bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐First Century Science as a Relational Process: From Eureka! To Team Science and a Place for Community Psychology
Authors: Tebes Jacob Kraemer , Thai Nghi D. , Matlin Samantha L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper we maintain that twenty‐first century science is, fundamentally, a relational process in which knowledge is produced (or co‐produced) through transactions among researchers or among researchers and public stakeholders. We offer an expanded perspective on the practice of twenty‐first century science, the production of scientific knowledge, and what community psychology can contribute to these developments. We argue that: (1) trends in science show that research is increasingly being conducted in teams; (2) scientific teams, such as transdisciplinary teams of researchers or of researchers collaborating with various public stakeholders, are better able to address complex challenges; (3) transdisciplinary scientific teams are part of the larger, twenty‐first century transformation in science; (4) the concept ofheterarchyis a heuristic for team science aligned with this transformation; (5) a contemporary philosophy of science known as perspectivism provides an essential foundation to advance twenty‐first century science; and (6) community psychology, through its core principles and practice competencies, offers theoretical and practical expertise for advancing team science and the transformation in science currently underway. We discuss the implications of these points and illustrate them briefly with two examples of transdisciplinary team science from our own work. We conclude that a new narrative is emerging for science in the twenty‐first century that draws on interpersonal transactions in teams, and active engagement by researchers with the public to address critical accountabilities. Because of its core organizing principles and unique blend of expertise on the intersection of research and practice, community psychologists are well‐prepared to help advance these developments, and thus have much to offer twenty‐first century science.
CO2/N2 Triggered Switchable Surfactants with Imidazole Group
Authors: Chai Mingfeng , Zheng Zhibo , Bao Lei , Qiao Weihong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn order to overcome the hydrolysis of 2‐alkyl‐1‐hydroxyethyl imidazoline and its unsatisfactory emulsification–demulsification switchability to water‐alkane, the long‐chain N‐alkylimidazole compounds were synthesized by n‐octyl bromide, n‐decyl bromide, n‐dodecyl bromide, n‐tetradecyl bromide and n‐hexadecyl bromide with imidazole, respectively and characterized by MS, 1H NMR and FTIR. The long‐chain N‐alkylimidazole compounds can be reversibly transformed into charged surfactants by exposure to CO2. Surface tension values indicated that N‐alkylimidazolium bicarbonates had excellent surface activity compared with corresponding conventional surfactants with a lower γCMC. The surface behaviors of the five surfactants can be illustrated by Amin. Five conductivity cycles by bubbling CO2 and N2 alternately indicated that these surfactants could be switched by CO2 reversibly and repeatedly. Emulsions were repeatedly stabilized for five cycles by N‐alkylimidazolium bicarbonate and broken by bubbling N2 through the solutions to reverses the reaction, releasing CO2.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Quaternized Glucosamide‐Based Trisiloxane Surfactant
Authors: Han Fu , Liu Yi‐lang , Gao Ya‐di , Liang Yin‐lian , Zhou Ya‐wen , Xu Bao‐cai 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of quaternized glucosamide‐based trisiloxane surfactant (QGS) of the general formula Me3SiOSiMeR1OSiMe3(R1= (CH2)3N+(CH3)2(CH2)2R2, R2= glucosamide group) was described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactant were studied. TheN‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐d‐gluconamide was synthesized by amidation of the ethylenediamine withd‐gluconolactone. The 3‐(3‐chloropropyl)‐1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptamethyltrisiloxane was prepared by the acid‐catalyzed reaction of a silane monomer. The QGS was prepared by quaternization of the precursor halogenated hydrocarbon with a tertiary amine. They were structurally characterized by IR,1H NMR and MS. And it reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 21 mN m−1at concentration levels of 10−3mol L−1.
Reversibility of changes in brain cholinergic receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in rats following early life arsenic exposure
Authors: Chandravanshi Lalit P. , Yadav Rajesh S. , Shukla Rajendra K. , Singh Anshuman , Sultana Sarwat , Pant Aditya B. , Parmar Devendra , Khanna Vinay K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn view of the increasing incidences of arsenic induced health effects and the vulnerability of the developing brain to its toxic effects, studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of arsenic induced cholinergic alterations and understand if such changes are persistent or transient on withdrawal of arsenic exposure. Male rats were exposed to arsenic (2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg body weight, p.o) from post‐lactational day (PD)22 to PD59, and the effect on selected behavioral and neurochemical end points associated with cholinergic functions was assessed on PD60 and PD90. Decrease in the binding of muscarinic‐cholinergic receptors in frontal cortex (26%, 43%) and hippocampus (21%, 34%) associated with reduced CHRM2 mRNA levels, acetylcholinesterase activity and expression of ChAT and PKC β‐1 was observed in arsenic exposed rats on PD60 as compared to controls. Spatial learning and memory and muscle strength were affected following arsenic exposure in rats on PD60 and associated with arsenic induced cholinergic alterations. Enhanced oxidative stress associated with increased expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins and decreased expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins was distinct in both frontal cortex and hippocampus following arsenic exposure in rats on PD60. The cholinergic alterations and other neurochemical modifications were found to be linked with increased arsenic levels in frontal cortex (1.39, 3.90‐fold) and hippocampus (3.23, 5.48‐fold) on PD60. Although a trend of recovery was observed both in behavioral and neurochemical endpoints on withdrawal of arsenic exposure on PD90, the results indicate that continuous arsenic exposure may have detrimental effects.
Prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tateyama Shunta , Higuma Takumi , Endo Tomohide , Shibutani Shuji , Hanada Kenji , Yokoyama Hiroaki , Yamada Masahiro , Abe Naoki , Sasaki Shingo , Kimura Masaomi , Okumura Ken 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little is known about the impact of AF on in‐hospital and long‐term mortalities in patients with AMI in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsSix hundred ninety‐four consecutive patients with AMI admitted within 48 h after symptom onset were analyzed. All patients successfully underwent primary PCI at the acute phase of AMI. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of AF at admission or during index hospitalization. We retrospectively evaluated the in‐hospital and long‐term all‐cause mortalities between patients with and those without AF.ResultsAF was detected in 38 patients (5.5%) at admission and in 51 patients (7.3%) during hospitalization. Patients with AF were older and had a higher heart rate, lower ejection fraction, higher prevalence of hypertension, worse renal function, higher peak level of creatine phosphokinase, and lower rate of final TIMI flow grade 3 than those without AF. Although patients with AF had a more complicated clinical course and higher in‐hospital mortality (11.2% vs. 4.0%, P=0.009), there was no significant association between presenting AF and in‐hospital death after adjustment for baseline confounders (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–5.47; P=0.076). During the follow‐up period of 3.0±1.7 years, patients with AF had a higher all‐cause mortality than those without AF (30.3% vs. 22.1%, P=0.004 by log‐rank test). However, after adjustment for clinical characteristics, presenting AF was not an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.67–1.88; P=0.588).ConclusionsAF is a common complication of AMI and associated with a more complicated clinical course. However, AF is not an independent predictor of both in‐hospital and long‐term mortalities in the PCI era.
The predictability of aggregate returns on commodity futures
Authors: Lutzenberger Fabian T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that aggregate returns on commodity futures (without the returns on collateral) are predictable, both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample, by various lagged variables from the stock market, bond market, macroeconomics, and the commodity market. Out of the 32 candidate predictors we consider, we find that investor sentiment is the best in‐sample predictor of short‐horizon returns, whereas the level and slope of the yield curve have much in‐sample predictive power for long‐horizon returns. We find that it is possible to forecast aggregate returns on commodity futures out‐of‐sample through several combination forecasts (the out‐of‐sample return forecasting R2 is up to 1.65% at the monthly frequency).
THE IMPACT OF INFLATION RISK ON FINANCIAL PLANNING AND RISK-RETURN PROFILES
Authors: Graf Stefan , Haertel Lena , Kling Alexander , Ruß Jochen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe importance of funded private or occupational old-age provision is expected to increase due to demographic changes and the resulting problems for government-run pay-as-you-go systems. Clients and advisors therefore need reliable methodologies to match offered products with clients' needs and risk appetite. In Grafet al. (2012), the authors have introduced a methodology based on stochastic modeling to properly assess the risk-return profiles — i.e. the probability distribution of future benefits — of various old-age provision products. In this paper, we additionally consider the impact of inflation on the risk-return profile of old-age provision products. In a model with stochastic interest rates, stochastic inflation and equity returns including stochastic equity volatility, we derive risk-return-profiles for various types of existing unit-linked products with and without embedded guarantees and especially focus on the difference between nominal and real returns. We find that typical “rule of thumb” approximations for considering inflation risk are inappropriate and further show that products that are considered particularly safe by practitioners because of nominal guarantees may bear significant inflation risk. Finally, we propose product designs suitable to reduce inflation risk and investigate their risk-return profile in real terms.
A Review of Android Apps for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Bennett Melanie E. , Toffey Kristin , Dickerson Faith , Himelhoch Seth , Katsafanas Emily , Savage Christina L.G. 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: The use of applications (apps) on smartphones and tablet devices is a fast growing component of health behaviour change efforts, including smoking cessation. While the content and utility of iPhone apps for smoking cessation have been systematically reviewed, Android apps have not been examined.Aims: This study reviewed and evaluated free Android apps for smoking cessation available for download from Google Play and Amazon's USA homepage in January 2013.Methods: Apps were reviewed; those targeting smoking cessation were identified and examined to ensure that they targeted tobacco smoking and were focused on quitting. Remaining apps were independently rated by three reviewers for 24 clinical strategies for smoking cessation. Results: Overall, 284 free apps were identified using the search terms ‘quit smoking’, ‘smoking cessation’, and ‘stop smoking’; 113 apps that targeted smoking cessation were downloaded for further review. Of these, 21 targeted tobacco smoking and were focused on quitting. These apps had moderate to low ratings for the 24 strategies, indicating that they lacked several of the most helpful strategies for quitting smoking. The apps were strongest in helping users track the number of cigarettes smoked. None connected users to on-line sources of support, referred users to smoking cessation counselling, or recommended the use of nicotine replacement therapies.Conclusions: While Android apps for smoking cessation have some strengths, they would benefit from incorporating a broader range of strategies for helping people quit smoking.
Une nouvelle culture émergente ? L'évaluation du positionnement des groupes d'intérêt anglophones face au Cadre stratégique agricole canadien de 2007*
Authors: Benoit Maude , Cantin Marie-Hélène , Duchesne Érick 
Published: February 2014

Résumé.Cet article présente une analyse de texte innovatrice, à l'aide d'outils quantitatif et qualitatif, des mémoires anglophones déposés par les groupes d'intérêt au ministère de l'Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada lors des consultations reliées au cadre stratégiqueCultivons l'aveniren 2007. Nous observons une multiplication des acteurs intéressés par les politiques publiques de ce secteur et un éclatement de leurs discours, qui ne s'articulent plus seulement autour du protectionnisme agricole. Nos résultats signalent une forte fragmentation des débats agricoles, certains groupes favorisant une libéralisation accrue, d'autres défendant la reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture. Face à cette polarisation, l'analyse lexicographique du Cadre stratégique canadien indique que le gouvernement affiche une position d'équilibre entre ces discours contrastés, tout en recourant à un argumentaire manifestement en faveur d'une plus grande libéralisation de l'agriculture.Abstract.This article uses quantitative and qualitative instruments to present an innovative content analysis of the English-language briefs presented by interest groups to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada during the 2007 consultations for theGrowing Forwardpolicy framework. Our analysis shows a proliferation in the number of actors interested in agricultural public policy as well as a diversification of their discussions, which are no longer structured solely around the idea of agricultural protectionism. Our results indicate that stakeholders' objectives in agriculture are highly fragmented, with some groups promoting an increased liberalization and other stakeholders strongly defending the recognition of the multifunctionality of agriculture. Considering these disparate pressures, the lexicographic analysis of the Canadian policy framework indicates that the Canadian government takes a balanced position between these contrasted interests while, nevertheless, putting forward arguments that are clearly in favour of greater agricultural liberalization.
Brand New Party: Political Branding and the Conservative Party of Canada
Authors: Marland Alex , Flanagan Tom 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.Little has been written about the use of branding by Canadian political parties. We draw on interviews with 30 party elites to document the branding of the Conservative party of Canada from 2003 to 2006. We disclose that preparations to re-brand the Canadian Alliance party were subsumed into the new party and that the colour of the maple leaf in the Conservative logo was a contentious topic because of its political symbolism. We conclude that partisans' attachment to colours and the use of negative advertising constitute important differences between the practice of branding in the political and business spheres.Résumé.Fort peu d'écrits ont été consacrés au processus de développement d'images de marque (oubranding) par les partis politiques canadiens. Cet article présente des données tirées d'entrevues réalisées auprès de 30 dirigeants et stratèges du Parti conservateur du Canada sur cette question entre 2003 et 2006. Les entretiens révèlent que les préparatifs menant au repositionnement de l'image de l'Alliance canadienne ont mené à la création de la nouvelle formation et qu'un débat important sur l'arrimage chromatique de la feuille d'érable présente dans le nouveau logo conservateur a secoué le parti en raison de sa symbolique politique. En conclusion, nous posons que l'identité partisane liée à certaines couleurs et le recours à la publicité négative représentent des différences notables dans l'exercice de développement d'images de marque entre les sphères politiques et commerciales.
Per-oral flexible laryngoscopy in awake neonates and infants: the ‘pacifier’ technique
Authors: Loizou P , Haloob N , Evgeniou E 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground:It is common for ENT specialists to be called to neonatal intensive care units to assess neonates with suspected laryngomalacia. At Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, it is standard practice to initially try to assess the larynx whilst the patient is awake. This can cause the patient to cry and become irritable, and can induce worry in the parents. A literature search revealed that numerous procedures have been successfully performed on neonates and infants whilst they were being pacified.Objectives:This paper describes various procedures where pacification has been used effectively. Furthermore, it reports a pacification technique developed for per-oral flexible laryngoscopy in awake neonates and infants.
‘This pasture is ours since ancient times’: An ethnographic analysis of the reduction in conflicts along the post-1991 Afar-Tigray regional boundary
Authors: Lenaerts Lutgart , Breusers Mark , Dondeyne Stefaan , Bauer Hans , Haile Mitiku , Deckers Jozef 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of post-1991 ethnic-based federalism on conflicts along regional boundaries has been a topic of great dispute in Ethiopianist literature. This article sheds new light on the on-going debate based on original ethnographic material from the Afar-Tigray regional border zone. Contrary to other studies, conflicts appear to have reduced in that area. Two key questions are addressed: how do different groups lay future claims to land; and which role does the post-1991 government play in those claims to land and in reducing conflicts? The case study reveals that people materialise religion to lay future claims to land and that conflicts have reduced with increased involvement of the state over the past two decades, but that this reduction has come at a high cost and may therefore not be sustainable in the long term.
Predicting the Success Rate of Long-baseline GPS+Galileo (Partial) Ambiguity Resolution
Authors: Odijk Dennis , Arora Balwinder S. , Teunissen Peter J.G. 
Published: February 2014

This contribution covers precise (cm-level) relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning for which the baseline length can reach up to a few hundred km. Carrier-phase ambiguity resolution is required to obtain this high positioning accuracy within manageable observation time spans. However, for such long baselines, the differential ionospheric delays hamper fast ambiguity resolution as based on current dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS). It is expected that the modernization of GPS towards a triple-frequency system, as well as the development of Galileo towards a full constellation will be beneficial in speeding up long-baseline ambiguity resolution. In this article we will predict ambiguity resolution success rates for GPS+Galileo for a 250 km baseline based on the ambiguity variance matrix, where the Galileo constellation is simulated by means of Yuma almanac data. From our studies it can be concluded that ambiguity resolution will likely become faster (less than ten minutes) in the case of GPS+Galileo when based on triple-frequency data of both systems, however much shorter times to fix the ambiguities (one-two minutes) can be expected when only a subset of ambiguities is fixed instead of the complete vector (partial ambiguity resolution).
Controllability of Vortex Domain Structure in Ferroelectric Nanodot: Fruitful Domain Patterns and Transformation Paths
Authors: Wu C. M. , Chen W. J. , Zheng Yue , Ma D. C. , Wang B. , Liu J. Y. , Woo C. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFerroelectric vortex domain structure which exists in low-dimensional ferroelectrics is being intensively researched for future applications in functional nanodevices. Here we demonstrate that adjusting surface charge screening in combination with temperature can provide an efficient way to gain control of vortex domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot. Systematical simulating experiments have been conducted to reveal the stability and evolution mechanisms of domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot under various conditions, including processes of cooling-down/heating-up under different surface charge screening conditions and increasing/decreasing surface charge screening at different temperatures. Fruitful phase diagrams as functions of surface screening and temperature are presented, together with evolution paths of various domain patterns. Calculations discover up to 25 different kinds of domain patterns and 22 typical evolution paths of phase transitions. The fruitful controllability of vortex domain structure by surface charge screening in combination with temperature should shed light on prospective nanodevice applications of low-dimensional ferroelectric nanostructures.
Plant cyclopropylsterol-cycloisomerase: key amino acids affecting activity and substrate specificity
Authors: Rahier Alain , Karst Francis 
Published: February 2014

The enzyme CPI (cyclopropylsterol-cycloisomerase) from the plant sterol pathway catalyses the cleavage of the 9β,19-cyclopropane ring of the 4α-methyl-cyclopropylsterol cycloeucalenol to produce the Δ8-sterol obtusifoliol. Randomly mutated plasmids carrying the Arabidopsis thaliana cpi gene were screened for inactive CPI mutant enzymes on the basis of their ability to genetically complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg7 (defective in oxidosqualene cyclase) ergosterol auxotroph grown in the presence of exogenous cycloeucalenol, and led to the identification of four catalytically important residues. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirmed the role of the identified residues, and demonstrated the importance of selected acidic residues and a conserved G108NYFWTHYFF117 motif. The mutated isomerases were assayed both in vivo by quantification of cycloeucalenol conversion into ergosterol in erg7 cells, and in vitro by examination of activities of recombinant AtCPI (A. thaliana CPI) mutants. These studies show that Gly28, Glu29, Gly108 and Asp260 are crucial for CPI activity and that an hydroxy function at residue 113 is needed for maximal substrate affinity and CPI activity. CPI is inactive on upstream 4α,β-dimethyl-cyclopropylsterol precursors of phytosterols. The single mutation W112L generates a CPI with an extended substrate specificity, that is able to convert 4α,β-dimethyl-cyclopropylsterols into the corresponding Δ8 products. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of CPI activity and substrate specificity.