bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendencia del Trauma en dos Hospitales Nivel IV en Cali, Colombia. Reporte Preliminar en la Plataforma del Registro de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma (SPT/RT)
Authors: Uribe Amadeus , Badiel Marisol , Tejada Jorge W , Loaiza Jhon Harry , Pino Luis Fernando , Aboutanos Michael 
Published: March 2013

RESUMEN

Introducción
El trauma es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el país más violento de América Latina, no hay sistemas de registro que permitan conocer las tendencias en la atención del trauma, desde el manejo prehospitalario hasta el estatus final. En Colombia, se tienen registros de mortalidad por entes estatales pero hay una deficiencia de sistemas de información que permita conocer la situación real de la atención del paciente con trauma.

Objetivo
Describir la epidemiología de la atención por trauma en los servicios de urgencias de dos hospitales de referencia en la ciudad de Cali.

Metodología
Entre 21 noviembre 2011 y 30 abril 2012 se implementó el piloto del Registro Internacional de Trauma de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma; la captura de la información se realiza en tiempo real. Incluye la información socio-demográfica, etiologia, severidad del trauma y estatus al egreso.

Resultados
Se registraron 5432 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue 30,2 (±20,3) años, el 67,5% fueron <35 años. Las principales causas de consulta fueron las caídas (38,1%), lesiones de tránsito (12,2%) y heridas por arma de fuego (8,5%). El 34,4% (n = 1,867) requirieron procedimientos quirúrgicos, se hospitalizaron 18,9% (n = 1,029). La mortalidad global fue del 2,6%, mayormente secundarias a heridas por arma de fuego 54,3% (76/140). La mortalidad según severidad para ISS<15 fue 0,3%(13/5183) y con ISS>15 fue 64,5% (89/138).

Conclusiones
La mayor causa de consulta fueron las caídas (38,1%), la mayor proporción de muertes fue secundaria a heridas por arma de fuego. La implementación de un registro de trauma permite conocer la realidad de la atención del trauma en los servicios de urgencias, logrando identificar debilidades en el sistema de trauma, permitiendo la generación de nuevas estrategias para mejorar la atención del trauma que se traduce en impactos en las políticas públicas y en la optimización de recursos al interior de los hospitales.

Objetivo
Describir la situación actual de las consultas por trauma a los servicios de urgencias de dos hospitales de referencia de la ciudad de Cali, que en los cuales se ha adelantado el programa piloto del registro de trauma de la sociedad Panamericana de trauma. Y mostrar que la mayor causa de consulta a los servicios de urgencias son las caídas en todas en todos los rangos de edad.
Trauma Hepático: Principais Características E Importância do Tratamento Conservador
Authors: Malutta Selen Socrepa , Neves Giana Caroline Strack , Schneider Laila Pereira , Pimentel Silvania Klug , Neto Antonio Brunetto 
Published: March 2013

RESUMO

Introdução
As lesões de fígado estão presentes em 8% dos traumas contusos. Pacientes com lesões hepáticas complexas são tratados cada vez mais conservadoramente. Mais de dois terços das lesões de alto grau requerem laparotomia, com ressecção hepática em até 5% e mortalidade de até 9%. O objetivo é caracterizar as condutas no trauma hepático em serviço de trauma, enfatizando a decisão por tratamento conservador ou não, resultados e quadro associado.

Desenho do estudo
Estudo retrospectivo com revisão de 50 prontuários de pacientes com trauma hepático no período de abril/2011 a abril/2012.

Resultados
Nesse grupo, 80% dos pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento não-operatório, e não foram observadas falhas nesse tratamento em até 72 horas. O tempo de internamento médio foi de 11,88 dias no tratamento não-operatório, e de 13,8 dias nos laparotomizados. Os mecanismos de trauma mais freqüentes foram acidentes de moto e queda de outro nível (ambos com 20%). O grau de lesão II foi o mais prevalente (40%). Nas laparotomias exploradoras, as lesões eram graus II ou III. Os pacientes do tratamento cirúrgico receberam transfusão de, em média, 2,6 mais hemocomponentes que o grupo não cirúrgico. 8% foram a óbito por causas associadas. Nos laparotomizados, optou-se por não tratar a lesão hepática em 20% (grau II).

Conclusão
Seguiu-se a tendência atual de tratamento majoritariamente conservador do trauma hepático, obtendo-se dados condizentes com a literatura indicativa que apenas 13% dos casos é operatório. Constatou-se uma taxa de 100% de sucesso no tratamento conservador, pois os óbitos ocorridos se deram devido à severidade das lesões extra-abdominais. A literatura mostra taxas de sucesso entre 85 e 95%. Notouse número significativo de lesões graus II e III tratadas com laparotomia, não sendo um padrão comum na literatura. Não foram relatadas complicações próprias do trauma hepático. O tratamento conservador diminuiu morbidade, tempo de internamento e necessidade de hemoderivados.
Pesadillas Trauma Abdominal: Solución FácilProblemas Complejos
Authors: Domínguez Saturnino , Quiodettis Martha 
Published: March 2013

RESUMEN

Introducción
Determinar la eficiencia del uso de parches de coloides en el control local de una fístula enteroatmosférica de alto gasto.

Materiales y métodos
Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 25 años que sufrió heridas múltiples por proyectil de arma de fuego en abdomen con lesiones de duodeno y colon. El paciente inicialmente se le realiza sutura primaria de las lesiones y presenta dehiscencia de suturas con peritonitis fecal y biliar con posterior fístula enteroatmosférica de alto gasto asociada a abdomen abierto que fue manejada con dispositivo de presión negativa, drenajes, lavados de cavidad abdominal y nutrición parenteral total (NPT), sin embargo luego de ocho semanas se evidencia un abdomen abierto grado IV sin mejoría significativa del gasto o el cierre de la fístula, con significativos problemas para el control local debido a que era imposible lograr sello o controlar las secreciones por lo cual se decide iniciar el uso de parches de coloide en reemplazo de la terapia con dispositivo a presión negativa como método para el control de la fístula.

Resultados
Después de 88 días con el uso de parches de coloides el paciente presenta epitelización del abdomen abierto con aumento en el tejido de granulación, corrección parcial del desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico y el estado nutricional mejorando de forma significativa, ya que se pudo iniciar nutrición enteral a través de asa de yeyuno. No se han presentado complicaciones asociadas a la utilización de los parches de coloides.

Conclusión
La utilización de parches de coloides como método alternativo ha demostrado ser una forma eficiente para el control local de la fístula enteroatmosférica, facilitando el manejo sin aumento en las complicaciones.
Manejo Quirurgico del Torax Inestable: Experiencia en la Fundación Valle del Lili
Authors: Calero Andrés Fernando Domínguez , D Carlos A Ordoñez 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTOEl tórax inestable es una entidad muy compleja con una gran morbi-mortalidad asociada, que tradicionalmente había sido de manejo medico. Presentar la experiencia del manejo quirúrgico del tórax inestable en la Fundación Valle del Lili en el 2011 y los buenos resultados que se han tenido con este. Durante el período de tiempo comprendido entre enero del 2011 a mayo de 2012 se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo para evaluar los desenlaces de los pacientes con tórax inestable que se presentaron en la unidad de urgencias de la Fundación Valle del Lili. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años que tuvieran un traumatismo cerrado o abierto de la pared del tórax, con dos o mas fracturas costales. El material de osteosíntesis usado en todos los pacientes fue STRATOS® de la casa MEDXPERT. Se operaron 10 pacientes, (dos mujeres) con edad promedio de 55 (33-68) años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 132 minutos. Solo 5 pacientes requirieron intubación prequirúrgica, y todos se extubaron en las 48 horas del postoperatorio. Estancia hospitalaria promedio de 10 días, la mejoría del dolor ocurrió en promedio en el día 3 postoperatorio excluyendo un paciente que por su estado neurológico no fue posible determinar ciertas variables; este fue el único que requirió traqueostomía. Hubo dos complicaciones respiratorias: Neumonía y oxígeno en casa. El tubo de tórax se dejó en promedio 5 días. Ningún paciente falleció como consecuencia del traumatismo ni de la cirugía. En este trabajo se muestra la experiencia inicial con el manejo quirúrgico evidenciando resultados favorables pero se requieren estudios con más poder para generalizar los resultados.
Light Emission in the Unipolar Regime of Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Roelofs W. S. Christian , Adriaans Willem H. , Janssen René A. J. , Kemerink Martijn , de Leeuw Dago M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLight emission from ambipolar organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is often observed when they are operated in the unipolar regime. This is unexpected, the light emission should be completely suppressed, because in the unipolar regime only one type of charge carrier is accumulated. Here, an electroluminescent diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer is investigated. Local potential measurements by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy reveal a recombination position that is unstable in time due to the presence of injection barriers. The electroluminescence and electrical transport have been numerically analyzed. It is shown that the counterintuitive unipolar light emission is quantitatively explained by injection of minority carriers into deep tail states of the semiconductor. The density of the injected minority carriers is small. Hence they are relatively immobile and they recombine close the contact with accumulated majority carriers. The unipolar light output is characterized by a constant efficiency independent of gate bias. It is argued that light emission from OFETs predominantly originates from the unipolar regime when the charge transport is injection limited.
Manipulating the Hysteresis in Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Dielectric Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Toward Memory Elements
Authors: Tsai Tzung‐Da , Chang Jer‐Wei , Wen Ten‐Chin , Guo Tzung‐Fang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe origins of hysteresis in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and its applications in organic memory devices is investigated. It is found that the orientations of the hydroxyl groups in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gate dielectrics are correlated with the hysteresis of transfer characteristics in pentacene‐based OFETs under the forward and backward scan. The applied gate bias partially aligns the orientations of the hydroxyl groups perpendicular to the substrate as characterized by reflective absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RA‐FTIR), in which the field‐induced surface dipoles at the pentacene/PVA interface trap charges and cause the hysteresis. Treating PVA with an anhydrous solvent eliminates the residual moisture in the dielectrics layer, allowing for more effective control of the induced dipoles by the applied gate bias. OFETs of dehydrated‐PVA dielectrics present a pronounced shift of the threshold voltage (ΔVTh) of 35.7 V in transfer characteristics, higher than that of 18.5 V for untreated devices and results in sufficient dynamic response for applications in memory elements. This work highlights the usage of non‐ferroelectric gate dielectrics to fabricate OFET memory elements by manipulating the molecular orientations in the dielectrics layer.
Flexible Films Derived from Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers Incorporated with Co3O4 Hollow Nanoparticles as Self‐Supported Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Fang , Yuan Changzhou , Zhu Jiajia , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiaogang , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFlexible porous films are prepared from electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) embedded with Co3O4 hollow nanoparticles (NPs) and are directly applied as self‐supported electrodes for high‐performance electrochemical capacitors. Uniform Co3O4 hollow NPs are well dispersed and/or embedded into each CNF with desirable electrical conductivity. These Co3O4‐CNFs intercross each other and form 3D hierarchical porous hybrid films. Benefiting from intriguing structural features, the unique binder‐free Co3O4 hollow NPs/CNF hybrid film electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance (SC), excellent rate capability and cycling stability. As an example, the flexible hybrid film with loading of 35.9 wt% Co3O4 delivers a SC of 556 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and 403 F g−1 even at a very high current density of 12 A g−1. Remarkably, almost no decay in SC is found after continuous charge/discharge cycling for 2000 cycles at 4 A g−1. This exceptional electrochemical performance makes such novel self‐supported Co3O4‐CNFs hybrid films attractive for high‐performance electrochemical capacitors.
A Core‐Shell Nanoporous Pt‐Cu Catalyst with Tunable Composition and High Catalytic Activity
Authors: Ge Xingbo , Chen Luyang , Kang Jianli , Fujita Takeshi , Hirata Akihiko , Zhang Wei , Jiang Jianhua , Chen Mingwei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractComposition‐controlled fabrication of bimetallic catalysts is of significance in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. A novel nanoporous Pt‐Cu bimetallic catalyst with a Pt skin and a Pt‐Cu core, fabricated by electrochemically dealloying a bulk Pt‐Cu binary alloy using a potential‐controlled approach, is reported. The Pt/Cu ratio of the dealloyed nanoporous catalyst can be readily adjusted in a wide composition range by only controlling dealloying potential. The electro‐catalytic performance of the nanoporous Pt‐Cu catalyst shows evident dependence on Pt/Cu ratio although the surfaces of all the nanoporous catalysts are characterized to be covered by pure Pt. With optimal compositions, the dealloyed nanoporous Pt‐Cu catalyst possesses enhanced electrocatalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction and formic acid oxidation in comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Hollow Shells: Toward an Efficient Photocatalyst
Authors: Joo Ji Bong , Lee Ilkeun , Dahl Michael , Moon Geon Dae , Zaera Francisco , Yin Yadong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTiO2 hollow shells with well‐controlled crystallinity, phase, and porosity are desirable in many applications. In photocatalysis in particular, they can provide high active surface area, reduced diffusion resistance, and improved accessibility to reactants. Here, the results from studies of the causes for the failure of a prior etching and calcination scheme to make such shells and on a newly‐developed simple yet robust process for producing uniform mesoporous TiO2 shells with precisely controllable crystallinity and phase are reported. The key finding is that base etching of the SiO2@TiO2 core‐shell particles leads to the formation of sodium titanate species, which, if not removed, promote substantial crystal growth during calcination and destroy the structural integrity of the TiO2 shells. A simple acid treatment of the base‐etched samples may convert the sodium titanates into protonated titanates, which not only prevent the formation of the impurity phases, but also help to maintain the structural integrity of the shell and allow precise control of the TiO2 phase and crystallinity. This new development affords convenient optimization of the structure of the hollow TiO2 shells toward efficient photocatalysts, which outperform the commercial P25‐TiO2 in the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dye molecules.
Mortality among shipbreaking workers in Taiwan—A retrospective cohort study from 1985 to 2008
Authors: Wu Wei‐Te , Lu Yao‐Hua , Lin Yu‐Jen , Yang Ya‐Hui , Shiue Huei‐Sheng , Hsu Jin‐Huei , Li Chung‐Yi , Yang Chun‐Yuh , Liou Saou‐Hsing , Wu Trong‐Neng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundShipbreaking workers are typically exposed to a wide range of hazardous chemicals. However, long‐term follow‐up studies of their mortality patterns are lacking. This study examined mortality among shipbreaking workers over a 24‐year follow‐up period.MethodsA total of 4,962 shipbreaking workers were recruited from the database of the Kaohsiung Shipbreaking Workers Union. The data were then linked to the Taiwan National Death Registry from 1985 to 2008. The mortality ratios—standardized for age and calendar years—(SMRs) for various causes of deaths were calculated with reference to the general population of Taiwan.ResultsAmong men workers, a statistically significant increased SMR was observed for all causes (SMR = 1.28), all cancers (SMR = 1.26; particularly noteworthy for lesions of oral and nasopharyngeal: SMR 2.03, liver: SMR 4.63, and lung: SMR 1.36), cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 1.32), and accidents (SMR = 1.91). A statistically significant increase in mortality was observed for respiratory system cancer (SMR = 1.87) and lung cancer (SMR = 1.91) among workers with a longer duration of employment (≥7 years). The result also showed that among shipbreaking workers who were still alive, two people had mesothelioma and 10 people have asbestosis.ConclusionsThose employed in shipbreaking industries experienced an increase in mortality from all causes. The increased SMR for lung cancer was probably related to asbestos, metals, and welding fume exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:701–708, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Promoting integrated approaches to reducing health inequities among low‐income workers: Applying a social ecological framework
Authors: Baron Sherry L. , Beard Sharon , Davis Letitia K. , Delp Linda , Forst Linda , Kidd‐Taylor Andrea , Liebman Amy K. , Linnan Laura , Punnett Laura , Welch Laura S. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundNearly one of every three workers in the United States is low‐income. Low‐income populations have a lower life expectancy and greater rates of chronic diseases compared to those with higher incomes. Low‐ income workers face hazards in their workplaces as well as in their communities. Developing integrated public health programs that address these combined health hazards, especially the interaction of occupational and non‐occupational risk factors, can promote greater health equity.MethodsWe apply a social‐ecological perspective in considering ways to improve the health of the low‐income working population through integrated health protection and health promotion programs initiated in four different settings: the worksite, state and local health departments, community health centers, and community‐based organizations.ResultsExamples of successful approaches to developing integrated programs are presented in each of these settings. These examples illustrate several complementary venues for public health programs that consider the complex interplay between work‐related and non work‐related factors, that integrate health protection with health promotion and that are delivered at multiple levels to improve health for low‐income workers.ConclusionsWhether at the workplace or in the community, employers, workers, labor and community advocates, in partnership with public health practitioners, can deliver comprehensive and integrated health protection and health promotion programs. Recommendations for improved research, training, and coordination among health departments, health practitioners, worksites and community organizations are proposed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:539–556, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short, fine and WHO asbestos fibers in the lungs of quebec workers with an asbestos‐related disease
Authors: Adib Georges , Labrèche France , De Guire Louise , Dion Chantal , Dufresne André 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe possible role of short asbestos fibers in the development of asbestos‐related diseases and availability of lung fiber burden data prompted this study on the relationships between fiber characteristics and asbestos‐related diseases among compensated workers.MethodsData collected between 1988 and 2007 for compensation purposes were used; lung asbestos fibers content of 123 Quebec workers are described according to socio‐demographic characteristics, job histories and diseases (asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer).ResultsMost workers (85%) presented chrysotile fibers in their lungs, and respectively 76%, 64%, and 43% had tremolite, amosite, and crocidolite. Half of the total fibers were short, 30% were thin fibers and 20% corresponded to the World Health Organization definition of fibers (length ≥ 5 μm, diameter ≥ 0.2 and <3 μm). Chrysotile fibers were still observed in the lungs of workers 30 years or more after last exposure.ConclusionOur findings stress the relevance of considering several dimensional criteria to characterize health risks associated with asbestos inhalation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1001–1014, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatal occupational injuries among U.S. law enforcement officers: A comparison of national surveillance systems
Authors: Tiesman Hope M. , Swedler David I. , Konda Srinivas , Pollack Keshia M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes and compares the three surveillance systems used to record occupational injury fatalities among U.S. law enforcement officers (LEOs).MethodsThe Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial Fund database (NLEOMF), and Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted reports (LEOKA) were examined for LEO deaths between 2003 and 2009. Fatality rates per 100,000 workers were calculated and compared.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2009, the NLEOMF reported 1,050 fatalities (rate of 16.4 per 100,000 workers), the CFOI reported 968 fatalities (15.1 per 100,000), and the LEOKA recorded 853 fatalities (13.3 per 100,000). The LEOKA under‐counted the number of fatalities compared to the NLEOMF and CFOI. Discrepancies were found between the LEOKA, NLEOMF, and CFOI regarding age, race, and Hispanic origin. Similar patterns for cause of fatality were found; however, the NLEOMF recorded a higher number of “other” fatalities compared to the other two systems.ConclusionsThis study fills a critical knowledge gap by providing an overview of the three surveillance systems used to enumerate LEO occupational deaths. Understanding the differences across the systems is critical when utilizing them for surveillance research. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:693–700, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.