bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different in Vitro Testing Methods for Mechanical Properties of Veneer Ceramics/ Евалуација На Тестовите In Vitro За Одредување На Механичките Особини На Порцеланските Маси За Фасетирање
Authors: Mijoska Aneta , Popovska Mirjana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prosthetic restorations in the patient mouth are often damaged by esthetic and functional problems that reduce their success and longevity.
Аim: To evaluate methods for testing mechanical characteristics of dental ceramics through analysis of different testing methods.
Material and methods: Dental ceramic materials are tested with in vivo and in vitro methods for their most important mechanical characteristics: hardness, toughness, flexural strength and abrasion. In vitro testing methods are faster and more efficient, without subjective factors from the patient according to ISO standards. Testing is done with universal testing machines, like Zwick 1445, Universal Testing Machine (Zwick DmbH & Co.KG, Ulm, Germany), Instron 4302 (Instron Corporation, England), MTS Sintech ReNew 1123 or in oral chewing simulators.
Results: According to the testing results, flexure strength is one of the most important characteristic of the dental ceramic to be tested, by the uniaxial and biaxial tests. Uniaxial tests three-point and four-point flexure are not most appropriate because the main stress on the lower side of the tested specimens is tension that causes beginning fractures at the places with superficial flow. Uniaxial results for flexural strength are lower than actual force, while with biaxial test defects and flows on the edges of tested specimens are not directly loaded.
Conclusion: Biaxial flexural method has advantages over uniaxial because of real strength results, but also for simple shape and preparing of the testing specimens.
Traumatic spine injuries in children. Experience on 434 cases and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Tascu A. , Exergian Fl. , Daniel S. , Iliescu A. , Pascal C. , Popescu G. , Iencean St.M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Traumatic spine injuries in pediatric patients have a low incidence, mainly due to a more flexible spine and is a specific matter in comparison to spinal injury in adults. Pediatric spine fractures constitute 1 to 3% of all pediatric fractures. Between 20 % and 60% of the fractures occur in the lumbar and thoracic spine. These spine injury appeared most frequently in sport events, followed by traffic events and accidental falling. The vast majority of the children with spinal trauma had grade D and E lesions on Frankel scale and had a good recovery in 1 to 3 months after the event. Prognosis and outcome is better in children with spine trauma, reducing toward adolescence and in young adults and the death rate was extremely low compared to the adult population
Intraoperative neuronavigation integrated high resolution 3D ultrasound for brainshift and tumor resection control
Authors: Giovani A. , Brehar F. , Bucur Narcisa , Martin D. , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The link between the neurosurgeon’s knowledge and the scientific improvements made a dramatic change in the field expressed both in impressive drop in the mortality and morbidity rates that were operated in the beginning of the XXth century and in operating with high rates of success cases that were considered inoperable in the past. Neuronavigation systems have been used for many years on surgical orientation purposes especially for small, deep seated lesions where the use of neuronavigation is correlated with smaller corticotomies and with the extended use of transulcal approaches. The major problem of neuronavigation, the brainshift once the dura is opened can be solved either by integrated ultrasound or intraoperative MRI which is out of reach for many neurosurgical departments. METHOD: The procedure of neuronavigation and ultrasonic localization of the tumor is described starting with positioning the patient in the visual field of the neuronavigation integrated 3D ultrasonography system to the control of tumor resection by repeating the ultrasonographic scan in the end of the procedure. DISCUSSION: As demonstrated by many clinical trials on gliomas, the more tumor removed, the better long term control of tumor regrowth and the longer survival with a good quality of life. Of course, no matter how aggressive the surgery, no new deficits are acceptable in the modern era neurosurgery. There are many adjuvant methods for the neurosurgeon to achieve this maximal and safe tumor removal, including the 3T MRI combined with tractography and functional MRI, the intraoperative neuronavigation and neurophysiologic monitoring in both anesthetized and awake patients. The ultrasonography integrated in neuronavigaton comes as a welcomed addition to this adjuvants to help the surgeon achieve the set purpose. CONCLUSION: With the use of this real time imaging device, the common problem of brainshift encountered with the neuronavigation systems is covered and any eventual tumor residue can be spotted by ultrasonography and resected
Liponeurocytoma of Cerebellum: rare entity, case based study
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Mahapatra A.K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma (LNC) is a very rare neuroepithelial tumor. About thirty eight cases have been reported, in literature till date, mostly in the form of isolated case reports due to rarity of the occurrence. Authors report interesting case in 27-year old male presented with headache and cerebellar signs. MRI imaging revealed posterior fossa mass. He underwent sub occipital ctraniectomy with gross total resection of lesion. Histopathological report of specimen was consistent with liponeurocytoma with range of MIb index less than three. He is under regular follow-up. However he was not advised any adjuvant therapy. Diagnosis of LNC requires high index of suspicion and neuroimaging with typical MRI findings may be help to confirm the diagnosis. The tumor needs to be differentiated from medulloblastoma, which is far more common and aggressive and requires post-operative chemo-radiation and carries poor prognosis Management and pertinent literature will be reviewed
Migration and Sub-galeal coiling of distal components of V-P shunt in a 2-year-boy: Does Electrical stimulation as part of physiotherapy is cause or casual association?
Authors: Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Mahapatra A.K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery in resource constrained centre still remains, most common form of treatment for hydrocephalus. The V. P. shunt complications can occur along entire course of shunt, distal complications are obstruction of catheter, cerebrospinal fluid ascites, abscess and ulceration of skin. However, total cranial migration and getting coiled in subgaleal space, of peritoneal catheter end is very rare occurrence and is reported in only seven cases as isolated case- report in western literature, further more rare is associated extrusion of ventricular catheter and rarer is subgaleal coiling of both peritoneal and ventricular end. Author reports a rare and unique case of complete migration of peritoneal catheter into subgaleal space in a 2-year old boy associated, with partial extrusion of ventricular end, the child was also given electric stimulation by untrained physiotherapist along the shunt tract, which might have facilitated cranial migration of distal catheter in our case. Pertinent literature is briefly reviewed
Labour Taxation – A Comparative Study
Authors: Radu Claudia Florina , Dumiter Florin , Opret Laura 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In our paper we aim to analyze the tax wedge between labor costs and net wage, this being the main indicator for assessing the tax burden on labor. We analyze the components of the tax wedge and its evolution in time, in the OECD countries and in Romania. In this way we can get an image of the total labor cost, observing that our country belongs to countries where labor taxes have a very high level. Thus, from our analysis we showed that in Romania the tax wedge is around 42%, while the OECD average was only 35.9%. In these circumstances it is necessary to adopt certain measures for shifting the tax burden from labor to other tax bases, with the purpose of a fiscal relaxation of labor income
„Zurück zu Schleiermacher! und von Schleiermacher aus vorwärts!“
Authors: Hege Brent A. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.
Friedrich Schleiermachers Erwählungslehre und ihre Fortschreibung in der Theologie Karl Barths
Authors: Gockel Matthias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe article compares the doctrine of election in the theology of Friedrich Schleiermacher, particularly his magisterial essay on the topic from 1819, and the theology of Karl Barth between 1920 and 1925. It argues that both positions are strikingly similar, in regard to both their critical evaluation of the tradition and their constructive proposals for a new foundation. Both theologians offer a theocentric reassessment that shuns the particularism of previous approaches and affirms the unity of the divine will. Schleiermacher defends the Augustinian-Calvinist view of election as a bulwark against Manichaeism and Pelagianism. Still, he criticizes the idea of eternal damnation and argues that the concept of reprobation instead should be understood as a temporal ‘passing over’. The kingdom of God is realized gradually, not in one instant. Similarly, for Barth predestination is not a pre-temporal decree that divides human beings into two separate groups of persons but is actualized ever anew in history, when God’s address entails the miracle of faith through the work of the Holy Spirit. The twofold possibility of faith and unbelief is constitutive for the human encounter with God, and it concerns believers and unbelievers alike, since no person is forever exclusively elect or reprobate. Barth also insists that the relation between reprobation and election is non-dualistic and teleological: predestination is a movement
„Politische Romantik“ und „Sozialistische Entscheidung“.
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLittle is known on the history of reception of Carl Schmitt's works by Christian theologians. One trace can, however, be identified: it leads us back to Paul Tillich, who began using the term “Politische Romantik” (political romanticism) no later than the early 1930s. The present contribution demonstrates this fact by citing a key text of Tillich's, the 1932 essay entitled “Sozialistische Entscheidung” (socialist decision). One of the central insights lies in the fact that this text was not, as is usually assumed by extant research on Tillich, subjected to Nazi book burnings, was not even banned, but remained on the shelves relatively unscathed. This can be shown by looking at the inventories of domestic and foreign libraries.
Power and Empire in the Study of Nineteenth-Century Theology: The Case of Schleiermacher
Authors: Rieger Joerg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFriedrich Schleiermacher’s work appears in new perspective when examined in the context of his little-known studies of far-away countries such as Australia and its inhabitants as well as the “colonial phantasies” of his time. His views of the Jewish religion and its practitioners can also be reassessed in this light. As the connections between the flows of power and ideas are examined, a deeper understanding of Schleiermacher’s theology emerges both in terms of its limitations and its potential. This deeper understanding also throws new light on more overarching matters in Schleiermacher research, such as the character of his philosophical method and his hermeneutic.
Gleichung mit (zu?) vielen Unbekannten: Nachhaltige Bankenstrukturen durch Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsplanung?
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Detaillierte Vorgaben für die Erstellung von Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsplänen sind ein Kernbestandteil des neuen, inzwischen EU-weit harmonisierten Rechtsrahmens für die Bewältigung von Bankeninsolvenzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag lotet die Dimension der damit eröffneten Kompetenzen für die präventive Einwirkung insbesondere auf grenzüberschreitende Gruppen von Finanzintermediären und deren Potenzial für die Schaffung nachhaltiger Unternehmensstrukturen im Finanzsektor aus, illustriert aber auch die auf diesem Weg zu bewältigenden Unwägbarkeiten.
Der Vorschlag einer EU-Verordnung zu Indizes bei Finanzinstrumenten (Benchmark-VO)
Authors: Spindler Gerald 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Skandale um die Manipulation des LIBOR und des EURIBOR, die ein vorher nicht gekanntes Ausmaß angenommen haben, führten zu unverzüglichen Reaktionen der verschiedenen Gesetzgeber. Mittlerweile liegt auch ein Vorschlag von Kommission und Rat zur Regulierung der sog. Benchmarks vor, der ausführlich analysiert wird.
Die Verjährung im Anlegerschutzrecht
Authors: Harnos Rafael 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Im Dezember 2011 hat eine Klagewelle die deutschen Gerichte und Gütestellen überflutet. Enttäuschte Anleger wollten ihre Investitionsentscheidungen rückgängig machen und haben den Zeitpunkt nicht rein zufällig gewählt: Nach dem seit 2002 geltenden Verjährungsrecht mussten Anleger, die in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren investiert haben, ihre potentiellen Ansprüche spätestens zum Ende des Jahres 2011 aktiv verfolgen, um sie nicht faktisch zu verlieren. Inzwischen erreichen immer mehr Verfahren die Berufungs- und Revisionsinstanzen, so dass die Anzahl der veröffentlichten Entscheidungen erheblich gestiegen ist. Der Beitrag ordnet systematisch die jüngst ergangenen Judikate und setzt sich mit ihnen vertieft auseinander.
Bitcoin als Evolution des Geldes: Herausforderungen, Risiken und Regulierungsfragen
Authors: Lerch Marcus P. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Bitcoin sind als prominenteste Vertreter einer privaten virtuellen Währung in den Fokus der internationalen Regulierungsbehörden geraten. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt die Herausforderungen der rechtlichen Erfassung dieses digitalen Geldes auf und plädiert in der Debatte um eine schärfere Regulierung des Bitcoin-Netzwerks für Zurückhaltung.
Pediatric Liver Transplant Center Volume and the Likelihood of Transplantation
Authors: Rana Abbas , Pallister Zachary , Halazun Karim , Cotton Ronald , Guiteau Jacfranz , Nalty Courtney C. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Goss John A. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:
Low case volume has been associated with poorer surgical outcomes in a multitude of surgical procedures. We studied the association among low case volume, outcomes, and the likelihood of pediatric liver transplantation.

METHODS:
We studied a cohort of 6628 candidates listed in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for primary pediatric liver transplantation between 2002 and 2012; 4532 of the candidates went on to transplantation. Candidates were divided into groups according to the average volume of yearly transplants performed in the listing center over 10 years: &gt;15, 10 to 15, 5 to 9, and &lt;5. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with bootstrapping on transplant recipient data and identified independent recipient and donor risk factors for wait-list and posttransplant mortality.

RESULTS:
38.5% of the candidates were listed in low-volume centers, those in which &lt;5 transplants were performed annually. These candidates had severely reduced likelihood of transplantation with only 41% receiving a transplant. For the remaining candidates, listed at higher volume centers, the transplant rate was 85% (P &lt; .001). Being listed at a low-volume center was a significant risk factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis for both wait-list mortality (hazard ratio, 3.27; confidence interval, 2.53–4.23) and posttransplant mortality (hazard ratio, 2.21; confidence interval, 1.43–3.40).

CONCLUSIONS:
38.5% of pediatric transplant candidates are listed in low-volume transplant centers and have lower likelihood of transplantation and poorer outcomes. If further studies substantiated these findings, we would advocate consolidating pediatric liver transplantation in higher volume centers.
Reliability Study of Organic Light-emitting Diodes by Continuous-wave and Pulsed Current Stressing
Authors: Li X. M. , Acharya R. , Zhang Y. Q. , Cao X. A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe stability of green phosphorescent OLEDs with different structures was evaluated through constant-current stressing. Through the modifications of the ITO anode by different plasma treatments and the hole transport layer (HTL) by incorporating inorganic dopants, we proved that energy level misalignment at the ITO/HTL interface leads to localized joule heating, accelerating defect generation and luminescence decay. Pulsed current stressing was then employed to suppress the joule-heating effect so as to differentiate the thermal and nonthermal factors governing the device degradation. For OLEDs with a large energy barrier at the ITO/HTL interface, the effective lifetime was markedly increased under pulsed operation, whereas in OLEDs with an appropriate interfacial energy level alignment, pulsed stressing with 10% duty cycle only improved the effective half life by ∼15% as compared to continuous-wave stressing, indicating a minor role played by joule heating.
Long-term Stability of Mixed Perovskites
Authors: Sarswat Prashant K , Free Michael L 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTLong term stability of mixed perovskite compounds is one of the important concerns for prolonged viability and economical use of perovskite based solar cells. Degradation in perovskite films mainly occurs due to exposure to moisture. Hence, a controlled atmospheric condition and lower humidity is preferred for device fabrication and use. Many different strategies such as use of thin and wide band gap semiconductor layer, improvement in pour filling of metal oxide film, and utilization of AgTFSI have been attempted to improve device stability. However, for long term durability, there is an urgent need to increase stability of parent perovskite layer, apart from use of protective layers. In this study we examined water resistant additive, structural modifications, and stoichiometric modification for enhanced film durability. These strategies and preliminary results are discussed in this report.
Nombrar, apropiar. Arqueología del paisaje y toponimia en la aldea de Otíñar (Jaén), (1300-2000 DNE)
Authors: Zafra de la Torre Narciso 
Published: June 2015

En la investigación de las dimensiones física, social y simbólica del espacio la Arqueología del Paisaje se vale de múltiples fuentes y métodos. La toponimiamedieval y post-medieval es una fuente en la que se pueden rastrear diversos discursos colectivos sobre el espacio: el de la descripción, el de la explotación y el de la apropiación. Por ello se defiende que los discursos toponímicos sirven para conocer las funciones y la significación que suspobladores otorgaban al paisaje. Este trabajo plantea un modelo de análisis que articula las tres dimensiones del paisaje, enlazando los datos arqueológicos con el origen y distribución de los significados de los topónimos. El modelo se aplica en Otíñar, valle de montaña de la Sierra de Jaén (norte de Andalucía, España), en el que, entre el siglo XIII y el XX DNE, la arqueología y la estratigrafía de los signos revela la superposición de tres capas de significado: el paisaje de los guerreros, el paisaje de los pastores y el paisaje de los campesinos.
La iglesia de La Magdalena (Jaén)
Authors: Berges Roldán Luis 
Published: June 2015

Siendo la arquitectura una de las necesidades más ligadas al desarrollo de la humanidad, son sus creaciones lo más definitorio para poder analizarla. Y sin lugar a dudas, es la arquitectura religiosa la que más datos contiene para el estudio y comprensión de aquella, ya que no sólo expresa la andadura del hombre por la tierra, sino sus pretensiones fuera de ella. Y no como individuo aislado, sino también como organización comunitaria con unidad de pensamiento. Además, en esta arquitectura van a quedar perfectamente definidos conceptos tales como el tiempo y lo estilístico en el pensamiento. La que menos dudas puede crearnos a la hora de sus análisis profundos, la que menos profundos secretos puede guardarse para sí.
La red de los castillos de la provincia de Viterbo, Italia (siglos X-XV)
Authors: Toscano Maurizio 
Published: June 2015

La construcción de bases de datos georeferenciadas extensivas se ha revelado a menudo, en las últimas décadas, como elección estratégica eficaz al afrontar las problemáticas ligadas a la comprensión de las dinámicas de asentamiento bajomedievales, y en particular al fenómeno castrense. Aquí se presentan los primeros resultados de la aplicación de este enfoque al territorio del Alto Lazio. Tras una breve alusión a la problemática del contexto territorial y a los límites cronológicos impuestos a la investigación, se ofrece un primer esquema de las características cuantitativas y espaciales de la red, y se presentan algunas comparaciones con territorios limítrofes. La imagen de conjunto obtenida es la de una malla de ocupación articulada, nacida de un proceso de fundación/fortificación de los centros no lineal, y de un balance entre encastillamiento y descastillamiento de características peculiares, pero que al mismo tiempo se inserta en el cuadro que hasta ahora dibujan los análisis llevados a cabo sobre el territorio toscano y prefigura la existencia de un modo de asentamiento for tificado con carácter disperso, extendido desde la Toscana meridional al Alto Lazio.