bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Sediment Erosion in Guide Vanes of Francis Turbine with Experimental Validations
Authors: Shrestha Suprim , Bijukchhe Pawan Lal , Poudel Ravi , Chitrakar Sailesh , Thapa Bhola , Guo Zhiwei , Qian Zhongdong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Serving as crucial elements within the distributor of Francis turbines, guide vanes aid in converting pressure energy into velocity energy. Additionally, they are responsible for directing water into the runner at the appropriate angle and quantity. The existence of a clearance gap in the guide vanes leads to the development of a leakage flow due to the pressure variation between the two sides. This leakage flow develops into a vortex, which interacts with sediment-laden flow and causes erosion of the guide vane as well as the runner. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of erosion patterns in the guide vanes of a 2-kW model Francis turbine. Employing a dual approach that combines both experimental and computational methods, the investigation focuses on the impact of clearance gaps on erosion. The numerical study focuses on two cases, one incorporating a 2 mm clearance gap on the hub side of the guide vane and the other without the clearance gap. Both studies report erosion initiating from the mid-section and extending to the trailing edge at the suction side of the guide vane. Noteworthy is the leakage flow from the pressure side to the suction side of the blade, which, when converging with the main flow, disturbs the primary flow pattern and forms vortices, leading to erosion. This research also shows that the results from both the experimental and numerical analyses are in agreement.
Effect of the leakage flow through guide vanes on the erosion pattern and performance of Francis runner
Authors: Shrestha Kushal , Thapa Bhola , Chitrakar Sailesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of hydropower as a renewable energy source is well understood. However, due to the geological characteristics of certain regions, hydropower systems there are facing a unique challenge of excessive sedimentation in rivers. A significant number of research works were performed in the past, which focused on the effects of sediments on the turbine components, that includes reduction in efficiency of the turbine and increase in the erosion wear. Experimental studies of erosion in laboratory conditions are usually limited by several characteristics that affect erosion and complications of handling sediments. As a result, these investigations are normally carried out in a simplified apparatus. This study focuses on using a non-recirculating type of sediment erosion test rig, where a model of Francis turbine is used for experimental investigations. Previous studies have shown that in the case of Francis turbines, erosion occurs in the clearance gap of guide vanes, which increases the size of the gap. The flow from the pressure side of the guide vane is driven into the suction side due to the pressure difference between the two sides. This leakage flow ultimately develops into a vortex filament and hits the runner blades towards the hub and shroud. In this study, the erosion pattern of the runner blades towards these locations are studied by using color coatings. A clearance gap of 4 mm has been created in the guide vane and the consequent impact on the erosion and efficiency of the turbine are studied. The objective is to isolate the effects of leakage flow on erosion in the runner inlet, as well as the overall performance of the Francis turbine. The effect has been observed in terms of increased flow rate, decreased efficiency and erosion in the leading edge of the runner.
Ultrasonic degassing of total dissolved gas supersaturated, flowing water in a laboratory flume
Authors: Ludwig Kuhn W. , Solemslie Bjørn Winther , Hihn Jean-Yves , Dahlhaug Ole Gunnar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Artificial total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation is a potentially lethal threat to the aquatic ecology downstream of hydropower plants. The severity of this threat dependents on the actual saturation level as well as on the duration of the event. Natural degassing is highly influenced by the river’s morphology and characteristics, and is in most cases insufficiently slow. To protect fish and aquatic invertebrates from gas bubble disease, a direct consequence of TDG supersaturation, the use of ultrasonic degassing to mitigate TDG supersaturation is investigated. In this process, a high-power ultrasonic field is introduced into the water, leading to an immediate reduction of the TDG saturation level. Experiments are conducted at the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU, Norway. Within an open flume, water is channeled past an ultrasonic transducer, which introduces an acoustic field with a frequency of 20 kHz. The flow rate in the flume is adjustable, and two different flow rates are tested. In addition, the dependency of the degassing process on the acoustic power is investigated. Results indicate a strong dependency on the acoustic power, with the highest tested powers resulting in the largest reduction in TDG saturation level. The flow velocity appears to have a positive effect on the degassing efficiency as well, even though this effect is minor compared to the effect of the acoustic power. A continuous effect of the acoustic degassing in form of a gas bubble cloud leading to increased liquid-gas mass transfer is observed.
Hydrogen energy storage system integrated with the surplus energy from Hydropower plant in the context of Nepal: A parametric study
Authors: Lama Lakshman , Thapa Biraj Singh , Baral Bivek , Thapa Bhola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the search for emission-free energy sources, hydrogen is considered a reliable alternative to store energy from renewable sources like wind, solar, thermal, and hydropower. Hydrogen has minimal environmental implications and can be stored and transported whenever there is an energy demand that other intermittent sources cannot suffice. This project aims to study the integration of hydropower with a hydrogen production and storage plant in Nepal to utilize excess energy supply that will exceed the country’s demand shortly. The excess power from the hydropower will be used to produce hydrogen from the water coming out from the tailrace. This water will also be a coolant for cooling the hydrogen before passing to the storage unit. This parametric analysis shows the effect of variation in the hydrogen inlet pressure before it enters the compressor unit and the impact of variation in storage tank pressure on the energy and exergy efficiency of the overall hydrogen production and storage system. In the first case, the inlet pressure varies from 0 to 20 MPa at three different constant storage pressures 40 MPa, 60 MPa, and 90 MPa. An increase in inlet pressure gradually increases energy and exergy efficiencies, but an increase in storage pressure lowers this efficiency. The reduction is more significant at a high value of inlet pressure. In the second case, the storage pressure varies between 20-80 MPa with constant inlet pressure at 0.1 MPa, 1 MPa, and 5 MPa. The increase in storage pressure gradually reduces efficiency, whereas the higher inlet pressure has higher efficiency. Hydrogen fills the gap between supply and demand of energy, so considering hydrogen production with multiple-stage compression and integration of three sources of energy: wind, solar, and hydropower has an excellent prospect for consistent and low carbon emission solutions.
Well-being of the Workforce
Authors: Anthony Bethany F , Spencer Llinos H , Bryning Lucy , Lloyd-Williams Huw , Lawrence Catherine L , Edwards Rhiannon T 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChapter 5 focuses on the well-being and well-becoming of the workforce. Happy people work more effectively and are less at risk of avoidable ill-health, disability, and premature death. Mitigating risk factors such as mental health problems and health-harming lifestyle choices can improve employee health and well-being, creating substantial savings to the UK National Health Service (NHS), employers, and government. In this chapter, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model is applied to the workplace to help us think about the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions that focus on employee health and well-being, reduce presenteeism and absenteeism, and improve rates of retention and productivity. This chapter is structured around dimensions of good work, such as: pay and benefits; contracts; work-life balance; job design and the nature of work; relationships at work; employee voice; and health and well-being. The chapter concludes with curiosity questions for the reader to consider.
Diversifying Health Economics to Provide a Life-course Lens on Health, Well-being, and Well-becoming
Authors: Edwards Rhiannon T , Lawrence Catherine L , Makanjuola Abraham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This final chapter revisits concepts of well-being and well-becoming, how they are beginning to be used in health economics and puts forward a range of ideas for future research and policy support. This chapter also presents ‘The well-being and well-becoming wheel’ infographic, which explains the concept of well-becoming for the purpose of health economics research and policy support within a life-course model. The chapter sets out an agenda for research priorities in health economics to further the use of a well-becoming lens in the use of evidence in public policy. We present global priorities for health economics research with an increased emphasis on sustainability and climate change as a fundamental basis for future human well-being and well-becoming. The chapter concludes with curiosity questions for the reader to consider.
Fanatic
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There are fanatics all around us. From ultramarathon runners who push their bodies to the breaking point to the humble bottle collector who digs up old privies to find the perfect specimen, these individuals are amazing. Far from traditional connotations of fanatics being strange or extreme, this book argues that fanaticism can bring us joy and interest to the world. Through interviews and direct experience, this book captures stories of real-world fanatics who discovered something they were passionate about and made it core to their self-concept. The types of fanaticisms profiled are wide-ranging, from the highly social to the esoteric, and sometimes directed at resolving regrets or coping with trauma. A set of common motivations emerged, spanning the social, physical, cognitive, and emotive psychological domains, that when combined make a particular passion sticky and core to the fanatic’s identify. To become a fanatic, individuals demonstrate both an openness to new experiences and commitment to stick with it. For all the benefits that fanaticism provides, it can pose a risk to healthy living if it becomes all encompassing. To help understand where that line is and what to do about it, interviews were held with experts in clinical and sport psychology, as well as others who use fanaticism proactively to build social connections and understanding. With nearly an unlimited range of topics that could seed fanaticism, this book argues that we are all a fanatic about something or at least have the potential to become one.
Shakespeare Unlearned
Authors: Zucker Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShakespeare Unlearned dances along the borderline of sense and nonsense in early modern texts, revealing overlooked opportunities for understanding and shared community in words and ideas that might in the past have been considered too silly to matter much for serious scholarship. Each chapter pursues a self-knowing, gently ironic study of the lexicon and scripting of words and acts related to what has been called ‘stupidity’ in work by Shakespeare and other authors. Each centers on significant, often comic situations that emerge—on stage, in print, and in the critical and editorial tradition pertaining to the period—when rigorous scholars and teachers meet language or characters or plotlines that exceed and at times entirely undermine the goals and premises of scholarly rigor. And each suggests that a framing of putative ‘stupidity’ pursued through lexicography, editorial glossing, literary criticism, and pedagogical practice can help us put Shakespeare and semantically obscure historical literature more generally to new communal ends. Words such as ‘baffle’ in Twelfth Night or ‘twangling’ and ‘jingling’ in The Tempest, and characters such as Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Holofernes the pedant, might in the past have been considered unworthy of critical attention—too light or obvious to matter much for our understanding of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. This book’s meditation on the limits of learnedness and the opportunities presented by a philology of stupidity argues otherwise.
On Pedantry
Authors: Zucker Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChapter 2 introduces and eventually reframes the figure that has, since the beginning of the sixteenth century, been the butt of satire about scholarly stupidity: the pedant. Using texts by Montaigne, Charron, Donne, and others to locate the meaning of the pedant figure, and ending with a detailed analysis of Jonson’s 1616 folio Works, this chapter shows how the discourse and performance of ‘pedantry’ both in early modern culture and in the critical tradition works to elide the communal potential of obscurity in art. It attempts to restore that potential, arguing for the ethical power of difficult historical literature in our own classrooms and offering a needed reevaluation of Jonson’s familiar reputation as the overweening pedant of the Shakespearean stage.
Twangling Instruments
Authors: Zucker Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter deploys the philology of stupidity to illuminate a hitherto-unnoticed set of classical intertexts for several key passages in The Tempest, showing that the voices of Caliban and other laboring characters in the play echo with the sounds of nonsensical song lyrics and with Tudor humanist translations of Seneca and Virgil. The chapter pays close attention to the word ‘twangling,’ which, with its onomatopoeic obviousness, links the play’s interest in nonsemantic sound to translations of The Aeneid and their own noisy styles. No one has ever really glossed the word ‘twangling’ before, but this chapter demonstrates how the traditional tools of the philologist might usefully operate in concert with the unlearned energy of linguistic and musical noise, providing a new perspective on The Tempest and on Caliban’s radical voice that contributes to postcolonial editorial and educational contexts. This chapter also includes an analysis of Richard Stanihurst’s remarkably noisy, overlooked 1582 translation of The Aeneid, and critiques its dismissal by English literary scholars in light of its unlearned energies.
Superconductivity
Authors: Solymar Laszlo , Walsh Donald , Syms Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Explains the phenomenon of superconductivity, starting with a review of observable effects including the critical temperature Tc defining the onset of superconduction and the expulsion of the magnetic field at this temperature (the Meissner effect). Presents a detailed theoretical explanation firstly in terms of classical thermodynamics and then using quantum mechanics (the Landau-Ginzberg theory). Describes the resulting band structure, and explains likely effects at junctions between materials. Introduces superconducting devices in the form of the Josephson junction and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Discusses practical applications of superconductivity including high-field magnets, switches and memory elements, magnetometers, and magnetically levitating trains. Reviews the properties of high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors, and other potential new superconductors. Introduces the idea of quantum computers as an alternative to conventional computers and describes their implementation using the superconducting qubit.
The Whig Interpretation of Thirteenth-Century England
Authors: Coss Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the standard interpretation of the mid-thirteenth-century ‘crisis’ in England which stems in large measure from the seminal work of R. F. Treharne. It identifies the characteristics of what the author contends to be the Whig interpretation of thirteenth-century England, including constitutionalism, the concept of revolution and its implications, idealism, the growth and expression of national feeling, and the idea of a common enterprise. It deals also with the extensions of and modifications to the Treharne framework by the late F. M. Powicke and by contemporary scholars including, pre-eminently, John Maddicott and David Carpenter. An alternative approach is then introduced, as the subject of this book. This approach emphasizes the exercise of power, material and social resources, networks of various kinds, contemporary values, and political culture. The chapter ends by introducing the dimensions to the reassessment that will follow in more detail in subsequent chapters.
The Angevin Legacy and the Kingship of Henry III
Authors: Coss Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the political legacy bequeathed to Henry III by the Angevins and the quality of his own kingship. Attention is paid first of all to the king’s minority and its effects upon him, looking at factionalism, royal patronage, at the legacy of ‘great councils’, and at the ceremony and grandeur of kingship. It then turns to the system of government, stressing the role of the courts and of the sheriffs. Royal finances are discussed and the issue of consent to taxation. The chapter then turns to the royal character and to the king’s attitude towards public authority. Symbolism and glitter are given particular attention. The chapter closes with perceptions of the king and the use of contemptuous language towards him.
Flexible resource allocation optimization model considering global K-means load clustering and renewable-energy consumption
Authors: Jiao Jie , He Puyu , Zhang Yuhong , Zhang Jiyuan , Long Zhuhan , Liu Hanjing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vigorously developing flexible resources in power systems will be the key to building a new power system and realizing energy transformation. The investment construction cost and operation cost of various flexible resources are different, and the adjustment ability is different in different timescales. Therefore, the optimization of complementary allocation of various resources needs to take into account the economy and adjustment ability of different resources. In this paper, the global K-means load clustering model is proposed and the 365-day net load is reduced to eight typical daily net loads by clustering. Secondly, a two-level optimization model of flexible resource complementary allocation considering wind power and photovoltaic consumption is constructed. The flexible resources involved include the flexible transformation of thermal power, hydropower, pumped storage, energy storage, and demand response. The upper-layer model optimizes the capacity allocation of various flexible resources with the minimum investment and construction cost as the goal and the lower layer optimizes the operating output of various units with the minimum operating cost as the goal. The results of the example analysis show that the flexible capacity of thermal power units has nothing to do with the abandonment rate of renewable energy. As the abandonment rate of renewable energy decreases, the optimal capacity of pumped storage, electrochemical energy storage, and hydropower units increases. When the power-abandonment rate of renewable energy is 5%, the optimal allocation capacity of thermal power flexibility transformation, pumped storage, electrochemical energy storage, hydropower unit, and adjustable load in Province A is 5313, 17 090, 5830, 72 113, and 4250 MW, respectively. Under the condition that the renewable-energy abandonment rate is 0, 5%, and 10% respectively, the configured capacity of pumped storage is 20 000, 17 090, and 14 847 MW, respectively.
Perceptual training improves audiovisual integration by enhancing alpha-band oscillations and functional connectivity in older adults
Authors: Ren Yanna , Chen Peng , Li Yan , Zhou Zhenhua , Dong Yanping , Li Shujing , Qian Runqi , Yang Jiajia , Wu Jinglong , Yang Weiping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Numerous studies on perceptual training exist, however, most have focused on the precision of temporal audiovisual perception, while fewer have concentrated on ability promotion for audiovisual integration (AVI). To investigate these issues, continuous 5-day audiovisual perceptual training was applied, during which electroencephalography was performed in response to auditory-only (A), visual-only (V) and audiovisual (AV) stimuli before and after training. The results showed that the perceptual sensitivity was greater for training group than for control group and was greater in the posttest than in the pretest. The response to the AV stimulus was significantly faster in the posttest than in the pretest for the older training group but was significantly greater for A and V stimuli for the younger training group. Electroencephalography analysis found higher P3 AVI amplitudes [AV-(A + V)] in the posttest than in the pretest for training group, which were subsequently reflected by an increased alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillatory response and strengthened global functional connectivity (weighted phase lag index). Furthermore, these facilitations were greater for older training groups than for younger training groups. These results confirm the age-related compensatory mechanism for AVI may be strengthened as audiovisual perceptual training progresses, providing an effective candidate for cognitive intervention in older adults.
A ‘twice closed’ patent foramen ovale: a case report of percutaneous management of a residual interatrial shunt in a patient with persistent migraine symptoms
Authors: Rizza Vincenzo , Belli Martina , Stella Stefano , Montorfano Matteo , Agricola Eustachio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Residual interatrial shunt following percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is a rare complication that can be associated with persistent migraine.

Case summary
A 32-year-old woman with a history of percutaneous PFO closure due to a previous coronary paradoxical embolism and a condition of drug-refractory migraine underwent transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) to investigate further recurrent migraine attacks. A partial displacement of a PFO occluder device was found, and it was successfully treated through the fluoroscopic and TOE-guided positioning of a second occluder in overlap with the previous one. The patient reported no more migraine attacks at the 6-month follow-up visit.

Discussion
Residual interatrial shunt should be suspected in patients with persistent migraine and a history of percutaneous PFO closure. Fluoroscopic and TOE-guided closure of residual interatrial shunt with a second PFO occlude device seems to be a safe and clinically effective strategy to manage persistent migraine.