bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mid-domain effect in ectomycorrhizal fungi: range overlap along an elevation gradient on Mount Fuji, Japan
Authors: Miyamoto Yumiko , Nakano Takashi , Hattori Masahira , Nara Kazuhide 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Mid-domain effect (MDE) models predict that the random placement of species’ ranges within a bounded geographical area leads to increased range overlap and species richness in the center of the bounded area. These models are frequently applied to study species-richness patterns of macroorganisms, but the MDE in relation to microorganisms is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the MDE in richness patterns of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, an ecologically important group of soil symbionts. We conducted intensive soil sampling to investigate overlap among species ranges and the applicability of the MDE to EM fungi in four temperate forest stands along an elevation gradient on Mount Fuji, Japan. Molecular analyses using direct sequencing revealed 302 EM fungal species. Of 73 EM fungal species found in multiple stands, 72 inhabited a continuous range along the elevation gradient. The maximum overlap in species range and the highest species richness occurred at elevations in the middle of the gradient. The observed richness pattern also fit within the 95% confidence interval of the mid-domain null model, supporting the role of the MDE in EM fungal richness. Deviation in observed richness from the mean of the mid-domain null estimation was negatively correlated with some environmental factors, including precipitation and soil C/N, indicating that unexplained richness patterns could be driven by these environmental factors. Our results clearly support the existence of microbial species’ ranges along environmental gradients and the potential applicability of the MDE to better understand microbial diversity patterns.
Picocyanobacteria containing a novel pigment gene cluster dominate the brackish water Baltic Sea
Authors: Larsson John , Celepli Narin , Ininbergs Karolina , Dupont Christopher L , Yooseph Shibu , Bergman Bigitta , Ekman Martin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Photoautotrophic picocyanobacteria harvest light via phycobilisomes (PBS) consisting of the pigments phycocyanin (PC) and phycoerythrin (PE), encoded by genes in conserved gene clusters. The presence and arrangement of these gene clusters give picocyanobacteria characteristic light absorption properties and allow the colonization of specific ecological niches. To date, a full understanding of the evolution and distribution of the PBS gene cluster in picocyanobacteria has been hampered by the scarcity of genome sequences from fresh- and brackish water-adapted strains. To remediate this, we analysed genomes assembled from metagenomic samples collected along a natural salinity gradient, and over the course of a growth season, in the Baltic Sea. We found that while PBS gene clusters in picocyanobacteria sampled in marine habitats were highly similar to known references, brackish-adapted genotypes harboured a novel type not seen in previously sequenced genomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the novel gene cluster belonged to a clade of uncultivated picocyanobacteria that dominate the brackish Baltic Sea throughout the summer season, but are uncommon in other examined aquatic ecosystems. Further, our data suggest that the PE genes were lost in the ancestor of PC-containing coastal picocyanobacteria and that multiple horizontal gene transfer events have re-introduced PE genes into brackish-adapted strains, including the novel clade discovered here.
Aqueous synthesis of highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots with narrow spectra using hydrazine hydrate reduction selenium
Authors: Lan Yuwei , Yang Kun , Wang Yilin , Li Huaimei 
Published: March 2014

Highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with narrow spectra were synthesised by the reaction of CdCl2 ·2.5H2O, Se and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4 ·H2O), respectively, in water and in the presence of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid as the stabiliser. The effects of the experimental conditions, including the refluxing time and the selenium to cadmium molar ratio, on the luminescent properties of the obtained QDs have been investigated. Furthermore, the obtained QDs were characterised by UV–vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, X‐ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method led to the formation of the cubic CdSe QDs with a narrow fluorescence full‐width at half‐maximum (47 nm) and a high PL quantum yield (up to 16%), respectively.
Thermal modeling of hydrogen storage by absorption in a magnesium hydrides tank
Authors: Lahmer Karim , Bessaïh Rachid , Scipioni Angel , El Ganaoui Mohammed 
Published: March 2014

This paper summarizes numerical results of hydrogen absorption simulated in an axisymmetric tank geometry containing magnesium hydride heated to 300 °C and at moderate storage pressure 1 MPa. The governing equations are solved with a fully implicit finite volume numerical scheme used by a commercial software FLUENT. The effect of the different kinetic reaction equations modeling hydrogen absorption was studied by the introduction of a specific subroutine at each time step in order to consider which one will provide results close to available experimental results. Spatial and temporal profiles of temperature and concentration in hydride bed are plotted. Results show that suitable method for our two-dimensional study is a CV-2D technique because it generates the smallest error especially during the beginning of the reaction. Also, its computational time is the shortest one compared to the other methods.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary assessment of efficacy of mecasermin (recombinant human IGF-1) for the treatment of Rett syndrome
Authors: Khwaja Omar S. , Ho Eugenia , Barnes Katherine V. , O’Leary Heather M. , Pereira Luis M. , Finkelstein Yaron , Nelson Charles A. , Vogel-Farley Vanessa , DeGregorio Geneva , Holm Ingrid A. , Khatwa Umakanth , Kapur Kush , Alexander Mark E. , Finnegan Deirdre M. , Cantwell Nicole G. , Walco Alexandra C. , Rappaport Leonard , Gregas Matt , Fichorova Raina N. , Shannon Michael W. , Sur Mriganka , Kaufmann Walter E. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
This paper provides unique insights into mechanism-based therapeutics for Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder. This clinical trial was based on pioneer preclinical work from the laboratory of M.S. Outcome measures include clinical instruments, standardized behavioral measures, and biomarkers, the latter being not only objective but also applicable to experimental studies. We believe this work will a have major impact on the understanding and treatment of RTT, as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Computation of the topological type of a real Riemann surface
Authors: Kalla C. , Klein C. 
Published: March 2014

We present an algorithm for the computation of the topological type of a real compact Riemann surface associated to an algebraic curve, i.e., its genus and the properties of the set of fixed points of the anti-holomorphic involution

τ
\tau

, namely, the number of its connected components, and whether this set divides the surface into one or two connected components. This is achieved by transforming an arbitrary canonical homology basis to a homology basis where the

A

\mathcal {A}

-cycles are invariant under the anti-holomorphic involution

τ
\tau

.
Variation in Firmness of Whole Beans, Embryos, and Testas of Cooked Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars
Authors: Yasui Takeshi , Sasaki Tomoko , Kohyama Kaoru , Hajika Makita 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe firmness of whole beans and of separated embryos and testas from 20 soybean cultivars grown in the same field conditions was estimated after 40 min cooking with AACC International Approved Method 56‐36.01. There were considerable variations in the firmness of whole beans, embryos, and testas among cultivars. Testas were much firmer than embryos because of their leathery texture and resistance at slots in the shear cell during compression. For soft cultivars, the firmness after 10 min cooking was also measured, and an apparent first‐order reaction kinetics model was applied to estimate the initial firmness at 0 min cooking and the softening rate constant from firmness data after 10 and 40 min cooking. The estimated initial firmness at 0 min cooking and softening rate constant of embryos and testas varied widely among seven cultivars, and these two parameters were considered to be controlled by different genetic mechanisms, because no correlation was found between the parameters. The softening rate constants of testas were much smaller than those of embryos, and the relative firmness of testas to embryos increased during cooking. The firmness of whole beans and embryos after 10 min cooking would be a useful characteristic for approximating their firmness after 40 min cooking.
The “School Foodshed”: schools and fast-food outlets in a London borough
Authors: Caraher M. , Lloyd S. , Madelin T. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the location of fast-food outlets around secondary schools and the influence of fast-food availability on the food choices of school children in an inner-London borough.

Design/methodology/approach
– A number of methods including: mapping of outlets relative to schools; sampling food; gathering data on secondary school food policies; observing food behaviour in fast food outlets and focus groups with young people. Findings were fed back to a committee consisting of representatives from nutrition, public health, planning services and local community groups.

Findings
– There are concentrations of fast-food outlets near schools and students reported use of these, including “stories” of skipping lunch in order to save money and eat after school at these outlets. Food from fast-food outlets was high in fat, saturated fat and salt, but these are not the only source of high such foods, with many of the students reporting buying from shops near the school or on the way to or from school. At lunchtime food outlets were less likely to be used by school students in areas near schools that have a “closed gate” policy.

Research limitations/implications
– The “snapshot” nature of the research limited what can be said about the food behaviours of the children outside school hours.

Practical implications
– The local policy context requires action to improve both the food offered in schools and the immediate environment around the school in order to tackle fast-food and other competitive foods on offer outside the school.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies in the UK to systematically map fast food outlets around schools and explore what might be done. This research shows how it is possible to link the findings of local research and develop local responses from both public health and local authority planning perspectives. The research moves away from a mere documenting of problems to devising integrated public health solutions. The findings show how public health and planning services can work together to the mutual benefit of each other.
Analysis of UK walnut market import purchase behaviour
Authors: McNeil D.L. , Felgate M.K. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to use readily available data to validate several predictions on UK walnut import and consumer use behaviours. It then seeks to hypothesise how this information can be used to determine whether and how additional value can be created in the chain.

Design/methodology/approach
– The chain used was that from sourcing to retail sale of walnuts in the UK. The data used were: UK import price/quantity/origin and total consumption data, global comparisons for import price/quantity/origin and total consumption data.

Findings
– This paper validates predictions for walnut quality, market size and pricing from a simple model for the UK walnut market. The UK walnut market is small (0.26 g/capita/day) but expanding per capita (8 per cent pa). Import prices are low (15-25 per cent below several other major EU importers) but rising in real terms (7 per cent pa). The UK generally sources walnuts opportunistically from low cost low “international standard” quality suppliers. These findings are consistent with model predictions of market behaviour and previous findings on walnut quality.

Practical implications
– There may be an opportunity to improve quality specifications for the UK walnut market &/or to expand the UK market into higher quality uses. Both options require educating the UK consumer market in the additional consumer value created.

Originality/value
– The study indicates the extent of price seeking purchasing behaviour within global markets for an agricultural product (walnuts). It shows this is not a globally consistent market response and thus offers opportunities for all participants in the UK walnut retail value chain to provide enhanced consumer value.
Why regular buyers of organic food still buy many conventional products
Authors: Buder Fabian , Feldmann Corinna , Hamm Ulrich 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The sales volume of organic food products in Germany has been increasing consistently over recent years, yet only a small number of households is responsible for the majority of organic purchases. Even these so-called “regular” organic food buyers spend, on average, less than half of their budget on organic products. The present study aims to analyse the reasons why these consumers do not purchase particular products in organic quality, in order to uncover product gaps and purchase barriers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The investigation is based on computer-aided, personal interviews among regular organic food buyers, which were conducted in retail and organic food stores across Germany. Altogether, 817 interviews were carried out. To minimize regional variation in the data-set, stores were selected from north, south, west and east Germany in equal proportions.

Findings
– The most important reasons for not purchasing organic products among regular organic food consumers were price, insufficient availability, and the quality of the product. Since product-specific analysis was carried out in this study, the results indicate that the relevance of reasons varies from product to product and according to shop types.

Originality/value
– To the authors' knowledge, no research to date has dealt with an analysis of product-specific purchase barriers in the context of regular organic food buyers. Furthermore, in contrast with other studies, a preceding analysis of panel data identifying product groups with the lowest organic market shares builds the basis for a well-grounded survey. The explorative character of the study results in unique findings on consumer purchase behaviour related to specific products in a variety of predefined product categories.
Antecedents of food-related consumer decision-making styles
Authors: Anić Ivan-Damir , Piri Rajh Suncana , Rajh Edo 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the impacts of demographic variables (gender, age, income, education) and food product involvement (FPI) on food-related consumer decision-making styles (CDMS).

Design/methodology/approach
– Original Sproles and Kendall's CSI instrument (1986) was applied in the food-product context. Data were collected using consumer phone survey. Eight separate regression analyses were conducted to test hypotheses. In each model independent variables were socio-demographic variables and FPI, while dependent variables were eight food-related CDMS.

Findings
– Regression analyses indicate that each of food-related CDMS are affected by different antecedent variables. Perfectionism, high-quality consciousness was affected by gender, age, income and FPI; Brand consciousness by age, income and FPI; Novelty consciousness by FPI; Recreational, hedonistic shopping consciousness by gender, age and FPI; Price consciousness by age, education and income; Impulsiveness by age, education and income; Confusion by overchoice by education and FPI, and Brand loyalty by education, income and FPI.

Originality/value
– The study applies modified Sproles and Kendall's CSI instrument (1986) in the food product context. The present study also provides a more definitive conclusion about the relationships between demographics, FPI and food-related CDMS. The analysis determined how demographics and FPI affect food-related CDMS.
Informal e-learning: the case of small business owners
Authors: Smith Tara , Barrett Rowena 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of an informal online discussion forum (ODF) to encourage voluntary participation and promote double-loop learning by small business owners (SBOs).

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative methodology was used where data gathered from three sources, the ODF posts, in-depth interviews with participants and a focus group with non-participants. These were analysed to evaluate learning of SBOs in an ODF.

Findings
– This research provides evidence that an ODF for SBOs supports double-loop learning; however, participation could not be assumed simply by the online availability of the discussion resource.

Research limitations/implications
– Few SBOs participated in the ODF which is consistent with research finding SBOs are a difficult group to engage in learning. Four forms of data were analysed to strengthen results.

Practical implications
– Caution should be exercised when considering investment in e-learning for SBOs.

Originality/value
– Evidence showing e-learning through an informal voluntary ODF can promote deep learning for SBOs.
Using e-learning to support international students’ dissertation preparation
Authors: Sloan Diane , Porter Elizabeth , Robins Karen , McCourt Karen 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– A research paper on the design and implementation of an e-learning resource responding to the globalisation of education. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the challenges presented in learning and teaching on how to support international postgraduate (PG) students undertaking the specific task of a dissertation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using findings from 250 PG students, 40 supervisors and two module tutors the research identified the content and language issues faced by students and recognised the need to design an enabler supporting the latter as independent learners and the academic staff delivering support.

Findings
– The e-learning tool provides an independent learning tool which addresses student concerns relating to the process and content of structuring a dissertation and the function of language. Initial responses have been positive from both staff and students in respect to providing a source of student support and feedback.

Originality/value
– The research shows how the Dissertation Game Model (DGM), evolved into an e-learning resource supporting student understanding of the content, structure, planning and writing of a dissertation. The e-learning tool focuses on helping international students understand what the generic contents of each chapter of a dissertation should contain and supports them in engaging in research as a transferable skill.
Competitive advantage in the new social care marketplace: a new theoretical perspective
Authors: Dearnaley Patricia 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– Changes in the UK social care sector over the past 20 years have effected a fundamental shift in commissioning and delivery relationships. This “quasi-market” challenges existing theory and models around competitive advantage. This study, as outlined in two earlier articles, addressed weaknesses in the defining framework for analysis and business planning in this new environment; the purpose of this concluding paper is to propose a new perspective for those interested in entering this market.Design/methodology/approach– The original research comprised a constructive research approach through a single holistic case study, using qualitative research methods including document analysis, interviews, secondary data, observations and facilitated meetings.Findings– This final paper offers a structured framework of analysis and response: the External Drivers Model.Research limitations/implications– The model was developed for a scenario impacting upon a social housing agency, with ambitions to enter this market as a new provider; it may require further research to establish its generalisability to other organisations and other sectors.Originality/value– This series of three papers adds to existing knowledge by critiquing current business models, and positing a potential development to existing contingency theory: the External Drivers Model. The study has resulted in a number of outputs including an outline of tools to assist in using the model.
Shared housing and long-term mental illness
Authors: Abrahamson David 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to give an account by a rehabilitation psychiatrist of many years of involvement in shared housing for former long-stay hospital residents and other long-term mental health service users.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper offers a personal view based on developments in one locality of East London, blending case study narrative with cited earlier published papers that confirm and/or give greater detail on specific aspects of the experience gained.

Findings
– Long-term mental health service users, given the opportunity via shared housing to develop more lasting and natural relationships, proved to have social and interactive capacity that was obscured by both the conditions of hospital wards and by isolating accommodation “in the community”. The experience provides lessons for a better understanding of patients’ problems.

Practical implications
– Shared housing is often seen as simply a poor substitute for independent living; but the experience recounted here suggests that shared living may have particular value for some client groups.

Originality/value
– The housing developments and the associated research remain unusual and of potential value for planners of long-term services.
A human adventure – an address to the Interval Symposium 2013
Authors: Henri Chevrier Claude 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the operationalizing of a philosophy of humanization of hostel care and the challenge to such development presented by the proposed adoption of the “housing first” approach (“Chez Soi D’Abord”) in Paris.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is a translation of the transcript of an address given by the author to a symposium of psycho-analytic therapists working with the homelessness resettlement services in their quarter of Paris. It is a narrative of service development, described in some practical detail, with philosophical and psycho-analytic depths.

Findings
– A philosophy of care and social education is replacing the philosophy of surveillance that had characterized earlier development of hostels. Psycho-analytic concepts, based on the writings of Lacan, help to understand the importance of addressing the profound psycho-social dislocation of individuals subject to the implicit violence of their situation.

Originality/value
– This is the first known paper in print and in English to describe the development of a psychologically informed environment in homelessness resettlement in France.