bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Erdbeben vom 17. Mai 2014 in Südhessen – Ingenieuranalyse der Erdbebenschäden
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger , Leipold Mathias , Langhammer Tobias , Kracht Matthias , Müller Bernd 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBei dem Erdbeben vom 17. Mai 2014 in Südhessen handelt es sich um das schwerste Ereignis auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik im Jahr 2014. Die Schütterwirkungen des Erdbebens konnten in weiten Teilen von Südhessen, aber auch in Baden‐Württemberg bis Stuttgart wahrgenommen werden.Obwohl die Magnitude ML = 4,2 auf ein vergleichsweise moderat schwaches Beben schließen lässt, gab es eine bemerkenswerte Schadenskonzentration im Ortsteil Nieder‐Beerbach der Gemeinde Mühltal.Im betroffenen Gebiet wurden die Bauwerksschäden aufgenommen und ihre Verteilung dokumentiert. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Eindruck von den vorgefundenen Schäden und unternimmt den Versuch, die Ursachen für die Schadenskonzentration aufzuzeigen. Wie herausgearbeitet werden kann, können die Nähe des Epizentrums und lokale Standorteffekte für eine erste Erklärung herangezogen werden.Wie dargestellt wird, ist insbesondere infolge der vorherrschenden nicht‐strukturellen Schäden ein Interpretationsspielraum für die makroseismische Einordnung des Bebens gegeben.The earthquake on May 17, 2014 in Southern Hesse – Engineering analysis of earthquake damageThe earthquake on May 17, 2014 in Southern Hesse was the strongest event on the territory of Germany in 2014. The effects of the earthquake ground motion could not only be perceived in large parts of southern Hesse but also in Stuttgart/Baden‐Württemberg.Although it was a relatively weak earthquake, there was a remarkable damage concentration in the district Nieder‐Beerbach of the community Mühltal.In the affected area, the structural damage and their distribution are documented. The paper gives an overview of the damage cases and can be regarded as an attempt to identify the areas of damage concentration. As an outcome of different field surveys and mapping procedures it can be concluded that the location of buildings in vicinity to the epicenter and local site effects have mainly contributed to an increase of damage grades.Furthermore, results indicate different options for the macroseismic classification of the earthquake, especially with respect to the evaluation of the damage to non‐structural elements.
Untersuchungen zur Zementfiltration während der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden
Authors: Domes Xenia , Benz Thomas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractErfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass das Aufbringen eines Verpressdrucks bei der Herstellung von Verpressankern in nichtbindigen Böden die Ankertragfähigkeit maßgeblich steigert, über die genauen Vorgänge während des Verpressvorgangs ist allerdings wenig bekannt. Zwar wird die Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit hauptsächlich auf einen Anstieg der Radialspannungen auf dem Verpresskörper und im umgebenden Boden zurückgeführt, jedoch sind die genauen Zusammenhänge zwischen Höhe des Verpressdrucks, der Verpressdauer und dem Spannungszustand unklar.Auf Grundlage von Labor‐ und Feldversuchen sowie numerischen Simulationen wurden die Vorgänge während der Ankerherstellung in nichtbindigen Böden untersucht. Zielsetzung hierbei war es, den Einfluss des Verpressvorgangs auf die auf den Anker wirkenden Radialspannungen zu ermitteln.In einer Serie von Laborversuchen wurden das Filtrationsverhalten von Zementsuspensionen sowie die Stoffeigenschaften des entstehenden Filterkuchens in Abhängigkeit des Verpressdrucks und des Wassergehalts der Suspension ermittelt. Messungen der Suspensionsdrücke im Bohrloch während und nach der Ankerherstellung gaben Aufschluss über das Filtrationsverhalten in situ und Hinweise darauf, wie sich die Radialspannungen auf den Ankerkörper erhöhen.Basierend auf den Versuchsergebnissen wurde ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, mit dem der Filtrationsvorgang von Zementsuspension in einer FEM‐Analyse simuliert werden kann.Cement grout filtration during installation of grouted ground anchors in non‐cohesive soilsPressure grouting during installation of grouted ground anchors is known to increase anchor capacity in non‐cohesive soils, but little information is available on correlations between applied grouting pressures, duration of grouting, ground conditions and increase of anchor pull‐out capacity.Based on laboratory and in situ tests as well as numerical simulations the processes taking place during installation of grouted ground anchors are investigated for non‐cohesive soils. It was aimed to determine the influence of pressure grouting on the stresses on the anchor body and the properties of the adjacent soil. The knowledge of those is considered prerequisite in order to determine the anchors pull‐out capacity.Laboratory experiments are presented, which investigated the filtration process of cement grouts and the properties of the filter cake material, taking into account the influence of grouting pressure and initial water/cement ratio of the grout.In in situ tests during anchor installation the grout pressure was measured inside the borehole during and after anchor installation. Measurements confirmed a grout filtration inside the grouting length and indicated the increase of radial stresses on the anchor body.Finally a numerical model is proposed to simulate the filtration process of cement grout in a fully coupled flow‐displacement finite element analysis.
Überprüfung der zusätzlichen Regeln für ∅︁40 mm nach EC2
Authors: Oettel Vincent , Empelmann Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDie Verwendung von Betonstählen mit großen Durchmessern > ∅︁32 mm kann bei Druckgliedern zu einer Vereinfachung in der Bewehrungsführung führen, weil sich die Anzahl der Bewehrungsstäbe deutlich verringert. Dadurch ergeben sich auch Vorteile beim Verlegeaufwand, beim Betonieren und Verdichten. Die in DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in Verbindung mit DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA enthaltenen Zusatzregelungen für ∅︁40 mm schränken die baupraktische Anwendung stark ein, da sie auf einer Übertragung der normativen Konstruktionsregeln für Stabbündel sowie auf der Übernahme der besonderen Konstruktionsregeln aus allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen beruhen und experimentell nicht vollständig abgesichert sind. Am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig, wurden experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen an normal‐ und hochfesten Betondruckgliedern mit Rechteckquerschnitt und Längsbewehrungsstäben ∅︁40 mm durchgeführt. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen konnten die Zusatzregeln reduziert und ein Beitrag für eine stärkere baupraktische Anwendung von großen Stabdurchmessern in Druckgliedern geliefert werden.Checking of additional rules for ∅︁40 mm according to EC2 – Part 3: ColumnsThe use of reinforcing bars with large diameters > ∅︁32 mm can lead to a simplification in the configuration of the reinforcement due to a significant reduction of the number of reinforcement bars. That leads also to advantages in reinforcing works, concreting and compaction. DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 in conjunction with DIN EN 1992‐1‐1/NA contains additional requirements for large diameter bars, which limit the use of these bars and are based on the transfer of design rules of bundled bars as well as on the adoption of specific design rules from “allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen” and are not completely assured by experiments. Therefore, experimental and theoretical studies on normal and high strength concrete compression members with rectangular cross‐section and longitudinal rebars ∅︁40 mm were conducted at the iBMB, Division of Concrete Construction of the TU Braunschweig. Based on the studies, the additional requirements could be reduced and a contribution for a stronger practical construction application of large diameters in compression members could be provided.
Untersuchungen zum Durchstanztragverhalten exzentrisch belasteter Einzelfundamente
Authors: Kueres Dominik , Wieneke Katrin , Siburg Carsten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDer Bemessungsansatz gegen Durchstanzen nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) wurde anhand der Ergebnisse von Durchstanzversuchen an zentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten hergeleitet. Während für die Ermittlung des Durchstanzwiderstands eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Schubspannungen entlang des kritischen Rundschnitts unterstellt wird, werden Lastexzentrizitäten auf der Einwirkungsseite über den Lasterhöhungsbeiwert β berücksichtigt.Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Durchstanztragverhalten exzentrisch belasteter Einzelfundamente deuten auf eine Reduktion des mehraxialen Spannungszustands entlang des Stützenanschnitts mit steigender Lastausmitte hin. Ausgehend von in der Literatur beschriebenen Durchstanzversuchen an exzentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten wurden nichtlineare Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen durchgeführt, um in Parameterstudien den Einfluss der Lastausmitte auf die Durchstanztragfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Anhand der Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulationen wurde ein Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung von Lastexzentrizitäten bei der Durchstanzbemessung von Einzelfundamenten nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) erarbeitet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen an exzentrisch belasteten Einzelfundamenten vorgestellt und ein Vergleich des neuen Vorschlags mit den bestehenden Ansätzen sowie einer systematischen Versuchsserie präsentiert.Investigations on the punching behaviour of eccentrically loaded footingsThe design concept for punching shear according to DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) has been derived from the results of tests conducted on centrically loaded footings. While a uniform distribution of shear stress along the critical perimeter is assumed for determining the punching shear resistance, load eccentricities are taken into account by the load‐increasing factor β.Theoretical and experimental investigations on the punching shear behaviour of eccentrically loaded footings indicate a reduction of the multi‐axial stress state along the column face with increasing load eccentricity. Based on punching tests on eccentrically loaded footings described in literature, non‐linear finite‐element simulations have been performed and subsequently the influence of load eccentricity on the punching shear behaviour has been examined in parameter studies. Based on the results of the numerical simulations, an approach for the consideration of load eccentricities in the punching shear design of footings according to DIN EN 1992‐1‐1+NA(D) has been developed. This article presents and describes the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on eccentrically loaded footings and compares the new proposal with existing approaches by means of a systematic test series.
Numerical investigation of dynamic microorgan devices as drug screening platforms. Part II: Microscale modeling approach and validation
Authors: Tourlomousis Filippos , Chang Robert C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe authors have previously reported a rigorous macroscale modeling approach for an in vitro 3D dynamic microorgan device (DMD). This paper represents the second of a two‐part model‐based investigation where the effect of microscale (single liver cell‐level) shear‐mediated mechanotransduction on drug biotransformation is deconstructed. Herein, each cell is explicitly incorporated into the geometric model as single compartmentalized metabolic structures. Each cell's metabolic activity is coupled with the microscale hydrodynamic Wall Shear Stress (WSS) simulated around the cell boundary through a semi‐empirical polynomial function as an additional reaction term in the mass transfer equations. Guided by the macroscale model‐based hydrodynamics, only 9 cells in 3 representative DMD domains are explicitly modeled. Dynamic and reaction similarity rules based on non‐dimensionalization are invoked to correlate the numerical and empirical models, accounting for the substrate time scales. The proposed modeling approach addresses the key challenge of computational cost towards modeling complex large‐scale DMD‐type system with prohibitively high cell densities. Transient simulations are implemented to extract the drug metabolite profile with the microscale modeling approach validated with an experimental drug flow study. The results from the author's study demonstrate the preferred implementation of the microscale modeling approach over that of its macroscale counterpart. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 623–634. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Femoral access‐related complications during percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation comparing single versus double Prostar XL device closure
Authors: Saleh Nawsad , De Palma Rodney , Settergren Magnus , Rück Andreas 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a double Prostar XL suture‐based closure technique compared to a conventional single Prostar XL technique in elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) via the common femoral artery.BackgroundTAVI is recommended as a treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis for those who are at high or prohibitive risk of surgical valve replacement. Vascular complications remain the most frequent category of procedural complication. The most efficacious and safest percutaneous suture‐based closure technique is unknown.MethodsProspective observational study of Prostar XL device closures used in 126 consecutive patients between 2012 and 2014. Single Prostar XL closure was used in 63 patients and double Prostar XL closure in a further 63 patients. Outcomes from the groups were compared. All patients were treated transfemorally through an 18Fr sheath. Technical success was defined as hemostasis not requiring interventional or surgical repair during hospital admission. Bleeding and vascular complications were defined using the second consensus of the valvular academic research consortium (VARC‐2) criteria.ResultsThe cohort was aged 83+/‐6 and 48% were female with a logistic Euroscore of 24+/‐11.6. Technical success was 86% and 98% respectively (P = 0.017) with systematic single and double Prostar XL closure. Composite VARC‐2 vascular and bleeding complications occurred more frequently in the single Prostar XL group compared to the double Prostar XL group (10 [16%] v 3 [5%] P < 0.04, and 17 [27%] v 6 [10%] P < 0.004).ConclusionA systematic double Prostar XL closure technique for large caliber arterial access sites during TAVI is feasible, safe and associated with fewer technical failures, fewer vascular complications, and less bleeding compared with single Prostar XL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malattached septum primum and deficient septal rim predict unsuccessful transcatheter closure of atrial communications
Authors: Ostermayer Stefan H. , Srivastava Shubhika , Doucette John T. , Ko H. Helen , Geiger Miwa , Parness Ira A. , Love Barry A. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesAssess impact of malattached septum primum (MASP) on transcatheter closure of interatrial communications.BackgroundLarge defect size and deficient rims have been described as predictors for complications and unsuccessful device placement in closure of interatrial communications. MASP is an underappreciated morphologic atrial septal variation whose prevalence in isolated atrial communications and its influence on percutaneous device closure has not been systematically assessed.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated echocardiographic data of 328 patients scheduled for percutaneous secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure between January 2006 and January 2013. In ASD patients, defect size was measured by balloon stretch diameter while the length of the surrounding rims was measured in standard transthoracic and transesophageal views. Furthermore, the distance between septum primum and septum secundum as it attaches to the left atrial roof was evaluated in both, ASD and PFO patients. Septal anatomy of patients with procedural failure was compared to the anatomy of patients in whom the procedure was successful.ResultsTranscatheter defect closure was successful in 131 (92.3%) of 142 ASD patients (32.3 years ± 24.7 years) and in all 186 PFO patients (49.6 years ± 16.2 years). Thirteen (4%) patients were found to have MASP (1.6 mm–13 mm). Smaller retroaortic rim, inferior rim, and the presence of a MASP were independently associated with procedural failure in ASD patients (P = 0.02, P = 0.03, and P = 0.003, respectively).ConclusionSmaller retroaortic and inferior rims, as well as MASP are independent risk factors for unsuccessful transcatheter ASD closure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of smoking status on clinical outcomes after successful chronic total occlusion intervention: Korean national registry of CTO intervention
Authors: Lee Min‐Ho , Park Jin Joo , Yoon Chang‐Hwan , Cha Myung‐Jin , Park Sang‐Don , Oh Il‐Young , Suh Jung‐Won , Cho Young‐Seok , Youn Tae‐Jin , Rha Seung‐Woon , Yu Cheol Woong , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Jang Yangsoo , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Chae In‐Ho , Choi Dong‐Ju 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on long‐term outcomes after successful percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions.BackgroundCigarette smoking promotes the progression of atherosclerosis but enhances the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel.MethodsThe Korea National Registry of CTO Intervention included 2,167 patients with CTO lesions from 26 centers who were successfully revascularized with drug‐eluting stents from 2007 to 2009. Thrombotic events were defined as the composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis.ResultsCurrent‐smokers had more favorable baseline characteristics such as a younger age and lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. At 1 year, current‐smokers had a significantly lower thrombotic event rate (1.1% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.034), but a significantly higher target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate (7.2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.017) compared with never‐smokers. After adjustment, current‐smoking was independently associated with a 72% decreased risk for thrombotic events, and 73% increased risk for TVR.ConclusionsIn patients with a revascularized CTO lesion, cigarette smoking is associated with fewer thrombotic events but with a higher incidence of TVR. Patients with CTO may benefit from smoking cessation to reduce TVR in conjunction with the use of new more potent antiplatelet agents whose effect is independent of cigarette smoking to improve thrombotic events. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous occlusion of vascular malformations in pediatric and adult patients: 20‐Year Experience of a Single Center
Authors: Pereira‐da‐Silva Tiago , Martins José Diogo , de Sousa Lídia , Fiarresga António , Trigo Pereira Conceição , Cruz Ferreira Rui , Ferreira Pinto Fátima 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveA case series on different vascular malformations (VM) treated with percutaneous occlusion in children and adults is presented.BackgroundPercutaneous occlusion is usually the preferred treatment method for VM. Previous series have mostly focused on single types of devices and/or VM.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patients who underwent percutaneous occlusion of VM in a single center, from 1995 to 2014, excluding patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical and angiographic data, procedural details, implanted devices, and complications were assessed. Procedural success was defined as effective device deployment with none or minimal residual flow. Predictors of procedural failure and complications were determined by multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 123 VM were intervened in 47 patients with median age of 12 years (25 days–76 years). The VM included 55 pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae, 39 aortopulmonary collaterals, 10 systemic venovenous collaterals, 8 peripheral arteriovenous fistulae, 5 Blalock‐Taussig shunts, 4 coronary fistulae, and 2 Fontan fenestrations. The 143 devices used included 80 vascular plugs, 38 coils, 22 duct occluders, and 3 foramen ovale or atrial septal defect occluders. Median vessel size was 4.5 (2.0–16.0) mm and device/vessel size ratio was 1.4 (1.1–2.0). Successful occlusion was achieved in 118 (95.9%) VM, including three reinterventions. Four (3.3%) clinically relevant complications occurred, without permanent sequelae. Lower body weight was independently associated with procedural failure and complications.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the largest series on different VM occluded percutaneously in children and adults, excluding patent ductus arteriosus. Percutaneous occlusion was effective and safe, using different devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transulnar versus transradial access for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dahal Khagendra , Rijal Jharendra , Lee Juyong , Korr Kenneth S. , Azrin Michael 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAlthough transfemoral access (TFA) remains the standard of care for patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the USA, TRA is being increasingly used over TFA due to lower bleeding and mortality rates on the basis of meta‐analyses and recently published MATRIX trial. In patients with unsuccessful ipsilateral radial access, TUA has been used as an alternative approach. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TUA and TRA have reached mixed conclusions regarding the use of transulnar approach for coronary procedures.ObjectivesTo systematically review and perform a meta‐analysis of published RCTs comparing the safety and efficacy of transulnar access (TUA) vs. transradial access (TRA) in patients undergoing CA or PCI.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for RCTs since inception through December, 2014. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model.ResultsFive RCTs involving 2,744 total patients were included in the meta‐analysis. TUA compared with TRA had similar risks of MACE [risk ratio (RR): 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–1.36;P = 0.54] and access‐related complications [RR: 0.92 (0.67–1.27);P = 0.62]. Higher rates of access cross‐over [RR: 2.31 (1.07–4.98);P = 0.003] and number of punctures [1.57 vs. 1.4; mean difference (MD): 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08–0.26;P = 0.0002] were noted with TUA. There was no difference in arterial access time [12.8 vs. 10.9 min; MD: 1.86 (−1.35–5.7);P = 0.26], fluoroscopy time [7.6 vs. 7.2 min; MD: 0.37 (−0.39 − 1.13);P = 0.34] and contrast volume [151 vs. 153.7 ml; MD: −2.74 (−17.21 − 11.73);P = 0.71].ConclusionFor patients requiring CA or PCI, TUA compared with TRA has similar efficacy and safety except for higher puncture rates and access cross‐over. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.