bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost in translation—the role of family in interventions among adults with diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Torenholt R. , Schwennesen N. , Willaing I. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsFamily interventions are increasingly recognized as important in the care of people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to synthesize the existing literature on family interventions among adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and to determine the degree to which they were family centred.MethodsThe literature search was carried out in four databases (Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ERIC). Two reviewers independently screened the search results. Only English‐language articles about interventions on education, care and/or support of adult individuals with diabetes involving the participation of both the individual with diabetes and at least one family member were included.ResultsFrom an initial 1480 citations, 10 reports were included. The intervention studies varied considerably in terms of design and population. The family dimension generally represented a modest part of the interventions: Two interventions applied a family‐relevant theoretical framework. Disease knowledge and lifestyle changes were more prevalent intervention themes than family issues. Biological and behavioural outcomes were most prevalent, whereas psychosocial and family outcomes were used in six of the studies.ConclusionsThe number of trials and statistically significant results in family interventions targeting adults with diabetes is limited. Because of inhomogeneity, it is difficult to come to a conclusion on effective approaches in family interventions. The interventions are inconsistent with regard to theoretical framework, intervention themes and measured outcomes. However, psychosocial and familial dimensions seem sensitive to family‐based interventions. From development to evaluation, the family dimension needs to be included to prove the specific effect of family interventions.
Regional circadian period difference in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mammalian circadian center
Authors: Koinuma Satoshi , Asakawa Takeshi , Nagano Mamoru , Furukawa Keiichi , Sujino Mitsugu , Masumoto Koh‐Hei , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Seiichi , Yagita Kazuhiro , Shigeyoshi Yasufumi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the mammalian circadian rhythm center. Individual oscillating neurons have different endogenous circadian periods, but they are usually synchronized by an intercellular coupling mechanism. The differences in the period of each oscillating neuron have been extensively studied; however, the clustering of oscillators with similar periods has not been reported. In the present study, we artificially disrupted the intercellular coupling among oscillating neurons in the SCN and observed regional differences in the periods of the oscillating small‐latticed regions of the SCN using a transgenic rat carrying a luciferase reporter gene driven by regulatory elements from a per2 clock gene (Per2::dluc rat). The analysis divided the SCN into two regions – a region with periods shorter than 24 h (short‐period region, SPR) and another with periods longer than 24 h (long‐period region, LPR). The SPR was located in the smaller medial region of the dorsal SCN, whereas the LPR occupied the remaining larger region. We also found that slices containing the medial region of the SCN generated shorter circadian periods than slices that contained the lateral region of the SCN. Interestingly, the SPR corresponded well with the region where the SCN phase wave is generated. We numerically simulated the relationship between the SPR and a large LPR. A mathematical model of the SCN based on our findings faithfully reproduced the kinetics of the oscillators in the SCN in synchronized conditions, assuming the existence of clustered short‐period oscillators.
Early postnatal motor experience shapes the motor properties of C57BL/6J adult mice
Authors: Serradj Nadjet , Picquet Florence , Jamon Marc 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term consequences of early motor training on the muscle phenotype and motor output of middle‐aged C57BL/6J mice. Neonatal mice were subjected to a variety of motor training procedures, for 3 weeks during the period of acquisition of locomotion. These procedures are widely used for motor training in adults; they include enriched environment, forced treadmill, chronic centrifugation, and hindlimb suspension. At 9 months, the mice reared in the enriched environment showed a slower type of fibre in slow muscles and a faster type in fast muscles, improved performance in motor tests, and a modified gait and body posture while walking. The proportion of fibres in the postural muscles of centrifuged mice did not change, but these mice showed improved resistance to fatigue. The suspended mice showed increased persistence of immature hybrid fibres in the tibialis, with a slower shift in the load‐bearing soleus, without any behavioural changes. The forced treadmill was very stressful for the mice, but had limited effects on motor output, although a slower profile was observed in the tibialis. These results support the hypothesis that motor experience during a critical period of motor development shapes muscle phenotype and motor output. The different impacts of the various training procedures suggest that motor performance in adults can be optimized by appropriate training during a defined period of motor development.
Results of phase II levetiracetam trial following acute head injury in children at risk for posttraumatic epilepsy
Authors: Pearl Phillip L. , McCarter Robert , McGavin Colleen L. , Yu Yuezhou , Sandoval Fabian , Trzcinski Stacey , Atabaki Shireen M. , Tsuchida Tammy , van den Anker John , He Jianping , Klein Pavel 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPosttraumatic seizures develop in up to 20% of children following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children ages 6–17 years with one or more risk factors for the development of posttraumatic epilepsy, including presence of intracranial hemorrhage, depressed skull fracture, penetrating injury, or occurrence of posttraumatic seizure were recruited into this phase II study. Treatment subjects received levetiracetam 55 mg/kg/day, b.i.d., for 30 days, starting within 8 h postinjury. The recruitment goal was 20 treated patients. Twenty patients who presented within 8–24 h post‐TBI and otherwise met eligibility criteria were recruited for observation. Follow‐up was for 2 years. Forty‐five patients screened within 8 h of head injury met eligibility criteria and 20 were recruited into the treatment arm. The most common risk factor present for pediatric inclusion following TBI was an immediate seizure. Medication compliance was 95%. No patients died; 19 of 20 treatment patients were retained and one observation patient was lost to follow‐up. The most common severe adverse events in treatment subjects were headache, fatigue, drowsiness, and irritability. There was no higher incidence of infection, mood changes, or behavior problems among treatment subjects compared to observation subjects. Only 1 (2.5%) of 40 subjects developed posttraumatic epilepsy (defined as seizures >7 days after trauma). This study demonstrates the feasibility of a pediatric posttraumatic epilepsy prevention study in an at‐risk traumatic brain injury population. Levetiracetam was safe and well tolerated in this population. This study sets the stage for implementation of a prospective study to prevent posttraumatic epilepsy in an at‐risk population.
The 5′‐untranslated region regulates ATF5 mRNA stability via nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay in response to environmental stress
Authors: Hatano Masaya , Umemura Mariko , Kimura Natsumi , Yamazaki Takashi , Takeda Hitoshi , Nakano Haruo , Takahashi Shigeru , Takahashi Yuji 
Published: July 2013

We previously reported that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) mRNA increases in response to amino acid limitation, and that this increase is dependent on mRNA stabilization. The ATF5 gene allows transcription of mRNAs with two alternative 5′‐UTRs, 5′‐UTRα and 5′‐UTRβ, derived from exon 1α and exon 1β. 5′‐UTRα contains the upstream open reading frames uORF1 and uORF2. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α during the integrated stress response had been previously shown to lead to bypassing of uORF2 translation and production of ATF5 protein. Translation of uORF2 is expected to result in translational termination at a position 125 nucleotides upstream of the exon junction, and this fits the criterion of a nonsense‐mediated decay target mRNA. We investigated the potential role of 5′‐UTRα in the control of mRNA stabilization, and found that 5′‐UTRα reduced the stability of ATF5 mRNA. 5′‐UTRα‐regulated destabilization of mRNA was suppressed by knockdown of the nonsense‐mediated decay factors Upf1 and Upf2. Mutation of the downstream AUG (uAUG2) rendered mRNA refractory to Upf1 and Upf2 knockdown. Moreover, 5′‐UTRα‐regulated down‐regulation was hindered by amino acid limitation and tunicamycin treatment, and stress‐induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α was involved in stabilization of ATF5 mRNA. These studies show that ATF5 mRNA is a naturally occurring normal mRNA target of nonsense‐mediated decay, and provide evidence for linkage between stress‐regulated translational regulation and the mRNA decay pathway. This linkage constitutes a mechanism that regulates expression of stress response genes.
Syphilis related to atypical oral lesions affecting an elderly man. a case report
Authors: Araujo Juliane Piragine , Jaguar Graziella Chagas , Alves Fabio Abreu 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo present a case of oral syphilis in an old patient.BackgroundSyphilis seems to be resurging mainly in the young. However, in the last twenty years, the elderly have become more susceptive to infectious diseases due to a more frequent use of sildenafil.Clinical ReportAn 83‐year‐old man was referred to our clinic complaining of burning mouth. His medical history revealed papular lesions on chest and penis glans, which had been diagnosed and treated as scabiosis 2 months prior to our assessment. The intra‐oral examination showed erosive and patch lesions on the bilateral lip commissures, the palate and the border of the tongue. Initially, oral herpes was suspected. However, both the serological test and the cytology were negative. Therefore, syphilis was hypothesised. Non‐treponemic (VDRL) and treponemic tests (FTA‐ABS) were reagent and secondary syphilis was confirmed. The treatment consisted of penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million IU/IM for 4 weeks. Both oral and skin lesions had complete remission.ConclusionThe present case illustrates that syphilis should be suspected in old patients with oral atypical lesions.
Cover cropping and establishment of lucerne‐based pastures in a semi‐arid zone, mixed‐farming system of uniform rainfall distribution
Authors: Norton M. R. , Koetz E. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch to study the effect of cover crop sowing rate, row spacing and cultivar on establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)‐based pastures in a semi‐arid zone mixed‐farming system was undertaken at three sites over three consecutive years in south‐eastern Australia. The weather of these 3 years subjected the establishing swards to a vastly differing range of moisture conditions. Conditions were so dry in the first year that lucerne swards failed to establish although it appeared at an early stage that there were advantages when lucerne was sown as a pure sward. By contrast, in the 2nd and 3rd years, moisture conditions at two of the three sites were so favourable that satisfactory densities were attained in all treatments. Lucerne forage yield was a more sensitive parameter than density to establishment method as it illustrated trial treatment effects during these wetter years when lucerne density alone could not. Thus, greater lucerne forage yields in the first summer after cover crop harvest under pure‐sward establishment in comparison with establishment under a cover crop were seen at both Ardlethan and Barellan over both the 2nd and 3rd years of trials. Furthermore, the trial at Goolgowi in year 3 showed that when moisture was moderately limiting lucerne establishment, and yield is benefitted by sowing under a short, erect barley cultivar than under a taller and more spreading barley variety. This research highlights the greater lucerne forage production attained when lucerne is sown either as a pure sward or under cover crops with low levels of biomass.
Toll‐Like Receptors and Cytokines are Upregulated during Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children
Authors: Lagunes‐Servin Hugo , Torres Javier , Maldonado‐Bernal Carmen , Pérez‐Rodríguez Martha , Huerta‐Yépez Sara , Madrazo de la Garza Armando , Muñoz‐Pérez Leopoldo , Flores‐Luna Lourdes , Ramón‐García Guillermo , Camorlinga‐Ponce Margarita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori infection is mainly acquired during childhood, and establishes a chronic infection that may lead to peptic ulcer or gastric cancer during adulthood. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are expressed by distinct cell types throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and play an important role in regulation of the innate immune response. Few works have addressed TLRs expression in gastric epithelia of adults, and scarce studies have done it in children. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, and IL‐8, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in the gastric mucosa of children with and without H. pylori infection.MethodsGastric biopsies were collected by endoscopy from 50 children with recurrent abdominal pain, 25 with H. pylori infection and 25 without infection. In the gastric biopsies the expression of TLRs and cytokines was studied by immunohistochemistry, and the degree of mucosal inflammation was determined using the Sydney system.ResultsWe found that H. pylori infection was associated with a significant increased expression of TLRs 2, 4, 5 and 9, although expression varied between surface epithelia and glands. Epithelial cells expressing IL‐8, IL‐10 and TNF‐α were increased in gastric mucosa of children with H. pylori infection.ConclusionThis study shows the gastric epithelia of children respond to H. pylori infection by increasing the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9 and the cytokines IL‐8, IL‐10 and TNF‐α.
Malignancies of the eyelid: a review of primary and metastatic cancers
Authors: Dekmezian Mhair S. , Cohen Philip R. , Sami Mirwat , Tschen Jaime A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe eyelid can be the site of various malignant tumors, including epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphoproliferative, and endocrine neoplasms, all of which can present in unusual ways or mimic benign processes, often requiring biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. This review article presents a broad overview of some of the malignancies that have been reported to occur in eyelids, addressing clinical presentation and natural history, histologic and immunostaining characteristics, and genetic associations where relevant. The unique combination of functional importance, to protect and lubricate the eye, and cosmetic importance make management of eyelid lesions difficult. We describe a few of the diagnostic and treatment options that can be considered.
Starch fraction profiles of milled, nonparboiled rice varieties from Nigeria
Authors: Odenigbo Amaka M. , Ngadi Michael , Manful John , Danbaba Nahemiah 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study determined the levels of nutritionally important starch fractions in selected milled, nonparboiled rice cultivated in Nigeria. Five improved varieties (FARO 52, FARO 57, FARO 44, FARO 60 and FARO 61) and four local varieties (Kwandala, Yardass, Jeep and Jamila) were evaluated. There were significant differences in starch fractions among varieties. Resistant starch (RS) ranged between 1.43% and 3.13%. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was lowest in Jamila (27.70%) and highest in FARO 61 (39.26%). Generally, the local varieties had significant higher RS (2.71%) with a lower RDS (32.82%) compared with improved varieties (RS; 1.88% and RDS; 36.07%). RS was inversely related to RDS and starch digestion index (SDI). The SDI had a highly significant positive correlation with RDS (r = 0.879, P < 0.01). These results highlight the need for further work in the identification of milled, nonparboiled rice varieties with less rapid digestion for its associated health benefits to consumers.
Inhibition of quality loss in chilled megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) by employing citric and lactic acid icing
Authors: García‐Soto Bibiana , Böhme Karola , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study focuses on the quality retention of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) during chilled storage. Aqueous solutions of two different concentrations of citric (CA) and lactic (LA) acids were employed as icing media (0.125% CA–0.050% LA and 0.175% CA–0.050% LA, respectively; w/v). The effects of each solution on microbial activity, lipid damage and sensory acceptance were monitored for up to 13 days of storage. Lower (P < 0.05) bacterial growth was detected according to microbiological (aerobe and psychrotroph counts) and chemical (trimethylamine‐N and pH) assessments, which led to an enhancement of sensory appreciation. Whereas control fish were determined as unacceptable at day 13, the acid‐iced fish were still acceptable at that time. Concerning lipid damage, an inhibitory effect (P < 0.05) on fluorescent compound formation was observed in the acid‐iced fish. Present results allow to conclude that the use of a CA–LA icing system can provide a profitable strategy to obtain higher quality chilled fish.
Perceived food and labor equity and school attendance amongUgandan children living in kin care
Authors: Roby Jini Lyman , Shaw Stacey Anne , George Laurel High 
Published: July 2013

Emerging research suggests that biological relatedness contributes to differential treatment between children being raised by kin and the biological children in the caregiver's household. This potential concern may be elevated especially when household resources are stretched thin. In this study, 518Ugandan youth and their caregivers were interviewed individually, examining the association between relatedness and perceived food and work equity, and school attendance. Household income, but not relatedness, was negatively associated with food inequity. However, relatedness was positively associated with perceived disparity in the distribution of work among children living in the household, and with children's school attendance. These findings support and challenge previous findings, raising further research questions and suggesting practice implications.Key Practitioner Message:● Children in kinship care may be experiencing intrahousehold disparity in the amount of household work they are asked to perform; ● Disparity in school attendance between biological and kin children in the same household could have negative implications for the long‐term wellbeing of children in kin care; ● Programs should be tailored to monitor this type of intrahousehold disparity in treatment.
Characteristics and prognosis of Asian patients with type 2 diabetes from a multi‐racial Australian community: the Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Tan E. D. D. , Davis W. A. , Davis T. M. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundAsian migrants represent an expanding proportion of the Australian population and are from a region with an increasing diabetes burden. There are few data detailing the characteristics and outcome of type 2 diabetes in Asian Australians.AimsTo determine whether the phenotype and prognosis of Asians with type 2 diabetes differ from those in Anglo‐Celt (AC) patients from the same Australian community.MethodsWe studied 44 Asian and 796 AC patients from the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Each had a detailed assessment between 1993 and 1996, and was invited to annual reviews for ≥5 years. Data linkage provided additional endpoints to end‐2010. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Asians and the general population in Fremantle was similar (1.5% vs 1.6%; P = 0.60). The Asian patients were younger, less obese and less likely to be hypertensive than the AC subjects, but they had a higher retinopathy prevalence (27.3% vs 13.5%; P = 0.023). During up to 18 years of follow up, 12 Asians and 428 AC patients died, 2 (16.7%) vs 205 (47.9%) from CVD (P = 0.040). Asian ethnicity was independently protective against CVD death (hazard ratio 0.13 (95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.96); P = 0.046) but not all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.58 ( 95% confidence interval: 0.31–1.10); P = 0.10).ConclusionsThe phenotype of type 2 diabetes in a relatively small group of well‐characterised Asian Australians differed from that in AC patients from the same urban community. Their favourable cardiovascular prognosis may reflect a healthy migrant effect.
Hepatitis D virus in Victoria 2000–2009
Authors: Shadur B. , MacLachlan J. , Cowie B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection can adversely affect prognosis and complicate management of chronic hepatitis B. The epidemiology and clinical practices surrounding HDV in Australia are poorly understood, with no robust estimates of the burden of disease, and the extent of appropriate testing and clinical follow up is unknown.AimsTo determine the number of reported cases of HDV in Victoria, Australia between 2000–2009 and to explore screening practices in patients at risk of HDV infection over the same time period.MethodsData regarding HDV diagnoses in Victoria for 2000–2009 were obtained from notifiable disease surveillance and public health laboratory testing records. Notifications data were analysed to determine risk factors and demographics of HDV diagnoses where available, and laboratory records used to determine screening practices and follow up testing.ResultsEighty‐seven notifications for HDV were recorded between 2000 and 2009. The median age at diagnosis was 34 (interquartile range 27–44), and the majority of cases were men (77%) and born overseas (71.4% of those with country of birth reported). During the same period, 2314 Victorian residents were tested for HDV infection, with 110 (4.75%) found to be positive. Both the number of people testing positive and the number of tests conducted steadily increased between 2005 and 2009. Of those patients with positive HDV antibody results, less than half (44 patients, 40%) were subsequently evaluated for replicative infection by polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionThe number of people being tested for HDV has increased over the past decade; however, gaps in the appropriate follow‐up of infected patients are apparent. Birth overseas has become an increasingly important risk factor in Victorian notifications, highlighting the need for routine testing of people living with chronic hepatitis B for HDV infection.