bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and binding characteristics of phosphonate inhibitors of SplA protease from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Burchacka Ewa , Zdzalik Michal , Niemczyk Justyna‐Stec , Pustelny Katarzyna , Popowicz Grzegorz , Wladyka Benedykt , Dubin Adam , Potempa Jan , Sienczyk Marcin , Dubin Grzegorz , Oleksyszyn Jozef 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is responsible for a variety of human infections, including life‐threatening, systemic conditions. Secreted proteome, including a range of proteases, constitutes the major virulence factor of the bacterium. However, the functions of individual enzymes, in particular SplA protease, remain poorly characterized. Here, we report development of specific inhibitors of SplA protease. The design, synthesis, and activity of a series of α‐aminoalkylphosphonate diaryl esters and their peptidyl derivatives are described. Potent inhibitors of SplA are reported, which may facilitate future investigation of physiological function of the protease. The binding modes of the high‐affinity compounds Cbz‐PheP‐(OC6H4−4‐SO2CH3)2 and Suc‐Val‐Pro‐PheP‐(OC6H5)2 are revealed by high‐resolution crystal structures of complexes with the protease. Surprisingly, the binding mode of both compounds deviates from previously characterized canonical interaction of α‐aminoalkylphosphonate peptidyl derivatives and family S1 serine proteases.
Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics
Authors: Liu Shelan , Chai Chengliang , Wang Chengmin , Amer Said , Lv Huakun , He Hongxuan , Sun Jimin , Lin Junfen 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retrieved from database using mega 5.05, simplot 3.5.1, network 4.611, and epi information system 3.5.3 software. SFTS presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and considerable changes in several serum biomarkers. The disease has 10 ~ 15% mortality rate, commonly because of multiorgan dysfunction. SFTSV is mainly reported in the rural areas of Central and North‐Eastern China, with seasonal occurrence from May to September, mainly targeting those of ≥50 years of age. A wide range of domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and chickens have been proven seropositive for SFTSV. Ticks, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis, are suspected to be the potential vector, which have a broad animal host range in the world. More studies are needed to elucidate the vector–animal–human ecological cycle, the pathogenic mechanisms in high level animal models and vaccine development. © 2013 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing for qualitative interaction using ratios of treatment differences
Authors: Kitsche Andreas , Hothorn Ludwig A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTesting for or against a qualitative interaction is relevant in randomized clinical trials that use a common primary factor treatment and have a secondary factor, such as the centre, region, subgroup, gender or biomarker. Interaction contrasts are formulated for ratios of differences between the levels of the primary treatment factor. Simultaneous confidence intervals allow for interpreting the magnitude and the relevance of the qualitative interaction. The proposed method is demonstrated by means of a multi‐centre clinical trial, using the R package mratios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte:
Authors: Wahl Michael , Gnaser Hubert , Kopnarski Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDie Charakterisierung von Strukturen der heutigen Dünnschicht‐ und Nanotechnologie fordert die zur Verfügung stehenden instrumentellen Oberflächen‐ und Schichtanalysetechniken bis an die Grenzen ihrer Möglichkeiten. Nachweisempfindlichkeit und Ortsauflösung der etablierten Verfahren reichen inzwischen manchmal nicht mehr aus, um den Anforderungen in den genannten Hochtechnologiebereichen gerecht zu werden. Durch den Einsatz der heute kommerziell verfügbaren modernen 3D‐Atomsonden Tomografen (atom probe tomography APT) werden die Grenzen des analytisch machbaren deutlich erweitert. Herausragende Möglichkeiten zur quantitativen und hochempfindlichen Analyse der chemischen Materialzusammensetzung, kombiniert mit der dreidimensionalen Erfassung der zugehörigen Elementverteilungen bei fast atomarer Tiefen‐ und Lateralauflösung sind inzwischen erreichbar. Nach dem in der letzten Ausgabe veröffentlichten ersten Teil des Beitrags, in dem das der APT zugrunde liegende physikalische und technisch‐instrumentelle Prinzip vorgestellt wurde, werden in diesem Beitrag anhand zweier ausgewählter Analysebeispiele, aus dem Bereich der Magnetspeichertechnologie und der Silizium‐Nanotechnologie, die neuen Analysemöglichkeiten zur untersuchung von Dünnschichtsystemen sowie nanoskaligen Strukturen auch im Vergleich mit anderen Analysemethoden vorgestellt.
Evaluation of continuous‐catch doors for trapping wild pigs
Authors: Smith Trenton N. , Smith Mark D. , Johnson Dana K. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLethal removal by trapping is frequently the most cost‐ and time‐effective means for managing wild pigs (Sus scrofa); however, the effectiveness of continuous‐catch trap doors, which allow the entry of additional pigs into the trap after the door closes, remains unstudied. Our objective was to determine entry of wild pigs through closed root, saloon, and trainer continuous‐catch doors. We constructed 26 corral traps on 4 study areas in east‐central and southwest Alabama, USA, during the summer of 2011. We pre‐baited each trap for ≥1 week to condition wild pigs to freely enter and exit traps and used game cameras to verify conditioning and to identify individuals and sounders. We then randomly assigned a trap door to each trap, set the trigger to capture only part of each sounder, and used game cameras to record the behavior of non‐captured individuals. We observed 239 individuals from 24 sounders. Non‐captured sounder members made 2.9 additional visits/trial (SE = 0.45) to traps after the door had closed, with each visit averaging 57.8 minutes (SE = 14.55) in duration. Of 222 opportunities (non‐captured pigs observed after trap door had closed) only 9 (16%), 1 (1.9%), and 1 (0.9%) wild pigs entered through closed root, trainer, and saloon doors, respectively. Continuous‐catch doors were ineffective at capturing substantial numbers of additional pigs after the door had closed. Given the comparatively greater expense of continuous‐catch doors, landowners and wildlife managers should weigh the relative cost and benefits of these doors when developing wild pig removal programs. © 2013 The Wildlife Society
Clinical Analysis of Anatomical Resection for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on the Stratification of Liver Function
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Ikoma Hisashi , Morimura Ryo , Konishi Hirotaka , Murayama Yasutoshi , Komatsu Shuhei , Shiozaki Atsushi , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Kubota Takeshi , Nakanishi Masayoshi , Ichikawa Daisuke , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Sakakura Chouhei , Ochiai Toshiya , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground
This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of anatomical resection (AR) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with that of nonanatomical resection (NAR) based on the stratification of liver function (LF).MethodsThe clinical records of 174 patients with a single HCC, 2–5 cm in diameter and without macroscopic vascular invasion, were analyzed. AR was performed in 132 patients and NAR was performed in 42 patients. The indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICGR15) of the 78 patients classified as the good‐LF group was 10–20 % and the ICGR15 of the 54 patients classified as the poor‐LF group was 20–40 %.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival rates of the 174 patients were 67.6 and 33.4 %, respectively. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified ICGR15 ≥20 %, liver cirrhosis, α‐fetoprotein ≥100 mg/dL, and infiltrating growth as independent prognostic factors. Liver cirrhosis was significantly less frequent in patients who underwent AR than in patients who underwent NAR (52 vs. 79 %, p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis of the good‐LF group, there were no significant differences in 5‐year OS after AR and NAR (73.3 vs. 65.2 %, p = 0.857). By contrast, in the subgroup analysis of the poor‐LF group, the 5‐year OS after AR was significantly worse than after NAR (45.3 vs. 77.4 %, p = 0.044).ConclusionIn patients with an ICGR15 ≥20 %, we recommend NAR rather than AR for the treatment of a solitary 2–5‐cm‐diameter HCC and without macroscopic vascular invasion.
Endoscopist-related factors contributing to high-quality colonoscopy: results of a
Delphi survey
Authors: Vivian E. Ekkelenkamp Vivian E. , Koch Arjun D. , Haringsma Jelle , Kuipers Ernst J. , De Man Robert A. 
Published: December 2013

Education and competency assessment in gastrointestinal endoscopy is important.
Concerning colonoscopy, it is not completely clear what the best way is to learn this
procedure, what defines competency in colonoscopy, and which factors define a
high-quality colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine the endoscopist-related
factors that define a high-quality colonoscopy. A three-round Delphi survey among expert
endoscopists was carried out. In round 1, the panel was invited to identify factors
essential for a good colonoscopy. The listed factors were to be ranked during the second
round. In the third round, a 5-point Likert scale was added. A reference panel was
invited to assess the items as well. 14 expert endoscopists from the Netherlands were
invited, of whom eight participated (57 %). A list of 30 items important for colonoscopy
was formulated. After the following rounds, consensus was reached on 16 items.
Validation was conducted among eight trainees and eight experienced endoscopists
(response 100 %). The groups agreed on the importance of all but one factor (p = 0.001).
This Delphi survey has made explicit the endoscopist-related factors that are important
for optimal colonoscopy. This might provide trainers more support regarding concrete
competency assessment of trainees in endoscopy.
Hands-on Workshops as An Effective Means of Learning Advanced Technologies Including Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics
Authors: Reisdorph Nichole , Stearman Robert , Kechris Katerina , Phang Tzu Lip , Reisdorph Richard , Prenni Jessica , Erle David J. , Coldren Christopher , Schey Kevin , Nesvizhskii Alexey , Geraci Mark 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Genomics and proteomics have emerged as key technologies in biomedical research, resulting in a surge of interest in training by investigators keen to incorporate these technologies into their research. At least two types of training can be envisioned in order to produce meaningful results, quality publications and successful grant applications: (1) immediate short-term training workshops and (2) long-term graduate education or visiting scientist programs. We aimed to fill the former need by providing a comprehensive hands-on training course in genomics, proteomics and informatics in a coherent, experimentally-based framework. This was accomplished through a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-sponsored 10-day Genomics and Proteomics Hands-on Workshop held at National Jewish Health (NJH) and the University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCD). The course content included comprehensive lectures and laboratories in mass spectrometry and genomics technologies, extensive hands-on experience with instrumentation and software, video demonstrations, optional workshops, online sessions, invited keynote speakers, and local and national guest faculty. Here we describe the detailed curriculum and present the results of short- and long-term evaluations from course attendees. Our educational program consistently received positive reviews from participants and had a substantial impact on grant writing and review, manuscript submissions and publications.
See‐and‐treat management of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a resource‐constrained African setting
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Onyebuchi Azubuike K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the treatment outcomes of women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) who underwent immediate loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and those who had directed biopsies prior to subsequent LEEP.MethodsWomen who were referred for HSIL to 2 centers in southeast Nigeria were examined via colposcopy. Those with positive colposcopic findings were randomized to receive either immediate LEEP (see‐and‐treat group) or directed biopsies (3‐step group). Women with directed biopsy‐confirmed results underwent follow‐up LEEP. Overtreatment rate, cost, default rate, and cytology–treatment interval were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsIn total, 314 women were included in the study. The overtreatment rate was similar between the groups. Treatment cost and cytology–treatment interval were significantly higher in the 3‐step group (P = 0.0001). The default rate was significantly lower in the see‐and‐treat group (P = 0.0001). Most (219 [69.7%]) participants preferred the see‐and‐treat approach.ConclusionImmediate see‐and‐treat LEEP for women with HSIL in southeast Nigeria is cheaper, less time‐consuming, and associated with better patient compliance than the 3‐step management procedure. Furthermore, it does not lead to significantly higher overtreatment. The immediate see‐and‐treat approach may be ideal for the management of women with HSIL in low‐resource countries.
Short‐term outcomes after second‐trimester genetic amniocentesis in Siriraj Hospital
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Chanprapaph Pharuhas , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Eammatta Mukarin , Tontisirin Pornpen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the short‐term outcomes of second‐trimester genetic amniocentesis at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.MethodsIn a retrospective descriptive study, data were assessed from women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent genetic amniocentesis between 16 and 21 gestational weeks at the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Siriraj Hospital, from May 2007 to June 2012. The amniocentesis records and medical data of all women were analyzed statistically.ResultsDuring the 5‐year period, complete data were collected for 3307 pregnant women. The rate of total pregnancy loss within 4 weeks of testing was 7 out of 3307 (0.2%; 95% confidence interval, 0.1%–0.4%). Advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years) was the most common indication for amniocentesis (94.6%). The culture failure rate was 0.2%. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 109 pregnancies (3.3%); trisomy 21 was the most prevalent abnormality (0.8%). The possible risk factors of fetal loss were early amniocentesis (gestational age, < 18 weeks) (P = 0.013), abnormal fetal sonography (P = 0.004), culture failure (P = 0.015), and old‐blood‐ or murky‐stained amniotic fluid (P = 0.036).ConclusionSecond‐trimester genetic amniocentesis resulted in 0.2% of total pregnancy loss within 4 weeks of testing. This information is essential for patient counseling before amniocentesis.
Spectral eigendecomposition‐based algorithm for cavity estimation in fibre‐optic Fabry‐Pérot pressure sensors
Authors: Tosi D. , Poeggel S. , Leen G. , Lewis E. 
Published: December 2013

A novel signal processing‐based approach for the real‐time estimation of air‐gap length in fibre optic extrinsic Fabry‐Pérot pressure sensors is presented; the algorithm is based on eigendecomposition of the spectrum mutual correlation matrix. A pressure accuracy of 6.1 Pa (0.045 mmHg) is achieved in a pressure probe with 1.13 nm/kPa sensitivity, highlighting a 6.4 times improvement over standard quadrature point amplitude tracking by just acting on signal processing.
Asynchronous sigma–delta modulator with noise shaping
Authors: Chen Wei , Papavassiliou C. 
Published: December 2013

A novel architecture of an asynchronous sigma–delta modulator with noise shaping is introduced. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed modulator achieves first‐order noise shaping without an additional loop filter. With the same sampling frequency, the improvement of the SNDR of the asynchronous sigma–delta modulator can be over 20 dB.
Multi‐objective optimal design of an axial‐flux permanent‐magnet wheel motor for electric scooters
Authors: Yang Yee‐Pien , Lee Chung‐Han , Hung Po‐Chang 
Published: December 2013

This study proposes a systematic process of a multi‐objective optimal design of an axial‐flux permanent‐magnet motor for electric scooters. The preliminary design uses a zero‐dimensional (0D) model to determine the number of slots and poles and initial sizes of the motor according to the driving requirements of the scooter. The optimal design process uses a 1D magnetic circuit model with an effective air‐gap distribution function, whereas searching for a set of motor parameters that minimise or maximise motor performance indices such as torque, torque density and torque ripple. The final design is verified and refined by the 3D finite element method. The resulting prototype motor features high torque density of 8.94 Nm/kg and electronic gearshifts between low and high gears. According to their efficiency maps, the driving‐cycle efficiency is estimated as 57% for the electric scooter to operate on the driving cycle ECE‐40.
Dysferlin stabilizes stress-induced Ca
2+
signaling in the transverse tubule membrane
Authors: Kerr Jaclyn P. , Ziman Andrew P. , Mueller Amber L. , Muriel Joaquin M. , Kleinhans-Welte Emily , Gumerson Jessica D. , Vogel Steven S. , Ward Christopher W. , Roche Joseph A. , Bloch Robert J. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Muscular dystrophies linked to the genetic absence or mutations of dysferlin are currently without a relevant therapy. Dysferlin is thought to mediate membrane repair in skeletal muscle, but its localization and specific functions remain controversial. Here we show that dysferlin is enriched in the transverse tubule membrane of skeletal muscle and demonstrate that, in its absence, mechanical stress leads to calcium-dependent muscle injury. Furthermore, we demonstrate that treatment of dysferlin-deficient muscle with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem reduces in vitro experimental and in vivo contraction-induced muscle damage. As diltiazem is approved for clinical use, our results suggest a potential new therapeutic avenue for patients diagnosed with dysferlinopathies.
Shear shocks in fragile networks
Authors: Ulrich Stephan , Upadhyaya Nitin , Opheusden Bas van , Vitelli Vincenzo 
Published: December 2013

Significance
In ordinary solids, shocks are extreme mechanical phenomena: they occur when rigid materials are subjected to violent impacts. However, weakly connected amorphous solids, such as glasses and polymer networks, can be prepared in a state of vanishing rigidity in which even the tiniest (shear) perturbations elicit an extreme mechanical response. When that happens, these materials are not just soft but they become fragile. In our theoretical and computational study, we elucidate the exotic mechanisms whereby nonlinear sound propagates in fragile materials composed of a disordered network of beads connected by springs. Furthermore, we propose a unique approach to infer the fascinating properties of these fragile materials from acoustic experiments that measure the speed and width of strongly nonlinear shock waves.
Grinding and Nutritional Properties of Six Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivars
Authors: Świeca Michał , Dziki Dariusz , Gawlik‐Dziki Urszula , Różyło Renata , Andruszczak Sylwia , Kraska Piotr , Kowalczyk Dariusz , Pałys Edward , Baraniak Barbara 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTSome physical, technological, nutritional, and nutraceutical determinants of six spelt varieties were evaluated. The grains were characterized by similar grain hardness and gave similar breakage patterns on a hammer mill and relatively low grinding energy requirements. The highest protein content was determined for Spelt I.N.Z. and Schwabenkorn (155 mg/g db), whereas the lowest was for Ceralio (98 mg/g db). The total starch content in tested cultivars averaged about 500 mg/g db; however, significant differences were observed for resistant and potentially bioavailable starch. The highest starch digestibility was observed for Ostro, Schwabenspelz, and Spelt I.N.Z. (about 45%), whereas the lowest was for Ceralio (about 33%). Chemically extractable total phenolic compounds content did not differ between cultivars. When flavonoids contents were compared, however, significant differences were observed; their contents ranged from 0.61 to 2.12 mg/g db (Spelt I.N.Z. and Schwabenkorn, respectively). The ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity (XOI) differed significantly between studied cultivars. The results, correlated with flavonoids content (r = 0.522), were found in the order Schwabenspelz > Schwabenkorn ≈ Oberkulmer Rotkorn > Ostro ≈ Ceralio > Spelt I.N.Z.). Simulated digestion significantly released phenolics and flavonoids from all samples; however, no simple relationships between phenolics and XOI were found.
Nonlinear analysis of thermally and electrically actuated functionally graded material microbeam
Authors: Li Yingli , Meguid S. A. , Fu Yiming , Xu Daolin 
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we provide a unified and self-consistent treatment of a functionally graded material (FGM) microbeam with varying thermal conductivity subjected to non-uniform or uniform temperature field. Specifically, it is our objective to determine the effect of the microscopic size of the beam, the electrostatic gap, the temperature field and material property on the pull-in voltage of the microbeam under different boundary conditions. The non-uniform temperature field is obtained by integrating the steady-state heat conduction equation. The governing equations account for the microbeam size by introducing an internal material length-scale parameter that is based on the modified couple stress theory. Furthermore, it takes into account Casimir and van der Waals forces, and the associated electrostatic force with the first-order fringing field effects. The resulting nonlinear differential equations were converted to a coupled system of algebraic equations using the differential quadrature method. The outcome of our work shows the dramatic effect and dependence of the pull-in voltage of the FGM microbeam upon the temperature field, its gradient for a given boundary condition. Specifically, both uniform and non-uniform thermal loading can actuate the FGM microbeam even without an applied voltage. Our work also reveals that the non-uniform temperature field is more effective than the uniform temperature field in actuating a FGM cantilever-type microbeam. For the clamped-clamped case, care must be taken to account for the effective use of thermal loading in the design of microbeams. It is also observed that uniform thermal loading will lead to a reduction in the pull-in voltage of a FGM microbeam for all the three boundary conditions considered.