bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Studies on Simultaneous Recovery of Precious Metals from Different Waste Materials by Pyrometallurgical Method
Authors: Willner J. , Fornalczyk A. , Cebulski J. , Janiszewski K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Automotive catalytic converters have a limited life time, after which the catalyst must be replaced or regenerated. The spent catalytic converters contain small amount of precious metals. Recovery of these metals is essential for environmental and economic reasons. The waste electronic equipment is also an attractive source for recovery of precious metals. Precious metals in electronic scraps are concentrated mainly in printed circuits and integrated circuits - so generally in elements that are the most diverse in their composition. Material heterogeneity of these elements is the reason why there is no universal method for processing this type of scrap. Methods used in the world for recovery of precious metals from spent auto catalytic coverters and electronic wastes by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods were mentioned in this paper. The results of simultaneous melting of electronic waste with spent automotive catalysts were presented. The printed circuit boards were used as the carrier and as a source of copper. The precious metals present in the catalyst were collected in copper.
Systemic corticosteroids in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ninane Vincent 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) lead to a significant decrease in pulmonary function and quality of life and an increase in mortality. However, systemic use of corticosteroids is able to improve the conditions of patients in AECOPD. By a short review of several clinical trials, we suggest that 40 mg prednisone per day for 5 days should be recommended for the treatment of AECOPD with a preference for oral prednisolone.
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Immunoglobulin Interference in a Conjugated Bilirubin Assay
Authors: Song Lu , Kelly Kathleen A. , Butch Anthony W. 
Published: June 2014

Context.—Monoclonal proteins can interfere with the conjugated bilirubin assay on the Beckman Coulter AU5400 and AU2700 instruments and produce spurious results. Protein depletion eliminates the interference, suggesting that monoclonal proteins cause the problem.Objectives.—To determine the interference rate with the Beckman Coulter AU5400 and AU2700 conjugated bilirubin assay and to identify the interfering substance.Design.—Beckman Coulter bilirubin results from 33 720 samples analyzed during 6 months were evaluated for interference. On a subset of samples, protein G columns were used to specifically remove immunoglobulin G (IgG) to determine the cause of the interference. Another 117 samples containing a (known) monoclonal protein were selected to determine the interference rate.Results.—From 26 different patients, 103 samples had conjugated bilirubin results greater than the total bilirubin for a false-positive rate of 0.3%. Removal of IgG from a subset of those samples with IgG monoclonal protein and increased polyclonal IgG eliminated the conjugated bilirubin interference. In separate, selected samples containing monoclonal proteins, the false-positive interference rate was 7.7% (9 of 117) and was greatest when the monoclonal protein concentration was greater than 4 g/dL. Another 11 of the 117 samples (9.4%) with monoclonal proteins exhibited assay interference by producing false-negative results. The overall interference rate, therefore, was 17.1%.Conclusion.—The false-positive interference rate for the Beckman Coulter conjugated bilirubin assay was 0.3% for routinely analyzed serum/plasma samples. In addition to monoclonal proteins, we found that polyclonal immunoglobulins can also interfere with the conjugated bilirubin assay. The overall interference rate was 17.1% for samples with a monoclonal protein.
Les dones, l’amor i una elegia eròtica d’Ovidi en la vida i en l’obra poètica de Roís de Corella
Authors: Soler Molina Abel 
Published: June 2014

Resum: Roís de Corella fou un escriptor amb relacions amoroses juvenils, però amb fortes conviccions morals, que el portarien per un camí de perfecció i elevació espiritual, cosa que justifica la seua evolució temàtica. L’estudiant de teologia pren distància respecte dels predicadors medievals, però s’inspira en els clàssics llatins per a desenvolupar la seua creativitat literària i orientar-la cap a lliçons morals, amb un estil que crea escola. Fins i tot s’atreveix, als 23 anys, a transformar una elegia eròtica d’Ovidi –cristianament rectificada– en la Tragèdia de Caldesa: un experiment literari que fou molt aplaudit. . Paraules clau: Roís de Corella, Lletra consolatòria, Tragèdia de Caldesa, Ovidi, elegia llatina. Abstract: Roís de Corella was a writer with romantic juvenile relationships, but with strong moral convictions, which would lead down a path of perfection and spiritual elevation, which justifies his thematic evolution. The student of theology takes distance from the medieval preachers, but he was inspired by the Latin classics to develop his literary creativity and to orientate it towards moral lessons, with a style that creates his own school. Even he dares, at 23 years old, to transform an erotic elegy of Ovidi –rectified in a Christian way- in Caldesa Tragedy: a literary experiment that was very applauded.Keywords: Rois de Corella, Lletra consolatòria, Tragèdia de Caldesa, Ovidi, Latin elegy
L’erotisme a les Cartes a les Senyores dels Àngels i de Jerusalem, de Francesc Fontanella
Authors: Sogues Marc 
Published: June 2014

Resum: Aquest article se centra en l'estudi del tractament de l'erotisme en algunes de les composicions pòetiques de Francesc Fontanella (1622-1682/3). El treball estudia quinze epístoles literàries que l'autor va dedicar a les monges dels convents dels Àngels i de Jerusalem de Barcelona durant la dècada de 1640. Es divideix en dues parts; a la primera s'identifiquen les composicions objecte d'estudi, es presenten breument i s'aclareixen alguns problemes relacionats amb la seva transmissió. A la segona s'analitzen detalladament totes les referències eròtiques presents als textos. Aquesta anàlisi, d'una banda, permet presentar una interpretació del sentit argumental del conjunt epistolar. D'altra banda, permet de presentar una caracterització de la visió fontanellana de l'eròtic. Això últim es fa comprant aquesta visió amb l'habitual en el temps del barroc, i analitzant les estratègies retòriques i de representació de que l'autor se serveix en el tractament de l'erotisme. Paraules clau: literatura catalana moderna, barroc, eròtic, erotisme, Francesc Fontanella, Fontano, Belinda, Convent dels Àngels, Monestir de Jerusalem, dominics, dominiques, clarisses, orde religiós, prosa cavalleresca, frare blanc, poesia satírica, prosímetre, poesia burlesca, amors mongívols, devots de monges. Abstract: This article focuses on the study of the treatment of eroticism in some of the poetic compositions from Francesc Fontanella (1622-1682/3). The paper studies fiften literary epistles whisch Fontanella dedicated to the nuns of the convent of Els Àngels and Jerusalem of Barcelona during the 1640s. It is divided into two parts; to first, the compositions under study are identified and presented briefly, and some issues related to the transmission of these textes are clarified. The second part discusses in detail all erotic references present in text. This analysis, on one hand, allows to present an interpretation of the meaning of the whole story contained in the letters. Moreover, it allows to present a characterization of the erotic vision of Fontanella. This is done by comparing this vision with the usual one at the time of baroque, as well as by analyzing the rhetorical strategies and the representation strategies that the author uses in the treatment of eroticism . Keywords: modern Catalan literature, Baroque, erotic, eroticism, Francesc Fontanella, Fontano, Belinda, Convent of Els Angels, Monastery of Jerusalem, Dominicans, Dominican, nun of the Order of St Clare, religious order, chivalric prose, white friar, satirical poetry, burlesque poetry , nuns' devouts.
Regional winter climate of the southern central Andes: Assessing the performance of ERA‐Interim for climate studies
Authors: Rusticucci Matilde , Zazulie Natalia , Raga Graciela B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order to determine the feasibility of using reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) for climate studies over the southern central Andes in South America, we have compared the most recent version of different data sets available to the community. The data sets include gridded in situ observations: Climate Research Unit (CRU), Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and University of Delaware; merged satellite and in situ data: Global Precipitation Climatology Project; and satellite estimates: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. We pay particular attention to the region between 30° and 37°S and also the period 1970–1976 to evaluate the data sets. This is the period of maximum availability of meteorological stations in the region. Whereas all data sets provide an adequate representation of mean winter, GPCC provides the best for winter precipitation due to the large number of stations included in gridding. The CRU data set has fewer observations throughout the period. Although it cannot reproduce the localized maxima in the Andes, it provides a better representation of the regional precipitation and is best suited to evaluate trends. The temperature in the region is best estimated by CRU. We evaluate the ERA‐Interim reanalysis to determine potential shortcomings. The trends in the region were analyzed during the period 1979–2010, and while CRU indicates a significant decrease in winter precipitation, ERA‐Interim shows virtually no significant trends. Interannual variability is well represented by ERA‐Interim, and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which has been proven to be the principal source of year to year precipitation variability in the region, is highly correlated there.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: The Whole Is More Brilliant than the Parts
Authors: Mei Ju , Hong Yuning , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Qin Anjun , Tang Youhong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2014

“United we stand, divided we fall.”–Aesop.Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) refers to a photophysical phenomenon shown by a group of luminogenic materials that are non‐emissive when they are dissolved in good solvents as molecules but become highly luminescent when they are clustered in poor solvents or solid state as aggregates. In this Review we summarize the recent progresses made in the area of AIE research. We conduct mechanistic analyses of the AIE processes, unify the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) as the main cause for the AIE effects, and derive RIM‐based molecular engineering strategies for the design of new AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Typical examples of the newly developed AIEgens and their high‐tech applications as optoelectronic materials, chemical sensors and biomedical probes are presented and discussed.
Expression of lipid metabolism related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue from Chilota lambs grazing on two different pasture types
Authors: Gallardo Maria Asuncion , Cárcamo Juan Guillermo , Hiller Beate , Nuernberg Gerd , Nuernberg Karin , Dannenberger Dirk 
Published: June 2014

The focus of the present study was to investigate how the different chemical and botanical composition of two different pasture types, Calafatal pasture (CP) and naturalized pasture (NP), affect gene/protein expression levels of lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors (ACC, FAS, SCD1, and SREBP‐1c) as well as the concentrations of their fatty acid products in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Chilota lambs. Sixteen male Chilota lambs kept under different grazing conditions, CP versus NP, in Chiloé Archipelago (Chile) were included in the experiment. QRT‐PCR, western blot and fatty acid analysis were performed of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. Compared to NP, CP diet induced a 1.51‐fold increase of ACACA expression, a 1.60‐fold rise of FASN expression and a 1.56‐fold elevation of SREBF1 expression. SCD gene expression did not significantly differ between both feeding groups. Different pasture types did not affect protein expression levels of lipogenic enzymes (ACC, FAS, and SCD1) and transcription factor pSREBP‐1c (precursor form) and mSREBP‐1c (mature form) in subcutaneous fat of lambs. Amounts of single and the sum of saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in subcutaneous fat samples of lambs fed NP than of lambs fed CP. Concentrations of single PUFA and the sumn‐3 andn‐6 PUFA and then‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio were not affected by different pasture types. The inclusion of different adipose tissue depots and more sampling “endpoints” during animal growth may be beneficial to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary PUFA intervention affects the lipid metabolism of adipose tissues in lambs.Practical applications:Increasing public awareness of the health benefits attributable to PUFA (n‐3 PUFA) has stimulated interest in sources of these fatty acids for human consumption. In relation to lamb adipose and muscle tissue, it is considered a good source of nutrients such as PUFA, especially if lambs are fed on pastures rather than concentrates. This study provides deeper insights in the clarification of the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and fat partitioning in tissues of ruminants with special emphasis on lambs.Relative gene expression differences between subcutaneous fat samples of Chilota lambs grazing on two different pasture types, Calafatal pasture (CP) and naturalized pasture (NP).
Chemical changes in microwave heated vegetable oils
Authors: Kreps František , Vrbiková Lenka , Schmidt Štefan , Sekretár Stanislav , Híreš Ondrej 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of microwave heating on sunflower and corn oil in two types of microwave oven. The microwave ovens had the same output power and varied mainly in time of dissipation. The oil samples were heated for 90% and 70% of the total heating time by the two types of ovens, named as the first and the second oven, respectively, and the remaining time was dissipation pause. It was observed that greater dissipation pause in second microwave caused degradation of oil almost two times lower than did heating in the first microwave oil. In microwave heated oils the focus was on analysis of primary and secondary oxidation products, the fatty acids content, the tocopherol content and tocopherol degradation kinetics. The rate of tocopherol degradation in oils heated in the first oven was on average 2‐times higher than in the second oven. Oils heated for 10 min in the second oven were found to contain twice the tocopherol content, three times lower peroxide value, three times lower conjugated dienes and aldehydes compared with oils heated in the first type of oven. This is the first report about gentle microwave heating of oils and its dependence on time of heating and dissipation time.Practical applications: In order to dissipate heat during heating, microwave ovens are designed with different default magnetron pause. It was proved that in oils heated by microwave oven with longer dissipation pause there was less degradation of oils and their antioxidants. For the manufacturer it is important to conveniently select the lengths of heating a heat dissipation periods. By judicious selection of these two time characteristics healthier microwave heated food with lower degradation of lipids and their antioxidants can be obtained, since overheating is largely avoided.Peroxide values and decrease in tocopherol contents determined in sunflower oil during heating in two types of microwave ovens.
Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid sources and evaluation of their nutritional and functional properties
Authors: Abedi Elahe , Sahari Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent studies have clearly shown the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (as essential fatty acids) and their nutritional value for human health. In this review, various sources, nutritional properties, and metabolism routes of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) are introduced. Since the conversion efficiency of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA) and also α‐linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) is low in humans, looking for the numerous sources of AA, EPA and EPA fatty acids. The sources include aquatic (fish, crustaceans, and mollusks), animal sources (meat, egg, and milk), plant sources including 20 plants, most of which were weeds having a good amount ofLC‐PUFA, fruits, herbs, and seeds; cyanobacteria; and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and diatoms).
A latent variable transformation model approach for exploring dysphagia
Authors: Snavely Anna C. , Harrington David P. , Li Yi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMultiple outcomes are often collected in applications where the quantity of interest cannot be measured directly or is difficult or expensive to measure. In a head and neck cancer study conducted at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, the investigators wanted to determine the effect of clinical and treatment factors on unobservable dysphagia through collected multiple outcomes of mixed types. Latent variable models are commonly adopted in this setting. These models stipulate that multiple collected outcomes are conditionally independent given the latent factor. Mixed types of outcomes (e.g., continuous vs. ordinal) and censored outcomes present statistical challenges, however, as a natural analog of the multivariate normal distribution does not exist for mixed data. Recently, Lin et al. proposed a semiparametric latent variable transformation model for mixed outcome data; however, it may not readily accommodate event time outcomes where censoring is present. In this paper, we extend the work of Lin et al. by proposing both semiparametric and parametric latent variable models that allow for the estimation of the latent factor in the presence of measurable outcomes of mixed types, including censored outcomes. Both approaches allow for a direct estimate of the treatment (or other covariate) effect on the unobserved latent variable, greatly enhancing the interpretability of the models. The semiparametric approach has the added advantage of allowing the relationship between the measurable outcomes and latent variables to be unspecified, rendering more robust inference. The parametric and semiparametric models can also be used together, providing a comprehensive modeling strategy for complicated latent variable problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A team-learning framework for business model innovation in an emerging market
Authors: Huang Hao-Chen , Lai Mei-Chi , Kao Meng-Chun , Sung Chien-Hui 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigated how cross-functional teams can influence their business model innovation and firm performance through team learning, consisting of multiple modes of within-team, cross-team, and market learning. Using a matched dyadic data set from a study of 330 cross-functional team members and their supervisors sampled from 165 electronics and information industries in China, the empirical results clearly indicate that within-team, cross-team, and market learning can improve business model innovation and firm performance. The results of the mediating model show how the business model innovation mediates the relationship between team learning and firm performance.
H3N2 canine influenza virus with the matrix gene from the pandemic A/H1N1 virus: infection dynamics in dogs and ferrets
Authors: MOON H. , HONG M. , KIM J. K. , SEON B. , NA W. , PARK S. J. , AN D. J. , JEOUNG H. Y. , KIM D. J. , KIM J. M. , KIM S. H. , WEBBY R. J. , WEBSTER R. G. , KANG B. K. , SONG D. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYAfter an outbreak of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) virus, we had previously reported the emergence of a recombinant canine influenza virus (CIV) between the pH1N1 virus and the classic H3N2 CIV. Our ongoing routine surveillance isolated another reassortant H3N2 CIV carrying the matrix gene of the pH1N1 virus from 2012. The infection dynamics of this H3N2 CIV variant (CIV/H3N2mv) were investigated in dogs and ferrets via experimental infection and transmission. The CIV/H3N2mv-infected dogs and ferrets produced typical symptoms of respiratory disease, virus shedding, seroconversion, and direct-contact transmissions. Although indirect exposure was not presented for ferrets, CIV/H3N2mv presented higher viral replication in MDCK cells and more efficient transmission was observed in ferrets compared to classic CIV H3N2. This study demonstrates the effect of reassortment of the M gene of pH1N1 in CIV H3N2.
Epidemiology and outcome of bacteraemia in neutropenic patients in a single institution from 1991–2012
Authors: ORTEGA M. , MARCO F. , SORIANO A. , ALMELA M. , MARTÍNEZ J. A. , ROVIRA M. , ESTEVE J. , MENSA J. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis study was part of a bloodstream infection surveillance programme that prospectively collected data on consecutive patients with bacteraemia in our institution from 1991 to 2012. We included 2092 bacteraemias in neutropenic patients. Shock and mortality accounted for 299 and 349 cases, respectively (14% and 17%). The main microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, 634, 30%), Escherichia coli (468, 22%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (235, 11%). During 2006–2012, there were 155 (27%) E. coli isolates; of these, 73% were fluoroquinolone resistant and 26% cefotaxime resistant. The independent risk factors for mortality were shock on presentation, rapidly fatal prognosis of underlying disease, corticosteroid use, and polymicrobial bacteraemia. Factors associated with lower mortality were the isolation of CoNS [odds ratio (OR) 0·38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·20–0·73, P = 0·004] and empirical therapy with amikacin (OR 0·50, 95% CI 0·29–0·88, P = 0·016). The progressive increase of Gram-negative microorganisms resistant to antibiotics influences the choice of empirical treatment in febrile neutropenia and in our experience, the addition of amikacin could be beneficial for such patients.
Do entrance fees crowd out donations for public goods? Evidence from a protected area in Costa Rica
Authors: Alpízar Francisco , Martinsson Peter , Nordén Anna 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how different levels of entrance fees affect donations for a public good, a natural park. To explore this issue, we conducted a stated preference study focusing on visitors' preferences for donating money to raise funds for a protected area in Costa Rica given different entrance fee levels. The results reveal that there is incomplete crowding out of donations when establishing an entrance fee.
Conversing in Emptiness: Rethinking Cross-Cultural Dialogue with the Kyoto School
Authors: Davis Bret W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs we attempt to engender a dialogue between different philosophical traditions, one of the first – if not indeed the first – of the topics which need to be addressed is that of the very nature of dialogue. In other words, we need to engage in a dialogue about dialogue. Toward that end, this essay attempts to rethink the nature of dialogue from the perspective of two key members of the Kyoto School, namely its founder, Nishida Kitarō (1870–1945), and its current central figure, Ueda Shizuteru (b. 1926). The Kyoto School is the most prominent group of modern Japanese philosophers, whose thought emerges from the encounter between Western and Eastern traditions. This essay seeks to elucidate and further unfold the implications of rethinking of the nature of dialogue from the perspective of Nishida's and Ueda's primarily Zen Buddhist reception of and response to Western philosophy.