bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of undergraduate African health sciences students: A hermeneutic inquiry
Authors: Inyama Davis , Williams Allison , McCauley Kay 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhile efforts have been made to understand the experiences of African students in predominantly white environments, the experiences of African students in clinical placement areas have rarely been explored. This paper is a report on a study designed to address the gap in educational research on the experiences of African health sciences students in clinical placements in predominantly white environments. Interviews adopting an open approach to conversations were conducted with nine African students from three health disciplines at one metropolitan university in Australia between 2012 and 2013. Interview transcripts were analyzed using philosophical hermeneutics, where shared meanings were arrived at by employing key Gadamerian hermeneutic components. Findings revealed a number of factors that had a direct effect on the meaning students derived from their clinical placement experiences. These, as revealed in the interlinked domains of body, space, relationships, and time included difference, acceptance, resilience, and cultural sensitivity. Insights from this study may lead to the adoption of strategies designed to improve the experiences of African students studying health sciences in predominantly white environments.
X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT): a reference technology for high‐resolution quantification of xylem embolism in trees
Authors: COCHARD H. , DELZON S. , BADEL E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs current methods for measuring xylem embolism in trees are indirect and prone to artefacts, there is an ongoing controversy over the capacity of trees to resist or recover from embolism. The debate will not end until we get direct visualization of the vessel content. Here, we propose desktop X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT) as a reference direct technique to quantify xylem embolism and thus validate more widespread measurements based upon either hydraulic or acoustic methods. We used desktop micro‐CT to measure embolism levels in dehydrated or centrifuged shoots of laurel – a long‐vesseled species thought to display daily cycles of embolism formation and refilling. Our direct observations demonstrate that this Mediterranean species is highly resistant to embolism and is not vulnerable to drought‐induced embolism in a normal range of xylem tensions. We therefore recommend that embolism studies in long‐vesseled species should be validated by direct methods such as micro‐CT to clear up any misunderstandings on their physiology.
Successful treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma using R‐CHOP in a patient with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome followed by a reduced‐intensity stem cell transplant
Authors: Koga Yuhki , Takada Hidetoshi , Suminoe Aiko , Ohga Shouichi , Hara Toshiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWAS is an X‐linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and increased incidence of autoimmunity and malignancy. HSCT is the only curative treatment for WAS. Herein, we report the case of a 17‐yr‐old boy with WAS who received an unrelated HSCT while in complete remission of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma after chemotherapy. Pretransplant conditioning consisted of fludarabine, busulfan, and total body irradiation (4 Gy). GvHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and short‐course methotrexate. Following HSCT, rapid and stable engraftment was observed. Platelet count gradually increased, and the generalized eczema improved. The patient developed grade II acute GvHD and limited chronic GvHD on days 30 and 210, respectively, which resolved with immunosuppressive treatment. Symptoms caused by the reactivation of human herpes virus‐6, BK virus, and VZV were observed from days 21, 60, and 96, respectively; they were resolved after conservative treatment and acyclovir administration. No other regimen‐related toxicity was observed. Complete donor bone marrow chimerism was achieved one month after transplantation. RIST is an effective therapeutic option for older children with WAS accompanied by malignant lymphoma.
Bortezomib use in a pediatric cardiac transplant center
Authors: Zinn Matthew D. , L'Ecuyer Thomas J. , Fagoaga Omar R. , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: June 2014

AbstractData are limited on the efficacy and safety of bortezomib for the treatment of AMR following OHT for pediatric acquired or CHD. Retrospective chart review identified patients who received bortezomib for acute (n = 3, within two wk of diagnosis) and chronic (n = 1, three months after diagnosis) AMR or as part of a desensitization regimen (n = 1). Bortezomib was associated with a 3–66% reduction in class I DSA and a 7–82% reduction in class II DSA. Two of the three acute AMR cases resolved by the first follow‐up biopsy. Two patients with AMR resolution are currently well. One patient developed a second episode of AMR, which was unresponsive to bortezomib therapy and required retransplantation for progressive coronary allograft vasculopathy. One patient died shortly after the third cycle from multi‐organ failure. The desensitization patient showed transient HLA reduction with two cycles, but died five months after transplant from sepsis. Complications included infection (3/5), peripheral neuropathy (2/5), AKI (2/5), and thrombocytopenia (3/5). Adverse events appear more common in critically ill patients. Bortezomib therapy resulted in variable DSA reduction and AMR resolution in AMR in OHT secondary to pediatric acquired or CHD.
Development of a New Stereo‐Panorama System Based on off‐The‐Shelf Stereo Cameras
Authors: Amini Amir Shahrokh , Varshosaz Masood , Saadatseresht Mohammad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere exist a number of techniques which are used to produce stereo panoramas, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a new stereo‐panorama generating system is presented which uses off‐the‐shelf stereo cameras. In addition to stereoviewing, the system offers the possibility of making geometric measurements. The benefits of such a system are: (a) overcoming the effects of moving objects in the images; (b) increased automation of matching and stitching; (c) simple geometric information extraction; and (d) equal resolution over the whole stereo panorama. The structure of the system is described, including system implementation, calibration, stereo‐panorama generation, georeferencing, co‐registration of multiple panoramas and 3D measurements. In addition, an experiment to evaluate the capability of the system in modelling 3D environments is reported. Evaluation results show that the system can produce a suitable 3D panoramic environment for the simultaneous 3D visualisation and measurement of objects, especially in urban areas.
Assessment of interferometric dems from terrasar‐x stripmap and spotlight stereopairs: case study in istanbul
Authors: Sefercık Umut G. , Yastıklı Nacı 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTerraSAR‐X (TSX) has led to a new era for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, offering high‐resolution (1 m) data that was not previously available from space. The TSX X‐band sensor can be operated in three interferometrically compatible imaging modes: Stripmap (SM), high‐resolution Spotlight (HS) and ScanSAR. Due to the low resolution of ScanSAR (16 to 30 m), SM and HS images are preferred for resolution‐based applications. This paper attempts to validate and compare the digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TSX SM and HS image pairs. Digital surface models (DSMs) were generated by interferometry in a part of Istanbul with a variety of ground types. These DSMs were converted to DEMs by filtering and then compared with a reference DEM produced from aerial photographs. The quality assessment was performed using advanced analyses concerned with accuracy and morphologic detail. The results of both absolute and relative accuracy analyses clearly reveal that the quality of the TSX HS DEM is better than SM and very consistent with the reference model.
Detection ofDiplodia sapineain Corsican pine seeds
Authors: Decourcelle T. , Piou D. , Desprez‐Loustau M.‐L. 
Published: June 2014

Diplodia sapineais one of the major pathogens of pines worldwide. Despite the putative critical importance of seed infection in the epidemiology of the disease, this aspect of the biology of the fungus is poorly known. Here, biological and molecular methods were developed for the detection of the fungus and applied to assessD. sapineainfection in Corsican pine seeds. A buffered medium containing tannic acid and malt extract as a nutrient base was the most efficient and selective forD. sapinearecovery. A molecular method based onDNAextraction with a commercial kit and specific amplification, including an internal amplification control, was developed. A high percentage of infection (57% positive isolations) was observed in seeds obtained from fallen cones in a Corsican pine stand with no apparent symptoms ofD. sapinea. Seeds collected from trees in a seed orchard showing severe symptoms of dieback caused byD. sapineahad comparatively lower infection (38%). Moreover, very low infection levels (1–5%) were observed after the standard treatment used for seed extraction, which included heating at 40°C.Diplodia sapineawas not recovered from seedlings grown from infected seed lots submitted to water stress. Overall, results suggest that the risk of disease transmission by commercial seeds is probably low, but could be further reduced by thermotherapy.
Does Dispersal Limit Beetle Re‐colonization of Restored Fenland? A Case Study Using Direct Measurements of Dispersal and Genetic Analysis
Authors: Martay Blaise , Robertshaw Tom , Doberski Julian , Thomas Alison 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDispersal ability is known to limit the colonization by many fenland species onto restored habitat but factors determining colonization by wetland invertebrates onto restored fenland have not been previously examined. We used mark‐release‐recapture and harmonic radar tracking coupled with genetic analysis (ISSR‐PCR, inter‐simple sequence repeat—polymerase chain reaction) to assess the population structure and colonization of a brachypterous wetland carabid (Carabus granulatus) onto restored fenland. The first two methods were used to determine the dispersal rate ofC. granulatusin the absence of barriers, while the genetic analysis was used to examine whether populations were separated by either distance or the water channels and drainage ditches that intersect fenland landscapes. Mark‐release‐recapture and harmonic radar tracking indicated that the most active 6% of individuals could travel over 25 m in a day and individuals found to be traveling these distances remained atypically active throughout the season. Thus,C. granulatuscan disperse at a rate great enough to colonize all areas of restored fenland in the study site within 1 year in the absence of barriers. We found no evidence of genetically distinct sub‐populations ofC. granulatusshowing that distance and water barriers did not limit the movement of individuals from potential source populations to the restored habitat. This research indicates that where fenland is created with nearby established fenland, colonization opportunities should not be considered a limiting factor to colonization by wetland carabids, even where waterways divide sites.
Recovery of Foredune and Blowout Habitats in a Freshwater Dune Following Removal of Invasive Austrian Pine (Pinus nigra)
Authors: Leege Lissa M. , Kilgore Jason S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInvasive species removal is an important first step toward restoring invaded ecosystems; however, restoration following removal may be hindered by (1) unintended consequences of management, such as habitat destabilization, and/or (2) legacy effects of the invader, such as persistent alterations of soil structure or plant community composition. During 1956–1972, approximately 26,000 individuals of the non‐native pine, Pinus nigra, were planted into multiple freshwater sand dune habitats as a stabilization measure on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan in Allegan County, MI, U.S.A. From 2004 to 2010, we evaluated the recovery of foredune and blowout habitats following P. nigra removal in 2003–2005. We compared sand movement and plant community structure, composition, and richness between removal and control sites over the 6 years following pine removal. In addition, we evaluated the impact of litter removal on recolonization of native graminoids in foredunes. Sand movement patterns never differed between removal and control sites in foredunes; however, accumulation was more common in removal sites in blowouts 1 and 6 years following pine removal. Vegetation cover in removal sites became indistinguishable from control sites in both foredunes and blowouts, but species richness for both forb and woody species was higher in removal sites in blowouts. Removal sites in both foredunes and blowouts had higher cover by forbs and lower cover by graminoids. Pine litter did not inhibit recolonization of foredunes by native graminoids. These results suggest that high disturbance habitats, such as sand dunes, have the potential to recover from invasion if the mechanism of disturbance is restored and pioneer species are present to recolonize the system.
Policing Disaster: An Analytical Review of the Literature on Policing, Disaster, and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Faust Kelly L. , Ven Thomas Vander 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA large body of research findings suggests that law‐enforcement officers are confronted with erratic, periodic, and unpredictable high‐stress experiences in the line of duty. There is also an increasing amount of research on police as first responders to disasters and their mental health. Recent high‐stress events, like the social disorder generated by Hurricanes Sandy and Katrina, the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, and the violence at Newtown, created a unique matrix for stressors on police officers who may not have had much training to deal with the associated disorder or much social support to draw upon when confronting the residual emotional and mental traumas that they experienced as a result. In this context, we conduct an analytical review of the literature on police stress in instances in which officers have responded to disasters. Moreover we discuss the extant research related to rates of post‐traumatic stress disorder, the effects of PTSD and related diagnoses on the personal and professional lives of officers, and the sources of social support available to them in the aftermath of trauma‐inducing events. We conclude with a summary of current research and a critique of what is missing in the literature including attention to subclinical PTSD, proper training, the lack of attention to institutional screening for PTSD vulnerability, and the dearth of evaluation research on “what works” in disaster preparedness for police officers.
Visions of Protest. A Media‐Historic Perspective on Images in Social Movements
Authors: Mattoni Alice , Teune Simon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSocial movements and the messages they wish to spread are essentially visual phenomena. Although this is both an obvious and momentous assertion, social movement research has been hesitant to integrate visual data. Until lately, most insights into the use of images in social movements originated from historical and media studies. This contribution presents the recent surge in literature devoted to the visual analysis of social movements. It focuses on activists' practices of image production and distribution under certain media‐historic constellations. In this perspective, the current opportunities to create and spread images of dissent are contrasted with previous appropriations of technical possibilities from early print to electronic media. In times of mobile devices combined with social network sites, scholars of movement images are confronted with profound changes in the ways images contribute to the emergence and dynamics of social movements. Thus, we argue for a media‐sensitive analysis of images in social movements.
Restratification, Hybridity and Professional Elites: Questions of Power, Identity and Relational Contingency at the Points of ‘Professional–Organisational Intersection’
Authors: Waring Justin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper re‐visits and re‐appraises Freidson's restratification thesis. His thesis was proposed in the mid‐1980s to counter the idea of de‐professionalisation, suggesting professional elites can retain collective interests in a more bureaucratic and marketised workplace. Contemporary research highlights the growth of professional–managerial hybrids, and the blurring of professional and organisational boundaries. Within this context, the restratification thesis offers a relevant sociological lens for understanding the emergence and implications of these hybrid elite roles. Research tends to support the broad descriptive aspect of the thesis, but there remains much debate about its explanatory accuracy. The paper reviews Freidson's thesis and develops three areas of theoretical debate and elaboration related to questions of elite power, culture and identity, and relational contingency, with particular reference to the experiences of the medical profession. The paper re‐interprets hybrid elite roles in terms of their points of ‘professional–organisational intersection’ from which it develops a tentative extension of Freidson's categorisation.
The ‘First Three Years’ Movement and the Infant Brain: A Review of Critiques
Authors: Macvarish Jan , Lee Ellie , Lowe Pam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article reviews a particular aspect of the critique of the increasing focus on the brain and neuroscience; what has been termed by some, ‘neuromania’. It engages with the growing literature produced in response to the ‘first three years’ movement: an alliance of child welfare advocates and politicians that draws on the authority of neuroscience to argue that social problems such as inequality, poverty, educational underachievement, violence and mental illness are best addressed through ‘early intervention’ programmes to protect or enhance emotional and cognitive aspects of children's brain development. The movement began in the United States in the early 1990s and has become increasingly vocal and influential since then, achieving international legitimacy in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, the UK and elsewhere. The movement, and the brain‐based culture of expert‐led parent training that has grown with it, has been criticised for claiming scientific authority whilst taking a cavalier approach to scientific method and evidence; for being overly deterministic about the early years of life; for focusing attention on individual parental failings rather than societal or structural problems, for adding to the expanding anxieties of parents and strengthening the intensification of parenting and, ultimately, for redefining the parent–child relationship in biologised, instrumental and dehumanised terms.
Zero‐interest Rate Policy and Unintended Consequences in Emerging Markets
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSince 2009, central banks in the major advanced economies have held interest rates at very low levels to stabilise financial markets and support the recovery of their economies. This paper outlines the unintended consequences of the prolonged period of very low world funding interest rates in emerging markets. The paper is informed by a Mises–Hayek‐BIS view on credit booms and Mises' law of unintended consequences. Consistent with the presented credit boom view, I provide evidence that the very low world funding interest rates are associated with a rise in volatile capital flows and asset market bubbles in fast‐growing emerging markets. In line with Mises' law, I further show that these unintended consequences give rise to a new wave of interventionism as policymakers in emerging markets increasingly reintroduce financially repressive measures to isolate the economies from foreign capital inflows.
A comparison of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings in dogs with gliomatosis cerebri, focusing on cases with minimal magnetic resonance imaging changes‡
Authors: Bentley R. T. , Burcham G. N. , Heng H. G. , Levine J. M. , Longshore R. , Carrera‐Justiz S. , Cameron S. , Kopf K. , Miller M. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe primary study objective was to determine whether clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can underestimate canine gliomatosis cerebri (GC); we also investigated immunohistochemical features. Seven dogs with GC were studied; four recruited specifically because of minimal MRI changes. Neuroanatomic localization and the distribution of MRI, gross and sub‐gross lesions were compared with the actual histological distribution of neoplastic cells. In six cases, clinical examination predicted focal disease and MRI demonstrated a single lesion or appeared normal. Neoplastic cells infiltrated many regions deemed normal by clinical examination and MRI, and were Olig2‐positive and glial fibrillary acid protein‐negative. Four dogs had concurrent gliomas. GC is a differential diagnosis for dogs with focal neurological deficits and a normal MRI or a focal MRI lesion. Canine GC is probably mainly oligodendrocytic. Type II GC, a solid glioma accompanying diffuse central nervous system neoplastic infiltration, occurs in dogs as in people.
A molecular study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats in Iran
Authors: Ghazisaeedi Fereshteh , Atyabi Nahid , Zahrai Salehi Taghi , Gentilini Fabio , Ashrafi Tamai Iraj , Akbarein Hesam , Tasker Séverine 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThree feline hemoplasma species are recognized: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. These species can cause anemia in cats and have a worldwide distribution.ObjectivesThere was no previous information on hemotropic mycoplasma spp in cats in Iran and the Middle East. Accordingly, we investigated the molecular presence, and clinical signs and hematological profile in cats infected with these microorganisms in Iranian cats.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and cytology were performed on 100 blood samples collected from Iranian Shorthair cats. ACBC and case history were also collected for each sample.ResultsBy PCR, 22 (22%; 14–30%, 95% CI) samples were positive. The prevalence of M haemofelis, ‘Ca M haemominutum’, and ‘Ca M turicensis’ was 63.63% (14/22), 54.54% (12/22), and 18.18% (4/22), respectively. Some double and triple co‐infections were also found. Using PCR as the reference method, cytology had poor sensitivity (27%) and reasonable specificity (89.74%). Male cats were at a higher risk of infection (P = .001). Cats older than 8 years were more frequently infected than the younger cats (P = .0018). Lower HCT (P = .018), RBC count (P = .028) and HGB concentration (P = .003) were also associated with hemoplasma PCR‐positive status.ConclusionsBased on this study, the most prevalent feline hemoplasma species in Iranian cats was M haemofelis, but double and triple co‐infections are also documented. Age and sex, as well as reduced RBC parameters, were predisposing factors for hemoplasma infection.