bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar patch antenna with 100‐μm slit for size reduction and dual‐band applications
Authors: Bordoloi Anup Kr. , Borah Pranjal , Bhattacharyya Satyajib , Bhattacharyya Nidhi S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPlanar patch antenna with a 100‐µm slit parallel to radiating edge is designed resulting in significant size reduction of 76% and dual‐frequency operation. Tuning in the frequency range of 2.33–2.78 GHz is achieved for the lower operating frequency by introducing partial slit of varying lengths with comparable size reduction. The upper resonant frequency is higher than the resonant frequency of the simple patch by about 15–20% which is also tunable in the frequency range of 4.9–5.11 GHz, albeit not independently of the lower frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1725–1726, 2014
Erratum: Frequency selective surface with switchable polarization
Authors: Du Guohong , Yu Chengyang , Liu Changjun 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel frequency selective surface (FSS) with switchable polarization, which is realized using the improved cross slots with embedded strips and isolated island structure. The transmission characteristics of FSS unit cell for both horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are simulated with CST. And a FSS made of an array of 20 X 20 cells is implemented on the substrate Rogers RO4003. The experiment results show that the proposed FSS can obtain polarization switching through short and open circuits for X‐band application. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:515–518, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.28123. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1729, 2014
1H NMR based metabolic profiling in Crohn's disease by random forest methodology
Authors: Fathi Fariba , Majari‐Kasmaee Laleh , Mani‐Varnosfaderani Ahmad , Kyani Anahita , Rostami‐Nejad Mohammad , Sohrabzadeh Kaveh , Naderi Nosratollah , Zali Mohammad Reza , Rezaei‐Tavirani Mostafa , Tafazzoli Mohsen , Arefi‐Oskouie Afsaneh 
Published: April 2014

The present study was designed to search for metabolic biomarkers and their correlation with serum zinc in Crohn's disease patients. Crohn's disease (CD) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and can be difficult to diagnose using the clinical tests. Thus, introduction of a novel diagnostic method would be a major step towards CD treatment.Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) was employed for metabolic profiling to find out which metabolites in the serum have meaningful significance in the diagnosis of CD. CD and healthy subjects were correctly classified using random forest methodology. The classification model for the external test set showed a 94% correct classification of CD and healthy subjects. The present study suggests Valine and Isoleucine as differentiating metabolites for CD diagnosis. These metabolites can be used for screening of risky samples at the early stages of CD diagnoses.Moreover, a robust random forest regression model with good prediction outcomes was developed for correlating serum zinc level and metabolite concentrations. The regression model showed the correlation (R2) and root mean square error values of 0.83 and 6.44, respectively. This model suggests valuable clues for understanding the mechanism of zinc deficiency in CD patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron spin resonance (ESR/EPR) of free radicals observed in human red hair: a new, simple empirical method of determination of pheomelanin/eumelanin ratio in hair
Authors: Chikvaidze Eduard N. , Partskhaladze Tamar M. , Gogoladze Temur V. 
Published: April 2014

The definition of the concentration of pheomelanin in the skin is an issue of great interest because in the case of being influenced by UV radiation, it manifests itself as a prooxidant, causing various skin disorders including melanoma that might help to explain the relatively high incidence of skin cancer among individuals with red hair.The ESR spectra of red hair samples were investigated. It was found that at low microwave power, they are characterized by two types of spectra. Red hair ESR signals result from a superposition of two spectral shapes, a singlet spectrum as a result of the existence of eumelanin and a triplet spectrum as a result of the existence of pheomelanin. At high microwave power, only triplet spectra shape was detected, caused by saturation of the eumelanin singlet. Using different concentration ratios of black to red hair, we measured ESR spectra and plotted the ratio values in each sample against a measured ‘g‐factor’ (experimental). We found that there is a linear relationship between these two parameters. So, it is evident that using these results, the concentration ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin in a sample of hair can be easily determined by an almost noninvasive method. This can be considered a potential advantage for many practical activities compared with other invasive methods. The concentration dependence curve of pheomelanin (µg/mg) on gexp‐factor in an ESR spectrum of hair has been designed, which allows the determination of the amount of pheomelanin in hair of any color. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sigmoidal Maximal Effect Modeling of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration and Annual Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease Events in Secondary Prevention Trials
Authors: Charland Scott L. , Stanek Eric J. 
Published: April 2014

Study ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentration and the annual incidence of combined coronary heart disease (CHD) events—death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (NFMI)—by using sigmoidal maximal effect (sEmax) modeling of published data in various populations at risk for CHD events, and to use the best performing sEmax model generated to calculate the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a single CHD death or NFMI event across a range of LDL‐C concentrations.DesignLiterature‐based modeling analysis.PatientsA total of 95,955 patients from 22 published cardiovascular secondary prevention trials.Measurements and Main ResultsFour distinct sEmax models were created based on intervention approach and CHD event risk for each trial population. Model outputs included the following: Emax (maximum CHD death/NFMI rate), E0 (minimum CHD death/NFMI rate), and fit parameters. The best‐fitting sEmax model was compared with linear, log‐linear, and logit models, and it was used for calculation of annualized NNT to prevent one CHD death or NFMI event with statins. The best fitting sEmax model was constructed from nine statin intervention trials in 60,483 clinically stable patients with CHD or CHD risk equivalents (Emax = 4.84%/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.11–5.41%/year], E0 = 1.24%/year [95% CI 0.64–1.83%/year]) and was superior to linear, log‐linear, and logit models. Reduction of CHD death/NFMI incidence diminished at an LDL‐C level near 90 mg/dl and became near static at an LDL‐C level of 60–70 mg/dl. Annual NNT for LDL‐C reduction from a baseline of 130–100 mg/dl, 90, and 70 mg/dl was 129, 104, and 83, respectively, and from a baseline of 100–70 mg/dl was 232.ConclusionAn sEmax model fully characterized the relationship between LDL‐C concentration and incidence of CHD death or NFMI in a high‐risk population receiving statins, with diminishing event reduction at an LDL‐C level less than 90 mg/dl, and limited projected event reduction beyond an LDL‐C level of ~60–70 mg/dl. As baseline LDL‐C level declines, the NNT sharply increases.
Minimum Qualifications for Clinical Pharmacy Practice Faculty
Authors: American College of Clinical Pharmacy   , Engle Janet P. , Erstad Brian L. , Anderson Douglas C. , Bucklin Mason H. , Chan Alexandre , Donaldson Amy R. , Hagemann Tracy M. , O'Connell Mary Beth , Rodgers Philip T. , Tennant Sarah , Thomas Zachariah 
Published: April 2014

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2013 Educational Affairs Committee was charged with developing recommendations for the minimum qualifications required for clinical pharmacy practice faculty in United States colleges and schools of pharmacy with respect to education, postgraduate training, board certification, and other experiences. From a review of the literature, the committee recommends that clinical pharmacy practice faculty possess the following minimum qualifications, noting that, for some positions, additional qualifications may be necessary. Clinical pharmacy practice faculty should possess the Doctor of Pharmacy degree from an Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education–accredited institution. In addition, faculty should have completed a postgraduate year one (PGY1) residency or possess at least 3 years of direct patient care experience. Faculty who practice in identified areas of pharmacotherapy specialization, as identified by American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists postgraduate year two (PGY2) residency guidelines, should have completed aPGY2 residency in that area of specialty practice. Alternatively, faculty should have completed a minimum of aPGY1 residency and 1 additional year of practice, with at least 50% of time spent in their area of specialization, which is documented in a portfolio, or 4 years of direct patient care in their area of specialization, which is documented in a portfolio. Fellowship training or a graduate degree (e.g.,Ph.D.) should be required for research‐intensive clinical faculty positions. All faculty should obtain structured teaching experience during or after postgraduate training, preferably through a formal teaching certificate program or through activities documented in a teaching portfolio. A baseline record of scholarship should be obtained before hire as clinical pharmacy practice faculty through exposure in postgraduate programs or previous employment. Faculty should be board certified before hire or attain board certification within 2 years of hire through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) or, if appropriate for the practice area, through a nonBPS‐certifying agency. If no certification exists in the area of specialty, the faculty member should develop a portfolio with evidence of excellence in clinical practice, teaching, and scholarship.
Overweight and obesity in patients with cystic fibrosis: A center‐based analysis
Authors: Hanna Reem M. , Weiner Daniel J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveCystic fibrosis (CF) has long been associated with malnutrition. However, due to early diagnosis, nutritional supplements, and increased prevalence of obesity in the general population, overweight, and obesity in the CF patient population is becoming a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in patients with CF seen at our center, to analyze factors associated with nutritional status, to evaluate the relation between nutritional status and lung function, and to document any adverse health outcomes.MethodsThe CF Patient Registry was queried for patients aged 2–18 who were seen at our center between June 2011 and June 2012. Nutritional statuses of patients were classified in accordance with the CF Foundation guidelines. Analysis of variance was utilized to analyze the differences in lung function between the five weight status groups.ResultsOf the 226 patients with CF aged 2–18 years, 129 (57%) had a BMI percentile consistent with a healthy weight status, 16 (7%) were in nutritional failure, 28 (12%) were at risk of nutritional failure, 35 (15%) were overweight, and 18 (8%) were obese. Based on fecal elastase levels, 50% of the overweight patients and 20% of the obese patients were pancreatic insufficient. FEV1 % predicted was lowest in patients with nutritional failure (P = 0.005). No significant differences were noted between the other four weight groups. In our obese and overweight population, three patients have impaired glucose tolerance, one has CF‐related diabetes (CFRD) with fasting hyperglycemia, three have hypertension, and one has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).ConclusionsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in our CF center is noteworthy, and a significant number of the patients were pancreatic insufficient. In our patient population, overweight, and obesity were not associated with further improvement of lung function. Nutritional approaches need to address the adverse outcomes of overweight and obesity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:35–41. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forecasting Scottish Migration in the Context of the 2014 Constitutional Change Debate
Authors: Wiśniowski Arkadiusz , Bijak Jakub , Shang Han Lin 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMigration to and from Scotland might be affected by the outcome of the 2014 Scottish referendum on the constitutional future of the United Kingdom. This potential change in migration has not been thoroughly analysed to date. The aim of this paper is thus to present a set of predictions of the possible effects of Scottish independence on internal and international migration. In particular, different sources of uncertainty of future migration flows are examined. The presented forecasts are based on the available historical data on migration flows, as well as on the opinions of a panel of experts on future migration trends. Bayesian statistical inference is used to combine different sources of uncertainty in a coherent manner. The results indicate that there is substantial uncertainty about future migration to and from Scotland, which increases with the forecast horizon. The most uncertain flow is international immigration to Scotland. Emigration from Scotland is more likely than not to increase in the near future, whereas migration between Scotland and the rest of the UK is expected to remain at similar levels to the present, irrespective of the outcome of the 2014 independence referendum. © 2014 The Authors. Population, Space and Place Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Metal‐oxide sites for facile methane dissociation
Authors: Trinchero Adriana , Hellman Anders , Grönbeck Henrik 
Published: April 2014

Abstractmagnified imageExperimental and theoretical studies have lately revealed that under‐coordinated Pd‐sites in the PdO(101) surface act as efficient centers for methane dissociation. Here, the density functional theory is used to explore the underlying reason for the low activation energy by systematically investigating a range of hypothetical metal‐oxides in the PdO structure. Low activation energies are calculated for metal‐oxides where the initial state is stabilized via reduced Pauli repulsion between the methane molecule and the site of dissociation. The low activation energy is found to be an atomic property and facile methane dissociation is predicted for single Pd atoms with appropriate ligands. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linear models‐based LPV modelling and control for wind turbines
Authors: Díaz de Corcuera A. , Pujana‐Arrese A. , Ezquerra J. M. , Milo A. , Landaluze J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe non‐linear behaviour of wind turbines demands control strategies that guarantee the robustness of the closed‐loop system. Linear parameter‐varying (LPV) controllers adapt their dynamics to the system operating points, and the robustness of the closed loop is guaranteed in the controller design process. An LPV collective pitch controller has been developed within this work to regulate the generator speed in the above rated power production control zone. The performance of this LPV controller has been compared with two baseline control strategies previously designed, on the basis of classical gain scheduling methods and linear time‐invariant robust H∞ controllers. The synthesis of the LPV controller is based on the solution of a linear matrix inequalities system, proposed in a mixed‐sensitivity control scenario where not only weight functions are used but also an LPV model of the wind turbine is necessary. As a contribution, the LPV model used is derived from a family of linear models extracted from the linearization process of the wind turbine non‐linear model. The offshore wind turbine of 5 MW defined in the Upwind European project is the used reference non‐linear model, and it has been modelled using the GH Bladed 4.0 software package. The designed LPV controller has been validated in GH Bladed, and an exhaustive analysis has been carried out to calculate fatigue load reductions on wind turbine components, as well as to analyse the load mitigation in some extreme cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disclosure of Adverse Events and Errors in Surgical Care: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Lipira Lauren E. , Gallagher Thomas H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe disclosure of adverse events to patients, including those caused by medical errors, is a critical part of patient‐centered healthcare and a fundamental component of patient safety and quality improvement. Disclosure benefits patients, providers, and healthcare institutions. However, the act of disclosure can be difficult for physicians. Surgeons struggle with disclosure in unique ways compared with other specialties, and disclosure in the surgical setting has specific challenges. The frequency of surgical adverse events along with a dysfunctional tort system, the team structure of surgical staff, and obstacles created inadvertently by existing surgical patient safety initiatives may contribute to an environment not conducive to disclosure. Fortunately, there are multiple strategies to address these barriers. Participation in communication and resolution programs, integration of Just Culture principles, surgical team disclosure planning, refinement of informed consent and morbidity and mortality processes, surgery‐specific professional standards, and understanding the complexities of disclosing other clinicians’ errors all have the potential to help surgeons provide patients with complete, satisfactory disclosures. Improvement in the regularity and quality of disclosures after surgical adverse events and errors will be key as the field of patient safety continues to advance.
pH-Dependent accumulation of anticancer compound on mycelia in fermentation of marine fungus
Authors: Zhou Weiqiang , Cai Menghao , Na Ke , Shen Chu , Zhang Xiaoxu , Zhou Xiangshan , Zhao Wenjie , Zhang Yuanxing 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The real-time distribution of anticancer 1403C in fermentation broth of marine fungus Halorosellinia sp. was investigated. It was closely related with pH variations, which was, 1403C in the supernatant decreased while that in the mycelia increased with pH rising. There was only 0.5 % of the total 1403C left in the supernatant when pH reached 7.0. The scanning electron microscope then provided information that compounds precipitated on the mycelia when pH rose. Then, the pH-regulation experiments proved that 1403C mainly secreted extracellular and easily dissolved in acidic condition but precipitated and absorbed on the mycelia with the increase of broth pH. Thereby, a pH-regulation strategy was proposed and applied to accumulate 1403C on the mycelia before draw-off of fermentation broth. It significantly simplified purification process and is critical for 1403C preparation of industrial scale.
The Evolution of Cancer Risk Assessment in the Era of Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Fecteau Heather , Vogel Kristen J. , Hanson Kristen , Morrill‐Cornelius Shannon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCancer genetics professionals face a new opportunity and challenge in adapting to the availability of cancer genetic testing panels, now available as a result of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. While cancer panels have been available for over a year, we believe that there is not yet enough data to create practice guidelines. Despite this, a year of experience allows us to provide our opinion on points to consider as cancer genetic counselors incorporate this testing technology into genetic counseling practice models. NGS technology offers the ability to potentially diagnose hereditary cancer syndromes more efficiently by testing many genes at once for a fraction of what it would cost to test each gene individually. However, there are limitations and additional risks to consider with these tests. Obtaining informed consent for concurrent testing of multiple genes requires that genetics professionals modify their discussions with patients regarding the potential cancer risks and the associated implications to medical management. We propose dividing the genes on each panel into categories that vary by degree of cancer risk (e.g. penetrance of the syndrome) and availability of management guidelines, with the aim to improve patient understanding of the range of information that can come from this testing. The increased risk for identifying variants of uncertain significance (VUS) when testing many genes at once must be discussed with patients. Pretest genetic counseling must also include the possibility to receive unexpected results as well as the potential to receive a result in the absence of related medical management guidelines. It is also important to consider whether a single gene test remains the best testing option for some patients. As panels expand, it is important that documentation reflects exactly which genes have been analyzed for each patient. While this technology holds the promise of more efficient diagnosis for many of our patients, it also comes with new challenges that we must recognize and address.
Comparison of the efficacy of esomeprazole and famotidine against stress ulcers in a neurosurgical intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Hsi , Hung Fang‐Ming , Yang Lin‐Hsue 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundTo compare the efficacy of esomeprazole and famotidine against stress ulcers and the association of these prophylactic agents with ventilator‐associated pneumonia in patients admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU).Patients and MethodsSixty patients were randomly allocated into two groups (the esomeprazole and famotidine groups; n = 30 each) to receive prophylaxis medication for 7 days within 24 hours of admission in a neurosurgical ICU. Patients in the esomeprazole group received esomeprazole (40 mg) dissolved in water once a day through a nasogastric tube, whereas patients in the famotidine group received an intravenous infusion of famotidine (20 mg) every 12 hours. We then compared the occurrence of overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ventilator‐associated pneumonia between these two groups.ResultsOne patient in the famotidine group had overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding (3.3%), whereas the bleeding was not observed in patients in the esomeprazole group. Ventilator‐associated pneumonia occurred in one patient (3.3%) from each group. One patient died within 30 days (3.3%) in the esomeprazole group and three patients (10%) died in the famotidine group. There was no difference in the occurrence of overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 1.000), ventilator‐associated pneumonia (p = 1.000), and 30‐day mortality (p = 0.612) between these two groups.ConclusionIn this small‐scale study, the effect of administration of esomeprazole through a nasogastric tube on stress ulcer was similar to that of intravenous famotidine infusion in neurosurgical ICU patients. In addition, the association between prevalence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia and administration of esomeprazole was also similar to that observed with famotidine infusion.