bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of atlantoaxial fixation after odontoidectomy
Authors: Chang Peng-Yuan , Yen Yu-Shu , Wu Jau-Ching , Chang Hsuan-Kan , Fay Li-Yu , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Wu Ching-Lan , Huang Wen-Cheng , Cheng Henrich 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Although anterior odontoidectomy has been widely accepted as a procedure for decompression of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), postoperative biomechanical instability has not been well addressed. There is a paucity of data on the necessity for and choice of fixation.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of consecutively treated patients with basilar invagination who underwent anterior odontoidectomy and various types of posterior fixation. Posterior fixation included 1 of 3 kinds of constructs: occipitocervical (OC) fusion with atlantoaxial (AA) fixation, OC fusion without AA fixation, or AA-only (without OC) fixation. On the basis of the use or nonuse of AA fixation, these patients were assigned to either the AA group, in which the posterior fixation surgery involved both the atlas and axis simultaneously, regardless of whether the patient underwent OC fusion, or the non-AA group, in which the OC fusion construct spared the atlas, axis, or both. Clinical outcomes and neurological function were compared. Radiological results at each time point (i.e., before and after odontoidectomy and after fixation) were assessed by calculating the triangular area causing ventral indentation of the brainstem in the CVJ.

RESULTS
Data obtained in 14 consecutively treated patients with basilar invagination were analyzed in this series; the mean follow-up time was 5.75 years. The mean age was 53.58 years; there were 7 males and 7 females. The AA and non-AA groups consisted of 7 patients each. The demographic data of both groups were similar. Overall, there was significant improvement in neurological function after the operation (p = 0.03), and there were no differences in the postoperative Nurick grades between the 2 groups (p = 1.00). According to radiological measurements, significant decompression of the ventral brainstem was achieved stepwise in both groups by anterior odontoidectomy and posterior fixation; the mean ventral triangular area improved from 3.00 ± 0.86 cm2 to 2.08 ± 0.51 cm2 to 1.68 ± 0.59 cm2 (before and after odontoidectomy and after fixation, respectively; p < 0.05). The decompression gained by odontoidectomy (i.e., reduction of the ventral triangular area) was similar in the AA and non-AA groups (0.66 ± 0.42 cm2 vs 1.17 ± 1.42 cm2, respectively; p = 0.38). However, the decompression achieved by posterior fixation was significantly greater in the AA group than in the non-AA group (0.64 ± 0.39 cm2 vs 0.17 ± 0.16 cm2, respectively; p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Anterior odontoidectomy alone provides significant decompression at the CVJ. Adjuvant posterior fixation further enhances the extent of decompression after the odontoidectomy. Moreover, posterior fixation that involves AA fixation yields significantly more decompression of the ventral brainstem than OC fusion that spares AA fixation.
Autologous bone graft versus PEKK cage for vertebral replacement after 1- or 2-level anterior median corpectomy
Authors: Koehler Stefan , Raslan Furat , Stetter Christian , Rueckriegel Stefan Mark , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Westermaier Thomas 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion has become the most widely used procedure for the treatment of multilevel cervical stenosis. Although an autologous bone graft is the gold standard for vertebral replacement after corpectomy, industrial implants have become popular because they result in no donor-site morbidity. In this study, the authors compared clinical and radiological results of autologous iliac grafts versus those of bone-filled polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) cage implants.

METHODS
The clinical and radiological data of 46 patients with degenerative multilevel cervical stenosis and who underwent 1- or 2-level anterior median corpectomy between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed. The patients in Group 1 were treated with vertebral replacement with an autologous iliac graft, and those in Group 2 were treated with a PEKK cage implant. Each patient also underwent osteosynthesis with an anterior plate-screw system. Visual analog scale (VAS) and European Myelopathy Scale scores, loss of height and regional cervical lordosis angle, and complication rates of the 2 groups were compared.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up time was 20 months. In both groups, the VAS and European Myelopathy Scale scores improved significantly. The loss of height was 3.7% in patients with iliac grafts and 5.3% in patients with PEKK implants. The rates of osseous fusion were similar in Groups 1 and 2 (94.7% and 91.3%, respectively). At the end of the follow-up period, none of the patients complained about donor-site pain. One patient in Group 1 suffered a fracture of the iliac bone that required osteosynthesis. Four patients in Group 2 had to receive revision surgery for cage and/or plate-screw dislocation and new neurological deficit or intractable pain.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative pain and radicularand myelopathic symptoms improve after decompression irrespective of the material used for vertebral replacement. The use of PEKK cages for vertebral replacement seems to result in a higher risk of implant-related complications. A prospective randomized study is necessary to supply evidence for the use of autografts and artificial implants after anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Rehmannia glutinosa (Scrophulariaceae), a medicinal herb
Authors: Jiao Zhenbin , Cheng Yueqin , Wang Hongwei , Lei Caiyan , Wang G. Geoff , Han Linjiang 
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:Rehmannia glutinosa (Scrophulariaceae) is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Microsatellite primers were developed and characterized for this species to evaluate its genetic diversity and population genetic structure.Methods and Results:Sixteen microsatellite loci were isolated from R. glutinosa using an enriched genomic library, and these markers were characterized in two wild populations of this species. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 20. A high genetic diversity was observed in two populations, with average observed heterozygosity of 0.812 and 0.794, and average expected heterozygosity of 0.802 and 0.814, respectively.Conclusions:Rehmannia glutinosa is an important medicinal resource. The genetic markers described in our study will be useful for future population genetic studies and molecular breeding programs on this species.
Oncogenic Transformation of Dendritic Cells and Their Precursors Leads to Rapid Cancer Development in Mice
Authors: Böttcher Jan P. , Zelenay Santiago , Rogers Neil C. , Helft Julie , Schraml Barbara U. , Reis e Sousa Caetano 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful APCs that can induce Ag-specific adaptive immune responses and are increasingly recognized as important players in innate immunity to both infection and malignancy. Interestingly, although there are multiple described hematological malignancies, DC cancers are rarely observed in humans. Whether this is linked to the immunogenic potential of DCs, which might render them uniquely susceptible to immune control upon neoplastic transformation, has not been fully investigated. To address the issue, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model in which expression of Cre recombinase driven by the C-type lectin domain family 9, member a (Clec9a) locus causes expression of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras)G12D oncogenic driver and deletion of the tumor suppressor p53 within developing and differentiated DCs. We show that these Clec9aKras-G12D mice rapidly succumb from disease and display massive accumulation of transformed DCs in multiple organs. In bone marrow chimeras, the development of DC cancer could be induced by a small number of transformed cells and was not prevented by the presence of untransformed DCs. Notably, activation of transformed DCs did not happen spontaneously but could be induced upon stimulation. Although Clec9aKras-G12D mice showed altered thymic T cell development, peripheral T cells were largely unaffected during DC cancer development. Interestingly, transformed DCs were rejected upon adoptive transfer into wild-type but not lymphocyte-deficient mice, indicating that immunological control of DC cancer is in principle possible but does not occur during spontaneous generation in Clec9aKras-G12D mice. Our findings suggest that neoplastic transformation of DCs does not by default induce anti-cancer immunity and can develop unhindered by immunological barriers.
A Lymphotoxin/Type I IFN Axis Programs CD8+ T Cells To Infiltrate a Self-Tissue and Propagate Immunopathology
Authors: Ng Dennis , Maître Blandine , Cummings Derek , Lin Albert , Ward Lesley A. , Rahbar Ramtin , Mossman Karen L. , Ohashi Pamela S. , Gommerman Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-I) are cytokines that can mediate both immune suppression and activation. Dendritic cells (DC) are significant producers of IFN-I, and depending on the context (nature of Ag, duration of exposure to Ag), DC-derived IFN-I can have varying effects on CD8+ T cell responses. In this study, we report that in the context of a CD8+ T cell response to a self-Ag, DC-intrinsic expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 is required to induce optimal proliferation and migration of autoreactive CD8+ T cells, ultimately determining their ability to infiltrate a target tissue (pancreas), and the development of glucose intolerance in rat insulin promoter–glycoprotein (RIP-GP) mice. Moreover, we show that signals through the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) in DC are also required for the proliferation of autoreactive CD8+ T cells, the upregulation of VLA4/LFA1 on activated CD8+ T cells, and their subsequent infiltration into the pancreas both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the defects in autoreactive CD8+ T cell proliferation, accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the pancreas, and consequent glucose intolerance observed in the context of priming by LTβR−/− DC could be rescued by exogenous addition of IFN-I. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the LTβR/IFN-I axis is essential for programming of CD8+ T cells to mediate immunopathology in a self-tissue. A further understanding of the IFN-I/LTβR axis will provide valuable therapeutic insights for treatment of CD8+ T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.
Complement Evasion Mediated by Enhancement of Captured Factor H: Implications for Protection of Self-Surfaces from Complement
Authors: Herbert Andrew P. , Makou Elisavet , Chen Zhuo A. , Kerr Heather , Richards Anna , Rappsilber Juri , Barlow Paul N. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In an attempt to evade annihilation by the vertebrate complement system, many microbes capture factor H (FH), the key soluble complement-regulating protein in human plasma. However, FH is normally an active complement suppressor exclusively on self-surfaces and this selective action of FH is pivotal to self versus non-self discrimination by the complement system. We investigated whether the bacterially captured FH becomes functionally enhanced and, if so, how this is achieved at a structural level. We found, using site-directed and truncation mutagenesis, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cross-linking and mass spectrometry, that the N-terminal domain of Streptococcus pneumoniae protein PspC (PspCN) not only binds FH extraordinarily tightly but also holds it in a previously uncharacterized conformation. Functional enhancement arises from exposure of a C-terminal cryptic second binding site in FH for C3b, the activation-specific fragment of the pivotal complement component, C3. This conformational change of FH doubles its affinity for C3b and increases 5-fold its ability to accelerate decay of the binary enzyme (C3bBb) responsible for converting C3 to C3b in an amplification loop. Despite not sharing critical FH-binding residues, PspCNs from D39 and Tigr4 S. pneumoniae exhibit similar FH-anchoring and enhancing properties. We propose that these bacterial proteins mimic molecular markers of self-surfaces, providing a compelling hypothesis for how FH prevents complement-mediated injury to host tissue while lacking efficacy on virtually all other surfaces. In hemolysis assays with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide–treated erythrocytes that recapitulate paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, PspCN enhanced protection of cells by FH, suggesting a new paradigm for therapeutic complement suppression.
The Next Paradigm Shift in Occupational Therapy Education: The Move to the Entry-Level Clinical Doctorate
Authors: Brown Ted , Crabtree Jeffrey L. , Mu Keli , Wells Joe 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The occupational therapy profession in the United States is considering another shift in the level of entry-to-practice education. Currently, all accredited U.S. occupational therapy education programs offer graduate-entry master’s degrees or clinical doctorates. In 2014, the American Occupational Therapy Association Board of Directors published a position statement supporting the idea of moving all entry-level occupational therapy education programs to the clinical doctorate level by 2025. This article provides an overview of the proposed reasons for doing so and the potential impact of this move on future students, education providers, clients and families, employers, and third-party payers and funding bodies along with the implications for the occupational therapy profession internationally. An open, informed, transparent, multiperspective, comprehensive debate about this education paradigm shift is recommended. In August 2015 the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education decided that the entry-level qualification will remain at both the master’s and the doctoral degree; it is anticipated, however, that the move toward the entry-level clinical doctorate will continue.
HvJ 13 mei 2015, zaak C-536/13, Gazprom/Litouwen
Authors: van Zelst B. 
Published: October 2015

HvJ 13 mei 2015, zaak C-536/13, Gazprom/Litouwen: Over de moeizame relatie tussen het Unierecht en arbitrage
Het Hof van Justitie oordeelt dat de EEX-Verordening niet van toepassing is op de erkenning en tenuitvoerlegging van arbitrale anti-suit injunctions. Die vraag wordt beheerst door het nationale en het internationale recht dat van toepassing is in de lidstaat waar de erkenning en tenuitvoerlegging van de anti-suit injunction wordt gezocht.HvJ 13 mei 2015, zaak C-536/13, Gazprom/Litouwen, ECLI:EU:C:2015:316
De rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie op het gebied van het mededingingsrecht: ontwikkelingen in de jaren 2013 en 2014
Authors: Oude Elferink E. , Mattioli E.L.G. 
Published: October 2015

De rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie op het gebied van het mededingingsrecht: ontwikkelingen in de jaren 2013 en 2014
In het onderhavige artikel staan centraal de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen in de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie die zich in de jaren 2013 en 2014 hebben voorgedaan op het gebied van het mededingingsrecht. In verband met de enorme productie van arresten en beschikkingen door het Hof van Justitie op dit terrein komen uitsluitend de meest in het oog springende zaken aan bod
Handhaving van Europees Milieurecht: resultaatsverplichtingen op het terrein van lucht en water
Authors: Fleurke F.M. 
Published: October 2015

Handhaving van Europees Milieurecht: resultaatsverplichtingen op het terrein van lucht en water
In de besproken prejudiciële procedures is het Hof van Justitie verzocht uitspraak te doen over de aard van de in de milieukaderrichtlijnen opgenomen programmatische verplichtingen. In beide arresten heeft het Hof van Justitie de doelstellingen van deze richtlijnen centraal gesteld, hetgeen een einde heeft gemaakt aan de discussie of het in deze richtlijnen wel gaat om resultaatsverplichtingen. De rechtspraak heeft gevolgen voor het Nederlandse beleid dat de programmatische aanpak centraal stelt. Geconcludeerd wordt dat per sector en per richtlijn bekeken moet worden of dit verenigbaar is met het Europese recht. Een generalistische verbreding en uniforme toepassing van de programmatische aanpak staat hiermee op gespannen voet.HvJ 1 juli 2015, zaak C-461/13, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland eV/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2015:433.HvJ 19 november 2014, zaak C-404/13, The Queen, op verzoek van ClientEarth/The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2382 (ClientEarth).
Sustainability in Higher Education: An Exploratory Investigation of Hospitality Management Courses
Authors: Chawla Gaurav , Manhas Parikshat Singh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate students’ perceptions about sustainability curricula in hospitality management degree programmes. Sustainability, a prime business concern, is now a prominent agenda in higher education, and also in hotel management courses. The study is located in India and adopts a positivist epistemological position. Quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires from 250 undergraduate students undergoing hospitality degree programmes in the states of Jammu and Kashmir. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. The findings establish that students are engaged in environmental literacy and view this as an important concern for their future. Respondents who demonstrate greater awareness and concerns in everyday life attach greater importance to such issues in a business context also. Lastly, the mode of delivery of sustainability-related modules deeply impacts students’ attitudes toward this all-important agenda. Sustainability education is most effective when it is embedded into all aspects of the course or forms the overall context within which hospitality management courses are delivered.
Online Community Commitment and Member Loyalty: A PLS-based Study to Examine Chinese Travel and Tourismrelated Online Communities
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Omar Rosmini 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhile the question of how commitment influences user behavior in online communities has recently attracted considerable research, few studies have empirically evaluated the drivers of online community commitment. Building on a conceptual framework of factors affecting commitment with online communities, this study evaluates the influence of individual psychological attachment and online community characteristics on the commitment of its members. Data was collected from 361 members of 3 travel and tourismrelated Chinese online communities. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to analyse the data collected for this study. The findings reveal that both individual psychological attachment and online community characteristics significantly influence commitment in Chinese travel and tourism-related online communities. The results also show that online community commitment significantly contributes to member loyalty. The implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.
Sociocultural Hurdles of Sustainable Hospitality Management
Authors: Binder Annina , Varga Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSustainability in the hospitality industry has been an area of growing interest among stakeholders in the last decades. However, sustainable projects that are often proposed by foreign/international stakeholders have met various obstacles during their implementation. Beyond economic and political barriers, this paper focuses on sociocultural specificities that jeopardize sustainable projects in luxury hotel settings in Bali, Indonesia. Through unique organizational and communal values such as bapakism, banjar, kira kira and suka duka, the paper highlights the complexity of the local sociocultural environment that plays a crucial role in managerial decisions at luxury hotels. Understanding these sociocultural specificities of the Balinese society will facilitate the efficient implementation of projects in the field of sustainable development. In a more general context, the research indicates the importance of both creating awareness of local sociocultural dynamics and establishing efficient intercultural communication among stakeholders that influence the future success of development projects in Bali.
Successful childhood obesity management in primary care in Canada: what are the odds?
Authors: Kuhle Stefan , Doucette Rachel , Piccinini-Vallis Helena , Kirk Sara F.L. 
Published: October 2015

Background.The management of a child presenting with obesity in a primary care setting can be viewed as a multi-step behavioral process with many perceived and actual barriers for families and primary care providers. In order to achieve the goal of behavior change and, ultimately, clinically meaningful weight management outcomes in a child who is considered obese, all steps in this process should ideally be completed. We sought to review the evidence for completing each step, and to estimate the population effect of secondary prevention of childhood obesity in Canada.Methods.Data from the 2009/2010 Canadian Community Health Survey and from a review of the literature were used to estimate the probabilities for completion of each step. A flow chart based on these probabilities was used to determine the proportion of children with obesity that would undergo and achieve clinically meaningful weight management outcomes each year in Canada.Results.We estimated that the probability of a child in Canada who presents with obesity achieving clinically meaningful weight management outcomes through secondary prevention in primary care is around 0.6% per year, with a range from 0.01% to 7.2% per year. The lack of accessible and effective weight management programs appeared to be the most important bottleneck in the process.Conclusions.In order to make progress towards supporting effective pediatric obesity management, efforts should focus on population-based primary prevention and a systems approach to change our obesogenic society, alongside the allocation of resources toward weight management approaches that are comprehensively offered, equitably distributed and robustly evaluated.
Influence of plate tectonic mode on the coupled thermochemical evolution of Earth's mantle and core
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Tackley Paul J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigate the influence of tectonic mode on the thermochemical evolution of simulated mantle convection coupled to a parameterized core cooling model. The tectonic mode is controlled by varying the friction coefficient for brittle behavior, producing the three tectonic modes: mobile lid (plate tectonics), stagnant lid, and episodic lid. The resulting compositional structure of the deep mantle is strongly dependent on tectonic mode, with episodic lid resulting in a thick layer of subducted basalt in the deep mantle, whereas mobile lid produces only isolated piles and stagnant lid no basaltic layering. The tectonic mode is established early on, with subduction initiating at around 60 Myr from the initial state in mobile and episodic cases, triggered by the arrival of plumes at the base of the lithosphere. Crustal production assists subduction initiation, increasing the critical friction coefficient. The tectonic mode has a strong effect on core evolution via its influence on deep mantle structure; episodic cases in which a thick layer of basalt builds up experience less core heat flow and cooling and a failed geodynamo. Thus, a continuous mobile‐lid mode existing from early times matches Earth's mantle structure and core evolution better than an episodic mode characterized by large‐scale flushing (overturn) events.