bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Calcium Sensor-Regulated Protein Kinase, CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19, Is Required for Pollen Tube Growth and Polarity
Authors: Zhou Liming , Lan Wenzhi , Chen Binqing , Fang Wei , Luan Sheng 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Calcium plays an essential role in pollen tube tip growth. However, little is known concerning the molecular basis of the signaling pathways involved. Here, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19 (CIPK19) as an important element to pollen tube growth through a functional survey for CIPK family members. The CIPK19 gene was specifically expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes, and its overexpression induced severe loss of polarity in pollen tube growth. In the CIPK19 loss-of-function mutant, tube growth and polarity were significantly impaired, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth assays. Genetic analysis indicated that disruption of CIPK19 resulted in a male-specific transmission defect. Furthermore, loss of polarity induced by CIPK19 overexpression was associated with elevated cytosolic Ca2+ throughout the bulging tip, whereas LaCl3, a Ca2+ influx blocker, rescued CIPK19 overexpression-induced growth inhibition. Our results suggest that CIPK19 may be involved in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis through its potential function in the modulation of Ca2+ influx.
Towards a gender-aware understanding of innovation: a three-dimensional route
Authors: Nählinder Johanna , Tillmar Malin , Wigren Caroline 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to discuss the theory of gender bias in innovation studies, to illustrate the gender bias of innovation studies by using empirical means and to suggest what is needed to reduce such bias. Previous studies on innovation have primarily focussed on male-dominated industries. These studies have been biased and hence unable to capture the range of innovations covered by theoretical definitions.Design/methodology/approach– An innovation survey was conducted among entrepreneurs in the traditionally “female-labelled” health-care industry, avoiding the “male-labelled” concept of innovation itself in the questionnaire. The authors endeavoured to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of innovativeness. Quantitative analyses were used to analyse the results and draw comparisons with an ordinary innovation survey.Findings– Using a gender-aware operationalisation of innovation, no significant difference in innovativeness was found between men and women. This suggests that more attention is needed to correct the prevailing gender bias in innovation studies. A research model is presented to further understand the gender-biased operationalisations of innovation. Each of its three dimensions has a clear impact upon perceived innovativeness: the gender-label of the sector studied, the gender-neutrality of the operationalisation used in the study and the gender of the actors involved. All dimensions should be taken into account in future innovation studies that aim for gender neutrality.Practical implications– Operationalisations for measuring innovations are usually biased. Therefore, women appear less innovative, which, in turn, leads to less visibility.Originality/value– Gender perspectives are very seldom employed in innovation studies. In quantitative studies of this sort, it is even rarer. Our empirical evidence from the quantitative study shows the urgency of the need to broaden the concept both in academic, political and public debates. This is not the least for efficiency reasons in resource allocation and public policy.
Government’s civil liability towards individuals’ privacy in cyberspace
Authors: Malmir Ameneh , Malmir Mohammad 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– One of the main manifestations of the application of modern information and communication technologies which is considered by governments is the concept of e-government.

Design/methodology/approach
– Developing economic and social interactions requires the government to interfere in people’s private affairs; the issues that were formerly part of the private rights of citizens are now influenced by public rights and actions resulted by the government’s regulation.

Findings
– To provide their individual freedom and welfare, human beings consider it necessary to respect the privacy of each other; they do not want to be watched over or their personal information and secrets to be revealed.

Originality/value
– Many international laws have been legislated in this regard to respect individuals’ privacy and prohibit natural and legal persons from accessing the information; this must be observed by governments, too.
Role of contextual factors in the rehabilitation of adolescent survivors of traumatic brain injury: emerging concepts identified through modified narrative review
Authors: Ciccia Angela Hein , Threats Travis 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecently research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) intervention has identified the benefits of contextualized, embedded, functionally based approaches to maximize treatment outcomes. An essential component of contextualized intervention is the direct and purposeful consideration of the broader context, in which the person with TBI functions. However, systematic consideration of contextual factors remains limited both in research and clinical practice.AimsThe purposes of this modified narrative review were (1) to provide a succinct review of the available literature regarding the contextual factors that are specific to adolescent survivors of TBI, one of highest incidence groups for brain injury; (2) to connect these contextual factors to the direct long‐term management of TBI and to identify their potential impact on outcome; and (3) to highlight areas that are open to research and clinical advances that could enhance positive outcomes for adolescent survivors of TBI. The framework of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health—Children and Youth Version (ICF‐CY; 2007) was used as a foundation for this review.Methods & ProceduresA systematic literature search was conducted using databases and hand searches. A total of 102 articles were originally identified. Twenty‐five original research articles, eight review papers and four expert opinion papers met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the final review.Main ContributionThe body of research specifically focused on contextual factors is an emerging area. Early findings indicate that a focus on the direct modification of contextual factors is promising for the facilitation of positive outcomes long into the chronic phase of management for adolescences who have survived a TBI. The contextual factors included in this review were the overall ability of the school to support a student post‐TBI, family psychosocial risk (sibling/sibling relationships/stress/burden/support), coping style (TBI survivor and their caregivers), and socioeconomic status of the family. Given the promise of these findings, research and clinical application efforts should be focused on identifying well‐prescribed rehabilitation paradigms that capitalize on the modification of contextual factors throughout the recovery process.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe results of this modified narrative review provide an initial summary of the available evidence for addressing contextual factors in the rehabilitation process for adolescents with TBI. This is an area that is wide open for both systematic research and clinical application and holds potential to improve long‐term outcome for survivors of adolescent TBI.
The Consequences of Inequality for Public Policy in Australia
Authors: Triffitt Mark 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGrowing debate on economic inequality in the West has refocused discussion on whether economic elites have too much influence on public policy‐making. The article highlights the extent to which public policy in Australia has been captured by corporate interests and other economic elites in recent years. This raises questions about the quality of public policy now being generated in key areas of reform. It also raises questions about the sustainability of public support for policy constructed by, and on behalf of, narrow corporate interests.
Rising Inequality: A Benign Outgrowth of Markets or a Symptom of Cancerous Political Favours?
Authors: Frijters Paul , Foster Gigi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIs the rise in inequality in Australia due to global changes in the distribution of marginal productivity or changes in the allocation of political favours? This article lays out the arguments for both views. Looking at the tax and subsidy changes that favour the rich, and considering that almost all the 200 richest Australians look like the beneficiaries of political favours rather than innovators or superstars, the article concludes that inequality is probably increasing due to changes in the political realm. The discussion outlines a research agenda and possible counter‐moves, such as more direct democracy and having open markets for political favours.
‘Underclassism’ and access to healthcare in urban centres
Authors: Tang Sannie Y. , Browne Annette J. , Mussell Bill , Smye Victoria L. , Rodney Patricia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this article, we draw on findings from an ethnographic study that explored experiences of healthcare access from the perspectives of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous patients seeking services at the non‐urgent division of an urban emergency department (ED) in Canada. Our aim is to critically examine the notion of ‘underclassism’ within the context of healthcare in urban centres. Specifically, we discuss some of the processes by which patients experiencing poverty and racialisation are constructed as ‘underclass’ patients, and how assumptions of those patients as social and economic Other (including being seen as ‘drug users’ and ‘welfare dependents’) subject them to marginalisation, discrimination, and inequitable treatment within the healthcare system. We contend that healthcare is not only a clinical space; it is also a social space in which unequal power relations along the intersecting axes of ‘race’ and class are negotiated. Given the largely invisible roles that healthcare plays in controlling access to resources and power for people who are marginalised, we argue that there is an urgent need to improve healthcare inequities by challenging the taken‐for‐granted assumption that healthcare is equally accessible for all Canadians irrespective of differences in social and economic positioning.
Towards a universal barcode of oomycetes – a comparison of the cox1 and cox2 loci
Authors: Choi Young‐Joon , Beakes Gordon , Glockling Sally , Kruse Julia , Nam Bora , Nigrelli Lisa , Ploch Sebastian , Shin Hyeon‐Dong , Shivas Roger G. , Telle Sabine , Voglmayr Hermann , Thines Marco 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOomycetes are a diverse group of eukaryotes in terrestrial, limnic and marine habitats worldwide and include several devastating plant pathogens, for example Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight). The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) has been widely used for identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of various oomycete groups. However, recently the cox1 gene was proposed as a DNA barcode marker instead, together with ITS rDNA. The cox1 locus has been used in some studies of Pythium and Phytophthora, but has rarely been used for other oomycetes, as amplification success of cox1 varies with different lineages and sample ages. To determine which out of cox1 or cox2 is best suited as a universal oomycete barcode, we compared these two genes in terms of (i) PCR efficiency for 31 representative genera, as well as for historic herbarium specimens, and (ii) sequence polymorphism, intra‐ and interspecific divergence. The primer sets for cox2 successfully amplified all oomycete genera tested, while cox1 failed to amplify three genera. In addition, cox2 exhibited higher PCR efficiency for historic herbarium specimens, providing easier access to barcoding‐type material. Sequence data for several historic type specimens exist for cox2, but there are none for cox1. In addition, cox2 yielded higher species identification success, with higher interspecific and lower intraspecific divergences than cox1. Therefore, cox2 is suggested as a partner DNA barcode along with ITS rDNA instead of cox1. The cox2‐1 spacer could be a useful marker below species level. Improved protocols and universal primers are presented for all genes to facilitate future barcoding efforts.
How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination
Authors: Giefing‐Kröll Carmen , Berger Peter , Lepperdinger Günter , Grubeck‐Loebenstein Beatrix 
Published: February 2015

SummaryDo men die young and sick, or do women live long and healthy? By trying to explain the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy, both biological and environmental aspects are presently being addressed. Besides age‐related changes, both the immune and the endocrine system exhibit significant sex‐specific differences. This review deals with the aging immune system and its interplay with sex steroid hormones. Together, they impact on the etiopathology of many infectious diseases, which are still the major causes of morbidity and mortality in people at old age. Among men, susceptibilities toward many infectious diseases and the corresponding mortality rates are higher. Responses to various types of vaccination are often higher among women thereby also mounting stronger humoral responses. Women appear immune‐privileged. The major sex steroid hormones exhibit opposing effects on cells of both the adaptive and the innate immune system: estradiol being mainly enhancing, testosterone by and large suppressive. However, levels of sex hormones change with age. At menopause transition, dropping estradiol potentially enhances immunosenescence effects posing postmenopausal women at additional, yet specific risks. Conclusively during aging, interventions, which distinctively consider the changing level of individual hormones, shall provide potent options in maintaining optimal immune functions.
Regulation of the p19Arf/p53 pathway by histone acetylation underlies neural stem cell behavior in senescence‐prone SAMP8 mice
Authors: Soriano‐Cantón Raúl , Perez‐Villalba Ana , Morante‐Redolat José Manuel , Marqués‐Torrejón María Ángeles , Pallás Mercé , Pérez‐Sánchez Francisco , Fariñas Isabel 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBrain aging is associated with increased neurodegeneration and reduced neurogenesis. B1/neural stem cells (B1‐NSCs) of the mouse subependymal zone (SEZ) support the ongoing production of olfactory bulb interneurons, but their neurogenic potential is progressively reduced as mice age. Although age‐related changes in B1‐NSCs may result from increased expression of tumor suppressor proteins, accumulation of DNA damage, metabolic alterations, and microenvironmental or systemic changes, the ultimate causes remain unclear. Senescence‐accelerated‐prone mice (SAMP8) relative to senescence‐accelerated‐resistant mice (SAMR1) exhibit signs of hastened senescence and can be used as a model for the study of aging. We have found that the B1‐NSC compartment is transiently expanded in young SAMP8 relative to SAMR1 mice, resulting in disturbed cytoarchitecture of the SEZ, B1‐NSC hyperproliferation, and higher yields of primary neurospheres. These unusual features are, however, accompanied by premature loss of B1‐NSCs. Moreover, SAMP8 neurospheres lack self‐renewal and enter p53‐dependent senescence after only two passages. Interestingly, in vitro senescence of SAMP8 cells could be prevented by inhibition of histone acetyltransferases and mimicked in SAMR1 cells by inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC). Our data indicate that expression of the tumor suppressor p19, but not of p16, is increased in SAMP8 neurospheres, as well as in SAMR1 neurospheres upon HDAC inhibition, and suggest that the SAMP8 phenotype may, at least in part, be due to changes in chromatin status. Interestingly, acute HDAC inhibition in vivo resulted in changes in the SEZ of SAMR1 mice that resembled those found in young SAMP8 mice.
Kullback–Leibler Distance Methods for Detecting Disease Association with Rare Variants from Sequencing Data
Authors: Turkmen Asuman S. , Yan Zhifei , Hu Yue‐Qing , Lin Shili 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBecause next generation sequencing technology that can rapidly genotype most genetic variations genome, there is considerable interest in investigating the effects of rare variants on complex diseases. In this paper, we propose four Kullback–Leibler distance‐based Tests (KLTs) for detecting genotypic differences between cases and controls. There are several features that set the proposed tests apart from existing ones. First, by explicitly considering and comparing the distributions of genotypes, existence of variants with opposite directional effects does not compromise the power of KLTs. Second, it is not necessary to set a threshold for rare variants as the KL definition makes it reasonable to consider rare and common variants together without worrying about the contribution from one type overshadowing the other. Third, KLTs are robust to null variants thanks to a built‐in noise fighting mechanism. Finally, correlation among variants is taken into account implicitly so the KLTs work well regardless of the underlying LD structure. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrated good performance of KLTs compared to the sum of squared score test (SSU) and optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O). Moreover, application to the Dallas Heart Study data illustrates the feasibility and performance of KLTs in a realistic setting.
Human herpes virus reactivations and dynamic cytokine profiles in patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions – a prospective comparative study
Authors: Chen Y.‐C. , Chiang H.‐H. , Cho Y.‐T. , Chang C.‐Y. , Chen K.‐L. , Yang C.‐W. , Lee Y.‐H. , Chu C.‐Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundSequential human herpes virus (HHV) reactivation is well known in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS), but such a phenomenon has seldom studied in other types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs). Moreover, the association between viral reactivations and cytokine or chemokine changes is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the viral reactivation rates of HHV‐6, HHV‐7, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in different cADRs and their impacts on clinical prognosis. Cytokine and chemokine changes with viral reactivations were also examined.MethodsA prospective study was conducted to monitor the viral statuses of patients with different cADRs by polymerase chain reaction and serum‐specific antibody titers. Changes in plasma cytokine and chemokine levels were also evaluated by sequential blood samples.ResultsAmong the various cADRs, HHV‐6 reactivation was only observed in DRESS, but EBV and CMV could be detected in other cADRs. Many proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, were significantly lower in DRESS patients with HHV‐6 reactivation when compared to those without HHV‐6 reactivation. In addition, these mediators were significantly lower before and during HHV‐6 reactivation, compared to cytokine levels after HHV‐6 reactivation in the same patient.ConclusionHHV‐6 reactivation was only observed in DRESS patients, not in any other cADR. In DRESS patients, some proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower before or during HHV‐6 reactivation.
Effect of topical prostaglandin analogues on corneal hysteresis
Authors: Bolívar Gema , Sánchez‐Barahona Cristina , Teus Miguel , Castejón Miguel A. , Paz‐Moreno‐Arrones Javier , Gutiérrez‐Ortiz Consuelo , Mikropoulos Dimitrios G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate possible changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) after topical treatment with a prostaglandin analogue in medication‐naïve eyes.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study. Sixty‐eight eyes of 68 patients were prospectively included who were newly diagnosed with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in our institution. All patients were treatment‐naïve. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with latanoprost in the eye with the lower intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). The ocular response analyzer was used to measure CH.ResultsCH increased significantly (p = 0.0001) from 8.96 ± 2.3 mmHg to 9.79 ± 1.97 mmHg, and this increase was correlated significantly (p = 0.0001, r = 0.64, r2 = 0.41) with the basal CH. We identified a weak but significant (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.01) relationship between the basal CH and the drug‐induced reduction of the GAT IOP. Nevertheless, the increase in the drug‐induced CH was not correlated with the decrease in the GAT IOP.ConclusionTreatment with latanoprost increases CH. The CH increase was not correlated with the drug‐induced decrease in the GAT IOP, which suggested a direct effect of latanoprost on the viscoelastic corneal properties.
Ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block for single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kamei Hideki , Ishibashi Nobuya , Nakayama Gouichi , Hamada Nobuya , Ogata Yutaka , Akagi Yoshito 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionSingle‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) is increasingly applied for cholecystectomy and has been reported as safe and feasible, with short‐term operative outcomes equivalent to four‐port cholecystectomy. Although many investigators in randomized studies have noted the cosmetic advantages of SILC, the benefit of decreased pain in SILC remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the rectus sheath block in SILC with respect to subjective pain.MethodsFrom April 2010 to March 2012, 75 patients with symptomatic gallstone or gallbladder polyps were assigned to one of three groups: (i) four‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 29); (ii) SILC (n = 15); and (iii) rectus sheath block in SILC (n = 30). We evaluated the operative details, length of hospital stay, and the need and usage of analgesia. Postoperative pain was recorded at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery based on a visual analog scale.ResultsThere was no difference with regard to age, ASA score, BMI, duration of operation, or length of hospital stay among the three groups. A significantly lower pain score was observed in the rectus sheath block in SILC group than in the SILC group at 2 and 6 h after operation. The pain score and need for analgesia were similar between the SILC group and the four‐port cholecystectomy group.ConclusionSILC using an ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block significantly reduces postoperative pain.