bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Derivatives in Organic Synthesis, Part 4 [1]: Facile Synthesis of Heterocycles Containing a Glycine Residue
Authors: Chabaka Laila M. , Allam Yehia A. , Nawwar Galal A. M. 
Published: February 2015

Pyridines, thiazolopyridines and pyrazolopyrans containing glycinate residue were prepared by reacting N-cyanoacryloglycinate ylidenes with active methylene compounds via a Michael addition - intracyclization synthetic pathway.
Simple routes for the synthesis of heterocycles with an amino acid residue were previously reported [1-3] as the incorportation of these residues improves the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of active compounds [4,5]. However, trials to deesterify these residues for coupling purposes were unsuccessful. So, we tried herein new approaches for synthesizing heterocyles carrying one or two glycine moieties with free carboxylic acid group to facilitate further peptide linkage [6] on one hand and on the other one could be able to form metal chelates, a property having a significant output on the toxicological behaviour [7]
Electrochemical Synthesis of a 6-Coordinate Cadmium(II) Complex with N-Methylisatin N(4)-cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone
Authors: Labisbal Elena , Sousa Antonio , Castiñeiras Alfonso , García-Vázquez Jose A. , Romero Jaime , Bain Gordon A. , West Douglas X. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cadmium metal was oxidized in the presence of N-methylisatin N(4)-cyclohexyl-thiosemicarbazone (HMeIs4Chex) in an acetonitrile solution, which produced a complex of the formula [Cd(MeIs4Chex)2]. The two MeIs4Chex ligands are at an angle close to 90° from each other, and there is hydrogen bonding to two adjacent molecules by the anionic ligands remaining NH groups. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 11.820(4), b = 11.491(4), c = 27.834(4) Å, β = 106.82(2)°, V = 3618.7(17) Å3 and Z = 4.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Poly > [(N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)- N'-carboxymethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine-N, N'-Diacetato)copper(II) Hydrate], {[Cu(Hhedta)] · H2O }n
Authors: Castiñeiras-Campos Alfonso , de la Cueva-Torregrosa Ignacio S. , González-Pérez Josefa M. , Sicilia-Zafra Aurora G. , Bugella-Altamirano Elena , Niclós-Gutiérrez Juan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The stoichiometric reaction of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine-N,N,N′-triacetic acid [H3hedta = (HOCH2CH2)(HO2CCH2)NC2H4N(CH2CO2H)2)] and copper(II) hydroxy-carbonate in water yields crystalline samples of poly-{(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-carboxymethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetato)copper(II) hydrate}, {[Cu(Hhedta)] · H2O}n (I)-The compound was studied by TG analysis (with FT-IR study of the evolved gases), IR, electronic and ESR spectra, magnetic susceptibility data and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallises in the orthorhombic system, space group Fdd2 (a = 21.906(2), b = 36.602(4), c = 6.928(1) Å, Z = 16, and final R1 = 0.029 for 1554 independent reflections). The Cu(II) atom exhibits a very distorted octahedral coordination (type 4+1 + 1). The Hhedta ligand plays a N,N′,O,O′O″-pentadentate chelating role as well as a O,O′-carboxylate bridging one and has a free N-carboxymethyl arm. The bridging carboxylate group of the Hhedta ligand leads to polymeric chains {[Cu(Hhedta)] · H2O}n parallel the c axis. A hydrogen bonding network involves all O-H polar bonds (non-ionised carboxylic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups and water molecules). The structure reveals the preferred formation of a copper(II)-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-amino) or copper(II)-(ethanolamino) versus a copper(II)-(N-carboxymethylamino) chelate ring.
[Co4(ν3-NPEt3)2(HNPEt3)2(O2C-CH3)2- (ν-OSiMe2OSiMe2O)2] - ein vierkerniger Cobalt(II)-Komplex mit Leiterstruktur / [Co4(ν3-NPEt3)2(HNPEt3)2(O2C-CH3)2-(ν-OSiMe2OSiMe2O)2] - a Tetranuclear Cobalt(II) Complex with Ladder Structure
Authors: Ackermann Hartmut , Weller Frank , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: February 2015

The title compound has been prepared from cobalt( II) acetate and Me3SiNPEt3 in boiling toluene in the presence of silicon grease and traces of water as blue single crystals which were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by a crystal structure determination. Space group Pbca, Z = 8, lattice dimensions at -50 °C: a = 1449.3(1), b = 1724.9(1), c = 2356.6(2) pm, R = 0.0548.
[Co4(ν3-NPEt3)2(HNPEt3)2(O2C-CH3)2-(v-OSiMe2OSiMe2O)2] has a centrosymmetric structure. The four cobalt atoms which are coordinated tetrahedrally are v3-bridged via the N atoms of the two (NPEt3
-) groups and v2-bridged by the O atoms of the chelating (OSiMe2OSi-Me2O2-) units. The core atoms are arranged in three four-membered rings which are connected in a stair-like way.
Chemischer Transport intermetallischer Phasen, II: Das System Fe-Si/Chemical Vapour Transport of Intermetallic Phases, II: The System Fe-Si
Authors: Bosholm O. , Oppermann H. , Däbritz S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Five phases exist in the system Fe-Si: Fe3Si, Fe2Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, α-and β-FeSi2. All phases could be prepared by chemical transport with iodine as transport agent in the temperature range between T1 (700 °C) and T2 (1030 °C). In a attempted systematic clarification of the chemical transport reactions of all phases in the system, the effective transport equilibria were determined. Thermodynamic calculations show satisfactory agreement between calcula­tion and experiment.
Carbohydrates to Pyrano-Furanoids: New and Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Syntheses of Tetrasubstituted Furanoids from Carbohydrate Scaffolds
Authors: Al-Tel Taleb H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new strategy for the asymmetric syntheses of polysubstituted pyrano-furanoids using allylic sulfates derived from carbohydrate precursors and the dianion of diethoxycarbonyl acetone, catalyzed by Pd(0), is described.
The Effect of Different Hydrogen Bonding Schemes on Melting Points of Two Isomeric 2-Hydroxy-bornane-3-carboxylic Acids
Authors: Kubicki Maciej , Borowiak Teresa , Antkowiak Wiesław Z. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The crystal structures of two isomeric compounds, 2-endo-hydroxybornane-3-endo-carboxylic acid and 2 -exo -hydroxybomane-3 -endo-carboxylic acid, have been determined by X-ray single crystal analysis. The only difference between these two compounds is the disposition of the 2-hydroxy group with respect to the bomane skeleton. Both compounds show quite different hydrogen bonding schemes. In the endo-hydroxy-endo-carboxy isomer there is one intramolecular and one intermolecular hydrogen bond, which connects molecules into infinite chains, while in the exo-hydroxy-endo-carboxy isomer there are two intermolecular hydrogen bonds that form a more stable architecture of two kinds of chains which interconnect to close rings comprising four molecules. Due to these differences the melting point of 2 is ca. 30° higher than for 1 .
Hydrogen Bonds in "Carboxyoximes": the Case of Bomane Derivatives
Authors: Kubicki Maciej , Borowiak Teresa , Antkowiak Wiesław Z. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The tendency of forming mixed carboxyl-to-oxime hydrogen bonds was tested on the series of bornane derivatives: one with the acid function only (bornane-2-endo-carboxylic acid), one with the oxime function (2,2′-diethylthiobomane-3-oxime), and one with both oxime and carboxylic functions (bornane-2-oxime-3-endo-carboxylic acid). The crystal structures of these compounds were determined by means of X-ray diffraction. In bornane-2-endo-carboxylic acid and 2,2′-diethylthiobornane-3-oxime 'homogenic' hydrogen bonds were found, and these hydrogen bonds close eight-and six-membered rings, respectively. By contrast, in bornane-2-oxime-3-endo-carboxylic acid 'heterogenic' hydrogen bonds between carboxylic and oxime bonds were found. This carboxylic-oxime, or 'carboxyoxime' system is almost always present in compounds which have both oxime and carboxylic groups; therefore it can be regarded as an element of supramolecular structures (synthon). The presence of such synthons can break the tendency of carboxylic acids and oximes towards crystallizing in centrosymmetric structures.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Ternary Chalcogenides of Group IV Metals: K2ZrS4, Rb2ZrS4, and Rb2HfS4
Authors: Rumpf C. , Bensch W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The new ternary one-dimensional chain compounds K2ZrS4 , Rb2ZrS4 and Rb2HfS4 were prepared at 350 °C by reacting A2S3 and S with elemental M (A = K, Rb; M = Zr, Hf). They are isostructural, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z = 8 . The M atoms are in a distorted octahedral environment of four S2− anions and one S2
2− unit. The structure consists of infinite anionic chains comprised of edge-sharing M S6 octahedra running parallel to the [001] direction separated by the alkali metal cations. The composition of the chain may be formulated as 1
∞[MS4/ 2 (S2)2−]. The two crystallographically independent alkali cations are in eight-and ninefold coordination of S atoms.
tBuN=V[P(SiMe3)2]3 : Das erste Beispiel eines stabilen Phosphanidovanadium(V)-Komplexes / tBuN=V[P(SiMe3)2]3: The First Example of a Stable Phosphanidovanadium(V) Complex
Authors: Preuss Fritz , Tabellion Frank 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The synthesis of the first stable phosphanidovanadium(V) complex tBuN=V[P(SiMe3)2]3 is described. The compound has been investigated by 1H, 13C ,31P, 51V NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate an eighteen-electron complex.
Polysulfonylamine, CXXVII [1] Wasserstoffbrücken in kristallinen Onium-dimesylamiden: Ein robustes Achtring-Synthon als Bestandteil dreidimensionaler Wasserstoffbrückenmuster / Polysulfonylamines, CXXVII [1] Hydrogen Bonding in Crystalline Onium Dimesylamides: A Robust Eight-Membered Ring Synthon as a Component in Three-Dimensional Hydrogen Bonding Patterns
Authors: Wijaya Karna , Moers Oliver , Henschel Dagmar , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In order to study crystal packings and hydrogen bonding frameworks, low-temperature X-ray structures were determined for three onium salts of general formula B H+(MeSO2)2N−, where BH+ is acetamidinium (1, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4), guanidinium (2, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4), or 4,6-diamino-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidinium (3, monoclinic P21/n, Z = 4). In every case the ions create three-dimensional N − H ∙∙∙ N/O networks, in which all N − H donors of the cations and four (in 1) or five (2, 3) acceptors of the anion are involved; non-conventional secondary bonds, e.g. C − H ∙∙∙ O/N, do not play an important role in the packings. For the isotypic structures 1 and 2, congruencies and dissimilarities of the hydrogen bonding patterns are discussed in detail. Despite the structural and chemical differences between the cations and the way in which they are attached to the anion, each of the three structures displays a robust eight-membered ring synthon [N2 = R2
2(8), antidromic] constructed via two-centre hydrogen bonds from a syn, syn-sequence H − N − C (sp2) −N −H of the respective cation and a V-shaped O − S (sp3) − N fragment of the anion. Although the networks in 2 and 3 contain several N − H (∙∙∙ O)2 three-centre interactions, the two-point connectivity of the synthon is distinctly preserved. The results indicate that the (MeSO2)2N− ion may be utilized in crystal engineering as a dependable building block.
Gold Clustering at Dimethylsulfoximine Me2S(O)NH
Authors: Hamel Armin , Hollatz Christian , Schier Annette , Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Gold Clustering, Dimethylsulfoximine Polyaurated complexes of the dimethylsulfoximide anion [Me2S(O)N]- have been prepared by reacting N-trimethylsilyl-dimethylsulfoximide with [(Ph3P)Au]BF4 in various molar ratios. With one or two equivalents of the gold(I) reagent only the dinuclear complex is obtained in high yield: {[(Ph3P)Au]2NS(O)Me2}+ BF4
- . With three or four equivalents only the trinuclear complex is produced: {[(Ph3P)Au]3NS(O)Me2}2+ 2 BF4
- . No mono- or tetra-auration was observed, respectively. The composition of the compounds has been confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic data, and the crystal structure of the dinuclear compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction of the dichloromethane solvate. The two gold atoms are found to be coordinated to the nitrogen atom with a small Au-N-Au angle of only 92.3(3)° and a short Au-Au distance of 2.9900(5) Å. The nitrogen atom is in a distorted trigonal pyramidal configuration which allows an intramolecular SO-Au contact. For the trinuclear complex a structure with a tetracoordinate nitrogen atom [SNAU3] is proposed which is analogous to the corresponding complexes of phosphinimines R3P=NH. With the ditertiary phosphine Ph2PCH2Ch2PPh2 (dppe) a cyclic dinuclear complex (dppe)Au2[NS(0 )Me2]BF4 can be synthesized starting from (dppe)Au2Cl2. The reaction of the phosphine-rich precursor [(Ph3P)2Au]BF4 with Me3SiNS(0 )Me2 in the molar ratio 2:1 affords a binuclear complex {[(Ph3P)2Au]2NS(0 )Me2}BF4 of an as yet unknown structure
Synthese und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von Silicium-Komplexen der Koordinationszahl sechs mit Dimethylpyridinen/ Syntheses and Crystal Structure Determination of Hexacoordinated Silicon-Complexes with Dimethylpyridines
Authors: Hensena Karl , Kettner Markus , Stumpf Thorsten , Bolte Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Trichlorosilane, HSiCl3, forms with 3,4-dimethylpyridine in aprotic solvents a crystalline l:2-compound which is stable at room temperature and readily soluble in CHCl3. Colourless crystals of the dicationic complex, [H2Si(3,4-dimethylpyridine)4]2+ 2Cl- · 6 CHCl3 (verified by X-ray structure analysis) are obtained by dismutation of HSiCl3(3,4-dimethylpyridine)2 in CHCl3 within one week at room temperature.29Si NM R indicates that SiCl4 is generated as a second product. H2SiCl2 with 2,4-dimethylpyridine as well as MeHSiBr2 with 3,5-dimethylpyridine in aprotic solvents form 1:2-compounds stable at room temperature. X-ray structure analyses in both cases establish neutral-complexes with a hexa-coordinated silicon atom
Reaktionen der Lithiumhydridosilylamide Me2(H)Si-N(Li)R (R = CMe3, SiMe3) mit Chlortrimethylstannan und Chlormethylsilanen Me4–nSiCln (n = 1-3)/ Reactions of Lithium Hydridosilylamides Me2(H)Si-N(Li)R (R = CMe3, SiMe3) with Chlorotrimethylstannane and Chloromethylsilanes Me4-nSiCln (n = 1 - 3)
Authors: Schneider Jan , Popowski Eckhard , Peulecke Normen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The under reflux conditions in n-octane stable lithium hydridosilylamides Me2(H)Si-N(Li)R (1: R = CMe3, 2: SiMe3) were allowed to react with chlorotrimethylstannane and chloromethylsilanes Me4-nSiCln (n = 1 - 3) in different molar ratios.
1 reacts with Me3SnCl in n-pentane to give the cyclodisilazane [Me2Si-NCMe3]2 (3) and Me3SnH. The reaction of 2 with Me3SnCl under the same conditions leads to a mixture of Me2 (H)Si-N(SnMe3)SiMe3 (5), [Me2Si-NSiMe3]2 (4), and to Me3SnH. In the reactions of 1 and 2 with chlorotrimethylstannane in tetrahydrofuran the corresponding N-stannylation products Me2(H)Si-N(SnMe3)R 5, 6 and very small amounts of (Me3Sn)2 are formed.
The results of the reactions of 1 and 2 with Me2SiCl2 and of 1 with MeSiCl3 in n-hexane show that hydrogen-chlorine-exchange proceeds between the reactants. With Me2SiCl2 the corresponding cyclodisilazanes [Me2Si-NR]2 3, 4, N-silylation products Me2(H)Si-N(SiMe2Cl)R 7b, 8b, and Me2(H)Si-N(SiMe2H)R 7c, 8c, and the silanes Me2SiHCl and Me2SiH2 are formed, the cyclodisilazanes being the main products. 1 and MeSiCl3 produce 3, Me2(H)Si-N(R′)CMe3 (7d: R′ = SiMeCl2, 7e: R' = SiMeCIH, 7f: R′ = SiM eH2) and MeSiH3. In comparison with the reaction of 1 with Me2SiCl2 the yield of cyclodisilazane is smaller and that of N-silylated compounds is higher. The reaction behaviour of 1 towards Me2SiCl2 and MeSiCl3 in THF is comparable to that in n-hexane.
No silanimine intermediates are observed in the reactions of 1 or 2 with the chloromethylsilanes Me4-nSiCln (n = 1 - 3) in the molar ratios 1:5 and 1:10.
The Madelung Function of Elpasolites
Authors: Marx Veit , Hundhammer Bernd 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Madelung Energy, Coulomb Interaction, Elpasolite For binary ionic compounds the Madelung energy can be calculated using the Madelung constant, the ionic charges and the next neighbour distance of the ions only. For ternary and higher systems the well-known standard formula cannot be applied, because the ionic charges and distances combine in different ways. In the present work we calculate the Madelung energy of the quaternary elpasolite structure by straightforward computer summation and propose a Madelung function which describes the Madelung energy in dependence on the lattice constant and the free structural parameter. This function has been applied to several chemical compounds of the elpasolite type to determine the individual Madelung energy.
Diorgano(trichlorsiIyl)phosphane/ Diorgano(trichlorosilyl)phosphines
Authors: Wolfsberger W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Some diorgano(trichlorosilyl)phosphines of the general formula R(C6H5)PSiCl3 (R = CH3 1a, C2H5 2a, C3H7 3a, and C5H11 4a) have been prepared by transsilylation reactions of the corresponding diorgano(trimethylsilyl)phosphines with silicium tetrachloride and characterized by elemental analyses and NMR spectra
Preparation and Crystal Structure of a Mixed Metal Assembly [Ni(phen)3][Cu(H-1pap)]2(NO3) · 8 H2O Featuring Octahedral Cationic and Square-planar Anionic Modules
Authors: Fritsky Igor O. , Świątek-Kozlowska Jolanta , Kapshuk Anatoliy A. , Kozłowski Henryk , Sliva Tatiana Yu. , Gumienna-Kontecka Elzbieta , Prisyazhnaya Elena V. , Iskenderov Turganbay S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The new mixed metal assembly [Ni(phen)3][Cu(H-1pap)]2(NO3 ) · 8 H2O (2) (H2pap = CH3- C(=NO H)-C(O )-NH-(CH2)3-NH-C(O )-C(=NOH)-CH3) was obtained by co-crystallisation of [Li(H2O)4][Cu(H-1pap)] · 2 H2O (1) and tris(1,10-phenanthroline)nickel(II) nitrate and studied by means of X-ray crystallography (triclinic, space group P1, a = 13.471(3), b = 13.641(3), c = 15.401(3) Å, α = 108.21(3), β = 97.73(3), γ = 107.74(3)°, V = 2476.6(9) Å , Z = 2 ,R1 = 0.0677 for 4672 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I)). The assembly indicates a network structure and consists of isolated cationic and anionic modules (octahedral [Ni(phen)3]2+ and square-planar [Cu(H-1pap)]-), non-coordinated nitrate anions and solvating water molecules. The elements of the crystal structure are linked by interactions of different types: by an extended system of H bonds, stacking interactions between aromatic rings, long apical Cu-N contacts and specific π-π interaction between a deprotonated oxime group of the complex anion and a phenanthroline ligand
Long Chain Cinnamoic Acid Esters from Daphne Oleoides
Authors: Ullah Nisar , Qureshi S. A. , Anwar Saeed , Malik Abdul , Haslinger Ernst 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two new natural products, tridecyl and undecyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate, were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the whole plant of Daphne oleoides. Their structures were established on the basis of modern spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR
Complexation of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) Ions with Pyridine, 2-Methylpyridine, 3-Methylpyridine, and 4-Methylpyridine in Acetonitrile
Authors: Kurihara Makoto , Kawashima Takuji , Ozutsumi Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thermodynamic data of the complexation of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) ions with pyridine (py), 2-methylpyridine (2Me-py), 3-methylpyridine (3Me-py), and 4-methylpyridine (4Me-py) have been determined by calorimetry and spectrophotometry in acetonitrile (MeCN) containing 0.1 mol dm-3 (C2H5)4NClO4 as a constant ionic medium at 25 °C. The calorimetric and spectrophotometric data for py, 3Me-py, and 4Me-py revealed the formation of [ML]2+, [ML2]2+, [ML3]2+, and [ML4]2+ (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+; L = py, SMe-py, 4Me-py). For 2Me-py, on the other hand, the formation of only one complex, [M(2Me-py)]2+ (M = Co2+, Ni2+), was detected. The stepwise thermodynamic quantities and the individual electronic spectra of the complexes suggest that all of these have a six-coordinate octahedral structure. The stability of the [M(2Me-py)]2+ (M = Co2+, Ni2+) complexes is much lower than that of the corresponding py, 3Me-py, and 4Me-py complexes. The difference in the stability of the 2Me-py complexes is mainly due to their unfavorable entropy changes because the differences of enthalpies for all the complexes are not so significant. The free energies for the formation of the mono complexes follow the order Mn(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II) < Zn(II) for the py, 3Me-py, and 4Me-py systems. The ΔH°1 values vary in the same order and the ΔS°1 values are similar. Hence, the stability difference of the mono complexes originates from the enthalpic term
An Expeditious Approach to Trisubstituted Chiral Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Iqbal Fazila , Shekhani Mohammed Saleh , Malik Abdul , Parvez Masood , Riaz Uzma , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ozonolysis of 3,6-anhydro-4-0-(p-toluenesulphonyl)-D-glucal (9), obtained in four steps from D-glucose, provided the target compound 11. The structure and configurations of 9 and 11 have been determined by spectral studies and X-ray crystallography. Similar strategy with D-galactose provided the corresponding derivatives 10 and 12, respectively
Extraktionen von Ginsenosiden aus Ginseng-Wurzeln mit flüssigem Ammoniak, Methanol-Wasser oder Wasser/ Extractions of Ginsenosidesj from Ginseng Roots with Liquid Ammonia, Methanol-Water or Water
Authors: Cho In-Ho , Hohaus Eberhard , Lehnen Axel , Lentz Harro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Extractions of ginsenosides from ginseng roots with liquid ammonia, methanol/water (60:40; v/v) or water were carried out. The extracts have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to valuate yield and selectivity of extractions of ginsenosides. Water supplied the lowest yield. The yields of extracts with liquid ammonia were higher than those with m ethanol-water (60%). Yields of the ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by extracting with liquid ammonia are about twice as much as those of the extraction with methanol-water (60%). It was proved by HPLC that malonyl-ginsenosides m -Rb1 m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd were converted to the corresponding neutral ginsenosides by extraction with liquid ammonia. Because of high yields of extracts and simultaneous increase of the contents of Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd the extraction with liquid ammonia is obviously superior to the other extraction methods.
Furtherm ore, ginsenosides from ginseng roots were extracted by alkaline methanol-water (60%) solutions. Alternatively, the extracts of the methanol-water (60%) extraction were treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Both methods convert also the malonyl-ginsenosides to neutral ginsenosides
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 2,4-Bis(methyIamino)-2-pentenium - chlorid [1] / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,4- Bis(methylamino)-2-pentenium Chloride [1]
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Fahl Joanna , Fuchs Stefan , Henkel Gerald 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The vinamidinium chloride C7H15N2Cl (5) is obtained from the corresponding vinamidine C7H14N2 (4) and HCl; the X-ray structure reveals a polymeric nature consisting of w-shaped cations connected with the chloride ions by hydrogen bonds