bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dkk‐1–Mediated Inhibition of Wnt Signaling in Bone Ameliorates Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Funck‐Brentano Thomas , Bouaziz Wafa , Marty Caroline , Geoffroy Valerie , Hay Eric , Cohen‐Solal Martine 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveWnt signaling is a master regulator of joint homeostasis, but its role in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. This study was undertaken to characterize the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin in knee joints of mice with OA and to assess how inhibiting this pathway in bone could affect cartilage.MethodsOA was induced by partial meniscectomy in Topgal mice and in transgenic mice overexpressing Dkk‐1 under the control of the 2.3‐kb Col1a1 promoter (Col1a1‐Dkk‐1–Tg mice). Wnt/β‐catenin activation was assessed by X‐Gal staining at baseline and at weeks 4, 6, and 9. Cartilage and bone damage was analyzed in Col1a1‐Dkk‐1–Tg mice with OA at week 6. Primary chondrocytes and cartilage explants were used to assess the effect of Dkk‐1 on cartilage catabolism.ResultsIn meniscectomized Topgal mice, Wnt was mainly activated in osteocytes from the subchondral bone at week 6 after OA induction, as well as in osteophytes and synovium at week 4. Chondrocytes from damaged zones expressed X‐Gal from week 4. Dkk‐1 expression was high in chondrocytes in control mouse knees (mean ± SEM 84.2 ± 3.1%) but decreased greatly in knees of meniscectomized mice from week 4 (mean ± SEM 14.4 ± 3.8%). The OA score was lower in meniscectomized Col1a1‐Dkk‐1–Tg mice at week 6 compared with wild‐type mice (5.1 ± 0.6 versus 8.4 ± 0.6; P = 0.002). Subchondral bone fraction and osteophyte volume were decreased. However, cartilage explants from Col1a1‐Dkk‐1–Tg mice showed proteoglycan loss and increased NITEGE expression. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was reduced in osteoblasts from Col1a1‐Dkk‐1–Tg mice, thereby decreasing expression of messenger RNA for matrix metalloproteinases in chondrocytes.ConclusionWnt activation in OA affects the whole joint, particularly bone. Selective inhibition of this pathway in bone by Dkk‐1 decreased OA severity through VEGF inhibition.
Distinct Effects of Soluble and Membrane‐Bound Fas Ligand on Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Audo Rachel , Calmon‐Hamaty Flavia , Papon Laura , Combe Bernard , Morel Jacques , Hahne Michael 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveInjection of agonistic anti‐Fas antibody has been shown to decrease disease symptoms in mouse models of arthritis. Additionally, membrane‐bound FasL (mFasL) has been shown to induce cell death in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, levels of soluble FasL (sFasL) are increased in the joints of RA patients and have been associated with disease severity, indicating that mFasL and sFasL play opposing roles in RA. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of FasL on RA FLS responses.MethodsThe responses of FLS from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients to soluble and oligomeric FasL, the latter mimicking mFasL, were analyzed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and proliferation assays, using 3 different FasL variants. The signaling pathways that trigger FasL responses were characterized by Western blotting.ResultsWe found that mFasL and sFasL have distinct roles in RA FLS. Crosslinked FasL preferentially induced apoptosis, whereas sFasL stimulated proliferation. Moreover, sFasL activated several signaling pathways in RA FLS, such as ERK‐1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, caspase 8, and JNK, with a prominent role of JNK, since only the blockade of this pathway rendered FLS more susceptible to FasL‐induced apoptosis. Crosslinked FasL induced apoptosis in FLS from OA patients, but sFasL failed to stimulate their proliferation.ConclusionOur findings suggest that sFasL is a disease promoter in RA, a finding consistent with previous reports describing a tumor‐promoting role of FasL. Therefore, blocking of sFasL could be a therapeutic strategy for RA.
Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence, and Electroluminescence of Siloles that Contain Planar Fluorescent Chromophores
Authors: Chen Bin , Jiang Yibin , He Bairong , Zhou Jian , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lu Ping , Kwok Hoi Sing , Qiu Huayu , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein, a new series of siloles that were 2,5‐substituted with planar fluorescent chromophores (PFCs), including fluorene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, and anthracene, were synthesized and characterized. These compounds showed weak emission in the solution state, owing to active intramolecular rotation (IMR), but the synergistic effect from electronic coupling between the PFC and the silole ring compensated for the emission quenching by the IMR process to some extent, thereby affording higher emission efficiencies than those of 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylsiloles in solution. These new siloles showed enhanced emission efficiencies in the aggregated state. The electroluminescence (EL) color and efficiency of new siloles were sensitive towards the PFC. Siloles containing naphthalene moieties showed green EL emission, whilst those containing anthracene moieties showed orange EL emission. The siloles containing pyrene moieties exhibited yellow EL emission at 546 nm, with a peak luminance of 49000 cd cm−2 and a high current efficiency of 9.1 cd A−1.
Time Reproduction Performance Is Associated With Age and Working Memory in High‐Functioning Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Brenner Laurie A. , Shih Vivian H. , Colich Natalie L. , Sugar Catherine A. , Bearden Carrie E. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: July 2014

Impaired temporal processing has historically been viewed as a hallmark feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Recent evidence suggests temporal processing deficits may also be characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the factors that impact temporal processing in children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of co‐morbid attention problems, working memory (WM), age, and their interactions, on time reproduction in youth with and without ASD.Twenty‐seven high‐functioning individuals with ASD and 25 demographically comparable typically developing individuals (ages 9–17; 85% male) were assessed on measures of time reproduction, auditory WM, and inattention/hyperactivity. The time reproduction task required depression of a computer key to mimic interval durations of 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 sec. Mixed effects regression analyses were used to model accuracy and variability of time reproduction as functions of diagnostic group, interval duration, age, WM, and inattention/hyperactivity.A significant group by age interaction was detected for accuracy, with the deficit in the ASD group being greater in younger children. There was a significant group by WM interaction for consistency, with the effects of poor WM on performance consistency being more pronounced in youth with ASD. All participants tended to underestimate longer interval durations and to be less consistent for shorter interval durations; these effects appeared more pronounced in those who were younger or who had poorer WM performance. Inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in the ASD group were not related to either accuracy or consistency.This study highlights the potential value of temporal processing as an intermediate trait of relevance to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2015, 8: 29–37. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heteropoly Acid/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Materials as Efficient Solid‐Acid Catalysts
Authors: Qi Wei , Liu Wei , Liu Songyun , Zhang Bingsen , Gu Xianmo , Guo Xiaoling , Su Dangsheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA prototype supported solid‐acid catalyst composed of a heteropoly acid (HPA) and nitrogen‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (NCNT) has been developed. The chemical structure and acid strength of the HPA/NCNT hybrid have been characterized thoroughly by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM, and titration measurements. NCNT supports provide the HPA with an ideal hydrophobic environment, which could prevent the deactivation of the acid sites effectively in aqueous media. HPA/NCNT hybrid catalysts tend to adsorb and enrich hydrophobic substrates (ester) and release the product with high polarity (ethanol) in the aqueous phase, and this synergistic effect facilitates the catalytic process and enhances the activity of HPAs for ester hydrolysis reactions. The HPA and NCNT combine through electrostatic interactions, which ensures the relatively high stability and easy regeneration of the HPA/NCNT hybrid catalysts. The present approach provides a promising and universal strategy for the construction of hybrid catalysts based on HPA and nanocarbon with unique acidic or redox properties.
Organocatalyzed Step‐Growth Polymerization through Desymmetrization of Cyclic Anhydrides: Synthesis of Chiral Polyesters
Authors: Martin Anthony , Robert Frédéric , Taton Daniel , Cramail Henri , Vincent Jean‐Marc , Landais Yannick 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe polymerization of prochiral bis‐anhydrides with diols catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid was shown to provide chiral polyesters in good yields and with high levels of stereocontrol. The structures of the polyesters were determined by 1H and 13C NMR analyses, whereas their size was estimated by both size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, which indicated that moderate degrees of polymerization were attained through this step‐growth polymerization. The enantioselectivity of the process was evaluated by using chiral HPLC analysis of the bis‐lactones resulting from a controlled chemoselective degradation of the polyesters. The best stereocontrol was reached for oligomers formed from bis‐anhydride and diol monomers bearing rigid aromatic spacers between the reactive functional groups. In this case, average enantioselectivities were comparable to those observed during ring‐opening of simple anhydrides with similar alcohols. In contrast, the use of more flexible spacers between reactive entities generally led to lower levels of stereocontrol.
Induced Helical Chirality of Perylenebisimide Aggregates Allows for Enantiopurity Determination and Differentiation of α‐Hydroxy Carboxylates by Using Circular Dichroism
Authors: Wu Xin , Chen Xuan‐Xuan , Song Bing‐Nan , Huang Yan‐Jun , Li Zhao , Chen Zhan , James Tony D. , Jiang Yun‐Bao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have developed a working strategy for accurate enantiomeric excess (ee) determination based on induced helical aggregation of achiral perylenebisimide (PBI) dyes. PBI dyes functionalized with boronic acid moieties were shown to be effective chirality sensors for α‐hydroxy carboxylates. Seven α‐hydroxy carboxylates tested showed strong induced Cotton effects in the perylene absorption region around λ=500 nm, which were utilized for enantiomeric excess determination and chemo‐discrimination of the analytes, with an average absolute error of 2 % in ee determination and 100 % correctness in analyte classification. Responses in the absorption spectra, which arise from the guest‐enhanced aggregation, allow the determination of the sample concentration, thus enabling analysis of samples of unknown concentration and ee. The simplicity of the strategy, the ease of sample preparation, and the accuracy demonstrated, can potentially facilitate screening procedures in asymmetric synthesis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐1H‐imidazol‐5(2H)‐ones and Quinoxalines Involving CC Bond Cleavage with a 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Unit as a Leaving Group
Authors: Yang Yan , Ni Fan , Shu Wen‐Ming , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough 2‐imino‐1H‐imidazol‐5(2H)‐ones have important biological activities in metabolism, their synthesis has rarely been investigated. Quinoxalines as “privileged scaffolds” in medicinal chemistry have been extensively investigated, but the development of novel and efficient synthetic methods remains very attractive. Herein, we have developed two copper‐catalyzed domino reactions for the synthesis of 2‐imino‐1H‐imidazol‐5(2H)‐ones and quinoxalines involving CC bond‐cleavage with a 1,3‐dicarbonyl unit as a leaving group. The domino sequence for the synthesis of 2‐imino‐1H‐imidazol‐5(2H)‐ones includes aza‐Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, CC bond‐cleavage, 1,2‐rearrangement, and aerobic dehydrogenation reaction, whereas the domino sequence for the synthesis of quinoxalines includes aza‐Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, elimination reaction, and CC bond‐cleavage reaction. The two domino reactions have significant advantages including high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and high tolerance of various functional groups.
Polybenzoxazine: A Powerful Tool for Removal of Mercury Salts from Water
Authors: Taskin Omer S. , Kiskan Baris , Aksu Abdullah , Balkis Nuray , Weber Jens , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA reusable macroporous polybenzoxazine resin with high specific surface area was prepared as sorbent material for the removal of mercury salts. For this purpose, allyl‐functionalized bis‐benzoxazine was cured in dimethyl sulfoxide by thermally activated ring‐opening polymerization at 180 °C for 3 d followed by a freeze‐drying process. The porous structure of the resin was confirmed by SEM analysis and N2 adsorption/desorption studies at 77.3 K. Among various metal ions, namely, PbII, FeII, MnII, CuII, ZnII, and CdII, the porous polybenzoxazine resin exhibited a specific sorption behaviour towards HgII. Mainly chemisorption and to some extent adsorption mechanisms were proposed for the observed high loading capacity of the resin. As evidenced by FTIR spectral analysis, the chemisorption is attributed to the coordination system formed between free OH and tertiary amino groups in the polybenzoxazine structure and HgII ions. It was also demonstrated that the porous polybenzoxazine can be regenerated simply by treatment with acids. The resin was recycled for up to seven cycles without any significant loss of activity, as proved by sorption and desorption experiments.
Concept of Waste Heat Recovery for Material Usage of Coal/Biomass Using a High Temperature Heat Exchanger
Authors: Hack Nina , Unz Simon , Beckmann Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAufgrund der begrenzten Reichweite wird es zukünftig notwendig sein, Erdölprodukte durch stoffliche Kohle‐/Biomassenutzung zu ersetzen. Bisher sind stoffliche Nutzungsverfahren noch nicht wirtschaftlich umsetzbar. Hier wird daher ein neues Konzept zur Abwärmenutzung untersucht, um eine höhere energetische Effizienz und damit Wirtschaftlichkeit des Gesamtprozesses zu erreichen. Es beinhaltet eine indirekt beheizte Gasturbine mit nachgeschaltetem Abhitzedampferzeuger zur Bereitstellung des Vergasungsmittels. Die energetische Bilanzierung zeigt das thermodynamische Potenzial der Abwärmenutzung auf.
Laser Joining of Tight Ceramic‐Glass Composites for Use in Ceramic Heat Pipes
Authors: Börner Floriana‐Dana , Lippmann Wolfgang , Hurtado Antonio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDurch Bestrahlung eines Diodenlasers mit verschiedenen Wellenlängen können Keramik/Glas‐Verbindungen hergestellt werden, die dem dichten Verschließen keramischer Wärmerohre dienen. Hier werden die Vorgehensweise zur Optimierung des Fügeverfahrens sowie die Auswahl und Charakterisierung geeigneter Glaslote aus den Werkstoffsystemen Y2O3‐Al2O3‐SiO2 und MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 beschrieben und diskutiert. Ausgehend vom Einsatz der Wärmerohre zur Energierückgewinnung nach einem Vergasungsprozess werden erste Ergebnisse zur Auslagerung der Verbunde unter dem daraus resultierenden Rohgas präsentiert.
Comprehensive dynamic modelling and CFD simulation of heat and mass transfer in wetted wall absorption reactors
Authors: Hashemi Aref , Memardoost Saber , Asadi Sima , Molaei Dehkordi Asghar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to analyze transport phenomena in wetted wall absorption reactors. In this regard, a wetted wall reactor was modelled considering the entrance regions of momentum, heat and mass transfer, compressibility of the gas phase as a function of gas temperature, pressure, and composition, and also non‐Newtonian behaviour of the liquid phase. In the developed model, a gas mixture of two components, A and B, was considered as the gas phase (A as the diffusing component), while a binary liquid mixture of components C and D was taken as the liquid phase (C as the reactant component). CFD methods were applied to solve nonlinear governing equations simultaneously and the simulation results were validated against experimental data reported in the literature and excellent agreement was found. Moreover, distributions of velocity, temperature, and species concentrations of both phases were obtained and the effects of various operating conditions and physicochemical properties on these distributions were carefully studied. Furthermore, the open‐loop response of the reactor to some typical step and pulse inputs was examined. Moreover, the closed‐loop response of the reactor was also examined; in this regard, a PI controller was designed to control the reactor's output properly.
A Numerical Study of the Effects on Acoustic Propagation Caused by Dissipation in the Atmosphere
Authors: Yang SONG , Zheng‐Yu ZHAO , Yuan‐Nong ZHANG 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBy using a finite‐difference time‐domain method combining the dispersion relation preserving scheme in space and a Runge‐Kutta scheme in time, the effect of dissipation on acoustic propagation is studied. It is shown that both trajectory and transmission loss of the wave packet are changed by the inhomogeneity of dissipation. Due to the inhomogeneous dissipation, the upper and lower part of the wave packet is attenuated at different levels, so that the energy center of the packet is shifted to the area where the dissipation is weaker, and the wave trajectory is refracted. As for the transmission loss, compared to the zero absorption case, the geometric spreading loss is reduced, and the atmospheric absorption is smaller than the constant absorption case. The dissipation makes acoustic propagation become dispersive because the attenuation coefficient is proportional to the square of frequency. The deflection of acoustic waves caused by the inhomogeneous dissipation is enhanced with increasing frequency.
The Effect on the Nucleation and Failure of MS7.0 Lushan Earthquake Induced by the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Chao‐Di XIE , Xing‐Lin LEI , Xiao‐Ping WU , Xiong‐Lin HU , Xiao‐Yan ZHAO , Rong‐Huan ZHU 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBased on calculations of both the post‐seismic Coulomb failure stress change and coseismic dynamic Coulomb failure stress change caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, we simulate the their effects on the time of the nucleation and failure of the 2013 Lushan earthquake fault. Our calculation uses the rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law and viscoelastic relaxation in the middle‐lower crust and upper mantle. Furthermore, the triggering relationship between the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes is studied. The results show that the peak value of dynamic stress change on the Lushan earthquake fault induced by Wenchuan event is 0.127 MPa. With the 5‐year accumulation of the viscoelastic relaxation in the middle‐lower crust and upper mantle, the post‐seismic stress change on the Lushan earthquake fault is 0.025 MPa. The results indicate that the process of the nucleation and failure of the Lushan earthquake fault is affected by the post‐seismic Coulomb failure stress change, dynamic stress change and static stress change induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, and the effect of dynamic stress change is more obvious than others. Finally, we investigate the field of stress changes in the study area after the Lushan earthquake.
Activity of Core‐Modified 10–23 DNAzymes against HCV
Authors: Robaldo Laura , Berzal‐Herranz Alfredo , Montserrat Javier M. , Iribarren Adolfo M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe highly conserved untranslated regions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) play a fundamental role in viral translation and replication and are therefore attractive targets for drug development. A set of modified DNAzymes carrying (2′R)‐, (2′S)‐2′‐deoxy‐2′‐C‐methyl‐ and ‐2′‐O‐methylnucleosides at various positions of the catalytic core were assayed against the 5′‐internal ribosome entry site element (5′‐IRES) region of HCV. Intracellular stability studies showed that the highest stabilization effects were obtained when the DNAzymes′ cores were jointly modified with 2′‐C‐methyl‐ and 2′‐O‐methylnucleosides, yielding an increase by up to fivefold in the total DNAzyme accumulation within the cell milieu within 48 h of transfection. Different regions of the HCV IRES were explored with unmodified 10–23 DNAzymes for accessibility. A subset of these positions was tested for DNAzyme activity using an HCV IRES‐firefly luciferase translation‐dependent RNA (IRES‐FLuc) transcript, in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and in the Huh‐7 human hepatocarcinoma cell line. Inhibition of IRES‐dependent translation by up to 65 % was observed for DNAzymes targeting its 285 position, and it was also shown that the modified DNAzymes are as active as the unmodified one.
The impact of atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance and repeat fine‐needle aspiration: 5 years before and after implementation of the Bethesda System
Authors: Sullivan Peggy S. , Hirschowitz Sharon L. , Fung Po Chu , Apple Sophia K. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDLimited studies have examined the impact of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) and specifically the category of atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). We studied their effects on reporting rates, subsequent management, and surgical outcome over a 10‐year period, 5 years before and after implementation of the BSRTC.METHODSA retrospective review of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) reports from 2003 to 2012 was performed. Diagnoses made before BSRTC were reclassified into the most appropriate category. Repeat FNA results for all AUS/FLUS cases were recorded. Surgical follow‐up results were matched by side and size of the targeted nodule. Incidental microcarcinomas were not considered “malignant” on excision. Malignancy rates were calculated based on excision and by all aspirated specimens.RESULTSInitial AUS/FLUS cases increased from 3% to 7% (P = .001) with implementation of the BSRTC. The nondiagnostic rate decreased from 19% to 10% (P = .026). Differences in malignancy rates before and after implementation of the BSRTC were not significant for all diagnostic categories. More repeat FNAs and fewer surgical excisions were performed after an initial AUS/FLUS diagnosis. Repeat FNA reclassified 56% of AUS/FLUS cases into a definitive category. The malignancy risks for AUS/FLUS plus benign and AUS/FLUS plus AUS/FLUS repeat FNAs were elevated compared with single benign and AUS/FLUS diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSAUS/FLUS cases are increasing with the implementation of the BSRTC. Given the potential increase in repeat FNAs as a result, it may be important to alert the clinician regarding the elevated malignancy risk of a benign or AUS/FLUS diagnosis associated with a prior AUS/FLUS finding. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:866–872. © 2014 American Cancer Society.