bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into the Stabilization of In Situ Formed γ‐NiOOH Species on Ni60Nb40 Nanoglass for Effective Urea Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Sohel Amir , Kovilakath Muhammed Safeer Naduvil , Gogoi Palash J. , Ansari Hasem , Phukan Plabana , Bag Soumabha , John Neena S. , Baksi Ananya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe formation of NiOOH on the catalyst surface is widely considered to be the active species in electrochemical urea oxidation reactions (UOR). Though in situ‐formed NiOOH species are reported to be more active than the synthesized ones, the mechanistic study of the actual active species remains a daunting task due to the possibility of different phases and instability of surface‐formed NiOOH. Herein, mechanistic UOR aspects of electrochemically activated metallic Ni60Nb40 Nanoglass showing stability toward the γ‐NiOOH phase are reported, probed via in situ Raman spectroscopy, supported by electron microscopy analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy in contrast with the β‐NiOOH formation favored on Ni foil. Detailed mechanistic study further reveals that γ‐NiOOH predominantly follows a direct UOR mechanism while β‐NiOOH favors indirect UOR from time‐dependent Raman study, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The Nanoglass has shown outstanding UOR performance with a low Tafel slope of 16 mV dec−1 and stability for prolonged electrolysis (≈38 mA cm−2 for 70 h) that can be attributed to the nanostructured glassy interfaces facilitating more γ‐NiOOH species formation and stabilization on the surface. The present study opens up a new direction for the development of inexpensive Ni‐based UOR catalysts and sheds light on the UOR mechanism.
Synergy Between Dynamic Behavior of Hydrogen Defects and Non‐Radiative Recombination in Metal‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhou Wencai , Zhou Rongkun , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhou Zixiao , He Yongcai , Qian Cheng , Yan Hui , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan He 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hydrogen defects introduce deep‐level trap states, significantly influencing non‐radiative recombination processes. Those defects are primarily observed in MA‐PSCs rather than FA‐PSCs. As a result, MA‐PSCs demonstrated a lower efficiency of 23.6% compared to 26.1% of FA‐PSCs. In this work, both hydrogen vacancy (VH−) and hydrogen interstitial (Hi−) defects in MAPbI3 bulk and on surfaces, respectively are investigated. i) Bulk VH− defects have dramatic impact on non‐radiative recombination, with lifetime varying from 67 to 8 ns, depending on whether deprotonated MA0 are ion‐bonded or not. ii) Surface H‐defects exhibited an inherent self‐healing mechanism through a chemical bond between MA0 and Pb2+, indicating a self‐passivation effect. iii) Both VH− and Hi− defects can be mitigated by alkali cation passivation; while large cations are preferable for VH− passivation, given strong binding energy of cation/perovskite, as well as, weak band edge non‐adiabatic couplings; and small cations are suited for Hi− passivation, considering the steric hindrance effect. The dual passivation strategy addressed diverse experimental outcomes, particularly in enhancing performance associated with cation selections. The dynamic connection between hydrogen defects and non‐radiative recombination is elucidated, providing insights into hydrogen defect passivation essential for high‐performance PSCs fabrication.
Rethinking and advancing the movement of resistance, activism, and advocacy in health in four central arenas of the Middle East Region
Authors: Alkhaldi Mohammed , Asi Yara , AlBada Marina , Mansour Wesam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Middle East region has a long history of resistance, activism, and advocacy movements in health, most recently as part of the 2011 region‐wide Arab Spring. Despite this storied history, however, movements of resistance, activism, and advocacy in health in the region are rarely unpacked, examined, or documented. This historical and contextual analysis aims to examine the long‐standing confiscated health rights and subsequent experiences of resistance, activism, and advocacy in health in populations in Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, and Iraq. Promoting a health equity and health rights‐based approach is key to achieving Universal Health Coverage and health‐related Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in contexts that experience fragile socioeconomic and humanitarian conditions and political instability such as many countries in the Middle East. Marginalized populations, including Palestinians living under Israeli occupation, Lebanese Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender+ (LGBT) communities, Egyptian women and girls affected by Female Genital Mutilation, and Iraqi refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, have been severely impacted by decades of oppression, conflict, and displacement. These populations have faced various forms of discrimination, neglect, and violence that have hindered their access to quality healthcare and basic health rights. Rather than relying on government efforts, local and international movements to advocate for and protect the health rights of these populations are key. Innovative approaches, strategic dialogue and collective actions are prerequisites for promoting resistance, activism, and advocacy in health in all country's systems structure. This analysis highlights the important of this social public health issue in the most turbulent region and provides evidence to guide all countries to realize equitable human rights for health for all populations.
Considerations for trustworthy cross-border interoperability of digital identity systems in developing countries
Authors: Ibor Ayei , Hooper Mark , Maple Carsten , Crowcroft Jon , Epiphaniou Gregory 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn developing nations, the implementation of Foundational Identity Systems (FIDS) has optimised service delivery and inclusive economic growth. Cross-border e-government will gain traction as developing countries increasingly look to identity federation and trustworthy interoperability through FIDS for the identification and authentication of identity holders. Despite this potential, the interoperability of FIDS in the African identity ecosystem has not been well-studied. Among the difficulties in this situation are the intricate internal political dynamics that have led to weak institutions, suggesting that FIDS could be used for political purposes; additionally, citizens’ or identity holders’ habitual low trust in the government raises concerns about data security and privacy protection. Similarly, vendor lock-in, cross-system compatibility, and ambiguous legislative rules for data exchange are other concerns. Interoperability is fundamentally necessary as a precondition for e-government services and serves as the foundation for the best possible service delivery in the areas of social security, education, and finance, as well as gender equality as demonstrated by the European Union (EU). Moreover, the integration of cross-border FIDS and an ecosystem of effective data governance will be created by unified data sharing via an interoperable identity system. Thus, in this study, we point to the challenges, opportunities, and requirements for cross-border interoperability in an African setting. Furthermore, we investigated current interoperability solutions such as the EU’s eIDAS and Estonian X-Road and proposed an approach for scoping requirements to achieve a fully functional interoperable identity ecosystem in the African setting. Our findings show that interoperability in the African identity ecosystem is essential for expanding the scope of e-government throughout the continent and for bolstering the smooth authentication and verification of identity holders for inclusive economic growth.
Large-bore Aspiration Thrombectomy with the FlowTriever System for the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: A Large Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pebror Travis , Schmitz Adam William , Gauger Andrew , Masterson Reid , Butty Sabah David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing large-bore aspiration thrombectomy for the treatment of pulmonary embolism at a large university medical center.

Materials and methods
All patients treated for pulmonary embolism with the FlowTriever System (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA) between September 2019 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary safety and effectiveness outcomes included 7- and 30-day all-cause mortality, major bleeding, procedure-associated clinical decompensation, pulmonary vascular or cardiac injury, and pulmonary artery pressure reduction. Additional outcomes included technical success (completing thrombectomy with the device as intended), changes in hemodynamics and supplemental oxygen requirements, and postprocedural intensive care unit stay.

Results
A total of 286 patients were identified. The mean age was 60.5 years, and 90.9% of patients presented with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Technical success was achieved in 96.9% (n = 277) of cases. The average reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 6.8 mmHg, from 28.7 ± 9.0 to 21.9 ± 8.0 mmHg (p < 0.0001). Two major bleeds (0.7%), 2 pulmonary vascular injuries (0.7%), and 4 (1.4%) procedure-associated decompensations were reported, but no device-related deaths occurred. The mean post-procedure intensive care unit stay was 2.0 ± 4.1 days, and 49.3% of patients had no postprocedural intensive care unit admittance. The overall 7-day and 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 2.4% and 6.7%, respectively, with a 30-day pulmonary embolism-related mortality rate of 3.5%.

Conclusion
This non-industry-sponsored single-center analysis of large-bore aspiration thrombectomy in a large population corroborates the findings of other studies and confirms that this approach is safe and effective for the treatment high- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism.

Level of Evidence IV
Retrospective observational study.

Graphical Abstract
Acute kidney injury in a child treated with cisplatin and amphotericin B
Authors: Skajaa Torjus , Faerch Mia , Hasle Henrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCisplatin and amphotericin B are both known to be potentially nephrotoxic. We describe acute kidney injury due to the combination of Liposomal amphotericin B and cisplatin in an adolescent with osteosarcoma. Acute kidney injury (peak creatinine 431 µmol/L) consistent with drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was observed a few days after concomitant administration of cisplatin and amphotericin B. Kidney function nearly normalised during follow-up. The timing of the concomitant administration of amphotericin B and cisplatin led us to presume that the combination was the cause of renal failure, and we conclude that concurrent administration of cisplatin and amphotericin B should be avoided.
Deficiency of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter Mfsd2b protects the heart against hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing the L-type-Ca2+ channel
Authors: Duse Dragos Andrei , Schröder Nathalie Hannelore , Srivastava Tanu , Benkhoff Marcel , Vogt Jens , Nowak Melissa Kim , Funk Florian , Semleit Nina , Wollnitzke Philipp , Erkens Ralf , Kötter Sebastian , Meuth Sven Günther , Keul Petra , Santos Webster , Polzin Amin , Kelm Malte , Krüger Martina , Schmitt Joachim , Levkau Bodo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe erythrocyte S1P transporter Mfsd2b is also expressed in the heart. We hypothesized that S1P transport by Mfsd2b is involved in cardiac function. Hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling was induced by 4-weeks Angiotensin II (AngII) administration and assessed by echocardiography. Ca2+ transients and sarcomere shortening were examined in adult cardiomyocytes (ACM) from Mfsd2b+/+ and Mfsd2b−/− mice. Tension and force development were measured in skinned cardiac fibers. Myocardial gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by enzymatic assay, and S1P by LC/MS, respectively. Msfd2b was expressed in the murine and human heart, and its deficiency led to higher cardiac S1P. Mfsd2b−/− mice had regular basal cardiac function but were protected against AngII-induced deterioration of left-ventricular function as evidenced by ~ 30% better stroke volume and cardiac index, and preserved ejection fraction despite similar increases in blood pressure. Mfsd2b−/− ACM exhibited attenuated Ca2+ mobilization in response to isoprenaline whereas contractility was unchanged. Mfsd2b−/− ACM showed no changes in proteins responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis, and skinned cardiac fibers exhibited reduced passive tension generation with preserved contractility. Verapamil abolished the differences in Ca2+ mobilization between Mfsd2b+/+ and Mfsd2b−/− ACM suggesting that S1P inhibits L-type-Ca2+ channels (LTCC). In agreement, intracellular S1P activated the inhibitory LTCC phosphatase PP2A in ACM and PP2A activity was increased in Mfsd2b−/− hearts. We suggest that myocardial S1P protects from hypertension-induced left-ventricular remodeling by inhibiting LTCC through PP2A activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of Mfsd2b may thus offer a novel approach to heart failure.
Assessing the use of the novel tool Claude 3 in comparison to ChatGPT 4.0 as an artificial intelligence tool in the diagnosis and therapy of primary head and neck cancer cases
Authors: Schmidl Benedikt , Hütten Tobias , Pigorsch Steffi , Stögbauer Fabian , Hoch Cosima C. , Hussain Timon , Wollenberg Barbara , Wirth Markus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex malignancy that requires a multidisciplinary tumor board approach for individual treatment planning. In recent years, artificial intelligence tools have emerged to assist healthcare professionals in making informed treatment decisions. This study investigates the application of the newly published LLM Claude 3 Opus compared to the currently most advanced LLM ChatGPT 4.0 for the diagnosis and therapy planning of primary HNSCC. The results were compared to that of a conventional multidisciplinary tumor board; (2) Materials and Methods: We conducted a study in March 2024 on 50 consecutive primary head and neck cancer cases. The diagnostics and MDT recommendations were compared to the Claude 3 Opus and ChatGPT 4.0 recommendations for each patient and rated by two independent reviewers for the following parameters: clinical recommendation, explanation, and summarization in addition to the Artificial Intelligence Performance Instrument (AIPI); (3) Results: In this study, Claude 3 achieved better scores for the diagnostic workup of patients than ChatGPT 4.0 and provided treatment recommendations involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In terms of clinical recommendations, explanation and summarization Claude 3 scored similar to ChatGPT 4.0, listing treatment recommendations which were congruent with the MDT, but failed to cite the source of the information; (4) Conclusion: This study is the first analysis of Claude 3 for primary head and neck cancer cases and demonstrates a superior performance in the diagnosis of HNSCC than ChatGPT 4.0 and similar results for therapy recommendations. This marks the advent of a newly launched advanced AI model that may be superior to ChatGPT 4.0 for the assessment of primary head and neck cancer cases and may assist in the clinical diagnostic and MDT setting.
Audiovestibular outcomes in adult patients with cogan syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Marrero-Gonzalez Alejandro R. , Ward Celine , Nguyen Shaun A. , Jeong Seth S. , Rizk Habib G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine factors associated with steroid responsiveness and efficacy of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic (DMARD) use in patients with Cogan Syndrome (CS).

Methods
A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Any study describing audiometric or vestibular data and pharmacologic treatment in patients with CS was included. Due to limited literature, only case reports/case series were included.

Results
Seventy case reports or case series studies comprising 79 individual cases of CS were included. A difference in vestibular symptoms with a higher prevalence in the steroid-resistant group than the steroid-responsive group was found (79.5% vs 57.9%, p = 0.04). Eighteen (60.0%) patients treated only with oral steroids had no audiological improvement, while twelve (n = 12; 85.7%) patients treated with biologic DMARD showed audiological improvement. The steroid-responsive group had an overall better response to DMARDs than the steroid-resistant group (62.1% vs 45.0%; 100.0% vs 77.8%).

Conclusions
Our study synthesized the available literature to better characterize steroid resistance in patients with Cogan syndrome and treatment outcomes. Vestibular symptoms were noted to be more prevalent in patients who were eventually labeled as steroid resistant. There were higher rates of audiological improvement in patients given biologic DMARDs rather than conventional DMARDs or steroids only. Further studies are needed to characterize each individual vestibular symptom and investigate the utility and timing of biologic DMARDs in managing patients with Cogan syndrome.
Leveraging atmospheric moisture recycling in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries for irrigation and afforestation planning
Authors: Zampieri Matteo , Luong Thang M. , Ashok Karumuri , Dasari Hari P. , Pistocchi Alberto , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract Effective irrigation planning is crucial for sustainable agricultural development and ecosystem restoration projects in arid regions. With respect to ambitious greening initiatives, Saudi Arabia is establishing a national strategy toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future not only for itself but also for the broader Middle East region. Thus, comprehensively understanding the water cycle in the region is essential to identify the most suitable target locations for afforestation and reforestation while considering the potential role of irrigation. Herein, in addition to traditional pedoclimatic factors, we introduce a complementary consideration—“irrigation recycling.” Building on the well-established concept of atmospheric moisture recycling and taking advantage from an atmospheric trajectory dataset, we track the path of evaporated water from current or potential irrigated sites to the location where the evaporated water eventually falls as precipitation. Our analysis offers two key benefits. First, it helps pinpoint the regions in which and the periods during which water recycling is maximum within the country, aiding more precise calculations of the investment return value for irrigation infrastructures. Second, it helps identify the land-use change patterns that contribute to international efforts such as drought mitigation in East Africa as an example. We found that one-third of the actual precipitation in the current Saudi irrigated sites originated from evapotranspiration over land, mainly from Saudi Arabia and surrounding countries. Interestingly, most of the evapotranspiration from these irrigated sites will eventually fall somewhere over land (primarily in Iran). Controlling the seasonality and spatial distribution of the future irrigation expansion will allow controlling the atmospheric moisture recirculation in Saudi Arabia and nearby drought-prone regions such as Eastern Africa. The outcomes of this study will be the subject of future integrated assessments to account for the climatic feedbacks of the land-use change scenarios. At present, they provide crucial insights to support the decision-making process surrounding the Saudi and Middle East Green Initiatives. Further, the presented methodology offers a pragmatic framework that can be applied to similar greening projects for other regions, making it a viable and valuable approach for global sustainability programs.
The Rise of Transnational Financial Crimes and Tropical Deforestation
Authors: Kassouri Yacouba 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of trade-related illicit financial flows (IFFs) on tropical deforestation. To adjust for pre-exposure differences in deforestation rates between countries exposed to IFFs and their counterfactuals, this study adopts propensity score matching and doubly robust weighted regression estimators. The results suggest substantial increases in forest loss in countries exposed to large IFFs. Specifically, the treated countries exposed to IFFs experience an annual increase in forest loss of approximately 10,344.167 hectares compared to their counterfactual controls. This finding is largely driven by macro-financial instability resulting from real currency depreciation and tax revenue losses due to illicit financial outflows. The results highlight the merit of capital controls and state ownership of assets in mitigating the impact of exposure to IFFs on forest loss.
Analysis of a Prototype Multi-Detector Fast-Neutron Radiography Panel
Authors: Young Christian X. , Browning Chloe A. , Thurber Ryan J. , Smalley Matthew R. , Liesenfelt Michael J. , Hayward Jason P. , McFarlane Nicole , Cooper Michael P. , Preston Jeff R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA multi-detector fast neutron radiography panel was built using the previous work on scalable neutron radiography using the IDEAS ROSSPAD readout module. A new aluminum housing was built to accommodate a large number of detectors tiled together. Additional changes to startup and processing code were made to operate the detector as one cohesive unit. Spatial resolution of the full panel using Cs-137 gammas was reported to be 0.42 line pairs per centimeter at 90% MTF and 2.09 line pairs per centimeter at 10% MTF. Three neutron radiographs generated using a Cf-252 fission neutron source were used to determine the spatial resolution of the panel for neutrons. The experiments had 90% MTF values of 0.24, 0.3, and 0.27 line pairs per centimeter and 10% MTF values of 1.30, 1.46, and 1.40 line pairs per centimeter. An example neutron radiograph was also used to prove that the radiography panel can perform true neutron radiography.
Help, I need somebody! Business and technology advisors in emerging science-based ventures at American universities
Authors: Denoo Lien , Van Boxstael Anneleen , Belz Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly-stage science-based ventures (SBVs) require a wide range of intellectual resources and practical know-how to successfully commercialize their technologies. Often SBV founders actively gain this knowledge through advisory relationships providing business and technology guidance. We explore the effects of both business and technology advisors in combination with the founder’s entrepreneurial and technology experience. We measure early-stage success in an SBV using application readiness, a novel concept that encompasses progress in both technology discovery and validation as well as market identification and application. Using hand-collected longitudinal data from 112 emerging science-based ventures associated with American universities, we find that business advisors have a positive impact on application readiness, while technology advisors delay it; and these effects are moderated by the founder’s experience. Remarkably, a small number of advisors can have the same impact as decades of experience. Our article unpacks underexplored mechanisms through which advisors—an often-used policy tool supporting entrepreneurship—are implemented in emerging science-based ventures and makes academic contributions to the literatures on technology commercialization, advisors and human capital.