bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in Transnational Research Linkages: Evidence from U.S. Higher-education Activity
Authors: Koehn Peter H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In our knowledge-driven era, multiple and mutual benefits accrue from transnational research linkages. The article identifies important directions in transnational research collaborations involving U.S. universities revealed by key dimensions of 369 projects profiled on a U.S. higher-education association’s database. Project initiators, principal research fields, regional and country distributions, and the sources and amounts of funding for different types of transnational research activity are selected for analysis. The balanced total portfolio of reported current research projects by region suggests that U.S. university principal investigators increasingly recognize the value of collaborative knowledge generation in the Global South as well as in other OECD countries. The data also show concentrations in the distribution of transnational research projects by principal field of activity that could exacerbate intra-regional asymmetries. The multi-institutional data draw attention to the often unnoticed, but vital, role that higher-education institutions play in supporting transnational research endeavors that address issues of current and future global concern. The conclusion considers wider implications for higher-education involvement in transnational knowledge generation and calls for increased symmetry in collaborative research ventures.
Understanding the role of organizational factors in shaping the research careers of women academics in higher education
Authors: Ion Georgeta 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper represents an attempt to make a theoretical contribution to its knowledge base through an analysis of the group factors which contribute to the success of women academics engaged in research within the area of social sciences. The data were obtained through a series of in-depth interviews carried out at public universities in Catalonia, with women academics –all of whom were the heads of research groups recognized by the Generalitat [Regional Government] of Catalonia. The findings indicate that research groups provide a supportive and effective environment for female researchers enabling them to develop their academic careers, as measured by such key performance indicators as the number of publications and successful applications for research funding.
An interdisciplinary study in initial teacher training
Authors: Rada Virginia Larraz , de Aldecoa Cristina Yáñez , Cervera Mercè Gisbert , Vidal Cinta Espuny 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This experiment of innovative university education shows the interdisciplinary work carried out in the studies of the Bachelor of Science in Education at the University of Andorra. The study was developed within two subjects: Communication Technology (TAC) and Cultural Heritage Education in Andorra.
The main objective of this experiment is to foster the use of technological resources and digital materials, with the aim of drawing cultural heritage closer to the classroom. Based on a previous study of documentation and an analysis of online educational materials, the students have to design an e-book, which is understood to be digital material in the curricular field of cultural heritage. This digital material is a didactic proposal that focuses on the construction of knowledge by primary school students. During the elaboration of the materials the instructors introduce follow-up activities. The results of the experiment show that, from an interdisciplinary approach, and a problem-solving, learning-centered methodology, specific and transferable abilities in initial teacher training can be studied and evaluated.
Predictability of the quasi‐biennial oscillation and its northern winter teleconnection on seasonal to decadal timescales
Authors: Scaife Adam A. , Athanassiadou Maria , Andrews Martin , Arribas Alberto , Baldwin Mark , Dunstone Nick , Knight Jeff , MacLachlan Craig , Manzini Elisa , Müller Wolfgang A. , Pohlmann Holger , Smith Doug , Stockdale Tim , Williams Andrew 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe predictability of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is examined in initialized climate forecasts extending out to lead times of years. We use initialized retrospective predictions made with coupled ocean‐atmosphere climate models that have an internally generated QBO. We demonstrate predictability of the QBO extending more than 3 years into the future, well beyond timescales normally associated with internal atmospheric processes. Correlation scores with observational analyses exceed 0.7 at a lead time of 12 months. We also examine the variation of predictability with season and QBO phase and find that skill is lowest in winter. An assessment of perfect predictability suggests that higher skill may be achievable through improved initialization and climate modeling of the QBO, although this may depend on the realism of gravity wave source parameterizations in the models. Finally, we show that skilful prediction of the QBO itself does not guarantee predictability of the extratropical winter teleconnection that is important for surface winter climate prediction.
Laccase and Laccase‐Mediated Systems in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Authors: Mogharabi Mehdi , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLaccase, a blue multicopper oxidase, has recently received considerable attention because of its usefulness in oxidizing phenolic and non‐phenolic compounds, as well as its suitability for organic synthesis, environmental pollutant treatment, and other biotechnological applications. This review covers recent studies on the structural properties, occurrence, reaction mechnisms, redox mediators of laccases and their application in organic synthesis procedures, such as dimerization, polymerization, oxidation, and amination. We also present a brief discussion on laccase activity in non‐aqueous media. Given that the development of green protocols for the synthesis of pure compounds is one of the main goals of sustainable chemistry, the exploitation of laccases is expected to remain one of the most popular directions in future biocatalysis research.magnified image
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Benzofuranones
Authors: Li Yao , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe chiral benzofuranone structural motif is a prominent feature in many natural products, which exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmaceutical activities. In the past few years, a survey of chiral benzofuranone derivatives based on asymmetric catalysis reveals an increasing number of papers, which reflects the latest achievements to facilitate the synthesis of sufficient quantities of related compounds as potential medicinal agents and biological probes. Recent advances in this area are summarized and classified according to the structure of the starting substrate.magnified image
2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐para‐benzoquinone (DDQ)/Methanesulfonic Acid (MsOH)‐Mediated Intramolecular Arene‐Alkene Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Lim Cheol Hee , Lim Jin Woo , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn efficient intramolecular arene‐alkene oxidative coupling of 1,4‐diaryl‐1,3‐butadienes has been developed involving the use of a 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐para‐benzoquinone (DDQ)/acid catalyst. The reaction involves the generation of a radical cation by abstraction of an electron from the substrate with DDQ, an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction, and the loss of hydrogen radical.magnified image
Aerobic expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin efficiently reduces overflow metabolism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Pablos Tania E. , Sigala Juan Carlos , Le Borgne Sylvie , Lara Alvaro R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOverflow metabolism is a prevalent problem for aerobic cultivations of Escherichia coli. Although several process and molecular approaches have been applied to prevent overflow metabolism, these approaches often result in reductions in growth rate, biomass yield or accumulation of other byproducts. In this report, we present an alternative approach based on increasing the efficiency of aerobic metabolism by the expression of the Vitreoscilla stercoraria hemoglobin (VHb) to avoid overflow metabolism. VHb is expected to increase the consumption of NADH in the respiratory chain, leading to increased activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This would result in a faster consumption of acetyl Co‐A and a decrease in acetate production. When this strategy was tested in E. coli strains, acetate production decreased by 50% in MG1655 and more than 90% in W3110, without affecting growth rates or biomass yields. VHb expression in mutant strains with higher TCA activity and reduced acetate formation resulted in a significant increase in growth and glucose consumption rates, whereas acetate production did not increase. The results presented here show that enhancing the efficiency of aerobic metabolism is a valuable approach to avoid overflow metabolism in E. coli and to attain high cell densities in batch mode.
Incident severe thrombocytopenia in veterans treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Hermos John A. , Quach Lien , Gagnon David R. , Weber H. Christian , Altincatal Arman , Cho Kelly , Lawler Elizabeth V. , Grotzinger Kelly M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeWe sought to determine the incidence and risks for severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 50 000/μL) in United States Veteran patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus‐positive (HCV) chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsUsing a retrospective, observational cohort study design to analyze databases from the New England Veterans Healthcare System, we identified 979 patients diagnosed with HCV‐positive CLD treated solely with PEG‐IFN plus ribavirin. The cohort was stratified by pre‐treatment platelet counts of 50 000–100 000/μL (N = 90), >100 000–150 000/μL (N = 162), and >150000μL (N = 727). The cumulative incidence of severe thrombocytopenia and major bleeding events were determined for each baseline platelet group for 48 weeks following treatment initiation. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for incident severe thrombocytopenia.ResultsOverall, severe thrombocytopenia occurred in 6.1% (N = 60), but in 41.1% of patients with pre‐treatment platelet counts 50 000–100 000/μL compared with 11.7% (p < 0.001) and 0.55% (p < 0.001) in the two higher pre‐treatment platelet groups. Most episodes occurred within the first 12 weeks of treatment. Median nadir count for these 60 patients was 35 000/μL (inter‐quartile range 28 000, 44 000). Baseline platelet counts of 50 000–100 000/μL [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 3.81; 95%CI = 2.07–7.00] and hemoglobin <10 g/dL (adjusted HR = 3.39; 95%CI = 1.45–7.960) associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Major bleeding events during the 48‐week observation period were rare (N = 5, 0.51%).ConclusionsThe incidence of severe thrombocytopenia in a large, observational cohort of veteran patients with HCV CLD treated with PEG‐IFN plus ribavirin was 6.1%. Low pre‐treatment platelet counts and hemoglobin levels associated with early, incident severe thrombocytopenia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of transient OFF‐state leakage current in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs induced by ON‐state gate overdrive
Authors: Li Baikui , Jiang Qimeng , Liu Shenghou , Liu Cheng , Chen Kevin J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe degradation of transient OFF‐state leakage current in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs induced by ON‐state gate overdrive was observed and studied. The OFF‐state leakage current increases significantly with a pre‐ ON‐state gate overdrive. It takes more than 30 s for the leakage current decay to its equilibrium level in dark. The decay processes follow a stretched‐exponential law. We propose that this degradation corresponds to the persistent photoconductivity of GaN buffer induced by the electroluminescence during the Schottky gate overdrive. Both the ON‐state gate overdrive bias and duration dependences of the OFF‐states leakage degradation were studied. This work indicates that gate‐protection is necessary to preserve low OFF‐state leakage current and improve device reliability. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of freestanding {20$ \bar 2 $1} GaN substrates by HVPE using SiO2 masked GaN templates
Authors: Yamane Keisuke , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Furuya Hiroshi , Inagaki Takashi , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe fabricated freestanding {20‐21}GaN substrates by a combination of selective area growth on patterned sapphire substrates by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and epitaxial lateral overgrowth by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The surface roughening and crack generation during the HVPE growth were successfully suppressed by the formation of SiO2 striped mask perpendicular to the a‐axis on the MOVPE‐grown {20‐21} GaN template. The HVPE‐grown {20‐21} GaN thick layer was polished by the chemical mechanical polishing and epi‐ready GaN substrates were obtained. Finally, a standard LED structure with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells was fabricated on our {20‐21} GaN substrate by MOVPE. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust decentralized output regulation with single or multiple reference signals for uncertain heterogeneous systems
Authors: Liu Hui , De Persis Claudio , Cao Ming 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe consider the problem in which N coupled heterogeneous uncertain linear systems aim at tracking one or more reference signals generated by given exosystems under the restriction that not all the systems are directly connected to the exosystems. To tackle this problem, the reference signals are reconstructed via local interaction of the systems among themselves and the exosystems in accordance with the given communication graph. Then, decentralized robust controllers using the reconstructed reference signals are designed and shown to result in a closed‐loop system whose outputs track the prescribed reference signals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A game theoretic truthful reputation mechanism in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wei Zhiqiang , Ren Xiangjun , Kang Mijun 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTReputation models in mobile ad hoc networks are confronted with the problem of strategically reporting dishonest recommendations given by a selfish group whose purpose is to maximize its benefit. To solve this problem, a truthful and group strategyproof reputation mechanism based on cooperative game theory is proposed in this paper. We first study two supermodular total compensatory payment functions. On the basis of the selection game, we construct a corresponding indirect revelation mechanism and a direct revelation mechanism called claiming compensation mechanism, which is proved to be group strategyproof. Then we choose the extended Shapley value as the concrete compensatory payment scheme and propose an algorithm to generate possible outcome groups for the claiming compensation mechanism. Simulation results show that when we use the total compensatory payments function, which does not relate to cost values, the proposed mechanism is group strategyproof. Finally, all possible situations for a liar are demonstrated and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reputation‐based cross‐layer intrusion detection system for wormhole attacks in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Karri Ganesh Reddy , Santhi Thilagam P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWireless mesh networks provide long‐distance wireless network connectivity over heterogeneous devices for greater scalability and availability. However, protecting legitimate long‐distance wireless links from wormhole attacks is an important yet challenging security issue in wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we propose a reputation‐based cross‐layer intrusion detection system to effectively detect various wormhole attacks. The proposed system analyses the behaviours of the routing paths in wireless mesh networks to correctly isolate the malicious wormhole paths from legitimate long‐distance wireless links. It uses reputation and cross‐layer parameters for comprehensive ability to isolate the wormhole attacks in routing paths. This isolation ensures full utilisation of legitimate long‐distance wireless links in wireless mesh networks, which is not possible with the existing wormhole attack detection approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed system increases the detection rate, decreases the false alarm rate, and secures legitimate long‐distance wireless links in wireless mesh networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Simplified Analogs of the NaturalPKCLigands, Bryostatin‐1 and Aplysiatoxin
Authors: Irie Kazuhiro , Yanagita Ryo C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) isozymes play central roles in signal transduction on the cell surface and could serve as promising therapeutic targets of intractable diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although naturalPKCligands like phorbol esters, ingenol esters, and teleocidins have the potential to become therapeutic leads, most of them are potent tumor promoters in mouse skin. By contrast, bryostatin‐1 (bryo‐1) isolated from marine bryozoan is a potentPKCactivator with little tumor‐promoting activity. Numerous investigations have suggested bryo‐1 to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the above intractable diseases. However, there is a supply problem of bryo‐1 both from natural sources and by organic synthesis. Recent approaches on the synthesis of bryo‐1 have focused on its simplification, without decreasing the ability to activatePKCisozymes, to develop new medicinal leads. Another approach is to use the skeleton of naturalPKCligands to develop bryo‐1 surrogates. We have recently identified 10‐methyl‐aplog‐1 (26), a simplified analog of tumor‐promoting aplysiatoxin (ATX), as a possible therapeutic lead for cancer. This review summarizes recent investigations on the simplification of naturalPKCligands, bryo‐1 andATX, to develop potential medicinal leads.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions for Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocycles: Selectivity and Diversity
Authors: Qian Deyun , Zhang Junliang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis account describes our recent efforts devoted to gold chemistry since 2009. Based on furyl–Au 1,3‐dipole analogues and related gold carbene intermediates, a rich variety of gold‐catalyzed cascade reactions have been developed, which provide facile access to a diverse range of novel carbo‐ and heterocycles. In these reactions, the selectivity can be well controlled by the catalyst (ligand and metal), substrate or reagent. In addition, we have also developed the corresponding enantioselective variants, which are guided by bis(phosphinegold) complexes derived from axially chiral scaffolds and asymmetric gold/chiral Brønsted acid relay catalysis.
Large aperture N31 neodymium phosphate laser glass for use in a high
power laser facility
Authors: Hu Lili , Chen Shubin , Tang Jingping , Wang Biao , Meng Tao , Chen Wei , Wen Lei , Hu Junjiang , Li Shunguang , Xu Yongchun , Jiang Yasi , Zhang Junzhou , Jiang Zhonghong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLarge aperture Nd:phosphate laser glass is a key optical element for an inertial
confinement fusion (ICF) facility. N31, one type of neodymium doped phosphate
glasses, was developed for high peak power laser facility applications in China. The
composition and main properties of N31 glass are given, together with those of LHG-8,
LG-770, and KGSS-0180 Nd:phosphate laser glasses, from Hoya and Schott, and from
Russia. The technologies of pot melting, continuous melting, and edge cladding of
large size N31 phosphate laser glass are briefly described. The small signal gain
profiles of N31 glass slabs from both pot melting and continuous melting at various
values of the pumping energy of the xenon lamp are presented. N31 glass is
characterized by a stimulated emission cross section of $3.8 \times 10^{{-20}}\ \text {cm}^{{2}}$ at 1053 nm, an absorption coefficient of 0.10–0.15% $\text {cm}^{{-1}}$ at laser wavelength, small residual stress around the interface
between the cladding glass and the laser glass, optical homogeneity of $\sim $2 $\times $ $10^{{-6}}$ in a 400 mm aperture, and laser damage threshold larger
than $42\ \text {J/cm}^{{2}}$ for a 3 ns pulse width at 1064 nm wavelength.
Iron supplementation promotes gut microbiota metabolic activity but not colitis markers in human gut microbiota-associated rats
Authors: Dostal Alexandra , Lacroix Christophe , Pham Van T. , Zimmermann Michael B. , Del'homme Christophe , Bernalier-Donadille Annick , Chassard Christophe 
Published: February 2014

The global prevalence of Fe deficiency is high and a common corrective strategy is oral Fe supplementation, which may affect the commensal gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of different dietary Fe concentrations on the gut microbiota and gut health of rats inoculated with human faecal microbiota. Rats (8 weeks old,n40) were divided into five (n8 each) groups and fed diets differing only in Fe concentration during an Fe-depletion period (12 weeks) and an Fe-repletion period (4 weeks) as follows: (1) Fe-sufficient diet throughout the study period; (2) Fe-sufficient diet followed by 70 mg Fe/kg diet; (3) Fe-depleted diet throughout the study period; (4) Fe-depleted diet followed by 35 mg Fe/kg diet; (5) Fe-depleted diet followed by 70 mg Fe/kg diet. Faecal and caecal samples were analysed for gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR and pyrosequencing) and bacterial metabolites (HPLC), and intestinal tissue samples were investigated histologically. Fe depletion did not significantly alter dominant populations of the gut microbiota and did not induce Fe-deficiency anaemia in the studied rats. Provision of the 35 mg Fe/kg diet after feeding an Fe-deficient diet significantly increased the abundance of dominant bacterial groups such asBacteroidesspp. andClostridiumcluster IV members compared with that of an Fe-deficient diet. Fe supplementation increased gut microbial butyrate concentration 6-fold compared with Fe depletion and did not affect histological colitis scores. The present results suggest that Fe supplementation enhances the concentration of beneficial gut microbiota metabolites and thus may contribute to gut health.