bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdialysis measurements of lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism during the development of laminitis in the oligofructose model
Authors: Medina‐Torres C. E. , Underwood C. , Pollitt C. C. , Castro‐Olivera E. M. , Hodson M. P. , Richardson D. W. , van Eps A. W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyFailure of lamellar energy metabolism, with or without ischaemia, may be important in the pathophysiology of sepsis‐associated laminitis.ObjectivesTo examine lamellar perfusion and energy balance during laminitis development in the oligofructose model using tissue microdialysis.Study designIn vivoexperiment.MethodsSix Standardbred horses underwent laminitis induction using the oligofructose model (OFTgroup) and 6 horses were untreated controls (CONgroup). Microdialysis probes were placed in the lamellar tissue of one forelimb (all horses) as well as the skin dermis of the tail inOFThorses. Dialysate and plasma samples were collected every 2 h for 24 h and concentrations of energy metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and standard indices of energy metabolism (lactate to glucose ratio [L:G] and lactate to pyruvate ratio [L:P]) determined. Microdialysis urea clearance was used to estimate changes in tissue perfusion. Data were analysed nonparametrically.ResultsMedian glucose concentration decreased to <30% of baseline by 8 h inOFTlamellar (P = <0.01) and skin (P<0.01) dialysate. Lactate increased mildly in skin dialysate (P = 0.04) and plasma (P = 0.05) but not lamellar dialysate inOFThorses. Median pyruvate concentration decreased to <50% of baseline inOFTlamellar dialysate (P = 0.03). A >5‐fold increase in median L:G compared with baseline occurred inOFTlamellar and skin dialysate (P<0.03). From a baseline of <20, medianL:Pincreased to a peak of 80 inOFTskin and 38.7 inOFTlamellar dialysates (P<0.02); however,OFTlamellar dialysate L:Pwas not significantly different fromCON. Urea concentration decreased significantly inOFTlamellar dialysate (increased urea clearance) but not inOFTskin orCONlamellar dialysate.ConclusionsIncreased lamellar perfusion occurred during the development of sepsis‐associated laminitis in the oligofructose model. Glucose concentrations in the lamellar interstitium decreased, suggesting increased glucose consumption but there was no definitive evidence of lamellar energy failure.
Anthocyanins as substrates for mitochondrial complex I – protective effect against heart ischemic injury
Authors: Skemiene Kristina , Liobikas Julius , Borutaite Vilmante 
Published: January 2015

Anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids, are known to protect against myocardial ischemia; however, little is known about their direct, acute effects on mitochondria injured by the ischemic insult. In this study, the effects of delphinidin 3‐O‐glucoside (Dp3G), cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside (Cy3G) and pelargonidin 3‐O‐glucoside (Pg3G) on the activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were studied in mitochondria isolated from normal rat hearts and rat hearts subjected to ischemia for 45 min. Cy3G and Dp3G increased the activity of complex I, measured in the presence or absence of coenzyme Q1 (CoQ1), in ischemia‐damaged mitochondria, whereas in nonischemic mitochondria the effect was observed only in the absence of CoQ1. Dp3G and Cy3G but not Pg3G increased state 3 respiration and ATP synthesis with NADH‐dependent substrates in mitochondria after ischemia. The results suggest that certain anthocyanins can act as electron acceptors at complex I, and bypass ischemia‐induced inhibition, resulting in increased ATP production after ischemia. This study provides new information on a possible role of certain anthocyanins in the regulation of energy metabolism in mammalian cells.
HIV viraemia during hepatitis B vaccination shortens the duration of protective antibody levels
Authors: O'Bryan TA , Rini EA , Okulicz JF , Messner O , Ganesan A , Lalani T , Bavaro MF , O'Connell RJ , Agan BK , Landrum ML 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesIndividuals with HIV infection often have early waning of protective antibody following hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. HIV viraemia at the time of vaccination may limit the durability of serum anti‐HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) levels. We investigated the relationship of HIV plasma viral load (VL) and duration of HBsAb among vaccinees enrolled in the US Military HIV Natural History Study.MethodsWe included in the study participants who had no history of prior HBV infection, who had received all HBV vaccine doses after HIV diagnosis, and who had demonstrated an initial vaccine response, defined as HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/L. Responders were retrospectively followed with serial HBV serology from the time of the last vaccine dose until the development of waning (HBsAb < 10 IU/L) or the last HBsAb measurement. Time to and risk for waning were evaluated with Kaplan−Meier survival methods and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.ResultsA total of 186 initial vaccine responders were identified. During 570 person‐years of observation, HBsAb waned in 52 of 186 participants (28%). The cumulative proportion maintaining HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/L was 83% at 2 years and 56% at 5 years. Participants with an undetectable VL [hazard ratio (HR) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.76] or with detectable VL of ≤ 10 000 copies/mL (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.21–1.00) had reduced risk of waning. Other factors including age, number of vaccine doses, CD4 count, and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were not significantly associated with risk of waning HBsAb.ConclusionsUndetectable or low HIV VL at the time of HBV vaccination is associated with greater durability of vaccine response in patients with HIV infection.
Factors associated with risk of depression and relevant predictors of screening for depression in clinical practice: a cross‐sectional study among HIV‐infected individuals in Denmark
Authors: Slot M , Sodemann M , Gabel C , Holmskov J , Laursen T , Rodkjaer L 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesDepression and psychiatric disorders are frequent among HIV‐infected individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and describe the psychiatric history of HIV‐infected individuals in an out‐patient clinic in Denmark and to identify factors of clinical importance that may be used to identify patients at risk of depression.MethodsIn 2013, 212 HIV‐infected patients were included in a questionnaire study. We used the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) to assess the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms. Patients with a BDI‐II score ≥ 20 were offered a clinical evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors associated with risk of depression.ResultsSymptoms of depression (BDI‐II score ≥ 14) were observed in 75 patients (35%), and symptoms of moderate to major depression (BDI‐II score ≥ 20) in 55 patients (26%). There was also a high prevalence of co‐occurring mental illness. In a multivariate model, self‐reported stress, self‐reported perception that HIV infection affects all aspects of life, self‐reported poor health, not being satisfied with one's current life situation, previous alcohol abuse, nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy and previously having sought help because of psychological problems were independently associated with risk of depression.ConclusionsSymptoms of depression and co‐occurring mental illness are under‐diagnosed and under‐treated among HIV‐infected individuals. We recommend that screening of depression should be conducted regularly to provide a full psychiatric profile to decrease the risk of depression and improve adherence and quality of life in this population.
Utility and impact of early t(15;17) identification by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in clinical decision making for patients in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
Authors: Kolhe R. , Mangaonkar A. , Mansour J. , Clemmons A. , Shaw J. , Dupont B. , Walczak L. , Mondal A. , Rojiani A. , Jillella A. , Kota V. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIntroductionAcute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a curable malignancy with studies showing above 90% survival. However, population‐based studies looking at survival suggest that approximately 30% of patients with APL die during induction. Early demonstration of t(15;17) will lead to accurate decision making regarding treatment. The aim of this project was to validate earlier time frames for the Abbott Molecular Vysis LSI promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/ retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe (ASR 6–16 h).MethodsTwenty patients (15 APL cases and five non‐APL cases) were selected for validating various hybridization times for the FISH probe. Expected normal signal pattern was two red and two green signals (2R2G), and the most common expected abnormal signal pattern was two fusion (yellow) signals, one red and one green (2F1R1G) and/or one fusion, one red and one green (1F1R1G).ResultsThe specificity of the probe ranged from 84% at 2 h, 86% at 4 h, 84% at 6 h, and 87% for overnight hybridization. The sensitivity increased from 79% at 2 h, 80% at 4 h, 81% at 6 h to 87% for overnight hybridization.ConclusionBased on the validation studies, we recommend reading of FISH results at the 4‐h incubation mark for a preliminary diagnosis and confirmation with overnight hybridization.
Gasless laparoendoscopic single‐port clampless sutureless partial nephrectomy for peripheral renal tumors: Perioperative outcomes
Authors: Kihara Kazunori , Koga Fumitaka , Fujii Yasuhisa , Masuda Hitoshi , Tatokoro Manabu , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Numao Noboru , Ishioka Junichiro , Saito Kazutaka 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the technical aspects of gasless laparoendoscopic single‐port clampless sutureless partial nephrectomy for peripheral renal tumors, and to evaluate its outcomes, including surgical, pathological, and short‐term oncological and functional outcomes.MethodsBetween January 2010 and June 2013, 103 patients with peripheral renal tumors suggestive of renal cell carcinoma underwent gasless laparoendoscopic single‐port partial nephrectomy. In all cases, an attempt was made to accomplish partial nephrectomy without vascular clamping using ultrasonic coagulating and bipolar sealing devices. Hemostasis was achieved by coagulation and hemostatic agents without reconstructing the renal parenchyma.ResultsOf the 103 patients, gasless laparoendoscopic single‐port partial nephrectomy was accomplished without vascular clamping and parenchymal suture in all but two patients (98%). Median operative time and blood loss were 191 min and 244 mL, respectively. One patient (1%) received allogeneic blood transfusion. The median postoperative time to full recovery was 3 days. Three major complications (3%, all grade 3 urinary leakage) were observed. Of 92 renal cell carcinoma patients, four (4%) had positive surgical margins, most of which underwent thermal degeneration histologically. In 91 non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, 3‐year local recurrence‐free, progression‐free, cancer‐specific and overall survival rates were 100%, 99%, 100%, and 100%, respectively (mean follow‐up period, 21 months). In the 103 patients, the median percent decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate 3 months after partial nephrectomy was 2.4%.ConclusionsGasless laparoendoscopic single‐port clampless sutureless partial nephrectomy can be accomplished in almost all cases of peripheral renal tumors. This surgery is technically feasible and safe, yielding acceptable short‐term oncological outcomes and maximal preservation of renal function.
The utility of the surgical safety checklist for wound patients
Authors: Myers Joseph W , Gilmore Brent A , Powers Kelly A , Kim Paul J , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of changes in patient care resulting from the use of a surgical safety checklist. Data were retrospectively obtained from 233 patients. The number and types of changes made to the patients' intra‐operative management, based on the use of the checklist, were recorded. The number of patients whose management was modified as a result of the checklist was 113 (48%) out of 233. The total number of changes made was 132, and 18 patients had more than one modification made to their care plan. Further stratification was identified: among the 132 changes made, antibiotics were held or administered in 73 (55%), changes related to anaemia involving type and screen or transfusion occurred in 27 (20%), modifications made regarding anti‐coagulation occurred in 8 (7%), beta‐blockers were held in 2 (2%), an allergy was identified in 7 (5%), modifications made to the surgical procedure were 3 (2%) and a category labelled ‘other’ encompassed 9 (7%) changes. The surgical safety checklist is a standardised form of team communication that leads to modifications of the patient care plan in a large percentage of cases. The ever‐increasing complexity of medicine means that patients are at greater risk of oversight and harm without the use of a checklist.
Nursing students' attitudes towards information and communication technology: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach
Authors: Lee Jung Jae , Clarke Charlotte L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test a shortened version of the Information Technology Attitude Scales for Health, in the investigation of nursing students with clinical placement experiences.BackgroundNurses and nursing students need to develop high levels of competency in information and communication technology. However, they encounter statistically significant barriers in the use of the technology. Although some instruments have been developed to measure factors that influence nurses' attitudes towards technology, the validity is questionable and few studies have been developed to test the attitudes of nursing students, in particular.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was performed.MethodsThe Information Technology Attitude Scales for Health was used to collect data from October 2012–December 2012. A panel of experts reviewed the content of the instrument and a pilot study was conducted. Following this, a total of 508 nursing students, who were engaged in clinical placements, were recruited from six universities in South Korea. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed and reliability and construct validity were assessed.ResultsThe resulting instrument consisted of 19 items across four factors. Reliability of the four factors was acceptable and the validity was supported.ConclusionsThe instrument was shown to be both valid and reliable for measuring nursing students' attitudes towards technology, thus aiding in the current understandings of this aspect. Through these measurements and understandings, nursing educators and students are able to be more reflexive of their attitudes and can thus seek to develop them positively.
Production of Pomegranate Juice Concentrate by Complete Block Cryoconcentration Process
Authors: Khajehei Forough , Niakousari Mehrdad , Eskandari Mohammad H. , Sarshar Mohammad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study, complete block cryoconcentration of pomegranate juice was investigated. Two freezing temperatures (−20 ± 1C and −40 ± 1C), two thawing modes (gravitational‐assisted thawing and microwave‐assisted thawing) and four cryoconcentration stages were the process variables. Total dry matter content, process efficiency, pH and color values (L, a, b and ΔE) of cryoconcentrated and ice fractions were investigated. In addition, pomegranate juice concentrate was produced by conventional thermal processes, namely evaporation by rotary vacuum evaporator and by heating at atmospheric pressure to compare the color values and pH of final cryoconcentrated pomegranate juice with those of thermally produced juice concentrates. Freezing temperature and thawing mode did not have any significant effect on the total dry matter content of cryoconcentrated and ice fractions as well as process efficiency, pH and the color values (P > 0.05). However, the results indicate that cryoconcentration stage had a significant effect on dry matter content, process efficiency and the color properties of both fractions (P > 0.05). The final dry matter content of pomegranate concentrate reached 34.20 ± 0.13% from the initial value of 17.16 ± 0.68%. The change in the pH of final cryoconcentrated pomegranate juice was less than the change in the pH of thermally produced juice concentrates. This study showed that the color characteristics of pomegranate juice were well preserved by complete block cryoconcentration process in comparison to conventional thermal processes.Practical ApplicationsConcentration of fruit juices is one of the oldest methods by which the shelf life of fresh products can be extended significantly. Concentration of fruit juices by means of thermal process is proved to induce adverse effects on sensory and chemical properties of them. Cryoconcentration technology is introduced as a suitable technique for concentration of liquid foods and nutraceuticals because it can preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities of the products while it is a green technology. Because pomegranate juice is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that are responsible for its appropriate color, cryoconcentration process has high potential for preserving its nutritional and sensory properties during concentration process.
Fifty years of immunisation in Australia (1964–2014): The increasing opportunity to prevent diseases
Authors: Royle Jenny , Lambert Stephen B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMedicine has seen dramatic changes in the last 50 years, and vaccinology is no different. Australia has made a significant contribution to world knowledge on vaccine‐preventable diseases. Certain deadly diseases have disappeared or become rare in Australia following successful introduction of vaccines. As diseases become rarer, public knowledge about the diseases and their serious consequences has decreased, and concerns about potential vaccine side effects have increased. To maintain confidence in immunisations, sharing of detailed information about the vaccines and the diseases we are trying to prevent is integral to the continued success of our public health programme. Modern quality immunisation programmes need to communicate complex information to immunisation providers and also to the general community. Improving immunisation coverage rates and eliminating the gap in coverage and timeliness between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non‐Indigenous people has become a high priority.
Paediatric cardiology: The last 50 years
Authors: Richardson Malcolm E 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the last half‐century, the outlook for children with heart disease has changed dramatically. Morphologists have transformed our understanding of heart defects. Improved imaging methods, such as echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have made diagnostic cardiac catheterisation almost redundant. However, interventional catheterisation has flourished as transcatheter procedures have replaced surgery for many lesions. The ability to pharmacologically manipulate the duct has revolutionised the management of the sick neonate with major heart disease. Better surgical techniques, such as deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, allow repair of lesions in early infancy before irreversible complications develop. Advances in anaesthesia and intensive care have been integral. New sub‐disciplines, such as fetal cardiology and electrophysiology, have emerged. The sum of these numerous developments is enormous. Lesions that were previously considered lethal are now routinely treated. Consequently, the great majority of children with major heart disease now reach adulthood in good health.
Closing the gaps in child health in the Pacific: An achievable goal in the next 20 years
Authors: Duke Trevor , Kado Joseph H , Auto James , Amini James , Gilbert Katherine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is not inconceivable that by 2035 the substantial gaps in child health across the Pacific can close significantly. Currently, Australia and New Zealand have child mortality rates of 5 and 6 per 1000 live births, respectively, while Pacific island developing nations have under 5 mortality rates ranging from 13 to 16 (Vanuatu, Fiji and Tonga) to 47 and 58 per 1000 live births (Kiribati and Papua New Guinea, respectively). However, these Pacific child mortality rates are falling, by an average of 1.4% per year since 1990, and more rapidly (1.9% per year) since 2000. Based on progress elsewhere, there is a need to (i) define the specific things needed to close the gaps in child health; (ii) be far more ambitious and hopeful than ever before; and (iii) form a new regional compact based on solidarity and interdependence.
Fifty years of allergy: 1965–2015
Authors: Campbell Dianne E , Mehr Sam 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe last 50 years in allergy could almost be considered the first 50 years. Over this time period, we have witnessed the emergence of allergy as a subspecialty, have seen and continue to observe a tremendous change in prevalence of allergic disease and have gained insight into the mechanisms that underlie allergic predisposition and disease manifestation. We have improved the care of children with many forms of allergic disease and now sit poised to be able to alter the natural history of allergic disease with the use of specific immunotherapy. There is much left to do in the next 50 years including understanding what underlies both the predisposition to atopic disease and its natural resolution and identifying the environmental cofactors involved in the ‘allergic epidemic’ and therefore targets for effective primary prevention.
Fifty years of newborn screening
Authors: Wilcken Bridget , Wiley Veronica 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNewborn screening has evolved fast following recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly the development of multiplex testing and applications of molecular testing. Formal evidence of benefit from newborn screening has been largely lacking, due to the rarity of individual disorders. There are wide international differences in the choice of disorders screened, and ethical issues in both screening and not screening are apparent. More evidence is needed about benefit and harm of screening for specific disorders and renewed discussion about the basic aims of newborn screening must be undertaken.