bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment, Natural Resources, and Environmental History
Authors: Damodaran Vinita , Mahanta Sourav Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter looks at laws relating to the environment and how these came to be formulated, resource challenges and conflicts facing states and communities, and the development of new regulatory frameworks in colonial India. It attempts to fill the gaps in the literature by focusing primarily on laws related to forests, water, mining, and fisheries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries covering a long time frame in the context of a broader environmental history of India.
Liability
Authors: Sharma Charu , Chaudhary Vishavjeet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the underpinning theoretical ideas that guide liability in Indian environmental law. It contextualises liability and its contours in the Indian landscape. The text focuses on liability from a criminal law perspective, as well as a civil law perspective. It lists and critically assesses the various pieces of legislation and their scope, including specific sections of relevance and landmark cases that have shaped the jurisprudence of liability. It also enumerates fundamental and common law principles and their corresponding provisions in criminal and civil liability, including in the law of torts. The authors also try to capture the recent shifts in jurisprudence and its impact on the future of liability under environmental law in the future.
Health and Environment
Authors: Sharan Awadhendra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter concerns the relationship between health and environment. Laws framed during the colonial period were of two kinds. Municipal management of the environment to ensure better health remained rather restrictive geographically and socially. The anti-smoke law, aimed at reducing respiratory harms, was somewhat more effective, but remained limited to large cities. Towards the middle of the twentieth century, the notion of public health expanded to include nutrition, poverty, housing and the state of physical environment. Health, however, only found a place in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Courts have occasionally taken recourse to this provision to rule on matters of public nuisance. Further, laws relating to water and air pollution and management of hazardous waste have been enacted. Poor implementation, however, has led to the Supreme Court to intervene, while including clean air, water and a healthy environment as essential components of the right to life.
Governing the Environment in the Fifth and Sixth Schedule Areas
Authors: Xaxa Virginius 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter engages with environmental governance in the Fifth and Sixth Schedule areas of the Constitution of India. At the outset, it spells out the broad features of the two schedules besides tracing their lineage in the Constitution. It then focuses on environmental governance under different historical regimes and delineates the key concerns of the people and the environment. Following this, the potential of environmental governance under regimes of contemporary times is discussed. The chapter then analyses the state of the environment in the two scheduled areas and puts forward a perspective for environmental governance based on experiences of the two areas.
Instability, crisis, and statecraft in Conservative Britain, 2010–24
Authors: Hayton Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines how the Conservative Party dominated British politics from 2010 to 2024 despite this period being one of instability and crisis. It argues that a key source of this turmoil was the Conservative Party itself, which under a succession of Prime Ministers struggled to formulate an effective statecraft strategy. While these leadership failings have been well documented the underlying difficulties run deeper, reflecting tensions for the self-proclaimed natural party of government in adapting its statecraft to the rise of populist and anti-politics pressures. The article exposes these through the lens of statecraft theory, which is applied to the largely overlooked constitutional dimension of Conservative statecraft. This reveals a persistent willingness to prioritize partisan statecraft strategy over adherence to constitutional norms, which portends a slide into populism now the party has returned to opposition.
The Crystallization of Continental Flood Basalt Lavas: Insights from Textural Studies
Authors: Monteiro Aristle , Mittal Tushar , Duraiswami Raymond , Self Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces are products of the largest known volumetric eruptions on Earth (~104 km3), with individual flow fields commonly covering well over 10 000 km2 with a mean lava thickness of over 5 m. Studies focusing on the emplacement style of such lava flows have relied extensively on morphological observations and comparisons with modern lava flows and experimental analogs. In the present study, we compare the textures of flood basalt lavas with those from different eruption settings all over the world using data collected from pre-existing literature to gain detailed insights into the style of eruption. Comparison of crystal size distribution data indicates that the eruption style of CFBs is similar to those of modern-day fissure eruptions (e.g. Iceland). This matches inferences based on observations of morphology. We also use a 1D thermal model to estimate the depth-dependent cooling rates within a single lava lobe and test the validity of assumptions built into the formulation of these models for large scale flood basalt lavas. The results reveal that, on average, flood basalt lavas need to conductively cool much faster than we would expect (up to order of ~102 times faster) to match the textural observations. The model is also frequently unable to replicate the observed depth-wise relative variations in length with depth for CFB lavas. Furthermore, the calculated cooling rates from crystal shapes also do not match those calculated from crystal lengths, indicating the assumptions in cooling flow models need to be modified for large CFB flow fields. Given the large areas of CFB flow fields and the relatively long eruption times inferred for the emplacement of individual flow fields, we hypothesize that inflation of lobes and formation of new lobes via breakouts combined with variable eruption rates are key processes that are missing when modeling the cooling of these flow fields. Accounting for these processes is essential to derive accurate cooling rates, which is important to better understand the environmental impact CFBs have at the time of emplacement.
Subclinical aortic inflammation in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Kaymakci Mahmut S , Berry Gerald J , Langenfeld Hannah E , Hanson Andrew C , Crowson Cynthia S , Bois Melanie C , Schaff Hartzell V , Sato Yuki , Le Kevin-Phu C , Koster Matthew J , Weyand Cornelia M , Warrington Kenneth J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the clinicopathologic features of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) who had thoracic aorta repair surgery. Findings were compared with those of a cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) requiring thoracic aorta repair.

Methods
All patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for thoracic aorta repair surgery between 2000–2021 were identified. All patients were screened for prior PMR diagnosis. Patients with PMR and no signs of GCA were categorized as clinically isolated PMR. The medical records of all patients were manually reviewed, and pathologists re-examined all the aortic tissues.

Results
Of the 4621 patients with at least one CPT code for thoracic aorta repair surgery, 43 patients were diagnosed with clinically isolated PMR before the surgery. Detailed histopathological examination of the aortic tissues revealed active inflammation in 30/43 (70%) patients after a median (IQR) of 10.0 (4.7–13.3) years from the PMR diagnosis. When compared with aortic tissue from patients with a prior diagnosis of GCA, the aorta of patients with PMR had more severe inflammation (Grade 3: 15/30 [50%] vs 5/34 [15%], P = 0.002). Patients with PMR and thoracic aorta repair may experience a 40% increased risk of mortality compared with the general population, but this did not reach statistical significance (standardized mortality ratio: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.91–2.07).

Conclusions
Some patients with PMR have subclinical aortic inflammation that is detectable many years after initial diagnosis and may contribute to the development of aortic aneurysm.
Adaptation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and water-use efficiency at shoot and canopy scales in adjacent stands of Dacrycarpus dacrydioides and Podocarpus totara
Authors: Bown Horacio E , Hunt John E , Barbour Margaret M , Rogers Graeme N D , Whitehead David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We tested an approach to estimate daily canopy net photosynthesis, A, based on estimates of transpiration, E, using measurements of sap flow and water-use efficiency, ω, by measuring δ13C in CO2 respired from shoots in the canopies of two conifers (Podocarpaceae) native to New Zealand. The trees were planted in adjacent 20-year-old stands with the same soil and environmental conditions. Leaf area index was lower for Dacrycarpus dacrydioides D.Don in Lamb (1.34 m2 m−2) than for Podocarpus totara G.Benn. ex D.Don var. totara (2.01 m2 m−2), but mean (± standard error) stem diameters were the same at 152 ± 21 mm for D. dacrydioides and 154 ± 25 mm for P. totara. Over a 28-day period, daily A (per unit ground area) ranged almost five-fold but there were no significant differences between species (mean 2.73 ± 1.02 gC m−2 day−1). This was attributable to higher daily values of E (2.63 ± 0.83 mm day−1) and lower ω (1.35 ± 0.53 gC kg H2O−1) for D. dacrydioides compared with lower E (1.82 ± 0.72 mm day−1) and higher ω (1.90 ± 0.77 gC kg H2O−1) for P. totara. We attributed this to higher nitrogen availability and nitrogen concentration per unit foliage area, Na, and greater exposure to irradiance in the D. dacrydioides canopy compared with P. totara. Our findings support earlier observations that D. dacrydioides is more adapted to sites with poor drainage. In contrast, the high retention of leaf area and maintaining low rates of transpiration by P. totara, resulting in higher water-use efficiency, is an adaptive response to survival in dry conditions. Our findings show that physiological adjustments for two species adapted to different environments led to similar canopy photosynthesis rates when the trees were grown in the same conditions. We demonstrated consistency between whole-tree and more intensive shoot-scale measurements, confirming that integrated approaches are appropriate for comparative estimates of carbon uptake in stands with different species.
Immediate Nipple Reconstruction in Skin-sparing Mastectomy with A Modified Wise-pattern Design
Authors: Stead Thor S. , Francalancia Stephanie , Laspro Matteo , Tanney Kelly , Larson Blair , Mitra Amitabha 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
This article discusses a novel approach to immediate nipple reconstruction during skin-sparing mastectomy with Wise-pattern design, a common procedure in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Traditionally, nipple reconstruction is performed as a second procedure, incurring additional costs and potential complications. This novel technique involves a simple modification to the Wise-pattern flap during the initial mastectomy, allowing for one-step reconstruction. The procedure includes preoperative markings of the Wise-pattern design, with a U-shaped flap added at the top angle to create the nipple position. This U-shaped flap, containing both skin and subcutaneous tissue, is then folded over itself and sutured, resulting in an inverted T-shaped incision with the reconstructed nipple at the apex. This article emphasizes the avoidance of a secondary operation for nipple reconstruction, avoiding additional costs and potential complications associated with flap loss, especially in postradiation patients. The technique was applied to five consecutive cases, with patient satisfaction reported as very high. Follow-up at 6 months showed no venous congestion or flap loss, and in patients without adjuvant radiation, the reconstructed nipple maintained almost all its initial postoperative height. Minor loss of nipple protrusion over time was comparable to traditional nipple reconstruction (eg, skate flap), and the construction of the new nipple required only an average of 10 extra minutes. Although larger-scale studies are needed for a comprehensive evaluation, the preliminary results suggest promising outcomes and encourage larger-scale safety and outcomes studies of this technique in Wise-pattern skin-sparing reconstructions.
Granular Cell Tumor Initially Masquerading as Cellulitis
Authors: Berger Ori , Arnon Ofer , Lomeli Bernardo A. , Ofek Nona , Talisman Ran 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
Granular cell tumor (GCT), a rare Schwann cell–derived lesion, typically manifests as a benign skin or soft tissue growth. We report a case of GCT mimicking cellulitis on a woman’s foot at first presentation. Despite initial misdiagnosis, histological examination confirmed GCT, guiding successful excision and reconstruction. Our case underscores the importance of considering granular cell tumors in atypical presentations and highlights the role of histological evaluation in accurate diagnosis and management.
Composite Anterolateral Thigh–Tensor Fascia Lata–Vastus Lateralis Flap with Synthetic Mesh Reconstruction for Giant Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Winaikosol Kengkart , Punchai Suriya 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
Dealing with a giant ventral hernia can be a complex situation because it involves a considerable loss of space within the body. Although various surgical techniques are available for treating this condition, the recurrence rate remains high, making it challenging. This article presents a surgical treatment for a giant ventral hernia using synthetic mesh and a composite anterolateral thigh–tensor fasciae latae–vastus lateralis free flap. The average size of the hernia ring was 375.83 cm2, and all procedures were successful with minimal complications. After a follow-up period of 28 months, there have been no reports of recurrence. The technique is an effective option for treating patients with giant ventral hernias, particularly in cases where the component separation technique is not feasible.
A Survey of ECT Anesthesia Practice Variation in Finland
Authors: Huoponen Saara H. , Sisa Katrin , Taittonen Markku , Saari Tom , Ahlmén-Laiho Ulla 
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study examines the extent of variation in anesthesia practices among Finnish neuromodulation units providing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and investigates recent changes within individual units.

Methods
An electronic survey was carried out among Finnish neuromodulation units exploring staff demographics, anesthesia practices (including agents and adjuvants), patient physiology monitoring, observed adverse effects, patient follow-up times, and recent anesthesia protocol changes.

Results
Finland has 26 neuromodulation units providing ECT, of which 18 (69%) responded to our study. The research uncovered significant differences in anesthesia practices, including induction agent choice, convulsion motor component monitoring, staff educational backgrounds, and reported adverse effects. Propofol was the most commonly used anesthetic in 14 units (78%). Three units (17%) reported using methohexital in 80%–100% of their patients, whereas in contrast, methohexital was not used at all in 10 units (56%). Electromyography seizure activity was quantitatively measured in 6 units (33%), whereas 10 units (56%) did not measure electromyography seizure activity at all. The remaining 2 units assessed seizure activity through visual observation. Headache requiring medication was the most commonly reported adverse effect, and it was reported as a frequent problem in 3 units (18%).

Conclusions
Based on the variation in anesthesia practices identified in the study, we suggest there may be benefits to developing a national guideline for standardizing treatment.
Biobased, Biodegradable but not bio-neutral: about the effects of polylactic acid nanoparticles on macrophages
Authors: Collin-Faure Véronique , Vitipon Marianne , Diemer Hélène , Cianférani Sarah , Darrouzet Elisabeth , Rabilloud Thierry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlastics are persistent pollutants, because of their slow degradation, which suggests that they may lead to cumulative and/or delayed adverse effects due to their progressive accumulation over time. Macroplastics produced by human activity are released in the environment, where they degrade into micro and nanoplastics that are very easily uptaken by a wide variety of organisms, including humans. Microplastics and nanoplastics being particulates, they are handled in the body by specialized cells such as macrophages (or their evolutionary counterparts), where they can elicit a variety of responses. One solution to alleviate the problems due to biopersistence, such as accumulation over life, would be to use biodegradable plastics. One of the emerging biodegradable plastics being polylactide, we decided to test the responses of macrophages to polylactide nanoparticles, using a combination of untargeted proteomics and targeted validation experiments. Proteomics showed important adaptive changes in the proteome in response to exposure to polylactide nanoparticles. These changes affected for example mitochondrial, cytoskeletal and lysosomal proteins, but also proteins implicated in immune functions or redox homeostasis. Validation experiments showed that many of these changes were homeostatic, with no induced oxidative stress and no gross perturbation of the mitochondrial function. However, polylactide particles altered the immune functions such as phagocytosis (−20%) or cytokine production (2-fold increase for TNF production), which may translate into a decreased ability to macrophages to respond to bacterial infections. Furthermore, polylactide particles also induced moderate cross-toxicity with some quinones such as phenanthrene quinone, a combustion by-product that is a suspected carcinogen.
Integration of MRI radiomics and germline genetics to predict the IDH mutation status of gliomas
Authors: Nakase Taishi , Francis Stephen S. , Guerra Geno , Zhao Qingyu , Kachuri Linda 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe molecular profiling of gliomas for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations currently relies on resected tumor samples, highlighting the need for non-invasive, preoperative biomarkers. We investigated the integration of glioma polygenic risk scores (PRS) and radiomic features for prediction ofIDHmutation status. The elastic net classifier used 256 radiomic features, a glioma PRS and demographic information in 159 glioma cases. The integration of glioma PRS with radiomics increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for distinguishing IDH-wildtype vs. IDH-mutant glioma from 0.824 to 0.890 (PΔAUC=0.0016). Incorporating age at diagnosis and sex further improved the classifier (AUC=0.920). Patients predicted to have IDH-mutant vs. IDH-wildtype tumors had significantly lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR)=0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.51, P=6.3×10-5), comparable to prognostic trajectories for biopsy-confirmedIDHstatus. The augmentation imaging-based classifiers with genetic risk profiles may help delineate molecular subtypes and improve the timely, non-invasive clinical assessment of glioma patients.
Cancer as a novel Risk Factor for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Secondary Prevention
Authors: Melchiori Renzo , Diaz Saravia Sara , Rubio Pablo , Szlaien Lucas , Mouriño Romina , O’Flaherty Martin , Rizzo Miguel , Hita Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe inflammatory mechanisms of cancer can be associated with atherosclerosis development and progression. Although there is an incidence rate of cardiovascular events in secondary prevention following a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsA retrospective study cohort study including patients who underwent a PCI for first Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and without prior history of Major Cardiovascular Events (MACE) from 2008 to 2022 was analyzed. Included patients were grouped according to the absence or presence of cancer: G1 non-oncologic, and G2 oncologic (either prior or actual history). We compared the incidence rate ratio of MACE within 3 years after STEMI between groups Time-to-event analysis was conducted through proportional Cox regression analysis, estimating hazard ratio, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)ResultsOut of 937 patients who underwent a PCI, 787 patients were included of which 88.7% (n=698) presented without cancer. Over a median follow-up time of 45 months [IQR= 14-72], the incidence rate of MACE was 4.4 cases per 1000 patients/months of follow-up (n=173 MACE events). When comparing both groups, the incidence rate ratio of MACE was 1.9 (95% CI 1.24-2.99), significantly increased in the cancer group (P=0.0032) without showing differences in median follow-up times. Cancer was an independent predictor of MACE HR 1.84 (95% CI 1.19-2.85; P=0.006), adjusted for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking history, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, age, male gender, and family history of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsPatients with cancer represent a novel independent risk factor for MACE, even following secondary preventive therapies. These results highlight future endpoints for cardiovascular prevention and further public health interventions on this population.
Proteomic evidence for amyloidogenic cross-seeding in fibrinaloid microclots
Authors: Kell Douglas B , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn classical amyloidoses, amyloid fibres form through the nucleation and accretion of protein monomers, with protofibrils and fibrils exhibiting a cross-β motif of parallel or antiparallel β-sheets oriented perpendicular to the fibre direction. These protofibrils and fibrils can intertwine to form mature amyloid fibres. Similar phenomena occur in blood from individuals with circulating inflammatory molecules (also those originating from viruses and bacteria). In the presence of inflammagens, pathological clotting can occur, that results in an anomalous amyloid form termed fibrinaloid microclots. Previous proteomic analyses of these microclots have shown the presence of non-fibrin(ogen) proteins, suggesting a more complex mechanism than simple entrapment. We provide evidence against a simple entrapment model, noting that clot pores are too large and centrifugation would have removed weakly bound proteins. Instead, we explore whether co-aggregation into amyloid fibres may involve axial (multiple proteins within the same fibril), lateral (single-protein fibrils contributing to a fibre), or both types of integration. Our analysis of proteomic data from fibrinaloid microclots in different diseases shows no significant overlap with the normal plasma proteome and no correlation between plasma protein abundance and presence in microclots. Notably, abundant plasma proteins like α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin, and transthyretin are absent from microclots, while less abundant proteins such as adiponectin, periostin, and von Willebrand Factor are well represented. Using bioinformatic tools including AmyloGram and AnuPP, we found that proteins entrapped in fibrinaloid microclots exhibit high amyloidogenic tendencies, suggesting their integration as cross-β elements into amyloid structures. This integration likely contributes to the microclots’ resistance to proteolysis. Our findings underscore the role of cross-seeding in fibrinaloid microclot formation and highlight the need for further investigation into their structural properties and implications in thrombotic and amyloid diseases. These insights provide a foundation for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting amyloidogenic cross-seeding in blood clotting disorders.