bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial of tooth desensitization prior to in‐office bleaching
Authors: Mehta Deepak , Venkata Suresh , Naganath Meena , LingaReddy Usha , Ishihata Hiroshi , Finger Werner J. 
Published: July 2013

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide gel following application of GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel or placebo. Forty‐six subjects with sound maxillary incisors and canines were enrolled. Tooth shades were determined by comparison with a Vitapan Classic Shade guide. GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel and placebo were randomly applied to the labial surfaces of the left or right anterior teeth for 1 min, which were then rinsed and dried. Then, Opalescence Boost PF 40% gel was applied onto labial enamel for 15 min. Sensitivity scores [recorded on a 10‐point visual‐analog scale (VAS)] were determined before, at 5, 10, and 15 min during, and 1, 24, 48 h and 1 wk after, the bleaching treatment. Shades were determined postbleaching and after 1 wk. Prebleaching application of GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel significantly reduced tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching when compared with treatment with placebo. The whitening effects immediately and 1 wk after bleaching were significant when compared with the prebleaching shades. In conclusion, tooth pretreatment with GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel for 1 min prior to 15 min of in‐office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel was highly effective in reducing tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching.
Observations on the crystallization of spodumene from aqueous solutions in a hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell
Authors: Li J. , Chou I.‐M. , Yuan S. , Burruss R. C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCrystallization experiments were conducted in a new type of hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell (HDAC; type V) using LiAlSi2O6 (S) gel and H2O (W) as starting materials. A total of 21 experiments were performed at temperatures up to 950°C and pressures up to 788 MPa. In the samples with relatively low W/S ratios, many small crystals formed in the melt phase during cooling. In those with high W/S ratios, only a few crystals with smooth surfaces crystallized from the aqueous fluid in the presence of melt droplets, which were gradually consumed during crystal growth, indicating rapid transfer of material from the melt to the crystals through the aqueous fluid. The nucleation of crystals started at 710 (±70)°C and 520 (±80) MPa, and crystal growth ended at 570 (±40)°C and 320 (±90) MPa, with the cooling P‐T path within the stability field of spodumene + quartz in the S‐W system. The observed linear crystal growth rates in the aqueous phase, calculated by dividing the maximum length of a single crystal by the duration of the entire growth step, were 4.7 × 10−6 and 5.7 × 10−6 cm s−1 for the cooling rates of 0.5 and 1°C min−1, respectively. However, a rapid crystal growth rate of 3.6 × 10−5 cm s−1 in the aqueous fluid was observed when the components were supplied by nearby melt droplets. Our results show that when crystals nucleate in the aqueous fluid instead of the melt phase, there are fewer nuclei formed, and they grow much faster due to the low viscosity of the aqueous fluid, which accelerates diffusion of components for the growth of crystals. Therefore, the large crystals in granitic pegmatite can crystallize directly from aqueous fluids rather than hydrosilicate melt.
Effects of bacterial products on the activity of odontoblast‐like cells and their formation of type 1 collagen
Authors: Fransson H. , Petersson K. , Davies J. R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo study how products released from different bacteria in a deep carious lesion affect the metabolic activity of odontoblast‐like cells and their ability to produce the major organic component of dentine, collagen 1.MethodologyMDPC‐23 cells were exposed to supernatants from biofilm cultures of strains isolated from the deepest part of a carious lesion as well as from a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used for comparison. Cell activity was assessed using an methyl‐thiazolyl‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and collagen 1 levels were determined by ELISA.ResultsThe lesion microflora was dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Neither extracellular products from the isolates nor LPS affected the activity of the MDPC‐23 cells, whereas extracellular products from E. faecalis and LTA significantly reduced total cell activity (P < 0.01). Enterococcus faecalis had an inhibitory effect upon collagen 1 production by the cells, whereas no such effect or even a slight stimulatory effect was seen for the isolates from the deep carious lesion.ConclusionsThese studies indicate that culture supernatants from E. faecalis reduced the metabolic activity of odontoblast‐like cells as shown using the MTT assay. No effect was seen for supernatants from biofilms of bacteria recovered from a deep carious lesion. Different bacteria varied in their effects upon collagen 1 production suggesting that the nature of the bacterial species in a carious lesion may have a direct influence upon the ability of the odontoblasts to produce tertiary dentine.
Evaluation of an improved endodontic teaching model: do preclinical exercises have an influence on the technical quality of root canal treatments?
Authors: Tchorz J. P. , Ganter P. A. , Woelber J. P. , Stampf S. , Hellwig E. , Altenburger M. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the preclinical application of an electronic root canal length measurement device (ERCLMD) leads to more accurate working length (WL) determinations in a preclinical endodontic course and if this exercise effects the technical quality of root canal procedures when treatments are performed on patients for the first time.MethodologyRoot canal treatments performed by two consecutive groups of third year students (group 1: n = 39, group 2: n = 44) were compared in the preclinical course and when root canal treatments were performed on patients in the following term. Two different teaching models were applied in the preclinical endodontic course. WL in group 1 was determined with radiographs only. The teaching model applied in group 2 allowed the application of an ERCLMD. When treatments were performed on patients, both groups used the same technique to determine WL. It was first determined using an ERCLMD and verified radiographically. Master cone and root filling lengths were evaluated using radiographs, and comparisons between both groups were made using Fischer's exact test.ResultsRoot fillings performed by students of group 2 were more often classified as acceptable. This observation was made in the preclinical endodontic course and when treatments were performed on patients.ConclusionsThe application of an ERCLMD in combination with radiographs is more accurate to determine WL than radiographs alone. Students practiced the use of ERCLMDs with the new model and benefited from this experience when performing their first root canal treatments on patients.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanocrystals and histologic evaluation of their biocompatibility by means of intraosseous implants
Authors: Sousa C. J. A. , Pereira M. C. , Almeida R. J. , Loyola A. M. , Silva A. C. A. , Dantas N. O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo synthesize and characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals and assess their biological properties for applications in dentistry, particularly in endodontics, by means of intraosseous implants.MethodologyZnO nanocrystals were synthesized and characterized by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray Diffraction. Ten guinea pigs were divided into two groups representing experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks and received implants on both sides of the mandible in the region of the symphysis. The connective tissue response along the lateral wall outside the cup served as the negative control. The animals were euthanized at the end of each observation period and prepared for routine histological examinations which evaluated inflammatory response and material biocompatibility.ResultsZnO nanocrystals were highly pure, crystalline, and averaged 21 nm in size. After 12 weeks, tissue analysis revealed the presence of a thin layer of connective tissue with some giant cells between the implanted material and underlying bone tissue. While signs of mild inflammation could be seen, bone resorption and remodeling were not apparent.ConclusionZnO nanocrystals were biocompatible, well tolerated and allowed new bone formation and bone remodelling.
Caprine Toll‐like receptor 8 gene sequence characterization reveals close relationships among ruminant species
Authors: Goyal S. , Dubey P. K. , Kumari N. , Niranjan S. K. , Kathiravan P. , Mishra B. P. , Mahajan R. , Kataria R. S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTLR8 mediates antiviral immunity by recognizing ssRNA viruses and triggers potent antiviral and antitumor immune responses. In this study, approximately 3.5 Kb nucleotide sequence data of caprine TLR8 gene were generated from one sample each of twelve different Indian goat breeds belonging to different geographical regions. Cloning and characterization of cDNA synthesized from RNA purified from goat spleen revealed TLR8 ORF to be of 3102 nucleotides long coding for 1033 amino acids similar to other ruminant species, that is sheep, buffalo and cattle. The sequence analysis at nucleotide level revealed goat TLR8 to be closer to buffalo sharing 99.6% homology, followed by cattle and sheep. Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) used for the structural analysis of goat TLR8 showed the presence of 16 leucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) along with single Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain. TIR domain when compared with other livestock species was found to be conserved in ruminant species goat, sheep, cattle and buffalo. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed grouping of all ruminant species together, goat being closer to buffalo followed by cattle and sheep. Total 4 polymorphic sites were observed in TLR8 gene of one specimen goat representing each of 12 different breeds studied, all of which were synonymous and present within the coding region. Of these 4 SNPs, two were in ectodomains, one in TIR domain and one was found to be present in transmembrane domain. PCR‐RFLP genotyping of two of the SNPs indicated variations in allele frequencies among different goat breeds. The expression profiling in 13 tissues of goat showed maximum expression of TLR8 gene in kidney followed by spleen, lung and lymph node. Overall, our results indicate conservation of TLR8 gene among the ruminant species and low variation within Indian goat breeds.
Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging within Six-Hours of Symptom Onset with Clinical Follow-Up at 24 h Improves Prediction of ‘malignant’ Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: Kruetzelmann Anna , Hartmann Frank , Beck Christoph , Juettler Eric , Singer Oliver C. , Köhrmann Martin , Kersten Jan F. , Sobesky Jan , Gerloff Christian , Villringer Arno , Fiehler Jens , Neumann-Haefelin Tobias , Schellinger Peter D. , Röther Joachim , Thomalla Götz ,   for the Clinical Trial Net of the German Competence Network Stroke
Published: July 2013

Background A large diffusion-weighted imaging lesion ⩽six-hours of symptom onset was found to predict the development of ‘malignant’ middle cerebral artery infarction with high specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, but sensitivity was low. Hypothesis We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity can be improved by adding information from clinical follow-up examination after 24 h. Methods We analyzed data from a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke and middle cerebral artery occlusion studied by stroke magnetic resonance imaging ⩽six-hours of symptom onset. We used the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to assess severity of symptoms after 24 h. We used the Classification and Regression Trees analysis to define the optimal thresholds of diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale after 24 h in patients developing ‘malignant’ middle cerebral artery infarction. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for two simple predictive models based on acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume alone and acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume together with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale after 24 h. Results Of 135 patients, 27 (20%) developed a ‘malignant’ middle cerebral artery infarction. The Classification and Regression Trees analysis identified acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion ⩾78 ml and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 24 h ⩾22 as optimal cut-offs. Inclusion of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 24 h in a simple two-step decision tree increased sensitivity from 0·59 to 0·79, while specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value remained largely unchanged. Conclusion Clinical follow-up examination after 24 h helps identify patients at risk of ‘malignant’ middle cerebral artery infarction that are missed by predictive algorithms based on early diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume alone.
Development of the Chinese version of the Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale
Authors: Zhao Y. , He S. L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale among Chinese‐speaking patients. The original Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale was cross‐culturally adapted in accordance with the international standards to develop a Chinese version (OES‐C). Unlike the original Oro‐facial Esthetic Scale, the version employed in this study used a 5‐point Likert scale with items rated from unsatisfactory to most satisfactory. Psychometric evaluation included the reliability and validity of the OES‐C. The reliability of the OES‐C was determined through internal consistency and test–retest methods. The validity of OES‐C was analysed by content validity, discriminative validity, construct validity and convergent validity. The corrected item‐total correlation coefficients of the OES‐C ranged from 0·859 to 0·910. The inter‐item correlation coefficients between each two of the eight items of the OES‐C ranged from 0·766 to 0·922. The values of ICC ranged from 0·79 (95% CI = 0·54–0·98) to 0·93 (95% CI = 0·87–0·99), indicating an excellent agreement. Construct validity was proved by the presence of one‐factor structure that accounted for 83·507% of the variance and fitted well into the model. Convergent validity was confirmed by the association between OES‐C scores and self‐reported oral aesthetics and three questions from the Oral Health Impact Profile related to aesthetics (correlation coefficients ranged from −0·830 to −0·702, P < 0·001). OES‐C scores discriminated aesthetically impaired patients from healthy controls. This study provides preliminary evidence concerning the reliability and validity of the OES‐C. The results show that the OES‐C may be a useful tool for assessment of oro‐facial esthetics in China.
Maintenance of genetic diversity in a small, isolated population of ancient tree Erythrophleum fordii
Authors: ZHU Peng , WANG Zheng‐Feng , YE Wan‐Hui , CAO Hong‐Lin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAncient trees remaining in natural areas from once widespread forest due to overexploitation and habitat modification would naturally regenerate to form small isolated populations after the halting of disturbance. The genetic processes and consequence of this regeneration are generally unknown, which prevents the effective conservation and management of these populations. One such population, an Erythrophleum fordii population, is located in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve (China). Owing to the remarkably huge trunk of the sole ancient tree (KG) relative to the other individuals in the population, the local people and local tourism administration presume that this population has developed solely from KG. We found, using genetic diversity analyses, that contrary to this presumption, the population might have regenerated from several founders with diverse genetic backgrounds. Severe degradation of genetic diversity within the population did not take place, rather, it possessed the potential ability to maintain and recover gradually with population development. According to the results of simulations, we found that the longevity of tree species with iteroparity offers the potential to maintain genetic diversity in small isolated populations. The results from this study will benefit the restoration and conservation of the endangered species E. fordii, and of other congener species and tree species with similar life history traits.
Evaluation of an experimental filter designed for improving the quality of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage by simultaneously removing white blood cells and immunomodulators and improving RBC viscoelasticity and Band 3 proteins
Authors: Sowemimo‐Coker S.O. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundStorage age of red blood cells (RBCs) has been reported to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity. During storage, RBCs undergo changes in biochemical and functional properties. Stored RBCs may also contain white blood cells (WBCs), activated platelets (PLTs), cytokines, immunoglobulin, and other bioactive proteins. Transfusion of these bioactive proteins and cells with RBCs has the potential to cause serious adverse effects. We evaluated the performances of an experimental filter (EF) designed to remove immunoglobulins, cytokines, and other bioactive proteins in RBCs.Study Design and MethodsSixteen sets, each containing 3 units of ABO‐identical RBCs in AS‐3 were obtained from a blood bank. Three units of RBCs were combined together and then split into three equal aliquots, A, B, and C. Unit A was unfiltered while Units B and C were filtered with a leukoreduction filter and the EF, respectively. All the units were stored at 4°C in a blood bank refrigerator for 42 days. We measured RBC viscoelasticity, hemolysis, RBC adenosine triphosphate, Band 3 proteins, cytokines, PLTs, WBCs, and immunoglobulin before and after filtration and on Days 21 and 42 of storage. Data were analyzed by repeated‐measures analysis of variance with Newman‐Keuls multiple comparison test.ResultsThe EF significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of immunoglobulin (control IgG, 2.184 ± 1.918 mg/mL; BPF4, 2.216 ± 1.956 mg/mL; and EF, 0.363 ± 0.391 mg/mL), PLTs, cytokines, and improved viscoelastic properties when compared to either control or leukoreduced RBCs.ConclusionThe EF achieved lower levels of WBCs, improved viscoelastic properties, and reduced levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines but significance will require clinical evaluation.
Influence of regular physical activity and caloric restriction on β‐adrenergic and natriuretic peptide receptor expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of OLETF rats
Authors: Jenkins Nathan T. , Padilla Jaume , Rector R. Scott , Laughlin M. Harold 
Published: July 2013

New findings
What is the central question of this study?What are the effects of caloric restriction and chronic exercise on β‐adrenergic and natriuretic peptide receptor genes in visceral adipose tissue of obese rats?
What is the main finding and its importance?Physical activity induced increases in natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) and β‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) mRNA levels in retroperitoneal fat of obese rats. Both chronic exercise and caloric restriction enhance protein expression of βAR2 and βAR3 in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of the Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty rat, albeit through apparently different mechanisms. Organ culture experiments support the hypothesis that increases in nitric oxide interact synergistically with adrenaline and atrial natriuretic peptide signalling in control of the expression of βAR2 and NPR2 mRNAs.
The mechanisms underlying exercise‐induced increases in adipose tissue blood flow and lipolysis involve both β‐adrenergic receptor (βAR)‐ and natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)‐dependent processes. We hypothesized that daily wheel running (RUN) would increase the expression of NPR1, NPR2, βAR2 and βAR3 in retroperitoneal (RP) and epididymal (EPI) adipose tissues of obese Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Four‐week‐old OLETF rats were assigned to sedentary (SED, n= 6), calorie‐restricted (CR, n= 8; fed 70% of SED) or RUN groups (n= 8). Rats were killed at 40 weeks of age. By design, body weight and adiposity were similar between RUN and CR animals, but each was lower than SED (P < 0.01). Compared with SED, RP depots of RUN rats exhibited 1.7‐ to 3.2‐fold greater NPR1, NPR2, βAR2 and βAR3 mRNA levels (all P < 0.05). There were no differences between CR and SED in the expression of these genes in RP adipose tissues, and there were no differences in gene expression among groups in EPI adipose tissues. At the protein level, βAR2 and βAR3 were elevated in RUN and CR groups relative to the SED group in RP adipose tissues. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the activity‐induced increases in NPR and βAR mRNAs, RP adipose tissue explants from Wistar rats were treated with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), adrenaline and/or S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐dl‐penicillamine (SNAP; a nitric oxide donor) in organ culture experiments. SNAP synergistically enhanced adrenaline‐ and ANP‐stimulated increases in NPR2 and βAR2 mRNA levels. Our data suggest that physical activity‐induced increases in nitric oxide interact with adrenaline and ANP to trigger the induction of NPR and βAR mRNAs in the RP adipose tissue depot of the OLETF rat.
Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphal Damage Caused by Noninvasive Radiofrequency Field-Induced Hyperthermia
Authors: Kaluarachchi Warna D. , Cisneros Brandon T. , Corr Stuart J. , Albert Nathaniel D. , Curley Steven A. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of noninvasive radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia on the viability of
Aspergillus fumigatus
hyphae
in vitro
. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia resulted in significant (>70%,
P
< 0.0001) hyphal damage in a time and thermal dose-dependent fashion as assessed by XTT [(sodium 2,3,-
bis
(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl] (1)-2
H
-tetrazolium inner salt)], DiBAC [
bis
-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol] staining, and transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, water bath hyperthermia was used over the range of 45 to 55°C to study hyphal damage. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia resulted in severe damage to the outer fibrillar layer of hyphae at a shorter treatment time compared to water bath hyperthermia. Our preliminary data suggest that radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia might be an additional therapeutic approach to use in the management of mold infections.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salinibacillus aidingensis Strain MSP4, an Obligate Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Salt Crystallizer of the Rann of Kutch, India
Authors: Pal Kamal Krishna , Dey Rinku , Sherathia Dharmesh , Dalsania Trupti , Savsani Kinjal , Patel Ilaxi , Thomas Manesh , Ghorai Sucheta , Vanpariya Sejal , Rupapara Rupal , Acharya Namrata , Rawal Priya , Joshi Pragnesh , Sukhadiya Bhoomika , Mandaliya Mona , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 7.42-Mbp draft whole genome sequence of
Salinibacillus aidingensis
strain MSP4, an obligate halophilic bacterium, isolated from a salt crystallizer of the Rann of Kutch in India. Analysis of the genome of this organism will lead to a better understanding of the genes and metabolic pathways involved in imparting osmotolerance.