bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformed wing virus genotypes A and B do not elicit immunologically different responses in naïve honey bee hosts
Authors: Norton Amanda M. , Buchmann Gabriele , Ashe Alyson , Watson Owen T. , Beekman Madeleine , Remnant Emily J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIflavirus aladeformis (Picornavirales: Iflaviridae), commonly known as deformed wing virus(DWV), in association with Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is a leading factor associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) deaths. The virus and mite have a near global distribution, making it difficult to separate the effect of one from the other. The prevalence of two main DWV genotypes (DWV‐A and DWV‐B) has changed over time, leading to the possibility that the two strains elicit a different immune response by the host. Here, we use a honey bee population naïve to both the mite and the virus to investigate if honey bees show a different immunological response to DWV genotypes. We examined the expression of 19 immune genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and analysed small RNA after experimental injection with DWV‐A and DWV‐B. We found no evidence that DWV‐A and DWV‐B elicit different immune responses in honey bees. RNA interference genes were up‐regulated during DWV infection, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses were proportional to viral loads yet did not inhibit DWV accumulation. The siRNA response towards DWV was weaker than the response to another honey bee pathogen, Triatovirus nigereginacellulae (Picornavirales: Dicistroviridae; black queen cell virus), suggesting that DWV is comparatively better at evading host antiviral defences. There was no evidence for the production of virus‐derived Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in response to DWV. In contrast to previous studies, and in the absence of V. destructor, we found no evidence that DWV has an immunosuppressive effect. Overall, our results advance our understanding of the immunological effect that DWV in isolation elicits in honey bees.
It's not great, but it could be worse! Immigrant job quality in Canada through the lens of relative deprivation theory
Authors: Lamb Danielle , Banerjee Rupa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe explore whether immigrants are over(under)represented in poor‐quality employment. We find that, on subjective dimensions, immigrants actually have equal and sometimes superior quality jobs relative to native‐born workers. Immigrant workers perceive higher levels of managerial support and greater ability to complete work during scheduled time. However, on more objective dimensions, immigrants' jobs are poorer than those of their Canadian‐born counterparts, specifically in terms of less access to collective agreement coverage, training, various extended benefits, as well as lower wages and higher incidence of self‐employment. We attempt to reconcile the differences in perceptions of job quality vs. objective outcomes by drawing on relative deprivation theory.
Flight emotions unleashed: Navigating training phases and difficulty levels in simulated flying
Authors: Ruiz‐Segura Alejandra , Law Andrew , Jennings Sion , Bourgon Alain , Churchill Ethan , Lajoie Susanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFlying accuracy is influenced by pilots' affective reactions to task demands. A better understanding of task‐related emotions and flying performance is needed to enhance pilot training.ObjectiveUnderstand pilot trainees' performance and emotional dynamics (intensity, frequency and variability) based on training phase and difficulty level in a flight simulator.MethodsTwenty‐three volunteers performed basic flight manoeuvres. Trials were divided into three phases: Introduction (trials 1–7), session A (trials 8–15) and session B (trials 16–22). Three task difficulty levels were implemented (low, medium and high). Flying performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and expert ratings. Emotional intensity was inferred from physiological (electrodermal activity) and behavioural (facial expressions) emotional responses. Emotional variability was calculated to understand fluctuations among multiple emotions. Emotional responses were mapped into task‐relevant emotions, like sadness with boredom, and fear with anxiety.Results and ConclusionsThe most frequent facial expressions neutral, anger and surprise. Neutral and anger were interpreted as deep focus states. Surprise was likely a response to unexpected events. Flying performance and emotional dynamics varied across training phases and difficulty levels. During introduction, performance was less accurate, and emotions were less frequent. During session A, performance improved while participants experienced more physiological arousal and emotional variability. During session B, performance was the most accurate. In high‐difficulty tasks, performance was the least accurate, participants expressed emotions with more frequency, more variability and higher physiological arousal. Future studies can use simulated flying tasks for trainees to familiarize with their emotional reactions to task demands expecting to improve training outcomes.
A Daoist Critique of Effort in Pierre Hadot's Philosophy
Authors: Harte Ryan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a critique of Pierre Hadot's idea of philosophy as a way of life with reference to ancient China, particularly the Zhuangzi. The prevailing scholarly emphasis in philosophy as a way of life falls too heavily on individual will and effortful exertion—thus Hadot's description of what he calls “spiritual exercises.” I argue for counterbalancing the focus on effortful self‐cultivation with attention to the role of passivity, receptiveness, and chance in the good life—collectively termed “grace.” After a discussion of the overemphasis on effort in self‐cultivation, I turn to the Zhuangzi as an illustrative source of the importance of grace.
Binucleate Rhizoctonia on potato: Geographic distribution, identification, taxonomy, genomics, host range and disease management
Authors: Muzhinji Norman , Lekota Moleboheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnastomosis groups belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia are phytopathogenic fungi that affect many agricultural crops and are well distributed globally. Among these, Rhizoctonia solani is the dominant, aggressive, widely distributed and the most extensively studied species within the Rhizoctonia genus because of its dominance as a plant pathogen. However, limited attention has been given to other Rhizoctonia species as they were believed to have little or no role in causing diseases on potatoes. Recently, accumulating information indicated that binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR), previously considered to be saprophytic, mycorrhizal and even biocontrol agent, is phytopathogenic on many agricultural crops including potato. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive review on BNR. However, there is an intense need to understand its taxonomy, biology, detection, genomics and management, not only due to the growing increased survival and occurrence in various climatic conditions. The limited diagnostic methods, and genomic knowledge make understanding and managing of BNR species difficult. This review outlines the information available in peer‐reviewed literature regarding the BNR anastomosis groups associated with potato diseases, geographical distribution, detection methods, genomics, nomenclature and taxonomical evolution along with some possible management and control strategies.
Hepatitis C epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Italy: Impact of the DAA era and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tramonti Fantozzi Maria Paola , Ceccarelli Luca , Petri Davide , De Vita Erica , Agostini Antonello , Colombatto Piero , Stasi Cristina , Rossetti Barbara , Brunetto Maurizia , Surace Lidia , Salvati Antonio , Calì Alessia , Tacconi Danilo , Bianco Claudia , Redi David , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Panza Francesca , Luchi Sauro , Modica Sara , Moneta Sara , Iacopini Sarah , Nencioni Cesira , Chigiotti Silvia , Ottaviano Giulia , Zignego Anna Linda , Blanc Pierluigi , Pierotti Piera , Mariabelli Elisa , Berni Roberto , Silvestri Caterina , Tavoschi Lara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHCV infection poses a global health threat, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study examines HCV trends in a large Italian region from 2015 to 2022, considering demographic changes, evolving clinical profiles, treatment regimens and outcomes, including the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This multicentre retrospective study analysed demographics, clinical histories and risk factors in 6882 HCV patients. The study spanned before and after the direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) era, and the COVID‐19 period, focusing on treatment outcomes (SVR12, non‐SVR12 and patients lost to follow‐up). Statistical methods included ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal–Wallis test and chi‐square analysis, and were conducted adhering to the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) principle. The cohort, mainly Italian males (average age 58.88), showed Genotype 1 dominance (56.6%) and a high SVR12 rate (97.5%). The pandemic increased follow‐up losses, yet SVR12 rates remained stable, influenced by factors like age, gender, cirrhosis and comorbidities. Despite COVID‐19 challenges, the region sustained high SVR12 rates in HCV care, emphasising the importance of sustained efforts in HCV care. Continuous screening and targeted interventions in high‐risk populations are crucial for achieving WHO elimination targets. The study highlights the resilience of HCV care during the pandemic and provides insights for future public health strategies.
Lymphatic Capillarization in Different Fiber Types of Rat Skeletal Muscles With Growth and Age
Authors: Taketa Yoshikazu , Tamakoshi Keigo , Hotta Kazuki , Maki Shutaro , Taguchi Toru , Takahashi Hideaki 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo clarify the effect of growth and advancing age on lymphatic capillarization in rat skeletal muscles, we examined the histological and biochemical changes of lymphatic capillaries in different fiber types of skeletal muscles across juvenile, young, and middle‐aged generations.MethodsWe collected the tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Immunohistochemical staining using LYVE‐1 and CD31 markers was used for lymphatic and blood capillaries, respectively. Real‐time PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors.ResultsThe density of LYVE‐1‐positive lymphatic capillaries in the muscles peaked during the juvenile period and subsequently decreased with increasing age. In contrast to blood capillaries, fast‐twitch dominant muscles (i.e., TA and EDL) exhibited an age‐related decrease in lymphatic capillaries. Similar to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries were abundant in SOL, a slow‐twitch dominant muscle, which showed less susceptibility to age‐related lymphatic decline. The mRNA expression of lymphangiogenic factors was significantly upregulated in SOL and decreased in all muscles of middle‐aged rats.ConclusionsThe age‐related decrease of lymphatic capillaries in fast‐twitch muscles might be associated with age‐related muscle atrophy.
Characterization of idiopathic chronic diarrhea and associated intestinal inflammation and preliminary observations of effects of vagal nerve stimulation in a non‐human primate
Authors: Populin Luis C. , Rajala Abigail Z. , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Saha Sumona , Zeng Weifeng , Christian Bradley , McVea Andrew , Tay Emmy Xue , Mueller Ellie M. , Malone Margaret E. , Brust‐Mascher Ingrid , McMillan Alan B. , Ludwig Kip A. , Suminski Aaron J. , Reardon Colin , Furness John B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea is commonly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, microscopic colitis, and other gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Spontaneously occurring idiopathic chronic diarrhea is frequent in rhesus macaques, but has not been used as a model for the investigation of diarrhea or its treatment. We characterized this condition and present preliminary data demonstrating that left vagal nerve stimulation provides relief.MethodsStool consistency scores were followed for up to 12 years. Inflammation was assessed by plasma C‐reactive protein, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured by positron emission tomography (PET), multiplex T cell localization, endoscopy and histology. The vagus was stimulated for 9 weeks in conscious macaques, using fully implanted electrodes, under wireless control.Key ResultsMacaques exhibited recurrent periods of diarrhea for up to 12 years, and signs of inflammation: elevated plasma C‐reactive protein, increased bowel FDG uptake and increased mucosal T helper1 T‐cells. The colon and distal ileum were endoscopically normal, and histology revealed mild colonic inflammation. Application of vagal nerve stimulation to conscious macaques (10 Hz, 30 s every 3 h; 24 h a day for 9 weeks) significantly reduced severity of diarrhea and also reduced inflammation, as measured by FDG uptake and C‐reactive protein.Conclusions and InferencesThese macaques exhibit spontaneously occurring diarrhea with intestinal inflammation that can be reduced by VNS. The data demonstrate the utility of this naturally occurring primate model to study the physiology and treatments for chronic diarrhea and the neural control circuits influencing diarrhea and inflammation that are not accessible in human subjects.
Device programing and SMART pass algorithm activation in subcutaneous implantable defibrillator patients: Data from a remote monitoring database
Authors: Iacopino Saverio , Santobuono Ezio , Amellone Claudia , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Lavalle Carlo , La Greca Carmelo , Santini Luca , Bertini Matteo , Statuto Giovanni , Lovecchio Mariolina , Valsecchi Sergio , Tavoletta Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe programing of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICD) in clinical practice has been little studied, as the activation status of the SMART Pass filter, which was implemented to reduce inappropriate shocks.PurposeWe assessed device programing during follow‐up and the rate of detected arrhythmias in consecutive S‐ICD recipients.MethodsWe analyzed data from 670 S‐ICD patients followed on the remote network at 17 Italian centers for a median of 31 months (25th–75th percentile: 16–51). The enhanced SMART Pass version, introduced in October 2022, was expected to reduce the unintentional deactivation rate.ResultsAt the latest remote data transmission, the median conditional zone cut‐off was set to 210 bpm (25th–75th percentile: 200–220), the shock zone cutoff was 250 bpm (25th–75th percentile: 240–250), and the SMART Pass was enabled in 586 (87%) patients. During follow‐up, 194 automatic deactivation events were reported in 118 (18%) patients. Shocks were delivered in 129 (19%) patients, and untreated arrhythmias were recorded in 136 (20%) patients. The rate of shocks was lower when SMART Pass was enabled ‐0.12/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.10–0.14) versus 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.26) (p = .002), as it was the rate of untreated arrhythmias ‐0.12/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.11–0.14) versus 0.23 (95% CI: 0.18–0.30) (p = .001). The enhanced SMART Pass version was associated with a lower rate of deactivations ‐0.04/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.02–0.05) versus 0.14 (95% CI: 0.12–0.16) (p < .001), and with a reduction in treated and untreated arrhythmias (Incidence rate ratios: 0.40 (95% CI: 0.28–0.53) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.30–0.55), respectively (p < .001)).ConclusionsCenters tend to program devices to detect high ventricular rates for arrhythmia detection, to minimize inappropriate shock occurrences. SMART Pass activation is associated with lower rates of detected and treated arrhythmias. The enhanced SMART Pass version seems associated with a lower deactivation rate and with a further decrease in treated arrhythmias.
Assessing the effects of centroid assignment methods on measuring spatial accessibility
Authors: Kim Kyusik , Horner Mark W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn an abstract sense, researchers have assumed that a population‐based centroid better represents a given polygon than a purely geometric centroid (GC) because it accounts for the internal distribution of the local population. In specific application contexts, when measuring place‐based spatial accessibility, for example, using a GC might be misleading because this practice could overestimate travel costs in large polygons; however, this assumption has not been quantitatively tested. In this article, we examine the role of centroid definition types by comparing the accessibility values of three different centroid estimation approaches. The analysis indicated that, in comparison to population‐based centroids, the GC typically underestimated accessibility values, particularly in sparsely populated polygons, and accentuated spatial disparities. The findings suggest that researchers need to pay more cautious attention to the potential impact of centroid methods when measuring spatial accessibility.
Prevalence of non‐communicable diseases among household contacts of people with tuberculosis: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Hamada Yohhei , Quartagno Matteo , Malik Farihah , Ntshamane Keolebogile , Tisler Anna , Gaikwad Sanjay , Acuna‐Villaorduna Carlos , Bhavani Perumal Kannabiran , Alisjahbana Bachti , Ronacher Katharina , Apriani Lika , Becerra Mercedes , Chu Alexander L. , Creswell Jacob , Diaz Gustavo , Ferro Beatriz E. , Galea Jerome T. , Grandjean Louis , Grewal Harleen M. S. , Gupta Amita , Jones‐López Edward C. , Kleynhans Léanie , Lecca Leonid , MacPherson Peter , Murray Megan , Marín Diana , Restrepo Blanca I. , Shivakumar Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra , Shu Eileen , Sivakumaran Dhanasekaran , Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Webb Emily L. , Copas Andrew , Abubakar Ibrahim , Rangaka Molebogeng X. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of non‐communicable diseases among household contacts of people with tuberculosis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis. We searched Medline, Embase and the Global Index Medicus from inception to 16 May 2023. We included studies that assessed for at least one non‐communicable disease among household contacts of people with clinical tuberculosis. We estimated the non‐communicable disease prevalence through mixed effects logistic regression for studies providing individual participant data, and compared it with estimates from aggregated data meta‐analyses. Furthermore, we compared age and sex‐standardised non‐communicable disease prevalence with national‐level estimates standardised for age and sex.ResultsWe identified 39 eligible studies, of which 14 provided individual participant data (29,194 contacts). Of the remaining 25 studies, 18 studies reported aggregated data suitable for aggregated data meta‐analysis. In individual participant data analysis, the pooled prevalence of diabetes in studies that undertook biochemical testing was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%–14.9%, four studies). Age‐and sex‐standardised prevalence was higher in two studies (10.4% vs. 6.9% and 11.5% vs. 8.4%) than the corresponding national estimates and similar in two studies. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on self‐report or medical records was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6%–4.6%, 14 studies). Prevalence did not significantly differ compared to estimates from aggregated data meta‐analysis. There were limited data for other non‐communicable diseases.ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus among household contacts was high while that of known diabetes was substantially lower, suggesting the underdiagnosis. tuberculosis household contact investigation offers opportunities to deliver multifaceted interventions to identify tuberculosis infection and disease, screen for non‐communicable diseases and address shared risk factors.
Development of Immunoassay for Detection of Engineered Endolysin LysAm24-SMAP
Authors: Klimova A. A. , Grigoriev I. V. , Vasina D. V. , Anurova M. N. , Gushchin V. A. , Antonova N. P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years modified bacteriophage lysins have widely been investigated for the purposes of development of antibacterial therapy. Thus, effective and precise methods for the quantitative analysis of these enzymes are in high demand. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method has been developed for the detection of recombinant modified endolysin LysAm24-SMAP in biological samples. The optimal parameters for protein detection were determined, in particular, the influence of salt and the composition of the buffer system for preparation of the samples was studied. The applicability of the immunodetection system of the genetically engineered endolysin LysAm24-SMAP in various biological samples with enzyme concentrations from 0.4 ng/mL was demonstrated. In addition, the influence of matrix effects in samples of animal organs and tissue homogenates and producer strain lysates and their individual components during the analysis was assessed and it was shown that 0.65 M NaCl addition in the ELISA buffer is crucial for achieving correct results and reduces nonspecific interactions in the case of LysAm24-SMAP. The effectiveness of the developed system in the immunochemical control of the bacteriolytic enzyme was confirmed.
Gonorrhoea treatment guideline compliance and influence factors in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xiong Mingzhou , Zhao Peizhen , Wu Xingzhong , Huang Shujie , Yang Menglan , Wang Cheng , Zheng Heping 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe indiscriminate use of antibiotics has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) inNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG), emphasising the need to follow treatment guidelines. This study aimed to assess the rate of adherence to standard treatment among patients with gonorrhoea and identify influencing factors.MethodsA survey was conducted in Guangdong province, China, involving uncomplicated gonorrhoea cases registered in the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on demographic characteristics and medical information were collected to determine the standard treatment rate, defined as the proportion of patients receiving treatment according to national guidelines (ie, a single dose of ceftriaxone 250 mg, spectinomycin 2 g, cefotaxime 1 g or other third-generation cephalosporins). Medication choices were documented. χ² tests and multilevel logistic regression were used to analyse factors associated with standard treatment.ResultsThe survey included 2424 patients with gonorrhoea from 59 hospitals. The standard treatment rate was 30.7% (743/2424), with 36.2% for females and 29.6% for males. Common reasons for substandard treatment included the use of non-guideline medications (42.3%, 710/1681) and incorrect dosing (36.2%, 605/1681). Factors associated with the standard treatment rate included gender, address, educational level, department, physicians’ training, number of diagnosed gonorrhoea cases and hospital level.ConclusionThe standard treatment rate for gonorrhoea in Guangdong province, China, is below expectations. Comprehensive measures, such as establishing a goal-directed monitoring system and implementing promotional activities, are needed to improve adherence to treatment guidelines.