bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Data Share project: Website design, usage, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Shmueli-Blumberg Dikla , Hu Lian , Allen Colleen , Frasketi Michael , Wu Li-Tzy , VanVeldhuisen Paul 
Published: October 2013

Background There are many benefits of data sharing, including the promotion of new research from effective use of existing data, replication of findings through re-analysis of pooled data files, meta-analysis using individual patient data, and reinforcement of open scientific inquiry. A randomized controlled trial is considered as the ‘gold standard’ for establishing treatment effectiveness, but clinical trial research is very costly, and sharing data is an opportunity to expand the investment of the clinical trial beyond its original goals at minimal costs. Purpose We describe the goals, developments, and usage of the Data Share website ( http://www.ctndatashare.org ) for the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) in the United States, including lessons learned, limitations, and major revisions, and considerations for future directions to improve data sharing. Methods Data management and programming procedures were conducted to produce uniform and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant de-identified research data files from the completed trials of the CTN for archiving, managing, and sharing on the Data Share website. Results Since its inception in 2006 and through October 2012, nearly 1700 downloads from 27 clinical trials have been accessed from the Data Share website, with the use increasing over the years. Individuals from 31 countries have downloaded data from the website, and there have been at least 13 publications derived from analyzing data through the public Data Share website. Limitations Minimal control over data requests and usage has resulted in little information and lack of control regarding how the data from the website are used. Lack of uniformity in data elements collected across CTN trials has limited cross-study analyses. Conclusions The Data Share website offers researchers easy access to de-identified data files with the goal to promote additional research and identify new findings from completed CTN studies. To maximize the utility of the website, ongoing collaborative efforts are needed to standardize the core measures used for data collection in the CTN studies with the goal to increase their comparability and to facilitate the ability to pool data files for cross-study analyses.
Impact of a diabetes control and management intervention on health care utilization in American Samoa
Authors: Hamid Sarah , Dunsiger Shira , Seiden Andrew , Nu'usolia Ofeira , Tuitele John , DePue Judith D , McGarvey Stephen T 
Published: October 2013

Objectives To examine the impact of a successful 12-month behavioral intervention to improve diabetes control on health care utilization in American Samoa. Methods A cluster-randomized design was used to assign 268 diabetes patients to a nurse-community health worker intervention or usual care. Hospitalizations, emergency department, and primary care physician visits were collected retrospectively for 1 year prior to, and during, the intervention to assess changes in health care utilization. The association of utilization changes with change in HbA1c during the intervention was assessed. Results Adjusted incidence rate ratios (RR) for primary care physician visits were significantly higher in the community health worker relative to the usual care group (RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.25–2.33). There was no main intervention effect on emergency department utilization, but visits in the prior year modified the intervention effect on emergency department visits. Increased primary care physician utilization was associated with greater decreases in HbA1c ( b = −0.10, SE = 0.04, p = 0.01). Conclusions A culturally adapted community health worker diabetes intervention in American Samoa significantly increased primary care physician visits, and decreased emergency department visits among those with high emergency department usage in the prior year. These changes suggest important and beneficial impacts on health system utilization from the diabetes intervention in a low resource and high-risk population.
Distribution of breast cancer subtypes among Jordanian women and correlation with histopathological grade: molecular subclassification study
Authors: Shomaf Maha , Masad Jamal , Najjar Saleh , Faydi Dana 
Published: October 2013

Objective To evaluate the hormone receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu gene expression among Jordanian women with breast cancer. To classify our patients into molecular subtypes and to correlate the results with age of the patients and tumour grade. Design Evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER), PR and HER2/neu was done by standard immunohistochemical technique and subclassification into molecular subtypes. Setting Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Participants One hundred and ninety-three cases of breast cancer diagnosed at Jordan University Hospital. Main outcome measures Molecular subtypes of breast cancer, age and tumour grade. Results All the cases were divided into two groups: the young age group less or equal 50 years of age and the older age group more than 50 years of age. The cases were subclassified into luminal A, luminal B, basal cell like (BCL) and Her2/neu+. In older age group, the most common subtype was luminal A (72%). In this age group, most of the cases (48%) were of grade II. In younger age group, 47% of the cases were of luminal A subclass. In this age group, 42% were of grade I. Conclusions Molecular subtyping of breast cancer is an essential predicting factor of tumour response to hormonal therapy. This fact puts increased stress on the urgent need for the development of reliable and reproducible classification systems.
The challenges of obtaining ethics approval for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled research study in Jersey
Authors: Haresnape Claire 
Published: October 2013

Background and objective A PhD project involving designing and implementing a small-scale clinical trial at Jersey General Hospital encountered a variety of difficulties in obtaining ethics approval due to Jersey’s unique legal and constitutional position. Clarification of the necessary route of application took some 28 months. It was established that only local ethics approval is required for clinical trials taking place in the Channel Islands and that there is no need for Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approval in the form of Clinical Trials Authorization (CTA), because Jersey falls outside the existing legal and regulatory framework. The experiences and findings gained from this project would prove of use to other researchers planning to conduct clinical trials in the Channel Islands.
Trouble with ataxia: A longitudinal qualitative study of the diagnosis and medical management of a group of rare, progressive neurological conditions
Authors: Daker-White Gavin , Ealing John , Greenfield Julie , Kingston Helen , Sanders Caroline , Payne Katherine 
Published: October 2013

Objectives: An exploratory investigation of diagnosis and management in progressive ataxias: rare neurological conditions usually affecting balance, mobility and speech. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study into the experiences of people with ataxia and neurologists. Thematic analysis and follow-up interviews were used to determine diagnosis and management issues over time. Results: People with ataxia recruited via two hospital departments and Ataxia UK were interviewed at baseline (n = 38) and 12-month follow-up (n = 31). Eight consultant neurologists were interviewed once. Patient accounts were diverse, but many expressed frustration at having an incurable condition and dissatisfaction with service outcomes. At follow-up, there was variation in their contact and satisfaction with helping agencies. Service issues regarding continuity of care and the primary/secondary care interface were evident. Neurologists’ accounts also varied. One-half reported that there is nothing that can be done, and one-half favoured specialist referral to increase the likelihood of finding an underlying aetiology within budget constraints. Conclusions: Diagnostic uncertainties existing at baseline remained for patients at follow-up interviews, although some had learned to deal with the uncertainties brought by the diagnosis of a largely untreatable condition. Care pathways only seemed to operate in the case of defined conditions, such as Friedreich’s Ataxia, the most commonly inherited cause. The findings point to a need to develop the evidence base to inform the relative utility of diagnostic procedures in the context of finite resources for patient care and support.
Eradicating acute myeloid leukemia in a MllPTD/wt:Flt3ITD/wt murine model: a path to novel therapeutic approaches for human disease
Authors: Bernot Kelsie M. , Nemer John S. , Santhanam Ramasamy , Liu Shujun , Zorko Nicholas A. , Whitman Susan P. , Dickerson Kathryn E. , Zhang Mengzi , Yang Xiaojuan , McConnell Kathleen K. , Ahmed Elshafa H. , Muñoz Maura R. , Siebenaler Ronald F. , Marcucci Gabriel G. , Mundy-Bosse Bethany L. , Brook Daniel L. , Garman Sabrina , Dorrance Adrienne M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Jianying , Lee Robert J. , Blum William , Caligiuri Michael A. , Marcucci Guido 
Published: October 2013

Key PointsThe MllPTD/wt:Flt3ITD/wt mouse is a relevant AML model in which the miR-29b–mediated epigenetics-kinome crosstalk is targetable by bortezomib. An original liposomal formulation of bortezomib eradicates AML and yields curative therapy for MllPTD/wt:Flt3ITD/wt AML.
Maintaining genetic diversity using molecular coancestry: the effect of marker density and effective population size
Authors: Gómez-Romano Fernando , Villanueva Beatriz , Rodríguez de Cara María Ángeles , Fernández Jesús 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The most efficient method to maintain genetic diversity in populations under conservation programmes is to optimize, for each potential parent, the number of offspring left to the next generation by minimizing the global coancestry. Coancestry is usually calculated from genealogical data but molecular markers can be used to replace genealogical coancestry with molecular coancestry. Recent studies showed that optimizing contributions based on coancestry calculated from a large number of SNP markers can maintain higher levels of diversity than optimizing contributions based on genealogical data. In this study, we investigated how SNP density and effective population size impact the use of molecular coancestry to maintain diversity.

Results
At low SNP densities, the genetic diversity maintained using genealogical coancestry for optimization was higher than that maintained using molecular coancestry. The performance of molecular coancestry improved with increasing marker density, and, for the scenarios evaluated, it was as efficient as genealogical coancestry if SNP density reached at least 3 times the effective population size.
However, increasing SNP density resulted in reduced returns in terms of maintained diversity. While a benefit of 12% was achieved when marker density increased from 10 to 100 SNP/Morgan, the benefit was only 2% when it increased from 100 to 500 SNP/Morgan.

Conclusions
The marker density of most SNP chips already available for farm animals is sufficient for molecular coancestry to outperform genealogical coancestry in conservation programmes aimed at maintaining genetic diversity. For the purpose of effectively maintaining genetic diversity, a marker density of around 500 SNPs/Morgan can be considered as the most cost effective density when developing SNP chips for new species. Since the costs to develop SNP chips are decreasing, chips with 500 SNPs/Morgan should become available in a short-term horizon for non domestic species.
Influence of developmental stage and genotype on liver mRNA levels among wild, domesticated, and hybrid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: White Samantha L , Sakhrani Dionne , Danzmann Roy G , Devlin Robert H 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Release of domesticated strains of fish into nature may pose a threat to wild populations with respect to their evolved genetic structure and fitness. Understanding alterations that have occurred in both physiology and genetics as a consequence of domestication can assist in evaluating the risks posed by introgression of domesticated genomes into wild genetic backgrounds, however the molecular causes of these consequences are currently poorly defined. The present study has examined levels of mRNA in fast-growing pure domesticated (D), slow-growing age-matched pure wild (Wa), slow-growing size-matched pure wild (Ws), and first generation hybrid cross (W/D) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the influence of genotype (domesticated vs. wild, and their interactions in hybrids) and developmental stage (age- or size-matched animals) on genetic responses (i.e. dominant vs. recessive) and specific physiological pathways.

Results
Highly significant differences in mRNA levels were found between domesticated and wild-type rainbow trout genotypes (321 mRNAs), with many mRNAs in the wild-domesticated hybrid progeny showing intermediate levels. Differences were also found between age-matched and size-matched wild-type trout groups (64 mRNAs), with unique mRNA differences for each of the wild-type groups when compared to domesticated trout (Wa: 114 mRNAs, Ws: 88 mRNAs), illustrating an influence of fish developmental stage affecting findings when used as comparator groups to other genotypes. Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs (found for both wild-type trout to domesticated comparisons) among the genotypes indicates that 34.8% are regulated consistent with an additive genetic model, whereas 39.1% and 26.1% show a recessive or dominant mode of regulation, respectively. These molecular data are largely consistent with phenotypic data (growth and behavioural assessments) assessed in domesticated and wild trout strains.

Conclusions
The present molecular data are concordant with domestication having clearly altered rainbow trout genomes and consequent phenotype from that of native wild populations. Although mainly additive responses were noted in hybrid progeny, the prevalence of dominant and non-additive responses reveals that introgression of domesticated and wild genotypes alters the type of genetic control of mRNA levels from that of wild-type, which may lead to disruption of gene regulation systems important for developing phenotypes for optimal fitness in nature. A clear influence of both fish age and size (developmental stage) on mRNA levels was also noted in this study, which highlights the importance of examining multiple control samples to provide a comprehensive understanding of changes observed between strains possessing differences in growth rate.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MicroRNA-302b suppresses cell proliferation by targeting EGFR in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells
Authors: Wang Lumin , Yao Jiayi , Shi Xin , Hu Lili , Li Zongfang , Song Tusheng , Huang Chen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs are regulators that can play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Although miR-302 families have been suggested to be tumor repressors in human cancer, the mechanism by which they suppress tumor development remains to be defined. In this study, we discover that miR302b suppresses tumor proliferation may due to directly targeting EGFR in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
QRT-PCR was used to assess miR-302b and EGFR expression in 27 pairs of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and their corresponding adjacent nontumorous liver tissues. MTT, colony formation, immunofluorescence staining, and cell cycle assays were used to examine the tumor suppressor role of miR302b in cell proliferation. Luciferase assays were performed to assess the EGFR was a novel target of miR-302b. Western blot assay was used to validate the protein expression level.

Results
We demonstrated that miR-302b was frequently down-regulated, whereas EGFR was up-regulated in 27 pairs of clinical HCC and non-tumorous counterparts. The dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that EGFR was a novel target of miR-302b. Re-expression of miR-302b resulted in the inhibition of proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. The silencing of EGFR by miR-302b or siEGFR led to down-regulation of proliferation-related proteins, such as AKT2, CCND1, and CDK2.

Conclusion
miR-302b suppresses HCC growth may due to targeting the EGFR/AKT2/CCND1 pathway.
The biomechanical properties of the cornea and anterior segment parameters
Authors: Hwang Ho Sik , Park Seh Kwang , Kim Man Soo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the biomechanical properties of the cornea measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and their association with the anterior segment parameters representing the geometric dimensions including the corneal volume and anterior chamber volume.MethodsA retrospective review of 1020 patients who visited the BGN Eye Clinic was done. The mean radius of the corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, corneal volume, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber volume were measured with an anterior segment tomographer. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter. The corneal diameter was measured with an Orbscan as White to White. Cornea hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg), and cornea-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were measured with an ORA. Multiple linear regression models were constructed with CH and CRF as the dependent variables and age, gender, and the anterior segment parameters as the covariates.Results958 eyes from 958 patients (mean age 26.7 years; male 43.4%) were included in this study after excluding some eyes according to the exclusion criteria. The mean CH and CRF were 10.1 and 9.9 mmHg, respectively. The mean IOPg and IOPcc were 14.8 and 15.8 mmHg. The multivariate analysis showed that CH was negatively associated with the mean radius of the cornea curvature (regression coefficient = - 0.481, p = 0.023) and positively associated with CCT (regression coefficient =0.015, p < 0.001) and corneal volume (regression coefficient =0.059, p = 0.014). The association between CH and the corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber volume were not statistically significant. The evaluation of CRF showed that CRF was negatively associated with the mean radius of the cornea curvature (regression coefficient = - 0.540, p = 0.013), and positively associated with CCT (β = 0.026, p < 0.001). The association between CRF and the corneal diameter, corneal volume, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber volume were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe CH was shown to be positively associated with the corneal volume and the association between CH and the anterior chamber volume were not significant. The associations of CRF with the corneal volume or anterior chamber volume were not significant.
In vitro cytocidal effects of the essential oil from Croton cajucara (red sacaca) and its major constituent 7- hydroxycalamenene against Leishmania chagasi
Authors: Rodrigues Igor A , Azevedo Mariana M B , Chaves Francisco C M , Bizzo Humberto R , Corte-Real Suzana , Alviano Daniela S , Alviano Celuta S , Rosa Maria S S , Vermelho Alane B 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Visceral leishmaniasis is the most serious form of leishmaniasis and can be lethal if left untreated. Currently available treatments for these parasitic diseases are frequently associated to severe side effects. The leaves of Croton cajucara are used as an infusion in popular medicine to combat several diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the linalool-rich essential oil from C. cajucara (white sacaca) is extremely efficient against the tegumentary specie Leishmania amazonensis. In this study, we investigated the effects of the 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich essential oil from the leaves of C. cajucara (red sacaca) against Leishmania chagasi, as well as on the interaction of these parasites with host cells.

Methods
Promastigotes were treated with different concentrations of the essential oil for determination of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the effects of the essential oil on parasite ultrastructure were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. To evaluate its efficacy against infected cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with L. chagasi promastigotes were treated with the inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil.

Results
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil and its purified component 7-hydroxycalamenene against L. chagasi were 250 and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed important nuclear and kinetoplastic alterations in L. chagasi promastigotes. Pre-treatment of macrophages and parasites with the essential oil reduced parasite/macrophage interaction by 52.8%, while it increased the production of nitric oxide by L. chagasi-infected macrophages by 80%.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich essential oil from C. cajucara is a promising source of leishmanicidal compounds.
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and prognostic analysis of 51 cases
Authors: Huang Si-Yuan , Shen Shu-Jing , Li Xing-Ya 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a diagnostically challenging group of tumors. It’s a rare histologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer.There are five subgroups of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, they are identified as pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pulmonary blastoma. We explored the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of this tumor.

Methods
We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathological data of 51 patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital and Henan People Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012. The correlation between prognosis and age, sex, smoking history, tumor size, TNM staging, and treatment modality was analyzed by the statistical software SPSS 17.0. The survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The factors influencing survival were analyzed using univariate (Log-rank) and multivariate (Cox) models.

Results
The overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years were 45.5%, 35.8%, 28.2% and 20.1%, respectively. Cox univariate analyses revealed that age, tumor size, T stage, M stage, surgery or not, and postoperative chemotherapy or not, were prognostic factors. Cox multivariate analysis found that tumor size and M stage were independent prognostic factors for PSC.

Conclusions
Due to its rarity and the lack of large-scale clinical trial evidence, few studies about PSC have been reported, its clinical and pathological characteristics remain unclear, and its preoperative diagnosis and investigation of novel treatment approaches are imperative. In our study, the main factors affecting the prognosis of tumor size and M staging are the crucial prognostic factors for PSC. Surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy might result in better prognosis.