bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (stages III and IV) induction chemotherapy assessment: Value of FDG volumetric imaging parameters
Authors: Yu Jielin , Cooley Timothy , Truong Minh‐Tam , Mercier Gustavo , Subramaniam Rathan M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate whether the change in the metabolic tumour volume (MTV) or total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumour, before and after induction chemotherapy, predicts outcome for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (SCC).MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with advanced (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III and IV) head and neck SCC who underwent positron emission tomography (PET)/CT were included in this retrospective study. Primary tumour MTV and TLG were measured using gradient and fixed percentage threshold segmentations. Outcome endpoint was disease progression or mortality. Pearson correlation, Bland–Altman and receiver operator characteristic analysis were performed.ResultsThe Pearson's correlation coefficients between percentage changes (pre‐ and post‐induction chemotherapy) from gradient MTV (MTVG) and the 38% SUVmax threshold MTV (MTV38) was 0.96 and between MTVG and the 50% threshold MTV (MTV50) was 0.95 (P < 0.0001). The corresponding Pearson r between TLGG and TLG38 was 0.94 and between TLGG and TLG50 was 0.96 (P < 0.0001). The least bias was 1.89% (standard deviation = 25.30%) between the percentage changes of MTVG and MTV50. The areas under the curve for predicting progression or mortality were 0.76 (P = 0.03) for MTVG and 0.82 for TLGG (P = 0.009). Optimum cut points of a 42% reduction in MTVG and a 55% reduction in the TLGG predict event‐free survival with a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 90% and a hazards ratio of 6.25.ConclusionA reduction in primary tumour MTV of at least 42% or in TLG of at least 55% after induction chemotherapy may predict event‐free survival in patients with advanced head and neck SCC.
Dickeya ecology, environment sensing and regulation of virulence programme
Authors: Reverchon Sylvie , Nasser William 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe pectinolytic Dickeya spp. are soft‐rot Gram‐negative bacteria that cause severe disease in a wide range of plant species. In recent years, there has been an increase in the damage caused by Dickeya in potato crops in Europe. Soft‐rot symptoms are due to the production and secretion of degradative enzymes that destroy the plant cell wall. However, an efficient colonization of the host plant requires many additional bacterial factors, including elements in the early stages allowing for the adhesion and penetration of the bacteria in the plant and different elements in the intermediate stages, involved in the adaptation to the new growth conditions encountered in the host. Dickeya pathogenicity is clearly a multifactorial process, and successful infection by these bacteria requires a temporal coordination of survival and virulence gene expression. This involves the ancestral nucleoid‐associated proteins, Fis and H‐NS, and modifications of DNA topology, as well as various specific regulatory systems, including a new quorum‐sensing pathway and regulators that sense the bacterial metabolic status or environmental stresses. This review presents new information concerning the ecology of Dickeya and the strategies used by this bacterium to coordinate its survival and virulence programmes during infection.
Calling in a Debt: Government's Role in Creating the Capacity for Explicit Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Marens Richard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBefore the field of business and society can adequately analyze the relationship between governmental policies and corporate social responsibility (CSR), either as a reality or an ideal, it is first necessary to understand exactly how governments nurtured the development of the autonomous corporation. The roles assigned to government by the economics and management literatures—regulator, standard setter, protector, and adjudicator—ignore the crucial part played by state violence and government expenditures in the rise and sustained success of the corporate economy. An examination of the history of the American case, crucial for the development of the modern corporation as well as the “explicit” form of CSR that eventually followed it, highlights these roles: the willingness of the state to intervene with force in labor conflicts bolstered the managerial autonomy that defined the large corporation, and the way government expenditures promoted innovation and firm success. Acknowledging how corporations depended on government assistance in their development is a necessary step for both assessing the responsibilities owed stakeholders and for advancing the theoretical development of the field.
The Relation between Accounting Conservatism and Corporate Social Performance: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Francis Rick N. , Harrast Steven , Mattingly James , Olsen Lori 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccounting conservatism and corporate social responsibility have received much attention in the recent literature. The current study draws upon Watts, who recognizes that one role of conservatism is to reduce the likelihood of excess wealth transfers to its stakeholder groups and Post et al., who assert that a key aspect of positive corporate social performance is the (equitable) distribution of corporate wealth. Accordingly, this study empirically investigates and finds a positive relation between conservatism and strong social performance.
Naive Hypothesis Testing for Case Series Analysis with Time‐Varying Exposure Onset Measurement Error: Inference for Infection‐Cardiovascular Risk in Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Mohammed Sandra M. , Dalrymple Lorien S. , Şentürk Damla , Nguyen Danh V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSummaryThe case series method is useful in studying the relationship between time‐varying exposures, such as infections, and acute events observed during the observation periods of individuals. It provides estimates of the relative incidences of events in risk periods (e.g., 30‐day period after infections) relative to the baseline periods. When the times of exposure onsets are not known precisely, application of the case series model ignoring exposure onset measurement error leads to biased estimates. Bias‐correction is necessary in order to understand the true directions and effect sizes associated with exposure risk periods, although uncorrected estimators have smaller variance. Thus, inference via hypothesis testing based on uncorrected test statistics, if valid, is potentially more powerful. Furthermore, the tests can be implemented in standard software and do not require additional auxiliary data. In this work, we examine the validity and power of naive hypothesis testing, based on applying the case series analysis to the imprecise data without correcting for the error. Based on simulation studies and theoretical calculations, we determine the validity and relative power of common hypothesis tests of interest in case series analysis. In particular, we illustrate that the tests for the global null hypothesis, the overall null hypotheses associated with all risk periods or all age effects are valid. However, tests of individual risk period parameters are not generally valid. Practical guidelines are provided and illustrated with data from patients on dialysis.
Tetraspanins as regulators of the tumour microenvironment: implications for metastasis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Detchokul S , Williams E D , Parker M W , Frauman A G 
Published: June 2013

One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to activate invasion and metastasis. Cancer morbidity and mortality are largely related to the spread of the primary, localized tumour to adjacent and distant sites. Appropriate management and treatment decisions based on predicting metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is thus crucial, which supports better understanding of the metastatic process. There are components of metastasis that are common to all primary tumours: dissociation from the primary tumour mass, reorganization/remodelling of extracellular matrix, cell migration, recognition and movement through endothelial cells and the vascular circulation and lodgement and proliferation within ectopic stroma. One of the key and initial events is the increased ability of cancer cells to move, escaping the regulation of normal physiological control. The cellular cytoskeleton plays an important role in cancer cell motility and active cytoskeletal rearrangement can result in metastatic disease. This active change in cytoskeletal dynamics results in manipulation of plasma membrane and cellular balance between cellular adhesion and motility which in turn determines cancer cell movement. Members of the tetraspanin family of proteins play important roles in regulation of cancer cell migration and cancer‐endothelial cell interactions, which are critical for cancer invasion and metastasis. Their involvements in active cytoskeletal dynamics, cancer metastasis and potential clinical application will be discussed in this review. In particular, the tetraspanin member, CD151, is highlighted for its major role in cancer invasion and metastasis.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐24
Discovery and development of orexin receptor antagonists as therapeutics for insomnia
Authors: Winrow C J , Renger J J 
Published: June 2013

Insomnia persistently affects the quality and quantity of sleep. Currently approved treatments for insomnia primarily target γ‐aminobutyric acid‐A (GABA‐A) receptor signalling and include benzodiazepines and GABA‐A receptor modulators. These drugs are used to address this sleep disorder, but have the potential for side effects such as tolerance and dependence, making them less attractive as maintenance therapy. Forward and reverse genetic approaches in animals have implicated orexin signalling (also referred to as hypocretin signalling) in the control of vigilance and sleep/wake states. Screening for orexin receptor antagonists using in vitro and in vivo methods in animals has identified compounds that block one or other of the orexin receptors (single or dual orexin receptor antagonists [SORAs and DORAs], respectively) in animals and humans. SORAs have primarily been used as probes to further elucidate the roles of the individual orexin receptors, while a number of DORAs have progressed to clinical development as pharmaceutical candidates for insomnia. The DORA almorexant demonstrated significant improvements in a number of clinically relevant sleep parameters in animal models and in patients with insomnia but its development was halted. SB‐649868 and suvorexant have demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in Phase II and III trials respectively. Furthermore, suvorexant is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insomnia. Based on the publication of recent non‐clinical and clinical data, orexin receptor antagonists potentially represent a targeted, effective and well‐tolerated new class of medications for insomnia.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Orexin Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐2
Patch‐Collaborative Spectral Point‐Cloud Denoising
Authors: Rosman G. , Dubrovina A. , Kimmel R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a new framework for point cloud denoising by patch‐collaborative spectral analysis. A collaborative generalization of each surface patch is defined, combining similar patches from the denoised surface. The Laplace–Beltrami operator of the collaborative patch is then used to selectively smooth the surface in a robust manner that can gracefully handle high levels of noise, yet preserves sharp surface features. The resulting denoising algorithm competes favourably with state‐of‐the‐art approaches, and extends patch‐based algorithms from the image processing domain to point clouds of arbitrary sampling. We demonstrate the accuracy and noise‐robustness of the proposed algorithm on standard benchmark models as well as range scans, and compare it to existing methods for point cloud denoising.
Cytomegalovirus infection post‐pancreas–kidney transplantation – results of antiviral prophylaxis in high‐risk patients
Authors: Fallatah Samira M. , Marquez Max A. , Bazerbachi Fateh , Schiff Jeffrey R. , Cattral Mark S. , McGilvray Ian D. , Norgate Andrea , Selzner Markus , Rotstein Coleman , Husain Shahid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major pathogen affecting solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Prophylactic strategies have decreased the rate of CMV infection/disease among SOT. However, data on the effect of current prophylactic strategies for simultaneous pancreas–kidney (SPK) or pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplant remain limited. We report our experience of CMV prophylaxis in SPK/PAK recipients.MethodsA total of 130 post‐SPK/PAK patients were analyzed retrospectively for the rate of CMV and the risk factors associated with the acquisition of CMV. All patients received antiviral prophylaxis. The follow‐up period was one yr post‐transplant or until death.ResultsThe rate of CMV post‐SPK/PAK transplant was 24%, 44%, and 8.2% among the whole cohort, the D+/R− and the R+ groups, respectively. Median time of prophylaxis was 49 (0–254) d. In the whole cohort, risk factors for CMV infection/diseases were D+/R− CMV status (odds ratio [OR] = 16.075), preceding non‐CMV (infection caused by bacteria or fungi and other viruses) infection (OR = 6.362) and the duration of prophylaxis (OR = 0.984). Among the CMV D+/R− group, non‐CMV infection was the only risk factor for CMV disease (OR = 10.7).ConclusionsForty‐four per cent (25/57) of the D+/R− recipients developed CMV infection/disease despite CMV prophylaxis. Current CMV prophylaxis failed to prevent CMV infection/disease in this group of patients.
Researching Together: A CTSA Partnership of Academicians and Communities for Translation
Authors: Westfall John M. , Nearing Kathryn , Felzien Maret , Green Larry , Calonge Ned , Pineda‐Reyes Fernando , Jones Grant , Tamez Montelle , Miller Sara , Kramer Andrew 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI) aims to translate discovery into clinical practice. The Partnership of Academicians and Communities for Translation (PACT) represents a robust campus–community partnership.MethodsThe CCTSI collected data on all PACT activities including meeting notes, staff activity logs, stakeholder surveys and interviews, and several key component in‐depth evaluations. Data analysis by Evaluation and Community Engagement Core and PACT Council members identified critical shifts that changed the trajectory of community engagement efforts.ResultsTen “critical shifts” in six broad rubrics created change in the PACT. Critical shifts were decision points in the development of the PACT that represented quantitative and qualitative changes in the work and trajectory. Critical shifts occurred in PACT management and leadership, financial control and resource allocation, and membership and voice.DiscussionThe development of a campus–community partnership is not a smooth linear path. Incremental changes lead to major decision points that represent an opportunity for critical shifts in developmental trajectory. We provide an enlightening, yet cautionary, tale to others considering a campus–community partnership so they may prepare for crucial decisions and critical shifts. The PACT serves as a genuine foundational platform for dynamic research efforts aimed at eliminating health disparities.
Ability of a novel blue laser imaging system for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Yagi Nobuaki , Inada Yutaka , Kugai Munehiro , Okayama Tetsuya , Kamada Kazuhiro , Katada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Handa Osamu , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Kokura Satoshi , Yanagisawa Akio , Naito Yuji 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundA new endoscope system with a laser light source, blue laser imaging (BLI), has been developed by Fujifilm that allows for narrow‐band light observation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of BLI for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 314 colorectal polyps that were examined with BLI observation at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between September 2011 and January 2013. The surface and vascular patterns of polyps detected by published narrow‐band imaging magnification: Hiroshima classification were used. Correlations were determined between the classifications and the histopathological diagnoses. Additionally, the ability of BLI without magnification to differentiate between neoplastic or non‐neoplastic polyps was analyzed.ResultsA total of 41 hyperplastic polyps, 168 adenomas, 80 intramucosal cancer, 11 shallowly invaded submucosal cancer, and 14 deeply invaded submucosal cancer were analyzed.Hyperplastic polyp was observed in 100% of Type A lesions (39 lesions), adenoma was observed in 89.3% of Type B lesions (159 lesions), intramucosal cancer and shallowly invaded submucosal cancer was observed in 69.6% of Type C1 (92 lesions) and in 84.6% of Type C2 (13 lesions), and deeply invaded submucosal cancer was observed in 81.8% of Type C3 lesions (11 lesions). The overall diagnostic accuracy of BLI with magnification was 84.3%. Additionally, the diagnostic accuracy of BLI without magnification for differentiating between neoplastic and non‐neoplastic polyps <10 mm in diameter was 95.2%, which was greater than that of white light (83.2%).ConclusionBLI was useful for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps.
Theology after the Massacre in Norway
Authors: Leer‐Salvesen Paul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn 2011 Norway experienced its worst violent attack in peacetime and one of the most horrible mass murders ever: one young, white Norwegian killed 77 people, injured 40, and destroyed the Government Building in Oslo. He explained that the terror as a necessary attack on the Social Democracy and the multi‐ethnic and pluralistic society. Was he insane or competent? Was he guilty? In this article I argue that theology can contribute to the debate about guilt, punishment, and evil acts. A contextual theology today should draw from the treasures in the Christian tradition and take part in contemporary discourses about existential and ethical issues.
The Justice of Faith
Authors: Fredrickson David E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis essay proposes an alternative interpretation of Saint Paul's notion of justification by faith in his letters to the Philippians and to the Galatians. Justification is replaced with justice in the famous formula, and an erotic meaning of faith is emphasized in place of trust or weakly held knowledge. Eros and justice come together in Paul's use of nuptial imagery to describe his relation to Christ. Justice is communion, the sharing of all things. Faith is just because it is open to this communion.
Who Ministers to Whom: Matthew 25:31–46 and Prison Ministry
Authors: Vargas Alicia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis essay sees Matthew 25:31–46 as Jesus’ offer of both gift and challenge: disciples will simultaneously minister to and be ministered to by Jesus in jail and prison. Following a consideration of two different dominant ways of interpreting the passage in the literature—what are sometimes called the missionary and the social justice interpretations—and Luther's reading of the passage as falling under the Fifth Commandment, the essay invites the reader to engage the transformative consequences of “seeing” Jesus imprisoned in the U.S. criminal “justice” system.
Paul Hinlicky's Critical Dogmatics: Triune Redemption and Hope in the Beloved Community
Authors: Saler Robert C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn a host of recent publications, Paul Hinlicky has offered both methodological and substantive contributions to a constructive Lutheran theology that takes seriously the post‐Christendom context in which the church finds itself. By elaborating a vision of theology as “critical dogmatics,” Hinlicky adapts pragmatist and perspectivalist motifs to outline a trinitarian picture of the redemption of creation as well as the church's role in anticipating the coming of the Beloved Community. Grounded both in Romans 8 and the trinitarian implications of Luther's joyful exchange, Hinlicky's vision interweaves soteriological, eschatological, and ecclesiological themes to demonstrate how critical dogmatics can test the spirits of a given age in order to determine which features of contemporary existence align with God's ongoing redemptive work, and which must be opposed by the church.
Shocks and rigidities as determinants of CEE labour markets’ performance
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this article, the impact of real wage, productivity, labour demand and supply shocks on eight Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies from 1996–2007 is analysed with a panel structural vector error correction model. A set of long‐run restrictions derived from the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model is used to identify structural shocks, and fluctuations in foreign demand are controlled for. We find that the propagation of shocks on CEE labour markets resembles that found for OECD countries. Labour demand shocks emerge as the main determinant of employment and unemployment variability in the short‐to‐medium run, but wage rigidities were equally important for observed labour market performance, especially in Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania. We associate these rigidities with collective bargaining, minimum wage, active labour market policies and employment protection legislation.
Effects of tree mortality caused by a bark beetle outbreak on the ant community in theSanBernardinoNationalForest
Authors: SPITZER BRIAN W. , WILD ALEXANDER L. 
Published: June 2013

A severe bark beetle outbreak caused very high levels of tree mortality in theSanBernardinoNationalForest in southernCalifornia in 2003.In 2009, the impact of the outbreak on the ant community was examined by pitfall‐trapping ants in 15 sites that saw high tree mortality (‘red’ sites) and 15 sites that suffered little or no tree mortality (‘green’ sites) during the outbreak.Ant species turnover between green and red sites was low, and no invasive species were observed.However, changes in the abundances of various species resulted in a significant alteration of the ant community.If the ant community is an accurate bioindicator of other taxa in this forest, the effects of the bark beetle outbreak may be described as dramatic but not catastrophic or irreversible.The changes in the ant community are consistent with the hypothesis that this community is structured by nest site limitation rather than inter‐specific competition or thermal limitation.