bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living the future: a strengths-based example of restructure and culture at Boehringer Ingelheim
Authors: Garcea Nicky , Harrison Rebecca , Linley Alex 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to set out the ways in which pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim embedded a strengths-based approach to the assessment and development of field-based staff during a period of structural and culture change. It provides an overview of how strengths-based methodologies were implemented and embedded through this period. It offers a case study example of how Capp partnered with Boehringer Ingelheim to deliver and cascade its assessment and development solutions. It also provides early evaluation data.

Design/methodology/approach
– Boehringer Ingelheim introduced strengths through recruitment and development. It built on Capp's strengths methodology and Realise2 tool and model. To aid implementation, cross functional teams were also set up to cascade knowledge and skills across the organizational system.

Findings
– The initial findings from this program include quantitative and qualitative data from candidates and assessors demonstrating their positive perception of the assessment and development process.

Practical implications
– This article provides case study material, client learning and tips for how other organizations could introduce strengths-based solutions into similar culture change, team and personal development projects.

Originality/value
– Boehringer Ingelheim is one of the first UK based organizations explicitly to take a strengths-based approach to aid culture change.
Transformative evaluation: organisational learning through participative practice
Authors: Cooper Sue 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This research paper presents an innovative evaluation methodology which was developed as part of a doctoral research study in a voluntary sector youth organisation in England.Design/methodology/approach– The transformative methodology synthesises aspects of appreciative inquiry, participatory evaluation and transformative learning and engages the whole organisation in evaluating impact. Using an interpretive paradigm, data were collected from youth workers via semi-structured interviews prior and post implementation of the transformative evaluation methodology.Findings– Drawing on thematic analysis of the youth workers' experiences, it is argued that the illuminative and transformative nature of the methodology enabled the learning and development functions of evaluation to be realised. Further, it is argued that this form of evaluation not only supports the collection of evidence to demonstrate impact externally, but that the process itself has the potential to enhance practice, improve outcomes “in the moment” and promotes organisational learning.Research limitations/implications– The research findings are limited by the small-scale nature of the project. Further research is needed to investigate the supporting and enabling factors that underpin participatory practices in organisation evaluation; and in particular to investigate the experience of the managers and trustees as these were not the focus of this research.Originality/value– This article makes a significant contribution to knowledge in regard to the design and use of participatory evaluation. It evidences the benefits in relation to generating practice improvements and for practitioners themselves in terms of countering the negatives effects of performativity. Transformative evaluation offers an innovative structure and process through which organisational learning can be realised.
The translocation of organizational practices – knowledge creation in Greenfield Plants
Authors: Lindseth Bygdås Arne 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The literature on knowledge transfer is dominated by a one-way transmission model logic where knowledge is captured and transferred from one source to another, assuming the source and receiver resemble each other and have some common knowledge. The social learning processes, what is learned and the phases and sequences of the developmental processes by which learning take place are more or less black boxed in the literature. This paper investigates the social dynamics of the formation and shaping of organizational practice from scratch in a greenfield organizational setting where no prior organizational practice exist.Design/methodology/approach– The paper builds on a case study approach applied in two greenfield organizational settings. A descriptive process model is developed to analyze the translocation and sociogenesis of organizational practices.Findings– A transfer-approach provides a too simplistic and narrow understanding of the process of “moving” organizational practices. Establishing an organizational practice can be described as a community of knowing “in the making” following various modes of cultural learning characterised by mutual adjustments, joint interactions, and alignment of shared understandings, and as such is more learned than transferred.Practical implications– The process model developed in the paper provides a platform for better understanding, planning and execution of intra-firm knowledge transfer and regeneration.Originality/value– The paper provides an in-depth empirical analysis of organizational practice generation from scratch emphasizing the social dynamics and co-construction of meaning when a collective capability is being acquired and built up.
An inward look using backward economic linkages in a developing country
Authors: J. Semrad Kelly , Bartels Villanueva Jorge 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to explore potential reasons that might explain why locally owned tourism firms cheat the use of backward economic linkages that (when used) might otherwise maximize the economic benefits of the tourism industry for locals.

Design/methodology/approach
– For this exploratory qualitative case study research design, 25 face-to-face interviews were conducted with various tourism business owners and managers in Puntarenas, Costa Rica.

Findings
– The findings indicate that while the participants felt that tourism business' economies of scale could be improved if all locally owned businesses purchased within the tourism supply chain they themselves were purchasing outside of the supply chain. This behavior was characterized as a result of a non-cooperative market.

Research limitations/implications
– The major implication from the study is a trend that emerged from the data that seems to detect a tragedy of the commons scenario that is rooted in game theory. This scenario provides insight into a problem where tourism business owners and managers indicate an understanding of the value of using local network linkages, but instead cheat the system. A limitation of the study is that case studies may only be generalized to theoretical propositions and not to similar contextual situations.

Originality/value
– Mainstream tourism literature has provided quantitative assessments that determine the direct, indirect, induced, and multiplier effects of local links between industries, sectors, and different producers that are used in the tourism supply chain. Findings from these studies indicate that local areas economically benefit when these links are actively used. However, not extensively addressed is identification of why (when most individuals know they may all benefit from the use of said linkages) cheat the system.
Rise and fall of community-based tourism – facilitators, inhibitors and outcomes
Authors: D.A. Tasci Asli , Croes Robertico , Bartels Villanueva Jorge 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The aim of the current study is to use a city case study from Costa Rica to evaluate the Nash equilibrium point and Anna Karenina Principle in relation to community-based tourism (CBT), collaborative destination marketing (CDM) and strategic destination branding (SDB) – all of which require similar facilitators and suffer from similar inhibitors.Design/methodology/approach– The study combines a case study approach with in-depth interviewing of local business stakeholders as the aim is to reveal a specific event in a specific setting.Findings– In-depth interviews with local tourism product and service suppliers provided evidence that numerous deficiencies stem from the lack of collaborative destination marketing and branding in Costa Rica. This undermines the Nash equilibrium, namely successful CBT marketing and branding.Research limitations/implications– The results support the theory that the success (i.e. Nash equilibrium) or the failure situation (i.e. Anna Karenina Principle) in CBT – similar to CDM and SDB – depend on similar critical factors, including a shared vision, all-inclusive stakeholder involvement and participation; and cooperation and collaboration.Practical implications– Results indicated an urgent need for governments, donor organizations, universities and NGOs to partner to collectively develop campaigns and educational and training programs for human and social capital development.Originality/value– This study integrates sustainable tourism, tourism development, poverty alleviation, community-based tourism (CBT), collaborative destination marketing, strategic destination branding (SDB), Nash equilibrium and Anna Karenina Principle to explain the successful application of community-based tourism, which has not been previously reported.
Cultural heritage tourism on Peru's north coast
Authors: M. Underberg-Goode Natalie 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to focus on the impact of cultural heritage tourism in North Coast Peru on local communities and artists, in particular, on efforts to use the burgeoning interest in pre-Inca cultures to involve local communities in the development of tourism. A number of studies have explored the connection between archaeology, cultural heritage, and tourist development in Peru and Latin America. While North Coast Peru is an area rich in pre-Inca cultural heritage, many residents near the impressive archaeological sites are in need of an improved quality of life and more economic development opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with site directors, local development personnel, government officials, and artists as well as observations of relevant tourist-related sites and events, conducted by the author during 2011-2012 in the North Coast cities of Trujillo and Chiclayo.

Findings
– The so-called “new archaeology” plays an important role in the region by using archaeology, in a sense, as a pretext for community development, while exploiting the historical ties between ancient and modern cultures in the area has provided economic development opportunities for local residents. Projects such as those developed in Chotuna, the Pomac Zone, and Túcume provide opportunities for community participation and development at multiple levels. Further, the historical ties posited between ancient and modern local communities in the area have led to successful projects that recuperate artisan techniques and indigenous crops.

Originality/value
– As the North Coast undergoes a larger process of re-imagining its historical past and cultural heritage, a focus is needed on efforts to involve local communities in the development of tourism in ways that empower local people and have the potential to lift them out of poverty. In part, then, this project is intended to connect the growing concern for a more nuanced understanding of the non-Quechua [Inca] indigenous cultural heritage of Peru with cultural heritage preservation and tourism studies.
Validity and sensitivity of the phonics screening check: implications for practice
Authors: Duff Fiona J. , Mengoni Silvana E. , Bailey Alison M. , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundIntroduced in June 2012, the phonics screening check aims to assess whether 6‐year‐old children are meeting an appropriate standard in phonic decoding and to identify children struggling with phonic skills.AimsWe investigated whether the check is a valid measure of phonic skill and is sensitive in identifying children at risk of reading difficulties.SampleWe obtained teacher assessments of phonic skills for 292 six‐year‐old children and additional psychometric data for 160 of these children.MethodsTeacher assessment data were accessed from schools via the local authority; psychometric tests were administered by researchers shortly after the phonics screening check.ResultsThe check was strongly correlated with other literacy skills and was sensitive in identifying at‐risk readers. So too were teacher judgements of phonics.ConclusionsAlthough the check fulfils its aims, we argue that resources might be better focused on training and supporting teachers in their ongoing monitoring of phonics.
Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Taylor CM , Golding J , Emond AM 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo study the associations of prenatal blood lead levels (B‐Pb) with pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of mother–child pairs in the UK.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingAvon area of Bristol, UK.PopulationPregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).MethodsWhole blood samples were collected and analysed by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (n = 4285). Data collected on the infants included anthropometric variables and gestational age at delivery. Linear regression models for continuous outcomes and logistic regression models for categorical outcomes were adjusted for covariates including maternal height, smoking, parity, sex of the baby and gestational age.Main outcome measuresBirthweight, head circumference and crown–heel length, preterm delivery and low birthweight.ResultsThe mean blood lead level (B‐Pb) was 3.67 ± 1.47 μg/dl. B‐Pb ≥ 5 μg/dl significantly increased the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.00 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.35–3.00) but not of having a low birthweight baby (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.86–2.18) in multivariable binary logistic models. Increasing B‐Pb was significantly associated with reductions in birth weight (β −13.23, 95% CI −23.75 to −2.70), head circumference (β −0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.06) and crown–heel length (β −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00) in multivariable linear regression models.ConclusionsThere was evidence for adverse effects of maternal B‐Pb on the incidence of preterm delivery, birthweight, head circumference and crown–heel length, but not on the incidence of low birthweight, in this group of women.
Food‐Based Science Curriculum Increases 4th Graders Multidisciplinary Science Knowledge
Authors: Hovland Jana A. , Carraway‐Stage Virginia G. , Cela Artenida , Collins Caitlin , Díaz Sebastián R. , Collins Angelo , Duffrin Melani W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHealth professionals and policymakers are asking educators to place more emphasis on food and nutrition education. Integrating these topics into science curricula using hand‐on, food‐based activities may strengthen students’ understanding of science concepts. The Food, Math, and Science Teaching Enhancement Resource (FoodMASTER) Initiative is a compilation of programs aimed at using food as a tool to teach mathematics and science. Previous studies have shown that students experiencing the FoodMASTER curriculum were very excited about the activities, became increasingly interested in the subject matter of food, and were able to conduct scientific observations. The purpose of this study was to: (1) assess 4th graders food‐related multidisciplinary science knowledge, and (2) compare gains in food‐related science knowledge after implementation of an integrated, food‐based curriculum. During the 2009–2010 school year, FoodMASTER researchers implemented a hands‐on, food‐based intermediate curriculum in eighteen 4th grade classrooms in Ohio (n = 9) and North Carolina (n = 9). Sixteen classrooms in Ohio (n = 8) and North Carolina (n = 8), following their standard science curricula, served as comparison classrooms. Students completed a researcher‐developed science knowledge exam, consisting of 13 multiple‐choice questions administered pre‐ and post‐test. Only subjects with pre‐ and post‐test scores were entered into the sample (Intervention n = 343; Control n = 237). No significant differences were observed between groups at pre‐test. At post‐test, the intervention group scored (9.95 ± 2.00) significantly higher (p = 0.000) than the control group (8.84 ± 2.37) on a 13‐point scale. These findings suggest the FoodMASTER intermediate curriculum is more effective than a standard science curriculum in increasing students’ multidisciplinary science knowledge related to food.
Mental Illness and Legal Fitness (Competence) to Stand Trial in New York State: Expert Opinion and Criminal Defendants' Psychiatric Symptoms,
Authors: Lee Eugene , Rosner Richard , Harmon Ronnie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFitness to Stand Trial is a critical concept in the adjudication of justice‐involved persons. A retrospective study was conducted to examine criminal defendants' specific psychiatric symptoms and those symptoms' associations with expert opinions on Competence to Stand Trial. One hundred charts were reviewed: 50 Cases (opined as Not Fit) were compared against 50 Controls (opined as Fit) with respect to ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). A significance level of 0.001 was selected a priori. Statistically significant differences were found in seven of the eighteen BPRS symptom constructs (with the highest differences in Conceptual Disorganization and Unusual Thought Content) and two of the four BPRS higher‐order syndrome factors (Thinking Disorder and Hostile‐Suspiciousness). Consistent with previous reports, psychotic symptoms are found in this study to be inversely associated with Fitness. Validity, reliability, and limitations of this study, as well as directions for future research, are discussed herein.
Association of adiponectin polymorphisms with the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis 脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性：一项meta分析
Authors: Cai Yuli , Zeng Tianshu , Chen Lulu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveAdiponectin gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, the results are inconsistent.MethodsElectronic literature databases and reference lists of relevant articles published until December 2013 were searched as part of a systematic review and meta‐analysis to clarify the association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and DN susceptibility in T2DM. Fixed‐ or random‐effects models were used to calculate the effect sizes of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsEleven case control studies were included. Overall, a significant association was observed for rs2241766T/G polymorphisms under the recessive model (GG vs TT+TG: OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.09–2.80; P = 0.02). For rs17300539G/A, a significant association was observed under the GA vs GG model (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.13–2.68; P = 0.01) and A vs G allele model OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.13–2.41; P = 0.009). After stratification by ethnicity, we found that the rs2241766 T/G dominant model (GG+TG vs TT: OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.12–2.07; P = 0.007), heterozygous model (TG vs TT: OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.01–2.27; P = 0.04) and G vs T allele (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.07–2.10; P = 0.02) may be associated with DN risk in the Caucasian population. For rs17300593G/A, the dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.15–2.67; P = 0.009) may be associated with DN risk in the Caucasian population.ConclusionAdiponectin rs2241766T/G and rs17300593G/A rather than rs1501299G/T and rs266729C/G polymorphisms were associated with the risk of DN in T2DM, especially in the Caucasian population.
Postoperative radiation boost does not improve local recurrence rates in extremity soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Alamanda Vignesh K , Song Yanna , Shinohara Eric , Schwartz Herbert S , Holt Ginger E 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe standard of care for extremity soft tissue sarcomas continues to be negative‐margin limb salvage surgery. Radiotherapy is frequently used as an adjunct to decrease local recurrence. No differences in survival have been found between preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy regimens. However, it is uncertain if the use of a postoperative boost in addition to preoperative radiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates.MethodsThis retrospective review evaluated patients who received preoperative radiotherapy (n = 49) and patients who received preoperative radiotherapy with a postoperative boost (n = 45). The primary endpoint analysed was local recurrence, with distant metastasis and death due to sarcoma analysed as secondary endpoints. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and either χ2 or Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables. Multivariable regression analyses were used to take into account potential confounders and identify variables that affected outcomes.ResultsNo differences in the proportion or rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis or death due to sarcoma were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The two groups were similarly matched with respect to demographics such as age, race and sex and tumour characteristics including excision status, tumour site, size, depth, grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, chemotherapy receipt and histological subtype (P > 0.05). The postoperative boost group had a larger proportion of patients with positive microscopic margins (62% vs 10%; P < 0.001).ConclusionNo differences in rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis or death due to sarcoma were found in patients who received both pre‐ and postoperative radiotherapy when compared with those who received only preoperative radiotherapy.
Reference absolute and indexed values for left and right ventricular volume, function and mass from cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Stojanovska Jadranka , Prasitdumrong Hutsaya , Patel Smita , Sundaram Baskaran , Gross Barry H , Yilmaz Zeynep N , Kazerooni Ella A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionLeft ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumetric and functional parameters are important biomarkers for morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure.PurposeTo retrospectively determine reference mean values of LV and RV volume, function and mass normalised by age, gender and body surface area (BSA) from retrospectively electrocardiographically gated 64‐slice cardiac computed tomography (CCT) by using automated analysis software in healthy adults.Materials and MethodsThe study was approved by the institutional review board with a waiver of informed consent. Seventy‐four healthy subjects (49% female, mean age 49.6 ± 11) free of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia with a normal CCT formed the study population. Analyses of LV and RV volume (end‐diastolic, end‐systolic and stroke volumes), function (ejection fraction), LV mass and inter‐rater reproducibility were performed with commercially available analysis software capable of automated contour detection. General linear model analysis was performed to assess statistical significance by age group after adjustment for gender and BSA. Bland–Altman analysis assessed the inter‐rater agreement.ResultsThe reference range for LV and RV volume, function, and LV mass was normalised to age, gender and BSA. Statistically significant differences were noted between genders in both LV mass and RV volume (P‐value < 0.0001). Age, in concert with gender, was associated with significant differences in RV end‐diastolic volume and LV ejection fraction (P‐values 0.027 and 0.03). Bland–Altman analysis showed acceptable limits of agreement (±1.5% for ejection fraction) without systematic error.ConclusionLV and RV volume, function and mass normalised to age, gender and BSA can be reported from CCT datasets, providing additional information important for patient management.