bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Symbolic Aspects of App Use for Improving Physical Activity: A Six-month Prospective Analysis
Authors: Takano Keisuke , Oba Takeyuki , Katahira Kentaro , Kimura Kenta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Mobile health technology plays an important role in improving physical activity (PA). However, commercial healthcare applications for smartphones (apps) have poor retention, and understanding how people adopt and integrate app use in daily life is critical. We investigated the use patterns of PA apps and explored the use styles that are predictive of (dis)continuation of use and changes in PA levels over time.
Methods:
We analyzed two-wave longitudinal survey data concerning commercial PA-app use, which included 4465 respondents (mean age = 50.7; 1932 women) identified as PA-app users at baseline. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding how and for what purpose they used the apps. A six-month follow-up survey was administered that asked participants about their current app use and PA levels.
Results:
At baseline, 2737 were identified as long-term users of a PA app (i.e., use for more than six months). Long-term users reported appreciating the lifestyle management aspects (e.g., constant accessibility to health information, tracking, and monitoring PA), whereas short-term users indicated that they appreciated their app’s distraction and building relationships (e.g., finding like-minded peers) aspects. Prospective analyses demonstrated that lifestyle management was associated with continuing to use the app and increased PA levels at the 6-month follow-up, whereas distraction predicted discontinuing the use of the app and decreased PA levels.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that on-purpose use (i.e., using a PA app to improve one’s PA) is the key feature of being in an appropriation state, whereas off-purpose use may hinder app use, leading to less active lifestyles. The implications of appropriation theory and practice are also discussed.
School-based immunization policy compliance in preschools of Karachi, Pakistan: An explanatory sequential mixed-method study
Authors: Samnani Saira , Azam Syed Iqbal , Rizvi Narjis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthcare providers in schools play a crucial role in ensuring student wellness and maintaining effective communication with parents regarding their children's health. In 2022, the Government of Pakistan introduced the national school-based immunization policy, but the factors affecting policy compliance and the role of preschool healthcare providers in it are still unexplored. Thus, the study aims to assess the implementation of the school-based immunization policy in preschools, considering the presence of preschool healthcare providers and other factors that may influence policy compliance.
Methods
The study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. It included all preschools in Karachi that met the defined eligibility criteria. Preschools were surveyed using systematic sampling, with data obtained from preschool administrators through structured questionnaires. Subsequently, administrators were approached for in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression along with thematic framework analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The findings from both datasets were triangulated.
Results
A total of 223 preschools were surveyed and 9 in-depth interviews were conducted with preschool administrators. The survey revealed that 97 (43.5%) of the preschools relied on manual vaccination record-keeping methods, consistent with 3 out of 9 preschools found in in-depth interviews. 179 (80.3%) administrators reported that parents cooperate with school management in vaccinating their child(ren) at preschool, consistent with qualitative findings. 200 (89.7%) administrators were unaware of EPI, consistent with 7 out of 9 in-depth interviews. A significant mean difference (3.91; 95% CI 2.15–5.66) in compliance scores was observed between preschools with and without healthcare providers. The final model included the vaccination records storage method (β 5.05; 95% CI 3.47–6.63), parents’ cooperation (β 1.32; 95% CI 0.16–2.49), and a statistically significant interaction between the presence of preschool healthcare providers and awareness of EPI among preschool administrators at a p-value < 0.1.
Conclusion
The healthcare providers in preschools facilitate school-based immunization policy compliance, while the absence of staff training for vaccination record-keeping and supporting vaccination drives impedes compliance. Understanding and addressing these factors can optimize policy compliance.
Pharmaceutical quality of dispersible diclofenac tablets in the Saudi market
Authors: Alhabardi¹ Samiah , Mahrous¹ Gamal , Alshahrani¹ Asma , Taha Ehab 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The fundamental objective in developing any drug delivery approach is to achieve effective and safe therapy. Medications classified as generics are those that contain the same active ingredients and have the same quality as the reference medications. Several generic drugs are available on the market, all at a reasonable cost. In this study, the quality of Three generic brands of diclofenac dispersible tablets (DT) available in the Saudi market was assessed, namely: G1 and G2, and G3.
Except for the borderline performance of one generic formulation (G3), all formulations passed in vitro quality tests according to the United States Pharmacopoeia. According to the US Pharmacopoeia, every generic formulation passed in vitro quality tests, except for one generic formulation (G3) that performed inconclusively. All brands demonstrated minimal weight variation, with average weights falling within the acceptable range of ±5% from the mean and a rapid dispersion time of around 5 sec. All the brands displayed acceptable friability and minimal weight loss. The potency results demonstrated that all of the three brands complied with United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications, which typically fall between 90% and 110% of the labeled amount. G1 and G2 passed the content uniformity test in their first attempt. G3 initially failed the content uniformity test but passed upon retesting with additional samples. G1 and G2 tablets passed the USP Acceptance criteria in stage one, and G3 tablets met the requirements in stage two. G1 showed the highest DE (%78.83), followed by G2 (%72.23), and G3 (%67.50). The G1 dissolution data, which showed the highest dissolution efficiency, were used as the reference product to calculate the similarity factor (f2 (ratio. G1 (Reference) and G2 with an f2 of (58.3) have similar dissolution profiles. G3, with an f2 of (47.5) showed borderline performance. This study highlights the importance of post-marketing evaluations of generic drugperformance.
Textual emotion detection – A systematic literature review
Authors: Truong Vinh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Textual emotion detection is a critical area of study with significant applications in business, education, and healthcare. Despite substantial theoretical advancements over the years, there is a notable gap in the practical implementation of these methods in the aforementioned fields. The techniques currently available do not yet seem ready for real-world application. This study offers a comprehensive review of existing approaches, datasets, and models used in textual emotion detection. Its primary objective is to identify the challenges faced in both current literature and practical applications. The findings reveal that textual datasets annotated with emotional markers are scarce, making it difficult to develop robust supervised classification models for this task. There is also a pressing need for improved models that can accurately categorize a wider range of emotional states distinctly. Finally, there is a demand for techniques capable of dimensionally detecting valence, arousal, and dominance scores from emotional experiences. These challenges stem not only from the models and applications themselves but also from the readiness of current approaches and datasets in the rapidly evolving fields of machine learning and affective computing.
High expression of LncRNA HOTAIR is a risk factor for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via activation of the miR-214/β-catenin/MGMT pathway
Authors: Lan Tian , Quan Wei , Yu Dong-Hu , Chen Xi , Wang Ze-Fen , Li Zhi-Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Backgroud:
HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is upregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) and associated with temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying HOTAIR-mediated TMZ resistance remains poorly understood.
Methods
HOTAIR expression in glioma-related public datasets and drug response estimation were analyzed using bioinformatics. These findings were verified by overexpressing HOTAIR in TMZ-sensitive U251 cells and/or silencing HOTAIR in resistant U251 cells (U251R). The cytotoxic effects were evaluated using cell viability assay and flow cytometry analysis of cell clycle and apoptosis.
Results
HOTAIR was upregulated in TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines and patients with high HOTAIR expression responded poorly to TMZ therapy. HOTAIR knockdown restored TMZ sensitivity in U251R cells, while HOTAIR overexpression conferred TMZ resistance in U251 cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was enriched in patients with high HOTAIR expression; consistently, HOTAIR positively regulated β-catenin expression in U251 cells. Moreover, HOTAIR-mediated TMZ resistance was associated with increased MGMT protein level, which resulted from the HOTAIR/miR-214-3p/β-catenin network. GBM with high HOTAIR expression exhibited sensitivity to methotrexate. Methotrexate enhanced TMZ sensitivity in U251R cells, accompanied by reduced expression of HOTAIR and β-catenin.
Conclusions
HOTAIR is a risk factor for TMZ resistance and methotrexate may represent a potential therapeutic drug for patients with high HOTAIR expression level.
Nomograms for Predicting Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival Among Second Primary Endometrial Cancer in Primary Colorectal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: LIU linli , JIN Qiong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent gynecologic cancers, approximately 20% of patients are regarded as high-risk with poor prognosis. However, more details of patients with second primary endometrial cancer (SPEC) after colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood.We therefore purposed to construct two nomograms to predict 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates to facilitate clinical application. Nomograms for predicting OS and CSS were constructed and validated. The receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plot, decision curve analysis, C-index, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement were applied to evaluate the predictive performance. Finally, the Prognostic index was calculated and used for risk stratification of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on different treatment options. Nomograms of OS and CSS were formulated based on the independent prognostic factors utilizing the training set. The 3- and 5- years of OS nomogram demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.840 and 0.829, respectively), well-calibrated power, and excellent clinical effectiveness. Our nomograms of predicting OS and CSS had a concordance index of 0.801 and 0.866 compared with 0.676 and 0.746 for the AJCC staging system, and more importantly, demonstrated a better forecast accuracy. Chemoradiotherapy displayed a significant survival benefit in the high-risk groups, but proceeding to surgery plus chemotherapy showed a favorable survival for the low groups based on all patients. We developed and internally validated multivariable models that predict OS and CSS risk of SPEC in patients with a CRC to help clinicians make applicable clinical decisions for patients.
Magnetic nanoparticle-decorated metal organic frameworks for chemiluminescence detection of glutathione
Authors: Ma Xiaohu , Jiang Peiyu , Geng Jingbo , Li Xinyi , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this study, a chemiluminescence (CL) method for determination of glutathione (GSH) was developed with magnetic nanoparticle-decorated metal organic frameworks (Fe3O4 NPs@Cu-TATB). The composite material was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and glutathione (GSH) can be tested by both visual and chemiluminescence (CL) methods. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs@Cu-TATB exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the luminol-H2O2 CL system. The mechanism revealed that three types of oxygen-containing radicals (ROS) was generated in this system. As GSH can reduce the catalytic effect of generated ROS radicals, the inhibiting CL signal was produced in the Fe3O4 NPs@Cu-TATB-luminol-H2O2 system. Based on the established CL system, the detection limits for GSH using CL and visual methods were found to be 0.3 µM and 0.7 µM, respectively. This low-cost and convenient detection method can be applied to the analysis of GSH content in human blood.
Genome-wide functional CRISPR screen reveals CDK7 as a targetable therapeutic vulnerability for head and neck cancer
Authors: Otero-Rosales María , Álvarez-González Miguel , de Luxán-Delgado Beatriz , Marro Sonia Del , Pozo-Agundo Esperanza , Rodríguez-Santamaría Mar , López-Fernández Ana , Corte-Torres Daniela , Granda-Díaz Rocío , Álvarez-Teijeiro Saúl , Lorz Corina , García-Escudero Ramón , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Tzelepis Konstantinos , Vassiliou George , Álvarez-Fernández Mónica , García-Pedrero Juana María , Hermida-Prado Francisco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging prevalent lethal malignancy, with still scarce targeted therapies and rather limited clinical benefit. We conducted an optimized genome-wide functional CRISPR screen aimed at identifying actionable genetic vulnerabilities for rapid preclinical evaluation as novel targeted therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were prioritized as pivotal in cancer therapy.
Methods: Whole-genome CRISPR KO screen was performed in a panel of five HNSCC cell lines. CDK7 was selected for further functional and molecular characterization. The effects of CRISPR CDK7 knockout (KO) and CDK7-selective inhibitors were thoroughly investigated in cellular models using viability, colony formation and apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, and global transcriptomics by RNAseq. CDK7 inhibition was also therapeutically evaluated in mouse xenografts and patient-derived organoids (PDOs).
Results: CDK7 was identified as an essential gene across all five HNSCC cell lines screened. Genetic and pharmacological CDK7 inhibition significantly and consistently reduced tumor cell proliferation due to generalized cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. CDK7 KO, YKL-5-124 and samuraciclib also showed a potent antitumor activity effectively abrogating tumor growth in HNSCC PDOs and also in mouse xenograft models without significant toxicity. Mechanistically, CDK7 inhibition led to a broad downregulation of gene sets for cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and massively reduced the transcription of several essential genes and untargetable vulnerabilities identified by our CRISPR screen.
Conclusions: CDK7 emerges as a promising targetable therapeutic vulnerability for HNSCC. Our study provides broad-based evidence for the robust antitumor activity of CDK7-selective inhibitors in disease-relevant preclinical models, strongly supporting patient testing.
Superconductivity in bcc-selenium under megabar pressure
Authors: Wu Zhongyan , Fedotenko Timofey , Giordano Nico , Kim Jaeyong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We report enhanced superconductivity in the selenium on the verge of the β-Po–bcc phase transition, achieving up to 9.4 K at 140 GPa. The onset of superconductivity is confirmed by a direct zero-resistance drop R(T), and its nature was further validated by its suppression under an external magnetic field, µ0Hc(0) = 0.26 T at 140 GPa. An anomalously high R(T) peak preceding the zero resistance state suggests granular superconductivity. Our studies indicate that selenium does not react with hydrogen at 182 GPa at room temperature nor 102 GPa with laser heating to 3000 K, implying that the synthesis of selenium hydride requires higher energy conditions than the ones predicted theoretically. Our findings offer insights into the mechanism of phase-transition-related enhanced superconductivity and motivate further study into the search for high Tc superconductors in elements at extremely high pressure.
The negative chronotropic effects of (±)-propranolol and (±)- 4-NO 2 -propranolol in the rat isolated right atrium are due to blockade of the 6-nitrodopamine receptor
Authors: Oliveira Denis Lima , Cardoso Vinicius Francisco , Britto-Júnior Jose , Fuguhara Vivian , Frecentese Francesco , Sparaco Rosa , Santagada Vincenzo , Caliendo Giuseppe , Pupo André Sampaio , Antunes Edson , Nucci Gilberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The positive chronotropic action induced by 6-mitrodopamine (6-ND) is selectively blocked by β1-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here the effects of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, were investigated in the rat isolated right atrium. The atrium was mounted in glass chambers containing gassed (95%O2:5%CO2) and warmed (37°C) Krebs-Henseleit’s solution, and the isometric tension registered (PowerLab system). (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, caused concentration-dependent falls in the spontaneous atrial frequency (pIC50 were 4.80±0.10, 4.64±0.10, and 4.95±0.10, respectively). The calculated pA2 values for (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranol obtained for noradrenaline-induced positive chronotropic effects were 8.44±0.08, 6.41±0.07, and 9.21±0.29, respectively. The positive chronotropism induced by 6-ND (10pM) was blocked by (±)-propranolol (1mM), and (±)-4-NO2-propranolol (30nM). (±)-7-NO2-propranol (1mM) had no effect on 6-ND (10pM)-induced increases in atrial rate. The pIC50 of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol were significantly shifted to the right in L-NAME treated atria. The discrepancy between pA2 values of (±)-propranolol and its respective pIC50 indicates that the falls in atrial rate induced by (±)-propranolol should not be attributed to b-adrenergic antagonism. The reduced chronotropism by (±)-propranolol (10µM) was unaffected by the sodium channel inhibitors tetrodotoxin (1µM) and lidocaine (10µM) but abolished in atria pre-treated with (±)-4-NO2-propranolol (10µM). The finding that (±)-propranolol causes falls in spontaneous atrial rate only in concentrations that affect 6-ND positive chronotropic effect, confirms the role of this catecholamine as endogenous modulator of heart chronotropism. (±)-4-NO2-propranolol behaves as a selective antagonist of 6-ND in the rat isolated atrium.
Enhancing Machine Learning Models and Classification Accuracy with Advanced Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Donthu Somasekhar , Nassa Vinay Kumar , Mohan Chinnem Rama , Keerthika T. , Krishnam Nagendra Prasad , Prasad Ch Raghava , Kapila Dhiraj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper provides a detailed discussion of multiple machine learning algorithms and pays close attention to their use, advantages, and disadvantages. Specifically, the Random Forest classifier is highlighted for being more effective with a classification accuracy of 93% being achieved in a binary classification problem. The current method proves superior to known methods and preserves the spatial relationships, thus solving the vanishing gradient problem with the help of two kinds of attention mechanisms. This paper also examines various techniques, such as convolutional neural networks, k-means clustering, and collaborative filtering, explaining how these methods can be applied and optimized. Thus, the rationale of the paper lies in comparison of the above-mentioned methods, emphasizing the significance of modern approaches to ensemble learning for the improvement of model accuracy and stability. Moreover, the paper highlights areas for future research to explore, such as hyper parameters tuning, integration with deep learning frameworks, and use cases in practice. As a result, the presented results can be useful for more advanced studies in the field of machine learning as well as for practical applications for various domains when it is necessary to develop more effective approaches to the use of big data.
Passive and Discrete Sampling of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Saginaw, Michigan (United States) and Implications for the Protection of Aquatic Life
Authors: Nedrich Sara , Bowman Sarah , Stieber Elizabeth , Rhodes Geoff , Armstrong Brandon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Neonicotinoid pesticides are widely applied in urban and agricultural settings despite their toxicity to aquatic organisms at low concentrations. Monitoring for six neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) in the Saginaw River watershed of Michigan shows detections of imidacloprid exceeding final chronic values (FCVs) developed to protect aquatic life. The study design implemented both discrete and passive surface water sampling to capture the episodic nature of pesticide release. Fourteen sites were sampled monthly from August-October 2021 and April-July 2022. One or more neonicotinoids were detected in 86% of discrete and 100% of passive samples. Imidacloprid was detected at the highest maximum concentration (220 ng L-1), followed by clothianidin (98 ng L-1), and thiamethoxam (32 ng L-1). Development of aquatic life values for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam, pursuant to Michigan statute and Rule 57 (Water Quality Standards), resulted in FCVs of 29 ng L-1, 81 ng L-1, and 280 ng L-1, respectively. Seven out of 14 sample locations exceeded the FCV for imidacloprid. The most sensitive species included in derivation of neonicotinoid aquatic life values included mayflies (Neocloeon triangulifer, Cloeon sp., and McCaffertium sp.) and a midge (Chironomus dilutus). This study provides new insight on monitoring for neonicotinoid pesticides and weighs the costs and benefits of passive and discrete sampling methodologies.
Regulation Mechanism of Nitrite Degradation in Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 Mediated by Fnr
Authors: Chen Shaoxian , Zeng Hao , Qiu Hulin , Yin Aiguo , Shen Fengfei , Li Ying , Xiao Yunyi , Hai Jinping , Xu Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Fumarate and nitrate reduction regulatory protein (Fnr), as a global transcriptional regulator, could directly or indirectly regulate many genes in different metabolic pathways at the top of the bacterial transcription regulation network. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of Fnr-mediated nitrite degradation in Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 through gene transcription and expression analysis of oxygen sensing and nir operon expression regulation by Fnr, and the interaction and the mechanism of transcriptional regulation between Fnr and GlnR under nitrite stress. After the purification of Fnr and GlnR by GST tags, they were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli by constructing an expression vector. The electrophoresis mobility shift assay and qRT-PCR results indicated that Fnr could specifically bind to the PglnR and Pnir promoters and regulate the expression of nitrite reductase (Nir) and GlnR. After 6-12 h of culture, the expression of fnr and nir under anaerobic condition (A) were higher than that under aerobic condition (O), and the expression of these two genes increased with the addition of NaNO2 during aerobic culture. Overall, the present study results indicated that Fnr could not only directly participate in the expression of Nir and GlnR but also indirectly regulate the expression of Nir through GlnR regulation.