bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Zone Shut-off by Wireline in Offshore Open- Hole Gravel Pack Completions
Authors: Lee Kean-Seng , Lima Jairo Da Costa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
ExxonMobil has successfully executed two wireline through tubing Gas Shut-Off (GSO) workovers in high angle Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) completions to isolate High Gas Oil Ratio (HGOR) zones that resulted in cost effective significant oil production increases. This paper summarizes the opportunity identification and production logging results, Gas Shut-Off concept, wellwork planning and execution, and production results.
The GSO workovers were on a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in a deep water offshore field. Isolation of HGOR zones was achieved by installing a wireline deployed stackable straddle system across the heel of the OHGP interval. Both wells have OHGP completions for sand control but without External Casing Packers (ECP) to prevent flow through the gravel pack interval.
Modeling of an isolation straddle's effect on in-flow from the reservoir through the completion was performed. Results suggested that internal isolation could provide effective GSO without ECPs. Optimal straddle length was determined to minimize production from the HGOR zone while promoting production from low GOR zones. Surface tests were conducted for installation and retrieval of the completion equipment as well as integration and function of tools and equipment from multiple service companies. First well operation included the first use of coil tubing by ExxonMobil on a TLP for a workover to mill a downhole completion restriction.
Both wells went from being cycled to continuous and lower GOR production after the interventions. The first well produced 5,000 BOPD at 6,000 scf/B GOR during the cycling period and production increased to 10,000 BOPD at 1000 scf/B GOR after GSO. The second well produced 6,000 BOPD at 6,000 scf/B GOR during cycling and 10,000 BOPD at 500 scf/B GOR after GSO.
pH Measurement for Low Soluble Salts Monitoring in Monoethylene Glycol(MEG) Regeneration System
Authors: Jeon Yooil , Park Suyoul , Seo Yutaek , Ko Minsu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
MEG (Monoethylene Glycol) is usually used as a gas hydrate inhibitor, and it is essential to regenerate and re-inject this into well because great amount of MEG is consumed to control the gas hydrate problems. MEG is recovered as rich MEG from the topside. Rich MEG is a water solution, which is about 50 wt% of MEG with rich water. This is regenerated as lean MEG through MEG regeneration process. Lean MEG is high concentration of MEG.
In the production of subsea oil and gas, formation water is also produced. Formation water contains salts1. This causes problem in MEG regeneration process. If problem arises, the whole process is stopped2. And it can result in tremendous loss. It is important to know the salts equilibrium under MEG regeneration conditions in order to prevent problems related to deposition and scale precipitation.
That is, MEG regeneration process is to separate water and salts from the mixed solution, which is composed of MEG, water, and salts. Using the difference in vapor pressure to separate water is called re-concentration and to separate salts is called reclamation process.
As it shows from figure 1 and figure 2, density of MEG solution increases along with increase of NaCl and MEG concentration. NaCl concentration was calculated from the conductivity. If MEG effect and salts effect are separated, assumption of MEG concentration is possible inversely. Sandengen introduced this method in his paper3.
But there is a limit to monitor the MEG system with only these results. Ions which are included within the formation water are Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Barium (Ba2+), Strontium (Sr2+), Iron (Fe2+), Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Alkalinity as HCO3-, and Bromide (Br-) etc.1. Salts can be separated into low soluble salts and high soluble salts. High soluble salts are dissolved in water well like NaCl and KCl. Low soluble salts cannot be dissolved in water well like CaCO3 and MgSO44.
There are two methods in MEG regeneration. One is the full stream concept, and the other is slip stream concept5. Many studies were conducted to explain this process. In the full stream concept, high soluble salts and low soluble salts are not sorted. The reclamation process flashes the feed solution. In the slip stream concept, water is separated in the re-concentration process first, and then from part of it, high soluble salts are removed using flash. Core of this concept is to tolerate some of high soluble salts. On the other hand, since low soluble salts are at high risk of scale problems, it is removed in the pre-treatment process beforehand. Enough studies on low soluble salts need to be conducted. Only measurements of density and conductivity are not enough, and they have limits.
Pressure Buildup or Falloff Test Analysis for a Well in Commingled Reservoirs with Flow Rate Profile Logging
Authors: Lin Jia En 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Description of layered reservoirs is important from a reservoir evaluation and management standpoint because layering affects primary and secondary oil recovery and large variations in permeability-thickness product or skin in different layers have great influence on well performance and production. Commingled reservoirs, where each layer has the same initial pressure without crossflow and layers may have distinct values for thickness, permeability, porosity, fracture half length and skin factor, have been investigated by many authors. Most of research work in multilayered well test analysis focus on estimating individual layer permeabilities, skin factors, fracture half length and formation pressures from well test data. But previous research work indicated that conventional buildup and drawdown(or falloff and injection) testing for wells in commingled reservoirs is only used for determining average reservoir parameters and could not be used for determining individual layer parameters in the absence of the use of the entire history of wellbore pressure and layer production.
This paper presents new testing and analysis techniques without using entire history of wellbore pressure and layer production to obtain individual layer permeabilities, skin factors, racture half length and formation pressures for a well in commingled reservoirs by using stabile flow rate data from flow profile tests acquired with production logging tools at the top of each layer before shutting-in the well and conventional pressure buildup or falloff data from the well. Before making any multilayer analysis, conventional well test analysis or type-curve analysis using log-log and derivative methods should be performed to estimate average permeability, ,fracture half length and skin factors of the total system. It can then be used as initial input values for simultaneous interpretation using an analytical model combined with nonlinear least squares estimation and type curves to estimate individual-layer permeabilities, skin factors, fracture half length and reservoir pressures. But If we use entire history of wellbore pressure and layer production, we can reduce the multiple solutions, to enhance the reliability of interpretation results.
Worshiping in Public: Theological Justice and the Res Publica in City of God 19
Authors: Morgan Brandon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: In this article I trace an interpretation of City of God, book 19, that acknowledges the intrinsic relationship between Augustine's account of justice and worship within his critique of the Roman commonwealth. This interpretation of book 19 suggests that justice, defined theologically by Augustine, remains a necessary criterion for the existence of a truly public social community, which in turn limits the possibility of constructing an Augustinian politics divorced from the theological forms of critique that his account entails. The arguments of book 19 remain consistent with Augustine's overall attempt in the City of God to claim that the proper worship of the heavenly city (in which Israel and the Church are in direct lineage) mediates the only sufficient curative to the pursuits of glory and domination instantiated by the idolatries of the earthly city. This account more adequately acknowledges Augustine's theological commitments as the animators of his remarks about political entities while also questioning the sufficiency of any “political Augustinianism” that does not include the overall theological critique of City of God as among its primary purposes.
Maximizing Animal Theology: Maximus the Confessor on the Value of Non-Human Animals and the Human Calling
Authors: Hiuser Kris 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article adds to the growing body of work regarding the place of animals within Christian doctrine through engaging with the theological writings of Maximus the Confessor. In this article I shall do two things. First I shall argue that the theology of Maximus makes three claims that have significant bearing on how we can understand non-human animals: (1) all creatures made by God have an inherent worth and value based on God's creative and providential acts, as well as Maximus's logoi theology, (2) these same creatures are included in God's redemptive concerns, as shown by their presence within the shared goal of deification for all creation, and (3) humans have a unique calling in helping to achieve such redemption and this sanctifying role constitutes a necessary part of what it means to be human. Second, on the basis of these ideas I shall then demonstrate how such ideas create direct implications for how Christians might respond to intensive industrial farming of non-human animals, an institution that will be shown to be at great odds with the human calling toward sanctifying creation. Given such a state, the presence of factory farming is an institution that the theology of Maximus suggests is highly problematic and stands in need of serious ethical reflection.
Faith Matters: Towards a Public Missiology in the Midst of the Ecological Crisis
Authors: Fensham Charles 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: The article examines public missiology in the light of the ecological crisis by situating public missiology in the larger context of public theology. It responds to the challenge of finding ways for Christian communities to act in the light of climate change. It notes developments in public theology, as well as the rise and dominance of a consumer capitalist economic story that frustrates action for the integrity of God's creation. It identifies public missiology with a locus in public theology. It distinguishes public missiology as the discipline that involves the church in active engagement. Drawing on the seminal thought of David Bosch and the work of Gregory Leffel in public Christian activism, the article argues for five dimensions in public missiology, which are inextricably intertwined. They include a public disposition of ongoing repentance, a humble and prayerful engagement within Christian community, an active engagement with the ecological crisis in the world (evangelism in community), a public telling of the story of the meaning of God's creation (proclamation), and a call to turn toward action for the integrity of creation (conversion). Out of the interplay of these dimensions, through theological reflection and careful consideration of critical social theory, a new public missiological story is to be woven that can capture the imagination of people, both of faith and no faith, to action for a healed creation.
A situational analysis of training for behaviour change counselling for primary care providers, South Africa
Authors: Malan Zelra , Mash Bob , Everett-Murphy Katherine 
Published: March 2015

Background: Non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors (smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet) are a major contributor to primary care morbidity and the burden of disease. The need for healthcare-provider training in evidence-based lifestyle interventions has been acknowledged by the National Department of Health. However, local studies suggest that counselling on lifestyle modification from healthcare providers is inadequate and this may, in part, be attributable to a lack of training.Aim: This study aimed to assess the current training courses for primary healthcare providers in the Western Cape.Setting: Stellenbosch University and University of Cape Town.Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with six key informants (trainers of primary care nurses and registrars in family medicine) and two focus groups (nine nurses and eight doctors) from both Stellenbosch University and the University of Cape Town.Results: Trainers lack confidence in the effectiveness of behaviour change counselling and in current approaches to training. Current training is limited by time constraints and is not integrated throughout the curriculum – there is a focus on theory rather than modelling and practice, as well as a lack of both formative and summative assessment. Implementation of training is limited by a lack of patient education materials, poor continuity of care and record keeping, conflicting lifestyle messages and an unsupportive organisational culture.Conclusion: Revising the approach to current training is necessary in order to improve primary care providers’ behaviour change counselling skills. Primary care facilities need to create a more conducive environment that is supportive of behaviour change counselling.
Implementation of an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) System in a General Medicine Clinic
Authors: Deamant C. , Smith J. , Garcia D. , Angulo F. , Trick W.E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackground: Routine implementation of instruments to capture patient-reported outcomes could guide clinical practice and facilitate health services research. Audio interviews facilitate self-interviews across literacy levels.Objectives: To evaluate time burden for patients, and factors associated with response times for an audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) system integrated into the clinical workflow.Methods: We developed an ACASI system, integrated with a research data warehouse. Instruments for symptom burden, self-reported health, depression screening, tobacco use, and patient satisfaction were administered through touch-screen monitors in the general medicine clinic at the Cook County Health & Hospitals System during April 8, 2011-July 27, 2012. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the mean time burden per item and for each module of instruments; we evaluated factors associated with longer response latency.Results: Among 1,670 interviews, the mean per-question response time was 18.4 [SD, 6.1] seconds. By multivariable analysis, age was most strongly associated with prolonged response time and increased per decade compared to < 50 years as follows (additional seconds per question; 95% CI): 50–59 years (1.4; 0.7 to 2.1 seconds); 60–69 (3.4; 2.6 to 4.1); 70–79 (5.1; 4.0 to 6.1); and 80–89 (5.5; 4.1 to 7.0). Response times also were longer for Spanish language (3.9; 2.9 to 4.9); no home computer use (3.3; 2.8 to 3.9); and, low mental self-reported health (0.6; 0.0 to 1.1). However, most interviews were completed within 10 minutes.Conclusions: An ACASI software system can be included in a patient visit and adds minimal time burden. The burden was greatest for older patients, interviews in Spanish, and for those with less computer exposure. A patient’s self-reported health had minimal impact on response times.Citation: Trick WE, Deamant C, Smith J, Garcia D, Angulo F. Implementation of an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) system in a general medicine clinic – patient response burden. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 148–162http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-RA-0073
Convergent evolution of health information management and health informatics
Authors: Gibson C. J. , Abrams K. , Dixon B.E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryClearly defined boundaries are disappearing among the activities, sources, and uses of health care data and information managed by health information management (HIM) and health informatics (HI) professionals. Definitions of the professional domains and scopes of practice for HIM and HI are converging with the proliferation of information and communication technologies in health care settings. Convergence is changing both the roles that HIM and HI professionals serve in their organizations as well as the competencies necessary for training future professionals. Many of these changes suggest a blurring of roles and responsibilities with increasingly overlapping curricula, job descriptions, and research agendas. Blurred lines in a highly competitive market create confusion for students and employers.In this essay, we provide some perspective on the changing landscape and suggest a course for the future. First we review the evolving definitions of HIM and HI. We next compare the current domains and competencies, review the characteristics as well as the education and credentialing of both disciplines, and examine areas of convergence. Given the current state, we suggest a path forward to strengthen the contributions HIM and HI professionals and educators make to the evolving health care environment.Citation: Gibson CJ, Dixon BE, Abrams K. Convergent evolution of health information management and health informatics – a perspective on the future of information professionals in health care. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 163–184http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-RA-0077
The Drop of Blood:
Authors: Lutz Gerhard 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The twelfth-century Visio monachi de Eynsham describes pious exercises and resultant mystical visions of the monk Edmund, who saw in his monastery a crucifix bleed profusely, and so regularly sought to touch it in order to come into close contact with the streaming blood. The article explores twelfth- and thirteenth-century reports on visions of bleeding crucifixes, and considers what they tell us about approaching and handling medieval sculptures before the 1300s, and so before what art historical scholarship commonly considers the beginning of affective piety. Using as an example the small crucifix from the parish church of Klein Escherde near Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany (ca. 1230–40), I will suggest that sculptors and painters adapted their design to meet the expectation of viewers' interactions with the sculpture, and that, in turn, this design may have influenced reception of these images and stimulated their enlivening effect. The Klein Escherde crucifix is characterized by a precise observation of the body, and made to be closely seen and explored from several different angles. For instance, the sculpted streams and individual drops of blood flowing from the side wound—which became popular in the early thirteenth century—as well as the textual evidence for their handling, suggest that the beholder was encouraged to augment the act of looking from a distance by touching the refined surface of Christ's body. The close analysis of the Klein Escherde crucifix explores the way that earlier medieval wooden sculpture was made for and received by its monastic beholders, thus illuminating the mechanism of visionary animation experienced by Edmund and his contemporaries.
Of Wood and Bone:
Authors: Mittman Asa Simon 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
This conclusion attempts to reconsider the notion of animation, raised throughout the special issue of Preternature. It uses a remarkable sixteenth-century clockwork automaton friar to test the limits of mechanical animation in the medieval and premodern periods. This figure, traditionally ascribed to Juanelo Turriano, mechanician to Emperor Charles V, walks independently, moves its arms and head, rolls its eyes about, and mouths silent words. It beats itself with a stone and raises a cross. The work is compared to those discussed in the collection, to additional automata, and to other conceptual “creatures”—that is, beings created by humans. The conclusion considers the crafting of lifelike corpses, animatable bodies, robots, and the notions of sound and breath. These premodern works are put in dialog with Mary Shelley's modern Frankenstein (1831) and Michael Landy's postmodern “Saints Alive” exhibition of kinetic sculptures, based on works in the collection of the National Gallery, London (2013). The essay concludes with a brief discussion of the role of thing theory and object-oriented ontology in current discourse, and the implications these works have for the deployment of these theories in premodern studies.
To Organize Beauty:
Authors: Finkin Jordan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Toward the end of his life, the American Yiddish poet Mani Leyb turned to composing a series of intensely personal lyrics in the form of loosely connected sonnets. These he conceived as his summum opus, combining his ideas of simplicity and plainspokenness with a lifelong achievement in impressionist poetics, all within the framework of the sonnet, the token of the pinnacle of high-art achievement in Western poetry. In some of the inherent tensions between these elements we see Mani Leyb staking a claim on what it means to write poetry that was both authentically Yiddish and American.
Hebrew on a Desert Island:
Authors: Jacobs Adriana X. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The poetic output of the American-born poet and playwright Annabelle “Chana” Farmelant consists entirely of two books of Hebrew poetry, Iyyim bodedim (Desert Islands) and Pirchei zehut (Flowers of Identity), published in Israel in the early 1960s. In this article, I offer an overview of Farmelant's oeuvre through my own English translations of her poems and in the context of American Hebrew literary history and scholarship, which has long neglected women writers. Farmelant's short career as a poet notwithstanding, her work engaged directly—and thereby offers crucial attestation of—the gender politics and U.S.-Israel literary relations that contributed to the decline of American Hebrew literature in the mid-twentieth century and to Farmelant's early departure from the field of modern Hebrew poetry.
Comparison of the Viability of Cryopreserved Fat Tissue in Accordance with the Thawing Temperature
Authors: Hwang So-Min , Lee Jong-Seo , Kim Hyung-Do , Jung Yong-Hui , Kim Hong-Il 
Published: March 2015

Background Adipose tissue damage of cryopreserved fat after autologous fat transfer is inevitable in several processes of re-transplantation. This study aims to compare and analyze the survivability of adipocytes after thawing fat cryopreserved at -20℃ by using thawing methods used in clinics.
Methods The survival rates of adipocytes in the following thawing groups were measured: natural thawing at 25℃ for 15 minutes; natural thawing at 25℃ for 5 minutes, followed by rapid thawing at 37℃ in a water bath for 5 minutes; and rapid thawing at 37℃ for 10 minutes in a water bath. The survival rates of adipocytes were assessed by measuring the volume of the fat layer in the top layers separated after centrifugation, counting the number of live adipocytes after staining with trypan blue, and measuring the activity of mitochondria in the adipocytes.
Results In the group with rapid thawing for 10 minutes in a water bath, it was observed that the cell count of live adipocytes and the activity of the adipocyte mitochondria were significantly higher than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The volume of the fat layer separated by centrifugation was also measured to be higher, which was, however, not statistically significant.
Conclusions It was shown that the survival rate of adipocytes was higher when the frozen fat tissue was thawed rapidly at 37℃. It can thus be concluded that if fats thawed with this method are re-transplanted, the survival rate of cryopreserved fats in transplantation will be improved, and thus, the effect of autologous fat transfer will increase.