bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Momententragfähigkeit schlanker Biegeträger – Einfluss des flanschinduzierten Stegblechbeulens
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kettler Markus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBei biegebeanspruchten Trägern mit sehr schlanken Stegen besteht die Gefahr des so genannten flanschinduzierten Stegblechbeulens – bzw. Gurtknickens – infolge der zusätzlich auftretenden Druckspannungen σz im Steg aus der Abtriebswirkung der beiden Gurte. Aktuell wird im Eurocode ein Grenzwert der Stegschlankheit hw/tw ausgewiesen, der diese Versagensform verhindern soll, demgegenüber schlankere Stege sind nicht erlaubt. Bei geringerer Stegschlankheit ist beim Beulnachweis des Steges keinerlei Interaktion mit der Abtriebswirkung der Gurte vorgesehen.Nachfolgend wird, nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Hintergrundes zum Grenzwert der Stegschlankheit, systematisch auf die Momententragfähigkeit von Biegeträgern mit I‐Querschnitt, in Abhängigkeit der Stegschlankheit hw/tw – auch bei Überschreitung des Grenzwertes, eingegangen. Die numerisch ermittelten Momententragfähigkeiten werden mit jener der beiden Bemessungsmodelle des Eurocodes – Methode des effektiven Querschnitts und Methode der reduzierten Spannungen – verglichen.Moment capacity of slender plate girders – Effect of flange induced buckling. For plate girders in bending with very slender webs the curvature due to bending along with the axial forces of the flanges generate transverse compression forces in the web, that are likely to produce web buckling. The current version of Eurocode gives a limit value for the web slenderness ratio hw/tw in order to avoid this phenomenon of flange induced buckling. Higher slenderness ratios are not within the scope of the code. For smaller slenderness ratios no interaction between buckling due to axial forces and transversal forces is considered.Subsequently, after a short introduction on the limit slenderness ratio, the moment capacity of I shaped girders is systematically analysed as a function of the web slenderness ratio hw/tw – even for ratios higher than the limit value. The numerically determined moment capacities are then compared with the design criteria of Eurocode (i. e. effective widths method and reduced stress method).
Optimal placement of steel plate shear walls for steel frames by bat algorithm
Authors: Gholizadeh Saeed , Shahrezaei Amir Masoud 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYLayout optimization of steel frames with steel plate walls (SPWs) using a meta‐heuristic search algorithm is the main aim of the present study. SPWs are lateral load‐resisting systems, especially against earthquake excitation. These systems offer significant advantages in terms of cost, performance and ease of design compared with other systems. In this study, orthotropic membrane model is used to model the behaviour of steel plate shear walls. The newly developed bat algorithm, which is based on the echolocation behaviour of bats, is employed as the present study optimizer. Design variables of the optimization problem consist of the cross sections of beams and columns of the frame, the web plate thicknesses of SPWs and the placement of SPW in the frame. The bat algorithm performs suitable selection of sections from the AISC wide‐flange (W) shapes list. Strength constraints of the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design and displacement constraints are checked during the optimization process. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimization of steel frames with SPWs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated theorem proving
Authors: Plaisted David A. 
Published: January 2014

Automated theorem proving is the use of computers to prove or disprove mathematical or logical statements. Such statements can express properties of hardware or software systems, or facts about the world that are relevant for applications such as natural language processing and planning. A brief introduction to propositional and first‐order logic is given, along with some of the main methods of automated theorem proving in these logics. These methods of theorem proving include resolution, Davis and Putnam‐style approaches, and others. Methods for handling the equality axioms are also presented. Methods of theorem proving in propositional logic are presented first, and then methods for first‐order logic. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:115–128. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1269This article is categorized under:

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence
Philosophy > Artificial Intelligence
Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief
Synthesis and Structure of Copper(II) Nitrate Complexes with 2, 6‐Bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine
Authors: Dolzhenko Vladimir D. , Kurnosov Nikon M. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree mononuclear copper(II) complexes of copper nitrate with 2, 6‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (bPzPy) and 2, 6‐bis(3′,5′‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (bdmPzPy), [Cu(bPzPy)(NO3)2] (1), [Cu(bPzPy)(H2O)(NO3)2] (2) and [Cu(bdmPzPy)(NO3)2] (3) were synthesized by the reaction of copper nitrate with the ligand in ethanol solution. The complexes have been characterized through analytical, spectroscopic and EPR measurements. Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis of complexes 1 and 2 revealed a five‐coordinate copper atom in 1, whereas 2 contains a six‐coordinate (4+2) CuII ion with molecular units acting as supramolecular nodes. These neutral nodes are connected through O–H···O(nitrate) hydrogen bonds to give couples of parallel linear strips assembled in 1D‐chains in a zipper‐like motif.
Chromium Tricarbonyl η6‐Complexes of [3]Cyclacene – A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChromium tricarbonyl η6 complexes of 3cyclacene are considered quantum chemically at the levels of B3LYP/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31++G(d, p), B3LYP/LANL2DZ, and RF/6‐31G(d, p)//B3LYP/6‐31++G(d, p). One of the complexes involves the top ring (A‐type) and the other one (B‐type) makes use of ring of the acene belt of the cyclacene in the complex formation. Energy calculations reveal that B‐type complex is more stable than A‐type. Some geometrical and quantum chemical properties were obtained. Additionally, vibrational and UV/Vis spectra of the complexes were produced.
Superconformal index and 3d-3d correspondence for mapping cylinder/torus
Authors: Gang Dongmin , Koh Eunkyung , Lee Sangmin , Park Jaemo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

We probe the 3d-3d correspondence for mapping cylinder/torus using the superconformal index. We focus on the case when the fiber is a once-punctured torus (Σ1,1). The corresponding 3d field theories can be realized using duality domain wall theories in 4d
$ \mathcal{N} $
= 2∗ theory. We show that the superconformal indices of the 3d theories are the SL(2, C) Chern-Simons partition function on the mapping cylinder/torus. For the mapping torus, we also consider another realization of the corresponding 3d theory associated with ideal triangulation. The equality between the indices from the two descriptions for the mapping torus theory is reduced to a simple basis change of the Hilbert space for the SL(2,
$ \mathbb{C} $
) Chern-Simons theory on
$ \mathbb{R} $

× Σ1,1.
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of One versus Two (Staged) Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Stenosing Tenosynovitis
Authors: Sheikh Emran , Peters John D. , Sayde Will , Maltenfort Mitchell , Leinberry Charles 
Published: January 2014

Background Stenosing tenosynovitis or trigger finger is a common clinical condition regularly treated with steroid injections. Varied success is reported at early time points following injection. We present a prospective, randomized IRB-approved study to confirm these findings at a long-term follow-up. Methods Adult patients presenting with symptoms of stenosing tenosynovitis who agreed to participate were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received an initial injection of triamcinolone and local anesthetic mixture. Group 2 received the same initial injection and an additional staged injection at 6 weeks. The patients were then followed beyond 2 years. If Group 1 patients were still symptomatic at 6 weeks, another injection was given. An additional injection or surgery was defined as treatment failure. DASH scores were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results Ninety-seven patients (101 trigger digits) were enrolled in the prospective trial. Fifty-six digits were randomized to the one-injection group versus 45 digits randomized to the two-injection group (“intention to treat analysis”—ITT). After accounting for crossover between the groups, 42 patients received one-injection versus fifty-nine patients receiving two injections (“actual” analysis). Overall failure was the same between the two groups. However, a higher surgery rate was noted for patients having undergone two injections versus one injection [47 % versus 27 % ( p<0.013), ITT]. Diabetes was associated with a higher surgery rate at 1 year within the group of overall failures [56 % versus 37 % ( p=0.0505), ITT]. High baseline DASH score (>40) was associated with a median time of 10 months for failure and 6 months for surgery as per a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis ( p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively, ITT). Conclusions As overall failure of steroid injection for trigger finger is not improved with staged, two-injection treatment, we recommend a single injection initial treatment for trigger finger with a second injection given in cases of recurrence or failure. Diabetes was a risk factor for needing surgery if failure occurred within 1 year. The baseline DASH score is helpful in predicting which patients have a higher chance of failing as well as needing surgery.
Second cohomotopy and nonabelian cohomology
Authors: Pirashvili Mariam 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe main difficulty in the theory of non-abelian cohomology is that for cosimplicial groups only zero-th and first dimensional cohomotopy are known. In this article we introduce a new class of cosimplicial groups, called centralised cosimplicial groups, for which we are able to define a second cohomotopy, with all expected properties. The main examples of such cosimplicial groups come from 2-categories.
Top management teams and performance in non-listed family firms
Authors: Cabrera-Suárez M Katiuska , Martín-Santana Josefa D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSupporting on recent theoretical approaches to the concept of familiness based on the notion of social capital, this study analyzes the composition of top management teams in non-listed family firms and its effect on the performance of these firms. An empirical analysis comprising 929 Spanish private family firms highlights the positive and significant influence of the inclusion of non-family managers, the family nature of top executives, as well as the presence of the founder. The study includes no significant results regarding homogeneity within family managers, or the interaction between a top family executive and the proportion of non-family managers.
The impact of comparative state-directed development on working conditions and employee satisfaction
Authors: Westover Jonathan H 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this research, I apply and extend Kohli's state-directed development framework to better understand country-level factors influencing cross-national differences in job characteristics and job satisfaction. Prior research has indicated that the nature of work has changed dramatically in recent years in response to economic shifts and an increasingly global economy. However, there is little agreement on whether the overall quality of work has improved or declined over that period and little is known about the overall comparative quality of work and job satisfaction across the global economy. In this study I use non-panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (survey questions on job characteristics and job quality) and various country-contextual variables. This article explores the impact of state-directed development on job satisfaction, first identifying and explaining the foundations of the statist literature, and then using various statistical methods to test for statistically significant impact and variation across countries.
How family control influences FDI entry mode choice
Authors: Kao Ming-Sung , Kuo Anthony , Chang Yi-Chieh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how family control influences entry mode choice between joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries. Based on past studies revealing family-controlled firms’ unique concerns regarding the preservation of socioemotional wealth, the researchers posit that, firms with higher family control respond more drastically to perceived environmental uncertainty when choosing their entry mode. The researchers hypothesize that, when perceiving high environmental uncertainty, firms with higher versus lower family control are more likely to choose joint ventures. However, when perceiving low environmental uncertainty, firms with higher versus lower family control tend to choose wholly owned subsidiaries. The empirical results obtained from a sample of 1,644 investments undertaken by publicly listed companies in Taiwan support the hypotheses.
Higher-Level Conformal Blocks Divisors on
Authors: Alexeev Valery , Gibney Angela , Swinarski David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe study a family of semi-ample divisors on the moduli space of n-pointed genus 0 curves given by higher-level conformal blocks. We derive formulae for their intersections with a basis of 1-cycles, show that they form a basis for the Sn-invariant Picard group, and generate a full-dimensional subcone of the Sn-invariant nef cone. We find their position in the nef cone and study their associated morphisms.
Chemical analysis of sea ice vein μ-environments using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Barletta Robert E. , Dikes Heather M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSea ice is a unique environment providing a vast habitat for a variety of life, including microscopic organisms. It accounts for roughly 5–6% of the surface area of the oceans. It is a complex porous structure of crystalline water, gas bubbles, and pockets of brine, as well as a connected structure composed of macro- and micro-porosity filled with concentrated aqueous liquids. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to characterise features of ice at a spatial resolution of a few to tens of micrometers, the scale of relevance to trapped microorganisms, by providing information concerning the presence and amount of molecular species present in the trapped liquids. We have applied this technique to determine the spatial distribution of sulphate, phosphate and carbonate anions in sea-ice veins using ice obtained from the vicinity of the Palmer Station, Antarctica. The observed sulphate concentrations were approximately 20–30% higher than nominal surface seawater concentrations, consistent with the concentration of brine in vein and inclusion liquids during the ice formation process. This concentration was lower than that in veins present in laboratory-prepared ice. Carbonate and dibasic phosphate anions were also observed in the sea ice. This speciation is consistent with an alkaline environment in the sea-ice aqueous system. The mean dibasic phosphate concentration found throughout the sample was 648 mM, while, for carbonate, it was 485 mM. However, these anions showed extremely high spatial variability. The high phosphate and carbonate enhancements observed relative to sulphate point to the influence of processes other than brine formation controlling the chemistry of these anions in sea ice.
Effects of reading speed on second-language sentence processing
Authors: KAAN EDITH , BALLANTYNE JOCELYN C. , WIJNEN FRANK 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo test the effects of reading speed on second-language (L2) sentence processing and the potential influence of conflicting native language word order, we compared advanced L2 learners of English with native English speakers on a self-paced reading task. L2 learners read faster overall than native English speakers. When differences in reading speed were controlled for, L2 learners were as sensitive to grammaticality manipulations as native English speakers. On-line reading times did not reflect any effect of cross-language conflict in the learners. Results from an end-of-sentence verification task showed a stronger bias toward a subject–object order in the cross-language conflict conditions in speed-matched L2 learners but not in L2 learners reading faster than native speakers. Results are compatible with hypothesized differences in resource allocation between L2 and native language processing.
Variability in mitochondria of zebrafish photoreceptor ellipsoids
Authors: TARBOUSH R. , NOVALES FLAMARIQUE I. , CHAPMAN G.B. , CONNAUGHTON V.P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUltrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stained electron-dense mitochondria (E-DM), and two cone types could be distinguished: (1) those with electron-lucent mitochondria (E-LM) and (2) those with mitochondria of moderate electron density. These distinctions were also apparent at later ages (8 and 15 dpf). Rods from adult fish had fewer mitochondria than their corresponding cones. The ellipsoids of some fully differentiated single and double cones contained large E-DM with few cristae; these were surrounded by small E-LM with typical internal morphology. The mitochondria within the ellipsoids of other single cones showed similar electron density. Microspectrophotometry of cone ellipsoids from adult fish indicated that the large E-DM had a small absorbance peak (∼0.03 OD units) and did not contain cytochrome-c, but crocetin, a carotenoid found in old world monkeys. Crocetin functions to prevent oxidative damage to photoreceptors, suggesting that the ellipsoid mitochondria in adult zebrafish cones protect against apoptosis and function metabolically, rather than as a light filter.
Solastalgia: Living With the Environmental Damage Caused By Natural Disasters
Authors: Warsini Sri , Mills Jane , Usher Kim 
Published: January 2014

AbstractForced separation from one's home may trigger emotional distress. People who remain in their homes may experience emotional distress due to living in a severely damaged environment. These people experience a type of ‘homesickness’ similar to nostalgia because the land around them no longer resembles the home they knew and loved. What they lack is solace or comfort from their home; they long for the home environment to be the way it was before. “Solastalgia” is a term created to describe feelings which arise in people when an environment changes so much that it negatively affects an individual's quality of life. Such changed environments may include drought-stricken areas and open-cut mines. The aim of this article is to describe how solastalgia, originally conceptualized as the result of man-made environmental change, can be similarly applied to the survivors of natural disasters. Using volcanic eruptions as a case example, the authors argue that people who experience a natural disaster are likely to suffer from solastalgia for a number of reasons, which may include the loss of housing, livestock and farmland, and the ongoing danger of living in a disaster-prone area. These losses and fears challenge people's established sense of place and identity and can lead to feelings of helplessness and depression.WarsiniS, MillsJ, UsherK. Solastalgia: living with the environmental damage caused by natural disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014:29(1);1-4.
Association of vitamin D with adiposity measures and other determinants in a cross-sectional study of Cypriot adolescents
Authors: Kolokotroni Ourania , Papadopoulou Anna , Yiallouros Panayiotis K , Raftopoulos Vasilios , Kouta Christiana , Lamnisos Demetris , Nicolaidou Polyxeni , Middleton Nicos 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess vitamin D status among Cypriot adolescents and investigate potential determinants including BMI and body fat percentage (BF%).DesignParticipants had cross-sectional assessments of serum vitamin D, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure. Linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of vitamin D with potential predictors.SettingHospitals, Cyprus, November 2007–May 2008.SubjectsAdolescents (n 671) aged 16–18 years.ResultsMean serum vitamin D was 22·90 (sd 6·41) ng/ml. Only one in ten children had sufficient levels of vitamin D (≥30 ng/ml), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (12–20 ng/ml) and severe deficiency (<12 ng/ml) was 31·7 % and 4·0 %, respectively. Lower vitamin D was associated with winter and spring season, female gender, reduced sun exposure in winter and darker skin. Participants with highest BMI and BF% when compared with a middle reference group had increased adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 3·00; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·45 and OR = 5·02; 95 % CI 1·80, 13·97, respectively). A similar pattern, although not as strong, was shown for vitamin D deficiency with BF% (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI 1·04, 3·16) and BMI (OR = 1·51; 95 % CI 0·85, 2·67). Participants in the lowest BMI and BF% groups also displayed compromised vitamin D status, suggesting a U-shaped association.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency in adolescence is very prevalent in sunny Cyprus, particularly among females, those with darker skin and those with reduced sun exposure in winter. Furthermore, vitamin D status appears to have a U-shaped association with adiposity measures.
The virus’s tooth: cyanophages affect an African flamingo population in a bottom-up cascade
Authors: Peduzzi Peter , Gruber Martin , Gruber Michael , Schagerl Michael 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Trophic cascade effects occur when a food web is disrupted by loss or significant reduction of one or more of its members. In East African Rift Valley lakes, the Lesser Flamingo is on top of a short food chain. At irregular intervals, the dominance of their most important food source, the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis, is interrupted. Bacteriophages are known as potentially controlling photoautotrophic bacterioplankton. In Lake Nakuru (Kenya), we found the highest abundance of suspended viruses ever recorded in a natural aquatic system. We document that cyanophage infection and the related breakdown of A. fusiformis biomass led to a dramatic reduction in flamingo abundance. This documents that virus infection at the very base of a food chain can affect, in a bottom-up cascade, the distribution of end consumers. We anticipate this as an important example for virus-mediated cascading effects, potentially occurring also in various other aquatic food webs.