bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light absorption enhancement of black carbon in a pyrocumulonimbus cloud
Authors: Beeler Payton , Kumar Joshin , Schwarz Joshua P. , Adachi Kouji , Fierce Laura , Perring Anne E. , Katich J. M. , Chakrabarty Rajan K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) firestorm systems have been shown to inject significant amounts of black carbon (BC) to the stratosphere with a residence time of several months. Injected BC warms the local stratospheric air, consequently perturbing transport and hence spatial distributions of ozone and water vapor. A distinguishing feature of BC-containing particles residing within pyroCb smoke is their thick surface coatings made of condensed organic matter. When coated with non-refractory materials, BC’s absorption is enhanced, yet the absorption enhancement factor (Eabs) for pyroCb BC is not well constrained. Here, we perform particle-scale measurements of BC mass, morphology, and coating thickness from inside a pyroCb cloud and quantify Eabs using an established particle-resolved BC optics model. We find that the population-averaged Eabs for BC asymptotes to 2.0 with increasing coating thickness. This value denotes the upper limit of Eabs for thickly coated BC in the atmosphere. Our results provide observationally constrained parameterizations of BC absorption for improved radiative transfer calculations of pyroCb events.
Oxytocin induces the formation of distinctive cortical representations and cognitions biased toward familiar mice
Authors: Wolf David , Hartig Renée , Zhuo Yi , Scheller Max F. , Articus Mirko , Moor Marcel , Grinevich Valery , Linster Christiane , Russo Eleonora , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang , Reinwald Jonathan R. , Kelsch Wolfgang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocial recognition is essential for the formation of social structures. Many times, recognition comes with lesser exploration of familiar animals. This lesser exploration has led to the assumption that recognition may be a habituation memory. The underlying memory mechanisms and the thereby acquired cortical representations of familiar mice have remained largely unknown, however. Here, we introduce an approach directly examining the recognition process from volatile body odors among male mice. We show that volatile body odors emitted by mice are sufficient to identify individuals and that more salience is assigned to familiar mice. Familiarity is encoded by reinforced population responses in two olfactory cortex hubs and communicated to other brain regions. The underlying oxytocin-induced plasticity promotes the separation of the cortical representations of familiar from other mice. In summary, neuronal encoding of familiar animals is distinct and utilizes the cortical representational space more broadly, promoting storage of complex social relationships.
Depolymerization mechanisms and closed-loop assessment in polyester waste recycling
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Liang Huaxing , Yang Jie , Zhu Zhiyang , Deng Jin , Li Xiaodong , Elimelech Menachem , Lu Xinglin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlcoholysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste to produce monomers, including methanolysis to yield dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and glycolysis to generate bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET), is a promising strategy in PET waste management. Here, we introduce an efficient PET-alcoholysis approach utilizing an oxygen-vacancy (Vo)-rich catalyst under air, achieving space time yield (STY) of 505.2 gDMT·gcat−1·h−1 and 957.1 gBHET·gcat−1·h−1, these results represent 51-fold and 28-fold performance enhancements compared to reactions conducted under N2. In situ spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory calculations, elucidates the reaction pathways of PET depolymerization. The process involves O2-assisted activation of CH3OH to form CH3OH* and OOH* species at Vo-Zn2+–O–Fe3+ sites, highlighting the critical role of Vo-Zn2+–O–Fe3+ sites in ester bond activation and C–O bond cleavage. Moreover, a life cycle assessment demonstrates the viability of our approach in closed-loop recycling, achieving 56.0% energy savings and 44.5% reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. Notably, utilizing PET textile scrap further leads to 58.4% reduction in initial total operating costs. This research offers a sustainable solution to the challenge of PET waste accumulation.
Cook and Move for Your Life, an eHealth intervention for women with breast cancer
Authors: Greenlee Heather , Rillamas-Sun Eileen , Yung Rachel L. , Cobos Sofia , Donzella Sidney M. , Huang Yuhan , Schattenkerk Liza , Ueland Katherine , VanDoren Matthew , Myers Samantha A. , Garcia Gino , King Theresa , Santiago-Torres Margarita , Di Chongzhi , Dey Neelendu , Guthrie Katherine A. , Davidson Nancy E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an online diet and physical activity program for women with early-stage breast cancer who had completed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (ongoing endocrine therapy allowed). Participants with low fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption and/or low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels were randomized to one of two doses - low (one Zoom group session) or high (12 Zoom group sessions) - of an online lifestyle program with the goal of improving F/V intake and MVPA. All participants received eHealth communications (text messages, study website access), a Fitbit, and a WiFi-enabled scale. Primary objectives evaluated feasibility. Secondary objectives compared the 6-month change in F/V intake and MVPA between the two dose groups. Seventy-four women (mean age = 58.4 years; 87% non-Hispanic White; mean time since diagnosis = 4.6 years) were accrued. Among women in the low dose group, 94% attended the single session; among women in the high dose group, 84% attended at least 8 of the 12 sessions. Retention at 6 months was 93%. High relative to low dose participants consumed 1.5 more servings/day of F/V at 6 months (P = 0.007) but MVPA levels did not differ between groups. We successfully implemented an online lifestyle program for early-stage breast cancer survivors. The high dose intervention demonstrated preliminary efficacy in improving F/V consumption in early-stage breast cancer survivors. Future trials can test the intervention in a larger and more diverse population of breast cancer survivors.
Predicting multiple taste sensations with a multiobjective machine learning method
Authors: Androutsos Lampros , Pallante Lorenzo , Bompotas Agorakis , Stojceski Filip , Grasso Gianvito , Piga Dario , Di Benedetto Giacomo , Alexakos Christos , Kalogeras Athanasios , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Deriu Marco A. , Mavroudi Seferina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTaste perception plays a pivotal role in guiding nutrient intake and aiding in the avoidance of potentially harmful substances through five basic tastes - sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour. Taste perception originates from molecular interactions in the oral cavity between taste receptors and chemical tastants. Hence, the recognition of taste receptors and the subsequent perception of taste heavily rely on the physicochemical properties of food ingredients. In recent years, several advances have been made towards the development of machine learning-based algorithms to classify chemical compounds’ tastes using their molecular structures. Despite the great efforts, there remains significant room for improvement in developing multi-class models to predict the entire spectrum of basic tastes. Here, we present a multi-class predictor aimed at distinguishing bitter, sweet, and umami, from other taste sensations. The development of a multi-class taste predictor paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the chemical attributes associated with each fundamental taste. It also opens the potential for integration into the evolving realm of multi-sensory perception, which encompasses visual, tactile, and olfactory sensations to holistically characterize flavour perception. This concept holds promise for introducing innovative methodologies in the rational design of foods, including pre-determining specific tastes and engineering complementary diets to augment traditional pharmacological treatments.
Neutral evolution of snoRNA Host Gene long non-coding RNA affects cell fate control
Authors: Vietri Rudan Matteo , Sipilä Kalle H , Philippeos Christina , Ganier Clarisse , Bhosale Priyanka G , Negri Victor A , Watt Fiona M 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA fundamental challenge in molecular biology is to understand how evolving genomes can acquire new functions. Actively transcribed, non-coding parts of the genome provide a potential platform for the development of new functional sequences, but their biological and evolutionary roles remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that a set of neutrally evolving long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose introns encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA Host Genes, SNHGs) are highly expressed in skin and dysregulated in inflammatory conditions. Using SNHG7 and human epidermal keratinocytes as a model, we describe a mechanism by which these lncRNAs can increase self-renewal and inhibit differentiation. The activity of SNHG7 lncRNA has been recently acquired in the primate lineage and depends on a short sequence required for microRNA binding. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of understanding the role of fast-evolving transcripts in normal and diseased epithelia, and show how poorly conserved, actively transcribed non-coding sequences can participate in the evolution of genomic functionality.
Spiking neural networks for nonlinear regression of complex transient signals on sustainable neuromorphic processors
Authors: Stoffel Marcus , Tandale Saurabh Balkrishna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, spiking neural networks were introduced in science as the third generation of artificial neural networks leading to a tremendous energy saving on neuromorphic processors. This sustainable effect is due to the sparse nature of signal processing in-between spiking neurons leading to much less scalar multiplications as in second-generation networks. The spiking neuron’s efficiency is even more pronounced by their inherently recurrent nature being useful for recursive function approximations. We believe that there is a need for a general regression framework for SNNs to explore the high potential of neuromorphic computations. However, besides many classification studies with SNNs in the literature, nonlinear neuromorphic regression analysis represents a gap in research. Hence, we propose a general SNN approach for function approximation applicable for complex transient signal processing taking surrogate gradients due to the discontinuous spike representation into account. However, to pay attention to the need for high memory access during deep SNN network communications, additional spiking Legrendre Memory Units are introduced in the neuromorphic architecture. Path-dependencies and evolutions of signals can be tackled in this way. Furthermore, interfaces between real physical and binary spiking values are necessary. Following this intention, a hybrid approach is introduced, exhibiting an autoencoding strategy between dense and spiking layers. However, to verify the presented framework of nonlinear regression for a wide spectrum of scientific purposes, we see the need for obtaining realistic complex transient short-time signals by an extensive experimental set-up. Hence, a measurement technique for benchmark experiments is proposed with high-frequency oscillations measured by capacitive and piezoelectric sensors resulting in wave propagations and inelastic solid deformations to be predicted by the developed SNN regression analysis. Hence, the proposed nonlinear regression framework can be deployed to a wide range of scientific and technical applications.
Experimental demonstration of magnetic tunnel junction-based computational random-access memory
Authors: Lv Yang , Zink Brandon R. , Bloom Robert P. , Cılasun Hüsrev , Khanal Pravin , Resch Salonik , Chowdhury Zamshed , Habiboglu Ali , Wang Weigang , Sapatnekar Sachin S. , Karpuzcu Ulya , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conventional computing paradigm struggles to fulfill the rapidly growing demands from emerging applications, especially those for machine intelligence because much of the power and energy is consumed by constant data transfers between logic and memory modules. A new paradigm, called “computational random-access memory (CRAM),” has emerged to address this fundamental limitation. CRAM performs logic operations directly using the memory cells themselves, without having the data ever leave the memory. The energy and performance benefits of CRAM for both conventional and emerging applications have been well established by prior numerical studies. However, there is a lack of experimental demonstration and study of CRAM to evaluate its computational accuracy, which is a realistic and application-critical metric for its technological feasibility and competitiveness. In this work, a CRAM array based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is experimentally demonstrated. First, basic memory operations, as well as 2-, 3-, and 5-input logic operations, are studied. Then, a 1-bit full adder with two different designs is demonstrated. Based on the experimental results, a suite of models has been developed to characterize the accuracy of CRAM computation. Scalar addition, multiplication, and matrix multiplication, which are essential building blocks for many conventional and machine intelligence applications, are evaluated and show promising accuracy performance. With the confirmation of MTJ-based CRAM’s accuracy, there is a strong case that this technology will have a significant impact on power- and energy-demanding applications of machine intelligence.
Advances and challenges in endoscopy training: A mixed methods study among endoscopy trainers in the Netherlands
Authors: Mousset Robert A , Diemers Agnes , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H , Pierie Jean-Pierre E.N. , Langers Alexandra M.J. , Brand Paul L.P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Variation between trainers in providing
traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy training, in which residents learn endoscopy by doing
under the supervision of endoscopy trainers, may cause differences in endoscopy competence
between residents. In this study, we explored endoscopy trainers’ views on the current status
and desired future best practices regarding endoscopy training.
Methods This mixed-methods study comprised quantitative survey
data collected from 158 endoscopy trainers working in 26 gastroenterology teaching hospitals
in the Netherlands and semi-structured interviews with 15 gastroenterology residency
(associate) program directors (PDs). Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics
and interview results with thematic analysis.
Results There was considerable variability in endoscopy training
practices between teaching hospitals in the structure of endoscopy supervision, criteria used
to determine the level of supervision, and participation of trainers in endoscopy teaching
courses. Interview participants agreed that an endoscopy training supervisor requires several
teaching strategies, highlighting the importance of formal education in endoscopy teaching.
Interview participants perceived self-regulated learning strategies as essential for residents
to learn endoscopy effectively. The perceived main barriers to effective supervision were a
lack of time and heavy workload. Participants expressed the desire for more standardization in
endoscopy training programs between teaching hospitals.
Conclusions Considerable variability in endoscopy training
practices between gastroenterology teaching hospitals was identified. Formal education on
endoscopy teaching, promotion of self-regulated learning, and standardization of endoscopy
training programs and supervision practices have the potential to improve future endoscopy
training.
Peroneal Nerve Entrapment in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stamatiou Iliana , Ntoga Melina , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis narrative mini-review discusses the association between peroneal nerve
entrapment (PEN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Generally, PEN is not a common
cause of peripheral neuropathy in DM. Poor glycaemic control and DM duration are
powerful risk factors for PEN. Underlying mechanisms involve neurodegeneration
and entrapment of the peroneal nerve. Patients tend to present with chronic leg
pain, gradual foot drop, steppage gait, or weakness of ankle dorsiflexion.
Electrodiagnostic and imaging studies are very useful in diagnosis to determine
the level at which entrapment occurs. Treatment varies based on the aetiology
and severity of symptoms. It is initially conservative. Surgical nerve
decompression management is required when entrapment is refractory to
non-operative options.
Studies toward the Synthesis of Colletotrichamide A: Construction of the C19–C30 Segment of the Molecule
Authors: Kumar Nemilikonda Sravan , Gattu Radhakrishna , Ramulu B. Janaki , Ghosh Subhash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA synthesis of the C19–C30 segment of the neuroprotective natural product colletotrichamide A has been achieved by performing a Sonogashira coupling of two advanced intermediate fragments: a vinyl iodide and an alkyne. A Maruoka–Keck allylation, an Evans syn-aldol reaction, and Takai olefinations served as the key steps in the synthesis of the vinyl iodide intermediate, whereas glycosidation and Ohira–Bestmann reactions were used as the pivotal steps for accessing the advanced alkyne intermediate.
An Inhibitory Single-Domain Antibody against Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor Promotes Thrombin Generation in Severe Hemophilia A and FXI Deficiency
Authors: Auditeau Claire , Nguyen Tung-Son , Devaux Floriane , Saller François , Peyron Ivan , Blandinières Adeline , Repérant Christelle , Daramé Sadyo , Denis Cécile V. , Lenting Peter , Borgel Delphine , Bianchini Elsa P. 
Published: July 2024

Background Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is an anticoagulant serpin that targets factor Xa (FXa) in the presence of protein Z (PZ), and factor XIa (FXIa). In factor-VIII-deficient mice, PZ or ZPI gene knock-out mitigates the bleeding phenotype, and pharmacological inhibition of PZ enhances thrombin generation in plasma from patients with hemophilia.
Aims To develop a single-domain antibody (sdAb) directed against ZPI to inhibit its anticoagulant activity.
Methods We screened for anti-ZPI sdAbs in a llama-derived phage display immune library of sdAbs. The sdAbs that bound ZPI were produced and purified for characterization. The binding of sdAbs to ZPI or other serpins was evaluated using ELISAs, and ZPI inhibition was measured in an anti-FXa or anti-FXIa chromogenic assay. The sdAbs's procoagulant activity was assessed in a thrombin generation assay in normal plasma, factor VIII- and FXI-deficient plasma.
Results Of the four sdAbs found to bind to ZPI, one (referred to as ZPI-sdAb2) dose-dependently inhibited ZPI's anti-FXa and anti-FXIa activities with a mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.8 and 1.3 µM, respectively. ZPI-sdAb2 did not cross-react with other plasma serpins, such as antithrombin and α1-antitrypsin. ZPI-sdAb2 induced a significant increase in thrombin generation in plasma samples from healthy donors, patients with severe hemophilia A, and patients with FXI deficiency.
Conclusion ZPI-sdAb2 is the first specific, direct ZPI inhibitor found to exhibit procoagulant activity in plasma. This sdAb might have potential as a treatment for hemophilia or other bleeding disorders.
Exploring the Prospects of Antenatal Microcoil Embolization of Giant Placental Chorioangioma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sabu Brinda , Shenoy Dhanya , R. Vidyalekshmy , Yadav Manish , P. Rafeekha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiant placental chorioangiomas, which measure more than 4 cm, are associated with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, with an estimated perinatal mortality of 30 to 40%. Early diagnosis, close prenatal surveillance, intrauterine intervention, and timely delivery would play a vital role in improving pregnancy outcomes. Using conventional treatment options like amniodrainage to reduce intrauterine pressure and intrauterine blood transfusion to correct fetal anemia fails to tackle the underlying pathophysiology. Interventions aimed at devascularizing the tumor, such as injection of alcohol or surgical glue, use of bipolar cautery, placement of vascular clips, interstitial laser, and radiofrequency ablation, have had mixed results due to their invasive nature and associated complications. In this case report, we discuss a minimally invasive, percutaneous, extraamniotic method of focal occlusion accomplished by microcoil embolization of the feeding vessel. The combination of slow blood flow and endothelial vessel damage due to the presence of coils stimulates thrombogenic mechanisms, contributing to the formation of a clot and leading to the cessation of blood flow to the chorioangioma, thereby treating the primary pathology.
Navigating Neurologic Illness: Skills in Neuropalliative Care for Persons Hospitalized with Neurologic Disease
Authors: Huang Andrew P. , Holloway Robert G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPersons hospitalized for neurologic illness face multidimensional care needs. They can benefit from a palliative care approach that focuses on quality of life for persons with serious illness. We describe neurology provider “skills” to help meet these palliative needs: assessing the patient as a whole; facilitating conversations with patients to connect prognosis to care preferences; navigating neurologic illness to prepare patients and care partners for the future; providing high-quality end-of-life care to promote peace in death; and addressing disparities in care delivery.
Soft x-ray diagnostics system for electron temperature measurement in the integrated commissioning phase of JT-60SA
Authors: Sano Ryuichi , Homma Hiroto , Takechi Manabu , Nakano Tomohide 
Published: July 2024

A soft x-ray (SX) diagnostic system has been designed and installed in JT-60SA for the first plasma. For quantitative measurement, the etendue of each viewing chord was evaluated analytically and numerically. The electron temperature is evaluated from the detected bremsstrahlung emission ratio between two detector arrays with two different thicknesses of Be filters. The two filter thicknesses were optimized to be 7 and 50 μm for the expected electron temperature range of 0–3 keV. The one-dimensional profile of SX emission is reconstructed from line integrated emission by the elliptic Abel inversion scheme. For a plasma discharge with a plasma current of 1 MA, a peaked electron temperature profile with about 800 eV at the center is obtained. The total bremsstrahlung power was also evaluated using the electron temperature profile and the absolutely evaluated etendue of each viewing chord. In this evaluation, the bremsstrahlung power is around 10% of ohmic heating power.