bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of flagella bio-templated nanomaterials for electronics
Authors: Jo Wonjin , Cheang U Kei , Kim Min Jun 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Bacterial flagella with their unique structural properties have proven to be promising bio-templates and can be exploited for the creation of nanomaterial with very high aspect ratio and surface area. Their chemically modifiable surfaces allow the flagella be modified to possess electrical/electronic properties. Their extraordinary physical properties along with the many possibilities for manipulation make them ideal systems to study for the purpose of developing nanoelectronics. First, this article reviews the characteristics of bacterial flagella and their utilization as biologically inspired templates. Next, the use of bio-templates for electronic systems such as dye-sensitized solar cell and lithium ion battery is discussed. Finally, we show the future directions for the use of flagella biotemplatednanomaterials for applications in electrical engineering fields.
Prime Time: Long‐Term Sexual Health Outcomes Of a Clinic‐Linked Intervention
Authors: Sieving Renee E. , McRee Annie‐Laurie , Secor‐Turner Molly , Garwick Ann W. , Bearinger Linda H. , Beckman Kara J. , McMorris Barbara J. , Resnick Michael D. 
Published: March 2014

ContextEvidence about long‐term effects of preventive health services for youth with complex needs is lacking. Prime Time, a youth development intervention, aims to reduce pregnancy risk among vulnerable adolescent females seeking clinic services.MethodsIn a randomized trial, 253 sexually active females aged 13–17 who were at high risk for pregnancy were assigned to the Prime Time intervention or usual clinic services. The 18‐month intervention, initiated in 2007–2008, comprised regular meetings with case managers and participation in youth leadership groups. Trial participants completed surveys at baseline and 30 months. Regression analyses were used to evaluate differences between groups in sexual and psychosocial outcomes at follow‐up.ResultsAt 30 months, the intervention group reported more months of consistent condom use (adjusted means, 1.8 vs. 1.1) and dual contraceptive use (0.9 vs. 0.3) in the past seven months than did controls. The intervention was most effective in promoting consistent use among participants with relatively high levels of connectedness to family or school. Fifteen percent of intervention participants, but only 6% of controls, reported having abstained from sex in the past six months (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9). Moreover, among high school graduates, those in the intervention group were more likely than those in the control group to have enrolled in college or technical school (72% vs. 37%; odds ratio, 4.5).ConclusionHealth services grounded in a youth development framework can lead to reductions in sexual risk among vulnerable youth that are evident one year following conclusion of services.
Modeling and Analysis of Resin Bonded Sand Mould System Using Design of Experiments and Central Composite Design
Authors: Surekha B. , Rao D. Hanumantha , Rao G. Krishna Mohan , Vundavilli Pandu R. , Parappagoudar M. B. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper an attempt has been made for
linear and non linear modeling of resin bonded
sand mould system using full factorial design
of experiments and response surface
methodology, respectively. It is important to
note that the quality of castings produced
using the resin bonded sand mould system
depends largely on properties of moulds, which
are influenced by the characteristics of sand,
like type of sand, grain fineness number,
grain size distribution and quantity and type
of resin, catalyst, curing time etc. In the
present study, percentage of resin, percentage
of hardener, number of strokes and curing time
are considered as input parameters and the
mould properties, such as compression
strength, shear strength, tensile strength and
permeability are treated as responses. In the
present work, phenol formaldehyde is used as
the resin whereas tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
as the hardener. A two level full factorial
and three level central composite designs are
utilized to develop input-output
relationships. Surface plots and main effects
plots are used to study the effects of amount
of resign, amount of hardener, number of
strokes and curing time on the responses,
namely, compression strength, tensile
strength, shear strength and
permeability. Moreover, the adequacies of the
developed models have been tested using
analysis of variance. The prediction accuracy
of the developed models have been tested with
the help of twenty test cases and found
reasonably good accuracy.
Nanostructured intercalation compounds as cathode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Baihe , Wang Faxing , Wen Zubiao , Wu Yuping 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article reviews the research progress in the intercalation compounds for cathode materials for supercapacitors. Typical methods to prepare various intercalation compounds with different nanostructures are summarized. More specifically, the approaches can be subdivided into physical routes such as sonication and microwaves, and chemical routes such as hydrothermal, sol-gel and template methods. The most recent work on nanostructured intercalation compounds including LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2, Li1+xV3O8, NaxMnO2, and KxMnO2 is mainly focused including their preparation and electrochemical performance, and new trends in nanomaterials development for supercapacitors are pointed out.
Impact of Shear Stress on Strain and Pore Water Pressure Behavior of Intact Soft Clay Under Principal Stress Rotation
Authors: Jian Zhou , Changjie Xu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The effect of shear stress on strain development and pore water accumulation resulting from principal stress rotation tests on intact Hangzhou soft clay using a Zhejiang University hollow cylinder apparatus (ZJU-HCA) is reported. Different types of tests were designated, including a shearing test along the fixed principal stress direction, a pure rotation test, and both clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation tests. The mean principal stress was kept constant in all tests. The intermediate principal stress coefficient (b) was set to 0.5. The pore pressure coefficient, deduced using a double yield surface theory, revealed that the volume yield surface function was not affected by the rotation of the principal stress axes. The pore water pressure in the fixed principal stress direction test and in the pure rotation test was shown to be mainly controlled by the shear stress level. As the results revealed that the anti-clockwise rotation would have a higher effect on pore water pressure than clockwise rotation, the pore water pressure generated in the clockwise rotation test was relatively small. Because b was set to 0.5, the radial strain was very small. The development of the axial strain was symmetrical to the circumferential strain, which coincided with the horizontal symmetry of the axial stress and circumferential stress. Both the shear stress level and rotation angle have a pronounced effect on strain development. When soil subjected to pure principal stress rotation under the conditions of high stress levels, large strains would be expected and any underestimation will lead to insecurity. If the specimen experienced a preceding rotation, its influence on the strain development in the subsequent rotation was significant. The variation of octahedral shear stiffness Goct with rotation angle also demonstrated the deterioration of the preceding rotation in the following rotation.
Sequencing and Assembly of the 22-Gb Loblolly Pine Genome
Authors: Zimin Aleksey , Stevens Kristian A , Crepeau Marc W , Holtz-Morris Ann , Koriabine Maxim , Marçais Guillaume , Puiu Daniela , Roberts Michael , Wegrzyn Jill L , de Jong Pieter J , Neale David B , Salzberg Steven L , Yorke James A , Langley Charles H 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Conifers are the predominant gymnosperm. The size and complexity of their genomes has presented formidable technical challenges for whole-genome shotgun sequencing and assembly. We employed novel strategies that allowed us to determine the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) reference genome sequence, the largest genome assembled to date. Most of the sequence data were derived from whole-genome shotgun sequencing of a single megagametophyte, the haploid tissue of a single pine seed. Although that constrained the quantity of available DNA, the resulting haploid sequence data were well-suited for assembly. The haploid sequence was augmented with multiple linking long-fragment mate pair libraries from the parental diploid DNA. For the longest fragments, we used novel fosmid DiTag libraries. Sequences from the linking libraries that did not match the megagametophyte were identified and removed. Assembly of the sequence data were aided by condensing the enormous number of paired-end reads into a much smaller set of longer “super-reads,” rendering subsequent assembly with an overlap-based assembly algorithm computationally feasible. To further improve the contiguity and biological utility of the genome sequence, additional scaffolding methods utilizing independent genome and transcriptome assemblies were implemented. The combination of these strategies resulted in a draft genome sequence of 20.15 billion bases, with an N50 scaffold size of 66.9 kbp.
Genetics of Sexual Development: An Evolutionary Playground for Fish
Authors: Heule Corina , Salzburger Walter , Böhne Astrid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTeleost fishes are the most species-rich clade of vertebrates and feature an overwhelming diversity of sex-determining mechanisms, classically grouped into environmental and genetic systems. Here, we review the recent findings in the field of sex determination in fish. In the past few years, several new master regulators of sex determination and other factors involved in sexual development have been discovered in teleosts. These data point toward a greater genetic plasticity in generating the male and female sex than previously appreciated and implicate novel gene pathways in the initial regulation of the sexual fate. Overall, it seems that sex determination in fish does not resort to a single genetic cascade but is rather regulated along a continuum of environmental and heritable factors.
Integrated nutrient management on weed dynamics of cotton based cropping systems in South India
Authors: Marimuthu S , Subbian P 
Published: March 2014

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during 2007 and 2008 to assess the weed population, dry matter production, weed smothering efficiency and yield of seed cotton in a cotton based cropping system with conjunctive use of NPK and bioinoculants. Cotton intercropped with Sesbania along with application of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas recorded the lowest weed population and weed dry matter production. The maximum weed suppression of 54.5 and 44% was observed in cotton + Sesbania system as compared to pure crop of cotton during both the years. The maximum cotton equivalent yield of 2052 and 1895 kg ha-1 was recorded in cotton + onion system which was at par with cotton + Sesbania system with cotton equivalent yield of 2010 and 1894 kg ha-1 during 2007 and 2008, respectively. Combined application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculants recorded maximum cotton equivalent yield of 2460 and 2190 kg ha-1 during 2007 and 2008, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18371 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 7-22 (2013)
Growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) as influenced by nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure under temperate conditions
Authors: Rasool FU , Hassan B , Jahangir A 
Published: March 2014

A field experiment was conducted at the Research farm, Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, India for two consecutive rainy (kharif) seasons of 2009 and 2010 to find out the impact of nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure (FYM) on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased all the yield components viz., plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, capitulum diameter, achenes capitulum-1 and 1000-seed weight. Pooled yield increased by 26% with 120 kg N but it was statistically at par with 80 kg N ha-1. With increased N dose, the oil content consistently decreased but the oil yield improved during both years. Sulphur application at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 significantly increased plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production after 25 days of sowing (DAS). All yield contributing characters viz., filled achenes capitulum-1, head diameter and 1000-seed weights were higher with 60 kg S ha-1 over 30 kg S ha-1. Seed and stalk yield with 60 kg S ha-1 were significantly higher than those of 30 kg S ha-1. Similarly, oil content and oil yield with 60kg Sha-1 was 2 and 10.5 % over 30 kg S ha-1. Application of FYM at the rate of 10 and 20 t ha-1 was at par with each other but recorded significant improvement in the plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of sunflower after 25 days of sowing over no FYM. FYM @10 and 20 t ha-1 increased the oil yield by 11 and 5.4 %, respectively over no application. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18386 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 81-89 (2013)
Late-onset Neutropenia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis after Treatment with Rituximab
Authors: Abdulkader Rita , Dharmapalaiah Chethana , Rose Ginny , Shand Lynne M. , Clunie Gavin P. , Watts Richard A. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.Late-onset neutropenia (LON) is an adverse effect of rituximab (RTX) in hematological malignancies, a finding that was recently reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of our study was to estimate its incidence in RA.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed complete blood (cell) count of patients with RA who received RTX between October 2007 and July 2011 to identify neutropenia (≤ 1.5 × 109) up to 12 months following RTX.Results.One hundred eight patients received RTX, median age 64 years (range 25–86). A total of 237 cycles were given. Five patients developed LON after a median of 151 days (71–184). Two developed pneumonia.Conclusion.LON occurs infrequently after RTX, but can present with infection.
Predictors of Treatment Resistance and Relapse in Chinese Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Disease
Authors: Cao Yali , Tian Zhigang , Li Wenge , Ma Li , Yu Yongchao , Ren Wenwen 
Published: March 2014

Objective.The prevalence and significance of treatment resistance and relapse in patients from China with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA) disease are poorly understood.Methods.A total of 98 patients with ANCA vasculitis, diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2009 in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, were enrolled in this retrospective study.Results.Fifteen patients (15.3%) were categorized as having cytoplasmic and/or proteinase 3 (PR3) ANCA and 83 patients (84.7%) had perinuclear and/or myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA. After the induction phase treatment, the disease was resistant to therapy in 24 (25%) of the patients. A response to initial treatment occurred in 74 patients (75%). Of these 74 patients, remission was achieved and sustained with or without maintenance therapy in 41 patients (55%). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that female sex was a statistically significant predictor of treatment resistance (OR 2.85; 95% CI: 1.06–2.86; p = 0.036). Additionally, elevated serum creatinine level, with each increment of 150 μmol/l, predicted resistance (p = 0.002). Among the 74 patients where remission was achieved, Cox proportional hazards models detected that those with PR3 ANCA were 1.31 times more likely to experience a relapse than were patients with MPO ANCA (95% CI: 1.01–5.35; p = 0.0001). Lung involvement was associated with an increased risk of relapse (HR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.12–4.35; p = 0.014). Although not significant, advanced age tended to be associated with relapse (p = 0.08).Conclusion.Our findings highlight the important effect of female sex and severity of renal disease at presentation as predictors of treatment resistance, and PR3 ANCA and lung involvement as predictors of relapse.
Causal Attributions about Disease Onset and Relapse in Patients with Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Amudala Naomi A. , McAlear Carol A. , Leduc Renée L. , Shereff Denise , Richesson Rachel , Fraenkel Liana , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.Patients vary in their beliefs related to the cause of serious illness. The effect of these beliefs among patients with systemic vasculitis is not known. Our study aimed to describe causal attributions about disease onset and relapse in systemic vasculitis and to examine whether causal beliefs differ by type of vasculitis or are associated with negative health outcomes.Methods.Patients with vasculitis were recruited to complete an online questionnaire. Categories of causal beliefs were assessed with the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Differences in beliefs about disease onset versus relapse were compared across different forms of vasculitis. Causal beliefs were assessed in association with several health outcomes including fatigue, functional impairments, and personal understanding of the condition.Results.The questionnaire was completed by 692 patients representing 9 forms of vasculitis. The majority (90%) of patients had beliefs about the cause of their illness. Causal attributions were highly variable, but altered immunity and stress were the most commonly agreed-upon causal beliefs. Frequencies of causal beliefs were strikingly similar across different forms of vasculitis, with a few notable exceptions primarily in Behçet disease. Beliefs differed about causes of disease onset versus relapse. Specific beliefs about disease onset and relapse were weakly associated with fatigue, functional impairments, and understanding of the condition.Conclusion.Patient beliefs related to the cause of systemic vasculitis are highly variable. Patterns of causal beliefs are associated with important negative health outcomes. Clinicians who care for patients with vasculitis should be mindful of these associations and consider asking about patients’ causal beliefs.
Updating the OMERACT Filter: Core Areas as a Basis for Defining Core Outcome Sets
Authors: Kirwan John R. , Boers Maarten , Hewlett Sarah , Beaton Dorcas , Bingham Clifton O. , Choy Ernest , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta , Dougados Maxime , Furst Daniel E. , Guillemin Francis , Gossec Laure , van der Heijde Désirée M. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Kvien Tore K. , Landewé Robert B.M. , Mackie Sarah L. , Matteson Eric L. , Mease Philip J. , Merkel Peter A. , Ostergaard Mikkel , Saketkoo Lesley Ann , Simon Lee , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Tugwell Peter 
Published: March 2014

Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter provides guidelines for the development and validation of outcome measures for use in clinical research. The “Truth” section of the OMERACT Filter presupposes an explicit framework for identifying the relevant core outcomes that are universal to all studies of the effects of intervention effects. There is no published outline for instrument choice or development that is aimed at measuring outcome, was derived from broad consensus over its underlying philosophy, or includes a structured and documented critique. Therefore, a new proposal for defining core areas of measurement (“Filter 2.0 Core Areas of Measurement”) was presented at OMERACT 11 to explore areas of consensus and to consider whether already endorsed core outcome sets fit into this newly proposed framework.Methods.Discussion groups critically reviewed the extent to which case studies of current OMERACT Working Groups complied with or negated the proposed framework, whether these observations had a more general application, and what issues remained to be resolved.Results.Although there was broad acceptance of the framework in general, several important areas of construction, presentation, and clarity of the framework were questioned. The discussion groups and subsequent feedback highlighted 20 such issues.Conclusion.These issues will require resolution to reach consensus on accepting the proposed Filter 2.0 framework of Core Areas as the basis for the selection of Core Outcome Domains and hence appropriate Core Outcome Sets for clinical trials.
The state of cell block variation and satisfaction in the era of molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine
Authors: Crapanzano John P. , Heymann Jonas J. , Monaco Sara , Nassar Aziza , Saqi Anjali 
Published: March 2014

Background:In the recent past, algorithms and recommendations to standardize the morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular classification of lung cancers on cytology specimens have been proposed, and several organizations have recommended cell blocks (CBs) as the preferred modality for molecular testing. Based on the literature, there are several different techniques available for CB preparation-suggesting that there is no standard. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of CB preparation techniques utilized in various practice settings and analyze current issues, if any.Materials and Methods:A single E-mail with a link to an electronic survey was distributed to members of the American Society of Cytopathology and other pathologists. Questions pertaining to the participants’ practice setting and CBs-volume, method, quality and satisfaction-were included.Results:Of 95 respondents, 90/95 (94%) completed the survey and comprise the study group. Most participants practice in a community hospital/private practice (44%) or academic center (41%). On average, 14 CBs (range 0-50; median 10) are prepared by a laboratory daily. Over 10 methods are utilized: Plasma thrombin (33%), HistoGel (27%), Cellient automated cell block system (8%) and others (31%) respectively. Forty of 90 (44%) respondents are either unsatisfied or sometimes satisfied with their CB quality, with low-cellular yield being the leading cause of dissatisfaction. There was no statistical significance between the three most common CB preparation methods and satisfaction with quality.Discussion:Many are dissatisfied with their current method of CB preparation, and there is no consistent method to prepare CBs. In today's era of personalized medicine with an increasing array of molecular tests being applied to cytological specimens, there is a need for a standardized protocol for CB optimization to enhance cellularity.
Hormonal Therapeutics Enzalutamide and Abiraterone Acetate in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Post-docetaxel—an Indirect Comparison
Authors: Tan Pui S. , Haaland Benjamin , Montero Alberto J. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Lopes Gilberto 
Published: March 2014

Introduction This study aims to make an indirect comparison between enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate for mCRPC post-docetaxel. Methods A search for published phase 3 trials was performed with PubMed. Indirect comparisons of enzalutamide (AFFIRM) to abiraterone acetate (COU-AA-301) on outcomes overall survival (OS), time to prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) progression, radiographic progression-free survival (PFS), and PSA response were constructed in the context of log-linear regression models. Results There was no statistically significant difference in OS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.68–1.07). However, there was some evidence that enzalutamide may outperform abiraterone acetate with respect to secondary outcomes: time to PSA progression (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30–0.53), radiographic PFS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50–0.74), and PSA response rates (RRs) (OR 10.69, 95% CI 3.92–29.20). Conclusion While there was no statistically significant difference in OS, enzalutamide may be advantageous for secondary endpoints. Findings of this indirect comparison serve to be hypothesis-generating for future head-to-head trials.