bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prenatal forced‐swim stress and morphine co‐administration on pentylentetrazol‐induced epileptic behaviors in infant and prepubertal rats
Authors: Ebrahimi Loghman , Saboory Ehsan , Roshan‐Milani Shiva , Hashemi Paria 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPrenatal exposure to stress and morphine has complicated effects on epileptic seizure. Many reports have shown an interaction between morphine‐ and stress‐induced behavioral changes in adult rats. In the present study, effect of prenatal forced‐swim stress and morphine co‐administration on pentylentetrazole (PTZ)‐induced epileptic behaviors was investigated in rat offspring to address effect of the interaction between morphine and stress. Pregnant rats were divided to four groups of control‐saline, control‐morphine, stressed‐saline and stressed‐morphine. In the stressed group, the rats were placed in 25°C water on 17–19 days of pregnancy. In the morphine/saline group, the rats received morphine/saline on the same days. In the morphine/saline‐stressed group, they were exposed to stress and received morphine/saline simultaneously. On postnatal day 15 (P15), blood samples were collected to determine corticosterone (COS) level. On P15 and P25, PTZ was injected to the rest of pups to induce seizure. Then, epileptic behaviors of each rat were individually observed. Latency of tonic–colonic seizures decreased in control‐morphine and stressed‐saline groups while increasing in stressed‐morphine rats compared to control‐saline group on P15. Duration of tonic–colonic seizures significantly increased in control‐morphine and stressed‐saline rats compared to stressed‐morphine and control‐saline rats on P15, but not P25. COS levels increased in stressed‐saline group but decreased in control‐morphine group compared to control‐saline rats. Body weight was significantly higher in morphine groups than saline treated rats. Prenatal exposure to forced‐swim stress potentiated PTZ‐induced seizure in the offspring rats. Co‐administration of morphine attenuated effect of stress on body weight, COS levels, and epileptic behaviors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1179–1186, 2014.
Normative data for female adolescents with eating disorders on the multidimensional anxiety scale for children
Authors: Watson Hunna J. , Hoiles Kimberley J. , Egan Sarah J. , Limburg Karina 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo provide normative data on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) for female adolescents presenting for eating disorder (ED) treatment.MethodThis study is part of the Helping to Outline Paediatric Eating Disorders Project registry (N ∼ 1,000), a prospective ongoing registry study comprising consecutive pediatric tertiary ED referrals. Female adolescents (N = 278; 13–17 years) with EDs completed the MASC at intake.ResultsSummary data including percentiles are given for the MASC total and subscales. MASC scores were higher than community norms as expected and increased with age (p <.001) and an anorexic spectrum diagnosis (p < .001).DiscussionThe norms reported will aid clinicians in the understanding and interpretation of individual MASC scores among female adolescents with EDs and could assist future research to better understand the role of anxiety in the onset and maintenance of EDs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:471–474)
A linear solver based on algebraic multigrid and defect correction for the solution of adjoint RANS equations
Authors: Förster Malte , Pal Anna 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYA new solution approach for discrete adjoint Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations is suggested. The approach is based on a combination of algebraic multigrid and defect correction. The efficient interplay of these two methods results in a fast and robust solution technique. Algebraic multigrid deals very well with unstructured grids, and defect correction completes it in such a way that a required second‐order accuracy of the solution is achieved. The performance of the suggested solution approach is demonstrated on a number of representative benchmarks.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Euro‐Sting Revisited: The Usefulness of Financial Indicators to Obtain Euro Area GDP Forecasts
Authors: Camacho Maximo , Garcia‐Serrador Agustin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper uses an extension of the Euro‐Sting single‐index dynamic factor model to construct short‐term forecasts of quarterly GDP growth for the euro area by accounting for financial variables as leading indicators. From a simulated real‐time exercise, the model is used to investigate the forecasting accuracy across the different phases of the business cycle. Our extension is also used to evaluate the relative forecasting ability of the two most reliable business cycle surveys for the euro area: the PMI and the ESI. We show that the latter produces more accurate GDP forecasts than the former. Finally, the proposed model is also characterized by its great ability to capture the European business cycle, as well as the probabilities of expansion and/or contraction periods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of ultrasound and glucose synergy effect on the optical clearing and light penetration for human colon tissue using SD‐OCT
Authors: Zhao Qingliang , Wei Huajiang , He Yonghong , Ren Qiushi , Zhou Chuanqing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTopical application optical clearing agents (OCAs) can effectively enhance the tissue optical clearing on the human colon tissue, which has been demonstrated in our previous studies. Nevertheless, the strong light scattering still limits the diffusion rate of OCAs and penetration depth of light into the tissue. In this study, in order to further increase the diffusion of the OCA of glucose into tissue, we employ a method to improve the glucose permeability and light penetration with ultrasound (sonophoretic delivery, SP) and glucose (G) synergy on human normal and cancerous colon tissues in vitro, which was measured and quantified with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) technology. To evaluate the effect of ultrasound mediation, the percentages of OCT signal enhancement (PSE) and 1/e light‐penetration depth were calculated for G alone and ultrasound‐G treatments. The PSE was calculated at approximately 313 μm from the sample tissue surface. For normal and cancerous colon tissues the PSE were about 91.1 ± 10.6% and 65.3% ± 12.3% with 30% G/SP, but for the 30% G alone treatment it was about 78.6 ± 11.2% and 54.5% ± 9.3%, respectively. The max value of 1/e light‐penetration depth for normal colon tissue was 0.47 ± 0.02 mm with 30% G alone and 0.60 ± 0.05 mm (p < 0.05)with 30% G/SP synergy. However, for the cancerous colon tissue the max value was 0.45 ± 0.01 mm and 0.57 ± 0.03 mm (p < 0.05), respectively. The obtained permeability coefficients showed a significant enhancement with ultrasound mediation. The mean permeability coefficients of 30% G/SP in normal and cancerous colon tissues were (6.3 ± 0.16) × 10–6 cm/s and (12.1 ± 0.34) × 10–6 cm/s (p < 0.05), respectively. These preliminary experiments showed that ultrasound can effectively enhance the tissue optical clearing and glucose diffusion rate as well as increase the light‐penetration depth into biotissues. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of the anti‐angiogenic drug sunitinib malate on the vascular architecture of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bampi ViníCius Faccin , Gomes Carolina Ferreira , De Oliveira Laura Beatriz Oliveira , Da Silva Jefferson Luis Braga 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of anti‐angiogenic therapies in guiding tumor angioarchitecture prompted us to examine the modifications in the vascular network of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) produced by the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate. Twelve Syrian hamsters had their right buccal pouches submitted to tumor induction with dimethylbenzanthracene and carbamide peroxide for 55 days. The animals were then divided into two groups of six animals each; group I was treated with sunitinib malate and group II (control) was remained untreated. After 4 weeks, the hamsters had their vascular networks casted by Mercox® resin and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The qualitative study of the vascular network of the control tumor‐bearing pouches showed images of intussusception and sprouting angiogenesis, flattened blood vessels, abrupt variations in their diameter, and a tortuous course. The samples treated with sunitinib exhibited a qualitative reduction of the signs of vascular proliferation. In addition, these casts presented an attenuation of the morphological features observed in the untreated tumor‐bearing pouches. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the pouches treated with sunitinib did not show a decrease (P > 0.05) in the vascular diameter and intervessel distances when compared with the control group. The results of the present study suggest that sunitinib may act on the vascular network of oral SCC, normalizing the blood vessels. However, further experiments should be performed in order to determine a judicious dose of this anti‐angiogenic therapy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:250–256, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonadministration of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with HIV: A missed opportunity for prevention?
Authors: Newman Matthew J. , Kraus Peggy S. , Shermock Kenneth M. , Lau Brandyn D. , Haut Elliott R. , Hobson Deborah B. , Streiff Michael B. 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDHospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appear to be at increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Previous work at our institution has demonstrated that the proportion of doses administered varies between patients and locations.OBJECTIVETo compare the proportion of doses of thromboprophylaxis not administered between patients with and without HIV.DESIGNUsing retrospective data, the proportion of nonadministered doses was determined in all hospitalized adults and stratified by HIV status.SETTINGLarge, urban, academic medical center in Baltimore, Maryland.PATIENTSData were available for 4947 patient visits, 583 of which were by patients with HIV. Most visits by patients with HIV were to a designated HIV care unit.MEASUREMENTSProportion of doses of thromboprophylaxis not administered, and documented reasons for dose nonadministration.RESULTSA total of 42,870 doses were prescribed. The proportion of doses not administered was greater for patients with HIV (23.5%) compared with patients without HIV (16.1%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49‐1.70, P < 0.001). Documented dose refusal accounted for a greater proportion of nonadministered doses in patients with HIV (15.9% vs 10.8%, OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.43‐1.70, P < 0.0001). On the HIV care unit, the proportion of doses not administered was greater for patients with HIV (26.4% vs 13.1%, OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.93‐2.96, P < 0.001). Within this unit, documented dose refusal was greater for patients with HIV (13.7% vs 10.7%, OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16‐1.51, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSNonadministration and documented refusal of thromboprophylaxis appear to be more common in patients with HIV at our institution. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:215–220. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Quadrature transmit coil for breast imaging at 7 tesla using forced current excitation for improved homogeneity
Authors: McDougall Mary Preston , Cheshkov Sergey , Rispoli Joseph , Malloy Craig , Dimitrov Ivan , Wright Steven M. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate the use of forced current excitation (FCE) to create homogeneous excitation of the breast at 7 tesla, insensitive to the effects of asymmetries in the electrical environment.Materials and MethodsFCE was implemented on two breast coils: one for quadrature 1H imaging and one for proton‐decoupled 13C spectroscopy. Both were a Helmholtz‐saddle combination, with the saddle tuned to 298 MHz for imaging and 75 MHz for spectroscopy. Bench measurements were acquired to demonstrate the ability to force equal currents on elements in the presence of asymmetric loading to improve homogeneity. Modeling and temperature measurements were conducted per safety protocol. B1 mapping, imaging, and proton‐decoupled 13C spectroscopy were demonstrated in vivo.ResultsUsing FCE to ensure balanced currents on elements enabled straightforward tuning and maintaining of isolation between quadrature elements of the coil. Modeling and bench measurements confirmed homogeneity of the field, which resulted in images with excellent fat suppression and in broadband proton‐decoupled carbon‐13 spectra.ConclusionFCE is a straightforward approach to ensure equal currents on multiple coil elements and a homogeneous excitation field, insensitive to the effects of asymmetries in the electrical environment. This enabled effective breast imaging and proton‐decoupled carbon‐13 spectroscopy at 7T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1165–1173. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Australian radiation therapy – Part two: Reflections of the past, the present, the future
Authors: Merchant Susan , Halkett Georgia , Sale Charlotte 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionDocumentation on the history of Australian radiotherapy is limited. This study provides radiation therapists' (RTs) perspectives of the people, workplace, and work practices in Australian radiotherapy centres from 1960 onwards. It provides a follow‐up to our previous study: Australian radiation therapy: An overview – Part one, which outlines the history and development of radiotherapy from conception until present day.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted on separate occasions in 2010, one in South Australia and three in Victoria, Australia. Participants who worked in radiotherapy were purposively selected to ensure a range of experience, age, and years of work.ResultsFrom a RT perspective, radiotherapy has evolved from a physically demanding ‘hands‐on’ work environment, often with unpleasant sights and smells of disease, to a more technology‐driven workplace.ConclusionUnderstanding these changes and their subsequent effects on the role of Australian RTs will assist future directions in advanced role development.
Antioxidant, oxidative DNA damage protective and antimicrobial activities of the plant Trigonella foenum‐graecum
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Vishwakarma Shri P , Singh Ram L 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe plant Trigonella foenum‐gracecum (TFG) is used as antidiabetic and diuretic. In order to ascertain antioxidant potential of leaf (early and mature) and seed of TFG, total phenolics, free radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, reducing power, lipid peroxidation, ferric thiocyanate assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and DNA damage protective activities were determined. The study was further carried out to assay the antimicrobial activity and HPLC analysis of plant parts.RESULTSEthanol extracts of leaf (early and mature) exhibited a high content of phenolics (54.79 and 41.28 g kg−1 GAE) when it was compared with seed extract (23.85 g kg−1 GAE). Results showed that mature TFG leaf extract had the lowest IC50 for the free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 2.23 mg mL−1), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.71 mg mL−1), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 17.30 mg mL−1) and highest reducing power (10.14 ascorbic acid equivalents mL−1). However, the ethanol seed extract showed the maximum inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the ferric thiocyanate assay. Mature leaf also showed the maximum DNA damage protection activity and higher concentration of phytochemicals.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the mature TFG leaf had a higher antioxidant activity, which may be due to the presence of total phenolics. It may be used in herbal drugs or as a nutritional supplement. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
An eco‐friendly, quick and cost‐effective method for the quantification of acrylamide in cereal‐based baby foods
Authors: Cengiz Mehmet Fatih , Boyacı Gündüz Cennet Pelin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of acrylamide in cereal‐based baby foods is a matter of great concern owing to its possible health effects. Derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is one of the most common methods to quantify acrylamide. However, it requires the use of toxic chemicals and is time‐consuming. The aim of this study was to develop an eco‐friendly, rapid and inexpensive method for the determination of acrylamide in cereal‐based baby foods.RESULTSThe method involves defatting with n‐hexane, extraction into water, precipitation of proteins, bromination, extraction into ethyl acetate and injection into a GC/MS system. The effects of defatting, precipitation, treatment with triethylamine, addition of internal standard and column selection were reviewed. A flow chart for acrylamide analysis was prepared. To evaluate the applicability of the method, 62 different cereal‐based baby foods were analyzed. The levels of acrylamide ranged from not detected (below the limit of detection) to 660 µg kg−1.CONCLUSIONThe method is more eco‐friendly and less expensive because it consumes very little solvent relative to other methods using bromine solutions and ethyl acetate. In addition, sample pre‐treatment requires no solid phase extraction or concentration steps. The method is recommended for the determination of trace acrylamide in complex cereal‐based baby food products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Fate and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coliO157:H7 in repacked soil lysimeters after application of cattle slurry and human urine
Authors: Nyberg Karin A , Ottoson Jakob R , Vinnerås Björn , Albihn Ann 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDUse of cattle slurry as a fertiliser is common practice around the world. Human urine use is not as common, but owing to its fertiliser value this might change in the future. It is essential to minimise the transfer of enteric pathogens through fertilisation, with respect to both animal and public health. Therefore the objective of this research was to study the survival and transport of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in two agricultural soils when applied to soil along with either cattle slurry or human urine over a period of 180 days.RESULTSBoth Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were more rapidly reduced when applied together with human urine than when applied with cattle slurry. However, both pathogens persisted in low amounts at 20 and 50 cm depth in both soils throughout the whole study period. No Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the leachate over the 180 day study.CONCLUSIONThe risk of disease transmission is higher when cattle slurry is used as fertiliser compared with human urine. However, the risk of groundwater infiltration would be low as long as water velocity through the soil is moderate. Increased knowledge of pathogen persistence in soil after fertiliser application is a valuable tool for improving risk evaluations and formulating guidelines for the use of cattle and/or human wastes in cropping soils. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of cell proliferation markers and p53 mutation status on prognosis of non‐metastatic colon cancer
Authors: Demir Lutfiye , Ekinci Nese , Erten Cigdem , Somali Isil , Can Alper , Dirican Ahmet , Cokmert Suna , Bayoglu Vedat , Akyol Murat , Kucukzeybek Yuksel , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Tarhan Mustafa Oktay 
Published: January 2014

Background and ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of cell cycle proteins and p53 together with clinicopathologic features in non‐metastatic resected colon cancer.MethodsOne hundred nine patients who were diagnosed with resected colon cancer between 2006 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining analyses were used to evaluate the expression of cyclins D1 and A, p53 and Ki‐67 in tumor tissue.ResultsHigh cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression was more common in stage II than stage III tumors. Disease recurrence was more frequent in tumors with low cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.05). No significant association was observed between p53, Ki‐67 or cyclin A expression and the risk of relapse and/or death. Multivariate analysis showed that the strongest predictor for a shorter disease‐free survival period was extracapsular nodal invasion (ECNI).ConclusionsWe were not able to establish a strong association between patient prognosis and cyclins D1 and A, p53 or Ki‐67 expression. However, a negative correlation between cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression and disease stage as well as more frequent relapses in patients with low expression of cyclin D1 suggested that cyclins may be predictive for early relapse in non‐metastatic colon cancer. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:665–675. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines in the use of radiation therapy for extremity and superficial trunk soft tissue sarcoma in the United States
Authors: Bagaria Sanjay P. , Ashman Jonathan B. , Daugherty Larry C. , Gray Richard J. , Wasif Nabil 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundWe sought to examine adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for use of radiation therapy (RT) in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the United States.MethodsThe surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cancer registry was queried to identify patients undergoing surgery for truncal and extremity STS from 2004 to 2009.ResultsOf 5,075 patients, 50% received RT. Although routine RT is not recommended for Stage I patients, 25% still underwent RT. Even though routine RT is recommended for Stage II and III tumors, only 60% underwent RT. On multivariate analysis predictors of RT included age <50 years (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.28–1.91), malignant fibrous histiocytoma histology (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.3–1.92), T2 classification (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.60–2.20), and G3 (OR 6.27, 95% CI 5.10–7.72). Patients with Stage III STS who received RT showed improved disease specific survival at 5 years compared to those who did not, 68% versus 46%, P <0.001.ConclusionsUnderuse of RT is seen for a significant proportion of patients undergoing treatment for STS in the United States. More effort needs to be directed towards compliance with appropriate treatment recommendations, perhaps by regionalizing sarcoma care or remote multidisciplinary tumor boards. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:633–638. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.