bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation service: improving the referral process
Authors: Davies Thomas , Geleit Ryan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOral anticoaguIants are extremely common, and it is estimated that there are between 500,000 and 1 million people prescribed them in the UK.[1] These drugs are the most frequently named medication in fatal errors and litigation claims [2] and they require the implementation of additional safety controls.[3] Warfarin is the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant and it requires regular international normalised ratio (INR) monitoring and dosage adjustment to achieve the desired therapeutic range.[4] Under-anticoagulation can cause thrombosis and over-anticoagulation can lead to haemorrhage, both of which can be fatal.[5]At St. Peter's hospital there is an anticoagulation service providing regular international normalised ratio (INR) monitoring for patients on warfarin. However, the current referral system is paper-based and a baseline audit found that only 66% of patients were successfully referred to the service on discharge from hospital. This identifies a significant patient safety issue which could result in life-threatening consequences.An electronic referral form was developed within a pre-existing computer based ordering system with the aim of improving the referral rate. The electronic referral tool streamlined the referral process, making the form quicker and easier to fill out and removed the need for faxing lengthy paper forms. Key information on the form was made mandatory. After intervention a re-audit revealed that 84% of patients discharged on warfarin were referred to the clinic, which equates to an increase of 18%. The increased referral rate will improve patient safety and prevent unnecessary hospital admissions.There should be continued promotion of the importance of referring patients to the anticoagulation clinic. This can be delivered through inductions, teaching sessions, and re-audits. Future goals include an automated referral system triggered on patient discharge.
The effect of urban green on small-area (healthy) life expectancy
Authors: Jonker M F , van Lenthe F J , Donkers B , Mackenbach J P , Burdorf A 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundSeveral epidemiological studies have investigated the effect of the quantity of green space on health outcomes such as self-rated health, morbidity and mortality ratios. These studies have consistently found positive associations between the quantity of green and health. However, the impact of other aspects, such as the perceived quality and average distance to public green, and the effect of urban green on population health are still largely unknown.MethodsLinear regression models were used to investigate the impact of three different measures of urban green on small-area life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) in The Netherlands. All regressions corrected for average neighbourhood household income, accommodated spatial autocorrelation, and took measurement uncertainty of LE, HLE as well as the quality of urban green into account.ResultsBoth the quantity and the perceived quality of urban green are modestly related to small-area LE and HLE: an increase of 1 SD in the percentage of urban green space is associated with a 0.1-year higher LE, and, in the case of quality of green, with an approximately 0.3-year higher LE and HLE. The average distance to the nearest public green is unrelated to population health.ConclusionsThe quantity and particularly quality of urban green are positively associated with small-area LE and HLE. This concurs with a growing body of evidence that urban green reduces stress, stimulates physical activity, improves the microclimate and reduces ambient air pollution. Accordingly, urban green development deserves a more prominent place in urban regeneration and neighbourhood renewal programmes.
Flow diverter stents for unruptured saccular anterior circulation perforating artery aneurysms: safety, efficacy, and short-term follow-up
Authors: Kühn Anna Luisa , Hou Samuel Y , Perras Mary , Brooks Christopher , Gounis Matthew J , Wakhloo Ajay K , Puri Ajit S 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundAnterior circulation perforating artery aneurysms including anterior choroidal artery and lenticulostriate artery aneurysms are rare. Injury to these vessels can lead to severe debilitating symptoms.ObjectiveTo present a new approach to treatment using flow diversion technology.MethodsPatients treated with a Pipeline embolization device (PED) for perforator artery aneurysms at our institution between June 2012 and May 2013 were identified and included in our retrospective analysis. We evaluated patient vascular risk factors; family history of aneurysms; aneurysm characteristics; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on admission; and angiography follow-up and patient clinical outcome at discharge, 6 months, and 1 year.ResultsWe included four patients with a mean age of 59.8 years. Two patients had a positive family history of aneurysms. Patient vascular risk factors included smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. All patients presented with a NIHSS and mRS of 0 on admission. Aneurysms were located at the anterior choroidal (n=2) or lenticulostriate artery (n=2) and were treated with a single PED. No periprocedural or postprocedural complications occurred. The patients were discharged with no change in NHISS or mRS score. Six-month and 1-year follow-up angiography showed complete aneurysm occlusion. Mild intimal hyperplasia was seen in 2 cases at 6 months, but was resolved at the 1-year follow-up. No re-treatment was necessary. NIHSS and mRS remained 0 at follow-up time points.ConclusionsOur preliminary results show that flow diversion technology is an effective and safe therapy for complex, hard-to-treat aneurysms in perforating arteries. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to validate our promising results.
Efficacy of a new attenuated duck parvovirosis vaccine in Muscovy ducks
Authors: Maurin‐Bernaud L. , Goutebroze S. , Merdy O. , Chanay A. , Cozette V. , Gros F‐X Le 
Published: July 2014

The efficacy of a new live attenuated parvovirosis vaccine was tested in conventional ducklings against Derzsy's disease by comparing two vaccination regimens. Ducklings were vaccinated with either one injection at 17 days of age or two injections at 1 and 17 days of age. Controls and vaccinated ducklings were challenged with a virulent Derzsy strain at 21 days of age (day 20). Weight was measured on days 20, 34 and 42/43. Surviving birds were necropsied on day 42/43. Protection rates were significantly higher in the groups vaccinated once (90 per cent, P=0.003) and twice (95 per cent, P<0.001) than in the control group (59 per cent). The bodyweight was significantly higher in both vaccinated groups than in the control group on day 34 (P=0.008 and P<0.001, respectively) and day 42/43 (P<0.001 for both groups). The growth was significantly higher in the group vaccinated twice than the group vaccinated once on day 34 (P=0.047) and day 42/43 (P=0.017). Both vaccination regimens provided a quick onset of immunity. The higher weight gain in the group vaccinated twice suggests that an early vaccination at hatchery followed by a second injection at 17 days of age is an optimal and practical schedule to prevent parvovirosis.
General considerations and highlights of low-lying coastal zones: passive continental margins from the poles to the tropics
Authors: Martini I. Peter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This Special Publication presents 23 papers that examine comparable, predominantly siliciclastic coastal zones of low-lying passive trailing-continental margins (primarily east Americas) from polar areas to the equator. The objective is to establish similarities and major differences among them. This introductory paper outlines major contributions of the various papers, but will also highlight coastal differences and briefly add information not fully treated by others. This is done in three parts: (a) some basic concepts are stressed, such as the importance of ‘coastal zone’ (total landscape) in the north–south comparison and the variable climates; (b) a review is made of the component materials of the coasts, such as difference in sediments owing to source rocks, weathering and geological history (glaciations), and in flora and fauna such as burrowing organisms; and (c) a few classical examples are reported from warm zones, such as Galveston Island and the Sapelo Island marshes, but the focus is on less well-known environments of cold areas – those most impacted by climate change. Each component of the coastal zone can develop diagnostic characteristics, but the entire assemblage of sedimentary and biological features is what uniquely defines present environments and allows identification of ancient coastal zones.
Multi-scale X-ray tomography analysis of carbonate porosity
Authors: Hebert V. , Garing C. , Luquot L. , Pezard P. A. , Gouze P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

The porosity (from values of <1% up to more than 50%, with a mean value of 36.5%) and permeability (from very low values to 20.4 D, with a mean value around 800 mD) of 38 plugs, with a diameter 40 mm, have been measured. These plugs were taken approximately every 1.5 m along a 100 m-long core, sampling a series of reefal carbonate platform lithofacies. A non-unique relationship between porosity and permeability is obtained. In addition, the porosity was measured from processing X-ray micro-tomography images with resolutions ranging from 0.42 to 190.0 µm and sampling volumes ranging from less than 1 µm
3
to few cm
3
. Depending on the structure of the pore network, the computed porosity is, in some cases, controlled by the X-ray image resolution and the sampled volume. While high resolution is required to image micro-porous material, large samples with lower resolution images are necessary for identifying distributed vugs and millimetre-scale structures. This study shows that multi-resolution X-ray micro-tomography is an effective tool for characterizing the multi-scale pore structure of carbonate rocks and understanding how it may control key petrophysical parameters such as porosity and permeability.
Calcite dissolution rates in texturally diverse calcareous rocks
Authors: Levenson Yael , Schiller May , Kreisserman Yevgeny , Emmanuel Simon 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The injection of reactive fluids into carbonate reservoirs during enhanced recovery operations can induce important changes in rock permeability. However, reliably predicting these changes requires accurate knowledge of calcite reaction rates. While numerous studies have examined calcium carbonate dissolution rates, most have focused on pure calcite crystals rather than actual rocks. In this study, two types of flow-through experiments were carried out to determine the calcite dissolution rates in texturally diverse calcareous rocks: the first type of experiment had a duration of 3 days, while the second type ran for 3 months. Our experiments show that rocks with differing textures and roughness (samples included coarse-grained oolitic limestone, fine-grained Solnhofen limestone, marble and calcite spar) do in fact dissolve by different mechanisms. However, despite these differences, bulk reaction rates were found to be remarkably similar (with a relative standard deviation of <20%) and consistent with previously reported reaction rates for calcite. Thus, our results suggest that textural differences between rock types are unlikely to have an important impact on overall reaction rates in fractured carbonate reservoirs.
Natural stone in the built heritage of the interior of Brazil: the use of stone in Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa A. G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The cultural heritage of Brazil built with natural stone is expressive and shows a great variety of rock types. The main differences between rock types are found when a comparison is made between the buildings located in the coastal zone and those located inland. In historical cities located on the coast, European limestones were widely used. Within the Brazilian interior, especially in the current State of Minas Gerais, a large number of historic buildings can be noticed. In this State, despite the large volumes of granites and gneisses and other less common rock types such as gabbros, basalts and sandstones, steatite and different types of schist, beside quartzites, were the rock types most commonly used in the construction of those 18th- and 19th-century buildings. This paper focuses on the extent and quality based on the use of steatites and schists in historic buildings in Brazil, which is part of a research project in progress. Assembled data justifies the inclusion of these rocks in the database on the rocks of world cultural heritage. The advancement of these studies may contribute to the maintenance and preservation of this heritage and the appropriate new uses of these rocks, as well as to propose some of them as Global Heritage Stone Resource for their international recognition.
Calculating anisotropic piezoelectric properties from texture data using the
MTEX
open source package
Authors: Mainprice David , Bachmann Florian , Hielscher Ralf , Schaeben Helmut , Lloyd Geoffrey E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

This paper presents the background for the calculation of anisotropic piezoelectric properties of single crystals and the graphical display of the results in two or three dimensions, and the calculation of the aggregate properties from constituent crystals and the texture of the aggregate in a coherent manner. The texture data can be obtained from a wide range of sources, including pole figure diffraction and single orientation measurements (electron backscattered diffraction, electron channelling pattern, Laue Pattern, optical microscope universal-stage). We consider the elastic wave propagation in piezoelectric crystals as an example of the interaction of electrical (2nd rank tensor), piezoelectric (3rd rank tensor) and elastic properties (4th rank tensor). In particular, we give explicit formulae for the calculation of the Voigt averaged tensor from individual orientations or from an orientation distribution function. For the latter we consider numerical integration and an approach based on the expansion into spherical harmonics. We illustrate the methods using single crystals, polycrystalline quartz measured using electron channelling patterns and ideal Curie limiting groups applied to quartz aggregates. This paper also serves as a reference paper for the mathematical tensor capabilities of the texture analysis software
MTEX
.
Runx2 Is a Novel Regulator of Mammary Epithelial Cell Fate in Development and Breast Cancer
Authors: Owens Thomas W. , Rogers Renee L. , Best Sarah A. , Ledger Anita , Mooney Anne-Marie , Ferguson Alison , Shore Paul , Swarbrick Alexander , Ormandy Christopher J. , Simpson Peter T. , Carroll Jason S. , Visvader Jane E. , Naylor Matthew J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Regulators of differentiated cell fate can offer targets for managing cancer development and progression. Here, we identify Runx2 as a new regulator of epithelial cell fate in mammary gland development and breast cancer. Runx2 is expressed in the epithelium of pregnant mice in a strict temporally and hormonally regulated manner. During pregnancy, Runx2 genetic deletion impaired alveolar differentiation in a manner that disrupted alveolar progenitor cell populations. Conversely, exogenous transgenic expression of Runx2 in mammary epithelial cells blocked milk production, suggesting that the decrease in endogenous Runx2 observed late in pregnancy is necessary for full differentiation. In addition, overexpression of Runx2 drove epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–like changes in normal mammary epithelial cells, whereas Runx2 deletion in basal breast cancer cells inhibited cellular phenotypes associated with tumorigenesis. Notably, loss of Runx2 expression increased tumor latency and enhanced overall survival in a mouse model of breast cancer, with Runx2-deficient tumors exhibiting reduced cell proliferation. Together, our results establish a previously unreported function for Runx2 in breast cancer that may offer a novel generalized route for therapeutic interventions. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5277–86. ©2014 AACR.
Monitoring Reversal of MET-Mediated Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]-Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Iommelli Francesca , De Rosa Viviana , Gargiulo Sara , Panico Mariarosaria , Monti Marcello , Greco Adelaide , Gramanzini Matteo , Ortosecco Giovanni , Fonti Rosa , Brunetti Arturo , Del Vecchio Silvana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Purpose: MET amplification is one of the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we tested whether 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) can detect MET-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs and monitor the effects of MET inhibitors in NSCLC.
Experimental Design: H1993 and H820 NSCLC cells with high and low levels of MET amplification, respectively, and HCC827-expressing MET, but without gene amplification, were tested for the effects of MET inhibitors on the EGFR pathway and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Nude mice bearing NSCLCs with and without MET amplification were subjected to [18F]FLT PET/CT before and after treatment with crizotinib or erlotinib (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg p.o. for 3 days).
Results: H1993 cells showed high responsiveness to MET inhibitors and were resistant to erlotinib. Conversely, HCC827 cells showed high sensitivity to erlotinib and were resistant to MET inhibitors. Accordingly, H1993 tumors bearing MET amplification showed a mean reduction in [18F]FLT uptake of 28% and 41% after low- and high-dose treatment with crizotinib for 3 days, whereas no posttherapy changes of [18F]FLT uptake were observed in HCC827 tumors lacking MET amplification. Furthermore, a persistently high [18F]FLT uptake was observed in H1993 tumors after treatment with erlotinib, whereas HCC827 tumors showed up to 39% reduction of [18F]FLT uptake following erlotinib treatment. Imaging findings were confirmed by Ki67 immunostaining of tumor sections.
Conclusions: [18F]FLT PET/CT can detect MET-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs and its reversal by MET inhibitors in NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4806–15. ©2014 AACR.
BRCA2 and RAD51 Promote Double-Strand Break Formation and Cell Death in Response to Gemcitabine
Authors: Jones Rebecca M. , Kotsantis Panagiotis , Stewart Grant S. , Groth Petra , Petermann Eva 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Replication inhibitors cause replication fork stalling and double-strand breaks (DSB) that result from processing of stalled forks. During recovery from replication blocks, the homologous recombination (HR) factor RAD51 mediates fork restart and DSB repair. HR defects therefore sensitize cells to replication inhibitors, with clear implications for cancer therapy. Gemcitabine is a potent replication inhibitor used to treat cancers with mutations in HR genes such as BRCA2. Here, we investigate why, paradoxically, mutations in HR genes protect cells from killing by gemcitabine. Using DNA replication and DNA damage assays in mammalian cells, we show that even short gemcitabine treatments cause persistent replication inhibition. BRCA2 and RAD51 are recruited to chromatin early after removal of the drug, actively inhibit replication fork progression, and promote the formation of MUS81- and XPF-dependent DSBs that remain unrepaired. Our data suggest that HR intermediates formed at gemcitabine-stalled forks are converted into DSBs and thus contribute to gemcitabine-induced cell death, which could have implications for the treatment response of HR-deficient tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 2412–21. ©2014 AACR.
Systemic Delivery of a miR34a Mimic as a Potential Therapeutic for Liver Cancer
Authors: Daige Christopher L. , Wiggins Jason F. , Priddy Leslie , Nelligan-Davis Terri , Zhao Jane , Brown David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
miR34a is a tumor-suppressor miRNA that functions within the p53 pathway to regulate cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. With apparent roles in metastasis and cancer stem cell development, miR34a provides an interesting opportunity for therapeutic development. A mimic of miR34a was complexed with an amphoteric liposomal formulation and tested in two different orthotopic models of liver cancer. Systemic dosing of the formulated miR34a mimic increased the levels of miR34a in tumors by approximately 1,000-fold and caused statistically significant decreases in the mRNA levels of several miR34a targets. The administration of the formulated miR34a mimic caused significant tumor growth inhibition in both models of liver cancer, and tumor regression was observed in more than one third of the animals. The antitumor activity was observed in the absence of any immunostimulatory effects or dose-limiting toxicities. Accumulation of the formulated miR34a mimic was also noted in the spleen, lung, and kidney, suggesting the potential for therapeutic use in other cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 2352–60. ©2014 AACR.
Redirected T-Cell Killing of Solid Cancers Targeted with an Anti-CD3/Trop-2–Bispecific Antibody Is Enhanced in Combination with Interferon-α
Authors: Rossi Edmund A. , Rossi Diane L. , Cardillo Thomas M. , Chang Chien-Hsing , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Trop-2 has limited presence on normal tissues but is highly expressed in diverse epithelial cancers. (E1)-3s is a T-cell–redirecting trivalent bispecific antibody (bsAb), comprising an anti-CD3 scFv covalently linked to a stabilized dimer of a Trop-2–targeting Fab using Dock-and-Lock. We show for the first time that bsAb-mediated bidirectional trogocytosis occurs between target and T cells and involves immunologic synapses. We studied the effects of interferon-α (INFα) on (E1)-3s–mediated T-cell killing of human gastric and pancreatic cancer cell lines. T-cell activation, cytokine induction, and cytotoxicity were evaluated ex vivo using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or T cells with NCI-N87 gastric cancer as target cells. In vivo activity was assayed with NCI-N87 and Capan-1 (pancreatic) xenografts. In the presence of target cells and PBMCs, (E1)-3s did not cause excess cytokine production. When combined with (E1)-3s, peginterferonalfa-2a—which alone did not increase T-cell activation or raise cytokine levels over baseline—increased CD69 expression but did not significantly increase cytokine induction. (E1) 3s mediated a highly potent T-cell lysis of NCI-N87 target cells in vitro. Inclusion of peginterferonalfa-2a or a more potent form of INFα, 20*-2b, significantly potentiated the activity of (E1)-3s by more than 2.5- or 7-fold, respectively. In vivo, combining peginterferonalfa-2a with (E1)-3s delayed Capan-1 growth longer than each single agent. Similarly, combination therapy delayed tumor proliferation of NCI-N87 compared with (E1)-3s or peginterferonalfa-2a single-treatment groups. (E1)-3s effectively induced T-cell–mediated killing of Trop-2–expressing pancreatic and gastric cancers, which was enhanced with INFα. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 2341–51. ©2014 AACR.