bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the human aortic arch system captured in an interactive three‐dimensional reference model
Authors: Rana M. Sameer , Sizarov Aleksander , Christoffels Vincent M. , Moorman Antoon F.M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVariations and mutations in the human genome, such as 22q11.2 microdeletion, can increase the risk for congenital defects, including aortic arch malformations. Animal models are increasingly expanding our molecular and genetic insights into aortic arch development. However, in order to justify animal‐to‐human extrapolations, a human morphological, and molecular reference model would be of great value, but is currently lacking. Here, we present interactive three‐dimensional reconstructions of the developing human aortic arch system, supplemented with the protein distribution of developmental markers for patterning and growth, including T‐box transcription factor TBX1, a major candidate for the phenotypes found in patients with the 22q11.2 microdeletion. These reconstructions and expression data facilitate unbiased interpretations, and reveal previously unappreciated aspects of human aortic arch development. Based on our reconstructions and on reported congenital anomalies of the pulmonary trunk and tributaries, we postulate that the pulmonary arteries originate from the aortic sac, rather than from the sixth pharyngeal arch arteries. Similar to mouse, TBX1 is expressed in pharyngeal mesenchyme and epithelia. The endothelium of the pharyngeal arch arteries is largely negative for TBX1 and family member TBX2 but expresses neural crest marker AP2α, which gradually decreases with ongoing development of vascular smooth muscle. At early stages, the pharyngeal arch arteries, aortic sac, and the dorsal aortae in particular were largely negative for proliferation marker Ki67, potentially an important parameter during aortic arch system remodeling. Together, our data support current animal‐to‐human extrapolations and future genetic and molecular analyses using animal models of congenital heart disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel mutation in TP63 associated with ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia and clefting syndrome and T cell lymphopenia
Authors: Giampietro Philip F. , Baker Mei W. , Basehore Monica J. , Jones Julie R. , Seroogy Christine M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA male child with clinical features consistent with EEC/EECUT plus syndrome (ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, clefting, urinary tract abnormalities, and thymic abnormalities) including mild ectodermal abnormalities, ectrodactyly of hands and feet, cleft palate, bilateral hydronephrosis, and T cell lymphopenia is reported. He was noted to have T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analysis below the cutoff for normal on newborn screening and T cell lymphopenia on further immunologic evaluation. A novel, presumably pathogenic de novo 3 bp deletion in exon 7 of TP63 (c.970_972delATT; NCBI Reference Sequence NM_003722.4) was identified. This observation provides supporting evidence for the association between TP63 mutations and EECUT plus syndrome. Clinicians caring for infants presenting with EEC spectrum disorders in the newborn period should also consider the possibility of T cell lymphopenia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endocrine Control of Growth
Authors: MURRAY PHILIP G. , CLAYTON PETER E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHuman growth is a complex process starting at conception and completing in adolescence at the time of growth plate fusion. Growth can be divided into four phases: (1) fetal, where the predominant endocrine factors controlling growth are insulin and the insulin‐like growth factors. (2) Infancy, where growth is mainly dependent upon nutrition. (3) Childhood, where the growth hormone–insulin‐like growth factor‐I (GH‐IGF‐I) axis and thyroid hormone are most important. (4) Puberty, where along with the GH‐IGF‐I axis the activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary–gonadal axis to generate sex steroid secretion becomes vital to the completion of growth. GH is released from the pituitary in a pulsatile fashion under the control of GHRH, Ghrelin, and somatostatin and, via a complex signal transduction cascade, initiates the release of IGF‐I within many tissues but predominantly the liver and at the growth plate. IGF‐I acts in an autocrine and paracrine manner via the IGF‐I receptor to stimulate cell proliferation and longitudinal growth. Activation of the pituitary–gonadal axis during puberty occurs via a complex interaction of factors including kisspeptin, leptin, gonadotrophin releasing hormone, and tachykinin ultimately leading to augmentation of GH secretion, the pubertal growth spurt, and fusion of the growth plates. Many other hormones can affect the GH‐IGF‐I system or directly affect cell proliferation at the growth plate including thyroid hormone, vitamin D, and corticosteroids. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex differences in tool use acquisition in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Boose Klaree J. , White Frances J. , Meinelt Audra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAll the great ape species are known tool users in both the wild and captivity, although there is great variation in ability and behavioral repertoire. Differences in tool use acquisition between chimpanzees and gorillas have been attributed to differing levels of social tolerance as a result of differences in social structure. Chimpanzees also show sex differences in acquisition and both chimpanzees and bonobos demonstrate a female bias in tool use behaviors. Studies of acquisition are limited in the wild and between species comparisons are complicated in captivity by contexts that often do not reflect natural conditions. Here we investigated tool use acquisition in a captive group of naïve bonobos by simulating naturalistic conditions. We constructed an artificial termite mound fashioned after those that occur in the wild and tested individuals within a social group context. We found sex differences in latencies to attempt and to succeed where females attempted to fish, were successful more quickly, and fished more frequently than males. We compared our results to those reported for chimpanzees and gorillas. Males across all three species did not differ in latency to attempt or to succeed. In contrast, bonobo and chimpanzee females succeeded more quickly than did female gorillas. Female bonobos and female chimpanzees did not differ in either latency to attempt or to succeed. We tested the social tolerance hypothesis by investigating the relationship between tool behaviors and number of neighbors present. We also compared these results to those reported for chimpanzees and gorillas and found that bonobos had the fewest numbers of neighbors present. The results of this study do not support the association between number of neighbors and tool behavior reported for chimpanzees. However, bonobos demonstrated a similar sex difference in tool use acquisition, supporting the hypothesis of a female bias in tool use inPan. Am. J. Primatol. 75:917–926, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A commanding view of the Pacific: highland land use as viewed from Vainu'u, a multi‐component site on Tutuila Island, American Samoa
Authors: Eckert Suzanne L. , Welch Daniel R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe discuss recent findings from Vainu'u (AS‐32‐016), a multi‐component highland site on Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Vainu'u is of interest for at least three reasons. First, as the earliest recorded highland site in the Samoan archipelago, this site changes our understanding of the Samoan cultural chronology. Second, as a ceramic‐bearing site, material culture recovered from Vainu'u complements assemblages recovered from lowland and coastal sites. Third, the post‐ceramic occupation observed at Vainu'u provides interesting insights into residential occupation during the Monument Building Period.
An optimal aircraft fleet management decision model under uncertainty
Authors: Khoo Hooi Ling , Teoh Lay Eng 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYDecision planning for an efficient fleet management is crucial for airlines to ensure a profit while maintaining a good level of service. Fleet management involves acquisition and leasing of aircraft to meet travelers' demand. Accordingly, the methods used in modeling travelers' demand are crucial as they could affect the robustness and accuracy of the solutions. Compared with most of the existing studies that consider deterministic demand, this study proposes a new methodology to find optimal solutions for a fleet management decision model by considering stochastic demand. The proposed methodology comes in threefold. First, a five‐step modeling framework, which is incorporated with a stochastic demand index (SDI), is proposed to capture the occurrence of uncertain events that could affect the travelers' demand. Second, a probabilistic dynamic programming model is developed to optimize the fleet management model. Third, a probable phenomenon indicator is defined to capture the targeted level of service that could be achieved satisfactorily by the airlines under uncertainty. An illustrative case study is presented to evaluate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The results show that it is viable to provide optimal solutions for the aircraft fleet management model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAR exposure from UHF RFID reader in adult, child, pregnant woman, and fetus anatomical models
Authors: Fiocchi Serena , Markakis Ioannis A. , Ravazzani Paolo , Samaras Theodoros 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe spread of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices in ubiquitous applications without their simultaneous exposure assessment could give rise to public concerns about their potential adverse health effects. Among the various RFID system categories, the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID systems have recently started to be widely used in many applications. This study addresses a computational exposure assessment of the electromagnetic radiation generated by a realistic UHF RFID reader, quantifying the exposure levels in different exposure scenarios and subjects (two adults, four children, and two anatomical models of women 7 and 9 months pregnant). The results of the computations are presented in terms of the whole‐body and peak spatial specific absorption rate (SAR) averaged over 10 g of tissue to allow comparison with the basic restrictions of the exposure guidelines. The SAR levels in the adults and children were below 0.02 and 0.8 W/kg in whole‐body SAR and maximum peak SAR levels, respectively, for all tested positions of the antenna. On the contrary, exposure of pregnant women and fetuses resulted in maximum peak SAR10 g values close to the values suggested by the guidelines (2 W/kg) in some of the exposure scenarios with the antenna positioned in front of the abdomen and with a 100% duty cycle and 1 W radiated power. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:443–452. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Synthesis and Biological Assessment of (+)‐Neopeltolide and a 16‐Member Stereoisomer Library of 8,9‐Dehydroneopeltolide: Identification of Pharmacophoric Elements
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Kawakami Masato , Noto Kenkichi , Muto Takashi , Suga Yuto , Konoki Keiichi , Yotsu‐Yamashita Mari , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe describe herein a concise synthesis of (+)‐neopeltolide, a marine macrolide natural product that elicits a highly potent antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. Our synthesis exploited the powerful bond‐forming ability and high functional group compatibility of olefin metathesis and esterification reactions to minimize manipulations of oxygen functionalities and to maximize synthetic convergency. Our findings include a chemoselective olefin cross‐metathesis reaction directed by H‐bonding, and a ring‐closing metathesis conducted under non‐high dilution conditions. Moreover, we developed a 16‐member stereoisomer library of 8,9‐dehydroneopeltolide to systematically explore the stereostructure–activity relationships. Assessment of the antiproliferative activity of the stereoisomers against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, MCF‐7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma, and P388 murine leukemia cell lines has revealed marked differences in potency between the stereoisomers. This study provides comprehensive insights into the structure–activity relationship of this important antiproliferative agent, leading to the identification of the pharmacophoric structural elements and the development of truncated analogues with nanomolar potency.
Abyssal connections of Antarctic Bottom Water in a Southern Ocean State Estimate
Authors: van Sebille Erik , Spence Paul , Mazloff Matthew R. , England Matthew H. , Rintoul Stephen R. , Saenko Oleg A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAntarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is formed in a few locations around the Antarctic continent, each source with distinct temperature and salinity. After formation, the different AABW varieties cross the Southern Ocean and flow into the subtropical abyssal basins. It is shown here, using the analysis of Lagrangian trajectories within the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) model, that the pathways of the different sources of AABW have to a large extent amalgamated into one pathway by the time it reaches 31°S in the deep subtropical basins. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current appears to play an important role in the amalgamation, as 70% of the AABW completes at least one circumpolar loop before reaching the subtropical basins. This amalgamation of AABW pathways suggests that on decadal to centennial time scales, changes to properties and formation rates in any of the AABW source regions will be conveyed to all three subtropical abyssal basins.
Active blind thrusts beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area: Seismic hazards and inversion tectonics
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuya , Sato Hiroshi , Kato Naoko , Nakayama Toshio , Abe Susumu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Tokyo metropolitan area, underlain by Neogene and Quaternary sediments more than 5 km thick, is currently deformed by blind thrusts that could generate hazardous earthquakes. However, their little geomorphic expression and dense urbanization make understanding of folds produced above them and recent deformation highly elusive. Here we show subsurface geometries of several active blind thrusts beneath this highly urbanized area, based on tectonic landforms, high‐resolution seismic reflection data, and Quaternary stratigraphy. Deep seismic reflection profiles corroborate the notion that steeply dipping blind thrusts are reactivated normal faults originally formed by middle Miocene extensional tectonics. Despite very slow (less than 0.1 mm/yr) late Quaternary slip rates, our work suggests the presence of previously unrecognized faults that pose seismic hazards to Tokyo and outlying communities, highlighting the need for additional information to define recent slip rates, magnitude, and recurrence of past earthquakes on them.
Hyperpycnal plume‐derived fans in the Santa Barbara Channel, California
Authors: Warrick Jonathan A. , Simms Alexander R. , Ritchie Andy , Steel Elisabeth , Dartnell Pete , Conrad James E. , Finlayson David P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHyperpycnal gravity currents rapidly transport sediment across shore from rivers to the continental shelf and deep sea. Although these geophysical processes are important sediment dispersal mechanisms, few distinct geomorphic features on the continental shelf can be attributed to hyperpycnal flows. Here we provide evidence of large depositional features derived from hyperpycnal plumes on the continental shelf of the northern Santa Barbara Channel, California, from the combination of new sonar, lidar, and seismic reflection data. These data reveal lobate fans directly offshore of the mouths of several watersheds known to produce hyperpycnal concentrations of suspended sediment. The fans occur on an upwardly concave section of the shelf where slopes decrease from 0.04 to 0.01, and the location of these fans is consistent with wave‐ and auto‐suspending sediment gravity current theories. Thus, we provide the first documentation that the morphology of sediment deposits on the continental shelf can be dictated by river‐generated hyperpycnal flows.
WAITING TIME AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS—AN INDIVIDUAL‐LEVEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Monstad Karin , Engesæter Lars Birger , Espehaug Birgitte 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWaiting time is a rationing mechanism that is used in publicly funded healthcare systems. From an equity viewpoint, it is regarded as preferable to co‐payments. However, long waits are an indication of poor quality of service. To our knowledge, this analysis is the first to benefit from individual‐level data from administrative registers to investigate the relationship between waiting time, income, and education. Furthermore, it makes use of an extensive set of medical information that serves as indicators of patient need. Differences in waiting time by socioeconomic status are detected. For men, there is a statistically highly significant negative association between income and waiting time, driven by men in the highest income group, which constitutes 12% of all men. More educated women, that is, those having an education above compulsory schooling, experience lower waiting time than their fellow sisters with the lowest level of education. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of Norway spruce and sugarcane bagasse after treatment with 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium formate
Authors: Soudham Venkata Prabhakar , Gräsvik John , Alriksson Björn , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Jönsson Leif J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in lignocellulosic materials suffers from slow reaction rates due to limited access to enzyme adsorption sites and to the high crystallinity of the cellulose. In this study, an attempt was made to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis by pretreatment of cellulosic materials using the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium formate ([Amim][HCO2]) under mild reaction conditions. The effect of the IL was compared with that of thermochemical pretreatment under acidic conditions.RESULTSThe lignocellulosic substrates investigated were native and thermochemically pretreated Norway spruce and sugarcane bagasse. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) was included for comparison. The IL treatments were performed in the temperature range 45–120 °C and, after regeneration and washing of the cellulosic substrates, enzymatic saccharification was carried out at 45 °C for 72 h. After 12 h of hydrolysis, the glucose yields from regenerated native spruce and sugarcane bagasse were up to nine times higher than for the corresponding untreated substrates. The results also show positive effects of pretreatment using [Amim][HCO2] on the hydrolysis of xylan and mannan.ConclusionThe present work demonstrates that both native wood and agricultural residues are readily soluble in [Amim][HCO2] under gentle conditions, and that pretreatment with ionic liquids such as [Amim][HCO2] warrants further attention as a potential alternative to conventional pretreatment techniques. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
On the occurrence of equatorial F‐region irregularities during solar minimum using radio occultation measurements
Authors: Carter B. A. , Zhang K. , Norman R. , Kumar V. V. , Kumar Sushil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe technique of radio occultation (RO) is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for studying equatorial F‐region irregularities (EFIs) associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. The extensive 4.9 year RO dataset of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) satellites was employed in this study and contains EFI observations under a wide variety of solar and geomagnetic conditions. From an analysis of the EFI occurrence dependence on season/longitude, it is found that the EFI occurrence statistics largely match those reported previously, with the exception of an equinoctial EFI occurrence maximum in the American sector that is absent from previous studies. It is revealed that this maximum is due to enhanced EFI occurrence near the South Atlantic anomaly, where EFIs are expected to be suppressed by particle precipitation. An investigation into the solar activity dependence of the EFI occurrence characteristics revealed significant increases in the range of local times and latitudes with solar activity for most longitude sectors and seasons. Finally, the EFI suppression and enhancement effects of storm‐time electric fields are also investigated using the COSMIC data.
Electrostatic Solitary Waves in the Solar Wind: Evidence for Instability at Solar Wind Current Sheets
Authors: Malaspina David M. , Newman David L. , Willson Lynn B. , Goetz Keith , Kellogg Paul J. , Kerstin Kris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA strong spatial association between bipolar electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) and magnetic current sheets (CSs) in the solar wind is reported here for the first time. This association requires that the plasma instabilities (e.g., Buneman, electron two stream) which generate ESWs are preferentially localized to solar wind CSs. Distributions of CS properties (including shear angle, thickness, solar wind speed, and vector magnetic field change) are examined for differences between CSs associated with ESWs and randomly chosen CSs. Possible mechanisms for producing ESW‐generating instabilities at solar wind CSs are considered, including magnetic reconnection.
Observations of polar cap flow channel and plasma sheet flow bursts during substorm expansion
Authors: Pitkänen T. , Aikio A. T. , Juusola L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present the first simultaneous observations of an enhanced polar cap flow impinging on the nightside polar cap boundary (PCB), two flow bursts in the plasma sheet and a conjugate ionospheric flow burst within the auroral oval. The ionospheric measurements on 3 September 2006 were made by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radars and the magnetospheric measurements by the four Cluster spacecraft. In the end of a substorm growth phase, EISCAT measured a channel of enhanced equatorward plasma flow within the polar cap, which was about 1° wide in latitude and drifted slowly equatorward. During the substorm expansion phase, the PCB started to contract poleward. The interaction between the equatorward drifting polar cap flow channel and the poleward contracting PCB took 2–3 min. During this time, the F‐region electron temperature was elevated at the PCB, which is interpreted as a possible signature of an auroral poleward boundary intensification (PBI). After that, enhanced equatorward flows were measured inside the auroral oval by EISCAT. During this period, the Cluster satellites measured two fast earthward flow bursts in the plasma sheet, which were associated with dipolarizations of the magnetic field, depletions in plasma density, and return flows. We suggest that the second flow burst in the plasma sheet represents the same flow burst that is seen in the ionosphere by EISCAT and propose that the plasma sheet flow bursts were triggered by the enhanced flow structure on open polar cap field lines. The suggestion is in line with Lyons et al. (2011).