bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PADIDĖJĘS JAUTRUMAS MAISTO PRIEDAMS: GLUTAMATO KLINIKINIAI ASPEKTAI
Authors: Ėmužytė Regina , Firantienė Regina , Sasnauskienė Sofija , Kalibatienė Danutė , Kinčinienė Odeta 
Published: December 2014

Reikšminiai žodžiai: glutamo rūgštis, mononatrio glutamatas, neurosiuntiklis, maisto priedai. Padidėjęs jautrumas maisto priedams ar maisto netoleravimas dažnai painiojami dėl nepageidaujamų simptomų, kurie yra susiję su maisto vartojimu. Tai apibrėžiama kaip reakcija, kai simptomai privalo būti pakartojami, tačiau nėra žinoma, ar dalyvauja imunologiniai mechanizmai. Todėl tikslesnis terminas esti padidėjęs nealerginis jautrumas maistui, kuris skiriasi nuo alergijos maistui, kai dalyvauja imunologiniai mechanizmai. Tikrasis padidėjusio nealerginio jautrumo maistui dažnis siekia 1–2 proc., kai tėvai teigia, kad per 20 proc. vaikų netoleruoja maisto. Padidėjusio jautrumo maisto priedams paplitimas realiame gyvenime nėra tiksliai žinomas. Maisto priedų sukeliamų reakcijų paplitimas bendroje populiacijoje – 0,01–0,23 proc., atopiškiems asmenims – 2–7 proc. Glutamo rūgštis – tai viena iš 20–22 aminorūgščių, esančių baltymų sudėtyje. Ji priskiriama pakeičiamųjų aminorūgščių grupei, nes yra gaminama žmogaus organizme iš α-keto-glutarato. Tai dvi karboksigrupes turinti aminorūgštis. Fiziologinėmis sąlygomis karboksigrupės praranda protonus, tai yra disocijuoja, susidaro du karboksilato anijonai. Tokia glutamo rūgšties forma vadinama glutamatu. Glutamatas su Na+, K+ katijonais sudaro druskas, todėl ląstelėse dažniausiai būna natrio arba kalio glutamatas. Glutamatą iš kviečių glitimo 1866 metais išskyrė ir struktūrą nustatė vokiečių chemikas L. Ritthausenas. Glutamatas yra viena svarbių molekulių, ląstelėse atliekanti pagrindinį vaidmenį baltymų- aminorūgščių metabolizmo reakcijose. Jis yra labai svarbus centrinės nervų sistemos neurosiuntiklis arba neuromediatorius. Reikšmingi laisvo glutamato kiekiai yra daugelio maisto produktų sudėtyje: pieno produktuose, ypač daug parmezano sūryje, šiek tiek motinos piene, paukštienos mėsoje, žuvies produktuose (sardinės, skumbrės, lašišos), daržovėse, daugiausia pomidoruose, ankštinėse bei grūdinėse kultūrose, bulvėse. Kai kuriems maisto produktams jis suteikia pikantišką, primenantį mėsos sultinio skonį. Maisto produktams pikantišką skonį suteikiantį junginį – glutamatą iš jūros dumblių XX a. pradžioje išskyrė japonų chemikas K. Ikeda ir šį prieskonį pavadino umami. Iki šiol glutamato druskos, ypač mononatrio glutamatas, ir kiti giminingi junginiai maisto pramonėje plačiai naudojami kaip maisto priedai – prieskoniai, skonio stiprikliai, kurie žymimi E620–E625. Maisto priedų saugumas, tarp jų ir glutamato, buvo patvirtintas klinikiniais tyrimais. Nepageidaujamos reakcijos gali atsirasti individualiai jautriems įprastiems maisto priedams asmenims ir (arba) perdozavus. Santrumpos: Glu – glutamatas, DAPKPOM – dvigubai aklas placebu kontroliuojamas provokacinis oralinis mėginys, CNS – centrinė nervų sistema, MNG – mononatrio glutamatas, DTHS – dėmesio trūkumo ir hiperaktyvumo sutrikimas.
The Impact of Eskoba®, a Glyphosate Formulation, on the Freshwater Plankton Community
Authors: Reno U. , Gutierrez M.F. , Regaldo L. , Gagneten A.M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the acute effects of a glyphosate‐based herbicide (Eskoba®) on the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, the cladoceran Simocephalus vetulus, and the copepod Notodiaptomus conifer, and evaluated the recovery ability of the surviving microcrustaceans. Survival, age of first reproduction, and fecundity were used as endpoints for S. vetulus, while survival and time to reach the adult stage were used as endpoints for N. conifer. The registered order of sensitivity was S. vetulus (48‐hour effective concentration [EC50]: 21 mg/L) > C. vulgaris (72‐hour EC50: 58.59 mg/ L) > N. conifer (48‐hour EC50: 95 mg/L). Despite the growth of C. vulgaris stimulated after 24 hours of exposure to the commercial formulation of glyphosate Eskoba®, it was inhibited after 48 hours by all the concentrations tested. In postexposure experiments, microcrustaceans reduced their life expectancy, S. vetulus decreased its fertility, and N. conifer inhibited its sexual maturity. In summary, it was demonstrated that these species lost their recovery ability.
Multispectral Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms in Lake Champlain, USA
Authors: Isenstein Elizabeth M. , Trescott Adam , Park Mi‐Hyun 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT: This study developed satellite remote sensing models to detect cyanobacterial blooms via chlorophyll a in Lake Champlain. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus data was used to retrieve chlorophyll a concentrations, phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria biovolume by calibrating and validating with coincident observation data. Correlation analysis results showed that band 2 (green band) and the band ratio of 2/1 (green/blue) were most highly correlated to chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.76 and 0.82, respectively). Multiple regression results identified band 2 and 3 (red), and band ratio of 2/1 and 3/1 (red/blue) as critical information to estimate chlorophyll a concentrations. The regression models accounted for 72 to 83% of the variability in chlorophyll a observations, allowing for estimates of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria levels in the lake. Satellite image processing results successfully showed the temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria in the lake. This information can be used to evaluate the effect of pollution sources and weather conditions, and assist decision making for water management.
Environmental Factors and Seasonal Dynamics of Prorocentrum lima Population in Coastal Waters of the Gulf of Tunis, South Mediterranean
Authors: Aissaoui Awatef , Armi Zina , Akrout Fourat , Ben Hassine Oum Kalthoum 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT: In the frame of a phytoplankton study, a series of samples were collected in the Punic harbors of Carthage (Gulf of Tunis, South Mediterranean) from March 2008 to March 2010. Species composition, seasonal variations of pelagic Prorocentrum populations and several physico‐chemical parameters were specified, as well as the relation between Prorocentrum species dynamics and water temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations. The main detected species are included in the benthic/epiphytic group; P. lima (Ehrenberg) Stein 1878 and P. emarginatum Fukuyo 1981. P. lima was the dominant species. The highest abundance of P. lima (6.97 × 103 Cells L−1) was recorded in August 2008 where temperature and salinity values ranged from 23.1 to 30.2 °C and 36.1 to 40.3 psu, respectively. The dynamics of the P. lima population had significant positive correlations with both temperature and salinity, and negative correlations with both nitrogen/phosphorus ratio and ammonium concentrations. Proliferations of this species represent a serious hazard for public health in Tunis northern coasts.
Environmental Risks Associated with Booster Biocides Leaching from Spent Anti‐Fouling Paint Particles in Coastal Environments
Authors: Hasan Chowdhury K. , Turner Andrew , Readman James , Frickers Trish 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT: Boat maintenance facilities in coastal areas contribute a significant amount of antifouling paint particles (APP) to coastal environments. Very few studies have concentrated on the leaching of booster biocides embedded in old paint particles. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the leaching of Dichlofluanid and Irgarol 1051 from APP collected from Mayflower Marina in southwest England. They were analyzed by GC‐MS. A leaching experiment revealed that a considerable amount of Dichlofluanid (ca. 24 μg/L) leached from 0.4 g/L of APP after the first hour, followed by a marked decline in the amount measured in the water over time, almost degrading after 24 h in seawater, affording less of an environmental threat to non‐target organisms. Conversely, Irgarol 1051 appeared to be persistent and continuously leached from the 0.4 g/L of APP even after 10 days, yielding a concentration of 0.61 μg/L in seawater, potentially posing a significant threat to the aquatic environment through leaching from APP.
PCSK7 Genotype Modifies Effect of a Weight-Loss Diet on 2-Year Changes of Insulin Resistance: The POUNDS LOST Trial
Authors: Huang Tao , Huang Jinyan , Qi Qibin , Li Yanping , Bray George A. , Rood Jennifer , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
A common variant rs236918 in the PCSK7 gene has the strongest association with iron homeostasis and is related to insulin resistance. Dietary carbohydrate (CHO) modulates the genetic effect on insulin resistance. We examined whether 2-year weight-loss diets modify the effect of PCSK7 genetic variants on changes in fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance in a randomized, controlled trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were analyzed in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial, which is a randomized, controlled 2-year weight-loss trial using diets that differed in macronutrient proportions. PCSK7 rs236918 was genotyped in 730 overweight or obese adults (80% whites) in this trial. We assessed the progression in fasting insulin and glucose levels, and insulin resistance by genotypes.

RESULTS
During the 6-month weight-loss phase, the PCSK7 rs236918 G allele was significantly associated with greater decreases in fasting insulin levels in the high–dietary CHO group (P for interaction = 0.04), while the interaction for changes in HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P for interaction = 0.06) did not reach significant levels in white subjects. The G allele was significantly associated with a greater decrease in fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in response to high dietary CHO levels (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). From 6 months to 2 years (weight-regain phase), the interactions became attenuated due to the regaining of weight (P for interactions = 0.08 and 0.06, respectively). In addition, we observed similar and even stronger results in the whole-study samples from the trial.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that PCSK7 genotypes may interact with dietary CHO intake on changes in insulin sensitivity in the white Americans.
Impact of HbA1c, Followed From Onset of Type 1 Diabetes, on the Development of Severe Retinopathy and Nephropathy: The VISS Study (Vascular Diabetic Complications in Southeast Sweden)
Authors: Nordwall Maria , Abrahamsson Mariann , Dhir Meryl , Fredrikson Mats , Ludvigsson Johnny , Arnqvist Hans J. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
HbA1c is strongly related to the development of diabetes complications, but it is still controversial which HbA1c level to strive for in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate HbA1c, followed from diagnosis, as a predictor of severe microvascular complications and to formulate HbA1c target levels for treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A longitudinal observation study followed an unselected population of 451 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1983–1987 before the age of 35 years in a region of Southeast Sweden. Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography and nephropathy data collected from medical records. HbA1c was measured starting from diagnosis and during the whole follow-up period of 20–24 years. Long-term weighted mean HbA1c was then calculated. Complications were analyzed in relation to HbA1c levels.

RESULTS
The incidence of proliferative retinopathy and persistent macroalbuminuria increased sharply and occurred earlier with increasing long-term mean HbA1c. None of the 451 patients developed proliferative retinopathy or persistent macroalbuminuria below long-term weighted mean HbA1c 7.6% (60 mmol/mol); 51% of the patients with long-term mean HbA1c above 9.5% (80 mmol/mol) developed proliferative retinopathy and 23% persistent macroalbuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS
Long-term weighted mean HbA1c, measured from diagnosis, is closely associated with the development of severe complications in type 1 diabetes. Keeping HbA1c below 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) as a treatment target seems to prevent proliferative retinopathy and persistent macroalbuminuria for up to 20 years.
The Metabolic Profile of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Is Associated With Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Dyslipidemia, and Increased Fetal Growth
Authors: Martineau Marcus G. , Raker Christina , Dixon Peter H. , Chambers Jenny , Machirori Mavis , King Nicole M. , Hooks Melissa L. , Manoharan Ramya , Chen Kenneth , Powrie Raymond , Williamson Catherine 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
Quantification of changes in glucose and lipid concentrations in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and uncomplicated pregnancy and study of their influence on fetal growth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective study comparing metabolic outcomes in cholestastic and uncomplicated singleton pregnancies was undertaken at two university hospitals in the U.K. and U.S. from 2011–2014. A total of 26 women with ICP and 27 control pregnancies with no prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus were recruited from outpatient antenatal services and followed until delivery. Alterations in glucose, incretins, cholesterol, and triglycerides were studied using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and/or a standard glucose tolerance test (GTT) in conjunction with GLP-1 and a fasting lipid profile. Fetal growth was quantified using adjusted birth centiles.

RESULTS
Maternal blood glucose concentrations were significantly increased in ICP during ambulatory CGM (P &lt; 0.005) and following a GTT (P &lt; 0.005). ICP is characterized by increased fasting triglycerides (P &lt; 0.005) and reduced HDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.005), similar to changes observed in metabolic syndrome. The offspring of mothers with ICP had significantly larger customized birth weight centiles, adjusted for ethnicity, sex, and gestational age (P &lt; 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
ICP is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and increased fetal growth. These findings may have implications regarding the future health of affected offspring.
New Localities of Rare Liverworts in the Central Poland
Authors: Staniaszek-Kik Monika 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The present study reports new localities of four liverwort species, i.e., Fossombronia foveolata Lindb., Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dumort., Leiomylia anomala (Hook.) J.J. Engel & Braggins and Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort., found in Central Poland. The new sites are situated in peat bog habitats and swamp forest in the depression cone of lignite opencast mine near Bełchatów in Central Poland. All of the reported species are very rare and have only few localities in Central Poland.
Bryophytes of Jizerskohorské Bučiny National Nature Reserve (Jizerské Hory Mts, Czech Republic)
Authors: Plášek Vítězslav 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Bryological research in Jizerskohorské bučiny National Nature Reserve was carried out in 2013. A total of 119 bryophytes were recorded on the studied area. A list of all recorded taxa, their threat status and short comments are given.
A functional regression model for predicting optical depth and estimating attenuation coefficients in sea-ice covers near Resolute Passage, Canada
Authors: Mcdonald Shaun , Koulis Theodoro , Ehn Jens , Campbell Karley , Gosselin Michel , Mundy C.J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe spectral dependence of natural light transmittance on ice algae concentration and snow depth in Arctic sea ice provides the potential to study the changing bottom-ice ecosystem using optical relationships. In this paper, we consider the use of functional data analysis techniques to describe such relationships. Specifically, we created a functional regression model describing spectral optical depth as a function of chlorophyll a concentration, snow depth and ice thickness. Measurements of the aforementioned covariates and surface and transmitted spectral irradiance were collected on landfast first-year sea ice in the High Arctic near Resolute Passage, Canada, during the spring of 2011 and used as model input. The derived model explains 75–84.5% of the variation in the observed spectral optical depth curves. No prior assumptions of snow/sea-ice optical properties are required in the application of this technique, as the model estimates the attenuation coefficients of each covariate using only the measurements mentioned above. The quality and simplicity of the model highlight the potential of functional data analysis to study the Arctic marine ecosystem.
Sea-ice freeboard retrieval using digital photon-counting laser altimetry
Authors: Farrell Sinéad L. , Brunt Kelly M. , Ruth Julia M. , Kuhn John M. , Connor Laurence N. , Walsh Kaitlin M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAirborne and spaceborne altimeters provide measurements of sea-ice elevation, from which sea-ice freeboard and thickness may be derived. Observations of the Arctic ice pack by satellite altimeters indicate a significant decline in ice thickness, and volume, over the last decade. NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is a next-generation laser altimeter designed to continue key sea-ice observations through the end of this decade. An airborne simulator for ICESat-2, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), has been deployed to gather pre-launch data for mission development. We present an analysis of MABEL data gathered over sea ice in the Greenland Sea and assess the capabilities of photon-counting techniques for sea-ice freeboard retrieval. We compare freeboard estimates in the marginal ice zone derived from MABEL photon-counting data with coincident data collected by a conventional airborne laser altimeter. We find that freeboard estimates agree to within 0.03 m in the areas where sea-ice floes were interspersed with wide leads, and to within 0.07 m elsewhere. MABEL data may also be used to infer sea-ice thickness, and when compared with coincident but independent ice thickness estimates, MABEL ice thicknesses agreed to within 0.65 m or better.
Towards an estimation of sub-sea-ice platelet-layer volume with multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sounding
Authors: Hunkeler Priska A. , Hendricks Stefan , Hoppmann Mario , Paul Stephan , Gerdes Rüdiger 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIce-platelet clusters modify the heat and mass balance of sea ice near Antarctic ice shelves and provide a unique habitat for ice-associated organisms. The amount and distribution of these ice crystals below the solid sea ice provide insight into melt rates and circulation regimes in the ice-shelf cavities, which are difficult to observe directly. However, little is known about the circum-Antarctic volume of the sub-sea-ice platelet layer, because observations have mostly been limited to point measurements. In this study, we present a new application of multi-frequency electromagnetic (EM) induction sounding to quantify platelet-layer properties. Combining in situ data with the theoretical response yields a bulk platelet-layer conductivity of 1154 ± 271 mS m–1 and ice-volume fractions of 0.29-0.43. Calibration routines and uncertainties are discussed in detail to facilitate future studies. Our results suggest that multi-frequency EM induction sounding is a promising method to efficiently map platelet-layer volume on a larger scale than has previously been feasible.
Evaluation of Left Atrial Function by Real-time 3-D Echocardiography in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Li Kulin , Wang Ruxing , Dai Min , Lu Juan , Zou Yaohong , Yang Xiangjun 
Published: December 2014

Objective.Left atrial function plays a key role in maintaining an optimal cardiac output. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its effect on left atrial function has been largely overlooked. Our aim was to assess left atrial performance using real-time 3-D echocardiography (RT3DE) technology in patients with SLE.Methods.Our study included 102 patients with SLE without any cardiac symptoms, and 32 healthy controls. According to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI), all subjects were classified into 3 groups: healthy controls, patients with an SDI = 0, and patients with an SDI ≥ 1.Results.Left atrial volume indexed to body surface area was dilated in subjects with SLE, whereas the left atrial passive emptying fraction (EF) was lower. Left atrial active EF was significantly higher in the SDI = 0 group than in controls (46.4 ± 9.1% vs 30.0 ± 10.3%, p < 0.05); however, it was significantly lower in the SDI ≥ 1 group than in the SDI = 0 group (41.2 ± 9.8% vs 46.4 ± 9.1%, p < 0.05). By multivariate linear analysis, the SDI was independently and positively associated with left atrial volume index and inversely associated with left atrial total function.Conclusion.Our study demonstrated that left atrial mechanical function and volume are impaired in SLE, particularly in patients with an SDI ≥ 1 and disease activity. RT3DE may have better diagnostic value than traditional echo indexes in detecting subclinical cardiac dysfunction in patients with SLE.
Prevalence and Significance of Persistently Positive Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Women with Preeclampsia
Authors: Gonzalez-Echavarri Cristina , Villar Irama , Ugarte Amaia , Larrieta Rosa , Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo 
Published: December 2014

Objective.To determine the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and their association with obstetric outcomes in women with preeclampsia.Methods.The study included 150 patients. Clinical variables, risk factors, and severity criteria for preeclampsia and aPL were analyzed.Results.We found aPL in 4% of patients without risk factors for preeclampsia and in no women with risk factors (p = 0.03). Fifty percent of aPL-positive patients had a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction versus 13.9% (p = 0.04). No relation between aPL and severe preeclampsia was found.Conclusion.The prevalence of aPL among women with preeclampsia is low. aPL can predispose women without risk factors to preeclampsia.
Des féminités pieuses et la calcification des normes de genre
Authors: Donnet Claire 
Published: December 2014

Cet article, s’inscrivant dans une perspective butlérienne de performativité de la norme, questionne une modalité à part entière de la puissance d’agir : le processus de consolidation des normes. À travers l’étude d’une communauté pieuse, l’association Excellence, nous verrons que la ‘production de l’espace’ lors des rencontres des membres de l’association est l’une des formes de production de la domination et de l’oppression de genre. Cet espace, dans lequel les exigences sociales de piété sont supérieures à celles qui s’appliquent dans l’espace quotidien, favorise la co-construction de sujets sexués et pieux. Les femmes, bénévoles de l’association, déploient ainsi une puissance d’agir paradoxale qui passe par leur assujettissement actif aux normes de genre et non par leur processus de subversion.