bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated pentose utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum for accelerated production of lysine, glutamate, ornithine and putrescine
Authors: Meiswinkel Tobias M. , Gopinath Vipin , Lindner Steffen N. , Nampoothiri K. Madhavan , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBecause of their abundance in hemicellulosic wastes arabinose and xylose are an interesting source of carbon for biotechnological production processes. Previous studies have engineered several Corynebacterium glutamicum strains for the utilization of arabinose and xylose, however, with inefficient xylose utilization capabilities. To improve xylose utilization, different xylose isomerase genes were tested in C. glutamicum. The gene originating from Xanthomonas campestris was shown to have the highest effect, resulting in growth rates of 0.14 h−1, followed by genes from Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli. To further increase xylose utilization different xylulokinase genes were expressed combined with X. campestris xylose isomerase gene. All combinations further increased growth rates of the recombinant strains up to 0.20 h−1 and moreover increased biomass yields. The gene combination of X. campestris xylose isomerase and C. glutamicum xylulokinase was the fastest growing on xylose and compared with the previously described strain solely expressing E. coli xylose isomerase gene delivered a doubled growth rate. Productivity of the amino acids glutamate, lysine and ornithine, as well as the diamine putrescine was increased as well as final titres except for lysine where titres remained unchanged. Also productivity in medium containing rice straw hydrolysate as carbon source was increased.
Primary malignant achromic melanoma of the lung
Authors: Lazarou Ilias , Purek Lesek , Duc Christophe , Licker Marc‐Joseph , Spiliopoulos Anastase , Tschopp Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCurrently, less than thirty cases of primary malignant melanoma of the lung have been reported in the literature. Thus, strict criteria for diagnosis have been published and include: malignant melanoma associated with bronchial epithelial changes; a solitary lung tumor; no prior history of skin, mucous membrane, intestinal or ocular melanoma; and absence of any other detectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In this article we present a case of melanoma of the lung without evidence of extra‐pulmonary disease.
Stress profiling of longevity mutants identifies Afg3 as a mitochondrial determinant of cytoplasmic mRNA translation and aging
Authors: Delaney Joe R. , Ahmed Umema , Chou Annie , Sim Sylvia , Carr Daniel , Murakami Christopher J. , Schleit Jennifer , Sutphin George L. , An Elroy H. , Castanza Anthony , Fletcher Marissa , Higgins Sean , Jelic Monika , Klum Shannon , Muller Brian , Peng Zhao J. , Rai Dilreet , Ros Vanessa , Singh Minnie , Wende Helen V. , Kennedy Brian K. , Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAlthough environmental stress likely plays a significant role in promoting aging, the relationship remains poorly understood. To characterize this interaction in a more comprehensive manner, we examined the stress response profiles for 46 long‐lived yeast mutant strains across four different stress conditions (oxidative, ER, DNA damage, and thermal), grouping genes based on their associated stress response profiles. Unexpectedly, cells lacking the mitochondrial AAA protease gene AFG3 clustered strongly with long‐lived strains lacking cytosolic ribosomal proteins of the large subunit. Similar to these ribosomal protein mutants, afg3Δ cells show reduced cytoplasmic mRNA translation, enhanced resistance to tunicamycin that is independent of the ER unfolded protein response, and Sir2‐independent but Gcn4‐dependent lifespan extension. These data demonstrate an unexpected link between a mitochondrial protease, cytoplasmic mRNA translation, and aging.
Rural Clinical Experiences for Emergency Medicine Residents: A Curriculum Template
Authors: Wadman Michael C. , Clark Ted R. , Kupas Douglas F. , Macht Marlow , McLaughlin Steve , Mize Terry , Casaletto Jennifer , Muelleman Robert L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRural emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are less likely to be staffed with emergency medicine (EM) residency–trained and American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM)‐certified physicians than urban EDs. Rural EM clinical experiences during residency training have been suggested as a strategy to encourage future rural practice, but past Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Residency Review Committee for Emergency Medicine program requirements and a lack of familiarity with rural rotations in the EM graduate medical education (GME) community have limited their availability. To provide a template for the development and implementation of a rural EM clinical experience, Kern's six‐step approach was followed.
Effect of a Physician Assistant as Triage Liaison Provider on Patient Throughput in an Academic Emergency Department
Authors: Nestler David M. , Fratzke Alesia R. , Church Christopher J. , Scanlan‐Hanson Lori , Sadosty Annie T. , Halasy Michael P. , Finley Janet L. , Boggust Andy , Hess Erik P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesOvercapacity issues plague emergency departments (EDs). Studies suggest that triage liaison providers (TLPs) may shorten patient length of stay (LOS) and reduce the proportion of patients who leave without being seen (LWBS), but these results are not universal. Previous studies used physicians as TLPs. We evaluated whether a physician assistant (PA), acting as a TLP, would shorten LOS and decrease LWBS rates.MethodsThe authors used an observational cohort controlled before‐and‐after study design with predefined outcome measures, comparing 8 pilot days to 8 control days. The TLP evaluated all Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level 3, 4, and 5 patients, excluding pediatric and behavioral health patients.ResultsA total of 353 patients were included on pilot days and 371 on control days. LOS was shorter on pilot days than control days (median [interquartile range {IQR}] = 229 [168 to 303] minutes vs. 270 [187 to 372] minutes, p < 0.001). Waiting room times were similar between pilot and control days (median [IQR] = 69 [20 to 119] minutes vs. 70 [19 to 137] minutes, p = 0.408), but treatment room times were shorter (median [IQR] = 151 [92 to 223] minutes vs. 187 [110 to 254] minutes, p < 0.001). Finally, a lower proportion of patients LWBS on pilot days (1.4% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe addition of a PA as a TLP was associated with a 41‐minute decrease in median total LOS and a lower proportion of patients who LWBS. The decrease in total LOS is likely attributable to the addition of the TLP, with patients having shorter duration in treatment rooms on pilot days compared to control days.
The Utility of Early Lactate Testing in Undifferentiated Pediatric Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Scott Halden F. , Donoghue Aaron J. , Gaieski David F. , Marchese Ronald F. , Mistry Rakesh D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesFailure to recognize shock contributes to inadequate early resuscitation in many children with sepsis. Serum lactate levels are used to identify adult patients with septic shock, but physical examination diagnosis alone is recommended in pediatric sepsis. The authors sought to test the utility of lactate testing in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The hypothesis was that early hyperlactatemia (serum lactate ≥ 4.0 mmol/L) would be associated with increased risk of organ dysfunction.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of children younger than 19 years with SIRS presenting to a pediatric ED. The primary outcome was organ dysfunction within 24 hours of triage; secondary outcomes included disposition, serious bacterial infection (SBI), treatments, and mortality. Study personnel measured venous lactate level on a point‐of‐care meter, with clinicians blinded to results, and patients received usual care.ResultsA total of 239 subjects were enrolled; 18 had hyperlactatemia. The hyperlactatemia group had a relative risk of 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9 to 16.0) of developing 24‐hour organ dysfunction. As a test for organ dysfunction, hyperlactatemia had a positive likelihood ratio of 5.0, a sensitivity of 31% (95% CI = 13% to 58%), and specificity of 94% (95% CI = 90% to 96%). Subjects with hyperlactatemia were significantly more likely to receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics and fluid boluses; despite increased therapy, they were at significantly increased risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and bacterial infection.ConclusionsAmong undifferentiated children with SIRS, early hyperlactatemia is significantly associated with increased risk of organ dysfunction, resuscitative therapies, and critical illness. The addition of serum lactate testing to the currently recommended clinical assessment may improve early identification of pediatric sepsis requiring resuscitation.
An International View of How Recent‐onset Atrial Fibrillation Is Treated in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rogenstein Carly , Kelly Anne‐Maree , Mason Suzanne , Schneider Sandra , Lang Eddy , Clement Catherine M. , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine if there is practice variation for emergency physicians’ (EPs) management of recent‐onset atrial fibrillation (RAF) in various world regions (Canada, United States, United Kingdom, and Australasia).MethodsThe authors completed a mail and e‐mail survey of members from four national emergency medicine (EM) associations. One prenotification letter and three survey letters were sent to members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP; Canada—1,177 members surveyed), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP; United States—500), College of Emergency Medicine UK (CEM; United Kingdom—1,864), and Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM; Australasia—1,188) as per the modified Dillman technique. The survey contained 23 questions related to the management of adult patients with symptomatic RAF (either a first episode or paroxysmal‐recurrent) where onset is less than 48 hours and cardioversion is considered a treatment option. Data were analyzed using descriptive and chi‐square statistics.ResultsResponse rates were as follows: overall, 40.5%; Canada, 43.0%; United States, 50.1%; United Kingdom, 38.1%; and Australasia, 38.0%. Physician demographics were as follows: 72% male and mean (±SD) age 41.7 (±8.39) years. The proportions of physicians attempting rate control as their initial strategy are United States, 94.0%; Canada, 70.7%; Australasia, 61.1%; and United Kingdom, 43.1% (p < 0.0001). Diltiazem is the predominant agent for rate control in Canada (65.36%) and the United States (95.22%), while metoprolol is used in Australasia (65.94%) and the United Kingdom (67.64%). Cardioversion is attempted at varying rates in Canada (65.9%), Australasia (49.9%), United Kingdom (49.5%), and the United States (25.9%) (p < 0.0001). Pharmacologic cardioversion is attempted first in all regions, with the preferred drug being procainamide in Canada (61.93%) and amiodarone in Australasia (63.39%), the United Kingdom (47.97%), and the United States (22.41%; p < 0.0001). If drugs fail, electrical cardioversion is then attempted in Canada (70.64%), Australasia (46.19%), the United States (29.69%), and the United Kingdom (27.78%; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere is much variation in emergency department (ED) management of RAF among world regions, most markedly for use of rate versus rhythm control, choice of drugs, and use of electrical cardioversion. Canadians are more likely to use an aggressive approach for management of RAF, whereas Americans are more likely to employ conservative management. U.K. and Australasian EPs fall somewhere in the middle. These differences demonstrate the need for better evidence, or better synthesis of existing knowledge, to create guidelines to guide ED management of this common dysrhythmia.
Emergency Medicine Journal Impact Factor and Change Compared to Other Medical and Surgical Specialties
Authors: Reynolds Joshua C. , Menegazzi James J. , Yealy Donald M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesA journal impact factor represents the mean number of citations per article published. Designed as one tool to measure the relative importance of a journal, impact factors are often incorporated into academic evaluation of investigators. The authors sought to determine how impact factors of emergency medicine (EM) journals compare to journals from other medical and surgical specialties and if any change has taken place over time.MethodsThe 2010 impact factors and 5‐year impact factors for each journal indexed by the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports (JCR) were collected, and EM, medical, and surgical specialties were evaluated. The maximum, median, and interquartile range (IQR) of the current impact factor and 5‐year impact factor in each journal category were determined, and specialties were ranked according to the summary statistics. The “top three” impact factor journals for each specialty were analyzed, and growth trends from 2001 through 2010 were examined with random effects linear regression.ResultsData from 2,287 journals in 31 specialties were examined. There were 23 EM journals with a current maximum impact factor of 4.177, median of 1.269, and IQR of 0.400 to 2.176. Of 23 EM journals, 57% had a 5‐year impact factor available, with a maximum of 4.531, median of 1.325, and IQR of 0.741 to 2.435. The top three EM journals had a mean standard deviation (±SD) impact factor of 3.801 (±0.621) and median of 4.142 and a mean (±SD) 5‐year impact factor of 3.788 (±1.091) and median of 4.297, with a growth trend of 0.211 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.177 to 0.245; p < 0.001). By any criterion analyzed, EM journals ranked no higher than 24th among 31 specialties.ConclusionsEmergency medicine journals rank low in impact factor summary statistics and growth trends among 31 medical and surgical specialties.
The D2/3 dopamine receptor in pathological gambling: a positron emission tomography study with [11C]‐(+)‐propyl‐hexahydro‐naphtho‐oxazin and [11C]raclopride
Authors: Boileau Isabelle , Payer Doris , Chugani Bindiya , Lobo Daniela , Behzadi Arian , Rusjan Pablo M. , Houle Sylvain , Wilson Alan A. , Warsh Jerry , Kish Stephen J. , Zack Martin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsPathological gambling (PG) shares diagnostic features with substance use disorder (SUD), but the neurochemical mechanisms underlying PG are poorly understood. Because dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter implicated in reward and reinforcement, is probably involved, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to test whether PG is associated with abnormalities in D2 and D3 receptor levels, as observed in SUD.DesignCase–control study comparing PG to healthy control (HC) subjects.SettingAcademic research imaging centre.ParticipantsThirteen non‐treatment‐seeking males meeting DSM‐IV criteria for PG, and 12 matched HC (11 of whom completed PET).MeasurementsTwo PET scans (one with the D3 receptor preferring agonist [11C]‐(+)‐propyl‐hexahydro‐naphtho‐oxazin (PHNO) and the other with [11C]raclopride) to assess D2/3 DA receptor availability, and behavioural measures (self‐report questionnaires and slot‐machine game) to assess subjective effects and relationships to PET measures.FindingsBinding of both radiotracers did not differ between groups in striatum or substantia nigra (SN) (all P > 0.1). Across PG, [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding in SN, where the signal is attributable primarily to D3 receptors, correlated with gambling severity (r = 0.57, P = 0.04) and impulsiveness (r = 0.65, P = 0.03). In HC, [11C]raclopride binding in dorsal striatum correlated inversely with subjective effects of gambling (r = −0.70, P = 0.03) and impulsiveness (r = −0.70, P = 0.03).ConclusionsUnlike with substance use disorder, there appear to be no marked differences in D2/D3 levels between healthy subjects and pathological gamblers, suggesting that low receptor availability may not be a necessary feature of addiction. However, relationships between [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding and gambling severity/impulsiveness suggests involvement of the D3 receptor in impulsive/compulsive behaviours.
Pan trap catches of pollinator insects vary with habitat
Authors: Saunders Manu E , Luck Gary W 
Published: November 2012

AbstractColoured pan trapping is a simple and efficient method for collecting flying insects, yet there is still discussion over the most effective bowl colour to use for particular target groups (e.g. pollinator insects). The success of particular colours can vary across bioregions and habitats. Most published pan trap studies have been conducted in the northern hemisphere, and very few investigated the effects of habitat on pan trap catches. Our study is one of the first to (1) sample for potential pollinators in Australian mallee vegetation and almond orchards and (2) investigate whether habitat interacts with trap colour to influence pan trap catches. We sampled Hymenoptera and Diptera using yellow, white and blue pan traps in native mallee vegetation and two types of managed almond orchards (monoculture and plant‐diverse) in the Murray Mallee bioregion of north‐western Victoria, Australia. Yellow traps caught the most insects across all habitats, although catches in each colour trap varied with habitat. For all insect groups combined, blue traps caught more individuals in mallee habitats than in almond orchards. For native hymenopterans, yellow traps caught more individuals in plant‐diverse orchards than in native sites, while blue traps caught more individuals in native sites. Our results highlight the importance of considering the habitat of individual pan trapping surveys, as no one trap colour is likely to be suitable for trapping target insects across all habitats.
Enucleation in Iceland 1992–2004: study in a defined population
Authors: Geirsdottir Asbjorg , Agnarsson Bjarni A. , Helgadottir Gudleif , Sigurdsson Haraldur 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the incidence rate as well as causative diagnoses and surgical indications of enucleation in Iceland during the years 1992–2004.Methods:  A retrospective population‐based incidence study involving the entire population of Iceland. Medical records of all patients who underwent enucleation in Iceland from January 1992 through December 2004 were reviewed. The annually updated Icelandic census was used as a denominator data.Results:  Fifty‐six eyes were enucleated during 1992–2004. No eviscerations were done, and the three exenterations performed were not included in the study. The mean annual age‐adjusted incidence rate of enucleation in Iceland was 1.48 enucleations per 100 000 population in comparison with 2.66 enucleations per 100 000 for the time period 1964–1991. With advancing age, a significant increasing linear trend existed (p < 0.001). The median age at enucleation was 51 years (SD 22; mean 55 years; 16–91 years). The three most common surgical indications for enucleation were blind painful eye, suspected ocular malignancy and acute trauma. The most common causative diagnosis for enucleation was traumatic lesion (39%). The annual incidence was 2.00 enucleations per 100 000 for men and 0.95 for women. There were significantly more men in the traumatic lesion group (p < 0.001), but no gender predominance was found in the other groups of causative diagnoses (p = 0.8).Conclusion:  The overall mean annual incidence of enucleation in Iceland is continually decreasing, although the incidence of severe ocular trauma and ocular malignancy is fairly stable.
Association of toll‐like receptor 4 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cai Huayin , Cai Junfeng , Tao Geng 
Published: November 2012

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays important roles in modulating innate immunity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease that is characterized by impaired insulin resistance and dysregulated immune response. In the current study, we investigated whether TLR4 polymorphisms were correlated with susceptibility to T2DM in the Chinese population. Four TLR4 polymorphisms (−2431T/C, Asp299Gly, Thr399Il3, and +3725G/C) were genotyped in 936 T2DM patients and 978 healthy controls. Results showed that the prevalence of TLR4 +3725GC and CC genotypes was significantly decreased in T2DM cases than those in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.55–0.84, p = 0.0003, and OR=0.46, 95% CI = 0.32–0.67, p = 3.71 × 10−5, respectively). Also, the frequency of TLR4 +3725C allele was significantly lower in T2DM patients (p = 2.50 × 10−8). The −2431T/C did not reveal any significant differences between cases and controls. We did not detect Asp299Gly and Thr399Il3 polymorphisms in our study group. Stratification analysis of the clinical features in the patients demonstrated that frequency of +3725CC genotype was lower in patients older than 50 years old (p = 0.047). In conclusion, these results indicate that TLR4 +3725G/C polymorphism may be a novel protective factor against T2DM in the Chinese population.
Effects of intravenous ghrelin injection on plasma growth hormone, insulin and glucose concentrations in calves at weaning
Authors: Fukumori Rika , Mita Takako , Sugino Toshihisa , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Kojima Masayasu , Kangawa Kenji , Obitsu Taketo , Taniguchi Kohzo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGhrelin action, which stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion, may alter during the weaning period in calves. Our objective was to compare the effects of intravenous ghrelin injection on plasma GH, insulin and glucose concentrations in calves around the weaning period. Four Holstein bull calves were fed whole milk and allowed free access to solid feeds, and weaned at 7 weeks of age. Measurements were performed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 13, when calves were intravenously injected with ghrelin (1.0 μg/kg body weight (BW)) through a catheter, and jugular blood samples were obtained temporally relative to the injection time. Estimated digestible energy intake per metabolic BW transiently decreased at week 7 because of low solid intake immediately after weaning, and thereafter gradually increased. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were not affected by ghrelin injection at all ages. In contrast, plasma GH concentrations increased with ghrelin injection at all ages. The incremental area of GH at week 7 was greatest and significantly higher compared with weeks 2, 4, 6 and 9. This result suggests that nutrient insufficiency immediately after weaning enhances GH responsiveness to ghrelin.