bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annexin 1: A glucocorticoid‐inducible protein that modulates inflammatory pain
Authors: Chen L. , Lv F. , Pei L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAnnexin 1, a glucocorticoid (GC)‐inducible protein, can play an important role via formyl peptide receptor like 1 (FPR2/ALX, also known as FPRL1) in inflammatory pain modulation. The aim of this review is to analyze different lines of evidence for the role of ANXA1 with different mechanisms on inflammatory pain and describe the profile of ANXA1 as a potential analgesic. A Medline (PUBMED) search using the terms ‘Annexin 1 distribution OR expression, FPR2/ALX distribution OR expression, Annexin 1 AND pain, Annexin 1 AND FPR2/ALX AND pain’ was performed. Articles with a publication date up to Nov. 1st, 2012 were included. The antinociception of ANXA1 has been evaluated in diverse pain models. It has been suggested that ANXA1 may exerts its action via: (1) inhibiting vital cytokines involved in pain transmission, (2) inhibiting neutrophil accumulation through preventing transendothelial migration via an interaction with formyl peptide receptors, (3) facilitating tonic opioid release from neutrophil in inflammatory site, (4) interrupting the peripheral nociceptive transmission by suppressing neuronal excitability. In general, ANXA1 is a potential mediator for anti‐nociception and the role with its receptor constitute attractive targets for developing anesthesia and analgesic drugs, and their interaction may prove to be a useful strategy to treat inflammatory pain.
Influence of pulse ratio on codeposition of copper species with calcium phosphate coatings on titanium by means of electrochemically assisted deposition
Authors: Wolf‐Brandstetter Cornelia , Oswald Steffen , Bierbaum Susanne , Wiesmann Hans‐Peter , Scharnweber Dieter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAim of this study was to combine the well‐known biocompatibility and ostoeconductivity of thin calcium phosphate coatings on titanium with proangiogenic signals from codeposited copper species. Copper species could be integrated in mineral layers based on hydroxyapatite by means of electrochemically assisted deposition from electrolytes containing calcium, phosphate, and copper ions. Different combinations of duration and intensity of galvanostatic pulses result in different amounts of deposited calcium phosphate and of copper species even for the same applied total charge. Absolute amounts of copper varied between 2.1 and 6.9 μg/cm², and the copper was distributed homogeneously as shown by EDX mapping. The presence of copper did not change the crystalline phase of deposited calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) but provoked a significant decrease in deposited amounts by factor 3 to 4. The copper was deposited mainly as Cu(I) species with a minor fraction of basic copper phosphates. Reduction of copper occurred not only at the surface of titanium but also within the hydroxyapatite coating due to the reaction with hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water during the cathodic polarization of the substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 160–172, 2014.
Electroencephalogram effects of armodafinil: Comparison with behavioral alertness
Authors: Conrado Daniela J. , Bewernitz Michael , Ding Mingzhou , Cibula Jean , Seubert Christoph , Sy Sherwin K. B. , Eisenschenk Stephan , Derendorf Hartmut 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDevelopment of central nervous system‐acting drugs would be enhanced by suitable biomarkers that reflect the targeted pathophysiologic brain state. The electroencephalogram (EEG) has several characteristics of an ideal biomarker and can be promptly adapted to pre‐clinical and clinical testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate EEG as a measure of the wakefulness‐promoting effect of armodafinil in sleep deprived healthy subjects. Armodafinil pharmacodynamics were simultaneously assessed by EEG‐ and behavioral‐based measures including a well‐established measure of alertness. Using two quantitative EEG‐based measures—power spectral and event‐related brain activity analyses—we observed that armodafinil mitigated the slowing of brain activity and the decrease of the event‐related brain activity caused by sleep deprivation. Armodafinil‐induced changes in EEG are in agreement and explain up to 73.1% of the armodafinil‐induced changes in alertness. Our findings suggest that EEG can serve as a marker of the wakefulness‐promoting drug effect.
Fault slip rates and interseismic deformation in the western Transverse Ranges, California
Authors: Marshall Scott T. , Funning Gareth J. , Owen Susan E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo better constrain fault slip rates and patterns of interseismic deformation in the western Transverse Ranges of southern California, we present results from analysis of GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data and three‐dimensional mechanical and kinematic models of active faulting. Anthropogenic motions are detected in several localized zones but do not significantly affect the vast majority of continuous GPS site locations. GPS measures contraction rates across the Ventura Basin of ~7 mm/yr oriented west‐northwest with rates decreasing to the west and east. The Santa Barbara channel is accommodating ~6.5 mm/yr in the east and ~2.5 mm/yr in the western portions of N/S contraction. Inversion of horizontal GPS velocities highlights a zone of localized fast contraction rates following the Ventura Basin. Using a mechanical model driven by geodetically calculated strain rates, we show that there are no significant discrepancies between short‐term slip rates captured by geodesy and longer‐term slip rates measured by geology. Mechanical models reproduce the first‐order interseismic velocity and strain rate patterns but fail to reproduce strongly localized contraction in the Ventura Basin due to the inadequate homogeneous elastic properties of the model. Existing two‐dimensional models match horizontal rates but predict significant uplift gradients that are not observed in the GPS data. Mechanical models predict zones of fast contraction in the Santa Barbara channel and offshore near Malibu, suggesting that offshore faults represent a significant seismic hazard to the region. Furthermore, many active faults throughout the region may produce little to no interseismic deformation, making accurate seismic hazard assessment challenging.
Feasibility of one‐step endoscopic metal stenting for distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Shimizu Shuya , Naitoh Itaru , Nakazawa Takahiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Kondo Hiromu , Yoshida Michihiro , Yamashita Hiroaki , Ohara Hirotaka , Joh Takashi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to clarify the clinical usefulness of one‐step self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for distal malignant biliary obstruction by comparing with two‐step SEMS placement.MethodsWe retrospectively compared early complications, bilirubin level decreasing rate, and period of hospitalization between 40 patients with one‐step SEMS and 52 patients with two‐step SEMS. We also evaluated the complications in patients with two‐step SEMS by classifying them into first drainage (ERBD or ENBD) and second drainage (SEMS).ResultsThe total incidence of early complications was significantly higher in patients with one‐step SEMS than the second drainage of two‐step SEMS (42.5% [17/40] vs. 13.5% [7/52]; P = 0.004). However, there was no significant difference in the early complications between one‐step SEMS and two‐step SEMS (total of first and second drainage) (42.5% [17/40] vs. 36.5% [19/52]; P = 0.561). The period required to reach the bilirubin level (<3 mg/dL) after initial drainage was significantly shorter in one‐step SEMS than in two‐step SEMS (5.7 vs. 10.1 days; P = 0.025). Similar results were observed in the period of hospitalization for patients without chemotherapy (22.2 vs. 37.3 days; P = 0.004).ConclusionsOne‐step SEMS placement is the alternative option of drainage method for distal malignant biliary obstruction.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of mucin‐producing bile duct tumor and mucinous cystic tumor of the liver: a multi‐institutional study by the Japan Biliary Association
Authors: Kubota Keiichi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kondo Fukuo , Hachiya Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Masaru , Nagino Masato , Yamamoto Masakazu , Isayama Hiroyuki , Tabata Masami , Kinoshita Hisafumi , Kamisawa Terumi , Inui Kazuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN) and mucin‐producing intraductal papillary neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (M‐IPNB).MethodsWe performed a multi‐institutional, retrospective study of patients with MCN or M‐IPNB pathologically defined by the presence or absence of an ovarian‐like stroma.ResultsThe M‐IPNB and MCN were diagnosed in 119 and nine patients, respectively. MCN was observed in female patients, while M‐IPNB produced symptoms of cholangitis. M‐IPNBs were classed as low or intermediate grade in 53 cases, high grade in 23 and invasive carcinoma in 43. Fifty‐one of the M‐IPNBs were the pancreatobiliary type (PT), 33 were the intestinal type (IT), 23 were the oncocytic type (OT), and 12 were the gastric type (GT). The 1‐, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates for the 105 patients with M‐IPNB were 96%, 84% and 81%, respectively, while the 5‐year survival rate for patients with MCN was 100%. OT and GT M‐IPNB had better 10‐year survival rates than PT and IT M‐IPNB.ConclusionsAlthough MCN has different features from M‐IPNB, both diseases have a good prognosis after resection. The cellular type of M‐IPNB appears to predict outcome.
Is Eurasian snow cover in October a reliable statistical predictor for the wintertime climate on the Iberian Peninsula?
Authors: Brands S. , Herrera S. , Gutiérrez J.M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the recently found lead–lag relationship between Eurasian snow cover increase in October and wintertime precipitation totals on the Iberian Peninsula is re‐visited and generalized to a broad range of atmospheric variables on the synoptic and local scale. To this aim, a robust (resistant to outliers) method for calculating the index value for Eurasian snow cover increase in October is proposed. This ‘Robust Snow Advance Index’ (RSAI) is positively correlated with the wintertime (DJF) frequency of cyclonic and westerly flow circulation types over the Iberian Peninsula, while the corresponding relationship with anticyclonic and easterly flow types is negative. For both cases, an explained variance of approximately 60% indicates a strong and highly significant statistical link on the synoptic scale.Consistent with these findings, it is then shown that the lead–lag relationship equally holds for the DJF‐mean conditions of (1) precipitation amount, (2) diurnal temperature range, (3) sun hours, (4) cloud cover and (5) wind speed on the local scale. To assess if these target variables can be skillfully hindcast, simple linear regression is applied as a statistical forecasting method, using the October RSAI as the only predictor variable. One‐year out cross‐validation yields locally significant hindcast correlations of up to approximately 0.8, obtaining field significance for any of the five target variables mentioned above. The validity for a wide range of atmospheric variables and the consistency of the local‐ and synoptic‐scale results affirm the question posed in the title.
Estimating raptor electrocution mortality on distribution power lines in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kemper Cindy M. , Court Gordon S. , Beck James A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRaptor electrocution mortality on power lines has been well documented over the past several decades, yet knowledge gaps, particularly regarding electrocution rates and estimates of losses, are still prevalent in the literature. Mortality estimates that do exist are often derived solely from utility outage records and exclude those not associated with a sustained outage. To address these shortcomings, we directly assessed raptor electrocution mortality beneath distribution power lines in east‐central Alberta, Canada between June and August 2003. We also experimentally tested the effect of scavenger removal of carcasses. We observed the greatest rate of raptor mortality on transformer poles; 3‐phase corner deadend poles were implicated in more incidents than expected based on proportional frequency, whereas tangent structures showed the opposite result. An estimated 94% of electrocution mortality was not associated with a power outage, indicating that utility outage data alone is insufficient to estimate incidence of electrocution. Scavenger removal rates were high, with >50% of the experimental carcasses removed within 7 days. Study results will assist utility companies and wildlife managers to better delineate structure retrofitting and new construction standards for structures that cause a disproportionately high number of raptor electrocutions, maximizing limited mitigation funds. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Realized population change for long‐term monitoring: California spotted owl case study
Authors: Conner Mary M. , Keane John J. , Gallagher Claire V. , Jehle Gretchen , Munton Thomas E. , Shaklee Paula A. , Gerrard Ross A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe annual rate of population change (λt) is a good metric for evaluating population performance because it summarizes survival and recruitment rates and can be used for open populations. Another measure of population performance, realized population change (Δt) is an encompassing metric of population trend over a period of time; it is the ratio of population size at an end time period relative to the initial population size. Our first goal was to compare mean λ and Δt as summaries of population change over time. Our second goal was to evaluate different methods for estimating these parameters; specifically we wished to compare the value of estimates from fixed effects models, random effects estimates from mixed effects models, and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Our final goal was to evaluate the use of the posterior distribution of Δt as a means for estimating the probability of population decline retrospectively. To meet these goals, we used California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) data collected on 3 study areas from 1990 to 2011 as a case study. The estimated MCMC median λs for 2 of the study areas were 0.986 and 0.993, indicating declining populations, whereas median λ was 1.014 for the third study area, indicating an increasing population. For 2 of the study areas, estimated MCMC median Δts over the 18‐year monitoring period were 0.78 and 0.89, suggesting 21% and 11% declines in population size, whereas the third study area was 1.22 suggesting a 22% increase. Results from Δt analyses highlight that small differences in mean λ from 1.0 (stationary) can result in large differences in population size over a longer time period; these temporal effects are better depicted by Δt. Fixed effects, random effects, and MCMC estimates of mean and median λ and of Δt were similar (≤9% relative difference). The estimate of temporal process variance was larger for MCMC than the random effects estimates. Results from a Bayesian approach using MCMC simulations indicated that the probabilities of a ≥15% decline over 18 years were 0.69, 0.40, and 0.04 for the 3 study areas, whereas the probabilities the populations were stationary or increasing were 0.07, 0.22, and 0.82. For retrospective analyses of monitored populations, using Bayesian MCMC methods to generate a posterior distribution of Δt is a valuable conservation and management tool for robustly estimating probabilities of specified declines of interest. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison between blue lasers and light‐emitting diodes for future solid‐state lighting
Authors: Wierer Jonathan J. , Tsao Jeffrey Y. , Sizov Dmitry S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSolid‐state lighting (SSL) is now the most efficient source of high color quality white light ever created. Nevertheless, the blue InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are the light engine of SSL still have significant performance limitations. Foremost among these is the decrease in efficiency at high input current densities widely known as “efficiency droop.” Efficiency droop limits input power densities, contrary to the desire to produce more photons per unit LED chip area and to make SSL more affordable. Pending a solution to efficiency droop, an alternative device could be a blue laser diode (LD). LDs, operated in stimulated emission, can have high efficiencies at much higher input power densities than LEDs can. In this article, LEDs and LDs for future SSL are explored by comparing: their current state‐of‐the‐art input‐power‐density‐dependent power‐conversion efficiencies; potential improvements both in their peak power‐conversion efficiencies and in the input power densities at which those efficiencies peak; and their economics for practical SSL.
Multivalent (Nitrilotriacetic Acid)‐End‐Functionalized Polystyrenes by ATRP and Their Self‐Assembly
Authors: Kadir Mohammad Abdul , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Jiyeon , Lee Chaeyeon , Lee Sang Hee , Lee Sun‐Gu , Paik Hyun‐jong 
Published: August 2013

The synthesis of tri‐(nitrilotriacetic acid) (NTA)‐end‐functionalized polystyrenes using an initiator containing tert‐butyl protected NTA moieties, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene is described. First, a suitable ATRP initiator is prepared and subsequently characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectro­scopy. The structures of the tri‐NTA‐end‐functionalized polystyrenes (tri‐NTA‐PS) are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Tri‐NTA‐PS itself produces self‐assembled spherical aggregates with ≈40–60 nm diameters in water/THF, whereas nickel‐complexed tri‐NTA‐PS produces spherical core–shell hybrid aggregates with ≈90–115 nm diameters with His‐tagged GFP in water/DMF (DMF 4 vol%), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements.
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Hairpin polymer unfolding in square nanochannels
Authors: Ibáñez‐García Gabriel O. , Goldstein Patricia , Zarzosa‐Pérez Alicia 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe unfolding dynamics of a flexible hairpin polymer inserted in a square nanochannel is studied using Brownian dynamics simulations of the bead‐spring model. Because the hairpin polymer is not an equilibrium configuration, the molecule starts unfolding until it reaches a stretched configuration inside the tube. We study the effect of varying the channel height and width D, and the number of monomers N in the folded arm on the unfolding times. We show that for square nanochannels, the unfolding time scales as DN2, for small values of D. The unfolding relaxation dynamics obeys similar mechanisms described in the escaping dynamics of partially inserted polymers in cylindrical nanotubes. We also show that the velocity of the polymer center of mass scales as D−1, in agreement with DNA unfolding experiments in solid‐state nanochannels and recent computational simulations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1411–1418
Perceptions of physically active men with prostate cancer on the role of physical activity in maintaining their quality of life: possible influence of androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Keogh Justin W. L. , Patel Asmita , MacLeod Roderick D. , Masters Jonathan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of older men with prostate cancer regarding their quality of life and physical activity post‐diagnosis, and the potential benefits and risks associated with being physically active. A secondary aim was to gain some preliminary insight into how these perceptions may differ as a function of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).MethodsTwo focus groups were conducted, consisting of six ADT and eight non‐ADT men, respectively. The probe questions used assessed the link between quality of life and physical activity as well as the benefits and risks associated with physical activity. Data were transcribed verbatim and themes identified using a general inductive thematic approach.ResultsThe primary themes identified were sexual health, ‘plumbing’ and non‐urogenital side‐effects, return to and increased levels of physical activity post‐diagnosis, physical health/function and psychological benefits of physical activity as well as over‐doing it and age‐related risks of excessive physical activity. However, not all themes were present in both the ADT and the non‐ADT sub‐groups.ConclusionsThese results further highlight the link between physical activity and quality of life in prostate cancer survivors and how they use physical activity as a part of their survivorship process. Of particular interest was how several men on ADT used resistance training to counteract ADT‐related side‐effects affecting their masculinity. As the evidence for physical activity for prostate cancer survivorship is increasing, cancer clinicians and service providers should consider ways to better assist these men, especially those on ADT become more active. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A leader sequence capable of enhancing RNA expression and protein synthesis in mammalian cells
Authors: Wellensiek Brian P. , Larsen Andrew C. , Flores Julia , Jacobs Bertram L. , Chaput John C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMany applications in biotechnology require human proteins generated from human cells. Stable cell lines commonly used for this purpose are difficult to develop, and scaling to large numbers of proteins can be problematic. Transient expression can circumvent this problem, but protein yields are generally too low for most applications. Here we report a novel 37‐nucleotide leader sequence that promotes rapid and high transgene expression in mammalian cells. This sequence was identified by in vitro selection and functions in a transient vaccinia‐based cytoplasmic expression system. Vectors containing this sequence produce microgram levels of protein in just 6 h from a small‐scale expression in 106 cells. This level of protein synthesis is ideal for high throughput production of human proteins, and could be scaled to generate milligram quantities of protein. The technology is compatible with a broad range of cell lines, accepts plasmid and linear DNA, and functions with viruses that are approved for use under BSL1 conditions. We suggest that these advantages provide a powerful method for generating human protein in mammalian cells.
Triggers and cues that activate antibiotic production by actinomycetes
Authors: Zhu Hua , Sandiford Stephanie K , van Wezel Gilles P 
Published: August 2013

AbstractActinomycetes are a rich source of natural products, and these mycelial bacteria produce the majority of the known antibiotics. The increasing difficulty to find new drugs via high-throughput screening has led to a decline in antibiotic research, while infectious diseases associated with multidrug resistance are spreading rapidly. Here we review new approaches and ideas that are currently being developed to increase our chances of finding novel antimicrobials, with focus on genetic, chemical, and ecological methods to elicit the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters. The genome sequencing revolution identified numerous gene clusters for natural products in actinomycetes, associated with a potentially huge reservoir of unknown molecules, and prioritizing them is a major challenge for in silico screening-based approaches. Some antibiotics are likely only expressed under very specific conditions, such as interaction with other microbes, which explains the renewed interest in soil and marine ecology. The identification of new gene clusters, as well as chemical elicitors and culturing conditions that activate their expression, should allow scientists to reinforce their efforts to find the necessary novel antimicrobial drugs.