bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economics of the Black Freedom Struggle
Authors: DAVIES TOM ADAM 
Published: July 2015

Mama Younger: Son, how come you talk so much ’bout money?Walter Lee Younger: Because it is life, Mama!Mama Younger: Oh. So now it's life. Once upon a time freedom used to be life – now It's money. I guess the world really do change.Walter Lee Younger: No – it was always money, Mama. We just didn't know about it.Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun (New York: Random House, 1958), 74
The disproportionate impact of the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis and subsequent economic recession on black families in the United States has helped to revive a long-standing debate about the relationship between race, inequality and the political and economic structures of American capitalist society. The seemingly unmistakable, and increasing, correlation between race and poverty in America has led many to challenge the powerful and pervasive idea – central to the colour-blind conservatism espoused by many on the American right – that the nation's problem of racial discrimination was overcome with the passage of civil and voting rights legislation in the mid-1960s. As part of this process, historians have begun increasingly to reconsider the place of economic questions, principles and aspirations in African American and other minority groups' struggles against racial inequality. Although these three books are very different in form, content, and scope, they each reflect the growing importance of this line of inquiry within the historiography.
Long-term outcomes following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in Samter's triad
Authors: Olivier F , George M , Leuba D , Monnier P , Friedrich J P 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery for Samter's triad patients using an objective visual analogue scale and nasal endoscopy.Method:Using a retrospective database, 33 Samter's triad patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated pre- and post-operatively between 1987 and 2007 in Hospital of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.Results:A total of 33 patients participated in the study, and the mean follow-up period was 11.6 years (range 1.2–20 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on visual analogue scale scores of the five parameters with the greatest difference in intensity of symptoms between the beginning and end of follow up. Group 1 included patients with a mean visual analogue scale score of 6 and below at the end of follow up and group 2 included patients with a mean visual analogue scale score of more than 6. The only statistically significant difference noted between the two groups was the endonasal findings: stage III–IV polyposis was present in 1 out of 24 patients (4 per cent) in group 1 and in 5 out of 9 patients (56 per cent) in group 2.Conclusion:The results of our study indicate that functional endoscopic sinus surgery helps stabilise disease progression. Stage III–IV polyposis had a significant adverse effect on long-term outcome.
Rigid endoscopy in the out-patient clinic
Authors: Costello R , Whittet H B 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper presents an efficient and ergonomic system for performing rigid endoscopic examination in the out-patient clinic setting. The set-up encourages user comfort, and facilitates clear images of the nasal mucosa, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.Equipment:This consisted of anti-fog solution, a 5 ml syringe, a cardboard receiver and gauze.Conclusion:By using disposable equipment we encourage good infection control practices. We recommend that users of rigid endoscopes in the out-patient setting consider setting up for each patient in this manner.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the anterior skull base: a surgical challenge
Authors: Martínez-Capoccioni G , Serramito-García R , Huertas-Pardo B , García-Allut A , Martín-Martín C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effective closure rate for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks with functional endoscopic sinus surgery and identify patient characteristics that may be associated with a need for additional therapy.Method:A retrospective analysis of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks was performed. Data on the nature of presentation, patient body mass index, defect location and size, intracranial pressure, clinical follow up, and complications were collected.Results:Twenty-five patients had spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks with evidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The most common sites were the cribriform plate, followed by the ethmoid roof and sphenoid lateral pterygoid recess. All patients underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery to repair the defect. Post-operatively, all patients underwent lumbar drainage and acetazolamide therapy.Conclusion:Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks represent a surgical challenge because of their high recurrence rates. The most important factor for obtaining a successful repair in these patients is reducing their intracranial pressure through nutritional, medical or surgical means.
Prevalence of ear diseases in the children of Delhi
Authors: Chadha S K , Gulati K , Garg S , Agarwal A K 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of ear diseases in children from Delhi, India.Methods:A population-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey was carried out in two districts of Delhi, and involved children of all demographic sections of the region. A total of 4626 children aged between 18 days and 15 years underwent examinations including otoscopy, impedance audiometry and hearing screening.Results:In all, 14.8 per cent of the study sample was diagnosed with one or more ear morbidities, the most common being cerumen impaction (7.5 per cent) and chronic suppurative otitis media (3.6 per cent). There was clinical evidence of otitis media with effusion in 2 per cent of children, and 0.96 per cent had otitis externa (bacterial and fungal). The point prevalence of acute suppurative otitis media was 0.39 per cent. In all, 0.45 per cent of children were found to have an undiagnosed foreign body within the ear canal.Conclusion:The high prevalence of ear disease poses a significant public health problem in Delhi.
On the minimum requirements for otolaryngology clinics in National Health Service hospitals
Authors: Hussain S S M , Baring D , Cain A J , Clement W A , Dempster J , Haddow K , Jones S E M , Balaji N , Ram B , Sheikh S , White A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper, a report by the Clinical Governance and Audit Committee of the Scottish Otolaryngological Society, presents a consensus view of the minimal requirements for ENT clinics in National Health Service hospitals.Results and conclusion:The provision of adequate equipment and staff has gained increasing importance as the vast majority of ENT procedures can be safely performed in the out-patient or office setting.
Z-plasty for skin complications of bone-anchored hearing aid implantation
Authors: Miura M S , Rios M N 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:The bone-anchored hearing aid implantation technique is associated with post-operative skin reactions, which require conservative therapy and, in some cases, replacement of the abutment. Z-plasty is a technique that allows resection of the granulation tissue, thus ensuring that disease-free skin will be in contact with the abutment.Case report:Use of the Z-plasty technique for resection of the peri-abutment granulation tissue is described. In the case presented herein, the episodes of skin reaction became very frequent and the patient was unable to use his bone-anchored hearing aid for 2 to 3 days a week. We opted for surgical treatment with Z-plasty for management of the skin complications.Conclusion:Use of the Z-plasty technique is recommended for the management of skin reactions associated with bone-anchored hearing aid implantation.
Simple suturing of the nasal septum using the Maniceps septum stitch device
Authors: Kuboki A , Yanagi K , Nakayama T , Haruna S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:To present the utility of the recently introduced Maniceps septum stitch device for suturing of the nasal septum.Methods:This paper describes nasal septum suturing techniques using the Maniceps septum stitch device following septoplasty to prevent post-operative complications such as haematoma and nasal septum perforation.Conclusion:Nasal septum suturing using the Maniceps septum stitch device appears to be a safe and easy surgical procedure to help prevent post-operative complications and may reduce the incidence of nasal septum perforation following septoplasty.
Treatment of pregnancy-associated oral pyogenic granuloma with life-threatening haemorrhage by transarterial embolisation
Authors: Tsai K-Y , Wang W-H , Chang G-H , Tsai Y H 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:Pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumour) is not uncommon. However, control of severe bleeding associated with the lesion by transarterial embolisation has never been reported.Case report:We report the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman (34 weeks gestation) who presented with a pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma of the mandibular gingiva with a life-threatening haemorrhage. The bleeding stopped soon after transarterial micro-embolisation and regressed after one month; thus, no further surgical excision was needed. The patient was free of post-operative wound pain and infection, and there was no recurrence after one year of follow up.Conclusion:In general, surgical excision is the first treatment choice for pregnancy tumours. However, it is limited by the risk of marked deformity or incomplete excision when large lesions or difficult surgical areas are encountered. For large tumours, transarterial embolisation may be a safer alternative.
Are head bandages really required after middle-ear surgery? A systematic review
Authors: Khan I , Mohamad S , Ansari S , Iyer A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:A systematic review was performed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of head bandages after routine elective middle-ear surgery.Methods:Studies that compared the effectiveness of head bandage use after elective middle-ear surgery (e.g. myringoplasty, mastoidectomy and cochlear implantation) were identified using the following databases: Ovid Medline and Embase, the Ebsco collections, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar. An initial search identified 71 articles. All titles and abstracts were reviewed. Thirteen relevant articles were inspected in more detail; of these, only five met the inclusion criteria. These included three randomised, controlled trials, one retrospective case series and one literature review.Results:The three randomised, controlled trials (level of evidence 1b) showed no statistically significant differences in post-operative outcomes (in terms of complications) associated with head bandage use in middle-ear surgery. This finding was supported by the retrospective case series involving patients undergoing cochlear implantation.Conclusion:Current available evidence shows no advantage of head bandage use after middle-ear surgery. Head bandages may not be required after routine, uncomplicated middle-ear surgery.
The Hostile Family and the Purpose of the “Natural Kingdom” in Hobbes's Political Thought
Authors: Koganzon Rita 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn his political writings, Hobbes consistently distinguishes between “natural” and “artificial” commonwealths—those that arise from the family, and those created by mutual covenants. Although he insists that “both have the same right of government,” closer examination of Hobbes's accounts of the family reveals that it is a radically deficient model for the state, and that Hobbes was engaged in a polemic against both republicans and absolutists who claimed that parental power was natural, prior to, and even a model for the power of civil sovereigns. For Hobbes, a state based on parental rule is dangerously unstable, exacerbating the mutual fears of parents and children. The “office of the sovereign representative” defuses this conflict, and within the commonwealth, the family is denaturalized and reconstituted as an educative institution whose purpose is to reinforce the artificial sovereign by schooling both parents and children in the miseries of personal rule.
Carl Schmitt—Political Theologian?
Authors: Roberts Aaron B. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract“Political theology” is now a fixture within political theory's lexicon. Although Carl Schmitt'sPolitical Theology(1922) is identified as the contemporarylocus classicusfor the concept, that work's primary task is only to elaborate a “sociology of juristic concepts.” Beginning in the 1990s, however, Schmitt's entire corpus has increasingly been interpreted as one motivated by “political theology” in a stronger sense—as political action based upon faith in (Christian) revelation. I challenge this thesis by (1) examining its history, (2) drawing attention to the many aspects of Schmitt's (mostly Weimar-era) work that are deeply at odds with this thesis, and (3) reexamining his (mostly postwar) remarks ordinarily cited to bolster the thesis. Ultimately, the core of Schmitt's thought lies elsewhere; returning to the purported father of political theology brings clarity to the bourgeoning discussion of this topic within the discipline.
Family as a framing resource for political identity construction: Introduction sequences in presidential primary debates
Authors: Sclafani Jennifer 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the construction of political identity in the 2011–2012 US Republican presidential primary debates. Focusing on candidates’ self-introductions, I analyze how candidates use references to family members and roles to frame their political identities or ‘presidential selves’. Family references are shown to (i) frame candidates’ personal identities as family men/women; (ii) interweave the spheres of home and politics and consequently, their private and public selves; (iii) serve as a tool of discursive one-upmanship in self-introduction sequences; and (iv) demonstrate intimate familiarity and expertise on the topic of national security. This study extends research on family discourse and identity by examining the rhetorical function of mentioning family-related identities in explicitly persuasive public discourse, and contributes to sociolinguistic research on political discourse by examining how family identities serve as a resource for framing political identities. (Discourse analysis, framing, family, identity, political discourse, presidential debates, sequentiality)
The relationships that matter: social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America
Authors: YU REBECCA P. , MCCAMMON RYAN J. , ELLISON NICOLE B. , LANGA KENNETH M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of middle-aged and older Americans are using social network sites (SNSs), but little research has addressed how SNS use is associated with social wellbeing outcomes in this population. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,620 Americans older than 50 from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the relationship between older adults’ SNS use and social wellbeing associated with non-kin and kin relations and explore how these associations vary by age. Results of ordinary least-squares regression analyses suggest that SNS use is positively associated with non-kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, including perceived support from friends (β = 0.13;p< 0.001; N = 460) and feelings of connectedness (β = 0.10;p< 0.001; N = 463). Regression models employing interaction terms of age and SNS use further reveal that SNS use contributes to feelings of connectedness to a greater extent as people age (β = 0.10;p< 0.001; N = 463). Of all kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, SNS use only predicts increased perceived support from children (β = 0.08;p< 0.05; N = 410), and age negatively shapes this relationship (β = −0.14;p< 0.001; N = 410). As older people engage with an increasingly smaller and narrower network with a greater proportion of kin contacts, our results suggest that SNS use may help older adults access differential social benefits throughout later life.
FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF ETHICAL ASPECTS OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES: THE SBU APPROACH
Authors: Heintz Emelie , Lintamo Laura , Hultcrantz Monica , Jacobson Stella , Levi Ragnar , Munthe Christian , Tranæus Sofia , Östlund Pernilla , Sandman Lars 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Assessment of ethical aspects of a technology is an important component of health technology assessment (HTA). Nevertheless, how the implementation of ethical assessment in HTA is to be organized and adapted to specific regulatory and organizational settings remains unclear. The objective of this study is to present a framework for systematic identification of ethical aspects of health technologies. Furthermore, the process of developing and adapting the framework to a specific setting is described.Methods: The framework was developed based on an inventory of existing approaches to identification and assessment of ethical aspects in HTA. In addition, the framework was adapted to the Swedish legal and organizational healthcare context, to the role of the HTA agency and to the use of non-ethicists. The framework was reviewed by a group of ethicists working in the field as well as by a wider set of interested parties including industry, interest groups, and other potential users.Results: The framework consists of twelve items with sub-questions, short explanations, and a concluding overall summary. The items are organized into four different themes: the effects of the intervention on health, its compatibility with ethical norms, structural factors with ethical implications, and long term ethical consequences of using the intervention.Conclusions: In this study, a framework for identifying ethical aspects of health technologies is proposed. The general considerations and methodological approach to this venture will hopefully inspire and present important insights to organizations in other national contexts interested in making similar adaptations.
Tuberculosis in immigrants in Finland, 1995–2013
Authors: RÄISÄNEN P. E. , SOINI H. , VASANKARI T. , SMIT P.W. , NUORTI J. P. , OLLGREN J. , RUUTU P. , LYYTIKÄINEN O. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIncreasing immigration from high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries is a challenge for surveillance and control in Finland. Here, we describe the epidemiology of TB in immigrants by using national surveillance data. During 1995–2013, 7030 (84·7%) native and 1199 (14·4%) immigrant cases were identified. The proportion of immigrant cases increased from 5·8% in 1995 to 32·1% in 2013, consistent with increasing immigrant population (2·1–5·6%) and decreasing incidence of TB in the native population (from 12·1 to 3·5/100 000). TB cases in immigrants were significantly younger, more often female, and had extrapulmonary TB more often than native cases (P< 0·01 for all comparisons); multidrug resistance was also more common in immigrants than natives (P< 0·01). Immigrant cases were born in 82 different countries; most commonly in Somalia and the former Soviet Union/Russia. During 2008–2013, 433Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from immigrants were submitted for spoligotyping; 10 different clades were identified. Clades were similar to those found in the case's country of birth. Screening immigrants from high-incidence countries and raising awareness of common characteristics and symptoms of TB is important to ensure early diagnosis and to prevent transmission.
Etude diachronique du conditionnel passé ou l'origine de la contrefactualité
Authors: PATARD ADELINE , GRABAR NATALIA , DE MULDER WALTER 
Published: July 2015

RéSUMéL'article propose d'étudier diachroniquement le conditionnel passé (noté CONDPA) qui a pour particularité de pouvoir signifier contextuellement la contrefactualité (ex.Si j'avais su, je neseraispasvenu.). Le but de cette étude est de retracer, à travers une analyse de corpus, l'émergence de cette interprétation contrefactuelle, qui s'est généralisée en français à partir du 17èmesiècle. Ce changement coïncide avec l'acquisition d'une valeur de passé aoriste, correspondant au dernier stade du chemin d'évolution des formes parfaites décrit par Bybee et al. (1994). L'émergence de la contrefactualité est analysée comme le résultat de la conventionnalisation d'inférences (cf. Heine 2002).
Grammaticalisation des valeurs d’aspect et de phase? A propos des constructions à verbes supports
Authors: SCHØSLER LENE 
Published: July 2015

RESUMEA la différence du latin, les langues romanes possèdent des verbes «polylexicaux», en particulier des constructions à verbe support. Partant de l’hypothèse que ces constructions sont des structures grammaticalisées ou en voie de grammaticalisation, la présente étude se propose d’examiner dans quelle mesure il est possible d’analyser le choix entre les verbes supports comme un choix entre diverses valeurs d’aspect ou de phase. Si cette idée se vérifie, les verbes supports pourraient être considérés comme membres du paradigme temporel, aspectuel et modal (TAM) du français, à l’instar de la morphologie verbale et des auxiliaires verbaux de temps, d’aspect et de mode. J’utilise le termeparadigmeselon la définition de Nørgård-Sørensen et al. (2011) qui implique un choix entre formes ayant chacune sa valeur grammaticale propre.
“When Red Pigeons Gathered on Tang's House”: A Warring States Period Tale of Shamanic Possession and Building Construction set at the turn of the Xia and Shang Dynasties
Authors: ALLAN SARAH 
Published: July 2015

Abstract“When Red Pigeons Gathered on Tang's House” (Chi jiu zhi ji Tang zhi wu 赤之集湯之屋) is a Warring States period bamboo manuscript written in the script of the Chu state. It concerns figures that are well known in historical legend: Tang湯, the founder of the Shang dynasty; his wife; his minister Yi Yin伊尹, here called by the titlexiaochen 小臣[minor servitor]; and the last king of the Xia dynasty, here called simply the Xia Lord (xia hou 夏后). These figures have their familiar identities, but the tale recorded in the manuscript is unique and has no apparent political or philosophical import. The protagonist, Xiaochen, is Tang's cook, but he does not play the role of founding minister raised up by a future king. Moreover, he is associated with a nexus of motifs associated with shamans, including spirit possession. He acquires clairvoyance after eating a soup of magic red birds (jiu 鳩, [pigeons] orhu 鵠[cranes]) intended for Tang. After fleeing from an angry Tang, he is possessed by a spirit-medium raven. He then cures the illness of the Xia Lord by having him move his house and kill the yellow snakes and white rabbits under his bed. One rabbit escapes and the story concludes that this is why parapets are placed on houses, suggesting that the context of the story was the construction of a building. Thus, it may have been similar to a historiola, narrated in a ritual to sanctify houses after the placement of the parapet, thus preventing illness among the inhabitants.