bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY IN THE RAT.—I. THE PROLONGATION AND INTERRUPTION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Hain Annie M. 
Published: December 2014

1. The gestation period in the rat can be prolonged by from 4 to 10 days by (a) administration of anterior pituitary tissue; (b) extract of human pregnancy urine; (c) alkaline extract of pituitary; (d) extract containing “purified” growth hormone.2. Pregnancy is apt to be interrupted when injection of the urine extract is made in the early stages.3. The evidence adduced suggests that the pregnant condition is not maintained solely by the corpus luteum, and that parturition is not due merely to degeneration of that body.
Deployed communication between the Role 3 and Role 1
Authors: Parsons Iain T 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionThe discharge summary is the most common method for documenting a patient's diagnostic findings, hospital management and arrangements for post-discharge follow up. After being discharged from hospital, patients are routinely reviewed without a discharge summary being available. A recent review revealed that a significant proportion of patients discharged from the Role 3 had no evidence of their admission on their permanent medical record. The aim of this audit was to assess the transition of discharge summaries from Role 3 to Role 1 during Op HERRICK 18. The intention was to review where errors in the transfer of discharge information between Role 3 and Role 1 might be occurring with a view to implementing improvements.MethodsTwo audits assessed the delivery of discharge information. A re-audit was performed 1 month after a system was implemented.ResultsThe transfer of discharge information was poor with only 1/40 (2.5%) summaries arriving from R3 to R1. Following implementation of a system the transfer of discharge information improved to 24/30 (80%).ConclusionsThe adoption of a system to transit discharge information from R3 to R1 resulted in a drastic improvement. Ideally, a future electronic patient record system used by all facets of Defence Medical Services would limit the potential for future adverse events due to communication failure. Regular audits assessing the transfer of discharge information should form part of standard audit cycles in future contingency operations.
Investigation of bamboo pulp fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites
Authors: Qiu Renhui , Liu Wendi , Li Kaichang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMechanical pulp fibers (MPFs) and chemical pulp fibers (CPFs) from moso bamboo have been characterized in terms of their length and width distributions, and their reinforcing effects in unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites have also been investigated. CPF-UPE composites had much higher tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus than MPF-UPE composites. CPF-UPE composites also absorbed less water than MPF-UPE composites. Treatments of the fibers with a combination of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and water resistance of the resulting composites. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that DIH-HEA was bound onto bamboo fibers (BFs) via carbamate linkages. The scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile-fractured surfaces of the composites revealed that the DIH-HEA treatments for BFs greatly improved the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and UPE resins.
Employing Blended Interaction to Blend the Qualities of Digital and Physical Books / Anwendung von Blended Interaction zur Vermischung der Eigenschaften digitaler und physischer Bücher
Authors: Gebhardt Christoph , Rädle Roman , Reiterer Harald 
Published: December 2014

Summary
This paper presents Integrative Workplace, a system which blends the qualities of digital and physical sources by augmenting physical books with properties of digital books and vice versa. On the base of Blended Interaction, we designed a system which helps users to interact with the new and unfamiliar functionality of digitally augmented books. In a user study, law students employed Integrative Workplace to work on a legal case. The positive feedback of participants indicated that we managed to design a system which is usable in a professional context. Furthermore, the study revealed evidence that digitally well-established concepts are a part of users’ reality and need to be considered in the design of new user interfaces. The results of this user study encourage us to continue to use Blended Interaction in the design process of novel user interfaces with an unfamiliar functionality.
The augment of vowel-initial roots and vṛddhi–derivation in the Indo–Iranian languages
Authors: Ittzés Máté 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The augment of vowel-initial roots in Old Indo-Aryan consists in the vṛddhi grade of the initial vowel of the verbal stem. Although the origin of this feature can basically be explained in phonological terms, as described by Lubotsky (1995) and others, it is pointed out that the analogy of verb stems with full or lengthened grade root might have played a role as well. On the other hand, in absence of relevant forms in Avestan and Old Persian, the parallelism between the augment and vṛddhi‑derivation has to be taken into account if we want to describe the augment of vowel-initial roots in the Old Iranian languages. It is argued that the vṛddhi‑derivation in Old Persian was similar to the situation in Avestan, i. e. simple vowels were replaced by short diphthongs (not by long ones, as in Old Indo-Aryan) and this has to be assumed for the Old Persian augment of vowelinitial roots as well.
A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type
Authors: Hungr Oldrich , Evans S. G. , Bovis M. J. , Hutchinson J. N. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
As a result of the widespread use of the landslide classifications of Varnes (1978), and Hutchinson (1988), certain terms describing common types of flow-like mass movements have become entrenched in the language of engineering geology. Example terms include debris flow, debris avalanche and mudslide. Here, more precise definitions of the terms are proposed, which would allow the terms to be retained with their original meanings while making their application less ambiguous. A new division of landslide materials is proposed, based on genetic and morphological aspects rather than arbitrary grain-size limits. The basic material groups include sorted materials: gravel, sand, silt, and clay, unsorted materials: debris, earth and mud, peat and rock. Definitions are proposed for relatively slow non-liquefied sand or gravel flows, extremely rapid sand, silt or debris flow slides accompanied by liquefaction, clay flow slides involving extra-sensitive clays, peat flows, slow to rapid earth flows in nonsensitive plastic clays, debris flows which occur in steep established channels or gullies, mud flows considered as cohesive debris flows, debris floods involving massive sediment transport at limited discharges, debris avalanches which occur on open hill slopes and rock avalanches formed by large scale failures of bedrock.
Histamine in Foods: Its Safety and Human Health Implications
Authors: Rai Krishna Prasad , Pradhan Hare Ram , Sharma Bal Kumari , Rijal Som Kant 
Published: December 2014

This article reviews the overall aspects of histamine, one of the most potent biogenic amine, which is formed by decarboxylation of histidine protein rich foods in fish and fish products, dairy products, meat and meat products, fermented vegetables and soy products, and alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer. Normally, three basic conditions i.e. high content of free histidine, bacterial histidine decarboxylase activity and high temperature storage environment elevates the level of histamine in foods. Several chromatographic methods utilizing thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and colorimetry, fluorimetry and ELISA technique have been developed for the analysis of biogenic amine including histamine. Histamine usually exceeding 1000 mg/kg has been implicated with scombrotoxicosis. Several government authorities including Codex Alimentarious Commission has also set the level of histamine in different food products varying from 5 to 40 mg/100g. Proper technical regulations and surveillance mechanism as well as hygienic and bio-technological advancement in food manufacturing establishment could be the good preventive measures of low histamine foods in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11720 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (1-11), 2013
Study on Traditional Technology of Nepalese Fried Snack Woh
Authors: Adhikari Bhaskar Mani , Dangol Karishma 
Published: December 2014

Woh is a deep oil fried spongy Nepalese indigenous product. This work was done to find out the basics of woh and to prepare best from different formulations using unlike particle size and different frying media. Green gram and black gram in a ratio of 100:0, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 were mixed and ground on stone grinder and mixer grinder for different particle sizes. Batter mixed with spices were whipped and deep fried in mustard, soybean and sunflower oil separately at 204 ± 2ºC for 2.5 ± 0.5 minutes. Woh with 60:40 combination having 103 μm particle size fried in soybean oil was found to be nutritious with less oil uptake and less anti nutritional factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11747 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (35-39), 2013
comparative evaluation of time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Bhartiya Shibal , Mishra Sanjay K , Sharma Reetika , Poojari Amar , Dada Tanuj 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Before any new device can replace another for use in clinical practice, it is imperative that its reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy, and ability to detect changes over time are tested.Objective: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements between two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems: the Stratus OCT, a time domain system, and the Cirrus HD-OCT, a spectral domain system (both by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out involving 20 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and 32 eyes of healthy controls. One eye of each patient was imaged on the same day with each instrument. The RNFL thicknesses measured by the two instruments were compared.Main outcome measures: Each clock hour, quadrant, and average RNFL thickness was determined on each of the two instruments.Statistics: The reliability was assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland Altman plot for the limits of agreement for the overall mean RNFL thickness and for each quadrant. Results: A randomly selected eye of each of the 52 participants was analyzed. The mean temporal, superior, nasal and inferior RNFL thickness (in microns) were found to be 65.42 ±18.98, 114.85±26.67, 75.83±28.61 and 116.35±29.43 when measured by the Stratus OCT. In glaucoma patients these values were 55.06±18.22, 97.86±29.37, 63.44±24.89, and 102.94±38.20; and in controls these values were 70.59±17.40, 123.61±20.65, 82.03±28.67 and 123.06±21.63 respectively. The mean temporal, superior, nasal and inferior RNFL thickness (in microns) were 62.00±13.08, 112.00±25.13, 68.56±16.66 and 114.23±25.82 respectively, when measured with the Cirrus OCT. In glaucoma patients these values were 57.88±12.99, 98.56±26.88, 64.63±12.52 and 105.50±29.49; while in the control group these were 64.06±12.82, 118.72±21.63, 70.53±18.33, and 118.59±23.05 respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient alpha (ICC alpha) for the temporal, superior, nasal and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness measurements were 0.81, 0.85, 0.66 and 0.93 respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed the limits of agreement (95%CI) for average RNFL to be 4.59 ±20.10 in the control group. In patients of glaucoma, Bland-Altman plots showed the limits of agreement (95%CI) for average RNFL to be 1.56±21.50. Conclusions: There is considerable variability in the RNFL thickness measurements made by the Cirrus and Stratus OCT that exceeds the limits of resolution afforded by the instruments. RNFL measurements obtained from the two OCT systems may not be used interchangeably.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11692Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 185-191
Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment between phakic and pseudophakic neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ozkaya Abdullah , Alkin Zeynep , Perente Irfan , Yuksel Kemal , Baz Okkes , Alagoz Cengiz , Yazici Ahmet Taylan , Demirok Ahmet 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Before the era of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment, only prevention for visual loss might have been achieved in a limited number of neovascular age-related macular generation (nAMD) patients with different treatment options. Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of nAMD between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.Materials and methods: The newly diagnosed nAMD patients were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into the phakic and pseudophakic groups. Initially, the patients received three consecutive, monthly, IVB injections, and then the treatment was continued on an as-needed regimen. The patients were examined monthly, and the data at the baseline, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and at the last follow-up were evaluated. The changes in the visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and the number of injections were compared between the two groups. Results: The study included 62 eyes of 62 patients (39 phakic, and 23 pseudophakic patients). The mean follow-up time was 19.7 and 17.2 months in the phakic and pseudophakic groups, respectively (p = 0.06). The mean Log MAR VA at the baseline, 12 months and the last follow-up was 0.82, 0.72 and 0.75 in the phakic group and 0.77, 0.67, and 0.68 in the pseudophakic group, respectively. The change in the mean BCVA from the baseline to 12 months and at the last follow-up was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.9 and p = 0.7, respectively). The mean injection number at 12 months was 4.5 and 4.9 in the phakic and pseudophakic group, respectively (p = 0.2).Conclusion: The beneficial effect of IVB is equal in both the phakic and pseudophakic group of nAMD patients. The functional and anatomical outcomes of the treatment and the number of injections were similar in the two groups.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11706Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 145-152
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in a healthy Nepalese population by spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Thapa Madhu , Khanal Safal , Shrestha Gulsan B , Sharma Ananda K 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To determine the normal values for peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD- OCT) in a healthy Nepalese population and to compare the RNFL thicknesses between the genders and among the various age groups.Material and methods: One hundred and fifty six eyes of 156 healthy Nepalese subjects (66 males and 88 females) of various age groups were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. The peripapillary RNFL of the randomly chosen eye of each subject was imaged with a high resolution SD-OCT (Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering). The RNFL thickness was measured around the optic nerve head using 16 automatically averaged, consecutive, circular B scans with a 3.4 mm diameter and compared between the genders and among the various age groups.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38.94 ± 17.00 years (range - 14 to 76 years). The average peripapillary RNFL was found to be 102.64 ± 9.56 μm (95 % CI 97.01 - 101.93). The mean ± SD peripapillary RNFL measurements at the superior, nasal, inferior and temporal sectors in the study population were 129.51 ± 15.09 μm, 76.55 ± 12.02 μm, 134.53 ± 17.19 μm and 70.74 ± 15.53 μm respectively. The average RNFL thickness was 99.47 ± 10.18 μm in the male whereas it was 105.09 ± 8.31 μm in the female participants. The RNFL decreased by 2.26 μm per age per decade. Conclusion: The Average RNFL thickness is 102.64 ± 9.56 μm in the Nepalese population. Gender and age related variation in the RNFL could serve as a useful guideline in the diagnosis of glaucoma in our population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11709Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 131-139
Crystalline deposits in the macula – tamoxifen maculopathy or macular telangiectasia?
Authors: Rijal Roshija Khanal , Nakhwa Dr Chinmay , Manavi D Sindal Manavi D Sindal D 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogen agent used in the treatment of breast carcinoma. Crystalline maculopathy is a rare complication of tamoxifen therapy. The clinical picture resembles that of idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) Type 2, which is a more common clinical entity. Objective: To report a case of crystalline maculopathy secondary to tamoxifen and highlight the importance of the medical history and investigations in differentiating it from IMT Type 2. Case: A diabetic female with a past history of breast carcinoma treated with tamoxifen came to the hospital for a routine eye check-up. Crystalline deposits were seen in the parafoveal region in both the eyes. The spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed foveal cysts in the inner retinal layer and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were within normal limits. Conclusion: While tamoxifen maculopathy is reversible on stopping the therapy, IMT needs a long-term follow-up to monitor the potential risk of loss of vision due to choroidal neovascularization, hence necessitating the distinction between these two different clinical entities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11713Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 227-229
The investigation and experience of using ESTISOL™ 240 and COASOL™ for ice-core drilling
Authors: Sheldon Simon G. , Steffensen Jørgen P. , Hansen Steffen B. , Popp Trevor J. , Johnsen Sigfús J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractContinuous good-quality deep ice cores provide excellent scientific data with which to reconstruct a past climate record for >800 ka. At depths starting from ∼100m using an electromechanical drill, a drilling liquid is essential for successful recovery of the very high-quality ice cores demanded by modern scientific analysis techniques (e.g. continuous flow analysis). Finding a suitable drill fluid for use at deep ice-coring drill sites is not an easy task. Temperatures vary greatly not just from site to site, but also at a site where the average mean temperature from surface to bedrock can vary from –55°C to –2.75°C. In the past 60 years, many fluids have been used, with varying degrees of success, but for various reasons are either unavailable, are now considered unsafe and dangerous or are too environmentally damaging to be permitted. Here we report on our pre-season investigation into possible candidate drill fluids, with specific information concerning ESTISOL™ 240 and COASOL™, the rationale behind the redesign of our drill successfully used at NorthGRIP, Greenland, and EPICA DML, Antarctica, the knock-on effect of those changes, and our field experience in Greenland at Flade Isblink in 2006 and at NEEM in 2009–10.
L'objectivité de l'art à l'épreuve du goût
Authors: Glon Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2014

Résumé Le goût esthétique peut-il être réduit à une préférence culturelle incarnée ? Que la promotion d’un certain type de valeur esthétique dépende d’un contexte – qu’il soit social, économique, idéologique, générationnel, etc. – où s’actualisent des dispositions, a été largement popularisée par la sociologie de culture, d’inspiration bourdieusienne en particulier. Mais il reste à expliquer la façon dont elles s’actualisent. Sur le plan théorique, il faudrait notamment se demander si les propositions esthétiques utilisant des concepts d’évaluation, comme par exemple « original », « beau », « innovant », « complexe », etc., peuvent avoir une valeur de vérité. Il y a des valeurs épistémiques, comme la modération, le jugement, l’intelligence, le scrupule, etc. Qu’en est-il des valeurs esthétiques ? Même si les valeurs esthétiques ne sont pas applicables à tout le monde et dans n’importe quel contexte, nous défendons l’idée que nos jugements esthétiques peuvent être valides, autrement dit objectivement valables. L’article propose d’ouvrir le dialogue entre les sciences cognitives et de la sociologie de la culture. Dans la première partie, nous présentons un aperçu des approches existantes développées en sociologie des pratiques culturelles. Puis, après avoir exposé ces approches, nous proposons de les confronter à une analyse épistémologique plus large de la causalité sociale, entre réductionnisme et contextualisme. Dans la dernière partie, nous exposons brièvement « l’hypothèse de l’esthétique populaire », laquelle désigne comme d’autres types de connaissances implicites tels que « la physique populaire », nos interactions spontanées avec un certain type d’objet, à savoir les objets esthétiques.
Topographic mapping of paterae and layered plains on Io using photoclinometry
Authors: White Oliver L. , Schenk Paul M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe have generated regional scale photoclinometry digital elevation models (DEMs) from Voyager and Galileo imagery of Io that resolve small‐scale topographic features including paterae and layered plains. Given the difficulty of applying this technique to Io due to its anomalous surface albedo properties, we have experimented extensively with the relevant procedures in order to generate what we consider to be the most reliable DEMs. The DEMs have been used to gauge the depths of 23 paterae and the heights of 12 layered plains outcrops, and we find the very similar relief and frequent close association of the two landforms to support the existence of a mixed silicate‐volatile layer covering much of the surface of Io.
The Effect of Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Bismaleimide/Diamine Matrices
Authors: Sipaut Coswald S. , Mansa Rachel F. , Padavettan Vejayakumaran , Rahman Ismail Ab. , Dayou Jedol , Jafarzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSilica and surface‐modified silica nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into bismaleimide/diamine (BMI/DDM) matrices using a combinatory procedure that involved pretreatment of filler, mechanical mixing, ageing in BMI melt, and melt mixing. Fillers with different sizes and surface modification (of expoxide and BMI groups) showed to some extent the catalytic effect of the cure reaction on the matrix, without any negative effects. Nonmodified nanoparticles were found to interact with the BMI/DDM matrix through hydrogen bonding, whereas the surface‐modified nanoparticles exhibited strong adherence to the polymer matrix through covalent bonding. Morphological analysis revealed that surface‐modified nanoparticles were homogenously distributed within the polymer matrix, whereas the pure silica filler formed large aggregates due to strong filler–filler interactions. Nanocomposites reinforced with surface‐modified silica nanoparticles showed significant improvements over pure silica, and improvements were also noted in the thermo mechanical properties and thermal stability of the neat BMI/DDM, such as the storage tensile modulus and glass transition temperature. A reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion was also noted.