bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of semi‐rigid plastic tray geometry on quality characteristics of a retort food simulant
Authors: Stowe Curtis H. , Bangar Sneh Punia , Whiteside William Scott , Thomas Ronald L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate how the geometric shapes of semi‐rigid plastic trays impact the quality characteristics of a retort processed food simulant. Initially, oval, triangular, rectangular, and round‐shaped plastic trays with a tomato‐based food simulant were subjected to retorting at rotational speeds of 6 and 11 revolutions per minute (RPM), and various food quality attributes were assessed. At 6 RPM, triangle‐shaped and round‐shaped trays exhibited a significantly greater reduction (p < 0.05) in ascorbic acid (AA) content compared to oval or rectangular‐shaped trays. Furthermore, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in lycopene and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content change from control among the different tray shapes at 6 RPM. However, hexanal content change was found to be greater in rectangular‐shaped trays than in oval‐shaped trays, while no significant difference was observed between triangular and round‐shaped trays. Both triangular and rectangular‐shaped trays showed a substantially greater (p < 0.05) total color difference (ΔE) compared to other shapes. This data suggests the presence of a temperature gradient in the food simulant influenced by the tray's shape. At 11 RPM, oval and round‐shaped trays showed a significant reduction in AA content, while rectangular‐shaped trays exhibited higher lycopene levels compared to oval and round trays. There was an increase in HMF response from control across all tray shapes; however, differentiation between shapes was not significant (p > 0.05), while both triangle and round‐shaped trays had elevated hexanal content as compared to oval‐shaped trays (p < 0.05). Oval, round, and triangle‐shaped trays all exhibited a greater ΔE than rectangular‐shaped trays. In summary, oval and round‐shaped trays exhibited a more pronounced change in AA content at 11 RPM, indicating a faster temperature equilibration. In contrast, triangle and rectangular‐shaped trays displayed elevated total color differences at 6 RPM, which may suggest the presence of a temperature gradient leading to uneven heating due to their respective shapes.Practical applicationsThis information would be applicable to new food products designed for thermal treatment in which the packaging shape could be manipulated to not only fit infrastructure requirements (packaging equipment, processing equipment, distribution devices) but also help support heat penetration at an optimal rate. Depending on product type and makeup, this approach may hold some value to the product developer whose product will be packaged in semi‐rigid plastic containers.
Genetic evidence for the causal impact of insomnia on gastrointestinal diseases and the mediating effects of adiposity traits
Authors: Wang Jing , Sui Wan‐Nian , Zhao Yu‐Qiang , Meng Shi‐Yin , Han Wen‐Xiu , Ni Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimInsomnia has been implicated in gastrointestinal diseases (GIs), but the causal effect between insomnia and GIs and underlying mechanisms remain unknown.MethodsBy using the released summary‐level data, we conducted a two‐step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the relationship between insomnia and four GIs and estimate the mediating role of candidate mediators. The first step was to investigate the causal association between insomnia and GIs using univariable MR analysis. The second step was to estimate the mediation proportion of selected mediators in these associations using multivariable MR analysis. Subsequently, results from different datasets were combined using the fixed‐effect meta‐analysis.ResultsUnivariable MR analysis provided strong evidence for the causal effects of insomnia on four GIs after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, including peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% interval confidence [CI] = 1.10–1.20, P = 1.83 × 10−9), gastroesophageal reflux (GORD) (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16–1.22, P = 5.95 × 10−42), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15–1.22, P = 8.69 × 10−25), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03–1.05, P = 3.46 × 10−3). In the mediation analysis, body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) were selected as mediators in the association between insomnia and PUD (BMI: mediation proportion [95% CI]: 13.61% [7.64%–20.70%]; WHR: 8.74% [5.50%–12.44%]) and GORD (BMI: 11.82% [5.94%–18.74%]; WHR: 7.68% [4.73%–11.12%]).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that genetically instrumented insomnia has causal effects on PUD, GORD, IBS, and IBD, respectively. Adiposity traits partially mediated the associations between insomnia and GIs. Further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the protective effect of insomnia treatment on GIs.
Disparities in end‐of‐life care for minoritized racial and ethnic patients during terminal hospitalizations in New York State
Authors: Cid Miguel , Quan Vega Main Lin , Yang Zhixin , Guglielminotti Jean , Li Guohua , Hua May 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic minorities often receive care at different hospitals than non‐Hispanic white patients, but how hospital characteristics influence the occurrence of disparities at the end of life is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if disparities in end‐of‐life care were present among minoritized patients during terminal hospitalizations, and if these disparities varied with hospital characteristics.MethodsWe identified hospitalizations where a patient died in New York State, 2016–2018. Using multilevel logistic regression, we examined whether documented end‐of‐life care (do‐not‐resuscitate status (DNR), palliative care (PC) encounter) differed by race and ethnicity, and whether these disparities differed based on receiving care in hospitals with varying characteristics (Black or Hispanic‐serving hospital; teaching status; bed size; and availability of specialty palliative care).ResultsWe identified 143,713 terminal hospitalizations in 188 hospitals. Across all hospitals, only Black patients were less likely to have a PC encounter (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.83 [0.80–0.87]) or DNR status (aOR 0.91 [0.87–0.95]) when compared with non‐Hispanic White patients, while Hispanic patients were more likely to have DNR status (aOR 1.07 [1.01–1.13]). In non‐teaching hospitals, all minoritized groups had decreased odds of PC (aOR 0.80 [0.76–0.85] for Black, aOR 0.91 [0.85–0.98] for Hispanic, aOR 0.93 [0.88–0.98] for Others), while in teaching hospitals, only Black patients had a decreased likelihood of a PC encounter (aOR 0.88 [0.82–0.93]). Also, Black patients in a Black‐serving hospitals were less likely to have DNR status (aOR 0.80 [0.73–0.87]). Disparities did not differ based on whether specialty PC was available (p = 0.27 for PC encounter, p = 0.59 for DNR status).ConclusionDuring terminal hospitalizations, Black patients were less likely than non‐Hispanic White patients to have documented end‐of‐life care. This disparity appears to be more pronounced in non‐teaching hospitals than in teaching hospitals.
The wavenumber linearisation without calibration device for spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wu Xiupin , Gao Wanrong , Qiu Zhiyuan , Wang Chunyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe wavenumber nonlinearity leads to blurred reconstructed images in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). In this work, a wavenumber‐linearisation method without calibration devices is presented, based on the fact that the difference between the phases of adjacent peak and valley points is equal to . The theoretical model is derived, and the efficacy of the method was proven by acquiring SDOCT data from TiO2 phantom and zebrafish. The results exhibit the superior performance of our method. Compared with the linear phase‐based method, the resolution could be improved at least a factor of 2. Compared with the polynomial fitting method, the resolution could also be improved by nearly half.
Midwives’ and Obstetric Physicians’ Practices Related to Pregnancy Nutrition Counseling: A Scoping Review
Authors: Erbe Katherine , Liese Kylea , Tussing‐Humphreys Lisa , Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Rutherford Julienne , Koenig Mary Dawn 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDietary intake during pregnancy impacts short‐ and long‐term maternal and fetal health outcomes. Dietary habits are highly individualized and influenced by contextual factors and social determinants of health within each person's lived environment. Midwives and other health care providers are well positioned to facilitate nutrition conversations and interventions with patients related to recommendations and modifications before and during pregnancy. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on perinatal care providers’ attitudes and practices related to antenatal nutrition counseling.MethodsAn electronic database literature search was conducted in March 2023 using the following inclusion criteria: English language, published between 1990 and 2023, completed in high‐income countries, and evaluated provider practices related to educating pregnancy patients on nutrition. Exclusion criteria included comparison or interventional studies as well as those focused on patient perspectives, specialty diets, comorbidities, or pregnancy complications. Thematic analysis was completed to identify common themes and subthemes across studies related to perinatal care providers’ perspectives of pregnancy nutrition.ResultsThirty‐six articles were included in the final review. Although providers acknowledged the importance of nutrition for pregnancy outcomes, few reported being able to cover the topic in‐depth during antenatal visits. Counseling was usually generalized, limited in scope, and lacked consideration of patient‐specific contextual factors such as dietary restrictions, preferences, or access to resources needed to follow recommendations. Provider barriers to comprehensive nutrition counseling included lack of training and time during clinic visits and limited availability of guidelines.DiscussionMultiple gaps in current pregnancy nutrition counseling practices exist. Despite nutrition being viewed by perinatal care providers as an important part of pregnancy, multiple barriers lead to it being overlooked during patient‐provider interactions. Contextual factors for both providers and patients contribute to failure of current interventions to consistently and significantly impact dietary habits of pregnant people.
Marital separation, reconciliation, and repartnering in later life
Authors: Brown Susan L. , Lin I‐Fen , Marino Francesca A. , Mellencamp Kagan A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe growth in gray divorce raises new questions about the marital dissolution process experienced by older adults. Our goal was to assess patterns of reconciliation among couples following marital separation, treating forming a union with a new partner as a competing risk.BackgroundRepartnering after a gray divorce is common, particularly among men. However, the extent to which older adults reconcile with their spouses is unknown. In line with the few prior studies on marital reconciliation among younger people, we anticipated that spouses with fewer resources and more marital‐specific capital would be more likely to reconcile.MethodUsing the 1998–2018 Health and Retirement Study, we tracked women and men who experienced a marital separation after age 50 to evaluate their propensities to reconcile with their spouse versus form a coresidential union (i.e., cohabitation or remarriage) with a new partner relative to remaining separated.ResultsRoughly 7% of women and 11% of men reconciled with their spouses, whereas 12% of women and 26% of men instead formed unions with a new partner within 10 years of marital separation. We expected that having fewer resources and greater relationship‐specific investments would encourage reconciliation, but results were mixed for women and men alike. Resources did tend to be positively associated with repartnering, particularly for men.ConclusionOur study contributes to the emerging research on repartnering after late‐life divorce as well as the limited literature on marital reconciliation by underscoring the utility of examining both reconciliation and repartnering as potential outcomes following marital separation.
How we get along depends on how you make me feel: An episodic perspective on leader–follower emotional entrainment and daily interaction quality
Authors: Stollberger Jakob , Gerpott Fabiola H. , Rivkin Wladislaw 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeader–follower relationships are a cornerstone of leadership research. Considering recent developments that point to emotions as key determinants of dyadic relationships, we shift the focus of this literature to the episodic interplay of leader emotional expressions and follower emotional reactions for the emergence of high‐quality interactions. Specifically, we develop an emotional entrainment perspective stating that the trajectory of leader emotional expressions and corresponding follower emotional reactions over the course of a day gives rise to follower perceptions of their interaction quality with their leader. We glean additional insights by examining follower attachment styles as a moderator. Results of an experience sampling study (Nemployees = 72, Ndays = 479) demonstrate that emotional entrainment of high‐activated emotions (joy and fear) predicts end‐of‐day interaction quality contingent on followers' (avoidant and anxious) attachment styles. Future avenues for research on the emergence of high‐quality leader–follower relationships are discussed.
Impact of vertical alveoloplasty on changes in keratinized mucosa width following full‐arch immediate implant placement and rehabilitations: A prospective case series
Authors: Wei Donghao , Jiang Xi , Luo Jia , Yi Xiaosong , Lin Ye , Ren Shuxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis prospective case series aimed to investigate the effect of vertical alveoloplasty on the changes in keratinized mucosa width (KMW) following full‐arch immediate implant placement and rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsA total of 17 potential edentulous patients were enrolled and received implant placement and full‐arch implant‐supported immediate rehabilitations. The main outcome was to analyze the effect of vertical alveoloplasty on the changes in KMW. The amount of vertical alveoloplasty during implant surgery as well as the changes in KMW at buccal aspects from the day of surgery to 6 months post‐surgery were recorded on the implant‐level using a periodontal probe. The secondary outcome was to analyze the other possible factors that affected the changes in KMW. The included factors were the initial KMW, the distribution of implants in the maxilla and mandible, the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions, the distribution of implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges, and gender. Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric tests and multiple linear regression adjusted by generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to statistically analyze the data.ResultsA total of 121 implant positions were analyzed. The KMW was 4.1± 2.0 mm on the day of the surgery and 4.1± 1.7 mm 6 months post‐surgery. The mean changes in KMW following 6 months were −0.1± 1.6 mm (p = 0.824). From the results of GEE, the vertical amount of alveoloplasty had no significant effect on changes in KMW. Both initial KMW and the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions had significant impacts on the changes in KMW (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe amount of vertical alveoloplasty during implant surgery has no significant impact on the KMW. The KMW remained stable from baseline to 6 months after alveoloplasty, implant placement, and immediate rehabilitations in potential edentulous arches. The initial KMW and the distribution of implants in the anterior and posterior regions were the possible factors affecting changes in KMW.
Sodium‐glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor use in the management of insulin dysregulation in ponies and horses
Authors: Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. , Knowles Edward J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaminitis is a common and painful condition of the equine foot and approximately 90% of cases are associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) that is a central feature of the common endocrine disorder equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and occurs in a subset of animals with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Additional features of EMS include obesity, altered circulating concentrations of adipokines (particularly adiponectin and leptin) and hypertriglyceridaemia. Obesity, ID, hypoadiponectinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and an altered plasma lipid profile are also features of human metabolic syndrome (HMS) alongside hyperglycaemia. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of oral hypoglycaemic agents used in combination with lifestyle changes in the management of HMS. SGLT2 receptors are responsible for 90% of the renal glucose reabsorption that occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. Thus, these drugs increase urinary glucose excretion by suppressing glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate resulting in urinary calorie loss with consequent weight loss and improvements in ID, hyperglycemia, hypoadiponectinaemia and hyperleptinaemia. There are no licenced veterinary drugs available for treating ID and preventing insulin‐associated laminitis in horses. Thus, the use of SGLT2i for the control of equine hyperinsulinaemia with the goal of improving recovery from associated active laminitis or preventing future laminitis has recently been advocated. There are a small number of published studies reporting the use of the SGLT2i canagliflozin, ertugliflozin and velagliflozin to aid the management of equine ID. However, the doses used are largely extrapolated from human studies with limited consideration of species‐specific variations. In addition, there is limited evaluation of the fundamental differences between ID in horses and humans, particularly the fact that most horses with ID remain hyperinsulinaemic but normoglycaemic such that increased urinary loss of glucose may not explain the beneficial effects of these drugs. Further study of the potential deleterious effects of treatment‐associated hypertriglyceridaemia is required together with the effect of SGLT2i therapy on circulating concentrations of adipokines in horses.
Differentiation in detoxification gene complements, including neofunctionalization of duplicated cytochrome P450 genes, between lineages of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhang Jianpeng , Shi Yu , Yang Yihua , Oakeshott John G. , Wu Yidong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of five enzyme superfamilies (CYPs, GSTs, UGTs, CCEs and ABCs) involved in detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera. The reference assembly for an African isolate of the major lineages, H. a. armigera, has 373 genes in the five superfamilies. Most of its CYPs, GSTs, UGTs and CCEs and a few of its ABCs occur in blocks and most of the clustered genes are in subfamilies specifically implicated in detoxification. Most of the genes have orthologues in the reference genome for the Oceania lineage, H. a. conferta. However, clustered orthologues and subfamilies specifically implicated in detoxification show greater sequence divergence and less constraint on non‐synonymous differences between the two assemblies than do other members of the five superfamilies. Two duplicated CYPs, which were found in the H. a. armigera but not H. a. conferta reference genome, were also missing in 16 Chinese populations spanning two different lineages of H. a. armigera. The enzyme produced by one of these duplicates has higher activity against esfenvalerate than a previously described chimeric CYP mutant conferring pyrethroid resistance. Various transposable elements were found in the introns of most detoxification genes, generating diverse gene structures. Extensive resequencing data for the Chinese H. a. armigera and H. a. conferta lineages also revealed complex copy number polymorphisms in 17 CCE001s in a cluster also implicated in pyrethroid metabolism, with substantial haplotype differences between all three lineages. Our results suggest that cotton bollworm has a versatile complement of detoxification genes which are evolving in diverse ways across its range.
A consensus‐based electronic medical record template for pediatric morphea patient visits
Authors: Dignum Tessa , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMorphea, also known as localized scleroderma, is an inflammatory sclerosing disorder of uncertain pathogenesis that affects the skin and underlying tissues. In the pediatric population, the disease often runs a chronic course with a high risk for irreversible sequelae; as such, patients often require long‐term monitoring. The objective of this study is to develop a multi‐center, consensus‐based electronic medical record template for pediatric morphea patient visits using a modified Delphi method of iterative surveys. By facilitating consistent data collection and interpretation across medical centers and patient populations, this template may improve patient care for pediatric patients with morphea.
Obscurity of chlorophyll tails ‐ Is chlorophyll with farnesyl tail incorporated into PSII complexes?
Authors: Graça André T. , Lihavainen Jenna , Hussein Rana , Schröder Wolfgang P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy in plants, algae, and certain bacteria. Its structure, featuring a porphyrin ring enclosing a central magnesium ion, varies in forms like chlorophyll a, b, c, d, and f, allowing light absorption at a broader spectrum. With a 20‐carbon phytyl tail (except for chlorophyll c), chlorophyll is anchored to proteins. Previous findings suggested the presence of chlorophyll with a modified farnesyl tail in thermophilic cyanobacteria Thermosynechoccocus vestitus. In our Arabidopsis thaliana PSII cryo‐EM map, specific chlorophylls showed incomplete phytyl tails, suggesting potential farnesyl modifications. However, further high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis in A. thaliana and T. vestitus did not confirm the presence of any farnesyl tails. Instead, we propose the truncated tails in PSII models may result from binding pocket flexibility rather than actual modifications.
BcWRKY1 confers Botrytis cinerea susceptibility via inhibiting JA biosynthesis
Authors: Yuan Shuilin , Wang Yuan , Hu Die , Xiao Dong , Wang Jianjun , Hou Xilin , Li Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWRKYs play important roles in plant stress resistance. However, the role of WRKYs in non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) remains poorly understood. Herein, the expression of BcWRKY1 was induced by B. cinerea. Further, the role of BcWRKY1 in B. cinerea infection was identified. Silencing of BcWRKY1 in non‐heading Chinese cabbage enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea. After B. cinerea inoculation, BcWRKY1‐silencing plants exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, higher jasmonic acid (JA) content, and the expression level of JA biosynthesis genes, BcOPR3, BcLOX3‐1 and BcLOX3‐2 were upregulated. Overexpression of BcWRKY1 in Arabidopsis exhibited a complementary phenotype. By directly targeting W‐boxes in the promoter of BcLOX3‐2, BcWRKY1 inhibited the transcription of this gene. In addition, 13 candidate interacting proteins of BcWRKY1 were identified by yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction between BcWRKY1 and BcCaM6 weakened the inhibition of BcLOX3‐2. In summary, our findings suggest that BcWRKY1 interacts with BcCaM6 to negatively regulate disease resistance.