bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking megathrust earthquakes to brittle deformation in a fossil accretionary complex
Authors: Dielforder Armin , Vollstaedt Hauke , Vennemann Torsten , Berger Alfons , Herwegh Marco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeismological data from recent subduction earthquakes suggest that megathrust earthquakes induce transient stress changes in the upper plate that shift accretionary wedges into an unstable state. These stress changes have, however, never been linked to geological structures preserved in fossil accretionary complexes. The importance of coseismically induced wedge failure has therefore remained largely elusive. Here we show that brittle faulting and vein formation in the palaeo-accretionary complex of the European Alps record stress changes generated by subduction-related earthquakes. Early veins formed at shallow levels by bedding-parallel shear during coseismic compression of the outer wedge. In contrast, subsequent vein formation occurred by normal faulting and extensional fracturing at deeper levels in response to coseismic extension of the inner wedge. Our study demonstrates how mineral veins can be used to reveal the dynamics of outer and inner wedges, which respond in opposite ways to megathrust earthquakes by compressional and extensional faulting, respectively.
Inherited coding variants at the CDKN2A locus influence susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children
Authors: Xu Heng , Zhang Hui , Yang Wenjian , Yadav Rachita , Morrison Alanna C. , Qian Maoxiang , Devidas Meenakshi , Liu Yu , Perez-Andreu Virginia , Zhao Xujie , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Lupo Philip J. , Neale Geoff , Raetz Elizabeth , Larsen Eric , Bowman W. Paul , Carroll William L. , Winick Naomi , Williams Richard , Hansen Torben , Holm Jens-Christian , Mardis Elaine , Fulton Robert , Pui Ching-Hon , Zhang Jinghui , Mullighan Charles G. , Evans William E. , Hunger Stephen P. , Gupta Ramneek , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Loh Mignon L. , Relling Mary V. , Yang Jun J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is increasing evidence from genome-wide association studies for a strong inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children, yet the effects of protein-coding variants on ALL risk have not been systematically evaluated. Here we show a missense variant in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL at genome-wide significance (rs3731249, P=9.4 × 10−23, odds ratio=2.23). Functional studies indicate that this hypomorphic variant results in reduced tumour suppressor function of p16INK4A, increases the susceptibility to leukaemic transformation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, and is preferentially retained in ALL tumour cells. Resequencing the CDKN2A–CDKN2B locus in 2,407 childhood ALL cases reveals 19 additional putative functional germline variants. These results provide direct functional evidence for the influence of inherited genetic variation on ALL risk, highlighting the important and complex roles of CDKN2A–CDKN2B tumour suppressors in leukaemogenesis.
In situ imaging and proteome profiling indicate andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound
Authors: Li Lin , Wijaya Hadhi , Samanta Sanjay , Lam Yulin , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNatural products represent an enormous source of pharmacologically useful compounds and are often used as the starting point in modern drug discovery. Many biologically interesting natural products are however not being pursued as potential drug candidates, partly due to a lack of well-defined mechanism-of-action. Traditional in vitro methods for target identification of natural products based on affinity protein enrichment from crude cellular lysates cannot faithfully recapitulate protein-drug interactions in living cells. Reported herein are dual-purpose probes inspired by the natural product andrographolide, capable of both reaction-based, real-time bioimaging and in situ proteome profiling/target identification in live mammalian cells. Our results confirm that andrographolide is a highly promiscuous compound and engaged in covalent interactions with numerous previously unknown cellular targets in cell type-specific manner. We caution its potential therapeutic effects should be further investigated in detail.
The Effect of Stress and Speech Rate on Vowel Coarticulation in Catalan Vowel–Consonant–Vowel Sequences
Authors: Recasens Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
The goal of this study was to ascertain the effect of changes in stress and speech rate on vowel coarticulation in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences.

Method
Data on second formant coarticulatory effects as a function of changing /i/ versus /a/ were collected for five Catalan speakers' productions of vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with the fixed vowels /i/ and /a/ and consonants: the approximant /δ/, the alveolopalatal nasal /ɲ/, and /l/, which in the Catalan language differs in darkness degree according to speaker.

Results
In agreement with predictions formulated by the degree-of-articulation-constraint model of coarticulation, the size of the vowel coarticulatory effects was inversely related to the degree of articulatory constraint for the consonant, and the direction of those effects was mostly carryover or anticipatory in vowel–consonant–vowel sequences with highly constrained consonants (/ɲ/, dark /l/) and more variable whenever the intervocalic consonant was less constrained (/δ/, clear /l/). Stress and speech-rate variations had an effect on overall vowel duration, second formant frequency, and coarticulation size but not on the consonant-specific patterns of degree and direction of vowel coarticulation.

Conclusion
These results indicate that prosodically induced coarticulatory changes conform to the basic principles of segmental coarticulatory organization.
Risikofaktoren der Erwerbsminderungsberentung aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen – Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Roski C. , Romppel M. , Grande G. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Psychische Erkrankungen sind mittlerweile der häufigste Grund für den Bezug einer Erwerbsminderungsrente. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die nationalen Befunde zum Risiko der Erwerbsminderungsberentung aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen (EMBP) zusammenzutragen und den Stand dieses Forschungsfeldes abzubilden. Die Kenntnis dieser Befunde ist grundlegend, um dieser Entwicklung präventiv entgegensteuern zu können.
Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2014 durchgeführt. Berücksichtigt wurden Befunde zu Versicherten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung, welche nach 2001 aufgrund einer psychischen Erkrankung EM-berentet wurden. Die Publikationen mussten mindestens 2 relevante Befunde beinhalten, um berücksichtigt zu werden. Bis auf den Ausschluss von anonymisierten Befragungen wurde das Studiendesign bei der Auswahl nicht weiter eingegrenzt.
Ergebnisse: Es konnten 20 wissenschaftliche Publikationen ermittelt werden, welche die Auswahlkriterien erfüllten. Im Ergebnis sind alle ermittelten Studien sekundärdatenanalytische Untersuchungen basierend auf Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung. Mittels geschlechtsdifferenzierter Zusammenhangsanalysen konnte das Berentungsrisiko auf das Qualifikationsniveau und den Wohnort der Versicherten zurückgeführt werden. Der Großteil der Befunde ist hingegen deskriptiver bzw. explorativer Art. Neben einer Vielzahl von Einzelbefunden und Hinweisen auf Interaktionen der Faktoren, konnte über verschiedene Jahrgänge festgestellt werden, dass (i) Frauen häufiger als Männer aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen berentet werden, (ii) affektive Störungen der häufigste Berentungsgrund sind, (iii) psychisch Erwerbsgeminderte im Vergleich zu somatisch Erwerbsgeminderten jünger sind und, dass (iv) Versicherte mit Schizophrenie besonders zeitig berentet werden. Die Reha-Inanspruchnahme vor Berentung liegt bei ca. 50%.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass bislang wenige statistisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse über die Zusammenhänge von Risikofaktoren und der EMBP in Deutschland vorliegen. Auffällig ist, dass, obwohl psychosomatische Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen als effektiv gelten, nicht mehr als die Hälfte aller psychisch EM-Berenteten im Vorfeld der Berentung diese in Anspruch nehmen. Der Fokus zukünftiger Arbeiten sollte auf der systematischen Identifikation von Risikofaktoren der EMBP und von Reha-Zugangsbarrieren für Versicherte mit Rehabilitationsbedarf liegen, um Ansatzpunkte für präventive und individuelle Maßnahmen entwickeln zu können.
Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Does Not Impact Fusion Rates in a Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Dependent Rat Posterolateral Arthrodesis Model
Authors: Ghodasra Jason H. , Nickoli Michael S. , Hashmi Sohaib Z. , Nelson John T. , Mendoza Marco , Nicolas Joseph D. , Bellary Sharath S. , Sonn Kevin , Ashtekar Amruta , Park Christian J. , Babu Jacob , Yun Chawon , Ghosh Anjan , Kannan Abhishek , Stock Stuart R. , Hsu Wellington K. , Hsu Erin L. 
Published: June 2015

Study Design Randomized, controlled animal study. Objective Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is frequently utilized as a bone graft substitute in spinal fusions to overcome the difficult healing environment in patients with osteoporosis. However, the effects of estrogen deficiency and poor bone quality on rhBMP-2 efficacy are unknown. This study sought to determine whether rhBMP-2-induced healing is affected by estrogen deficiency and poor bone quality in a stringent osteoporotic posterolateral spinal fusion model. Methods Aged female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent an ovariectomy (OVX group) or a sham procedure, and the OVX animals were fed a low-calcium, low-phytoestrogen diet. After 12 weeks, the animals underwent a posterolateral spinal fusion with 1 μg rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge. Representative animals were sacrificed at 1 week postoperative for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin serum analyses. The remaining animals underwent radiographs 2 and 4 weeks after surgery and were subsequently euthanized for fusion analysis by manual palpation, micro–computed tomography (CT) imaging, and histologic analysis. Results The ALP and osteocalcin levels were similar between the control and OVX groups. Manual palpation revealed no significant differences in the fusion scores between the control (1.42 ± 0.50) and OVX groups (1.83 ± 0.36; p = 0.07). Fusion rates were 100% in both groups. Micro-CT imaging revealed no significant difference in the quantity of new bone formation, and histologic analysis demonstrated bridging bone across the transverse processes in fused animals from both groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates that estrogen deficiency and compromised bone quality do not negatively influence spinal fusion when utilizing rhBMP-2, and the osteoinductive capacity of the growth factor is not functionally reduced under osteoporotic conditions in the rat. Although osteoporosis is a risk factor for pseudarthrosis/nonunion, rhBMP-2-induced healing was not inhibited in osteoporotic rats.
DC-SIGN activation mediates the differential effects of SAP and CRP on the innate immune system and inhibits fibrosis in mice
Authors: Cox Nehemiah , Pilling Darrell , Gomer Richard H. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Pentraxins such as serum amyloid P (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have significant, and for SAP dominant, effects on the innate immune system. This report shows that contrary to the current model of how SAP and CRP are sensed by cells, Fcγ receptors are not necessary for SAP to regulate the innate immune system. This report considerably changes our understanding of the endogenous regulation of the innate immune system and connections between innate immune system signaling and epithelial cell signaling. The identification of DC-SIGN as a SAP receptor, the potential use of anti–DC-SIGN antibodies as a therapeutic, and the observation that remarkably low concentrations of a DC-SIGN ligand are therapeutic in a mouse model of fibrosis, create a new approach to treat fibrosis.
Rescue of the Stargardt phenotype in
Abca4
knockout mice through inhibition of vitamin A dimerization
Authors: Charbel Issa Peter , Barnard Alun R. , Herrmann Philipp , Washington Ilyas , MacLaren Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium precedes retinal degenerations and dystrophies responsible for blindness-causing retinal diseases. The mechanism behind lipofuscin formation in the retina or in any tissue is poorly understood. Here we show in mice that the dimerization of vitamin A is responsible for triggering the formation of more than 50% of ocular lipofuscin. Replacing three hydrogen atoms on vitamin A with deuterium inhibits vitamin A dimerization, resulting in reduced lipofuscin and transcriptional normalization of genes associated with inflammation without compromising retinal function. Thus, vitamin A deuterated at the carbon 20 position provides a clinically amiable tool to prevent vitamin A dimerization in humans to assess whether impeding such dimerization might prevent retinal degenerations such as Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration.
Evaluation of sterol transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria using mitochondrially targeted bacterial sterol acyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tian Siqi , Ohta Akinori , Horiuchi Hiroyuki , Fukuda Ryouichi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of interorganelle sterol transport, a system to evaluate sterol transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the mitochondria was constructed. A bacterial glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acyltransferase fused with a mitochondria-targeting sequence and a membrane-spanning domain of the mitochondrial inner membrane protein Pet100 and enhanced green fluorescent protein was expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant deleted for ARE1 and ARE2 encoding acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases. Microscopic observation and subcellular fractionation suggested that this fusion protein, which was named mito-SatA-EGFP, was localized in the mitochondria. Steryl esters were synthesized in the mutant expressing mito-SatA-EGFP. This system will be applicable for evaluations of sterol transport from the ER to the mitochondria in yeast by examining sterol esterification in the mitochondria.
FoldNucleus: web server for the prediction of RNA and protein folding nuclei from their 3D structures
Authors: Pereyaslavets Leonid B. , Sokolovsky Igor V. , Galzitskaya Oxana V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: To gain insight into how biopolymers fold as quickly as they do, it is useful to determine which structural elements limit the rate of RNA/protein folding.
Summary: We have created a new web server, FoldNucleus. Using this server, it is possible to calculate the folding nucleus for RNA molecules with known 3D structures—including pseudoknots, tRNAs, hairpins and ribozymes—and for protein molecules with known 3D structures, as long as they are smaller than 200 amino acid residues. Researchers can determine and understand which elements of the structure limit the folding process for various types of RNAs and protein molecules. Experimental Ф values for 21 proteins can be found and compared with those determined by our method: http://bioinfo.protres.ru/resources/phi_values.htm.
Availability and implementation: http://bioinfo.protres.ru/foldnucleus/.
Contact: ogalzit@vega.protres.ru
Improving prediction of fall risk among nursing home residents using electronic medical records
Authors: Marier Allison , Olsho Lauren E.W. , Rhodes William , Spector William D. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objective Falls are physically and financially costly, but may be preventable with targeted intervention. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is one potential source of information on fall risk factors among nursing home residents, but its limited breadth and relatively infrequent updates may limit its practical utility. Richer, more frequently updated data from electronic medical records (EMRs) may improve ability to identify individuals at highest risk for falls.
Methods The authors applied a repeated events survival model to analyze MDS 3.0 and EMR data for 5129 residents in 13 nursing homes within a single large California chain that uses a centralized EMR system from a leading vendor. Estimated regression parameters were used to project resident fall probability. The authors examined the proportion of observed falls within each projected fall risk decile to assess improvements in predictive power from including EMR data.
Results In a model incorporating fall risk factors from the MDS only, 28.6% of observed falls occurred among residents in the highest projected risk decile. In an alternative specification incorporating more frequently updated measures for the same risk factors from the EMR data, 32.3% of observed falls occurred among residents in the highest projected risk decile, a 13% increase over the base MDS-only specification.
Conclusions Incorporating EMR data improves ability to identify those at highest risk for falls relative to prediction using MDS data alone. These improvements stem chiefly from the greater frequency with which EMR data are updated, with minimal additional gains from availability of additional risk factor variables.
Interaction between an emerging flux region and a pre-existing fan-spine dome observed by IRIS and SDO
Authors: Jiang Fayu , Zhang Jun , Yang Shuhong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We present multiwavelength observations of a fan-spine dome in the active region NOAA 11996 with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on 2014 March 9. The destruction of the fan-spine topology owing to the interaction between its magnetic fields and a nearby emerging flux region (EFR) is observed for the first time. The line-of-sight magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the SDO reveal that the dome is located on the mixed magnetic fields, with its rim rooted in the redundant positive polarity surrounding the minority parasitic negative fields. The fan surface of the dome consists of a filament system and recurring jets are observed along its spine. The jet occurring around 13:54 UT is accompanied by a quasi-circular ribbon that brightens in the clockwise direction along the bottom rim of the dome, which may indicate an occurrence of slipping reconnection in the fan-spine topology. The EFR emerges continuously and meets with the magnetic fields of the dome. Magnetic cancellations take place between the emerging negative polarity and the outer positive polarity of the dome's fields, which lead to the rise of the loop connecting the EFR and brightenings related to the dome. A single Gaussian fit to the profiles of the IRIS Si IV 1394 Å line is used in the analysis. It appears that there are two rising components along the slit, in addition to the rise in the line-of-sight direction. The cancellation process repeats again and again. Eventually the fan-spine dome is destroyed and a new connectivity is formed. We suggest that magnetic reconnection between the EFR and the magnetic fields of the fan-spine dome is responsible for the destruction of the dome.
Customized “In-Office” Three-Dimensional Printing for Virtual Surgical Planning in Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Mendez Bernardino M. , Chiodo Michael V. , Patel Parit A. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Virtual surgical planning using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has improved surgical efficiency and precision.1–4 A limitation to this technology is that production of 3D surgical models requires a third-party source, leading to increased costs (up to $4000) and prolonged assembly times (averaging 2–3 weeks).4,5 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, cost, and production time of customized skull models created by an “in-office” 3D printer for craniofacial reconstruction.

Methods:
Two patients underwent craniofacial reconstruction with the assistance of “in-office” 3D printing technology. Three-dimensional skull models were created from a bioplastic filament with a 3D printer using computed tomography (CT) image data. The cost and production time for each model were measured.

Results:
For both patients, a customized 3D surgical model was used preoperatively to plan split calvarial bone grafting and intraoperatively to more efficiently and precisely perform the craniofacial reconstruction. The average cost for surgical model production with the “in-office” 3D printer was $25 (cost of bioplastic materials used to create surgical model) and the average production time was 14 hours.

Conclusions:
Virtual surgical planning using “in office” 3D printing is feasible and allows for a more cost-effective and less time consuming method for creating surgical models and guides. By bringing 3D printing to the office setting, we hope to improve intraoperative efficiency, surgical precision, and overall cost for various types of craniofacial and reconstructive surgery.
Extradural Ossification Following Epidural Hematoma in Children
Authors: Claiborne Jeffrey R. , Hoge Margaret K. , Wood Benjamin C. , Couture Daniel E. , David Lisa R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
There has been a profound increase in the number of patients undergoing head computed tomography after minor injuries and the identification of epidural hematomas has risen concurrently. Although emergent craniotomy and evacuation has been the conventional standard for management, some epidural hematomas can be managed nonoperatively in carefully selected patients. Because of the difficulty in clinically monitoring epidural hematoma absorption and resolution because of the attributed risks of imaging radiation exposure in pediatric patients, the exact incidence of epidural hematoma ossification is unknown.
Integrating epidural hematoma calcification into management algorithms is not clearly defined in the literature. The authors report a case of a 2-year-old girl with a calcified epidural hematoma requiring surgical treatment. With the incidence of epidural hematomas rising, providers should be aware of the rare but consequential incidence of epidural hematoma ossification. After literature review and discussion of the pathophysiology, the authors present an algorithmic approach to account for this rare entity. For conservative management of asymptomatic epidural hematomas, providers should consider follow-up magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate resolution in 2 to 3 months. If the magnetic resonance imaging indicates a failure to resolve, a computed tomography scan should then be performed to evaluate ossification and possible need for surgical intervention.