bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of discrete resistivity targets using coupled artificial neural networks and watershed algorithms
Authors: Elwaseif Mehrez , Slater Lee 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTEstimating the dimensions (defined here as width, height and depth of burial) of discrete targets within resistivity models produced as a result of applying smoothness constraints in most inversion algorithms is difficult, especially when targets are closely spaced. Here we couple an image processing technique (watershed algorithm) with a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to arrive at predictions of the geometry and resistivity of discrete targets from an initial smoothness constraint resistivity model. These predictions are compared with those obtained from (1) applying the watershed algorithm alone, (2) inversion using the regular L1 norm and (3) when a smoothing disconnect is defined using image processing with data subsequently reinverted to arrive at a revised model estimate. Synthetic studies were conducted on a single cavity model, a model for two widely spaced cavities (spacing >> unit electrode spacing), a model for two closely spaced cavities (spacing < unit electrode spacing) and a model for three closely spaced cavities (spacing < unit electrode spacing). In all model scenarios, the average root mean square (RMS) model error using our ANN approach is below 1 whilst the average combined RMS model error when including target resistivity is 35 for the single cavity, 30 for widely spaced targets and 75 for the closely spaced targets. Despite the higher errors in the closely spaced cavity models, application of the algorithm confirms the presence of multiple features, which is not ascertainable from the smooth inversion, or even when using a disconnect constraint. The ANN derived model significantly reduces the RMS misfit between synthetic and inverted models. We demonstrate the approach using field measurements collected over a precisely known void and also apply the method to smooth resistivity images obtained from measurements collected over an archaeological site at Qurnet Murai, Luxor city, Egypt.
An object oriented approach to automatic classification of archaeological features in magnetic prospection data
Authors: Pregesbauer Michael , Trinks Immo , Neubauer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMagnetometer prospection is commonly used in archaeology for the non‐invasive detection, mapping and investigation of buried prehistoric sites. The recorded data can contain numerous anomalies caused by archaeological structures in the ground. State‐of‐the‐art geomagnetic data processing results in geo‐referenced maps that traditionally are interpreted within Geographical Information Systems. With the increasing size of surveyed areas, the manual outlining and classification of magnetic anomalies becomes a highly time consuming process. Possibilities for automated classification of the magnetic prospection data prior to the actual archaeological interpretation would considerably enhance the productivity of the archaeological interpretation process regarding magnetic prospection data. Object oriented image processing methods known from remote sensing applications offer a large spectrum of readily available procedures for the automatic and semi‐automatic analysis of raster data sets. Suitable algorithms have been adapted and utilized in order to exemplarily analyse a magnetic archaeological prospection data set with the goal of automatically mapping magnetic features, facilitating further archaeological interpretation. This article shows that the presented semi‐automated classification procedure is able to replace the manual drawing of anomalies based on the expert knowledge and experience of the interpreter to a large degree.
Characterization of organic‐contaminated ground by a combination of electromagnetic mapping and direct‐push in situ measurements
Authors: Mitsuhata Yuji , Ando Dai , Imasato Takehiko , Takagi Kazushige 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTContamination of soil and groundwater by synthetic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrocarbons has recently raised public concern. Geophysical techniques are frequently used to characterize contaminated sites and to specify subsurface contaminant plumes in Europe and America, but there have been very few such surveys in Japan. Electromagnetic (EM) induction mapping was applied to investigate a contaminated site on reclaimed land near a harbour in central Japan. The use of EM mapping enabled efficient coverage of a study area in the site and imaging of the subsurface resistivity distribution down to approximately 10 m. In situ direct‐push membrane interface probe (MIP) and electrical conductivity (EC) in situ measurements were also performed as more direct sensing techniques, and the results were compared with soil core samples. The results suggest that the first and second conductive zones mapped by this investigation correspond to clayey soil zones that act as barriers to prevent the infiltration of contaminants. In addition, the in situ MIP measurements and laboratory analyses indicate multiple occurrences of contamination by VOCs and oil. Although EM mapping was not able to clearly specify a contaminant plume, it was demonstrated as a useful technique to delineate the infiltration pathways of contaminants by illustrating the subsurface distributions of clayey zones. In addition, the combination of direct‐push in situ measurements and EM mapping is demonstrated as an essential characterization strategy to verify the interpreted resistivity structure and to determine the relationship between the heterogeneous resistivity and contaminant distribution.
3D complex resistivity tomography on cylindrical models using EIDORS
Authors: De Donno Giorgio , Cardarelli Ettore 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTComplex resistivity imaging is a relatively new geophysical technique, developed in the last few decades mainly for hydrogeological and environmental applications. The aim of this work is to present an EIDORS application of the 3D complex resistivity tomography on cylindrical laboratory models. EIDORS is an open‐source numerical environment developed with the aim of sharing data and promoting collaboration between groups working in these fields. In spite of being a well‐recognised software for forward modelling and inversion for medical tomographies, EIDORS still needs to be adapted for geophysical purposes. We discuss the role played by the mesh choice and the contact impedances on the accuracy of the finite‐element solution achieved by tetrahedral elements. When a 3D tomography is performed on a standard machine with limited local memory, the dual reconstruction can help to retain a sufficient accuracy without increasing the allocated memory. Although for medical applications on the human body a linear inversion can effectively represent the slight changes in resistivity magnitude, when a subsoil has to be investigated resistivity can vary substantially. Thus we develop an algorithm to add to the non‐linear inversion for complex resistivity data, through the integration of the EIDORS basic functions. The algorithm has been validated through four synthetic examples. The reconstructed models, having a growing degree of complexity, are similar to the true ones. We highlight the role played by phase and resolution to detect the anomalies. When the dipole length is enlarged and the embedded anomalies decrease in size, the reconstruction becomes more difficult. We show that EIDORS could act as a base code for tomographic inversion of frequency‐domain data (and also of time‐domain real‐valued data) for laboratory problems, because of its high flexibility and reliability reached by the forward and inversion routines.
Theoretical approach for the depth of penetration of in situ magnetic susceptibility measurements
Authors: Esparza Francisco J. , Méndez‐Delgado Sóstenes , Gómez‐Treviño Enrique 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a mathematical approach for analysing in‐situ magnetic susceptibility measurements in terms of elementary contributions from different depths within the soil. Our analysis leads to a compact integral formula that relates the actual measurements to the depth profile of magnetic susceptibility within the soil, in such a way that the former is simply a weighted spatial average of the latter. The degree of penetration of a given measurement is then readily quantified by the weighting function of the corresponding instrument. Our results match and complement the experimental determinations of other workers to currently used susceptibility meters. We provide theoretical curves for the depth of penetration of four instruments that have been studied in the literature, and also refine previous estimations of the characteristic depths intrinsic to each instrument.
The influence on sample preparation on spectral induced polarization of unconsolidated sediments
Authors: Bairlein K. , Hördt A. , Nordsiek S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSpectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements in the laboratory are in many cases intended to provide representative and comparable results of complex electrical conductivity. This is not invariably the case when using unconsolidated sediments, as the sample preparation influences several SIP‐relevant properties of the samples, including the pore geometry. The pore space is supposed to control the polarization effect and therefore a change in the pore space will change the measured parameters. We analysed the influence of the sample preparation on SIP measurements by testing various filling methods, each defined by a sequence of particular steps, with regard to the reproducibility of the spectra. The measurements were performed on three different sample materials. Variations of the spectra due to different filling methods were obtained, indicating the importance of considering the sample preparation. Methods that improved the reproducibility compared to loose packing of the samples were found, but the most suitable packing procedure depended on the material properties. The mean relaxation times and normalized chargeabilities were obtained from a Debye decomposition. Although unidentified processes caused scattering of the measured parameters, a relation of the IP‐parameters to the porosities was present. A decrease of the porosity reduced both the relaxation times and the normalized chargeabilities.
Iterative modelling of AEM data based on a priori information from seismic and borehole data
Authors: Høyer Anne‐Sophie , Jørgensen Flemming , Lykke‐Andersen Holger , Christiansen Anders Vest 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAirborne electromagnetic methods (AEM) have become an important part of groundwater mapping in a wide range of geological settings. However, as for all geophysical methods, the results of the inversions are non‐unique and it is therefore relevant to include a priori information in order to obtain the most realistic geological inversion outcome. Despite the extensive use of AEM, only a few studies describe the effect of including a priori information in large‐scale AEM surveys. In this study, ancillary information from seismic and borehole data are used as a priori information. The basis for the study is a densely spaced airborne transient electromagnetic dataset (SkyTEM) from a 100 km2 area in the western part of Denmark. Six different inversions are performed, and these are formulated as blocky and smooth inversions with different amounts of a priori information in the deepest part of the sections. The use of a priori information has a significant influence on the interpretation of the sections in the lowermost part of the sequence. Furthermore, the middle part of the sections, which are not constrained by the a priori information, show a significant change through the different inversions. Thus, the study shows that the inclusion of a priori information to the deeper part, significantly enhances the understanding of the geology both in the intermediate and deep levels.
Shear‐wave velocity based seismic microzonation of Lorca city (SE Spain) from MASW analysis
Authors: Martínez‐Pagán P. , Navarro M. , Pérez‐Cuevas J. , Alcalá F.J. , García‐Jerez A. , Sandoval‐Castaño S. 
Published: August 2014

Many populated areas located in moderate seismic risk regions have been hit by earthquakes of moderate magnitude which, surprisingly, have caused very serious damage to buildings and led to the loss of human life. The city of Lorca (SE Spain) is a clear example. On 11 May 2011, two main shocks occurred in the vicinity of Lorca city with a maximum magnitude of 5.1 Mw causing some casualties and serious widespread damage in the city and its surroundings.Most of the damage was concentrated in certain districts in the city, while other parts remained intact. Actually, in Lorca, investigators detected both a clear example of seismic site effect and a seismic wave amplification occurrence due to the type of geological materials on which the city is located. For this reason, several studies are being carried out in Lorca city to assess the actual contribution of the soil conditions to the seismic amplification phenomena.In these studies, the shear wave velocity plays a key role as a parameter for evaluating the dynamic behaviour of the shallowest geological materials. Consequently, site characterization applied to calculating seismic hazard is usually based on the near surface shear‐wave velocity distribution. This study looked at the average shear‐wave velocity for the uppermost 30 m of ground, which is referred to as Vs30. The Vs30 values obtained from multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) were used to create a new soil classification map of Lorca city. Thus, the derived Vs30 map was transformed into the NEHRP and Eurocode 8 (EC8) standards. In Lorca city, the softness and the thickness of shallow geological formations have been observed as two important factors that affected the level of ground shaking and the degree of damage. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the Vs30 values and the damage distribution within the city.
Comparison of Effects of Tooth Extraction and Air-rotor Stripping Therapy on Tooth-size Discrepancy in Class I Borderline Patients
Authors: Kaya Demet , Taner Tülin , Germeç-Çakan Derya 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of tooth extraction and air-rotor stripping therapy on tooth-size discrepancy, and to compare the changes between two groups.

Materials and methods
The sample comprised the preand post-treatment dental models of 20 postadolescent class I borderline patients. First group was composed of dental models of 10 patients (mean age of 17.1 ± 2.5 years) treated with four first premolars extraction. Second group included dental models of 10 patients (mean age of 18.8 ± 2.7 years) treated with air-rotor stripping. Treatment effects on Bolton overall and anterior ratios/values were analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test was used for intergroup comparisons.

Results
The change in Bolton overall ratio was found statistically significant for the extraction and insignificant for the air-rotor stripping group. A statistically significant decrease was observed in Bolton anterior ratio for the air-rotor stripping group. Neither four premolars extraction nor air-rotor stripping therapy created statistically significant changes in Bolton overall/anterior values. The changes in Bolton overall ratio/value did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion
This study showed that tooth extraction or air-rotor stripping therapy did not have an unfavorable effect on toothsize discrepancy in class I borderline patients.

How to cite this article
Kaya D, Taner T, Germeç-Çakan D. Comparison of Effects of Tooth Extraction and Air-rotor Stripping Therapy on Tooth-size Discrepancy in Class I Borderline Patients. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):8-13.
Evaluation of Life Quality in Patients with Oral Mucosal Lesions
Authors: Baharvand Maryam , Karami Hossein , Mortazavi Hamed 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
The mouth does many functions, such as speaking, chewing, taste perception and swallowing. Therefore, any pathologic changes of oral mucosa might affect patients’ life quality. The aim of this study was to investigate quality of life (QoL) in patients with oral mucosal lesions.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 patients with oral mucosal lesions attending at Oral Medicine Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Dental School entered in a cross-sectional study. Variables, such as age, sex, level of education, kind of lesions, systemic disease and medicine consumptions were recorded in data sheets, and QoL was assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire -Head and Neck 35 (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35). Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 16), backward regression model, student's t-test and Chi-square test.

Results
Out of 40 patients with mean age of (44 ± 13), 25(62.5%) were women and 15(37.5%) were men. The mean score of life quality was 43.8 ± 9.8 (range of score: 30-120), whereas in mostly frequent oral lesions it was reported to be 41.7 ± 6.4 (lichen planus), 40.8 ± 6.7 (mucocele), 42.4 ± 7.2 (irritation fibrosis), respectively. Regression analysis showed that higher levels of education affect quality of life and its aspects of pain, sexual function, xerostomia, swallowing and speaking negatively. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis deteriorated aspects of pain, and eating of QoL. However, irritation fibrosis and mucocele aggravated QoL in terms of swallowing and social relationship respectively.

Conclusion
Oral mucosal lesions deteriorate QoL mildly. Different dimensions of life quality can be affected by recurrent aphthous stomatitis, irritation fibrosis and mucocele.

How to cite this article
Baharvand M, Karami H, Mortazavi H. Evaluation of Life Quality in Patients with Oral Mucosal Lesions. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):29-32.
Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of Fractured Central Incisors using Biological Post
Authors: Iftekhar Huma , Andrabi Mukhtar 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Conventional root canal treatment aims to remove the microorganisms and pulp tissue from the canal system and repair the tooth by filling the canal system and restoring the lost coronal tissue. Anterior tooth fracture, as a result of traumatic injuries, frequently occurs in dentistry. Proper reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth can be achieved with the use of natural teeth used as post. In some cases, surgical retreatment of previously failed surgery is indicated because this is the most appropriate way of ensuring the effective removal of any remaining microorganisms. This case report refers to the esthetics and functional rehabilitation of extensively damaged maxillary incisors through the preparation and adhesive cementation of ‘Biological Posts’ in a young patient. Biological posts obtained through natural, extracted teeth from another individual—represents a low-cost option and alternative technique for the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged anterior teeth.

How to cite this article
Iftekhar H, Kumar A, Andrabi M. Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of Fractured Central Incisors using Biological Post. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014; 3(1):44-48.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Genetic Disorder with Oral Manifestations
Authors: Desiate Apollonia , Cantore Stefania , Ballini Andrea 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe case of a 74-year-old man who was diagnosed as having hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), with telangiectasies localized in oral district is presented. This condition is an autosomal dominant mucocutaneous and visceral fibrovascular dysplasia in which telangiectasia, arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms may be widely distributed throughout the cardiovascular system. It is usually recognized as a ‘triad’ of telangiectasia, recurrent epistaxis and a family history of the disorder. The nature of the practice of dentistry necessitates a broad understanding of the systemic diseases reflected in the oral cavity. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is one such disease.How to cite this articleBallini A, Cantore S, Desiate A. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Genetic Disorder with Oral Manifestations. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014; 3(1): 49-52.
ALTERAÇÕES FLORÍSTICAS EM UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE VIÇOSA, MG, ENTRE 1994 E 2008
Authors: Figueiredo Lívia Thaís Moreira de , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Souza Agostinho Lopes de , Martins Sebastião Venâncio 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar mudanças na composição florística de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, através do monitoramento de 10 parcelas permanentes instaladas na Mata da Silvicultura, Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Foram identificados e medidos todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥5 cm, nos anos de 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004 e 2008. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a área em estudo encontra-se em estágio médio de sucessão, apresentando dominância de espécies secundárias iniciais e tardias. Verificou-se, também, que em função do avanço sucessional da floresta, ocorreram mudanças na composição florística da área ao longo do período monitorado.Palavras-chave: Dinâmica florestal; diversidade; sucessão florestal. AbstractFloristic changes in a tropical semideciduous forest in Viçosa, MG, between 1994 and 2008. This research aimed to evaluate changes in floristic composition of a tropical semideciduous forest, by monitoring 10 permanent plots established in the “Mata da Silvicultura”, Viçosa, Minas Gerais. All individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were identified and measured in the years 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2008. The results revealed that the focused area lies in the intermediate stage of succession, presenting dominance of early and late secondary species. It was also verified that, depending on the progress of the forest succession, changes have occurred in the composition of flora in the area by the monitored period.Keywords: Forest dynamic; diversity; forest succession.