bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compter et raconter les catastrophes
Authors: Revet Sandrine 
Published: May 2015

RÉSUMÉ Depuis les années 1980, l’institutionnalisation progressive d’un gouvernement mondial des catastrophes s’appuie sur un ensemble de chiffres compilés dans des bases de données. L’article s’intéresse à deux d’entre elles : EM-DAT, produite par le CRED, et Desinventar, produite par La Red. Chacune élabore à sa façon et à l’aide de traductions un récit des catastrophes, et une sorte de dialogue s’établit entre elles, qui nous parle des différentes dimensions du monde « catastrophé ».
Une mission syrienne. Témoignage
Authors: Leduc Caroline 
Published: May 2015

Quelle valeur donner aux dispositifs de prise en charge psychologique qui interviennent dans le temps même de la guerre, alors que les civils auxquels ils s’adressent continuent à en subir les effets délétères ? Que peut-on en attendre, au-delà de l’affichage politique vertueux qui initie souvent de telles interventions ? On tâchera d’en faire l’épreuve au travers de la présentation d’une mission au sein d’un hôpital militaire français situé dans le camp de réfugiés syriens de Za’atari, au Nord de la Jordanie. Les modalités atypiques de cette opération humanitaire ont conduit à construire un dispositif expérimental, défini à partir de ses limites : fonction non médicale du psychologue, temporalité spécifique, différence des cultures et des langues. Des vignettes cliniques permettront d’articuler les enjeux et les visées du dispositif aux effets qu’il a produit.
Immune Tolerance Induction with Multiepitope Peptide Derived from Citrullinated Autoantigens Attenuates Arthritis Manifestations in Adjuvant Arthritis Rats
Authors: Gertel Smadar , Serre Guy , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Amital Howard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Citrullinated peptides are major targets of disease-specific autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, citrullinated peptides are used as biomarkers for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis by measuring anti-citrullinated protein Ab (ACPA) titers in patients’ sera. The accumulation of citrullinated proteins at synovial inflammation sites suggests that they are possible targets for tolerance induction. The objective of the present study was to determine whether citrullinated peptides could induce tolerance in an experimental arthritis model in rats. In view of the multiplicity of target citrullinated autoantigens described for ACPA, we generated a multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME), derived from major prevalent citrullinated autoantigens (citrullinated filaggrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen type II), and studied its effects on arthritic rats. Adjuvant-induced arthritis was induced in Lewis rats. Beginning at day 7 after disease induction, the rats received eight s.c. injections of Cit-ME on alternate days. Differences in clinical status and modulation of T cell populations were analyzed. In adjuvant-induced arthritis rats treated with Cit-ME, disease severity was significantly reduced compared with that of untreated rats. Moreover, amelioration of disease manifestations was related to an increased regulatory T cell subset and an elevated apoptosis rate of T cells associated with reduced Th17 cells. Thus, the use of citrullinated peptides–based immunotherapy may be a promising approach for tolerance induction in experimental arthritis and perhaps even in susceptible individuals that are ACPA-seropositive in human arthritis.
IRF-1 Promotes Liver Transplant Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Hepatocyte IL-15/IL-15Rα Production
Authors: Yokota Shinichiro , Yoshida Osamu , Dou Lei , Spadaro Anthony V. , Isse Kumiko , Ross Mark A. , Stolz Donna B. , Kimura Shoko , Du Qiang , Demetris Anthony J. , Thomson Angus W. , Geller David A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury following liver transplantation (LTx) is an important problem that significantly impacts clinical outcomes. IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a critical role in liver injury. Our objective was to determine the immunomodulatory role of IRF-1 during I/R injury following allogeneic LTx. IRF-1 was induced in liver grafts immediately after reperfusion in both human and mouse LTx. IRF-1 contributed significantly to I/R injury because IRF-1–knockout (KO) grafts displayed much less damage as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase and histology. In vitro, IRF-1 regulated both constitutive and induced expression of IL-15, as well as IL-15Rα mRNA expression in murine hepatocytes and liver dendritic cells. Specific knockdown of IRF-1 in human primary hepatocytes gave similar results. In addition, we identified hepatocytes as the major producer of soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes in the liver. IRF-1–KO livers had significantly reduced NK, NKT, and CD8+ T cell numbers, whereas rIL-15/IL-15Rα restored these immune cells, augmented cytotoxic effector molecules, promoted systemic inflammatory responses, and exacerbated liver injury in IRF-1–KO graft recipients. These results indicate that IRF-1 promotes LTx I/R injury via hepatocyte IL-15/IL-15Rα production and suggest that targeting IRF-1 and IL-15/IL-15Rα may be effective in reducing I/R injury associated with LTx.
CXCL14 Displays Antimicrobial Activity against Respiratory Tract Bacteria and Contributes to Clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Dai Chen , Basilico Paola , Cremona Tiziana Patrizia , Collins Paul , Moser Bernhard , Benarafa Charaf , Wolf Marlene 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
CXCL14 is a chemokine with an atypical, yet highly conserved, primary structure characterized by a short N terminus and high sequence identity between human and mouse. Although it induces chemotaxis of monocytic cells at high concentrations, its physiological role in leukocyte trafficking remains elusive. In contrast, several studies have demonstrated that CXCL14 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide that is expressed abundantly and constitutively in epithelial tissues. In this study, we further explored the antimicrobial properties of CXCL14 against respiratory pathogens in vitro and in vivo. We found that CXCL14 potently killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a dose-dependent manner in part through membrane depolarization and rupture. By performing structure-activity studies, we found that the activity against Gram-negative bacteria was largely associated with the N-terminal peptide CXCL141–13. Interestingly, the central part of the molecule representing the β-sheet also maintained ∼62% killing activity and was sufficient to induce chemotaxis of THP-1 cells. The C-terminal α-helix of CXCL14 had neither antimicrobial nor chemotactic effect. To investigate a physiological function for CXCL14 in innate immunity in vivo, we infected CXCL14-deficient mice with lung pathogens and we found that CXCL14 contributed to enhanced clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our comprehensive studies reflect the complex bactericidal mechanisms of CXCL14, and we propose that different structural features are relevant for the killing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Taken together, our studies show that evolutionary-conserved features of CXCL14 are important for constitutive antimicrobial defenses against pneumonia.
Candida albicansStimulates IL-23 Release by Human Dendritic Cells and Downstream IL-17 Secretion by Vδ1 T Cells
Authors: Maher Christina O. , Dunne Katie , Comerford Ross , O’Dea Siobhán , Loy Aisling , Woo James , Rogers Thomas R. , Mulcahy Fiona , Dunne Pádraic J. , Doherty Derek G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstractγδ T cells expressing the Vδ1 TCR are expanded in patients with HIV infection. We show in this article that circulating Vδ1 T cell numbers are particularly high in patients with HIV and candidiasis, and that these cells expand and produce IL-17 in response to Candida albicans in vitro. Although C. albicans could directly stimulate IL-17 production by a subset of Vδ1 T cells, fungus-treated dendritic cells (DCs) were required to expand C. albicans–responsive Vδ1 T cells to generate sufficient numbers of cells to release IL-17 at levels detectable by ELISA. C. albicans induced the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 by DCs, but addition of these cytokines or supernatants of C. albicans–treated DCs to Vδ1 T cells was not sufficient to induce proliferation. We found that direct contact with DCs was required for Vδ1 T cell proliferation, whereas IL-23R–blocking studies showed that IL-23 was required for optimal C. albicans–induced IL-17 production. Because IL-17 affords protection against both HIV and C. albicans, and because Vδ1 T cells are not depleted by HIV, these cells are likely to be an important source of IL-17 in HIV-infected patients with candidiasis, in whom CD4+ Th17 responses are impaired. These data show that C. albicans stimulates proliferation and IL-17 production by Vδ1 T cells by a mechanism that involves IL-23 release by DCs.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Critical Factor in Macrophage Endotoxin Tolerance
Authors: Hoppstädter Jessica , Kessler Sonja M. , Bruscoli Stefano , Huwer Hanno , Riccardi Carlo , Kiemer Alexandra K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Induction of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) by glucocorticoids plays a key role in their anti-inflammatory action. In activated macrophages, GILZ levels are downregulated via tristetraprolin-mediated GILZ mRNA destabilization. To assess the functional significance of GILZ downregulation, we generated myeloid-specific GILZ knockout (KO) mice. GILZ-deficient macrophages displayed a higher responsiveness toward LPS, as indicated by increased TNF-α and IL-1β expression. This effect was due to an activation of ERK, which was significantly amplified in GILZ KO cells. The LPS-induced activation of macrophages is attenuated upon pretreatment of macrophages with low-dose LPS, an effect termed endotoxin tolerance. In LPS-tolerant macrophages, GILZ mRNA was stabilized, whereas ERK activation was strongly decreased. In contrast, GILZ KO macrophages exhibited a strongly reduced desensitization. To explore the contribution of GILZ expression in macrophages to endotoxin tolerance in vivo, we treated GILZ KO mice with repeated i.p. injections of low-dose LPS followed by treatment with high-dose LPS. LPS pretreatment resulted in reduced proinflammatory mediator expression upon high-dose LPS treatment in serum and tissues. In contrast, cytokine induction was preserved in tolerized GILZ KO animals. In summary, our data suggest that GILZ is a key regulator of macrophage functions.
GIMAP GTPase Family Genes: Potential Modifiers in Autoimmune Diabetes, Asthma, and Allergy
Authors: Heinonen Mirkka T. , Laine Antti-Pekka , Söderhäll Cilla , Gruzieva Olena , Rautio Sini , Melén Erik , Pershagen Göran , Lähdesmäki Harri J. , Knip Mikael , Ilonen Jorma , Henttinen Tiina A. , Kere Juha , Lahesmaa Riitta ,   The Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Registry, Knip Mikael , Groop Per-Henrik , Ilonen Jorma , Lappi Anneli , Otonkoski Timo , Saha Marja-Terrtu , Simell Olli , Talvitie Timo , Vaarala Outi , Veijola Riitta , Aito Henrikka , Bondestam Jonas , Dahllund Thomas , Granvik Johanna , Haapalehto-Ikonen Maarit , Hämäläinen Anu-Maaria , Huopio Hanna , Johansson Christian , Kinnala Anne , Korhonen Jussi , Korpela Paavo , Korteniemi Maarit , Lautala Pentti , Lindström Kaija , Miettinen Päivi , Mustila Taina , Nuuja Anja , Nykänen Päivi , Ojanperä Jussi , Putto-Laurila Anne , Saha Marja-Terttu , Sankila Juhani , Suomi Anne-Maarit , Tenhola Sirpa , Varimo Pentti , Veijola Riitta , Virransalo Ritva , Vuolukka Pentti , Ylitalo Samuli 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGTPase of the immunity-associated protein (GIMAP) family members are differentially regulated during human Th cell differentiation and have been previously connected to immune-mediated disorders in animal studies. GIMAP4 is believed to contribute to the Th cell subtype–driven immunological balance via its role in T cell survival. GIMAP5 has a key role in BB-DR rat and NOD mouse lymphopenia. To elucidate GIMAP4 and GIMAP5 function and role in human immunity, we conducted a study combining genetic association in different immunological diseases and complementing functional analyses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging the GIMAP haplotype variation were genotyped in Finnish type 1 diabetes (T1D) families and in a prospective Swedish asthma and allergic sensitization birth cohort. Initially, GIMAP5 rs6965571 was associated with risk for asthma and allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR] 3.74, p = 0.00072, and OR 2.70, p = 0.0063, respectively) and protection from T1D (OR 0.64, p = 0.0058); GIMAP4 rs13222905 was associated with asthma (OR 1.28, p = 0.035) and allergic sensitization (OR 1.27, p = 0.0068). However, after false discovery rate correction for multiple testing, only the associations of GIMAP4 with allergic sensitization and GIMAP5 with asthma remained significant. In addition, transcription factor binding sites surrounding the associated loci were predicted. A gene–gene interaction in the T1D data were observed between the IL2RA rs2104286 and GIMAP4 rs9640279 (OR 1.52, p = 0.0064) and indicated between INS rs689 and GIMAP5 rs2286899. The follow-up functional analyses revealed lower IL-2RA expression upon GIMAP4 knockdown and an effect of GIMAP5 rs2286899 genotype on protein expression. Thus, the potential role of GIMAP4 and GIMAP5 as modifiers of immune-mediated diseases cannot be discarded.
Computational andin vitroInvestigation of miRNA-Gene Regulations in Retinoblastoma Pathogenesis: miRNA Mimics Strategy
Authors: Venkatesan Nalini , Deepa Perinkulam Ravi , Khetan Vikas , Krishnakumar Subramanian 
Published: May 2015

PurposeRetinoblastoma (RB), a primary pediatric intraocular tumor, arises from primitive retinal layers. Several novel molecular strategies are being developed for the clinical management of RB. miRNAs are known to regulate cancer-relevant biological processes. Here, the role of selected miRNAs, namely, miR-532-5p and miR-486-3p, has been analyzed for potential therapeutic targeting in RB.MethodsA comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the posttranscriptional regulators (miRNAs) of the select panel of genes [Group 1: oncogenes (HMGA2, MYCN, SYK, FASN); Group 2: cancer stem cell markers (TACSTD, ABCG2, CD133, CD44, CD24) and Group 3: cell cycle regulatory proteins (p53, MDM2)] using Microcosm, DIANALAB, miRBase v 18, and REFSEQ database, and RNA hybrid. The expressions of five miRNAs, namely, miR-146b-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-328, and miR-486-3p, were analyzed by qRT-PCR on primary RB tumor samples (n = 30; including 17 invasive RB tumors and 13 noninvasive RB tumors). Detailed complementary alignment between 5’ seed sequence of differentially expressed miRNAs and the sequence of target genes was determined. Based on minimum energy level and piCTAR scores, the gene targets were selected. Functional roles of these miRNA clusters were studied by using mimics in cultured RB (Y79, Weri Rb-1) cells in vitro. The gene targets (SYK and FASN) of the studied miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and apoptotic studies were performed.ResultsNearly 1948 miRNAs were identified in the in silico analysis, From this list, only 9 upregulated miRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-305, miR-663b, miR-299, miR-532-5p, miR-892b, miR-501, miR-142-5p, and miR-513b) and 10 downregulated miRNAs (miR-1254, miR-328, miR-133a, miR-1287, miR-1299, miR-375, miR-486-3p, miR-720, miR-98, and miR-122*) were found to be common with the RB serum miRNA profile. Downregulation of five miRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-328, and miR-486-3p) was confirmed experimentally. Predicted common oncogene targets (SYK and FASN) of miR-486-3p and miR-532-5p were evaluated for their mRNA and protein expression in these miRNA mimic-treated RB cells. Experimental overexpression of these miRNAs mediated apoptotic cell death without significantly altering the cell cycle in RB cells.ConclusionKey miRNAs in RB pathogenesis were identified by an in silico approach. Downregulation of miR-486-3p and miR-532-5p in primary retinoblastoma tissues implicates their role in tumorigenesis. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of these miRNA was established by the miRNA mimic strategy.
“The Peculiar Immediacy of Image”
Authors: Cycholl Garin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article follows mythologies of the American West in Arthur Miller's story, The Misfits, as the piece develops from short story to eventual long story and screenplay in the late 1950s. Given its formal play, the screenplay (Miller's first) allowed the writer to reconsider forms such as the “American tragedy” or what Miller labeled the “eastern western.” Engaging the historical context of Cold War and Miller's own autobiography, the argument here examines links between The Misfits' formal inventions as it maps a shrinking American West.
Iron Poe
Authors: Dern John A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Like his other tales and stories, Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” lends itself to rhetorical analysis. In fact, the story's “air of method” derives in large part from the sophisticated rhetoric of Poe's protagonist, C. Auguste Dupin. However, this “air of method” masks a suggestion of madness in Poe's story of ratiocination. Putting aside the story's principal theme of ratiocination, the heavy metal band Iron Maiden looks behind Poe's “air of method” and develops the theme of madness in its song “Murders in the Rue Morgue,” whose unreliable narrator is reminiscent of Poe's narrator in “The Tell-Tale Heart.” Thus, instead of an “air of method,” the song, with its frenzied tempo, possesses an “air of madness.” Nonetheless, the narrator's rhetoric is as important to the song as Dupin's rhetoric is to Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue.” The song, in short, is the scene behind the scene. “Murders in the Rue Morgue” adapts a narrator not unlike Poe's narrator in “The Tell-Tale Heart” to a setting not unlike the setting of Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue.”
Introduction: Reciprocity and the Normativity of Legal Orders
Authors: Lindahl Hans , van Klink Bart 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Reciprocity and the Normativity of Legal Orders
This contribution introduces the special issue, which contains a selection of the lectures delivered by key-note speakers during the Summer School organized by the editors in August, 2013, at the behest of the Section of Ethics & Practical Philosophy of the Dutch Research School of Philosophy (OZSW).
Idealized versus Real-Life Reciprocity: How to Strike the Balance?
Authors: Komter Aafke Elisabeth 
Published: May 2015

Idealized versus Real-Life Reciprocity: How to Strike the Balance?
Rawls’s ’idealized’ notion of reciprocity is compared with the ’real-life’ concept of reciprocity as it has been developed in social scientific theory. The two perspectives appear to differ significantly as concerns dimensions related to equality, human motivation, the temporal aspects of reciprocity, and the supposed mental origin of reciprocity. Whereas norms of obligation and feelings of moral indebtedness are constitutive for reciprocity in real-life encounters, equality, freedom and rationality are the basis for reciprocity in the hypothetical world of the ’conjectural account’. Rather than being fundamentally incompatible, the idealized and the real-life perspectives on reciprocity seem to apply to different spheres of social life, the first requiring greater formality and universality than the second, which allows for more variation and particularities.
Detentie en gevolgen van detentie
Authors: Beyens Kristel , Dirkzwager Anja , Korf Dirk 
Published: May 2015

Detention and the consequences of detention: research in the Netherlands and Belgium
Prison policy in Belgium and the Netherlands is changing rapidly. While Belgium struggles with a persisting prison overcrowding, the Netherlands strongly cuts back on the prison system and is closing an increasing number of prisons. This introductory article to a special issue on detention starts with a short outline of recent changes in Dutch and Belgian prison policy, focusing on developments in detention capacity and prison population. Subsequently we present an overview of empirical criminological research in the Netherlands and Belgium, situated within the international literature, with a specific focus on studies regarding life in detention and effects of detention on prisoners' lives and on their social environment. Finally, we reflect upon existing detention research in both countries, e.g. in terms of gaps in research topics and methodology, and discuss some future developments.
Zedenmannen, zoetwatermatrozen en zware jongens
Authors: Beckmann Maaike 
Published: May 2015

Dons, daddies and diaper snipers. An empirical study on gender hierarchies among Belgian male inmates
Male inmate subcultures can be described as highly gendered settings where power relationships are based on a hierarchical gender order. Cultural idealized forms of masculinity provide an important foundation for these hierarchical rankings. Notions of hegemonic and subordinate masculinities offer a valuable theoretical framework for explaining the power relations and pecking order among male inmates. Drawing on observations and qualitative semi-structured interviews with prisoners in a medium-size Belgian male prison, this article analyses the various intermale dominance hierarchies among inmates and the discourses in which they are embedded: type of offence, social conduct, individual characteristics of the prisoners and the possession of different forms of capital. This article both stresses and nuances the importance of offence categories by explaining how hierarchical status can be enhanced through social performance and acting in accordance with the prison code. Additionally, it describes how hierarchical arrangements operate in the daily practice of prison life through spatial norms.
Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction vs TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction: Solving Problems in a More Simple Way
Authors: Monica Drucker-Zertuche  , Armen Stankov  
Published: May 2015

Background: The surgical management of breast cancer is clearly evolving towards less invasive procedures. We are turning away from high priced medicine and are turning toward solving problems in more practical, simple and inexpensive ways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate breast reconstruction with expanders and implants versus pedicled TRAM Flaps in terms of costs, complication rates, revision rates, operating room time, length of hospital stay and number of secondary procedures. Methods: A review of 152 immediate breast reconstructions over a 10 year period from april 2000 and December 2010 performed at our Institution, reconstructive techniques included TRAM Flaps in 70 patients and tissue expanders followed by implants in 82 patients. Results: In the TRAM Flap group the mean operative time was 5.1 hours, the mean length of hospital stay was 4.2 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (8.5%). In the implant based group the mean operative time was 2.6 hours (including the mastectomy), the mean length of hospital stay was 1.9 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (7.3%). On the basis of this review of autologous and prosthetic breast reconstruction in a 10 year period with a mean follow up time of 5.1 years for both groups, prosthetic reconstruction was significantly less expensive.