bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurochemical changes in the innervation of human colonic mesenteric and submucosal blood vessels in Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
Authors: de Fontgalland D. , Brookes S. J. , Gibbins I. , Sia T. C. , Wattchow D. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeurogenic inflammation involves vasodilation, oedema and sensory nerve hypersensitivity. Extrinsic sensory nerves to the intestinal wall mediate these effects and functional subsets of these extrinsic nerves can be characterized by immunohistochemical profiles. In this study such profiles were examined in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsHealthy margins from cancer patients were compared to specimens from IBD patients. All nerve fibres were labelled by PGP 9.5. Double and triple labelling with TH, NPY, SP, SOM, NOS, VIP, VAChT, CGRP, TRPv1 were performed. Perivascular nerve fibres in the mesentery, and submucosa, were examined. The percentage of all labelled nerve fibres was calculated with a transect method.Key ResultsTotal number of varicosities on mesenteric vessels increased in IBD but decreased around submucosal vessels. The percentage of nerve fibres around submucosal arteries labelled by SP increased from 11% in controls to 20% (UC) and 24% (CD) and mesenteric artery nerve fibres were unchanged. Nerve fibres labelled by SOM were markedly reduced surrounding submucosal arteries, from 22% to 1% (UC) and 2% (CD), but not perivascular mesenteric nerve fibres. 87 to 93% of SP immunoreactive nerve fibres were also reactive for TRvP1. TRPv1 labelling without SP was 12%in controls and increased to 40% in CD submucosal specimens.Conclusions & InferencesThere is an increase in SP and TRPv1, and a reduction in SOM immunoreactive nerve fibres in IBD. Changes in the perivascular functional nerve subclasses may underlie the hyperaemia, and ulceration, characteristic of IBD. Furthermore, pain may relate to underlying neural changes.
Assessment of oral surgery referrals from primary care to a regional dental hospital
Authors: Halai T. , Yates J.M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the oral surgery referrals from primary to secondary care, treatment outcomes and appropriateness of referrals. Analysis of the patients referred also enabled assessment of the suitability of teaching provided to dental undergraduates at the University of Manchester.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of a randomised sample of 300 new patient oral surgery referrals to a university dental hospital.ResultsThe age range of patients referred was 17–85 years (median 51 years) and 58% were women. The vast majority (97%) of referrals was from general dental practitioners (GDPs). Twenty different reasons were recorded for referral, with the most common being anticipation of surgical extraction. A significant proportion of treatment was undertaken without complications using local anaesthesia (50%), with 27% and 9% requiring sedation and general anaesthesia, respectively. Eight per cent of patients did not require treatment, whereas 5% were placed under review or referred elsewhere. Fifty‐three per cent of patients reported a medical problem or condition, of which asthma was the most common (14% of all patients). Furthermore, 51% of patients reported taking medication, most frequently salbutamol (12.7% of all patients). Thirty‐four per cent of referrals were considered inappropriate.ConclusionThere was a relatively high rate of inappropriate referrals to secondary care. Increased understanding by GDPs of case complexity, and surgical and medical prognostic indicators could enable more patients to undergo treatment in primary care. The surgical difficulty and medical conditions of the patients evaluated appeared to be addressed in undergraduate teaching, but supplementary targeted training to GDPs may help further reduce numbers of referrals.
Growth Hormone Replacement in Patients with PHACE Association and Hypopituitarism
Authors: Uihlein Lily C. , Garzon Maria C. , Goodwin Gregory , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPartially empty sella with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is rarely reported in association with PHACE (posterior fossa anomalies, cervicofacial infantile hemangiomas [IHs], arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye anomalies, and midline/ventral defects). Consequently, little is known about the effect of GH replacement on the proliferation and involution of IHs in children with PHACE. We describe two children with PHACE and partially empty sella, both of whom received GH replacement for treatment of hypopituitarism. In our first patient we observed erythema and prominence of the vasculature in the hemangioma shortly after initiation of therapy at age 20 months, although after 4 weeks of treatment the appearance of the hemangioma stabilized and little change was seen during eight additional years of therapy. In our second patient we noted enlargement of the hemangioma after starting low‐dose GH at age 5 years, prompting discontinuation of GH replacement after 3 months of therapy. The hemangiomas continued to grow after discontinuation of GH treatment. GH administration in our patients was associated with erythema and prominence of IHs. Our findings suggest that GH replacement therapy may promote transient or more prolonged proliferation of IHs and should be administered with close clinical monitoring.
Sinus Pericranii with a Hair Collar Sign
Authors: Cheraghi Nikoo , Delano Sophia , Csikesz Courtney , Dundamadappa Sathish , Wiss Karen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSinus pericranii is a rare vascular malformation in which the extracranial veins are connected to the intracranial venous circulation. It typically appears as a soft mass with a blue hue on the scalp. We describe a patient with sinus pericranii and associated hair collar sign.
The unstable core of global finance: Contingent valuation and governance of international accounting standards
Authors: Mügge Daniel , Stellinga Bart 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccounting standards are the foundations of the financial regulatory edifice, and global financial governance is no more stable than the asset valuations that feed it. Yet for two decades and up to this day, no international accounting rule for financial instruments – the bulk of banks' balance sheets – has emerged that was more than a temporary fix, to be succeeded by further reforms. We show how banking regulators have been central to this dynamic and how their support for applying fair value accounting to financial instruments, the cornerstone of regulatory debate, has oscillated throughout the whole period. The two common international political economy approaches to global financial governance, which analyze it either as interest‐based bargaining or as ideas‐driven expert governance, fail to account for this pattern. In contrast, we show how the contingency of financial valuations itself has made it impossible for regulators to embrace or reject a stable set of accounting rules.
Sustainability in nursing: a concept analysis
Authors: Anåker Anna , Elf Marie 
Published: March 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to describe, explore and explain the concept of sustainability in nursing.BackgroundAlthough researchers in nursing and medicine have emphasised the issue of sustainability and health, the concept of sustainability in nursing is undefined and poorly researched. A need exists for theoretical and empirical studies of sustainability in nursing.DesignConcept analysis as developed by Walker and Avant.MethodData were derived from dictionaries, international healthcare organisations and literature searches in the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases. Inclusive years for the search ranged from 1990 to 2012. A total of fourteen articles were found that referred to sustainability in nursing.ResultsSustainability in nursing involves six defining attributes: ecology, environment, future, globalism, holism and maintenance. Antecedents of sustainability require climate change, environmental impact and awareness, confidence in the future, responsibility and a willingness to change. Consequences of sustainability in nursing include education in the areas of ecology, environment and sustainable development as well as sustainability as a part of nursing academic programs and in the description of the academic subject of nursing. Sustainability should also be part of national and international healthcare organisations. The concept was clarified herein by giving it a definition.ConclusionSustainability in nursing was explored and found to contribute to sustainable development, with the ultimate goal of maintaining an environment that does not harm current and future generations' opportunities for good health. This concept analysis provides recommendations for the healthcare sector to incorporate sustainability and provides recommendations for future research.
American Opinion Toward Jews During the Nazi Era: Results from Quota Sample Polling During the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Welch Susan 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveWe investigate Americans’ opinions about European and American Jews between 1938 and 1945, the period from the height of Nazi domestic power to the end of the war in Europe.MethodsSeveral surveys of U.S. public opinion between 1938 and 1945, reweighted to reflect national population parameters, were examined to uncover both aggregate patterns of responses and predictors of pro‐ and anti‐Jewish sentiment.ResultsWe find that individuals’ social status, gender, partisan learning, and, to some extent, region affected their views on Jewish Americans and on European Jews.ConclusionRoosevelt's policies of speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, but yet doing nothing to facilitate more Jews to enter the United States as refugees, reflected the complexities of Americans’ opinions about Jews here and abroad but led to failure to provide a safe haven for those thousands of Jewish refugees who might have fled before the war.
Recognition of floral homeotic MADS domain transcription factors by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen, induces phyllody
Authors: Maejima Kensaku , Iwai Ryo , Himeno Misako , Komatsu Ken , Kitazawa Yugo , Fujita Naoko , Ishikawa Kazuya , Fukuoka Misato , Minato Nami , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Oshima Kenro , Namba Shigetou 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPlant pathogens alter the course of plant developmental processes, resulting in abnormal morphology in infected host plants. Phytoplasmas are unique plant‐pathogenic bacteria that transform plant floral organs into leaf‐like structures and cause the emergence of secondary flowers. These distinctive symptoms have attracted considerable interest for many years. Here, we revealed the molecular mechanisms of the floral symptoms by focusing on a phytoplasma‐secreted protein, PHYL1, which induces morphological changes in flowers that are similar to those seen in phytoplasma‐infected plants. PHYL1 is a homolog of the phytoplasmal effector SAP54 that also alters floral development. Using yeast two‐hybrid and in planta transient co‐expression assays, we found that PHYL1 interacts with and degrades the floral homeotic MADS domain proteins SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL). This degradation of MADS domain proteins was dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The expression of floral development genes downstream of SEP3 and AP1 was disrupted in 35S::PHYL1 transgenic plants. PHYL1 was genetically and functionally conserved among other phytoplasma strains and species. We designate PHYL1, SAP54 and their homologs as members of the phyllody‐inducing gene family of ‘phyllogens’.
Pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in algae
Authors: Frenkel Johannes , Vyverman Wim , Pohnert Georg 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAlgae are found in all aquatic and many terrestrial habitats. They are dominant in phytoplankton and biofilms thereby contributing massively to global primary production. Since algae comprise photosynthetic representatives of the various protoctist groups their physiology and appearance is highly diverse. This diversity is also mirrored in their characteristic life cycles that exhibit various facets of ploidy and duration of the asexual phase as well as gamete morphology. Nevertheless, sexual reproduction in unicellular and colonial algae usually has as common motive that two specialized, sexually compatible haploid gametes establish physical contact and fuse. To guarantee mating success, processes during sexual reproduction are highly synchronized and regulated. This review focuses on sex pheromones of algae that play a key role in these processes. Especially, the diversity of sexual strategies as well as of the compounds involved are the focus of this contribution. Discoveries connected to algal pheromone chemistry shed light on the role of key evolutionary processes, including endosymbiotic events and lateral gene transfer, speciation and adaptation at all phylogenetic levels. But progress in this field might also in the future provide valid tools for the manipulation of aquaculture and environmental processes.
Corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses may represent a variant of pellucid marginal degeneration
Authors: Lassaline‐Utter Mary , Gemensky‐Metzler Anne J. , Scherrer Nicole M. , Stoppini Riccardo , Latimer Claire A. , MacLaren Nicole E. , Myrna Kathern E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of a corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses and to analyze affected horses' pedigrees to investigate its heritability.AnimalsNine Friesians with bilateral disease were identified.ProcedureRetrospective medical record review was used to identify Friesian horses exhibiting bilateral symmetric corneal lesions. Variables identified from medical records included patient sex and age at diagnosis; location, depth and size of corneal lesions; medical and surgical therapy instituted; and visual outcome. A four‐generation pedigree for each included horse was used to construct a combined pedigree.ResultsThe nine included horses had an average age at diagnosis of the first eye of 10.7 years, with males (8/9) significantly more frequently affected than females (1/9), P = 0.012. Lesions were inferior and averaged 5 mm in diameter. Depth ranged from superficial facets to perforations, which developed in nine of 18 eyes. Eight of nine perforations were surgically repaired, with seven of eight repaired eyes visual at last follow‐up. All nine eyes that had not perforated remained visual. All affected horses shared a common ancestor within six generations.ConclusionsThis form of corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses, characterized by bilateral symmetric stromal loss, appears to be progressive but responds well to surgical repair, occurs more frequently in males, may have a genetic component in Friesian horses, and may be a variant of pellucid marginal degeneration.
Decentralized Control of Print Registration in Roll-to-Roll Printing Presses
Authors: Seshadri Aravind , Pagilla Prabhakar R. 
Published: March 2014

Roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing is a type of continuous manufacturing process extensively used to produce a wide variety of consumer products, such as plastics, paper, films, non-wovens, textile, etc. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have enabled the possibility of manufacturing electronics on a flexible substrate using R2R printing techniques. Even though the feasibility of printing electronics on flexible substrates has been extensively studied, continuous printing on a moving substrate using R2R techniques has not been adequately investigated. To facilitate progress towards high precision R2R printing, a systematic investigation of the various aspects that affect print quality and ways in which those can be influenced by different control configurations facilitated by choice and location of various components of the print section is necessary.
In this paper we investigate two common control configurations for R2R printing based on the structure of the R2R print section and various components available for control. For these two configurations we develop a state-space model that contains both state and input delays. We propose a decentralized, memoryless, state feedback control law for both control configurations and show the stability of the closed loop systems using frequency domain delay-dependent stability conditions. These control configurations are evaluated and compared using model simulations and discussions on the effectiveness of each strategy are provided.
Bordetella pertussis Proteins Dominating the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Presented Epitope Repertoire in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Stenger Rachel M. , Meiring Hugo D. , Kuipers Betsy , Poelen Martien , van Gaans-van den Brink Jacqueline A. M. , Boog Claire J. P. , de Jong Ad P. J. M. , van Els Cécile A. C. M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTKnowledge of naturally processedBordetella pertussis-specific T cell epitopes may help to increase our understanding of the basis of cell-mediated immune mechanisms to control this reemerging pathogen. Here, we elucidate for the first time the dominant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presentedB. pertussisCD4+T cell epitopes, expressed on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) after the processing of whole bacterial cells by use of a platform of immunoproteomics technology. Pertussis epitopes identified in the context of HLA-DR molecules were derived from two envelope proteins, i.e., putative periplasmic protein (PPP) and putative peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL), and from two cytosolic proteins, i.e., 10-kDa chaperonin groES protein (groES) and adenylosuccinate synthetase (ASS). No epitopes were detectable from known virulence factors. CD4+T cell responsiveness in healthy adults against peptide pools representing epitope regions or full proteins confirmed the immunogenicity of PAL, PPP, groES, and ASS. Elevated lymphoproliferative activity to PPP, groES, and ASS in subjects within a year after the diagnosis of symptomatic pertussis suggested immunogenic exposure to these proteins during clinical infection. The PAL-, PPP-, groES-, and ASS-specific responses were associated with secretion of functional Th1 (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and Th2 (interleukin 5 [IL-5] and IL-13) cytokines. Relative paucity in the naturalB. pertussisepitope display of MDDC, not dominated by epitopes from known protective antigens, can interfere with the effectiveness of immune recognition ofB. pertussis. A more complete understanding of hallmarks inB. pertussis-specific immunity may advance the design of novel immunological assays and prevention strategies.
Clinical Significance and Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Genogroup Isolates from Urine Samples in an Adult Male Population
Authors: Dingle Tanis C. , Clarridge Jill E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The occurrence and significance of
Haemophilus
spp. isolated from the genitourinary tract are not well known. Herein, we describe the clinical significance and characteristics of
Haemophilus influenzae
type b genogroup strains isolated from genitourinary tract specimens from an adult male veteran patient population and, in particular, their associations with prostatitis and epididymitis.
Implication of the Bacterial Endosymbiont Rickettsia spp. in Interactions of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Authors: Kliot Adi , Cilia Michelle , Czosnek Henryk , Ghanim Murad 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Numerous animal and plant viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors in a persistent, circulative manner.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
(TYLCV) is transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly
Bemisia tabaci
. We report here that infection with
Rickettsia
spp., a facultative endosymbiont of whiteflies, altered TYLCV-
B. tabaci
interactions. A
B. tabaci
strain infected with
Rickettsia
acquired more TYLCV from infected plants, retained the virus longer, and exhibited nearly double the transmission efficiency compared to an uninfected
B. tabaci
strain with the same genetic background. Temporal and spatial antagonistic relationships were discovered between
Rickettsia
and TYLCV within the whitefly. In different time course experiments, the levels of virus and
Rickettsia
within the insect were inversely correlated. Fluorescence
in situ
hybridization analysis of
Rickettsia
-infected midguts provided evidence for niche exclusion between
Rickettsia
and TYLCV. In particular, high levels of the bacterium in the midgut resulted in higher virus concentrations in the filter chamber, a favored site for virus translocation along the transmission pathway, whereas low levels of
Rickettsia
in the midgut resulted in an even distribution of the virus. Taken together, these results indicate that
Rickettsia
, by infecting the midgut, increases TYLCV transmission efficacy, adding further insights into the complex association between persistent plant viruses, their insect vectors, and microorganism tenants that reside within these insects.

IMPORTANCE
Interest in bacterial endosymbionts in arthropods and many aspects of their host biology in agricultural and human health systems has been increasing. A recent and relevant studied example is the influence of
Wolbachia
on dengue virus transmission by mosquitoes. In parallel with our recently studied whitefly-
Rickettsia
-TYLCV system, other studies have shown that dengue virus levels in the mosquito vector are inversely correlated with bacterial load. Our work here presents evidence of unifying principles between vectors of plant and animal viruses in a role for endosymbionts in manipulating vector biology and pathogen transmission. Our results demonstrate the influence of an interesting and prominent bacterial endosymbiont in
Bemisia tabaci
in TYLCV transmission, a worldwide disease infecting tomatoes. Besides its agricultural importance, this system provides interesting insights into
Bemisia
interaction with these newly discovered endosymbionts.
The Chicken Adenovirus Gam1 Protein, an Inhibitor of the Sumoylation Pathway, Partially Complements ICP0-Null Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Authors: Everett Roger D. , Chiocca Susanna , Orr Anne 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein ICP0 stimulates efficient infection via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that causes degradation of several cellular proteins, some of which are sumoylated. Chicken adenovirus Gam1 protein also interferes with the sumoylation pathway, and both proteins disrupt promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs). We report that Gam1 increases the infection efficiency of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 by approximately 100-fold, thus strengthening the hypothesis that PML NB- and sumoylation-related mechanisms are important factors in the control of HSV-1 infection.