bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning opportunities in rheumatology practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Neher Margit Saskia , Ståhl Christian , Nilsen Per 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore what opportunities for learning practitioners in rheumatology perceive of in their daily practice, using a typology of workplace learning to categorize these opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Thirty-six practitioners from different professions in rheumatology were interviewed. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis with a directed approach, and were categorized according to a typology of formal and informal learning.

Findings
– The typology was adjusted to fit the categories resulting from the analysis. Further analysis showed that work processes with learning as a by-product in general, and relationships with other people in the workplace in particular, were perceived as important for learning in the workplace. The use of many recognized learning opportunities was lower. Barriers for learning were a perceived low leadership awareness of learning opportunities and factors relating to workload and the organization of work.

Research limitations/implications
– The generalizability of results from all qualitative inquiries is limited by nature, and the issue of transferability to other contexts is for the reader to decide. Further studies will need to confirm the results of the study, as well as the proposed enhancement of the typology with which the results were categorized.

Practical implications
– The study highlights the importance of relationships in the workplace for informal learning in rheumatology practice. In the clinical context, locally adapted strategies at organizational and individual levels are needed to maximize opportunities for both professional and interprofessional informal learning, taking the importance of personal relationships into account. The findings also suggest a need for increased continuing professional education in the specialty.

Originality/value
– The workplace learning typology that was used in the study showed good applicability to empirical health-care study data, but may need further development. The study confirmed that informal workplace learning is an important part of learning in rheumatology. Further studies are needed to clarify how informal and formal learning in the rheumatology clinic may be supported in workplaces with different characteristics.
Antecedents of shared leadership: empowering leadership and interdependence
Authors: Fausing Maj Schoeler , Joensson Thomas Skriver , Lewandowski Joshua , Bligh Michelle 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Shared leadership describes leadership as a collective and reciprocal activity distributed among the members of a team (Carsonet al., 2007). The purpose of this paper is to investigate variables assumed to be antecedents for this leadership approach. In particular, the authors examine the importance of external empowering leadership and task and goal interdependence for shared leadership as well as the relationship between shared leadership and team performance.Design/methodology/approach– In order to test the hypotheses, the authors applied structural equation modeling using a field sample of 81 knowledge and manufacturing teams from a Danish company.Findings– Results indicated that an external empowering team leader and interdependence in the team significantly predicted the extent of shared leadership, which, in turn, was positively related to team leader ratings of team performance.Research limitations/implications– Overall, the study supports previous findings that the act of sharing leadership in a team may contribute to increased team performance. In addition, the study provides an initial understanding of antecedent conditions for the successful development of shared leadership. However, as the study was cross-sectional and conducted within a single organization, care must be taken in making causal claims or in generalizing the results without additional evidence.Originality/value– Few studies focus on the antecedents of sharing leadership. The authors obtained evidence, which suggests that the development of shared leadership may depend on the presence of an empowering team leader as well as task and goal interdependence in the team.
Decreased TLR2 signal expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Tingting , Kong Wei , Zhang Weiwei , Gu Mingli , Chen Yan , Deng Anmei , Chen Sunxiao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractToll‐like receptors are the most important pattern recognition receptors that can recognize conserved molecular structures shared by large groups of pathogens. Here, the aim was to determine the expression and role of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with cryptococcal meningitis and healthy controls. TLR2 expression was measured using RT‐PCR and western blotting. The role of TLR2 in cytokine production by PBMCs after Cryptococcus neoformans exposure was assessed in healthy controls prior to incubation with anti‐TLR2. TLR2 mRNA and protein expression were both weaker in patients with cryptococcal meningitis than in healthy controls. Furthermore, pre‐incubation of PBMCs from healthy donors with anti‐TLR2 led to reduced expression of IFN‐γ and IL‐12p70, but not of IL‐4 and IL‐10, following C. neoformans stimulation. Our results suggest that impaired expression of TLR2 may be involved in defective host defense to C. neoformans through an attenuated Th1 response.
Optimisation of probiotic yoghurt production enriched with phytosterols
Authors: Parsa Parinaz , Alizadeh Mohammad , Rezazad Bari Mahmoud , Akbarian Moghar Ali 
Published: May 2015

To optimise the formulation of phytosterol‐enriched probiotic yoghurt, the effect of different concentrations of phytosterols, fat and the probiotic inoculation rate on the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB‐12 and physicochemical indices over 14 days of storage was explored. Data analysis showed that the phytosterol concentration and fat content were two crucial factors affecting probiotic viability. Addition of phytosterols had no adverse effect on the overall scores for sensory attributes. Regarding maximisation of viability and storage time, the optimum conditions were found to be fat = 8.07% (w/v), phytosterol = 18 g/L, probiotic inoculation rate = 71.42 mg/L and storage time = 12 days.
Soybean oil prevents peritoneal adhesions without impairing colonic anastomotic healing
Authors: Dag Ahmet , Colak Tahsin , Koc Okay , Ayaz Lokman , Comelekoglu Ulku , Serinsoz‐Pfeiffer Ebru 
Published: May 2015

AimAdhesion formation could potentially result in significant morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the role of soybean oil in the prevention of peritoneal adhesions and its effect on the anastomotic healing process.Patients and MethodsA total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group A, adhesion induction method; group B, adhesion induction method with administration of soybean oil; group C, colonic anastomosis method; and group D, colonic anastomosis method with administration of soybean oil. Adhesions were scored on postoperative day 7. Anastomotic healing was assessed by determining anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP), tissue hydroxyproline content and the histopathological examination. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined to evaluate cellular response to injury.ResultsThe difference in mean values between saline‐ and soybean oil‐treated groups, using both the adhesion method and colonic anastomosis method, were statistically significant (P = 0.0003, P = 0.009). Soybean oil administration resulted in no significant difference in terms of ABP and histopathological scores (P = 0.694 and P = 0.246, respectively). Tissue hydroxyproline content was increased significantly with soybean oil administration (P = 0.001). Mean MDA, NO and MPO levels were significantly decreased in the soybean‐administered colonic anastomosis group (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, and respectively). In the soybean‐administered adhesion group, mean MDA, NO and MPO levels were lower than in the control group, but the differences were not significant (P = 0.113, P = 0.958, and P = 0.597, respectively).ConclusionSoybean oil administration intraperitoneally has been shown to prevent adhesion formation effectively without impairing the colonic anastomotic healing process.
Patient satisfaction and complication rate after mastectomy with immediate two‐stage breast reconstruction as compared to mastectomy without immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: van Vuuren Timme M.A.J. , van Haaren Elizabeth R.M. , vd Kar Theo J. , Kortleve Johannes W. , Scheeren Clarissa I.E. 
Published: May 2015

AimThe aesthetic result of breast cancer surgery plays an important role in patient satisfaction and quality of life. In patients with mastectomy, immediate breast reconstruction can improve overall satisfaction.Patients and MethodsAll eligible patients with or without breast reconstruction between January 2008 and July 2011 were sent a questionnaire about satisfaction, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). These findings were related to the incidence and type of complications, as collected by chart review.ResultsIn the mastectomy group, women were in general satisfied, but less so than women with a breast reconstruction. Women in the mastectomy group with a HADS > 11 were significantly less satisfied (P = 0.044). Risk factors for the occurrence of complications in the reconstruction group mainly consisted of age > 60 years, body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and past radiation therapy.ConclusionPatients with an immediate breast reconstruction by tissue expander, followed by permanent prosthesis, are generally satisfied and would opt for this treatment again. Women with an age of > 60 years, BMI > 25 kg/m2 and past radiation therapy should be adequately informed of the consequences and risks when choosing immediate breast reconstruction.
Endoscopic thyroid lobectomy using bilateral axillo‐breast approach: Surgical techniques and outcomes
Authors: Liu Shirley Yuk‐Wah , Wong Simon Kin‐Hung , Chiu Philip Wai‐Yan , Ng Enders Kwok‐Wai 
Published: May 2015

AimThe aim of the present study was to report our surgical technique and perioperative outcomes of endoscopic thyroid lobectomy using the bilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA).Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively‐collected data on consecutive female patients who underwent BABA endoscopic unilateral thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate thyroid nodules.ResultsBetween July 2012 and July 2014, 18 patients with a mean age of 37.9 ± 14.4 years received BABA endoscopic right (n = 12) and left (n = 6) thyroid lobectomy for nodules with atypia of undetermined significance (n = 7), follicular lesion of undetermined significance (n = 6) and follicular neoplasm (n = 5) in our unit. The mean nodule size was 23.6 ± 9.7 mm. All operations were successfully accomplished with no conversion to open procedures. The mean operating time was 155.9 ± 34.9 min. Intraoperative blood loss was negligible in all patients (below 10 mL). There was no postoperative haemorrhage, wound hematoma or iatrogenic parathyroid injury. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in one patient (5.6 per cent), whose condition completely recovered after 6 months. The mean hospital stay was 2.5 ± 0.7 days. At 6 months after surgery, the mean cosmetic satisfaction score was 94.4 ± 12.4 out of 100. Chronic anterior chest wall pain and chest wall paresthesia was only reported in one respective patient (5.6 per cent).ConclusionBABA is a feasible and cosmetically‐excellent technique in performing endoscopic thyroid lobectomy. It should be recommended for eligible patients who have strong desire on cosmetic outcomes.
Assessment of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with Serum YKL‐40 and ultrasonography in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Dündar Ümit , Aşık Gülşah , Ulaşlı Alper Murat , Sınıcı Şükrü , Yaman Fatima , Solak Özlem , Toktaş Hasan , Eroğlu Selma 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe use of biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) have potential for early diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity and monitoring treatment. Serum and synovial fluid YKL‐40 levels are increased in severe knee OA. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a novel treatment method for OA. However, studies evaluating the PEMF therapy in treatment of knee OA revealed conflicting results. This study was conducted to objectively assess the effect of PEMF therapy in patients with knee OA, by using ultrasonographic measurements and a novel biomarker, YKL‐40.MethodsForty patients were randomized into two treatment groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy, while Group 1 received additional PEMF therapy. The patients were asked to rate their pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnairre. Serum YKL‐40 levels were measured, and knee effusion and cartilage degeneration level were evaluated with ultrasonography before and after treatment.ResultsPre‐treatment YKL‐40 level was correlated with WOMAC pain subscale (P = 0.032, r = 0.339). VAS and WOMAC scores significantly improved in both treatment groups (P < 0.05). The effusion in the right knee significantly decreased in Group 1. The change in YKL‐40 level was not correlated with the change in VAS, WOMAC scores and knee effusion.ConclusionThis study revealed that adjuvant PEMF therapy has no additional effect on pain in patients with knee OA. Serum YKL‐40 level seems to be unuseful for monitoring the treatment in knee OA.
Fluid absorption and the ethanol monitoring method
Authors: Hahn R. G. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundFluid absorption is a well‐known complication of endoscopic surgeries, such as transurethral prostatic resection and transcervical endometrial resection. Absorption of electrolyte‐free fluid in excess of 1 L, which occurs in 5% to 10% of the operations, markedly increases the risk of adverse effects from the cardiovascular and neurological systems. Absorption of isotonic saline, which is used with the new bipolar resection technique, will change the scenario of adverse effects in a yet unknown way. Hyponatremia no longer occurs, but marking the saline with ethanol reveals that fluid absorption occurs just as much as with monopolar prostate resections.MethodsEthanol monitoring is a method for non‐invasive indication and quantification of fluid absorption that has been well evaluated. By using an irrigating fluid that contains 1% of ethanol, updated information about fluid absorption can be obtained at any time perioperatively by letting the patient breathe into a hand‐held alcolmeter.ResultsRegression equations and nomograms with variable complexity are available for estimating how much fluid has been absorbed, both when the alcolmeter is calibrated to show the blood ethanol level and when it is calibrated to show the breath ethanol concentration. Examples of how such estimations should be performed are given in this review article.ConclusionsThe difficulty is that the anesthesiologist must be aware of how the alcolmeter is calibrated (for blood or breath) and be able to distinguish between the intravascular and extravascular absorption routes, which give rise to different patterns and levels of breath ethanol concentrations.
Measurements of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Wall Movement During Inflation and Deflation: Effects of Angulation
Authors: Bruti Gianpaolo , Kolyva Christina , Pepper John R. , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a ventricular assist device that is used with a broad range of pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although the clinical efficacy of the IABP is well documented, the question of reduced efficacy when patients are nursed in the semi‐recumbent position remains outstanding. The aim of the present work is therefore to investigate the underlying mechanics responsible for the loss of IABP performance when operated at an angle to the horizontal. Simultaneous recordings of balloon wall movement, providing an estimate of its diameter (D), and fluid pressure were taken at three sites along the intra‐aortic balloon (IAB) at 0 and 45°. Flow rate, used for the calculation of displaced volume, was also recorded distal to the tip of the balloon. An in vitro experimental setup was used, featuring physiological impedances on either side of the IAB ends. IAB inflation at an angle of 45° showed that D increases at the tip of the IAB first, presenting a resistance to the flow displaced away from the tip of the balloon. The duration of inflation decreased by 15.5%, the inflation pressure pulse decreased by 9.6%, and volume decreased by 2.5%. Similarly, changing the position of the balloon from 0 to 45°, the balloon deflation became slower by 35%, deflation pressure pulse decreased by 14.7%, and volume suctioned was decreased by 15.2%. IAB wall movement showed that operating at 45° results in slower deflation compared with 0°. Slow wall movement, and changes in inflation and deflation onsets, result in a decreased volume displacement and pressure pulse generation. Operating the balloon at an angle to the horizontal, which is the preferred nursing position in intensive care units, results in reduced IAB inflation and deflation performance, possibly compromising its clinical benefits.
Oral health promotion interventions during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Vamos Cheryl A. , Thompson Erika L. , Avendano Maryouri , Daley Ellen M. , Quinonez Rocio B. , Boggess Kim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesMaternal oral disease during pregnancy is a significant public health issue due to its prevalence and lifecourse connections with adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes, early childhood caries, and chronic diseases. Although both medical and dental professional organizations have discipline‐specific and co‐endorsed guidelines, whether interventions exist that translate oral health evidence into practice remains unknown. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the range, scope and impact of existing oral health promotion interventions during pregnancy.MethodsSearch terms related to oral health, health promotion, and pregnancy produced 7754 articles published before March 2013 from five search engines. Inclusion criteria: (i) intervention‐based; (ii) quasi‐experimental, experimental, or pretest/post‐test design; (iii) pregnant women participants; (iv) outcomes including oral health knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors; (v) ≥5 participants; (vi) peer‐review publication; and (vii) English language.ResultsAll interventions (n = 7) were delivered in prenatal care settings and focused on education. Modalities varied, including the use of oral instruction and audiovisual presentations, in both individual and group formats; however, content was directed toward infant oral health. Few studies specifically addressed prenatal oral health guidelines. Primary outcomes measured included knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self‐efficacy and oral hygiene, and health‐seeking behaviors. All but one study showed significant improvement in one of these outcomes postintervention.ConclusionsFew oral health interventions among pregnant women addressed oral‐related symptoms, hygiene behaviors, and potential oral–systemic implications specific to mothers. Subsequently, more theory‐ and evidence‐based interventions addressing current prenatal oral health guidelines using rigorous designs are needed to improve oral and systemic health for both women and their offspring.
Patient‐based outcomes following surgical implant placements
Authors: Kamankatgan Suchat , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Krisdapong Sudaduang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the postoperative oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), pain and swelling after surgical implant placement and to investigate their association with socio‐demographic and clinical variables.Materials and methodsA total of 85 partial edentulous patients requiring implant‐supported fixed prostheses were enrolled. Standard surgical practice for implant placement was employed. Interviews were conducted to assess the OHRQoL based on the oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) index preoperatively as well as 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively in addition to the degree of pain and swelling at 2 weeks postoperatively. The socio‐demographic and clinical variables of interest were also assessed.ResultsPatient's OHRQoL was reduced at 2 weeks followed by a return to baseline levels 1 month postoperatively. The median OIDP scores were 5.0, 12.0 and 3.5 preoperatively, 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively, respectively. Eating and teeth cleaning were affected after surgery. Overall, 50.6% of the patients perceived no to mild pain, whereas 36.5%, 49.4% and 14.1% reported no, localized or extensive facial swelling, respectively. No association was found between pain and any variable, but anterior implantation and bone augmentation were more commonly associated with facial swelling. Oral health‐related quality of life worsened in patients with more pain or facial swelling as well as in cases involving multiple implant placement or bone augmentation procedures.ConclusionsOral health‐related quality of life deteriorated shortly after surgery based on eating and teeth cleaning difficulties. A high degree of pain, extensive swelling, multiple implant placement and bone augmentation procedures were all associated with oral impacts.
Blue solid‐state luminescent tetraphenylethene–organophosphorus dyads with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Yong , Ma Yan‐Fang , Liu Ya‐Ling , Sun Yi‐Feng , Chi Zhen‐Guo 
Published: May 2015

Three novel tetraphenylethene–organophosphorus dyads – (6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl] methanol, diphenyl {hydroxy[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl]methyl} phosphine oxide, and di(3,5‐dimethylphenyl){hydroxy[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl] methyl} phosphine oxide – were synthesised and characterised by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The photoluminescence properties were studied. All three dyads exhibited intense solid‐state blue emission peaking at 449–466 nm, and also displayed aggregation‐induced emission behaviours. The emission decays of these dyads in the solid state also fitted well with a triexponential model with an average lifetime of 2.65–4.42 ns. The experimental results demonstrated that the luminescent properties are highly dependent on the nature of the organophosphorus groups. The choice of phosphorus‐containing components can cause variations in the photoluminescence emission and photoluminescence decays.