bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethyl pyruvate significantly inhibits tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and high mobility group box 1 releasing and attenuates sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis associated with acute lung injury
Authors: Luan Z-G , Zhang J , Yin X-H , Ma X-C , Guo R-X 
Published: January 2013

Summary
In this study, we examined the effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on pulmonary inflammation in rats with severe pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced in rats by the retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Rats were randomly divided into the following experimental groups: control group, SAP group and EP-treated group. The tissue specimens were harvested for morphological studies, Streptavidin–peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination. Pancreatic or lung tissue oedema was evaluated by tissue water content. Serum amylase and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and HMGB1 protein expression levels in the lung were studied. In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment with EP after SAP was associated with a reduction in the severity of SAP and lung injury. Treatment with EP significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1 and ameliorated MDA concentration, MPO activity in the lung in SAP rats. Compared to SAP group, administration of EP prevented pancreatitis-induced increases in nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the lung. Similarly, treatment with EP significantly decreased the accumulation of neutrophils and markedly reduced the enhanced lung permeability. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that EP might play a therapeutic role in pulmonary inflammation in this SAP model.
Atrial aspiration from pulmonary and caval veins is caused by ventricular contraction and secures 70% of the total stroke volume independent of resting heart rate and heart size
Authors: Steding‐Ehrenborg K. , Carlsson M. , Stephensen S. , Arheden H. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundWhereas ventricular filling has been extensively studied and debated, atrial filling is less well characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify atrial filling secured during ventricular diastole and systole, and to investigate whether atrial filling depends on heart rate (HR) and total heart volume (THV).MethodsThirty‐two athletes (16 women) and 32 normal subjects (16 women) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac volumes and atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) were determined. Longitudinal and radial contribution to stroke volume was calculated using planimetry and used to determine diastolic and systolic atrial filling.ResultsAtrial filling during ventricular diastole was 29 ± 10% of the total stroke volume, and during ventricular systole atrial filling was 68 ± 8% of the total stroke volume. There were no differences between groups of different HR (P = 0·70 and P = 0·41 for diastolic and systolic filling, respectively) or THV (P = 0·44 and P = 0·46 for diastolic and systolic filling, respectively). Systolic atrial filling was strongly correlated to longitudinal ventricular pumping (R = 0·76, P<0·001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that in healthy humans at rest, approximately 30% of the total stroke volume enters the atria during ventricular diastole and approximately 70% during systole, independent of heart rate (HR) or heart size. The atria are filled through suction driven by ventricular longitudinal contraction which aspirates blood from the pulmonary and caval veins. As 70% of the atrial filling occurs during ventricular emptying, the heart volume remains relatively constant over the cardiac cycle, which minimizes pulling on surrounding tissues and therefore optimizes energy expenditure.
Shear bond strength of one‐step self‐etch adhesives to enamel: effect of acid pretreatment
Authors: Poggio Claudio , Scribante Andrea , Della Zoppa Federica , Colombo Marco , Beltrami Riccardo , Chiesa Marco 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of surface pretreatment with phosphoric acid on the enamel bond strength of four‐one‐step self‐etch adhesives with different pH values.Material and methodsOne hundred bovine permanent mandibular incisors were used. The materials used in this study included four‐one‐step self‐etch adhesives with different pH values: Adper™ Easy Bond Self‐Etch Adhesive (ph = 0,8‐1), Futurabond NR (ph = 1,4), G‐aenial Bond (ph = 1,5), Clearfil3S Bond (ph = 2,7). One two‐step self‐etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond/ph = 0,8‐1) was used as control. The teeth were assigned into two subgroups according to bonding procedure. In the first subgroup (n = 50), no pretreatment agent was applied. In the second subgroup (n = 50), etching was performed using 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s. After adhesive systems application, a nanohybrid composite resin was inserted into the enamel surface. The specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Model 3343, Instron Corp., Canton, Mass., USA). After the testing procedure, the fractured surfaces were examined with an optical microscope at a magnification of 10× to determine failure modes. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to assess the amount of adhesive left on the enamel surface.ResultsDescriptive statistics of the shear bond strength and frequency distribution of ARI scores were calculated.ConclusionsEnamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid significantly increased bond strength values of all the adhesives tested. No significant differences in bond strength were detected among the four different one‐step self‐etch adhesives with different pH. Two‐step self‐etch adhesive showed the highest bond strength.
Fish assemblages of an African river floodplain: a test of alternative models of community structure
Authors: Jackson Andrew T. , Adite Alphonse , Roach Katherine A. , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the Oueme River, a lowland river in Benin, Africa, artificial ponds constructed in the floodplain (whedos) are colonised during the high‐water period by a presumably random sample of fishes from the river channel. As water slowly recedes from the floodplain, fishes are isolated in whedos until they are harvested near the end of the dry season. We surveyed fishes in whedos and adjacent main‐channel and floodplain habitats during two low‐water periods (2008 and 2009) and one falling‐water period (2010–2011) to evaluate the relevance of four alternative metacommunity models to these systems. In 2010–2011, we also measured a suite of physicochemical variables including dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific conductivity and per cent cover of aquatic vegetation. Whedos were covered with dense growth of aquatic vegetation, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower in whedos and a natural floodplain depression compared with the main channel. Multivariate analyses revealed that habitat types were distinct with regard to assemblage structure and abiotic conditions. Assemblages in whedos and natural floodplain depressions were differentiated from those of the river channel, with the floodplain habitats being dominated by piscivorous fishes that tolerate aquatic hypoxia. Dispersal, aquatic hypoxia and predation act in concert to shape local community structure. Patch dynamics, species sorting and mass effect models all were consistent with patterns in fish assemblage structure in this system. We conclude that the underlying mechanisms of drift, speciation, selection and dispersal ultimately may be more useful for explaining patterns in ecological communities than alternative metacommunity models.
Magnetic resonance features of closed head trauma in two foals
Authors: De Zani D. , Zani D. D. , Binanti D. , Riccaboni P. , Rondena M. , Di Giancamillo M. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTwo foals were admitted for neurological signs after trauma. Clinical and diagnostic investigations were performed that were suggestive of closed head trauma characterised by right parietal bone deviation (ping‐pong fracture), cerebral contusion, haematoma and cerebellar contusion. The histopathological findings were consistent with areas of abnormal signal found on magnetic resonance investigations.
Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse
Authors: Garcia E. B. , Rademacher N. , McCauley C. T. , Gaschen L. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryA 7‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was referred for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging due to chronic left hindlimb lameness localised to the foot. On presentation, a previously undiagnosed draining tract was identified at the plantar aspect of the pastern. Radiographs revealed severe osteolysis of the navicular bone. Positive contrast MR fistulography was performed using a gadolinium based contrast agent following conventional MR imaging of the left hind foot. Fistulography allowed characterisation of a fistulous tract, which was closely associated with the deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bursa and osteomyelitis of the navicular bone.
Breaking the Mold and Picking Up the Pieces: Rights of Parenthood and Parentage in Nontraditional Families
Authors: DiFonzo J. Herbie , Stern Ruth C. 
Published: January 2013

The past few decades have shown us myriad ways to form a family. Married couples and their biological offspring no longer define the dominant model, nor do they constitute the majority of domestic arrangements. But while contemporary culture tends to applaud social diversity, we cannot be certain that novel, highly individualized family formation is always consonant with child well‐being. Further, courts and legislatures have been slow to acknowledge and accommodate domestic diversity. When judges and lawmakers do confer parental rights on a particular class of individuals, the results are not always equitable or even logical. The era of the traditional nuclear family may be past, but the task of legitimating, recognizing, and strengthening new parent–child bonds is just beginning.

Even in light of its decreasing relevance, the nuclear family model continues to shape our perception of what a family should look like.
The presence of a biological tie between parent and child is not always dispositive of parental rights.
Despite the prevalence of nontraditional family forms, the notion of de facto parenthood continues to be hotly contested.
Stepparent families are America's fastest growing domestic arrangement. Yet, courts and legislatures are slow to accord legal status to nonbiological coparents, whether married or cohabiting.
The use of assisted reproductive technology is on the rise among same‐sex couples as well as infertile couples and single parents. These families are greatly in need of legal definition and validation in order to function and survive as families.
Taking Stock of Parent Education in the Family Courts: Envisioning a Public Health Approach
Authors: Salem Peter , Sandler Irwin , Wolchik Sharlene 
Published: January 2013

This article reviews the development and current status of the parent education movement in the family courts. Parent education programs are now being implemented in courts throughout the United States and have a high level of public acceptance; however, a stronger research methodology to evaluate the effects and continued work to align the goals with the content and teaching strategies of these programs are needed. A new conceptual framework is proposed for parent education, which views divorce as a public health problem for children as well as a legal issue. The three‐level framework uses concepts from public health to align the goals, content, and format of parent education programs and to enable rigorous evaluations of the outcomes achieved by these programs.

Educational programs for separated and divorcing parents are widely disseminated, popular, and diverse in their structure, goals, and teaching strategies.
To enhance the value of parent education programs, a more cohesive approach to program development and rigorous evaluation is needed to work toward dissemination of evidence‐based programs.
A model is proposed to integrate concepts from public health into court‐affiliated parent education programs.
Trick or Treat: Why Minors Engaged in Prostitution Should Be Treated as Victims, Not Criminals
Authors: Mir Tanya 
Published: January 2013

Minors performing commercial sex acts are deemed victims of human trafficking according to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. However, prosecutors and judges continue to charge and adjudicate American minors as prostitution offenders instead of treating them as sexually exploited youths. These victims have typically suffered from sexual abuse, poverty, and other trauma and are especially vulnerable to pimps and traffickers. They suffer from physical and sexual violence, as well as psychological and emotional problems, thus deserving specialized social services in order to recover their lives. In order to stop the perpetuation and revictimization of sexually exploited youth, states should join the movement in passing Safe Harbor laws, modeled on existing New York law. The law presumes that minors charged with prostitution are victims and children in need of social services and allocates discretion in carefully defined circumstances when a judge concludes a minor charged with prostitution is not capable of rehabilitation by services alone.

Several states have passed Safe Harbor legislation which functions to identify minors involved in prostitution as victims of commercial sexual exploitation.
In order to best protect victims of sex trafficking, states should follow the progress made by New York and pass Safe Harbor statutes that will create a presumption of immunity for prostituted minors, thus providing discretion to allocate social services or order a juvenile delinquency petition depending on the circumstances of the case.
Visual Evoked Potentials in Interictal Migraine: No Confirmation of Abnormal Habituation
Authors: Omland Petter M. , Nilsen Kristian B. , Uglem Martin , Gravdahl Gøril , Linde Mattias , Hagen Knut , Sand Trond 
Published: January 2013

Objective.We intended to study the effect of check size on visual evoked potential habituation in interictal migraine, using the faster 3 per second reversal rate and an improved analytic procedure with block‐number blinding.Background.Habituation in migraineurs has been extensively studied with visual evoked potentials. Despite discrepant results, possibly related to the use of different stimulus conditions, lack of habituation in the period between attacks is presently considered to be a neurophysiological hallmark of migraine.Methods.Midoccipital monocular visual evoked potentials were recorded and analyzed in 27 interictal migraineurs and 34 healthy controls using a blinded study design. Small 8′ checks and large 65′ checks were applied in random order, both with 3 reversals per second. Six consecutive blocks of 100 responses were recorded for each check size. N70‐P100 and P100‐N145 peak‐to‐peak amplitudes were measured. Regression slopes across the 6 blocks, supplemented by last block/first block ratio and repeated measures analysis of variance with amplitude as the dependent variable, were used to test for habituation.Results.N70‐P100 habituation to small and large checks was observed in controls (mean slope −0.30 and −0.11 μV/block) and interictal migraineurs (−0.32 and −0.26 μV/block). P100‐N145 habituation to small checks in controls (mean slope −0.39 μV/block) and to small and large checks in interictal migraineurs (−0.38 and −0.17 μV/block) was also observed. None of the habituation measures were significantly different between healthy controls and migraineurs (F < 1.6, P > .18). The check‐size effect was similar in the 2 groups (F < 2.3, P > .14).Conclusion.Reversal rate and check‐size differences do not seem to explain the discrepant visual evoked potential habituation results in the migraine literature. Furthermore, no differences in first block amplitudes or N70, P100, and N145 latencies between healthy controls and migraineurs were found. We recommend blinded evaluation designs in future habituation studies in migraine.
Prosthetic Conformer as a Pressure Device in the Prophylactic Management of Postsurgical Auricular Keloid Formation: A Clinical Report
Authors: Singh Gurkaran Preet , Sherrigar Pradeep , Hegde Veena , Khanna Gagain 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKeloids form as a result of aberrations of physiologic wound healing and may arise following any insult to the deep dermis. By causing pain, pruritus, and contractures, keloids significantly affect the patient's quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Multiple studies have been conducted for decades and have led to a plethora of therapeutic strategies to prevent or attenuate keloid formation, of which no single treatment has proven to be widely effective. Also, there is a dearth of information in the prosthodontic literature regarding appropriate management of such cases, especially when located in cosmetic areas. This clinical report presents an interdisciplinary cooperative approach between maxillofacial prosthetics and dermatology in prophylactic management of postsurgical auricular keloid. A new and an innovatively designed custom prosthesis for the management of the same is presented.
Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Ovariectomy and Colpotomy in Standing Mares
Authors: Smith Shasta E. , Devine Dustin V. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of hand‐assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy via colpotomy for bilateral ovariectomy in standing mares.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsMares (n = 21) aged 2–21 years, weighing 312–582 kg.MethodsAfter a pilot study in 6 mares, the technique was used in 15 mares. Ovaries were identified and manipulated using 2 laparoscopic portals in the left paralumbar fossa. Transection and hemostasis of the ovarian pedicle was achieved using a LigaSure Atlas™ or chain écraseur. Ovaries were removed through a colpotomy by an assistant.ResultsIn 19 mares, both ovaries were successfully identified from the left portals whereas in 2 mares, laparoscopic portals in the right flank were needed to access the right ovary because the working length of the equipment was insufficient to reach the right side from the left portals.ConclusionsBilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy by means of 2 same‐sided portals in combination with hand assistance via colpotomy is a technically feasible, safe, and effective technique in small‐ to average‐sized mares.
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Physiological Drop of Citrus Fruits
Authors: Sun Yujing , Qiao Liping , Shen Yan , Jiang Ping , Chen Jianchu , Ye Xingqian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of physiological drop of the main citrus species grown in China were investigated. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin was found mostly in mandarin and sweet orange, naringin was found mostly in sour orange, pummelo, grapefruit and a hybrid (Gaocheng), narirutin was found in most varieties, neohesperidin was found in Gaocheng and Huyou, and nobiletin and tangeretin were found in most varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the main phenolic acids present, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant in most cases. There was a greater amount of free (extractable) than bound (insoluble) phenolic acids. Levels of limonoids were higher in Foyou, Eureka lemon, and Gaocheng than those in the other cultivars. The highest level of synephrine was found in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma. AA was highest in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma and lowest in Huyou, pummel, and lemon. These results suggest that physiological drop of citrus fruits have good potential as sources of different bioactive compounds and antioxidants.Practical Application:  Physiological drop of citrus fruits may be a good resource of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, limonoids, synephrine, and a good material of nutraceuticals.
Co‐Infection with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica and Delftia acidovorans in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.): a case history of an illegally trafficked protected species
Authors: Andree K B , Rodgers C J , Furones D , Gisbert E 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInspections by customs agents at Barcelona airport discovered 420 kg of contraband glass eels prepared for shipment to Hong Kong. After confiscation of these animals by police, they were transported to holding facilities to be maintained until after a judicial hearing. Upon arrival, they were separated into two groups and held under ambient flow‐through conditions in fresh water. During their captivity period, several peaks in mortality occurred and multiple bacterial strains were isolated from moribund animals. Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to determine specific identity of the isolates. An initial isolation of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica was treated with oxytetracycline. A subsequent isolation of Delftia acidovorans proved resistant to oxytetracycline and was treated with gentamicin in combination with sulphadiazine–trimethoprim. Once the health condition of the animals was stabilized, they were partitioned into groups and subsequently released as part of a restocking effort for the species following the guidelines of Regulation (EC) 1100/2007 (Anon 2007). This represents the first record for both bacterial species in the host Anguilla anguilla in the Spanish Mediterranean.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of S1 self‐incompatibility Locus‐linked Pollen 3.15 Gene in Citrus reticulata
Authors: Miao Hong Xia , Ye Zi Xing , Qin Yong Hua , Hu Gui Bing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by a highly polymorphic locus called the S‐locus, which is an important factor that can result in seedless fruit in Citrus. The S1 self‐incompatibility locus‐linked pollen 3.15 gene (S1‐3.15) belongs to a type of S locus gene. The role of S1‐3.15 in the SI reaction of Citrus has not yet been reported. In this study, full‐length sequences of cDNA and DNA encoding the S1‐3.15 gene, referred to as CrS1‐3.15, were isolated from ‘Wuzishatangju’ (Self‐incompatibility, SI) and ‘Shatangju’ (Self‐compatibility, SC). The predicted amino acid sequences of CrS1‐3.15 between ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’ differ by only three amino acids. Compared to ‘Wuzishatangju’, three bases were substituted in the genomic DNA of CrS1‐3.15 from ‘Shatangju’. Southern blot results showed that one copy of CrS1‐3.15 existed in the genomic DNA of both ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’. The expression level of the CrS1‐3.15 gene in the ovaries of ‘Shatangju’ was approximately 60‐fold higher than that in the ovaries of ‘Wuzishatangju’. When ‘Wuzishatangju’ was cross‐pollinated, the expression of CrS1‐3.15 was upregulated in the ovaries at 3 d, and the highest expression levels were detected in the ovaries at 6 d after cross‐pollination of ‘Wuzishatangju’ × ‘Shatangju’. To obtain the CrS1‐3.15 protein, the full‐length cDNA of CrS1‐3.15 genes from ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’ was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Pollen germination frequency of ‘Wuzishatangju’ was inhibited significantly with increasing CrS1‐3.15 protein concentrations from SI ‘Wuzishatangju’.