bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐2‐mediated CD4 T‐cell activation correlates highly with effective serological and T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in people living with HIV
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Righi Elda , Konnova Angelina , Sciammarella Concetta , Spiteri Gianluca , Van Averbeke Vincent , Berkell Matilda , Hotterbeekx An , Sartor Assunta , Mirandola Massimo , Malhotra‐Kumar Surbhi , Azzini Anna Maria , Pezzani Diletta , Monaco Maria Grazia Lourdes , Vanham Guido , Porru Stefano , Tacconelli Evelina , Kumar‐Singh Samir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeople living with HIV (PLWH) despite having an appreciable depletion of CD4+ T‐cells show a good severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination response. The underlying mechanism(s) are currently not understood. We studied serological and polyfunctional T‐cell responses in PLWH receiving anti‐retroviral therapy stratified on CD4+ counts as PLWH‐high (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/mm3) and PLWH‐low (<500 cells/mm3). Responses were assessed longitudinally before the first vaccination (T0), 1‐month after the first dose (T1), 3‐months (T2), and 6‐months (T3) after the second dose. Expectedly, both PLWH‐high and ‐low groups developed similar serological responses after T2, which were also non‐significantly different from age and vaccination‐matched HIV‐negative controls at T3. The immunoglobulin G titers were also protective showing a good correlation with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐neutralizations (R = 0.628, p = 0.005). While surface and intracellular activation analysis showed no significant difference at T3 between PLWH and controls in activated CD4+CD154+ and CD4+ memory T‐cells, spike‐specific CD4+ polyfunctional cytokine expression analysis showed that PLWH preferentially express interleukin (IL)‐2 (p < 0.001) and controls, interferon‐γ (p = 0.017). CD4+ T‐cell counts negatively correlated with IL‐2‐expressing CD4+ T‐cells including CD4+ memory T‐cells (Spearman ρ: −0.85 and −0.80, respectively; p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the durable serological and CD4+ T‐cell responses developing in vaccinated PLWH are associated with IL‐2‐mediated CD4+ T‐cell activation that likely compensates for CD4+ T‐cell depletion in PLWH.
Prospective identification of medication harm in geriatric inpatients using a modified trigger tool
Authors: Wang Andre , Lam Jonathan Yong Jie , Falconer Nazanin , Barras Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication harm (MH) causes patient morbidity and is a major healthcare burden. Research into MH is growing, but effective methods to identify MH are debated. The prevalence of MH is often based on an incomplete, retrospective chart review or spontaneous reporting, reliant on busy clinicians. A practical and clinically relevant method to detect MH is required. A trigger tool (TT) offers a solution.AimTo evaluate a modified TT to prospectively detect MH and determine the prevalence and severity of MH in a geriatric population.MethodAn international TT was peer evaluated and modified for use in a geriatric ward of a quaternary hospital. Patients were recruited over a 6‐month period. The TT was applied to prospectively help identify MH, which was assessed for causality and severity. Positive predictive values (PPV) were estimated for each trigger to determine its sensitivity in identifying MH. Ethics approval was granted by the Metro South Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: HREC/2022/QMS/80654) and the study conforms to the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants through completion of a written consent form, after a full explanation of the protocol design.ResultsFifty patients consented, of which 16 (32%) patients experienced one or more MH events. A total of 257 triggers were activated (mean of 5.14 per patient) and 31 (12%) predicted an event. Of the 31 events, 19 (61.3%) events were rated as mild and 12 (38.7%) events were rated as moderate to severe. The most common events were bleeding/large bruising, major constipation, diarrhoea, and vomiting. The triggers with the highest PPV included triggers T5 (bleeding/bruising), T9 (gastrointestinal disorders), and T11 (major constipation) with PPVs of 0.455, 0.238, and 0.286, respectively.ConclusionA modified TT helped to detect MH in a geriatric population and will aid in identifying events in future studies.
Three‐dimensional fiber patterning in the annulus fibrosus can be derived from vertebral endplate topography
Authors: Raza Ali , Howell Gwynneth T. , Michalek Arthur J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe annulus fibrosus (AF) of the Intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of concentric lamellae of helically wound collagen fibers. Understanding the spatial variation of collagen fiber orientations in these lamellae, and the resulting material anisotropy, is crucial to predicting the mechanical behavior of the complete IVD.MethodsThis study builds on a prior model predicated on path‐independent displacement of fiber endpoints during vertebral body growth to predict a complete, three‐dimensional annulus fibrosus fiber network from a small number of subject‐independent input parameters and vertebral endplate topographies obtained from clinical imaging. To evaluate the model, it was first fit to mid‐plane fiber orientations obtained using polarized light microscopy in a population of bovine caudal discs for which computed tomography images vertebral endplates were also available. Additionally, the model was used to predict the trajectories based on human lumbar disc geometries and results were compared to previously reported data. Finally, the model was employed to investigate potential disc‐related variations in fiber angle distributions.ResultsThe model was able to accurately predict experimentally measured fiber distributions in both bovine and human discs using only endplate topography and three input parameters. Critically, the model recapitulated previously observed asymmetry between the inclinations of right‐ and left‐handed fibers in the posterolateral aspect of the human AF. Level to level variation of disc height and aspect ratio in the human lumbar spine was predicted to affect absolute values of fiber inclination, but not this asymmetry.ConclusionTaken together these results suggest that patient‐specific distributions of AF fiber orientation may be readily incorporated into computational models of the spine using only disc geometry and a small number of subject‐independent parameters.
Trust dynamics in sharing economy services during a crisis: A comparison between Airbnb and Uber
Authors: Amrollahi Alireza , Kummer Tyge‐F. , Rajaeian Mehdi , (Hana) Hadinejad Arghavan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates trust dynamics in sharing economy services during the COVID‐19 crisis, comparing Airbnb and Uber as prominent representatives of accommodation and transportation services in tourism. Guided by two research questions, the study first explores the antecedents and mechanisms of trust creation on these platforms and then examines how the global pandemic affected trust in these services. The findings reveal that structural assurance, privacy protection, and social influence (only for Uber) are key antecedents of trust. Trust, in turn, significantly influences perceived usefulness and the intention to use both platforms. The results also show that perceived risk, heightened by COVID‐19 concerns, negatively moderates the relationship between trust and usage intention. Comparing the two platforms, Airbnb exhibited higher levels of structural assurance, perceived usefulness, social influence, and usage intentions than Uber. Theoretically, this study advances knowledge by integrating technology acceptance literature with trust‐focused insights from tourism research. Practically, the findings guide sharing economy platforms in enhancing user trust and intention, particularly during crises.
Influence of responsible tourism practices on the destination perceptions of tourists
Authors: Mathew Paul V. , Cabral Clement , Mohandas Nimmi P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTourism destination development and visitor satisfaction are significantly enhanced by responsible tourism practices. Responsible tourism should be taken into consideration as a policy choice being a strategic marketing tool improving destination quality and tourist satisfaction. This study is an effort to comprehend how responsible tourism practices affect visitor satisfaction, re‐visit intention, and word‐of‐mouth. The study also took into account how visitors' awareness of responsible tourism mediated their satisfaction with their experiences while visiting the area. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed model from the data gathered from 548 tourists. Results revealed that responsible tourism practices significantly improved visitor satisfaction, followed by increased likelihood of returning and favorable word‐of‐mouth recommendations.
Thermo‐Compressed Films of Poly(butylene succinate) Reinforced with Cellulose Fibers Obtained from Rice Straw by Green Extraction Methods
Authors: Olivas‐Alonso Carmen , Freitas Pedro A. V. , Torres‐Giner Sergio , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, two green extraction methods are explored to valorize rice straw into cellulose fibers (CFs), namely subcritical water extraction (SWE) and combined ultrasound‐heating treatment (USHT). The resultant fibers are, thereafter, successfully pretreated with (3‐glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS) and incorporated at 3% wt into poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt‐mixing. The green composites are shaped into films by thermo‐compression and characterized in terms of their performance for food packaging applications. The chemical analysis of the fibers reveals that SWE is more effective to selectively remove hemicelluloses than USHT, whereas silanization promotes the removal of lignin in both fiber types. Fiber incorporation, more notably in the case of the silanized fibers, restricts the movement of the PBS chains, indicating good interaction with the biopolyester matrix. In particular, CFs act as antinucleating agents in PBS, delaying both glass transition and crystallization from the melt phenomena and hindering crystal formation. Furthermore, the fibers mechanically reinforce and improve the oxygen barrier of the PBS films. The highest barrier enhancement is obtained for the thermo‐compressed composite film with silanized fibers obtained by SWE, yielding a decrease of nearly 20% in the permeability to oxygen versus the unfilled PBS film.
Encouraging prosocial consumer behaviour: A review of influencer and digital marketing literature
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Liu Yeyi , Zhu Jingyu , Lou Jingyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProsocial consumer behaviours, or actions taken by consumers intended to benefit others, are essential for society's stability. Thus, marketers need to systematically develop strategies that promote such intentions among consumers. Influencer marketing is a particularly effective strategy. We systematically review and propose how to encourage prosocial consumer behaviour, depending on consumers' capability, opportunity, and motivation. In Study 1, a scoping review of 15 articles on influencer marketing encouraging prosocial consumer behaviour yields a research map that confirms the relevance of influencer marketing in encouraging such behaviour. In Study 2, a bibliometric review of 867 articles on prosocial consumer behaviour results in a keyword map that identifies critical factors influencing prosocial consumer behaviour. The findings offer future research directions on influencer marketing to encourage prosocial consumer behaviour. More importantly, we propose practical digital interventions for encouraging prosocial consumer behaviour. This research provides a state‐of‐the‐art overview of prosocial consumer behaviour and illustrates how influencer marketing can promote prosocial consumer behaviour.
Fifty years of deceptive marketing research: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Welch Emma G. , Galvan John M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeceptive marketing practices have continued to emerge as a persistent and difficult challenge that affects marketing exchanges and government agents alike. While thorough reviews have previously emerged to explore each of the multifaceted areas of deceptive marketing practices, the current review seeks a more holistic perspective. Utilizing an exhaustive systematic review of peer‐reviewed journal articles (n = 92), the goal of the current work is threefold: (1) review and integrate existing research, (2) identify common themes to develop a comprehensive framework for deception, and (3) map future avenues for research. To accomplish this, the literature was reviewed to identify specific eras pivotal to the 50‐year evolution of deceptive marketing, which revealed several notable observations: a continuously evolving definition, an insufficient depth of theoretical underpinnings, and a vast breadth of construct diversity. After providing a clear definition for deceptive marketing, a new framework is proposed to view the deception literature based on a thematic approach (advertising, ethics & public policy, deceptive marketing tactics, covert marketing communication) encompassed by exogenous factors (posttruth phenomena, impact proximity, social consensus, and exchange type). Future research accompanies the new robust framework in the hopes that the current research will guide future researchers in expanding the domain of deceptive marketing research cohesively.
Enhancing CO2 Transport Across the PEG/PPG‐Based Crosslinked Rubbery Polymer Membranes with a Sterically Bulky Carbazole‐Based ROMP Comonomer
Authors: Kabir Md. Homayun , Kannan Senthil , Veetil Kavya Adot , Sun Eun Kyu , Kim Tae‐Hyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA series of poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(propylene glycol) (PEG/PPG)‐ and 5,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione (2CZPImide)‐based crosslinked rubbery polymer membranes, denoted as PEG/PPG‐2CZPImide (x:y), are prepared from the norbornene‐functionalized PEG/PPG oligomer (NB‐PEG/PPG‐NB) and 2‐(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐2‐ylmethyl)‐5,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione (2CZPImide‐NB) via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The molar ratio (x:y) of the NB‐PEG/PPG‐NB (x) to 2CZPImide‐NB (y) monomers is varied from 10:1 to 6:1. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and pure gas permeability studies reveal that the comonomer 2CZPImide‐NB successfully increases the d‐spacing among the crystalline PEG/PPG segments, hence enhancing the diffusivity of gases through the membranes. The synthesized membranes exhibit good CO2 separation performance, with CO2 permeabilities ranging from 311.1 to 418.1 Barrer and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities of 39.4–52.0 and 13.4–16.0, respectively, approaching the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Moreover, PEG/PPG‐2CZPImide (6:1), displaying optimal CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities, shows long‐term stability against physical aging and plasticization resistance up to 20 days and 10 atm, respectively.
Symptom Network Analysis in a Large Sample of Children and Adults with a Chronic Tic Disorder
Authors: Forlim Caroline Garcia , Brandt Valerie , Jakubovski Ewgeni , Ganos Christos , Kühn Simone , Müller‐Vahl Kirsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic tic disorders (CTD) are multifaceted disorders characterized by multiple motor and/or vocal tics. They are often associated with complex tics including echophenomena, paliphenomena, and coprophenomena as well as psychiatric comorbidities such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD).ObjectivesOur goal was to uncover the inter‐relational structure of CTD and comorbid symptoms in children and adults and to understand changes in symptom structure across development.MethodsWe used network and graph analyses to uncover the structure of association of symptoms in childhood/adolescence (n = 529) and adulthood (n = 503) and how this structure might change from childhood to adulthood, pinpointing core symptoms as a main target for interventions.ResultsThe analysis yielded core symptom networks in young and adult patients with CTD including complex tics and tic‐related phenomena as well as touching people and objects. Core symptoms in childhood also included ADHD symptoms, whereas core symptoms in adults included symptoms of OCD instead. Interestingly, self‐injurious behavior did not play a core role in the young CTD network, but became one of the central symptoms in adults with CDT. In addition, we found strong connections between complex motor and vocal tics as well as echolalia and echopraxia.ConclusionsNext to other complex tics, echophenomena, paliphenomena, and coprophenomena can be regarded core symptoms of CTD. ADHD symptoms are closely related to CTD in childhood, whereas symptoms of OCD and self‐injurious behavior are closely associated with CTD in adults. Our results suggest that a differentiation between motor and vocal tics is somewhat arbitrary.
Design of calibration‐free RF pulses for T 2$$ {}_2 $$‐weighted single‐slab 3D turbo‐spin‐echo sequences at 7T utilizing parallel transmission
Authors: Lowen Daniel , Pracht Eberhard D. , Gras Vincent , Massire Aurelien , Mauconduit Franck , Stoecker Tony , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeT‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) sequences are a fundamental technique in brain imaging but suffer from field inhomogeneities at ultra‐high fields. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate the problem, but were limited so far to nonselective three‐dimensional (3D) measurements, making short acquisitions difficult to achieve when targeting very high resolution images, or needed additional calibration procedures, thus complicating their application.MethodsSlab‐selective excitation pulses were designed for flexible placement utilizing the concept of k‐spokes. Phase‐coherent refocusing universal pulses were subsequently optimized with the Gradient Ascent Pulse Engineering algorithm and tested in vivo for improved signal homogeneity.ResultsImplemented within a 3D variable flip angle TSE sequence, these pulses led to a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvement ranging from 10% to 30% compared to a two‐dimensional (2D) T2w TSE sequence employing ‐shimmed pulses. field inhomogeneities could be mitigated and artifacts from deviations reduced. The concept of universal pulses was successfully applied.ConclusionWe present a pulse design method which provides a set of calibration‐free universal pulses (UPs) for slab‐selective excitation and phase‐coherent refocusing in slab‐selective TSE sequences.
Automatic removal of large blood vasculature for objective assessment of brain tumors using quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kesari Anshika , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Singh Anup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe presence of a normal large blood vessel (LBV) in a tumor region can impact the evaluation of quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) parameters and tumor classification. Hence, there is a need for automatic removal of LBVs from brain tissues including intratumoral regions for achieving an objective assessment of tumors. This retrospective study included 103 histopathologically confirmed brain tumor patients who underwent MRI, including DCE‐MRI data acquisition. Quantitative DCE‐MRI analysis was performed for computing various parameters such as wash‐out slope (Slope‐2), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), blood plasma volume fraction (Vp), and volume transfer constant (Ktrans). An approach based on data‐clustering algorithm, morphological operations, and quantitative DCE‐MRI maps was proposed for the segmentation of normal LBVs in brain tissues, including the tumor region. Here, three widely used data‐clustering algorithms were evaluated on two types of quantitative maps: (a) Slope‐2, and (b) a new proposed combination of rCBV and Slope‐2 maps. Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery‐MRI hyperintense lesions were also automatically segmented using deep learning‐based architecture. The accuracy of LBV segmentation was qualitatively assessed blindly by two experienced observers, and Likert scoring was also obtained from each individual and compared using Cohen's Kappa test, and multiple statistical features from quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters were obtained in the segmented tumor. t‐test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed for comparing the effect of removal of LBVs on parameters as well as on tumor grading. k‐means clustering exhibited better accuracy and computational efficiency. Tumors, in particular high‐grade gliomas (HGGs), showed a high contrast compared with normal tissues (relative % difference = 18.5%) on quantitative maps after the removal of LBVs. Statistical features (95th percentile values) of all parameters in the tumor region showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between with and without LBV maps. Similar results were obtained for the ROC curve analysis for differentiation between low‐grade gliomas and HGGs. Moreover, after the removal of LBVs, the rCBV, rCBF, and Vp maps show better visualization of tumor regions.
Integration of carbon nanotube yarns into glass‐fiber reinforced composites for electrical self‐sensing of damage under cyclic bending and impact loading
Authors: Uribe‐Riestra G. , Pech‐Pisté R. , Avilés F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContinuously long carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) were integrated into glass fiber weave/vinyl ester composites to act as electrical sensing elements to self‐monitoring damage. A grid comprising one longitudinal and three transverse CNTYs, running through the 125 mm long flexural specimen, was integrated into the top and bottom layers of glass fiber weaves to allow monitoring of the electrical resistance and locate damage. Four‐point bending specimens were tested under cyclic flexural loading, alternating with low‐velocity impacts to monitor damage initiation and progression. The electrical response of the CNTY grid is able to pinpoint the region where damage initiates, accumulates, and propagates under cycling loading, triggered or not by impact. The damage location identified by the electrical response of CNTYs is supported by in situ in‐plane and through‐thickness strain fields measured by digital image correlation (DIC). The correlation between the electrical technique and the DIC‐measured strain fields indicate that the majority of damage occurs through interlaminar stresses at or near the supports and/or loading introduction elements of the flexural test rig. Integrating CNTYs into structural composites enables online damage monitoring, leading to intelligent condition‐based maintenance for naval ships, aircrafts, and other structures, ultimately extending service life and reducing costs.Highlights
CNTYs were integrated into composites for damage self‐sensing.
Electrical response of CNTYs pinpoints the region of damage.
Damage caused by cyclic bending and low velocity impacts were identified.
Electrically identified damage is supported by DIC.