bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Metal–Organic Frameworks through the Postsynthetic Transformation of Olefin Side Groups
Authors: Hindelang Konrad , Kronast Alexander , Vagin Sergei I. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor the first time, the adaptability of the CC double bond as a versatile precursor for the postsynthetic modification (PSM) of microporous materials was extensively investigated and evaluated. Therefore, an olefin‐tagged 4,4′‐bipyridine linker was synthesized and successfully introduced as pillar linker within a 9,10‐triptycenedicarboxylate (TDC) zinc paddle‐wheel metal–organic framework (MOF) through microwave‐assisted synthesis. Different reactions, predominately used in organic chemistry, were tested, leading to the development of new postsynthetic reactions for the functionalization of solid materials. The postsynthetic oxidation of the olefin side groups applying osmium tetroxide (OsO4) as a catalyst led to the formation of a microporous material with free vicinal diol functionalities. The epoxidation with dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) enabled the synthesis of epoxy‐functionalized MOFs. In addition to that, reaction procedures for a postsynthetic hydroboration with borane dimethyl sulfide as well as a photoinduced thiol–ene click reaction with ethyl mercaptan were developed. For all of these PSMs, yields of more than 90 % were obtained, entirely maintaining the crystallinity of the MOFs. Since the direct introduction of the corresponding groups by means of pre‐synthetic approaches is hardly possible, these new PSMs are useful tools for the functionalization of porous solids towards applications such as selective adsorption, separation, and catalysis.
Morphology of the olivocerebellar projection of the chick: An axonal reconstruction study
Authors: Sasamura Kazuma , Ohki‐Hamazaki Hiroko , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe projection pattern of the olivocerebellar (OC) axons, which terminate mainly as climbing fibers (CFs) in the cerebellar cortex, tightly reflects the compartmental and developmental organization of the cerebellum as revealed by mapping and reconstruction studies in the rat. The avian cerebellum is well lobulated and longitudinally compartmentalized like the mammalian cerebellum. However, the projection pattern of the OC axons has not been studied in detail for most areas of the avian cerebellum. In the present study, we reconstructed labeled chick OC axons resulting from a small focal injection of biotinylated dextran amine into the inferior olive to investigate their morphological characteristics, and to determine their relationship to the general morphology of the chick cerebellum. Labeled CFs were distributed basically in a single longitudinally elongated narrow band‐shaped area in lobules I–VIII, but in multiple, transversely widened, band‐shaped areas in lobules IX–X. Three of the four reconstructed OC axons terminated in a single longitudinally band‐shaped area in lobules IXa–c, whereas the other one terminated in multiple mediolaterally separated areas in lobule IXc, which is part of the flocculus. Single OC axons branched into 14 CFs on average. Two CFs occasionally merged to form a single terminal arbor. Axons also had thin, non‐CF collaterals that projected either to a cerebellar nucleus or to the cortex. The results indicate that the morphological characteristics of OC axons, including branching and termination, are basically conserved between the chick and the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3321–3339, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monosynaptic convergence of chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal afferents onto ascending relay neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: A high‐resolution confocal and correlative electron microscopy approach
Authors: Corson James A. , Erisir Alev 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPhysiological studies suggest convergence of chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal afferent axons onto single neurons of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNTS), but anatomical evidence has been elusive. The current study uses high‐magnification confocal microscopy to identify putative synaptic contacts from afferent fibers of the two nerves onto individual projection neurons. Imaged tissue is revisualized with electron microscopy, confirming that overlapping fluorescent signals in confocal z‐stacks accurately identify appositions between labeled terminal and dendrite pairs. Monte Carlo modeling reveals that the probability of overlapping fluorophores is stochastically unrelated to the density of afferent label, suggesting that convergent innervation in the rNTS is selective rather than opportunistic. Putative synaptic contacts from each nerve are often compartmentalized onto dendrite segments of convergently innervated neurons. These results have important implications for orosensory processing in the rNTS, and the techniques presented here have applications in investigations of neural microcircuitry with an emphasis on innervation patterning. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 2907–2926, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Sorbents with Scaffold‐like CaAl Layered Double Hydroxides as Precursors for CO2 Capture at High Temperatures
Authors: Chang Po‐Hsueh , Lee Tai‐Jung , Chang Yen‐Po , Chen San‐Yuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA highly stable high‐temperature CO2 sorbent consisting of scaffold‐like Ca‐rich oxides (CaAlO) with rapid absorption kinetics and a high capacity is described. The Ca‐rich oxides were prepared by annealing CaAlNO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors through a sol–gel process with Al(OiP)3 and Ca(NO3)2 with Ca2+/Al3+ ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 7:1. XRD indicated that only LDH powders were formed for Ca2+/Al3+ ratios of 2:1. However, both LDH and Ca(OH)2 phases were produced at higher ratios. Both TEM and SEM observations indicated that the CaAlNO3 LDHs displayed a scaffold‐like porous structure morphology rather than platelet‐like particles. Upon annealing at 600 °C, a highly stable porous network structure of the CaO‐based CaAlO mixed oxide (CAMO), composed of CaO and Ca12Al14O33, was still present. The CAMO exhibited high specific surface areas (up to 191 m2 g−1) and a pore size distribution of 3–6 nm, which allowed rapid diffusion of CO2 into the interior of the material, inducing fast carbonation/calcination and enhancing the sintering‐resistant nature over multiple carbonation/calcination cycles for CO2 absorption at 700 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that a CO2 capture capacity of approximately 49 wt % could be obtained with rapid absorption from the porous 7:1 CAMO sorbents by carbonation at 700 °C for 5 min. Also, 94–98 % of the initial CO2 capture capability was retained after 50 cycles of multiple carbonation/calcination tests. Therefore, the CAMO framework is a good isolator for preventing the aggregation of CaO particles, and it is suitable for long‐term cyclic operation in high‐temperature environments.
Catalytic Characteristics of AgCu Bimetallic Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shin Kihyun , Kim Da Hye , Lee Hyuck Mo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntensive research on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts has been undertaken to find a Pt substitute or reduce the amount of Pt. Ag nanoparticles are potential Pt substitutes; however, the weak oxygen adsorption energy of Ag prompted investigation of other catalysts. Herein, we prepared AgCu bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) systems to improve the catalytic performance and compared the catalytic performance of Ag, Cu, AgCu (core–shell), and AgCu (alloy) NP systems as new catalyst by investigating the adsorption energy of oxygen and the activation energy of oxygen dissociation, which is known to be the rate‐determining step of ORR. By analyzing HOMO‐level isosurfaces of metal NPs and oxygen, we found that the adsorption sites and the oxygen adsorption energies varied with different configurations of NPs. We then plotted the oxygen adsorption energies against the energy barrier of oxygen dissociation to determine the catalytic performance. AgCu (alloy) and Cu NPs exhibited strong adsorption energies and low activation‐energy barriers. However, the overly strong oxygen adsorption energy of Cu NPs hindered the ORR.
Pseudocapacitive Hausmannite Nanoparticles with (101) Facets: Synthesis, Characterization, and Charge‐Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Yeager Matthew P. , Du Wenxin , Wang Qi , Deskins N. Aaron , Sullivan Matthew , Bishop Brendan , Su Dong , Xu Wenqian , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Si Rui , Hanson Jonathan , Teng Xiaowei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHausmannite Mn3O4 octahedral nanoparticles of 18.3±7.0 nm with (101) facets have been prepared by an oxygen‐mediated growth. The electrochemical properties of the Mn3O4 particles as pseudocapacitive cathode materials were characterized both in half‐cells and in button‐cells. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles exhibited a high mass‐specific capacitance of 261 F g−1, which was calculated from cyclic voltammetry analyses, and a capacitive retention of 78 % after 10 000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. The charge‐transfer mechanisms of the Mn3O4 nanoparticles were further studied by using synchrotron‐based in situ X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and XRD. Both measurements showed concurrently that throughout the potential window of 0–1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), a stable spinel structure of Mn3O4 remained, and a reversible electrochemical conversion between tetrahedral [MnIIO4] and octahedral [MnIIIO6] units accounted for the redox activity. Density functional theory calculations further corroborated this mechanism by confirming the enhanced redox stability afforded by the abundant and exposed (101) facets of Mn3O4 octahedra.
Fair cut‐off prioritisation scheme for voice calls in mobile broadband systems
Authors: Vassileva N. , Koucheryavy Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdvanced mobile communication systems have adopted the adaptive modulation and coding technique because it enables efficient use of the scarce radio resources. The resultant time‐varying resource environment, however, is challenging for guaranteeing quality of service to fixed rate traffic with hard delay constraints such as voice. A fair cut‐off prioritisation scheme that addresses both forced call interruption due to insufficient resources and call unfairness (high disparity between blocking as well as dropping probabilities) due to random propagation conditions is devised. The proposed scheme guarantees full fairness without sacrificing system communication capacity as demonstrated by numerical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual‐based turbulence models for moving boundary flows: hierarchical application of variational multiscale method and three‐level scale separation
Authors: Masud Arif , Calderer Ramon 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents residual‐based turbulence models for problems with moving boundaries and interfaces. The method is developed via a hierarchical application of variational multiscale ideas and the models are cast in an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) frame to accommodate the deformation of domain boundaries. An overlapping additive decomposition of velocity and pressure fields into coarse and fine scale components leads to coarse and fine scale mixed‐field problems. The problem governing fine scales is subjected to a further decomposition of the fine scale velocity into overlapping components termed as fine scales level I and level II. In turn, in the bottom‐up integration of scales, the model for level II fine scales serves to stabilize the problem governing level I fine scales, and model for level I fields yields the turbulence models. From the computational perspective, the coarse scales are represented in terms of the standard Lagrange shape functions, whereas level I and level II scales are represented via quadratic and fourth order polynomial bubbles, respectively. Because of the bubble functions approach employed in the consistently derived fine scale models, the resulting method is free of any embedded or tunable parameters. The proposed turbulence models share a common feature with the LES models in that the largest scales in the flow are numerically resolved, whereas the subgrid scales are modeled. The method is applied to flow around a plunging airfoil at Re = 40,000, and results are compared with experimental and numerical data published in the literature. Also presented are the results for the plunging airfoil at Re = 60,000 to show the robustness and range of applicability of the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of outer‐rise faulting in oceanic‐continental subduction systems
Authors: Naliboff John B. , Billen Magali I. , Gerya Taras , Saunders Jessie 
Published: May 2013

Key Points

Outer‐rise faulting is sensitive to plate age, velocity and slab pull
Plate‐boundary coupling strongly influences outer‐rise stress state
Rheology has comparatively little influence on faulting patterns
Expression of c‐fos in hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus in vivo
Authors: Duffy Aine M. , Schaner Michael J. , Chin Jeannie , Scharfman Helen E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTGranule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) are considered to be quiescent—they rarely fire action potentials. In contrast, the other glutamatergic cell type in the DG, hilar mossy cells (MCs) often have a high level of spontaneous activity based on recordings in hippocampal slices. MCs project to GCs, so activity in MCs could play an important role in activating GCs. Therefore, we investigated whether MCs were active under basal conditions in vivo, using the immediate early gene c‐fos as a tool. We hypothesized that MCs would exhibit c‐fos expression even if rats were examined randomly, under normal housing conditions. Therefore, adult male rats were perfused shortly after removal from their home cage and transfer to the laboratory. Remarkably, most c‐fos immunoreactivity (ir) was in the hilus, especially temporal hippocampus. C‐fos‐ir hilar cells co‐expressed GluR2/3, suggesting that they were MCs. C‐fos‐ir MCs were robust even when the animal was habituated to the investigator and laboratory where they were euthanized. However, c‐fos‐ir in dorsal MCs was reduced under these circumstances, suggesting that ventral and dorsal MCs are functionally distinct. Interestingly, there was an inverse relationship between MC and GC layer c‐fos expression, with little c‐fos expression in the GC layer in ventral sections where MC expression was strong, and the opposite in dorsal hippocampus. The results support the hypothesis that a subset of hilar MCs are spontaneously active in vivo and provide other DG neurons with tonic depolarizing input. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Effects of Still‐Face Interaction on Mothers of Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Hsu Hui‐Chin , Jeng Suh‐Fang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of still‐face interaction on the affect, behavior, and perception in mothers of term and low‐birth‐weight preterm (gestational age <37 weeks and birth weight < 2,500g) infants. Thirty‐five Taiwanese mothers and their healthy 2‐month‐old term and low‐birth‐weight preterm (corrected age) infants participated in the maternal still‐face procedure. Mothers' perceptions of infant affect, their own affective experience, and parenting efficacy were obtained via video‐playback interviews. Infant affect, maternal affect, and maternal behavior were also coded from videos using fine‐grained behavioral coding strategies. Overall, the results showed that the perturbation of still‐face interaction differentially affected the affect, behavior, and perception of mothers of term and preterm infants. Mothers of term, not preterm, infants accurately reported the still‐face effect on their infants' affect. Although both groups of mothers reported similar changes in their affective experience that resembled the classic still‐face effect on infants, mothers of term, not preterm, infants were observed to decrease their positive affect from before to after the still‐face interaction. Furthermore, although neither groups of mothers did change their perceived and observed parenting efficacy from before to after the still‐face interaction, mothers of term infants demonstrated greater responsive engagement than mothers of preterm infants. Finally, mothers' perceived affective positivity predicted perceived parenting efficacy both before and after the still‐face interaction, after controlling for infant birth status and infant affective positivity perceived by mothers. The differential response in mothers of preterm infants indicated the needs for intervention.
Comparison of pain‐resilient working individuals to population‐based case controls with/without momentary low back pain
Authors: Salathé C. Rolli , Melloh M. , Kälin W. , Semmer N.K. , Roth M. , Müller U. , Elfering A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the 20% of individuals who never experience an episode of low back pain (LBP). To date, no investigation has been undertaken that examines a group who claim to have never experienced LBP in their lifetime in comparison to two population‐based case–control groups with and without momentary LBP. This study investigates whether LBP‐resilient workers between 50 and 65 years had better general health, demonstrated more positive health behaviour and were better able to achieve routine activities compared with both case–control groups.MethodsForty‐two LBP‐resilient participants completed the same pain assessment questionnaire as a population‐based LBP sample from a nationwide, large‐scale cross‐sectional survey in Switzerland. The LBP‐resilient participants were pairwise compared to the propensity score‐matched case controls by exploring differences in demographic and work characteristics, and by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes. A discriminant analysis explored group differences, while the multiple logistic regression analysis specified single indicators which accounted for group differences.ResultsLBP‐resilient participants were healthier than the case controls with momentary LBP and achieved routine activities more easily. Compared to controls without momentary LBP, LBP‐resilient participants had a higher vitality, a lower workload, a healthier attitude towards health and behaved more healthily by drinking less alcohol.ConclusionsBy demonstrating a difference between LBP‐resilient participants and controls without momentary LBP, the question that arises is what additional knowledge can be attained. Three underlying traits seem to be relevant about LBP‐resilient participants: personality, favourable work conditions and subjective attitudes/attributions towards health. These rationales have to be considered with respect to LBP prevention.
Elastin fibers display a versatile microfibril network in articular cartilage depending on the mechanical microenvironments
Authors: He Bo , Wu Jian Ping , Chen Hong Hui , Kirk Thomas Brett , Xu Jiake 
Published: May 2013

AbstractElastin fibers are major extracellular matrix macromolecules that are critical in maintaining the elasticity and resilience of tissues such as blood vessels, lungs and skins. However, the role of elastin in articular cartilage is poorly defined. The present study investigated the organization of elastin fiber in articular cartilage, its relationship to collagen fibers and the architecture of elastin fibers from different mechanical environments by using a kangaroo model. Five morphologies of elastin fibers were identified: Straight fiber, straight fiber with branches, branching fibers directly associated with chondrocyte, wave fiber and fine elastin. The architecture of the elastin network varied significantly with cartilage depth. In the most superficial layer of tibial plateau articular cartilage, dense elastin fibers formed a distinctive cobweb‐like meshwork which was parallel to the cartilage surface. In the superficial zone, elastin fibers were well organized in a preferred orientation which was parallel to collagen fibers. In the deep zone, no detectable elastin fiber was found. Moreover, differences in the organization of elastin fibers were also observed between articular cartilage from the tibial plateau, femoral condyle, and distal humerus. This study unravels the detailed microarchitecture of elastin fibers which display a well‐organized three‐dimensional versatile network in articular cartilage. Our findings imply that elastin fibers may play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity, elasticity, and the mechanical properties of articular cartilage, and that the local mechanical environment affects the architectural development of elastin fibers. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1345–1353, 2013
PtBS‐b‐P4VP and PTMSS‐b‐P4VP Isoporous Integral‐Asymmetric Membranes with High Thermal and Chemical Stability
Authors: Hahn Janina , Filiz Volkan , Rangou Sofia , Lademann Brigitte , Buhr Kristian , Clodt Juliana I. , Jung Adina , Abetz Clarissa , Abetz Volker 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIsoporous integral‐asymmetric membranes of tailor‐made poly(tert‐butylstyrene)‐ and poly(4‐trimethylsilylstyrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers are reported here for the first time. The membrane development involved the optimization of the production process—which is a combination of block copolymer self‐assembly and the non‐solvent induced phase inversion process. The membranes showed an improved thermal and chemical stability compared to previously reported polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) membranes, thus the number of potential application areas for such type of isoporous membranes is increased.
Treatment with topotecan plus cyclophosphamide in children with first relapse of neuroblastoma
Authors: Ashraf Kaleem , Shaikh Furqan , Gibson Paul , Baruchel Sylvain , Irwin Meredith S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundReports of responses and toxicities of salvage therapies for relapsed neuroblastoma are rare and often confounded by effects of additional treatments. Our objective was to describe the outcomes and toxicities for a topotecan and cyclophosphamide (TOPO/CTX) regimen for first relapse or progression of high‐risk neuroblastoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma patients treated between 1999 and 2009 with our standard‐of‐care outpatient TOPO/CTX (0.75 and 250 mg/m2/day × 5 days q3–4 weeks).ResultsTwenty‐seven patients received 343 cycles of TOPO/CTX (median 10 cycles per patient, range 1–32). Most patients (N = 25) had undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Seventeen (63%) patients had an objective response (CR + PR + MR). The 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) after relapse was 11 ± 6% and 3‐year overall survival (OS) after relapse was 33 ± 9%. The median PFS was 1.2 years and the median OS was 2.3 years. Five patients are alive with follow‐up of 3.1–5.5 years. Shorter time from diagnosis to relapse (6–18 months) was associated with shorter OS. The majority of patients experienced chemotherapy delays, transfusions, and febrile neutropenia, including eight bacterial infections. The mean number of hospitalized days was less than one per cycle.ConclusionsTOPO/CTX was well tolerated and resulted in response rates and PFS similar to those reported for patients treated on COG 9462. Our study provides additional toxicity, historical endpoints, and time‐to‐progression data against which new agents and combination therapies using TOPO/CTX as a backbone can be measured. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1636–1641. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.