bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Codified and reflexive policy coordination: how successful are Dhaka City’s policies for a successful sustainable passenger transport transition?
Authors: Khatoon Tohmina , Kivimaa Paula , Brisbois Marie Claire , Saadi Shah Abdul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Critical to achieving the global net zero objective, transport transitions require multi-domain policies to coordinate and cohere. Different policy domains involve actors with diverse priorities and perspectives, complicating coordination. Policy coordination is particularly challenging for the Global South governments given their dependence for external financial and technological resources, and weaker institutions. Drawing on transport transition and policy coordination literature, this research studied the low-emission transport policies of Dhaka City, Bangladesh from 2000 to 2021. The study found that policy frameworks and institutional arrangements were established to enable local and global actors (development partners) to coordinate to support transport transitions. The development partners were engaged in mobilizing resources, transferring low-emission transport technologies and local capacity development. However, these policies were focused on politically prioritized supply-side solutions (e.g. metro-rail), without sufficient coherence with land use and housing policies. Also, they did not adequately consider local need-based low-emission transport alternatives such as walking and cycling; unintended policy effects and boundary-spanning challenges. Based on the findings, we propose codified and reflexive policy coordination concepts to describe discrete but mutually reinforcing mechanisms to support effective policy coordination. Codified coordination is enacted by formal policy frameworks and institutional arrangements and reflexive coordination is by formal evaluation of policy interventions. This framework proposes a new approach to examine coordination between multi-domain policies that are required to cohere to advance transport transitions. In practice, it can potentially guide the adoption of coordinated policies to drive transport transitions.
Conflicts of Interest in Municipal Bond Advising and Underwriting
Authors: Garrett Daniel G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When can financial advisor conflicts of interest generate worse outcomes for clients? A regulation following from Dodd-Frank prohibits municipal advisors from simultaneously acting as bond underwriters. Using a difference-in-differences approach and 20,051 bond auctions, I test whether limited advisor privileges affect financial advice and borrower outcomes. Financing costs of bonds with potential dual advisor-underwriters fall by 11.4 basis points after the advisor is no longer allowed to underwrite. The decline follows from increases in standardization, third-party certification, and auction participation, all of which are consistent with limiting the adverse selection that arises from advisors withholding information from the market. (JEL D44, D53, G12, G14, G28, H74)
Subclinical psoriatic arthritis and disease interception—where are we in 2024?
Authors: López-Medina Clementina , McGonagle Dennis , Gossec Laure 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic rheumatic disease that usually appears in patients with skin psoriasis, making it a model for detection of joint disease in the pre-clinical phases in a setting where therapy for cutaneous disease may ameliorate or prevent arthritis development. Such PsA prevention appears credible due to the increasingly recognized closely shared immunopathology between the skin and joints, especially the entheses. Recently, several initiatives have explored the concept of pre-clinical PsA, and nomenclatures have been developed with the recent EULAR nomenclature proposing a simplified three stages from psoriasis to clinical PsA development, namely at risk of PsA, subclinical PsA and early PsA. A better comprehension of early PsA and the identification of individuals predisposed to its development could enable interventions to ‘prevent’ the appearance of PsA. Several recent retrospective observational studies have demonstrated disease interception feasibility, i.e. treatment of people with psoriasis may prevent the appearance of PsA, in particular using biologic disease-modifying drugs. However, further data are urgently required due to unexpected findings in some studies where TNF inhibition for psoriasis does not reduce the rate of PsA development. In this review we address the current challenges in early PsA, including comparisons of pre-PsA nomenclature sets, its risk factors and the potential for disease interception.
Altered Use of Context During Visual Perception in Psychotic Psychopathology: A Neurophysiological Investigation of Tuned and Untuned Suppression During Contrast Perception
Authors: Klein Samuel D , Teich Collin D , Pokorny Victor J , Rawls Eric , Olman Cheryl A , Sponheim Scott R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The human visual system streamlines visual processing by suppressing responses to textures that are similar to their surrounding context. Surround suppression is weaker in individuals with schizophrenia (ISZ); this altered use of visuospatial context may relate to the characteristic visual distortions they experience.

Study Design
To understand atypical surround suppression in psychotic psychopathology, we investigated neurophysiological responses in ISZ, healthy controls (HC), individuals with bipolar disorder (IBP), and first-degree relatives (ISZR/IBPR). Participants performed a contrast judgment task on a circular target with annular surrounds, with concurrent electroencephalography. Orientation-independent (untuned) suppression was estimated from responses to central targets with orthogonal surrounds; the orientation-dependence of suppression was estimated by fitting an exponential function to the increase in suppression as surrounds became more aligned with the center.

Results
ISZ exhibited weakened untuned suppression coupled with enhanced orientation-dependence of suppression. The N1 visual evoked potential was associated with the orientation-dependence of suppression, with ISZ and ISZR (but not IBP or IBPR) showing enhanced orientation-dependence of the N1. Collapsed across orientation conditions, the N1 for ISZ lacked asymmetry toward the right hemisphere; this reduction in N1 asymmetry was associated with reduced untuned suppression, real-world perceptual anomalies, and psychotic psychopathology. The overall amplitude of the N1 was reduced in ISZ and IBP.

Conclusions
Key measures of symptomatology for ISZ are associated with reductions in untuned suppression. Increased sensitivity for ISZ to the relative orientation of suppressive surrounds is reflected in the N1 VEP, which is commonly associated with higher-level visual functions such as allocation of spatial attention or scene segmentation.
Reconsidering the relationship between undisclosed agency and assignment
Authors: Broadway Luke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Siu Yin Kwan v Eastern Insurance, Lord Lloyd addressed the question of whether assignment can appropriately be analogised with undisclosed agency. His Lordship considered it could not. Although scholars have impliedly (and correctly) identified that this is true as regards statutory assignment, there are compelling parallels between undisclosed agency and equitable assignment that merit further attention. This article inquires into the accuracy of Lord Lloyd’s dictum in relation to equitable assignment, seeking to identify a possible model to conceptualise the flow of rights arising between an undisclosed principal and a third party in undisclosed agency relationships.
From Edinburgh to Rome via The Hague: The International Appeal of the Trusts and Succession (Scotland) Act 2024
Authors: Panico Paolo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Scottish legal system is independent of the English one. Two relevant differences are that the system of property rights in Scotland is based on Roman law, and equity is not a separate source of Scots law. Nonetheless, trusts have been known in Scotland since at least the 16th century. The Trusts and Succession (Scotland) Act 2024, which received Royal Assent last January, is an up-to-date piece of legislation that brings Scotland to the forefront of modern trust legislation. Many solutions that have been devised in leading offshore trust jurisdictions (non-charitable purpose trusts, protectors, etc.) are now fully regulated under Scots law.
The Effect of Lead Exposure on Children’s Learning in the Developing World: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Crawfurd Lee , Todd Rory , Hares Susannah , Sandefur Justin , Bonnifield Rachel Silverman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Around half of children in low-income countries have elevated blood-lead levels. What role does lead play in explaining low educational outcomes in these settings? We conduct a new systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on the relationship between lead exposure and learning outcomes. Adjusting for observable confounds and publication bias yields a benchmark estimate of a $-0.12$ standard-deviation reduction in learning per natural log unit of blood lead. As all estimates are non-experimental, we present evidence on the likely magnitude of unobserved confounding, and summarize results from a smaller set of natural experiments. Our benchmark estimate accounts for over a fifth of the gap in learning outcomes between rich and poor countries, and implies moderate learning gains from targeted interventions for highly exposed groups ($\approx$ 0.1 standard deviations) and modest learning gains ($\lt 0.05$ standard deviations) from broader public health campaigns.
Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities in Wheat and Faba Bean Intercropping: Structural and Functional Mechanisms in Response to Stripe Rust Infection
Authors: Mao Lili , Mhaske Pranita , Xiao Jingxiu , Tang Li , Qian Ling , Zheng Yi 
Published: August 2024

Crop microbiome-phyllosphere interactions are vital for intercropping disease control. Although evidence suggests that intercropping enhances nutrient efficiency and recruits beneficial bacteria at the root-soil interface, limited research has explored changes in the phyllosphere microbiome in response to foliar diseases. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate how wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst), affects shoot biomass, total nitrogen, and total potassium content; changes of phyllosphere bacteria; co-occurrence networks; and ecological functions in wheat and faba bean intercropping using 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial characterization revealed that Pst infection altered the phyllosphere bacteria of wheat and faba bean, reducing evenness and richness, shifting community structure with the emergence of new bacteria, and weakening microbial networks under both planting patterns. Compared with monocropping, intercropping displayed bacterial features of an integrated system, fortified wheat community diversity with new bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wheat and Pantoea and Burkholderia in faba bean, and strengthened the bacterial network of wheat in response to Pst infection. Intercropping enhanced nitrogen and carbon cycling in wheat leaves by improving nitrite respiration and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The enriched phyllosphere bacterial structure positively correlated with the crop's performance by balancing shoot biomass, nitrogen, and potassium accumulation between wheat and faba bean upon Pst infection to mitigate the disease index of wheat. Overall, these changes may positively correlate with functions aiding wheat in suppressing wheat stripe rust. The findings provide new insight into understanding how intercropping improves response to pathogen challenge as an effective planting practice. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Monteggia Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Soderlund Torre , Zipperstein Jacob , Athwal Gurbir S. , Hoekzema Nathan 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Monteggia fracture is a complex fracture consisting of a proximal ulna fracture with a dislocation of the radial head. This review article highlights the relevant anatomy, clinical evaluation, classification, surgical management, recent innovation, and advancements with treating these injuries. A thorough understanding of these fractures allows for detailed operative plans and reconstitution of normal anatomy.
Linguistic difference in the effect of organized programs on socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer screening: ecological study in Switzerland
Authors: Buclin Clement P. , von Arx Martina , Jolidon Vladimir , Sandoval José Luis , Buholzer-Mercier Fabienne , Daverio Justine E. , van der Linden Bernadette W.A. , Wanner Philippe , Guessous Idris , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Cullati Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The objective of this study is to examine how the effect of organized mammography screening programs on breast cancer screening participation differ between socioeconomic strata and how this relationship may be modified by the context of linguistic differences. Switzerland, marked by its diverse linguistic landscape, reflects cultural variations alongside differences in public health strategies. The goal of this study was to assess potential socioeconomic differences in regional mammography screening programs effectiveness to improve breast cancer screening participation.

Methods
Data on 14 173 women in the regionally adapted breast cancer screening age range was drawn from five cross-sectional waves of the nationally representative Swiss Health Interview Survey (1997–2017). Socioeconomic indicators included education, household income, and employment status. Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios of up-to-date (last 2 years) mammography uptake. Inequality was assessed using relative index of inequality and the slope index of inequality.

Results
Organized screening programs were generally effective and increased up-to-date mammography uptake by close to 20 percentage points in both regions. While in the Latin cantons, screening programs had no impact on socioeconomic inequalities in screening, it reduced inequalities for women with lower education in the German cantons. This modification effect of screening programs was not seen for income and employment-related inequalities and did not differ across linguistic regions.

Conclusions
Public health agencies should consider the different cultural reception of programs as addressing these differences could help ensure that breast cancer screening initiatives are not only effective, but also culturally equitable across different socioeconomic groups.
Canagliflozin Mediates Mitophagy Through the AMPK/PINK1/Parkin Pathway to Alleviate ISO-induced Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Gong Shaolin , Sui Yuan , Xiao Mengxuan , Fu Daoyao , Xiong Zhiping , Zhang Liuping , Tian Qingshan , Fu Yongnan , Xiong Wenjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Heart failure has always been a prevalent, disabling, and potentially life-threatening disease. For the treatment of heart failure, controlling cardiac remodeling is very important. In recent years, clinical trials have shown that sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors not only excel in lowering glucose levels but also demonstrate favorable cardiovascular protective effects. However, the precise mechanisms behind the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors remain elusive. In this research, we assessed the impact of canagliflozin (CANA, an SGLT-2 inhibitor) on cardiac remodeling progression in mice and preliminarily elucidated the possible mechanism of action of the SGLT-2 inhibitor. Our results indicate that the administration of canagliflozin significantly attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and enhances cardiac ejection function in mice with isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling. Notably, excessive mitophagy, along with mitochondrial structural abnormalities observed in ISO-induced cardiac remodeling, was mitigated by canagliflozin treatment, thereby attenuating cardiac remodeling progression. Furthermore, the differential expression of AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway–related proteins in ISO-induced cardiac remodeling was effectively reversed by canagliflozin, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway with the drug. Thus, our study indicates that canagliflozin holds promise in mitigating cardiac injury, enhancing cardiac function, and potentially exerting cardioprotective effects by modulating mitochondrial function and mitophagy through the AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway.
Fat Grafting for Forehead Contouring in Facial Feminization
Authors: Sluiter Emily C. , Lane Megan , Morrison Shane D. , Kuzon William M. , Gilman Robert H. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
For gender-diverse individuals assigned male at birth, postpubertal estrogen and testosterone-lowering therapies alone are often inadequate to reverse the testosterone-related facial characteristics projecting a male sex identity. Facial feminization surgery significantly improves quality-of-life outcomes for gender-diverse patients by relieving this gender incongruence of the face. Because the shape of the forehead is so radically different between men and women, feminization of this area is critical for many individuals. Several techniques are typically used in combination, including hairline advancement, browlift, burring of the supraorbital rims, frontal bone contouring, and anterior table setback. This report describes the use of fat grafting as an adjuvant technique to forehead contouring as means to avoid frontal bone osteotomy, which carries a higher complication profile and often requires hardware placement.
Myopia and Other Refractive Error and Their Relationships to Glaucoma Screening
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A. , Jonas Shefali B. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
A large disk, a large parapapillary delta zone and a long axial length may be used as screening criteria to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose:
To describe aspects for screening of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in dependence of refractive error, under special consideration of high myopia.

Methods/Results:
Studies on the anatomy of the myopic optic nerve head and results of investigations on the relationship between glaucomatous optic neuropathy and axial myopia were included.

Conclusions:
In the range from hyperopia to moderate myopia, refractive error is not a strong glaucoma risk factor and may not be included in glaucoma screening strategies. Care should be taken, that in moderate myopia, a shift of Bruch´s membrane opening usually into the temporal direction leads to parapapillary gamma zone and a corresponding shortening of the horizontal disk diameter. In these moderately myopic eyes, a secondarily small optic disk with a correspondingly small optic cup should not lead to an overlooking of intrapapillary glaucomatous changes. Prevalence of glaucomatous or glaucoma-like optic nerve atrophy (GOA) steeply increases with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes (cutoff approximately -8 diopters/axial length 26.5 mm), with prevalences higher than 50% in extremely high myopia. Besides longer axial length, morphological parameters associated with GOA in highly myopic eyes are a secondarily enlarged disk and large parapapillary delta zone. Both parameters, together with long axial length, may be used as screening criteria in high myopia for GOA. The latter is characterized by an abnormal neuroretinal rim shape, that is, vessel kinking close to the intrapapillary disk border. Factors associated with nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy are larger gamma zone and longer axial length, potentially due to an axial elongation-related retinal nerve fiber stretching.
Screening of Glaucoma: Consensus and Directions
Authors: Moghimi Sasan , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Glaucoma is a leading public health concern globally. This summary discusses barriers to glaucoma screening and novel strategies for a cost-effective glaucoma screening.

Methods/Results:
We discuss barriers to glaucoma screening and recent advancements in glaucoma detection and care, including targeted screening approach as well as telemedicine, genetic testing, and artificial intelligence (AI). A major barrier to glaucoma screening is the cost-effectiveness of case finding resulting from the low prevalence of the disease and the complexity of the diagnosis. Targeted–screening, as well as multi-level screening, can reduce the false positive rate and increase the cost-effectiveness of the program. Telemedicine, availability of genetic testing and polygenic risk scores, and AI provide the opportunity for novel glaucoma screening programs in primary care, portable, and home-based settings and will be helpful for lowering the costs, identifying patients in need of urgent treatment and enabling timely diagnosis and early intervention.

Conclusions:
Screening of glaucoma is challenging and changing. Recent advancements in digital technology and genetics have led to the development of tools that are promising for novel screening methodologies. Clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the long-term effect of targeted screening on the burden of glaucoma worldwide.
Exploring Perspectives on Stroke Standard Set Data Collection: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: McIntyre Amanda , Fueta Ovesiri , Janzen Shannon , Smith Alexander , Meyer Matthew 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The International Consortium on Health Outcome Measurement developed a standard set for stroke (SSS) that includes patient-reported outcome measures to help capture patients' perspectives on their poststroke recovery. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of individuals who collected SSS data from patients who were admitted to hospital for a stroke. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive approach was taken. Semistructured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted with individuals employed at 2 acute neurological inpatient units in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and written text responses were analyzed directly. Transcripts were coded line by line and then organized into 5 overarching themes: adoption, acceptance, appropriateness, feasibility, and sustainability. RESULTS: Six interviews were conducted with participants from varying roles (eg, nurses, manager, web developer, social worker, medical clerk). Participants reported that patients were receptive to completing the SSS. Follow-up phone calls provided a significant opportunity to monitor patients' recovery postdischarge. Many patients requested medical guidance and help navigating health and social resources for unmet stroke-related needs. Barriers to consistent SSS assessment included high employee turnover and lack of time, space, or capacity for follow-up. To sustain data collection, a dedicated, financially supported neurological nursing role was suggested. CONCLUSION: Participants were supportive of SSS data collection that could provide monitoring, oversight, and follow-up of stroke patients after discharge from acute care. However, the utility of the dataset is heavily dependent on having the data collection process properly resourced.