bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzept zum Nachweis der Eignung von Härteprüfmaschinen*
Authors: Schenuit Eduard , Altmann Jürgen , Baumann Jürgen , Beisel Peter , Berthold Jürgen , Frenz Holger , Frost Edmund , Horsch Arnold , Rupp Dirk-Michael , Schwenk Dieter 
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung
Der Fachausschuss 3.23 “Härteprüfung” in der VDI/VDE Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) hat Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung einer Eignung von Härteprüfmaschinen auf Basis der üblichen Methoden bei der dimensionalen Messtechnik geprüft und auch die im Anhang G der ISO 6508-1 vorgeschlagenen Berechnungen zur Messunsicherheit betrachtet. Es wurden Ringversuche an Rockwell- Härteprüfmaschinen durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse werden Vorschläge für ein Konzept zum Nachweis der Eignung von Härteprüfmaschinen diskutiert. Unter Eignung einer Härteprüfmaschine wird die Eigenschaft der Härteprüfmaschine verstanden, bei Wiederholungsmessungen unter Laborbedingungen (idealen Bedingungen) Messergebnisse zu erzielen, die einer bestimmten, vorgegebenen Prüfaufgabe (vorgegebene Toleranz) unter Berücksichtigung der Messunsicherheiten genügen.
Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands in a Tempered Steel under Dynamic Loading and their Damage Effects
Authors: Atapek Ş. Hakan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study a low alloyed steel was selected and heat treatments including austenization, quenching and tempering were applied to it to obtain a hardened matrix. After heat treatments two steel plates ha-ving hardnesses of 315 and 320 HV were subjected to ballistic shots as target materials. The shots were carried out at 0° from a distance of 30 m to the target materials using API 55-7.62 mm armor piercing projectiles with a velocity of 835–840 m/s. Metallographical and fractographical examinations were carried out after the shots to investigate the behaviour of matrix under dynamic loading and to observe the formation as well as type of adiabatic shear bands and their effects on the nucleation and propagation of cracks within the matrix, in addition to the inclusions. In the etched samples a degenerated matrix compared to the original tempered martensitic-bainitic matrix was observed in the regions close to the penetration. On the other hand deformed and transformed types of adiabatic shear bands were observed as white bands. It is concluded that both types of adiabatic shear bands directly play an important role in the nucleation and propagation of cracks in addition to the inclusions within the matrix.
Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PM S390 MC High-Speed Steel
Authors: Šolić Sanja , Cajner Franjo , Leskovšek Vojteh 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Application of deep cryogenic treatment instead of conventional heat treatment showed an increase in wear resistance of tools made of high speed steel which are exposed to very complex and demanding conditions in exploitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of deep cryogenic treatment in combination with plasma nitriding on the tribological properties of powder metallurgy high speed steel, grade PM S390 MC. On treated specimens hardness and fracture toughness was determined, the resistance to intensive adhesive wear (galling) and dry sliding wear (dry sliding wear resistance) were also tested. Test results show that deep cryogenic treatment in combination with plasma nitdriding contributes to better abrasive wear resistance and better galling properties of tested powder metallurgy high speed steel.
Residual Stress Analysis of Steel Fibre Reinforced Composite Inverted-Tooth Chains
Authors: Yavuz Solmaz Murat 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate effects on the residual stresses of the fibre orientations and stacking sequences of the inverted-tooth chains which are made of transversely reinforced steel fibre thermoplastic laminated composite materials. For this purpose, fifteen different tooth chain models were created and stress analysis was performed with ANSYS 11.0 finite element program. For each fibre orientation and stacking sequence values of the yield loads where yielding of the inverted-tooth chain just initiates were determined. Then, loads subjected to the inverted-tooth chains were incrementally increased beyond the yield limits to determine plastic and residual stresses that were obtained by removing applied loads from the inverted-tooth chain. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that all values of residual stress components increased depending on the rising applied loads for all fibre orientation as well as for all stacking sequences.
Experimenteller Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis von Kurbelwellen: Vorstellung eines schädigungsäquivalenten Bauteilprüfkonzeptes
Authors: Rödling Steffen , Fröschl Jürgen , Decker Matthias 
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung
Die Kurbelwelle unterliegt im Betrieb einer komplexen Beanspruchung. Gerade die Übergangsradien der Lagerzapfen zu den Kurbelwangen sowie die Austritte der Ölbohrungen zur Schmierung der Haupt- und Hublagerzapfen stellen schwingbruchgefährdete Stellen dar, welche durch kostenintensive Fertigungs- und Oberflächenverfestigungsprozesse optimiert werden. Um die Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit dieser Maßnahmen in einer Betriebsfestigkeitsprüfung unter möglichst realitätsnaher Beanspruchung zu ermöglichen, wurde bei IABG mbH ein neues Kurbelwellenprüfkonzept entwickelt, welches im folgenden Beitrag vorgestellt und im Vergleich mit gängigen Kurbelwellenprüfverfahren diskutiert wird. Dieses Prüfverfahren ist gleichsam für Kurbelwellen von Reihen- als auch V-Motoren geeignet.
Piezoelectric Driven Testing Facilities to Research the Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime*
Authors: Fischer Christian , Wagener Rainer , Friedmann Andreas , Axt Christoph , Matthias Michael , Melz Tobias , Kaufmann Heinz 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cyclic low amplitude loading and a huge number of cycles characterizes the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime. The challenge in research of the Very High Cycle Fatigue regime is to apply this large number of cycles to fracture in an acceptable time frame. For this reason, it is essential to use a machine, which is able to operate at high frequencies of cycles. Two testing machine concepts with piezo actuators are presented in this study. In the first concept, a high performance piezo stack actuator is presented, in which the specimen and the load cell are mechanically assembled in series. This set-up applies forces up to 10 kN and testing frequencies up to 1000 Hz. The second testing facility is a hybrid testing system, which consists of an inertial mass actuator and a servo hydraulic actuator connected in parallel. Both systems are capable of testing normal specimen dimensions and provide the possibility to work with variable as well as constant amplitude loading.
Detection of Corrosion Processes and Fatigue Cracks by Means of Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Authors: Jagenbrein Andreas , Tscheliesnig Peter , Wachsmuth Janne , Bohse Jürgen 
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung
Fatigue crack growth and active corrosion processes are the main causes for structural failures of transport products like road tankers, railway tank cars, and ships. Within the 7th EC framework programme the aim of project CORFAT is to develop a new monitoring technology based on acoustic emission testing (AT) of the structural integrity in terms of proceeding degradation. Differentiation of acoustic emission (AE) signals of real degradation processes by fatigue crack growth or active corrosion from operational or environmental background noise requires the signal classification using also pattern recognition. Therefore, a data base of AE signals related to the different source mechanisms was built up experimentally. In this article selected results of corrosion and fatigue tests in the laboratory as well as results of monitoring background noise during moving of a road tanker are described.
Fatigue Testing of Carbon Fibre-reinforced Polymers under VHCF Loading*
Authors: Gude Maik , Hufenbach Werner , Koch Ilja , Koschichow Roman 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The rapidly developing market for high strength and high stiffness carbon fibre-reinforced composites demands among others for reliable damage evaluation methods for very high cycle fatigue loading (VHCF). For the analysis of the widely unknown damage behaviour at VHCF loading specific test principles and a shaker based fatigue test stand are developed. Key requirements herein are: high frequency fatigue (f > 150 Hz) without significant warming of the specimen, homogeneous stress distribution and minor through thickness stress gradients as well as adjustable mean stresses for the fatigue testing regarding specific failure modes. Using numerical and experimental investigations a promising solution for the given problem has been found in form of a shear force free bending test stand and a specifically layered specimen.
Microstructure and Microhardness Characterization of Cr3 C2 -SiC Coatings Produced by the Plasma Transferred Arc Method
Authors: Islak Serkan , Eski Özkan , Buytoz Soner , Karagöz Muzaffer , Stokes Joseph 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the coatings made of Cr3 C2 and SiC powder manufactured on AISI 304 stainless steel applied by the plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding process. SiC content in the produced coated layer was varied between 0–100 wt.% and the effect of SiC concentration on the microstructure and hardness of the coating was measured experimentally. SEM analyses revealed that the composite coatings had a homogeneous, nonporous, and crack-free microstructure. Dendrites and interdendrite eutectics formed on the coating layer, subject to the temperature gradient and the solidification ratio. There was a significant increase in the hardness of coating layers with the effect of the γ -(Fe,Ni), Cr7 C3, Cr23 C6, Fe5 C2, Cr3 Si, CrSi2, Fe>0.64 Ni0.36, CFe15.1, C-(Fe,Cr)-Si phases formed in the microstructure. In comparison to the substrate, the microhardness of the coatings produced by PTA were 2.5–3.5 times harder.
Calculation of S-N Curves for Different Mean Stresses on the Basis of “PHYBALmean” for the Quenched and Tempered Steel SAE 4140
Authors: Starke Peter , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Recently, a couple of methods for the physically based fatigue life calculation of metallic materials were developed at the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Kaiserslautern. The focus of these “PHYBAL”-methods is the reduction of the necessary experiments in comparison to the conventional determination of fatigue data. The application of the “PHYBAL”-method requires a limited number of high-precision fatigue experiments. In addition to conventional mechanical stress-strain hysteresis measurements temperature and electrical resistance measurements have to be carried out to characterize the cyclic deformation behaviour. So far the “PHYBAL”-versions “PHYBALW” (σW = endurance limit), “PHYBALLIT ” (LIT = load increase test), “PHYBALSB ” (SB = scatter bands) and “PHYBALmean ” (mean = mean stress) are available and were successfully applied on different unalloyed carbon steels as well as austenitic steels, cast irons and light alloy metals.
Prüfung linearer Bauteile auf Wälzfestigkeit
Authors: Karin Ivan , Hößbacher Johannes , Lipp Klaus , Hanselka Holger , Nommel Andreas 
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung
Die Untersuchung der Wälzfestigkeit linearer Bauteile, die durch ein neuartiges Kaltumformverfahren höhere Oberflächenhärten und geringere Rauigkeiten aufweisen, stellt prozessbedingt eine sehr große Herausforderung dar und erscheint in diesem Zusammenhang sinnvoll. Denn die momentan auf dem Markt befindlichen Prüfmethoden zur Wälzfestigkeitsermittlung basieren auf der rotationssymmetrischen Geometrie der Prüfkörper und stellen somit ein Ausschlusskriterium für lineare Bauteile dar. Um jedoch die spezifischen Eigenschaften, die aus dem Spaltprofilierprozess resultieren und die an die lineare Form der Spaltprofile gebunden sind, so real wie möglich simulieren zu können, wurde ein neuartiger Wälzfestigkeitsprüfstand für lineare Bauteile konstruiert, entwickelt und in Betrieb genommen. Mit diesem Prüfstand ist eine Bewertung der Wälzfestigkeit linearer Bauteile möglich.
Microstructure and Abrasion Wear Resistance of Thermally Sprayed Cermet Coatings
Authors: Utu Ion-Dragos , Hulka Iosif , Serban Viorel-Aurel 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
WC/10Co4Cr and WC/20CrC7Ni powders were sprayed onto the surface of low-carbon steel substrates using the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying method. Microstructure of the obtained coatings was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis as well as hardness and porosity testing were performed on the samples. The abrasion wear resistance of the coatings was determined using the rubber wheel abrasion test. The mass loss rate (mg/h) of the samples was measured and the test results showed that the WC-CrC-Ni coating has better abrasion wear properties than the WC-CoCr coating.
Methods for Polymer Diagnostics for the Automotive Industry*
Authors: Grellmann Wolfgang , Langer Beate 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The further development from polymer testing to polymer diagnostics leads to test methods with higher amount of information per test procedure as conventional tests. These changes contribute to fulfill the increased requirements in polymer testing and diagnostics. Selected examples of practice of industrial polymer testing show that these new methods can be applied appropriately to solve the issues of the automotive industry.
Empirical Correlation for Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Behaviour of Rock Surfaces under Different Normal Stress Conditions
Authors: He Wubin , Wu Zhian , Guo Zhaoseng 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This paper reports an improved constitutive model for the shear creep behaviour of offwhite marbles which are selected from slope or underground cavern and contain greenschist's weak structural planes. The shear creep behaviour of the samples is characterized by rheological tests. Based on the experimental measurements on mechanical properties under different normal stress conditions, an improved model is proposed to analyze the experimental results. It is demonstrated from a further discussion that such model can reflect the non-linear creep characteristics of structural planes, and especially, it is suitable for description of the viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformation behaviour of structural planes.
Study of p-6P Molecule Growth by In-Situ and Real-Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Yan Zhi Dan , Sun Li Dong , Zeppenfeld P. , Hu Chunguang , Hu Xiao Tang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
As an important analytical method for thin film growth, spectroscopic ellipsometry plays an active role in investigating thin film growth mechanism of molecular beam epitaxial especially under in-situ and real-time environment. In this paper, the dynamic data presenting p-6P molecule film growth on mica substrates at different evaporation temperatures have been obtained under ultra-high vacuum by a self-designed in-situ and real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry system. It is shown that the strength of p-6P molecular ellipsometry signal increases as the amount of molecule deposited increases, and there is a negative characteristic peak at 3.9 eV, caused by electron transition of the p-6P molecule from the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which can be considered to be an optical characteristics of p-6P molecule.
X-Ray Radiography of Ti6Al4V Welded by Plasma Tungsten Arc (PTA) Welding
Authors: Dikbas Halil , Caligulu Ugur , Taskin Mustafa , Turkmen Mustafa 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, X-ray radiographic tests of Ti6Al4V alloys welded by plasma tungsten arc welding (PTA) were investigated. PTA welding experiments were carried out under argon shielding gas atmosphere, at 1400–1600 W and 1800 W welding powers as well as 1 m/min, 0.75 m/min, and 0.50 m/min welding speeds. After this process, radiography of the welded joints was performed by X-ray diffraction. The result of the radiographic tests indicated that by increasing welding power the widths of deep penetration increased in all specimens. On the contrary, increasing welding speeds decreases the widths deep penetration. The best properties of Ti6Al4V joints were observed for specimens welded at 1800 W welding power and at 0.50 m/min welding speed.
Fatigue Failure Assessment of Metallic Specimens Using the Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Mohammad Mazian , Abdullah Shahrum , Jamaludin Nordin , Innayatullah Othman , Nopiah Zulkifli Mohd 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a process to determine the relationship between acoustic emission (AE) signals and the strain signal pattern for estimating material fatigue life. In addition, it establishes the usefulness of AE in predicting the fatigue life of metallic components. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the strain and AE signals to ensure that AE can also be used as a tool to predict the fatigue life of metallic specimens. Two types of sensors, i. e., the AE piezoelectric transducer and the strain gauge, were attached to SAE 1045 steel specimens during the fatigue cyclic test when the specimens were under constant loading. Two types of signals were obtained at three different applied loads (6.0 kN, 6.4 kN and 6.8 kN). Both signal types were then analyzed using a statistical model, and the results were used to correlate the fatigue life and AE signals. The fatigue life values were calculated using strain-life models. The correlation between the experimental and predicted values of fatigue life was then established. The results showed that the correlation between the r.m.s. AE values and the calculated fatigue life ranged from 74.0 % to 98.5 %, while the correlation between the kurtosis AE values and the predicted values was found to be between 95.0 % and 99.9 %. These correlation values showed that the AE technique can be used to predict the fatigue life of metallic specimens.
3D-Schallfeldsteuerung mit Matrixarrays für die Pipelineprüfung
Authors: Schenk Gottfried , Brackrock Daniel , Boehm Rainer , Willems Herbert 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Die Gefährdung durch Pipelines ist in der Öffentlichkeit wegen zahl­reicher Berichte über Unfälle weitgehend präsent. Warum? Weil jeder Unfall die Gefahr von massiven Umweltschäden mit sich bringt und bei Leitungen, die durch besiedeltes Gebiet führen, sogar mit menschlichen Opfern verbunden sein kann. Thema dieses Beitrags ist ein neuartiges Ultraschall-Verfahren, das eine schnellere, sichere und kostengünstigere Prüfung derartiger Rohrleitungssysteme erlaubt.
Optimization of Tensile Strength of Friction Welded AISI 1040 and AISI 304L Steels According to Statistics Analysis (ANOVA)
Authors: Ihsan Kirik , Ozdemir Niyazi , Firat Emrah Hanifi , Caligulu Ugur 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Materials difficult to weld by fusion welding processes can be successfully welded by friction welding. The strength of the friction welded joints is extremely affected by process parameters (rotation speed, friction time, friction pressure, forging time, and forging pressure). In this study, statistical values of tensile strength were investigated in terms of rotation speed, friction time, and friction pressure on the strength behaviours of friction welded AISI 1040 and AISI 304L alloys. Then, the tensile test results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95 % to find out whether a statistically significant difference occurs. As a result of this study, the maximum tensile strength is very close, which that of AISI 1040 parent metal of 637 MPa to could be obtained for the joints fabricated under the welding conditions of rotation speed of 1700 rpm, friction pressure of 50 MPa, forging pressure of 100 MPa, friction time of 4 s, and forging time of 2 s. Rotation speed, friction time, and friction pressure on the friction welding of AISI 1040 and AISI 304L alloys were statistically significant regarding tensile strength test values.
Weldability of AISI 304 to Copper by Friction Welding
Authors: Kirik Ihsan , Balalan Zulkuf 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Friction welding is a solid-state welding method, which can join different materials smoothly and is excessively used in manufacturing industry. Friction welding method is commonly used in welding applications of especially cylindrical components, pipes and materials with different properties, for which other welding methods remain incapable. AISI 304 stainless steel and a copper alloy of 99.6 % purity were used in this study. This couple was welded in the friction welding machine. After the welding process, samples were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically, and their microhardness was measured. Tensile test was used to determine the bond strength of materials that were joined using the friction welding method. At the end of the study, it was observed that AISI 304 stainless steel and copper could be welded smoothly using the friction welding method and the bond strength is close to the tensile strength of copper.
Bruchmechanisches Modell zur Ermittlung der Schwingfestigkeit von geschweißten und nichtgeschweißten Proben∗
Authors: Zerbst Uwe , Madia M. , Eufinger J. , Bruder Thomas 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Ermüdungsrisse gehen in technischen Materialien in der Regel von Werkstoffdefekten auf oder nahe der Oberfläche aus. Bei Schweißverbindungen können Schweißnahtdefekte, z. B. oberflächennahe Schlackeneinschlüsse die Risseinleitungsphase erheblich verkürzen, so dass der Hauptteil der Lebensdauer auf die Phase der Kurzriss- und zu geringerem Anteil auf die Langrissausbreitung entfällt. Bei nichtgeschweißten Bauteilen aus technischen Werkstoffen starten Ermüdungsrisse häufig an Einschlüssen, oberflächennahen Poren oder anderen Ungänzen. Einerseits ermöglicht dies prinzipiell die Anwendung bruchmechanischer Methoden zur Ermittlung der Schwingfestigkeit, andererseits müssen die Methoden in der Lage sein, spezielle Aspekte des Kurzrisswachstums wie den graduellen Aufbau des Rissschließeffekts und die lokale Rissspitzenplastizität zu erfassen. Im Beitrag werden ein geeignetes analytisches Modell sowie erste Validierungen an Proben aus verschiedenen Aluminiumlegierungen vorgestellt. Der abschließende Teil des Beitrags geht auf Besonderheiten von Schweißverbindungen (Schweißnahtdefekte, Eigenspannungen etc.) im Kontext des vorgestellten Modells ein. Eine Erweiterung des Modells für Schweißverbindungen aus Stahl wird im Rahmen eines kürzlich gestarteten DFG-AiF-Clusterprojekts erfolgen.