bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation of Acetobacter pasteurianus by UV irradiation under acidic stress for high‐acidity vinegar fermentation
Authors: Qi Zhengliang , Wang Wu , Yang Hailin , Xia Xiaole , Yu Xiaobin 
Published: September 2013

SummaryTo obtain a mutant with higher vinegar production, a wild‐type industrial strain Acetobacter pasteurianus CICIM B7003 was pretreated in 50 g L−1 acetic acid for 1 h and cultured for 12 h without adding any acetic acid; then, the enriched cells were mutated by UV under acidic stress (60 g L−1 acetic acid). Using this method, A. pasteurianus CICIM B7003‐02, a mutant exhibiting best performance, was obtained. Notably, after repeated experiments, it was confirmed that B7003‐02 accumulated 103.81 ± 1.17 g L−1 acetic acid within 160‐h batch cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks, which was 49.2% higher than that of the wild type. Repeated batch fermentations with A. pasteurianus B7003‐02 were carried out for several runs in a Frings 8‐L acetator, and high‐acidity vinegars (90 ± 0.39 g L−1) were produced. This work reveals the potential value for improvement in industrial vinegar production.
Susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157 to chitosan‐arginine in beef liquid purge is affected by bacterial cell growth phase
Authors: Lahmer Rabya A. , Jones David L. , Townsend Stacy , Baker Shenda , Williams Arwel Prysor 
Published: September 2013

SummaryHere, we evaluated the impact of bacterial growth stage on the effect of chitosan‐arginine (Ch‐arg) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 cell numbers and metabolic activity within contaminated beef juice held at room temperature. Using a lux‐marked metabolic reporter strain of E. coli O157:H7, the results showed that Ch‐arg was most bioactive against cells in the lag phase and exponential phase. In comparison, there was a reduced, although still significant, inhibitory effect of Ch‐arg on the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli O157 held in stationary phase. Ch‐arg reduced, but did not eliminate E. coli O157 growth in the meat juice over 48 h. Based on the evidence presented here and elsewhere, we conclude that Ch‐arg can limit the growth and activity of food spoilage bacteria; however, it cannot completely eliminate bacterial contaminants originally present. Ch‐arg should therefore be viewed as a potentially protective measure rather than a biocidal agent that completely eliminates the risk of pathogen transfer in the food chain.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in defining a biopsy strategy for detection of prostate cancer
Authors: Ridout Ashley J , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Emberton Mark , Moore Caroline M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide. It has a broad spectrum, from low‐risk, clinically indolent disease, to high‐risk aggressive cancer. This variety conveys certain diagnostic and management challenges. The use of prostate‐specific antigen as a screening test for prostate cancer is increasing the diagnosis of low‐grade, low‐volume disease. By targeting biopsies towards suspicious areas on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, we can accurately diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer, reducing identification of low‐risk, clinically indolent disease. This could avoid the radical treatment of histopathological cancer that might never have become clinically apparent. In the present review, we consider the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to inform the biopsy strategy. By identification of suspicious lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy targets can be identified, and the sampling bias associated with blind standard transrectal prostate biopsy can be reduced. We consider the reliability of these radiological lesions for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, and the methods of targeting them to ensure the radiological lesion is accurately sampled. Evidence suggests that targeted biopsy is efficient and accurate for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. By rationalizing diagnosis, and subsequently preventing overtreatment of clinically insignificant disease, magnetic resonance imaging‐informed prostate biopsy can provide a method for streamlining the diagnostic pathway in prostate cancer.
Dental sealants and composite restorations and longitudinal changes in immune function markers in children
Authors: Maserejian Nancy N. , Shrader Peter , Brown Olivia A. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Soncini Jennifer , Hauser Russ , Shenker Bruce J. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveResins used in dental composites, derived from bisphenol‐A (BPA), have been shown to alter immune cells. The objective of this study was to explore children's immune function changes in relation to resin composite treatment.DesignWe conducted secondary data analysis of the New England Children's Amalgam Trial immune function substudy (N = 59). Immune function was measured pre‐treatment and up to five times post‐treatment through 5‐year follow‐up. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to estimate the association between three classes of resin composites (bisphenol‐A‐diglycidyl‐dimethacrylate [BisGMA]‐based flowables used for preventive sealants; urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA]‐based compomer restorations; bisGMA‐based restorations) and changes in immune function markers measured annually.ResultsTotal white blood cell counts and responsiveness of T cells or neutrophils were not appreciably altered by composite treatment levels. Changes in B cell responsiveness were greater throughout follow‐up among children with more bisGMA‐based composite restorations, which opposed findings for amalgam treatment levels. Monocyte responsiveness changes were decreased at 6 months with greater treatment, but not over longer follow‐up.ConclusionsResults of this analysis showed no overt immune function alterations associated with resin composites. Additional research regarding lymphocyte activation may be warranted given the consistency of results within these analyses and with a prior study showing increased B cell activation.
Unusually high impact of influenza B during the early 2012–2013 influenza season in Wales – epidemiology and clinical analysis of the first 100 cases
Authors: Cottrell Simon L. , Moore Catherine , Dexter Laura , Thomas Daniel Rh. , Salmon Roland L. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundInfluenza B is often regarded as the milder form of the disease. The early 2012–2013 season in Wales saw the highest rate of influenza B‐associated primary care consultations since 1994–1995 and considerable hospitalisations.ObjectivesThis report summarises features of the first 100 confirmed cases during 2012–2013 in Wales.MethodsCase information was sourced from routine laboratory testing and virological surveillance.Results and conclusionsInfluenza B (Yamagata lineage) viruses dominated, mainly affecting younger adults, admission to critical care was unexpectedly common. Low vaccine uptake amongst at‐risk patients may have contributed to the burden of influenza in secondary care in Wales.
Density and seasonal movements of forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis, Matschie) in Bia National Park, Ghana
Authors: SHORT J. C. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe density of forest elephants in Bia National Park, Ghana was calculated using dropping counts. Density averaged 0.33 km‐2. This result is compared to estimated densities of elephants in a variety of habitats, including forest in other parts of Africa, and to densities of the Asiatic elephant, in forest or partly forested habitat.Local densities of elephants at Bia fluctuated between 0.13 and 0.44 km‐2. High densities appeared to be related to the local availability of ripe fruit of favoured tree species. The hypothesis that elephants moved out of primary rainforest into surrounding farmland and secondary forest to feed during the wet season was not supported by the available evidence.RésuméLa densité de population des éléphants de forêt dans le P.N. de Bia au Ghana fut calculée sur base de comptage des excréments; cette densité moyenne est de 0.33 km‐2. Elle est comparée uax densités estimées dans divers biotopes, y compris la forêt, dans d'autres parties de l'Afrique, ainsi qu'aux densités de population d'éléphants d'Asie en forêt ou en territoire partiellement forestier.Les densités de populations locales à Bia fluctuent entre 0.13 et 0.44 km‐2. Ces densités élevées semblent être liées ai la disponibilitê de fruits mûrs de certaines espeices favorites d'arbres. L'hypothese que les éléphants migrent de la forêt primaire humide dans les zones agricoles et les forêts secondaires pour se nourrir durant la saison des pluies ne peut se baser sur des constatations convaincantes.
Understanding Short‐ versus Long‐Run Risk Premia
Authors: Buraschi Andrea , Carnelli Andrea 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the link between short‐ and long‐run risk premia. We extract short‐term risk premia from contemporaneous information on short‐term futures and cash equity markets under the assumption of no arbitrage. Predictability regressions reveal that short‐term risk premia capture different information from long‐run risk premia. Counter to the intuition that a high price of risk commands high returns, high short‐run risk premia on dividend claims predict low returns on the index. While inconsistent with models featuring either habit persistence or long‐run risk, the results may be reconciled with some models of uncertainty aversion.
Multifunctional Properties of Multistage Spark Plasma Sintered HA–BaTiO3‐Based Piezobiocomposites for Bone Replacement Applications
Authors: Dubey Ashutosh Kumar , EA Anumol , Balani Kantesh , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: September 2013

This work reports the processing–microstructure–property correlation of novel HA–BaTiO3‐based piezobiocomposites, which demonstrated the bone‐mimicking functional properties. A series of composites of hydroxyapatite (HA) with varying amounts of piezoelectric BaTiO3 (BT) were optimally processed using uniquely designed multistage spark plasma sintering (SPS) route. Transmission electron microscopy imaging during in situ heating provides complementary information on the real‐time observation of sintering behavior. Ultrafine grains (≤0.50 μm) of HA and BT phases were predominantly retained in the SPSed samples. The experimental results revealed that dielectric constant, AC conductivity, piezoelectric strain coefficient, compressive strength, and modulus values of HA‐40 wt% BT closely resembles with that of the natural bone. The addition of 40 wt% BT enhances the long‐crack fracture toughness, compressive strength, and modulus by 132%, 200%, and 165%, respectively, with respect to HA. The above‐mentioned exceptional combination of functional properties potentially establishes HA‐40 wt% BT piezocomposite as a new‐generation composite for orthopedic implant applications.
Synthesis of Cerium‐Doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 Powder for Ceramic Scintillators with Ultrasonic‐Assisted Chemical Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Luo Zhaohua , Jiang Haochuan , Jiang Jun 
Published: September 2013

Cerium‐doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 powders have been synthesized with ultrasonic‐assisted chemical coprecipitation method (UACC), and the traditional chemical coprecipitation method (CC) was also employed for comparison. The structure and morphology of powders were investigated by XRD, BET, and TEM. The powders were used for preparing ceramics at different temperatures. The specific surface areas of UACC and CC powders calcined at 800°C were 66 and 29 m2/g, respectively. Ceramics derived from UACC and CC powders were sintered at 1600°C, and the densities are 6.67 and 6.48 g/cm3, respectively. UACC is an attractive method for synthesizing GAGG powder for preparing ceramic scintillators.
An integrative review of self‐efficacy and patient recovery post acute injury
Authors: Connolly Fiona R. , Aitken Leanne M. , Tower Marion 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo present an integrative literature review examining the relationship between self‐efficacy and patient recovery post acute injury.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy is a belief in one's ability to perform a set of actions; the greater a person's confidence, the more likely they will initiate and continue activity that will produce a positive outcome in terms of recovery. Increasingly, research indicates that application of self‐efficacy theory into clinical practice is likely to promote recovery in the rehabilitation setting. This review examines self‐efficacy in the post acute injury group.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesA database search was conducted in PSYCHINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL between 1990–2012.Review methodsWhittemore and Knafl's theoretical framework was used to guide the review in conjunction with a critical appraisal template. Findings from studies were extracted, critically examined and grouped into key themes under factors (interventions) and outcomes relating to self‐efficacy.ResultsEighteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Level of education may be a significant factor related to self‐efficacy. Educational, physical and psychological interventions to improve self‐efficacy emerged, but few interventions led to significantly enhanced self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy was found to influence outcomes, including pain and disability, adherence to discharge instructions, locomotion recovery and quality of life.ConclusionInterventions addressing the connection between physical and psychological health with respect to mood, emotion, stress, fear and anxiety to improve the psychological response to acute injury may enhance self‐efficacy and patient recovery.
The role of support antecedents in nurses' intentions to quit: the case of Australia
Authors: Shacklock Kate , Brunetto Yvonne , Teo Stephen , Farr‐Wharton Rod 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimsThe study used Social Exchange Theory as a lens to examine associations between nurses' support antecedents (supervisor–nurse relationships and perceived organizational support) and their job attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and engagement).BackgroundSimilar to many other westernized countries, there is a shortage of nurses working as nurses in Australia. The attrition of nurses from the workplace continues to be a challenge for many countries, with resultant calls for improved retention rates.DesignThe design employed in this study was a Survey.MethodsA self‐report survey of 1600 nurses employed in five private sector hospitals throughout Australia was completed during 2010–2011, resulting in 510 completed surveys.ResultsA mediation path model was developed to test the hypotheses and results of Partial Least Squares analysis showed that both support antecedents (supervisor–nurse relationships and perceived organizational support) positively led to engagement and job satisfaction. Subsequently, nurses more satisfied with their jobs were also more committed to their organizations, ultimately leading to lower intentions to quit. In addition, job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationships between organizational commitment and turnover intentions, plus between supervisor–subordinate relationships and turnover intentions.ConclusionIn the context of a shortage of nurses and higher than average turnover rates, the findings suggest that it is important to improve nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment to improve retention. However, the findings also suggest that workplace relationships and organizational management are currently far from ideal.
Validity and reliability of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) for the social, health and educational services in Finland
Authors: Vuorenmaa Maaret , Halme Nina , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi , Kaunonen Marja , Perälä Marja‐Leena 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimThis paper reports a study testing of the validity and reliability of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale in family services in Finland.BackgroundThe role of family services in parental reinforcement is important, given their extensive reach to most families and their aim of promoting family welfare. No instruments applicable to this situation were available in Finland. The Family Empowerment Scale is a widely used instrument that measures parent's empowerment. The personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale enables an evaluation of the reinforcement of empowerment.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsThe Family Empowerment Scale was modified to measure how family services personnel evaluate reinforcement of parental empowerment. In May 2009, a questionnaire was sent to unit heads (n = 457) in public social, health and educational services for families with children aged 0–9 years. The construct, convergent and discriminant validities, reliability and responsiveness of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale were assessed.ResultsAccording to confirmatory factor analysis, the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale comprised three subscales (family, service system and community) as in the original Family Empowerment Scale. Confirmed convergent and discriminant validities supported the same construct. The reliability of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale was acceptable. The reinforcement level of parental empowerment was high. Parental empowerment was reinforced most in health and least in educational services.ConclusionThe psychometric properties of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale were acceptable. It can serve as a generic instrument for assessing reinforcement of empowerment in family services in Finland.
Men in nursing on television: exposing and reinforcing stereotypes
Authors: Weaver Roslyn , Ferguson Caleb , Wilbourn Mark , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimsTo describe the results of a study of images of men in nursing on television.BackgroundPrevious research has highlighted stereotypical images around nursing, such as the battle‐axe, naughty nurse and handmaiden. More recent research focuses on images of nurses who are men, because of the growing numbers of men in the nursing workforce. Given that negative images can harm recruitment and retention in the profession, it is important to interrogate how men in nursing are portrayed in popular culture. Representations on television are particularly critical to explore because of the medium's wide audience.DesignQualitative study.MethodsFive American medical television programmes appearing between 2007 and 2010 were analysed for their construction of men in nursing: Grey's Anatomy, Hawthorne, Mercy, Nurse Jackie and Private Practice.FindingsMen in nursing on television were portrayed in ways that engaged with explicit and implicit stereotypes. The men were often subject to questions about their choice of career, masculinity and sexuality and their role usually reduced to that of prop, minority spokesperson or source of comedy. Thus, rather contradictorily, although the programmes often sought to expose common stereotypes about men in nursing, they nonetheless often reinforced stereotypes in more implicit ways.ConclusionThis research has implications for better understanding not only the status of nursing in our society but also for nursing practice and education and attracting more men to the profession.
Beyond the Impasse? Systemic Consultation and Understanding Complex Cases
Authors: Rhodes Paul , Donelly Michelle , Whatson Lesley , Brearley Kate , Dikian Jack , Hansson Anders , Franic Tanya , Mora Lucinda 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundSystemic consultation provides an oppor‐tunity for clinicians working with complex cases and behaviours of concern to reflect on interpersonal dynamics that may be inhibiting change. This approach to case review is drawn from systemic family therapy, a model that is gaining some acceptance within the field of intellectual disability.MethodThematic analysis was used to explore the experience of eleven clinicians attending systemic consultation. Clinicians were experienced in behaviour support, had no prior experience in family therapy and presented with complex cases described as ‘stuck’.ResultsConsultations were seen to have many benefits, including a heightened awareness of the interpersonal needs of both clients and carers and the development of a facilitative position and skills to apply to cases. Less experienced clinicians were more likely to feel overwhelmed by this less structured, more relationally oriented focus.ConclusionsSystemic consultation has the potential to augment behaviour support, enabling clinicians to understand and negotiate problematic interpersonal dynamics when responding to behavioural difficulties. Less experienced clinicians may require additional training and support in the systemic approach.
Estimating the Extent of Impervious Surfaces and Turf Grass across Large Regions
Authors: Claggett Peter R. , Irani Frederick M. , Thompson Renee L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe ability of researchers to accurately assess the extent of impervious and pervious developed surfaces, e.g., turf grass, using land‐cover data derived from Landsat satellite imagery in the Chesapeake Bay watershed is limited due to the resolution of the data and systematic discrepancies between developed land‐cover classes, surface mines, forests, and farmlands. Estimates of impervious surface and turf grass area in the Mid‐Atlantic, United States that were based on 2006 Landsat‐derived land‐cover data were substantially lower than estimates based on more authoritative and independent sources. New estimates of impervious surfaces and turf grass area derived using land‐cover data combined with ancillary information on roads, housing units, surface mines, and sampled estimates of road width and residential impervious area were up to 57 and 45% higher than estimates based strictly on land‐cover data. These new estimates closely approximate estimates derived from authoritative and independent sources in developed counties.
Total Maximum Daily Load Criteria Assessment Using Monitoring and Modeling Data
Authors: Keisman Jeni , Shenk Gary 
Published: September 2013

AbstractApplications of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) criteria for complex estuarine systems like Chesapeake Bay have been limited by difficulties in estimating precisely how changes in input loads will impact ambient water quality. A method to deal with this limitation combines the strengths of the Chesapeake Bay's Water Quality Sediment Transport Model (WQSTM), which simulates load response, and the Chesapeake Bay Program's robust historical monitoring dataset. The method uses linear regression to apply simulated relative load responses to historical observations of water quality at a given location and time. Steps to optimize the application of regression analysis were to: (1) determine the best temporal and spatial scale for applying the WQSTM scenarios, (2) determine whether the WQSTM method remained valid with significant perturbation from calibration conditions, and (3) evaluate the need for log transformation of both dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a (CHL) datasets. The final method used simple linear regression at the single month, single WQSTM grid cell scale to quantify changes in DO and CHL resulting from simulated load reduction scenarios. The resulting linear equations were applied to historical monitoring data to produce a set of “scenario‐modified” DO or CHL concentration estimates. The utility of the regression method was validated by its ability to estimate progressively increasing attainment in support of the 2010 Chesapeake Bay TMDL.