bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of various skin sensations using pulsed focused ultrasound: Evidence for functional neuromodulation
Authors: Lee Wonhye , Kim Hyungmin , Lee Sungon , Yoo Seung‐Schik , Chung Yong An 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTUltrasound application to neural tissues modifies their activity, and it is increasingly considered as a new mode of functional neuromodulation in both central and peripheral nervous system. We investigate that ultrasound focused to skin surface can induce differential peripheral sensations by modulating the activity of sensory receptors. Pulsed focused ultrasound was applied to the last digit of human hands for 10 s using combinations of acoustic frequencies (350 and 650 kHz), tone‐burst‐durations (0.1 and 1.0 ms), pulse repetition frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) with 1% duty cycle, and acoustic intensities (3–100 mW/cm2), divided into two ambient temperatures (20 and 40°C). On insonification, volunteers reported cooling, warming, vibrotactile sensations, and mild nociception, while there was no actual increase to the skin temperature. Continuous insonification, in contrast to pulsed insonification, failed to elicit these sensations. Our results suggest that pulsed ultrasound temporarily modifies the activity of the sensory receptors on the skin, and casts future utility in dermatological applications as well as in the field of haptic device interfaces. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 167–174, 2014
Tuning composition and architecture of biomimetic scaffolds for enhanced matrix synthesis by murine cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gishto Arsela , Farrell Kurt , Kothapalli Chandrasekhar R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA major onset of heart failure is myocardial infarction, which causes the myocardium to lose cardiomyocytes and transform into a scar tissue. Since mammalian infarcted cardiac tissue has a limited ability to regenerate, alternative strategies including implantation of tissue‐engineered scaffolds at the site of damaged myocardium have been explored. The goal is to enable in situ cardiac reconstruction at the injured myocardium site, replace the lost cardiomyocytes, deliver the required biomolecules, and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM synthesis and deposition by cardiomyocytes within such scaffolds remains categorically unexplored. Here, we investigated the survival, ECM synthesis and deposition, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release by cardiomyocytes within three‐dimensional (3D) substrates. Rat cardiomyocytes were cultured for three weeks within two structurally different substrates: 3D collagen hydrogels or polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds. The concentration and composition of the hydrogels was varied, while PCL nanofibers were surface‐modified with various ECM proteins. Results showed that myocyte attachment and survival was higher within collagen hydrogels, while myocyte alignment and beating was noted only within PCL scaffolds. Total protein synthesis by myocytes within PCL scaffolds was significantly higher compared to that within collagen hydrogels, although more protein was deposited as matrix within hydrogels. Significant ECM synthesis and matrix deposition, TIMP‐1, and MMP release were noted within modified collagen hydrogels and PCL nanofiber scaffolds. These results were qualitatively confirmed by imaging techniques. Results attest to the prominent role of scaffold composition and architecture in influencing cardiomyocyte phenotype, matrix synthesis and cytokines release, with significant applications in cardiac tissue remodeling strategies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 693–708, 2015.
Functional anatomy and kinematics of the oral jaw system during terrestrial feeding in Periophthalmus barbarus
Authors: Michel Krijn B. , Adriaens Dominique , Aerts Peter , Dierick Manuel , Wassenbergh Sam Van 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe Atlantic mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus, is an amphibious fish that successfully overcomes the numerous physical challenges of capturing prey in a terrestrial environment. However, it is unclear what changes in the morphology and function of the feeding apparatus contribute to the mudskipper's successful transition from aquatic to terrestrial capture of prey. In particular, how does the mudskipper achieve effective prehension of land‐based prey using its percomorph feeding apparatus? To address that question, we performed a morphological analysis of the feeding apparatus of P. barbarus based on microcomputed tomography scanning, histological sectioning, and dissections as well as a kinematic analysis based on high‐speed video and X‐ray video to quantify the movements of the oral jaw apparatus elements. Our results show that the neurocranium remains in a fixed position relative to the pectoral girdle as the fish pivots over its pectoral fins toward the prey. The premaxilla rotates dorsally and protrudes downward over the prey. The dentary is rotated ventrally over an angle of 120°, which is facilitated by an intramandibular joint. These motions of the neurocranium, premaxilla, and dentary reorient the mouth aperture so it is parallel to the substrate, thereby allowing the jaws to be placed over the prey. The prey is grabbed between the oral teeth or scooped into the mouth primarily via rapid closing motion of the lower jaw. This analysis of P. barbarus clarifies the morphological and kinematic characteristics required by fish to become successful terrestrial feeders at the environmental transition between water and land. J. Morphol. 275:1145–1160, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendroclimatic reconstructions from multiple co‐occurring species: a case study from an old‐growth deciduous forest in Indiana, USA
Authors: Maxwell Justin T. , Harley Grant L. , Matheus Trevis J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTree‐ring‐based climate reconstructions are typically derived from either (1) a single species from one or multiple locations or (2) multiple species from multiple locations. Here, we investigate the ability of using multiple co‐occurring canopy‐dominant species from a single location for climate reconstructions based in the eastern United States. Using a variety of techniques, we first compare the climate signals of three canopy‐dominant species (Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera) at an old‐growth forest in southern Indiana. We then determine if a composite time series of these co‐occurring species increases or decreases the reconstruction model skill. Climate–growth correlation analysis of the species reveals strong and consistent relationships with summer [June–August (JJA)] Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during the period 1895–2012. We first use a split‐sample reconstruction technique to compare the performance of species reconstruction models. We then use a nested technique to build a composite chronology against which to compare the individual species chronologies. The composite chronology of all three species accounts for up to 38% of the mean variation in JJA PDSI, and verification statistics indicate robust statistical skill from 1870 to 2012. The composite chronology reconstruction also outperforms each individual species model, indicating that using multiple co‐occurring species increases reconstruction skill, at least from a single study site. Furthermore, model performance is improved by using nested reconstruction techniques, and implicates the potential ability to use multiple co‐occurring species across multiple locations in the eastern United States.
Optimizing the grain size distribution of allografts in bone impaction grafting
Authors: Putzer David , Coraça‐Huber Debora , Wurm Alexander , Schmoelz Werner , Nogler Michael 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn bone impaction grafting, allografts in the form of bone chips are used for reconstruction of defects and to induce bone remodeling. Optimizing grain size distribution of this allograft material should help prevent implant subsidence by achieving higher primary stability of the graft. We evaluated the influence of grain size distribution on the mechanical stability of allograft material. Bone tissue was rinsed, and the grain size distribution of the allograft material was determined by performing a sieve analysis. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out before and after a standardized compaction procedure for samples with controlled grain size distribution and a control group. Allografts with controlled grain size distribution showed a yield limit almost twice as high as in the control group after a standardized compaction procedure. A better interlocking between bone particles was observed compared to the control group. Thus, grain size distribution has a major impact on the mechanical stability of bone grafts. By controlling the grain size distribution of allograft material, a tighter packing can be achieved and subsequently implant subsidence of implants could be avoided. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1024–1029, 2014.
DNA barcoding detected improper labelling and supersession of crab food served by restaurants in India
Authors: Vartak Vivek Rohidas , Narasimmalu Rajendran , Annam Pavan Kumar , Singh Dhirendra P , Lakra Wazir S 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetection of improper labelling of raw and processed seafood is of global importance for reducing commercial fraud and enhancing food safety. Crabs are crustaceans with intricate morphological as well as genetic divergence among species and are popular as seafood in restaurants. Owing to the high number of crab species available, it can be difficult to identify those included in particular food dishes, thus increasing the chance of supersession. DNA barcoding is an advanced technology for detecting improper food labelling and has been used successfully to authenticate seafood.RESULTSThis study identified 11 edible crab species from India by classical taxonomy and developed molecular barcodes with the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. These barcodes were used as reference barcodes for detecting any improper labelling of 50 restaurant crab samples. Neighbour‐joining tree analysis with COI barcodes showed distinct clusters of restaurant samples with respective reference species. The study demonstrated 100% improper labelling of restaurant samples to cover up acts of inferior crab supersession.CONCLUSIONDNA barcoding successfully identified 11 edible crabs in accordance with classical taxonomy and discerned improper crab food labelling in restaurants of India. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Algae–bacteria association inferred by 16S rDNA similarity in established microalgae cultures
Authors: Schwenk Dagmar , Nohynek Liisa , Rischer Heiko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractForty cultivable, visually distinct bacterial cultures were isolated from four Baltic microalgal cultures Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus, Isochrysis sp., and Nitzschia microcephala, which have been maintained for several years in the laboratory. Bacterial isolates were characterized with respect to morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. A total of 17 unique bacterial strains, almost all belonging to one of three families, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Erythrobacteraceae, were subsequently isolated. The majority of isolated bacteria belong to Rhodobacteraceae. Literature review revealed that close relatives of the bacteria isolated in this study are not only often found in marine environments associated with algae, but also in lakes, sediments, and soil. Some of them had been shown to interact with organisms in their surroundings. A Basic Local Alignment Search Tool study indicated that especially bacteria isolated from the Isochrysis sp. culture were highly similar to microalgae‐associated bacteria. Two of those isolates, I1 and I6, belong to the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides phylum, members of which are known to occur in close communities with microalgae. An UniFrac analysis revealed that the bacterial community of Isochrysis sp. significantly differs from the other three communities.
In vivo dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction in DCTN1 gene mutation carriers
Authors: Felicio Andre C. , Dinelle Katherine , Agarwal Pankaj A. , McKenzie Jessamyn , Heffernan Nicole , Road Jeremy D. , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Farrer Matthew J. , Schulzer Michael , Sossi Vesna , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe used positron emission tomography (PET) to assess dopaminergic and serotonergic terminal density in three subjects carrying a mutation in the DCT1 gene, two clinically affected with Perry syndrome.MethodsAll subjects had brain imaging using 18F‐6‐fluoro‐l‐dopa (FDOPA, dopamine synthesis and storage), (+)‐11C‐dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ, vesicular monoamine transporter type 2), and 11C‐raclopride (RAC, dopamine D2/D3 receptors). One subject also underwent PET with 11C‐3‐amino‐4‐(2‐dimethylaminomethyl‐phenylsulfanyl)‐benzonitrile (DASB, serotonin transporter).ResultsFDOPA‐PET and DTBZ‐PET in the affected individuals showed a reduction of striatal tracer uptake. Also, RAC‐PET showed higher uptake in these area. DASB‐PET showed significant uptake changes in left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral anterior insula, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, left caudate, and left ventral striatum.ConclusionsOur data showed evidence of both striatal dopaminergic and widespread cortical/subcortical serotonergic dysfunctions in individuals carrying a mutation in the DCTN1 gene. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Technical simplification of the supermicrosurgical side‐to‐end lymphaticovenular anastomosis using the parachute technique
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Chen Wei F. , Yamamoto Nana , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Tashiro Kensuke , Koshima Isao 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundSupermicrosurgical side‐to‐end (S‐E) lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is the most favorable anastomotic configuration for the treatment of lymphedema because it creates antegrade and retrograde lymph flow while preserves the native lymph flow. However, it is technically demanding and its successful performance has been limited only to the experienced LVA surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of parachute technique in S‐E LVA and its potential in decreasing the technical complexity of the procedure.MethodsBetween April 2010 and July 2011, S‐E LVAs were performed in 14 patients with bilateral lower limb lymphedema with either the conventional technique or the parachute technique. To exclude interoperator variability of LVAs, only limbs in which S‐E LVAs performed by one surgeon were included. Feasibility, anastomotic patency, operative times, and treatment efficacy of both techniques were retrospectively compared.ResultsThirty‐seven S‐E LVAs were performed by the surgeon; 17 LVAs with parachute technique in seven limbs and 20 LVAs with the conventional technique in seven limbs. Both groups demonstrated 100% anastomotic patency. Time required to perform the S‐E anastomosis using the parachute technique was significantly shorter than when the conventional technique was used (8.6 ± 3.7 vs. 11.3 ± 3.1 minutes, P = 0.025). Both groups showed similar postoperative reduction in lymphedema indices (19.9 ± 8.2 vs. 18.9 ± 10.0, P = 0.841). Conclusions: The parachute technique simplifies the supermicrosurgical S‐E LVA while maintaining efficacy comparable to the conventional technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:129–134, 2015.
Adaptive registration of varying contrast‐weighted images for improved tissue characterization (ARCTIC): Application to T1 mapping
Authors: Roujol Sébastien , Foppa Murilo , Weingärtner Sebastian , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo propose and evaluate a novel nonrigid image registration approach for improved myocardial T1 mapping.MethodsMyocardial motion is estimated as global affine motion refined by a novel local nonrigid motion estimation algorithm. A variational framework is proposed, which simultaneously estimates motion field and intensity variations, and uses an additional regularization term to constrain the deformation field using automatic feature tracking. The method was evaluated in 29 patients by measuring the DICE similarity coefficient and the myocardial boundary error in short axis and four chamber data. Each image series was visually assessed as “no motion” or “with motion.” Overall T1 map quality and motion artifacts were assessed in the 85 T1 maps acquired in short axis view using a 4‐point scale (1‐nondiagnostic/severe motion artifact, 4‐excellent/no motion artifact).ResultsIncreased DICE similarity coefficient (0.78 ± 0.14 to 0.87 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), reduced myocardial boundary error (1.29 ± 0.72 mm to 0.84 ± 0.20 mm, P < 0.001), improved overall T1 map quality (2.86 ± 1.04 to 3.49 ± 0.77, P < 0.001), and reduced T1 map motion artifacts (2.51 ± 0.84 to 3.61 ± 0.64, P < 0.001) were obtained after motion correction of “with motion” data (∼56% of data).ConclusionsThe proposed nonrigid registration approach reduces the respiratory‐induced motion that occurs during breath‐hold T1 mapping, and significantly improves T1 map quality. Magn Reson Med 73:1469–1482, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
31P RINEPT MRSI and VBM reveal alterations in brain aging associated with major depression
Authors: Biedermann Sarah V. , Weber‐Fahr Wolfgang , Demirakca Traute , Tunc‐Skarka Nuran , Hoerst Mareen , Henn Fritz , Sartorius Alexander , Ende Gabriele 
Published: May 2014

PurposePhosphomono‐ and diesters, the major components of the choline peak in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are associated with membrane anabolic and catabolic mechanisms. With the refocused insensitive nuclei‐enhanced polarization transfer technique, these phospholipids are edited and enhanced in the 31P MR spectrum. In depressed patients, alterations of the choline peak and cerebral volume have been found, indicating a possible relation. Thus, combining MR phosphorous spectroscopy and volumetry in depressed patients seems to be a promising approach to detect underlying pathomechanisms.MethodsDepressed in‐patients were either treated with antidepressive medication or with electroconvulsive therapy and compared to matched healthy controls. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging was conducted before and after the treatment phases. A 3D MRI dataset for volumetry was acquired in a dedicated 1H head coil.ResultsPhosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine were increased in depressed patients. Though patients responded to the treatments, phospholipids were not significantly altered. An increased age‐related gray matter loss in fronto‐limbic regions along with an altered relation of phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters with age were found in depressed patients.DiscussionThe findings of increased phosphomonoesthers and an age*group interaction for gray matter volumes need further research to define the role of phospholipids in major depression and possible associations to gray matter loss. Magn Reson Med 73:1390–1400, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Licht als kleinstes Reagenz und Werkzeug
Authors: Baumann Harald , Ernst Uwe , Goez Martin , Griesbeck Axel , Oelgemöller Michael , Oppenländer Thomas , Schlörholz Matthias , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGrundlagenuntersuchungen zum Mechanismus kurzlebiger Zustände führen in der Photochemie zum Verständnis der Wirkprinzipien. Von diesen Erkenntnissen profitieren die industriellen Anwendungen.
Social Support and Self‐Esteem as Mediators Between Stress and Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Pregnant Women
Authors: Jesse D. Elizabeth , Kim Heejung , Herndon Cynthia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine whether satisfaction with social support and self‐esteem mediated the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms in women attending prenatal clinics in a rural Southeastern community (N = 318). Path analysis with linear regression indicated that the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by higher levels of the internal resources of satisfaction with social support and self‐esteem. Self‐esteem had a greater influence on the relationship between antepartum stress and depressive symptoms than did satisfaction with social support. These findings suggest further study to determine whether developing culturally tailored interventions that emphasize stress reduction activities in addition to enhancing self‐esteem and increasing satisfaction with social support can decrease the burden of antepartum depressive symptoms in rural low‐income women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence blue shift of indium phosphide nanowire networks with aluminum oxide coating
Authors: Fryauf David M. , Zhang Junce , Norris Kate J. , Diaz Leon Juan J. , Oye Michael M. , Wei Min , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper describes our finding that optical properties of semiconductor nanowires were modified by depositing a thin layer of metal oxide. Indium phosphide nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates with gold catalyst resulting in three‐dimensional nanowire networks, and optical properties were obtained from the collective nanowire networks. The networks were coated with an aluminum oxide thin film deposited by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition. We studied the dependence of the peak wavelength of photoluminescence spectra on the thickness of the oxide coatings. A continuous blue shift in photoluminescence spectra was observed when the thickness of the oxide coating was increased. The observed blue shift is attributed to the Burstein–Moss effect due to increased carrier concentration in the nanowire cores caused by repulsion from intrinsic negative fixed charges located at the inner oxide surface. Samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area diffractometry to better understand the physical mechanisms for the blue shift. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)