bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereochemische Kommunikation innerhalb eines chiralen Ionenpaares
Authors: Merten Christian , Pollok Corina H. , Liao Saihu , List Benjamin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIonische Wechselwirkungen werden für die Induktion von Asymmetrie in enantioselektiven Synthesen, insbesondere in der Brønsted‐Säure‐ oder Brønsted‐Base‐Katalyse, Phasentransferkatalyse und anderen Prozessen immer bedeutender. Es fehlt jedoch oft ein detailliertes Verständnis der entscheidenden Wechselwirkungen. Hier wird gezeigt, wie ein chirales Anion ein katalytisch aktives Kation in eine chirale Konformation drängt. Die VCD‐Spektroskopie wird erstmals genutzt, um die Übertragung stereochemischer Information von einem chiralen Phosphat auf ein konformativ flexibles Mangan(III)‐Salen‐Komplexkation zu charakterisieren. Zudem können mit VCD‐Spektroskopie auch Lösungsmitteleffekte auf diesen Prozess beobachtet werden. Die erhaltenen chiroptischen Daten können direkt und quantitativ mit experimentell ermittelten Enantioselektivitäten aus einer asymmetrischen Epoxidierungsreaktion korreliert werden.
Labeling Cell Surface GPIs and GPI‐Anchored Proteins through Metabolic Engineering with Artificial Inositol Derivatives
Authors: Lu Lili , Gao Jian , Guo Zhongwu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins to the cell surface is important for various biological processes, but GPI‐anchored proteins are difficult to study. An effective strategy was developed for the metabolic engineering of cell‐surface GPIs and GPI‐anchored proteins by using inositol derivatives carrying an azido group. The azide‐labeled GPIs and GPI‐anchored proteins were then tagged with biotin on live cells through a click reaction, which allows further elaboration with streptavidin‐conjugated dyes or other molecules. The strategy can be used to label GPI‐anchored proteins with various tags for biological studies.
Poly(lactic acid)–layered silicate nanocomposites: The effects of modifier and compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Cumkur Eda Acik , Baouz Touffik , Yilmazer Ulku 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) based nanocomposites were prepared to investigate the effects of types of nanoclays. Five different organically modified nanoclays (Cloisites®15A, 25A, and 30B, and Nanofils®5 and 8) were used. Two rubbery compatibilizers, ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride, were used in the nanocomposites as compatibilizer‐impact modifier. The degree of clay dispersion, the chemical compatibility between the polymer matrix and the compatibilizers, and changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The mechanical properties and the morphological studies showed that the interactions between the different compatibilizers and PLA resulted in different structures and properties; such that the dispersion of clay, droplet size of the compatibilizer, and tensile properties were distinctly dependent on the type of the compatibilizer. Compatibility between C25A, C30B, and E‐GMA resulted in the best level of dispersion, leading to the highest tensile modulus and toughness among the compositions studied. In the mentioned nanocomposites, a network structure was formed owing to the high reactivity of the epoxide group of GMA towards the PLA end groups resulting in high impact toughness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42553.
Mechanism of the Aerobic Homocoupling of Phenylboronic Acid on Au20−: A DFT Study
Authors: Karanjit Sangita , Ehara Masahiro , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe mechanism of the gold nanocluster‐catalyzed aerobic homocoupling of arylboronic acids has been elucidated by means of DFT calculations with Au20− as a model cluster for the Au:[poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one)] catalyst. We found that oxygen affects the adsorption of phenylboronic acid and, by lowering the energy barrier, a water molecule enhances dissociation of the C−B bond, which is probably the rate‐determining step. The key role of oxygen is in activating the surface of the gold cluster by generating Lewis acidic sites for adsorption and activation of the phenylboronic acid, leading to the formation of biphenyl through a superoxo‐like species. Moreover, the oxygen adsorbed on the Au nanocluster can act as an oxidant for phenylboronic acid, giving phenol as a byproduct. As shown by NBO analysis, the basic aqueous reaction medium facilitates the reductive elimination process by weakening the Au−C bond, thereby enhancing the formation of biphenyl. The coupling of phenyl and reductive elimination of biphenyl occur at the top or facet site with low‐energy‐barrier through spillover of phenyl group on Au NC. The present findings are useful for the interpretation or design of other coupling reactions with Au NC.
Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells
Authors: Harraghy Niamh , Calabrese David , Fisch Igor , Girod Pierre‐Alain , LeFourn Valérie , Regamey Alexandre , Mermod Nicolas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSuccessful generation of high producing cell lines requires the generation of cell clones expressing the recombinant protein at high levels and the characterization of the clones' ability to maintain stable expression levels. The use of cis‐acting epigenetic regulatory elements that improve this otherwise long and uncertain process has revolutionized recombinant protein production. Here we review and discuss new insights into the molecular mode of action of the matrix attachment regions (MARs) and ubiquitously‐acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), i.e. cis‐acting elements, and how these elements are being used to improve recombinant protein production. These elements can help maintain the chromatin environment of the transgene genomic integration locus in a transcriptionally favorable state, which increases the numbers of positive clones and the transgene expression levels. Moreover, the high producing clones tend to be more stable in long‐term cultures even in the absence of selection pressure. Therefore, by increasing the probability of isolating a high producing clone, as well as by increasing transcription efficiency and stability, these elements can significantly reduce the time and cost required for producing large quantities of recombinant proteins.
Incidence and characteristics of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and non‐obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Najib Khalid , Boateng Stephen , Sangodkar Sandeep , Mahmood Shad , Whitney Hannah , Wang Chihsiung E. , Racsa Patrick , Sanborn Timothy A. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the etiologies of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) and found to have non‐obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and compare risk factors and in‐hospital mortality to those with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).BackgroundPatients presenting with an MI are often found to have NOCAD defined as less than 50% luminal diameter reduction by visual estimation on coronary angiography.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of a total of 2,038 patients that presented to NorthShore University HealthSystem with MI and underwent coronary angiography from 2010 to 2013.Results1,822 patients (89%) had CAD and 216 (11%) had NOCAD. Of the NOCAD patients, the most common etiologies were Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (28%), no alternative explanation (26%), demand ischemia (21%), myopericarditis (7%), coronary artery vasospasm (5%), and coronary artery dissection (3%). NOCAD patients were more likely to be younger and female. There was no significant difference between NOCAD and CAD patients in terms of in‐hospital mortality (3.7% vs. 4.0% respectively, OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.5–2.3, P = 0.83 by univariate logistic regression, OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.5–3.1, P = 0.74 by multivariable analysis).ConclusionsCAD patients were more likely to have traditional risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, previous MI, previous revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patients presenting with MI and NOCAD were found to have several different etiologies on coronary angiography with the most common being Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent cerebral ischemia after patent foramen ovale percutaneous closure in older patients: A two‐center registry study
Authors: Scacciatella Paolo , Meynet Ilaria , Presbitero Patrizia , Giorgi Mauro , Lucarelli Carla , Zavalloni Parenti Dennis , Biava Lorenza Michela , Marra Sebastiano 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe the cerebral ischemia recurrence rate after percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients older than 55 years and their outcomes, compared with younger patients.BackgroundThe registries data and the recent randomized trials about PFO closure are focused on patients younger than 55 years. Little is known about older patients’ long‐term outcome.MethodsIn total, 458 patients underwent PFO closure for cryptogenic cerebral ischemia and were stratified into an “older” (≥55 years, 151 patients) and a “younger” (<55 years, 307 patients) group.ResultsOlder patients had mean age of 63 ± 6 years and more atrial septum aneurysm (P = 0.05), hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (P = 0.001). Mean followup was 4.5 ± 2.8 years. Older patients had a higher rate of ischemic recurrence (0.3 vs. 4.0%, P = 0.002), after a mean time of 3.1 ± 2.6 years. The Kaplan–Meier curve confirmed higher event‐free survival in the youngers (P = 0.008). None of the patients with ischemic recurrence had significant residual shunt. Age and hypertension were correlated to ischemic recurrence, but age was the only independent predictor at multivariate analysis.ConclusionsRecurrent cerebral ischemia after PFO closure is more frequent in older patients and could most likely be associated to conditions related to age (atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation), than to paradoxical embolism. The procedure is as safe as in younger patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RhIII‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H Bond Activation by an External Base Metalation/Deprotonation Mechanism: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Jiang Julong , Ramozzi Romain , Morokuma Keiji 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe C(sp3)H bond activation of 8‐methylquinoline followed by alkyne insertion catalyzed by a RhIII complex has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Contrary to common belief, the CH bond activation of methylquinoline does not occur by the traditional intramolecular concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD) mechanism but by an external base CMD mechanism. The use of free acetate or copper(II) acetate as base permits the CH activation step, as observed experimentally. However, the following insertion is possible only if copper(II) acetate is used. The insertion followed by metathesis occurs via a cationic RhIII complex and is irreversible, which ensures the efficiency of the entire process. Therefore the use of copper is crucial for completing the catalytic cycle. The present work should help to rationalize the origins of the experimental results described in the literature.
Individual differences in cortical connections of somatosensory cortex are associated with parental rearing style in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Seelke Adele M.H. , Perkeybile Allison M. , Grunewald Rebecca , Bales Karen L. , Krubitzer Leah A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTEarly‐life sensory experiences have a profound effect on brain organization, connectivity, and subsequent behavior. In most mammals, the earliest sensory inputs are delivered to the developing brain through tactile contact with the parents, especially the mother. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are monogamous and, like humans, are biparental. Within the normal prairie vole population, both the type and the amount of interactions, particularly tactile contact, that parents have with their offspring vary. The question is whether these early and pervasive differences in tactile stimulation and social experience between parent and offspring are manifest in differences in cortical organization and connectivity. To address this question, we examined the cortical and callosal connections of the primary somatosensory area (S1) in high‐contact (HC) and low‐contact (LC) offspring using neuroanatomical tracing techniques. Injection sites within S1 were matched so that direct comparisons between these two groups could be made. We observed several important differences between these groups. The first was that HC offspring had a greater density of intrinsic connections within S1 compared with LC offspring. Additionally, HC offspring had a more restricted pattern of ipsilateral connections, whereas LC offspring had dense connections with areas of parietal and frontal cortex that were more widespread. Finally, LC offspring had a broader distribution of callosal connections than HC offspring and a significantly higher percentage of labeled callosal neurons. This study is the first to examine individual differences in cortical connections and suggests that individual differences in cortical connections may be related to natural differences in parental rearing styles associated with tactile contact. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:564–577, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual and instrumental assessments of color differences in automotive coatings
Authors: Gómez Omar , Perales Esther , Chorro Elísabet , Burgos Francisco J. , Viqueira Valentín , Vilaseca Meritxell , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco M. , Pujol Jaume 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe interest in gonioapparent pigments (metallic, pearlescent, interference, or diffractive) has increased in the last few years, especially for applications in the automotive industry. To assure a proper characterization of colors with gonioapparent pigments, commercial devices have appeared to characterize the color in different geometries, which are called multiangle spectrophotometers. As the gonioapparent pigments and multiangle instruments are relatively new, no studies exist regarding the instrumental‐based procedure followed in the industry, and if the results provided are in agreement with the observer perception.Consequently, the main objective of this study was to examine the correlation of the instrumental color differences with visual assessments. The instrumental color difference was calculated with the color difference formula AUDI2000 (specific for this sector) between the pairs of similar samples of three types of coated panels (solid, metallic, and pearlescent). The values measured by a telespectroradiometer in a directional lighting booth and the colorimetric values obtained by means of a multiangle spectrophotometer BYK‐mac were considered for this purpose. Additionally, a visual experiment was conducted to quantify the color difference by using the gray‐scale method.The results revealed that an acceptable instrumental correlation existed despite the visual and the instrumental correlation being worse. In particular, it was checked that observers accepted a larger number of color pairs, that is, the visual color difference was smaller than the tolerance demanded by the industry (derived from AUDI2000). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 384–391, 2016
Magnetofluorescent Nanoaggregates Incorporating Terbium(III) Complexes as Potential Bimodal Agents for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging
Authors: Harris Michael , Carron Sophie , Vander Elst Luce , Laurent Sophie , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTerbium(III) ions were coordinated to two diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) amphiphilic bisamide ligands, and the complexes were assembled into micellar nanoaggregates. The magnetic and optical properties of the resulting nanoaggregates were examined in detail. Upon excitation into the ligand levels at 265 nm, the complexes show characteristic TbIII emission at 546 nm with quantum yields of up to 7.6 %. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements have shown that the transverse relaxivity r2 at 500 MHz and 310 K reaches a maximum value of 9.4 s–1 mM–1. The efficient T2 relaxivity at high magnetic field strengths is sustained by the increased rotational correlation time of the nanoaggregates and high magnetic moment of the terbium ion.
Self‐Assembled Giant Vesicles Formed by Type I [3:3]‐Hexakis Adducts of C60 Equipped with Enantiomerically Pure cyclo‐Monomalonate Addends
Authors: Ioannou Charalambos P. , Ioannou Georgios I. , Moushi Eleni E. , Velonia Kelly , Chronakis Nikos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of two amphiphilic type I [3:3]‐hexakis adducts of C60 equipped with enantiopure cyclo‐monomalonate addends was explored. Studies on their self‐assembling behavior by TEM and SEM revealed that minor modification of the size and chemical nature of their glycol‐substituted monomalonate addends and, consequently, of the shape of these giant molecules significantly influences their corresponding self‐assembling architectures.
Fabrication of a Flat Tubular Segmented‐in‐series Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Decalcomania Paper
Authors: An Y.‐T. , Ji M.‐J. , Hwang H.‐J. , Choi B.‐H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA flat tubular segmented‐in‐series (SIS) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was fabricated using decalcomania paper. The performance of a two‐cell stack with 4.5‐mm‐wide electrodes was investigated in a temperature range of 650–800 °C. The decalcomania paper allowed fabrication of the SIS‐SOFC on all sides of the flat tubular support and achieve an effective electrode area larger than that obtained using typical SOFC fabrication techniques such as screen printing or slurry coating. SEM observations revealed that each component layer was flat, uniformly thick, and well adherent to adjacent layers. Measured values of open circuit voltages were very close to the theoretical values; confirming that the processing technique utilizing decalcomania paper is suitable for SIS‐SOFC fabrication. The power densities of the two‐cell‐stack were 437.4, 375.6, 324.6, and 257.1 mW cm−2 at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively.
Enhancing Conferences Using Web‐Based Asynchronous Techniques
Authors: Kasser Joseph E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article describes ways to enhance conferences using Web‐Based asynchronous techniques and the advantages and disadvantages as compared to a traditional synchronous face‐to‐face conference. The paper treats the development of the prototype WebConference as a case study, discusses the prototyping experiments – which used the world as a laboratory, and provides several lessons about the requirements and systems engineering processes.
Track 3: An Integrated Approach to Risk Management and Risk Assessment
Authors: Robinette G. Jeffrey , Marshall Janet S. 
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the work performed by the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC) Integrated Risk Management (IRM) team in implementing the DoD risk management structure1. It also describes the implementation of the Aeronautical Systems Center's Integrated Risk Assessment (IRA) approach.This paper discusses the three parts of an integrated risk assessment: the Technical Assessment, the Schedule Assessment and the Cost Estimate. It covers their interaction and interrelationship and the tools used in accomplishing each of the three parts. The highlights of several different risk assessments performed at ASC are presented to show contrasting implementations of the IRA approach.
Biological effect of food additive titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestine: an in vitro study
Authors: Song Zheng‐Mei , Chen Ni , Liu Jia‐Hui , Tang Huan , Deng Xiaoyong , Xi Wen‐Song , Han Kai , Cao Aoneng , Liu Yuanfang , Wang Haifang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely found in food‐related consumer products. Understanding the effect of TiO2 NPs on the intestinal barrier and absorption is essential and vital for the safety assessment of orally administrated TiO2 NPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity and translocation of two native TiO2 NPs, and these two TiO2 NPs pretreated with the digestion simulation fluid or bovine serum albumin were investigated in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells, differentiated Caco‐2 cells and Caco‐2 monolayer. TiO2 NPs with a concentration less than 200 µg ml–1 did not induce any toxicity in differentiated cells and Caco‐2 monolayer after 24 h exposure. However, TiO2 NPs pretreated with digestion simulation fluids at 200 µg ml–1 inhibited the growth of undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells. Undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells swallowed native TiO2 NPs easily, but not pretreated NPs, implying the protein coating on NPs impeded the cellular uptake. Compared with undifferentiated cells, differentiated ones possessed much lower uptake ability of these TiO2 NPs. Similarly, the traverse of TiO2 NPs through the Caco‐2 monolayer was also negligible. Therefore, we infer the possibility of TiO2 NPs traversing through the intestine of animal or human after oral intake is quite low. This study provides valuable information for the risk assessment of TiO2 NPs in food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish as a model for studying the developmental neurotoxicity of propofol
Authors: Guo Peipei , Huang Zhibin , Tao Tao , Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Yiyue , Lin Chunshui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnesthetics can cause widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration and adverse effects on synaptogenesis during early postnatal life. Synaptogenesis correlates with several proteins, including myelin basic protein (MBP). However, little is known about the adverse effects of exposure to propofol on MBP, particularly during embryonic development. Our goal was to use zebrafish to explore the effect of propofol on embryonic development, apoptosis and MBP expression. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to propofol at defined doses and stages from 6 to 48 h postfertilization by immersion. The survival rate, hatchability, aberration rate, cell apoptosis and gene expression were analyzed at defined stages. Analysis revealed that doses of 1, 2 and 3 µg ml–1 propofol were reasonable anesthetic concentrations for zebrafish embryos. These doses of propofol caused a significant decrease in hatchability and an increase in aberration rate. Moreover, 6 days postfertilization (dpf) larvae are anesthetized by immersion into water containing 1, 2 or 3 µg ml–1 of propofol. The number of apoptotic cells in the head of propofol‐treated 36 h postfertilization embryos were significantly increased, and the expression of caspases‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 were upregulated. Apoptosis was also induced in the brain of 3 dpf larvae exposed to propofol. However, propofol caused a decrease in mbp gene and protein (dose‐dependent) expression levels in the central nervous system of 3 dpf zebrafish. These data show that embryonic exposure to propofol is neurotoxic, causing increased apoptosis and decreased MBP expression. We believe zebrafish can be used as a novel model to explore the mechanisms of propofol neurotoxicity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poetry and Poetic Metaphor in Teaching Leadership and Ethics
Authors: Van Buskirk William , London Michael , Plump Carolyn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne result of the overextended and frenetic academic and managerial environments in which we find ourselves is the tendency to compartmentalize many discussions into rigidified and limiting formats. This is a particular problem with ethical discourse, where ethical concerns often exist in tension with managerial rhetoric. Pressurized command and control approaches, found in both business schools and organizations, often lack the linguistic resources to enable managers to discuss the subtle, ethical dimensions of the situations they face. The current article sketches an approach to this problem through the use of poetic metaphor.