bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN OF CUBAN WOMEN LIVING IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PLAZA DE LA REVOLUCIÓN, HAVANA, CUBA
Authors: VÁZQUEZ VANESSA , CAMARGO ANA M. , ACOSTA MARLEN , ALONSO VERÓNICA , LUNA FRANCISCO 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis paper assesses the reproductive and abortion patterns of women living in Plaza de la Revolución, a municipality of Havana, Cuba, by studying the factors influencing birth and abortion rates. Socio-demographic data and female reproductive histories were collected in a survey of 1200 post-menopausal women living in the municipality. Average ages at menarche and at menopause were 12.71 and 48.39 years, respectively, thus yielding a potential long reproductive period of 35.68 years, indicating high fertility. Although the mean pregnancy rate was 3.81 pregnancies per woman, the live birth rate at time of delivery was only 1.89 due to the high rate of abortions: 40% of all pregnancies were voluntarily interrupted. Among the biological and socio-cultural variables that were found to influence the rate of live births were those related marriage pattern, especially age at first union. Demographic variables such as pregnancy order, maternal age and marital status were the main determinants of the abortion pattern, with abortion being used as a method of birth control in order to obtain the desired family size, and most women (75.2%) using contraceptives.
Long-term psychosocial impact of otoplasty performed on children with prominent ears
Authors: Songu M , Kutlu A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the psychosocial impact of prominent ears on children, and evaluate the outcomes of otoplasty two years after surgery, using the Child Behavior Checklist to comparatively evaluate patients' psychosocial profiles.Method and results:A total of 198 otoplasty procedures were performed in 107 patients (85 per cent bilateral procedures). Otoplasty was performed solely in 86 patients and concurrently with other procedures in 21 patients. All children who underwent surgery obtained good post-operative results, with satisfactory correction of the deformity reported by the patients and their parents or guardians. There were statistically significant decreases in Child Behavior Checklist scores in the domains of: anxiety and depression (p = 0.028), social problems (p = 0.018), difficulties in thinking (p = 0.012), total behavioural problems (p = 0.012), internalising problems (p = 0.020) and externalising problems (p = 0.044), and near-significant decreases in scores for attention problems (p = 0.055) and aggressive behaviour (p = 0.078). There was a statistically significant increase in the score for total social competence (p = 0.031).Conclusion:Psychological problems associated with anatomical deformities such as prominent ears can be reduced by means of appropriate corrective surgery. Psychological support is necessary for the patient.
Increased visual gamma power in schizoaffective bipolar disorder
Authors: Brealy J. A. , Shaw A. , Richardson H. , Singh K. D. , Muthukumaraswamy S. D. , Keedwell P. A. 
Published: August 2014

Background.Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies have identified alterations in gamma-band (30–80 Hz) cortical activity in schizophrenia and mood disorders, consistent with neural models of disturbed glutamate (and GABA) neuron influence over cortical pyramidal cells. Genetic evidence suggests specific deficits in GABA-A receptor function in schizoaffective bipolar disorder (SABP), a clinical syndrome with features of both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This study investigated gamma oscillations in this under-researched disorder.Method.MEG was used to measure induced gamma and evoked responses to a visual grating stimulus, known to be a potent inducer of primary visual gamma oscillations, in 15 individuals with remitted SABP, defined using Research Diagnostic Criteria, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results.Individuals with SABP demonstrated increased sustained visual cortical power in the gamma band (t35 = −2.56, p = 0.015) compared to controls. There were no group differences in baseline gamma power, transient or sustained gamma frequency, alpha band responses or pattern onset visual-evoked responses.Conclusions.Gamma power is increased in remitted SABP, which reflects an abnormality in the cortical inhibitory-excitatory balance. Although an interaction between gamma power and medication can not be ruled out, there were no group differences in evoked responses or baseline measures. Further work is needed in other clinical populations and at-risk relatives. Pharmaco-magnetoencephalography studies will help to elucidate the specific GABA and glutamate pathways affected.
From restoration to unification: legitimacy and loyalty in the writings of Xu Xuan (917–992)
Authors: Woolley Nathan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWorks produced by Xu Xuan, a Chinese scholar-official of the tenth century, on either side of the Southern Tang–Song divide reveal the challenges on the issue of loyalty he faced in serving more than one state. Xu's works suggest that a personal transfer of service brought complications for any official seeking to write about the past, but these could be addressed according to context. Under the Song, the requirements of the new orthodoxy forced compromises and concessions in the sentiments he expressed, but he was still able to maintain reverence for the Southern Tang and its achievements.
‘People here speak five languages!’: The reindexicalization of minority language practice among Carinthian Slovenes in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Weichselbraun Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the transformation of minority language practice in the light of changing European language ideologies. Following a group of young Carinthian Slovenes from their rural hometowns to the capital of Vienna, this article analyzes their metadiscursive commentary about place and language in order to show how local language ideologies structure the indexical orders under which these individuals learn to assign meaning to linguistic practice. The data I present illustrates that these young members of a rurally stigmatized linguistic minority experience a transformation of their language-associated personhood in Vienna. There, their bilingualism allows them to be cosmopolitan participants in a European vision of mobile multilingual citizenship, while simultaneously troubling the language hierarchies erased by European language ideologies. (Linguistic minority, language ideology, indexical order, chronotopes, multilingualism, Carinthian Slovenes, Austria, Europe)
A novel approach for representing and generalising periodic gaits
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Chin , Howard Matthew , Vijayakumar Sethu 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYOur goal is to introduce a more appropriate method of representing, generalising and comparing gaits; particularly, walking gait. Human walking gaits are a result of complex, interdependent factors that include variations resulting from embodiments, environment and tasks, making techniques that use average template frameworks suboptimal for systematic analysis or corrective interventions. The proposed work aims to devise methodologies for being able to represent gaits and gait transitions such that optimal policies that eliminate the inter-personal variations from tasks and embodiments may be recovered. Our approach is built upon (i) work in the domain of nullspace policy recovery and (ii) previous work in generalisation for point-to-point movements. The problem is formalised using a walking-phase model, and the nullspace learning method is used to generalise a consistent policy from multiple observations with rich variations. Once recovered, the underlying policies (mapped to different gait phases) can serve as reference guideline to quantify and identify pathological gaits while being robust against interpersonal and task variations. To validate our methods, we have demonstrated robustness of our method with simulated sagittal two-link gait data with multiple ground truth constraints and policies. Pathological gait identification was then tested on real-world human gait data with induced gait abnormality, with the proposed method showing significant robustness to variations in speed and embodiment compared to template-based methods. Future work will extend this to kinetic features and higher dimensional features.
Mobility analysis and kinematic synthesis of a novel 4-DoF parallel manipulator
Authors: Dong Gang , Sun Tao , Song Yimin , Gao Hao , Lian Binbin 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a novel parallel manipulator with 1 translational and 3 rotational degrees of freedom, which may be designed as the docking equipment for large-scale component assemblage in the aircraft industry. First, the mobility and kinematic analysis of the novel manipulator is performed using the screw theory and the closed-loop vector method. To evaluate the kinematic performance of the manipulator, its workspace is calculated, and the dimensional homogeneous Jacobian matrix of this manipulator is deduced. Mainly based on a nonlinear programming approach, the kinematic dimensional synthesis is performed to optimise the dimensional parameters of this novel parallel manipulator in a prescribed workspace. The results of this paper may lay a solid foundation for the prototype design and manufacture of the novel parallel manipulator.
Synthesis and characterization of a new trimetallic compound (NH4)Ni2.4Co0.6O(OH)(MoO4)2•1.5H2O
Authors: Amaya Sandra , Arboleda Johana , Echavarría Adriana 
Published: August 2014

A new trimetallic compound with formula (NH4)Ni2.4Co0.6O(OH)(MoO4)2•1.5H2O was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. The solid was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, Laser Raman spectroscopy, and chemical analysis by atomic absorption, confirming the formation of the layered phase ϕy. Crystallographic studies showed that the compound obtained is trigonal with hexagonal unit-cell parameters, a = 6.0468 ± 0.0016 Å and c = 21.8433 ± 0.0001 Å, and space group R-3m.
Anthropometry and body composition of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents under therapy with and without protease inhibitors
Authors: dos Reis Lígia Cardoso , de Carvalho Rondó Patrícia Helen , de Sousa Marques Heloisa Helena , José Segri Neuber 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been documented, it is thought to be associated to disturbances in nutritional status. These disturbances may occur early in life and are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric parameters and body composition of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents under HAART, according to use and non-use of protease inhibitors.DesignCross-sectional study undertaken between August and December 2007. Demographic, socio-economic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected from the patients. Theχ2test, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann–Whitney) andttest were used to compare the following variables between users and non-users of protease inhibitors: age, gender, per capita income, HAART exposure, antiretroviral therapy adopted in the last three years, CD4 count, viral load, pubertal stage, nutritional status (BMI-for-age, height-for-age, waist and neck circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, upper-arm fat area and upper-arm muscle area).SettingAn HIV/AIDS out-patient clinic, São Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsOne hundred and fifteen patients (children and adolescents aged 6–19 years).ResultsProtease inhibitors users had a higher prevalence of stunting (P=0·03), lower BMI (P=0·03) and lower percentage of body fat (P=0·05) compared with non-users. There was no statistically significant difference between the HAART regimens and measurements of fat adiposity.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that children and adolescents under protease inhibitors are at higher risk of growth and development deviations, but not at risk of body fat redistribution.
Checking termination of bottom-up evaluation of logic programs with function symbols
Authors: CALAUTTI MARCO , GRECO SERGIO , SPEZZANO FRANCESCA , TRUBITSYNA IRINA 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing interest in the bottom-up evaluation of the semantics of logic programs with complex terms. The presence of function symbols in the program may render the ground instantiation infinite, and finiteness of models and termination of the evaluation procedure, in the general case, are not guaranteed anymore. Since the program termination problem is undecidable in the general case, several decidable criteria (called program termination criteria) have been recently proposed. However, current conditions are not able to identify even simple programs, whose bottom-up execution always terminates. The paper introduces new decidable criteria for checking termination of logic programs with function symbols under bottom-up evaluation, by deeply analyzing the program structure. First, we analyze the propagation of complex terms among arguments by means of the extended version of the argument graph calledpropagation graph. The resulting criterion, calledacyclicity, generalizes most of the decidable criteria proposed so far. Next, we study how rules may activate each other and define a more powerful criterion, calledsafety. This criterion uses the so-calledsafety functionable to analyze how rules may activate each other and how the presence of some arguments in a rule limits its activation. We also study the application of the proposed criteria to bound queries and show that the safety criterion is well-suited to identify relevant classes of programs and bound queries. Finally, we propose a hierarchy of classes of terminating programs, calledk-safety, where thek-safe class strictly includes the (k-1)-safe class.
Uncertainty, judgment, and the theory of the firm
Authors: HALLBERG NIKLAS L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:The effects of a truly uncertain future are more far-reaching than what has traditionally been assumed in transaction cost economics (TCE). Uncertain governance choices require that agents exercise judgment in the absence of other means of estimating the payoffs associated with complex combinations of transaction attributes, contractual contingencies, and governance structures. Judgments are made on an experimental basis to incrementally improve actors’ heterogeneous cognitive representations of the contractual landscape. I argue that uncertain governance choices are subject to specific decision-biases that interact with the potentially corrective function of current organization and asymmetries in actors’ access to decision-supporting systems. These asymmetries may affect the contracting parties’ preferences over differential governance structures. Specifically, by overestimating individual unbiased rationality and disregarding how access to decision-supporting systems may affect governance choice, TCE runs the risk of underestimating the degree of vertical integration in actual firms.
Ultra wideband matching network design for a V-shaped square planar monopole antenna
Authors: Köprü Ramazan , Kilinç Sedat , Aydin Çağatay , Atilla Doğu Çağdaş , Karakuş Cahit , Yarman Binboğa Siddik 
Published: August 2014

In this paper, design, manufacture, and measurement of a wideband matching network for a broadband V-shaped square planar monopole antenna (V-SPMA) is presented. Matching network design is unavoidable in most cases even vital to facilitate a maximally flat power transfer gain for an antenna. In the work, a bandpass matching network (BPMN) design is done for a particular square monopole antenna with V-shaped coupling element that has essentially bandwidth increasing effect. Designed BPMN and the antenna forms a VSPMA–BPMN matched antenna structure. “real frequency technique” is employed in the BPMN design. BPMN prototype circuit has been constructed on an FR4 laminate with commercial microwave chip inductors and capacitors. Vector network analyzer gain and reflectance measurements of the matched antenna structure have shown highly compatible results to those of the theoretical design simulations along the passband (~0.8–4.7 GHz). Furthermore, newly proposed distributed capacitor–resistor lossy model for microstrip lines used in the BPMN circuit have exhibited that it can successfully mimic the measured gain and reflectance performance of the matched structure in passband and even in stopband upto 8 GHz. Designed structure can be utilized as a one single wideband broadcasting medium suitable for many communication standards such as GSM, 3G, and Wi-Fi.
Invertebrate extracellular phagocyte traps show that chromatin is an ancient defence weapon
Authors: Robb Calum T. , Dyrynda Elisabeth A. , Gray Robert D. , Rossi Adriano G. , Smith Valerie J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractControlled release of chromatin from the nuclei of inflammatory cells is a process that entraps and kills microorganisms in the extracellular environment. Now termed ETosis, it is important for innate immunity in vertebrates. Paradoxically, however, in mammals, it can also contribute to certain pathologies. Here we show that ETosis occurs in several invertebrate species, including, remarkably, an acoelomate. Our findings reveal that the phenomenon is primordial and predates the evolution of the coelom. In invertebrates, the released chromatin participates in defence not only by ensnaring microorganisms and externalizing antibacterial histones together with other haemocyte-derived defence factors, but crucially, also provides the scaffold on which intact haemocytes assemble during encapsulation; a response that sequesters and kills potential pathogens infecting the body cavity. This insight into the early origin of ETosis identifies it as a very ancient process that helps explain some of its detrimental effects in mammals.
Interaction Between Domperidone and Ketoconazole: Toward Prediction of Consequent QTc Prolongation Using Purely In Vitro Information
Authors: Mishra H , Polak S , Jamei M , Rostami‐Hodjegan A 
Published: August 2014

We aimed to investigate the application of combined mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and simulation in predicting the domperidone (DOM) triggered pseudo‐electrocardiogram modification in the presence of a CYP3A inhibitor, ketoconazole (KETO), using in vitro–in vivo extrapolation. In vitro metabolic and inhibitory data were incorporated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models within Simcyp to simulate time course of plasma DOM and KETO concentrations when administered alone or in combination with KETO (DOM+KETO). Simulated DOM concentrations in plasma were used to predict changes in gender‐specific QTcF (Fridericia correction) intervals within the Cardiac Safety Simulator platform taking into consideration DOM, KETO, and DOM+KETO triggered inhibition of multiple ionic currents in population. Combination of in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, PBPK, and systems pharmacology of electric currents in the heart was able to predict the direction and magnitude of PK and PD changes under coadministration of the two drugs although some disparities were detected.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e130; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.26; published online 13 August 2014
Modeling and Simulation of Count Data
Authors: Plan EL 
Published: August 2014

Count data, or number of events per time interval, are discrete data arising from repeated time to event observations. Their mean count, or piecewise constant event rate, can be evaluated by discrete probability distributions from the Poisson model family. Clinical trial data characterization often involves population count analysis. This tutorial presents the basics and diagnostics of count modeling and simulation in the context of pharmacometrics. Consideration is given to overdispersion, underdispersion, autocorrelation, and inhomogeneity.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e129; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.27; published online 13 August 2014
Drastic change in China's lakes and reservoirs over the past decades
Authors: Yang Xiankun , Lu Xixi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUsing remote sensing images, we provided the first complete picture of freshwater bodies in mainland China. We mapped 89,700 reservoirs, covering about 26,870 km2 and approximately 185,000 lakes with a surface area of about 82,232 km2. Despite relatively small surface area, the total estimated storage capacity of reservoirs (794 km3) is triple that of lakes (268 km3). Further analysis indicates that reservoir construction has made the river systems strongly regulated: only 6% of the assessed river basins are free-flowing; 20% of assessed river basins have enough cumulative reservoir capacity to store more than the entire annual river flow. Despite the existence of 2,721 lakes greater than 1 km2, we found that about 50 lakes greater than km2 have formed on the Tibetan Plateau resulting from climate change. More than 350 lakes of ≥1 km2 vanished in four other major lake regions. Although the disappearance of lakes happened in the context of global climate change, it principally reflects the severe anthropogenic impacts on natural lakes, such as, the excessive plundering of water resources on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and serious destruction (land reclamation and urbanization) on the eastern plains.
Trichomes - importance in plant defence and plant breeding.
Authors: Snyder J. C. , Antonious G. F. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal hairs that can occur on nearly all plant surfaces. Structures are diverse among higher plants, but generally conserved within taxa. Consequently, trichomes have served as taxonomic characters. Because of their size and location, trichomes often mediate interactions between the plant organ and the external environment. Examples of how trichomes may mediate these interactions between the plant and its abiotic and biotic environment are delineated. A recent progress in breeding for trichome characters is reviewed. Lastly, because the tomato germplasm pool is an extremely rich resource for diversity of trichome characters and crop defence, progress in evaluating and utilizing tomato trichomes for arthropod resistance in tomato and other uses of tomato trichomes is discussed.
Tools for improving environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry.
Authors: Gil-Saura I. , Ruiz M. E. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Several organizations have raised the issue of negative effects of transportation and some other activities related to hospitality on the environment. In response to these warnings, a fast-growing tourist segment with a high degree of environmental awareness is pressing the hospitality industry to implement tools to minimize the impact of their activities on climate change. In particular, some applications of information and communication technologies (ICT) offer a direct contribution to the reduction of the demand of supplies and energy by the hospitality industry. Other initiatives, such as eco-friendly labels and environmentally sustainable practices, are being implemented by accommodation establishments. Notwithstanding, the level of use of some of these tools is still reduced. The literature on environmental sustainability and tourism management discusses the level of implementation, and the advantages and challenges of the different environmentally friendly practices. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art on the main tools being used to pursue environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry, and evaluating their potential to reduce the environmental impact of hospitality and tourism activities.