bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioural correlates in older children and adolescents with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Tan Evan , Healey Dione , Schaughency Elizabeth , Dawes Patrick , Galland Barbara 
Published: October 2013

AimThe relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and poorer neurobehavioural outcomes in school‐age children is well established, but the relationship in obese children and adolescents, in whom OSA is more common, is not so well established. We aimed to investigate this relationship in 10–18‐year‐olds.MethodsThirty‐one participants with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 32.3 ± 4.9 enrolled. BMI‐for‐age cut‐offs were used to define obesity. Participants underwent polysomnography and were classified into OSA (apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) > 2 per hour) and non‐OSA (AHI ≤ 2) groups. Intelligence, memory and learning, academic achievement, behaviour and executive functioning were assessed using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II (WIAT‐II), Behavioural Assessment System for Children 2 and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, respectively.ResultsForty‐eight per cent (15/31) were classified as having OSA, and 52% (16/31) as non‐OSA. The obese cohort performed below the average of normative data on several neurobehavioural measures. WIAT‐II maths scores were significantly lower (P = 0.034) in the OSA group than in the non‐OSA group (means 84.5 vs. 94.6, respectively), losing significance after adjustment for IQ, age and gender. Self‐reported school problems were significantly worse in the OSA group before and after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 1.02). No other significant differences were found.ConclusionsResults suggest that OSA may increase risk for some poorer educational and behavioural outcomes. The findings are reasonably consistent with and add to the evidence base of the few studies that have explored this relationship.
Outcomes of preterm infants receiving positive pressure support at term corrected gestation
Authors: McMorrow Aoife , Smirk Cameron , Davis Peter G , Fox Lisa M 
Published: October 2013

AimTo establish the mortality rate to hospital discharge of very preterm infants who remain on positive pressure support (PPS) at term corrected gestation and describe factors that are associated with increased mortality.MethodsInfants born <30 weeks' gestation between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2009 who were receiving PPS at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) were identified from our database, and their medical records reviewed. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), mean airway pressure and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) at 40 weeks' PMA were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic curves for mortality before discharge were generated.ResultsOne thousand three hundred fifty‐nine of 1572 infants survived to term. Forty‐nine infants were receiving PPS at 40 weeks' PMA. Of these, 15 (31%) infants died before hospital discharge. All three infants who were ventilated via an endotracheal tube died. Increased oxygen requirement at term was associated with increased risk of death before discharge (area under curve (AUC) 0.75). FiO2 > 0.5 was associated with an 80% risk of death. PaCO2 was not predictive of death (AUC 0.49).ConclusionsTwo thirds of very preterm infants who remained on PPS at 40 weeks' PMA survived to hospital discharge. Risk of death rises with increasing oxygen requirements. All five infants with FiO2 > 0.70 died.
Henoch–Schönlein purpura in children
Authors: Trnka Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHenoch–Schönlein purpura is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood. In the majority of children, the outcome of Henoch–Schönlein purpura is excellent with spontaneous resolution of symptoms and signs. However, a small subset of patients will develop long‐term sequelae in the form of chronic kidney disease. While the clinical presentation and diagnosis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura is straightforward, treatment of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis and long‐term renal outcomes of more severely affected children are less certain. This review article gives a general overview of Henoch–Schönlein purpura with emphasis on recently published information, including the new classification of childhood vasculitis, insights into pathogenesis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura and a summary of various treatments of established Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis.
Quality of life and anxiety in Turkish patients with anorectal malformation
Authors: Akin Sari Burcu , Demiroğullari Billur , Ozen Onur , İseri Elvan , Kale Nuri , Başaklar Can 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate quality of life (QoL) and anxiety level in Turkish children with anorectal malformation as well as the anxiety level of their mothers and the support group effects on anxiety.MethodsA total of 87 children and their parents were included. They were grouped according to children's age: <8 years (group 1), 8–12 years (group 2) and >12 years (group 3). The anxiety of all mothers and of children in group 3 was assessed by Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Index‐2. The QoL of children in groups 2 and 3 was evaluated with the Ped‐QL 4.0 test by self‐report and proxy report. The QoL results in groups 2 and 3 were compared with age‐matched controls.ResultsMothers in groups 1 and 3 were more anxious than were those in group 2. Adolescents in group 3 had poorer QoL compared with controls by self‐ and proxy reports. A significant difference was observed in QoL between the children who did and those who did not soil. The anxiety level was significantly lower in parents who attended more than one meeting.ConclusionsHigh anxiety and poor QoL levels in adolescence may have been related to the growing importance of body image. The higher anxiety levels of mothers in group 1 could be explained by an encounter with a baby who was different from the imagined baby and the newness of illness. QoL may have been perceived as being worse than what it was for psychological reasons.
The role of folate in malaria – implications for home fortification programmes among children aged 6–59 months
Authors: Kupka Roland 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFolic acid and iron supplementation has historically been recommended as the preferred anaemia control strategy among preschoolers in sub‐Saharan Africa and other resource‐poor settings, but home fortification of complementary foods with multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) can now be considered the preferred approach. The World Health Organization endorses home fortification with MNPs containing at least iron, vitamin A and zinc to control childhood anaemia, and calls for concomitant malaria control strategies in malaria endemic regions. Among other micronutrients, current MNP formulations generally include 88 μg folic acid (corresponding to 100% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake). The risks and benefits of providing supplemental folic acid at these levels are unclear. The limited data available indicate that folate deficiency may not be a major public health problem among children living in sub‐Saharan Africa and supplemental folic acid may therefore not have any benefits. Furthermore, supraphysiological, and possibly even physiological, folic acid dosages may favour Plasmodium falciparum growth, inhibit parasite clearance of sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine (SP)‐treated malaria and increase subsequent recrudescence. Even though programmatic options to limit prophylactic SP use or to promote the use of insecticide treated bed nets may render the use of folic acid safer, programmatic barriers to these approaches are likely to persist. Research is needed to characterise the prevalence of folate deficiency among young children worldwide and to design safe MNP and other types of fortification approaches in sub‐Sahara Africa. In parallel, updated global guidance is needed for MNP programmes in these regions.
Genomics and museum specimens
Authors: Nachman Michael W. 
Published: October 2013

Nearly 25 years ago, Allan Wilson and colleagues isolated DNA sequences from museum specimens of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys panamintinus) and compared these sequences with those from freshly collected animals (Thomas et al. ). The museum specimens had been collected up to 78 years earlier, so the two samples provided a direct temporal comparison of patterns of genetic variation. This was not the first time DNA sequences had been isolated from preserved material, but it was the first time it had been carried out with a population sample. Population geneticists often try to make inferences about the influence of historical processes such as selection, drift, mutation and migration on patterns of genetic variation in the present. The work of Wilson and colleagues was important in part because it suggested a way in which population geneticists could actually study genetic change in natural populations through time, much the same way that experimentalists can do with artificial populations in the laboratory. Indeed, the work of Thomas et al. () spawned dozens of studies in which museum specimens were used to compare historical and present‐day genetic diversity (reviewed in Wandeler et al. ). All of these studies, however, were limited by the same fundamental problem: old DNA is degraded into short fragments. As a consequence, these studies mostly involved PCR amplification of short templates, usually short stretches of mitochondrial DNA or microsatellites. In this issue, Bi et al. () report a breakthrough that should open the door to studies of genomic variation in museum specimens. They used target enrichment (exon capture) and next‐generation (Illumina) sequencing to compare patterns of genetic variation in historic and present‐day population samples of alpine chipmunks (Tamias alpinus) (Fig. 1). The historic samples came from specimens collected in 1915, so the temporal span of this comparison is nearly 100 years.
Cyclic di‐GMP inhibits Vibrio cholerae motility by repressing induction of transcription and inducing extracellular polysaccharide production
Authors: Srivastava Disha , Hsieh Meng‐Lun , Khataokar Atul , Neiditch Matthew B. , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) controls the transition between sessility and motility in many bacterial species. This regulation is achieved by a variety of mechanisms including alteration of transcription initiation and inhibition of flagellar function. How c‐di‐GMP inhibits the motility of Vibrio cholerae has not been determined. FlrA, a homologue of the c‐di‐GMP binding Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility regulator FleQ, is the master regulator of the V. cholerae flagellar biosynthesis regulon. Here we show that binding of c‐di‐GMP to FlrA abrogates binding of FlrA to the promoter of the flrBC operon, deactivating expression of the flagellar biosynthesis regulon. FlrA does not regulate expression of extracellular Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS) synthesis genes. Mutation of the FlrA amino acids R135 and R176 to histidine abrogates binding of c‐di‐GMP to FlrA, rendering FlrA active in the presence of high levels of c‐di‐GMP. Surprisingly, c‐di‐GMP still inhibited the motility of V. cholerae only expressing the c‐di‐GMP blind FlrA(R176H) mutant. We determined that this flagellar transcription‐independent inhibition is due to activation of VPS production by c‐di‐GMP. Therefore, c‐di‐GMP prevents motility of V. cholerae by two distinct but functionally redundant mechanisms.
A new route for polar navigation
Authors: Burrows Lori L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPlacement of motility structures at the poles of rod‐shaped bacteria is a common engineering problem with a variety of potential solutions. While investigating the mechanisms for positioning of the single polar flagellum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cowles and colleagues discovered a new membrane‐bound three‐component system related to TonB–ExbB–ExbD that they named ‘Poc’ for polar organelle co‐ordinator, which controls polar localization of both the flagellum and type IV pili. The Poc complex itself is not found at the poles, and is required for increased expression of pilus genes upon surface association, suggesting a new paradigm of localization control.
Direct estimation of mass flow and diffusion of nitrogen compounds in solution and soil
Authors: Oyewole Olusegun Ayodeji , Inselsbacher Erich , Näsholm Torgny 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Plant nutrient uptake from soil is mainly governed by diffusion and transpirationally induced mass flow, but the current methods for assessing the relative importance of these processes are indirect.

We developed a microdialysis method using solutions of different osmotic potentials as perfusates to simulate diffusion and mass flow processes, and assessed how induced mass flow affected fluxes of nitrogen (N) compounds in solution and in boreal forest soil.

Varying the osmotic potential of perfusates induced vertical fluxes in the direction of the dialysis membranes at rates of between 1 × 10−8 and 3 × 10−7 m s−1, thus covering the estimated range of water velocities perpendicular to root surfaces and induced by transpiration.

Mass flow increased N fluxes in solution but even more so in soil. This effect was explained by an indirect effect of mass flow on rates of diffusive fluxes, possibly caused by the formation of steeper gradients in concentrations of N compounds from membrane surfaces out in the soil. Our results suggest that transpiration may be an essential driver of plant N acquisition.
Towards the discovery of novel genetic component involved in stress resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Juraniec Michal , Lequeux Hélène , Hermans Christian , Willems Glenda , Nordborg Magnus , Schneeberger Korbinian , Salis Pietrino , Vromant Maud , Lutts Stanley , Verbruggen Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The exposure of plants to high concentrations of trace metallic elements such as copper involves a remodeling of the root system, characterized by a primary root growth inhibition and an increase in the lateral root density. These characteristics constitute easy and suitable markers for screening mutants altered in their response to copper excess.

A forward genetic approach was undertaken in order to discover novel genetic factors involved in the response to copper excess. A Cu2+‐sensitive mutant named copper modified resistance1 (cmr1) was isolated and a causative mutation in the CMR1 gene was identified by using positional cloning and next‐generation sequencing.

CMR1 encodes a plant‐specific protein of unknown function. The analysis of the cmr1 mutant indicates that the CMR1 protein is required for optimal growth under normal conditions and has an essential role in the stress response. Impairment of the CMR1 activity alters root growth through aberrant activity of the root meristem, and modifies potassium concentration and hormonal balance (ethylene production and auxin accumulation).

Our data support a putative role for CMR1 in cell division regulation and meristem maintenance. Research on the role of CMR1 will contribute to the understanding of the plasticity of plants in response to changing environments.
Aprotinin and transfusion requirements in pediatric craniofacial surgery
Authors: Ahmed Zulfiqar , Stricker Lori , Rozzelle Arlene , Zestos Maria 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate transfusion requirements in children receiving aprotinin during craniofacial surgery.BackgroundPediatric craniofacial procedures may involve massive blood loss. Aprotinin may decrease perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.MethodsPatients (aged 1 month to 3 years) who had major reconstructive craniofacial surgery received intraoperative aprotinin (13 patients) or placebo (13 patients). Administered colloids and blood products were recorded.ResultsPatients in the aprotinin and placebo groups had similar mean age, body weight, body surface area, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Mean volumes of total colloids (aprotinin group: 70 ± 40 ml; and placebo group: 120 ± 80 ml; P ≤ 0.05) and packed red blood cells (aprotinin group: 380 ± 90 ml; and placebo group: 550 ± 200 ml; P ≤ 0.004) were less in the aprotinin group than in the placebo group. Mean urine output during surgery was greater in the aprotinin group than in the placebo group (320 ± 200 ml vs 150 ± 70 ml, respectively; P ≤ 0.003). Mean blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values after surgery were similar between the groups. Complications of aprotinin included anaphylaxis (one patient) and rash (one patient); no deaths occurred.ConclusionsAprotinin was associated with decreased packed red blood cell transfusion requirements in children undergoing craniofacial surgery, with no renal toxicity or death. Aprotinin is no longer available for clinical use in the USA because of adverse effects in adults; re‐evaluation of aprotinin is warranted for children scheduled to undergo surgery involving potentially high blood loss.
The first genetic linkage map of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia) based on amplification fragment length polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats markers
Authors: He Dan , Liu Yang , Cai Ming , Pan Huitang , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLagerstroemia (crape myrtle) are famous ornamental plants with large pyramidal racemes, long flower duration and diverse colours. Genetic maps provide an important genomic resource of basic and applied significance. A genetic linkage map was developed by genotyping 192 F1 progeny from a cross between L. caudata (female) and L. indica (‘Xiang Xue Yun’) (male) with a combination of amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in a double pseudo‐testcross mapping strategy. A total of 330 polymorphic loci consisting of 284 AFLPs and 46 SSRs showing Mendelian segregation were generated from 383 AFLP primer combinations and 150 SSR primers. The data were analysed using JoinMap 4.0 (evaluation version) to construct the linkage map. The map consisted of 20 linkage groups of 173 loci (160 AFLPs and 13 SSRs) covering 1162.1 cM with a mean distance of 10.69 cM between adjacent markers. The 20 linkage groups contained 2–49 loci and ranged in length from 7.38 to 163.57 cM. This map will serve as a framework for mapping QTLs and provide reference information for future molecular breeding work.
Severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome resolved with craniectomy
Authors: Nagaoka Yoshinobu , Ishikura Kenji , Hamada Riku , Miyagawa Tadashi , Kono Tatsuo , Sakai Tomoyuki , Hamasaki Yuko , Hataya Hiroshi , Honda Masataka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been thought to be a benign disease, but recently severe cases have been reported with increasing recognition. A 3‐year‐old girl with congenital nephrotic syndrome had rapidly progressed to coma. Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed striking swelling of the brainstem and transtentorial herniation. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed. Consecutively, blood pressure was optimally controlled. The patient gradually recovered to the previous state before onset of PRES. Rapid improvement of clinical symptoms and rapid resolution of abnormal findings on serial CT led to diagnosis of PRES. In severe PRES with unstable vital signs, surgical intervention should be considered as well as appropriate blood pressure management.
Neonatal urethral polyps associated with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Anzai Yuko , Koshida Shigeki , Yanagi Takahide , Johnin Kazuyoshi , Takeuchi Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report the first case of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome without urinary obstruction, but with a congenital urethral polyp as a tumor protruding from the external urinary meatus. The present case suggests a possible relation between Beckwith–Wiedemann and the onset of fibroepithelial polyps in the reno‐urinary system during the neonatal period.
Decreased portal vein flow during Kawasaki disease in a liver transplant patient
Authors: Wakiya Taiichi , Urahashi Taizen , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Sanada Yukihiro , Yamada Naoya , Okada Noriki , Hakamada Kenichi , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAbnormalities of liver function tests are frequently documented in patients with Kawasaki disease, but the mechanism responsible for this has not yet been established. Described herein is the case of a 1‐year‐10‐month‐old girl who underwent liver transplantation at 11 months of age. Eleven months after transplantation the patient was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, which was associated with some portal flow reduction, and received i.v. immunoglobulin, after which fever abated with improvement of portal flow to its pre‐fever level. Abnormalities of liver function tests in Kawasaki disease patients may occur as a result of inflammation of both the biliary and portal systems. There are no reports on the potential relationship between Kawasaki disease and the portal vein, and accumulation of further data is necessary to better examine this relationship.
Frostbite of the liver: An unrecognized cause of primary non‐function?
Authors: Potanos Kristina , Kim Heung Bae 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAppropriate hypothermic packaging techniques are an essential part of organ procurement. We present a case in which deviation from standard packaging practice may have caused sub‐zero storage temperatures during transport, resulting in a clinical picture resembling PNF. An 18‐month‐old male with alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency underwent liver transplant from a size‐matched pediatric donor. Upon arrival at the recipient hospital, ice crystals were noted in the UW solution. The transplant proceeded uneventfully with short ischemia times. Surprisingly, transaminases, INR, and total bilirubin were markedly elevated in the postoperative period but returned to near normal by discharge. Follow‐up of over five yr has demonstrated normal liver function. Upon review, it was discovered that organ packaging during recovery included storage in the first bag with only 400 mL of UW solution, and pure ice in the second bag instead of slush. This suggests that the postoperative delayed graft function was related to sub‐zero storage of the graft during transport. This is the first report of sub‐zero cold injury, or frostbite, following inappropriate packaging of an otherwise healthy donor liver. The clinical picture closely resembled PNF, perhaps implicating this mechanism in other unexpected cases of graft non‐function.