bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerenchyma in emergent plants and rhizospheric microbial communities promote methane fluxes in wetlands
Authors: Guo Shaozhuang , Zhang Songhe , Lv Xin , Chen Hezhou , Chen Jie , Gao Junfeng , Zhang Wenming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWetlands are the largest natural source of CH4 globally, yet our understanding of how environmental parameters and microorganisms affect the production and emission of CH4 in emergent plant–sediment systems remains limited. In this study, CH4 fluxes were investigated in a wetland with Canna indica for 42 d, as well as nutrients and microbial community. It was found that the chimney effect formed by aerenchyma in roots, stems, and leaves of C. indica promoted the emission and oxidation of CH4 in the wetland and reduced the CH4 concentration in sediments. Canna indica reduced the nutrient release from surface sediments into the overlying water. Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential were the main influencing factors for CH4 production and oxidation in the wetland. Canna indica inhibited the diversity of archaeal community but promoted the diversity of bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Stochastic processes had a greater impact on bacterial and archaeal succession trajectories in wetland sediments. Network analysis showed that C. indica promoted interactions among bacteria and archaea that enhanced their ability to resist environmental interference. The well‐developed aerenchyma of C. indica provided an important passage for the transport of CH4 from sediments to the atmosphere and shaped the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere. Meanwhile, CH4 emissions were also constrained by several variables, such as temperature and physiological adaptation in the long term. Thus, it is necessary to plant emergent plants in areas with low CH4 emissions and optimize plant configuration in the context of global warming.
Simultaneous Dynamic Display of Meta‐Hologram and Meta‐Nanoprinting with High Frame Rate
Authors: Xu Ke , Liu Yuncheng , Fan Xuhao , Wang Xinger , Yu Xuan , Teng Zhilin , Zheng Guoxing , Xiong Wei , Gao Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDynamic holography can reconstruct realistic and highly interactive 3D scenes, offering a promising way for future display. Emerging metasurface with small pixel size and powerful light modulation capability demonstrates performance superior to traditional spatial light modulators, but dynamic meta‐holography with high information capacity and high frame rate remains a challenge. This paper presents a design scheme combining a preset polarization‐dependent metasurface with a high‐speed projection module to realize smooth dynamic display at multiple polarization states. With the projection module, the system can achieve dynamic meta‐holography at two orthogonal circular polarization states with 237 and 247 different holographic frames respectively, and grayscale meta‐nanoprinting at a linear polarization state with three different patterns. At the same time, the polarization multiplexed dynamic display scheme enables independent displays at three distinct polarization states with an extremely high frame rate (9523 frames per second). This advancement holds promise for applications in dynamic holographic display, optical encryption, virtual reality, and information storage.
LEADERSHIP PERSPECTIVES FROM ENTREPRENEURS IN SOUTH KOREA AND THAILAND
Authors: Ramirez Byron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe author is a senior researcher at the Management as a Liberal Art Research Institute. He recounts his recent research as a result of travels through Asia, regarding entrepreneurship and leadership in South Korea and Thailand, where he “had the opportunity to meet entrepreneurs and learn how they manage and lead their organizations.” He and a translator “traveled across large cities, small towns, and the countryside, meeting people who founded different types of organizations. We spoke to 30 entrepreneurs in South Korea and 42 entrepreneurs in Thailand who represented a wide range of missions, from for‐profit organizations to social enterprises.” He notes that “Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism are all important influences in South Korea, and have helped shape Korean identity and culture.” In Thailand, “Thai entrepreneurs told us that they do not see themselves as leaders. However, they described specific characteristics and behaviors they perceive to be associated with leaders and leadership.” Commonalities of characteristics and behaviors for both sets of entrepreneurs were, in his words, Ethical/virtue Moral character/morality; Benevolent/kindness; Compassionate/compassion; Promote welfare of others/authentic regard for people; Seek the greater good/genuine care for society; Mindful/mindfulness.
Transport Properties of Aqueous Methane Solutions and Blocking Behavior of Intelligent‐Responsive Temporary Plugging Agent in a Switchable Nano‐channel: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Zhu Bowen , He Zhongjin , Jiang Guosheng , Ning Fulong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntelligent‐responsive temporary plugging agents (TPAs) have great potential in the field of oil and gas resource extraction due to their self‐adaptability to the environment. However, the transport mechanism of oil and gas molecules, such as aqueous methane solution in intelligent‐responsive TPA‐modified nano‐channels and the blocking behavior of TPA, have not been verified yet. In this work, dissipative particle dynamics simulations (DPD) are conducted to investigate the velocity distribution and the force characteristics of aqueous methane solutions under different driving velocities, as well as the blocking effect of TPA to the flow of solution. Simulation results indicate that aqueous methane solution primarily concentrates in the uncovered area of the TPA and diffuses into the TPA‐covered area when the nano‐channel is closed. The velocity distribution of the flowing solution in the open nano‐channel follows a subparabolic pattern. Methane molecules in the closed nano‐channel show sharp oscillations in velocity and force profiles, which can be mitigated by increasing the methane concentration. The designed TPA effectively blocks fluid flow but its head and tail are vulnerable to the shear forces from the fluid. This study enhances the understanding of the nanoflows in the wellbores during the extraction of oil and natural gas resources.
Frizzled 6 endows high‐grade serous ovarian cancer with stem‐like properties and chemoresistance
Authors: Chen Shaorong , Yang Guang , Shi Qirong , Wan Ningning , Lin Ruyin , Wang Lianhua , Hu Xinxin , Zhuang Xuanxuan , Yu Liying , Sui Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStem‐like properties contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. High‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) exhibits a very aggressive phenotype characterized by extensive metastasis, rapid progression, and therapy resistance. Frizzled 6 (FZD6) is overexpressed in HGSOC, and higher levels of FZD6 have been associated with shorter survival times in patients with HGSOC. Functionally, FZD6 promotes HGSOC growth and peritoneal metastasis. It endues HGSOC cells with stem‐like properties by modulating POU5F1, ALDH1, and EPCAM. It can also desensitize HGSOC cells to certain chemical drugs. As a putative ligand for FZD6, WNT7B is also implicated in cell proliferation, stem‐like properties, invasion and migration, and chemoresistance. SMAD7 is a downstream component of FZD6 signaling that is thought to mediate FZD6‐associated phenotypes, at least in part. Therefore, FZD6/WNT7B‐SMAD7 can be considered a tumor‐promoting signaling pathway in HGSOC that may be responsible for tumor growth, peritoneal metastasis, and chemoresistance.
Enhancing prostate cancer segmentation on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging with background information and gland masks
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Rong , Wei Xiaobin , Chen Jie , Jia Shouqiang , Wu Guangyu , Nie Shengdong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) segmentation within multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP‐MRI) was fragmented, with a noticeable lack of consensus on incorporating background details, culminating in inconsistent segmentation outputs. Given the complex and heterogeneous nature of PCa, conventional imaging segmentation algorithms frequently fell short, prompting the need for specialized research and refinement.PurposeThis study sought to dissect and compare various segmentation methods, emphasizing the role of background information and gland masks in achieving superior PCa segmentation. The goal was to systematically refine segmentation networks to ascertain the most efficacious approach.MethodsA cohort of 232 patients (ages 61–73 years old, prostate‐specific antigen: 3.4–45.6 ng/mL), who had undergone MP‐MRI followed by prostate biopsies, was analyzed. An advanced segmentation model, namely Attention‐Unet, which combines U‐Net with attention gates, was employed for training and validation. The model was further enhanced through a multiscale module and a composite loss function, culminating in the development of Matt‐Unet. Performance metrics included Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and accuracy (ACC).ResultsThe Matt‐Unet model, which integrated background information and gland masks, outperformed the baseline U‐Net model using raw images, yielding significant gains (DSC: 0.7215 vs. 0.6592; ACC: 0.8899 vs. 0.8601, p < 0.001).ConclusionA targeted and practical PCa segmentation method was designed, which could significantly improve PCa segmentation on MP‐MRI by combining background information and gland masks. The Matt‐Unet model showcased promising capabilities for effectively delineating PCa, enhancing the precision of MP‐MRI analysis.
B1‐MRF: Large dynamic range MRF‐based absolute B1+ mapping in the human body at 7T
Authors: Lutz Max , Aigner Christoph Stefan , Flassbeck Sebastian , Krueger Felix , Gatefait Constance G. F. , Kolbitsch Christoph , Silemek Berk , Seifert Frank , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to map the transmit magnetic field () in the human body at 7T using MR fingerprinting (MRF), with a focus on achieving high accuracy and precision across a large dynamic range, particularly at low flip angles (FAs).MethodsA FLASH‐based MRF sequence (B1‐MRF) with high sensitivity was developed. Phantom and in vivo abdominal imaging were performed at 7T, and the results were compared with established reference methods, including a slow but precise preparation‐based method (PEX), saturated TurboFLASH (satTFL), actual flip angle imaging (AFI) and Bloch‐Siegert shift (BSS).ResultsThe MRF signal curve was highly sensitive to , while T1 sensitivity was comparatively low. The phantom experiment showed good agreement of to PEX for a T1 range of 204–1691 ms evaluated at FAs from 0° to 70°. Compared to the references, a dynamic range increase larger than a factor of two was determined experimentally. In vivo liver scans showed a strong correlation between B1‐MRF, satTFL, and RPE‐AFI in a low body mass index (BMI) subject (18.1 kg/m2). However, in larger BMI subjects (≥25.5 kg/m2), inconsistencies were observed in low regions for satTFL and RPE‐AFI, while B1‐MRF still provided consistent results in these regions.ConclusionB1‐MRF provides accurate and precise maps over a wide range of FAs, surpassing the capabilities of existing methods in the FA range < 60°. Its enhanced sensitivity at low FAs is advantageous for various applications requiring precise estimates, potentially advancing the frontiers of ultra‐high field (UHF) body imaging at 7T and beyond.
Fast and motion‐robust saturation transfer MRI with inherent B0 correction using rosette trajectories and compressed sensing
Authors: Mahmud Sultan Z. , Singh Munendra , van Zijl Peter , Heo Hye‐Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo implement rosette readout trajectories with compressed sensing reconstruction for fast and motion‐robust CEST and magnetization transfer contrast imaging with inherent correction of B0 inhomogeneity.MethodsA pulse sequence was developed for fast saturation transfer imaging using a stack of rosette trajectories with a higher sampling density near the k‐space center. Each rosette lobe was segmented into two halves to generate dual‐echo images. B0 inhomogeneities were estimated using the phase difference between the images and corrected subsequently. The rosette‐based imaging was evaluated in comparison to a fully sampled Cartesian trajectory and demonstrated on CEST phantoms (creatine solutions and egg white) and healthy volunteers at 3 T.ResultsCompared with the conventional Cartesian acquisition, compressed sensing reconstructed rosette images provided image quality with overall higher contrast‐to‐noise ratio and significantly faster readout time. Accurate B0 map estimation was achieved from the rosette acquisition with a negligible bias of 0.01 Hz between the rosette and dual‐echo Cartesian gradient echo B0 maps, using the latter as ground truth. The water‐saturation spectra (Z‐spectra) and amide proton transfer weighted signals obtained from the rosette‐based sequence were well preserved compared with the fully sampled data, both in the phantom and human studies.ConclusionsFast, motion‐robust, and inherent B0‐corrected CEST and magnetization transfer contrast imaging using rosette trajectories could improve subject comfort and compliance, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, and provide inherent B0 homogeneity information. This work is expected to significantly accelerate the translation of CEST‐MRI into a robust, clinically viable approach.
Peripheral nerve injuries in the performing artist
Authors: Colorado Berdale , Willeford Breanna , Schultz Jacob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDancers and musicians have unique physical demands that can lead to injury of the peripheral nerves. Specific dance movements and specific instrument positions, combined with countless hours of practice and repetition, create an environment for potential nerve injury. Familiarity with these variables and recognition of the common presentations of neuropathic syndromes are essential in the evaluation of a performing artist with a suspected peripheral nerve injury. Assessment should include an understanding and analysis of their dance style or instrument playing posture, particularly in the position or motion that recreates the symptoms if possible. Practice and performance schedules should also be considered. Diagnosis may require electrodiagnostic testing, imaging, or diagnostic injections. Treatment should be comprehensive and may include modifications in practice schedule, posture/position, and technique in addition to consideration of medications, splints/orthoses, physical therapy, and injections. The instructor/teacher should be involved in the treatment plan if applicable. Complete rest in this population may not be realistic or necessary. Early and accurate diagnosis of nerve injury is important for safe return to dance or instrumental music.
A comparative study of micromorphic gradient‐extensions for anisotropic damage at finite strains
Authors: van der Velden Tim , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie , Holthusen Hagen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractModern inelastic material model formulations rely on the use of tensor‐valued internal variables. When inelastic phenomena include softening, simulations of the former are prone to localization. Thus, an accurate regularization of the tensor‐valued internal variables is essential to obtain physically correct results. Here, we focus on the regularization of anisotropic damage at finite strains. Thus, a flexible anisotropic damage model with isotropic, kinematic, and distortional hardening is equipped with three gradient‐extensions using a full and two reduced regularizations of the damage tensor. Theoretical and numerical comparisons of the three gradient‐extensions yield excellent agreement between the full and the reduced regularization based on a volumetric‐deviatoric regularization using only two nonlocal degrees of freedom.
Comparison of the dynamic characteristics of GFRP, CFRP, and hybrid composites subjected to repeated low‐velocity impact
Authors: Sozen Betul , Coskun Taner , Kapıcı Serkan , Sahin Omer Sinan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study used the vacuum‐assisted hand lay‐up method (VAHLM) to manufacture glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP), and glass/carbon fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites to examine the influences of fiber materials and hybridization on the repeated low‐velocity impact (LVI) responses. In this regard, the manufactured composites were exposed to repeated LVI loading at 3 m/s under 25.2 J impact energy, and thus dynamic characteristics such as total impulse, contact/bending stiffness, interaction time, peak force/displacement, and absorbed‐rebounded energies depending on the impact number were acquired. LVI tests were continued until penetration was observed in the composites, at which point the penetration threshold numbers for each composite type were acquired. Furthermore, the macro‐scale damage analyses depending on the impact number were gradually examined, and the impacts of hybridization and fiber material on the damage mechanisms were determined. The study found that GFRP, hybrid and CFRP composites had the highest impact resistance, respectively, and that glass fiber‐reinforcement is well‐suited for applications that require higher impact resistance. When the average penetration threshold numbers for the composites were examined, it was observed that GFRP composites had approximately five times higher penetration threshold numbers than CFRP composites and that hybrid specimens exhibited similar properties to CFRP composites in terms of impact resistance. This scenario was linked to the various deformation capabilities of glass and carbon fibers, and it was concluded that the high‐deformation capability of the fibers improved the penetration threshold numbers.Highlights
Effects of hybridization and fiber material on LVI responses were examined.
Fiber material has a significant influence on impact resistance.
Penetration threshold number can be associated with the fibers' strain capability.
The adhesion factor plays an active role in the damage of hybrid specimens.
In Silico Analysis of Conformational Dynamics and Energetic Landscapes of Putative Insulinase PF11_0189 From the Plasmodium falciparum Genome With Insulin‐Derived Peptides: Approach to Rationale Design of Insulin Peptide‐Based Inhibitors
Authors: Mahanta Prabhash Jyoti , Lhouvum Kimjolly 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTGlucose abnormality is one of the atypical symptoms mostly overlooked during severe malaria. Screening for proteases involved in glucose abnormality suggests a potential new drug target. PF11_0189 is a putative insulin degrading enzyme found in the genome of Plasmodium falciparum. In silico approach revealed that PF11_0189 is similar to the metalloproteases exhibiting a zinc binding motif. The substrate binding region of PF11_0189 catalytic domain is lined by residues of a mixed nature, enabling the accommodation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues from substrates. Analysis of each amino acid position from combinatorial peptide library suggests Thr and Ser to be the most crucial residues as upon its mutation significant improvement is observed in the binding. The peptides P‐21 (VPICSLY), P‐70 (TMICVLY), and P‐121 (AVICSLY) demonstrate significantly better interaction within the active site than a template peptide (TSICSLY). Molecular dynamic simulations confirm the complex's integrity, with all structures within the qualitative limit of compactness and stability during the simulation time. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals major conformational motions and different energy landscapes, while dynamic cross‐correlation matrix (DCCM) highlights residue interactions of the complexes. The insights obtained through computational methods provide clues about substrate selectivity in PF11_0189, which can be utilized for peptide‐based therapeutics against severe malaria.
Prefabricated contoured foot orthoses to reduce pain and increase physical activity in people with hip osteoarthritis: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: King Matthew G. , Hon Ryan , Roughead Eliza , Kemp Joanne L. , Pizzari Tania , Wong Justin , Menz Hylton B. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Harms Anton , McClelland Jodie A. , Semciw Adam I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHip osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and burdensome condition that leads to impaired quality of life and a substantial economic burden. Encouraging physical activity, particularly walking, is crucial for OA management, but many individuals with hip OA fail to meet recommended activity levels. Prefabricated contoured foot orthoses have shown promise in improving hip muscle efficiency during walking in laboratory settings, but their real‐world feasibility and efficacy remain uncertain.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated contoured foot orthoses, prescribed via telehealth, in people with hip OA.MethodsThis feasibility trial randomised 27 participants with hip OA into two groups: prefabricated contoured foot orthoses or flat shoe inserts. Feasibility outcomes were assessed, including recruitment rate, adherence, logbook completion, and dropout rate. Patient‐reported outcomes and accelerometer‐measured physical activity were collected as secondary outcomes.ResultsWhile the recruitment rate was low (0.88 people/week), adherence to the intervention (59%), logbook completion (93%), and dropout rates (7%) met or exceeded our predefined feasibility parameters. Participants found the intervention acceptable, and practicality was demonstrated with minor adverse events. Preliminary efficacy testing indicated that prefabricated contoured foot orthoses positively affected physical activity (adjusted mean difference = 2590 [260 to 4920] steps/day), with comparable outcomes for hip‐related quality of life and pain.ConclusionThis trial supports proceeding to a fully powered RCT to assess the effect of teleheath prescribed prefabricated contoured foot orthoses on physical activity in people with hip OA.Study Registration NumberNational Institutes of Health Trial Registry (NCT05138380).
Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Based on d$d$‐dimensional Bell States
Authors: Shu Ya‐Xi , Bai Chen‐Ming , Hong Wan‐Li , Zhang Sujuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, on the design process of a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol within a ‐dimensional Hilbert space is elaborated upon. A circular‐type multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on the generalized Bell state is introduced. To enhance security against external attacks, decoy states into the transmission process is incorporated. Transmission sequences of the generalized Bell state and decoy states are passed between participants. The participants then encode their secret information into the corresponding particles. Ultimately, all participants are able to derive the same key. In addition, a combination of ‐dimensional Pauli operators is utilized, making the proposed protocol feasible with current technology. Analysis and protection against intercept‐resend attack, entangle‐measure attack and dishonest participants attacks, demonstrating the feasibility of the protocol in a ‐dimensional Hilbert space. The protocol has certain advantages over other protocols in terms of a comprehensive consideration of security and efficiency.