bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of highly eﬃcient transducer for ultrasonic wireless power transmission system
Authors: Hori Yuki , Fujimori Kazuhiro , Tsuruta Kenji , Nogi Shigeji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a transducer that is suitable for the ultrasonic wireless power transmission system is discussed. The transducer is designed based on Mason's equivalent circuit theory, basically. The transducer was developed using design parameters optimized by multiphysics analysis. As a result, it is conﬁrmed that the transmission eﬃciency is drastically improved to more than 50%. This result suggests that wireless power transmission by acoustic wave is feasible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(3): 27–35, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22406
Coordination Properties of Multidentate Phosphanylborane Ligands in Tungsten Nitrosyl Complexes
Authors: Jana Rajkumar , Blacque Olivier , Jiang Yanfeng , Berke Heinz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ambiphilic and small‐bite‐angle diphosphanylborane ligands Ph2PCH(PPh2)CH2B(C8H14) (2) and Ph2PCH2CH[B(C8H14)]PPh2 (3) containing the Lewis acidic 9‐boranorbornyl group B(C8H14) have been prepared in one step by regioselective anti‐Markovnikov hydroborations of 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethylene and 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethylene with 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) under relatively drastic reaction condition. The coordination properties of Ph2PCH2CH2B(C8H14) (1) and the newly prepared 2 and 3 towards the tungsten nitrosyl fragment {WNO}6 have been studied structurally and spectroscopically. Herein, we report the cis and trans tungsten nitrosyl complexes cis‐[W(CO)2(1)2(NO)(Cl)] (cis‐4a), cis‐[W(CO)2(1)2(NO)(H)] (cis‐4b), trans‐[W(CO)2(1)2(NO)(Cl)] (trans‐4a), trans‐[W(CO)2(1)2(NO)(H)] (trans‐4b), cis‐[W(CO)2(2)(NO)(Cl)] (cis‐5a), cis‐[W(CO)2(2)(NO)(H)] (cis‐5b), cis‐[W(CO)2(3)(NO)(Cl)] (cis‐6a), cis‐[W(CO)2(3)(NO)(H)] (cis‐6b), which were readily obtained from straightforward ligand‐substitution reactions of the tungsten carbonyl nitrosyl precursor [W(NO)(CO)4(ClAlCl3)] in tetrahydrofuran. The crystal structures of the tungsten chloride complexes cis‐4a, trans‐4a, and cis‐5a revealed that the trialkyl boron centers are free pendants in the secondary coordination spheres, whereas in the hydride complexes trans‐4b, cis‐5b, and cis‐6b the hydride ligand trans to the nitrosyl ligand is σ coordinated to the tethered B(C8H14) group and form three‐center, two‐electron (3c–2e) W–H–B bonds, which were observed in their crystal structures. The authenticity of the 3c–2e W–H–B bond in the tungsten hydride complex cis‐5b was further checked by a DFT structural optimization and natural bond order (NBO) analysis.
The Al(ORF)3/H2O/Phosphane [RF = C(CF3)3] System – Protonation of Phosphanes and Absolute Brønsted Acidity
Authors: Kraft Anne , Possart Josephine , Scherer Harald , Beck Jennifer , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the classical, neutral donor–acceptor adducts Ph2MeP–/Ph3P–/Ph3As–Al(ORF)3 and H2O–Al(ORF)3 [1, 2, 3, 4, ORF = OC(CF3)3] is reported. The intermediate H2O–Al(ORF)3 (4) was generated by substitution of PhF in PhF–Al(ORF)3 with H2O and was analyzed in a long‐term NMR study over 22 days. This Brønsted acidic system was used in orienting experiments to protonate phosphanes such as PMePh2, PPh3, PCy3, P(tBu)3, and PCy2[2,4,6‐(iPr)3C6H2]. Depending on the use of one or two equivalents of PhF–Al(ORF)3, the new weakly coordinating anions [(RFO)3Al(μ‐OH)Al(ORF)3]– or [HOAl(ORF)3]– were obtained. However, in dependence of the steric bulk of the phosphanes, stable and unreactive R3P–Al(ORF)3 adducts were also observed in the NMR experiments. The absolute acidity of the key H2O–Al(ORF)3 adduct was evaluated by the relaxed COSMO cluster‐continuum (rCCC, COSMO = conductor‐like screening model) model in fluorobenzene solution. For a 0.001 M solution of H2O–Al(ORF)3, the medium acidity resulted as –986 kJ mol–1 or a pHabs value of 173. Long‐term hydrolysis of H2O–Al(ORF)3 (4), probably to give HORF and HOAl(ORF)2 followed by trimerization, gave [HOAl(ORF)2]3 (10), which was identified by X‐ray diffraction.
Reactions of a Niobium Nitride Complex Prepared from Dinitrogen: Synthesis of Imide and Ureate Complexes and Ammonia Formation
Authors: Akagi Fumio , Suzuki Shoui , Ishida Yutaka , Hatanaka Tsubasa , Matsuo Tsukasa , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA nitride complex [K(thf)2]2[{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐N)2] (2), prepared from [K(DME)]2[{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐H)4] (1) and N2, was protonated with 2,6‐lutidinium chloride to yield ammonia and [(O3)NbCl3]– (3), where H3[O3] = tris(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy phenyl)methane. The reaction of 3 with KBHEt3 regenerated [K(DME)]2[{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐H)4] (1), thereby completing a synthetic cycle for the conversion of N2 to NH3. Alkylation of 2 with methyl iodide led to formation of [K(thf)][{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐N)(μ‐NMe)] (4) and [{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐NMe)2] (5). Treatment of 5 with pyridine afforded a terminal imide complex [(O3)Nb=NMe(py)2] (6). The imide monomer 6 reacted with CO2 to give [(O3)Nb{(MeN)2CO}(py)] (7) and [{(O3)Nb}2(μ‐O)2] (8) in a 2:1 ratio, while the reaction of 6 with p‐TolNCO gave an asymmetric ureate complex [(O3)Nb{p‐TolNC(O)NMe}(py)] (9).
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of MnIII(L)phosphinate Complexes (L = meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin or Schiff base)
Authors: Richeter Sébastien , Larionova Joulia , Long Jérôme , van der Lee Arie , Leclercq Dominique 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe structural organization and magnetic properties of MnIII complexes with meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine (tBuSalen), and bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) capping ligands assembled with phosphinate ligands such as H2PO2–, PhHPO2– and Ph2PO2– have been investigated. The structural organization and, thus, the magnetic properties in this series depends on the nature of both the capping and bridging ligands. The hypophosphite ion (H2PO2–) and the diphenylphosphinate ion (Ph2PO2–) act as bridging ligands to form 1D polymeric structures [{Mn(TPP)O2PH2}2·H2O·EtOH]n and [Mn(Salen)O2PPh2]n, among which only the former presents single chain magnet behaviour; the pronounced nonalignment of the anisotropy axes explains the absence of such behaviour in the latter. The phenylphosphinate ion (PhHPO2–) and the diphenylphosphinate ion (Ph2PO2–) act as monodentate ligands in the complexes with tBuSalen and TPP as capping ligands, respectively. The diphenylphosphinate ion acts as both a bidentate ligand and charge‐compensating anion in [Mn2(tBuSalen)2(O2PPh2)(EtOH)2+(Ph2PO2–)·H2O].
Upright and left out: Posture moderates the effects of social exclusion on mood and threats to basic needs
Authors: Welker Keith M. , Oberleitner David E. , Cain Samantha , Carré Justin M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdopting a powerful posture leads individuals to feel more confident and dominant. Social exclusion can strongly impact individuals' mood and basic social needs. The current research combines these bodies of research, investigating the effects of dominant and submissive poses on responses to social exclusion and inclusion. In two experiments, participants held a slouching or upright pose and were either socially included or excluded using the Cyberball social exclusion manipulation. Social exclusion only affected participants' mood when individuals took a powerful posture: Excluded participants in powerful postures had more negative mood after exclusion than included power‐posing participants, but effects of exclusion and inclusion did not differ among submissive‐posing participants (Experiments 1 and 2). Similarly, it was also found that social exclusion affected basic needs only when participants' adopted powerful poses (Experiment 2). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dispersed oil on reproduction in the cold water copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus)
Authors: Olsen Anders Johny , Nordtug Trond , Altin Dag , Lervik Morten , Hansen Bjørn Henrik 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Following a 120-h exposure period to 3 concentrations of oil dispersions (0.022 mg L−1, 1.8 mg L−1, and 16.5 mg L−1, plus controls) generated from a North Sea crude oil and a subsequent 21-d recovery, mortality, and several reproduction endpoints (egg production rates, egg hatching success, and fraction of females participating in reproduction) in Calanus finmarchicus were studied. Concentration-dependent mortality was found during exposure, averaging to 6%, 3%, 15%, and 42% for the controls and 3 exposure levels, respectively. At the start of the recovery period, mean egg production rates of surviving females from the highest concentrations were very low, but reproduction subsequently improved. In a 4-d single female reproduction test starting 13 d postexposure, no significant differences in egg production rates or hatching success were found between reproducing control and exposed copepods. However, a significantly lower portion of the surviving females from the highest exposure participated in egg production. The results indicate that although short-term exposure to oil-polluted water after an oil spill can induce severe mortality and temporarily suspend reproduction, copepods may recover and produce viable offspring soon after exposure. The results might imply that for C. finmarchicus populations, the impact from short-term exposure to an oil spill might be predicted from acute mortality and that delayed effects make only a limited contribution to population decrease. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2045–2055. © 2013 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Low temperatures enhance the toxicity of copper and cadmium to Enchytraeus crypticus through different mechanisms
Authors: Cedergreen Nina , Nørhave Nils Jakob , Nielsen Kristoffer , Johansson Hanna K.L. , Marcussen Helle , Svendsen Claus , Spurgeon David J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Knowledge about how toxicity changes with temperature is important for determining the extent of safety factors required when extrapolating from standard laboratory conditions to variable field scenarios. In the present study, the authors evaluated the toxicity of Cu and Cd to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus at 6 temperatures in the range of 11 °C to 25 °C. For both metals, reproductive toxicity decreased approximately 2.5-fold with increasing temperature. This is contrary to what most other studies have found. Measurements of the bioavailable fraction of the metals in the soils and the internal metal concentrations in the worms over time showed that the major cause of change in toxicity with temperature for Cu was the worms' ability to regulate internal concentration at high temperatures. Uptake of Cd increased with time at all temperatures and with higher rates at high temperatures. Hence, the lower toxicity of Cd at high temperatures is proposed to be due to the E. crypticus being more efficient at immobilizing Cd and/or repairing damages at high compared to low temperatures. The present study concludes that no consistent relationship between metal toxicity and temperature across species can be made. The metabolic dependence of the species in terms of regulating metal uptake, excretion, immobilization, damage, and repair processes, will be crucial factors in determining species susceptibility to metals at varying temperatures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2274–2283. © 2013 SETAC
An examination of factors influencing delayed discharge of older people from hospital
Authors: Challis David , Hughes Jane , Xie Chengqiu , Jolley David 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the delayed discharge of older people from hospital and their length of stay (LOS).MethodsData were collected retrospectively from inpatient records and adult social care services on older patients referred to the latter prior to hospital discharge.ResultsData on two related measures—delayed discharge and LOS—were analysed separately within a four‐stage sequential framework. Using bivariate analysis, we found that cognitive impairment and dependency were significantly associated with delay. Patients admitted to trauma and orthopaedics specialties were significantly more likely to be delayed on discharge. Respiratory illness was negatively associated with delay. Factors related to care received as an inpatient associated with delayed discharge from hospital were not being in the responsible consultant's bed for part of their stay, two or more moves between specialties and receipt of rehabilitation services. Admission to a care home and receipt of domiciliary care if returning to a private dwelling on discharge were associated with delay. In the multivariate analysis, dependence and cognitive impairment impacted differently on delay and LOS. Hospital variables were the most important predictors of LOS and social care variables in respect of delayed discharge.ConclusionPatient characteristics and especially the organisation of care in hospital and the provision of services on discharge are related to the likelihood of delayed discharge and LOS. Improved services and structures to systematically assess and treat patient needs in hospital, together with the timely provision of services providing post‐discharge services tailored to individual circumstances, are required. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of poly(l‐lactic acid)‐modified polypropylene mesh and its antiadhesion in experimental abdominal wall defect repair
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Tianzhu , Li Junsheng , Ji Zhenling , Zhou Hemei , Zhou Xuefeng , Gu Ning 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new type of polypropylene (PP) hernia mesh, modified with poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), was developed and used to repair rat abdominal wall defect. The PP mesh was first treated with oxygen plasma and then grafted with PLLA in phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) solution in dichloride methane. The water contact angle changed during the procedure, and the coverage percentage of PLLA on the PP was about 80%. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy measurements showed the existence of carbonyl group absorption peak (1756.9 cm−1), and atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope morphological observation indicated that the surface of the PP mesh was covered with PLLA graft. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra was used to probe chemical group changes and confirmed that the PLLA was grafted onto the PP. A total of 36 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, and they received either modified meshes (experimental groups) or PP meshes (control groups) to repair abdominal wall defects. All animals survived until the end of the experiment. Rats in each group were dissected after the operation (after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month, respectively), and the adhesion effects were evaluated. Sections of the mesh parietal peritoneum overlap were examined histologically and graded for inflammation reaction. Compared with the control groups, the experimental groups showed a better ability to resist peritoneal cavity adhesions (P < 0.05), and there was no increase in inflammation formation (P > 0.05). This new type of PLLA‐modified PP mesh displayed an additional property of antiadhesion in animal abdominal wall defect repair. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 12–21, 2014.
Effect of bleaching agents and soft drink on titanium surface topography
Authors: Faverani Leonardo P. , Barão Valentim A. R. , Ramalho‐Ferreira Gabriel , Ferreira Mayara B. , Garcia‐Júnior Idelmo R. , Assunção Wirley G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effects of carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and cola soft drink on the topographic modifications of commercially‐pure titanium (CP‐Ti) and Ti‐6Al‐4V were investigated. Ti discs were divided into 18 groups (n = 4) based on the solution treatment and Ti type. Specimens were immersed in 3 mL of each solution for 4 h per day (for the remaining 20 h, discs were left dry or immersed in artificial saliva) for 15 days. For control, specimens were immersed in only artificial saliva. Ti surfaces were examined using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopes and their surface roughness (in µm) and surface chemical modifications were investigated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Groups immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide showed the highest roughness (Ra) (171.65 ± 4.04 for CP‐Ti and 145.91 ± 14.71 for Ti‐6Al‐4V) (p < 0.05), followed by groups treated with carbamide peroxide 16% (110.91 ± 0.8 for CP‐Ti and 49.28 ± 0.36 for Ti‐6Al‐4V) and 35% (65.67 ± 1.6 for CP‐Ti and 53.87 ± 1.98 for Ti‐6Al‐4V); treatment with artificial saliva did not affect the results. These values were statistically superior to those observed prior to the treatment and to those of the control group (31.0 ± 0.99 for CP‐Ti and 29.95 ± 0.58 for Ti‐6Al‐4V). Cola soft drink did not alter the surface roughness of either Ti type (p > 0.05). SEM and AFM revealed dramatic changes in the specimens surfaces immersed in the 35% hydrogen peroxide, mainly for CP‐Ti. No detectable chemical modifications on the Ti surface were observed. Bleaching agents promoted significant changes in Ti topography, which could affect the longevity of implants treatments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 22–30, 2014.
8‐Hydroxyquinoline Functionalized PEG‐1000 Bridged Dicationic Ionic Liquid as a Novel Ligand for Copper‐catalyzed N‐Arylation of Imidazoles
Authors: Wang Ying‐Lei , Luo Jun , Liu Zu‐Liang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel 8‐hydroxyquinoline functionalized PEG‐1000 bridged dicationic ionic liquid ([HQ‐PEG1000‐DIL][BF4]) was synthesized and characterized. It was applied as an efficiently recyclable ligand for copper‐catalyzed N‐arylation of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles with aryl halides. The catalytic system could be easily recovered and reused for at least five runs without obvious loss of catalytic activity.
Intramolecular Cyclization of Arylalkynes with C‐O Bond Formation on Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Ma Hao‐Wei , Chang Wei‐Chen , Tsai Fu‐Yuan , Lin Ying‐Chih , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hong , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCyclization of terminal arylalkynes containing aldehyde (1a), ketone (1b‐c) or hydroxyl (6a‐c) functionality on the aryl ring induced by ruthenium complex is investigated. For the reaction of Cp(PPh3)2RuCl with o‐ethynyl benzaldehyde 1a, a vinylidene intermediate was formed which is followed by a carbonyl attack to give 2a. However, for 1b‐c, with a ketone replacing the aldehyde group, isobenzofuryl carbene complexes (4b‐c) were formed as the major products along with the isochromene carbene complexes (2b‐c) as the minor products. For three o‐enynyl phenol compounds 6a‐c with different substituents on the aryl ring, the reactions take place at the triple bond first giving vinylidene intermediates which undergo facile intramolecular cyclization to yield the cyclic oxocarbene complexes 7a‐c in excellent yields. Modification of various substituents at Cβ of the carbene ligand of 7 by the use of different alkyl halides can be readily achieved under mild condition. For the chromane ring derivatives 11, the two allyl groups underwent ring closing metathesis reaction in the presence of Grubb's catalyst and yielded the tricyclic product 12. These chemical reactions and their mechanisms are corroborated by structure determinations of two ruthenium complexes using single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Water Improve Crystal Quality in Dragline of Cyrtophora Spider
Authors: Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Jean Yuch‐Cheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe draglines of Nephila and Cyrtophora spiders have been studied by means of X‐ray diffraction method in wet and drying conditions. Both spiders are commonly found in environs in Taiwan. Nephila spider is the biggest orb web spider in Taiwan and Cyrtophora is one of large spiders which build 3D web. There are two kind crystallites in spider dragline. One is highly orientated with c axis along silk direction. The other is more or less randomly distributed inside silk. Crystallite is a hard material when mix with soft protein molecules can form composite structure which believed to be responded to the strength of silk. In this study, we find that the diffraction peak profile of random distributed crystallites in Cyrtophora dragline become sharper in wet silk indicated that crystal quality become more ordering than that of dry silk. The same treatment has also employed to Nephila pilipes dragline but diffraction pattern is smear out due to its super‐contraction property and high scattering background from water. The different behaviors of crystalline property to water between these two spider's dragline maybe reflect to the strategy of their utilizations of silk in nature.
Theoretical Study on Hydrogen Bonding of Mono‐ and Dihydrated Complexes of 7‐(3′‐Pyridyl)indole in Excited States
Authors: Yang Da‐Peng , Yang Yong‐Gang , Liu Yu‐Fang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe intermolecular hydrogen bonds of mono‐ and dihydrated complexes of 7‐(3′‐Pyridyl)indole (7‐3′PI) have been investigated using the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method. The electrostatic potential analysis of monomer 7‐3′PI and 7‐(3′‐Pyridyl)indole‐water (7‐3′PI‐W) indicates that an intermolecular hydrogen bond between two waters can be formed for 7‐(3′‐Pyridyl)indole‐2water (7‐3′PI‐2W) complex. The calculated bond lengths of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of 7‐3′PI‐W and 7‐3′PI‐2W in the S1 state (the first excited singlet state) are all shortened compared to the ground state. By the analysis of bond length, charge population and infrared spectra, it is demonstrated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of 7‐3′PI‐W and 7‐3′PI‐2W are all strengthened upon electronic excitation to the S1 state. Moreover, the fluorescence of 7‐3′PI‐W and 7‐3′PI‐2W are all red‐shifted to larger wavelength compared to monomer 7‐3′PI. The red‐shift of fluorescence peak of 7‐3′PI‐W and 7‐3′PI‐2W should be attributed to the change of hydrogen bond interaction before and after photoexcitation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding strengthening in the excited S1 state induces the fluorescence weakening of 7‐3′PI.
Optimum fluidization velocity of granular sludge bed for anaerobic fluidized‐bed bioreactors
Authors: Xiaoguang Chen , Ruobin Dai , Xinyi Xiang , Mengyan Tang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe models presented for bed optimum fluidization velocity (uopt), which was worthwhile for treatment efficiency and operation stability of anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (AFB), were developed for AFB, and the anaerobic granular sludge diameter (dp) and shape were analyzed by a dynamic image analyzer.RESULTSThe results showed that the granular size from 0.05 to 0.30 cm sludge dominated the total biomass (accounted for 92.34%) in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor, the mean sphericity 0.835 and mean granular diameter 0.1606 cm were achieved. The uopt range was 0.000949–0.2851 cm s‐1 when dp was 0.05–0.30 cm, and the fluidization number was 8.43–38.77. The maximum value of 0.2851 cm s‐1 was the basic parameter for pump power matching. From parametric sensitivity analyses, uopt was significantly influenced by liquid holdup, granular diameter, granular density and liquid viscosity.CONCLUSIONAccording to the models of uopt, a better operating scheme for AFB can be provided; from parametric sensitivity analysis, further optimizing designs of such bioreactors can be achieved. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry