bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocational education and training: A pathway for refugees' integration in the labour market? Lessons from Syrian refugees in Tarsus, Turkey
Authors: Tasli‐Karabulut Vildan , Sancak Merve 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVocational education and training (VET) has been promoted as a key strategy for refugees' integration into the labour markets of their host societies, with the expectation that it would provide refugees the skills that are necessary to access better employment in their host countries. Nevertheless, evidence from both high‐income and middle‐income countries (MICs) shows that refugees predominantly work in labour‐intensive jobs under precarious conditions, and, VET has not always been an effective instrument to improve refugees' employment conditions. This article aims to understand the reasons behind this situation. It studies the multiplicity of factors influencing the viability of VET for refugees' labour market integration, focusing on Syrian refugees in Tarsus, Turkey, a MIC currently hosting the largest number of refugees worldwide. It shows that the top‐down, supply focused VET programmes may have limited effectiveness in promoting better employment for refugees if the designers and implementers of these programmes do not fully consider the local context and the refugees' specific realities.
Grievable/Disposable lives in the Anthropocene culture: Ecoprecarity, indigeneity and ecological wisdom in Kaala Paani
Authors: Karmakar Goutam , Pal Payel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional media and contemporary digital communication platforms have been instrumental in developing environmental awareness and educating the general public about the entrenched dangers of ecoprecarity. Visual references like ecocinema, short films, documentaries and television series have shown how the Anthropocene is affecting the world and how important human‐centred survival models are. These visual references have played a big part in ecological knowledge and shown possible ways to use socio‐ecological practices. The present article critically analyses Kaala Paani, a contemporary Indian Hindi‐language survival drama seven‐episode television series, and foregrounds how this series not only represents the ecological issues we face but also fosters a stronger sense of ethical accountability towards the long‐term impact of our decisions and actions on the natural environment. Through its focus on dramatizing environmental toxins and the power of indigenous and tribal knowledge to fight them, the series effectively tells viewers about the harmful effects of illegally exploiting the environmental buffer zone and the results of capitalist‐driven developmentalism. The series also inspires them to recognize the overwhelming existence of nature that the discourse of the ‘Anthropocene’ has downplayed.
Robustness of Item Response Theory Models under the PISA Multistage Adaptive Testing Designs
Authors: Shin Hyo Jeong , König Christoph , Robin Frederic , Frey Andreas , Yamamoto Kentaro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany international large‐scale assessments (ILSAs) have switched to multistage adaptive testing (MST) designs to improve measurement efficiency in measuring the skills of the heterogeneous populations around the world. In this context, previous literature has reported the acceptable level of model parameter recovery under the MST designs when the current item response theory (IRT)‐based scaling models are used. However, previous studies have not considered the influence of realistic phenomena commonly observed in ILSA data, such as item‐by‐country interactions, repeated use of MST designs in subsequent cycles, and nonresponse, including omitted and not‐reached items. The purpose of this study is to examine the robustness of current IRT‐based scaling models to these three factors under MST designs, using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) designs as an example. A series of simulation studies show that the IRT scaling models used in the PISA are robust to repeated use of the MST design in a subsequent cycle with fewer items and smaller sample sizes, while item‐by‐country interactions and items not‐reached have negligible to modest effects on model parameter estimation, and omitted responses have the largest effect. The discussion section provides recommendations and implications for future MST designs and scaling models for ILSAs.
Errors in estimating reproductive parameters with macroscopic methods: a case study on the protogynous blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775)
Authors: Longenecker Ken , Langston Ross , Mamesah Juliaeta , Natan Yuliana , Pattinasarany Maureen , Radjab Abdul W. , Romdon Ahmad , Ruli Fismatman , Simanjuntak Prandito , Sinaga Febby L. , Limmon Gino V. , Franklin Erik C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA size‐based, histological analysis of the reproductive life history of the blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775), was conducted in Indonesia to evaluate the error rate associated with macroscopic reproductive analysis. Histological results indicated that E. fasciatus was protogynous with female L50 at 13.4 cm total length (LT) and a size at sexual transition of 22.0 cm LT. The weight–length relationship for the species was W = 0.011 L3.13. Overall sex ratios were significantly female biased, operational sex ratios were significantly male biased, and sex ratios of mature individuals varied predictably with length from female to male dominance as size increased. No significant relationship between length and batch fecundity was found. The population has a spawning period from February to August. Overall, 54.4% of macroscopic evaluations were incorrect compared to histological results. Of the errors, 14.8% were a failure to detect ovotestes, 12.7% were classifying non‐gonadal tissue as ovary or testis, 12.2% were misclassifying sex, and 12.7% were misclassifying maturity status. However, the largest source of error (47.7%) was from misclassifying both sex and maturity status. Of these, 92.9% were macroscopically classified as immature females, but were histologically confirmed to be mature males. Compared to histological results, the only accurate macroscopic results were the absence of a sex‐based difference in weight–length relationship and spawning seasonality estimated by a gonadosomatic index (February–June). The use of macroscopic methods to estimate reproductive life‐history parameters for sex‐changing reefes fish may introduce significant inaccuracies and misinterpretations. Of the parameters estimated by histological methods, size at maturity, size‐specific sex ratios, and spawning seasonality have the greatest potential to inform local fishery management policy.
Insider trading restriction enforcement, investor protection, and innovation
Authors: Blank D. Brian , Chen Jiawei , Posylnaya Valeriya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUS Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions are intended to protect investors and limit expropriation by firm insiders, but these SEC actions could affect insiders' incentives to contribute to value‐enhancing activities. Therefore, we explore how corporate innovation and performance respond to insider trading restrictions imposed by regulators and firms. Using manually collected data on SEC indictments against corporate insiders, we document more innovative activity following external insider trading restrictions. External restrictions are also followed by higher corporate investment, capital access, and operating performance. Similarly, internal blackout restrictions to insider trading are linked to more innovation as well. We use SEC and congressional rule changes as quasi‐natural experiments resulting in shocks in enforcement and indictments for identification and inference. Our results suggest insider trading restrictions and enforcement actions affect subsequent firm activities and managerial decisions by protecting outside investment, resulting in more investment in innovation.
Contrast enhancement patterns associated with acute stroke in moyamoya disease using MR vessel wall imaging
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Chan , Jang Chul‐Rae , Lee Sang‐Hun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeHigh‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) can provide valuable insights into the histopathological characteristics of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the patterns of vessel wall contrast enhancement have not been well established. We aimed to identify the contrast enhancement patterns of the vessel walls associated with acute cerebral infarction using HR‐MRI in MMD.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we conducted genetic tests for Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF 213) and performed HR‐MRI on patients suspected of having MMD. We analyzed wall enhancement patterns including concentric, eccentric, or mixed enhancement types, and the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction in patients who simultaneously tested positive for RNF 213 and exhibited definite features of MMD on HR‐MRI.ResultsAmong 306 patients who underwent RNF 213 tests for the evaluation of MMD, 56 showed positive RNF 213, and HR‐MRI was performed on 32 of them. Among the patients with acute cerebral infarction, the incidence rate was significantly higher in the group with concentric wall enhancement compared to patients without acute cerebral infarction (73.3% vs. 17.0%, p < .002). Furthermore, the incidence was notably elevated, even in patients with pure concentric wall enhancement (40.0% vs. 5.9%, p = .033). The area under the curve (AUC) for the group with any concentric wall enhancement showed a significant result of .78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .61‐.95, p = .007), whereas the predictive ability for pure concentric wall enhancement did not reach significance (AUC = .67, 95% CI: .48‐.86, p = .100).ConclusionsConcentric wall enhancement was a significant predictor of acute cerebral infarction in patients with MMD.
Influence of the low temperatures (18°C) in the generation of intracellular oxidative stress in the phytopathogen bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicolaNPS3121
Authors: Arvizu‐Gómez Jackeline Lizzeta , Hernández‐Morales Alejandro , Llanos‐Vargas Kevin Daniel , Olmedo‐Álvarez Gabriela , Campos‐Guillén Juan , Vallejo‐Cardona Alba Adriana , Hernández‐Flores José Luis , González‐Reyes Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow temperatures are a key condition for various phytopathogenic bacteria, by favouring their pathogenic potential and the development of plant diseases. So far, the signal transduction pathways related to low temperatures in phytopathogenic bacteria are little understood. The occurrence of intracellular oxidative stress under this condition has been suggested as a molecular event belonging to this signalling pathway. In this study, using the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola model bacteria, we evaluated intracellular redox state under low‐temperature (18°C) conditions. Generation of an oxidative‐stress biosensor (pKL1) and fluorometry analyses with the P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola‐roGFP2 bioreporter strain were performed. At low temperatures (18°C) the response capacity or roGFP2 oxidation diminished in relation to 28°C. Likewise, changes in the intracellular redox potential of P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola during its growth at 28°C and 18°C were observed, with greater oxidation degree in cells grown at 18°C. These results demonstrated that low temperatures induce intracellular oxidative stress in P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. From this study, the oxidative stress is established as part of the cellular response to low‐temperature conditions in this bacteria. This is the first report of the relation of oxidative stress with low‐temperature conditions in phytopathogens bacteria.
Glycyrrhizin intake higher than the current international guidelines has no detectable hypermineralocorticoid‐like effect in dogs
Authors: Watson Adrian , Fuess Elizabeth , Laxalde Jeremy , Mitchell Denise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlycyrrhizin‐enriched extracts from licorice root are associated with numerous health benefits and are widely used in phytotherapy. There is evidence that ingesting glycyrrhizin beyond threshold concentrations can impact the metabolism of cortisol, inhibiting its conversion to an inactive form, cortisone, via 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. A consequence can be a form of hypermineralocorticoidism, with elevated potassium excretion and associated hypertension, as demonstrated in rats and humans. Here, 3 orally dosed concentrations of glycyrrhizin (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg bodyweight/day) were assessed over 28 days in dogs. As the current guidelines reflect a lack of reliable data in this species, our aim was to provide relevant information for doses above the current guidelines. The specific purpose of this study was to demonstrate that an intake of licorice with a known therapeutic benefit to dogs does not cause hypermineralocorticoidism in this species. No changes in blood pressure, nor electrolyte excretion were observed in the dogs given these three glycyrrhizin concentrations.
Drought risk in Moldova under global warming and possible crop adaptation strategies
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Juez Carmelo , Potopová Vera , Boincean Boris , Murphy Conor , Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Eklundh Lars , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Noguera Ivan , Jin Hongxiao , Conradt Tobias , Garcia‐Herrera Ricardo , Garrido‐Perez Jose Manuel , Barriopedro David , Gutiérrez Jose M. , Iturbide Maialen , Lorenzo‐Lacruz Jorge , Kenawy Ahmed El 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between drought processes and crop yields in Moldova, together with the effects of possible future climate change on crops. The severity of drought is analyzed over time in Moldova using the Standard Precipitation Index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their relationship with crop yields. In addition, rainfall variability and its relationship with crop yields are examined using spectral analysis and squared wavelet coherence. Observed station data (1950–2020 and 1850–2020), ERA5 reanalysis data (1950–2020), and climate model simulations (period 1970–2100) are used. Crop yield data (maize, sunflower, grape), data from experimental plots (wheat), and the Enhanced Vegetation Index from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellites were also used. Results show that although the severity of meteorological droughts has decreased in the last 170 years, the impact of precipitation deficits on different crop yields has increased, concurrent with a sharp increase in temperature, which negatively affected crop yields. Annual crops are now more vulnerable to natural rainfall variability and, in years characterized by rainfall deficits, the possibility of reductions in crop yield increases due to sharp increases in temperature. Projections reveal a pessimistic outlook in the absence of adaptation, highlighting the urgency of developing new agricultural management strategies.
“I did not expect that from you!”: Unforgiveness dimensions, attachment insecurities, and relationship under‐commitment following a relational transgression
Authors: Jean Mireille , Brassard Audrey , Boon Susan D. , Lafontaine Marie‐France , Mondor Josianne , Péloquin Katherine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfter experiencing a relational transgression, individuals may not forgive their partner. However, unforgiveness may prove detrimental to relationship functioning for both partners, and even more so when combined with individual and relational risk factors. This study examined the associations between unforgiveness dimensions (cognitive‐evaluative, emotional‐ruminative, and offender reconstrual) and relationship under‐commitment in couples who experienced a relational transgression, and the moderating roles of attachment insecurities (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and the sample type (community vs. clinical) in these associations. The sample included 114 couples (42 from the community and 72 seeking relationship therapy); both partners completed online questionnaires. Path analyses revealed associations between the cognitive‐evaluative and offender reconstrual dimensions, and higher under‐commitment in offended partners. The association between offender reconstrual and under‐commitment was only present when offended partners exhibited low to moderate levels of attachment anxiety. The emotional‐ruminative dimension was associated with under‐commitment in both partners, but only when offended partners reported low levels of attachment avoidance. No moderation effect was found for the sample type. This study enhances understanding of post‐transgression unforgiveness and unravels some individual characteristics that are likely to affect how it relates to both partners' under‐commitment.
The relationship between HPV testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Küçükkaya Burcu , Cangöl Sögüt Seda , Cangöl Eda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional design.SampleThis study was conducted between March 15, 2024, and June 2, 2024, through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Telegram, by sharing on forum pages, and involved 674 women who volunteered to participate.MeasurementsThe research data were collected using the “health belief model scale regarding HPV infection and vaccination (HBMS‐HPVV)” and the “HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS),” which were developed by the researchers through a literature review.ResultsThe average age of the women participating in the study was 46.59 ± 11.15 years; 81.5% were married, 57.6% had no knowledge about cervical cancer, and 62.2% had no knowledge about the HPV vaccine, a protective vaccine against cervical cancer. The average scores for the subdimensions of severity, barriers, benefits, and susceptibility of the HBMS‐HPVV were 3.19 ± 0.60, 2.96 ± 1.22, 2.29 ± 1.40, and 3.92 ± 0.49, respectively. The average scores for the subdimensions of personal barriers, social norms, confidence, and worries of the HTABS were 31.14 ± 19.27, 7.57 ± 4.47, 30.03 ± 7.18, and 11.91 ± 2.52, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between all HBMS‐HPVV subdimensions and the HTABS subdimensions (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study found that as the perceived severity increases, the perceived benefits, susceptibility, and confidence increase, while the perceived barriers, personal barriers, social norms, and worries decrease. Based on these results, it is recommended that women's health nurses provide education and seminars to raise awareness about cervical cancer, early screening and diagnosis programs, and the HPV vaccine.
Analysis of chemical and genetic variability in wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) populations of Kosovo
Authors: Salihu B. , Samarakoon T. , Pulaj B. , Quave C. L. , Mustafa B. , Hajdari A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hops is an economically important species due to its diverse secondary metabolites and extensive use in the brewing and medicinal industries. Although hops is widely distributed in Kosovo, the chemical composition of its essential oils and genetic variability of wild populations remain understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical and genetic variability of Kosovo's wild hop population using essential oil constituents and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat – SSR) markers.
Female hop inflorescences were collected from 21 wild populations in Kosovo. Essential oils were extracted from the dried plant material using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of the essential oils was analysed using GC‐FID‐MS. DNA was extracted from dried leaves, and 15 SSR markers were used for fragment analysis.
The main constituents of the essential oil were myrcene, α‐humulene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, α‐selinene, β‐selinene, and E‐caryophyllene. Statistical analyses based on chemical composition of essential oils and SSR markers highlighted the low variability among populations and high variability within populations.
These findings provide valuable insights for developing strategies for potential use and conservation of wild hop populations in Kosovo, laying the groundwork for future research and comparison with commercial cultivars to assess their breeding potential.
Tracking and risk assessment of microplastics in a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Kamani Hossein , Ghayebzadeh Mehdi , Ganji Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractToday, microplastics have become one of the most important environmental concerns. Wastewater treatment plants are a major source of microplastics in the environment. The aim of this study is to track and assess the risk of microplastics in a wastewater treatment plant. Samples were taken from different units of sewage treatment plants in the spring and winter. Microplastics were separated using sieves and density‐based methods. Analysis revealed a higher abundance of microplastics in spring. The highest amount of microplastic removal was in the disinfection and secondary sedimentation units in the winter season. Fragments are the most common shape. Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) polymers were most prevalent. Black was the most common colour. Poly Ethylene (PE), PET and poly Amide (PA) polymers posed the highest risk, according to calculations. One of the most important ways to prevent microplastics from entering water sources is to reduce the consumption of plastic materials, recycle plastic waste and remove microplastics from the wastewater treatment process.