bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Diversification and Specialization of Cytosolic 70-kDa Heat Shock Proteins
Authors: McCallister Chelsea , Siracusa Matthew C. , Shirazi Farzaneh , Chalkia Dimitra , Nikolaidis Nikolas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA fundamental question in molecular evolution is how protein functional differentiation alters the ability of cells and organisms to cope with stress and survive. To answer this question we used two paralogous Hsp70s from mouse and explored whether these highly similar cytosolic molecular chaperones, which apart their temporal expression have been considered functionally interchangeable, are differentiated with respect to their lipid-binding function. We demonstrate that the two proteins bind to diverse lipids with different affinities and therefore are functionally specialized. The observed lipid-binding patterns may be related with the ability of both Hsp70s to induce cell death by binding to a particular plasma-membrane lipid and the potential of only one of them to promote cell survival by binding to a specific lysosomal-membrane lipid. These observations reveal that two seemingly identical proteins differentially modulate cellular adaptation and survival by having acquired specialized functions via sequence divergence. Therefore, this study provides an evolutionary paradigm, where promiscuity, specificity, sub- and neo-functionalization orchestrate one of the most conserved systems in nature, the cellular stress-response.
The triathlon of magnetic actuation: Rolling, propelling, swimming with a single magnetic material
Authors: Vach Peter J. , Faivre Damien 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMagnetic actuation of microscopic devices in a liquid environment has been achieved in various ways, which can be grouped into rolling, propelling and swimming. Previous actuators were designed with a focus on one particular type of magnetic actuation. We have shown earlier that efficient magnetic propellers can be selected from randomly shaped magnetic nanostructures synthesized in solution. Here we show that these synthesized nanostructures can be used for all three types of magnetic actuation. Whereas it might not be surprising that single structures can roll in addition to propelling, swimming is unexpectedly also observed using the same material. In this case, however, the magnetically guided self-assembly of several individual particles into chain-like structures is necessary to obtain swimmers, since individual rigid nanostructures cannot swim. Interestingly, the direction of the swimming motion is not necessarily parallel to the long axis of the chain-like assembly, a finding that had been theoretically expected but experimentally not observed so far. Our findings show that the range of structures that can be effectively actuated by external magnetic fields is much broader than assumed until now. This could open up new opportunities for the design of magnetically actuated devices.
Carrier localization in In-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells for green light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jeong Hyun , Jeong Hyeon Jun , Oh Hye Min , Hong Chang-Hee , Suh Eun-Kyung , Lerondel Gilles , Jeong Mun Seok 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCarrier localization phenomena in indium-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on sapphire and GaN substrates were investigated. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, ultraviolet near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and confocal time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectroscopy were employed to verify the correlation between carrier localization and crystal quality. From the spatially resolved PL measurements, we observed that the distribution and shape of luminescent clusters, which were known as an outcome of the carrier localization, are strongly affected by the crystalline quality. Spectroscopic analysis of the NSOM signal shows that carrier localization of MQWs with low crystalline quality is different from that of MQWs with high crystalline quality. This interrelation between carrier localization and crystal quality is well supported by confocal TRPL results.
New insight into the structure and function of Hfq C-terminus
Authors: Fortas Emilie , Piccirilli Federica , Malabirade Antoine , Militello Valeria , Trépout Sylvain , Marco Sergio , Taghbalout Aziz , Arluison Véronique 
Published: March 2015

Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA metabolism components assemble into supramolecular cellular structures to mediate functional compartmentalization within the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell. This cellular compartmentalization could play important roles in the processes of RNA degradation and maturation. These components include Hfq, the RNA chaperone protein, which is involved in the post-transcriptional control of protein synthesis mainly by the virtue of its interactions with several small regulatory ncRNAs (sRNA). The Escherichia coli Hfq is structurally organized into two domains. An N-terminal domain that folds as strongly bent β-sheets within individual protomers to assemble into a typical toroidal hexameric ring. A C-terminal flexible domain that encompasses approximately one-third of the protein seems intrinsically unstructured. RNA-binding function of Hfq mainly lies within its N-terminal core, whereas the function of the flexible domain remains controversial and largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Hfq-C-terminal region (CTR) has an intrinsic property to self-assemble into long amyloid-like fibrillar structures in vitro. We show that normal localization of Hfq within membrane-associated coiled structures in vivo requires this C-terminal domain. This finding establishes for the first time a function for the hitherto puzzling CTR, with a plausible central role in RNA transactions.
The regulatory roles of NADPH oxidase, intra- and extra-cellular HSP70 in pancreatic islet function, dysfunction and diabetes
Authors: Krause Mauricio , Bock Patricia Martins , Takahashi Hilton Kenji , Homem De Bittencourt Paulo Ivo , Newsholme Philip 
Published: March 2015

The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) family is important for a dynamic range of cellular processes that include protection against cell stress, modulation of cell signalling, gene expression, protein synthesis, protein folding and inflammation. Within this family, the inducible 72 kDa and the cognate 73 kDa forms are found at the highest level. HSP70 has dual functions depending on location. For example, intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70) is anti-inflammatory whereas extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) has a pro-inflammatory function, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. We have recently identified a divergence in the levels of eHSP70 and iHSP70 in subjects with diabetes compared with healthy subjects and also reported that eHSP70 was correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction/death. In the present review, we describe possible mechanisms by which HSP70 participates in cell function/dysfunction, including the activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms leading to oxidative stress, focusing on the possible role of HSPs and signalling in pancreatic islet α- and β-cell physiological function in health and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sleep, anxiety and electronic device use by athletes in the training and competition environments
Authors: Romyn Georgia , Robey Elisa , Dimmock James A. , Halson Shona L. , Peeling Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study subjectively assessed sleep quality and quantity, state anxiety and electronic device use during a 7‐day training week (TRAIN) and a 7‐day competitive tournament (COMP). Eight state‐level netball players used wrist‐watch actigraphy to provide indirect sleep measures of bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and fragmentation index. State anxiety was reported using the anxiety sub‐scale in the Profile of Mood States‐Adolescents. Before bed duration of electronic device use and the estimated time to sleep after finishing electronic device use was also recorded. Significant main effects showed that sleep efficiency (p = 0.03) was greater in COMP as compared to TRAIN. Furthermore, the bedtime and wake time were earlier (p = 0.01) during COMP. No further differences existed between conditions (p > 0.05). However, strong negative associations were seen between state anxiety and the sleep quality rating. Here, sleep efficiency was likely greater in COMP due to the homeostatic need for recovery sleep, resulting from the change in environment from training to competition. Furthermore, an increased anxiety before bed seems to influence sleep quality and should be considered in athletes portraying poor sleep habits.
Versality of algebraic group actions and rational points on twisted varieties
Authors: Duncan Alexander , Reichstein Zinovy 
Published: March 2015

We formalize and study several competing notions of versality for an action of a linear algebraic group on an algebraic varietyXX. Our main result is that these notions of versality are equivalent to various statements concerning rational points on twisted forms ofXX(existence of rational points, existence of a dense set of rational points, etc.). We give applications of this equivalence in both directions to study versality of group actions and rational points on algebraic varieties. We obtain similar results onpp-versality for a prime integerpp. An appendix, containing a letter from J.-P. Serre, puts the notion of versality in a historical perspective.
Looking below the floor: constraints on the AGN radio luminosity functions at low power
Authors: Capetti Alessandro , Raiteri Claudia M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We constrain the behaviour of the radio luminosity function (RLF) of two classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) namely AGN of low radio power (LRP) and BL Lac objects. The extrapolation of the observed steep RLFs to low power predicts a space density of such objects that exceeds that of the sources that can harbour them and this requires a break to a shallower slope. For LRP AGN, we obtain Pbr, LRP ≳ 1020.5 W Hz− 1 at 1.4 GHz to limit their density to be smaller than that of elliptical galaxies with black hole masses MBH &gt; 107.5 M⊙. By combining this value with the limit derived by the observations the break must occur at Pbr, LRP ∼ 1020.5-1021.5 W Hz− 1. For BL Lacs, we find Pbr, BLLAC ≳ 1023.3 W Hz− 1 otherwise they would outnumber the density of weak-lined and compact radio sources, while the observations indicate Pbr, BLLAC ≲ 1024.5 W Hz− 1. In the framework of the AGN unified model, a low luminosity break in the RLF of LRP AGN must correspond to a break in the RLF of BL Lacs. The ratio between Pbr, LRP and Pbr, BLLAC is ∼103, as expected for a jet Doppler factor of ∼10.
Integrating motif, DNA accessibility and gene expression data to build regulatory maps in an organism
Authors: Blatti Charles , Kazemian Majid , Wolfe Scot , Brodsky Michael , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Characterization of cell type specific regulatory networks and elements is a major challenge in genomics, and emerging strategies frequently employ high-throughput genome-wide assays of transcription factor (TF) to DNA binding, histone modifications or chromatin state. However, these experiments remain too difficult/expensive for many laboratories to apply comprehensively to their system of interest. Here, we explore the potential of elucidating regulatory systems in varied cell types using computational techniques that rely on only data of gene expression, low-resolution chromatin accessibility, and TF–DNA binding specificities (‘motifs’). We show that static computational motif scans overlaid with chromatin accessibility data reasonably approximate experimentally measured TF–DNA binding. We demonstrate that predicted binding profiles and expression patterns of hundreds of TFs are sufficient to identify major regulators of ∼200 spatiotemporal expression domains in the Drosophila embryo. We are then able to learn reliable statistical models of enhancer activity for over 70 expression domains and apply those models to annotate domain specific enhancers genome-wide. Throughout this work, we apply our motif and accessibility based approach to comprehensively characterize the regulatory network of fruitfly embryonic development and show that the accuracy of our computational method compares favorably to approaches that rely on data from many experimental assays.
Nasal Floor Mucosa: New Donor Site for Mucous Membrane Grafts
Authors: Morgan Payam V. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Hwang Catherine J. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose:
Mucous membrane grafts are used for various indications in oculoplastics. The authors report the use of nasal floor mucosa as a new donor site for mucous membrane grafts.

Methods:
Following adequate anesthesia and vasoconstriction, the nasal floor is visualized with a 30° endoscope. Next, the interior turbinate is medialized, and the nasolacrimal duct is identified and preserved. Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral incisions are made through the nasal mucosa to the nasal bone. The mucosa is dissected off the nasal bone with a periosteal elevator. Nasal saline irrigation is used postoperatively to aid healing. Histologic analysis of the harvested graft and mucosa from the inferior and middle turbinates were analyzed histologically for the number of mucin-producing cells per high power field and compared.

Results:
Nasal floor mucosa provides ample tissue for grafting with little donor site morbidity. The surgery is technically easy to learn and perform. There is less risk for blood loss compared with harvesting tissue from the turbinates and less postoperative discomfort compared with buccal mucosal grafts. The grafts have been used in 9 different patients for a variety of ocular indications. Histologically, the nasal floor mucosa contains statistically more mucin-secreting cells than other nasal site, which can be helpful especially in cases of ocular surface disease. In 1 case, biopsy of the grafted tissue at postoperative year 2 showed survival of the respiratory mucin-secreting cells under histologic examination.

Conclusions:
Nasal floor mucosa should be considered a donor site when a mucous membrane graft is needed. The surgery is safe, easy to perform, and has less morbidity than either a nasal turbinate graft or a buccal mucosal graft.
Age-related cognitive changes and distributed leadership
Authors: Rose Dennis Michael , Gordon Raymond 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence for age-related changes in cognition and the implications for leadership styles. In particular, a case is argued for distributed forms of leadership that encourage contribution across the age spectrum and hierarchical levels.Design/methodology/approach– This paper takes a conceptual approach, combining the psychology and management literatures in arguing the case for newer leadership forms, appropriate to an ageing workforce.Findings– Three principal components of intelligence (fluid, and crystallised intelligence and working memory) are considered and it is argued that high levels of fluid intelligence, generally higher in younger employees, should be accessed while being balanced by crystallised intelligence (experience). Distributed leadership has been mainly applied in educational settings. This paper argues for distributed leadership to maximise creativity and innovation.Practical implications– Leadership forms that maximise creative input from staff across all age levels are likely to contribute to firm innovation and sustainability. Additionally, job satisfaction and turnover among junior staff may be positively influenced through opportunities for greater participation.Social implications– The elements discussed in this paper address important leadership issues for managing a multigenerational workforce.Originality/value– Distributed leadership has been discussed in educational and health literatures for some time; however it is only recently that this approach to leadership has appeared in mainstream management literature. The discussion of age-related changes and distributed leadership introduces and important topic for further research in newer forms of leadership.
Job related stress and job satisfaction: a comparative study among bank employees
Authors: George Elizabeth , K.A. Zakkariya 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether job satisfaction and job-related stress differ among employees of different banking sectors.Design/methodology/approach– Questionnaire were administered to 337 employees from various banks belonging to private sector, public sector and new generation banks. One way ANOVA was conducted to find out whether job satisfaction and job relates stress varied on the basis of three different sectors of banks. Furtherpost hoctest was conducted to find out which sector differs significantly.Findings– Results indicated that employees of different sectors of bank had different level of job satisfaction and job-related stress. Further it was revealed that public sector banks have lower job-related stress when compared to private sector banks and new generation banks; and higher job satisfaction when compared to new generation banks.Practical implications– With the rapid developments and competition in banks, measures should be taken in private sector banks and new generations banks to reduce job-related stress and enhance job satisfaction level of employees. This may also result in increased quality of services and reduced labour turnover in banks.Originality/value– The study is original and empirical in nature. It shows that the job satisfaction and job-related stress differ among employees of different groups of banks in the banking sector. If banking sector is considered as a true representative of the service sector, the results of this study has wider implication in the service industry as a whole.
Followership behaviors and barriers to wealth creation
Authors: Hayes Linda A. , Caldwell Cam , Licona Bryan , Meyer Thomas E. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to further research in the leader-follower relationship by focussing on followership. Given the need to increase organizational collaboration and cooperation, this research identifies the nature of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics and develops a continuum of increasing follower compliance to stewardship with the organization.Design/methodology/approach– This research integrates the insights of highly regarded researchers into a continuum of follower compliance to stewardship and proposes 12 propositions of leaders and followers that address the importance of creating an environment for improved collaboration and cooperation which ultimately leads to increased organizational competitiveness and profitability.Findings– A continuum of increasing follower buy-in is proposed with the first four zones drawn from past literature (indifference, acceptance, trust, and commitment) and a fifth zone, follower stewardship, being introduced in the paper. The authors argue that understanding and fostering follower behaviors along the continuum improves organizational effectiveness.Research limitations/implications– This research offers a framework of follower behaviors and characteristics and proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers to improve competitiveness and profitability that can be tested in future research.Practical implications– This paper provides valuable insights to scholars and practitioners by creating a framework of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics that will allow leaders to increase the effectiveness of organizational culture, practices, and procedures. The research proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers that can be tested for improving organizational competitiveness and profitability.Social implications– The paper identifies barriers to creating followership including under-investing in human capital, treating followers as means rather than as ends, thinking short-term, breaking commitments, and so on.Originality/value– The research develops a solid theoretical background for categorizing and measuring follower buy-in to organizations and introduces follower stewardship to management research.
Empowering individuals to integrate work and life: insights for management development
Authors: Friedman Stewart D , Westring Alyssa 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– In efforts to improve employee recruitment and retention and enhance productivity and morale, organizations have implemented policies and practices (e.g. flextime, telework to address employee work-life concerns). However, there is mixed evidence regarding their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to complement work-life policies, initiatives aimed at empowering employees with the knowledge and skills to manage multiple life roles may be valuable. Little information is available regarding the nature or effectiveness of such initiatives. Through an in-depth analysis of one initiative, Total Leadership, the authors provide insights that can be used in the selection, design, implementation, and evaluation of work-life empowerment efforts.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a mixed methods approach to explore the experiences of 316 participants in the Total Leadership program. Self-assessments (pre and post) were analyzed using quantitative methods (e.g. Cohen’sd-value). Inductive and iterative qualitative methods were employed to understand the types of experiments participants created as part of the program.Findings– The authors found that participants reported significant increases in satisfaction and performance in all domains of life (work, home, community, and self). Further, the authors identified nine types of experiments that individuals used to enhance performance in all life domains. Implications for management development specialists are provided.Originality/value– This study provides unique and valuable insight for those interested in supporting employee work-life development, leadership, and performance in all domains of life. It represents one of the first efforts to provide evidence-based guidance for the design and implementation of such initiatives.