bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon isotope discrimination during branch photosynthesis of Fagus sylvatica: a Bayesian modelling approach
Authors: GENTSCH LYDIA , HAMMERLE ALBIN , STURM PATRICK , OGÉE JÉRÔME , WINGATE LISA , SIEGWOLF ROLF , PLÜSS PETER , BAUR THOMAS , BUCHMANN NINA , KNOHL ALEXANDER 
Published: December 2013

AbstractField measurements of photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (13Δ) of Fagus sylvatica, conducted with branch bags and laser spectrometry, revealed a high variability of 13Δ, both on diurnal and day‐to‐day timescales. We tested the prediction capability of three versions of a commonly used model for 13Δ [called here comprehensive (13Δcomp), simplified (13Δsimple) and revised (13Δrevised) versions]. A Bayesian approach was used to calibrate major model parameters. Constrained estimates were found for the fractionation during CO2 fixation in 13Δcomp, but not in 13Δsimple, and partially for the mesophyll conductance for CO2 (gi). No constrained estimates were found for fractionations during mitochondrial and photorespiration, and for a diurnally variable apparent fractionation between current assimilates and mitochondrial respiration, specific to 13Δrevised. A quantification of parameter estimation uncertainties and interdependencies further helped explore model structure and behaviour. We found that 13Δcomp usually outperformed 13Δsimple because of the explicit consideration of gi and the photorespiratory fractionation in 13Δcomp that enabled a better description of the large observed diurnal variation (≈9‰) of 13Δ. Flux‐weighted daily means of 13Δ were also better predicted with 13Δcomp than with 13Δsimple.
Current growth status and metabolic parameters of Korean adolescents born small for gestational age: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2010–2011
Authors: Cho Won Kyoung , Jung In Ah , Suh Byung‐Kyu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, little information is available on current growth status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components according to birthweight at gestational age (BWGA) on Korean adolescents. Herein, the current height and weight and MetS components of Korean adolescents who were born as small for gestational age (SGA) were compared to those of the appropriate for GA (AGA) or large for GA (LGA) groups.MethodsData for 2018 adolescents (aged 10–18 years) recorded in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011 conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare were assessed in this cross‐sectional study. A total of 1750 subjects were assessed for current growth according to BWGA, and 792 were assessed for MetS components according to BWGA.ResultsFrom the birth history of 1750 adolescents, the prevalence of SGA, AGA, and LGA was 11.4% (n = 193), 77.7% (n = 1366), and 10.9% (n = 191), respectively. Current height‐standard deviation score (SDS) and weight‐SDS were significantly positively related to BWGA in all Korean adolescents (P < 0.0001). Of the 792 adolescents, the prevalence of MetS was 1.2% (n = 9). There were no differences in MetS components in Korean adolescents between SGA and AGA or LGA group.ConclusionBWGA is related to current height and weight in Korean adolescents but is not related to individual components of MetS.
Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Lavandula angustifolia Miller Essential Oil are Shielded by Propolis Against UV Radiations
Authors: Angelo Gismondi , Lorena Canuti , Marta Grispo , Antonella Canini 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUV radiations are principal causes of skin cancer and aging. Suntan creams were developed to protect epidermis and derma layers against photodegradation and photooxidation. The addition of antioxidant plant extracts (i.e. essential oil) to sunscreens is habitually performed, to increase their UV protective effects and to contrast pro‐radical and cytotoxic compounds present in these solutions. According to these observations, in the present work, the alteration of chemical composition and bioactive properties of Lavandula angustifolia Miller essential oil, exposed to UV light, was investigated. UV induced a significant deterioration of lavender oil biochemical profile. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of this solution, in in vitro tests and directly on B16‐F10 melanoma cells, greatly decreased after UV treatment. Our results also showed that essential oil was shielded from UV stress by propolis addition. Even after UV treatment, bee glue highly protected lavender oil secondary metabolites from degradation and also preserved their antiradical properties, both in in vitro antioxidant assays and in cell oxidative damage evaluations. This research proposed propolis as highly efficient UV protective and antiradical additive for sunscreens, cosmetics and alimentary or pharmaceutical products containing plant extracts.
Humoural immune response and pathological analysis in patients with false immune diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Chen X. , Zhang J. , Feng X. , Chen X. , Yin S. , Wen H. , Zheng S. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe patients with false immune diagnosis of hydatid disease were investigated for the humoural immune response to analyse the possible reasons and mechanism leading to false immune diagnosis. Two hundred and thirty‐nine patients with nature‐unknown cysts and 30 healthy controls were detected by immunological assays (four hydatid antigen‐based immunogold filtration assay and enzyme‐linked immune absorbent assay) and ultrasound. Sensitivity of and specificity of immunological assay and ultrasound were calculated, respectively. The serological diagnosis was compared with surgical pathology to screen the patients with false immune diagnosis for the immunoglobulin measurement and pathological analysis. The history and cyst characteristics were also reviewed. The results indicate the immunoglobulin has little influence on false immunodiagnosis. The false‐negative immunodiagnosis was caused by the cysts' inactive status while the false positive caused by previous rupture, antigen cross‐reaction. The clinical diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis requires a combination of immunodiagnosis and ultrasonography, which is the necessary complementary confirmation.
Altered sputum granzyme B and granzyme B/proteinase inhibitor‐9 in patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Simpson Jodie L , Gibson Peter G , Yang Ian A , Upham John , James Alan , Reynolds Paul N , Hodge Sandra ,   AMAZES Study Research Group
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe non‐eosinophilic phenotype of asthma (NEA) is associated with chronic airway inflammation and airway neutrophilia. An accumulation of apoptotic airway epithelial cells, if not efficiently cleared by efferocytosis, can undergo secondary necrosis, with the potential for inflammation of surrounding tissues. Apoptosis may occur via the T cell granzyme B pathway. The role of granzyme B in NEA is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate production of granzyme B and its inhibitor proteinase inhibitor (PI)‐9 by T cells from induced sputum and compare expression between eosinophilic, NEA and healthy controls.MethodsWe investigated T cell intracellular granzyme B and its inhibitor, PI‐9, in sputum from healthy control subjects (n = 10), and patients with NEA (n = 22) or eosinophilic asthma (EA) (n = 15) using flow cytometry.ResultsGranzyme B expression and the ratio of granzyme B to PI‐9 positive cells were highest in those with NEA for both CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. The expression of granzyme B was not statistically different between patients with NEA and EA; however, the ratio of granzyme B to PI‐9 positive cells for CD3+ T cells was significantly higher in those with NEA compared with EA.ConclusionsInduced sputum provides a non‐invasive tool for investigating T cell cytotoxic mediators in the various asthma subtypes. Granzyme B expression is increased in NEA and the contribution of granzyme B to chronic inflammation requires further study.
Introduction to multiple imputation for dealing with missing data
Authors: Lee Katherine J. , Simpson Julie A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMissing data are common in both observational and experimental studies. Multiple imputation (MI) is a two‐stage approach where missing values are imputed a number of times using a statistical model based on the available data and then inference is combined across the completed datasets. This approach is becoming increasingly popular for handling missing data. In this paper, we introduce the method of MI, as well as a discussion surrounding when MI can be a useful method for handling missing data and the drawbacks of this approach. We illustrate MI when exploring the association between current asthma status and forced expiratory volume in 1 s after adjustment for potential confounders using data from a population‐based longitudinal cohort study.
Australian standards of care for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Middleton Peter G. , Wagenaar Monica , Matson Angela G. , Craig Maria E. , Holmes‐Walker Deborah Jane , Katz Tamarah , Hameed Shihab 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMultiple guidelines have been published over the last few years for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis (CF) and cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD), although some of the recommendations are based on extrapolation from other forms of diabetes and/or expert opinions. This document seeks to combine the guidelines to provide an Australian approach to the management of CFRD and establish the guidelines within the Australian CF Standards of Care.It is intended that this document will provide assistance to doctors, nurses, dietitians, physiotherapists, diabetes educators and CF patients concerning the issues surrounding CFRD, and will be reviewed and updated in 2016.
A preliminary molecular phylogenetic assessment of the lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with comments on palatability and chemical sequestration
Authors: SCOTT CLARE H. , ZASPEL JENNIFER M. , CHIALVO PABLO , WELLER SUSAN J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe lichen moth tribe Lithosiini is best known for its hypothesized larval feeding behaviour, lichenivory. The larvae of some species have been found to be capable of sequestering polyphenolics, and the adults of some species are unpalatable to vertebrate predators. However, the chemical basis for the defence is unknown. Here we reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis using likelihood methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) for 65 species of Lithosiini representing 37 genera and seven outgroup species using 2806 bp of sequence data obtained from two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI barcoding region, CytB), and two nuclear gene fragments (RpS5 and ribosomal gene region 28S). Lithosiine species representing four of the seven subtribes and unplaced taxa are included in the analysis. The deeper relationships within the tribe are not strongly supported, and the monophyly of three of the four subtribes is not supported. The placement of the fourth subtribe, Acsalina, is weakly supported. We also conduct a survey of the secondary metabolites present within adults of five species. The species are examined for the presence of lichen polyphenolics and plant secondary metabolites sequestered by arctiines. Seven lichen polyphenolics are identified in the taxa examined, but no plant secondary metabolites are found using either analytical method. The results of this study and prior reports in the literature of chemical sequestration and unpalatability are plotted onto the resulting Bayesian inference phylogeny to examine the evolution of chemical defence within Lithosiini. Species that sequester lichen polyphenolics and unpalatable species occur in each of the major clades recovered in the analysis.
The effect of cuff presence and cuff inflation on airway pressure in a canine tracheostomy tube model
Authors: Wignall Jamie R. , Baines Stephen J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of cuff presence and cuff inflation on airway pressure in an inspiratory model of canine tracheostomy.DesignEx vivo experimental study. Cadaver tracheas from Beagle dogs were attached aborally to a vacuum. Airway pressure and flow rate was measured before and after placement of tracheostomy tubes.AnimalsNone.InterventionsAdult uncuffed tubes and cuffed tracheostomy tubes (sizes 4, 6, 8, and 10) were placed within tracheas. Cuffs were investigated without inflation and at maximum cuff inflation. Airway pressure was measured at constant airflow rates at 30 and 60 L/min.Measurements and Main ResultsAt set flow rates, airway pressures of tracheostomy tubes were compared to the intact trachea. A size 4 uncuffed tracheostomy tube showed the lowest airway pressure and a size 4 cuffed trachestomy tube with inflation showed the highest airway pressures. For sizes 6, 8, and 10 tubes, the presence of a cuff with and without inflation significantly increased airway pressure. Inflation of a cuff always significantly increased airway pressure. Similar pressure is seen between sizes 4 and 6 uncuffed tubes.ConclusionsCuffed tracheostomy tubes should not be used unless specifically indicated due to increased airway pressure.
Emerging categories of urban shared sanitation
Authors: Mazeau Adrien , Reed Brian , Sansom Kevin , Scott Rebecca 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWith 2.6 billion people without access to improved sanitation facilities and with a growing urban population globally, shared sanitation in the form of public or community latrines is a pragmatic way of increasing coverage, but it is currently not deemed ‘improved’. This paper explores the variety of facilities that currently exist in order to identify what would enable some of these latrines to be classed as acceptable and to ensure that future shared sanitation facilities meet minimum standards. The categories mostly relate to issues of ownership, management, location and finance rather than technological considerations. An extensive literature review reveals that the users' perspective of acceptability is largely absent from current discussions.
Large‐scale identification of microsatellites for a major invasive weed, Ageratina adenophora, using the Illumina sequencing technology
Authors: Nie X J , Liu P X , Deng P C , Lu Y Z , Biradar S S , Du X H , Wu A P , Wan F H , Weining S 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMicrosatellites were identified and characterised for a worldwide invasive weed, Ageratina adenophora, based on the Illumina sequencing technology. Using the assembled genomic sequences obtained from the Illumina GAII sequencing platform, a total of 3012 microsatellites were identified, of which mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexa‐nucleotide repeats were 181 (6.0%), 1379 (45.8%), 1064 (35.3%), 220 (7.3%), 73 (2.4%) and 95 (3.2%) respectively. The AC/GT and GAT/ATC motifs were the most frequent motif types of di‐nucleotide and tri‐nucleotide repeats respectively. To validate the newly identified simple sequence repeat markers, 15 primer pairs were randomly selected to test in 24 individuals of A. adenophora, and all of these primer sets could amplify PCR products of expected size. Of them, eight loci displayed polymorphism with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to four and values for observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.042 to 1 and from 0.082 to 0.551, with the averages of 0.578 and 0.371 respectively. These novel microsatellites should be useful for investigation of the genetic structure and genetic diversity between the invasive and native populations of this species.
Opportunities for Promoting Youth Physical Activity: An Examination of Youth Summer Camps
Authors: Hickerson Benjamin D. , Henderson Karla A. 
Published: December 2013

Background:Youth summer camp programs have the potential to provide opportunities for physical activity, but little to no research has been conducted to determine activity levels of campers. This study aimed to examine physical activity occurring in day and resident summer camps and how activity levels differed in these camps based upon demographic characteristics.Methods:Pedometer data were collected during hours of camp operation from 150 day campers and 114 resident campers between the ages of 8 and 12 years old. Independent t tests were used to compare physical activity by sex, race, and Body Mass Index.Results:Campers at day camps averaged 11,916 steps per camp day, while resident campers averaged 19,699 steps per camp day. Day campers averaged 1586 steps per hour over 7.5 hour days and resident campers averaged 1515 steps per hour over 13 hour days. Male sex, Caucasian race, and normal Body Mass Index were significant correlates of more physical activity.Conclusions:Youth summer camps demonstrate the potential to provide ample opportunities for physical activity during the summer months. Traditional demographic disparities persisted in camps, but the structure of camp programs should allow for changes to increase physical activity for all participants.
The Influence of Travel Attitudes, Commute Mode Choice, and Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics on Physical Activity
Authors: Morckel Victoria , Terzano Kathryn 
Published: December 2013

Background:This study examines the relationships between physical activity, travel attitudes, commute mode choice, and perceived neighborhood characteristics. A recent study found that people who walk or bike during their commute exercise more outside of the commute than do people who commute by mass transit or car. The current study seeks to explain what might account for this relationship, using ANOVA models (Method) conducted on survey data from 3 cities.Results:Perceived neighborhood characteristics and travel attitudes influence participants’ reported physical activity levels both during the commute and outside of the commute.Conclusion:While the study does not establish causality, the results provide some support for the notion that policy makers interested in increasing physical activity levels should consider changing not only the physical environment, but also perceived neighborhood characteristics and travel attitudes.
Feasibility of the Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) Study: A Pilot Intervention in High-Risk Rural Adults
Authors: Read Emily 
Published: December 2013

Background:Rural Canadians are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Physical inactivity is a primary target for preventing and reversing metabolic syndrome. Adherence to lifestyle interventions may be enhanced using cell phones and self-monitoring technologies. This study investigated the feasibility of a physical activity and self-monitoring intervention targeting high-risk adults in rural Ontario.Methods:Rural adults (n = 25, mean = 57.0 ± 8.7 years) with ≥ 2 criteria for metabolic syndrome participated in an 8-week stage-matched physical activity and self-monitoring intervention. Participants monitored blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, and physical activity using self-monitoring devices and Blackberry Smart phones. VO2max, stage of change, waist circumference, weight, blood lipids, and HbA1c were measured at weeks 1, 4, and 8.Results:Adherence to self-monitoring was > 94%. Participants’ experiences and perceptions of the technology were positive. Mean stage of change increased 1 stage, physical activity increased 26%, and predicted VO2max increased 17% (P < .05). Significant changes in weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol were found.Conclusions:This stage-matched technology intervention for increased physical activity was feasible and effective.
Sedentary and Active: Self-Reported Sitting Time Among Marathon and Half-Marathon Participants
Authors: Whitfield Geoffrey , Gabriel Kelley K. Pettee , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: December 2013

Background:Emerging evidence suggests that combined physical activity (PA) and inactivity may be more important for chronic disease risk than PA alone. A highly active yet highly sedentary population is needed to study this interaction. The present purpose is to describe the sitting habits of a group of recreational runners and determine if sitting varies with reported training duration or anticipated running velocity.Methods:Marathon and half-marathon participants completed the Multicontext Sitting Time Questionnaire and reported peak training duration, anticipated finishing time, and demographic information. Sitting time was described across 5 contexts for workdays and nonworkdays. Total sitting time was analyzed by tertiles of training duration and anticipated event running velocity.Results:218 participants took part in this study. Median reported training time was 6.5 hours per week. Median total sitting time was higher on workdays than nonworkdays (645 and 480 minutes, respectively, P < .0001). Total sitting time was not associated with training duration or anticipated event running velocity.Conclusions:These results suggest that recreational distance runners are simultaneously highly sedentary and highly active, supporting independence of sedentary behaviors and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA. This population may provide the characteristics needed to study the joint effects of active and sedentary behaviors on health outcomes.
Structure of N-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine, a New Inhibitor of CLK1 and DYRK1A Kinases
Authors: Guillon Jean , Marchivie Mathieu , Loidreau Yvonnick , Pinaud Noël , Besson Thierry 
Published: December 2013

The complete crystal structure of N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine, synthesized via a Dimroth rearrangement and designed as new inhibitor of CLK1 and DYRK1A kinases, was established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is orthorhombic, space group Pca21; a = 13.1593  (9), b = 13.9823  (10), c=8.5403  (7) Å, α=β=γ=90°, V = 1571.4  (2)  Å3, and Z=4, C17H14N4O2S. Solid-state data could be used to enlighten the biological mechanism of action.
Assimilation of T-TREC-Retrieved Winds from Single-Doppler Radar with an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Forecast of Typhoon Jangmi (2008)
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Xue Ming , Zhao Kun , Dong Jili 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A tropical cyclone (TC) circulation Tracking Radar Echo by Correlation technique (T-TREC) developed recently is applied to derive horizontal winds from single Doppler radar reflectivity Z data (combined with radial velocity Vr data when available). The typically much longer maximum range of Z observations compared to Vr data allows for much larger spatial coverage of the T-TREC-retrieved winds (VTREC) when a TC first enters the maximum range of a coastal radar. Retrieved using data from more than one scan volume, the T-TREC winds also contain valuable cross-beam wind information. The VTREC or Vr data at 30-min intervals are assimilated into the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model at 3-km grid spacing using an ensemble Kalman filter, over a 2-h window shortly after Typhoon Jangmi (2008) entered the Vr coverage area of an operational weather radar of Taiwan. The assimilation of VTREC data produces analyses of the typhoon structure and intensity that more closely match observations than analyses produced using Vr data or the reference Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis. Subsequent 28-h forecasts of intensity, track, structure, and precipitation are also improved by assimilating VTREC data. Further sensitivity experiments show that assimilation of VTREC data can build up a reasonably strong vortex in 1 h, while a longer assimilation period is required to spin up the vortex when assimilating Vr. Although the difference between assimilating VTREC and Vr is smaller when the assimilation window is longer, the improvement from assimilating VTREC is still evident. Assimilating Z data in addition to Vr or VTREC results in little further improvement.