bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of body composition on survival in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Karnell Lucy Hynds , Sperry Steven M. , Anderson Carryn M. , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent evidence has suggested links between obesity and outcomes for various types of cancer. This study investigates the impact that body composition has on survival in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsData prospectively collected from 578 patients were analyzed using Cox regression models to determine independent associations that pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and 3‐month weight change have on observed survival.ResultsHigher BMIs were associated with better survival (p < .001). Five‐year rates ranged from 33.8% for underweight to 75.3% for overweight/obese patients. Patients with stable weight had the highest 5‐year rate (72.6%; p = .019), whereas patients who gained ≥5% had worse survival (45.8%) than those who lost ≥5% (65.8%). BMI independently predicted survival, whereas weight change was not an independent predictor.ConclusionThis demonstrated association between BMI and survival provides useful information when offering prognoses and investigating optimal treatments © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E261–E267, 2016
Clinical outcome analysis of 47 patients with advanced head and neck cancer with preoperative suspicion of carotid artery invasion
Authors: Chung Eun‐Jae , Kwon Kee‐Hwan , Yoon Dae‐Young , Cho Sung‐Woo , Kim Eung‐Joong , Rho Young‐Soo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the feasibility of the surgical management of the carotid artery in advanced head and neck cancer with preoperative suspicion of carotid artery invasion.MethodsA total of 47 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty‐one patients (44.7%) received surgery as initial treatment, and 26 patients (55.3%) had salvage surgical treatment for recurrences. Intraoperative dissection and preservation of the carotid artery was achieved in 39 patients (83%). Eight patients underwent carotid resection with/without reconstruction (17%).ResultsThe cumulative 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates were 40.4% and 34%, and the disease‐specific survival rates were 59.5% and 55.3%, respectively. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 6.4%. Carotid blowout developed in 6 patients.ConclusionSurgical treatment of the carotid artery in selected patients can provide locoregional control and the possibility of prolonged disease‐free survival with acceptable morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E287–E292, 2016
Improved surgical margin definition by narrow band imaging for resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective gene expression profiling study
Authors: Farah Camile S. , Dalley Andrew J. , Nguyen Phan , Batstone Martin , Kordbacheh Farzaneh , Perry–Keene Joanna , Fielding David 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncomplete primary tumor excision contributes to localized postsurgical recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to provide molecular evidence that surgical margin definition using narrow band imaging (NBI) resulted in more complete OSCC excision than conventional white light (WL) panendoscopy.MethodsMolecular divergence among tumor, WL, and NBI‐defined surgical margins was compared in 18 patients through microarray analysis (GeneChip U133‐plus‐2.0).ResultsThe numbers of differentially expressed genes (NBI = 4387; WL = 3266; vs tumor) signified that NBI placed margins into less involved tissue than WL examination. Principal component analysis segregated tumor, WL, and NBI tissues appropriately based solely on mRNA profiles, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified 4 patients (22%) who benefited directly from NBI surgical margin definition. Gene ontology enrichment indicated increasing cell phenotypic diversity: tumor<WL<NBI.ConclusionResection to NBI‐defined margins will leave less dysplastic and malignant residual tissue and thereby increase ablative surgery success rates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 832–839, 2016
Glottic cancer in patients without complaints of hoarseness
Authors: Tachibana Tomoyasu , Orita Yorihisa , Marunaka Hidenori , Makihara Seiichiro , Hirai Misato , Miki Kentaro , Ogawara Yuya , Ishihara Hisashi , Matsuyama Yuko , Abe–Fujisawa Iku , Shimizu Aiko , Sato Yasuharu , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with glottic cancer without hoarseness.MethodsThis retrospective clinical study investigated 371 patients with glottic cancer.ResultsThirty‐two of the 371 patients (8.6%) with glottic cancer first presented to hospitals with complaints other than hoarseness. Although proportions of stage I and T1 disease were significantly higher among patients without hoarseness than among those with hoarseness (p = .0036 and p = .0004, respectively), survival curves showed no significant differences between groups (p = .1334).ConclusionPatients with glottic cancer without complaints of hoarseness were diagnosed at an earlier stage than those with hoarseness. Accumulation of more cases may lead to better survival of patients with glottic cancer without hoarseness compared to those with hoarseness. Checking the larynx of patients without hoarseness or encouraging internists to check the larynx when performing gastroscopic or respiratory examinations may lead to improvement of glottic cancer prognosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E316–E320, 2016
Osseointegrated implant‐based dental rehabilitation in head and neck reconstruction patients
Authors: Ch'ng Sydney , Skoracki Roman J. , Selber Jesse C. , Yu Peirong , Martin Jack W. , Hofstede Theresa M. , Chambers Mark S. , Liu Jun , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDental restoration is an integral part of head and neck cancer reconstruction.MethodsWe evaluated the success rate of osseointegrated implants in patients with head and neck cancer, comparing outcomes between implants placed in fibula free flaps to those placed in native mandibular and maxillary bone.ResultsA total of 1132 implants were placed in 246 patients. The overall implant loss rate was 3.7% and was higher in fibula flaps (8.2%) compared to the native mandible (2.6%) and maxilla (2.2%), although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = .059 and p = .053, respectively). The failure rate was 8.0% for implants placed after radiation and 3.6% in patients who did not undergo radiation (p = .097). Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) occurred in 19 patients (7.7%) after implant placement, and tobacco use was found to be a risk factor (p = .027).ConclusionOsseointegrated implants are reliable in patients with head and neck cancer, including those undergoing bony free flap reconstruction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E321–E327, 2016
Meta‐analysis on survival of patients treated with transoral surgery versus radiotherapy for early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Authors: Morisod Benoît , Simon Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTransoral surgery (TOS) for patients with early stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasingly used, however, criticized, because of less optimal access to the tumor than open techniques and thus potentially jeopardizing tumor control in comparison with radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, we compared the currently available data on survival provided by TOS versus RT.MethodsSurvival data were extracted after a MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search followed by a meta‐analysis.ResultsThe analysis was based on 729 patients in the RT group versus 276 in the TOS group with similar quality of studies in both groups. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS)/overall survival (OS) was 90.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.6% to 95.2%/58.8%; 95% CI, 52.8% to 64.7%) in the RT group versus 89.6% (95% CI, 81.8% to 97.3%/78.1%; 95% CI, 71.2% to 85.1%) in the TOS group.ConclusionThe data suggest equivalent efficacy of both treatments in terms of disease control for early stage oropharyngeal SCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 2143–2150,
Extent of central neck dissection among thyroid cancer surgeons: Cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Deutschmann Michael W. , Chin‐Lenn Laura , Au Jennifer , Brilz Alan , Nakoneshny Steve , Dort Joseph C. , Pasieka Janice L. , Chandarana Shamir P. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is unclear if surgeons are performing comprehensive central neck dissections for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine mean lymph node retrieval in central neck dissection as well as variability across surgeons and institutions.MethodsA prospectively collected database identified 18 surgeons performing 425 central neck dissections, 313 unilateral and 112 bilateral. Demographics, perioperative, and pathologic factors were analyzed.ResultsMean lymph node yield was 7.4 and 11.9 for unilateral and bilateral central neck dissection, respectively. Although 224 central neck dissections were prophylactic, both total and pathologic lymph node yields were significantly higher in therapeutic central neck dissection. There was a significant variation in lymph node yield across individual surgeons, institutions, and regions. High‐volume central neck dissection surgeons have significantly lower lymph node yield compared to low‐volume surgeons.ConclusionCentral neck dissection seems to be performed adequately; however, there is a significant variation in lymph node yield. Future initiatives should try to standardize the central neck dissections performed, with emphasis on obtaining a sufficient yield. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E328–E332, 2016
Oxicams, a class of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and beyond
Authors: Xu Shu , Rouzer Carol A. , Marnett Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOxicams are a class of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) structurally related to the enolic acid class of 4‐hydroxy‐1,2‐benzothiazine carboxamides. They are used clinically to treat both acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting the activity of the two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX‐1 and COX‐2. Oxicams are structurally distinct from all other NSAIDs, exhibiting a novel binding pose in the COX active site. The 4‐hydroxyl group on the thiazine ring partners with Ser‐530 via hydrogen bonding while two coordinated water molecules mediate a polar interaction between the oxicam and COX. The rotation of Leu‐531 in the complex opens a new pocket, which is not used for binding other NSAIDs to the enzyme. This structure provides the basis for understanding documented structure–activity relationships within the oxicam class. In addition, from the oxicam template, a series of potent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) inhibitors represents a new direction for drug development. Here, we review the major route of oxicam synthesis and structure–activity for COX inhibition, as well as recent advances in oxicam‐mediated mPGES‐1 inhibition. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(12):803–811, 2014
Characterization of the in vivo host response to a bi‐labeled chitosan‐dextran based hydrogel for postsurgical adhesion prevention
Authors: Cabral Jaydee D. , McConnell Michelle A. , Fitzpatrick Clare , Mros Sonya , Williams Gail , Wormald Peter J. , Moratti Stephen C. , Hanton Lyall R 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn developing a chitosan/dextran‐based (CD) hydrogel as an adhesion prevention postsurgical aid, the in vivo biodegradation rate, biodistribution, and inflammatory response are important parameters to the biomedical device design. Herein, for the first time, a CD hydrogel was prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of a near infrared (NIR) labeled succinylated chitosan (SC) and tritiated [3H] oxidized dextran (DA). The biodegradation and biodistribution of the NIR/[3H]‐CD hydrogel was tracked noninvasively using NIR fluorescence imaging, and by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) of organs/tissues after subcutaneous injection in BALB/c mice. The inflammatory response was assessed by measuring serum cytokine levels using a Bio‐plex assay and by histological examination of injection site tissue. Fluorescence imaging showed the hydrogel to degrade in under a week. LSC revealed the hydrogel to reside mainly at the injection site, and excreted primarily via the urine within the first 48 h. The CD hydrogel showed a mild inflammatory response as cytokine levels were comparable to saline injected controls. Histological examination of injection site tissue confirmed the cytokine results. In summary, the CD hydrogel's in vivo biodegradation rate, biodistribution, and inflammatory response was determined. Our results indicate that the CD hydrogel has an appropriate biocompatibility after s.c. administration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2611–2620, 2015.
Carbonyl Traps as Potential Protective Agents against Methimazole‑Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Heidari Reza , Niknahad Hossein , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Azarpira Negar , Bazyari Mandana , Najibi Asma 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTLiver injury is a deleterious adverse effect associated with methimazole administration, and reactive intermediates are suspected to be involved in this complication. Glyoxal is an expected reactive intermediate produced during methimazole metabolism. Current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of carnosine, metformin, andN‐acetyl cysteine as putative glyoxal (carbonyl) traps, against methimazole‐induced hepatotoxicity. Methimazole (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered to intact and/or glutathione (GSH)‑depleted mice and the role of glyoxal trapping agents was investigated. Methimazole caused liver injury as revealed by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation occurred significantly in methimazole‑treated animals’ liver. Hepatic GSH reservoirs were decreased, and inflammatory cells infiltration was observed in liver histopathology. Methimazole‑induced hepatotoxicity was severe in GSH‐depleted mice and accompanied with interstitial hemorrhage and necrosis of the liver. Glyoxal trapping agents effectively diminished methimazole‐induced liver injury both in intact and/or GSH‑depleted animals.
Feedback on Professional Skills as Enculturation into Communities of Practice
Authors: Gilbuena Debra M. , Sherrett Benjamin U. , Gummer Edith S. , Champagne Audrey B. , Koretsky Milo D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundProfessional skills are critical in engineering practice. Differing definitions and lack of empirical evidence make it difficult to help students develop these skills.PurposeThis research seeks to understand what it means to have professional skills in an industrially situated capstone project and, by extension, in engineering. We also aim to demonstrate the influence on those skills of the feedback provided to students.Design/MethodOur ethnographic study employs discourse analysis to focus on professional skills. Using the construct of communities of practice, we describe and analyze conversations between a coach and four student teams as the coach provided feedback, and conversations among students as they worked in teams.ResultsApproximately half the discussion addressed the following professional skills: communication, documentation, teamwork, the economic impact of engineering solutions, and project management. Development of professional skills promotes students' enculturation into both a disciplinary community (chemical engineering) and an industrial community (semiconductor industry). Feedback on professional skills generally was given in the context of technical aspects, and we found an interplay between the teams' participation in professional skills activities and participation in more technical activities.ConclusionsParticipation in engineering design projects provides students opportunities to practice both professional and technical skills. Feedback on professional skills helps students recognize how to simultaneously represent themselves as legitimate members of multiple communities of practice.
Collagen arrangement in space of Disse correlates with fluid flow in normal and cirrhotic rat livers
Authors: Poonkhum Raksawan , Showpittapornchai Udomsri , Pradidarcheep Wisuit 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTLittle is known about collagen arrangement in the space of Disse was related to the fluid flow both in normal and cirrhotic liver. We examined the changes in the arrangement of type‐I collagen in thioacetamide‐induced cirrhotic rat livers with immunohistochemistry and SEM after maceration of the noncollagenous tissues with NaOH. The sparse bundles of collagen fibers in the spaces of Disse were mostly elongated fibers with a disorganized arrangement in each nodule. They connected with the broad fibrous septa. Based on a comparison of the architecture of the collagen fibers and the established flow of fluid in the space of Disse, we hypothesize that the fluid in the space of Disse streams along collagen fibers in all directions to broad fibrous septa. The appearance of perinodular plexus in cirrhotic rat livers probably helps to reduce portal hypertension. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:187–193, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Similar outcomes among general medicine patients discharged on weekends
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Youngson Erik , Padwal Raj S. , Majumdar Sumit R. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDHospitals reduce staffing levels and services on weekends. This raises the question of whether weekend discharges may be inadequately prepared and thus at higher risk for adverse events postdischarge.OBJECTIVETo compare death or nonelective readmission rates 30 days after weekend versus weekday discharge.DESIGNRetrospective cohort.SETTINGAll teaching hospitals in Alberta, Canada.PATIENTSGeneral internal medicine (GIM) discharges (only 1 per patient).MEASUREMENTSAnalyses were adjusted for demographics, comorbidity, and length of stay based on a previously validated index.RESULTSOf 7991 patients (mean age, 62.1 years; 51.9% male; mean Charlson 2.56; 57.5% LACE ≥10) discharged from 7 teaching hospitals, 1146 (14.3%) were discharged on a weekend. Although they had substantially shorter lengths of stay (5.64 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.35–5.93 vs 7.86 days, 95% CI: 7.71–8.00, adjusted P value < 0.0001) and were less likely to be discharged with homecare support (10.9% vs 19.3%) or to long‐term care facilities (3.1% vs 7.8%), patients discharged on weekends exhibited similar rates of death or readmission at 30 days compared to those discharged on weekdays (10.6% vs 13.2%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.77–1.16), even among the 4591 patients deemed to be at high risk for postdischarge events based on LACE (length of hospital stay, acuity of admission, comorbidity burden quantified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and emergency department visits in the 6 months prior to admission) score ≥10 (16.8% vs 16.5% for weekday discharges, aOR: 1.09 [95% CI: 0.85–1.41]).CONCLUSIONSGIM patients discharged from teaching hospitals on weekends have shorter lengths of stay and exhibit similar postdischarge outcomes as patients discharged on weekdays. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:69–74. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
In utero localized diffusion MRI of the embryonic mouse brain microstructure and injury
Authors: Wu Dan , Lei Jun , Rosenzweig Jason M. , Burd Irina , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: December 2014

PurposeTo develop an in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technique to study embryonic mouse brain structure and injury.Materials and MethodsPregnant CD‐1 mice were examined on embryonic day 17 on an 11.7T scanner. Spatially selective excitation pulses were used to achieve localized imaging of individual mouse brains, in combination with a 3D fast imaging sequence to acquire dMRI at 0.16–0.2 mm isotropic resolution. Subject motions were corrected by navigator echoes and image registration. Further acceleration was achieved by simultaneous imaging of two embryos in an interleaved fashion. We applied this technique to detect embryonic brain injury in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation.ResultsWith the localized imaging technique, we achieved in utero high‐resolution T2‐weighted and dMRI of the embryonic mouse brain for the first time. Early embryonic brain structures were delineated from diffusion tensor images, and major white matter tracts were reconstructed in 3D. Comparison with ex vivo data showed significant changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), but mostly unchanged fractional anisotropy. In the inflammation‐affected embryonic brains, ADC in the cortical regions was reduced at 6 hours after the injury, potentially caused by cellular edema.ConclusionThe feasibility of in utero dMRI of embryonic mouse brains was demonstrated. The technique is important for noninvasive monitoring of embryonic mouse brain microstructure and injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:717–728.
Effect of Elongational Deformation on the Β‐Phase Formation of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites and Their Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Im Joon Young , Kim Sehyun , Choi Hyoung Jin , Seo Yongsok 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a polymorphic material, has useful electro active properties such as piezo‐, pyro‐, and ferroelectric properties. The piezoelectric crystallization polymorph is the β‐phase which has an all‐trans (TTTT) conformation, i.e., all of its dipoles aligned in the same direction normal to the chain axis. Elongational deformation was applied to poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites. Its effect on the conversion of the α‐phase crystals into the β‐phase crystals and on the piezoelectric properties was investigated. Elongational deformation of PVDF molecules made it easier for the CF2 groups to arrange themselves in the same conformation by reducing the steric hindrance. However, macro‐deformation was dominant in the drawn films, though the interfacial interaction between the functional groups on the MWCNTs and the CF2 dipole of PVDF chains helped the conversion of α‐phase. Uniform distribution of MWCNT in the electrospun films helps efficient charge accumulation at the interface between the MWCNTs and the matrix PVDF molecules. Depolarization effect occurred in the pressed film due to the excessive charge accumulation was not observed, resulting in the high conversion of α‐phase into β‐phase as well as the enhancement of remanent polarization and the mechanical displacement. Added MWCNT helps the film to be extended without rupturing.
Stretching of Anchored to the Surface a Real Polymer Chain in a Good Solvent: The Massive Field Theory Approach
Authors: Usatenko Zoryana 
Published: December 2014

SummaryApplication of the massive field theory approach in a fixed space dimensions d = 3 up to one loop order for investigation of the elastic properties of a real polymer chain immersed in a good solvent and anchored by one end to the surface and with other end being under tension of the external applied force as it is usually takes place in the single ‐ molecule force spectroscopy experiments. The obtained results include calculations of the dependence of the applied force upon stretching of a real polymer chain in a good solvent on the distance from the repulsive and inert surfaces. Besides, the obtained results are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with previous theoretical investigations, results of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and have important practical applications for understanding of the elastic properties of the individual macromolecules, networks, gels and brush layers.