bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role and mechanism of insulin‐like growth factor 2 on the proliferation of human trophoblasts in vitro
Authors: Chen Huiyue , Li Yating , Shi Jia , Song Weiwei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo study the effect and relevant molecular mechanisms of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) on the proliferative activity of first trimester human trophoblasts in vitro.Materials and MethodsExtravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs) were isolated and cultured. Cells were cultured with IGF2 at different concentrations and the proliferative activity was measured using methyl thiazolyl tretrazolium assay. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), was used as an indirect indicator of the possible involvement of the PI3K signal pathway. We tested the apoptosis rate using flow cytometry technology influenced by IGF2 with or without LY294002. The effects of IGF2 on phosphorylation of key cell signaling proteins (protein kinase B [AKT] and phosphorylated AKT) in EVCTs were examined by western blot analysis with or without LY294002.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the IGF2 group above 10 nM and the control group (P < 0.05). LY294002 (10 μM) not only inhibited the proliferative activity of EVCT, but also significantly restrained the effect on EVCTs (P < 0.05). In vitro data proved that the apoptosis rate decreased when IGF2 was added (P < 0.05), but increased when inhibited by LY294002 (P < 0.05). After incubation with IGF2, AKT phosphorylation increased compared to incubation without IGF2 treatment (P < 0.05). LY294002 activation reduced the IGF2‐induced effects (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggest that IGF2 enhances EVCT proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT pathway is an important signaling pathway in the proliferative activity of EVCTs on early human pregnancy in vitro.
Post‐partum hemoperitoneum: Do not miss false aneurysm as a cause of bleeding
Authors: Goupil Jean , Marcellin Pierre‐Jean , Elahee Shafey , Choffel Alexy , Boukerrou Malik 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA 27‐year‐old woman underwent a first vaginal delivery at our institution. She returned four days after delivery, presenting with abdominal pain and an unexplained drop in her hemoglobin value, without external bleeding. The initial computed tomography abdominal scan revealed an isolated diffuse hemoperitoneum. A laparoscopy did not find the cause of bleeding. A second computed tomography scan, performed 15 days later, revealed hemoperitoneum associated with a false aneurysm of the right uterine artery. Treatment consisted of embolization of the uterine arteries, with clinical success. False aneurysms are a rare cause of intra‐abdominal non‐exteriorized bleeding in late post‐partum hemorrhage.
Minimum ovarian stimulation involving combined clomiphene citrate and estradiol treatment for in vitro fertilization of Bologna‐criteria poor ovarian responders
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Kitade Mari , Kumakiri Jun , Jinushi Makoto , Shinjo Azusa , Ozaki Rie , Ikemoto Yuko , Katoh Noriko , Takeda Satoru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a minimal ovarian stimulation involving combined clomiphene citrate (CC) and estradiol (E2) administration for poor responders with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).Material and MethodsIn this case–control study, we recruited 41 consecutive hypergonadotropic poor responders (69 cycles) who met Bologna‐criteria and had experienced cancellation of oocyte retrieval. In 10 (20 cycles), 11 (21 cycles) and 20 patients (28 cycles) between 2012 and 2014, follicular development was induced using an E2 cycle, CC cycle and CC + E2 cycle, respectively. After confirmation of high follicle‐stimulating hormone levels (15–40 mIU/ml) at menstrual day 3, DOR patients were treated with oral E2 of 1.0 mg/day, CC of 100 mg/day, or both CC and E2 continuously, until ovulation induction. Two days later, we transvaginally aspirated the follicles, performed in vitro fertilization, and cryopreserved the cleavage embryos. One warmed embryo was transferred into the uterus during the hormone replacement cycles.ResultsFor the E2, CC, and CC + E2 cycles, the median patient age was 41 years in all groups, and the serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels were 0.2 ± 0.3, 0.4 ± 0.4, and 0.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.258); follicular development failure rates were 50.0%, 19.0%, and 3.6%, respectively (P < 0.001); numbers of retrieved oocytes (/cycle) were 0.5 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.7, and 1.2 ± 1.1, respectively (P = 0.033); and clinical pregnancy rates (/cycle) were 5.0%, 4.8%, and 10.7%, respectively (P = 0.725).ConclusionCC + E2 administration for the patients with DOR was effective with a lower cancellation rate of oocyte retrieval and a higher number of retrieved oocytes. © 2015 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Comparing the accuracy of obstetric sonography and fetal echocardiography during pediatric cardiology consultation in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Lai Carman Wing Sze , Chau Adolphus Kai Tung , Lee Chin Peng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe diagnostic accuracy of fetal echocardiogram performed by an obstetrician alone and that performed jointly by an obstetrician and pediatric cardiologist for congenital heart disease were compared.Materials and MethodsAll cases of suspected fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) referred to the Prenatal Diagnostic Clinic at Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong during 2006–2011 were reviewed. Prenatal fetal echocardiogram findings were compared with postnatal diagnosis. Cases of incorrect prenatal diagnosis with significant difference in prognosis were analyzed qualitatively.ResultsOne hundred and eleven cases of fetal CHD were analyzed. Complete agreement between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of CHD was observed in 69.4% of cases by fetal echocardiogram performed by obstetrician and 83.8% by fetal echocardiogram performed during pediatric cardiology consultation (P = 0.001). Collaboration with a pediatric cardiologist also improved detection of ductal‐dependent cardiac lesions (77.4% vs 86%, P = <0.001). Five cases with an incorrect diagnosis were associated with a different prognosis. Three of the cases involved outflow tract abnormalities with incorrect identification of outflow vessels.ConclusionCollaboration with a pediatric cardiologist can significantly improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of CHD. In particular, joint consultation is associated with significantly better detection of ductal‐dependent lesions. Outflow tract abnormalities remain a diagnostic challenge in prenatal diagnosis. Incorrect identification of outflow tract vessels was the major cause of incorrect diagnosis in our series.
Simvastatin inhibits oxidative stress via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 signaling in trophoblast cells
Authors: Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Kawasaki Kaoru , Kondoh Eiji , Mogami Haruta , Ujita Mari , Fujita Kohei , Tatsumi Keiji , Takeda Satoru , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimNuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator against oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), glutamyl cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC), and glutamyl cysteine ligase modulatory (GCLM). Nrf2 signaling is disrupted in pre‐eclamptic placentas, although increased oxidative stress is implicated in pre‐eclampsia. The aims of the study were: (i) to investigate the mechanism that underlies the impaired Nrf2 signaling in pre‐eclamptic placentas, and (ii) to examine the potential therapeutic role of statin for pre‐eclampsia.Material and MethodsHuman choriocarcinoma JAR cells were cultured under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). Small‐interfering ribonucleic acids were used to knockdown Nrf2. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to evaluate the influence of oxidative stress (H2O2 100 μM) and simvastatin (50 μM) on Nrf2 and its target genes. Reactive oxygen species levels were analyzed by flow cytometry in immortalized human trophoblast TCL1 cells treated with or without H2O2 (100 μM) ± simvastatin (50 μM).ResultsNuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 activation was significantly suppressed under hypoxic conditions. Nrf2 knockdown resulted in insufficient enhancement of HO‐1, GCLC and GCLM expression under oxidative stress. In contrast, Nrf2 signaling was augmented by simvastatin, which suppressed the induction of oxidative stress in trophoblasts.ConclusionHypoxia is one of the important negative regulators of Nrf2 activation, and simvastatin inhibits oxidative stress through the activation of Nrf2 signaling in trophoblasts, indicating the potential therapeutic role of statin for pre‐eclampsia.
Codes of Contention: Building Regulations in Colonial Bombay, 1870‐1912
Authors: Issar Sukriti 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the contentious institutionalization of building codes in colonial Bombay. Based on original archival research, the paper demonstrates that building codes were inflected with a discourse of moral regulation that masked the material interests of the state. Resistance to these regulations came from many quarters; conflicts within the state, public opinion expressed in the press, and political strategizing of residents and landowners in the public sphere. The paper argues for greater attention to the historically variable interconnections between power and resistance in specific empirical contexts.
Population genetic evidence for cold adaptation in European Drosophila melanogaster populations
Authors: Božičević Vedran , Hutter Stephan , Stephan Wolfgang , Wollstein Andreas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe studied Drosophila melanogaster populations from Europe (the Netherlands and France) and Africa (Rwanda and Zambia) to uncover genetic evidence of adaptation to cold. We present here four lines of evidence for genes involved in cold adaptation from four perspectives: (i) the frequency of SNPs at genes previously known to be associated with chill‐coma recovery time (CCRT), startle reflex (SR) and resistance to starvation stress (RSS) vary along environmental gradients and therefore among populations; (ii) SNPs of genes that correlate significantly with latitude and altitude in African and European populations overlap with SNPs that correlate with a latitudinal cline from North America; (iii) at the genomewide level, the top candidate genes are enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms that are related to cold tolerance; (iv) GO enriched terms from North American clinal genes overlap significantly with those from Africa and Europe. Each SNP was tested in 10 independent runs of Bayenv2, using the median Bayes factors to ascertain candidate genes. None of the candidate genes were found close to the breakpoints of cosmopolitan inversions, and only four candidate genes were linked to QTLs related to CCRT. To overcome the limitation that we used only four populations to test correlations with environmental gradients, we performed simulations to estimate the power of our approach for detecting selection. Based on our results, we propose a novel network of genes that is involved in cold adaptation.
The dying of the light: crepuscular activity in Culicoides and impact on light trap efficacy at temperate latitudes
Authors: MEISWINKEL R. , ELBERS A. R. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe light trap is the tool of choice for conducting large‐scale Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector surveillance programmes. Its efficacy is in doubt, however. To assess this, hourly changes in Culicoides activity over the 24‐h diel were determined comparatively by way of light trapping and aerial sweeping, and correlated against light intensity. In the Netherlands, sweeping around cattle at pasture revealed that, in early summer, Culicoides are active throughout the diel, and that their abundance peaks during the crepuscular period and falls to a low during the brightest hours of the day. By contrast, the light trap was able to accumulate Culicoides only at night (i.e. after illuminance levels had dropped to 0 lux and midge activity had begun to decline). Although Culicoides chiopterus and species of the Culicoides obsoletus complex were similarly abundant around livestock, they differed critically in their hours of peak activity, being largely diurnal and nocturnal, respectively. This polarity helps to explain why, routinely, the C. obsoletus complex dominates light trap collections and C. chiopterus does not. Inability to accumulate Culicoides at light intensity levels above 0 lux means that, at ever‐higher latitudes, particularly beyond 45° N, the progressive northward lengthening of the twilight period will have an increasingly adverse impact upon the efficacy of the light trap as a vector surveillance tool.
Understanding Fallible Warrant and Fallible Knowledge: Three Proposals
Authors: Hetherington Stephen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOne of contemporary epistemology's more important conceptual challenges is that of understanding the nature of fallibility. Part of why this matters is that it would contribute to our understanding the natures of fallible warrant and fallible knowledge. This article evaluates two candidates – and describes a shared form of failing. Each is concealedly infallibilist. This failing is all‐too‐representative of the difficulty of doing justice to the notion of fallibility within the notions of fallible warrant and fallible knowledge. The article ends with a proposal for an improved (even if schematic) form of conception of fallible warrant and fallible knowledge.
Correlation between neurochemical metabolism and memory function in adolescent patients with depression: A multi‐voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Mao Ning , Fang Junfang , Xie Haizhu , Liu Xinjiang , Jiang Xingyue , Wang Guangbin , Cui Minghu , Wang Bin , Liu Qiang 
Published: November 2015

AimsWe utilized multi‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to detect biochemical abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and anterior cingulate gray matter and to determine the correlation of biochemical changes with memory function in depressed adolescents.MethodsA total of 24 depressed patients and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MRS was performed to assess the N‐acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine Cr and choline (Cho)/Cr ratios in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and anterior cingulate gray matter of participants. Memory function was measured on the basis of Wechsler Memory Scale scores, and depression was diagnosed on the basis of clinical observation, interview, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.ResultsCompared with controls, depressed patients had significantly lower NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in left dorsolateral prefrontal white matter and lower NAA/Cr ratios in right dorsolateral prefrontal white matter (P < 0.05). No biochemical differences were identified in the bilateral anterior cingulate gray matter between the two groups. Nevertheless, the depressed patients showed significantly lower memory quotient than controls (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in dorsolateral prefrontal white matter positively correlated with memory quotient (left: P < 0.01; right: P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities in prefrontal white matter are involved in the pathophysiology of adolescent depression. In particular, such abnormalities are already present at the early stage of the disorder, and low NAA/Cr in bilateral anterior frontal white matter may be associated with memory impairment and related neuropathology.
Classifying eating‐related problems among institutionalized people with dementia
Authors: Shinagawa Shunichiro , Honda Kazuki , Kashibayashi Tetsuo , Shigenobu Kazue , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: November 2015

AimsVarious eating‐related problems are commonly observed among people with dementia, and these problems place a huge burden on the caregivers. An appropriate classification of these problems is important in order to understand their underlying mechanisms and to develop a therapeutic approach for managing them. The aim of this study was to develop a possible classification of eating‐related problems and to reveal the background factors affecting each of these problems across various conditions causing dementia.MethodsThe participants were 208 institutionalized patients with a diagnosis of dementia. Care staff were asked to report all kinds of eating‐related problems that they observed. After the nurses' responses were analyzed, 24 items relating to eating‐related problems were extracted. A factor analysis of these 24 items was conducted, followed by a logistic regression analysis to investigate the independent variables that most affected each of the eating‐related factors.ResultsFour factors were obtained. Factor 1 was overeating, factor 2 was swallowing problems, factor 3 was decrease in appetite, and factor 4 was obsession with food. Each factor was associated with different background variables, including Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, Clinical Dementia Ratings, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggests that eating‐related problems are common across conditions causing dementia and should be separately considered in order to understand their underlying mechanisms.
Overlapping Consensus Thin and Thick: John Rawls and Simone Weil
Authors: Heifetz Aviad , Minelli Enrico 
Published: November 2015

AbstractJohn Rawls and Simone Weil presented two distinct conceptions of political justice, aimed at articulating a common ethos in an inherently heterogeneous society. The terms of the former, chiefly concerned with the distribution of primary goods, underwrite much of today's Western democracies political liberalism. The terms of the latter, chiefly concerned with the way interaction is organised in social activities in view of the body and soul's balancing pairs of needs, are less well known. We explain the sense in which the overlapping consensus in Weil's notion of political justice is “thicker”, and may thus deserve more attention – alongside that of Rawls – for substantiating a democratic ethos within political liberalism.
Estimating Multivariate Volatility Models Equation by Equation
Authors: Francq Christian , Zakoïan Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2015

Summary
The paper investigates the estimation of a wide class of multivariate volatility models. Instead of estimating an m-multivariate volatility model, a much simpler and numerically efficient method consists in estimating m univariate generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity type models equation by equation in the first step, and a correlation matrix in the second step. Strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the equation-by-equation estimator are established in a very general framework, including dynamic conditional correlation models. The equation-by-equation estimator can be used to test the restrictions imposed by a particular multivariate generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity specification. For general constant conditional correlation models, we obtain the consistency and asymptotic normality of the two-step estimator. Comparisons with the global method, in which the model parameters are estimated in one step, are provided. Monte Carlo experiments and applications to financial series illustrate the interest of the approach.
Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia in four renal transplant patients: clinical features and an important suggestion regarding the route of infection
Authors: Imafuku A. , Araoka H. , Tanaka K. , Marui Y. , Sawa N. , Ubara Y. , Takaichi K. , Ishii Y. , Tomikawa S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHelicobacter cinaedi can cause bacteremia mainly in immunocompromised patients. We present the clinical characteristics of H. cinaedi bacteremia in 4 renal transplant patients. Interestingly, all cases showed triggers of bacterial translocation: 2 cases developed after colonic perforation caused by diverticulitis, 1 case developed post cholecystectomy, and the remaining patient had chronic diarrhea. Accordingly, bacterial translocation caused by severe gastrointestinal complication could be a cause of H. cinaedi bacteremia.
Preoperative platelet transfusions and perioperative red blood cell requirements in patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing noncardiac surgery
Authors: Warner Matthew A. , Jia Qing , Clifford Leanne , Wilson Gregory , Brown Michael J. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDPerioperative hemorrhage impacts patient outcomes and health care resource utilization, yet the risks of transfusion therapies are significant. In patients with preoperative thrombocytopenia, the effects of prophylactic preoperative platelet (PLT) transfusion on perioperative bleeding complications remain uncertain.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of noncardiac surgical patients between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2011. Propensity‐adjusted analyses were used to evaluate associations between preoperative thrombocytopenia, preoperative PLT transfusion, and the outcomes of interest, with a primary outcome of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion.RESULTSA total of 13,978 study participants were included; 860 (6.2%) had a PLT count of not more than 100 × 109/L with 71 (8.3%) receiving PLTs preoperatively. Administration of PLTs was associated with higher rates of perioperative RBC transfusion (66.2% vs. 49.1%, p = 0.0065); however, in propensity‐adjusted analysis there was no significant difference between groups (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {95% CI}], 1.68 [0.95‐2.99]; p = 0.0764]. Patients receiving PLTs had higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR [95% CI], 1.95 [1.10‐3.46]; p = 0.0224) and longer hospital lengths of stay (estimate [95% bootstrap CI], 7.2 [0.8‐13.9] days; p = 0.0006) in propensity‐adjusted analyses.CONCLUSIONPreoperative PLT transfusion did not attenuate RBC requirements in patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing noncardiac surgery. Moreover, preoperative PLT transfusion was associated with increased ICU admission rates and hospital duration. These findings suggest that more conservative management of preoperative thrombocytopenia may be warranted.