bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Display Movement Velocity and Dynamic Visual Search Performance
Authors: Yu Rui‐feng , Chan Alan H. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn practice, many visual search tasks are performed under dynamic conditions. An experiment was conducted here to test visual search strategy adopted by a person in a dynamic visual search and to investigate the effects of display movement velocity on search time and detection accuracy in it. Thirty‐five participants were randomly tested with all 10 angular velocities of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 32 deg/s. The data obtained fitted the random search model well. The results revealed that observers utilized a random search strategy during the dynamic visual search process and that display movement velocity influenced search performance. In comparison with static visual search, an angular velocity faster than 4 deg/s resulted in a significant decrement in search performance. The variations of duration of individual fixations, the probability of target detection in a single fixation and visual lobe area were discussed. The obtained relationships between display movement velocity, search time and detection accuracy can serve as a useful guide for designing a dynamic search task, thus helping to maximize the cost‐effectiveness of dynamic search tasks while minimizing errors and misses during the search process.
Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term
Authors: Mikolić Anja , Piasek Martina , Sulimanec Grgec Antonija , Varnai Veda M. , Stasenko Sandra , Kralik Oguić Saša 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDiet is the main source of cadmium (Cd) exposure. Gastrointestinal absorption increases during pregnancy. Cadmium accumulated in the placenta may interfere with nutrient transport to the foetus. Data on the potential of Cd to act as a steroid disruptor of pregnancy are limited. We evaluated the effects of oral Cd exposure during pregnancy on placental function in micronutrient transfer to the foetus and steroidogenesis in Wistar rats (regular 4‐day cyclers) that mated with unexposed males. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to a Cd group exposed orally to 50 mg Cd l–1 (CdCl2xH2O dissolved in demineralized water), ≈7.5 mg Cd kg–1 a day, during 20 days of gestation and control (supplied with demineralized water). Non‐pregnant rats were treated under the same experimental conditions. On day 20, all of the rats were killed and samples were taken for element analyses (by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry). Progesterone and testosterone were measured in serum and placenta‐derived samples (by immunoenzymometric assay and/or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). In the exposed rats, Cd increased in blood and organs, more in pregnant rats, and in placenta and foetus whereas zinc increased in liver. Iron decreased in maternal organs and in foetus, whereas zinc decreased in maternal kidney and placenta. Liver copper was lower and kidney copper higher in all pregnant vs. non‐pregnant rats. Steroids in serum and placenta did not change. In conclusion, oral Cd exposure during rat pregnancy does not affect progesterone and testosterone at term. Transplacental iron and zinc handover are disrupted, which may put at risk the maintenance of foetal nutrition and viability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of graphene oxide on the structure and function of important multiple blood components by a dose‐dependent pattern
Authors: Feng Ru , Yu Yueping , Shen Chaoxuan , Jiao Yanpeng , Zhou Changren 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGraphene and its derivatives have become great concern in biomedical fields. Though many investigations about their toxicity have been reported, systematic investigation on the interaction with multiple blood components is lacking. In this work, we studied the effects of the graphene oxide (GO) on the structure and function of the blood components, especially, on morphology and hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen conformation, complement activation, and blood coagulation function. Scanning electron microscopy observation and hemolysis test results showed that the GO can affect RBC morphology and membrane integrity in a concentration‐dependent way. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra showed that GO could alter the secondary structures and conformation of BSA and fibrinogen. In addition, the presence of GO could also trigger complement activation by detecting their key biomarker molecules in plasma. In the blood clotting process, the GO showed significant adverse effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time but not on prothrombin time of the platelet‐poor plasma. Meanwhile, the GO also caused abnormal thromboelastography parameters of the whole blood coagulation. The results obtained in this study provides good insight into understanding the biomedical application of GO in vivo. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2006–2014, 2015.
Enhanced osseointegration of endosseous implants by predictable sustained release properties of strontium
Authors: Offermanns Vincent , Andersen Ole Zoffmann , Falkensammer Gottfried , Andersen Inge Hald , Almtoft Klaus Pagh , Sørensen Søren , Sillassen Michael , Jeppesen Christian Sloth , Rasse Michael , Foss Morten , Kloss Frank 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTStudies have shown that strontium (Sr) incorporated into surfaces may enhance osseointegration. Thus, we suggested that a sustained Sr release from implant surfaces could improve bone healing. This study verifies and further investigates the effect of a novel TiSrO functionalized implant surface prepared from a magnetron co‐sputtering platform with a continuous release of Sr.Materials and methodsFour experimental TiSrO groups, which differed from each other in Sr contents and pre‐wash procedures, were tested. Implants were prepared with a TiSrO coating by means of magnetron co‐sputtering and compared to Grade 4 titanium. Composition, morphology and mechanical stability were analyzed; Sr‐release data were gained from in vitro washout experiments. In vivo investigations were carried out in a rat model and analyzed histologically regarding bone‐to‐implant contact and new bone formation 30 days after implantation.ResultsStructural differences were detected between the two basis TiSrO coatings with 6.7 at.% and 8.9 at.% Sr, respectively. Different release profiles were observed with 8.9 at.% Sr coating exhibiting the highest long‐term release of Sr. Median values of new bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact was found to be 60.1% and 91.6%, respectively, for the best group compared to 16.6% and 70.6% for the Grade 4 titanium reference. The increase in new bone formation was found to correlate with the amount of Sr released in vitro.ConclusionThe results show that sputtered TiSrO coatings with sustained release of Sr may improve osseointegration, and could thus have impact on practical applications for medical implants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1099–1106, 2015.
Discrimination between washed Arabica, natural Arabica and Robusta coffees by using near infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose and electronic tongue analysis
Authors: Buratti Susanna , Sinelli Nicoletta , Bertone Elisa , Venturello Alberto , Casiraghi Ernestina , Geobaldo Francesco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a ‘holistic’ approach, using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and electronic devices (electronic nose and electronic tongue), as instrumental tools for the classification of different coffee varieties. Analyses were performed on green coffee, on ground roasted coffee and on coffee beverage. Principal component analysis was applied on spectral and sensory data to uncover correlations between samples and variables. After variable selection, linear discriminant analysis was used to classify the samples on the basis of the three coffee classes: Robusta, natural Arabica and washed Arabica.RESULTSLinear discriminant analysis demonstrates the practicability of this approach: the external test set validation performed with NIR data showed 100% of correctly classified samples. Moreover, a satisfying percentage of correct classification in cross‐validation was obtained for the electronic devices: the average values of correctly classified samples were 81.83% and 78.76% for electronic nose and electronic tongue, respectively.CONCLUSIONNIR spectroscopy was shown to be a very reliable and useful tool to classify coffee samples in a fast, clean and inexpensive way compared to classical analysis, while the electronic devices could assume the role of investigating techniques to depict the aroma and taste of coffee samples. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular strategies for detection and quantification of mycotoxin‐producing Fusarium species: a review
Authors: Gong Liang , Jiang Yueming , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFusarium contamination is considered a major agricultural problem, which could not only significantly reduce yield and quality of agricultural products, but produce mycotoxins that are virulence factors responsible for many diseases of humans and farm animals. One strategy to identify toxigenic Fusarium species is the use of modern molecular methods, which include the analysis of DNA target regions for differentiation of the Fusarium species, particularly the mycotoxin‐producing Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides and F. graminearum. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction assays are used to determine the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the toxins in order to facilitate a qualitative and quantitative detection of Fusarium‐producing mycotoxins. Also, it is worth mentioning that some factors that modulate the biosynthesis of mycotoxins are not only determined by their biosynthetic gene clusters, but also by environmental conditions. Therefore, all of the aforementioned factors which may affect the molecular diagnosis of mycotoxins will be reviewed and discussed in this paper. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Biobased vinyl levulinate as styrene replacement for unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Cousinet Sylvain , Ghadban Ali , Allaoua Imène , Lortie Frédéric , Portinha Daniel , Drockenmuller Eric , Pascault Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTVinyl levulinate (VL) is used as a biobased reactive diluent in styrene (St)‐free unsaturated polyester resins (UPR). The reactivity ratios for the radical copolymerization of VL with diethyl fumarate (DEF) are determined by the Jaacks method (rVL = 0.01 and rDEF = 0.81 at 60 °C in DMSO‐d6). The properties of UPRs having a stoichiometric ratio between unsaturated groups from the UPR and either St or VL are compared. Defect‐free, slightly yellow, transparent, and rigid thermosets are obtained after a mild curing cycle. Due to unfavorable reactivity ratios about 5.5 wt % of unpolymerized VL remains inside the network and acts as plasticizer. Consequently, compared with St‐based ones, VL‐based UPRs exhibit lower α relaxation (Tα = 180 and 100 °C, respectively), lower elastic moduli at the rubbery plateau (G′ = 108 and 107 Pa) and lower mechanical properties as measured by three points bending tests. Strain at break (εf = 1.8 ± 0.2%) and Charpy impact strength (∼2.7 ± 0.3 kJ m−2) are comparable independently of the RD chemical nature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3356–3364
Aggregation of polythiophene homopolymer and block copolymer in solution utilizing the characteristics of pyridine at the side chain
Authors: Takagi Koji , Kawagita Eiki , Kouchi Ryo , Kawai Junpei 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPoly[3‐(5′‐hexylpyridine‐2′‐yl)thiophene] (P3PT) (Mn = 13900, H‐T content = 90%) was prepared by the regioselective Grignard metathesis reaction and the subsequent Kumada coupling polymerization. Likewise, poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly[3‐(5′‐hexylpyridine‐2′‐yl)thiophene] (P3HT‐b‐P3PT) (Mn = 17,300) was synthesized in the one‐pot and successive monomer addition protocol, in which the segment ratio was calculated to be 56 (P3HT)/44 (P3PT) base on the 1H NMR spectrum. The absorption and emission spectra of homopolymer P3PT(H), obtained by the protonation of the pyridine nitrogen, in THF/cyclohexane shifted to the longer wavelength as compared with those collected in THF, suggesting the aggregation in poor solvent. The aggregation of P3PT induced by the addition of Sc(OTf)3 could be controlled by the molar ratio of pyridine and scandium complex. The protonated block copolymer P3HT‐b‐P3PT(H) was also subjected to the aggregate formation. The absorption maximum in THF/CH3OH showed a bathochromic shift and the fluorescence emission was almost quenched. From the 1H NMR spectra and DLS measurements, P3HT‐b‐P3PT(H) forms nanometer scale aggregates particularly with the insolubility and stacking of non‐ionic P3HT in alcohol as the driving force. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3383–3389
Energy and Force Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Linear Friction Welds for Computational Modeling Input and Validation Data
Authors: McAndrew Anthony R. , Colegrove Paul A. , Addison Adrian C. , Flipo Bertrand C. D. , Russell Michael J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The linear friction welding (LFW) process is finding increasing use as a manufacturing technology for the production of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V aerospace components. Computational models give an insight into the process, however, there is limited experimental data that can be used for either modeling inputs or validation. To address this problem, a design of experiments approach was used to investigate the influence of the LFW process inputs on various outputs for experimental Ti-6Al-4V welds. The finite element analysis software DEFORM was also used in conjunction with the experimental findings to investigate the heating of the workpieces. Key findings showed that the average interface force and coefficient of friction during each phase of the process were insensitive to the rubbing velocity; the coefficient of friction was not coulombic and varied between 0.3 and 1.3 depending on the process conditions; and the interface of the workpieces reached a temperature of approximately approximately 1273 K (1000 °C) at the end of phase 1. This work has enabled a greater insight into the underlying process physics and will aid future modeling investigations.
Glutamine deprivation stimulates mTOR-JNK-dependent chemokine secretion
Authors: Shanware Naval P. , Bray Kevin , Eng Christina H. , Wang Fang , Follettie Maximillian , Myers Jeremy , Fantin Valeria R. , Abraham Robert T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe non-essential amino acid, glutamine, exerts pleiotropic effects on cell metabolism, signalling and stress resistance. Here we demonstrate that short-term glutamine restriction triggers an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that leads to production of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8). Glutamine deprivation-induced ER stress triggers colocalization of autophagosomes, lysosomes and the Golgi into a subcellular structure whose integrity is essential for IL-8 secretion. The stimulatory effect of glutamine restriction on IL-8 production is attributable to depletion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. The protein kinase, mTOR, is also colocalized with the lysosomal membrane clusters induced by glutamine deprivation, and inhibition of mTORC1 activity abolishes both endomembrane reorganization and IL-8 secretion. Activated mTORC1 elicits IL8 gene expression via the activation of an IRE1-JNK signalling cascade. Treatment of cells with a glutaminase inhibitor phenocopies glutamine restriction, suggesting that these results will be relevant to the clinical development of glutamine metabolism inhibitors as anticancer agents.
Stimmprofile zur Normalstimme auf der Grundlage akustischer und elektroglottografischer Analysen
Authors: Pützer M. , Wokurek W. 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Dimensionierung normalstimmlicher Phonation. Es wird allgemein akzeptiert, dass diese Dimensionierung mit einer großen Bandbreite einhergeht.
Material und Methoden: Unter komplementärer Verwendung akustischer und elektroglottografischer Analysemethoden zur Parametrisierung von Stimmqualität werden gehaltene Vokalproduktionen von 267 männlichen und 267 weiblichen Sprechern analysiert. Clusterverfahren ­dienen auf der Grundlage dieser Analyseergebnisse zur Definition geschlechtsspezifischer ­Subgruppen.
Ergebnisse: Zunächst werden für beide Geschlechter getrennt sowohl auf der Basis der elektroglottografischen als auch der akustischen Analyse 3 stabile Subgruppen geliefert. Diese Subgruppendefinition ermöglicht darüber ­hinaus durch eine Kombination der Parametermittelwerte beider Analyseverfahren die Darstellung von Stimmprofilen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die präsentierten Stimmprofile sollen als Referenzstimmprofile eine solidere Basis zur Klassifikation verschiedener normalstimmlicher und pathologischer Phonationstypen liefern und darüber hinaus dazu dienen, Veränderungen des individuellen Phonationsverhaltens aufgrund von therapeutischen Ansätzen oder spontaner Genesung evaluieren zu können.
Stellenwert der Feinnadelaspirationszytologie und Stanzbiopsie im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Thierauf J. , Lindemann J. , Bommer M. , Veit J. , Hoffmann T. 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Mit der Feinnadelaspirationszytologie (FNAC) und der Stanzbiopsie (auch: Grobnadelpunktion, GNP) existieren 2 wenig invasive Methoden zur Dignitätsklärung von klinisch oder bildgebungstechnisch auffälligen Veränderungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Zum Vergleich beider Techniken liegen bisher wenige Daten vor. Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie ist es, den diagnostischen Stellenwert sowie die Sensitivität und Spezifität der FNAC und der Stanzbiopsie zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden: Im definierten Zeitraum wurde bei 86 Patienten eine Stanzbiopsie und bei 408 Patienten eine FNAC durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse aus FNAC oder Stanz­biopsie wurden 52 Patienten der Stanzbiopsie-Gruppe und 224 Patienten der FNAC-Gruppe anschließend operiert, sodass die Ergebnisse mit der endgültigen Histopathologie verglichen werden konnten.
Ergebnisse: Die Sensitivität der FNAC lag mit 85% höher als die der Stanzbiopsie (80%), die Spezifität (87 vs. 94%) und der positiv prädiktive Wert (64 vs. 97%) waren geringer. Überlegen war die FNAC beim negativ prädiktiven (92 vs. 71%) und dem falsch-negativen Wert (5 vs. 13%). Bei der Berechnung des falsch-positiven Wertes schnitt die Stanzbiopsie besser ab (2 vs. 15%).
Schlussfolgerungen: Beide Methoden sind gut geeignet, die Dignität von Raumforderungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich zu klären. Die FNAC eignet sich besonders zur Diagnostik von hämatologischen Erkrankungen und zum Ausschluss von Malignomen bei suspekten Lymphknoten. Die Stanzbiopsie hat sich als besonders valide bei der Erkennung von Rezidiven in bereits bestrahltem oder operiertem Gewebe erwiesen. Zudem hat sie den Vorteil einer Histologiegewinnung zur definitiven Therapieplanung.
Structural and energetic determinants of adhesive binding specificity in type I cadherins
Authors: Vendome Jeremie , Felsovalyi Klara , Song Hang , Yang Zhongyu , Jin Xiangshu , Brasch Julia , Harrison Oliver J. , Ahlsen Goran , Bahna Fabiana , Kaczynska Anna , Katsamba Phinikoula S. , Edmond Darwin , Hubbell Wayne L. , Shapiro Lawrence , Honig Barry 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Type I cadherins comprise a family of cell–cell adhesion proteins that dimerize in a highly specific fashion. There are small differences in dimerization affinities among family members that are evolutionarily conserved and that have profound effects on cell-patterning behavior. There are few examples where the molecular origins of small affinity differences between closely related proteins have been explored in depth. We have brought an unusually broad range of technologies to bear on the problem in a unique integrated approach. Our results reveal how a subtle combination of physical interactions combine to tune binding affinities and, in the course of our analysis, we discover a new conformational entropy-based mechanism that can also be exploited by other multidomain proteins.
The Research Data Alliance: globally co‐ordinated action against barriers to data publishing and sharing
Authors: TRELOAR Andrew 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the drivers behind the formation of the Research Data Alliance (RDA), its current state, the lessons learned from its first full year of operation, and its anticipated impact on data publishing and sharing. One of the pressing challenges in data infrastructure (taken here to include issues relating to hardware, software and content format, as well as human actors) is how best to enable data interoperability across boundaries. This is particularly critical as the world deals with bigger and more complex problems that require data and insights from a range of disciplines. The RDA has been set up to enable more data to be shared across barriers to address these challenges. It does this through focused Working Groups and Interest Groups, formed of experts from around the world, and drawing from the academic, industry, and government sectors.
A Randomized Control Trial of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl versus Fentanyl-only for Epidural Analgesia during the Second Stage of Labor
Authors: Craig Margaret G. , Grant Erica N. , Tao Weike , McIntire Donald D. , Leveno Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, parallel-arm, randomized trial was to examine the effects of epidural bupivacaine on the length of the second stage of labor in nulliparous women.

Methods:
The authors assessed length of second-stage labor, degree of motor blockade, mode of delivery, and visual analog scores in 310 nulliparous women with labor epidurals randomized to receive either: (1) 0.125% bupivacaine and fentanyl 2 μg/ml or (2) fentanyl 10 μg/ml alone via epidural using double blinding.

Results:
The median duration of the second stage was 75 min (41, 128) in the bupivacaine/fentanyl group versus 73 min (42, 120) in the fentanyl-only group (P = 0.17) with a median difference of 6.0 (95% CI, −6.0 to 18.0). Furthermore, there was no difference in degree of motor blockade, incidence of operative delivery, visual analog scores, or neonatal outcomes between the two groups. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:
Use of epidural bupivacaine/fentanyl or a fentanyl-only infusion during the second stage of labor did not affect the duration of the second stage of labor, degree of motor blockade, mode of delivery, pain relief, and maternal or neonatal outcomes. However, in the fentanyl-only infusion group, there was a fivefold increase in opioid exposure to the fetus with unknown effects on neurobehavior, an outcome not assessed beyond the immediate postnatal period in this study.