bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transoral robotic surgery for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Lin Ho‐Sheng , Rowley James A. , Badr M. Safwan , Folbe Adam J. , Yoo George H. , Victor Lyle , Mathog Robert H. , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of base of tongue (BOT) resection via transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Study DesignCase seriesMethodsBetween June 2010 and May 2012, BOT resection via TORS was performed on 27 patients with OSAHS. Patients were excluded from this analysis if other concomitant upper airway procedures such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were performed, or if postoperative polysomnograms were not available.ResultsTwelve patients who underwent BOT resection alone were included in this study. The median age for these 12 patients was 48.5 (range, 19–64) and included nine females and three males. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 43.9 ± 41.1 preoperatively and 17.6 ± 16.2 postoperatively. This difference in AHI was statistically significant (P = 0.007) and reflected an average AHI reduction of 56.2 ± 28.3%. Statistical significant reductions in daytime somnolence level, as measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (13.7 ± 5.2 preoperatively vs. 6.4 ± 4.5 postoperatively, P <0.001), and snoring intensity, as reported by a bed partner using a Visual Analogue Scale (8.6 ± 1.2 preoperatively vs. 4.2 ± 1.9 postoperatively, P <0.001), were achieved. There was no statistical significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative body mass index (34.5 ± 7.3 vs. 33.5 ± 6.7, P = 0.296) or minimum oxygen saturation (83.3 ± 5.5% vs. 84.0 ± 6.4%, P = 0.680).ConclusionsThis is the first study looking at the use of TORS to address obstruction at the level of BOT only, not confounded by surgical alterations at other levels of upper airway. This preliminary result on the use of BOT resection via TORS for the treatment of patients with OSAHS is encouraging and warrants further investigations.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2012
A New Approach to Morphology Studies on Diacrylate Polymer Networks Using X‐Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Barszczewska‐Rybarek Izabela M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractX‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to characterize the morphology of diacrylate polymer networks, obtained by photoinduced homo‐ and copolymerizations. XRPD reveals the presence of three sized groups of microgel agglomerates. The dimensions of the microgel agglomerates (D) and the degree of conversion (DC) are explained by the monomer chemical structure, the strength of hydrogen bonds, and relate to selected polymer mechanical properties. The D value increases and the DC decreases as the strength of the hydrogen bonds increases. Copolymerization with monomers lacking groups forming strong hydrogen bonds results in more homogeneous networks with improved mechanical properties.magnified image
Analytic imperfect bifurcation theorem and the Liouville‐Gel’fand equation on a perturbed annular domain
Authors: Kan Toru , Miyamoto Yasuhito 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn imperfect bifurcation is studied in a framework of functional analysis. We obtain a sufficient condition for an imperfect bifurcation and classify the types of imperfect bifurcations when an analyticity condition is imposed. It is almost impossible to ascertain the assumptions of existing imperfect bifurcation theorems when the degenerate solution is not constant. Our sufficient condition does not require the inverse of the linearized operator. As a nontrivial application of our imperfect bifurcation theorem, we are concerned with the Liouville‐Gel’fand equation on a two‐dimensional perturbed annular domain.
Global Lp estimates for degenerate Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck operators with variable coefficients
Authors: Bramanti M. , Cupini G. , Lanconelli E. , Priola E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe consider a class of degenerate Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck operators in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{N}\!$\end{document}, of the kind

where (aij) is symmetric uniformly positive definite on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{p_{0}}$\end{document} (p0 ≤ N), with uniformly continuous and bounded entries, and (bij) is a constant matrix such that the frozen operator \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {A}_{x_{0}}$\end{document} corresponding to aij(x0) is hypoelliptic. For this class of operators we prove global Lp estimates (1 < p < ∞) of the kind:

We obtain the previous estimates as a byproduct of the following one, which is of interest in its own:

for any \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$u\in C_{0}^{\infty }\!\left( S_{T}\right) ,$\end{document} where ST is the strip \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{N}\times \left[-T,T\right]$\end{document}, T small, and L is the Kolmogorov‐Fokker‐Planck operator

with uniformly continuous and bounded aij's.
Near‐Infrared Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Low‐Energy Gap Oligomers Copolymerized into a High‐Gap Polymer Host
Authors: Steckler Timothy T. , Fenwick Oliver , Lockwood Toby , Andersson Mats R. , Cacialli Franco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on a fluorene–dioctyloxyphenylene wide‐gap host material copolymerized with a low‐gap emitter are presented. Various loadings (1, 2.5, 10, 20 mol%) of the low‐gap emitter are studied, with higher loadings leading to decreased efficiencies likely due to aggregation effects. While the 10 mol% loading resulted in almost pure NIR emission (>99.6%), the 1 mol% loading yielded optimum device performance, which is among the best reported to date for a unblended single‐layer pure polymer emitter, with an external quantum efficiencies of 0.04% emitting at 909 nm. The high spectral purity of the PLEDs combined with their performance support the methodology of copolymerization as an effective strategy for developing NIR PLEDs.magnified image
The relationship between balance control and vitamin D in Parkinson's disease—a pilot study
Authors: Peterson Amie L. , Mancini Martina , Horak Fay B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundBalance problems and falls are a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease. Vitamin D supplementation reduces falls and sway in neurologically intact elderly fallers, but effects in Parkinson's disease are not established.MethodsTo study this relationship and select outcome measures for a vitamin D intervention study, balance function and vitamin D concentration were quantified in a series of Parkinson's patients in a cross‐sectional, observational study. Participants underwent a battery of 5 balance tests.ResultsSerum vitamin D concentrations were correlated inversely with Parkinson's severity, as measured by the motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Among the balance measures, vitamin D concentrations were correlated with automatic posture responses to backwards translation, specifically with response strength and stance weight asymmetry.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that vitamin D plays a role in balance among patients with Parkinson's disease and identify specific outcome measures for detecting effects of vitamin D upon balance. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Response inhibition in motor conversion disorder
Authors: Voon Valerie , Ekanayake Vindhya , Wiggs Edythe , Kranick Sarah , Ameli Rezvan , Harrison Neil A. , Hallett Mark 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTConversion disorders (CDs) are unexplained neurological symptoms presumed to be related to a psychological issue. Studies focusing on conversion paralysis have suggested potential impairments in motor initiation or execution. Here we studied CD patients with aberrant or excessive motor movements and focused on motor response inhibition. We also assessed cognitive measures in multiple domains. We compared 30 CD patients and 30 age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched healthy volunteers on a motor response inhibition task (go/no go), along with verbal motor response inhibition (color‐word interference) and measures of attention, sustained attention, processing speed, language, memory, visuospatial processing, and executive function including planning and verbal fluency. CD patients had greater impairments in commission errors on the go/no go task (P < .001) compared with healthy volunteers, which remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and after controlling for attention, sustained attention, depression, and anxiety. There were no significant differences in other cognitive measures. We highlight a specific deficit in motor response inhibition that may play a role in impaired inhibition of unwanted movement such as the excessive and aberrant movements seen in motor conversion. Patients with nonepileptic seizures, a different form of conversion disorder, are commonly reported to have lower IQ and multiple cognitive deficits. Our results point toward potential differences between conversion disorder subgroups. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
The management of heat flow in deep mines
Authors: Wagner Horst 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing depth of mines, the management of heat has become a key issue for their design and operation. There are two main sources of heat: heat transfer from the rock mass into the mine workings and heat associated with mining operations. The principles of heat transfer from the rock mass are discussed and basic relationships presented. Sources of heat linked to mining operations are discussed. It is shown that in deep‐level mines, heat transfer from the rock mass accounts more than 75 % of total mine heat load. In highly mechanized coal mines, heat from the use of mining machinery is also significant. Some models of heat flow prediction for deep gold mines are presented. It is shown that in the case of deep mines, control of heat flow is more important than increasing refrigeration capacity. Examples of heat flow management methods are given.Furthermore, the paper deals with the effects of heat on the human body and mine cooling strategies for deep mines. In detail the effects of heat on a worker are examined, heat stress and heat tolerance discussed and methods of assessing heat stress in different mining situations presented. Experiences from deep South African gold mines highlight the adverse effects of heat stress environment on safety and labour productivity. The principal methods of cooling of deep and ultra deep mines are discussed. It is shown that auto‐compression of ventilation air is a deciding factor governing the choice of surface or underground cooling of ventilation air. In the case of deep and ultra deep mines, the use of chilled service water and ice slurry has shown to be the most cost effective means of mine cooling. In the case of ice slurry as cooling medium advantage is taken of the latent heat of ice which significantly reduces the amount of water required for mine cooling and hence the cost of pumping the water to surface. Cooling strategies for moderately deep, deep and ultra deep mines are discussed. Examples of cooling of deep long mine tunnels are given.
Auto‐calibration approach for k–t SENSE
Authors: Ponce Irene P. , Blaimer Martin , Breuer Felix A. , Griswold Mark A. , Jakob Peter M. , Kellman Peter 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe goal of this work is to increase the spatial resolution of training data, used by reconstruction methods such as k–t SENSE in order to calculate the missing data in a series of dynamic images, without compromising their temporal resolution or acquisition time.TheoryThe k‐t SENSE method allows dynamic imaging at high acceleration factors with high reconstruction quality. However, the low resolution training data required by k‐t SENSE may cause undesired temporal filtering effects in the reconstructed images.MethodsIn this work, a feedback regularization approach is applied to realize auto‐calibration of the k‐t SENSE algorithm. To that end, a full resolution training data set is calculated from the accelerated data itself using a TSENSE reconstruction. The reconstructed training data are then fed back for the actual k‐t SENSE reconstruction. For evaluation of our approach, temporal filtering effects are quantified by calculating the modulation transfer function and noise measurements are done by Monte‐Carlo simulations.ResultsComputer simulations and cardiac imaging experiments demonstrate an improved temporal fidelity of auto‐calibrated k‐t SENSE compared to standard k‐t SENSE.ConclusionAuto‐calibrated k‐t SENSE provides high quality reconstructions for dynamic imaging applications. Magn Reson Med 71:1123–1129, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost‐efficient vertical handover between cellular networks and WLAN based on HMIPv6 and IEEE 802.21 MIH
Authors: Park Jongdae , Ryu Hoyoung , Lee Soon Seok , Bae Sueng Jae , Lee Ju Yong , Kim Mihui , Chung Min Young 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn order to increase the capacity of wireless communication networks with minor changes and low cost, internetworking between cellular networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs) is considered as an attractive solution. In the internetworking of cellular networks and WLANs, a cost‐efficient vertical handover mechanism is required for seamless service provision. In this paper, we propose a cost‐efficient vertical handover mechanism for the packet‐based cellular networks and WLAN internetworking, where HMIPv6 and IEEE 802.21 are complementarily integrated to optimize the handover procedures. To design the mechanism, we introduce pre‐binding update and hierarchical packet forwarding concepts which can reduce handover signaling cost and delay. A mathematical model for handover rates and costs is proposed in order to analyze the proposed mechanism. In performance evaluation, we investigate how various factors affect handover rates and costs, and compare the proposed mechanism against the conventional mechanism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence of domain integrals for stress intensity factor extraction in 2‐D curved cracks problems with the extended finite element method
Authors: González‐Albuixech V.F. , Giner E. , Tarancón J.E. , Fuenmayor F.J. , Gravouil A. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe aim of this study is the analysis of the convergence rates achieved with domain energy integrals for the computation of the stress intensity factors (SIF) when solving 2‐D curved crack problems with the extended FEM (XFEM). Domain integrals, specially the J‐integral and the interaction integral, are widely used for SIF extraction and provide high accurate estimations with FEMs. The crack description in XFEM is usually realized using level sets. This allows to define a local basis associated with the crack geometry. In this work, the effect of the level set local basis definition on the domain integral has been studied. The usual definition of the interaction integral involves hypotheses that are not fulfilled in generic curved crack problems, and we introduce some modifications to improve the behavior in curved crack analyses. Despite the good accuracy of domain integrals, convergence rates are not always optimal, and convergence to the exact solution cannot be assured for curved cracks. The lack of convergence is associated with the effect of the curvature on the definition of the auxiliary extraction fields. With our modified integral proposal, the optimal convergence rate is achieved by controlling the q‐function and the size of the extraction domain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of silane functionalized carbon nanotubes‐silica hybrids as novel reinforcing fillers for solution styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Jia Hongbing , Ding Lifeng , Zhu Lijuan , Dai Xiu , Fei Xiang , Li Feng , Gong Xuedong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCarbon nanotubes‐silica (CNTs‐SiO2) nanohybrid filler was fabricated by coating inorganic silica on multi‐wall CNTs through a sol–gel process. The CNTs‐SiO2 nanohybrids were then functionalized by 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐MPTS) followed by compounding to solution styrene butadiene rubber (S‐SBR) through mechanical mixing. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the CNTs were coated by inorganic SiO2, and grafted with 3‐MPTS successfully. The functionalized CNTs‐SiO2 nanohybrids had a rough surface as revealed by transmission electron microscope images. After hybridization and grafting, the functionalized CNTs‐SiO2 nanohybrids still maintained the crystal structure of CNTs, which was determined by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectrum. The addition of nanohybrids accelerated the vulcanization process and improved the crosslinking degree of vulcanizates. With adding 10 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) functionalized CNTs‐SiO2, the mechanical properties of S‐SBR vulcanizates were improved significantly. The tensile moduli at 100% elongation (M100) and tensile strength had 54% and 28% increase, respectively. The incorporation of functionalized CNTs‐SiO2 nanohybrids also largely enhanced the storage modulus, and slightly increased the thermal conductivity of vulcanizates. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000–000, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reinforcement effect of biomass carbon and protein in elastic biocomposites
Authors: Jong Lei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiomass carbon (BC) and soy protein (SP) were used to reinforce natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. The particle size of BC was reduced and characterized with elemental analysis, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and particle size analysis. The rubber composite reinforced with the BC/SP and the composite reinforced with the BC of higher carbon content show useful tensile properties at an optimum filler fraction. The model analysis of the stress–strain behaviors provides insight into filler network characteristics. For the highly filled composites, the BC have less constraint on the polymer chains as shown by the temperature and frequency dependent modulus as well as the model analysis of stress softening effect. The presence of NR protein improves the filler–polymer adhesion for the composites reinforced with BC/SP. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Relationship between the umbilical cord coiling index and the umbilical blood flow at 11–13 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Nakamura Masamitsu , Hamada Shoko , Matsuoka Ryu , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to clarify the effects of umbilical cord coiling on the umbilical blood flow at 11–13 weeks of gestation.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among consecutive pregnant females at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Transabdominal ultrasound examinations were performed to obtain the umbilical coiling index (CI), the maximum umbilical arterial peak velocity at the free loop, the venous velocities at the free loop and the umbilical ring, and the umbilical arterial and venous flow volumes. After every measurement was standardized according to the crown‐rump length (CRL), correlations between the CI and these measurements were analyzed.ResultsA total of 364 subjects were enrolled. The CI significantly decreased in association with advancing gestation. There were significant correlations between the CRLs and the umbilical arterial peak velocities, the venous velocities at the free loop and the umbilical ring, and the umbilical arterial and venous flow volumes. The z‐scores of the umbilical arterial and venous velocimetries exhibited no significant correlations with the CI. The umbilical arterial and venous flow volumes were also not found to correlate with the CI.ConclusionsThe CI does not affect either the umbilical arterial or venous blood flow at 11–13 weeks of gestation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of high‐performance poly(pyrrolone imide)s from an unsymmetric phosphinated triamine
Authors: Lin Ching Hsuan , Li Chen Ming , Hsu Chin Kuang , Chang Hou Chien , Juang Tzong Yuan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHigh‐performance and flexible poly(pyrrolone imide)s (PPyIs) were firstly prepared by the reaction of dianhydrides with an unsymmetric phosphinated triamine, 1‐(3,4‐diaminophenyl)‐1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1‐(6‐oxido‐6H ‐dibenz <c,e> <1,2> oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)ethane (1), which was prepared by a facile, one‐pot procedure from the reaction DOPO, 4‐aminoacetophenone in excess o‐phenylenediamine in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid. Thermal properties of the resulting PPyIs were evaluated and compared with those of phosphinated polyimides with a similar structure. All of the prepared PPyIs films are tough and creasable. They display higher Tg (374–412 °C), lower coefficient of thermal expansion (34–46 ppm/°C), and better thermal stability (Td 5 wt %: 456–477 °C, 800 °C char yield: 59–63%) than analogous phosphinated polyimides. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2709–2715
Hydrophilic CO2‐based biodegradable polycarbonates: Synthesis and rapid thermo‐responsive behavior
Authors: Gu Lin , Qin Yusheng , Gao Yonggang , Wang Xianhong , Wang Fosong 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCommon CO2‐based biodegradable polycarbonates like poly(propylene carbonate) or poly(cyclohexene carbonate) are generally hydrophobic, leading to slow biodegradation rate and poor cell adhesion, which limit their applications in the biomedical field. Here hydrophilic polycarbonates were prepared by one‐pot terpolymerization of CO2, propylene oxide (PO), and 2‐((2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)oxirane (ME3MO) using binary Salen Co(III)‐Cl/PPNCl catalyst system. The resultant terpolymers showed one glass transition temperature (Tg), which decreased with the increase of ME3MO units in the terpolymers (FME3MO). Water contact angles of the resultant terpolymers with FME3MO of 4.2−23.6% were 68−25°, while that of poly(propylene carbonate) was 90°, indicating that the terpolymers became hydrophlilic. Furthermore, the terpolymers with FME3MO more than 25.8% exhibited reversible and rapid thermo‐responsive property in water, and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was highly sensitive to FME3MO. In particular, aqueous solution of the terpolymer with FME3MO of 72.6% showed a LCST around 35.2 °C, close to body temperature, which was promising for biomedical applications, especially for in vivo applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2834–2840.