bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition from equilibrium to nonequilibrium combustion of premixed burner flame by microwave irradiation
Authors: Sasaki Koichi , Shinohara Koji 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We found that the burning velocity in premixed burner flame was enhanced by heated electrons in the flame. The electron heating was realized by irradiating microwave power onto the flame, and was confirmed by observing optical emission intensity of molecular nitrogen at the second positive system. Since the increase in the observed gas temperature was negligible, the enhancement of the burning velocity can be attributed to the nonequilibrium combustion chemistry which is driven by energetic electrons. We examined the time constants for the transition between equilibrium and nonequilibrium combustion states by irradiating pulsed microwave power. As a result, we found >2 × 104 s−1 for the frequency of electron heating, ∼1 × 103 s−1 for the loss frequency of heated electrons, and ∼(0.5–1) × 103 s−1 for the loss frequencies of OH and CH radicals.
Interfacial energetics of NaCl–organic composite layer at an OLED anode
Authors: Kim Jeongho , Yi Yeonjin , Kim Jeong Won , Noh Seok Hwan , Kang Heon 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Although low work function alkaline halides are widely used as a cathode interlayer for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), NaCl–organic composites are shown to be an efficient anodic buffer. Here we suggest a mechanistic origin of the improved OLED performance upon the use of a NaCl-containing organic buffer layer between an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and N, N′-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB), based on the studies with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. While a pure NaCl interlayer has a high hole-injection barrier (1.40 eV), the NPB : NaCl composite layer exhibits a substantially lower barrier (0.84 eV), which is comparable to the value at a bare ITO/NPB interface. Furthermore, the wettability of the composite onto ITO is enhanced due to significant adhesive interactions of NaCl with both ITO and NPB, leading to effective electrical contacts. The two key factors, i.e. the plausible hole-injection barrier and better wettability of the NPB : NaCl composite, contribute to the improved hole injection efficiency and lifetime.
Habitat selection by hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Andersen Julie M. , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Stenson Garry B. , Hammill Mike O. , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Skern-Maurizen Mette 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Andersen, J. M., Wiersma, Y. F., Stenson, G. B., Hammill, M. O., Rosing-Asvid, A., and Skern-Maurizen, M. 2013. Habitat selection by hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:173–185. We examined annual habitat use for 65 hooded seals (32 adult females, 17 adult males, and 16 juveniles) equipped with satellite relay data loggers (SRDLs) in spring or summer during five field seasons (2004–2008). A combined approach using first passage time (FPT) analysis and a generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to test for habitat selection, with a focus on environmental parameters of depth, slope, ice, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll. The models were run on adult males, adult females, and juveniles separately, and the results identified SST, depth, and chlorophyll as the most important factors influencing habitat selection across all categories. Furthermore, males and females preferred similar habitat conditions, but were separated geographically, and by depth, at various times of the year. Males appeared to be more localized in their habitat use patterns, focusing their search effort in areas of complex seabed relief such as Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the Flemish cap, while females concentrated their search effort along shelf areas (e.g. the Labrador shelf). These findings support our hypothesis that hooded seals prefer areas where topography and oceanographic processes create favourable foraging conditions.
Relation Between Severity of Injury and Neurological Deficit in Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture
Authors: Lee Guangzhou , Wang Qing , Zhong Dejun , Li Shen , Kang Jianping 
Published: October 2012

Study Design:
A prospective, consecutive case series.

Objective:
To evaluate which variable has a strong association with neurological damage in thoracolumbar burst fractures (T12 or L1): severity of injury or narrowing of the spinal canal.

Setting:
Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan Province, China.

Methods:
This study included 42 patients with thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12 or L1), 24 patients with neurological deficit, and 18 patients without deficit. The severity of injury was determined using the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), and the narrowing of the spinal canal was measured by axial computed tomography. The statistical comparison of the neurological deficit and the non-neurological deficit was carried out using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney test). The correlation of these scores and narrowing of the spinal canal to the neurological status was determined using a Spearman correlation test.

Result:
Higher ISS (21 vs. 11), NISS (30 vs. 15), Injury Severity Score with modification (ISSM) (13 vs. 11), New Injury Severity Score with modification (NISSM) (21 vs. 15), and canal compromise (48 vs. 25) were found in patients with neurological deficit, which evidently yielded statistical differences between the patients with neurological deficit and those without (P<0.01), and they also had a positive correlation with the American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) score (r>0.5, P<0.001). Moreover, there was also a positive correlation (r=0.375, P<0.05) between ISSM and ASIA scores, although it seemed weak. The correlations between the NISS, NISSM, and neurological deficit (respectively r=0.868, P<0.001; r=0.676, P<0.001) were stronger than with the narrowing of the spinal canal (r=0.560, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
NISS have a closer correlation with neurological deficit in thoracolumbar burst fractures; thus, we can put forward a hypothesis that perhaps NISS is able to reflect the dynamic fracture process.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Rods in Lumbar Spine Degenerative Disease
Authors: Ormond D. Ryan , Albert Ladislau , Das Kaushik 
Published: October 2012

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Objective:
The purpose of our study was to retrospectively review the results of posterior lumbar fusion using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods.

Summary of Background Data:
Pedicle screw and rod instrumentation has become the preferred technique for performing stabilization and fusion in the lumbar spine for degenerative disease. Rigid fixation with titanium rods leads to high fusion rates, but may also contribute to stress shielding and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). Thus, some have advocated using semirigid rods made of PEEK. Although the biomechanical properties of PEEK rods have shown improved stress-shielding characteristics and anterior load-sharing properties, there are very few clinical studies evaluating their application in the lumbar spine.

Methods:
We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 42 patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion from 2007 to 2009 for the treatment of lumbar spine degenerative disease using PEEK rods. Reoperation rate was the primary outcome evaluated. Fusion rate was also evaluated.

Results:
Eight of the 42 patients with PEEK rods required reoperation. Reasons for reoperation mainly included ASD (5/8) and nonunion with cage migration (3/8). Radiographically, documented fusion rate was 86%. Mean follow-up was 31.4 months. No statistical differences were found in fusion rates or reoperation between age above 55 years and younger than 55 years (P=1.00), male and female (P=0.110), single or multilevel fusion (P=0.67), and fusion with and without an interbody graft (P=0.69). Smokers showed a trend towards increased risk of reoperation for ASD or instrumentation failure (P=0.056).

Conclusions:
PEEK rods demonstrate a similar fusion and reoperation rate in comparison to other instrumentation modalities in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease.
ESCAPE: a randomised controlled trial of computer‐tailored smoking cessation advice in primary care
Authors: Gilbert Hazel M. , Leurent Baptiste , Sutton Stephen , Alexis‐Garsee Camille , Morris Richard W. , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of tailored cessation advice reports, including levels of reading ability, compared with a generic self‐help booklet.DesignParticipants were randomised to receive standard non‐tailored information or to receive standard information plus a cessation advice report and a progress report, both tailored to individual characteristics.SettingOne hundred and twenty‐three general practices located throughout the UK.ParticipantsQuestionnaires were mailed to 58 660 current cigarette smokers aged 18–65 years, identified from general practitioner records. Of the 6911 (11.8%) who completed the questionnaire, provided consent and were enrolled into the study, 6697 (11.4%) were included in the analysis.MeasurementsFollow‐up was by postal questionnaire sent six months after randomisation, or by telephone interview for participants failing to return the questionnaire. The primary outcome was self‐reported prolonged abstinence for at least three months at the six‐month follow‐up.FindingsQuit rates on the primary outcome were not significantly different (3.2% versus 2.7%) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI [0.94, 1.54], P = 0.15). A significantly higher proportion of intervention group participants made a quit attempt during the follow‐up period (32.3% versus 29.6%; OR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.01, 1.26], P = 0.026).ConclusionESCAPE, a brief tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by post and designed to reach a wide population of smokers, appears to increase the rate at which smokers try to stop, but if there is an effect on prolonged abstinence it is small.
Graphic imagery is not sufficient for increased attention to cigarette warnings: the role of text captions
Authors: Brown Kyle G. , Reidy John G. , Weighall Anna R. , Arden Madelynne A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimsThe present study aims to assess the extent to which attention to UK cigarette warnings is attributable to the graphic nature of the content.DesignA visual dot probe task was utilised, with the warnings serving as critical stimuli that were manipulated for the presence of graphic versus neutral image content, and the accompanying text caption. This mixed design yielded image content (graphic versus neutrally‐matched images) and presence (versus absence) of text caption as within subjects variables and smoking status as a between‐participants variable.SettingThe experiment took place within the laboratories of a UK university.ParticipantsEighty‐six psychology undergraduates (51% smokers, 69% female), predominantly of Caucasian ethnicity took part.MeasurementsReaction times towards probes replacing graphic images relative to probes replacing neutral images were utilised to create an index of attentional bias.FindingsBias scores (M = 10.20 ± 2.56) highlighted that the graphic image content of the warnings elicited attentional biases (relative to neutral images) for smokers. This only occurred in the presence of an accompanying text caption [t (43) = 3.950, P < 0.001] as opposed to when no caption was present [t (43) = 0.029, P = 0.977]. Non‐smokers showed no biases in both instances.ConclusionsGraphic imagery on cigarette packets increases attentional capture, but only when accompanied by a text message about health risks.
Subtypes of disordered gamblers: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Nower Lia , Martins Silvia S. , Lin Keng‐Han , Blanco Carlos 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimsTo derive empirical subtypes of problem gamblers based on etiological and clinical characteristics described in the Pathways Model, using data from a nationally representative survey of US adults.Design & measurementData were collected from structured diagnostic face‐to‐face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM‐IV version IV (AUDADIS‐IV).SettingThe study utilized data from US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).ParticipantsAll disordered gambling participants (n = 581) from a nationally representative cross‐sectional sample of civilian non‐institutionalized adults aged 18 years or older.FindingsLatent class analyses indicated that the best‐fitting model was a three‐class solution. Those in the largest class (class 1: 50.76%, n = 295) reported the lowest overall levels of psychopathology including gambling problem severity and mood disorders. In contrast, respondents in class 2 (20.06%, n = 117) had a high probability of endorsing past‐year substance use disorders, moderate probabilities of having parents with alcohol/drug problems and of having a personality disorder, and the highest probability for past‐year mood disorders. Respondents in class 3 (29.18%, n = 169) had the highest probabilities of personality and prior‐to‐past year mood disorders, substance use disorders, separation/divorce, drinking‐related physical fights and parents with alcohol/drug problems and/or a history of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).ConclusionsThree subtypes of disordered gamblers can be identified, roughly corresponding to the subtypes of the Pathways Model, ranging from a subgroup with low levels of gambling severity and psychopathology to one with high levels of gambling problem severity and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Pregnancy after bariatric surgery – a review of benefits and risks
Authors: KJÆR METTE MANDRUP , NILAS LISBETH 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundWhen other weight loss attempts have failed, bariatric surgery offers a successful alternative for obesity. Since operations are performed during women's reproductive years, the number of pregnant women with prior bariatric surgery is increasing. Bariatric surgery results in restriction of food intake and/or malabsorption leading to weight loss, but may induce a risk for malnutrition and pregnancy complications.MethodSystematically conducted review addressing pregnancy after bariatric surgery using the PubMed and Cochrane databases.Main outcome measuresBirthweight, gestational age, birth defects, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and mode of delivery.ResultsWe included 17 articles in English, comparing pregnancies in women with prior bariatric surgery to pregnancies in a control group without this. There was considerable heterogeneity in study design and six of the studies included <50 women with bariatric surgery. Eight studies described lower birthweight and lower risk of macrosomia after bariatric surgery, but in six there was no difference. Five studies indicated a higher risk of small‐for‐gestational age infants, but only compared with non‐obese women or severely obese controls. There was no difference in gestational length. Only one study suggested a higher risk of birth defects after surgery. The maternal risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus was lower after bariatric surgery. Results regarding mode of delivery are conflicting.ConclusionPregnancy after bariatric surgery seems safe but larger studies matching or adjusting for body mass index are needed to improve the surveillance of these pregnancies and to assist in preventing adverse outcomes.
Increase in impaired motor coordination in six‐year‐old German children between 1990 and 2007
Authors: Seelaender J , Fidler V , Hadders‐Algra M 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate changes in prevalence of impaired motor coordination among 6‐year‐olds of a geographically defined area in Germany between the years 1990 and 2007.MethodsData from the obligatory school entrance examinations in the German state of North Rhine Westphalia between the years 1990 and 2007 were used. The number of children assessed per year varied from 81 517 to 124 086. The classification of impaired motor coordination was based on the combination of standardized screening and physicians’ clinical impression of need of treatment. Logistic regression modelling was performed to evaluate the changes in prevalence of impaired motor coordination.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2007, the prevalence of impaired motor coordination rose from 2.5% to 8.9% in boys and from 0.8% to 3.6% in girls. As the standard error of these percentages is below 0.15%, the changes are highly statistically significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of impaired motor coordination tripled during the last decades in North Rhine Westphalia. This may imply that the prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder also increased. Factors that may explain the increasing prevalence include the increase in surviving preterm infants, increasing parental age at child birth, maternal and child obesity and decreasing child mobility.
Review article: associations between immune activation, intestinal permeability and the irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Matricon J. , Meleine M. , Gelot A. , Piche T. , Dapoigny M. , Muller E. , Ardid D. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, markedly impairing patients' quality of life. Drug development for IBS treatment has been hampered by the lack of understanding of IBS aetiology. In recent years, numerous data have emerged that suggest the involvement of immune activation in IBS, at least in a subset of patients.AimTo determine whether immune activation and intestinal permeabilisation are more frequently observed in IBS patients compared with healthy controls.MethodsThe scientific bibliography was searched using the following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, inflammation, immune activation, permeabilisation, intestine, assay, histology and human. The retrieved studies, including blood, faecal and histological studies, were analysed to provide a comprehensive and structured overview of the available data including the type of assay, type of inflammatory marker investigated or intestinal segment studied.ResultsImmune activation was more frequently observed in IBS patients than in healthy controls. An increase in the number of mast cells and lymphocytes, an alteration in cytokine levels and intestinal permeabilisation were reported in IBS patients. No consistent changes in the numbers of B cells or enterochromaffin cells or in mucosal serotonin production were demonstrated.ConclusionsThe changes observed were modest and often heterogeneous among the studied population. Only appropriate interventions improving irritable bowel syndrome symptoms could highlight and confirm the role of immune activation in this pathophysiology.
Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lipara lucens (Diptera, Chloropidae) – a gall‐forming fly in the common reed (Phragmites australis)
Authors: Grochowska Maria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe article contains a complete description of the preimaginal stages of Lipara lucens Meigen, 1830, illustrated with 38 drawings. Previously published data on larval morphology are verified, and missing data are added. In descriptions of larvae, particular attention is paid to the facial mask, cephaloskeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles as well as locomotory structures. The morphological descriptions of the egg and pupa are supplemented with formerly unknown details. The article forms a basis for a complete description of the life history of this fly.
The downsides of national identification for minority groups in intergroup conflicts in assimilationist societies
Authors: Bilali Rezarta 
Published: October 2012

The current study considered the downsides of national identification for minority groups in intergroup conflicts in assimilationist societies. This study examined how, in the Turkish national context, the national and ethnic identifications of ethnic Turks (N = 103) and ethnic Kurds (N = 58) predict construals (i.e., conflict frames, attributions of responsibility, and severity of harm) of Turkish‐Kurdish conflict. The results indicated that, across groups, a shared national identification was associated with similar conflict construals in line with the official Turkish narrative, whereas ethnic identification was associated with opposing conflict construals that might help maintain the conflict. However, the conflict narrative related to national identification might produce a shared understanding of the conflict (i.e., more intergroup harmony) at the cost of neglecting the minority group's grievances in the conflict and legitimizing the status‐quo, thus hindering efforts to enhance the minority group's disadvantaged status.
Activity‐dependent regulation of the sumoylation machinery in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Loriol Céline , Khayachi Anouar , Poupon Gwénola , Gwizdek Carole , Martin Stéphane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground informationSumoylation is a key post‐translational modification by which the Small Ubiquitin‐like MOdifier (SUMO) polypeptide is covalently attached to specific lysine residues of substrate proteins through a specific enzymatic pathway. Although sumoylation participates in the regulation of nuclear homeostasis, the sumoylation machinery is also expressed outside of the nucleus where little is still known regarding its non‐nuclear functions, particularly in the Central Nervous System (CNS). We recently reported that the sumoylation process is developmentally regulated in the rat CNS.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that there is an activity‐dependent redistribution of endogenous sumoylation enzymes in hippocampal neurons. By performing biochemical and immunocytochemical experiments on primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, we show that sumoylation and desumoylation enzymes are differentially redistributed in and out of synapses upon neuronal stimulation. This enzymatic redistribution in response to a neuronal depolarisation results in the transient decrease of sumoylated protein substrates at synapses.ConclusionsTaken together, our data identify an activity‐dependent regulation of the sumoylation machinery in neurons that directly impacts on synaptic sumoylation levels. This process may provide a mechanism for neurons to adapt their physiological responses to changes occurring during neuronal activation.
Successful radiofrequency ablation of an anterior abdominal wall desmoid in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Barrow E. , Newton K. , Rajashanker B. , Lee S. , Evans D. G. , Hill J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundDesmoid tumours are an important cause of mortality in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). There are few effective treatment strategies. This report describes the use of radiofrequency ablation to debulk and palliate an abdominal wall desmoid tumour in FAP.MethodsA 22 year old woman with FAP developed a large abdominal wall desmoid tumour after restorative proctocolectomy. The tumour was treated with 16 separate radiofrequency ablations. The follow up was 36 months from the first ablation.ResultsThe procedure was well tolerated with minor complications; mild superficial cellulitis and skin ulceration occurred following only one of the ablation sessions. Repeated radiofrequency treatments resulted in a sustained reduction in size and symptoms from the desmoid tumour.ConclusionGiven the low efficacy of treatments for desmoids in FAP, radiofrequency ablation appears to be a promising modality.