bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Line segment-based fast 3D plane extraction using nodding 2D laser rangefinder
Authors: An Su-Yong , Lee Lae-Kyoung , Oh Se-Young 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThree-dimensional (3D) data processing has applications in solving complex tasks such as object recognition, environment modeling, and robotic mapping and localization. Because using raw 3D data without preprocessing is very time-consuming, extraction of geometric features that describe the environment concisely is essential. In this sense, a plane can be a suitable geometric feature due to its simplicity of extraction and the abundance in indoor environments. This paper presents an online incremental plane extraction method using line segments for indoor environments. Our data collection system is based on a “nodding” laser scanner, so we exploit the incremental nature of its data acquisition in which physical rotation and 3D data processing are conducted in parallel. Line segments defined by two end points become supporting elements that comprise a plane, so a large proportion of scan points can be ignored once the line segments are extracted from each scan slice. This elimination of points reduces the algorithm complexity and computation time. Experiments with the tens of complete scan data sets which were acquired from a typical indoor environment demonstrated that our method was at least three times faster than the state-of-the-art methods.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of lower-mobility cooperative arms
Authors: Long Philip , Khalil Wisama , Caro Stéphane 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThis paper studies the modeling and analysis of a system with two cooperative manipulators working together on a common task. The task is defined as the transportation of an object in space. The cooperative system is the dual-arm of the humanoid robot Nao, where the serial architecture of each arm has 5 degrees of freedom. The kinematics representing the closed chain system is studied. The mobility of the closed-loop system is analyzed and the nature of the possible motions explored. The stiffness of some motors can be reduced until they behave as passive joints. Certain joints are then chosen as actuated (independent) and the others as passive (dependent). The serial and parallel singular configurations of the system are considered. From the kinematic analysis, admissible and inadmissible minimum actuation schemes are analyzed. Furthermore the dynamic performance of the schemes is compared to find the optimum minimum actuation scheme.
Matching monocular lightweight features using N-gram techniques for topological location identification
Authors: Boal Jaime , Sánchez-Miralles Álvaro , Alvar Manuel 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), the topological paradigm provides a more natural and compact solution that scales better with the size of the environment. Computer vision has always been regarded as the ideal sensor technology for topological feature extraction and description and several methods have been proposed in the literature, but they are either time-consuming, require plenty of different sensors, or are very sensitive to perceptual aliasing, all of which limit their application scope.This paper presents a fast-to-compute collection of features extracted from monocular images, and an adaptive matching procedure for location identification in structured indoor environments inspired by the natural language processing field. Although only dominant vertical lines, color histograms, and a reduced number of keypoints are employed in this paper, the matching framework introduced allows for the incorporation of almost any other type of feature. The results of the experiments carried out in a home and an office environment suggest that the proposed method could be used for real-time topological scene recognition even if the environment changes moderately over time. Due to the combination of complementary features, high precision can be achieved within reasonable computation time by using weaker but faster descriptors.
Suing in a local jurisdictional court in late medieval Catalonia. The case of Caldes de Malavella (1328–1369)
Authors: SALES I FAVÀ LLUÍS 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the question of the effectiveness of court litigation over private contracts. Through a case study of fourteenth-century Caldes de Malavella, in northeastern Catalonia, it provides an instructive example of contract registration and enforcement. A large peasant clientele made use of the institutional framework provided by a compact jurisdictional estate. We also explore the ways in which the court system within this barony was affected by the demands of external jurisdictions. The article concludes that the whole system was efficient in prosecuting breach of contract, in serving broader mercantile strategies, and even in softening tensions among parties.
Testimony, History and Ethics: From the Memory of Jiabiangou Prison Camp to a Reappraisal of the Anti-Rightist Movement in Present-Day China
Authors: Veg Sebastian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe memory of the Anti-Rightist Movement has long been a blind spot in Chinese debates, with historiography limited to elite politics and little engagement with the repercussions of the movement at grassroots level. However, the publication of Yang Xianhui's 2003 book,Chronicles of Jiabiangou, marked a turning point. Based on extensive oral history interviews, Yang's book makes a substantive connection between the Anti-Rightist Movement and the establishment of dedicatedlaojiaocamps such as Jiabiangou in Gansu province. Documenting what he claims was a policy of dehumanization, he suggests that intellectuals were far from the only victims of a movement characterized by its extra-legal procedures. Ordinary people were often drawn into it and were more able than intellectuals to resist the legitimizing discourse of loyalty to the Party to which many intellectuals continued to cling. For Yang, the testimonies of the Rightist victims in Jiabiangou provide a fruitful field in which to investigate the breakdown of elementary social trust in society during the Anti-Rightist Movement. Situated ambiguously between oral history and literary intervention, Yang's work has, together with other recent publications such asTombstone, contributed to reopening the debate on Maoism in Chinese society today.
Next-generation sequencing of southern African Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus isolates reveals a high frequency of M segment reassortment
Authors: GOEDHALS D. , BESTER P. A. , PAWESKA J. T. , SWANEPOEL R. , BURT F. J. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYCrimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a bunyavirus with a single-stranded RNA genome consisting of three segments (S, M, L), coding for the nucleocapsid protein, envelope glycoproteins and RNA polymerase, respectively. To date only five complete genome sequences are available from southern African isolates. Complete genome sequences were generated for 10 southern African CCHFV isolates using next-generation sequencing techniques. The maximum-likelihood method was used to generate tree topologies for 15 southern African plus 26 geographically distinct complete sequences from GenBank. M segment reassortment was identified in 10/15 southern African isolates by incongruencies in grouping compared to the S and L segments. These reassortant M segments cluster with isolates from Asia/Middle East, while the S and L segments cluster with strains from South/West Africa. The CCHFV M segment shows a high level of genetic diversity, while the S and L segments appear to co-evolve. The reason for the high frequency of M segment reassortment is not known. It has previously been suggested that M segment reassortment results in a virus with high fitness but a clear role in increased pathogenicity has yet to be shown.
Multivariate analysis of factors affecting the immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children
Authors: FREEMAN G. , NG S. , PERERA R. A. P. M. , FANG V. J. , IP D. K. M. , LEUNG G. M. , PEIRIS J. S. M. , COWLING B. J. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe examined factors affecting the immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (TIV) in children using the antibody titres of children participating in a Hong Kong community-based study. Antibody titres of strains included in the 2009–2010 northern hemisphere TIV [seasonal A(H1N1), seasonal A(H3N2) and B (Victoria lineage)] and those not included in the TIV [2009 pandemic A(H1N1) and B (Yamagata lineage)] were measured by haemagglutination inhibition immediately before and 1 month after vaccination. Multivariate regression models were fitted in a Bayesian framework to characterize the distribution of changes in antibody titres following vaccination. Statistically significant rises in geometric mean antibody titres were observed against all strains, with a wide variety of standard deviations and correlations in rises observed, with the influenza type B antibodies showing more variability than the type A antibodies. The dynamics of antibody titres after vaccination can be used in more complex models of antibody dynamics in populations.
Uhl’s anomaly: a difficult prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Vaujois Laurence , van Doesburg Nicolaas , Raboisson Marie-Josée 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUhl’s anomaly is an evolutive disease leading to terminal right ventricular failure. The most difficult differential diagnosis at presentation is the Ebstein disease. We describe the evolution of a foetus with Uhl’s anomaly from 21 to 30 weeks of gestation, with progressive reduction in the right ventricular anterior myocardium suggestive of apoptosis, leading to foetal demise.
Breast-feeding andHelicobacter pyloriinfection: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carreira Helena , Bastos Ana , Peleteiro Bárbara , Lunet Nuno 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the association between breast-feeding andHelicobacter pyloriinfection, among children and adolescents.DesignWe searched MEDLINETMand ScopusTMup to January 2013. Summary relative risk estimates (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals were computed through the DerSimonian and Laird method. Heterogeneity was quantified using theI2statistic.SettingTwenty-seven countries/regions; four low-income, thirteen middle-income and ten high-income countries/regions.SubjectsStudies involving samples of children and adolescents, aged 0 to 19 years.ResultsWe identified thirty-eight eligible studies, which is nearly twice the number included in a previous meta-analysis on this topic. Fifteen studies compared everv. never breast-fed subjects; the summary RR was 0·87 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·32;I2=34·4 %) in middle-income and 0·85 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·34;I2=79·1 %) in high-income settings. The effect of breast-feeding for ≥4–6 months was assessed in ten studies from middle-income (summary RR=0·66; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·98;I2=65·7 %) and two from high-income countries (summary RR=1·56; 95 % CI 0·57, 4·26;I2=68·3 %). Two studies assessed the effect of exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months (OR=0·91; 95 % CI 0·61, 1·34 and OR=1·71; 95 % CI 0·66, 4·47, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest a protective effect of breast-feeding in economically less developed settings. However, further research is needed, with a finer assessment of the exposure to breast-feeding and careful control for confounding, before definite conclusions can be reached.
Appetite testing in HIV-infected African adults recovering from malnutrition and given antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Rehman Andrea M , Woodd Susannah , Chisenga Molly , Siame Joshua , Sampson Gemma , PrayGod George , Koethe John R , Kelly Paul , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe Nutritional Support for Africans Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (NUSTART) trial was designed to determine whether nutritional support for malnourished HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) can improve early survival. Appetite is related to health outcomes in this population, but the optimal appetite metric for field use is uncertain. We evaluated two measures of appetite with the goal of improving understanding and treatment of malnutrition in HIV-infected adults.DesignLongitudinal cohort study embedded in a clinical trial of vitamin and mineral-fortified, v. unfortified, lipid-based nutritional supplements.SettingHIV clinics in Mwanza, Tanzania and Lusaka, Zambia.SubjectsMalnourished (BMI<18·5 kg/m2) HIV-infected adults starting ART.ResultsAppetite measurements, by short questionnaire and by weight of maize porridge consumed in a standardized test, were compared across time and correlated with changes in weight. Appetite questionnaire scores, from polychoric correlation, and porridge test results were normally distributed for Tanzanians (n 187) but clustered and unreliable for Zambians (n 297). Among Tanzanian patients, the appetite score increased rapidly from referral for ART, plateaued at the start of ART and then increased slowly during the 12-week follow-up. Change in appetite questionnaire score, but not porridge test, correlated with weight change in the corresponding two-week intervals (P=0·002) or over the whole study (P=0·05) but a point estimate of hunger did not predict weight change (P=0·4).ConclusionsIn Tanzania change in appetite score correlated with weight change, but single point measurements did not. Appetite increases several weeks after the start of ART, which may be an appropriate time for nutritional interventions for malnourished HIV-infected adults.
Microstructural Analysis of Au/TiO2-SBA-15 Nanocomposite
Authors: Gondo Takashi , Kaneko Kenji , Nishiyama Takeshi , Yamada Kazuhiro , Saghi Zineb , Barnard Jonathan S. , Midgley Paul A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProperties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are very different from bulk gold, in particular, highly dispersed AuNPs exhibit high catalytic activities on metal oxide supports. Catalytic activities of AuNPs are strongly dependent on: (i) size and morphology; (ii) synthesis methods; (iii) nature of the support; (iv) interaction between AuNPs and the support; and (v) oxidation state of AuNPs in the synthesized catalysts. A goal is to maintain the size and to prohibit aggregation of AuNPs, since aggregations deteriorate catalytic activities. Some strong interactions are therefore required between AuNPs and their supports to prevent the movement of AuNPs. SBA-15 is a promising material for the support of AuNPs since it has ordered two-dimensional hexagonal pore channels, uniform pore size ranging from 5 to 30 nm, narrow pore size distribution, thick amorphous walls ranging from 3 to 6 nm, and high surface area. In this study, SBA-15, TiO2-SBA-15 and TiO2-SBA-15-AuNP nanocomposites were synthesized by the sol-gel method and microstructural characterizations were carried out by both X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy.
Olympic citizenship and the (un)specialness of the national vest: rethinking the links between sport and citizenship law
Authors: Kostakopoulou Dora , Schrauwen Annette 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe increasing mobility of athletes prompts a reconsideration of the presumed connection between allegiance, identity and nationality. Olympic citizenship challenges traditional understandings of community membership by calling into question the privileged status of birthright citizenship and by bringing forth a different, more fluid and changeable notion of belonging. By juxtaposing the ‘old’ world of nations competing via ‘their’ athletes, as momentary representatives of the nation, for glory, medals, dominance and prestige, to the increasing mobility of sportspersons engaging in the pursuit of athletic excellence and creative self-expression, we argue that neither the enactment of tighter rules to prevent ‘citizenship shopping’ nor the transformation of the Olympic Games into athletes' Olympics are desirable reforms. Instead, we propose a participatory growth model which would allow athletes to choose the country they intend to represent following their enmeshment into a localised web of socio-economic interactions and a flexible framework of citizenship. This cannot but have wider implications for the Olympic Charter and for politics in general.
Evaluation of sex differences in health-related quality of life outcomes associated with child abuse: Results from the Ontario Child Health Study
Authors: Tanaka M. , Afifi T. O. , Wathen C. N. , Boyle M. H. , MacMillan H. L. 
Published: May 2014

Aims.Despite the advances in child maltreatment research, there is still the need for comprehensive information about how abuse affects a broad range of categories of young adult functioning, and the extent to which these vary by sex. We examined the associations between child physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) and six areas of functioning (mental health, physical health, life satisfaction, illegal substance use, alcohol problems and daily smoking).Methods.Data were obtained from the 1983 Ontario Child Health Study and follow-up in 2000/2001 (n = 1893). Multilevel regression estimated the adjusted associations for PA (with severity) and SA with each of the outcomes. Estimates with an entire sample were presented with sex-by-abuse interactions to examine sex differences and then presented separately by sex.Results.In the adjusted model, severe PA and SA were associated with impairment in mental health, and both forms of PA (severe and non-severe) and SA were associated with low life satisfaction. In addition, severe PA was associated with illegal substance use. Child abuse variables were not associated with poor physical health, alcohol problems or smoking. Although sex-stratified analyses revealed different patterns, there was no significant sex difference in the integrated sample.Conclusions.This is among the first community-based studies to show a strong association between child PA and SA and low life satisfaction in young adults. The abuse effects were similar for both sexes.
Oral pathobiont induces systemic inflammation and metabolic changes associated with alteration of gut microbiota
Authors: Arimatsu Kei , Yamada Hitomi , Miyazawa Haruna , Minagawa Takayoshi , Nakajima Mayuka , Ryder Mark I. , Gotoh Kazuyoshi , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Iida Tetsuya , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPeriodontitis has been implicated as a risk factor for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic vascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although bacteremias from dental plaque and/or elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines emanating from the inflamed gingiva are suspected mechanisms linking periodontitis and these diseases, direct evidence is lacking. We hypothesize that disturbances of the gut microbiota by swallowed bacteria induce a metabolic endotoxemia leading metabolic disorders. To investigate this hypothesis, changes in the gut microbiota, insulin and glucose intolerance and levels of tissue inflammation were analysed in mice after oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a representative periodontopathogens. Pyrosequencing revealed that the population belonging to Bacteroidales was significantly elevated in P. gingivalis-administered mice which coincided with increases in insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. In P. gingivalis-administered mice blood endotoxin levels tended to be higher, whereas gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum was significantly decreased. These results provide a new paradigm for the interrelationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
Metabolic regulator Fnip1 is crucial for iNKT lymphocyte development
Authors: Park Heon , Tsang Mark , Iritani Brian M. , Bevan Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Identifying factors that regulate the development of cytokine-producing immunoregulatory invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is critical for understanding how to modulate these cells to promote cell-mediated immunity to cancer and infectious organisms or suppress excessive inflammation in autoimmune disease. Here, we identified an essential role for the metabolic regulator Folliculin-interacting protein 1 (Fnip1) in iNKT cell development and survival. Fnip1 physically interacts with AMPK, an energy-sensing enzyme that stimulates mitochondria and ATP production in response to energy deficit, while inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated cell growth. Fnip1-deficient iNKT cells contain reduced mitochondrial number and hyperactive mTOR, which resulted in decreased ATP levels and increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Our findings indicate that Fnip1 is vital for maintaining metabolic balance during iNKT cell development.
Airway management
Authors: Ross-Anderson Davina , Patel Anil , Fell Abigail , Frerk Chris 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The ability to manage confidently the difficult airway, both anticipated and unanticipated, is an essential skill for any anaesthetist; these cases describe successful strategies that have been deployed in the management of difficult airways and the rationale underpinning them. Case 1.1 discusses the management of a suspected difficult airway while case 1.2 deals with an unanticipated scenario. Planning, communication and team working are essential for success, alongside familiarity with the specialised equipment and techniques available (such as videolaryngoscopes, percutaneous airways and fibre-optic intubation). Understanding the limitations of clinical airway assessment, regular practice of failed intubation drills (such as the Difficult Airway Society Guidelines) and an appreciation of the priority of oxygenation over intubation increase the safety of anaesthetic practice. Extubation requires planning when airway problems have been encountered and patients should be informed when difficulties have been encountered with their airways intraoperatively. Almost all anaesthetists will encounter difficult airways in their practice; no single strategy will be suitable for all scenarios.
Paediatric anaesthesia
Authors: Dibb-Fuller Erica , Wellesley Hugo , Homer Rachel , Wilkinson Kathy 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Paediatric anaesthesia brings many challenges; this chapter explores the issues of anaesthetising a neonate for MRI (case 6.1) and provides a detailed approach to anaesthesia for tonsillectomy (case 6.2). Neonates present a challenging and high risk group to anaesthetise. Practical issues relating to intravenous access, airway management, temperature and fluid management are coupled with a need for understanding the physiological responses of the neonate and an ability to discuss the potential risks of anaesthesia with the parents. Prematurity and anaesthesia in remote locations (such as the MRI scanner) add to the challenges. Tonsillectomy may be performed for recurrent tonsillitis or obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Children with OSA require especially detailed pre-assessment to identify those at high risk of complications to allow appropriate management planning. Airway management requires a collaborative approach by surgeon and anaesthetist. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding requires a calm, careful team approach to ensure safety and avoid further distress to an already frightened child.
Destruction of wide binary stars in low-mass elliptical galaxies: implications for initial mass function estimates
Authors: Maccarone Thomas J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We discuss the effects of destruction of wide binaries in the nuclei of the lower mass giant elliptical galaxies. We show that the numbers of barium stars and extrinsic S stars should be dramatically reduced in these galaxies compared to what is seen in the largest elliptical galaxies. Given that the extrinsic S stars show strong Wing–Ford band and Na i D absorption, we argue that the recent claims of different initial mass functions from the most massive elliptical galaxies versus lower mass ellipticals may be the result of extrinsic S stars, rather than bottom-heavy initial mass function.