bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The healing of dental extraction sockets in patients with Type 2 diabetes on oral hypoglycaemics: a prospective cohort
Authors: Huang S , Dang H , Huynh W , Sambrook PJ , Goss AN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in delayed healing following dental extractions for Type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycaemics and non‐diabetic patients.MethodsProspective patients referred for dental extractions were recruited into two groups: known diabetics and non‐diabetics with no conditions associated with poor healing. All had a random blood glucose level (BGL). Extractions were performed using local anaesthesia. Delayed healing cases were identified and statistical evaluation performed to identify risk factors.ResultsThere were 224 Type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycaemics (BGL 7.51, range 4.1–17.4) and 232 non‐diabetics. The diabetic group were older, more males and less smokers than the control group. Twenty‐eight patients, 12 (5%) diabetic and 16 (7%) control group, had socket healing delayed for more than one week but all healed in four weeks. There were no statistical differences between delayed healing and age, gender, diabetic state, BGL or smoking. The younger control group had more healing problems.ConclusionsThe traditional view that diabetics have increased delayed healing was not supported. Type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycaemics should be treated the same as non‐diabetic patients for extractions.
Effect of fatigue on laparoscopic skills: a comparative historical cohort study
Authors: Daruwalla Jurstine , Marlow Nicholas , Field John , Altree Meryl , Babidge Wendy , Hewett Peter , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFatigue has been shown to have a negative impact on surgical performance. However, there is a lack of research investigating its effect on laparoscopy, particularly in Australia. This study investigated whether fatigue associated with a surgeon's usual workday led to a measurable drop off in laparoscopic surgical skills as assessed on a laparoscopic simulator.MethodsA comparative study involving two cohorts was undertaken: a study group whose data were collected prospectively was compared to a historical control group. Participants were required to reach a predetermined level of proficiency in each laparoscopic task on either a FLS or LapSim simulator. The participants in the study cohort were re‐tested approximately 1 month after completing 10 h of work. The participants in the historical non‐fatigued group were re‐tested approximately 1 month after reaching proficiency. Comparisons between cohorts were made using a ‘decrease in score per day elapsed’ value to account for the natural attrition in skills over time and the variability in testing times within and between the two cohorts.ResultsThe decrease in overall score per day elapsed for fatigued participants was significantly greater than for historical non‐fatigued participants, irrespective of the simulator type. Fatigue had a greater impact on certain laparoscopic skills, including peg transfer and knot tying. Participants who self‐reported higher level of fatigue demonstrated significantly better skills than those who self‐reported lower levels.ConclusionOverall laparoscopic skill proficiency was reduced in the fatigued participants compared to the historical non‐fatigued participants, with certain laparoscopic skills more affected than others.
Functional and pharmacological consequences of the distribution of voltage‐gated calcium channels inthe renal blood vessels
Authors: Hansen P. B. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCalcium channel blockers are widely used to treat hypertension because they inhibit voltage‐gated calcium channels that mediate transmembrane calcium influx in, for example, vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. The calcium channel family consists of several subfamilies, of which the L‐type is usually associated with vascular contractility. However, the L‐, T‐ and P‐/Q‐types of calcium channels are present in the renal vasculature and are differentially involved in controlling vascular contractility, thereby contributing to regulation of kidney function and blood pressure. In the preglomerular vascular bed, all the three channel families are present. However, the T‐type channel is the only channel in cortical efferent arterioles which is in contrast to the juxtamedullary efferent arteriole, and that leads to diverse functional effects of L‐ and T‐type channel inhibition. Furthermore, by different mechanisms, T‐type channels may contribute to both constriction and dilation of the arterioles. Finally, P‐/Q‐type channels are involved in the regulation of human intrarenal arterial contractility. The calcium blockers used in the clinic affect not only L‐type but also P‐/Q‐ and T‐type channels. Therefore, the distinct effect obtained by inhibiting a given subtype or set of channels under experimental settings should be considered when choosing a calcium blocker for treatment. T‐type channels seem to be crucial for regulating the GFR and the filtration fraction. Use of blockers is expected to lead to preferential efferent vasodilation, reduction of glomerular pressure and proteinuria. Therefore, renovascular T‐type channels might provide novel therapeutic targets, and may have superior renoprotective effects compared to conventional calcium blockers.
Prognosis of diabetic gastroparesis—a 25‐year evaluation
Authors: Chang J. , Rayner C. K. , Jones K. L. , Horowitz M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prognosis of diabetic gastroparesis.MethodsEighty‐six patients with diabetes had measurements of gastric emptying of a mixed meal using a dual isotope test of solid and liquid meal components, mean blood glucose levels, HbA1c, upper gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nerve function performed in 1984–1989. These patients were followed up in 2011, after a mean period of ~25 years.ResultsOf the 86 patients, gastric emptying of solid (the percentage remaining in the stomach at 100 min) was delayed in 35 (41%), and of liquid (the time taken for 50% of the liquid to empty) was delayed in 38 (44%). In 2011, 53 patients were known to be alive, 29 had died and four were lost to follow‐up. In those who had died, both age at baseline (P < 0.001) and the score for autonomic nerve dysfunction (P < 0.001) were greater than those who were alive, while there was no difference in emptying of either the solid or liquid between the two groups. When patients with delayed gastric emptying were divided according to the median value (‘delayed’ and ‘markedly delayed’), mortality tended to be greater in the ‘markedly delayed’ group for both solids (P = 0.12) and liquids (P = 0.09). Of the 82 patients who could be followed up, 23 of the 35 (66%) with delayed gastric emptying of solid and 25 of 38 (66%) with delayed gastric emptying of liquid were alive. After adjustment for age and autonomic dysfunction, there was no association between gastric emptying of either solid or liquid and death.ConclusionsOver a period of ~25 years, diabetic gastroparesis is apparently not usually associated with a poor prognosis, or increased mortality.Abbreviations: T100 min, the percentage remaining in the stomach at 100 mins; T50%, the time taken for 50% of the liquid to empty
The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: what have we learned in 20 years?
Authors: Chave Jérôme 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the past 20 years, major advances have clarified how ecological patterns inform theory, and how in turn theory informs applied ecology. Also, there has been an increased recognition that the problem of scale at which ecological processes should be considered is critical if we are to produce general predictions. Ecological dynamics is always stochastic at small scales, but variability is conditional on the scale of description. The radical changes in the scope and aims of ecology over the past decades reflect in part the need to address pressing societal issues of environmental change. Technological advances in molecular biology, global positioning, sensing instrumentation and computational power should not be overlooked as an explanation for these radical changes. However, I argue that conceptual unification across ecology, genetics, evolution and physiology has fostered even more fertile questions. We are moving away from the view that evolution is played in a fixed ecological theatre: the theatre is being rapidly and relentlessly redesigned by the players themselves. The maintenance of ecosystem functions depends on shifts in species assemblages and on cellular metabolism, not only on flows of energy and matter. These findings have far reaching implications for our understanding of how ecosystem function and biodiversity will withstand (or not) environmental changes in the 21st century.
Triggers of migraine and tension‐type headache in China: a clinic‐based survey
Authors: Wang J. , Huang Q. , Li N. , Tan G. , Chen L. , Zhou J. 
Published: January 2013

Background and purposeIdentification of the trigger factors of headache could be an important aspect of preventive management, but the characteristics of primary headache triggers in China are unknown. This study was performed to estimate the frequencies of the putative headache triggers, which are endorsed by patients with migraine and tension‐type headache (TTH).MethodsFrom July 2011 to December 2011, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the neurological clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Chongqing. All consecutive patients with the chief complaint of headache were interviewed by a board‐certified headache specialist. The diagnoses were made according to International Classification of Headache Disorders – 2nd edition. Patients with migraine and TTH were recruited.ResultsThe number of investigated patients was 1219, of whom 394 were migraine and 344 were TTH; and 80.2% migraineurs and 67.4% TTH patients reported trigger factors. The most common triggers for both migraine and TTH were sleep disturbance, negative affect and sunlight. Menstrual cycle (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.2, 11.2), change of the weather (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.9, 4.8), noise (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.1, 4.4) and alcohol (OR 1.8, 95%CI 0.7, 1.8) were more associated with migraineurs. Negative affect was more associated with TTH (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.3, 2.9).ConclusionsTrigger factors were frequent among both migraine and TTH patients. Avoidance of all headache triggers is impractical. Learning to cope with triggers is important to headache prevention.
Well‐Being of Refugees from Burma: A Salutogenic Perspective
Authors: Borwick Summer , Schweitzer Robert D. , Brough Mark , Vromans Lyn , Shakespeare‐Finch Jane 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA salutogenic approach explored themes of strength and well‐being in life stories of Burmese refugees (N = 18) in Australia. Previous refugee studies have tended to focus on negative responses to traumatic events (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder, depression). To widen the scope of refugee related research the focus of the current study was informed by a salutogenic perspective, exploring sources of strength that may facilitate well‐being. Semi‐structured narrative interviews explored: the participant's life before fleeing Burma, the journey of exile, and post‐migration in Australia. Eight women and 10 men (Mage = 39 years) were interviewed and transcriptions analysis of narratives was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), with major themes being explicated. Super‐ordinate themes pertaining to strength during times of hardship were identified and explicated as: support from interpersonal relationships, the pivotal role of values, a sense of future and agency, and reliance on spiritual or religious beliefs. Results indicate the existence of sources of strength that may contribute to human responses in times of hardship. Recognition and reflection of strengths may be incorporated into therapeutic and resettlement approaches for people from refugee backgrounds.
Lactobacillus casei Zhang modulate cytokine and Toll‐like receptor expression and beneficially regulate poly I:C‐induced immune responses in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Xie Jiming , Wang Na , Li Yunxu , Sun Xiaolin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Heping 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLactobacilli are frequently used as probiotics due to their beneficial effects on health. Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZ), which has favorable probiotic properties, was first isolated from koumiss. In this study, the immunomodulating effects of LcZ on cytokine and toll‐like receptor expression in RAW264.7 macrophages was assessed and it was found that live LcZ promotes production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and interferon (IFN)‐β. Transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also enhanced by viable LcZ. The immunostimulating effects of live LcZ are significantly attenuated in heat‐killed LcZ. Live LcZ promotes TLR2 mRNA transcription, whereas heat‐killed LcZ enhances transcription of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Furthermore, live LcZ significantly suppresses polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)‐stimulated NO, iNOS and TNF‐α expression while enhancing expression of IFN‐β. It was also found that poly I:C‐induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF‐3) reporter gene activity was significantly up‐regulated by live LcZ. These results suggest that LcZ keeps the innate immune system alert by increasing transcription of Toll‐like receptors and enhancing production of pro‐inflammatory mediators and type I IFN in macrophages. The synergistic effect of live LcZ with poly I:C on IFN‐β expression is associated with increased activity of IRF‐3. LcZ has the potential to be used as an adjuvant against viral infections.
Ego consciousness in the Japanese psyche: culture, myth and disaster
Authors: Yama Megumi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith globalization, modern Western consciousness has spread across the world. This influx has affected the Japanese culture but ego consciousness has emerged through a long history and different course from that of the West. At a personal level, I have been interested in the establishment of a subject in a culture that values homogeneity and to understand this, I reflect on my own history of living in both the East and the West and on my experience practising psychotherapy. To show Japanese collective functioning at its best, I describe the human inter‐connectedness and collaboration during the 2011 disaster. I explore the ‘Nothing’ at the centre of the Japanese psyche, through a reading of Japanese myth, especially the most originary and almost pre‐human stories that come before the anthropomorphized ‘First Parents’. A retelling of this founding story, reveals the multiple iterations over time that manifest in embodied being; this gradual emergence of consciousness is contrasted with Western myths of origin that are more clear and specific. This study attempts to bring awareness of the value and meaning of Eastern consciousness and its centre in the ‘Nothing’.
Trauma and the transference‐countertransference: working with the bad object and the wounded self
Authors: West Marcus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the transference‐countertransference dynamics that manifest in work with those individuals who experienced severe early relational trauma and, in particular, childhood sexual abuse. The literature is surveyed from Davies and Frawley's (1992a) seminal paper through to more current trauma‐related and sensorimotor approaches, which deepen our understanding greatly. The rapidly shifting, powerful, conflicting and kaleidoscopic transference‐countertransference dynamics are explored in the light of these views and in relation to a lengthy clinical example. The author elucidates the dual‐aspect of the traumatic complex, whereby the abuser figure, which is disavowed by the patient, becomes manifest in prosecuting the analyst for the ‘wounds’ that the analysis evokes. The paper also explores the particular nature of the splitting processes, whereby pressure is put on the analyst to adopt an idealized role, in particular to act as a self‐object, in order to enable the patient to safely express and ‘be’ themselves in an attempt to make up for what was not possible in childhood; the analyst will necessarily fail in this task. In the context of powerful masochisto‐sadistic dynamics, the analyst's masochism is likely to be called up in the spirit of caring ‘humanity’ (another inevitable enactment), which can impede the progress of the analysis if not addressed. The extreme woundedness, intense affect and moral outrage associated with these dynamics are characteristic and compelling. Issues relating to disclosure, enactment and analytic attitude are also discussed.
A c‐fos‐Monomeric Red Fluorescent Protein 1 Fusion Transgene is Differentially Expressed in Rat Forebrain and Brainstem after Chronic Dehydration and Rehydration
Authors: Yoshimura M. , Ohkubo J. , Katoh A. , Ohno M. , Ishikura T. , Kakuma T. , Yoshimatsu H. , Murphy D. , Ueta Y. 
Published: January 2013

We have previously shown that an acute osmotic stimulation induces the expression of a c‐fos and monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fusion transgene in osmosensitive rat brain areas, including the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). However, the effects of chronic stimuli, such as dehydration, have not been investigated. In the present study, the expression patterns of the c‐fos‐mRFP1 fusion gene in the forebrain and the brainstem of male and female transgenic rats were studied in seven experimental groups: ad lib. water (euhydration), water deprivation for 12, 24 or 48 h (dehydration) and water deprivation for 46 h + ad lib. water for 2, 6 or 12 h (rehydration). The number of cells that express nuclear mRFP1 fluorescence was quantified in the hypothalamus, the circumventricular organs and the brainstem. Compared to the euhydrated state, the number of transgene expressing cells significantly increased in all forebrain areas and in the rostral ventrolateral medulla after dehydration and 2 h of rehydration. In the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, the number of mRFP1 fluorescent cells was markedly increased after 2 h of rehydration. Although the number of mRFP1 fluorescent cells in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ remained significantly increased after 6 h of rehydration, reaching control levels after 12 h of rehydration, the number of mRFP1 fluorescent cells in the SON and the PVN reached control levels after 6 h of rehydration. There were no significant differences between male and female rats. These results show that the expression of the c‐fos‐mRFP1 fusion gene changes in the forebrain and the brainstem not only after acute osmotic stimulation, but also after chronic osmotic stimulation. Interestingly, these studies reveal the differential activation of different neuronal groups over the time course of dehydration and rehydration.
Endothelial Cells Actively Concentrate Insulin During its Transendothelial Transport
Authors: Genders Amanda J. , Frison Vera , Abramson Sarah R. , Barrett Eugene J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe examined insulins uptake and transendothelial transport by endothelial cells in order to: (i) ascertain whether insulin accumulates within the cells to concentrations greater than in the media; (ii) compare trans endothelial insulin transport to that of inulin (using the latter as a tracer for passive transport or leaked); and; (iii) determine whether insulins transported depended on insulin action.MethodsUsing 125I‐insulin at physiologic concentrations we measured both the uptake and trans endothelial transport of insulin by bovine aortic endothelial cells and measured cell volume using tritiated 3‐O‐methylglucose.ResultsBovine aortic endothelial cells accumulate insulin to > five‐fold above the media concentrations and the trans endothelial transport of insulin, but not inulin, is saturable and requires intact PI‐3‐kinase and MEK signaling.ConclusionThe insulin receptor and downstream signaling from the receptor regulates endothelial insulin transport. Insulin is accumulated against a concentration gradient by the endothelial cell. We suggest that insulin uptake is rate limiting for insulin trans endothelial transport.
Effect of preoperative nursing visit on preoperative anxiety and postoperative complications in candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sadati Leila , Pazouki Abdolreza , Mehdizadeh Abolfazl , Shoar Saeed , Tamannaie Zeinab , Chaichian Shahla 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDespite progress in surgery and anaesthesia techniques, anxiety remains an important problem that imposes tremendous barriers to postoperative recovery for surgery patients.AimsIn this study, we investigated the effects of preoperative nursing visits on anxiety and postoperative complications in candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsOne hundred consecutive patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 50 patients each. Anxiety was evaluated in both groups using a translated and validated Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Patients in the control group received routine nursing care. Patients in the intervention group received two preoperative interviews, one on the day before surgery and one just before entering the operating room. Pain, nausea, vomiting and other postoperative complications were compared. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale.FindingsAll patients were women with a mean ± standard deviation age of 46.8 ± 10.6 years. At admission, state and trait anxiety measurements in the intervention and control groups were approximately 56 and 55 in both groups. Just before entering the operating room, these values reduced to 40.30 and 39.04 in the intervention group, with no significant change in the control group (p > 0.05). Mean time to reach an Aldrete consciousness score of 9, frequency of nausea and vomiting in the recovery room, level of postoperative pain, vital sign stabilization and time interval to get out of bed all improved significantly in the intervention group.ConclusionsOur study showed that preoperative nursing visits could decrease the level of preoperative anxiety and postoperative complications in this patient population.