bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escaping the lianoid habit: Evolution of shrub‐like growth forms in Aristolochia subgenus Isotrema (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: Wagner Sarah T. , Isnard Sandrine , Rowe Nick P. , Samain Marie‐Stéphanie , Neinhuis Christoph , Wanke Stefan 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the study: A large range of growth forms is a notable aspect of angiosperm diversity and arguably a key element of their success. However, few studies within a phylogenetic context have explored how anatomical, developmental, and biomechanical traits are linked with growth form evolution. Aristolochia (∼500 species) consists predominantly of climbers, but a handful of shrub‐like species are known from Aristolochia subgenus Isotrema (hereafter, shortened to Isotrema). We test hypotheses proposing that the establishment of functional traits linked to lianescence might limit the ability to evolve structurally diverse growth forms, particularly self‐supporting forms.• Methods: We focus on the origin of the shrub habit in Isotrema, from which we sampled representatives from climbing to self‐supporting forms. Morphological, anatomical, and biomechanical characters are optimized on a chloroplast‐ and nuclear‐derived phylogeny.• Key results: Character‐state reconstructions revealed that the climbing habit is plesiomorphic in Isotrema and shrub‐like forms are derived from climbers. However, shrubs do not constitute a monophyletic group. Both shrubs and climbers show large multiseriate rays, but differ in terms of vessel size and proportion of fibers and soft tissues.• Conclusion: We suggest that while shrub‐like species might have partly escaped from the constraints of life as lianas; their height size and stability are not typical of self‐supporting shrubs and trees. Shrubs retained lianoid stem characters that are known to promote flexibility such as ray parenchyma. The transitions to a shrub‐like form likely involved relatively simple, developmental changes that may be attributed to heterochronic processes.
Les déclencheurs de présupposition additifs
Authors: Amsili Pascal , Winterstein Grégoire 
Published: September 2012

Ce travail examine les propriétés des déclencheurs de présupposition additifs. On vérifie tout d’abord avec les tests classiques qu’il s’agit bien de déclencheurs de présupposition de plein droit. Puis, on met en lumière des propriétés plus originales : les contraintes pesant sur la présence d’un associé, la difficulté à accommoder complètement la présupposition, etc. On s’intéresse ensuite au « caractère obligatoire » de aussi (le fait que l’on préfère l’utiliser quand sa présupposition est satisfaite), et on montre alors la nécessité de prendre en compte le caractère discursif de aussi . Ce caractère est pris en compte dans la dernière partie, via la notion d’ argumentation : on propose finalement de traiter aussi comme un marqueur de similarité argumentative.
Le statut sémantique des incises et des incidentes du français
Authors: Beyssade Claire 
Published: September 2012

L’article porte sur le statut sémantique des propositions dites incises ou incidentes, i.e. des propositions insérées à l’intérieur d’une autre proposition, sans marque de coordination ni de subordination. Quel type d’information apportent-elles ? Quelle est leur contribution discursive ? On distinguera, d’une part, les insertions qui correspondent à un commentaire du locuteur (analysées ici comme des implicatures conventionnelles) et, d’autre part, les insertions qui indiquent qu’un discours ou une pensée est rapporté (analysées comme pleinement constitutive de ce qui est en discussion, et véhiculant en plus une présupposition). L’analyse détaillée de cette seconde classe conduit à préciser la différence entre deux modes de référence : la description et l’imitation.
Le financement sur projet : quelles conséquences sur le travail des chercheurs ?
Authors: Hubert Matthieu , Louvel Séverine 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Matthieu Hubert et Séverine Louvel expliquent combien « faire du contrat » devient une activité commune pour les chercheurs. En plus de redéfinir les modes de gestion et d’administration des laboratoires, celle-ci transforme le travail de recherche, les solidarités de métier et les hiérarchies professionnelles. Aussi, mettent-ils au jour, cette nouvelle injonction empêche en partie les scientifiques et les équipes d’élaborer et de poursuivre des stratégies de recherche au long cours.
La place des jeunes chercheurs : L'expérience du mouvement « Sauvons la recherche »
Authors: Cadiou Stéphane , Franquemagne Gaël 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Dans un contexte de dégradation des conditions de travail et d’emploi, les mobilisations collectives dans le monde de la recherche publique demeurent rares. À partir d’une observation prolongée au moment du lancement du mouvement « Sauvons la recherche » (SLR), Stéphane Cadiou et Gaël Franquemagne reviennent sur les dynamiques permettant de comprendre en quoi les différences de statuts pèsent dans l’engagement, y compris pour des individus pourtant dotés de ressources importantes : attentes et intérêts diffèrent entre statutaires et non-statutaires, ce qui n’est pas sans effet sur les positionnements durant les phases du conflit.
Peut-on souffrir au travail dans la recherche scientifique publique ?
Authors: Le Lay Stéphane 
Published: September 2012

Résumé La recherche scientifique est un travail, mais est-elle considérée comme un travail comme un autre ? Les catégories socioprofessionnelles de la recherche, jusqu’à présent relativement épargnées par les problèmes de pénibilité dans leurs activités, sont-elles en passe de subir la souffrance consécutive à la volonté d’amélioration des « performances » du service public ? Stéphane Le Lay propose, dans cet article, de répondre à ces questionnements en analysant les changements de condition de travail dans la recherche publique, aussi bien du point de vue des ingénieurs, techniciens et administratif que celui des chercheurs.
2001-2011 : Les dimensions de la révolte en Argentine à la lumière de l'expérience des mouvements de quartier et de travailleurs sans emploi
Authors: Solana Pablo 
Published: September 2012

Résumé La crise argentine de 2001 a été le terreau de nombreuses expérimentations politiques, qui ne se limitent pas aux mouvements piqueteros : «récupération» d’usines, assemblées populaires, expériences éducatives, etc. Ces expériences ont en commun le désir de dépasser l’aspect revendicatif. Elles se sont articulées (et, pour certaines, s’articulent encore) autour d’espaces, conçus comme horizontaux, d’expérimentations. En ce sens, elles rappellent que l’action militante ne se réduit pas au couple « revendication / confrontation », mais qu’elle intègre bien souvent la préfiguration - une approche que l’on retrouve aujourd’hui dans les mouvements indignés et Occupy, dont les développements récents ne sont pas sans rappeler les expériences qu’analyse ici Pablo Solana.
Un peuple en Palestine
Authors: Khoury Rafiq 
Published: September 2012

Resumé Cerné de toutes parts et à l'étroit, le peuple palestinien a-t-il encore un projet mobilisateur, en particulier pour les jeunes ? La sécurité des Israéliens doit passer par la justice -sociale, en particulier- rendue aux Palestiniens, afin qu’ils définissent ensuite les modes de leur vivre ensemble.
Expériences religieuses de jeunes
Authors: Grieu Étienne , Immaraïne Fouad 
Published: September 2012

Resumé L'expérience collective des jeunes, chrétiens ou musulmans, contribue souvent à leur socialisation : un rassemblement religieux fait pour les uns l’effet d’une «bonne nouvelle» et mieux connaître le Coran peut donner aux autres l’autonomie intellectuelle et spirituelle…
Cutting Edge: NADPH Oxidase Modulates MHC Class II Antigen Presentation by B Cells
Authors: Crotzer Victoria L. , Matute Juan D. , Arias Andrés A. , Zhao Heng , Quilliam Lawrence A. , Dinauer Mary C. , Blum Janice S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Phagocyte NADPH oxidase plays a key role in pathogen clearance via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Defects in oxidase function result in chronic granulomatous disease with hallmark recurrent microbial infections and inflammation. The oxidase’s role in the adaptive immune response is not well understood. Class II presentation of cytoplasmic and exogenous Ag to CD4+ T cells was impaired in human B cells with reduced oxidase p40phox subunit expression. Naturally arising mutations, which compromise p40phox function in a chronic granulomatous disease patient, also perturbed class II Ag presentation and intracellular ROS production. Reconstitution of patient B cells with a wild-type, but not a mutant, p40phox allele restored exogenous Ag presentation and intracellular ROS generation. Remarkably, class II presentation of epitopes from membrane Ag was robust in p40phox-deficient B cells. These studies reveal a role for NADPH oxidase and p40phox in skewing epitope selection and T cell recognition of self Ag.
Receptor Cross-Talk Spatially Restricts p-ERK during TLR4 Stimulation of Autoreactive B Cells
Authors: Lee Sang-Ryul , Rutan Jennifer A. , Monteith Andrew J. , Jones Shannon Z. , Kang Sun Ah , Krum Kristen N. , Kilmon Michelle A. , Roques Jose R. , Wagner Nikki J. , Clarke Stephen H. , Vilen Barbara J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
To maintain tolerance, autoreactive B cells must regulate signal transduction from the BCR and TLRs. We recently identified that dendritic cells and macrophages regulate autoreactive cells during TLR4 activation by releasing IL-6 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). These cytokines selectively repress Ab secretion from autoreactive, but not antigenically naive, B cells. How IL-6 and sCD40L repress autoantibody production is unknown. In this work, we show that IL-6 and sCD40L are required for low-affinity/avidity autoreactive B cells to maintain tolerance through a mechanism involving receptor cross-talk between the BCR, TLR4, and the IL-6R or CD40. We show that acute signaling through IL-6R or CD40 integrates with chronic BCR-mediated ERK activation to restrict p-ERK from the nucleus and represses TLR4-induced Blimp-1 and XBP-1 expression. Tolerance is disrupted in 2-12H/MRL/lpr mice where IL-6 and sCD40L fail to spatially restrict p-ERK and fail to repress TLR4-induced Ig secretion. In the case of CD40, acute signaling in B cells from 2-12H/MRL/lpr mice is intact, but the chronic activation of p-ERK emanating from the BCR is attenuated. Re-establishing chronically active ERK through retroviral expression of constitutively active MEK1 restores tolerance upon sCD40L, but not IL-6, stimulation, indicating that regulation by IL-6 requires another signaling effector. These data define the molecular basis for the regulation of low-affinity autoreactive B cells during TLR4 stimulation; they explain how autoreactive but not naive B cells are repressed by IL-6 and sCD40L; and they identify B cell defects in lupus-prone mice that lead to TLR4-induced autoantibody production.
Nonself-adjoint Semicrossed Products by Abelian Semigroups
Authors: Fuller Adam Hanley 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLet S be the semigroup S = Σ⊕ki∈1Si, where for each i∈ I, Siis a countable subsemigroup of the additive semigroup R+ containing 0. We consider representations of S as contractions {Ts}s∈S on a Hilbert space with the Nica-covariance property: T*sTt= TtT*swhenever t^s = 0. We show that all such representations have a unique minimal isometric Nica-covariant dilation.This result is used to help analyse the nonself-adjoint semicrossed product algebras formed from Nica-covariant representations of the action of S on an operator algebra A by completely contractive endomorphisms. We conclude by calculating the C*-envelope of the isometric nonself-adjoint semicrossed product algebra (in the sense of Kakariadis and Katsoulis).
Anatomy and Its Variations for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Sahini Daisy 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
There has been a major advancement in managing chronic sinusitis and other sinonasal diseases. There has been a remarkable change in the surgical approach to inflammatory pathology of paranasal sinuses since the time, Messerklinger introduced endoscopic sinus surgery. In this changing scenario of indications for endoscopic sinus surgeries, detailed knowledge of sinonasal anatomy is of paramount importance. It is of utmost importance to master the relevant anatomy and its variations before one embarks upon endoscopic sinus surgery. Various cadaveric and radiological studies have been done to know about the important landmarks and anatomical variations. With increasing horizon of sinus surgery, where more of optic nerve and anterior and middle cranial fossa lesions are being dealt with endoscopically; surgeon needs to be more familiar with various variations in the anatomy of the important structures as even a small mistake can be detrimental to the vision and life of the patient.

How to cite this article
Gupta AK, Bansal S, Sahini D. Anatomy and Its Variations for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(2):55-62.
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kameswaran Mohan , Chopra Hemant , Kanojia Sunita , Janakiram TN , Vaid Neelam , Soni Arvind , Mohindroo NK , Charaya Kshitij , Shah Nishit , Rai Davinder , Nayar Ravi , Rao C Madhu Sudana , Meghnadh KR , Patel Hetal Marfatia , Sood Sanjay , Pandhi SC , Mann SBS 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAllergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) has always remained a topic of discussion at all rhinology meets. Despite so much of literature available, the nature of this disease, its diagnosis, pathogenesis, classification and appropriate management continue to generate debate and controversy even after three decades of research and investigation. AFRS is an endemic disease in North and South India. In spite of this, there has been no optimal management protocol for this disease being followed in India yet. To overcome this, a national panel was conducted on AFRS at the ENT Surgical Update 2011, held at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh with experts from all over the country so that a consensus can be achieved regarding the workup and management of AFRS.How to cite this articleGupta AK, Shah N, Kameswaran M, Rai D, Janakiram TN, Chopra H, Nayar R, Soni A, Mohindroo NK, Rao CMS, Bansal S, Meghnadh KR, Vaid N, Patel HM, Sood S, Kanojia S, Charaya K, Pandhi SC, Mann SBS. Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(2): 72-86.
Influence of the Alveolar Cleft Type on Preoperative Estimation Using 3D CT Assessment for Alveolar Cleft
Authors: Choi Hang Suk , Choi Hyun Gon , Kim Soon Heum , Park Hyung Jun , Shin Dong Hyeok , Jo Dong In , Kim Cheol Keun , Uhm Ki Il 
Published: September 2012

Background The bone graft for the alveolar cleft has been accepted as one of the essential treatments for cleft lip patients. Precise preoperative measurement of the architecture and size of the bone defect in alveolar cleft has been considered helpful for increasing the success rate of bone grafting because those features may vary with the cleft type. Recently, some studies have reported on the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) assessment of alveolar bone defect; however, no study on the possible implication of the cleft type on the difference between the presumed and actual value has been conducted yet. We aimed to evaluate the clinical predictability of such measurement using 3D CT assessment according to the cleft type.
Methods The study consisted of 47 pediatric patients. The subjects were divided according to the cleft type. CT was performed before the graft operation and assessed using image analysis software. The statistical significance of the difference between the preoperative estimation and intraoperative measurement was analyzed.
Results The difference between the preoperative and intraoperative values were -0.1±0.3 cm3 (P=0.084). There was no significant intergroup difference, but the groups with a cleft palate showed a significant difference of -0.2±0.3 cm3 (P<0.05).
Conclusions Assessment of the alveolar cleft volume using 3D CT scan data and image analysis software can help in selecting the optimal graft procedure and extracting the correct volume of cancellous bone for grafting. Considering the cleft type, it would be helpful to extract an additional volume of 0.2 cm3 in the presence of a cleft palate.
Algorithm for Primary Full-thickness Skin Grafting in Pediatric Hand Burns
Authors: Park Yang Seo , Lee Jong Wook , Huh Gi Yeun , Koh Jang Hyu , Seo Dong Kook , Choi Jai Koo , Jang Young Chul 
Published: September 2012

Background Pediatric hand burns are a difficult problem because they lead to serious hand deformities with functional impairment due to rapid growth during childhood. Therefore, adequate management is required beginning in the acute stage. Our study aims to establish surgical guidelines for a primary full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) in pediatric hand burns, based on long-term observation periods and existing studies.
Methods From January 2000 to May 2011, 210 patients underwent primary FTSG. We retrospectively studied the clinical course and treatment outcomes based on the patients' medical records. The patients' demographics, age, sex, injury site of the fingers, presence of web space involvement, the incidence of postoperative late deformities, and the duration of revision were critically analyzed.
Results The mean age of the patients was 24.4 months (range, 8 to 94 months), consisting of 141 males and 69 females. The overall observation period was 6.9 years (range, 1 to 11 years) on average. At the time of the burn, 56 cases were to a single finger, 73 to two fingers, 45 to three fingers, and 22 to more than three. Among these cases, 70 were burns that included a web space (33.3%). During the observation, 25 cases underwent corrective operations with an average period of 40.6 months.
Conclusions In the volar area, primary full-thickness skin grafting can be a good indication for an isolated injured finger, excluding the web spaces, and injuries of less than three fingers including the web spaces. Also, in the dorsal area, full-thickness skin grafting can be a good indication. However, if the donor site is insufficient and the wound is large, split-thickness skin grafting can be considered.
Usefulness of Oncoplastic Volume Replacement Techniques after Breast Conserving Surgery in Small to Moderate-sized Breasts
Authors: Yang Jung Dug , Kim Min Chul , Lee Jeong Woo , Cho Young Kyoo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Park Ho Yong 
Published: September 2012

Background In Korean women, many of whom have small to moderate-sized breasts, it is difficult to cover a partial breast defect using oncoplastic volume displacement techniques after removal of an adequate volume of tissue during oncologic surgery. In such cases, oncoplastic volume replacement techniques are more useful.
Methods From January 2007 to December 2011, 104 women underwent a total of 107 breast-conserving surgeries with various kinds of oncoplastic volume replacement techniques. We used latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap for cases in which the resection mass was greater than 150 g. In case with a resection mass less than 150 g, we used regional flaps such as a lateral thoracodorsal flap, a thoracoepigastric flap, or perforator flaps such as an intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flap or a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap.
Results The mean age was 46.1 years, and the average follow-up interval was 10.3 months. The patients underwent oncoplastic volume replacement techniques with a lateral thoracodorsal flap (n=9), thoracoepigastric flap (n=7), ICAP flap (n=25), TDAP flap (n=12), and LD flap (n=54). There was one case of congestion in an LD flap, and two cases of fat necrosis in an ICAP flap. Most of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results.
Conclusions Oncoplastic volume replacement techniques can be reliable and useful for the correction of breast deformity after breast-conserving surgery, especially in patients with small to moderate-sized breasts.
Fluorinated (Co)Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Ameduri Bruno 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFluorinated polymers are usually synthesized by radical (co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes. These interesting materials have outstanding properties such as thermal stability, chemical inertness (to solvents, oils, water, acids, and bases), low refractive index, permittivity, dissipation factor and water absorptivity, as well as excellent weatherability, durability, and resistance to oxidation. Actually, two families of fluorinated polymers can be considered: (1) in first group, the fluorinated groups are located on the polymer backbone and their chemical inertness, thermal stability, low refractive index, and dielectric constant are exploreed, and (2) the second group contains a fluorinated dangling group that induces enhanced surface properties. Various strategies of synthesis via radical conventional or controlled copolymerizations are proposed; some of them are well‐architectured fluoropolymers (block, graft, alternated, and so on) just like their properties and applications ranging from energy‐related‐materials (fuel cell membranes, separators for lithium ion batteries, piezoelectric devices) to original fluorinated elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, surfactants, thermostable polymers, and optical devices.
The Mystery Man Can Help Reduce False Identification for Child Witnesses: Evidence from Video Line‐ups
Authors: Havard Catriona , Memon Amina 
Published: September 2012

SummaryIt is well established that children (as young as 5 years) can correctly identify a target from a target present (TP) line‐up as accurately as adults; however, when shown a target absent (TA) line‐up, children make more false identifications. In the present study, children aged 5–7 and 8–11 years viewed a film of a staged theft, then 1–2 days later were shown either a TP or TA video line‐up. Half of the witnesses viewed line‐ups that included a ‘mystery man’ (a black silhouette with a white question mark), which they could select if they did not recognise anyone from the line‐up. When the ‘mystery man’ was present in the line‐up, there were significantly fewer false identifications for the TA line‐ups. This study shows that including a silhouette in a video line‐up can help reduce false identifications for children as young as 5 years of age, without reducing correct identifications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Unified Project
Authors: Pope Albert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlbert Pope argues that a unified architectural and urban project is not possible without addressing the conceptual divide that exists between building and infrastructure. It is a split that was first set in motion by the breakdown of Modernism in the 1960s and was reaffirmed by the rise of Postmodernism. Since then, architectural form and urban infrastructure have not only remained disjointed, but have been overtly celebrated by the collages and juxtapositions of the contemporary and the historic in our cities.
Void Metabolism
Authors: Tsukamoto Yoshiharu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSince the Second World War, the urban fabric of Tokyo has been shaped by individual landownership and the proliferation of the detached house. For most Japanese architectural offices, domestic practice provides the mainstay of their work. This focus on the single private house, though, also limits the range of possibilities for urban interventions. Yoshiharu Tsukamoto of Atelier Bow‐Wow explains how through its development of ‘Void Metabolism’, the studio has been able to turn its focus on the residential into a positive, breaking down the barriers between private and shared space in the city.