bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malolactic Fermentation and Secondary Metabolite Production by Oenoccocus oeni Strains in Low pH Wines
Authors: Ruiz Patricia , Izquierdo Pedro Miguel , Seseña Susana , García Esteban , Palop María Llanos 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Different wine varieties, including some with low pH, were studied to determine the ability to grow and produce secondary metabolites of a previously selected autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strain (C22L9), compared with a commercial strain. Monitoring of malolactic fermentation (MLF) was carried out by microbiological and chemical analysis of wines. The concentration of some major volatile compounds and biogenic amines in wines before and after malolactic fermentation was also determined. The results showed major differences in MLF duration both between wines and strains, although the differences between strains were slight for most of the analyzed compounds. Statistically significant differences in citric acid degradation were found in all wine varieties and it was confirmed that O. oeni C22L9 is a poor degrader of citric acid; this means that MLF can be prolonged without the risk of producing high concentrations of diacetyl and acetoin. Sensory analysis of wines after MLF showed similar characteristics in wines from both strains. This study thus shows that O. oeni C22L9 possesses even better sensory and fermentation properties than the commercial strain and can be used in wines with different characteristics, which makes it highly valuable for industrial use.Practical Application:  The increasingly use of grape varieties of low pH in winemaking and the higher alcohol content of wines, as a consequence of the climatic change, make interesting the study of the behavior during MLF of O. oeni strains in order to determine their ability to grow, when growth conditions are not optimal, and to produce secondary metabolites. A comparative study was conducted using an autochthonous O. oeni strain (C22L9) and a commercial O. oeni strain and 4 wine varieties.
Coronary Microvascular Function in Patients With Isolated Systolic and Combined Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension
Authors: Bozbas Huseyin , Pirat Bahar , Yildirir Aylin , Eroglu Serpil , Simsek Vahide , Sade Elif , Atar Ilyas , Aydinalp Alp , Ozin Bulent , Muderrisoglu Haldun 
Published: August 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:871–876. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is a common condition in the elderly that is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Concerning the effect of type of hypertension on coronary microvascular function, coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with ISH was evaluated and the results were compared with patients with combined systolic/diastolic hypertension (SDH). Seventy‐six elderly patients (older than 60 years) who were free of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study (38 with ISH and 38 with combined SDH). Using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to baseline diastolic peak flow velocities. A CFR value of >2 was accepted as normal. The mean age was 68.6±6.3 years and the groups had similar features with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients with ISH had significantly lower CFR values compared with those with combined SDH (2.22±0.51 vs 2.49±0.56, respectively; P=.03). On multivariate regression analysis, ISH (β=−0.40, P=.004) and dyslipidemia (β=−0.29, P=.04) were the independent predictors of CFR. These findings indicate that CFR, an indicator of coronary microvascular/endothelial function, is impaired more profoundly in patients with ISH than in patients with combined SDH.
Internet addiction, reality substitution and longitudinal changes in psychotic‐like experiences in young adults
Authors: Mittal Vijay A. , Dean Derek J. , Pelletier Andrea 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimInternet use has grown exponentially in the past decade, but there has been little systematic research to inform our understanding of how this phenomenon may relate to mental illness. Although several characteristics of individuals experiencing psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) may render this group particularly susceptible to problematic Internet use, to date there have been no studies examining Internet use in this group. Because the experience of PLEs is considered a risk “behaviour” for formal psychosis, it is crucial to understand how patterns of Internet use may be tied to the progression of illness.MethodsA total of 170 young adults were followed for 2 months, and grouped into those showing a steady/improved course of PLEs (PLE‐Improved/Constant) and those showing an exacerbation in PLEs (PLE‐Increase). Internet addiction and a factor ‘Reality Substitute’ were examined within and between the two groups.ResultsFindings indicated that although both groups reported a similar level of Internet addiction and Reality Substitute at baseline, the PLE‐Improved/Constant group showed longitudinal declines in both domains of problematic Internet usage whereas the PLE‐Increase group's reported level remained constant. Further, there were moderate correlations between PLEs and domains of problematic Internet use, and the magnitude of association with Reality Substitute for the PLE‐Increase group grew significantly over time.ConclusionTaken together, results implicate a close link between continued problematic Internet use and the phenomena of PLEs.
Gunshot Femoral Fractures with Vascular Injury: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rehman Saqib , Salari Nima , Codjoe Paul , Rehman Mahin , Gaughan John 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo retrospectively investigate the experience at one urban level one trauma center with gunshot femoral fractures with vascular injury and to examine the implication of surgical sequence with regards to short‐term complications and ischaemia time.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 24 patients treated at an urban level one trauma center over a 10‐year period with low velocity gunshot wounds resulting in femur fractures and major vascular injury. Data were stratified according to sequence of surgical intervention.ResultsThe mean age was 31.3 years. Mean time to revascularization was highest in patients undergoing definitive orthopaedic fixation first (660 min) and lowest in patient undergoing shunting first (210 min). Most complications in patients undergoing vascular repair first, included two disrupted repairs requiring immediate revision after subsequent orthopaedic fixation. Other complications included compartment syndrome and one amputation.ConclusionSurgical sequence did not appear to impact the outcome with regard to limb loss, compartment syndrome, or mortality. Orthopaedic repair following vascular repair, however, is a risk for disruption of the vascular repair. We suggest that close and early direct communication between the orthopaedic and vascular surgeons take place in order to facilitate a satisfactory outcome.
Effect of different orthodontic adhesive removal techniques on sound, demineralized and remineralized enamel
Authors: Cochrane NJ , Ratneser S , Reynolds EC 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of four different orthodontic adhesive removal techniques on sound, demineralized and remineralized enamel.Methods: Composite resin adhesive was bonded to 100 teeth which were divided into four groups with each comprising five sound teeth and 20 teeth with demineralized and remineralized lesions adjacent to the adhesive. Adhesive was removed with either: (1) slow speed bur (SS); (2) high speed bur (HS); (3) aluminium oxide disc (DC); or (4) ultrasonic scaler (US). Damage to the enamel was assessed using white light profilometry, digital photography and scanning electron microscopy.Results:  The least to greatest mean depth of damage with the four different adhesive removal techniques to sound enamel was DC = SS < US = HS and to demineralized and remineralized enamel were DC < HS < US = SS. Sound enamel experienced the least amount of damage. Remineralization prior to adhesive removal significantly reduced the amount of damage produced by all techniques compared with demineralized enamel. Discs were the least damaging to demineralized and remineralized enamel compared with the other removal techniques.Conclusions:  When demineralization was present discs were found to be the least damaging adhesive removal technique and remineralization further reduced the amount of enamel damage.
Areca nut chewing in an expatriate population in Sydney: report of two cases
Authors: Sukumar S , Coleman HG , Cox SC 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAreca nut (betel nut) consumption occurs in a variety of forms, either on its own or with the addition of a number of products. This habit is prevalent in the Indian Subcontinent and South‐East Asia. Recent immigration statistics indicate that 30% of new arrivals in Australia are from these geographical regions and are known to perpetuate this custom long after migration. The objective of this paper is to highlight the variety of oral presentations that may occur as a result of areca nut consumption in these particular demographic subgroups. Dental practitioners must be familiar with the wide spectrum of oral lesions that may present in this setting. More significantly, they must be aware that some of these lesions possess the potential for malignant transformation and hence require more specific management. Best practice mandates that dental practitioners in a multicultural society must: (1) be capable of recognizing the expatriate populations in which this custom is widely practised; (2) incorporate this particular line of questioning into the routine risk factor analysis that is undertaken for every patient from these particular sub‐populations; and (3) institute appropriate referral and follow‐up of these lesions if required.
Fibrinolytic Activity in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Different Neurological Disorders
Authors: de la Fuente C. , Monreal L. , Cerón J. , Pastor J. , Viu J. , Añor S. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundFibrinolytic activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is activated in humans by different pathologic processes.ObjectivesTo investigate fibrinolytic activity in the CSF of dogs with neurological disorders by measuring CSF D‐dimer concentrations.AnimalsOne hundred and sixty‐nine dogs with neurological disorders, 7 dogs with systemic inflammatory diseases without central nervous system involvement (SID), and 7 healthy Beagles were included in the study. Dogs with neurological disorders included 11 with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA), 37 with other inflammatory neurological diseases (INF), 38 with neoplasia affecting the central nervous system (NEO), 28 with spinal compressive disorders (SCC), 15 with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and 40 with noninflammatory neurological disorders (NON‐INF).MethodsProspective observational study. D‐dimers and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were simultaneously measured in paired CSF and blood samples.ResultsD‐dimers and CRP were detected in 79/183 (43%) and in 182/183 (99.5%) CSF samples, respectively. All dogs with IE, SID, and controls had undetectable concentrations of D‐dimers in the CSF. CSF D‐dimer concentrations were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with SRMA than in dogs with other diseases and controls. CSF CRP concentration in dogs with SRMA was significantly (P < .001) higher than in dogs of other groups and controls, except for the SID group. No correlation was found between blood and CSF D‐dimer concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIntrathecal fibrinolytic activity seems to be activated in some canine neurological disorders, and it is high in severe meningeal inflammatory diseases. CSF D‐dimer concentrations may be considered a diagnostic marker for SRMA.
Effects ofN‐Butylscopolammonium Bromide on Lung Function in Horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction
Authors: Couetil L. , Hammer J. , Miskovic Feutz M. , Nogradi N. , Perez‐Moreno C. , Ivester K. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundEquine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production in the airways. Anticholinergic drugs like atropine induce bronchodilatation and rapid improvement in lung function. N‐butylscopolammonium bromide (NBB) is an anticholinergic drug used to relieve spasmodic colic in horses, but its effect on airway smooth muscle is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect ofNBBon clinical signs and lung function ofRAO‐affected horses.AnimalsNine horses diagnosed withRAO.MethodsDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover trial. Horses were challenged with moldy hay until a maximum change in transpulmonary pressure (∆PLmax) > 15 cmH2O was achieved.NBB(0.3 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% saline) was administered IV. Clinical scores and lung function were recorded at baseline and then periodically after treatment administration. Horses were allowed a 6‐week washout before administration of opposite treatments.ResultsClinical score at 10 and 30 minutes (8.7 ± 2.8 and 8.7 ± 3.2, respectively) afterNBBadministration was significantly lower than baseline (10.8 ± 2.4).NBBadministration resulted in a significant decrease in ∆PLmax(baseline: 35.1 ± 6.9 cmH2O) starting 2 minutes after administration (16.3 ± 6.6 cmH2O) with a maximum decline observed at 10 minutes (13.5 ± 7.1 cmH2O). ∆PLmaxvalues between 60 and 120 minutes afterNBBadministration were not different from placebo.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceN‐butylscopolammonium bromide is a potent bronchodilator, reaching maximum effect 10 minutes after intravenous administration. This effect dissipates within 1 hour of drug administration.
Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Horses with Heaves
Authors: Lavoie‐Lamoureux A. , Leclere M. , Lemos K. , Wagner B. , Lavoie J.‐P. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundSystemic inflammation in horses with heaves is poorly characterized.ObjectivesTo assess acute phase proteins (APP) and inflammatory cytokine profiles in serum of healthy horses and horses with heaves.AnimalsSix healthy horses and 6 heaves‐affected horses belonging to the University of Montreal.MethodsProspective, observational study. Healthy and heaves‐affected control horses were exposed to a 30‐day natural challenge with hay and straw to induce clinical exacerbation of heaves. Serum samples were obtained by venipuncture before (T0) as well as after 7 (T7) and 30 days (T30) of stabling. Serum APP (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A protein [SAA] and C‐reactive protein [CRP]) and cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐4, IFN‐α, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and CCL‐2) were measured using singleplex or multiplex ELISA.ResultsSerum haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in heaves‐affected horses at all time points with no overlap with those of healthy controls. They were also significantly increased by antigen challenge in both controls (T7) and horses with heaves (T7 and T30). Serum SAA was detected more frequently in heaves‐affected horses compared with healthy controls at T7. There was no difference in serum concentrations of CRP, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and CCL‐2 between groups, whereas IL‐2, IL‐4, and IFN‐α remained undetectable in all samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn heaves, haptoglobin is a marker of both acute and chronic systemic inflammation, whereas high concentrations of SAA indicate acute inflammation.
Efficacy of epidural lidocaine combined with tramadol or neostigmine on perineal analgesia in the horse
Authors: Derossi R. , Módolo T. J. C. , Maciel F. B. , Pagliosa R. C. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyShort duration of analgesia is among the limitations of a single epidural injection with lidocaine in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epidural lidocaine in combination with either tramadol or neostigmine for perineal analgesia in horses.MethodsEpidural catheters were placed in 6 saddle horses that then were given 3 treatments: 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) alone, 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus tramadol (0.5 mg/kg bwt), and 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus neostigmine (1.0 μg/kg bwt). The order of treatments was randomised. Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, motor block and behaviour scores were compared among the 3 treatments. These parameters were determined before drug administration (baseline), at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min, and every 30 min thereafter until loss of analgesia.ResultsDuration of analgesia was longer with lidocaine plus tramadol (210 ± 12 min) compared with lidocaine plus neostigmine (150 ± 35 min) or lidocaine alone (70 ± 12 min; P<0.05). All treatments produced mild or moderate motor block without behavioural changes. Other adverse effects were not observed in any of the horses.Conclusion and potential relevanceFurther studies are required to demonstrate whether tramadol or neostigmine have a role in the management of post operative pain when coadministered with lidocaine.
Utilization patterns of antiepileptic drugs among adult epileptic patients at a tertiary hospital in Oman
Authors: Al Za'abi Mohammed , Ahmed Rowayda , Al Asmi Abdullah , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo describe utilization patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) among adult epileptic patients at a tertiary hospital in Oman.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from January 2006 to December 2009. The study included all adult (&gt;18 years) epileptic patients on AEDs and followed up at a neurology clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman. All reported therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) requests for serum AED concentrations were also collected. Institutional ethical approval was sought and obtained.Key findingsThe study included a total of 372 patients with a mean age of 34 ± 15 years. Monotherapy AEDs accounted for 53% of the prescriptions, whereas polytherapy with two or three AED combinations accounted for 27% and 20% respectively. The most frequently prescribed AED was sodium valproate (27%) followed by carbamazepine (23%). The commonly prescribed AED combinations were sodium valproate with clonazepam (12%) followed by sodium valproate with lamotrigine (12%). Evaluation of 574 TDM requests for three AEDs showed that 57% of carbamazepine, 78% of phenytoin and 54% of valproic acid requests were either above or below the recommended therapeutic threshold. Most of these requests were ordered from the hospital's emergency department for suspected insufficient serum concentrations.ConclusionsAntiepileptic drug monotherapy is still the most frequently employed therapeutic strategy in adult patients with epilepsy in keeping with the standard therapeutic guidelines. Sodium valproate is commonly used for different types of seizures reflecting its wide spectrum of anticonvulsant potential. Newer AED utilizations are becoming increasingly popular in our subjects particularly as add-on with other standard AEDs.
Mendelian randomization suggests non‐causal associations of testosterone with cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality
Authors: Haring R. , Teumer A. , Völker U. , Dörr M. , Nauck M. , Biffar R. , Völzke H. , Baumeister S. E. , Wallaschofski H. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryProspective studies showed that low serum testosterone concentrations are associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality. However, the causal nature of these associations is controversial. We studied 1 882 men aged 20–79 years with serum testosterone concentrations and genotyping data from the longitudinal population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania. Testosterone concentrations were cross‐sectionally associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, including anthropometric, lipid, blood pressure and glycaemic parameters; and prospectively with all‐cause mortality (277 deaths, 14.7%) during the 10‐year follow‐up. To overcome problems of residual confounding, reverse causation, or regression dilution bias in the investigated testosterone‐outcome associations, we used two‐stage least square regression models with previously identified polymorphisms at the SHBG gene (rs12150660) and X chromosome (rs5934505) as multiple genetic instruments in an instrumental variable (IV) approach, also known as Mendelian randomization. In standard regression analyses, testosterone was robustly associated with a wide range of cardiometabolic risk factors. In subsequent IV analyses, no such significant associations were observed. Similarly, prospective analyses showed a consistent association of low testosterone concentrations with increased all‐cause mortality risk, which was not apparent in subsequent IV analyses. The present Mendelian randomization analyses did not detect any evidence for causal associations of testosterone concentrations with cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality, suggesting that previously reported associations might largely result from residual confounding or reverse causation. Although testosterone assessment might improve risk prediction, implementation of testosterone replacement therapy requires further evidence of a direct effect on cardiometabolic outcomes from double‐blinded randomized controlled trials and large‐scale Mendelian randomization meta‐analyses.
Relations of morphometric parameters to zinc content in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands
Authors: Zaichick Sofia , Zaichick Vladimir 
Published: August 2012

SummaryTo clarify age‐related histological and zinc content changes in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands, a quantitative morphometric and energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) was performed. The prostates were obtained at autopsy from 50 subjects (European‐Caucasian aged 0–30 years) who died from sudden infant death syndrome, acute pulmonary aetiologies and trauma. None of the subjects had any symptoms of prostatic disease and all prostates were classified as histologically normal. Each prostate was divided into two portions. One tissue portion was reviewed by an anatomical pathologist whereas another was intended for a Zn mass fraction measurement using EDXRF. The mean per cent volume of the stroma (S), glandular epithelium (E), glandular lumen (L) and glandular component (GC = E + L) were determined and the mean ratios of per cent volumes (S/E, S/GC and E/L) were calculated for each prostate specimen. It was found that normal prostate tissue undergoes substantial changes from birth through early adulthood. These changes are reflected in an increment of the per cent volume of the glandular epithelium and lumen and in a diminution of the per cent volume of the stroma. The S/E ratio of the prostate falls by a factor of almost 4, between ages <1 and 30 years from 5 : 1 to 1.3 : 1. The Zn mass fraction is nearly 30–35 mg/kg (wet weight basis) and remains steady for first decade of life. Then it begins to increase rapidly during and after puberty. The level of the Zn content in prostate tissue is most closely associated with the volume of the glandular lumen, which reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.