bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NORMATIVE DATA FOR MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY IN MALE SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Bittencourt N , Ocarino J , Sorrentino F , Jales F , Gabriel S , Mendonça L , Fonseca S 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundMuscular tightness is frequently postulated as an intrinsic risk factor for a muscle injury in soccer. Further, hamstring, iliopsoas and quadriceps flexibility measurements are of clinical relevance for monitoring recovery after such injury.ObjectiveDescribe normative data of flexibility for the hamstring, iliopsoas and quadriceps.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe modified Thomas test was used to measure flexibility for iliopsoas and quadriceps. The passive knee extension test was used to determine the hamstring flexibility. The ICC of these tests range from 0.97 to 0.99. All these measurements were performed at Sports Injuries Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory.Participants182 elite male soccer players participated in this study; the means for age were of 18.3±3.6 years, body mass of 73.3±8.5 kg and height of 1.78±10.6 m.Assessment of risk factorsHamstring, iliopsoas and quadriceps flexibility.ResultsFor the iliopsoas and quadriceps flexibility the means were -6.76°± 5.7 and 55.2°±8.35 in the dominant leg (DL) and –7.6°±5.1 and 53.1°±8.2 in the non-dominant leg (NDL), respectively. The hamstring means were 134°±8.5 in the DL and 134.7°±8.3 in the NDL. The DL were significantly less flexible than the NDL for iliopsoas (P<.0001) and for the quadriceps the NDL were less flexible (P<.0001).ConclusionsThe study has provided normative data for a clinical test measuring flexibility of the hamstring, iliopsoas and quadriceps. The athletes had asymmetries between limbs for the MTT and had hamstring flexibility values similar to injured soccer players. Therefore, the flexibility assessment should be performed in preseason to guide preventive interventions and provide baseline values to rehabilitation parameters after a muscle strain.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRONTAL PLANE KNEE ANGLE AND SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF KNEE CONTROL DURING A SINGLE-LEG SQUAT
Authors: Räisänen A , Pasanen K , Parkkari J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundKnee valgus angles have been identified as important predictors of ACL injury risk. To screen for athletes with poor dynamic knee stability simple field tests are needed.ObjectivePurpose of this study was to find out if the subjective assessment of knee control in the single-leg squat task correlates with the two-dimensional video analysis of frontal plane knee angles.DesignSingle-measure.SettingThe study took place at the UKK Institute, in Tampere, Finland from April 2011 to May 2013.Participants480 floorball, basketball, ice-hockey and volleyball players, out of which 283 were females (mean age 17 years, SD 4) and 197 were males (mean age 16 years, SD 2) .Risk factor assessmentThe subject's ability to control the knee during the single-leg squat was assessed by an observer from the front side of the subject. The subjects squatted down to a 90 degree knee flexion angle. A scale from 0 to 2, where 0 equals “good performance” and 2 “poor performance”, was used. Frontal plane knee angles were calculated for each valid trial from the video image.Main outcome measurementsSubjective assessment of knee control, mean frontal plane knee angle.ResultsThe mean frontal plane knee angles were different among subjects rated “good performance” (right 2°, SD 7; left 1°, SD 7), “reduced performance” (right 10°, SD 9; left 8°, SD 7) or “poor performance” (right 20°, SD 9; left 18°, SD 9). These differences were statistically significant (P<.001) for right and left leg.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the subjective assessment on knee control during a single-leg squat task is a suitable tool to screen for athletes with reduced knee control. In future, studies it is necessary to study if the athletes identified having poor or reduced control are in greater risk of knee injury.
INJURY TO THE HEAD REGION IN ELITE MALE GAELIC FOOTBALL AND HURLING: 2007–2012
Authors: Blake C , John M , Conor G , O'Malley E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundGaelic football and hurling are national sports of Ireland. The Gaelic Athletic Association has supported the development of an injury database as a platform for injury prevention.ObjectiveTo report on epidemiology of head injury, in teams registered to the National Injury Database (2007–2012).DesignProspective injury surveillance.SettingElite level teams.ParticipantsMale players selected for representative county teams were enrolled, with consent, to the database. Identities were concealed and data collected from January 1st each year until elimination from the inter-county competition.Assessment of risk factorsInjury incidence was measured prospectively.Main outcome measuresA time-loss injury definition was used, conforming to international consensus definitions. The team doctor or Chartered physiotherapist recorded date, type and circumstances of injury, as well as date of return to partial or full fitness. Injury incidence was expressed as rate per 1000 hours participation in match-play and training. Injury proportions were calculated.ResultsThirty-five football and 28 hurling squads participated. There were 1188 football players and 914 hurlers in total over the 6 years. Injuries to the head region constituted 3.0% of football injuries and 2.4% of hurling injuries. The head injury incidence rate was 0.26 per 1000 hours of football and 0.19 per 1000 hours of hurling overall. Concussion was diagnosed in 0.8% football and 0.8% hurling injuries. Fractures to the nose constituted 0.7% football injuries and 0.3% hurling injuries. Fractured mandible was reported in football (0.2% injuries) and fractured maxilla/orbit in hurling (0.08%). Perforated eardrum was reported in both football (0.08%) and hurling (0.09%). Lacerations and contusions accounted for 0.9% injuries for football and 0.8% for hurling. There was an additional retinal bleed (0.09%) and dental injury (0.09%) in hurling.ConclusionsThe results provide reference data for head injury in these sports, against which injury prevention methods can be evaluated.
ACUTE LEFT SIDED NUMBNESS AND WEAKNESS IN A WEIGHTLIFTER
Authors: Reeser J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDietary supplements unregulated by the USFDA carry a risk not only of unintentional doping but of other health disturbances as well.ObjectiveTo describe a case of neurological dysfunction following prolonged supplement consumption.DesignCase study.SettingOutpatient clinic and tertiary hospital.PatientAn 18-yr male with a history of multiple concussions presented with acute progressive left-sided numbness and paresthesias while weight-lifting. Within the hour, he noted numbness and paresthesias in the left lower limb and left face. Past history was significant for a sustained weight loss of 23 kg over the past two years, coincident with dietary supplementation, and dedicated weight-lifting. He had developed symptoms of acrocyanosis over this interval. He took no prescribed medications. On exam he was sleepy and minimally confused. He demonstrated subtle motor weakness in both the left upper and lower limbs. There was no hyperreflexia. Light touch was subjectively diminished on the left.InterventionHe was admitted for observation with the following differential diagnosis: 1) Right hemispheric stroke, 2) Thoracic outlet syndrome, 3) Cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy.ResultsMRI of the cervical spine and brain were unremarkable. Delayed MRA of the brain also proved benign, as did 2D Echocardiograpy. Serology for hypercoaguable state was unremarkable. Subsequent testing revealed a toxic B6 level, (3×the upper limit of the normal reference range).Clinical outcomeThe majority of symptoms resolved within 18 hours. He was advised to discontinue all nutritional supplements. His cognitive symptoms steadily improved. Three months post-incident he continued to complain of acrocyanosis. Final diagnosis: 1) Sequelae of probable cerebral vasospasm, possibly due to valsalva, 2) Hypervitaminosis B6.ConclusionPractitioners should be aware of the potential adverse nutritional consequences of supplement consumption. The extent to which this case was influenced by the history of concussions is unknown, but should not be dismissed.
PROFILE OF JUDO INJURIES: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE
Authors: San Juan Reylin 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on judo injuries in Western countries have been carried out before. Scant information is available on judo competition injuries in the Philippines.ObjectiveTo assess injury rates in Filipino young and adult judo athletes.DesignProspective.SettingData were collected at the 2012 Philippine National Games in Dumaguete City, Philippines using a standardized questionnaire.ParticipantsSubjects were senior men (n=102) and Senior Women (n=40) as well as junior men (n=42) and Junior Women (n=25). The tournament was open to all eligible judo athletes in the country, including members from the National Team. Junior category was 19 years old and below, while the senior division was open.Risk factor assessmentCompetition injuries were assessed by the tournament physician.Main outcome measurementsInjury rate per athlete-exposures (A-E).ResultsThe injury rate for the men was 140.63/1,000 A-E (95% CI: 75.66–205.60) and for the women, 52.24/1,000 A-E (95% CI: 13.54.90.94). For the boys, the rate was 177.08 (95% CI: 92.90–261.26) and for the girls, 31.25 (95% CI: 12.06–74.56). The upper limbs were most susceptible to injury in both men and women with injury rates of 70.31/1,000 A-E (95% CI: 24.37–116.25) and 37.31/1,000 A-E (95% CI: 4.60–70.02), respectively.ConclusionsThere was no difference in injury rate between the men and the boys. There also was no difference in injury rate between women and girls.
THE EFFICACY OF THE FIFA 11+ PROGRAM IN THE COLLEGIATE MALE SOCCER PLAYER (USA)
Authors: Silvers H , Mandelbaum B , Bizzini M , Dvorak J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe efficacy of the FIFA 11+ program in collegiate soccer.ObjectiveCan the FIFA 11+ effectively reduce injury in the competitive male soccer player?.DesignProspective randomized controlled trial conducted in the NCAA. Every institution (N=411) was contacted via a formal letter, email and phone call. Sixty-one institutions consented to participate. Human ethics approval was acquired through Quorum IRB, Seattle, WA, USA. The intervention group received an instructional DVD, manual and placards. A injury surveillance database was utilized (HealtheAthleteTM, Kansas) for data collection. Every exposure, injury, and compliance data was entered weekly.SettingNCAA institutions playing competitive soccer.Participants61 institutions completed the study: 34 control (N=850 athletes) and 27 intervention (N=675 athletes).InterventionThe FIFA 11+ injury prevention program served as the intervention program. It was utilized three times per week for the duration of the season.Main outcome measurementsSpecific injuries, athletic exposures, program compliance and time loss were recorded.ResultsIn the intervention Group (IG), 285 injuries were reported (mean=10.56 injuries/team+/− 3.64) compared to 665 injuries (mean=20.15 +/− 11.01) in the control group (CG). The number of athletic exposures was 35,226 (Games: 10 935 AE, Practice: 24 291AE) for the IG and 44 212 (Games: 13 624 AE, Practice: 30 588 AE) in the CG). The incidence rate (IR) was 8.09/1000 AE (95% CI) in the IG compared to 15.04/1000 AE (95% CI) in the CG (P=.00117). Total days missed due to injury was 2 824 (mean=9.94) in the IG compared to 8776 days (mean=13.20) in the CG.Conclusions:The FIFA 11+ was shown to reduce injury rates and time loss in the male collegiate soccer player in a statistically significant manner.
A FIVE-YEAR INVESTIGATION INTO THE INCIDENCE AND NATURE OF CRICKET INJURIES IN ELITE SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLBOY CRICKETERS
Authors: Stretch R 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInjury surveillance is fundamental to understanding, preventing and reducing the risk of injury.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine the incidence of injuries sustained by elite schoolboy cricketers over five-seasons in order to identify risk factors.DesignEthics approval for this study was obtained. Participants were required to complete questionnaires relating to cricket injuries sustained in the previous year. This included (i) anatomical site; (ii) month; (iii) cause; (iv) whether it was a recurrence of a previous injury, (v) whether the injury had reoccurred again during the season, and (vi) biographical data.SettingsCricketers competing in national age-group tournaments participated.ParticipantsProvincial age-group cricketers (n=3 600) participates in the study with 2 081 (58%) questionnaires completed.Risk factor assessmentInjuries were grouped according to the anatomical region injured. The Sample Statistical Analysis System was used to compute univariate statistics and frequency distributions.Main outcome measuresInjury patterns for young cricketers would be similar to that of adult cricketers, with slight variations at different age-groups.Results572 cricketers sustained 658 injuries with the U15, U17 and U18 groups sustaining 36%, 35% and 29% of the injuries, respectively. U15 cricketers sustained less serious injuries (unable to play for 1–7 days) (58%). The U17 (54%) and U18 (51%) groups sustained more serious injuries (unable to play for more than 8 days). Injuries were predominantly to the lower limbs (38%), back and trunk (33%) and upper (26%) limbs with bowling (44%) the primary mechanism of injury. These injuries occurred primarily during 1-day matches (30%), practices (29%) and gradual onset (21%).ConclusionSimilar injury patterns occurred in studies of adult cricketers, with slight differences in the nature and incidence of injuries found for the various age-groups. Fast bowlers of all ages remain at the greatest risk of injury.
COORDINATIVE ABILITY VARIABLES AMONG TENNIS AND SQUASH MEN PLAYERS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Syed I , Kanniyan A , Al Moslim H , Syed MA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSports performance is achieved through working, training of all major components i.e. technique coordination, tactics, physical fitness and psychological qualities. This apart coordinative abilities like orientation, differentiation, reaction, balance and rhythm play a big role.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the relationship among coordinative abilities between Tennis and Squash men players.DesignCross-sectional.ParticipantsThe samples were 20 Tennis and 30 Squash Inter University players between 18–25 years.Main outcome measurementsThe coordinative abilities studied were orientation, differentiation, reaction, balance and rhythmic. Test items used for different abilities were Zigzag run, backward medicine ball throw, lateral jumping ability, beam walk and long nose tests to find the difference in performance of the players. Mean, standard deviation and ‘t’ test were used as statistical tools and level of significance was 0.05 .ResultsThe study showed quite interesting results as the game of tennis and squash are racket games and have many skills very similar to each other. The difference lies in the area of the court, the equipment used for play and the time limit of game. Tennis players have shown better performance in Orientation, differentiation, balance and rhythmic abilities due to the above difference and is in line with other studies done by Lees (2008), Miller,et al.(2001) etc. The only variable in which the squash players have shown some significance is the reaction ability which may be due to small area of play and the need to be quick as the time is too short to respond to the shots during the game.ConclusionIt is concluded that there exists significant difference in terms of all the coordinating abilities between the tennis and squash players and that the tennis players possessed better coordinating abilities than the squash players.
RISK FACTORS FOR SPORT INJURY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: ARE CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER OR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AT GREATER RISK OF INJURY?
Authors: Tan B , Carnduff R , McKay C , Kang J , Romiti M , Nasuti G , Hurtubise K , Jarus T , Boyd L , Doyle-Baker P , Wilson B , Emery C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundStudies examining risk factors for sport injury in elementary school children are few. The risk of sport injury in special populations including Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has not been previously examined.ObjectiveTo examine risk factors for sport injury in elementary school students (ages 9–12), including special populations (DCD and ADHD).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA survey was sent home with students in 26 randomly selected Calgary (Canada) elementary schools.ParticipantsChildren ages 9–12 years (n=540).Risk factor assessmentThe primary risk factors of interest were probable DCD (pDCD) and ADHD. Other risk factors considered included age, sex, ethnicity, highest level of parent education, stressful life events (previous year), receiving coaching in at least 1 sport, and body mass index.Main outcome measurementsInjury definitions included any sport injury in the previous year and sport injury in the previous year requiring medical attention.ResultsBased on univariate Poisson regression (adjusted for exposure hours and cluster) the risk of all sport injury in the previous year in typically developing children did not differ from children with either pDCD (n=150, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR=1.02 [95% CI 0.7–1.5]) or ADHD (n=87, IRR=0.94 [95% CI 0.58–1.55]). Children with ADHD were at a greater risk of sport injury requiring medical attention compared to those without ADHD (IRR: 1.82 [95% CI 1.23–2.68]). No other risk factors were identified based on univariate analysis.ConclusionsChildren (9–12 years) with pDCD and ADHD were at a similar risk of sport injury in the previous year as typically developing children. Children with ADHD were at an 82% greater risk of sport injury requiring medical attention than children without the disorder. This study will inform the development of injury prevention strategies for future studies in elementary school targeting children with ADHD.
INTERNATIONAL HIKER WITH ACETAZOLAMIDE-INDUCED GLAUCOMA
Authors: Tierney M , Pujalte G 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThis is a 63-year-old female hiker with normal corrected vision followed status post emergent surgery secondary to bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG). She was started on acetazolamide by a travel clinic for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis (AMS) prior to hiking Machu Picchu in Peru. Six days later, she rapidly developed blurry vision, headache and nausea. She had mild blurry vision at high altitude, but following descent, she rapidly developed near-irreversible blindness, with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 60 mm Hg. She required bilateral iridotomies at the Hospital de Clinicas Pinchincha in Quito, Ecuador. Following the procedure, she was started on prednisone and high-dose acetazolamide. Her vision remained blurry with an elevated IOP of 15mm Hg, prior to flying back to the United States for further management.ObjectiveExamining a rare case and understanding the mechanism behind acetazolamide-induced glaucoma.DesignCase Report.SettingMachu Picchu, Peru; Hospital de Clinicas Pichincha in Quito, Ecuador; and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.ParticipantA 63-year-old American hiker.InterventionsPeripheral iridotomies in Ecuador and discontinuation of acetazolamide in the United States.Main outcome measurementsSlit-lamp, iridotomy, and intraocular pressure readings.ResultsReturn to baseline visual acuity with normal intraocular pressures following the discontinuation of acetazolamide.ConclusionsAACG is a rare side effect of acetazolamide reported in few patients following cataract surgery. This is the first case report of acetazolamide-induced glaucoma seen in a hiker secondary to the prophylactic dose for AMS. This case report highlights the potential harmful side effects of acetazolamide at low doses, pertinent for international hikers and any conditioned athletes who rapidly ascend or fly to high altitudes.Figure 1Ciliochoroidal Edema.Figure 2Ciliary Body edema (CB)..
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDIATORS BETWEEN PAIN AND SELF-REPORTED HEALTH IN ELITE ATHLETIC ATHLETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO INFORM OVERUSE INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Timpka T , Dahlström Ö , Bergdahl M , Lundgren D , Bargoria V , Jacobsson J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundUnderstanding how sensations of pain affect health status appraisal among athletics athletes is of importance for prevention of overuse injuries. Identification of psychological mediators of the association opens for new intervention possibilities.ObjectiveTo examine psychological mediators of the association between pain and self-reported health in elite athletics athletes.DesignCross-sectional study using e-epidemiological survey methods.SettingSwedish male and female youth and adult elite athletics athletes.ParticipantsAthletics athletes ranked in the national top-10 were invited (n=301). 226 (75%) athletes returned complete data.Risk factor assessmentPain measured on a 3-graded scale; the psychological mediators perceived motivational climate (measured by the PMCSQ), coping behavior (Brief Cope), body consciousness and hyperactivity (BCS-ADHD), and commitment to exercise (CES).Main outcome easurementsSelf-reported health (EuroQol-5D).Results85 (38%) athletes reported experiencing pain at the time of the study. The level of pain was associated with the self-reported health (P<.001); the strength of the association did not differ between men and women (P=.720). A multi-component model of psychological elements mediating the association between pain and self-rated health included body competence (Mediation Effect (ME) −1.053 (90% CI −2.025 – −0.082), private body consciousness (ME –0.744 (90% CI –1.478 – −0.010), and a perceived motivational climate endorsing mastery (ME –0.623 (90% CI –1.229 – −0.017). No influence from gender or age on the mediating effects could be statistically confirmed.ConclusionsAwareness of internal sensations (private body consciousness), an affirmative evaluation of own body functions (body competence), and a perceived endorsement of athletic development (mastery) augmented the influence of pain on self-reported health among elite athletic athletes. This paradoxical observation warrants further investigation in prospective studies on associations between pain, perceived health, athlete and coach behaviors, and overuse injury in elite athletics athletes.