bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 21 microsatellite markers from cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae), a weed species distributed worldwide
Authors: Chiang Yu‐Chung , Tsai Chi‐Chu , Hsu Tsai‐Wen , Chou Chang‐Hung 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed from Imperata cylindrica, a traditional medicinal herb in Asia and among the top 10 worst invasive weeds in the world, to aid in the identification of the limits of asexual clonal individuals.• Methods and Results: A total of 21 microsatellite markers, including 18 polymorphic and three monomorphic loci, were developed from I. cylindrica using a magnetic bead enrichment protocol. The primers amplified dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and complex repeats. The number of alleles ranged from one to 19 per locus, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.09 to 1.00. Several loci deviated significantly from the within‐population Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium as a result of asexual clonal reproduction.• Conclusions: These polymorphic markers should be useful tools in further studies on the identification of the range of clonal reproduction units and the selection and classification of the medicinal cultivar.
Religiosité, satanisme et gothisme chez les jeunes
Authors: Mayol Pierre 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article prend appui sur un ouvrage sur les croyances de certains adolescents pour mieux faire comprendre, au-delà d’une information sur les pratiques en vogue auprès de certains jeunes, la complexité des mouvements sataniques ou gothiques auxquels ils se réfèrent. Ces mouvements ne peuvent être réduits à une simple « anomie » sociale et révèlent au contraire des significations multiples.
Estimating Trend in Occupancy for the Southern Sierra Fisher Martes pennanti Population
Authors: Zielinski William J. , Baldwin James A. , Truex Richard L. , Tucker Jody M. , Flebbe Patricia A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Carnivores are important elements of biodiversity, not only because of their role in transferring energy and nutrients, but also because they influence the structure of the communities where they occur. The fisher Martes pennanti is a mammalian carnivore that is associated with late-successional mixed forests in the Sierra Nevada in California, and is vulnerable to the effects of forest management. As a candidate for endangered species status, it is important to monitor its population to determine whether actions to conserve it are successful. We implemented a monitoring program to estimate change in occupancy of fishers across a 12,240-km2 area in the southern Sierra Nevada. Sample units were about 4 km apart, consisting of six enclosed, baited track-plate stations, and aligned with the national Forest Inventory and Analysis grid. We report here the results of 8 y (2002–2009) of sampling of a core set of 223 sample units. We model the combined effects of probability of detection and occupancy to estimate occupancy, persistence rates, and trend in occupancy. In combined models, we evaluated four forms of detection probability (1-group and 2-group both constant and varying by year) and nine forms of probability of occupancy (differing primarily by how occupancy and persistence vary among years). The best-fitting model assumed constant probability of occupancy, constant persistence, and two detection groups (AIC weight  =  0.707). This fit the data best for the entire study area as well as two of the three distinct geographic zones therein. The one zone with a trend parameter found no significant difference from zero for that parameter. This suggests that, over the 8-y period, that there was no trend or statistically significant variations in occupancy. The overall probability of occupancy, adjusted to account for uncertain detection, was 0.367 (SE  =  0.033) and estimates were lowest in the southeastern zone (0.261) and highest in the southwestern zone (0.583). Constant and positive persistence values suggested that sample units rarely changed status from occupied to unoccupied or vice versa. The small population of fishers in the southern Sierra (probably &lt;250 individuals) does not appear to be decreasing. However, given the habitat degradation that has occurred in forests of the region, we favor continued monitoring to determine whether fisher occupancy increases as land managers implement measures to restore conditions favorable to fishers.
Haar Null Sets and the Consistent Reflection of Non-meagreness
Authors: Elekes Márton , Steprāns Juris 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA subset X of a Polish group G is called Haar null if there exist a Borel set B ⊃ X and Borel probability measure μ	on G such that μ(gBh) = 0 for every g; h ∊ G. We prove that there exist a set X ⊂ R that is not Lebesgue null and a Borel probability measure μ such that μ	(X + t) = 0 for every t ∊ R. This answers a question from David Fremlin’s problem list by showing that one cannot simplify the definition of a Haar null set by leaving out the Borel set B. (The answer was already known assuming the Continuum Hypothesis.)This result motivates the following Baire category analogue. It is consistent with ZFC that there exist an abelian Polish group G and a Cantor set C ⊂ G such that for every non-meagre set X ⊂ G there exists a t ∊ G such that C ∩ (X + t) is relatively non-meagre in C. This essentially generalizes results of Bartoszyński and Burke–Miller.
Opciones Terapéuticas en el Trauma Duodenal. Análisis de 16 Casos. Morbilidad y Mortalidad en Trauma Duodenal Grave
Authors: Valsangiácomo Pablo , Telles Leandro , Rodríguez Gustavo , Ruso Luis 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN

Antecedentes
Las lesiones duodenales se caracterizan por su baja frecuencia, elevada frecuencia de lesiones asociadas y marcada morbimortalidad.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los factores determinantes de la morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con lesiones duodenales.
Se valoran las diferentes opciones quirúrgicas, destacando las variantes tácticas dependiendo de la topografía, severidad lesional, las lesiones asociadas y el estado hemodinámico del paciente.

Diseño del estudio
Estudio retrospectivo y observacional en el periodo 1987-2010 en Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Resultados
En el periodo analizado se registraron 16 pacientes con lesiones duodenales. 13 casos del sexo masculino con una media de 30 años. En 14 pacientes (87,5%) el mecanismo lesional fue por arma de fuego. La topografía más frecuente fue duodeno II en un 44% y compromiso múltiple en un 31%. Las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes fueron: hígado, colon y páncreas.
En 11 casos correspondieron a lesiones tipo II y en 3 casos a lesiones tipo III y 2 casos tipo IV.
El cierre simple se realizo en un 56%, en lesiones duodenales complejas se repararon con duodenorrafia y exclusión pilórica. Pacientes con lesión del ángulo duodenoyeyunal se realizó exclusión duodenal distal seguida de anastomosis duodenoyeyunal lateromesentérica derecha. Morbilidad del 44% y mortalidad del 19%.

Conclusiones
La morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestra serie es comparable con cifras internacionales.
El manejo de las diferentes opciones tácticas según las variables analizadas así como la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico para el manejo de las complicaciones son factores determinantes de la morbimortalidad.
Patrones de Trauma de Guerra en Colombia, Analisis del Grupo Quirurgico Avanzado de Apoyo en Trauma (Gatra) de Las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia
Authors: Paez Carlos Alberto Arias , Arboleda Francisco Arroyo , Mora Fernando Guzmán , Gómez Ricardo Barragán , Bernal Linda Ibata , Gómez Sandra Parra 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN

Introducción
Las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia crearon equipos quirúrgicos móviles que se desplazan a áreas lejanas del territorio Nacional para dar apoyo quirúrgico al personal herido en combate buscando ofrecerles mayores probabilidades de supervivencia.

Objetivos
Identifi car los patrones de las lesiones presentadas por los heridos de guerra no convencional en el área de operaciones, atendidas por un equipo quirúrgico móvil, que por las características únicas del confl icto Colombiano, no han sido previamente expuestos.

Métodos
Estudio analítico basado en una cohorte histórica del registro de historia clínica de todos los heridos de guerra atendidos desde enero 2009 hasta abril 2011 aplicando las escalas de severidad de trauma e identifi cando los patrones de las heridas de acuerdo al mecanismo de lesión.

Resultados
333 pacientes heridos de guerra presentaron 512 lesiones. Producidas por minas antipersona 209 (62,8%), proyectil arma de fuego alta velocidad 96 (28,8%), arma fragmentación 25 (7,5%) y baja velocidad 3 (0,9%). El ISS promedio de las lesiones es de 15,47. El compromiso mas frecuente fue de las extremidades inferiores 267 lesiones (51%) siendo la mas frecuente la amputación traumática de la pierna 85 (25%) con un valor de escala de MESS 7,1. La mortalidad temprana del personal herido fue del 1,8%. Al comparar con el histórico de mortalidad de personal militar por trauma de guerra se alcanzaba a un 16% (p < 0,01).

Conclusiones
En el trauma de guerra en Colombia predomina el uso de métodos no convencionales de guerra que generan daño severo al organismo con politraumatismo y alto riesgo de amputación.
Mortalidad Por Trauma Cardiaco Penetrante en Bogota, Colombia: Análisis de Factores Asociados
Authors: Isaza-Restrepo Andrés , Bolívar-Sáenz Dínimo José , Tarazona Marcos , Jiménez María Fernanda , Laverde Fabián Armando Gil 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN

Antecedentes
La mayoría de las series de pacientes con heridas de corazón publicadas en la literatura son exclusivamente descriptivas y no sufi cientemente grandes para obtener conclusiones estadísticas. La prevalencia de agresiones en la población civil de algunos sectores de las ciudades Colombianas es elevada.

Materiales y métodos
Para estudiar la probabilidad de mortalidad en los pacientes que ingresan a salas de cirugía con heridas de corazón se realiza un estudio de casos y controles anidado en la cohorte histórica de 240 pacientes admitidos a salas de cirugía del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy con diagnóstico de herida penetrante de corazón, Entre enero de 1999 y Octubre de 2009.

Resultados
La mortalidad global fue de 15% (n = 36): 52.9% (9/17) para los pacientes con herida por arma de fuego y 12.1% (27/223) para los pacientes con herida por arma cortopunzante. Los valores del OR permitieron establecer que las lesiones con arma de fuego, el estado hemodinámico, el grado de la herida, las lesiones concomitantes en tórax y/o abdomen y el requerimiento de una toracotomía resucitativa se asocian con mayor probabilidad de muerte. Los resultados del análisis multivariado muestran que los únicos factores que de forma conjunta se asocian con la mortalidad son la lesión con arma de fuego (OR 22.7; IC 95% 4.6-112.9), y el estado hemodinámico (fatal: OR 11.4; IC 95% 1.6-82.0, agónico: 12.8; IC 3.4-48.5, shock profundo: 10.35; IC 2.9-36.4).

Conclusiones
El trauma cardiaco penetrante en nuestra serie fue causado principalmente por heridas de arma cortopunzante, con una sobrevida similar a otros estudios con este mecanismo predominante. Nuestros resultados están de acuerdo con los parámetros de riesgo de mortalidad previamente propuestos en la literatura y en nuestros pacientes el compromiso del estado hemodinámico al ingreso a cirugia y las lesiones ocasionadas por arma de fuego, demostraron ser predictores signifi cativos de la mortalidad. La presencia de taponamiento cardiaco no tuvo un efecto protector.
Perfil Epidemiológico do Trauma em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neopediátrica de um Hospital Geral do sul do Brasil
Authors: Foresti Camyla , Brezolin Daniela Zandoná , Junior Eliseu Perius , Lazaroto Dóris Medianeira 
Published: October 2012

RESUMO

Objetivo
Revisar e analisar os dados epidemiológicos dos pacientes vítimas de trauma admitidos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neopediátrica de um hospital geral do sul do Brasil.

Metodologia
Estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal, retrospectivo, de cunho observacional, que envolveu a análise de dados dos pacientes vítimas de trauma no período de abril de 1997 a maio de 2011. Foram coletados dados de identifi cação, tipo de convênio, motivo da internação, tempo de permanência na UTI e desfecho. A faixa etária foi dividida em quatro subgrupos: subgrupo I, recém-nascidos (RN); subgrupo II, idade de 29 dias até 2 anos; subgrupo III, idades de 2 a 5 anos; subgrupo IV, maiores do que 5 anos.

Resultados
De um total de 2.943 admissões na UTIP, 156 (5,3%) foram conseqüências de algum tipo de trauma. A faixa etária predominante foi a dos maiores de 5 anos, com 90 (58%) admissões. O tipo mais comum de trauma foi o traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE), com 84 (53,8%) representantes, seguido pelo trauma de extremidades (10,2%) e trauma abdominal (8,9%). Também foi observado 12 (7,7%) admissões na UTI devido a queimaduras, 7 (4,5%) por afogamento, 2 (1,3%) por choque elétrico e 2 por ferimento por arma de fogo (FAF), além de outros (12,2%). A média de dias de internação na UTI foi de 4,33 dias. A mortalidade geral devido a causas traumáticas foi de 7% (11 pacientes).

Conclusão
Apesar de apenas a minoria das internações (5,3%) na UTI Neopediátrica do HSC ser decorrente a causas traumáticas, grande atenção deve ser dada a essa condição, pois as conseqüências do trauma vão além do elevado custo fi nanceiro, causando distúrbios emocionais, comportamentais e de desenvolvimento infantil.
Avaliação das Lesões Encontradas, da Gravidade do Trauma e dos Fatores Prognósticos em Vítimas de Atropelamentos
Authors: Kaiser CR , Margarido AC , Silva DV , Parreira JG , Assef JC 
Published: October 2012

RESUMO

Introdução
No ano de 2010, no Brasil, especifi camente na cidade de São Paulo, foram registrados 7007 atropelamentos. Das 1.357 mortes em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito, 630 ocorreram em pedestres. Informações mais detalhadas sobre gravidade do trauma, órgãos lesados, causas de óbito e fatores prognósticos poderiam direcionar medidas de prevenção, de triagem e de tratamento nestes doentes.

Objetivo
Realizar uma análise da freqüência, da localização e da gravidade das lesões encontradas, bem como dos fatores prognósticos em vítimas de atropelamentos.

Metodologia
Análise retrospectiva de protocolos de atendimento em trauma, coletados de junho de 2008 a setembro de 2009. A estratifi cação da gravidade do trauma e das lesões foi feita com os índices: Escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score(ISS) e Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS). Consideramos lesões graves as com AIS > 3.

Resultados
Formaram o grupo de estudo 855 vítimas de atropelamento. A média de pressão arterial sistólica a admissão foi 128,2±27,0 mm Hg, da escala de coma de Glasgow a admissão, 14,1 ± 2,4, do RTS, 7,68 ± 0,8, do ISS, 7,1 ± 10,2 e do TRISS, 0,96 ± 0,1. As lesões graves foram observadas no segmento cefálico em 108 (12,6%) doentes, no tórax em 40 (4,6%), no abdome em 27 (3,1%) e nas extremidades em 185 (21,6%). A causa principal de óbito foi o trauma craniencefálico em 20 doentes.

Conclusão
As vítimas de atropelamento na sua maioria apresentaram traumas leves a moderados. Contudo há uma incidência considerável de lesões graves, principalmente em segmento cefálico, torácico e em extremidades. A letalidade está associada à presença de lesões graves em crânio, tórax e extremidades, principalmente em doentes admitidos com alterações de dados vitais.
Effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in District Karak (Pakistan)
Authors: Suleman Qaiser , Hussain Ishtiaq , Nisa Zaib-un- 
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students in District Karak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students (b) to determine the effect of parental educational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students (c) to find out the effect of parental occupational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students and (d) to suggest workable recommendations for the enhancement of the students’ academic achievement. All the students studying at secondary school level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only sixty government boys’ high schools in District Karak. The study was further delimited to the students of 10th Class. In order to represent adequate representation of population, only 1500 secondary school students were selected randomly at the rate of 25 students from each school. The study was survey type and therefore the researchers decided to develop self-developed questionnaire for the collection of data. Pilot testing was conducted to explore the weakness, misconceptions and ambiguities of the questionnaire. After the conduction of pilot testing, final version of the questionnaire was developed and prepared. The researchers personally visited to the respective sample and distributed questionnaires among the participants. In this way data was collected. After collection of data, the data was organized, tabulated and analyzed. Chi-square and percentage were used for the statistical analysis of the data. After statistical analysis of data, the researchers concluded that parental socio-economic status; parent’s educational level, parental occupational level; and parental income level affect the academic achievement of students at secondary level. Therefore it is strongly recommended that unemployment should be controlled. Poor students should be provided scholarships, free books and other stationary. In addition, it is also recommended that government should take steps to raise socioeconomic status of people. KEY WORDS: Parental Socioeconomic status, academic achievement, secondary school students
Influence of Management Style on Conflict Resolution Effectiveness in Work Organizations in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Akintayo Dayo Idowu 
Published: October 2012

This study investigated the influence of management style on conflict resolution effectiveness in work organizations in South-Western Nigeria. This was for the purpose of ascertaining the relative impact of managerial strategy on conflict resolution effectiveness towards ensuring sustainable industrial peace and harmony in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 211 respondents were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. A set of questionnaire was utilized for data collection. A set of questionnaire titled ‘Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory’ (ROCI) developed by Conrad (1991) was adopted for the study. The four generated hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistical methods. The findings of the study revealed that: A significant relationship exists between management style and conflict resolution effectiveness (r = 0.356; P < 0.05). I t was also found that there was no significant difference between male and female managers’ conflict management style (t (209) = 17.56; P > 0.05).The finding reveals that a significant difference exists between female and male managers’ conflict resolution effectiveness (t (209) = 5.66; P < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that democratic management style be encouraged as conflict resolution strategy in order to guarantee effective management of industrial conflict and sustainable peace and harmony. Also, both male and female managers should avoid the use of autocratic management style in the course of managing industrial conflict. Rather, participatory management style should be employed during collective bargaining process in order to foster effective management of conflict in work organizations.
Empirical Investigation into Compensation Preferences for Diversified Employees
Authors: Asfour Ahmed Al- 
Published: October 2012

Motivational factors play an essential role with increasing employee job satisfaction. Satisfied employees in return can help improve organizational performance. Hence, it is the purpose of this paper to examine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation preferences between domestic and foreign employees working at a factory in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three hypotheses were developed and examined by the researcher. The first and second tests showed that foreign and domestic employees view both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation alike. The third hypothesis stated that the employees would prefer one motivation method, and indeed the t-test showed that employees rated extrinsic motivation more highly than intrinsic Key words: Domestic & Foreign Employees Motivation, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Employees Motivation, Reward Systems
Perspectives of University Graduates about benefits of National Internship Program & the Perceived Impact of its Discontinuation
Authors: Jamil Dr. Asif , Kareem Uzma , Atta Malik Amer , Rehman Muhammad Hafeez-ur- , Khan Muhammad Younis , Jan Tahirullah 
Published: October 2012

The study aimed at investigating the benefits or otherwise of National Internship Programme of Pakistan as perceived by the graduates of Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan. Another area of investigation was to ascertain the impact of discontinuation of the Programme. The findings of this research indicated that National Internship Programme has been successful in terms of providing professional knowledge, hands on experience, financial support, exposure to the main stream job market as well as employment opportunities to the internees. The Program changed the perception of the students’ altogether, which were now beginning to appreciate all the possible benefits resulting from the programme. The discontinuation of the National Internship programme has been seen as a step that will not only put a stop to all the benefits that were being derived by the internees but it will also be a contributing factor towards lack of professional development, less financial independence and increased levels of un-employment for the fresh graduates. The study strongly recommends allocating additional resources to fund similar internship programs, improving program flexibility and further encouraging student participation. Keywords: National Internship Programme, Graduates, Benefits, Discontinuation
Comparative Study of the Professional Attitudes of Prospective Teachers Recruited in Regular and Distance Education Programmes
Authors: Kareem Uzma , Jamil Dr Asif , Atta Malik Amer , Khan Mohammad Younis , Jan Tahirullah 
Published: October 2012

Lack of professional attitude in teachers is the burning issue nowadays. The study was done in order to judge whether this difference results due to changed methodology of teaching in distance and regular programmes. The prime focus was on doing a comparative analysis of the professional attitude among the students enrolled in regular and distance) programmes (B.Ed and M.Ed level) in IER, Gomal University and reasons for the differences. Research findings revealed that students enrolled in regular programmes show high levels of professionalism as compared to distance education students. Similarly B.Ed students enrolled in regular programmes showed the highest levels of professional attitude. Keywords: Professional attitude, Distance Education, Regular Education, Prospective Teachers