bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of in vivo microdialysis for investigation of unbound drug concentrations of intravenously administered sulfadimidine in the paranasal sinus mucosa of horses
Authors: Bienert-Zeit Astrid , Gietz Caroline , Staszyk Carsten , Kietzmann Manfred , Stahl Jessica , Ohnesorge Bernhard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To monitor concentrations of sulfadimidine in the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) of unsedated horses following IV administration of trimethoprim-sulfadimidine via in vivo microdialysis.
ANIMALS 10 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES Concentric microdialysis probes were implanted into the subepithelial layers of the frontal sinus mucosa of standing sedated horses. Four hours after implantation, trimethoprim-sulfadimidine (30 mg/kg) was administered IV every 24 hours for 2 days; dialysate and plasma samples were collected at intervals during that 48-hour period and analyzed for concentrations of sulfadimidine. The dialysate concentration and relative loss of sulfadimidine from the perfusate were used to calculate the PSM concentration.
RESULTS Microdialysis probe implantation and subsequent in vivo microdialysis were successfully performed for all 10 horses. Following the first and second administration of trimethoprim-sulfadimidine, mean ± SD peak concentrations of sulfadimidine were 55.3 ± 10.3 μg/mL and 51.5 ± 8.7 μg/mL, respectively, in plasma and 9.6 ± 4.5 μg/mL and 7.0 ± 3.3 μg/mL, respectively, in the PSM. Peak sulfadimidine concentrations in the PSM were detected at 5.9 ± 2.7 hours and 5.4 ± 2.3 hours following the first and second drug administrations, respectively. For 12 hours, mean PSM sulfadimidine concentration remained greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration indicative of sulfonamide susceptibility of equine bacterial isolates (4.75 μg/mL).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In vivo microdialysis for continuous monitoring of PSM sulfadimidine concentrations in unsedated horses was feasible. Intravenous administration of trimethoprim (5 mg/kg) and sulfadimidine (25 mg/kg) proved likely to be efficient for treating sinusitis caused by highly susceptible pathogens, providing that the dosing interval is 12 hours.
Platelet activation in a population of critically ill dogs as measured with whole blood flow cytometry and thromboelastography
Authors: Majoy Sean B. , de Laforcade Armelle M. , Barnard Marc R. , Shaw Scott P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether critically ill dogs had increased platelet activation and whether the proportion of activated platelets correlated with severity of illness.
ANIMALS 82 dogs in the intensive care unit of a veterinary teaching hospital and 24 healthy control dogs.
PROCEDURES Flow cytometry with monoclonal mouse anti-human CD61 and CD62 antibodies in resting and ADP-treated samples and kaolin-activated thromboelastography were used to compare platelet activation in blood samples of critically ill and control dogs. Serum antithrombin, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, and activated protein C concentrations; prothrombin time (PT); and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured. Revised survival prediction index, acute patient physiology and laboratory evaluation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome scores were used to estimate severity of illness. Severity of illness scores and platelet activation measurements were compared with survival time and duration and cost of hospitalization.
RESULTS Critically ill and control dogs had no differences in platelet activation for non–ADP-treated samples measured. Critically ill dogs had significantly increased platelet activation in response to 2, 6, and 10μM ADP. Critically ill dogs had significantly increased maximum amplitude, α angle, and global clot strength and significantly decreased clot formation time. Critically ill dogs had significantly increased fibrinogen concentration, PT, and aPTT and significantly decreased antithrombin concentration. Survivors and nonsurvivors had similar flow cytometry and thromboelastography values. Three dogs developed macrothrombosis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, critically ill dogs had hyperreactive platelets, which may have contributed to a high incidence of hypercoagulability in this patient population.
Effect of oral administration of cyclosporine on Toxoplasma gondii infection status of cats
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , VanLare Karen A. , Seewald Wolfgang , Roycroft Linda M. , Scorza Andrea V. , King Stephen , Roberts Elizabeth S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether anti-inflammatory doses of cyclosporine activate Toxoplasma gondii in chronically infected cats or potentiate infection in cats exposed for the first time.
ANIMALS 30 T gondii–negative cats.
PROCEDURES Cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (10 cats/group). Group 1 (control) cats were administered a placebo for 126 days; group 2 cats were administered a placebo for 84 days, followed by cyclosporine at 7.5 mg/kg/d, PO, for 42 days; and group 3 cats were administered cyclosporine at 7.5 mg/kg/d, PO, for 126 days. Cats were orally inoculated with T gondii on day 42. Results for fecal flotations, PCR assays, and histologic examinations and IgM and IgG titers were analyzed. Cyclosporine concentrations were measured on selected days.
RESULTS All cats were infected by T gondii and developed signs of self-limiting gastrointestinal tract infection. Group 3 had the highest incidence and severity of CNS and pulmonary histopathologic findings typical of toxoplasmosis. One cat in group 3 died of systemic toxoplasmosis; that cat had a cyclosporine concentration of 1,690 ng/mL. Group 2 cats infected with T gondii before cyclosporine administration did not have repeated oocyst shedding. Group 3 cats shed fewer oocysts for a shorter time than did control cats of group 1.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral administration of cyclosporine in accordance with the protocol for this study did not potentiate the enteroepithelial phase of T gondii infection. Cats with high cyclosporine blood concentrations at the time of primary T gondii infection may be at risk of developing systemic toxoplasmosis.
Pharmacokinetics of an oral extended-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate containing acrylic acid and polymethacrylate in dogs
Authors: Ruiz Sara Melisa Arciniegas , Olvera Lilia Gutiérrez , Chacón Sara del Carmen Caballero , Estrada Dinorah Vargas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate administered orally in the form of experimental formulations with different proportions of acrylic acid–polymethacrylate-based matrices.
ANIMALS 30 healthy adult dogs.
PROCEDURES In a crossover study, dogs were randomly assigned (in groups of 10) to receive a single oral dose (20 mg/kg) of doxycycline hyclate without excipients (control) or extended-release formulations (ERFs) containing doxycycline, acrylic acid polymer, and polymethacrylate in the following proportions: 1:0.5:0.0075 (ERF1) or 1:1:0.015 (ERF2). Serum concentrations of doxycycline were determined for pharmacokinetic analysis before and at several intervals after each treatment.
RESULTS Following oral administration to the study dogs, each ERF resulted in therapeutic serum doxycycline concentrations for 48 hours, whereas the control treatment resulted in therapeutic serum doxycycline concentrations for only 24 hours. All pharmacokinetic parameters for ERF1 and ERF2 were significantly different; however, findings for ERF1 did not differ significantly from those for the control treatment.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both ERFs containing doxycycline, acrylic acid polymer, and polymethacrylate had an adequate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for a time-dependent drug and a longer release time than doxycycline alone following oral administration in dogs. Given the minimum effective serum doxycycline concentration of 0.26 μg/mL, a dose interval of 48 hours can be achieved for each tested ERF. This minimum inhibitory concentration has the potential to be effective against several susceptible bacteria involved in important infections in dogs. Treatment of dogs with either ERF may have several benefits over treatment with doxycycline alone.
Eco-Friendly Management of Rice Diseases
Authors: Razu Md. Amanut Ullah , Hossain Ismail 
Published: March 2015

Comparative efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide (2%), a product of Trichoderma harzianum, Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract (5%), Allamanda(Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract (5%), Bion (25ppm), Amistar (0.1%) and Tilt 250EC (0.1%) were evaluated for eco-friendly managementof diseases of rice cv. BRRI Dhan-49 under field and laboratory conditions from July,2013 to March,2014. The field experiment was carriedout following Randomised Complete Block Design and the laboratory experiments were done following Completely Randomized Design.Brown spot, Narrow brown leaf spot, Bacterial leaf blight and Sheath blight were recorded in the field. The lowest incidence of brown spotand narrow brown leaf spot was observed in plots treated with BAU-Biofungicide and that of bacterial leaf blight was observed in plots sprayedwith Allamanda leaf extract. In case of sheath blight, the lowest incidence was observed in BAU-Biofungicide sprayed plots. The highest grainyield (3680.34kg/ha) was recorded in plots sprayed with BAU-Biofungicide which is 40.56% higher over control. The highest seed germination(%) was recorded when seeds were treated with Garlic clove extract (89.29%) followed by BAU-Biofungicide (87.30%). The prevalence ofseed-borne fungi was investigated by blotter method. The identified seed-borne fungal species were Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Maximum reduction of seed-borne infection of pathogenswas obtained by treating seeds with BAU-Biofungicide (2% of seed weight).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11977 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 80-88
Laboratory Measures of Postural Control During the Star Excursion Balance Test After Acute First-Time Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Bleakley Chris M. , Hertel Jay , Caulfield Brian , Ryan John , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: March 2015

ContextNo researchers, to our knowledge, have investigated the immediate postinjury-movement strategies associated with acute first-time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) as quantified by center of pressure (COP) and kinematic analyses during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).ObjectiveTo analyze the kinematic and COP patterns of a group with acute first-time LAS and a noninjured control group during performance of the SEBT.DesignCase-control study.SettingUniversity biomechanics laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 81 participants with acute first-time LAS (53 men, 28 women; age = 23.22 ± 4.93 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 75.72 ± 13.86 kg) and 19 noninjured controls (15 men, 4 women; age = 22.53 ± 1.68 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.55 ± 11.31 kg).InterventionParticipants performed the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the SEBT.Main Outcome Measure(s)We assessed 3-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity joints and associated fractal dimension (FD) of the COP path during performance of the SEBT.ResultsThe LAS group had decreased normalized reach distances in the ANT, PL, and PM directions when compared with the control group on their injured (ANT: 58.16% ± 6.86% versus 64.86% ± 5.99%; PL: 85.64% ± 10.62% versus 101.14% ± 8.39%; PM: 94.89% ± 9.26% versus 107.29 ± 6.02%) and noninjured (ANT: 60.98% ± 6.74% versus 64.76% ± 5.02%; PL: 88.95% ± 11.45% versus 102.36% ± 8.53%; PM: 97.13% ± 8.76% versus 106.62% ± 5.78%) limbs (P &lt; .01). This observation was associated with altered temporal sagittal-plane kinematic profiles throughout each reach attempt and at the point of maximum reach (P &lt; .05). This result was associated with a reduced FD of the COP path for each reach direction on the injured limb only (P &lt; .05).ConclusionsAcute first-time LAS was associated with bilateral deficits in postural control, as evidenced by the bilateral reduction in angular displacement of the lower extremity joints and reduced reach distances and FD of the COP path on the injured limb during performance of the SEBT.
Direct Versus Remote Clinical Observation: Assessing Learners' Milestones While Addressing Adolescent Patients' Needs
Authors: Pitts Sarah , Borus Joshua , Goncalves Adrianne , Gooding Holly 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Direct clinical observation is an essential component of medical trainee assessment, particularly in the era of milestone-based competencies. However, the adolescent patient's perspective on this practice is missing from the literature. Quality health care is patient centered, yet we did not know if our educational practices align with this clinical goal.

Objective
We sought to better understand our adolescent/young adult patients' perspectives of the direct observation of our medical trainees in the outpatient clinical setting.

Methods
As a quality improvement initiative, we surveyed adolescent/young adult patients, medical trainees, and physician observers in our outpatient clinical practice regarding their experience following a direct observation encounter. We performed descriptive analyses of the data.

Results
During a 1-year period, responses were received from 23 adolescent/young adult patients, 8 family members, 14 trainees, and 6 faculty observers. Nearly all adolescent/young adult patients (n = 22) and all surveyed family members (n = 8) expressed comfort with direct observation, and all respondents felt the care they received was the same or better. All patient/family respondents preferred direct observation to the idea of remote observation, and most, but not all, trainees and faculty observers expressed similar opinions.

Conclusions
Adolescent/young adult patients and their family members found direct observation of their trainee providers to be comfortable and beneficial. Despite adolescent and young adults' facility and comfort with modern technologies, there was an expressed preference for direct versus remote observation.
Evaluation of Surgical Dexterity During the Interview Day: Another Factor for Consideration
Authors: Jardine Dinchen , Hoagland Benjamin , Perez Angel , Gessler Eric 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Manual dexterity and visual spatial ability are not routinely used to evaluate candidates for surgical residency training as part of the application interview.

Objective
This study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of evaluating the manual dexterity and visual spatial ability of applicants for general surgery and otolaryngology residency, and evaluated the relationship between this information and routinely considered application factors.

Methods
During the 2012 interview season, medical students applying to our institution's general surgery and otolaryngology residency programs underwent a battery of tests relevant to surgical dexterity. Five tests shown to be related to the surgeons' dexterity or visual spatial skills were administered during the course of their in-person interview day. The results from these tests were compared with data collected as part of the current application process.

Results
A total of 64 students were enrolled, and 58 had data that could be analyzed. Regression analysis using the enter method was performed for each of the tests, and for the composite scores. None of the values were significant as defined by P ≤ .05. Neither the scatterplots of the data nor Pearson r showed a correlation between the highest performers on the surgical dexterity composite score and individuals' highest scores on the dimensions used in the current process to assess applicants.

Conclusions
The addition of 1 or more evaluations of visual spatial skills and psychomotor aptitude can be done during a standard interview day, is acceptable to applicants, and may provide information that is different from the usual components of the application.
Designing a Standardized Laparoscopy Curriculum for Gynecology Residents: A Delphi Approach
Authors: Shore Eliane M. , Lefebvre Guylaine G. , Husslein Heinrich , Bjerrum Flemming , Sorensen Jette Led , Grantcharov Teodor P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that simulation leads to improved operative skill, shorter operating room time, and better patient outcomes. Currently, no standardized laparoscopy curriculum exists for gynecology residents.

Objective
To design a structured laparoscopy curriculum for gynecology residents using Delphi consensus methodology.

Methods
This study began with Delphi methodology to determine expert consensus on the components of a gynecology laparoscopic skills curriculum. We generated a list of cognitive content, technical skills, and nontechnical skills for training in laparoscopic surgery, and asked 39 experts in gynecologic education to rate the items on a Likert scale (1–5) for inclusion in the curriculum. Consensus was predefined as Cronbach α of ≥ 0.80. We then conducted another Delphi survey with 9 experienced users of laparoscopic virtual reality simulators to delineate relevant curricular tasks. Finally, a cross-sectional design defined benchmark scores for all identified tasks, with 10 experienced gynecologic surgeons performing the identified tasks at basic, intermediate, and advanced levels.

Results
Consensus (Cronbach α = 0.85) was achieved in the first round of the curriculum Delphi, and after 2 rounds (Cronbach α = 0.80) in the virtual reality curriculum Delphi. Consensus was reached for cognitive, technical, and nontechnical skills as well as for 6 virtual reality tasks. Median time and economy of movement scores defined benchmarks for all tasks.

Conclusions
This study used Delphi consensus to develop a comprehensive curriculum for teaching gynecologic laparoscopy. The curriculum conforms to current educational standards of proficiency-based training, and is suggested as a standard in residency programs.
The Study of Utility of Single Drop Neck Incision for Neck Dissection
Authors: Gosavi Vikas Sadashiv , Kale Shriniketan Shirish 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Neck dissection forms integral part in the radical treatment of carcinoma of the oral cavity. In this study, we have examined usefulness of the single drop neck incision.

Materials and methods
All the patients with carcinoma of oral cavity which were operated with the single drop neck incision were studied as they were called for follow-up. Their complications, cosmetic outcome and range of shoulder and neck movements were studied.

Results
Total 32 patients were eligible for the study. Average follow-up was about 7 months (1-16 months). Twelve (38%) patients had difficulty in lifting weights and doing manual work at occupation like farm work, etc. Four (12.5%) patients were not happy with their cosmetic outcome. Three (9.4%) patients had hypertrophied scar. One patient had severe trismus and four (12.5%) had marginal skin necrosis.

Conclusion
This study concluded that the single drop neck incision is a very useful tool to perform neck dissection with acceptable morbidity with good postoperative cosmetic outcome.

How to cite this article
Gosavi VS, Kale SS. The Study of Utility of Single Drop Neck Incision for Neck Dissection. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):140-143.
Antistreptolysin O Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: Rare or Common?
Authors: Prashanth KB , George Nitha Mary 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the frequency of antistreptolysin O (ASLO) positivity in cases of proven chronic tonsillitis.Materials and methodsThe present study was conducted in a tertiary care center from January to October 2013. A total of 150 patients who presented with features suggestive of chronic tonsillitis and willing for surgery were included in the study. On admission, following a detailed history taking and clinical examination, preoperative investigations along with ASLO titers were done. Following medical and anesthetic fitness, the patients underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and the tonsillar specimens were sent for histopathological examination.ResultsA total of five out of the 150 patients showed ASLO titer positivity (>200 IU/ml) and all were histopathologically proven cases of chronic tonsillitis.ConclusionEarly detection and treatment of Streptococcal tonsillar involvement could be a preventive measure against the future predilection of other predisposed organs to more severe and debilitating streptococcal infections.How to cite this articleSantosh UP, Prashanth KB, George NM. Antistreptolysin O Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: Rare or Common? Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):53-54.
Clinicopathological Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Inferior Turbinate Tissue Eosinophils
Authors: Santosh UP , Pandurangi Aniketh Shyamsunder 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesAllergic rhinitis affects up to 20% of the general population and is one of the most common reasons for presentations to the outpatient department. We hereby present a case series which attempts to have a correlation between tissue eosinophilia (inferior turbinate) and increased eosinophil count in blood (> 440 cells/mm3).Materials and methodsThirty-six patients presented to the Outpatient Department of Bapuji Hospital and Chigateri General Hospital (Teaching Hospitals attached to JJM Medical College), Davangere, with nasal obstruction and symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis with turbinate hypertrophy who were posted for elective bilateral partial inferior turbinectomy with/without submucous resection/septoplasty. These patients had increased absolute eosinophil count in blood. Formalin fixed inferior turbinectomy specimens were routinely processed for histopathology. Eosinophils in the mucosa and submucosal region were counted by method of Shioda and Mishima.ResultsTen patients out of 36 showing increased eosinophil count in blood show ‘significant eosinophilia’ in turbinates (27.7%).ConclusionPeripheral eosinophilia does not always correlate with tissue eosinophilia which opens up a possibility of using nasal mucosa biopsy for confirmation of presence of eosinophils. Further studies are needed to explore the demonstration of ‘activated’ tissue eosinophils in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.How to cite this articleSantosh UP, Sunil KB, Pandurangi AS. Clinicopathological Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Inferior Turbinate Tissue Eosinophils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):58-60.
A Rare Case of Rhinofacial Zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus Infection
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Mishra Meenakshi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundRhinofacial zygomycosis is the infection of subcutaneous tissues of maxillofacial region caused by zygomycetes class of fungi. It is commonly caused by the order mucorales and is acute and fulminant. Infections by the order entomophthorales are rare but indolent.Case reportWe report an unusual case of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus of the order Entomophthorales in an immunocompetent adult male to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. We treated the patient with multiple drugs, that is amphotericin-B, cotrimoxazole, and itraconazole along with endoscopic debridement of nasal polyps with excellent result.ConclusionRhinofacial zygomycosis due to entomophthorales is rare but treatable condition. Appropriate histopathological diagnosis and a multipronged approach with timely medical as well as surgical management is the key to clinical cure.How to cite this articleChakravarti A, Mishra M. A Rare Case of Rhinofacial Zygomycosis due toConidiobolusInfection. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):65-67.