bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopping and the Stokes–Einstein relation breakdown in simple glass formers
Authors: Charbonneau Patrick , Jin Yuliang , Parisi Giorgio , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Like crystals, glasses are rigid because of the self-caging of their constituent particles. The key difference is that crystal formation is a sharp first-order phase transition at which cages form abruptly and remain stable, whereas glass formation entails the progressive emergence of cages. This loose caging complicates the description of the glass transition. In particular, an important transport mechanism in this regime, hopping, has thus far been difficult to characterize. Here we develop a completely microscopic description of hopping, which allows us to clearly assess its impact on transport anomalies, such as the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation.
Loss of p53 induces cell proliferation via Ras-independent activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway
Authors: Drosten Matthias , Sum Eleanor Y. M. , Lechuga Carmen G. , Simón-Carrasco Lucía , Jacob Harrys K. C. , García-Medina Raquel , Huang Sidong , Beijersbergen Roderick L. , Bernards Rene , Barbacid Mariano 
Published: October 2014

Significance
In spite of the large number of biochemical studies contributing to the analysis of Ras-mediated cell cycle regulation, we do not know how Ras signaling controls the cell cycle. Here, we used an unbiased genetic approach to unveil essential components of Ras-mediated proliferation. Our results reveal that Ras signaling induces cell proliferation by a mechanism that requires inactivation of the p53/p21 Cdk-interacting protein 1 (Cip1) axis by preventing acetylation of specific p53 lysine residues. More importantly, loss of p53 or p21Cip1 can sustain cell proliferation in the absence of Ras proteins via Ras-independent activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk cascade. These results may have important implications for tumor growth and treatment, because activation of Ras oncogenes and inactivation of p53 are frequent events in human cancer.
LargeQvalue: A Program for Calculating FDR Estimates with Large Datasets
Authors: Brown Andrew Anand 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis is an implementation of the R statistical software qvalue package [Dabney et al., 2014], designed for use with large datasets where memory or computation time is limiting. In addition to estimating p values adjusted for multiple testing, the software outputs a script which can be pasted into R to produce diagnostic plots and report parameter estimates. This program runs almost 30 times faster and requests substantially less memory than the qvalue package when analysing 10 million p values on a high performance cluster. The software has been used to control for the multiple testing of 390 million tests when analysing a full cis scan of RNA-seq exon level gene expression from the Eurobats project [Brown et al., 2014]. The source code and links to executable files for linux and Mac OSX can be found here:https://github.com/abrown25/qvalue. Help for the package can be found by running./largeQvalue --help.
Scaling properties of evolutionary paths in a biophysical model of protein adaptation
Authors: Manhart Michael , Morozov Alexandre V 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe enormous size and complexity of genotypic sequence space frequently requires consideration of coarse-grained sequences in empirical models. We develop scaling relations to quantify the effect of this coarse-graining on properties of fitness landscapes and evolutionary paths. We first consider evolution on a simple Mount Fuji fitness landscape, focusing on how the length and predictability of evolutionary paths scale with the coarse-grained sequence length and alphabet. We obtain simple scaling relations for both the weak- and strong-selection limits, with a non-trivial crossover regime at intermediate selection strengths. We apply these results to evolution on a biophysical fitness landscape that describes how proteins evolve new binding interactions while maintaining their folding stability. We combine the scaling relations with numerical calculations for coarse-grained protein sequences to obtain quantitative properties of the model for realistic binding interfaces and a full amino acid alphabet.
From mines to minds: addressing the skills gap in Sierra Leone
Authors: Raufflet Emmanuel , Lohmeyer Johannes 
Published: October 2014

Subject area
International business, Strategic management

Study level/applicability
BA and MA; courses: International business, Management courses with special focus on emerging and developing countries, Intercultural management, Strategic management.

Case overview
Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa, June 2013 – Representatives of the London Mining Corporation and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH were discussing the details about the official launch of the From Mines to Minds project. The From Mines to Minds project consisted of two components technical, vocational and educational training at St. Joseph's and functional adult literacy for people who could not benefit from the upgrade of St. Joseph's in 17 communities around the mine site. Each of them had committed 200,000 euros to the project. While the mining company favored an early launch due to internal and external pressures, the development agency evaluated that they needed to have a consolidated program before advertising it locally and nationally. This joint decision on the official launch revealed more structural issues in the “fit” between these two organizations in this cross-sectoral partnership designed to contribute to local and national sustainable development.

Expected learning outcomes
The purpose of the case is twofold. The first aim is to introduce students/participants to the challenges that arise when entering into a cross-sectoral partnership with another organization in a development project. The second aim is to expose students to the operational, business and strategic challenges related to operating in the volatile local and national context of a least developed economy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email: support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Experience and expression of social isolation by inner-city high-rise residents
Authors: M. Chile Love , M. Black Xavier , Neill Carol 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of social isolation and the factors that create social isolation for residents of inner-city high-rise apartment communities. We critically examine how the physical environment and perceptions of safety in apartment buildings and the inner-city implicate the quality of interactions between residents and with their neighbourhood community.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used mixed-methods consisting of survey questionnaires supplemented by semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions using stratified random sampling to access predetermined key strata of inner-city high-rise resident population. Using coefficient of correlation we examine the significance of the association between social isolation, age and ethnicity amongst Auckland's inner-city high-rise residents.

Findings
– The authors found the experience and expression of social isolation consistent across all age groups, with highest correlation between functional social isolation and “being student”, and older adults (60+ years), length of tenure in current apartment and length of time residents have lived in the inner-city.

Research limitations/implications
– As a case study, we did not seek in this research to compare the experience and expressions of social isolation in different inner-city contexts, nor of inner-city high-rise residents in New Zealand and other countries, although these will be useful areas to explore in future studies.

Practical implications
– This study is a useful starting point to build evidence base for professionals working in health and social care services to develop interventions that will help reduce functional social isolation amongst young adults and older adults in inner-city high-rise apartments. This is particularly important as the inner-city population of older adults grow due to international migration, and sub-national shifts from suburbs to the inner-cities in response to governmental policies of urban consolidation.

Originality/value
– By identifying two forms of social isolation, namely functional and structural social isolation, we have extended previous analysis of social isolation and found that “living alone” or structural social isolation did not necessarily lead to functional social isolation. It also touched on the links between functional social isolation and self-efficacy of older adults, particularly those from immigrant backgrounds.
The Boeing blueprint for dealing with organized labor
Authors: Lueke Stephen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to examine changing employer strategies in dealing with organized labor through Boeing’s negotiations with its local Puget Sound, Washington-based District 751 of the International Association of Machinists and the district’s international parent.

Design/methodology/approach
– Considers factors including leveraging the slow growth of the US economy and the resulting job-security issues among US workers generally and Boeing workers in particular, along with the divided age composition of Boeing’s workforce to achieve market-share competitiveness with Boeing’s chief global rival, Europe-based Airbus Industries.

Findings
– Advises that there is no substitute for early strategic analysis of bargaining goals and strategies, particularly with respect to economic bargaining.

Practical implications
– Advances the view that a well-defined bargaining plan is the most likely key to success in any set of union collective bargaining agreement negotiations.

Social implications
– Considers the tensions that may exist between younger members of the workforce, whose priority is likely to be job security, and older members, who may be more concerned about their pensions.

Originality/value
– Presents the ongoing story of collective bargaining agreement negotiations at Boeing.
Infosys nurtures the talent of tomorrow
Authors: Tiwari Shweta 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to describe how the Infosys leadership institute is preparing a pool of talent to take over running the company in the years ahead.

Design/methodology/approach
– It examines the priorities at the institute, considers other development initiatives in the firm and describes the company’s policies in the areas of employee well-being and engagement.

Findings
– It highlights the importance of communication, work-life balance, equal opportunities and employee engagement.

Practical implications
– It details the ways in which InStep, the company’s global internship program, draws students from business, technology and the liberal arts to work on high-impact projects involving strategy and cutting-edge research.

Social implications
– It reveals that the company’s stock-options program has helped to create some of India’s first salaried millionaires.

Originality/value
– It provides an insight into the engagement of talent at a major international organization.
Supporting staff to fight corruption
Authors: Kemp Harriet 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to explain the nature of bribery in the workplace and puts forward suggestions about how to end it. It also provides examples of bribery legislation in the UK, continental Europe and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper examines the challenge for companies, how to make the right decisions and the need to encourage speak-up.

Findings
– It is argued that offering staff support, whether with decision-making tools or an accessible and confidential speak-up line, can go some way toward stamping out bribery and corruption.

Practical implications
– This paper advances the view that the culture of an organization is ultimately driven by its values and is set by the tone at the top. Leaders who regularly talk about ethical issues, support staff to uphold ethical standards and behave in an open and transparent way, send the message to all employees, and to the wider world, that the fight against corruption is taken seriously.

Social implications
– This paper highlights the need to create a culture of integrity and openness, where ethical dilemmas arising from doing business in corruption hot-spots are discussed and employees feel supported to do the right thing.

Originality/value
– A set of recommendations is provided to help organizations to prevent bribery in the workplace.
Internal control over financial reporting: opportunities using the COBIT framework
Authors: Rubino Michele , Vitolla Filippo 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the COBIT framework, integrated within the internal control framework, enables improvement in the quality of financial reporting while helping to reduce or eliminate the material weaknesses (MWs) of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR). The Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) model is a framework for information technology (IT) management and IT governance. It is a supporting toolset that allows managers to bridge the gap between control requirements, technical issues and business risks. Preliminarily, the analysis in this paper illustrates how the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) framework impacts on the MWs, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. This paper shows how these limits can be overcome with the use of the COBIT framework.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual paper that aims to highlight the relationship between COBIT and COSO, by illustrating how the IT processes reduce or eliminate the main MW categories.

Findings
– The analysis indicates that the implementation of the COBIT framework, or more generally the adoption of effective IT controls, provides important benefits to the entire company or organization. IT control objectives have a direct impact on the IT control weaknesses and indirectly on the other categories of material weaknesses.

Practical implications
– The adoption of the framework allows managers to implement effective ICFR. In particular, the COBIT approach provides managers with a more evolved tool in terms of compliance with the Sarbanes–Oxley Act requirements. This framework also improves the reliability of financial reporting in relation to the requirements of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standards No. 2 and 5.

Originality/value
– The analysis provides an interdisciplinary approach, connecting accounting and information systems themes, and suggest solutions and tools than can help managers to address the internal control weaknesses. This paper addresses an area of relevance to both practitioners and academics and expands existing accounting literature.
Elevating professional scepticism
Authors: Fei Gong Yi , Kim Sarah , Harding Noel 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether accountability pressure and ignorance with regard to the preferences and views of the superior are necessary characteristics of the decision environment to effectively encourage pre-emptive self-criticism and elevate professional scepticism. Auditors continue to be called to account for a perceived lack of professional scepticism in the conduct of their audits. Pre-emptive self-criticism has been proposed as one means by which the level of professional scepticism exercised by auditors may be enhanced.

Design/methodology/approach
– The role of accountability pressure and knowledge of the superior’s preferences in an experimental setting has been investigated, eliciting self-assessed measures of accountability pressure and manipulating whether the superior’s preferences were known or unknown. Judgements are made in the context of a preliminary analytical review setting.

Findings
– It was found that greater application of pre-emptive self-criticism is associated with the presence of perceived accountability pressure, but only when the superior’s preferences are not known.

Research limitations/implications
– Prior research reports that the effectiveness of prompts to be self-critical is limited. Findings suggest that pre-emptive self-criticism may be more effective in elevating professional scepticism than the findings of these studies suggest, and that the absence of an effect may be the result of low levels of accountability pressure in previous research settings. The results of this study imply that future research investigating pre-emptive self-criticism as a means of elevating professional scepticism should incorporate, as is the case in actual audit environments, accountability pressure in the decision setting.

Practical implications
– Qualified by the need for further research, our study guides audit firms in their efforts to meet the expectations of regulators, oversight bodies, standard setters and the public at large for an elevated level of professional scepticism. Our findings suggest that placing auditors under accountability pressure might assist audit firms in meeting these expectations. Our findings also encourage auditors to exercise caution when making their preferences known to subordinates.

Originality/value
– Despite its potential to help auditors meet demands for an elevated level of professional scepticism, pre-emptive self-criticism has received very little attention in the audit literature. Moreover, the few studies that have examined pre-emptive self-criticism find that prompts to be self-critical elevate professional scepticism in only limited circumstances. We make an original contribution towards an explanation for these findings, and guide future research by showing that accountability pressure is an important characteristic of the decision environment that should be in place before attempting to elevate professional scepticism through the encouragement of pre-emptive self-criticism.
The association between PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies and small audit firms’ characteristics
Authors: Kang Fei , Farag Magdy , Hurt Robert , Wyrick Cheryl 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the association between certain audit firm characteristics and the number of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)-identified audit deficiencies.Design/methodology/approach– Using a hand-collected sample of PCAOB inspection reports for small audit firms with 100 or less issuer clients from 2007 through 2010, an ordinary least squares model is applied by regressing the number of deficiencies on a set of audit firm characteristics.Findings– Results show that the number of PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies is positively associated with the number of issuer clients and negatively associated with the number of branch offices, the human capital leverage and the organization structure as Limited Liability Partnership firms. Additional analysis also shows that the PCAOB inspection length is positively associated with the number of deficiencies, the number of branch offices and the number of issuer clients, but negatively associated with the organization structure as limited liability company firms. Moreover, the PCAOB inspection lag is positively associated with the number of deficiencies and the number of issuer clients.Research limitations/implications– Results of this study cannot be generalized beyond public accounting firms with 100 or fewer issuer clients. In addition, there is a possibility that other measurements of firm-level characteristics that impact the number of PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies were not captured in the study.Practical implications– This study explains the association between audit firm characteristics and PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies. Our results caution small audit firms about not having enough professional staff, low human capital leverage and serving too many issuer clients, as those factors may potentially impair audit quality.Originality/value– This study helps to explain the relationship between audit deficiencies and controllable, measurable firm-level characteristics. It is, therefore, differentiated from previous studies, most of which were focused on PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies as measures of audit quality and stakeholder reactions to PCAOB reports.
How variable are the journal impact measures?
Authors: Haghdoost Aliakbar , Zare Morteza , Bazrafshan Azam 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the variability of the impact factor (IF) and additional metrics in biomedical journals to provide some clues to the reliability of journal citation indicators.Design/methodology/approach– Having used ISI Journal Citation Reports, from 2005 to 2011, the authors extracted 62 subject categories related to biomedical sciences. The category lists and citation profile for each journal were then downloaded and extracted. Coefficient of variation was applied to estimate the overall variability of the journal citation indicators.Findings– Total citation indicators for 3,411 journals were extracted and examined. The overall variability of IFs and other journal citation measures in basic, clinical or translational, open access or subscription journals decreased while the quality and prestige of those journals developed. Interestingly, journal citation measures produced dissimilar variability trends and thus highlighted the importance of using multiple instead of just one measure in evaluating the performance and influence of biomedical journals. Eigenfactor™, Article's Influence and Cited Half Life proposed as more reliable indicators.Originality/value– The relative variability of the journal citation measures in biomedical journals would decrease with a development in the impact and quality of journals. Eigenfactor™ and Cited Half Life are suggested as more reliable measures indicating few changes during the study period and across different impact level journals. These findings will be useful for librarians, researchers and decision makers who need to use citation measures as evaluative tools.