bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of upflow velocity on performance and biofilm characteristics of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) in treating high-strength wastewater
Authors: Jaafari Jalil , Mesdaghinia Alireza , Nabizadeh Ramin , Hoseini Mohammad , kamani Hossein , Mahvi Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
One of the key parameters in Fluidized Bed reactors is the control of biofilm thickness and configuration. The effect of upflow velocity on performance and biofilm characteristics of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor was studied in treating Currant wastewater at various loading rates. The reactor used this study was made of a plexiglass column being 60 mm diameter, 140 cm height, and a volume of 3.95 L. The results demonstrated that the AFBR system is capable of handling an exceptionally high organic loading rate. At organic loading rates of 9.4 to 24.2 (kg COD m−3) at steady state, reactor performances with upflow velocities of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 (m min−1) were 89.3- 63.4, 96.9 – 79.6 and 95 – 73.4 percent, respectively. The average biomass concentration per unit volume of the AFBR (as gVSSatt L−1 expended bed) decreased with the increase of upflow velocity in the range of 0.5–1 m min–1 at all applied organic loading rates. The total biomass in the reactor increased with increases in the organic loading rate. The peak biomass concentration per unit volume (as gVSSatt L−1 expended bed) was observed at the bottom part of the reactor, then it droped off slowly towards the top. The biofilm thickness increased from the bottom to the top of the reactor representing a stratification of the media in the AFBR. The bed porosity increased from the bottom to the top of the reactor.
3D Visualization of thermal resistance and condensation problems using infrared thermography for building energy diagnostics
Authors: Ham Youngjib , Golparvar-Fard Mani 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
Building deteriorations instigated by material degradations or moisture intrusions are the primary causes for energy inefficiency in many existing buildings. For choosing appropriate retrofits, it is important to carefully diagnose and analyze building areas in need of improvements. In addition to reliable sensing and analysis of as-is energy performance, an intuitive recording and visualization of energy diagnostic outcomes are also critical to effectively illustrate the as-is building conditions to homeowners during retrofit decision-making processes.

Method
Toward this goal, this paper presents a thermography-based method to visualize the actual thermal resistance and condensation problems in 3D while taking static occlusions into account. First, several overlapping digital and thermal images are collected from the building areas under inspection. Using a computer vision method– consisting of image-based 3D point cloud and mesh modeling algorithmsactual 3D spatio-thermal actual 3D spatio-thermal models are generated where surface temperature can be queried at the level of 3D points. Based on the resulting 3D spatio-thermal models and by measuring the reflected and dew point temperatures, the actual R-values of building assemblies are calculated, and the condensation issues are analyzed. Taking static occlusions into account, (1) the distribution of the actual thermal resistance over each building assembly, (2) the detected building areas with condensation problems, and (3) the corresponding geometrical and thermal characteristics are jointly visualized within a 3D environment.

Results
To validate the method and investigate the perceived benefits, four experiments have been conducted in existing buildings. Surveys are also conducted by professional energy auditors. The proposed method provides 3D visual representation of the actual thermal resistance distributions and building areas associated with condensation issues at the level of 3D points across geometrical forms while taking static occlusions into account.

Conclusions
The experimental results and the feedback received from the professionals show the promise of the proposed method in facilitating systematic post-examination of building deteriorations and support retrofit decision-makings. Ultimately, converting surface temperature data obtained from an IR camera into 3D visualization of energy performance metrics and possible condensation problems enables practitioners to better understand the as-is building conditions.
Producing pore pressure profiles based on theoretical models in undrilled, deepwater frontier basins
Authors: Green Sam , O’Connor Stephen A. , Cameron Deric E. L. , Carter James E. , Goodman William , Heinemann Niklas , Edwards Alexander P. 
Published: November 2014

A working petroleum system was established on the shelf in offshore Labrador with the Bjarni H-81 discovery in 1973 in the Hopedale Basin. The same reservoirs as those targeted on the shelf are present in the deep water, which is currently receiving attention as the result of newly acquired seismic data. To date, only a very small number of wells have been drilled in the deep water, i.e., Blue H-28, Orphan Basin, and none off mainland Labrador. The wells that were drilled in the deep water had encountered significant overpressure, e.g., kicks that indicated overpressures of 26,850 kPa in the Mid-Cretaceous. Therefore, it was reasonable to assume that pore pressures be similarly high for any new deepwater prospects identified. To help reduce the risk in unexplored environments, we developed an approach that can be adopted to model pore pressure in deepwater settings, with Labrador as the main case study area featured, but also we discussed other global examples such as the Vøring Basin, Mid-Norway. Our results indicated, as a first approximation, that seismic velocity-based pore pressures in shale-rich intervals were similar to the geologic model down to the Lower Tertiary. Deep lithologies were, by regional analogue, likely affected by cementation that will act to preserve overpressure generated by disequilibrium compaction by reducing permeability but will not generate additional pore pressure. The cements (and any carbonate or volcanic lithologies) will, however, result in faster shales and will underpredict pore pressure by mimicking low porosity. A theoretical or “geologic modeling” approach can be used to sense-check any pore pressure interpretation from seismic velocity. The geologic approach also can be used to assess the risk for mechanical seal failure by allowing for estimates of the pore pressure, and related fracture pressure, to be made without the effects of cementation that affect the logs and seismic velocity data.
Export Performance of the Croatian Wood Industry and Its Contribution to the Overall Croatian Economy
Authors: Lovrinčević Željko , Buturac Goran , Mikulić Davor 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the contribution of the Croatian wood industry to the overall Croatian economy. The contribution is analyzed in terms of production, employment, and value added, using the input–output method for analysis. The objective of this article is to calculate multipliers for the wood industry in Croatia and benchmark them to the economies of similar European new member states. The model uses the so-called open model calculation, from which households are excluded. It comprises direct and indirect effects only, without induced effects, which is one of the distinguishing features of the so-called closed model. Results are benchmarked to other national economy sectors and similar transition economies. The wood industry output multiplier is the highest in Croatia and Poland. Domestic producers use various domestic and imported inputs in the production process. Input–output multipliers are calculated for both domestic and foreign demand (exports). Exports are profoundly important for Croatia as a small, open economy. Results of this research are useful to a wide range of policymakers and academics.
Immune-regulatory activity of methanolic extract of Acacia confusa heartwood and melanoxetin isolated from the extract
Authors: Ho Shang-Tse , Tung Yu-Tang , Wu Yu-Jung , Lin Chi-Chen , Wu Jyh-Horng 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antivirus, uric acid decreasing, and hepatoprotective activities of Acacia
confusa extracts were demonstrated in previous studies. However, there is no scientific evidence concerning the immune-regulatory activity of the heartwood extract of A. confusa. In this study, the effect of a methanolic heartwood extract (MHE) from A. confusa on dendritic cell (DC) activation and function was examined. A. confusa MHE significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs, and the effective concentration (25 μg ml-1) of A. confusa MHE did not affect cell viability. Additionally, the bioactive phytochemical from A. confusa MHE, melanoxetin, was isolated and purified by HPLC. This substance inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-12) in LPS-stimulated DC at a concentration of 12.5 μM. Moreover, the expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, and CD86 also remarkably decreased after treatment with melanoxetin at the same dose. These findings indicate that A. confusa MHE and melanoxetin have excellent immune-suppressive activity and may be potential candidates for further development of natural health supplements.
The potent inhibition of human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1A1 by 17α-ethinylestradiol is due to interactions with isoleucine 89 on loop 1
Authors: Rohn-Glowacki Katie Jo , Falany Charles N. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDI) with oral contraceptives containing 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) have been well characterized with regard to interactions with phase I drug metaolizing enzymes; however, DDI with EE2 and phase II enzymes have not been as thoroughly addressed. Our laboratory recently reported that in vitro EE2 potently inhibits human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 while EE2 was not sulfated until micromolar concentrations. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that Tyr169 and isoleucine 89 (Ile89) may play a role in the inhibitory and/or catalytic positioning of EE2 within the active site of SULT1A1. Therefore, the current study focused on determining the role of Ile89 in the inhibition of SULT1A1 utilizing site-directed mutagenesis. Ile89 was mutated to an alanine and the effect of the mutation was characterized using kinetic and binding assays. SULT1A1-Ile89Ala was found to have a Km for EE2 that was 11-fold greater than wild-type enzyme. A decreased affinity (Kd) of EE2 for SULT1A1-Ile89Ala was apparently responsible for the increase in Km, and also resulted in the loss of the potent inhibition. Molecular modeling was used in an attempt to determine the atomic level changes in binding of EE2 to SULT1A1-Ile89Ala. However, analysis of the effect of the single Ile89 mutation on both the open and closed homology models was not consistent with the docking and kinetic results. Overall, the mechanism of inhibition of EE2 for SULT1A1 is apparently the result of interactions of Ile89 with EE2 holding it in a potent inhibitory conformation, and mutation of the Ile89 significantly decreases the inhibition.
Wavelet De-noising of GNSS Based Bridge Health Monitoring Data
Authors: Ogundipe Oluropo , Lee Jae Kang , Roberts Gethin Wyn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGNSS signal multipath occurs when the GNSS signal reflects of objects in the antenna environment and arrives at the antenna via multiple paths. A bridge environment is one that is prone to multipath with the bridge structure, as well as passing vehicles providing static and dynamic sources of multipath. In this paper, the Wavelet Transform (WT) is applied to bridge data collected on the Machang cable stayed bridge in Korea. The WT algorithm was applied to the GNSS derived bridge defection data at the mid-span. Up to 41% improvement in RMS was observed afterwavelet shrinkage de-noisingwas applied.Application of this algorithm to the torsion data showed significant improvement with the residual average and RMS decreased by 40% and 45% respectively. This method enabled the generation of more accurate information for bridge health monitoring systems in terms of the analysis of frequency, mode shape and three dimensional defections.
Clitic production by Portuguese and Capeverdean children: omission in bilingualism
Authors: Costa João , Lobo Maria , Pratas Fernanda 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOmission of clitics is often considered a critical marker of language development in children. For this reason, clitic omission in language development has been studied crosslinguistically. Results on clitic production reveal that languages differ with respect to the rates at which clitics are omitted by children, as well as on the duration of the clitic omission stages. This paper compares clitic omission by monolingual and bilingual children acquiring European Portuguese – a language with both clitics and null objects – and Capeverdean Creole – a language with clitics in which null objects are ruled out. We show that omission is only found in monolingual Portuguese, and in bilingual Capeverdean. These results confirm earlier findings on the precocious sensitivity to the availability of null objects, and signal object drop as a critical distinguishing factor for differentiating bilinguals and monolinguals.
Ethical Aspects of Self-Forgiveness
Authors: Gamlund Espen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss some central ethical aspects of self-forgiveness. A first comparison is made between interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness. It would seem that self-forgiveness follows much of the same structure as interpersonal forgiveness, although with some exceptions. One noticeable difference is that with self-forgiveness, the forgiver and forgiven is one and the same person. The main ethical question discussed is when self-forgiveness is morally permissible. I argue that self-forgiveness is only morally permissible when the wrongdoer acknowledges wrongdoing and display genuine repentance. He must also, insofar as possible, ask the victim for forgiveness before contemplating self-forgiveness.
La representación de las enfermedades poco frecuentes en el discurso periodístico español. Propuestas para el análisis
Authors: Bañón Hernándezy Antonio M. , Requena Romero Samantha 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Las enfermedades raras (ER) o poco frecuentes (EPF) constituyen un tema muy complejo desde el punto de vista socio-sanitario y también desde el punto de vista comunicativo. Afectan a menos de 5 por 10.000 personas y suelen ser graves y crónicas. La mayor parte son de origen genético por lo que, con frecuencia, se manifiestan en la etapa infantil. Apenas un diez por ciento tiene tratamientos efectivos. Son pocos los estudios que han abordado el discurso sobre estas patologías. Las ER constituyen aún un tópico que podríamos denominar ‘emergente’ para los profesionales de los medios de comunicación. En este artículo vamos a analizar la representación de las enfermedades raras y de sus principales protagonistas en un corpus de 436 piezas informativas correspondientes a enero de 2014. Desde las premisas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, estudiaremos los aspectos más relevantes tanto desde el punto de vista macroestructural (temas abordados, enfermedades mencionadas y aparición de las mismas en titulares), como microestructural (argumentos y recursos retórico-discursivos).
Das Martyrium als imitatio Christi: Die literarische Gestaltung der spätantiken Märtyrerakten und -passionen nach der Passion Christi
Authors: Taveirne Maarten 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
From the beginning of Christianity, the martyrs have been deemed paragons of the ideal of imitatio Christi, their willingness to lose their life for Christ’s sake proving their perfect discipleship. This article examines how martyrdom is literarily framed as an imitation of the Passion of Christ within the Latin acta martyrum and passiones from the 4th to 6th centuries. After an outline of the imitation concept in the New Testament, several instances from those late antique stories reveal a literary technique to deepen the description of the martyrdom by means of inserting quotations from and allusions to the Passion into the martyr narrative. In this manner the martyrdom account relates to the Passion of Christ, and-to at least some extent-renews its model. Two early instances (the stoning of Stephen [Acts 6:8−7:60] and the Martyrium Polycarpi) demonstrate that such stylization is no late antique innovation but dates back to the era of the Apostolic Fathers. Observations in the late antique narrative show its continuing popularity, but also a restraint in identifying the martyrs too much with Christ. By limiting the references, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the hagiographers made sure that (even a partial) imitation of the Passion of Christ in no way would amount to rivalry with the suffering and crucifixion of Jesus.
The Use of Restrained Ring Test Method for Soil Desiccation Studies
Authors: Shannon B. , Kodikara J. , Rajeev P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Tensile failure in soils caused by desiccation cracking is of great importance in many geotechnical applications such as earth dam engineering, design of clay liners for waste contaminant systems, agricultural engineering, and environmental remediation. Currently, the majority of tests used for tensile strength measurement are based on external loading and few studies have measured soil tensile strength during the desiccation process. This study uses the restrained ring test as a method to determine the tensile strength in desiccating clay soils by isolating the initiation of a single crack. Four clay soils with varying shrink/swell potentials were tested and analyzed to predict their tensile strength during desiccation. Using image correlation or particle image velocimetry, information on shrinkage displacement and void ratio development were examined. An incremental non-linear elastic analytical model was used to explain the experimental behavior successfully.
Increased Prefrontal-Parietal EEG Gamma Band Correlation during Motor Imagery in Expert Video Game Players
Authors: Almanza Sepúlveda Mayra Linné , Llamas Alonso Julio , Guevara Miguel Angel , Hernández González Marisela 
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The aim of this study was to characterize the prefrontal-parietal EEG correlation in experienced video game players (VGPs) in relation to individuals with little or no video game experience (NVGPs) during a motor imagery condition for an action-type video game. The participants in both groups watched a first-person shooter (FPS) gameplay from Halo Reach during five minutes. None of the participants was notified as to the content of the video before watching it. Only the VGPs showed an increased right intrahemispheric prefrontal-parietal correlation (F4-P4) in the gamma band (31-50 Hz) during the observation of the gameplay. These data provide novel information on the participation of the gamma band during motor imagery for an action-type video game. It is probable that this higher degree of coupling between the prefrontal and parietalcortices could represent a characteristic pattern of brain functionality in VGPs as they make motor representations.
Anatomic and histologic features and ultrasonographic appearance of the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in cadaveric limbs from horses without lameness
Authors: Pohlin Friederike , Edinger Johannes , Jenner Florien , Egerbacher Monika 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe the anatomic and histologic features of the collateral ligaments (CLs) of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in cadaveric limbs obtained from nonlame horses and to compare the histologic findings with the ultrasonographic appearance of the CLs.
Sample—Medial and lateral CLs of the MCP and MTP joints of 28 limbs (16 forelimbs and 12 hind limbs) from 9 adult nonlame horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study.
Procedures—26 limbs of 8 horses were examined by ultrasonography immediately after euthanasia. Postmortem gross and histologic examinations were performed for all 28 limbs. Histologic and ultrasonographic images were graded and compared.
Results—Ultrasonographically, the mean ± SD depth and width of the superficial CL were 5.1 ± 0.7 mm and 20.5 ± 1.7 mm, respectively. On histologic examination, only 125 of 319 (39%) specimens obtained from 56 medial and lateral CLs appeared normal. Histopathologic findings varied from mild changes in cellular density and collagen fiber orientation to severe fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. The degree of CL lesion severity increased distally, and the lateral CL was affected more frequently than was the medial CL. Ultrasonographically detectable abnormalities were not correlated with the histologic findings.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, histologic abnormalities within the CLs of the MCP and MTP joints may be an adaptive response to joint hyperextension and compression and might predispose horses to desmopathy and ligament failure in the event of trauma. Ultrasonography did not detect morphologic changes of the CL matrix. For an accurate diagnosis of subclinical lesions, more sensitive imaging techniques (eg, MRI) should be considered.