bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation in Patients With Fontan Physiology
Authors: Nathan Ashwin S. , Loukas Brittani , Moko Lilamarie , Wu Fred , Rhodes Jonathan , Rathod Rahul H. , Systrom David M. , Ubeda Tikkanen Ana , Shafer Keri , Lewis Gregory D. , Landzberg Michael J. , Opotowsky Alexander R. 
Published: December 2014

Background—

Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) refers to regular oscillations in minute ventilation (V
E
) during exercise. Its presence correlates with heart failure severity and worse prognosis in adults with acquired heart failure. We evaluated the prevalence and predictive value of EOV in patients with single ventricle Fontan physiology.

Methods and Results—

We performed a cross-sectional analysis and prospective survival analysis of patients who had undergone a Fontan procedure and subsequent cardiopulmonary exercise test. Data were reviewed for baseline characteristics and incident mortality, heart transplant, or nonelective cardiovascular hospitalization. EOV was defined as regular oscillations for >60% of exercise duration with amplitude >15% of average V
E
. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression. Among 253 subjects, EOV was present in 37.5%. Patients with EOV were younger (18.8±9.0 versus 21.7±10.1 years;
P
=0.02). EOV was associated with higher New York Heart Association functional class (
P
=0.02) and V
E
/V
CO
2
slope (36.8±6.9 versus 33.7±5.7;
P
=0.0002), but not with peak V
O
2
(59.7±14.3 versus 61.0±16.0% predicted;
P
=0.52) or noninvasive measures of cardiac function. The presence of EOV was associated with slightly lower mean cardiac index but other invasive hemodynamic variables were similar. During a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 22 patients underwent transplant or died (n=19 primary deaths, 3 transplants with 2 subsequent deaths). EOV was associated with increased risk of death or transplant (hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–10.0;
P
=0.002) and also predicted the combined outcome of death, transplant, or nonelective cardiovascular hospitalization after adjusting for New York Heart Association functional class, peak V
O
2
, and other covariates (multivariable hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.6;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—
EOV is common in the Fontan population and strongly predicts lower transplant-free survival.
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: Duerrschmid Clemens , Trial JoAnn , Wang Yanlin , Entman Mark L. , Haudek Sandra B. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Continuous angiotensin-II infusion induced the uptake of monocytic fibroblast precursors that initiated the development of cardiac fibrosis; these cells and concurrent fibrosis were absent in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). We now investigated their cellular origin and temporal uptake and the involvement of TNFR1 in monocyte-to-fibroblast differentiation.

Methods and Results—

Within a day, angiotensin-II induced a proinflammatory environment characterized by production of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and T
H
1-interleukins and uptake of bone marrow-derived M1 cells. After a week, the cardiac environment changed to profibrotic with growth factor and T
H
2-interleukin synthesis, uptake of bone marrow–derived M2 cells, and the presence of M2-related fibroblasts. TNFR1 signaling was not necessary for early M1 uptake, but its absence diminished the amount of M2 cells. TNFR1-knockout hearts also showed reduced levels of cytokine expression, but not of T
H
-related lymphokines. Reconstitution of wild-type bone marrow into TNFR1-knockout mice was sufficient to restore M2 uptake, upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, and development of fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II. We also developed an in vitro mouse monocyte-to-fibroblast maturation assay that confirmed the essential role of TNFR1 in the sequential progression of monocyte activation and fibroblast formation.

Conclusions—
Development of cardiac fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II was mediated by myeloid precursors and consisted of 2 stages. A primary M1 inflammatory response was followed by a subsequent M2 fibrotic response. Although the first phase seemed to be independent of TNFR1 signaling, the later phase (and development of fibrosis) was abrogated by deletion of TNFR1.
Ectopic Fat Depots and Left Ventricular Function in Nondiabetic Men With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Granér Marit , Nyman Kristofer , Siren Reijo , Pentikäinen Markku O. , Lundbom Jesper , Hakkarainen Antti , Lauerma Kirsi , Lundbom Nina , Nieminen Markku S. , Taskinen Marja-Riitta 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different ectopic fat depots on left ventricular (LV) function in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods and Results—
Myocardial and hepatic triglyceride contents were measured with 1.5 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy and LV function, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial and pericardial fat by MRI in 75 nondiabetic men. Subjects were stratified by hepatic triglyceride content into low, moderate, and high liver fat groups. Myocardial triglyceride, epicardial and pericardial fat, VAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue increased stepwise from low to high liver fat group. Parameters of LV diastolic function showed a stepwise decrease over tertiles of liver fat and VAT, and they were inversely correlated with hepatic triglyceride, VAT, and VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. In multivariable analyses, hepatic triglyceride and VAT were independent predictors of LV diastolic function, whereas myocardial triglyceride was not associated with measures of diastolic function.

Conclusions—
Myocardial triglyceride, epicardial and pericardial fat increased with increasing amount of liver fat and VAT. Hepatic steatosis and VAT associated with significant changes in LV structure and function. The association of LV diastolic function with hepatic triglyceride and VAT may be because of toxic systemic effects. The effects of myocardial triglyceride on LV structure and function seem to be more complex than previously thought and merit further study.
Cardio-Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Molecular Signatures of Endogenous Fibrosis and Exogenous Contrast Media
Authors: Vandsburger Moriel , Vandoorne Katrien , Oren Roni , Leftin Avigdor , Mpofu Senzeni , Delli Castelli Daniela , Aime Silvio , Neeman Michal 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Application of emerging molecular MRI techniques, including chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI, to cardiac imaging is desirable; however, conventional methods are poorly suited for cardiac imaging, particularly in small animals with rapid heart rates. We developed a CEST-encoded steady state and retrospectively gated cardiac cine imaging sequence in which the presence of fibrosis or paraCEST contrast agents was directly encoded into the steady-state myocardial signal intensity (cardioCEST).

Methods and Results—
Development of cardioCEST: A CEST-encoded cardiac cine MRI sequence was implemented on a 9.4T small animal scanner. CardioCEST of fibrosis was serially performed by acquisition of a series of CEST-encoded cine images at multiple offset frequencies in mice (n=7) after surgically induced myocardial infarction. Scar formation was quantified using a spectral modeling approach and confirmed with histological staining. Separately, circulatory redistribution kinetics of the paramagnetic CEST agent Eu-HPDO3A were probed in mice using cardioCEST imaging, revealing rapid myocardial redistribution, and washout within 30 minutes (n=6). Manipulation of vascular tone resulted in heightened peak CEST contrast in the heart, but did not alter redistribution kinetics (n=6). At 28 days after myocardial infarction (n=3), CEST contrast kinetics in infarct zone tissue were altered, demonstrating gradual accumulation of Eu-HPDO3A in the increased extracellular space.

Conclusions—
cardioCEST MRI enables in vivo imaging of myocardial fibrosis using endogenous contrast mechanisms, and of exogenously delivered paraCEST agents, and can enable multiplexed imaging of multiple molecular targets at high-resolution coupled with conventional cardiac MRI scans.
Norrin Protected Blood–Brain Barrier Via Frizzled-4/β-Catenin Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: Chen Yujie , Zhang Yang , Tang Junjia , Liu Fei , Hu Qin , Luo Chunxia , Tang Jiping , Feng Hua , Zhang John H. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Norrin and its receptor Frizzled-4 have important roles in the blood–brain barrier development. This study is to investigate a potential role and mechanism of Norrin/Frizzled-4 on protecting blood–brain barrier integrity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods—
One hundred and seventy-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation. Frizzled-4 small interfering RNA was injected intracerebroventricularly 48 hours before SAH. Norrin was administrated intracerebroventricularly 3 hours after SAH. SAH grade, neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to study the mechanisms of Norrin and its receptor regulation protein TSPAN12, as well as neurological outcome.

Results—
Endogenous Norrin and TSPAN12 expression were increased after SAH, and Norrin was colocalized with astrocytes marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in cortex. Exogenous Norrin treatment significantly alleviated neurobehavioral dysfunction, reduced brain water content and Evans blue extravasation, promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation, and increased Occludin, VE-Cadherin, and ZO-1 expressions. These effects were abolished by Frizzled-4 small interfering RNA pretreated before SAH.

Conclusions—
Norrin protected blood–brain barrier integrity and improved neurological outcome after SAH, and the action of Norrin appeared mediated by Frizzled-4 receptor activation, which promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation, which then enhanced Occludin, VE-Cadherin, and ZO-1 expression. Norrin might have potential to protect blood–brain barrier after SAH.
The Role of Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling in the Zonal-Mean Atmospheric Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Deser Clara , Tomas Robert A. , Sun Lantao 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The role of ocean–atmosphere coupling in the zonal-mean climate response to projected late twenty-first-century Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) at 1° spatial resolution. Parallel experiments with different ocean model configurations (full-depth, slab, and no interactive ocean) allow the roles of dynamical and thermodynamic ocean feedbacks to be isolated. In the absence of ocean coupling, the atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss is confined to north of 30°N, consisting of a weakening and equatorward shift of the westerlies accompanied by lower tropospheric warming and enhanced precipitation at high latitudes. With ocean feedbacks, the response expands to cover the whole globe and exhibits a high degree of equatorial symmetry: the entire troposphere warms, the global hydrological cycle strengthens, and the intertropical convergence zones shift equatorward. Ocean dynamics are fundamental to producing this equatorially symmetric pattern of response to Arctic sea ice loss. Finally, the absence of a poleward shift of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere westerlies in CCSM4’s response to greenhouse gas radiative forcing is shown to result from the competing effects of Arctic sea ice loss and greenhouse warming on the meridional temperature gradient in middle latitudes.
Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators between family socioeconomic status and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults
Authors: Cheng Gang , Zhang Dajun , Ding Fangyuan 
Published: December 2014

Aims: The social causation hypothesis suggests that the stress in connection with a depressing social position results in the development of mental disorders. This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying the link between family socioeconomic status (SES) and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was given to a representative sample ( N = 717) of undergraduate students (17–23 years old) at three universities in China. Correlational and structural equation modeling analyses were employed to test the hypothesized three-path effect of self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) as mediators between family SES and social anxiety. Results: Findings suggest the following: (1) the emerging adults belonging to families with low SES are at an increased risk of social anxiety, and (2) lower family SES caused lower self-esteem, which, in turn, serves to enhance the levels of FNE, thereby increasing social anxiety. Conclusion: In addressing the prevention and treatment of social anxiety, we conclude that preventive efforts toward improving self-esteem may help reduce social anxiety in individuals with low family SES.
Analysis of an Online Match Discussion Board
Authors: Kozin Elliott D. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Lehmann Ashton , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Golub Justin S. , Reyes Samuel A. , Emerick Kevin S. , Lee Daniel J. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: December 2014

Objective“The Match” has become the accepted selection process for graduate medical education. Otomatch.com has provided an online forum for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) Match‐related questions for over a decade. Herein, we aim to delineate the type of posts on Otomatch to better understand the perspective of medical students applying for OHNS residency.Study DesignRetrospective review of an OHNS Match‐related online forum.Subjects and MethodsSubjects were contributors to an OHNS Match‐related online forum. Posts on Otomatch between December 2001 and April 2014 were reviewed. The title of each thread and number of views were recorded for quantitative analysis. Each thread was organized into 1 of 6 major categories and 1 of 18 subcategories. National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data were utilized for comparison.ResultsWe identified 1921 threads corresponding to over 2 million page views. Over 40% of threads were related to questions about specific programs, and 27% were discussions about interviews. Views, a surrogate measure for popularity, reflected different trends. The majority of individuals viewed posts on interviews (42%), program‐specific questions (20%), and how to rank programs (11%). There was an increase in viewership tracked with a rise in applicant numbers based on NRMP data.ConclusionOur study provides an in‐depth analysis of a popular discussion forum for medical students interested in the OHNS Match process. The most viewed posts are about interview dates and questions regarding specific programs. We provide suggestions to address unmet needs for medical students and potentially improve the Match process.
Characteristics and Intraoperative Treatments Associated with Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer Complications and Failures
Authors: Hand William R. , McSwain Julie R. , McEvoy Matthew D. , Wolf Bethany , Algendy Abdalrahman A. , Parks Matthew D. , Murray John L. , Reeves Scott T. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between perioperative patient characteristics and treatment modalities (eg, vasopressor use and volume of fluid administration) with complications and failure rates in patients undergoing head and neck free tissue transfer (FTT).Study DesignA retrospective review of medical records.SettingPerioperative hospitalization for head and neck FTT at 1 tertiary care medical center between January 1, 2009, and October 31, 2011.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 235) who underwent head and neck FTT. Demographic, patient characteristic, and intraoperative data were extracted from medical records. Complication and failure rates within the first 30 days were collectedResultsIn a multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, reason for receiving flap, and type and volume of fluid given, perioperative complication was significantly associated with surgical blood loss (P =. 019; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.16), while the rate of intraoperative fluid administration did not reach statistical significance (P =. 06; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.28). In a univariate analysis, FTT failure was significantly associated with reason for surgery (odds ratio, 5.40; P =. 03; 95% CI, 1.69‐17.3) and preoperative diagnosis of coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 3.60; P =. 03; 95% CI, 1.16‐11.2). Intraoperative vasopressor administration was not associated with either FTT complication or failure rate.ConclusionsFTT complications were associated with surgical blood loss but not the use of vasoactive drugs. For patients undergoing FTT, judicious monitoring of blood loss may help stratify the risk of complication and failure.
Managing Advanced Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration in a Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Bükki Johannes , Nübling Georg , Lorenzl Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are characterized by rapid deterioration and a fatal outcome. Objectives: Admission triggers, treatment efficacy, and care patterns. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with PSP/CBD admitted to an inpatient specialized palliative care service. Results: In 38 patients, there were 63 admissions for swallowing difficulties, falls, pain, impaired communication, cognitive/mood disturbances, respiratory symptoms, and infection. Mean length of stay was 11.6 days. Treatment response was variable. In 68%, of admission episodes there was stabilization or improvement, 75% were discharged home. In case of readmission, the mean interval has been 9.7 months. Time since diagnosis and admission triggers were not associated with outcome or death. Conclusion: Patients showed high symptom load contrasting with discharge rates and subsequent health care utilization. Brief multidisciplinary interventions might be helpful to preserve autonomy.
Risk Factors for Wound Complications in Patients After Elective Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Wiewiorski Martin , Barg Alexej , Hoerterer Hubert , Voellmy Thomas , Henninger Heath B. , Valderrabano Victor 
Published: December 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of postoperative wound complications in elective foot and ankle surgery as well as the risk factors for postoperative wound complications. Methods: Two hundred ninety-five elective orthopaedic foot and ankle operative procedures were performed in 290 patients between January 2006 and June 2010. A logistic multiple regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for postoperative wound healing complications/infection. Results: The overall prevalence of postoperative wound complications within our cohort was 16.9%. In 4 patients (1.4%) deep infection was diagnosed requiring operative irrigation and debridement. Using a logistic multiple regression model we identified the following statistically independent risk factors: age ≥ 60 years (OR = 8.98, 95% CI = 3.55 to 25.02), tobacco use (OR = 48.77, 95% CI = 15.55 to 139.71), and tourniquet time ≥ 90 minutes (OR = 7.02, 95% CI = 2.77 to 19.32). Conclusion: Patients at risk for postoperative wound healing complications following elective orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery include those with higher age, tobacco use, and prolonged use of tourniquet. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III, comparative study.
Elevation in Total Homocysteine Levels in Chinese Patients With Essential Hypertension Treated With Antihypertensive Benazepril
Authors: Jiang Shanqun , Pan Mingluo , Wu Suwen , Venners Scott A. , Zhong Guisheng , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Weinstock Justin , Wang Binyan , Tang Genfu , Liu Dahai , Xu Xiping 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To investigate the effect of benazepril on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and to analyze the correlation between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and changes in Hcy levels in response to benazepril. Methods: A total of 231 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled, and benazepril was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/d for 2 weeks. Plasma Hcy levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment. Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was performed by TaqMan probe technique. Results: There was no significant change in Hcy level after benazepril treatment for 2 weeks ( P = .97). However, stratified by baseline Hcy levels, the patients with baseline Hcy <10 μmol/L had a significant increase in plasma Hcy levels ( P = .003). The results from the multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between baseline Hcy levels and the changes in Hcy levels found in both the unadjusted ( P = .002) and the adjusted model ( P = .004). Strikingly, we found no significant effect modification by the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the Hcy changes after benazepril treatment. There were also no statistically significant interactions of gene and environment factors (ie, gene smoking and drinking) on the changes in Hcy levels after benazepril treatment. Conclusion: Benazepril may cause an increase in plasma Hcy levels among patients with hypertension with low baseline Hcy levels, while effect modification by MTHFR C677T genotypes on the changes in Hcy levels in response to benazepril was not significant among patients with essential hypertension.
Can Plateletcrit be a Marker for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?
Authors: Aynıoglu Oner , Isık Hatice , Sahbaz Ahmet , Harma Mehmet I. , Isık Metin , Kokturk Furuzan 
Published: December 2014

Aim: To determine the utility of platelet (PLT) indices for the prediction of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Methods: In all, 208 patients who experienced 2 or more first trimester spontaneous abortions and 95 controls who had no abortions were studied. The hematological markers, including plateletcrit (PCT) and neutrophil (Neu) to lymphocyte (Lym) ratio (NLR), were measured. Thrombophilia genetic tests for factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G202I0A mutation, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677 T and A1298C mutations were performed. Results: The PLT count, PCT, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), Lym and Neu count, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with RPL than in controls. The RDW, PLT, and PCT values were higher in the low-risk group, whereas mean PLT volume values were lower than the high-risk group values. Conclusion: Plateletcrit is a low-cost, widely available marker for prediction of RPL in patients with a history of at least 1 abortus.
Acute myeloid leukemia ontogeny is defined by distinct somatic mutations
Authors: Lindsley R. Coleman , Mar Brenton G. , Mazzola Emanuele , Grauman Peter V. , Shareef Sarah , Allen Steven L. , Pigneux Arnaud , Wetzler Meir , Stuart Robert K. , Erba Harry P. , Damon Lloyd E. , Powell Bayard L. , Lindeman Neal , Steensma David P. , Wadleigh Martha , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Neuberg Donna , Stone Richard M. , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
The presence of a mutation in SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, or STAG2 is highly specific for secondary AML. Secondary-type mutations define an s-AML–like disease within t-AML and elderly de novo AML that underlies clinical heterogeneity.