bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of natural and man-made disasters on countries’ production efficiency
Authors: Halkos George , Managi Shunsuke , Tzeremes Nickolaos G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study intends to understand how disaster is related to countries’ production efficiency using a sample of 137 countries over 1980–2011. We analyze the effect of the number of man-made and natural disaster occurrences on countries’ technological change (swift of the frontier) and technological catch-up (distribution of efficiencies). The results reveal an inverted “U” shape relationship between countries’ technological change and technological catch-up with disaster occurrences. This finding suggests that the effect on countries’ production efficiency is positive for lower number of disaster events; however, after a specific threshold value, the effect becomes negative. The results also reveal that low-income countries are negatively affected much quicker compared to high-income countries. Finally, it is evident that the negative effect of disaster occurrences impacts first countries’ technological catch-up and then their technology change.
Effect of Carbon Nanospace on Charge–Discharge Properties of Si and SiOx Nanoparticles-Embedded Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Tabuchi Hikaru , Urita Koki , Moriguchi Isamu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Providing both electronic conduction paths and buffer space for the large volume change between LixSi and Si are considered to be the key of development of high-performance Si-based anodes. Si and SiOx nanoparticle-embedded nanoporous carbons were synthesized by Mg thermal reduction of a SiO2 opal–carbon nanocomposite precursor followed by HCl and HF treatments, and the interstitial space in carbon nanopores was systematically controlled by NaOH-etching of the precursor. The electrochemical charge–discharge capacity and its retention with cycling of obtained samples were increased with increasing the nanopore volume and decreasing the loading amount of active material per pore volume. It was also found that dispersive loading of Si and SiOx nanoparticles in the carbon nanospace enhances the reactivity of Si and SiOx nanoparticles. The relationship between the composite structure and the charge–discharge properties were discussed in detail.
Towards a Practical Form of Epistemology: The Case of Green Chemistry
Authors: Llored Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2015

This paper explores how chemists are transforming their own current background in order to act upon the world without jeopardizing life. In this respect, I will envisage science as both a system of propositions and a set of engaged practices. The scrutiny of chemical innovations will allow me to query the concepts of paradigm and that of scientific community. In doing so, I will connect the philosophy of science with the philosophy of technology so as to think about our relation with the world.
Entscheidung als Häresie
Authors: Sooväli Jaanus 
Published: July 2015

Man könnte sagen, dass Aristoteles so etwas wie eine traditionelle und dominierende Auffassung der Entscheidung in der westlichen Philosophie gründet. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, diese Auffassung von Aristoteles zu entwerfen, einige ihrer wichtigsten Probleme anzusprechen, und sie damit zu kontrastieren, was ich Jacques Derridas häretische „Konzeptualisierung“ der Entscheidung nennen würde. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese häretische Thematisierung von Derrida nicht nur und einfach mit dem traditionellen aristotelischen Begriff bricht, sondern vielmehr auch zu Recht einige seiner wichtigsten Züge auf solcher Weise schärft, dass von diesem radikalisierten Standpunkt die Behandlung von Aristoteles als die Annullierung der Entscheidung zum Vorschein kommt. Es wird zudem impliziert, wie Derridas häretische Auffassung die Erneuerung der Ethik und Politik mit sich bringt. It might be said that Aristotle institutes something like a traditional and dominating concept of decision in the philosophical tradition of the West. The aim of this article is to outline that concept of Aristotle, touching on some of its most important problems, and contrast it with what I would call Jacques Derrida’s heretical understanding of decision. It will be shown that this heretical “conceptualization” by Derrida doesn’t simply and merely break with, or depart and differ from, the traditional Aristotelian concept but rather also justifiably sharpens some of its most central features in such a way that from that radicalized point of view the treatment of Aristotle comes to appear as the very annulment of decision. It is moreover implied how Derrida’s heretical understanding of decision entails a renewal of ethics and politics.
E.J. Lowe on the Unity Problem
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: July 2015

Some properties are connected in a perspicuous and unproblematic way. For instance, the possession of shape clearly entails the possession of size (and vice versa). In other cases the connection is not so perspicuous. For instance, assuming that the precise rest mass and negative charge of an electron are both among its fundamental intrinsic properties, what links them, given that those properties are inherently separable? (Their separability is apparent from the fact that other kinds of particle have the same mass as an electron but a different charge, or the same charge but a different mass.) Given the inherent separability of those properties, what explains their conjunction in this case? Oderberg (2007, 2011) calls this the "unity problem", and attempts to solve it have issued from assorted schools of thought within both substance ontology and the metaphysics of natural kinds. One of the more significant of these solutions is proffered by E.J. Lowe as part of his four-category ontology. Here I explicate his solution, raise a possible objection, and suggest a reply.
A combination of subscapularis tendon transfer and small-head hemiarthroplasty for cuff tear arthropathy
Authors: Urita A. , Funakoshi T. , Suenaga N. , Oizumi N. , Iwasaki N. 
Published: July 2015

This pilot study reports the clinical outcomes of a combination of partial subscapularis tendon transfer and small-head hemiarthroplasty in patients with rotatator cuff arthropathy. A total of 30 patients (30 shoulders; eight men and 22 women) with a mean age of 74 years (55 to 84) were assessed at a mean follow-up of 31 months (24 to 60). The inclusion criteria were painful cuff tear arthropathy with normal deltoid function and a non-degenerative subscapularis muscle and tendon and a preserved teres minor.Outcome was assessed using the University of California Los Angeles score, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and the Oxford Shoulder Score. Radiographic measurements included the centre of rotation distance and the length of the deltoid.All clinical scores were significantly improved post-operatively. The active flexion and external rotation improved significantly at the most recent follow-up (p < 0.035). Although the mean centre of rotation distance changed significantly (p < 0.001), the mean length of the deltoid did not change significantly from the pre-operative value (p = 0.29). The change in the length of the deltoid with < 100° flexion was significantly less than that with > 100° (p < 0.001).Progressive erosion of the glenoid was seen in four patients. No patient required revision or further surgery.A combination of partial subscapularis tendon transfer and small-head hemiarthroplasty effectively restored function and relieved pain in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy.Cite this article: 2015;97-B:1090–5.
Adverse local tissue reactions in metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty due to trunnion corrosion
Authors: Whitehouse M. R. , Endo M. , Zachara S. , Nielsen T. O. , Greidanus N. V. , Masri B. A. , Garbuz D. S. , Duncan C. P. 
Published: July 2015

Adverse reaction to wear and corrosion debris is a cause for concern in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Modular junctions are a potential source of such wear products and are associated with secondary pseudotumour formation.We present a consecutive series of 17 patients treated at our unit for this complication following metal-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (MoP) THA. We emphasise the risk of misdiagnosis as infection, and present the aggregate laboratory results and pathological findings in this series.The clinical presentation was pain, swelling or instability. Solid, cystic and mixed soft-tissue lesions were noted on imaging and confirmed intra-operatively. Corrosion at the head–neck junction was noted in all cases. No bacteria were isolated on multiple pre- and intra-operative samples yet the mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 49 (9 to 100) and C-reactive protein 32 (0.6 to 106) and stromal polymorphonuclear cell counts were noted in nine cases.Adverse soft–tissue reactions can occur in MoP THA owing to corrosion products released from the head–neck junction. The diagnosis should be carefully considered when investigating pain after THA. This may avoid the misdiagnosis of periprosthetic infection with an unidentified organism and mitigate the unnecessary management of these cases with complete single- or two-stage exchange.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1024–1030.
Cost effectiveness of treatment with percutaneous Kirschner wires versus volar locking plate for adult patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius
Authors: Tubeuf S. , Yu G. , Achten J. , Parsons N. R , Rangan A. , Lamb S. E. , Costa M. L. 
Published: July 2015

We present an economic evaluation using data from the Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial (DRAFFT) to compare the relative cost effectiveness of percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation and volar locking-plate fixation for patients with dorsally-displaced fractures of the distal radius. The cost effectiveness analysis (cost per quality-adjusted life year; QALY) was derived from a multi-centre, two-arm, parallel group, assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial which took place in 18 trauma centres in the United Kingdom. Data from 460 patients were available for analysis, which includes both a National Health Service cost perspective including costs of surgery, implants and healthcare resource use over a 12-month period after surgery, and a societal perspective, which includes the cost of time off work and the need for additional private care. There was only a small difference in QALYs gained for patients treated with locking-plate fixation over those treated with K-wires. At a mean additional cost of £714 (95% confidence interval 588 to 865) per patient, locking-plate fixation presented an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £89 322 per QALY within the first 12 months of treatment. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess the ICER of locking-plate fixation compared with K-wires. These were greater than £30 000. Compared with locking-plate fixation, K-wire fixation is a ‘cost saving’ intervention, with similar health benefits. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1082–9.
The accuracy and safety of fluoroscopically guided percutaneous pedicle screws in the lumbosacral junction and the lumbar spine
Authors: Chiu C. K. , Kwan M. K. , Chan C. Y. W. , Schaefer C. , Hansen-Algenstaedt N. 
Published: July 2015

We undertook a retrospective study investigating the accuracy and safety of percutaneous pedicle screws placed under fluoroscopic guidance in the lumbosacral junction and lumbar spine. The CT scans of patients were chosen from two centres: European patients from University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, and Asian patients from the University of Malaya, Malaysia. Screw perforations were classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3. A total of 880 percutaneous pedicle screws from 203 patients were analysed: 614 screws from 144 European patients and 266 screws from 59 Asian patients. The mean age of the patients was 58.8 years (16 to 91) and there were 103 men and 100 women. The total rate of perforation was 9.9% (87 screws) with 7.4% grade 1, 2.0% grade 2 and 0.5% grade 3 perforations. The rate of perforation in Europeans was 10.4% and in Asians was 8.6%, with no significant difference between the two (p = 0.42). The rate of perforation was the highest in S1 (19.4%) followed by L5 (14.9%). The accuracy and safety of percutaneous pedicle screw placement are comparable to those cited in the literature for the open method of pedicle screw placement. Greater caution must be taken during the insertion of L5 and S1 percutaneous pedicle screws owing to their more angulated pedicles, the anatomical variations in their vertebral bodies and the morphology of the spinal canal at this location. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:1111–17.
Decreasing spine implant costs and inter-physician cost variation
Authors: Oren J. , Hutzler L. H. , Hunter T. , Errico T. , Zuckerman J. , Bosco J. 
Published: July 2015

The demand for spinal surgery and its costs have both risen over the past decade. In 2008 the aggregate hospital bill for surgical care of all spinal procedures was reported to be $33.9 billion. One key driver of rising costs is spinal implants. In 2011 our institution implemented a cost containment programme for spinal implants which was designed to reduce the prices of individual spinal implants and to reduce the inter-surgeon variation in implant costs. Between February 2012 and January 2013, our spinal surgeons performed 1493 spinal procedures using implants from eight different vendors. By applying market analysis and implant cost data from the previous year, we established references prices for each individual type of spinal implant, regardless of vendor, who were required to meet these unit prices. We found that despite the complexity of spinal surgery and the initial reluctance of vendors to reduce prices, significant savings were made to the medical centre. Cite this article: 2015; 97-B:1102–5.
Function of the extensor mechanism of the knee after using the ‘patellar-loop technique’ to reconstruct the patellar tendon when replacing the proximal tibia for tumour
Authors: Pilge H. , Holzapfel B. M. , Rechl H. , Prodinger P. M. , Lampe R. , Saur U. , Eisenhart-Rothe R. , Gollwitzer H. 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to analyse the gait pattern, muscle force and functional outcome of patients who had undergone replacement of the proximal tibia for tumour and alloplastic reconstruction of the extensor mechanism using the patellar-loop technique. Between February 1998 and December 2009, we carried out wide local excision of a primary sarcoma of the proximal tibia, proximal tibial replacement and reconstruction of the extensor mechanism using the patellar-loop technique in 18 patients. Of these, nine were available for evaluation after a mean of 11.6 years (0.5 to 21.6). The strength of the knee extensors was measured using an Isobex machine and gait analysis was undertaken in our gait assessment laboratory. Functional outcome was assessed using the American Knee Society (AKS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores. The gait pattern of the patients differed in ground contact time, flexion heel strike, maximal flexion loading response and total sagittal plane excursion. The mean maximum active flexion was 91° (30° to 110°). The overall mean extensor lag was 1° (0° to 5°). The mean extensor muscle strength was 25.8% (8.3% to 90.3%) of that in the non-operated leg (p < 0.001). The mean functional scores were 68.7% (43.4% to 83.3%) (MSTS) and 71.1 (30 to 90) (AKS functional score). In summary, the results show that reconstruction of the extensor mechanism using this technique gives good biomechanical and functional results. The patients’ gait pattern is close to normal, except for a somewhat stiff knee gait pattern. The strength of the extensor mechanism is reduced, but sufficient for walking. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1063–9.
Reconstruction of chronic abductor deficiency after revision hip arthroplasty using an extensor mechanism allograft
Authors: Drexler M. , Abolghasemian M. , Kuzyk P. R. , Dwyer T. , Kosashvili Y. , Backstein D. , Gross A. E. , Safir O. 
Published: July 2015

This study reports the clinical outcome of reconstruction of deficient abductor muscles following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), using a fresh–frozen allograft of the extensor mechanism of the knee. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 11 consecutive patients with a severe limp because of abductor deficiency which was confirmed on MRI scans. The mean age of the patients (three men and eight women) was 66.7 years (52 to 84), with a mean follow-up of 33 months (24 to 41). Following surgery, two patients had no limp, seven had a mild limp, and two had a persistent severe limp (p = 0.004). The mean power of the abductors improved on the Medical Research Council scale from 2.15 to 3.8 (p < 0.001). Pre-operatively, all patients required a stick or walking frame; post-operatively, four patients were able to walk without an aid. Overall, nine patients had severe or moderate pain pre-operatively; ten patients had no or mild pain post-operatively. At final review, the Harris hip score was good in five patients, fair in two and poor in four. We conclude that using an extensor mechanism allograft is relatively effective in the treatment of chronic abductor deficiency of the hip after THA when techniques such as local tissue transfer are not possible. Longer-term follow-up is necessary before the technique can be broadly applied. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1050–5.
Potential Use of Native Fungi for Value-Added Spalting in Chile
Authors: Galleguillos Felipe , Hernández Vicente A. , Hernández Victor , Palfner Goetz , Figueroa Fabian , Robinson Sara C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Chile is host to several types of temperate forests, many of which are plantations of moderate- to low-value woods. In an effort to explore potential methods of adding value to radiata pine and southern beech, these woods were inoculated with native Chilean fungi to determine if spalting could be induced under a reasonable time frame. Results showed that pine spalted more readily than beech, both internally and externally. Ophiostoma sp. and Phialocephala sp. performed the best in terms of spalting. In addition, a new red-staining fungus was discovered: Eurotium sp. Both wood species did show some level of spalting, and all the captured fungi produced some visual effects. It is concluded that two of the major plantation trees of Chile, radiata pine and southern beech, are suitable for controlled spalting and that native Chilean fungi can be used for this process. These results open a new method for increasing the value of Chilean plantation timber and can be done entirely on a local scale, without reliance on materials or organisms from North America.
Sucrose and Cytokinin Interactions in Relation to Ethylene and Abscisic Acid Production in the Regulation of Morphogenesis in Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey In Vitro
Authors: Wojtania Agnieszka , Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak Elżbieta , Dziurka Michał , Waligórski Piotr 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous sucrose and cytokinin on ethylene production and responsiveness in relation to the shoot formation of Pelargonium × hortorum ‘Bergpalais’ in vitro. Increasing the concentration of sucrose from 15 to 40 g L−1 in medium containing meta-topolin (mT) resulted in a two-fold decrease in the number of shoots and leaves as well as a reduction in ethylene production. The addition of ethylene synthesis inhibitor (AVG) to mT-medium significantly reduced the ethylene production and the shoot growth, but it had no significant influence on the shoot formation. The mT-induced shoot formation was, however, significantly reduced in the presence of ethylene action inhibitor (AgNO3), in a manner dependent on sucrose levels. At the end of the subculture period, increased sucrose concentrations (15–40 g L−1) in the presence of mT and AgNO3 resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in ethylene emission. At the same time, the supply of sucrose caused a 2.8-fold increase in the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Our results may suggest that the inhibitory effect of high sucrose concentration (30 and 40 g L−1) may depend on its influence on ethylene sensitivity. It also suggests that sucrose-regulation of the shoot formation of Pelargonium in vitro is mediated by ABA.
Equity Market Reaction to Sharp Price Changes: Evidence from Poland
Authors: Rezvanian Rasoul , Krysiak Zbigniew , Klaczynska Ewelina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We examine investors’ reaction to sharp price changes using two equity market indices in Poland: WIG and WIG20. Using daily market returns for the two indices from April 1991 and April 1994 to November 2012, we identify the event days as the days where market indices exhibited positive or negative daily price changes of 3 percent or more as well as two and three standard deviations from the mean of the market returns. By following the market behaviour through price trend for 30 days after the event days, two conclusions can be reached: (a) The arrival of unexpected news that cause sharp price changes impacts volatility of market indices, and (b) the subsequent price adjustments after the initial sharp price changes take an upward corrective pattern only after the initial negative price changes, but not after positive price changes.
Contribution to the Research of Sustainable Tourism Development Concept in the Example of Istria (Croatia)
Authors: Ružić Pavlo , Demonja Damir 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tourism is a phenomenon which affects the entire economic and social life, and the implications of its development can be observed in different spheres (economic, psychological, behavioral, and others). Taking into account the simplistic interpretation of the economic development of tourism on the one hand, and social development of tourism on the other hand, it is justified to highlight the problem of so-called “social costs of tourism” as the need for more precise determination of the character of the consequences of its development. In the field of “social costs of tourism” there is a need to the overall tourist development closer approaches and with increased responsibility. This tendency is particularly noticeable in the last decades of the 20th and the early 21st century, when tourism has entered a phase of maturity, which basically requires a change in its interpretation and treatment. The aim of this paper is to identify, evaluate and predict factors that support the sustainable development of tourism in Istria (Croatia). The research used comparative and SWOT analysis, and the results of the research will confirm the application elements of the concept of sustainable development in tourism of Istria, which is introduced with different intensity activities of all stakeholders in the surroundings.
The Influence of the Banking Sector Functions on Economic Activity in Macedonia
Authors: Naumovska Elena , Jovanovski Kiril , Gockov Gorgji 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The subject of this paper is the way in which the banking sector in Macedonia contributes to the economic growth by performing five basic functions: savings mobilization, risk diversification, resource allocation, corporate control and easing exchange. The basic purpose of this paper is, through assessment of the relative importance of each of the functions of the banking sector and analysis of the relationship existing between the banking sector intermediation and economic growth (as measured by GDP) to investigate the impact of the banking sector on the real sector performance in the Macedonia. According to the obtained results the paper provides conclusions for opportunities and directions for increasing the efficiency of the banking sector in the Republic of Macedonia.