bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation method of point cloud denoising filter based on KinectV2
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Wang Mei , Xiong Junhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the process of collecting data from point clouds, some factors, such as precision equipment, operator experience, environmental conditions, as well as characteristic diffraction effects of electromagnetic waves, changes in surface characteristics of test objects, and the impact of integration processes, are involved data and records that may display some point noise in the data point cloud. In addition to noise caused by measurement errors, practical applications can be affected by external interference and obstacles, which causes deviating values in the data point cloud to differ from the measurement entity. A 3D scanner, represented by the depth of the camera, is used to collect data. To eliminate these noises and anomalies, it is necessary to filter the initial points of the cloud. In this article, we suggest using statistical filtering algorithms to perform statistical analysis on each point community, remove points that do not meet predetermined standards, and remove outliers. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, it is compared with other filtering algorithms. The experimental results show that the filter algorithm proposed in this thesis has better effects on outlier points and can obtain the general shape properties of the point cloud.
Enhanced tunable cavity development for axion dark matter searches using a piezoelectric motor in combination with gears
Authors: Yi A.K. , Seong T. , Lee S. , Ahn S. , Ivanov B.I. , Uchaikin S.V. , Ko B.R. , Semertzidis Y.K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Most search experiments sensitive to quantum chromodynamics
(QCD) axion dark matter benefit from microwave cavities, as
electromagnetic resonators, that enhance the detectable axion signal
power and thus the experimental sensitivity drastically. As the
possible axion mass spans multiple orders of magnitude, microwave
cavities must be tunable and it is desirable for the cavity to have
a tunable frequency range that is as wide as possible. Since the
tunable frequency range generally increases as the dimension of the
conductor tuning rod increases for a given cylindrical conductor
cavity system, we developed a cavity system with a large dimensional
tuning rod in order to increase this. We, for the first time,
employed not only a piezoelectric motor, but also gears to drive a
large and accordingly heavy tuning rod, where such a combination to
increase driving power can be adopted for extreme environments as is
the case for axion dark matter experiments: cryogenic,
high-magnetic-field, and high vacuum. Thanks to such higher power
derived from the piezoelectric motor and gear combination, we
realized a wideband tunable cavity whose frequency range is about
42% of the central resonant frequency of the cavity, without
sacrificing the experimental sensitivity too much.
Investigation of the tradeoffs between tracking performance and energetics in heterogeneous variable recruitment fluidic artificial muscle bundles
Authors: Mazzoleni Nicholas , Bryant Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In traditional hydraulic robotics, actuators must be sized for the highest possible load, resulting in significant energy losses when operating in lower force regimes. Variable recruitment fluidic artificial muscle (FAM) bundles offer a novel bio-inspired solution to this problem. Divided into individual MUs, each with its own control valve, a variable recruitment FAM bundle uses a switching control scheme to selectively bring MUs online according to load demand. To date, every dynamic variable recruitment study in the literature has considered homogeneous bundles containing MUs of equal size. However, natural mammalian muscle MUs are heterogeneous and primarily operate based on Henneman’s size principle, which states that MUs are recruited from smallest to largest for a given task. Is it better for a FAM variable recruitment bundle to operate according to this principle, or are there other recruitment orders that result in better performance? What are the appropriate criteria for switching between recruitment states for these different recruitment orders? This paper seeks to answer these questions by performing two case studies exploring different bundle MU size distributions, analyzing the tradeoffs between tracking performance and energetics, and determining how these tradeoffs are affected by different MU recruitment order and recruitment state transition thresholds. The only difference between the two test cases is the overall force capacity (i.e. total size) of the bundle. For each test case, a Pareto frontier for different MU size distributions, recruitment orders, and recruitment state transition thresholds is constructed. The results show that there is a complex relationship between overall bundle size, MU size distributions, recruitment orders, and recruitment state transition thresholds corresponding to the best tradeoffs change along the Pareto frontier. Overall, these two case studies validate the use of Henneman’s Size Principle as a variable recruitment strategy, but also demonstrate that it should not be the only variable recruitment method considered. They also motivate the need for a more complex variable recruitment scheme that dynamically changes the recruitment state transition threshold and recruitment order based on loading conditions and known system states, along with a co-design problem that optimizes total bundle size and MU size distribution.
Beyond the single-basket mindset: a multi-gas approach to better constrain overshoot in near term warming
Authors: Miller Julie S , Dreyfus Gabrielle B , Daniel John S , Willis Stephen , Xu Yangyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The remaining carbon budget framework tracks progress towards the Paris Agreement’s goal to limit longer-term warming to well below 2 °C, but no analogous framework exists for constraining mid-century warming. Established single-basket methods of combining gases into CO2-equivalents using Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) lead to ambiguity over what combination of short- and long-lived emissions reductions are needed because they obscure the distinct warming impacts of each. We investigate to what extent a multi-basket approach that separates short-lived and long-lived pollutants can better estimate the likelihood for emission pathways to meet a near-term warming goal. We develop logistic regression models to categorize IPCC emission pathways (AR6) based on whether they exceed a mid-century temperature threshold. We focus on two baskets, using CO2 for long-lived and methane (CH4) for short-lived gases. For comparison, we consider several single-basket approaches (e.g. GWP100, GWP20, GWP*). We further apply our framework to a synthetic dataset covering a broader emissions space. Across both datasets, the two-basket outperforms all single-baskets. Using an illustrative near-term goal (1.7 °C), the two-basket approach reduces the magnitude of overshoot by a factor of 7 compared with the traditional single-basket. The two-basket’s advantage is smaller with the AR6 pathways, which we attribute to the high correlation between CO2 and CH4 emissions and confounding effects from other pollutants. Our results indicate that the two-basket approach better constrains overshoot magnitude, particularly if future emissions deviate from the AR6 assumption of correlated CO2 and CH4 reductions. Our approach allows the determination of a metric value and reduction target in the context of a chosen set of scenarios and temperature threshold; the outcome is a near-term methane-specific emissions budget that can be adopted by decisionmakers in a way that is analogous and complementary to the carbon budget. Future work could consider a third basket for very short-lived pollutants.
Increasing concurrent exposure of global breadbaskets to reproductive heat extremes
Authors: Zhang Hongying , Yu Xiaoge , Qiao Fengxue , Li Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, circumglobal heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent, motivating concerns about the concurrent exposure of global breadbaskets to heat extremes during crop reproductive periods. Here we project the likelihood of concurrent exposure of global breadbaskets of staple crops to widespread reproductive heat extremes. We find that circumglobal reproductive extreme heat exposure would be an agriculturally relevant climate feature in the coming decades. By 2028‒2057 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (with approximately 2 °C warming above preindustrial levels), the probability of major breadbaskets of the world concurrently enduring at least 5 d of reproductive extreme heat over more than half of their croplands in a typical year is projected to rise from virtually unlikely to 0.43 for maize, 0.27 for wheat, 0.33 for rice and soybean. While as of 2050‒2079 (with approximately 3 °C warming above preindustrial levels), these probabilities would grow rapidly to 0.91, 0.83, 0.87, and 0.80, respectively. Should such dramatic increases in circumglobal reproductive extreme heat exposure occur, they could pose substantial stress on food production and agricultural adaptation, particularly when coinciding with agricultural droughts.
Associations of weather and air pollution with objective physical activity and sedentary time before and after bariatric surgery: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Baillot Aurélie , Bernard Paquito , Eddine Jmii Nejm , Thomas J Graham , Schumacher Leah M , Papasavas Pavlos K , Vithiananthan Sivamainthan , Jones Daniel , Bond Dale S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Identifying factors that influence moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) patients is necessary to inform the development of interventions. Weather/environmental factors may be especially important considering rapid climate change and the vulnerability of people with obesity to heat and pollution. Our study aimed to examine the associations of weather (maximal, average and Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures), and air pollution indices (air quality index [AQI]) with daily physical activity (PA) of both light (LPA) and MVPA and sedentary time before and after MBS. Materials and methods. Participants (n = 77) wore an accelerometer at pre- and 3, 6, and 12-months post-MBS to assess LPA/MVPA/ sedentary time (min/d). These data were combined with participants’ local (Boston, MA or Providence, RI, USA) daily weather and AQI data (extracted from federal weather and environmental websites). Results. Multilevel generalized additive models showed inverted U-shaped associations between weather indices and MVPA, with a marked reduction in MVPA for daily maximal temperatures ≥20 °C. Sensitivity analysis showed a less marked decrease of MVPA (min/d) during higher temperatures after versus before MBS. Both MVPA before and after MBS and sedentary time before MBS were negatively impacted by higher AQI levels. Conclusion. This study is the first to show that weather and air pollution indices, even in locations with good AQI and moderate temperatures, are related to variability in activity behaviors, particularly MVPA, during pre- and post-MBS. Weather/environmental conditions should be considered in MVPA prescription/strategies for adults who have undergone MBS.
Analysis and design of compact dual-mode bandpass filter based on modified CSRR with wide stopband for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications
Authors: Boufouss Rachida , Najid Abdellah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a dual-mode bandpass filter with a wide stopband based on modified complementary split-ring resonators for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications is presented. The non-magnetic resonant particle known as a complimentary split ring resonator is used with a host microstrip line with a series gap in order to obtain a bandpass response. Since a complementary split-ring resonator provides a narrow passband, a T-slot has been introduced in the middle of this resonator to obtain dual-mode behavior with controllable bandwidth. Moreover, a pair of stubs are added to the host microstrip line in order to achieve a wide stopband with good out-of-band rejection. The proposed resonator is analyzed, and a bandpass filter is designed to operate at 3.6 GHz to cover the 5G band from 3.4 to 3.8 GHz. The results show that the filter has a low insertion loss, good return loss, and a wide stopband up to 9 GHz with a compact size since its resonator offers a size of 0.1 λ

g
× 0.14 λ

g
where λ

g
is the guided wavelength at 3.6 GHz.
Augmentations of Forman’s Ricci curvature and their applications in community detection
Authors: Fesser Lukas , Serrano de Haro Iváñez Sergio , Devriendt Karel , Weber Melanie , Lambiotte Renaud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The notion of curvature on graphs has recently gained traction in the networks community, with the Ollivier–Ricci curvature (ORC) in particular being used for several tasks in network analysis, such as community detection. In this work, we choose a different approach and study augmentations of the discretization of the Ricci curvature proposed by Forman (AFRC). We empirically and theoretically investigate its relation to the ORC and the un-augmented Forman–Ricci curvature. In particular, we provide evidence that the AFRC frequently gives sufficient insight into the structure of a network to be used for community detection, and therefore provides a computationally cheaper alternative to previous ORC-based methods. Our novel AFRC-based community detection algorithm is competitive with an ORC-based approach.
The Law and Politics of International Human Rights Courts
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec , Sandholtz Wayne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This book examines the law and politics of six regional systems of rights protection: the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States, the African Union, the East African Community, the Economic Community of West African States, and the South African Development Community. Its primary unit of analysis is the system of transnational justice, which is comprised of three elements: (i) a charter of rights, (ii) a court charged with enforcing that the charter; and (iii) a mechanism of judicial review activated by individuals or groups alleging an infringement of their rights by a state party to the regime. The chapter introduces the central analytical framework: “Principal–Agent” (or “delegation”) theory. An international human rights court is an “Agent” of their state “Principals” (those that created them through treaty) but also a “Trustee” of the regime. The chapter defines and discusses the concepts that inform subsequent chapters.
Absolute Rights
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec , Sandholtz Wayne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Absolute rights are “absolute” in that they permit no exceptions. While broadly recognized, the jurisprudence determining their content and scope of application has steadily expanded over time, often contrary to the wishes of the states. Key absolute rights include the right to life; the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; and the right to be free from slavery. The courts have recognized that absolute rights, under certain circumstances, entail the positive obligation for states to protect persons from violations by both state officials and private actors, and to investigate and prosecute violations.
The Qualified Rights
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec , Sandholtz Wayne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the structure of the “qualified” rights and how international human rights courts (IHRCts) adjudicate their “limitation clauses.” Limitation clauses permit states to take and enforce measures that restrict the enjoyment, or scope, of a right, but only for sufficiently important reasons. The IHRCts have rejected approaches that would make of a limitation clause escape hatches for states seeking to avoid their obligations under charters of rights. The adoption of proportionality analysis by IHRCts vastly expanded their supervisory and law-making powers. Case studies presented include rulings involving individual and collective self-determination, abortion and privacy, family law, and indigenous notions of property. Moreover, the non-discrimination norm underpins charters, applying across domains. In some contexts at least, non-discrimination norms now display characteristics usually associated with absolute rights.
Stimulating leisure-time activities and the risk of dementia: a multi-cohort study
Authors: Heikkilä Katriina , Pentti Jaana , Dekhtyar Serhiy , Ervasti Jenni , Fratiglioni Laura , Härkänen Tommi , Kivimäki Mika , Koskinen Seppo , Ngandu Tiia , Stenlund Säde , Suominen Sakari , Vahtera Jussi , Rovio Suvi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Stimulating activities are associated with a decreased risk of dementia. However, the extent to which this reflects a protective effect of activity or non-participation resulting from dementia is debated. We investigated the association of stimulating leisure-time activity in late adulthood with the risk of dementia across up to two decades’ follow-up.

Methods
We used data from five prospective cohort studies from Finland and Sweden. Mental, social, outdoor, consumptive and physical leisure-time activities were self-reported. Incident dementia was ascertained from clinical diagnoses or healthcare and death registers. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Of the 33 263 dementia-free individuals aged ≥50 years at baseline, 1408 had dementia during a mean follow-up of 7.0 years. Active participation in mental (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.65), social (HR: 0.56 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.72), outdoor (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.85), consumptive (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.94) and physical (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.75) activity, as well as variety (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.68) and the overall frequency of activity (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.49) were associated with a reduced risk of dementia in &lt;10 years’ follow-up. In ≥10 years’ follow-up all associations attenuated toward the null.

Conclusion
Stimulating leisure-time activities are associated with a reduced risk of dementia in short-term but not long-term follow-up. These findings may reflect a reduction in leisure-time activity following preclinical dementia or dilution of the association over time.
Serum Myostatin is Associated With Central-to-Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Gradient in Healthy Adolescents: The MACISTE Study
Authors: Curcio R , Nunziangeli L , Nulli Migliola E , Battista F , D’Abbondanza M , Anastasio F , Crapa M E , Sanesi L , Pucci G , Vaudo G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Myostatin is a protein compound, structurally related to the transforming growth factor-beta protein, which plays a pivotal role in regulating muscle growth and extracellular matrix production. It exerts both profibrotic and antihypertrophic effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Aim of the study was to explore the potential association between serum myostatin levels (sMSTN) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV), and their ratio (PWVr), in a cohort of healthy adolescents.

METHODS
A cohort of 128 healthy subjects (mean age 17 ± 2 years, 59% male) was randomly selected from participants to the MACISTE (Metabolic And Cardiovascular Investigation at School, TErni) study. sMSTN was assessed utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PWVs were measured in the supine position using high-fidelity applanation tonometry.

RESULTS
The mean cf-PWV was 5.1 ± 0.9 m/s, cr-PWV was 6.9 ± 0.9 m/s, and PWVr was 0.75 ± 0.12. PWVr exhibited a linear increase across increasing quartiles of sMSTN (0.71 ± 0.1, 0.74 ± 0.1, 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.77 ± 0.1, P for trend = 0.03), whereas the association between sMSTN and each single component of PWVr (cf-PWV, cr-PWV) did not attain statistical significance. Quartiles of sMSTN displayed a positive trend with serum HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01) and a negative one with LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01). In a multivariate linear model, the association between PWVr and sMSTN was independent of SBP values, age, sex, heart rate, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, and HOMA Index

CONCLUSIONS
In healthy adolescents, sMSTN showed independent associations with PWVr, a measure of central-to-peripheral arterial stiffness gradient. sMSTN may exert differential effects on the structural and functional properties of the arterial wall.
Knowledge graph embeddings in the biomedical domain: are they useful? A look at link prediction, rule learning, and downstream polypharmacy tasks
Authors: Gema Aryo Pradipta , Grabarczyk Dominik , De Wulf Wolf , Borole Piyush , Alfaro Javier Antonio , Minervini Pasquale , Vergari Antonio , Rajan Ajitha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Summary
Knowledge graphs (KGs) are powerful tools for representing and organizing complex biomedical data. They empower researchers, physicians, and scientists by facilitating rapid access to biomedical information, enabling the discernment of patterns or insights, and fostering the formulation of decisions and the generation of novel knowledge. To automate these activities, several KG embedding algorithms have been proposed to learn from and complete KGs. However, the efficacy of these embedding algorithms appears limited when applied to biomedical KGs, prompting questions about whether they can be useful in this field. To that end, we explore several widely used KG embedding models and evaluate their performance and applications using a recent biomedical KG, BioKG. We also demonstrate that by using recent best practices for training KG embeddings, it is possible to improve performance over BioKG. Additionally, we address interpretability concerns that naturally arise with such machine learning methods. In particular, we examine rule-based methods that aim to address these concerns by making interpretable predictions using learned rules, achieving comparable performance. Finally, we discuss a realistic use case where a pretrained BioKG embedding is further trained for a specific task, in this case, four polypharmacy scenarios where the goal is to predict missing links or entities in another downstream KGs in four polypharmacy scenarios. We conclude that in the right scenarios, biomedical KG embeddings can be effective and useful.

Availability and implementation
Our code and data is available at https://github.com/aryopg/biokge.
Diastolic dysfunction in hypertension: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Ottosen Camilla Ikast , Nadruz Wilson , Inciardi Riccardo M , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Fudim Marat , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction refers to impaired relaxation or filling of the ventricles during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is common in hypertensive individuals and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. LVDD serves as a critical precursor to heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The pathophysiology of LVDD in hypertension is complex, involving alterations in cardiac structure and function, neurohormonal activation, and vascular stiffness. While the diagnosis of LVDD relies primarily on echocardiography, management remains challenging due to a lack of specific treatment guidelines for LVDD. This review offers an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying LVDD in hypertension, diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations, strategies for managing LVDD, and prospects for future research.