bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Structure of Tetrahydropteridine Derivatives
Authors: Reibnegger Gilbert , Pauschenwein Jutta , Werner Ernst R. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Recently; the 4-amino analogue of tetrahydrobiopterin was found to be a strong inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase while being bound to the enzyme in a manner similar to the natural cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. We were interested in the electronic properties of these and similar compounds and studied therefore the following model tetrahydropteridine structures: tetrahydrolumazine, tetrahydropterin, 4-amino-analogue of tetrahydropterin and N5-methyl-tetrahydropterin. Ab initio quantum chemical computations used the Hartree- Fode method with basis set 6-31G** after geometry optimization with basis set 3-21G*. Results reveal dramatic differences in distribution of electronic charge and all the molecular properties derived thereof~ between a) the lumazine system, b) the normal pterin system, and c) the 4-amino analogue. In contrast, differences of electronic properties between tetrahydropterin and its N5-methyl-derivative are negligible. Our results are compatible with recent speculations that the striking differences between the effects of the tetrahydropterin struculrc and its 4-amino analogue on cnznllatic activity may be due to electronic interaction between the pyrimidine moiety of the ptcrin ring systcm and the heme group.
Complete Suppression of the Transient Enhanced Diffusion of B Implanted in Preamorphized Si by Interstitial Trapping in a Spatially Separated C-Rich Layer
Authors: Napolitani E. , Coati A. , Salvador D. De , Carnera A. , Mirabella S. , Scalese S. , Priolo F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA method for completely suppressing the transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of boron implanted in preamorphized silicon is demonstrated. Boron is implanted in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown silicon sample that has been previously amorphized by silicon implantation. The sample is then annealed in order to epitaxially regrow the amorphous layer and electrically activate the dopant. The back-flow of silicon interstitials released by the preamorphization end-of-range (EOR) damage is completely trapped by a carbon-rich silicon layer interposed by MBE between the damage and the implanted boron. No appreciable TED is observed in the samples up to complete dissolution of the EOR damage, and complete electrical activation is obtained. The method might be considered for the realization of ultra shallow junctions for the far future complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology nodes.
Analysis of Dermatologic Events in Vemurafenib-Treated Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Lacouture Mario E. , Duvic Madeleine , Hauschild Axel , Prieto Victor G. , Robert Caroline , Schadendorf Dirk , Kim Caroline C. , McCormack Christopher J. , Myskowski Patricia L. , Spleiss Olivia , Trunzer Kerstin , Su Fei , Nelson Betty , Nolop Keith B. , Grippo Joseph F. , Lee Richard J. , Klimek Matthew J. , Troy James L. , Joe Andrew K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background.
Vemurafenib has been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma. This report by the Vemurafenib Dermatology Working Group presents the characteristics of dermatologic adverse events (AEs) that occur in vemurafenib-treated patients, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC).

Methods.
Dermatologic AEs were assessed from three ongoing trials of BRAFV600E mutation-positive advanced melanoma. Histologic central review and genetic characterization were completed for a subset of cuSCC lesions.

Results.
A total of 520 patients received vemurafenib. The most commonly reported AEs were dermatologic AEs, occurring in 92%–95% of patients. Rash was the most common AE (64%–75% of patients), and the most common types were rash not otherwise specified, erythema, maculopapular rash, and folliculitis. Rash development did not appear to correlate with tumor response. Photosensitivity occurred in 35%–63% of patients, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) occurred in 8%–10% of patients. The severity of rash, photosensitivity, and PPE were mainly grade 1 or 2. In all, 19%–26% of patients developed cuSCC, mostly keratoacanthomas (KAs). The majority of patients with cuSCC continued therapy without dose reduction after resection. Genetic analysis of 29 cuSCC/KA samples demonstrated HRAS mutations in 41%.

Conclusions.
Dermatologic AEs associated with vemurafenib treatment in patients with melanoma were generally manageable with supportive care measures. Dose interruptions and/or reductions were required in &lt;10% of patients.
Nonexistence Results for Semilinear Equations in
Carnot Groups
Authors: Ferrari Fausto , Pinamonti Andrea 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this paper, following [3], we provide some nonexistence results
for semilinear equations in the the class of Carnot groups
of type ★.This class, see [20], contains, in particular, all groups
of step 2; like the Heisenberg group, and also Carnot groups
of arbitrarly large step. Moreover, we prove some nonexistence
results for semilinear equations in the Engel group,
which is the simplest Carnot group that is not of type ★.
Liquid-solid equilibrium for the NaCl-NaHCO3-Na2CO3-H2O system at 45°C. Validation of mixed solvent electrolyte model
Authors: Jaworski Zdzisław , Czernuszewicz Małgorzata 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to verify the mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic model for the prediction of the liquid-solid equilibrium in the soda system. The full quaternary system NaCl-NaHCO3-Na2CO3-H2O and its three subsystems were considered. Validation of the thermodynamic model was based on experimental data from literature. Phase diagrams for the soda system are plotted for isotherms of 45°C. Good agreement of the MSE results with those from experiments was found at 45°C. Similar phase diagrams for other temperature levels can be constructed based on the validated MSE model.
Fastener effect on magnetic properties of chain compounds of dinuclear ruthenium carboxylates
Authors: Ishida Hideaki , Handa Makoto , Hiromitsu Ichiro , Mikuriya Masahiro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractChlorido-bridged chain complexes of dinuclear ruthenium benzoate analogues, [Ru2{3,4,5-(CmH2m+1O)3C6H2CO2}4Cl]n (mCl) (m = 3, 5–7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17), were synthesised and the crystal structure of 3Cl · 2nH2O was revealed. The magnetic measurements for a series of the complexes mCl (m = 2–18) revealed that all the complexes show an antiferromagnetic interaction between the dinuclear unit, with a fastener effect giving the stronger interaction as the alkyl-chain length m increases.
d-Glucosamine as an efficient and green additive for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction
Authors: Amini Mojtaba , Etemadi Hossein 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Heck coupling of haloarenes with various alkenes was successfully performed in the presence of 0.5 mole % Pd(OAc)2 and 1.0 mole % d-glucosamine as an additive with K2CO3 as the optimal base in a mixture of H2O/iPrOH (φ r = 2: 1) as the reaction solvent at 80°C after 6 h. d-Glucosamine was found to be an inexpensive, air-stable, easy to available, and efficient additive in palladium-catalyzed Heck reactions of aryl iodides (67–95 % conversion) and bromides (38–72 % conversion).
Solvent-free acetylation and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols catalyzed by recyclable sulfonated ordered nanostructured carbon
Authors: Zareyee Daryoush , Alizadeh Parastoo , Ghandali Mohammad , Khalilzadeh Mohammad 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRapid and practical green acetylation and tetrahydropyranylation routes of structurally diverse alcohols and phenols were applied under solvent-free reaction conditions providing excellent yields, using catalytic amounts of environmentally friendly sulfonated ordered nanoporous carbon (CMK-5-SO3H). Non-toxic nature of the catalyst, its easy handling, recovery and reusability, and the absence of any solvent characterize the presented procedures as efficient methods. These procedures provide methods for the separation of the product by simple filtration.
Atypical tumors of the facial nerve: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ross Lindsey , Drazin Doniel , Eboli Paula , Lekovic Gregory P. 
Published: March 2013

Object
The authors present a series of 4 patients with rare facial nerve tumors. The relevant literature is reviewed and is discussed regarding diagnostic features, the role of operative management, and surgical approach.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with tumors of the facial nerve that were treated between 2008 and 2011. Patients undergoing observation with serial MRI and those who were treated with up-front radiosurgery and for whom tissue diagnosis was not available were excluded. In addition, patients with suspected vestibular schwannoma, facial nerve schwannoma, neurofibromatosis Type 2, and metastatic disease were also excluded. The charts of 4 patients (2 men and 2 women) with “atypical” tumors were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
A total of 12 patients with tumors of the facial nerve were identified during the study period. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging, operative approach, tumor histology, and outcomes are described.

Conclusions
Atypical facial nerve tumors must be distinguished from the more common facial nerve schwannoma. How the authors of this study treat rare facial nerve tumors is based on their experience with the more common facial nerve schwannomas, characterized by a slow progression of symptoms and growth. Less is known about the rare lesions, and thus a conservative approach may be warranted. Open questions include the role of radiosurgery, facial nerve decompression, and indications for resection of tumor and cable grafting for these rare lesions.
Neurosurgical management of neurenteric cysts in children
Authors: Al-Ahmed Ibrahim H. , Boughamoura Mohamed , Dirks Peter , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Rutka James T. , Drake James M. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are endothelium-lined structures of presumed endodermal origin. There have been few pediatric series of intracranial NCs reported previously. The authors present their experience in the management of these lesions.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all cases of NCs identified between 1977 and 2007 was carried out. Demographics, details of clinical presentation, surgical therapy, and outcome data were extracted.

Results
Eleven cases were identified, involving 6 girls and 5 boys. The patients' average age was 4.6 years (range 1 day–14 years). Limb weakness was the most common presenting symptom. The location of the cysts was cervical in 2 cases, cervicothoracic in 4 cases, and thoracic in 3 cases. One cyst was anterior to the pons with extension to the left cerebellopontine angle and 1 cyst was at the craniocervical junction. Five patients had an apparently complete initial excision, with 1 recurrence. Four patients were initially treated with incomplete excision and/or cyst drainage, usually into an Ommaya reservoir. A neonate with a large cervicothoracic cyst died of multiple congenital anomalies without any intervention. All other patients were alive at last follow-up. One patient with a radiologically identified presumed cyst, which remained stable, was simply followed up. Several patients required multiple procedures and 1 patient developed hydrocephalus after aseptic meningitis and was treated with CSF shunting.

Conclusions
Neurenteric cysts are rare in the pediatric population. Total resection, if possible, provides the best long-term outcome. Incomplete excision may lead to multiple procedures, including cyst drainage, but can lead to long-term stability.
Longterm Safety and Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cumulative Analysis of Up to 4.6 Years of Exposure
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Smolen Josef S. , Kremer Joel , Khraishi Majed , Gómez-Reino Juan , Sebba Anthony , Pilson Robert , Williams Sarah , Van Vollenhoven Ronald 
Published: March 2013

Objective.To assess the longterm safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Patient data were from 5 randomized controlled TCZ trials (n = 4211), their open-label extension phases (n = 3512), and a drug interaction study (n = 23). All randomly assigned patients, regardless of previous RA treatment, were analyzed. Measures of safety included number of adverse events (AE), serious AE (SAE), AE leading to treatment discontinuation, laboratory tests, and deaths. Efficacy measures included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70 responses, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), ACR core set components, and low disease activity (LDA) or Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) remission. ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) disease remission was a posthoc exploratory analysis.Results.Total duration of observation was 12,293 patient-years (PY). No new safety signals were identified; infections were the most common AE and SAE. The rate of serious infections was 4.5/100 PY. Improvements from baseline in clinical efficacy, measured as ACR20/50/70 responses, TJC, SJC, ACR core set components, and LDA and DAS28 remission, were generally sustained through at least 216 weeks of followup. ACR/EULAR disease remission was attained by 16.5% (Boolean) and 22.7% (index) of patients at Week 216.Conclusion.TCZ has to date been studied for up to 4.6 years (240 weeks) of treatment in patients with RA. Our analysis reveals a longer-term safety profile consistent with previous observations, no new safety signals, and durable efficacy of TCZ in a large clinical trial program.
RANKL/OPG Ratio and DKK-1 Expression in Primary Osteoblastic Cultures from Osteoarthritic and Osteoporotic Subjects
Authors: Corrado Addolorata , Neve Anna , Macchiarola Antonio , Gaudio Annamaria , Marucci Arcangela , Cantatore Francesco Paolo 
Published: March 2013

Objective.To evaluate the expression of Dickkopf-1 protein factor (DKK-1), DKK-2, and β-catenin, components of the Wnt pathway, in human osteoarthritic (OA) and osteoporotic (OP) osteoblasts and to correlate it to cell metabolic activity, proliferation, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) expression.Methods.Primary human osteoblast cultures were obtained from healthy, OA, and OP donors. In each cell population we evaluated DKK-1, DKK-2, nonphosphorylated β-catenin and RANKL/OPG expression, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis, and cell proliferation, both in basal condition and after vitamin D3 stimulation.Results.DKK-1 and DKK-2 showed opposite patterns of expression in OA and OP osteoblasts. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly higher in the OP group because of a greater expression of RANKL, whereas it was significantly lower in the OA group because of a higher expression of OPG. Treatment with vitamin D3 increased the RANKL/OPG ratio and DKK-2 expression and reduced DKK-1 expression in each cell population, but did not affect β-catenin levels. Both osteocalcin and ALP production and cell proliferation were enhanced in OA cells and reduced in the OP ones.Conclusion.These data confirm that OA and OP are characterized by opposite bone changes, consisting of reduced bone remodeling processes with increased osteoblast activity in OA, and enhanced bone resorptive activity with reduction of osteoblast metabolism in OP, and suggest that the Wnt pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
Recommendations for Frequency of Visits to Monitor Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Asymptomatic Patients: Data from an Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Gladman Dafna D. , Ibañez Dominique , Ruiz Ioana , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: March 2013

Objective.The aim of our study was to determine the optimal frequency of followup visits in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Patients followed in the lupus clinic over a 2-year period who had at least 3 visits and at least 18 months of followup were included. At each visit patients undergo a complete history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The following variables that would not have been recognized by the patient were identified: proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria, casts, low hemoglobin, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, positive anti-DNA antibodies, and low complement. When one of these variables was detected, it was determined whether it was new, and whether other features of activity were present. Thus isolated new variables of interest were identified. Descriptive statistics were used.Results.A total of 515 patients (89% female, 61% white) met the inclusion criteria, with an average of 6.1 ± 1.5 for a total of 3126 visits. The average length of time between visits was 3.8 ± 1.0 months. In the 515 patients, the variables of interest were the sole manifestation of SLE in 126 (24.5%) patients (in a total of 175 visits). The commonest manifestations were renal, low complement, and DNA antibodies followed by thrombocytopenia, low hemoglobin, and elevated creatinine.Conclusion.One in 4 patients with SLE seen over a 2-year period will have a solitary silent variable of interest that could be detected only by routine laboratory followup. Patients with mild or inactive disease should be followed with clinical and laboratory measures at 3–4 month intervals.
Effect of All-transretinoic Acid on Th17 and T Regulatory Cell Subsets in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bidad Katayoon , Salehi Eisa , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar , Oraei Mona , Meysamie Alipasha , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2013

Objective.We compared Th17 and T regulatory cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in healthy controls. The effect of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) was studied on cultured CD4+ T cells of patients with AS compared to controls.Methods.Eighteen patients with AS and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. CD4+ T cells were separated and cultured in conditions of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation with and without ATRA. Intracellular and secreted cytokines, transcription factors, and gene expression were evaluated after 72 h.Results.The frequency of CD4+IL-17+ T cells was significantly higher in patients with AS compared to controls, and ATRA could significantly decrease it. The frequency of forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)+ retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) negative T-bet negative CD4+ cells was significantly lower in cases compared to controls. Intracellular and secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was not significantly different between cases and controls. ATRA significantly increased intracellular IFN-γ in cases but not in controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion was significantly higher and interleukin 10 secretion was significantly lower in culture supernatant of cases compared to controls. ATRA could significantly decrease TNF-α secretion in cases.Conclusion.Our findings favor a pathogenic role for Th17 cells in AS. Th1 cells did not seem to contribute in the pathogenesis of this disease. The effect of ATRA as an immunomodulator on deviated immune cells was associated with decreased inflammatory markers. This association could be a reason for a clinical trial of ATRA in patients with AS.
Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Abadi Yael M. , Jeon Hyungjun , Ohaegbulam Kim C. , Scandiuzzi Lisa , Ghosh Kaya , Hofmeyer Kimberly A. , Lee Jun Sik , Ray Anjana , Gravekamp Claudia , Zang Xingxing 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
B7x (B7-H4 or B7S1) is an inhibitory member of the B7 family of T cell costimulation. It is expressed in low levels in healthy peripheral tissues, such as the lung epithelium, but is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers with negative clinical associations, including metastasis. However, the function of B7x in the context of cancer, whether expressed on cancer cells or on surrounding “host” tissues, has not been elucidated in vivo. We used the 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model and B7x knockout (B7x −/−) mice to investigate the effect of host tissue–expressed B7x on cancer. We found that 4T1 cells were B7x negative in vitro and in vivo, and B7x−/− mice had significantly fewer lung 4T1 tumor nodules than did wild-type mice. Furthermore, B7x−/− mice showed significantly enhanced survival and a memory response to tumor rechallenge. Mechanistic studies revealed that the presence of B7x correlated with reduced general and tumor-specific T cell cytokine responses, as well as with an increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated neutrophils, macrophages, and regulatory T cells, into tumor-bearing lungs. Importantly, tumor-associated neutrophils strongly bound B7x protein and inhibited the proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These results suggest that host B7x may enable metastasizing cancer cells to escape local antitumor immune responses through interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. Thus, targeting the B7x pathway holds much promise for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for metastatic cancer.
Expression of CXCR3 on Specific T Cells Is Essential for Homing to the Prostate Gland in an Experimental Model of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Breser Maria L. , Motrich Ruben D. , Sanchez Leonardo R. , Mackern-Oberti Juan P. , Rivero Virginia E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is considered a valid model for the human disease chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In this report, we analyzed phenotypic characteristics of T cells that gain access to the prostate and induce leukocyte recruitment in mice with different susceptibility to EAP. After EAP induction, NOD mice developed a specific cellular response characterized by a mixed Th1/Th17 pattern with specific T cells mainly expressing CXCR3 that infiltrated and damaged the prostate. In contrast, BALB/c mice, as well as NOD-IFN-γ−/−, exhibited only Th17 cells mainly expressing CCR6 that were not capable of infiltrating the prostate gland. Adoptive transfer experiments of T cells from NOD or NOD–IFN-γ−/− mice to NOD-SCID recipients showed that only T cells from NOD mice successfully infiltrated the prostate. However, after “in vitro” or “in vivo” treatment with rIFN-γ, T cells from NOD–IFN-γ−/− mice became capable of homing to the prostate and induced leukocyte recruitment. Chemokine levels in prostate tissue from NOD mice showed increased expression levels of CXCR3 ligands. Additional experiments using adoptive transfer of sorted CXCR3+CD3+ T cells or administrating a CXCR3 antagonist treatment confirmed these previous results. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the expression of CXCR3 on effector T cells is essential for their homing to the prostate gland in EAP. CXCR3 emerges as a potential therapeutic target to control chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.