bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Carbonaceous Materials as Promising Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhu Yun‐Pei , Su Ming , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMetal‐free carbonaceous materials have attracted considerable interests as heterogeneous catalysts owing to their superior physiochemical properties over metal‐based catalysts, such as low cost, no pollution, chemical and thermal stabilities, as well as readily tailorable porous structure and surface chemistry. This review article provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in the field of metal‐free carbon catalysts, including graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbons, graphitic carbon nitrides, and related composites. Special focus is placed on their controllable preparation and applications in gas phase, liquid phase, electrochemical, and photocatalytic reactions, as well as defect and surface chemistry related catalytic activities of carbon materials. Some perspectives are highlighted on the development of more efficient metal‐free carbonaceous catalysts featuring high stability, low cost, optimized structures, and enhanced performance, which are the key factors to accelerate the designed preparation and commercialization of carbocatalysts.
Highly Active and Stable Bimetallic Nickel–Copper Core–Ceria Shell Catalyst for High‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Saw Eng Toon , Oemar Usman , Ang Ming Li , Hidajat Kus , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHighly dispersed bimetallic Ni‐Cu core encapsulated by a CeO2 shell catalyst has been synthesized by a combination of positive emulsion and the self‐assembly method. Several catalyst characterization techniques were implemented to investigate the core–shell structure and its unique properties. Field‐emission TEM, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2O chemisorption analyses showed that uniform bimetallic Ni‐Cu particles with an average size of 3.4 nm and narrow size distribution encapsulated by CeO2 shell with an average size of 4.3–5.4 nm were formed. 10 wt % bimetallic Ni‐Cu catalyst encapsulated by CeO2 exhibited high catalytic activity and stability at 500 °C in the high‐temperature water–gas shift reaction. This could owe to the contributing factors of a high level of metal–support interaction, small bimetallic Ni‐Cu particle size, and high surface lattice oxygen concentration enhancing the water–gas shift reaction. Moreover, strongly adsorbed CO and the presence of type I OH on the core–shell catalyst implied that these two active species could be the most important species in the formation of active intermediate species for the water–gas shift reaction, as evidenced by CO temperature‐programmed reduction–MS and in situ diffuse‐reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy.
Mesoporous Sulfonated Carbon Materials Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Duyckaerts Nicolas , Trotuş Ioan‐Teodor , Nese Valentina , Swertz Ann‐Christin , Auris Sebastian , Wiggers Hartmut , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA one‐step approach was developed for the production of mesoporous sulfonated carbon materials by means of an aerosol synthesis. Nebulizing a clear aqueous solution of sucrose and sulfuric acid through a heated oven leads to subsequent dehydration, carbonization and sulfonation of the carbohydrate structure, in less than two seconds residence time. Acid site concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mmol g−1 can be obtained. Porosity can easily be introduced via salt templating, and can be adjusted by varying the loading and type of salt used. The highest surface area was obtained with Li2SO4, giving a BET surface area of 506 m2 g−1 and a mesopore size distribution between 2 and 8 nm. Fructose dehydration and inulin hydrolysis showed that the porous materials synthesized by salt templating are more active than the bulk ones, especially for inulin hydrolysis, for which the initial activity is enhanced by a factor of seven, making these materials competitive with the most active commercial resins.
Selective Targeting of the KRAS Codon 12 Mutation Sequence by Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamide seco‐CBI Conjugates
Authors: Taylor Rhys D. , Chandran Anandhakumar , Kashiwazaki Gengo , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Nagase Hiroki , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMutation of KRAS is a key step in many cancers. Mutations occur most frequently at codon 12, but the targeting of KRAS is notoriously difficult. We recently demonstrated selective reduction in the volume of tumors harboring the KRAS codon 12 mutation in a mouse model by using an alkylating hairpin N‐methylpyrrole–N‐methylimidazole polyamide seco‐1,2,9,9a‐tetrahydrocyclopropa[1,2‐c]benz[1,2‐e]indol‐4‐one conjugate (conjugate 4) designed to target the KRAS codon 12 mutation sequence. Herein, we have compared the alkylating activity of 4 against three other conjugates that were also designed to target the KRAS codon 12 mutation sequence. Conjugate 4 displayed greater affinity for the G12D mutation sequence than for the G12V sequence. A computer‐minimized model suggested that conjugate 4 could bind more efficiently to the G12D match sequence than to a one‐base‐pair mismatch sequence. Conjugate 4 was modified for next‐generation sequencing. Bind‐n‐Seq analysis supported the evidence showing that conjugate 4 could target the G12D mutation sequence with exceptionally high affinity and the G12V mutation sequence with much higher affinity than that for the wild‐type sequence.
Single‐Scan Multidimensional NMR Analysis of Mixtures at Sub‐Millimolar Concentrations by using SABRE Hyperpolarization
Authors: Daniele Valeria , Legrand François‐Xavier , Berthault Patrick , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas , Huber Gaspard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSignal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a promising method to increase the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. However, SABRE‐enhanced 1H NMR signals are short lived, and SABRE is often used to record 1D NMR spectra only. When the sample of interest is a complex mixture, this results in severe overlaps for 1H spectra. In addition, the use of a co‐substrate, whose signals may obscure the 1H spectra, is currently the most efficient way to lower the detection limit of SABRE experiments. Here, we describe an approach to obtain clean, SABRE‐hyperpolarized 2D 1H NMR spectra of mixtures of small molecules at sub‐millimolar concentrations in a single scan. The method relies on the use of para‐hydrogen together with a deuterated co‐substrate for hyperpolarization and ultrafast 2D NMR for acquisition. It is applicable to all substrates that can be polarized with SABRE.
Hierarchically Macro‐/Mesoporous Polymer Foam as an Enhanced and Recyclable Catalyst System for the Sustainable Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Renewable Carbohydrates
Authors: Zhang Yunlei , Chen Yao , Shen Yating , Yan Yongsheng , Pan Jianming , Shi Weidong , Yu Longbao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRenewable and abundant carbohydrates are being strongly focused upon as a green and sustainable alternative for the production of valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this study, we chemically integrated acid–base bifunctionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs‐SO3H‐NH2) and a macroporous polymer foam poly(HIPE) (PH) matrix that is derived from water‐in‐oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating. After the subsequent sulfonation process, a SPHs@MSNs‐SO3H‐NH2 catalyst with a hierarchical porous structure and bifunctional sites was prepared and used for the highly efficient synthesis of top value‐added 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from renewable cellulose in an ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [EMIM]Cl) based system. Evaluation of the catalytic activity revealed that the designed macropores were favorable for ready mass transfer, whereas the high surface area for active‐site anchoring provided by the mesoporous structure was beneficial in enhancing the catalyst performance. A theoretical study also suggested that acidic and basic active sites synergistically work for the transformation reaction. Under the optimized conditions, a remarkably high HMF yield (44.5 %) was obtained efficiently. Furthermore, the as‐prepared catalyst was recycled in four consecutive cycles with a total loss of only 4.9 % activity.
Ubiquilin2 as a novel marker for detection of urothelial carcinoma cells in urine
Authors: Shimada Keiji , Fujii Tomomi , Tatsumi Yoshihiro , Anai Satoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Konishi Noboru 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundUbiquilin 2 (UBQLN2), an ubiquitin‐related protein, is strongly expressed in urothelial carcinoma cells, in contrast to no or less expression in non‐neoplastic cells; it protects cancer cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether UBQLN2 immunostaining, using liquid‐based cytology sample could improve the accuracy of cytological urine diagnosis.MethodsTwo‐hundred and forty‐five urinary samples, including 143 negative controls and 102 urothelial carcinomas, consisting of 42 low‐grade and 60 high‐grade urothelial carcinomas, were used for immunocytochemical analysis of UBQLN2.ResultsUrothelial carcinoma cells were positive for UBQLN2‐staining, while non‐neoplastic cells, including renal tubular cells and degenerative atypical cells, were negative. Interestingly, percentage of nuclear stain immunopositive for UBQLN2 was significantly higher in carcinoma cells with high grade/invasive phenotype than in those with low grade/noninvasive phenotype. UBQLN2 immunostaining had an overall sensitivity of 87.6%, specificity of 98.6%, positive predictive value of 97.8% and negative predictive value of 92.8% for the detection of urothelial carcinoma.ConclusionsUBQLN2 immunostaining is a practical test for urine cytology, even in samples with few cells, with slight atypia or severe degenerative changes. In addition, it allows prediction of tumor grade and stage by examining the cellular localization of UBQLN2. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:3–9. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphologic findings of malignant mesothelioma in FNA biopsies and touch preps of core biopsies
Authors: Paintal Ajit , Raparia Kirtee , Nayar Ritu 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundGiven the lack of recent literature regarding the aspiration cytology of immunohistochemically confirmed malignant mesothelioma (MM), we were interested in reviewing the experience of our institution and establishing useful morphologic criteria.MethodsSeventeen aspiration and touch preparation specimens with a diagnosis of MM obtained between 2002‐2013 were reviewed along with 20 cases of adenocarcinoma and 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The utility of a number of morphologic features was evaluated.ResultsIn most cases of MM, a consistent pattern emerged. Aspirates and touch preps were cellular with irregularly shaped 2 and 3 dimensional clusters. The individual cells were predominantly angulated and had dense cytoplasm with eccentric nuclei. In every case, a minority of tumor cells contained prominent microvacuoles. The chromatin pattern tended to be fine with small nucleoli. While most cases were cytologically monotonous, five cases displayed striking pleomorphism and three cases contained occasional large atypical cells. Two cases contained metachromatic background material. Features which were most useful in discriminating MM from adenocarcinoma were angulated cell shape(P = 0.0002), dense cytoplasm(P = 0.0001), and cytoplasmic microvacuoles(P = 0.0001). In our material, cases of squamous cell carcinoma were often difficult to distinguish from MM. Useful discriminatory features present in squamous cell carcinoma included ink dot nuclei(P = 0.0003), a “dirty” cystic, necrotic background (P = 0.0027) and tumor balls with peripheral spindling(P = 0.0041).ConclusionMost cases of MM have a consistent appearance in core biopsy touch preps and FNAs. Distinguishing MM from adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma can be facilitated by evaluating a few key morphologic features. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:14–19. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration of Aging‐Dependent MicroRNAs in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Nho Richard Seonghun 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most severe fibrotic lung disease and characterized by the accumulation of (myo)fibroblasts and collagen within the alveolar wall resulting in obliteration of the gas‐exchange surface. Although the detailed pathogenesis is not understood, recent studies have found that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progression of lung diseases including IPF. IPF is a fibrotic disease and, most frequently found in an aged population. In this review, the functional roles of miRNAs that are deregulated in IPF progression are discussed together with how aging affects the miRNA signature, altering the fibroblast phenotype and promoting lung fibrosis. Finally, the possibility of targeting miRNAs as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of IPF is discussed. Drug Dev Res 76 : 343–353, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anchoring of Diphenylphosphinyl Groups to NH2‐MIL‐53 by Post‐Synthetic Modification
Authors: Castellanos Sonia , Sai Sankar Gupta Karthick Babu , Pustovarenko Alexey , Dikhtiarenko Alla , Nasalevich Maxim , Atienzar Pedro , García Hermenegildo , Gascon Jorge , Kapteijn Freek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIncorporation of new functionalities into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by post‐synthetic modification is a most attractive strategy for attaining the desired properties without risking destruction of the crystalline structure chosen for the aimed application. In this work the amine group in NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) was used as anchoring point for the diphenylphosphinyl (Ph2PO–) moiety. The success of the derivatization was confirmed by 31P MAS NMR and DRIFT spectroscopic studies. A newly synthesized reference linker bearing the same phosphinic amide functional group was used to assist in the MOF characterization. The introduction of the bulky diphenylphosphinyl group stabilizes the large‐pore form of the MOF and leads to changes in the optical properties as a consequence of the electronic influence of the PO group. The approach described here is relevant for the preparation of novel phosphorus‐containing MOFs.
Pincer‐Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Sulfamates with Arylzinc Chlorides
Authors: Tao Jian‐Long , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe nickel N,N,N‐pincer complex 2 was demonstrated to effectively catalyze the cross‐coupling of aryl sulfamates with arylzinc chlorides under mild conditions. The reaction is suitable for a wide range of substrates, and tolerates various functional groups.
Mother's but not father's education predicts general fluid intelligence in emerging adulthood: Behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence
Authors: Kong Feng , Chen Zhencai , Xue Song , Wang Xu , Liu Jia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLower parental education impairs cognitive abilities of their offspring such as general fluid intelligence dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but the independent contribution of mother's and father's education is unknown. We used an individual difference approach to test whether mother's and father's education independently affected general fluid intelligence in emerging adulthood at both the behavioral and neural level. Behaviorally, mother's but not father's education accounted for unique variance in general fluid intelligence in emerging adulthood (assessed by the Raven's advanced progressive matrices). Neurally, the whole‐brain correlation analysis revealed that the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the medial PFC was related to both mother's education and general fluid intelligence but not father's education. Furthermore, after controlling for mother's education, the association between general fluid intelligence and the rGMV in medial PFC was no longer significant, indicating that mother's education plays an important role in influencing the structure of the medial PFC associated with general fluid intelligence. Taken together, our study provides the first behavioral and neural evidence that mother's education is a more important determinant of general cognitive ability in emerging adulthood than father's education. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4582–4591, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thiol‐Functionalized IGEPAL® Surfactants as Novel Fluorescent Ligands for the Silica Coating of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Gavilán‐Rubio Helena , Coelho João Paulo , González‐Rubio Guillermo , Tardajos Gloria , Barcina José Osío , Salgado Castor , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA synthesized thiol‐functionalized non‐ionic surfactant based on the IGEPAL® (polyoxyethylene(5) nonyl phenyl ether) structure, has been used to replace citrate ions from the surface of gold nanoparticles with 13.5 nm diameters. Upon IGEPAL®‐type stabilization in water, the nanoparticles were transferred to ethanol, where a layer of silica was efficiently grown on the nanocrystal surface through the conventional Stöber approach. This method allows fine control over the silica thickness, showing uniform and homogeneous core‐shell nanoparticles. Additionally, the luminescent properties of the IGEPAL® surfactant allow the versatile preparation of robust fluorescent nanoparticles with multiplexing potential as simultaneous plasmonic and fluorescence probes.
The effect of fretting associated periodic cathodic potential shifts on the electrochemistry andin vitrobiocompatibility of commercially pure titanium
Authors: Ciolko Alexandra A. , Tobias Menachem , Ehrensberger Mark T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study explored how periodic cathodic polarization of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) alters its electrochemical properties and biocompatibility. MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast cells were cultured directly on cpTi samples and maintained at open circuit potential (OCP) for 24 h followed by an additional 24‐h sequence of periodic cathodic polarization to −1000 or −750 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 1 s followed by a 5‐s recovery at OCP. Control experiments were performed where the samples were maintained at OCP throughout the entire test. Subsequent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed both of the periodic cathodic polarization conditions significantly reduced the polarization resistance (Rp), while only the −1000 mV condition significantly increased the capacitance (C) as compared to the controls. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the cells were fragmented and balled up on the samples periodically shifted to −1000 mV as compared to the cells that were well spread on the controls and samples periodically shifted to −750 mV. Additionally, live/dead fluorescence microscopy revealed that periodic polarizations to −1000 mV reduced cell viability to around 12% as compared to the greater than 95% cell viability observed on the controls and samples periodically polarized to −750 mV. This work showed that periodic cathodic potential shifts can notably alter the electrochemical behavior of cpTi and the viability and morphology of cells seeded directly onto its surface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1591–1601, 2016.
Lipid Rafts Disruption Increases Ochratoxin A Cytotoxicity to Hepatocytes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Qi Xiaozhe , Zheng Juanjuan , Luo Yunbo , Zhao Changhui , Hao Junran , Li Xiaohong , Huang Kunlun , Xu Wentao 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTLipid rafts are microdomains in plasma membrane and can mediate cytotoxicity. In this study, the role of lipid rafts in ochratoxin A‐induced toxicity was investigated using Hepatoblastoma Cell Line HepG‐2 cells. Disruption of cholesterol‐containing lipid rafts enhanced Ochratoxin A (OTA) toxicity, as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, increased reactive oxygen species level and reduction of superoxide dismutase activity in a time‐dependent manner. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation‐based proteomics of the cell membranes showed that nearly 85.5% proteins were downregulated by OTA, indicating that OTA inhibited the membrane protein synthesis. Most of altered proteins were involved in Gene Ontology “transport”, “cell adhesion” and “vesicle‐mediated transport”. In conclusion, lipid rafts play a key role in OTA‐induced cytotoxicity. This study provides insight into how OTA toxicity is regulated by the plasma membrane, especially the lipid rafts.
Determination of HLA‐G Expression and Evaluation of Its Role as a Prognostic Factor in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ozet Gulsum , Falay Mesude , Dagdas Simten , Ceran Funda 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundIn recent years, the clinical and biological features governing the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been most extensively studied. Human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) allows tumor cells to escape from the antitumor effect of the immune system. Recent studies have shown that various tumor cells show an increased HLA‐G expression. Data regarding HLA‐G expression in CLL are limited and controversial. The aim of this work is to evaluate flow cytometry study of HLA‐G expression on cell surface and assess its relationship with other prognostic factors (CD38, ZAP70, beta 2 microglobulin [β2MG]) in patients with CLL.Design and methodsForty‐five newly diagnosed CLL cases. White blood cell count, lymphocyte absolute count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, and serum β2MG level were studied at admission. In each patient, morphologic diagnosis of B‐CLL was confirmed by flow cytometry HLA‐G, CD38 and ZAP70 expression levels were measured with four‐color flow cytometry.ResultsHLA‐G positivity ranged between 1% and 12% in CLL patients. A significant correlation was found with CD38, ZAP70, disease stage, and β2MG (P < 0.001). The off‐treatment follow‐up period was longer in the HLA‐G negative group (P < 0.022).ConclusionsIn conclusion, we suggest that, in addition to other prognostic factors, surface HLA‐G expression can be considered as an independent prognostic factor. However, our work should be confirmed by further prospective studies, a longer off‐treatment follow‐up period, and a standardized method.
Two‐sided Group Digraphs and Graphs
Authors: Iradmusa Moharram N. , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe study a family of digraphs (directed graphs) that generalises the class of Cayley digraphs. For nonempty subsets of a group G, we define the two‐sided group digraph to have vertex set G, and an arc from x to y if and only if for some and . In common with Cayley graphs and digraphs, two‐sided group digraphs may be useful to model networks as the same routing and communication scheme can be implemented at each vertex. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions on L and R under which may be viewed as a simple graph of valency , and we call such graphs two‐sided group graphs. We also give sufficient conditions for two‐sided group digraphs to be connected, vertex‐transitive, or Cayley graphs. Several open problems are posed. Many examples are given, including one on 12 vertices with connected components of sizes 4 and 8.
The Same Upper Bound for Both: The 2‐page and the Rectilinear Crossing Numbers of the n‐Cube
Authors: Faria Luerbio , de Figueiredo Celina M. H. , Richter R. Bruce , Vrt'o Imrich 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present two main results: a 2‐page and a rectilinear drawing of the n‐dimensional cube . Both drawings have the same number of crossings, even though they are given by different constructions. The first improves the current best general 2‐page drawing, while the second is the first nontrivial rectilinear drawing of .