bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of magnetic field distributions for the measurement of magnetic resonance signals using optically pumped atomic magnetometers
Authors: Tsuchida Masahiro , Oida Takenori , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn ultralow‐ﬁeld MRI with an optically pumped atomic magnetometer (OPAM), it is required for the direct detection of MR signals with high sensitivity to match the resonant frequency of potassium to that of protons. A ferrite shield box, which has high permeability and high electric resistance, can be utilized to match the resonant frequencies. In this study, analyses of magnetic ﬁeld distributions in the vicinities of the sample and the potassium vapor cell of an OPAM were carried out. In addition, the uniformities of the magnetic ﬁelds in the areas of the sample and the potassium vapor cell of the OPAM and the magnetic ﬁeld caused by MR signals were evaluated. These analyses indicated that the resonant frequencies of protons and potassium were matched by using the ferrite shield box with a number of combinations of height and thickness. The uniformities of the magnetic ﬁelds applied to a sample were found to be improved by placing the ferrite shield box far from the sample. Furthermore, regardless of the height, the magnetic ﬁeld caused by the MR signals could be measured. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(6): 49–56, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11455 3
Sterically Encumbered Amidinates and Guanidinates of Calcium and Strontium
Authors: Glock Carsten , Loh Claas , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn attempt to prepare Tmp‐C(NDipp)2Li by treatment of lithium tetramethylpiperidide (Li‐Tmp) with N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide (Dipp‐N=C=N‐Dipp) failed, and ether degradation occurred instead, allowing the isolation of a few crystals of O=CH–CH=C(NH‐Dipp)2 (1) after hydrolytic work‐up. We then investigated calcium and strontium compounds. Metalation of PrisoH [Priso = iPr2N–C(N‐Dipp)2] with [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] in refluxing hexane for 18 h yielded [{(Me3Si)2N}(thf)Ca(Priso)] (2). At room temperature, very few crystals of [Ca(Priso)2]·hexane (3) precipitated after several months from a saturated hexane solution of 2. KN(SiMe3)2 was added to a THF solution of [(thf)4CaI2] and PrisoH and heated to 60 °C for several hours yielding [(thf)Ca(Priso)(μ‐I)]2 (4). Metalation of PrisoH with [(thf)2Sr{N(SiMe3)2}2] led to formation of [Sr(Priso)2] (5) regardless of the applied stoichiometry. The reaction of N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidine with KN(SiMe3)2 and [(thf)4CaI2] in THF followed by recrystallization from 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (dme) solution yielded [(dme)Ca{(Dipp‐N)2C–Ph}2] (6). The molecular structures of these compounds are discussed and compared with those of other encumbered complexes of divalent metal ions.
Design of a Solid‐State Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Detection of PML/RARα Fusion Gene Using Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$‐AuNPs Aggregations on Gold Electrode
Authors: Lei Yun , Lin Yajing , Zheng Yanjie , Dai Ming , Wang Kun , Lin Xinhua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA solid‐state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on special ferrocene‐labeled molecular beacon (Fc‐MB) for highly sensitive detection of promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα) fusion gene was developed successfully using Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$/2‐(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) as detecting pattern. Such a special sensor involves two main parts, an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Ruthenium (II) tris‐(bipyridine) and Au nanoparticles (Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$‐AuNPs) onto the Au electrode (AuE) surface. The molecular beacon probe in which the ferrocene tag could effectively quench the ECL of the Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$acted as ECL intensity switch. The molecular beacon probe was designed with special base sequence, which could hybridize with its complementary target DNA. In the absence of a target, the hairpin structure of the probe forced the ferrocene (Fc) into close proximity with the ECL substrate, thus reducing ECL intensity. Target binding allowed the Fc away from the ECL substrate and resulted in an obvious increment in ECL intensity due to the decreased Fc quenching effect. The effect of the amount of Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$ and the mixing procedure of Ru(bpy)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$ and AuNPs solution on the fabrication of ECL film had been investigated. As a result, the change of ECL intensity had a direct relationship with the logarithm of PML/RARα fusion gene concentration in the range of 0.05–500 pM with a detection limit of 7 fM, and the developed biosensor possessed good molecular recognizability in human serum. Thus, the approach holds promise for the early diagnostics and prognosis monitoring of APL and other diseases.
Assessing bioavailability of DDT and metabolites in marine sediments using solid-phase microextraction with performance reference compounds
Authors: Bao Lian-Jun , Jia Fang , Crago J. , Zeng Eddy Y. , Schlenk D. , Gan Jay 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has often been used to estimate the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of organic contaminants in sediments. A significant limitation in the application of SPME for Cfree measurement is the requirement for attaining equilibrium partition, which is often difficult for strongly hydrophobic compounds such as DDT. A method was developed using SPME with stable isotope-labeled analogues as performance reference compounds (PRCs) to measure Cfree of DDT and metabolites (DDTs) in marine sediments. Six 13C-labeled or deuterated PRCs were impregnated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber before use. Desorption of PRCs from PDMS fibers and absorption of DDTs from sediment were isotropic in a range of sediments evaluated ex situ under well-mixed conditions. When applied to a historically contaminated marine sediment from a Superfund site, the PRC-SPME method yielded Cfree values identical to those found by using a conventional equilibrium SPME approach (Eq-SPME), wherease the time for mixing was reduced from 9 d to only 9 h. The PRC-SPME method was further evaluated against bioaccumulation of DDTs by Neanthes arenaceodentata in the contaminated sediment with or without amendment of activated carbon or sand. Strong correlations were consistently found between the derived equilibrium concentrations on the fiber and lipid-normalized tissue residues for DDTs in the worms. Results from the present study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of coupling PRCs with SPME sampling to greatly shorten sampling time, thus affording much improved flexibility in the use of SPME for bioavailability evaluation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1946–1953. © 2013 SETAC
Functional properties of Ditaxis heterantha proteins
Authors: Espino‐Sevilla Ma T. , Jaramillo‐Flores Maria E. , Hernández‐Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Mateos‐Díaz Juan C. , Espinosa‐Andrews Hugo , Barba de la Rosa Ana P. , Rodiles‐López Jose O. , Villanueva‐Rodríguez Socorro , Lugo‐Cervantes Eugenia C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDitaxis heterantha is a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family that grows in semiarid regions of Mexico. It produces yellow pigmented seeds that are used for coloring of foods. The seeds contain about 20% of proteins. Proteins of D. heterantha were extracted and fractionated on the basis of solubility. Three main protein fractions were obtained: glutelins, 488 ± 0.5; albumins, 229 ± 2; and total globulins, 160 ± 1 g/kg. The amino acid profile was evaluated for each fraction and protein isolated, where the protein isolate contains essential amino acids such as Val, Phe, Tyr, and Leu. A calorimetric study showed that globulins and glutelins have a high denaturing temperature between 100 and 106°C, while albumins showed a denaturing temperature at 76°C. The protein isolate and its fractions exhibited functional properties: the isolated protein demonstrated good oil‐holding capacity of 40.7 g/kg. Foam capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) were observed principally in glutelins and globulins where FC maximum was 330% and the FS was 28 min. The emulsifying capacity was observed in the same fractions of glutelins and globulins, followed by albumins. However, the glutelin fraction in particular was the only fraction that exhibited emulsifying stability at pH 5, 6, and 7. Gelling capacity was observed in albumins and globulins. This study indicated that protein isolated from D. heterantha could be used in food formulations due to its essential amino acid profile. Glutelin could be used as an emulsifying additive. Additionally, glutelin and globulin were stable at temperatures above 100°C; this is an important factor in food industry, principally in heat processes.
Recent increase in high tropical cyclone heat potential area in the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pun Iam‐Fei , Lin I.‐I. , Lo Min‐Hui 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Main Development Region (MDR) for tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific Ocean is the most active TC region in the world. Based on synergetic analyses of satellite altimetry and gravity observations, we found that the subsurface ocean conditions in the western North Pacific MDR has become even more favorable for the intensification of typhoons and supertyphoons. Compared to the early 1990s, a 10% increase in both the depth of the 26°C isotherm (D26) and Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) has occurred in the MDR. In addition, the areas of high TCHP (≥ 110 kJ cm−2) and large D26 (≥ 110 m) have 13% and 17% increases, respectively. Because these high TCHP and large D26 regions are often associated with intensification of the most intense TCs (i.e. supertyphoons), this recent warming requires close attention and monitoring.
DO THEY KNOW WHAT IS AT RISK? HEALTH RISK PERCEPTION AMONG THE OBESE
Authors: Winter Joachim , Wuppermann Amelie 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe perception of health risks and risky health behaviors are closely associated. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of health risk perceptions among obese individuals, aged 50–62 years. We compare subjective risk perceptions for various diseases elicited in the American Life Panel to individual's objective risks of the same diseases. We find that obese individuals significantly underestimate their 5‐year risks of arthritis or rheumatism and hypertension, whereas they systematically overestimate their 5‐year risks of a heart attack and a stroke. Obese individuals are thus aware of some but not all obesity‐related health risks. For given diseases, we document substantial heterogeneities in the accuracy of expectations across individuals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery programme for vaginal hysterectomy: a comparison of pre and post‐implementation expenditures
Authors: Relph Sophie , Bell Alice , Sivashanmugarajan Viswapriya , Munro Kerry , Chigwidden Kelly , Lloyd Sue , Fakokunde Abiodun , Yoong Wai 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYEnhanced Recovery After Surgery programmes were first conceived to optimise perioperative patient care and have been delivered by surgical specialities in the UK for over a decade. Although their safety and acceptability have been ratified in many surgical fields including gynaecology and colorectal surgery, the cost effectiveness of its implementation in benign vaginal surgery remains unclear.In this case‐control study, the perioperative expenditure for 45 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy at a North London teaching hospital after implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway was compared with 45 matched controls prior to implementation.Frequency of catheter use (84.4% vs. 95.6%) and median length of stay (23.5 vs. 42.9 h) were significantly lower following implementation of pathway (both p < 0.05). Although enhanced recovery patients were more likely to attend the accident and emergency department for minor symptoms following discharge (15.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.05), the inpatient readmission rate (6.7% vs. 0.0%, p > 0.05) was similar in both groups. Establishing the programme incurred additional expenditures including delivering a patient‐orientated gynaecology ‘school’ and employing a specialist enhanced recovery nurse, but despite these, we demonstrated a saving of 15.2% (or £164.86) per patient.The cost efficiency savings, coupled with increased satisfaction and no rise in morbidity, offers a very attractive means of managing women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. We believe that our data can be reproduced in other centres and recommend that the pathway be used routinely in women undergoing these procedures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Structures of Yttrium Iron Garnet/Gadolinium Gallium Garnet Superlattice Thin Films Studied by Synchrotron X‐Ray Surface Scattering
Authors: Lee Chih‐Hao , Liang Keng S. , Chern M. Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractX‐ray measurements (specular and off‐specular X‐ray reflectivity, in‐plane and plane‐normal diffraction and truncation rod measurement) were carried out to characterize the epitaxial magnetic multilayers of yttrium iron garnet/gadolinium gallium garnet(GGG) on GGG substrate grown by the laser ablation deposition method. The perfection of the multilayer epitaxy can be better revealed in the observation of the 2nd harmonics of superlattice peaks in the reflectivity measurement, the forbidden diffraction peaks and the truncation rod measurement.
Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Self Assembling on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified GC Electrode for Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Razmi Habib , Jabbari Mohammad , Mohammad‐Rezaei Rahim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA facile, fast, and convenient route was suggested for the fabrication of Prussian blue nano particles (PBNPs) assembled on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (PBNPs|RGO|GCE). RGO was electrodeposited on the surface of GCE and the prepared RGO|GCE was immersed into a ferric‐hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and PBNPs were assembled on the RGO|GCE for a certain period of time. The PBNPs film thickness can be easily controlled by adjusting the assembling duration. The developed PBNPs|RGO|GCE was successfully used for determining hydrogen peroxide, with a linear response over the concentration range 0.5‐400 μM, a good accuracy and precision, detection limit 0.44 μM, and sensitivity 1168 mA M−1 cm−2.
A Facile and Rapid Sonochemical Route to Synthesize Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silicas MCM‐48 and Al‐MCM‐48 with Ia3d Cubic Structure Using Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Wu Hao‐Yiang , Huang Shi‐Zhe , Ting Chun‐Chiang , Deka Juti Rani , Kao Hsien‐Ming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHighly ordered cubic mesoporous silicas MCM‐48 and Al‐MCM‐48 with high surface areas were successfully synthesized using Gemini surfactant as template under basic conditions within a very short time period with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation. The introduction of ultrasonic irradiation as an intermediate synthesis step before the hydrothermal treatment has reduced the total synthesis time significantly from 7 days to 24 hours, which is much shorter than the required time for the conventional synthesis of MCM‐48 directly via the hydrothermal route alone. The structural and textural properties of the resultant materials can be finely tuned by varying the ultrasonic irradiation time for pure MCM‐48 and Al‐MCM‐48 with various Si/Al ratios. The final products exhibited well ordered cubic Ia3d mesostructure with surface areas in the range of 968‐1861 m2g−1, pore volumes of 0.52‐0.91 cm3g−1, and pore diameters in the range of 1.9‐2.9 nm, which are comparable to the conventional analogues.
Trends in ozone, its precursors, and related secondary oxidation products in Los Angeles, California: A synthesis of measurements from 1960 to 2010
Authors: Pollack Ilana B. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Trainer Michael , Neuman J. A. , Roberts James M. , Parrish David D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDecreases in ozone (O3) observed in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) over the past five decades have resulted from decreases in local emissions of its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ozone precursors have been characterized in the SoCAB with measurements dating back to 1960. Here we compile an extensive historical data set using measurements in the SoCAB between 1960 and 2010. Faster rates of decrease have occurred in abundances of VOCs (−7.3 ± 0.7% yr−1) than in NOx (−2.6 ± 0.3% yr−1), which have resulted in a decrease in VOC/NOx ratio (−4.8 ± 0.9% yr−1) over time. Trends in the NOx oxidation products peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and nitric acid (HNO3), measured in the SoCAB since 1973, show changes in ozone production chemistry resulting from changes in precursor emissions. Decreases in abundances of PAN (−9.3 ± 1.1% yr−1) and HNO3 (−3.0 ± 0.8% yr−1) reflect trends in VOC and NOx precursors. Enhancement ratios of O3 to (PAN + HNO3) show no detectable trend in ozone production efficiency, while a positive trend in the oxidized fraction of total reactive nitrogen (+2.2 ± 0.5% yr−1) suggests that atmospheric oxidation rates of NOx have increased over time as a result of the emissions changes. Changes in NOx oxidation pathways have increasingly favored production of HNO3, a radical termination product associated with quenching the ozone formation cycle.
A validated assay by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantification of elvitegravir and rilpivirine in HIV positive patients
Authors: Aouri Manel , Calmy Alexandra , Hirschel Bernard , Telenti Amalio , Buclin Thierry , Cavassini Matthias , Rauch Andri , Decosterd Laurent A. 
Published: May 2013

Because of the large variability in the pharmacokinetics of anti‐HIV drugs, therapeutic drug monitoring in patients may contribute to optimize the overall efficacy and safety of antiretroviral therapy. An LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous assay in plasma of the novel antiretroviral agents rilpivirine (RPV) and elvitegravir (EVG) has been developed to that endeavor. Plasma samples (100 μL) extraction is performed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and the supernatant is subsequently diluted 1:1 with 20‐mM ammonium acetate/MeOH 50:50. After reverse‐phase chromatography, quantification of RPV and EVG, using matrix‐matched calibration samples, is performed by electrospray ionization–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by selected reaction monitoring detection using the positive mode. The stable isotopic‐labeled compounds RPV‐13C6 and EVG‐D6 were used as internal standards.The method was validated according to FDA recommendations, including assessment of extraction yield, matrix effects variability (<6.4%), as well as EVG and RPV short and long‐term stability in plasma. Calibration curves were validated over the clinically relevant concentrations ranging from 5 to 2500 ng/ml for RPV and from 50 to 5000 ng/ml for EVG. The method is precise (inter‐day CV%: 3–6.3%) and accurate (3.8–7.2%). Plasma samples were found to be stable (<15%) in all considered conditions (RT/48 h, +4°C/48 h, −20°C/3 months and 60°C/1 h). Selected metabolite profiles analysis in patients' samples revealed the presence of EVG glucuronide, that was well separated from parent EVG, allowing to exclude potential interferences through the in‐source dissociation of glucuronide to parent drug. This new, rapid and robust LCMS/MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of plasma concentrations of these two major new anti‐HIV drugs EVG and RPV offers an efficient analytical tool for clinical pharmacokinetics studies and routine therapeutic drug monitoring service. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic rhinosinusitis increased the risk of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Keller Joseph J. , Wu Chuan‐Song , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough chronic periodontitis (CP) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) both share immunological disturbances as pathological factors, no prior study has investigated the risk for CP among patients with CRS. This study set out to provide an estimation of risk by utilizing a cohort study design to leverage the statistical power of a population‐based dataset in Taiwan.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsIn total, 13,782 CRS subjects were included in the study cohort and 41,346 subjects were randomly extracted for the comparison cohort. We individually tracked each subject in this study (N = 55,128) for a 5‐year period following their index date to identify those subjects who received a subsequent diagnosis of CP. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to calculate the 5‐year risk of subsequent CP following a diagnosis of CRS among the sampled subjects.ResultsThe incidence rate of CP during the 5‐year follow‐up period was 5.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.95‐5.30) per 100 person‐years and 3.24 (95% CI, 3.17‐3.30) per 100 person‐years for the study and comparison cohort, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that the hazard ratio for CP during the 5‐year follow‐up period for subjects with CRS was 1.59 times (95% CI, 1.52‐1.67) that of comparison subjects after adjusting for monthly income, geographic region, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hyperlipidemia, and censoring for cases who died during the 5‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionsThis study detected an increased risk for CP among patients suffering from CRS. CRS patients should be alerted to pay particular attention to their oral hygiene practices to prevent both CP and its downstream sequelae.
Rapid estimation of cartilage T2 with reduced T1 sensitivity using double echo steady state imaging
Authors: Heule Rahel , Ganter Carl , Bieri Oliver 
Published: May 2013

PurposeIn principle, double echo steady state (DESS) offers morphological and quantitative T2 imaging of cartilage within one single scan. However, accurate T2 estimation is hampered by its prominent T1 dependency in the limit of low flip angles, generally used to image cartilage morphology, as for the osteoarthritis initiative. A new postprocessing approach is introduced to overcome this T1‐related bias for rapid DESS‐based T2 quantification in the low flip angle regime.MethodsBased on a rough global T1 estimator and a golden section search, T2 is extracted from the ratio of the two echoes acquired with DESS. The new relaxometry method is evaluated from simulations and in vivo 3D measurements of the knee joint at 3T.ResultsA pronounced reduction in the T1‐related bias of DESS‐T2 estimation and increased zonal variation in T2 between deep and superficial cartilage layers are observed. The improvement becomes particularly evident in the range of low flip angles (α < 45°), commonly used for morphological DESS imaging.ConclusionUsing a simple global T1 estimate, the reliability of DESS‐T2 quantification can be considerably increased. The results emphasize the potential of DESS to fuse accurate quantitative T2 and morphological imaging of the musculoskeletal system within one single scan. Magn Reson Med 71:1137–1143, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.