bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
Authors: Han Dandan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yanyan , Pei Yongbin , Huang Xiaojing , Qin Lijie , Zhuo Yayu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are predominantly benign, but some may progress to cancer. Various risk factors, including metabolic diseases, have been linked to TNs, though findings have been inconsistent. This study investigates TN detection and related factors in a healthy population, aiming to develop a predictive model for thyroid disease prevention and treatment.
METHODS: The study included 14,973 participants, assessing TNs through ultrasonography and collecting demographic and biochemical data such as cholesterol, blood glucose, and uric acid. Logistic regression analyzed these factors' association with TN presence.
RESULTS: TNs were found in 54.1% of participants, more frequently in females (58.97%) than males (49.93%), with prevalence increasing after age 40. Significant correlations included higher LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and BMI. A prediction model demonstrated good predictive capability, with an AUC of 0.84 in the training set and 0.78 in the validation set.
CONCLUSION: The high TN prevalence, particularly among women and older adults, highlights the need for targeted screening programs. Associations with metabolic factors suggest the importance of regular thyroid ultrasonography for early detection and management.
Canine Distemper Virus Spillover Into Wildlife Population in Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu Malaysia
Authors: Lazarus Bryan Andrew , Sadali Muhammad Farris Mohd , Kamal Farina Mustaffa , Hua Khor Kuan , Wahab Ridhwan Abdul , Kaderi Mohd Arifin , Abdullah Mohd Lutfi , Azizan Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku , Ahmad Hafandi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Human wildlife gap has shrunk due to urbanization and agricultural expansion. Domestic animals and wild mammals are pushed closer together, enabling disease transmission between the two groups. Recent discovery in 2019 of Awang Besul, the first Malayan tiger to succumb to the canine distemper virus (CDV) in Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu highlights the urgency of this issue. Thus, this study identified potential CDV hosts and antigen status of these to formulate efforts to prevent wildlife transmission in Kampung Besul Lama. Potential CDV hosts were captured using baited wildlife traps, and species were identified and documented. Biological samples were also obtained, utilizing nasal and ocular swabs for the detection of CDV via RT-PCR. Multiple different species of small mammals were trapped and three tree shrews Tupaia gais were positive for the CDV antigen. The discovery of CDV antigen in this species, suggests disease maintenance in small mammal populations. Movement of small mammals harbouring disease between Kampung Besul Lama and forests reserve could become the bridge of animal disease transmission between wildlife and domestic groups, which in turn could infect Malayan tigers. Introduction of the CDV virus to wild tiger populations via small mammals could lead to an extinction level event, thus understanding the mode of transmission of the CDV would benefit conservation effort here in Malaysia.
Intestinal Schistosomiasis in remote areas of Southwest Ethiopia, a target region for large-scale Mass Drug Administration
Authors: Nigusu Yared , Bekana Teshome , Chilo Eshetu , Teferi Sisay , Oljira Dereje , Gemeda Dereje , Darge Tefera , Mitiku Abeza , Geda Abdi , Sime Tadesse , Gezimu Wubishet , Gizaw Oda , Tadila Gemechu , Bekana Miressa , Erko Berhanu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

As 2030 approaches, the World Health Organization's due date for ending intestinal schistosomiasis as a public health problem in all endemic areas, understanding the current trends in the burden of Schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in endemic areas is critical for monitoring the progress, identifying areas for improvement, and developing strategies to plan for instant response to mitigate the burden of Schistosomiasis. From February to April of 2023, 328 students from three primary schools in Southwest Ethiopia participated in an institution-based cross-sectional study in the detection of Schistosoma mansoni. Intestinal schistosomiasis was identified among 242 school children, with a rate of infection of 73.8% (95% CI: (64.8–83.4%)). The rate of infection was higher among study participants aged between 10–13 years [AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: (1.1, 3.44). About 75% of the male participants were infected with Schistosoma mansoni [AOR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.49, 1.41). Nearly half (48.1%) of the S. mansoni infections among study participants were identified as heavy infections. More than half of the male study participants (50.3%) infected with Schistosoma mansoni had heavy infection intensity. Of the total female schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni, about 44.4% had a heavy infection. The prevalence and intensity of infection of Schistosoma mansoni in the study area are significantly noticeable, raising doubts on either the implementation or effectiveness of the interventional programs in remote areas of southwest Ethiopia. Strategies to end the disease as a public health threat, mainly in remote and endemic areas, should consider novel integrated strategies targeting the life cycle of schistosomes besides the large-scale mass drug administration.
The impact of Naples prognostic score on cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients-A multicenter study
Authors: Ran Yan , Yang Yuqi , Peng Yanzhe , Da Jingjing , Qian Zuping , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

background
Nutrition and inflammatory status is prevalent in hemodialysis(HD) patients, which is relates to the incident of cognitive impairment(CI). Naples prognostic score(NPS) is a comprehensive measure of patients’ inflammation and nutritional status. This study is to investigate the effect of Naples prognostic score on the risk of incident cognitive impairment in HD patients.
Methods
Two thousand seven hundred twenty-five HD patients were recruited and NPS score obtained based on albumin, total cholesterol(TC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination score (MMSE). Multiple Cox regression models, interactive analyses were conducted.
Results
Among 2725 HD patients (33.8%) experienced incident CI, the mean MMSE score was 26.87 ± 3.9. After adjusting clinical confounders, the association remained statistically significant, higher NPS was independently associated with increased rate of CI both as a continuous variable (OR = 1.106, 95% CI 1.018–1.202, p = 0.019) and as a categorized variable(OR = 1.552, 95%CI: 1.146–2.110, p = 0.015). The analysis illustrates a negative correlation between NPS and MMSE scores. This relationship was observed both as a continuous variable (β=-0.178, 95% CI -0.321 - -0.035, p = 0.015) and as a categorized variable, compared to those in the NPS 0–1 score group, those with 4 score group was associated with an additional 0.68 faster cognitive decline (p = 0.008). Further explored the relationship between NPS and the incidence of dementia, finding that NPS had higher risk of dementia with multivariate-adjusted ORs of 1.153 (95% CI 1.035–1.286, p = 0.010). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of NPS on CI was more pronounced in male, under 65 years, low educational levels, without diabetes and Cerebrovascular disease(CVD). Except male, low education level, and non CVD, in patients who HD frequency under 3 times per week the association between NPS and dementia was more significant.
Conclusions
NPS was independently associated with cognitive impairment in HD patients.
Farey tree locking of terahertz semiconductor laser frequency combs
Authors: Li Hua , Liu Guibin , Ma Xuhong , Zhou Kang , Liu Binbin , Zheng Lulu , Bi Xianglong , Wu Shumin , Lu Yanming , Li Ziping , Wan Wenjian , Zhang Zhenzhen , Peng Junsong , Zhang Ya , Zeng Heping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Frequency combs show various applications in molecular fingerprinting, imaging, communications, and so on. In the terahertz frequency range, semiconductor-based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are ideal platforms for realizing the frequency comb operation. Although self-started frequency comb operation can be obtained in free-running terahertz QCLs due to the four-wave mixing locking effects, resonant/off-resonant microwave injection, phase locking, and femtosecond laser based locking techniques have been widely used to broaden and stabilize terahertz QCL combs. These active locking methods indeed show significant effects on the frequency stabilization of terahertz QCL combs, but they simultaneously have drawbacks, such as introducing large phase noise and requiring complex optical coupling and/or electrical circuits. Here, we demonstrate Farey tree locking of terahertz QCL frequency combs under microwave injection. The frequency competition between the Farey fraction frequency and the cavity round-trip frequency results in the frequency locking of terahertz QCL combs, and the Farey fraction frequencies can be accurately anticipated based on the downward trend of the Farey tree hierarchy. Furthermore, dual-comb experimental results show that the phase noise of the dual-comb spectral lines is significantly reduced by employing the Farey tree locking method. These results pave the way to deploying compact and low phase noise terahertz frequency comb sources.
Operating principles of coupled feedback networks driving cell fate transitions
Authors: Rashid Mubasher , Hegade abhiram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Interconnected feedback loops are prevalent across biological mechanisms including cell fate transitions enabled by epigenetic mechanisms driving phenotypic plasticity of carcinoma cells. However, the operating principles of these networks remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify numerous coupled feedback loops driving phenotypic transition in carcinomas and CD4+ T cell lineage decisions. These networks have three generic structures, serial type (ST), hub type (HT), and cyclic, which we discover to be the hallmarks of lower- and higher-order dynamics. While networks having ST or cyclic topology exhibit multiple alternative states, those having HT topology enable at most two states. Irrespective of the topology, networks with autoregulated genes exhibit multiple states thereby “liberating” network dynamics from absolute topological control. We further show that topologically distinct networks with equal node or loop count exhibit different steady-state distributions, highlighting the crucial influence of network structure on emergent dynamics. Finally, we identify precise gene interaction targets to restrict the multistable network dynamics to a unique state. Our results thus unravel design principles of coupled feedback loops in enabling multiple alternative states while also identifying perturbations to restrict them. These findings can serve as crucial inputs to comprehend multi-fate decisions of cells and phenotypic plasticity in carcinomas.
DFT Prediction of Dichlorvos cyclodextrin complex
Authors: Naili Noura , Benaissa Amina , Chekkal Faiza , Zerizer Mohamed Amine , Zouchoune Bachir , Bouhadiba Abdelaziz , Redjem Nawel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the host-guest inclusion complexes involving Dichlorvos and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). We used the density functional theory with the dispersion correction (DFT-D) method. The computations employed the ωB97XD functional in conjunction with the split valence double zeta 6-31G (d, p) basis set. Our main goal was to look into the molecular structure, molecular interactions, thermodynamic features, inclusion process, and stabilization energies of Dichlorvos and β-CD inclusion complexes in gaseous and aqueous environments. Our findings revealed that the B orientation, where the chlorine atoms of Dichlorvos enter the hole of β-CD on its narrow side, is more energetically stable compared to the A orientation, where the chlorine atoms of Dichlorvos enter the hole of β-CD on its broadside. Furthermore, we thoroughly characterized the hydrogen bonds involved in these inclusion complexes. The non-covalent interaction (NCI-RDG) and independent gradient model (IGM) methods were used to describe these non-covalent interactions. Our results indicate that dispersion forces play an essential role in the hydrogen bond interactions with more electrostatic contribution. Additionally, we employed the energy decomposition method (EDA) to dissect and analyze the various bonding contributions in these complexes. Our findings underscore the critical importance of dispersion forces in stabilizing these complexes while highlighting the substantial influence of electrostatic interactions.
RETRACTED: Flexibility Potential Assessment of Fuel-Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Clusters Considering Owners' Willingness to Charge
Authors: Wang Qiujie , Liu Guanhui , Tan Hong , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The authors have requested the removal of their preprint from Research Square, due to current circumstances that make preprinting challenging at this time. The author's request does not imply errors or misconduct.
Mechanism of β-Al(OH)3 Scale Formation on Grading Electrode in HVDC Transmission Converters
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhou Weiqing , Li Peng , Wu Huacheng , Li Yongli , Ouyang Yipeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The issue of electrode deposits in the cooling water system of HVDC transmission converters has been a persistent challenge for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the converters. Existing research has predominantly focused on examining the origins and trends of electrode scaling through simulations involving variables such as electric field intensity, dimensions, and surface electric field distribution in the vicinity of the electrode. Nevertheless, there is a significant lack of research examining the impact of current characteristics on the formation of aluminum-containing electrolyte deposits on inert metal electrodes. In this study, a laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the scaling behavior of 304 stainless steel electrodes in an electrolyte solution, aiming to replicate the leakage current characteristics observed in practical grading electrode and elucidate the mechanism responsible for the formation of β-Al(OH)3 in scaling. The findings of the study suggest that stray current leads to the formation of scaling only when it surpasses the decomposition current intensity of water. When the intensity generated by the earthward current reaches one-third of the decomposition current intensity, it can also result in the formation of β-Al(OH)3 scale on the ground electrode. Therefore, the primary determinant influencing the scaling is the earthward current. This observation indicates that the processes by which stray current and earthward current induce the rupture of Al(OH)4− coordination bonds are distinct. The ions in the electrolyte solution exhibit displacement polarization towards the ground electrode as a result of the earth's zero potential constraint. The lack of formation of a Stern layer with ions by the coupling electrode located opposite to the ground electrode hinders the initiation of electrolysis reactions, leading to the absence of Faraday current. This proves that the formation of scale on the ground electrode in the earthward current is a physical process that does not involve electron exchange.
ResTANet: Development of Handwritten Character Recognition using Adaptive Fused Neural Network for Ancient Tamil Document Analysis
Authors: P Hariharan , Sasikaladevi N , Pradeepa S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Tamil handwritten text is a significant in automatic document image analysis, despite prolonged research, Education and Multilingual Communication. In practical scenarios, identifying handwritten Tamil characters poses significant challenges due to the diverse writing styles adopted by individuals. The variations in writing make certain letters particularly challenging to decipher, and only a limited number of individuals may be proficient in comprehending these Tamil character. Here, The ResTANet is developed to improve the quality of the Tamil handwritten character recognition system. The dataset is collected via Mendeley website's (Tamil language dataset), and Gaussian Filtering with Otsu thresholding is used to filter and binarize the data to eliminate noise. We utilized and optimized robust deep learning methods including ResNet101 approach. The essential features are extracted using ResNet101. The parameters such as character length, width, and statistical features are optimized using Adam optimizer. Text quality was assessed experimentally using our model, and its performance is compared with other state of art algorithms and attains 99.37% accuracy. This type of analysis will be useful for document digitalization, Education, Historical document preservation and health care.
Carbon Quantum Dot Sensitized Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Film for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Jangra Ashu , Sahai Sonal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (QDs) sensitized ZnO thin films, prepared by a simple route utilizing sol gel spin coating and hydrothermal method have been investigated for photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water. Time of sensitization has been optimized with respect to PEC response. A significant enhancement in photocurrent density and photon to hydrogen conversion efficiency has been witnessed for CQDs sensitized ZnO thin films. PEC results have been analysed with the help of various structural, optical and electrical characterizations, like XRD, TEM, absorption spectra, Photo current density and Mott schottky plot etc. Based on the data a diagram has been proposed for band edge alignment of Carbon QDs with ZnO, which also supports the enhancement in the PEC response.
Improved precision in oxytetracycline detection via fluorescence spectrometry impacted by pH
Authors: Huang Xiaodian , Yang Dong , Song Liang , Jiang Yongcan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Accurate quantification of antibiotics in environmental samples is typically challenging due to the low antibiotic concentrations and the complexity of environmental matrices. This paper presents a fluorescence spectrometry method for determining oxytetracycline under alkaline conditions. The ionic distribution of the oxytetracycline solution was analyzed based on its dissociation constant. The dimethylamino group played a crucial role in this method, as it promotes intramolecular charge transfer in the electronic excited state through its electron-donating capability with a lone electron pair. The presented method is straightforward, cost-effective, and holds potential for analyzing oxytetracycline in water sample after further investigation.
Long-distance migration assisted structural trapping during CO2 storage in offshore basin
Authors: Lyu Yanxin , Fang Xiaoyu , Li Hua , Wang Guifeng , Xin Yi , Li Haibo , Liu Weiji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Long-distance migration assisted structural trapping is an optimal structure for offshore geological carbon storage. Qualitative analysis of carbon trapping efficiency was investigated using CMG software, considering aqueous solubility and geochemistry reactions. CO2 migration, mineral mole changes, geochemical induced PH and porosity variations and carbon storage contribution were also examined. CO2 concentrates near the injection wells and migrates upward along the slightly dipping strata the disparity in density between CO2 and aqueous. After CO2 injection wells shut in, CO2 plume continues to migrate upward along the slightly dipping strata, transporting towards the upper anticline. A large amount of CO2 is still being trapped in the dipping strata due to wettability and capillary effects. Being dissolved CO2 into saline aquifer forming H+, the dissolution of anorthite provided Ca2+ and Al3+ required for the precipitation of calcite and kaolinite over time. Calcite is initially in the dissolved state, gradually converting to the state of precipitation. Dynamics of mineral dissolution and precipitation influence PH and porosity changes. There is a PH decrease area during CO2 migration. The porosity particularly near the wellbores showed a slightly decrease due to the deposition of previously dissolved minerals. The porosity around the top anticline experienced a substantial increase due to mineral dissolution in the formation. The proportion of structural trapping is continuously increasing during the CO2 injection period, and is decreasing during CO2 long-distance migration stage. Residual gas trapping displays the initially increasing and then decreasing trend due to wettability and capillary effects throughout the CO2 migration period. It is observed that long-distance migration assisted structural trapping enhances the long-term security of CO2 storage.
Phylosymbiosis and co-phylogeny in the holobionts of octocorals from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
Authors: Prioux Camille , Ferrier-Pages Christine , Deter Julie , Tignat-Perrier Romie , Guilbert Antonin , Ballesta Laurent , Allemand Denis , Water Jeroen A.J.M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Corals are the foundational species of coral reefs and coralligenous ecosystems.Their success is linked to their symbioses with microorganisms,therefore, the coral host and its symbionts are considered a single entity called the holobiont. But whether there is an evolutionary link between corals and their microbiomes has not been fully investigated. While there is evidence of phylosymbiosis in Scleractinian hexacorals, little is known about the holobionts of Alcyonacean octocorals.
Results
We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to explore the composition of the bacterial communities associated with 14 Alcyonacean species (belonging to 10 genera from 5 (sub)orders) collected from the mesophotic zones of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The low level of disturbance in mesophotic ecosystems allowed us to study potential evolutionary links (e.g., phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny) between these corals and their microbiota. Clear differences were observed between corals from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The low diversity and consistent dominance of Endozoicomonadaceae and/or Spirochaetaceae in the bacterial communities of Mediterranean octocorals suggested that these corals may have evolved in parallel with their microbiota. Phylosymbiotic signals were indeed detected and cophylogeny in associations between several bacterial strains belonging to Endozoicomonadaceae or Spirochaetaceae and coral species were identified. Conversely, phylosymbiotic patterns were not evident in Red Sea octocorals, likely due to the high bacterial taxonomic diversity in their microbiota, but cophylogeny in associations between certain coral and bacterial species was observed. Noteworthy were the associations with Endozoicomonadaceae, suggesting a plausible evolutionary link that warrants further investigations to uncover potential underlying patterns.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae in coral symbiosis and the significance of exploring host-microbiome interactions in mesophotic ecosystems for a comprehensive understanding of coral-microbiome coevolution.