bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming ABCB1 mediated multidrug resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Sarwar Sadia , Morozov Viacheslav M. , Newcomb Mallory A. , Yan Bowen , Brant Jason O. , Opavsky Rene , Guryanova Olga A. , Ishov Alexander M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. PCa that relapses after hormonal therapies, referred to as castration resistant PCa (CRPC), often presents with metastases (mCRPC) that are the major cause of mortality. The few available therapies for mCRPC patients include taxanes docetaxel (DTX) and cabazitaxel (CBZ). However, development of resistance limits their clinical use. Mechanistically, resistance arises through upregulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins such as MDR1/ABCB1, making ABCB1 an attractive therapeutic target. Yet, ABCB1 inhibitors failed to be clinically useful due to low specificity and toxicity issues. To study taxanes resistance, we produced CBZ resistant C4-2B cells (RC4-2B) and documented resistance to both CBZ and DTX in cell culture and in 3D prostaspheres settings. RNAseq identified increased expression of ABCB1 in RC4-2B, that was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analysis. ABCB1-specific inhibitor elacridar reversed CBZ and DTX resistance in RC4-2B cells, confirming ABCB1-mediated resistance mechanism. In a cell-based screen using a curated library of cytotoxic drugs, we found that DNA damaging compounds Camptothecin (CPT) and Cytarabine (Ara-C) overcame resistance as seen by similar cytotoxicity in parental C4-2B and resistant RC4-2B. Further, these compounds were cytotoxic to multiple PC cells resistant to taxanes with high ABCB1 expression and, therefore, can be used to conquer the acquired resistance to taxanes in PCa. Finally, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) with small molecule inhibitors (CDK4/6i) potentiated cytotoxic effect of CPT or Ara-C in both parental and resistant cells. Overall, our findings indicate that DNA damaging agents CPT and Ara-C alone or in combination with CDK4/6i can be suggested as a new treatment regimen in CRPC patients, including those that are resistant to taxanes.
TNC upregulation promotes glioma tumourigenesis through TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation
Authors: Xu Hongyu , Long Shengrong , Xu Chengshi , Li Zhengwei , Chen Jincao , Yang Bin , He Yongze , Xu Ziyue , Li Zhiqiang , Wei Wei , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGliomas represent the most predominant primary malignant tumor in central nervous system. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a central component in active DNA demethylation. However, the specific mechanisms of TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation in gliomas remain unclear. This research indicates TDG expression is overexpressed in gliomas and correlated with poor prognosis. TDG knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotype of gliomas both in vitro and vivo. Notably, RNA-seq analysis revealed a strong association between TDG and tenascin-C (TNC). ChIP-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR assays were undertaken to confirm that TDG participates in TNC active DNA demethylation process, revealing decreased DNA methylation levels and elevated TNC expression as a result. Silencing TNC expression also suppressed the tumor malignant phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, simultaneous silencing of TNC reduced or even reversed the glioma promotion caused by TDG overexpression. Based on our findings, we conclude that TDG exerts an indispensable role in TNC active DNA demethylation in gliomas. The DNA demethylation process leads to alternations in TNC methylation levels and promotes its expression, thereby contributing to the development of gliomas. These results suggest a novel epigenetic therapeutic strategy targeting active DNA demethylation in gliomas.
Inbreeding depression affects the growth of seedlings of an African timber species with a mixed mating reproductive system, Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen
Authors: Angbonda Dieu - Merci Assumani , Ilunga-Mulala Crispin M. , Bourland Nils , Beeckman Hans , Boyemba Faustin , Hatakiwe Hulda , Ngongo Jean Pierre , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelfing or mating between related individuals can lead to inbreeding depression (ID), which can influence the survival, growth and evolution of populations of tree species. As selective logging involves a decrease in the density of congeneric partners, it could lead to increasing biparental inbreeding or self-fertilization, exposing the population to higher ID. We assessed the influence of inbreeding on the growth of a commercial timber species, Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae), which produced about 54% of self-fertilized seedlings in a natural population of the Congo basin. We followed the survival and growth of 540 plants raised in a plantation along a gradient of plant density (0.07–15.9 plants per m2). Parentage analysis allowed us distinguishing selfed and outcrossed seedlings. The annual growth was higher for outcrossed than selfed plants, on average by 10.8% for diameter and 12.9% for height growth. Based on the difference in above ground biomass between selfed and outcrossed seedlings after 41 months, we estimated the level of ID at δ = 0.33, while a lifetime estimate of ID based on the proportions of selfed plants at seedling and adult stages led to δ = 0.7. The level of ID on growth rate did not change significantly with age but tended to vanish under high competition. Pericopsis elata is a particularly interesting model because inbreeding depression is partial, with about 26% of reproducing adults resulting from selfing, contrary to most tropical tree species where selfed individuals usually die before reaching adulthood. Hence, the risks of ID must be considered in the management and conservation of the species.
Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhao Wei , Luo Liang , Cong Muyu , Liu Xueyan , Zhang Zhiyun , Bahri Mounib , Li Boyu , Yang Jing , Yu Miaojie , Liu Lunjie , Xia Yu , Browning Nigel D. , Zhu Wei-Hong , Zhang Weiwei , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNanosizing confers unique functions in materials such as graphene and quantum dots. Here, we present two nanoscale-covalent organic frameworks (nano-COFs) that exhibit exceptionally high activity for photocatalytic hydrogen production that results from their size and morphology. Compared to bulk analogues, the downsizing of COFs crystals using surfactants provides greatly improved water dispersibility and light-harvesting properties. One of these nano-COFs shows a hydrogen evolution rate of 392.0 mmol g−1 h−1 (33.3 μmol h−1), which is one of the highest mass-normalized rates reported for a COF or any other organic photocatalysts. A reverse concentration-dependent photocatalytic phenomenon is observed, whereby a higher photocatalytic activity is found at a lower catalyst concentration. These materials also show a molecule-like excitonic nature, as studied by photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, which is again a function of their nanoscale dimensions. This charts a new path to highly efficient organic photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
Estrogen levels in young women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer on ovarian function suppression therapy
Authors: Tesch Megan E. , Zheng Yue , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Poorvu Philip D. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla , Schapira Lidia , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Borges Virginia , Come Steven E. , Snow Craig , Bhasin Shalender , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOvarian function suppression (OFS) benefits young women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer but they are at risk for ovarian function breakthrough. We assessed endocrine effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment in a prospective cohort of patients aged ≤ 40 years with HR-positive breast cancer. Plasma estradiol (E2), estrone, and follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured from blood samples drawn 1 and 4 years after diagnosis. Patient characteristics, invasive breast cancer-free survival (iBCFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between those with and without E2 > 2.72 pg/mL during GnRHa treatment. Among eligible patients, 54.7% (46/84) and 60% (15/25) had E2 > 2.72 pg/mL at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Factors associated with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL at 1 year were no prior chemotherapy (P = 0.045) and tamoxifen use (P = 0.009). After a median follow-up of 7 years, among patients with stage I-III breast cancer (N = 74), iBCFS events were seen in 6 (8.1%) with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL and 5 (6.8%) with E2 ≤ 2.72 pg/mL (P = 0.893). Among patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (N = 12), 6 (50%) with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL and 3 (25%) with E2 ≤ 2.72 pg/mL died during follow-up (P = 0.052). Larger studies exploring the clinical implications of incomplete E2 suppression by GnRHa are needed to ensure optimal OFS treatment strategies are being employed for this population.
Spin-selective transport in a correlated double quantum dot-Majorana wire system
Authors: Majek Piotr , Weymann Ireneusz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work we investigate the spin-dependent transport through a double quantum dot embedded in a ferromagnetic tunnel junction and side attached to a topological superconducting nanowire hosting Majorana zero-energy modes. We focus on the transport regime when the Majorana mode leaks into the double quantum dot competing with the two-stage Kondo effect and the ferromagnetic-contact-induced exchange field. In particular, we determine the system’s spectral properties and analyze the temperature dependence of the spin-resolved linear conductance by means of the numerical renormalization group method. Our study reveals unique signatures of the interplay between the spin-resolved tunneling, the Kondo effect and the Majorana modes, which are visible in the transport characteristics. In particular, we uncover a competing character of the coupling to topological superconductor and that to ferromagnetic leads, which can be observed already for very low spin polarization of the electrodes. This is signaled by an almost complete quenching of the conductance in one of the spin channels which is revealed through perfect conductance spin polarization. Moreover, we show that the conductance spin polarization can change sign depending on the magnitude of spin imbalance in the leads and strength of interaction with topological wire. Thus, our work demonstrates that even minuscule spin polarization of tunneling processes can have large impact on the transport properties of the system.
Bio-inspired flat optics for directional 3D light detection and ranging
Authors: Majorel Clément , Loucif Amir , Marinov Emil , Juliano Martins Renato , Patoux Adelin , Coulon Pierre-Marie , Brandli Virginie , Antolovic Michel , Bruschini Claudio , Charbon Edoardo , Genevet Patrice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe eyes of arthropods, such as those found in bees and dragonflies, are sophisticated 3D vision tools that are composed of an array of directional microlenses. Despite the attempts in achieving artificial panoramic vision by mimicking arthropod eyes with curved microlens arrays, a wealth of issues related to optical aberrations and fabrication complexity have been reported. However, achieving such a wide-angle 3D imaging is becoming essential nowadays for autonomous robotic systems, yet most of the available solutions fail to simultaneously meet the requirements in terms of field of view, frame rate, or resistance to mechanical wear. Metasurfaces, or planar nanostructured optical surfaces, can overcome the limitation of curved optics, achieving panoramic vision and selective focusing of the light on a plane. On-chip vertical integration of directional metalenses on the top of a planar array of detectors enables a powerful bio-inspired LiDAR that is capable of 3D imaging over a wide field of view without using any mechanical parts. Implementation of metasurface arrays on imaging sensors is shown to have relevant industrial applications in 3D sensing that goes beyond the basic usage of metalenses for imaging.
The Relationship Between Poststroke Dysphagia and Poststroke Depression and Its Risk Factors
Authors: Horn Janet , Simpson Kit N. , Simpson Annie N. , Bonilha Leonardo F. , Bonilha Heather S. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
A diagnosis of dysphagia and/or depression after stroke can impact the physical, psychological, and social welfare of stroke survivors. Although poststroke depression (PSD) and poststroke dysphagia are known to occur concurrently, there is a paucity of research that has specifically investigated their association. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between PSD and poststroke dysphagia during acute inpatient hospitalization and within 90 days after discharge. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the odds and hazard of being diagnosed with depression after stroke and estimate the time to depression diagnosis from the initial stroke diagnosis in patients with and without a diagnosis of dysphagia.

Method:
Using the acute inpatient hospital data set from our previous work, we pulled additional postdischarge administrative claims data from the 2017 Medicare 5% Limited Data Set and conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with poststroke dysphagia and PSD.

Results:
Patients diagnosed with poststroke dysphagia had 2.7 higher odds of being diagnosed with PSD and had an approximately 1.75-fold higher hazard for PSD diagnosis in the 90 days after discharge compared to patients not diagnosed with dysphagia. Risk factors for PSD included having dysphagia, being female, and having dual eligibility.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated a significant association between PSD and poststroke dysphagia. Additional research should further explore the impact of PSD on poststroke dysphagia.
Prospects of directly using closure traces for imaging in very long baseline interferometry
Authors: Müller Hendrik 
Published: August 2024

Context. The reconstruction of the polarization of a source in radio interferometry is a challenging calibration problem since the reconstruction strongly depends on the gains and leakages, which need to be inferred along with the image. This is particularly true for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) due to its small number of antennas, low signal-to-noise ratio, and large gain corruptions.
Aims. To recover linear polarization, one has to either infer the leakages and gains together with the image structure or rely completely on calibration-independent closure quantities. While the first approach has been explored in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for a long time, the latter has been less studied for polarimetry.
Methods. Closure traces are a recently proposed concept of closure quantities that, in contrast to closure phases and closure amplitudes, are independent of both gains and leakages and carry the relevant information about the polarization of the source. Here we explore how closure traces can be directly fitted to create an image, and we identify an imaging pipeline that succeeds in direct imaging from closure traces.
Results. Since closure traces have a number of inherent degeneracies, multiple local image modes that can fit the data are detected. Therefore, a multi-objective imaging technique is needed to correctly sample this multi-modality.
Conclusions. Closure traces are not constraining enough for the current EHT configuration to recover an image directly, mainly due to the small number of antennas. For planned successors of the EHT, however (with a significantly larger number of antennas), this option will become feasible and will be competitive with techniques that use imaging with residual leakages.
Redução fechada assistida por Kapandji e fixação percutânea com fio de Kirschner em fraturas do úmero proximal em adolescentes: Nota técnica
Authors: Turazza Florencia , Zimmermann Faggion Heloisa , Masquijo Julio Javier 
Published: August 2024

ResumoAs fraturas proximais do úmero representam aproximadamente 3 a 5% de todas as fraturas pediátricas e em adolescentes, com maior incidência em crianças mais velhas, principalmente entre 10 e 15 anos de idade. Fraturas sem luxação ou com luxação mínima geralmente podem ser tratadas de forma conservadora. No entanto, o manejo das fraturas proximais do úmero com luxação ou instabilidade em adolescentes pode exigir intervenção cirúrgica; nesses casos, a redução fechada e a fixação percutânea (CRPP, na sigla em inglês) são as técnicas mais empregadas. A CRPP não é isenta de possíveis desafios e dificuldades potenciais. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever uma técnica que pode facilitar a CRPP e minimizar as complicações associadas a esta abordagem cirúrgica.
Tuning the excitation laser power in a stochastic optical reconstruction microscope for Alexa Fluor 647 dye in Vectashield mounting media
Authors: Kumar Amalesh , Bharadwaj Anupam , Choudhury Pranjal , Mathew Sam P. , Jaganathan Bithiah Grace , Boruah Bosanta R. 
Published: August 2024

Super-resolution imaging techniques have fundamentally changed our understanding of cellular architecture and dynamics by surpassing the diffraction limit and enabling the visualization of subcellular details. The popular super-resolution method known as stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) relies on the exact localization of single fluorescent molecules. The significance of employing Vectashield as a mounting medium for the super-resolution imaging scheme called direct STORM has recently been explored. Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647), one of the most popular dyes, shows significant blinking in Vectashield. However, to observe prominent blinking of the fluorophore for the reconstruction of super-resolved images, the power of the excitation laser needs to be tuned. This work demonstrates the tuning of excitation power density in the sample plane for superior imaging performance using AF647 in Vectashield. Samples comprising MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line are used for the experiments. The actin filaments of the cell are stained with phalloidin-conjugated AF647 dye. For the experiment, we employ a low-cost openFrame-based STORM system equipped with a programmable Arduino-regulated laser source emitting at 638 nm. An excitation power density of 0.60 kW/cm2 at 638 nm in the sample plane is observed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, the number of switching events, and the number of photons detected per event during image acquisition, thereby leading to the best imaging performance in terms of resolution. The outcome of this work will promote further STORM-based super-resolved imaging applications in cell biology using Alexa Fluor 647 in Vectashield.
COSMONAUT: A COmpact spectrometer for measurements of neutrons at the ASDEX upgrade tokamak
Authors: Nocente M. , Molin A. Dal , Rigamonti D. , Rosa M. Dalla , Fernández B. , Fugazza S. , Guerrero C. , Gorini G. , Kazakov Y. , Tardini G. , Tardocchi M. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team,   Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: August 2024

A COmpact Spectrometer for Measurements Of Neutrons at the ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak (COSMONAUT) has been developed for spectroscopy measurements of the 2.45 MeV neutron emission from deuterium plasmas at the ASDEX Upgrade. The instrument is based on a CLYC-7 inorganic scintillator, whereby the detection of fusion neutrons occurs via their interaction with 35Cl nuclei in the detector crystal, leading to a peak in the detector response function and providing excellent neutron/gamma-ray discrimination capabilities. The diagnostics is installed along a radial line of sight and makes use of a digital system to record time resolved data for the whole duration of the discharge. Measurements in ASDEX Upgrade plasmas with neutral beam injection have been carried out and are successfully interpreted using state-of-the-art modeling codes. Next step applications of the diagnostics are in experiments aimed at generating energetic particles by ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes. In these scenarios, COSMONAUT will provide unique information on the acceleration of deuterons beyond the beam injection energy and on their confinement, for comparison with modeling.
Design of a multichannel vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy system for SPARC
Authors: Song I. , Reinke M. L. , Raimond J. L. , Ferrera A. , Miner I. , Saltos A. A. 
Published: August 2024

The design of a vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy system has been performed to monitor and provide feedback for impurity control in SPARC. The spectrometer, covering a wavelength range of 10–2000 Å through a flat-field configuration with diffraction gratings, incorporates five survey lines of sight. This allows for comprehensive impurity analysis across the core and four divertor regions (inner/outer and upper/lower). Its compact modular design facilitates vertical stacking of each spectrometer unit, significantly reducing space in the tokamak hall, where a dedicated radiation shielding bunker will be built. Safety features include a secondary helium enclosure to mitigate tritium permeation risks during deuterium–tritium (D–T) operations and shielding within the beamlines for enhanced radiation protection. The silicon carbide mirror design for divertor observation ensures its survivability in the in-vessel environment of SPARC, validated by thermal and electromagnetic analysis. Signal modeling and data acquisition testing results show that an exposure time of a few milliseconds is appropriate considering photon flux reaching the detector, demonstrating the system’s capability for discharge control that includes disruption avoidance.
Nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann solutions for charged parallel plates: When opposite charges repel
Authors: Travesset Alex 
Published: August 2024

I present an exact solution of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation for two parallel plates and discuss the solution properties. I discuss in more detail plates with opposite charges: In this case, there are two critical separations, Lc,1 &lt; Lc,2. For separations less than Lc,1, the force between plates is repulsive. It switches to attractive at Lc,1, but with the electric potential having the same sign on both plates. For L &gt; Lc,2, the force remains attractive, and the potential at the plates has the same sign as the charge on each plate. I also describe charge regulation, determined by pKa, and provide formulas for both the critical distance where oppositely charged plates repel and their charging process. The implications of these results for the nanoparticle assembly, as driven by electrostatic interactions, are also discussed.