bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Costly Umbilical Repairs Through Utilization of a Subsea Hydraulic Power Unit
Authors: Milwertz Helge , Bostadløkken Espen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Failure of umbilicals such as leakage or blockage in the hydraulic lines can be a challenge during operation of subsea infrastructures such as Christmas trees. These failures cause loss of redundancy and, in worst case, the operator will lose control of important valve functions on the trees. In that instance, the operator is forced to shut down production to perform costly umbilical repair or replacement prior to resuming operation.
As an alternative to umbilical repair and replacement, Siemens has developed a compact subsea hydraulic power unit (SHPU) for installation close to the subsea tree. The unit is intended as a standardized part of the operators’ toolbox, and is connected to the tree by Subsea Instrumentation Interface Standardization (SIIS) level 2 interfaces. The SHPU will take available electrical power from the existing infrastructure at the well site, and store it in a battery based energy bank. When hydraulic power is needed for valve operations on the well system, it will be provided by a pump driven by an electrical motor. Installation and retrieval of the SHPU can be done using a typical inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) Vessel with a lift wire and remote operated vehicle (ROV) assistance.
The SHPU may also be used as a building block to develop long step-out developments in a cost-efficient way. By producing the hydraulic power locally at the seabed, it is possible to remove the hydraulic lines of the umbilical and thereby gain significant reductions in investments.
Maximising Economic Recovery - A Review of Well Test Procedures in the North Sea
Authors: Marshall Craig , Thomas Alun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
One of the primary recommendations of the Wood Review is for Government and Industry to develop and commit to a new strategy for Maximising Economic Recovery from the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS). To achieve this recommendation several strategies are proposed. These cover the key UKCS areas which require enhanced development to ensure that the UK maximises the production of its assets.
As part of the Technology Strategy, there is push to apply better reservoir management techniques on a cost effective basis. In order to manage a reservoir appropriately, the produced fluids have to be measured accurately. Typically in the UK, this is accomplished through the use of Well Tests and associated equipment – namely test separators supported by single-phase flow measurement technologies.
Well test data is critical to operations in the offshore industry and covers a wide variety of applications. The data can be used to allocate produced fluids to particular wells either directly, or through verification of multiphase flowmeters. The data can also be used in the determination of reservoir size and in the positioning of new wells and installations. Another key use of well test data is in the optimisation of well production where well stream parameters can be altered to maximise hydrocarbon production levels.
However, recent first-hand audit experience by DECC suggests that well test measurement systems may not be operating at their optimal levels. For instance, primary measurement elements (flowmeters) are often not removed and recalibrated on a routine basis. There is also evidence of flowmeters being exposed to two phase flows resulting in meter degradation. In addition, the interval between the testing of individual wells may extend to several weeks, with the flow rates between tests inferred by interpolation. The risk is therefore that these measurements may result in a measurement bias.
This paper will present work completed on behalf of DECC into the current state of the art for well testing in the UKCS. North Sea operators have been questioned and their responses used to calculate typical uncertainties achieved during well testing. The significance of the uncertainty in measurement is highlighted through case studies into the impact on the applications that use well test data. Finally, alternative methods to current well testing practice are discussed with their expected impact on the UK offshore oil & gas industry.
The submitted paper provides evidence and recommendations in line with the ethos of the Wood Review, as well as assisting industry to achieve the goals and step-wise improvement in performance, which the Review demands.
Meaningful and Leading Structural Integrity KPIs
Authors: Sharp John , Ersdal Gerhard , Galbraith David 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have become well established for assessing the performance of equipment, in both terms of production capability and safety performance. Regulators are particularly interested in ensuring that KPIs for safety critical equipment are in place and are routinely measured and reviewed. KPIs do, however, have limitations when they are applied to complex passive equipment such as the structure, and because of this the importance of the primary structure as being safety critical can be diminished. Most KPIs applied to structure relate to maintenance aspects such as frequency and timeliness of inspections and efficacy of defect assessment.
A series of KPIs for structures, both in terms of components and of systems has been developed to enable both the Structural Integrity Management team and more particularly the management or operators and offshore personnel on installations to have an appreciation of the performance and capabilities of the installations and such that regulators can have an appreciation of the relative performance of different installations.
Experience from the auditors while undertaking structural integrity audits have shown that although operators recognize the importance of the structure they can have difficulty in quantifying its criticality, limitation and in particular of possible causes of damage and failure. This understanding will enable operators to concentrate resources to the optimum maintenance and repair of structures.
The paper describes the derivation and functionality of the structural KPIs which provide a way to improve the understanding of structural limitations and hence the possibilities for life extension and factors relevant to decommissioning.
Maintaining Response Readiness For Subsea Well Control Incidents
Authors: Munro Neil , Burroughs James , Lund Chris 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Following the Macondo incident in 2010, industry has taken steps to improve response readiness in case of a subsea well control incident. This led to Oil Spill Response Limited's (OSRL) Subsea Well Intervention Service (SWIS) being formed. SWIS allows industry the capability to better respond to a subsea well-control incident by providing state of the art subsea well intervention equipment.
This paper will provide an overview of SWIS and demonstrate how the equipment is stored and maintained in a response ready state, including information on periodic maintenance performed and logistics philosophy for mobilisation. In addition, it will provide an update on the Containment Toolkit, allowing for cap and flow operations.
The equipment available includes 10K and 15K psi Capping Stack Systems (CSS) and Subsea Incident Response Toolkit (SIRT); comprised of Site survey, Debris Clearance, Subsea Dispersant and Blowout Preventer (BOP) Intervention System. The equipment is stored at strategic global locations, covering the main areas of oil exploration and production worldwide. It is transportable by land, air and sea and can be called upon by any OSRL SWIS Capping member. Further to this, the OSPRAG Capping Device will be discussed, which provides cover for the UK Continental Shelf.
To enhance the capability of SWIS the Containment Toolkit will be delivered to OSRL during 2015. The equipment in the containment toolkit is designed to supplement standard industry well test hardware to create a containment system. It comprises long-lead equipment not readily available in the current industry and minimises response times by allowing a responding well operator to draw on existing resources.
Effect of High-Fluoride Dentifrice on Enamel Erosion Adjacent to Restorations In Vitro
Authors: Rolim FG , Sá AF , Silva-Filho GWL , Brandim A de S , Vale GC 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYAim: This in vitro study analyzed the antierosive potential of a high-fluoride dentifrice on enamel adjacent to restorations.Methods and Materials: Enamel blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm) from bovine incisor teeth were restored with three different restorative materials (resin, conventional glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement) and treated with dentifrices containing 0, 1100, or 5000 ppm F. After restorative procedures, initial surface Vickers hardness of the blocks were obtained. The specimens were submitted to pH cycles (4 × 90 seconds in soft drink) and treatments for five days. Between the challenges and overnight, the blocks remained in artificial saliva. At the end of the experiment, the final hardness was assessed and the percentage of surface mineral loss (%SML) was calculated. A 3 × 3 factorial design was used to conduct statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and t-test, with significance level fixed at 5%.Results: High-fluoride dentifrice decreased demineralization caused by erosive challenge regardless of the restorative material used (p&lt;0.001). Likewise, the blocks restored with conventional glass ionomer cement showed lower values of SML irrespective of dentifrice used (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Use of a high-fluoride dentifrice on teeth restored with conventional glass ionomer cement offers additional protection against enamel erosion.
Effect of Restorative System and Thermal Cycling on the Tooth-Restoration Interface – OCT Evaluation
Authors: Sampaio CS , Rodrigues RV , Souza-Junior EJ , Freitas AZ , Ambrosano GMB , Pascon FM , Puppin-Rontani RM 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY
The present study evaluated the tooth/noncarious cervical lesion restoration interface when using different adhesive systems and resin composites, submitted to thermal cycling (TC), using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL) preparations (0.7 mm depth × 2 mm diameter) were performed on 60 human third molars and randomly divided into six groups, according to the adhesive system and resin composite used: group 1 = Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2) + Aelite LS Posterior (AP); group 2 = SB2 + Venus Diamond (VD); group = SB2 + Filtek Z250XT (Z250); group 4 = Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) + AP; group 5 = CSE + VD; group 6 = CSE + Z250. Selective enamel etching was performed for 30 seconds on groups 4, 5, and 6, while groups 1, 2, and 3 were etched for 30 seconds in enamel and 15 seconds in dentin. All groups were evaluated using OCT before and after TC (n=10). Images were analyzed using Image J software; enamel and dentin margins were separately evaluated. Data from OCT were submitted to PROC MIXED for repeated measurements and Tukey Kramer test (α = 0.05). No marginal gaps were observed in etched enamel, either before or after TC, for all adhesive and resin composite systems. A significant interaction was found between adhesive system and TC for the dentin groups; after TC, restorations with CSE showed smaller gaps at the dentin/restoration interface compared with SB2 for all resin composites. Increased gap percentages were noticed after TC compared with the gaps before TC for all groups. In conclusion, TC affected marginal integrity only in dentin margins, whereas etched enamel margins remained stable even after TC. Dentin margins restored with CSE adhesive system showed better marginal adaptation than those restored with SB2. Resin composites did not influence marginal integrity of NCCL restorations.
La denuncia a través de la mujer: La casa de la laguna, de Rosario Ferré
Authors: Molestina Ana 
Published: August 2015

La historia puertorriqueña es una historia de imposiciones identitarias, choques culturales y ambivalencia desde la llegada de los españoles a la isla. En La casa de la laguna, Ferré analiza el pasado y el presente de Puerto Rico. Crea una reconstrucción simbolizada en la historia de las familias Mendizábal-Monfort, en la cual Isabel Monfort, trata de descubrir las causas del fracaso de su matrimonio. En esta búsqueda y reflexión personal, se representan las versiones olvidadas o silenciadas de la historia puertorriqueña y de igual manera, da voz y vida a las mujeres marginadas o silenciadas.
Les Médias et la Diversité: La Mise en Cause des Pratiques Journalistiques par des Habitants du Quartier de la Villeneuve en France
Authors: PAES Paula De Souza 
Published: August 2015

En 2006, plusieurs mesures ont été mises en place par le Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel afin de combattre les discriminations dans les médias. Les groupes médiatiques (France Télévisions et Radio France) s’engagent dans la lutte pour l’intégration et la construction des chaînes publiques « de tous les français ». L’article envisage interroger l’application de ces politiques et les contraintes liées à la reconnaissance des différentes composantes de la société française. L’article porte une attention particulière à la mobilisation des habitants du quartier populaire de la Villeneuve, à Grenoble, vis-à-vis d’un reportage diffusé sur France 2 sur les « violences urbaines » qui y ont eu lieu en 2010. Jugeant le reportage « partiel » et « discriminatoire », les habitants décident de porter plainte contre France Télévision. L’article s’intéresse ainsi aux formes d’expression diversifiées qui affectent le fonctionnement de la sphère publique contemporaine.
Method Validation for the Quantitative Analysis of Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and Ochratoxin A in Processed Cereal-Based Foods by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Gazioğlu Işil , Kolak Ufuk 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Modified AOAC 991.31 and AOAC 2000.03 methods for the simultaneous determination of total aflatoxins (AFs), aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A (OTA) in processed cereal-based foods by RP-HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection were validated. A KOBRA® Cell derivatization system was used to analyze total AFs. One of the modifications was the extraction procedure of mycotoxins. Both AFs and OTA were extracted with methanol–water (75 + 25, v/v) and purified with an immunoaffinity column before HPLC analysis. The modified methods were validated by measuring the specificity, selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, LOD, and LOQ parameters. The validated methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in 81 processed cereal-based foods purchased in Turkey. These rapid, sensitive, simple, and validated methods are suitable for the simultaneous determination of AFs and OTA in the processed cereal-based foods.
TLC-Direct Bioautography as a Bioassay Guided Method for Investigation of Antibacterial Compounds in Hypericum perforatum L.
Authors: Jesionek Wioleta , Móricz Ágnes M , Alberti Ágnes , Ott Péter G , Kocsis Béla , Horváth Györgyi , Choma Irena M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fast high-throughput TLC-direct bioautography (DB) is an effect-directed analysis method that enables searching for biologically active (e.g., antimicrobial) substances in complex mixtures like plant extracts. The principle of the method is that separation and detection of biological properties of given mixture components is performed directly on a TLC plate. In searching for antibacterial activity, the developed plate is immersed in a bacterial broth, and bacteria grow directly on its layer during a proper incubation time. Inhibition zones are formed in places where antimicrobial components are located. The active compounds can be further identified using spectroscopic techniques. The aim of our study was investigation of plant components of Hypericum perforatum L. tincture by TLC-DB using nine bacterial strains: Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, Xanthomonascampestris pv. vesicatoria, and Aliivibrio fischeri. Compounds showing the widest range of antimicrobial activity were isolated using semipreparative TLC and identified as apigenin, 3,8'-biapigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and linolenic acid by TLC, HPLC-diode array detection, and HPLC/MS/MS techniques.
Simultaneous Quantification of Five Bioactive Flavonoids in High Altitude Plant Actinocarya tibetica by LC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Singh Baljinder , Jain Shreyans K , Bharate Sandip B , Kushwaha Manoj , Gupta Ajai Prakash , Vishwakarma Ram A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An LC/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of five flavonoids, i.e., mosloflavone, negletein, gardenin B, 5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone, and 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone, in different ultrasound assisted solvent extracts of Actinocarya tibetica. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e column with gradient elution using methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water. The calibration curves of all five analytes showed good linearity (R2 &gt; 0.991). Accuracy and precision were within the required limits. The developed method could serve as an effective method for QC of A.tibetica. The investigated compounds were determined simultaneously for the first time in A.tibetica or any other plant.
A Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Selected Thyme (Thymus) Species by Means of the Dot Blot Test with Direct Bioautographic Detection
Authors: Orłowska Marta , Kowalska Teresa , Sajewicz Mieczysław , Jesionek Wioleta , Choma Irena M , Majer-Dziedzic Barbara , Szymczak Grażyna , Waksmundzka-Hajnos Monika 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Bioautography carried out with the aid of thin-layer chromatographic adsorbents can be used to assess antibacterial activity in samples of different origin. It can either be used as a simple and cost-effective detection method applied to a developed chromatogram, or to the dot blot test performed on a chromatographic plate, where total antibacterial activity of a sample is scrutinized. It was an aim of this study to compare antibacterial activity of 18 thyme (Thymus) specimens and species (originating from the same gardening plot and harvested in the same period of time) by means of a dot blot test with direct bioautography. A two-step extraction of herbal material was applied, and at step two the polar fraction of secondary metabolites was obtained under the earlier optimized extraction conditions [methanol–water (27 + 73, v/v), 130°C]. This fraction was then tested for its antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. It was established that all investigated extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, yet distinct differences were perceived in the size of the bacterial growth inhibition zones among the compared thyme species. Based on the results obtained, T. citriodorus “golden dwarf” (sample No. 5) and T. marschallianus (sample No. 6) were selected as promising targets for further investigations and possible inclusion in a herbal pharmacopeia, which is an essential scientific novelty of this study.
Le syndicalisme portugais et l’austérité : entre la force des protestations et la fragilité des alliances
Authors: Costa Hermes Augusto 
Published: August 2015

L’adoption de mesures d’austérité pour surmonter la crise des dettes souveraines de ces dernières années a accentué la fragilité des syndicats en tant qu’institutions, en mettant aussi à l’épreuve leur capacité de résistance en tant quemouvements. Il n’en demeure pas moins que les syndicats ont cherché à réagir, en s’insurgeant contre les politiques d’austérité. Toutefois, le syndicalisme demeure «orgueilleusement seul», touché par des divisions internes et influencé par des tendances partisanes, semblant dès lors peu enclin à former des alliances avec d’autres groupes et mouvements. Ces derniers, pourtant, partagent souvent des préoccupations semblables à celles des syndicats (la lutte contre la précarité au travail en constituant le meilleur exemple).Dans la première partie de l’article, nous synthétisons quelques-unes des mesures d’austérité, décrivons brièvement les deux principales confédérations syndicales portugaises ainsi que certains acteurs socioprofessionnels, et analysons leurs discours face à la crise. Dans la seconde partie, nous abordons les caractéristiques et les moments principaux des réactions syndicales et de la protestation sociale plus ample face à l’austérité. Finalement, nous identifions certains défis externes et internes auxquels le syndicalisme est confronté au Portugal. D’une part, les syndicats doivent résister aux pressions externes dictées par les politiques d’austérité; d’autre part, ils doivent adopter une action proactive «à partir de l’intérieur», en s’ouvrant à de nouveaux publics (travailleurs précaires non syndiqués, fortement touchés par la crise et l’austérité) et, par conséquent, à de nouvelles formes de protestation sociale. La création d’un syndicat dans le secteur de la musique, du spectacle et de l’audiovisuel et la lutte dans un centre d’appels dans le secteur de la santé sont, à cet égard, deux défis à l’autonomie et à la rénovation des pratiques syndicales, et elles constituent, peut-être, la voie d’un «syndicalisme de travailleurs précaires», inexistant jusqu’à présent.
Négocier sous contrainte : les modalités d’appropriation du rôle de « partenaire social » par les représentants de la CGT
Authors: Giraud Baptiste 
Published: August 2015

Cet article étudie les stratégies de négociation et de mobilisation des dirigeants confédéraux de la CGT à l’occasion de réformes gouvernementales de la protection sociale qui préfiguraient celles qui ont été engagées depuis 2008 en réponse à la “crise” économique. L’analyse de l’autonomie des syndicats dans la négociation de ces réformes doit être réinscrite dans un examen au plus long cours des transformations des formes et des conditions de possibilité de la lutte syndicale. L’étude des pratiques de ces dirigeants syndicaux permet, en particulier, de s’interroger sur les ressorts de leur enrôlement dans ces processus de négociation, ainsi que sur les effets et les dilemmes qu’implique cette action institutionnelle sur leur manière de contester les projets gouvernementaux.
Leur engagement dans ces procédures de concertation n’a rien de mécanique ni de consensuel. Il est, d’abord, le fruit de leur affaiblissement politique et militant. Cette situation modifie leur perception des profits qu’ils peuvent retirer à réinvestir les manières d’être et les outils légitimes dans l’espace de la négociation. Elle les porte notamment à valoriser la production de contre-expertise et de contre-propositions pour justifier leur opposition aux projets gouvernementaux. L’investissement de ces modes d’action institutionnels n’exclut pas le recours à l’arme de l’action collective, mais il contribue à en modifier les usages. D’une part, ces dirigeants syndicaux s’imposent des limites dans leurs stratégies de mobilisation des salariés pour asseoir leur légitimité dans la négociation. D’autre part, ils doivent composer avec de multiples contraintes organisationnelles qui entravent leur capacité à mobiliser leurs adhérents au cours de ces négociations interprofessionnelles.
Contre la tendance à opposer l’institutionnalisation des syndicats à leur capacité à entrer en conflit, l’étude des pratiques des dirigeants de la CGT met donc davantage en évidence les contraintes institutionnelles, politiques et organisationnelles qui influencent la manière dont s’articulent et se reconfigurent les usages syndicaux des outils de la négociation et de l’action collective.