bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shariah compliance fatigue and earnings quality: evidence from MENA
Authors: Satt Harit , Iatridis George 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis research aims to examine the relations between Shariah compliance and earnings quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors study three Shariah features: Shariah compliance status, level of Shariah compliance (H-Score) and Shariah compliance persistence. The sample consists of 463 firms from the Middle East and North Africa from 2011 to 2018. A variable determining the level of Shariah compliance was created in accordance with the methodology of S&P 500 Shariah and its underlying index, S&P 500. Then, a probate relapse study was created to identify the link between Shariah compliance and earnings quality.FindingsResults show that Shariah-compliant firms engage in lower earnings management compared to their Shariah-non-compliant counterparts. This paper reveals that Shariah compliance status and high level of Shariah compliance have significant positive association with earnings quality. The authors also find novel evidence that persistence of the Shariah-compliant status has a significant negative association with earnings quality.Practical implicationsThis study only examines firms listed on MENA stock markets. It is recommended to further study different markets in addition to the emerging Arab markets in order to compare and contrast the results. Further, larger sample observations from a greater date range can be used.Originality/valueFew studies have examined the earnings management behavior of Shariah-compliant firms vs Shariah-non-compliant ones in emerging markets; however, no study has focused on Shariah-compliant firms and their level of Shariah compliance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which uses all four proxies for earnings quality in association with Shariah compliance and used new Shariah variables such as Level of Shariah Compliance and Persistent Shariah Compliance status.
Harnessing the power of nature exposure to mitigate adolescents' Internet addiction: A chain mediation model
Authors: Wang Bochen , Zhao Baobao , Han Cijie , Tang Yuhan , Jin Cancan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have focused more on the facilitating effect of nature exposure on positive behavioural consequences. However, less attention has been paid to whether nature exposure can inhibit internalized problem behaviours, such as Internet addiction. Within the framework of the stimuli‐organism‐response theory, the present study examined the relationship between nature exposure and Internet addiction and investigated the mediating roles of anthropomorphism of nature and awe. In China, we recruited 1469 adolescents (mean age = 13.90 years old, SD = 0.59, 53.2% girls). Mediation analyses indicated that awe partially mediated the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. The anthropomorphism of nature and awe served as sequential mediating roles in the relationship between nature exposure and adolescents' Internet addiction. This study provides a nature‐based perspective on the prevention and intervention of adolescents' Internet addiction.
Solvatochromic, computational chemical and E/Z geometrical isomerism studies on some aryl‐hydrazones synthesised by reacting of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one
Authors: Moradi Rufchahi Enayatollah , Mirsadeghi Fatemeh Ashuri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA series of 3‐(2‐aryl‐hydrazone)‐quinolin‐2,4‐diones were synthesised by the reaction of aryldiazonium chlorides with 6‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one dissolved in water containing equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide. All the reactions were carried out at 0–5°C and the corresponding hydrazones were obtained in satisfactory yields and purified easily by recrystallisation from hot dimethylformamide. According to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) results, there are two kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these synthesised aryl‐hydrazones which enables the compounds to be rotated about the hydrazone C=N bond and through that leads to a reversible isomerisation between their E and Z configurations. The isomers populations and the rotation phenomenon can be controlled by changing the polarity of the solvents. The E/Z ratio of each synthesised compound was studied in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‐d6) and, if soluble in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and compared. The results reveal that a decrease in solvent polarity (upon changing the solvent from DMSO‐d6 to CDCl3) shifts the isomeric balance to Z‐geometrical form and substantially increase the E/Z ratio. A density functional theory (DFT) analysis regarding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), HOMO −1, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and LUMO +1 has been conducted and discussed. The results obtained from DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, demonstrated that the hydrazone tautomeric forms are more stable with the lowest total energy and showed a good agreement with the experimental findings in both gas and solution states. As it is expectable, DFT calculation in CDCl3 and DMSO‐d6 indicate that the dipole moments of the Z configurations are significantly higher than those of the E structures.
Featured Cover
Authors: Xu Changling , Zhang Liyan , Zhou Yinyi , Du Haoliang , Qi Jieyu , Tan Fangzhi , Peng Li , Gu Xingliang , Li Nianci , Sun Qiuhan , Zhang Ziyu , Lu Yicheng , Qian Xiaoyun , Tong Busheng , Sun Jiaqiang , Chai Renjie , Shi Yi 
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article Pcolce2 overexpression promotes supporting cell reprogramming in the neonatal mouse cochlea by Changling Xu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13633.
image
Computed tomographic observations of short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Vos Jannick R. , Smith Matthew R. W. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundShort incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx are common injuries described in racehorses and also horses not used for racing. Computed tomographic (CT) features have been described in horses not used for racing, but not in a racehorse population.ObjectivesTo describe CT features of short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in a group of Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsCT images of 59 Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with 60 short incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx examined between January 2014 and February 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Horse signalment and clinical features were retrieved from hospital records.Results50/60 fractures were dorsally biased unicortical fractures. Mean proximodistal fracture extension in forelimbs (13.6 mm ± 3.4) was less than in hindlimbs (17.4 mm ± 4.4) (p = 0.0019). There was no difference in fracture extension in the proximodistal direction according to age or gender. Fractures in 2‐year‐olds were shorter in dorsopalmar/−plantar direction (17.4 mm ± 6.3) than in 3‐year‐olds and older horses (21.7 mm ± 7.4) (p = 0.015). Periosteal new bone was present in 91.2% of fractures and endosteal new bone in 75%.Main limitationsConclusions from this study can only confidently be applied to similar populations of racing Thoroughbred horses.ConclusionShort incomplete parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in Thoroughbred racehorses most commonly involve only the dorsal cortex and adjacent subchondral and cancellous bone. The distribution of fracture configurations differs from that described in horses not used for racing.
Owner‐reported health and disease in U.S. senior horses
Authors: Herbst Alisa C. , Coleman Michelle C. , Macon Erica L. , Harris Patricia A. , Adams Amanda A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInformation on health care and health status of U.S. senior horses (≥15 years of age) is currently sparse.Objectives(A) Provide an overview of owner‐reported (1) medical conditions, (2) management/treatment practices for equine metabolic syndrome and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), (3) frequencies of routine health care practices and (4) supplement and pharmaceutical use in U.S. senior horses (≥15 years of age). (B) Evaluate potential risk factors for certain medical conditions and for low routine health care.Study designOnline survey.MethodsDescriptive and inferential analysis (binomial logistic regression and ANOVA) of 2717 questionnaires from owners of U.S. senior horses.ResultsThe most common owner‐reported veterinary‐diagnosed medical conditions were osteoarthritis (30%), dental disorders (15%), lameness (14%), PPID (12%) and ocular disorders (6%). Advancing age was found to be a risk factor for PPID (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.14 [1.10–1.18]), dental (OR [95% CI] = 1.18 [1.15–1.22]) and ocular (OR [95% CI] = 1.05 [1.01–1.10]) disorders. Only 36% of horses were free of owner‐reported veterinary‐diagnosed medical conditions at the time of the survey. During the year prior to the survey, most routine healthcare practices (i.e., veterinary health care, dental care and anthelmintic treatment) were typically undertaken one to two times per year, while farrier visits occurred mostly every 5–6 weeks. Retired senior horses had a higher risk of no health care visits (OR [95% CI] = 2.1 [1.38–3.06]), no dental care (OR [95% CI] = 2.0 [1.31–3.00]) and low farrier attendance (i.e., ≤4 times/year) (OR [95% CI] = 2.4 [1.57–3.63]) compared with senior horses used for pleasure riding. The most frequently administered drug was firocoxib (18%) and joint supplements were the most provided supplements (41%).Main limitationsPotential recall, response and sampling bias. Risk factor analyses do not establish causal relationships.ConclusionsMedical conditions are highly prevalent in U.S. senior horses. Retired senior horses have an increased risk of low routine health care.
Social networks as double‐edged swords: Understanding the impact of relational positivity and negativity on Hungarian migrants' return experiences
Authors: Hoór Dorottya , Bellotti Elisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper examines how relational positivity and negativity within personal networks shape the return experiences of Hungarian migrants. Previous studies have hinted at the potential ‘dark side’ to personal networks for returnees, but no research has explored how different types of positive and negative ties impact return experiences. To address this gap, the study collected personal network data from 69 returning migrants in Hungary and analysed the effects of social support, relational negativity, and ambivalence on their self‐evaluated return experience score. The findings reveal that migrants' return experiences are significantly influenced by both relational positivity and negativity, affected by factors such as relational context, emotional closeness, geographical location, and social status. Particularly, relationships with family members and romantic partners are susceptible to relational negativity, which can adversely affect return experiences.
Inflation target adjustments: Does an improvement in institutional or economic preconditions matter?
Authors: Cho Dooyeon , Kim Husang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how the commitment to maintain an established inflation target as opposed to changing it depends on the extent to which institutional or economic preconditions improve in a country. For 19 inflation‐targeting countries, we show that stronger operational commitment to the preannounced target is pronounced in countries with a greater improvement in institutional or economic preconditions, such as central bank independence, inflation, government indebtedness, financial development and central bank credibility. Our results also highlight the heterogeneous contingencies for the discretionary behaviour of adjusting the target, including the gradual disinflation phase, fiscal dominance and the transition to flexible targeting.
A guide to conducting intersectional phenomenological research in family science
Authors: Keenoy Jaclyn Elisa , Paldi Romi , Perry Yasmine , Screven Melissa , van Eeden‐Moorefield Brad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn increasing number of scholars suggest the need to enhance the incorporation of diversity and social justice across all areas of family science. Part of this work has seen family science more strongly and explicitly incorporate intersectional theorizing to problematize individual biases and power positions, generally, and of researchers and participants, more specifically. More work is needed to connect theory, method, and methodology to advance the call of scholars. Here, we attend to this call by providing methodological considerations for conducting intersectional phenomenological research in family science. We begin with an overview of phenomenology, including its philosophical and methodological foundations and variations. We then introduce the history of intersectionality, followed by critical methodological considerations for intersectional phenomenological research in family science. This integration of intersectionality and phenomenological research centers the lived experiences of individuals and families with historically marginalized identities while attending to power dynamics often part of scholarship.
Classification of cotton crop disease using hybrid model and MDFC feature extraction method
Authors: Nimbhore Padma P. , Tiwari Ritu , Hazra Tanmoy , Yadav Mahendra Pratap 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel Modified Deep Fuzzy Clustering (MDFC) based classification model involves four major phases. They are preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and finally, detection and classification phase. To reduce noise and smooth the edges of the input image of the cotton crop, bilateral filtering is first used as a preprocessing approach. Next, a modified deep fuzzy clustering is suggested for the segmentation procedure that creates a collection of segments from the preprocessed image. The segmented image is then processed to extract relevant characteristics by using an enhanced Pyramid of Histogram Orientation Gradient (PHOG), Local Directional Ternary Pattern (LDTP), and statistical‐based features. In order to detect and classify cotton crop diseases more effectively, this paper proposes a hybrid system. Here, the features are put through a detection phase, after which the extracted features are trained in the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi‐GRU) model to determine whether or not the cotton crop is infected. Once it is detected to be diseased, the type of disease is classified via an improved Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In terms of several performance metrics, the proposed model is validated in comparison with the traditional approaches. The MDFC‐based classification model outperforms existing models with a specificity of 0.9687 at a learning rate of 90. In contrast, other models achieve lower specificities: Bi‐GRU (0.8436), RNN (0.8359), CNN (0.8654), LSTM (0.8769), SVM (0.7983), VGG16 (0.8619), DCNN (0.8725), BI‐RNN + BI‐LSTM (0.7869), and NN + CNN (0.85478).
Genomic differentiation and gene flow among Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions
Authors: Liu Ning , Wu Xin‐Lai , Zhang Ruo‐Bing , Wang Jin , Yang Qi‐Sen , Cheng Ji‐Long , Wen Zhi‐Xin , Xia Lin , Abramov Alexei V. , Ge De‐Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe wild rats in the genus Rattus represent a group of murids characterized by rapid lineage diversification but limited morphological variation. Within this genus, there are several commensal species with high invasive capacity, such as Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, which pose a global threat. Investigating the mechanisms behind their adaptive evolution is of utmost importance. In this study, we conducted morphological study and whole‐genome sequencing on Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions to gain insights into morphological differentiation, as well as genomic divergence and gene flow using assembled mitochondrion genome and high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite their morphological similarity and large overlap in morphospace, our analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation at the genomic level among Rattus species in China and adjacent regions. Specifically, intraspecific differentiation was observed in R. nitidus, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi, which may be related to habitat heterogeneity and geographic isolation. We hypothesize that as invasive rats expand their habitat, the diversification of ecological environments might lead to more environmentally adapted evolution and accelerated genetic differentiation. Furthermore, Dsuite and TreeMix analyses detected substantial introgression among different Rattus species, particularly evident between R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi. Strong gene flow signals suggest frequent hybridization events among these species, which may facilitate the acquisition of new environmental adaptability during their expansion into new territories. This study provides a preliminary analysis that serves as a foundation for a more comprehensive investigation into the rapid lineage diversification and adaptive introgression among Rattus species.
MsABCG1, ATP‐Binding Cassette G transporter from Medicago Sativa, improves drought tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum
Authors: Yang Rongchen , Yang Yeyan , Yuan Yinying , Zhang Benzhong , Liu Ting , Shao Zitong , Li Yuanying , Yang Peizhi , An Jie , Cao Yuman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought has a devastating impact, presenting a formidable challenge to agricultural productivity and global food security. Among the numerous ABC transporter proteins found in plants, the ABCG transporters play a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stress. In Medicago sativa, the function of ABCG transporters remains elusive. Here, we report that MsABCG1, a WBC‐type transporter highly conserved in legumes, is critical for the response to drought in alfalfa. MsABCG1 is localized on the plasma membrane, with the highest expression observed in roots under normal conditions, and its expression is induced by drought, NaCl and ABA signalling. In transgenic tobacco, overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance, evidenced by increased osmotic regulatory substances and reduced lipid peroxidation. Additionally, drought stress resulted in reduced ABA accumulation in tobacco overexpressing MsABCG1, demonstrating that overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance was not via an ABA‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco exhibited increased stomatal density and reduced stomatal aperture under drought stress, indicating that MsABCG1 has the potential to participate in stomatal regulation during drought stress. In summary, these findings suggest that MsABCG1 significantly enhances drought tolerance in plants and provides a foundation for developing efficient drought‐resistance strategies in crops.
Learning Proficient Behavior With Computational Agents in Engineering Configuration Design
Authors: Brownell Ethan , Kotovsky Kenneth , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A novel approach for computational agents to learn proficient behavior in engineering configuration design that is inspired by human learning is introduced in this work. The learning proficient simulated annealing design agents (LPSADA) begin as different proficiency designers and are explicitly modeled to mimic the design behavior and performance of different proficiency human designers. A learning methodology, which is inspired by human learning, is introduced to update the characteristics of the agents that dictate their behavior. The methods are designed to change their behavioral characteristics based on their experience, including a non-deterministic reinforcement learning algorithm. Results show that the lower-proficiency agents successfully change their behavior to act more like high-proficiency designers. These behavior changes are shown to increase the performance of the lower-proficiency agents to the levels of high-proficiency human designers. In sum, the learning methodology that is introduced is shown to allow lower-proficiency agents to become higher-proficiency designers.
Designing Connectivity-Guaranteed Porous Metamaterial Units Using Generative Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Zihan , Bray Austin , Naghavi Khanghah Kiarash , Xu Hongyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Designing 3D porous metamaterial units while ensuring complete connectivity of both solid and pore phases presents a significant challenge. This complete connectivity is crucial for manufacturability and structure-fluid interaction applications (e.g., fluid-filled lattices). In this study, we propose a generative graph neural network-based framework for designing the porous metamaterial units with the constraint of complete connectivity. First, we propose a graph-based metamaterial unit generation approach to generate porous metamaterial samples with complete connectivity in both solid and pore phases. Second, we establish and evaluate three distinct variational graph autoencoder (VGAE)-based generative models to assess their effectiveness in generating an accurate latent space representation of metamaterial structures. By choosing the model with the highest reconstruction accuracy, the property-driven design search is conducted to obtain novel metamaterial unit designs with the targeted properties. A case study on designing liquid-filled metamaterials for thermal conductivity properties is carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed graph neural network-based design framework is evaluated by comparing the performances of the obtained designs with those of known designs in the metamaterial database. Merits and shortcomings of the proposed framework are also discussed.
A Screw Theory Approach for Instantaneous Kinematic Analysis of Parallel–Serial Manipulators
Authors: Antonov Anton V. , Fomin Alexey S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The paper presents an approach to perform an instantaneous kinematic analysis of parallel–serial (hybrid) manipulators using screw theory. In this study, we focus on non-kinematically redundant manipulators that include a single parallel mechanism. The proposed systematic procedure allows deriving Jacobian matrices for such manipulators, which provide mathematical relations between the end-effector velocities and speeds in the actuated joints. A generalized structure of the obtained matrices also reflects the constrained motions of the end-effector and the parallel mechanism. To illustrate the developed techniques, we consider three examples where we analyze three well-known parallel–serial manipulators with six, five, and four degrees-of-freedom. Following the proposed method, we determine Jacobian matrices for each manipulator. Next, we apply the presented approach for velocity analysis of a novel parallel–serial manipulator with five degrees-of-freedom. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical techniques. The suggested approach represents the basis for subsequent singularity and performance analysis, and it can be adapted to hybrid manipulators with other architectures.