bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of application of artificial neural network for numerical modeling in civil engineering
Authors: Lefik M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In order to obtain reliable results of computations in civil engineering, the numerical procedures that are used at the stage of design should be calibrated by comparison of the theoretical results with an observed behavior of previously modeled and then executed structures. The hybrid Finite Element code with an Artificial Neural Network inserted as a representation of a constitutive law, offers a possibility to adjust not only parameters of the constitutive relationships but also its qualitative form. Because of this, the representation of constitutive law by the ANN is presented in this paper. The constitutive data should be calibrated to fit well the observable values, measured in experiments. If the constitutive law is expressed by ANN, the inverse problem can be reduce to a training of the ANN inserted into the Finite Element code. An example of a solution of the inverse problem in calibration of constitutive law is presented. An identification of parameters of flow of pollutant in soils is described as another example of application of ANN in engineering
Modelling of hydro-thermo-chemo-mechanical phenomena in building materials
Authors: Gawin D. , Koniorczyk M. , Pesavento F. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A general approach to modelling chemical degradation processes in building materials, due to combined action of variable hydrothermal, chemical and mechanical loads, is presented. Mechanics of multiphase porous media and damage mechanics are applied for this purpose, and kinetics of degradation processes is described with evolution equations based on thermodynamics of chemical reactions. The mass-, energy - and momentum balances, as well as the evolution equations, constitutive and physical relations are briefly summarized. Then, the model governing equations are numerically solved with the finite element method. Three examples of the model application for analyzing degradation processes of building materials are presented and discussed. The first one deals with capillary suction of the salt solution by two different building materials, the second one with the salt crystallization during drying of a brick wall, and the third one concerns calcium leaching from a concrete wall due to the chemical attack of pure water under pressure gradient at two different temperatures
Computational modelling of concrete behaviour under static and dynamic conditions
Authors: Marzec I. , Tejchman J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper presents results of FE simulations of the concrete behaviour under quasi-static and dynamic loading. For quasi-static cyclic analyses, an enhanced coupled elasto-plastic-damage constitutive model has been used. To take the effect of the loading velocity into account, viscous and inertial terms have been also included. To ensure the mesh-independence and to properly reproduce strain localization in the entire range of strain rates, a constitutive formulation has been enhanced by a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local theory. Numerical results have been compared with some corresponding laboratory tests
Application of grid convergence index in FE computation
Authors: Kwaśniewski L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper presents an application of the grid convergence index (GCI) concept based on the Richardson extrapolation to a selected simple problem of a cantilever beam loaded with vertical forces at the tip end. The GCI method, popular in computational fluid dynamics, has been recently recommended for finite element (FE) applications in solid and structural mechanics. Based on the results obtained usually for three meshes, the GCI method enables one to determine, in an objective manner, the order of convergence to estimate the asymptotic solution and the bounds for discretization error. The example shows that the characteristics of the convergence depend on the selection of the quantity of interest, which can be local or a global functional such as the deflection considered here. The results differ for different FE formulations, and the difference is bigger when the nonlinearities (e.g., due to plastic response) are taken into account
An estimation of conditions inside construction works during a fire with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Sztarbała G. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the assessment of conditions inside construction works during a fire. The CFD method is now commonly used to support the design process of fire safety in construction works. This method is very useful at the preliminary stage of design because it is possible to check the internal environment during a fire and evaluate whether requirements of fire safety are met
Monte-Carlo aided design of neutron shielding concretes
Authors: Tefelski D.B. , Piotrowski T. , Polański A. , Skubalski J. , Blideanu V. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The process of design of building composites, like concrete is a complex one and involves many aspects like physical and mechanical properties, durability, shielding efficiency, costs of production and dismantlement etc. There are plenty of parameters to optimize and computer tools can help to choose the best solution. A computer aided design plays an important role nowadays. It becomes more accurate, faster and cheaper, so laboratories often apply computer simulation methods prior to field testing. In case of nuclear engineering, the radiation shielding problems are of much importance, because safety of such facilities is a key point. In this article the most effective methods for neutron shielding studies based on Monte-Carlo simulations of neutron transport and nuclide activation studies in concrete are presented. Two codes: MCNPX and CINDER’90 are extensively used to compare the shielding efficiency of commonly used concretes and to study the influence of concentration of B, Ba and Fe elements on shielding efficiency
Ultra-high performance concrete – properties and technology
Authors: Zdeb T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper deals with information concerning properties and technology of a new generation cementitious composite i.e. Ultra-High Performance Concrete. High performance here means both high strength and high durability under the influence of environmental factors. This group of composites is mainly represented by Reactive Powder Concretes (RPC), which show both outstanding durability and mechanical properties. Characteristic features of RPC are mainly due to the very low water-cement ratio, which involves application of superplasticizer, significant reduction of aggregate grains size as well as hydrothermal treatment. In the first part of the paper selected properties of RPC are compared to ordinary concrete and to other groups of new generation concrete. Moreover, fundamental technological factors influencing properties of RPC are described as well. The second part deals with the RPC developed at Cracow University of Technology. The presented test results are mainly focused on the influence of steel fibres content on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete and hydrothermal treatment on composites microstructure. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of this relationship expand the knowledge of the UHPC technology. Finally, the third part presents the most significant and newest structures which have been erected with the use of RPC
Theoretical modelling of MWIR thermoelectrically cooled nBn HgCdTe detector
Authors: Martyniuk P. , Rogalski A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper reports on the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) unipolar barrier infrared detector (UBIRD) nBn/B-n type (n-type barrier) HgCdTe detector’s photoelectrical performance. The UBIRD nBn/B-n type HgCdTe detector was modelled using commercially available software APSYS. Detailed analysis of the detector’s performance (such as dark current, photocurrent, responsivity, and detectivity) versus bias voltage, operating temperatures, and structural parameters (cap, barrier, and absorber’s doping as well as cap and barrier compositions) were performed pointing out optimal working conditions. Both conduction and valence band alignments of the HgCdTe nBn/B-n type detector structure was simulated stressing their importance on detectors performance. It was shown that higher operation temperature (HOT) conditions achieved by commonly used thermoelectric (TE) coolers allow to obtain detectivities of D* = (3-10)×109 cmHz1/2/W at T = 200 K for detectors with cut-off wavelength of 5.2 μm The differential resistance area product of RA = 0.15-0.4 cm2 at T = 230 K for bias voltage V = 50 mV was estimated.
Finally, the state of the art of UBIRD HgCdTe nBn/B-n type detector performance was compared to InAs/GaSb/B-Al0.2Ga0.8Sb T2SLs nBn detector, InAs/GaSb T2SLs PIN and the HOT HgCdTe bulk photodiodes’ operated at near-room temperature (T = 230 K). It was shown that the RA product of the MWIR UBIRD nBn/B-n type HgCdTe detector can reach a comparable level to the state of the art of the HgCdTe HOT bulk photodiodes and two types of type-II superlattice detectors: PIN photodiodes and nBn detectors
À propos de la place des enclitiques en BCMS (bosniaque-croate-monténégrin-serbe)
Authors: Thomas Paul-Louis 
Published: May 2013

About the Place of Enclitics in BCMS Language

The author draws up a list of ail the enclitics of the Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian language and gives the rules of their linearisation (from the left to the right: interrogative particle li, auxiliary verb, dative pronoun, accusative pronoun, reflexive pronoun). He deals with enclitics which have homographic stressed counterparts, and with the meaning of «second place» for the enclitics: actually, enclitics may come after the first stressed word (even if they are inside a syntagm, according to a strict phonetic principle) or after the first stressed syntagm (according to a syntactic principle). The paper considers different factors which determine the position of enclitics.
- Syntactic factors: enclitics may lean on subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns or adverbs, so that the order of enclitics is different in independent clauses and in subordinate clauses. In coordinate clauses linearisation may be the same as in independent clauses or as in subordinate clauses, after coordinating conjunctions pa, te, ali, ili; the status of the conjuction jer should be reconsidered: it behaves with enclitics as a coordinating, and not as a subordinating conjunction as it is usually called.
- Functional style: there is an internal coherence of the enclitics position for each functional style, colloquial, journalistic (in all the media) and literary ('belles-lettres').
- Standard: BCMS language is polystandardized, i.e offers several standards, inside each of which there is some coherence of the enclitics position; however, differences (for instance between Serbian and Croatian) are more important in literary texts (and normative reference books!) than in everyday speech.
The author shows that in some cases the term 'enclitic' is inappropriate: in spite of a long tradition (especially from the 19th century on) of repeating the same denominations over and over again, sometimes the so-called 'enclitics' are actually proclitics.
Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titres in Chinese Chronic Hepatitis B Patients over 4 Years of Entecavir Treatment
Authors: Chen En-Qiang , Wang Ting-Ting , Bai Lang , Tao Chuan-Min , Liang Tao , Liu Cong , Liao Juan , Tang Hong 
Published: May 2013

Background The clinical value of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) titre in patients taking nucleotide/nucleoside analogues (NAs) is still controversial. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of qHB-sAg titres and their significance for predicting virological response (VR) and serological response (SR) to long-term entecavir (ETV) treatment. Methods A total of 48 ETV-naive patients were enrolled and followed prospectively for 4 years, 32 of whom were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive at baseline. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), qualitative HBV serological markers and HBV DNA were detected; qHBsAg titres were measured using Elecsys® HBsAg II Quant Assay (Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany). Results The mean baseline HBV DNA and qHBsAg were 7.51 log10 copies/ml and 3.78 log10 IU/ml, respectively. After 48 months of ETV treatment, the rates of VR (<291 copies/ml), ALT normalization and SR (HBeAg/antibody to HBeAg [anti-HBe]) were 89.6% (43/48), 89.6% (43/48) and 34.4% (11/32), respectively. There was a decrease in qHBsAg titres from baseline to month 48, ranging from 3.78 to 3.10 log10 IU/ml. The greatest decrease of qHBsAg was observed in the first 3 months of treatment (0.47 log10 IU/ml), which was significantly correlated with corresponding HBV DNA decreases (3.89 log10 copies/ml; P=0.032). By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, qHBsAg titres at baseline (area under the curve [AUROC]=0.647) and 3 months after treatment (AUROC=0.586) had poor power in predicting 48-month VR; qHBsAg titres at baseline (AUROC=0.779) and 3 months after ETV treatment (AUROC=0.658) had poor power in predicting 48-month SR in patients who were HBeAg-positive at baseline. Additionally, the decrease of qHBsAg in the first 3 months of treatment also had poor power in predicting either 48 month VR or SR. Conclusions ETV is efficacious in NA-naive patients, and qHBsAg titres decreased significantly in the first 3 months of ETV treatment. However, qHBsAg titre was not a good predictor of 4-year VR and HBeAg/anti-HBe SR in this cohort.
Decreased Pain Threshold in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Leegaard Anne , Lomholt Johanne Jeppesen , Thastum Mikael , Herlin Troels 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To examine the pain threshold in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared with healthy children by using a digital pressure algometer.Methods.Fifty-eight children with JIA born between 1995 and 2000 and 91 age-related healthy children participated in the study. We used a digital pressure algometer to measure the pain threshold on 17 symmetric, anatomically predefined joint-related or bone-related areas. All children were asked to rate their current pain on a Faces Pain Scale, and parents of children with JIA were asked to complete a parental revised version of the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ-R). Clinical data were registered on children with JIA.Results.The pain threshold was significantly lower among children with JIA (total mean PT = 1.33 ± 0.69 kg/cm2) when compared with the healthy control group (total mean PT = 1.77 ± 0.67 kg/cm2). The same pattern was found in all areas measured, including negative control areas that are normally unaffected in JIA (p = 0.0001 to 0.005). Overall, the pain threshold was 34% lower in females than in males in both groups (p < 0.0001). We found no correlation between pain threshold and age, current pain experience, disease duration, or disease activity.Conclusion.Children with JIA had a substantially lower pain threshold even in areas usually unaffected by arthritis. Our findings suggest that JIA alters the pain perception and causes decreased pain threshold.
Use of Lipid-lowering Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Akkara Veetil Bharath Manu , Myasoedova Elena , Matteson Eric L. , Gabriel Sherine E. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Lipid-lowering therapy is reportedly underused in patients with RA. Longitudinal cohort studies comparing use of lipid-lowering medications in patients with RA versus the general population are lacking.Methods.Cardiovascular risk factors, lipid measures, and use of lipid-lowering agents were assessed in a population-based inception cohort of patients with RA and a cohort of non-RA subjects followed from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 2008. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines were assessed at the time of each lipid measure throughout followup. Time from meeting guidelines to initiation of lipid-lowering agents was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods.Results.The study population included 412 RA and 438 non-RA patients with ≥ 1 lipid measure during followup and no prior use of lipid-lowering agents. Rates of lipid testing were lower among patients with RA compared to non-RA subjects. Among patients who met NCEP ATPIII criteria for lipid-lowering therapy (n = 106 RA; n = 120 non-RA), only 27% of RA and 26% of non-RA subjects initiated lipid-lowering agents within 2 years of meeting the guidelines for initiation.Conclusion.There was substantial undertreatment in both the RA and the non-RA cohorts who met NCEP ATPIII criteria for initiation of lipid-lowering agents. Patients with RA did not have as frequent lipid testing as individuals in the general population.
Les souffrances modernes
Authors: Lacadée Philippe 
Published: May 2013

Il y a dans le corps de l’adolescent, une vérité qui se souffre et ne se dit pas, un dérèglement de tous les sens , liée à cet Éveil du printemps qui l’exile, le met en marge de l’Autre. Au nom de ce qui se jouit de nouveau dans son corps, de ce qui se fantasme d’inédit dans sa pensée, le voilà confronté, de façon contingente, à un trou de savoir dans l’Autre, non sans éprouver ces souffrances modernes , comme disait Rimbaud. Modernes pour deux raisons, l’une liée à ce qui se jouit de nouveau et d’inédit dans son corps, et toujours moderne de s’actualiser dans sa pensée, l’autre liée à la modification du discours de l’entourage symbolique. Ces pulsions du temps présent, liées à cet objet a, plus de jouir, ont à s’articuler à la grammaire vivante du discours toujours de l’Autre, et comme cet Autre – cet entourage – se modifie, que les idéaux ne sont plus à la même place et qu’on ne parle pas de la même façon en 1906 qu’aujourd’hui, ceci ne va pas sans procurer aussi sa part de souffrance. Cette tension entre l’idéal et l’objet est au cœur de la tension qui s’actualise dans la délicate transition de l’adolescence.
Les singularités du transfert adolescent
Authors: Tourrès Dominique 
Published: May 2013

Nous nous proposons d’aborder, de façon non exhaustive, les singularités du transfert adolescent. Sont interrogés les points suivants : la place des parents dans la demande initiale, la confiscation du processus adolescent par la cure, la recrudescence œdipienne et la désillusion parentale. La répétition comme caractère inaugural de l’après-coup pubertaire, mis en place tout au long du processus adolescent, peut-elle être modifiée par le travail de la cure ? La question reste ouverte. La possibilité d’un espace pour l’intime implique particulièrement le désir de l’analyste puisqu’il doit éviter l’inflation du transfert imaginaire et soutenir la narrativité adolescente. À la lumière d’une clinique venant étayer ce questionnement, nous nous garderons de tout caractère prédictif venant clore le processus adolescent et l’espace ouvert par la parole.
La « mère des armées » n'est pas encore morte
Authors: Baaz Eriksson Maria , Verweijen Judith , Deslaurier Christine 
Published: May 2013

Cet article remet en cause l’idée d’une impunité « quasi-totale » parmi les forces armées congolaises en présentant une série de pratiques punitives et réparatrices ayant lieu hors du cadre de la justice militaire. Il analyse les différents mécanismes et logiques qui informent les pratiques « informelles » et « formelles » de la justice et explore comment ces pratiques sont vues et lues tant par les civils que les militaires, surtout par rapport à leur « in/formalité » et la façon dont elles « rendent la justice ». Cela permet de conclure que les différences entre justice « formelle » et « informelle » sont, à plusieurs égards, davantage une question de degré que de nature.
« Déclaration de Paris » et dépendance à l'aide : éclairages nigériens
Authors: Lavigne Delville Philippe 
Published: May 2013

Interrogés sur leur perception de l’aide et de ses effets sur l’État et la société, les cadres nigériens impliqués dans l’aide, sa négociation ou sa mise en œuvre mettent en avant l’affaiblissement des administrations et la perte de projet politique. La notion « d’appropriation » de la Déclaration de Paris est controversée, les évolutions des pratiques correspondent plus à une réduction des effets pervers les plus massifs de la multiplication des bailleurs et du contournement de l’État, qu’à un réel renversement de perspectives. Mais, pour la majorité d’entre eux, cela ouvre quelques opportunités dont l’État nigérien doit se saisir.
Individualiser la thérapie d'exposition pour le stress post-traumatique : le cas de Caroline
Authors: Kramer Ueli 
Published: May 2013

Dans la thérapie de l’état de stress post-traumatique chronique (PTSD), l’Exposition Prolongée (PE) à des stimuli associés à une expérience d‘origine traumatique est considérée comme une méthode de traitement de pointe. Notre étude de cas, basée sur l’utilisation du manuel de Foa et Rothbaum (1998), concerne Caroline, une patiente adulte victime d’abus sexuels dans l’enfance, traitée en 40 séances, sur une durée d’une année. En complément, nous avons la technique de l’« Analyse des Plans » de Caspar (1995, 2007) pour la formulation de cas individualisée et la planification du traitement, selon le concept de Caspar de la Relation Thérapeutique Orientée sur les Motifs (MOTR). Le traitement a été très efficace, comme l’attestent les mesures quantitatives standardisées, les changements dans les schémas de comportements, ainsi que son compte rendu subjectif. Une analyse du processus thérapeutique illustre l’importance d’une combinaison de procédures basées sur un manuel avec des formulations et interventions de cas individuels. Le cas est discuté dans le contexte de l’amélioration du traitement cognitivo-comportemental du PTSD.
Le travail du cas au service de la formation : du processus à l'évaluation
Authors: Roman Pascal 
Published: May 2013

L’auteur propose une réflexion sur la place du travail du cas dans le cursus de formation à la psychothérapie d’orientation psychanalytique. Il s’agit de dégager les enjeux qui président à une pratique courante et cependant peu théorisée, celle de la sollicitation de l’écriture du cas dans les mémoires de formation. Trois points de vue seront présentés et brièvement discutés : le point de vue épistémologique, le point de vue transférentiel et le point de vue clinique et éthique. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence le paradoxe auquel sont soumis les psychothérapeutes dans leur processus de formation, entre exigences de l’évaluation et mise au travail de l’intime.
Gaudium et spes est-il un classique ?
Authors: Jobin Guy 
Published: May 2013

La réception du concile Vatican II porte notamment sur la normativité de certains textes du Concile. Dans ces lignes, il s’agit pour nous d’étudier la reprise de la Constitution Gaudium et spes par l’épiscopat canadien et québécois. L’analyse rhétorique permet déjà de donner des clés de compréhension. Gaudium et spes est simultanément sources d’argumentation, justification de la prise de parole en public, voire modèle de celle-ci. Quelques exemples précis illustrent notre propos : éthique sexuelle et familiale et éthique socio-économique. Un effacement de la référence à Gaudium et spes transparaît aujourd’hui. Deux genres littéraires sont utilisés : épidictique et démonstratif. Dans quelle mesure peut-on dire que Gaudium et spes est devenu un classique ?