bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced concepts and methods for very high intensity accelerators
Authors: Nghiem P.A.P. , Chauvin N. , Comunian M. , Oliver C. , Simeoni W. , Uriot D. , Valette M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor very high intensity accelerators, not only beam power but also space charge is a concern. Both aspects should be taken into consideration for any analysis of accelerators aiming at comparing their performances and pointing out the challenging sections. As high beam power is an issue from the lowest energy, careful and exhaustive beam loss predictions have to be done. High space charge implies lattice compactness making the implementation of beam diagnostics very problematic, so a clear strategy for beam diagnostic has to be defined. Beam halo is no longer negligible. Its dynamics is different from that of the core and plays a significant role in the particle loss process. Therefore, beam optimization must take the halo into account and beam characterization must be able to describe the halo part in addition to the core one. This paper presents the advanced concepts and methods for beam analysis, beam loss prediction, beam optimization, beam diagnostic, and beam characterization especially dedicated to very high intensity accelerators. Examples of application of these concepts are given in the case of the IFMIF accelerators.
Heavy-ion radiography facility at the Institute of Modern Physics
Authors: Sheng Lina , Zhao Yongtao , Yang Guojun , Wei Tao , Jiang Xiaoguo , Zhou Xianming , Cheng Rui , Yan Yan , Li Peng , Yang Jiancheng , Yuan Youjin , Xia Jiawen , Xiao Guoqing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn order to identify the density and material type, high energy protons, electrons, and heavy ions are used to radiograph dense objects. The particles pass through the object, undergo multiple coulomb scattering, and are focused onto an image plane by a magnetic lens system. A modified beam line at the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been developed for heavy-ion radiography. It can radiograph a static object with a spatial resolution of about 65 µm (1 σ). This paper presents the heavy-ion radiography facility at the Institute of Modern Physics, including the beam optics, the simulation of radiography by Monte Carlo code and the experimental result with 600 MeV/u carbon ions. In addition, dedicated beam lines for proton radiography which are planned are also introduced.
Soluble sperm extract specifically recapitulates the initial phase of the Ca2+response in the fertilized oocyte ofP. occelatafollowing a G-protein/ PLCβ signaling pathway
Authors: Nakano Takeshi , Kyozuka Keiichiro 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMatured oocytes of the annelidan wormPseudopotamilla occelataare fertilized at the first metaphase of the meiotic division. During the activation by fertilizing spermatozoa, the mature oocyte shows a two-step intracellular Ca2+increase. Whereas the first Ca2+increase is localized and appears to utilize the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+stores, the second Ca2+increase is global and involves Ca2+influx via voltage-gated Ca2+channels on the entire surface of the oocyte. To study how sperm trigger the Ca2+increases during fertilization, we prepared soluble sperm extract (SE) and examined its ability to induce Ca2+increases in the oocyte. The SE could evoke a Ca2+increase in the oocyte when it was added to the medium, but not when it was delivered by microinjection. However, the second-step Ca2+increase leading to the resumption of meiosis did not follow in these eggs. Local application of SE induced a non-propagating Ca2+increase and formed a cytoplasmic protrusion that was similar to that created by the fertilizing sperm at the first stage of the Ca2+response, important for sperm incorporation into the oocyte. Our results suggest that the fertilizing spermatozoon may trigger the first-step Ca2+increase before it fuses with the oocyte in a pathway that involves the G-protein-coupled receptor and phospholipase C. Thus, the first phase of the Ca2+response in the fertilized egg of this species is independent of the second phase of the Ca2+increase for egg activation.
Forage potential of six leguminous green manures and effect of grazing on following grain crops
Authors: Cicek Harun , Martens Joanne R. Thiessen , Bamford Keith C. , Entz Martin H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is a need to design intensive cropping systems that can reap multiple benefits from annual forages including animal feed, soil fertility and weed control. Considering pea/oat (Pisum sativumcv. 40–10/Avena sativacv. Legget) as a standard green manure, this study investigated the productivity, weed competitiveness, utilization and nitrogen (N) benefit from grazed and ungrazed green manures to spring wheat (Triticum aestivumcv. Waskada) and fall rye (Secale cerealecv. Hazlet). A set of 3-year experiments was carried out in Carman, Manitoba, Canada in 2009, and was repeated in 2010 and 2011. Green manures were grazed by 2–3 ewes and 2–5 lambs for 24 h (1111–1667 sheep days per ha). Averaged over experiments pea/oat mix, hairy vetch (Vicia villosaL.) and sweetclover (Melilotus officinaliscv. Norgold) above-ground dry matter (DM) production were 5036, 5032 and 4064 kg ha−1, respectively. Lentil (Lens culinariscv. Indianhead), a mixture of seven species and soybean (Glycine maxcv. Prudence) produced the least amount of DM over 3 years; 3589, 3551, 3174 kg ha−1, respectively. Pea/oat and hairy vetch were the most weed-competitive species and, averaged over 3 years, contained less than 15% weed DM. Utilization of green manures by grazing animals varied little among species across years and ranged from 28 to 86% for individual species and years. When combined across experiments grazing increased N availability to the wheat crop. The grazing effect was significant for wheat DM production, N uptake and grain N, but not significant for yield across experiments. Averaged over 3 years, wheat took up 107 kg N ha−1from grazed plots versus 98 kg N ha−1from ungrazed plots. A significant species×management interaction for total (wheat+fall rye) N uptake in 2009 indicated that increasing the proportion of legumes in the green manure increased N benefit from grazing. Fall rye productivity was not affected by grazing. We recommend pea/oat and hairy vetch as two green manure species to enhance the overall system performance to achieve high level of DM production, good weed competition, utilization by sheep and provision of N benefit to the following wheat and fall rye crops.
Assessment of a Self-regulated Learning Intervention
Authors: González-Pienda Julio A. , Fernández Estrella , Bernardo Ana , Núñez José C. , Rosário Pedro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFollowing a pretest-posttest design with no control group, this paper evaluates
the efficacy of an intervention program. Consisting of twelve sessions, the
program endeavored to increase knowledge and use of self-regulated learning
strategies, as well as study time, in 277 first-year students in the Spanish
secondary education system. The intervention’s efficacy was assessed
in terms of three variables: knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies,
use of self-regulated learning strategies, and study time. The results of
post-intervention data analysis indicate that statistically significant changes
occurred in students’ knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies
and weekly study time, but not in their use of self-regulated learning
strategies. When the sample was stratified into three groups (high, moderate,
and low) according to baseline scores on the dependent variables, our findings
show that students in the lower group profited most from the intervention on all
three variables. This suggests that participation in the program is especially
useful for at-risk students (i.e. those with little knowledge and use of
effective learning strategies).
Contribution of TIP30 to chemoresistance in laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhu M , Yin F , Yang L , Chen S , Chen R , Zhou X , Jing W , Fan X , Jia R , Wang H , Zheng H , Zhao J , Guo Y 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common carcinomas of the head and neck. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival of patients with LSCC has not improved in the past two decades. TIP30, a newly identified tumour suppressor, appears to be involved in multiple processes during tumour development. Here, we investigated the involvement of TIP30 in chemoresistance of LSCC in vitro and in vivo. We showed that TIP30 expression decreased significantly in drug-selected cells (DSCs) of laryngeal carcinoma. Suppressing TIP30 enhanced resistance capability to multiple chemotherapy drugs, cell proliferation and self-renewal in Hep2 cells. Additionally, decreased self-renewal capacity and chemotherapeutic resistance were observed in DSCs overexpressing TIP30. Furthermore, TIP30 negatively regulated tumourigenesis and chemoresistance in LSCC cells subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice. Moreover, decreased TIP30 expression contributed to chemoresistance, self-renewal and proliferation of LSCC cells via nuclearlisation of β-catenin, a cell–cell adhesion and stem cell renewal regulator. Consistently, Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling analyses showed that decreased TIP30 expression independently predicted poor survival in patients with LSCC. Taken together, our results reveal that TIP30 has a crucial role in chemoresistance of LSCC through the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway and may be a promising candidate for improving LSCC chemotherapy.
Reprogramming the fate of human glioma cells to impede brain tumor development
Authors: Su Z , Zang T , Liu M-L , Wang L-L , Niu W , Zhang C-L 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMalignant gliomas, the most common solid tumors in the central nervous system, are essentially incurable due to their rapid growth and very invasive nature. One potential approach to eradicating glioma cells is to force these cells to undergo terminal differentiation and, in the process, to irreversible postmitotic arrest. Here, we show that neurogenin 2 (NGN2, also known as NEUROG2) synergizes with sex-determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) to very efficiently convert human glioma cells to terminally differentiated neuron-like cells in both cell culture and adult mouse brains. These cells exhibit neuronal morphology, marker expression, and electrophysiological properties. The conversion process is accompanied by cell cycle exit, which dramatically inhibits glioma cell proliferation and tumor development after orthotopic transplantation. Most importantly, intracranial injection of NGN2- and SOX11-expressing virus into the tumor mass also curtails glioma growth and significantly improves survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, this study shows a simple and highly efficient strategy for reprogramming malignant glioma cells into postmitotic cells, which might be a promising therapeutic approach for brain tumors.
Deficiency of osteoblastic Arl6ip5 impaired osteoblast differentiation and enhanced osteoclastogenesis via disturbance of ER calcium homeostasis and induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Wu Y , Yang M , Fan J , Peng Y , Deng L , Ding Y , Yang R , Zhou J , Miao D , Fu Q 
Published: October 2014

AbstractADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5 (Arl6ip5), which belongs to the prenylated rab-acceptor-family, has an important role in exocytic protein trafficking, glutathione metabolism and involves in cancer progression. However, its expression pattern and functional role in bone are unknown. Here we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 knock-out mice (Arl6ip5 Δ2/Δ2) show marked decrease of bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness. Histomorphometric studies reveal that bone formation parameters are decreased but bone resorption parameters and mRNA level of osteoclast-specific markers are increased in Arl6ip5Δ2/Δ2 mice. In osteoblast, we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 abundantly expresses in osteoblastic cells and is regulated by bone metabolism-related hormones and growth factors. In vitro analysis reveals that osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are impaired in Arl6ip5 knocked-down and deficient primary osteoblast. Arl6ip5 is also found to function as an ER calcium regulator and control calmodulin signaling for osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, Arl6ip5 insufficiency in osteoblast induces ER stress and enhances ER stress-mediated apoptosis. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (Chop) is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and differentiation in Arl6ip5 knocked-down osteoblasts. For osteoclastogenesis, Arl6ip5 insufficiency in osteoclast precursors has no effect on osteoclast formation. However, knocked-down osteoblastic Arl6ip5 induces receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and enhances osteoclastogenesis. In addition, ER stress and Chop are involved in the RANKL expression in Arl6ip5 knocked-down osteoblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 is a novel regulator of bone formation in osteoblasts.
Medicarpin, a legume phytoalexin sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the induction of DR5 and activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway
Authors: Trivedi R , Maurya R , Mishra D P 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent with cancer cell-selective cell death inducing effect. However, the major limitation in the usage of TRAIL as a chemotherapeutic agent is the development of TRAIL resistance in many cancer types including myeloid leukemia. In this study, we report for the first time that Medicarpin (Med), a naturally occurring phytoalexin sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Combination of Med and TRAIL induced significantly higher apoptosis compared with that of the individual treatments of either agent alone through activation of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic cell death pathways characterized by the activation of caspases 8, 9, 3, and 7. Med treatment downregulated antiapoptotic proteins (Survivin, Bcl2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, and c-FLIP), upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Cytochrome C, Smac/Diablo, Bid, truncated Bid (tBid), p-eIF2α, Bip, and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein)), induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and increased the expression of the functional TRAIL receptor DR5 through activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway. Gain and loss of function studies clearly indicated that DR5 expression was critical for Med-induced TRAIL sensitization. The Med-induced TRAIL sensitization did not involve the NFkB signaling pathway or redistribution of DR5 in lipid rafts. The concomitant treatment with Med and TRAIL showed robust apoptotic effects in primary myeloid leukemia cells but had no toxic effects in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, our results suggest that Med sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the upregulation of DR5 through activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway.
Glucose transporter 1-mediated glucose uptake is limiting for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia anabolic metabolism and resistance to apoptosis
Authors: Liu T , Kishton R J , Macintyre A N , Gerriets V A , Xiang H , Liu X , Abel E D , Rizzieri D , Locasale J W , Rathmell J C 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe metabolic profiles of cancer cells have long been acknowledged to be altered and to provide new therapeutic opportunities. In particular, a wide range of both solid and liquid tumors use aerobic glycolysis to supply energy and support cell growth. This metabolic program leads to high rates of glucose consumption through glycolysis with secretion of lactate even in the presence of oxygen. Identifying the limiting events in aerobic glycolysis and the response of cancer cells to metabolic inhibition is now essential to exploit this potential metabolic dependency. Here, we examine the role of glucose uptake and the glucose transporter Glut1 in the metabolism and metabolic stress response of BCR-Abl+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (B-ALL). B-ALL cells were highly glycolytic and primary human B-ALL samples were dependent on glycolysis. We show B-ALL cells express multiple glucose transporters and conditional genetic deletion of Glut1 led to a partial loss of glucose uptake. This reduced glucose transport capacity, however, was sufficient to metabolically reprogram B-ALL cells to decrease anabolic and increase catabolic flux. Cell proliferation decreased and a limited degree of apoptosis was also observed. Importantly, Glut1-deficient B-ALL cells failed to accumulate in vivo and leukemic progression was suppressed by Glut1 deletion. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of aerobic glycolysis with moderate doses of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) slowed B-ALL cell proliferation, but extensive apoptosis only occurred at high doses. Nevertheless, 2-DG induced the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and sensitized B-ALL cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib in vivo. Together, these data show that despite expression of multiple glucose transporters, B-ALL cells are reliant on Glut1 to maintain aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism. Further, partial inhibition of glucose metabolism is sufficient to sensitize cancer cells to specifically targeted therapies, suggesting inhibition of aerobic glycolysis as a plausible adjuvant approach for B-ALL therapies.
Meiofauna increases bacterial denitrification in marine sediments
Authors: Bonaglia S. , Nascimento F. J. A , Bartoli M. , Klawonn I. , Brüchert V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDenitrification is a critical process that can alleviate the effects of excessive nitrogen availability in aquatic ecosystems subject to eutrophication. An important part of denitrification occurs in benthic systems where bioturbation by meiofauna (invertebrates <1 mm) and its effect on element cycling are still not well understood. Here we study the quantitative impact of meiofauna populations of different abundance and diversity, in the presence and absence of macrofauna, on nitrate reduction, carbon mineralization and methane fluxes. In sediments with abundant and diverse meiofauna, denitrification is double that in sediments with low meiofauna, suggesting that meiofauna bioturbation has a stimulating effect on nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. However, high meiofauna densities in the presence of bivalves do not stimulate denitrification, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rate and methane efflux are significantly enhanced. We demonstrate that the ecological interactions between meio-, macrofauna and bacteria are important in regulating nitrogen cycling in soft-sediment ecosystems.
Interferon regulatory factor 9 is critical for neointima formation following vascular injury
Authors: Zhang Shu-Min , Zhu Li-Hua , Chen Hou-Zao , Zhang Ran , Zhang Peng , Jiang Ding-Sheng , Gao Lu , Tian Song , Wang Lang , Zhang Yan , Wang Pi-Xiao , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Liu De-Pei , Li Hongliang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) has various biological functions and regulates cell survival; however, its role in vascular biology has not been explored. Here we demonstrate a critical role for IRF9 in mediating neointima formation following vascular injury. Notably, in mice, IRF9 ablation inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and attenuates intimal thickening in response to injury, whereas IRF9 gain-of-function promotes VSMC proliferation and migration, which aggravates arterial narrowing. Mechanistically, we show that the transcription of the neointima formation modulator SIRT1 is directly inhibited by IRF9. Importantly, genetic manipulation of SIRT1 in smooth muscle cells or pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 activity largely reverses the neointima-forming effect of IRF9. Together, our findings suggest that IRF9 is a vascular injury-response molecule that promotes VSMC proliferation and implicate a hitherto unrecognized ‘IRF9–SIRT1 axis’ in vasculoproliferative pathology modulation.
Noiseless intensity amplification of repetitive signals by coherent addition using the temporal Talbot effect
Authors: Maram Reza , Van Howe James , Li Ming , Azaña José 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAmplification of signal intensity is essential for initiating physical processes, diagnostics, sensing, communications and measurement. During traditional amplification, the signal is amplified by multiplying the signal carriers through an active gain process, requiring the use of an external power source. In addition, the signal is degraded by noise and distortions that typically accompany active gain processes. We show noiseless intensity amplification of repetitive optical pulse waveforms with gain from 2 to ~20 without using active gain. The proposed method uses a dispersion-induced temporal self-imaging (Talbot) effect to redistribute and coherently accumulate energy of the original repetitive waveforms into fewer replica waveforms. In addition, we show how our passive amplifier performs a real-time average of the wave-train to reduce its original noise fluctuation, as well as enhances the extinction ratio of pulses to stand above the noise floor. Our technique is applicable to repetitive waveforms in any spectral region or wave system.
On-line monitoring of methane in sewer air
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Sharma Keshab R. , Murthy Sudhir , Johnson Ian , Evans Ted , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMethane is a highly potent greenhouse gas and contributes significantly to climate change. Recent studies have shown significant methane production in sewers. The studies conducted so far have relied on manual sampling followed by off-line laboratory-based chromatography analysis. These methods are labor-intensive when measuring methane emissions from a large number of sewers and do not capture the dynamic variations in methane production. In this study, we investigated the suitability of infrared spectroscopy-based on-line methane sensors for measuring methane in humid and condensing sewer air. Two such sensors were comprehensively tested in the laboratory. Both sensors displayed high linearity (R2 > 0.999), with a detection limit of 0.023% and 0.110% by volume, respectively. Both sensors were robust against ambient temperature variations in the range of 5 to 35°C. While one sensor was robust against humidity variations, the other was found to be significantly affected by humidity. However, the problem was solved by equipping the sensor with a heating unit to increase the sensor surface temperature to 35°C. Field studies at three sites confirmed the performance and accuracy of the sensors when applied to actual sewer conditions and revealed substantial and highly dynamic methane concentrations in sewer air.