bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From ‘Barbeque’ to ‘Braai’: contemplating the translation process as Bat Boy – the Musical crosses cultures
Authors: Davel Anitra , Munro Marth , Coetzee Marié-Heleen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Savran posits that the genre of the ‘Broadway-style’ musical should be approached from a transnational perspective that ‘emphasizes interconnectedness and the crossborder fluidity of cultures’. South Africa has a long history of importing theatre forms as well as of localizing or ‘transplanting’ American and European playtexts in productions produced on local stages in both pre- and post-apartheid contexts, and the Broadway-style musical proved no exception. The ‘township musical’ used the format of the Broadway-style musical to tell South African stories and became a specific and influential form of hybrid theatre. This article reflects on the directorial process that was followed in order to translate the American source playtext of Bat Boy – the Musical to the South African context, and the playtext was explored within the cross-cultural – and, more specifically, the intercultural – theatrical framework. In order to substantiate the translation, the distinctions between theatrical translation, adaptation and variation were contemplated and the adoption of a twotiered, translation approach was advocated. In the first tier of translation, relevant dynamics in theatrical semiotic processes were used to analyse the playtext of Bat Boy – the Musical, taking cognizance not only of the ideological and aesthetic codes found within the source text but also of the corresponding social and textual codes within the sociocultural domain to which the playtext was translated. The second tier of translation occurred at the level of the mise-en-scène as the multicultural and multilingual cast sourced their diverse, cultural backgrounds and unique social codes as well as South African theatrical codes in order to place the musical in the South African context. Whilst this article endeavours to report on the translation of a musical theatre playtext from one cultural context to another, the motivation behind the project was to contribute to knowledge creation in the field of South African musical theatre by exploring the ways in which the Broadway-style musical articulates within the multicultural and multilingual, post-apartheid South African context.
Book Reviews
Authors: Wells Elizabeth , Adamson Charles D. , Walls Alison 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Oliver! A Dickensian Musical, Marc Napolitano (2014) New York: Oxford University Press, 304 pp., ISBN: 9780199364824, h/bk, $38.50
Alan Jay Lerner: A Lyricist’s Letters, Dominic McHugh (ed.) (2014) New York: Oxford University Press, 336 pp. ISBN: 9780199949274, h/bk, $35.96
Who Should Sing ‘Ol’ Man River’?: THE LIVE S OF AN AMERICAN Song, Todd Decker (2015) New York: Oxford University Press, 256 pp. ISBN: 9780199389186, h/bk, £19.99/$29.95
Reflections on the Socratic method
Authors: Althof Rachel Smith 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The term Socratic method is often used in academic circles in a variety of syntactical contexts. This article is a detailed analysis of the historical text Alcibiades, seeking contemporary relevance with an opening anecdotal account of ongoing art critiques with a group of adolescent students. An analysis of the text shows that Socrates’ genius lies in his openness to adapt to the changing landscape of dialogue. In doing so, he and his student, Alcibiades, participate in the process of askesis, or self-cultivation.
Performance Measures for Teachers and Teacher Education: Corporate Education Reform Opens the Door to New Legal Issues
Authors: Pullin Diana 
Published: August 2015

Recent efforts to change the teaching profession and teacher preparation include a number of innovations to use portfolio assessment, value added measures (VAM), accountability metrics and other corporate education reform ideas. These approaches may provoke considerable potential legal consequences. Traditional constitutional and civil rights issues will continue to be important considerations. In addition, because education is increasingly seen as a consumer product, new types of legal issues are arising from the way evidence about performance is gathered and used and about the privacy of data. Legal claims more familiar to a business context are being asserted and can be expected to increase. Whistle-blower claims concerning fraud in government-funded programs have been filed, as well as claims of breach of contract and defective products. Finally, criminal prosecutions are being utilized to address systemic cheating in evaluation systems.
ABCB1 (MDR-1) pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus in renal transplanted patients: a Next Generation Sequencing approach
Authors: Tavira Beatriz , Gómez Juan , Diaz-Corte Carmen , Suarez Beatriz , Coronel Diego , Arias Manuel , López-Larrea Carlos , Iglesias Sara , Alonso Belén , Rodrigo Emilio , Coto Eliecer 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAWe studied 100 renal transplanted patients treated with Tac, 60 of whom had Tac blood levels below (n=39) and above (n=21) the target range (10–15 ng/mL) at 1 week post-transplant. The DNA was subjected to multiplex amplification followed by massive parallel semiconductor sequencing in the Ion Torrent personal genome machine.We found four missense changes, all reported and present in cases above and below the blood Tac target. In addition, we did not find differences in the allele and genotype frequencies for the common rs1045642 polymorphism (p.I1145I) between the groups.Our results suggested that the
From “finite” to “narrative” – The enclitic marker =a in Kherwarian (North Munda) and Sadri (Indo-Aryan)
Authors: Peterson John 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study deals with what we refer to here as the “narrative marker” =a in Sadri, the traditional Indo-Aryan lingua franca of western and central Jharkhand in eastern-central India. We argue that this marker in Sadri is the result of the reanalysis of an inherited focus marker which originally attached to the present tense in Sadri and that this reanalysis was influenced by speakers of Kherwarian languages using Sadri as a lingua franca, as the distribution of this marker in Sadri closely resembles that of the homophonous finite marker in Kherwarian. Finally, we show how this feature contributes to further define a micro-linguistic area centered on western-central Jharkhand.
Venice: Rising Water or Sinking Land?
Authors: Parker A. , Ollier C.D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe recent paper by Bellfiore, Ghezzo, Tagliapietra and Umgiesser [1] gives us the opportunity to discuss the relative sea level rise in Venice (Venezia). They accept that the Venetian sea level rise will be part of a global rise caused by ocean thermal expansion and melting of icecaps caused in turn by global warming induced by anthropogenic carbon dioxide production. In reality the sea levels have been only oscillating during the last few decades. Theworldwide average sea level rise is free of any acceleration. This is also true for theVenice and Trieste tide gauges. The sea level records of Venice and Trieste are very different, and it is impossible for two places so close together to have such differences from a common rise in sea level. Venice is sinking relative to Trieste.
Introduction to Linguistic Steganography
Authors: Khan Majid , Shahab Ali , Asghar Zeeshan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe specialty of data covering up has gotten much consideration in the late years as security of data has turn into a major concern in this web time. As sharing of delicate data by means of a typical correspondence station has get to be unavoidable, Steganography – the workmanship and art of concealing data has increased much consideration. We are likewise encompassed by a universe of mystery correspondence, where individuals of numerous types are transmitting data as guiltless as an encoded Visa number to an online store than and as deceptive as a terrorist plot to robbers. Steganography is derived from two Greek words, steganos, meaning covered or secret, and graphia, meaning writing. In simple terms, steganography is the art and science of hiding information in plain sight. Steganography is an innovation where advanced information pressure, data hypothesis, spread range, and cryptography innovations are united to fulfill the requirement for security on the Internet. This paper is an endeavor to examine the different methods utilized as a part of steganography and to recognize zones in which this method can be connected, so that humanity can be profited massively.
Chloride Cotransporters as a Molecular Mechanism underlying Spreading Depolarization-Induced Dendritic Beading
Authors: Steffensen Annette B. , Sword Jeremy , Croom Deborah , Kirov Sergei A. , MacAulay Nanna 
Published: September 2015

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are waves of sustained neuronal and glial depolarization that propagate massive disruptions of ion gradients through the brain. SD is associated with migraine aura and recently recognized as a novel mechanism of injury in stroke and brain trauma patients. SD leads to neuronal swelling as assessed in real time with two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM). Pyramidal neurons do not express aquaporins and thus display low inherent water permeability, yet SD rapidly induces focal swelling (beading) along the dendritic shaft by unidentified molecular mechanisms. To address this issue, we induced SD in murine hippocampal slices by focal KCl microinjection and visualized the ensuing beading of dendrites expressing EGFP by 2PLSM. We confirmed that dendritic beading failed to arise during large (100 mOsm) hyposmotic challenges, underscoring that neuronal swelling does not occur as a simple osmotic event. SD-induced dendritic beading was not prevented by pharmacological interference with the cytoskeleton, supporting the notion that dendritic beading may result entirely from excessive water influx. Dendritic beading was strictly dependent on the presence of Cl−, and, accordingly, combined blockade of Cl−-coupled transporters led to a significant reduction in dendritic beading without interfering with SD. Furthermore, ourin vivodata showed a strong inhibition of dendritic beading during pharmacological blockage of these cotransporters. We propose that SD-induced dendritic beading takes place as a consequence of the altered driving forces and thus activity for these cotransporters, which by transport of water during their translocation mechanism may generate dendritic beading independently of osmotic forces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpreading depolarization occurs during pathological conditions such as stroke, brain injury, and migraine and is characterized as a wave of massive ion translocation between intracellular and extracellular space in association with recurrent transient focal swelling (beading) of dendrites. Numerous ion channels have been demonstrated to be involved in generation and propagation of spreading depolarization, but the molecular machinery responsible for the dendritic beading has remained elusive. Using real-timein vitroandin vivotwo-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have identified the transport mechanisms involved in the detrimental focal swelling of dendrites. These findings have clear clinical significance because they may point to a new class of pharmacological targets for prevention of neuronal swelling that consequently will serve as neuroprotective agents.
Inflammatory Pain Promotes Increased Opioid Self-Administration: Role of Dysregulated Ventral Tegmental Area μ Opioid Receptors
Authors: Hipólito Lucia , Wilson-Poe Adrianne , Campos-Jurado Yolanda , Zhong Elaine , Gonzalez-Romero Jose , Virag Laszlo , Whittington Robert , Comer Sandra D. , Carlton Susan M. , Walker Brendan M. , Bruchas Michael R. , Morón Jose A. 
Published: September 2015

Pain management in opioid abusers engenders ethical and practical difficulties for clinicians, often resulting in pain mismanagement. Although chronic opioid administration may alter pain states, the presence of pain itself may alter the propensity to self-administer opioids, and previous history of drug abuse comorbid with chronic pain promotes higher rates of opioid misuse. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inflammatory pain leads to increased heroin self-administration resulting from altered mu opioid receptor (MOR) regulation of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission. To this end, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammation was used to assess the neurochemical and functional changes induced by inflammatory pain on MOR-mediated mesolimbic DA transmission and on rat intravenous heroin self-administration under fixed ratio (FR) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. In the presence of inflammatory pain, heroin intake under an FR schedule was increased for high, but attenuated for low, heroin doses with concomitant alterations in mesolimbic MOR function suggested by DA microdialysis. Consistent with the reduction in low dose FR heroin self-administration, inflammatory pain reduced motivation for a low dose of heroin, as measured by responding under a PR schedule of reinforcement, an effect dissociable from high heroin dose PR responding. Together, these results identify a connection between inflammatory pain and loss of MOR function in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway that increases intake of high doses of heroin. These findings suggest that pain-induced loss of MOR function in the mesolimbic pathway may promote opioid dose escalation and contribute to opioid abuse-associated phenotypes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides critical new insights that show that inflammatory pain alters heroin intake through a desensitization of MORs located within the VTA. These findings expand our knowledge of the interactions between inflammatory pain and opioid abuse liability, and should help to facilitate the development of novel and safer opioid-based strategies for treating chronic pain.
Oxytocin Regulates Stress-InducedCrfGene Transcription through CREB-Regulated Transcription Coactivator 3
Authors: Jurek Benjamin , Slattery David A. , Hiraoka Yuichi , Liu Ying , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Aguilera Greti , Neumann Inga D. , van den Burg Erwin H. 
Published: September 2015

The major regulator of the neuroendocrine stress response in the brain is corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), whose transcription is controlled by CREB and its cofactors CRTC2/3 (TORC2/3). Phosphorylated CRTCs are sequestered in the cytoplasm, but rapidly dephosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus following a stressful stimulus. As the stress response is attenuated by oxytocin (OT), we tested whether OT interferes with CRTC translocation and, thereby,Crfexpression. OT (1 nmol, i.c.v.) delayed the stress-induced increase of nuclear CRTC3 andCrfhnRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of male rats and mice, but did not affect either parameter in the absence of the stressor. The increase inCrfhnRNA levels at later time points was parallel to elevated nuclear CRTC2/3 levels. A direct effect of Thr4Gly7-OT (TGOT) on CRTC3 translocation andCrfexpression was found in rat primary hypothalamic neurons, amygdaloid (Ar-5), hypothalamic (H32), and human neuroblastoma (Be(2)M17) cell lines. CRTC3, but not CRCT2, knockdown using siRNA in Be(2)M17 cells prevented the effect of TGOT onCrfhnRNA levels. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that TGOT reduced CRTC3, but not CRTC2, binding to theCrfpromoter after 10 min of forskolin stimulation. Together, the results indicate that OT modulates CRTC3 translocation, the binding of CRTC3 to theCrfpromoter and, ultimately, transcription of theCrfgene.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuropeptide oxytocin has been proposed to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation during stress. The underlying mechanisms are, however, elusive. In this study we show that activation of the oxytocin receptor in the paraventricular nucleus delays transcription of the gene encoding corticotropin releasing factor (Crf), the main regulator of the stress response. It does so by sequestering the coactivator of the transcription factor CREB, CRTC3, in the cytosol, resulting in reduced binding of CRTC3 to theCrfgene promoter and subsequentCrfgene expression. This novel oxytocin receptor-mediated intracellular mechanism might provide a basis for the treatment of exaggerated stress responses in the future.
Incubation of Fear Is Regulated by TIP39 Peptide Signaling in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala
Authors: Tsuda Mumeko C. , Yeung Ho-Man , Kuo Jonathan , Usdin Ted B. 
Published: September 2015

Fear-related psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder are characterized by impaired extinction of fearful memories. Recent behavioral evidence suggests that the neuropeptide tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), via its receptor, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R), modulates fear memory. Here we examined the anatomical and cellular localization of TIP39 signaling that contributes to the increase in fear memory over time following a traumatic event, called fear memory incubation. Contextual freezing, a behavioral sign of fear memory, was significantly greater in PTH2R knock-out than wild-type male mice 2 and 4 weeks after a 2 s 1.5 mA footshock. PTH2R knock-out mice had significantly reduced c-Fos activation in the medial amygdala (MeA) following both footshock and fear recall, but had normal activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the amygdalar central nucleus compared with wild-type. We therefore investigated the contribution of MeA TIP39 signaling to fear incubation. Similar to the effect of global TIP39 signaling loss, blockade of TIP39 signaling in the MeA by lentivirus-mediated expression of a secreted PTH2R antagonist augmented fear incubation. Ablation of MeA PTH2R-expressing neurons also strengthened the fear incubation effect. Using the designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug pharmacogenetic approach, transient inhibition of MeA PTH2R-expressing neurons before or immediately after the footshock, but not at the time of fear recall, enhanced fear incubation. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that TIP39 signaling within the MeA at the time of an aversive event regulates the increase over time in fear associated with the event context.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFear-related psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by excessive responses to trauma-associated cues. Fear responses can increase over time without additional cue exposure or stress. This work shows that modulatory processes within the medial nucleus of the amygdala near the time of a traumatic event influence the strength of fear responses that occur much later. The modulatory processes include signaling by the neuropeptide TIP39 and neurons that express its receptor. These findings will help in the understanding of why traumatic events sometimes have severe psychological consequences. One implication is that targeting neuromodulation in the medial amygdala could potentially help prevent development of PTSD.
Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z by Pleiotrophin Promotes Remyelination through Activation of Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
Authors: Kuboyama Kazuya , Fujikawa Akihiro , Suzuki Ryoko , Noda Masaharu 
Published: September 2015

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder associated with myelin destruction and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) present in demyelinated lesions gradually fail to differentiate properly, so remyelination becomes incomplete. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ), one of the most abundant protein tyrosine phosphatases expressed in OPCs, is known to suppress oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintain their precursor cell stage. In the present study, we examined thein vivomechanisms for remyelination using a cuprizone-induced demyelination model.Ptprz-deficient and wild-type mice both exhibited severe demyelination and axonal damage in the corpus callosum after cuprizone feeding. The similar accumulation of OPCs was observed in the lesioned area in both mice; however, remyelination was significantly accelerated inPtprz-deficient mice after the removal of cuprizone. After demyelination, the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN), an inhibitory ligand for PTPRZ, was transiently increased in mouse brains, particularly in the neurons involved, suggesting its role in promoting remyelination by inactivating PTPRZ activity. In support of this view, oligodendrocyte differentiation was augmented in a primary culture of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells from wild-type mice in response to PTN. In contrast, these cells fromPtprz-deficient mice showed higher oligodendrocyte differentiation without PTN and differentiation was not enhanced by its addition. We further demonstrated that PTN treatment increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of p190 RhoGAP, a PTPRZ substrate, using an established line of OPCs. Therefore, PTPRZ inactivation in OPCs by PTN, which is secreted from demyelinated axons, may be the mechanism responsible for oligodendrocyte differentiation during reparative remyelination in the CNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that destroys myelin, the insulation that surrounds axons. Associated damages to oligodendrocytes (the cells that produce myelin) and nerve fibers produce neurological disability. Most patients with MS have an initial relapsing-remitting course for 5–15 years. Remyelination during the early stages of the disease process has been documented; however, the molecular mechanism underlying remyelination has not been understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase preferentially expressed in the CNS. This study shows that pleiotrophin, an inhibitory ligand for PTPRZ, is transiently expressed and released from demyelinated neurons to inactivate PTPRZ in oligodendrocyte precursor cells present in the lesioned part, thereby allowing their differentiation for remyelination.