bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of a nanocomposite starch–clay for slow‐release of herbicides: Evidence of synergistic effects between the biodegradable matrix and exfoliated clay on herbicide release control
Authors: Giroto Amanda S. , de Campos Adriana , Pereira Elaine I. , Cruz Camila C. T. , Marconcini José M. , Ribeiro Caue 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article a nanocomposite based on starch gel, a renewable polymer, and montmorillonite clay (MMT) is proposed as a host system for the slow‐delivery of a hydrophobic herbicide loaded in very high contents (50% in total weight), where the nanocomposite structure controls the release by imposing diffusional barriers to the active compound. The herbicide release rate in water showed that nanocomposites presented higher retentions than the neat samples (herbicide‐loaded starch or MMT), revealing a cooperative or synergic effect between the constituents. Biodegradation essays also revealed this cooperative behavior, showing longer biodegradation periods for the nanocomposite than the pristine materials. Also, a two‐step release was noticed, where the first step was controlled by starch (short periods) and the second was played by MMT (longer times). The nanocomposite structural analysis gave evidence that the release behavior is governed by the interaction between the constituents, even at very high herbicide contents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41188.
Preparation and release characteristics of dexamethasone acetate loaded organochlorine‐free poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles
Authors: Campos Izabella Maria Ferreira , Santos Thiago Melo , Cunha Gabriella Maria Fernandes , Silva Kláudia Maria Machado Neves , Domingues Rosana Zacarias , da Silva Cunha Júnior Armando , de Souza Figueiredo Kátia Cecília 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDexamethasone‐loaded poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) devices are commonly used as model systems for controlled release. In this study, PLGA nanoparticles containing dexamethasone acetate were prepared by a nanoprecipitation technique in the absence of organochlorine solvents and were characterized by their mean size, ζ potential, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry to develop a controlled release system. The analytical method for the quantification of dexamethasone acetate by high‐performance liquid chromatography was validated. The results show that it was possible to prepare particles at a nanometric size because the average diameter of the drug‐loaded PLGA particles was 540 ± 4 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.07 ± 0.01 and a ζ potential of −2.5 ± 0.3 mV. These values remained stable for at least 7 months. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 48%. In vitro tests showed that about 25% of the drug was released in 48 h. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41199.
Nonisothermal crystallization of highly‐filled polyolefin/calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Kloziński Arkadiusz , Jakubowska Paulina , Sterzyński Tomasz 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNonisothermal crystallization kinetics of highly‐filled polyolefin composites was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two types of commercial calcium carbonate based fillers (modified with stearic acid and nonmodified one) were used for our investigations. In order to evaluate the crystallization kinetics changes of composites, the Avrami theory modified by Jeziorny was used. Validity of mineral fillers modification with stearic acid has been proved by thermal analysis. Because of the suppression of the heterogeneous nucleation effect resulting from calcium carbonate with stearic acid modification, an increase in the processability of highly‐filled polyolefin cast films might occur. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41201.
Synthesis, polymerization, and properties of the allyl‐functional phthalonitrile
Authors: Zou Xingqiang , Xu Mingzhen , Jia Kun , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA novel bisphthalonitrile monomer containing allyl groups (DBPA‐Ph) had been synthesized via the reaction of diallyl bisphenol A (DBPA) and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. The chemical structure of DBPA‐Ph was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The curing behaviors and processability of DBPA‐Ph were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheological analysis. The monomer manifested a two‐stage thermal polymerization pattern. The first stage was attributed to the polymerization of allyl groups and the second to the ring‐form polymerization of cyano groups. The result of dynamic rheological analysis indicated the monomer had wide curing window and the self‐catalyzed curing behavior. DBPA‐Ph polymers were prepared from the thermal polymerization with short curing time, showing high glass transition temperature (>350°C) and attractive thermal decomposition temperature (>430°C). The outstanding glass transition temperature, desirable thermo‐oxidative stabilities, good processability and sound process conditions could provide more applications to the DBPA‐Ph polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41203.
Construction of Pendant‐Armed Schiff‐Base Macrocyclic Dinuclear Zinc Complexes and Their Selective Recognition of Acetate Ions
Authors: Zhang Kun , Jin Chao , Chen Hui‐Qing , Yin Gui , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo new flexible extended dialdehydes (H2hpdd and H2pdd) with different functional pendant arms (CH2CH2PhOH and CH2CH2Ph) have been synthesized and reacted with 1,2‐bis(2‐aminoethoxy)ethane to prepare Schiff‐base macrocyclic complexes in the presence of a ZnII‐ion template. As a result, two preorganized dinuclear ZnII intermediates (1 and 2), as well as two 42‐membered folded [2+2] macrocyclic dinuclear ZnII complexes (3 and 4), were produced. The central zinc ions in compounds 1–4 showed distinguishable coordination patterns with the dialdehydes and the [2+2] macrocyclic ligands, in which a subtle pH‐adjustment function of the two pendant arms (with or without the phenolic hydroxy group) was believed to play a vital role. Furthermore, cation‐ and anion‐recognition experiments for complexes 3 and 4 revealed that they could selectively recognize acetate ions by the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric complexes, as verified by changes in their UV/Vis and MS (ESI) spectra and even by the naked eye.
High‐yield production of apoplast‐directed human adenosine deaminase in transgenic tobacco BY‐2 cell suspensions
Authors: Singhabahu Sanjeewa , George John , Bringloe David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAdenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, where a deleterious mutation in the ADA gene of patients results in a dysfunctional immune system, is ultimately caused by an absence of ADA. Over the last 25 years the disease has been treated with PEG‐ADA, made from purified bovine ADA coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, it is thought that an enzyme replacement therapy protocol based on recombinant human ADA would probably be a more effective treatment. With this end in mind, a human ADA cDNA was inserted into plant expression vectors used to transform tobacco plant cell suspensions. Transgenic calli expressing constructs containing apoplast‐directing signals showed significantly higher levels of recombinant ADA expression than calli transformed with cytosolic constructs. The most significant ADA activities, however, were measured in the media of transgenic cell suspensions prepared from high expressing transformed calli: where incorporation of a signal for arabinogalactan addition to ADA led to a recombinant protein yield of approximately 16 mg L−1, a 336‐fold increase over ADA produced by cell suspensions transformed with a cytosolic construct.
Implications of silica on biorefineries – interactions with organic material and mineral elements in grasses
Authors: Le Duy M. , Sørensen Hanne R. , Knudsen Niels Ole , Meyer Anne S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBiorefineries aim to convert low value biomasses into high value products. The feedstock biomasses are often high‐silica agricultural waste products such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, or empty fruit bunches. This causes challenges, since silica is problematic in industrial processes, where it forms water‐insoluble precipitates that are hard to remove, block filtration systems, and cause instrumental defects.In this paper we review various industries that experience issues with silica. These include paper pulping and waste‐water treatment, where they try to solve their problems with silica in different ways. High pH and co‐precipitation with mineral elements are some common ways of alleviating silica problems. Reviewing the literature for the fundamentals of silica revealed a complex chemistry that is not yet fully understood. Much is still to be learned about the interactions between silica and organic material as well as the mechanisms of silica precipitation and dissolution. Understanding the fundamental and complex chemistry of silica might help developing better solutions than those existing today, allowing efficient use of high silica biomasses in biorefineries. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A rhodamine‐based fluorescent probe for Cu(II) determination in aqueous solution
Authors: Mao Jie , Cheng Junhua , Wang Xuchun , Wang Shui , Cheng Nianshou , Wang Junfeng 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAn ‘off–on’ rhodamine‐based fluorescence probe for the selective detection of Cu(II) has been designed, exploiting the guest‐induced structure transform mechanism. This system shows a sharp Cu(II)‐selective fluorescence enhancement response in an aqueous system under physiological pH, and possesses high selectivity against a background of environmentally and biologically relevant metal ions. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity enhancement of this system is linearly proportional to the Cu(II) concentration from 50 nM to 6.0 μM with a detection limit of 29 nM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term outcome after parathyroidectomy for lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Norlén O , Sidhu S , Sywak M , Delbridge L 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The accepted management of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LiHPT) is open four-gland parathyroid exploration (OPTX). This approach has recently been the subject of controversy. A recent study has shown very high long-term recurrence rates after OPTX, whereas some have promoted unilateral focused parathyroidectomy as appropriate management. The aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes after surgery for LiHPT and to assess the accuracy of preoperative imaging.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study that comprised all patients undergoing initial surgery for LiHPT between 1990 and 2013. The cumulative recurrence rate was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The sensitivity and specificity of sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging for identification of single-gland versus multigland disease was investigated using intraoperative assessment as reference.

Results
Of 48 patients, 45 had OPTX and three underwent focused parathyroidectomy. Multiglandular disease was documented in 27 patients and 21 had a single adenoma. The median follow-up was 5·9 (range 0·3–22) years and 16 patients died during follow-up. The 10-year cumulative recurrence rate was 16 (95 per cent confidence interval 2 to 29) per cent. No permanent complications occurred after primary surgery for LiHPT. Twenty-four patients had at least one preoperative ultrasound or sestamibi scan. For concordant sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound imaging, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying single-gland versus multigland disease was five of nine and five of eight respectively.

Conclusion
Surgery provided a safe and effective management option for patients with LiHPT in this series, with a long-term cure rate of well over 80 per cent.
Seven New Sesquiterpenoids from the Fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera
Authors: Tsai Yao‐Ching , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Lo I‐Wen , Cheng Ho‐Hsi , Lin Ching‐Jie , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Kuo Yuh‐Chi , Liou Shorong‐Shii , Huang Yi‐Zsau , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFractionation of the EtOH extract from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera resulted in the isolation of seven new sesquiterpenoids, 1–7, in addition to the known metabolites 8–23. Among them, schiscupatetralin A (1) possesses an unprecedented structure with a CC bond between cuparenol and tetralin. The isolated new compounds were evaluated for their anti‐HSV‐1 and anti‐inflammatory activities. The results revealed that compound 4 exhibited anti‐HSV‐1 activity, while compound 6 showed a significant anti‐inflammatory activity.
Electrophysiology Investigation of Trichogin GA IV Activity in Planar Lipid Membranes Reveals Ion Channels of Well‐Defined Size
Authors: Iftemi Sorana , De Zotti Marta , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio , Stella Lorenzo , Luchian Tudor 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTrichogin GA IV, an antimicrobial peptaibol, exerts its function by augmenting membrane permeability, but the molecular aspects of its pore‐forming mechanism are still debated. Several lines of evidence indicate a ‘barrel‐stave’ channel structure, similar to that of alamethicin, but the length of a trichogin helix is too short to span a normal bilayer. Herein, we present electrophysiology measurements in planar bilayers, showing that trichogin does form channels of a well‐defined size (R=4.2⋅109 Ω; corresponding at least to a trimeric aggregate) that span the membrane and allow ion diffusion, but do not exhibit voltage‐dependent rectification, unlike those of alamethicin.
Halogenated Metabolites Isolated from Penicillium citreonigrum
Authors: Yuan Wei‐Hua , Wei Zhi‐Wen , Dai Peng , Wu Hui , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Jiang Nan , Zheng Wei‐Fa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree chromone analogs, 1–3, a chlorinated alkaloid sclerotioramine (4), together with two 11‐noreremophilane‐type sesquiterpenes with a conjugated enolic OH group and a brominated one, 5 and 6, respectively, were isolated from Penicillium citreonigrum (HQ738282). Compounds 1, 5, and 6 were new. Biological tests revealed that 4 exhibited a significant activity (IC50 7.32 μg/ml), and 6 showed a moderate activity (IC50 16.31 μg/ml) in vitro against HepG2 cell line, and 4 also displayed an activity comparable to that of acarbose against α‐glucosidase.
New Isocoumarins from a Cold‐Adapted Fungal Strain Mucor sp. and Their Developmental Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Feng Chun‐Chi , Chen Guo‐Dong , Zhao Yan‐Qiu , Xin Sheng‐Chang , Li Song , Tang Jin‐Shan , Li Xiao‐Xia , Hu Dan , Liu Xing‐Zhong , Gao Hao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree new isocoumarin derivatives, mucorisocoumarins A–C (1–3, resp.), together with seven known compounds, 4–10, were isolated from the cold‐adapted fungal strain Mucor sp. (No. XJ07027‐5). The structures of the new compounds were identified by detailed IR, MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analyses. It was noteworthy that compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC, indicating that 1–7 should exist as enantiomers. In an embryonic developmental toxicity assay using a zebrafish model, compound 3 produced developmental abnormalities in the zebrafish embryos. This is the first report of isocoumarins with developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryos.
Three New and Other Limonoids from the Hexane Extract of Melia azedarach Fruits and Their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Pan Xin , Matsumoto Masahiro , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Kikuchi Takashi , Zhang Jie , Ukiya Motohiko , Suzuki Takashi , Koike Kazuo , Akihisa Rima , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA defatted fraction obtained from the hexane extract of the fruits of Melia azedarach L. (chinaberry tree; Meliaceae) exhibited cytotoxic activities against leukemia (HL60), lung (A549), stomach (AZ521), and breast (SK‐BR‐3) cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 2.9–21.9 μg/ml. Three new limonoids, 3‐deacetyl‐4′‐demethylsalannin (5), 3‐deacetyl‐28‐oxosalannin (14), and 1‐detigloylohchinolal (17), along with 16 known limonoids, 1–4, 6–13, 15, 16, 18, and 19, and one known triterpenoid, 20, were isolated from the fraction. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the four cancer cell lines mentioned above. 3‐Deacetyl‐4′‐demethyl‐28‐oxosalannin (16), which exhibited potent cytotoxicity against AZ521 (IC50 3.2 μM) cells, induced typical apoptotic cell death in AZ521 cells upon evaluation of the apoptosis‐inducing activity by flow cytometry. This work provided, furthermore, valuable information on the structural features of limonoids of the fruits and/or seeds of Melia azedarach and related Meliaceae plants, M. toosendan and Azadirachta indica.
Expression of ganglioside 9‐O acetyl GD3 in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
Authors: Azevedo‐Pereira Ricardo Luiz , Morrot Alexandre , Machado Gabriele Santos , Paredes Bruno Diaz , de Carvalho Rodrigues Deivid , de Carvalho Antonio Carlos Campos , Mendez‐Otero Rosalia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ES cells) express a transient and heterogeneous pattern of molecules, which suggests a notable mechanism to control self‐renewal avoid the differentiation into germ layers. We show that 9‐O‐acetyl GD3 (9OacGD3), a highly expressed b‐series ganglioside in neural stem (NS) cells, is expressed in undifferentiated mouse ES cells in a heterogeneous fashion. After sorting, undifferentiated 9OacGD3+ES cell population had higher levels of nestin and Sox2 mRNA than the 9OacGD3−cells. Even with elevated expression of these neural transcription factors, 9OacGD3+cells did not give rise to more neural progenitors than 9OacGD3−cells. Expression of 9OacGD3 was recovered from 9OacGD3−cell population, demonstrating that expression of this ganglioside in mouse embryonic stem cells is transient, and does not reflect cell fate. Our findings show that the ganglioside 9OacGD3 is expressed heterogeneously and transiently in ES cells, and this expression corresponds to higher levels of Sox2 and Nestin transcripts.
Leptin induces ADAMTS‐4, ADAMTS‐5, and ADAMTS‐9 genes expression by mitogen‐activated protein kinases and NF‐ĸB signaling pathways in human chondrocytes
Authors: Yaykasli Kursat Oguz , Hatipoglu Omer Faruk , Yaykasli Emine , Yildirim Kubra , Kaya Ertugrul , Ozsahin Mustafa , Uslu Mustafa , Gunduz Esra 
Published: July 2014

AbstractElucidation of the causes of inflammation has vital importance in the development of new approaches for the treatment of arthritic diseases. The degradation of aggrecan by upregulated disintegrin and metalloproteinase with trombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) is the key event in the development of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Increased levels of leptin in both RA and OA have been demonstrated, thus linking leptin to arthritic diseases, but the mechanism has not been clarified. This study investigated the putative role of signaling pathways (p38, JNK, MEK1, NF‐ĸB, and PI3) involved in leptin‐induced cartilage destruction. Normal human articular chondrocytes were cultured with recombinant human leptin at 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ng/mL doses for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, after which ADAMTS‐4, ‐5, and ‐9 genes expression were determined by real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western Blot methods. The signaling pathways involved in leptin‐induced ADAMTSs upregulation were also investigated by using inhibitors of signaling pathways. It was demonstrated that ADAMTSs expression level was peaked at 1000 ng/mL doses for 48 hours, and MAPKs (p38, JNK, and MEK) and NF‐ĸB signaling pathways involving in leptin triggered ADAMTSs upregulation. Obesity as a risk for RA and OA may contribute to the inflammation of both RA and OA diseases by secreting adipokines like leptin. We hypothesize that leptin is involved in the development of RA and OA accompanied with obesity by increasing ADAMTS‐4, ‐5, and ‐9 genes expression via MAPKs and NF‐ĸB signaling pathways.
Induced Chirality in a Metal–Organic Framework by Postsynthetic Modification for Highly Selective Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Demuynck Anneleen L. W. , Goesten Maarten G. , Ramos‐Fernandez Enrique V. , Dusselier Michiel , Vanderleyden Jozef , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge , Sels Bert F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA straightforward synthetic route to chiral metal–organic frameworks is proposed that relies on an acid–base interaction between an acid linker and a chiral primary amino acid derived diamine organocatalyst. High ee values for the aldol condensation of linear ketones and aromatic aldehydes are reported with this heterogeneous catalyst. Three consecutive catalyst reuse experiments demonstrated that the majority of the activity was preserved, as was the enantioselectivity.
Selective Conversion of Cellulose to Hydroxymethylfurfural in Polar Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Weingarten Ronen , Rodriguez‐Beuerman Alexandra , Cao Fei , Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Alonso David Martin , Dumesic James A. , Huber George W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein, we report a new reaction pathway to produce hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose under mild reaction conditions (140–190 °C; 5 mM H2SO4) in polar aprotic solvents (i.e. THF) without the presence of water. In this system, levoglucosan is the major decomposition product of cellulose, followed by dehydration to produce HMF. Glucose, levulinic acid, and formic acid are also produced as a result of side reactions with water, which is a by‐product of dehydration. The turnover frequency for cellulose conversion increases as the water content in the solvent decreases, with conversion rates in THF being more than twenty times higher than those in water. The highest HMF yield from cellulose was 44 % and the highest combined yield of HMF and levulinic from cellulose was 53 %, which are nearly comparable to yields obtained in ionic liquids or biphasic systems. Moreover, the use of a low boiling point solvent, such as THF, facilitates recovery of HMF in downstream processes.
Highly Efficient Chiral Resolution of dl‐Arginine by Cocrystal Formation Followed by Recrystallization under Preferential‐Enrichment Conditions
Authors: Iwama Sekai , Kuyama Kazunori , Mori Yuko , Manoj Kochunnoonny , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Suzuki Katsuaki , Hughes Colan E. , Williams P. Andrew , Harris Kenneth D. M. , Veesler Stéphane , Takahashi Hiroki , Tsue Hirohito , Tamura Rui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn excellent chiral symmetry‐breaking spontaneous enantiomeric resolution phenomenon, denoted preferential enrichment, was observed on recrystallization of the 1:1 cocrystal of dl‐arginine and fumaric acid, which is classified as a racemic compound crystal with a high eutectic ee value (>95 %), under non‐equilibrium crystallization conditions. On the basis of temperature‐controlled video microscopy and in situ time‐resolved solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the crystallization process, a new mechanism of phase transition that can induce preferential enrichment is proposed.