bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development Regimes, Scales and State Spatial Restructuring: Change and Continuity in the Production of Urban Space in Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Klink Jeroen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsing the experience of metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, this article contributes to the broader debate on development regimes, rescaling and state spatial restructuring in Brazil, and its specificities in relation to the international discussion on the transformations in Atlantic Fordism. I argue that the transition from a (peripheral) development state to a competitive and rescaled regime has been accompanied by important continuities. Legitimized through discourses around development poles and trickle‐down effects, the national‐developmental regime has systematically promoted some spaces as opposed to others, without much emphasis on the social and environmental dimensions of spatial policies. The emerging competitive state spatial regime, whether in its neoliberalized, or its more recent ‘rolled‐out’ national‐developmental version, is merely expected to aggravate the historical socio‐environmental contradictions in the production of space. Moreover, scale has proven contested and strategic‐relational, both molding and being influenced by actors that seek to use scalar politics to reach their interests. My analysis suggests that, within this scenario, neither economic growth, nor regulatory and institutional strengthening, nor financial resources are likely to produce structural transformation in the inherited spaces of Greater Rio de Janeiro.
Who opposes rights for persons with physical and intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Crowson H. Michael , Brandes Joyce A. , Hurst Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch on human and civil rights has only rarely addressed people's attitudes toward disability rights in the context of American society. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of why certain individuals might oppose expanded rights for people who have disabilities. Pearson's correlations revealed that individuals high on social dominance orientation (SDO) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) were more likely to reject rights for persons with intellectual and physical disabilities than individuals scoring lower on these factors. Structural equation analyses indicated that both SDO and RWA are directly implicated in opposition to expanded rights for these groups. Moreover, the effects of SDO on rights attitudes appear to be mediated through internal motivation to respond without prejudice.
Mechanobiological dysregulation of the epidermis and dermis in skin disorders and in degeneration
Authors: Ogawa Rei , Hsu Chao‐Kai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring growth and development, the skin expands to cover the growing skeleton and soft tissues by constantly responding to the intrinsic forces of underlying skeletal growth as well as to the extrinsic mechanical forces from body movements and external supports. Mechanical forces can be perceived by two types of skin receptors: (1) cellular mechanoreceptors/mechanosensors, such as the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules and mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, and (2) sensory nerve fibres that produce the somatic sensation of mechanical force. Skin disorders in which there is an abnormality of collagen [e.g. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)] or elastic (e.g. cutis laxa) fibres or a malfunction of cutaneous nerve fibres (e.g. neurofibroma, leprosy and diabetes mellitus) are also characterized to some extent by deficiencies in mechanobiological processes. Recent studies have shown that mechanotransduction is crucial for skin development, especially hemidesmosome maturation, which implies that the pathogenesis of skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid is related to skin mechanobiology. Similarly, autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease, and pathological scarring in the form of keloids and hypertrophic scars would seem to be clearly associated with the mechanobiological dysfunction of the skin. Finally, skin ageing can also be considered as a degenerative process associated with mechanobiological dysfunction. Clinically, a therapeutic strategy involving mechanoreceptors or MS nociceptor inhibition or acceleration together with a reduction or augmentation in the relevant mechanical forces is likely to be successful. The development of novel approaches such as these will allow the treatment of a broad range of cutaneous diseases.
Law Enforcement Advocate Program: An Interagency Collaboration to Enhance Community‐Police Relations and Improve Outcomes for Substance‐Using Offenders
Authors: Rajaee Lilas , Rodriguez Julie Madden , Addison Lt. Steven , Readio Stuart , Longwood Wendy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractJustice system involvement is highly correlated with substance‐use issues. Untreated, substance‐using offenders are likely to continue to use drugs, commit crimes, and pose a public safety risk. Strategies to address substance use in the criminal justice system often fall short in terms of integrating services and sustaining engagement among high‐risk adult and juvenile populations. Law enforcement can help to bridge identified gaps by offering a community‐based solution to the interrelated challenges of substance use, crime, and recidivism for offenders. The Law Enforcement Advocate Program has been effective in improving probationer compliance and outcomes, facilitating problem solving and interagency coordination, and improving community‐police relations.
Disruption of nodal architecture in skin biopsies of patients with demyelinating neuropathies
Authors: Doppler Kathrin , Werner Christian , Sommer Claudia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCutaneous nerves represent the most distal part of the sensory nervous system. We took advantage of the good discernibility of longitudinal myelinated fibers in skin biopsies to analyze the distribution of nodal and paranodal proteins in neuropathies and to assess nodal disorganization as a diagnostic marker of demyelinating neuropathy (NP). We analyzed myelinated nerve fibers in skin biopsies from the finger and the proximal leg of 52 prospectively recruited patients with different peripheral neuropathies and 17 controls. We performed immunohistochemical double labeling with anti‐MBP, anti‐PGP9.5, anti‐caspr, anti‐pan‐neurofascin, and anti‐pan‐sodium‐channel. Three potential features of demyelinating NP could be established: elongated nodes of Ranvier and dispersion of contactin‐associated protein (caspr) staining were found more often in demyelinating than in axonal neuropathies (p < 0.05) and were not detectable in normal controls. Broadening of neurofascin staining was detectable more often in demyelinating neuropathies compared with normal controls (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that pathological changes of nodal architecture can be visualized in skin biopsies and that the detection of elongated nodes of Ranvier and alterations in the distribution of paranodal proteins may be useful in the diagnostic assessment of peripheral NP.
Translation Cost, Quality, and Adequacy
Authors: Hendrickson Sherry G. , Harrison Tracie C. , Lopez Nora A. , Zegarra‐Coronado Aurea G. , Ricks Tiffany 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeAlthough the inclusion of non‐native‐speaking participants in nursing research is important in every country where nursing research takes place, the literature contains little on the method of achieving quality translation while simultaneously addressing cost containment. We describe a process for evaluating translation adequacy and demonstrate its use in comparing procedures for translating data from non‐native‐speaking interviews.Organizing ConstructThis work demonstrates a process for establishing, evaluating, and achieving translation adequacy when conducting qualitative research for cross‐cultural comparisons.MethodsIn an ethnographic investigation of disability in Mexican American women, we describe a process for obtaining translation adequacy, defined here as the methodological goal whereby the quality of the translated text meets the needs of the specified study. Using a subset of responses transcribed from Spanish audiotapes into Spanish text, the text was subjected to two separate translation processes, which were compared for adequacy based on error rates and accuracy of meaning, as well as for cost.FindingsThe process for discriminating translation adequacy was sensitive to differences in certified versus noncertified translators. While the noncertified translation initially appeared to be seven times less expensive than the certified process, auditing and correcting errors in noncertified translations substantially increased cost. No errors were found with the certified translations.ConclusionsThe level of translation adequacy needed for any qualitative study should be considered before beginning the study itself. Based on a predetermined level, translation choices can be assessed using specified methods, which can also lead to greater transparency in the research process.Clinical RelevanceAn ongoing process to verify translation outcomes inclu‐ding cost, a component minimally discussed in the current literature, is relevant to nurses worldwide. Awareness of expense and quality issues makes greater methodological transparency possible in the design of translation projects and research studies.
A Systematic Review of Social Networking Sites: Innovative Platforms for Health Research Targeting Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Park Bu Kyung , Calamaro Christina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeTo review the evidence to determine if social networking sites (SNS) are effective tools for health research in the adolescent and young adult populations.DesignSystematic review of published research articles focused on use of SNS for youth health research.MethodsSeventeen articles were selected that met the following criteria: used SNS at any stage of study, participants between 13 and 25 years of age, English language, and both international and national studies. Reviewers categorized selected studies based on the way SNS were used.FindingsUtilization of SNS for effectively implementing research with adolescents and young adults include (a) recruitment, (b) intervention, and (c) measurement. Four findings about advantages of using SNS apparent in this review are (a) ease of access to youth, (b) cost effectiveness in recruitment, (c) ease of intervention, and (d) reliable screening venue of mental status and high‐risk behaviors.ConclusionsAlthough this literature review showed relatively minimal research to date on the use of SNS for research targeting adolescents and young adults, the impact of using SNS for health research is of considerable importance for researchers as well as participants. With careful focus, SNS can become a valuable platform to access, recruit, and deliver health interventions in a cost‐effective manner to youth populations as well as hard‐to‐reach minority or underserved populations.Clinical RelevanceThe evidence demonstrates the usefulness of SNS as innovative platforms for health promotion among adolescents and young adults.
The Discreet Charm of Lenin
Authors: Rethmann Petra 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article takes two postcards of Lenin as their point of departure to ask about articulations of Soviet history as image and kitsch. I am especially interested in the ways in which the dead body or mummy of Lenin comes to symbolize an imagined social coherence that accrues specific political significance after the demise of the Soviet Union. In looking at Lenin's mummy as a site of memory and key to understanding contemporary Russian political desires, the article offers one analytical interpretation of the continuing preservation of Russia's revolutionary and also Stalinist past. By arguing that the Lenin mummy simultaneously functions as camp and kitsch, and as an embodied time of eternity, I also seek to understand how “grandiose” understandings of Soviet history work in this present.
Gastric emptying rate in subjects with malocclusion examined by [13C] breath test
Authors: Koike S. , Sujino T. , Ohmori H. , Shimazaki K. , Fukuyama E. , Kanai T. , Hibi T. , Ono T. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMasticatory function is significantly lower in individuals with malocclusion than in those with normal occlusion. Although several studies suggest that masticatory function influences gastrointestinal digestive function, the relationship between malocclusion and gastrointestinal symptoms has not been studied extensively. We hypothesised that insufficient masticatory function would increase the functional burden of the stomach and have some influence on the gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate masticatory function and gastric emptying rate in subjects with malocclusion. Eleven healthy dentate female volunteers and eleven female patients with maloc‐clusion underwent a 13C‐acetate breath test with a liquid meal. Maximum 13CO2 exhalation time (Tmax) was compared statistically between both groups. Masticatory function was assessed by colour‐changeable chewing gum. In addition, the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroeso‐phageal reflux disease (FSSG) and questionnaires on food intake were given to both groups. The mean Tmax of the malocclusion group was significantly longer than that of the normal occlusion group (P = 0·007). Masticatory performance, measured by colour‐changeable gum and questionnaires, was significantly lower in the malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group (P = 0·023, P = 0·003). There was no significant difference in the FSSG results between the two groups (P = 0·262). This study suggested that there was a correlation between malocclusion and gastric emptying function in women.
Scaling up epidemics of acute hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV‐infected men who have sex with men in Spain
Authors: Sánchez Clara , Plaza Zulema , Vispo Eugenia , de Mendoza Carmen , Barreiro Pablo , Fernández‐Montero José V. , Labarga Pablo , Poveda Eva , Soriano Vincent 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundOutbreaks of acute hepatitis C in HIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are being reported in large cities in western countries along with increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases.MethodsAll HIV individuals attended at a large outclinic in Madrid within the last 5 years were examined. Incident syphilis was diagnosed based on rapid plasma reagin (RPR) reactivity, being negative previously or showing >4‐fold increase. Acute hepatitis C was diagnosed based on HCV antibody seroconversion and/or positive serum HCV‐RNA after being negative within the last year.ResultsA total of 859 episodes of syphilis and 19 of acute hepatitis C were diagnosed during the study period. Syphilis was recognized in 65/2,094 (3.1%) individuals attended in 2008 and rose up to 261/2,512 (10.4%) in 2012 (P < 0.001). Acute hepatitis C was diagnosed in only one subject in 2008 but rose up to 7 in 2012 (P = 0.12).All 19 HIV patients with acute hepatitis C were MSM. Syphilis was diagnosed concomitantly in seven. All eight individuals who were treated with peginterferon/ribavirin were cured, whereas only one untreated experienced spontaneous clearance (P = 0.004). Two clusters of infections by HCV genotypes 4 and 1a were identified by phylogenetic analyses.ConclusionsThe incidence of acute hepatitis C is low but steadily increasing in HIV‐positive MSM in Madrid (<1% yearly), despite the very high rates of syphilis (currently 20% yearly in HIV‐positive MSM). Preventive measures for sexually transmitted infections and periodic HCV screening are warranted in this population as treatment of acute hepatitis C is very effective.
Genomic analysis reveals MATH gene(s) as candidate(s) for Plum pox virus (PPV) resistance in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Zuriaga Elena , Soriano José Miguel , Zhebentyayeva Tetyana , Romero Carlos , Dardick Chris , Cañizares Joaquín , Badenes Maria Luisa 
Published: May 2013

SummarySharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is the most important viral disease affecting Prunus species. A major PPV resistance locus (PPVres) has been mapped to the upper part of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) linkage group 1. In this study, a physical map of the PPVres locus in the PPV‐resistant cultivar ‘Goldrich’ was constructed. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones belonging to the resistant haplotype contig were sequenced using 454/GS‐FLX Titanium technology. Concurrently, the whole genome of seven apricot varieties (three PPV‐resistant and four PPV‐susceptible) and two PPV‐susceptible apricot relatives (P. sibirica var. davidiana and P. mume) were obtained using the Illumina‐HiSeq2000 platform. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the mapped interval, recorded from alignments against the peach genome, allowed us to narrow down the PPVres locus to a region of ∼196 kb. Searches for polymorphisms linked in coupling with the resistance led to the identification of 68 variants within 23 predicted transcripts according to peach genome annotation. Candidate resistance genes were ranked combining data from variant calling and predicted functions inferred from sequence homology. Together, the results suggest that members of a cluster of meprin and TRAF‐C homology domain (MATHd)‐containing proteins are the most likely candidate genes for PPV resistance in apricot. Interestingly, MATHd proteins are hypothesized to control long‐distance movement (LDM) of potyviruses in Arabidopsis, and restriction for LDM is also a major component of PPV resistance in apricot. Although the PPV resistance gene(s) remains to be unambiguously identified, these results pave the way to the determination of the underlying mechanism and to the development of more accurate breeding strategies.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutations, clinical phenotypes and outcomes of Japanese patients with sporadic or familial pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kabata Hiroki , Satoh Toru , Kataoka Masaharu , Tamura Yuichi , Ono Tomohiko , Yamamoto Miyuki , Huqun  , Hagiwara Koichi , Fukuda Keiichi , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Asano Koichiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveMutation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) is a cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We measured the prevalence of this mutation and its impact on the phenotypes and long‐term clinical outcomes in Japanese patients.MethodsBetween 1999 and 2007, we consecutively enrolled and, until March 2012, followed 49 Japanese patients with PAH, including nine familial cases from seven families. We genotyped BMPR2, using direct sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, to examine (i) the prevalence of BMPR2 mutations and gene rearrangement, (ii) the relationship between BMPR2 genotype and clinical phenotypes, and (iii) the long‐term clinical outcomes of mutation carriers versus non‐carriers under state‐of‐the‐art medical therapy.ResultsBMPR2 mutations were present in four of the seven families (57%) and in 14 of the 40 patients (35%) with sporadic PAH. The mean age at onset of PAH was 37.4 years in BMPR2 carriers, versus 25.9 years in non‐carriers (P = 0.0025). The gender distribution and hemodynamic status at time of diagnosis were similar regardless of the mutation status. The 5‐year survival rate after diagnosis of PAH was 88.5% in BMPR2 mutation carriers versus 80.9% in non‐carriers (ns).ConclusionsThe prevalence of BMPR2 mutations in Japanese with PAH was similar to that reported in other populations. At onset of PAH, BMPR2 mutation non‐carriers were, on average, younger than carriers, possibly due to the heterogeneity of this subpopulation. With state‐of‐the‐art therapy, the long‐term survival of patients with PAH was high, regardless of the mutation status.
European World Cities and the Spatial Polarisation of Air Transport Liberalisation Benefits
Authors: Ramos‐Pérez David , Sánchez‐Hernández José Luis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch about the consequences of air transport liberalisation in the European Union is already substantial in amount and scope. Nevertheless, spatial implications of this liberalisation have not been fully addressed yet. By analysing information from the OAG database, this paper measures the geographic concentration of air routes and seating offers supplied under competition conditions among European airports. Our analysis demonstrates that competition is mainly restricted to European World Cities, the ones which concentrate high‐rank functions in the capitalist world‐economy.
Whole genome profiling physical map and ancestral annotation of tobacco Hicks Broadleaf
Authors: Sierro Nicolas , van Oeveren Jan , van Eijk Michiel J. T. , Martin Florian , Stormo Keith E. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Ivanov Nikolai V. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryGenomics‐based breeding of economically important crops such as banana, coffee, cotton, potato, tobacco and wheat is often hampered by genome size, polyploidy and high repeat content. We adapted sequence‐based whole‐genome profiling (WGP™) technology to obtain insight into the polyploidy of the model plant Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). N. tabacum is assumed to originate from a hybridization event between ancestors of Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis approximately 200 000 years ago. This resulted in tobacco having a haploid genome size of 4500 million base pairs, approximately four times larger than the related tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) genomes. In this study, a physical map containing 9750 contigs of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) was constructed. The mean contig size was 462 kbp, and the calculated genome coverage equaled the estimated tobacco genome size. We used a method for determination of the ancestral origin of the genome by annotation of WGP sequence tags. This assignment agreed with the ancestral annotation available from the tobacco genetic map, and may be used to investigate the evolution of homoeologous genome segments after polyploidization. The map generated is an essential scaffold for the tobacco genome. We propose the combination of WGP physical mapping technology and tag profiling of ancestral lines as a generally applicable method to elucidate the ancestral origin of genome segments of polyploid species. The physical mapping of genes and their origins will enable application of biotechnology to polyploid plants aimed at accelerating and increasing the precision of breeding for abiotic and biotic stress resistance.