bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive pregnancy disorders as a risk factor for future cardiovascular and metabolic disorders (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study)
Authors: Hashemi Somayeh , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Mehrabi Yadollah , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hypertensive pregnancy disorders (HPD) are common worldwide, there is no consensus regarding their long‐term cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. We aimed to ascertain the association between HPD and the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances later in life.Material and MethodsA cohort of 226 women with a history of HPD was selected as the case group, and a group of 226 age‐ and body‐mass‐index‐matched women, with no history of HPD, was selected as controls. Both groups were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were compared for concentrations of metabolic parameters and incidence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia over a follow up of 10 years.ResultsWomen with a history of HPD, compared with age‐ and body‐mass‐index‐matched women without such a history, had an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including a twofold increased risk for hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–3.2), a threefold increased risk for T2DM (95% CI: 1.8–5.2) and a 1.3‐fold increased risk for dyslipidemia (95% CI: 1.2–1.5).ConclusionsWomen with a history of hypertension in pregnancy are at increased risk for subsequent diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidemia and T2DM later in life. These women may benefit from close monitoring and timely implementation of primary prevention measures of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors and lifestyle modifications.
Institutions and Business Cycles
Authors: Altug Sumru , Neyapti Bilin , Emin Mustafa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the main features of business cycles and the institutional and structural characteristics of 62 industrial, emerging and formerly centrally planned economies from all continents. We find that a variety of institutional indicators, including stronger governance, greater civil liberties, more developed labour and capital markets, and higher levels of central bank independence are significantly associated with business cycle characteristics – namely, volatility and persistence. Our study also demonstrates that similarity of the institutional environment in dimensions such as governance and the level of labour and capital market development strongly affects the co‐movement of business cycles across countries.
Inflation and Inflation Volatility Revisited
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Lin Shu‐Chin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe link between inflation and its variability has been a topic of considerable interest and dispute, with theoretical disagreements and inconclusive empirical results. Empirical problems often arise from endogeneity and reverse causality. This paper reassesses the link through a system of simultaneous equations that addresses the reverse causality issue. Employing the identification through heteroskedasticity approach as an identification strategy and using a panel of 105 countries over the period 1960–2007, we find a two‐way interaction between inflation and its variability. In particular, higher inflation increases inflation volatility, which is in line with the Friedman‐Ball Hypothesis. Consistent with the Cukierman‐Meltzer arguments, moreover, greater inflation volatility fuels inflation. The evidence is robust to alternative model specifications, time periods, and country characteristics.
The Architecture and Governance of Financial Supervision: Sources and Implications
Authors: Dincer N. Nergiz , Eichengreen Barry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe compare the architecture and governance of financial supervision across countries. We find that countries where the supervisor is the central bank, or where it is independent of government, have more conservatively regulated financial systems. Nonperforming loans are lower in countries where the supervisor is independent, while capital ratios are higher where the central bank, rather than another agency of government, is the lead supervisor. At the same time, some measures of bank credit to the economy are significantly lower both where the supervisor is independent and where the lead supervisor is the central bank. Insofar as the same institutional arrangements that confer greater stability, such as higher capital ratios and lower nonperforming loans, also limit the provision of credit to the economy, countries face a tradeoff. That different countries have been moving in different directions in restructuring their supervisory arrangements should not be surprising insofar as they have different objectives for their financial sector.
Non‐segmental vitiligo and psoriasis comorbidity – a case‐control study in Italian patients
Authors: Arunachalam M. , Dragoni F. , Colucci R. , Berti S. , Crocetti E. , Galeone M. , Conti R. , Moretti S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundA recent systematic evaluation of vitiligo and psoriasis comorbidity has not yet been reported in a large series of patients with vitiligo.ObjectiveTo investigate the practical/clinical implications in subjects with both vitiligo and psoriasis compared to those with vitiligo alone.MethodsThis was a case‐control study on 463 vitiligo patients in our clinic from March 2008 to April 2011. Medical assessment was performed by dermatologists using the modified Vitiligo European Task Force form.ResultsIn an univariate analysis, inflammation/pruritus [odds ratio (OR) 2.42, P = 0.03], use of drugs that can induce psoriasis (OR 2.74, P = 0.01), a family history (FH) of psoriasis (OR 2.87, P = 0.02), cardiovascular disease (OR 5.70, P = 0.001), hypertension (OR 4.7, P = 0.006) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 3.87, P = 0.004), were significantly correlated with patients exhibiting vitiligo and psoriasis comorbidity. A trend was found in personal history of cardiovascular disease in patients with both diseases (OR 2.99, P = 0.07). FH of vitiligo was significantly associated with patients having only vitiligo (OR 0.35, P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that inflammation/pruritus in vitiligo macules (OR 2.56, P = 0.047) and a FH of cardiovascular disease (OR 4.07, P = 0.02) were the most significant predictors of patients having both psoriasis and vitiligo, while the presence of organ‐specific autoantibodies (OR 0.24, P = 0.007) was significantly associated with patients having only vitiligo.ConclusionThe presence of vitiligo and even mild psoriasis is significantly correlated with a family history of cardiovascular disease, a factor that requires greater attention and follow‐up with respect to that necessary for vitiligo patients.
Investigating Reasons for Differences in the Results of Environmental, Physical, and Hybrid Input‐Output Models
Authors: Liang Sai , Zhang Tianzhu 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIt is vital to find reasons for differences in the results of environmental input‐output (EIO), physical input‐output (PIO), and hybrid input‐output (HIO) models for industrial and environmental policy analysis. Using EIO, PIO, and HIO models, China's industrial metabolism is calculated. Four reasons were found to account for differences in the results of analysis using EIO, PIO, and HIO models: the manner in which they deal with residential consumption, service sectors, and waste recycling, and the assumption of unique sector prices. The HIO model, which treats residential consumption as sectors of the intermediate delivery matrix, is preferred to the EIO and PIO models for analyzing industrial and environmental policies. Moreover, waste recycling in five sectors—agriculture; the manufacture of paper, printing, and articles for culture, education, and sports activities; the manufacture of nonmetallic mineral products; smelting and pressing of metals; and construction—should be comprehensively considered when using the HIO model to study problems related to these five sectors. Improvements in the EIO, PIO, and HIO models and future work are also discussed.
Characterisation of a monoclonal antibody detecting Atlantic salmon endothelial and red blood cells, and its association with the infectious salmon anaemia virus cell receptor
Authors: Aamelfot Maria , Weli Simon C. , Dale Ole B. , Koppang Erling O. , Falk Knut 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surfaces of the cardiovascular system and play an important role in cardiovascular functions such as regulation of haemostasis and vasomotor tone. A number of fish and mammalian viruses target these cells in the course of their infection. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) attacks ECs and red blood cells (RBCs) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), producing the severe disease of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). The investigation of ISA has up to now been hampered by the lack of a functional marker for ECs in Atlantic salmon in situ. In this study, we report the characterisation and use of a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) detecting Atlantic salmon ECs (e.g. vessel endothelium, endocardial cells and scavenger ECs) and RBCs. The antibody can be used with immunohistochemistry, IFAT and on Western blots. It appears that the epitope recognised by the antibody is associated with the ISAV cellular receptor. Besides being a tool to identify ECs in situ, it could be useful in further studies of the pathogenicity of ISA. Finally, the detection of an epitope shared by ECs and RBCs agrees with recent findings that these cells share a common origin, thus the MAb can potentially be used to study the ontogeny of these cells in Atlantic salmon.
The effect of a vitamin A palmitate and antioxidant‐containing oil‐based moisturizer on photodamaged skin of several body sites
Authors: Rawlings Anthony V , Stephens Thomas J , Herndon James H , Miller Monae , Liu Yan , Lombard Kim 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackgroundCumulative lifetime sun exposure is accepted as having a very important role to play in the expression of the signs of photoaging, which is then superimposed on the intrinsic processes involved in the chronological aging of skin. Many groups have evaluated the effects of emulsion‐based products, mostly although not exclusively, on the face using a variety of actives including retinoids and antioxidants. Nevertheless, the effect of a topical anhydrous product on photodamaged skin has not been reported in the literature.AimsThe objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the effect of a vitamin A palmitate and antioxidant‐containing oil‐based moisturizer on facial, neck, decolletage, arms, and lower leg body sites.MethodsIn a randomized, controlled and efficacy grader‐blinded clinical study conducted over 12 weeks, while at the same time recording the changes in skin condition for a no‐treatment group over the same time period, live clinical expert grading of all body sites and also grading of photographs for the face and neck assessed changes in the signs of photodamage was performed for the treatment and no‐treatment groups.ResultsCompared to the no‐treatment group, and to baseline, the oil improved fine lines, coarse wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, uneven skin tone, roughness, firmness, and clarity of the skin on the face and neck and was also shown to improve crepey skin texture, dryness, scaling and roughness on the decolletage, arms and lower legs at the primary end point at 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Moreover, improvements in a variety of parameters were observed as quickly as 2 weeks. In general, the degree of improvement was greatest in the order legs > arms > decolletage > face > neck.ConclusionsCollectively, these results show the cumulative improvements in the signs of photoaging compared to a no‐treatment control group for the oil‐based antiaging moisturizer for the first time. The differences in the efficacy of the vitamin A palmiate and antioxidant oil‐based moisturizer on different body sites probably reflect the differences in likely photodamage.
Gender difference in tooth autotransplantation with complete root formation: a retrospective survey
Authors: Yoshino K. , Ishizuka Y. , Sugihara N. , Kariya N. , Namura D. , Noji I. , Mitsuhashi K. , Kimura H. , Fukuda A. , Kikukawa I. , Hayashi T. , Yamazaki N. , Kimura M. , Tsukiyama K. , Yamamoto K. , Fukuyama A. , Hidaka D. , Shinoda J. , Mibu H. , Shimakura Y. , Saito A. , Ikumi S. , Umehara K. , Kamei F. , Fukuda H. , Toake T. , Takahashi Y. , Miyata Y. , Shioji S. , Toyoda M. , Hattori N. , Nishihara H. , Matsushima R. , Nishibori M. , Hokkedo O. , Nojima M. , Kimura T. , Fujiseki M. , Okudaira S. , Tanabe K. , Nakano M. , Ito K. , Kuroda M. , Fukai K. , Matsukubo T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryGender‐related risk factors in the survival of transplanted teeth with complete root formation have not yet been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in tooth autotransplantation at dental clinics. We asked participating dentists to provide information on transplantations they had undertaken from 1 January 1990 to 1931 December 2010. The data were screened to exclude patients who underwent more than one transplantation, smokers or those whose smoking habits were unknown, patients under 30 or who were 70 years old and over, cases where the transplanted teeth had incomplete root formation or multiple roots and those with fewer than 20 present teeth post‐operation. We analysed 73 teeth of 73 males (mean age, 47·2 years) and 106 teeth of 106 females (mean age, 45·3 years) in this study. The cumulative survival rate and mean survival time were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The cumulative survival rate for males was 88·3% at the 5‐year mark, 64·8% at 10 years and 48·6% at 15 years; for females, it was 97·2% at the 5‐year mark, 85·9% at 10 years and 85·9% at 15 years. A log‐rank test indicated the difference between males and females to be significant (P = 0·011). There was also a significant difference in the main causes for the loss of transplanted teeth: males lost more transplanted teeth due to attachment loss than females (P < 0·05). These results indicate that males require more attention during the autotransplantation process, particularly at the stage of pre‐operation evaluation and that of follow‐up maintenance.
Elemental ion release from fixed restorative materials into patient saliva
Authors: Elshahawy W. , Ajlouni R. , James W. , Abdellatif H. , Watanabe I. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to quantitatively investigate the elemental ion release from the fixed gold alloy and ceramic crowns into patient saliva. Twenty patients who participated in the study were divided into two equal groups; 1) full coverage type IV gold crowns and 2) full coverage CAD‐CAM‐fabricated ceramic crowns. Saliva collection and clinical evaluation of marginal integrity and gingival health were performed before crowns preparation, 3 months and 6 months after crowns placement. Clinical evaluations were conducted using California Dental Association criteria. Collected saliva samples were analysed for element release using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The zinc, copper, palladium, gold and silver were released from type IV gold crowns into saliva, while the silicon and aluminium were released from ceramic crowns. A clinically significant number of subjects had increased release of zinc from baseline to three‐month recall and increased silicon release from baseline to both three‐month and six‐month recalls. For all elements, the subjects' counts for the case of three‐month recall to six‐month recall were never higher than that of the case of baseline to three‐month recall except for palladium. No obvious adverse effects on marginal integrity or gingival health were noticed. Significant increased releases of zinc from cast gold crowns and silicon from CAD‐CAM‐fabricated ceramic crowns into the saliva were evident after 3 months of clinical service.
Development of Flavor Lexicon for Freshly Pressed and Processed Blueberry Juice
Authors: Bett‐Garber K.L. , Lea J.M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA lexicon with 32 aroma/flavor, taste and mouthfeel attributes was developed for blueberry juice. Twenty blueberry products were used to develop the lexicon. It was tested with frozen blueberries that were thawed and hand‐pressed to make juices (P1, P2 or P3) and bottled juices (B1, B2, B3 or B4). Freshly pressed juices had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher scores in blueberry, strawberry, floral, sweet aroma and sweet taste except for processed juice, B4, which was also high in sweet taste. In comparison, the four bottled juices were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in cranberry, molasses/dark corn syrup, canned tomato, fermented, processed berry juice, sour aroma and pungency aroma. In addition, all three hand‐pressed juices plus B4 were significantly lower than B1, B2 and B3 in wine‐like, bitter taste, sour taste, astringent, metallic, tongue numbing and throat burn attributes. Processed blueberry juice had a different flavor profile than freshly pressed juice.Practical ApplicationBlueberry juice offers many health benefits. Blueberry juices are appealing to consumers because of their high antioxidant levels and convenience. This lexicon provides a means to evaluate blueberry juice flavor, whether freshly pressed or processed. These descriptors will facilitate monitoring the changes in flavor during processing and storage and will assist processors to determine the impact of processing methods on product flavor quality. They will also be useful to evaluate breeding and production practices on juice flavor.
Of war and sausages: A case‐directed review of infant botulism
Authors: Barnes Michelle , Britton Philip N , Singh‐Grewal Davinder 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWithin a 3‐month period, two infants presented non‐specifically to hospital and rapidly progressed developing flaccid paralysis. Both children were diagnosed with infant botulism. We briefly review these two cases and discuss the diagnostic and management issues involved with this rare childhood disease.
Bronchoscopic evaluation of unexplained recurrent and persistent pneumonia in children
Authors: Gokdemir Yasemin , Cakir Erkan , Kut Arif , Erdem Ela , Karadag Bulent , Ersu Refika , Karakoc Fazilet 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundPersistent or recurrent pneumonia in children can pose a significant challenge to paediatricians and respiratory physicians.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the role of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in evaluation of recurrent or persistent pneumonia that remain otherwise unexplained by non‐invasive diagnostic tests in children.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of patients who underwent FB with an indication of recurrent or persistent pneumonia from 1997 to 2011.ResultsAmong 2600 FB procedures, 434 (17%) were performed with the indication of recurrent or persistent pneumonia. There were 237 (54%) boys. Median age at presentation was 84 months, and median duration of symptoms was 9 months. FB led to specific diagnosis in 33% of the cases. The most common diseases diagnosed by FB were malacia disorders (n: 32, 7%), aspirated foreign body (n: 30, 7%), endobronchial tuberculosis (n: 20, 5%), congenital airway anomalies (n: 14, 3%), mucus plugs (n: 14, 3%), pulmonary haemosiderosis (n: 12, 3%) and middle lobe syndrome (n: 11, 3%). During FB, only 6% of the patients had minor complications such as transient hypoxia, stridor and tachycardia.ConclusionsIn our study, FB proved to be a safe and effective tool in evaluation of children with persistent or recurrent pneumonia. FB is indicated for children with recurrent or persistent pneumonia where the underlying diagnosis remains unclear even after non‐invasive diagnostic tests.
Computer use and letter knowledge in pre‐school children: A population‐based study
Authors: Castles Anne , McLean Gregor MT , Bavin Edith , Bretherton Lesley , Carlin John , Prior Margot , Ukoumunne Obioha , Wake Melissa , Reilly Sheena 
Published: February 2013

AimTo explore the link between pre‐school children's general home computer use and their letter knowledge.MethodsAs part of the Early Language in Victoria Study, a community cohort of 1539 four‐year‐old children was tested on letter knowledge as well as on non‐verbal intelligence, oral language, articulation and phonological awareness. Performance on these measures was examined in relation to parent‐questionnaire responses exploring home literacy environment and the amount of time children spent using the computer.ResultsA positive correlation between computer use and letter knowledge was found, and this association was still evident after controlling for other cognitive and environmental factors known to predict the development of letter knowledge in young children.ConclusionsGreater computer use in pre‐school children appears to have a positive association with emerging literacy development. Future research needs to examine the nature of that association.
Anti-inflammatory effect of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction extracted from the red algae Hypnea musciformis via the suppression of neutrophil migration by the nitric oxide signalling pathway
Authors: de Brito Tarcisio Vieira , Prudêncio Rafael da Silva , Sales Adriano Bezerra , Vieira Júnior Francisco das Chagas , Candeira Starley Jone Nogueira , Franco Álvaro Xavier , Aragão Karoline Sabóia , Ribeiro Ronaldo de Albuquerque , Ponte de Souza Marcellus Henrique Loiola , Chaves Luciano de Sousa , Freitas Ana Lúcia Ponte , Medeiros Jand-Venes Rolim , dos Reis Barbosa André Luiz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction (PLS) extracted from the alga Hypnea musciformis and investigate the possible involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in this effect.

Methods
The anti-inflammatory activity of PLS was evaluated using inflammatory agents (carrageenan and dextran) to induce paw oedema and peritonitis in Swiss mice. Samples of paw tissue and peritoneal fluid were removed to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, NO3/NO2 levels, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level. The involvement of NO in the modulation of neutrophil migration in carrageenan-induced paw oedema or peritonitis was also investigated.

Key findings
Compared with vehicle-treated mice, mice pretreated with PLS (10 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced and dextran-induced oedema; it also inhibited total and differential peritoneal leucocyte counts in a model of peritonitis. These PLS effects were reversed by l-arginine treatment and recovered with the administration of a NO synthase blocker (aminoguanidine). Furthermore, PLS reduced the MPO activity, decreased IL-1β levels, and increased NO3/NO2 levels in the peritoneal cavity.

Conclusions
PLS reduced the inflammatory response by modulating neutrophil migration, which appeared to be dependent on the NO pathway.