bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nymphal antennae and antennal sensilla in Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Zheng L.X. , Wu W.J. , Liang G.W. , Fu Y.G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhiteflies have distinct nymphal stages: their first stage is mobile, whereas the later immature stages are sessile. The developmental and structural changes of antennae and antennal sensilla in whiteflies during these stages have rarely been investigated. This paper describes the morphology of antennae and antennal sensilla in four nymphal stages of Aleurodicus dispersus based on scanning electron microscopy. There were significant differences found in shape and length of the antennae, and differences in type, number, morphological structure and distributional pattern of antennal sensilla in the four nymphal stages of A. dispersus. We found two types of sensilla on the antennae of first-instar nymph, three types on the third-instar nymphal antennae, four types on the second-instar and seven types on the fourth-instar nymphal antennae. Sensilla trichoidea (ST) and elevated sensilla placodea were found on the antennae of each nymphal stage, sensilla chaetica only occurred on the antennae of fourth-instar nymph. Sensilla furcatea occurred on the antennae of second- and third-instar nymphs, and sensilla basiconica were found on the antennae of second- and fourth-instar nymphs. In addition, there were sensilla campaniform and sensilla coeloconica found only on the antennae of fourth-instar nymph, whereas the ST of fourth-instar nymphs included sensilla trichoidea 1 and sensilla trichoidea 2. The possible functions of antennal sensilla are discussed. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system of whitefly nymphal stages, and provide a basis for further exploration of chemical communication mechanisms between whiteflies and host plants.
ONSET OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN HIV/AIDS-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: MAGADI MONICA A. , UCHUDI JOSEPH 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThis paper examines the effect of orphanhood and HIV status of adults in a household on onset of sexual activity among adolescent girls and boys aged 15–17 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to pooled Demographic and Health Surveys data from nineteen countries of sub-Saharan Africa where HIV test data were collected during 2003–2008 from nationally representative samples of men and women of reproductive age. The results highlight increased vulnerability among adolescent boys and girls living in households where an adult is infected with HIV, and adolescent boys who are paternal orphans. On average, adolescent boys and girls living in households where at least one adult is HIV-positive have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity compared with their counterparts of similar characteristics in households where no adult is HIV-positive. Furthermore, adolescent boys who are paternal orphans have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity than their non-orphan counterparts of similar individual characteristics. Further analysis reveals that household circumstances relating to living arrangements and poverty are important pathways through which household HIV/AIDS status is linked to adolescent sexual debut. The findings underscore the importance of international efforts in the sub-Saharan Africa region to address the plight of other children in HIV/AIDS-affected households, beyond orphans.
The effects of direct and indirect road transport consignment in combination with feed withdrawal in young dairy calves
Authors: Fisher Andrew D , Stevens Bronwyn H , Conley Melanie J , Jongman Ellen C , Lauber Mariko C , Hides Susan J , Anderson Garry A , Duganzich David M , Mansell Peter D 
Published: May 2014

Male dairy calves may be transported from their farm of origin at a young age. This process may involve an extended period off feed and indirect consignment through an intermediate facility, prompting potential welfare concerns. To assess the impact of transport, 59 male Holstein-Friesian dairy calves (5–9 d old) were either (1) held in situ on farm (control); (2) transported for 6 h; (3) transported for 12 h; or (4) transported for 1 h to a holding facility where they were kept for 6 h and then transported for 5 h. All treatments included a 30-h period of feed (milk) withdrawal, and calf responses were measured over time from before their last feed until the completion of the study after the transport and feed withdrawal periods. Apart from increases in serum creatine kinase in calves transported for 12 h, transported calves generally did not differ in blood concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, total protein or in packed cell volume, compared with controls (P>0·05). Calf responses to the indirect consignment treatment did not differ from those of other transported calves. Withdrawal of feed for 30 h caused calves to lose 6% of body weight; blood glucose varied from 3·96 mmol/l immediately before daily feeding to 5·46 mmol/l at 3 h post feeding, and then declined to 3·43 mmol/l at 30 h. Calves lay down for 22–32% of the time during transport, and did not show a rebound effect in lying behaviour post arrival in comparison with controls. Best practice transport of 6–12 h duration, including indirect consignment via a holding facility, did not significantly affect calf blood biochemistry and metabolism in comparison with untransported animals. However, extending the time off feed beyond the daily feeding interval resulted in reduced blood glucose concentrations, suggesting that time off feed needs to be carefully managed in young transported dairy calves.
Genetic and environmental influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness in bipolar disorder
Authors: Bootsman F. , Brouwer R. M. , Schnack H. G. , van Baal G. C. M. , van der Schot A. C. , Vonk R. , Hulshoff Pol H. E. , Nolen W. A. , Kahn R. S. , van Haren N. E. M. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD) has been linked to structural brain abnormalities. The degree to which genes and environment influence the association of BD with cortical surface area remains to be elucidated. In this twin study, genetic and environmental contributions to the association between liability to develop BD and surface area, thickness and volume of the cortex were examined.MethodThe study cohort included 44 affected monozygotic (nine concordant, 12 discordant) and dizygotic (four concordant, 19 discordant) twin pairs, and seven twins from incomplete discordant monozygotic and dizygotic discordant twin pairs. In addition, 37 monozygotic and 24 dizygotic healthy control twin pairs, and six twins from incomplete monozygotic and dizygotic control pairs were included.ResultsGenetic liability to develop BD was associated with a larger cortical surface in limbic and parietal regions, and a thicker cortex in central and parietal regions. Environmental factors related to BD were associated with larger medial frontal, parietal and limbic, and smaller orbitofrontal surfaces. Furthermore, thinner frontal, limbic and occipital cortex, and larger frontal and parietal, and smaller orbitofrontal volumes were also associated with environmental factors related to BD.ConclusionsOur results suggest that unique environmental factors play a prominent role in driving the associations between liability to develop BD and cortical measures, particularly those involving cortical thickness. Further evaluation of their influence on the surface and thickness of the cortical mantle is recommended. In addition, cortical volume appeared to be primarily dependent on surface and not thickness.
Hundred picoseconds laser pulse amplification based on scalable two-cells Brillouin amplifier
Authors: Yuan H. , Lu Z.W. , Wang Y.L. , Zheng Z.X. , Chen Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHundred picoseconds laser pulse with high energy and high peak power has broad application prospects such as inertial confinement fusion shock ignition. But it is hard to get effective amplification through MOPA or chirped pulse amplification method. Through simulated Brillouin scattering method, 100 picoseconds laser pulse can be amplified efficiently. To be able to meet the need of high energy and high-intensity laser pulse amplification, scalable two cell structure and four different FC series liquid were used to fulfill this experiment. The results indicate that the magnification of Stokes energy and efficiency of energy extraction are closely related to medium parameters and energy parameters. The minimum width of 340 ps Stokes pulse was amplified by 13.5 times in this experiment.
A research on the mounted configuration of end-effector for robotic drilling
Authors: Liang Jie 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThe flexible robotic drilling system has been widely used in the aircraft industry in recent years. There are three ways to attach an end-effector to a robot, which are the pointing configuration, the hanging configuration, and the side configuration. The simulation model of robot and workpiece is constructed by using MATLAB software. According to the three configurations, reachability, manipulability, joint useability, and joint passive torque of a robot are calculated by means of the MATLAB language. Based on the calculation results and various measures, the performance, including reachability, manipulability, joint useability, and deformation, of a robot are analyzed. The analysis results show that the pointing configuration has the best reachability, a long service life, and small energy consumption, and it substantially reduces the fifth axis joint passive torque produced by the clamp force, which will improve positional accuracy of holes; the hanging configuration and the side configuration improve robot's manipulability and are suitable for drilling in the curved surface.
First Preliminary Fast Static Ambiguity Resolution Results of Medium-Baseline with Triple-Frequency Beidou Wavebands
Authors: Ji Shengyue , Wang Xiaolong , Xu Ying , Wang Zhenjie , Chen Wu , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2014

Fast high precision relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is very important to various applications and ambiguity resolution is a key requirement. It has been a continuing challenge to determine and fix GNSS carrier-phase ambiguity, especially for medium- and long-distance baselines. In past research, with dual-frequency band Global Positioning System (GPS), it is almost impossible for fast ambiguity resolution of medium- and long-distance baselines mainly due to the ionospheric and tropospheric effects. With the launch of the BeiDou system, triple-frequency band GNSS observations are available for the first time. This research aims to test the ambiguity resolution performance with BeiDou triple-frequency band observations. In this research, two mathematical models are compared: zenith tropospheric delay as an unknown parameter versus corrected tropospheric delay. The ambiguity resolution performance is investigated in detail with BeiDou observations. Different distance baselines are tested: 45 km, 70 km and 100 km and the performances are investigated with different elevation cut-off angles. Also the performance with BeiDou alone and combined BeiDou and GPS are compared. Experimental results clearly show that with practical observations of triple-frequency bands, ambiguity of medium- or long-distance baselines can be fixed. The results also show that: the performance of ambiguity resolution with an elevation cutoff angle of 20° is much better than that of 15°; The performance with tropospheric effect corrected is slightly better than that with tropospheric effect as an estimated parameter; Dual-frequency band GPS observations will benefit ambiguity resolution of integrated BeiDou and GPS.
Warning! Fire in the ICU
Authors: Rispoli Fabio , Iannuzzi Michele , De Robertis Edoardo , Piazza Ornella , Servillo Giuseppe , Tufano Rosalba 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAt 5:30 pm on December 17, 2010, shortly after a power failure, smoke filled the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Federico II University Hospital in Naples, Italy, triggering the hospital emergency alarm system. Immediately, staff began emergency procedures and alerted rescue teams. All patients were transferred without harm. The smoke caused pharyngeal and conjunctival irritation in some staff members. After a brief investigation, firefighters discovered the cause of the fire was a failure of the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).RispoliF, IannuzziM, De RobertisE, PiazzaO, ServilloG, TufanoR. Warning! Fire in the ICU. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-2.
Primary Repair or Fecal Diversion for Colorectal Injuries After Blast: A Medical Review
Authors: Bortolin Michelangelo , Baldari Ludovica , Sabbadini Maria Grazia , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBlast injury is a frequent cause of injury during armed conflicts, and the force of a blast can cause closed colorectal injury and perforation.1 After identification of a blast-related colorectal injury, the surgical options are primary repair or fecal diversion with the option for secondary repair. This structured review was conducted to determine which patients could be treated with primary repair (PR) or with fecal diversion. The review method followed the Prisma Statement method for medical systematic review. All data from the relevant articles were collected in a single database. Articles took into account wars in Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan from January 1993 through November 2012. The review was limited due to lack of reported data, hence qualitative analysis was the main review method. The review showed that for patients who do not have associated intra-abdominal injuries (diaphragm, stomach, pancreas, spleen, or kidney) or hemodynamic instability, PR did not result in an increase of complications or mortality.BortolinM, BaldariL, SabbadiniMG, RoyN. Primary repair or fecal diversion for colorectal injuries after blast: a medical review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-3.
The Isma‘ili – Isna ‘Ashari Divide Among the Khojas: Exploring Forgotten Judicial Data from Karachi
Authors: BOIVIN MICHEL 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the interaction between a religious leader, the Aga Khan, and a cluster of castes, the Khojas, in Colonial India. While scholars have usually investigated the Bombay judicial sources, claiming that the Aga Khan Case of 1866 put an end to dissent among the Khojas who rejected his authority, the Karachi judicial sources provide a new perspective on the issues. It will be argued that the so called dissenters were fighting for the autonomy of the Khojas as a caste that they were able to keep in turning to Isna ‘Ashari. Therefore, this paper deals with how the British colonials attempted to control the people of India through the courts, but also how Indian actors used the courts for reaching their goals. Furthermore, the religious discourse through which the claims were expressed was but a shell concealing economic pursuits as well as issues of social rank.
Whole Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Suggests Mitochondria Divide by Budding
Authors: Hu Guo-Bin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEukaryotes rely on mitochondrial division to guarantee that each new generation of cells acquires an adequate number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial division has long been thought to occur by binary fission and, more recently, evidence has supported the idea that binary fission is mediated by dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and the endoplasmic reticulum. However, studies to date have depended on fluorescence microscopy and conventional electron microscopy. Here, we utilize whole cell cryo-electron tomography to visualize mitochondrial division in frozen hydrated intact HeLa cells. We observe a large number of relatively small mitochondria protruding from and connected to large mitochondria or mitochondrial networks. Therefore, this study provides evidence that mitochondria divide by budding.
Comparison of CCC and ETAR dose calculation algorithms in pituitary adenoma radiation treatment planning; Monte Carlo evaluation
Authors: Tanha K. , Mahdavi S. R. , Geraily G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo verify the accuracy of two common absorbed dose calculation algorithms in comparison to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for the planning of the pituitary adenoma radiation treatment.Materials and methodsAfter validation of Linac's head modelling by MC in water phantom, it was verified in Rando phantom as a heterogeneous medium for pituitary gland irradiation. Then, equivalent tissue-air ratio (ETAR) and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithms were compared for a conventional three small non-coplanar field technique. This technique uses 30 degree physical wedge and 18 MV photon beams.ResultsDose distribution findings showed significant difference between ETAR and CCC of delivered dose in pituitary irradiation. The differences between MC and dose calculation algorithms were 6.40 ± 3.44% for CCC and 10.36 ± 4.37% for ETAR. None of the algorithms could predict actual dose in air cavity areas in comparison to the MC method.ConclusionsDifference between calculation and true dose value affects radiation treatment outcome and normal tissue complication probability. It is of prime concern to select appropriate treatment planning system according to our clinical situation. It is further emphasised that MC can be the method of choice for clinical dose calculation algorithms verification.
Caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Bembridge Marls, Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK
Authors: Sukatsheva Irina D. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe trichopteran assemblage of the Late Eocene Bembridge Marls is revised. six species in five genera and four families are identified, with four species and two genera described as new: (Beraeidae:Beraeodes vectensisCockerell, 1921 andB. anglicusCockerell, 1921; Phryganeidae:Bembridgea insulariagen. sp. nov.; Polycentropodidae: ?Plectrocnemia incompletaSukatsheva, sp. nov.; Philopotamidae:Wormaldia longaevaSukatsheva, sp. nov.; incertae familiae:Paleodicella anomalaSukatsheva, gen. sp. nov.). The assemblage is unique in being absolutely dominated by the generally uncommon family Beraeidae, and particularly by the single speciesBeraeodes vectensis. Except for a representative of ubiquitous Phryganaeidae, all the caddis-flies recorded apparently had oxy- and psychrophilous larvae confined to springs and cold streams (or else mosses near water), thus indicating the absence of fresh lakes or slow running waters near the depositional water body.
The Flora of the Insect Limestone (latest Eocene) from the Isle of Wight, southern England
Authors: Hayes Peta Angela , Collinson Margaret Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTLatest Eocene fossil plant remains occur in concentrations within blue-grey micrite known as Insect Limestone near the base of the Bembridge Marls Member (Bouldnor Formation, Solent Group), Isle of Wight, southern England. Some of the previously reported taxa (collections in the Natural History Museum, London) are not preserved within the Insect Limestone. These (e.g., all Arecaceae (palms)) are excluded from the floral list. New non-destructive techniques have yielded additional taxonomic information. Leaves previously assigned to Ficus and Fagus are now incertae sedis. Wetland elements are abundant, particularly Typha, but also Acrostichum, Azolla, Potamogeton, Sparganium and others. Non-wetland elements are rare. Trees and shrubs included representatives of Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Rhamnaceae (the sclerophyllous Zizyphus), other flowering plants and several genera of conifers. There are rare specimens of possible herbaceous plants and propagules with plumes or awns, the latter possibly an early fossil record of Clematis. The common plant remains were probably derived from vegetation near a freshwater body, sometimes with slight brackish influence, whilst rarer elements were probably blown in from a greater distance. There is little evidence of plant–insect interaction; one leaf with small galls, a stem containing an insect larva and a possible association between stratiomyid flies and Typha.
Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Bembridge Marls, Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK
Authors: Shmakov Alexey 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThirty-two thrips fossils were studied from the Bembridge Marls, late Eocene of the Isle of Wight, S. England. Two extant families are recorded, Aeolothripidae with two species and Thripidae with three species. Described as new areSinaeolothripsShmakov gen. n. (Aeolothrips brodieiCockerell, 1917, type species),Aeolothrips jarzembowskiiShmakov sp. nov (Aeolothripidae) andCoccothrips hoffeinsorumShmakov, sp.nov.(Thripidae: Panchaetothripinae). The genusThripsis tentatively recorded as fossil for the first time. Taxonomic composition of thrips is close to the Recent ones.
Interference‐free wireless power transfer system for biomedical implants using multi‐coil approach
Authors: RamRakhyani A.K. , Lazzi G. 
Published: May 2014

Low‐frequency (1–20 MHz) inductive coupling is a leading technique to power biomedical implants wirelessly. Even though these are non‐radiating systems, the external and the implant coils can cause sufficient radiated electric field to exceed the federal standards for communication. A multi‐coil‐based wireless power transfer (WPT) technique is developed to selectively control the currents in the external and implant coils to reduce the radiated electric field. A four‐coil WPT system, which can achieve more than 37% reduction in the radiated electric field as compared with a two‐coil WPT system with the same dimensions and design constraints, is implemented and used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Outage performance of dual branch diversity techniques in broadband fixed wireless access networks
Authors: Kourogiorgas Charilaos I. , Panagopoulos Athanasios D. 
Published: May 2014

New physical–mathematical models for the calculation of the outage probability of the maximal ratio combining and selection combining dual branch spatial diversity schemes for broadband fixed wireless access networks operating above 10 GHz are presented. At these frequency bands and considering line‐of‐sight conditions, rain attenuation is the dominant fading mechanism, which should be taken into account in the radio communications system design. The models are based on bivariate inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution and on the adoption of a spatial correlation coefficient for the convergent terrestrial wireless links. IG distribution has been shown that models accurately the rain attenuation fading for both temperate and tropical climatic regions. The models are validated with numerical results and some useful conclusions are drawn.
Navigability of interconnected networks under random failures
Authors: De Domenico Manlio , Solé-Ribalta Albert , Gómez Sergio , Arenas Alex 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Network theory has been exploited in the last decades to deepen our comprehension of complex systems. However, real-world complex systems exhibit multiple levels of relationships and require modeling by interconnected networks, characterizing interactions on several levels simultaneously. Questions such as “what is the efficiency of exploration of a city using the multiple transportation layers, like subway and bus?” and “what is its resilience to failures?” have to be answered using the multiplex framework. Here, we introduce fundamental mechanisms to perform such exploration, using random walks on multilayer networks, and we show how the topological structure, together with the navigation strategy, influences the efficiency in exploring the whole structure.