bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling miRNAs in a hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic Ins2Akita mouse model
Authors: GIOCANTI‐AUREGAN A , AHN L , TSANG SH , SANCHO‐PELLUZ J , KISS S , ROSENBLATT MI , TUSCHL T , PENA JTG , D’AMICO DJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. Our goal is to identify novel genetic targets involved in DR. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. The purpose of this study is to characterize the in vivo perturbations of retinal miRNAs in a hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic mouse model. Here, we characterize the vascular and macroscopic anatomic properties of the Ins2Akita mouse and then profiled the miRNA abundance longitudinally, using a cost effective multiplexed next generation sequencing method.Methods Heterozygous male Ins2Akita with a mutation in the insulin 2 gene, were age matched with C57BL6/J mice. We analyzed: vascular permeability by Evans blue extravasation, performed fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, and surveyed for functional visual impairment by electroretinography (ERG). Then, we measured miRNA abundance in the retina and choroid/retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) at several time points using multiplexed libraries of Ins2Akita and wild‐type mice at 1 and 3 months of age.Results Morphological changes and fluorescein angiogram abnormalities were identified in the retinas of Ins2Akita at 1 and 3 months. We observed substantially increased vascular permeability in Ins2Aktia retina at 3 months. Functional changes were observed by ERG at 6 months of age. miRNA profiles were generated for Ins2Akita and control mice (1 and 3 months), which showed substantial down regulation of several miRNAs including miR‐126 and miR‐143 in the choroid/RPE, when compared to control.Conclusion miRNAs identified offer potential targets for genetic modulation in hyperglycemic induced pathology in the eye
Visual function changes in an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: SEGURA CALVO F , LÓPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , SÁNCHEZ‐CANO A , FUENTES‐BROTO L , PÉREZ‐GARCÍA D , PINILLA I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in pigmented P23H‐1 rats.Methods The assessment of visual parameters was carried out using OptoMotry© system, CerebralMechanics Inc. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity curve were calculated. Eight pigmented heterozygous P23H‐1 rats were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 postnatal days. Visual function of Long Evans rats was evaluated to provide a background for the study.Results Age‐related losses in visual acuity were found: from 0.500 cyc/deg (P30) to 0.069 cyc/deg (P240). The same trend was observed in contrast sensitivity curve. Peaks from 54.56 (P30) to 1.00 (P210 and P240) were obtained for a spatial frequency of 0.089 cycles/degree. Both parameters began to decline at 30 days of age and continued until P240, when rats were euthanized for retinal immunohistochemistry. Visual acuity of Long Evans rats was close to 0.540 cyc/deg. Contrast sensitivity curve displayed a typical inverted‐U shape.Conclusion Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity decrease while increasing age of the P23H‐1 rats. Similar results to control animals were found at P30. However, a gradual decrease in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was observed from near normal at P30 to low levels at P240. It agrees with the progressive loss of photoreceptors.
A cone‐rod dystrophy patient with a homozygous RP1L1 mutation
Authors: KAMEYA S , KIKUCHI S , GOCHO K , KABUTO T , SUGAWARA Y , YAMAKI K , TAKAHASHI H 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe a family with a cone‐rod dystrophy patient who has homozygous mutation of the RP1‐like protein 1 (RP1L1) gene.Methods A family including a cone‐rod dystrophy patient underwent detailed ophthalmic clinical evaluations including high resolution cone photorecepor imaging with adaptive optics fundus camera. Mutation screening of the sequence of RP1L1 gene were performed by DNA sequencing analysis in this family membersResults A patient showed a mild reduction of cone and flicker response in full‐field electroretinogram (ERG). Her ERG also showed slight decrease in the amplitude of rod response. IS/OS junction and COST line in SD‐OCT images are severely disturbed. Response of multifocal ERGs (mfERGs) of the patient was severely reduced. A homozygous RP1L1 mutation (c.3628 T>C) was identified in the patient. The mutation c.3628 T>C in exon 4 resulted in the substitution of proline for serine at amino acid position 1210. This mutation was not reported in SNP database. The serine at position 1210 is well conserved among the RP1L1 family in other species. Four out of five computational assessment tools predicted that this mutation is damaging to the protein function. This mutation was not present in 460 control alleles. Family members with heterozygous S1210P mutation showed normal best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), SD‐OCT, mfERGs, and focal macular ERGs. Adaptive Optics (AO) images of the patient showed severe reduction of cone density and irregular cone mosaic despite family members with heterozygous S1210P mutation showed normal cone density and regular cone mosaic.Conclusion We have demonstrated a possibility that autosomal recessive cone‐rod dystrophy may be caused by homozygous RP1L1 mutation.
Hunter Syndrome after 12 months of enzyme replacement treatment: A case report
Authors: HERRERA L , CRUZ N , CARAMELLO C , ZABADANI K , PINILLA I , ASCASO FJ , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Hunter syndrome (muchopolysaccharidosis type II) is a rare X‐linked‐recessive inherited disease caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate‐2‐sulfate leading to accumulation of dermatan‐sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in nearly all cell types. Described ophthalmic manifestations include exophthalmos, hypertelorism, pigmentary retinopathy, epiretinal membranes, scleral thickening, optic disc oedema and maculopathy. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human iduronate‐2‐sulphatase (idursulfase) is the treatment of choice. We present the case of a 26‐year‐old patient with Hunter syndrome after 12 months with ERT.Methods Case report of a 26‐yearl‐old patient diagnosed with Hunter syndrome, treated with idursulfate during one year.Results After 12 months with ERT the visual acuity, visual field study, ERG and funduscopic findings remained stable.Conclusion Hunter syndrome is a severe multisystemic disease. ERT is an important therapy that can help improve, or stabilize, patients’ symptoms.
Examination of colour vision deficiency in different types retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: KOEV K , GEORGIEV R , CHERNINCOVA S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Investigation of the colour vision deficiency in different typees of retinitis pigmentosa (RP): autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X‐linked recessive, and isolated cases.Methods Colour vision investigation was conducted on 42 patients (18 women, 24 men) with RP using the Farnsworth 28 HUE‐test, anomaloscope –IF‐2 Tomay, flicker threshold test, standard pseudoisochromatic table and Tritan Lantonie album. The age of the patients varied from 5 to 68 years (mean 39 ± 17, SD),Results In 73,3 % of patients with RP we established acquired colour vision deficiency (dyschromatopsy) . Among the patients with aquired colour vision deficiency we found out using the above‐mentioned tests that 67,8% were with tritanopy, 19,3% were with manifested deuteranomaly and 12,9 % were with protanomaly. The type of dyschromatopsy does not show any relation to the age and visual aquity of patients. When no foveal lesion was apparent in patients with visual acuity better than 20/40, patients with autosomal dominant disease showed superior performance on color vision testing when compared to autosomal recessive, X‐linked recessive, and isolated cases. The Farnsworth 28 HUE test was more sensitive in detecting poor color vision performance than the anomaloscope –IF‐2 Tomay.Conclusion We established a great percentile of patients with RP suffer from colour vision deficiency. Our study reveals that colour vision investigation has an important role in PR diagnosis.
DNA methytransferases are differentially expressed in human eyes
Authors: BONNIN N , BLANCHON L , BELVILLE C , CHIAMBARETTA F , SAPIN V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose We studied DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) implicated in CpG methylation pattern. The aim of our work was to extensively check the presence of DNMT (mRNA and protein levels) and quantify their expressions in the anterior segment.Methods mRNAs were extracted from human cornea, conjunctiva, capsule, trabeculum and from related cell lines (HCE, HTCE, CHANG and TM). cDNAs were generated by reverse transcription, quantified by amplification with specific primers for DNMT1, 3A, 3B and 3L and normalized to the housekeeping gene 36B4. For immunohistochemistry, normal human corneas were provided by the regional corneal graft bank. All proteins were detected by specific primary antibody for DNMT1, 3A, 3B and 3L (Santa‐Cruz®), negative control were done with a rabbit IgG antibody as primary one. Secondary antibody Cy3‐coupled was used.Results All DNMT are expressed in the human eyes but at different levels. DNMT3L looks like to be the weakly expressed. All tested cell lines also expressed DNMTs. Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated strong differences between members and zones of expression of these DNMTs. Our transcripts results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. All tested cell lines also expressed DNMTs. Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated strong differences between members and zones of expression of these DNA methyltransferases. Our transcripts results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry experiments on cornea sections.Conclusion For the first time, an inventory of the DNMT expression in tissues and cells lines from human ocular anterior segment was performed. Future studies will certainly permit to demonstrate the presence of a direct link between a deregulation of the CpG methylation pattern and the already “well known” eye pathologies.
Association between endothelin receptor type A gene polymorphisms EDNRA (C+70G, C+1222T) and the endothelin‐1 plasma concentration in patients with normal tension glaucoma
Authors: WROBEL‐DUDZINSKA D , KOSIOR‐JARECKA E , LUKASIK U , KOCKI J , ZARNOWSKI T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The purpose of his study was to determine the prevalence of endothelin receptor type A gene polymorphisms EDNRA (C+70G, C+1222T) and its correlation to the plasma concentration of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).Methods The study enrolled 36 NTG patients including 23 women and 13 men. In order to analyze the frequency of polymorphic variants of endothelin receptor type A genes EDNRA (C+70G, C+1222T), DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) genotyping was performed using RT‐PCR method (Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). The plasma ET‐1 concentration was detected using an enzyme immunoassay.Results Analysis of the prevalence of endothelin receptor type A gene polymorphisms EDNRA C+70G was: GG‐30,5%, CC‐14,0%, CG‐ 55,5%. The frequency of the genotype GG tended to be higher in women than in men (p=0,07). The prevalence of endothelin receptor type A gene polymorphisms EDNRA C+1222T was as follows: TT‐8,3%, CC‐33,3%, CT‐58,6%. The frequency of the genotype CC tended to be higher in women than in men (p=0,19). The mean ET‐1 level was 1,49±0,71 fmol/ml. The GG genotype of EDNRA C+70G was associated with higher plasma ET‐1 concentration in women group (p=0,02), moreover the CT genotype of EDNRA C+1222T was related to higher plasma ET‐1 concentration in women (p=0,006) and in men (p=0,02).Conclusion In NTG patients the endothelin receptor type A gene polymorphisms EDNRA (C+70G, C+1222T) may have correlation with higher plasma ET‐1 concentration.
Intraocular foreign bodies on the Island of Sealand, a preventable serious eye disease
Authors: MELSOM H , LA COUR M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To estimate the incidence of ocular injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) in the Eastern region of Denmark, and presenting data on aetiology, management, functional and anatomical outcome of these injuries.Methods Search in the national database registry from January 2001 to December 2006 (6 years). Data from matching patient records was recorded. Relevant patients were asked to participate in a late follow‐up clinical examinationResults 32 patients met inclusion criteria. 69% (22/32) patients participated in a final follow‐up examination, and data on the remainder was acquired through relevant patient records at various national clinics. Average follow‐up time was 5 years, 4 months. Estimated incidence of IOFBs in Eastern Denmark identified in this study was 0.154 per 100,000. All patients were male. Hammering was the most common mechanism of injury, occurring in 66% of patients. Endophthalmitis was diagnosed in 6% of patients at presentation. Best‐corrected visual acuity of the injured eye at final follow‐up was 0.5 or better in 47%, 0.5 to 0.1 in 19%, and worse than 0.1 in 34%. Anatomical success, defined as an attached retina and no intravitreal silicon oil, was achieved in 83%.Conclusion The incidence of IOFBs in Denmark seems to be on par with similar recent studies. The demographics are typical for this type of ocular injury. A high rate of anatomical vitreoretinal success was achieved, while a good long term visual function was achieved in half the cases. A considerable proportion of patients sustain severe long‐term visual loss in the injured eye despite modern intraocular surgical techniques. Prevention through simple measures remains the mainstay of dealing with this typically work‐related and serious eye injury.
Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatin from Chicken By‐Product
Authors: Almeida Poliana Fernandes , Lannes Suzana Caetano da Silva 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of gelatin gels extracted from skins and tendons of chicken feet were characterized as an alternative to mammalian gelatin commonly used commercially. After extraction, the preparation of gels for analysis was made by dissolving the dry gelatin with two concentrations: 3.33 and 6.67% (w/w) in distilled water. The determination of gel strength and texture profile analysis was performed using texture analyzer. Gelatin showed high protein content and the value observed for gel strength was higher for the gelatin with concentration of 6.67% (294.78 g), classified as high bloom, while for the gelatin with concentration of 3.33% (96.47 g) was lower, low bloom. The hardness and chewiness increased significantly with increasing concentrations of gelatin and the gelatin with concentration (6.67%) behaved as a solid and it can be used in the preparation of gelatin gums, marshmallows, gelatin dessert among others that requiring high bloom.Practical ApplicationsThis research contributes to the knowledge about chicken feet gelatin from skin and tendons wastes, which can be an alternative to mammalian gelatin in the food industry making more effective use this underutilized resources. The collagen extraction provides a nobler destiny for chicken feet able to boost up the commercial values of these cheap and underutilized protein sources. This work also presents information not addressed on the gelatin from this raw material, such as parameters of texture profile and color, besides the specific characterization, considering the tissue and the extraction method used.
Effect of Chitosan/Nano‐Chitosan Composite Coating on Browning and Lignification of Fresh‐Cut Zizania latifolia
Authors: Luo Haibo , Jiang Li , Bao Yonghua , Wang Libin , Yu Zhifang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of chitosan (CTS, 10 g/L) coating, alone or in combination with nano‐chitosan (N‐CTS, 1.5 g/L), on browning and lignification of fresh‐cut Zizania latifolia were investigated for 12 days at 1C. Results showed that the application of CTS and CTS/N‐CTS coating significantly retarded the increase in total color difference (ΔE) and lignin content and inhibited the activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and peroxidase while improving that of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, thus reducing malondialdehyde accumulation. The present findings indicate that CTS and CTS/N‐CTS coatings could retard browning and lignification of fresh‐cut Z. latifolia during storage at 1C. As the CTS/N‐CTS coating gives the better effect, it is suggested that the CTS/N‐CTS coating can be used for control of browning and lignification of fresh‐cut Z. latifolia.Practical ApplicationsThe presented study showed that CTS/N‐CTS coating could inhibit browning‐ and lignification‐related enzyme activity, induce higher antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce lipid peroxidation of fresh‐cut Z. latifolia during storage at 1C. These results suggested that the CTS/N‐CTS coating could effectively inhibit browning and lignification in fresh‐cut Z. latifolia, which provides a theoretical basis for commercial application.
Effect of liquid meals with different volumes on gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Wu Keng‐Liang , Rayner Christopher K , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Chiu King‐Wah , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Chiu Cheng‐Tang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are often advised to avoid large meals, based on their complaints of increased symptoms after eating too much, and epidemiological evidence of a link between high volume intake and the presence of GERD. However, the precise effects of meal volume on gastroesophageal reflux have not been well studied. We aimed to clarify the effect of meal volume on acid regurgitation and symptoms in patients with GERD.MethodsFifteen patients (10 female, 5 male; mean 54 ± 10 years old) with GERD were studied twice each in random order, during 24 h ambulatory pH monitoring. On one day, they consumed a 600 mL liquid test meal three times (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), and on the other, they consumed a 300 mL test meal six times (breakfast, snack, lunch, snack, dinner, and snack). Gastric fundus and antral areas and antral contractions were measured by transabdominal ultrasound. Symptoms were recorded using questionnaires.ResultsDuring the 600 mL regimen, there were more reflux episodes (17 ± 4 vs 10 ± 2, P = 0.03) and a greater total acid reflux time (12.5 ± 5.9% vs 5.5 ± 3.6%; P = 0.045) than the 300 mL regimen. Both the cross‐sectional area of the gastric fundus (P = 0.024) and the number of antral contractions (P = 0.014) were greater for the 600 mL regimen.ConclusionsLarger meals are associated with distension of the gastric fundus and an increase in gastroesophageal reflux when compared with smaller, more frequent meals.
Subclinical ketosis in dairy cows: prevalence and risk factors in grazing production system
Authors: Garro C. J. , Mian L. , Cobos Roldán M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Subclinical ketosis (SCK) between 4 and 19 days in milk (DIM) in a grazing production system and investigate the importance of potential risk factors for SCK. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in dairy cows (n = 107), which had more of two parities. The concentration of β‐hydroxybutyric (BHB) in blood was quantified through a hand‐held meter. Potential risk factors evaluated were calving interval (CI), milk yield in previous lactation, metritis, dystocia, calf sex (male), parity (≤3 vs. ≥4) and pre‐partum body condition score (BCS ≤ 3.5 vs. ≥3.75). Prevalence of SCK was 10.3% (95% CI 4.7–15) between 4 and 19 DIM. Risk factors identified were the occurrence of both metritis and pre‐partum BCS ≥ 3.75. Cows with metritis had 4.9 (95% CI 1.17–20.98) times more risk of developing SCK than cows without metritis. And the cows with pre‐partum BCS ≥ 3.75 had 5.25 (95% CI 1.32–21.11) times more risk of developing SCK than cows with pre‐partum BCS ≤ 3.5. Metritis could induce a lower feed intake and promote the development of SCK. High pre‐partum BCS could induce a greater mobilization of body reserves altering liver function and aggravating post‐partum NEB. The results are indicative of the expected prevalence of SCK in grazing production system. Factors associated could help to identify cattle at risk of SCK and improve the management of strategies to limit the effects.
Transformative Lifestyle Change: key to sustainable weight loss among women in a post‐partum diet and exercise intervention
Authors: Bertz Fredrik , Sparud‐Lundin Carina , Winkvist Anna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe increase in overweight and obesity among women is a growing concern, and reproduction is associated with persistent weight gain. We have shown that dietary behavioural modification treatment, with or without exercise, results in weight loss and maintenance of weight loss. The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory model of how overweight and obese women achieve weight loss during, and after, participating in a post‐partum diet and/or exercise intervention. Using Grounded Theory, we performed and analysed 29 interviews with 21 women in a 12‐week Swedish post‐partum lifestyle intervention with a 9‐month follow‐up. Interviews were made after the intervention and at the 9‐month follow‐up. To overcome initial barriers to weight loss, the women needed a ‘Catalytic Interaction’ (CI) from the care provider. It depended on individualised, concrete, specific and useful information, and an emotional bond through joint commitment, trust and accountability. Weight loss was underpinned by gradual introduction of conventional health behaviours. However, the implementation depended on the experience of the core category process ‘Transformative Lifestyle Change’ (TLC). This developed through a transformative process of reciprocal changes in cognitions, emotions, body, environment, behaviours and perceived self. Women accomplishing the stages of the TLC process were successful in weight loss, in contrast to those who did not. The TLC process, dependent on initiation through CI, led to implementation and integration of recognised health behaviours, resulting in sustainable weight loss. The TLC model, including the CI construct and definition of barriers, facilitators and strategies provides an explanatory model of this process.