bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of cerebral angiography in children younger than 3 years of age
Authors: Hoffman Caitlin E. , Santillan Alejandro , Rotman Lauren , Gobin Y. Pierre , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: January 2014

Object
The therapeutic potential for cerebral angiography (CA) in young children is expanding. However, its use in this patient population is limited by presumed higher complication rates among children. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of counseling of the parents/guardians of these patients and to identify modifiable risk factors, the authors evaluated complications after CA in young children.

Methods
The authors reviewed data for 309 consecutive cerebral angiograms obtained in 87 children younger than 36 months of age from 2004 to 2010 at a single institution. They analyzed demographics, diagnosis, angiographic findings, and complications.

Results
The patient population comprised 40 boys and 47 girls; mean age was 14.36 months (range 1–36 months) and mean weight was 10.8 kg (range 3.7–21.0 kg). For 292 of the 309 procedures, intraarterial chemotherapy was administered; the remaining 17 procedures were for vascular malformations, stroke, tumor embolization, and intracranial hemorrhage. The rate of neurological complications was 0.0%. The rate of nonneurological complications was 2.9%: 7 cases of contrast allergy or bronchospasm, 1 groin hematoma (body weight 7 kg), and 1 transient femoral artery occlusion (body weight 10.8 kg). The rate of radiographic complications was 1.3%: 1 case of transient asymptomatic intraarterial dissection and 3 cases of asymptomatic vasospasm. Postprocedural MRI was performed for 33.3% of patients with no evidence of ischemia. There were no delayed complications. Mean follow-up time was 16.6 months. No association was found between complications and age, duration of anesthesia, number of vessels catheterized, size of the sheath, or diagnostic versus interventional procedures. Despite a trend toward a higher rate of complications for patients who weighed less than 15 kg, this finding was not significant (p = 0.35).

Conclusions
The rate of complications for CA in young children is comparable to rates reported for older children and lower than rates reported for adults. When appropriately indicated, CA should not be omitted from the therapeutic strategy of children younger than 36 months of age.
Utility of delayed surgical repair of neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Ali Zarina S. , Bakar Dara , Li Yun R. , Judd Alex , Patel Hiren , Zager Eric L. , Heuer Gregory G. , Stein Sherman C. 
Published: January 2014

Object
Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) represents a significant health problem with potentially devastating consequences. The most common form of NBPP involves the upper trunk roots. Currently, primary surgical repair is performed if clinical improvement is lacking. There has been increasing interest in “early” surgical repair of NBPPs, occurring within 3–6 months of life. However, early treatment recommendations ignore spontaneous recovery in cases of Erb's palsy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the optimal timing of surgical repair in this group with respect to quality of life.

Methods
The authors formulated a decision analytical model to compare 4 treatment strategies (no repair or repair at 3, 6, or 12 months of life) for infants with persistent NBPPs. The model derives data from a critical review of published studies and projects health-related quality of life and quality-adjusted life years over a lifetime.

Results
When evaluating the quality of life of infants with NBPP, improved outcomes are seen with delayed surgical repair at 12 months, compared with no repair or repair at early and intermediate time points, at 3 and 6 months, respectively. ANOVA showed that the differences among the 4 groups are highly significant (F = 8369; p < 0.0001). Pairwise post hoc comparisons revealed that there are highly significant differences between each pair of strategies (p < 0.0001). Meta-regression showed no evidence of improved outcomes with more recent treatment dates, compared with older ones, for either nonsurgical or for surgical treatment (p = 0.767 and p = 0.865, respectively).

Conclusions
These data support a delayed approach of primary surgical reconstruction to optimize quality of life. Early surgery for NBPPs may be an overly aggressive strategy for infants who would otherwise demonstrate spontaneous recovery of function by 12 months. A randomized, controlled trial would be necessary to fully elucidate the natural history of NBPP and determine the optimal time point for surgical intervention.
Adjacent-segment disease in 511 cases of posterolateral instrumented lumbar arthrodesis: floating fusion versus distal construct including the sacrum
Authors: Bydon Mohamad , Xu Risheng , Santiago-Dieppa David , Macki Mohamed , Sciubba Daniel M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Bydon Ali , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: January 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to study the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing instrumented posterior fusion of the lumbar spine.

Methods
The authors present 511 patients who underwent instrumented arthrodesis for lumbar degenerative disease over a 23-year period at a single institution. Patients underwent follow-up for an average of 39.73 ± 46.52 months (± SD) after the index lumbar arthrodesis procedure.

Results
The average patient age was 59.45 ± 13.48 years. Of the 511 patients, 502 (98.24%) presented with back pain, 379 (74.17%) with radiculopathy, 76 (14.87%) with motor weakness, and 32 (6.26%) with preoperative bowel/bladder dysfunction. An average of 2.04 ± 1.03 spinal levels were fused. Postoperatively, patients experienced a significant improvement in back pain (p < 0.0001) and radiculopathy (p < 0.0001). Patients with fusions excluding the sacrum (floating fusions) were statistically more likely to develop adjacent-segment disease (ASD) than those with fusion constructs ending at S-1 distally (p = 0.030) but were less likely to develop postoperative radiculopathy (p = 0.030). In the floating fusion cohort, 31 (12.11%) of 256 patients had cephalad ASD, whereas 39 (15.29%) of 255 patients in the lumbosacral cohort had cephalad ASD development; this was not statistically different (p = 0.295). This suggests that caudad ASD development in the floating fusion cohort is due to the added risk of an unfused L5–S1 vertebral level. Because of the elevated risk of symptomatic radiculopathy but lower risk of ASD, patients in the lumbosacral fusion cohort had a reoperation rate similar to those undergoing floating fusions (p = 0.769).

Conclusions
In this paper, the authors present one of the largest cohorts in the Western literature of patients undergoing instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease. Patients who had floating lumbar fusions were statistically more likely to develop ASD over time than those who had lumbosacral fusions incorporating the S-1 spinal segment, but were less likely to experience postoperative radicular symptoms. Additional prospective studies may more clearly delineate the long-term risks of instrumented posterolateral fusions of the lumbar spine.
Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014
Authors: Ward Elizabeth , DeSantis Carol , Robbins Anthony , Kohler Betsy , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article, the American Cancer Society provides estimates of the number of new cancer cases and deaths for children and adolescents in the United States and summarizes the most recent and comprehensive data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (which are reported in detail for the first time here and include high‐quality data from 45 states and the District of Columbia, covering 90% of the US population). In 2014, an estimated 15,780 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 1960 deaths from cancer will occur among children and adolescents aged birth to 19 years. The annual incidence rate of cancer in children and adolescents is 186.6 per 1 million children aged birth to 19 years. Approximately 1 in 285 children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 20 years, and approximately 1 in 530 young adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years is a childhood cancer survivor. It is therefore likely that most pediatric and primary care practices will be involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of young patients and survivors. In addition to cancer statistics, this article will provide an overview of risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and long‐term and late effects for common pediatric cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:83–103. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Textual practices in the new media digital landscape: messing with digital literacies
Authors: Gourlay Lesley , Hamilton Mary , Lea Mary Rosalind 
Published: January 2014

This paper offers a working conversation between the authors about the uneasy relationship between literacy studies and learning technologies. We come from the field of literacy studies but from contrasting perspectives: from academic literacies and work on literacies and technologies in higher education; from an interest in media theory and the implications of digital mediation for the contemporary university; from everyday literacies in informal settings and a concern for the gaps between policy and practice. We illustrate our perspectives through reference to post-compulsory education, especially higher education, but intend our arguments to be of broader value to all sectors of education and learning. We argue that it is probably inevitable that terms such as literacy/digital/network will be taken up by different arenas of scholarship and practice to mean different things, but what is important is finding spaces to make visible the embedded and implicit understandings, assumptions and ideological positions that are carried by these terms. In the paper, we attempt to lay bare some of the tendencies in the different approaches and argue the case for building on these differences in our work rather than seeing them as paradigm contests. We suggest that it would be more generative to the field to acknowledge the richness and diversity of these different traditions, rather than attempting the impossible task of forcing them into a superficial reconciliation.Keywords: literacies; digital; textual practices; learning landscapes; ethnographic(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 21438 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21438
Le climat, enjeu de puissance internationale
Authors: Mazzucchi Nicolas 
Published: January 2014

La question du climat est devenue un enjeu majeur dans le domaine de l’énergie depuis une quinzaine d’années. Du Protocole de Kyoto aux conférences annuelles de l’UNFCCC, sous l’égide de l’ONU, les négociations climatiques sont l’enjeu d’âpres batailles d’influence de la part des États comme des entreprises. La position de chaque État est bien souvent le résultat de ses propres politiques intérieures où influence et lobbying ont une part de plus en plus importante. C’est d’ailleurs au cours de ces conférences que se manifeste une synergie entre les différents types d’acteurs, reflet le plus souvent d’une stratégie étatique pensée pour offrir un avantage géoéconomique à ses propres entreprises. Deux groupes d’États s’opposent pour l’instant sur la question du climat : d’un côté ceux disposant d’un fort mix énergétique carboné, opposés à toute modification majeure du régime actuel ; de l’autre les pays ayant fait le choix d’énergies peu ou pas émettrices de CO 2 , désireux de mettre en place un régime de taxation strict, leur permettant du même coup de prendre un ascendant économique sur leurs opposants.
L'Inde et sa projection comme puissance globale du XXI e siècle
Authors: Boillot Jean-Joseph 
Published: January 2014

Avec 1,2 milliards d’habitants, l’Inde est aujourd’hui un géant démographique. C’est également un géant économique puisqu’elle est la troisème masse économique du monde par son PIB exprimé en parité de pouvoir d’achat, devant le Japon et l’Allemagne. Mais chacun s’accorde à reconnaître que l’Inde n’est pas une puissance globale au sens où elle ne réunit pas les conditions qui lui permettraient d’influencer véritablement les destinées du monde. Or l’Inde veut se projeter comme une puissance globale du XXI e siècle. Sur quels domaines l’Inde apparaît-elle en retard dans cette ambition et quelles sont les orientations politiques visant à les combler ?
Réinventer les relations franco-chinoises
Authors: Lincot Emmanuel 
Published: January 2014

La France et la Chine : une relation singulière qui, au-delà du mythe que représente la reconnaissance diplomatique de 1964, entre en résonance avec une vision du monde longtemps partagée. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Tenter d’y répondre revient à tracer pour les années à venir l’ébauche d’un nouveau partenariat rééquilibrant des échanges devenus profondément asymétriques. Au c œur de cette problématique, la formation des élites de demain et la mise en valeur tant pour la Chine que la France de leurs atouts qui – plus que jamais – comptent dans un contexte fortement concurrentiel imposé par la globalisation.
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of two commercially available controlled-release drugs-chlorhexidine gel (CHLO-SITE)™ and tetracycline fibers (periodontal plus AB)™ as an adjunct to scaling root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Grover Harpreet Singh , Bhardwaj Amit , Dadlani Himanshu , Yadav Anil , Singh Yaswin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Selective removal or inhibition of pathogenic microbes with locally delivered antimicrobials, combined with scaling and root planning (SRP) is an effective approach for the management of chronic periodontitis. Aim: Evaluation of the efficacy of two commercially available controlled release drugs - tetracycline fibers (periodontal plus AB™ ) and chlorhexidine gel (CHLO-SITE™ ) as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty systemically healthy patients in the age group of 30-50 years suffering from generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Three experimental sites were chosen that had probing depth 5-8 mm in maxillary and mandibular posterior segment. First site receiving tetracycline fibers, other chlorhexidine gel and one site was taken as control after SRP. Plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) gain were recorded on baseline, 1 month and at the end of 3 months. Results and Conclusion: In all groups, there was statistically highly significant reduction in all the clinical parameters that is plaque score, bleeding score, PPD, and RAL gain were seen at different time intervals. Inter-comparison shows that tetracycline fibers and chlorhexidine gel are equally efficacious for treatment of chronic periodontitis, but more efficient than SRP alone.
An illusionary prosthetic design for a unilateral cleft palate patient
Authors: Bavbek Andaç Barkin , Culhaoglu Ahmet Kursad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe prosthetic rehabilitation is an important part of the cleft lip and palate therapy assisting orthodontic and orthognathic treatments. Prosthesis does not only help to improve function and aesthetics but also needs to facilitate a better oral health. The aim of this report is to introduce the prosthetic approach of a 21-year-old female unilateral cleft palate patient that considered reinforcing the mobile canine adjacent to the cleft, easing the elimination of dental plaque from the remaining fistula and reaching an accurate occlusion. Facial aesthetics was established by the illusionary effect of a removable crown complex which is joined onto a fixed partial denture with a precision attachment system.
Flexure Strength and Fatigue Durability of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 Nanocomposite with Different Sintering Process and Surface Treatment
Authors: Tasaka Akinori , Sakurai Kaoru , Takano Tomofumi , Yoshinari Masao 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ce-TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite (NANOZR) has not only higher strength, but also higher fracture toughness than conventional Y-TZP. NANOZR is generally machined from densely sintered block. However, it is more efficient to sinter densely after machining partially sintered block, if the mechanical strength of final product is enough. Moreover, as for NANOZR, it has been reported that mechanical strength changes with surface treatments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of sintering process and surface treatment on biaxial flexure strength and fatigue durability of NANOZR.

Material and methods
Two kinds of NANOZR specimens were prepared (Pre-sinter and Full-sinter). Pre-sinter and Full-sinter were given machine polish (MP) or shot-blast and fluoric acid etching (SB + HF). Biaxial flexure strength was measured as recommended by ISO 6872. The cyclic loading test of the load equivalent to 480 MPa was performed by the application of a cyclic load in the bending mode at a frequency of 10 Hz, for 106 cycles in distilled water at 37°C.

Results
Biaxial flexure strength of MP was 1244 ± 43 MPa and 1320 ± 50 MPa in Pre-sinter and Full-sinter, respectively. and it of SB + HF was 1070 ± 60 MPa and 1069 ± 12 MPa in Pre-sinter and Full-sinter, respectively. In the cyclic fatigue test, the durability over the 106 cycle load equivalent to 480 MPa was shown on all the conditions.

Conclusion
Even if NANOZR was densely sintered after machining partially sintered block, having satisfactory biaxial flexure strength and fatigue durability on clinical application as dental prosthetic material was shown.

How to cite this article
Takano T, Tasaka A, Yoshinari M, Sakurai K. Flexure Strength and Fatigue Durability of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 Nanocomposite with Different Sintering Process and Surface Treatment. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):92-95.
A Conservative Esthetic Rehabilitation of Complicated Tooth Fracture: Two Case Reports
Authors: Ramugade Manoj Mahadeo , Chandwani Neelam Dilip , Sapkale Kishor Dattatray , Metkari Sachin Shashikant 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Maxillary incisors are the most commonly involved teeth in traumatic injuries. As their esthetic and functional value is unequivocal, their treatment becomes major concern for both, the patient as well as the dentist. Various treatment modalities have been practiced for fractured anterior teeth, including composites, laminates, esthetic crown or the reattachment of fractured fragment. Among which fragment reattachment is considered to be the most conservative, natural and an esthetic approach. Reattachment of fragment could be the viable treatment option only when the tooth fragment is intact and having its good clinical approximation with the remaining tooth structure. In addition, the overall success of this treatment modality depends upon the fragment's extend of dehydration (time lapsed), patient cooperation and also the skill of the operator for such case selection. This article discusses the management of complicated crown fractures of anterior teeth which were managed successfully in a conservative manner.

How to cite this article
Ramugade MM, Chandwani ND, Sapkale KD, Metkari SS. A Conservative Esthetic Rehabilitation of Complicated Tooth Fracture: Two Case Reports. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):96-100.
Endodontic Management of Patient with Hemophilia
Authors: Atara Rahul Ramesh , Shenoi Pratima Ramakrishna , Mute Wanmala Ramchandra , Makade Chetana Sachin , Mahajan Anup Kiran 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Bleeding disorders have always been a stigma to dentists. The apparent complexities in diagnosis and handling of a bleeding problem contribute to this and force us to avoid such patients in clinical practice. Hemophilia, being the commonest bleeding disorder in the world requires special mention. This article presents a case report of successful endodontic management of patient with severe Hemophilia.

How to cite this article
Atara RR, Shenoi PR, Mute WR, Makade CS, Mahajan AK. Endodontic Management of Patient with Hemophilia. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3): 101-104.
Anatomic Landmarks and Morphometric Measurements for Accurate Localization of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion via the Transnasal and Infrazygomatic Approaches: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sahni Daisy , Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block is used for a variety of craniofacial pain syndromes either through the trans-nasal route or via the infrazygomatic approach. Intraoperative imaging can identify the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) but not the exact position of the SPG. Accurate localization of the PG requires knowledge of the relevant anatomical landmarks.

Materials and methods
Thirty mid sagittal head and neck cadaveric sections were studied and the morphometric data was te correct SPG localization via trans-nasal roach and infrazygomatic approach.

Results
The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) was located at an average distance of 55 mm from the anterior nasal spine at a mean angle of 22°. It was at or just superior to the midpoint of a line joining the skull base and the hard palate. The SPG was located 4 mm posterior and 4.7 mm lateral to the SPF at a mean distance of 6.3 mm from the SPF at an inclination of about 50° in both the sagittal and coronal planes. In the infrazygomatic approach, the SPG was between 4.5 and 6.3 cm the skin and an angle of about 7° posterior and inferior.

Conclusion
These morphometric measurements will be of help to the clinician for accurate electrode or needle placement for SPG block and in avoiding complications related to inaccurate needle placement.

How to cite this article
Gupta T, Aggarwal A, Sahni D. Anatomic Landmarks and Morphometric Measurements for Accurate Localization of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion via the Transnasal and Infrazygomatic Approaches: A Cadaveric Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):14-18.
How &lsquo;Healthy&rsquo; are Villages in District Ambala, Haryana: A Pilot Study?
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Singh Amarjeet , Singh Navpreet 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
A ‘healthy village’ concept as a healthy setting approach is lacking in India, where approximately 70% of population lives in villages. Despite various village development programs, the quality of life in Indian villages continues to be poor.

Objective
To evaluate some villages in district Ambala as healthy villages.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study of seven villages under a sub center was conducted during January to April 2010. These villages were compared on the basis of scores obtained on a checklist developed for evaluating ‘healthy village’. The village headmen, committee members, various health workers, accredited social health activists and anganwadi workers were also interviewed.

Results
The sub center headquarter, the largest village, scored maximum among seven villages (90/130; 69.2%). Lowest score was observed in the smallest village (49/130; 37.7%). Most villages faired poorly on intersectoral coordination, youth activities, and historical/cultural heritage. Performance of all villages on ‘availability of basic statistics’ and ‘animal shelter’ was excellent.

Conclusion
Apparently, population size of a village was linked with its being a healthy village. None of the village had an excellent score. Overall, an average rating can be assigned to these villages as healthy village.

How to cite this article
Kalyanasundaram M, Singh A, Singh N. How ‘Healthy’ are Villages in District Ambala, Haryana: A Pilot Study? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):19-23.