bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils
Authors: Tibaldi Giorgio , Fontana Emanuela , Nicola Silvana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytomass yield, essential oil (EO) content and EO yield of Mentha spicata L. var. rubra, M. spicata L. var. viridis and Calamintha nepeta Savi in Piedmont (Italy), and to study how postharvest management (hydrodistillation of EO from fresh, dehumidified or oven‐dried herbs) can affect the EO content and profile of the three species.RESULTS: Mentha spicata L. var. rubra gave the greatest phytomass yield (1997 g m−2), which was statistically different from M. spicata L. var. viridis and C. nepeta. The highest EO yield was obtained from C. nepeta (3.75 g m−2), which was significantly different from the Mentha genus. Postharvest management significantly affected both the EO content and the EO profile of each species, with the dehumidifying process leading to a significantly higher EO content than the oven‐drying process. The EO profile was different not only from species to species but also because of the postharvest management.CONCLUSION: The dehumidifying process is a relatively new postharvest technology that has shown positive results in terms of EO yield, and it can be applied to species which have a high EO value, after evaluation of the resulting EO profile. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Volatile constituents of roasted tigernut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.)
Authors: Lasekan Ola 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Volatile compounds play a key role in determining the sensory appreciation of vegetable oils. In this study a systematic evaluation of odorants responsible for the characteristic flavour of roasted tigernut oil was carried out.RESULTS: A total of 75 odour‐active volatiles were identified. From these, 13 aroma compounds showing high flavour dilution factors in the range of 16 to 128 were quantified by their odour activity values (OAVs). On the basis of high OAVs in oil, the following aroma compounds [vanillin (chocolate, sweet vanilla), 5‐ethylfurfural (caramel, spicy), 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (caramel), phenyl acetaldehyde (honey‐like), ethanone, 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) (faint vanilla)] were elucidated as important contributors to the overall chocolate, sweet vanilla, butterscotch aroma of the oil.CONCLUSION: Odorants with high concentrations in the roasted tigernut oil such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, ethyl hexadecanoate, n‐propyl‐9,12‐octadecadienoate gave relatively low OAVs, so their contributions to the overall orthonasal aroma impression of roasted tigernut oil can be assumed to be low. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Composition of two Spanish common dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), ‘Almonga’ and ‘Curruquilla’, and their postprandial effect in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Olmedilla‐Alonso Begoña , Pedrosa Mercedes Martín , Cuadrado Carmen , Brito Miguel , Asensio‐S‐Manzanera Carmen , Asensio‐Vegas Carmen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Legume consumption has been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the type of legume is a modifier of its effect. Two Spanish dry bean varieties—white (‘Almonga’) and cream (‘Curruquilla’)—were analyzed and used in a postprandial study in type 2 diabetics to assess glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol in blood.RESULTS: ‘Curruquilla’ variety had higher total galactoside (stachyose, mainly), trypsin inhibitors and lectin content than ‘Almonga’. The canning liquid was discarded prior to the analysis and the bean consumption by the subjects. The canning process reduced the total α‐galactoside content (>50%), practically eliminated trypsin inhibitors, and no lectin content was found. After bean consumption, maximum glucose was obtained at 60 min and was three times lower than that in bread. After bean intake, maximum insulin was produced 60 min with ‘Almonga’ and occurred later (90 min) with ‘Curruquilla’ and bread. After ‘Almonga’ intake, the area under the curve response of triglycerides was 14% lower compared to bread (P = 0.013).CONCLUSIONS: ‘Almonga’ and ‘Curruquilla’ are similar in the content of the nutritional but not in that of the antinutritional components. Both beans showed similar effects on blood glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetics and marked differences compared to those of bread in terms of magnitude and time course, but only ‘Almonga’ rendered a significant reduction in the triglyceridemic response. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Responsiveness of ‘Conference’ pears to 1‐methylcyclopropene: the role of harvest date, orchard location and year
Authors: Chiriboga Maria‐Angeles , Schotsmans Wendy C , Larrigaudière Christian , Dupille Eve , Recasens Inmaculada 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In some pear varieties like ‘Conference’, 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatment often impairs the ripening process indefinitely and the pears remain ‘evergreen’. To better understand this behaviour, the influence of the harvest date, orchard location and year on the effectiveness of 1‐MCP treatment was investigated.RESULTS: Pear softening was inhibited by 1‐MCP treatment and the effectiveness of the treatment depended on harvest date, orchard location and year. Differences in the rate of softening in 1‐MCP‐treated pears depended mainly on the fruit physiological maturity at the moment of 1‐MCP treatment. Accordingly, the combination of the Streif index and ethylene production at harvest appeared to be able to predict the evergreen behaviour. Treated pears with a low Streif index (<0.8) and high ethylene production at harvest (≥0.23 µL kg−1 h−1) maintain significantly high firmness but did soften during shelf life, reaching acceptable eating quality.CONCLUSION: Evergreen behaviour was mainly influenced by the initial fruit maturity and especially by the ability of the fruit to produce ethylene at the moment of treatment. More mature fruit were able to overcome the inhibition by 1‐MCP, and the solution to prevent evergreen behaviour therefore lies in the adequate determination of harvest maturity. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterization of pepsin‐solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus)
Authors: Abedin Md Zainul , Karim Alias A , Ahmed Faiyaz , Latiff Aishah A , Gan Chee‐Yuen , Che Ghazali Farid , Islam Sarker Md Zaidul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is considered an underutilized resource, since only its stomach and intestines are eaten raw as salad in a few countries and the remaining parts, especially the integument rich in collagen, is discarded. Hence a valuable by‐product having potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications is wasted. In the present investigation, pepsin‐solubilized collagen (PSC) from the integument of S. vastus was isolated, purified and characterized.RESULTS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the purified collagen was of type I, consisting of three α1 chains of approximately 122 kDa each. The peptide map of PSC digested by V8 protease was different from that of calf skin type I collagen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the triple helical structure was well preserved in isolated collagen. The denaturation temperature of PSC was 21.23 °C and showed good gel‐forming capability at pH 6.5 and 300 mmol L−1 NaCl.CONCLUSION: It is inferred that the collagen isolated from S. vastus integument has potential for use as an alternative to land‐based mammalian collagen in food, nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industries. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on physicochemical and functional properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein isolate
Authors: Qin Zihan , Guo Xingfeng , Lin Yan , Chen Jiluan , Liao Xiaojun , Hu Xiaosong , Wu Jihong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a good source of protein that has potential application in new product formation and fortification. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (300–600 MPa 20 min) on physicochemical and functional properties of walnut protein isolate (WPI) using various analytical techniques at room temperature.RESULTS: The results showed significant modification of solubility, free sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity with increased levels of HHP treatment, indicating partial denaturation and aggregation of proteins. Differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectrum analyses demonstrated that HHP treatment resulted in gradual unfolding of protein structure. Emulsifying activity index was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after HHP treatment at 400 MPa, but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) relative to the untreated WPI with further increase in pressure. HHP treatment at 300–600 MPa significantly decreased emulsion stability index. Additionally, HHP‐treated walnut proteins showed better foaming properties and in vitro digestibility.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HHP treatment could be applied to modify the properties of walnut proteins by appropriate of pressure levels, which will help in using walnut protein as a potential food ingredient. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Nest site fidelity and dispersal of Rio Grande wild turkey hens in Texas
Authors: Locke Shawn L. , Hardin Jason , Skow Kevin , Peterson Markus J. , Silvy Nova J. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRio Grande wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) nests suffer high predation rates exceeding 65%, which may limit recruitment. We evaluated post‐nesting movements of reproductively active female Rio Grande wild turkeys. We monitored 194 nesting attempts between 2005 and 2010 and documented 17% and 32% overall apparent nest success for the Edwards Plateau and Central Rio Grande Plains study regions, respectively. Rio Grande wild turkey hens move approximately 1.2 km (SD = 0.7) between nesting attempts within a nesting season and approximately 1.4 km (SD = 1.6) between initial nesting attempts among years. Rio Grande wild turkey hens selected open areas with moderate woody cover for nesting (${\bar {x}}$ = 37.7%; range = 3.0–88.2%). Patchiness of vegetation in the nesting landscape also was borne out by typically low edge‐to‐area ratios (${\bar {x}}$ = 0.20; range = 0.040–0.732). We found no clear pattern in movement distance and either landscape composition or edge‐to‐area ratio for within or between breeding season nest site selection for either the Edwards Plateau or Central Rio Grande Plains study region. Based on our results, movement distances post‐nest failure do not seem to influence habitat selection. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Optimizing outcomes for pediatric recipients
Authors: Samyn Marianne 
Published: September 2012

Key Points
1. After liver transplantation (LT), the majority of children now grow into adulthood, with 10-year patient survival rates of 74% to 84% and graft survival rates of 62% to 72% according to United Network for Organ Sharing data.
2. Graft and patient survival rates decrease for patients undergoing transplantation between the ages of 12 and 17 years, and this raises the importance of dedicated adolescent care and appropriate transitioning to adult services.
3. Complications associated with long-term immunosuppression, including renal complications, infections, malignancies, and cardiovascular complications, are well described, and the risk factors are defined.
4. Biomarkers for measuring clinical immunosuppression and the concept of tolerance-inducing regimens are exciting, but further assessment is needed in large, prospective, multicenter studies.
5. As long-term medical complications are better managed, we need to focus on understanding the challenges for pediatric LT patients with respect to quality of life and health status. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Thermoplastics by Lamellar Crystal Alignment of Polymer Matrices
Authors: Yoshihara Shusuke , Ezaki Toshiaki , Nakamura Mitsuru , Watanabe Junji , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThermal conductivity (TC) of injection‐molded main‐chain smectic liquid‐crystalline polymers and the composites containing hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) particles is investigated. Shear flow during injection molding induces alignment of chain‐folding lamellar crystals of polymer matrices, in which polymer chains are aligned in the normal direction (ND) with respect to the molding surface, thus leading to a high TC (1.2 W m−1 K−1) in the ND. The composites exhibit a dramatic enhancement of TC in not only the ND but also the in‐plane direction. The enhanced TC is much higher than that of common thermoplastic composites at comparable loading levels. These results indicate that the polymer matrices serve as effective heat conductors between h‐BN particles.
A new maneuver for repetitive nerve stimulation testing in the trapezius muscle
Authors: Ogawa Go , Sonoo Masahiro , Hatanaka Yuki , Kaida Ken‐Ichi , Kamakura Keiko 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionThe repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test in the trapezius muscle is used widely for the evaluation of myasthenia gravis. However, pseudofacilitation is often difficult to avoid in this muscle and may compromise the detection of small decremental responses. We have devised a new maneuver to reduce pseudofacilitation.MethodsUsing our maneuver, the shoulder of a supine subject is elevated passively and is held firmly by the examiner. Four conventional maneuvers as well as ours were compared with regard to pseudofacilitation that was maximal at the second wave in 14 control subjects.ResultsPseudofacilitation at the second and fourth waves was the smallest using our maneuver. Up to 15% pseudofacilitation was observed using the other maneuvers.ConclusionPseudofacilitation in the trapezius muscle is mainly due to shortening of the muscle belly. It can be reduced greatly by shortening the muscle in advance. Muscle Nerve 47: 668–672, 2013
Cognitive effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: a dose–response study
Authors: Collins Barbara , MacKenzie Joyce , Tasca Giorgio A. , Scherling Carole , Smith Andra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if cognition progressively worsens with cumulative chemotherapy exposure. We reasoned that the demonstration of such a ‘dose–response’ relationship would help to establish whether cognitive changes are caused by neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy or whether they are due to other confounding factors such as mood and pre‐treatment differences in cognition.MethodsSixty women with early stage breast cancer, aged 65 years or younger with no previous history of cancer or chemotherapy, were matched to 60 healthy women on age and education. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted after surgery but prior to commencing chemotherapy and then again following each chemotherapy cycle in patients and at yoked intervals in healthy controls. We used multilevel modeling to assess change over time in an overall cognitive summary score as well as domain‐specific cognitive scores.ResultsAfter controlling for baseline performance, age, education, and mood, the chemotherapy group showed a significant progressive decline over time relative to a matched healthy control group in an overall cognitive summary score, as well as in working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, and visual memory scores. A linear model best fit the trajectory of cognitive change over the course of treatment in the chemotherapy group supporting a dose–response hypothesis.ConclusionsThese results are in keeping with a dose–response relationship and provide the most compelling clinical evidence to date that cognitive decline is caused by chemotherapy exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The PNT domain from Drosophila pointed‐P2 contains a dynamic N‐terminal helix preceded by a disordered phosphoacceptor sequence
Authors: Lau Desmond K. W. , Okon Mark , McIntosh Lawrence P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPointed‐P2, the Drosophila ortholog of human ETS1 and ETS2, is a transcription factor involved in Ras/MAP kinase‐regulated gene expression. In addition to a DNA‐binding ETS domain, Pointed‐P2 contains a PNT (or SAM) domain that serves as a docking module to enhance phosphorylation of an adjacent phosphoacceptor threonine by the ERK2 MAP kinase Rolled. Using NMR chemical shift, 15N relaxation, and amide hydrogen exchange measurements, we demonstrate that the Pointed‐P2 PNT domain contains a dynamic N‐terminal helix H0 appended to a core conserved five‐helix bundle diagnostic of the SAM domain fold. Neither the secondary structure nor dynamics of the PNT domain is perturbed significantly upon in vitro ERK2 phosphorylation of three threonine residues in a disordered sequence immediately preceding this domain. These data thus confirm that the Drosophila Pointed‐P2 PNT domain and phosphoacceptors are highly similar to those of the well‐characterized human ETS1 transcription factor. NMR‐monitored titrations also revealed that the phosphoacceptors and helix H0, as well as region of the core helical bundle identified previously by mutational analyses as a kinase docking site, are selectively perturbed upon ERK2 binding by Pointed‐P2. Based on a homology model derived from the ETS1 PNT domain, helix H0 is predicted to partially occlude the docking interface. Therefore, this dynamic helix must be displaced to allow both docking of the kinase, as well as binding of Mae, a Drosophila protein that negatively regulates Pointed‐P2 by competing with the kinase for its docking site.
Solution structure of a tethered Lmo2LIM2/Ldb1LID complex
Authors: Dastmalchi Siavoush , Wilkinson‐White Lorna , Kwan Ann H. , Gamsjaeger Roland , Mackay Joel P. , Matthews Jacqueline M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLIM‐only protein 2, Lmo2, is a regulatory protein that is essential for hematopoietic development and inappropriate overexpression of Lmo2 in T‐cells contributes to T‐cell leukemia. It exerts its functions by mediating protein–protein interactions and nucleating multicomponent transcriptional complexes. Lmo2 interacts with LIM domain binding protein 1 (Ldb1) through the tandem LIM domains of Lmo2 and the LIM interaction domain (LID) of Ldb1. Here, we present the solution structure of the LIM2 domain of Lmo2 bound to Ldb1LID. The ordered regions of Ldb1 in this complex correspond well with binding hotspots previously defined by mutagenic studies. Comparisons of this Lmo2LIM2–Ldb1LID structure with previously determined structures of the Lmo2/Ldb1LID complexes lead to the conclusion that modular binding of tandem LIM domains in Lmo2 to tandem linear motifs in Ldb1 is accompanied by several disorder‐to‐order transitions and/or conformational changes in both proteins.
A taxonomy framework based on ITU‐TX‐805 security architecture for quantitative determination of computer network vulnerabilities
Authors: Mohammadi Shahriyar , Sherkat Mohammad Hussein , Jamporazmey Mona 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTNetwork vulnerability taxonomy has become increasingly important in the area of information and data exchange for its potential use not only in identification of vulnerabilities but also in their assessment and prioritization. Computer networks play an important role in information and communication infrastructure. However, they are constantly exposed to a variety of vulnerability risks. In their attempts to create secure information exchange systems, scientists have concentrated on understanding the nature and typology of these vulnerabilities. Their efforts aimed at establishing secure networks have led to the development of a variety of methods and techniques for quantifying vulnerability. The objectives of the present paper are twofold: (1) to develop a taxonomy framework for the classification of network vulnerabilities on the basis of the ITU‐TX‐805 security architecture and (2) to develop a method on the basis of the second edition of Common Vulnerability Scoring System for the quantification of vulnerabilities within the proposed taxonomy framework. It is expected that the framework proposed in this paper will provide a comprehensive taxonomic structure that can be extended to all the different aspects of network vulnerability. Furthermore, it will help in the identification and effective management of vulnerabilities by their quantification. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIMS quantification of thick Si1−x Gex films (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) using the isotopic comparative method under Ar+ beam
Authors: Prudon G. , Dubois C. , Gautier B. , Dupuy J. C. , Graf J. P. , Le Gall Y. , Muller D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe isotopic comparative method (ICM) has been used to measure the concentrations and relative ion yields of Si+, Ge+ (Si‐, Ge‐) in SiGe alloys ranging almost from pure silicon to pure germanium by secondary‐ion mass spectrometry under Ar+ bombardment at 8 keV, ~39° incidence, (17 keV, ~25°). This method requires only two specific ICM reference samples to be fabricated. The negative‐secondary‐ion yields YR−(Si) and YR−(Ge) are found to be nearly constant over the entire range of SiGe alloy. The measurement conditions are free of matrix effects, thereby allowing accurate and easy quantification of SiGe alloys. In contrast, the positive‐secondary‐ion yield YR+ (Si) decreases strongly over the full range of SiGe alloy, whereas YR+(Ge) varies only slightly for cGe < 25 at.%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving IR‐based traceability recovery via noun‐based indexing of software artifacts
Authors: Capobianco Giovanni , Lucia Andrea De , Oliveto Rocco , Panichella Annibale , Panichella Sebastiano 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYOne of the most successful applications of textual analysis in software engineering is the use of information retrieval (IR) methods to reconstruct traceability links between software artifacts. Unfortunately, because of the limitations of both the humans developing artifacts and the IR techniques any IR‐based traceability recovery method fails to retrieve some of the correct links, while on the other hand it also retrieves links that are not correct. This limitation has posed challenges for researchers that have proposed several methods to improve the accuracy of IR‐based traceability recovery methods by removing the ‘noise’ in the textual content of software artifacts (e.g., by removing common words or increasing the importance of critical terms). In this paper, we propose a heuristic to remove the ‘noise’ taking into account the linguistic nature of words in the software artifacts. In particular, the language used in software documents can be classified as a technical language, where the words that provide more indication on the semantics of a document are the nouns. The results of a case study conducted on five software artifact repositories indicate that characterizing the context of software artifacts considering only nouns significantly improves the accuracy of IR‐based traceability recovery methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.