bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The f-Chromatic Index of a Graph Whose f-Core Has Maximum Degree 2
Authors: Akbari S. , Chavooshi M. , Ghanbari M. , Zare S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract.Let G be a graph. The minimum number of colors needed to color the edges of G is called the chromatic index of G and is denoted by χ'(G). It is well known that , for any graph G, where Δ(G) denotes the maximum degree of G. A graph G is said to be class 1 if x'(G) = Δ(G) and class 2 if χ'(G) = Δ(G)+1. Also, GΔ is the induced subgraph on all vertices of degree Δ(G). Let f : V(G) → ℕ be a function. An f-coloring of a graph G is a coloring of the edges of E(G) such that each color appears at each vertex v ∊ V(G) at most f (v) times. The minimum number of colors needed to f-color G is called the f-chromatic index of G and is denoted by χ'f (G). It was shown that for every graph , where . A graph G is said to be f -class 1 , and f -class 2, otherwise. Also, GΔf is the induced subgraph of G on . Hilton and Zhao showed that if G has maximum degree two and G is class 2, then G is critical, GΔ is a disjoint union of cycles and δ(G) = Δ(G)–1, where δ(G) denotes the minimum degree of G, respectively. In this paper, we generalize this theorem to f -coloring of graphs. Also, we determine the f -chromatic index of a connected graph G with |GΔf| ≤ 4.
The Orthonormal Dilation Property for Abstract Parseval Wavelet Frames
Authors: Currey B. , Mayeli A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract.In this work we introduce a class of discrete groups containing subgroups of abstract translations and dilations, respectively. A variety of wavelet systems can appear as π(Γ)ψ , where π is a unitary representation of a wavelet group and Γ is the abstract pseudo-lattice Γ. We prove a sufficent condition in order that a Parseval frame π(Γ) ψ can be dilated to an orthonormal basis of the form τ (Γ) ψ, where τ is a super-representation of π. For a subclass of groups that includes the case where the translation subgroup is Heisenberg, we show that this condition always holds, and we cite familiar examples as applications.
Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Correlations between and within Adults in a Longitudinal Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Woolcott Christy G. , Dishman Rod K. , Motl Robert W. , Matthai Caroline Horwath , Nigg Claudio R. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To determine if changes in physical activity were associated with changes in fruit and vegetable intake. Design. Prospective cohort. Setting. Hawaii. Subjects. Seven hundred adults (18+ years) sampled from the general population. Measures. Computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; the National Cancer Institute's Fruit and Vegetable Screener. Analysis. Between-individual correlations of each individual's mean physical activity and mean fruit and vegetable intake were estimated with Pearson correlations. Correlations of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake within individuals over time were calculated from analysis of covariance models to factor out the variation between individuals. Results. Individuals with a higher mean physical activity duration tended to eat more fruits and vegetables (r =.30, p < .0001). Within individuals, no average correlation between physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetables was observed over time (r =.03). The variation was great in that some individuals, these behaviors changed simultaneously, but in others, they did not. Conclusion. Although individuals who are more physically active tend to eat more fruits and vegetables (i.e., there is a weak correlation between individuals), on average, individuals do not simultaneously change these behaviors. Implications are that health behaviors may not covary, or that intervention is necessary to bring about covariation in health behaviors. The great variation from individual to individual in the extent to which these two behaviors covaried needs to be studied to determine if the individual tendency for behaviors to covary could be measured and used to individually tailor multiple behavior interventions.
Pilot Evaluation of a Media Literacy Program for Tobacco Prevention Targeting Early Adolescents Shows Mixed Results
Authors: Kaestle Christine E. , Chen Yvonnes , Estabrooks Paul A. , Zoellner Jamie , Bigby Brandon 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the impact of media literacy for tobacco prevention for youth delivered through a community site. Design. A randomized pretest-posttest evaluation design with matched-contact treatment and control conditions. Setting. The pilot study was delivered through the YMCA in a lower-income suburban and rural area of Southwest Virginia, a region long tied, both economically and culturally, to the tobacco industry. Subjects. Children ages 8 to 14 (76% white, 58% female) participated in the study (n = 38). Intervention. The intervention was an antismoking media literacy program (five 1-hour lessons) compared with a matched-contact creative writing control program. Measures. General media literacy, three domains of tobacco-specific media literacy (“authors and audiences,” “messages and meanings,” and “representation and reality”), tobacco attitudes, and future expectations were assessed. Analysis. Multiple regression modeling assessed the impact of the intervention, controlling for pretest measures, age, and sex. Results. General media literacy and tobacco-specific “authors and audiences” media literacy improved significantly for treatment compared with control (p < .05); results for other tobacco-specific media literacy measures and for tobacco attitudes were not significant. Future expectations of smoking increased significantly for treatment participants ages 10 and younger (p < .05). Conclusion. Mixed results indicated that improvements in media literacy are accompanied by an increase in future expectations to smoke for younger children.
Associations between Education and Personal Income with Body Mass Index among Australian Women Residing in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
Authors: Williams Lauren K. , Andrianopoulos Nick , Cleland Verity , Crawford David , Ball Kylie 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. The aims of the current study were to (1) determine the association between personal income and body mass index (BMI) and between individual education and BMI, and (2) examine the association between education and BMI across strata of personal income among women. Design. The design of the study was a quantitative analysis of data from self-report questionnaires. Setting. The study setting was socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Victoria, Australia. Subjects. The study included 4065 nonpregnant women (ages 18–45 years) living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Measures. The study used a self report questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics known to be associated with BMI. Analysis. Multiple linear regressions with imputation were used to assess the association between education level, personal income, and BMI, while controlling for covariates. Results. Mean (SD) observed BMI was 26.0 (6.1) kg/m2. Compared with women with low education, women with medium (b = −0.81; 95% confidence interval, −1.30 to −0.27; p = .004) and high (b = −1.71; 95% confidence interval, −2.34 to −1.09; p < .001) education had statistically significantly lower BMI values. No differences in BMI were observed between income categories. Stratified analyses suggested that the education-BMI association may be stronger in low-income than higher-income women. Conclusion. Our data show that among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, high education level rather than personal income may be protective against overweight/obesity. High personal income, however, may buffer the effects of low education on BMI. Obesity prevention efforts should target women with amplified disadvantage.
Behavioral Mediators of the Association between Neighborhood Environment and Weight Status in Nigerian Adults
Authors: Oyeyemi Adewale L. , Deforche Benedicte , Sallis James F. , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Van Dyck Delfien 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. Neighborhood built environments are related to obesity and physical activity (PA), but inconsistently to sedentary behaviors. This study investigated the mediating effects of PA and sedentary time on the associations of neighborhood environmental factors and body mass index (BMI) among Nigerian adults. Design. The study design was cross-sectional. Setting. The study setting was metropolitan Maiduguri, Nigeria. Subjects. Nigerian adults (n = 1411) were randomly selected from diverse neighborhoods and had complete data (43.1% women, 33.8% overweight or obese). Measures. PA, sedentary time, and 16 perceived neighborhood environmental factors were measured using Nigerian adaptations of validated international questionnaires. Outcomes were measured BMI and interviewer-led self-reports of moderate to vigorous PA, walking, total PA, and sitting time. Analysis. The product-of-coefficient test using generalized linear models was used to assess the mediating effects of outcomes on the associations between environmental factors and BMI. Results. Walking and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of higher residential density (αβ = –.025 and –.037, respectively), absence of garbage (αβ = –.046 and –.076, respectively), and more safety from crime at night (αβ = –.044 and –.083, respectively). In addition, walking, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of better aesthetics (αβ = –.035, –.022, and –.071, respectively). Sedentary time was not a significant mediator of any associations between environmental factors and BMI. Conclusion. The association of several neighborhood environmental variables with BMI was partially mediated by PA in Nigerian adults. Including questions on specific types of sedentary behaviors in future prospective studies may improve understanding of the relative influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on obesity control and prevention among sub-Saharan African adults.
Social Influences on Smoking in American Workers: The Role of the Presence of Smokers in the Workplace and in the Home
Authors: Holahan Carole K. , Holahan Charles J. , Li Xiaoyin , Jung Sooin 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To examine the relationship between the presence of smokers in the workplace and smokers in the home and current smoking status among employed men and women. Design. Analysis of data from the second wave of the nationally representative Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (2004–2006). Subjects. Sample of 627 currently employed men and women, aged 34 to 82 (M = 51), who had been regular cigarette smokers at some time. Measures. Survey items indexing presence of smokers in the respondents' immediate work area and home and their current smoking status. Analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, gender, education, race, and job type. Results. Examined together, smokers in the workplace (OR = 2.83) and smokers in the home (OR = 6.09) were uniquely associated with current smoking status. Moreover, smokers in the home reduced the association between smokers in the workplace and current smoking. The presence of smokers in the workplace was associated with a more than fourfold increase in current smoking among respondents with no smokers in the home, but was unrelated to current smoking among respondents with smokers in the home. Conclusions. Failure to consider the presence of smokers in the home significantly limits the potential impact of workplace smoking interventions.
Blood Pressure, Ocular Perfusion Pressure, and Body Mass Index in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Ngo Sandra , Harris Alon , Siesky Brent A. , Schroeder Anne , Eckert George , Holland Stephen 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To investigate relationships between blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) of different body mass index (BMI) classes. Methods Data from participants of a prospective, longitudinal, single site, observational study were analyzed. Patients with a prior diagnosis of OAG completed 2 baseline visits (1 week apart) with follow-up visits every 6 months for 2 years. At each visit, BP, weight, height, and IOP were recorded for normal-weight (BMI 18.5–24.9; n = 38), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9; n = 43), and obese (BMI ≥ 30; n = 34) patients: The BP was measured using automated ambulatory measurements after 5 minutes rest and IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Results The IOP decreased from baseline to 2-year measurement in normal-weight (-1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.7 to −0.4), overweight (-1.9, 95% CI −3.4 to −0.4), and obese (-2.5, 95% CI −3.9 to −1.2) patients with OAG. Systolic BP (SBP) and OPP decreased from baseline to 2-year measurement in all 3 BMI categories, although not reaching statistical significance. In normal-weight patients, there was a significant, positive correlation between changes in IOP and SBP (r = 0.36, p = 0.0431). A significant, negative correlation was observed between changes in IOP and OPP in overweight (r = −0.56, p = 0.0002) and obese (r = −0.38, p = 0.0499) patients. Conclusions This study demonstrated that in normal-weight individuals with OAG, changes in SBP were positively correlated to changes in IOP. However, this relationship did not exist for overweight or obese patients. Instead, overweight and obese patients displayed a negative correlation between OPP and IOP.
Factors that Influence Femoral Neck Length. Analysis of 1543 Patients with Advanced Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Authors: Prins Wybren , Kollen Boudewijn J. , Ettema Harmen B. , Verheyen Cees C.P.M. 
Published: March 2013

Background and purpose There is little known about the relationship between patient characteristic and the variance in geometrical properties of the femoral neck. The length of the femoral neck is relevant when considering a femoral neck preserving hip replacement. Based on surgical experience we hypothesised that femoral neck length (FNL) decreased with age. We investigated whether certain patient characteristics were related to FNL and the femoral head diameter/FNL ratio. Patients and Methods The femoral neck length of 1543 patients with osteoarthritis grade 3 and 4 was measured on calibrated pelvic radiographs. Results Increasing age and height were associated positively, while increasing CCD angle and femoral head diameter were associated negatively with femoral neck length. Female gender and height were associated negatively and CCD angle positively with the femoral head diameter/FNL ratio. The FNL in 10 year older individuals was on average 0.2 mm (1%) longer. Moreover, every 10 extra degrees in CCD coincided with a neck length decrease of 1.5 mm (8%) in our population. Interpretation It seems justified to conclude that age is not a clinical relevant factor in the indication for femoral neck preserving hip arthroplasty. In this respect, CCD angle seems the most clinical relevant factor. Severe valgus angled hips are not a very suitable indication for femoral neck preserving prosthesis.
Geometric parameters optimization of planar interdigitated electrodes for bioimpedance spectroscopy
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Claudel J. , Kourtiche D. , Nadi M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a physical model of an interdigitated sensor working in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. A theoretical approach is proposed to optimize the use of the sensor for bioimpedance spectroscopy. The correlation between design parameters and frequency behavior in coplanar impedance sensors are described. CoventorWare® software was used to model the biological medium loaded interdigital sensor in three dimensions to measure its electrical impedance. Complete system simulation by a finite element method (FEM) was used for sensor sensitivity optimization. The influence of geometrical parameters (number of fingers, width of the electrodes) on the impedance spectroscopy of the biological medium was studied. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical equations of optimization. Thus, it is possible to design a priori such sensor by taking into account the biological medium of interest that will load the sensor.
Impedance of tissue-mimicking phantom material under compression
Authors: Belmont Barry , Dodde Robert E. , Shih Albert J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The bioimpedance of tissues under compression is a field in need of study. While biological tissues can become compressed in a myriad of ways, very few experiments have been conducted to describe the relationship between the passive electrical properties of a material (impedance/admittance) and its underlying mechanical properties (stress and strain) during deformation. Of the investigations that have been conducted, the exodus of fluid from samples under compression has been thought to be the cause of changes in impedance, though until now was not measured directly. Using a soft tissue-mimicking phantom material (tofu) whose passive electrical properties are a function of the conducting fluid held within its porous structure, we have shown that the mechanical behavior of a sample under compression can be measured through bioimpedance techniques.
L’interprétation juridique et la Cour suprême fédérale du Brésil : considérations sur le récent dépassement du positivisme juridique et sur la révision de la théorie du « législateur négatif »
Authors: Bustamante Thomas , Lorenzato Cristina , Issalys Pierre 
Published: March 2013

Dans le bref essai qui suit, l’auteur analyse le changement de perception de la Cour suprême fédérale du Brésil relativement à son propre rôle de « législateur négatif », au sens de la théorie kelsénienne de contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois. Comme l’indique l’auteur, la Cour suprême fédérale a longtemps interprété le concept de « législateur négatif » comme un frein à toute forme d’activisme judiciaire. Conséquemment, elle ne se serait autorisée ni à créer des normes constitutionnelles de portée générale, ni à fonder une décision sur l’application directe de principes constitutionnels. Aujourd’hui, toutefois, le concept de « législateur négatif » paraît céder le pas à un modèle de contrôle de la constitutionnalité qui s’apparente au « droit-intégrité » de Dworkin, suivant lequel le juge participe à la construction du système juridique en s’appuyant sur les principes politiques et moraux qui sous-tendent la Constitution.
Communiquer le droit : le média et le message
Authors: Lopes Mônica Sette 
Published: March 2013

Dans le présent texte, l’auteure développe quelques réflexions autour de l’utilisation, dans la vie juridique, des nouveaux médias et particulièrement d’Internet. Elle le fait en considérant deux formes de communication utilisées par le Pouvoir judiciaire et introduites au Brésil au cours des dernières années : d’une part, la transmission en direct des séances de jugement par la télévision, la radio ou Internet ; d’autre part, la diffusion institutionnelle d’informations, qui transforme les tribunaux en fournisseurs des divers médias. La compréhension des effets de ces innovations est imparfaite, car la science juridique n’est pas habituée à recourir au potentiel analytique interdisciplinaire des sciences de la communication pour comprendre la nature des processus au moyen desquels se transmet le message du droit. La principale conséquence de cette lacune méthodologique est l’insuffisance de la réflexion sur la dynamique de la diffusion du droit à travers les diverses techniques qui y concourent. Bien que des travaux récents et importants aient été consacrés à ce phénomène, sa compréhension peut tirer profit des analyses de Marshall McLuhan, auxquelles l’auteure a principalement recours dans son analyse.
Le juge qui crée le droit est-il un juge qui gouverne ?
Authors: Toko Patrick Wafeu 
Published: March 2013

Le gouvernement des juges est devenu un spectre par l’entremise de l’exemple de la Cour suprême américaine. L’élargissement de la saisine à l’opposition parlementaire en révèle les enjeux politiques, alors que l’entrepreneuriat contentieux du citoyen dévoile la suprématie matérielle des droits fondamentaux. Le double filtre relatif à la question prioritaire de la constitutionnalité n’est-il pas le symptôme de la défiance du corps politique français à l’égard du juge ? Désormais, le juge constitutionnel rétablit la vérité des urnes et régule les pouvoirs institués. Par ses avis et ses décisions relativement à la cohabitation, à l’alternance et à la vacance du pouvoir, il gère les crises politiques. En matière administrative, le juge peut créer le droit sans nécessairement gouverner, tandis qu’en matière constitutionnelle et pénale il peut gouverner sans créer le droit. Il gouverne en étant l’interprète de la loi dont il détermine la signification officielle. N’ayant ni l’épée ni la bourse, il a un pouvoir d’injonction, garantie de l’exécution de ses décisions. Le dialogue des juges est un moyen de contestation des ordres juridiques nationaux et de diffusion d’une manière de dire le droit.
Priority interventions to reduce HIV transmission in sex work settings in sub‐Saharan Africa and delivery of these services
Authors: Chersich Matthew F , Luchters Stanley , Ntaganira Innocent , Gerbase Antonio , Lo Ying‐Ru , Scorgie Fiona , Steen Richard 
Published: March 2013

IntroductionVirtually no African country provides HIV prevention services in sex work settings with an adequate scale and intensity. Uncertainty remains about the optimal set of interventions and mode of delivery.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies reporting interventions for reducing HIV transmission among female sex workers in sub‐Saharan Africa between January 2000 and July 2011. Medline (PubMed) and non‐indexed journals were searched for studies with quantitative study outcomes.ResultsWe located 26 studies, including seven randomized trials. Evidence supports implementation of the following interventions to reduce unprotected sex among female sex workers: peer‐mediated condom promotion, risk‐reduction counselling and skills‐building for safer sex. One study found that interventions to counter hazardous alcohol‐use lowered unprotected sex. Data also show effectiveness of screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and syndromic STI treatment, but experience with periodic presumptive treatment is limited. HIV testing and counselling is essential for facilitating sex workers’ access to care and antiretroviral treatment (ART), but testing models for sex workers and indeed for ART access are little studied, as are structural interventions, which create conditions conducive for risk reduction. With the exception of Senegal, persistent criminalization of sex work across Africa reduces sex workers’ control over working conditions and impedes their access to health services. It also obstructs health‐service provision and legal protection.ConclusionsThere is sufficient evidence of effectiveness of targeted interventions with female sex workers in Africa to inform delivery of services for this population. With improved planning and political will, services – including peer interventions, condom promotion and STI screening – would act at multiple levels to reduce HIV exposure and transmission efficiency among sex workers. Initiatives are required to enhance access to HIV testing and ART for sex workers, using current CD4 thresholds, or possibly earlier for prevention. Services implemented at sufficient scale and intensity also serve as a platform for subsequent community mobilization and sex worker empowerment, and alleviate a major source of incident infection sustaining even generalized HIV epidemics. Ultimately, structural and legal changes that align public health and human rights are needed to ensure that sex workers on the continent are adequately protected from HIV.