bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Degradable Click Delivery Systems
Authors: Such Georgina K. , Gunawan Sylvia T. , Liang Kang , Caruso Frank 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClick chemistry has had a significant impact in the field of materials science over the last 10 years, as it has enabled the design of new hybrid building blocks, leading to multifunctional and responsive materials. One key application for such materials is in the biomedical field, such as gene or drug delivery. However, to meet the functional requirements of such applications, tailored degradability of these materials under biological conditions is critical. There has been an increasing interest in combining click chemistry techniques with a range of degradable or responsive building blocks as well as investigating new or milder chemistries to design click delivery systems that are capable of physiologically relevant degradation. This Feature Article will cover some of the different approaches to synthesize degradable click delivery systems and their investigation for therapeutic release.
magnified image
On the Importance of the Principle of Microscopic Reversibility in Copolymerization Systems
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe importance of taking into account the principle of microscopic reversibility in the analysis of complex copolymerization systems is demonstrated. The analysis of a reversible copolymerization system in which segmental exchange is possible from the point of view of the reaction microreversibility proves that hetero‐reshuffling rate constants depend on homo‐reshuffling rate constants and copolymerization thermodynamics. magnified image
A multimodal imaging analysis of subcortical gray matter in fragile X premutation carriers
Authors: Wang Jun Yi , Hagerman Randi J. , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTApproximately 40% of males with the fragile X premutation develop fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome after age 50. Although the thalamus and basal ganglia play a crucial role in movement disorders, their involvement in fragile X premutation carriers has not been systematically investigated. The current study characterized structural abnormalities associated with fragile X premutation carriers (with and without fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome) in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus using T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. Male premutation carriers with fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome showed significant volume atrophy and diffusion‐weighted signal loss in all 4 structures compared with the control group. They also exhibited volume atrophy and diffusion‐weighted signal loss in the thalamus and striatum compared with the premutation carriers without fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Importantly, many of the measurements exhibited robust correlations with symptom severity, with volume and diffusion‐weighted imaging measurements displaying negative correlations and fractional anisotropy measurements displaying positive correlations. The current study demonstrated involvement of all 4 subcortical gray matter structures in fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, with significant volume atrophy, and possible iron deposition indicated by the diffusion‐weighted signal loss. The significant correlation between the subcortical measurements and symptom severity suggests the benefits of tracking structural changes in subcortical gray matter in future longitudinal studies for early detection and disease monitoring. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
ESPIRiT—an eigenvalue approach to autocalibrating parallel MRI: Where SENSE meets GRAPPA
Authors: Uecker Martin , Lai Peng , Murphy Mark J. , Virtue Patrick , Elad Michael , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Lustig Michael 
Published: May 2013

PurposeParallel imaging allows the reconstruction of images from undersampled multicoil data. The two main approaches are: SENSE, which explicitly uses coil sensitivities, and GRAPPA, which makes use of learned correlations in k‐space. The purpose of this work is to clarify their relationship and to develop and evaluate an improved algorithm.Theory and MethodsA theoretical analysis shows: (1) The correlations in k‐space are encoded in the null space of a calibration matrix. (2) Both approaches restrict the solution to a subspace spanned by the sensitivities. (3) The sensitivities appear as the main eigenvector of a reconstruction operator computed from the null space. The basic assumptions and the quality of the sensitivity maps are evaluated in experimental examples. The appearance of additional eigenvectors motivates an extended SENSE reconstruction with multiple maps, which is compared to existing methods.ResultsThe existence of a null space and the high quality of the extracted sensitivities are confirmed. The extended reconstruction combines all advantages of SENSE with robustness to certain errors similar to GRAPPA.ConclusionIn this article the gap between both approaches is finally bridged. A new autocalibration technique combines the benefits of both. Magn Reson Med 71:990–1001, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined saturation/inversion recovery sequences for improved evaluation of scar and diffuse fibrosis in patients with arrhythmia or heart rate variability
Authors: Weingärtner Sebastian , Akçakaya Mehmet , Basha Tamer , Kissinger Kraig V. , Goddu Beth , Berg Sophie , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo develop arrhythmia‐insensitive inversion recovery sequences for improved visualization of myocardial scar and quantification of diffuse fibrosis.MethodsA novel preparation pre‐pulse, called saturation pulse prepared heart‐rate‐independent inversion recovery, is introduced, which consists of a combination of saturation and inversion pulses to remove the magnetization history in each heartbeat in late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging and eliminate the need for rest periods in T1 mapping. The proposed LGE and T1 mapping sequences were evaluated against conventional LGE and modified Look‐Locker inversion sequences using numerical simulations, phantom and imaging in healthy subjects and patients with suspected or known cardiovascular disease.ResultsSimulations and phantom experiments show that the saturation pulse prepared heart‐rate‐independent inversion recovery pre‐pulse in LGE reduces ghosting artifacts and results in perfect nulling of the healthy myocardium in the presence of arrhythmia. In T1 mapping, saturation pulse prepared heart‐rate‐independent inversion recovery results in (a) reduced scan time (17 vs. 9 heartbeats), (b) insensitivity to heart rate for long T1, and (c) increased signal homogeneity for short T1. LGE images in a patient in atrial fibrillation during the scan show improved myocardial nulling. In vivo T1 maps demonstrate increased signal homogeneity in blood pools and myocardium.ConclusionThe proposed sequences are insensitive to heart rate variability, yield improved LGE images in the presence of arrhythmias, as well as T1 mapping with shorter scan times. Magn Reson Med 71:1024–1034, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New echocardiographic techniques in the evaluation of left ventricular function in obesity
Authors: Di Bello Vitantonio , Fabiani Iacopo , Conte Lorenzo , Barletta Valentina , Delle Donne Maria Grazia , Cuono Cucco , Leo Laura Anna , Dini Frank Lloyd , Marzilli Mario , Pinchera Aldo , Santini Ferruccio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions and is associated with numerous comorbidities, including major cardiovascular (CV) diseases.Design and Methods:It has many adverse effects on hemodynamics and CV structure and function: it increases total blood volume and cardiac output, and the cardiac workload is greater. Typically, obese patients have a higher cardiac output but a lower level of total peripheral resistance at any given level of arterial pressure. Most of the increase in cardiac output in obesity is caused by stroke volume, although heart rate typically mildly increases also due to enhanced sympathetic activation.Results:Over the last few years, experimental investigations have unraveled some important pathogenetic mechanisms that may underlie a specific form of “obesity cardiomyopathy.” Bariatric surgery represents an effective alternative to treat obesity when nonsurgical weight loss programs (diet + behavior modifications + regular exercise) have failed. A great numbers of questions are still open in the global comprehension of the pathophysiological interactions between obesity and heart.Conclusion:Conventional two‐dimensional Doppler echocardiography, integrated by relative new technological ultrasonic approaches, represents the reference technique to study and possibly clarify both the very complex hemodynamic changes induced by obesity and those relative to obesity treatment.
Small‐platelet thrombocytopenia in a family with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern
Authors: Levin Carina , Zalman Lucia , Tamary Hannah , Krasnov Tanya , Khayat Morad , Shalev Stavit , Salama Ihsan , Koren Ariel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe describe the clinical and laboratory features of a family of Arab ancestry and consanguinity. Five affected individuals were diagnosed in two sibships. All affected members have small platelets, severe to moderate thrombocytopenia of neonatal onset, increased bleeding tendency and bleeding complications such as: life‐threatening massive hemoperitoneum due to corpus luteum rupture during ovulation and severe mucosal bleeding. The familial involvement and early onset of the disease support the presence of a congenital genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This does not fit the clinical spectrum of any of the currently known thrombocytopenia disorders. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E128–E130. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective binding of antimicrobial porphyrins to the heme‐receptor IsdH‐NEAT3 of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vu Nhuan T. , Moriwaki Yoshitaka , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Terada Tohru , Tsutsumi Hiroshi , Hamachi Itaru , Shimizu Kentaro , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Isd (iron‐regulated surface determinant) system of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the acquisition of heme from the host organism. We recently reported that the extracellular heme receptor IsdH‐NEAT3 captures and transfers noniron antimicrobial porphyrins containing metals in oxidation state (III). However, it is unclear if geometric factors such as the size of the metal (ionic radius) affect binding and transfer of metalloporphyrins. We carried out an ample structural, functional, and thermodynamic analysis of the binding properties of antimicrobial indium(III)‐porphyrin, which bears a much larger metal ion than the iron(III) of the natural ligand heme. The results demonstrate that the NEAT3 receptor recognizes the In(III)‐containing PPIX in a manner very similar to that of heme. Site‐directed mutagenesis identifies Tyr642 as the central element in the recognition mechanism as suggested from the crystal structures. Importantly, the NEAT3 receptor possesses the remarkable ability to capture dimers of metalloporphyrin. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that IsdH‐NEAT3 does not require conformational changes, or large rearrangements of the residues within its binding site, to accommodate the much larger (heme)2 ligand. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of potent inhibitors against this family of key receptors of S. aureus.
Preliminary XAS investigations on some phases of the Cu‐Sn‐S system
Authors: Di Benedetto Francesco , d'Acapito Francesco , Bencistà Ilaria , Luca Antonio De , Fornaciai Gabriele , Frizzera Silvia , Innocenti Massimo , Montegrossi Giordano , Pardi Luca A. , Romanelli Maurizio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractX‐ray absorption spectroscopy investigation has been carried out at the Cu K edge on synthetic materials belonging to the ternary Cu‐Sn‐S system. In particular, Cu3SnS4 nanocrystalline powders, obtained through a solvothermal approach, and Cu4SnS4 microcrystalline powders, obtained through standard solid state reactions, were investigated.From the XANES spectra, Cu is confirmed to be monovalent in both samples, thus implying a complex mechanism to achieve charge balance in Cu3SnS4. In this sample, the Cu‐S EXAFS distance is found surprisingly short, and this suggests that Cu ions could be shifted outside the barycentre of the tetrahedra. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films prepared by thermal crystallization in S/Se atmosphere and their photovoltaic applications
Authors: Yamaguchi T. , Oka Y. , Niiyama S. , Imanishi T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films were prepared by annealing the Cu/Sn/Zn precursors in sulfur/selenium mixing atmosphere. From EPMA analysis, the S/(S+Se) mole ratio in the thin films increased with increasing the S/(S+Se) mole ratio in the sealed ampoule. XRD study showed that the thin films had a kesterite phase in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 and the a‐ and c‐axis constants decreased with increasing the S/(S+Se) mole ratio in the thin films, following the usual linear Vegard behavior. Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cells annealed in S/Se atmosphere with an addition of Sn demonstrated Voc=460 mV, Isc=6.99 mA/cm2 and Voc=605 mV, Isc=5.53 mA/cm2. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First principles calculations of electronic structures for orthorhombic and monoclinic Cu4SnS4
Authors: Goto Yosuke , Kamihara Yoichi , Matoba Masanori 
Published: May 2013

AbstractElectronic structures of orthorhombic and monoclinic Cu4SnS4, which exhibit a first‐order phase transition at 232 K, are demonstrated based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated band gap was 0.39 eV for orthorhombic phase, while that was not obtained for monoclinic one. These calculated results confirm monoclinic phase has smaller activation energy (Ea) than orthorhombic phase. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties of shandite‐type Co3Sn2S2‐xSex
Authors: Sakai Yuki , Kamihara Yoichi , Matoba Masanori 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigated the magnetic properties of polycrystalline Co3Sn2S2‐xSex (0≤x ≤1.2) to ascertain the magnetism of the metallic ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2. In Co3Sn2S2‐xSex, TC and magnetization gradually decrease with increasing x, but there is no magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic throughout the full range of composition. These results indicate that Se substitution effect on magnetism is small compared with In and Ni substitution. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ESR study of Ce3+ ions in a CaGa2S4 single crystal
Authors: Kitajima Ittetsu , Takizawa Takeo , Hidaka Chiharu , Nomura Shigetaka 
Published: May 2013

AbstractESR measurements have been carried out to determine the local environment and the ground state of Ce3+ ions in the orthorhombic CaGa2S4 at 4.2 K. More than 30 ESR lines are observed with almost the same angular dependence. The local symmetry and the anisotropic g ‐tensor for the four strongest ESR signals indicate that Ce3+ ions substitute the three independent Ca sites. A part of Ce3+ ions at the Ca2+ sites and a neighbouring sulphur vacancy are expected to form complex centers in view of the other weak ESR lines observed. The ground state of Ce3+ in the host lattice is shown to consist of mostly ϕ±1/2 by fitting the ESR spectra using the spin Hamiltonian. The upper 2F7/2 state is thought to be slightly mixed into the ground state 2F5/2 judging from a small difference in the fitting. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trap levels in CaGa2S4 co‐doped with Eu and rare earth elements
Authors: Hidaka Chiharu , Takizawa Takeo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLong afterglows are observed in the case of co‐doping CaGa2S4 with Eu and one of the other rare earth elements (REEs). Thermoluminescence spectra of these compounds have been measured in order to determine their trap depths. Photoluminescence spectra and decay curves have been also observed. The emission intensities, decay times and trap depths are shown as a function of the f‐electron number of REEs, and the correlation between these properties and the 4f and 5d levels of divalent and trivalent REEs in the band structure of CaGa2S4 is discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and electrical characterization of transparent Ga‐doped ZnO thin films grown by atmospheric spray pyrolysis using diethylzinc solution
Authors: Oshima Minoru , Ide Akiko , Mochihara Akiko , Yoshino Kenji , Tanikemoto Yujin , Toyota Kouji , Inaba Koichiro , Haga Ken‐ichi , Naka Toshio , Tokudome Koichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNon‐doped and Ga‐doped ZnO film on glass substrate were successfully grown at 150 °C by conventional atmospheric spray pyrolysis using diethylzinc‐based solution. The samples had an average optical transmittance of more than 80% and were strongly a‐axis orientated according to the results of optical transmittance and X‐ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The n‐type Ga‐doped ZnO films had a low resistivity of 2.3 × 10–3 Ωcm, a carrier concentration of 1.1 × 1020 cm–3 and a mobility of 10 cm2 (Vs)–1 at an optimal Ga content of 2 at% upon UV irradiation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liposomal Encapsulation of a Near‐Infrared Fluorophore Enhances Fluorescence Quenching and Reliable Whole Body Optical Imaging Upon Activation In Vivo
Authors: Tansi Felista L. , Rüger Ronny , Rabenhold Markus , Steiniger Frank , Fahr Alfred , Kaiser Werner A. , Hilger Ingrid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the past decade, there has been significant progress in the development of water soluble near‐infrared fluorochromes for use in a wide range of imaging applications. Fluorochromes with high photo and thermal stability, sensitivity, adequate pharmacological properties and absorption/emission maxima within the near infrared window (650–900 nm) are highly desired for in vivo imaging, since biological tissues show very low absorption and auto‐fluorescence at this spectrum window. Taking these properties into consideration, a myriad of promising near infrared fluorescent probes has been developed recently. However, a hallmark of most of these probes is a rapid clearance in vivo, which hampers their application. It is hypothesized that encapsulation of the near infrared fluorescent dye DY‐676‐COOH, which undergoes fluorescence quenching at high concentrations, in the aqueous interior of liposomes will result in protection and fluorescence quenching, which upon degradation by phagocytes in vivo will lead to fluorescence activation and enable imaging of inflammation. Liposomes prepared with high concentrations of DY‐676‐COOH reveal strong fluorescence quenching. It is demonstrated that the non‐targeted PEGylated fluorescence‐activatable liposomes are taken up predominantly by phagocytosis and degraded in lysosomes. Furthermore, in zymosan‐induced edema models in mice, the liposomes are taken up by monocytes and macrophages which migrate to the sites of inflammation. Opposed to free DY‐676‐COOH, prolonged stability and retention of liposomal‐DY‐676‐COOH is reflected in a significant increase in fluorescence intensity of edema. Thus, protected delivery and fluorescence quenching make the DY‐676‐COOH‐loaded liposomes a highly promising contrast agent for in vivo optical imaging of inflammatory diseases.
Ammonium and Guanidinium Dendron–Carbon Nanotubes by Amidation and Click Chemistry and their Use for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Battigelli Alessia , Wang Julie Tzu‐Wen , Russier Julie , Da Ros Tatiana , Kostarelos Kostas , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T. , Prato Maurizio , Bianco Alberto 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) conjugates is described, functionalized with different dendrons bearing positive charges at their termini (i.e. ammonium or guanidinium groups). The dendrimeric units are anchored to the nanotube scaffolds using two orthogonal synthetic approaches, amidation and click reactions. The final nanohybrids are characterized by complementary analytical techniques, while their ability to interact with siRNA is investigated by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. The demonstration of the cell uptake capacity, the low cytotoxicity, and the ability of these cationic conjugates to silence cytotoxic genes suggests them to be promising carriers for genetic material.
One Dy I Kud Not Red a Book Bot Naw I Can: One English Learner's Progress
Authors: Amendum Steve , Amendum Emily , Almond Pamela 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article describes a year‐long reading intervention with a first‐grade English‐learner who began the year as a non‐reader. Systematic instruction from a literacy specialist and her classroom teacher included familiar re‐reading, word study, and teacher‐guided reading with carefully matched texts, within the context of English language and vocabulary development. Intervention instruction facilitated this young English learner's grade‐level achievement by the end of the school year. Intervention strategies, intensity, and the student's progress are described.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a New 2D Twofold Interpenetrated Coordination Polymer [Cu(3,4‐pybz)2]n
Authors: Tang Long , Fu Feng , Gao Loujun , Wei Qingbo , Zhang Zhulian , Liu Qirui 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new coordination polymer, [Cu(3, 4‐pybz)2]n (1) [3,4‐Hpybz = 3‐pyridin‐4‐yl‐benzoic acid], was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of CuCl2·2H2O and 3,4‐Hpybz, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, PXRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure determination reveals that 1 exhibits a 2D twofold interpenetrated 4‐connected (4,4) network topology, these 2D layers are further enlarged to form the final 3D supramolecular edifice via aromatic π–π stacking interactions. In addition, the magnetic behavior and thermogravimetric analysis of 1 were also studied.
Synthesis, X‐ray Diffraction Study, and Cytotoxicity of a ­Cationic p‐Cymene Ruthenium Chloro Complex Containing a Chelating Semicarbazone Ligand
Authors: Zhou Quan , Li Peiyuan , Lu Rumei , Qian Quanquan , Lei Xiaolin , Xiao Qi , Huang Shan , Liu Lifeng , Huang Chusheng , Su Wei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn organometallic salt composed of a new cationic p‐cymene ruthenium chloro complex containing a chelating benzaldehyde semicarbazone ligand and of the known anionic p‐cymene ruthenium trichloro complex, [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(bzsc)Cl]+[(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl3]– (1) (bzsc = benzaldehyde semicarbazone) was synthesized and further characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy HR‐ESI mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The single‐crystal structure of 1 was also determined. The in vitro anticancer activities of the complex was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (SGC‐7901, BEL‐7404 and CNE‐1), and the IC50 values were 20.7, 71.1 and 42.6 μM, respectively.