bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social anxiety and perception of early parenting among American, Chinese American, and social phobic samples
Authors: Leung Anna W. , Heimberg Richard G. , Holt Craig S. , Bruch Monroe A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmotionally distant and controlling child‐rearing attitudes have been reported to characterize the parents of American or western European social phobics in previous research. However, the notion that these parental attitudes may be associated with social anxiety only in some cultures has not been investigated. The present study examined social anxiety among American social phobics and American and Chinese/Chinese American volunteer samples and how it may relate to their parents' child‐rearing attitudes. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed overall group differences. Both volunteer samples reported lower levels of anxiety than social phobics. Parents of Chinese/Chinese Americans and social phobics were reported to be similar in their (1) isolation of children from social activities; (2) over‐empbasis of othersY opinions; and (3) use of shame tactics for discipline (more so than American volunteers' parents). However, parents of nonsocial phobics were more likely to attend family social activities than social phobics' parents. Overall, the association between a reported parenting style emphasizing others' opinions and shame tactics and social anxiety in their adult children was more evident in both American samples than among Chinese/Chinese Americans. Anxiety 1:80–89 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pilot study of a CCKB antagonist in patients with panic disorder: Preliminary findings
Authors: Sramek J. J. , Kramer M. S. , Reines S. A. , Cutler N. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractL‐365,260 is a CCKB antagonist which has been shown to completely prevent CCK‐4‐induced symptoms of panic attack in single‐dose (50 mg) placebo‐controlled studies in patients with panic disorder. The present report is data from one site (n = 38) in a multicenter study (n = 88) designed to assess the preliminary efficacy and safely of L‐365,260 in patients meeting DSM‐III‐R criteria for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. In order to participate, male and female patients were between 18–55 years of age and in good physical health. Following a one‐week single‐blind placebo lead‐in, patients were randomized to 30 mg four times daily of L‐365,260 (n = 18; 7 M, 11 F) or placebo (n = 20; 9 M, 11 F) for six weeks. At end of study, none of the efficacy measures, including the frequency of panic attacks, the Physician's Global Improvement Scale, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, were significantly improved over baseline values. L‐365,260 was well‐tolerated the most common drug‐related adverse events were headache and lightheadedness. Further testing of L‐365,260 at higher dosages, or testing of other CCKB antagonists, is required to rule out the usefulness of this novel treatment approach. Anxiety 1:141–143 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacotherapy of post‐traumatic stress disorder with a novel psychotropic
Authors: Katz Richard J. , Lott Michael H. , Arbus Philipe , Crocq Louis , Herlobsen Par , Lingjaerde Odd , Lopez Girard , Loughrey G. C. , Macfarlane D. J. , McIvor R. , Mehlum Lars , Nugent Dermot , Turner Stuart W. , Weisaeth Lars , Yule William 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel trial conducted in outpatients in three countries. Following screening and placebo washout, patients received brofaromine (a combined MAO‐A inhibitor/5‐HT transport inhibitor) or placebo in a flexible dosing design. Based upon the CAPS, a standardized post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) interview, findings from a cohort involving both subchronic and chronic traumatic stress marginally favored brofaromine over placebo; however, not to a statistically significant degree. With a more conservation definition of the syndrome, employing a primary cohort of patients with PTSD of one year or greater duration, brofaromine significantly reduced PTSD symptoms in comparison with placebo. In all analyses a substantial proportion of patients in both drug and placebo groups remained symptomatic throughout. Findings were supported by an analysis of secondary measures. Brofaromine may be of benefit in the therapy of PTSD. Anxiety 1:169–174 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sertraline in social phobia
Authors: Munjack Dennis J. , Flowers Calvin , Eagan Terry V. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEleven consecutive SCID‐diagnosed generalized social phobias without major depression, other prominent anxiety disorders, substance abuse, alcoholism or organic mental disorder, were treated, open label, with sertraline up to 200 mg daily for 12 weeks. There were seven completers. Of these, five showed substantial improvement, after being on sertraline 100 mg daily for two weeks (following no response to sertraline 50 mg daily for four weeks). There were few side effects among the completers. The four dropouts complained of side effects and loss of interest in continuing treatment. Final average dose for completers who responded was 170 mg daily. Anxiety 1:196–198 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luminescent Palladium(II) Complexes with π‐Extended Cyclometalated [RC^N^NR′] and Pentafluorophenylacetylide Ligands: Spectroscopic, Photophysical, and Photochemical Properties
Authors: Chow Pui‐Keong , To Wai‐Pong , Low Kam‐Hung , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of cyclometalated PdII complexes that contain π‐extended RC^N^NR′ (RC^N^NR′=3‐(6′‐aryl‐2′‐pyridinyl)isoquinoline) and chloride/pentafluorophenylacetylide ligands have been synthesized and their photophysical and photochemical properties examined. The complexes with the chloride ligand are emissive only in the solid state and in glassy solutions at 77 K, whereas the ones with the pentafluorophenylacetylide ligand show phosphorescence in the solid state (λmax=584–632 nm) and in solution (λmax=533–602 nm) at room temperature. Some of the complexes with the pentafluorophenylacetylide ligand show emission with λmax at 585–602 nm upon an increase in the complex concentration in solutions. These PdII complexes can act as photosensitizers for the light‐induced aerobic oxidation of amines. In the presence of 0.1 mol % PdII complex, secondary amines can be oxidized to the corresponding imines with substrate conversions and product yields up to 100 and 99 %, respectively. In the presence of 0.15 mol % PdII complex, the oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines could be performed with product yields up to 91 %. The PdII complexes have also been used to sensitize photochemical hydrogen production with a three‐component system that comprises the PdII complex, [Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl] (dmgH=dimethylglyoxime; py=pyridine), and triethanolamine, and a maximum turnover of hydrogen production of 175 in 4 h was achieved. The excited‐state electron‐transfer properties of the PdII complexes have been examined.
Cellulose hydrolysis and binding with Trichoderma reesei Cel5A and Cel7A and their core domains in ionic liquid solutions
Authors: Wahlström Ronny , Rahikainen Jenni , Kruus Kristiina , Suurnäkki Anna 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIonic liquids (ILs) dissolve lignocellulosic biomass and have a high potential as pretreatment prior to total enzymatic hydrolysis. ILs are, however, known to inactivate cellulases. In this article, enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and enzyme binding onto the cellulosic substrate were studied in the presence of cellulose‐dissolving ILs. Two different ILs, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([DMIM]DMP) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]AcO), and two monocomponent cellulases, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase Cel7A and endoglucanase Cel5A, were used in the study. The role and IL sensitivity of the carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) were studied by performing hydrolysis and binding experiments with both the intact cellulases, and their respective core domains (CDs). Based on hydrolysis yields and substrate binding experiments for the intact enzymes and their CDs in the presence of ILs, the function of the CBM appeared to be very IL sensitive. Binding data suggested that the CBM was more important for the substrate binding of endoglucanase Cel5A than for the binding of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A. The CD of Cel7A was able to bind well to cellulose even without a CBM, whereas Cel5A CD had very low binding affinity. Hydrolysis also occurred with Cel5A CD even if this protein had very low binding affinity in all the studied matrices. Binding and hydrolysis were less affected by the studied ILs for Cel7A than for Cel5A. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of IL effects on cellulase substrate binding. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 726–733. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating apatite formation and osteogenic activity of electrospun composites for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Patlolla Ajitha , Arinzeh Treena Livingston 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSignificant interest has been in examining calcium phosphate ceramics, specifically β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) (Ca3(PO4)2) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), in composites and more recently, in fibrous composites formed using the electrospinning technique for bone tissue engineering applications. Calcium phosphate ceramics are sought because they can be bone bioactive, which means an apatite forms on their surface that facilitates bonding to bone tissue, and are osteoconductive. However, studies examining the bioactivity of electrospun composites containing calcium phosphates and their corresponding osteogenic activity have been limited. In this study, electrospun composites consisting of (20/80) HA/TCP nanoceramics and poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were fabricated. Solvent and solvent combinations were evaluated to form scaffolds with a maximum concentration and dispersion of ceramic and pore sizes large enough for cell infiltration and tissue growth. PCL was dissolved in either methylene chloride (Composite‐MC) or a combination of methylene chloride (80%) and dimethylformamide (20%; Composite‐MC + DMF). Composites were evaluated in vitro for degradation, apatite formation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with an emphasis on temporal gene expression of osteogenic markers and the pluripotent gene Sox‐2. Apatite formation and the osteogenic differentiation was the greatest for Composite‐MC as determined by gene expression, protein production and biochemical markers, even without the presence of osteoinductive factors in the media, in comparison to Composite‐MC + DMF and unfilled PCL mats. Sox‐2 levels also reduced over time. The results of this study demonstrate that the solvent or solvent combination used in preparing the electrospun composite mats plays a critical role in determining their bioactivity which may, in turn, affect cell behavior. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1000–1017. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of dapiprazole on dried blood spots and urine: application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Ramesh Thippani , Nageswara Rao Pothuraju , Nageswara Rao Ramisetti 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method for determination of dapiprazole on rat dried blood spots and urine was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse‐phase C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm), using 20 mm ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 4.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) as a mobile phase at 25 °C. LC‐MS detection was performed with selective ion monitoring using target ions at m/z 326 and m/z 306 for dapiprazole and mepiprazole used as internal standard, respectively. The calibration curve showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 1–3000 ng/mL. The effect of hematocrit on extraction of dapiprazole from DBS was evaluated. The mean recoveries of dapiprazole from DBS and urine were 93.88 and 90.29% respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <4.19% in DBS as well as urine. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.30 and 1.10 ng/mL in DBS and 0.45 and 1.50 ng/mL in urine samples, respectively. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of dapiprazole in rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene to 2‐Butene in a Continuous Gas Phase Reaction using SILP‐Type Cationic Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Scholz Judith , Hager Veit , Wang Xinjiao , Kohler Florian T. U. , Sternberg Michelle , Haumann Marco , Szesni Normen , Meyer Karsten , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOwing to shifting market demands, it is important to convert ethylene to propylene. One attractive way to achieve this conversion is the dimerization of ethylene to 1‐butene, followed by isomerization to 2‐butene and subsequent metathesis of 2‐butene/ethylene olefin. Our contribution focuses on combining the first two steps. Herein, we report a highly selective tandem dimerization/isomerization of ethylene to 2‐butene catalyzed by homogeneously dissolved cationic nickel complexes. These catalysts can be efficiently immobilized by using the supported ionic liquid phase technology. Such supported ionic liquid phase materials have been tested under continuous gas phase conditions and demonstrated attractive catalytic performance with respect to both catalyst stability and productivity after the optimization of support, ionic liquid, ligand, and process parameters. The limited thermal stability of the nickel complexes and olefin condensation at too low temperatures require a careful thermal management of the fixed‐bed reactor.
The Partial Hydrogenation of 1,3‐Dienes Catalysed by Soluble Transition‐Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Luza Leandro , Gual Aitor , Dupont Jairton 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe partial hydrogenation of 1,3‐dienes is a structure sensitive reaction that is typically catalysed by classical heterogeneous (heterotopic) or homogeneous (homotopic) catalysts. Recently, soluble transition‐metal nanoparticles (M‐NPs), particularly palladium and gold‐based systems, have emerged as an efficient alternative. Here, we review the current state of the techniques for the partial hydrogenation of 1,3‐dienes by M‐NPs and conclude that, from the reactivity point of view, these materials possess heterotopic‐like and homotopic‐like characteristics. They are heterotopic‐like because the relative concentration of the monoalkene with respect to the diene does not affect the product selectivity and their catalytic performance is affected by their physical properties (such as size and shape). Furthermore, they are easily recoverable, with long catalytic lifetimes. Additionally, as homotopic systems, their reactivity can be tuned by using an appropriate organic stabiliser, which displays substrate‐selective levels that are not observed for classical heterotopic catalysts.
The Borosulfate Story Goes on—From Alkali and Oxonium Salts to Polyacids
Authors: Daub Michael , Kazmierczak Karolina , Höppe Henning A. , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe structural principles of borosulfates derived from the B/S ratio are confirmed and extended to new representatives of this class showing novel motifs. According to the composition, Na[B(S2O7)2] (P21/c; a=10.949(6), b=8.491(14), c=12.701(8) Å; β=110.227(1)°; Z=4) and K[B(S2O7)2] (Cc; a=11.3368(6), b=14.662(14), c=13.6650(8) Å; β=94.235(1)°; Z=8) contain isolated [B(S2O7)2]− ions, in which the central BO4 tetrahedron is coordinated by two disulfate units. The alkali cations have coordination numbers of 7 (Na) and 8 (K), respectively. The structure of Cs[B(S2O7)(SO4)] (P21/c; a=10.4525(6), b=11.3191(14), c=8.2760(8) Å; β=103.206(1); Z=4) combines, for the first time, sulfate and disulfate units into a chain structure. Cs has a coordination number of 12. The same structural units were found in H[B(S2O7)(SO4)] (P21/c; a=15.6974(6), b=11.4362(14), c=8.5557(8) Å; β=90.334(3)°; Z=8). This compound represents the first example of a polyacid. The hydrogen atoms were located and connect the chains to form layers through hydrogen‐bonding bridges. H3O[B(SO4)2] (P4/ncc; a=9.1377(6), c=7.3423(8) Å; Z=4) is the first oxonium compound of this type to be found. The BO4 tetrahedra are linked by SO4 tetrahedra to form linear chains similar to those in SiS2. The chains form a tetragonal rod packing structure with H3O+ between the rods. The structures of borosulfates can be classified following the concept described by Liebau for silicates, which was extended to borophosphates by Kniep et al. In contrast to these structures, borosulfates do not comprise B‐O‐B bonds but instead contain S‐O‐S connections. All compounds were obtained as colourless, moisture‐sensitive single crystals by reaction of B2O3 and the appropriate alkali salt in oleum.
Using Remote Substituents to Control Solution Structure and Anion Binding in Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Tropiano Manuel , Blackburn Octavia A. , Tilney James A. , Hill Leila R. , Placidi Matteo P. , Aarons Rebecca J. , Sykes Daniel , Jones Michael W. , Kenwright Alan M. , Snaith John S. , Sørensen Thomas Just , Faulkner Stephen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA study of the anion‐binding properties of three structurally related lanthanide complexes, which all contain chemically identical anion‐binding motifs, has revealed dramatic differences in their anion affinity. These arise as a consequence of changes in the substitution pattern on the periphery of the molecule, at a substantial distance from the binding pocket. Herein, we explore these remote substituent effects and explain the observed behaviour through discussion of the way in which remote substituents can influence and control the global structure of a molecule through their demands upon conformational space. Peripheral modifications to a binuclear lanthanide motif derived from α,α′‐bis(DO3 Ayl)‐m‐xylene are shown to result in dramatic changes to the binding constant for isophthalate. In this system, the parent compound displays considerable conformational flexibility, yet can be assumed to bind to isophthalate through a well‐defined conformer. Addition of steric bulk remote from the binding site restricts conformational mobility, giving rise to an increase in binding constant on entropic grounds as long as the ideal binding conformation is not excluded from the available range of conformers.
β‐Hydroxyamide‐Based Ligands and Their Use in the Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Prochiral Ketones
Authors: Azizoglu Murat , Erdogan Asli , Arslan Nevin , Turgut Yilmaz 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTHydroxyamide‐based ligands have occupied a considerable place in asymmetric synthesis. Here we report the synthesis of seven β‐hydroxyamide‐based ligands from the reaction of 2‐hydroxynicotinic acid with chiral amino alcohols and test their effect on the enantioselective reduction of aromatic prochiral ketones with borane in tetrahydofuran (THF). They produce the corresponding secondary alcohols with up to 76% enantiomeric excess (ee) and good to excellent yields (86‐99%). Chirality 26:21–26, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Design, Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinones with Enhanced Anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Activity
Authors: Moreira Diogo Rodrigo Magalhães , Lima Leite Ana Cristina , Cardoso Marcos Verissimo Oliveira , Srivastava Rajendra Mohan , Hernandes Marcelo Zaldini , Rabello Marcelo Montenegro , da Cruz Luana Faria , Ferreira Rafaela Salgado , de Simone Carlos Alberto , Meira Cássio Santana , Guimaraes Elisalva Teixeira , da Silva Aline Caroline , dos Santos Thiago André Ramos , Pereira Valéria Rêgo Alves , Pereira Soares Milena Botelho 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPharmacological treatment of Chagas disease is based on benznidazole, which displays poor efficacy when administered during the chronic phase of infection. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic options is needed. This study reports on the structural design and synthesis of a new class of anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi thiazolidinones (4 a–p). (2‐[2‐Phenoxy‐1‐(4‐bromophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazono]‐5‐ethylthiazolidin‐4‐one (4 h) and (2‐[2‐phenoxy‐1‐(4‐phenylphenyl)ethylidene)hydrazono]‐5‐ethylthiazolidin‐4‐one (4 l) were the most potent compounds, resulting in reduced epimastigote proliferation and were toxic for trypomastigotes at concentrations below 10 μM, while they did not display host cell toxicity up to 200 μM. Thiazolidinone 4 h was able to reduce the in vitro parasite burden and the blood parasitemia in mice with similar potency to benznidazole. More importantly, T. cruzi infection reduction was achieved without exhibiting mouse toxicity. Regarding the molecular mechanism of action, these thiazolidinones did not inhibit cruzain activity, which is the major trypanosomal protease. However, investigating the cellular mechanism of action, thiazolidinones altered Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology, produced atypical cytosolic vacuoles, as well as induced necrotic parasite death. This structural design employed for the new anti‐T. cruzi thiazolidinones (4 a–p) led to the identification of compounds with enhanced potency and selectivity compared to first‐generation thiazolidinones. These compounds did not inhibit cruzain activity, but exhibited strong antiparasitic activity by acting as parasiticidal agents and inducing a necrotic parasite cell death.
Usefulness of p16/Ki67 immunostaining in the triage of women referred to colposcopy
Authors: Ordi Jaume , Sagasta Amaia , Munmany Meritxell , Rodríguez‐Carunchio Leonardo , Torné Aureli , del Pino Marta 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study compared the performance of p16/Ki67 dual‐staining and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in women referred to colposcopy and sought to determine the usefulness of a morphological evaluation of the double‐stained cells.METHODSThis prospective study included 1123 women (mean age, 35.8 ± 10.9 years) referred to colposcopy from October 2009 to November 2012 due to positive HPV testing or abnormal cytology results (atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, or worse abnormalities). Liquid‐based cytology specimens (PreservCyt, Hologic) were used for HPV detection (Hybrid Capture 2 [HC2]; Qiagen) and p16/Ki67 dual‐staining (CINtec Plus; Roche‐mtm Laboratories). All women underwent histological study. After completion of the study, 18 patients were classified as having cervical cancer (CC), 378 had a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 304 had a low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 423 were negative.RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of p16/Ki67 dual‐staining for HSIL/CC were 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87.9‐93.9) and 72.1 (95% CI = 68.7‐75.4), respectively. For HC2, the figures were, respectively, 96.0% (95% CI = 93.9‐98.0) and 41.4 (95% CI = 37.7‐45.0). The values were high both in women < 30 and ≥ 30 years old (86.9% and 63.3% versus 92.3% and 77.8%, respectively). The addition of a morphological evaluation of the dual‐stain–positive cells with establishment of HSIL features as the threshold for a positive reaction increased the specificity (93.5%) but decreased the sensitivity (84.1%).CONCLUSIONSUse of the molecular markers p16 and Ki67 has higher specificity than HC2 tests for HSIL or CC, which may support p16/Ki67 dual‐staining use in the triage of patients referred for abnormal screening results. Morphological evaluation of p16/Ki67‐positive cells may have some benefits in women younger than 30 years or with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 20141;22:227–235. © 2013 American Cancer Society.