bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Dispersible BODIPY Multifunctionalized Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Glutathione Sensing
Authors: Bagherpour Saman , Vázquez Patricia , Redondo‐Horcajo Mariano , Suárez Teresa , Plaza José Antonio , Pérez‐García Lluïsa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlutathione (GSH), a thiol containing small peptide, plays pivotal roles in maintaining cellular redox balance, metabolism, detoxification, and scavenging of free radicals. Aberrant GSH levels in cells and tissues are associated with various disorders, underscoring the importance of accurate GSH detection for clinical diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Several molecular probes have been designed as fluorescent‐based GSH sensors. However, their water insolubility and the need of using organic cosolvents hinder their applicability on biological samples. Alternatively, nanomaterials have proven to be highly promising for boosting the precision of treatments and enhancing the accuracy of diagnosing diseases, thanks to their compatibility with biological environments and improved cell uptake. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based probe (PB) are reported, incorporating a fluorescent BODIPY core, chlorine substituents for reaction with GSH, and a linking moiety for conjugation to the surface of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SONPs). Functionalized SONPs with PB are also characterized at the nanoscale using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies, confirming the surface functionalization and water‐dispersibility of functionalized SONPs with PB. GSH sensing is evaluated in aqueous solution, conjugated to SONPs, and in living cells, showing promising potential for ratiometric GSH detection.
Investigating the method of selection of background pixel values for the calibration of EBT‐XD film dosimetry
Authors: Raj Sathiya , Shree Nithya , Kadirampatti Ganesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates three different calibration methods for the selection of background pixel intensity.MethodsFilm‐by‐Film (FBF) Method: Each film serves as its own control. Batch‐by‐Film (BBF) Method: A single film is used as a control for all calibration films. Generic (GEN) Method: A generic value (65535) is used as the background pixel value for all calibration films.Three calibration curves were established for the red, green, blue, and RGB channels, and the Radbard NIH (image) curve‐fitting model was used to predict the dose. Sensitivity at different dose levels was quantified by calculating the first derivative of each color channel.ResultsThe GEN method exhibited a difference of up to 6% between the predicted and delivered doses below 2 Gy. The changes in optical density when using the GEN method differed significantly (p<0.0001) from those of the FBF and BBF methods. In the dose range 5–30 Gy, the percentage difference between the predicted and delivered doses for the FBF, BBF, and GEN methods was within 2%. Both the red and green channels demonstrated higher sensitivity than the blue channel over the dose range of 2–30 Gy.ConclusionsThe FBF method is more accurate than the BBF and GEN methods because it accounts for inter‐film variations. The Radbard NIH (image) curve‐fitting function proved suitable for predicting the dose for all the three calibration methods.
Novel method for monitoring of carcinogenic impurity of N‐nitrosamine in nizatidine pharmaceutical products using ultra high‐pressure liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Dhorajiya Shivani , Goswami Janki , Dudhatra Bhumika , Thummar Kashyap 
Published: August 2024

Nitrosamine compounds pose a significant concern as potential carcinogens, prompting heightened scrutiny from regulatory bodies, particularly regarding their presence in pharmaceuticals. The detection of unacceptable levels of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDMA) in ranitidine has led to widespread recalls, driving interest in alternative medications such as nizatidine, which shares a similar pharmacological class and is used to treat various gastrointestinal conditions. Despite fewer reports on NDMA levels in nizatidine, its structural similarity to ranitidine, characterized by a tertiary amine, underscores the potential for NDMA formation. Addressing the analytical challenges associated with nitrosamine detection, this study focuses on developing and validating an ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for quantifying NDMA in both nizatidine active pharmaceutical ingredients and tablet formulations. Method validation adheres to International Council for Harmonisation recommendations, with a demonstrated linear range of 0.25–100 ng/mL for NDMA, exhibiting excellent linearity (regression coefficient >0.999) and efficient recovery rates ranging from 95.98% to 109.57%. The method shows high sensitivity, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.25 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The developed UHPLC–MS/MS method offers a simple, precise, accurate, and selective approach for monitoring NDMA levels in nizatidine formulations available in Australia, promising enhanced sensitivity and specificity with limits of quantification in the ppb and sub‐ppb ranges.
Characterizing ℒ1$$ {\mathcal{L}}_1 $$ output‐feedback controller for nonlinear systems: Existence conditions via output controlled invariance domain
Authors: Choi Hyung Tae , Kim Jung Hoon , Hagiwara Tomomichi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMotivated by existing works on the state‐feedback controller for nonlinear systems, in which the norm of the output for the worst disturbance with a unit magnitude is required to be bounded by 1, this paper considers an extension of those works to an output‐feedback form. More precisely, the existence of an output‐feedback controller for nonlinear systems is characterized by developing output regulation map and output controlled invariance domain, which are extended versions of the conventional regulation map and controlled invariance domain in the previous works. We first lead to a sufficient condition for the existence of an output‐feedback controller by ensuring the lower‐semicontinuity of the corresponding output regulation map. It is also shown in this paper that there exists an output‐feedback controller only if there exists an output controlled invariance domain. Based on these conditions, we further introduce algorithmic guidelines for verifying the existence of output‐feedback controller. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the validity of the overall arguments developed in this paper.
Dynamic event‐triggered asynchronous output feedback control for discrete‐time switched systems with deception attacks
Authors: Zhao Dongke , Zhang Huiyan , Li Liya , Zhao Ning 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of dynamic event‐triggered asynchronous output feedback controller design for discrete‐time switched systems under deception attacks. To conserve communication resources and restrict asynchronous time, a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is established which permits the system to switch many times in the trigger interval. Then, stability criteria for the underlying system despite the impact of deception attacks are obtained via the Lyapunov function and average dwell time method. Meanwhile, a co‐design scheme for dynamic output feedback gains and dynamic event‐triggered parameters are provided. Finally, two simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Right but wrong: How students' mechanistic reasoning and conceptual understandings shift when designing agent‐based models using data
Authors: Fuhrmann Tamar , Rosenbaum Leah , Wagh Aditi , Eloy Adelmo , Wolf Jacob , Blikstein Paulo , Wilkerson Michelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen learning about scientific phenomena, students are expected to mechanistically explain how underlying interactions produce the observable phenomenon and conceptually connect the observed phenomenon to canonical scientific knowledge. This paper investigates how the integration of the complementary processes of designing and refining computational models using real‐world data can support students in developing mechanistic and canonically accurate explanations of diffusion. Specifically, we examine two types of shifts in how students explain diffusion as they create and refine computational models using real‐world data: a shift towards mechanistic reasoning and a shift from noncanonical to canonical explanations. We present descriptive statistics for the whole class as well as three student work examples to illustrate these two shifts as 6th grade students engage in an 8‐day unit on the diffusion of ink in hot and cold water. Our findings show that (1) students develop mechanistic explanations as they build agent‐based models, (2) students' mechanistic reasoning can co‐exist with noncanonical explanations, and (3) students shift their thinking toward canonical explanations after comparing their models against data. These findings could inform the design of modeling tools that support learners in both expressing a diverse range of mechanistic explanations of scientific phenomena and aligning those explanations with canonical science.
Mitigating Zn Dendrite Growth and Enhancing the Utilization of Zn Electrode in Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Mingshan , Chu Yuanwei , Li Xinpeng , Li Jingcheng , Chen Junchen , Ma Zhiyuan , Guo Bingshu , Yu Bo , Pan Yong , Huang Yun , Cao Guozhong , Li Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn spite of extensive research and appreciable progress, in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, Zn metal anode is struggling with low Zn utility and poor cycling stability. In this study, a 3D “electrochemical welding” composite electrode is designed by introduction of ZnO/C nanofibers film to copper foils as an anode according to pre‐electrodeposition active Zn (Zn@ZnO/C‐Cu). The flow of Zn2+ through carbon fiber layer is regulated by zincophilic ZnO, promoting homogeneous diffusion of Zn2+ to Cu foil. In subsequent Zn deposition/stripping processes, the hydrophobicity of ZnO/C fiber layer reduces water at the interface of Zn@ZnO/C‐Cu and results in uniform electric field significant suppressing growth of Zn dendritic and side reactions. Thus, pre‐electrodeposition active Zn electrochemical welds ZnO/C nanofibers and Cu foil collectively provide stable charge/electron transfer and stripping/plating of Zn with low polarization and excellent cycling performance. The assembled symmetrical batteries exhibit stable cycling performance for over 470 h under 20% utilization of Zn at 5 mA cm−2, and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P = 1) after 1000 cycles in the Zn@ZnO/C‐Cu||Na2V6O16·1.5H2O full cell.
Multiscale Tunable Nanorings Based on Bi‐Component Micellar‐Configuration‐Transformation Induced by Hydrophobicity
Authors: Hou Lu , Li Wen‐Cui , Wang Sijia , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRingy nanostructures are amazing materials, displaying unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties highly related to their dimensions. A strategy capable of continuously tailoring the diameter of nanorings is the key to elucidating their structure‐function relationship. Herein, a method of bi‐component micellar‐configuration‐transformation induced by hydrophobicity for the synthesis of nanorings with diameters ranging from submicron (≈143 nm) to micron (≈4.8 µm) and their carbonaceous analogs is established. Remarkably, the nanorings fabricated with this liquid phase strategy achieve the record for the largest diameter span. Through varying the molecular lengths of fatty alcohols and copolymers, shortening the molecular length of fatty alcohol can swell the primary micelles, improve the exposure of hydrophobic component and boost the assembly kinetics for ultra‐large nanorings is shown here. On the other hand, shortening the molecular length of the copolymer will give rise to ultra‐small nanorings by reducing the size of primary micelles and shortening the assembly time. When assembling the nanorings into monolayer arrays and then depositing Au, such substrate displays enhanced surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. This research develops a facile method for the controllable synthesis of ringy materials with multiscale tunable diameters and may inspire more interesting applications in physics, optical, and sensors.
Stahl‐Holz‐Verbundträger – erste Bemessungsansätze
Authors: Odenbreit Christoph , Romero Alfredo , Ahmad Adil , Bogdan Teodora 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeit der Vorstellung des Green Deal und der EU‐Taxonomieverordnung ist der Druck im Bauwesen gestiegen, Tragwerke auch mit dem Blick auf mehr Nachhaltigkeit zu entwerfen. Verbundträger in der Stahl‐Holz‐Bauweise können dazu beitragen. Allerdings bestehen belastbare Berechnungsregeln für Stahl‐Holz‐Verbundträger noch nicht. Die Working Group 6 des TC11 in der European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS) beschäftigt sich mit hybriden Stahl‐Holz‐Tragwerken und in diesem Aufsatz werden erste Ideen für Berechnungsansätze für Stahl‐Holz‐Verbundträger vorgestellt. Dabei wird auf die Probleme eingegangen, dass – im Gegensatz zu Beton – der Werkstoff Holz auch eine nennenswerte Zugfestigkeit aufweist und die unterschiedlichsten Verdübelungsarten von Stahl mit Holz auch unterschiedlichste Last‐Schlupfkurven aufweisen können. Letztlich wird ein erster Vergleich des vorgestellten Berechnungsverfahrens mit einem Großversuch präsentiert.
Probing Higgs-muon interactions at a multi-TeV muon collider
Authors: Celada Eugenia , Han Tao , Kilian Wolfgang , Kreher Nils , Ma Yang , Maltoni Fabio , Pagani Davide , Reuter Jürgen , Striegl Tobias , Xie Keping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the capabilities of a muon collider, at 3 and 10 TeV center-of-mass energy, of probing the interactions of the Higgs boson with the muon. We consider all the possible processes involving the direct production of EW bosons (W, Z and H) with up to five particles in the final state. We study these processes both in the HEFT and SMEFT frameworks, assuming that the dominant BSM effects originate from the muon Yukawa sector. Our study shows that a Muon Collider has sensitivity beyond the high-luminosity LHC, especially as it does not rely on the Higgs-decay branching fraction to muons. A 10 TeV muon collider provides a unique sensitivity on muon and (multi-) Higgs interactions, significantly better than the 3 TeV option. Particularly, we find searches based purely on multi-Higgs production to be particularly effective in probing these couplings.
Cosmic birefringence from CP-violating axion interactions
Authors: Luo Xuheng , Mathur Anubhav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore the cosmic birefringence signal produced by an ultralight axion field with a small CP-violating coupling to bulk SM matter in addition to the usual CP-preserving photon coupling. The change in the vacuum expectation value of the field between recombination and today results in a frequency-independent rotation of the plane of CMB linear polarization across the entire sky. While many previous approaches rely on the axion rolling from a large initial expectation value, the couplings considered in this work robustly generate the birefringence signal regardless of initial conditions, by sourcing the field from the cosmological nucleon density. We place bounds on such monopole-dipole interactions using measurements of the birefringence angle from Planck and WMAP data, which improve upon existing constraints by up to three orders of magnitude. We also discuss UV completions of this model, and possible strategies to avoid fine-tuning the axion mass.
Tri-boson and WH production in the W+W+jj channel: predictions at full NLO accuracy and beyond
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Pellen Mathieu , Schönherr Marek , Schumann Steffen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present the first full NLO predictions for the process pp → μ+νμe+νejj at the LHC in a typical tri-boson phase space. The NLO corrections reach 50% at the level of the fiducial cross section and have a very different hierarchy with respect to vector-boson-scattering phase spaces. By comparing the cross section of the full off-shell process with the sum of contributing on-shell electroweak-boson production subchannels, we find that the process is dominated by WWW and WH production, while vector-boson-scattering topologies still play a non-negligible role. In addition, NLO QCD predictions matched to parton shower which are supplemented by approximate electroweak corrections are provided. For the fiducial cross section, the electroweak corrections turn out to be small but the QCD corrections reach 47%. For the inclusive cross section, matching to parton shower affects the predictions by 7%. However, for differential distributions corrections due to the parton shower can be much more sizeable, depending on the region of phase space.
The Egyptian Nile estuarine habitats: a review
Authors: Abdelsalam Khaled M. , Tadros Hermine R. Z. , Moneer Abeer A. , Khalil Mona Kh. , Hamdona Samia K. , Shakweer Laila , Moawad Madelyn N. , El-Sayed Abeer A. M. , El-Said Ghada F. , Ismail Mona M. , Shobier Aida H. , Hosny Shimaa , Dabbous Amna S. , Alzeny Ahmed M. , Khedawy Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstuaries are nutrient-rich environments characterized by a gradient in salinity due to the mixing of freshwater and seawater. These bodies of water play vital functions in nature and provide a wide variety of essential ecosystem services. In general, many natural and/or man-made activities have strongly stressed the Egyptian Nile estuarine habitats, as has the water shortage that was expected after the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. In recent decades, the Nile Delta has been considered to be one of the most important productive oil-producing petroleum regions due to onshore and offshore gas discoveries alongside gasoline and base oil generation. Up-to-date systematic reviews of the Egyptian estuarine habitats (Rosetta and Damietta) are missing, and the review reported here was undertaken to fill this gap. In this review, we consider the physical, chemical, geological, pollution, and biological parameters of Egyptian Nile estuaries. In this context, our aim is to contribute to a broader understanding of the Egyptian estuarine habitat; moreover, we provide potential warning signals that may aid in estuarine environmental protection. We found that most of the previous studies had focused on the two branches of the Nile or on the marine waters adjacent to these branches, and that only a few studies focused on the estuarine habitats themselves. In most of these previous studies, the salinity gradient of water was reported to be a significant factor in the distribution of the different measured parameters while, in contrast, more recent investigations confirm the importance of potential effluent sources in affecting the distribution of these parameters. We highly recommend that the data reported here be updated in future studies on different environmental aspects.
Gap bridging in laser welding of EN AW 5083 with different joint configurations via beam oscillation and filler wire
Authors: Yetil Kenan Kaan , Colombo Daniele , Ayan Yusuf , Demir Ali Gökhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe extended use of laser welding in the industry requires a less sensitive process in terms of geometrical tolerances of the joint edges. As the industrial availability of laser systems increases, the demand to use laser welding technology possibly with parts coming from less precise production steps is increasing. Gap formation is often caused by the edge quality of the parts coming from previous manufacturing steps such as sheet forming. Al alloy sheets deformed to box-shaped 3D forms often require welded joints on the edges in lap, but, and corner joint configurations. These joints are hard to carry out by laser welding due to the large gap formation caused by the tolerances of the deformation processes involved. Laser welding of Al alloys is already challenging in the absence of gap formation, while these joint configurations have been not feasible with a stationary beam due to incomplete fusion and defect formation. Laser welding with beam oscillation and wire feeding can improve the weldability of these joints. The oscillating motion of the high-intensity beam can achieve a deep weld together with a wider seam. Combined with wire feeding, the process can close gaps in the butt, lap, and corner joint configurations. On the other hand, the added oscillation and wire-related parameters require extending the experimental space, which requires a methodological study to identify feasible conditions. Accordingly, this work proposes a methodological approach to identify and set laser welding process parameters with beam oscillation and wire feeding for an EN AW 5083. Process parameters were initially studied using a simple analytical model that depicts the beam trajectory. Bead-on-plate tests were conducted to assess beam size, power, and weld speed ranges. Lap, butt, and corner joint conditions with a 0.5-mm gap were welded with high quality by manipulating the laser power, oscillation amplitude, and wire feed rate. The results show that welding speeds could be maintained as high as 55 mm/s with complete filling of gaps of up to 0.5 mm, eliminating the surface undercuts and achieving weld widths in the order of 2.5 mm. Moreover the results show the possibility control the depth of the welds from 3 mm to full-penetration conditions.
Toxicokinetics of 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) and its seven metabolites in humans after controlled single dermal exposure to EHS
Authors: Kuhlmann Laura , Göen Thomas , Hiller Julia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chemical UV filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) is used in various personal-care products. The dermal and oral metabolism of EHS have already been targeted by different studies. However, toxicokinetic data after a single dermal exposure to EHS was missing. In our study, three volunteers were dermally exposed to a commercial EHS-containing sunscreen for 9 h with an application dose of 2 mg sunscreen per cm2 body surface area. The exposure was performed indoors, and sunscreen was applied on about 75% of the total skin area. Complete urine voids were collected over 72 h and eight blood samples were drawn from each subject. Urine samples were analyzed for EHS and seven known metabolites (5OH-EHS, 4OH-EHS, 2OH-EHS, 6OH-EHS, 4oxo-EHS, 5oxo-EHS, and 5cx-EPS) by online-SPE UPLC MS/MS. The peaks of urinary elimination occurred 10–11 h after application. The elimination half-lives (Phase 1) were between 6.6 and 9.7 h. The dominant urinary biomarkers were EHS itself, followed by 5OH-EHS, 5cx-EPS, 5oxo-EHS, and 4OH-EHS. 2OH-EHS, 6OH-EHS, and 4oxo-EHS were detected only in minor amounts. An enhanced analysis of conjugation species revealed marginal amounts of unconjugated metabolites and up to 40% share of sulfate conjugates for 5OH-EHS, 5oxo-EHS, and 5cx-EPS. The results demonstrated a delayed systemic resorption of EHS via the dermal route. Despite an extensive metabolism, the parent compound occurred as main urinary parameter. The delayed dermal resorption as well as the slow elimination of EHS indicate an accumulation up to toxicological relevant doses during daily repeated dermal application to large skin areas.