bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of topical aluminum salt solution efficacy for management of sweating: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Swary Jillian H , West Dennis P , Kakar Rohit , Ortiz Sara , Schaeffer Matthew R , Veledar Emir , Alam Murad 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundThere is a lack of studies objectively comparing the efficacy of topical antiperspirants in reducing sweat.ObjectiveTo objectively and quantitatively compare the efficacy of two aluminum salt solutions for the reduction of induced sweating.MethodsA subject, rater, and statistician‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Nineteen subjects were exposed to a standardized heat challenge for 3 h. Topical agent A (20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate) was randomized to either axilla, and topical agent B (1% aluminum acetate) assigned to the contralateral side. A sauna suit induced sweating during three 30‐min heat intervals: (1) with no study agents (pre); (2) with both study agents, one on each side; and (3) after the agents were washed off (post). Sweat levels were measured by securing Whatman® filter paper to each axilla and measuring the paper weight after each heat interval. The difference in paper weight following each heat interval between Study Agent A and Study Agent B was measured by a gravimetric scale.ResultsTopical agent A had a significantly greater effect at reducing axillary sweating than B (P = 0.0002).ConclusionIn a sweating simulation, 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate quantitatively and objectively appeared to reduce sweat more effectively than 1% aluminum acetate.
Prognostic value of human epididymis protein 4 in endometrial cancer and its utility for surgical staging
Authors: Minar Lubos , Klabenesova Ivanka , Jandakova Eva , Zlamal Filip , Bienertova‐Vasku Julie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimAn optimal surgical staging in the group of patients with the high‐risk type of endometrial cancer is often limited by age and serious internal comorbidities. Therefore, in this study we focused on human epididymis protein 4 and its contribution to the preoperative differentiation of prognostically distinct groups of patients and to individualized surgical treatment as compared with cancer antigen (CA) 125 and imaging methods.Material and MethodsThe study included 115 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma diagnosed through endometrial biopsy. Before the final operation, blood sampling was performed for the determination of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and CA125 levels. Serum levels of both biomarkers were analyzed in relation to individual prognostic factors (stage of disease, depth of myometrial invasion, tumor grade, risk type of disease).ResultsIn the case of HE4, we demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between patients with low and high risk of the disease. In our model, achieving the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity, HE4 shows a sensitivity of 72.4% and a specificity of 75.4% for the cut‐off 76.5 pmol/L and is a better predictor in distinguishing the high‐risk patients than CA125 (area under the curve 0.77 for HE vs 0.71 for CA125).ConclusionHE4 is a marker that could complement the findings of imaging techniques and that may be useful in decision‐making on how to individualize surgical staging. The possibility of its introduction as an independent marker in routine practice remains, at the moment however, limited. The optimal cut‐off for HE4 has not been established yet and further studies are needed.
Efficacy of multiple microwave endometrial ablation technique for menorrhagia resulting from adenomyosis
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Nakayama Kentaro , Ishikawa Masako , Katagiri Hiroshi , Katagiri Atsuko , Ishibashi Tomoka , Sato Emi , Asakawa Yasuyuki , Kyo Satoru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimConventional microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) can be insufficient to control menorrhagia resulting from adenomyosis. We compared the standard single ablation technique with multiple MEA – repeating ablation three times in the same region – in patients with adenomyosis and menorrhagia.Material and MethodsWe performed single MEA in 18 patients and multiple MEA in seven patients between 2007 and 2013. We compared the efficacy of single and multiple MEA using a visual analog scale (VAS) for menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and patient satisfaction. We also evaluated the incidence of menorrhagia recurrence, amenorrhea, and procedure complications in relation to patients' clinical factors.ResultsVAS scores for improved menorrhagia and patient satisfaction were significantly higher in the multiple MEA group than in the single MEA group; however, the operative time was longer in the multiple‐treatment group. There were no statistical differences between groups in hemoglobin levels, VAS improvement for dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia recurrence, frequency of complications, or amenorrhea rate.ConclusionMultiple MEA successfully controls menorrhagia from adenomyosis and achieves a higher satisfaction rate than single MEA.
Continuous and long‐term treatment is more important than dosage for the protective effect of thiazide use on bone metabolism and fracture risk
Authors: Kruse C. , Eiken P. , Vestergaard P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundData from observational studies have suggested that thiazide diuretics protect against fractures. Few studies have investigated time frames from initiation of treatment to fracture occurrence.ObjectiveTo evaluate the time to spinal, hip, femur, wrist and upper extremity fracture occurrence before and after thiazide exposure.MethodsA matched retrospective cohort study of patient information from national Danish patient databases was conducted. Patients with reimbursed prescriptions for noncompounded thiazide diuretics with potassium supplementation (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system code C03AB) between 1996 and 2011 were matched with nonexposed control subjects by date of birth and gender. Weekly odds ratios (ORs) of fracture occurrence and total incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of fracture risk were calculated for the periods before treatment initiation, weeks 1–42 and weeks 43–780.ResultsA total of 1 602 141 ‘thiazide exposure periods’ (46 8271 individuals) and 1 530 233 ‘nonexposure periods’ (655 399 individuals) were included in the analysis. Thiazide use was associated with factors of increased de novo fracture risk. Weekly adjusted fracture risk between exposure and nonexposure was increased prior to commencing thiazide therapy, further increasing from weeks 1–42 weeks and then decreasing gradually from weeks 43–780. There was a decreasing trend in total age‐adjusted risk during these periods: IRR [95% confidence interval 1.44 [1.42; 1.47], 1.27 [1.24; 1.29] and 1.14 [1.11; 1.18], respectively. Prescription patterns showed several treatment breaks amongst thiazide users.ConclusionsIt appears that thiazides reduce the background risk of fracture that is increased prior to commencing therapy. Long duration and continuity of thiazide exposure seems to be important to obtain this protective effect on fracture risk, but we have found in this study that this approach is not always used in clinical practice.
A comparison of postrelease survival parameters between single and mass stranded delphinids from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Authors: Sharp Sarah M. , Harry Charles T. , Hoppe Jane M. , Moore Kathleen M. , Niemeyer Misty E. , Robinson Ian , Rose Kathryn S. , Sharp W. Brian , Landry Scott , Richardson Jessica , Moore Michael J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe viability of healthy single stranded dolphins as immediate release candidates has received little attention. Responders have been reluctant to release lone delphinids due to their social needs, even when they pass the same health evaluations as mass stranded animals. This study tracked postrelease success of 34 relocated and released satellite tagged delphinids from single and mass strandings. Three postrelease survival parameters (transmission duration, swim speed, and daily distance) were examined to evaluate whether they differed among single stranded/single released (SS/SR), mass stranded/single released (MS/SR), or mass stranded/mass released (MS/MR) dolphin groups. Comparisons were also made between healthy and borderline release candidates. Satellite tags transmitted for a mean of 21.2 d (SD = 19.2, range = 1–79), daily distance traveled was 42.0 km/d (11.25, 20.96–70.72), and swim speed was 4.3 km/h (1.1, 2.15–8.54). Postrelease parameters did not differ between health status groups, however, SS/SR dolphins transmitted for a shorter mean duration than MS/MR and MS/SR groups. Postrelease vessel‐based surveys confirmed conspecific group location for two healthy, MS/SR dolphins. Overall, these results support the potential to release healthy stranded single delphinids; however, further refinement of health assessment protocols for these challenging cases is needed.
The use of colonic and anorectal high‐resolution manometry and its place in clinical work and in research
Authors: Dinning P. G. , Carrington E. V. , Scott S. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn the esophagus, high‐resolution manometry (HRM) has become a standard diagnostic tool in the investigation of suspected motility disorders. However, at the opposite end of the digestive tract (i.e., the colon and anorectum), the use of HRM still remains in its infancy, with relatively few published studies in the scientific literature. Further, the clinical utility of those studies that have been performed is largely undetermined.PurposeThis review assesses all of the HRM studies published to date from both the colon and anorectum, explores the catheter types used, and attempts to determine the worth of HRM over traditional ‘low‐resolution’ recordings from the same regions. Ultimately, this review addresses whether HRM currently provides information that will benefit patient diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on Haemonchus contortus larval motility in vitro
Authors: Holt R. M. , Shepherd E. A. , Ammer A. G. , Bowdridge S. A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe objective of this experiment was to determine effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), derived from parasite‐resistant St. Croix (STC) and parasite‐susceptible Suffolk (SF) sheep, on motility of Haemonchus contortus L3 stage larvae in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 10 lambs of each breed, 5 naïve and 5 which had received a priming infection with H. contortus. Larval motility was quantified using a MIF Nikon Sweptfield microscope and NIS Elements AR software, and measurements included path length (PL) (μm), velocity (VEL) (μm/s) and acceleration (ACC) (μm/s2). After 18 h of incubation, PL and VEL were greatest in larvae cultured with SF‐derived PMBC and were significantly different from all other groups (P < 0·01). No difference was observed in PL or VEL between larvae exposed to naïve or primed STC‐derived PBMC and primed‐SF PBMC. Differences in ACC were detected between larvae cultured with primed STC‐derived PBMC (10·91 μm/s2) and naïve SF‐derived PBMC (45·7 μm/s2) (P = 0·035). These data indicate an innate ability of STC‐derived PBMC to severely inhibit larval motility.
Practical Case Application for Stress Model Validation and Enhancement by Means of Metrological Tools
Authors: Gutiérrez R. , Ramírez M. , Olmeda E. , Díaz V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModels consider ideal and simplified situations that will never be met in the real case. The process of comparing model predictions and experimental observation is in the basis of scientific research. This comparison is however complicated because of the uncertainties of the model input data and the difficulty to control the accuracy of the tests and to obtain a significant statistical sampling. Moreover, there isn't yet a consensus on a validation parameter. This paper presents a three‐step validation procedure that allows quantifying the application limits of a two‐dimensional stress model in a three‐dimensional situation. A global uncertainty model is calculated comprising the uncertainty of the model and also the uncertainty coming from the experimental results. The EN number, a statistical magnitude for interlaboratory comparisons, is used to analyse the compatibility between the experimental and theoretical results. Finally, a bootstrapping method is proposed to calculate the coverage interval of the sampling and determine if new experiments should be carried out. Numerical results of this new validation procedure are provided for the case under study. It is also demonstrated that the computed uncertainty budget can be a useful tool to enhance the two‐dimensional model by enlarging its uncertainty limits.
The Second Zambian National Tuberculosis Drug Resistance survey – a comparison of conventional and molecular methods
Authors: Kapata Nathan , Mbulo Grace , Cobelens Frank , de Haas Petra , Schaap Ab , Mwamba Pike , Mwanza Winnie , Muvwimi Mweemba , Muyoyeta Monde , Moyo Maureen , Mulenga Lutinala , Grobusch Martin P. , Godfrey‐Faussett Peter , Ayles Helen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of MDR‐TB in Zambia was estimated to be 1.8% in 2001. A second drug resistance survey was conducted in 2008 to determine trends; the use of the Genotype MTBDRplus assay was applied to compare results to the gold standard.MethodA two‐stage cluster sampling, with health facilities as primary sampling units. Processed sputum specimens were inoculated on solid media for culture; heat‐inactivated bacterial suspensions from sputum samples were tested on a commercial line probe assay for the identification of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance.ResultsA total of 917 patients with TB were enrolled and 883 (96.3%) analysed. A total of 574 (65%) had LJ results and 824 (93.3%) had results from MTBDRplus assay. The median age was 32, and 63.3% were males. MDR‐TB according to LJ‐based DST was 1.1% (CI 0.1–2.4) whereas according to MDTBDRplus assay was 1.6% (CI 0.6–2.6). Isoniazid monoresistance in new cases was 2.4% (CI 0.613–4.26) based on LJ results and 5.0% (CI 3.2–6.7) based on the MTBDRplus; in retreatment cases, it was 4.4% (CI 0.3–8.6) and 2.40% (CI <0.1–5.1) on LJ and MTBDRplus, respectively. Rifampicin monoresistance in new cases was 0.1% (CI <0.1–0.4) based on LJ and 0.6% (CI 0.01–1.1) based on the MTBDRplus; in retreatment cases, it was 0% (CI 0–3.8) and 1.8% (CI <0.1–4.0) on LJ and MTBDRplus, respectively. There were no XDR‐TB cases found and no association between MDR‐TB and HIV.ConclusionThere was no increase in MDR‐TB prevalence in Zambia from 2001 to 2008; results from the two methods were similar. Molecular methods were quicker and simpler to use.
Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis
Authors: Weerakoon Kosala G. A. D. , Gobert Geoffrey N. , Cai Pengfei , McManus Donald P. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.
Adenovirus E4-ORF3 Targets PIAS3 and Together with E1B-55K Remodels SUMO Interactions in the Nucleus and at Virus Genome Replication Domains
Authors: Higginbotham Jennifer M. , O'Shea Clodagh C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Adenovirus E4-ORF3 and E1B-55K converge in subverting critical overlapping cellular pathways to facilitate virus replication. Here, we show that E1B-55K and E4-ORF3 induce sumoylation and the assembly of SUMO2/3 viral genome replication domains. Using a conjugation-deficient SUMO2 construct, we demonstrate that SUMO2/3 is recruited to E2A viral genome replication domains through noncovalent interactions. E1B-55K and E4-ORF3 have critical functions in inactivating MRN and ATM to facilitate viral genome replication. We show that ATM kinase inhibitors rescue ΔE1B-55K/ΔE4-ORF3 viral genome replication and that the assembly of E2A domains recruits SUMO2/3 independently of E1B-55K and E4-ORF3. However, the morphology and organization of SUMO2/3-associated E2A domains is strikingly different from that in wild-type Ad5-infected cells. These data reveal that E1B-55K and E4-ORF3 specify the nuclear compartmentalization and structure of SUMO2/3-associated E2A domains, which could have important functions in viral replication. We show that E4-ORF3 specifically targets and sequesters the cellular E3 SUMO ligase PIAS3 but not PIAS1, PIAS2, or PIAS4. The assembly of E4-ORF3 into a multivalent nuclear matrix is required to target PIAS3. In contrast to MRN, PIAS3 is targeted by E4-ORF3 proteins from disparate adenovirus subgroups. Our studies reveal that PIAS3 is a novel and evolutionarily conserved target of E4-ORF3 in human adenovirus infections. Furthermore, we reveal that viral proteins not only disrupt but also usurp SUMO2/3 to transform the nucleus and assemble novel genomic domains that could facilitate pathological viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
SUMO is a key posttranslational modification that modulates the function, localization, and assembly of protein complexes. In the ever-escalating host-pathogen arms race, viruses have evolved strategies to subvert sumoylation. Adenovirus is a small DNA tumor virus that is a global human pathogen and key biomedical agent in basic research and therapy. We show that adenovirus infection induces global changes in SUMO localization and conjugation. Using virus and SUMO mutants, we demonstrate that E1B-55K and E4-ORF3 disrupt and usurp SUMO2/3 interactions to transform the nucleus and assemble highly structured and compartmentalized viral genome domains. We reveal that the cellular E3 SUMO ligase PIAS3 is a novel and conserved target of E4-ORF3 proteins from disparate adenovirus subgroups. The induction of sumoylation and SUMO2/3 viral replication domains by early viral proteins could play an important role in determining the outcome of viral infection.
Vaccinia Virus B1 Kinase Is Required for Postreplicative Stages of the Viral Life Cycle in a BAF-Independent Manner in U2OS Cells
Authors: Jamin Augusta , Ibrahim Nouhou , Wicklund April , Weskamp Kaitlin , Wiebe Matthew S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
The vaccinia virus B1R gene encodes a highly conserved protein kinase that is essential for the poxviral life cycle. As demonstrated in many cell types, B1 plays a critical role during viral DNA replication when it inactivates the cellular host defense effector barrier to autointegration factor (BAF or BANF1). To better understand the role of B1 during infection, we have characterized the growth of a B1-deficient temperature-sensitive mutant virus (Cts2 virus) in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. In contrast to all other cell lines tested to date, we found that in U2OS cells, Cts2 viral DNA replication is unimpaired at the nonpermissive temperature. However, the Cts2 viral yield in these cells was reduced more than 10-fold, thus indicating that B1 is required at another stage of the vaccinia virus life cycle. Our results further suggest that the host defense function of endogenous BAF may be absent in U2OS cells but can be recovered through either overexpression of BAF or fusion of U2OS cells with mouse cells in which the antiviral function of BAF is active. Interestingly, examination of late viral proteins during Cts2 virus infection demonstrated that B1 is required for optimal processing of the L4 protein. Finally, execution point analyses as well as electron microscopy studies uncovered a role for B1 during maturation of poxviral virions. Overall, this work demonstrates that U2OS cells are a novel model system for studying the cell type-specific regulation of BAF and reveals a role for B1 beyond DNA replication during the late stages of the viral life cycle.

IMPORTANCE
The most well characterized role for the vaccinia virus B1 kinase is to facilitate viral DNA replication by phosphorylating and inactivating BAF, a cellular host defense responsive to foreign DNA. Additional roles for B1 later in the viral life cycle have been postulated for decades but are difficult to examine directly due to the importance of B1 during DNA replication. Here, we demonstrate that in U2OS cells, a B1 mutant virus escapes the block in DNA replication observed in other cell types and, instead, this mutant virus exhibits impaired late protein accumulation and incomplete maturation of new virions. These data provide the clearest evidence to date that B1 is needed for multiple critical junctures in the poxviral life cycle in a manner that is both dependent on and independent of BAF.
RIG-I Mediates an Antiviral Response to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Authors: Spengler Jessica R. , Patel Jenish R. , Chakrabarti Ayan K. , Zivcec Marko , García-Sastre Adolfo , Spiropoulou Christina F. , Bergeron Éric 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In the cytoplasm, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses the RNA genomes of several RNA viruses. RIG-I binds to viral RNA, eliciting an antiviral response via the cellular adaptor MAVS. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a negative-sense RNA virus with a 5′-monophosphorylated genome, is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent with significant public health implications. We found that, during CCHFV infection, RIG-I mediated a type I interferon (IFN) response via MAVS. Interfering with RIG-I signaling reduced IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression and increased viral replication. Immunostimulatory RNA was isolated from CCHFV-infected cells and from virion preparations, and RIG-I coimmunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates isolated immunostimulatory CCHFV RNA. This report serves as the first description of a pattern recognition receptor for CCHFV and highlights a critical signaling pathway in the antiviral response to CCHFV.

IMPORTANCE
CCHFV is a tick-borne virus with a significant public health impact. In order for cells to respond to virus infection, they must recognize the virus as foreign and initiate antiviral signaling. To date, the receptors involved in immune recognition of CCHFV are not known. Here, we investigate and identify RIG-I as a receptor involved in initiating an antiviral response to CCHFV. This receptor initially was not expected to play a role in CCHFV recognition because of characteristics of the viral genome. These findings are important in understanding the antiviral response to CCHFV and support continued investigation into the spectrum of potential viruses recognized by RIG-I.