bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdire la burqa ?
Authors: Dumouchel Paul 
Published: October 2012

Une bonne loi doit répondre à trois critères : ne pas commettre d’injustice, ne pas créer de désordre, poursuivre un objectif qui sera utile au plus grand nombre. L’auteur, un Canadien qui vit au Japon, décortique en fonction de cette approche des lois, récemment votées en Belgique et en France, créant le délit de dissimulation du visage dans l’espace public : sont-elles à la hauteur des principes au nom desquels on légifère ?
Ombres et couleurs de la communauté
Authors: Amiel Vincent 
Published: October 2012

En trois films, Wesh Wesh, qu’est-ce qui se passe ?, Bled number one et Dernier maquis , Rabah Ameur Zaïmeche a tissé les ombres et les couleurs vives qui marquent l’appartenance à une communauté aujourd’hui. Trois films sur la norme, les valeurs subies, la chaleur du groupe et les échappées indispensables.
De l'importance de comprendre l'histoire européenne pour comprendre l'histoire universelle
Authors: Cohen Daniel 
Published: October 2012

En répondant à l’article qui précède, Daniel Cohen précise son projet : expliquer l’inquiétude que peut ressentir un économiste en considérant la fragilité des sociétés engagées, à l’instar de l’Europe, dans un processus accéléré de modernisation économique. Les pays émergents pourront-ils éviter les catastrophes de l’histoire européenne ?
Filmer la prison, filmer en prison
Authors: Leroy Alice 
Published: October 2012

Si le succès d’ Un prophète a rappelé la longue complicité qui unit le cinéma à l’univers carcéral, ce film doit être situé dans une large production, de fiction et de documentaire, qui s’intéresse à la prison aujourd’hui. Pourquoi le cinéma témoigne-t-il de cette capacité à représenter un lieu dont on parle si peu dans la société française aujourd’hui ?
Quelle justice pour les mineurs ?
Authors: Youf Dominique 
Published: October 2012

Annoncée à plusieurs reprises, la rupture avec l’ordonnance des mineurs de 1945 ne s’est pas encore traduite dans la loi. Quels sont les projets préparés par le ministère de la Justice ? Quelle est la nouvelle philosophie pénale qui se dégage des propositions avancées ? Est-elle en mesure de répondre aux formes actuelles de la délinquance des jeunes ?
L'exception suisse
Authors: Maurice Antoine 
Published: October 2012

Incertaine de sa stratégie européenne, la Suisse est confrontée à l’érosion de ses atouts. Le consensus politique est mis en cause par le parti de Christoph Blocher, le secret bancaire est combattu dans le cadre de l’après-crise financière, le rôle international conféré par la neutralité s’affaiblit. Que reste-t-il des vertus civiles qui scellent le pacte helvétique ? Quelles sont les perspectives de la Confédération pour les années qui viennent ?
Littérature haïtienne : Edwidge Danticat, une créolité à l'américaine
Authors: Laurent Sylvie 
Published: October 2012

Si l’on célèbre la création littéraire francophone d’Haïti, on oublie souvent que l’île fait aussi partie d’une aire culturelle américaine. L’œuvre d’Edwidge Danticat, qui écrit en langue anglaise et vit aux États-Unis, nous fait découvrir cet autre versant de la créativité haïtienne. Un tournant pour la créolité ?
L'État et l'internet. Un cousinage à géométrie variable
Authors: Benhamou Françoise 
Published: October 2012

Le développement de l’internet pose désormais des problèmes liés à son architecture. Il faut gérer l’encombrement des connexions, sanctionner les comportements déviants et limiter l’usage commercial des données personnelles. Mais comment construire des régulations pour un réseau qui est par nature global et supranational ?
Les acrobates de l'innovation
Authors: Soufron Jean-Baptiste 
Published: October 2012

Qui sont les entrepreneurs du net ? Une mythologie de la réussite personnelle d’une poignée de jeunes visionnaires plus ou moins autodidactes s’est imposée. Mais elle ne décrit pas bien la complexité de la nouvelle économie numérique. C’est en effet un processus largement collectif qui explique la réussite de l’innovation aux États-Unis : des liens informels qui unissent les innovateurs aux financiers, aux pouvoirs publics, aux chercheurs et aux utilisateurs. Un modèle reproductible ?
Berlin, vingt ans après la réunification
Authors: Duhem Gilles , Choay Françoise , Mongin Olivier 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Quels ont été les effets de la réunification sur Berlin ? Promue capitale de la République fédérale, la ville n’a cependant pas acquis de véritable centralité, et semble au contraire se définir par la marge. Pour la comprendre, il faut aller au-delà de la mode, et parler aussi bien de la formidable renaissance de cette « ville Phénix » que de sa persistante pauvreté, pour éviter la création d’un Berlin à deux vitesses.
Le fou : un personnage conceptuel ?
Authors: Castel Pierre-Henri , Mongin Olivier , Fœssel Michaël , Lalaut Clémence 
Published: October 2012

La philosophie, depuis les années 1960, s’est saisie de la folie pour en faire un objet de connaissance de la condition humaine. Elle a également contribué à la transformation de la psychiatrie. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui, quand le « fou » semble passé du domaine de la philosophie et de la littérature à celui des neurosciences, quand on « biologise » la folie, jusque dans son traitement judiciaire ?
La philosophie à l'épreuve de l'opinion et de l'expertise
Authors: Fœssel Michaël 
Published: October 2012

Que demande-t-on à la philosophie aujourd’hui, et comment peut-elle satisfaire cette demande ? Pour ne pas tomber dans le commentaire perpétuel, pour ne pas se laisser prendre au piège du supplément d’âme, il faut que la philosophie réinvestisse son histoire, et les grands récits qui lui permettent de sortir de l’immédiat comme de la parole d’autorité.
Quand agir, c'est lire
Authors: Chenavier Robert 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Philosophe égarée dans l’action. C’est ainsi que Simone Weil a souvent été caricaturée. Pourtant l’action et la réflexion sont, pour elle, inséparables, comme le montre son idée de « lecture », qui concerne aussi bien les grands auteurs classiques que le déchiffrement du monde.
Differential Expression of Neurotensin and Specific Receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2, in Normal and Malignant Human B Lymphocytes
Authors: Saada Sofiane , Marget Pierre , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Lise Marie-Claude , Chemin Guillaume , Sindou Philippe , Martel Clothilde , Delpy Laurent , Vidal Elisabeth , Jaccard Arnaud , Troutaud Danielle , Lalloué Fabrice , Jauberteau Marie-Odile 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Neurotensin, a neuropeptide growth factor, and its two specific neurotensin receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2, were shown to be expressed by human B cell lines. Another NTSR, sortilin, which is common to neurotensin and neurotrophins, was also detected as we have previously described. Neurotensin was functional in B cell lines; it induced their proliferation and inhibited apoptosis induced by serum deprivation or Fas activation. Quantitative study of gene expression in two malignant B cell diseases showed that NTSR2 was overexpressed, NTSR1 decreased, and neurotensin was unexpressed in B cell leukemia patient’s cells, as compared with healthy B cells. However, these expressions did not significantly change in large diffuse B cell lymphoma lymph nodes compared with benign ones. This study points out that neurotensin and its two specific receptors are expressed in human B lymphocytes. Such expressions were not described, and their relationship in B cell diseases, especially in chronic B cell leukemia, needs to be considered further in regard to these findings.
Glutamine Suppresses Airway Neutrophilia by Blocking Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 via an Induction of MAPK Phosphatase-1
Authors: Lee Chang-Hoon , Kim Hae-Kyoung , Kim June-Mo , Ayush Otgonzaya , Im Suhn-Young , Oh Dae-Kyu , Lee Hern-Ku 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Neutrophils are inflammatory cells that may contribute in a crucial way to the pathophysiology of steroid-resistant severe asthma. We previously reported that the nonessential amino acid l-glutamine (Gln) suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils into the airway in a murine model of asthma. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which Gln exerts beneficial effects in airway neutrophilia. We used the model we previously developed, which is suitable for examining sequential early asthmatic events, including neutrophil infiltration. Gln suppressed airway neutrophilia in a CXC chemokine-independent way. Airway neutrophilia was associated with cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activities. p38 MAPK, the upstream pathway of cPLA2 and 5-LO, played a key role in inducing airway neutrophilia. Gln inhibited not only the phosphorylation of cPLA2 and p38 MAPK but also leukotriene B4 levels in the airways. Gln induced the early induction of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) protein, a negative regulator of p38. MKP-1 small interfering RNA abrogated all the effects of Gln. Our results suggest that pathways involving p38/cPLA2/5-LO have a major role in airway neutrophilia. Gln suppresses airway neutrophilia via inhibiting p38 MAPK and its downstream pathways in an MKP-1–dependent way, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
TRAF Binding Is Required for a Distinct Subset of In Vivo B Cell Functions of the Oncoprotein LMP1
Authors: Arcipowski Kelly M. , Bishop Gail A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is important for EBV contributions to B cell transformation and many EBV-associated malignancies, as well as EBV-mediated exacerbation of autoimmunity. LMP1 functionally mimics TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily member CD40, but LMP1 signals and downstream effects are amplified and sustained compared with CD40. CD40 and LMP1 both use TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins, but in distinct ways. LMP1 functions require TRAFs 3, 5, and 6, which interact with LMP1. However, TRAFs can also contribute to signaling in the absence of direct interactions with cell surface receptors, so we investigated whether their roles in LMP1 in vivo functions require direct association. We show in this study that the LMP1 TRAF binding site was required for LMP1-mediated autoantibody production, the germinal center response to immunization, and optimal production of several isotypes of Ig, but not LMP1-dependent enlargement of secondary lymphoid organs in transgenic mice. Thus, LMP1 in vivo effects can be mediated via both TRAF binding-dependent and -independent pathways. Together with our previous findings, these results indicate that TRAF-dependent receptor functions may not always require TRAF-receptor binding. These data suggest that TRAF-mediated signaling pathways, such as those of LMP1, may be more diverse than previously appreciated. This finding has significant implications for receptor and TRAF-targeted therapies.
Cutting Edge: Nitric Oxide Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Hernandez-Cuellar Eduardo , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Hara Hideki , Fang Rendong , Sakai Shunsuke , Kawamura Ikuo , Akira Shizuo , Mitsuyama Masao 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Although the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense, its uncontrolled activation is associated with inflammatory disorders, suggesting that regulation of the inflammasome is important to prevent detrimental effects. Type I IFNs and long-term LPS stimulation were shown to negatively regulate NLRP3 activation. In this study, we found that endogenous NO is involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by either IFN-β pretreatment or long-term LPS stimulation. Furthermore, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, markedly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, whereas the AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes were only partially inhibited by SNAP. An increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induced by ATP was only modestly affected by SNAP treatment. Interestingly, S-nitrosylation of NLRP3 was detected in macrophages treated with SNAP, and this modification may account for the NO-mediated mechanism controlling inflammasome activation. Taken together, these results revealed a novel role for NO in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Survey of the Low Vision Rehabilitation Curricula in Occupational Therapy and Occupational Therapy Assistant Programs
Authors: Deacy Robin M. , Yuen Hon K. , Barstow Elizabeth A. , Warren Mary , Vogtle Laura K. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the preclinical curricular content pertaining to low vision rehabilitation (LVR) included in occupational therapy (OT) and occupational therapy assistant (OTA) programs.
METHOD. An e-mail survey containing questions about program structure and the extent of course material related to LVR in the curriculum was sent to directors of all accredited OT and OTA programs in the United States.
RESULTS. One hundred nineteen programs responded. The curricula of all but 1 program included LVR content. Twenty-four programs included a required course with a primary emphasis on LVR. Forty-four programs had faculty with advanced training in LVR or experience working in a LVR clinic.
CONCLUSION. Given that almost all respondent programs integrate LVR content into their required preclinical coursework, we recommend that LVR be incorporated into the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education standards so as to ensure knowledge of LVR within existing programs and enhance the quality of education in LVR.
Learning Style Preferences of Bachelor’s and Master’s Students in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Rogers Joan C. , Hill Doris J. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A pre-test/post-test design was used to study the learning style preferences of two classes of occupational therapy students of the University of Southern California. Forty students were in the 1976-1977 class and 49 in the 1.977-1978 class. The Learning Preferences Inventory was administered before and after completion of courses in the basic professional curriculum.
The results indicated that both bachelor’s and master’s students preferred learning experiences that were teacher-structured, concrete, and interpersonal. Although the changes in learning styles that occurred during basic professional education were not consistent from sample to sample, they did suggest that an instructional program can influence learning style preferences. The comparison of higher and lower achievers in the academic and fieldwork components also yielded inconsistent findings. Thus, while the learning style preferences of occupational therapy students were confirmed, the influence of the curriculum on learning styles and the preferences of better versus less successful students merit further investigations.
Active packaging system for meat and meat products
Authors: Pavelková Adriana , Flimelová Erika 
Published: October 2012

In the recent past, food packaging was used to enable marketing of products and to provide passive protection against environmental contaminations or influences that affect the shelf life of the products. However, unlike traditional packaging, which must be totally inert, active packaging is designed to interact with the contents and/or the surrounding environment. Interest in the use of active packaging systems for meat and meat products has increased in recent years. Active packaging systems are developed with the goal of extending shelf life for foods and increasing the period of time that the food is high quality. Developments in active packaging have led to advances in many areas, including delayed oxidation and controlled respiration rate, microbial growth, and moisture migration. Active packaging technologies include some physical, chemical, or biological action which changes interactions between a package, product, and/or headspace of the package in order to get a desired outcome. Active packaging systems discussed include oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide scavengers and emitters, moisture control agents, flavour/odour absorbers and releasers and antimicrobial packaging technologies. Active packaging is typically found in two types of systems; sachets and pads which are placed inside of packages, and active ingredients that are incorporated directly into packaging materials. Recognition of the benefits of active packaging technologies by the food industry, development of economically viable packaging systems and increased consumer acceptance is necessary for commercial realisation of these packaging technologies.
Depth of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments by OCT
Authors: Naftali Modi , Jabaly-Habib Haneen 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To compare the depth of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) with the expected depth value using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods. This was a retrospective comparative study in an ophthalmic unit in a government hospital, the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel. Ten eyes of 8 patients with 18 ICRS were reviewed. Eleven segments were Intacs (Addition Technology, Inc.) and 7 Kerarings (Mediphacos). Using anterior segment OCT (OPKO OTI) the shortest distance from the epithelium to the segment at 3 points was measured for each segment. The 3 points are proximal, middle, and distal to the incision. Results. The mean depth of the 18 segments was 360±68 μm. The mean maximal and minimal depths were 383±70 and 336±72 μm, respectively. The mean depths of the distal, central, and proximal point measurements of all ICRS were 358±79, 361±77, and 362±59 μm, respectively; no significant difference was found. No part of the segments tended to be more superficial than others (p=0.98). There was no significant difference between Intacs and Kerarings depths (p=0.43). There was a significant difference between the expected ICRS depth and the OCT measurements (mean 480±20) and 360±68), respectively. Conclusions. The ICRS actual depth was less than expected. There was mild variability in segment depth, both between segments and along the same segment. No significant difference was found between the depth of Intacs and Kerarings.
A Novel Antibacterial Modification Treatment of Titanium Capable to Improve Osseointegration
Authors: Della Valle Cinzia , Visai Livia , Santin Matteo , Cigada Alberto , Candiani Gabriele , Pezzoli Daniele , Arciola Carla Renata , Imbriani Marcello , Chiesa Roberto 
Published: October 2012

Background Among the different causes of orthopedic and dental implant failure, infection remains the most serious and devastating complication associated with biomaterial devices. Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an innovative osteointegrative and antibacterial biomimetic coating on titanium and to perform a chemical-physical and in vitro biological characterization of the coating using the SAOS-2 cell line. We also studied the antibacterial properties of the coating against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Methods An electrochemical solution containing silicon, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and silver nanoparticles was used to obtain the antibacterial by Anodic Spark Deposition (ASD) treatment. Surface morphology was characterized using SEM and laser profilometry A qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of the coating was assessed by EDS. The adhesion properties of the coating to the titanium bulk were performed with a 3-point bending test. SAOS-2 osteoblastic cell line spreading and morphology and viability were investigated. The bacterial adhesion and the antibacterial properties were investigated after 3 h and 24 h of incubation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. Results The proposed anodization treatment created a chemically and morphologically modified, adherent titanium oxide layer, characterized by a microporous morphology enriched by calcium, silicon, phosphorous, and silver. The preliminary biological characterization showed optimal SAOS-2 cell adhesion and proliferation as well as a strong antibacterial effect. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, we believe that this novel biomimetic and antibacterial treatment hold promise for enhancing osteointegration while conferring strong antibacterial properties to titanium.
Biological Variations of Leukocyte Numerical and Morphologic Parameters Determined by UniCel DxH 800 Hematology Analyzer
Authors: Tang Huqiang , Jing Jiyong , Bo Dandan , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: October 2012

Context.—The Coulter DxH 800 hematology analyzer can determine leukocyte numerical parameters (total leukocyte counts and differentials). It also measures intrinsic biophysical properties of these cells in their near-native state. These morphologic measurements are known as cell population data (CPD).Objective.—To study, for the first time, the biological variations of morphologic parameters or CPD and reinvestigate numerical parameters using the newest Coulter hematology analyzer.Design.—Forty adult volunteers (21 women, 19 men) were included. All participants maintained their normal lifestyles. Blood samples were drawn in duplicate by a single experienced phlebotomist and analyzed within 2 hours using a single analyzer. Before each batch analysis, the instrument quality controls were performed using the same lots of reagents.Results.—Within-subject (CVI) and between-subjects (CVG) biological variations for numerical parameters are smaller than previously reported. Cell population data have much smaller overall CVI and CVG compared to numerical parameters, suggesting that these parameters are less variable around the homeostatic set point intraindividually and interindividually. Index of individuality (ratio of CVI/CVG) for CPD was low. In addition, intraday and interday biological variations of all parameters are fairly constant.Conclusions.—These observations are clinically valuable. Data on CVI and analytical precision may be used to generate objective delta-check values for use in quality management. Comparing CVI and CVG on CPD may allow us to decide the utility of traditional population-based reference ranges. Documentation of CPD on biological variations is an essential prerequisite in the development of any new application clinically.