bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law invariant risk measures on L
∞ (ℝ
d
)
Authors: Ekeland Ivar , Schachermayer Walter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Kusuoka (2001) has obtained explicit representation theorems for comonotone risk measures and, more generally, for law invariant risk measures. These theorems pertain, like most of the previous literature, to the case of scalar-valued risks.
Jouini, Meddeb, and Touzi (2004) and Burgert and Rüschendorf (2006) extended the notion of risk measures to the vector-valued case. Recently Ekeland, Galichon, and Henry (2009) and Rüschendorf (2006, 2010) obtained extensions of the above theorems of Kusuoka to this setting. Their results were confined to the regular case.
In general, Kusuoka´s representation theorem for comonotone risk measures also involves a singular part. In the present work we give a full generalization of Kusuoka´s theorems to the vector-valued case. The singular component turns out to have a richer structure than in the scalar case.
Test on components of mixture densities
Authors: Autin Florent , Pouet Christophe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with statistical tests on the components of mixture densities. We propose to test whether the densities of two independent samples of independent random variablesY1,...,YnandZ1,...,Znresult from the same mixture ofMcomponents or not. We provide a test procedure which is proved to be asymptotically optimal according to the minimax setting. We extensively discuss the connection between the mixing weights and the performance of the testing procedure; this link had never been clearly established up to now.
Well-balanced Lévy driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Schnurr Alexander , Woerner Jeannette H. C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the well-balanced Lévy driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process as a moving average process of the form X

t
= ∫ exp(-λ|t-u|)dL

u

. In contrast to Lévy driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes the well-balanced form possesses continuous sample paths and an autocorrelation function which is decreasing not purely exponential but of the order λ|u|exp(-λ|u|). Furthermore, depending on the size of λ it allows both for positive and negative correlation of increments. We indicate how the well-balanced Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process might be used as mean or volatility process in semimartingale models.
Conditional risk and acceptability mappings as Banach-lattice valued mappings
Authors: Kovacevic Raimund M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Conditional risk and acceptability mappings quantify the desirability of random variables (e.g. financial returns) by accounting for available information. In this paper the focus lies on acceptability mappings, concave translation-equivariant monotone mappings
L

p
(Ω,F,ℙ) →
L

p´(Ω,F´,ℙ) with 1 ≤ p´ ≤ p ≤ ∞, where the σ-algebras F´ ⊂ F describe the available information. Based on the order completeness of
L

p
(Ω,F,ℙ)-spaces, we analyze superdifferentials and concave conjugates of conditional acceptability mappings. The related results are used to show properties of two important classes of multi-period valuation functionals: SEC-functionals and additive acceptability compositions. In particular, we derive a chain rule for superdifferentials and use it for characterizing the conjugates of additive acceptability compositions and SEC-functionals.
PCA-kernel estimation
Authors: Biau Gérard , Mas André 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Many statistical estimation techniques for high-dimensional or functional data are based on a preliminary dimension reduction step, which consists in projecting the sample X
1,...,X

n
onto the first D eigenvectors of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) associated with the empirical projector ^ Π
D
. Classical nonparametric inference methods such as kernel density estimation or kernel regression analysis are then performed in the (usually small) D-dimensional space. However, the mathematical analysis of this data-driven dimension reduction scheme raises technical problems, due to the fact that the random variables of the projected sample (^Π
D

X
1,...,^Π
D

X

n
) are no more independent. As a reference for further studies, we offer in this paper several results showing the asymptotic equivalencies between important kernel-related quantities based on the empirical projector and its theoretical counterpart. As an illustration, we provide an in-depth analysis of the nonparametric kernel regression case.
Stable stopping
Authors: Treviño Aguilar Erick 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe discuss a general framework of optimal stopping under constraints. We extend the Snell envelope and the characterization of optimal stopping times to our framework with constraints and give a condition which ensures the existence of a right-continuous version. We then study non-constrained stopping problems which are penalized with Lagrange multipliers. We are going to see that this family of problems approximate the expected reward of the constrained problem and allow us to construct optimal stopping times.
Ordering of multivariate risk models with respect to extreme portfolio losses
Authors: Mainik Georg , Rüschendorf Ludger 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The notion of asymptotic portfolio loss order is introduced to compare multivariate stochastic risk models with respect to extreme portfolio losses. In the framework of multivariate regular variation comparison criteria are derived in terms of spectral measures. This allows for analytical and numerical verification in applications. Worst and best case dependence structures with respect to the asymptotic portfolio loss order are determined. Comparison criteria in terms of further stochastic ordering notions are derived. The examples include elliptical distributions and multivariate regularly varying models with Gumbel, Archimedean, and Galambos copulas. Particular interest is paid to the inverse influence of dependence on the diversification of risks with infinite expectations.
Time consistency of multi-period distortion measures
Authors: Fasen Vicky , Svejda Adela 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Dynamic risk measures play an important role for the acceptance or non-acceptance of risks in a bank portfolio. Dynamic consistency and weaker versions like conditional and sequential consistency guarantee that acceptability decisions remain consistent in time. An important set of static risk measures are so-called distortion measures. We extend these risk measures to a dynamic setting within the framework of the notions of consistency as above. As a prominent example, we present the Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR).
Bottle-feeding and the Risk of Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Krogh Camilla , Biggar Robert J. , Fischer Thea K. , Lindholm Morten , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES:Bottle-feeding has been suggested to increase the risk of pyloric stenosis (PS). However, large population-based studies are needed. We examined the effect of bottle-feeding during the first 4 months after birth, by using detailed data about the timing of first exposure to bottle-feeding and extensive confounder information.METHODS:We performed a large population-based cohort study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort, which provided information on infants and feeding practice. Information about surgery for PS was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. The association between bottle-feeding and the risk of PS was evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) estimated in a Cox regression model, adjusting for possible confounders.RESULTS:Among 70 148 singleton infants, 65 infants had surgery for PS, of which 29 were bottle-fed before PS diagnosis. The overall HR of PS for bottle-fed infants compared with not bottle-fed infants was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.78–7.65). Among bottle-fed infants, risk increases were similar for infants both breast and bottle-fed (HR: 3.36 [95% CI: 1.60–7.03]), formerly breastfed (HR: 5.38 [95% CI: 2.88–10.06]), and never breastfed (HR: 6.32 [95% CI: 2.45–16.26]) (P = .76). The increased risk of PS among bottle-fed infants was observed even after 30 days since first exposure to bottle-feeding and did not vary with age at first exposure to bottle-feeding.CONCLUSIONS:Bottle-fed infants experienced a 4.6-fold higher risk of PS compared with infants who were not bottle-fed. The result adds to the evidence supporting the advantage of exclusive breastfeeding in the first months after birth.
Tanner Stage 4 Breast Development in Adults: Forensic Implications
Authors: Rosenbloom Arlan L. , Rohrs Henry J. , Haller Michael J. , Malasanos Toree H. 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Forensic testimony in alleged child pornography cases commonly asserts that Tanner stage (TS) 4 breast development, characterized by secondary mounding of the areola that is obliterated in TS 5, is evidence of age &lt;18 years. Clinical experience does not support this notion, but there are no relevant studies. We sought to estimate how frequently TS 4 might be interpreted from nonclinical images by individual forensic experts.

METHOD:
Published images of 547 adult women were independently examined by the authors and classified as having TS 4 or TS 5 breast development.

RESULTS:
There was concordance among all 4 of the examiners for 17 of the images, agreement of 3 of the examiners on another 36 images, of 2 examiners on 39 images, and 53 images were designated TS 4 by only 1 examiner, for a total of 153 (26.5%) images that could have been considered by a single forensic expert to represent TS 4.

CONCLUSIONS:
A substantial number of adults have persistent TS 4 breast development. This observation, and the frequent difficulty distinguishing TS 4 from TS 5, even by adolescent development specialists, especially in nonclinical images, renders testimony based on this distinction invalid. Without clinical relevance for distinguishing these advanced stages of breast development, they should both be considered indicative of full maturation. Testimony based on this inappropriate test of maturity should no longer be allowed.
Preterm Birth and Congenital Heart Defects: A Population-based Study
Authors: Laas Enora , Lelong Nathalie , Thieulin Anne-Claire , Houyel Lucile , Bonnet Damien , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Kayem Gilles , Goffinet François , Khoshnood Babak 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Preterm birth (PTB) and congenital heart defect (CHD) are 2 major causes of mortality and disability of perinatal origin. There are limited data on the relation between CHD and PTB. Our objective was to use population-based data to estimate the risk of PTB in newborns with CHD and to study specific associations between categories of CHD and PTB.

METHODS:
We used data from a population-based cohort study of CHD (EPIdémiologique sur le devenir des enfants porteurs de CARDiopathies congénitales study), including 2189 live births with CHD (excluding isolated atrial septal defects) born between 2005 and 2008. We categorized CHD by using an anatomic and clinical classification. Data from the French National Perinatal Survey of 2003 were used to compare PTB in the EPIdémiologique sur le devenir des enfants porteurs de CARDiopathies congénitales study to that of the general population.

RESULTS:
Of the newborns with CHD, 13.5% were preterm. The odds of PTB were twofold higher than for the general population (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.6–2.5), essentially due to an increase in spontaneous PTB for newborns with CHD. The risk of PTB associated with CHD persisted after exclusion of chromosomal or other anomalies. There were significant variations in risk of PTB across the categories of CHD after adjustment for known risk factors of PTB and factors related to medical management of pregnancy and delivery.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found a higher risk of PTB in newborns with CHD, which was essentially due to spontaneous PTB. Risk of PTB varied for categories of CHD. Our finding may be helpful for generating hypotheses about the developmental links between CHD and PTB.
Pediatric Sleep Disorders and Special Educational Need at 8 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bonuck Karen , Rao Trupti , Xu Linzhi 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES:To examine associations between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and behavioral sleep problems (BSPs) through 5 years of age and special educational need (SEN) at 8 years.METHODS:Parents in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children reported on children’s snoring, witnessed apnea, and mouth-breathing at 6, 18, 30, 42, and 57 months, from which SDB symptom trajectories, or clusters, were derived. BSPs were based on report of ≥5 of 7 sleep behaviors at each of the 18-, 30-, 42-, and 57-month questionnaires. Parent report of SEN (yes/no) at 8 years was available for 11 049 children with SDB data and 11 467 children with BSP data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict SEN outcome by SDB cluster and by cumulative report of SEN.RESULTS:Controlling for 16 putative confounders, previous history of SDB and BSPs was significantly associated with an SEN. BSPs were associated with a 7% increased odds of SEN (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.15), for each ∼1-year interval at which a BSP was reported. SDB, overall, was associated with a near 40% increased odds of SEN (95% CI 1.18–1.62). Children in the worst symptom cluster were 60% more likely to have an SEN (95% CI 1.23–2.08).CONCLUSIONS:In this population-based longitudinal study, history of either SDB or BSPs in the first 5 years of life was associated with increased likelihood of SEN at 8 years of age. Findings highlight the need for pediatric sleep disorder screening by early interventionists, early childhood educators, and health professionals.
Optical Fibers in Integrated Molecular Sensor Systems – More Than Interconnects
Authors: Yang Xuan , Gu Claire 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTOptical fibers have been successfully used in long-haul communication, endoscopy, and other optical systems to transmit optical power as well as information from one point to another, serving as interconnects at various scales. In integrated sensor systems, optical fibers have been frequently employed to connect the source and the detector, due to their flexibility, compactness, and low loss. However, optical fibers can provide more functions than a simple transmission channel. In this paper, we review our work on optical fibers as a platform for molecular sensors based on Raman spectroscopy (RS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The fibers serve to significantly increase the sensitivity of RS/SERS and to facilitate the integration of a compact sensor system. We will discuss the principles of operation of various building blocks, demonstrate our recent results, and highlight some potential applications.
Novel device for implementation of WDM in the visible spectrum
Authors: Louro P. , Vieira M. , Vieira M. A. , Silva V. , Fantoni A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report the use of a device based on two multilayered a-SiC:H/a-Si:H stacked heterostructures to photodetect and demultiplex optical signals of the visible spectrum. Both heterostructures were optimized for the detection of short and long wavelengths within the visible range. The optoelectronic characterization of the device includes spectral response measurements under reverse bias and using different optical steady state light conditions to soak the device. Results show that the device photocurrent signal measured using appropriate steady state optical bias, allows the separate detection of the input transmitted signals which enables the demultiplexing task. A numerical simulation, gives insight into the transduction mechanism to explain the device wavelength selective behavior.
Soapberry Bug (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) Native and Introduced Host Plants: Biogeographic Background of Anthropogenic Evolution
Authors: Carroll Scott P , Loye Jenella E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSoapberry bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) have recently colonized introduced and invasive plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), and they have rapidly differentiated as a result. These plants have been carried among continents at many places and times, and they may possess alien coevolutionary histories with other soapberry bug genera and species, exposing native bugs worldwide to both new challenges and new opportunities in host exploitation. To provide geographic and phylogenetic contexts for this human-catalyzed evolution, we analyzed the worldwide host relations of the three soapberry bug genera on native versus non-native sapinds. We found that the adopted introduced hosts are taxonomically distant from native hosts in six of seven global biogeographic regions. Only a few genera account for most of the introductions, and natives and non-natives are now reciprocally distributed across several pairs of continents. The evolutionary result may be local diversification, but also global convergence on currently rare bug phenotypes when plants with small endemic ranges are widely exported.
Two New Species of Verrucoentomon (Protura: Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) and a Key to Species
Authors: Shrubovych Julia , Bernard Ernest C 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Two new species of Verrucoentomon Rusek are described: V. anatoli n. sp. from Siberia and V. louisanne n. sp. from the Russian Far East. V. anatoli n. sp. is characterized by short, broad foretarsal sensilla c and e, presence of additional setae on head, presence of seta P1a on tergites I–VI and sensilliform abdominal accessory setae. V. louisanne n. sp. is characterized by broadened foretarsal sensilla b, g, and a', absence of seta P1a on tergites I–VI, sensilliform abdominal accessory setae and concave hind margin of comb VIII. Collection of V. shirampa from the Russian Far East also is reported. A key to Verrucoentomon spp. is provided.
Characterization of a Gene Encoding KK-42-Binding Protein in Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Liu Yan-Qun , Chen Miao-Miao , Li Qun , Li Yu-Ping , Xu Liang , Wang Hua , Zhou Qian-Kai , Sima Yang-Hu , Wei Zhao-Jun , Jiang De-Fu 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
KK-42 is an imidazole insect growth regulator. A (KK-42)-binding protein (KK-42BP) has been shown to be associated with diapause termination in pharate first instars of Antheraea yamamai (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). In this study, the (KK-42)-binding protein gene (ApKK-42BP) was characterized from Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) undergoing a winter diapause as a pupa. Homologous comparison revealed that KK-42BPs from A.pernyi and A.yamamai were closely related to the known minor yolk proteins from the lepidopterans Bombyx mori L., Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and Galleria mellonella L. The two KK-42BPs also contained a lipase-like region, as observed in the known lepidopteran yolk proteins. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that KK-42BP is a new member of the minor yolk proteins. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that ApKK-42BP mRNA was expressed in all of the tissues tested, throughout four developmental stages, and in both female and male. Both in the brain and hemolymph, expression of ApKK-42BP mRNA level was similar between nondiapause-destined and diapause-destined larval individuals. ApKK-42BP mRNA was expressed in the predia-pause period of diapause-destined pupae, disappeared in early diapause and diapause stage, and reappeared in the postdiapause stage. These expression patterns stated that a lack of KK-42BP is associated with pupal diapause and its expression may be critical to nondiapausing individuals. Our results suggested that the KK-42BP gene is likely involved in a function other than as a yolk protein.
Sexing Live Adults of the Three Species of Darkling Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Maeno Koutaro Ould , Nakamura Satoshi , Babah Mohamed Abdallahi Ould 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Adult darkling beetles are being used as a bioindicator of environmental pollution after locust control operations involving the use of chemical insecticides. Distinguishing between the sexes of the darkling beetle, Pimelia senegalensis Olivier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is very difficult because the external morphological characteristics are quite similar between the sexes. To help determine the sexes of live beetles of P.senegalensis for physiological studies, we test a new and simple technique for easy sexing without subjecting them to chilling, anesthesia, microscopic observation, or dissection. Almost all the adult beetles extend their heads after adequately feeding on either boiled spaghetti (98.0%) or rice (98.1%). If the head of a beetle is gently pressed into its pronotum with the fingers, the reproductive organ will protrude, that is, the genitalia will be visible from the tip of the abdomen. The beetles are easily sexed based on the shape of the genitalia. This method does not result in mortality and is applicable for other two species of darkling beetles Pimelia angulata Olivier and Pterolosia squalida Solier. In P. senegalensis, the ratio of females to males deviates are ≈9:1. Although significant differences are found in several external morphological characteristics between females and males, the range of values greatly overlap. This time-saving method can be used for sexing of the three species of darkling beetles.
A Cloud Computing System to Quickly Implement New Microarray Data Pre-processing Methods
Authors: Luo Dajie , Banerjee Prithish , James Harner E. , A. Mobley James , Chen Dongquan 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Pre-processing, including normalization of raw microarray data is crucial to microarray-related data analysis. It takes time and effort to build newly-developed algorithms into commercial software or locally developed systems. While most new algorithms emerge in the form of sharable R packages, it can be difficult for many biologists to apply them as soon as they are available. Currently, we rely on statisticians and experienced programmers to develop and implement code to access those R packages. Therefore, we need a robust procedure to quickly implement pre-processing methods as they appear. The newly emerging cloud computing concept has directed us toward a new way for providing an easily accessible service to the biologists without requiring them to have any programming knowledge in R.

Results:
Based on our earlier Java-based software tool JavaStat, we developed an internet based application prototype to upload data and carry out pre-processing applications that include normalization, statistical analyses and plots. More im-portantly, R packages, e. g., for newly-developed normalization methods, and GC-robust multichip algorithm (RMA) for exon arrays, can be easily incorporated into the system with limited inputs from a biologist or a programmer. The data are stored in the cloud and the R code runs on server.

Conclusion:
The newly emerged cloud computing concept provides us a new way to provide an easily accessible and up-to-date service to biologists, as evidenced by our JavaStat system to incorporate new pre-processing package as they ap-pear. Users can access the application with a newly incorporated module through the Web. We expect this and other simi-lar systems greatly decrease turn-around time, improve accessibility of newly developed R model for pre-processing algo-rithms.