bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk-Based Methodology For Assessing Economic Impacts From Oil Spills: A Screening Matrix Based On Habitat Features And Operational Context
Authors: Petrone A. , La Rosa L. , Marconi M. , Zappacosta I. , Pedroni P. M. , Rainaldi I. , Sordini E. , Buffagni M. , De Ghetto G. , Maccagni A. , Scataglini L. , Parrella Federico , Carter Colin , Lawton Keith 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Like any other industry, in the oil and gas business accidents always cost money and can adversely affect production cost. Blow Out events can be undoubtedly recognized as the most severe accident posed by exploration and production activities, and their hazardousness and severe consequences have been dramatically confirmed by the recent Macondo Disaster The new regulatory reviews of safety directives resulted from Macondo foresee that all operators will have to ensure they have access to sufficient physical, human and financial resources to minimize the impact of a major accident. In other words companies have to demonstrate to be aware of the nature and extent of the potential liabilities resulting from oil spills and provide evidence that all necessary provisions have already been or will be made, to cover them.
However it is not always easy to estimate likelihood and costs associated to severe Oil spill contaminations since a number of variable enters this complex equation such as the geographical location, type of oil, complexity of operations (deep water drilling, HP HT, workover, etc), response capability, climatic conditions including extreme weather, sensitive areas of operations (arctic, sour)
This paper presents a methodology to semi-quantitatively compare the Cost of the risk of Blow Out events in different parts of the world and from a range of facilities and operations, through a Screening matrix based on Habitat features and operational context (reported on one axis of the matrix and on the other respectively). The entries of the matrix at the intersection are estimated taking into account those factors that can affect the "final bill" of an oil spill as well as likelihood of occurrence of the event and the operative life of the plants.
The blow out cost screening matrix could provide useful information to the operators and help to identify the greatest potential risk for Oil spills, compare assets and areas of operations, establish priorities for investments and allocate adequate resources for a timely and efficient oil spill response
Malaria: Risk Assessment versus Impact Assessment
Authors: Marouze F. , Guibert Ph. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Some tropical areas are particularly challenging for employers when it comes to deal with both risk assessment and impact assessment of malaria. On our recent operations in Indonesia, we had to cope with health issues related to malaria that raised more questions than we were able to answer regarding occupational health, corporate social responsibility, and legal issues. These questions include:
How do we manage malaria prevention and chemoprophylaxis for indigenous people working in highly endemic malaria areas (i.e. Western Papua)? Can we make a distinction between individuals for whom malaria is recorded as an occupational disease and those for whom the illness is not work-related?
To cope with this interesting topic, we conducted a case study with the support of the International SOS medical team based in APAC. It consisted of a review of the regulations applicable in Indonesia by taking into account several criteria such as labor laws, occupational/public health, health risk assessment, and health impact assessment. We wanted to learn more about our Duty of Care and how to report or record malaria cases when, as a company, we transfer someone from one Indonesian island to another. We took the case of an employee hired in Jakarta (Java) who travelled to Western Papua for two months and then came back home:
Does he require malaria chemoprophylaxis or is he considered semi-immune? Do we record malaria as an occupational disease if he contracts it? What about CSR and company liability if he is infected and becomes a "reservoir" for new Plasmodium falciparum species in his home island where his family and community have no semi-immunity against?
The study shows clearly that this issue merits more than just a workplace Health Risk Assessment. Through Health Impact Assessment, knowledge of local regulations, laws, and medical practices is mandatory for understanding and safely managing malaria prevention as well as avoiding litigation or inappropriate actions.
SmartGIS Project: A Web Application for Global Oil Spill Management
Authors: Aiello G. , Buffagni M. , Pavanel E. , Bracco L. , Thorbjornsen S. , Meregaglia M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
SmartGIS is a web application based on a Continuous Improvement project focused on Oil Spill Management processes to perform a large-scale harmonization of procedure and strategies. The main scope was the development of an Oil Spill Best Practice which provides a guideline addressed to eni subsidiaries for oil spill preparedness and for the selection of the most suitable tactics and technologies for response and remediation. This is based on the habitat types present in each Country where eni operates.
To reach this goal, the Habitat Mapping and Benchmarking activities were performed as intermediate deliverables. Habitat mapping is based on the mapping and classification of all the habitat types using certified reference datasets. Three marine and seven terrestrial habitats were identified. Benchmarking analysis provides a detailed overview over the current status and development trends of oil spill response and remediation tactics and technologies applied worldwide. They have then been categorized with respect to suitability for the various habitat types.
A webGIS application was identified as the best solution to manage all the data and information acquired during the development of the project. The application runs wherever an internet connection is available and allows an effective remote support of the accidental oil spill scenario. For this reason the SmartGIS was launched with the development of an environmental analysis tool within the 3Ter Advanced Emergency System, already implemented in eni in case of emergency.
The environmental analysis tool is characterised by different layers for habitats, countries, marine regions, active concessions and protected areas. In addition it can be supplemented by other information such as meteomarine data, nautical charts, bathymetry and vessel tracking as well as thickness and concentration of oil. This paper will illustrate how the data and information presented in the SmartGIS can be applied worldwide in case of an accidental oil spill, providing a effective contribution to handle the emergency situation.
A Deeper Perspective: 5 Years of the DELOS Project
Authors: O’rien Robert , Walls Anne , Clarke Jim , Costa Sofia Pereira , Oliveira Shirley , Smith Ken , Priede Imants , Vardaro Michael , Rowe Gilbert , Bailey David , Milligan Rosanna , Ruhl Henry , Sangolay Bomba Bazika 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Deep-ocean Environmental Long-term Observatory System (DELOS) was installed in Block 18 Angola in February 2009, and will celebrate its 5th anniversary in February 2014. The two DELOS platforms are located in 1,400m of water, one within 50 metres of subsea facilities, and the second 16km away from any sea floor infrastructure. Each platform comprises two parts: a sea floor docking station that was deployed on the sea floor at the start of the monitoring program and will remain for the 25 year project duration; and a number of observatory modules that are designed to perform specific environmental monitoring functions. Each observatory module has enough battery and storage capacity for 12 months of autonomous operation. Towards the end of the 12-month deployment period each platform requires ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) intervention to recover observatory modules to the surface for service, calibration, and data offload.
DELOS has already provided the scientific community with a unique long-term dataset to study the natural environmental conditions in the deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The data collected so far has provided a valuable opportunity to examine the spatial and temporal variability of physico-chemical conditions and biological communities. Studies to date have shown, for example, a high degree of temporal variability in fish communities present at both of the sites. The reasons for the observed changes in fish abundance and community composition are not known but are possibly related to natural variation in water column oxygen levels. Based on the results already collected by the project, the scientific community has strongly advocated the further development of paired, deep-water observatories in other regions of the World’ oceans. This paper will chart the successes, and challenges, of the DELOS project to date, examine some of the data collected during the first 5 years, and discuss the need for continued, long-term observations of the deep ocean both offshore Angola and elsewhere.
Promoting Health and Safety Culture at Work Through Workforce Engagement
Authors: De Sanctis Sabatino , Forzan Andrea , Scotti Davide , Vannetti Giuseppe , Matkin Darren 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Saipem celebrates the WORLD DAY OF SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK every April 28. It is an initiative promoted by ILO (the International Labour Organization) to encourage the prevention of work-related accidents and disease on a global scale. In honour of the occasion, the company organises a series of exciting activities that enable the direct involvement of all employees, encouraging genuine Team Building and raising awareness on the well-being of the individual.
This year, in line with the theme proposed by ILO for 2013 - occupational diseases and general health, Saipem's LiHS (Leadership in Health and Safety) Team decided to focus on a new, spectacular and effective formula for stimulating the direct participation of the company: the Health Prevention Flash Mob.
All participants were given free rein to design and carry out their projects, ranging from the collective launch of a slogan to creating an unprecedented poster, from the organisation of a special dance to the preparation of an original symbolic action. The challenge, though ambitious, was greeted with excitement and enthusiasm in many of the Saipem offices and sites around the world (Indonesia, Nigeria, Canada, America, Colombia, UK, UAE, Angola, Italy, Romania and Saipem vessels), who got hundreds of people motivated to create exceptional events, all expressing a universal message of health through the local culture.
The company intranet, e-mails and word of mouth meant that these projects soon went viral, both inside and outside the company, maximising the focus on the prevention of occupational diseases in the most compelling manner.
Through the promotion and dissemination of the first ever flash mobs dedicated to safety at work, Saipem has become a pioneer of innovative Health & Safety communications, proof of the start of a true cultural change.
A Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Management Framework for the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Connick S. , Pedroni P. M. , Terry S. , N’Guessan L. , Johnston M. , Romer R. F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, provides the forum for the oil and gas sector to share knowledge and build capacity on challenging topics such as the management of issues relating to biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) within the oil and gas industry. In the effort described here, the joint IPIECA-OGP Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Working Group (BESWG) outlines a framework including six areas of practice that are foundational for the effective integration of BES considerations into oil and gas business processes and operations in any environment.
The development and application of this BES management framework by member representatives on the BESWG aligns with IPIECA and OGP's commitment to share knowledge and promote good practices that will help the oil and gas sector continually improve its environmental and social performance. This BES management framework provides a systematic approach enabling progression in the development of BES management practices within oil and gas companies. The BES management framework identifies and elaborates on six oil and gas company practices that contribute to the integration of BES Management in their activities:
Build BES into their governance and business processes Engage stakeholders and understand their expectations around BES Understand BES baseline Assess BES dependencies and potential impacts Mitigate and manage BES impacts and identify BES opportunities Select, measure and report BES indicators
For each area of management practice, the framework provides guidance on the management approach, content, scale and timing of activity, and types of resources employed. An ultimate outcome for this framework will be to connect specific areas of management practice to existing tools and resources provided by IPIECA and OGP to assist companies in development, integration and continual improvement of BES management into their processes. The BES management framework will also be used to inform the IPIECA-OGP BESWG's strategic direction and future work products so that gaps in knowledge can be effectively addressed.
Environmental Performance in the E&P Industry: Data for 2011 and 2012
Authors: Campbell J. A. , Poore W. M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) has collected environmental data from its member companies on an annual basis for the past 14 years. The programme was set up in response to the industry's wish to be more transparent about its operations and to enable OGP member companies to compare their performance with that of other companies in the sector. The ultimate aim is to provide a representative statement on the environmental performance in the upstream oil and gas industry.
The data represent oil and gas wellhead production of 2.2 billion tonnes. Over 40 companies took part in 2011 and 2012, operating in more than 75 countries worldwide, and the database now represents what is probably the most comprehensive set of reliable information on cross company performance in the industry.
Data were reported in 6 environmental indicator categories:
gaseous emissions; energy consumption; flaring; aqueous discharges; discharges of non-aqueous drilling fluids retained on cuttings; and spills of oil and chemicals.
Performance results are presented on a global and regional basis, onshore and offshore, and normalised to hydrocarbon production. Results are shown, for ease of comparison, alongside the previous years’ published results. The paper will address the emerging trends in environmental performance as well as factors that underpin the data.
Integrated Water Resource Management - Can this Concept be of Value to the Oil and Gas Sector?
Authors: Romer R. F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Global water scarcity and deteriorating water quality are increasingly becoming limiting factors to sustainable development; "one of the most pressing issues of the next millennium will be the managmenet of the limited freshwater resources of the world" (Shrek, et al. 1998, p.1). Society and business is dependent upon the resilience of water resources and the associated ecosystem services indirectly provided. The effective management of water resources for a multiplicity of users should consider the broader context of the economic, social and political landscape.
Water forms an integral part of operations for all sectors, including the oil and gas industry. With increasing pressure on this scarce resource, business continuity for the oil and gas sector could be threatened, particularly as operations are occurring more often in challenging environments and there is a growing reliance on unconventional sources that have greater water demands. In recognition of both global and local water scarcity challenges, and the multi-faceted nature of water management, a more integrated approach to water resource management is being encouraged and advocated by the UN. The concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) encourages a more coordinated sustainable management of water resources among all water users within a river basin/aquifer.
IWRM could be a valuable conceptual framework for the oil and gas sector given it has global operations and has to function in multiple different geographic and climatic contexts, across a range of jurisdictions working with different stakeholders. Given the limited knowledge and understanding on the uptake and applicability of IWRM for the oil and gas sector, this research, which has been supported by IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, and Kings College London, explores the uptake and applicability of IWRM for the sector.
The paper will outline outcomes from a survey carried out across the corporate function of IPIECA member companies, as well as findings from interviews conducted at two oil refineries in OECD countries Australia and Germany. Opportunities for further research will be mentioned and the paper will highlight specific learnings for the sector as well as outline the business case for applying IWRM principles.
Managing Health, Safety and Environment in a Complex Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) within the Context of an Integrated Projects: A Case Study
Authors: Ologe Jacob , Akiode Kayode , Jinkoji Takeshi , Ikpa Henry , Osugba Emmanuel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Total Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited has been operating its first discovered field in Nigeria for more than 40 years as an oil dominated field but the future potential of the field is gas. Hence, the decision to upgrade the field to harness the gas potential as well as achieving the national priorities of flare down and gas supply to the domestic market. After several studies and evaluation of various options, it was decided to carry out the upgrade in Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) mode.
The upgrade involved triple SIMOPS of oil and gas production, drilling in a gas well cluster and heavy construction (Upgrade Projects). This SIMOPS is uncharacteristically complex with the following elements; more than 3 years non-stop activities, more than 6 million man-hours, more than 4,000 people working together out of which more than 80% are semiskilled and unskilled local community personnel; involvement of consortium of 3 contractors who have never worked together in the past, more than 15 major subcontractors, unknown underground conditions of the installations, aging facility with assets integrity challenges, over 2000 lifting of loads above high pressure live-lines, large number of thermal engines (mobile and stationary) and other ignition sources in hazardous zones and so on.
The Company (Project management team and Production team) together with the contractors jointly put together some well thought out Safety initiatives to contain the identified risks. Some of these initiative include; effective risk assessment mechanism, strict control of ignition sources and looping the ignition engine Emergency Shut-Down (ESD) to the plant ESD, drop object study and crash test of protective barrier built across high pressure live-lines, sectionalization of SIMOPS zones, joint project and production emergency drills, technical and HSE competence development to mention but a few.
More than 24 million contractors’ man-hours achieved and about 6 million man-hours remaining with a lot of challenges that the project has encountered. This paper will present in detail what the company implemented to achieve HSE results such as Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) of 0.37 and Lost Time Injury Frequency (LTIF) of 0.10.
Safety Culture Development on Robust BO&I Program with IIF®
Authors: Sugimoto Toru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The Barzan Onshore Project is a large scale Construction Project that is being undertaken in Qatar. The project has many daily challenges such as schedule, cost, safety etc. Due to the size and scope of the Project, the manpower during the peak exceeds 25,000 workers. Human behaviour has a tremendous impact on the overall safety standard and performance on the project, especially in consideration of the size and transient nature of the workforce. An effective behaviour based safety and Incident and Injury Free program can make a significant contribution in creating and sustaining a positive safety culture and an Incident and Injury Free workplace.

Approach
In order to establish and maintain a high safety standard, it is crucial to continually promote, change and/or improve the safety culture of the workforce within the life cycle of the project.
Construction activities have a very dynamic nature with constant changes in work fronts, scope of activities, turnover of human resources combined with a multicultural work-force and all the other daily challenges that are common place in such environments. Taking this into consideration, the development of a solid safety culture to help create an Incident and Injury Free workplace is in itself a very challenging task that requires constant participation, dedication and commitment from the entire project throughout the execution of the work. The dedication starts from the project management through to the worker on the ground.
The safety, health, environment and security (SHE&S) management system provides the foundation for achievement of good SHE&S results. However, the SHE&S management system combined with a comprehensive behavior safety- an Incident and Injury Free program creates daily opportunities for exceptional performance. The programs cannot function without a solid foundation and the project SHE&S management system provides that foundation. The requirements of the management system are based on international standards and best practices. The administration of both programs is achieved by processing observation data through database systems, training, reporting, trending, analyzing and continuous improvement, and these align very well with the SHE&S management system.

Outcome
The tailor made behaviour based safety program, is well recognized across the project together with the Incident and Injury-Free program. Both these programs support strongly support the safety culture development and condition of the project personnel at all levels, starting from senior management to the worker on the ground. The project's safety records and performance indicators leave no doubt that all three elements complement each other very well and contribute to the achievement of excellent SHE&S performance results on the project.