bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People with diabetes in Estonia: Standard of living, aspects of health, and coping behavior
Authors: Laidmäe Virve-Ines , Tuisk Tarmo , Tammer-Jäätes Ulvi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that aggravate everyday life, health status, living conditions, economic coping, medical rehabilitation, and training needs of people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: In 2001, in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Estonia and the Institute for European Studies, the Estonian Chamber for Disabled People conducted a survey among people with different disabilities. The survey also included people living with diabetes. A total of 974 people were surveyed; 86 of them had diabetes. The data were analyzed using frequency tables. The results reflect the subjective opinions of the people surveyed. Results: There are more women (64%) among people with diabetes than men. The disease is more frequent among the older population (74% in the age group of 26-45 years). Persons living with diabetes display a variety of health complaints (vision problems, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, tooth decay, etc.). Of the people surveyed, 75% are satisfied with the medical care they have received. Of the people with diabetes, 63% were hospitalized for 6-30 days during the past year. The need for a helper was often (63%) cited as something that would facilitate coping with everyday life. Catering services are especially important for persons living with diabetes (30%), but the need for a conversation partner was also highlighted (21%). Conclusions: The efficiency of the impact of adjustment courses should be considered more. There is an apparent contradiction - although they are of working age, not everyone can find work. People with diabetes rarely have the courage to talk about the difficulties they are faced with in their everyday life. Help and financial support from the state are needed to solve the problems. The organization itself could do a lot more favorable conditions for its activities, which were established.
Concerns about hypoglycemia in India: The Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Sahay Rakesh , Unnikrishnan Ambika 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHypoglycemia is an important complication of diabetes management, associated with both acute and chronic medical implications. Hypoglycemia is also associated with significant psychosocial stress. The recently conducted second Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs study (DAWN2) explores this aspect of hypoglycemia. This brief communication discusses data related to worry about hypoglycemia in the Indian cohort of people with diabetes and family members. It suggests strategies to reduce this avoidable stress.
Abdominal Fat Sonographic Measurement Compared to Anthropometric Indices for Predicting the Presence of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Shabestari Abbas Arjmand , Bahrami-Motlagh Hooman , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Heidari Kazem 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesSonography for measuring intra‐abdominal fat is more accurate than anthropometric measurements. Computed tomographic (CT) angiography has become an accurate noninvasive method for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the associations between both sonographic and anthropometric measurements of abdominal adiposity and the presence of CAD on CT angiography.MethodsWe evaluated 83 consecutive patients (70% men; mean age ± SD, 56 ± 10.8 years) who were referred for CT angiography. Clinical and laboratory variables were determined, and CT angiography was performed using a 64‐slice scanner. The severity of CAD was defined by visual assessment of any plaque, either calcified or noncalcified. Preperitoneal fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat thicknesses were determined on sonography, and the abdominal fat index was calculated as the preperitoneal fat thickness‐to‐subcutaneous fat thickness ratio.ResultsCoronary artery disease was detected in 56 patients (67%). Patients with CAD had higher visceral fat thickness (9.3 ± 2.0 versus 8.2 ± 2.2 cm; P = .035) and a higher waist‐to‐hip ratio (0.97 ± 0.07 versus 0.92 ± 0.07; P = .018) than those without CAD. The preperitoneal fat thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, and abdominal fat index were not correlated with the CAD status. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, however, only a waist‐to‐hip ratio higher than 0.95 remained significantly associated with the presence of CAD (odds ratio, 4.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–13.4).ConclusionsThis study shows that sonographically based obesity measurements are not superior to anthropometric indices in predicting the presence of CAD.
Value of the Left Inferior Thyroid Artery Peak Systolic Velocity in Diagnosing Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Banaka Ioanna , Thomas Dimitrios , Kaltsas Gregory 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to calculate a number of thyroid grayscale and Doppler sonographic parameters in healthy individuals and patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease and assess their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease using receiver operating characteristic curves.MethodsA consecutive series of 153 patients (70 euthyroid and 54 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and 29 patients with Graves disease), all selected from an outpatient endocrine clinic, and 48 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control participants were evaluated with grayscale and power Doppler sonography.ResultsAn irregular echo pattern in the thyroid parenchyma had 92.8% sensitivity for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease, and a left inferior thyroid artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) greater than 26.11 cm/s had 91.7% specificity. Of 8 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and normal grayscale sonographic characteristics, 6 had a left inferior thyroid artery PSV greater than 26.11 cm/s. A left inferior thyroid artery PSV greater than 61.65 cm/s had 82.8% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity for differentiating Hashimoto thyroiditis from Graves disease.ConclusionsThe left inferior thyroid artery PSV was the most accurate sonographic parameter for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Measurement of the inferior thyroid artery PSV could be used in patients with a normal grayscale sonographic appearance and inconclusive clinical and biochemical parameters to substantiate the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate and expand the use of this index.
Methods to Detect Protein Glutathionylation
Authors: Poerschke Robyn L. , Fritz Kristofer S. , Franklin Christopher C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGlutathionylation is a posttranslational modification that results in the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the thiol group of a protein cysteine residue. Glutathionylation of proteins occurs via both nonenzymatic mechanisms involving thiol/disulfide exchange and enzyme‐mediated reactions. Protein glutathionylation is observed in response to oxidative or nitrosative stress and is redox‐dependent, being readily reversible under reducing conditions. Such findings suggest that glutathionylation plays an important role in mediating redox‐sensitive signaling. Indeed, glutathionylation can affect protein function by altering activity, protein‐protein interactions, and ligand binding. Glutathionylation may also serve to prevent cysteine residues from undergoing irreversible oxidative modification. Thus, determining the ability of a given protein to become glutathionylated can provide insight into its redox regulation and putative role in dictating cellular response to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Methods to measure protein glutathionylation using immunoblotting and mass spectrometry are described. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 57:6.17.1‐6.17.18. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment of Drug Transporter Function Using Fluorescent Cell Imaging
Authors: Bircsak Kristin M. , Gibson Christopher J. , Robey Robert W. , Aleksunes Lauren M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins, including the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance proteins (MDRs), actively transport structurally diverse chemicals from a number of tissues and are being increasingly cited as mediators of clinically relevant drug‐drug interactions. The potential outcomes of concomitantly administering two drugs that interact at the same transporter include altered disposition and toxicity and/or efficacy of one or both of the drugs. Research demonstrating the role of transporters in clinical pharmacokinetics has shed light on the need for in vitro screening methods that detect drug‐transporter interactions during preclinical development. This unit describes cell‐based procedures for detecting functional inhibitors of BCRP and MDR1 by measuring fluorescent substrate accumulation in suspended cells using an automated cell counter, which offers convenience, sensitivity, and speed in measuring intracellular fluorescence and identifying new inhibitors. An alternative method is provided for making similar measurements using a spectrophotometer with fluorescence detection capabilities. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 57:21.12.1‐21.12.15. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Antibody Arrays to Measure Protein Abundance and Glycosylation: Considerations for Optimal Performance
Authors: Haab Brian B. , Partyka Katie , Cao Zheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAntibody arrays provide a valuable method for obtaining multiple protein measurements from small volumes of biological samples. Antibody arrays can be designed to target not only core protein abundances (relative or absolute abundances, depending on the availability of standards for calibration), but also posttranslational modifications, provided antibodies or other affinity reagents are available to detect them. Glycosylation is a common modification that has important and diverse functions in both normal and disease biology. Significant progress has been made in developing methods for measuring glycan levels on multiple specific proteins using antibody arrays and glycan‐binding reagents. This unit describes practical approaches for developing, optimizing, and using antibody array assays to determine both protein abundance and glycosylation state. Low‐volume arrays can be used to reduce sample consumption, and a new way to improve the binding strength of particular glycan‐binding reagents through multimerization is discussed. These methods can be useful for a wide range of biological studies in which glycosylation may change and/or affect protein function. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 73:27.6.1‐27.6.16. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular Modeling of Nucleic Acid Structure
Authors: Galindo‐Murillo Rodrigo , Bergonzo Christina , Cheatham Thomas E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis unit is the first in a series of four units covering the analysis of nucleic acid structure by molecular modeling. The unit provides an overview of the computer simulation of nucleic acids. Topics include the static structure model, computational graphics and energy models, the generation of an initial model, and characterization of the overall three‐dimensional structure. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 54:7.5.1‐7.5.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Simple Chemical Synthesis of Sugar Nucleoside Diphosphates in Water
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Yoshimura Yayoi , Hindsgaul Ole 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis is attractive since it eliminates the tedious multistep protection‐deprotection requirements of pure chemical synthesis. Chemoenzymatic synthesis using glycosyltransferases, however, requires not only the correct enzyme to control both regio‐ and stereospecificity, but also the glycosyl donor to provide the sugar that is added. This unit describes a simple synthesis of sugar‐nucleoside diphosphates (sugar‐NDPs), the type of glycosyl donor (e.g., UDP‐Glc, UDP‐Gal, ADP‐Glc) required by most glycosyltransferases, by using a chemical coupling reaction in water. The preparation of sugar‐NDPs by this method therefore does not require any skills in synthetic organic chemistry. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 54:13.12.1‐13.12.10. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nonhuman Primate Models for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development
Authors: Sui Yongjun , Gordon Shari , Franchini Genoveffa , Berzofsky Jay A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe development of HIV vaccines has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that can accurately predict vaccine efficacy. Chimpanzees can be infected with HIV‐1 but are not practical for research. However, several species of macaques are susceptible to the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that cause disease in macaques, which also closely mimic HIV in humans. Thus, macaque‐SIV models of HIV infection have become a critical foundation for AIDS vaccine development. Here we examine the multiple variables and considerations that must be taken into account in order to use this nonhuman primate (NHP) model effectively. These include the species and subspecies of macaques, virus strain, dose and route of administration, and macaque genetics, including the major histocompatibility complex molecules that affect immune responses, and other virus restriction factors. We illustrate how these NHP models can be used to carry out studies of immune responses in mucosal and other tissues that could not easily be performed on human volunteers. Furthermore, macaques are an ideal model system to optimize adjuvants, test vaccine platforms, and identify correlates of protection that can advance the HIV vaccine field. We also illustrate techniques used to identify different macaque lymphocyte populations and review some poxvirus vaccine candidates that are in various stages of clinical trials. Understanding how to effectively use this valuable model will greatly increase the likelihood of finding a successful vaccine for HIV. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 102:12.14.1‐12.14.30. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Occupational injury among hospital patient‐care workers: What is the association with workplace verbal abuse?
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Hurtado David A. , Okechukwu Cassandra A. , Tamers Sara L. , Nelson Candace , Kim Seung‐Sup , Wagner Gregory , Sorenson Glorian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo test the association between workplace abuse exposure and injury risk among hospital workers. We hypothesized that exposed workers would have higher injury rates than unexposed workers.MethodsSurvey of direct‐care workers (n = 1,497) in two hospitals. Exposure to workplace abuse was assessed through self‐report; occupational injury reports were extracted from employee records. We tested associations between non‐physical workplace violence and injury using log‐binomial regression and multilevel modeling.ResultsAdjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for injury associated with being yelled at was 1.52 (95% CI 1.19, 1.95); for experiencing hostile/offensive gestures 1.43 (1.11, 1.82); and for being sworn at 1.41 (1.09, 1.81). In analyses by injury subtypes, musculoskeletal injuries were more strongly associated with abuse than were acute traumatic injuries. Associations operated on group and individual levels and were most consistently associated with abuse perpetrated by patients.ConclusionExposure to workplace abuse may be a risk factor for injuries among hospital workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:222–232, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of coupling agents on the degradation of polypropylene/fly ash composites
Authors: Liauw Christopher Mark , Iraola‐Arregui Itziar , Potgieter Johannes Herman 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTComposites containing 50% wt fly ash (sourced from the UK and South Africa) in polypropylene homopolymer (manufacturer stabilized for general purpose use) have been prepared by using batch and continuous methods. The effect of the following coupling agents were investigated on the photo‐ and thermal‐decomposition of the composite materials: Lubrizol Solplus C800 (an unsaturated carboxylic acid), γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (γ‐MPS), 1,3‐phenylene dimaleimide (BMI), and maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polypropylene (m‐PP). High melt, thermal‐, and photo‐stability was favored when the matrix was coupled to the filler surface by monomeric coupling agents that were expected to adsorb in a close packed layer on the fly ash surface. Further improvements were observed in cases where the coupling agent could also self‐polymerize. m‐PP did not lead to increased stability due to its low adsorption density on the fly ash surface. The relatively high water/acid soluble transition metal ion content of the UK sourced fly ash did not appear to affect stability under the test conditions employed in this study. The South African sourced fly ash had a higher level of quartz and mullite together with a high level of group 1 and 2 metals. The latter in particular may have led to debonding of the coupled interfacial region from the filler surface and possible adsorption of stabilizers on the pristine surface. This resulted in the South African fly ash generally possessing poorer resistance to oxidation than the UK fly ash. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39974.
Cooperatively Enhanced Receptors for Biomimetic Molecular Recognition
Authors: Zhao Yan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe concept of preorganization suggests that organizing a receptor around its guest during binding is detrimental, because the cost of conformational change is assumed to be paid out of the binding energy. Although this concept has historically guided the synthesis of a great many synthetic hosts, in recent years, chemists have begun to synthesize receptors that resemble proteins in their cooperative conformational changes. Such changes could enhance the host–guest interactions, in particular if the binding of the guest triggers previously unengaged noncovalent interactions within the host. These hosts, referred to as cooperatively enhanced receptors, corroborate with their biological counterparts to support the approach of creating high‐affinity receptors through the combined strategies of cooperativity and preorganization. Solvents, often the invisible participants of any solution‐based supramolecular process, should be properly considered in the design of synthetic receptors, whether preorganized or cooperatively enhanced.
Recovery error bounds on compressed sensing of noisy signals
Authors: Rateb Ahmad M. , Yusof Sharifah K. S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCompressed sensing is an emerging technique in the field of digital signal acquisition. It promises almost exact recovery of high‐dimensional signals from a very small set of measurements. However, this technique is challenged by the task of recovering signals immersed in noise. In this paper, we derive upper and lower bounds on mean squared recovery error of noisy signals. These bounds are valid for any number of acquired measurements and at any signal‐to‐noise ratio. This work is highly useful for the design of any compressed sensing‐based real world application by quantifying recovery error entailed with realistic digital signal acquisition scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Method to Prepare Optically Active Acyclic α‐Benzyl Ketones by Thermodynamically Controlled Deracemization
Authors: Kaku Hiroto , Imai Takahiro , Kondo Risa , Mamba Shiho , Watanabe Yu , Inai Makoto , Nishii Takeshi , Horikawa Mitsuyo , Tsunoda Tetsuto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThermodynamically controlled deracemization of some acyclic ketones bearing a chiral center at the position α to the carbonyl group was satisfactorily achieved. Acyclic ketones with high optical purities could be isolated after treatment of the racemic ketones with base in aqueous MeOH in the presence of (–)‐(2R,3R)‐trans‐2,3‐bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)‐1,4‐dioxaspiro[5.4]decane (1a). The efficiency of the deracemization was appreciably influenced by the ratio of H2O/MeOH used as solvent.
Sex and ESR1 genotype may influence the response to treatment with donepezil and rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Scacchi Renato , Gambina Giuseppe , Broggio Elisabetta , Corbo Rosa Maria 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundMany factors could be responsible for the different response to treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) donepezil and rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Sex and the variants of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene are reported to modulate AD susceptibility or the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to verify whether patient's sex and ESR1 genotype could influence the response to ChEI treatment, as there is evidence that estrogens affect cholinergic system functioning.MethodsTwo ESR1 intronic polymorphisms (PvuII, rs2234693; XbaI, rs9340799) were examined in 184 AD patients: 157 were receiving treatment with donepezil or rivastigmine and 27 were receiving no treatment. Cognitive status was assessed using the mini mental state examination at four time points (1, 3, 9, and 15 months into therapy).ResultsAmong the patients under treatment with either ChEI, the women responded more markedly than the men. As compared with the untreated patients, the effects of treatment were statistically significant for both donepezil and rivastigmine. A significant effect of ESR1 genotypes was observed for the donepezil‐treated patients, among which those carrying at least one copy of P and X alleles showed a significantly lower cognitive decline than the noncarriers.ConclusionsThe present data seem to confirm a sex‐related influence on treatment, as the women seemed to be more sensitive to therapy and to have experienced less cognitive decline. ESR1 may be another gene contributing to interindividual variability in response to treatment with ChEIs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiratory syncytial virus detection in cells and clinical samples by using three new monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Gómez Roberto S. , Mora Jorge E. , Cortés Claudia M. , Riedel Claudia A. , Ferrés Marcela , Bueno Susan M. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAcute respiratory infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are important health burdens that affect infants worldwide. RSV is also an important cause of morbidity and disease in adults, which causes enormous economic losses. At the present time, RSV infection is diagnosed by immunofluorescence, test pack and/or PCR, obtaining better results with PCR than with any other technique. The production of new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of detecting RSV in clinical samples is necessary to generate better and faster diagnosis tools for RSV. In this study, three new mAbs, directed against the RSV N and M2‐1 proteins, were evaluated for the detection of RSV in clinical samples. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from: 27 RSV‐positive patients; 15 human metapneumovirus (hMPV)‐positive patients; and 6 healthy controls. To evaluate RSV presence in these samples, clinical samples and RSV‐infected cells were tested by Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and dot‐blot assays. Specificity and sensitivity were determined for each mAb by using purified RSV antigens and antigens from different viruses. Infected cells and clinical samples tested with the three new mAbs resulted positive by immunofluorescence, ELISA, flow cytometry, and dot blot. No false positives were obtained in samples infected with other respiratory virus (hMPV) or from healthy controls. These results suggest that these new anti‐RSV mAbs can be considered for the rapid and reliable detection of RSV on infected cells and clinical specimens by multiple immunological approaches. J. Med. Virol. 86:1256–1266, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.