bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologinių produktų poveikis ekologinių žieminių kviečių sėklai
Authors: Sinkevičienė Jolanta , Pekarskas Juozas , Krasauskas Aurimas 
Published: July 2015

Biologinių produktų įtakos ekologiškų žieminių kviečių (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) sėklos dygimo energijai, daigumui ir užterštumui mikroskopiniais grybais tyrimai atlikti 2005 ir 2008 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Agroekologijos centro bei Agronomijos fakulteto Biologijos ir augalų biotechnologijos instituto mokslinėse laboratorijose. Biologiniais produktais apdorojus žieminių kviečių sėklą, didėjo sėklos dygimo energija ir daigumas. Dėl Biokal 2 poveikio žieminių kviečių sėkloje nustatytas mažiausias mikroskopinių grybų kolonijų skaičius. Kviečių užterštumą <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Drechlera</i> ir <i>Alternaria</i> genčių grybais efektyviausiai sumažino biojodis. Biologiniai produktai Biokal 2, Penergetic-p šaknims patikimai slopino sėklos užterštumą <i>Drechlera</i> spp., tačiau jie buvo neefektyvūs mažinant sėklos užteršimą <i>Fusarium</i> spp. grybais. Drėgno filtro popieriaus rulonų metodu kviečių daigus koleoptilėse nuo pašaknio pažeidimų patikimai saugojo Biokal 2, šaknų – Biokal 2 ir Penergetic-p šaknims. Kviečių sėklos pažeidimus iš tirtų produktų efektyviausiai mažino biojodis.
Dirvožemio rūgštingumo įtaka pupinių daugiamečių žolių augimui ir vystymuisi sėjos metais
Authors: Tomchuk Donata , Skuodienė Regina , Šlepetys Jonas 
Published: July 2015

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Vėžaičių filiale atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – ištirti dirvožemio rūgštingumo įtaką pupinių žolių augimui ir vystymuisi sėjos metais. Bandymo dirvožemis yra lengvo priemolio nepasotintasis balkšvažemis (JIn) <i>Dystric Albeluvisols (ABd)</i>, susiformavęs ant vidutinio sunkumo moreninio priemolio. Tyrimų metu gauti duomenys rodo, kad pupinių augalų augimas ir vystymasis priklausė nuo jų rūšies, klimatinių veiksnių ir cheminių dirvožemio savybių. Kalkintame dirvožemyje pupinės žolės sudygo anksčiau nei nekalkintame. Pupinių augalų 1–2 tikrųjų lapelių tarpsniu (32 dienos po sėjos) kalkintame dirvožemyje šaknys buvo trumpesnės, tačiau šaknų masė nustatyta iš esmės didesnė (0,0072 g), augalai buvo esmingai aukštesni (4,80 cm). Pupinių augalų 2–6 tikrųjų lapelių tarps­niu (64 dienos po sėjos), esant sausringam laikotarpiui, dirvožemio rūgštingumas neturėjo esminės įtakos šaknų ilgiui ir masei. Tiek kalkintame, tiek nekalkintame dirvožemyje iš esmės sparčiau vystėsi mėlynžiedė liucerna. Dėl mažesnės pupinių augalų konkurencijos su antsėliu jų antžeminės dalies aukštis ir masė reikšmingai didesni (10,6 cm ir 0,1024 g) nekalkintame dirvožemyje. Pupinių augalų skrotelės arba šoninių ūglių formavimosi metu (94 dienos po sėjos) dėl palankių augimo sąlygų intensyviai vystėsi pupinių augalų šaknys, jų masė padidėjo beveik 2 kartus kalkintame dirvožemyje ir 3,9 karto nekalkintame. Iš esmės didesniu šaknų ilgiu (14,99 ir 12,99 cm) išsiskyrė nekalkintame dirvožemyje mėlynžiedė liucerna ir baltasis dobilas, antžeminės dalies mase (0,6433 g) – baltasis dobilas. Vegetacijos pabaigoje (133 dienos po sėjos) pupinių augalų šaknims pasiekus gilesnį nei 10 cm dirvožemio sluoksnį, dėl didesnio judraus aliuminio kiekio jų augimo intensyvumas keitėsi. Nekalkintame ir kalkintame dirvožemiuose sparčiausiai augo raudonojo ir baltojo dobilų šaknys, o silpniausia – mėlynžiedės liucernos šaknys. Kalkintame dirvožemyje pupiniai augalai šaknų gumbelių suformavo 3,4 kartus daugiau nei nekalkintame. Daugiausia gumbelių (47,35 ir 14,60 vnt.) kalkintame ir nekalkintame dirvožemiuose suformavo raudonasis dobilas, o mažiausia (3,25–0,85 vnt.) – mėlynžiedė liucerna.
Effects of monensin on production and energy metabolism in early lactation cows
Authors: Antanaitis Ramūnas , Žilaitis Vytuolis , Juozaitienė Vida , Stoškus Robertas , Televičius Mindaugas 
Published: July 2015

The aim of the research was to investigate effects of monensin controlled-release capsules on production and metabolism in early lactation cows, with relation to the time of administration of monensin. The study was performed in 2014 (from 01/05/2014 to 01/10/2014) at a Lithuanian cattle farm having 500 dairy cows. Four experimental groups were applied as follows: 1) Group 1 (G1) control (no supplementation, n = 20); 2) Group 2 (G2) with supplementation of monensin (32.4 g monensin controlled-release capsule (MCRC), n = 20). Both groups were on 30th day before expected calving; 3) Group 3 (G3) control (no supplementation, n = 10); 4) Group 4 (G4) with supplementation of monensin (32.4 g monensin controlled-release capsule (MCRC), n = 10). Both groups were on day 1 post partum. Group 2 (G2) received MCRC 30 days before calving, Group 4 (G4) 1 day after calving. Experimental and control cows received the same diet and were exposed to the same environment and management conditions during the entire experimental protocol. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vessels: G1 and G2 cows from day –30 (before expected calving, prior to supplementation), each day, up to 30 days post partum; G3 and G4 from day 1 post partum, each day, up to 30 days post partum. Blood serum was tested for beta-hydroxybutyrates (BHB) and glucose concentration. The daily milk yield was measured electronically (DairyPlan C21, Westfalia Surge Inc., GEA). Milk was sampled once monthly. Samples were analyzed for contents of fat, protein, lactose, urea, and somatic cells count. The BHB concentration decreased more efficiently after the supplementation of MCRC after calving. After supplementation with monensin on the first day after calving, it has been identified that the BHB concentration in serum of experimental group (G4) cows statistically significantly decreased after 3 days (p < 0.05). During this period, the average BHB concentration of control group (G3) cows was 0.414 (±0.05) mmol/l, while the BHB concentration of experimental group (G4) cows was 0.27 (±0.03) mmol/l. Statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups were observed during the entire study (p < 0.05). After calving, cows supplemented with monensin showed statistically significant higher production of milk (p < 0.05) than the control group. Statistically significant differences in the blood glucose and BHB concentration, quantity of milk and production average between two experimental groups (G2 and G4) were not identified.
Existence and Stability Results for Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem for Implicit Differential Equations of Fractional Order
Authors: Benchohra Mouffak , Bouriah Soufyane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of solutions for a class of boundary value problem for implicit fractional differential equations with Caputo fractional derivative. The arguments are based upon the Banach contraction principle. Two examples are included to show the applicability of our results.
Statistical study of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesopause region observed by a lidar chain in eastern China
Authors: Gong Shaohua , Yang Guotao , Dou Xiankang , Xu Jiyao , Chen Chunxia , Gong Shunsheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAtmospheric gravity wave activities in the mesopause region have been observed and statistically investigated with a sodium lidar chain in eastern China. In total, there were 471 gravity waves identified from over 5400 h of observations at Hainan (19.99°N, 110.34°E), Hefei (31.87°N, 117.23°E), and Beijing (40.47°N, 115.97°E). These waves typically had vertical wavelengths of λz = 2 − 4 km, observed periods of Tob = 1 − 4 h, amplitude growth factors of β = − 0.025 ~ + 0.05 km−1, and wave amplitudes of Aeβ * 90km = 1.5 − 6 %. Strong systematic parameter relationships were found, and they agree with the predictions of diffusive filtering theory. Statistical results show that the seasonal variability of gravity wave activity had a summer‐maximum and winter‐minimum characteristics in the mesopause region over eastern China. A qualitative interpretation is proposed regarding the seasonal and geographic variability observed by the lidar chain, based on analysis of source properties and influences from background wind, which vary by season.
Continental U.S. streamflow trends from 1940 to 2009 and their relationships with watershed spatial characteristics
Authors: Rice Joshua S. , Emanuel Ryan E. , Vose James M. , Nelson Stacy A. C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChanges in streamflow are an important area of ongoing research in the hydrologic sciences. To better understand spatial patterns in past changes in streamflow, we examined relationships between watershed‐scale spatial characteristics and trends in streamflow. Trends in streamflow were identified by analyzing mean daily flow observations between 1940 and 2009 from 967 U.S. Geological Survey stream gages. Results indicated that streamflow across the continental U.S., as a whole, increased while becoming less extreme between 1940 and 2009. However, substantial departures from the continental U.S. (CONUS) scale pattern occurred at the regional scale, including increased annual maxima, decreased annual minima, overall drying trends, and changes in streamflow variability. A subset of watersheds belonging to a reference data set exhibited significantly smaller trend magnitudes than those observed in nonreference watersheds. Boosted regression tree models were applied to examine the influence of watershed characteristics on streamflow trend magnitudes at both the CONUS and regional scale. Geographic location was found to be of particular importance at the CONUS scale while local variability in hydroclimate and topography tended to have a strong influence on regional‐scale patterns in streamflow trends. This methodology facilitates detailed, data‐driven analyses of how the characteristics of individual watersheds interact with large‐scale hydroclimate forces to influence how changes in streamflow manifest.
T phase observations in global seismogram stacks
Authors: Buehler J. S. , Shearer P. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe T phase, conversion of acoustic to seismic energy, is typically observed as a high‐frequency wave train at hydrophones or coastal seismic stations. Here we show that the T phase can be observed in broadband waveform stacks of ∼5200 earthquakes recorded by the Global Seismic Network. To enhance the phase arrivals in stacks, we apply short‐time window average over long‐time window average filtering to individual traces before stacking. Although the T phase arrival is visible in stacks from seismograms filtered at 0.5–5 Hz, it appears much stronger at higher frequencies (2–8 Hz) and is further enhanced by only stacking seismograms from oceanic paths. Stacking only subsets of the data depending on continental path lengths on the receiver side shows that the T phase can be observed at stations up to 4∘ inland from the coast, and changes in the T phase arrival time correspond to reasonable crustal velocities.
Probabilistic infrasound propagation using realistic atmospheric perturbations
Authors: Smets P. S. M. , Evers L. G. , Näsholm S. P. , Gibbons S. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study demonstrates probabilistic infrasound propagation modeling using realistic perturbations. The ensembles of perturbed analyses, provided by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), include error variances of both model and assimilated observations. Ensemble spread profiles indicate a yearly mean effective sound speed variation of up to 8 ms−1 in the stratosphere, exceeding occasionally 25 ms−1 for a single ensemble set. It is shown that errors in point estimates of effective sound speed are dominated by variations in wind strength and direction. One year of large mining explosions in the Aitik mine, northern Sweden, observed at infrasound array IS37 in northern Norway are simulated using 3‐D ray tracing. Probabilistic propagation modeling using the ensembles demonstrates that small‐scale fluctuations are not always necessary to improve the match between predictions and observations.
First observations of poleward large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances over the African sector during geomagnetic storm conditions
Authors: Habarulema John Bosco , Katamzi Zama Thobeka , Yizengaw Endawoke 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents first observations of poleward traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during strong geomagnetic conditions over the African sector. By analyzing different data sets we have observed both positive and negative ionospheric responses during the storm period of 08–10 March 2012. Considering the African region as a whole, three longitudinal sectors were strategically selected to establish the entire regional response. On both sides of the geomagnetic equator, results show poleward shift in peak total electron content (TEC) enhancements/depletions at different times which are associated to large‐scale TIDs. The observed phenomena are linked to the global ionospheric response and electrodynamics. The understanding has been established using data from International GNSS Service receiver network, radio occultation electron density profiles, derived E×B drift measurements from magnetometer observations and regional ground‐based and satellite data. Contrary to other related studies, generated regional TEC perturbation maps were not enough to show obvious directions of the large‐scale TIDs due to insufficient data over the northern hemispheric part of the African sector. There appears to be a switch between positive and negative storm phases during the same storm period especially in the Southern Hemisphere part of the African region where “enough” data were available. However, a detailed analysis revealed that the positive storm phase corresponded to the expansion of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) toward some parts of midlatitude regions (and possibly with the contribution from low‐latitude electrodynamics associated to equatorial electrojet), while the other part recorded a negative storm phase due to storm‐induced changes from the auroral origin. We have observed a simultaneous occurrence of both poleward and equatorward propagating TIDs over the African sector during the same geomagnetic storm period. Our results show that short‐lived large‐scale TIDs are possibly launched by the equatorial electrojet, while the EIA expansion contributes (through modulation) to the poleward propagation of the disturbances. Temporal variation of TEC perturbations on a storm day over the entire African sector showed the existence of large‐scale TIDs during the main and recovery phases which can travel poleward up to 20° latitude. The amplitudes of the TIDs have range ±2 total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2, period of 2 h and virtual velocities of 250 ± 59–750 ± 95 m/s in midlatitude regions and up to 990 ± 65 m/s within the EIA region.
Slow westward movement of salinity anomalies across the tropical South Indian Ocean
Authors: Vargas‐Hernandez J. Mauro , Wijffels Susan , Meyers Gary , Holbrook Neil J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDecadal salinity variability is an important characteristic of the ocean. It characterizes differences in evaporative and precipitation fluxes at the surface, and in the subsurface it contributes to steric sea level change and freshwater/salt transports. In this paper, we identify and describe westward moving and decadally varying salinity anomalies within the thermocline of the tropical South Indian Ocean (SIO) based on ocean state estimates from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 2.2.4 (SODA). This signature in the salinity anomalies is expressed at the depth of 20°C isotherm (D20). A two‐dimensional radon transform quantifies the westward speeds as being between 0.4 and 1.7 cm s−1. These speeds are slower than those of first baroclinic‐mode Rossby waves or mean advection speeds of the background flow in the same regions. The decadal salinity anomaly originates in the subtropical eastern SIO (∼ 39% of the variance explained) and merges with remote anomalies from the western tropical Pacific Ocean (WTPO) via the Indonesian Seas (∼ 11% of the variance explained). The eastern SIO displays both decadal (∼ 10–15 years) and interdecadal (∼ 15–30 years) variability influenced by the WTPO, whereas the decadal variability in the western SIO seems to be more influenced by signals originating in the subtropical eastern SIO. We conclude that these salinity anomalies are consistent with signatures of nonlinear baroclinic disturbances as explained in the recent literature, and possible interaction of higher order baroclinic‐mode Rossby waves with the mean flow.
Maschinengestützte organische Synthese
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Myers Rebecca M. , Battilocchio Claudio , Ingham Richard. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir, welche Konsequenzen der zunehmende Einsatz von Maschinen für organische Syntheseprogramme haben wird, wobei wir einen besonderen Schwerpunkt auf praktische Fragen des Reaktor‐Designs legen. In dem sich rasch verändernden und vielschichtigen Umfeld eines Forschungslabors ist eine modulare Ausstattung erforderlich, um hohe und tiefe Temperaturen und Drücke, Enzyme, Mehrphasensysteme, Schlämme, Gase und Organometallverbindungen in Einklang zu bringen. Um spezialisierte Reaktionsverfahren wie elektrochemische und photochemische Umsetzungen zu vereinfachen, wurden weitere Techniken entwickelt. All diese Teilgebiete halten Chancen und Herausforderungen bereit.
Preparation of Solid, Substituted Allylic Zinc Reagents and Their Reactions with Electrophiles
Authors: Ellwart Mario , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe treatment of various allylic chlorides or bromides with zinc dust in the presence of lithium chloride and magnesium pivalate (Mg(OCOtBu)2) in THF affords allylic zinc reagents which, after evaporation of the solvent, produce solid zinc reagents that display excellent thermal stability. These allylic reagents undergo Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with PEPPSI‐IPent, as well as highly regioselective and diastereoselective additions to aryl ketones and aldehydes. Acylation with various acid chlorides regioselectively produces the corresponding homoallylic ketones, with the new CC bond always being formed on the most hindered carbon of the allylic system.
Meta-analysis of KRAS mutations and survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Brudvik K W , Kopetz S E , Li L , Conrad C , Aloia T A , Vauthey J-N 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
In patients with advanced colorectal cancer, KRAS mutation status predicts response to treatment with monoclonal antibody targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). Recent reports have provided evidence that KRAS mutation status has prognostic value in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM) irrespective of treatment with chemotherapy or anti-EGFR therapy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to clarify the impact of KRAS mutation on outcomes in patients with resectable CLM.

Methods
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically to identify full-text articles reporting KRAS-stratified overall (OS) or recurrence-free (RFS) survival after resection of CLM. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 per cent c.i. from multivariable analyses were pooled in meta-analyses, and a random-effects model was used to calculate weight and overall results.

Results
The search returned 355 articles, of which 14, including 1809 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported OS after resection of CLM in 1181 patients. The mutation rate was 27·6 per cent, and KRAS mutation was negatively associated with OS (HR 2·24, 95 per cent c.i. 1·76 to 2·85). Seven studies reported RFS after resection of CLM in 906 patients. The mutation rate was 28·0 per cent, and KRAS mutation was negatively associated with RFS (HR 1·89, 1·54 to 2·32).

Conclusion
KRAS mutation status is a prognostic factor in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases and should be considered in the evaluation of patients having liver resection.
Renal frame count: A measure of renal flow that predicts success of renal artery stenting in hypertensive patients
Authors: Naghi Jesse , Palakodeti Samhita , Ang Lawrence , Reeves Ryan , Patel Mitul , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesRenal artery (RA) stenting can improve control of hypertension yet predicting clinical response remains difficult. We sought to determine the role of the renal frame count (RFC) (number of angiographic frames for contrast to reach distal renal parenchyma after initial RA opacification) as a predictor of improvement in blood pressure (BP) after RA stenting.MethodsRenal flow was quantified in 68 consecutive patients (age 72.5 ± 9.1 years, 72% male) undergoing RA stenting for refractory hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg despite treatment with two or more antihypertensive medications) by measuring RFC pre‐RA stenting. Significant renal artery stenosis (RAS) was defined as a stenosis ≥ 70% by visual estimation on angiography. Baseline and 6‐month follow‐up BP was recorded. Clinical response was defined by a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) >10 mm Hg on the same or fewer number of anti‐hypertensive medications.ResultsPatients with RFC > 30 had SBP reduction (43.2 ± 25.7 mm Hg vs. 30.1 ± 31.3 mm Hg, P = 0.067), diastolic blood pressure reduction (9.1 ± 19.0 vs. −0.2 ± 13.4 mm Hg, P = 0.02), and mean arterial pressure reduction (23.8 ± 19.4 vs. 11.8 ± 16.1 mm Hg, P < 0.001) compared to patients with RFC ≤ 30. Furthermore, baseline RFC >30 was associated with a higher rate of clinical response to RA stenting (93.5% vs. 73%, P = 0.027).ConclusionsRFC can be used as a clinical predictor of response to RA stenting. RFC > 30 was associated with reduction in BP after RA stenting and was predictive of clinical response. RFC provides a useful intraprocedural tool in assessing the severity of RAS and predicts the likelihood of clinical response following RA stenting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Renal artery stenting: Patient selection post‐CORAL
Authors: Segrest J. Hudson , Hillegass William B. 
Published: July 2015

Key Points

Randomized trials (RCT) show no meaningful improvement in hypertension control with renal artery stenting (RAS) compared to medical therapy alone in patients with largely moderate hypertension and intermediate grade stenoses. Observational studies of patients with severe hypertension and high‐grade stenoses on multiple medications report blood pressure improvement after RAS.
Angiographic severity of renal artery stenosis has poor correlation with functional measures of flow impairment.
Renal frame count may be a useful simple measure of flow impairment, predicting beneficial blood pressure response to RAS. If confirmed in other studies, renal frame count > 30 and a combination of predictive clinical factors may help guide selection of patients for RAS in contemporary practice.
Which do you prefer, OCT or IVUS?
Authors: Tobis Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

Key Points

OCT has higher resolution than IVUS.
This study compared the measurements of lumen and stent diameters from IVUS or OCT but the images were chosen by the 11 observers so that the exact same images were not measured.
The standard deviation of the measurements is tighter with OCT images. The absolute difference in measurements was small. This may be clinically insignificant, but operators may feel that it is easier to measure stent size from the OCT images.