bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental disorders and risk of accidental death
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Kristina , Winkleby Marilyn A. , Sundquist Jan 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundLittle is known about accidental death risks among psychiatric patients.AimsTo examine this issue in the most comprehensive study to date.MethodNational cohort study of all Swedish adults (n = 6 908 922) in 2001–2008.ResultsThere were 22 419 (0.3%) accidental deaths in the total population, including 5933 (0.9%) accidental deaths v. 3731 (0.6%) suicides among psychiatric patients (n = 649 051). Of persons who died from accidents, 26.0% had any psychiatric diagnosis v. 9.4% in the general population. Accidental death risk was four- to sevenfold among personality disorders, six- to sevenfold among dementia, and two- to fourfold among schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression or anxiety disorders, and was not fully explained by comorbid substance use. Strong associations were found irrespective of sociodemographic characteristics, and for different types of accidental death (especially poisoning or falls).ConclusionsAll mental disorders were strong independent risk factors for accidental death, which was substantially more common than suicide.
Efficacy and Safety of an Octreotide Implant in the Treatment of Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Chieffo Carla , Cook David , Xiang Qinfang , Frohman Lawrence A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Context:
Acromegaly is caused by excessive GH secretion and IGF-I overproduction. The goals of treatment are to reduce GH and IGF-I values to normal and relieve the associated symptoms.

Objective:
The purpose of this article was to demonstrate that an octreotide implant (84 mg) is safe and efficacious in patients with acromegaly who were responsive to prior monthly octreotide long-acting release (LAR) injections.

Design:
This was a phase 3, open-label study. Before treatment, subjects received a stable monthly dose of octreotide LAR injections (10−40 mg) for ≥3 months. Randomization was in a 3:1 ratio to either a 6-month octreotide implant or monthly octreotide LAR injections.

Setting:
This was a multicenter, international study conducted in private or institutional practices.

Subjects:
Enrollment included 163 subjects (aged ≥18 years) with acromegaly.

Main Outcome Measure:
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the octreotide implant during 24 weeks of treatment was evaluated.

Results:
After 24 weeks, the success rate of the implant for maintenance of IGF-I and GH levels was 86% (95% confidence interval, 80.3%) compared with a rate of 84% (95% confidence interval, 73.8%) for octreotide LAR. Serum octreotide concentrations after implant insertion increased within 8 days and peaked between days 14 and 28. The overall safety of the octreotide implant and octreotide LAR were similar. Diarrhea and headache were more frequent with the implant, whereas cholecystitis and hypertension were more frequent with octreotide LAR.

Conclusions:
In this pivotal phase 3 study, the octreotide implant maintained reduced blood levels of GH and IGF-I with continuous octreotide release over 6 months, which was well tolerated.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Structure-Structure Interaction in the Frequency Response
Authors: Kawamura T. , Kako T. 
Published: August 2013

Various vibration phenomena of buildings occurred in recent earthquakes. Some of them were very complicated and might be caused by unknown structure-structure interactions through foundations and/or ground soil. The aim of this research is to investigate such complicated structure-structure interaction by numerical simulation. After formulating the problem mathematically, we develop a simulation algorithm for linear elastic bodies that have distributional material constants. As for the discretization procedure, we adopt the finite element method (FEM) combined with the perfectly matched layer (PML) technique. Using the algorithm, we succeeded in computing several interesting phenomena of frequency response of the system caused by structure-structure interaction.
The first structure in a family of peptidase inhibitors reveals an unusual Ig-like fold
Authors: Rigden Daniel J , Xu Qingping , Chang Yuanyuan , Eberhardt Ruth Y , Finn Robert D , Rawlings Neil D 
Published: August 2013

We report the crystal structure solution of the Intracellular Protease Inhibitor (IPI) protein fromBacillus subtilis, which has been reported to be an inhibitor of the intracellular subtilisin Isp1 from the same organism. The structure of IPI is a variant of the all-beta, immunoglobulin (Ig) fold. It is possible that IPI is important for protein-protein interactions, of which inhibition of Isp1 is one. The intracellular nature of ISP is questioned, because an alternative ATG codon in theipigene would produce a protein with an N-terminal extension containing a signal peptide. It is possible that alternative initiation exists, producing either an intracellular inhibitor or a secreted form that may be associated with the cell surface. Homologues of the IPI protein from other species are multi-domain proteins, containing signal peptides and domains also associated with the bacterial cell-surface. The cysteine peptidase inhibitors chagasin and amoebiasin also have Ig-like folds, but their topology differs significantly from that of IPI, and they share no recent common ancestor. A model of IPI docked to Isp1 shows similarities to other subtilisin:inhibitor complexes, particularly where the inhibitor interacts with the peptidase active site.
Creativity as conversation in the interactive audience culture of YouTube
Authors: Duncum Paul 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
YouTube videos produced by school-aged youth in their own time of their own accord are described, and their implications for art education are considered. The videos are conceived as creative conversations, their productions being the consequence of social networks and self-organizing systems rather than individual psychology. The videos primarily emerge from collaborative interaction between two or more contributors. The phenomenal success of YouTube is noted, including how its interface helps to facilitate conversation. Particular examples of videos are described involving Barbie torture, blending machines and aquatic disasters. Educational implications are drawn, partly by considering what art educators have suggested in the past with regard to former kinds of unsolicited creativity by youth. These include pairing students to create collaboratively, teaching appropriate skills, and going beyond the oftentimes-transgressive subject matter to consider the deeper developmental roles played by unsolicited creativity. The adoption of a mix of pedagogies is advocated.
Hands on: The importance of studio learning in design education
Authors: Lynas Emma , Budge Kylie , Beale Claire 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Studio learning and teaching in art and design is still a relatively under-explored zone. While a growing body of literature is beginning to explore what kind of learning and teaching occurs in studio, there is less literature available that explicates why studio learning is important. Three elements highlighting the importance of studio in design learning and teaching are at the centre of this article: the development of artistic/design skills and understanding; the internal and external processes and practices of studio; and how studio models future working environments. This argument has been presented in the context of the authors’ experiences in teaching and supporting a university textile design programme, and has drawn from 2009 student data from a study in the same context. This article has framed such experiences and data in the context of contemporary thinking as expressed in the literature on studio.
Bind to build: An interdisciplinary art project for learning of community development
Authors: Ng-He Carol 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In Spring 2012, I brought my undergraduate course ‘Arts and Community Development’ at Columbia College Chicago outside of the classroom and into the community – Albany Park – a neighbourhood on Chicago’s north side, known for its cultural and ethnic diversity. Building upon Chicago’s nineteenth-century activism legacy of noted pioneer settlement worker and founder of the Hull-House, this essay presents the process of my students’ art-based action research and creative workshop projects in an independently artist-run book-bindery, North Branch Projects, as a way of community engagement. The article will conclude with a personal reflection on the success of student-artist collaboration.
Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 600 after Autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas and Laser Beam Welding using Electrochemical Technique
Authors: Abraham Geogy J. , Bhambroo Rajan , Kain V. , Dey G. K. , Raja V. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking is influenced by precipitation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries and formation of chromium depletion regions. The present study focuses on understanding the carbide precipitation and subsequent sensitization in the weldments of Alloy 600 using two different welding techniques. The effect of heat input on microstructure and IGC susceptibility was measured using electrochemical reactivation test. The SEM studies were done to evaluate the presence of chromium depleted regions. The carbide was indentified to be Cr7C3 using TEM. The laser beam weldments showed an increased resistance to IGC as compared to TIG weldments.
Nurse Educators’ Perspectives on Student Development of Reflection for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Practice
Authors: Karpa Jane V. , Chernomas Wanda M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPsychiatric nursing, in various parts of the world, including regions of Canada, is recognized as a distinct nursing profession. In psychiatric mental health nursing practice, reflection is considered a foundational skill given the relational nature of nurses’ therapeutic work. Communicating the significance of reflection for practice to students and teaching this intangible skill is challenging for educators. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore with psychiatric mental health nurse educators their views on how they develop reflective practitioners. Participants’ perspectives and experiences in teaching reflective practice were captured in four themes: building the use of self as an agent of change, building skills of reflection/building the habit of reflection, building a bridge between theory and practice, and building a continuing reflective practice – from student to practitioner. Recommendations include a systematic incorporation of reflection into a curriculum and creating supportive learning environments that facilitate the development of reflective practitioners.
Integrated Assessment on Profitability of the Chinese Aviation Industry
Authors: Li Zhi-yuan , Bender Jacob 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWith the increasing economic development and gradual opening of China’s aviation market, the Chinese aviation industry is experiencing rapid growth and is facing some problems at the same time. Many scholars have assessed the profitability of the Chinese aviation industry using a single assessment approach. Both theory and methods in assessing the profitability of the airlines need to be developed and improved. This article presents a new integrated approach – a combination of factor analysis, principal component analysis, and gray relational analysis. Based on the theory of decision making and data mining, this more reasonable and effective model overcomes the one-sidedness and limitations of the individual methods and has significant impact in theory and practice.
Katena und Konstruktion: Ein Vorschlag zu einer dependenziellen Konstruktionsgrammatik
Authors: Groß Thomas , Osborne Timothy 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The paper claims that a marriage of the Dependency Grammar (DG)
understanding of word and sentence structure with the axioms of Construction
Grammar is possible and desirable. The catena unit – the validity of which has
been established in syntax – is extended to morphosyntax. In syntax, a word
catena is defined as a word or a combination of words that is continuous with
respect to dominance. This definition is extended to morphosyntax, where a
morph catena is defined analogously as a morph or a combination of morphs
that is continuous with respect to dominance. The validity and utility of the
catena concept for construction grammars is demonstrated in a particular area,
namely regarding the functional meanings expressed by periphrastic verb
chains (e.g. modality, aspect, and voice). The morph combinations (= the constructs)
that express these functional meanings form morph catenae.
Laboratory Evaluation of Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Recycled Clay Masonry Blends in Pavement Applications
Authors: Azam A. M. , Cameron D. A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the assessment of blends of recycled clay masonry (RCM) with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for applications in pavements. The study reviewed materials from two South Australian suppliers with the proportion by dry mass of RCM being up to 30 % of the total aggregate mass. Testing included drying shrinkage, static undrained triaxial shear strength and multi-stage repeated loading triaxial testing (RLTT). Although the target dry density ratio was set at 98 % of maximum dry density (MDD) for all compacted specimens, moulding moisture content was varied to investigate the influence of moisture on strength and stiffness of the materials. Static shear strength decreased almost linearly as the initial moisture content increased. The importance of shear strength was demonstrated on RLTT testing and the applied stress states in later stages of the test. A review of the RLTT data showed that both resilient modulus and permanent strain were sensitive to molding moisture content, as well as the applied stresses. Recommendations based on the permanent strain behavior and resilient modulus of the tested specimens, were made regarding the general applications of the various blends in road construction. Potential applications ranged from upper or lower sub-base and base for various traffic levels, depending on percentage of crushed masonry, or RCM, initial moisture content, and product supplier.
Ultrasonic Studies of Some Mono-, Di-, and Tri-Saccharides in Aqueous Sodium Acetate Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kaur Banipal Parampaul , Singh Vickramjeet , Singh Banipal Tarlok , Singh Harpreet 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Standard partial molar isentropic compressibilities,
K
○
s,2 at infinite dilution
of some mono-, di- and trisaccharides were determined in water and
in (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) mol kg
–1
aqueous sodium acetate solutions at temperatures,
T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K from
precise speed of sound measurements. From these data, the standard
partial molar isentropic compressibilities of transfer,
Δ
t
K
○
s,2,
pair and triplet interaction coefficients
(K
AB,
K
ABB) and hydration numbers,
N
w have been calculated. These
parameters have been discussed in terms of various molecular
interactions occurring in solutions. Effect of sodium acetate on
the taste quality of various saccharides has been discussed on the
basis of apparent massic volume and apparent massic isentropic
compressibility parameters. Acoustical properties have also been
discussed in relation to previously reported volumetric and
rheological studies for these systems.
Changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism: the HUNT Study in Norway
Authors: Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Vatten Lars J , Bjøro Trine 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveUntreated hypothyroidism is common in iodine-replete areas. Frequent thyroid function testing and use of levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism suggest that the prevalence may have decreased. Therefore, in this study, we examined changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a Norwegian county from 1995–1997 to 2006–2008.DesignPopulation surveys of 33 917 individuals in 1995–1997 and 49 180 individuals in 2006–2008 were carried out.MethodsWe compared the prevalence of untreated overt, untreated subclinical, and treated hypothyroidism between 1995–1997 and 2006–2008.ResultsThe prevalence of untreated overt hypothyroidism among women decreased by 84% from 1995–1997 (0.75%) to 2006–2008 (0.12%) (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.16; 95% CI 0.10–0.26). The corresponding decrease among men was 43% from 0.21 to 0.12% (PR 0.57; 95% CI 0.28–1.16). The prevalence of untreated subclinical hypothyroidism decreased by 64% from 3.0 to 1.1% in women (PR 0.36; 95% CI 0.31–0.42) and decreased by 54% from 2.1 to 1.0% in men (PR 0.46; 95% CI 0.38–0.56). Conversely, the prevalence of treated hypothyroidism among women increased by 60% from 5.0 to 8.0% (PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.50–1.71), and the corresponding prevalence in men doubled from 1.0 to 2.0% (PR 1.96; 95% CI 1.59–2.41). The prevalence of any form of hypothyroidism remained essentially similar at 9% in women and 3% in men.ConclusionsThe prevalence of untreated hypothyroidism in this Norwegian county decreased strongly from 1995–1997 to 2006–2008. The findings suggest that the prevalence of untreated hypothyroidism in populations with easy access to thyroid function testing and levothyroxine treatment may now be low.
Accuracy of a Stormwater Monitoring Program for Urban Landuses
Authors: Madarang Krish , Kang Joo‐Hyon 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT: This study examined the accuracy of an urban stormwater monitoring program in estimating the annual discharge load (LT) and the annual reduction rate by a stormwater treatment device (RT) for total suspended solids. A calibrated stormwater management model was used to generate the entire stormwater runoff events in one year and was used to estimate LT and RT under different monitoring strategies having limited numbers of runoff events, including random, wet season, antecedent dry days (ADD)‐based, monthly, and seasonally weighted. For random monitoring, 12 storms were required to estimate the values of LT and RT with mean relative errors of 13.98 and 0.24%, respectively. Monthly monitoring had slightly greater mean relative errors compared to random monitoring. Wet season and ADD‐based monitoring under‐ or overestimated both LT and RT. Monitoring with equal numbers of storms from the wet and dry seasons best estimated LT and RT.
Nitrogen and COD Removal from Domestic and Synthetic Wastewater in Subsurface‐Flow Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Collison R. S. , Grismer M. E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT: Comparisons of the performance of constructed‐wetland systems (CWs) for treating domestic wastewater in the laboratory and field may use pathogen‐free synthetic wastewater to avoid regulatory health concerns. However, little to no data are available describing the relative treatment efficiencies of CWs to both actual and synthetic domestic wastewaters so as to enable such comparison. To fill this gap, treatment performances with respect to organics (chemical organic demand; COD) and nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) removal from domestic (septic tank) and a similar‐strength synthetic wastewater under planted and non‐planted subsurface‐flow CWs are determined. One pair of CWs was planted with cattails in May 2008, whereas the adjacent system was non‐planted. Collected septic tank or synthesized wastewater was allowed to gravity feed each CWs, and effluent samples were collected and tested for COD and nitrogen species regularly during four different periods over six months. Overall, statistically significant greater removal of COD (∼12%) and nitrogen (∼5%) occurred from the synthetic as compared with the domestic wastewater from the planted and non‐planted CWs. Effluent BOD5/COD ratios from the synthetic wastewater CWs averaged nearly twice that from the domestic wastewater CWs (0.17 vs 0.10), reflecting greater concentrations of readily degraded compounds. That removal fractions were consistent across the mid‐range loading rates to the CWs suggests that the synthetic wastewater can be used in testing laboratory CWs with reasonable success in application of their results to the field.
The Importance of Particle Characterization in Stormwater Runoff
Authors: Ferreira M. , Stenstrom M. K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT: Treatment units for stormwater management are being routinely required for new construction and upgrading of older facilities. This paper shows how particle size distribution affects the removal of sedimentation units and how erroneous results are often obtained if one uses simple overall removal efficiency or if the particle size distribution is not considered. Two full‐scale devices are used for demonstration. A hydrodynamic device, which generally have low, overall suspended solids removal efficiency, is used for the first case, and it is shown that it actually removes large particles very well but has virtually no removal of small particles. The second case is for a dry detention basin. It is shown that the removal rates are generally in accord with sedimentation theory, removing larger and medium size particles well. Using particle size distribution in evaluating treatment unit performance is a more accurate and precise way of determining the actual performance.
Downscale Methodology for Determining Priority Orders of the Sewer Rehabilitation
Authors: Kim Tae Jin , Kim Joong Hoon 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT: Although inflow/infiltration (I/I) is one of the main factors used to decrease efficiency in sewer capacity and wastewater treatment, due to budget constraints, it is sampled only at the outlet point. Accordingly, the rehabilitation orders of defected sewers are determined for each drainage area without the consideration of I/I in each sewer. This study focuses on the development of a sampled I/I distribution (I2D) model and a decision‐making model for sewer rehabilitation. The I2D model is developed based on the unit sewer defect value. The decision making model, developed using a genetic algorithm, is simulated with the consideration of sewer rehabilitation, wastewater treatment cost, and distributed I/I amount in each sewer on the budget. When the simulation results are compared with those of a numerical weighting method, it is concluded that the integrated model provides a detailed and systematic sewer rehabilitation plan from watershed‐scale drainage areas to field‐scale drainage areas.
A Patient with CKD and Poor Nutritional Status
Authors: Ikizler T. Alp 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Protein energy wasting is common in patients with CKD and ESRD and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, such as increased rates of hospitalization and death, in these patients. A multitude of factors can affect the nutritional and metabolic status of patients with CKD, including decreased dietary nutrient intake, catabolic effects of renal replacement therapy, systemic inflammation, metabolic and hormonal derangements, and comorbid conditions (such as diabetes and depression). Unique aspects of CKD also confound reliable assessment of nutritional status, further complicating management of this comorbid condition. In patients in whom preventive measures and oral dietary intake from regular meals cannot help them maintain adequate nutritional status, nutritional supplementation, administered orally, enterally, or parenterally, is effective in replenishing protein and energy stores. The advantages of oral nutritional supplements include proven efficacy, safety, and compliance. Anabolic steroids and exercise, with nutritional supplementation or alone, improve protein stores and represent potential additional approaches for the treatment of PEW. There are several emerging novel therapies, such as appetite stimulants, anti-inflammatory interventions, and anabolic agents.