bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Labour Migration Channels: the Experience of Latvia from EU Accession to Economic Recession
Authors: McCollum David , Shubin Sergei , Apsite Elina , Krisjane Zaiga 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWith the onset of recession in the UK in 2008, it was assumed that immigration from other European Union countries would decline. However, this has been shown to not be the case, with the volume of new arrivals from most of the East‐Central European ‘Accession 8’ countries actually increasing. The focus of this paper is Latvia, a country that had a relatively buoyant economy following its accession to the European Union in 2004 but that now has one of the highest unemployment and emigration rates in Europe. Interviews carried out with labour providers, policymakers, and employers are used to examine the labour migration channels that reflect and structure labour migration flows from Latvia and how these have evolved in the period between accession and recession. The findings indicate that intermediaries such as labour providers, the state, and informal social networks exert considerable influence on the nature of labour migration flows and that the relative importance of these channels displays significant temporal and spatial variations. This research represents an original contribution to the literature on labour migration channels by focusing on movements from a low‐wage to higher‐wage economy in the context of the introduction of free movement of labour between Eastern and Western Europe and the later onset of severe global recession. These findings are of relevance to how labour market channels are theorised and suggest that analysts need to be sensitive to how the function served by intermediaries, and their influence on migration systems, evolves over time and across space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a trust management system for cloud computing marketplaces: using CAIQ as a trust information source
Authors: Habib Sheikh Mahbub , Ries Sebastian , Mühlhäuser Max , Varikkattu Prabhu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCloud computing enables information technology related services in a more dynamic and scalable way than before—more cost‐effective than before due to the economy of scale and of sharing resources. Usually, cloud providers describe their promised behaviour—regarding functional and non‐functional aspects of the service provision—by way of service level agreements (SLAs). For different providers offering similar functionality, SLAs are often insufficiently claimable and inconsistent with the aspects considered important by customers. Therefore, customers face problems identifying a trustworthy cloud provider solely on the basis of its SLA. To support customers in reliably identifying trustworthy cloud providers, we propose a multi‐faceted trust management system architecture for cloud computing marketplaces and related approaches. This system provides the means for identifying trustworthy cloud providers in terms of different attributes, for example, compliance, data governance and information security. In this article, we present the first realization of our proposed trust management system using the Consensus Assessment Initiative Questionnaire, initiated by the Cloud Security Alliance, as one of the sources of trust information. In particular, our proposed approach contributes to the challenge of extracting trust information from Consensus Assessment Initiative Questionnaires completed by cloud providers. Finally, our implemented system and related approaches are experimented using real datasets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene Nanomesh Promises Extremely Efficient In Vivo Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Akhavan Omid , Ghaderi Elham 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReduced graphene oxide nanomesh (rGONM), as one of the recent structures of graphene with a surprisingly strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption, is used for achieving ultraefficient photothermal therapy. First, by using TiO2 nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) are transformed into GONMs through photocatalytic degradation. Then rGONMs functionalized by polyethylene glycol (PEG), arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD)‐based peptide, and cyanine 7 (Cy7) are utilized for in vivo tumor targeting and fluorescence imaging of human glioblastoma U87MG tumors having ανβ3 integrin receptors, in mouse models. The rGONM‐PEG suspension (1 μg mL−1) exhibits about 4.2‐ and 22.4‐fold higher NIR absorption at 808 nm than rGONP‐PEG and graphene oxide (GO) with lateral dimensions of ≈60 nm and ≈2 μm. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrates high selective tumor uptake of rGONM‐PEG‐Cy7‐RGD in mice bearing U87MG cells. The excellent NIR absorbance and tumor targeting of rGONM‐PEG‐Cy7‐RGD results in an ultraefficient photothermal therapy (100% tumor elimination 48 h after intravenous injection of an ultralow concentration (10 μg mL−1) of rGONM‐PEG‐Cy7‐RGD followed by irradiation with an ultralow laser power (0.1 W cm−2) for 7 min), whereas the corresponding rGO‐ and rGONP‐based composites do not present remarkable treatments under the same conditions. All the mice treated by rGONM‐PEG‐Cy7‐RGD survived over 100 days, whereas the mice treated by other usual rGO‐based composites were dead before 38 days. The results introduce rGONM as one of the most promising nanomaterials in developing highly desired ultraefficient photothermal therapy.
Bright Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Ding Dan , Liu Jie , Feng Guangxue , Li Kai , Hu Yong , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA highly emissive far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) fluorescent conjugated polymer (CP), poly[(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐co‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole] (PFBTDBT10) is designed and synthesized via Suzuki polymerization. Formulation of PFBTDBT10 using 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)‐2000] (DSPE‐PEG2000) and DSPE‐PEG5000‐folate as the encapsulation matrix yielded CP‐loaded DSPE‐PEG‐folic acid nanoparticles (CPDP‐FA NPs) with bright FR/NIR fluorescence (27% quantum yield) and a large Stoke's shift of 233 nm in aqueous solution. CPDP‐FA NPs show improved thermal/photostabilities and larger Stoke's shifts as compared to commercially available quantum dots (Qdot 655) and organic dyes such as Alexa Fluor 555 and Rhodamine 6G. In vivo studies of CPDP‐FA NPs on a hepatoma H22 tumor‐bearing mouse model reveal that they could serve as an efficient FR/NIR fluorescent probe for targeted in vivo fluorescence imaging and cancer detection in a high contrast and specific manner. Together with the negligible in vivo toxicity, CPDP‐FA NPs are promising FR/NIR fluorescent probes for future in vivo applications.
Thermochronometrically constrained anatomy and evolution of a Miocene extensional accommodation zone and tilt domain boundary: The southern Wassuk Range, Nevada
Authors: Gorynski Kyle E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Douglas Walker J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractApatite (AHe) and Zircon (ZHe) (U‐Th)/He thermochronometric data from the southern Wassuk Range (WR) coupled with 40Ar/39Ar age data from the overlying tilted Tertiary section are used to constrain the thermal evolution of an extensional accommodation zone and tilt‐domain boundary. AHe and ZHe data record two episodes of rapid cooling related to the tectonic exhumation of the WR fault block beginning at ~15 and ~4 Ma. Extension was accommodated through fault‐block rotation and variably tilted the southern WR to the west from ~60°–70° in the central WR to ~15°–35° in the southernmost WR and Pine Grove Hills, and minimal tilting in the Anchorite Hills and along the Mina Deflection to the south. Middle Miocene geothermal gradient estimates record heating immediately prior to large‐magnitude extension that was likely coeval with the extrusion of the Lincoln Flat andesite at ~14.8 Ma. Geothermal gradients increase from ~19° ± 4°C/km to ≥ 65° ± 20°C/km toward the Mina Deflection, suggesting that it was the focus of Middle Miocene arc magmatism in the upper crust. The decreasing thickness of tilt blocks toward the south resulted from a shallowing brittle/ductile transition zone. Postmagmatic Middle Miocene extension and fault‐block advection were focused in the northern and central WR and coincidentally moderated the large lateral thermal gradient within the uppermost crust.
A kinematic model for the formation of the Siletz‐Crescent forearc terrane by capture of coherent fragments of the Farallon and Resurrection plates
Authors: McCrory Patricia A. , Wilson Douglas S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe volcanic basement of the Oregon and Washington Coast ranges has been proposed to represent a pair of tracks of the Yellowstone hotspot formed at a mid‐ocean ridge during the early Cenozoic. This interpretation has been questioned on many grounds, especially that the range of ages does not match the offshore spreading rates and that the presence of continental coarse clastic sediments is difficult to reconcile with fast convergence rates between the oceanic plates and North America. Updates to basement geochronology and plate motion history reveal that these objections are much less serious than when they were first raised. Forward plate kinematic modeling reveals that predicted basement ages can be consistent with the observed range of about 55–49 Ma, and that the entire basement terrane can form within about 300 km of continental sources for clastic sediments. This kinematic model indicates that there is no firm reason to reject the near‐ridge hotspot hypothesis on the basis of plate motions. A novel element of the model is the Resurrection plate, previously proposed to exist between the Farallon and Kula plates. By including the defunct Resurrection plate in our reconstruction, we are able to model the Farallon hotspot track as docking against the Oregon subduction margin starting about 53 Ma, followed by docking of the Resurrection track to the north starting about 48 Ma. Accretion of the Farallon plate fragment and partial subduction of the Resurrection fragment complicates the three‐dimensional structure of the modern Cascadia forearc. We interpret the so‐called “E” layer beneath Vancouver Island to be part of the Resurrection fragment. Our new kinematic model of mobile terranes within the Paleogene North American plate boundary allows reinterpretation of the three‐dimensional structure of the Cascadia forearc and its relationship to ongoing seismotectonic processes.
Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen: Bedeutung von Bewegungsmangel und sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Wessinghage Thomas , Morsch Arne 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen gehören in Deutschland zu den führenden Krankheitsbildern. Neben einer individuellen Krankheitslast verursachen sie hohe Belastungen für das Gesundheitssystem sowie hohe Fehlzeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Mit ausschlaggebend ist ein zunehmender Bewegungsmangel, der weltweit bereits 80% der Bevölkerung über 30 betrifft. Bei der Prävention von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen können Trainingsinterventionen in Fitness- und Gesundheitseinrichtungen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
Predicting the functional consequences of cancer-associated amino acid substitutions
Authors: Shihab Hashem A. , Gough Julian , Cooper David N. , Day Ian N. M. , Gaunt Tom R. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The number of missense mutations being identified in cancer genomes has greatly increased as a consequence of technological advances and the reduced cost of whole-genome/whole-exome sequencing methods. However, a high proportion of the amino acid substitutions detected in cancer genomes have little or no effect on tumour progression (passenger mutations). Therefore, accurate automated methods capable of discriminating between driver (cancer-promoting) and passenger mutations are becoming increasingly important. In our previous work, we developed the Functional Analysis through Hidden Markov Models (FATHMM) software and, using a model weighted for inherited disease mutations, observed improved performances over alternative computational prediction algorithms. Here, we describe an adaptation of our original algorithm that incorporates a cancer-specific model to potentiate the functional analysis of driver mutations.
Results: The performance of our algorithm was evaluated using two separate benchmarks. In our analysis, we observed improved performances when distinguishing between driver mutations and other germ line variants (both disease-causing and putatively neutral mutations). In addition, when discriminating between somatic driver and passenger mutations, we observed performances comparable with the leading computational prediction algorithms: SPF-Cancer and TransFIC.
Availability and implementation: A web-based implementation of our cancer-specific model, including a downloadable stand-alone package, is available at http://fathmm.biocompute.org.uk.
Contact: fathmm@biocompute.org.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Shimmer: detection of genetic alterations in tumors using next-generation sequence data
Authors: Hansen Nancy F. , Gartner Jared J. , Mei Lan , Samuels Yardena , Mullikin James C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMotivation: Extensive DNA sequencing of tumor and matched normal samples using exome and whole-genome sequencing technologies has enabled the discovery of recurrent genetic alterations in cancer cells, but variability in stromal contamination and subclonal heterogeneity still present a severe challenge to available detection algorithms.Results: Here, we describe publicly available software, Shimmer, which accurately detects somatic single-nucleotide variants using statistical hypothesis testing with multiple testing correction. This program produces somatic single-nucleotide variant predictions with significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy than other available software when run on highly contaminated or heterogeneous samples, and it gives comparable sensitivity and accuracy when run on samples of high purity.Availability: http://www.github.com/nhansen/ShimmerContact: nhansen@mail.nih.govSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural RNA alignment by multi-objective optimization
Authors: Schnattinger Thomas , Schöning Uwe , Kestler Hans A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The calculation of reliable alignments for structured RNA is still considered as an open problem. One approach is the incorporation of secondary structure information into the optimization criteria by using a weighted sum of sequence and structure components as an objective function. As it is not clear how to choose the weighting parameters, we use multi-objective optimization to calculate a set of Pareto-optimal RNA sequence-structure alignments. The solutions in this set then represent all possible trade-offs between the different objectives, independent of any previous weighting.
Results: We present a practical multi-objective dynamic programming algorithm, which is a new method for the calculation of the set of Pareto-optimal solutions to the pairwise RNA sequence-structure alignment problem. In selected examples, we show the usefulness of this approach, and its advantages over state-of-the-art single-objective algorithms.
Availability and implementation: The source code of our software (ISO C++11) is freely available at http://sysbio.uni-ulm.de/?Software and is licensed under the GNU GPLv3.
Contact: hans.kestler@uni-ulm.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect or not? Detecting the main foreground effect of most galaxy clusters
Authors: Xiao Weike , Chen Chen , Zhang Bin , Wu Yongfeng , Dai Mi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Galaxy clusters are the most massive objects in the Universe and comprise a high-temperature intracluster medium of about 107 K, believed to offer a main foreground effect for cosmic microwave background (CMB) data in the form of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. This assumption has been confirmed by SZ signal detection in hundreds of clusters but, in comparison with the huge numbers of clusters within optically selected samples from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data, this only accounts for a few per cent of clusters. Here we introduce a model-independent new method to confirm the assumption that most galaxy clusters can offer the thermal SZ signal as their main foreground effect. For the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) seven-year data (and a given galaxy cluster sample), we introduced a parameter d1 as the nearest-neighbour cluster angular distance of each pixel, then we classified data pixels as ‘to be’ (d1 → 0 case) or ‘not to be’ (d1 large enough) affected by the sample clusters. By comparing the statistical results of these two kinds of pixels, we can see how the sample clusters affect the CMB data directly. We find that the Planck Early Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (ESZ) sample and X-ray samples (∼102 clusters) can lead to obvious temperature depression in the WMAP seven-year data, which confirms the SZ effect prediction. However, each optically selected sample (&gt;104 clusters) shows an opposite result: the mean temperature rises to about 10 μK. This unexpected qualitative scenario implies that the main foreground effect of most clusters is not always the expected SZ effect. This may be the reason why the SZ signal detection result is lower than expected from the model.
Soft leadership: a new direction to leadership
Authors: Rao M.S. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a new leadership style – “soft leadership” – which is needed in a interconnected, global, and technocratic world.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a combination of research into a new leadership style with a question and answer session during an International Leadership Association (ILA) webinar.FindingsThe paper discovers how the soft leaders adopt tools such as influence, persuasion, negotiation, appreciation, motivation, and collaboration for the collective good. It explains how soft leadership is different from other leadership styles. It describes the significance of soft leadership and differentiates between soft and hard leadership through examples. It substantiates with Dave Ulrich's Leadership Code. It provides the questions posed by participants during the webinar organized by International Leadership Association (ILA) with answers. It calls upon readers to consider how leadership insights acquired from this manuscript may be applied individually and organizationally to make a difference in the lives of others.Originality/valueThe 11 C's that collectively constitute soft leadership is a unique concept. Globally renowned management guru, Dave Ulrich mapped 11 C's into a leadership code on the author's request which added value to this new concept. Participation of international leadership experts and their questions during the ILA webinar with the author's spontaneous answers further enriched this concept.
How definitions of talent suppress talent management
Authors: Ross Suzanne 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the limitations of popular approaches to defining talent, where definitions are focused on determining specific attributes that differentiate someone as talent. It is suggested that rather than focus solely on definitions of talent, considering talent and success as distinct and separate enables a more holistic approach to engaging talent and enabling its potential.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a definition of talent which remains a core premise by which organizations seek to define their talent and considers the inherent flaws in this premise. It draws on literature, early doctoral research and practitioner experience in international talent management to debate the merits for talent management practitioners of focusing on talent differentiation based on complex and ambiguous definitions of talent.FindingsAs definitions of talent are complex, ambiguous and incomplete, there can never be a “one size fits all”. Understanding this ambiguity enables organizations to identify possible flaws in their approach to defining talent. Considering the distinct and separate notions of talent and success empowers organizations to ask more relevant questions around how employees are encouraged to leverage the talents they do have into success.Originality/valueMost talent management processes are driven by the need to define and identify characteristics which indicate greater ability when compared to others. This is still the focus of much talent management literature. This paper encourages organizations to instead focus on how individuals can use the talents they have to be successful personally and in a way that is aligned to the organization.
The emergence of (post) academic courses in occupational safety and health: the example of Portugal
Authors: Arezes Pedro M. , Swuste Paul 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to present the results of a survey of post‐graduate and MSc courses on occupational safety and health and it is restricted to three Portuguese university courses of EQF level 7.Design/methodology/approachCourse coordinators were interviewed, in half structured sessions, addressing four main topics: the course structure, certification, quality system and changes implemented, and finally research activities of the organizer group, and the possible dominance of a particular “safety science school”.FindingsThe analyzed courses are fed by research, educating students not only in easy to use tools, but also in underlying theories, models and metaphors of relevant disciplines, as can be expected from an academic training.Practical implicationsAlthough the profile of the health and safety professional is defined and is the aim of several initiatives, the study of the health and safety education and its characteristics at the universities is still a scarce topic. By considering this case study of some Portuguese courses, these data will allow the definition of a benchmark of some courses' characteristics.Originality/valueAs consensually accepted, there is a current need for developing a new professional qualification and training framework based on the existing occupational health and safety professional reality and that includes the need to understand the reality and the education approaches used by the already existing courses, as those reported in this case study.
Taking diversity and inclusion initiatives global
Authors: Goodman Neal R. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of rolling out diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives globally and to provide leaders with guidance for successful global implementation of their D&I initiatives.Design/methodology/approachPossible methods examined include highly tailored global diversity curricula and numerous interviews with global D&I leaders from around the world. The recommendation and analysis of these methods is based on 25 years of Global Dynamics' experience consulting multinational companies on global diversity matters.FindingsThe author's research has found that global implementation of a Western‐centric approach to diversity and inclusion is a guarantee of failure. Leaders must be aware of the potential risk areas involved in implementing global D&I initiatives; appreciation of the ways the dimensions of diversity vary in scope and importance across cultures is key.Originality/valueThis paper is based on more than 25 years of experience working with the world's leading international organizations to enhance their global performance.