bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological examination and phylogenetic position of two newly recorded freshwater Cryptomonas species (Cryptophyceae) from China
Authors: XIA Shuang , LIU Guo‐Xiang , HU Zheng‐Yu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo freshwater cryptomonads, Cryptomonas obovata Skuja and Cryptomonas curvata Ehrenberg, are reported for the first time in China. Identification was based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Cryptomonas obovata was characterized by its obovoid cell shape, lobed cell subapex, and a large number of starch grains. Cryptomonas curvata was characterized by its sigmoid cell shape, rostrate cell apex, and numerous pyrenoids. Nuclear and nucleomorph small subunit rDNA phylogenetic analyses revealed Cryptomonas curvata collected from China was very similar to C. curvata strains cultivated in Germany, and the closest relative of C. obovata was found to be C. pyrenoidifera Geitler. Controversially, some quite morphologically different members of the genus Cryptomonas Ehrenberg were clustered into the same group in phylogeny analyses, which emphasized the complexity of the genus Cryptomonas.
In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of austocystin D liposomes
Authors: Li Shuo , Hu Jie , Zhang Linan , Zhang Li , Sun Yongjun , Xie Yinghua , Wu Shaomei , Liu Lei , Gao Zibin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose this study is to enhance the anti-tumour activity of austocystin D (AD) by AD-loaded liposomes (AD-Ls).

Methods
AD-Ls were prepared by the film dispersion–ultrasonication method and characterized in terms of particle size and zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro drug release. In vivo, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and anti-tumour effect were also compared with those of the solution.

Key findings
The obtained liposomes were a mildly translucent suspension, with a particle size of 71.26 ± 6.43 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.259 ± 0.017 and a zeta potential of −9.9 ± 1.8 mV. Transmission electron microscope examination showed that the liposomes had a spherical shape and a multilayer structure. The encapsulation efficiency ofAD-Ls was 83.74 ± 1.26%. AD was continuously released from liposomes up to 72 h in in-vitro experiments. The growth of HT-29 tumours in animal models was controlled more effectively by AD-LS than by AD solution. Pharmacokinetic study showed that AD-Ls had higher t½β and mean retention time. Biodistribution results in tumour-bearing mice showed that the AD-LS could target to liver and tumour.

Conclusions
This study indicates that AD-Ls are a potential carrier of AD for the treatment of tumours in the liver, increasing the cure efficiency and decreasing the side effects on other tissues.
N′-Formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide as a potential anti-tumour agent for prostate cancer in experimental studies
Authors: Rodrigues Juan R , Charris Jaime , Camacho José , Barazarte Arthur , Gamboa Neira , Nitzsche Bianca , Höpfner Michael , Lein Michael , Jung Klaus , Abramjuk Claudia 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Benzothiazoles (BZTs) represent organic compounds with different biological actions. In this study we aimed to investigate ten newly synthesized BZT derivatives as potential anti-tumour agents against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
The cytotoxic effect of these compounds was screened on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. The most effective compound, N′-formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide, was further characterized regarding its dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability and proliferation (XTT test) as well as on adhesion and spreading (real-time cell analyzer xCelligence), migration (scratch-wound repair assay) and invasion (Boyden chamber) of the cells. This BZT derivative was also tested as an inhibitor of angiogenesis (chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay), clonogenic activity (soft agar) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatin zymography).

Key findings
N′-Formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide significantly inhibited all tested properties of the prostate cancer cell lines and showed low toxic in vitro and in vivo effects. The in vitro anti-tumour activity of this compound was confirmed by the in vivo effects on PC-3 xenografts in nude mice. Tumour growth was decreased in treated compared with untreated mice.

Conclusions
These results suggest the potential capacity of BZTs and in particular N′-formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide as anti-tumour agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Dramatic increase in hepatic and biliary curcumin exposure by modulation of its elimination pathway in rats
Authors: Lee Joo Hyun , Kim Han Gyul , Oh Ju-Hee , Lee Young-Joo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Curcumin, a major component of the food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has multiple beneficial effects on diseases of the liver and bile duct. We have investigated whether modulation of the curcumin elimination pathway could increase its hepatic and biliary exposure in rats.

Methods
Probenecid, an inhibitor of the metabolism and biliary excretion of curcumin, was used as a modulator. After intravenous administration of curcumin at a dose of 18 mg/kg/h without (control) or with co-infusion of probenecid (230 mg/kg/h) in rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin were estimated.

Key findings
Coadministration of probenecid significantly increased the total area under the plasma (1.88-fold) and bile (6.73-fold) concentration–time curves from 0 to 80 min of curcumin relative to those in the controls. The tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio in the liver was also dramatically increased (69.3-fold) by probenecid. These results may be attributed to the dual inhibitory effects of probenecid, to a greater extent, on metabolism via glucuronidation, and to a lesser extent, on the biliary excretion of curcumin via the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2.

Conclusions
The probenecid-mediated increase in hepatic and biliary exposure of curcumin suggested that the use of combination drug regimens involving curcumin and modulators of elimination may be an innovative approach for the therapeutic use of curcumin.
The intraprofessional and interprofessional relations of neurorehabilitation nurses: a negotiated order perspective
Authors: Miller Karen‐Lee , Kontos Pia C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo report a study of the negotiation practices of neurorehabilitation nurses with one another and with allied health professionals to understand nursing relations.BackgroundNegotiated order theory offers a promising theoretical lens with which to explore negotiation between nurses and other professionals. This study is the first to apply the perspective to nurse–nurse and nurse–allied health professional relations.DesignThe study is a secondary analysis of findings from a multi‐site arts‐based intervention to improve patient‐centred neurorehabilitation practice.MethodsInterviews and ethnographic observations were conducted (2008–2011) in two neurorehabilitation units in Ontario, Canada. Participants (n = 31) included registered and practical nurses, nurse leaders, and allied health professionals from physical, occupational, and recreational therapy, speech language pathology, and social work.FindingsNeurorehabilitation nursing is characterized by heavy workload, high patient acuity, and poor interprofessional collaboration. This practice context was negotiated by nurses through two strategies: (1) intraprofessional collegialism, accomplished through tactics including task and knowledge sharing, emotional support, coercive threats, and suppression of dissension; and (2) vying for an autonomous essential nursing role in interprofessional practice, accomplished by claiming unique nursing knowledge based on 24/7 nursing proximity, the expansion of the division of professional labour with allied health professionals and modifying physical therapy care plans.ConclusionThe intraprofessional context and negotiations therein were linked in significant ways to interprofessional negotiations. Understanding this complexity has important implications for improving patient safety and interprofessional practice interventions.
Hazardous alcohol‐drinking problems among a Chinese hospital patient population
Authors: Tsai Yun‐Fang , Lin Yea‐Pyng , Tsai Mei‐Chu , Weng Chih‐Erh , Chen Ching‐Yen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to explore: (1) the prevalence and predictors for hazardous alcohol‐drinking problems; and (2) previous assessments and interventions for alcohol‐drinking problems in hospitalized Chinese patients.BackgroundAlcohol is legally accessible and widely used in Taiwan, but few studies have addressed alcohol‐drinking problems in hospital settings.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.MethodSelf‐report data were collected in 2009 from 484 patients at five randomly selected general teaching hospitals.FindingsThe prevalence of hazardous alcohol‐drinking problems was 19·2%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that predictors for hazardous drinking problems were being male, smoking, and chewing betel quid. Only 29·1% of participants had been assessed for drinking problems in the past year. Only 38·7% of participants with drinking problems had received a drinking intervention in the past year.ConclusionThese findings suggest that alcohol problems in Taiwanese general teaching hospitals are insufficiently assessed and targeted with interventions. Targeting high‐risk groups in general teaching hospitals is important to prevent patients' drinking problems.
The uncertainty of Late Pleistocene range expansions in the western Mediterranean: a case study of the colonization of south‐eastern Spain by the spur‐thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca
Authors: Graciá Eva , Giménez Andrés , Anadón José Daniel , Harris D. James , Fritz Uwe , Botella Francisco 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimRecent biogeographical studies have postulated a North African, Late Pleistocene, origin for some species of the Iberian Peninsula. However, a robust assessment of such range expansions requires high‐resolution molecular tools to resolve overlapping biogeographical and cultural processes. Here we aim to determine whether the spur‐thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca, arrived in south‐eastern Spain during historical or prehistoric times, and whether its dispersal to the Iberian Peninsula was human‐mediated.LocationThe western Mediterranean Basin (south‐eastern Spain, northern Algeria and north‐western Morocco).MethodsUsing 428 samples from 19 sites in North Africa and 18 in south‐eastern Spain, we obtained mitochondrial sequences from the cytochrome b gene and genotypes derived from seven microsatellite loci. These data were employed to obtain population genetics descriptors, haplotype networks, Bayesian cluster analyses and isolation‐by‐distance patterns. Moreover, we used a Bayesian demographic approach to delimit the dates involved in the range expansion.ResultsWe found lower levels of genetic variability and weak mitochondrial differentiation in the south‐eastern Spanish tortoises compared with the North African ones. However, exclusive haplotypes occurred in the Iberian samples and microsatellite cluster analyses revealed moderate levels of admixture across both sides of the Mediterranean. A coastal area in the west of Algeria and the central‐southern region in south‐eastern Spain are suggested as the most probable founder and arrival places, respectively. Finally, we identified signatures of an ancient bottleneck event approximately 20,000–30,000 years ago.Main conclusionsThe spur‐thighed tortoise probably arrived in south‐eastern Spain during Late Pleistocene sea‐level low stands. The role that humans may have played as dispersers across the Mediterranean remains unclear. Our results are in accordance with other recent findings of trans‐Mediterranean expansions during this period and highlight the importance of employing precise methodological approaches before a species can be considered as historically introduced.
Living in Parallel Universes? Implementing European Movable Cultural Heritage Policy in Bulgaria
Authors: Dimitrova Antoaneta , Steunenberg Bernard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article proposes an analytical model of implementation that is used to examine the implementation of the European Union's cultural heritage policy in Bulgaria. It begins by outlining a rational choice framework conceptualizing implementation as a three‐stage game with key roles for an enforcer, domestic policy‐makers and implementing actors. This model is then applied to the case of transposition and implementation of the EU rules regarding cultural heritage in Bulgaria. Different implementation outcomes stemming from one and the same formal policy are found. To explain the variation of implementation outcomes, the theorized model is applied and it is found that, given the high levels of polarization between political decision‐makers, the implementing actors have broad discretion to apply different informal policies. The analysis of implementation also shows that under these conditions implementing players have followed their normative orientations to apply different policies as if they live in parallel universes of implementation.
Abutment Emergence Modification for Immediate Implant Provisional Restorations
Authors: Schoenbaum Todd R. , Chang Yi‐Yuan , Klokkevold Perry R. , Snowden John S. 
Published: November 2012

In their stock form, some titanium provisional implant abutments are not ideally designed for use in immediate placement/immediate provisional restoration treatment. This is largely due to the apical flare design that applies excessive pressure to the peri‐implant soft tissue complex and crestal bone. This appears to have the undesirable effect of increasing peri‐implant bone resorption and severely impeding the potential for increases in gingival volume. This type of stock titanium abutment will therefore benefit significantly from recontouring. The subgingival portion of the abutment is recontoured from the flared stock shape to a straight or parallel design. This modification minimizes pressure on the surgical site and provides additional space around the subgingival portion of the provisional restoration, within which the gingiva has the potential to remodel and fill. This allows the potential formation of additional peri‐implant gingival volume and a coronal maintenance or migration of the soft tissue complex. In order to minimize the “graying effect” of titanium abutments, the retentive portion is opaqued by the technician or clinician. These modifications will improve the potential outcomes for both the peri‐implant gingiva and the provisional restoration.Clinical SignificanceNarrowing the emergence profile of implant abutments for use in immediate implant provisional restorations appears to allow for creation of greater peri‐implant volume. Thus resulting in increased esthetic potential and predictability of the peri‐implant gingiva.
TGF‐β1, Smad‐2/‐3, Smad‐1/‐5/‐8, and Smad‐4 signaling factors are expressed in ameloblastomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Karathanasi Vasiliki , Tosios Konstantinos I. , Nikitakis Nikolaos G. , Piperi Evangelia , Koutlas Ioannis , Trimis George , Sklavounou Alexandra 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThe TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular functions, including tooth development, and is involved in numerous pathological processes such as tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway members in ameloblastoma (AM), calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT).Materials and methodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included 65 tissue specimens: 34 AMs, 13 CCOTs, and 18 AOTs. Serial sections were immunohistochemically stained with TGF‐β1, Smad‐4, Smad‐1/‐5/‐8, and Smad‐2/‐3 antibodies, and a semiquantitative measurement of the positive cells was carried out by two oral pathologists using a 0–3 scale (0: no immunoreactivity, 1: <20% positive cells, 2: 20–50% positive cells, 3: >50% positive cells).ResultsAll biomarkers studied were found significantly decreased in AM compared to CCOT and AOT. AOT and CCOT expressed Smad‐1/‐5/‐8 more strongly compared to AM (OR = 11.66, P < 0.001 and OR = 5.34, P = 0.013, respectively), and Smad‐2/‐3 immunostaining was found significantly increased in CCOT (OR = 10.42, P = 0.001) and AOT (OR = 5.16, P < 0.004) compared to AM. Similarly, Smad‐4 was expressed more strongly in AOT and CCOT compared to AM (P = 0.001), while AOT demonstrated a fivefold higher chance to express TGF‐β1 compared to AM (P = 0.011).ConclusionTGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway is activated in AM, AOT, and CCOT. The statistically significant reduced TGF‐β1/Smad immunoexpression in AM compared to AOT/CCOT could be associated with the more aggressive biological behavior of AM including increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis and differentiation. Thus, the biomarkers TGF‐β, Smad‐4, Smad‐1/‐5/‐8, and Smad‐2/‐3 could serve as supplementary diagnostic indices between odontogenic tumors of high and low neoplastic dynamics.
Productive Ward initiative promotes better communication between mental health teams and ensures timely discharge for patients
Authors: Lennard C. 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary
This paper discusses how an acute inpatient unit has implemented the ‘Productive Ward’ initiative, and utilized three of the Productive Ward Modules – Ward Round, Admissions and Planned Discharge, and Patient Status At a Glance – to promote better communication and working between inpatient nursing and medical teams, Home Treatment Team and Community Mental Health Team (CMHT), as they endeavour to ensure timely discharge for patients.
Using the Patient Status At a Glance board to make information on patient status clear and immediate, nursing staff have begun utilizing the Zoning system for managing and targeting nursing resources – a red, amber and green traffic light system, which identifies and categorizes patient risk on a daily basis.
Ward staff have initiated a daily ‘Rapid Review’ of patients, a tightly focused meeting, involving the ward nursing staff, the Inpatient Medical Team, the Home Treatment Team and the CMHT to discuss allocation of Care Co‐ordinators, and to identify accommodation issues and other potential blocks to timely discharge.
AbstractThe Productive Ward is an initiative whereby nursing staff are empowered to bring about changes in the workplace to streamline systems and release time to care for patients. It is an evidence‐based approach, which brings about improved clinical and safety outcomes. This paper discusses how three of the Productive Ward Modules – Ward Round, Admissions and Planned Discharge, and Patient Status At a Glance – have meshed to promote better communication and working between inpatient nursing and medical teams, Home Treatment Team and Community Mental Health Team, and to endeavour to ensure timely discharge for patients.
Uptake of methylnaltrexone in Australian patients with opioid-induced constipation: a review of the number of prescriptions presented in the first 12 months of subsidisation
Authors: Clark Katherine , Rowett Debra , Robinson Maxine , Currow David C 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundDisturbed bowel habits are very common in palliative care patients, most commonly thought to be due to opioid use. The peripheral opioid-antagonist methylnaltrexone has been subsidised in Australia to ensure that palliative care patients have timely and equitable access to this medication. The aim of this paper is to describe the use of methylnaltrexone in the first year after it was subsidised for palliative care, in particular focusing on the actual use of this medication compared with predicted need.MethodsThe predicted need for methylnaltrexone was calculated using an epidemiological approach based on data collected by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare to determine the number of Australian deaths annually. A single source of data was used to determine the number of patients who die while under the care of palliative services in Australia (National Census of Palliative Care Services, 1999). These figures allowed the number of people likely to be receiving opioids to be estimated and therefore the number who could potentially benefit from methylnaltrexone.ResultsThe number of patients who might benefit was calculated to be 5000, which contrasts with the 261 actual prescriptions written for methylnaltrexone. Even more striking was the disparity between initial prescriptions and the 93 requests for ongoing use.ConclusionsThese data highlight much lower use of methylnaltrexone than predicted and raise a number of questions including the fact that the palliative care literature emphasises opioids as the dominant cause of constipation in palliative care patients given little ongoing use of methylnaltrexone.
The application of predictive geochemical modelling to determine backfill requirements at Turquoise Ridge Joint Venture, Nevada
Authors: Warrender Ruth , Bowell Rob , Prestia Amy , Barnes Andrew , Mansanares Wayne , Miller Mark 
Published: November 2012

Predictive geochemical modelling has been carried out for the Turquoise Ridge and Valmy pits, Getchell gold mine, Nevada (USA) as part of an updated evaluation of waste rock management. The purpose of the modelling exercise was to predict the concentrations of solutes that may emanate from the waste rock backfilled pits and to assess the impact of any seepage from the pits on underlying groundwater chemistry. The results of the geochemical modelling will be used to assess the level of cover required for the backfilled pits in order to ensure that no degradation of groundwater occurs.
The assessment of geochemical reactivity was undertaken using laboratory column leaching utilizing alternating wet and dry cycles to simulate accelerated weathering in humidity cell tests (HCTs). The chemistry of the leaching solutions was used to develop source term solutions that were scaled from laboratory to field conditions and used as inputs for the geochemical models.
Geochemical modelling was carried out using the USGS-developed software PHREEQC. Seepage water quality predictions were made based on the mass load mixing of waters contacting different lithologies in each of the backfilled pits. Water quality predictions were then made for a number of seepage scenarios, including 1%, 5%, 10%, 50% and 100% of mean annual precipitation that will infiltrate the backfill and report as seepage to groundwater.
The results of the modelling exercise demonstrate that the impact of the pits on the underlying groundwater is largely dependent on the amount of seepage through the backfill. In general, significant changes in groundwater chemistry were noted when there was greater than 10% seepage from both the Turquoise Ridge and Valmy pits. Under the 100% seepage scenario, groundwater is likely to be characterised by elevated concentrations of arsenic, selenium, sulphate and manganese. However, the impact to groundwater will be negligible if less than 10% seepage occurs. This can be attained through placement of a thick alluvium cover on the backfill material and re-contouring of the area to natural topography.