bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pollinating Insects on Fruiting of Two Cultivars of Lonicera caerulea L.
Authors: Bożek Małgorzata 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In 2004 and 2006-2008, a study was conducted on the effect of pollinating insects on the fruit, seed set, and development of two cultivars of blue honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea (Sevast.) Pojark.: "Atut" and "Duet". The experiment was carried out in south-eastern Poland, at the Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland. Flowers accessible to pollinating insects throughout the whole flowering period, set fruit at a very high percentage. The study average was 90.57% for "Duet" and 88.08% for "Atut". During self-pollination under isolation, on the other hand, the percentage of fruit-bearing flowers was low. In the case of "Atut" the average was 9.37%, whereas for "Duet" it was 23.85%. Multiple fruits formed from isolated flowers had a 45-50% lower weight, on average, than those developed from flowers accessible to pollinating insects. The pollination mode was found to have a significant effect on the number of seeds produced in the multiple fruit. Flowers which were isolated to prevent insect foraging did develop multiple fruits, characterized by a significantly lower number of seeds. The recent studies confirm that several cultivars should be planted on honeysuckle acreage. The presence of managed pollinators can increase quantity and improve quality of fruit yield in honeysuckle.
Detection of Nosema spp. in Worker Bees of Different Ages During the Flow Season
Authors: Sokół Rajmund , Michalczyk Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify which Nosema species infect those Apis mellifera worker bees performing different functions in the colony. Samples were taken from different places inside and outside the hive, in the honey flow season. In February 2010, winter hive debris from 30 colonies was analyzed, and based on the microsporidian species identified by multiplex PCR. The following bee colonies (none of which displayed clinical symptoms of the disease) were selected for further analyses to determine the occurrence of microsporidian parasites: 1) colony A/C infected with Nosema apis and N. ceranae (mixed infection), 2) colony A infected with N. apis, 3) colony C - infected with N. ceranae, and 4) colony K - the control, which was free of infection. Between April and August, 20 nurse bees from frames of open brood, and 20 forager bees returning to the hive from pollen-collecting trips were randomly selected from each colony at 30-day intervals. The results of the study indicate that the microsporidian species is determined not only by the type of worker bee (sampling site), but also by the period (month) of the sample collection. Our findings also suggest that regardless of the type of initial infection, bees infected by different microsporidian species and bees free from infection can coexist in colonies.
Flower Preferences of the Wrocław Botanical Garden Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Authors: Sikora Aneta , Kelm Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are morphologically different from each other as determined by the length of their tongue. Seven species of bumblebees were identified in the Wrocław Botanical Garden: the long-tongued Bombus hortorum, and the medium-tongued B. pascuorum, and the 5 short-tongued species, Bombus hypnorum, Bombus lapidarius, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lucorum, and Bombus pratorum. Bumblebees were observed so that their choice of food within the botanical family could be determined. The shape and colour choice of the flower was particularly noted. Bumblebees showed the highest degree of preference for the Lamiaceae family. The Boraginaceae family was also used by all of the recorded species. Bumblebees found pink and purple, lipped, capitular/ globular, and saucer-shaped flowers to be most attractive. The individual species of bumblebees showed different preferences, which may be explained by the differences in their morphology. However, bumblebee flower preference and selection seems to be more complex and requires further, detailed research.
Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production
Authors: Nuru Adgaba , Awad Awad M. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmad A. , Alqarni Abdulaziz S. , Radloff Sarah E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The nectar secretion of Ziziphus flowers was studied by removing and measuring the nectar every four hours, for two consecutive days, from 88 flowers of four trees (‘repeated sampling’). In another 120 flowers from the same trees, the accumulated sugar was measured at the end of the flowering stage. The mass of the nectar sugar was determined following the washing technique. The total amount of sugar per tree was calculated by multiplying the number of flowers per tree by the average mass of nectar sugar secreted per flower. The average mass of sugar produced per flower in repeated sampling was 0.79±0.54 mg/flower (range 0.09 - 2.48 mg). The average mass of sugar per flower for each of the four investigated trees was 1.43±0.53 mg, 0.72±0.27 mg, 0.94±0.39 mg and 0.37±0.26 mg, respectively. The differences among trees was statistically significant. For accumulated nectar, the overall average mass of sugar per flower was 0.55±0.23 mg (range 0.06 - 1.29 mg) and the average values for flowers on the investigated trees of Z. spina-christi were 0.69±0.26 mg, 0.41±0.16 mg, 0.51±0.16 mg and 0.53±0.21 mg; these variations were statistically significant. The average mass of nectar sugar calculated for the flowers with accumulated nectar sampling was significantly lower than the average mass of sugar recorded for repeated nectar sugar samplings (0.79±0.54 mg). According to this study, one Ziziphus tree is estimated to produce 3.6 kg of honey (range 2.2 - 5.2 kg), equivalent to about 900 kg of honey/ha (range 550 - 1300 kg). These figures indicate the high potential value of the plant for honey production. Nectar secretion was positively correlated with temperature, indicating the adaptation of the tree to hot climates.
Effect of Initial Strength of Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera) Supered in Different Ways on Maximizing Honey Production in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Khem Raj , Woyke Jerzy , Wilde Jerzy 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate the effect of the original strengths of honey bee colonies supered in different ways, on the production of honey by Apis mellifera bees in the Terai region of Nepal. Bee colonies of three different original strengths, in which the bees covered 5, 10 and 20 combs, were supered in three different methods. The results showed that honey production was highly correlated to the number of worker brood cells in the colonies (r = 0.96, p = 0.003). Colonies of 5 comb initial strength (CIS), as farmers’ practices in Nepal, produced the lowest amount of honey (30.1 kg per annum). Bees in colonies of 10 CIS with a deep super, produced twice as much honey (62.2 kg), and colonies of 20 CIS with deep supers produced even significantly more honey (74.5 kg). However, the relationship between the financial values of the produced honey to the cost of its production was the highest - 1.52 : 1 for colonies of 10 CIS with a deep super. Therefore, this bee colony management is recommended to the beekeepers in the Terai region and lower hills of Nepal. This fi nding has global application.
Use of Honeybees as Bio-Indicators of Environmental Pollution in the Kurdistan Province of Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Amin , Mozafari Ali-Akbar , Bahmani Reza , Shokri Kamran 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of these elements: Hg, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mn, Li, As, Na and K in the bodies of bees. Honeybee samples were randomly collected from apiaries located in four counties of the province of Kurdistan. The four counties were: Marivan, Bijar, Kamyaran and Ghorveh. The data obtained from this study showed that K had the highest concentration, followed by Na, Ca, Hg, Ba, Fe, Mn, Li and As. From among all the sites, there were no significant differences recorded between the concentrations of the different metals. The results did show that three minerals groups were able to be differentiated: elements that were very abundant, elements in a medium concentration, and trace elements. The first group consisted of K and Na, with a range from 41.857 to 47.871, and 12.653 to 16.183 ppm, respectively. The second mineral group was composed of Ca, Hg, Ba, and Fe, where Ca was the most abundant element (with a range of 9.077 to 10.058 ppm), followed by Hg (1.12-4.786 ppm), Ba (2.881-3.481 ppm), and Fe (1.050-1.727 ppm). The third mineral group was composed of Mn, Li and As. They ranged from 0.262 to -0.399, and from 0.043 to 0.101, and from 0.017 to 0.068 ppm, respectively.
Spatial Diversification of Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes) Assemblages in Forest Communities of the Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park
Authors: Bąk-Badowska Jolanta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study, carried out from April to October in 2004 and 2005, was to characterise bee (Apiformes) assemblages in the phytosociologically diversified forest communities of the Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park. Moericke colour traps were used to capture the bees. The five study sites yielded 76 bee species. There was a predominance of representatives from the families Apidae (28 species, 900 individuals) and Andrenidae (20 species, 222 individuals). The indices of species diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) reached their highest values in a mixed coniferous forest (BM) site, and reached their lowest values in a fi r forest (BJ) site. Qualitative and quantitative similarity of assemblage structure was highest in assemblages in mixed coniferous forest, mesic coniferous forest, and oak-hornbeam forest habitats, decreasing in floristically poor habitats not favourable to nesting, i.e. fi r forest and riparian forest. Traps placed on the forest floor in ground cover contained more individuals and species of bees, with 1192 individuals (88.8%) and 76 species, than in the canopy layer, with 150 individuals (11.2%) and 23 species. This trend was consistent across all the habitats in the Landscape Park.
The Effect of Amphotericin B on the Lifespan, Body-surface Protein Concentrations, and DNA Methylation Levels of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Strachecka Aneta , Borsuk Grzegorz , Olszewski Krzysztof , Paleolog Jerzy , Gagoś Mariusz , Chobotow Jacek , Nawrocka Agnieszka , Gryzińska Magdalena , Bajda Milena 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Three groups of caged bees were fed with sugar syrup (the control), sugar syrup supplemented with amphotericin B (AmB) in a dose of 0.5 mg/ml, and sugar syrup with AmB in a dose of 0.25 mg/ ml. Amphotericin B shortened the life span of the bees and reduced the level of global DNA methylation compared to the control, however, it increased the body-surface protein concentrations. In the hindguts of the bees, there were found AmB deposits. Honeybees appear to be a useful model for studying the side effects of anti-fungal AmB therapy. Among other things, epigenetic changes and senescence acceleration are considered to be the side effects of the therapy.
Oxidative Stress and Nasal Polyposis: Does it Affect the Severity of the Disease?
Authors: Topal Ozgul , Kulaksızoglu Sevsen , Erbek Selim S. 
Published: January 2014

Background Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease and the waste products of this inflammation are reactive oxygen species composed of free radicals. Changes in oxidative status have already been revealed in NP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative status to the severity of the disease and the quality of life. Methods The study group included 24 patients with NP and 20 controls. The Turkish version of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index, visual analog scale (VAS), polyp stage, computed tomography (CT) score, and the eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels in nasal lavage (NAL) fluid were used to assess the severity of the disease. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in NAL fluids were measured representing the oxidative stress. Results NO values were correlated with nasal congestion (p = 0.031). TAS values were correlated with nasal obstruction (p = 0.039). ECP values showed correlation with all the nasal obstruction (p = 0.003), congestion (p = 0.009), rhinorrhea (p = 0.009), and VAS scores (p = 0.039). Conclusion In NP, ECP levels detected in NAL fluid were significantly high and were correlated with the severity of the disease. Moreover, the severity of oxidative stress, in the forms of TAS and NO, is significantly correlated with the severity of the nasal obstruction and congestion, respectively.
Schwannomas of the Sinonasal Tract and Anterior Skull Base: A Systematic Review of 94 Cases
Authors: Sunaryo Peter L. , Svider Peter F. , Husain Qasim , Choudhry Osamah J. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Liu James K. 
Published: January 2014

Background Schwannomas of the anterior skull base (ASB) and sinonasal tract are extremely rare. These lesions mimic other pathologies such as olfactory groove meningiomas, hemangiopericytomas, and esthesioneuroblastomas. Because of their low incidence, ASB and sinonasal tract schwannomas have not been well characterized. A systematic review of ASB and sinonasal tract schwannomas was conducted to further elucidate the presentation and surgical management of these lesions. Methods A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed, identifying 71 articles representing 94 cases of ASB and sinonasal schwannomas. Each case was analyzed for demographics, clinical presentation, anatomic location, radiographic features, and surgical treatment. Results In 94 patients with ASB and sinonasal schwannomas, 44 (46.8%) were exclusively sinonasal, 30 cases (31.9%) were exclusively intracranial, 12 (12.8%) were primarily intracranial with extension into the paranasal sinuses, and 8 (8.5%) were primarily sinonasal with intracranial extension. Headaches and nasal obstruction were the most common presenting symptoms occurring in 30.9 and 29.8% of cases, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging typically showed a hyperintense mass on T2-weighted imaging (70%) and hypointense (41%) on T1-weighted imaging. Most patients underwent surgical gross total resection via craniotomy, endoscopic endonasal approach, rhinotomy, or other sinonasal approaches. Recurrence occurred in three cases ranging from 4 months to 13 years. Postoperative complications included cerebral spinal fluid leakage, bacterial meningitis, epidural hematoma, and pneumocranium. Conclusion ASB and sinonasal schwannomas are rare lesions and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ASB masses involving the cribriform plate with sinonasal extension. Gross total resection of these lesions should be considered the goal of operative management.
Topical Anti-Infective Sinonasal Irrigations: Update and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Chiu Alexander G. 
Published: January 2014

Background Sinonasal anti-infective irrigations have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality in the comprehensive management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), particularly in the context of recalcitrant disease. The purpose of this article was to delineate the current spectrum of topical anti-infective therapies available and evaluate their role in the treatment of CRS. Methods A systematic literature review was performed on all studies investigating the use of topical antimicrobial solutions in the medical therapy of CRS. Anti-infective irrigations were stratified into topical antibacterial, antifungal, and additive preparations according to their composition and respective microbicidal properties. Results The use of topical antibiotic irrigations has been supported by low-level studies in the treatment of refractory CRS, with optimal results achieved in patients who have undergone prior functional endoscopic sinus surgery and received culture-directed therapy. Multiple evidence-based reviews have not established any clinical benefit with the administration of topical antifungals, and their use is not currently recommended in the management of routine CRS. Topical additives including surfactants may be beneficial as adjunctive treatment for recalcitrant CRS, but additional research is needed to investigate their efficacy in comparison with other agents and establish safety profiles. Conclusion Topical anti-infective solutions are not recommended as first-line therapy for routine CRS but may be considered as a potential option for patients with refractory CRS who have failed traditional medical and surgical intervention. Additional research is necessary to determine which patient populations would derive the most benefit from each respective irrigation regimen and identify potential toxicities associated with prolonged use.
Life-Threatening Angioedema Induced by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Characteristics and Risk Factors
Authors: Stauber Tali , Confino-Cohen Ronit , Goldberg Arnon 
Published: January 2014

Background Angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is a well-known phenomenon and roughly accounts for one-third of angioedema cases presenting to the emergency departments. This study aimed to characterize the patients with severe reactions that required hospitalization and tried to identify the risk factors for these life-threatening events. Methods The records of all patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of “angioedema” over a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ characteristics as well as the characteristics of the angioedema-induced hospitalizations were studied. Results In 46 of 165 patients (28%) the angioedema was ACEI induced. The severity of the event was mild in 12 patients (26%), moderate in 25 patients (54%), and severe in 9 patients (19%). Twelve patients (26%) were admitted to the intensive care unit and six patients (13%) underwent intubation. Epinephrine was administered to 13 patients (29%), steroids were administered to 40 patients (87%), and anti-histamines were administered to 36 patients (78%). One patient died as a consequence of the event (2%). Twenty patients (45%), including the deceased patient, had recurrent events of angioedema before admission. Obese patients had significantly more recurrent events compared with nonobese patients (p = 0.03). There was also a tendency for more severe events in the obese patients (p = 0.079). Diabetes was significantly associated with moderate severe events (p = 0.009) whereas treatment with beta-blockers or diuretics was significantly associated with milder events (p = 0.007 and p = 0.044, respectively). Conclusion The high recurrence rate of ACEI-induced angioedema preceding subsequent life-threatening events suggests under diagnosis of this potentially fatal adverse reaction. Diabetes and probably obesity are risk factors for more severe events. Physicians following patients receiving ACEI should be more aware of possible shortcomings associated with these medications.
Spreader Flaps Do Not Change Early Functional Outcomes in Reduction Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Saedi Babak , Amaly Amin , Gharavis Venus , Yekta Batool Ghorbani , Most Sam P. 
Published: January 2014

Background Internal nasal valve collapse is a preventable complication of rhinoplasty, for which the spreader graft is the gold standard. More recently, the spreader flap technique has been espoused as an alternative to spreader grafting. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of this technique in a randomized trial setting. Methods The autospreader was used in 32 patients who were candidates for primary rhinoplasty; 34 who did not undergo a spreader flap procedure were recruited as a control group. Acoustic rhinometry was used in every patient preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Average volume and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) of the nose and findings were collected. Also, the pre- and postoperative patients’ subjective assessment about their satisfaction from their appearance and nasal obstruction were evaluated according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results Among the study group patients, 46 (69.7%) were female and 20 (30.3%) were male subjects. Their mean age was 50/5 ± 6/24 years. The difference in MCA in the control group was-0.1 and +0.6 (on right and left sides, respectively), and in the spreader flap group it was-0.03 and +0.05, which showed an increase in MCA in the left side and a decrease in the opposite side of both groups. However, their difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.50). Also, the differences between preoperative and postoperative VAS were not significant in either nasal obstruction (p = 0.68) and cosmetic satisfaction (p = 0.38). Conclusion Spreader flap is an attractive technique in preserving the middle vault in nasal plastic surgery. However, its effect needs more evaluation.
Smell and Taste in Patients with Vascular Malformation of the Extracranial Head and Neck Region
Authors: Steinbach Silke , Fasunla Ayotunde J. , Lahme Carolin M. E. , Schäfers Sophia P. , Hundt Walter , Wolf Petra , Mandic Robert , Werner Jochen A. , Eivazi Behfar 
Published: January 2014

Background Olfactory and gustatory functions have not been investigated in patients with vascular malformation of the extracranial head and neck region with validated smell and taste tests. Although olfactory and gustatory deficiencies are often not outwardly apparent, they substantially affect daily life. Methods Smell and taste tests using sniffin sticks and taste strips were administered in 40 patients. Results For all age groups and both sexes, odor threshold (THR) values were, on average, lower in patients than in healthy individuals; whereas, values of odor identification and discrimination were not significantly lower. Regarding odor THR, 33 (82.5%) patients were hyposmic. Taste values (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and total taste) were, on average, lower in patients than in healthy individuals; 21 (52.5%) patients were hypogeusic. Disease duration did not correlate with smell and taste test values. Patients with and without tongue involvement had decreased odor threshold and taste values. No significant differences were identified when taste values on the left and right sides of the tongue were compared in patients without tongue involvement and with unilateral and bilateral tongue involvement. Patients with venous malformations had lower smell test values, and patients with lymphatic malformations had lower taste test values than patients with other malformations. Conclusion Patients exhibit significantly reduced olfactory and gustatory function even when the nose and/or tongue are not malformed. Patients should be tested with validated smell and taste tests to adequately inform and advise them about overcoming smell and taste deficits.