bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the efficacy of brief interventions to reduce hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption between European and non‐European countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Elzerbi Catherine , Donoghue Kim , Drummond Colin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsThe extent of variation attributable to regional differences for the efficacy of brief intervention (BI) to reduce hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to determine overall efficacy of BI at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up in primary health care (PHC) and emergency department (ED) studies. The secondary aim was to examine whether variance in study outcome can be explained by the geographical region in which trials have taken place (European versus non‐European).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before August 2014 was undertaken. Twenty RCTs conducted in PHC settings with a total of 8226 participants (European = 4564/non‐European = 3662) and eight RCTs conducted in ED settings with a total of 4799 participants (European = 2465/non‐European = 2334) were eligible. Primary outcome measure was reduction in grams of alcohol consumed per week for BI and control groups at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. An inverse variance model was applied to measure the effect of treatment in mean differences for BI and control groups at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Variance between study outcomes was explored using subgroup analysis of European versus non‐European countries.ResultsFor PHC trials at 6‐month follow‐up, statistically significant benefits of BI were indicated [mean difference (MD) = −21.98 g/week; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −37.40 to −6.57; P = 0.005]. At 12‐month follow‐up, statistically significant benefit of BI was evident (MD = −30.86 g/week; 95% CI = −46.49 to −15.23; P = 0.0001). For ED trials at 6‐month follow‐up, statistically significant benefits of BI were indicated (MD = −17.97 g/week; 95% CI = −29.69 to −6.24; P = 0.003). At 12‐month follow‐up, statistically significant benefit in favour of BI was evident (MD = −18.21 g/week; 95% CI = −26.71 to −9.70; P < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were detected in subgroup analyses of outcomes for European versus non‐European studies.ConclusionsBrief intervention (BI) to reduce alcohol consumption is associated with reducing grams of alcohol consumed per week among hazardous and harmful drinkers at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up in primary health care and emergency department trials. The geographical region in which trials are undertaken does not appear to explain the variance in trial outcomes for reducing alcohol consumption.
Pain as a predictor of heavy drinking and any drinking lapses in the COMBINE study and the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial
Authors: Witkiewitz Katie , Vowles Kevin E. , McCallion Elizabeth , Frohe Tessa , Kirouac Megan , Maisto Stephen A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo test the association between pain and heavy drinking lapses during and following treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD).DesignSecondary data analysis of data from two clinical trials for AUD.Setting and participantsParticipants included 1383 individuals from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions (COMBINE) Study in the United States [69.0% male, 76.8% non‐Hispanic White average age = 44.4, standard deviation (SD) = 10.2] and 742 individuals from the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT) in the United Kingdom [74.1% male, 95.6% White, average age = 41.6 (SD = 10.1)].MeasurementsForm‐90 (a structured assessment interview) was used to assess the primary outcome: time to first heavy drinking day. The Short Form Health Survey and Quality of Life measures were used to assess pain interference and pain intensity.FindingsPain was a significant predictor of heavy drinking lapses during treatment in UKATT [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.32, P = 0.0003] and COMBINE (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.21, P = 0.009), and was a significant predictor of heavy drinking lapses following treatment in COMBINE (OR = 1.163, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.17, P < 0.00001). After controlling for other relapse risk factors (e.g. dependence severity, self‐efficacy, temptation, psychiatric distress), pain remained a significant predictor of heavy drinking lapses during treatment in UKATT (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.34, P = 0.004) and following treatment in COMBINE (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.92, P = 0.01).ConclusionsAmong people treated for alcohol use disorder, being in physical pain appears to predict heavy drinking lapses during or after treatment.
Strength and sensation after epidural ropivacaine in men and women
Authors: Gan S. , Song L. , Chen W. , Feng Z. , Li Y. , Zhang J. , Zhu S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe injected 15 ml epidural ropivacaine in 30 men and 30 women to determine the median dose required to impair a straight‐leg raise. We started at a concentration of 0.425%, increasing the concentration by 0.025% after an ineffective injection and decreasing the concentration by 0.025% after an effective injection. The median (95% CI) concentration of ropivacaine that prevented straight‐leg raise within 30 min of injection was 0.43% (0.41–0.45%) in men and 0.40% (0.39–0.41%) in women, p = 0.001. There were no differences in dermatome levels for loss of pinprick and cold sensation between men and women.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea
Authors: Slattery S. A. , Niaz O. , Aziz Q. , Ford A. C. , Farmer A. D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome is a widespread disorder with a marked socioeconomic burden. Previous studies support the proposal that a subset of patients with features compatible with diarrhoea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D) have bile acid malabsorption (BAM).AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of BAM in patients meeting the accepted criteria for IBS‐D.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to March 2015. Studies recruiting adults with IBS‐D, defined by the Manning, Kruis, Rome I, II or III criteria and which used 23‐seleno‐25‐homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT) testing for the assessment of BAM were included. BAM was defined as 7 day SeHCAT retention of <10%. We calculated the rate of BAM and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2).ResultsThe search strategy identified six relevant studies comprising 908 individuals. The rate of BAM ranged from 16.9% to 35.3%. The pooled rate was 28.1% (95% CI: 22.6–34%). There was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes (Q‐test χ2 = 17.9, P < 0.004; I2 = 72.1%). The type of diagnostic criteria used or study country did not significantly modify the effect.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence that in excess of one quarter of patients meeting accepted criteria for IBS‐D have bile acid malabsorption. This distinction has implications for the interpretation of previous studies, as well as contemporaneous clinical practice and future guideline development.
Nonparametric discrete survival function estimation with uncertain endpoints using an internal validation subsample
Authors: Zee Jarcy , Xie Sharon X. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWhen a true survival endpoint cannot be assessed for some subjects, an alternative endpoint that measures the true endpoint with error may be collected, which often occurs when obtaining the true endpoint is too invasive or costly. We develop an estimated likelihood function for the situation where we have both uncertain endpoints for all participants and true endpoints for only a subset of participants. We propose a nonparametric maximum estimated likelihood estimator of the discrete survival function of time to the true endpoint. We show that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that the proposed estimator has little bias compared to the naïve Kaplan–Meier survival function estimator, which uses only uncertain endpoints, and more efficient with moderate missingness compared to the complete‐case Kaplan–Meier survival function estimator, which uses only available true endpoints. Finally, we apply the proposed method to a data set for estimating the risk of detecting Alzheimer's disease from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
Effect of polyphenolic phytochemicals on ectopic oxidative phosphorylation in rod outer segments of bovine retina
Authors: Calzia Daniela , Oneto Michele , Caicci Federico , Bianchini Paolo , Ravera Silvia , Bartolucci Martina , Diaspro Alberto , Degan Paolo , Manni Lucia , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Panfoli Isabella 
Published: April 2015

Background and PurposeThe rod outer segments (OS) of the retina are specialized organelles where phototransduction takes place. The mitochondrial electron transport complexes I–IV, cytochrome c and FoF1‐ATP synthase are functionally expressed in the OS disks. Here, we have studied the effect of some polyphenolic compounds acting as inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase/synthase activity on the OS ectopic FoF1‐ ATP synthase. The mechanism of apoptosis in the OS was also investigated studying the expression of cytochrome c, caspase 9 and 3 and Apaf‐1.Experimental ApproachWe prepared OS from fresh bovine retinae. Semi‐quantitative Western blotting, confocal and electron microscopy, and cytofluorimetry were used along with biochemical analyses such as oximetry, ATP synthesis and hydrolysis.Key ResultsResveratrol and curcumin plus piperine inhibited ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption in the OS. Epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin inhibited ATP hydrolysis and oxygen consumption in the OS. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were produced in respiring OS in the presence of substrates. Cytochrome c was located inside the disk membranes. Procaspase 9 and 3, as well as Apaf‐1 were expressed in the OS.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese polyphenolic phytochemicals modulated the FoF1‐ATP synthase activity of the the OS reducing production of reactive oxygen intermediates by the OS ectopic electron transport chain. Polyphenols decrease membrane peroxidation and cytochrome c release from disks, preventing the induction of caspase‐dependent apoptosis in the OS Such effects are relevant in the design of protection against functional impairment of the OS following oxidative stress from exposure to intense illumination.
Métier de sociologue, approche inductive et objet d'analyse. Brèves remarques à partir de Bourdieu
Authors: Hamel Jacques 
Published: April 2015

This article seeks to reveal the role played by the inductive approach in sociology. Grounded Theory assumes its full importance in formulating sociological explanations. However, the theory does pose a problem, in that the “method” is not based on clearly defined operations, which remain implicit. This article attempts to show that the object of analysis—what is being analyzed—makes perceptible the operations implicitly conceived by the analyst, based on Grounded Theory. With qualitative analysis software, such as Atlas.ti, it is possible to shed light on these operations. The article is illustrated by the theory of Pierre Bourdieu and the epistemological considerations he developed as a result of his qualitative inquiry,La Misère du monde.Cet article cherche à montrer le rôle que joue l'approche inductive en sociologie. LaGrounded Theoryrevêt son importance pour formuler l'explication sociologique. Celle‐ci pose toutefois problème. En effet, la «méthode» ne repose pas sur des opérations clairement définies et celles‐ci restent implicites. Dans cet article, on cherche à montrer que l'objet d'analyse—ce sur quoi porte l'analyse—rend perceptibles les opérations que l'analyste conçoit implicitement en s'appuyant sur laGrounded Theory. Les logiciels d'analyse qualitative, comme Atlas.ti, permettent d'autre part de les mettre en évidence. L'article est illustré par la théorie de Pierre Bourdieu et les considérations épistémologiques qu'a développées cet auteur à la suite de son enquête qualitative sur laMisère du monde.
Correlation between polymorphisms of BRAF gene and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Rui , Zhao Chunming , Xu Hao , Zhao Miaoqing , Sun Xiaogang , Wang Xinyu , Song Wei 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which accounts for 80% of all thyroid cancers, has an increasing incidence over these years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BRAF were considered to be one of well‐established risk factors leading to development of PTC. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the common mutations of BRAF could elevate significantly the risk of PTC in a Chinese population.MethodsFour SNPs (rs11762469, rs17623204, rs1267636 and rs3748093) of BRAF were selected through our filter by Haploview 4.2 software with HapMap databases. We used the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) to genotype the four SNPs in blood samples of 618 subjects (206 patients with PTC and 412 healthy controls). The correlation between BRAF polymorphisms and PTC risk was assessed using student t‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsThe results showed that mutation in rs3748093 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTC in allele model (A allele vs. T allele, OR = 1·68, 95% CI = 1·16–2·43, P = 0·006), dominant model (TA + AA vs TT, OR = 1·64, 95% CI = 1·08–2·48, P = 0·019) and homozygote model (AA vs. TT, OR = 2·94, 95% CI = 1·00–8·61, P = 0·040). However, the other three SNPs (rs11762469, rs17623204 and rs1267636) were shown to have no association with the risk of PTC.ConclusionsOur results indicated that polymorphism of rs3748093*A was significantly correlated with an increased risk of PTC in a Chinese population. Further investigation on the aetiological mechanism of PTC is needed to validate our results.
Immediate Implant Placement into Extraction Sockets with Labial Plate Dehiscence Defects: A Clinical Case Series
Authors: Sarnachiaro Guido O. , Chu Stephen J. , Sarnachiaro Evangelina , Gotta Sergio Luis , Tarnow Dennis P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo measure the buccal plate reconstruction of extraction sockets with labial plate dehiscence defects using a bone allograft in combination with an absorbable collagen membrane and a custom‐healing abutment at the time of tooth removal.Materials and MethodsTen patients underwent immediate implant placement and reconstruction of the buccal plate. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed preextraction, immediately after bone grafting and implant placement (day 0), and between 6 and 9 months following implant surgery. Measurements were taken at three levels: coronal (L1), middle (L2), and apical (L3) level.ResultsImplants placed into sockets with labial plate dehiscence defects demonstrated radiographic reformation of the labial plate dehiscence defect at 6 to 9 months posttreatment. The net gain in labial plate on cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) in L1 and L2 was 3.0 mm, where 0 mm existed at pretreatment. The minimum amount of labial plate thickness of 2.0 mm was achieved in all treated sites, evaluated radiographically at 6 to 9 months postoperatively, in a single procedure, without flap elevation and maintaining the gingival architecture and satisfactory esthetics.ConclusionPlacing an absorbable membrane, bone graft, and custom‐healing abutment at the time of flapless anterior tooth extraction and immediate implant placement into a socket with a labial osseous dehiscence is a viable clinical technique to reconstitute the absence of the labial bone plate.
Recommendation to include a textile dye mix in the European baseline series
Authors: Isaksson Marléne , Ryberg Kristina , Goossens An , Bruze Magnus 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundDisperse dyes are common sensitizers, but are not currently included in the European baseline series.ObjectivesTo justify the inclusion of a textile dye mix in the European baseline patch test series.MethodsA survey of the reported frequencies of contact allergy to textile dyes and textile dye mixes was performed by searching PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov.ludwig.lub.lu.se/pubmed, last accessed 14 December 2014). The results from a multicentre study performed within the European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) and published in 2014 formed the final basis for the recommendation.ResultsThe EECDRG study performed in Europe and the United States showed that 2.1–6.9% of consecutively tested dermatitis patients reacted to a 6.6% wt/wt textile dye mix consisting of eight disperse dyes. The clinical relevance was ascertained in >30% of the positive cases. A high frequency of simultaneous sensitivity to Disperse Orange 3 (DO 3) and p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) was seen. Active sensitization to the mix was not noted.ConclusionsIt is recommended to include a 6.6% textile dye mix consisting of eight disperse dyes in the European baseline series, even though one component, DO 3, may be superfluous, owing to its frequent cross‐reactivity with PPD. Removal of DO 3 from the mix would need further study.
Chromium(VI) release from leather and metals can be detected with a diphenylcarbazide spot test
Authors: Bregnbak David , Johansen Jeanne D. , Jellesen Morten S. , Zachariae Claus , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundAlong with chromium, nickel and cobalt are the clinically most important metal allergens. However, unlike for nickel and cobalt, there is no validated colorimetric spot test that detects chromium. Such a test could help both clinicians and their patients with chromium dermatitis to identify culprit exposures.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of diphenylcarbazide (DPC) as a spot test reagent for the identification of chromium(VI) release.MethodsA colorimetric chromium(VI) spot test based on DPC was prepared and used on different items from small market surveys.ResultsThe DPC spot test was able to identify chromium(VI) release at 0.5 ppm without interference from other pure metals, alloys, or leather. A market survey using the test showed no chromium(VI) release from work tools (0/100). However, chromium(VI) release from metal screws (7/60), one earring (1/50), leather shoes (4/100) and leather gloves (6/11) was observed. We found no false‐positive test reactions. Confirmatory testing was performed with X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and spectrophotometrically on extraction fluids.ConclusionsThe use of DPC as a colorimetric spot test reagent appears to be a good and valid test method for detecting the release of chromium(VI) ions from leather and metal articles. The spot test has the potential to become a valuable screening tool.
Nurse‐led clinics can manage faecal incontinence effectively: results from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Duelund‐Jakobsen J. , Haas S. , Buntzen S. , Lundby L. , Bøje G. , Laurberg S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimIn May 2010, a specialist nurse‐initiated assessment and treatment algorithm for faecal incontinence (FI) was introduced at the department of Anal Physiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of and patient satisfaction with the program.MethodA medical file audit was preformed on patients evaluated and treated for FI and discharged after September 2010. Patients were invited to participate in a structured telephone interview. This study aimed to enrol 100 patients. Patients were asked if they were satisfied with their current level of continence status (yes/no), and a numerical satisfaction score and Wexner score were recorded. These results were compared to baseline and at time of discharge.ResultsOne‐hundred patients completed the telephone interview; 73 of these patients were satisfied after a median of 420 (range: 114–586) days following discharge from the program. A median of one outpatient consultation followed by one telephone follow‐up was required before the patients were discharged. The Wexner score was significantly reduced by 3.9 (±4.4) (P < 0.001) points among the satisfied and non‐significantly reduced by 0.52 (± 3.3) (P = 0.42) points among the dissatisfied patients at follow‐up compared to baseline. The satisfied and dissatisfied patients at follow‐up did not differ in baseline characteristics including Wexner score.ConclusionsFI can successively be evaluated and conservatively managed by specialist nurses, and these nurses achived high satisfaction rates among their patients. The concept of specialist nurse‐led clinics will reduce waiting lists, and descrease the number of patients needing to be evaluated by a surgeon.
A sarcoidosis‐like granuloma reaction in the lymph nodes of a patient with lung squamous cancer: from stasis to the invasive phase with FGFR1 gene amplification
Authors: Wei Hailong , Hou Jun , Pan Jue , Su Xiaoqiong , Li Liqiong , Wang Xiangdong , Chen Zhihong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous inflammation is considered an immune mechanism against infection or certain non‐neoplastic conditions. Sarcoidosis‐like granuloma reactions (SGRs) in primary tumors or in regional lymph nodes are occasionally observed; however, they are rare in lung cancer.Case reviewIn this study, we reported on a case of squamous lung cancer with swollen mediastinal lymph nodes, similar to sarcoidosis. He was misdiagnosed as benign lymph node SGRs or tuberculosis for 2 years. Reexamination of the lymph node by immunohistochemistry confirmed the malignant disease. The lung cancer appeared to remain in the stasis phase for 2 years and then burst to stage IV with the amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene.ConclusionsAlthough tumor‐induced draining lymph node granulomatous reactions are rare, they did exist in some of the patients. In this case, differential diagnoses with malignant granulomas should be performed carefully to avoid the misdiagnosis of a benign disease. The biological significance of such a granulomatous response in inducing tumor remission or in shielding tumor cells from host lymphocytes remains obscure.
European screening for alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency in subjects with lung disease
Authors: Greulich Timm , Averyanov Alexander , Borsa Ludmila , Rozborilová Eva , Vaicius Dalius , Major Tamás , Chopyak Valentyna , Tudorache Voicu , Konstantinova Tatyana , Camprubí Sandra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsAlpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) predisposes individuals to early‐onset emphysema. Despite its prevalence, especially among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AATD is still underdiagnosed. The aim of this study is to identify individuals with lung disease and severe AATD in central‐eastern Europe.MethodsSubjects with respiratory symptoms that could be indicative of AATD provided blood samples as dried blood spot. The alpha1‐antitrypsin (AAT) concentration was determined by nephelometry and, if lower than 1.70 mg/dL in dried blood spot (equivalent to 1.04 g/L in serum), polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the PiS and PiZ alleles. Isoelectric focusing was used for confirmation of doubtful genotype results.ResultsFrom 13 countries, 11 648 subjects were included. Genotyping of 1404 samples with AAT levels <1.70 mg/dL revealed 71 (5.06%) PiS, 151 (10.8%) PiZ, 1 (0.071%) PiSS, 8 (0.57%) PiSZ and 32 (2.28%) PiZZ. Phenotyping of 1363 samples negative for the S and Z alleles or with PiS and PiZ genotype showed two (0.147%) PiZ(rare) and two (0.147%) Pi(null)(null). The countries with the highest rate of severe AATD were Croatia, Russia and Slovakia. By regions, the Baltic countries area showed the highest rate of both PiZ and severe AATD (2.45% and 1.20%, respectively) while the lowest rates were observed in the Balkan Peninsula (0.48% and 0.31%, respectively).ConclusionThis study confirms the need for targeted testing of symptomatic patients and provides AATD genotype data from countries for which only some estimates of prevalence were available until now.