bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are preoperative blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios useful in predicting malignancy in surgically‐treated mucin‐producing pancreatic cystic neoplasms?
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Tan Damien M. Y. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Lee Ser‐Yee , Lee Victor T. W. , Thng Choon‐Hua , Low Albert S. C. , Tai David W. M. , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chow Pierce K. H. , Ooi London L. P. J. , Chung Alexander Y. F. 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine if neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were predictive of malignancy in mucin‐producing pancreatic cystic neoplasms (MpPCN).MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients with MpPCN were retrospectively reviewed. Malignant neoplasms were defined as neoplasms harbouring invasive carcinoma or high grade dysplasia. A high NLR and PLR were defined as ≥2.551 and ≥208.1, respectively.ResultsHigh NLR was significantly associated with symptomatic tumors, larger tumors, solid component, main‐duct IPMN, and Sendai high risk category. High PLR was significantly associated with jaundice and Sendai high risk category. On univariate analyses, symptomatic tumors, jaundice, solid component, dilated pancreatic duct, and both a high NLR and PLR were significant predictors of malignant and invasive MpPCN. On multivariate analyses, solid component and dilated pancreatic duct were independent predictors of malignant and invasive MpPCN. PLR was an independent predictor for invasive MpPCN. When MpPCN were stratified by the Fukuoka and Sendai Guidelines, both a high NLR and PLR were significantly associated with malignant neoplasms within the high risk categories.ConclusionsPLR is an independent predictor of invasive carcinoma. The addition of PLR as a criterion to the FCG and SCG significantly improved the predictive value of these guidelines in detecting invasive neoplasms.J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:366–371. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractional laser‐assisted drug delivery: Active filling of laser channels with pressure and vacuum alteration
Authors: Erlendsson Andrés M. , Doukas Apostolos G. , Farinelli William A. , Bhayana Brijesh , Anderson R. Rox , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveAblative fractional laser (AFXL) is rapidly evolving as one of the foremost techniques for cutaneous drug delivery. While AFXL has effectively improved topical drug‐induced clearance rates of actinic keratosis, treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) has been challenging, potentially due to insufficient drug uptake in deeper skin layers. This study sought to investigate a standardized method to actively fill laser‐generated channels by altering pressure, vacuum, and pressure (PVP), enquiring its effect on (i) relative filling of individual laser channels; (ii) cutaneous deposition and delivery kinetics; (iii) biodistribution and diffusion pattern, estimated by mathematical simulation.MethodsFranz diffusion chambers (FCs) were used to evaluate the PVP‐technique, comparing passive (AFXL) and active (AFXL + PVP) channel filling. A fractional CO2‐laser generated superficial (225 µm;17.5 mJ/channel) and deep (1200 µm; 130.5 mJ/channel) channels, and PVP was delivered as a 3‐minutes cycle of 1 minute pressure (+1.0 atm), 1 minute vacuum (−1.0 atm), and 1 minute pressure (+1.0 atm). Filling of laser channels was visualized with a colored biomarker liquid (n = 12 FCs, n = 588 channels). Nuclear magnetic resonance quantified intracutaneous deposition of topically applied polyethylene glycol (PEG400) over time (10 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours), investigated with (n = 36 FCs) and without (n = 30 FCs) PVP‐filling. Two‐dimensional mathematical simulation was used to simulate intradermal biodistribution and diffusion at a depth of 1,000 µm.ResultsActive filling with application of PVP increased the number of filled laser channels. At a depth of 1,000 µm, filling increased from 44% (AFXL) to 94% with one PVP cycle (AFXL + PVP; P < 0.01). Active filling greatly enhanced intracutaneous deposition of PEG400, resulting in a rapid delivery six‐folding uptake at 10 minutes (AFXL 54 µg/ml vs. AFXL + PVP 303 µg/ml, P < 0.01). AFXL alone generated an inhomogeneous uptake of PEG400, which greatly improved with active filling, resulting in a uniform uptake within the entire tissue.ConclusionActive filling with PVP secures filling of laser channels and induces a deeper, greater, more rapid delivery than conventional AFXL. This delivery technique has promise to improve treatment efficacy for medical treatments of dermally invasive lesions, such as BCCs. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:116–124, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Advances in Platinum (IV) Complex‐Based Delivery Systems to Improve Platinum (II) Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Sun Jin , Wang Yongjun , He Zhonggui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCisplatin and its platinum (Pt) (II) derivatives play a key role in the fight against various human cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head and neck, lung tumors. However, their application in clinic is limited due to dose‐ dependent toxicities and acquired drug resistances, which have prompted extensive research effort toward the development of more effective Pt (II) delivery strategies. The synthesis of Pt (IV) complex is one such an area of intense research fields, which involves their in vivo conversion into active Pt (II) molecules under the reducing intracellular environment, and has demonstrated encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes. Compared with Pt (II) complexes, Pt (IV) complexes not only exhibit an increased stability and reduced side effects, but also facilitate the intravenous‐to‐oral switch in cancer chemotherapy. The overview briefly analyzes statuses of Pt (II) complex that are in clinical use, and then focuses on the development of Pt (IV) complexes. Finally, recent advances in Pt (IV) complexes in combination with nanocarriers are highlighted, addressing the shortcomings of Pt (IV) complexes, such as their instability in blood and irreversibly binding to plasma proteins and nonspecific distribution, and taking advantage of passive and active targeting effect to improve Pt (II) anticancer therapy.
Arid1a inactivation in an Apc‐ and Pten‐defective mouse ovarian cancer model enhances epithelial differentiation and prolongs survival
Authors: Zhai Yali , Kuick Rork , Tipton Courtney , Wu Rong , Sessine Michael , Wang Zhong , Baker Suzanne J , Fearon Eric R , Cho Kathleen R 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInactivation of the ARID1A tumour suppressor gene is frequent in ovarian endometrioid (OEC) and clear cell (OCCC) carcinomas, often in conjunction with mutations activating the PI3K–AKT and/or canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Prior work has shown that conditional bi‐allelic inactivation of the Apc and Pten tumour suppressor genes in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) promotes outgrowth of tumours that reflect the biological behaviour and gene expression profiles of human OECs harbouring comparable Wnt and PI3K–AKT pathway defects, although the mouse tumours are more poorly differentiated than their human tumour counterparts. We found that conditional inactivation of one or both Arid1a alleles in OSE concurrently with Apc and Pten inactivation unexpectedly prolonged the survival of tumour‐bearing mice and promoted striking epithelial differentiation of the cancer cells, resulting in morphological features akin to those in human OECs. Enhanced epithelial differentiation was linked to reduced expression of the mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin and vimentin, and increased expression of the epithelial markers Crb3 and E‐cadherin. Global gene expression profiling showed enrichment for genes associated with mesenchymal–epithelial transition in the Arid1a‐deficient tumours. We also found that an activating (E545K) Pik3ca mutation, unlike Pten inactivation or Pik3ca H1047R mutation, cannot cooperate with Arid1a loss to promote ovarian cancer development in the mouse. Our results indicate that the Arid1a tumour suppressor gene has a key role in regulating OEC differentiation, and paradoxically the mouse cancers with more initiating tumour suppressor gene defects had a less aggressive phenotype than cancers arising from fewer gene alterations. Microarray data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE67695). Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midwives and information on prenatal testing with focus on Down syndrome
Authors: Ternby Ellen , Ingvoldstad Charlotta , Annerén Göran , Axelsson Ove 
Published: August 2015

What's already known about this topic?

Previous studies have reported insufficient knowledge and information about screening or diagnostic methods for Down syndrome (DS) among midwives.
What does this study add?

The present study focuses on knowledge about the condition screened for, Down syndrome, and shows that midwives in antenatal care have partially low knowledge about the syndrome. A minority felt they had complete or partial knowledge to inform about Down syndrome.
Ultrasound assessment of congenital fetal lung masses and neonatal respiratory outcomes
Authors: Feghali Maisa , Jean Katie M. , Emery Stephen P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveFetal congenital lung masses generate concern for compromised postnatal respiratory function. Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation volume ratio (CVR) has been used to predict the risk of hydrops fetalis and need for antenatal intervention. This study investigates whether CVR could be used to predict neonatal respiratory outcomes.MethodsThe ultrasounds of fetuses diagnosed with a lung mass between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. CVR was calculated at each ultrasound using the formula for a prolate ellipse divided by head circumference. The pregnancy outcome and information about NICU admission for respiratory insufficiency were collected.ResultsForty‐two fetuses were diagnosed with a lung mass during the study period. CVR prior to 24 weeks and between 24 and 32 weeks were associated with NICU admission (p < 0.0001 and <0.008, respectively). CVR increased up to 32 weeks and decreased thereafter for most subjects. The decrease in CVR beyond 32 weeks was larger for cases that required NICU admission (p = 0.002). For a CVR cut‐off of <0.5, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity 85.7%, and negative predictive value was 100% for regular nursery care.ConclusionIn pregnancies diagnosed with fetal lung masses, CVR predicted normal respiratory outcomes and need for NICU admission. This information may be helpful for delivery planning. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allyl sulfides and α‐substituted acrylates as addition–fragmentation chain transfer agents for methacrylate polymer networks
Authors: Ligon Samuel Clark , Seidler Konstanze , Gorsche Christian , Griesser Markus , Moszner Norbert , Liska Robert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe rapid and uncontrolled nature of network formation from di(meth)acrylate monomers produces high shrinkage stress and results in polymers with oftentimes brittle mechanical properties. Methods for regulating polymerization and network formation are sought. One option is the use of addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) agents, which are well known to control molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of monofunctional (meth)acrylates. A series of novel and previously described AFCT reagents were synthesized and screened with laser flash photolysis to determine reactivity. Well‐performing AFCT reagents were then tested in polymerizations with monofunctional and difunctional methacrylates. With monofunctional monomers, the molecular weight and polydispersity of the resultant linear polymers tend to decrease with the addition of AFCT agent. In copolymerization with dimethacrylate monomers, the AFCT agents were found to substantially lower and sharpen the glass transition. Sharpness of the glass transition is here indicative of a more regular and homogenous network. After coupling of the instruments, photorheology was performed simultaneously with real‐time IR to show an increase in monomer conversion at the time of gelation, which appears to have a positive effect on reducing shrinkage stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 394–406
Novel reversible thermoresponsive nanogel based on poly(ionic liquid)s prepared via RAFT crosslinking copolymerization
Authors: Zuo Yong , Guo Na , Jiao Zhenqian , Song Pengfei , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Rongmin , Xiong Yubing 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, a facile strategy for the preparation of thermo‐ and pH‐responsive nanogels through reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) crosslinking copolymerization of ionic liquid‐based monomers is demonstrated. The use of chain transfer agents (CTAs) containing carboxyl group in the RAFT polymerizations is the key to producing highly thermoresponsive nanogels. Experimental results demonstrate that the critical gelation temperature of the as‐prepared nanogels can be tuned by adjusting the feed ratio of monomer and CTA. Variable temperature Fourier transform infrared measurements and control experiments indicate that hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the carboxyl groups of CTAs are responsible for the thermoresponsive behaviors of poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)‐based nanogels. Furthermore, PIL‐based nanogels are also found to be pH‐sensitive, and can be further decorated by poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) via surface grafting polymerization. PNIPAAm‐grafted nanogel aqueous solutions can be reversibly transformed into macrogels upon a change in temperature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 169–178
Silicon‐based mercaptans: High‐performance monomers for thiol‐ene photopolymerization
Authors: Roth Meinhart , Oesterreicher Andreas , Mostegel Florian H. , Moser Andreas , Pinter Gerald , Edler Matthias , Piock Richard , Griesser Thomas 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEster‐free silane and siloxane‐based thiol monomers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for application in thiol‐ene resins. Polymerization reaction rates, conversion, network properties as well as degradation experiments of those thiol monomers in combination with triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐trione (TATT) as ene component were performed and compared with formulations containing the commercially available mercaptopropionic ester‐based thiol pentaerythritol tetra‐3‐mercaptopropionate. Kinetic analysis revealed appropriate reaction rates and conversions reaching 90% and higher. Importantly, storage stability tests of those formulations clearly indicate the superiority of the synthesized mercaptans compared with pentaerythritol tetra‐3‐mercaptopropionate/TATT resins. Moreover, photocured samples containing silane‐based mercaptans provide higher glass transition temperatures and withstand water storage without a significant loss in their network properties. This behavior together with the observed excellent degradation resistance of photocured silane‐based thiol/TATT formulations make these multifunctional mercaptans interesting candidates for high‐performance applications, such as dental restoratives and automotive resins. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 418–424
Classification of semiconducting polymeric mesophases to optimize device postprocessing
Authors: Snyder Chad R. , Kline R. Joseph , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Nieuwendaal Ryan C. , Richter Lee J. , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSemiconducting polymers form a variety of phases and mesophases that respond differently to postdeposition solvent or thermal treatments. Here it is shown that classification of these materials into their appropriate mesophases can be a useful tool to optimize their thermal postdeposition treatments. Calorimetry is used to quantify differences between materials having similar molecular structures, using a well‐established framework based on the kinetics and thermodynamics of phase changes. By way of example, this classification scheme is used to identify differences in three polymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) and two isomeric bithiophene–thienothiophene copolymers. It is demonstrated that poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is a “normal” polymer crystal and that the two bithiophene–thienothiophene copolymers have liquid crystalline phases. The different phase structure is notable in light of the molecular similarity of the three polymers and has an impact on the thermal postprocessing conditions that maximize field effect charge carrier mobility in thin film transistor devices. Strong superheating effects are demonstrated for the two bithiophene–thienothiophene copolymers and the impact on annealing is demonstrated using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. Some suggestions are also put forth for what post‐processing should be employed for each class of polymer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1641–1653
Random photografting of polymers to nanoparticles for well‐dispersed nanocomposites
Authors: Hauser Adam W. , Hayward Ryan C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA simple method to achieve dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs) within polymer matrices by solution‐state photografting of benzophenone (BP)‐containing random copolymers is presented. A benzyl ether ligand that stabilizes NPs in solution while possessing selectivity toward hydrogen abstraction and subsequent coupling with BP was designed. This method for introducing grafts by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure affords control over the dispersion state in the resulting polymer films, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. The evolution of the hydrodynamic sizes of particles as a function of UV dose suggests that the polymers “wrap” particles by forming multiple attachment points per chain because of the relatively rapid kinetics for the formation of subsequent attachments following the first grafting event for a given chain. In addition, the presence of unreacted BP groups allows for photolithographic patterning of well‐dispersed nanocomposite films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 152–158
Effects of aging on cardiac extracellular matrix in men and women
Authors: Dworatzek Elke , Baczko Istvan , Kararigas Georgios 
Published: August 2015

PurposeAging has severe implications for tissue damage and is a major risk factor for disease. However, the effects of aging on cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) components in individuals free of cardiovascular disease are incompletely understood. We aimed at the characterization of the effects of aging on major ECM proteins in the heart of men and women.Experimental designLeft ventricular (LV) samples of nondiseased human hearts technically unusable for transplantation obtained from general organ donors (n = 31; age 17–68 years; 48% women) were used for protein isolation. We separated the group into 17–40 years (n = 7 men and 7 women) and 50–68 years (n = 9 men and 8 women).ResultsAnalysis of ECM proteins demonstrated an age‐dependent sex‐specific regulation of collagen type I and III (interaction p < 0.05), type VI (interaction p = 0.01), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (interaction p < 0.05), SMAD2 (interaction p < 0.05), and SMAD3 (interaction p = 0.001). Overall, the levels of these proteins in younger individuals were lower in women than men, while in older individuals they were higher in women than men.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis age‐mediated myocardial ECM remodeling might play a key role in the limited ability of the aging heart to adapt adequately to altered work load and to respond to tissue damage. Therapeutic agents that target ECM homeostasis represent promising prevention strategies.
Functional genetic variability at promoters of pro‐(IL‐18) and anti‐(IL‐10) inflammatory affects their mRNA expression and survival in prostate carcinoma patients: Five year follow‐up study
Authors: Dwivedi Shailendra , Goel Apul , Mandhani Anil , Khattri Sanjay , Sharma Praveen , Misra Sanjeev , Pant Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDInflammation is an important hallmark of all cancers. The net inflammatory response is determined by a delicate balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, is determined by the genetic make‐up. The present study investigates the role of variations in the promoter regions of IL‐18 and IL‐10 (anti‐inflammatory) cytokines on mRNA expressions and survival in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.METHODSThe study was conducted on 584 volunteer males (291 patients of PCa, between 40–80 years of age. Genetic variants were studied by using RFLP and confirmed by probe based method. Expressions of mRNA were evaluated by real‐time PCR (Roche light cycler 480). Relative mRNA and fold change gene expressions were analyzed by ([1/2] ΔCt) and (2‐ΔΔCt) methods, respectively, and 5 year follow‐ups were evaluated by Log‐rank (Mantel–Cox) test with Log‐rank test for trends.RESULTSIL‐18 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in GG genotypes (at −137) of PCa with relative mRNA expression of 13.95, that is, 8.48 folds higher (P < 0.05) than controls; and showed a significant median survival of 1243 days. The CC genotypes of IL‐10 at both loci (−819 T/C and −592C/A) showed 3.63 and 3.52 higher relative mRNA expressions than controls, but poor survival of 984 and 1052 days than TT of 1359 days and AA of 1371 days.CONCLUSIONSGenetic variants of pro‐inflammatory IL‐18 which showed higher relative mRNA expressions have better survival. Genetic variants of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 with higher relative mRNA expression showed decreased chances of survival. Prostate 75:1737–1746, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regeneration and repair of human digits and limbs: fact and fiction
Authors: Shieh Shyh‐Jou , Cheng Tsun‐Chih 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA variety of digit and limb repair and reconstruction methods have been used in different clinical settings, but regeneration remains an item on every plastic surgeon's “wish list.” Although surgical salvage techniques are continually being improved, unreplantable digits and limbs are still abundant. We comprehensively review the structural and functional salvage methods in clinical practice, from the peeling injuries of small distal fingertips to multisegmented amputated limbs, and the developmental and tissue engineering approaches for regenerating human digits and limbs in the laboratory. Although surgical techniques have forged ahead, there are still situations in which digits and limbs are unreplantable. Advances in the field are delineated, and the regeneration processes of salamander limbs, lizard tails, and mouse digits and each component of tissue engineering approaches for digit‐ and limb‐building are discussed. Although the current technology is promising, there are many challenges in human digit and limb regeneration. We hope this review inspires research on the critical gap between clinical and basic science, and leads to more sophisticated digit and limb loss rescue and regeneration innovations.
Modulation, coding, and synchronization for mobile and very small satellite terminals, as part of the updated DVB‐S2 standard
Authors: Lee Lin‐Nan , Eroz Mustafa , Becker Neal 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAfter 10 years of successful deployment, the second‐generation satellite standard for digital video broadcasting, DVB‐S2, has recently been updated. Very low signal‐to‐noise ratio modes to better support mobile and very small terminal applications are part of the new standard without changing its fundamental structure. This paper provides a high‐level discussion on several of the most important aspects pertaining to the new very low signal‐to‐noise ratio modulation and coding modes of the updated standard. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.