bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal stenosis may induce initiation of cerebral aneurysms by increasing wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Fujimoto Takeshi , Terada Tomoaki 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYHemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress (WSS), WSS gradient (WSSG), aneurysm formation indicator (AFI), or gradient oscillatory number (GON), have been proposed to be linked to initiation of cerebral aneurysms. However, how such conditions occur in humans is unclear. We encountered a rare and interesting case to address this issue. A patient had a newly formed aneurysm with proximal stenosis, which was confirmed by serial imagings. We made two pre‐aneurysm models: one with stenosis and the other without stenosis. We performed computational fluid dynamics simulations for these models. Owing to jet flow caused by the stenosis, the maximum WSS and WSSG on the aneurysm initiation site were approximately doubled and tripled, respectively. However, the oscillatory shear index (OSI), AFI, and GON did not change substantially by the stenosis. Computer simulations using artificial vascular models with different degrees of proximal stenosis at different distances demonstrated that oscillatory shear index, AFI, and GON did not change substantially by the stenosis. These results showed that proximal stenosis caused high WSS and high WSSG at the aneurysm initiation site, possibly leading to aneurysm initiation. Proximal stenosis may be a potential factor to induce initiation of one class of cerebral aneurysms by increasing WSS and WSSG. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Temperature Properties of Polymer‐Stabilised Liquid‐Crystal Blue Phases
Authors: Lim Gihwan , Okumura Yasushi , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe temperature dependences of the Kerr coefficient and the response time in the electrooptical effect of polymer‐stabilised blue phases (PSBPs) of liquid crystals (LCs) with various polymer concentrations are investigated in a wide temperature range including temperatures lower than room temperature. The Kerr coefficients are found to abruptly decrease at low temperature, and the response time–temperature relation obeys the Arrhenius equation. For comparison of the Kerr effect and molecular rotation at low temperature, various physical properties such as permittivity, rotational relaxation time and dielectric relaxation strength of the PSBPs are investigated. The electrooptical response times and the dielectric relaxation times show different temperature dependences, and rotation of LC molecules in PSBPs was sufficiently active at low temperature and not strongly affected by the polymer.
QoS mechanism for virtualized wireless networks with software‐defined networking
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Liang , Kao San‐Peng 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAn effective Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) mechanism is essential for high‐quality Internet services. One QoS solution, rate limiting, is now a common strategy for obtaining a desired QoS from end‐to‐end traffic flow. Because of the high sensitivity of the QoS metric, implementing rate‐limiting QoS in hardware obtains better accuracy compared with evaluation by simulation models. For virtualized wired‐wireless networks, this study proposes a software‐defined networking based QoS mechanism based on OpenFlow‐enabled Net Field Programmable Gate Array platform. The OpenFlow wildcard table module in the user data path is modified to budget each packet with a certain buffer speed when the packets pass the output queues. The modified OpenFlow network isolates traffic flow and limits the traffic rate according to the budgeted bandwidth. The experimental results show that the mechanism achieves 4.6% improvement in packet loss and 47% improvement in delay. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascade Michael–Intramolecular Transesterification–Elimination Reaction of 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐nitrochromen‐2‐ones and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Oxo Esters: An Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrone Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMultisubstituted 2‐oxopyran‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized under mild reaction conditions through a base‐promoted reaction between 3,4‐dihydro‐3‐nitrochromen‐2‐ones and β,γ‐unsaturated α‐oxo esters to give products in excellent yields. The reaction is believed to proceed through a cascade Michael–intramolecular transesterification–elimination process.
Anastamosing channels in the lower Neches River valley, Texas
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTActive and semi‐active anastomosing Holocene channels upstream of the delta in the lower valley of the meandering Neches River in southeast Texas represent several morphologically distinct and hydrologically independent channel systems. These appear to have a common origin as multi‐thread crevasse channels strongly influenced by antecedent morphology. Levee breaching leads to steeper cross‐valley flows toward floodplain basins associated with Pleistocene meander scars, creating multi‐thread channels that persist due to additional tributary contributions and ground water inputs. Results are consistent with the notion of plural systems where main channels, tributaries, and sub‐channels may have different morphologies and hydrogeomorphic functions. The adjacent Trinity and Sabine Rivers have similar environmental controls, yet the Trinity lacks evidence of extensive anastomosing channels on its floodplain, and those of the Sabine appear to be of different origin. The paper highlights the effects of geographical and historical contingency and hydrological idiosyncrasy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the derivation of exact analytical FSO link attenuation model
Authors: Poliak J. , Pezzei P. , Barcik P. , Leitgeb E. , Hudcova L. , Wilfert O. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe development of semiconductor technology has led to an increase of the usable bandwidth of light‐emitting diodes (LED), which are suitable for indoor high‐speed communications or free‐space optical (FSO) communications over a relatively short distance. The high‐speed long‐distance FSO links, where turbulence effects are considerably high, are a domain of laser sources. Hence, the paper covers the study of an exact analytical model of FSO link attenuation and the benefits of using an elliptically symmetrical Gaussian beam rather than a circularly symmetrical one.The paper further generalises the study to the FSO link misalignment and the pointing error analysis. The main contribution is in the derivation of an exact laser beam attenuation model, which is further used to analyse the geometrical losses in FSO systems as well as a general misalignment of an elliptically symmetrical beam in any direction from a circular receiver aperture. The challenging mathematical part includes two and six expressions of the general laser beam attenuation model for FSO communications taking into consideration circular and elliptical beams, respectively. The paper concludes with an analysis of advantages of using elliptical beams in FSO systems and a discussion on optimal orientation of the major beam axis with respect to the maximisation of the link availability.The paper summarises some previous results of the team of authors to further extend the model's applicability into more general terms towards a unified model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and application of a retronasal aroma‐trapping device to study in vivo aroma release during the consumption of model wine‐derived beverages
Authors: Muñoz‐González Carolina , Rodríguez‐Bencomo Juan José , Moreno‐Arribas Maria Victoria , Pozo‐Bayón Maria Ángeles 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNew types of wine‐derived beverages are now in the market. However, little is known about the impact of ingredient formulation on aroma release during consumption, which is directly linked to consumer preferences and liking. In this study, the optimization and validation of a retronasal aroma‐trapping device (RATD) for the in vivo monitoring of aroma release was carried out. This device was applied to assess the impact of two main ingredients (sugar and ethanol) in these types of beverages on in vivo aroma release. Two aroma‐trapping materials (Lichrolut and Tenax) were firstly assayed. Tenax provided higher recovery and lower intra‐ and inter‐trap variability. In in vivo conditions, RATD provided an adequate linear range (R2 > 0.91) between 0 and 50 mg L−1 of aroma compounds. Differences in the total aroma release were observed in equally trained panelists. It was proven that the addition of sugar (up to 150 mg kg−1) did not have effect on aroma release, while ethanol (up to 40 mg L−1) enhanced the aroma release during drinking. The RATD is a useful tool to collect real in vivo data to extract reliable conclusions about the effect of beverage components on aroma release during consumption. The concentration of ethanol should be taken into consideration for the formulation of wine‐derived beverages.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Oxygen Ion Diffusion in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals and Bicrystals
Authors: Huang H. C. , Su P.‐C. , Kwak S. K. , Pornprasertsuk R. , Yoon Y.‐J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulation studies have been performed to study the oxygen ion diffusion in yttria stabilized zirconia single crystals and bicrystals separated by tilt grain boundaries (GBs). Two types of GBs which are Σ 5 (3 1 0) and Σ 13 (5 1 0) are studied at temperatures between 1,000 K and 2,000 K. The effect of grain size, which is the distance between two GBs, and the effect of GB orientations are systematically investigated in this study. The oxygen diffusion in the bicrystals is found to be blocked by the GB, and the blocking effect increases with decreasing grain size and is affected by different grain orientations. In addition, the oxygen diffusion along the GB plane is most hindered.
Influence of Operation Parameters on the Response of a PEMFC with Electrodeposited Pt‐WO3 Cathode
Authors: Martín A. J. , Chaparro A. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPt‐WO3 electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been prepared by electrodeposition on microporous carbon substrates. The electrodes have been studied as cathode in single cells under different operation conditions, including gas humidification, stoichiometry, and cell temperature. Polarization curves show a response qualitatively different from that observed with standard Pt/C cathodes, dominated by properties of the WO3 phase. At low current densities, below ca. 400 mA cm–2, the response is limited by protonic resistance and electrochemical kinetics in the cathode catalyst layer; at high current densities, large water retention by the hydrophilic cathode catalyst layer may cause anode flooding. Chemical changes in WO3 phase accelerate at high temperature and under dry cathode conditions, compromising cell stability in the long term. Therefore, continuous and stable operation requires low humidification in the anode and high in the cathode. Also, a pronounced transient voltage response to current demand steps is observed at low cell voltage, which we attribute to the transition of the cathode potential to a mixed potential value, laying between the oxygen reduction and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption equilibrium mediated by spillover from Pt to the WO3 phase. Basic kinetics considerations show how the height of the voltage transient is related with H spillover rate. Pt‐WO3 cathode catalyst layer may have a practical interest as cathode for PEMFC when dry hydrogen inlet conditions are imposed, for instance, by the use of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system.
Hemispheric lateralization of topological organization in structural brain networks
Authors: Caeyenberghs Karen , Leemans Alexander 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe study on structural brain asymmetries in healthy individuals plays an important role in our understanding of the factors that modulate cognitive specialization in the brain. Here, we used fiber tractography to reconstruct the left and right hemispheric networks of a large cohort of 346 healthy participants (20–86 years) and performed a graph theoretical analysis to investigate this brain laterality from a network perspective. Findings revealed that the left hemisphere is significantly more “efficient” than the right hemisphere, whereas the right hemisphere showed higher values of “betweenness centrality” and “small‐worldness.” In particular, left‐hemispheric networks displayed increased nodal efficiency in brain regions related to language and motor actions, whereas the right hemisphere showed an increase in nodal efficiency in brain regions involved in memory and visuospatial attention. In addition, we found that hemispheric networks decrease in efficiency with age. Finally, we observed significant gender differences in measures of global connectivity. By analyzing the structural hemispheric brain networks, we have provided new insights into understanding the neuroanatomical basis of lateralized brain functions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4944–4957, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platinum‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab first‐line for Asian patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results of an open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter trial
Authors: Guo Ye , Shi Mei , Yang Ankui , Feng Jifeng , Zhu Xiaodong , Choi Young‐Jin , Hu Guoqin , Pan Jianji , Hu Chunhong , Luo Rongcheng , Zhang Yiping , Zhou Liang , Cheng Ying , Lüpfert Christian , Cai Junliang , Shi yuankai 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab as first‐line treatment in Chinese and Korean patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsPatients (n = 68) received cetuximab weekly plus 3‐week cycles of cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemotherapy for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate.ResultsThe overall response rate was 55.9%, including 2 complete responses (CRs). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.6 months and median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 6.6 months. Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 41 (60.3%) patients. The safety profile was in line with previous clinical experience. The pharmacokinetic profile was in line with that observed with cetuximab in white and Japanese patients.ConclusionThe efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic findings from this study support the use of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in Chinese and Korean patients with recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01177956). © 2014 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1081–1087, 2015
Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation
Authors: Bhatt Aashish D. , Goodwin Nicole , Cash Elizabeth , Bhatt Geetika , Silverman Craig L. , Spanos William J. , Bumpous Jeffrey M. , Potts Kevin , Redman Rebecca , Allison Wes A. , Dunlap Neal E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (TNMES) therapy in maintaining swallowing function during chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively compared 43 consecutive patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with TNMES (treatment group) to 55 control patients. Validated swallowing scale scores were assigned.ResultsAll patients' swallowing scores declined post‐chemoradiotherapy. A difference in mean decline in scores for the control group versus the treatment group using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was seen, favoring TNMES intervention (23% vs 7%; p = .015). Age, race, >10 pack‐years smoking, diabetes, stage, nodal disease, accelerated fractionation, weight loss, dietary modification, no TNMES, and radiotherapy dose were all significant for poorer scores on the swallowing scales.ConclusionTNMES should be considered an adjunct to dysphagia reduction and possible prevention in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Further studies should be conducted to define the benefit of TNMES intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1051–1056, 2015
International collaborative validation of intraneural invasion as a prognostic marker in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Amit Moran , Binenbaum Yoav , Trejo–Leider Leonor , Sharma Kanika , Ramer Naomi , Ramer Ilana , Agbetoba Abib , Miles Brett , Yang Xinjie , Lei Delin , Bjørndal Kristine , Godballe Christian , Mücke Thomas , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Eckardt André M. , Copelli Chiara , Sesenna Enrico , Palmer Frank , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal , Gil Ziv 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence, pattern of spread, and prognostic correlation of nerve invasion in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).MethodsUsing 3 different pathological categories of perineural invasion, intraneural invasion, and perineural inflammation, we investigated the prognostic value of nerve invasion in a total of 495 ACCs from 9 international patient cohorts with median follow‐up 90 months (range, 12–288 months).ResultsOf 239 patients (48%) with nerve invasion, 174 (73%) had perineural invasion, 65 (27%) intraneural invasion, and 37 (15%) perineural inflammation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor site (p = .008; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07–3.7) and intraneural invasion (p < .001; HR = 5.9; 95% CI = 0.8–12.3) as independent prognostic markers for both overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS), but not of distant metastases.ConclusionAlthough perineural invasion has no impact on survival, intraneural invasion is an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Recognition of intraneural invasion may help optimize treatment of patients with head and neck ACC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1038–1045, 2015
Synthesis of a Benzannulated Pyrrolizidine by a Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular α‐Arylation Reaction
Authors: Magalhaes Araujo Flavia , Martins Ventura Wellington , Guy Taylor Jason 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA synthetic route to the pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole ring system (benzannulated pyrrolizidine) involving a base‐induced intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction as the key CN bond‐forming penultimate step, followed by a Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation reaction, to provide the tricyclic framework over six steps is described.
Gelatin Protein‐Mediated Direct Aldol Reaction
Authors: Kühbeck Dennis , Bachl Jürgen , Schön Eva‐Maria , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGelatin protein was found to catalyze the aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and different aromatic aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The aldol additions carried out in DMSO at 37° yielded the addition products with moderate diastereoselectivities favoring the syn isomers. Appropriate control experiments demonstrated the activity of the protein in the aldol reaction. The kinetic study of the model reaction between 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone established a first‐order rate constant k=(7.4±0.5)×10−3 h−1. Moreover, the scale‐up of the process was successfully achieved at 1‐g scale in a yield comparable to that in small scale.
Reaction of Isonitriles with Dibenzoylacetylene Leading to Furan and Difuropyran Derivatives
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Feizi Shahzad , Shahzad Shirazi Maryam , Zhu Long‐Guan , Reza Bijanzadeh Hamid 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA mixture of an isocyanide and dibenzoylacetylene in dry CH2Cl2 undergoes a smooth addition reaction at ambient temperature to furnish 3‐[5‐(alkylimino)‐3,4‐dibenzoyl‐2‐phenylfuran‐2(2H)‐yl]‐ 1‐phenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones (1 : 2 adduct) and {2,5‐bis(alkylimino)‐4,7,8a‐triphenyl‐5H‐difuro[2,3‐b:3′,4′‐e]pyran‐3(8aH)‐yl}(phenyl)methanones (2 : 2 adduct). Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses conclusively confirmed the structures of the adducts.
A Spectroscopic Study of Colchicine in the Solid State and in Solution by Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Virgili Albert , Quesada‐Moreno Ma Mar , Avilés‐Moreno Juan Ramón , López‐González Juan Jesús , Ángeles García M. , Claramunt Rosa M. , Torres M. Rosario , Jimeno M. Luisa , Reviriego Felipe , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough almost 200‐years‐old, several unknown aspects remain to be explored of colchicine, the unique available drug for acute flares of gout. In this article, we report density‐functional theory (DFT) studies of geometry, energy, and NMR; 1H‐, 13C‐, and 15N‐NMR chemical shifts and some spin‐spin coupling constants, including the complete analysis of the saturated part (ring B); the assignment of both enantiomers by NMR using a chiral solvating agent; solid‐state NMR experiments of the different forms of natural and racemic colchicine, and IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) studies of these same forms.
Concerted vs. Non‐Concerted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides to Electron‐Deficient Dialkyl 2,3‐Dicyanobut‐2‐enedioates
Authors: Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Konev Alexander S. , Virtsev Alexander A. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe quantum‐chemical calculations of the thermal ring opening of 1‐methyl‐2,3‐diphenyl‐ and 1,2,3‐triphenylaziridine with formation of the corresponding azomethine ylides of S‐, U‐, and W‐type as well as their cycloaddition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and dimethyl 2,3‐dicyanobut‐2‐enedioate, were performed at the DFT B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory with the PCM solvation model. The calculations are in complete accordance with experimental results and explain the switch from the concerted to the non‐concerted pathway depending on substituents in the dipolarophile and the ylide. It was found that strong electron‐withdrawing substituents in dipolarophiles, such as in dialkyl dicyanobutenedioates, significantly reduce the barrier for the formation of zwitterionic intermediates in the reaction of azomethine ylides with such dipoles. This can render the stepwise cycloaddition competitive with the concerted one. However, the concertedness of the cycloaddition even to dipolarophiles with several electron‐withdrawing substituents is governed by a fine balance of electronic and steric effects in both ylide and dipolarophile counterparts. The hypothesis that introduction of substituents in the azomethine ylide that destabilize the positive charge in a corresponding zwitterion will favor the concerted cycloaddition even with dialkyl dicyanobutenedioates was tested theoretically and experimentally.