bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XpressSpace: a programming framework for coupling partitioned global address space simulation codes
Authors: Zhang Fan , Docan Ciprian , Bui Hoang , Parashar Manish , Klasky Scott 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYComplex coupled multiphysics simulations are playing increasingly important roles in scientific and engineering applications such as fusion, combustion, and climate modeling. At the same time, extreme scales, increased levels of concurrency, and the advent of multicores are making programming of high‐end parallel computing systems on which these simulations run challenging. Although partitioned global address space (PGAS) languages attempt to address the problem by providing a shared memory abstraction for parallel processes within a single program, the PGAS model does not easily support data coupling across multiple heterogeneous programs, which is necessary for coupled multiphysics simulations. This paper explores how multiphysics‐coupled simulations can be supported by the PGAS programming model. Specifically, in this paper, we present the design and implementation of the XpressSpace programming system, which extends existing PGAS data sharing and data access models with a semantically specialized shared data space abstraction to enable data coupling across multiple independent PGAS executables. XpressSpace supports a global‐view style programming interface that is consistent with the PGAS memory model, and provides an efficient runtime system that can dynamically capture the data decomposition of global‐view data‐structures such as arrays, and enable fast exchange of these distributed data‐structures between coupled applications. In this paper, we also evaluate the performance and scalability of a prototype implementation of XpressSpace by using different coupling patterns extracted from real world multiphysics simulation scenarios, on the Jaguar Cray XT5 system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fundamental study of spectrum center estimation of solar spectral irradiation by statistical pattern recognition
Authors: Iijima Aya , Suzuki Kazumi , Wakao Shinji , Kawasaki Norihiro , Usami Akira 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAgainst a background of environmental problems and energy issues, it is expected that PV systems will be introduced rapidly and connected with power grids on a large scale in the future. For this reason, concerns about how PV power generation will aﬀect supply and demand adjustment in electric power in the future arise, and the technique of correctly grasping PV power generation becomes increasingly important. PV power generation depends on solar irradiance, module temperature, and solar spectral irradiance. Solar spectral irradiance is the distribution of the light intensity for every wavelength. As the spectral sensitivity of solar cells depends on the kind of solar cell, it becomes important for an exact grasp of PV power generation. But the preparation of solar spectral irradiance data is not easy because observational instruments for solar spectral irradiance are expensive. Against this background, in this paper, we propose a new method based on statistical pattern recognition for estimating the spectrum center, which is a representative index of solar spectral irradiance. Some numerical examples obtained by the proposed method are also presented. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 10–18, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22393
Synthesis of Dibromobenzobarrelene Derivatives and Catalytic Activity of Their Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Schlesinger Maik , Hofmann Max , Rüffer Tobias , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Lang Heinrich , Theilacker Sergio , Schürmann Markus , Jurkschat Klaus , Mehring Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel synthetic route based on [4+2] cycloaddition for dibromobenzobarrelene derivatives starting from in situ generated 3,5‐dibromo‐1,2‐didehydrobenzene and mesitylene, 1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5‐tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene, 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene, and 2,4,6‐trimethylbromobenzene, respectively, was developed. Thus, six novel dibromobenzobarrelenes with diverse substitution patterns at the barrelene framework including chiral derivatives are reported. The benzobarrelene 6,8‐dibromo‐1,3,10‐trimethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐ethenonaphthalene (1a) was functionalized at the annulated benzene ring to give three novel carboxylic acids and two novel phosphonic acid esters. Selected benzobarrelene complexes with RhICl were tested for their catalytic activity in the 1,4‐addition of phenylboronic acid towards cyclohex‐2‐enone. Turnover frequencies up to 3405 h–1 were observed, which are among the highest reported so far for Rh–diene complexes in this type of C–C coupling reaction.
Divergent Reactivity of TEMPO with MBr3 (M = B, Al)
Authors: Wright Ashley M. , Page Joshua S. , Scepaniak Jeremiah J. , Wu Guang , Hayton Trevor W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAddition of TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl) to a toluene slurry of AlBr3 results in rapid formation of AlBr3(η1‐TEMPO) (1), which can be isolated in 65 % yield. In contrast, addition of TEMPO to a hexanes solution of BBr3 results in formation of [TEMPO][BBr4] (2) and (TEMPO)2BBr (3), the products of TEMPO disproportionation. Complexes 1–3 have been fully characterized, including analysis by X‐ray crystallography. The divergent reactivity is likely dictated by the Lewis acidity of the group 13 halide, and in the case of the stronger Lewis acid BBr3, coordination of TEMPO to the boron center generates an adduct that is capable of oxidizing free TEMPO.
A Synthetic Cycle for Nitrogen Atom Transfer Featuring a Diruthenium Nitride Intermediate
Authors: Corcos Amanda R. , Long Amanda Kae Musch , Guzei Ilia A. , Berry John F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new Ru2 azido complex, [Ru2(chp)4N3] (4, chp = 2‐chloro‐6‐hydroxypyridinate), was investigated under photolytic conditions to study the chemical reactivity of the corresponding Ru2 nitride species, [Ru2(chp)4N] (6), towards intermolecular N atom transfer to triphenylphosphane (PPh3). Photolysis of a dichloromethane solution of 4 at λ > 350 nm leads to a characteristic color change from purple to magenta. Upon acidic workup, triphenylphosphanamine chloride ([H2NPPh3]Cl) is produced and [Ru2(chp)4Cl] (5), the precursor to 4, is regenerated. The first stoichiometric cycle for intermolecular N atom transfer from a Ru2 nitride is thus presented.
Uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals in reclaimed water by mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki): A worst-case, multiple-exposure scenario
Authors: Wang Jian , Gardinali Piero R. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Previous studies showed that caffeine, diphenhydramine, and carbamazepine were bioconcentrated by mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) from freshwater bodies directly affected by reclaimed water. To understand the uptake, depuration, and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) under the worst-case conditions, the authors exposed 84 mosquito fish to reclaimed water under static renewal for 7 d, followed by a 14-d depuration phase in clean water. Characterization of the exposure media revealed the presence of 26 pharmaceuticals, whereas only 5 pharmaceuticals—caffeine, diphenhydramine, diltiazem, carbamazepine, and ibuprofen—were present in the organisms after only 5 h of exposure. Caffeine, diltiazem, and carbamazepine were quickly taken up by mosquito fish following a similar uptake curve. Diphenhydramine and ibuprofen, on the other hand, were more gradually taken up by mosquito fish but were also eliminated fairly quickly, resulting in the 2 shortest depuration half-lives at 34 h and 32 h, respectively. For comparison, BCFs based on rate constants (BCFb), steady-state concentrations (BCFa), and saturation-state concentrations (BCFc) were calculated. Values of BCFb ranged from 0.23 to 29 and increased in the order of caffeine &lt; carbamazepine &lt; diltiazem &lt; diphenhydramine &lt; ibuprofen. Values of BCFa and BCFc ranged from 2.0 to 28 and increased in the order of carbamazepine &lt; caffeine &lt; diltiazem &lt; diphenhydramine &lt; ibuprofen. This is the first study using a nonartificial exposure–treated wastewater matrix to generate pharmacokinetic data for pharmaceutical mixtures in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1752–1758. © 2013 SETAC
Genetic Association Analysis and Meta‐Analysis of Imputed SNPs in Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Subirana Isaac , González Juan R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new method to analyze time‐to‐event data in longitudinal genetic studies. This method address the fundamental problem of incorporating uncertainty when analyzing survival data and imputed single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Our method incorporates uncertainty in the likelihood function, the opposite of existing methods that incorporate the uncertainty in the design matrix. Through simulation studies and real data analyses, we show that our proposed method is unbiased and provides powerful results. We also show how combining results from different GWAS (meta‐analysis) may lead to wrong results when effects are not estimated using our approach. The model is implemented in an R package that is designed to analyze uncertainty not only arising from imputed SNPs, but also from copy number variants.
Parallel imaging improves the image quality and duct visibility of breathhold two‐dimensional thick‐slab MR cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Lee Ju Hee , Lee Seung Soo , Kim Joo Young , Kim In Seong , Byun Jae Ho , Park Seong Ho , Lee Moon‐Gyu 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of parallel imaging (PI) with different acceleration factors on the image quality and duct visibility of breathhold two‐dimensional (2D) thick‐slab single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (SSTSE) MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images.Materials and MethodsBreathhold 2D thick‐slab SSTSE MRCP was performed three times, i.e., without PI, with PI factor 2, and with PI factor 3, at 1.5 Tesla (T) for each of 85 patients. Two, independent readers evaluated the image quality and the visibility of five duct segments and ranked their preference of the three MRCP sequences. The data were analyzed using the repeated‐measures analysis of variance test, the Friedman test, and the linear‐by‐linear chi‐square test.ResultsMRCP sequences with PI factor 2 or 3 generated better image quality (P < 0.001) and an improved duct visibility for all duct segments (P ≤ 0.01), while no significant difference was noted between the MRCP sequences with PI factor 2 and PI factor 3 (P > 0.05). Among the three sequences, both readers most often preferred the MRCP with PI factor 3, followed by the MRCP with PI factor 2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe application of PI improves the image quality and duct visibility in breathhold 2D thick‐slab SSTSE MRCP. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:269–275. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the woodchuck model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ochoa‐Callejero Laura , Toshkov Ilia , Menne Stephan , Martínez Alfredo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a central role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of MMPs occurs during development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans following infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Woodchucks are used as an animal model for hepadnavirus‐induced HCC. All woodchucks infected chronically with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a virus that is closely related to HBV, develop HCC. In the present study MMPs and related molecules were investigated in woodchucks to better understand the mechanisms of extracellular matrix remodeling in HCC. Three groups of samples were studied: liver and HCC tissues from animals infected with WHV and age‐ and gender‐matched normal liver from animals not infected with WHV. New partial gene sequences for woodchuck MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 as well as their inhibitors NGAL, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 were identified and used for determination of expression levels in liver and HCC by qRT‐PCR. Compared to liver of WHV‐naïve woodchucks, high levels of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, NGAL, and TIMP‐1 were detected in liver of animals infected with WHV. However, no differences were found for TIMP‐2. MMP‐9 expression was higher in HCC than in liver of animals not infected with WHV. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that MMP‐9 immunoreactivity was most intense in HCC, correlating with the progression of liver disease. Upregulation of MMP‐9 in HCC was confirmed by Western blotting and zymography analysis. Furthermore, the activity of woodchuck MMPs was suppressed by BiPS, a common inhibitor of mammalian MMPs. These results suggest the use of MMP inhibitors as a potential HCC treatment strategy that could be explored in woodchucks. J. Med. Virol. 85:1127–1138, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of chlorine dioxide gas for the postharvest control of Alternaria alternata and Stemphylium vesicarium on Roma tomatoes
Authors: Trinetta Valentina , Linton Richard H , Morgan Mark T 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomatoes and potatoes are the top produce affected in terms of value lost in the USA. Postharvest losses can occur anywhere from the time of harvest to the consumers' decision to eat or discard the food. These data support the importance of finding sustainable strategies to minimise food waste and preserve resources. This study evaluated the potential application of chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) technology to control the postharvest spoilage of Roma tomatoes by Alternaria alternata and Stemphylium vesicarium.RESULTSData analysis showed that exposure time was a significant factor for fungal disease control (P < 0.05). After 3 min of treatment, mycelial growth was completely inhibited for A. alternata and S. vesicarium. Similar results were observed for conidial germination. The efficacy of ClO2 treatments was also studied under in vivo conditions. While untreated Roma tomatoes developed white moulds and black spots after 5 days of storage, produce decay was significantly (P < 0.05) delayed after 5 and 7 min treatments for S. vesicarium and A. alternata respectively.CONCLUSIONThe use of ClO2 in the food industry is regulated by both the FDA and the EPA. Currently, only acidified sodium chlorite solutions are approved for the control of micro‐organisms in water used to wash fruits and vegetables. No direct applications of ClO2 gas on fresh fruits and vegetables can be found in the regulations. More data are required by the two agencies to demonstrate that residues of ClO2 on produce surfaces are acceptable for human consumption. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced production of pigments by addition of surfactants in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus H1102
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Zhang Bobo , Lu Liping , Huang Yan , Xu Ganrong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of pigments by Monascus spp. has attracted increasing attention. Modification of the cell membrane structure by addition of surfactants has proved to be effective for the secretion of intracellular metabolites. Hence in this study the effects and underlying mechanism of surfactants on the production of pigments in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus H1102 were systematically investigated.RESULTSVarious surfactants exerted significant but different impacts on the biomass and production of pigments. The maximum production of pigment (304.3 U mL−1) and highest extracellular/intracellular pigment ratio (1.46) were achieved when 15 g L−1 Triton X‐100 was added at 24 h of fermentation, corresponding to significant increases of 88.4 and 240% respectively compared with the control. Meanwhile, the concentration of citrinin (0.94 mg L−1) was 20.6% lower than that of the control. A further study on the fatty acid composition of M. purpureus H1102 showed that the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and the index of unsaturated fatty acid increased significantly with the addition of Triton X‐100.CONCLUSIONThe addition of surfactant Triton X‐100 could greatly enhance the production of pigment. It was suggested that Triton X‐100 facilitated the secretion of intracellular pigment and therefore enhanced pigment production accordingly.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential risk factors and outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter placement after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion
Authors: Vainrib Michael , Simma‐Chiang Vannita , Boyd Stuart D. , Ginsberg David A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a known possibility after radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) urinary diversion. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes and complications of patients who underwent artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement for treatment of SUI and evaluated potential risk factors (PRFs) for AUS failure.MethodsPatients who underwent AUS placement after RC/ONB from 1994 to 2009 were identified. Variables evaluated included: demographics, cancer type, AUS characteristics, urinary incontinence (UI), revision procedures data, and PRFs for AUS failure.ResultsDemographic data was reviewed on 36 patients. Mean age at AUS placement was 72 (58–79) years. Mean time to AUS after RC/ONB was 28 (2–120) months. Mean follow up after AUS was 40 (2–132) months. TCC was the indication for RC in 94% of patients. The most commonly placed AUS cuff and reservoir size was 4.5 cm and 61–70 H2O, respectively. Incontinence data was available in 29 patients. Pre‐AUS placement 22, 3, and 4 patients were totally, daytime and nighttime only incontinent, respectively. Post‐AUS placement, incontinence persisted in 5, 1, and 2 patients with total, daytime and nighttime incontinence, respectively. Prior to AUS placement 11/36 patients received chemotherapy and 10/36 had radiation. Mean time to the first revision/explantation due to UI/erosion/infection/malfunction was an average of 28 (3–96) months after AUS placement and occurred in 21/35 (60%) patients. There was no significant correlation noted between PRFs and UI pre‐/post‐AUS or between PRFs and the need for AUS revision.ConclusionsAUS is a safe, effective treatment with an acceptable complication rate for patients after RC/ONB with SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 1010–1013, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of weight loss and exercise on angiogenic factors in the circulation and in adipose tissue in obese subjects
Authors: Cullberg KB , Christiansen T , Paulsen SK , Bruun JM , Pedersen SB , Richelsen B 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground:Vascular growth is a prerequisite for adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion. Some AT cytokines and hormones have effects on vascular development, like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A), angiopoietin (ANG‐1), ANG‐2 and angiopoietin‐like protein‐4 (ANGPTL‐4).Methods:In this study, the independent and combined effects of diet‐induced weight loss and exercise on AT gene expression and proteins levels of those angiogenic factors were investigated. Seventy‐nine obese males and females were randomized to: 1. Exercise‐only (EXO; 12‐weeks exercise without diet‐restriction), 2. Hypocaloric diet (DIO; 8‐weeks very low energy diet (VLED) + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet) and 3. Hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8‐weeks VLED + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 weeks). Blood samples and fat biopsies were taken before and after the intervention.Results:Weight loss was 3.5 kg in the EXO group and 12.3 kg in the DIO and DEX groups. VEGF‐A protein was non‐significantly reduced in the weight loss groups. ANG‐1 protein levels were significantly reduced 22‐25% after all three interventions (P < 0.01). The ANG‐1/ANG‐2 ratio was also decreased in all three groups (P < 0.05) by 27‐38%. ANGPTL‐4 was increased in the EXO group (15%, P < 0.05) and 9% (P < 0.05) in the DIO group. VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, and ANGPTL‐4 were all expressed in human AT, but only ANGPTL‐4 was influenced by the interventions.Conclusions:Our data show that serum VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, ANG‐2, and ANGPTL‐4 levels are influenced by weight changes, indicating the involvement of these factors in the obese state. Moreover, it was found that weight loss generally was associated with a reduced angiogenic activity in the circulation.
A risk adjusted cost‐effectiveness analysis of alternative models of nurse involvement in obesity management in primary care
Authors: Karnon J. , Afzali H. Haji Ali , Gray J. , Holton C. , Banham D. , Beilby J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Controlled evaluations are subject to uncertainty regarding their replication in the real world, particularly around systems of service provision. Using routinely collected data, we undertook a risk adjusted cost‐effectiveness (RAC‐E) analysis of alternative applied models of primary health care for the management of obese adult patients. Models were based on the reported level of involvement of practice nurses (registered or enrolled nurses working in general practice) in the provision of clinical‐based activities.Design and Methods:Linked, routinely collected clinical data describing clinical outcomes (weight, BMI, and obesity‐related complications) and resource use (primary care, pharmaceutical, and hospital resource use) were collected. Potential confounders were controlled for using propensity weighted regression analyses.Results:Relative to low level involvement of practice nurses in the provision of clinical‐based activities to obese patients, high level involvement was associated with lower costs and better outcomes (more patients losing weight, and larger mean reductions in BMI). Excluding hospital costs, high level practice nurse involvement was associated with slightly higher costs. Incrementally, the high level model gets one additional obese patient to lose weight at an additional cost of $6,741, and reduces mean BMI by an additional one point at an additional cost of $563 (upper 95% confidence interval $1,547).Conclusion:Converted to quality adjusted life year (QALY) gains, the results provide a strong indication that increased involvement of practice nurses in clinical activities is associated with additional health benefits that are achieved at reasonable additional cost. Dissemination activities and incentives are required to encourage general practices to better integrate practice nurses in the active provision of clinical services.