bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin polarization independent absorber with enhanced bandwidth by incorporating giusepe peano fractal in square ring
Authors: Kundu Debidas , Mohan Akhilesh , Chakraborty Ajoy 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents an ultrathin microwave metamaterial absorber consisting of a periodic array of square rings with Giusepe Peano fractal arms on one side, and a metallic ground on another side of a lossy dielectric layer. The rings with two different absorption peaks are multiplexed as 2×2 array in a unit cell on an effort to achieve wide band absorption of electromagnetic power. The absorber is polarization insensitive due to the four‐fold rotational symmetry of the structural unit. It behaves well for oblique incidence (up to 60°) of both the TM and TE polarized EM waves. It offers full width at half maxima absorption bandwidth of 7.5% (0.35 GHz) with respect to the center frequency (4.68 GHz). Design and simulations are performed in CST Microwave Studio. Low‐cost FR4 substrate is used for fabrication of the absorber. Experimentally demonstrated absorption performance at different angles and polarizations of incident EM waves shows good agreement with EM simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1072–1078, 2015
Assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from wireless power transfer system in the 1.8 MHz
Authors: Hong Seon‐Eui , Cho In‐Kui , Kwon Jong‐Hwa , Pack Jeong‐Ki 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we discuss human exposure to electromagnetic fields from magnetically coupled resonance wireless power transfer system operating at 1.8 MHz. A two‐step method that is composed of the finite element method (FEM) and finite‐difference time domain method are proposed. The applicability of the proposed two‐step method for a localized exposure within this frequency band is discussed by comparing the specific absorption rate (SAR) in a homogenous human‐body model computed using the FEM. From the computational results, the difference between the peaks 10‐g averaged SAR is below 10 %. These suggest results that the proposed method is applicable for evaluating compliance in realistic anatomical human body models from a wireless power transfer system. With proposed two‐step methods, the SAR in the anatomical human body model is computed for the different exposure scenarios under isolated and grounded conditions. The peak 10‐g averaged SAR in grounded human is larger than that in an isolated human. In the worst case, the peak 10‐g averaged SAR for isolated and grounded condition are 50.6 and 60.7 mW/kg, respectively. The peak 10‐g averaged SAR limits are generally reached when the input powers are 33 W for the worst‐exposure condition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1125–1129, 2015
X‐band substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter using novel defected ground structure cell
Authors: Li Xiang , Shao Zhenhai , You Chang Jiang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this letter, an X‐band wide stopband bandpass filter is presented, which combines substrate integrated waveguide with defected ground structure (DGS) cells. Three DGS cells, including a pair of face to face modified dumbbells embedded with E‐shape slots, are adopted to achieve bandpass performance. The wide stopband is implemented by loading low pass filter, which is designed using stepped impedance open stubs, at the input/output ports. To validate the methodology, a filter with center frequency of 8.55 GHz is designed and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones. The designed filter has an insertion loss of 1.45 dB, a return loss of 18.8 dB in passband, and a wide upper stopband of more than 30‐dB suppression up to 45 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1156–1160, 2015
5.5/7.5 GHz dual band‐notched monopole antenna for UWB systems
Authors: Ojaroudi S. , Ojaroudi Y. , Ojaroudi N. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new design of ultrawideband monopole antenna with multiresonance and dual band‐notched characteristics. The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch with a pair of step‐shaped slits, a feed‐line, and a modified ground plane with pair of rectangular slits and inverted coupled U‐shaped parasitic structure. In the presented design, by cutting two rectangular slits and also by embedding an inverted U‐shaped parasitic structure in the air gap distance, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band that the antenna provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 120% (3–13.7 GHz). To create a single band‐notched property, a pair of step‐shaped slits was cut at the square radiating patch. Finally, by converting the inverted U‐shaped parasitic structure to the W‐shaped structure, good dual band‐notched function is achieved. The measured results reveal that the presented monopole antenna offers a very wide bandwidth around of 5–6 and 7.25–7.75 GHz to suppress any interference from wireless local area network and downlink of X‐band satellite communication systems, respectively. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 × 18 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1168–1173, 2015
Characterization of terahertz antennas using photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging
Authors: Shams M. I. B. , Jiang Z. , Qayyum J. , Rahman S. M. , Xing H.G. , Hesler J. L. , Fay P. , Liu L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe report a novel approach for characterization of terahertz (THz) antennas using the photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging (PI‐CAI) technique. For a prototype demonstration, a WR‐1.5 (500–750 GHz) diagonal horn antenna has been fully characterized. The THz beam radiated from the antenna was imaged using the PI‐CAI technique at different distances from the antenna aperture. The measured beam profiles show near‐Gaussian shapes, with the expected propagation properties. The far‐field antenna radiation patterns were then extracted from the far‐field beam image and compared with conventional measurement results, theoretical calculation and full‐wave simulation. Finally, the antenna Gaussian coupling efficiency was calculated to be ∼83% based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) beam mapping technique. Antenna radiation parameters obtained using the above approach show good agreement with published literature and manufacturer datasheets, demonstrating the potential of the PI‐CAI approach for fast and accurate characterization of THz antennas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1180–1184, 2015
Optimization of dual resonance stacked patch resonator by neural hybridized bacteria foraging algorithm
Authors: Jain Satish K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe novel design strategy of a stacked patch resonator working within satellite (X‐Ku) frequency band, through Escherichia coli bacteria‐based optimization technique is introduced. The resonator structure consists of two patches on the two different dielectric sheets and separated by the air‐gap having flexible width. For the implementation of the traditional bacteria foraging optimization algorithm, a objective‐function was needed, which was constructed with the help of back propagation algorithm of artificial neural network. Artificial neural network helps in finding the dual resonance frequency and optimizer in synchronization with neural network provides design variables for the proposed resonator in response to the designer‐specified dual frequency. The response of the hybridized methodology is cross‐evaluated with the help of IE3D simulator and experimentally measured data in the microwave laboratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1191–1199, 2015
Dual‐band SICL branch‐line coupler
Authors: Wu Qi , Wang Haiming , Yu Chen , Zhang Xiaowei , Hong Wei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA dual‐band substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) 3‐dB branch‐line coupler and its compact realization are proposed in this letter. The SICL coupler with the compact structure shows a comparable performance and great size reduction compared with the conventional structure. The simulated and measured results match very well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1246–1249, 2015
Matrix pencil method for chirp ISAR imaging with near‐field measurements
Authors: Tulgar Okyanus , Ergin Ahmet Arif 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, an algorithm is introduced for the chirp inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging with near‐field measurements. This algorithm uses the matrix pencil method that facilitates computation of range profiles with super resolution. Furthermore, an ISAR imaging method is developed, yielding higher resolution than the pencil and convolution back‐projection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1237–1242, 2015
Median filtering‐based methods for static background extraction from surveillance video
Authors: Li Xinxin , Ng Michael K. , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe propose some computational methods for extracting static backgrounds from surveillance videos corrupted by noise, blur, or both. The new methods are constructed based on the fact that the matrix representation of a static background consists of identical columns; hence the idea of median filtering is embedded in these methods. These new methods significantly differ from existing methods originating from the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) in that no nuclear‐norm term is involved; thus the computation of singular value decomposition can be completely avoided when solving these new models iteratively. This is an important feature because usually the dimensionality of a surveillance video is large and so the involved singular value decomposition (which is inevitable for RPCA‐based models) is very expensive computationally. We show that these methods can be easily solved by well‐developed operator splitting methods in optimization literature such as the alternating direction method of multipliers. We compare the new methods with their RPCA‐based counterparts via testing some synthetic and real videos. Our numerical results show that compared with RPCA‐based models, these median filtering‐based vaiational models can extract more accurate backgrounds when the background in a surveillance video is static, and numerically, they can be solved much more efficiently. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilizer Reactions in Cast Double Base Rocket Propellants. Part IV: A Comparison of Some Potential Secondary Stabilizers for Use with the Primary Stabilizer 2‐Nitrodiphenylamine
Authors: Bellamy A.J. , Sammour M.H. , Bellerby J.M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReaktionen des Stabilisators in gegossenen Doublebase‐Treibladungspulvern. IV. Vergleich einiger potentieller Sekundär‐Stabilisatoren für die Anwendung mit dem Primär‐Stabilisator 2‐NitrodiphenylaminVersuche werden beschrieben in der Absicht, die Wirksamkeit des Sekundär‐Stabilisators p‐Nitro‐N‐methylanilin (pNMA) und der potentiellen Sekundär‐Stabilisatoren p‐Nitro‐N‐ethylanilin (pNEA), 4‐Nitrodiphenylamin (4NDPA) und Resorcin zu vergleichen bei der Reduzierung der Abbaugeschwindigkeit des Primär‐Stabilisators 2‐Nitrodiphenylamin (2NDPA) in nitroglycerinhaltiger Acetonitrillösung bei Alterung bei 75°C. Die HPLC‐Bestimmung der Stabilisatorkonzentrationen als Funktion der Zeit zeigt, daß 4NDPA am meisten wirksam ist und deshalb erfolgreicher eingesetzt werden könnte als Sekundär‐Stabilisator in Nitratester‐Treibstoffen als das meist verwendete p‐NMA.
A privacy‐preserving distance‐based incentive scheme in opportunistic VANETs
Authors: Song Jun , He ChunJiao , Yang Fan , Zhang HuanGuo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOpportunistic vehicular ad hoc networks have attracted enormous attention from both industry and academia in recent years. However, the presence of selfish behaviors of nodes could cause a severe threat to well designed opportunistic routing scheme, and even jeopardize the whole network. This paper presents a privacy‐preserving distance‐based incentive scheme, particularly to address issues of the nodes' selfish behavior and the location privacy. The proposed protocol adopts secure multiparty computation and homomorphic encryption methods to realize three properties, i.e., the confidentiality of nodes location information, the integrity of the message carried distance, and the correctness of reputation computation. Furthermore, this incentive scheme can satisfy the following security requirements, such as mutual authentication, non‐repudiation, and conditional privacy preservation, and it can also stimulate the active helpers and suppress harmful behaviors fairly and reasonably. The security analysis and performance evaluation show that the proposed framework is secure, efficient, and practical. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size control: the developmental physiology of body and organ size regulation
Authors: Gokhale Rewatee H. , Shingleton Alexander W. 
Published: March 2015

The developmental regulation of final body and organ size is fundamental to generating a functional and correctly proportioned adult. Research over the last two decades has identified a long list of genes and signaling pathways that, when perturbed, influence final body size. However, body and organ size are ultimately a characteristic of the whole organism, and how these myriad genes and pathways function within a physiological context to control size remains largely unknown. In this review, we first describe the major size‐regulatory signaling pathways: the Insulin/IGF‐, RAS/RAF/MAPK‐, TOR‐, Hippo‐, and JNK‐signaling pathways. We then explore what is known of how these pathways regulate five major aspects of size regulation: growth rate, growth duration, target size, negative growth and growth coordination. While this review is by no means exhaustive, our goal is to provide a conceptual framework for integrating the mechanisms of size control at a molecular‐genetic level with the mechanisms of size control at a physiological level. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:335–356. doi: 10.1002/wdev.181This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Comorbidity–Polypharmacy Score as Predictor of Outcomes in Older Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Validation Study
Authors: Mubang Ronnie N. , Stoltzfus Jill C. , Cohen Marissa S. , Hoey Brian A. , Stehly Christy D. , Evans David C. , Jones Christian , Papadimos Thomas J. , Grell Jennifer , Hoff William S. , Thomas Peter , Cipolla James , Stawicki Stanislaw P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionTraditional injury severity assessment is insufficient in estimating the morbidity and mortality risk for older (≥45 years) trauma patients. Commonly used tools involve complex calculations or tables, do not consider all comorbidities, and often rely on data that are not available early in the trauma patient’s hospitalization. The comorbidity–polypharmacy score (CPS), a sum of all pre‐injury medications and comorbidities, was found in previous studies to independently predict morbidity and mortality in this older patient population. However, these studies are limited by relatively small sample sizes. Consequently, we sought to validate previous research findings in a large, administrative dataset.MethodsA retrospective study of patients ages ≥45 years was performed using an administrative trauma database from St. Luke’s University Hospital’s Level I Trauma Center. The study period was from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. Abstracted data included patient demographics, injury mechanism and severity [injury characteristics and severity score (ISS)], Glasgow coma scale (GCS), hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay (HLOS and ILOS, respectively), morbidity, post‐discharge destination, and in‐hospital mortality. Univariate analyses were conducted with mortality, all‐cause morbidity, and discharge destination as primary end‐points. Variables reaching statistical significance (p ≤ 0.20) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance.ResultsA total of 5863 patient records were analyzed. Average patient age was 68.5 ± 15.3 years (52 % male, 89 % blunt mechanism, mean GCS 14.3). Mean HLOS and ILOS increased significantly with increasing CPS (p < 0.01). Independent predictors of mortality included age (AOR 1.05, p < 0.01), CPS (per‐unit AOR 1.08, p < 0.02), GCS (AOR 1.43 per‐unit decrease, p < 0.01), and ISS (per‐unit 1.08, p < 0.01). Independent predictors of all‐cause morbidity included age (AOR 1.02, p < 0.01), GCS (AOR per‐unit decrease 1.08, p < 0.01), ISS (per‐unit AOR 1.09, p < 0.01), and CPS (per‐unit AOR 1.04, p < 0.01). CPS did not independently predict need for discharge to a facility.ConclusionsThis study confirms that CPS is an independent predictor of all‐cause morbidity and mortality in older trauma patients. However, CPS was not independently associated with need for discharge to a facility. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the use of CPS as a predictive and interventional tool, with special focus on correlations between specific pre‐existing conditions, pharmacologic interactions, and morbidity/mortality patterns.
The Recording and Representation of Neolithic Engravings in the Déhus Passage Grave (Vale, Guernsey)
Authors: Cassen Serge , Grimaud Valentin , De Jersey Philip , Lescop Laurent 
Published: March 2015

In the course of making a digital record of a bow engraved on the lower face of a capstone in the Déhus passage grave, on Guernsey, several new motifs were observed, necessitating a reinterpretation of the composition as a whole.While the presence of a bow and two arrows is confirmed by photogrammetry and images obtained under directional lighting, the anthropomorphic figure can now be better defined, and compared to figures recently recognised in the Paris Basin. The presence of ‘hands’, however, cannot be confirmed, and these engravings may instead represent two horned animals in contact with two further motifs, one of which is certainly a throwing stick.
Evidence that the presence of psychosis in non-psychotic disorder is environment-dependent and mediated by severity of non-psychotic psychopathology
Authors: Guloksuz S. , van Nierop M. , Lieb R. , van Winkel R. , Wittchen H.-U. , van Os J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundEvidence suggests that in affective, non-psychotic disorders: (i) environmental exposures increase risk of subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) and strengthen connectivity between domains of affective and subthreshold psychotic psychopathology; and (ii) PEs are a marker of illness severity.MethodIn 3021 adolescents from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort, we tested whether the association between PEs and presence of DSM-IV mood disorder (MD)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) would be moderated by risk factors for psychosis (cannabis use, childhood trauma and urbanicity), using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) method. Furthermore, we analysed whether the interaction between environment and PEs was mediated by non-psychotic psychopathology.ResultsThe association between PEs and MD/OCD was moderated by urbanicity (ICR = 2.46, p = 0.005), cannabis use (ICR = 3.76, p = 0.010) and, suggestively, trauma (ICR = 1.91, p = 0.063). Exposure to more than one environmental risk factor increased the likelihood of co-expression of PEs in a dose–response fashion. Moderating effects of environmental exposures were largely mediated by the severity of general non-psychotic psychopathology (percentage explained 56–68%, all p < 0.001). Within individuals with MD/OCD, the association between PEs and help-seeking behaviour, as an index of severity, was moderated by trauma (ICR = 1.87, p = 0.009) and urbanicity (ICR = 1.48, p = 0.005), but not by cannabis use.ConclusionsIn non-psychotic disorder, environmental factors increase the likelihood of psychosis admixture and help-seeking behaviour through an increase in general psychopathology. The findings are compatible with a relational model of psychopathology in which more severe clinical states are the result of environment-induced disturbances spreading through a psychopathology network.
Urban chronicle writing in late medieval Flanders: the case of Bruges during the Flemish Revolt of 1482–1490
Authors: DEMETS LISA , DUMOLYN JAN 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:The absence of a ‘real’ urban chronicle tradition in fifteenth-century Flanders similar to the Italian or German models has raised questions among scholars. However, there is also no satisfactory consensus on the exact meaning or contents of medieval ‘urban historiography’. Some were ‘official’ city chronicles, while others lauded patrician lineages or took the viewpoint of specific social groups or corporate organizations and reinforced construction of the groups’ collective memories. Some seem to express the literary aspirations of individual city officials or clerics with strong connections to their towns. We propose an analytical framework to identify and measure the ‘urbanity’ of late medieval chronicles, taking into account the authorship and thematic emphasis of historiographical texts, but focusing on the social environment of their circulation and the ideological strategies at work.
Foreign Aid and Government Legitimacy
Authors: Dietrich Simone , Winters Matthew S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBranding of foreign aid may undermine government legitimacy in developing countries when citizens see social services being provided by external actors. We run a survey experiment on a sample of Indian respondents. All subjects learn about an HIV/AIDS program; treated subjects learn that it was foreign-funded. We find null results that, along with existing results in the literature obtained from observational data, call into question the view that foreign-funded service delivery interferes with the development of a fiscal contract between the state and its citizens.
Src-family protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylates WNK4 and modulates its inhibitory effect on KCNJ1 (ROMK)
Authors: Lin Dao-Hong , Yue Peng , Yarborough Orlando , Scholl Ute I. , Giebisch Gerhard , Lifton Richard P. , Rinehart Jesse , Wang Wen-Hui 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Genetic, biochemical, and animal model studies have implicated with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) in regulation of the balance between renal salt reabsorption and K secretion. It has been proposed that serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1)-induced phosphorylation of WNK4 plays an important role in switching from inhibiting KCNJ1 (ROMK) channels during volume depletion to promoting K secretion during increasing K intake. However, it is not understood why a high SGK1 level fails to stimulate ROMK channels during the volume depletion, whereas it increases ROMK channel activity and K secretion during high K intake. The present study provides insights into the mechanism illustrating how SFK-induced phosphorylation of WNK4 regulates ROMK to distinguish the physiologic response to hyperkalemia and volume depletion.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Decorum: Quintilian’s Reflections on Rhetorical Humor
Authors: Waisanen Don 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examines ancient Roman ideas about humor’s boundaries in public culture. In particular, I analyze book 6, chapter 3 of the Institutio Oratoria, which covers Quintilian’s reflections on the subject. Following Cicero, Quintilian engages the tensions between humor and decorum in his political context, using urbanitas to refine the former and to loosen the latter’s strictures. In this process, the use of urbanitas implicitly points readers toward factors that can make humor rhetorical. Quintilian thus answers Cicero’s question about the degree to which humor should be used and furthers inquiry into how much rhetorical humor can or should be taught.