bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of Emergency Medicine in Switzerland: a national profile of emergency departments in 2006
Authors: Sanchez Bienvenido , Hirzel Alexandre H , Bingisser Roland , Ciurea Annette , Exadaktylos Aris , Lehmann Beat , Matter Hans , Meier Kaspar , Osterwalder Joseph , Sieber Robert , Yersin Bertrand , Camargo Jr Carlos A , Hugli Olivier 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Emergency departments (EDs) are an essential component of any developed health care system. There is, however, no national description of EDs in Switzerland. Our objective was to establish the number and location of EDs, patient visits and flow, medical staff and organization, and capabilities in 2006, as a benchmark before emergency medicine became a subspecialty in Switzerland.

Methods
In 2007, we started to create an inventory of all hospital-based EDs with a preliminary list from the Swiss Society of Emergency and Rescue Medicine that was improved with input from ED physicians nationwide. EDs were eligible if they offered acute care 24 h per day, 7 days per week. Our goal was to have 2006 data from at least 80% of all EDs. The survey was initiated in 2007 and the 80% threshold reached in 2012.

Results
In 2006, Switzerland had a total of 138 hospital-based EDs. The number of ED visits was 1.475 million visits or 20 visits per 100 inhabitants. The median number of visits was 8,806 per year; 25% of EDs admitted 5,000 patients or less, 31% 5,001-10,000 patients, 26% 10,001-20,000 patients, and 17% >20,000 patients per year. Crowding was reported by 84% of EDs with >20,000 visits/year. Residents with limited experience provided care for 77% of visits. Imaging was not immediately available for all patients: standard X-ray within 15 min (70%), non-contrast head CT scan within 15 min (38%), and focused sonography for trauma (70%); 67% of EDs had an intensive care unit within the hospital, and 87% had an operating room always available.

Conclusions
Swiss EDs were significant providers of health care in 2006. Crowding, physicians with limited experience, and the heterogeneity of emergency care capabilities were likely threats to the ubiquitous and consistent delivery of quality emergency care, particularly for time-sensitive conditions. Our survey establishes a benchmark to better understand future improvements in Swiss emergency care.
Gas signatures from Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli‐inoculated human whole blood
Authors: Umber Brandon J , Shin Hye‐Won , Meinardi Simone , Leu Szu‐Yun , Zaldivar Frank , Cooper Dan M , Blake Donald R 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe gaseous headspace above naïve Escherichia Coli (E. coli) cultures and whole human blood inoculated with E. coli were collected and analyzed for the presence of trace gases that may have the potential to be used as novel, non‐invasive markers of infectious disease.MethodsThe naïve E. coli culture, LB broth, and human whole blood or E. coli inoculated whole blood were incubated in hermetically sealable glass bioreactors at 37°C for 24 hrs. LB broth and whole human blood were used as controls for background volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The headspace gases were collected after incubation and analyzed using a gas chromatographic system with multiple column/detector combinations.ResultsSix VOCs were observed to be produced by E. coli‐infected whole blood while there existed nearly zero to relatively negligible amounts of these gases in the whole blood alone, LB broth, or E. coli‐ inoculated LB broth. These VOCs included dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbon disulfide (CS2), ethanol, acetaldehyde, methyl butanoate, and an unidentified gas S. In contrast, there were several VOCs significantly elevated in the headspace above the E. coli in LB broth, but not present in the E. coli/blood mixture. These VOCs included dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), methyl propanoate, 1‐propanol, methylcyclohexane, and unidentified gases R2 and Q.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates 1) that cultivated E. coli in LB broth produce distinct gas profiles, 2) for the first time, the ability to modify E. coli‐specific gas profiles by the addition of whole human blood, and 3) that E. coli‐human whole blood interactions present different gas emission profiles that have the potential to be used as non‐invasive volatile biomarkers of E. coli infection.
Harvesting and analysis of weak signals for detecting lone wolf terrorists
Authors: Brynielsson Joel , Horndahl Andreas , Johansson Fredrik , Kaati Lisa , Mårtenson Christian , Svenson Pontus 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Abstract
Lone wolf terrorists pose a large threat to modern society. The current ability to identify and stop these kinds of terrorists before they commit a terror act is limited since they are hard to detect using traditional methods. However, these individuals often make use of Internet to spread their beliefs and opinions, and to obtain information and knowledge to plan an attack. Therefore there is a good possibility that they leave digital traces in the form of weak signals that can be gathered, fused, and analyzed.
In this article we present an analysis method that can be used to analyze extremist forums to detect digital traces of possible lone wolf terrorists. This method is conceptually demonstrated using the FOI Impactorium fusion platform. We also present a number of different technologies which can be used to harvest and analyze pieces of information from Internet that may serve as weak digital traces that can be fused using the suggested analysis method in order to discover possible lone wolf terrorists.
Synthesis of Substituted [6]Phenacenes through Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Polyhalobenzene with Alkenylboronates and Sequential Intramolecular Cyclization via C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Chang Ning-hui , Mori Hiroki , Chen Xi-chao , Okuda Yasuhiro , Okamoto Takeru , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A series of substituted [6]phenacenes were synthesized through the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and intramolecular double cyclization, using a polyhalobenzene and two different alkenylboronates. This methodology provides a direct route to unsymmetrical [6]phenacenes. The physicochemical properties of four [6]phenacenes were evaluated using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies as well as cyclic voltammetry.
Validity and Efficiency of Breath Exercises to reduce stage fright at the music classroom
Authors: Ramos Pablo Ramos 
Published: July 2013

This paper reviews the most relevant literature in the field of stage fright associated with musical performance, both in adulthood as in childhood. It also presents the findings of studies that have analyzed this feature of personality at schools and highlights the reasons causing stage fright, such as: pressure in presence of parents and other students, perfectionism, and low resistance to stress. On the other hand, this paper relates the development of stage fright with the loss of self-esteem, which affects child's education at large. Potential therapies that could be implemented in the classroom are discussed in order to cope with this anxiety. Breath techniques are the most important strategies because of their efficiency and ease of application. Finally, a Decalogue is established as a guide for action to combat performance anxiety which generalist and music teachers could take into account ahead of a first play at schools.
Tragedy in the Postanesthesia Care Unit; Mix-ups between Risperidone and Ropinirole
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: July 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Assessment of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Patients with Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Goede Whitney J. , Lovely Jenna K. , Thompson Rodney L. , Cima Robert R. 
Published: July 2013

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections and are associated with substantial health care costs, with increased morbidity and death. The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) contains standards that are nationally reported with the aim of improving patient outcomes after surgery. Our institution's standards for antimicrobial prophylaxis in the perioperative period are more stringent than these measures and may be considered “beyond SCIP.” The 4 elements of appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis are timing, antibiotic selection, dosing, and intraoperative redosing. Objective To quantify antimicrobial SSI prophylaxis compliance in accordance with institutional standards and to identify potential opportunities for improvement. Methods Patients aged 18 years or older were included if they had an SSI between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2010, according to the database maintained prospectively by the Infection Prevention and Control Unit. Adherence to our institution's practice standards was assessed through analysis of antibiotics administered—timing in relation to the incision, closure, and tourniquet inflation times for the procedure and antibiotic selection, dose, and redosing. Results Overall noncompliance with all 4 elements of antimicrobial prophylaxis was 75.4% among the 760 cases. Repeat dosing had the greatest noncompliance (45.1%); antibiotic selection had the lowest incidence of noncompliance (10.8%). Conclusions Noncompliance existed in each element of antimicrobial SSI prophylaxis, with antibiotic redosing leading in noncompliance. With the implementation of tools to assist the surgical team in following institutional standards, noncompliance will likely decline and additional research opportunities will exist.
Evaluating Incorporation of Drug Restrictions into Computerized Drug Order Entries after Transition to an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Rodriguez Ryan , Staley Benjamin , Hatton Randy C. 
Published: July 2013

Background Incorporation of drug restriction policy into electronic drug order entries (DOEs) can promote responsible medication use and resource utilization when implemented systematically. Objective To identify drugs that require further incorporation of formulary restriction policy into their DOEs after migration to an electronic health record with computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE). Methods After transition to CPOE, test orders for formulary restricted drugs were entered in the CPOE environment. Data were collected about rationale for drug restriction, type of formulary restriction, presence of incorporation of restriction policy into the DOE, and whether incorporation was consistent with a recommended method. Restricted drugs requiring revision of policy incorporation into their DOEs were analyzed to create a prioritized task list based on rationale for the restriction. Results Of all restricted drugs, 63.6% (287/451) did not have restriction policy incorporated into their DOEs consistent with the recommended method and therefore required revision. Eighteen percent (81/451) of restricted drugs had no incorporation of restriction policy in their DOEs. Safety was the rationale for restriction in 21% (17/81) of these, which received highest priority for revision. When drugs were orderable but restricted, 61.9% (78/126) lacked optimal incorporation of policy in DOEs to promote adherence. When drugs were not orderable, 64% (206/322) did not provide guidance to formulary alternatives in DOEs when they should have. Conclusion After transition to CPOE, almost two-thirds of all analyzed restricted drugs lacked optimal incorporation of formulary restriction policies in their DOEs. DOEs with restrictions related to safety reasons were among those most frequently requiring revision. Some DOEs can better promote adherence and provide guidance to prescribers through revision. Predefined, systematic implementation strategies should be used during changes in computerized drug use processes.
Primer on the Implementation of a Pharmacy Intranet Site to Improve Department Communication
Authors: Hale Holly J. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The purpose of the article is to describe the experience of selecting, developing, and implementing a pharmacy department intranet site with commentary regarding application to other institutions. Clinical practitioners and supporting staff need an effective, efficient, organized, and user-friendly communication tool to utilize and relay information required to optimize patient care. Summary To create a functional and user-friendly department intranet site, department leadership and staff should be involved in the process from selection of product through implementation. A product that supports both document storage management and communication delivery and has the capability to be customized to provide varied levels of site access is desirable. The designation of an intranet site owner/developer within the department will facilitate purposeful site design and site maintenance execution. A well-designed and up-to-date site along with formal end-user training are essential for staff adoption and continued utilization. Conclusion Development of a department intranet site requires a considerable time investment by several members of the department. The implementation of an intranet site can be an important step toward achieving improved communications. Staff utilization of this resource is key to its success.
Departure from local thermal equilibrium during ICP-AES and FAES: Characterization in terms of collisional radiative recombination activation energy
Authors: Zaranyika Mark F. , Mahamadi Courtie 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A simplified rate model is presented showing that when analytes are determined by atomic spectroscopy first in the absence, and then in the presence, of easily ionizable elements (EIEs) as interferents, the change in collisional radiative recombination activation energy, ∆E
a, is zero when the system conforms to local thermal equilibrium (LTE). ∆E
a values of &ndash;7.462, &ndash;7.925, and &ndash;8.898 eV were obtained when Ca(II), Mg(II), and Sr(II), respectively, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‑AES) in the absence and presence of excess Li, while ∆E
a values of &ndash;6.477 and &ndash;7.481 eV were obtained when Mg(II) and Sr(II), respectively, were determined in the absence and presence of excess K as interferent. A value of &ndash;2.223 eV for ∆E
a was obtained when Mg(I) was determined by air-acetylene flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) in the absence and presence of excess K. The data confirm that all the systems studied were not in LTE, and suggest pre-LTE collisional radiative recombination in the absence of the interferent in all cases, and that collisional radiative recombination involving electrons from the interferent can occur from the ambipolar diffusion state or the LTE state. Possible causes for departure from LTE, and a possible collisional radiative recombination mechanism to account for the ∆E
a values obtained, are discussed.
High-Throughput Immunoassay for the Biochemical Diagnosis of Friedreich Ataxia in Dried Blood Spots and Whole Blood
Authors: Oglesbee Devin , Kroll Charles , Gakh Oleksandr , Deutsch Eric C , Lynch David R , Gavrilova Ralitza , Tortorelli Silvia , Raymond Kimiyo , Gavrilov Dimitar , Rinaldo Piero , Matern Dietrich , Isaya Grazia 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is caused by reduced frataxin (FXN) concentrations. A clinical diagnosis is typically confirmed by DNA-based assays for GAA-repeat expansions or mutations in the FXN (frataxin) gene; however, these assays are not applicable to therapeutic monitoring and population screening. To facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of FRDA patients, we developed an immunoassay for measuring FXN.

METHODS
Antibody pairs were used to capture FXN and an internal control protein, ceruloplasmin (CP), in 15 μL of whole blood (WB) or one 3-mm punch of a dried blood spot (DBS). Samples were assayed on a Luminex LX200 analyzer and validated according to standard criteria.

RESULTS
The mean recovery of FXN from WB and DBS samples was 99%. Intraassay and interassay imprecision (CV) values were 4.9%–13% and 9.8%–16%, respectively. The FXN limit of detection was 0.07 ng/mL, and the reportable range of concentrations was 2–200 ng/mL. Reference adult and pediatric FXN concentrations ranged from 15 to 82 ng/mL (median, 33 ng/mL) for DBS and WB. The FXN concentration range was 12–22 ng/mL (median, 15 ng/mL) for FRDA carriers and 1–26 ng/mL (median 5 ng/mL) for FRDA patients. Measurement of the FXN/CP ratio increased the ability to distinguish between patients, carriers, and the reference population.

CONCLUSIONS
This assay is applicable to the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of FRDA. This assay can measure FXN and the control protein CP in both WB and DBS specimens with minimal sample requirements, creating the potential for high-throughput population screening of FRDA.
The Implementation of Embedded Value (EV) Reporting in Israel: Myth and Reality
Authors: Eden Yoram 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed increasing acceptance of embedded value (EV) reporting as the most robust measure of shareholder value for life and health insurance businesses. Therefore, the Commissioner of Insurance in Israel decided to request insurance companies to disclose the EV of their life, pension and health insurance business annually, beginning with the annual statements for FY 2007. Even though the insurance and financial community expected the publication of the EV data and emphasized its importance, the reaction of the capital market seemed to ignore the EV data. All things being equal, if an insurer is writing profitable new business, its market capitalization should exceed its EV. However, the market capitalization of all listed insurance companies in Israel is far below their reported EV, and the gap is growing. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to suggest several explanations for this apparent EV “puzzle,” both competing and complementary; (b) to argue that although the question of whether the EV report and market-consistent EV methodology really indicate the fair value of the insurance company remains controversial, the EV report contains data that give better insights into the forces driving operating performance and the impact of management actions. “The EV analysis should also be considered when evaluating management performance and remuneration schemes.”
Die „Sammlung Aschebücher“: Qualitätssicherung in der
Digitalisierung
Authors: Krumeich Kirsten 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Die Digitalisierungsstrategie der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek
verfolgt langfristig das Ziel, bis zu 4 000 restaurierte „Aschebücher“ in
digitalen Reproduktionen zugänglich zu machen. Sie werden als eigenständige
Sammlung im Online-Angebot „Monographien Digital“ präsentiert. Zur Sicherung
eines hohen Qualitätsstandards erfolgen Auswahl und digitale Transformation
der Werke nach definierten Kriterien und Vorgaben. Ein qualifizierter
externer Dienstleister wurde in einem dreistufigen Vergabeverfahren
ermittelt. Kontinuierliches Management begleitet den Prozess und stellt die
Qualität der Digitalisate ebenso wie die konservatorische Bewahrung der
Originale sicher.
Human neuronal cells: epigenetic aspects
Authors: Kukucka Jessica , Wyllie Tessa , Read Justin , Mahoney Lauren , Suphioglu Cenk 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHistone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) promote histone posttranslational modifications, which lead to an epigenetic alteration in gene expression. Aberrant regulation of HATs and HDACs in neuronal cells results in pathological consequences such as neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the brain, which has devastating effects on patients and loved ones. The use of pan-HDAC inhibitors has shown great therapeutic promise in ameliorating neurodegenerative ailments. Recent evidence has emerged suggesting that certain deacetylases mediate neurotoxicity, whereas others provide neuroprotection. Therefore, the inhibition of certain isoforms to alleviate neurodegenerative manifestations has now become the focus of studies. In this review, we aimed to discuss and summarize some of the most recent and promising findings of HAT and HDAC functions in neurodegenerative diseases.
The subelliptic heat kernel on the three-dimensional solvable Lie groups
Authors: Baudoin Fabrice , Cecil Matthew 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We study the subelliptic heat kernels of the CR three-dimensional solvable Lie groups. We first classify all left-invariant sub-Riemannian structures on three-dimensional solvable Lie groups and obtain representations of these groups. We give expressions for the heat kernels on these groups and obtain heat semigroup gradient bounds using a new type of curvature-dimension inequality.
Gender differences in the mental health literacy of young people
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Annis Jennifer , Cleridou Kalia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Aim: This study explored the influence of gender on the mental health literacy (MHL) of young people.
Method: In all, 370 young people (aged 17–22 years) completed one of two questionnaires, in which they had to label/provide a diagnosis for nine vignettes of people with different mental health disorders. Half the vignettes had a male and the other half had a female character. They also rated the vignette person on nine scales.
Results: There was much variance in recognition for the different disorders, with a range of 77.0%–27.3% of participants “correctly” labeling the vignettes. Very few gender differences were found, but age and experience of/education in mental health were found to be positively correlated with MHL.
Conclusion: Gender differences in MHL may not be as great as previously thought. Although some disorders were recognized by the majority of participants, there are still common disorders that were not.