bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Para-aortic lymph node sampling in pancreatic head adenocarcinoma
Authors: Schwarz L , Lupinacci R M , Svrcek M , Lesurtel M , Bubenheim M , Vuarnesson H , Balladur P , Paye F 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
The significance of positive para-aortic nodes in patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma is unclear. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of intraoperative detection and prognostic significance of these lymph nodes in patients with resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.

Methods
From 2000 to 2010, para-aortic node sampling was performed prospectively in all patients before pancreatoduodenectomy. Frozen sections were created and nodes categorized as positive or negative for metastases. Surgeons were blinded to the frozen-section results. This was followed by standard histopathological assessment of corresponding paraffin-embedded, haematoxylin and eosin-stained material. Nodes considered uninvolved by this analysis were examined immunohistochemically for micrometastases.

Results
A total of 111 consecutive patients were included, with a median follow-up of 20·8 (range 1·5–126) months. The 1-, 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 73·6, 54·0 and 24·7 per cent, and 51·8, 28·1 and 18·8 per cent respectively. Para-aortic node involvement was always associated with peripancreatic lymph node metastasis, and was detected by frozen-section analysis in 12 patients and by haematoxylin and eosin staining in 17. Sensitivity and specificity of frozen-section examination for detecting para-aortic lymph node metastases were 71 and 100 per cent respectively. Median OS for patients with and without para-aortic node involvement on frozen-section analysis was 9·7 versus 28·5 months respectively (P = 0·012), and 15·7 versus 27·2 months (P = 0·050) when assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Median DFS for patients with and without para-aortic node involvement on frozen-section examination was 5·6 versus 12·9 months respectively (P = 0·041), and 8·4 versus 12·9 months (P = 0·038) for haematoxylin and eosin analysis. The presence of micrometastases in para-aortic nodes was not significantly associated with altered OS or DFS.

Conclusion
Para-aortic node sampling with frozen-section examination detects distant lymphatic involvement reliably. It should be performed systematically. When metastases are found, they should be considered a contraindication to pancreatic resection.
Alterations in empathic responding among women with posttraumatic stress disorder associated with childhood trauma
Authors: Parlar Melissa , Frewen Paul , Nazarov Anthony , Oremus Carolina , MacQueen Glenda , Lanius Ruth , McKinnon Margaret C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveAlthough studies increasingly point toward problems with social cognition among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have assessed empathic responding. The aim of the current study was to investigate empathic responding in women with PTSD related to childhood trauma, and the contribution of parental bonding to empathic abilities in this sample.MethodsParticipants with PTSD (n = 29) and sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 20) completed two self‐report empathy measures, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), and a self‐report measure of attachment, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).ResultsWomen with PTSD, relative to controls, reported significantly lower levels of empathic concern (r = 0.29) and perspective taking (r = 0.30), yet significantly higher levels of personal distress (r = 0.45) on the IRI. Women with PTSD also reported elevated scores on the TEQ (η2 = 0.13). Levels of paternal care on the PBI, rather than childhood trauma severity or PTSD symptom severity best predicted perspective taking scores on the IRI in the PTSD sample (R2 = 0.20).ConclusionWomen with PTSD associated with childhood trauma reported alterations among different domains of empathic functioning that may be related to low levels of paternal care.
Carbonate Linkage Bearing Naphthalenediimides: Self‐Assembly and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kulkarni Chidambar , George Subi J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSelf‐assembly of carbonate linkage bearing naphthalene diimides (NDI) showed unusually red‐shifted excimer emission at approximately 560 nm. On the other hand, the ether linkers showed usual excimers at around 520 nm, highlighting the role of the carbonate group in tuning the molecular organization and the resultant photophysical properties of NDI.
Baseline serum albumin is a predictive biomarker for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with bevacizumab: A pooled analysis of 7 prospective trials of gemcitabine‐based therapy with or without bevacizumab
Authors: Pant Shubham , Martin Ludmila K. , Geyer Susan , Wei Lai , Van Loon Katherine , Sommovilla Nilli , Zalupski Mark , Iyer Renuka , Fogelman David , Ko Andrew H. , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDPhase 3 studies of bevacizumab in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APCA) demonstrated no improvement in outcome. To the authors' knowledge, no validated predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab exist, although emerging data suggest that subsets of patients with APCA may benefit from treatment with bevacizumab. The authors evaluated baseline serum albumin (b‐alb) as a predictive biomarker in a pooled analysis from 7 prospective clinical trials of gemcitabine‐based therapy with or without bevacizumab.METHODSData were collected from individual databases from 7 prospective clinical trials. Patients were grouped by exposure to bevacizumab and by b‐alb level (≥ 3.4 g/L or < 3.4 g/dL). Overall survival (OS), time to disease progression (TTP), overall response rate, and disease control rate (overall response rate plus stable disease lasting ≥ 16 weeks) were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses of prognostic factors were performed.RESULTSA total of 264 patients were included. The median age was 59 years (range, 31 years‐85 years) and all patients had stage IV disease per TNM staging. Normal b‐alb was associated with significantly improved median OS (10.2 months vs 4.1 months; P = .0001), median TTP (6.2 months vs 3.7 months; P = 0.0488), and disease control rate (71% vs 46%; P = .007) for patients receiving bevacizumab, but not for those treated without bevacizumab. Multivariable analysis revealed a significant influence of normal b‐alb on OS (P = .0008) and TTP (P = .033).CONCLUSIONSPatients with APCA with normal b‐alb derive benefit from treatment with bevacizumab. Future prospective investigations of bevacizumab in patients with APCA should consider selecting patients with normal b‐alb to maximize potential benefit. Cancer 2014;120:1780–1786. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Correlation of fundamental photoreflectance spectra with surface quality of bulk ZnTe semiconductor grown from Te solution
Authors: Yang Rui , Jie Wanqi , Xu Yadong 
Published: March 2014

Large size ZnTe single crystals were grown from Te‐solution with the vertical Bridgman method. The fundamental photoreflectance (PR) spectra of bulk ZnTe crystal subjected to a successive sequence of surface treatments, i.e., mechanical and chemical polishing, and passivation, have been measured over the wavelength range 200–600 nm at room temperature (RT) for the first time. The shape, relative intensity and evolution of the distinct E0, E1, E1+∆1 and E2 transitions during each stage of wafer processing were investigated. It was found that, those distinct transitions vary with varying crystal surface quality. The intensity of the reflectance peaks is large with sharp peak profile when the surface has good crystalline quality. However, E0 peak can be easily eliminated by a small amount of structural damages on the wafer surface. The dispersion tendency of the E1 and E1+∆1 peaks suggesting the wafer surface is widespread covered by structural damages. The reflection peaks’ intensity were all reduced after passivated with H2O2 solution. E2 peak intensity is more easily to be reduced during passivation.
High rates of growth recorded for hawksbill sea turtles in Anegada, British Virgin Islands
Authors: Hawkes Lucy A. , McGowan Andrew , Broderick Annette C. , Gore Shannon , Wheatley Damon , White Jim , Witt Matthew J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractManagement of species of conservation concern requires knowledge of demographic parameters, such as rates of recruitment, survival, and growth. In the Caribbean, hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) have been historically exploited in huge numbers to satisfy trade in their shells and meat. In the present study, we estimated growth rate of juvenile hawksbill turtles around Anegada, British Virgin Islands, using capture–mark–recapture of 59 turtles over periods of up to 649 days. Turtles were recaptured up to six times, having moved up to 5.9 km from the release location. Across all sizes, turtles grew at an average rate of 9.3 cm year−1 (range 2.3–20.3 cm year−1), and gained mass at an average of 3.9 kg year−1 (range 850 g–16.1 kg year−1). Carapace length was a significant predictor of growth rate and mass gain, but there was no relationship between either variable and sea surface temperature. These are among the fastest rates of growth reported for this species, with seven turtles growing at a rate that would increase their body size by more than half per year (51–69% increase in body length). This study also demonstrates the importance of shallow water reef systems for the developmental habitat for juvenile hawksbill turtles. Although growth rates for posthatching turtles in the pelagic, and turtles larger than 61 cm, are not known for this population, the implications of this study are that Caribbean hawksbill turtles in some areas may reach body sizes suggesting sexual maturity in less time than previously considered.
Resource subsidy flows across freshwater–terrestrial boundaries and influence on processes linking adjacent ecosystems
Authors: Richardson John S. , Sato Takuya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFreshwaters receive more than water from their catchments, including a large amount of materials and biologically available energy, referred to as cross‐ecosystem resource subsidies. The passive flows of energy such as leaf litter and terrestrial invertebrate inputs, as well as dissolved organic carbon, are donor‐controlled, whereas other flows, such as between fish and fish‐eating birds, have more directly coupled feedbacks. There are also flows upstream or to the terrestrial environment in the form of adult aquatic insects, salmon carcasses and particulate carbon through overbank flooding, as well as directed foraging activities. Hypotheses about the effects of flux rates, timing, quality and physical structure of such resource subsidies on the responses of consumers have been experimentally tested at many trophic levels. Many freshwater and terrestrial consumers depend on these subsidies for at least part of their life cycle, and timing of inputs can affect growth. Developing more quantitative relations between the population and community responses across gradients of cross‐ecosystem resource subsidy input rates will require exploring the shape of the relations, as well as the effects of quality and timing on responses. The stage is now set to consider how resource subsidies might affect the stability of communities and processes such as the strength of trophic cascades. The high degree of connectivity between the land and water are essential to biodiversity conservation and to ensuring that critical aquatic ecosystem services are sustained. The management of riparian areas is a key to the security of these values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Characterization, Solution Dynamics, and Reactivity of Palladium Complexes with Benzimidazolin‐ 2‐ylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Hohloch Stephan , Deibel Naina , Schweinfurth David , Frey Wolfgang , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMononuclear and halide‐bridged dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with symmetrically (1 and 3) and nonsymmetrically (2, 4–6) substituted benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray crystallography. The mononuclear complexes exist as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, and the identity of these was ascertained by NMR spectroscopy and structural characterization. The dinuclear complexes 4–6 with nonsymmetrically substituted benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene ligands form rotamers (cis/anti, cis/syn, trans/anti, and trans/syn) at room temperature, which can be transformed to a single rotamer at higher temperatures as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure analyses of representative examples show that the PdII centers are bound in a distorted square‐planar environment by halides and carbene C ligands, and the carbene ligands are perpendicular to the Pd–halide plane. All of the complexes were tested for their efficiency as (pre)catalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, as well as in hydrodehalogenation reactions, and they show good activity. The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions can be performed under air and in water as an environmentally benign solvent. The most active catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling was also used in a sequence together with a “click reaction” to synthesize valuable sterically demanding tripodal triazole ligands.
Structure Solution from Powder Diffraction of Copper 1,4‐Benzenedicarboxylate
Authors: Carson Cantwell G. , Brunnello Giuseppe , Lee Seung Geol , Jang Seung Soon , Gerhardt Rosario A. , Tannenbaum Rina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the synthesis of the microporous metal–organic framework copper 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate [Cu(BDC)], solvent exchange with methanol prior to recrystallization lowers the desolvation temperature to 160 °C and produces more crystalline Cu(BDC). The solution to the crystal structure of Cu(BDC) has been determined by using ab initio quantum molecular calculations and refinement with synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction data. This solution is in the P$\bar {1}$ space group with a = 5.25 Å, b = 9.67 Å, c = 10.77 Å, α = 90.29°, β = 91.06°, γ = 92.413°, and V = 546.04 Å3. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 903 m2 g–1 with 777 m2 g–1 of micropore surface area. The uptake of CO2 and CH4 up to 20 bar were 5.2 and 2.7 mmol g–1, respectively. These values are compared to those of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate [Cu3(BTC)2, HKUST‐1] and used to show that the elevated metal‐site density per unit volume is responsible for a proportionally higher uptake on the basis of relative surface areas. The platelike particles with perpendicular pores are promising candidates for mixed‐matrix membranes.
Functionalisable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Triazole Palladium Complexes and Their Application in the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction
Authors: Gogolieva Ganna , Bonin Hélène , Durand Jérôme , Dechy‐Cabaret Odile , Gras Emmanuel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeven functionalised N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and their corresponding palladium(II) complexes have been synthesised with a triazole moiety as a modular and stable linkage between the catalytic centre and the secondary functional group. The complexes were prepared in good yields and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography. The complexes are active in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, with catalytic activities maintained whatever the triazolyl substituent. This opens the possibility for various functionalisations of NHC–palladium complexes.
On the Investigation of the Droplet–Droplet Interactions of Sodium 1,4‐Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate Reverse Micelles upon Changing the External Solvent Composition and Their Impact on Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Falcone R. Dario , Lopez‐Quintela M. Arturo , Buceta David , Silber Juana J. , Correa N. Mariano 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe effect of the composition of the nonpolar organic media on the properties of sodium 1,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles (RMs) at a fixed temperature were investigated. To monitor interfacial micropolarity and sequestrated water structure in n‐heptane:benzene/AOT/water RMs, the solvatochromic behavior of coumarin 343 (C343) as an absorption and emission probe was studied, and the size of the droplets was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The DLS results confirm the formation of the n‐heptane:benzene/AOT/water RMs at every n‐heptane mole fraction investigated. The data show that as the n‐heptane content increases, the interdroplet attractive interactions and the droplet size both increase. With C343 spectroscopy, we determined the “operational” critical micellar concentration, the interfacial micropolarity of the RMs, the hydrogen‐bond ability of the media, and the sequestrated water structure in every RM system studied. To verify the modulation of the interdroplet interactions by the external solvent, we have used a well‐known synthetic method to create gold nanoparticles in different RM media. The results support the conclusion that the droplet–droplet interactions are favored with n‐heptane as the nonpolar solvent. Thus, the rate of material exchange among micelles increases, and small, monodispersed, and highly concentrated gold nanoparticles are formed. The situation is different for AOT RMs prepared in benzene, in which subnanometer gold clusters are produced. The formation of clusters instead of nanoparticles reflects poor material exchange among the micelles owing to unfavorable droplet–droplet interactions. In this way, our results offer a new appealing way to focus the production of nanoparticles into subnanometer clusters, which is one of the hottest current topics in nanoparticle synthesis. Therefore, it is possible to dramatically affect different properties of the RMs by changing the solvent blend; such effects cannot be obtained with only a single solvent composition and may have a large impact on nanotechnology. We anticipate remarkable effects on nanoparticle sizes and polydispersity with different organic solvent blends.
Synthesis of Enaminone‐Based Vinylogous Peptides
Authors: Šenica Luka , Grošelj Uroš , Kasunič Marta , Kočar Drago , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVinylogous peptides 3 with a vinyl fragment inserted into the peptide C–N bond were prepared from ynones 6 and enaminones 7 that are easily available from Boc‐protected α‐amino acids 4. Coupling at the C terminus was achieved by 1,4‐addition of amino esters 5 to the C≡C bond in 6 or by substitution of the NMe2 group in 7 to give N‐terminal vinylogues 3a–p. Coupling at the N terminus of 3 and 7, in contrast, required temporary protection of the acidolytically labile enamino moiety. Thus, cyclization of 6 or 7 with hydroxylamine, removal of the Boc group with HBr–AcOH, acylation of free amine 10 with BocGlyOH (4a), and hydrogenolytic deprotection of the enamino moiety in the presence of GlyOMe (5a) led to tripeptides 3q–s with vinylogous amide as the central building block.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Mercury(II) Ions Based on DNA‐Linked Luminol‐Au NPs Superstructure
Authors: Wan Jun , Yin Guang , Ma Xiuju , Xing Ling , Luo Xiliang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection protocol for mercury(II) ions was developed. Based on the strong and stable thyminethymine mismatches complexes coordination chemistry, mercury(II) ions can specifically bind to a designed DNA strand, leading to the release of the complimentary DNA strand. The released DNA strand was then captured by magnetic beads modified with specific DNA, and then through the formation of DNA‐linked luminol‐Au nanoparticles (NPs) superstructure, a specific ECL system for mercury(II) ions was developed. Using 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane as an effective enhancer, the ECL system can detect Hg2+ ion within a linear range from 2.0×10−10 mol L−1 to 2.0×10−8 M, with a detection limit as low as 1.05×10−10 M (3σ). Moreover, this ECL system is highly specific for Hg2+, without interference from other commonly coexisted metal ions, and it can be used for the analysis of real samples.
Screen‐Printed Disposable Sensors Modified with Bismuth Precursors for Rapid Voltammetric Determination of 3 Ecotoxic Nitrophenols
Authors: Lezi Nikolitsa , Economou Anastasios , Barek Jiri , Prodromidis Mamas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis work reports the application of screen‐printed electrodes bulk‐modified with bismuth precursors to the voltammetric determination of 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP), 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP) in water samples. A bismuth film was formed at the electrode surface via in situ reduction of the precursor compound contained in the electrode matrix by cathodic polarization at −1.20 V. The formation of bismuth layer at the precursor‐modified electrodes was assessed by cyclic voltammetric (CV) at different pH values and by optical techniques. The target nitrophenols were voltammetrically determined by recording their reduction peaks in the differential pulse (DP) mode. The composition and content of the precursor compounds in the printed ink and the effect of the pH of the supporting electrolyte on the DP reduction currents of the 3 target nitrophenols were studied. The limits of quantification (LOQs) in three water matrices (distilled water, tap water and surface water) were in the range 1.1–2.2 µmol L−1. Using a simple solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedure with Lichrolut EN cartridges and elution with methanol, a preconcentration factor of 100 was achieved; the LOQs were 0.021, 0.027 and 0.025 µmol L−1 for 2‐NP, 4‐NP and 2,4‐DNP, respectively. The recoveries of samples spiked with the 3 target nitrophenols at two concentration levels (0.04 and 0.1 µmol L−1) were always >87 %.
Experimental evaluation of dynamic characteristics of seesaw energy dissipation system for vibration control of structures
Authors: Kang Jae‐Do , Tagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYSeesaw energy dissipation system (SEDS), a vibration control system used to provide enhanced seismic protection, has been proposed and investigated numerically. Because of its complicated arrangement, verification experiments are necessary to demonstrate the SEDS damping capacity. This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of the SEDS using fluid viscous dampers. Free vibration tests are conducted to demonstrate the SEDS damping capacity. Results of the free vibration test show that the SEDS has sufficient damping capacity for reduction of the seismic response of the frames. Parametric experimental investigations of the SEDS were conducted, the results of which demonstrate the effects of the system parameter on the damping capacity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.