bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust mitigation of selfish misbehavior in wireless networks
Authors: Khoshabi Nobar Sina , Musevi Niya Javad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMedium access standards rely on complete cooperation of network nodes to provide fair access to common medium. But a selfish user can manipulate its network adapter to gain more access to valuable network resources. Existence of a selfish node in a network can severely degrade performance of well‐behaved nodes. As a result, these well‐behaved nodes experience drastic throughput drop and large amount of delay. In this paper, a modification to IEEE 802.11 MAC layer is proposed, which reduces the cheating possibility of the selfish node. In the proposed method, next transmitter is selected by current receiver and announced to neighbor nodes. This selection is based on channel usage ratio of neighbor nodes. The specified transmitter starts its transmission immediately after current transmission regardless of its backoff value. Main advantages of the proposed method over existing ones are its capability to mitigate various selfish misbehaviors, robustness against adaptive selfish strategies (a selfish node with ability to change its strategy to deceive security system), and high resiliency against aggressive selfish node (a node with high intention to do selfish behavior). Also, in absence of any selfish node, proposed method does not disturb normal operation of the network. If the proposed method is employed, performance of the network (in terms of throughput of well‐behaved nodes and fairness) is approximately not affected in presence of selfish node. This improvement in performance metrics is illustrated by simulating various strategies for selfish node and comparing the results with similar approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of a Snub Bisphenoidal Environment of Strontium in Bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole]strontium Bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolate] by Strong Hydrogen Bridges
Authors: Schowtka Björn , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMetalation of 3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole (1) with [(thf)2Sr{N(SiMe3)2}2] in toluene and recrystallization from tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether yields ether‐free bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole]strontium bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolate] (2). This complex contains an octa‐coordinate central strontium atom in a snub bisphenoidal coordination sphere. Intramolecular N···H···N hydrogen bridges between pyrazolyl groups stabilize the large coordination number of the alkaline earth metal. Short N···N contacts of 272.5 and 274.5 pm verify the existence of strong hydrogen bridges; the chemical shift of δ = 19.7 for these protons underlines their extremely acidic character.
On the Structure and Stability of BaAl4‐Type Ordered Derivatives in the Sr–Au–Sn System for the 600 °C Section
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Zhang Yuemei , Taufour Valentin , Lamichhane Tej Nath , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C. , Dennis Kevin , Miller Gordon 
Published: December 2014

Abstract The well‐known BaAl4‐type structure consists of three ordered ternary derivatives, i.e., BaNiSn3‐ (I4mm), ThCr2Si2‐ (I4/mmm), and CaBe2Ge2‐type (P4/nmm). Few systems, such as Ba‐Au‐Sn, have been confirmed to manifest all three types as a function of valence electron count. In this work, the SrAuxSn4–x solid solution at the 600 °C section was studied thoroughly using both single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structures and phase width for the CaBe2Ge2‐type SrAuxSn4–x solid solution were established to be a = 4.6528(2)–4.6233(3) Å and c = 11.3753(4)–11.2945(10) Å for x ≈ 1.65(1)–2.19(1). In the structure of SrAu2Sn2, no Au/Sn mixing was found, but for x < 2 compositions, Au/Sn mixings were only located at the Wyckoff 2a (¾ ¼ 0) site and for x > 2 compositions, at the 2b (¾ ¼ ½) site. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicated that no phase transition occurred for the CaBe2Ge2‐type SrAuxSn4–x phase up to 950 °C. Attempts to synthesize the ThCr2Si2‐ and BaNiSn3‐type SrAuxSn4–x phases under the same reaction conditions were unsuccessful, and the BaNiSn3‐type phase could not be attained even at a pressure of 3 GPa. The instability of a BaNiSn3‐type “SrAuSn3” was investigated by both DSC measurements and first principles electronic structure calculations.
Implementing an Enhanced Recovery Program After Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Elderly Patients: Is It Feasible?
Authors: Coolsen Mariëlle M. E. , Bakens Maikel , van Dam Ronald M. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAn enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program aims to reduce the stress response to surgery and thereby accelerate recovery. It is unclear whether these programs can be safely implemented for elderly patients, especially in highly complex surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an ERAS program in elderly patients undergoing PD.MethodsImplementation of the ERAS protocol was studied prospectively in a consecutive series of patients undergoing PD between January 2009 and August 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: ≤65 years and ≥70 years. Endpoints were length of stay (LOS), readmissions, morbidity, mortality, and compliance with ERAS targets.ResultsOf a total of 110 patients, 55 were ≤65 years (median 57) and 55 ≥ 70 years (median 77). Median LOS was 14 days in both groups. In patients without complications median LOS was 9 days. Both mortality and readmissions did not differ between groups (mortality n = 3 (5.5 %) in younger versus n = 6 (10.9 %) in older patients, p = 0.49, readmissions: n = 11 (20 %) versus n = 7 (12.7 %), p = 0.44). CT‐drainage and relaparotomy‐rates were not different between groups, nor was overall morbidity (n = 31 (56.3 %) in the older versus n = 35 (63.3 %) in the younger group, p = 0.44). There were no differences in compliance with elements of the ERAS protocol between groups.ConclusionAn ERAS program seems feasible and safe for patients ≥70 years of age undergoing PD.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce zeaxanthin
Authors: Li Xi-Ran , Tian Gui-Qiao , Shen Hong-Jie , Liu Jian-Zhong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Zeaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid that is used in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and animal feed industries. Zeaxanthin is chemically synthesized or purified from microorganisms as a natural product; however, increasing demand requires development of alternative sources such as heterologous biosynthesis by recombinant bacteria. For this purpose, we molecularly engineered Escherichia coli to optimize the synthesis of zeaxanthin from lycopene using fusion protein-mediated substrate channeling as well as by the introduction of tunable intergenic regions. The tunable intergenic regions approach was more efficient compared with protein fusion for coordinating expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene crtY and β-carotene 3-hydroxylase gene crtZ. The influence of the substrate channeling effect suggests that the reaction catalyzed by CrtZ is the rate-limiting step in zeaxanthin biosynthesis. Then Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea agglomerans and Haematococcus pluvialis crtZ were compared. Because P. ananatis crtZ is superior to that of P. agglomerans or H. pluvialis for zeaxanthin production, we used it to generate a recombinant strain of E. coli BETA-1 containing pZSPBA-2(P37-crtZPAN) that produced higher amounts of zeaxanthin (11.95 ± 0.21 mg/g dry cell weight) than other engineered E. coli strains described in the literature.
Construction and validation of a mCherry protein vector for promoter analysis in Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Mohedano M Luz , García-Cayuela Tomás , Pérez-Ramos Adrián , Gaiser Rogier A , Requena Teresa , López Paloma 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Lactobacilli are widespread in natural environments and are increasingly being investigated as potential health modulators. In this study, we have adapted the broad-host-range vector pNZ8048 to express the mCherry protein (pRCR) to expand the usage of the mCherry protein for analysis of gene expression in Lactobacillus. This vector is also able to replicate in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The usage of pRCR as a promoter probe was validated in Lactobacillus acidophilus by characterizing the regulation of lactacin B expression. The results show that the regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level, with lbaB gene expression being specifically induced by co-culture of the L. acidophilus bacteriocin producer and the S. thermophilus STY-31 inducer bacterium.
Lime application for the efficient production of nutraceutical glucooligosaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-742 (ATCC13146)
Authors: Moon Young Hwan , Madsen Lee , Chung Chang-Ho , Kim Doman , Day Donal F 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the production of glucooligosaccharides via a fermentation of sucrose with Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-742 using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to control the pH. Because NaOH is expensive, we sought to minimize the cost of our process by substituting hydrated lime and saccharate of lime (lime sucrate) in its place. The yield of glucooligosaccharides using either 5 % lime (41.4 ± 0.5 g/100 g) or 5 % lime sucrate (40.0 ± 1.4 g/100 g) were both similar to the NaOH control (42.4 ± 1.5 g/100 g). Based on this, it appears that the cost associated with pH control in our process can be reduced by a factor of approximately 2.4 using lime instead of NaOH. Because our chromatographic stage is based on a Ca2+-form resin to separate glucooligosaccharides, the use of lime not only negates the need for costly de-salting via ion-exchange (elimination of two ion-exchange sections) prior to separation, but also greatly reduces the resin regeneration cost.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biomarker evaluation of transforming growth factor-β receptor I kinase inhibitor, galunisertib, in phase 1 study in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Rodón Jordi , Carducci Michael , Sepulveda-Sánchez Juan M. , Azaro Analía , Calvo Emiliano , Seoane Joan , Braña Irene , Sicart Elisabet , Gueorguieva Ivelina , Cleverly Ann , Pillay N. Sokalingum , Desaiah Durisala , Estrem Shawn T. , Paz-Ares Luis , Holdhoff Matthias , Blakeley Jaishri , Lahn Michael M. , Baselga Jose 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPurpose Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors, including malignant glioma. Small molecule inhibitors (SMI) blocking TGF-β signaling reverse EMT and arrest tumor progression. Several SMIs were developed, but currently only LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) was advanced to clinical investigation. Design The first-in-human dose study had three parts (Part A, dose escalation, n = 39; Part B, safety combination with lomustine, n = 26; Part C, relative bioavailability study, n = 14). Results A preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model predicted a therapeutic window up to 300 mg/day and was confirmed in Part A after continuous PK/PD. PK was not affected by co-medications such as enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs or proton pump inhibitors. Changes in pSMAD2 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were associated with exposure indicating target-related pharmacological activity of galunisertib. Twelve (12/79; 15 %) patients with refractory/relapsed malignant glioma had durable stable disease (SD) for 6 or more cycles, partial responses (PR), or complete responses (CR). These patients with clinical benefit had high plasma baseline levels of MDC/CCL22 and low protein expression of pSMAD2 in their tumors. Of the 5 patients with IDH1/2 mutation, 4 patients had a clinical benefit as defined by CR/PR and SD ≥6 cycles. Galunisertib had a favorable toxicity profile and no cardiac adverse events. Conclusion Based on the PK, PD, and biomarker evaluations, the intermittent administration of galunisertib at 300 mg/day is safe for future clinical investigation.
Effects of canopy phenology on deciduous overstory and evergreen understory carbon budgets in a cool‐temperate forest ecosystem under ongoing climate change
Authors: Saitoh Taku M. , Nagai Shin , Yoshino Jun , Kondo Hiroaki , Tamagawa Ichiro , Muraoka Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCanopy phenology is a key regulator of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. To clarify its possible effects on carbon budgets of forest ecosystems under ongoing climate change, we developed a canopy‐phenology model for a forest with deciduous overstory and evergreen understory based on in situ observations, and used it to improve an ecosystem carbon budget model. Under future conditions (2068–2073) based on the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, leaf expansion began 12.5 ± 1.9 days earlier and leaf‐fall ended 11.3 ± 2.7 days later than under current conditions (2002–2007). We also estimated the possible influence of altered light availability on understory vegetation. Even though the photosynthetically active period in the understory (i.e., from the end of spring snowmelt to the beginning of late‐autumn snow cover) expanded by 15.7 ± 15.7 days, the total downward photosynthetic photon flux density above this vegetation during the snow‐free period decreased by 11.8 % because of changing overstory canopy phenology. The net effect of these changes increased ecosystem‐level annual gross primary production (GPP) by 12.5 %, net primary production (NPP) by 12.0 %, and net ecosystem production by 12.1 %, especially in late spring (when the highest solar radiation occurred). The increased GPP and NPP were mostly attributable to changes in overstory vegetation. Our analysis indicates that understanding the temporal variation of canopy phenology dynamics and snow cover is important and that the effects of vegetation phenology on the carbon cycle should be evaluated in future climate change studies.
Surgical Site Infection Surveillance Following Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Huang Susan S. , Berríos-Torres Sandra I. , Kaganov Rebecca , Bruce Christina , Lankiewicz Julie , Platt Richard , Yokoe Deborah S. 
Published: December 2014

We assessed 4045 ambulatory surgery patients for surgical site infection (SSI) using claims-based triggers for medical chart review. Of 98 patients flagged by codes suggestive of SSI, 35 had confirmed SSIs. SSI rates ranged from 0 to 3.2% for common procedures. Claims may be useful for SSI surveillance following ambulatory surgery.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–4
Pseudo-outbreak ofMycobacterium gordonaeFollowing the Opening of a Newly Constructed Hospital at a Chicago Medical Center
Authors: Prabaker Kavitha , Muthiah Chethra , Hayden Mary K. , Weinstein Robert A. , Cheerala Jyothirmai , L. Scorza Mary , Segreti John , Lavin Mary A. , Schmitt Barbara A. , Welbel Sharon F. , Beavis Kathleen G. , Trenholme Gordon M. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVETo identify the source of a pseudo-outbreak ofMycobacterium gordonaeDESIGNOutbreak investigation.SETTINGUniversity Hospital in Chicago, Ilinois.PATIENTSHospital patients withM. gordonae-positive clinical cultures.METHODSAn increase in isolation ofM. gordonaefrom clinical cultures was noted immediately following the opening of a newly constructed hospital in January 2012. We reviewed medical records of patients withM. gordonae-positive cultures collected between January and December 2012 and cultured potable water specimens in new and old hospitals quantitatively for mycobacteria.RESULTSOf 30 patients withM. gordonae-positive clinical cultures, 25 (83.3%) were housed in the new hospital; of 35 positive specimens (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric aspirate), 32 (91.4%) had potential for water contamination.M. gordonaewas more common in water collected from the new vs. the old hospital [147 of 157 (93.6%) vs. 91 of 113 (80.5%),P=.001]. Median concentration ofM. gordonaewas higher in the samples from the new vs. the old hospital (208 vs. 48 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL;P<.001). Prevalence and concentration ofM. gordonaewere lower in water samples from ice and water dispensers [13 of 28 (46.4%) and 0 CFU/mL] compared with water samples from patient rooms and common areas [225 of 242 (93%) and 146 CFU/mL,P<.001].CONCLUSIONSM. gordonaewas common in potable water. The pseudo-outbreak ofM. gordonaewas likely due to increased concentrations ofM. gordonaein the potable water supply of the new hospital. A silver ion-impregnated 0.5-μm filter may have been responsible for lower concentrations ofM. gordonaeidentified in ice/water dispenser samples. Hospitals should anticipate that construction activities may amplify the presence of waterborne nontuberculous mycobacterial contaminants.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–6
A multilayer ice-flow model generalising the shallow shelf approximation
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new hybrid model for the dynamics of glaciers, ice sheets and ice shelves is introduced. In this ‘multilayer’ model the domain of ice consists of a pile of thin layers, which can spread out, contract and slide over each other such that the two most relevant types of stresses are accounted for: membrane and vertical shear. Assuming the horizontal velocity field to be vertically piecewise constant in each layer, the model is derived from local depth integrations of the hydrostatic approximation of the Stokes equations. These integrations give rise to interlayer tractions, which can be redefined at zeroth order in the interlayer surface slope by keeping the vertical shear stress components. Furthermore, if the layers are chosen such that they are aligned with the streamlines, then second-order accurate interlayer tractions can replace zeroth-order ones. The final model consists of a tridiagonal system of two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic equations, the size of this system being equal to the number of layers. When running the model for prognostic flowline ISMIP-HOM benchmark experiments, the multilayer solutions show good agreement with the higher-order solutions if no severe depression occurs in the bedrock. As an alternative to three-dimensional models, the multilayer approach offers to glacier and ice sheet modellers a way of upgrading the commonly used shallow shelf approximation model into a mechanically complete but mathematically two-dimensional model.
Risk of bipolar disorder and psychotic features in patients initially hospitalised with severe depression
Authors: Nakamura Kimiya , Iga Junichi , Matsumoto Naoki , Ohmori Tetsuro 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveSevere depression may be a risk factor for diagnostic conversion into bipolar disorder (BD), and psychotic depression (PD) has been consistently associated with BD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the stability of the diagnosis of severe depression and the differences between PD and non-psychotic severe depression (non-PD), as well as to assess the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsPatients who were hospitalised for severe depression (diagnosed according to ICD-10) both with and without psychotic symptoms (n=89; mean age=55.6 years, SD=13.9) from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively assessed.ResultsBy the 75th month of follow-up assessments, 11(12.4%) patients had developed BD. Among these 11 converters, nine had developed BD within 1 year after admission. Only sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms were significantly related to developing BD. The number of depressive episodes and history of physical diseases were significantly increased in non-PD compared with PD patients, whereas ECT was significantly increased in PD compared with non-PD patients. There was a significant association between length of stay at the hospital and the number of days between admission and ECT.ConclusionSub-threshold hypomanic symptoms may represent a prodrome of BD or an indicator of an already manifest phenotype, especially in older patients, which suggests cautious use of antidepressants. In severe depression, non-PD may often occur secondary to physical diseases and patients may experience increased recurrences compared with PD patients, which may be a more ‘primary’ disorder and often requires ECT treatments. ECT is effective for severe depression regardless of the presence of any psychotic feature; the earlier ECT is introduced, the better the expected treatment outcome.
ON THE CONNECTEDNESS OF THE BRANCH LOCI OF NON-ORIENTABLE UNBORDERED KLEIN SURFACES OF LOW GENUS
Authors: BUJALANCE E. , ETAYO J. J. , MARTÍNEZ E. , SZEPIETOWSKI B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper is devoted to determine the connectedness of the branch loci of the moduli space of non-orientable unbordered Klein surfaces. We obtain a result similar to Nielsen's in order to determine topological conjugacy of automorphisms of prime order on such surfaces. Using this result we prove that the branch locus is connected for surfaces of topological genus 4 and 5.
Construction and bacterial expression of a recombinant single-chain antibody fragment against Wuchereria bancrofti SXP-1 antigen for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Kamatchi R. , Charumathi J. , Ravishankaran R. , Kaliraj P. , Meenakshisundaram S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGlobal programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (GPELF) require mapping, monitoring and evaluation using filarial antigen diagnostic kits. To meet this objective, a functional single-chain fragment variable (ScFv) specific for filarial Wuchereria bancrofti SXP-1 (Wb-SXP-1) antigen was constructed for the diagnosis of active filarial infection, an alternative to the production of complete antibodies using hybridomas. The variable heavy chain (VH) and the variable light chain (kappa) (Vκ) genes were amplified from the mouse hybridoma cell line and were linked together with a flexible linker by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ScFv construct (Vκ–Linker–VH) was expressed as a fusion protein with N-terminal His tag in Escherichia coli and purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) without the addition of reducing agents. Immunoblotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyse the antigen binding affinity of purified ScFv. The purified ScFv was found to recognize recombinant and native Wb-SXP-1 antigen in microfilariae (Mf)-positive patient sera. The affinity of ScFv was comparable with that of the monoclonal antibody. The development of recombinant ScFv to replace monoclonal antibody for detection of filarial antigen was achieved. The recombinant ScFv was purified, on-column refolded and its detection ability validated using field samples.