bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Onset of Vascular Wall Protein Synthesis with Increase in Lability of Blood Pressure in Rabbits
Authors: MacLean A. G. , Bevan R. D. , Hume W. R. , Ransom R. W. , Bevan J. A. 
Published: August 2015

1. Structural and functional changes resulting from baroreceptor denervation were studied in rabbits 4 days after surgery.
2. After section of the aortic and carotid sinus nerves, arterial pressure was characteristically labile although the mean pressures were not significantly different from those of control animals.
3. The responsiveness of isolated ear arteries and cephalic veins from deafferented animals to noradrenaline and electrical stimulation of their sympathetic innervation was similar in both groups.
4. Neuronal uptake of noradrenaline into arterial tissue was similar in both groups, although uptake into the cephalic veins of deafferented animals was less than in the control group.
5. [3H]Thymidine uptake, an index of DNA synthesis, was similar in both groups, radioautography revealing no difference in smooth muscle cell labelling.
6. Uptake of [3H]proline, an indicator of protein synthesis, by aorta, ear, brachial, basilar and renal arteries from deafferented animals was greater than in control animals.
7. Baroreceptor denervation altered protein metabolism in the arterial wall.
Haemodynamic Effects of Increasing Extracellular Potassium Concentration in ACTH-Induced Hypertension in Sheep
Authors: Scoggins B. A. , Coghlan J. P. , Denton D. A. , Fitzgerald Maureen , Graham W. F. , Mason R. T. , Schneider E. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. ACTH administration (20 μg day−1 kg−1) to sheep produces hypertension associated with a raised cardiac output and hypokalaemia.
2. The aim of the present experiments was to detail the haemodynamic changes associated with restoration of the extracellular potassium concentration in sheep with ACTH-induced hypertension.
3. After 7 days of ACTH treatment potassium chloride (10 mmol/h) was infused for 3 days to restore plasma [K+] to the pre-ACTH value.
4. ACTH reduced plasma [K+] from 4.4 ± 0.1 to 3.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l but 3 days of potassium chloride infusion returned plasma [K+] to 4.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l.
5. ACTH increased mean arterial pressure from 67 ± 2 to 88 ± 1 mmHg in the first 7 days and it remained elevated during potassium chloride infusion (91 ± 5 mmHg on day 10).
6. Cardiac output rose with 7 days ACTH treatment from 4.9 ± 0.2 to 6.0 ± 0.6 l/min but fell progressively with potassium chloride infusion to 4.9 ± 0.3 l/min on day 10.
7. These studies suggest that potassium status or extracellular [K+] may play a role in determining the haemodynamic profile associated with steroid-induced hypertension.
Central Blood Volume in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Normotensive Rats
Authors: Lundin S. , Folkow B. , Friberg P. , Rippe B. 
Published: August 2015

1. Central blood volume and total blood volume were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats at two ages (6 and 12 weeks), representing ‘borderline’ hypertension and early ‘established’ hypertension.
2. A technique was used where plasma and erythrocyte indicators were injected into conscious rats. Blood volume in the cardiopulmonary compartment, present in the ‘resting’ awake steady state, could then be estimated by sudden freezing of the entire rat.
3. Twelve week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats showed a decreased total blood volume, and the fraction of blood contained in the cardiopulmonary area was significantly increased compared with that of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats.
4. In 6 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, total blood volume was only marginally decreased but here also a tendency towards centralization of the blood was seen.
5. Thus, along with the development of spontaneously hypertensive rat hypertension, a decreasing blood volume tends to become increasingly centralized to the cardiopulmonary area. Both neuro-hormonal influences and structural wall changes in the low-pressure capacitance side may contribute to this.
Blood Pressure Variability in Man: Its Relation to High Blood Pressure, Age and Baroreflex Sensitivity
Authors: Mancia G. , Ferrari A. , Gregorini L. , Parati G. , Pomidossi G. , Bertinieri G. , Grassi G. , Zanchetti A. 
Published: August 2015

1. Intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 24 h in ambulant hospitalized patients of variable age who had normal blood pressure or essential hypertension. Mean 24 h values, standard deviations and variation coefficient were obtained as the averages of values separately analysed for 48 consecutive half-hour periods.
2. In older subjects standard deviation and variation coefficient for mean arterial pressure were greater than in younger subjects with similar pressure values, whereas standard deviation and variation coefficient for heart rate were smaller.
3. In hypertensive subjects standard deviation for mean arterial pressure was greater than in normotensive subjects of similar ages, but this was not the case for variation coefficient, which was slightly smaller in the former than in the latter group. Normotensive and hypertensive subjects showed no difference in standard deviation and variation coefficient for heart rate.
4. In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects standard deviation and even more so variation coefficient were slightly or not related to arterial baroreflex sensitivity as measured by various methods (phenylephrine, neck suction etc.).
5. It is concluded that blood pressure variability increases and heart rate variability decreases with age, but that changes in variability are not so obvious in hypertension. Also, differences in variability among subjects are only marginally explained by differences in baroreflex function.
Asymptomatic Mild Hyperuricaemia: An Indicator of Nephrosclerosis in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Messerli F. H. , Frohlich E. D. , Dreslinski G. R. , Suarez D. H. , Aristimuno G. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. Glomerular filtration rate, renal and systemic haemodynamics and intravascular volume were measured in 20 established essential hypertensive patients classified according to serum uric acid level into two groups (below 0.36 mmol/l, and above 0.54 mmol/l).
2. Although glomerular filtration rate was comparable between the two groups, renal blood flow was lower and renal vascular and total peripheral resistances were higher in the patients with the highest uric acid levels (P&lt;0.02).
3. Cardiac output, heart rate and splanchnic blood flow were similar in both patient groups but arterial pressure tended to be higher in patients with high uric acid levels.
4. These data suggest that unexplained hyperuricaemia in patients with essential hypertension most likely reflects early renal vascular involvement, i.e. nephrosclerosis.
Value of Combined Intravenous Renal Arteriography and Pyelography in the Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Fournier A. , Cecile J. P. , Remond A. , De Fremont J. F. , Makdassi R. , Andrejak M. , Hardin J. M. , Grumbach Y. 
Published: August 2015

1. The technique of combined intravenous renal arteriography and pyelography is described and results in 848 hypertensive patients are reported.
2. The procedure was tolerated better than Seldinger arteriography and the diagnostic accuracy for renal artery stenosis was 95%.
3. The prevalence of renovascular disease was 7%.
4. Cost-effectiveness calculations favour combined intravenous arteriography and pyelography rather than the usual approach based on assessment of the indications for Seldinger arteriography from clinical and urographic signs.
Human Leucocyte Antigens in Patients with Previous Essential Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Gudbrandsson T. , Herlitz H. , Hansson L. , Rydberg L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Human leucocyte ABC antigens were determined by means of a lymphocytotoxicity test in 27 patients with previous essential malignant hypertension and in 500 blood donors.
2. In 18 patients with grade IV retinopathy human leucocyte antigen B15 (HLA B15) was found in 44%, as compared with 23% in the control subjects (P = 0.888).
3. All patients with HLA B15 had a positive family history for hypertension.
4. In 18 patients with grade IV retinopathy HLA B15 was found in eight whereas none of the nine patients with grade III retinopathy had this antigen (P = 0.039).
5. Of the 27 patients, 19 had a positive family history of hypertension and of these eight had HLA B15, whereas none of the eight patients with a negative family history had this antigen (P = 0.068).
6. The findings do not rule out that HLA B15 may be associated with the development of the malignant phase in patients with essential hypertension, but a statistically significant relationship could not be established.
Effect of Therapy on Left Ventricular Function in Hypertension
Authors: Khatri I. , Gottdiener J. , Notargiacomo A. , Freis E. 
Published: August 2015

1. Twelve untreated hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was 171.8 ± 5.5 mmHg systolic and 119.7 ± 3.4 mmHg diastolic (mean ± sem) were treated aggressively with diuretics plus other antihypertensive agents. Echocardiograms were performed before, and 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after therapy. Blood pressures were lowered to an average of 142/98 mmHg over the 6 month period.
2. Mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening rose from 1.1 ± 0.09 to 1.3 ± 0.06 diameters/s at 2 weeks and remained elevated at the end of 3 months (1.3 ± 0.03 diameters/s) (P&lt;0.025), but returned to the control level in 6 months. Similarly, ejection fraction increased significantly during the same period from a control value of 65.1 ± 4.4 to 73.4 ± 1.8% (P&lt;0.025) and persisted in this range at 3 months. At 6 months the ejection fraction had returned to pretreatment levels. There were significant reductions in left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions. Left ventricular mass index decreased from 182.3 ± 18.3 to 163.8 ± 12.4 g/m2 after 6 months of therapy.
3. These results indicate that in the early stages of blood pressure reduction there is a temporary increase in ejection phase indices, probably related to afterload reduction. The reduction in the left ventricular mass index suggests that increased cardiac muscle mass due to elevated blood pressure may be partially reversible after long-term reduction in blood pressure.
Disparate Effects of Methyldopa and Clonidine on Cardiac Mass and Haemodynamics in Rats
Authors: Ishise Shozo , Pegram Barbara L. , Frohlich E. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats were given either methyldopa (400 mg day−1 kg−1) or clonidine (0.1 or 0.3 mg day−1 kg−1) for 3 weeks commencing at 20 weeks of age.
2. Both drugs significantly decreased mean arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive but not Wistar-Kyoto rats. Heart rate was significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats by methyldopa, whereas clonidine significantly decreased heart rate. The higher dose of clonidine also decreased heart rate in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance decreased slightly, but not significantly, with both agents.
3. Methyldopa, but not the lower equipotent depressor dose of clonidine, reduced left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the higher dose of clonidine also significantly decreased the heart to body weight ratio despite an increased total peripheral resistance presumably due to the α-adrenergic agonist effect.
4. Minimal changes in organ blood flows were noted with both drugs.
5. These results suggest that neither systemic haemodynamics nor central inhibition of adrenergic drive are primary factors responsible for the regression of hypertrophy.
Dose-Response Curve and Time Course of the Antihypertensive Effect of SKF 92 657, a β-Receptor-Blocking and Vasodilating Compound
Authors: Leonetti G. , Terzoli Laura , Sala Carla , Bianchini C. , Zanchetti A. 
Published: August 2015

1. The antihypertensive effect of the new drug, SKF 92 657, a hydrazinopyridazine derivative, possessing both β-adrenoreceptor-blocking and vasodilating properties, was investigated in essential hypertension.
2. Single oral doses of 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg did not produce any consistent decrease in blood pressure; 4.0 mg/kg was the threshold dose for a mild but not significant blood pressure reduction, whereas 8.0 mg/kg caused a significant and marked blood pressure decrease without clinically relevant changes in heart rate.
3. Continued administration of the drug for 7 days induced a significant and uniform reduction in blood pressure without tachycardia. The increase in systolic blood pressure and in heart rate caused by dynamic exercise was left unaffected by the drug.
A Comparison of the Acute Haemodynamic Effects of Propranolol and Pindolol at Rest and during Supine Exercise in Man
Authors: Svendsen T. L. , Carlsen J. E. , Hartling O. , McNair A. , Trap-Jensen J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Dose-response curves for heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were obtained in 16 male patients after intravenous administration of three increasing doses of pindolol, propranolol or placebo. All patients had an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction 6–8 months earlier.
2. The dose-response curves were obtained at rest and during repeated bouts of supine bicycle exercise. The cumulative dose amounted to 0.024 mg/kg body weight for pindolol and to 0.192 mg/kg body weight for propranolol.
3. At rest propranolol significantly reduced heart rate and cardiac output by 12% and 15% respectively. Arterial mean blood pressure was reduced by 9.2 mmHg. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly by 2 mmHg. Statistically significant changes in these variables were not seen after pindolol or placebo.
4. During exercise pindolol and propranolol both reduced cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure to the same extent. After propranolol mean pulmonary artery pressure was increased significantly by 3.6 mmHg. Pindolol and placebo did not change pulmonary artery pressure significantly.
5. The study suggests that pindolol may offer haemodynamic advantages over β-receptor-blocking agents without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity during low activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and may be preferable in situations where the β-receptor-blocking effect is required only during physical or psychic stress.
The Sympathetic Nervous System and the Renin-Angiotensin System in Borderline Hypertension
Authors: Henquet J. W. , Kho T. , Schols M. , Thijssen H. , Rahn K. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. Plasma catecholamine levels as well as plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration were compared in normotensive volunteers and in subjects with borderline hypertension. All subjects were studied at rest and during bicycle ergometry.
2. The two groups of volunteer subjects did not differ in the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline, both at rest and during physical activity. The same was true for plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration. Furthermore, urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid was similar in both groups.
3. The results do not support the assumption that there is increased sympathetic activity in subjects with borderline hypertension.
Role of Sensory Nerves in the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes with Isometric Forearm Exercise in Man
Authors: Duncan G. , Johnson R. H. , Lambie D. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. To investigate the stimulus to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during isometric exercise, two patients with sensory neuropathies affecting forearm afferent nerves were studied and their circulatory and respiratory responses compared with those of normal subjects. The contribution of pain to the cardiorespiratory changes was also investigated in normal subjects by using hypnosis to relieve pain during and after isometric exercise.
2. The patients and normal subjects performed fatiguing isometric forearm exercises on a handgrip dynamometer on at least two occasions, once with normal forearm circulation and once with the forearm circulation occluded by an arterial cuff during and after exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and ventilatory equivalent were measured before, during and after exercise.
3. During exercises with and without occlusion increases in blood pressure and heart rate in patients and in subjects under hypnosis were similar to those in control subjects. Changes in oxygen consumption were also similar to those of controls, but the patients showed a smaller rise in ventilation and no increase in ventilatory equivalent.
4. After exercise in normal subjects occlusion of the forearm circulation produced continued elevation of blood pressure and respiration. Blood pressure also remained elevated after exercise with occlusion in subjects under hypnosis, but not in patients with sensory loss. Respiration did not remain elevated in either subjects under hypnosis or patients.
5. The results suggest that cardiovascular and respiratory changes during isometric exercise can occur without involvement of muscle sensory nerves and that pain contributes substantially to the increase in respiration. Normal sensory innervation is apparently necessary only for maintenance of raised blood pressure after exercise with occlusion.
Purification and Characterization of Kallikrein from Plasma of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Toki Naotika , Sumi Hiroyuki , Takasugi Sumiyoshi 
Published: August 2015

1. A kallikrein-like enzyme in plasma of patients with acute pancreatitis was further purified by successive hydroxyapatite/cellulose and Sepharose-4B column chromatography.
2. By these procedures 0.26 mg of purified enzyme with a specific activity of 215 S-2266 chromozyme units/mg of protein was obtained from 10 ml of original plasma.
3. The purified material was homogeneous as ascertained by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and had an apparent molecular weight of 31 000 as measured by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.
4. It was confirmed immunologically that this enzyme was pancreatic kallikrein, which is distinct from plasma kallikrein, and that it could combine with α2-macroglobulin only in the presence of trypsin.
Total Body Potassium in Relation to Thyroid Hormones and Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Edmonds C. J. , Smith T. 
Published: August 2015

1. Body weight and total body potassium were measured in 23 hyperthyroid patients before and at various stages during treatment and in 19 athyreotic patients who were being treated with high-dose l-thyroxine.
2. In the hyperthyroid patients the total body potassium rose by 23 ± 2.8% (sem) within a few weeks of restoring the blood thyroid hormone levels to normal. The body potassium values after treatment were close to that expected in these individuals if they were healthy indicating that a considerable loss of body potassium is usual in hyperthyroidism.
3. The gain of total body potassium in hyperthyroidism averaged 71 ± 8 mmol for each kg of body weight gained (compared with muscle potassium concentration of about 92 mmol/kg). In contrast, weight loss produced by dietary treatment of obesity caused very little change of body potassium (maximum averaged was 14 ± 4 mmol/kg wt. loss).
4. Among the patients with hyperthyroidism, the greatest muscular weakness was present in those with the greatest body potassium loss and these patients regained a large amount of potassium relative to weight on recovery.
5. Total body potassium changes were closely related to total plasma tri-iodothyronine concentrations but unrelated to the thyroxine levels.
Effects of Rest, Exercise and Warming on Serum Creatine Kinase Levels in Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: O'Malley B. P. , Davies T. J. , Rosenthal F. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. Serum creatine kinase and oral temperature were measured in 20 patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after 48 h bed rest. Fifteen of these patients were heated during the 48 h period. The remaining five acted as control subjects. In addition, creatine kinase and oral temperature were measured in five control subjects after a 30 min period of exercise and again after a 30 min period of resting.
2. The oral temperature rose and the serum creatine kinase levels fell only in those patients who were actively warmed. In the control subjects the period of exercise followed by resting caused no significant change in creatine kinase levels.
3. A subnormal body temperature appears to be an important determinant of the raised serum creatine kinase levels seen in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Normal Urinary Protein Composition in the Female Wistar Rat and its Relationship to the Proteinuria Induced by Intraperitoneal Bovine Albumin
Authors: Lawrence Gillian M. , Brewer D. B. 
Published: August 2015

1. Normal female Wistar rats showed a wide range of baseline protein excretion and albuminuria and could be divided into two distinct groups: (a) low-to-intermediate excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was below 1.8 mg/24 h and (b) high excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was 1.8–22 mg/24 h.
2. In low-to-intermediate excretors ‘sex-associated’ urinary specific proteins, supposedly present only in male rat urine, were excreted in larger quantities than albumin which constituted only 10–15% of the total urinary protein.
3. In high excretors up to 50% of the urinary protein was albumin and other serum proteins were also present in relatively larger quantities than the urinary specific proteins.
4. Baseline albumin excretion appeared to be a good indicator of the inherent efficiency of the glomerular filter and this was reflected in the response to intraperitoneal injection of heterologous serum albumin since, during periods where no significant glomerular epithelial cell foot-process loss had been incurred, the levels of proteinuria induced correlated well with baseline albuminuria.
Intestinal Glucose Transport in Acute Viral Enteritis in Piglets
Authors: Telch J. , Shepherd R. W. , Butler D. G. , Perdue M. , Hamilton J. R. , Gall D. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. We studied intestinal glucose transport in pigs during the acute and convalescent phases of an invasive viral enteritis, transmissible gastroenteritis.
2. When diarrhoea was severe 40 h after experimental infection, net absorption of glucose, Na+ and water, measured by marker perfusion in the jejunum, was reduced; the enhancement of Na+ and water absorption in response to increasing perfusate glucose concentrations up to 120 mmol/l was diminished compared with the response observed in control and convalescent pigs.
3. Measured in vitro, 40 h after infection, unidirectional fluxes of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose across the jejunal epithelium were reduced and net absorption of the sugar was obliterated. Phlorizin (0.05 mmol/l), which completely inhibited net 3-O-methyl-d-glucose absorption in control tissue, had no significant effect on transmissible gastroenteritis jejunum.
4. Our data suggest that in this invasive viral enteritis, which closely resembles human rotavirus enteritis, glucose absorption is impaired as a result of defects in both active and passive glucose flux.
5. Differences between the mechanisms of viral diarrhoea, demonstrated by our study and those of the enterotoxigenic diarrhoeas, should be taken into consideration in formulating active therapeutic measures for children with acute viral diarrhoea.
Leucocyte ATP and Renal Failure
Authors: Mansell M. A. , Grimes A. J. , Jones N. F. 
Published: August 2015

1. We have measured adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels in isolated leucocyte suspensions from patients with renal failure.
2. Leucocyte ATP is reduced in these patients, unlike erythrocyte ATP which is known to be elevated in uraemia.
3. The relevance of reduced leucocyte ATP to the abnormalities of cation transport and cell function which occur in uraemia is discussed.