bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elementos terras raras e urânio em águas subterrâneas sob influência de aquíferos distintos em Campinas (SP)
Authors: Bulia Isabella Longhi , Enzweiler Jacinta 
Published: October 2015

<p>A composição química de águas subterrâneas resulta, em parte, de reações água-rocha nos respectivos aquíferos. Dentre os vários constituintes das águas, os elementos terras raras (ETR) e urânio podem ser traçadores de processos geoquímicos e de fluxos hidrológicos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar associações entre as assinaturas químicas de águas subterrâneas extraídas de três sistemas aquíferos distintos (cristalino, sedimentar e diabásio) e suas respectivas rochas hospedeiras. As amostras foram coletadas a partir de quatro poços tubulares do campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Campinas, SP), nas quais foram determinados parâmetros físico-químicos, íons principais e elementos-traço, incluindo os ETR. Os resultados indicam que a água de dois poços (IMECC e IB) é predominantemente influenciada pelos aquíferos cristalino e diabásio, enquanto a dos outros dois (GM e FEF) pelo aquífero sedimentar. Os valores individuais e normalizados dos ETR nos quatro poços são distintos entre si, evidenciando a heterogeneidade da geologia local. A água de um poço (GM) apresentou concentrações de urânio superiores ao valor máximo permitido vigente para água potável. O U na água provavelmente resulta da dissolução oxidativa de fase(s) com U presente(s) no aquífero sedimentar. Entretanto, a modelagem hidroquímica indicou Ca<sub>2</sub>UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> e CaUO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup> como as principais espécies de U dissolvidas, as quais são consideradas não tóxicas e não biodisponíveis, conforme dados da literatura. </p>
Epistemologiczne i etyczne podstawy „nowego ateizmu".
Authors: Gutowski Piotr 
Published: October 2015

Na początku stawiam tezę, że widocznej od kilku lat ofensywy ateizmu i agnostycyzmu oraz narastania sentymentów antyreligijnych w Polsce nie da się wyjaśnić wyłącznie procesami zachodzącymi w naszym kraju. Rodzimi ateiści korzystają bowiem z metod i argumentów opracowanych w obrębie tzw. nowego ateizmu - nurtu o charakterze międzynarodowym, który ukształtował się w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku. Jego przywódcami są „czterej jeźdźcy ateizmu”: R. Dawkins, Ch. Hitchens, D. Dennett i S. Harris, których książki tłumaczone są na wiele języków i wydawane w ogromnych nakładach. Po przedstawieniu głównych tez, genezy i celów tego nurtu omówione są jego wybrane założenia: ewidencjalizm i scjentyzm oraz przekonanie, że religie dostarczają uzasadnienia dla działań niemoralnych a dla uzasadnienia działań moralnie słusznych wystarczy sama nauka. ‘Nowy ateizm’ stanowi zagrożenie dla religii, ale także stymuluje pojawienie się sprawnych apologetów. Ich skuteczność zależna jest jednak nie tylko od dobrego wykształcenie teologicznego, ale także filozoficznego, które uwzględnić powinno zwłaszcza wiedzę z zakresu współczesnej epistemologii, filozofii nauki i filozofii religii.
Totally isotropic subspaces of small height in quadratic spaces
Authors: Chan Wai Kiu , Fukshansky Lenny , Henshaw Glenn R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Let K be a global field or

, let F be a nonzero quadratic form on KN with N ≥ 2, and let V be a subspace of KN.We prove the existence of an infinite collection of finite families of small-height maximal totally isotropic subspaces of (V, F) such that each such family spans V as a K-vector space. This result generalizes and extends a well known theorem of Vaaler [16] and further contributes to the effective study of quadratic forms via height in the general spirit of Cassels’ theorem on small zeros of quadratic forms. All bounds on the height are explicit.
A counterexample to the containment I(3) ⊂ I2 over the reals
Authors: Czapliński Adam , Główka Agata , Malara Grzegorz , Lampa-Baczyńska Magdalena , Łuszcz-Swidecka Patrycja , Pokora Piotr , Szpond Justyna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this note is to give counterexamples defined over the real numbers to a question relevant in commutative algebra, concerning a containment relation between algebraic and symbolic powers of a homogeneous ideal.
In Defense of Commodification
Authors: Brennan Jason , Jaworski Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe aim to show anti-commodification theorists that their complaints about the scope of the market are exaggerated. There are we agree things that should not be bought and sold but that’s only because they are things people shouldn’t have or do or exchange in the first place. Beyond that we argue there are legitimate moral worries about how we buy trade and sell but no legitimate worries about what we buy trade and sell. In almost every interesting case where they have argued markets are morally impermissible on the contrary we argue such markets are permissible. Where they see the market as having a fundamentally amoral ethos or as tending to corrupt us we see it as moral and morally ameliorative. Where they think the solution is to contract the market we think the solution is to expand it.
The Impact of Alternative Public Policies on the Deployment of New Communications Infrastructure – A Survey
Authors: Briglauer Wolfgang , Frübing Stefan , Vogelsang Ingo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on alternative policies to promote new fiber-based communications infrastructures addresses (i) various kinds of ex ante sector-specific regulations, (ii) deregulatory approaches based on effective competition law implementation and competitive market structures including co-investment models, and (iii) public subsidies to cover non-profitable (white) areas. The authors identify significant research gaps and present a generic framework for policy recommendations. Public subsidies emerge as the dominant policy alternative in white areas, whereas access regulations can be the preferred policy in white or gray areas, where only monopoly structure or co-investment models lead to private investment. Deregulatory policies might be preferable in gray areas, provided there is sufficient pressure from competitive outside options and if competition law is strong. Finally, deregulatory policies including soft regulation are the dominant policy in black areas, where several independent infrastructure operators exist.
H3K9 methylation extends across natural boundaries of heterochromatin in the absence of an HP1 protein
Authors: Stunnenberg Rieka , Kulasegaran‐Shylini Raghavendran , Keller Claudia , Kirschmann Moritz A , Gelman Laurent , Bühler Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProteins of the conserved HP1 family are elementary components of heterochromatin and are generally assumed to play a central role in the creation of a rigid, densely packed heterochromatic network that is inaccessible to the transcription machinery. Here, we demonstrate that the fission yeast HP1 protein Swi6 exists as a single highly dynamic population that rapidly exchanges in cis and in trans between different heterochromatic regions. Binding to methylated H3K9 or to heterochromatic RNA decelerates Swi6 mobility. We further show that Swi6 is largely dispensable to the maintenance of heterochromatin domains. In the absence of Swi6, H3K9 methylation levels are maintained by a mechanism that depends on polymeric self‐association properties of Tas3, a subunit of the RNA‐induced transcriptional silencing complex. Our results disclose a surprising role for Swi6 dimerization in demarcating constitutive heterochromatin from neighboring euchromatin. Thus, rather than promoting maintenance and spreading of heterochromatin, Swi6 appears to limit these processes and appropriately confine heterochromatin.
MED23: a new Mediator of H2B monoubiquitylation
Authors: Streubel Gundula , Bracken Adrian P 
Published: October 2015

The Mediator multiprotein complex physically links transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and the basal transcription machinery. While the Mediator complex has been shown to be required for transcriptional initiation and elongation, the understanding of its interplay with histone modifying enzymes and post‐translational modifications remains elusive. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Yao et al (2015) report that the MED23 subunit of the Mediator complex physically associates with the heterodimeric RNF20/40 E3‐ligase complex to facilitate the monoubiquitylation of histone H2B on gene bodies of actively transcribed genes.
Chemical exposure levels in printing and coating workers with cholangiocarcinoma (third report)
Authors: Yamada Kenichi , Kumagai Shinji , Kubo Shoji , Endo Ginji 
Published: October 2015

Chemical exposure levels in printing and coating workers with cholangiocarcinoma (third report): Kenichi Yamada, et al. Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health AssociationObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the chemicals used by five printing workers and one coating worker who developed cholangiocarcinoma and estimate the workers’ levels of chemical exposure.MethodsWe obtained information on chemicals from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, and estimated working environment concentrations of the chemicals in printing and coating rooms and exposure concentrations during the ink and dirt removal processes. We also calculated shift time‐weighted averages of exposure concentrations.ResultsAll five printing workers were exposed to both 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP) and dichloromethane (DCM). The estimated maximum exposure concentrations for each of the five workers were 190 to 560 ppm for 1,2‐DCP and 300 to 980 ppm for DCM, and the estimated shift average exposure concentrations were 0 to 230 ppm for 1,2‐DCP and 20 to 470 ppm for DCM. The coating worker was exposed to 1,2‐DCP, but not DCM. He did not use ink, and thus was subjected to different conditions than the printing workers. The estimated maximum exposure concentration of 1,2‐DCP was 150 ppm, and the estimated shift time‐weighted average exposure concentration was 5 to 19 ppm.ConclusionsOur findings support the notion that 1,2‐DCP contributes to the development of cholangiocarcinoma in humans and the notion that DCM may also be a contributing factor. The finding that the coating worker was exposed to 1,2‐DCP at a lower exposure concentration is important for determining the occupational exposure limit. Furthermore, the subject did not use ink, which suggests that ink did not contribute to the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
Stigma and Parenting Children Conceived From Sexual Violence
Authors: Rouhani Shada A. , Scott Jennifer , Greiner Ashley , Albutt Katherine , Hacker Michele R. , Kuwert Philipp , VanRooyen Michael , Bartels Susan 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Since armed conflict began in 1996, widespread sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has resulted in many sexual violence-related pregnancies (SVRPs). However, there are limited data on the relationships between mothers and their children from sexual violence. This study aimed to evaluate the nature and determinants of these maternal–child relationships.

METHODS:
Using respondent-driven sampling, 757 women raising children from SVRPs in South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo were interviewed. A parenting index was created from questions assessing the maternal–child relationship. The influences of social stigma, family and community acceptance, and maternal mental health on the parenting index were assessed in univariate and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS:
The majority of mothers reported positive attitudes toward their children from SVRPs. Prevalence of perceived family or community stigma toward the women or their children ranged from 31.8% to 42.9%, and prevalence of perceived family or community acceptance ranged from 45.2% to 73.5%. In multivariable analyses, stigma toward the child, as well as maternal anxiety and depression, were associated with lower parenting indexes, whereas acceptance of the mother or child and presence of a spouse were associated with higher parenting indexes (all P ≤ .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study with a large sample size, stigma and mental health disorders negatively influenced parenting attitudes, whereas family and community acceptance were associated with adaptive parenting attitudes. Interventions to reduce stigmatization, augment acceptance, and improve maternal mental health may improve the long-term well-being of mothers and children from SVRPs.
Hospital Variation in Health Care Utilization by Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Ralston Shawn L. , Harrison Wade , Wasserman Jared , Goodman David C. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:Although children with medical complexity have high health care needs, little is known about the variation in care provided between centers. This information may be particularly useful in identifying opportunities to improve quality and reduce costs.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective population-based observational cohort study using all payer claims databases for children aged 30 days to &lt;18 years residing in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont from 2007 to 2010. We identified hospital-affiliated cohorts (n = 6) of patients (n = 8216) with medical complexity by using diagnostic codes from both inpatient and outpatient claims. Children were assigned to the hospital where they received the most inpatient days, or their outpatient visits if no hospitalization occurred. Outcomes of interest included patient encounters, medical imaging, and diagnostic testing. Adjusted relative rates were calculated with overdispersed Poisson regression models.RESULTS:Adjusting for patient characteristics, the number of inpatient (relative rate 0.84 vs 2.28) and intensive care days (relative rate 0.45 vs 1.28) varied by more than twofold, whereas office (relative rate 0.77 vs 1.12) and emergency department visits (relative rate 0.71 vs 1.37) varied to a lesser extent. There was also marked variation in the use of imaging, and other diagnostic tests, with particularly high variation in electrocardiography (relative rate 0.35 vs 2.81) and head MRI (relative rate 0.72 vs 2.12).CONCLUSIONS:Depending on where they receive care, children with medical complexity experience widely different patterns of utilization. These findings indicate the need for identifying best practices for this growing patient population.
Surgical Site Infection Reduction by the Solutions for Patient Safety Hospital Engagement Network
Authors: Schaffzin Joshua K. , Harte Lory , Marquette Scott , Zieker Karen , Wooton Sharyl , Walsh Kathleen , Newland Jason G. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) negatively affect patients and the health care system. National standards for SSI prevention do not exist in pediatric settings. We sought to reduce SSI-related harm by implementing a prevention bundle through the Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) national hospital engagement network.

METHODS:
Our study period was January 2011 to December 2013. We formed a national workgroup of content and quality improvement experts. We focused on 3 procedure types at high risk for SSIs: cardiothoracic, neurosurgical shunt, and spinal fusion surgeries. We used the Model for Improvement methodology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SSI definition. After literature review and consultation with experts, we distributed a recommended bundle among network partners. Institutions were permitted to adopt all or part of the bundle and reported local bundle adherence and SSI rates monthly. Our learning network used webinars, discussion boards, targeted leader messaging, and in-person learning sessions.

RESULTS:
Recommended bundle elements encompassed proper preoperative bathing, intraoperative skin antisepsis, and antibiotic delivery. Within 6 months, the network achieved 96.7% reliability among institutions reporting adherence data. A 21% reduction in SSI rate was reported across network hospitals, from a mean baseline rate of 2.5 SSIs per 100 procedures to a mean rate of 1.8 SSIs per 100 procedures. The reduced rate was sustained for 15 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adoption of a SSI prevention bundle with concomitant reliability measurement reduced the network SSI rate. Linking reliability measurement to standardization at an institutional level may lead to safer care.
Effectiveness and Cost of Bidirectional Text Messaging for Adolescent Vaccines and Well Care
Authors: O'Leary Sean T. , Lee Michelle , Lockhart Steven , Eisert Sheri , Furniss Anna , Barnard Juliana , Shmueli Doron , Stokley Shannon , Dickinson L. Miriam , Kempe Allison 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effectiveness and cost of bidirectional short messaging service in increasing rates of vaccination and well child care (WCC) among adolescents.

METHODS:
We included all adolescents needing a recommended adolescent vaccine (n = 4587) whose parents had a cell-phone number in 5 private and 2 safety-net pediatric practices. Adolescents were randomized to intervention (n = 2228) or control (n = 2359). Parents in the intervention group received up to 3 personalized short messaging services with response options 1 (clinic will call to schedule), 2 (parent will call clinic), or STOP (no further short messaging service). Primary outcomes included completion of all needed services, WCC only, all needed vaccinations, any vaccination, and missed opportunity for vaccination.

RESULTS:
Intervention patients were more likely to complete all needed services (risk ratio [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.53), all needed vaccinations (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12–1.50), and any vaccination (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.54). Seventy-five percent of control patients had a missed opportunity versus 69% of intervention (P = .002). There was not a significant difference for WCC visits. Responding that the clinic should call to schedule (“1”) was associated with the highest effect size for completion of all needed services (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.41–2.54). Net cost ranged from $855 to $3394 per practice.

CONCLUSIONS:
Bidirectional short messaging service to parents was effective at improving rates for all adolescent vaccinations and for all needed services, especially among parents who responded they desired a call from the practice.
Incidence of Dravet Syndrome in a US Population
Authors: Wu Yvonne W. , Sullivan Joseph , McDaniel Sharon S. , Meisler Miriam H. , Walsh Eileen M. , Li Sherian Xu , Kuzniewicz Michael W. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:De novo mutations of the gene sodium channel 1α (SCN1A) are the major cause of Dravet syndrome, an infantile epileptic encephalopathy. US incidence of DS has been estimated at 1 in 40 000, but no US epidemiologic studies have been performed since the advent of genetic testing.METHODS:In a retrospective, population-based cohort of all infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 2007–2010, we electronically identified patients who received ≥2 seizure diagnoses before age 12 months and who were also prescribed anticonvulsants at 24 months. A child neurologist reviewed records to identify infants who met 4 of 5 criteria for clinical Dravet syndrome: normal development before seizure onset; ≥2 seizures before age 12 months; myoclonic, hemiclonic, or generalized tonic-clonic seizures; ≥2 seizures lasting &gt;10 minutes; and refractory seizures after age 2 years. SCN1A gene sequencing was performed as part of routine clinical care.RESULTS:Eight infants met the study criteria for clinical Dravet syndrome, yielding an incidence of 1 per 15 700. Six of these infants (incidence of 1 per 20 900) had a de novo SCN1A missense mutation that is likely to be pathogenic. One infant had an inherited SCN1A variant that is unlikely to be pathogenic. All 8 experienced febrile seizures, and 6 had prolonged seizures lasting &gt;10 minutes by age 1 year.CONCLUSIONS:Dravet syndrome due to an SCN1A mutation is twice as common in the United States as previously thought. Genetic testing should be considered in children with ≥2 prolonged febrile seizures by 1 year of age.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROCRITICAL CARE
Authors: Piradov M. A. , Moroz V. V. 
Published: October 2015

In this review we provide the definition, goals and objectives of neurocritical care, evaluation of brief history of its development. Mechanical ventilation, intracranial hypertension, neuromonitoring as underlying basics of neurocritical care approaches are discussed. The main types of pathology and specific methods used in neurocritical care units are discussed. The results of our own research on brain death — the development of national criteria; for Guillain-Barre syndrome — a double decrease in the length of mechanical ventilation and in 2.5 times of the recovery time for independent walking ability; on diphteric polyneuropathy — reduced by 11 times mortality compared with nation-wide indicators of non-traumatic persistent vegetative state — the development of diagnostic and predictive neurophysiologic criteria are demonstrated. Research data of multiple organ disfunction syndrome in severe stroke are described. Further development of neurocritical care is being discussed.
Error Analysis of Inertial Navigation Systems Using Test Algorithms
Authors:   Faculty of Aeronautics, Slovakia, Vaispacher Tomáš , Bréda Róbert , Adamčík František 
Published: October 2015

Content of this contribution is an issue of inertial sensors errors, specification of inertial measurement units and generating of test signals for Inertial Navigation System (INS). Given the different levels of navigation tasks, part of this contribution is comparison of the actual types of Inertial Measurement Units. Considering this comparison, there is proposed the way of solving inertial sensors errors and their modelling for low – cost inertial navigation applications. The last part is focused on mathematical testing and simulations of the inertial navigation. Given issue is a partial result, which is part of dissertation thesis Integration architectures of navigation systems.
Upper airway resistance during growth: A longitudinal study of children from 8 to 17 years of age
Authors: Laine-Alava Maija T. , Murtolahti Siiri , Crouse Ulla K. , Warren Donald W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To study upper airway breathing in 115 children annually from 8 to 17 years of age with the hypothesis that upper airway respiratory needs increase steadily during growth and show sexual dimorphism.

Material and Methods:
To calculate nasal resistance, airflow rate (mL/s) and oronasal pressures (cmH2O) were measured during rest breathing in a seated position using the pressure-flow technique.

Results:
Median values of oronasal pressure ranged at different ages in girls from 0.88 to 1.13 and in boys from 0.92 to 1.44 cmH2O, being 0.95 and 0.93 cmH2O at the age of 17 years, respectively. The gender differences were statistically significant in four age groups (P &lt; .05 by the Mann-Whitney test). Mean values of nasal resistance decreased from 8 to 17 years of age in girls from 4.0 (±3.27) to 2.4 (±2.30) and in boys from 3.3 (±2.48) to 1.5 (±0.81) cmH2O/L/s. However, there was an increase in resistance in 11-year-old girls and 12-year-old boys and at the age of 15 in both genders (P &lt; .05 by paired t-test).

Conclusions:
Respiratory efforts stabilize oronasal pressure to maintain vital functions at optimal level. Nasal resistance decreased with age but increased temporarily at the prepubertal and pubertal phases, in accordance with other growth and possibly hormonal changes. When measuring upper airway function for clinical purposes, especially in patients with sleep apnea, asthma, allergies, cleft palate, or maxillary expansion, the measurements need to be compared with age- and gender-specific values obtained from healthy children.