bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation model of the arrival, flow, and usage pattern of library resources by the patrons
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad , Dileepan Parthasarati , Murgai Sarla R. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the advantages of developing a simulation model of the activities of a university library, in order to balance the available resources with demand for services. Meeting the demand is an essential part of managing a modern library. Inadequate levels of resources will result in excessive waiting times for the patrons.Design/methodology/approachA simulation modeling approach is undertaken and the library activities of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) are simulated. Simulation modeling is an invaluable tool to understand the resource usage patterns and making intelligent budgeting choices. In the epoch of severe budget cuts, available financial resources must be carefully allocated where there is a critical need. Such a simulation modeling of the critical operations of an academic library of a campus upward of 11,000 students is presented in this study.FindingsA simulation model of the arrivals, flow, and usage patterns of library resources by the patrons described in this research, determined that there were four critical resources: the number of reference librarians, the number of checkout assistants, the number of computers, and the number of electronic gadgets. This study illustrates the need for careful analysis of arrival of patrons, resource levels, and resource usage with the objective of developing a resource level decision strategy that will result in an optimal level of resource usage by patrons.Practical implicationsWith the application of simulation models, it is possible to determine the needs for the limited resources at the library and coordinate the availability of the resources with the needs.Originality/valueResearch in the use of simulation models for the determination of the resource levels that are best suited for an anticipated level of patron arrivals in the libraries is limited at best. This research adds value by providing information to fill this dearth of literature. The results of the simulation provided in this study can be used to develop budget priorities and to validate those priorities.
Mobile apps for nature field guides
Authors: Shrode Flora 
Published: November 2013

Purpose‐‐ The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to software applications that make nature field guides accessible on computers, including desktop and mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, and to describe some specific products that are available.Design/methodology/approach ‐‐ This article discusses the development and proliferation of software applications or “apps” for nature field guides. Common features of such apps and some specific examples are presented.Findings ‐‐ Numerous field guide apps are available for identifying animals, plants, and other natural phenomena using mobile computing devices or smartphones. Apps for mobile devices retain the traditional quality of portability for field guides, and most of these apps offer high quality photographs along with descriptive text. Some products include audio files for identifying bird songs or frog calls. Features for users include the ability to maintain life lists and to search guide contents using graphic icons, animal or plant markings, or colors.Originality/value ‐‐ Reviews of nature field guides have generally focused on print sources or electronic book editions of print titles. While several newspapers, magazines, and websites have published reviews of mobile field guide apps, an introduction and reviews have not yet been published in a source like Reference Reviews.
Writing a business plan: reference tools to assist budding entrepreneurs
Authors: Schiraldi Hilary , Silva Jesse 
Published: November 2013

Purpose‐‐ This article aims to describe various free and commercial sources reference librarians can use when confronted with questions about writing a business plan.Design/methodology/approach ‐‐ Using a narrative overview, the article describes and provides full bibliographic citations for several free and commercial sources in many formats that can be used to answer reference questions on writing a business plan in the USA.Findings ‐‐ There are many free government and non‐government, as well as commercial, sources that can aid librarians in gathering information relevant to writing a business plan.Originality/value ‐‐ While there are many articles and books about starting a business which have been written for a general audience, there are few articles written for the general reference librarian looking to help a patron with writing a business plan. This article contributes to that small body of work.
A 38 nt region and its flanking sequences within gag of Friend murine leukemia virus are crucial for splicing at the correct 5′ and 3′ splice sites
Authors: Machinaga Akihito , Takase‐Yoden Sayaka 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe genome of the Friend murine leukemia virus (Fr‐MLV) contains a 5′ splice site (5′ss) located at 205 nt and a 3′ss located at 5489 nt. In our previous studies, it was shown that if the HindIII–BglII (879–1904 bp) fragment within gag is deleted from the proA8m1 vector, which carries the entire Fr‐MLV sequence, then cryptic splicing of env‐mRNA occurs. Here, attempts were made to identify the genomic segment(s) in this region that is/are essential to correct splicing. First, vectors with a serially truncated HindIII–BglII fragment were constructed. The vector, in which a 38 bp fragment (1612–1649 bp) is deleted or reversed in proA8m1, only produced splice variants. It was found that a 38 nt region within gag contains important elements that positively regulate splicing at the correct splice sites. Further analyses of a series of vectors carrying the 38 bp fragment and its flanking sequences showed that a region (1183–1611 nt) upstream of the 38 nt fragment also contains sequences that positively or negatively influence splicing at the correct splice sites. The SphI–NdeI (5140–5400 bp) fragment just upstream of the 3′ss was deleted from vectors that carried the 38 bp fragment and its flanking sequences, which yielded correctly spliced mRNA; interestingly, these deleted vectors showed cryptic splicing. These findings suggest that the 5140–5400 nt region located just upstream of the 3′ss is required for the splicing function of the 38 nt fragment and its flanking sequences.
Activation of Toll‐like receptor 9 inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐ B ligand expression in rat B lymphocytes
Authors: Yu Xiaoqian , Lin Jiang , Yu Qing , Kawai Toshihisa , Taubman Martin A. , Han Xiaozhe 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTB lymphocytes express multiple TLRs that regulate their cytokine production. We investigated the effect of TLR4 and TLR9 activation on receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression by rat spleen B cells. Splenocytes or purified spleen B cells from Rowett rats were cultured with TLR4 ligand Escherichia coli LPS and/or TLR9 ligand CpG‐oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG‐ODN) for 2 days. RANKL mRNA expression and the percentage of RANKL‐positive B cells were increased in rat splenocytes challenged by E. coli LPS alone. The increases were less pronounced when cells were treated with both CpG‐ODN and E. coli LPS. Microarray analysis showed that expressions of multiple cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) pathway‐related genes were up‐regulated only in cells treated with both E. coli LPS and CpG‐ODN. This study suggests that CpG‐ODN inhibits LPS‐induced RANKL expression in rat B cells via regulation of the CDK pathway.
Lipopolysaccharide induces cell volume increase and migration of dendritic cells
Authors: Gröbner Sabine , Lukowski Robert , Autenrieth Ingo B. , Ruth Peter 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMigration of dendritic cells (DCs) plays an important role in T‐cell‐mediated adaptive immune responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensed by Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) serves as a signal for DC migration. We analyzed LPS‐induced DC volume changes preceding the directed movement towards chemoattractants. Treatment with LPS resulted in rapid, prolonged cell swelling in wild‐type (WT), but not in TLR4−/− bone marrow‐derived (BM) DCs indicating that TLR4 signaling is essential for LPS‐induced swelling. As a consequence, LPS‐treatment enhanced the migratory activity along a chemokine (CCL21)‐gradient in WT, but not in TLR4‐deficient BMDCs suggesting that the LPS/TLR4‐induced swelling response facilitates DC migration. Moreover, the role of calcium‐activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) as putative regulators of immune cell volume regulation and migration was analyzed in LPS‐challenged BMDCs. We found that the LPS‐induced swelling of KCa3.1‐deficient DCs was impaired when compared to WT DCs. Accordingly, the LPS‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i detected in WT DCs was reduced in KCa3.1‐deficient DCs. Finally, directed migration of LPS‐challenged KCa3.1‐deficient DCs was low compared to WT DCs indicating that activation of KCa3.1 is involved in LPS‐induced DC migration. These findings suggest that both TLR4 and KCa3.1 contribute to the migration of LPS‐activated DCs as an important feature of the adaptive immune response.
The transcription factor ATOH8 is regulated by erythropoietic activity and regulates HAMP transcription and cellular pSMAD1,5,8 levels
Authors: Patel Neeta , Varghese Joe , Masaratana Patarabutr , Latunde‐Dada Gladys O. , Jacob Molly , Simpson Robert J. , McKie Andrew T. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryATOH8 has previously been shown to be an iron‐regulated transcription factor, however its role in iron metabolism is not known. ATOH8 expression in HEK293 cells resulted in increased endogenous HAMP mRNA levels as well as HAMP promoter activity. Mutation of the E‐box or SMAD response elements within the HAMP promoter significantly reduced the effects of ATOH8, indicating that ATOH8 activates HAMP transcription directly as well as through bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling. In support of the former, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays provided evidence that ATOH8 binds to E‐box regions within the HAMP promoter while the latter was supported by the finding that ATOH8 expression in HEK293 cells led to increased phosphorylated SMAD1,5,8 levels. Liver Atoh8 levels were reduced in mice under conditions associated with increased erythropoietic activity such as hypoxia, haemolytic anaemia, hypotransferrinaemia and erythropoietin treatment and increased by inhibitors of erythropoiesis. Hepatic Atoh8 mRNA levels increased in mice treated with holo transferrin, suggesting that Atoh8 responds to changes in plasma iron. ATOH8 is therefore a novel transcriptional regulator of HAMP, which is responsive to changes in plasma iron and erythroid activity and could explain how changes in erythroid activity lead to regulation of HAMP.
Efficacy and safety of low‐dose otelixizumab anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody in preserving C‐peptide secretion in adolescent type 1 diabetes: DEFEND‐2, a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, multi‐centre study
Authors: Ambery P. , Donner T. W. , Biswas N. , Donaldson J. , Parkin J. , Dayan C. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsPhase III DEFEND‐2 investigated whether otelixizumab (3.1 mg over 8 days) preserved C‐peptide secretion in patients with new‐onset Type 1 diabetes, focusing on adolescents (12–17 years).MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐nine patients (54 adolescents) were randomized to otelixizumab or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in 2‐h mixed‐meal‐stimulated C‐peptide area under the curve at month 12. Enrolment was suspended in April 2011 following negative efficacy results from DEFEND‐1. DEFEND‐2 terminated early after 12 months' efficacy and safety follow‐up.ResultsChange from baseline C‐peptide was not significantly different [∆ = –0.09 nmol/l (95% CI –0.17 to 0; P = 0.051)]. No differential C‐peptide effect was seen for otelixizumab in adolescents and more adverse events were reported.ConclusionsEfficacy and tolerability of otelixizumab was similar to DEFEND‐1. The 3.1‐mg dose was non‐efficacious in adults and adolescents. Further investigation of the mechanism of action seen at higher doses and therapeutic window is required.Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00763451
Oceanographic changes and exploitation drive the spatio‐temporal dynamics of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
Authors: Fromentin Jean‐Marc , Reygondeau Gabriel , Bonhommeau Sylvain , Beaugrand Gregory 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAtlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) has always displayed spectacular changes in its spatial distribution, but the underlying mechanism of such variations still remains obscure. This study focuses on this challenging issue by scrutinizing the intriguing ‘Brazilian episode’ during which a large quantity of ABFT (a temperate species) was caught during the 1960s in the equatorial Atlantic. To investigate this event, we applied a niche model to an extensive data set of catch and environmental variables from 1960 to 2009. ABFT exhibited a remarkably large ecological niche, which matches well with our current knowledge of ABFT. Our results also depicted a high probability of ABFT occurrence in the South Atlantic and, more interestingly, favorable environmental conditions in the western equatorial Atlantic during the 1960s, but not later. ABFT could thus have migrated from their northern spawning grounds to the South Atlantic during the 1960s through the western equatorial Atlantic, playing the role of an ‘ecological bridge’. We argue that the rarity of ABFT in the southern Atlantic during the last four decades would result from the interaction of several processes, particularly oceanographic conditions, migratory behavior, density‐dependence, exploitation levels and population structure. Examination of the catch data further indicated that the fish caught in the equatorial Atlantic were from the western stock and we concluded that the lack of rebuilding of this stock could result from a regime shift due to the combination of oceanographic changes in the equatorial Atlantic and overfishing in the North Atlantic in the 1960s and 1970s.
Microdistribution and feeding dynamics of Coilia nasus (Engraulidae) larvae and juveniles in relation to the estuarine turbidity maximum of the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary, Ariake Sea, Japan
Authors: Suzuki Keita W. , Kanematsu Youta , Nakayama Kouji , Tanaka Masaru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo evaluate the nursery value of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) for the anadromous engraulid fish Coilia nasus, physical and biological samples were collected along the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary, southwestern Japan, from June 2005 to January 2006. Generally, eggs were distributed upstream of the ETM, whereas larvae were distributed in the ETM. The first cohort was washed out of the estuary by a large flood in early July. The second cohort appeared after the flood, gradually extending its distributional area through the estuary and growing to 100 mm in standard length (SL) by December. Larvae and juveniles (20–100 mm SL) fed selectively on copepods, specifically large calanoid species, whereas more developed juveniles fed on mysids. Prey organisms in guts were significantly more abundant and present in greater weights in the ETM (salinity <10) than in the lower estuary (salinity >10). The better feeding conditions were primarily attributable to consistently high densities of two large calanoid species, Sinocalanus sinensis and Pseudodiaptomus inopinus, in the ETM. In contrast, the poor feeding conditions in the lower estuary were likely due to a seasonal decrease in copepod density and the dominance of small copepods such as Oithona spp. Given that better feeding conditions contribute positively to the growth and survival of larvae and juveniles, we conclude that the ETM has a significantly higher nursery value for C. nasus compared with other habitats in the Chikugo River estuary.
Knowledge Translation in Job Development: Strategies for Involving Families
Authors: Hall Allison , Bose Jennifer , Winsor Jean , Migliore Alberto 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAlthough United States employment policies have increased support for people with disabilities working in community settings, the unemployment rate for this population remains very high, particularly for people with intellectual or developmental disabilities. Research shows that job developers (direct support professionals who assist people with disabilities to secure, maintain, and advance in employment) are critical to achieving quality employment outcomes. However, the extent to which job developers use practices that are considered promising in their field (such as engaging families) is not well known.MethodsThis brief report summarizes findings from a qualitative study about the extent to which job developers use the recommended promising practices when working with individuals and family members.ResultsQualitative analysis identified the following themes among job developers: factors affecting family involvement, perceptions of family involvement, and the influence of expectation on strategies.ConclusionsThe field of job development faces a challenge common to many professions: translating research on best practices to those who need this knowledge the most and can use it to greatest effect. Future research should address how community rehabilitation providers (CRPs) communicate about and instill best practices, including effective family engagement, within their organizations.
Impact of rapid on‐site evaluation on the adequacy of endoscopic‐ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration of solid pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Matynia Anna P , Schmidt Robert L , Barraza Gonzalo , Layfield Lester J , Siddiqui Ali A , Adler Douglas G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to improve adequacy rates for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of solid pancreatic lesions, but its impact is context‐dependent. No studies exist that summarize the relationship between ROSE, number of needle passes, and resulting adequacy rates.AimsTo analyze data from previous studies to establish if ROSE is associated with improved adequacy rates; to evaluate the relationship between ROSE, number of needle passes, and the resulting adequacy rates of EUS‐FNA for solid pancreatic lesions.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting the adequacy rates for EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.ResultsThe search produced 3822 original studies, of which 70 studies met our inclusion criteria. The overall average adequacy rate was 96.2% (95% confidence interval: 95.5, 96.9). ROSE was associated with a statistically significant improvement of up to 3.5% in adequacy rates. There was heterogeneity in adequacy rates across all subgroups. No association between the assessor type and adequacy rates was found. Studies with ROSE have high per‐case adequacy and a relatively high number of needle passes in contrast to non‐ROSE studies. ROSE is an effect modifier of the relationship between number of needle passes and adequacy.ConclusionsROSE is associated with up to 3.5% improvement in adequacy rates for EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions. ROSE assessor type has no impact on adequacy rates. ROSE is an effect modifier on the relationship between needle passes and per‐case adequacy for EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.
Three‐dimensional imaging of whole mouse models: comparing nondestructive X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐CT with cryotome‐based planar epi‐illumination imaging
Authors: TAPFER A. , BECH M. , ZANETTE I. , SYMVOULIDIS P. , STANGL S. , MULTHOFF G. , MOLLS M. , NTZIACHRISTOS V. , PFEIFFER F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this study, we compare two evolving techniques for obtaining high‐resolution 3D anatomical data of a mouse specimen. On the one hand, we investigate cryotome‐based planar epi‐illumination imaging (cryo‐imaging). On the other hand, we examine X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) using synchrotron radiation. Cryo‐imaging is a technique in which an electron multiplying charge coupled camera takes images of a cryo‐frozen specimen during the sectioning process. Subsequent image alignment and virtual stacking result in volumetric data. X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging is based on the minute refraction of X‐rays inside the specimen and features higher soft‐tissue contrast than conventional, attenuation‐based micro‐CT. To explore the potential of both techniques for studying whole mouse disease models, one mouse specimen was imaged using both techniques. Obtained data are compared visually and quantitatively, specifically with regard to the visibility of fine anatomical details. Internal structure of the mouse specimen is visible in great detail with both techniques and the study shows in particular that soft‐tissue contrast is strongly enhanced in the X‐ray phase images compared to the attenuation‐based images. This identifies phase‐contrast micro‐CT as a powerful tool for the study of small animal disease models.
Dense nuclei segmentation based on graph cut and convexity–concavity analysis
Authors: QI J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWith the rapid advancement of 3D confocal imaging technology, more and more 3D cellular images will be available. However, robust and automatic extraction of nuclei shape may be hindered by a highly cluttered environment, as for example, in fly eye tissues. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient nuclei segmentation algorithm based on the combination of graph cut and convex shape assumption. The main characteristic of the algorithm is that it segments nuclei foreground using a graph‐cut algorithm with our proposed new initialization method and splits overlapping or touching cell nuclei by simple convexity and concavity analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can segment complicated nuclei clumps effectively in our fluorescent fruit fly eye images. Evaluation on a public hand‐labelled 2D benchmark demonstrates substantial quantitative improvement over other methods. For example, the proposed method achieves a 3.2 Hausdorff distance decrease and a 1.8 decrease in the merged nuclei error per slice.
Multiphoton microscopic imaging of human normal and cancerous oesophagus tissue
Authors: CHEN W.S. , WANG Y. , LIU N.R. , ZHANG J.X. , CHEN R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this paper, microstructures of human oesophageal submucosa are evaluated using multiphoton microscopy, based on two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. The content and distribution of collagen, elastic fibers and cancer cells in normal and cancerous submucosa layer have been distinctly obtained and briefly discussed. The variation of these components is very relevant to the pathology in oesophagus, especially in early oesophageal cancer. Our results further indicate that the multiphoton microscopy technique has the potential application in vivo in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of early oesophageal cancer.