bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of acculturation, medical mistrust, and perceived discrimination on knowledge about blood donation and blood donation status
Authors: Renzaho Andre M.N. , Polonsky Michael J. 
Published: December 2013

AimThe aim of this research was to assess whether perceived discrimination, the level of acculturation, and medical mistrust are associated with knowledge about blood donation processes and blood donation status.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 425 African migrants recruited in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia. Participants were surveyed face‐to‐face using bilingual workers to maximize the inclusion across different levels of literacy in the community.ResultsIn the adjusted model, the scores for knowledge about blood donation were positively associated with a longer stay in Australia (β = 0.12, p = 0.001), significantly higher among those with a tertiary education (β = 0.75; p = 0.049), those who came from rural areas (β = 1.54, p = 0.015), and Christians (β = 1.83, p < 0.01) but significantly lower among those from the western African region (β = −1.10, p = 0.032). Scores for knowledge about blood donation were lower among those who were marginalized (β = −1.01, p = 0.026). Medical mistrust and perceived discrimination were not associated with knowledge about blood donation. Participants who were traditionally orientated were 69% less likely to have ever given blood than those who were bicultural or integrated (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, p = 0.044), whereas the effects of perceived discrimination and medical mistrust were not significant. We also examined whether to restrict the analysis to those who had given blood in Australia postmigration and found that the level of acculturation and medical mistrust were not significant but that perceived discrimination, especially personal discrimination, mattered (OR = 0.63, p = 0.005).ConclusionEfforts to increase blood donation among African migrants need to address the issues related to perceived personal discrimination as an important intervention target.
Ongoing Activity of Toscana Virus Genotype A and West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Strains in Turkey: A Clinical and Field Survey
Authors: Ocal M. , Orsten S. , Inkaya A. C. , Yetim E. , Acar N. P. , Alp S. , Erisoz Kasap O. , Gunay F. , Arsava E. M. , Alten B. , Ozkul A. , Us D. , Niedrig M. , Ergunay K. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryToscana virus (TOSV), West Nile virus (WNV) and tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are among major viral pathogens causing febrile disease and meningitis/encephalitis. The impact of these viruses was investigated at a referral centre in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia in 2012, where previous reports suggested virus circulation but with scarce information on clinical cases and vector activity. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 94 individuals were evaluated, in addition to field‐collected arthropod specimens that included 767 sandflies and 239 mosquitoes. Viral nucleic acids in clinical samples and arthropods were sought via specific and generic nested/real‐time PCRs, and antibody responses in clinical samples were investigated via commercial indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFTs) and virus neutralization. A WNV antigen assay was also employed for mosquitoes. WNV neuroinvasive disease has been identified in a 63‐year‐old male via RNA detection, and the WNV strain was characterized as lineage 1. TOSV infections were diagnosed in six individuals (6.3%) via RNA or IgM detection. Partial sequences in a 23‐year‐old female, presented with fever and transient pancytopenia, were characterized as TOSV genotype A. Febrile disease with arthralgia and/or peripheral cranial nerve involvement was noted in cases with TOSV infections. Previous WNV and TOSV exposures have been observed in 5.3% and 2.1% of the subjects, respectively. No confirmed TBEV exposure could be identified. Morphological identification of the field‐collected mosquitoes revealed Culex pipiens sensu lato (74.4%), Anopheles maculipennis (20.9%), An. claviger (2.1%) and others. Sandfly species were determined as Phlebotomus papatasi (36.2%), P. halepensis (27.3%), P. major s. l. (19.3%), P. sergenti (8.9%), P. perfiliewi (4.4%), P. simici (2.6%) and others. Viral infections in arthropods could not be demonstrated. TOSV genotype A and WNV lineage 1 activity have been demonstrated as well as serologically proven exposure in patients. Presence of sandfly and mosquito species capable of virus transmission has also been revealed.
Microtomography-Based Analysis of Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Through Open Cell Metal Foams
Authors: Oliviero M. , Cunsolo S. , Harris W. M. , Iasiello M. , Chiu W. K. S. , Naso V. , Bianco N. 
Published: December 2013

Their light weight, open porosity, high surface area per unit volume and thermal characteristics make metal foams a promising material for many industrial applications involving fluid flow and heat transfer.
Pressure drop and heat transfer of porous media have inspired a number of experimental and numerical studies. Many models have been proposed in the literature that correlate the pressure gradient and the heat transfer coefficient with the mean cell size and porosity. However, large differences exist among results predicted by different models. Most studies are based on idealized periodic cell structures.
In this study, the true 3-D micro-structure of the metal foam is obtained by employing x-ray computed microtomography (XCT). For comparison, ideal Kelvin foam structures are developed in the free-to-use software “Surface Evolver” surface energy minimization program. Pressure drop and heat transfer are then investigated using the CFD Module of COMSOL® Multiphysics code. A comparison between the numerical predictions from the real and ideal geometries is carried out.
Complete Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Myophage Maynard
Authors: Tatsch Casey O. , Wood Thammajun L. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a pathogenic bacterium that has been a major concern for food and public safety. Phages infecting
S
. Typhimurium may prove to be useful therapeutics against this harmful bacterium. Here, we announce the complete genome of
S
. Typhimurium T4-like myophage Maynard and describe its features.
Adolescent mental health and subsequent parenting: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Byford M , Abbott R A , Maughan B , Richards M , Kuh D 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundAdolescent mental health problems are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in adulthood but little is known about the effects on adult parenting practices. This study aimed to examine prospective associations between adolescent conduct and emotional problems and subsequent parenting behaviours in adulthood.MethodsThe study sample comprised 1110 members from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. Prospective data were collected from teacher reports of conduct and emotional problems at age 13 and 15 years and adult outcome measures of parenting included intellectual environment, cognitive stimulation, coercive discipline, parental interest and parental aspiration.ResultsIn regression models adjusted for the confounding effects of social background, cognition and education, adolescent conduct problems predicted coercive parenting behaviours in adulthood. The effects of adolescent emotional problems on the development of coercive discipline practices were explained by covariates. Likewise, the inability of parents who displayed conduct problems in adolescence to provide an intellectually stimulating home environment was fully explained by the adjustment for education.ConclusionsAdolescents who exhibit conduct problems are more likely to develop coercive styles of parenting.
A programmable memory controller for the DDRx interfacing standards
Authors: Bojnordi Mahdi Nazm , Ipek Engin 
Published: December 2013

Modern memory controllers employ sophisticated address mapping, command scheduling, and power management optimizations to alleviate the adverse effects of DRAM timing and resource constraints on system performance. A promising way of improving the versatility and efficiency of these controllers is to make them programmable—a proven technique that has seen wide use in other control tasks, ranging from DMA scheduling to NAND Flash and directory control. Unfortunately, the stringent latency and throughput requirements of modern DDRx devices have rendered such programmability largely impractical, confining DDRx controllers to fixed-function hardware.
This article presents the instruction set architecture (ISA) and hardware implementation of PARDIS, a programmable memory controller that can meet the performance requirements of a high-speed DDRx interface. The proposed controller is evaluated by mapping previously proposed DRAM scheduling, address mapping, refresh scheduling, and power management algorithms onto PARDIS. Simulation results show that the average performance of PARDIS comes within 8% of fixed-function hardware for each of these techniques; moreover, by enabling application-specific optimizations, PARDIS improves system performance by 6 to 17% and reduces DRAM energy by 9 to 22% over four existing memory controllers.
Circulating Biomarkers of Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway and Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Chuang Shu-Chun , Fanidi Anouar , Ueland Per Magne , Relton Caroline , Midttun Øivind , Vollset Stein Emil , Gunter Marc J. , Seckl Michael J. , Travis Ruth C. , Wareham Nicholas , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Peeters Petra H.M. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Boeing Heiner , Wientzek Angelika , Kuehn Tilman , Kaaks Rudolf , Tumino Rosario , Agnoli Claudia , Palli Domenico , Naccarati Alessio , Aicua Eva Ardanaz , Sánchez María-José , Quirós José Ramón , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Agudo Antonio , Johansson Mikael , Grankvist Kjell , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Fagherazzi Guy , Weiderpass Elisabete , Riboli Elio , Brennan Paul J. , Vineis Paolo , Johansson Mattias 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Background: Imbalances in tryptophan metabolism have been linked to cancer-related immune escape and implicated in several cancers, including lung cancer.
Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) that included 893 incident lung cancer cases and 1,748 matched controls. Circulating levels of tryptophan and six of its metabolites were measured and evaluated in relation to lung cancer risk.
Results: Tryptophan (Ptrend = 2 × 10−5) and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR; Ptrend = 4 × 10−5) were associated with lung cancer risk overall after adjusting for established risk factors. The ORs comparing the fifth and first quintiles (OR5th vs. 1st) were 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.74] for tryptophan and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.24–2.45) for KTR. After adjusting for plasma methionine (available from previous work, which was strongly correlated with tryptophan), the associations of tryptophan (adjusted Ptrend = 0.13) and KTR (Ptrend = 0.009) were substantially attenuated. KTR was positively associated with squamous cell carcinoma, the OR5th vs. 1st being 2.83 (95% CI, 1.62–4.94, Ptrend = 3 × 10−5) that was only marginally affected by adjusting for methionine.
Conclusions: This study indicates that biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism are associated with subsequent lung cancer risk. Although this result would seem consistent with the immune system having a role in lung cancer development, the overall associations were dependent on methionine, and further studies are warranted to further elucidate the importance of these metabolites in lung cancer etiology.
Impact: This is the first prospective study investigating the tryptophan pathway in relation to lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 461–8. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Profiling of the Residual Disease of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Identifies Actionable Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Balko Justin M. , Giltnane Jennifer M. , Wang Kai , Schwarz Luis J. , Young Christian D. , Cook Rebecca S. , Owens Phillip , Sanders Melinda E. , Kuba Maria G. , Sánchez Violeta , Kurupi Richard , Moore Preston D. , Pinto Joseph A. , Doimi Franco D. , Gómez Henry , Horiuchi Dai , Goga Andrei , Lehmann Brian D. , Bauer Joshua A. , Pietenpol Jennifer A. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Palmer Gary A. , Yelensky Roman , Cronin Maureen , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Phillip J. , Arteaga Carlos L. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) induces a pathologic complete response (pCR) in approximately 30% of patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). In patients lacking a pCR, NAC selects a subpopulation of chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells. To understand the molecular underpinnings driving treatment-resistant TNBCs, we performed comprehensive molecular analyses on the residual disease of 74 clinically defined TNBCs after NAC, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 20 matched pretreatment biopsies. Combined NGS and digital RNA expression analysis identified diverse molecular lesions and pathway activation in drug-resistant tumor cells. Ninety percent of the tumors contained a genetic alteration potentially treatable with a currently available targeted therapy. Thus, profiling residual TNBCs after NAC identifies targetable molecular lesions in the chemotherapy-resistant component of the tumor, which may mirror micrometastases destined to recur clinically. These data can guide biomarker-driven adjuvant studies targeting these micrometastases to improve the outcome of patients with TNBC who do not respond completely to NAC.
Significance: This study demonstrates the spectrum of genomic alterations present in residual TNBC after NAC. Because TNBCs that do not achieve a CR after NAC are likely to recur as metastatic disease at variable times after surgery, these alterations may guide the selection of targeted therapies immediately after mastectomy before these metastases become evident. Cancer Discov; 4(2); 232–45. ©2013 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 131
Evolution of DNA Methylation Is Linked to Genetic Aberrations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Oakes Christopher C. , Claus Rainer , Gu Lei , Assenov Yassen , Hüllein Jennifer , Zucknick Manuela , Bieg Matthias , Brocks David , Bogatyrova Olga , Schmidt Christopher R. , Rassenti Laura , Kipps Thomas J. , Mertens Daniel , Lichter Peter , Döhner Hartmut , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Byrd John C. , Zenz Thorsten , Plass Christoph 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Although clonal selection by genetic driver aberrations in cancer is well documented, the ability of epigenetic alterations to promote tumor evolution is undefined. We used 450k arrays and next-generation sequencing to evaluate intratumor heterogeneity and evolution of DNA methylation and genetic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL cases exhibit vast interpatient differences in intratumor methylation heterogeneity, with genetically clonal cases maintaining low methylation heterogeneity and up to 10% of total CpGs in a monoallelically methylated state. Increasing methylation heterogeneity correlates with advanced genetic subclonal complexity. Selection of novel DNA methylation patterns is observed only in cases that undergo genetic evolution, and independent genetic evolution is uncommon and is restricted to low-risk alterations. These results reveal that although evolution of DNA methylation occurs in high-risk, clinically progressive cases, positive selection of novel methylation patterns entails coevolution of genetic alteration(s) in CLL.
Significance: Epigenetic alterations are pervasive in cancer and continually develop during disease progression; however, the mechanisms that promote changes in the tumor epigenome at large are currently undefined. The current work provides insight into the coevolution of genetic and epigenetic aberrations and highlights the influential role of genetic aberrations in the selection of novel methylation patterns. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 348–61. ©2013 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 259
Diagnostic laparoscopy in the cat
Authors: Robertson Elise , Twedt David , Webb Craig 
Published: December 2013

Practical relevance: The integration of minimally invasive techniques into feline practice seems to be an intuitive step forward, especially for those cases where the owner may be reluctant to subject their cat to major surgery ‘just for a biopsy’. Although ultrasound is frequently employed as a diagnostic tool in similar cases, this modality can only provide information on gross abnormalities in organ size and shape, echogenicity and internal architecture; even with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration a definitive diagnosis is rarely achieved. So the clinician and owner are left with unanswered questions that are central to the diagnosis, the most appropriate treatment to pursue and the prognosis for the cat. Laparoscopy does require anesthesia and is more expensive than ultrasound; however, when performed correctly, it is only marginally more invasive and vastly more informative, with a proven track record of minimal morbidity. Audience: This article is aimed at all feline practitioners, from first opinion through to the referral setting. It is intended to encourage practitioners untrained in minimally invasive procedures to seek formalized training, especially those who want to expand their diagnostic capabilities. For those already performing minimally invasive surgery, it describes how laparoscopic techniques can be applied to many feline gastrointestinal cases. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is based on published literature, comprising original studies, case review series and textbook chapters, and the authors’ own clinical experience.
Diagnostic laparoscopy in the cat
Authors: Robertson Elise , Webb Craig , Twedt David 
Published: December 2013

Practical relevance: Minimally invasive techniques are becoming increasingly available in both first opinion and referral veterinary surgeries. Clients may be reluctant to pursue open surgery for the collection of biopsy samples in a sick cat but may be more open to a laparoscopic approach. Furthermore, a laparoscopic approach provides excellent visualization of the abdominal organs and enables high quality biopsies to be taken that are invariably more diagnostic than percutaneous needle biopsies. Although the feline patient is small in size, its distensible abdomen allows more room for surgical manipulation than afforded by a similar sized canine patient. Clinical challenges: Clinical challenges for the most part relate to mastering laparoscopic technique. Familiarity with the use of long instrumentation viewed on a two-dimensional screen is essential. Hemostasis is an important consideration and suitable instrumentation for achieving hemostasis should be available at all times. Insufflation of the abdomen carries its own challenges with regard to anesthesia and this is covered in an accompanying article in this Special Issue series. Aim: This article introduces the feline practitioner to basic techniques required to effectively utilize diagnostic laparoscopy within feline medical investigations. It focuses on the common procedures of liver biopsy, cholecystocentesis, pancreatic biopsy, kidney biopsy and laparoscopic-assisted intestinal biopsy. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the authors’ own clinical experience.
Evaluation of pharmacist counseling in improving knowledge, attitude, and practice in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Ghimirey Anurodh , Sapkota Binaya , Shrestha Sweta , Basnet Nabin , Shankar P Ravi , Sapkota Sujata 
Published: December 2013

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost. Patient involvement forms the keystone in the management of chronic kidney disease. This study evaluated effects of pharmacist-provided counseling in dialysis patients in terms of their knowledge, attitude, and practice outcomes. Methods: A total of 64 patients with chronic kidney disease were enrolled into the prospective, pre–post study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients regarding chronic kidney disease were assessed and recorded via baseline questionnaire. Case group patients were counseled regarding chronic kidney disease, their medication, diet, and lifestyle, and they were also provided with informative leaflet, whereas in the control group patients, the pharmacist did not intervene. After 1-month intervention, knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of patients of both groups were measured using the same knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. Effectiveness of counseling on case group patients was evaluated by comparing the mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores before and after counseling by paired t-test. Results: Mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores before intervention were 8.16 ± 4.378, 38.19 ± 3.217, and 6.69 ± 0.896, respectively, and these scores were changed to 13.75 ± 3.510, 38.78 ± 3.035, and 6.91 ± 0.777, respectively, after the intervention ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The pharmacist-provided counseling is effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients toward the disease management.
Book Review: More than Maoism: Politics and Policies of Insurgency in South Asia and Ordinary People, Extraordinary Violence
Authors: Sen Rumela 
Published: December 2013

Robin Jeffrey, Ronojoy Sen and Pratima Sen, eds, More than Maoism: Politics and Policies of Insurgency in South Asia. New Delhi: Manohar. 2012. 470 pages. ₹ 1,250. Chitralekha, Ordinary People, Extraordinary Violence. New Delhi: Routledge. 2012. 348 pages. ₹ 795.