bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of acoustic stimulation techniques on cognitive functions in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease—a scoping review
Authors: Thamizhmani Leelavathi , Ganapathy Kanaka , Palaniswamy Hari Prakash , Patil Divya Sussana , Purdy Suzanne Carolyn 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects cognitive functions and social behaviors, leading to a significant decline in an individual’s quality of life. Auditory processing deficits often precede the clinical symptoms of AD, prompting interest in auditory-based interventions as potential treatments. This scoping review aimed to compile the existing evidence on active and passive auditory-based interventions for individuals with AD and its prodromal stages.

Method and results
This scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley's five-step framework to identify the existing evidence on auditory-based interventions for AD. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase) were used to search for studies on auditory stimulation techniques to treat cognitive decline in AD patients. In total, 14 studies were included in the analysis. Seven studies explored active auditory stimulation techniques, such as the Brain Fitness Program (BrainHQ), aiming to improve cognitive function in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The other seven studies focused on passive auditory stimulation, often combined with other sensory stimuli such as light or tactile inputs. Passive stimulation studies have focused mainly on Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS). The intervention frequency and duration varied across studies, ranging from one session lasting 8 h to a year. Both active and passive auditory stimulation showed potential for enhancing cognitive function in individuals with AD.

Conclusion
The literature suggests that auditory stimulation may positively influence cortical wiring and enhance cognitive abilities. Multimodal interventions that combine auditory stimulation with other sensory or behavioural approaches could yield more substantial effects on global cognition. However, the study design, intervention characteristics and outcome measures varied across studies, underscoring the necessity for standardised reporting. Well-designed studies using standard cognitive assessment protocols are recommended.
Severe hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient with pituitary apoplexy: a case report
Authors: Getahun Binyam Melese , Gebeyehu Medhanet Azene , Getahun Amsalu Molla , Kassie Yoseph Gebremedhin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Hypoglycemia is a common occurrence in diabetic patients. But unlike non diabetic patients, its causes are frequently related to drugs they are receiving to control blood glucose. But this may not always be the case. Here we report a type 2 diabetic patient with severe hypoglycemia owing to acute hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy.

Case presentation
A 45 year old male diabetic patient from Ethiopia taking 2 mg of oral glimepiride daily who presented with change in mentation of 30 minutes and blood glucose recording of 38 mg/dl upon arrival to the emergency room. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed pituitary macroadenoma with hemorrhage suggestive of pituitary apoplexy. Blood work up showed low adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and serum sodium levels. Subsequently transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was done.

Conclusion
The occurrence of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient taking sulphonylurea monotherapy is common. But when it is severe enough to cause altered mentation, patients should be approached differently. In the presence of clinical clues suggesting cortisol deficiency, hypopituitarism can be a possible cause.
Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize microbiota in rumen liquid digesta during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Guo Junfei , Zhang Zhengxiao , Guan Le Luo , Yoon Ilkyu , Plaizier Jan C. , Khafipour Ehsan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows, and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation. This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges. A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition. Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics (SCFPa, 14 g/d Original XPC; SCFPb-1X, 19 g/d NutriTek; SCFPb-2X, 38 g/d NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA). Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5 (SARA1) and week 8 (SARA2) after parturition by replacing 20% DM of the base total mixed ration (TMR) with pellets containing 50% ground barley and 50% ground wheat. Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.

Results
Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota, altered the overall composition (β-diversity), and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways. The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa, number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks. Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics, in particular SCFPb-2X, enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota. The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges. The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria, including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages. Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration, and α- and β-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.

Conclusions
Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows. Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.
1q jumping translocation as a biomarker in myeloid malignancy: frequently mutated genes associated with bad prognosis and low survival
Authors: Halper-Stromberg Eitan , Stinnett Victoria , Morsberger Laura , Pallavajjala Aparna , Levis Mark J. , DeZern Amy E. , Lei Michelle , Phan Brian , Xian Rena R. , Gocke Christopher D. , Tang Guilin , Zou Ying S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract1q jumping translocation (JT) is rare and its molecular profiles in myeloid malignancies are not well-known. This study evaluated gene mutations in 1q-JT cohorts (0.38%) from hematological malignant specimens that underwent genetic analysis at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (n = 11,908) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center. 1q-JT had frequent mutations in eleven genes, most of which are associated with worse prognosis. BCOR mutations significantly co-occurred with others. Patients tended to have mutations in DNA-repair, spliceosome, and epigenetic modification pathways, though genes utilized within each of these pathways were not randomly distributed. Multi-, albeit overlapping, pathway interruptions tended to manifest in mutations of two gene sets. One gene set consisted of SF3B1 (spliceosome) and TET2 (epigenetic modification), while the other consisted of STAG2 (DNA repair), SRSF2, U2AF (spliceosome), ASXL1, KMT2D (epigenetic modification), BCOR, and GATA2 (transcription factors). An “intermediate” JT-like rearrangement may represent an early sign of occurring 1q-JT. Treatments (hypomethylating agents) and unique structures of the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes may contribute to 1q-JT formation in myeloid malignancies. The median overall survival after identification of a JT was 10 months (95% confidence interval, 5–15 months). Our cohort represents the largest number of myeloid malignancies from multi-centers with before and after the 1q-JT event analyzed to date. Overall, this study identified specific molecular profiles that are associated with 1q-JT in myeloid malignancies. 1q-JT could serve as a poor prognosis biomarker in myeloid malignancies, which could be important in making well-informed clinical decisions and treatment strategies.
Research on the historical spatial characteristics and conservation strategies of colonial cities in Asia and Africa: a case study of 21 typical cities
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Liyang , Niu Zhaosong , Qiao Sufang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Colonial cities in Asia and Africa, developed under the dual influence of native and sovereign cultures during the colonial era, exhibit unique urban morphological characteristics and reflect the planning ideologies of diverse cultures. Thus, the morphological study of colonial cities in Asia and Africa is crucial for understanding and identifying the historical and cultural value of these cities, which in turn enables the formulation of precise conservation strategies. In light of this, the study develops an urban morphological analysis methodology comprising "Colonial Background Analysis—Morphological Characteristics Analysis—Driving Factor Extraction" based on the Conzenian Approach, which is used to examine the morphology of 21 typical colonial cities in Asia and Africa across various colonial periods. As a result, "Dual-City" emerges as the core spatial characteristic of colonial cities in Asia and Africa, reflecting the morphological differences in road layouts, urban fabric, and urban cores between native and European zones. Additionally, as native settlement sizes, social structures, and cultural identities differ between cities, three major spatial patterns of the "Dual-City" model can be identified: separated, mediated, and integrated spatial patterns, resulting from the varied planning approaches applied by colonizers. Furthermore, suggestions for the conservation of colonial heritage are proposed based on the driving factors analysis from the morphological study.
An experimental investigation on the damage mechanisms of red glutenite in the Mount Wuyi cultural and natural heritage site subject to acid rain and wet-dry cycles: a macro-to-micro approach
Authors: Dong Qi , Sun Xiang , Sheng Jianlong , Lei Nengzhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The safety of rock landscapes in Mount Wuyi is significantly impacted by acid rain and wet-dry cycles. In this paper, the decay characteristics of the physical–mechanical properties of red glutenite were investigated under acidic wet-dry cycles. A systematic approach, including cold field emission scanning electron microscopy (CFE-SEM), image processing techniques, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), was proposed to investigate the damage mechanism of red glutenite under acidic wet-dry cycles. The results indicate that with increasing solution acidity and wet-dry cycles, dry density (DD), longitudinal wave velocity (LWV), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and elastic modulus (EM) of red glutenite significantly decrease. Under different acidic conditions, DD, LWV, and UCS exhibit exponential decay with wet-dry cycles, while EM exhibits linear decay. A regression fitting was employed to establish a prediction model for UCS, which exhibited a better capability in predicting the correlation between UCS, pH, and the number of wet-dry cycles. Microscopic comprehensive analysis reveals that the interaction between rock dissolution and desiccation is the primary factor leading to changes in the microstructure and mineral composition of red glutenite, culminating in the decay of its physical–mechanical properties. This study holds significant guidance implications for the preservation of cultural and natural heritage in Mount Wuyi.
Maternal hypothyroidism and the risk of preeclampsia: a Danish national and regional study
Authors: Lundgaard Maja Hjelm , Sinding Marianne Munk , Sørensen Anne Nødgaard , Handberg Aase , Andersen Stig , Andersen Stine Linding 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy has been proposed to increase the risk of preeclampsia, but uncertainties persist regarding the underlying causal mechanisms. Thus, it remains unclear if an increased risk of preeclampsia in hypothyroid pregnant women is caused by the lack of thyroid hormones or by the autoimmunity per se.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of two pregnancy cohorts in the Danish population. The nationwide cohort (n = 1,014,775) was register-based and included all singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 1999–2015. The regional cohort (n = 14,573) included the biochemical measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers) among pregnant women in The North Denmark Region from 2011–2015 who had a blood sample drawn in early pregnancy as part of routine prenatal screening for chromosomal anomalies. The associations between diagnosed and biochemically assessed hypothyroidism and a diagnosis of preeclampsia were evaluated using logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)) adjusting for potential confounders, such as maternal age, diabetes, and parity.

Results
In the nationwide cohort, 2.2% of pregnant women with no history of hypothyroidism (reference group (ref.)) were diagnosed with preeclampsia, whereas the prevalence was 3.0% among pregnant women with hypothyroidism (aOR 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2–1.4)) and 4.2% among women with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism in the pregnancy (aOR 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–2.0)). In the regional cohort, 2.3% of women with early pregnancy TSH < 2.5 mIU/L (ref.) were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Among women with TSH ≥ 6 mIU/L, the prevalence was 6.2% (aOR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–5.3)). Considering thyroid autoimmunity, preeclampsia was diagnosed in 2.2% of women positive for TPO-Ab (> 60 U/mL) or Tg-Ab (> 33 U/mL) in early pregnancy (aOR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.6–1.2)).

Conclusions
In two large cohorts of Danish pregnant women, maternal hypothyroidism was consistently associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. Biochemical assessment of maternal thyroid function revealed that the severity of hypothyroidism was important. Furthermore, results did not support an association between thyroid autoimmunity per se and preeclampsia.
Successful thoracoscopic enucleation of a calcifying fibrous tumor of the lower mediastinum in a young woman
Authors: Yokota Ryo , Matsutani Takeshi , Mishima Keisuke , Yamagiwa Ryo , Kubokura Hirotoshi , Motoda Norio , Taniai Nobuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) arising from the pleura is a relatively rare benign lesion in young and middle-aged adults. We report a 31-year-old woman with pleural CFT who underwent successful complete thoracoscopic enucleation.

Case presentation
An asymptomatic woman presented with a mass in the right lower lung field that was incidentally detected on a chest X-ray during a routine medical checkup. Chest computed tomography showed a well-defined mass in the lower mediastinum, with a maximum diameter of approximately 5.5 cm. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed no abnormal findings in the esophagus. An endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a well-defined tumor with no internal blood flow. EUS-fine needle aspiration failed to establish a definitive diagnosis. Therefore, thoracoscopic tumor enucleation was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Based on the histopathological findings of the resected specimen, the presence of a tumor with a high fibrous component in a young woman, and the identification of granulomatous calcifications, a diagnosis of CFT was established.

Conclusions
Complete thoracoscopic tumor enucleation was successfully performed for CFT arising from the pleura in a young adult woman.
Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension; critical overview
Authors: Kwon Younghoon , Tzeng William S , Seo Jiwon , Logan Jeongok Gang , Tadic Marijana , Lin Gen-Min , Martinez-Garcia Miguel Angel , Pengo Martino , Liu Xiaoyue , Cho Yeilim , Drager Luciano F. , Healy William , Hong Geu-Ru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension are two important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Numerous studies have highlighted the interplay between these two conditions. We provide a critical review of the current literature on the role of the OSA as a risk factor for hypertension and its effect on blood pressure (BP). We discuss several key topics: the effect of OSA on nocturnal BP, BP response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, CPAP effect on BP in refractory hypertension, the role of OSA in BP variability (BPV), and maladaptive cardiac remodeling mediated by OSA’s effect on BP. Finally, we discuss the unique aspects of ethnicity and social determinants of health on OSA with a focus on Asian populations and the disparity in BP control and cardiovascular outcomes.
The effect of physical activity intervention on blood pressure in 18 low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Monfared Vahid , Hashemi Mohtaram , Kiani Fatemeh , Javid Reyhane , Yousefi Mahsa , Hasani Mahdis , Jafari Ali , Vakili Mohammad Ali , Hasani Motahareh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In especially, low and middle-income nations (LMICs), where healthcare access may be restricted, high blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, both of which can even lead to death. Altering one's lifestyle, in conjunction with medical therapy, has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering BP. Recent research has shown that physical activity (PA), in a variety of guises and to varying degrees, can be an effective means of lowering BP.

Objective
The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the impact that PA plays in the development of hypertension in LMICs nations.

Methods
An exhaustive search of the available research was carried out in order to locate studies that were pertinent. We searched a number of online databases, such as SCOPUS, Medline, and Web of Science, looking for clinical trials that were published before March of 2023. Studies were only considered for inclusion if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), reported on the association between PA and BP, and were carried out in LMICs countries.

Results
This meta-analysis incorporated a comprehensive collection of 60 studies, encompassing a total of 11,002 people, consisting of 5,630 cases and 5372 controls. The findings indicate that engaging in PA had a notable impact on decreasing systolic blood pressure (SBP), as seen by a weighted mean difference (WMD) of -7.70 mmHg, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from -9.50 to -5.91 (p < 0.001). Additionally, PA was found to have a significant influence on reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as indicated by a WMD of -3.60 mmHg, with a 95% CI ranging from -4.48to -2.73(p < 0.001). The findings from subgroup analysis indicate that the observed results remained statistically significant when considering individuals with baseline SBP of 120 mmHg or lower and DBP of 80 mmHg or lower.

Conclusion
The incorporation of PA can significantly contribute to the mitigation of high BP within LMICs nations. Additional investigation is required to ascertain the most effective form and amount of PA in order to mitigate BP levels within these specific individuals.

Graphical Abstract
Reproducibility of CT-based opportunistic vertebral volumetric bone mineral density measurements from an automated segmentation framework
Authors: Bodden Jannis , Prucker Philipp , Sekuboyina Anjany , El Husseini Malek , Grau Katharina , Rühling Sebastian , Burian Egon , Zimmer Claus , Baum Thomas , Kirschke Jan S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the reproducibility of automated volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measurements from routine thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) assessed with segmentations by a convolutional neural network and automated correction of contrast phases, on diverse scanners, with scanner-specific asynchronous or scanner-agnostic calibrations.

Methods
We obtained 679 observations from 278 CT scans in 121 patients (77 males, 63.6%) studied from 04/2019 to 06/2020. Observations consisted of two vBMD measurements from Δdifferent reconstruction kernels (n = 169), Δcontrast phases (n = 133), scan Δsessions (n = 123), Δscanners (n = 63), or Δall of the aforementioned (n = 20), and observations lacking scanner-specific calibration (n = 171). Precision was assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and root-mean-square coefficient of variation (RMSCV). Cross-measurement agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots; outliers within 95% confidence interval of the limits of agreement were reviewed.

Results
Repeated measurements from Δdifferent reconstruction kernels were highly precise (RMSE 3.0 mg/cm3; RMSCV 1.3%), even for consecutive scans with different Δcontrast phases (RMSCV 2.9%). Measurements from different Δscan sessions or Δscanners showed decreased precision (RMSCV 4.7% and 4.9%, respectively). Plot-review identified 12 outliers from different scan Δsessions, with signs of hydropic decompensation. Observations with Δall differences showed decreased precision compared to those lacking scanner-specific calibration (RMSCV 5.9 and 3.7, respectively).

Conclusion
Automatic vBMD assessment from routine CT is precise across varying setups, when calibrated appropriately. Low precision was found in patients with signs of new or worsening hydropic decompensation, what should be considered an exclusion criterion for both opportunistic and dedicated quantitative CT.

Relevance statement
Automated CT-based vBMD measurements are precise in various scenarios, including cross-session and cross-scanner settings, and may therefore facilitate opportunistic screening for osteoporosis and surveillance of BMD in patients undergoing routine clinical CT scans.

Key Points

Artificial intelligence-based tools facilitate BMD measurements in routine clinical CT datasets.

Automated BMD measurements are highly reproducible in various settings.

Reliable, automated opportunistic osteoporosis diagnostics allow for large-scale application.

Graphical Abstract