bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The unpredictable death”—The last year of life for patients with advanced COPD: Relatives' stories
Authors: Ek Kristina , Andershed Birgitta , Sahlberg-Blom Eva , Ternestedt Britt-Marie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:The end stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is described as prolonged, and the symptom burden for patients with COPD is often high. It progresses slowly over several years and can be punctuated by abrupt exacerbations that sometimes end in sudden death or a recovery of longer or shorter duration. This makes it difficult to identify the critical junctures in order to prognosticate the progress and time of death. Patients with COPD often express a fear that the dying process is going to be difficult. There is a fear that the dyspnea will worsen and lead to death by suffocation. The present article aimed to retrospectively describe the final year of life for patients with advanced COPD with a focus on death and dying from the perspective of relatives.Method:Interviews were conducted with the relatives of deceased family members who had advanced COPD. In total, 13 interviews were conducted and analyzed by means of content analysis.Result:All relatives described the patients as having had a peaceful death that did not correspond with the worry expressed earlier by both the patients and themselves. During the final week of life, two different patterns in the progress of the illness trajectory emerged: a temporary improvement where death was unexpected and a continued deterioration where death was inevitable.Significance of Results:The patients and their relatives lived with uncertainty up until the time of death. Little support for psychosocial and existential needs was available. It is essential for the nurse to create relationships with patients and relatives that enable them to talk about dying and death on their own terms.
Increasing microtubule acetylation rescues axonal transport and locomotor deficits caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations
Authors: Godena Vinay K. , Brookes-Hocking Nicholas , Moller Annekathrin , Shaw Gary , Oswald Matthew , Sancho Rosa M. , Miller Christopher C. J. , Whitworth Alexander J. , De Vos Kurt J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 is a multifunctional protein affecting many cellular processes and has been described to bind microtubules. Defective microtubule-based axonal transport is hypothesized to contribute to Parkinson’s disease, but whether LRRK2 mutations affect this process to mediate pathogenesis is not known. Here we find that LRRK2 containing pathogenic Roc-COR domain mutations (R1441C, Y1699C) preferentially associates with deacetylated microtubules, and inhibits axonal transport in primary neurons and in Drosophila, causing locomotor deficits in vivo. In vitro, increasing microtubule acetylation using deacetylase inhibitors or the tubulin acetylase αTAT1 prevents association of mutant LRRK2 with microtubules, and the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) restores axonal transport. In vivo knockdown of the deacetylases HDAC6 and Sirt2, or administration of TSA rescues both axonal transport and locomotor behavior. Thus, this study reveals a pathogenic mechanism and a potential intervention for Parkinson’s disease.
Motor contributions to the temporal precision of auditory attention
Authors: Morillon Benjamin , Schroeder Charles E. , Wyart Valentin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn temporal—or dynamic—attending theory, it is proposed that motor activity helps to synchronize temporal fluctuations of attention with the timing of events in a task-relevant stream, thus facilitating sensory selection. Here we develop a mechanistic behavioural account for this theory by asking human participants to track a slow reference beat, by noiseless finger pressing, while extracting auditory target tones delivered on-beat and interleaved with distractors. We find that overt rhythmic motor activity improves the segmentation of auditory information by enhancing sensitivity to target tones while actively suppressing distractor tones. This effect is triggered by cyclic fluctuations in sensory gain locked to individual motor acts, scales parametrically with the temporal predictability of sensory events and depends on the temporal alignment between motor and attention fluctuations. Together, these findings reveal how top-down influences associated with a rhythmic motor routine sharpen sensory representations, enacting auditory ‘active sensing’.
Relevance of LIG4 gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: Evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Shang , Shan Xiao-Feng , Shang Kun , Xu Hui , He Jing , Cai Zhi-Gang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPolymorphisms of LIG4 gene may influence DNA repair ability, thus altering the genetic stability and resulting in carcinogenesis. A growing number of studies have investigated the relevance of LIG4 T9I (rs1805388) and D501D (rs1805386) polymorphisms with cancer risk, however, the results are conflicting. To obtain a comprehensive conclusion, we searched relevant literatures from PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Embase databases on May 15, 2014 and performed a meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, a total of 17 articles were included. Of them, there were 15 studies with 5873 cases and 5771 controls for rs1805388 and 6 studies with 4161 cases and 4881 controls for rs1805386. Overall, our results suggested that there was no obvious relevance of LIG4 T9I polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. However, in subgroup analysis, we found the LIG4 T9I was associated with a slightly decreased cancer risk among Caucasians. As to the rs1805386, the genetic variant had no significant association with cancer risk. In conclusion, despite several limitations, this meta-analysis suggested that LIG4 T9I genetic variant is associated with a decreased risk of cancer among Caucasians, however, the rs1805386 gene polymorphism is not a risk factor of cancer.
Direct activation of RIP3/MLKL-dependent necrosis by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) protein ICP6 triggers host antiviral defense
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Yun , Liu Shan , Yu Xiaoliang , Li Lin , Shi Cuilin , He Wenhui , Li Jun , Xu Lei , Hu Zhilin , Yu Lu , Yang Zhongxu , Chen Qin , Ge Lin , Zhang Zili , Zhou Biqi , Jiang Xuejun , Chen She , He Sudan 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Receptor-interacting kinase-3 (RIP3) and its substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are now recognized as the core cellular regulators of programmed necrosis. Programmed necrosis is thought be involved in host defense against pathogens, but the mechanistic studies on the topic are still scarce. We discover that human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) triggers RIP3/MLKL-dependent necrosis in host cells. HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (ICP6) is found to be a direct activator of RIP3 and sufficient for triggering programmed necrosis. Mice lacking RIP3 exhibited severely impaired control of HSV-1 replication and pathogenesis. This study provides a clear case how host cells use programmed necrosis to mount an antiviral response.
The iron content and ferritin contribution in fresh, dried, and toasted nori, Pyropia yezoensis
Authors: Masuda Taro , Yamamoto Ami , Toyohara Haruhiko 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Iron is one of the essential trace elements for humans. In this study, the iron contents in fresh, dried, and toasted nori (Pyropia yezoensis) were analyzed. The mean iron content of fresh, dried, and toasted nori were 19.0, 22.6, and 26.2 mg/100 g (dry weight), respectively. These values were superior to other food of plant origin. Furthermore, most of the iron in nori was maintained during processing, such as washing, drying, and toasting. Then, the form of iron in fresh, dried, and toasted nori was analyzed. As a result, an iron storage protein ferritin contributed to iron storage in raw and dried nori, although the precise rate of its contribution is yet to be determined, while ferritin protein cage was degraded in the toasted nori. It is the first report that verified the ferritin contribution to iron storage in such edible macroalgae with commercial importance.
SNPsnap: a Web-based tool for identification and annotation of matched SNPs
Authors: Pers Tune H. , Timshel Pascal , Hirschhorn Joel N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Summary: An important computational step following genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is to assess whether disease or trait-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) enrich for particular biological annotations. SNP-based enrichment analysis needs to account for biases such as co-localization of GWAS signals to gene-dense and high linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions, and correlations of gene size, location and function. The SNPsnap Web server enables SNP-based enrichment analysis by providing matched sets of SNPs that can be used to calibrate background expectations. Specifically, SNPsnap efficiently identifies sets of randomly drawn SNPs that are matched to a set of query SNPs based on allele frequency, number of SNPs in LD, distance to nearest gene and gene density.
Availability and implementation: SNPsnap server is available at http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snpsnap/ .
Contact: joelh@broadinstitute.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Canaloplasty in Open-angle Glaucoma: Mid-term Results From a Multicenter Study
Authors: Brusini Paolo , Caramello Guido , Benedetti Stefano , Tosoni Claudia 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To present the mid-term results of a prospective multicenter study on canaloplasty surgery in chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 218 eyes from 197 patients with open-angle glaucoma under maximum tolerated medical therapy underwent canaloplasty within a time period of 42 months in 3 different Italian eye centers. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination every 6 months. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 42 months.

Results:
The entire procedure according to standard protocol could not be performed in 20 eyes (9.2%). A total of 198 eyes from 178 patients with a mean follow-up of 23.1±10.6 months were taken into consideration. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 28.4±7.5 mm Hg. The mean IOP at the 2-year follow-up was 15.9±4.7 mm Hg (range, 6 to 40 mm Hg; paired t test; P=0.0001), with a mean reduction from baseline of 44% (range, 11.1% to 82.8%). After 2 years of follow-up, a qualified success rate based on postoperative IOP≤21, ≤18, and ≤16 mm Hg was obtained in 82 (92.1%), 75 (84.3%), and 61 (68.5%) eyes, respectively; a complete success for an IOP≤21, ≤18, and ≤16 mm Hg was obtained in 63 (70.8%), 60 (67.4%), and 53 (59.5%) eyes, respectively. The number of medications used preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up was 3.2±0.9 and 1.1±1.3, respectively. The most frequently seen complications included: hyphema in 47 eyes (23.7%), Descemet membrane detachment in 11 eyes (5.5%), and IOP spikes >10 mm Hg in 12 cases (6.1%).

Conclusions:
Canaloplasty is a quite difficult surgical technique; however, mid-term results are promising. Complications can sometimes occur, but are seldom serious. The main advantage of this promising bleb-less procedure is that physiological humor aqueous outflow is restored.
Understanding Municipal Officials' Involvement in Transportation Policies Supportive of Walking and Bicycling
Authors: Zwald Marissa L. , Eyler Amy A. , Goins Karin Valentine , Brownson Ross C. , Schmid Thomas L. , Lemon Stephenie C. 
Published: October 2014

Context:
Local transportation policies can impact the built environment and physical activity. Municipal officials play a critical role in transportation policy and planning decisions, yet little is known about what influences their involvement.

Objective:
To describe municipal officials' involvement in transportation policies that were supportive of walking and bicycling and to examine individual- and job-related predictors of involvement in transportation policies among municipal officials.

Design:
A cross-sectional survey was administered online from June to July 2012 to municipal officials in 83 urban areas with a population of 50 000 or more residents across 8 states.

Participants:
A total of 461 municipal officials from public health, planning, transportation, public works, community and economic development, parks and recreation, city management, and municipal legislatures responded to the survey.

Main Outcome Measure:
Participation in the development, adoption, or implementation of a municipal transportation policy supportive of walking or bicycling.

Results:
Multivariate logistic regression analyses, conducted in September 2013, revealed that perceived importance of economic development and traffic congestion was positively associated with involvement in a municipal transportation policy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.70; OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.26-2.01, respectively). Higher perceived resident support of local government to address economic development was associated with an increased likelihood of participation in a transportation policy (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24-2.32). Respondents who perceived lack of collaboration as a barrier were less likely to be involved in a transportation policy (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97). Municipal officials who lived in the city or town in which they worked were significantly more likely to be involved in a transportation policy (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.05-3.17).

Conclusions:
Involvement in a local transportation policy by a municipal official was associated with greater perceived importance of economic development and traffic congestion in job responsibilities, greater perceived resident support of local government to address economic development, and residence of the municipal official. Lack of collaboration represented a barrier to local transportation policy participation.
Coping with career boundaries and boundary-crossing in the graduate labour market
Authors: Okay-Somerville Belgin , Scholarios Dora 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and role of career boundaries for enabling/constraining career self-management (CSM) for occupational boundary-crossing in the UK graduate labour market (GLM).Design/methodology/approach– The data are provided by career history interviews with 36 UK graduates. The analysis contrasts transitions for those who started careers in low-, intermediate-, and high-skilled segments of the labour market.Findings– Availability of development and progression opportunities were the most prominent career boundary experienced. Ease of boundary-crossing differed by career stage and educational background. Boundaries enabled CSM by acting as psychological/external push factors, but push factors only aided progression to high-skilled segments for a third of graduates who started careers in underemployment. For the rest, an adaptation of expectations to labour market realities was observed.Research limitations/implications– Although career history interviews limit generalisability, they contextualise boundaries and deepen understanding of career actors’ subjective experiences and responses.Practical implications– The study highlights the role of labour market and demand-side constraints for career transitions as well as proactive career behaviours. This has implications for career counsellors, employers, and individuals.Originality/value– This paper provides a distinctive “boundary-focused” analysis of emerging career boundaries in the GLM. The findings point to the intricate interplay between structure and agency for career development.
Continuous training, job satisfaction and gender
Authors: Burgard Claudia , Görlitz Katja 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between participation in further training courses and job satisfaction, focussing in particular on gender differences.Design/methodology/approach– Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), a Probit-adapted OLS (POLS) model is employed which allows to account for individual fixed effects. The analysis controls for a variety of socio-demographic, job and firm characteristics.Findings– The authors find a difference between males and females in the correlation between training and job satisfaction which is positive for males but insignificant for females. This difference becomes even more pronounced when applying individual fixed effects. To gain insights into the reasons for this difference, the authors further investigate training characteristics by gender. The authors find that financial support and career-orientation of courses only seems to matter for the job satisfaction of men but not for the satisfaction of women.Practical implications– In Germany, financial support and career-orientation of training courses only seem to matter for the job satisfaction of men but not for the satisfaction of women. This has important implications for the investment in and outcomes of these training endeavors from both, a participant and an employer perspective.Originality/value– This paper extends the existing literature in several ways. The authors use job satisfaction as an outcome of training which comprises non-pecuniary returns in addition to monetary returns. In addition, the authors point out gender differences and examine the heterogeneity of training courses by gender. This seems important since job satisfaction processes differ to a large extent by gender and since it is well-known that training participation also differs by gender. The panel structure of the data enables a methodological advancement in terms of accounting for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity which is likely to matter for the results.
Evaluating brief cognitive behavioural therapy within primary care
Authors: McHugh Patrick , Gordon Michael , Byrne Michael 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a brief CBT intervention within a primary care adult mental health service.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 92 participants with mild to moderate mental health difficulties were provided with five sessions of brief CBT. Clinical improvement was measured using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at pre-treatment, mid-treatment and post-treatment, and on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at pre-treatment and post-treatment.Findings– The planned five sessions of CBT were completed by 48.9 percent (n=45) of participants. Treatment completers with full clinical data (n=31) showed large statistically significant improvements on the CORE-OM and BDI-II from pre-therapy to post-therapy. Of treatment completers and non-completers with post-therapy and mid-therapy CORE-OM data, respectively (n=34), 61.8 percent showed reliable and clinically significant change. No statistically significant differences were found between treatment completers (n=45) and non-completers (n=47) in their pre-therapy clinical scores or socio-demographic characteristics.Practical implications– Brief CBT can be a clinically effective primary care intervention but needs to be implemented in a way that ensures high treatment engagement across a range of service users.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the evidence base of a primary care psychological intervention and demonstrates the importance of assessing treatment completion when evaluating clinical effectiveness.
Reorientation of three‐component borehole magnetic data
Authors: Virgil C. , Ehmann S. , Hördt A. , Leven M. , Steveling E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThree‐component borehole magnetics provide important additional information compared to total field or horizontal and vertical measurements. These data can be used for several tasks such as the localization of ferromagnetic objects, the determination of apparent polar wander curves and the computation of the magnetization of rock units. However, the crucial point in three‐component borehole magnetics is the reorientation of the measured data from the tool's frame to the geographic reference frame North, East and Downwards. For this purpose, our tool, the Göttinger Borehole Magnetometer, comprises three orthogonally aligned fibre optic gyros along with three fluxgate sensors. With these sensors, the vector of the magnetic field along with the tool rotation can be recorded continuously during the measurement. Using the high–precision gyro data, we can compute the vector of the magnetic anomaly with respect to the Earth's reference frame. Based on the comparison of several logs measured in the Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole (OKU R2500, Finland), the repeatability of the magnetic field vector is 0.8° in azimuthal direction, 0.08° in inclination and 71 nT in magnitude.
Contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness on plant invader success in experimental grassland communities
Authors: Li Shao‐peng , Guo Tao , Cadotte Marc W. , Chen Yong‐jian , Kuang Jia‐liang , Hua Zheng‐shuang , Zeng Yi , Song Ying , Liu Zheng , Shu Wen‐sheng , Li Jin‐tian 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Identifying the factors determining the success of invasive species is critical for management of biological invasions. Darwin's naturalization conundrum states that exotic species closely related to natives should be successful because of a shared affinity for local environmental conditions, but at the same time close relatives often compete more intensively, limiting ‘niche’ opportunities for the invaders. Previous studies have generally considered these two ‘opposing’ hypotheses as mutually exclusive, yet evidence for both of them abounds, indicating a practical dilemma for management of biological invasions.

In this study, we sowed the seeds of the invasive exotic Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. into 369 experimental plant communities to mimic an introduction of the exotics into a series of new habitats. We further linked the establishment and growth performance of the invader in these experimental communities to the phylogenetic relatedness between the invader and the community residents where it was introduced.

We found that the probability of invader establishment declined with increasing phylogenetic distance between the invader and residents, whereas the average size of surviving invader individuals increased with the phylogenetic distance.

These results can be at least partly explained by the observations that close relatives tend to create similar soil microhabitat through harbouring similar soil enzymes (e.g. alkaline and acid phosphatases) benefiting invader establishment and that intense competitive interactions between the invader and its close relatives suppressed exotic growth.

Synthesis and applications. This study presents the first experimental evidence that phylogenetic relatedness has contrasting effects on different aspects of invader success, thus shedding light on the long‐standing Darwin's naturalization conundrum. Moreover, our findings also have important implications for management of plant invasions: for controlling invasive species characterized by high establishment probability, native species distantly related to the invasive species can be planted in sites surrounding the invasion foci, whereas the opposite seems to be true for controlling those characterized by large individual size.