bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss in survivors of childhood head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Schoot R.A. , Theunissen E.A.R. , Slater O. , Lopez‐Yurda M. , Zuur C.L. , Gaze M.N. , Chang Y.‐C. , Mandeville H.C. , Gains J.E. , Rajput K. , Pieters B.R. , Davila Fajardo R. , Talwar R. , Caron H.N. , Balm A.J.M. , Dreschler W.A. , Merks J.H.M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the hearing status of survivors treated for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) at long‐term follow‐up.DesignCross‐sectional long‐term follow‐up study.SettingTertiary comprehensive cancer centre.ParticipantsSurvivors treated for HNRMS during childhood in two concurrent cohorts; survivors in London had been treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT‐based local therapy); survivors in Amsterdam were treated with AMORE (Ablative surgery, MOuld technique afterloading brachytherapy and surgical REconstruction) if feasible, otherwise EBRT (AMORE‐based local therapy).Main outcome measuresWe assessed hearing status of HNRMS survivors at long‐term follow‐up. Hearing thresholds were obtained by pure‐tone audiometry.MethodsWe assessed the hearing thresholds, the number of patients with clinically relevant hearing loss and hearing impairment graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 (CTCAEv4) and Boston criteria. Furthermore, we compared hearing loss between survivors treated with EBRT‐based local therapy (London) and AMORE‐based local therapy (Amsterdam).ResultsSeventy‐three survivors were included (median follow‐up 11 years). We found clinically relevant hearing loss at speech frequencies in 19% of survivors. Multivariable analysis showed that survivors treated with EBRT‐based treatment and those with parameningeal tumours had significantly more hearing impairment, compared to survivors treated with AMORE‐based treatment and non‐parameningeal tumours.ConclusionsOne in five survivors of HNRMS developed clinically relevant hearing loss. AMORE‐based treatment resulted in less hearing loss compared to EBRT‐based treatment. As hearing loss was highly prevalent and also occurred in survivors with orbital primaries, we recommend systematic audiological follow‐up in all HNRMS survivors.
Learning Problem‐Solving Rules as Search Through a Hypothesis Space
Authors: Lee Hee Seung , Betts Shawn , Anderson John R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLearning to solve a class of problems can be characterized as a search through a space of hypotheses about the rules for solving these problems. A series of four experiments studied how different learning conditions affected the search among hypotheses about the solution rule for a simple computational problem. Experiment 1 showed that a problem property such as computational difficulty of the rules biased the search process and so affected learning. Experiment 2 examined the impact of examples as instructional tools and found that their effectiveness was determined by whether they uniquely pointed to the correct rule. Experiment 3 compared verbal directions with examples and found that both could guide search. The final experiment tried to improve learning by using more explicit verbal directions or by adding scaffolding to the example. While both manipulations improved learning, learning still took the form of a search through a hypothesis space of possible rules. We describe a model that embodies two assumptions: (1) the instruction can bias the rules participants hypothesize rather than directly be encoded into a rule; (2) participants do not have memory for past wrong hypotheses and are likely to retry them. These assumptions are realized in a Markov model that fits all the data by estimating two sets of probabilities. First, the learning condition induced one set of Start probabilities of trying various rules. Second, should this first hypothesis prove wrong, the learning condition induced a second set of Choice probabilities of considering various rules. These findings broaden our understanding of effective instruction and provide implications for instructional design.
Optimal allocation of invasive species surveillance with the maximum expected coverage concept
Authors: Yemshanov Denys , Haight Robert G. , Koch Frank H. , Lu Bo , Venette Robert , Lyons D. Barry , Scarr Taylor , Ryall Krista 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimWe address the problem of geographically allocating scarce survey resources to detect pests in their pathways of introduction given information about their likelihood of movement between origins and destinations. We introduce a model for selecting destination sites for survey that departs from the aim of reducing propagule pressure (PP) in pest destinations and instead aims to increase monitoring of pest origins. The model is a maximum expected coverage problem (MECP), which maximizes the expected number of origins that are covered by the survey system, where an origin is covered if at least one of its transmission pathways connects to a surveyed destination. For comparison, we present two models that aim to reduce PP in destination sites. One model maximizes the expected number of transmission pathways that are covered by survey locations and the other maximizes the expected number of survey locations that have one or more pest introductions.LocationUnited States, Canada.MethodsWe demonstrate the models by analysing the human‐mediated spread of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire), a major pest of ash trees in North America, by visitors to campgrounds in central Canada and the US Midwest. The models incorporate estimates of spread rates from a network of campers travelling from approximately 6500 invaded domains to 266 uninvaded campgrounds in three Canadian provinces (Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba) and three US states (Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin).ResultsThe MECP and PP‐based model solutions agreed for large surveillance budgets but exhibited differences when the budgets were small. These results stem from differences between the coverage‐based objective in MECP and the PP‐based metrics in the PP models.Main conclusionsOur comparison of MECP and PP‐based models reveals the trade‐offs between objectives. Overall, the MECP is generic and can be adapted to survey species that are spread via other human‐mediated vectors.
Argon plasma coagulation is effective for prevention of recurrent esophageal varices after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: Single‐center case–control study
Authors: Deguchi Hisanobu , Kato Jun , Maeda Yoshimasa , Moribata Kosaku , Shingaki Naoki , Niwa Toru , Inoue Izumi , Maekita Takao , Iguchi Mikitaka , Tamai Hideyuki , Ichinose Masao 
Published: August 2015

Background and AimEsophageal varices are usually treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) or endoscopic band ligation (EBL). However, frequent recurrences of varices after those procedures have been problematic. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) after EIS may be effective for preventing varix recurrence and, in recent years, we have routinely carried out APC after EIS. The aim of the present study was to verify the effectiveness of APC for preventing recurrence of varices after EIS.MethodsA case–control study was carried out using a historical control cohort in a single center. The varix recurrence rate in 62 patients (34 men and 28 women, median age; 69 years) who underwent APC after EIS for hemorrhagic or risky esophageal varices (APC group) was compared with that of control patients who did not undergo APC after EIS (control group). Age‐, sex‐, and liver function‐matched two control subjects were selected for one case subject (control group). Recurrence of varices was defined as rupture of varices or reappearance of risky varices.ResultsThe 1‐year and 2‐year recurrence rates of the APC group were 9.7% and 11.3%, respectively. In contrast, the rates of the control group were 29.0% and 34.7%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a significantly lower recurrence rate in the APC group (P = 0.013, log–rank test). No APC‐related severe adverse events were observed.ConclusionAPC after EIS was safe and could significantly prevent recurrence of esophageal varices. Therefore, the addition of APC should be routinely carried out after EIS.
Recruitment of sympatric vendace (Coregonus albula) and whitefish (C. lavaretus) is affected by different environmental factors
Authors: Linløkken Arne N. , Sandlund Odd T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVendace and whitefish in Lake Osensjøen (boreal south‐east Norway) were studied by means of gillnet test fishing (1976–2013) and hydro acoustic acquisition (1986–2011). Vendace increased in number between 1998 and 2009 while growth and size at maturity decreased. The relative density of whitefish decreased in the pelagic habitat, whereas growth and size remained the same. Both species exhibited varying year‐class strength. Whereas strong year‐classes of both species became less frequent after 1980 than before this, this seemed to change after 2000, especially for vendace. Generalised additive models suggested a strong positive relationship between July/August mean air temperature and year‐class strength of both vendace and whitefish. Whitefish recruitment was also negatively affected by the new regulation regime implemented since 1981, and positively correlated with water level after hatching and by late ice off. The reason for the diverging impacts of environmental factors on the two species may be that vendace spawn in deeper waters that whitefish do. The results indicate that increasing summer temperatures benefit recruitment of both species, whereas low water level and early ice off will harm whitefish recruitment. Both trends are caused by climate warming. It may be speculated that increased density of the specialised plankton feeding vendace may affect the algal community through increased predation on herbivorous zooplankton and potentially affect the trophic state of the lake.
Epileptic encephalopathies: Optimizing seizure control and developmental outcome
Authors: Jehi Lara , Wyllie Elaine , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: August 2015

SummaryCognitive and developmental outcomes in patients with epileptic encephalopathy are hypothesized to result from an interplay between the underlying epileptic pathologic substrate and the acquired consequences of frequent and repetitive seizures and epileptiform discharges that often straddle the interictal and ictal boundaries. This article briefly reviews the evidence related to this assumption, presents critical questions that need to be answered to clarify this relationship, and advances a set of concrete steps that may help improve developmental patient outcomes.
N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V modulates radiosensitivity and migration of small cell lung cancer through epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Huang Chunyue , Huang Miaojuan , Chen Wenxia , Zhu Weiliang , Meng Hui , Guo Linlang , Wei Ting , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2015

N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Gnt‐V) has been linked to the migration of various human cancers. Recently we have found that inhibition of Gnt‐V increases the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which Gnt‐V mediates radiosensitivity and migration, especially in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remain unknown. In our study, two SCLC cell lines (H1688 and H146) were used to investigate whether Gnt‐V modulated the radiosensitivity and migration of SCLC cells through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results showed that the expression of Gnt‐V correlated with the N stage in patients with SCLC. Overexpression of Gnt‐V led to a further increase in the relative viable cell number and survival fraction with a decrease in apoptosis rate and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, when the cells were treated with irradiation. By contrast, knockdown of Gnt‐V with irradiation resulted in a further decrease in the relative viable cell number and survival fraction but an increase in apoptosis rate and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Cells expressing high levels of Gnt‐V increased migration whereas low levels of Gnt‐V suppressed cell migration. Besides, the transient knockdown of ZEB2 led to an increase in radiosensitivity and an inhibition in the migration of SCLC cells. Furthermore, Gnt‐V was negatively correlated with E‐cadherin expression but positively correlated with N‐cadherin, vimentin and ZEB2 expression. Finally, an in vivo study revealed that upregulation of Gnt‐V caused tumour growth more quickly, as well as the expression of EMT‐related markers (N‐cadherin, vimentin and ZEB2). Taken together, the study suggested that an elevation of Gnt‐V could lead to the radiosensitivity and migration of SCLC cells by inducing EMT, thereby highlighting Gnt‐V as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of EMT‐associated tumour radioresistance and migration.
Empowering or impeding return migration? ICT, mobile phones, and older migrants’ communications with home
Authors: HUNTER ALISTAIR 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the last two decades, transnational social fields have been transformed by advances in information and communication technologies (ICT). Many scholars have noted the empowering effects of these technological advances for migrants. Drawing on the concept of return preparedness, it follows that ICT use should also empower prospective returnees, enabling them to be better informed and prepared for return. However, multi‐sited ethnographic research with older North and West African men living in migrant worker hostels in France finds that ICT use – particularly mobile telephony –impedes return. In some instances, mobile phones serve to amplify the pressures on the men to provide financially for their stay‐at‐home relatives. In others, mobile phones reinforce attachments to France by facilitating networks of solidarity among hostel residents. Instead of returning definitively at retirement, many hostel residents choose a bi‐residence strategy, dividing their time between France and countries of origin.
Moralizing emotional remittances: transnational familyhood and translocal moral economy in the Philippines' ‘Little Italy’
Authors: KATIGBAK EVANGELINE O. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, I explain the intersections of morality and emotions in the (re)constitution of transnational familyhood and translocal moral economy. I use the case of the Philippines’ ‘Little Italy’ to explore the translocal emotional geographies of sustaining transnational families through what I call ‘emotional remittances', which indicate how emotions move across translocal social fields through remittances. I first probe the understandings of transnational familyhood in the Philippines and then move on to interrogate the translocal moral economy that influences the meanings of, and attitudes towards, emotional remittances. I first argue that the continuation of transnational familyhood implies the subscription to the translocal moral economy embedded in sending societies. Second, this translocal moral economy is underpinned by emotional constructs such as love, ingratitude and guilt, that (re)shape and are (re)shaped by transnational familyhood. The findings and analysis in this article contribute to further theorizations of the interrelations of emotion, remittances and transnational family formation.
Collaborative learning framework for online stakeholder engagement
Authors: Khodyakov Dmitry , Savitsky Terrance D. , Dalal Siddhartha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPublic and stakeholder engagement can improve the quality of both research and policy decision making. However, such engagement poses significant methodological challenges in terms of collecting and analysing input from large, diverse groups.ObjectiveTo explain how online approaches can facilitate iterative stakeholder engagement, to describe how input from large and diverse stakeholder groups can be analysed and to propose a collaborative learning framework (CLF) to interpret stakeholder engagement results.MethodsWe use ‘A National Conversation on Reducing the Burden of Suicide in the United States’ as a case study of online stakeholder engagement and employ a Bayesian data modelling approach to develop a CLF.ResultsOur data modelling results identified six distinct stakeholder clusters that varied in the degree of individual articulation and group agreement and exhibited one of the three learning styles: learning towards consensus, learning by contrast and groupthink. Learning by contrast was the most common, or dominant, learning style in this study.ConclusionStudy results were used to develop a CLF, which helps explore multitude of stakeholder perspectives; identifies clusters of participants with similar shifts in beliefs; offers an empirically derived indicator of engagement quality; and helps determine the dominant learning style. The ability to detect learning by contrast helps illustrate differences in stakeholder perspectives, which may help policymakers, including Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute, make better decisions by soliciting and incorporating input from patients, caregivers, health‐care providers and researchers. Study results have important implications for soliciting and incorporating input from stakeholders with different interests and perspectives.
Health e‐mavens: identifying active online health information users
Authors: Sun Ye , Liu Miao , Krakow Melinda 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundGiven the rapid increase of Internet use for effective health communication, it is important for health practitioners to be able to identify and mobilize active users of online health information across various web‐based health intervention programmes. We propose the concept ‘health e‐mavens’ to characterize individuals actively engaged in online health information seeking and sharing activities.ObjectivesThis study aimed to address three goals: (i) to test the factor structure of health e‐mavenism, (ii) to assess the reliability and validity of this construct and (iii) to determine what predictors are associated with health e‐mavenism.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the 2010 Health Tracking Survey. We assessed the factor structure of health e‐mavenism using confirmatory factor analysis and examined socio‐demographic variables, health‐related factors and use of technology as potential predictors of health e‐mavenism through ordered regression analysis.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses showed that a second‐order two‐factor structure best captured the health e‐maven construct. Health e‐mavenism comprised two second‐order factors, each encompassing two first‐order dimensions: information acquisition (consisting of information tracking and consulting) and information transmission (consisting of information posting and sharing). Both first‐order and second‐order factors exhibited good reliabilities. Several factors were found to be significant predictors of health e‐mavenism.Discussion and conclusionThis study offers a starting point for further inquiries about health e‐mavens. It is a fruitful construct for health promotion research in the age of new media technologies. We conclude with specific recommendations to further develop the health e‐maven concept through continued empirical research.
The use of mobile technology in health libraries: a summary of a UK‐based survey
Authors: Chamberlain David , Elcock Martin , Puligari Preeti 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundHealth libraries have changed over the past fifteen years in the format of the information they provide. This is driven by developments in technology.ObjectivesTo conduct a survey of NHS health libraries in the United Kingdom in order to summarise how mobile technologies are being used, how they are promoted and how they are delivered, highlighting good practice and solutions to issues.MethodsAn online survey was carried out in 2013 and sent to academic and NHS web‐based discussion lists. There were 199 responses.ResultsMain replies were from large Acute Hospital Trusts. Only 18% of respondents had conducted research into use of mobile technology (MT) within their Trust. Forty per cent of Trusts offered clinical point of care tools, 29% mobile catalogues, and 30% had mobile enabled web sites. Libraries utilised third‐party partnerships rather than develop their own applications or tools. Seventy per cent of Trusts promoted new MT services via e‐mail. Network restrictions were the main barrier to development as well as finance and expertise.ConclusionsUptake and development of MT is sporadic and driven by individuals. There is an opportunity for collaboration and sharing resources and expertise. There are benefits to adopting user‐friendly resources.
Early Cretaceous I‐type granites in the southwest Fujian Province: new constraints on the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of southeast China
Authors: Zhao Xilin , Liu Kai , Yu Minggang , Jiang Yang , Mao Jianren , Zhou Xiaohua , Yu Shengyao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractZircons from two samples of the Sukeng pluton in the southwest Fujian Province, China, were analyzed by LA–ICP–MS with the aim of determining the timing of formation. The zircons from the two samples yield similar U–Pb ages of 100.47 ± 0.42 and 102.46 ± 0.69 Ma, indicating that the Sufeng pluton is contemporaneous with the Sifang and Luoboling plutons, all of which are also related to Cu–Au–Pb–Zn–Mo mineralization within the study area. All three plutons have geochemical features of I‐type granites, are high‐ to mid‐K calc‐alkaline metaluminous rocks, and have average molar Al2O3/ (CaO+Na2O+K2O) values of 0.95, initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70465–0.70841, εNd(t) values at 101 Ma from –1.72 to –7.26, and two‐stage Nd model ages (T2DM) from 1.16 to 1.60 Ga. Zircons within these plutons have εHf(t) values at 101 Ma from –3.5 to 6.25 and T2DM ages from 0.74 to 1.46 Ga, suggesting these I‐type granites formed from magmas generated by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic continental crust that mixed with mantle‐derived magmas. The magmatism was associated with thickening of the lower crust caused by collisions between microcontinents in the Cathaysian Block, which were driven by Early Cretaceous subduction of the Pacific Plate.
Precipitation Synthesis and Color‐Tailorable Luminescence of α‐Zr(HPO4)2: RE3+(RE = Eu, Tb) Nanosheet Phosphors
Authors: Shi Shikao , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Shuping , Geng Lina , Zhang Jianjun , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2015

The rare earth (RE = Eu and Tb) ions‐doped α‐Zr(HPO4)2 (ZrP) nanosheet phosphors were synthesized by direct precipitation method, and their structures and photoluminescence properties were investigated. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the systems of ZrP:RE3+ had similar nanosheet structure except with relatively larger interlayer spacing as compared with pure α‐ZrP. Under the excitation of UV light, the ZrP:RE3+ nanosheet phosphors showed red and green emission peaks corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ and the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+, respectively. After Eu3+ and Tb3+ were co‐doped in ZrP host, not only the red and green emission peaks were simultaneously observed, but also the luminescent intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of Tb3+ were gradually decreased with the increase in Eu3+‐doping concentration, which implied the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ happened. It was deduced that the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ occurred via exchange interaction. Through optimization to the samples, a nearly white‐light emission with the color coordinate (0.322, 0.263) was achieved under 377 nm excitation. The ZrP:RE3+ nanosheet phosphors may be a potential color‐tailorable candidate for fabricating optoelectronic devices such as electroluminescence panels.