bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Effects on Flow-Mediated Dilation (TINSAL-FMD)
Authors: Goldfine Allison B. , Buck J. Stewart , Desouza Cyrus , Fonseca Vivian , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Shoelson Steven E. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Creager Mark A. ,   for the TINSAL-FMD (Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Type 2 Diabetes–Flow-Mediated Dilation) Ancillary Study Team
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVETo test whether inhibiting inflammation with salsalate improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted an ancillary study to the National Institutes of Health–sponsored, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of salsalate in targeting inflammation to improve glycemia in patients with T2D. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months following randomization to either salsalate 3.5 g/day or placebo. The primary end point was change in FMD at 6 months.RESULTSA total of 88 participants were enrolled in the study, and data after randomization were available for 75. Patients in the treatment and control groups had similar ages (56 years), BMI (33 kg/m2), sex (64% male), ethnicity, current treatment, and baseline HbA1c (7.7% [61 mmol/mol]). In patients treated with salsalate versus placebo, HbA1c was reduced by 0.46% (5.0 mmol/mol; P &lt; 0.001), fasting glucose by 16.1 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.001), and white blood cell count by 430 cells/µL (P &lt; 0.02). There was no difference in the mean change in either FMD (0.70% [95% CI −0.86 to 2.25%]; P = 0.38) or NMD (−0.59% [95% CI −2.70 to 1.51%]; P = 0.57) between the groups treated with salsalate and placebo at 6 months. Total and LDL cholesterol were 11 and 16 mg/dL higher, respectively, and urinary albumin was 2.0 µg/mg creatinine higher in the patients treated with salsalate compared with those treated with placebo (all P &lt; 0.009).CONCLUSIONSSalsalate does not change FMD in peripheral conduit arteries in patients with T2D despite lowering HbA1c. This finding suggests that salsalate does not have an effect on vascular inflammation, inflammation does not cause endothelial dysfunction in T2D, or confounding effects of salsalate mitigate favorable effects on endothelial function.
The Association Between Dietary Flavonoid and Lignan Intakes and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations
Authors: Zamora-Ros Raul , Forouhi Nita G. , Sharp Stephen J. , González Carlos A. , Buijsse Brian , Guevara Marcela , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Amiano Pilar , Boeing Heiner , Bredsdorff Lea , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Fagherazzi Guy , Feskens Edith J. , Franks Paul W. , Grioni Sara , Katzke Verena , Key Timothy J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Kühn Tilman , Masala Giovanna , Mattiello Amalia , Molina-Montes Esther , Nilsson Peter M. , Overvad Kim , Perquier Florence , Quirós J. Ramón , Romieu Isabelle , Sacerdote Carlotta , Scalbert Augustin , Schulze Matthias , Slimani Nadia , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , Tjonneland Anne , Tormo Maria Jose , Tumino Rosario , van der A Daphne L. , Langenberg Claudia , Riboli Elio , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To study the association between dietary flavonoid and lignan intakes, and the risk of development of type 2 diabetes among European populations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-InterAct case-cohort study included 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a stratified subcohort of 16,154 participants from among 340,234 participants with 3.99 million person-years of follow-up in eight European countries. At baseline, country-specific validated dietary questionnaires were used. A flavonoid and lignan food composition database was developed from the Phenol-Explorer, the U.K. Food Standards Agency, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) from country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression models were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS
In multivariable models, a trend for an inverse association between total flavonoid intake and type 2 diabetes was observed (HR for the highest vs. the lowest quintile, 0.90 [95% CI 0.77–1.04]; P valuetrend = 0.040), but not with lignans (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.72–1.07]; P valuetrend = 0.119). Among flavonoid subclasses, flavonols (HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.69–0.95]; P valuetrend = 0.020) and flavanols (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.68–0.99]; P valuetrend = 0.012), including flavan-3-ol monomers (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.57–0.93]; P valuetrend = 0.029), were associated with a significantly reduced hazard of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Prospective findings in this large European cohort demonstrate inverse associations between flavonoids, particularly flavanols and flavonols, and incident type 2 diabetes. This suggests a potential protective role of eating a diet rich in flavonoids, a dietary pattern based on plant-based foods, in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Restoration of Self-Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Little Stuart A. , Walkinshaw Emma , Tan Horng Kai , Lubina-Solomon Alexandra , Kumareswaran Kavita , Lane Annette P. , Chadwick Thomas , Marshall Sally M. , Speight Jane , Flanagan Daniel , Heller Simon R. , Shaw James A.M. , Evans Mark L. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and defective counterregulation significantly increase severe hypoglycemia risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated restoration of IAH/defective counterregulation by a treatment strategy targeted at hypoglycemia avoidance in adults with T1D with IAH (Gold score ≥4) participating in the U.K.-based multicenter HypoCOMPaSS randomized controlled trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighteen subjects with T1D and IAH (mean ± SD age 50 ± 9 years, T1D duration 35 ± 10 years, HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.0% [65 ± 10.9 mmol/mol]) underwent stepped hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp studies before and after a 6-month intervention. The intervention comprised the HypoCOMPaSS education tool in all and randomized allocation, in a 2 × 2 factorial study design, to multiple daily insulin analog injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and conventional glucose monitoring or real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Symptoms, cognitive function, and counterregulatory hormones were measured at each glucose plateau (5.0, 3.8, 3.4, 2.8, and 2.4 mmol/L), with each step lasting 40 min with subjects kept blinded to their actual glucose value throughout clamp studies.

RESULTS
After intervention, glucose concentrations at which subjects first felt hypoglycemic increased (mean ± SE from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L, P = 0.02), and symptom and plasma metanephrine responses to hypoglycemia were higher (median area under curve for symptoms, 580 [interquartile range {IQR} 420–780] vs. 710 [460–1,260], P = 0.02; metanephrine, 2,412 [−3,026 to 7,279] vs. 5,180 [−771 to 11,513], P = 0.01). Glycemic threshold for deterioration of cognitive function measured by four-choice reaction time was unchanged, while the color-word Stroop test showed a degree of adaptation.

CONCLUSIONS
Even in long-standing T1D, IAH and defective counterregulation may be improved by a clinical strategy aimed at hypoglycemia avoidance.
HbA1c and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Horswell Ronald , Wang Yujie , Johnson Jolene , Hu Gang 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Clinical trials to date have not provided definitive evidence regarding the effects of glucose lowering with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively investigated the association of HbA1c at baseline and during follow-up with CHD risk among 17,510 African American and 12,592 white patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 7,258 incident CHD cases were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of CHD associated with different levels of HbA1c at baseline (&lt;6.0 [reference group], 6.0–6.9, 7.0–7.9, 8.0–8.9, 9.0–9.9, 10.0–10.9, and ≥11.0%) were 1.00, 1.07 (95% CI 0.97–1.18), 1.16 (1.04–1.31), 1.15 (1.01–1.32), 1.26 (1.09–1.45), 1.27 (1.09–1.48), and 1.24 (1.10–1.40) (P trend = 0.002) for African Americans and 1.00, 1.04 (0.94–1.14), 1.15 (1.03–1.28), 1.29 (1.13–1.46), 1.41 (1.22–1.62), 1.34 (1.14–1.57), and 1.44 (1.26–1.65) (P trend &lt;0.001) for white patients, respectively. The graded association of HbA1c during follow-up with CHD risk was observed among both African American and white diabetic patients (all P trend &lt;0.001). Each one percentage increase of HbA1c was associated with a greater increase in CHD risk in white versus African American diabetic patients. When stratified by sex, age, smoking status, use of glucose-lowering agents, and income, this graded association of HbA1c with CHD was still present.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study in a low-income population suggests a graded positive association between HbA1c at baseline and during follow-up with the risk of CHD among both African American and white diabetic patients with low socioeconomic status.
Practical Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Primary Care
Authors: Reid Timothy S. 
Published: October 2013

IN BRIEF
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist class of medications has distinct benefits and limitations that provide an opportunity to individualize the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Many strategies can be used to improve patient acceptance of and self-management with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Trace fossils from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland) and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation
Authors: Chrząstek Alina 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The following trace fossils have been recognised in the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Gorne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland): Archaeonassa fossulata, Balanoglossites triadicus, ?Gastrochaenolites isp., Lockeia isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., ?Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Planolites isp., ?Protovirgularia isp., Rhizocorallium commune var. auriforme, R. commune var. irregulare, R. jenense, Skolithos linearis, Thalassinoides suevicus and Trypanites weisei. Coprolites and an unidentified trace fossil A are also described. The trace fossils allow the discrimination of five ichnoassociations in the Raciborowice Gorne section: (IA 1) Rhizocorallium- Pholeus, (IA 2) Rhizocorallium-Palaeophycus, (IA 3) Thalassinoides, (IA 4) Trypanites-Balanoglossites and (IA 5) Planolites-Palaeophycus. The Lower Muschelkalk succession was deposited on a shallow carbonate ramp affected by frequent storms. Deposition commenced with sedimentation in a restricted lagoon on the inner ramp with a short episode of sabkha formation. It continued on the middle and outer ramp and then on a skeletal shoal of the outer ramp and in an open basin. Ichnoassociation IA 5 is related to a maximum transgression that commenced with the deposition of the Spiriferina Bed and which probably marked the opening of the Silesian-Moravian Gate. The basin underwent two shallowing episodes, as evidenced by ichnoassociations IA 3-IA 4, resulting in the formation of hardgrounds. Bathymetric changes in the Raciborowice Gorne section correspond well with a general transgressive trend in the Germanic Basin.
Radiocarbon ages of bones from Vistulian (Weichselian) cave deposits in Poland and their stratigraphy
Authors: Lorenc Michał 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Twenty-six bone samples from cave sediments mainly of Vistulian (Weichselian) age were radiocarbon (AMS) dated. The material comes from seven localities in the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland and in Podhale (southern Poland). These are: the Komarowa Cave, the Deszczowa Cave, the Upper Rock Shelter of the Deszczowa Cave, the cave in Dziadowa Skała, the Sąspowska Zachodnia Cave, the Mamutowa Cave and the Obłazowa Cave. The obtained radiocarbon ages of most of the samples differs from their stratigraphy as formerly proposed. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Also examined were the radiocarbon ages of bones from other caves in the study area. Most of the dated bones are shown to have come from relatively short time periods. The existing data on radiocarbon age of bones from Vistulian cave deposits of the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland and Podhale are summarized.
Fractional-order models of the supercapacitors in the form of RC ladder networks
Authors: Mitkowski W. , Skruch P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In the paper, mathematical models of the supercapacitors are investigated. The models are based on electrical circuits in the form of RC ladder networks. The elementary cell of the network may consist of resistances and capacitances that are connected in series or parallel. The dynamic behavior of the circuit is described using fractional-order differential equations and its properties are analyzed. The identification procedure with quadratic performance index is performed in time domain to identify the parameters of the supercapacitor models. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the results measured experimentally in the physical system. In addition, an example from the automotive industry is used for an experimental evaluation of the theoretical analysis and to present a perspective on the applicability of the approach for other industrial projects.
Study on carbon dioxide thermodynamic behavior for the purpose of shale rock fracturing
Authors: Niezgoda T. , Miedzińska D. , Małek E. , Kędzierski P. , Sławiński G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The possibility of using CO2 to fracturing a shale rock has been presented in the paper. The described innovative method which allows for the efficient extraction of shale gas and carbon dioxide storage in a shale rock was developed in Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science at the Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. Firstly, the method was verified on the base of analytical and experimental research. In the next stage of the method verification carbon dioxide thermodynamic behavior was studied. The growth in pressure of drop of CO2 heated in a closed volume was numerically tested. The research confirmed the efficiency of the use of carbon dioxide as a medium for fracturing of rocks. The usage of liquid CO2 can be alternative for hydraulic fracturing and is safe for the environment.
Particle swarm optimization of an iterative learning controller for the single-phase inverter with sinusoidal output voltage waveform
Authors: Ufnalski B. , Grzesiak L.M. , Gałkowski K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the application of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine iterative learning control (ILC) law gains for an inverter with an LC output filter. Available analytical tuning methods derived for a given type of ILC law are not very straightforward if additional performance requirements of the closed-loop system have to be met. These requirements usually concern the dynamics of a response to a reference signal, the dynamics of a disturbance rejection, the immunity against expected level of system and measurement noise, the robustness to anticipated variations of parameters, etc. An evolutionary optimization approach based on the swarm intelligence is proposed here. It is shown that in the case of the ILC applied to the LC filter, a cost function based on mean squares can produce satisfactory tuning effects. The efficacy of the procedure is illustrated by performing the optimization for various noise levels and various requested dynamics.
Dynamics simulation studies on the electric city car with an electromechanical differential and the rear wheels drive
Authors: Kozłowski M. , Choromański W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Here we present one of the more complex models for studying the stability of driving an electric car with electromechanical differential systems. The purpose of simulation is to choose a structure of the control system for a velocity control on driven wheels (an algorithm of a differential) most appropriate for the driver. This type of goal is particularly important in the case of a disabled driver sitting in a wheelchair. The modeling takes into account both the mechanical and electric structure of the vehicle, and finally the human element - a simple model of human impact on the steer by a wire system. Modeling and simulation have used MBS package (SimMechanics). The results of the simulation have showed the best algorithms of an electromechanical differential for the velocity control of rear drive wheels: with setting a velocity difference or with an average velocity controller in the point A of the centre of a car front axle.
Fixed final time and free final state optimal control problem for fractional dynamic systems – linear quadratic discrete-time case
Authors: Dzieliński A. , Czyronis P.M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The optimization problem for fractional discrete-time systems with a quadratic performance index has been formulated and solved. The case of fixed final time and a free final state has been considered. A method for numerical computation of optimization problems has been presented. The presented method is a generalization of the well-known method for discrete-time systems of integer order. The efficiency of the method has been demonstrated on numerical examples and illustrated by graphs. Graphs also show the differences between the fractional and classical (standard) systems theory. Results for other cases of the fractional system order (coefficient ) and not illustrated with numerical examples have been obtained through a computer algorithm written for this purpose.
Equivalent circuits for averaged description of DC-DC switch-mode power converters based on separation of variables approach
Authors: Janke W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Large-signal and small-signal averaged models of basic switch-mode DC-DC power converters: BUCK (step-down) and BOOST (step-up) are presented. Models are derived with the separation of variables approach and have the form of equivalent circuits, suitable for a circuit simulation. Apart from equivalent circuits, small-signal transmittances of converters for CCM and DCM modes are discussed. Parasitic resistances of all components of converters are taken into account. A few examples of simulations and measurement results of selected converter characteristics are also presented. It is shown, that neglecting parasitic resistances (often met in works of other authors) may lead to serious errors in an averaged description of converters.
Effects of internal and external attentional foci on motor skill learning: testing the automation hypothesis
Authors: Oliveira Thiago A.C. , Denardi Renata A. , Tani Go , Corrêa Umberto C. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThis study investigated if (1) the beneficial effects of an external focus of attention on learning a motor skill were influenced by an internal focus of attention provided at initial instruction (2) or by an internal focus of attention at the early stage of the acquisition phase and (3) their relation to the automation hypothesis.MethodsThree separate experiments were performed with 168 college students on the acquisition, transfer, and retention of a golf-putting task.ResultsIn conjunction, the results of the three experiments pointed to the positive effects of an internal attention of focus instructions followed by an external attentional focus on motor learning.ConclusionsThese results support the development of an alternative hypothesis on the effects of attentional focus on motor skill acquisition.
A Polish adaptation of Leadership Scale for Sports – a questionnaire examining coaching behavior
Authors: Wałach-Biśta Zuzanna 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThe main purpose of this study was the development of a Polish version of the scale developed by P. Chelladurai and S. Saleh for examining coaching behavior (the Leadership Scale for Sports; LSS).MethodsThe Polish version was constructed in two stages. In the first stage, the psychometric equivalence of the Polish translation was estimated by providing a Polish/English version of the questionnaire to a bilingual sample. Following verification of the psychometric properties of the experimental version and the adding of additional items to the scale, a second stage of analysis was performed using additional samples to assess the reliability and validity of the new scale. In total, 560 university physical education students, 180 athletes, and 75 coaches were recruited to participate in the study. The final version was deemed a reliable and valid reproduction of the LSS, consisting of 40 items representing five dimensions measuring coaching behavior.ResultsMeasures of reliability (internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability) as well as validity (exploratory factory analysis with principal component analysis) of the final version of the Polish adaptation of the Leadership Scale for Sports were found to be satisfactory. It was determined that the Polish adaptation of the LSS is characterized by good psychometric properties and can be widely used in the sports environment.ConclusionsThe Polish adaptation of the LSS reflects the five-factor structure of the original scale, closely reproducing the dimensions of training and instruction, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback. It can be used both for the measurement athletes’ preferences for coaching behavior and for assessing coaching behavior as observed by athletes.
Evolutionary Algorithm for Calculating Available Transfer Capability
Authors: Šošić Darko , Škokljev Ivan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The paper presents an evolutionary algorithm for calculating available transfer capability (ATC). ATC is a measure of the transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for further commercial activity over and above already committed uses. In this paper, MATLAB software is used to determine the ATC between any bus in deregulated power systems without violating system constraints such as thermal, voltage, and stability constraints. The algorithm is applied on IEEE 5 bus system and on IEEE 30 bus system.
A Comparative Analysis of Three Monocular Passive Ranging Methods on Real Infrared Sequences
Authors: Bondžulić Boban P. , Mitrović Srđan T. , Barbarić Žarko P. , Andrić Milenko S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Three monocular passive ranging methods are analyzed and tested on the real infrared sequences. The first method exploits scale changes of an object in successive frames, while other two use Beer-Lambert’s Law. Ranging methods are evaluated by comparing with simultaneously obtained reference data at the test site. Research is addressed on scenarios where multiple sensor views or active measurements are not possible. The results show that these methods for range estimation can provide the fidelity required for object tracking. Maximum values of relative distance estimation errors in near-ideal conditions are less than 8%.