bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE RELIABILITY PROPERTIES OF SOME WEIGHTED MODELS OF BATHTUB SHAPED HAZARD RATE DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Noughabi M. Shafaei , Borzadaran G.R. Mohtashami , Roknabadi A.H. Rezaei 
Published: December 2012

LetFbe a bathtub-shaped (BT) hazard rate distribution function. It has been shown that the hazard rate function of the order statistics may be BT, increasing, etc. Then, we have carried out a graphical study for some useful lifetime models.Moreover, we are interested to compare the time that maximizes the mean residual life (MRL) function ofFwith the one related to a general weighted model in terms of their locations. Also, the times maximizing the conditional reliability proposed by Mi [13] ofFhave been compared with the corresponding times of a general weighted model. As special cases, we consider order statistics and the proportional hazard rate model.
“ALL THAT IS SOLID…”:SACBES, SETTLEMENT, AND SEMIOTICS AT TZACAUIL, YUCATAN
Authors: Hutson Scott R. , Magnoni Aline , Stanton Travis W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper applies structuration theory and semiotics to interpret the results of a recently completed total coverage pedestrian survey to the east of Yaxuna, Yucatan. Data from this survey suggest that a social group centered at the site of Tzacauil vied for political clout in the Late Preclassic period through the construction of a triadic acropolis 3 km from Yaxuna. This group also initiated but did not complete a new experimental construction: a long-distance causeway between the two sites. A central facet of structuration is the instability of social practice. Rules can be altered when transposed to new contexts, while durable resources, such as causeways and acropolis groups, do not ensure the solidity of the coalitions they are meant to represent. Despite an outlay of labor never again seen to the east of Yaxuna, Tzacauil had a rather short occupation. Though they never completed the causeway, the people of Tzacauil did succeed in transforming the conventional understanding of causeways. These events support a semiotic approach since they show that materiality is contingent: it has a potential that people may or may not work to realize.
LIVING IN THE CITY: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND THE URBAN EXPERIENCE AT CLASSIC PERIOD CHUNCHUCMIL, YUCATAN, MEXICO
Authors: Magnoni Aline , Hutson Scott R. , Dahlin Bruce H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper we illustrate the distinctive settlement patterns of the city of Chunchucmil during its largest occupation in the middle of the Classic period (a.d.400–650). The unusually dense urban settlement showcased a network of boundary walls andchichbessurrounding residential groups and narrow streets winding between the tightly bounded houselots. Using a sample of 392 completely and unambiguously bounded houselots, we review the basic characteristics, the structural composition, and variability of late Early Classic and early Late Classic residential groups. Then, we explore how these city dwellers may have experienced their urban environment. Our focus is on understanding how the material aspects of the socially constructed space affected people's practices and how this materiality helped create and define specific household identities as well as extra-household social bonds.
SOMETHING IN COMMON?
Authors: Wallsten Kevin , Nteta Tatishe M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDoes elite rhetoric influence how Latinos view their relationship with African Americans? In this paper, we provide a systematic empirical assessment of the impact that elite messages have on Latino perceptions of economic and political commonality by drawing on two unique data sources: the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS) and a survey experiment embedded in the September 2010 Latino Decisions Tracking Poll (LDS). Our analysis reveals that the attitudinal effects of exposure to elite messages are strongly conditioned by one's political partisanship. To be more precise, we find that although exposure to elite messages leads Democrats to express more in common politically with African Americans, it fails to exert any significant influence among other groups and on different dependent variables. Specifically, the evidence presented here shows that reception of persuasive messages from like-minded political leaders contributes nothing to our understanding of how attitudes on economic commonality are formed and very little to our understanding of the source from which perceptions of political commonality arise among Republicans and Independents. In addition to making significant contributions to the literatures on commonality, multiracial coalitions and public opinion, these findings also make a strong case for further evaluating the role of political leadership in forging bonds of cooperation across racial lines.
Ein Gruppenbehandlungsprogramm zur Bewältigung von schweren Brandverletzungen
Authors: Seehausen Annika , Renneberg Babette 
Published: December 2012

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Schwere Verbrennungen verursachen häufig bleibende körperliche Einschränkungen und Entstellungen. Viele Betroffene fühlen sich beim Bewältigungsprozess der Unfallfolgen überfordert. Das deutschlandweit erste verhaltenstherapeutische Gruppenbehandlungsprogramm speziell für Brandverletzte wurde entwickelt, um Betroffene bei der Bewältigung der längerfristigen Folgen des Unfalls und der Rückkehr in den Alltag zu unterstützen. Fragestellung: Ziel der Arbeit ist die Beschreibung des Programms und der Implementierung sowie die Darstellung der Ergebnisse zur Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmer (n = 86). Methode: Mit Hilfe eines Evaluationsbogens bewerteten die Gruppenteilnehmer, wie hilfreich und interessant sie die einzelnen Sitzungen fanden. Antworten auf die Frage: „Was könnte an der Sitzung verbessert werden?” wurden qualitativ ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem Gruppenprogramm war hoch. 89,3 % beurteilten es als „gut oder sehr gut” und 80,4 % der Teilnehmer empfanden es als „sehr hilfreich oder hilfreich”. Als besonders wichtig wurde in den Rückmeldungen der Austausch mit anderen Betroffenen hervorgehoben. Schlussfolgerung: Das neu entwickelte Gruppenbehandlungsprogramm für Brandverletzte wurde von den Betroffenen gut angenommen und als hilfreich für die Bewältigung der Unfallfolgen beurteilt.
Do earthquakes talk to each other? Triggering and interaction of repeating sequences at Parkfield
Authors: Chen Kate Huihusan , Bürgmann Roland , Nadeau Robert M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKnowledge of what governs the timing of earthquakes is essential to understanding the nature of the earthquake cycle and to determining earthquake hazard, yet the variability and controls of earthquake recurrences are not well established. The large population of small, characteristically repeating earthquakes at Parkfield provides a unique opportunity to study how the interaction of earthquakes affects their recurrence properties. We analyze 112 M −0.4~3.0 repeating earthquake sequences (RESs) to examine the triggering effect from nearby microseismicity. We find that the repeating events with a smaller number of neighboring earthquakes in their immediate vicinity tend to recur in a more periodic manner (i.e., the coefficient of variation in recurrence intervals is less than 0.3). The total static stress perturbation from close‐by earthquakes, however, does not seem to strongly influence RES regularity. The uneven distribution of stress changes in time has a modest but significant impact on recurrence intervals. A significant reduction of recurrence intervals occurs in the case of very high‐stress changes from neighboring events. Close‐by events influence RES timing in a matter of several days or less by short‐term triggering. Events that occurred within less than 1 day of an RES often imposed or experienced high‐stress changes. A static stress increment of ~30 kPa can be enough to produce such short‐term triggering. We find that the triggered repeating events are often near the end of their average earthquake cycle, but some events occur following a substantially shortened interval. When comparing the accelerated occurrence at the time of RES events following neighboring events with varying magnitudes, we find that the distance of short‐term triggering increases from <1 km to 4 km for M1 to M4 events.
Regulation of the filament structure and assembly ofAcanthamoebamyosin II by phosphorylation of serines in the heavy-chain nonhelical tailpiece
Authors: Liu Xiong , Hong Myoung-Soon , Shu Shi , Yu Shuhua , Korn Edward D. 
Published: December 2012

SignificanceClass II myosins are the only members of this superfamily of actin-associated molecular motors that form antiparallel bipolar filaments, which are essential for the biological functions of these myosins. Here we show that the assembly ofAcanthamoebamyosin II monomers into minifilaments is modified by phosphorylation of one or more of four serine residues in the 27-residue nonhelical tailpiece at the end of each of the two heavy chains that form the coiled-coil helix characteristic of class II myosins. This regulatory mechanism might be applicable to other class II myosins that have a nonhelical tailpiece.
Risk Factors for Developing Transient Neonatal Cholestasis
Authors: Champion Valerie , Carbajal Ricardo , Lozar Jana , Girard Isabelle , Mitanchez Delphine 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:To describe the incidence and the characteristics of neonatal cholestasis in a cohort of patients with known risk factors and to investigate additional risk factors.Methods:A prospective observational study conducted between April 2008 and 2009 involved all neonates admitted in the neonatal ward. They were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups for cholestasis. The high‐risk group included preterm birth <34 weeks of gestation, small for gestational age (SGA), parenteral nutrition (PN) >7 days, abdomino‐pelvic or thoracic surgery. Bilirubinemia was weekly measured in the high‐risk group.Results:Of the 460 newborns studied, 234 were included in the high‐risk group and 226 in the low‐risk group. Cholestasis developed in 32 patients (13.7%) in the high‐risk group at mean (SD) age of 14.7 (12.9) days; all were receiving PN. None of the patients in the low‐risk group developed cholestasis. An analysis was carried out in the 207 patients in the high‐risk group who received PN. The odds ratio (OR) for developing cholestasis was 2.3 [1.1–5.0] and 5.6 [2.5–12.5] for SGA or surgical patients, respectively. Cholestasis was associated with neonatal severe conditions, longer PN duration, and more intravenous macronutrients' intakes. In multivariate analysis, SGA and neonatal surgery were strong independent risk factors for cholestasis, with OR (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of 4.4 [1.6–12.5] and 4.6 [1.7–12.3], respectively.Conclusions:Transient neonatal cholestasis is a complication of PN. SGA and neonatal surgery are additional risk factors. There is no evidence to limit intravenous protein intakes in preterm.
Fecal Calprotectin as a Correlative Marker in Clinical Severity of Infectious Diarrhea and Usefulness in Evaluating Bacterial or Viral Pathogens in Children
Authors: Chen Chien‐Chang , Huang Jing‐Long , Chang Chee‐Jen , Kong Man‐Shan 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground:Calprotectin is a marker associated with intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin in predicting bacterial/viral diarrhea and the application of fecal calprotectin in the clinical course of infectious diarrhea.Methods:Patients ages from 3 months to 10 years with infectious diarrhea were enrolled, and from each patient, 2 to 3 stool samples were collected. Fecal calprotectin levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and compared by pathogen and disease activity. A univariate linear regression was used to determine the correlation between fecal calprotectin and the clinical parameters, and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for the time course analyses.Results:The data include 451 evaluations for 153 individuals across 3 different time points. The fecal calprotectin level was higher in patients with Salmonella infection (median with range 765 [252–1246] μg/g) or Campylobacter infection (689 [307–1046] μg/g) compared with patients with rotavirus infection (89 [11–426] μg/g), norovirus infection (93 [25–405] μg/g), or adenovirus infection (95 [65–224] μg/g). Fecal calprotectin concentrations were elevated in patients with severe (843 [284–1246] μg/g) or moderate (402 [71–995] μg/g) disease activity compared with those with mild (87 [11–438] μg/g) disease activity (P < 0.05). GEE analysis suggests that fecal calprotectin is correlated with clinical severity (eg, Vesikari score) and may provide information for disease management.Conclusions:Fecal calprotectin levels increased during bacterial infection and as disease severity increased, and its levels on the initial evaluation and follow‐up visit are correlated with clinical severity. Fecal calprotectin may be a useful marker for application in children during infectious diarrhea.
Management of Ingested Magnets in Children
Authors: Hussain Sunny Z. , Bousvaros Athos , Gilger Mark , Mamula Petar , Gupta Sandeep , Kramer Robert , Noel R. Adam 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe describe a comprehensive algorithm for the management of ingested rare‐earth magnets in children. These newer and smaller neodymium magnets sold as adult toys are much stronger than the traditional magnets, and can attract each other with formidable forces. If >1 magnet is swallowed at the same time, or a magnet is co‐ingested with another metallic object, the loops of intestine can be squeezed between them resulting in bowel damage including perforations. An algorithm that uses the number of magnets ingested, location of magnets, and the timing of ingestion before intervention helps to delineate the roles of the pediatric gastroenterologists and surgeons in the management of these cases.
Portal Hypertension in Children and Young Adults With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Shneider Benjamin L. , Abel Bob , Haber Barbara , Karpen Saul J. , Magee John C. , Romero Rene , Schwarz Kathleen , Bass Lee M. , Kerkar Nanda , Miethke Alexander G. , Rosenthal Philip , Turmelle Yumirle , Robuck Patricia R. , Sokol Ronald J. ,   Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network (ChiLDREN)
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:Biliary atresia (BA) frequently results in portal hypertension (PHT), complications of which lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network was used to perform a cross‐sectional multicentered analysis of PHT in children with BA.Methods:Subjects with BA receiving medical management at a Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network site were enrolled. A priori, clinically evident PHT was defined as “definite” when there was either history of a complication of PHT or clinical findings consistent with PHT (both splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia). PHT was denoted as “possible” if one of the findings was present in the absence of a complication, whereas PHT was “absent” if none of the criteria were met.Results:A total of 163 subjects were enrolled between May 2006 and December 2009. At baseline, definite PHT was present in 49%, possible in 17%, and absent in 34% of subjects. Demographics, growth, and anthropometrics were similar amongst the 3 PHT categories. Alanine aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and sodium levels were similar, whereas there were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, white blood cell count, platelet count, and AST/platelet count between definite and absent PHT. Thirty‐four percent of those with definite PHT had either prothrombin time >15 seconds or albumin <3 g/dL.Conclusions:Clinically definable PHT is present in two‐thirds of North American long‐term BA survivors with their native livers. The presence of PHT is associated with measures of hepatic injury and dysfunction, although in this selected cohort, the degree of hepatic dysfunction is relatively mild and growth is preserved.
Building information modelling in Denmark and Iceland
Authors: Anker Jensen Per , Ingi Jóhannesson Elvar 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation of building information modelling (BIM) in the Nordic countries of Europe with particular focus on the Danish building industry with the aim of making use of its experience for the Icelandic building industry.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on two separate analyses. In the first part, the deployment of information and communication technology (ICT) in the Icelandic building industry is investigated and compared with the other Nordic countries. In the second part the experience in Denmark from implementing and working with BIM is studied. Based on findings from both parts, ideas and recommendations are put forward for the Icelandic building industry about feasible ways of implementing BIM.FindingsAmong the results are that the use of BIM is very limited in the Icelandic companies compared to the other Nordic countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to the Nordic countries in Europe, but many recommendations could be relevant to other countries.Practical implicationsIt is recommended to the Icelandic building authorities to get into cooperation with their Nordic counterparts for making standards and guidelines related to BIM. Public building clients are also encouraged to consider initiating projects based on making simple building models of existing buildings in order to introduce the BIM technology to the industry. Icelandic companies are recommended to start implementing BIM immediately although in small steps.Originality/valueThe research has particular value by its focus on how learning from implementation of BIM in one country can be used in another country.
History‐of‐management‐thought about social responsibility
Authors: Randy Evans W. , Pane Haden Stephanie S. , Clayton Russell W. , Novicevic Milorad M. 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the development of the social responsibility (SR) of business concept and related management philosophies through the history‐of‐management‐thought perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe history‐of‐management‐thought approach to social responsibility (SR) is grounded in the paradigm of continuing progress exemplified by the contributions of great management thinkers (e.g. Fayol, Taylor, Follett, Barnard). A historical evolution of the SR concept is provided, together with tracing the development of stakeholder theory in its attempt to depict the relationship between stakeholder management and SR.FindingsThree management philosophies (recognition of the external environment, a need for collaboration, and a need for a shared understanding) emerge from both classical and modern management thinkers. Recent conceptualizations have added depth by clarifying the meaning of social responsibility and in addition, detailing the nature of firm‐stakeholder relationships. Despite voluminous literature, achieving collaborative integration between firms and stakeholders in practice appears elusive.Practical implicationsThese management philosophies can help organizations navigate the intertwined relationship between business and society. Business leaders need to consider the vital role of trust in building more collaborative relationships.Originality/valueThe unique contribution of this paper is to provide the first history‐of‐management‐thought perspective on the social responsibility of business by tracing changes in the conceptualization of this concept, including the related stakeholder paradigm, to their roots in the works of renowned management thinkers.
The relevance of management to society: Peter Drucker's oeuvre from the 1940s and 1950s
Authors: Chong Derrick 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the continuing relevance to management education of the writings of Peter Drucker (1909‐2005) from the 1940s and 1950s, with particular reference toThe Practice of Management(1954).Design/methodology/approachDrucker's contribution to management writing from the 1940s and 1950s is examined via a liberal humanist perspective, which is to suggest that he attempted to develop an educated imagination in his readers.FindingsDrucker contributes to current discussions on the role of business in society and the nature of capitalism. His insistence on the business corporation being a social institution and management as a social system with multiple stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to examining Drucker's writings. Future research can include why Drucker has won acclaim outside of the USA (with the rise of Drucker Societies) and why he is absent from many undergraduate and postgraduate reading lists in management education.Practical implicationsThe current crisis of capitalism would benefit from Drucker's perspective of the US model of capitalism from the middle of the twentieth century.Originality/valueThough well‐known as a management thinker, Drucker is also marginalized by many academics, and hence is outside the reading lists of many business and management students. This paper seeks to reclaim territory for Drucker as part of current discussions on the future of capitalism and the role of the business corporation.
Sensitive skin evaluation in the Japanese population
Authors: KAMIDE Ryoichi , MISERY Laurent , PEREZ‐CULLELL Nuria , SIBAUD Vincent , TAÏEB Charles 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSensitive skin syndrome was first described in 1977; however, no robust study has been carried out to evaluate its prevalence in Japan. A national representative sample of the Japanese population over the age of 18 years was taken. Individuals were questioned by telephone and selected according to the quota method. When asked “Do you have a sensitive skin?”, 52.84% of men and 55.98% of women answered “rather sensitive” or “very sensitive”. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) between the two sexes. The non‐response rate among respondents was zero, suggesting that the term “sensitive skin” held a meaning for the majority of the population. Concerning questions about the onset of a rash, tingling or irritation in the presence of various factors, such as emotional issues, cold, heat, sun, dry air, air‐conditioning, water, air pollution and temperature variations, respondents with rather sensitive or very sensitive skin responded “yes” more often than others: approximately three‐times more often for water (18.97%/6.15%), air pollution (39.29%/12.45%) and warm climatic conditions (29.74%/9.8%). To our knowledge, this epidemiological study is the first to focus on sensitive skin among Japanese people of this century. It is of particular interest for two reasons: (i) it was conducted on a representative sample of the Japanese population; and (ii) the methodology used was identical to that used for sensitive skin assessment studies conducted in Europe and the USA, making it possible to draw certain comparisons.