bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Crystalline Nano‐optomechanical Actuator
Authors: Tsoi Stanislav , Zhou Jing , Spillmann Christopher , Naciri Jawad , Ikeda Tomiki , Ratna Banahalli 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of organic nanoparticles composed of a polymer network of azobenzene moieties and capable of reproducible, photoinduced mechanical actuation are reported. The molecules within the nanoparticles undergo co‐ordinated, reversible isomerization between cis‐ and trans‐conformations in response to ultraviolet and visible electromagnetic radiation, resulting in a reversible 20% height contraction of nanoparticles adsorbed on a substrate. The kinetics of the actuation response as a function of light intensity and duration are reported and closely match the molecular kinetics of azobenzene photoisomerization. The results support the proposed mechanism of co‐ordinated molecular conformational changes resulting in observable nanoscale actuation.
Mechanical Properties and UV Curing Behavior of Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide) in Phosphonium‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ziółkowski Bartosz , Ates Zeliha , Gallagher Simon , Byrne Robert , Heise Andreas , Fraser Kevin J , Diamond Dermot 
Published: January 2013

AbstractN‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) is photopolymerized in a range of phosphonium‐based ionic liquids (ILs). The curing behaviour of polymer‐IL solutions (linear pNIPAM) and ionogels (crosslinked pNIPAM) is studied using rheometry, DSC, and GPC. It is found that the IL influences the mechanical properties, the rate of polymerization, and the LCST of the resulting pNIPAM ionogels. Ionogels made in trihexyl‐tetradecyl phosphonium dicyanamide show an order of magnitude smaller ratio of loss/storage moduli compared to that of trihexyl‐tetradecyl phosphonium chloride, and a doubling of the UV polymerization rate. Temperature‐ramp rheology scans of the water‐swollen ionogels show that upon LCST transition the moduli of the polymer network exhibit anion dependent increases.magnified image
Statistical Conjugated Polymers Comprising Optoelectronically Distinct Units
Authors: Hollinger Jon , Sun J. , Gao D. , Karl D. , Seferos D. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPoly(3‐heptylselenophene)‐stat‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is synthesized and characterized in terms of its crystallinity and performance in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell. Despite the random distribution of units along the polymer main chain, the material is semi‐crystalline, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Thin‐film absorption suggests an increased compatibility than seen with 3‐hexylselenophene monomer. Optoelectronic properties are an average of the two homopolymers, and OPV performance is enhanced by a broadened absorption profile and a favorable morphology.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions to increase pap smear test screening
Authors: Guvenc Gulten , Akyuz Aygul , Yenen Mufit Cemal 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a three‐stage nursing intervention to increase Turkish women's participation in Pap smear testing. Knowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer screening and barriers to Pap smears also were explored. In a quasi‐experimental study in a target population of 2,500 women, 237 completed pre‐test measures to inform the intervention, and an educational brochure was distributed to all 2,500. As a result, 510 women (20.4%) accepted free Pap smears. Of the remaining 1,990 women, 417 were randomly selected for telephone interviews, 302 participated, and 158 of these (52.3%) participated in free Pap smear testing. Of the 144 who did not have Pap smears after participating in telephone interviews, 54 were then interviewed face‐to‐face, and 20 (37.0%) decided to accept free Pap smears. A total of 668 women had accepted free Pap smears by the end of the intervention period. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:146–157, 2013
Enteroviruses and the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes revisited: cross‐reactivity of enterovirus capsid protein (VP1) antibodies with human mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Hansson Sara F , Korsgren Stella , Pontén Fredrik , Korsgren Olle 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCurrent or recent enteroviral infections show an association with type 1 diabetes. However, evidence for this has mainly been generated using a particular mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 5‐D8/1) which binds the viral capsid protein VP1. Difficulty in confirming these findings using other independent methods has led to the concern that this might be artefactual. To address this, we examined the potential cross‐reactivity of clone 5‐D8/1 with normal islet proteins. Western blotting, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry were used to identify human islet proteins bound by the clone 5‐D8/1. We found a distinct reactivity with two mitochondrial proteins, creatine kinase B‐type and ATP synthase beta subunit. Immunohistochemistry using the clone 5‐D8/1 revealed a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern in mitochondria‐rich cells, ie hepatocytes, ductal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, skeletal muscle cells, and the neoplastic salivary gland oncocytoma cells, whereas connective tissue and infiltrating immune cells were negative. Staining on islets of Langerhans from subjects with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes, but not on isolated human islets infected in vitro with enteroviruses, could be blocked after mixing the clone 5‐D8/1 with the mitochondrial proteins. Collectively, our data show that the clone 5‐D8/1 detects two human mitochondrial enzymes in addition to enteroviral VP1. The notion that the previously reported VP1 positivity in islets of recent‐onset type 1 diabetes patients could reflect cross‐reactivity to native islet proteins and not the presence of EV is supported by difficulties in demonstrating EV infection by independent techniques such as PCR or in situ hybridization. These findings call for revisiting the presence of enteroviruses in pancreatic islets of patients with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial testing (stage 1) of temozolomide by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Keir Stephen T. , Maris John M. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Morton Christopher L. , Wu Jianrong , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe DNA methylating agent temozolomide was developed primarily for treatment of glioblastoma. However, preclinical data have suggested a broader application for treatment of childhood cancer. Temozolomide was tested against the PPTP solid tumor and ALL models.ProceduresTemozolomide was tested against the PPTP in vitro panel at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1,000 µM and was tested against the PPTP in vivo panels at doses from 22 to 100 mg/kg administered orally daily for 5 days, repeated at day 21.ResultsIn vitro temozolomide showed cytotoxicity with a median relative IC50 (rIC50) value of 380 µM against the PPTP cell lines (range 1 to > 1,000 µM). The three lines with rIC50 values lesser than 10 µM had low MGMT expression compared to the remaining cell lines. In vivo temozolomide demonstrated significant toxicity at 100 mg/kg, but induced tumor regressions in 15 of 23 evaluable solid tumor models (13 maintained CR [MCR], 2 CR) and 5 of 8 ALL models (3 MCR, 2 CR). There was a steep dose response curve, with lower activity at 66 mg/kg temozolomide and with tumor regressions at 22 and 44 mg/kg restricted to models with low MGMT expression.ConclusionsTemozolomide demonstrated high level antitumor activity against both solid tumor and leukemia models, but also elicited significant toxicity at the highest dose level. Lowering the dose of TMZ to more closely match clinical exposures markedly reduced the antitumor activity for many xenograft lines with responsiveness at lower doses closely related to low MGMT expression. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 783–790. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A family with Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome and four variants in two genes of the telomerase core complex
Authors: Vogiatzi Paraskevi , Perdigones Nieves , Mason Philip J. , Wilson David B. , Bessler Monica 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe describe an African American family with Hoyeraal–Hreidarrson syndrome (HHS) in which 2 TERT mutations (causing P530L and A880T amino acid changes) and two in the DKC1 variants (G486R and A487A) were segregating. Both genes are associated with dyskeratosis congenita and HHS. It was important to determine the importance of these mutations in disease pathogenesis to counsel family members. From genetic analysis of family members, telomere length and X‐inactivation studies we concluded that compound heterozygosity for the TERT mutations was the major cause of HHS and the DKC1 G486R variant is a rare African variant unlikely to cause disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E4–E6. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A phase I study of oxaliplatin and doxorubicin in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory extracranial non‐hematopoietic solid tumors
Authors: Mascarenhas Leo , Malogolowkin Marcio , Armenian Saro H. , Sposto Richard , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of a platinum agent and anthracycline has shown activity in pediatric solid tumors. This trial evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) of oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin in pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors.MethodsOxaliplatin was administered on day 1 and Doxorubicin on days 1–3 of each 21 day course. The study utilized a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Three dose levels were evaluated: (1) oxaliplatin 105 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 20 mg/m2; (2) oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 20 mg/m2; and (3) oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 25 mg/m2. Dexrazoxane was administered at 10 times the doxorubicin dose prior to doxorubicin infusion.ResultsSeventeen patients were enrolled. Dose level 1 was the determined MTD. Grade 2 cardiac DLT was seen in one of six patients on dose level 1, grade 4 thrombocytopenia in two of five patients on dose level 2, and one each of grade 2 cardiac and grade 4 thrombocytopenia in five patients on dose level 3. Cardiac DLT was only noted in patients with prior exposure to both anthracycline and chest radiation. No grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity or mucositis was seen. Objective responses were noted in two patients with neuroblastoma and one each of mixed germ cell tumor, thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.ConclusionsOxaliplatin 105 mg/m2 on day 1 combined with doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 days 1–3 was the MTD. This combination shows sufficient activity to justify further studies in select pediatric tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1103–1107. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dosing, efficacy, and safety of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in pediatric versus adult patients: The experience of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) Registry (2004–2008)
Authors: Neufeld Ellis J. , Saxena Kapil , Kessler Craig M. , Cooper David L. ,   on behalf of the HTRS Investigators
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe longitudinal registry of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) provided data on treatment of bleeding episodes for pediatric and adult patients with congenital hemophilia complicated by inhibitors to factor VIII or IX.ProcedureData from 2,041 recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa)‐treated episodes were recorded in the HTRS Registry between January 2004 and November 2008 and included in this retrospective analysis. The authors compared dosing, efficacy, and safety in 1,712 episodes in 284 children (age ≤18 years) and 329 episodes in 145 adults (>18 years).ResultsPatients were predominantly non‐Hispanic white (52% of children, 68% of adults) with hemophilia A (91%). The majority of bleeds were spontaneous (55% pediatric, 69% adult) and occurred in the joint (55% pediatric, 65% adult). rFVIIa was used first line in most episodes (90% pediatric, 93% adult); 27% of episodes in both age groups were treated with a single dose. Children and adults received comparable median number of doses (three) and duration of therapy (1 day); adults had lower median [range] initial doses (90 [46–400] µg/kg vs. 120 [37–400] µg/kg) and median [range] total doses (270 [46–21,392] µg/kg vs. 480 [50–43,200] µg/kg) than children. Effectiveness was comparable between the groups. No thromboembolic complications were reported.ConclusionsDosing of rFVIIa was somewhat higher in pediatric than adult patients in the HTRS registry population, with similar effectiveness. Safety assessment, demonstrating lack of thromboembolic events associated with treatment of bleeding episodes, was similar between the children and adults in this retrospective registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1178–1183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic value of ERG oncoprotein in prostate cancer recurrence and cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Spencer E. Sophie , Johnston Richard B. , Gordon Ryan R. , Lucas Jared M. , Ussakli Cigdem Himmetoglu , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Srivastava Shiv , Nelson Peter S. , Porter Christopher R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDETS‐related gene (ERG) protein is present in 40–70% of prostate cancer and is correlated with TMPRSS2‐ERG gene rearrangements. This study evaluated ERG expression at radical prostatectomy to determine whether it was predictive of earlier relapse or prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM).METHODSOne hundred patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Virginia Mason in Seattle between 1991 and 1997 were identified. Recurrence was confirmed by tissue diagnosis or radiographic signs. PCSM was confirmed by death certificates. Thirty‐three patients with metastases or PCSM were matched to patients without recurrence at a 1:2 ratio. Paraffin embedded tissue was stained with two anti‐ERG monoclonal antibodies, EPR3864 and 9FY. Nuclear expression intensity was evaluated as present/absent, on a 4‐point relative intensity scale, and as a composite score (0–300).RESULTSMean follow‐up was 10.26 years. The two antibodies were highly correlated (P < 0.0001). Patients with higher ERG expression intensity and composite scores were significantly more likely to develop biochemical relapse, metastases, and PCSM. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis for the composite score of ERG expression revealed a significant association between higher ERG expression (EPR3864) and shorter PCa‐specific survival (P = 0.047).CONCLUSIONSWhile the presence of ERG expression at the time of surgery was not predictive of earlier relapse or PCSM, the relative intensity and composite score for ERG expression was prognostic for the development of biochemical relapse, metastases, and PCSM. Quantitative ERG scoring may be useful to identify patients who would benefit from adjuvant treatment or closer follow‐up, allowing more accurate individual patient treatment plans. Prostate 73: 905–912, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermotherapy using magnetic cationic liposomes powerfully suppresses prostate cancer bone metastasis in a novel rat model
Authors: Kobayashi Daichi , Kawai Noriyasu , Sato Shinya , Naiki Taku , Yamada Kenji , Yasui Takahiro , Tozawa Keiichi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Takahashi Satoru , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBone metastasis is a serious problem for individuals with prostate cancer, and the effects of the anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) are insufficient. We therefore examined the therapeutic potential of magnetic cationic liposomes (MCL) in a novel rat model that allows the evaluation of tumor immunity. The effects of MCL thermotherapy were compared with those of DTX as a conventional therapy for the treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer.METHODSProstate tumor tissues were transplanted into the femurs of model rats divided into four groups: control, MCL, DTX, and MCL + DTX. Tumors were injected with MCL, and alternating magnetic field (AMF) irradiation was performed three times a week. Tumor proliferation and bone destruction were evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity, computed tomography, and CD68‐positive cell number, while tumor immunity was evaluated by heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression and CD8‐positive lymphocyte number.RESULTSWe successfully established a novel femur metastasis model of prostate cancer, and demonstrated that tumor proliferation and bone destruction in the MCL and MCL + DTX groups were significantly suppressed compared with control and DTX groups. MCL thermotherapy concurrently induced necrosis and apoptosis. The expression of HSP70 in the MCL and MCL + DTX groups was also significantly increased, and tumor immunity was enhanced through the induction of CD8‐positive lymphocytes.CONCLUSIONMCL thermotherapy was clearly more effective than DTX in treating bone metastatic prostate cancer. A combination of MCL thermotherapy and DTX therefore deserves consideration as a novel treatment for this disease. Prostate 73: 913–922, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pyrolysis of dimethylhydrazine for the MOVPE growth of GaN and InN monitored by in‐situ quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Thieu Quang Tu , Inamoto Takuro , Kuboya Shigeyuki , Onabe Kentaro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe pyrolysis of dimethylhydrazine (DMHy) which is used as an alternative for ammonia in the MOVPE growth of nitrides has been investigated in a horizontal LP‐MOVPE reactor using quadrupole mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition rate is investigated with regard to the dependence on reactor pressure, gas flow rate and sampling position over the susceptor. The temperature for 50% decomposition is 400‐600 °C, which increases with lowering the pressure irrespective of the carrier gases. The results imply a strong dependence of pyrolysis rate on the pressure, namely higher pressures induce more efficient decomposition of DMHy (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A critical revision of the estimation of the latent heat flux from two‐wavelength scintillometry
Authors: Ward H. C. , Evans J. G. , Hartogensis O. K. , Moene A. F. , De Bruin H. A. R. , Grimmond C. S. B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSimultaneous scintillometer measurements at multiple wavelengths (pairing visible or infrared with millimetre or radio waves) have the potential to provide estimates of path‐averaged surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat. Traditionally, the equations to deduce fluxes from measurements of the refractive index structure parameter at the two wavelengths have been formulated in terms of absolute humidity. Here, it is shown that formulation in terms of specific humidity has several advantages. Specific humidity satisfies the requirement for a conserved variable in similarity theory and inherently accounts for density effects misapportioned through the use of absolute humidity. The validity and interpretation of both formulations are assessed and the analogy with open‐path infrared gas analyser density corrections is discussed. Original derivations using absolute humidity to represent the influence of water vapour are shown to misrepresent the latent heat flux. The errors in the flux, which depend on the Bowen ratio (larger for drier conditions), may be of the order of 10%. The sensible heat flux is shown to remain unchanged. It is also verified that use of a single scintillometer at optical wavelengths is essentially unaffected by these new formulations. Where it may not be possible to reprocess two‐wavelength results, a density correction to the latent heat flux is proposed for scintillometry, which can be applied retrospectively to reduce the error.
Surface pressure information retrieved from GPS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Healy S. B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNumerical weather prediction (NWP) experiments have been performed to investigate the impact of surface pressure information retrieved from Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) measurements. The GPSRO measurements are able to reduce the impact of removing all conventional surface pressure observations from the NWP system. The GPSRO measurements can constrain global mean surface pressure errors in analyses and short‐range forecasts to the −1 to −1.5 hPa level over a 3‐month period, whereas they can be as large as −4 hPa when both GPSRO observations and conventional surface pressure measurements are removed from the NWP system. The large mean errors that arise when both GPSRO and conventional surface pressure measurements are removed are caused by an interaction between the assimilation of the conventional upper‐air measurements and the bias correction of radiances with the variational bias correction system (VARBC). In the absence of GPSRO, the VARBC amplifies and spreads errors that are introduced by the conventional upper‐air data. However, the GPSRO measurements cannot fully compensate for the loss of the conventional data, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. It is also shown that the surface pressure results obtained when GPSRO are assimilated are sensitive to biases introduced by other observations, such as aircraft temperature measurements, because these biases can be aliased into surface pressure increments. Experiments designed to compare the amount of information provided by other parts of the global observing system highlight the complementary nature of GPSRO and scatterometer wind retrievals, and show that reasonable surface pressure analyses, with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 hPa, can now be obtained by assimilating just satellite data, without using any conventional data to ‘anchor’ the NWP system. However, the full observing system, including both satellite and conventional observations, remains superior to assimilating just satellite observations.
Verification of precipitable water vapour in high‐resolution WRF simulations over a mountainous archipelago
Authors: González A. , Expósito F. J. , Pérez J. C. , Díaz J. P. , Taima D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this work, precipitable water vapour (PWV), its diurnal variability and water vapour vertical profiles have been obtained from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. The PWV simulated values have been validated using observations from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for three locations in an orographically complex region, the Canary Islands archipelago, while the vertical water vapour profiles have been compared with radiosonde data available for this region. Initial and boundary conditions for simulations are given by National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global models: FNL (Global Final Analysis) and GFS (Global Forecast System). Several parametrizations and assumptions, related to cloud microphysics, boundary‐layer and land surface models, number of vertical levels, moisture transport and 3D nudging techniques, have been applied to evaluate the sensitivity of the WRF results. In general, a good agreement between WRF and GNSS data was obtained, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.95 and centred root mean square differences about 2 mm. Furthermore, for PWV and water vapour vertical distribution, no appreciable differences were observed between the different experiments carried out, since the main contribution to water vapour in a region with small land coverage comes from the large‐scale processes, which are reasonably represented when analysis data are used as the forcing boundary conditions of the model. The ability of the WRF simulations to reproduce the PWV diurnal cycle was also verified. Additionally, the skills of the WRF simulations to determine PWV were evaluated for different nudging strategies when 48 h forecast simulations were performed; these showed insignificant differences.