bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of convergent–divergent flow on thermal and crystallization properties of PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Yu Zhongwei , Zhang Guizhen , Yang Zhitao , Xu Baiping 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA melt‐mixing process based on convergent–divergent flow has been used to prepare PP/MWCNT composites with a self‐built convergent–divergent die (C‐D die) composed of different numbers of convergent plates. Dynamic extensional deformation was generated in the C‐D die, which improved the mixing effect and mixing efficiency of the composites during extrusion. The C‐D die acted as a mixer for composites when mounted onto a capillary rheometer. The residence time of PP/MWCNTs melt in the extensional flow field is adjusted by changing the numbers of convergent plates and the velocity of the ram. The intensity of extensional flow field is controlled by the structure of the convergent plate and the ram velocity. Influences of convergent–divergent flow on PP/MWCNTs composites were characterized in terms of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM results showed that MWCNTs disperse more homogeneously with the increase of convergent plates. DSC showed that the crystallinity of PP/MWCNTs composites increased and the crystallization temperature shifted to higher temperature with the increase of the numbers of the convergent plates. TGA showed that the thermal stability of composites improved remarkably. The decomposition temperature increases from 381 to 408.2°C when the numbers of convergent plates increased from 2 to 8. In addition, the increase of ram velocity also has the same influences on the dispersion of MWCNTs in the resin and the properties of PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42330.
The Evolution of Cash Transfers inIndonesia: Policy Transfer and National Adaptation
Authors: Kwon Huck‐ju , Kim Woo‐rim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCash transfers became a subject of international policy transfer, but the underlying policy process is far more complex than simple policy diffusion. In order to understand the development of cash transfers inIndonesia, it is necessary to examine the long‐term policy evolution in the context of national politics. This paper analyses the policy evolution of cash transfers in Indonesia, focusing on the policy decision process at the national level since theAsian economic crisis. It tracks three critical conjunctures of social protection for the poor in which Indonesia tried to adapt cash transfer schemes and institutional frameworks, and eventually consolidated the social protection system. Cash transfers have been adapted inIndonesia in keeping with the strong political motivations of top policymakers for popular support in the context of democratisation, but policy transfers of cash transfers provided an important impetus for the development of social protection system inIndonesia.
Age‐related Epstein–Barr virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer: a case report
Authors: Magalhaes Marco , Ghorab Zeina , Morneault Julien , Akinfolarin Josephine , Bradley Grace 
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe oral manifestations of EBV‐positive mucocutaneous ulcers have a worrisome clinical appearance but relatively benign clinical course, responding well to conservative treatment. Elderly patients who develop an unexplained, persistent ulcer of the oral mucosa should have the lesion examined for EBV.
Room Temperature Ring Expansion of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and BB Bond Cleavage of Diboron(4) Compounds
Authors: Pietsch Sabrina , Paul Ursula , Cade Ian A. , Ingleson Michael J. , Radius Udo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report the isolation and detailed structural characterization, by solid‐state and solution NMR spectroscopy, of the neutral mono‐ and bis‐NHC adducts of bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2). The bis‐NHC adduct undergoes thermally induced rearrangement, forming a six‐membered ‐BCNCC‐N‐heterocyclic ring via CN bond cleavage and ring expansion of the NHC, whereas the mono‐NHC adduct is stable. Bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron (B2neop2) is much more reactive than B2cat2 giving a ring expanded product at room temperature, demonstrating that ring expansion of NHCs can be a very facile process with significant implications for their use in catalysis.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Stable Patients Undergoing Pharmacological Stress Testing
Authors: Wongpraparut Nattawut , Piyophirapong Sudarat , Maneesai Adisak , Sribhen Kosit , Krittayaphong Rungroj , Pongakasira Rungtiwa , White Harvey D. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute changes in high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) are induced by myocardial ischemia during exercise stress testing, but there are no reports of pharmacological stress testing.HypothesisThe pattern of troponin release by myocardial ischemia–induced pharmacological stress testing differs according to the ischemic burden in stable patients.MethodsIn total, 250 patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent pharmacological stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The amount and degree of myocardial ischemia on MRI and ischemic outcomes at 6 months were determined. hs‐TnT levels were measured at baseline and 1 and 3 hours after testing. The 6‐month clinical outcome was prespecified.ResultsFifty‐one patients had moderate to severe myocardial ischemia (group A), and 199 patients had no or mild myocardial ischemia (group B). hs‐TnT levels were significantly higher in group A than B at baseline (11 vs 8 pg/mL, P = 0.016) and at 1 hour (12 vs 8 pg/mL, P = 0.009) and 3 hours after testing (12 vs 9 pg/mL, P = 0.012). Baseline hs‐TnT levels of ≥14 pg/mL showed a 43% sensitivity and 77% specificity in predicting moderate to severe ischemia by MRI (P = 0.03; area under the curve: 0.608, P = 0.017). Patients administered dobutamine had a higher acute change in hs‐TnT levels 3 hours after testing than did those administered adenosine (21 vs 0 pg/mL, P < 0.001). There was a trend toward a higher incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with baseline hs‐TnT levels of ≥14 pg/mL.Conclusionshs‐TnT levels are significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe than no or mild myocardial ischemia.
Prior high‐risk HPV testing and Pap test results for 427 invasive cervical cancers in China's largest CAP‐certified laboratory
Authors: Zheng Baowen , Li Zaibo , Griffith Christopher C. , Yan Shanshan , Chen Congde , Ding Xiangdong , Liang Xiaoman , Yang Huaitao , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDCervical cancer and its precursor lesions are caused by a persistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. hrHPV testing has been reported to have higher sensitivity than Papanicolaou (Pap) testing for the detection of cervical precursor lesions. However, limited data are available for prior human papillomavirus (HPV) testing results for patients later diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, especially in countries lacking a national cervical cancer screening program such as China. This study investigated prior hrHPV testing results for patients with invasive cervical cancer in China.METHODSCases with a histologic diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma were retrieved from Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics (the largest independent pathology laboratory in China); prior hrHPV and Pap test results obtained within the year before the cancer diagnosis were recorded.RESULTSHPV testing was negative in 7.5% of 427 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, including squamous cell carcinoma (5%) and adenocarcinoma (25%). In 155 cervical cancer cases with prior hrHPV and Pap testing, the negative rate for Pap testing was 1.9%, and the negative rate for HPV was 9.7%. Furthermore, when only cases of adenocarcinoma (n = 18) were examined, both the hrHPV‐negative rate and the Pap‐negative rate were higher at 33% and 5.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThese data demonstrate a considerable prior hrHPV‐negative rate and a lower prior Pap‐negative rate in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma (especially adenocarcinoma) from a population of women without access to an established screening program. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:428‐34. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Poor cell block adequacy rate for molecular testing improved with the addition of Diff‐Quik–stained smears: Need for better cell block processing
Authors: Harada Shuko , Agosto‐Arroyo Emmanuel , Levesque Jessica A. , Alston Evan , Janowski Karen M. , Coshatt Gina M. , Eltoum Isam A. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDIn the era of personalized medicine, requests for molecular testing of specimens obtained with minimally invasive procedures such as fine‐needle aspiration have been increasing. Although cell blocks (CBs) are the recommended specimens for molecular testing, their performance has not been well analyzed. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and types of samples deemed unsatisfactory for molecular testing (quantity not sufficient [QNS]).METHODSOne year after the implementation of careful monitoring of QNS cases, cases submitted for lung cancer molecular testing were analyzed for the QNS rate. When the cases were rejected for the inadequacy of CBs of cytology specimens, air‐dried, Diff‐Quik (DQ)–stained smears were reviewed and used if they were adequate. The QNS rates were compared across 4 specimen categories: large resection, small biopsy, CB alone, and CB with DQ smears.RESULTSOne hundred seventy‐six cases were studied, and 45 (25.6%) were unsatisfactory. Only 1 of 73 large resection specimens was rejected because of decalcification. The QNS rate for small biopsy specimens was 35.9% (28 of 78), whereas 64% (16 of 25) of cytology cases ordered on CBs were rejected. In combination with DQ smears, the QNS rate of cytology specimens was 32% (8 of 25), which was a significant improvement over CBs only (P = .024) and was not significantly different from the QNS rate for small biopsies (P = .671).CONCLUSIONSThe utilization of DQ‐stained smears for molecular testing improves the adequacy of cytologic samples and provides a minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy when molecular analysis of tumor material is necessary. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:480–7. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
High‐Indexed Pt3Fe Nanocatalysts and Their Enhanced Catalytic Performance in Dual Organic Reactions
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Lin Cuikun , Zhao Bo , Zhang Lihua , Kumbhar Amar , Fan Guangyin , Sun Kai , Zhang Jun , Chen Shuang , Fang Jiye 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals terminated with high‐index facets has received increasing attention due to the remarkable improvement in their catalytic performance. Introducing a transition metal to noble metals (bimetallic nanocrystals) could result in a reduced cost and potentially improve properties. Keeping in mind both of these advantages, we have developed a new synthetic approach to fabricate size‐controlled Pt3Fe concave nanocubes using a high‐temperature organic solution system containing oleylamine and oleic acid. It further demonstrates that the particle size and concavity could be controlled by a number of parameters such as the ratio of oleylamine and oleic acid, the physicochemical properties of the metal carbonyl, the metal valence in the precursor, and the ratio of metal precursors. Catalytic tests show that the high‐index‐surface‐terminated ≈12 nm Pt3Fe concave nanocubes exhibit superior performance in both the hydrogenation of styrene and reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in comparison with their counterparts.
A new anti‐collision protocol based on information of collided tags in RFID systems
Authors: Bagheri Nasour , Alenaby Parvin , Safkhani Masoumeh 
Published: May 2015

SummaryRadio frequency identification (RFID) technology has recently become an integral part of a wide range of applications. One of the challenges in RFID systems is the tag anti‐collision issue, for which several anti‐collision tag identification protocols have been proposed. This paper proposes a novel slotted ALOHA‐based RFID tag anti‐collision algorithm which can be employed for tag identification. The main idea of this algorithm is to use the information available in collision slots, called collided data, to identify tags uniquely. For this purpose, the collision slots that include only two tags are selected. Then, the non‐conflict bits in these slots are used to possibly identifying the tags.Because in the proposed algorithm readers use both single slots and also the collision slots for tag identification, the performance is increased significantly compared with other protocols.Results of the study indicate that in the proposed algorithm, the optimal frame size for an individual tag number is equal to the half of tags number and the efficiency of the proposed protocol is improved to about 73%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman Spectroscopy as a Superior Tool To Understand the Synthetic Pathway of Cu2FeSnS4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Yan Xiunan , Li Pan , Yang Liangbao , Yu Daoyang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe quaternary chalcogenide Cu2FeSnS4 is important and interesting owing to its many advantageous characteristics for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, such as a suitable direct band gap (1.0–1.5 eV), low toxicity, and a relatively high abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. To date, most of the reports on Cu2FeSnS4 have focused on the synthetic method and optical properties, and few studies have comprehensively and systematically reported the growth mechanism of Cu2FeSnS4 nanoparticles. Therefore, we have synthesized Cu2FeSnS4 nanocrystals by a simple hot‐injection method and performed detailed characterizations. Raman spectroscopy is a characterization tool to differentiate the mixed‐composition phases in the synthetic pathway of Cu2FeSnS4 nanocrystals, which cannot be efficiently distinguished by X‐ray diffraction. A possible synthesis mechanism for Cu2FeSnS4 has been proposed.
A Disk‐Like CoII3DyIII4 Coordination Cluster Exhibiting Single Molecule Magnet Behavior
Authors: Loukopoulos Edward , Berkoff Benjamin , Abdul‐Sada Alaa , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Escuer Albert , Kostakis George E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe employment of (E)‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylideneamino)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydropyrazol‐5‐one (HL) for the first time in 3d/4f chemistry, without any co‐ligand, provides access to a disk‐like heptanuclear CoII3DyIII4 coordination cluster displaying single molecule magnetism (SMM) behavior. The topology of this compound has hitherto not been observed in CoII/DyIII chemistry.
AuCl3– and AuCl3–Phenylacetylene‐Catalyzed Glycosylations by Using Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Roy Rashmi , Palanivel Ashok Kumar , Mallick Asadulla , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGlycosylations of armed and disarmed trichloroacetimidate‐based glycosyl donors were carried out by using the AuCl3–phenylacetylene relay catalyst system. The effectiveness of this catalytic system was also compared with that of using AuCl3 alone as a catalyst. Glycosylations with these catalysts proceeded efficiently at room temperature within 5–45 min. Excellent diastereoselectivity was obtained for the glycosylation of 2‐O‐acetyl‐protected disarmed glycosyl donors, whereas armed glycosyl trichloroacetimidates gave rise to a mixture of anomeric glycosides. Acid‐sensitive nucleophiles such as Fmoc‐serine tert‐butyl ester or Fmoc‐threonine tert‐butyl ester successfully underwent the glycosylations, albeit in moderate yields, under mild conditions at room temperature.
Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate‐mediated Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Taihong , Liu Yanfang , Yun Sining 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T2/T−) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini‐review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T‐mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt‐free CEs for the development of high‐performance and low‐cost DSSCs.
Impact of Changing Irrigation Patterns on Saltwater Dynamics of Soil in Farmlands and their Shelterbelts in the Irrigated Zone of Kalamiji Oasis
Authors: Zhao Xinfeng , Xu Hailiang , Zhang Peng , Bai Yuan , Zhang Qingqing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, the effects of large‐scale drip irrigation on the distribution of soil moisture and salt levels of farmlands (three cotton fields and one orchard) and their shelterbelts were investigated in Kalamiji Oasis in the lower reaches of Tarim River, north‐west China. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) in Kalamiji Oasis, the groundwater level declined at a rate of 0.5 m yr−1 as a result of the popularization of drip irrigation technology. Furthermore, the groundwater was shallower in non‐irrigation than in irrigation seasons, with an average decline of groundwater level of more than 1 m being observed during irrigation seasons. This indicates that farmers take up water from the groundwater for supplemental irrigation; (ii) the soil salinity in shelterbelts was significantly higher than that in farmland (p < 0.01). This indicates the role of biodrainage in the salt control process; (iii) under the present drip irrigation practice, and without expecting results of more detailed studies, it is recommended to implement flood irrigation probably once a year in order to preserve the shelterbelts and to stimulate salt leaching. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Drip‐ and Furrow‐Irrigated red Pepper Yield, Yield Components, Quality and net Profit Generation
Authors: Sezen S.Metin , Yazar Attila , Şengül Haydar , Baytorun Nafi , Daşgan Yildiz , Akyildiz Asiye , Tekin Servet , Onder Derya , Ağçam Erdal , Akhoundnejad Yelderem , Gügercin Özkan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and quality and net profit of processing red pepper irrigated with drip and furrow irrigation systems under field conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated over two years. The treatments for drip consist of full irrigation (DFI), deficit irrigation DDI‐75, D‐PRD‐50, DF‐PRD‐50 and DDI‐50, and for furrow: full irrigation (FFI), fixed alternative furrow (FAF‐50) and PRD furrow (FPRD‐50). FAF‐50 and FPRD‐50 received 50% of water applied to FFI. In FAF‐50 the same furrows were irrigated while FPRD‐50 was irrigated alternately. Irrigation methods and levels had a significant effect on total yield and some quality parameters of red pepper. Drip produced higher red pepper yields than furrow. The highest yield in the drip system was obtained from the DFI treatment followed by DDI‐75, DDI‐50 and DF‐PRD‐50 treatments. Although D‐PRD‐50, DF‐PRD‐50 and DDI‐50 received the same amount of water, D‐PRD‐50 resulted in a higher yield. In furrow treatments, FFI resulted in the highest yield, followed by FPRD‐50 and FAF‐50. Water productivity (WP) decreased with increasing water quantity for both irrigation systems. Fruit weight, size and flesh thickness were higher in the DFI and FFI treatments. Full irrigation treatments (DFI and FFI) generated the highest net income. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal denaturation behavior of collagen fibrils in wet and dry environment
Authors: Suwa Yosuke , Nam Kwangwoo , Ozeki Kazuhide , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio , Masuzawa Toru 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have developed a new minimally invasive technique––integrated low‐level energy adhesion technique (ILEAT)––which uses heat, pressure, and low‐frequency vibrations for binding living tissues. Because the adhesion mechanism of the living tissues is not fully understood, we investigated the effect of thermal energy on the collagen structure in living tissues using ILEAT. To study the effect of thermal energy and heating time on the structure of the collagen fibril, samples were divided in two categories–wet and dry. Further, atomic force microscopy was used to analyze the collagen fibril structure before and after heating. Results showed that collagen fibrils in water denatured after 1 minute at temperatures higher than 80°C, while partial denaturation was observed at temperatures of 80°C and a heating time of 1 min. Furthermore, complete denaturation was achieved after 90 min, suggesting that the denaturation rate is temperature and time dependent. Moreover, the collagen fibrils in dry condition maintained their native structure even after being heated to 120°C for 90 min in the absence of water, which specifically suppressed denaturation. However, partial denaturation of collagen fibrils could not be prevented, because this determines the adhesion between the collagen molecules, and stabilizes tissue bonding. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 538–545, 2016.
Investigation of structural resorption behavior of biphasic bioceramics with help of gravimetry, μCT, SEM, and XRD
Authors: de Wild Michael , Amacher Fabienne , Bradbury Christopher R. , Molenberg Aart 
Published: May 2015

AbstractResorbable bone substitute materials are widely used for bone augmentation after tumor resection, parallel to implant placement, or in critical size bone defects. In this study, the structural dissolution of a biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material with a hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) ratio of 60/40 was investigated by repeatedly placing porous blocks in EDTA solution at 37 °C. At several time points, the blocks were investigated by SEM, µCT, and gravimetry. It was found that always complete 2–3 µm sized grains were removed from the structure and that the β‐TCP is dissolved more rapidly. This selective dissolution of the β‐TCP grains was confirmed by XRD measurements. The blocks were eroded from the outside toward the center. The structure remained mechanically stable because the central part showed a delayed degradation and because the slower dissolving HA grains preserved the integrity of the structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 546–553, 2016.
Effect of modification degree of nanohydroxyapatite on biocompatibility and mechanical property of injectable poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based bone cement
Authors: Quan Changyun , Tang Yong , Liu Zhenzhen , Rao Minyu , Zhang Wei , Liang Peiqing , Wu Nan , Zhang Chao , Shen Huiyong , Jiang Qing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study is to prepare a biocompatible nanohydroxyapatite/poly(methyl methacrylate) (HA/PMMA) composite bone cement, which has good mechanical property and can be used for vertebroplasty. Up to 40 wt % of nanohydroxyapatite (nano‐HA) in the power, which was surface modified with poly(methylmethacrylate‐co‐γ‐methacryloxypropyl timethoxysilane) [P(MMA‐co‐MPS)] copolymer, was incorporated into the composite bone cement. The content of P(MMA‐co‐MPS) on the surface of nano‐HA (18.7%, 22.8%, and 26%) was determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of biomineralized surface of composite bone cement was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical measurements of the composite cements implied that the interfacial interaction between the HA and PMMA matrix may be greatly enhanced after surface modification of HA. Biochemical assays indicated that the HA/PMMA bone cement had no cytotoxicity and induced no hemolysis. The cell adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays indicated that the biocompatibility of HA/PMMA bone cement could be promoted, demonstrating that it can be used as an ideal weight‐bearing bone repair materials on clinical application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 576–584, 2016.