bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimuli‐responsive diblock copolymer brushes via combination of “click chemistry” and living radical polymerization
Authors: Demirci Serkan , Kinali‐Demirci Selin , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTpH‐ and temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐block−4‐vinylbenzoic acid) (poly(NIPAAm‐b‐VBA)) diblock copolymer brushes on silicon wafers have been successfully prepared by combining click reaction, single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP), and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Azide‐terminated poly(NIPAAm) brushes were obtained by SET‐LRP followed by reaction with sodium azide. A click reaction was utilized to exchange the azide end group of a poly(NIPAAm) brushes to form a surface‐immobilized macro‐RAFT agent, which was successfully chain extended via RAFT polymerization to produce poly(NIPAAm‐b‐VBA) brushes. The addition of sacrificial initiator and/or chain‐transfer agent permitted the formation of well‐defined diblock copolymer brushes and free polymer chains in solution. The free polymer chains were isolated and used to estimate the molecular weights and polydispersity index of chains attached to the surface. Ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, grazing angle‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the immobilization of initiator on the silicon wafer, poly(NIPAAm) brush formation via SET‐LRP, click reaction, and poly(NIPAAm‐b‐VBA) brush formation via RAFT polymerization. The poly(NIPAAm‐b‐VBA) brushes demonstrate stimuli‐responsive behavior with respect to pH and temperature. The swollen brush thickness of poly(NIPAAm‐b‐VBA) brush increases with increasing pH, and decreases with increasing temperature. These results can provide guidance for the design of smart materials based on copolymer brushes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2677–2685
Synthesis of a benzoxazine with precisely two phenolic OH linkages and the properties of its high‐performance copolymers
Authors: Hsuan Lin Ching , Feng Yu Ren , Dai Kang Hong , Chang Hou Chien , Juang Tzong Yuan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA phenolic OH‐containing benzoxazine (F‐ap), which cannot be directly synthesized from the condensation of bisphenol F, aminophenol, and formaldehyde by traditional procedures, has been successfully prepared in our alternative synthetic approach. F‐ap was prepared by three steps including (a) condensation of 4‐aminophenol and 5,5'‐methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1), (b) reduction of the resulting imine linkage by sodium borohydride, and (c) ring closure condensation by formaldehyde. The key starting material, (1), was prepared from 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and s‐trioxane in the presence of sulfuric acid. F‐ap is structurally similar to bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)methane (F‐a, a commercial benzoxazine based on bisphenol F/aniline/formaldehyde) except for two phenolic OHs. The phenolic OHs can provide reaction sites with epoxy and 1,1'‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI). The structure–property relationships between the thermosets of F‐ap/epoxy, F‐a/epoxy, F‐ap/BMI, and F‐a/BMI were discussed. Experimental data showed that thermosets based on F‐ap/epoxy and F‐ap/BMI provided much better thermal properties than those based on F‐a/epoxy and F‐a/BMI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2686–2694
Synthesis of imidazole‐terminated hyperbranched polymers with POSS‐branching points and their pH responsive and coordination properties
Authors: Irie Yasuyuki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAn imidazole‐terminated hyperbranched polymer with octafunctional POSS branching units denoted as POSS‐HYPAM‐Im was prepared by the polymerization of excess amounts of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine with the first‐generation methyl ester‐terminated POSS‐core poly(amidoamine)‐typed dendrimer, reacting with methyl acrylate, and ester‐amide exchange reaction with 3‐aminopropylimidazole. The imidazole‐terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) denoted as HYPAM‐Im was also synthesized with 1‐(3‐aminopropyl)imidazole from a methyl ester‐terminated hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) by the ester‐amide exchange reaction. The transmittance of the POSS‐HYPAM‐Im solution drastically decreased when the solution pH was greater than 8.2. On the other hand, the transmittance of the HYPAM‐Im solution gradually decreased when the solution pH at 8.5 and was greater than 9. Spectrophotometric titrations of the hyperbranched polymer aqueous solutions with Cu2+ ions indicated the variation of the coordination modes of POSS‐HYPAM‐Im from the Cu2+–N4 complex to the Cu2+–N2O2 complex and the existence of the only one complexation mode of Cu2+–N4 between Cu2+ ion and HYPAM‐Im with increasing the concentrations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2695–2701
Turbogeneratorfundamente als schwingende Stäbe in einem elastischen Medium
Authors: Herzog M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, wie einfach die Schwingungen der immer länger werdenden Turbogeneratorfundamente mit einem neuen Rechenmodell in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem gemessenen Verhalten vorausgesagt werden können.
Das Sicherheitskonzept bei Klöppel
Authors: Maier W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWenn man erst das Hemmnis der Sprache und Terminologie jener Zeit überwunden hat, dann zeigt sich Klöppel als Vorreiter und Prophet des zeitgenössischen Sicherheitskonzeptes. Er hat das Ende des Konzeptes mit globalem Sicherheitsbeiwert, das eng mit dem Konzept der zulässigen Spannungen verbunden ist, angekündigt und das heute verwendete Konzept mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten vorgeschlagen. Er sah in diesem Konzept die Voraussetzung für die angemessene Berücksichtigung wirklichkeitsnaher Grenzzustände und darüber hinaus für den Fortschritt der Bauweise überhaupt. Umfassend und teilweise in erstaunlicher Tiefe hat er die Einflüsse auf die Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte zusammengetragen. Er hat den stochastischen Charakter von Einflußgrößen erkannt und in der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie das Werkzeug für ihre angemessene Berücksichtigung gesehen. Klöppel war auf diesem Gebiet seiner Zeit voraus. Seine grundlegenden Gedanken zum zukünftigen Sicherheitskonzept mußte er mit dem heute irreführenden, damals aber wohl attraktiven Schlagwort "zulässige Spannung" an den Hörer bzw. den Leser bringen. Deshalb, so ist zu vermuten, widerspiegelt sich seine Vorreiterrolle so schwach in der Literatur.
Thermovision ‐ Entwicklung eines neuen Verfahrens zur Dehnungsanalyse beanspruchter Stahlbauteile
Authors: Pasternak H. , Müller L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMessungen der Dehnung können mit konventionellen Dehnmeßstreifen (DMS) durchgeführt werden. Wenn sich das Tragverhalten dem Versagenszustand nähert, haben DMS den Nachteil, vorzeitig auszufallen (insbesondere im überkritischen bzw. Fließ‐ und Verfestigungsbereich). Das Thermovisionsverfahren dient zur Dehnungsanalyse beanspruchter Stahlbauteile bis in den Versagenszustand hinein. Zunächst werden für monoton und zyklisch beanspruchte Basisproben mit unterschiedlichen strukturellen und geometrischen Imperfektionen (z. B. Schweißnaht bzw. Kerbe) Wegänderungen und Temperatur bis zum Versagenszustand aufgenommen. Begleitend werden FE‐Simulationen durchgeführt und die zu den gemessenen Temperaturen korrespondierenden Dehnungen ermittelt. Dadurch kann das thermoplastische Verhalten des untersuchten Materials (S235) bestimmt werden. Als weitere Anwendung des Thermovisionsverfahrens erfolgte die Untersuchung des Tragverhaltens an komplexen Bauteilen: Rosettenverbindungen, Hohlkastenträger mit schlanken Stegen, Kopfplattenverbindungen, Wellstegträger mit Konsolen.
Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation: impact on signaling and relevance to critical illness
Authors: Mattick John S. A. , Kamisoglu Kubra , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. , Androulakis Ioannis P. , Berthiaume Francois 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe changes that occur in mammalian systems following trauma and sepsis, termed systemic inflammatory response syndrome, elicit major changes in carbohydrate, protein, and energy metabolism. When these events persist for too long they result in a severe depletion of lean body mass, multiple organ dysfunction, and eventually death. Nutritional supplementation has been investigated to offset the severe loss of protein, and recent evidence suggests that diets enriched in branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) may be especially beneficial. BCAAs are metabolized in two major steps that are differentially expressed in muscle and liver. In muscle, BCAAs are reversibly transaminated to the corresponding α‐keto acids. For the complete degradation of BCAAs, the α‐keto acids must travel to the liver to undergo oxidation. The liver, in contrast to muscle, does not significantly express the branched‐chain aminotransferase. Thus, BCAA degradation is under the joint control of both liver and muscle. Recent evidence suggests that in liver, BCAAs may perform signaling functions, more specifically via activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, influencing a wide variety of metabolic and synthetic functions, including protein translation, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress following severe injury and infection. However, understanding of the system‐wide effects of BCAAs that integrate both metabolic and signaling aspects is currently lacking. Further investigation in this respect will help rationalize the design and optimization of nutritional supplements containing BCAAs for critically ill patients. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:449–460. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1219This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
E-learning any time any place anywhere on mobile devices
Authors: Eggermont Sylvia , Bloemendaal Peter M. , Van Baalen Jary M. 
Published: March 2013

The registered screen resolution of e-learning study moments in
MedicalEducation.nl was used in this research to investigate the readiness of students
and medical professionals to study e-learning on a mobile device. Between January 2008
and September 2012 the use of e-learning on a mobile device by students has quintupled
to 2.29 %, while medical professionals lag behind in this development. If the use of
mobile devices for e-learning is better supported, a rapid further increase should be
anticipated. Further research on the desire of both students and medical professionals
to study e-learning on a mobile device should be conducted.
Team-Based Learning Exercise Efficiently Teaches Brief Intervention Skills to Medicine Residents
Authors: Wamsley Maria A. , Julian Katherine A. , O'Sullivan Patricia , McCance-Katz Elinore F. , Batki Steven L. , Satre Derek D. , Satterfield Jason 
Published: March 2013

Background Evaluations of substance use screening and brief intervention (SBI) curricula typically focus on learner attitudes and knowledge, although effects on clinical skills are of greater interest and utility. Moreover, these curricula often require large amounts of training time and teaching resources. This study examined whether a 3-hour SBI curriculum for internal medicine residents utilizing a team-based learning (TBL) format is effective for SBI skills as measured by a standardized patient (SP) assessment. Methods A waitlist-controlled design was employed. Results Twenty-four postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) and PGY-3 residents participated in a SP assessment prior to the TBL session (waitlist control group) and 32 participated in a SP assessment after the TBL session (intervention group). The intervention residents demonstrated better brief intervention skills than waitlist control residents, but there were no differences between the groups in screening and assessment skills. Residents receiving the TBL curriculum prior to the SP assessment reported increased confidence in all SBI skills. Conclusion Findings indicate that a brief educational intervention can improve brief intervention skills. However, more intensive education may be needed to improve substance use screening and assessment.
Density-based hierarchical clustering of pyro-sequences on a large scale—the case of fungal ITS1
Authors: Pagni Marco , Niculita-Hirzel Hélène , Pellissier Loïc , Dubuis Anne , Xenarios Ioannis , Guisan Antoine , Sanders Ian R. , Goudet Jérôme , Guex Nicolas 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Analysis of millions of pyro-sequences is currently playing a crucial role in the advance of environmental microbiology. Taxonomy-independent, i.e. unsupervised, clustering of these sequences is essential for the definition of Operational Taxonomic Units. For this application, reproducibility and robustness should be the most sought after qualities, but have thus far largely been overlooked.
Results: More than 1 million hyper-variable internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of fungal origin have been analyzed. The ITS1 sequences were first properly extracted from 454 reads using generalized profiles. Then, otupipe, cd-hit-454, ESPRIT-Tree and DBC454, a new algorithm presented here, were used to analyze the sequences. A numerical assay was developed to measure the reproducibility and robustness of these algorithms. DBC454 was the most robust, closely followed by ESPRIT-Tree. DBC454 features density-based hierarchical clustering, which complements the other methods by providing insights into the structure of the data.
Availability: An executable is freely available for non-commercial users at ftp://ftp.vital-it.ch/tools/dbc454. It is designed to run under MPI on a cluster of 64-bit Linux machines running Red Hat 4.x, or on a multi-core OSX system.
Contact: dbc454@vital-it.ch or nicolas.guex@isb-sib.ch
FishingCNV: a graphical software package for detecting rare copy number variations in exome-sequencing data
Authors: Shi Yuhao , Majewski Jacek 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are frequent causes of genetic diseases. We developed a graphical software package based on a novel approach that can consistently identify CNVs of all types (homozygous deletions, heterozygous deletions, heterozygous duplications) from exome-sequencing data without the need of a paired control. The algorithm compares coverage depth in a test sample against a background distribution of control samples and uses principal component analysis to remove batch effects. It is user friendly and can be run on a personal computer.
Availability and implementation: The main scripts are implemented in R (2.15), and the GUI is created using Java 1.6. It can be run on all major operating systems. A non-GUI version for pipeline implementation is also available. The program is freely available online:https://sourceforge.net/projects/fishingcnv/
Contact: yuhao.shi@mail.mcgill.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1‐year follow‐up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC‐HF Pilot)
Authors: Maggioni Aldo P. , Dahlström Ulf , Filippatos Gerasimos , Chioncel Ovidiu , Leiro Marisa Crespo , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Fruhwald Friedrich , Gullestad Lars , Logeart Damien , Fabbri Gianna , Urso Renato , Metra Marco , Parissis John , Persson Hans , Ponikowski Piotr , Rauchhaus Mathias , Voors Adriaan A. , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Zannad Faiez , Tavazzi Luigi ,   on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA)
Published: March 2013

AimsThe ESC‐HF Pilot survey was aimed to describe clinical epidemiology and 1‐year outcomes of outpatients and inpatients with heart failure (HF). The pilot phase was also specifically aimed at validating structure, performance, and quality of the data set for continuing the survey into a permanent Registry.MethodsThe ESC‐HF Pilot study is a prospective, multicentre, observational survey conducted in 136 Cardiology Centres in 12 European countries selected to represent the different health systems across Europe. All outpatients with HF and patients admitted for acute HF on 1 day per week for eight consecutive months were included. From October 2009 to May 2010, 5118 patients were included: 1892 (37%) admitted for acute HF and 3226 (63%) patients with chronic HF. The all‐cause mortality rate at 1 year was 17.4% in acute HF and 7.2% in chronic stable HF. One‐year hospitalization rates were 43.9% and 31.9%, respectively, in hospitalized acute and chronic HF patients. Major regional differences in 1‐year mortality were observed that could be explained by differences in characteristics and treatment of the patients.ConclusionThe ESC‐HF Pilot survey confirmed that acute HF is still associated with a very poor medium‐term prognosis, while the widespread adoption of evidence‐based treatments in patients with chronic HF seems to have improved their outcome profile. Differences across countries may be due to different local medical practice as well to differences in healthcare systems. This pilot study also offered the opportunity to refine the organizational structure for a long‐term extended European network.
Size distribution of Parkfield's microearthquakes reflects changes in surface creep rate
Authors: Tormann T. , Wiemer S. , Metzger S. , Michael A. , Hardebeck J. L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe nucleation area of the series of M6 events in Parkfield has been shown to be characterized by low b-values throughout the seismic cycle. Since low b-values represent high differential stresses, the asperity structure seems to be always stably stressed and even unaffected by the latest main shock in 2004. However, because fault loading rates and applied shear stress vary with time, some degree of temporal variability of the b-value within stable blocks is to be expected. We discuss in this study adequate techniques and uncertainty treatment for a detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of b-values. We show that the derived signal for the Parkfield asperity correlates with changes in surface creep, suggesting a sensitive time resolution of the b-value stress meter, and confirming near-critical loading conditions within the Parkfield asperity.
Racial Disparities in Operative Procedure Time
Authors: Silber Jeffrey H. , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Ross Richard N. , Even-Shoshan Orit , Kelz Rachel R. , Neuman Mark D. , Reinke Caroline E. , Ludwig Justin M. , Kyle Fabienne A. , Bratzler Dale W. , Fleisher Lee A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Using Pennsylvania Medicare claims from 1995 to 1996, the authors previously reported that anesthesia procedure length appears longer in blacks than whites. In a new study using a different and larger data set, the authors now examine whether body mass index (BMI), not available in Medicare claims, explains this difference. The authors also examine the relative contributions of surgical and anesthesia times.Methods:The Obesity and Surgical Outcomes Study of 47 hospitals throughout Illinois, New York, and Texas abstracted chart information including BMI on elder Medicare patients (779 blacks and 14,596 whites) undergoing hip and knee replacement and repair, colectomy, and thoracotomy between 2002 and 2006. The authors matched all black Medicare patients to comparable whites and compared procedure lengths.Results:Mean BMI in the black and white populations was 30.24 and 28.96 kg/m2, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). After matching on age, sex, procedure, comorbidities, hospital, and BMI, mean white BMI in the comparison group was 30.1 kg/m2 (P = 0.94). The typical matched pair difference (black–white) in anesthesia (induction to recovery room) procedure time was 7.0 min (P = 0.0019), of which 6 min reflected the surgical (cut-to-close) time difference (P = 0.0032). Within matched pairs, where the difference in procedure times was greater than 30 min between patients, blacks more commonly had longer procedure times (Odds = 1.39; P = 0.0008).Conclusions:Controlling for patient characteristics, BMI, and hospital, elder black Medicare patients experienced slightly but significantly longer procedure length than their closely matched white controls. Procedure length difference was almost completely due to surgery, not anesthesia.
Calabadion
Authors: Hoffmann Ulrike , Grosse-Sundrup Martina , Eikermann-Haerter Katharina , Zaremba Sebastina , Ayata Cenk , Zhang Ben , Ma Da , Isaacs Lyle , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Introduction:
To evaluate whether calabadion 1, an acyclic member of the Cucurbit[n]uril family of molecular containers, reverses benzylisoquinoline and steroidal neuromuscular-blocking agent effects.

Methods:
A total of 60 rats were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and instrumented with IV and arterial catheters. Rocuronium (3.5 mg/kg) or cisatracurium (0.6 mg/kg) was administered and neuromuscular transmission quantified by acceleromyography. Calabadion 1 at 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg (for rocuronium) or 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg (for cisatracurium), or neostigmine/glycopyrrolate at 0.06/0.012 mg/kg were administered at maximum twitch depression, and renal calabadion 1 elimination was determined by using a 1H NMR assay. The authors also measured heart rate, arterial blood gas parameters, and arterial blood pressure.

Results:
After the administration of rocuronium, resumption of spontaneous breathing and recovery of train-of-four ratio to 0.9 were accelerated from 12.3 ± 1.1 and 16.2 ± 3.3 min with placebo to 4.6 ± 1.8 min with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate to 15 ± 8 and 84 ± 33 s with calabadion 1 (90 mg/kg), respectively. After the administration of cisatracurium, recovery of breathing and train-of-four ratio of 0.9 were accelerated from 8.7 ± 2.8 and 9.9 ± 1.7 min with placebo to 2.8 ± 0.8 and 7.6 ± 2.1 min with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate to 47 ± 13 and 87 ± 16 s with calabadion 1 (150 mg/kg), respectively. Calabadion 1 did not affect heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pH, carbon dioxide pressure, and oxygen tension. More than 90% of the IV administered calabadion 1 appeared in the urine within 1 h.

Conclusion:
Calabadion 1 is a new drug for rapid and complete reversal of the effects of steroidal and benzylisoquinoline neuromuscular-blocking agents.
Evaluation of Postmortem Bacterial Migration Using Culturing and Real‐Time Quantitative PCR
Authors: Tuomisto Sari , Karhunen Pekka J. , Vuento Risto , Aittoniemi Janne , Pessi Tanja 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPostmortem bacteriology can be a valuable tool for evaluating deaths due to bacterial infection or for researching the involvement of bacteria in various diseases. In this study, time‐dependent postmortem bacterial migration into liver, mesenteric lymph node, pericardial fluid, portal, and peripheral vein was analyzed in 33 autopsy cases by bacterial culturing and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). None suffered or died from bacterial infection. According to culturing, pericardial fluid and liver were the most sterile samples up to 5 days postmortem. In these samples, multigrowth and staphylococci were not or rarely detected. RT‐qPCR was more sensitive and showed higher bacterial positivity in all samples. Relative amounts of intestinal bacterial DNA (bifidobacteria, bacteroides, enterobacter, clostridia) increased with time. Sterility of blood samples was low during the studied time periods (1–7 days). The best postmortem microbiological sampling sites were pericardial fluid and liver up to 5 days after death.