bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Changes in the Primary Metabolism and Imbalances in the Subgenome Orchestration in the Bread Wheat Molecular Response toFusarium graminearum
Authors: Nussbaumer Thomas , Warth Benedikt , Sharma Sapna , Ametz Christian , Bueschl Christoph , Parich Alexandra , Pfeifer Matthias , Siegwart Gerald , Steiner Barbara , Lemmens Marc , Schuhmacher Rainer , Buerstmayr Hermann , Mayer Klaus F X , Kugler Karl G , Schweiger Wolfgang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFusarium head blight is a prevalent disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which leads to considerable losses in yield and quality. Quantitative resistance to the causative fungus Fusarium graminearum is poorly understood. We integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics data to dissect the molecular response to the fungus and its main virulence factor, the toxin deoxynivalenol in near-isogenic lines segregating for two resistance quantitative trait loci, Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A. The data sets portrait rearrangements in the primary metabolism and the translational machinery to counter the fungus and the effects of the toxin and highlight distinct changes in the metabolism of glutamate in lines carrying Qfhs.ifa-5A. These observations are possibly due to the activity of two amino acid permeases located in the quantitative trait locus confidence interval, which may contribute to increased pathogen endurance. Mapping to the highly resolved region of Fhb1 reduced the list of candidates to few genes that are specifically expressed in presence of the quantitative trait loci and in response to the pathogen, which include a receptor-like protein kinase, a protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. On a genome-scale level, the individual subgenomes of hexaploid wheat contribute differentially to defense. In particular, the D subgenome exhibited a pronounced response to the pathogen and contributed significantly to the overall defense response.
The Role of Mms22p in DNA Damage Response inCandida albicans
Authors: Yan Lan , Xiong Juan , Lu Hui , Lv Quan-zhen , Ma Qian-yao , Côte Pierre , Whiteway Malcolm , Jiang Yuan-ying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo ensure correct DNA replication, eukaryotes have signaling pathways that respond to replication-associated DNA damage and trigger repair. In both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a complex of proteins, including the cullin protein Rtt101p and two adapter proteins Mms22p and Mms1p, is important for proper response to replication stress. We have investigated this system in Candida albicans. In this pathogen, Mms22p is important for recovery from DNA replication damage induced by agents including methylmethane sulfonate, camptothecin, and ionizing radiation. Although no clear ortholog of Mms1p has been identified in C. albicans, loss of either Mms22p or Rtt101p generates similar damage sensitivity, consistent with a common function. In S. cerevisiae, the Mrc1p−Csm3p−Tof1p complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and activates a replication checkpoint and interacts with Mms22p. A similar complex in S. pombe, consisting of the Tof1p and Csm3p orthologs Swi1p and Swi3p, along with the fission yeast Mrc1p, genetically also interacts with Mms22p. Intriguingly in C. albicans only Mrc1p and Csm3p appear involved in damage repair, and Mms22p is required for responding to DNA damage agents in MRC1 or CSM3 conditional mutants. In C. albicans, although the loss of RAD57 greatly impairs response in the pathogen to many DNA-damaging agents, lethality due to camptothecin damage requires concomitant loss of Rad57p and Mms22p, suggesting that Mms22p is only essential for homologous recombination induced by camptothecin. These results establish that although C. albicans uses conserved cellular modules to respond to DNA damage and replication blocks, the specific details of these modules differ significantly from the S. cerevisiae model.
Markerless Escherichia coli rrn Deletion Strains for Genetic Determination of Ribosomal Binding Sites
Authors: Quan Selwyn , Skovgaard Ole , McLaughlin Robert E , Buurman Ed T , Squires Catherine L 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Single-copy rrn strains facilitate genetic ribosomal studies in Escherichia coli. Consecutive markerless deletion of rrn operons resulted in slower growth upon inactivation of the fourth copy, which was reversed by supplying transfer RNA genes encoded in rrn operons in trans. Removal of the sixth, penultimate rrn copy led to a reduced growth rate due to limited rrn gene dosage. Whole-genome sequencing of variants of single-copy rrn strains revealed duplications of large stretches of genomic DNA. The combination of selective pressure, resulting from the decreased growth rate, and the six identical remaining scar sequences, facilitating homologous recombination events, presumably leads to elevated genomic instability.
Recensión
Authors: Barojas Sánchez Josefia , Iparraguirre Joel 
Published: October 2015

<p align="justify"><span>¿Qué deja este libro al lector? <span>Un caleidoscopio de imágenes que <span>revelan la complejidad del mundo <span>contemporáneo. La vida, dice Augé, <span>está llena de miedos; miedos que la <span>atraviesan y revisten, al timpo que <span>se encuentra regida por dos grandes </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>producciones: la económica y la tecnológica. Como consecuencia se instalan <span>prácticas laborales y estilos de vida. Deviene la violencia en diferentes<br /><span>manifestaciones: la económica y social, la que tine forma de racismo o<br /><span>terrorismo, la tecnológica, y la natural, constiuida de los fenómenos naturales.<br /><span>Esta últia deriva de las primeras.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span>Esta obra es una adaptación —aunque con el mismo tíulo— de la <span>tesis doctoral de González defendida el 2008 en el Adventit Internatinal <span>Instiute of Advanced Studies, Filipinas. Como este “estudio busca determinar <span>cronológicamente el papel de Elena de White en el desarrollo de la organización <span>adventita del séptio día” (16), su aproximación, en efecto, es históricodescriptio (18). Consta de seis capítulos —además su excelente bibliografía</span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
Investigating Inhaled Insulin
Authors: Zamudio Virginia 
Published: October 2015

A Novel Delivery SystemInhaled human insulin (Exubera®) is the newest innovation in insulin therapy. The idea of delivering insulin via the pulmonary system, however, is not entirely new. In 1925, the German scientist Dr M Gänsslen published an article proposing the idea of inhaled insulin.1 Unfortunately, the science to accomplish this feat has eluded us until now. The limiting factors have been two-fold: developing a dry, powdered insulin of the right particle size; and manufacturing a mechanical device that will adequately deliver it into the deep lung.
Enamel Surface Changes After Exposure to Bleaching Gels Containing Carbamide Peroxide or Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Cvikl B , Lussi A , Moritz A , Flury S 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY

Objective
This study evaluated the differences in enamel color change, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness between treatments with four bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide (two at 10% and one each at 35%, and 45%) and two bleaching gels containing hydrogen peroxide (two at 40%).

Methods
Enamel specimens were bleached and color changes were measured. Color change was calculated using either ΔE or the Bleaching Index (BI). Then, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness of the enamel specimens were evaluated. All measurements were performed at baseline and directly after the first bleaching treatment for all carbamide peroxide– and hydrogen peroxide–containing bleaching gels. In addition, final measurements were made 24 hours after each of a total of 10 bleaching treatments for carbamide peroxide bleaching gels, and 1 week after each of a total of three bleaching treatments for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels.

Results
After the last bleaching treatment, respective ΔE scores were 17.6 and 8.2 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, 12.9 and 5.6 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and 9.6 and 13.9 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. The respective BI scores were −2.0 and −2.0 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, −3.5 and −1.5 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and −2.0 and −3.0 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. Each bleaching gel treatment resulted in significant whitening; however, no significant difference was found among the gels after the last bleaching. Whitening occurred within the first bleaching treatments and did not increase significantly during the remaining treatments. Surface hardness significantly decreased after the last bleaching treatment, when 10% carbamide peroxide was used. Furthermore, significant changes in the elastic modulus or surface roughness occurred only after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Conclusion
All six bleaching gels effectively bleached the enamel specimens independent of their concentration of peroxide. Gels with low peroxide concentration and longer contact time negatively affected the enamel surface.
Routine perioperative ketorolac administration is not associated with hemorrhage in pediatric neurosurgery patients
Authors: Richardson Marlin Dustin , Palmeri Nicholas O. , Williams Sarah A. , Torok Michelle R. , O’Neill Brent R. , Handler Michael H. , Hankinson Todd C. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTNSAIDs are effective perioperative analgesics. Many surgeons are reluctant to use NSAIDs perioperatively because of a theoretical increase in the risk for bleeding events. The authors assessed the effect of routine perioperative ketorolac use on intracranial hemorrhage in children undergoing a wide range of neurosurgical procedures.METHODSA retrospective single-institution analysis of 1451 neurosurgical cases was performed. Data included demographics, type of surgery, and perioperative ketorolac use. Outcomes included bleeding events requiring return to the operating room, bleeding seen on postoperative imaging, and the development of renal failure or gastrointestinal tract injury.Variables associated with both the exposure and outcomes (p < 0.20) were evaluated as potential confounders for bleeding on postoperative imaging, and multivariable logistic regression was performed. Bivariable analysis was performed for bleeding events. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated.RESULTSOf the 1451 patients, 955 received ketorolac. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated no significant association between clinically significant bleeding events (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.15–3.1) or radiographic hemorrhage (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.43–1.51) and the perioperative administration of ketorolac. Treatment with a medication that creates a known bleeding risk (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.01–9.57), surgical procedure (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.11–4.94), and craniotomy/craniectomy (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.19–4.94) were associated with a significantly elevated risk for radiographically identified hemorrhage.CONCLUSIONSShort-term ketorolac therapy does not appear to be associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of bleeding documented on postoperative imaging in pediatric neurosurgical patients and may be considered as part of a perioperative analgesic regimen. Although no association was found between ketorolac and clinically significant bleeding events, a larger study needs to be conducted to control for confounding factors, because of the rarity of these events.
Is there a regional difference in morphology interpretation of A3 and A4 fractures among different cultures?
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher K. , Koerner John D. , Chapman Jens R. , Bellabarba Carlo , Oner F. Cumhur , Reinhold Max , Dvorak Marcel F. , Aarabi Bizhan , Vialle Luiz , Fehlings Michael G. , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Kandziora Frank , Schnake Klaus J. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The aim of this study was to determine if the ability of a surgeon to correctly classify A3 (burst fractures with a single endplate involved) and A4 (burst fractures with both endplates involved) fractures is affected by either the region or the experience of the surgeon.

METHODS
A survey was sent to 100 AOSpine members from all 6 AO regions of the world (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East) who had no prior knowledge of the new AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System. Respondents were asked to classify 25 cases, including 6 thoracolumbar burst fractures (A3 or A4). This study focuses on the effect of region and experience on surgeons’ ability to properly classify these 2 controversial fracture variants.

RESULTS
All 100 surveyed surgeons completed the survey, and no significant regional (p > 0.50) or experiential (p > 0.21) variability in the ability to correctly classify burst fractures was identified; however, surgeons from all regions and with all levels of experience were more likely to correctly classify A3 fractures than A4 fractures (p < 0.01). Further analysis demonstrated that no region predisposed surgeons to increasing their assessment of severity of burst fractures.

CONCLUSIONS
A3 and A4 fractures are the most difficult 2 fractures to correctly classify, but this is not affected by the region or experience of the surgeon; therefore, regional variations in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures (A3 and A4) is not due to differing radiographic interpretation of the fractures.
Long-term growth and alignment after occipitocervical and atlantoaxial fusion with rigid internal fixation in young children
Authors: Kennedy Benjamin C. , D’Amico Randy S. , Youngerman Brett E. , McDowell Michael M. , Hooten Kristopher G. , Couture Daniel , Jea Andrew , Leonard Jeffrey , Lew Sean M. , Pincus David W. , Rodriguez Luis , Tuite Gerald F. , Diluna Michael L. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Anderson Richard C. E. , _ _ 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTThe long-term consequences of atlantoaxial (AA) and occipitocervical (OC) fusion and instrumentation in young children are unknown. Anecdotal reports have raised concerns regarding altered growth and alignment of the cervical spine after surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of these surgeries on the growth and alignment of the maturing spine.METHODSA multiinstitutional retrospective chart review was conducted for patients less than or equal to 6 years of age who underwent OC or AA fusion with rigid instrumentation at 9 participating centers. All patients had at least 3 years of clinical and radiographic follow-up data and radiographically confirmed fusion. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and most recent follow-up radiographs and/or CT scans were evaluated to assess changes in spinal growth and alignment.RESULTSForty children (9 who underwent AA fusion and 31 who underwent OC fusion) were included in the study (mean follow-up duration 56 months). The mean vertical growth over the fused levels in the AA fusion patients represented 30% of the growth of the cervical spine (range 10%–50%). Three different vertical growth patterns of the fusion construct developed among the 31 OC fusion patients during the follow-up period: 1) 16 patients had substantial growth (13%–46% of the total growth of the cervical spine); 2) 9 patients had no meaningful growth; and 3) 6 patients, most of whom presented with a distracted atlantooccipital dislocation, had a decrease in the height of the fused levels (range 7–23 mm). Regarding spinal alignment, 85% (34/40) of the patients had good alignment at follow-up, with straight or mildly lordotic cervical curvatures. In 1 AA fusion patient (11%) and 5 OC fusion patients (16%), we observed new hyperlordosis (range 43°–62°). There were no cases of new kyphosis or swan-neck deformity, evidence of subaxial instability, or unintended subaxial fusion. No preoperative predictors of these growth patterns or alignment were evident.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that most young children undergoing AA and OC fusion with rigid internal fixation continue to have good cervical alignment and continued growth within the fused levels during a prolonged follow-up period. However, some variability in vertical growth and alignment exists, highlighting the need to continue close long-term follow-up.
Effect of bending direction on the mechanical behaviour of 3.5 mm String-of-Pearls and Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate constructs
Authors: Benamou J. , Demianiuk R. M. , Rutherford S. , Beckett C. , Ness M. G. , Haut R. C. , Déjardin L. M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjective: To compare the bending properties of String-of-Pearls® (SOP) and Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate® (LCDCP) constructs in orthogonal bending directions.Methods: 3.5 mm SOP and LC-DCP plates were fixed to a bone model simulating a comminuted tibial fracture. Specimens were non-destructively tested in both mediolateral and craniocaudal bending for 10 cycles. Bending stiffness and total angular deformation were compared using parametric analyses (p <0.05).Results: For both constructs, stiffness was significantly less when bending moments were applied against the thickness of the plates (mediolateral bending) than against the width (craniocaudal bending). When compared to the mediolateral plane, bending constructs in the craniocaudal plane resulted in a 49% (SOP group) and 370% (LC-DCP group) increase in stiffness (p <0.001). Mediolateral bending stiffness was significantly greater in the SOP than the LC-DCP constructs. Conversely, in craniocaudal bending, SOP constructs stiffness was significantly less than that of the LC-DCP constructs. The differences between the two constructs in total angular deformation had an identical pattern of significance.Clinical significance: This study found that SOP showed less variability between the orthogonal bending directions than LC-DCP in a comminuted fracture model, and also described the bi-planar bending behaviour of both constructs. Although not exhibiting identical bending properties in both planes, SOP constructs had a more homogenous bending behaviour in orthogonal loading directions. The difference between the SOP with a circular cross sectional shape compared to the rectangular shape of standard plates is probably responsible for this difference.
Tensions generated in a lateral fabellotibial suture model
Authors: Horstman C. , Mason D. R. , Burton A. F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjectives: To compare suture tension on a simulated lateral fabellotibial suture model using various methods of application of tension, fixation, and suture materials.Methods: Veterinarians constructed simulated lateral fabellotibial suture constructs on a tying stand with a force sensor. Participants used combinations of 45 kg test mono-filament nylon, metric 7 braided polyethylene, crimps, crimper, or knots, with their choice of instruments to secure the constructs. The tension in completed constructs was measured and comparisons were made between nylon and polyethylene, the use of crimps compared to knots, and the use of a mechanical distractor compared to hand tightening techniques. A value of p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Fifty-eight veterinarians created 72 lateral suture constructs. Final tensions generated ranged from 1.4–171.0N. The median tension of nylon sutures (43.9N ± 44.7N) was significantly greater than polyethylene sutures (9.5 N ± 19.6N). The median tension of constructs secured with crimps (62.8N ± 42.4N) was significantly greater than constructs secured with knots (11.8 N ± 14.8N). The mechanical distractor generated significantly higher median tension (78N ± 50.4N), compared to methods without the device (18.6 N ± 25.1N).Clinical significance: There was a large variability in the tension generated in simulated lateral fabellotibial constructs. Veterinarians who used nylon, crimps, and the mechanical tensioner generated constructs with greater tensions.
Paraphyly changes understanding of timing and tempo of diversification in subtribe Hakeinae (Proteaceae), a giant Australian plant radiation
Authors: Mast Austin R. , Olde Peter M. , Makinson Robert O. , Jones Eric , Kubes Amanda , Miller Eliot T. , Weston Peter H. 
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Subtribe Hakeinae (526 spp.) represents a large Australian plant radiation central to our understanding of that flora's evolution and ecology. It contains Grevillea—the third largest plant genus in Australia and a group inferred to have among the highest diversification rates in the angiosperms. However, we lack a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding subtribe Hakeinae and recognize that Grevillea lacks an unambiguous synapomorphy supporting its monophyly.METHODS:We used four plastid and one nuclear DNA region from a taxonomically even sampling of a third of the species to infer a time‐calibrated phylogeny of Hakeinae and absolute diversification rates of major clades. We developed the R package addTaxa to add unsampled taxa to the tree for diversification rate inference.KEY RESULTS:Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea and Finschia. Under most parameter combinations, Hakea contains the major clade with the highest diversification rate in Hakeinae, rather than Grevillea. The crown age of the Grevillea+Hakea+Finschia crown group is about double that of prior estimates.CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrate that the paraphyly of Grevillea considerably enlarges the number of Australian descendants from its most recent common ancestor but has also misled investigators who considered a single operational taxonomic unit as adequate to represent the genus for inferences of diversification rate and timing. Our time‐calibrated phylogeny can form the basis of future evolutionary, comparative ecology, and biogeography studies involving this large Australian plant radiation, as well as nomenclatural changes.
New insights into evolutionary relationships within the subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae) based on pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) nuclear DNA sequences
Authors: Roy Tilottama , Lindqvist Charlotte 
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Lamioideae, one of the most species‐rich subfamilies within Lamiaceae, exhibits a remarkable diversity in morphology and habit and is found in many temperate to subtropical regions across the globe. Previous studies based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence data produced a tribal classification of Lamioideae, but so far this has not been confirmed with nuclear DNA loci.METHODS:We investigated sequence variation in a low‐copy nuclear pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) region and compared the phylogenetic results with previously published sequence data from a concatenated data set comprising four cpDNA loci. We incorporated representatives of all 10 lamioid tribes and some unclassified taxa, analyzed the data using phylogenetic inference, and estimated divergence times and ancestral areas for major nodes.KEY RESULTS:Our results showed overall topological similarities between the cpDNA and PPR phylogenies with strong support for most tribes. However, we also observed incongruence in the circumscription of some tribes, including Gomphostemmateae and Pogostemoneae and in the relationships among tribes. Our results suggest an Oligocene‐Miocene origin of the Lamioideae crown group. Asia and the Mediterranean region appear to have been centers of diversity and place of origin for many lamioid tribes.CONCLUSIONS:This study represents the first phylogeny of subfamily Lamioideae inferred from low‐copy nuclear DNA data. We show that most lamioid tribes are corroborated, although the exact circumscription of two tribes is questioned. We have shed further light on the evolutionary relationships within Lamioideae, and this study demonstrates the utility of the PPR region for such subfamilial‐level phylogenetic studies.