bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does adjuvant radiotherapy benefit patients with diffuse‐type gastric cancer? Results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database
Authors: Stessin Alexander M. , Sison Cristina , Schwartz Allie , Ng John , Chao Clifford K.S. , Li Baoqing 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDDiffuse‐type gastric cancer is observed in approximately one‐third of gastric cancers, yet the optimal treatment remains controversial. In the recently published Intergroup 0116 trial, a subgroup analysis demonstrated a lack of a long‐term survival benefit for adjuvant chemoradiation therapy among patients with diffuse‐type gastric cancer.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database was queried for patients who were newly diagnosed with diffuse‐type gastric cancer between 2002 and 2005 and underwent surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between adjuvant RT and OS, with and without adjusting for other factors. In addition, propensity score methods were used to control for the possible effects of measured confounders.RESULTSA total of 1889 cases of surgically resected diffuse‐type gastric cancer were included in the analysis; of these cases, 782 patients received adjuvant RT and 1107 did not receive RT. The median survival time was 30 months in the group treated with adjuvant RT versus 18 months in the group that did not receive RT with matched propensity scores (P<.001). The Cox model confirmed the improvement in OS in patients who received adjuvant RT (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65‐0.82 [P<.001]).CONCLUSIONSThe current population‐based observational study suggested a potential survival benefit for adjuvant RT among patients with diffuse‐type gastric cancer. The standard treatment will likely remain controversial until evidence becomes available from phase 3 randomized trials exclusively for patients with diffuse‐type gastric cancer. Cancer 2014;120:3562–3568. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A randomized, open‐label 3‐way crossover study to investigate the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of crushed sildenafil 20 mg tablets mixed with apple sauce, extemporaneously prepared suspension (EP), and intact sildenafil 20 mg tablets in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions
Authors: Gao Xiang , Ndongo Marie‐Noella , Checchio Tina M. , Cook Jack , Duncan Barbara , LaBadie Robert R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of 20‐mg doses of a pediatric formulation of sildenafil extemporaneous preparation suspension (EP; 10 mg/mL), the sildenafil 20‐mg intact tablet and the crushed sildenafil 20‐mg tablet mixed with apple sauce were assessed in a single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, 3‐way crossover study with 18 healthy adult volunteers. Blood samples were collected at predefined times and analyzed for sildenafil plasma concentrations. Natural log‐transformed sildenafil pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf) were used to estimate relative bioavailability and construct 90% confidence intervals (CI) using a mixed‐effects model. Bioequivalence was concluded among the three formulations with one exception, in which the EP suspension showed a 15% decrease in Cmax with a lower 90% CI of 76% compared with the intact tablet. The 15% decrease in sildenafil Cmax is not considered to be clinically relevant. Therefore, the EP suspension is considered to be an appropriate pediatric formulation. All 3 formulations were well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers.
Managing resources dynamically in hybrid photonic‐electronic networks‐on‐chip
Authors: García‐Guirado Antonio , Fernández‐Pascual Ricardo , García José M. , Bartolini Sandro 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYNanophotonics promises to solve the scalability problems of current electrical interconnects thanks to its low sensitivity to distance in terms of latency and energy consumption. Before this technology reaches maturity, hybrid photonic‐electronic networks will be a viable alternative. Ideally, ordinary electrical meshes and ring‐based photonic networks should cooperate to minimize overall latency and energy consumption, but currently, we lack mechanisms to do this efficiently. In this paper, we present novel fine‐grain policies to manage the photonic resources in a tiled chip multiprocessor (CMP) scenario. Our policies are dynamic and base their decisions on parameters such as message size, ring availability, and distance between endpoints, at the message level. The resulting network behavior is also fairer to all cores, reducing processor idle time thanks to faster thread synchronization. All these policies improve performance when compared to the same CMP without the photonic ring, and the most elaborate ones reduce the overall network latency by 50%, execution time by 36%, and network energy consumption by 52% on average, in a 16‐core CMP for the PARSEC benchmark suite. Larger hybrid networks with 64 endpoints for 256‐core CMPs, based on Corona and Firefly designs, also show far superior throughput and lower latency if managed by one of the proposed policies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and optimizing MapReduce programs
Authors: Dörre Jens , Apel Sven , Lengauer Christian 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYMapReduce frameworks allow programmers to write distributed, data‐parallel programs that operate on multisets. These frameworks offer considerable flexibility to support various kinds of programs and data. To understand the essence of the programming model better and to provide a rigorous foundation for optimizations, we present an abstract, functional model of MapReduce along with a number of customization options. We demonstrate that the MapReduce programming model can also represent programs that operate on lists, which differ from multisets in that the order of elements matters. Along with the functional model, we offer a cost model that allows programmers to estimate and compare the performance of MapReduce programs. Based on the cost model, we introduce two transformation rules aiming at performance optimization of MapReduce programs, which also demonstrates the usefulness of our model. In an exploratory study, we assess the impact of applying these rules to two applications. The functional model and the cost model provide insights at a proper level of abstraction into why the optimization works. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of time delay difference due to parametric mismatch in matched filter channels
Authors: Stuarts Guillermo , Julián Pedro 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis paper presents an analysis of the time delay difference between the outputs of two matched filter channels, in the presence of parametric mismatch. A theorem for computing the cross‐correlation value between two signals is developed. From the cross‐correlation theorem, expressions are developed that estimate the effect of parametric mismatch in the differential time delay (DTD) for filters of arbitrary type and order and input signals of arbitrary form. The accuracy of these expressions is simulated and then demonstrated experimentally using a carefully designed setup. Filter design considerations that attempt to minimize spurious DTD in high‐precision time delay estimation systems are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient optimization‐oriented design methodology of high‐order 3‐D filters using 2‐D and 3‐D electromagnetic simulators
Authors: Hinojosa J. , Quesada‐Pereira F. D. , Bozzi M. , Alvarez‐Melcon A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a computationally highly efficient interface between two‐dimensional (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) electromagnetic (EM) simulators for the optimization‐oriented design of high‐order 3‐D filters. In a first step, the novel optimization‐oriented design methodology aligns the 3‐D EM simulator response with the 2‐D EM simulator response of a low‐order 3‐D filter by using an inverse linear space mapping optimization technique. Then, a second mapping performs a calibration with the optimal 2‐D and 3‐D design parameters obtained from the first mapping. The optimization of high‐order filters is carried out using only the efficient 2‐D EM simulator, and the calibration equations directly give the design parameters of the 3‐D filter. The potential and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization‐oriented design methodology are demonstrated through the design of C‐band 3‐D evanescent rectangular waveguide bandpass filters with increasing orders from three to eight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term colonization ecology of forest‐dwelling species in a fragmented rural landscape – dispersal versus establishment
Authors: Lõhmus Kertu , Paal Taavi , Liira Jaan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSpecies colonization in a new habitat patch is an efficiency indicator of biodiversity conservation. Colonization is a two‐step process of dispersal and establishment, characterized by the compatibility of plant traits with landscape structure and habitat conditions. Therefore, ecological trait profiling of specialist species is initially required to estimate the relative importance of colonization filters. Old planted parks best satisfy the criteria of a newly created and structurally matured habitat for forest‐dwelling plant species. We sampled species in 230 ancient deciduous forests (source habitat), 74 closed‐canopy manor parks (target habitats), 151 linear wooded habitats (landscape corridors), and 97 open habitats (isolating matrix) in Estonia. We defined two species groups of interest: forest (107 species) and corridor specialists (53 species). An extra group of open habitat specialists was extracted for trait scaling. Differing from expectations, forest specialists have high plasticity in reproduction mechanisms: smaller seeds, larger dispersules, complementary selfing ability, and diversity of dispersal vectors. Forest specialists are shorter, less nutrient‐demanding and mycorrhizal‐dependent, stress‐tolerant disturbance‐sensitive competitors, while corridor specialists are large‐seeded disturbance‐tolerant competitors. About 40% of species from local species pools have immigrated into parks. The historic forest area, establishment‐related traits, and stand quality enhance the colonization of forest specialists. The openness of landscape and mowing in the park facilitate corridor specialists. Species traits in parks vary between a forest and corridor specialist, except for earlier flowering and larger propagules. Forest species are not dispersal limited, but they continue to be limited by habitat properties even in the long term. Therefore, the shady parts of historic parks should be appreciated as important forest biodiversity‐enhancing landscape structures. The habitat quality of secondary stands can be improved by nurturing a heterogeneous shrub and tree layer, and modest herb layer management.
Comparison of Centralized and Decentralized Systems in Power System Restoration
Authors: Yokoyama Tsukasa , Nagata Takeshi 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a multiagent approach to decentralized power system restoration for distribution system networks and presents a comparison of centralized and decentralized systems for power system restoration. Numerous studies have been conducted on power system restoration problems. From the viewpoint of system structures, this research can be divided into two categories: centralized systems and decentralized systems. In this study, we solve a power system restoration problem for a power distribution network by two different methods: mathematical programming (MIP) and the proposed multiagent‐based method (MAS). The proposed multiagent system consists of several distributing substation agents (DSAGs) and load agents (LAGs). An LAG corresponds to the customer load, and a DSAG supplies electricity to the LAG. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed system can reach the right solution by making use of only local information and that the solution quality is better than that of the centralized system (MIP). This means that the proposed multiagent restoration system is a promising approach to larger scale distribution networks.
Heteroleptic Pyridyl‐Carbene Iron Complexes with Tuneable Electronic Properties
Authors: Duchanois Thibaut , Etienne Thibaud , Beley Marc , Assfeld Xavier , Perpète Eric A. , Monari Antonio , Gros Philippe C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNew heteroleptic iron complexes mixing a terpyridine bearing a protonable pyridyl substituent (pytpy) and a pyridyl carbene ligand (carb) have been prepared and characterised by UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and TD‐DFT computations. The absorption spectrum of [Fe(carb)(pytpy)]2+ showed a notable redshift compared with the homoleptic [Fe(carb)2]2+ complex. The MLCT transition occurred at even lower energy when the pendant pyridine was protonated, leading to a wide absorption domain in the 450–650 nm range. Calculations revealed the strong propensity of excited electrons to move from the metal to the pytpy ligand in the complex. This new family of complexes is a promising addition to the arsenal of iron‐based chromophores with tuneable electronic properties.
Modulation of Olefin Metathesis Reactions by Chelation
Authors: Scherbakow Swetlana , Keller Manfred , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe the modulation of catalytic activities by adjacent chelating entities as a new and hitherto unknown principle. It is demonstrated for ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) as well as for cross metathesis (CM) reactions. For this purpose, we have modified a Hoveyda‐type metathesis catalyst by employing two different chelators. Complexation of the chelators led to an electron‐withdrawing effect that resulted in enhanced catalytic activity. This enhancement was dependent on the complexed metal ion and allowed a gradual adjustment of the activity of the catalyst. The application of this new approach might be extendable to other catalytic systems as well.
Efficient One‐Pot Cross‐Coupling of Two Aryl Halides by Stannylation/Stille Reaction in Water under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Tan Xin , Zhou Zi Jie , Zhang Jia Xin , Duan Xin Hong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple and highly efficient one‐pot approach has been developed for the Pd(PPh3)4‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of two different aryl or heteroaryl bromides/iodides. This method involves the combined use of microwave irradiation and water as a single solvent to achieve sequential stannylation and Stille cross‐coupling reactions, which allows rapid access to a wide variety of biaryls in good to high yields. Furthermore, utilizing this step‐economical protocol, 2,5‐dibromopyridine was iteratively diarylated and the Boscalid intermediate was also synthesized in a one‐pot manner.
Chemoselective Synthesis of N‐Protected Alkoxyprolines under Specific Solvation Conditions
Authors: Mihali Voichita , Foschi Francesca , Penso Michele , Pozzi Gianluca 
Published: July 2014

AbstractN‐Protected hydroxyprolines (Hyp) were transformed chemoselectively into alkoxyproline derivatives by direct O‐alkylation. The starting Hyp was transformed into the corresponding dianion in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran (1:16 v/v) as solvent. Under these conditions, the carboxy‐anion showed reduced nucleophilicity because it was specifically solvated, and the more reactive oxy‐anion was selectively alkylated. N‐Protected trans‐4‐alkoxy‐, cis‐4‐alkoxy‐ and trans‐3‐alkoxyprolines were thus obtained in a single step in very high overall yields and with complete stability of the stereogenic center configuration.
Synthesis and Characterisation of 1,7‐Di‐ and Inherently Chiral 1,12‐Di‐ and 1,6,7,12‐Tetraarylperylenetetracarbox‐3,4:9,10‐diimides
Authors: Pagoaga Bernard , Giraudet Louis , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBy using the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, a variety of 1,7‐ and 1,12‐disubstituted and 1,6,7,12‐tetraaryl‐substituted perylenetetracarbox‐3,4:9,10‐diimides have been synthesised starting from the corresponding halogen derivatives. Until now, the 1,12‐ and 1,6,7,12‐sustitutions were difficult to access and only single examples have been reported. Dehydrohalogenation was observed to be competitive with the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. The extent of this side reaction depends on the substitution pattern of the perylene diimide core and on the nature of the boronic acid derivative. Photochemical pericyclisation also reduces the yield of the desired products. A mechanistic analysis has been performed on the special case of 1,12‐diphenylperylenediimides, in which benzene is eliminated as a consecutive process of such a reaction. The energies of the frontier orbitals were determined. By using cyclic voltammetry, the energy of the LUMO was measured, and the energy gap between the frontier orbitals was determined based on optical spectroscopy (UV and fluorescence). With these two parameters, the energies of the HOMO were determined. The 1,6,7,12‐tetraaryl‐ and 1,12‐diarylperylenediimides have been optically resolved by using HPLC with a chiral stationary phase. Determination of absolute configuration was carried out by recording circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the enantiomers.
Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) cell culture with bioactive substances: Establishment and mass propagation for industrial use
Authors: Nohynek Liisa , Bailey Michael , Tähtiharju Juha , Seppänen‐Laakso Tuulikki , Rischer Heiko , Oksman‐Caldentey Kirsi‐Marja , Puupponen‐Pimiä Riitta 
Published: July 2014

The availability and quality of wild berry material is strongly affected by seasonal variations, human resources, and both chemical and biological pollutants. Here we describe for the first time the industrial scale biotechnological production of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) cells of consistent quality and defined chemical composition. Callus was initiated from sterile cuts of the wild cloudberry leaves. Bright yellow, soft callus of uniform quality was selected by regular subculturing, and a stable line successfully used for suspension culture was obtained within 18 months. The cultivation process of the cell culture was initiated in 250 mL shake flasks and stepwise expanded to a stirred tank bioreactor of 300 L working volume. Each growth period in flasks and fed‐batch cultures in bioreactors was 10 ± 3 days. Viability of the cultures was approximately 90% throughout the cultivation processes. The 300 L culture was harvested by pressure filtration and the biomass was freeze‐dried. The 300 L yields of fresh cells and freeze‐dried material were 19 and 2 kg, respectively. The unusual phenolic profile of cloudberry cells including flavanols, as well as their fatty acid composition with a high proportion of α‐linolenic acid and high protein content, make them a unique and interesting alternative for industrial applications for various industrial fields.
The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metalaxy-M on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhu Lusheng , Han Yingnan , Wang Jinhua , Wang Jun , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

As the main optical isomer of metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M has been widely used worldwide in recent years because of its notable effect on the prevention and control of crop diseases. Together with the toxicity and degradation of metalaxyl-M, the chemical has attracted the attention of researchers. The present study examined the toxic effects of metalaxyl-M on earthworms at 0 mg kg−1, 0.1 mg kg−1, 1 mg kg−1, and 3 mg kg−1 on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after exposure. The results showed that metalaxyl-M could cause an obvious increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when the concentration was higher than 0.1 mg kg−1, which led to lipid peroxidation in earthworms. Metalaxyl-M can induce DNA damage in earthworms, and the level of DNA damage markedly increased with increasing the concentration of metalaxyl-M. Metalaxyl-M also has a serious influence on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which results in irreversible oxidative damage in cells. The changes of these indicators all indicated that metalaxyl-M may cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2344–2350. © 2014 SETAC
A method for computing curved meshes via the linear elasticity analogy, application to fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Abgrall R. , Dobrzynski C. , Froehly A. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYWe propose and analyze an algorithm for the robust construction of curved meshes in two and three dimensions. The meshes are made of curved simplexes. The algorithm starts from a mesh made of straight simplexes, and using a linear elasticity analogy applied on well‐chosen data, one can generate a curved mesh. Note that if the initial mesh has a boundary layer, this method allows to conserve it on the final mesh. This algorithm is used on several airfoils in two and three dimensions, including a turbulent M6 wing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicomponent intervention on enhancing dementia caregiver well‐being and reducing behavioral problems among Hong Kong Chinese: a translational study based on REACH II
Authors: Cheung Karen Siu‐Lan , Lau Bobo Hi‐Po , Wong Paul Wai‐Ching , Leung Angela Yee‐Man , Lou Vivian W. Q. , Chan Grace Man‐Yee , Schulz Richard 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis study examined the effectiveness of a translated version of Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) II in Hong Kong's service delivery context.MethodThe localized intervention was adapted from REACH II with 12 individual‐based sessions, which addressed multiple domains including disease education, safety, caregiver (CG) well‐being, and care recipients' problem behavior. Two‐hundred and one dementia family dyads completed the intervention.ResultsThe efficacy of the intervention was demonstrated by the significant improvement in the perception of positive aspects of caregiving, reduction in depressive symptoms, subjective burden, bother and caregiving risks among CGs, and abatement in behavioral problems among care recipients. Treatment implementation was reflected from the high rate of adoption of each intervention component by interventionists and satisfactory reception from CGs. Promises in reach and adoption were demonstrated by the participation of 85 interventionists from 11 NGOs across 18 districts and CGs of a variety of demographic characteristics.DiscussionThis study is the first attempt to translate a highly successful evidence‐based dementia CG intervention developed in the USA into the Hong Kong service delivery context. The current results echoed the success of REACH II. The values and challenges of translational research are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.