bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construire contre l'État en République socialiste de Roumanie (1947-1989)
Authors: Diaconu Adriana 
Published: November 2013

La politique de « systématisation » mise en pratique par le régime de Nicolae Ceausescu à partir de 1973 et renforcée dans les années 1980 a provoqué une crise vécue avec acuité par la population et dénoncée de l’intérieur comme à l’étranger. Afin d’éclaircir les origines de cette crise, l’article remonte à l’arrivée des communistes au pouvoir et revient sur leurs premières mesures visant à stimuler la construction de logements par les particuliers, dans une situation de pénurie aggravée par la vitalité démographique et l’exode rural des années 1950. À la suite de cette période durant laquelle l’effort de construction a été assumé en très grande partie par les particuliers, les politiques volontaristes du gouvernement de Nicolae Ceausescu engagent la démolition et la reconstruction massive du parc privé par des entreprises étatiques. Invisibles dans les discours officiels, ces revirements politiques concernant la propriété et l’initiative de construction des particuliers apparaissent comme la cause de la crise « qualitative » provoquée par l’État à partir de 1973. Cette crise de l’habitat pendant la « systématisation » se décline ainsi en interdictions de construire inattendues, en dépossessions de petits propriétaires auparavant encouragés, enfin en restrictions et en déficits de confort caractéristiques d’un logement contraint.
Atlas Historique des Villes de France
Authors: Lefebvre Bastien 
Published: November 2013

S’interroger sur la périodisation de l’histoire de la topographie urbaine telle qu’elle apparaît dans les 49 volumes de la collection Atlas historique des villes de France permet de constater que les articulations proposées par les auteurs sont rarement justifiées, comme si elles s’imposaient. Par ailleurs, l’examen de ces ruptures montre qu’elles sont hétérogènes, qu’elles correspondent à des temps plus ou moins longs et qu’elles reposent sur des événements parfois d’ordre politique, social, économique ou topographique. Cet article propose non seulement d’examiner la nature des ruptures retenues pour construire ce découpage, mais aussi, à partir d’une analyse temporelle des informations contenues dans les notices, de réfléchir sur les manières de périodiser l’histoire des villes. Les remarques ainsi formulées permettent de revenir sur la nature du temps ou des temporalités urbaines.
Protein extraction from methanol fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks: A new possibility using cell blocks
Authors: Kokkat Theresa J. , McGarvey Diane , Patel Miral S. , Tieniber Andrew D. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: November 2013

Background:
Methanol fixed and paraffin embedded (MFPE) cellblocks are an essential cytology preparation. However, MFPE cellblocks often contain limited material and their relatively small size has caused them to be overlooked in biomarker discovery. Advances in the field of molecular biotechnology have made it possible to extract proteins from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks. In contrast, there are no established methods for extracting proteins from MFPE cellblocks. We investigated commonly available CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) buffer, as well as two commercially available Qiagen® kits and compared their effectiveness on MFPE tissue for protein yields.

Materials and Methods:
MFPE blocks were made by Cellient™ automated system using human tissue specimens from normal and malignant specimens collected in ThinPrep™ Vials. Protein was extracted from Cellient-methanol fixed and paraffin embedded blocks with CHAPS buffer method as well as FFPE and Mammalian Qiagen® kits.

Results:
Comparison of protein yields demonstrated the effectiveness of various protein extraction methods on MFPE cellblocks.

Conclusion:
In the current era of minimally invasive techniques to obtain minimal amount of tissue for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, the use of commercial and lab made buffer on low weight MFPE scrapings obtained by Cellient® processor opens new possibilities for protein biomarker research.
Further Solutions of a Yang-Baxter-like Matrix Equation
Authors: Ding Jiu , Zhang Chenhua , Rhee Noah H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation AXA = XAX is reconsidered, and an infinite number of solutions that commute with any given complex square matrix A are found. Our results here are based on the fact that the matrix A can be replaced with its Jordan canonical form. We also discuss the explicit structure of the solutions obtained.
The Catholic Church and the Ethic of Solidarity in Poland After 1989: An Update
Authors: Beyer Gerald J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In spite of impressive economic growth and a burgeoning middle class in recent years, millions of Poles continue to suffer from poverty. Entrenched poverty and marginalization reveal that Polish society needs a revitalization of the ethic of solidarity, which largely disintegrated after 1989. The Roman Catholic Church should play a pivotal role in this endeavor. Promoting an ethic of solidarity is an intrinsic component of the Catholic Church’s mission of evangelization. Although the Church has advanced an ethic of solidarity in some ways, it has also hindered the fostering of greater social solidarity. In part, this stems from a failure of many Catholics, including Church leaders, to see advancing an ethic of solidarity as an integral dimension of evangelization.
Short communication. Lumber yield and production time in sawmilling of pallets in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Najera Luna J.A. , Sanchez Medrano J.A. , Mendez Gonzalez J. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: Evaluate times and yields in the transformation of pine logs to pieces of pallets.Area of study: Four sawmills of the forest region of El Salto, Durango, Mexico.Material and methods: The sample size was 388 logs with 32.91 m3 as volume without bark grouped in four diameter classes and five taper classes. The transformation time was estimated using the “Snap-back timing” method, and yield was defined as the ratio between pallets and log volume.Main results: The time required to obtain 1000 bft of pallets is approximately 5.8 hours and the mean yield is 56%. This means that for each cubic meter of logs without bark, it is possible to obtain 240 board feet of pallets (bft). In addition, 4.16 m3 of logs without bark are required to obtain 1000 board feet of pallets. The estimated mean productivity was 0.54 m3/h.Research highlights: As the log diameter increases, yield also increases. The taper of the logs was not significant in the transformation yield.Key words: Indicators of productivity; pallets; diameter logs; taper; sawmilling process; lumber yield; raw material; Mexico.
Distance-independent individual tree diameter-increment model for Thuya [Tetraclinis articulata (VAHL.) MAST.] stands in Tunisia
Authors: Sghaier T. , Tome M. , Tome J. , Sanchez-Gonzalez M. , Cañellas I. , Calama R. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: The aim of the work was to develop an individual tree diameter-increment model for Thuya (Tetraclinis articulata) in Tunisia.Area of study: The natural Tetraclinis articulata stands at Jbel Lattrech in north-eastern of Tunisia.Material and methods: Data came from 200 trees located in 50 sample plots. The diameter at age t and the diameter increment for the last five years obtained from cores taken at breast height were measured for each tree. Four difference equations derived from the base functions of Richards, Lundqvist, Hossfeld IV and Weibull were tested using the age-independent formulations of the growth functions. Both numerical and graphical analyses were used to evaluate the performance of the candidate models.Main results: Based on the analysis, the age-independent difference equation derived from the base function Richards model was selected. Two of the three parameters (growth rate and shape parameter) of the retained model were related to site quality, represented by a Growth Index, stand density and the basal area in larger trees divided by diameter of the subject tree expressing the inter-tree competition.Research highlights: The proposed model can be useful for predicting the diameter growth of Tetraclinis articulata in Tunisia when age is not available or for trees growing in uneven-aged stands.Keywords: Age-independent growth model; difference equations; Tetraclinis articulata; Tunisia.
Sustainable Forest Management in a Mediterranean region: Social preferences
Authors: Maroto Álvarez C. , Segura M. , Ginestar C. , Uriol J. , Segura B. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: There is a lack of empirical research that deals with sustainable forest management in Mediterranean regions, among the most vulnerable ecosystems. The main purpose of this work is to define the strategic criteria and objectives for sustainable forest management and aggregate the preferences of stakeholders in a Mediterranean region, using AHP and Goal Programming.Area of study: Valencian Community (Spain).Material and Methods: Firstly, we identified forest stakeholders and structured a decision hierarchy. Then a workshop was carried out to test and validate the proposed criteria and objectives, as well as a survey to determine social preferences. Secondly, another survey was conducted amongst experts to prioritize action plans.Main results: Stakeholders’ preferences gave the greatest importance to the environmental criteria (hydrological regulation and erosion, climate change mitigation and biodiversity) with an average weight of 40%. Social criteria (employment, recreational activities and landscape) had a weight of 38% and 22% the economic criteria case (wood, hunting and fishing, livestock, renewable energies, rural tourism and mining). The results showed that new products and services such as tourism, renewable energies, landscape, hydrological regulation and erosion control, biodiversity or climate change mitigation are very relevant objectives. We also prioritized action plans comparing them with the distribution of the administration budget.Research highlights: The environmental and social criteria are much more important than the economic ones in the regional planning of the Mediterranean forest, regardless of the method used to aggregate the social preferences and if the forest is public or private.Key words: Multiple Criteria Decision Making; Goal Programming; Analytic Hierarchy Process; Preferences Aggregation.
Remote Monitoring of Forest Insect Defoliation -A Review-
Authors: Rullan-Silva C.D. , Olthoff A.E. , Delgado de la Mata J.A. , Pajares-Alonso J.A. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: This paper reviews the global research during the last 6 years (2007-2012) on the state, trends and potential of remote sensing for detecting, mapping and monitoring forest defoliation caused by insects.Area of study: The review covers research carried out within different countries in Europe and America.Main results: A nation or region wide monitoring system should be scaled in two levels, one using time-series with moderate to coarse resolutions, and the other with fine or high resolution. Thus, MODIS data is increasingly used for early warning detection, whereas Landsat data is predominant in defoliation damage research. Furthermore, ALS data currently stands as the more promising option for operative detection of defoliation.Vegetation indices based on infrared-medium/near-infrared ratios and on moisture content indicators are of great potential for mapping insect pest defoliation, although NDVI is the most widely used and tested.Research highlights: Among most promising methods for insect defoliation monitoring are Spectral Mixture Analysis, best suited for detection due to its sub-pixel recognition enhancing multispectral data, and use of logistic models as function of vegetation index change between two dates, recommended for predicting defoliation.Key words: vegetation damage; pest outbreak; spectral change detection.
Cuisiner en bordure de la piste
Authors: Jarvenpa Robert 
Published: November 2013

Dans le sillage des récents changements politico-économiques dans le nord du Canada, des équipes mobiles de chasseurs-trappeurs et pêcheurs chipewyans (Dene) subissent de nos jours de longues périodes d’isolement, loin des villages où vivent et travaillent les autres membres de leurs familles. Dans ce contexte, les hommes chipewyans sont confrontés à un dilemme structurel. Ils doivent choisir entre reproduire, abandonner ou modifier les savoir-faire hautement spécialisés du traitement et de la transformation de la nourriture qui étaient habituellement réalisés par les femmes, dans les campements familiaux saisonniers et nomades des années précédentes. L’analyse se concentre sur la préparation des repas et les pratiques de dîner dans les camps forestiers exclusivement masculins des dernières années, et sur la manière dont ces comportements reflètent de pénibles changements dans les relations entre genres. Paradoxalement, tandis que les hommes ont gardé de nombreux ingrédients historiques et familiers dans leur régime alimentaire, l’absence des savoir-faire des femmes dans la préparation de ces aliments confère à la cuisine contemporaine des hommes une place potentiellement ambiguë : une nourriture de la forêt, ou de la piste, qui n’est plus pleinement chipewyane.
Fêtes traditionnelles et festivals glocalisés aux Marquises
Authors: Riley Kathleen C. 
Published: November 2013

Cet article commence par un bref survol des sources ethnohistoriques couvrant la production, la distribution, la préparation, et la consommation de la nourriture aux îles Marquises depuis l’époque des contacts réguliers avec les européens au XVIIIe siècle jusqu’aux différentes vagues d’expériences de la globalisation (exploration, commerce, colonisation, christianisation, éducation, tourisme et médias internationaux). Il montre comment les réactions locales à ces forces globales ont produit une série de formes alimentaires syncrétiques – ordinaires et rituelles – dont l’intérêt analytique dépasse la simple dimension ethnographique, puisqu’elle permet de comprendre de façon théorique la manière dont ces communautés utilisent la dimension sémiotique et sensible de la nourriture pour forger des identités hybrides. L’analyse met au point premièrement comment les formes alimentaires « traditionnelles » ont été maintenues et réinventées et deuxièmement comment elles ont été déployées lors des fêtes et festivals glocalisés – domestiques et internationaux – et plus particulièrement ceux associés depuis environ 35 ans avec un mouvement de renouveau culturel aux îles Marquises.
An automatic scaling technique for obtaining F2 parameters and F1 critical frequency from vertical incidence ionograms
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Yang Guobin , Zhao Zhengyu , Zhang Yuannong , Zhu Peng , Sun Hengqing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecent advances in computing technologies have renewed interest in the intelligent systems for automatic interpretation of ionograms, images obtained by remote sensing of the ionospheric plasma. The ionogram “autoscaling” techniques based on the template matching method, previously rendered unrealistic for their computing complexity, have now become feasible. This work presents an automatic scaling technique for extracting the main features of the F1 and F2 layers of the ionosphere, such as critical frequency and virtual height, from vertical incidence ionograms that do not distinguish O/X polarization of the echoes. The proposed technique uses the quasi‐parabolic segments (QPS) to model the electron density profile shapes that are used to synthesize a pool of candidate traces. Moreover, the empirical orthogonal functions and image technique are applied to reduce the size of the candidate traces so that the auto‐scaling algorithm can run in realistic time. With the template matching algorithm, the technique will provide the initial parameters of the QPS model for the F1 and F2 layers, which are then fine‐tuned to obtain the better fitting parameters. In order to evaluate the performance of this technique, a large data set of ionograms recorded in Wuhan at daytime and nighttime in winter, summer, and equinoctial months, are analyzed and investigated. The automatic scaling results are compared with manually scaling results. Our results indicate that the proposed technique described in this paper is reliable and efficient and will facilitate the statistical study of temporal and spatial ionospheric characteristics over Wuhan.
A dual filtering scheme for nonlinear active noise control
Authors: Delvecchio D. , Piroddi L. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYActive noise control problems are often affected by nonlinear effects such as distortion and saturation of measurement and actuation devices, which call for suitable nonlinear models and algorithms. The active noise control problem can be interpreted as an indirect model identification problem, due to the secondary path dynamics that follow the control filter block. This complicates the weight update mechanism in the nonlinear case, in that the error gradient depends on the secondary path gradient through nonlinear recursions. A simpler and computationally less demanding approach is here proposed that employs the updating scheme of the standard filtered‐x least mean squares (LMS) or filtered‐u LMS algorithm. As in those schemes, the calculation of the error gradient requires a signal filtering through an auxiliary system, here obtained through a secondary adaptation loop. The resulting dual filtering LMS algorithm performs the adaptation of the controller parameters in a direct identification mode and can therefore be easily coupled with adaptive model structure selection schemes to provide online tuning of the model structure, for improved model robustness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal‐ and Oxidant‐Free Direct sp3 CH Arylation of Pyrrolidine
Authors: Haldar Surajit , Mahato Sujit , Jana Chandan K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractArylated aliphatic N‐heterocycles, and particularly arylated pyrrolidines, have a wide range of applications in medicine as well as in chemistry. Arylation of pyrrolidines mainly relies on metal‐mediated couplings, which produce unwanted toxic metal waste. In this Communication, we report an oxidant‐ and metal‐free method for direct sp3 CH arylation of pyrrolidine employing a highly atom economic three‐component reaction. The method, operating under very simple and mild conditions, is highly selective and very efficient in producing single regioisomer of the arylated product even on a multigram scale. As an alternative to the metal‐mediated reaction, this method has the potential to be used in production at an industrial scale. Moreover, a new approach for CH arylation based on a novel reactivity that differs from the reactivity in Mannich or Betti reactions of iminium ion is presented.
Graphene‐Supported Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Mesoporous Silica: Robust Catalysts for Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Shang Lu , Bian Tong , Zhang Baihui , Zhang Donghui , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Yin Yadong , Zhang Tierui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGraphene nanosheet‐supported ultrafine metal nanoparticles encapsulated by thin mesoporous SiO2 layers were prepared and used as robust catalysts with high catalytic activity and excellent high‐temperature stability. The catalysts can be recycled and reused in many gas‐ and solution‐phase reactions, and their high catalytic activity can be fully recovered by high‐temperature regeneration, should they be deactivated by feedstock poisoning. In addition to the large surface area provided by the graphene support, the enhanced catalytic performance is also attributed to the mesoporous SiO2 layers, which not only stabilize the ultrafine metal nanoparticles, but also prevent the aggregation of the graphene nanosheets. The synthetic strategy can be extended to other metals, such as Pd and Ru, for preparing robust catalysts for various reactions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Selective CH Deuteration of Arenes: Evidence for Superior Reactivity of Weakly Coordinated Palladacycles
Authors: Ma Sandy , Villa Giorgio , Thuy‐Boun Peter S. , Homs Anna , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe disclose a protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed ortho‐selective CH deuteration of arenes. Phenylacetic acids and benzoic acids are suitable substrates for this reaction. This reaction offers a catalytic route to ortho‐deuterated phenylacetic acids and benzoic acids and demonstrates the sharp difference in reactivity of palladacycle intermediates held together by weak and strong coordination.
Continuous‐Flow Oxidative Cyanation of Primary and Secondary Amines Using Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Ushakov Dmitry B. , Gilmore Kerry , Kopetzki Daniel , McQuade D. Tyler , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrimary and secondary amines can be rapidly and quantitatively oxidized to the corresponding imines by singlet oxygen. This reactive form of oxygen was produced using a variable‐temperature continuous‐flow LED‐photoreactor with a catalytic amount of tetraphenylporphyrin as the sensitizer. α‐Aminonitriles were obtained in good to excellent yields when trimethylsilyl cyanide served as an in situ imine trap. At 25°C, primary amines were found to undergo oxidative coupling prior to cyanide addition and yielded secondary α‐aminonitriles. Primary α‐aminonitriles were synthesized from the corresponding primary amines for the first time, by an oxidative Strecker reaction at –50 °C. This atom‐economic and protecting‐group‐free pathway provides a route to racemic amino acids, which was exemplified by the synthesis of tert‐leucine hydrochloride from neopentylamine.
Probing the Intracellular Glutathione Redox Potential by In‐Cell NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rhieu Steve Y. , Urbas Aaron A. , Bearden Daniel W. , Marino John P. , Lippa Katrice A. , Reipa Vytas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNon‐invasive and real‐time analysis of cellular redox processes has been greatly hampered by lack of suitable measurement techniques. Here we describe an in‐cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione redox potential by direct and quantitative measurement of isotopically labeled glutathione introduced exogenously into living yeast. By using this approach, perturbations in the cellular glutathione redox homeostasis were also monitored as yeast cells were subjected to oxidative stress.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Gephyrotoxin by Amide‐Selective Reductive Nucleophilic Addition
Authors: Shirokane Kenji , Wada Takamasa , Yoritate Makoto , Minamikawa Ryo , Takayama Nobuaki , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA chemoselective approach for the total synthesis of (±)‐gephyrotoxin has been developed. The key to success was the utilization of N‐methoxyamides, which enabled the direct coupling of the amide with an aldehyde and selective reductive nucleophilic addition to the amide in the presence of a variety of sensitive and electrophilic functional groups, such as a methyl ester. This chemoselective approach minimized the use of protecting‐group manipulations and redox reactions, which resulted in the most concise and efficient total synthesis of (±)‐gephyrotoxin described to date.