bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of country image on hypermarket patronage intention
Authors: Kan Gongjian , Cliquet Gérard , Puelles Gallo Maria 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural influences that country image has on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention in China and Spain.

Design/methodology/approach
– Structural equation modelling is utilised to examine the competency of the model in explaining both Spanish and Chinese consumers' intention to patronize major hypermarket brands in their own countries.

Findings
– This study has tested the applicability of TRA model in both the China case and the Spain case and confirmed the role of national culture in influencing retail patronage behaviour. In Spain, country image has a direct effect on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention while in China this effect is indirect. In deciding on their patronage behaviours, Spanish consumers tend to rely more on the experience attributes of a hypermarket store and are less likely to be affected by subjective norms. In contrast, Chinese consumers have stronger ethnocentric tendencies in hypermarket shopping behaviour than do Spanish consumers.

Research limitations/implications
– The coverage and components of the sample are limited. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of country image scale has not been tested thoroughly.

Practical implications
– Foreign hypermarket managers in China should attach special importance to enhancing the experience attributes of their stores and realize the important role of subjective norm in affecting consumers' retail patronage behaviour in collectivist cultures. In addition, multinational retailers in China need to forge a sound image of “corporate citizen” in order to diminish the negative impact of consumer ethnocentrism on their operations.

Originality/value
– This paper for the first time tests a model developed in western contexts to explain retailer patronage behaviour in an eastern country and examines the cultural differences of country image effects on this behaviour.
Are incremental changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours associated with improved employee health?
Authors: Jackson Cath , Lewis Kiara , Conner Mark , Lawton Rebecca , R.C. McEachan Rosemary 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The workplace offers an ideal setting for facilitating physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours. Understanding employees’ current health behaviours is required to inform appropriate, tailored, health promotion interventions. The purpose of this paper is to compare the physical activity and sedentary behaviours over 12 months of employees within and across five UK organisations. The paper also explores the association of these health behaviours with objective and self-reported health outcomes; and investigates the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
– Self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviours were recorded at four time points (baseline, three, six, 12 months). BMI, per cent body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure and resting heart rate were collected in health checks (baseline, 12 months). Well-being and health were collected via questionnaire.

Findings
– Low physical activity and high sedentariness were evident. Sitting levels varied by occupational role and organisation. More activity was associated with improved health outcomes; no association was evident for sedentary behaviour. No direct effects of occupational role or organisation on health outcomes emerged after accounting for physical activity/sedentary behaviours. Physical activity and sedentary levels were weakly associated.

Practical implications
– The low activity levels are of particular concern as linked to health outcomes for this sample. The weak association between behaviours suggests worksite interventions should target both behaviours.

Originality/value
– This study provides insight into both the physical activity and sedentary behaviours of employees of large UK employers across different occupational sectors over 12 months; importantly it is informed by the most recent guidance for these health behaviours.
Quality of online physical activity information for long-haul truck drivers
Authors: Gorczynski Paul , Patel Hiren 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Most long-haul truck drivers are physically inactive. Despite being identified as a source of health information, online physical activity and exercise information has not been evaluated for this population. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accessibility, accuracy, technical and theoretical quality, and readability of online physical activity, exercise, and sport information for long-haul truck drivers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A standardized protocol was followed to identify and evaluate web sites. Web sites were included in the review if they met the following criteria: first, presented information on physical activity, exercise, or sport; second, provided information for long-haul truck drivers; and finally, provided information in English. Each web site was evaluated independently by the two study authors. After evaluating the web sites independently, the authors then met to discuss each construct for each web site.

Findings
– Overall, 44 web sites were reviewed. Nine web sites provided information based on physical activity guidelines. Most web sites scored poorly on technical and theoretical quality. In total, 28 web sites provided information that was written above the recommended grade 8 reading level.

Research limitations/implications
– Research has shown that theoretically designed physical activity and exercise interventions are more successful than those with no theoretical underpinnings. Creating web sites or online applications using behavioral theory and improving the readability of online health information may help increase levels of physical activity and improve overall health for this population.

Originality/value
– No previous research has examined the quality of online physical activity, exercise, or sport information for long-haul truck drivers. This is the first study to examine how online health information for this population can be improved.
Factors influencing voting intentions for Egyptian parliament elections 2011
Authors: Abdel Rahman Farrag Dalia , Shamma Hamed 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This study measures to what extent different factors including Islamic religious beliefs influenced Egyptian's voting behavior intentions in the last parliament elections, given the moderating effect of the media and its role in shaping the existence of the Islamic political brand in Egypt. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative research was initially conducted to modify the Newman and Sheth model to fit the Egyptian culture. A final total of 401 Muslim citizens that participated in the last parliament elections were then surveyed via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.

Findings
– Most factors related to voting for a specific candidate or party seemed to be important for voters' in their decision making, specifically personal events related to the candidate, candidate's image, current events surrounding the elections process, interest in issues and policies and religious beliefs that was added by the authors to the model. The media also had a high level of importance and influence over the relationship between some of the factors affecting voter's decision and voter's behavioral intentions. Overall, citizens demonstrated approach voting behavioral intentions towards the elections process and indicated that they would actively participate in the upcoming elections. Pearson correlations and further analysis were also run to investigate the nature of relationships between the factors understudy and voting behavioral intentions; most of which had significant relationships, as well as the significant role of the media. Some factors were excluded after running stepwise regression for testing the fitness of the model proposed.

Research limitations/implications
– Study covering the capital city of Egypt; Cairo only.

Practical implications
– It has become important for politicians and governments to understand what are the genuine needs of their societies and what are citizens looking for in political candidates and parties. Political marketing and particularly understanding voting behavior is a booming area that has become an important tool for building political brands as witnessed by this research and how it was used by Islamists to reach voter's and affect their decision making.

Originality/value
– This research paper sheds the light on a very contemporary area related to political marketing which is political campaigning and factors affecting voters' intentions given the significant role of candidate's religious beliefs. Furthermore, focusing on the rise of Islamic political parties that are actively becoming important members of the political landscape in the Arab region after a long time of undercover practice and struggle with previous governments before the Arab spring events.
Islamic marketing as macromarketing
Authors: Kadirov Djavlonbek 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the article is to propose and develop a distinct perspective in Islamic marketing research through fusing the Islamic paradigm and the macromarketing theory.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual article that is based on intellectualising and reflecting on differences in understanding what marketing is and what role it plays in society.Findings– The article reveals some commonality of purpose between the macromarketing discipline and Islamic macromarketing, while the latter field of inquiry offers a unique outlook to a number of domain-specific issues.Research limitations/implications– The characterisation of Islamic macromarketing will open new avenues for future research and will make researchers more theoretically sensitive to ontological and epistemological assumptions that underlie marketing investigations. The limitation of the present discussion is that Islamic macromarketing may not have yet emerged as a separate discipline. Additionally, research on genuinely macromarketing issues in Islamic contexts is very sparse.Practical implications– Muslim practitioners and managers are to realise that the means and ends of marketing are better understood if viewed from a broader perspective of marketing's impact and consequences on society. By adopting the Islamic macromarketing perspective, public, societal institutions, business stakeholders, and managers will find a better platform to cooperate on maximising the realisation of hasanah (excellence) for all.Originality/value– This article contributes to the discipline by introducing and characterising a potentially new field of marketing inquiry.
Taking time for patience in organizations
Authors: R. Comer Debra , E. Sekerka Leslie 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– Patience is underestimated in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of patience and the individual and organizational benefits it confers. Then, the paper discuses emotional self-regulation and explain how two self-regulatory techniques can affect the patience of individuals in organizations.Design/methodology/approach– The paper considers religious, philosophical, and psychological perspectives on patience; and highlight the emotional underpinnings of patience.Findings– The paper argues that patience plays an important role in organizations and that individuals can use emotional self-regulation to enhance their patience. The paper offers two key points about the relationship between self-regulation strategies and patience: first, situation selection mitigates the need for patience and second cognitive reappraisal facilitates the execution of patient responses and the development of the virtue itself.Practical implications– The paper provides recommendations for increasing individuals’ patience in organizational settings.Originality/value– The virtue of patience has received scant research attention. This paper focusses on the importance of patience in the workplace and examines how emotional self-regulation can facilitate its activation.
An introduction to transfer pricing
Authors: Holtzman Yair , Nagel Paul 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce transfer pricing to a broader community of business leaders who might not be familiar with the importance of this concept. Transfer pricing is a term used to describe inter-company pricing arrangements relating to transactions between related business entities. These can include transfers of intellectual property, tangible goods, services, and loans or other financing transactions. Why is Transfer Pricing Important? The potential for US federal business tax reform and the rigorous pursuit of transfer pricing adjustments by foreign countries are among the top global tax concerns facing senior US tax professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
– General viewpoint based upon years of consulting work on the topic.

Findings
– The relevance and importance of transfer pricing is emphasized to a larger business community.

Practical implications
– This is an excellent introduction to the topic of transfer pricing.

Originality/value
– The paper is valuable in that it can be read and appreciated by a wide range of audiences.
Equality in the workplace: a study of gender issues in Indian organisations
Authors: Kaushik Neeraj , Sharma Anita , Kumar Kaushik Veerander 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– In developing countries like India, changing economic and social condition necessitated working of women irrespective of their religion, class or social status. But at the same time, it raised number of related issues like managing for family adjustment, working environment, etc. The purpose of this paper is to study gender issues like gender stereotype, gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the context of Indian environment.Design/methodology/approach– A structured questionnaire was developed to collect primary data from 500 firms in India. The data collected through questionnaire was coded and tabulated keeping in context with the objective of the study and was analysed by calculating frequencies, factor analysis and one way analysis of variance.Findings– Results elucidate seven job-related factors (infrastructure, HR functions, organisational climate, legal pursuit, empowerment, training and development and ethical concerns) and two individual factors (interpersonal and mindset) that are considered essential for women employees in Indian organisations. Analysis indicates that though age and level of management has no significant effect on these factors but male and female respondents differ significantly on their opinion regarding these issues.Research limitations/implications– The respondents in present study have been taken mainly from service sector, manufacturing sector and education sector, thus the study looks at only organised sector. The research work suffers from the usual limitations of survey research method.Practical implications– With women becoming an integral part of the workforce, managers must examine their reliance on stereotypical views concerning women. Gender is a socio-cultural phenomenon and organisations are a key aspect of a given culture. Organisational analysis needs to take into account the relationship between gender, gender stereotypes and organisational life.Originality/value– The paper studies gender issues of gender stereotype, gender discrimination and sexual harassment on a pan India basis covering various sectors and contribute to the subject from Indian perspective.
Importance and performance of managerial training in Indian companies – an empirical study
Authors: Sharma Harsh 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the importance and performance of managerial training in India among different industrial sectors in the light of asynchronous industrial growth in last two decades which has unevenly touched various business organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– For the purpose of analysis organizations are divided at two levels. At the first level, they are divided between multinational and Indian origin category and at the second level between service and manufacturing category. A 2×2 full factorial design with unequal numbers is used to analyze main as well as interaction impacts. A sample size of 542 is taken which comprises training professionals, top/general managers and trainee employees.

Findings
– Study concludes that Indian origin organizations fall short in terms of importance given and performance of training function compared to multinational companies. Further, it is found that service companies have an edge over manufacturing companies in terms of importance and performance of training.

Research limitations/implications
– Study is mainly focussed on large organizations in India and may not be representative of small organizations. The major implication is that Indian origin organizations as well as manufacturing organizations have to devote more time and financial resources to training to compete in the era of globalization.

Practical implications
– It is implied from the findings that a concerted effort by training professionals in Indian and manufacturing companies is required to improve the content as well as image of the training function to get the due attention and resources within the organization.

Originality/value
– The paper presents an original perspective on situation of training function in Indian organizations and will be of importance to training professionals and other stakeholders.
Improving unsustainable livelihood through marketing interventions
Authors: Banerjee Subhojit , Sharma Anuj 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe an initiative to improve the daily earnings of a rickshaw puller by training them to retail branded FMCG products based on a “bulk buying retail selling” model. The paper is based on the findings of a survey conducted 112 rickshaw pullers in a semi-urban district of eastern India. It also dwells on the business of rickshaw pulling and the socio-economic status of the rickshaw puller. Critical issues related to the sustainability and the future of such interventions on a large scale has also been discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
– An initial survey of 112 rickshaw pullers was done using a structured schedule that captured data related to age, literacy level, earnings per day, ownership and working hours. Some additional aspects related to socio-cultural aspects were also collected as an unstructured interview. A secondary survey from 107 respondents representing different sections of the society who frequently use rickshaw as a means for transport was also done to take an opinion on intervention issues.

Findings
– Findings of the paper suggest that rickshaw pullers have three distinct strategic advantages of literacy, access and mobility, which makes them a potent resource for marketing intervention.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper reflects on a systematic intervention plan that can change the socio-economic pattern of rickshaw pulling. A possibility of contributory roles from garage owners and wholesellers is also explored. The proposed scheme may also bail-out the small-scale industries and handicraft businesses in villages. Major limitations of the research are long-term sustainability and large-scale implementation of the proposed model.

Practical implications
– The paper can act as a manual for small entrepreneurs and NGOs working in the social-development area for implementing schemes targeted at rickshaw pullers. The paper also has valuable points for the consideration of policy makers.

Originality/value
– The research has given insights in to the livelihood aspect of one of the most essential but neglected modes of transport, i.e. rickshaw pulling. The paper has also identified key strengths that rickshaw pulling has, which otherwise is considered purely physical and low-skilled job.
Computing machinery and creativity: lessons learned from the Turing test
Authors: Peter Berrar Daniel , Schuster Alfons 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relevance and the appropriateness of Turing-style tests for computational creativity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Turing test is both a milestone and a stumbling block in artificial intelligence (AI). For more than half a century, the “grand goal of passing the test” has taught the authors many lessons. Here, the authors analyze the relevance of these lessons for computational creativity.

Findings
– Like the burgeoning AI, computational creativity concerns itself with fundamental questions such as “Can machines be creative?” It is indeed possible to frame such questions as empirical, Turing-style tests. However, such tests entail a number of intricate and possibly unsolvable problems, which might easily lead the authors into old and new blind alleys. The authors propose an outline of an alternative testing procedure that is fundamentally different from Turing-style tests. This new procedure focuses on the unfolding of creativity over time, and – unlike Turing-style tests – it is amenable to a more meaningful statistical testing.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper argues against Turing-style tests for computational creativity.

Practical implications
– This paper opens a new avenue for viable and more meaningful testing procedures.

Originality/value
– The novel contributions are: an analysis of seven lessons from the Turing test for computational creativity; an argumentation against Turing-style tests; and a proposal of a new testing procedure.
A comparative study of RIFCM with other related algorithms from their suitability in analysis of satellite images using other supporting techniques
Authors: Purushotham Swarnalatha , Tripathy Balakrishna 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a way to analyze satellite images using various clustering algorithms and refined bitplane methods with other supporting techniques to prove the superiority of RIFCM.

Design/methodology/approach
– A comparative study has been carried out using RIFCM with other related algorithms from their suitability in analysis of satellite images with other supporting techniques which segments the images for further process for the benefit of societal problems. Four images were selected dealing with hills, freshwater, freshwatervally and drought satellite images.

Findings
– The superiority of the proposed algorithm, RIFCM with refined bitplane towards other clustering techniques with other supporting methods clustering, has been found and as such the comparison, has been made by applying four metrics (Otsu (Max-Min), PSNR and RMSE (40%-60%-Min-Max), histogram analysis (Max-Max), DB index and D index (Max-Min)) and proved that the RIFCM algorithm with refined bitplane yielded robust results with efficient performance, reduction in the metrics and time complexity of depth computation of satellite images for further process of an image.

Practical implications
– For better clustering of satellite images like lands, hills, freshwater, freshwatervalley, drought, etc. of satellite images is an achievement.

Originality/value
– The existing system extends the novel framework to provide a more explicit way to analyze an image by removing distortions with refined bitplane slicing using the proposed algorithm of rough intuitionistic fuzzy c-means to show the superiority of RIFCM.