bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language and the Literary Sphere
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFrom the second half of the nineteenth century to 1920, the linguistic economy of north India underwent a dramatic transformation, which was accompanied by significant changes in literary writing in Hindi language. The emergence of new discourses, genres, tastes, and literary figures could be made possible only through new institutional contexts. This chapter examines such changes and provides a historical background to the emergence of a community consciousness around language. Using the concept of ‘literary samskāra’ (acquired taste), it explains the stratification of tastes in the light of the different modes of literary apprenticeship and transmission. Besides, it explores the primary arenas in which Hindi literature came to be produced, transmitted, and consumed — the journals and the education system — as well as its publishing. Furthermore, the chapter discusses poetry-meetings and how they adapted to the changes in the Hindi literary system.
The Uses of History
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBy the early twentieth century, the framework and features of the nationalist discourse on history had been worked out in Hindi, with orientalist historiography playing a major role. The result was a history of India that evolved into a highly successful rhetoric for political mobilization and contributed to the formation of modern ‘Indian’ identity that was essentially the same as modern ‘Hindu’ identity. Literature and education played a crucial role in disseminating such historical discourse. Since history was meant to inspire a collective sense of pride (or shame), biographies, poems, and ‘historical stories’ were even more effective than actual historical studies. Some critical voices among women and lower castes sometimes used the dominant discourse of Indian history against the grain.
The Hindi Political Sphere
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn 1920, India witnessed the emergence of a new phase in the nationalist movement in which mass politics, counter symbols, popular participants, indigenous languages, and counter authority played an unprecedented role. This chapter examines the relationship between the Hindi literary sphere and the political sphere. Furthermore, it considers several angles, including ‘institutional’ spaces and activities, both in the context of constitutional domains and non-constitutional domains. Besides, it discusses who had access to political institutions and analyses the profiles of several Hindi political leaders in terms of political career, connections, cultural makeup, and social background. Moreover, the chapter looks at what happened when peasants turned from objects of nationalist discourse into subjects of political activity, a question that is relevant to the issue of openness and exclusion in the Hindi public sphere.
Getting up to Speed after 1991
Authors: Balakrishnan Pulapre 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines the economic growth in India after 1991. It begins with a brief statement on the nature of the economic reforms initiated in that year and after. It then sifts through the arguments of political scientists regarding the politics of these reforms. It argues that the guiding principle of the reforms of 1991 was to integrate the Indian economy with the rest of the world. The decisiveness of the move in this direction sets it apart from any of the other liberalization episodes starting from the mid-1960s. As far as its impact on growth is concerned, the success of this strategy depends upon the validity of its premise that growth in India is constrained by lack of interaction with the rest of the world, largely via trade and capital and technology transfer. The chapter evaluates evidence for an acceleration of growth after 1991 based on the econometric investigation in this study. It also studies the constraints on accelerating agricultural growth and the general state of educational preparedness for faster overall.
The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India
Authors: Pandey Gyanendra 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This book charts the history of the term communalism and the politics and attitudes it seeks to encapsulate. While attending closely to the social, economic, and political issues underlying Hindu and Muslim struggles, it investigates and meanings different participants in the sectarian politics of the period attached to these politics. It is a part of a larger exercise aimed at understanding the construction of Indian society and politics in recent times by challenging the conventional analysis of communalism and providing alternative theoretical cues to grasp its nature and dynamics. The book also explores how nationalism and communalism are constructed out of shared as well as contested experiences and out of common and mutually contradictory visions and struggles. It is a milestone in contemporary debates on nationalist policies and modern political communities. Given the worldwide resurgence of religious nationalism and communalism, this new edition reopens many of the questions signalled in the first edition and carries the discussion forward through an analysis of the uses of the term communalism in a postcolonial world, and seeks to historicize the debate on political violence and the targeting of the minorities in recent times.
The Colonial Construction of the Indian Past
Authors: Pandey Gyanendra 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter addresses the following question: How did colonialist observers ‘read’ the history of Hindu–Muslim strife that they dug up in the course of their attempts to come to grips with Indian society? It draws on the evidence relating to the ‘grave’ Banaras riots of 1809, which figure prominently in colonial diagnoses of the social and political condition of India in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It demonstrates that a methodical reordering of Indian history was in process as the colonial regime set out to systematize its knowledge and consolidate its power. The most striking feature of the colonial writings under discussion and also perhaps the least investigated — in part because it has passed without much change into nationalist writings and a good deal of recent historiography — is the reduction of Indian history to the history of the state.
The Bigoted Julaha
Authors: Pandey Gyanendra 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter examines the origins of one particular colonial caste-stereotype — the ‘ bigoted Julaha’ — which was frequently used in the analysis of sectarian strife in the Bhojpuri region. This stereotype decimated the weavers' history. It erased the differences in the self image and historical circumstances of different groups of Muslim weavers in north India. The economic, social and political dislocation of the colonial period, combined with other factors, and the renewed struggle for power and prestige led to the julaha acts of resistance and outbreaks of fighting over the symbols of Hinduism and Islam. The colonial stereotype passed into sociological records and into the hands of the modern historian.
Nationalism versus Communalism
Authors: Pandey Gyanendra 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter shows how from the 1920s, there arose a new contest between two different conceptions of nationalism — one that recognized the givenness of ‘pre-existing’ communities which were to form the basis of the new India, and another that challenged this view of history, past and present. Alongside these there developed yet another kind of nationalism/communalism that sought to establish a hierarchy of cultures among the cultures of India, and to assign to one or another a primary place in the future of the society. The contest between alternative views of nationalism and alternative readings of history was not settled in the 1920s or 1930s or 1940s, and it has not been settled conclusively to this day.
Inference of temporally varying Bayesian Networks
Authors: Thorne Thomas , Stumpf Michael P. H. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Motivation: When analysing gene expression time series data, an often overlooked but crucial aspect of the model is that the regulatory network structure may change over time. Although some approaches have addressed this problem previously in the literature, many are not well suited to the sequential nature of the data.
Results: Here, we present a method that allows us to infer regulatory network structures that may vary between time points, using a set of hidden states that describe the network structure at a given time point. To model the distribution of the hidden states, we have applied the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model, a non-parametric extension of the traditional Hidden Markov Model, which does not require us to fix the number of hidden states in advance. We apply our method to existing microarray expression data as well as demonstrating is efficacy on simulated test data.
Contact: thomas.thorne@imperial.ac.uk
Interactive exploration of RNA22 microRNA target predictions
Authors: Loher Phillipe , Rigoutsos Isidore 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Summary: MicroRNA (miRNA) target prediction is an important problem. Given an miRNA sequence the task is to determine the identity of the messenger RNAs targeted by it, the locations within them where the interactions happen and the specifics of the formed heteroduplexes. Here, we describe a web-based application, RNA22-GUI, which we have designed and implemented for the interactive exploration and in-context visualization of predictions by RNA22, one of the popular miRNA target prediction algorithms. Central to our design has been the requirement to provide informative and comprehensive visualization that is integrated with interactive search capabilities and permits one to selectively isolate and focus on relevant information that is distilled on-the-fly from a large repository of pre-compiled predictions. RNA22-GUI is currently available for Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Availability: http://cm.jefferson.edu/rna22v1.0/.
Contact: Isidore.Rigoutsos@jefferson.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NARROMI: a noise and redundancy reduction technique improves accuracy of gene regulatory network inference
Authors: Zhang Xiujun , Liu Keqin , Liu Zhi-Ping , Duval Béatrice , Richer Jean-Michel , Zhao Xing-Ming , Hao Jin-Kao , Chen Luonan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMotivation: Reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is of utmost interest to biologists and is vital for understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms within the cell. Despite various methods developed for reconstruction of GRNs from gene expression profiles, they are notorious for high false positive rate owing to the noise inherited in the data, especially for the dataset with a large number of genes but a small number of samples.Results: In this work, we present a novel method, namely NARROMI, to improve the accuracy of GRN inference by combining ordinary differential equation-based recursive optimization (RO) and information theory-based mutual information (MI). In the proposed algorithm, the noisy regulations with low pairwise correlations are first removed by using MI, and the redundant regulations from indirect regulators are further excluded by RO to improve the accuracy of inferred GRNs. In particular, the RO step can help to determine regulatory directions without prior knowledge of regulators. The results on benchmark datasets from Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods challenge and experimentally determined GRN of Escherichia coli show that NARROMI significantly outperforms other popular methods in terms of false positive rates and accuracy.Availability: All the source data and code are available at: http://csb.shu.edu.cn/narromi.htm.Contact: lnchen@sibs.ac.cn, hao@info.univ-angers.fr and zhaoxingming@gmail.com.Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Information literacy as a socially enacted practice
Authors: Lloyd Annemaree 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a “people‐in‐practice” perspective which brings together previous theorisations of information literacy landscapes and practice. This perspective provides the framework to analyse the complex practice of information literacy from a sociocultural perspective. This perspective represents a shift in focus towards information literacy as a socially enacted practice, and away from the information skills approach that has dominated information literacy research and education.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data that informs this work is drawn from a series of studies that have been conducted by the author in the workplace and in everyday settings since 2004. Findings from these studies have contributed to the development of the people‐in‐practice perspective that is presented in this article.FindingsDrawing from the author's empirical studies and from literature reporting socio‐cultural research into information literacy, a people‐in‐practice perspective is described.Originality/valueThe value of this paper lies in the attempt to marry together the author's previous work resulting in the introduction of a people‐in‐practice perspective. This perspective draws from socio‐cultural and practice theory.
Community information as boundary object: police responsibility for abuse survivors
Authors: Westbrook Lynn , Finn Jeanine 
Published: October 2012

PurposeWorking toward a symbolic interactionist understanding of information provision by multiple agencies responding to crisis situations, in this paper the authors aim to examine mandated information provision on the part of US law enforcement to survivors of intimate partner violence.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a detailed content analysis of 1,793 documents supplied by local law enforcement agencies from over 700 cities from all 50 US states. Documents were coded within a framework that identified 18 information elements corresponding to four emergent situations commonly found within the survivors’ small world, as well as codes to note level of responsibility expressed by law enforcement and affective tone.FindingsLaw enforcement expressed the greatest responsibility for those information elements related to their immediate purview – generally, how to engage with the police themselves in an initial crisis situation. However, information related to community social services, related to “later” survivor situations was included in the documents almost as frequently, but with less expressed direct responsibility.Originality/valueAgencies providing information to survivors of crisis situations are frequently working within an environment that is bounded by overlapping governmental and private actors who may have different norms, agendas, and priorities. Developing a symbolic interactionist model that allows for the co‐existence of these different approaches, and articulates their interaction, can help IS professionals support these actors who may be struggling with minimal preparation for information interactions.
Transparency in Malaysian property companies
Authors: Najib Razali Muhammad , Mohd Adnan Yasmin 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to investigate the current level of transparency based on the customised transparency matrix (TM) amongst the top listed property companies in Malaysia, based on capital market value. Furthermore, this paper discusses the concept of transparency from the perspective of Malaysian property markets.Design/methodology/approachData for this research were collected from the top 30 property companies in Malaysia through their annual reports and corporate websites. The indicator of transparency was developed based on various literature surveys and other research findings. Using the developed indicators, the study analysed the transparency attributes from TM of the top 30 listed property companies in Malaysia.FindingsIn terms of transparency levels and widely implemented transparency elements, the findings revealed that Malaysian property companies were within a “good level” range.Research limitationsThe research is based on a study of the top 30 listed property companies in Malaysia based on market capital values as at 30th June 2010.Originality/valueThis paper examines the transparency level of property companies in Malaysia based on each company's current annual report. The findings provide some insights and guidelines for the industry as well as academics on the transparency level particularly in Malaysian property business.
Housing wealth, stock wealth and consumption expenditure: a dynamic analysis for Hong Kong
Authors: Hui Eddie C.M. , Zheng Xian , Zuo Wen‐juan 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the long‐run relation and short‐run dynamic correlations between consumption expenditure and household wealth, namely housing wealth and stock wealth.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts aggregate time‐series data over the period of 1981Q1‐2010Q4 in Hong Kong. It employs the ARDL to cointegration procedure and the multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) model to investigate the long‐run elasticity and dynamic correlations between aggregate consumption expenditure and household wealth indicators.FindingsThe results suggest that both housing wealth and stock wealth have significant effects on consumption expenditure after controlling for the aggregate income level. The long‐run elasticity of consumption expenditure with respect to housing wealth and stock wealth are 0.3877 and 0.1424 respectively, while the marginal propensity to consume for housing wealth and for stock wealth are 0.2159 and 0.0266 respectively. The dynamic correlation analysis implies that the decrease in housing and stock wealth may further depress consumer behavior and economic condition during the post‐financial crisis period.Originality/valueThis paper provides useful information with regard to the long‐run and dynamic relations between consumption and different types of wealth components.
Drowning the poor in excessive wages: the problems of the minimum wage law
Authors: Schuldt Robert , Woodall Davis , Block Walter E. 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the minimum wage law is deleterious to the unskilled, to the young and to members of minority groups.Design/methodology/approachThe main method used in this paper is the logical application of basic supply and demand economic analysis.FindingsThe authors found that when a minimum wage of any given level is imposed, those with productivities below that level are at great risk of unemployment. For example, with a minimum wage of $10 per hour, those who can only produce at the rate of $1‐$7, $8, or $9 per hour are likely to become unemployed. Similarly, if the level is raised to, say, $100, then even people with productivity levels of $8 or $90 per hour will lose their jobs.Research limitations/implicationsMore effort should be made to ascertain who it is that gains from this law, if it is not the poor and unskilled. Attention should be focused on labor unions in this regard.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this research is that the minimum wage should be repealed.Social implicationsPresent public attitudes, however, overwhelmingly support this legislative enactment. But this is based on economic illiteracy. The public needs to be educated in basic economics.Originality/valueThis paper, if its implications are implemented, will have great value for all those who wish the unemployment rate to be radically reduced.
Theory appraisal in Islamic economic methodology: purposes and criteria
Authors: Furqani Hafas , Aslam Haneef Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to investigate the conceptual foundations of methodological inquiry in Islamic economics. The paper aims to develop criteria of acceptance and rejection of a theory and providing rationalizations and guidelines in the process of theory appraisal and evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on Islamic economics especially in the area of methodology of Islamic economics, both in English and Arabic, is reviewed critically and used in the attempt of constructing the criteria of theory appraisal in Islamic economics.FindingsThe paper explicates two criteria of theory appraisal in Islamic economics, namely the internal‐integrity (doctrinal integrity, logical integrity and factual integrity) and relational‐unity (of doctrine and practical realities, ideals/goals and factual experiences, values and facts, normative and positive dimensions, a priori and a posteriori).Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on conceptual explorations of literature in the area of methodology of Islamic economics. This is a conceptual paper, so it did not employ any empirical analysis.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper will give insights of the criteria to distinguish truth over false notions in theories, between valid theories and invalid ones as well as the acceptance or rejection of theory in Islamic economics theory appraisal. With those criteria of theory, a unified discipline of Islamic economics, which is based on doctrinal, logical on testable foundations in a real typical Muslim society can be produced.Originality/valueThe paper proposes criteria and purpose of theory appraisal in Islamic economics which is lacking in the discussion of methodology of Islamic economics literature. Those criteria and purpose in theory appraisal and evaluation in a methodological unity of Islamic economics suggest a new approach in dealing with revelation, intellectual reasoning and facts observation in order to produce a coherent Islamic economic theory.
Faith‐based advocacy as a tool for mitigating human trafficking in Nigeria
Authors: Raimi Lukman 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of faith‐based advocacy (FBA) as a tool for mitigating human trafficking in Nigeria, where trafficking has assumed epidemic dimension. The choice of faith‐based advocacy is based on the recognition of religion as a tool for shaping people's opinions and influencing policies in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed in the paper is the narrative‐textual case study (NTCS) combined with qualitative data. The NTCS method utilises human trafficking data made available by the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) for the periods 2004 to 2010.FindingsFrom the qualitative data sourced, the paper argues that human trafficking in Nigeria can be mitigated through faith‐based advocacy as exemplified many years back by both Muslim and Christian groups for the abolition of slavery, a similar phenomenon to human trafficking. The paper concludes that the performance of the Nigerian government in the areas of prosecuting traffickers, protecting victims, and preventing human trafficking has been commendable, but could be better enhanced and energized through the power of faith‐based advocacy.Originality/valueThis paper recommends that governments of Nigeria should partner with religious authorities to jointly mitigate the scourge of human trafficking in Nigeria.