bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritage and identity: returning to ancestral pathways of the Siraya indigenous archaeology
Authors: Kuo‐Feng Chung , Akatuang Alak 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, Taiwan's Indigenous community has been actively demanding the repatriation and reburial of ancestral remains, seeking historical justice for colonial wrongs, asserting the community's rights to traditional territories, and pushing for recognition of their long‐standing existence and legal status as Indigenous peoples. In 2022, archeologists consulted and cooperated with the Siraya people, proposing “The Siraya Indigenous Archaeological Action Plan.” The aim is to re‐balance the power relations between archeologists and Indigenous peoples, seek a diversity of voices and methods, and put the social practice of archaeology at the trowel's edge into practice. The action plan was carried out within the Siraya Soulangh abandoned settlement, with the Siraya people joining the investigation and excavation work, physically touching important parts of their ancestral cultural heritage. Other efforts include reviving the traditional Siraya systems of the male age‐set organization and the national assembly, consolidating the ethnic identity of the contemporary Siraya people, and sustaining their societal and cultural systems. These endeavors have helped fill the huge historical gap left by colonizers, empowering the Siraya people to claim ownership over the abandoned settlement cultural heritage that has a direct cultural connection with their community, push for recognition of their long‐standing and continuous existence in Taiwan, and acquire legal status as Indigenous peoples.
Rational H2 Partial Pressure over Nickel/Ceria Crystal Enables Efficient and Durable Wide‐Temperature‐Zone Air‐Level CO2 Methanation
Authors: Yang Chaoyang , Zhang Junlei , Liu Weiping , Cheng Yao , Yang Xueyi , Wang Wanglei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn the way to carbon neutrality, directly catalyzing atmospheric CO2 into high‐value chemicals might be an effective approach to mitigate the negative impacts of rising airborne CO2 concentrations. Here, we pioneer the investigation of the influence of the H2/CO2 partial pressure ratio (PPR) on air‐level CO2 methanation. Using Ni/CeO2 as a case catalyst, increasing H2/CO2 PPR significantly improves low‐temperature CO2 conversion and high‐temperature CH4 selectivity, i. e., from 10 of H2/CO2 PPR on, CO2 is completely methanized at 250 °C, and nearly 100 % CH4 selectivity is achieved at 400 °C. 100‐hour stability tests demonstrate the practical application potential of Ni/CeO2 at 250 °C and 400 °C. In‐situ DRIFTS reveal that reinforced formate pathway by increasing H2/CO2 PPR is responsible for the high CH4 yield. In contrast, even though the CO pathway dominated CO2 conversion on Ni is enhanced by rising H2/CO2 PPR, but at a high reaction temperature, the promoted CO desorption still leads to lower CH4 selectivity. This work offers deep insights into the direct air‐level CO2 resourceization, contributing to the achievement of airborne CO2 reductions.
The use of graphene nanoplatelet‐embedded PA‐6 nanofibres to remove turbidity from water
Authors: Zembat Ahmet Alp , Gezmis‐Yavuz Elifnur , Koseoglu‐Imer Derya Y. , Cansoy C. Elif 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe global challenge of providing clean water at an affordable cost has led to the need for the development of low‐cost and non‐toxic materials for the treatment and recycling of waste water. Nanofibres have emerged as a promising solution due to their superior properties. To this end, composite polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) nanofibres embedded with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared by electrospinning. The study investigated the effect of the ratio of GNPs, which ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 wt.%, on the mechanical properties of nanofibres and the removal of turbidity. The results showed that PA‐6 nanofibres with 0.5 wt.% GNP exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, and increasing the GNP ratio led to lower turbidity values. To the best of our knowledge, GNP‐embedded PA‐6 nanofibres have not been used for turbidity removal before, and these filter materials are promising due to their excellent fibre structure, mechanical strength, and high level of turbidity removal.
Modular, Scalable Total Synthesis of Neopetromin†
Authors: Ogawa Hiroshige , Nagata Yuuya , Nakamura Hugh 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe first total synthesis of neopetromin, featuring the highly strained Tyr C‐6‐to‐Trp N‐1’ linkage, is hereby reported. This modular synthetic strategy, employing C—H arylation and Larock macrocyclization, offers a novel approach to the synthesis of various RiPPs natural product families.
Debiased lasso after sample splitting for estimation and inference in high‐dimensional generalized linear models
Authors: Vazquez Omar , Nan Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider random sample splitting for estimation and inference in high‐dimensional generalized linear models (GLMs), where we first apply the lasso to select a submodel using one subsample and then apply the debiased lasso to fit the selected model using the remaining subsample. We show that a sample splitting procedure based on the debiased lasso yields asymptotically normal estimates under mild conditions and that multiple splitting can address the loss of efficiency. Our simulation results indicate that using the debiased lasso instead of the standard maximum likelihood method in the estimation stage can vastly reduce the bias and variance of the resulting estimates. Furthermore, our multiple splitting debiased lasso method has better numerical performance than some existing methods for high‐dimensional GLMs proposed in the recent literature. We illustrate the proposed multiple splitting method with an analysis of the smoking data of the Mid‐South Tobacco Case–Control Study.
Pt12H24−: A Cuboctahedral Platinum Hydride Cluster Cage
Authors: Gojare Siddhi , Bumüller Dennis , Kohaut Stephan , Kraft Manuel , Heiz Ulrich , Kappes Manfred M. , Fink Karin , Schooss Detlef 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe platinum hydride cluster Pt12H24− is studied in gas phase by a combination of trapped ion electron diffraction and density functional theory computations. We find a cuboctahedral platinum cage with bridge bound hydrogen atoms. This unusual structure is stabilized by Pt‐H‐Pt multicenter bonds and shows characteristics of spherical aromaticity.
Band Alignment and Surface Photo‐Voltage Analysis of C‐Si/Siox/Poly‐Silicon Passivating‐Contact Stacks Through X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Alzahrani Areej , Harrison George T. , Allen Thomas G. , De Bastiani Michele , Razzaq Arsalan , Van Kerschaver Emmanuel , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltrathin SiOx layers and c‐Si/SiOx interfaces find application in tunnel‐oxide passivated contacts (TOPcon) for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells. Here, we investigate their detailed microscopic properties, with specific attention for the case of c‐Si(100) substrates, capped either by p‐type or n‐type poly‐silicon layers [c‐Si/SiOx/poly‐Si (p+) or c‐Si/SiOx/poly‐Si (n+)]. Our focus is on the effects of the substrate preparation conditions (either by a dry‐plasma or wet SiOx process) and the high‐temperature annealing step (as required for the poly‐Si crystallization) on the SiOx stoichiometry and its microscopic structure. Through advanced photoemission techniques, we find a clearly decreased valence band offset between the c‐Si and SiOx (from 4.5 eV to 4.15 eV) when comparing the dry SiOx with the wet SiOx process, independent of the SiOx film thickness, but correlating with the relative fraction of sub‐stochiometric Si states. We lastly examine the magnitude of band‐bending of the contact structure through controlled in‐situ exposure to light of the surfaces and subsequent tracking of core and valence band levels via a surface photovoltage and a junction photo‐voltage (JPV) effect. By analyzing this JPV effect qualitatively, we find it to be proportional to the expected quasi fermi level splitting within the c‐Si wafer.
Fragmented Polymetric Carbon Nitride with Rich Defects for Boosting Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline and Neutral Media
Authors: Ma Lixia , Yang Jie , Yang Peiyan , Huang Luo , Zhou Xiaojie , Zhao Xuqian , Kang Jianghao , Fang Yunpeng , Jiang Ruibin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction via 2e− pathway is a safe and friendly route for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis. In order to achieve efficient synthesis of H2O2, it is essential to accurately control the active sites. Here, fragmented polymetric carbon nitride with rich defects (DCN) is designed for H2O2 electrosynthesis. The multi‐type defects, including the sodium atom doping in six‐fold cavities, the boron atom doping at N−B‐N sites and the cyano groups, are successfully created. Owing to the synergistic effect of these defects, the fragmented DCN achieves a high H2O2 production rate of 2.28 mol gcat.−1 h−1 and a high Faradic efficiency of nearly 90 % in alkaline media at 0.4 V vs. RHE in H‐type cell. In neutral media, the H2O2 concentration produced by DCN can reach 1815 μM within 6 h at a potential of 0.2 V vs. RHE, and the H2O2 production rate of DCN is 0.23 mol gcat.−1 h−1. In addition, DCN shows excellent long‐term durability in alkaline and neutral media. This study provides a new approach for the development of the boron, nitrogen doped carbon‐based electrocatalysts for H2O2 electrochemical synthesis.
Developmental ecology in embryos of an estuarine pupfish endemic of the Yucatan peninsula: Survival out of water, metabolic depression, and asynchronous hatching
Authors: Domínguez‐Castanedo Omar , Valdez‐Carbajal Sharon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTheory predicts that drought‐resistant embryos with extended incubations are evolutionarily favored in environments with high mortality of larvae but safe for eggs. Here, we experimentally test, under common garden conditions, the effect of three incubation temperatures and media on embryonic developmental length, extended incubation out of the water, survival, metabolic rate, and hatching dynamics in the estuarine pupfish Garmanella pulchra. We also described the morphological changes of embryonic cortical structures related to air exposure.ResultsWe found that embryos incubated out of water in low and medium temperatures present an extended incubation period beyond their hatching capability with a deep metabolic depression. Also, these embryos exhibited a hatching asynchrony not related to water availability. Embryos incubated at high temperatures did not show extended incubation, with decreased probability of survival out of water. Our morphological observations of the embryonic cortical structures reveal that the perivitelline space and hair‐like filaments buffer the deleterious drought effects.ConclusionsOur results reveal that G. pulchra possesses life‐history traits typical of two separate phenomena: delay hatching and diapause; supporting a true continuum between them, rather than a dichotomy. The evolution of these traits may respond to aerial exposure during low tides in the estuaries of Yucatán they inhabit.
Modelling the ecohydrological plasticity in soil hydraulic properties of Sphagnum mosses
Authors: McCarter Colin P. R. , Golubev Vitaly , Whittington Pete 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSphagnum mosses are a keystone peatland species whose ecohydrology governs carbon sequestration processes in many peatlands. Globally, there are ~380 Sphagnum species that occupy a wide range of ecohydrological niches (microforms) based on their ability to grow at or above the water table, broadly grouped by hummock (furthest from water table), lawn, and hollow (closest to water table) microforms. The further from the water table a given species can grow is controlled by the ability to effectively retain and transmit water to the capitula (growing surface) during dry periods. However, Sphagnum species can have a relatively plastic ecohydrological niche, often occupying different niches (microforms) in different environments. We used numerical modelling parameterized by previous field and laboratory studies to compare the hydrological function between Sphagnum hummock, lawn, and hollow microforms. We determined (a) how two different organizations of a hummock of Sphagnum fuscum and (b) a lawn or hollow of S. magellanicum (S. divinum/S. medium) or S. rubellum differed between two different overarching climates (sub‐humid boreal and humid temperate). The hydrological function, expressed as the cumulative water fluxes, was similar between species and ecohydrological microform (water table position) when water was plentiful, despite differences in soil hydraulic properties of the same species, but began to diverge during a prolonged simulated dry period (30‐day drought). These results suggest a single species of Sphagnum moss can exhibit a wide range of soil hydraulic properties (i.e., sphagnum morphology) but have essentially the same consequential hydrology. Only the S. fuscum from the sub‐humid climate was hydrologically stressed enough to show differences in the simulated evaporation rates. This study highlights the need for more physical research to determine the sensitivity of Sphagnum spp.'s soil hydraulic properties to overarching hydroclimatic factors so that we can more effectively incorporate these processes into large‐scale numerical modelling efforts.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for combined aortic and mitral stenoses: Insights from the OCEAN‐TAVI Registry
Authors: Kato Nahoko , Tabata Minoru , Noguchi Masahiko , Ito Joji , Obunai Kotaro , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Yashima Fumiaki , Shirai Shinichi , Tada Norio , Naganuma Toru , Yamawaki Masahiro , Yamanaka Futoshi , Ueno Hiroshi , Ohno Yohei , Izumo Masaki , Nishina Hidetaka , Asami Masahiko , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Otsuka Toshiaki , Hayashida Kentaro ,   the OCEAN‐TAVI investigators
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsMitral stenosis (MS) occasionally coexists with aortic stenosis (AS). Limited data are available regarding the functional class and clinical outcomes of patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for combined AS and MS. This study compared the clinical outcomes in patients with and without MS who underwent TAVI for severe AS and assessed the impact of mitral annulus calcification (MAC) severity, transmitral gradient (TMG) and mitral valve area (MVA) on outcomes in patients with combined AS and MS.MethodsWe investigated patients in the OCEAN‐TAVI registry who underwent TAVI. MS was defined as an MVA ≤ 1.5 cm2 or TMG ≥ 5 mmHg. The composite of all‐cause death and admission for heart failure was compared between patients with and without MS. The impact of MAC, TMG and MVA on outcomes was assessed in patients with combined AS and MS.ResultsWe identified 106 patients with MS (MAC 84%; TMG 6.4 ± 2.6 mmHg; MVA 1.10 ± 0.31 cm2) and 6570 without MS as controls. The MS group was older (85 ± 5 vs. 84 ± 5 years, P = 0.033), more of women (85 vs. 67%, P < 0.01), and had a higher risk of surgery (the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Mortality Score 8.7 ± 5.1 vs. 7.6 ± 5.9, P = 0.047) than the controls. In the MS group, the New York Heart Association Functional Class was 3 or 4 in 56% of the patients at baseline and 6% at 1 year after TAVI. Thirty‐day mortality (2.8% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.18) and early composite outcomes (17% vs. 15%, P = 0.56) were comparable between patients with and without MS. During a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, the presence of MS was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.51, P < 0.01), even on propensity score matched analysis (adjusted HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.14–3.22, P < 0.01). Moderate or severe MAC contributed to increased risk of adverse events in patients with MS (adjusted HR 2.89; 95% CI 1.20–6.99, P = 0.018), but TMG and MVA did not.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing TAVI for severe AS, those with moderate or severe MS experienced worse outcomes after TAVI compared with those without MS. Patients with combined AS and MS sustained symptom improvement at 1‐year post‐TAVI. MAC severity was a useful predictor of adverse events compared with MS haemodynamics such as TMG and MVA in patients with combined AS and MS.
Intramolecular Photochemical C−H Insertions of α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: O'Callaghan Katie S. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntramolecular photochemical C−H insertion reactions of α‐diazocarbonyl compounds are powerful synthetic transformations leading to carbon‐carbon bond formation. While there are limitations in the scope of C−H bonds amenable to C−H insertion under photochemical conditions relative to metal catalysed C−H insertions, the benefits of conducting these synthetically powerful transformations in a metal‐free approach offers “green” advantages. Recent advances in technology have revolutionised the potential for use of photochemical transformations in synthesis, including the wavelength control enabled by LEDs and the benefits associated with continuous flow processing which overcome many of the traditional challenges associated with synthetic photochemistry including scale‐up. The potential for telescoping the synthesis of α‐diazocarbonyl compounds and downstream photochemical reactions is clear. This review summarises the development of intramolecular photochemical C−H insertions and highlights the benefits of recent technological advances.
Toward Multi‐Functionalized Organogermaniums: Diastereoselective Transformations of Germacycles Derived from Cheletropic Reactions of Boron‐Substituted Butadienes with Ge(II) Salts
Authors: Nojima Taishi , Izumi Yugo , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe field of organogermanium in chemistry has recently attracted attention. Thanks to the inherent features of germanium (Ge), introducing Ge‐based substituents into organic frameworks has enhanced bioactivity and optoelectronic properties of molecules. Herein, the synthesis of multi‐functionalized organogermaniums using Ge(II) salts is reported. The germacycles having an allylboron moiety, which is derived from the (4+1) cycloadditions of the butadienes bearing a boronic ester moiety with Ge(II) salts, can be applied to further allylboration of aldehydes with perfect diastereoselectivity. The obtained allylated adducts enable access to π‐extended organogermaniums with the retention of the stereocenters.
Evaluation of operational parameters for vessel's flexible subsea pipelines
Authors: Malakhov O. V. , Kiris O. V. , Bondarenko A. V. , Kozyryev I. P. , Palagin O. M. , Naydyonov A. I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe operation of offshore vessels is directly related to the use of flexible pipelines. The article describes in detail the analysis of power, geometric, kinematic and technological parameters that affect the main operational characteristics of these pipes during their operation under water, in rough sea conditions and under wind loads. The article describes the degree of dependence between loads on the pipeline and velocity of the oncoming flow, the geometry of the pipe and the distance to the rigid surface of the ship's hull or the seabed. It was determined how the flow velocity during parametric oscillations of the pipeline in unrestricted flow and near the surface of the seabed affects the change in its drag and lift coefficients. An estimate of operational limits of flexible pipeline instability was obtained. On the base of changes in distributed load, specific values for safe lengths of pipelines were formulated. It has been stated that the probability of failure‐free operation of a flexible pipeline at a level of 0.99 is directly determined by the frequency of its oscillation. Its numerical values should always be at a level that does not exceed 3.7% of the frequency of pipe dynamic oscillations.
Luteolin ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by activating urate excretion and Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 antioxidant pathways in mice
Authors: Yu Huifan , Huang Linsheng , Gui Lili , Wu Zhengkun , Luo Han , Xu Mao , Zhang Yan , Qian Yongshuai , Cao Wenjie , Liu Li , Li Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLuteolin is a natural flavonoid, which exists in many plants, including onions, broccoli, carrots, peppers, celery, olive oil, and mint. Luteolin is a dietary flavonoid with potent uric acid‐lowering and antioxidant bioactivities. To date, the mechanism by which luteolin alleviates hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) still needs to be better defined. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of luteolin in a preclinical mouse model and in vitro. Luteolin was administered in the HN mice induced by the combination of potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine to evaluate the potential renoprotective effects in vivo. The NRK‐52E cells were stimulated with adenosine for in vitro evaluation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, biochemical analysis, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed for the histopathologic and mechanistic investigations. The results suggest that luteolin attenuated tubular dilation and epithelial atrophy in the renal tissue of HN mice. Further, luteolin improved biochemical indicators concerning renal functions and oxidative stress in vivo. Mechanistically, luteolin reduced the renal expressions of KIM‐1 and caspase‐3. Luteolin activated renal SIRT1/6 cascade and its downstream Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, luteolin elevated the renal expressions of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G isoform 2 protein (ABCG2) and organic anion/cation transporters. In addition, livers of luteolin‐treated HN mice exhibited robust inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Together, our study shows that luteolin alleviates renal injury in the HN mice by activating urate excretion and Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 antioxidant pathways and inhibiting liver xanthine oxidase activity. Thus, luteolin may be a potential agent for the treatment of HN.
Endothelin‐1 increases Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter‐1 expression in cultured astrocytes and in traumatic brain injury model: An involvement of HIF1α activation
Authors: Koyama Yutaka , Hamada Yasuhiro , Fukui Yura , Hosogi Nami , Fujimoto Rina , Hishinuma Shigeru , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Takahashi Kenta , Izumi Yasuhiko , Michinaga Shotaro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNa+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter‐1 (NKCC1) is present in brain cells, including astrocytes. The expression of astrocytic NKCC1 increases in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which induces brain edema. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a factor that induces brain edema and regulates the expression of several pathology‐related genes in astrocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ET‐1 on NKCC1 expression in astrocytes. ET‐1 (100 nM)‐treated cultured astrocytes showed increased NKCC1 mRNA and protein levels. The effect of ET‐1 on NKCC1 expression in cultured astrocytes was reduced by BQ788 (1 μM), an ETB antagonist, but not by FR139317 (1 μM), an ETA antagonist. The involvement of ET‐1 in NKCC1 expression in TBI was examined using a fluid percussion injury (FPI) mouse model that replicates the pathology of TBI with high reproducibility. Administration of BQ788 (15 nmol/day) decreased FPI‐induced expressions of NKCC1 mRNA and protein, accompanied with a reduction of astrocytic activation. FPI‐induced brain edema was attenuated by BQ788 and NKCC1 inhibitors (azosemide and bumetanide). ET‐1‐treated cultured astrocytes showed increased mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α). Immunohistochemical observations of mouse cerebrum after FPI showed co‐localization of HIF1α with GFAP‐positive astrocytes. Increased HIF1α expression in the TBI model was reversed by BQ788. FM19G11 (an HIF inhibitor, 1 μM) and HIF1α siRNA suppressed ET‐induced increase in NKCC1 expression in cultured astrocytes. These results indicate that ET‐1 increases NKCC1 expression in astrocytes through the activation of HIF1α.