bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Gene‐Environment Interactions With Quasi‐Natural Experiments
Authors: Schmitz Lauren , Conley Dalton 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis overview develops new empirical models that can effectively document Gene × Environment (G×E) interactions in observational data. Current G×E studies are often unable to support causal inference because they use endogenous measures of the environment or fail to adequately address the nonrandom distribution of genes across environments, confounding estimates. Comprehensive measures of genetic variation are incorporated into quasi‐natural experimental designs to exploit exogenous environmental shocks or isolate variation in environmental exposure to avoid potential confounders. In addition, we offer insights from population genetics that improve upon extant approaches to address problems from population stratification. Together, these tools offer a powerful way forward for G×E research on the origin and development of social inequality across the life course.
Now hang on a minute: five rules for writing an editorial
Authors: Gray R. 
Published: September 2015

The Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (re)introduced editorials – after an absence of several years – in the November 2014 edition. The first editorial by the new Editor in Chief – Lawrie Elliott – set out an ambitious programme of work that aims to enhance the reputation, quality and impact of the Journal. Editorials can serve to distil emergent themes, or highlight papers from a particular issue and/or set out an opinion on a topical issue. Generally, the editor or the editorial team will write the majority of editorials. There is also an expectation that members of the editorial board will also occasionally draft the lead piece. We also hope that readers of the journal will – from time to time – be stirred about a particular issue, put pen to paper and submit an editorial.As an editorial team, we thought it might be helpful to consider some guidance for writing editorials. These are therefore my five rules based on my experience writing, reading and reviewing editorials both for this and other journals over the past couple of decades.
Genetic Susceptibility to Rhodococcus equi
Authors: McQueen C.M. , Dindot S.V. , Foster M.J. , Cohen N.D. 
Published: September 2015

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Much effort has been made to identify preventative measures and new treatments for R. equi with limited success. With a growing focus in the medical community on understanding the genetic basis of disease susceptibility, investigators have begun to evaluate the interaction of the genetics of the foal with R. equi. This review describes past efforts to understand the genetic basis underlying R. equi susceptibility and tolerance. It also highlights the genetic technology available to study horses and describes the use of this technology in investigating R. equi. This review provides readers with a foundational understanding of candidate gene approaches, single nucleotide polymorphism‐based, and copy number variant‐based genome‐wide association studies, and next generation sequencing (both DNA and RNA).
What Do We Know? Reconsideration of Victorian Realism and Epistemological Doubt
Authors: Pond Kristen A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis essay traces what might be called an epistemology of realism: the attempt to gather empirical evidence about the world, to then selectively represent that evidence so as to make the others we encounter as intelligible as possible, but all the while acknowledging, implicitly or explicitly, that such complete knowledge is unattainable. In this way, realism continually comes up against its own epistemological endeavors. In what follows, I take a brief look at definitions, both conventional and troubling, of realism, the historical context out of which realism developed, and the historical trajectory of the 20th‐century criticism about realism. I then examine some of the more recent work on realism, focusing in particular on the trend of viewing realism in relation to epistemology. I conclude by performing two short readings of realist novels that utilize this epistemological lens in order to illustrate how this way of reading realism not only underscores some of the tough epistemological questions that realist writers grappled with but also draws our attention to texts previously defined as outside of the realist paradigm.
Determinants of parasitoid communities of willow‐galling sawflies: habitat overrides physiology, host plant and space
Authors: Nyman Tommi , Leppänen Sanna A. , Várkonyi Gergely , Shaw Mark R. , Koivisto Reijo , Barstad Trond Elling , Vikberg Veli , Roininen Heikki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStudies on the determinants of plant–herbivore and herbivore–parasitoid associations provide important insights into the origin and maintenance of global and local species richness. If parasitoids are specialists on herbivore niches rather than on herbivore taxa, then alternating escape of herbivores into novel niches and delayed resource tracking by parasitoids could fuel diversification at both trophic levels. We usedDNAbarcoding to identify parasitoids that attack larvae of sevenPontaniasawfly species that induce leaf galls on eight willow species growing in subarctic and arctic–alpine habitats in three geographic locations in northern Fennoscandia, and then applied distance‐ and model‐based multivariate analyses and phylogenetic regression methods to evaluate the hierarchical importance of location, phylogeny and different galler niche dimensions on parasitoid host use. We found statistically significant variation in parasitoid communities across geographic locations and willow host species, but the differences were mainly quantitative due to extensive sharing of enemies among gallers within habitat types. By contrast, the divide between habitats defined two qualitatively different network compartments, because many common parasitoids exhibited strong habitat preference. Galler and parasitoid phylogenies did not explain associations, because distantly related arctic–alpine gallers were attacked by a species‐poor enemy community dominated by two parasitoid species that most likely have independently tracked the gallers’ evolutionary shifts into the novel habitat. Our results indicate that barcode‐ and phylogeny‐based analyses of food webs that span forested vs. tundra or grassland environments could improve our understanding of vertical diversification effects in complex plant–herbivore–parasitoid networks.
Essentiality of threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A), a universal tRNA modification, in bacteria
Authors: Thiaville Patrick C. , El Yacoubi Basma , Köhrer Caroline , Thiaville Jennifer J. , Deutsch Chris , Iwata‐Reuyl Dirk , Bacusmo Jo Marie , Armengaud Jean , Bessho Yoshitaka , Wetzel Collin , Cao Xiaoyu , Limbach Patrick A. , RajBhandary Uttam L. , de Crécy‐Lagard Valérie 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThreonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a modified nucleoside universally conserved in tRNAs in all three kingdoms of life. The recently discovered genes for t6A synthesis, including tsaC and tsaD, are essential in model prokaryotes but not essential in yeast. These genes had been identified as antibacterial targets even before their functions were known. However, the molecular basis for this prokaryotic‐specific essentiality has remained a mystery. Here, we show that t6A is a strong positive determinant for aminoacylation of tRNA by bacterial‐type but not by eukaryotic‐type isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetases and might also be a determinant for the essential enzyme tRNAIle‐lysidine synthetase. We confirm that t6A is essential in Escherichia coli and a survey of genome‐wide essentiality studies shows that genes for t6A synthesis are essential in most prokaryotes. This essentiality phenotype is not universal in Bacteria as t6A is dispensable in Deinococcus radiodurans, Thermus thermophilus, Synechocystis PCC6803 and Streptococcus mutans. Proteomic analysis of t6A− D. radiodurans strains revealed an induction of the proteotoxic stress response and identified genes whose translation is most affected by the absence of t6A in tRNAs. Thus, although t6A is universally conserved in tRNAs, its role in translation might vary greatly between organisms.
Griscelli Syndrome Type 3: Two New Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nouriel Ariella , Zisquit Jonah , Helfand Alexander M. , Anikster Yair , Greenberger Shoshana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Arab boy with a history of hypoplastic left heart syndrome was referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic at Sheba Medical Center for evaluation of hypomelanosis, manifested by fair skin pigmentation and silvery‐grey hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes. The child had one older brother with similar hypopigmentation and another older brother who had died of congenital heart disease. The child had no history of neurologic deficits or immunodeficiency and no additional findings on clinical evaluation.
Identifying Performance Gaps in Comorbidity and Risk Factor Screening, Prevention, and Counseling Behaviors of Providers Caring for Children with Psoriasis
Authors: Swary Jillian H. , Stratman Erik J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesComorbidities and risk factors are associated with pediatric psoriasis. It is unknown whether pediatricians and dermatologists ask about, record, or counsel on pediatric psoriasis risk factors and comorbidities. The aim of our study was to assess the rate at which pediatricians and dermatologists inquire about, counsel on, and document pediatric psoriasis risk factors and comorbidities in a stable population.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review from 2011 to 2013 in a large, rural multidisciplinary clinic, the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area. Participants were children ages 18 years and younger with plaque psoriasis. Rates of counseling and screening for pediatric psoriasis risk factors and comorbidities by pediatricians and dermatologists were determined.ResultsThirty patients qualified for the study. Data were collected on body mass index (BMI) and tobacco exposure. Caregiver counseling rates on these factors were low; 66.7% and 60% did not receive counseling on BMI reduction or family member smoking cessation, respectively. Counseling on stress as a risk factor was performed at only one patient's dermatology visit (3.3%). Lipid panels were collected for 40% of patients and fasting glucose levels for 33.3% since the date of first psoriasis diagnosis. Blood pressure was collected for all patients. Only 13.3% of patients were counseled on the psoriasis comorbidity hyperlipidemia, 10% on hypertension, and 3.3% on diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsDermatologists and pediatricians have a low rate of counseling, documenting, and screening for pediatric psoriasis risk factors and comorbidities, suggesting that psoriasis comorbidity education is an aspect of the patient visit that may need improvement. Pediatric psoriasis counseling and screening guidelines are needed.
Development of Sinus Tracts within a Connective Tissue Nevus
Authors: Shwayder Tor , Rambhatla Pranita , Novice Karlee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report a case of sinus tract development within a connective tissue nevus in a patient with velocardiofacial syndrome and describe our treatment of sinus tracts using surgical deroofing and trichloroacetic acid scarification.
First case of methemoglobinemia caused by a ClO2‐based household product
Authors: Hagiwara Yusuke , Inoue Nobuaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhen new household products are developed and distributed, new injuries often occur in children. We report the first known case of methemoglobinemia caused by a chlorine dioxide (ClO2)‐based household product. A 1‐year‐old boy presented to the emergency department with vomiting and poor complexion after accidentally ingesting a ClO2‐based household product. The patient had profound hypoxia that did not respond to oxygen therapy and required endotracheal intubation to maintain a normal oxygen level. Although oxygen saturation (SpO2) fluctuated at approximately 95% after intubation, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was high on arterial blood gas analysis. We suspected methemoglobinemia based on the gap between SpO2 and PaO2, and subsequently detected increased methemoglobin at 8.0%. The patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for further management. After supportive treatment, he was discharged without any complications. He had no cognitive or motor dysfunction on follow up 3 months later.
Bridging the Void: New Interpretations of Christian Mysticism and Mystical Theology
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere is currently a welcome intensification of interest in the contemporary theological significance of both historical traditions of mystical theology and twentieth‐century theories of mysticism. This review article surveys and evaluates the stimulating range of approaches to these two issues contained in the essays in these volumes. It suggests that the volumes make evident the difficulty of attempting to uncover an underlying conceptual unity in these two historically entangled but deeply different forms of thought. The historical and philosophical sophistication with which many of these essays reflect on these tensions, however, points towards fruitful lines of future enquiry.
The relationship between dermal papillary structure and skin surface properties, color, and elasticity
Authors: Mizukoshi K. , Nakamura T. , Oba A. 
Published: September 2015

Background/purposeThe skin contains an undulating structure called the dermal papillary structure between the border of the epidermis and dermis. The physiological importance of the dermal papillary structures has been discussed, however, the dermal papillary structures have never been evaluated for their contribution to skin appearance. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the dermal papillary structure and skin color and elasticity. In addition, the relationship was validated with skin model experiments.MethodsThe dermal papillary structures in the skin of the female cheek were quantitatively measured by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy images. In addition, the skin color and elasticity were measured at the same site. A skin model with dermal papilla‐like structures was created by referring to the optical and shape properties of the skin using agar gel and a scattering sheet.ResultsCorrelations were found between the dermal papillary structures and skin color irregularity and skin elasticity. These relationships were verified by the experiments employing a skin model.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that the dermal papillary structure is also an important factor for skin appearance such as color and elasticity.
Phylogeny and systematics of the subfamily Bryocorinae based on morphology with emphasis on the tribe Dicyphini sensu Schuh,
Authors: NAMYATOVA ANNA A. , KONSTANTINOV FEDOR V. , CASSIS GERASIMOS 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe classification of the hyperdiverse true bug family Miridae is far from settled, and is particularly contentious for the cosmopolitan subfamily Bryocorinae. The morphological diversity within the subfamily is pronounced, and a lack of explicit character formulation hampers stability in the classification. Molecular partitions are few and only a handful of taxa have been sequenced. In this study the phylogeny of the subfamily Bryocorinae has been analysed based on morphological data alone, with an emphasis on evaluating the tribe Dicyphina sensu Schuh, 1976, within which distinct groups of taxa exist. A broad sample of taxa was examined from each of the bryocorine tribes. A broad range of outgroup taxa from most of the other mirid subfamilies was also examined to test for bryocorine monophyly, ingroup relationships and to determine character polarity. In total a matrix comprising 44 ingroup, 15 outgroup taxa and 111 morphological characters was constructed. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in a monophyletic subfamily Bryocorinae sensu Schuh (1976, 1995), except for the genus Palaucoris, which is nested within Cylapinae. The tribe Dicyphini sensu Schuh (1976, 1995) has been rejected. The subtribe Odoniellina is synonymized with the subtribe Monaloniina and the subtribes Dicyphina, Monaloniina and Eccritotarsina are now elevated to tribal level, with the Dicyphini now restricted in composition and definition. The genus Felisacus is highly autapomorphic and a new tribe – the Felisacini – is erected for the included taxa. This phylogeny of the tribes of the Bryocorinae comprises the following sister‐group relationships: Dicyphini ((Bryocorini + Eccritotarsini)(Felisicini + Monaloniini)).
Arabidopsis PLC2 is involved in auxin‐modulated reproductive development
Authors: Li Lin , He Yuqing , Wang Yarui , Zhao Shujuan , Chen Xi , Ye Tiantian , Wu Yuxuan , Wu Yan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPhospholipase C (PLC) is an enzyme that plays crucial roles in various signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells. However, the role of PLC in plant development is poorly understood. Here we report involvement of PLC2 in auxin‐mediated reproductive development in Arabidopsis. Disruption of PLC2 led to sterility, indicating a significant role for PLC2 in reproductive development. Development of both male and female gametophytes was severely perturbed in plc2 mutants. Moreover, elevated auxin levels were observed in plc2 floral tissues, suggesting that the infertility of plc2 plants may be associated with increased auxin concentrations in the reproductive organs. We show that expression levels of the auxin reporters DR5:GUS and DR5:GFP were elevated in plc2 anthers and ovules. In addition, we found that expression of the auxin biosynthetic YUCCA genes was increased in plc2 plants. We conclude that PLC2 is involved in auxin biosynthesis and signaling, thus modulating development of both male and female gametophytes in Arabidopsis.
Interactions between CXCR4 and CXCL12 promote cell migration and invasion of canine hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Im K. S. , Graef A. J. , Breen M. , Lindblad‐Toh K. , Modiano J. F. , Kim J.‐H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays an important role in cell locomotion and metastasis in many cancers. In this study, we hypothesized that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis promotes migration and invasion of canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells. Transcriptomic analysis across 12 HSA cell lines and 58 HSA whole tumour tissues identified heterogeneous expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12, which was associated with cell movement. In vitro, CXCL12 promoted calcium mobilization, cell migration and invasion that were directly proportional to surface expression of CXCR4; furthermore, these responses proved sensitive to the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, in HSA cell lines. These results indicate that CXCL12 potentiates migration and invasion of canine HSA cells through CXCR4 signalling. The direct relationship between these responses in HSA cells suggests that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis contributes to HSA progression.
Effects of age and breed on corneal thickness, density, and morphology of corneal endothelial cells in enucleated sheep eyes
Authors: Coyo Natalia , Peña Maria Teresa , Costa Daniel , Ríos José , Lacerda Rodrigo , Leiva Marta 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to determine corneal thickness (CT), endothelial cell density (ECD), morphology, and morphometry in ovine eyes, and to report the effects of age and breed on these parameters.Animals studied and proceduresForty‐eight healthy ovine eyes were classified into six groups (eight eyes per group) according to animals' age (lambs and adults) and breed (Manchega, Ripollesa, and Rasa Aragonesa). Endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) andCT(μm) were calculated in the central cornea and four peripheral quadrants by means of specular microscopy. Mean cell area (MCA(μm2)), pleomorphism (% hexagonal cells), and polymegethism (CV) were evaluated in the central cornea. Statistics consisted of an ANOVA model and aLSDtest for thepost hocanalysis.ResultsResults in lambs were as follows:ECD = 3532 ± 259,CT = 699 ± 56,MCA = 283 ± 22, % hexagonal cells = 75.64 ± 3.09, andCV = 18 ± 8.4; and in adults:ECD = 2204 ± 261,CT = 804 ± 87,MCA = 473 ± 53, % hexagonal cells = 69.9 ± 3.42, andCV = 18.1 ± 5.2. There were differences (P < 0.001) in all parameters studied between both groups except for theCV(P = 0.962). Regarding the breed, Rasa Aragonesa presented a higherCT(P = 0.001) andCV(P = 0.04) compared to other breeds. Mean values of all groups together showed that central and dorsal areas of the cornea were the thickest, whereas temporal quadrant was the thinnest (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that age and breed influence corneal and endothelial parameters in sheep.
Differential diagnoses, investigation, and management of a periocular swelling close to the nasolacrimal duct in a horse – A case report of Dacryops
Authors: Dawson Charlotte , Dixon Jonathon , Lam Richard , Priestnall Simon L. , Escanilla Natalia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo describe the differential diagnoses, investigation, and management of a periocular swelling close to the nasolacrimal duct in a horse that was consistent with a nasolacrimal duct dacryops (lacrimal cyst). A 16‐year‐old gelding, Connemara cross presented with a history of a periocular swelling rostroventral medial to the right eye that had been sampled by the referring veterinary surgeon. A cystic lesion was diagnosed following standing computed tomography. Surgical removal of the cystic lesion was performed, and the tissue was submitted for histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. Surgical removal of the cyst was curative, and there was no recurrence of clinical signs 7 months later. There was a small amount of mineralized material in the center of the cyst. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed a nasolacrimal duct cyst. Dacryops can form in horses as well as other species and appears to have a favorable outcome if surgically removed.
Weak D alleles in Japanese: a c.960G>A silent mutation in exon 7 of the RHD gene that affects D expression
Authors: Ogasawara K. , Sasaki K. , Isa K. , Tsuneyama H. , Uchikawa M. , Satake M. , Tadokoro K. 
Published: September 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe molecular basis of the weak D phenotype has been investigated for many years, and more than 80 different alleles producing weak D phenotypes have been identified. Most alleles producing weak D phenotypes have a single missense mutation in exons corresponding to a transmembrane domain of the RhD polypeptide. We report here RHD alleles with single nucleotide mutations in Japanese accounting for weak expression of D antigen.MethodsSeventy‐five blood samples with a weak D phenotype were detected from 763 408 blood donors by standard serological methods. Forty‐five of the 75 blood donors were available for RHD gene analysis by PCR and sequencing using genomic DNA and reticulocyte mRNA. Real‐time PCR was performed to estimate the relative amounts of the RHD transcripts.ResultsWe detected 16 different RHD alleles in the 45 individuals with weak D by nucleotide sequencing; 12 were newly identified. Thirty‐two of the 45 individuals had an RHD allele with a single missense mutation, while the other 13 individuals had RHD with a c.960G>A silent mutation in exon 7. Red blood cells of these 13 individuals showed direct agglutination with anti‐D at a strength of 3+ or less. Semi‐quantitative analysis of the RHD transcripts by real‐time PCR revealed that the cDNA samples with the c.960G>A mutation showed a significant increment of exon 7 skipping compared with the common RHD.ConclusionReduced expression of D antigen is caused not only by missense mutation of the RHD gene, but also by silent mutation that may affect splicing.