bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen solubility in odontocete blubber and mandibular fats in relation to lipid composition
Authors: Lonati Gina L. , Westgate Andrew J. , Pabst D. Ann , Koopman Heather N. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding toothed whale (odontocete) diving gas dynamics is important given the recent atypical mass strandings of odontocetes (particularly beaked whales) associated with mid-frequency naval sonar. Some stranded whales have exhibited gas emboli (pathologies resembling decompression sickness) in their specialized intramandibular and extramandibular fat bodies used for echolocation and hearing. These tissues have phylogenetically unique, endogenous lipid profiles with poorly understood biochemical properties. Current diving gas dynamics models assume an Ostwald nitrogen (N2) solubility of 0.07 ml N2 ml−1 oil in odontocete fats, although solubility in blubber from many odontocetes exceeds this value. The present study examined N2 solubility in the blubber and mandibular fats of seven species across five families, relating it to lipid composition. Across all species, N2 solubility increased with wax ester content and was generally higher in mandibular fats (0.083±0.002 ml N2 ml−1 oil) than in blubber (0.069±0.007 ml N2 ml−1 oil). This effect was more pronounced in mandibular fats with higher concentrations of shorter, branched fatty acids/alcohols. Mandibular fats of short-finned pilot whales, Atlantic spotted dolphins and Mesoplodon beaked whales had the highest N2 solubility values (0.097±0.005, 0.081±0.007 and 0.080±0.003 ml N2 ml−1 oil, respectively). Pilot and beaked whales may experience high N2 loads during their relatively deeper dives, although more information is needed about in vivo blood circulation to mandibular fats. Future diving models should incorporate empirically measured N2 solubility of odontocete mandibular fats to better understand N2 dynamics and potential pathologies from gas/fat embolism.
Identification of the facts and the evidence obtained Unscrupulous entity
Authors: Кочинев  , Kochinev Yuriy , Виноградова  , Vinogradova O. 
Published: August 2015

The article describes the steps of the auditor in relation to the identification of unfair entity and obtain appropriate evidence of premeditation. Proposed in the article recommendations
include an assessment of the risks of material misstatement due to fraud, identity revealed distortion as possible, deliberate, premeditated taking of evidence identified misstatements
Internal audit of of fixed assets of organization
Authors: Бородина  , Borodina Valyentina 
Published: August 2015

This article describes how the internal audit on the basis of laws and regulations in their areas of accounting of fixed assets: valuation (original, subsequent revaluation, revaluation
surplus reduction); depreciation; restoration of fixed assets; lease; disposal; selecting and determining the overall scheme of fixed assets; workflow, as well as recommendations
on the formation of the program of internal audit.
Optimal Allocation Without Money: An Engineering Approach
Authors: Ashlagi Itai , Shi Peng 
Published: August 2015

We study the allocation of heterogeneous services to agents with incomplete information and without monetary transfers. Agents have private, multidimensional utilities over services, drawn from commonly known priors. The social planner’s goal is to maximize a potentially complex public objective. For tractability, we take an “engineering” approach, in which we solve a large-market approximation, and convert the solution into a feasible finite-market mechanism that still yields good results. We apply this framework to real data from Boston to design a mechanism that assigns students to public schools, in order to maximize a linear combination of utilitarian and max-min welfare, subject to capacity and transportation constraints. We show how to optimally solve a large-market formulation with more than 868 types of students and 77 schools, and we translate the solution into a finite-market mechanism that significantly outperforms the baseline plan chosen by the city in terms of efficiency, equity, and predictability. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2162 . This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Hit or Miss: What Leads Experts to Take Advice for Long-Term Judgments?
Authors: Ecken Philipp , Pibernik Richard 
Published: August 2015

Managers and policy makers frequently face crucial strategic decisions that inevitably rely on judgments about relevant future events. These judgments are often characterized by very high uncertainty and the absence of experience from previous good or bad judgments. Judgments of other experts are oftentimes an important—sometimes the only—source of additional information to reduce uncertainty and improve judgment accuracy. However, in many practical situations, decision makers have very limited means to evaluate the quality of such “advice” from other experts and could tend to ignore this valid source of information. In this paper, we study what leads decision makers to take advice from an expert panel when judging the probability of far-future events with high economic impact. Our analysis is based on a unique data set that comprises more than 15,000 advice-taking decisions made by almost 1,000 experts from different industries. We find that decision makers have a strong tendency to ignore advice, which pronounces even further when conflicts in terms of beliefs, past experiences, or desires arise.This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Using Longitudinal Data to Understand Changes In Consistent Contraceptive Use
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Tapales Athena , Lindberg Laura D. , Frost Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

CONTEXTMost studies of contraceptive behavior rely on cross‐sectional data and are unable to adequately measure fluctuations in contraceptive use or changes in circumstances and attitudes that are likely to be associated with this outcome.METHODSBetween November 2012 and May 2014, four waves of data were gathered from a national sample of 1,842 women aged 18–39 at baseline. Cross‐tabulations were used to examine change and stability in time‐varying characteristics theorized to be associated with consistent contraceptive use. Random‐effects and fixed‐effects logistic regression models were used to examine variables associated with consistent contraceptive use.RESULTSWhile a majority of women were at risk of unintended pregnancy during each survey period, only 42% were at risk during all four. Random‐effects logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of being a consistent contraceptive user were 10 times as high for a woman who expressed a strong pregnancy avoidance attitude as for a woman who had a weak attitude. This strong association was confirmed in the fixed‐effects model. However, having a strong desire to avoid pregnancy was not static; among women at risk of unintended pregnancy during at least one survey period, 53% reported a change in attitude.CONCLUSIONSThese findings build on prior research suggesting that pregnancy avoidance attitudes are an important motivator for contraceptive use. It is critical to recognize that the context in which many women make decisions about pregnancy and contraceptive use changes over relatively short periods of time.
Decomposition of the gender wage gap in Portugal, 1998–2007: The evidence of gender discrimination
Authors: Figueiredo Maria da Conceição , Botelho Maria do Carmo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender wage gap in Portugal by applying the counterfactual decomposition method employed by Machado and Mata (2005). In order to obtain a measure for wage discrimination at different quantiles, wage function estimation is based on quantile regression analysis (Koenker and Basset 1978), using datasets from the Inquérito ao Emprego (IELFS – Portuguese Labour Force Survey) of 1998 and 2007. The decomposition of gender wage inequality shows potential wage discrimination by gender due to the differences in the returns of working men’s and women’s characteristics. This discrimination increases across the whole distribution, for both 1998 and 2007. Although differences in the working men’s and women’s characteristics declined, the results show empirical evidence of the persistence of the discrimination effect in 2007 – at the same level. In addition, Oaxaca-Blinder’s standard decomposition approach, developed in 1973, was applied. The results confirm the average gender wage gap does not reflect the reality observed throughout the wage distribution, inasmuch as it overestimates what happens in lower-level quantiles and underestimates those of the higher levels.
Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics
Authors: Otheguy Ricardo , García Ofelia , Reid Wallis 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The concept of translanguaging is clarified, establishing it as a particular conception of the mental grammars and linguistic practices of bilinguals. Translanguaging is different from code switching. Under translanguaging, the mental grammars of bilinguals are structured but unitary collections of features, and the practices of bilinguals are acts of feature selection, not of grammar switch. A proper understanding of translanguaging requires a return to the well known but often forgotten idea that named languages are social, not linguistic, objects. Whereas the idiolect of a particular individual is a linguistic object defined in terms of lexical and structural features, the named language of a nation or social group is not; its boundaries and membership cannot be established on the basis of lexical and structural features. The two named languages of the bilingual exist only in the outsider’s view. From the insider’s perspective of the speaker, there is only his or her full idiolect or repertoire, which belongs only to the speaker, not to any named language. Translanguaging is the deployment of a speaker’s full linguistic repertoire without regard for watchful adherence to the socially and politically defined boundaries of named (and usually national and state) languages. In schools, the translanguaging of bilinguals tends to be severely restricted. In addition, schools confuse the assessment of general linguistic proficiency, which is best manifested in bilinguals while translanguaging, with the testing of proficiency in a named language, which insists on inhibiting translanguaging. The concept of translanguaging is of special relevance to schools interested in the linguistic and intellectual growth of bilingual students as well as to minoritized communities involved in language maintenance and revitalization efforts.
Resisting linguistic marginalization in professional spaces: Constructing multi-layered oppositional stances
Authors: Sandhu Priti 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the resistant stances enacted by six recently-graduated, Hindi medium educated (HME) Indian women against the primacy accorded to English medium educated (EME) individuals in urban professional hiring practices. The data were collected in face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews by the researcher in the summer of 2013 from New Delhi. Aligning with Jaffe’s (2009) argument that a salient role of stance-based research is to theorize the relationship between stancetaking and sociocultural conditions and adopting a critical constructivist perspective (while withholding claims about participants’ inner psychological states), this paper shows that within the postcolonial context of urban India, the liminal, hybrid, third spaces of participants’ locations are discursively connected to the exigencies and inequalities characteristic of their local social structures. Analysis of participants’ resistant stances demonstrates their complex, multi-layered, and context-specific characteristics elucidating the ways in which these stance performances are achieved by variously intertwining discourses about linguistic prejudices, nationalism, colonialism, gender and socioeconomic conditions. Specifically, these sociopolitical issues are related to (i) gender-based personal safety anxieties, (ii) neoliberal discourses about India’s demographic dividend (i.e. the public celebration of the increase in the country’s ‘young’ population), (iii) arguments about justice, citizenship and national language, (iv) discourses of colonialism and government apathy, (v) group rights, ethics and responsibilities, and (vi) an unvarnished shaming of the ubiquity of EME preference in local hiring practices. The paper argues that HME-associated linguistic exclusionary practices, whether driven by economic necessities or by biased linguistic ideologies, perpetuate and deepen existing class-based divides, fail the aspirational needs of a growing urban, youthful, and vernacular medium educated population while further complicating the challenges faced by women in a historically patriarchal society.
Long-term stability of glucose: 96-h study using Terumo Glycaemia tubes
Authors: Winter Theresa , Greiser Anne , Nauck Matthias , Petersmann Astrid 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLong transportation times of samples can occur due to centralization of laboratories, and also in, for instance epidemiological multicenter studies with one core laboratory. Unsatisfactory glycolysis inhibition is known to threaten the correct measurements of glucose concentration in patient samples. In former studies Terumo Glycaemia tubes proved to be superior to other anticoagulant systems for time periods of up to 24 h. We investigated long-term stability of glucose concentration in Terumo Glycaemia tubes for up to 96 h at room temperature and imitated transport conditions by continuous sample shaking.Human venous blood samples were collected from 40 healthy blood donors using Terumo Glycaemia tubes. Immediately after sampling, tubes were mixed according to the manufactures recommendations. To simulate transportation conditions samples were placed on a shaker for the entire study period and maintained at room temperature. Samples were (re)centrifuged at 0, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h prior to measuring glucose concentration. The glucose concentration at 0 h was used as baseline for evaluation of long-term stability.The recovery of glucose was 100% throughout the study, including the 96-h measurements. Deviations of single glucose measurements were within the imprecision of the measurement procedure.Terumo Glycaemia tubes can effectively stabilize glucose in whole blood samples kept at room temperature on a shaker during a 96-h time period. Therefore, we consider Terumo Glycaemia tubes as a suitable glucose stabilizing tube for long intervals between sample collection and glucose quantification.
Rust exfoliation on carbon steels in chloride-rich atmospheres
Authors: Chico Belen , Alcántara Jenifer , Pino Elizabeth , Díaz Iván , Simancas Joaquín , Torres-Pardo Almudena , de la Fuente Daniel , Jiménez José Antonio , Marco José F. , González-Calbet José María , Morcillo Manuel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe exposure of carbon steel in marine atmospheres can lead in certain circumstances to the formation of thick rust layers (containing a number of compact laminas) that are easily detached (exfoliated) from the steel substrate, leaving it unprotected and considerably accelerating the corrosion process. This deterioration phenomenon is of particular concern in steel infrastructures located close to the sea (civil constructions, bridges, etc.), whose service lifetime can be extraordinarily limited. High times of wetness of the metallic surface and high chloride ion deposition rates play a decisive role in the formation of this type of rust. Research has been carried out for 1 year in eight pure marine atmospheres with annual average chloride deposition rates of 70–1906 mg Cl-/m2day. The studied carbon steels consisted of one mild steel, one conventional weathering steel (Corten A), and one high nickel (~3 wt.%) advanced weathering steel (AWS). The paper describes the environmental conditions that lead to the formation of these thick multilaminar rust layers and presents a characterisation study of this singular type of rust using a variety of analysis techniques: scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy/electron diffraction. The Ni-AWS shows greater resistance to the occurrence of rust exfoliation.
Role of Mo/V carbides in hydrogen embrittlement of tempered martensitic steel
Authors: Lee Junmo , Lee Taekyung , Kwon Young Jin , Mun Dong-Jun , Yoo Jang-Yong , Lee Chong Soo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The vulnerability of tempered martensitic steel to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) has attracted attention from a number of researchers. Although utilizing carbide precipitation is one of effective methods to improve HE resistance, few studies have focused on the effects of carbide characteristics, such as the chemical composition and morphology of carbide. This work clarifies the role of Mo carbide and V carbide in the HE behavior of tempered martensitic steels with four steels whose chemical composition was carefully controlled. The beneficial effect of carbides is discussed in terms of hydrogen trapping and fracture mode. The low amount of trapped hydrogen and undissolved carbide led to excellent HE resistance of Mo carbides compared to V carbides. In addition, the superior mechanical performance of Cr-Mo steel was also interpreted by the effect of Cr addition as well as Mo carbides.
Barriers to health education in adolescents: health care providers’ perspectives compared to high school adolescents
Authors: Abedian Kobra , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Aim: Although adolescence is marked by profound and dynamic changes, it is virtually neglected by health care providers, by society, and even by most parents, teachers, and health professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate barriers to health education in adolescents from health care providers’ views compared to teens.
Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 72 health care providers and 402 high school female students in Northern Iran in 2012. They completed a self-administered questionnaire about their views on barriers to adolescents’ health education.
Results: It is revealed that the major barrier to adolescents’ health education from a health care providers’ perspective is “Lack of private room for adolescents’ health education”, while “Lack of adolescents’ interest to content of educational programs” is a significantly greater barrier to health education among adolescents.
Conclusion: The results suggest that for adolescent health education, specific strategies should be used in adolescent health promotion programs.
A Quantum Corrected Poisson-Nernst-Planck
Model for Biological Ion Channels
Authors: Liu Jinn-Liang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A quantum corrected Poisson-Nernst-Planck (QCPNP) model is proposed for simulating ionic currents
through biological ion channels by taking into account both classical and quantum mechanical effects.
A generalized Gummel algorithm is also presented for solving the model system. Compared with the experimental
results of X-ray crystallography, it is shown that the quantum PNP model is more accurate than the
classical model in predicting the average number of ions in the channel pore. Moreover, the electrostatic potential
has been found to reach as high as 19% difference between two models around the charged vestibule
which has been shown to play a significant role in the permeation of ions through ion-selective ligand-gated
or voltage-activated channels. These results indicate that the QCPNP model may be considered as a more
refined continuum model that can be incorporated into a multi-scale electrophysiology modeling.
The Moral Economy of Global Crowds: Egypt 1977, Brazil 2013
Authors: Drainville A. C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPresuming the hegemony of transnational capital – and thus the perils of action at the global level – critical scholarship has looked with benevolent complacency upon what people actually resisting neoliberal world ordering in our time have been inventing in the course of their struggles. Here, I want to stay a little longer with praxis itself as it takes shape in moments of encounters between global power and its opposite, when world order can still be problematized as if it was at stake. Looking into the gatherings of global crowds, I find a common legitimizing notion. In contrast to the “steady-state” morality of peasants, the moral economy of global crowds is more properly thought of as a morality of situation. It is not about subjectivity but presence. In the second section of the text, I argue for the relative coherence of a “moral and ethical order” of resistance. That we may still be in a time when it appears unnatural for power to be defined outside concrete, historical, situations when presence is possible suggests that domination, not hegemony, should serve as our reference point for thinking about world order and resistance.
The physiological and mononuclear cell activation response to cryotherapy following a mixed martial arts contest: a pilot study
Authors: Lindsay Angus , Carr Sam , Othman Mohd Izani , Marks Edward , Davies Sian , Petersen Carl , Draper Nick , Gieseg Steven P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cold water immersion is thought to reduce the inflammatory response to injury. Using cultured mononuclear cells and human subjects in a mixed martial arts (MMA) contest, we examined the effect of cryotherapy on 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin generation. Urine was collected from 10 elite male mixed martial artists before, immediately post and 1, 2, 24 and 48 h following a contest. Myoglobin was analysed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and urinary neopterin and total neopterin (neopterin+7,8-dihydroneopterin) were measured by strong cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Cold water immersion and passive recovery were compared using changes in these markers, while cryotherapy tested total neopterin production in γ-interferon and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated blood-derived mononuclear cells (monocytes/T cells). Myoglobin significantly increased (p<0.05) at 1 h post-contest, neopterin significantly increased at 1 and 24 h (p<0.05), total neopterin significantly increased (p<0.05) at 1 h post for the passive group only, and significant individual variation was observed for all markers (p<0.01). Cold water immersion attenuated total neopterin production (p<0.05), while cryotherapy significantly reduced total neopterin production in PMA-stimulated mononuclear cells (p<0.01). Cryotherapy attenuates the post-exercise inflammatory response following an MMA contest. The evidence also suggests that the mechanisms responsible for this may be related to direct immune cell suppression.