bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Risk Preference and Loss Aversion on Individual Behavior under Bonus, Penalty, and Combined Contract Frames
Authors: Brink Alisa G. , Rankin Frederick W. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:
This study examines the effects of risk preference and loss aversion on individual responses to differently framed, yet economically equivalent, incentive contracts. We extend prior research by examining contracts with combinations of bonus, penalty, and clawback incentives. Contracts framed as a combination of bonus and penalty incentives, especially those framed as a clawback, are less attractive to participants than contracts with bonus- or penalty-only incentives. Further, research suggests that individuals' contract preferences are due primarily to loss aversion. We test this conjecture with a new measure of loss aversion. Results indicate that our measure of loss aversion is well calibrated to encompass variation in loss aversion. In addition, participants' loss preferences explain a significant portion of the differences in observed behavior. Importantly, this relation is less significant for clawback contracts, indicating that other preferences may be driving individuals' strong reactions to these contract frames.
Ecological modeling and Lagrangian approach
Authors: Arkhipov Boris , Solbakov Viacheslav , Solov’ev Mikhail , Shapochkin Dmitry 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A mathematical model is proposed for a quantitative estimation of the damage to biological resources resulting from a pollutant discharge into an aqueous environment. On the basis of the Lagrangian description of fluid motion a set of hydrophysical parameters is introduced with help of which hydrobiologists can estimate the damage. The computation of parameters introduced is illustrated by the example of a model problem of a pollutant spreading in a canal. For the discretization of the problem a deformable Lagrangian grid is used. A special grid reconstruction procedure with the subsequent interpolation of the parameters computed is proposed, which ensures computational stability and preserves the values of the most important hydrophysical parameters. Numerical results are presented.
Source Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Winter Months in the Dhaka City
Authors: Begum Bilkis A , Roy Kollol , Islam Fakrul , Salam A , Hopke Philip K 
Published: January 2013

Air particulate matter samples were collected using Air Metrics samplers from 11 - 17 January and 19 - 27 January, 2012 at Amin Bazar and Farm Gate sites, respectively. The sampling time was from 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. Three samplers were used of which two samplers were for PM2.5 samples, using Teflon and quartz filters and the others for PM10 samples using Teflon filter. Organic and elemental carbons (OC and EC) were measured in PM2.5 samples at both sites. It has been found that the EC concentration at Amin Bazar is higher than in Farm Gate. The contribution of EC may come from diesel, gasoline and coal/wood combustions in the Amin Bazar site. The present OC/EC data were compared with the previous data. It was found that the concentration of EC became higher than those in the previous year. During last couple of years, Government implemented different policies specially in case of motor vehicles to improve the air quality. But due to the use of diesel in quick rental power plants, the air quality start to deteriorate. BC plays an important role to change the climate. Hence, government should think of alternatives to meet the power demand in place of diesel. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12970 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 241-250, 2012
Influence of Terminal Bud Pinching On Growth and Yield of Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum Indicum L.
Authors: Habiba S U , Islam M S , Uddin A F M Jamal 
Published: January 2013

An experiment on pinching (viz. P0; without pinching and P1; with pinching) with 3 replications showed the tallest (37.7 cm) and the shortest plant (33.4 cm) without pinching and with pinching, respectively. Maximum number of leaves (30.1) and flowers (58.7) per plant were recorded following pinching (P1); and minimum number of leaves (26.8) and flowers (37.9) per plant were from without pinching (P0). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12971 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 251-255, 2012
Shelf-Life Study of Bleached and Raw Jute Keeping in Normal and Air Tight Conditions
Authors: Hye M A , Khaleque M A , Islam M A , Akhtar A 
Published: January 2013

When the raw and bleached jute were kept in air tight and normal conditions it was found that in normal condition the tensile strength of raw jute decreased with increase of times. But in air tight condition the decreasing rate of tensile strength of both kinds of jute was approximately similar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12973 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 263-266, 2012
A Review of Symptomatic Leg Length Inequality following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: McWilliams Anthony B. , Grainger Andrew J. , O'Connor Philip J. , Redmond Anthony C. , Stewart Todd D. , Stone Martin H. 
Published: January 2013

Leg length inequality (LLI) following total hip replacement is a complication which features increasingly in the recent literature. The definition of LLI is complicated by lack of consensus regarding radiological measurement, clinical measurement and the incomplete relationship between LLI and associated symptoms. This paper reviews 79 reports relating to LLI post hip replacement, detailing definitions and classification and highlighting patient populations prone to symptomatic LLI. While there is no universal definition of LLI, there is a broad consensus that less than 10 mm of difference on AP view plain radiographs is clinically acceptable. There are few techniques described that consistently produce a postoperative LLI of less than this magnitude. Where postoperative LLI exists, lengthening appears to cause more problems than shortening. In cases of mild LLI, non-surgical management produces adequate outcomes in the majority of cases, with functional LLI cases doing better than those with true LLI. Operative correction is effective in half of cases, even where nerve palsy is present, and remains an important option of last resort. Poor outcomes in patients with LLI may be minimised if individuals at risk are identified and counselled appropriately.
Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Kleingeld Pauline 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe term “cosmopolitan” derives from the Greek word for “citizen of the world.” The word has a wide range of uses, both outside of philosophy and within it. Within philosophical contexts, it has a less technical and a more specific sense. In the less technical sense, a cosmopolitan is someone who is impartial or open‐minded, a person who is well traveled, or a person who feels at home in a multicultural environment or simply anywhere. In the more specific sense, a cosmopolitan is a defender of cosmopolitanism, which is a family of theories that affirm some conception of world citizenship. This description of cosmopolitanism is not very informative because it does not specify any particular theoretical commitments that all forms of cosmopolitanism share. A more contentful definition is impossible, however, because beyond the formal description there is not a single essential element of the position that all recognizably cosmopolitan positions have in common. Depending on thearea of human activity(morality, politics, culture, etc.) and theconception of citizenshipinvolved (egalitarian or not) (seeCitizenship), and depending on whether “world citizenship” is takenliterally or metaphorically, cosmopolitanism takes on very different forms. In current moral and political theory, “cosmopolitanism” often refers to the thesis that human beings are equal (seeEgalitarianism), combined with the idea that a theory of global justice should address the needs and interests of human individuals directly – as citizens of the world – instead of indirectly, via their membership in states. But some Stoic and neo‐Stoic cosmopolitans were not egalitarians in this sense. Moreover, the term is also regularly used for very different views, such as a particular conception of a modern form of cultural identity, or a theory about the proper relations among the states in the world (see below). Cosmopolitanism is therefore best considered as a family of positions, centered on the notion of world citizenship, either in a literal sense (political cosmopolitanism) or in a metaphorical sense (moral or cultural cosmopolitanism).
Correlation of Absorption Profile and Fill Factor in Organic Solar Cells: The Role of Mobility Imbalance
Authors: Tress Wolfgang , Merten André , Furno Mauro , Hein Moritz , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe investigate the role of the spatial absorption profile within bulk heterojunction small molecule solar cells comprising a 50 nm ZnPc:C60 active layer. Exploiting interference effects the absorption profile is varied by both the illumination wavelength and the thickness of an optical spacer layer adjacent to the reflecting electrode. The fill factor under 1 sun illumination is observed to change from 43 to 49% depending on the absorption profile which approximately equals the charge‐carrier generation profile. It is shown by varying the mixing ratio between ZnPc and C60 that the importance of the generation profile is correlated with the imbalance of mobilities. Therefore, it is concluded that non‐geminate recombination is the dominating loss mechanism in these devices. Numerical drift‐diffusion simulations reproduce the experimental observations showing that charge carrier extraction is more efficient if charge carriers are generated close to the contact collecting the less mobile charge carrier type. Furthermore, this effect can explain the dependence of the internal quantum efficiency measured at short circuit on wavelength and implies that the spectral mismatch for a given solar simulator and device depends on the applied voltage.
Low‐dose naltrexone for the treatment of fibromyalgia: Findings of a small, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial assessing daily pain levels
Authors: Younger Jarred , Noor Noorulain , McCue Rebecca , Mackey Sean 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether low dosages (4.5 mg/day) of naltrexone reduce fibromyalgia severity as compared with the nonspecific effects of placebo. In this replication and extension study of a previous clinical trial, we tested the impact of low‐dose naltrexone on daily self‐reported pain. Secondary outcomes included general satisfaction with life, positive mood, sleep quality, and fatigue.MethodsThirty‐one women with fibromyalgia participated in the randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, counterbalanced, crossover study. During the active drug phase, participants received 4.5 mg of oral naltrexone daily. An intensive longitudinal design was used to measure daily levels of pain.ResultsWhen contrasting the condition end points, we observed a significantly greater reduction of baseline pain in those taking low‐dose naltrexone than in those taking placebo (28.8% reduction versus 18.0% reduction; P = 0.016). Low‐dose naltrexone was also associated with improved general satisfaction with life (P = 0.045) and with improved mood (P = 0.039), but not improved fatigue or sleep. Thirty‐two percent of participants met the criteria for response (defined as a significant reduction in pain plus a significant reduction in either fatigue or sleep problems) during low‐dose naltrexone therapy, as contrasted with an 11% response rate during placebo therapy (P = 0.05). Low‐dose naltrexone was rated equally tolerable as placebo, and no serious side effects were reported.ConclusionThe preliminary evidence continues to show that low‐dose naltrexone has a specific and clinically beneficial impact on fibromyalgia pain. The medication is widely available, inexpensive, safe, and well‐tolerated. Parallel‐group randomized controlled trials are needed to fully determine the efficacy of the medication.
Middle Atmosphere Focus workshop: stretching the scientific capabilities of a middle atmosphere resolving General Circulation Model
Authors: Bushell A. C. , Hardiman S. C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe 2011 Royal Meteorological Society conference Middle Atmosphere Focus workshop reviewed progress over the six years since Exeter last hosted the conference and addressed prospects for the next six years with an invitation for interactive discussion on areas that offer promise for expanding the scientific capabilities of middle atmosphere configurations in general circulation models or which might imply new scientific challenges for the decade. In order to initiate discussion, invited speakers gave presentations that offered a flavour of developing areas, covering middle atmosphere interactions with extended-range forecast prediction, tracer advection, impact of solar variability and geoengineering insights from volcanic eruptions.Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
An ex vivo study of selenium, genistein on the morphological and nuclear changes in anticancer drug‐induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Sonaa Elango , Usha Subbiah , Ja In Jeong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBehavioral difference of cancer cells and normal cells to anticancer drugs is diverse. Debilitating side effects observed with certain chemotherapeutic and prophylactic anticancer drugs have lead to identification of natural agents that may offer protective role against the damage induced in normal cells. The present study aimed to determine the protective role of the micronutrient mineral selenium (Se) and plant product genistein (Gn) in synergy and single, against the apoptosis induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by the cytotoxic agents cisplatin and mitomycin C. We observed reduction in apoptotic potential of cisplatin and mitomycin C in lymphocytes by pre‐treatment and post‐treatment with selenium (30 μM) and genistein (100 μM). The intercellular interaction of Se + Gn in synergy is found to be more efficient in protecting lymphocytes than as individual. Moreover the beneficial results were well pronounced in pre‐treatment than in post‐treatment condition. The protective action of these natural compounds suggests that they might be useful immunomodulators during the course of chemotherapy and prophylaxis. © 2013 BioFactors, 2013
Brain processing of pain in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome
Authors: Markl Alexandra , Yu Tao , Vogel Dominik , Müller Friedemann , Kotchoubey Boris , Lang Simone 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBy definition, patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) do not experience pain, but it is still not completely understood how far their brain can process noxious stimuli. The few positron emission tomography studies that have examined pain processing did not yield a clear and consistent result. We performed an functional magnetic resonance imaging scan in 30 UWS patients of nontraumatic etiology and 15 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control participants (HC). In a block design, noxious electrical stimuli were presented at the patients' left index finger, alternating with a resting baseline condition. Sixteen of the UWS patients (53%) showed neural activation in at least one subsystem of the pain‐processing network. More specifically, 15 UWS patients (50%) showed responses in the sensory‐discriminative pain network, 30% in the affective pain network. The data indicate that some patients completely fulfilling the clinical UWS criteria have the neural substrates of noxious stimulation processing, which resemble that in control individuals. We therefore suppose that at least some of these patients can experience pain.
Contrasting Narratives on Responses to Victims and Survivors of Clerical Abuse in England and Wales: Challenges to Catholic Church Discourse
Authors: Gilligan Philip 
Published: January 2013

Accounts of the Catholic Church's response to those disclosing sexual abuse by clergy to diocesan safeguarding commissions (formerly child protection commissions) in England and Wales are analysed and compared. The accounts given and the conclusions reached by the Church and those it employs or has commissioned are considered alongside the experiences reported by survivors. The contrasts between these narratives are discussed using techniques underpinned by critical discourse analysis and highlighting service user perspectives. Reports for the period to 2010 and published in 2011 by the National Catholic Safeguarding Commission and Minister and Clergy Sexual Abuse Survivors are discussed in detail, with the resulting analysis of the narratives emerging arguably reflecting a broader discourse. It is suggested that, despite attempts to present the situation differently, the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales continues to be hampered in its efforts to respond sensitively to the needs of those who have been abused, because, as an institution, it also continues to serve conflicting legitimacy communities, and that, as a result, it risks further alienating those victims and survivors who have been led to expect that their needs will be prioritised over the financial interests and reputation of the institution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘The contrasts between these narratives are discussed using techniques underpinned by critical discourse’Key Practitioner Messages

Accounts by institutions about how they respond to victims and survivors of abuse need to be critically analysed using accounts offered by victims and survivors themselves.
Institutions may seek to serve conflicting legitimacy communities and, as a result, risk alienating victims and survivors of abuse where they have been led to expect that their needs will be prioritised over matters such as the financial interests and reputation of the institution.‘Institutions may seek to serve conflicting legitimacy communities’
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Analogues of Penicillide against Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Deng Chunlin , Fang Lisong , Xu Wenwei , Zhao Qun , Zhang Jiange , Wang Yiping , Lei Xinsheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of penicillide analogues, with modifications at C‐3 and C‐9 positions, are synthesized as potential cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. The preliminary in vitro inhibition assay provided some valuable structure‐activity relationship information about penicillide.
Facile Access to Chiral Alcohols with Pharmaceutical Relevance Using a Ketoreductase Newly Mined from Pichia guilliermondii
Authors: Xu Guochao , Yu Huilei , Xu Jianhe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChiral secondary alcohols with additional functional groups are frequently required as important and valuable synthons for pharmaceuticals, agricultural and other fine chemicals. With the advantages of environmentally benign reaction conditions, broad reaction scope, and high stereoselectivity, biocatalytic reduction of prochiral ketones offers significant potential in the synthesis of optically active alcohols. A CmCR homologous carbonyl reductase from Pichia guilliermondii NRRL Y‐324 was successfully overexpressed. Substrate profile characterization revealed its broad substrate specificity, covering aryl ketones, aliphatic ketones and ketoesters. Furthermore, a variety of ketone substrates were asymmetrically reduced by the purified enzyme with an additionally NADPH regeneration system. The reduction system exhibited excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) in the reduction of all the aromatic ketones and ketoesters, except for 2‐bromoacetophenone (93.5% ee). Semi‐preparative reduction of six ketones was achieved with high enantioselectivity (>99% ee) and isolation yields (>80%) within 12 h. This study provides a useful guidance for further application of this enzyme in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohol enantiomers.
Fast adjustable spectrum sensing circuit for cognitive radio applications
Authors: Vahidpoor Zeynab , Forooraghi Keyvan , Fotowat‐Ahmady Ali , Atlasbaf Zahra 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA fast and adjustable spectrum sensing method is proposed using a phase frequency detector for cognitive radio applications. Using this method, spectral sensing can be done in a very short time by a low‐cost, low‐power circuit, compared with available implemented methods.Different aspects of sensing procedure in different situations are investigated including frequency sweep time and system errors. Accurate operation of this method is verified through simulations, and comparison with other methods shows faster sweep rates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Allenylporphyrins
Authors: Plunkett Shane , Dahms Katja , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSeveral different methods have been utilized for the effective synthesis of a new class of porphyrins that contains the synthetically intriguing propadienyl (or allenyl) functional group. Of these approaches, successive Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons couplings proved impossible, but Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions enabled quick and easy synthetic access to allenylporphyrins. The conditions for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of bromoporphyrins with allenylboronic acid pinacol ester were optimized. This reaction represents the first successful use of this boronic acid in a Suzuki‐type coupling. Although this routine was successful for the syntheses of porphyrins that contain aromatic substituents, a more robust method was also developed that involves a Sonogashira coupling of a bromoporphyrin with N,N‐diisopropylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine followed by a Pd‐catalyzed rearrangement to give allenylporphyrins in high yields. For both routes, the applicable metalation states of the porphyrin core were investigated with mixed results. The utility of the addition of the allenyl functional group was then probed with both directly linked allenylporphyrins and those containing a phenyl “spacer”.
Palladium‐Mediated [11C]Carbonylation at Atmospheric Pressure: A General Method Using Xantphos as Supporting Ligand
Authors: Dahl Kenneth , Schou Magnus , Amini Nahid , Halldin Christer 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed [11C]carbonylation of aryl halides and triflates was achieved at atmospheric pressure by employing xantphos as the supporting ligand. Aryl halides were converted into their corresponding [11C]amides in good to excellent yields. The conditions were also successfully employed in the radiolabeling of an [11C]ester, a [11C]carboxylic acid, an [11C]aldehyde, and a [11C]ketone.
FUNDING HIV‐VACCINE RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES—WHAT IS WRONG WITHIAVI'sRECOMMENDATION?
Authors: Sonntag Diana 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe International AIDS Vaccine Initiative recommends targeting resources to research institutions in developing countries in order to accelerate the development of an effective HIV vaccine. In contrast, this paper shows that neither lump‐sum nor in‐kind transfers are an effective policy. We analyze several financing mechanisms as a means to overcome the lack of depth in HIV‐vaccine research in a non‐cooperative framework. At first, we point to cases in which financial support is actually counterproductive. Then we analyze whether in‐kind transfers are preferable to lump‐sum transfers. Even if donors prefer aid in kind because the incentives for moral hazard of recipients can be reduced, we demonstrate that it is effective only if recipients have cost advantages. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.