bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Hormones Influence Women's Sex? Sexual Activity over the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Caruso Salvatore , Agnello Carmela , Malandrino Chiara , Lo Presti Lucia , Cicero Carla , Cianci Stefano 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
In mammals, the effects of ovarian steroids influence sexual behavior. In humans, there are a few studies that take into account if ovulation occurs.

Aim
The study aims to investigate if a woman's sexuality changes during the week and over the menstrual cycle, and if so, in what way.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study; 1,957 heterosexual women were involved over the period January 2004–December 2011. Two subgroups were taken into consideration, women having a partner and singles.

Main Outcome Measure
Sexual interview and the Female Sexual Function Index and Female Sexual Distress Scale questionnaires were used to exclude women with sexual dysfunction. Women with ovulation confirmed by sonography were enrolled. Women were given diary cards on which to report their daily sexual activity. Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index were measured during the follicular, periovular, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Results
One thousand one hundred eighty women (age range 18–40 years) were included in the analyses. Of them, 925 had a heterosexual relationship and 255 were single. Women with a partner had more sexual activity during the weekend, while the singles had a constant sexual activity over the week. The sexual activity of singles was higher during the ovulatory phase and lower during menses than that of the women with a partner. A linear correlation between sexual activity and androgenic hormonal profile during the menstrual cycle in women with and without a partner was observed.

Conclusions
Ovarian steroids modulate a woman's sexual activity. This aspect was more evident in singles than in women having a partner, in which a variety of nonhormonal factors can have a role.
Stability of the sponge assemblage ofMediterranean coralligenous concretions along a millennial time span
Authors: Bertolino Marco , Calcinai Barbara , Cattaneo‐Vietti Riccardo , Cerrano Carlo , Lafratta Anna , Pansini Maurizio , Pica Daniela , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTheMediterranean coralligenous substratum is a hard bottom of biogenic origin, mainly composed of calcareous algae, growing in dim light conditions. Sponges are among of the most representative taxa of the coralligenous assemblages, with more than 300 recorded species of different habits: massive, erect, boring and insinuating. When sponges die, their siliceous spicules remain trapped in the biogenic concretion, offering the opportunity to describe the coralligenous spongofauna over a very long span of time, virtually dating back to a large part of theHolocene period. The data reported here were obtained from core samples collected from four coralligenous concretions. Each block was collected in a different locality of theLigurianSea:SantoStefanoShoals,Bogliasco,Punta delFaro (PortofinoPromontory) andPuntaManara.Radiocarbon age determinations indicate for these conglomerates a maximal age between 1600 and 3100 years. The spicules trapped in the cores show deep dissolution marks in the form of circular holes on their surface or present an enlargement of the axial canal. However, their original shape, generally intact, suggests the absence of mechanical injuries and allows a tentative identification at the species level. The analysis of these old spicules reveals an ancient sponge assemblage composed of 30 recognisable species. This indicates that almost one half of the sponge community today settled on coralligenous substrata has been present in the conglomerates for their entire existence.
Unravelling bacteriophage ϕ11 requirements for packaging and transfer of mobile genetic elements in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Quiles‐Puchalt Nuria , Martínez‐Rubio Roser , Ram Geeta , Lasa Íñigo , Penadés José R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBacteriophages play a major role in spreading mobile genetic elements (MGEs)‐encoded genes among bacterial populations. In spite of this, the molecular requirements for building phage transducing particles have not been completely deciphered. Here, we systematically inactivated each ORF from the packaging and lysis modules of the staphylococcal phage ϕ11, used as a model for the Siphoviridae phages infecting Gram‐positive bacteria, and determined their functional role in transferring different MGEs including plasmids, staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) and the phage itself. In a previous report, we identified seven of these ORFs as being required for the production of functional phage or SaPI particles. In this report, we have completed the mutational analysis and have identified and characterized 15 additional phage‐encoded proteins required for the production of mature phage, SaPI, or transducing particles. Apart from these, we have not yet ascertained any specific function for the six remaining ϕ11 genes, though they are highly conserved among the staphylococcal bacteriophages. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic deletion analysis of all the ORFs comprising the morphogenetic and lysis modules of a phage, clearly defining the molecular requirements involved in phage‐mediated MGEs transfer.
One‐week temporal stability of hyperactivity in preschoolers with ADHD during psychometric assessment
Authors: Miyahara Motohide , Healey Dione M. , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2013

AimTo examine the usefulness of temporal measures of motor activity during psychometric assessment on two different assessment days, 1 week apart with a scope to help the early identification of hyperactivity.MethodsActigraph measures at the ankle and the waist were compared on the first and the second days of psychometric assessment in a total of 169 children (93 children in ADHD group; 76 children in Non‐ADHD group) aged 3 years and 4 years.ResultsThere was a significant interaction effect between group and time on the activity level at the waist. Although the activity level of the waist in the children with ADHD did not significantly differ between Day 1 and Day 2, the activity level of the children without ADHD declined significantly from Day 1 to 2. A total of 70% of children were correctly classified into ADHD or Non‐ADHD groups based only on Day 2 waist activity data.ConclusionThe temporal consistency of hyperactivity in young children with ADHD during psychometric assessment is confirmed, indicating that objective measures of motor activity at the waist over different days of psychometric assessment can provide additional information for the stability of hyperactivity.
Primary visual cortical metabolism and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Chiba Yuhei , Iseki Eizo , Fujishiro Hiroshige , Ota Kazumi , Kasanuki Koji , Arai Heii , Hirayasu Yoshio , Sato Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2013

AimSignificant glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex (PVC) is considered to support a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but its relationship to the clinical features remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the metabolic pattern and clinical variables in DLB.MethodsA total of 27 DLB patients who underwent [18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography scans were examined. Demographics and clinical variables were compared between patients with and without glucose hypometabolism in the PVC. The correlations between the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in the PVC and clinical variables were also investigated.ResultsOnly the onset age of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was significantly different between patients with and withoutglucose hypometabolism in the PVC, being younger in patients with the metabolic pattern; there were no other differences in clinical variables. The onset age of probable RBD was significantly correlated with the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in the PVC.ConclusionsGlucose hypometabolism in the PVC provides a potential mechanism for the link between antecedent RBD and the subsequent development of dementia in DLB patients. Glucose hypometabolism in the PVC may represent the effect of the pathophysiological process of DLB on RBD rather than a distinct condition in the disease progression. The physiological aspects of the link between this metabolic pattern and the onset of RBD remain unclear.
Sex‐specific effects of subjective memory complaints with respect to cognitive impairment or depressive symptoms
Authors: Tomita Tetsu , Sugawara Norio , Kaneda Ayako , Okubo Noriyuki , Iwane Kaori , Takahashi Ippei , Kaneko Sunao , Yasui‐Furukori Norio 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between subjective memory complaints (SMC) and sex.MethodsWe researched the prevalence of SMC in a sample of 394 participants who were at least 60 years of age (138 male and 256 female). We also administered the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression (CES‐D) scale. A multiple logistic regression analysis, which included SMC in association with the MMSE or CES‐D scores and other confounding factors, was performed to determine the influence of sex on SMC. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe durations of education of male participants were significantly higher than those of female participants. MMSE scores for female participants were significantly higher than those for male participants. There was no significant difference in CES‐D scores between male and female participants. Twenty‐four male participants and 72 female participants showed evidence of SMC. The incidence of SMC was more frequent in female participants than in male participants. In all participants, sex difference and CES‐D score were significantly associated with SMC. In male participants, MMSE score was independently and significantly associated with SMC. Both in female participants and all participants, CES‐D score was independently and significantly associated with SMC.ConclusionSMC varied by sex and were associated with the degree of cognitive impairment in male participants, while they were associated with depressive symptoms in female participants.
Differences in psychiatric symptoms among Asian patients with depression: A multi‐country cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmad H. , Bautista Dianne , Liu Chia‐Yih , Udomratn Pichet , Bae Jae Nam , Fang Yiru , Chua Hong C. , Liu Shen‐Ing , George Tom , Chan Edwin , Tian‐mei Si , Hong Jin Pyo , Srisurapanont Manit , Rush A. John ,   the Mood Disorders Research: Asian & Australian Network
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to compare the symptomatic and clinical features of depression among five groups of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) living in China, Korea, Malaysia/Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand.MethodsConsecutive consenting adults (aged 18–65) who met DSM‐IV criteria for non‐psychotic MDD – based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – and who were free of psychotropic medication were evaluated in a cross‐sectional study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 10‐item Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the 13‐item depression subscale of the Symptoms Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R). In addition, the 10‐item SCL‐90‐R Anxiety Subscale was completed. ancova were conducted, adjusting for confounders: age, completion of secondary education, marital status, work status, religion, index episode duration, and depressive severity. For the magnitude of differences, a threshold of 0.10 was taken as theminimum effect size representing clinical significance, and an effect size of 0.25 was considered moderate.ResultsFour MADRS symptoms differentiated these five groups, the most prominent being ‘lassitude’ and ‘inner tension’. Nine SCL‐90‐R depression items also differentiated the groups, as did eight SCL‐90‐R Anxiety Subscale items. The MADRS lassitude item had the largest effect size (0.131). The rest of those statistically significant differences did not exceed 0.10.ConclusionMDD is more similar than different among outpatients in these diverse Asian countries. The between‐country differences, while present and not due to chance, are small enough to enable the use of common clinician and self‐report rating scales in studies involving Asians with MDD from various ethnic backgrounds.
Oxidation of Plasmalogen, Low‐Density Lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 Cells by Photoactivatable Atomic Oxygen Precursors
Authors: Bourdillon Max T. , Ford Benjamin A. , Knulty Ashley T. , Gray Colleen N. , Zhang Miao , Ford David A. , McCulla Ryan D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe oxidation of lipids by endogenous or environmental reactive oxygen species (ROS) generates a myriad of different lipid oxidation products that have important roles in disease pathology. The lipid oxidation products obtained in these reactions are dependent upon the identity of the reacting ROS. The photoinduced deoxygenation of various aromatic heterocyclic oxides has been suggested to generate ground state atomic oxygen (O[3P]) as an oxidant; however, very little is known about reactions between lipids and O(3P). To identify lipid oxidation products arising from the reaction of lipids with O(3P), photoactivatable precursors of O(3P) were irradiated in the presence of lysoplasmenylcholine, low‐density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Four different aldehyde products consistent with the oxidation of plasmalogens were observed. The four aldehydes were: tetradecanal, pentadecanal, 2‐hexadecenal and hexadecanal. Depending upon the conditions, either pentadecanal or 2‐hexadecenal was the major product. Increased amounts of the aldehyde products were observed in aerobic conditions.
A Dynamic Bivariate Poisson Model for Analysing and Forecasting Match Results in the English Premier League
Authors: Koopman Siem Jan , Lit Rutger 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe develop a statistical model for the analysis and forecasting of football match results which assumes a bivariate Poisson distribution with intensity coefficients that change stochastically over time. The dynamic model is a novelty in the statistical time series analysis of match results in team sports. Our treatment is based on state space and importance sampling methods which are computationally efficient. The out-of-sample performance of our methodology is verified in a betting strategy that is applied to the match outcomes from the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 seasons of the English football Premier League. We show that our statistical modelling framework can produce a significant positive return over the bookmaker's odds.
Development of a High‐fidelity Experimental Substructure Test Rig for Grid‐scored Sandwich Panels in Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Laustsen S. , Lund E. , Kühlmeier L. , Thomsen O. T. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines high‐fidelity experimental substructure testing of sandwich panels which constitute the aerodynamic outer shell of modern wind turbine blades. A full‐scale structural experimental and numerical characterisation of a composite wind turbine blade has been conducted. The development of a full‐scale numerical model is detailed, and the necessary experimental set‐up is described. Further, the numerical and experimental results obtained are compared, and an idealised set of boundary conditions for a chosen blade substructure is presented. From this, the development of a test rig suitable for representing the established loading and boundary conditions is presented, and some preliminary experimental results are discussed. The work provides a road map for developing high‐fidelity experimental substructure tests, which in more generic terms are applicable to similar developments of substructure tests for composite wind turbine blades. Furthermore, recommendations on the use of grid‐scored sandwich structures in wind turbine blades are presented, which outline the sensitivity in terms of quasi‐static strength to the established loading conditions.
Three uncommon KEL alleles in one family with unusual Kell phenotypes explain a 35‐year old conundrum
Authors: Karamatic Crew V. , Poole J. , Burton N. , Daniels G. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundKell is a complex blood group system comprising 35 antigens. Kell antigens are absent from rare red cells of the Ko (null) phenotype and expressed only weakly in the Kmod phenotype. Molecular analysis of three uncommon KEL alleles elucidated the obscure pattern of inheritance of Kell antigens in one family.Materials and MethodsStandard serological methods were employed. All exons, flanking intronic sequence and introns 15 and 16 of KEL were sequenced from genomic DNA. cDNA was obtained from erythroid cells cultured from progenitor cells isolated from peripheral blood.ResultsThe Kmod propositus was heterozygous for two KEL mutations: c.2107G>A, p.Gly703Arg and a synonymous mutation, c.1719C>T, in the codon for p.573Gly. Sequencing of cDNA revealed that c.1719C>T caused skipping of exon 16, resulting in a silent allele. Her KEL:3,−4 brother was heterozygous for KEL*03/04 and c.1719C/T.ConclusionA synonymous mutation caused complete exon skipping, despite being located 16 bases downstream of the 3′ splice site, resulting in a null KEL allele. The combined effects of two mod alleles, one responsible for KEL3 expression and the other for p.Gly703Arg, were probably responsible for an unexpected KEL:3,−4 phenotype.
Study on the Core Cooling Scheme After Accident Shutdown of the Pebble-Bed Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Zheng Yanhua , Shi Lei , Chen Fubing 
Published: October 2013

One of the most important properties of the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor is that the decay heat in the core can be carried out solely by means of passive physical mechanism after shutdown due to accidents. The maximum fuel temperature is guaranteed not to exceed the design limitation, so as to the integrity of the fuel particles and the ability of retaining fission product will keep well. Nonetheless, the auxiliary active core cooling should be design to help removing the decay heat and keeping the reactor in an appropriate condition effectively and quickly in case of reactor scram due to any transient and the main helium blower or steam generator unusable.
Based on the preliminary design of the 250 MW pebble-bed modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor, assuming that the core cooling will be started up 1 hour after the scram, different core cooling schemes are studied in this paper. After the reactor shutdown, a certain degree of natural convection will come into being in the core due to the non-uniform temperature distribution, which will accordingly change the core temperature distribution and in turn influence the outlet hot helium temperature. Different cooling flow rates are also analyzed, and the important parameters, such as the fuel temperature, outlet hot helium temperature and the pressure vessel temperature, are studied in detail. A feasible core cooling scheme, as well as the reasonable design parameters could be determined based on the analysis. It is suggested that, considering the temperature limitation of the structure material, the coolant flow direction should be same as that of the normal operation, and the flow rate could not be too large.
Heat Sink Issue: A Specific Problematic Issue for NPP Implementation in Warm Countries With Extreme Climatic Conditions
Authors: Rodionov Andrei , Mattei Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2013

With the nuclear renaissance, many new countries start to consider nuclear energy as a reliable, sustainable energy source and initiated their own programs for a peaceful application.
One of the major issues during the site selection and design of a NPP is the heat sink issue, i.e. availability of reliable and efficient recipient of heat (air or water) in relation with:
• The waste heat removal from the condenser of turbine generator during normal operation of the NPP.
• The assurance of the nuclear fuel residual heat removal and safety important equipment cooling in abnormal and accidental situations.
There are several newcomer countries that have extreme climatic conditions in combination with a shallow sea and absence of an important reliable cold water source inside the country (groundwater, rivers, lakes, etc.). This requires particular consideration of the heat sink issue for the siting survey and design requirements.
The article discusses advantages and disadvantages of possible heat sink solutions, proposes site survey criteria and provides a list of safety and performance issues to be addressed throughout siting and design stages.
Mechanism of Upward Fuel Discharge During Core Disruptive Accident in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors
Authors: Matsuba Ken-ichi , Isozaki Mikio , Kamiyama Kenji , Tobita Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2013

The elimination of severe power excursion with significant mechanical-energy release during Core Disruptive Accidents (CDAs) is a key issue for the enhanced safety of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs). In order to prevent the formation of a large-scale molten fuel pool within a reactor core, which is one of factors leading to the severe power excursion during CDAs, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is studying the introduction of Fuel Assembly with Inner Duct Structure (FAIDUS). In the current reference design for FAIDUS, the top end of the inner duct is open whereas the bottom end of the inner duct is closed, and therefore it is expected that the molten fuel will be discharged from a reactor core towards an upper sodium plenum through the inner duct. The objective of the present study is to clarify the fundamental mechanism for upward fuel discharge through the inner duct structure in FAIDUS, and thereby to confirm the effectiveness of FAIDUS.
In the previous paper, the possibility of upward discharge of a high-density melt driven by coolant vapor was confirmed by visual observation in the JAEA’s out-of-pile experiment, in which molten Wood’s metal (density at the room temperature: 8700 kg/m3, melting point: 352 K) simulating the molten fuel was injected into a coolant channel (equivalent inner diameter: 30 mm, total height: 2 m, fluid content: water) simulating the inner duct structure. In this paper, the mechanism of upward discharge of a high-density melt driven by coolant vapor pressure and/or flow in this experiment is discussed in terms of the application to reactor conditions. Through this discussion, the following mechanisms were clarified.
1) Coolant vapor pressure is built up within the coolant channel after the melt injection. The magnitude of the pressure buildup becomes larger with increase of melt-enthalpy-injection rate which is defined by the product of melt-mass-injection rate into the coolant channel and melt specific enthalpy.
2) Following the pressure buildup, the melt is discharged upward being driven by the coolant vapor flow directing towards the top opening end of the coolant channel. The upward discharge mass rate becomes higher with the increase of the magnitude of the pressure buildup and therefore melt-enthalpy-injection rate.
From these experimental knowledge, it was suggested that the coolant pressure buildup could act as one of the driving force for the upward discharge of a high-density melt through the inner duct structure in FAIDUS under reactor conditions with higher melt-enthalpy-injection rate than the current experimental condition.