bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peg-bush alignment under elastic vibrations
Authors: Sadauskas Edvardas , Baksys Bronius 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate vibratory peg-bush alignment using elastic vibrations of the peg, when the peg is axially excited by a pressed piezoelectric vibrator on the upper end.

Design/methodology/approach
– Experimental research of part alignment using elastic vibrations was performed and dependencies of alignment duration on excitation signal parameters and initial pressing force were defined for rectangular and circular cross-section parts. Mathematical model of two-mass dynamic systems with elastic contact model representing alignment process was created. Dependencies of system parameters on the alignment duration were obtained by numerically solving systems differential equations.

Findings
– Theoretical and experimental investigation approved the usage of elastic vibrations for alignment of chamferless circular and rectangular cross-section parts. This novel method of part alignment compensates axial misalignment between mating parts by directional displacement of movably based bush.

Research limitations/implications
– Impact and non-impact interaction between bush and peg is possible; however, only non-impact regime was investigated. Static and dynamic coefficients of friction between the parts are equivalent and do not depend on relative velocity of parts.

Practical implications
– The results are useful in designing reliable and effective assembly equipment with vibratory assistance alignment for peg-bush operations, which do not require auxiliary sensors and feedback systems. Use of a piezoelectric resonator for peg excitation makes this system easily adaptable to the existing automated assembly equipment.

Originality/value
– The proposed method is a new approach to vibratory alignment. The data obtained during investigation expand the insight of the physical processes that drive bush to the axial alignment direction.
What future for humans in assembly?
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the predicted expansion of robotic and three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies and its impact on the global assembly and manufacturing workforce.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following an introduction, this paper first considers the anticipated proliferation of industrial robots and then discusses 3D printing. It concludes with a discussion of the impact of these technologies on employment.

Findings
– This paper shows that a major expansion in the use of robotics is imminent and that 3D printing is emerging as a major manufacturing technology. These trends will considerably reduce the size of the assembly and manufacturing workforce.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a timely review of the impact of advanced robotics and 3D printing on employment in assembly and manufacture.
4D Printing: dawn of an emerging technology cycle
Authors: Pei Eujin 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to reviews state-of-the-art developments in four-dimensional (4D) printing, discuss what it is, investigate new applications that have been discovered and suggest its future impact.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article clarifies the definition of 4D printing and describes notable examples covering material science, equipment and applications.

Findings
– This article highlights an emerging technology cycle where 4D printing research has gained traction within additive manufacturing. The use of stimuli-responsive materials can be programmed and printed to enable pre-determined reactions when subject to external stimuli.

Originality/value
– This article reviews state-of-the-art developments in 4D printing, discusses what it is, investigates new applications that have been discovered and suggests its future impact.
Illumination characteristics and image stitching for automatic inspection of bicycle part
Authors: Chang Wen-Yang , Tsai Chih-Ping 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the spectral illumination characteristics and geometric features of bicycle parts and proposes an image stitching method for their automatic visual inspection.

Design/methodology/approach
– The unrealistic color casts of feature inspection is removed using white balance for global adjustment. The scale-invariant feature transforms (SIFT) is used to extract and detect the image features of image stitching. The Hough transform is used to detect the parameters of a circle for roundness of bicycle parts.

Findings
– Results showed that maximum errors of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40° and 50° for the spectral illumination of white light light-emitting diode arrays with differential shift displacements are 4.4, 4.2, 7.8, 6.8, 8.1 and 3.5 per cent, respectively. The deviation error of image stitching for the stem accessory in x and y coordinates are 2 pixels. The SIFT and RANSAC enable to transform the stem image into local feature coordinates that are invariant to the illumination change.

Originality/value
– This study can be applied to many fields of modern industrial manufacturing and provide useful information for automatic inspection and image stitching.
A combined reordering procedure for preconditioned GMRES applied to solving equations using Lagrange multiplier method
Authors: Hu Zixiang , Wang Zhenmin , Zhang Shi , Zhang Yun , Zhou Huamin 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a combined reordering scheme with a wide range of application, called Reversed Cuthill-McKee-approximate minimum degree (RCM-AMD), to improve a preconditioned general minimal residual method for solving equations using Lagrange multiplier method, and facilitates the choice of the reordering for the iterative method.

Design/methodology/approach
– To reordering the coefficient matrix before a preconditioned iterative method will greatly impact its convergence behavior, but the effect is very problem-dependent, even performs very differently when different preconditionings applied for an identical problem or the scale of the problem varies. The proposed reordering scheme is designed based on the features of two popular ordering schemes, RCM and AMD, and benefits from each of them.

Findings
– Via numerical experiments for the cases of various scales and difficulties, the effects of RCM-AMD on the preconditioner and the convergence are investigated and the comparisons of RCM, AMD and RCM-AMD are presented. The results show that the proposed reordering scheme RCM-AMD is appropriate for large-scale and difficult problems and can be used more generally and conveniently. The reason of the reordering effects is further analyzed as well.

Originality/value
– The proposed RCM-AMD reordering scheme preferable for solving equations using Lagrange multiplier method, especially considering that the large-scale and difficult problems are very common in practical application. This combined reordering scheme is more wide-ranging and facilitates the choice of the reordering for the iterative method, and the proposed iterative method has good performance for practical cases in in-house and commercial codes on PC.
The extended unsymmetric frontal solution for multiple-point constraints
Authors: Miguel de Almeida Areias Pedro , Rabczuk Timon , Infante Barbosa Joaquim 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the linear solution of equality constrained problems by using the Frontal solution method without explicit assembling.

Design/methodology/approach
– Re-written frontal solution method with a priori pivot and front sequence. OpenMP parallelization, nearly linear (in elimination and substitution) up to 40 threads. Constraints enforced at the local assembling stage.

Findings
– When compared with both standard sparse solvers and classical frontal implementations, memory requirements and code size are significantly reduced.

Research limitations/implications
– Large, non-linear problems with constraints typically make use of the Newton method with Lagrange multipliers. In the context of the solution of problems with large number of constraints, the matrix transformation methods (MTM) are often more cost-effective. The paper presents a complete solution, with topological ordering, for this problem.

Practical implications
– A complete software package in Fortran 2003 is described. Examples of clique-based problems are shown with large systems solved in core.

Social implications
– More realistic non-linear problems can be solved with this Frontal code at the core of the Newton method.

Originality/value
– Use of topological ordering of constraints. A-priori pivot and front sequences. No need for symbolic assembling. Constraints treated at the core of the Frontal solver. Use of OpenMP in the main Frontal loop, now quantified. Availability of Software.
What determine firms’ capital structure in China?
Authors: Chen Jian , Jiang Chunxia , Lin Yujia 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of capital structure using a cross-section sample of 1,481 non-financial firms listed on the Chinese stock exchanges in 2011.

Design/methodology/approach
– Employing four leverage measures (total leverage and long-term leverage in terms of both book value and market value, respectively) this study examines the effects of factors with proven influences on capital structure in literature, along with industry effect and ownership effect.

Findings
– The authors find that large firms favour debt financing while profitable firms rely more on internal capital accumulation. Intangibility and business risk increase the level of debt financing but tax has little impact on capital structure. The authors also observe strong industrial effect and ownership effect. Real estate firms borrow considerably more and firms from utility and manufacturing industries use more long-term debt despite compared with commercial firms. On the other hand, firms with state ownership tend to borrow more, while firms with foreign ownership choose more equity financing.

Research limitations/implications
– The study uses cross-section data to avoid any potential time effects, which allows the authors to focus on their main research question – to identify the determinants of capital structure for Chinese firms. Future research may gain more insights using panel data and considering other factors such as crisis and financial reforms.

Practical implications
– These results may provide important implications to investors in making investment decision and to firms in making financing decisions.

Originality/value
– This paper uses by far the largest and latest cross-section sample from the Chinese stock markets, offering a more complete picture of the financing behaviours in the Chinese firms, with known characters and the impact of ownerships.
Foreign institutional investor trading in Chinese A-share markets
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper addresses the topic “The interaction between financial institutions and firms in the nonfinancial sectors” in the special issue of “Banking and finance in China.” The purpose of this paper is to examine the trading behavior and price effects of foreign institutions under the celebrated Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) scheme on all non-financial firms in the Chinese A-share markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using quarterly equity-level foreign institution transactions from 2005Q1 to 2011Q4 in the Chinese A-share market, the author finds a positive and significant contemporaneous relationship between foreign flows and equity returns. For each quarter, the author sorts the stocks into ten portfolios based on the percentage of foreign flows, and employs the bivariate vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the contemporaneous association in detail.

Findings
– Foreign institutions in the Chinese A-share markets do not show positive or negative feedback trading; however, their flows have a strong impact on future equity returns because of informational advantage. Additionally, different associations are found between foreign flows and equity returns.

Research limitations/implications
– Constraints on data availability exist, and a quarterly dimension is too coarse to provide a statistically precise result, although certain related papers use quarterly dimension data. Further research is required using higher frequency data.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a first look at foreign institution trading patterns and price effects on local equity returns in the Chinese A-share markets. Additionally, the equity level data allow the author to exclude the stocks that were not bought by foreign institutions and to detect the “pure effect” of foreign flows on equity returns.
Interference effects of aircraft on earth's electromagnetic response at very low frequency and low frequency
Authors: Shan C. , Pedersen L. B. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, very low frequency electromagnetics has been widely and successfully applied in mineral exploration and groundwater exploration. Many radio transmitters with strong signal‐to‐noise ratios are scattered in the very low frequency band and low frequency band. Based on experiences gained from ground measurements with the radio‐magnetotelluric technique operating in the frequency interval 1–250 kHz, broadband magnetometers have been used to cover both very low frequency (3–30 kHz) and low frequency (30–300 kHz) bands to increase the resolution of the near‐surface structure. The metallic aircraft as a conductive body will distort the magnetic signal to some extent, and thus it is important to investigate aircraft interference on the electromagnetic signal. We studied noise caused by rotation of an aircraft and the aircraft itself as a metallic conductive body with three methods: 3D wave polarization, determination of transmitter direction and full tipper estimation. Both very low frequency and low frequency bands were investigated. The results show that the magnetic field is independent of the aircraft at low frequencies in the very low frequency band and part of the low frequency band (below 100 kHz). At high frequencies (above 100 kHz), the signals are more greatly influenced by the aircraft, and the wave polarization directions are more scattered, as observed when the aircraft turned. Some aircraft generated noise mixed with radio transmitter signals, detected as ‘dummy’ signals by the 3D wave polarization method. The estimated scalar magnetic transfer functions are dependent on the aircraft flight directions at high frequencies, because of aircraft interference. The aircraft eigenresponse in the transfer functions (tippers) between vertical and horizontal magnetic field components was compensated for in the real part of the estimated tippers, but some unknown effect was still observed in the imaginary parts.
Biogas production using anaerobic groundwater containing a subterranean microbial community associated with the accretionary prism
Authors: Baito Kyohei , Imai Satomi , Matsushita Makoto , Otani Miku , Sato Yu , Kimura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn a deep aquifer associated with an accretionary prism, significant methane (CH4) is produced by a subterranean microbial community. Here, we developed bioreactors for producing CH4 and hydrogen (H2) using anaerobic groundwater collected from the deep aquifer. To generate CH4, the anaerobic groundwater amended with organic substrates was incubated in the bioreactor. At first, H2 was detected and accumulated in the gas phase of the bioreactor. After the H2 decreased, rapid CH4 production was observed. Phylogenetic analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes revealed that the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium and hydrogenotrophic methanogen were predominant in the reactor. The results suggested that syntrophic biodegradation of organic substrates by the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium and the hydrogenotrophic methanogen contributed to the CH4 production. For H2 production, the anaerobic groundwater, amended with organic substrates and an inhibitor of methanogens (2‐bromoethanesulfonate), was incubated in a bioreactor. After incubation for 24 h, H2 was detected from the gas phase of the bioreactor and accumulated. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested the dominance of the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium in the reactor. Our study demonstrated a simple and rapid CH4 and H2 production utilizing anaerobic groundwater containing an active subterranean microbial community.
Is diabetes an independent risk factor for in‐hospital complications after a stroke?
Authors: Cruz‐Herranz Andrés , Fuentes Blanca , Martínez‐Sánchez Patricia , Ruiz‐Ares Gerardo , Lara‐Lara Manuel , Sanz‐Cuesta Borja , Díez‐Tejedor Exuperio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to develop in‐hospital complications (IHCs) than patients without DM. In addition, they have poorer outcomes after an ischemic stroke (IS). Our goal was to evaluate whether the increase in risk for the development of IHCs in patients with IS is due to DM per se, to poor metabolic control of the DM or to glucose levels on admission.MethodsAn observational study that included 1137 consecutive IS patients admitted to a stroke unit. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, stroke severity, on‐admission glycemia and IHC were compared between patients with and without DM. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with IHCs.ResultsOf all included patients, 283 (24.8%) had a previous diagnosis of DM. These patients were older and had higher comorbidity, with no differences in stroke severity. They presented on‐admission glycemia ≥155 mg/dL more often and suffered IHCs more frequently (24% versus 17.7%, P = 0.034). However, after adjusting for baseline differences, DM was not associated with the development of any IHC, whereas on‐admission glycemia ≥155 mg/dL (odds ratio: 1.959; 95% CI 1.276–3.009; P = 0.002) and stroke severity (odds ratio: 1.141; 95% CI 1.109–1.173; P < 0.001) were the primary predictors of the development of IHCs.ConclusionsAlthough IS patients with DM more often suffered IHCs, previous diagnosis of DM is not per se associated with the risk of IHCs. Stroke severity and on‐admission glycemia ≥155 mg/dL were the most significant predictors for the development of IHCs.
Decision making in prenatal screening: money matters
Authors: Verweij E. Joanne , Veersema Diederik , Pajkrt Eva , Haak Monique C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of withdrawal of reimbursement on the uptake of the first‐trimester combined test. Until January 2007 the combined test was offered to all pregnant women in a designated geographical area as a pilot study before the introduction of the national screening program in the Netherlands, to test the logistic procedures. In January 2007 the insurance companies suddenly stopped paying for the combined test with respect to women aged ≤35 years by decision of the government. In 2006 the combined test was performed in 4616 women compared with 3459 who had the combined test in 2007, a reduction of 25% (95% CI 23.8–26.3%, p < 0.001). A decline was observed in the uptake of the combined test in women aged ≤35 years (p < 0.001) as opposed to an increase in uptake in women aged ≥36 years (p < 0.001). The financial impact on the uptake of the first‐trimester combined test should not be underestimated.
7 Population Dynamics and Its Relation to Ancient Landscapes in the Northwestern Maya Lowlands: Evaluating Resilience and Vulnerability
Authors: Liendo Rodrigo , Solleiro‐Rebolledo Elizabeth , Solis‐Castillo Berenice , Sedov Sergei , Ortiz‐Pérez Arturo 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article we present for discussion certain aspects of settlement and paleo‐environmental data obtained over the last few years for the northwestern Maya lowlands. Accordingly, our goal is to identify a point of departure for future research by presenting a list of possible “environmental attractors” that might later be used for a better understanding of the seemingly divergent trajectories shown by ancient communities located in different physical settings—particularly in the Sierras region and the Usumacinta plains, Mexico. Our study is based on the paleo‐pedological record of the region. Paleosols are good paleo‐environmental proxies and, with the climate information, they are indicators of past human activities and land use. In the Maya lowlands, they have been used extensively to register changes in environmental conditions and human impact on the soil cover. Nevertheless, this study represents the first attempt in that same direction in the northwestern Maya lowlands.
Rotation‐based multiple testing in the multivariate linear model
Authors: Solari Aldo , Finos Livio , Goeman Jelle J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn observational microarray studies, issues of confounding invariably arise. One approach to account for measured confounders is to include them as covariates in a multivariate linear model. For this model, however, the application of permutation‐based multiple testing procedures is problematic because exchangeability of responses, in general, does not hold. Nevertheless, it is possible to achieve rotatability of transformed responses at the cost of a distributional assumption. We argue that rotation‐based multiple testing, by allowing for adjustments for confounding, represents an important extension of permutation‐based multiple testing procedures. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a microarray observational study on breast cancer tumors. Software to perform the procedure described in this article is available in the flip R package.
Processing Scalar Implicature: A Constraint‐Based Approach
Authors: Degen Judith , Tanenhaus Michael K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree experiments investigated the processing of the implicature associated withsomeusing a “gumball paradigm.” On each trial, participants saw an image of a gumball machine with an upper chamber with 13 gumballs and an empty lower chamber. Gumballs then dropped to the lower chamber and participants evaluated statements, such as “You got some of the gumballs.” Experiment 1 established thatsomeis less natural for reference to small sets (1, 2, and 3 of the 13 gumballs) and unpartitioned sets (all 13 gumballs) compared to intermediate sets (6–8). Partitivesome ofwas less natural than simplesomewhen used with the unpartitioned set. In Experiment 2, including exact number descriptions lowered naturalness ratings forsomewith small sets but not for intermediate size sets and the unpartitioned set. In Experiment 3, the naturalness ratings from Experiment 2 predicted response times. The results are interpreted as evidence for a Constraint‐Based account of scalar implicature processing and against both two‐stage, Literal‐First models and pragmatic Default models.