bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain mediated ultra-high electron mobility in Ge-doped two-dimensional Ga2O3
Authors: Zeng H. , Ma C. , Wu M. 
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) Ga2O3 has been of particular interest recently since it exhibits overwhelming superiority over bulk β-Ga2O3; however, efforts to modify the carriers of 2D Ga2O3 are few both theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we study the biaxial strain mediated electronic structures and transport properties of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 using first-principles calculations with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional and Boltzmann transport theory. The Ge-doped Ga2O3 shows excellent structure stability as suggested by its low formation energy of −3.99 eV, as well as phonon dispersion analysis and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation. The bandgap values of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 are tunable from 2.37 to 1.30 eV using biaxial strain from −8% compressive to +8% tensile because of the changeable σ* anti-bonding and π bonding states in the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, respectively, as well as the decreased quantum confinement effect. Importantly, an ultra-high electron mobility up to 6893.43 cm2 V−1 s−1 is predicated in Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 as the biaxial tensile strain approaches 8%. Our work highlights the enormous potential of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 in nanoscale electronics and suggests that Ge is an excellent dopant candidate toward optoelectronic applications.
All-thin film nano-optoelectronic p-GeSn/i-GeSn/n-GeBi heterojunction for near-infrared photodetection and terahertz modulation
Authors: Zhang Dainan , Zheng Youbin , Liao Yulong , Liu Cheng , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: August 2024

High-performance alloy thin films and large-sized thin film wafers for infrared applications are the focus of international researchers. In this study, doped Ge1−xSnx and Ge1−yBiy semiconductor alloy films were grown on a 5-in. silicon (Si) wafer using high-quality Ge films as buffer layers. An efficient technique is presented to reduce the dark current density of near-infrared photoelectric devices. By using boron for p-type doping in Ge1−xSnx films and bismuth (Bi) for n-type doping in Ge1−yBiy films, an all-thin film planar nano-p-i-n optoelectronic device with the structure n-Ge1−yBiy/i-GeSn/p-Ge1−xSnx/Ge buffer/Si substrate has been successfully fabricated. The photoelectric performance of the device was tested, and it was found that the insertion of p-Ge1−xSnx/Ge films reduced the dark current density by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The maximum photoresponsivity reached up to 0.8 A/W, and the infrared photocurrent density ranged from 904 to 935 μA/cm2 under a +1 V bias voltage. Furthermore, the device is capable of modulating a terahertz wave using a voltage signal with a modulation bandwidth of 1.2 THz and a modulation depth of ∼83%, while the modulation rate is 0.5 MHz. This not only provides a clear demonstration of how doped alloy films and the development of nano-p-i-n heterojunctions will improve photoelectric devices’ performance in the near-infrared and terahertz bands, but it also raises the possibility of optoelectronic interconnection applications being achieved through a single device.
Prospect of Hexagonal CsMg(I1–xBrx)3 Alloys for Deep-Ultraviolet Light Emission
Authors: Xu 徐 Siyuan 思源 , Liu 刘 Zheng 政 , Xu 徐 Xun 勋 , Wei 魏 Su-Huai 苏淮 , Guo 郭 Yuzheng 宇铮 , Zhang 张 Xie 燮 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Materials for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light emission are extremely rare, significantly limiting the development of efficient DUV light-emitting diodes. Here we report CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 alloys as potential DUV light emitters. Based on rigorous first-principles hybrid functional calculations, we find that CsMgI3 has an indirect bandgap, while CsMgBr3 has a direct bandgap. Further, we employ a band unfolding technique for alloy supercell calculations to investigate the critical Br concentration in CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 associated with the crossover from an indirect to a direct bandgap, which is found to be ∼ 0.36. Thus, CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 alloys with 0.36 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 cover a wide range of direct bandgap (4.38–5.37 eV; 284–231 nm), falling well into the DUV regime. Our study will guide the development of efficient DUV light emitters.
Effect of oxygen on the discharge characteristics of argon doped ethanol plasma jet and its application in surface modification of polyimide films
Authors: Jiao Jianqiang , Xia Wenjie , Wu Jinxin , He Bin , Tian Hao , Liu Yifan , Xu Guizhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Doping a small amount of ethanol gas (EtOH) in argon can change the argon plasma jet from filamentary discharge mode to diffuse discharge mode, and further doping of trace oxygen can significantly enhance the composition and content of oxygen-containing active particles in the argon plasma. Based on this, the discharge characteristics of Ar + EtOH plasma jet under different concentrations of oxygen doping and its effect on the surface modification effect of polyimide (PI) films were investigated in this paper. It was found that the discharge characteristics of Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet deteriorate with the increase of oxygen doping concentration, but the oxygen doping concentration of 0–4000 ppm can still be stable, diffuse and the gas temperature is close to room temperature. Through the water contact angle (WCA) measurement and peel strength test, it was found that when the oxygen doping concentration was 800 ppm, the Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet treatment for 180 s had the best effect on the improvement of surface wettability and adhesion of the PI films, and the WCA was reduced from ∼71.9° to ∼17.6°. At the same time, the peel strength was increased from 122 N m−1 to 418 N m−1, which is an increase of ∼243%. Combined with the material characterization analysis, it was found that the surface roughness of the PI films was enhanced and more C–O and C=O bonds were grafted on the surface after the Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet treatment. Finally, through the two-dimensional axisymmetric argon-doped ethanol plasma jet hydrodynamic simulation analysis, it was found that when the working gas Ar + EtOH was doped with 800 ppm O2, the number density of OH did not change much, but the number density of O2
− was about 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of the non-doped O2. The mechanism that Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet could improve more wettability and bonding of PI films in a shorter treatment time was revealed.
Critical current of a layered high-temperature superconductor with tilted irradiation defects
Authors: Maksimova A N , Moroz A N , Rudnev I A , Pokrovskii S V , Kashurnikov V A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Current–voltage characteristics of a superconductor with tilted irradiation defects in a dc magnetic field have been calculated using the Monte Carlo method in the framework of the three-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor (HTS). The dependences of the critical current on the magnitude of the external magnetic field have been calculated from the current–voltage characteristics using the 1 μV/cm criterion. The defects were tilted both along the direction of vortex entry into the sample (the x-direction) and perpendicular to it (the y-direction). It has been shown that these dependences have weak maxima near the lower critical field for defects tilted along the x-axis. There were no such maxima for non-tilted defects. Defects tilted along the y-axis were more effective for enhancing the critical current of the HTS under study.
Structural, electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of XIn2M4 (X = Cd, Zn; M = S, Se, Te) spinels for solar cell and thermoelectric devices: first-principles study
Authors: Jamaï Ibtissam , Ziati Meryem , Bekkioui Naoual , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of XIn2M4 compounds (X = Cd, Zn; M = S, Se, Te), along with thermoelectric and thermodynamic characteristics are studied based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) implemented in wien2k simulation program. Band structure calculations, using the modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB-mBJ), indicate that CdIn2S4 and ZnIn2S4 compounds exhibited indirect band gaps of 2.294 eV and 2.240 eV, respectively. Substituting S with Se and Te lowered the indirect band gap values of XIn2S4 to 1.565 eV, 1.606 eV, 0.277 eV, and 0.219 eV for CdIn2Se4, ZnIn2Se4, CdIn2Te4, and ZnIn2Te4, respectively. Additionally, the compounds demonstrated high absorption in the UV-Visible region. All the studied compounds showed an excellent structural and thermodynamic stability, as indicated by their negative formation energies. Thermoelectric properties are investigated via Boltzmann transport theory. The observed range of the figure of merit, which spans from 0.725 to 0.803 at 300K, serves as evidence that these materials exhibit favorable qualities for thermoelectric applications. Moreover, this behavior not only underscores the potential of the investigated materials but also positions them as promising contenders for utilization in visible-light solar cell devices.
On the SH0 directivity of an array with flexible PZT transducers for beam steering control
Authors: Guerra-Bravo Esteban , Baltazar Arturo , Kim Jin-Yeon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Shear horizontal (SH) guided waves find numerous applications for continuous health monitoring in plate-like structures in contact with a liquid due to limited acoustic energy leaking. This research focuses on the fundamental SH0 mode for its practical advantages over the higher SH and Lamb wave modes. The acoustic transducers considered in this research are rectangular flexible PZT transducers that can be attached permanently to the plate even when there is slight waviness or surface curvature. A single transducer with these characteristics can produce a very complex acoustic field topology. To control directivity and beam focusing, the use of an array of flexible transducers is studied. The directivity was estimated using a proposed semi-analytical method, combining an exact formal solution and numerical source stress distributions obtained using the finite element method. The estimated directivity was validated with experimental tests and applied to detect a through-hole discontinuity in a thin aluminum plate. Results show that the directivity of the main lobe from the 2-MFC array exhibits a spatial filtering effect with angular and amplitude variations, improving focusing and enhancing sensitivity and resolution to discontinuities compared to a single transducer. Finally, the potential application of a linear array formed by 2-MFC subarrays to beam steering using beamforming theory is numerically investigated.
Dimensionality dependence study of Co-B based co-catalyst over g − C
3
N
4 towards photocatalytic activity
Authors: Bhagat B R , Dashora Alpa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The metal-semiconductor heterostructure has gained interest in the photocatalytic community due to the necessity of comprehending charge dynamics at the interface and the impact of co-catalyst's dimensionality change on the efficiency of photocatalyst . High photocatalytic efficiency attributed to effective charge carrier separation during water splitting, a systematic in-depth study to relate reaction overpotential and interface interaction is performed over 0D-2D and 2D-2D metal-semiconductor heterojunction using density functional theory. Decoration of g − C
3
N
4 with CoB-based clusters (4 and 8 atoms) and slab alter electronic and optical properties. Formation of metal-semiconductor junction based on the work-function difference leads to downward band bending and generates an interfacial electric field (E

if
). Dimensionality and size of metallic co-catalyst highly change the E

if
direction which affects the migration of the charge carriers. Formation of a large number of reactive sites on either surface due to π-conjugation, and feasibility in electron migration from metal surface imparts reduction/oxidation potential to the surfaces of heterostructure. The presence of such significant properties not only shows an application of studied samples in efficient Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reaction (HER/OER) but also briefs about the physics at the interface and the importance of the type of contact between co-catalyst and photocatalyst.
Enhancing trustworthiness and reliability: advance explainable artificial intelligence framework for real world Sclerosis detection
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Mujahid Muhammad , Rehman Amjad , Alamri Faten S , Ayesha Noor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this era, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is being employed in many health-related problems, but it faces challenges because most models produce results that are opaque and interpretable. The goal of explainable AI is to make machine learning, and deep learning models more understandable and accessible to people. Consequently, there is a pressing need for XAI models to enhance trust, given its increasing popularity in the field of medical artificial intelligence. This study explores the XAI nature of machine learning for disease prediction, with a particular focus on transparency and reliability of the results. The study examines the interpretability of artificial intelligence, focusing on issues such as bias, equality, and system reliability. The main theme is to minimize errors, disparities in human understanding, and use artificial intelligence in disease prediction to improve the outcomes for medical patients. The XAI methods were validated on Sclerosis predictions using two important models with fine-tuning their hyperparameters. The experiments demonstrated that the XAI methods outperformed the existing methods, achieving impressive results in terms of accuracy, recall, f1 score, precision, and AUC. The proposed approach achieved 98.53% accuracy using 75%–25% hold-out splitting, and 98.14% accuracy using 10-fold validation. This semantic approach is superior to previous methods by showing the abundance of correct predictions and demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting multiple sclerosis in the real world.
Transparent and lead-free Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses for photon and neutron shielding applications
Authors: Prabhu Srilakshmi , Bharadwaj Dhanya Y , Rajaramakrishna R , S G Bubbly , Gudennavar S B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The exploration of trivalent rare-earth ion-doped lithium calcium borate glasses has surged recently due to their potential applications in solid-state lasers, medical imaging, and radiation shielding. This study focuses on transparent and lead-free Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses for their efficacy as versatile radiation shields. Glasses with the chemical composition 50(Li2O): 20(CaO): 30−x(B2O3): x(Dy2O3) (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mol% Dy2O3) were investigated. The structural changes in the lithium calcium borate glasses with Dy2O3 were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra of the synthesized glass samples. Experimental mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the glasses have been determined using NaI(Tl) detector spectrometer in the energy range of 0.356–1.332 MeV. Photon interaction parameters were computed using PAGEX software in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Relative dose distribution (RDD) and specific absorbed fraction of energy (SAFE) were also investigated. Additionally, macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections (﻿

Σ

R

) were computed to estimate neutron shielding efficiencies. The sample with 1 mol% Dy2O3(LBD1), displayed superior photon and neutron attenuation properties. Glasses with lower Dy2O3 doping concentrations (≤1 mol%) showed comparable half-value layer and effective atomic number to reference materials with higher doping concentrations. Increasing Dy2O3 doping concentration improved photon shielding parameters, with

Σ

R

values ranging from 0.1460 to 0.1475 cm−1, higher than those of ordinary concrete, RS-360, and other reference materials. The results highlight the potential of Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses as effective radiation shields. Further investigations on chemical combinations and Dy2O3 doping concentrations are warranted to fabricate glasses with enhanced properties.
Quantum-coherence-assisted dynamical phase transition in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model
Authors: Xu 徐 Bao-Ming 宝明 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum coherence will undoubtedly play a fundamental role in understanding the dynamics of quantum many-body systems; therefore, to be able to reveal its genuine contribution is of great importance. In this paper, we focus our discussions on the one-dimensional transverse field quantum Ising model initialized in the coherent Gibbs state, and investigate the effects of quantum coherence on dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT). After quenching the strength of the transverse field, the effects of quantum coherence are studied using Fisher zeros and the rate function of the Loschmidt echo. We find that quantum coherence not only recovers DQPT destroyed by thermal fluctuations, but also generates some entirely new DQPTs, which are independent of the equilibrium quantum critical point. We also find that the Fisher zero cutting the imaginary axis is not sufficient to generate DQPT because it also requires the Fisher zeros to be tightly bound close enough to the neighborhood of the imaginary axis. It can be manifested that DQPTs are rooted in quantum fluctuations. This work reveals new information on the fundamental connection between quantum critical phenomena and quantum coherence.
A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma in the double-cone ignition scheme
Authors: Chen 陈 Zhong-Yi 忠义 , Zhao 赵 Kai-Ge 凯歌 , Li 李 Ying-Jun 英骏 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma is proposed to describe the effect of injected fast electrons on the temperature and inner pressure of the plasma in the fast heating process of the double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme. Due to the collision of the two low-density plasmas, the density and volume of the high-density plasma vary. Therefore, the ignition temperature and energy requirement of the high-density plasma vary at different moments, and the required energy for hot electrons to heat the plasma also changes. In practical experiments, the energy input of hot electrons needs to be considered. To reduce the energy input of hot electrons, the optimal moment and the shortest time for injecting hot electrons with minimum energy are analyzed. In this paper, it is proposed to inject hot electrons for a short time to heat the high-density plasma to a relatively high temperature. Then, the alpha particles with the high heating rate and PdV work heat the plasma to the ignition temperature, further reducing the energy required to inject hot electrons. The study of the injection time of fast electrons can reduce the energy requirement of fast electrons for the high-density plasma and increase the probability of successful ignition of the high-density plasma.
Semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of
in the covariant light-front approach*
Authors: Wang 王 Si-Yang 思洋 , Yang 杨 You-Ya 幽雅 , Sun 孙 Zhi-Jie 志杰 , Yang 杨 Hao 浩 , Li 李 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Zhi-Qing 志清 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of the b-flavor vector mesons

and

are investigated within the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). By calculating the form factors of the transitions

under the CLFQM, with P denoting a pseudoscalar meson, i.e.,

, we predict and discuss several physical observables, including the branching ratios, polarization fractions

, and forward-backward asymmetries

. The total widths of the single-photon radiative decay channels for these b-flavor vector mesons are estimated using their partial widths. In these considered decays, one can find that the semileptonic decays

and

, with

being e or

, and the nonleptonic channels

have the largest branching ratios, which can reach up to the 10-7 order, and are most likely to be accessible at the future high-luminosity LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Mechanical and thermal stimulation for studying the somatosensory system: a review on devices and methods
Authors: Sperduti M , Tagliamonte N L , Taffoni F , Guglielmelli E , Zollo L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The somatosensory system is widely studied to understand its functioning mechanisms. Multiple tests, based on different devices and methods, have been performed not only on humans but also on animals and ex-vivo models. Depending on the nature of the sample under analysis and on the scientific aims of interest, several solutions for experimental stimulation and for investigations on sensation or pain have been adopted. In this review paper, an overview of the available devices and methods has been reported, also analyzing the representative values adopted during literature experiments. Among the various physical stimulations used to study the somatosensory system, we focused only on mechanical and thermal ones. Based on the analysis of their main features and on literature studies, we pointed out the most suitable solution for humans, rodents, and ex-vivo models and investigation aims (sensation and pain).
An investigation on lift characteristics of contour-generated sealed slat with iced front
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Liu Cangsong , Han Zhirong , Cheng Changfu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The high-lift leading-edge device of the contour-generated sealed slat enhances the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. To analyze the lift characteristics of this slat before and after icing, a hydrodynamic calculation method was employed to obtain the flow field for both the multi-element airfoils with contour-generated sealed slat and the conventional slat. The resulting changes in lift coefficient for these two airfoils were examined. The findings revealed that ice formation on the slat leads to airflow separation, causing a decrease in lift for both the main wing and flap. However, due to its design without a slit between the main wing and slat, which inhibits high-pressure airflow from forming a high-speed jet on the upper surface of the main wing through this slit, significant pressure reduction on its lower surface is prevented by sealed slats. Consequently, compared to conventional slats after icing, less loss was observed in the lift coefficient for contour-generated sealed slats.
Feasibility verification of a vertically foldable propeller
Authors: Zhou Li , Chen Xiangchun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study designs a vertically folding paddle to reduce the lateral dimensions of the hollow-wheeled multi-rotor flying vehicle, minimize the impact of the paddles on the carrying platform, and enhance its capacity to maneuver through tight places when walking on the ground. Force analysis is used with the rotor’s known kinematic characteristics to determine the paddle blade’s efficiency at various throttle settings. To confirm the design’s viability, a test platform is constructed, the motion data of the vertically folding paddle is recorded, and the effectiveness of the two paddles is examined.