bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2 W monolithic fiber laser at 3.8 µm
Authors: Lemieux-Tanguay M. , Boilard T. , Paradis P. , Vallée R. , Bernier M. 
Published: July 2024

We report a dual-wavelength-pumped all-fiber continuous-wave laser operating at the extended wavelength of 3.79 µm that reaches a record output power of 2.0 W. This represents, to the best of our knowledge, the highest output power reported at the longest spectral range for a fiber laser. The laser cavity, made of a heavily erbium-doped fluoride fiber and bounded by two photo-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings, reaches a slope efficiency of 46.5% with respect to the absorbed 1976 nm pump power. The system exhibits an absorption dependency of the 1976 nm pump on the launched 976 nm pump and a quenching behavior dependency on the output coupler reflectivity. The all-fiber design of the cavity allows significant power scaling of the laser and ensures its long-term stability.
High-precision inverse potentials for neutron-proton scattering using piece-wise smooth Morse functions*
Authors: Awasthi Ayushi , Sharma Arushi , Kant Ishwar , Sastri O. S. K. S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to construct inverse potentials for various ℓ-channels of neutron-proton scattering using a piece-wise smooth Morse function as a reference. The phase equations for single-channel states and the coupled equations of multi-channel scattering are solved numerically using the 5th order Runge-kutta method. We employ a piece-wise smooth reference potential comprising three Morse functions as the initial input. Leveraging a machine learning-based genetic algorithm, we optimize the model parameters to minimize the mean-squared error between simulated and anticipated phase shifts. Our approach yields inverse potentials for both single and multi-channel scattering, achieving convergence to a mean-squared error

. The resulting scattering lengths "

" and effective ranges "r" for

and

states, expressed as [

, r], are found to be [5.445(5.424), 1.770(1.760)]

and [–23.741(–23.749), 2.63(2.81)]

, respectively; these values are in excellent agreement with experimental ones. Furthermore, the calculated total scattering cross-sections are highly consistent with their experimental counterparts, having a percentage error of less than 1%. This computational approach can be easily extended to obtain interaction potentials for charged particle scattering.
Blackbody heat capacity at constant pressure
Authors: Moreira Jr E S 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt first glance, the title of this work seems to be improper. And the reason is well known. Since blackbody pressure depends only on temperature, one cannot take the derivative of the thermodynamic quantities with respect to one of them, keeping the other constant. That is, the heat capacity at constant pressure,CP, as well as, the coefficient of thermal expansion,α, and the isothermal compressibility,κT, are ill-defined quantities. This work will show that when the perfect conducting nature of the walls of a blackbody cavity is taken into account,CP,αandκTare in fact well defined, and they are related by the usual thermodynamic relations, as expected. Two geometries will be considered, namely, a spherical shell and a cubic box. It will be shown thatCP,αandκTdepend very much on the geometry of the cavity. Issues regarding thermodynamic stability will be addressed, revealing that they also depend on the cavity’s geometry. It is argued that these findings may be amenable to experimental verification.
Staggered band alignment of n-Er2O3/p-Si heterostructure for the fabrication of a high-performance broadband photodetector
Authors: Ghosh Anupam , Wadhwa Riya , Shivani  , Deswal Sonia , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The low responsivity of conventional Silicon photodiodes in ultraviolet and near-infrared regimes restricts their utility as broadband photodetectors (BBPDs). Despite ongoing investigations into various p-n heterostructures for Silicon-based BBPDs, challenges such as high dark current (Idark), low collection efficiency, low detectivity, and compatibility issues with large-scale Silicon-based devices persist. In this context, we have fabricated relatively unexplored n-Er2O3/p-Si heterojunction-based BBPDs. Polycrystalline Er2O3 thin films (∼110 nm) were deposited on p-Si 〈100〉 substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Although this process induces a microstrain of approximately 0.022 and a dislocation density of about 0.00303/nm2, the presence of optically active defects is minimal, indicated by a low Urbach energy (∼0.35 eV). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms staggered band alignment at the heterointerface, facilitating efficient charge carrier separation and transport. Consequently, the In/p-Si/n-Er2O3/In device demonstrated significant BBPD properties– low Idark ∼0.15 μA (at +5 V), photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) ∼6.5 (at +5 V, 700 nm) with a maximum photoresponsivity ∼22.3 A W−1, and impressive detectivity (∼1013 Jones) even in UV-C region where traditional silicon-based photodetectors respond feebly. The device also demonstrates transient photo-response across an ultrawide spectrum (254 nm–1200 nm) with a fast rise time/fall time ∼79 ms/∼86 ms (at −5 V for 600 nm illumination). This work establishes a straightforward and reliable method for proper material engineering, surface texturing, staggered heterojunction formation, and high-performance BBPD fabrication with prominent broad-spectrum responsivity, sizeable detectivity, and fast response. The integration of these BBPDs with Silicon opens possibilities for their use in electronic devices containing optical switches for communications and broadband image sensors, enhancing their utility in various applications.
Investigation of the role of yttrium sesquioxide nanoparticles on the properties of zinc oxide ceramics
Authors: Pereira Soares Mônica , Atrey Girija , Banerjee Prasun , Junior Adolfo Franco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) ceramics were synthesized containing 0-5wt% of cubic yttrium sesquioxide (Y
2
O
3) nanoparticles with solid state sintering technique at 1150°C. The secondary phase of Y
2
O
3 did not enter into the crystalline zinc oxide. The Y
2
O
3 acts as an inhibitor of grain growth. The absorption of the free charge carriers by the Y
2
O
3 phase influences the infrared transmissions. The minimization of the phase mismatch while transferring the electric signal caused lower losses when Y
2
O
3 was added to the zinc oxide matrices. The presence of the cubic sesquioxide at the grain boundary contributes to the interfacial polarization at lower frequencies when an alternating field is applied to the ceramics. These properties are anticipated to show a wider range of physical, optical and dielectric properties of ZnO: Y ceramics for optoelectronic applications.
ICE optimization strategies of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries: from the perspective of material synthesis
Authors: Zheng Huanbin , Zeng Jun , Wan Xuanhong , Song Xin , Peng Chenxi , Wang Jiarui , Sun Luyi , Wang Hui , Zhu Min , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the continuous exploration of researchers in the field of sodium-ion batteries, the performance of these batteries has been greatly improved, and they have a wide range of application prospects in large-scale energy storage, traffic power and other fields. Hard carbon is the most important anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Although it has the advantages of low cost, stable structure and performance, it still has the problems of low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor rate performance in application. In order to solve the problem of low ICE of hard carbon anode in sodium-ion batteries, in recent years the literature about hard carbon anode in sodium-ion batteries has been comprehensively reviewed. Based on the microstructure of hard carbon material, the causes of low ICE of hard carbon are analyzed. At the same time, from the point of view of material structure design and regulation, the current optimization strategies of hard carbon anode ICE are summarized, including the following aspects: optimization and improvement of the carbonization process, precursor screening and design, surface coating strategy, micro-pore structure control, catalytic carbonization strategy. We hope that this review will provide reference for further optimization of hard carbon properties and its large-scale application in sodium-ion batteries.
Introduction
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a crisp summary of the book, pointing out that the volume is divided into three parts. The primary focus of Part I is on Nehru-era economic thought. It describes Nehru’s own evolution from a radical to a moderate socialist and documents the all-around consensus prevailing around his development strategy at the time of the launch of the foundational second development plan. Part II turns to the history of the implementation of Nehru’s development strategy and its consequences for growth, transformation, and poverty. In particular, it describes the evolution of investment licensing, the highly restrictive import policy after a decade of liberal phase, and the myriad inefficiencies resulting from them. Part III turns to the long-run implications of the Nehru-era strategy. It shows that the entrenchment of socialist thought among nearly all relevant actors made a change of course difficult and greatly slowed down the transition to a market economy.
A Highly Restrictive Import Regime
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After the sterling balances ran out in 1957, ambitious investment plans, high inflation, and a fixed nominal exchange rate produced perpetual foreign-exchange shortages. This chapter discusses the complex approval processes for import licenses and foreign-exchange allocations that followed. The allocation system required the creation of specialized bureaucracies such as the CCIE, DGTD, and the Capital Goods Committee, as well as the participation of nearly all administrative ministries and multiple state agencies. The regime imposed serious economic costs. The industrial undertakings had to devote real resources to procure licenses and foreign exchange. They had to individually search for the needed raw materials and components in foreign markets, negotiate the prices, and arrange for delivery. The bureaucratic allocation system made no distinction between efficient and inefficient undertakings. With the entry of new undertakings constrained through investment licensing and output expansion of existing undertakings capped by restrictions on imports of raw materials and components, the competition was virtually eliminated.
Institutions and the Business Community
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the lasting impact of the Nehru era on the institutions and the business community. In so far as institutions evolve more slowly than political leadership, they slow down the change even when the latter seeks it. Unsurprisingly, the central tendency of the major institutions, including bureaucracy, the planning commission, and law and judiciary, has been to slow down the implementation of reforms. The business community has been one of the rare forces within socialist India that has rallied for a change in favor of greater room for market forces. Unfortunately, its ability to influence political leadership has been minimal. As long as the grip of socialist ideology remained strong, the political leadership remained hostage to the idea that private business was a necessary evil that had to be held down lest it concentrate economic power in its own hands. As a result, as long as socialist ideology dominated politics, the business community had little impact on policy.
Out of the Agrarian Era and into the Industrialization Era
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the transition from the Agrarian Era into the Industrialization Era. It raises an argument regarding industrialization transitions and the limited number of states in zones of peace. According to the argument of North, Wallis, and Weingast, improved economic and political institutions are the key to successful economic development. The chapter highlights the contribution of de-agrarianization and industrialization in accelerating technological innovation that brought a democratic transition and other traits of the industrial era. It explains that industrialization decreases the likelihood of conflict between industrialized states, with open access systems, by modifying the costs and benefits of conflict.
Zones of Peace and Neighborhood Diffusion
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the zones of peace and neighborhood diffusion. It explores research focusing on the nature of peace, state relationships, and structural conditions that facilitate violence. Under the right conditions, states may choose to forgo conflict by developing strong, cooperative relations characterized by a “warm peace.” Moreover, the notion of a security community represents the highest level of peace. The chapter elaborates on the conception of zones of peace, which includes the absence of militarized violence in a neighborhood. It explains the spatial diffusion of peace factors in correlation with industrialization, which highlights how the local diffusion of industrialization helps explain the development of zones of peace more generally.
Zones of Peace
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the extent of zones of peace. It cites that the effect of industrialization on peace is likely to differ at each stage in the peace process. Overall, the industrialization transition is expected to have a substantial effect on stabilizing a negative peace, which prevents rivalry formation and facilitates transitions to a stable, positive peace. Moreover, industrialization plays a significant role in declining violence in the international system. The chapter explains how conflict and peace transitions are explicitly estimated instead of depending on the presence or absence of conflict in a given year. It then elaborates on the empirical examination of state transitions using multi-state survival models.
The Transition from the Agricultural Era to the Industrialization Era
Authors: Antony Alexander K , Thompson William R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the transition from the agricultural era to the industrialization era. It explains how the absence of violence between discrete pairs of states becomes a less useful tool for understanding interstate peace. Industrialization influences zones of peace, so it aggregates conflict levels in the international system. The chapter considers how industrialization transition facilitates the emergence of several common peace factors, particularly democracy, economic interdependence, and border settlement. It mentions the temporary lull in violence between certain actors in the international system. Moreover, the material foundations of the neighborhood environment play a key role in how interests are pursued and the types of conflict outcomes.
COVID-19 Online Medical Consultation: Understanding the Affective Practice
Authors: Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During the outbreak of coronavirus disease (2019) COVID-19, many online medical consultation (OMC) platforms in China set up a section for the public to consult with doctors about COVID-19 disease. This study explores the COVID-19 OMC discourse, focusing on the affective dimension. The present study examines COVID-19 OMC interactions between doctors and inquirers. It finds that the inquirers’ negative emotions are implicitly expressed through epistemic expressions which can be heard and responded to with respect to emotion by the doctors. Another major finding is that by making use of deontic and epistemic expressions, the doctors provide empathic responses; or, in other words, they ascribe emotional stance to inquiries that involve no explicit emotional expressions. This study can contribute to a new perspective for studying affective engagement in doctor–patient interactions, particularly in emerging infectious disease communication between doctors and patients/caregivers in the OMC context.
A Spatial Omnibus Test (SPOT) for Spatial Proteomic Data
Authors: Samorodnitsky Sarah , Campbell Katie , Ribas Antoni , Wu Michael C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Spatial proteomics can reveal the spatial organization of immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment. Relating measures of spatial clustering, such as Ripley’s K or Besag’s L, to patient outcomes may offer important clinical insights. However, these measures require pre-specifying a radius in which to quantify clustering, yet no consensus exists on the optimal radius which may be context-specific.

Results
We propose a SPatial Omnibus Test (SPOT) which conducts this analysis across a range of candidate radii. At each radius, SPOT evaluates the association between the spatial summary and outcome, adjusting for confounders. SPOT then aggregates results across radii using the Cauchy combination test, yielding an omnibus P-value characterizing the overall degree of association. Using simulations, we verify that the type I error rate is controlled and show SPOT can be more powerful than alternatives. We also apply SPOT to ovarian and lung cancer studies.

Availability and implementation
An R package and tutorial are provided at https://github.com/sarahsamorodnitsky/SPOT.
DODGE: automated point source bacterial outbreak detection using cumulative long term genomic surveillance
Authors: Payne Michael , Hu Dalong , Wang Qinning , Sullivan Geraldine , Graham Rikki M , Rathnayake Irani U , Jennison Amy V , Sintchenko Vitali , Lan Ruiting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Summary
The reliable and timely recognition of outbreaks is a key component of public health surveillance for foodborne diseases. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers high resolution typing of foodborne bacterial pathogens and facilitates the accurate detection of outbreaks. This detection relies on grouping WGS data into clusters at an appropriate genetic threshold. However, methods and tools for selecting and adjusting such thresholds according to the required resolution of surveillance and epidemiological context are lacking. Here we present DODGE (Dynamic Outbreak Detection for Genomic Epidemiology), an algorithm to dynamically select and compare these genetic thresholds. DODGE can analyse expanding datasets over time and clusters that are predicted to correspond to outbreaks (or “investigation clusters”) can be named with established genomic nomenclature systems to facilitate integrated analysis across jurisdictions. DODGE was tested in two real-world Salmonella genomic surveillance datasets of different duration, 2 months from Australia and 9 years from the United Kingdom. In both cases only a minority of isolates were identified as investigation clusters. Two known outbreaks in the United Kingdom dataset were detected by DODGE and were recognized at an earlier timepoint than the outbreaks were reported. These findings demonstrated the potential of the DODGE approach to improve the effectiveness and timeliness of genomic surveillance for foodborne diseases and the effectiveness of the algorithm developed.

Availability and implementation
DODGE is freely available at https://github.com/LanLab/dodge and can easily be installed using Conda.
hopsy — a methods marketplace for convex polytope sampling in Python
Authors: Paul Richard D , Jadebeck Johann F , Stratmann Anton , Wiechert Wolfgang , Nöh Katharina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSummaryEffective collaboration between developers of Bayesian inference methods and users is key to advance our quantitative understanding of biosystems. We here present hopsy, a versatile open-source platform designed to provide convenient access to powerful Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms tailored to models defined on convex polytopes (CP). Based on the high-performance C++ sampling library HOPS, hopsy inherits its strengths and extends its functionalities with the accessibility of the Python programming language. A versatile plugin-mechanism enables seamless integration with domain-specific models, providing method developers with a framework for testing, benchmarking, and distributing CP samplers to approach real-world inference tasks. We showcase hopsy by solving common and newly composed domain-specific sampling problems, highlighting important design choices. By likening hopsy to a marketplace, we emphasize its role in bringing together users and developers, where users get access to state-of-the-art methods, and developers contribute their own innovative solutions for challenging domain-specific inference problems.Availability and implementationSources, documentation and a continuously updated list of sampling algorithms are available at https://jugit.fz-juelich.de/IBG-1/ModSim/hopsy, with Linux, Windows and MacOS binaries at https://pypi.org/project/hopsy/.
Bayesian inference for multivariate probit model with latent envelope
Authors: Lee Kwangmin , Park Yeonhee 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe response envelope model proposed by Cook et al. (2010) is an efficient method to estimate the regression coefficient under the context of the multivariate linear regression model. It improves estimation efficiency by identifying material and immaterial parts of responses and removing the immaterial variation. The response envelope model has been investigated only for continuous response variables. In this paper, we propose the multivariate probit model with latent envelope, in short, the probit envelope model, as a response envelope model for multivariate binary response variables. The probit envelope model takes into account relations between Gaussian latent variables of the multivariate probit model by using the idea of the response envelope model. We address the identifiability of the probit envelope model by employing the essential identifiability concept and suggest a Bayesian method for the parameter estimation. We illustrate the probit envelope model via simulation studies and real-data analysis. The simulation studies show that the probit envelope model has the potential to gain efficiency in estimation compared to the multivariate probit model. The real data analysis shows that the probit envelope model is useful for multi-label classification.
Synthesis of a symmetrically meta-substituted poly(diphenylacetylene) bearing chiral amide groups and its application as a chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kesornsit Sanhanut , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Nozaki Mai , Nishimura Tatsuya , Maeda Katsuhiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A symmetrically meta-substituted poly(diphenylacetylene) bearing chiral amide groups was synthesized by reacting (R)-1-phenylethylamine with a carboxy-group-containing precursor polymer, which was obtained by polymerizing the corresponding ester-containing diphenylacetylene using a modified Mo(V)-based catalytic system followed by hydrolysis. The polymer formed a one-handed helical conformation when thermally annealed in a solvent. The chiral recognition ability of the polymer before and after thermal annealing was investigated when used as a chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography.