bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Myaskovsky and the “Regimentation” of Soviet Composition
Authors: Zuk Patrick 
Published: July 2014

Western studies of musical life in the USSR have typically placed great emphasis on the constraints to which composers were subject and often appear to have accepted as axiomatic the notion that the styles of Soviet composition of the Stalinist era were fundamentally conditioned by external pressures. One of the most influential formulations of this view is to be found in Boris Schwarz’s Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia, which has remained a standard work of reference for over four decades. Schwarz considered the promulgation of the Communist Party’s resolution of 23 April 1932 “On the Reconstruction of Literary and Artistic Organisations” to represent a fateful turning point in the fortunes of Soviet music, marking the inauguration of a stultifying new era of “regimentation” and the demise of freedoms that had remained after the persecution of leading modernists by the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians. According to Schwarz “advanced composers turned conventional, and conventional composers turned commonplace.” In Schwarz’s view, the newly founded Composers’ Union, just as Goebbels’s Reichsmusikkammer, presided over an artistic wasteland.
In this essay I question such generalizations. I focus on Nikolay Myaskovsky (1881–1950), regarded by Schwarz as a prime example of a modernist who retreated into safe conventionality in the early 1930s after the composition of his notorious Twelfth Symphony, ostensibly written to glorify Stalin’s grandiose project of agricultural collectivization. A re-examination of the circumstances surrounding the symphony’s genesis suggests that the constructions Schwarz placed on this phase of Myaskovsky’s career are questionable. Although the composer’s harmonic language became noticeably less dissonant after 1932 than in certain works of the 1920s, I argue that this cannot be attributed solely to external pressures, as Myaskovsky’s later style evinces strong continuities with tendencies manifest in his earlier work. The essay closes by reflecting on the wider implications of these findings for our understanding of Soviet composition of the Stalinist era.
Robust synchronization of coupled circadian and cell cycle oscillators in single mammalian cells
Authors: Bieler Jonathan , Cannavo Rosamaria , Gustafson Kyle , Gobet Cedric , Gatfield David , Naef Felix 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCircadian cycles and cell cycles are two fundamental periodic processes with a period in the range of 1 day. Consequently, coupling between such cycles can lead to synchronization. Here, we estimated the mutual interactions between the two oscillators by time‐lapse imaging of single mammalian NIH3T3 fibroblasts during several days. The analysis of thousands of circadian cycles in dividing cells clearly indicated that both oscillators tick in a 1:1 mode‐locked state, with cell divisions occurring tightly 5 h before the peak in circadian Rev‐Erbα‐YFP reporter expression. In principle, such synchrony may be caused by either unidirectional or bidirectional coupling. While gating of cell division by the circadian cycle has been most studied, our data combined with stochastic modeling unambiguously show that the reverse coupling is predominant in NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, temperature, genetic, and pharmacological perturbations showed that the two interacting cellular oscillators adopt a synchronized state that is highly robust over a wide range of parameters. These findings have implications for circadian function in proliferative tissues, including epidermis, immune cells, and cancer.
Association Between Interleukin‐4 Gene −590 C/T, −33 C/T, and 70‐Base‐Pair Polymorphisms and Periodontitis Susceptibility: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yan Yan , Weng Hong , Shen Zheng‐Hai , Wu Lan , Zeng Xian‐Tao 
Published: July 2014

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between interleukin (IL)‐4 gene −590 C/T, −33 C/T, or 70–base pair (70‐bp) polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility but with conflicting results. Hence, a meta‐analysis was conducted to explore whether these polymorphisms are associated with periodontitis susceptibility.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science up to April 5, 2014. After the eligible studies were identified, data were extracted and quality‐assessed before performing the meta‐analysis.Results: The meta‐analysis included 23 eligible case‐control studies from 11 articles involving 12 studies of the −590 C/T polymorphism (1,220 cases and 2,039 controls), five of the −33 C/T polymorphism (715 cases and 967 controls), and four of the 70‐bp polymorphism (426 cases and 506 controls). The meta‐analysis showed that none of these IL‐4 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with periodontitis susceptibility in all study participants. However, subgroup analysis showed that the IL‐4 −590 T allele (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.42, P = 0.03) and TT genotype (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.67, P = 0.03) were associated with periodontitis in whites.Conclusions: Based on current evidence, the IL‐4 −33 C/T and 70‐bp polymorphisms were not associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. However, the IL‐4 −590 T allele and TT genotype were associated with increased risk of periodontitis in whites.
Unconventional and Conventional Hydrocarbon Resource Economics: A Look at the Fundamental Differences and How Countries Can Address the Needs of Unconventional Resource Exploitation
Authors: Cui C. J , Mozur M. W , Verre U. E , Weltge F. N 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
North America is not unique in the abundance of unconventional hydrocarbon resources (in particular, shale), yet it is the only place thus far that has seen significant progress in their extraction and monetization. This success has been driven by a flexible land leasing system for drilling rights, a mature infrastructure network for oil and gas transportation, a favorable fiscal regime, a well-established and very active service industry, and easy access to capital and world leading technologies. To what extent are these attributes singular to North America, and to what extent can the extensive development of unconventional resources seen in North America be replicated in other parts of the world?
Many countries have well established and successful conventional E&P activities and fiscal/contractual terms, but have struggled with the question as to how applicable these terms are to unconventional resource exploration, evaluation and development. This paper will seek to identify the key differences in the application of North America’s leasing, regulatory and fiscal regime to shale development, as compared to alternative systems applied elsewhere in the world.
The authors start by examining the fundamental cost and production profiles of conventional and unconventional wells in two North American onshore plays, and then in two potentially competing North American capital investment opportunities in order to establish whether there is anything fundamental in the economics of unconventional exploitation that requires different treatment. This analysis is then used to consider economics under cost, regulatory and fiscal regimes outside of North America.
Field Study of Critical Success Factors in Workover Planning and Application
Authors: Boniface Oriji Aleruchi , Achibong R. E , Uche Osokogwu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Workover operation is any intervention in the life of a well to restore or improve the performance of an already completed well or change the purpose of the well leading to high demand for automation and sophistication for an improved productivity. Sometimes it is inevitable in the life of many oil and gas wells.The success of any Workover operation is critical because of the money and time spent every year in the Exploration and Production operations. This could be achieved using proper procedures of screening and selection of Workover necessary to meet a company's objectives of improved production, cost efficiency and HSE excellence. It is therefore pertinent that success factors like cost, productivity, injectivity, safety, selectivity, re-entry and environmental considerations be incorporated into decisions for any Workover design. This paper investigates different approaches used in handling Workover design and application in the oil and gas industry. It focuses on the three major definite decision stages, example-Qualitative, Quantitative and Economic analysis. This is supported with a simple Excel flow chart proposed to ease the difficulty experienced when designing and planning a Workover operation. A systematic trouble shooting procedures for the case study field was designed and evaluated. Fourteen (14) candidate wells from the Niger Delta field were used to evaluate and validate the three staged simple excel spreadsheet for the screening, ranking and selection Model. The results of the ranking and screening showed that eight (8) of the wells were good and selected for Workover operations according to priority. The paper therefore provides a guideline for improved workover operations, with strong emphasis on database keeping, complexity reduction and reliability design applicable for similar fields in the oil and gas industries.
Underlining Post-Production Saturation Monitoring Impact on Reservoir Management: A Niger Delta Field Case Study
Authors: Ogbunude Basil C. , Egelle Emenike 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
After a field has been put on production, it is very pertinent that the saturation and contact changes within the reservoir be monitored. This is difficult on a frequent basis considering the cost implications of the processes involved. Usually, the main two methods employed are the use of PNC/PNS (C/O and Sigma) logs, and the 4D-Seismic. The latter, though the more recent, has been gathering popularity especially in the Gulf of Mexico and North Sea, because of its relatively easier and seemingly more dependent concepts. However, the PNC/PNS logs remain the major method used for contact monitoring.
Data generated from post-production saturation monitoring campaigns are used for proper reservoir management, generation of short-term oil gains, and reducing risks in planned new wells. Beyond these basic uses, the operation can also help to properly analyse the status of the wells, as well as redefine uncertainty level and reveal new information concerning the wells and reservoir conditions. In this work, a Niger Delta field that has been producing for about 20 years was analysed after the first post-production C/O log campaign was conducted. The logs were interpreted and the results were analysed. Apart from the observations common to the results of such operations, some other insights were revealed by this campaign, particularly in one of the wells producing from the field. The well was completed across two reservoirs, with the shallower completion put behind sleeves, while the deeper was put on production. A major boundary fault seals the reservoirs vertically, ensuring that no external communication was possible.
From the production data corresponding to the producing deeper reservoir, it was expected that the logs would confirm that the reservoir was about to quit considering the fact that it had already exceeded its EUR (high). However, after the logs were double-checked for errors and analysed, it was discovered that the shallower reservoir, which has never been put on production, has been partially flushed, and the deeper reservoir, which was expected to be watered out, still had some reasonable amount of oil in place. With these striking discoveries, a full field analysis was done, the details of which was discussed in this paper. At the end of this work, some recommendations were made. This underlines the importance of frequent reservoir monitoring operations. This will help unravel and understand anomalous developments that could be occurring in the field/wells without the knowledge of the operators.
Determination of Archie's Saturation Exponent for CO2 Sequestration in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf Rasheed , Al-Yousef Hasan Y. , Mahmoud Mohammed 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Accurate evaluation of reservoir fluid in place depends on accurate laboratory measurements of Archie parameters. Sensitivity of resistivity-based saturation models on these parameters, and their determination in non-Archie rocks has been extensively discussed in numerous technical papers. Conventional estimation of saturation exponent involves either steady state or porous plate displacement method whereby a non-wetting phase displaces the wetting phase. When applying this technique in carbon dioxide sequestration projects in order to estimate and monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in underground saline carbonate aquifer, it becomes imperative to consider the effect of CO2 – brine – rock interaction (CBRI) since carbonic acid formed from dissolution of CO2 in formation brine will dissolve some soluble carbonate grains and thereby alter rock pore structure and possibly change saturation exponent, ‘n’ as CO2 sequestration last. We hereby present the methodology for determining Archie parameters for CO2 sequestration evaluation projects. The effect of CBRI on change in saturation exponent and pore geometry is also discussed.
Challenges of Resistivity Log As A Monitoring Technique During Carbon Dioxide Sequestration In Carbonate Formations
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf Rasheed , Mahmoud Mohammed , Al-Yousef Hasan Y 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Electrical resistivity measurement technique is being used to evaluate the remaining oil in place during carbon dioxide (CO2) – EOR and it is currently extended to CO2 sequestration projects for tracking and quantifying carbon dioxide migration. Seismic method is another technique but it becomes less effective at about 40% of CO2 saturation giving resistivity technique an edge. However, the complexity of carbonate rocks with respect to the heterogeneity of its pore character and wettability, and the susceptibility of these factors to Carbon dioxide – Brine – Rock interaction (CBRI) can make such technique intractable for fluid monitoring in carbonate formations. This paper reviews the suitability of resistivity measurement for carbon dioxide monitoring. We reviewed the factors affecting resistivity-based saturation models with a focus on a new insight into how electrical properties of carbonate formation can be dependent on CBRI and on time. Laboratory study involved injecting supercritical CO2 into representative brine saturated core samples under reservoir and a closed boundary condition such that injected CO2 remained in place for a considerable length of time. A data acquisition system was designed to log core resistivity, temperature, pore pressure, and overburden pressure with time. Results revealed changes in rocks' pore character and rock electrical behavior over CO2 storage time. The resulting effects and challenges on resistivity measurements and estimation of carbon dioxide saturation distribution are also elaborated. Finally, a proposal into addressing these challenges is presented.
A Preliminary Investigation on Cyclic Steam Stimulation Recovery of Nigerian Heavy Oil
Authors: Ademodi B. , Alade O. S. , Abolarin S. O. , Adelakun S. O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This work presents preliminary investigation on enhanced recovery of Nigerian heavy oil using cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) method. After two cycles of steam stimulation (1.88 wt/wt steam to oil ratio), it was observed that steam at pressure of 20 psig (126°C, 11.3 kgh-1) produced 78% of original oil in place (OOP). The recovery factor was increased to 91% following addition of alkaline solution (20ml, 0.2M NaOH). The average production rates of 0.63 liter/day and 0.83 liter/day were obtained for the system with steam injection only and the system with steam/alkaline addition, respectively.
Petroleum Reserves Growth Trend and Pattern: A Case Study of the Niger Delta Basin in Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley-Akpara Chiamaka , Iledare Omowunmi O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
For the purpose of this paper, reserves growth is classified into three main categories: new pool discoveries, reserves revision and reserves extension. For each category, there are distinct factors affecting positive and residual reserves growth. The paper shows that fiscal/policy incentives, crude oil price and modern technology are necessary conditions to expand petroleum reserves, thereby prolonging the end of petroleum era in Nigeria. The deepwater remain the most promising area for further significant reserves growth. Therefore, the existing Production Sharing Contract (PSC) deepwater field development projects will undoubtedly impact positively to the country's production and reserves blueprint toward the 40 billion and 4.0 MMBBL per day targets by 2020.
A Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulator for Expansion-Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Dele Ismaila. N. , Igbokoyi Alpheus. O. , Babalola Kola 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Regime-specific numerical solutions are valuable in studying the behaviour of reservoir processes both for practical field management and for benchmarking the success of analytical solutions within the regime of interest. In this work, a three-dimensional numerical reservoir simulator is developed for expansion-drive reservoirs. The governing equation is discretized using finite difference approach, method of conjugate gradient with the aid of MATLAB program is used to solve the resulting system of linear equations to obtain cell pressure at every time step. Cumulative production is computed as sum of expansion from each cell and oil production rate is determined until bubble point pressure is reached. The average reservoir pressure is determined as a weighted average based on the stock tank oil that is left in the reservoir, and finally the recovery factor at the bubble point pressure is computed.
Contour plots, with colour map to ease the user's assimilation and interpretation of the simulator results, of reservoir pressure depletion with time were generated for different number of finite-difference grid blocks. The results indicate that the more the number of grid blocks used, the more accurate the numerical solution and the more detailed the description of the reservoir fluid distribution. The plot of average reservoir pressure against time shows a rapid decline in the average reservoir pressure due to the negligible compressibility associated with rock and liquid expansion-drive reservoirs. The estimated oil cumulative production of 236MSTB was recovered in 1180days up to the bubble point using the developed simulator. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of key reservoir parameters on the average reservoir pressure. This work can be used to understand depletion in undersaturated reservoirs both for commercial field management and for validating new analytical solutions.
Estimation of Anhydrous Oil Density for Accurate Multiphase Flow Measurement: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Mmata Bella , Onyekonwu Mike 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The anhydrous oil density at flow line conditions is a key input parameter needed for accurate measurement of volumetric flow rates of the individual phases in a multiphase production stream (as in Coriolis multiphase flow meters). Accurate multiphase flow measurement in turn enables proper well and reservoir management, production optimization, fiscal allocation, unitization, volume record and custody transfer at pipeline station or port terminals.
Laboratory experiment provides the most accurate method of evaluating the value of the anhydrous oil density. However, whenever direct laboratory measurements are lacking, empirical correlations can be used to estimate this oil density at prevailing flow line temperature and pressure.
This paper compares experimentally measured oil densities of nine flow line samples from some offshore wells in the Niger Delta region with oil densities obtained from four different correlations. The Katz and the Standing correlations which have limited data input yielded root mean square errors (RMSE) of 2.9% and 3.1% respectively, while two other correlations based on composition namely the Standing-Katz and Alani-Kennedy correlations yielded higher RMSE values of 8.6% and 10.8% respectively. The use of the Katz correlation is therefore suggested in the absence of experimentally measured oil densities at flow line conditions for reservoir fluids with similar properties as those which were studied.
Z Factor: Implicit Correlation, Convergence Problem and Pseudo-Reduced Compressibility
Authors: Kareem Lateef A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Compressibility factor (z-factor) of gasses is a thermodynamic property used to account for the deviation of real gas deviation from the ideal gas behavior. The best correlations for this factor given by Hall and Yarborough, Dranchuk & Abou-Kassem and Dranchuk, Purvis & Robinson are based on nonlinear equation of state requiring iterative solution.
It is not uncommon for nonlinear equations to have multiple roots, hence, Newton-Raphson often fail to converge or converges on the undesired root of these equations. This unstable behavior of iterative procedure requires that the initial guess is set close to the desired root to ensure convergence.
Here we examine the residual equations of the reduced densities of these correlations and set the criteria for the determination of the initial guess as function of the reduced temperature (1.05 ≤ Tpr ≤ 3) and pressure (0.2 ≤ Ppr ≤ 15), we retuned the coefficients using 5940 experimental data points from Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering and also derived the reduced compressibility equation based on these three correlations.
Engineered Approach Enables Successful Cementation of 4.5-in. Liner in a Hostile Down-Hole Environment
Authors: Ilesanmi Oluwagbemiga , Hilal Bashar , Gill Stephen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A 4 ½-in. liner cementation in a high-profile exploratory well was executed for a major onshore operator in UAE in a challenging environment.
More recently, a 4 ½-in. liner was cemented in a 6-in. vertical hole at a depth of 11,930 ft across the Arab and Diyab formations. Corrosive substances, including high concentrations of CO2 & H2S, were present in this well. The H2S level was expected to be as high as 340,000 ppm and the CO2 around 12,000,000 ppm. Adding to the complexity, the BHT of the well was 345 deg. F.
This extremely challenging and hostile down-hole environment was addressed by using a “fit for purpose” CO2/H2S-resistant cement system designed to isolate the targeted zone and ensure the integrity of the wellbore for the entire life of the well.
The margin between the open-hole fracture pressure and the maximum predicted ECD in the wellbore during the job was extremely tight, and losses were to be expected. In an attempt to offset this, a proprietary lost circulation spacer was pumped ahead of the CO2/H2S-resistant cement system to mitigate the potential for losses and control any additional induced losses while cementing. The spacer had the dual capability of maximizing hole cleaning and strengthening the formation face in the wellbore ahead of the heavy 16.7 ppg (125 pcf) cement slurry.
Software was used to optimize the ECD, centralizer spacing and drag/torque calculations based on the available data received from the customer. In addition, temperature modeling was performed to improve the prediction of wellbore and formation temperatures during fluid circulation and cement slurry placement.
This paper will address the procedures followed from the slurry and spacer design phases through to the placement of the cement slurry that ultimately led to the successful execution of the job.
From an operational and technical standpoint the job was considered a success in that it met all the objectives identified and defined during the well planning stage. The well was logged approximately 48 hours after the cementing operation and the cement bond log was judged to be good and was accepted by the operator.