bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aeolian dynamics over a coastal foredune, Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Hesp Patrick A. , Walker Ian J. , Chapman Connie , Davidson‐Arnott Robin , Bauer Bernard O. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNear‐surface airflow over a morphologically simple, vegetated, 8 m high foredune with a small wave‐cut scarp was measured for onshore to oblique‐onshore conditions during a low‐moderate (5–6 m s‐1 ) wind event and a high velocity (11–18 m s‐1) sand‐transporting gale event. Flow across the foredune was characterized by significant flow compression and acceleration up and across the foredune during both events. During the gale, a pronounced jet (speed bulge) developed at the foredune crest, which increased in magnitude with increasing wind speed. The vertical (W) velocity component of the 3D flow field was positive (upwards) across the stoss slope under low wind conditions but negative (downwards) during gale wind conditions, with upslope acceleration. During the low velocity event, there was speed‐down within the vegetation canopy, as would be expected for a porous roughness cover. During the strong wind event there was speed‐up in the lower portion of the vegetation canopy, and this was found up the entire stoss slope. Sediment transport during the gale force event was substantial across the beach and foredune despite the moderate vegetation cover and minimum fetch. Aeolian suspension was evident in the lee of the dune crest. The observations presented herein show that strong storm winds are an effective mechanism for translating sediment landwards across a high vegetated foredune, contributing sediment to the stoss slope, crest and leeward slopes of the foredune and backing dunes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined exposure to cyanobacteria and carbaryl results in antagonistic effects on the reproduction of daphnia pulex
Authors: Asselman Jana , Meys Joris , Waegeman Willem , De Baets Bernard , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

In aquatic ecosystems, Daphnia are exposed to a wide variety of natural and chemical stressors that can cause interactive effects resulting in an increased impact on aquatic ecosystems. The authors therefore investigated the interactive effects of harmful cyanobacteria (cyanoHABs) with carbaryl in Daphnia pulex, because cyanobacteria have become an important concern for aquatic ecosystems. Daphnia were exposed for 21 d to 4 selected cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Oscillatoria sp), carbaryl, and all binary combinations of carbaryl and each individual cyanobacterium. Results were analyzed with both the independent action and the concentration addition model. The estimated median effect concentration (EC50) for carbaryl was comparable between the experiments, ranging from 2.28 µg/L to 5.94 µg/L. The EC50 for cyanobacteria ranged from 13.45% of the total diet ratio for Microcystis to 66.69% of the diet ratio for Oscillatoria. In combination with carbaryl, the response of Daphnia to 3 of the 4 cyanobacteria demonstrated antagonistic deviation patterns (p &lt; 0.05). Exposure to combinations of carbaryl and Cylindrospermopsis did not result in statistically significant deviations from both reference models. The results may have important implications for pesticide risk assessment, underlining the impact of interactive effects on aquatic organisms. Based on these results, the authors suggest that both the independent action and the concentration addition model can serve as a protective approach in risk assessment of carbaryl in the presence of cyanobacterial blooms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2153–2158. © 2013 SETAC
Optimized sixth‐order monotonicity‐preserving scheme by nonlinear spectral analysis
Authors: Li Xin‐liang , Leng Yan , He Zhi‐wei 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, sixth‐order monotonicity‐preserving optimized scheme (OMP6) for the numerical solution of conservation laws is developed on the basis of the dispersion and dissipation optimization and monotonicity‐preserving technique. The nonlinear spectral analysis method is developed and is used for the purpose of minimizing the dispersion errors and controlling the dissipation errors. The new scheme (OMP6) is simple in expression and is easy for use in CFD codes. The suitability and accuracy of this new scheme have been tested through a set of one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional tests, including the one‐dimensional Shu–Osher problem, the two‐dimensional double Mach reflection, and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem, and the three‐dimensional direct numerical simulation of decaying compressible isotropic turbulence. All numerical tests show that the new scheme has robust shock capturing capability and high resolution for the small‐scale waves due to fewer numerical dispersion and dissipation errors. Moreover, the new scheme has higher computational efficiency than the well‐used WENO schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Val Fortore State Road 212” – Excavation of tunnels in structurally complex formations / “Staatsstraße 212 Val Fortore” – Tunnelvortrieb in baulich komplexen Formationen
Authors: Cassani Giovanna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe arrival of the ADECO‐RS approach in the field of tunnelling made a substantial contribution to the process of industrialising conventional excavation. In this paper, the author illustrates the main issues addressed in the design for the construction of four different tunnels along the new Val Fortore State Road 212 with special regard to face reinforcement and forepoling. The tunnel excavation mainly passes through the clay‐marl and calcareous‐marl flysches of the Lagonegresi Unit (Flysch Rosso) with a shallow overburden (< 15 m), a geological formation particularly suitable for face reinforcement using fibre glass structural elements. A serious face collapse occurred during excavation of the Cerzone Tunnel in September 2008, causing a crater to open at the surface. Works were suspended and a new design for tunnel advance was drawn up according to the ADECO‐RS approach with a substantial review of face reinforcement dimensioning. The new project enabled excavation to resume without difficulty and with limited deformation.Das Aufkommen der ADECO‐RS‐Methode auf dem Feld des Tunnelvortriebs hat einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Prozess der Industrialisierung des konventionellen Tunnelvortriebs geleistet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Hauptprobleme beim Entwurf und beim Bau von vier Tunneln entlang der neuen Staatsstraße 212 Val Fortore dargestellt, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ortsbruststützung und der Rohrschirmsicherung. Der Tunnelvortrieb verläuft hauptsächlich in den Ton‐Mergeln und Kalkstein‐Mergeln der Flyschzone der Lagonegrese Einheit (Roter Flysch) mit einer niedrigen Überdeckung (< 15 m), eine geologische Formation, die besonders geeignet ist für eine Ortsbruststützung mit glasfaserverstärkten Verankerungselementen. Bei den Vortriebsarbeiten des Tunnels Cerzone kam es im September 2008 zu einem Ortsbrustversagen, bei dem es zu einem Tagebruch mit einem Krater an der Geländeoberfläche kam. Die Arbeiten wurden unterbrochen und ein neuer Entwurf für den Tunnelvortrieb mit der ADECO‐RS‐Methode erstellt, mit einer grundlegenden Überarbeitung der Dimensionierung der Ortsbruststützung. So wurde eine Fortsetzung des Vortriebs ohne Schwierigkeiten und mit begrenzten Verformungen ermöglicht.
Grouting works at the Gotthard Base Tunnel / Injektionsmaßnahmen am Gotthard‐Basistunnel
Authors: Ehrbar Heinz , Wildbolz Adrian , Priller Anton , Seiler Alfred 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn long, deep tunnels, it is not possible to completely investigate the ground conditions along the future alignment in advance. Unexpected ground conditions and fault zones thus have to be accepted as residual risks and overcome by suitable measures. This is also the situation at the Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT), which is 57 km long with overburden depths of up to 2.350 m. The main contracts included items for systematic advance probing from the tunnel and provided a catalogue of suitable additional measures. These measures were intended to detect and overcome unforeseen ground conditions.During the advance of the GBT, grouting measures had to be called on in three cases. In two of these cases, a trapped TBM had to be freed using ground improvement measures (Amsteg West and Faido West). In the south drive of the Sedrun west bore, water inflow into the tunnel had to be reduced to prevent damage to the nearby Nalps dam caused by draining of too much water from the rock mass. The common experience from all three events and the resulting conclusions are described.The AlpTransit Gotthard AG is the client for the new Gotthard rail axis through the Alps, including the Gotthard und Ceneri Base Tunnels. The company is a subsidiary of Swiss Railways SBB founded in 1998 and employs about 180 employees at the head office in Lucerne and the branch offices in Altdorf, Sedrun, Faido and Bellinzona.Bei langen, tiefliegenden Tunnelbauwerken ist es mit wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Mitteln nicht möglich, den Baugrund längs der künftigen Achse vorgängig vollständig zu erkunden. Unerwartete Baugrundverhältnisse und Störzonen müssen deshalb als Restrisiko akzeptiert und mit geeigneten Maßnahmen beherrscht werden. Auch beim 57 km langen Gotthard Basistunnel (GBT) mit Überlagerungshöhen bis zu 2.350 m war diese Ausgangslage anzutreffen. In den Werkverträgen der Hauptlose waren systematische Vorauserkundungen aus den Vortrieben und ein Katalog geeigneter Bauhilfsmaßnahmen vorgesehen. Mit diesen Maßnahmen sollten unvorhergesehene Baugrundverhältnisse erkannt und gemeistert werden.Während des Vortriebs des GBT musste in drei Fällen auf Injektionsmaßnahmen zurückgegriffen werden. In zwei Fällen galt es, eine blockierte TBM mittels gebirgsverbessernden Maßnahmen freizulegen (Amsteg West und Faido West). Im Südvortrieb der Weströhre Sedrun mussten die Wasserzuflüsse zum Tunnel derart reduziert werden, dass eine Beschädigung der nahe gelegenen Bogenstaumauer Nalps, als Folge zu großer Wasserentnahmen aus dem Gebirge, verhindert werden konnte. Die gemeinsamen Erkenntnisse aus allen Ereignissen und die daraus zu ziehenden Schlussfolgerungen werden dargestellt.Die AlpTransit Gotthard AG ist Bauherrin der neuen Eisenbahn‐Alpentransversale Achse Gotthard mit den Basistunneln am Gotthard und Ceneri. 1998 gegründet, beschäftigt die Tochtergesellschaft der SBB am Hauptsitz in Luzern und an den Außenstellen in Altdorf, Sedrun, Faido und Bellinzona rund 180 Mitarbeitende.
Anatomical coupling among distributed cortical regions in youth varies as a function of individual differences in vocabulary abilities
Authors: Lee Nancy Raitano , Raznahan Armin , Wallace Gregory L. , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron , Clasen Liv S. , Lerch Jason P. , Giedd Jay N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPatient lesion and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided convincing evidence that a distributed brain network subserves word knowledge. However, little is known about the structural correlates of this network within the context of typical development and whether anatomical coupling in linguistically relevant regions of cortex varies as a function of vocabulary skill. Here we investigate the association between vocabulary and anatomical coupling in 235 typically developing youth (ages 6–19 years) using structural MRI. The study's primary aim was to evaluate whether higher vocabulary performance was associated with greater vertex‐level cortical thickness covariation in distributed regions of cortex known to be associated with word knowledge. Results indicate that better vocabulary skills are associated with greater anatomical coupling in several linguistically relevant regions of cortex, including the left inferior parietal (temporal‐parietal junction), inferior temporal, middle frontal, and superior frontal gyri and the right inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, in high vocabulary scorers, stronger coupling is found among these regions. Thus, complementing patient and fMRI studies, this is the first investigation to highlight the relevance of anatomical covariance within the cortex to vocabulary skills in typically developing youth, further elucidating the distributed nature of neural systems subserving word knowledge. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1885–1895, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO ANALYSE WATER MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS AT THE RIVER BASIN LEVEL
Authors: Mu Jianxin , Khan Shahbaz , Liu Qunchang , Xu Di , Xu Jingdong , Wang Wenhao 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTQuantitative analysis techniques have gained a great deal of popularity with decision‐makers and analysts in recent years, and this is also the case in the hydrology sector. In this paper, the Basin‐wide Holistic Integrated Water Assessment (BHIWA) model developed by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) was updated by the author to simulate the water balance of the Yellow River Basin in China, as well as to analyse the impacts of land and water use on return flows of this basin under past (1980), present (2000), and future (2030 and 2050) conditions. Stochastic analysis was then carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation method, by randomly selecting sets of values for the probability distributions in the cell values and formulas to quantify the risks in terms of water quantity and quality resulting from return flow. The model amply demonstrates the serious water shortage situation in the future. Developing the strategy of water‐saving measures would greatly enhance the efficiency of irrigation water use, and decrease water withdrawal for irrigation. In addition to this, a possible opportunity to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River also came to light. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration using nerve conduits in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell technology and a basic fibroblast growth factor drug delivery system
Authors: Ikeda Mikinori , Uemura Takuya , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Okada Mitsuhiro , Kazuki Kenichi , Tabata Yasuhiko , Ikada Yoshito , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVarious modifications including addition of Schwann cells or incorporation of growth factors with bioabsorbable nerve conduits have been explored as options for peripheral nerve repair. However, no reports of nerve conduits containing both supportive cells and growth factors have been published as a regenerative therapy for peripheral nerves. In the present study, sciatic nerve gaps in mice were reconstructed in the following groups: nerve conduit alone (control group), nerve conduit coated with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSc)‐derived neurospheres (iPSc group), nerve conduit coated with iPSc‐derived neurospheres and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐incorporated gelatin microspheres (iPSc + bFGF group), and autograft. The fastest functional recovery and the greatest axon regeneration occurred in the autograft group, followed in order by the iPSc + bFGF group, iPSc group, and control group until 12 weeks after reconstruction. Thus, peripheral nerve regeneration using nerve conduits and functional recovery in mice was accelerated by a combination of iPSc‐derived neurospheres and a bFGF drug delivery system. The combination of all three fundamental methodologies, iPSc technology for supportive cells, bioabsorbable nerve conduits for scaffolds, and a bFGF drug delivery system for growth factors, was essential for peripheral nerve regenerative therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1370–1378, 2014.
The use of a polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration of tooth socket facial wall defects and simultaneous immediate dental implant placement in Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Goh Bee Tin , Chanchareonsook Nattharee , Tideman Henk , Teoh Swee Hin , Chow James Kwok Fai , Jansen John A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBone regeneration and aesthetic outcomes may be compromised when immediate implants are placed at extraction sites with dehiscence defects. The aim of this study was to compare, in a monkey model, peri‐implant bone regeneration and implant stability after immediate implant placement into tooth sockets with facial wall defects in two treatment groups. In eight control monkeys, the bony defect was reconstructed with autogenous particulate bone, whereas in 10 test monkeys a polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate (PCL–TCP) scaffold was used. The monkeys were sacrificed after 6 months and the specimens were analyzed by histology and histomorphometry. Better maintenance of facial bone contour was noted in the test group; however, bone regeneration was seen only at areas adjacent to a bony wall of the defect. The mean bone‐to‐implant contact was 27.6 ± 19.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 7.9% (test group). The mean bone area percentage was 11.8 ± 10.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 6.9% (test group). Implant survival was 100% at 6 months for both the groups. It was concluded that although the use of a PCL–TCP scaffold showed better maintenance of the alveolar contour as compared to autogenous particulate bone at 6 months, there was minimal bone regeneration within the defect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1379–1388, 2014.
Heparin functionalized polyaspartamide/polyester scaffold for potential blood vessel regeneration
Authors: Pitarresi Giovanna , Fiorica Calogero , Palumbo Fabio Salvatore , Rigogliuso Salvatrice , Ghersi Giulio , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn interesting issue in tissue engineering is the development of a biodegradable vascular graft able to substitute a blood vessel and to allow its complete regeneration. Here, we report a new scaffold potentially useful as a synthetic vascular graft, produced through the electrospinning of α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl) (2‐aminoethylcarbamate)‐d,l‐aspartamide‐graft‐polylactic acid (PHEA‐EDA‐g‐PLA) in the presence of polycaprolactone (PCL). The scaffold degradation profile has been evaluated as well as the possibility to bind heparin to electrospun fibers, being it a known anticoagulant molecule able to bind growth factors. In vitro cell compatibility has been investigated using human vascular endothelial cells (ECV 304) and the ability of heparinized PHEA‐EDA‐g‐PLA/PCL scaffold to retain basic fibroblast growth factor has been evaluated in comparison with not heparinized sample. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1334–1341, 2014.
Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth
Authors: Xing Rui , Salou Laëtitia , Taxt‐Lamolle Sébastien , Reseland Janne E. , Lyngstadaas Ståle P. , Haugen Håvard J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConnective tissue seal to dental abutment is crucial for peri‐implant health. Several efforts have been made previously to optimize abutment surfaces, but no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal surface architecture and/or composition for soft tissue seal. Here, we report on experiments using cathodic polarization in organic acids to optimize titanium (Ti) surfaces for use as abutments. The three main factors affecting surface topography and chemistry were electrolyte composition, current density, and polarization time. Under identical conditions, oxalic acid created rougher surfaces than tartaric acid and acetic acid, and acetic acid produced more surface hydride. Surface hydride amount was suggested to first increase and then decrease with current density from 1 mA/cm2 to 15 mA/cm2. The complexity of the surface topography and hydride production both increased with polarization time. Proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was positively correlated with surface hydride content, suggesting the positive effect of surface hydride on connective tissue growth around dental abutment. Changes in surface topography and hydrophilicity did not significantly influence HGF growth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1389–1398, 2014.
Comments on Structural Types of Toroidal Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chuang Chern , Fan Yuan‐Chia , Jin Bih‐Yaw 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe clarify the relationships between the eight structural types of toroidal carbon nanotubes (TCNTs), which can be identified as the eight corners of a cube of structural transformation. The four families with Dnh symmetry can be related by rim rotations, and the same is true for those with Dnd symmetries. These two sets are then connected by horizontal shifts, thereby completing the cube. Moreover, we further point out that there are five more highly symmetric Dnh structural types that can be derived from performing the generalized Stone‐Wales transformation on TCNTs with Dnh structural types.
An Efficient Synthesis of 5,6‐Dimethoxy 1‐ and 2‐Naphthols via Teuber Reaction
Authors: Cui Jia‐hua , Li Shao‐shun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBased on the oxidation of 1,5‐naphthalenediol (4) and 6‐bromo‐2‐naphthol (9) via Teuber reaction, an efficient synthesis of 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1‐naphthol (1) and 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthol (2) was achieved with high overall yield (16% for 1 and 25% for 2). The key steps of the synthetic strategy involved the oxidation of naphthols (4 and 9) to the corresponding naphthoquinones (5 and 10) and the conversion of 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde to 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthol formate through Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation‐rearrangement.
SEM studies on immature stages of the drone flies (diptera, syrphidae): Eristalis similis (Fallen, 1817) and Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Pérez‐Bañón Celeste , Hurtado Pilar , García‐Gras Elena , Rojo Santos 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAdult drone flies (Syrphidae: Eristalis spp.) resemble male honeybees in appearance. Their immature stages are commonly known as rat‐tailed maggots due to the presence of a very long anal segment and a telescopic breathing tube. The larvae are associated with decaying organic material in liquid or semi‐liquid media, as in the case of other saprophagous eristalines. Biological and morphological data were obtained from both laboratory cultures and sampling in the field. Drone flies are important pollinators for wild flowers and crops. In fact, mass rearing protocols of Eristalis species are being developed to be used as efficient alternative pollinators. However, deeper knowledge of larval morphology and biology is required to improve artificial rearing. The production quality control of artificial rearing must manage the consistency and reliability of the production output avoiding, for example contamination with similar species. This article presents the first description of the larva and puparium of E. similis, including a comparative morphological study of preimaginal stages of the anthropophilic and ubiquitous European hoverfly species E. tenax. Scanning electron microscopy has been used for the first time to describe larvae and puparia of both species. Moreover, the preimaginal morphology of E. similis has been compared with all known descriptions of the genus Eristalis. The main diagnostic characters of the preimaginal stages of E. similis are the morphology of the anterior spiracles (shape of clear area and arrangement of facets) and pupal spiracles (length, shape, and arrangement of tubercles). Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:853–861, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.