bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related variation in the mechanical properties of foods processed by Sapajus libidinosus
Authors: Chalk Janine , Wright Barth W. , Lucas Peter W. , Schuhmacher Katherine D. , Vogel Erin R. , Fragaszy Dorothy , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Izar Patrícia , Richmond Brian G. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrated differences between the feeding competencies of adult and juvenile tufted capuchins. Here we test the hypothesis that, compared to adults, juveniles will process foods with lower toughness and elastic moduli.Materials and MethodsWe present data on variation in the toughness and elastic modulus of food tissues processed by Sapajus libidinosus during the dry season at Fazenda Boa Vista, Brazil. Food mechanical property data were collected using a portable universal mechanical tester.ResultsResults show that food tissues processed by the capuchins showed significant differences in toughness and stiffness. However, we found no relationship between an individual's age and mean or maximum food toughness or elastic modulus, indicating both juvenile and adult S. libidinosus are able to process foods of comparable properties.DiscussionAlthough it has been suggested that juveniles avoid mechanically protected foods, age‐related differences in feeding competence are not solely due to variation in food toughness or stiffness. Other factors related to food type (e.g., learning complex behavioral sequences, achieving manual dexterity, obtaining physical strength to lift stone tools, or recognizing subtle cues about food state) combined with food mechanical properties better explain variation in juvenile feeding competency. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:199–209, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topical concentrated epinephrine (1:1000) does not cause acute cardiovascular changes during endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Gunaratne Dakshika A. , Barham Henry P. , Christensen Jenna M. , Bhatia Daman D.S. , Stamm Aldo C. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundTopical epinephrine is used in endoscopic sinonasal surgery for local vasoconstriction. Potential for cardiovascular complications remains a concern for some due to the possibility of systemic absorption. Topical vs injected epinephrine was examined in a prospective analysis of perioperative cardiovascular effects, and in an audit of cardiovascular complications during endoscopic sinonasal surgery.MethodsA prospective cohort study of patients undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery was performed. Topical (1:1000) and injected (1:100,000) epinephrine were assessed. Cardiovascular outcomes of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were examined at baseline and minutely post–topical application (to 10 minutes) and postinjection (to 5 minutes). A retrospective assessment of cardiovascular events associated with a standardized regimen of topical (1:2000) and injected (1:100,000) epinephrine was performed.ResultsNineteen patents were assessed (43.42 ± 15.90 years, 47.4% female) in the prospective analysis. Post–topical epinephrine, no significant changes occurred in any cardiovascular parameter. However, following injected epinephrine, changes in HR (59.53 vs 64.11 bpm, p < 0.001), SBP (96.16 vs 102.95 mmHg, p = 0.015), DBP (56.53 vs 60.74 mmHg, p = 0.019), and MAP (69.74 vs 74.81 mmHg, p = 0.002) occurred. On repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) all parameters were significantly affected by injection. No ECG abnormalities were seen in either topical or injection phases. The retrospective analysis of 1260 cases identified 2 cases of cardiovascular complications (0.16%), both relating to injected epinephrine.ConclusionCombination topical (1:1000 to 1:2000) and injectable (1:100,000) epinephrine is safe for use in endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Injection resulted in the cardiovascular changes and accounted for the cardiovascular events reported.
Outcomes among patients discharged from the emergency department with a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo
Authors: Atzema Clare L. , Grewal Keerat , Lu Hong , Kapral Moira K. , Kulkarni Girish , Austin Peter C. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the risk of short‐ and long‐term stroke, as well as accidental injury, in patients discharged from an emergency department who were given a diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder.MethodsIn this population‐based, retrospective, cohort study, we identified all adult patients who were discharged from an emergency department in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and 2011, with a primary diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder. We assessed hospitalized strokes at 7, 30, 90, and 365 days, as well as subsequent falls, motor vehicle accidents, fractures, and burns. To provide context, we assessed the same outcomes in propensity score‐matched discharged emergency department patients with renal colic.ResultsAmong 41,794 qualifying patients, 76 (0.18%) had a stroke within 30 days. Accidental injury at 30 days ranged from 0.01% (falls) to 0.15% (fractures). The relative risk (RR) of 30‐day stroke was 9.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3‐20.3) times higher than among matched renal colic controls. The RR was highest at 7 days (50.0; 95% CI, 6.9–362.0) and diminished with duration from the emergency department visit: RR 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5–10.7) at 90 days and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8–3.5) at 1 year. There was no difference in the risk of accidental injury.InterpretationThe frequency of early stroke after discharge from an emergency department with a diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder was extremely low. However, the relative risk was markedly higher than in matched patients with renal colic, suggesting that some strokes, or sentinel events for strokes, are being misdiagnosed as peripheral vestibular disorders. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:32–41
Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence studies on γ‐ray‐irradiated Ce3+,Tb3+‐doped potassium chloride single crystals
Authors: Bangaru S. , Saradha K. , Muralidharan G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of KCl doped with Ce3+,Tb3+ were grown using the Bridgeman–Stockbarger technique. Thermoluminescence (TL), optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photo‐stimulated luminescence (PSL), and thermal‐stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties were studied after γ‐ray irradiation at room temperature. The glow curve of the γ‐ray‐irradiated crystal exhibits three peaks at 420, 470 and 525 K. F‐Light bleaching (560 nm) leads to a drastic change in the TL glow curve. The optical absorption measurements indicate that F‐ and V‐centres are formed in the crystal during γ‐ray irradiation. It was attempted to incorporate a broad band of cerium activator into the narrow band of terbium in the KCl host without a reduction in the emission intensity. Cerium co‐doped KCl:Tb crystals showed broad band emission due to the d–f transition of cerium and a reduction in the intensity of the emission peak due to 5D3–7Fj (j = 3, 4) transition of terbium, when excited at 330 nm. These results support that energy transfer occurs from cerium to terbium in the KCl host. Co‐doping Ce3+ ions greatly intensified the excitation peak at 339 nm for the emission at 400 nm of Tb3+. The emission due to Tb3+ ions was confirmed by PSL and TSL spectra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review structure‐ and dynamics‐based computational design of anticancer drugs
Authors: Lin Jung Hsin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCancer is a class of highly complex diseases involving multiple genes and multiple cross‐talks between signaling networks. Cancer cells may be developed from inherited defects or acquired damages of DNA. However, many cancers are resistant to treatment, and metastasis of cancers makes the disease even more intractable. Secondary malignancies are frequently observed after cancer chemotherapy. The call for more effective cancer therapy is obligatory. Using drug‐cocktails that combine multiple anti‐cancer agents working in different mechanisms has been a standard treatment of cancers to overcome the drug resistance problem. More recently, design of multiple ligands (may be more easily understood as “multiple target ligands”), i.e., single agents that target multiple biomolecules in a rational manner, receives increasing attention. For those who work on computational drug design, such tasks serve as new opportunities for achieving drugs with more effective pharmacological actions, in addition to designing compounds with better binding affinity, better selectivity, or to discovering compounds that can exert their actions allosterically. Some recent methodological developments on computational drug design are reviewed, and a few recent drug design efforts on a selected set of targets (topoisomerases, Ras proteins, protein kinases, and histone deacetylases) toward cancer treatment and cancer prevention are summarized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 2–9, 2016.
Time to Expand the Mitra‐Clip Indications
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Cilingiroglu Mehmet 
Published: September 2015

Key points

MitraClip implantation yields low in‐patient MACCE even in higher‐risk patients.
Bleeding and vascular complications remain the most important procedural related complications.
Development of smaller caliber devices, investigation of alternative access techniques to improve safety and better patient selection are needed to optimize the outcomes of this procedure.
Sensing Protein Surfaces with Targeted Fluorescent Receptors
Authors: Nissinkorn Yael , Lahav‐Mankovski Naama , Rabinkov Aharon , Albeck Shira , Motiei Leila , Margulies David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA methodology for creating fluorescent molecular sensors that respond to changes that occur on the surfaces of specific proteins is presented. This approach, which relies on binding cooperatively between a specific His‐tag binder and a nonspecific protein‐surface receptor, enabled the development of a sensor that can track changes on the surface of a His‐tag‐labeled calmodulin (His‐CaM) upon interacting with metal ions, small molecules, and protein binding partners. The way this approach was used to detect dephosphorylation of an unlabeled calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and the binding of Bax BH3 to His‐tagged B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) protein is also presented.
A Simple 13C NMR Method for the Discrimination of Complex Mixtures of Stereoisomers: All Eight Stereoisomers of α‐Tocopherol Resolved
Authors: Lankhorst Peter P. , Netscher Thomas , Duchateau Alexander L. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple one‐dimensional 13C NMR method is presented to discriminate between stereoisomers of organic compounds with more than one chiral center. By means of this method it is possible to discriminate between all eight stereoisomers of α‐tocopherol. To achieve this the chiral solvating agent (S)‐(+)‐1‐(9‐anthryl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol and the compound of interest were dissolved in high concentrations in chloroform‐d, and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum was recorded at a low temperature. The individual stereoisomers of α‐tocopherol were assigned by spikes of the reference compounds. The method was also applied to six other representative examples. Chirality 27:850–855, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors Affecting Environmental Management by Small and Micro Firms: The Importance of Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes and Environmental Investment
Authors: Testa Francesco , Gusmerottia Natalia Marzia , Corsini Filippo , Passetti Emilio , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe paper investigates (1) the influence of external pressures, internal factors, and environmental attitudes of entrepreneurs on environmental proactive strategy in small and micro firms and (2) whether environmental proactive strategy impacts environmental investment and environmental performance. The study is based on a survey conducted in Italy and tests the set of hypotheses using a structural equations model. The results underline that external pressures and entrepreneurs’ attitudes are the most important predictors of environmental proactivity both for small and micro firms. The results also confirm a positive relationship between environmental proactivity and environmental investments as well as environmental performance. Yet, environmental investments show a strong influence on environmental performance. Commitment to environmental management by small and micro firms appears thus on the ground, showing that some substantive actions have started to be developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Continuous Reductive Amination of Biomass‐Derived Molecules over Carbonized Filter Paper‐Supported FeNi Alloy
Authors: Chieffi Gianpaolo , Braun Max , Esposito Davide 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper reports the continuous reductive amination of different molecules, including biomass‐related compounds, over carbon‐supported FeNi nanoparticles obtained on the basis of inexpensive and abundant metal precursors and cellulose. A biorefinery case study for the preparation of pyrrolidones via acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glucose followed by reductive amination of the obtained levulinic acid is described.
A TiO2 Nanofiber–Carbon Nanotube‐Composite Photoanode for Improved Efficiency in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Macdonald Thomas J. , Tune Daniel D. , Dewi Melissa R. , Gibson Christopher T. , Shapter Joseph G. , Nann Thomas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA light‐scattering layer fabricated from electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2‐NFs) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) formed a fiber‐based photoanode. The nanocomposite scattering layer had a lawn‐like structure and integration of carbon nanotubes into the NF photoanodes increased the power conversion efficiency from 2.9 % to 4.8 % under 1 Sun illumination. Under reduced light intensity (0.25 Sun), TiO2‐NF and TiO2‐NF/SWCNT‐based DSSCs reached PCE values of up to 3.7 % and 6.6 %, respectively.
Comparative efficacy of anti‐diabetic agents on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized studies
Authors: Tang Wenjuan , Xu Qianyue , Hong Ting , Tong Guoyu , Feng Wenhuan , Shen Shanmei , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive assessment regarding the effects of anti‐diabetic agents on NAFLD in patients with T2DM.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with different anti‐diabetic agents in T2DM. Observational trials were also recruited to expand our population. Hepatic fat content and liver histology were evaluated as primary outcomes. Pooled estimates were calculated using a fixed effect model.ResultsOne thousand one hundred ninety‐six participants in 19 RCTs and 14 non‐randomized studies were included. Evidence from RCTs and observational studies suggested that greater hepatic fat content reduction and improved liver histology were seen in thiazolidinediones for 12–72 weeks; glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists had beneficial effects on hepatic fat content after 26–50 weeks intervention, and insulin/metformin combination with 3–7 months improved hepatic fat content. Initiating metformin or dapagliflozin showed no benefit on hepatic fat content or liver histology in 16–48 weeks. Besides, nateglinide for 18 months was reported in a small sample‐size RCT to improve hepatic fat content and liver histology. Sitagliptin therapy of 1 year also provided benefit on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis score in an observational study.ConclusionsFor T2DM with NAFLD, administrating thiazolidinediones and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists seems to provide more identified advances in attenuating hepatic fat content. Further RCTs are warranted to assess the efficacy of various hypoglycemic agents on clinical outcomes associated with NAFLD in T2DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: greater than fourfold risk among Indigenous compared with non‐Indigenous Australian women
Authors: Chamberlain Catherine R. , Oldenburg Brian , Wilson Alyce N. , Eades Sandra J. , O'Dea Kerin , Oats Jeremy J. N. , Wolfe Rory 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes. However, progression rates among Indigenous women in Australia who experience high prevalence of gestational diabetes are unknown.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study includes all births to women at a regional hospital in Far North Queensland, Australia, coded as having ‘gestational diabetes’ from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2010 (1098 births) and receiving laboratory postpartum screening from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2011 (n = 483 births). Women who did not receive postpartum screening were excluded from the denominator. Data were linked between hospital electronic records, routinely collected birth data and laboratories, with sample validation by reviews of medical records. Analysis was conducted using Cox‐proportional regression models.ResultsIndigenous women had a greater than fourfold risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 8 years of having gestational diabetes, compared with non‐Indigenous women (hazards ratio 4.55, 95% confidence interval 2.63–7.88, p < 0.0001). Among women receiving postpartum screening tests, by 3, 5 and 7 years postpartum, 21.9% (15.8–30.0%), 25.5% (18.6–34.3%) and 42.4% (29.6–58.0%) Indigenous women were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes, respectively, compared with 4.2% (2.5–7.2%), 5.7% (3.3–9.5%) and 13.5% (7.3–24.2%) non‐Indigenous women. Multivariate analysis showed an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes among women with an early pregnancy body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, only partially breastfeeding at hospital discharge and gestational diabetes diagnosis prior to 17 weeks gestation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that, compared with non‐Indigenous women, Indigenous Australian women have a greater than fourfold risk of developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes. Strategies are urgently needed to reduce rates of type 2 diabetes by supporting a healthy weight and breastfeeding and to improve postpartum screening among Indigenous women with gestational diabetes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycaemic control and its associated factors in Chinese adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Daizhi , Zhang Yan , Lin Shuo , Zheng Xueying , Lin Shaoda , Chen Lishu , Zhang Xiuwei , Li Lu , Liang Ganxiong , Yao Bin , Yan Jinhua , Weng Jianping 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundGlycaemic control is a great challenge in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There is limited data concerning glycaemic control among adults with T1DM. We used data from the Guangdong T1DM Translational Medicine Study to evaluate glycaemic control and its associated factors in Chinese adults with T1DM.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included 827 participants who were 18 years of age or older and had been living with T1DM for at least 1 year. Participants with HbA1c levels <7% were compared against those with HbA1c levels ≥ 7%. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with glycaemic control.ResultsAmong the 827 participants, the mean age was 34.2 ± 12.1 years and the median (interquartile range) duration of diabetes was 6.1 (3.4, 10.4) years. The median HbA1c level was 8.5% (7.5%, 10.2%). Only one‐fifth of participants had HbA1c levels <7%. Insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was strongly associated with infrequent self‐monitoring of blood glucose (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.14 ~ 1.29, p = 0.000), high insulin dose (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 ~ 1.52, p = 0.006), smoking (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.44 ~ 6.72, p = 0.004), low‐frequency clinical visits (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 ~ 5.10, p = 0.001), the presence of diabetic autoantibodies (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.07 ~ 2.48, p = 0.022) and low fasting C‐peptide (FCP) levels (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 ~ 1.46, p = 0.049) after adjustment for age at disease onset, education level, household income and diet control.ConclusionsMost adult patients with T1DM did not achieve the HbA1c target. Identifying determinants for glycaemic control provides us valuable information to improve glycaemic control in these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of microsatellite and SNP markers for parentage assignment in ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations
Authors: Labuschagne Christiaan , Nupen Lisa , Kotzé Antoinette , Grobler Paul J. , Dalton Desiré L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCaptive management of ex situ populations of endangered species is traditionally based on pedigree information derived from studbook data. However, molecular methods could provide a powerful set of complementary tools to verify studbook records and also contribute to improving the understanding of the genetic status of captive populations. Here, we compare the utility of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites (MS) and two analytical methods for assigning parentage in ten families of captive African penguins held in South African facilities. We found that SNPs performed better than microsatellites under both analytical frameworks, but a combination of all markers was most informative. A subset of combined SNP (n = 14) and MS loci (n = 10) provided robust assessments of parentage. Captive or supportive breeding programs will play an important role in future African penguin conservation efforts as a source of individuals for reintroduction. Cooperation among these captive facilities is essential to facilitate this process and improve management. This study provided us with a useful set of SNP and MS markers for parentage and relatedness testing among these captive populations. Further assessment of the utility of these markers over multiple (>3) generations and the incorporation of a larger variety of relationships among individuals (e.g., half‐siblings or cousins) is strongly suggested.
Multi‐Level Environmental Governance: Exploring the economic explanations
Authors: Paavola Jouni 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMulti‐level environmental governance (MLEG) has become commonplace, yet few attempts have been made to explain in economic terms why it should have emerged. This article examines four economic explanations for MLEG. The first considers it as a solution for overcoming collective action challenges when a large number of actors are involved. The second explanation is that multiple levels of environmental governance may be needed to minimize governance costs. Thirdly, path dependence could explain MLEG. Fourthly, complex and multifunctional resource systems may generate ecosystem service flows that have benefit catchments of different size, and multi‐level governance solutions may be needed to link providers and beneficiaries. While they are to a degree complementary, the analysis suggests that the multi‐functionality explanation is the most nuanced one of them and offers the best diagnostic for governance challenges that an environmental resource system poses. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd