bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic critical ischaemia of the legs
Authors: Amann-Vesti B. R. , Meier T. O. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryChronic critical ischaemia of the lower limb is the most severe form of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. It is characterised by acral rest pain and an ankle arterial pressure <50 mmHg and a toe arterial pressure of <30 mmHg for at least two weeks. If trophic lesions are present, then an ankle pressure <70 mmHg and a toe pressure < 50 mmHg are already sufficient for diagnosis of chronic critical ischaemia. The aim of treatment is limb preservation and a reduction in the cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For this to be achieved, the time to diagnosis and the time to revascularisation must be as short as possible. It is therefore important that patients with foot pain at rest undergo angiological work-up as rapidly as possible, especially if they also have risk factors for critical ischaemia (diabetes, renal failure). The same applies to patients with trophic skin lesions (fissure, ulcer) that do not heal within three weeks.Revascularisation is the most important therapeutic measure. Inhibition of platelet aggregation, optimum analgesia and early use of antibiotics if signs of an infection are present, are further important measures in addition to the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Amputation is the last therapeutic option.
Wound pain
Authors: Buset C. , Dziunycz P. , Frauchiger A.L. , Kaufmann F. , Jaberg-Bentele N. , Luder C. , Mohanna M.T. , Stieger P. , Weber B. , Mayer D.O. , Läuchli S. , Hafner J. , Gräni N. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn acute and chronic wounds, pain represents a common and central medical problem. Wound pain can be caused by multiple factors, such as macro- or microvascular as well as inflammatory processes.The basic concept of pain management is based on the WHO pain ladder. Often this concept of pain therapy remains insufficient. Apart from the conventionally used anal-getics, there are not yet established guidelines for the use of alternative substances.Ultimately the adequate wound pain therapy must be adjusted to each patient and his comorbidities.
Protecting the 'Na Plachtě' natural monument from development. A case study on the importance of public participation in environmental protection
Authors: Záhumenská Vendula 
Published: December 2014

Na Plachtě is located at the south-eastern edge of Hradec Králové where over the past 20 years conflicts of interests between environmentalists and local developers have arisen concerning the development and commercial use of the site. This case study is concerned with the importance of public participation in environmental issues and describes the specific opportunities for influencing environmental decision-making. The author refers to specific events which eventually resulted in the declaration of the Na Plachtě site as a “natural monument”; she also investigates opportunities for changing the landscape plan which would strengthen protection against any construction on the site. Other possibilities for influencing decision-making about issues of concern to the general public and which have an impact on the work of regional representatives are also discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging study of water absorption in thermally modified pine wood
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asadullah , Kekkonen Päivi M. , Ahola Susanna , Telkki Ville-Veikko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThermal modification is an environmentally friendly process that enhances the lifetime and properties of timber. In this work, the absorption of water in pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) samples, which were modified by the ThermoWood process, was studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gravimetric analysis. The modification temperatures were varied between 180°C and 240°C. The data shows that the modification at 240°C and at 230°C decreases the water absorption rate significantly and slightly, respectively, while lower temperatures do not have a noticeable effect. MR images reveal that free water absorption in latewood (LW) is faster than in earlywood (EW), but in the saturated sample, the amount of water is greater in EW. Individual resin channels can be resolved in the high-resolution images, especially in LW regions of the modified samples, and their density was estimated to be (2.7±0.6) mm-2. TheT2relaxation time of water is longer in the modified wood than in the reference samples due to the removal of resin and extractives in the course of the modification process.
Influence of exposure time, wood species and dimension on the remaining copper and chromium content in CC-treated wood after field and laboratory leaching tests
Authors: Bahmani Mohsen , Melcher Eckhard , Schmidt Olaf , Fromm Jörg 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Most studies on preservative depletion from treated wood are performed with small samples on a laboratory scale. Although these studies provided repeatable and constant test parameters, the results have little applicability to real conditions. Therefore, a series of laboratory tests were carried out according to CEN/TS 15119 part 1 and part 2 by means of EN 252 and non-standard sized Scots pine sapwood as well as spruce stakes. The stakes were impregnated by vacuum pressure with chromium (Cr)-copper(Cu)-containing wood preservative. For comparison, a set of 18 stakes per test parameter was installed at a test site (in ground use), whereby, every 4 months, three stakes from each series were removed for analysis. Both the time depending losses of metal as well as the remaining element contents were determined for samples exposed under lab conditions, whereas distribution and remaining element contents were measured for samples exposed in the field. The obtained data were evaluated regarding factors influencing the metal leaching, such as exposure time, wood species, or dimension. The results showed that wood species had a significant effect on the Cu depletion, while it had less influence on the Cr loss. Cr and Cu distribution in the standard and non-standard sized pine sapwood significantly changed as compared to spruce. In addition, comparison of the laboratory and field test results indicated that metal depletion is greater in field exposure compared to both laboratory tests.
An inexact Newton regularization in Banach
spaces based on the nonstationary iterated Tikhonov method
Authors: Margotti Fábio , Rieder Andreas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A version of the nonstationary iterated Tikhonov method was recently
introduced to regularize linear inverse problems in Banach spaces
[Inverse Problems 28 (2012), Article ID 104011]. In the present work we employ
this method as inner iteration of the inexact Newton regularization method
REGINN [Inverse Problems 15 (1999), 309–327] which stably
solves nonlinear ill-posed problems. Further, we propose and analyze
a Kaczmarz version of the new scheme which allows fast solution of problems
which can be split into smaller subproblems. As special cases we prove strong
convergence of Kaczmarz variants of the Levenberg–Marquardt and the iterated
Tikhonov methods in Banach spaces.
Gottes Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert angesichts evidenter Unrechtsverhältnisse in aller Welt zunächst zahlreiche Vorbehalte gegenüber jeder Rede von Gottes Gerechtigkeit. Er zeigt dann die Schwierigkeiten auf, unter dem Titel »Naturrecht« normative Zusammenhänge zu behaupten zwischen Gottes Gerechtigkeit, Regularitäten und Ordnungen in Natur und Kosmos und politischen, rechtlichen und moralischen Bemühungen um die Errichtung zwischenmenschlicher Wohlordnung. Die Annahme eines »Naturrechts« muss sich über die intrinsisch räuberische Verfassung von Natur und Leben hinwegsetzen. Nicht die Kräfte natürlichen Lebens, das auf Kosten von anderem Leben leben muss, sondern die gegenläufigen Kräfte der Liebe und der Barmherzigkeit, der freien, schöpferischen Selbstzurücknahme zugunsten anderen Lebens, die uns ebenso umgeben wie die Kräfte der Natur, verweisen auf Gottes Gerechtigkeit, die durch Gottes Wort und Gottes Geist den Menschen zuteil wird.
Bone Mineral Content and Density Among Female NCAA Division I Athletes Across the Competitive Season and Over a Multi-Year Time Frame
Authors: Stanforth Dixie , Lu Tao , Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew A. , Crim Brittany N. , Stanforth Philip R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Stanforth, D, Lu, T, Stults-Kolehmainen, MA, Crim, BN, and Stanforth, PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA Division I athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2828–2838, 2016—Longitudinal and cross-sectional bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) comparisons were made among impact and nonimpact sports. Female collegiate athletes, 18–23 years of age, from basketball (BB; n = 38), soccer (SOC; n = 47), swimming (SW; n = 52), track sprinters and jumpers (TR; n = 49), and volleyball (VB; n = 26) had BMC/BMD measures preseason and postseason over 3 years. Control groups of 85 college females, 18–24 years of age, who completed 2 tests 1–3 years apart and of 170 college females, 18–20 years of age, were used for the longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses, respectively. A restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed model regression analysis with a compound symmetric heterogeneous variance-covariance matrix structure was used for all analyses (p ≤ 0.05). Increases from year-1 preseason to year-3 postseason included the following: total BMC (3.3%), total BMD (1.4%), and spine BMD (4.5%) for BB; total BMC (1.5%) and leg BMD (1.2%) for SOC; arm (1.8%), leg (1.9%), and total BMD (5.7%) for SW; total BMC (2.0%), arm (1.7%), leg (2.3%), pelvis (3.4%), spine (6.0%), and total BMD (2.3%) for TR; and arm (4.1%), leg (2.0%), pelvis (2.0%), spine (2.0%), and total BMD (2.7%) for VB. Comparisons among sports determined that BB had higher BMC and BMD values than all other sports for all variables except spine and total BMD; BB, SOC, TR, and VB had higher total BMC (11–29%), leg BMD (13–20%), and total BMD (9–15%) than SW and CON, and there were few differences among SOC, TR, and VB. In conclusion, small, significant increases in many BMC and BMD measures occur during female athlete's collegiate careers. The BMC and BMD differences between impact and nonimpact sports are large compared with smaller differences within impact sports.
Farming of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Shirin , Hossain Md. Mer Mosharraf , Bappa Sanjoy Banerjee , Dey Bipul Kumar , Zaman Md. Farid Uz 
Published: December 2014

The study was carried out to know the present status of Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture in Bagerhat district, Bangladesh from March 2012 to January 2013. Education levels of farmers were found as illiterate (12.3%), primary (36.19%), secondary (20%), SSC (13.33%), HSC (12.38%) and graduate (5.71%). M. rosenbergii culture was the primary and secondary occupation of 80% and 20% farmers respectively. Average stocking density and production in extensive, improved extensive and semi-intensive culture were 9609, 11502 and 22847 per ha and 193, 284 and 488 kg/ha/year respectively; rearing period ranges from 6-10 months and survival rate varied from 55 to 60%. In improved extensive and semi-intensive culture 82.86% and 71.43% farmers applied farm-made feed instead of company feeds respectively and 11.43% and 37.14% farmers used both feeds. 91.43%, 80% and 68.57% respondents responded on normal to high mortality in extensive, improved extensive and semi-intensive culture respectively. Lack of finance and appropriate technology, scarcity of quality PL, diseases and inadequate extension work were major problems of prawn culture.
Water Enhancement Using Nanoparticles in Water Alternating Gas (WAG) Micromodel Experiments
Authors: Khezrnejad A. , James L. A. , Johansen T. E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Nanotechnology has found widespread application in a diverse range of industries. Researchers are now investigating whether nanotechnology can be applied to enhance oil recovery (EOR). The goal of enhanced oil recovery is to manipulate the fluid-fluid properties (interfacial tension, viscosity), and fluid-rock properties (contact angle, relative permeability) between the injected fluid and the residual oil phase to improve pore scale recovery efficiency. Adding nanoparticles to the injected water has been shown to improve oil recovery.
In this study, nanoparticles were added to the water phase of water alternating gas (WAG) and injected into waterflood residual oil in two dimensional glass micromodels to study the effect of the nanoparticles qualitatively at low pressures. Silicon oxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles, at different concentrations, were dispersed in the brine and injected as the water phase in WAG followed by air as the gas phase. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of the factors and interactions between the factors on oil recovery. The results from the micromodel studies indicate that adding a small amount of nanoparticles to the brine can enhance residual oil recovery.
SOX after Ten Years: A Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Coates John C. , Srinivasan Suraj 
Published: December 2014

SYNOPSIS
We review and assess research findings from more than 120 papers in accounting, finance, and law to evaluate the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We describe significant developments in how the Act was implemented and find that despite severe criticism, the Act and institutions it created have survived almost intact since enactment. We report survey findings from informed parties that suggest that the Act has produced financial reporting benefits. While the direct costs of the Act were substantial and fell disproportionately on smaller companies, costs have fallen over time and in response to changes in its implementation. Research about indirect costs such as loss of risk taking in the U.S. is inconclusive. The evidence for and social welfare implications of claimed effects such as fewer IPOs or loss of foreign listings are unclear. Financial reporting quality appears to have gone up after SOX but research on causal attribution is weak. On balance, research on the Act's net social welfare remains inconclusive. We end by outlining challenges facing research in this area, and propose an agenda for better modeling costs and benefits of financial regulation.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Crăciun Lucia , Crăciun P , Buicu F 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction: The psoriatic patients have an increased number of associated comorbidities. Of these, cardiovascular diseases present the highest incidence and severity. The understanding of the cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriatic arthritis was supported from the rheumatoid arthritis studies that suggested that patients with psoriatic arthritis have a risk of cardiovascular diseases similar to patients presenting rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of the metabolic syndrome further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in two groups of patients: those presenting psoriatic arthritis and those with rheumatoid arthritis.
Material and method: The study included two groups of patients: group one - 40 patients with psoriatic arthritis defined by Moll and Wright criteria, respectively the group two - 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis defined by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the consensus definition (incorporating IDF and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute -AHA/NHLBI definitions).
Results: We enrolled in the study 91 patients having a mean age of 57.7±10.4SD (54.7±10.2 SD psoriatic arthritis, 60.01±10.0 SD rheumatoid arthritis). The mean disease duration (years) was 4.12±4.1SD for psoriatic arthritis and 6.7±7.8SD for rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 67.5% in the group with psoriatic arthritis and 37.2% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The psoriatic patients had a higher prevalence of impared fasting glucose (52.5% vs 27.4%, p=0.018), and elevated trygliceride values as compared with those presenting rheumatoid arthritis (25% vs 11% p=0.0004).
Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increased in patients with psoriatic arthritis as compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Comparison of selected theoretical models of bubble formation and experimental results
Authors: Rząsa Mariusz R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Designers of all types of equipment applied in oxygenation and aeration need to get to know the mechanism behind the gas bubble formation. This paper presents a measurement method used for determination of parameters of bubbles forming at jet attachment from which the bubles are displaced upward. The measuring system is based on an optical tomograph containing five projections. An image from the tomograph contains shapes of the forming bubbles and determine their volumes and formation rate. Additionally, this paper presents selected theoretical models known from literature. The measurement results have been compared with simple theoretical models predictions. The paper also contains a study of the potential to apply the presented method for determination of bubble structures and observation of intermediate states.
Steady-state and transient heat transfer through fins of complex geometry
Authors: Taler Dawid , Taler Jan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Various methods for steady-state and transient analysis of temperature distribution and efficiency of continuous-plate fins are presented. For a constant heat transfer coefficient over the fin surface, the plate fin can be divided into imaginary rectangular or hexangular fins. At first approximate methods for determining the steady-state fin efficiency like the method of equivalent circular fin and the sector method are discussed. When the fin geometry is complex, thus transient temperature distribution and fin efficiency can be determined using numerical methods. A numerical method for transient analysis of fins with complex geometry is developed. Transient temperature distributions in continuous fins attached to oval tubes is computed using the finite volume - finite element methods. The developed method can be used in the transient analysis of compact heat exchangers to calculate correctly the heat flow rate transferred from the finned tubes to the fluid.
Fitness knowledge, cardiorespiratory endurance and body composition of high school students
Authors: Williams Skip M. , Phelps Dan , Laurson Kelly R. , Thomas David Q. , Brown Dale D. 
Published: December 2014

Summary
Study aim: The purpose of this study was to determine if high school physical education seniors’ health-related fitness knowledge is related to their aerobic capacity and body composition.
Material and methods: The FitSmart test assessed students (n = 171) health-related fitness knowledge. Aerobic capacity was calculated based on the students PACER score. Body Composition was measured using the Tanita TBF 300A body composition analyzer.
Results: Aerobic fitness was a statistically significant predictor of exam score (β = 0.563, p < 0.001), but percent body fat was not (β = 0.185, p =0.074). Comparing the health-related fitness exam scores by the FITNESSGRAM classification system, students who were classified as Very Lean and High Risk for body composition had lower exam scores than those classified in the healthy fitness zone.
Conclusions: The results confirmed previous findings that students have inadequate health-related fitness knowledge. Furthermore, the study extends these findings by identifying some associations of percent body fat and estimated VO2max to health-related fitness knowledge.
Studies of changes in electrical resistance of zinc oxide nanostructures under the influence of variable gaseous environments
Authors: Procek M. , Pustelny T. , Stolarczyk A. , Maciak E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the investigations concerning the influence of the changing gas environment on electrical resistance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. The investigated structures are wide-gap semiconductors with the morphology of ZnO flower-shaped agglomerates of nanostructures. The resistance changes of these nanostructures were tested under the influence of various gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) and also of humidity changes of carrier gases. To clarify the mechanisms of physicochemical processes in ZnO nanostructures during their interaction with gaseous environments, investigations were performed in two different carrier gases, viz. in synthetic air and in nitrogen. The study was carried out at a structure temperature of 200◦C.
Entropy generation minimization in steady-state and transient diffusional heat conduction processes Part I – Steady-state boundary value problem
Authors: Kolenda Z.S. , Szmyd J.S. , Huber J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An application of the Entropy Generation Minimization principle allows new formulation of the boundary and initial boundaryvalue problems. Applying Euler-Lagrange variational formalism new mathematical form of heat conduction equation describing steady-state processes have been derived. Mathematical method presented in the paper can also be used for any diffusion heat and mass transfer process. Linear and non-linear problems with internal heat sources have been analyzed.
A Hybrid Maximum Power Point Search Method Using Temperature Measurements in Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Mroczka Janusz , Ostrowski Mariusz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Photovoltaic panels have a non-linear current-voltage characteristics to produce the maximum power at only one point called the maximum power point. In the case of the uniform illumination a single solar panel shows only one maximum power, which is also the global maximum power point. In the case an irregularly illuminated photovoltaic panel many local maxima on the power-voltage curve can be observed and only one of them is the global maximum. The proposed algorithm detects whether a solar panel is in the uniform insolation conditions. Then an appropriate strategy of tracking the maximum power point is taken using a decision algorithm. The proposed method is simulated in the environment created by the authors, which allows to stimulate photovoltaic panels in real conditions of lighting, temperature and shading.