bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical expressions for the drain current of a nanotransistor in the off‐state regime
Authors: Krahlisch M. , Wulf U. , Kučera J. , Richter H. , Höntschel J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRecently, we have suggested a scale‐invariant numerical model for a planar nanotransistor based on a Fowler‐Nordheim‐type of formula. In this this model we introduce a set of approximations to obtain simple analytical expressions for the drain current in the off‐state regime. For this purpose the saddle point approximation is applied to the Fowler‐Nordheim integral. Furthermore, we are using the WKB‐expression for transmission coefficient and a series approximation for Fermi‐Dirac integrals by Mc Dougal and Stoner to evaluate the supply function. The resulting analytical formula is in qualitative agreement with the traces of an experimental transistor. It becomes quite simple for small gate voltages, i.e. in the deep off‐state regime. Systematic steps to improve our approximations towards a quantitative agreement are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of point defect injection from electrical deactivation of arsenic ultra‐shallow distributions formed by ultra‐low energy ion implantation and laser sub‐melt annealing
Authors: Demenev Evgeny , Meirer Florian , Essa Zahi , Giubertoni Damiano , Cristiano Fuccio , Pepponi Giancarlo , Gennaro Salvatore , Bersani Massimo , Foad Majeed A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe stability and the evolution of electrical properties of high concentration arsenic ultra‐shallow junctions in silicon have been studied with regard to their effect on the evolution of point defects. The activation of 2 keV 1 × 1015 cm‐2 As implants was performed using millisecond sub‐melt laser annealing at two different temperatures, 1100 and 1300 °C. The electrical deactivation upon subsequent thermal treatment at 700 °C was indirectly monitored through the diffusion of five 10 nm‐wide boron layers aimed to detect the injection of self‐interstitials coming from dopant clustering. Thermal treatments were repeated on samples implanted with Ge at condition similar to the As ones. The comparison helped to discriminate between interstitials coming from lattice damage evolution and dopant clustering. The results show the relevance of the laser annealing temperature in order to ensure junction stability in terms of active carrier concentration and junction depth. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser thermal anneal formation of atomically‐flat low‐resistive germanide contacts
Authors: Huet K. , Shayesteh M. , Toqué‐Tresonne I. , Negru R. , Daunt C. L. M. , Kelly N. , O'Connell D. , Yu R. , Djara V. , Carolan P. , Petkov N. , Duffy R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work, state‐of‐the‐art laser thermal annealing (LTA) is used to form germanide contacts on n‐doped Ge, and is compared to results generated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Surface topography, interface quality, crystal structure, and material stoichiometry are explored for both techniques. For electrical characterization, specific contact resistivities ϱc are extracted. It is shown that LTA can produce a uniform contact with a remarkably smooth substrate interface, with ϱc 2‐3 orders of magnitude lower than the equivalent RTA case. A ϱc of 2.84×10‐7 Ω.cm2 is achieved for optimized LTA parameters. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the coupled COSMO‐CLM/DCEP model with observations from BUBBLE
Authors: Schubert S. , Grossman‐Clarke S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe urban canopy scheme DCEP coupled with the mesoscale climate model COSMO‐CLM is evaluated extensively against data from the Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (BUBBLE) for the period 20 June 2002 to 10 July 2002. The urban canopy parameters required for this purpose are based on a 3D building dataset of the canton of Basel‐Stadt (Switzerland) and land‐use data for Basel and its surroundings. The simulated radiative and energy fluxes as well as near‐surface air temperatures and wind velocities are compared with the measurements. The results indicate a good online performance of the model system which is comparable with the oﬄine performance of other urban canopy schemes in terms of the fluxes. DCEP is able to simulate typical characteristics of the urban boundary layer, in contrast to the default bulk‐transfer scheme of COSMO‐CLM.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Silylated Hexaphenyl Carbodiphosphorane [Me3SiC(PPh3)2][CF3SO3]
Authors: Kuzu Istemi , Kneusels Nis‐Julian H. , Bauer Mona , Neumüller Bernhard , Tonner Ralf 
Published: December 2013

Abstract The addition of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate TMS‐OTf (CF3SO3 = OTf, triflate) to hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane PPh3=C=PPh3 (1) in toluene yields the silylated carbodiphosphorane [Me3SiC(PPh3)2][OTf] (2). Compound 2 represents the first silylated carbodiphosphorane characterized in solution and in the solid state. 2 is an air‐sensitive compound but stable in solution and in the solid state in an inert atmosphere as shown by heteronuclear NMR experiments and also by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the cell dimensions a = 1161.7(1), b = 1714.4(1), c = 1903.3(1) pm; β = 102.74(1)° and Z = 4. Structure, frontier orbitals, and dissociation energies for 2 were determined by density functional theory‐based computations highlighting the character of 2 as a Lewis acid adduct of a carbon(0) compound.
Surface Adsorption and Aggregation Properties of Novel l‐Lysine‐Based Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Liang Yaqin , Hu Zhiyong , Cao Duanlin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFour chiral l‐lysine‐based gemini surfactants with different spacers were synthesized, namely, disodium (18R,23R)‐12,20,21,29‐tetraoxo‐13,19,22,28‐tetraazatetracontane‐18,23‐dicarboxylate([C12‐2‐C12]Na2), disodium (18R,25R)‐12,20,23,31‐tetraoxo‐13,19,24,30‐tetraazadotetracontane‐18,25‐dicarboxylate([C12‐4‐C12]Na2), disodium(18R,27R)‐12,20,25,33‐tetraoxo‐13,19,26,32‐tetraazatetratetracontane‐18,27‐dicarboxylate([C12‐6‐C12]Na2), disodium(2R,2′R)‐ 2,2′‐(6‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(6‐dodecanamidohexanoate) ([C12‐T‐C12]Na2). The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, ESI–MS and IR spectra. Further, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these surfactants in aqueous solutions was determined by surface tension and conductometry methods at 25 °C. Moreover, the adsorption and micellization behaviors of these surfactants were estimated by pC20, the minimum average area per surfactant molecule (Amin), and standard free energy for micellization and adsorption ( and ). The results show that the four gemini surfactants have low CMC values and significantly low surface tension. Furthermore, the surfactants show strong adsorption at the air–water interface. The CMC and Amin values of the surfactants were found to be in the order of [C12‐2‐C12]Na2 < [C12‐4‐C12]Na2 < [C12‐6‐C12]Na2 < [C12‐T‐C12]Na2, which were in agreement with the sequence of and . The circular dichroism of the surfactants indicated the formation of chiral aggregates above the CMC values.
Dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in MICU1-knockdown cells
Authors: de la Fuente Sergio , Matesanz-Isabel Jessica , Fonteriz Rosalba I. , Montero Mayte , Alvarez Javier 
Published: December 2013

MICU1 (Ca2+ uptake protein 1, mitochondrial) is an important regulator of the MCU (Ca2+ uniporter protein, mitochondrial) that has been shown recently to act as a gatekeeper of the MCU at low [Ca2+]c (cytosolic [Ca2+]). In the present study we have investigated in detail the dynamics of MCU activity after shRNA-knockdown of MICU1 and we have found several new interesting properties. In MICU1-knockdown cells, the rate of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was largely increased at a low [Ca2+]c (&lt;2 μM), but it was decreased at a high [Ca2+]c (&gt;4 μM). In the 2–4 μM range a mixed behaviour was observed, where mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake started earlier in the MICU1-silenced cells, but at a lower rate than in the controls. The sensitivity of Ca2+ uptake to Ruthenium Red and Ru360 was similar at both high and low [Ca2+]c, indicating that the same Ca2+ pathway was operating in both cases. The increased Ca2+-uptake rate observed at a [Ca2+]c below 2 μM was transient and became inhibited during Ca2+ entry. Development of this inhibition was slow, requiring 5 min for completion, and was hardly reversible. Therefore MICU1 acts both as a MCU gatekeeper at low [Ca2+]c and as a cofactor necessary to reach the maximum Ca2+-uptake rate at high [Ca2+]c. Moreover, in the absence of MICU1, the MCU becomes sensitive to a slow-developing inhibition that requires prolonged increases in [Ca2+]c in the low micromolar range.
Improved first zone reach setting of artificial neural network‐based directional relay for protection of double circuit transmission lines
Authors: Yadav Anamika , Swetapadma Aleena 
Published: December 2013

This study proposes an artificial neural network‐based protection scheme for double circuit transmission line with improved first zone reach setting up to 99% of line length. The proposed scheme involves three stages. The first stage makes the discrimination among normal condition and faults. The second stage identifies the zone/section of the fault from the relay location. If a forward fault is detected in its first zone then the third stage is activated, which classifies the fault type and identifies the faulty phase. The three‐phase currents and voltages measured at only one end of the double circuit line are used to calculate discreet Fourier coefficients. Thus, this technique does not require any communication link. The algorithm is presented in detail and extensively tested using the simulink model of a 400 kV, 300 km distributed parameter line simulated in MATLAB® 2009a in the time domain. The simulation results show that all types of shunt faults (forward as well as reverse), its zone/section and faulty phase can be correctly identified within a half cycle time. This method is adaptive to the variation of fault type, fault inception angle, fault location, fault resistance, single circuit operation and CT saturation. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it offers primary protection to total line length using single end data only and back up protection for the adjacent forward and reverse line section also.
The Successful Recovery of Low Copy Number and Degraded DNA from Bones Exposed to Seawater Suitable for Generating a DNA STR Profile
Authors: Mameli Alessandro , Piras Gavino , Delogu Giovanni 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA universal method allowing for DNA profiling from bones exposed to seawater has not been reported yet. This study refers on the identification of a body immersed in seawater for 8 months. The biological material for identification was the mandibular body, usually characterized by low success rates of DNA analysis. Initially, two extraction protocols were performed with negative results: one used for bones immersed in fresh water and a silica‐column procedure. A third protocol was performed, which combined the extraction of a higher amount of bone powder, the use of multi‐silica‐based extraction columns followed by a concentration step. This protocol allowed to obtain low copy number DNA and to generate a 12‐loci STR profile by combining conventional STR typing and mini‐STR technologies. This protocol could be suitable when human bones have been exposed to severe environmental conditions, and the available nuclear DNA is highly degraded and in low copy number.
A Forensic and Medical Evaluation of Dog Bites in a Province ofWesternTurkey
Authors: Karbeyaz Kenan , Ayranci Unal 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the demographic data of dog‐bite cases organized from criminal and forensic reports. This study evaluated 328 cases admitted to theDirector ofForensicMedicine,Eskisehir, as a result of dog bites betweenJanuary 1, 2006 andDecember 31, 2010. It was found that those in the age‐group of 0–18 were most frequently exposed to dog bites (48.5%). Injuries to the lower extremity, upper extremity, and chest/abdomen/back were more frequent in men (72.6%, 76.4%, and 66.1%, respectively), while injuries to the head/neck/face were more frequent in women (52.3%) (p < 0.01). While most of those wounded in the upper extremity, the head/neck/face, and the chest/abdomen/back were in the child age‐group, most of those wounded in the lower extremity were in the adult age‐group (p < 0.001). Teaching children, in particular, how to behave around dogs would be useful in reducing the incidence of bite.
Phenolphthalein False‐Positive Reactions from Legume Root Nodules
Authors: Petersen Daniel , Kovacs Frank 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPresumptive tests for blood play a critical role in the examination of physical evidence and in the determination of subsequent analysis. The catalytic power of hemoglobin allows colorimetric reactions employing phenolphthalein (Kastle‐Meyer test) to indicate “whether” blood is present. Consequently, DNA profiles extracted from phenolphthalein‐positive stains are presumed to be from blood on the evidentiary item and can lead to the identification of “whose” blood is present. Crushed nodules from a variety of legumes yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactions that were indistinguishable from true bloodstains both in color quality and in developmental time frame. Clothing and other materials stained by nodules also yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactivity for several years after nodule exposure. Nodules from leguminous plants contain a protein (leghemoglobin) which is structurally and functionally similar to hemoglobin. Testing of purified leghemoglobin confirmed this protein as a source of phenolphthalein reactivity. A scenario is presented showing how the presence of leghemoglobin from nodule staining can mislead investigators.
Development of a Tetraplex PCR Assay for CYP2D6 Genotyping in Degraded DNA Samples
Authors: Riccardi Laura N. , Lanzellotto Rossana , Falconi Mirella , Ceccardi Stefania , Bini Carla , Pelotti Susi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCYP2D6 polymorphism analysis is gaining increasing interest in forensic pharmacogenetics. Nevertheless, DNA recovered from forensic samples could be of poor quality and not suitable for long polymerase chain reaction required to type CYP2D6 gene prior to SNaPshot minisequencing analysis performed to define alleles with different enzymatic activity. We developed and validated following the guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods a tetraplex PCR yielding four amplicons of 597, 803, 1142, and 1659 bp encompassing the entire CYP2D6 gene to analyze eleven SNP positions by SNaPshot minisequencing. Concordance, sensitivity, and specificity were assessed. The method, applied to thirty‐two forensic samples failed to amplify with long PCR, allowed the amplification of CYP2D6 gene in 62.5% of degraded samples. The new tetraplex PCR appears a suitable method for CYP2D6 analysis in forensic pharmacogenetics.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin‐6 Gene Polymorphisms and Endometriosis Risk in Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Yang , Wei Shixiu , Wu Hongbo , Liu Chengjun , Huang Qiaoying , Li Liuming , Hu Yanling 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA relationship between endometriosis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene polymorphisms has been raised for Asians. However, this topic is controversial. This study was a meta‐analysis to explore whether TNF‐α/IL‐6 gene polymorphisms were associated with a risk of endometriosis in Asians. By searching PubMed, HuGENet, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, 17 studies were identified and included (3372 cases and 4008 controls). The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association between TNF‐α/IL‐6 gene polymorphisms and endometriosis risk. An association of TNF‐α gene ‐1031T/C polymorphism with endometriosis was found (TT + TC vs. CC: OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.82, I2 = 37.1%, P = 0.20; TT vs. CC: OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.82, I2 = 43.0%, P = 0.173; TC vs. CC: OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.83, I2 = 10.6%, P = 0.327). In addition, TNF‐α‐238A/G and IL‐6 ‐174C/G gene polymorphisms were also likely to be associated with endometriosis in Asians. For the TNF‐α‐238A/G gene polymorphism, the OR was 1.577 (95% CI: 1.01–2.48). For the IL‐6 ‐174C/G gene polymorphism, the OR was 1.554 (95% CI: 1.04–2.31). No associations were detected between the TNF‐α‐308A/G and IL‐6 ‐634C/G polymorphisms and susceptibility to endometriosis. Our results indicate that the TNF‐α gene ‐1031T/C polymorphism can reduce the risk of endometriosis, but for Asians, TNF‐α‐238A/G and IL‐6 ‐174C/G gene polymorphisms may be a risk factor for endometriosis. No association was found for the TNF‐α‐308A/G and IL‐6 ‐634C/G gene polymorphisms.
An assessment of oropharyngeal airway position using a fibreoptic bronchoscope
Authors: Kim S. H. , Kim J. E. , Kim Y. H. , Kang B. C. , Heo S. B. , Kim C. K. , Park W. K. 
Published: December 2013

SummarySelecting the appropriate oropharyngeal airway for safe and effective airway management is important in clinical practice. In this prospective observational study, we examined the position of the distal end of oropharyngeal airways using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. We enrolled 149 adults (72 men and 77 women). The correct airway size was determined by inserting four adult sizes Guedel airway (Hudson RCI; Teleflex Medical, Research Triangle, Park, NC, USA) (sizes 8, 9, 10 and 11) sequentially in anaesthetised patients. The ‘best fit’ airway was size 10 in 45 (62%) men, and size 9 in 58 (75%) women. However, when these airways were inserted, the distal end of the airway either touched or passed beyond the epiglottis tip in 20 (27%) men and six (8%) women, respectively. When a size‐9 airway was inserted in men and a size‐8 airway inserted in women, the distal ends were obstructed by the tongue in three (2%) patients. In conclusion, a size‐9 airway in men and a size‐8 airway in women are the most acceptable sizes for adults of average height.
The novelss469415590variant predicts virological response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus type 1 infection
Authors: Covolo L. , Bibert S. , Donato F. , Bochud P.‐Y. , Lagging M. , Negro F. , Fattovich G. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundA novel dinucleotide variantTT/∆G (ss469415590) has been associated with hepatitis C virus clearance.AimTo assess the role of thess469415590variant, compared with the knownIL28Bpolymorphisms (rs8099917,rs12979860andrs12980275) for predicting virological response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C, and its association with theCXCL10 chemokine serum levels – a surrogate marker of interferon‐stimulated genes activation.MethodsMultivariate analysis of factors predicting rapid and sustained virological response in 280 consecutive, treatment‐naïve, nondiabetic, Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon alpha and ribavirin.ResultsIn hepatitis C virus genotype 1, theOR(95%CI) for rapid and sustained virological response for the wild‐typess469415590TTwas 9.88 (1.99–48.99) and 7.25 (1.91–27.51), respectively, similar to those found forrs12979860CC[9.55 (1.93–47.37) and 6.30 (1.71–23.13)] and forrs12980275AA[9.62 (1.94–47.77] and 7.83 (2.02–30.34)], but higher than forrs8099917TT[4.8 (1.73–13.33) and 4.75 (2.05–10.98)]. In hepatitis C virus genotype 1, mean (SD)CXCL10 levels in patients with theTT/TT,TT/∆G and ∆G/∆G variants were, respectively, 355.1 (240.6), 434.4 (247.4) and 569.9 (333.3) (P = 0.04). In patients with genotypes 2 and 3 no significant association was found forTT/∆G with viral response. The predictive value ofss469415590was stronger in patients with advanced fibrosis.ConclusionsThe novelIL28Bvariants at markerss469415590predict response toIFNalpha in chronic hepatitis C patients, especially in those with advanced fibrosis. Their determination may be superior to that of knownIL28Bvariants for patient management usingIFN‐based regimens.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: non‐invasive assessment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease – the role of transient elastography and plasma cytokeratin‐18 fragments
Authors: Kwok R. , Tse Y.‐K. , Wong G. L.‐H. , Ha Y. , Lee A. U. , Ngu M. C. , Chan H. L.‐Y. , Wong V. W.‐S. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 15–40% of the general population. Some patients have non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and progressive fibrosis, and would be candidates for monitoring and treatment.AimTo review current literature on the use of non‐invasive tests to assess the severity of NAFLD.MethodsSystematic literature searching identified studies evaluating non‐invasive tests of NASH and fibrosis using liver biopsy as the reference standard. Meta‐analysis was performed for areas with adequate number of publications.ResultsSerum tests and physical measurements like transient elastography (TE) have high negative predictive value (NPV) in excluding advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients. The NAFLD fibrosis score comprises of six routine clinical parameters and has been endorsed by current American guidelines as a screening test to exclude low‐risk individuals. The pooled sensitivities and specificities for TE to diagnose F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3 and F4 disease were 79% and 75%, 85% and 85%, and 92% and 92% respectively. Liver stiffness measurement often fails in obese patients, but the success rate can be improved with the use of the XL probe. A number of biomarkers have been developed for the diagnosis of NASH, but few were independently validated. Serum/plasma cytokeratin‐18 fragments have been most extensively evaluated and have a pooled sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 82% in diagnosing NASH.ConclusionsCurrent non‐invasive tests are accurate in excluding advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients, and may be used for initial assessment. Further development and evaluation of NASH biomarkers are needed.
Gonad morphology and reproductive cycle of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) in the baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Castilho‐Westphal Gisela G. , Magnani Francesco P. , Ostrensky Antonio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the gonadal histology and the reproductive cycle of Crassostrea brasiliana in the mangroves of Guaratuba Bay in southern Brazil. Adults were collected monthly from January 2010 to April 2011 from three sampling sites in intertidal oyster beds. The animals were evaluated using biometric and histological analyses of the gonads. The gonadal tissue samples were processed according to the standard histological procedures, and permanent slides were prepared using Harris' haematoxylin and eosin. The oysters were identified at the species level using a molecular protocol. Females (69%) predominated over males (26%), with 4% indeterminate and 1% hermaphroditic. Mature females were more prevalent in February, March and December 2010 and in March 2011. Mature males were more prevalent in February and April 2010 and in March 2011. The presence of hermaphroditic individuals was sporadic, and oysters in immature stages or sexual repose were observed in only a few collections between the months of May and October 2010. The reproduction of C. brasiliana in Guaratuba Bay occurs intermittently, but with greater intensity during the summer, with a larger number of females produced.