bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability in hydrology modifies the influence of geomorphology on wetland distribution along a desert stream
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Grimm Nancy B. , Ogle Kiona , Franklin Janet 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Both geomorphic setting and dynamic environmental variables influence riverine wetland vegetation distributions. Most studies of species distributions in riverine systems emphasize either hydrological variability or geomorphic controls, but rarely consider the interaction between the two. It is unknown whether and to what extent the relationship between the geomorphic template and species distribution is modified by fluctuating environmental conditions.

This study examines how spatial patterns of riverine wetlands in a desert stream change in response to environmental shifts brought about by interannual variability in the hydrologic regime. We surveyed wetland spatial distribution and measured its abundance every June over 5 years (2009–2013) by recording patch size and presence/absence of five wetland plant species along the 12‐km main stem of Sycamore Creek, Arizona, U.S.A. The study period encompassed a very large flood in January 2010, a wet year (2010), two average years (2009 and 2013) and two extremely dry years (2011 and 2012). We used a Bayesian statistical approach to analyse the relationship between geomorphic variables and wetland distribution under different hydrological conditions.

The geomorphic variables provided much greater explanatory power in dry years than in average to wet years. Hydrological conditions modified the interactions between geomorphic template and species distribution. Annual hydrological conditions affected the direction (i.e. positive or negative effect) and magnitude (i.e. the size and significance level of an effect) of these interactions, both of which gave rise to spatial patterns of wetlands. Ecosystem temporal variability, such as inter‐annual and multi‐year hydrological variability and longer‐term ecosystem state changes, triggered complex species responses.

Synthesis. The effect of geomorphic setting on stream wetland plant distribution in this desert system is conditioned on the temporal variability in hydrology among years. Temporal transferability of the relationship between geomorphology and species distributions is therefore questionable.
Functional interactions among filamentous Epsilonproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in a deep‐sea hydrothermal vent biofilm
Authors: Stokke Runar , Dahle Håkon , Roalkvam Irene , Wissuwa Juliane , Daae Frida Lise , Tooming‐Klunderud Ave , Thorseth Ingunn H. , Pedersen Rolf B. , Steen Ida Helene 
Published: July 2015

SummaryLittle is known about how lithoautotrophic primary production is connected to microbial organotrophic consumption in hydrothermal systems. Using a multifaceted approach, we analysed the structure and metabolic capabilities within a biofilm growing on the surface of a black smoker chimney in the Loki's Castle vent field. Imaging revealed the presence of rod‐shaped Bacteroidetes growing as ectobionts on long, sheathed microbial filaments (> 100 μm) affiliated with the Sulfurovum genus within Epsilonproteobacteria. The filaments were composed of a thick (> 200 nm) stable polysaccharide, representing a substantial fraction of organic carbon produced by primary production. An integrated –omics approach enabled us to assess the metabolic potential and in situ metabolism of individual taxonomic and morphological groups identified by imaging. Specifically, we provide evidence that organotrophic Bacteroidetes attach to and glide along the surface of Sulfurovum filaments utilizing organic polymers produced by the lithoautotrophic Sulfurovum. Furthermore, in situ expression of acetyl‐CoA synthetase by Sulfurovum suggested the ability to assimilate acetate, indicating recycling of organic matter in the biofilm. This study expands our understanding of the lifestyles of Epsilonproteobacteria in hydrothermal vents, their metabolic properties and co‐operative interactions in deep‐sea hydrothermal vent food webs.
Chronic illness as biographical contingency? Young people's experiences of asthma
Authors: Monaghan Lee F. , Gabe Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMuch research on chronic illness, which views the experience as disruptive, is adult‐focused though there is an emerging literature on children's and young people's experiences. Drawing on 31 interviews conducted with young people diagnosed with asthma in south‐west Ireland, this article contributes to this literature. The sample includes boys (n = 15) and girls (n = 16) aged between 5 and 17 from the Irish Traveller community and the larger settled community. The study also explores the potential value of what might be called biographical contingency. This concept refers to the way in which a chronic illness may be an ‘only sometimes’ problem and takes account of the ‘now you see it, now you don't’ nature of a condition that varies in terms of its symptoms, meanings and consequences. In concluding, we consider the uses and limitations of this concept and the interpretivist paradigm that typically informs qualitative research on the illness experience.
Work or welfare after cancer? Explorations of identity and stigma
Authors: Moffatt Suzanne , Noble Emma 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith increasing numbers of people living with cancer, a greater focus is required on the social consequences of the disease. This article explores the connections between cancer and employment and the constraints imposed by ill health and wider structural conditions. Narrative data from 23 people of working age with cancer in north‐east England collected longitudinally over 16 months highlight the impact of financial strain caused by temporary or permanent interruption to employment, and the positive benefits of an upstream welfare rights intervention in enabling participants to claim benefit entitlements and boost incomes. Returning to work, for those who were able, helped repair the disruption caused by the illness. For those unable to work, reliance on welfare benefits, while necessary, conferred a stigmatised identity that compounded the disruption wrought by cancer. While stigma occurs at the individual level, the structural dimensions of stigma need to be acknowledged in order to analyse the forces that cause, maintain and perpetuate the stigma associated with claiming welfare while ill. We conclude that current UK policies and welfare reforms to reduce sickness‐related welfare claims will lead to greater hardship during periods of ill health and increase inequalities.
The moral experience of illness and its impact on normalisation: Examples from narratives with Punjabi women living with rheumatoid arthritis in the UK
Authors: Sanderson Tessa , Calnan Michael , Kumar Kanta 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe moral component of living with illness has been neglected in analyses of long‐term illness experiences. This article attempts to fill this gap by exploring the role of the moral experience of illness in mediating the ability of those living with a long‐term condition (LTC) to normalise. This is explored through an empirical study of women of Punjabi origin living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the UK. Sixteen informants were recruited through three hospitals in UK cities and interviews conducted and analysed using a grounded theory approach. The intersection between moral experience and normalisation, within the broader context of ethnic, gender and socioeconomic influences, was evident in the following: disruption of a core lived value (the centrality of family duty), beliefs about illness causation affecting informants’ ‘moral career’, and perceived discrimination in the workplace. The data illustrate the importance of considering an ethnic community's specific values and beliefs when understanding differences in adapting to LTCs and changing identities.
Contesting modernity: Tobacco use and romanticism among older Dai farmers in Xishuangbanna, China
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Davey Gareth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe majority of research about tobacco use in China focuses on Han Chinese, the main ethnic group comprising over 90 per cent of the population, and a paucity of research exists on ethnic minorities. The present study elucidates tobacco use among the Dai people, an ethnic group in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The study design consisted of interviews and grounded theory methodology in a symbolic interactionist theoretical framework. The categories of the grounded theory revealed tobacco consumption was weaved in a complex web of meanings: social practices, perceptions of health, and work lives as agriculturalists, situated in Dai cultural and social milieu. An important finding was the stage‐managing of tobacco as a symbol of ‘tradition’ versus ‘modernity’: Through a process of contested modernity, the older men championed long‐standing tobacco customs as representative of Dai heritage and thus their own tobacco use as upholding traditions amid encroaching cultural and societal change in China. These findings are important because little is known about Dai people's tobacco use and how they are responding to social change. There are also implications for the development of culturally‐appropriate tobacco control strategies.
Pregnancy following Mustard or Senning correction of transposition of the great arteries: a retrospective study
Authors: Cataldo S , Doohan M , Rice K , Trinder J , Stuart AG , Curtis SL 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo determine pregnancy outcome in women with atrial switch repair for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and to compare follow up with a control group of childless women with the same repair.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care medical centre.PopulationAbout 21 patients compared with 15 controls.MethodsReview of records from joint cardiac‐obstetric clinic 1993–2013.Main outcome measuresOccurrence of cardiovascular events: maternal death, heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, worsening systemic ventricular function, worsening tricuspid valve regurgitation and newly detected baffle problems.ResultsThere were 34 pregnancies in 21 women. Mean follow up was 100 months. No deaths or recurrence occurred. Events (few arrhythmias, thromboembolic events and baffle issues) were common in both groups: 13 (62%) patients and eight (53%) controls (P = 0.736). Worsening of ventricular function was similar in both groups: six (29%) patients and four (27%) controls (P = 0.899). Worsening tricuspid regurgitation was more common in patients [11 (52%)] than controls (0)] (P < 0.001). Labour was induced in 76% cases: 32% for cardiac deterioration, 37% to control timing of delivery, and 26% for intrauterine growth restriction. Delivery was vaginal in 84% cases. Median gestational age was 37 (30–40) weeks, median birthweight 2525 g (1460–3530). In all, 38% babies were premature and 38% were small‐for‐gestational‐age.ConclusionsCardiac events after atrial repair for TGA are equally common in pregnant women and non‐pregnant controls, although worsening tricuspid regurgitation occurs more frequently in pregnancy. Induction of labour is to be expected but vaginal delivery is achievable in most cases. Infants are likely to be premature and small‐for‐gestational‐age.Tweetable abstractPregnancy in atrial repair for TGA: cardiac events similar to controls, prematurity and small babies likely.
Faculty of Clinical Forensic Medicine: A major development in clinical forensic medicine
Authors: Odell Morris 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article introduces the new Faculty of Clinical Forensic Medicine of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, describes the scope of Clinical Forensic Medicine, and discusses its relevance to Emergency Medicine. There are many situations where forensic issues are important in emergency practice and ACEM trainees have had access to a Victorian forensic medicine rotation for almost 20 years. The stage is now set for an expansion of Clinical Forensic Medicine services on a wider scale and for the discipline to eventually take its place as a recognised specialty.
Insect inventories in a mango‐based agroforestry area in Bangladesh: foraging behavior and performance of pollinators on fruit set
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Namni Shakura , Miah Md Ramiz Uddin , Miah Md Giashuddin , Zakaria Mohammad , Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Yong Jung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInsect species inventories along with pest prevalence, foraging behavior of pollinators and their effect on fruit set of mango were studied in a mango‐based agroforestry area in Bangladesh during January to June 2013. Of 1751 collected insects, 11 species in five orders and nine families were pests, 13 species in six orders and eight families were predators and eight species belonging to three orders and seven families were found as pollinators. The pests exerted significantly higher abundance but lower diversity than pollinator, predator and other insects. The pollinator richness was found to be lowest but showed higher as well as similar diversity to other category insects. Three pest species prevailed throughout the season and hoppers showed significant abundance. Among the predators, ants were most abundant. Sulphur butterfly and syrphid fly revealed statistically identical and higher abundance than other pollinators. During the flowering season, pests were dominant and the abundance of insects was observed to peak at 11.00 h. The pollinators differed in their landing duration on flowers and their activity led to higher levels of fruit set. This study provides baseline information on insect abundance in an agroforestry system, which stresses the importance of conservation of beneficial insects.
Risk factors for small bowel bleeding in chronic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users
Authors: Cho Kyu‐Man , Park Seon‐Young , Chung Jin Ook , Jun Chung‐Hwan , Kim Tae‐Jong , Son Dong‐Jun , Kim Ban‐Suk , Park Chang‐Hwan , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Choi Sung‐Kyu , Rew Jong‐Sun 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe incidence of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐induced enteropathy is currently increasing. However, the predictors of small bowel bleeding (SBB) associated with NSAIDs are unknown. This study aimed to assess the risk factors of SBB in chronic NSAIDs users.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the medical records of 147 patients receiving NSAIDs in a tertiary‐care setting (31 with SBB and 116 without previous bleeding events) and analyzed the predictors of SBB.ResultsIn total, 31 patients underwent video capsule endoscopy to detect SBB, 74.2% of whom showed the evidence of SBB. Non‐invasive treatment was performed in 90.3% of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of coronary artery disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–130.34, P = 0.04], use of thienopyridine (aOR 16.93, 95% CI 3.78–75.72, P < 0.001) and prior use of rebamipide (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.82, P = 0.02) were independently associated with SBB in NSAIDs users.ConclusionsCoronary artery disease and co‐use of thienopyridine were associated with SBB in NSAIDs users. The patients with coronary artery disease co‐using thienopyridine need to be monitored for the occurrence of SBB when they were prescribed with NSAIDs.
The Effect of Atorvastatin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bromocriptine‐Treated Premenopausal Women with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Gilowski Wojciech , Szkrobka Witold , Okopien Bogusław 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAimsHyperprolactinemia is often associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Dopamine agonists were found to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of statin therapy on cardiovascular risk factors between patients treated with a dopamine agonist and patients treated with metformin.MethodsThe study included two age‐, weight‐, lipid‐, and prolactin level‐matched groups of premenopausal women with hypecholesterolemia and a history of hyperprolactinemia: patients treated with bromocriptine (5.0–7.5 mg daily, n = 14) and subjects receiving metformin (1.7–2.55 g daily, n = 17). Plasma prolactin, lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, and plasma levels of cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed before and after 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment.ResultsBaseline levels of the investigated variables were similar in women treated with bromocriptine and metformin. Apart from lowering total and LDL cholesterol, atorvastatin decreased plasma levels of uric acid, hsCRP, homocysteine, and fibrinogen, with no difference between treatment groups.ConclusionsThe obtained results suggest that the effect of atorvastatin on plasma lipids and circulating levels of cardiometabolic risk factors does not differ between patients receiving bromocriptine and metformin. Bromocriptine–statin combination therapy may be an alternative to metformin–statin combination therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients with glucose metabolism abnormalities in whom metformin administration is either contraindicated or results in adverse effects.
Conditional returns to shareholders of bidding firms: an Australian study
Authors: Akhtar Farida 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examines the importance of the self‐selection problem when evaluating returns to bidder firms around announcement events. Takeover announcements are not random because managers decide rationally whether to bid or not, which indicates announcements are timed; consequently, in the presence of the sample selection problem, standard ordinary least square estimates are biased. Using a conditional model, the results indicate that after controlling for the self‐selection bias effect, shareholders of bidder firms make normal returns. In sum, failing to account for sample selection bias may lead to erroneous conclusions about a bidder's true economic wealth effects around an announcement event.
Revision of Panaetius Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae) from Australia, including the description of two new species and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jing , Liu Guo‐Qing , Cassis Gerasimos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe pentatomoid family Acanthosomatidae is best known for maternal care, and their behaviour is a favoured subject of evolutionary biologists. Despite this interest, knowledge of the taxonomy of Australian acanthosomatid is cursory and their biology has not been investigated. A significant taxonomic impediment exists for Australian acanthosomatids, and many new species await description, and when fully documented Australia will in all likelihood be the centre of diversity for this family. In line with this, the Australian acanthosomatid genus Panaetius (Blaudusinae: Blaudusini) is revised, P. lobulatus Stål and P. trabifer Horváth are redescribed, and two new species are described: Panaetius eliasi sp. nov. and P. laevicornis sp. nov. A key to species is provided. The male and female genitalia are illustrated. The plant associations of Panaetius are documented, and a fern host plant is documented for P. eliasi. A phylogenetic analysis of Panaetius establishes its monophyly, and the ingroup relationships are fully resolved, with P. laevicornis sister to all other species of Panaetius.
Comparison of chemiluminescent immunoassay and ELISA for measles IgG and IgM
Authors: de Ory Fernando , Minguito Teodora , Balfagón Pilar , Sanz Juan C. 
Published: July 2015

In the context of measles elimination, the identification of recent infections is important for clinical laboratories. Serological diagnosis is achieved by detecting specific IgG and IgM. Recently an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) (Liaison, DiaSorin, Italy) has been used to quantify the measles antibody. The aim of this study was to compare this assay with Enzygnost ELISA (Siemens, Germany), with final classification of discrepancies by indirect immunofluorescence (Euroimmun, Germany). For measles IgM, 204 sera were analyzed: 50 IgM‐positive, 104 IgM‐negative/IgG‐positive, and 50 from other viral infections (B19V, rubella, mumps, CMV, and EBV). For the measles IgG assay, 162 samples were tested: 106 were positive and 56 were negative. For measles IgM, the sensitivity and specificity of CLIA against ELISA were 94% (95% CI: 83.2–98.6) and 100% (95% CI: 97.1–100), respectively; the corrected figures after the final classification of discrepancies were 100% (95% CI: 91.0–100) and 99.4% (95% CI: 96.1–100), respectively. In relation to IgG, the sensitivity and specificity of CLIA against ELISA were, respectively, 97.2% (95% CI: 91.7–99.4) and 92.9% (95% CI: 82.5–97.7), and 95.5% (95% CI: 89.5–98.3) and 100% (95% CI: 91.8–100) after the final classification. CLIA showed excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting measles IgG and IgM antibodies, eliminating the need to aliquot specimens before carrying out the assay.
Chemotherapy‐driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Montassier E. , Gastinne T. , Vangay P. , Al‐Ghalith G. A. , Bruley des Varannes S. , Massart S. , Moreau P. , Potel G. , de La Cochetière M. F. , Batard E. , Knights D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundChemotherapy is commonly used as myeloablative conditioning treatment to prepare patients for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Chemotherapy leads to several side effects, with gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis being one of the most frequent. Current models of GI mucositis pathophysiology are generally silent on the role of the intestinal microbiome.AimTo identify functional mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome may play a key role in the pathophysiology of GI mucositis, we applied high‐throughput DNA‐sequencing analysis to identify microbes and microbial functions that are modulated following chemotherapy.MethodsWe amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA genes from faecal samples before and after chemotherapy in 28 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and no other concomitant therapy such as antibiotics.ResultsWe found that faecal samples collected after chemotherapy exhibited significant decreases in abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.0002) and Actinobacteria (P = 0.002) and significant increases in abundances of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0002) compared to samples collected before chemotherapy. Following chemotherapy, patients had reduced capacity for nucleotide metabolism (P = 0.0001), energy metabolism (P = 0.001), metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (P = 0.006), and increased capacity for glycan metabolism (P = 0.0002), signal transduction (P = 0.0002) and xenobiotics biodegradation (P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur study identifies a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbial community associated with chemotherapy‐induced GI mucositis. The functional pathways implicated in our analysis suggest potential directions for the development of intestinal microbiome‐targeted interventions in cancer patients.