bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Matching in the Orientation of Desert Ants (Melophorus bagoti): The Effect of Changing Skyline Height
Authors: Julle‐Daniere Eglantine , Schultheiss Patrick , Wystrach Antoine , Schwarz Sebastian , Nooten Sabine S. , Bibost Anne‐Laurence , Cheng Ken 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAnts are known to use the terrestrial visual panorama in navigation. Recent evidence has accumulated for the use of the currently perceived visual panorama to determine a direction to head in. The pattern of the height of the terrestrial surround, the skyline, is one key cue for the Central Australian red honey ant Melophorus bagoti in determining a direction of travel. But ants might also possess some mechanism to match the skyline heights encountered during training, which functions to steer away from regions whose skyline is too high and towards regions whose skyline is too low. We made an initial test of this hypothesis by training ants to visit a feeder centred between two experimentally constructed walls of black cloth. Trained ants were then tested for their initial homing direction with the walls retaining their heights as encountered in training (controls), with one of the walls lowered or raised in height, or with one wall lowered and the opposite wall raised. Wall‐height manipulations deflected the initial headings of ants towards the lower wall, with combined wall lowering and wall raising changing the initial headings by ~30° when compared with controls. The results suggest that the ants combined the dictates of the panorama in determining the best direction of travel (a heading towards the nest) with some attractor mechanism that functions to establish the skyline heights of training conditions (a heading towards the lower wall).
Can CAM treatments be evidence‐based?
Authors: Louhiala Pekka , Hemilä Harri 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this article, we first take a critical look at the definitions of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We then explore the question of whether there can be evidence‐based forms of CAM. With the help of three examples, we show that EBM and CAM are not opposites, but rather concepts pointing at different dimensions. Each of the three examples is an evidence‐based treatment according to three to five randomised, double‐blind placebo controlled trials with consistent findings and narrow pooled confidence intervals. The most reasonable interpretation for the existence of evidence‐based CAM treatments seems to be that the opposite of CAM is ‘mainstream medicine’, and the demarcation line between CAM and mainstream medicine is not simply defined by the question of whether a treatment works or not. Some effective treatments may belong to the CAM domain for historical reasons and because of preconceptions within mainstream medicine. Therefore, some treatments that currently lie outside mainstream medicine can be evidence‐based.
Tailoring dialysis and resuming low‐protein diets may favor chronic dialysis discontinuation: Report on three cases
Authors: Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Guzzo Gabriella , Vigotti Federica Neve , Capizzi Irene , Clari Roberta , Scognamiglio Stefania , Consiglio Valentina , Aroasio Emiliano , Gonella Silvana , Veltri Andrea , Avagnina Paolo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRenal function recovery (RFR), defined as the discontinuation of dialysis after 3 months of replacement therapy, is reported in about 1% of chronic dialysis patients. The role of personalized, intensive dialysis schedules and of resuming low‐protein diets has not been studied to date. This report describes three patients with RFR who were recently treated at a new dialysis unit set up to offer intensive hemodialysis. All three patients were females, aged 73, 75, and 78 years. Kidney disease included vascular‐cholesterol emboli, diabetic nephropathy and vascular and dysmetabolic disease. At time of RFR, the patients had been dialysis‐dependent from 3 months to 1 year. Dialysis was started with different schedules and was progressively discontinued with a “decremental” policy, progressively decreasing number and duration of the sessions. A moderately restricted low‐protein diet (proteins 0.6 g/kg/day) was started immediately after dialysis discontinuation. The most recent update showed that two patients are well off dialysis for 5 and 6 months; the diabetic patient died (sudden death) 3 months after dialysis discontinuation. Within the limits of small numbers, our case series may suggest a role for personalized dialysis treatments and for including low‐protein diets in the therapy, in enhancing long‐term RFR in elderly dialysis patients.
Pre‐Pleistocene origin of an endangered habitat: links between vernal pools and aquatic Oxalis in the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa
Authors: Oberlander Kenneth C. , Roets Francois , Dreyer Léanne L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimVernal pools constitute a minute and under‐studied habitat type scattered across the species‐rich Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), and harbour a number of endemic species from a wide variety of phylogenetic backgrounds. The unique species complements, restricted habitat size and high levels of anthropogenic threat to these ecosystems merit more intensive research focus. In this study, we explore the history of vernal pool habitat through the lens of a major component of the vernal pool flora, Oxalis L.LocationGreater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.MethodsWe reconstructed phylogenies of southern African Oxalis using two plastid markers, including all vernal pool inhabitants, in a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo context. We conducted Shimodaira–Hasegawa and Bayes factor tests of topology to assess the number of independent invasions of vernal pool habitat. We used ancestral state reconstruction across a range of probable trees to find the oldest nodes that could be convincingly reconstructed as vernal pool inhabitants. Divergence time estimation of these nodes used two different approaches to account for a lack of fossil data in the Oxalidaceae.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data show conclusively that Oxalis has invaded this habitat type multiple times. Ancestral state reconstruction and divergence time estimation suggest an extreme minimum age for this habitat type of 2.3 million years, with more credible estimates suggesting origins deep in the Pliocene or latest Miocene.Main conclusionsThese data suggest that, despite their insignificant total surface areas, vernal pools are a surprisingly ancient and persistent feature of the GCFR landscape.
Generational Differences in Values in Central and Eastern Europe: The Effects of Politico‐Economic Transition
Authors: Turkina Ekaterina , Surzhko‐Harned Lena 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article explores the effects of post‐communist transition and European enlargement on intergenerational politico‐economic values in three groups of countries: Central and Eastern European countries that became European Union members; countries with EU membership prospects; and those that have no membership prospects, at least in the foreseeable future. The analysis indicates considerable differences between these three groups of countries and shows that over time Europeanization served as an intra‐cohort mechanism of social change: it smoothed over intergenerational differences and led to a trend of convergence in values between new Eastern members of the EU and Western Europe. Europeanization also appears to have some harmonizing power on intergenerational differences in countries with EU membership prospects. At the same time, the rough post‐communist transition process and the lack of consolidation mechanisms created considerable intergenerational differences in European countries without EU membership prospects, as revealed by the dominance of cohort replacement mechanism in these countries.
Discriminating Drying Method of Tarhana Using Computer Vision
Authors: Kurtulmuş F. , Gürbüz O. , Değirmencioğlu N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTarhana is a traditionally fermented wheat flour product ofTurkey which has high nutritional value. A rapid and objective evaluation of tarhana quality by assessing the used drying method is important for producers and packaging companies. A computer vision method was developed to discriminate between drying methods of tarhana. Tarhana samples were prepared with three drying methods: sun dried, oven dried and microwave dried. An image acquisition station was constituted under artificial illumination. Different types of machine learning methods and feature selection methods were tested to find an effective system for the discrimination between drying methods of tarhana using visual texture features with different color components. Experimental results showed that the best accuracy rate (99.5%) was achieved with aK‐nearest‐neighbors classifier through the feature model based on stepwise discriminant analysis.Practical ApplicationsThe computer vision system proposed in this study can be used as an inspection tool for discrimination of drying method of tarhana by producers and packaging companies.
Dysregulation of multiple inflammatory molecules in lymph node and ileum of macaques during RT‐SHIV infection with or without antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ambrose Zandrea , Kline Christopher , Polacino Patricia , Hu Shiu‐Lok 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is characterized by a loss of CD4+ T cells and chronic lymphocyte activation even during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsUsing NanoString, expression of >100 molecules associated with inflammation or immune activation was evaluated in mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum of macaques infected with a pathogenic SIV/HIV virus, RT‐SHIV, during viremia or during suppressive ART and compared to uninfected controls.ResultsOf the 105 RNA species quantified in the tissues, expression of 33 genes was altered significantly in one or both tissues during viremia but returned to normal levels during ART. However, 29 additional genes were altered in expression levels in the tissues of both viremic and ART‐suppressed macaques.ConclusionsIdentification of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation in specific cells and in different tissues may help determine whether early ART initiation or novel therapies can prevent it.
The contribution of nurse consultants in England to the public health leadership agenda
Authors: Franks Helen 
Published: May 2014

Aims and objectivesTo examine the contribution of nurse consultants in relation to UK public health outcomes by contrasting the health and public health skills frameworks with a study of the role of nurse consultants.BackgroundNurse consultants are the most senior advanced nurse practitioners in the UK. They work clinically, lead, research, develop policy and disseminate knowledge.DesignA synthesis of research and data from the UK professional skills frameworks with data from a mixed‐methods study of the role of nurse consultants.MethodData collected from nurse consultants and stakeholders in England (n = 10) were analysed to identify issues impacting on the skills, competencies and effectiveness of advanced nurses. This was contrasted with the skills and career frameworks for public health and advanced healthcare practice.ResultsNurse consultants use their clinical expertise to lead practice, facilitate change and monitor effectiveness. Within healthcare organisations, they contribute servicewide to the implementation of public health policy, service delivery and policy development, mirroring expected competencies and improved health outcomes. Two barriers were identified. First, that there was little time or will for nurse consultants to undertake research, precluding them from demonstrating their value. Second, that a lack of interprofessional understanding and support of their roles meant that their worth was often not appreciated by decision‐makers.ConclusionsNurse consultants lead and influence public health on many levels and need support to develop needs‐led and evidence‐based local, national and international public health practice and policy development.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research contributes to the global discussion currently being held about the nomenclature of advanced nurse practitioner roles, their scope and influence. The challenge for nurses to contribute meaningfully to public health structures at an advanced level is a concern for all nations seeking the common goal of addressing public health needs within their populations and suggests that further development of our understanding of the potential contribution of advanced nurses is needed.
A quality improvement programme with a specialist nurse in a neurovascular clinic
Authors: McKee Jacqueline , Wade Carrie , McCarron Mark O 
Published: May 2014

Aims and objectivesTo measure the impact of a quality improvement programme with a stroke specialist nurse and increased capacity at neurovascular clinics.BackgroundTransient ischaemic attack and minor stroke are medical emergencies prompting urgent assessment and treatment. Delays in specialist assessment and management are frequent and may increase stroke risk.DesignPre‐ and post evaluation of intervention.MethodsAll patients referred to a neurovascular clinic were recorded during two phases: 2006–2008 and 2010–2012. For the 2010–2012 period, a stroke specialist nurse contacted all patients with appointment details, provided driving advice and asked for an eyewitness to attend the clinic. Diagnosis, delay in specialist assessment, prevalence of transient ischaemic attack/minor stroke as confirmed at the clinic and compliance with UK driving regulations were measured and compared before and after this intervention.ResultsA total of 1327 patients were assessed in the two study phases. Referrals to the neurovascular service increased without a decrease in the prevalence of transient ischaemic attack/minor stroke. Delays from clinical event to assessment were decreased for referrals from 36·5–13 days, and adherence to the UK driving restrictions improved for confirmed transient ischaemic attack/minor stroke patients from 61–94%. Fewer patients failed to attend a neurovascular appointment arranged by the stroke specialist nurse than those who failed a general neurology appointment arranged by partial booking.ConclusionsThis quality improvement programme reduced delays for all referred patients, improved compliance with driving regulations and demonstrated efficient use of neurovascular clinic spaces. Increasing local capacity may unmask more transient ischaemic attack/minor stroke patients.Relevance to clinical practiceA stroke nurse can help improve the efficiency of a neurovascular clinic and improve patient safety with driving advice.
Realizing nursing: a multimodal biopsychopharmacosocial approach to psychiatric nursing
Authors: Clark L. L. , Clarke T. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
This paper describes a person‐centred approach to psychiatric nursing assessment.
The biopsychopharmacosocial (BPPS) approach builds on previous models and best practice to promote person‐centred care planning.
The approach minimizes the risk of aspects of the person's condition being ignored or inappropriately attributed to a previously diagnosed medical or psychiatric condition (diagnostic overshadowing).
The BPPS approach structures and guides person‐centred nursing assessment, formulation and care planning, and will be most effective when supported by expert nurses and clinical academics.
AbstractThe biological and psychosocial components of health, illness and treatment are well recognized. In addition, pharmacological interventions interact with both these components regarding health and illness; all components are potentially modifiable. A better understanding of these interactions on the course of illness, especially at the interface between illness and treatment, is needed to guide effective clinical and psychiatric nursing interventions. To this end, a multimodal biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assessment, formulation, care planning and implementation by psychiatric nurses is proposed. It is argued that a biopsychopharmacosocial approach, including a multimodal functional element, provides a person‐centred, responsive and responsible basis for a comprehensive approach to practice. The use of this approach will improve intervention outcomes and contribute to the ongoing development of psychiatric nursing practice. It is suggested that, in part, this will be achieved through innovative teaching methods delivered by ‘expert nurses’ and clinical academics.
Pacific Crossings: Oceania and the Circulation of Literature in the 19th Century
Authors: Macleod Jock , Ellison David 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne consequence of increased European colonialism in the Pacific in the 19th century was a major growth in the circulation of literature, first from the colonial homelands and later from the colonies as well. This article introduces a cluster of three articles on the circulation of literature in the Pacific in the 19th century. It suggests that the elements that make up the ‘communications circuit’ for any publication change according to time, place and Imperial culture. Consequently, how we understand the circulation of literature in the Pacific depends on what aspect of the communication circuit we focus on, what time‐frame is at issue, and what part of the Pacific we are studying. The three articles that follow exemplify three different aspects of the communications circuit at three different moments in the 19th century Pacific. Acting as a cluster, they offer different but related perspectives on the circulation of literature in the Pacific in the 19th century.
Crossing ‘The Beach’: Samoa, Stevenson and ‘The Beach at Falesá’
Authors: Treagus Mandy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcross the islands of the Pacific during the 19th century, a resignification of the term ‘the beach’ occurred, as it took on a different and very specific meaning. It came to indicate a particular space of contact, where cultures and races mixed, and where trade, missionising and colonising occurred and new subjectivities developed. The figure of the ‘afakasi (mixed race Samoan) exemplifies many of the contradictions and possibilities of the beach, as ‘afakasi were both marginalised and yet often spectacularly successful in this environment. Stevenson lived in the vicinity of one of the more notable new Pacific beaches, Apia, and he and his extended family took a particular interest in the ‘afakasi members of their beach society. This interest provides a specific context for Stevenson's Pacific fiction, especially ‘The Beach at Falesá’, in which he acknowledges the potential emptiness of the late‐colonial project, yet never quite abandons its iteration of white colonial masculinity.
The New Zealand New Woman: Translating a British Cultural Figure to a Colonial Context
Authors: Hallum Kirby‐Jane 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhile New Woman scholarship has been a lively element of Victorian studies for the last 30 years, less attention has been given to the colonial space and the pressure it puts on the New Woman in the way in which her freedoms differed from that of her British counterpart. This essay for the Global Circulation Project begins to interrogate how the historical moment of the New Woman movement translates to a New Zealand context in the fiction of three turn‐of‐the‐century New Zealand writers: Julius Vogel (1835–1899), Louisa Alice Baker (1856–1926) and Edith Searle Grossmann (1863–1931). The state of criticism on each of these writers has tended to focus on their productive engagement with New Zealand cultural history rather their being situated within a New Woman literary tradition. Ranging from the late 1880s through to 1910, their writing shows a progression from a utopian vision of harmony between Britain and the colonies, to a refutation of the intellectual and cultural limitations of the colonial setting and, finally, to a rejection of Britain in favour of a distinctly New Zealand home. The three novels under analysis here are judged to be examples of New Zealand New Woman fiction and are recuperated within a wider framework of late 19th‐century New Woman writing.
Stem cells with decellularized liver scaffolds in liver regeneration and their potential clinical applications
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Lanjuan , Li Jun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEnd‐stage hepatic failure is a potentially life‐threatening condition for which orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only effective treatment. However, a shortage of available donor organs for transplantation each year results in the death of many patients waiting for liver transplantation. Cell‐based therapies and hepatic tissue engineering have been considered as alternatives to liver transplantation. However, primary hepatocyte transplantation has rarely produced therapeutic effects because mature hepatocytes cannot be effectively expanded in vitro, and the availability of hepatocytes is often limited by shortages of donor organs. Decellularization is an attractive technique for scaffold preparation in stem cell‐based liver engineering, as the resulting material can potentially retain the liver architecture, native vessel network and specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, the reconstruction of functional and practical liver tissue using decellularized scaffolds becomes possible. This review focuses on the current understanding of liver tissue engineering, whole‐organ liver decellularization techniques, cell sources for recellularization and potential clinical applications and challenges.
Divergent population structure and climate associations of a chromosomal inversion polymorphism across the Mimulus guttatus species complex
Authors: Oneal Elen , Lowry David B. , Wright Kevin M. , Zhu Zhirui , Willis John H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChromosomal rearrangement polymorphisms are common and increasingly found to be associated with adaptive ecological divergence and speciation. Rearrangements, such as inversions, reduce recombination in heterozygous individuals and thus can protect favourable allelic combinations at linked loci, facilitating their spread in the presence of gene flow. Recently, we identified a chromosomal inversion polymorphism that contributes to ecological adaptation and reproductive isolation between annual and perennial ecotypes of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Here we evaluate the population genetic structure of this inverted region in comparison with the collinear regions of the genome across the M. guttatus species complex. We tested whether annual and perennial M. guttatus exhibit different patterns of divergence for loci in the inverted and noninverted regions of the genome. We then evaluated whether there are contrasting climate associations with these genomic regions through redundancy analysis. We found that the inversion exhibits broadly different patterns of divergence among annual and perennial M. guttatus and is associated with environmental variation across population accessions. This study is the first widespread population genetic survey of the diversity of the M. guttatus species complex. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of morphological, ecological, and genetic evolutionary divergence across this highly diverse group of closely related ecotypes and species. Finally, understanding species relationships among M. guttatus sp. has hitherto been stymied by accumulated evidence of substantial gene flow among populations as well as designated species. Nevertheless, our results shed light on these relationships and provide insight into adaptation in life history traits within the complex.