bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact ofWolbachia, male age and mating history on cytoplasmic incompatibility and sperm transfer inDrosophila simulans
Authors: Awrahman Z. A. , Champion de Crespigny F. , Wedell N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost insects harbour a variety of maternally inherited endosymbionts, the most widespread beingWolbachia pipientisthat commonly induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and reduced hatching success in crosses between infected males and uninfected females. High temperature and increasing male age are known to reduce the level ofCIin a variety of insects. InDrosophila simulans, infected males have been shown to mate at a higher rate than uninfected males. By examining the impact of mating rate independent of age, this study investigates whether a high mating rate confers an advantage to infected males through restoring their compatibility with uninfected females over and above the effect of age. The impact ofWolbachiainfection, male mating rate and age on the number of sperm transferred to females during copulation and how it relates toCIexpression was also assessed. As predicted, we found that reproductive compatibility was restored faster in males that mate at higher rate than that of low mating and virgin males, and that the effect of mating history was over and above the effect of male age. Nonvirgin infected males transferred fewer sperm than uninfected males during copulation, and mating at a high rate resulted in the transfer of fewer sperm per mating irrespective of infection status. These results indicate that the advantage to infected males of mating at a high rate is through restoration of reproductive compatibility with uninfected females, whereas uninfected males appear to trade off the number of sperm transferred per mating with female encounter rate and success in sperm competition. This study highlights the importanceWolbachiamay play in sexual selection by affecting male reproductive strategies.
Bedbugs and Grasshoppers: Translation, Myth and the Becoming of the Nation‐State
Authors: Wong Yoke‐Sum 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHow is literally, a nation translated? This paper looks at translation practices as historical process and practice rather than submitting them to causal explanations with respect to the constitution of the nation‐state. It takes as its starting point, two contemporary Malay words negeri (province, state) and negara (country, nation‐state) and how they once had opposing definitions. Working with over three hundred years of dictionaries and lexicons, mainly English‐Malay dictionaries, the words negeri and negara were translated and defined very differently from current dictionaries – nor are they clarified today. What then happened to these words and how were they understood and translated over time, and in what possible context within the language of post‐colonial nation‐state formation? What do the processes of translation offer or convey that disrupts the singularity of nations and nationalism? Writings on translation do not necessarily shed any further clarity but they offer a space in which we can think about translating practices and what they enact in the narrative of the nation.
Improving neonatal mortality in an Ethiopian referral hospital
Authors: Fulton Crawford 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEthiopia has one of the world's poorest neonatal mortality rates (1). As a British paediatrician working for one year, the main aim was to improve neonatal care in a referral hospital’s neonatal unit. An initial project looking at all admissions to the unit over the month of October 2012, revealed the death rate within the unit was 21% of all admissions. Of the 55 admissions only 43 (75%) had a temperature recorded at admission. 29 (67%) of these were hypothermic, and of these 29 initially hypothermic babies, 19 (65%) remained hypothermic or did not have another temperature documented during their stay. Only 33 (56%) had a heart rate and respiratory rate recorded on admission and only 11 (19%) had any further vital signs recorded during their stay. 19 of the admitted infants had a diagnosis of low birth weight and 10 (53%) of these either died or left against medical advice.With this information regular basic neonatal care teaching sessions for doctors and nursing staff were initiated. Vital signs charts were introduced and unit specific protocols were written. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) was trialled and found to be effective, and CPAP training was given to all nurses and doctors on the unit. A room was set aside to be used solely as Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). The nurses were taken to a very effective neonatal unit as an ‘experience sharing’ trip to help with motivation and a grant was also obtained for basic equipment.After 6 months the project was repeated for all the admissions during February 2013. The death rate had progressively fallen and was 10% in February. 54 patients (98%) had a temperature taken on admission and of these, 27 (49%) were hypothermic. 25 (93%) of these hypothermic infants had subsequent temperatures documented which were normal. 54 (98%) had heart rate and respiratory rate recorded on admission and 50 (90%) had them recorded at least daily during their stay. Of the 22 babies with low birth weight (40%), only 4 (18%) died/left against medical advice. 4 received CPAP and 6 were treated with KMC.
Electronic prescribing: Reducing delay to first dose of antibiotics for patients in intensive care
Authors: Matthews Philippa C , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Borthwick Mark , Williams Clare , Byren Ivor , Wilkinson Douglas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDelays in antibiotic therapy in the context of severe sepsis are associated with increased mortality. One way to reduce such delays may be through modifications to electronic prescribing (EP) systems. The research team evaluated the role of one such EP system in reducing delays in antibiotic administration in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). First, the delays in antibiotic administration in adult ICU patients was quantified. The EP system was then modified to remove deafult time settings for antibiotic doses, which ensured that all antibiotic doses were scheduled for administration within an hour of the prescription being generated. Enhanced training for clinicians and nurses was also implemented, focusing on the EP system and highlighting the importance of prompt antimicrobial prescribing and delivery to the patient. The antibiotic administration was re-audited, and a significant reduction in delays (p=0.002, Mann-Whitney U test) was found. This study demonstrates how prudent use of EP systems can help to reduce delays in antibiotic administration in an ICU setting, thus potentially contributing to reducing mortality in patients with sepsis.
The Context of Blood Vessels and Response to VEGF-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Rini Brian I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although therapy directed against VEGF has produced clinical benefit, an understanding of responsive tumor characteristics is lacking. Blood vessel location relative to tumor cells and stromal factors may influence tumor susceptibility to VEGF-targeted therapy. Clinical validation of this potential biomarker is needed to influence clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6647–9. ©2013 AACR.
A Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Pim-3 Kinase Stability and Its Involvement in Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Zhang Fei , Liu Bin , Wang Zhen , Yu Xian-Jun , Ni Quan-Xing , Yang Wen-Tao , Mukaida Naofumi , Li Ying-Yi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP/TPT1) was identified from a yeast 2-hybrid screen and shown to interact with Pim-3, a member of the proto-oncogene Pim family with serine/threonine kinase activity. TCTP was aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and malignant ductal epithelial cells, but not in normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells adjacent to tumor foci of human pancreatic cancer tissue. Moreover, TCTP colocalized with Pim-3 both in human pancreatic cancer cells and in clinical tissues. Mapping studies revealed that the interaction between Pim-3 and TCTP occurred through the C-terminal region of Pim-3 and N-terminal region of TCTP. Although Pim-3 had no effect on TCTP expression or phosphorylation, overexpression of TCTP increased the amount of Pim-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, RNAi-mediated ablation of TCTP expression reduced Pim-3 protein but not mRNA, through a mechanism involving the ubiquitin–proteasome degradation system. As a consequence of Pim-3 instability and subsequent degradation, tumor growth in vitro and in vivo was inhibited by arresting cell-cycle progression and enhancing apoptosis. Furthermore, TCTP and Pim-3 expression were significantly correlated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens, and patients with highly expressed TCTP and Pim-3 presented with a more advanced tumor stage. These observations indicate that TCTP enhances Pim-3 stability to simultaneously promote and prevent cell-cycle progression and apoptosis, respectively. Hence, TCTP and Pim-3 serve a pivotal role in human pancreatic cancer with important ramifications for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Implications: The present study provides a new idea and experimental evidence for recognizing TCTP/Pim-3 pathway as a target for therapy in human pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 11(12); 1508–20. ©2013 AACR.
Probing functional polymorphisms in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Bonizzoni Mariangela , Britton Monica , Marinotti Osvaldo , Dunn William Augustine , Fass Joseph , James Anthony A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease world-wide and its primary vector is the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The current lack of commercially-available vaccines makes control of vector populations the only effective strategy to prevent dengue transmission. Aedes aegypti geographic populations exhibit great variability in insecticide resistance and susceptibility to dengue infection. The characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as molecular markers to study quantitatively this variation is needed greatly because this species has a low abundance of microsatellite markers and limited known restriction fragments length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) markers.

Results
We used RNA-seq to characterize SNPs in three Ae. aegypti strains, including the Liverpool (LVP) strain, from which the current genome annotation is derived. We identified 131,764 unique genome locations with at least one alternative nucleotide to what is reported in the reference annotation. These comprised changes in both open-reading frames (ORFs) and untranslated regions (UTRs) of transcripts. An in depth-look at sequence variation in immunity genes revealed that those associated with autophagy, MD2-like receptors and Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins had more sequence variation in their 3’UTRs than mutations associated with non-synonymous changes. This supports the conclusion that these genes had maintained their functional specificity while being adapted to different regulatory domains. In contrast, a number of peroxidases, serpins and Clip-domain serine proteases exhibited conservation of putative UTR regulatory sequences while displaying diversification of the ORFs. Transcriptome evidence also was found for ~2500 novel transcriptional units (NTUs) not annotated in the reference genome.

Conclusions
The transcriptome-wide assessment of within and inter-strain polymorphisms in Ae. aegypti adds considerably to the number of molecular markers available for genetic studies in this mosquito. Additionally, data supporting NTU discovery emphasizes the need for continuous amendments of the reference genome annotation.
Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosafrom central Greece: molecular epidemiology and genetic analysis of class I integrons
Authors: Liakopoulos Apostolos , Mavroidi Angeliki , Katsifas Efstathios A , Theodosiou Alexandros , Karagouni Amalia D , Miriagou Vivi , Petinaki Efthymia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious challenge for antimicrobial therapy of nosocomial infections, as it possesses several mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In Central Greece, a sudden increase of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was observed during 2011, indicating the need for further analysis.

Methods
Five-hundred and sixty-eight P. aeruginosa isolates were collected consecutively during an 8-month period in 2011 from inpatients treated in three hospitals in the Thessaly region (1,000,000 habitants) of Greece. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (n = 284) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and β-lactamase content, and the genetic relatedness of carbapenemase-producing isolates was assessed by BOX-PCR, multilocus sequence typing, and eBURST analysis. Mapping of the class I integrons of Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM)-carrying isolates was also performed, and clinical data of the VIM producers were reviewed.

Results
Eighty (14.1%) out of the 568 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from clinical specimens were VIM producers. Multilocus sequence typing revealed high prevalence of the international clones ST111 and ST235 among blaVIM-2- and blaVIM-4-positive isolates, respectively. blaVIM-17 was identified in an isolate of a novel sequence type (ST1457). bla
VIM gene cassettes were carried by five distinct class I integrons, including two novel ones.

Conclusions
Since the first report of VIM-producing P. aeruginosa in 2000, this microorganism still remains among the most prevalent multidrug resistant pathogens in Greece. The spread of VIM-producers belonging to the most common international clones (ST111 and ST235), the spread of integrons of divergent structures, and the emergence of novel integrons underscore their ongoing evolution.
Acceleration of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment - a frontier in Orthodontics
Authors: Nimeri Ghada , Kau Chung H , Abou-Kheir Nadia S , Corona Rachel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNowadays, there is an increased tendency for researches to focus on accelerating methods for tooth movement due to the huge demand for adults for a shorter orthodontic treatment time. Unfortunately, long orthodontic treatment time poses several disadvantages like higher predisposition to caries, gingival recession, and root resorption. This increases the demand to find the best method to increase tooth movement with the least possible disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to view the successful approaches in tooth movement and to highlight the newest technique in tooth movement. A total of 74 articles were reviewed in tooth movement and related discipline from 1959 to 2013. There is a high amount of researches done on the biological method for tooth movement; unfortunately, the majority of them were done on animals. Cytokine, PTH, vitamin D, and RANKL/RANK/OPG show promising results; on the other hand, relaxin does not accelerate tooth movement, but increases the tooth mobility. Low-level laser therapy has shown positive outcome, but further investigation should be done for the best energy and duration to achieve the highest success rate. Surgical approach has the most predictable outcomes but with limited application due to its aggressiveness. Piezocision technique is considered one of the best surgical approaches because it poses good periodontal tissue response and excellent aesthetic outcome. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, further investigations should be done to determine the best method to accelerate tooth movement.
Effects of the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 during resuscitated porcine septic shock
Authors: Wepler Martin , Hafner Sebastian , Scheuerle Angelika , Reize Matthias , Gröger Michael , Wagner Florian , Simon Florian , Matallo José , Gottschalch Frank , Seifritz Andrea , Stahl Bettina , Matejovic Martin , Kapoor Amar , Möller Peter , Calzia Enrico , Georgieff Michael , Wachter Ulrich , Vogt Josef A , Thiemermann Christoph , Radermacher Peter , McCook Oscar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
In un-resuscitated rodent models of septic shock, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPAR-β/δ) agonist GW0742 improved visceral organ function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether GW0742 would attenuate kidney injury during long-term, resuscitated, porcine polymicrobial septic shock.

Methods
Six, 12, and 18 h after the induction of fecal peritonitis by inoculation of autologous feces, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented male pigs with pre-existing atherosclerosis resulting from familial hypercholesteremia and atherogenic diet randomly received either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, n = 12) or GW0742 (n = 10). Resuscitation comprised hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine infusion titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline values.

Results
Despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, fecal peritonitis was associated with arterial hypotension requiring norepinephrine infusion, ultimately resulting in progressive lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury. GW0742 did not beneficially affect any parameter of systemic and regional hemodynamics, gas exchange, metabolism, or organ function. The parameters of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and organ injury (post-mortem analysis for histomorphology and markers of apoptosis) were not influenced either. Immunohistochemistry of pre-shock kidney biopsies from a previous study in this swine strain showed markedly lower PPAR-β/δ receptor expression than in healthy animals.

Conclusions
In swine with pre-existing atherosclerosis, the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 failed to attenuate septic shock-induced circulatory failure and kidney dysfunction, most likely due to reduced receptor expression coinciding with cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidity.
Estrogen receptor β: putting a positive into triple negative breast cancer?
Authors: Smart Emily , Hughes Thomas , Smith Laura , Speirs Valerie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
ERβ was discovered over 15 years ago, yet the initial expectancy that this protein could have therapeutic use has ebbed, because of the complexity surrounding its function and significance in breast cancer. It has become apparent that its functional role and prognostic significance in breast cancer may depend on a number of factors, such as co-expression with ERα, presence of various isoforms (ERβ1, -2 and -5 in breast cancer), post-transcriptional modifications and cellular location. Interestingly, ERβ1 is often expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a more aggressive type of breast cancer with limited treatment options because of the lack of expression of a recognised biological target. Furthermore, clinical data has demonstrated a clear correlation between ERβ1 positivity and improved disease-free and overall survival in those patients treated with tamoxifen. This suggests ERβ1 may be worth considering as a potential therapeutic target, particularly in TNBC.
Conflicts Between Religious or Spiritual Beliefs and Pediatric Care: Informed Refusal, Exemptions, and Public Funding
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS, Antommaria Armand H. Matheny , Weise Kathryn L. , Fallat Mary E. , Katz Aviva L. , Mercurio Mark R. , Moon Margaret R. , Okun Alexander L. , Webb Sally A. 
Published: October 2013

This Policy Statement was retired September 12, 2023.Although respect for parents’ decision-making authority is an important principle, pediatricians should report suspected cases of medical neglect, and the state should, at times, intervene to require medical treatment of children. Some parents’ reasons for refusing medical treatment are based on their religious or spiritual beliefs. In cases in which treatment is likely to prevent death or serious disability or relieve severe pain, children’s health and future autonomy should be protected. Because religious exemptions to child abuse and neglect laws do not equally protect all children and may harm some children by causing confusion about the duty to provide medical treatment, these exemptions should be repealed. Furthermore, public health care funds should not cover alternative unproven religious or spiritual healing practices. Such payments may inappropriately legitimize these practices as appropriate medical treatment.
Effect of dexamethasone or synthetic ACTH administration on endogenous ACTH concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Bugbee Andrew C. , Smith Jo R. , Ward Cynthia R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of dexamethasone or synthetic ACTH administration on endogenous ACTH concentrations in healthy dogs.
Animals—10 healthy neutered dogs.
Procedures—Each dog received dexamethasone (0.01 mg/kg), synthetic ACTH (5 μg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.5 mL) IV at intervals of ≥ 30 days. Plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations were measured before (baseline; time 0) and 1, 8, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration; serum cortisol concentrations were measured before and 1 hour after synthetic ACTH and saline solution administration and 8 hours after dexamethasone administration.
Results—Analysis of serum cortisol concentrations confirmed effects of drug administration. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the endogenous ACTH concentration from the baseline value at both 8 and 12 hours. Synthetic ACTH administration significantly decreased the endogenous ACTH concentration from the baseline value at 8 hours. Saline solution administration had no significant effect on endogenous ACTH concentration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dexamethasone and synthetic ACTH administered IV at doses used routinely during testing for hyperadrenocorticism caused significant but transient reductions of endogenous ACTH concentrations in healthy dogs. Thus, a 2-hour washout period following ACTH stimulation testing before collection of samples for measurement of the endogenous ACTH concentration may be insufficient. Although this effect has not been verified in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, these data suggested that samples for measurement of endogenous ACTH concentrations should be obtained before or > 8 hours after initiation of an ACTH stimulation test or before or > 12 hours after the start of a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.