bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasofrontal encephalocele in a child, associated with a nasal dermal sinus in his mother: familial cranial malformations. Illustrative case
Authors: Yabir Ali Mir , Habibi Zohreh , Nejat Farideh , El Khashab Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Dermal sinuses and encephaloceles are uncommon central nervous system malformations. The occurrence of these malformations in different members of a family is very rare.

OBSERVATIONS
This report documents the unique case of a 10-month-old boy with a frontonasal encephalocele, born to a mother with a nasal dermal sinus. These two specific neural tube defects have not been previously reported as occurring between parent and child.

LESSONS
This case demonstrates potential heritable links in central nervous system malformations through the occurrence of a frontonasal encephalocele in a child born to a mother with a dermal sinus. The connection between these two malformations in a heritable manner suggests a potential need for further research into the genetic pathogenesis of such defects to predict them more accurately within families.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE23727
Application of transcranial transmission ultrasound in the detection of vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: illustrative cases
Authors: Schwendner Maximilian , Kram Leonie , Zhang Haosu , Joerger Ann-Kathrin , Liang Raimunde , Negwer Chiara , Meyer Bernhard , Wostrack Maria 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Effective management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) demands vigilant monitoring and treatment, given the risks of complications such as cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs). Transcranial transmission ultrasound (TTUS) is a well-established technique for assessing brain pulsatility. This pilot study aims to explore the utility of TTUS in detecting impaired intracerebral blood flow associated with DINDs.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors examined 2 male patients, ages 45 and 52 years, with aSAH Hunt and Hess grades 4 and 2, respectively, who developed DINDs during their clinical course. Simultaneous recordings of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and TTUS measurements were obtained in the intensive care unit. TTUS analysis revealed abnormal arrhythmic wave patterns during DIND episodes, whereas baseline measurements on DIND-free days showed no abnormalities. Following endovascular spasmolysis, TTUS demonstrated a normalization of abnormal waves, returning to baseline levels, alongside the resolution of neurological symptoms.

LESSONS
TTUS, a noninvasive method for assessing brain pulsatility, shows promise as a novel tool for monitoring aSAH patients, potentially aiding in prompt diagnostics and additional therapeutic interventions. Its capacity to provide further insights for individuals at risk of delayed cerebral ischemia warrants further investigation in clinical studies.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24146
De novo primary malignant lymphoma of the dura following recurrent episodes of subdural abscess presenting as chronic subdural hematoma: illustrative case
Authors: Yagisawa Tomoya , Ibayashi Kenji , Kuroda Rintaro , Koyama Shunsuke , Kanda Yoshinobu , Fukuda Yukiko , Shirai Katsuyuki , Kawata Hirotoshi , Kunii Naoto , Kawai Kensuke 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic inflammation of the thorax, as in tuberculosis-related pyothorax, can cause secondary malignant lymphomas. However, primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system, specifically of the dura mater, developing after intracranial infection or inflammation has rarely been reported. Herein, the authors describe a case of primary dural lymphoma that developed secondary to subdural empyema, with an initial presentation mimicking a chronic subdural hematoma.

OBSERVATIONS
A 51-year-old man had undergone single burr hole drainage for subdural empyema 2 years prior. The patient subsequently underwent multiple craniotomy and drainage procedures, with successful remission of the subdural empyema. He was subsequently referred to the authors’ hospital approximately a year after his initial treatment because of a recollection of subdural fluid, which was suspected to be recurrent empyema. After another single burr hole drainage, which revealed only a subdural hematoma, a histopathological diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma of the dural/subdural membrane was made. Subsequent radiation therapy was completed, with good local control and no recurrence of the subdural hematoma confirmed at 2 months posttreatment.

LESSONS
Intracranial lymphoma triggered by chronic inflammation is rare but should be considered a differential diagnosis in subdural hematomas for which the background pathology is unclear.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24153
Posterior fossa Hodgkin’s lymphoma radiographically mimicking an arteriovenous malformation: illustrative case
Authors: McBriar Joshua D , Papadimitriou Kyriakos , Golub Danielle , Donaldson Hayley , Li Jian Y , Khattar Pallavi , Singer Samuel , Black Karen S , Link Thomas W 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Intracranial Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is an exceedingly rare condition that is at an increased risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement, especially when initial radiographic evidence points to an alternative pathology.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors describe the case of a 75-year-old female who presented with a posterior fossa lesion initially concerning for a vascular malformation on computed tomography imaging due to perilesional hypervascularity. Subsequent angiography revealed a developmental venous anomaly (DVA) but no arteriovenous shunting. The patient’s clinical history combined with magnetic resonance imaging findings prompted a tissue biopsy, which demonstrated a rare case of central nervous system (CNS) HL. The neoangiogenesis of this CNS HL with an adjacent DVA contributed to the original radiographic misdiagnosis of an arteriovenous malformation. HL’s angiogenic potential, coupled with the proangiogenic environment induced around DVAs, may have contributed to this rare CNS HL metastasis to the cerebellum. The potential misdiagnosis of posterior fossa CNS HL has also been seen in several prior cases reviewed herein.

LESSONS
Hypervascular tumors, especially when associated with an adjacent DVA, should also be considered when first evaluating suspected intracranial vascular lesions. Although rare, CNS HL should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with a prior history of HL.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24238
Physiological Adaptation to Altitude: A Comparison of Fast and Slow Ascents to 5,300 m Above Sea Level
Authors: Kelly Clive , Saxena Shireen , Tran Will , Wormauld George , Muza Rhu , Lock Annabel , Viveiros Carla , Touru Sami , Chen Eric , Amato Dominic , Lee Callina , Bhattarai Shankar , Simkhada Raj , Simeone Julian , Parsisson Charlotte , Kelly Kieran 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Rapid ascent to altitudes of over 5,000m above sea level are associated with dramatic changes in adaptive physiology. The effects of a gradual ascent on symptoms, oximetry and heart rate are described, and compared with the effects of a rapid ascent to the same altitude by a comparable cohort.

METHODS: A group of 13 (6 females) representing 10 countries from 5 continents, ascended gradually from Lukla (2,300m) to Everest Base Camp (5,300m) in Nepal over an 8-day period, then descended over a further 4 days. All symptoms and medication were recorded, along with pulse oximetry and heart rate (HR) every 500m of ascent. The results were then compared with those obtained at equivalent altitudes using similar methodology from a fast ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro to an equivalent altitude by a comparable cohort over 4 days.

RESULTS: The gradual ascent group had a median age of 33 years (range 25-66), and all successfully completed the trek. No severe headache, vomiting, orthopnoea nor productive cough occurred, although minor nausea and mild headache was common. Baseline oximetry fell from a median of 96% (93-97%) to a median of 78% (53-86%) at 8 days but recovered to 94% (89-99%) inside 4 days. Corresponding HR rose from a baseline median of 72bpm (57-85) to a median of 103bpm (78-115) at 8 days, then recovered to 80bpm (54-94) after 4 days. Neither age nor gender correlated with outcomes. Individually, HR correlated inversely with oximetry, but there was no group correlation between these two variables. By contrast, a more rapid 4-day ascent from the same starting height, with similar baseline values for HR and oximetry, to the same final altitude was associated with more severe headache, breathlessness, and vomiting. The fast ascent was associated with a significantly more marked reduction in oximetry to a median of 71% (52-76) and an increase in HR to a median of 110bpm (88-140). The fast ascent group also required significantly more medication and rated their experience as less enjoyable.

DISCUSSION: Oxygen desaturation and tachycardia are inevitable consequences of ascending above 5,000m but the degree to which this occurs can be reduced by slowing ascent times and taking rest days every 1,000m of ascent. This practice is associated with fewer symptoms and greater safety, with less need for either prophylactic or therapeutic medication. Careful consideration should be given to rates of ascent when climbing to altitudes at or above 5,000m.
Analisis Pengaruh Boost Pressure After Cooler Terhadap Performance Engine MTU 16V4000
Authors: Kurniawan Yudi , Arwin  , Amin Mohamad , Paundara Fajar , Rojikin Setiyo 
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan teknologi semakin cepat, kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat, dan bahan baku semakin langka sehingga menyebabkan kenaikan harga. Untuk mengatasi krisis permintaan energi yang semakin meningkat, diperlukan alternatif lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Salah satunya dengan mengganti sumber energi lama dengan sumber energi lain seperti batu bara. Unit dump truck khususnya EH 4500 digunakan untuk mengangkut material baik berupa tanah maupun batubara menuju disposal. EH 4500 menggunakan mesin MTU 16V4000kk33. Perawatan rutin dilakukan pada mesin MTU 16V4000 untuk menjaga kondisi performa engine. Pemeliharaan yang dilakukan selain pemeliharaan adalah overhaul dan reuse. Studi juga dilakukan untuk memastikan efektivitas menggunakan metode literatur dan manual engine MTU 16V4000 sebagai dasar penelitian. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja maksimum dicapai dengan beban maksimum. Engine dengan CAC baru menghasilkan tenaga 2020 kW pada beban 100%, sedangkan mesin dengan CAC re-use menghasilkan tenaga 1983 kW pada beban 100%.
The Influence of Reciprocity and Trust on Satisfaction of Members of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia: A Social Capital Perspective
Authors: Bhinekawati Risa , Yunita Patria 
Published: July 2024

Islamic Micro Finance Institution in the form of sharia cooperatives called Baitul Maal wa Tamil or BMT have grown significantly in Indonesia in the past four decades, and have contributed to improvements of livelihood of their members and poverty eradication. Using the social capital theory, this study aims to investigate whether trust and reciprocity are factors that influence satisfaction of members BMTs in Indonesia. The study gathered 200 respondents from eight sharia cooperatives in six provinces of Indonesia. Using multiple regression models, the collected data was tested and further analyzed using SPSS 24.0 Software. This research found that Reciprocity and Trust have a positive and significant influence on the Satisfaction of sharia cooperative members. Sharia cooperative management can apply the results of this research to improve cooperative performance by building mutually beneficial and trusting relationships with its members. The results of this study can be generalized to sharia cooperatives, while the application to conventional cooperatives needs to be further studied. This research provides empirical evidence for the application of Social Capital Theory in explaining the factors influencing the satisfaction of sharia cooperative members that was not studied before.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Flattering in Some Selected Literary Texts
Authors: Shanshool Ashwaq Habeeb 
Published: July 2024

This study aims at conducting a pragmatic analysis of speech acts expressing flattering in some selected literary texts (Hamlet). Flattering is used to express encouragement, which is false positive evaluation. Flattering assumes the effect of the listener’s feelings, actions and thoughts via the speech acts offlattering. Flattery is a social phenomenon that treads a fine line between acceptable and unacceptable social behavior and brings forward the strategic element of language use. Although flattery was studied in different areas but pragmatic literature has not addressed the phenomenon, despite its potential to inform the interpretive process participants engage in when evaluating politeness strategies in interactions. A pragmatic methodology was used to collect the data. The results of this study show how the characters judge an action to be flattery, what (verbal) acts count as flattery, and the functions of flattery in interactions.
Estrategias metodológicas basadas en el método de las escuelas lectoras para el tratamiento de las interferencias entre la lengua española y Kichwa en los estudiantes de tercer año de E.G.B del CECIB Sergio Núñez
Authors: Suntasig Ronquillo Luis Fernando , Suntasig Calvopiña Wendy Judith , Piñera Concepción Yadyra de la Caridad , Martínez Isaac Roger 
Published: July 2024

Resumen: Las estrategias metodológicas basadas en el método de las escuelas lectoras para el tratamiento de las interferencias lingüísticas entre el idioma kichwa y español constituye un desafío permanente. Objetivo: Socializar una estrategia metodológica, basada en el método de las escuelas lectoras, para el tratamiento de las interferencias entre la lengua española y kichwa del tercer año EGB del CECIB “Sergio Núñez”. Metodología: La investigación se centra en el enfoque mixto, porque se integran sistemáticamente los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos en un solo estudio, además, se trabaja con grupos humanos buscando el cambio y la transformación, según el paradigma crítico-propositivo, que posibilita la generación de aprendizajes constructivistas. Se proyecta de manera cuantitativa porque corresponde a un estudio integrado que plantea una propuesta en torno a los procesos de lectura y escritura, focalizados en la disminución de las interferencias lingüísticas entre la lengua español y kichwa. Resultados: Siendo el objeto de estudio el tratamiento de las interferencias lingüísticas entre la lengua española y kichwa, se puede establecer que la estrategia metodológica propuesta basada en el método de las escuelas lectoras permite: Comprender mejor la realidad lingüística del Ecuador, ya que proporciona un marco teórico y metodológico para estudiar la interferencia del kichwa en el español ecuatoriano. Contribuir a la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua, pudiendo ser utilizada para diseñar materiales y actividades de enseñanza que tomen en cuenta la interferencia del kichwa. Promover el uso del kichwa con lo cual se contribuye a fortalecer el uso de un idioma autóctono en la sociedad ecuatoriana. Conclusiones: La implementación de una estrategia metodológica basada en el método de escuelas lectoras, con aplicación sistemática en las escuelas rurales bilingües de Ecuador, puede ser una solución pedagógica y didáctica de gran valor, como demuestra esta investigación, a través de la consulta de especialistas en la cual los profesionales implicados han dado su voto a favor, por la pertinencia y factibilidad del resultado científico. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Subnivel Elemental – Lengua literatura. Tipo de estudio: Artículos originales.
Structural and electronic properties of GaN: Ab initio study within LDA and LDA+U methods
Authors: Hadiyeva Aynure , Jafarova Vusala 
Published: July 2024

Structural and electronic properties of the GaN were simulated based on Density Functional Theory implementing Local Density Approximation methods. Hubbard U correction gives us an opportunity to find the correct energy gap for GaN in agreement with known experimental results. Choosing more accurate investigation methods leads to calculating accurate electronic band structure and in the future predicting some physical properties of related material. The bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band are formed mainly by p-orbitals of host Ga and N atoms. The present study shows the direct band gap character of GaN with a wurtzite structure
Trauma promotes heparan sulfate modifications and cleavage that disrupt homeostatic gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Richter Robert P. , Odum James D. , Margaroli Camilla , Cardenas Jessica C. , Zheng Lei , Tripathi Kaushlendra , Wang Zhangjie , Arnold Katelyn , Sanderson Ralph D. , Liu Jian , Richter Jillian R. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:Heparan sulfate (HS) in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a critical regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. Trauma results in HS shedding from the eGC, but the impact of trauma on HS structural modifications that could influence mechanisms of vascular injury and repair has not been evaluated. Moreover, the effect of eGC HS shedding on endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work were to characterize the impact of trauma on HS sulfation and determine the effect of eGC HS shedding on the transcriptional landscape of vascular ECs.Methods:Plasma was collected from 25 controls and 49 adults admitted to a level 1 trauma center at arrival and 24 h after hospitalization. Total levels of HS and angiopoietin-2, a marker of pathologic EC activation, were measured at each time point. Enzymatic activity of heparanase, the enzyme responsible for HS shedding, was determined in plasma from hospital arrival. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize HS di-/tetrasaccharides in plasma.In vitrowork was performed using flow conditioned primary human lung microvascular ECs treated with vehicle or heparinase III to simulate human heparanase activity. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to determine differentially expressed gene-enriched pathways following heparinase III treatment.Results:We found that heparanase activity was increased in trauma plasma relative to controls, and HS levels at arrival were elevated in a manner proportional to injury severity. Di-/tetrasaccharide analysis revealed lower levels of 3-O-sulfated tetramers with a concomitant increase in ΔIIIS and ΔIIS disaccharides following trauma. Admission levels of total HS and specific HS sulfation motifs correlated with 24-h angiopoietin-2 levels, suggesting an association between HS shedding and persistent, pathological EC activation. In vitro pathway analysis demonstrated downregulation of genes that support cell junction integrity, EC polarity, and EC senescence while upregulating genes that promote cell differentiation and proliferation following HS shedding.Discussion:Taken together, our findings suggest that HS cleavage associated with eGC injury may disrupt homeostatic EC signaling and influence biosynthetic mechanisms governing eGC repair. These results require validation in larger, multicenter trauma populations coupled within vivoEC-targeted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.
Cellular and functional evaluation of LDLR missense variants reported in hypercholesterolemic patients demonstrates their hypomorphic impacts on trafficking and LDL internalization
Authors: Jawabri Aseel A. , John Anne , Ghattas Mohammad A. , Mahgoub Radwa E. , Hamad Mohammad I. K. , Barakat Maha T. , Shobi Bindu , Daggag Hinda , Ali Bassam R. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased LDL-cholesterol levels. About 85% of FH cases are caused by LDLR mutations encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it undergoes post-translational modifications and then transported through Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Over 2900 LDLR variants have been reported in FH patients with limited information on the pathogenicity and functionality of many of them. This study aims to elucidate the cellular trafficking and functional implications of LDLR missense variants identified in suspected FH patients using biochemical and functional methods.MethodsWe used HeLa, HEK293T, and LDLR-deficient-CHO-ldlA7 cells to evaluate the subcellular localization and LDL internalization of ten LDLR missense variants (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.C243Y, p.E277K, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D477N, p.D622G, p.R744Q, and p.R814Q) reported in multiethnic suspected FH patients. We also analyzed the functional impact of three variants (p.D445E, p.D482H, and p.C677F), two of which previously shown to be retained in the ER.ResultsWe show that p.D622G, p.D482H, and p.C667F are largely retained in the ER whereas p.R744Q is partially retained. The other variants were predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. LDL internalization assays in CHO-ldlA7 cells indicate that p.D482H, p.C243Y, p.D622G, and p.C667F have quantitatively lost their ability to internalize Dil-LDL with the others (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D445E, p.D477N, p.R744Q and p.R814Q) showing significant losses except for p.E277K which retained full activity. However, the LDL internalization assay is only to able evaluate the impact of the variants on LDL internalization and not the exact functional defects such as failure to bind LDL. The data represented illustrate the hypomorphism nature of variants causing FH which may explain some of the variable expressivity of FH.ConclusionOur combinatorial approach of in silico, cellular, and functional analysis is a powerful strategy to determine pathogenicity and FH disease mechanisms which may provide opportunitites for novel therapeutic strategies.
Sliding mode control strategy of grid-forming energy storage converter with fast active support of frequency and voltage
Authors: Hu Chen , Chen Haiyan , Tang Aihong 
Published: July 2024

The random fluctuation of renewable power generation output makes the frequency and voltage of distribution network fluctuate frequently. And the stable operation performance of the system is decreased. Therefore, the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy of grid-forming (GFM) energy storage converter with fast active support of frequency and voltage is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control possessing the superior GFM performance is applied to single-stage neutral point clamped (NPC) converter of energy storage system. Meantime, the improved comprehensive equivalent circuit model of lithium iron phosphate battery and equivalent model of converter are constructed by means of ampere-hour method and Kirchhoff’s law. Then, the SMC with fast response and strong robustness is utilized into the current inner-loop controller. Combined with VSG control, the SMC strategy of GFM energy storage converter is proposed, so that the converter could play an active supporting role by quickly adjusting the output power while the frequency and voltage are reduced. Finally, the simulation model of GFM energy storage converter SMC system is established. Through the simulation analyses, it can be seen that the response time of the proposed strategy to complete the active support is about 0.65 s.