bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae vaccine in a murine atopic dermatitis model
Authors: Liu L. , Guo D. , Liang Q. , Ding S. , Wu B. , Zhang L. , Li Q. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundSublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a potential treatment for house dust mite‐induced atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanisms of action are not clear.ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of AD in order to study the effect and mechanisms of SLIT.MethodsMice were sensitized and subsequently challenged by repeated cutaneous application of Der f allergen extract. Sensitized mice were SLIT‐treated with a Der f vaccine and analyzed for AD symptoms, histopathological and immunological parameters. This experiment was carried in the Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of TCM.ResultsRepeated application of Der f extract caused rapid increase in dermatitis scores. Clinical findings (scratching behaviour, dermatitis and oedema) and histological symptoms (inflammatory cell infiltration) in this model were very similar to those in human AD. Serum total and Der f‐specific IgE and IgG levels, and the expression level of T helper (Th)2 cytokine IL‐5, IL‐13; and Th1 cytokine IL‐12 and IFN‐γ were elevated compared with the control mice. SLIT treatment of sensitized mice markedly reduced the clinical and histopathological symptoms and decreased both Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe mouse model induced by Der f allergen extract reflected the typical hallmarks of human AD. In the Der f allergens‐sensitized mice, SLIT treatment with Der f vaccine was shown to significantly inhibit AD symptoms through correction of Th2 and Th1 cytokine predominance. Our study suggested that SLIT could be considered as an attractive treatment for patients with extrinsic AD.
Syntactic Complexity Effects in Sentence Production
Authors: Scontras Gregory , Badecker William , Shank Lisa , Lim Eunice , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSyntactic complexity effects have been investigated extensively with respect to comprehension (e.g., Demberg & Keller, 2008; Gibson, 1998, 2000; Gordon et al., 2001, 2004; Grodner & Gibson, 2005; King & Just, 1991; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005; Lewis et al., 2006; McElree et al., 2003; Wanner & Maratsos, 1978). According to one prominent class of accounts (experience‐based accounts; e.g., Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008; Gennari & MacDonald, 2008, 2009; Wells et al., 2009), certain structures cause comprehension difficulty due to their scarcity in the language. But why are some structures less frequent than others? In two elicited‐production experiments we investigated syntactic complexity effects in relative clauses (Experiment 1) and wh‐questions (Experiment 2) varying in whether or not they contained non‐local dependencies. In both experiments, we found reliable durational differences between subject‐extracted structures (which only contain local dependencies) and object‐extracted structures (which contain nonlocal dependencies): Participants took longer to begin and produce object‐extractions. Furthermore, participants were more likely to be disfluent in the object‐extracted constructions. These results suggest that there is a cost associated with planning and uttering the more syntactically complex, object‐extracted structures, and that this cost manifests in the form of longer durations and disfluencies. Although the precise nature of this cost remains to be determined, these effects provide one plausible explanation for the relative rarity of object‐extractions: They are more costly to produce.
Judging the Goring Ox: Retribution Directed Toward Animals
Authors: Goodwin Geoffrey P. , Benforado Adam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrior research on the psychology of retribution is complicated by the difficulty of separating retributive and general deterrence motives when studying human offenders (Study 1). We isolate retribution by investigating judgments about punishing animals, which allows us to remove general deterrence from consideration. Studies 2 and 3 document a “victim identity” effect, such that the greater the perceived loss from a violent animal attack, the greater the belief that the culprit deserves to be killed. Study 3 documents a “targeted punishment” effect, such that the responsive killing of the actual “guilty” culprit is seen as more deserved than the killing of an almost identical yet “innocent” animal from the same species. Studies 4 and 5 extend both effects to participants' acceptance of inflicting pain and suffering on the offending animal at the time of its death, and show that both effects are mediated by measures of retributive sentiment, and not by consequentialist concerns.
788. LACHENALIA BULBIFERA
Authors: Duncan Graham 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe South African geophyte Lachenalia bulbifera (Cirillo) Engl. is one of the most striking and variable members of the genus and has a long coastal distribution. Details of its history, relationships and pollination biology are given, a recently published name for this species is reduced to synonymy, and notes on cultivation are provided.
Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus: Survey of diplomates of theEuropeanColleges ofEquineInternalMedicine (ECEIM) andVeterinarySurgeons (ECVS)
Authors: Lefebvre D. , Pirie R. S. , Handel I. G. , Tremaine W. H. , Hudson N. P. H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyThere is a need for an improved understanding of equine post operative ileus (POI), in terms of both clinical definition and optimal management. Although the pharmacological strategies that are used to treatPOIcontinue to evolve, little is known about the supplementary strategies used to prevent and manage this condition.ObjectivesTo report the current strategies used to diagnose, prevent and managePOIfollowing emergency abdominal surgeries.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn electronic survey invitation was sent by email to 306European college diplomates (EuropeanColleges ofEquineInternalMedicine,ECEIMn = 120, andVeterinarySurgeons,ECVSn = 186).ResultsThe response rate was 33% (100 of 306). The median reported estimated incidence ofPOIwas 10–20%. The presence of reflux on nasogastric intubation was the main criterion used to definePOI. Lesions involving the small intestine were thought to be the leading risk factors for developingPOI. Anti‐inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial drugs and i.v. fluids were the primary preventative strategies when managing cases at high risk forPOI. Flunixin meglumine and lidocaine were the drugs most commonly used to treat horses withPOI. Supplementary preventative and treatment strategies forPOIincluded control of endotoxaemia, fluid therapy, early ambulation and judicious timing of post operative feeding.ConclusionsAppreciation of the potential risk factors associated with the development ofPOIappeared to have an impact on the choice of management strategies that are implemented. The majority ofECEIMandECVSDiplomates in the survey used flunixin meglumine and lidocaine, often in combination, to treat horses withPOI, which is likely to reflect the contributory role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Various supplementary strategies were used to prevent and managePOIrisk factors intraoperatively and post operatively.
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency in Patients with Helicobacter Pylori‐Infected Nodular Gastritis and the Serum Prohepcidin Level
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Yoneyama Osamu , Azumaya Masaki , Takeuchi Manabu , Sasaki Syun‐ya , Yokoyama Junji , Shioji Kazuhiko , Kawauchi Yusuke , Hashimoto Satoru , Nishigaki Yuuki , Kobayashi Masaaki , Sugimura Kazuhito , Honma Terasu , Narisawa Rintaro , Aoyagi Yutaka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and aimsHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a causative agent for unexplained iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA). We evaluated many background factors influencing an iron‐deficiency state in adult patients with various H. pylori‐infected upper gastrointestinal tract diseases.MethodStudy 1: H. pylori‐infected 121 patients (nodular gastritis (NG) (n = 19), duodenal ulcer (DU) (n = 30), or gastric ulcer (GU) (n = 47), or gastric hyperplastic polyp (GHP) (n = 25)) were enrolled. The RBC count and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin, and anti‐H. pylori antibody (Ab) levels in the serum were measured. Study 2: H. pylori‐infected 105 patients (NG, n = 19; DU, n = 43; GU, n = 32; GHP, n = 11) and non‐H. pylori‐infected individuals (n = 35) were examined for the levels of prohepcidin, ferritin, and iron in the serum. In addition, we measured the data before and after the H. pylori eradication.ResultsIn the patients with GHP and NG, hypoferritinemia was observed in comparison with the GU and DU patients. In the GHP patients, low levels of PG I, a decreased PG I/II ratio, and hypergastrinemia were observed. The levels of serum prohepcidin in the patients with H. pylori‐associated disease were higher than those in the uninfected adults. In the patients with NG, the serum prohepcidin levels were higher than those in the other H. pylori‐infected patient groups and decreased after the eradication.ConclusionH. pylori‐related iron‐deficiency state might be associated with several factors, such as hypochlorhydria and hepcidin, in patients with GHP or NG.
Biomarker expression and druggable gene alterations for development of an appropriate therapeutic protocol for pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Watanabe Yukio , Shiraishi Kouya , Takahashi Fumiaki , Yoshida Akihiko , Suzuki Kenji , Asamura Hisao , Takeuchi Masahiro , Furuta Koh , Tsuta Koji 
Published: September 2014

AimsPulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is more aggressive than adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The genetic features and biomarkers of ASC are not well known. Here, we attempted to identify potential therapeutic markers for ASC.Methods and resultsSurgically resected ASC samples from 65 patients were analysed. We examined the expression of β III‐tubulin, thymidylate synthase, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1); identified mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS, BRAF and HER2; and detected ALK, ROS1 and RET rearrangements. Gene amplification and expression of EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1 and MET were also examined. β III‐Tubulin showed the highest expression (P = 0.002), and its expression was more frequent in the AC than in the SCC component (P = 0.013). RRM1 expression was more frequent in the SCC component (P = 0.046). EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in both components (21.5 and 10.9%, respectively). ALK and ROS1 rearrangements and MET amplification were detected in both components in one (1.5%) case.ConclusionsIn ASC, drug response‐specific gene alterations could occur in both AC and SCC components, suggesting that patients with confirmed or suspected ASC should undergo further testing for driver gene analyses.
Optimization of cosmetic preservation: water activity reduction
Authors: Kerdudo A. , Fontaine‐Vive F. , Dingas A. , Faure C. , Fernandez X. 
Published: September 2014

SynopsisObjectivePreservation of cosmetics is a prerequisite for industrialization, and among the proposed solutions, self‐preserved cosmetics are of great interest. One key influencing parameter in self‐preservation is water activity; its reduction can help to fight against microbial growth in cosmetic products. This work presents a study on the influence of humectants on water activity and its consequence on the preservation of cosmetic formulations.MethodsFirst, water–humectants mixtures were considered. The influence of glycol and glycerin content, glycol chemical structure, glycerin purity and formulation process on the water activity of the binary mixture was studied. Molecular modelling was performed for a better understanding of the impact of glycol chemistry. Then, the results were applied to five different cosmetic formulations to get optimized products. Challenge test on five strains was carried out in that sense.ResultsWe showed that the higher the humectants concentration, the lower the water activity. Glycol chemical structure also influenced water activity: propan‐1,2‐diol was more efficient than propan‐1,3‐diol, certainly because of a better stabilization in water of propan‐1,2‐diol as shown by DFT calculation. A drop by drop introduction of glycol in water favoured aw reduction. The best water activity loss was 6.6% and was reached on the cream formulation whose preservation was improved as evidenced by challenge test.ConclusionFabrication process as well as humectants concentration were shown to influence water activity. The hydroxyl group positions as well as the presence of an alkyl group on the glycol carbon chain impacted water binding as suggested by DFT calculation. Reducing aw improved the preservation of a cosmetic cream, inhibiting or slowing down the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Cryptomphalus aspersa mollusc eggs extract promotes migration and prevents cutaneous ageing in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Espada J. , Matabuena M. , Salazar N. , Lucena S. , Kourani O. , Carrasco E. , Calvo M. , Rodríguez C. , Reyes E. , González S. , Juarranz A. 
Published: September 2014

SynopsisBackgroundThe search of substances that minimize cutaneous ageing has increased in the last few years. Previous studies have described the regenerative properties of the secretion of the mollusc Cryptomphalus aspersa (C. aspersa) when applied topically.ObjectiveWe evaluate the in vitro effects of a new product derived from the eggs of C. aspersa, IFC‐CAF, on cell proliferation, migration, distribution of cytoskeletal proteins, production of extracellular components as well as its ability to prevent cutaneous ageing because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors (exposure to UVB) by determination of ageing markers.MethodsWe have used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells), primary dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and senescent dermal fibroblasts (SHDF). The effects of the compound on cell proliferation and on the cell cycle were determined by the MTT colorimetric assay, estimation of total protein and/or trypan blue test and by flow cytometry, respectively. We also studied cell migration using the wound‐healing migration assay, whereas ELISA assays, Western Blot and immunofluorescence microscopy were carried out to test the expression of proteins related to cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and with ageing.ResultsWe have found that IFC‐CAF does not promote proliferation but induces migration of HaCaT, HDF and SHDF in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner; a better organization of cytoskeletal proteins (F‐actin and vimentin) and promotes the production of extracellular components (fibronectin, collagen 1 and MMPs) and the adhesion to cell‐substrate vinculin protein. IFC‐CAF also prevents cutaneous ageing. The treatment decreases the expression of the ageing‐related markers b‐Gal, p53 and p16INK4 in SDDF cells, and improves cell survival after UVB irradiation and nuclear repair in HaCaT cells.ConclusionIFC‐CAF has regenerative properties and protects against ageing factors being, therefore, a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing skin ageing.
Quantitative UPLC‐MS/MS analysis of chlorogenic acid derivatives in antioxidant fractionates from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root
Authors: Kenny Owen , Smyth Thomas J. , Hewage Chandralal M. , Brunton Nigel P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWhile qualitative studies have identified chlorogenic acids in antioxidant extracts, particularly ethyl acetate‐derived extracts, of Taraxacum officinale, quantitative analysis of these phenolic compounds remains largely unreported for this species. In this study, bioactivity‐guided fractionation of an antioxidant crude ethyl acetate extract (DPPH = 295.481 ± 0.955 mg TE g−1 extract) from T. officinale root resulted in a number of reverse‐phase fractions that demonstrated high antioxidant activity (DPPH = 1058.733–1312.136 mg TE g−1 extract), stronger than that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox®. UPLC‐MS/MS screening of these fractions for the presence of selected mono‐ and di‐caffeoylquinic acids revealed large quantities of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid present in several fractions (853.052–907.324 μg mg−1), respectively. Due to the antioxidant potency and high levels of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid observed in these fractions, it was concluded that specifically this chlorogenic acid derivative is a major contributor to the antioxidant efficacy of dandelion root.
Christ Existing in Ordinary: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Sanctification
Authors: Knight M.J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOne task of any doctrine of sanctification is to attend to a theological rationale for the significance of a habitual and developing Christian life within a broader salvific economy. This article introduces the problem of claiming ‘ordinary’ life as the arena and instrument of God and distils three elements of Bonhoeffer's early theology that might be employed to articulate a theology of sanctification as the counterpoint of justification: the realization of a new humanity in Christ that constitutes an ontology of justification; Christian devotion as the act of this new humanity in the Spirit; and the dynamic integrity accorded to historical existence.
Dialectical Theology as Theology of Mission: Investigating the Origins of Karl Barth's Break with Liberalism
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBased on a thorough investigation of Karl Barth's early writings, this article proposes a new interpretation of dialectical theology as fundamentally concerned with the issue of mission. Documents from 1914 and 1915 show that the turning point in Barth's thinking about mission – and about Christian theology in general – occurred, at least in part, in response to a largely forgotten manifesto published in September 1914. This manifesto appealed to Protestants around the world to support Germany's cause in the war on the grounds that they would be supporting the work of the Great Commission. Barth's reaction to this document sheds light on the missionary nature of dialectical theology, which pursues an understanding of God and God‐talk that does not conflate the mission of the church with the diffusion of culture.
Association of serum biochemical metabolic panel with stone composition
Authors: Moreira Daniel M , Friedlander Justin I , Carons Akinwunmi , Hartman Christopher , Leavitt David A , Smith Arthur D , Okeke Zeph 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionTo determine the association of the basic metabolic panel with stone type.MethodsThe present study was a retrospective review of 492 stone formers with both stone composition analysis and basic metabolic panel available. Analysis of a basic metabolic panel across stone types was carried out using Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict stone type based on a basic metabolic panel.ResultsA total of 272 (55%) patients had predominantly calcium oxalate stones, 100 (21%) had uric acid stones, 93 (19%) had calcium phosphate stones, 16 (3%) had mixed stones and 11 (2%) had other types of stones. Uric acid stone formers had the highest serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Calcium oxalate stone formers had the highest serum sodium. No significant differences in mean serum calcium levels across different stone types were identified. The predicted risk of uric acid stone over the other stone types increased with an increase in serum glucose and decreased with an increase in carbon dioxide levels. The predicted risk of calcium oxalate stones increased with an increase in serum sodium and chloride levels. The predicted risk of calcium phosphate and oxalate stones over the other stone types increased with an increase in serum calcium levels. The overall accuracy of the basic metabolic panel alone to predict stone type was 59%.ConclusionA basic metabolic panel alone or in combination with 24‐h urinalysis and demographics does not accurately predict stone type. However, it can be used in combination with other variables to predict stone composition.
Second Carpal Bone Slab Fracture and Subluxation of the Middle Carpal Joint in a Horse Subsequent to Arthrodesis of the Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: MacKay Angela V. , Panizzi Luca , Sparks Holly D. , Barber Spencer M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report complications of arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint using a drilling technique in an adult horse.Study DesignCase report.AnimalsHorse (n = 1).MethodA 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare with CMC osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) had arthrodesis under general anesthesia in right lateral recumbency. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a 4.5 mm drill bit was inserted at 3 drilling sites 5–6 cm into the CMC joint and was fanned 30–45° in the plane of the joint and 5–10° in the long axis of the limb to destroy articular cartilage and expose the subchondral bone.ResultsThe horse presented 2 weeks after surgery for severe lameness of the operated limb. A slab fracture of the 2nd carpal bone (C2) and subluxation of the middle carpal (MC) joint was diagnosed. The horse was humanely euthanatized due to poor prognosis.ConclusionThe fanning technique of arthrodesis of the CMC joint may lead to fracture of carpal bones, joint instability, and MC joint subluxation. A balance between articular surface destruction and maintenance of joint stability should be achieved when using this technique.
Using Participatory Process Evaluation to Understand the Dynamics of Change in a Nutrition Education Programme
Authors: Cornwall Andrea 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWith roots in approaches to popular education and participatory action research that place the learner and the ‘beneficiary’ of development at the centre of enquiry and action, the participatory visualisation methods associated with Participatory Rural Appraisal have been widely used as tools for learning and accountability. In this article, I reflect on lessons learnt from using these methods in a participatory process evaluation of an educational programme aimed at addressing chronic malnutrition in an East African country. Building on this experience, I explore the educative and empowering dimensions of participatory visualisation methods, and consider the contribution that these methods can make to effective evaluation.