bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of Proposed DSM‐5 Changes to Pathological Gambling in a Helpline Sample
Authors: Weinstock Jeremiah , Rash Carla , Burton Steve , Moran Sheila , Biller Warren , O'Neil Kathleen , Kruedelbach Norman 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of proposed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) changes to pathological gambling relative to DSM‐IV criteria in a large gambling helpline sample (N = 2,750). Changes in prevalence rates, the diagnostic utility of the illegal acts criterion, and severity of alternative diagnostic formulation thresholds were examined.MethodCallers to the helpline completed a semistructured interview and DSM‐IV criteria were assessed.ResultsWithout lowering the diagnostic threshold, removal of the illegal acts criterion resulted in loss of diagnostic status in less than 2% of helpline callers. The DSM‐IV prevalence rate in this sample was 81.2%, and DSM‐5 formulations with lowered thresholds of 4, 3, and 2 symptoms increased prevalence rates by 9% to 17%. However, item‐level symptom endorsement suggested that subclinical gamblers experience significant adverse consequences.ConclusionsLowered thresholds may lead to earlier provision of treatment to gamblers and prevent escalation of the disorder, while being more consistent with diagnostic thresholds of other addiction disorders.
Measurements of the O+ to H+ transition height and ion temperatures in the lower topside ionosphere over Arecibo for equinox conditions during the 2008–2009 extreme solar minimum
Authors: Aponte Néstor , Brum Christiano G. M. , Sulzer Michael P. , González Sixto A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present incoherent scatter radar measurements of electron density, electron and ion temperatures, and ion composition made at Arecibo Observatory (18.35°N, 66.75°W), which is at a geomagnetic latitude of 30°N (or 46.7° dip latitude), during the recent extreme solar minimum of 2007–2009 and find agreement between our data and recent reports of corresponding satellite observations. Both the in situ spacecraft measurements and our ground‐based radar profiles exhibit unusually low electron densities and cold temperatures. These two factors result in an extraordinarily contracted ionosphere and thermosphere. This contraction in the ionosphere in turn causes the O+/H+ transition height to descend; thus, the base of the low‐latitude plasmasphere, or protonosphere, is found at extraordinary low altitudes. We show that during the geomagnetically quiet period of October 2009, the transition height ht, where [O+] = [H+] + [He+], was observed at altitudes as low as 800–820 km during daytime and descended as low as 450 km during the night. At night, when Te = Ti = Tn, temperatures below 675 K were measured at 03:00 Atlantic Standard Time. These values are about 100 K lower than corresponding temperatures observed by the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar during the previous solar minimum period (1995–1997).
Kinetic Study of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of 1,n‐Bis(4‐cyanopyridinium)alkanes: Charge Density and New Conformational Effects on the Reactivity of 1,3‐Bis(4‐cyanopyridinium)propane
Authors: Fiori Simone , de Carvalho Fernando Rodrigues , Tessaro André Luiz , Meyer Emerson , Caetano Wilker , Politi Mario José , Hioka Noboru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe alkaline hydrolysis reaction rates of 1,n‐bis(4‐cyanopyridinium)alkane derivatives Cnbis(CP)2+ with n = 3, 6, and 8 were studied and compared to the reaction rate of the N‐methyl‐4‐cyanopyridinium (MCP+). C6bis(CP)2+ and C8bis(CP)2+ obeyed the first‐order kinetic law. However for C3bis(CP)2+ data fitted to a consecutive two‐step model reaction, the observed rate constants (kobs) of C8bis(CP)2+ and C6bis(CP)2+ are approximately 50% and 100%, respectively, higher than those for MCP+, an effect mainly assigned to the higher charge density of these two derivatives. For C3bis(CP)2+, the kobs of the second (slow) step is almost twofold the value observed for C6bis(CP)2+, whereas the first (fast) step is approximately six times higher. As for MCP, the hydrolysis of Cnbis(CP)2+ generates pyridone (Po) and carbamidopyridinium (A+) units. For C3bis(CP)2+, however at pHs above 11.5, one additional product is formed. From the existence of the new product and the kinetic evidence, a “sandwiched‐type” complex with the OH− inserted between the rings is proposed. This structural effect in the C3bis(CP)2+ due to the conformational effect justifies the (i) two kinetic steps, (ii) high rate constants, (iii) high Po/A+ ratios, (iv) observed temperature and salt effects, and (v) the formation of the new product.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Diazo Compounds to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation of Dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3,5‐dicarboxylate
Authors: Ovchinnikov Mikhail Yu. , Yangirov Tagir A. , Lobov Alexander N. , Sultanova Rimma M. , Khursan Sergey L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of methyl diazoacetate to methyl acrylate was investigated by kinetic 1Н NMR spectroscopy. It was established that the mechanism of the process includes parallel formation of trans‐ and cis‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3,5‐dicarboxylates as a result of [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition of methyl diazoacetate to methyl acrylate; the corresponding rate constants were denoted k1t and k1c. The reaction rate of the isomerization of 3Н‐pyrazolines to 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (3Н → 1Н‐pyrazoline rearrangement) was found to be sensitive to both the methyl acrylate (k2t, k2c) and 1Н‐pyrazoline concentrations (k3t, k3c). Kinetic analysis showed that the proposed scheme is valid for various reagent concentrations. The numerical solution of the system of differential equations corresponded to the reaction scheme and was used to determine the complete set of reaction rate constants (k (× 105 M–1·s–1), 298 K; solvent, benzene‐d6): k1t = 2.3 ± 0.3, k1c = 1.6 ± 0.2, k2t = 1.1 ± 0.3, k2c = 1.8 ± 0.5, k3t = 1.2 ± 0.4, k3c = 2.2 ± 0.7.
Kinetic Studies of Acenaphthene Oxidation Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide
Authors: Opeida I. O. , Litvinov Yu. E. , Kushch O. V. , Kompanets M. O. , Shendrik O. M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe acenaphthene oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) has been investigated. It is shown that the main oxidation product is acenaphthene hydroperoxide. The phthalimide‐N‐oxyl (PINO) radical has been generated in situ from its hydroxyimide parent, NHPI, by oxidation with iodobenzenediacetate. The rate constant of H‐abstraction (kH) from acenaphthene by PINO has been determined spectroscopically in acetonitrile. The kinetic isotope effect and the activation parameters have also been measured. On the basis of the results of our studies and available published literature data, a plausible mechanism for the oxidation process of acenaphthene with dioxygen catalyzed by NHPI was discussed.
Slice accelerated diffusion‐weighted imaging at ultra‐high field strength
Authors: Eichner Cornelius , Setsompop Kawin , Koopmans Peter J. , Lützkendorf Ralf , Norris David G. , Turner Robert , Wald Lawrence L. , Heidemann Robin M. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data with very high isotropic resolution can be obtained at 7T. However, for extensive brain coverage, a large number of slices is required, resulting in long acquisition times (TAs). Recording multiple slices simultaneously (SMS) promises to reduce the TA.MethodsA combination of zoomed and parallel imaging is used to achieve high isotropic resolution dMRI data with a low level of distortions at 7T. The blipped‐CAIPI (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) approach is used to acquire several slices simultaneously. Due to their high radiofrequency (RF) power deposition and ensuing specific absorption rate (SAR) constraints, the commonly used multiband (MB) RF pulses for SMS imaging are inefficient at 7T and entail long repetition times, counteracting the usefulness of SMS acquisitions. To address this issue, low SAR multislice Power Independent of Number of Slices RF pulses are employed.ResultsIn vivo dMRI results with and without SMS acceleration are presented at different isotropic spatial resolutions at ultra high field strength. The datasets are recorded at a high angular resolution to detect fiber crossings.ConclusionFrom the results and compared with earlier studies at these resolutions, it can be seen that scan time is significantly reduced, while image quality is preserved. Magn Reson Med 71:1518–1525, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient Satisfaction with Services Provided by Multidisciplinary Anticoagulation Clinics
Authors: Bungard Tammy J. , Barry Arden R. , Jones Cindy , Brocklebank Cynthia 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectiveTo assess patients' perception of care delivery by anticoagulation clinics (ACs) throughout Alberta, Canada.DesignProspective postal survey.SettingTherapy provision by an AC to ambulatory‐based patients for a minimum of 3 months across the province.PatientsA total of 1687 patients (67.9%) receiving warfarin therapy from 6 ACs for a minimum of 3 months responded.Measurement and Main ResultsThe 25‐item survey had responses grouped into domains of patient preference, knowledge, and service delivery. A 5‐point Likert scale enabled each response to be assigned a numerical value from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Overall, the mean response for patient satisfaction was 4.54, indicating most patients were satisfied with the AC care they received. Among those who had received care outside of an AC, 70.4% preferred AC care compared with 18.4% for family physician care. Mean responses for knowledge and service delivery exceeded 4.0, demonstrating positive responses in favor of AC care.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that most patients were greatly satisfied with AC care and preferred the care received from an AC to that provided by their family physician. Service delivery across Alberta is well perceived by patients.
Fluorescence enhancement effect in pyrene and perylene doped nanoporous polystyrene films: Mechanistic and morphology
Authors: Desai N. K. , Gupta M. K. , Kolekar G. B. , Patil S. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLuminescent porous polystyrene (PS) films containing pyrene and various amounts of perylene were prepared in humid atmosphere by solution casting technique for use as a plastic scintillator. The fluorescence spectra of doped PS films monitored at pyrene excitation show quenching of monomer fluorescence of pyrene with simultaneous sensitization of perylene monomer fluorescence appearing towards red. The observed enhancement in fluorescence of perylene was explained by considering excitation energy transfer (EET) from pyrene to perylene molecules accommodated in the pores generated during film formation. The fluorescence quenching data do not fit into the Stern–Volmer relation, but the sensitized fluorescence is fitted by an exponential growth equation, y = 201 860 433.29 ex/0.64366 + 0.49262, with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.997. The results on absorption and excitation spectroscopy indicated that the pyrene and perylene filled in pores of the PS films exist as isolated molecules. The porosity of the films was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing randomly oriented holes, and their mean size and size distribution were found to be depending upon the dopant concentration.Pyrene and perylene doped porous PS films prepared by solution casting method in humid atmosphere showed highly intense blue perylene fluorescence by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) at pyrene excitation. The SEM and AFM images revealed that nanosized pores are perylene concentration dependent, both pyrene and perylene held in the cavity of the pores in close proximal distance less than 10 nm is required to cause efficient energy transfer between them.
Composition dependence of the optical constants of amorphous (Se80Te20)100−xAgx (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) films
Authors: Singh D. , Kumar S. , Anand K. , Thangaraj R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper reports the influence of silver (Ag) addition on the optical constants of chalcogenide (Se80Te20)100−xAgx (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) thin films. Films of (Se80Te20)100−xAgx (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) glasses were prepared by thermal evaporation of the bulk samples. The transmittance and reflection spectra of amorphous thin films were obtained in the spectral region in the range 400–2500 nm. The optical band gap and the absorption coefficient were calculated from the transmission and reflection data. Swanepoel method has been applied to derive the real and imaginary parts of the complex index of refraction, refractive index, and also the thickness of amorphous films. The dispersion parameters are calculated by using the Wemple–DiDomenico model. The optical constants, i.e., the refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, and optical band gap are determined and their compositional dependence is considered. The results are discussed on the basis of defects and disorders present in chalcogenide systems.
Periodicities in Saturn's magnetosphere
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Mitchell D. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough the exact rotation period of Saturn is unknown, Saturn's magnetosphere displays an abundance of periodicities near ~10.7 h. Such modulations appear in charged particles, magnetic fields, energetic neutral atoms, radio emissions, motions of the plasma sheet and magnetopause, and even in Saturn's rings themselves. Known to an accuracy of four significant figures, these periodicities do not remain constant but vary by ~1% over time scales of a year or longer. Magnetospheric periodicities also display slightly different periods in the northern and southern hemispheres: ~10.6 h and ~10.8 h, respectively. The magnetic and spin axes of Saturn are aligned to within ~1°, so that Saturn's magnetospheric periodicities cannot be explained as “wobble” caused by a geometric tilt, unlike those of the Earth and Jupiter. Furthermore, the variations in periodicity argue against a cause related to changes interior to an object as large as Saturn. Several models have been proposed for the periodicities, including rotating planetary vortices, periodic plasma releases, and a flapping magnetodisk, but none can satisfactorily explain all of Saturn's periodicities. This review discusses the observations of these periodicities from their initial discovery during the Pioneer flyby to their long‐term surveillance by Cassini and examines the various struggles to explain and model them. Understanding Saturn's periodicity may elucidate periodic phenomena in other magnetospheric environments.
Semiempirical and process‐based global sea level projections
Authors: Moore John C. , Grinsted Aslak , Zwinger Thomas , Jevrejeva Svetlana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe review the two main approaches to estimating sea level rise over the coming century: physically plausible models of reduced complexity that exploit statistical relationships between sea level and climate forcing, and more complex physics‐based models of the separate elements of the sea level budget. Previously, estimates of future sea level rise from semiempirical models were considerably larger than those from process‐based models. However, we show that the most recent estimates of sea level rise by 2100 using both methods have converged, but largely through increased contributions and uncertainties in process‐based model estimates of ice sheets mass loss. Hence, we focus in this paper on ice sheet flow as this has the largest potential to contribute to sea level rise. Progress has been made in ice dynamics, ice stream flow, grounding line migration, and integration of ice sheet models with high‐resolution climate models. Calving physics remains an important and difficult modeling issue. Mountain glaciers, numbering hundreds of thousands, must be modeled by extensive statistical extrapolation from a much smaller calibration data set. Rugged topography creates problems in process‐based mass balance simulations forced by regional climate models with resolutions 10–100 times larger than the glaciers. Semiempirical models balance increasing numbers of parameters with the choice of noise model for the observations to avoid overfitting the highly autocorrelated sea level data. All models face difficulty in separating out non‐climate‐driven sea level rise (e.g., groundwater extraction) and long‐term disequilibria in the present‐day cryosphere‐sea level system.
Residual plots for repeated measures
Authors: Weiss Robert E. , Lazaro Carlos G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMultivariate data are difficult to analyse partly because of difficulty in looking at the data. Repeated measures data have a special structure that makes the parallel plot1,2 particularly effective for viewing the data. In this paper we use parallel plots to display not just raw data but also residuals from standard models fit to repeated measures data. The plots are useful for determining how well a particular model fits the data, identifying outlying observations and suggesting terms missing from the linear predictor.
An Initial Experience with Hip Resurfacing versus Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Arndt Justin Michael , Wera Glenn D. , Goldberg Victor M. 
Published: June 2013

Background Hip resurfacing is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty. Questions/Purpose We aimed to compare an experienced hip surgeon's initial clinical results of hip resurfacing with a new cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods The first 55 consecutive hip resurfacing arthroplasties were compared to 100 consecutive cementless THAs using a cylindrical tapered femoral stem. The learning curve between the two procedures was compared utilizing the incidence of reoperation, complications, Harris Hip Scores (HHS), and implant survivorship. Results The reoperation rate was significantly higher ( p = 0.019) for hip resurfacing (14.5%) versus THA (4%). The overall complication rate between the two groups was not significantly different ( p = 0.398). Preoperative HHS were similar between the two groups ( p = 0.2). The final mean HHS was similar in both the resurfacing and THA groups (96 vs. 98.3, respectively, p < 0.65). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with an endpoint of reoperation suggests complications occurred earlier in the resurfacing group versus the THA group (log-rank test, p = 0.007). Conclusions In comparison to our initial experience with a cementless THA stem, operative complications occur earlier and more often after hip resurfacing during the learning period. The clinical outcomes in both groups however are similar at 5 year follow-up.
Locomotion over a viscoplastic film
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Balmforth Neil J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a modelling study of locomotion over a layer of viscoplastic fluid motivated by the self-propulsion of marine and terrestrial gastropods. Our model comprises a layer of viscoplastic mucus lying beneath a fluid-filled foot that is laced internally by muscular fibres under tension and overlain by the main body of the locomotor, which is assumed to be rigid. The mucus is described using lubrication theory and the Bingham constitutive law, and the foot using a continuum approximation for the action of the muscle fibres. The model is first used to study the retrograde strategy of locomotion employed by marine gastropods, wherein the muscle fibres create a backwards-travelling wave of predominantly normal displacements along the surface of the foot. Once such a retrograde forcing pattern is switched on, the system is shown to converge towards a steady state of locomotion in a frame moving with the wave. The steady speed of locomotion decreases with the yield stress, until it vanishes altogether above a critical yield stress. Despite the absence of locomotion above this threshold, waves still propagate along the foot, peristaltically pumping mucus in the direction of the wave. The model is next used to study the prograde strategy employed by terrestrial gastropods, wherein the muscle fibres create a forwards-travelling wave of predominantly tangential displacements of the foot surface. In this case, a finite yield stress is shown to be necessary for locomotion, with the speed of locomotion initially increasing with the yield stress. Beyond a critical yield stress, localized rigid plugs form across the depth of the mucus layer, adhering parts of the foot to the base. These stop any transport of mucus, but foot motions elsewhere still drive locomotion. As the yield stress is increased further, the rigid plugs widen horizontally, increasing the viscous drag and eventually reducing the speed of locomotion, which is therefore maximized for an intermediate value of the yield stress.
Thixotropic gravity currents
Authors: Hewitt Duncan R. , Balmforth Neil J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a model for thixotropic gravity currents flowing down an inclined plane that combines lubrication theory for shallow flow with a rheological constitutive law describing the degree of microscopic structure. The model is solved numerically for a finite volume of fluid in both two and three dimensions. The results illustrate the importance of the degree of initial ageing and the spatio-temporal variations of the microstructure during flow. The fluid does not flow unless the plane is inclined beyond a critical angle that depends on the ageing time. Above that critical angle and for relatively long ageing times, the fluid dramatically avalanches downslope, with the current becoming characterized by a structured horseshoe-shaped remnant of fluid at the back and a raised nose at the advancing front. The flow is prone to a weak interfacial instability that occurs along the border between structured and de-structured fluid. Experiments with bentonite clay show broadly similar phenomenological behaviour to that predicted by the model. Differences between the experiments and the model are discussed.
Outer-layer turbulence intensities in smooth- and rough-wall boundary layers
Authors: Castro Ian P. , Segalini Antonio , Alfredsson P. Henrik 
Published: June 2013

AbstractClear differences in turbulence intensity profiles in smooth, transitional and fully rough zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers are demonstrated, using the diagnostic plot introduced by Alfredsson, Segalini & Örlü (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, p. 041702) – ${u}^{\prime } / U$ versus $U/ {U}_{e} $, where ${u}^{\prime } $ and $U$ are the local (root mean square) fluctuating and mean velocities and ${U}_{e} $ is the free stream velocity. A wide range of published data are considered and all zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers yield outer flow ${u}^{\prime } / U$ values that are roughly linearly related to $U/ {U}_{e} $, just as for smooth walls, but with a significantly higher slope which is completely independent of the roughness morphology. The difference in slope is due largely to the influence of the roughness parameter ($ \mathrm{\Delta} {U}^{+ } $ in the usual notation) and all the data can be fitted empirically by using a modified form of the scaling, dependent only on $ \mathrm{\Delta} U/ {U}_{e} $. The turbulence intensity, at a location in the outer layer where $U/ {U}_{e} $ is fixed, rises monotonically with increasing $ \mathrm{\Delta} U/ {U}_{e} $ which, however, remains of $O(1)$ for all possible zero-pressure-gradient rough-wall boundary layers even at the highest Reynolds numbers. A measurement of intensity at a point in the outer region of the boundary layer can provide an indication of whether the surface is aerodynamically fully rough, without having to determine the surface stress or effective roughness height. Discussion of the implication for smooth/rough flow universality of differences in outer-layer mean velocity wake strength is included.