bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of euthanasia method on stable‐carbon and stable‐nitrogen isotope analysis for an ectothermic vertebrate
Authors: Atwood Meredith A. 
Published: March 2013

RATIONALEStable isotope analysis is a critical tool for understanding ecological food webs; however, results can be sensitive to sample preparation methods. To limit the possibility of sample contamination, freezing is commonly used to euthanize invertebrates and preserve non‐lethal samples from vertebrates. For destructive sampling of vertebrates, more humane euthanasia methods are preferred to freezing and it is essential to evaluate how these euthanasia methods affect stable isotope results.METHODSStable isotope ratios and elemental composition of carbon and nitrogen were used to evaluate whether the euthanasia method compromised the integrity of the sample for analysis. Specifically, the stable isotope and C:N ratios were compared for larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica = Lithobates sylvaticus), an ectothermic vertebrate, that had been euthanized by freezing with four different humane euthanasia methods: CO2, benzocaine, MS‐222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), and 70% ethanol.RESULTSThe euthanasia method was not related to the δ13C or δ15N values and the comparisons revealed no differences between freezing and any of the other treatments. However, there were slight (non‐significant) differences in the isotope ratios of benzocaine and CO2 when each was compared with freezing. The elemental composition was altered by the euthanasia method employed. The percentage nitrogen was higher in CO2 treatments than in freezing, and similar (non‐significant) trends were seen for ethanol treatments relative to freezing. The resulting C:N ratios were higher for benzocaine treatments than for both CO2 and ethanol. Similar (non‐significant) trends suggested that the C:N ratios were also higher for animals euthanized by freezing than for both CO2 and ethanol euthanasia methods.CONCLUSIONSThe euthanasia method had a larger effect on elemental composition than stable isotope ratios. The percentage nitrogen and the subsequent C:N ratios were most affected by the CO2 and ethanol euthanasia methods, whereas non‐significant trends suggested that benzocaine and CO2 altered the stable isotope ratios. It appears that the use of MS‐222 and freezing with dry ice are the most appropriate euthanasia methods for ectothermic vertebrates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault detection for LPV systems using model parameters that can be estimated via linear least squares
Authors: Dong Jianfei , Kulcsár Balázs , Verhaegen Michel 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a fault detection approach for discrete‐time affine linear parameter varying systems with additive faults. A finite horizon input‐output linear parameter varying model is used to obtain a linear in the model parameter regression residual form. The bias in the residual term vanishes because of quadratic stability of an underlying observer. The new methodology avoids projecting the residual onto a parity space, which in real time requires at least quadratic computational complexity. When neglecting the bias, the fault detection is carried out by an χ2 hypothesis test. Finally, the algorithm uses model parameters that can be identified prior to the on‐line fault detection with linear least squares. A realtime experiment is carried out to demonstrate the viability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sets that are connected in two random graphs
Authors: Molloy Michael 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT–We consider two random graphs G1, G2, both on the same vertex set. We ask whether there is a non‐trivial set of vertices S, so that S induces a connected subgraph both in G1 and in G2. We determine the threshold for the appearance of such a subset, as well as the size of the largest such subset. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 498–512, 2014
Detecting stepping‐stone intrusion using association rule mining
Authors: Hsiao Han‐Wei , Sun Huey‐Min , Fan Wei‐Cheng 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTHackers generally do not use their own computers to launch attacks on the Internet to avoid exposing their actual locations. The trick involves an intruder connecting to a victim indirectly through a sequence of hosts called stepping‐stone, which makes network managers difficult to detect the intrusion, often results in serious injuries. In this study, a detection method of stepping‐stone based on the association rule mining of network traffic records is proposed. The association rules establish a model for detecting stepping‐stones in accordance with collecting the connecting records in the governed network. Test records are gathered from the source and destination addresses of Internet protocol in a fixed time interval, which are then analyzed with the association rules algorithm to filter out the transmission characteristics of stepping‐stone attacks. In the experimental results, empirical evaluation under 5 min of test records shows that the accuracy rate, the precision rate, and the recall rate are 83.81%, 84.26%, and 83.16%, respectively. When the test record gathering time is extended to 20 min, with the same detecting method, the three evaluations achieve 99.9%. The proposed detection method may be helpful to network management for detecting suspected stepping‐stone attacks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A probabilistic quantum key transfer protocol
Authors: Parakh Abhishek 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a protocol to transfer a one‐time pad (in a probabilistic manner) from Alice to Bob, over a public channel. The proposed protocol is unique because Bob merely acts as a receiver of the pad (secret key); that is, Bob does not need to send any message back to Alice unless he detects eavesdropping. Such a secure transfer of one‐time pad, over public channel, is not possible in classical cryptography, and in quantum cryptography, all previous protocols require Bob to send almost as many messages back to Alice as she does to Bob to establish a key. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene‐Based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Wu Shixin , He Qiyuan , Tan Chaoliang , Wang Yadong , Zhang Hua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraphene, one kind of emerging carbon nanomaterial, has attracted increasing attention recently. Due to its fascinating physical and electrochemical properties, graphene as a promising electrode material has been widely used in electrochemical sensing applications. In this review, different approaches for the fabrication of graphene and the preparation of graphene‐modified electrodes for electrochemical sensors are introduced. Moreover, recent research results on different graphene‐based materials as an electrochemical platform for the detection of various biomolecules and chemicals are reviewed and compared. More electrochemical studies on this novel material should show up in the near future.
Low power wind energy conversion system based on variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generators
Authors: Carranza O. , Garcerá G. , Figueres E. , González L.G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a low power wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a high power factor (PF) rectifier. To achieve a high PF at the generator side, a power processing scheme based on a diode rectifier and a boost DC–DC converter working in discontinuous conduction mode is proposed. The proposed generator control structure is based on three cascaded control loops that regulate the generator current, the turbine speed and the amount of power that is extracted from the wind, respectively, following the turbine aerodynamics and the actual wind speed. The analysis and design of both the current and the speed loops have been carried out taking into consideration the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the WECS, as well as the turbine aerodynamics. The power loop is not a linear one, but a maximum power point tracking algorithm, based on the Perturb and Observe technique, from which is obtained the reference signal for the speed loop. Finally, to avoid the need of mechanical sensors, a linear Kalman Filter has been chosen to estimate the generator speed. Simulation and experimental results on a 2‐kW prototype are shown to validate the concept. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating controls on coupled hydrologic and vegetation dynamics in a humid continental climate watershed using a subsurface‐land surface processes model
Authors: Shen Chaopeng , Niu Jie , Phanikumar Mantha S. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Evaluated relative controls on hydrologic and vegetation fluxes and states
Evaluated the coupling strengths between biogeochemical and hydrologic cycles
Elucidated patterns of hydrology and vegetation dynamics in a Great Lakes basin
Evaluation of groundwater depletion in North China using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and ground‐based measurements
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhong Min , Lemoine Jean‐Michel , Biancale Richard , Hsu Hou‐Tse , Xia Jun 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
GRACE detects the groundwater depletion in North China.
Official report underestimates the groundwater depletion rate in North China.
High groundwater depletion exists in Beijing and Hebei province.
Breeding melon for resistance to Fusarium wilt: recent developments
Authors: Oumouloud A. , El-Otmani M. , Chikh-Rouhou H. , Claver A. Garcés , Torres R. González , Perl-Treves R. , Álvarez J. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMelon Fusarium wilt (MFW), caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.melonis(Fom), is one of the most destructive diseases of melon (Cucumis meloL.). The development and deployment of resistant cultivars is generally considered to be the best approach to control MFW. Based on the host resistance genes associated with variants of this pathogen,Fomisolates were classified into four physiological races designated 0, 1, 2, and 1,2. Two dominant resistance genes,Fom-1andFom-2, control resistance to races 0 and 2, and 0 and 1, respectively.Fomisolates classified as race 1,2 are able to induce disease in melon lines carrying the above resistance genes. Many sources of resistance toFomraces 0, 1, and 2 have been reported. Partial resistance to race 1,2 controlled by polygenic recessive genes was only detected in a few Far Eastern melon accessions, except for the breeding line BIZ where complete resistance was described. Identification of DNA markers tightly linked to genes conferring resistance toFomhas immediate application in MFW resistance breeding programs. TheFom-2gene has been cloned, and it encodes a protein with a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats domain (LRR). Based on the sequence of this domain, some molecular markers linked to this gene were developed. Several DNA markers linked toFom-1have also been described. However, the usefulness of these markers was variety-dependent. Therefore, their combined use would be very useful in marker assisted selection for introducing resistance toFomraces 0 and 2 in melon. Recently, these markers were used for the positional cloning of this gene, which encoded a protein with a NBS–LRR domains that shows similarity to the toll and interleukin-1 receptores (TIR). RegardingFomrace 1,2, nine QTL were detected on five linkage groups by composite interval mapping. In this paper we review the current knowledge of MFW disease, and focus on genetic resistance toFomand marker-assisted selection for resistance.
Egg Consumption Modulates HDL Lipid Composition and Increases the Cholesterol‐Accepting Capacity of Serum in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Andersen Catherine J. , Blesso Christopher N. , Lee Jiyoung , Barona Jacqueline , Shah Dharika , Thomas Michael J. , Fernandez Maria Luz 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk‐free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol‐accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12‐week moderate carbohydrate‐restricted (25–30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL‐cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL‐triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL‐C, resulting in increases in HDL‐CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL‐C in MetS.
Interpretation, Stratification and Evidence for Sequence Variants Affecting mRNA Splicing in Complete Human Genome Sequences
Authors: Shirley Ben C. , Mucaki Eliseos J. , Whitehead Tyson , Costea Paul I. , Akan Pelin , Rogan Peter K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Information theory-based methods have been shown to be sensitive and specific for predicting and quantifying the effects of non-coding mutations in Mendelian diseases. We present the Shannon pipeline software for genome-scale mutation analysis and provide evidence that the software predicts variants affecting mRNA splicing. Individual information contents (in bits) of reference and variant splice sites are compared and significant differences are annotated and prioritized. The software has been implemented for CLC-Bio Genomics platform. Annotation indicates the context of novel mutations as well as common and rare SNPs with splicing effects. Potential natural and cryptic mRNA splicing variants are identified, and null mutations are distinguished from leaky mutations. Mutations and rare SNPs were predicted in genomes of three cancer cell lines (U2OS, U251 and A431), which were supported by expression analyses. After filtering, tractable numbers of potentially deleterious variants are predicted by the software, suitable for further laboratory investigation. In these cell lines, novel functional variants comprised 6–17 inactivating mutations, 1–5 leaky mutations and 6–13 cryptic splicing mutations. Predicted effects were validated by RNA-seq analysis of the three aforementioned cancer cell lines, and expression microarray analysis of SNPs in HapMap cell lines.
Possible contribution of lower mantle magnesiowüstite metallization into geomagnetic data
Authors: Plotkin V.V. , Dyad’kov P.G. , Ovchinnikov S.G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Phase change of dielectric magnesiowüstite in the lower mantle may leave signatures in geomagnetic records of the globally distributed array of observatories. We investigate theoretically which may be the contribution of magnesiowüstite metallization to geomagnetic data and how the variations of magnetic susceptibility associated with this phase change may influence the Earth’s field. The modeling is performed using spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) of mantle electromagnetic (EM) responses in observatory geomagnetic data at periods of decades, 11 years, 1 year, and 27 days. The existence of a lower mantle conductor is checked against monthly means of real observatory records from 1920 through 2009 obtained by preliminary processing.
Traces of paleoearthquakes in the Quaternary deposits of intermontane basins in central Gorny Altai
Authors: Deev E.V. , Zolnikov I.D. , Goltsova S.V. , Rusanov G.G. , Emanov A.A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Study of the sections of Neopleistocene–Holocene deposits filling the basins in central Gorny Altai has revealed earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation (seismites). They formed as a result of the brittle deformation of deposits and liquefaction of loose water-saturated sediments under vibration seismic impact. The paleoearthquakes resulting in such seismites had the minimum intensity I = 6 and magnitude M = 5–6. Hence, the study region underwent strong earthquakes in the Neopleistocene–Holocene.
A multi-fidelity modelling approach for evaluation and optimization of wing stroke aerodynamics in flapping flight
Authors: Zheng Lingxiao , Hedrick Tyson L. , Mittal Rajat 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aerodynamics of hovering flight in a hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) are examined using a computational modelling approach which combines a low-fidelity blade-element model with a high-fidelity Navier–Stokes-based flow solver. The focus of the study is on understanding the optimality of the hawkmoth-inpired wingstrokes with respect to lift generation and power consumption. The approach employs a tight coupling between the computational models and experiments; the Navier–Stokes model is validated against experiments, and the blade-element model is calibrated with the data from the Navier–Stokes modelling. In the first part of the study, blade-element and Navier–Stokes modelling are used concurrently to assess the predictive capabilities of the blade-element model. Comparisons between the two modelling approaches also shed insights into specific flow features and mechanisms that are lacking in the lower-fidelity model. Subsequently, we use blade-element modelling to explore a large kinematic parameter space of the flapping wing, and Navier–Stokes modelling is used to assess the performance of the wing-stroke identified as optimal by the blade-element parameter survey. This multi-fidelity optimization study indicates that even within a parameter space constrained by the animal’s natural flapping amplitude and frequency, it is relatively easy to synthesize a wing stroke that exceeds the aerodynamic performance of the hawkmoth wing stroke. Within the prescribed constraints, the optimal wing stroke closely approximates the condition of normal hover, and the implications of these findings on hawkmoth flight capabilities as well as on the issue of biomimetic versus bioinspired design of flapping wing micro-aerial vehicles, are discussed.
Gene cloning and expression patterns of two prophenoloxidases fromCatantops pinguis(Orthoptera: Catantopidae)
Authors: Zheng Huizhen , Li Lingshun , Xu Qi , Zou Qi , Tang Bin , Wang Shigui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn insect, fat body plays major roles in insect innate immunity. Phenoloxidase (PO) is an important component in insect innate immunity and is necessary for acclimatization. In our study, two prophenoloxidase (PPO) subunits were obtained from fat body ofCatantops pinguis(Stål). The full-length cDNA sequence of one PPO (CpPPO1) consisted of 2347 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2187 bp encoding 728 amino acids, while the other subunit (CpPPO2) had a full length of 2445 bp, encoding 691 amino acids. Both thePPOgene products are predicted to possess all the structural features of other PPO members, including two putative tyrosinase copper-binding motifs with six highly conserved histidine residues and a thiolester-like motif. Tissue distribution analysis showed that bothPPOmRNAs were abundantly expressed in the fat body among 11 tissues examined, and they were transiently up-regulated afterEscherichia coliinfection, consistent with them being immune-responsive genes. Total levels ofCpPPO1 andCpPPO2 mRNA transcripts were much higher in first instar larvae and adults. A much higher transcript level ofCpPPO1 was detected in several months, while there were extremely high mRNA expression levels ofCpPPO2 in January, July, October, and December. The above results suggested that PPO from fat body might also bring significant function during the processes of development and acclimatization forC. pinguis.
Changes in prevalence of depression and anxiety following smoking cessation: results from an international cohort study (ATTEMPT)
Authors: Shahab L. , Andrew S. , West R. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundSmoking cessation improves physical health but it has been suggested that in vulnerable individuals it may worsen mental health. This study aimed to identify the short- and longer-term effects of stopping smoking on depression and anxiety in the general population and in those with a history of these disorders.MethodSociodemographic and smoking characteristics, and mental and physical health were assessed using established measures in the ATTEMPT cohort, an international longitudinal study of smokers (n = 3645). Smokers who had stopped for at least 3 months or less than 3 months at the 12-month follow-up were compared with current smokers (n = 1640).ResultsAt follow-up, 9.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.3–11.2] of smokers had stopped for less than 3 months and 7.5% (95% CI 6.3–8.9) for at least 3 months. Compared with current smokers, prevalence of depression prescriptions obtained in the last 2 weeks was lower for those who had stopped for less than 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.96] or at least 3 months (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06–0.94) after adjusting for baseline prescription levels and confounding variables. Adjusted prevalence of recent depression symptoms was also lower for ex-smokers who had stopped for less than 3 months (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.78) or at least 3 months (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.67) than among continuing smokers. There was no change in anxiety measures in the general population or any increase in anxiety or depression symptoms in ex-smokers with a past history of these conditions.ConclusionsSmoking cessation does not appear to be associated with an increase in anxiety or depression and may lead to a reduced incidence of depression.
Decentralized case-based reasoning and Semantic Web technologies applied to decision support in oncology
Authors: d'Aquin Mathieu , Lieber Jean , Napoli Amedeo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article presents the Kasimir system dedicated to decision knowledge management in oncology and which is built on top of Semantic Web technologies, taking benefit from standard knowledge representation formalisms and open reasoning tools. The representation of medical decision protocols, in particular for breast cancer treatment, is based on concepts and instances implemented within the description logic OWL DL (Web ontology language description logic). The knowledge units related to a protocol can then be applied for solving specific medical problems, using instance or concept classification. However, the straight application of a protocol is not always satisfactory, for example, because of contraindications, necessitating an adaptation of the protocol. This is why the principles and methods of case-based reasoning (CBR) in the framework of DLs have been used. In addition, the domain of oncology is complex and involves several specialties, for example, surgery and chemotherapy. This complexity can be better undertaken with a viewpoint-based representation of protocols and viewpoint-based reasoning, for either application or adaptation of the protocols. Accordingly, a distributed DL has been used for representing a viewpoint-based protocol. The application and the adaptation of the viewpoint-based protocol to medical cases is carried out using global instance classification and decentralized CBR.