bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of routine thoracoabdominal CT scans in the polytrauma patient to estimate obesity
Authors: Ferguson David F. , Busenlehner Bryce J. , Rahm Mark D. , Mehta Sachin M. , Song Juhee , Davis Matthew L. , Sampson H. Wayne , Chaput Christopher D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:To utilize data from routine CT scans to quantify obesity in polytrauma patients without the need to obtain a height and weight.Design and Methods:We utilized a comprehensive database including multidetector CT thoracoabdominal images of all polytrauma patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center. One thousand one hundred seventy‐four patients were reviewed from 2006 to 2008 and of these, 162 had previous documentation of Body Mass Index (BMI) or height and weight measurements as an outpatient within 6 months of trauma activation and with a truncal girth smaller than the scanning area of the CT machine. Truncal Adiposity Volume (TAV) was calculated from three dimensional reconstructions (3DRs) of the CT scans of the thorax and abdomen obtained in the emergency department.Results:Statistical analysis yielded a fairly good correlation between TAV and BMI (correlation coefficient = 0.77; p‐value < 0.0001). The intra‐observer and inter‐observer correlations in measuring TAV were high; 0.99 and 0.98 respectively. A linear regression equation of BMI on TAV was estimated and it had a form: 3DR BMI = 20.81+0.00064×TAV. In conclusion, TAV provides a reproducible means of evaluating obesity in trauma patients from routinely obtained CT scans.Conclusions:The TAV eliminates the often problematic task of obtaining a height and weight in a trauma patient and it correlates fairly well with the most commonly used clinical method of quantifying patient adiposity, BMI. This method may provide a more direct measurement of adiposity than does BMI, and holds promise for improving trauma care and research in the obese patient.
Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with coumarin‐containing copolymer for photo‐modulated loading and releasing guest molecule
Authors: Yang Jing , He Wei‐Dong , He Chen , Tao Jing , Chen Sheng‐Qi , Niu Shao‐Min , Zhu Shao‐Lin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) grafted with a photo‐responsive copolymer containing coumarin groups were successfully prepared. With uniform polystyrene nanoparticles and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide correspondingly as the template of core and channel, HMSNs were made from tetraethyloxysilane in alkalic condition. Epoxy groups were introduced onto the outer surface of HMSNs with γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane and converted into azido groups with sodium azide, resulting in azido‐functionalized HMSNs (azido‐HMSNs). Meanwhile, single‐electron transfer‐living radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 7‐(2‐methacryloyloxy)‐4‐methylcoumarin (CMA) with propargyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as the initiator produced alkynyl‐capped P(MMA‐co‐CMA) [alkynyl‐P(MMA‐co‐CMA)]. Finally, photo‐responsive HMSNs grafted with P(MMA‐co‐CMA) [HMSN‐g‐P(MMA‐co‐CMA)] was achieved through the click reaction between azido‐HMSNs and alkynyl‐P(MMA‐co‐CMA). Different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the successful preparation of the resultant hybrid nanoparticles and their intermediates. Because of its hollow core, mesoporous shell channels and light responsiveness, the coumarin‐modified HMSNs would be an interesting nano‐vehicle for guest molecules. Thus, the loading and release of pyrene with HMSN‐g‐P(MMA‐co‐CMA) was studied. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3791–3799
A New General Correlation for Predicting Impact Sensitivity of Energetic Compounds
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an improved simple model for prediction of impact sensitivity of different classes of energetic compounds containing nitropyridines, nitroimidazoles, nitropyrazoles, nitrofurazanes, nitrotriazoles, nitropyrimidines, polynitroarenes, benzofuroxans, polynitroarenes with α‐CH, nitramines, nitroaliphatics, nitroaliphatic containing other functional groups, and nitrate energetic compounds. The model is based on some molecular structural parameters. It is applied for 90 explosives, which have different molecular structures. The predicted results are compared with outputs of complex neural network approach as one of the best available methods. Root mean squares (rms) of deviations of different energetic compounds are 24 and 49 cm, corresponding to 5.88 and 12.01 J with 2.5 kg dropping mass, for new and neural network methods, respectively. The novel model also predicts good results for eight new synthesized and miscellaneous explosives with respect to experimental data.
Determination of exposure levels of honey bees foraging on flowers of mature citrus trees previously treated with imidacloprid
Authors: Byrne Frank J , Visscher P Kirk , Leimkuehler Bill , Fischer Dave , Grafton‐Cardwell Elizabeth E , Morse Joseph G 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDField and tunnel cage studies were undertaken to determine the extent to which honey bees foraging on citrus blossoms were exposed to imidacloprid and its metabolites when citrus trees were treated with soil applications of the insecticide. Residues were measured by LC/MS/MS in nectar and pollen samples from trees treated up to 232 days prior to bloom.RESULTSImidacloprid, imidacloprid olefin and 5‐hydroxy imidacloprid were detected in nectar and pollen sampled from the flowers of citrus trees treated with imidacloprid up to 232 days prior to bloom. In tunnel studies, where foraging was restricted exclusively to citrus, imidacloprid residues in nectar extracted from flowers and from bee crops were similar (<10 ng mL−1) and below the established no‐observed‐effects limit; however, the residue levels were about threefold higher in nectar sampled from comb. Concentrations of imidacloprid in nectar were higher in trees treated with higher application rates.CONCLUSIONSImidacloprid and its metabolites were detected in the nectar and pollen of citrus trees treated up to 232 days prior to the onset of bloom. However, based on published bioassay data, the imidacloprid concentrations in the floral nectar did not surpass levels that would compromise foraging activity under normal use conditions for imidacloprid. Further research is needed to assess the impact of elevated levels of imidacloprid within stored nectar in the comb. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrogen Softening in the Thin Plate of Microcrystalline 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Kim Yunsung , Shin Dongjun , Kim Youngsuk , Kim Dae Whan , Kim Sungsoo , Nam Wonjong , Kim Yong‐Suk , Máthis Kristián , Choe Heeman 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe thin‐plate specimen of 316L austenite stainless steel was charged with hydrogen using a cathodic charging technique. Despite the short diffusion distance of hydrogen predicted by the diffusion‐controlled model for a semi‐infinite sheet, the Vickers hardness measurements revealed the full effect of hydrogen in the center of the cross‐sections of thin‐plate specimens as well as in the vicinity of the outer surfaces, which appears to be due to the short‐circuit diffusion mechanism along the grain boundaries. The room‐temperature tensile properties of both undeformed and deformed (20, 40%) samples were examined and compared. Hydrogen softening was apparent in both types of samples. For example, the 40% deformed sample showed an approximately 17 and 7% lower yield and tensile strength, respectively, after H charging at a strain rate of 2 × 10−4 s−1 with a concomitant decrease in ductility compared to that without H.
Molecular mapping of QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 1) and Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Sabbavarapu Murali Mohan , Sharma Mamta , Chamarthi Siva Kumar , Swapna Nayakoti , Rathore Abhishek , Thudi Mahendar , Gaur Pooran Mal , Pande Suresh , Singh Sarvjeet , Kaur Livinder , Varshney Rajeev Kumar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFusarium wilt (FW) and Ascochyta blight (AB) are two important diseases of chickpea which cause 100 % yield losses under favorable conditions. With an objective to validate and/or to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to race 1 of FW caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and AB caused by Ascochyta rabiei in chickpea, two new mapping populations (F2:3) namely ‘C 214’ (FW susceptible) × ‘WR 315’ (FW resistant) and ‘C 214’ (AB susceptible) × ‘ILC 3279’ (AB resistant) were developed. After screening 371 SSR markers on parental lines and genotyping the mapping populations with polymorphic markers, two new genetic maps comprising 57 (C 214 × WR 315) and 58 (C 214 × ILC 3279) loci were developed. Analysis of genotyping data together with phenotyping data collected on mapping population for resistance to FW in field conditions identified two novel QTLs which explained 10.4–18.8 % of phenotypic variation. Similarly, analysis of phenotyping data for resistance to seedling resistance and adult plant resistance for AB under controlled and field conditions together with genotyping data identified a total of 6 QTLs explaining up to 31.9 % of phenotypic variation. One major QTL, explaining 31.9 % phenotypic variation for AB resistance was identified in both field and controlled conditions and was also reported from different resistant lines in many earlier studies. This major QTL for AB resistance and two novel QTLs identified for FW resistance are the most promising QTLs for molecular breeding separately or pyramiding for resistance to FW and AB for chickpea improvement.
Use of Genetic Tests among Neurologists and Psychiatrists: Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Needs for Training
Authors: Salm Melissa , Abbate Kristopher , Appelbaum Paul , Ottman Ruth , Chung Wendy , Marder Karen , Leu Cheng‐Shiun , Alcalay Roy , Goldman Jill , Curtis Alexander Malik , Leech Christopher , Taber Katherine Johansen , Klitzman Robert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study explores neurologists’ and psychiatrists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning genetic tests. Psychiatrists (n = 5,316) and neurologists (n = 2,167) on the American Medical Association master list who had agreed to receive surveys were sent an email link to a survey about their attitudes and practices regarding genetic testing; 372 psychiatrists and 163 neurologists responded. A higher proportion of neurologists (74 %) than psychiatrists (14 %) who responded to the survey had ordered genetic testing in the past 6 months. Overall, most respondents thought that genetic tests should be performed more frequently, but almost half believed genetic tests could harm patients psychologically and considered legal protections inadequate. Almost half of neurologists (49 %) and over 75 % of psychiatrists did not have a genetics professional to whom to refer patients; those who had ordered genetic tests were more likely than those who did not do so to have access to a genetic counselor. Of respondents, 10 % had received patient requests not to document genetic information and 15 % had received inquiries about direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing. Neurologists reported themselves to be relatively more experienced and knowledgeable about genetics than psychiatrists. These data, the first to examine several important issues concerning knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of neurologists and psychiatrists regarding genetic tests, have important implications for future practice, research, and education.
Drug trajectories among youth undergoing treatment: The influence of psychological problems and delinquency
Authors: Brunelle Natacha , Bertrand Karine , Beaudoin Isabelle , Ledoux Cinthia , Gendron Annie , Arseneault Catherine 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious research has documented associations of addiction with delinquency and psychological problems. However, few studies have evaluated their influence on adolescent's drug use trajectories. The current study aims to examine the influence of these factors on the recovery trajectories of 199 youths aged 15.6 years on average admitted to inpatient and outpatient addiction treatment centers, followed up three and six months later. Results indicate that youth who show higher severity of drug abuse exhibit greater improvement than youth with a lower severity of drug abuse at the onset of treatment. Although psychological problems were associated with baseline drug use, they did not influence drug use trajectory over time. Only delinquency influenced the recovery trajectories of these youth. Results suggest that a high level of delinquency can have a significant effect on the drug recovery process of adolescents and that interventions should attempt to reduce both drug use and delinquency.
Family members' caregiving situations in palliative home care when sitting service is received: The understanding of multiple realities
Authors: Wallerstedt Birgitta , Andershed Birgitta , Benzein Eva 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:To deepen the understanding of the variation of complexity in family members' caregiving situations, when the private home is the place for care, dying, and sitting service.Methods:Seven relatives to a deceased family member from four different families were interviewed twice. Data were analyzed by direct interpretation and categorical aggregationResults:Various patterns of becoming a caregiver were showed, but family members' willingness to become family caregivers was strongly related to fulfilling the dying persons' wishes to be cared for in their own homes. Important factors for coping with the caregiving situation were their needs of support, the possibility to prepare for death related to a need of communication and planning, the length and predictability of the illness trajectory, and experiences of losses and grief. Sitting service was experienced as supportive for family caregivers when they had possibility to hand over care responsibilities, but as non-supportive when expected help not was received.Significance of the research:Family members' experiences of caregiving and their degree of vulnerability must be different, depending on whether it is a self-selected position or an imposed task. In general, family members in this study were willing to participate in caregiving for end-of life care, but subject to their own conditions. One way to decrease vulnerability is to assess the resources and competence in relation to the responsibility the person is expected to assume. The support and other efforts to help family caregivers must be related to their specific needs and reality, not only to what the care organization can offer as a standard solution.
A proapoptotic effect of valproic acid on progenitors of embryonic stem cell-derived glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Fujiki R , Sato A , Fujitani M , Yamashita T 
Published: June 2013

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid with a long history of clinical use as an antiepileptic drug (AED). VPA is also known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) and to cause diverse effects on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Although the neuroprotective or neurodestructive effects of VPA have been investigated in heterogeneous cell populations, in this study, we used homogeneous populations of NPCs and glutamatergic cortical pyramidal neurons, which were differentiated from embryonic stem (ES) cells. At therapeutic concentrations, VPA had a proapoptotic effect on ES cell-derived NPCs of glutamatergic neurons, but not on their progeny. This effect of VPA most likely occurred through the inhibition of HDACs, because similar phenotypes were observed following treatment with other HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate. The proapoptotic phenotype was not observed when cells were exposed to a structural analog of VPA, valpromide (VPM), which has the same antiepileptic effect as VPA, but does not inhibit HDACs. Western blotting confirmed that treatment with HDACis, but not VPM, significantly increased the levels of histone H3 acetylation in NPCs. HDACi treatments did not affect the survival of neurons, although the acetylation levels were increased to a limited extent. These results, which are based on a homogeneous culture system, suggest that VPA inhibits HDAC activity and induces the apoptosis of NPCs that are fated to differentiate into glutamatergic neurons. The dose-dependent effects of VPA both on apoptosis and hyperacetylation of histone H3 in NPCs supported this notion. These cell type- and differentiation stage-specific effects of VPA imply that dysfunction of HDACs during pregnancy significantly increase the risk of congenital malformations associated with VPA administration.
Light-stimulated growth of proteorhodopsin-bearing sea-ice psychrophile Psychroflexus torquis is salinity dependent
Authors: Feng Shi , Powell Shane M , Wilson Richard , Bowman John P 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Proteorhodopsins (PRs) are commonly found in marine prokaryotes and allow microbes to use light as an energy source. In recent studies, it was reported that PR stimulates growth and survival under nutrient-limited conditions. In this study, we tested the effect of nutrient and salinity stress on the extremely psychrophilic sea-ice bacterial species Psychroflexus torquis, which possesses PR. We demonstrated for the first time that light-stimulated growth occurs under conditions of salinity stress rather than nutrient limitation and that elevated salinity is related to increased growth yields, PR levels and associated proton-pumping activity. PR abundance in P. torquis also is post-transcriptionally regulated by both light and salinity and thus could represent an adaptation to its sea-ice habitat. Our findings extend the existing paradigm that light provides an energy source for marine prokaryotes under stress conditions other than nutrient limitation.
Children's Identification of Consonants in a Speech-Shaped Noise or a Two-Talker Masker
Authors: Leibold Lori J. , Buss Emily 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
To evaluate child–adult differences for consonant identification in a noise or a 2-talker masker. Error patterns were compared across age and masker type to test the hypothesis that errors with the noise masker reflect limitations in the peripheral encoding of speech, whereas errors with the 2-talker masker reflect target–masker confusions within the central auditory system.

Method
A repeated-measures design compared the performance of children (5–13 years) and adults in continuous speech-shaped noise or a 2-talker masker. Consonants were identified from a closed set of 12 using a picture-pointing response.

Results
In speech-shaped noise, children under age 10 years performed more poorly than adults, but performance was adultlike for 11- to 13-year-olds. In the 2-talker masker, significant child–adult differences were observed in even the oldest group of children. Systematic clusters of consonant errors were observed for children in the noise masker and for adults in both maskers, but not for children in the 2-talker masker.

Conclusions
These results suggest a more prolonged time course of development for consonant identification in a 2-talker masker than in a noise masker. Differences in error patterns between the maskers support the hypothesis that errors with the 2-talker masker reflect failures of sound segregation.
Task Difficulty Differentially Affects Two Measures of Processing Load: The Pupil Response During Sentence Processing and Delayed Cued Recall of the Sentences
Authors: Zekveld Adriana A. , Festen Joost M. , Kramer Sophia E. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeIn this study, the authors assessed the influence of masking level (29% or 71% sentence perception) and test modality on the processing load during language perception as reflected by the pupil response. In addition, the authors administered a delayed cued stimulus recall test to examine whether processing load affected the encoding of the stimuli in memory.MethodParticipants performed speech and text reception threshold tests, during which the pupil response was measured. In the cued recall test, the first half of correctly perceived sentences was presented, and participants were asked to complete the sentences. Reading and listening span tests of working memory capacity were presented as well.ResultsRegardless of test modality, the pupil response indicated higher processing load in the 29% condition than in the 71% correct condition. Cued recall was better for the 29% condition.ConclusionsThe consistent effect of masking level on the pupil response during listening and reading support the validity of the pupil response as a measure of processing load during language perception. The absent relation between pupil response and cued recall may suggest that cued recall is not directly related to processing load, as reflected by the pupil response.
Perceptual Development of Nasal Consonants in Children With Normal Hearing and in Children Who Use Cochlear Implants
Authors: Guillot Kathryn M. , Ohde Ralph N. , Hedrick Mark 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
This study was conducted to determine whether the perceptions of nasal consonants in children with normal hearing and children with cochlear implants were predicted by the discontinuity hypothesis.

Methods
Four groups participated: 8 adults, 8 children with normal hearing (ages 5–7 years), 8 children with normal hearing (ages 3.5–4 years), and 5 children with cochlear implants (ages 5–7 years). Stimuli were 128 nasal consonant + vowel (/m/ /n/ + /i/ /æ/ /u/ /ɑ/) syllables produced by a male adult. Each syllable production was edited into 4 segment types: (a) 50-ms murmur, (b) 25-ms murmur + 25-ms transition, (c) 50-ms transition, and (d) full syllable.

Results
Developmental effects were observed across listener groups. The children performed better in the 25-ms murmur + 25-ms transition condition, which suggests that they benefit from an integrated perceptual cue. The children wearing cochlear implants performed poorer than children with normal hearing on all segments.

Conclusions
Developmental differences in perception of nasal consonants were evident. Children wearing cochlear implants showed weaker integration and perception abilities compared to younger children with normal hearing. As predicted by the discontinuity hypothesis, the segment with the spectral discontinuity provided the strongest perceptual cues to place of articulation of nasals in children with normal hearing.
GAT: a simulation framework for testing the association of genomic intervals
Authors: Heger Andreas , Webber Caleb , Goodson Martin , Ponting Chris P. , Lunter Gerton 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMotivation: A common question in genomic analysis is whether two sets of genomic intervals overlap significantly. This question arises, for example, when interpreting ChIP-Seq or RNA-Seq data in functional terms. Because genome organization is complex, answering this question is non-trivial.Summary: We present Genomic Association Test (GAT), a tool for estimating the significance of overlap between multiple sets of genomic intervals. GAT implements a null model that the two sets of intervals are placed independently of one another, but allows each set’s density to depend on external variables, for example, isochore structure or chromosome identity. GAT estimates statistical significance based on simulation and controls for multiple tests using the false discovery rate.Availability: GAT’s source code, documentation and tutorials are available at http://code.google.com/p/genomic-association-tester.Contact: andreas.heger@dpag.ox.ac.uk