bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streamlines Guided Assisted History Matching Methodology: A New Approach
Authors: Baddourah Majdi A , Alturki Ali A. , Al-Zawawi Ahmed S , Hayder M Ehtesham , Moriwawon Babatunde 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Accomplishing an acceptable history match of a reservoir simulation model with historical field performance data is a challenging task. The resources needed for assisted history matching for giant reservoirs is very demanding. Providing engineers with an optimized workflow is essential for these giant simulation models to accomplish the desired history match objectives in a timely manner. Reservoir engineers typically use one of many available commercial packages, some of them are stochastic in nature. These methodologies require users to define regions to guide the optimizer where to apply the modifiers. It is difficult to define a modifier region that can be used to relate the physics and fluids movements in the reservoir while preserving key geological signatures. All these concerns, if addressed properly can contribute to better understanding of the reservoir dynamics, reduce turnaround time of the project, improve quality of the history match, and optimize resources utilization.
The work presented in this paper proposes a practical workflow to assist reservoir engineers identify important flow communications regions in the reservoir using streamlines properties. Many Producer-Injector pair regions are identified using streamlines, and an efficient strategy is used to select a handful of regions to apply permeability modifiers, for example. This workflow has been validated by history matching one of the giant fields in Saudi Arabia. A commercial history matching package and a customized streamlines tracing tool was used in this study. The results show improvements in the history match quality and reduction of overall history matching time with the current streamlines-guided workflow when compared to the conventional workflows that use the commercial package alone. The paper shows the impact of streamlines map choices on the quality of history match, turnaround time of history matching workflow, number of required simulation runs to complete a study and other relevant measures.
Reservoir Geomechanics: An Important Component to Better Understand Reservoir Behavior
Authors: Varela-Pineda Alfonso , Khan Khaqan , Mutairi Saad M. , Hutheli Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The present work integrates sonic logs, image logs, lab test, leak-off test (LOT), production, and injection data to build the basic geomechanical model in a mature field under peripheral water injection. In the modeling process, in-situ stresses (orientation and magnitude) were obtained and integrated form the available information. Additionally, rock mechanical properties derived from P and S-wave velocities, were calibrated with the static properties derived from lab tests (triaxial test). Statistical analysis of the dynamic rock properties allowed constructing the failure envelopes for reservoir intervals with different strengths using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, giving extra information of the stiffness variation and anisotropy within the same reservoir rock. Moreover, the model was further validated by the stress polygon and the expected faulting regime was constraint, giving an insight of main fractures orientation. A wellbore stability analysis was also done to check on breakouts tendency and best trajectory for new sidetracks and horizontal wells to be drilled.
For this particular field, the effects of many years of depletion without pressure support and the subsequent effect of peripheral water injection are better understood under the geomechanical point of view. Changes in the effective stresses during pore pressure drawdown show a stress path that could easily activate natural fractures and might had created bigger fracture channels favoring flow of reservoir fluids to the wellbore after the power water injection was initiated. By the same talking, water injection seemed to enhance the far field stress stability, but it might create tensile fractures at the injector's vicinity. In other words, knowledge of the in-situ stresses and its effects while depleting or increasing the pore pressure is of vital importance in reservoir management. Stability analysis suggests a formation stiff enough that can be drilled to any direction at any inclination angle; a condition that favors well spacing, but it should be handled with care in avoiding fracture corridors.
The results of this work suggest that good reservoir management may require the geomechanics component to optimize well performance and reservoir development.
A Complex Naturally Fractured Reservoir Case Study: Fracture System Understanding is Key to Development Drilling Success
Authors: Lyngra Stig , Widjaja Danang R. , Al-Shammeri Faleh M. , Al-Otaibi Uthman F. , Barghouty Murad F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The appropriate economic balance between oil production rate, ultimate oil recovery and development cost can be difficult to find for complex naturally fractured reservoirs. This makes development drilling decisions and reservoir management of these reservoirs a very demanding task. Successful life cycle development of a naturally fractured reservoir can only be achieved by fully understanding the role of fractures on fluid flow at different scales, both inside the reservoir and near wellbores. Systematic fracture characterization becomes an essential prerequisite to gain the critical understanding crucial for successful development and economic success.
This publication presents a complex low matrix permeability naturally fractured reservoir case study from a mature giant Middle Eastern oil field. Examples are provided illustrating the impact of fractures of different scales on reservoir fluid flow and well productivity, ranging from large scale fractures, previously often termed fracture corridors or fracture lineaments, to small scale micro fractures.
Systematic efforts have been exerted over the past years to collect fracture characterization data, e.g. pressure transient, image logs and advanced formation tester data, including mini-DST (Drill Stem Test) formation tests. This data set has been complemented by other dynamic data like rate tests, pressure surveys and time lapse production logs, plus seismic and electromagnetic surveys. Based on the presented observations, it is evident that small scale micro features and associated connected fracture networks also play a role. If near wellbore large scale fracture features are not dominant, the small scale fracture networks determine the well drainage areas and become a controlling factor for reservoir well productivity and the overall reservoir recovery mechanism.
As presented in this paper, the reservoir development strategy, including development well type, has been modified as a direct result on the improved understanding of the reservoir fracture system.
Devising and Optimizing Development Strategies for South Fuwaris Field Using Integrated Reservoir Simulation Models
Authors: Al-Aruri Ahmad , Al-Suwailem Majed , Al-Otaibi Saud , Al-Mutairi Saleh , Pederson Kris , Aldajani Saud , Garwan Ahmad 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The South Fuwaris Field is located in the Partitioned Zone (PZ) between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait and is operated jointly by Saudi Arabian Chevron (SAC) and Kuwait Gulf Oil Company (KGOC). South Fuwaris produces light crude (240 API) from two prolific heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs: Ratawi Limestone and Ratawi Oolite. The field has been developed using vertical and horizontal wells with all wells on electric submersible pumps.
Fit-for- purpose static and dynamic models were constructed to validate the Original Oil In Place (OOIP) and to map the distribution of the remaining oil potential in order to devise an optimized development plan for both carbonate reservoirs.
This paper illustrates the steps used to build the dynamic model and adopted workflows to identify new infill and waterflood opportunities including the evaluation of pattern versus peripheral injection and optimize placement and completion strategies of vertical and horizontal wells.
The paper also presents the processes used to narrow the uncertainty range in Original Oil-Water-Contact (OOWC) surfaces, historical dump flooding volumes, aquifer size and flux, and Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) data in order to reach a reasonable and defendable history match with an acceptable range of errors and deliver a reliable forecasting tool. Moreover, the paper demonstrates how the reservoir simulation work was efficiently utilized as a mentoring platform for young professional in reservoir simulation and earth science.
A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges in IGIP Estimation of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs
Authors: Kalam Shams , Khan Rizwan Ahmed , Baig Mirza Talha , Al-Hashim Hasan Salman 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
During the past ten years, unconventional hydrocarbon resources have been receiving more attention, as a source of energy. Among these unconventional resources one is the coal bed methane (CBM). To find out the feasibility of the unconventional reservoir development, reserves is estimated and the economic analysis is carried out. The methods for the estimation of reserves requires the initial gas in place calculations, however, the methods describing the IGIP estimation using conventional method cannot be applied to CBM reservoirs without modifications.
This paper presents critical literature review of CBM material balance that identifies and examines challenges encountered in CBM recovery. The paper addresses the methods for the estimation of IGIP for Coal Bed Methane and included the review of the available techniques using volumetric, simulation and performance method i.e. decline curve and material balance. Also, the possible causes of error in calculation of IGIP and the limitations of each method have been identified. Additionally, the comparison between the material balance method proposed by King et al., Jenson and Smith et al., Seidel et al., Ahmed et al., Firanda et al. is conducted using available data set. The results obtained shows that Firanda et al. is more realistic as compared to other discussed methods, as it considers matrix and cleat shrinkage, moisture expansion, gas expansion, connate water expansion, water expansion, and water influx.
Application Suite for 24/7 Real Time Operation Centers
Authors: Al-Khudiri Musab M. , Al-Sanie Faisal S. , Paracha Sajjad A , Miyajan Ramzi A , Awan Mohammad W , Kashif Muhammad , Ashraf Hamood M 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A suite of applications was developed to help real-time operation centers engineers and geoscientists to monitor drilling operations and improve the effectiveness of the decision making process. These robust applications automate monitoring of drilling and logging operations and provide various advance capabilities for engineers and geoscientists. Considering the recent immense increase in drilling operation in Saudi Arabia, a system with advanced capabilities of data quality control (QC), rescaling, filtering, alerting, and chatting is essentially needed to assist operation centers within Saudi Aramco to meet their targets.
Furthermore, one of main applications that are used by Real-Time Operation Center is RTOC toolbox which consists of the following systems: workflow, critical well scheduling, alert & recommendations, cost avoidance and reporting. Aramcolink System is another major application that is used in real-time operation centers and it visualizes the real-time data stream coming from the rig-site. Aramcolink System consists of several modules that serve different user community and objectives. These modules are: geo-steering, drilling, remote casing control, and unconventional resources.
In this paper, RTOC Tool Box system and Aramcolink system will be discussed in details including their impact on improving real-time operation center internal process automation and improving accuracy of well placement.
The Analysis Of Synchronous Blade Vibration Using Linear Sine Fitting
Authors: Przysowa Radosław 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In Blade Tip Timing several sensors installed circumferentially in the casing are used to record times of arrival (TOA) and observe deflections of blade tips. This paper aims to demonstrate methodology of model-based processing of aliased data. It focuses on the blade vibration excited by the forces synchronous with engine rotation, which are called integral responses. The driven harmonic oscillator with single degree of freedom (SDOF) is used to analyse blade vibration measured by tip-timing sensors during engine deceleration. When integral engine order EO is known, the linear sine fitting techniques can be used to process data from sensors to estimate amplitude, phase and frequency of blade vibration in each rotation. The oscillator model is implemented in MATLAB and used to generate resonance curves and simulate blade responses observed with tip sensors, installed in the axial compressor. Generated TOA data are fitted to the sine function to estimate vibration parameters. The validated procedure is then employed to analyze real test data.
Standard Sine Fitting Algorithms Applied To Blade Tip Timing Data
Authors: Kaźmierczak Krzysztof , Przysowa Radosław 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Blade Tip Timing (BTT) is a non-intrusive method to measure blade vibration in turbomachinery. Time of Arrival (TOA) is recorded when a blade is passing a stationary sensor. The measurement data, in form of undersampled (aliased) tip-deflection signal, are difficult to analyze with standard signal processing methods like digital filters or Fourier Transform. Several indirect methods are applied to process TOA sequences, such as reconstruction of aliased spectrum and Least-Squares Fitting to harmonic oscillator model. We used standard sine fitting algorithms provided by IEEE-STD-1057 to estimate blade vibration parameters. Blade-tip displacement was simulated in time domain using SDOF model, sampled by stationary sensors and then processed by the sinefit.m toolkit. We evaluated several configurations of different sensor placement, noise level and number of data. Results of the linear sine fitting, performed with the frequency known a priori, were compared with the non-linear ones. Some of non-linear iterations were not convergent. The algorithms and testing results are aimed to be used in analysis of asynchronous blade vibration.
A Method For Determination And Standardization Of Performance Parameters For Aircrafts With Electric Drives
Authors: Jakielaszek Zbigniew , Nowakowski Mirosław 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The study outlines the technique for flight tests carried out for a plane powered by an electric drive and the method for standardization of performance parameters applicable to evaluation of test results. Due to the relatively new type of drive, which is an electric motor, the literature references provide no descriptions of such issues. Therefore the solutions presented in the paper are the own contribution of the research team from Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL).
The Model Of One-Type Aircraft Fleet Behaviour While Service And Advantages SHM V. NDT Implementation
Authors: Lewitowicz Jerzy , Kustroń Kamila 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The paper defines the essence of durability characteristics of the designing structure of an airframe in terms of flight safety. Particular attention is drawn to one of the main factors influencing the durability characteristics of the airframe – diagnostics system for the health assessment of the airframe during the process of operation. The effectiveness of the use of integrated solutions to the structure of the airframe providing a continuous assessment of the technical condition is presented. Continuous diagnostics system integrated with the airframe, SHM, is classified as an intelligent solution. This paper presents a model of the behavior of one-type aircraft operating in the air operator’s fleet in terms of susceptibility to failure. Justified assumption in the description of this behavior, in the form of a “bathtub curve”. The analysis is supported by real data of failures. The benefits of using a continuous diagnostics system integrated with the airframe, SHM, is interpreted in relation to the classical approach with the use of non-destructive testing, NDT, for the three phases of the bathtub curve.
Issues Related To Troubleshooting Of Avionic Hydraulic Units
Authors: Jastrzębski Grzegorz , Szczepaniak Paweł , Jóźko Michał 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The paper outlines workflows associated with troubleshooting of avionic hydraulic systems with detailed description of the troubleshooting algorithm and classification of diagnostic signals provided by avionic hydraulic systems and their subassemblies. Attention is paid to measurement sequences for diagnostic signals from hydraulic systems, circuits and units. Detailed description is dedicated to an innovative design of a troubleshooting device intended for direct measurements of internal leaks from avionic hydraulic units. Advantages of the proposed measurement method are summarized with benefits from use of the presented device and compared against the methods that are currently in use. Subsequent phases of the troubleshooting process are described with examples of measurement results that have been acquired from subassemblies of hydraulic systems of SU-22 aircrafts currently in service at Polish Air Forces with consideration given to cases when the permissible threshold of diagnostic signals were exceeded. Finally, all results from investigations are subjected to thorough analysis.
The Applicability of Nanoindentation for the Examination of Microstructured Areas in CP Titanium Samples
Authors: Godard C. , Klingler A. , Junker T. , Kerscher E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Microscale machining processes modifying component surfaces are applied in various fields: from drive technology through plant engineering to medical technology. The impact of the fine structures formed in the material on its behavior and mechanical properties need to be investigated in more detail. Besides the examination of the cyclic and quasi-static behavior of micromachined samples, analysing the near-surface microstructure and the hardness is of great importance. The nanoindentation allows for the determination of local mechanical properties in small analysis volumes. Its applicability to determine the hardness in micromachined near-surface areas including the metallographic preparation for commercially pure titanium is presented in this work.
Conquête de l'eau, mutations paysagères et recompositions sociales en milieu rural : le cas des Monegros (Espagne) (Water management, landscapes alterations and social reorganizations in rural areas : the example of the Monegros (Spain))
Authors: Clarimont Sylvie 
Published: June 2015

Résumen. - Mientras se cuestiona el modelo agrícola productivista, las políticas de ordenación del territorio rural tienden cada vez más a adoptar medidas de protección de algunos paisajes. Sin embargo, estas nuevas medidas no siempre son consensuales. Puede occurir que, a nivel local, aparezcan tensiones. Así es en Monegros, territorio situado en la depresión central de Aragon, en la margen izquierda del Ebro. Antano dedicado al pastoreo extensivo y a la agricultura de secano, el territorio monegrino es hoy dia una zona de regadio. El Estado tuvo un pápel fundamental en la transformation de estas tierras áridas. A lo largo del siglo XX, siguiendo las ideas regeneracionistas del aragonés J. Costa (1845-1911) se ha invertido mucho en los Monegros para « convertir el desierto en vergel ».
Consensual durante muchos anos, la politica de puesta en regadio de los Monegros empieza a ser debatida. Se emprenden medidas de rehabilitación de los paisajes esteparios antes muy despreciados asi como se elaboran proyectos de recuperación del patrimonio hidráulico traditional.
First record of Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) biology in the Neotropical region, with associations between its larvae and fungi
Authors: Oliveira Sarah , Albertoni Fabiano , Borkent Christopher , Amorim Dalton 
Published: June 2015

Members of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) have life cycles that are typically associated with fungus. Their biology is relatively well known in the Palaearctic, though other regions are poorly known, and there are no associations recorded between mycetophilid immatures and fungi in the Neotropical region. Here we report the first association between a mycetophilid—Neoempheria puncticoxa Edwards—and fungi in this region. Immatures of N. puncticoxa were collected on fungi and some were reared in the laboratory until adult emergence. The immature stages and adult of N. puncticoxa are described and re-described respectively, and high resolution images and illustrations of the habitus, wings, thorax, male and female terminalia, immatures, and in situ specimens are given.
We report the first association between Mycetophilidae and fungi in the Neotropical region.
La figure de Karl Barth dans le Destin de la Métaphysique
Authors: de Gelis Olric 
Published: June 2015

Cette étude veut faire honneur au commentaire puissant que G. Siewerth réserve à la théologie de K. Barth dans son ouvrage Das Schicksal der Metaphysik (1959 ; 1987). Tout en se laissant interroger par la question posée par le thomiste sur l’absence d’une ontologie spéculative chez Barth, elle tente de dégager les lignes de forces d’une autre ontologie, implicitement en vigueur dans la Kirchliche Dogmatik barthienne, et met en lumière le rôle fondamental qu’elle semble y jouer. En s’efforçant d’occuper le lieu où se pose la question de l’être, ce travail tâche ainsi de jeter des ponts entre deux factions de la théologie qui semblent de prime abord condamnées à l’incompréhension réciproque.
Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral-Domain OCT in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia
Authors: Kara Ozgur , Altintas Ozgul , Karaman Suleyman , Emre Esra , Caglar Yusuf 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
To compare the subfoveal, parafoveal, and peripapillary choroidal thickness in amblyopic eyes with those of fellow and control eyes.

Methods:
This institutional study involved 114 eyes from 38 patients with unilateral amblyopia and 19 healthy children, aged 6 to 17 years. The cause of amblyopia was identified as hyperopic anisometropia in 17 cases and strabismus in 21 cases. All patients underwent central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness measurement at seven retinal sites with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the CMT and choroidal thickness of amblyopic and fellow eyes with control eyes.

Results:

Average CMT was 248.31 ± 24.18 µm in amblyopic eyes, 249.76 ± 26.08 µm in fellow eyes, and 243.65 ± 31.96 µm in controls (
P
= .604). Average subfoveal choroidal thickness was 394.15 ± 71.03 µm in amblyopic eyes, 356.07 ± 79.93 µm in fellow eyes, and 319.44 ± 87.29 µm in controls (
P
= .000). The choroidal thickness of the subfoveal area and at 750-µm intervals temporal and nasal to the fovea was significantly thicker in amblyopic eyes than in controls (
P
< .05). The choroidal thickness was significantly thicker in amblyopic eyes than in fellow eyes only at 750 µm nasal to the fovea. Type and depth of amblyopia did not differ significantly between foveal or parafoveal choroidal thickness (
P
> .05). There was a significant negative correlation between the nasal peripapillary choroidal thickness and the axial length in the amblyopic eyes (
r
= −0.37,
P
= .022). The choroidal thickness in the peripapillary area was not significantly different in the three groups (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that choroidal thickness can be measured by spectral-domain OCT in children with amblyopia. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker than in control eyes. The amblyopic process may involve the choroid, but not the macula. However, further evaluation is needed.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52(3):159–166.]