bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating psychological screening into reviews of patients with COPD
Authors: Hardy Sheila , Smart David , Scanlan Mike , Rogers Stephen 
Published: August 2014

Background: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a high prevalence of anxiety and depression, which can have an impact on their symptoms and the way they manage their condition. Intervention that takes psychological distress into account may lead to better outcomes than simple advice-giving. Aim: To explore the feasibility of integrating psychological screening and intervention into nurse-led reviews of patients with COPD. Method: Nurses were given training on a pathway developed for patients with COPD. This included screening for depression and anxiety and assessing their severity; providing self-management education by means of a motivational approach; and offering pulmonary rehabilitation. Results: The nurses’ level of confidence increased following training. Patients were accepting of the screening process and felt more able and motivated to manage their condition after the intervention. Eleven of the 35 patients that took part in the study period had evidence of anxiety and/or depression. Out of a total of 16 patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation, 12 agreed to referral. Of these, three patients were seen by their GP, one was started on antidepressants, and one was referred to the psychology service. Conclusion: Training practice nurses to screen for depression and anxiety, and to offer self-management education using a motivational interviewing approach, increased the reported capability and motivation of patients with COPD to manage their condition. It may also improve the uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation. Use of this pathway does not place a burden on other care providers or greatly increase prescribing costs.
Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction
Authors: Niedźwiedź Artur 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves or broken wind, is one of the most common disease in middle-aged horses. Inflammation of the airway is inducted by organic dust exposure. This disease is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchospasm, excessive mucus production and pathologic changes in the bronchiolar walls. Clinical signs are resolved in 3-4 weeks after environmental changes. Horses suffering from RAO are susceptible to allergens throughout their lives, therefore they should be properly managed. In therapy the most importanthing is to eliminate dust exposure, administration of corticosteroids and use bronchodilators to improve pulmonary function.
Is the Highway Patrol Really Tougher on Out-of-State Drivers? An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Roach Michael 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Using speeding citations from the North Carolina State Highway Patrol, this paper examines whether out-of-state drivers face different enforcement standards than in-state drivers. Discrimination effects are identified by assuming exogenous differences in license plate design affect troopers’ abilities to identify out-of-state drivers. The pattern of citations for difficult to identify out-of-state drivers is significantly different from (indeed, stricter than) the pattern for more easily identifiable out-of-state drivers. I take this as evidence of troopers attempting to apply different enforcement standards to out-of-state drivers. One explanation is troopers attempting to deter in-state speeders whose behavior may be more sensitive to enforcement.
S100B concentrations increase perioperatively in jugular vein blood despite limited metabolic and inflammatory response to clinically uneventful carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Arfvidsson Berndt , Nilsson Torbjörn K. , Norgren Lars 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOur aim was to test the hypothesis that metabolic and inflammatory responses of the brain perioperatively during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) might affect blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity.Twenty patients with >70% stenosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) were prospectively included. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. Blood was sampled from ipsilateral internal jugular vein and radial artery: just before, during, and after ICA clamping S100B protein, glucose, lactate, 20 amino acids, and key cytokines were analysed.Jugular vein S100B increased during clamping and reperfusion, while a marginal systemic increase was recorded, unrelated to stump pressure during clamping. Glucose increased during clamping in jugular vein blood and even more systemically, while jugular lactate values were higher than systemic values initially. Most amino acids did not differ significantly between jugular vein and systemic levels: glutamic acid and aspartic acid decreased during surgery while asparagine increased. Jugular vein interleukin (IL)-6 showed a transient non-significant increase during clamping and decreased systemically. IL-8 and IL-10 increased over time.Rising jugular vein S100B concentrations indicated reduced BBB integrity, and marginal secondary increase of S100B systemically. Limited ischaemic effects on the brain during cross-clamping, unrelated to S100B concentrations, were confirmed by lower brain glucose levels and higher lactate levels than in systemic blood. The lack of increased jugular vein glutamic acid disproves any major ischaemic brain injury following CEA. The inflammatory response was limited, did not differ greatly between jugular and systemic blood, and was unrelated to S100B.
Solvent-free multicomponent assembling of aldehydes, N,N′-dialkyl barbiturates and malononitrile: fast and efficient approach to pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Nikishin Gennady I. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Potassium fluoride-catalyzed solvent-free multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, N,N′-dialkyl barbiturates and malononitrile results in the fast (15 min) and efficient (yields 89–95%) formation of substituted pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines. The improved synthetic methodology for this class of bioactive compounds is important from the viewpoint of diversity-oriented large-scale processes and represents an environmentally benign solvent-free synthetic concept for multicomponent reactions strategy.
Small membrane proteins – elucidating the function of the needle in the haystack
Authors: Kemp Grant , Cymer Florian 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Membrane proteins are important mediators between the cell and its environment or between different compartments within a cell. However, much less is known about the structure and function of membrane proteins compared to water-soluble proteins. Moreover, until recently a subset of membrane proteins, those shorter than 100 amino acids, have almost completely evaded detection as a result of technical difficulties. These small membrane proteins (SMPs) have been underrepresented in most genomic and proteomic screens of both pro- and eukaryotic cells and, hence, we know much less about their functions in both. Currently, through a combination of bioinformatics, ribosome profiling, and more sensitive proteomics, large numbers of SMPs are being identified and characterized. Herein we describe recent advances in identifying SMPs from genomic and proteomic datasets and describe examples where SMPs have been successfully characterized biochemically. Finally we give an overview of identified functions of SMPs and speculate on the possible roles SMPs play in the cell.
Risk of eating disorders among university students in Bangladesh
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl , Ahsan Gias Uddin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective: As there is a lack of information on eating disorders in Bangladesh, the aim of this study was to explore the eating disorder attitudes and behaviors among undergraduate university students in the country.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurement were conducted with undergraduate students who were recruited randomly from classes. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to determine the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes. The sample included 800 university students (56.6% men and 43.4% women), with a mean age of 21.0 years (SD=32.5).
Results: Using the EAT-26, 37.6% of the students were classified as being at risk for an eating disorder. In multivariate analysis, being a late adolescent (17–19 years), high religious involvement, overweight body perception, low body appreciation, having had cosmetic surgery, and current binge drinking were found to be associated with an eating disorder risk.
Discussion: Very high rates of eating disorder risk were found. This result calls for increased awareness and understanding of eating disorders, and related risk factors and interventions in university students in Bangladesh.
Process Optimization and Quality Analysis of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) Wine
Authors: Paul Sanjib K. , Sahu Jatindra K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The juice extracted from carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) fruits was used for wine production after reconstituting with distilled water, 50% (w/v) sugar syrup and 0.1 N oxalic acid at different concentrations to attain a range of different independent processing parameters. The processing conditions i.e., pH, fermentation temperature, inoculum size, and total soluble solids (TSS) were optimized on the basis of percentage of ethanol production. At optimum processing conditions of pH = 4.5, temperature = 26°C, inoculums size = 12% (v/v), and TSS = 24°B, the production of ethanol percentage in the wine was 12.15 ± 0.28% (v/v). At this optimum condition, the values of titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, and TSS were 0.76 ± 0.21% (w/w), 2.84 ± 0.22% (w/w), 2.65 ± 0.16% (w/w), and 4.6 ± 0.06°B, respectively. Color of the wine was observed to be light greenish yellow, but pH level which was 3.94 ± 0.17 was slightly higher than that of the acceptable limit. Sensory evaluation showed that the wine possessed very good taste, aroma, and clarity with moderately good body and aftertaste. It was also observed that the wine undergoes color changes during storage with more stability at lower storage temperature.
Can optical coherence tomography predict early retinal microvascular pathology in type 1 diabetic adolescents without minimal diabetic retinopathy? A single-centre study
Authors: Elhabashy Safinaz Adel , Elbarbary Nancy Samir , Nageb Karim Magdy , Mohammed Mai Mostafa 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been proven useful in measuring retinal thickness and volumes in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To test whether OCT is able to identify early retinal changes and its potential correlations with metabolic parameters and other microvascular complications.

Patients and methods: Thirty patients with type 1 diabetes without minimal diabetic retinopathy (MDR) (17 males, 13 females, aged 14.3±2.4 years) compared with age-matched healthy volunteers were examined with OCT. Diabetes duration, anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, other microvascular complications (nephropathy, autonomic and peripheral neuropathy) and total serum cholesterol were determined.

Results: No statistically significant differences were found between patients with (n=15) and without microvascular complications (n=15) compared to controls regarding retinal volume, nerve fibre layer volume (temporal and nasal quadrants) and ganglion cell layer area in both eyes. No correlation was found between the ganglion cell layer area and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients, except a negative correlation with total serum cholesterol (r=–0.369, p=0.049). The best cut-off value of ganglion cell layer area to detect the level at which thinning of this layer occurs was >1900 pixels.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is no advantage in performing OCT routinely in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without MDR. OCT did not show changes in retinal thickness in those patients compared to control. So OCT did not seem to be useful in the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the conventional diagnostic methods are mandatory to detect early diabetic retinopathy.
Influence of catch-up growth on abdominal fat distribution in very low birth weight children – cohort study
Authors: Alves João Guilherme , Vasconcelos Sarita Amorim , de Almeida Tais Sá , Lages Raquel , Just Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA rapid catch-up growth in very low birth weight has been associated both with a higher height growth and a higher risk to metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance and its consequences. Abdominal fat distribution in early postnatal life may play a role in these outcomes and can help in addressing this neonatal dilemma. This study aimed to compare abdominal fat distribution among very low birth weight (VLBW) children with and without rapid catch-up growth.A cohort study followed 86 VLBW (<1500) children born in Brazil, during the first 3 years of life. Rapid catch-up growth was considered as an increased in length >2A total of 79 VLBW children completed the study, of whom 22 (27.8%) showed rapid catch-up growth. Abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness showed no differences among children with or without rapid catch-up growth at 3.3 mm vs. 3.8 mm, respectively (p=0.79) and 4.0 mm vs. 4.0 mm (p=0.55), respectively. VLBW children with rapid catch-up growth were also taller.Rapid catch-up growth during the first year of life in VLBW children does not seem to change abdominal fat distribution until the third year of life.
Sound change in the individual: Effects of exposure on cross-dialect speech processing
Authors: Clopper Cynthia G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSpeech perception is highly robust to variation, but familiarity with a particular source of variation can nevertheless lead to significant processing benefits. In the domain of cross-dialect speech perception, familiar local and standard varieties have been shown to facilitate lexical and semantic processing relative to unfamiliar dialects. However, more recent research suggests that individuals with exposure to both a local non-standard variety and a regional or national standard variety exhibit a mix of lexical processing costs and benefits, suggesting that familiarity with multiple different linguistic systems can result in both independent processing benefits for each variety as well as competition among variable multi-dialect representations. In an exemplar model of language processing, this complex pattern of results suggests several loci for sound change within an individual language user. Although the processing benefits associated with the local variety may contribute to long-term maintenance of variation through divergence from a regional or national standard, the processing benefits associated with the standard may contribute to dialect leveling and convergence towards the standard. Competition between these forces for maintenance and leveling will be observed most strongly in individuals with extensive exposure to both a non-standard local variety and a regional or national standard.
Novelty and social preference in phonetic accommodation
Authors: Babel Molly , McGuire Grant , Walters Sophia , Nicholls Alice 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhonetic imitation is the unintentional, spontaneous acquisition of speech characteristics of another talker. Previous work has shown that imitation is strongly moderated by social preference in adults, and that social preference affects children's speech acquisition within peer groups. Such findings have led to the suggestion that phonetic imitation is related to larger processes of sound change in a change-by-accommodation model. This study examines how preferential processing of particular voice types affects spontaneous phonetic accommodation, interpreting the results in the context of how sound change can be propagated through a speech community. To explore this question eight model talkers previously rated as attractive, unattractive, typical, and atypical for each gender were used in an auditory naming paradigm. Twenty participants completed the task, and an AXB measure was used to quantify imitation. Female participants imitated more than male participants, but this varied across model voices. Females were found to rely more on social preference than men, while both groups imitated the atypical voices. The results suggest that females adapt their speech to auditory input more readily, but the nature of the accommodation does not qualify as direct evidence for a change-by-accommodation model given the constrained context of the task.
Aligning the timelines of phonological acquisition and change
Authors: Beckman Mary E. , Li Fangfang , Kong Eun Jong , Edwards Jan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines whether data from a large cross-linguistic corpus of adult and child productions can be used to support an assumed corollary of the Neogrammarian distinction between two types of phonological change. The first type is regular sound change, which is assumed to be incremental and so should show continuity between phonological development and the age-related variation observed in the speech community undergoing the change. The second type is dialect borrowing, which could show an abrupt discontinuity between developmental patterns before and after the socio-historical circumstances that instigate it. We examine the acquisition of two contrasts: the Seoul Korean contrast between lax and aspirated stops which is undergoing regular sound change, and the standard Mandarin contrast between retroflex and dental sibilants which has been borrowed recently into the Sōngyuán dialect. Acquisition of the different contrasts patterns as predicted from the assumed differences between continuous regular sound change and potentially abrupt dialect borrowing. However, there are substantial gaps in our understanding both of the extent of cross-cultural variability in language socialization and of how this might affect the mechanisms of phonological change that must be addressed before we can fully understand the relationship between the time courses of the two.
An identity bias in phonotactics: Evidence from Cochabamba Quechua
Authors: Gallagher Gillian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSpeakers of Cochabamba Quechua (CQ) participated in two tasks involving phonotactically illegal nonce forms with pairs of identical (e.g., [p'ap'u]) and non-identical ejectives (e.g., [k'ap'u]). In a repetition task, speakers were more accurate on identical than non-identical ejective pairs, though no asymmetry was found in an ABX discrimination task, nor in acoustic analysis of nonce roots with identical and non-identical ejective pairs. The latent preference for identical ejectives is unexpected given the phonotactics of CQ, which categorically disallows both identical and non-identical ejective pairs. The asymmetry is in accord with the typology, however. Many languages systematically exempt identical segments from a phonotactic restriction that applies to non-identical segments. It is argued that this cross-linguistic identity preference has its roots in a synchronic bias in favor of identical segments.
An experimental study of the role of social factors in language change: The case of loanword adaptations
Authors: Lev-Ari Shiri , Peperkamp Sharon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThere is great variation in whether foreign sounds in loanwords are adapted or retained. Importantly, the retention of foreign sounds can lead to a sound change in the language. We propose that social factors influence the likelihood of loanword sound adaptation, and use this case to introduce a novel experimental paradigm for studying language change that captures the role of social factors. Specifically, we show that the relative prestige of the donor language in the loanword’s semantic domain influences the rate of sound adaptation. We further show that speakers adapt to the performance of their ‘community', and that this adaptation leads to the creation of a norm. The results of this study are thus the first to show an effect of social factors on loanword sound adaptation in an experimental setting. Moreover, they open up a new domain of experimentally studying language change in a manner that integrates social factors.
A summary of the taxonomy and distribution of the red giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista (Sciuridae, Sciurinae, Pteromyini), in mainland Southeast Asia with the first record from Lao PDR
Authors: Sanamxay Daosavanh , Douangboubpha Bounsavane , Bumrungsri Sara , Satasook Chutamas , Bates Paul J.J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe occurrence of the red giant flying squirrel,
Eliminating the Outside Good Bias in Logit Models of Demand with Aggregate Data
Authors: Huang Dongling , Rojas Christian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe logit model is the most popular tool in estimating demand for differentiated products. In this model, the outside good plays a crucial role because it allows consumers to stop buying the differentiated good altogether if all brands simultaneously become less attractive (e.g. if a simultaneous price increase occurs). But practitioners lack data on the outside good when only aggregate data are available. The currently accepted procedure is to assume a “market potential” that implicitly defines the size of the outside good (i.e. the number of consumers who considered the product but did not purchase); in practice, this means that an endogenous quantity is approximated by a reasonable guess thereby introducing the possibility of an additional source of error and, most importantly, bias. We provide two contributions in this paper. First, we show that structural parameters can be substantially biased when the assumed market potential does not approximate the outside option correctly. Second, we show how to use panel data techniques to produce unbiased structural estimates by treating the market potential as an unobservable in both the simple and the random coefficients logit demand model. We explore three possible solutions: (a) controlling for the unobservable with market fixed effects, (b) specifying the unobservable to be a linear function of product characteristics, and (c) using a “demeaned regression” approach. Solution (a) is feasible (and preferable) when the number of goods is large relative to the number of markets, whereas (b) and (c) are attractive when the number of markets is too large (as in most applications in Marketing). Importantly, we find that all three solutions are nearly as effective in removing the bias. We demonstrate our two contributions in the simple and random coefficients versions of the logit model via Monte Carlo experiments and with data from the automobile and breakfast cereals markets.
Stability analysis of the first-order periodic autoregressive
diagonal bilinear model
Authors: Aknouche Abdelhakim , Bentarzi Wissem 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper studies stability problems and their consequences for
the first-order S-periodic autoregressive diagonal bilinear (PBL(1, 0, 1, 1))
model in which the parameters vary periodically over time. Necessary and
sufficient conditions for strict periodic stationarity and periodic
stationarity up to the rth-order (r ≥ 1) of the PBL equation are provided. As
a consequence, the autocovariance structure of the model is shown to have
the periodic ARMA autocovariance structure and the S kurtoses of the
rth-order periodically stationary solution are revealed. In addition, almost
sure invertibility and mean-square invertibility of the PBL(1, 0, 1, 1) model
are also considered. The paper gives a unified framework of stability that
encompasses most of probability properties studied for the PBL model.