bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance and data differencing for workflow reproducibility analysis
Authors: Missier Paolo , Woodman Simon , Hiden Hugo , Watson Paul 
Published: May 2013

SummaryOne of the foundations of science is that researchers must publish the methodology used to achieve their results so that others can attempt to reproduce them. This has the added benefit of allowing methods to be adopted and adapted for other purposes. In the field of e‐Science, services – often choreographed through workflow, process data to generate results. The reproduction of results is often not straightforward as the computational objects may not be made available or may have been updated since the results were generated. For example, services are often updated to fix bugs or improve algorithms. This paper addresses these problems in three ways. Firstly, it introduces a new framework to clarify the range of meanings of ‘reproducibility’. Secondly, it describes a new algorithm, PDIFF, that uses a comparison of workflow provenance traces to determine whether an experiment has been reproduced; the main innovation is that if this is not the case then the specific point(s) of divergence are identified through graph analysis, assisting any researcher wishing to understand those differences. One key feature is support for user‐defined, semantic data comparison operators. Finally, the paper describes an implementation of PDIFF that leverages the power of the e‐Science Central platform that enacts workflows in the cloud. As well as automatically generating a provenance trace for consumption by PDIFF, the platform supports the storage and reuse of old versions of workflows, data and services; the paper shows how this can be powerfully exploited to achieve reproduction and reuse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring European average temperature based on the E‐OBS gridded data set
Authors: van der Schrier G. , van den Besselaar E. J. M , Klein Tank A. M. G. , Verver G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA European average temperature with monthly resolution is constructed based on the E‐OBS daily data set with near real‐time updates for monitoring. Taken together, the European average temperature and the associated gridded daily maps of surface temperature from the E‐OBS data set provide a detailed record of European climate variability and change since 1950. Both are based on validated station data provided by the European National Meteorological and Hydrological Services. A quantitative analysis of the uncertainty sources to the European average temperature indicates that the uncertainties due to urbanization, statistical interpolation, and the potential inhomogeneities in the input records to E‐OBS dominate the total uncertainty estimate. In the aggregation of the interpolation uncertainty from the daily to the monthly level and then to a European averaged value, the effective sample size and the effective spatial degrees of freedom are estimated to account for spatial and temporal coherency in the uncertainty estimates. The European average temperature shows that 7 years of the top 10 warmest years are from the period starting as recent as the year 2000 and a clear upward trend in annual average temperatures over the last few decades is visible. The most recent year in the top 10 coldest years is 1987. It also shows that warming in Europe is accelerating compared to the warming over the global land masses and to a lesser extent compared to the Northern Hemisphere land masses over the period 1980–2010.
The role of pelvic and perineal striated muscles in urethral function during micturition in female rabbits
Authors: Corona‐Quintanilla Dora L. , Zempoalteca René , Arteaga Lourdes , Castelán Francisco , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the role of pelvic and perineal striated muscles on urethral function during micturition.MethodsPubococcygeus, or both bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles were electrically stimulated during the voiding phase of micturition, and bladder and urethral pressure were simultaneously recorded in urethane anesthetized female rabbits. Bladder and urethral function were assessed measuring urodynamic and urethral pressure variables obtained before and during the stimulation of muscles. Two‐tail paired t‐tests were carried out in order to determine significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups.ResultsElectric stimulation of the pubococcygeus during voiding decreased voiding efficiency and voided volume, whereas residual volume, the duration of voiding, the interval between bladder contraction and urethral resistance increased. Simultaneously, there was an increase in maximum urethral pressure, as well as an increase in the pressure to return to baseline and in the pressure required to close the urethra. Electrical stimulation of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles increased voiding efficiency, voiding duration, and the maximal pressure in bladder. Meanwhile, the maximal urethral pressure, the time related to the rise of urethral pressure, and the urethral pressure required to close the urethra decreased.ConclusionsThe stimulation of pelvic and perineal muscles have opposing roles in urethral function during micturition. Pubococcygeus muscles facilitate urethral closure, while they inhibit bladder contraction. In contrast, bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles prevent urethral contraction while they promote bladder contraction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:455–460, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disentangling the role of soil in structuring tropical tree communities at Tarap Hill Reserve of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Swapan Kumar , Sonet Sanjay Saha , Mohasinul Haque Md. , Sharmin Mahmuda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTarap Hill Reserve, the largest upland reserve of Bangladesh, is situated along the Indo‐Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. It encompasses the last remaining patches of natural vegetation in the Northeastern Tarap Mountain System and harbors 87 % of the nationally declared red‐listed vascular plant species. Despite requiring high conservation priority, this is one of the least studied reserves in the tropics. In this study, we collected vegetation and soil (eight variables) data from 68 sample plots. We identified the tree communities by cluster analysis and verified them using the multi‐response permutation procedure and detrended correspondence analysis. Species richness, diversity, and compositional similarity between the communities were also estimated. In total, 116 tree species representing 69 genera were recorded within the four identified tree community types. Finally, canonical correspondence analysis with associated Monte Carlo permutation tests (499 permutations) was performed to explore the patterns of variation in tree species distribution explained by the soil variables. Soil phosphorus, organic matter content, and pH were most closely correlated with tree compositional variation. Thus, conservation strategies that take into account variations in these influential soil factors may aid in the conservation of trees in the reserve.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Surface Active Properties of Novel Cationic Imidazolium Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Patial Pankaj , Shaheen Arifa , Ahmad Ishtiaque 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNew imidazolium gemini surfactants were synthesized by reaction of epichlorohydrin with long chain fatty alcohols furnishing products 2‐(alkoxymethyl)oxirane followed by their subsequent treatment with imidazole resulting in the formation of 1‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl‐3 alkoxy)propane‐2‐ol which on subsequent treatment with 1,2‐dibromoethane and 1,3‐dibromopropane resulted in the formation of title gemini surfactants:1,2‐bis(1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)ethane bromide (7), 1,3‐bis(1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)propane bromide (8), 1,2‐bis(1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)ethane bromide (9), 1,3‐bis(1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)propane bromide (10), 1,2‐bis (1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)ethane bromide (11) and 1,3‐bis (1(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)propane bromide (12). Their identification was based on IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR, DEPT, COSY and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties were also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements.
Interactions of Glycols with Dodecyl Isothiouronium Cationic Surfactant on the Surface Active Parameters
Authors: Hefni Hassan H. , Negm Nabel A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSurface properties of the dodecyl isothiouronium cationic surfactant in a mixed solvent of water and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights varied from ethylene glycol to polyethylene glycol‐600 were determined using surface tension and conductivity measurements. The results showed an increase in the surface properties including critical micelle concentration, effectiveness and efficiency, compared to the surfactant in pure water as the solvent. The interaction between the cationic surfactant and the glycols was described and the molecular weight of the different glycols was rationalized.
Acidolysis Reaction of Terebinth Fruit Oil with Palmitic and Caprylic Acids to Produce Low Caloric Spreadable Structured Lipid
Authors: Yanık Derya Koçak , Keskin Hasene , Fadıloğlu Sibel , Göğüş Fahrettin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe lipase (Lipozyme IM from Rhizomucor miehei) catalyzed acidolysis reaction of terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruit oil with caprylic and palmitic acid in hexane was investigated in a batch system. The effect of reaction conditions and relationship among them were analyzed and optimized by response surface methodology with a four‐factor five‐level central composite rotatable experimental design. The four major factors chosen were enzyme load (10–20 wt%), reaction time (12–20 h), reaction temperature (45–60 °C) and substrate mol ratio (TO:PA:CA, 1:2.3–4.1:1.15–2.05). Optimum reaction conditions for reaction time, temperature, enzyme load and substrate mole ratio were 12 h, 45 °C, 10 wt% and 1:4.1:2.05, respectively. The maximum yield of desired triacylglycerols (TAG) obtained at these optimum conditions was 50.87 %. Produced structured lipid had a caloric value which was 1.5 % lower than that of terebinth fruit oil. Its solid fat content was found comparable with commercially available margarines. The relative activity of lipase was well maintained in up to 10 repeated cycles.
Chemoenzymatic Method for Producing Stearidonic Acid Concentrates from Stearidonic Acid Soybean Oil
Authors: Ifeduba Ebenezer A. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n‐3) omega‐3 concentrates from 25 % SDA soybean oil (SDASO) by enzymatic acidolysis. Substrates were prepared by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of SDASO. A 62 % SDA free fatty acid mixture (SDA‐FFA) was obtained by low temperature crystallization of the chemical hydrolyzate while partial hydrolysis of SDASO by non‐immobilized lipase AY 30 (Candida rugosa) yielded a 51 % SDA acylglycerol mixture (SDA‐GLY). Reaction conditions for acidolysis between SDA‐FFA and SDA‐GLY were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Incorporation of SDA into SDA‐GLY by immobilized Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei) and non‐immobilized Lipomod 34P‐LO34P (C. cylindracea [rugosa]) lipases were modeled under varying levels of the substrate molar ratio (Sr), temperature (T), and time (t). Optimal conditions for production of a 60 % SDA concentrate were predicted to be Sr = 4.8, T = 65 °C and t = 8 h for Lipozyme RM IM and Sr = 5.0, T = 43 °C and t = 48 h for Lipomod 34P‐L034P. The model was verified experimentally by gram scale synthesis under optimal conditions which resulted in the production of 59.98 and 58.98 % SDA concentrates (≥96 % triacylglycerols) by Lipozyme RM IM and Lipomod 34P‐L034P, respectively.
Middle Eocene Ostracoda from the Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine, Cambay Basin, Gujarat
Authors: Nagori M. L. , Khosla S. C. , Jakhar S. R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
Previous work on the fauna and flora of the Cambay shale underlying as well as inter-bedded within the lignite seams of Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat allows the shale to be assigned a Lower Eocene age. However, there is no record of occurrence of any fossil from the sedimentary beds succeeding the shale-lignite sequence that might fix upper age limit of the Cambay shale. We record a characteristic Middle Eocene ostracod assemblage from the Nummulitic marl/limestone, immediately overlying the shale-lignite sequence from the Tadkeshwar lignite mine close to the Vastan lignite mine. The assemblage comprises 22 species, many of which widely occur in the Middle Eocene beds of Kachchh, Rajasthan and adjacent areas of Pakistan.
Hydrogeophysical Investigations in a Typical Khondalitic Terrain to Delineate the Kaolinised Layer using Resistivity Imaging
Authors: Rao B. Venkateswara , Prasad Y. Siva , Reddy K. Srinivas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
Investigation for high yielding water wells in the khondalitic terrain (graneti ferrous silliminite gnesiss) is mostly faced with the problem of identification of the extent of the depth of kaolinisation of the aquifer. The traditional Vertical Electrical Sounding survey, Seismic Refraction survey and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic survey could not identify the kaolinisation of the aquifer in the present investigations. The Two Dimensional (2D) Resistivity and Induced Polarization (IP) Imaging surveys are attempted for the identification of kaolinised layer and depth of kaolinisation. Number of 2D Resistivity and IP Imaging profiles were conducted near Chipurupally in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India along successful and failed wells located within short distances. Resistivity and IP measurements were carried out using an ABEM SAS 4000 Terrameter. The resistivity and I.P. images have provided a clear view of the thickness of the highly weathered zone (kaolinised zone) at both successful and failed wells. The highly weathered zone is identified with the resistivity values below 25 ohm.m. The depth of highly weathered material at failed well is extended about 8-10 m more deeper than the successful wells at some places to as much as 20 m more deep at some other places. This extended deeper kaolinisation of the aquifer is responsible for failure of wells. Layers having resistivities between 25 – 65 Ohm.m are identified as aquifer layers which are composed of moderately weathered and fractured khondalitic suit of rocks (Garnti ferrous sillimanite/biotite gneiss). Layers with resistivities greater than 65 Ohm.m are interpreted to have basement characteristics belonging to the granite gneiss. Interestingly IP imaging has not provided any greater insights in delineating the kaolinistion of the aquifer when compared to resistivity Imaging, in fact resitivity imaging has shown greater depths of kaolinisation than IP Imaging.
Palaeoecological Implications of Corallinacean Red Algae and Halimedacean Green Algae from the Prang Formation of South Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya
Authors: Ghosh Amit K. , Sarkar Suman 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The southwestern part of south Shillong plateau (Meghalaya, N-E India), designated as Sylhet Limestone Group is sub-divided into three lithounits i.e., Lakadong, Umlatdoh and Prang formations in ascending order. The Prang Formation is the youngest lithostratigraphic unit of the Sylhet Limestone Group and has been dated as Middle to early Upper Eocene based on the benthic foraminifera studies.
Thin section analysis of carbonate rocks from Prang Formation, exposed in the Bholaganj limestone quarry yielded a rich assemblage of calcareous algae. The coralline algal assemblage comprises both non-geniculate and geniculate forms. The green algae are represented by species of Halimeda belonging to the family Halimedaceae.
Palaeoecological interpretation based on diversity, growth-form analysis and taphonomic aspects of the algal assemblage indicate that in all probabilities the deposition of Prang Formation occurred in shallow, warm, shelf environment of normal salinity within the transgressive phase.
Encapsulation of exemestane in polycaprolactone nanoparticles: optimization, characterization, and release kinetics
Authors: Kumar Abhinesh , Sawant Krutika 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study was aimed at developing a polymeric drug delivery system for a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, exemestane (exe) intended for sustained targeted delivery of drug through intravenous route. Carboxylated polycaprolactone (cPCL) was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of caprolactone. Exe-loaded cPCL nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer and characterized. A 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design was used to derive a second-order polynomial equation and construct contour and response plots for maximized response of percentage drug entrapment (PDE) with constraints on particle size (PS). The independent variables selected were ratio of exe/cPCL, amount of cPCL, and volume of organic phase. Polymerization of caprolactone to cPCL was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography. The prepared NPs were evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in vitro release studies. Optimum formulation based on desirability (1.0) exhibited PDE of 83.96 % and PS of 180.5 nm. Check point analysis confirmed the role of the derived polynomial equation and contour plots in predicting the responses. Zeta potential of optimized formulation was −33.8 ± 2.1 mV. DSC studies confirmed the absence of any interaction between drug and polymer. TEM image showed non-aggregated and spherical shaped NPs. Drug release from NPs showed sustained release and followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating Fickian drug release. Thus, preparation of exe-loaded cPCL NPs with high PDE and desired PS suitable for providing passive targeting could be statistically optimized using Box–Behnken design.
Link prediction using a probabilistic description logic
Authors: Luna José Eduardo Ochoa , Revoredo Kate , Cozman Fabio Gagliardi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Due to the growing interest in social networks, link prediction has received significant attention. Link prediction is mostly based on graph-based features, with some recent approaches focusing on domain semantics. We propose algorithms for link prediction that use a probabilistic ontology to enhance the analysis of the domain and the unavoidable uncertainty in the task (the ontology is specified in the probabilistic description logic cr

$$\mathcal{ALC }$$
). The scalability of the approach is investigated, through a combination of semantic assumptions and graph-based features. We evaluate empirically our proposal, and compare it with standard solutions in the literature.
Consanguinity and Other Marriage Market Effects of a Wealth Shock in Bangladesh
Authors: Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq , Kuhn Randall , Peters Christina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper uses a wealth shock from the construction of a flood protection embankment in rural Bangladesh coupled with data on the universe of all 52,000 marriage decisions between 1982 and 1996 to examine changes in marital prospects for households protected by the embankment relative to unprotected households living on the other side of the river. We use difference-in-difference specifications to document that brides from protected households commanded larger dowries, married wealthier households, and became less likely to marry biological relatives. Financial liquidity-constrained households appear to use within-family marriage (in which one can promise ex-post payments) as a form of credit to meet up-front dowry demands, but the resultant wealth shock for households protected by the embankment relaxed this need to marry consanguineously. Our results shed light on the socioeconomic roots of consanguinity, which carries health risks for offspring but can also carry substantial benefits for the families involved.
Development of Plate Infinite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Elastic Bodies with Singularities
Authors: Liu D. S. , Cheng K. L. , Zhuang Z. W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA Plate Infinite Element Method (PIEM) formulation based on Reissner-Mindlin theory is proposed for the stress analysis of cracked plates under bending and tension. The validity of the proposed formulation is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained for the normalized Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) under various loading conditions with the solutions presented in the literature. Importantly, the proposed formulation enables the effects of different crack lengths to be analyzed without the need to re-mesh the computational domain for each simulation/analysis. Overall, the PIEM formulation provides an accurate and computationally-efficient means of analyzing a wide variety of plate bending problems.
Solution of some Engineering Partial Differential Equations Governed by the Minimal of a Functional by Global Optimization Method
Authors: Cheng Y. M. , Li D. Z. , Li N. , Lee Y. Y , Au S. K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany engineering problems are governed by partial differential equations which can be solved by analytical as well as numerical methods, and examples include the plasticity problem of a geotechnical system, seepage problem and elasticity problem. Although the governing differential equations can be solved by either iterative finite difference method or finite element, there are however limitations to these methods in some special cases which will be discussed in the present paper. The solutions of these governing differential equations can all be viewed as the stationary value of a functional. Using an approximate solution as the initial solution, the stationary value of the functional can be obtained easily by modern global optimization method. Through the comparisons between analytical solutions and fine mesh finite element analysis, the use of global optimization method will be demonstrated to be equivalent to the solutions of the governing partial differential equations. The use of global optimization method can be an alternative to the finite difference/ finite element method in solving an engineering problem, and it is particularly attractive when an approximate solution is available or can be estimated easily.
Linear Analytical Study of Large Deflection of Piezoelectric Layered Plate Under Initial Tension
Authors: Chen C.-F. , Huang B.-C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe linear problem of large deflection of a clamped and layered piezoelectric circular plate under initial tension due to lateral pressure is solved. Von Karman plate theory for large deflection is extended to a symmetrically laminated case including a piezoelectric layer. The thus derived nonlinear governing equations are simplified by neglecting the arising nonlinear terms, yielding a modified Bessel equation or a standard Bessel equation for the lateral slope. These equations are solved analytically by imposing boundary conditions for the clamped edge. For a 3-layered nearly monolithic plate with a low applied voltage upon the piezoelectric layer, the results are in a good agreement with those available in literature for a single-layered plate under pure mechanical loading, thus validates the present approach. Typical 3-layered piezoelectric plates are then implemented and the results show that, piezoelectric effect seems to be apparent only up to a moderate initial tension. For a relatively high pretension, the effect of initial tension appears to be dominant, yielding nearly the same results for the structural responses, regardless of the piezoelectric effect, i.e., the magnitude of voltage applied upon the piezo-electric layer.