bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonadal Steroids Differentially Modulate the Actions of Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin at A Physiologically Relevant Circuit Controlling Female Sexual Receptivity
Authors: Borgquist A. , Rivas V. M. , Kachani M. , Sinchak K. , Wagner E. J. 
Published: March 2014

Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) inhibits the activity of pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) that regulate female sexual behaviour and energy balance. We tested the hypothesis that gonadal steroids differentially modulate the ability of OFQ/N to inhibit these cells via presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release and postsynaptic activation of G protein‐gated, inwardly‐rectifying K+ (GIRK)‐1 channels. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices prepared from ovariectomised rats. OFQ/N (1 μm) decreased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), and also caused a robust outward current in the presence of tetrodotoxin, in ARH neurones from vehicle‐treated animals. A priming dose of oestradiol benzoate (EB; 2 μg) increased basal mEPSC frequency, markedly diminished both the OFQ/N‐induced decrease in mEPSC frequency and the activation of GIRK‐1 currents, and potentiated the OFQ/N‐induced decrease in mIPSC frequency. Steroid treatment regimens that facilitate sexual receptivity reinstate the basal mEPSC frequency, the OFQ/N‐induced decrease in mEPSC frequency and the activation of GIRK‐1 currents to levels observed in vehicle‐treated controls, and largely abolish the ability of OFQ/N to decrease mIPSC frequency. These effects were observed in an appreciable population of identified POMC neurones, almost one‐half of which projected to the medial preoptic nucleus. Taken together, these data reveal that gonadal steroids influence the pleiotropic actions of OFQ/N on ARH neurones, including POMC neurones, in a disparate manner. These temporal changes in OFQ/N responsiveness further implicate this neuropeptide system as a critical mediator of the gonadal steroid regulation of reproductive behaviour.
Knowledge Spillovers and Alliance Formation
Authors: Phene Anupama , Tallman Stephen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOur study examines the conditions under which firms enter into strategic alliances subsequent to knowledge spillovers. We propose that spillovers serve as signals of knowledge dependence and potential complementarity, encouraging alliance formation to enable better learning and limit appropriation. We posit that the likelihood of a knowledge alliance subsequent to a spillover is contingent on the specialization of each of the firms in the knowledge involved in the spillover. We also hypothesize that the effects of such specialization on knowledge alliance formation are moderated by technological ties and geographic distance between the dyad involved in the spillover. Our results demonstrate significance for the effects of specialization, supporting learning and appropriation motivations. Technological ties strengthen while geographic distance weakens the relationship between specialization and alliance formation.
Reasons for failures of oral implants
Authors: Chrcanovic B. R. , Albrektsson T. , Wennerberg A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study reviews the literature regarding the factors contributing to failures of dental implants. An electronic search was undertaken including papers from 2004 onwards. The titles and abstracts from these results were read to identify studies within the selection criteria. All reference lists of the selected studies were then hand‐searched, this time without time restrictions. A narrative review discussed some findings from the first two parts where separate data from non‐comparative studies may have indicated conclusions different from those possible to draw in the systematic analysis. It may be suggested that the following situations are correlated to increase the implant failure rate: a low insertion torque of implants that are planned to be immediately or early loaded, inexperienced surgeons inserting the implants, implant insertion in the maxilla, implant insertion in the posterior region of the jaws, implants in heavy smokers, implant insertion in bone qualities type III and IV, implant insertion in places with small bone volumes, use of shorter length implants, greater number of implants placed per patient, lack of initial implant stability, use of cylindrical (non‐threaded) implants and prosthetic rehabilitation with implant‐supported overdentures. Moreover, it may be suggested that the following situations may be correlated with an increase in the implant failure rate: use of the non‐submerged technique, immediate loading, implant insertion in fresh extraction sockets, smaller diameter implants. Some recently published studies suggest that modern, moderately rough implants may present with similar results irrespective if placed in maxillas, in smoking patients or using only short implants.
Determination of a pressure pain threshold cut‐off value for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint arthralgia
Authors: Cunha C. O. , Pinto‐Fiamengui L. M. S. , Castro A. C. P. C. , Lauris J. R. P. , Conti P. C. R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are divided by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain into five categories. The most common ones are joint pain, as arthralgia and joint disorders, as disc displacements. An important clinical presentation of arthralgia is the painful tenderness to manual palpation or decreased pressure pain threshold (PPT). The authors conducted a study to determine the appropriate PPT value to discriminate asymptomatic TMJ individuals from those with moderate to severe arthralgia. Forty‐nine individuals was evaluated and divided into groups: TMJ arthralgia, asymptomatic disc displacement and control group. Magnetic resonance images were obtained for all the groups, and algometry was performed on the TMJ lateral pole. Patients with arthralgia filled out a visual analogue scale (VAS). anova test with 1% of significance analysed the data. Specificity, sensitivity and ROC curve were also determined. Arthralgia group had significant lower PPT (mean of 1·07 kgf cm−2) than the others. Asymptomatic disc displacement group (mean of 1·64 kgf cm−2) has shown significant lower PPT than the control (mean of 2·35 kgf cm−2). 89·66% of specificity and 70% of sensitivity were obtained when 1·36 kgf cm−2 was applied to the TMJ (ROC area = 0·90). This value was considered to be the most appropriate to detected moderate to severe TMJ arthralgia. Indeed, the presence of disc displacement seems to significantly decrease PPT levels in asymptomatic subjects. The PPT value of 1·36 kgf cm−2 can be used in the calibration procedures of the professionals involved with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain.
Comparative Value of a Sorting Procedure and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Processing Parameters: Case Study of Hydrolysate Production From Salmon By‐Products
Authors: Cardinal Mireille , Baron Régis , Kouakou Christelle , Prost Carole , Courcoux Philippe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany papers have recently discussed the value of a free sorting method as a rapid and simple alternative to quantitative descriptive analysis, considered the reference tool for food sensorial characterization. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate whether this method of free sorting can also be used to investigate the influence of processing parameters. An experimental design was applied to production conditions of enzymatic hydrolysates from salmon by‐products. The effect of four processing parameters (time and temperature of hydrolysis, sugar and antioxidant addition) on the odor of the hydrolysates was studied using a sorting task with 45 untrained panelists and a quantitative descriptive analysis carried out with 11 trained panelists. This study on 21 enzymatic hydrolysates confirms the similarity of the two sensory maps and shows the value of free sorting in the sensory characteristic description step, especially to avoid missing some descriptors. It also highlights in this example that a holistic approach as sorting can reveal more easily than profiling the significant effects of process parameters on sensory characteristics and the relationships between sensory dimensions and instrumental measurements of volatile compounds.Practical ApplicationsHaving a rapid and simple method to evaluate the sensory properties of food products and to investigate the effect of processing parameters could be useful during product development steps. Results from the present case study showed that compared with quantitative and descriptive analysis, the holistic approach of sorting task could clearly relate sensory characteristics to processing parameters and seemed efficient for industrial applications and product development.
Childhood obesity prevention: a review of school nurse perceptions and practices
Authors: Quelly Susan B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this review is to examine key school nurse perceptions that may promote or deter school nurse involvement in childhood obesity prevention (COP) practices.ConclusionsTen research articles were identified through a systematic review of the literature. School nurse participation in COP is inconsistent, and this variation is not well understood. Some variations in COP practices may be explained by differences in self‐efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.Practice ImplicationsEfforts are needed to develop and implement interventions and policies to modify those perceptions that may promote school nurse active engagement in COP practices.
Health literacy in adolescents: an integrative review
Authors: Perry Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeTo determine the state of the science of health literacy instruments and interventions for use in adolescents.ConclusionsThere is a scarcity of literature regarding health literacy instruments and interventions for adolescents. Ten studies were included in the final table for analysis. One instrument shows high validity and reliability in English. Most interventions are exploratory, with two studies showing significant outcomes.Practice ImplicationsMore research is needed to establish the appropriate evaluation of and effective interventions for health literacy in adolescents.
Differences between Age Groups in the Use of the Temporal Dominance of Sensations Technique across a Range of Food Textures
Authors: Hutchings Scott C. , Foster Kylie D. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Morgenstern Marco P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the use of temporal dominance of sensations methodology (TDS) with older adults is important for food manufacturers targeting products to older consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the use of TDS with food texture between a young (21–29) and an older (55–70) age group across a range of different foods (cheese, chocolate, gelatin gel and shortbread). Total duration of the TDS sequence and the number of attributes used and selected were similar between age groups for all food products. The time to first attribute selection and average time per selection differed between age groups only for some products. Selection rates of each attribute were similar between age groups, with the most notable exception of sticky, which was selected at a greater rate by the younger group. Results show that TDS is an appropriate technique to measure the perception of food texture in older adults.Practical ApplicationsIn Western society, a growing aging population presents an opportunity for food manufacturers to design new food products of specific textures. Developing novel textures for this generation requires an understanding of their perception of the texture of any product under development. This study investigates the validity of the relatively new temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) technique with older and younger subjects using a wide range of food textures, and concludes that TDS can be used effectively with older subjects for the assessment of texture perception.
Does Formal Education for Older Workers Increase Earnings? — Evidence Based on Rich Data and Long‐term Follow‐up
Authors: Stenberg Anders , de Luna Xavier , Westerlund Olle 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGovernments inEurope,Canada and theUSAhave expressed an ambition to stimulate education of older. In this paper, we analyse if there are effects on annual earnings of formal education for participants aged 42–55 at the time of enrolment in 1994–95. The analysis explores longitudinal population register data stretching from 1982 to 2007. The method used is difference‐in‐differences propensity score matching based on a rich set of covariates, including indicators of health and labor market marginalization. Our findings underline the importance of long follow up periods and imply positive effects for women, especially so for women with children, and no significant average earnings effects for men. These results differ from earlier studies but are stable to several alternative assumptions regarding unobservable characteristics. Data further indicate that the gender gap in our estimates may stem from differences in underlying reasons for enrolment.
First detection of endosymbiotic bacteria in biting midges Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus, important Palaearctic vectors of bluetongue virus
Authors: LEWIS S. E. , RICE A. , HURST G. D. D. , BAYLIS M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHeritable bacteria have been highlighted as important components of vector biology, acting as required symbionts with an anabolic role, altering competence for disease transmission, and affecting patterns of gene flow by altering cross compatibility. In this paper, we tested eight U.K. species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) midge for the presence of five genera of endosymbiotic bacteria: Cardinium (Bacteroidales: Bacteroidaceae); Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae); Spiroplasma (Entomoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae); Arsenophonus (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Cardinium spp. were detected in both sexes of Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus, two known vectors of bluetongue virus. Cardinium spp. were not detected in any other species, including the Culicoides obsoletus group, the main vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses in northern Europe. The other endosymbionts were not detected in any Culicoides species. The Cardinium strain detected in U.K. Culicoides species is very closely related to the Candidatus Cardinium hertigii group C, previously identified in Culicoides species in Asia. Further, we infer that the symbiont is not a sex ratio distorter and shows geographic variation in prevalence within a species. Despite its detection in several species of Culicoides that vector arboviruses worldwide, the absence of Cardinium in the C. obsoletus group suggests that infections of these symbionts may not be necessary to the arboviral vector competence of biting midges.
Exploring plant defense theory in tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima
Authors: Heath Jeremy J. , Kessler André , Woebbe Eric , Cipollini Don , Stireman John O. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Understanding the evolutionary reasons for patterns of chemical defense in plants is an ongoing theoretical and empirical challenge. The goal is to develop a model that can reliably predict how defenses are distributed within the plant over space and time. This is difficult given that evolutionary, ecological, and physiological processes and tradeoffs can operate over different spatial and temporal scales.

We evaluated the major predictions of two leading defense theories, the growth‐differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) and optimal defense theory (ODT). To achieve this, enemies, fitness components, terpenoids, and protease inhibitors were measured in Solidago altissima and used to construct conventional univariate and structural equation models (SEMs).

Leaf‐tissue value indices extracted from an SEM revealed a strong correlation between tissue value and terpenoid defense that supports ODT. A tradeoff between serine protease inhibition and growth as well as an indirect tradeoff between growth and terpenoids manifested through galling insects supported the GDBH. Interestingly, there was a strong direct effect of terpenoids on rhizome mass, suggesting service to both storage and defense.

The results support established theories but unknown genotypic traits explained much of the variation in defense, confirming the need to integrate emerging theories such as pollination constraints, defense syndromes, tolerance, mutualisms, and facilitation.
Late Miocene lineage divergence and ecological differentiation of rare endemic Juniperus blancoi: clues for the diversification of North American conifers
Authors: Moreno‐Letelier Alejandra , Mastretta‐Yanes Alicia , Barraclough Timothy G. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Western North America and Mexico contain a large number of conifer species. This diversity could be the product of orographic and climate changes of the late Tertiary and Quaternary. In this study, we focus on the evolutionary history of Juniperus blancoi, in order to determine the impact of climate change and environmental heterogeneity on population differentiation.

We estimated the population structure, phylogenetic relationships and historical demography of J. blancoi populations using nuclear genes. We correlated genetic structure with ecological differentiation, divergence times and changes in population size.

Populations of J. blancoi are differentiated into three lineages that correspond to low‐, mid‐ and high‐altitude populations. The three groups diversified in the late Miocene, early Pliocene, with only a few events of gene flow since then. Two lineages in the north exhibited a pattern of population growth during the Pleistocene that could be linked to climate changes.

Populations of J. blancoi experienced significant ecological differentiation and early divergence events, which correspond to periods of global cooling and mountain uplift during the Miocene. This suggests that mountain ranges in tropical and subtropical latitudes play an important role in the speciation and persistence of conifer taxa in diversity hotspots, by providing diverse environmental conditions.
The performance of pathogenic bacterial phytosensing transgenic tobacco in the field
Authors: Fethe Michael H. , Liu Wusheng , Burris Jason N. , Millwood Reginald J. , Mazarei Mitra , Rudis Mary R. , Yeaman Duncan G. , Dubosquielle Marion , Stewart Charles Neal 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPhytosensors are useful for rapid‐on‐the‐plant detection of contaminants and agents that cause plant stress. Previously, we produced a series of plant pathogen‐inducible synthetic promoters fused to an orange fluorescent protein (OFP) reporter gene and transformed them into tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana plants; in these transgenic lines, an OFP signal is expressed commensurate with the presence of plant pathogens. We report here the results of 2 years of field experiments using a subset of these bacterial phytosensing tobacco plants. Time‐course analysis of field‐grown phytosensors showed that a subset of plants responded predictably to treatments with Pseudomonas phytopathogens. There was a twofold induction in the OFP fluorescence driven by two distinct salicylic acid‐responsive synthetic promoters, 4 × PR1 and 4 × SARE. Most notably, transgenic plants containing 4 × PR1 displayed the earliest and highest OFP induction at 48 and 72 h postinoculation (h p.i.) upon inoculation with two phytopathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and P. syringae pv. tabaci, respectively. These results demonstrate transgenic tobacco harbouring a synthetic inducible promoter‐driven OFP could be used to facilitate monitoring and early‐warning reporting of phytopathogen infections in agricultural fields.
Intermittent Fasting Promotes Bacterial Clearance and Intestinal IgA Production in Salmonella typhimurium‐Infected Mice
Authors: Godínez‐Victoria M. , Campos‐Rodriguez R. , Rivera‐Aguilar V. , Lara‐Padilla E. , Pacheco‐Yepez J. , Jarillo‐Luna R. A. , Drago‐Serrano M. E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe impact of intermittent fasting versus ad libitum feeding during Salmonella typhimurium infection was evaluated in terms of duodenum IgA levels, bacterial clearance and intestinal and extra‐intestinal infection susceptibility. Mice that were intermittently fasted for 12 weeks or fed ad libitum were infected with S. typhimurium and assessed at 7 and 14 days post‐infection. Next, we evaluated bacterial load in the faeces, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver by plate counting, as well as total and specific intestinal IgA and plasmatic corticosterone levels (by immunoenzymatic assay) and lamina propria IgA levels in plasma cells (by cytofluorometry). Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, α‐ and J‐chains, Pax‐5 factor, pro‐inflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ) and anti‐inflammatory cytokine (transforming growth factor‐β) mRNA levels were assessed in mucosal and liver samples (by real‐time PCR). Compared with the infected ad libitum mice, the intermittently fasted infected animals had (1) lower intestinal and systemic bacterial loads; (2) higher SIgA and IgA plasma cell levels; (3) higher mRNA expression of most intestinal parameters; and (4) increased or decreased corticosterone levels on day 7 and 14 post‐infection, respectively. No contribution of liver IgA was observed at the intestinal level. Apparently, the changes following metabolic stress induced by intermittent fasting during food deprivation days increased the resistance to S. typhimurium infection by triggering intestinal IgA production and presumably, pathogen elimination by phagocytic inflammatory cells.
The Syntax of Null Subjects
Authors: Kučerová Ivona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of a group of null‐subject languages in which there is referentialprothat fails to satisfy the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) because it does not move to Spec,TP. Thus, this group of null‐subject languages contrasts with the more familiar type of null‐subject languages, such as Romance and Greek, in which the EPP is always satisfied either byproor a D‐feature in T. To account for the syntactic distribution of null subjects in these languages, some form of the EPP requirement must be taken into account. This empirical observation has consequences for the typology of null‐subject languages and contributes to the growing literature showing that the [± null‐subject] parameter might need to be refined in order to capture the continuum of types of null‐subject languages attested crosslinguistically.