bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of wear characteristics of granite dust & coconut shell ash reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite using design of experiment
Authors: Mogal Yogesh K , Rane Santosh B , Mahajan Subhash K , Chaudhari Rajendra S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recently, one of the most important issue faced by all nations is a waste management. Therefore, it is essential to search for creative solutions to waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. This can be accomplished by adding waste materials to composite materials as a reinforcements. Reusing waste materials enhances the characteristics of existing materials, while also helping the environment by solving the disposal problem. The main aim of this paper is to study the wear characteristics of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA) and granite dust. The hybrid composite samples were manufactured using stir casting by reinforcing CSA (ranging from 0 wt% to 12 wt%) and granite dust (maintained at 2 wt%) in Al6061 alloy. SEM and EDAX analysis were performed to investigate the microstructure and elemental composition. The wear characteristics of the hybrid composites were determined via pin-on-disc tests. Finally, the Taguchi design of experiment was performed on the specimen having the best wear characteristics by selecting the L27 orthogonal array and identified the influence of process variables on the wear rate. The results of the pin-on-disc experiment showed that the wear rate decreased with increasing CSA%. The hybrid composite composed of 02 wt% granite dust, & 12 wt% CSA indicates a lower wear rate (56.25%) ﻿as compared to the ﻿matrix alloy. The Taguchi analysis prooved that the sliding distance has a greater impact on the wear rate than the other parameters. This material can be a superior substitute where high wear resistance is required.
Configurable dual-band inverted-E type phase shifter
Authors: Amin Faisal , Liu Yun , Zhao Yongjiu , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose dual-band phase shifters based on the Inverted-E topology, which can be configured for independent phase shift values at the two design frequencies. The simple structure comprises of a 50 Ω Main Transmission Line (MTL), whose electrical length is proportional to the frequency, loaded with three equally spaced open circuited stubs, which provide the required susceptance values at the two design frequencies. The required parameter values of the open circuited stubs are extracted using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). For validation, two prototype dual-band phase shifters with equal phase shifts of 45° and independent phase shifts of 45° and 90° at f
1 = 1 GHz and f
2 = 5.5 GHz are designed and developed. The measured results closely align with simulations, demonstrating that the proposed design achieves the required phase shifts at both frequencies with phase error less than 1° and insertion losses < 2 dB.
Introduction
Authors: Parmenter Christopher Stedman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe introduction to Racialized Commodities lays out the book’s basic argument. Beginning with a brief discussion of anatomical language in the Greek literature of the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, it asks: Why did ancient Athenians care so much about the precise physical appearance of literary figures? And why did they have such a developed vocabulary to express it? It argues that the writers of Classical Athens were channeling a much longer anatomical discourse that dates as far back as the early Archaic Period. This discourse was first developed and circulated by merchants who plied the distant regions of the Mediterranean, where they established long-lasting commercial relationships with local polities. These individuals mobilized images of fair-skinned Thracians, dark-skinned Ethiopians, and others in marketing of their goods back in their home cities. The proliferation of anatomical thinking in Archaic and Classical Greece should be seen as an early manifestation of race thinking.
From Ancestor to “Other”
Authors: Parmenter Christopher Stedman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe earliest images of African bodies in Greek art are found in the corpus of Greco-Egyptian faience. Chapter 3 unpacks traces a biography of physiognomic aegyptiaca from their production in the sixth century BCE to their reception in modern times. Early twentieth-century racist scholars sought to deploy aegyptiaca in a long history of white supremacy, seeing contemporary stereotypes of Blackness mirrored in ancient art. The opposite stance would be taken in the midcentury by the African American classicist Frank M. Snowden Jr., who saw in the aegyptiaca corpus realistic and respectful portraitures of Black people. The author argues that physiognomic aegyptiaca reflect an emerging, and distinctly historicized, vision of race in the mid-first millennium. Greek consumers of aegyptiaca, trained to conceive of Egyptians and their southern neighbors (“Ethiopians”) through the lens of commoditization, were increasingly prone to see African bodies as materially different from their own by the middle of the sixth century BCE.
Novel-Poetry
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Novel-Poetry examines the verse-novel, a hybrid genre that emerged in the middle decades of Britain’s nineteenth century, and makes a larger claim about both the nature of genre and formal structures for time, action, and identity that cross genres. The authors uncover trajectories of literary influence that have gone unseen because of how we have come to understand basic categories—such as lyric and narrative—that structure our approach to literature and affect how we shape our lives, lives which are often constrained by cause-and-effect, narrative-driven ways of approaching time and possibility. Novel-Poetry tracks an alternative way of thinking about time and event that was inspired by the French Revolution, popularized by Lord Byron, and explored by experimental Victorian poets, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Arthur Hugh Clough, and George Meredith. The authors turn to the work of philosophers Alain Badiou, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, and Slavoj Žižek to theorize this alternative mode, which they align with the “futur antérieur.” The temporality of the future anterior disrupts both the novel’s realist chronologies and the expressivist lyric’s cult of “the moment,” thus liberating possibilities for collective action. Ranging widely across romantic lyric poetry, Victorian novels, and both nineteenth-century and contemporary literary theory, Novel-Poetry asks, what alternative structures and temporalities does a focus on either realistic narrative or the lyric moment occlude? Are there ways of thinking about lived experience and personal or collective agency that do not conform to traditional models, ways that the verse-novel might help us to explore? What might be gained today from trying to think about ourselves and our world outside of established frameworks that are now so naturalized as to feel almost inescapable?
Introduction
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The introduction illustrates how we have come to adopt our current understanding of the lyric and narrative, which began to be formulated in the eighteenth century and would eventually be aligned with the opposition kairos vs. chronos, as theorized in Frank Kermode’s The Sense of an Ending. The role of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in imagining a realm of “high” culture for poetry is discussed and Frank Kermode’s argument is revisited. The introduction concludes by arguing that our current understanding of generic distinctions keeps us from making sense of cross-generic forms like the verse-novel or the ways that poetry and the novel were in dialogue with each other regarding time, action, and subjectivity.
The Problem of Form
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter asks how we should understand the relation of “verse” and “novel” in the designation “verse-novel”? The question raises larger issues about what is knowable and what can be designated in a set—for example, the set that constitutes “verse,” which we have tended to understand as distinct from the set that constitutes “novel.” We turn to Alain Badiou, Paul Cohen, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Wai Chee Dimock, and fractal geometry to offer a new theory of genre that we apply to the verse-novel in the chapters that follow. We distinguish this approach from other types of formalism, especially “strategic formalism,” which is proposed by Caroline Levine, and “surface reading,” which is theorized by Stephen Best and Sharon Marcus. We finish by distinguishing our understanding of the verse-novel from past approaches to the genre.
George Meredith and Knowledge
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we apply the sorites paradox to the difficulty of establishing generic distinctions. Our test case is George Meredith’s 1862 Modern Love, a verse-novel so far on the poetic side of the generic boundary between “verse” and “novel” as to make us imagine distinctions might be sharp. That is not so. As with the other verse-novels we examine, Modern Love highlights issues of form and legibility, and, like them, its prickly self-awareness promotes critical distance. Modern Love is engaged in the project of calculating distance and in exploring the shifts and costs of operating in a realm without stable boundaries. Meredith’s verse-novel ultimately illustrates how genre is not a transhistorical law but an ephemeral, performative act specific to the time of writing and reading.
Use of sensitivity analyses to assess uncontrolled confounding from unmeasured variables in observational, active comparator pharmacoepidemiologic studies: a systematic review
Authors: Latour Chase D , Delgado Megan , Su I-Hsuan , Wiener Catherine , Acheampong Clement O , Poole Charles , Edwards Jessie K , Quinto Kenneth , Stürmer Til , Lund Jennifer L , Li Jie , Lopez Nahleen , Concato John , Funk Michele Jonsson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding the potential for, and direction and magnitude of uncontrolled confounding is critical for generating informative real-world evidence. Many sensitivity analyses are available to assess robustness of study results to residual confounding, but it is unclear how researchers are using these methods. We conducted a systematic review of published active-comparator cohort studies of drugs or biologics to summarize use of sensitivity analyses aimed at assessing uncontrolled confounding from an unmeasured variable. We reviewed articles in 5 medical and 7 epidemiologic journals published between January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2022. We identified 158 active-comparator cohort studies: 76 from medical and 82 from epidemiologic journals. Residual, unmeasured, or uncontrolled confounding was noted as a potential concern in 93% of studies, but only 84 (53%) implemented at least 1 sensitivity analysis to assess uncontrolled confounding from an unmeasured variable. The most common analyses were E-values among medical journal articles (21%) and restriction on measured variables among epidemiologic journal articles (22%). Researchers must rigorously consider the role of residual confounding in their analyses and the best sensitivity analyses for assessing this potential bias.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Lowering reporting limit values for respirable crystalline silica analysis by X-ray diffraction in preparation of the 0.025 mg/m3 occupational exposure limit
Authors: Ichikawa Akemi , Corke Elisabeth , Moubarak Anne-Marie , Mazereeuw Martin , Volpato John , Weller Michael , Clemence Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Internationally, respirable crystalline silica (RCS) occupational exposure limits (OELs) are being reassessed and, in some jurisdictions, lowered, putting pressure on the capabilities of the analytical techniques used to achieve robust analyses and reliable detection limits. In preparation of a lower OEL, options for lowering the limit of detection (LoD) for RCS analysis have been assessed. Using a Direct-on-Filter X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis under reduced scan speeds in combination with low-noise RCS sampling filters, an LoD of 0.25 µg/filter and a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 0.82 µg/filter can be achieved. Both limits would translate in an LoD of 0.24 µg/m3 and LoQ of 0.78 µg/m3 when sampling respirable dust for 8 h at 2.2 L/min, providing a technical solution to monitor exposures at the proposed OEL of 0.025 mg/m3 (25 µg /m3) and below, with general sampling conditions as typically applied in Australia. This is the first report showing that the OEL of 0.025 mg/m3 (25 µg /m3) is measurable by one of the standardized, direct-on-filter XRD methods.
IL-32 regulates trophoblast invasion through miR-205-NFκB-MMP2/9 axis contributing to the pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Liu Jianbing , Li Wenlong , Wang Jinjuan , Bai Lina , Xu Jing , Chen Xihua , Wang Shufang , Li Li , Xu Xiangbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Interleukin-32 is a species-specific cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation, cancer, and other diseases; however, its role in reproductive and pregnancy-related diseases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-32 in reproductive and pregnancy-related diseases. Placental tissues from patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension, healthy pregnant women, and trophoblast lines were analysed. Interleukin-32 expression was quantified via polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and functional assays were performed after interleukin-32 modulation. Interleukin-32 was identified only in placental mammals, such as Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Chiroptera, Dermoptera, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla, and Primates via bioinformatics. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction revealed that interleukin-32 was highly expressed in human placental villi, poorly expressed in decidua and endometrial tissues, and was not detected in mouse tissues. Second, interleukin-32 upregulates miR-205 expression by increasing DROSHA expression, and miR-205 promotes interleukin-32 expression by targeting its promoter region. Interleukin-32 and miR-205 significantly enhanced the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells (a trophoblast cell line) and the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, the interleukin-32/miR-205 loop increased MMP2 and MMP9 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells via the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Finally, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, interleukin-32 and miR-205 expression levels were significantly lower in the placentas of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension than in women with normal pregnancies. In conclusion, interleukin-32 regulates trophoblast invasion through the miR-205-nuclear factor kappa B-MMP2/9 pathway, which is involved in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Improving prediction of linear regression models by integrating external information from heterogeneous populations: James–Stein estimators
Authors: Han Peisong , Li Haoyue , Park Sung Kyun , Mukherjee Bhramar , Taylor Jeremy M G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider the setting where (1) an internal study builds a linear regression model for prediction based on individual-level data, (2) some external studies have fitted similar linear regression models that use only subsets of the covariates and provide coefficient estimates for the reduced models without individual-level data, and (3) there is heterogeneity across these study populations. The goal is to integrate the external model summary information into fitting the internal model to improve prediction accuracy. We adapt the James–Stein shrinkage method to propose estimators that are no worse and are oftentimes better in the prediction mean squared error after information integration, regardless of the degree of study population heterogeneity. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to investigate the numerical performance of the proposed estimators. We also apply the method to enhance a prediction model for patella bone lead level in terms of blood lead level and other covariates by integrating summary information from published literature.
Downgrading Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories in ultrasound using strain elastography and computer-aided diagnosis system: a multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Du Yu , Ma Ji , Wu Tingting , Li Fang , Pan Jiazhen , Du Liwen , Zhang Manqi , Diao Xuehong , Wu Rong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether adding elastography strain ratio (SR) and a deep learning based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to breast ultrasound (US) can help reclassify Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3 and 4a-c categories and avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Methods
This prospective, multicentre study included 1049 masses (691 benign, 358 malignant) with assigned BI-RADS 3 and 4a-c between 2020 and 2022. CAD results was dichotomized possibly malignant vs. benign. All patients underwent SR and CAD examinations and histopathological findings were the standard of reference. Reduction of unnecessary biopsies (biopsies in benign lesions) and missed malignancies after reclassified (new BI-RADS 3) with SR and CAD were the outcome measures.

Results
Following the routine conventional breast US assessment, 48.6% (336 of 691 masses) underwent unnecessary biopsies. After reclassifying BI-RADS 4a masses (SR cut-off &lt;2.90, CAD dichotomized possibly benign), 25.62% (177 of 691 masses) underwent an unnecessary biopsies corresponding to a 50.14% (177 vs. 355) reduction of unnecessary biopsies. After reclassification, only 1.72% (9 of 523 masses) malignancies were missed in the new BI-RADS 3 group.

Conclusion
Adding SR and CAD to clinical practice may show an optimal performance in reclassifying BI-RADS 4a to 3 categories, and 50.14% masses would be benefit by keeping the rate of undetected malignancies with an acceptable value of 1.72%.

Advances in knowledge
Leveraging the potential of SR in conjunction with CAD holds immense promise in substantially reducing the biopsy frequency associated with BI-RADS 3 and 4A lesions, thereby conferring substantial advantages upon patients encompassed within this cohort.
Unravelling the origin of reward positivity: a human intracranial event-related brain potential study
Authors: Oerlemans Joyce , Alejandro Ricardo J , Van Roost Dirk , Boon Paul , De Herdt Veerle , Meurs Alfred , Holroyd Clay B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related brain potential component that emerges ∼250–350 ms after receiving reward-related feedback stimuli and is believed to be important for reinforcement learning and reward processing. Although numerous localization studies have indicated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the neural generator of this component, other studies have identified sources outside of the ACC, fuelling a debate about its origin. Because the results of EEG and magnetoencephalography source-localization studies are severely limited by the inverse problem, we addressed this question by leveraging the high spatial and temporal resolution of intracranial EEG. We predicted that we would identify a neural generator of rthe RewP in the caudal ACC.
We recorded intracranial EEG in 19 patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent invasive video-EEG monitoring at Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Participants engaged in the virtual T-maze task, a trial-and-error task known to elicit a canonical RewP, while scalp and intracranial EEG were recorded simultaneously. The RewP was identified using a difference wave approach for both scalp and intracranial EEG. The data were aggregated across participants to create a virtual ‘meta-participant’ that contained all the recorded intracranial event-related brain potentials with respect to their intracranial contact locations. We used both hypothesis-driven (focused on ACC) and exploratory (whole-brain analysis) approaches to segment the brain into regions of interest. For each region of interest, we evaluated the degree to which the time course of the absolute current density (ACD) activity mirrored the time course of the RewP, and we confirmed the statistical significance of the results using permutation analysis. The grand average waveform of the scalp data revealed a RewP at 309 ms after reward feedback with a frontocentral scalp distribution, consistent with the identification of this component as the RewP. The meta-participant contained intracranial event-related brain potentials recorded from 582 intracranial contacts in total. The ACD activity of the aggregated intracranial event-related brain potentials was most similar to the RewP in the left caudal ACC, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left frontomedial cortex and left white matter, with the highest score attributed to caudal ACC, as predicted.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to use intracranial EEG aggregated across multiple human epilepsy patients and current source density analysis to identify the neural generator(s) of the RewP. These results provide direct evidence that the ACC is a neural generator of the RewP.
Uncovering the (Possible) Relationship between Central Bank Independence and Economic Growth in the Context of Monetary Unions
Authors: Martins Luís Filipe , Clemente-Casinhas Luís , Ferreira-Lopes Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work estimates the relationship between Central Bank Independence (CBI) and economic growth in the context of monetary unions, using dynamic panel models. We use two measures of CBI: the Legal CBI index and the irregular turnover rate. When an irregular turnover of the Central Bank Governor occurs, it harms growth for countries outside monetary unions. On the contrary, the Legal CBI index is a positive factor for growth, although only regarding countries belonging to monetary unions. The limitations on lending to the government is the most important component of the Legal CBI, which explains this result. Additionally, we analyse sub-samples taking into account the level of income, the number of crises, the existence of quantitative easing policies, and different time windows. Interestingly, 1990–2013 was a harmful period for growth for the entire sample but benign for countries that belong to monetary unions. Moreover, when countries are in a crisis they benefit from being a member of a monetary union with an independent central bank. Results seem to point to the conclusion that Legal CBI in a monetary union has the potential to increase economic growth rates. (JEL codes: C23, E58, and O43)