bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of curing temperature and layering pattern on performance studies: a novel hybrid composite
Authors: Bennet Chellam , Rajini Nagarajan , Siva Irulappasamy , Winowlin Jappes Jebas Thangiah , Amico Sandro Campos 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The effect of curing temperature and layering pattern on mechanical and free vibrational properties (natural frequency and damping) of Sansevieria cylindrica/coconut sheath fiber reinforced hybrid unsaturated polyester (USP) composites is discussed. The hybrid composites were compression molded using different layering sequences. Curing was carried out at different temperatures (30°C and 60°C). The results show that Sansevieria cylindrica/USP composites are stronger than the coconut sheath/USP composites. At higher curing temperatures, a significant improvement in strength was observed in all composites and layering pattern also played a vital role in enhancing composite strength, with coconut sheath/Sansevieria cylindrica/Sansevieria cylindrica stack yielding a higher strength compared to the other composites. In addition, curing temperature and layering pattern produced a similar effect on the vibrational characteristics of the composites.
Effiziente Parameterschätzung impedanzbasierter Sensoren durch lokale, lineare Transformation
Authors: Wendler Frank , Büschel Paul , Kanoun Olfa 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird der Ansatz zur Auswertung von spektralen
Datensätzen durch eine lineare Transformation vorgestellt. Ziel dieser
Transformation ist die effiziente Bestimmung eines Eingangsparameters
des Sensors, um einen zuvor definierten Arbeitspunkt, unabhängig von
weiteren im Datensatz repräsentierten Eingangsparametern. Die
Ersparnis an Rechenzeit und Rechenleistung bei vergleichbaren
Ergebnissen – gegenüber der sonst üblichen nichtlinearen Regression
– ist besonders bei rechnenintensiven Modellen und leistungsschwacher
Hardware, wie beispielsweise in Embedded-Anwendungen, vorteilhaft. Die
Parametrierung der linearen Abbildung durch das Ausgangskennlinienfeld
selbst erlaubt die Berechnung der Eingangsparameter ohne explizite
Kenntnis der Modellgleichung. Alle Prozessschritte wie Datenauswahl,
Bestimmung der linearen Koeffizienten und Anwendung der Transformation
werden erläutert und an einem Beispiel für zwei Parameter
demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der Parameterschätzungen werden
anschließend mit verwendeten Eingangsparametersätzen verglichen und
diskutiert.
Verbindung von Stereo-PIV und CFD zur Untersuchung
eines Durchmessersprunges in kleinem
Rohrdurchmesser
Authors: Eichler Thomas , Straka Martin , Fenske Helmut , Rose Jürgen , Lederer Thomas 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Strömungszustand in einer geschlossenen Rohrleitung der
Dimension DN 15 wird nach einer Änderung des Rohrdurchmessers
(Sprung) anhand von Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry
(SPIV)-Messungen und Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
untersucht. Dabei werden deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Strömung
durch die Änderungen des Rohrdurchmessers nachgewiesen. Mittels
der hier gesammelten Erkenntnisse können in Folgeuntersuchungen
Messabweichungen realer Zähler bestimmt werden. SPIV eignet sich
als schnelles und präzises Messverfahren zur zeitlich und räumlich
hochaufgelösten Ermittlung von 3D-Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen in
Rohrleitungen. CFD bietet die Möglichkeit Strömungszustände
abweichend vom Messort zu analysieren.
Fluorine prefers hydrogen bonds over halogen bonds! Insights from crystal structures of some halofluorobenzenes
Authors: Dikundwar Amol G. , Sathishkumar Ranganathan , Guru Row Tayur N. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Crystal structures of a series of isomers of chlorofluorobenzene, bromofluorobenzene and iodofluorobenzene, all of which are liquids under ambient conditions, are determined by a technique of in situ cryocrystallography. These simple dihalo substituted benzenes provide clear insights into subtle interplay of packing interactions preferred by fluorine and heavier halogens for example, C–H···X hydrogen bonds vs. X···X halogen bonds (X=F, Cl, Br, I). The interaction patterns noted here are purely characteristic of halogens, having not been influenced by other stronger interactions. Variability of principal supramolecular synthons among the isomers highlights the importance of molecular shape and relative position of interacting atoms while preserving the basic intermolecular bonds. Mutually exclusive occurrence of homo (I···I) and hetero (I···F) halogen bonds in polymorphs of 4-iodofluorobenzene questions the robustness and reliability of these interactions.
Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Rheology of Oil Well Cement Slurries
Authors: Shahriar A. , Nehdi M. L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study explores the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the rheological properties of oil well cement slurries. Four different mineral admixtures including metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), and class F fly ash (FA) were used as partial replacement for API class G oil well cement. A new generation polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducing admixture was used to improve the fluidity of slurries. A series of flow tests was performed using an advanced shear-stress/shear strain controlled rheometer at three different temperatures, namely 23, 45, and 60°C. Rheological properties of cement slurries were calculated from the resulting flow curves using the Bingham plastic model and the Herschel–Bulkley’s model. Changes in shear stress–shear rate relationships, yield stress, plastic viscosity, and shear thinning/thickening behavior were found to be related to temperature and the type and dosage of supplementary cementitious material. Among the four different mineral admixtures tested, low calcium fly ash was found to achieve most suitable yield stress and plastic viscosity values.
Performance Criteria for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cements by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Stutzman Paul , Heckert Alan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBulk oxide determinations from two pairs of ASTM C150/C150M-12 portland cements are used to calculate precision and accuracy values for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) by both the fused glass bead and the pressed powder sample preparation methods. The first pair of cements are ordinary portland cement (OPC) with 45 participants, while the second pair contains ca. 3 % limestone, with 24 labs participating. Each lab provided results from six replicates analyzed in duplicate, covering fifteen analytes, CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SO3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, ZnO, Cr2O3, and Cl, with the laboratories roughly split between the two different sample preparations. Chemical data using traditional chemical analyses (the Reference Methods per ASTM C150) from the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL) proficiency test program were included for comparison to the XRF results. Precision measures for within- and between-laboratory performance are presented as 1σ and 95 % limits (ASTM d2s). Accuracy criteria are based upon a two-sided 95 % prediction interval for the mean of two separate test results, defining the range of values one might expect for each analyte relative to a certified value of a reference material. Comparing to current C114 limits, based upon classical wet chemical analysis, within-lab precision for CaO is larger, wheras SiO2precision is similar to existing limits. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 precisions are substantially better, whereas for the remaining analytes, the precision is generally similar to ASTM C114 limits. A comparison of the ASTM accuracy criteria shows that CaO accuracy is poorer than the current limit, SO3 is larger, SiO2 and Na2O are similar, while the remaining accuracy limits for XRF are generally better than the ASTM C114 criteria. The powder method shows a positive relative bias for CaO for the cements containing less than 5 % limestone, suggesting a need for more limestone-containing reference materials for powder method calibration for these cements.
Effect of Formwork, Wall Thickness, and Addition of Fly Ash on Concrete Hydration
Authors: Gupta Rishi , Kuder Katie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The use of different forming materials, insulating materials, and stripping times can significantly affect the maturity and hence the strength gain of concrete within forming systems. This information can be vital in determining the stripping time of scaffolding and formwork. In this project, maturity and compression tests were performed on specimens (simulating scaled-down walls) formed using a polyvinyl chloride stay-in-place (SIP) forming system with and without insulation. The findings were then compared to data obtained from walls formed by wood formwork, which is the material typically used in the field. The various parameters studied in this project were wall thickness, type of forming material, insulation, and addition of fly ash. The results indicate that with an increase in wall thickness, the peak temperature and the temperature development index (TDI) increased proportionally. TDI is defined as the area under the temperature-versus-time curve measured from the dormant temperature to the peak temperature. The data show that the proposed TDI was a good indicator of the extent of the hydration reaction, and with further research the relationship between temperature development and strength gain of concrete could be clearly identified. Increases in the peak temperature and TDI were noted in wood forming systems relative to SIP systems and in insulated systems relative to un-insulated systems. The use of fly ash in concrete resulted in a lower temperature peak and TDI and a delay in reaching peak temperature. However, the use of concrete containing fly ash in insulated SIP systems led to a higher TDI than a conventional concrete mix formed in wood forms, indicating better concrete maturity at the same age.
Fracture Toughness Characterization of High-Pressure Pipe Girth Welds Using Single-Edge Notched Tension [SE(T)] Specimens
Authors: Lucon E. , Weeks T. S. , Gianetto J. A. , Tyson W. R. , Park D. Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe safety and reliability of large-diameter pipelines for the transport of fluid hydrocarbons is being improved by the development of high-strength steels, advanced weld technologies, and strain-based design (SBD) methodologies. In SBD, a limit is imposed on the applied strains rather than the applied stresses. For high-pressure pipelines, SBD requires an assured strength overmatch for the weld metal as compared to the base material, in order to avoid strain localization in the weldment during service. Achieving the required level of strength overmatch, as well as acceptable ductility and low-temperature fracture toughness, is a challenge as the pipe strength increases. Published studies show that low constraint geometries such as single-edge tension [SE(T)] or shallow-notched single-edge bend [SE(B)] specimens represent a better match to the constraint conditions of surface-breaking circumferential cracks in large-diameter pipelines during service (Shen, G., Bouchard, R., Gianetto, J. A., and Tyson, W. R., “Fracture Toughness Evaluation of High Strength Steel Pipe,” Proceedings of PVP2008, ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Division Conference, Chicago, IL, July 27–31, ASME, New York, 2008). However, the SE(T) geometry is not included in any of the most widely used elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) test standards. A procedure has been developed for performing and analyzing SE(T) toughness tests using a single-specimen technique that includes formulas for calculating the J-integral and crack-tip opening displacement, as well as for estimating crack size using rotation-corrected elastic unloading compliance. Here, crack-resistance curves and critical toughness values obtained from shallow-crack SE(T) specimens (a0/W ≈ 0.25) are compared to shallow-crack (a0/W ≈ 0.25) SE(B) specimens. We believe that the SE(T) methodology is mature enough to be considered for inclusion in future revisions of EPFM standards such as ASTM E1820 and ISO 12135, although additional work is needed to establish validity limits for SE(T) specimens.
Fatigue Monitoring of Austenitic Steels with Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
Authors: Sorich Andreas , Smaga Marek , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Early detection of fatigue processes in the cyclically loaded metastable austenitic steel AISI 347 was performed by electromagnetic acoustic transducer measurements in total strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests at ambient and elevated temperature. The changes in the physical data were interpreted via microstructural changes observed by scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy, as well as x-ray investigations. The application of physically based measurement data, e.g., time-of-flight from electromagnetically activated ultrasonic signals in austenitic fatigue specimens and total strain, enables measurements of a new hysteresis relationship. In analogy to the common stress–strain hysteresis, this hysteresis gives information about the actual state of fatigue and shows significant changes in shape before specimen failure.
Revised η-Factors andJ-CTOD Relationships for SE(B) Fracture Specimens Including 3D Effects and Implications for Fracture Toughness Measurements
Authors: de Souza Rodolfo F. , Ruggieri Claudio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis work provides revised η-factors derived from CMOD records and J-CTOD relationships applicable to estimate the J-integral and CTOD in SE(B) specimens with varying crack size and specimen configuration. Very detailed non-linear finite element analyses for plane-strain and 3D models provide the evolution of load with increased crack mouth opening displacement, which is required for the estimation procedure. The analysis matrix considers SE(B) specimens with W=2B and W=B configurations with and without side grooves covering a wide range of specimen thickness, including a precracked Charpy (PCVN) specimen. Overall, the present results provide validation of the J and CTOD evaluation procedure currently adopted by ASTM E1820-11, while at the same time giving improved estimation equations for J and CTOD incorporating 3D effects which enter directly into more accurate testing protocols for experimental measurements of fracture toughness values using 3P SE(B) specimens.
Fatigue Crack Growth from Compression Pre-Cracks
Authors: Borz Meghan J. , Chadwick Michael J. , Branin Andrew M. , Riddell William T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The compression pre-crack method can be used to develop near-threshold fatigue crack growth rates much quicker than the ASTM standard load shed method. The compression pre-crack method is faster than the standard method and eliminates load history effects that are of concern when the standard method is used. However, crack growth developed using the compression pre-cracking approach is susceptible to different load history effects. A suite of tests using the compression pre-crack method that were performed on AISI 9310 steel are presented in this paper. An approach for identifying the critical crack growth increments required to develop valid data is presented, and the effects of three potential mechanisms are evaluated. For these tests, the residual stress field resulting from the initial compression field appears to be the more important effect on crack growth behavior. Crack growth increments measured from the notch tip that are 2.5 times larger than the size of the plastic zone resulting from the compression pre-cracking are required in order to develop valid data on the fatigue crack growth rate.
Congruence between Poetry and Music in Schumann's Dichterliebe
Authors: Randel Don Michael 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Poetry and music have in common various ways of structuring sound. In both, one can speak of rhythm, meter, loudness (e.g., accent), and pitch. Beyond sound in the narrow sense, one can also speak of syntax in that both language and Western tonal music create expectations that are satisfied or not in a variety of ways. These material aspects of poetry and music can be the basis for exploring how poetry and music fit together in vocal music in general and in individual works. The study of poetry in these terms came to prominence in the work of Roman Jakobson and others beginning in 1960 and has more recently been taken up by Marjorie Perloff and colleagues. The study of music with words has in general not considered the materiality that they share, especially not in the analysis of individual works. Writers on music have generally placed emphasis on expression of the semantic content of texts instead, privileging texts that can be read in relation to Romantic lyric theory. This has led to the search for word painting of one kind or another that has shaped the understanding of whole periods in the history of music and that is very much with us still, though this semantic domain cannot ultimately be separated from the material aspect of language.
This article analyzes Songs 1, 2, 4, and 6 of Schumann's Dichterliebe in terms of this materiality with a view to showing how closely congruent poetry and music can be in their own terms in individual works without dwelling first on what they might be thought to express. This is to speak not at first about meaning but rather about the means by which meaning is created. Analysis of this kind in no way precludes hermeneutics. It is but one starting point and one that bears directly on the act of listening and perhaps performance.
Britten the Anthologist
Authors: Salfen Kevin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Benjamin Britten was one of several twentieth-century British composers active before the Second World War who wrote “anthology cycles”—that is, cyclic vocal works on poetry anthologies of the composer's own making. This apparently British invention is deeply indebted to the widespread success of the anthology as a literary form in classrooms, homes, and marketplaces of Victorian and Edwardian England. Britten's early attraction to canonical anthologies such as Arthur Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book of English Verse (1900), for example, is representative of a cultural practice of reading. Britten and other British composers renewed their connection to that practice when they became anthologists for their musical works, identifying themselves as arbiters of poetic and musical taste.
Britten's anthology cycle Serenade for tenor, horn, and strings (1943) uses Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book for as many as four of its six texts, many of which share pastoral themes. And yet the composer's musical settings often seem to challenge a conventional reading of the chosen texts and the generic titles Britten assigned to each movement. By creating a canonical, pastoral anthology and then challenging it through music, Britten, who had just returned to England from the United States, invested Serenade with the potential to present the world of prewar England as embattled.
Characterization of Novel Sorghum brown midrib Mutants from an EMS-Mutagenized Population
Authors: Sattler Scott E , Saballos Ana , Xin Zhanguo , Funnell-Harris Deanna L , Vermerris Wilfred , Pedersen Jeffrey F 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Reducing lignin concentration in lignocellulosic biomass can increase forage digestibility for ruminant livestock and saccharification yields of biomass for bioenergy. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and several other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have been shown to reduce lignin concentration. Putative bmr mutants isolated from an EMS-mutagenized population were characterized and classified based on their leaf midrib phenotype and allelism tests with the previously described sorghum bmr mutants bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12. These tests resulted in the identification of additional alleles of bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, and, in addition, six bmr mutants were identified that were not allelic to these previously described loci. Further allelism testing among these six bmr mutants showed that they represented four novel bmr loci. Based on this study, the number of bmr loci uncovered in sorghum has doubled. The impact of these lines on agronomic traits and lignocellulosic composition was assessed in a 2-yr field study. Overall, most of the identified bmr lines showed reduced lignin concentration of their biomass relative to wild-type (WT). Effects of the six new bmr mutants on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials were determined, but the amount of glucose released from the stover was similar to WT in all cases. Like bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, these mutants may affect monolignol biosynthesis and may be useful for bioenergy and forage improvement when stacked together or in combination with the three previously described bmr alleles.
Atomic Scale Imaging and Energy Loss Spectroscopy of Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Nicotra Giuseppe , Ramasse Quentin M. , Scuderi Mario , Longo Paolo , Deretzis Ioannis , La Magna Antonino , Giannazzo Filippo , Spinella Corrado 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAtomic-resolution structural and spectroscopic characterization techniques (scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy) are combined with nanoscale electrical measurements (conductive atomic force microscopy) to study at the atomic scale the properties of graphene grown epitaxially through the controlled graphitisation of Si-face and C-face hexagonal SiC(0001) substrates by high temperature annealing. A scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, carried out at 60KeV of beam energy, below the knock-on threshold for carbon to ensure no damage is imparted to the film by the electron beam, demonstrates that the buffer layer present on the planar SiC(0001) Si-face delaminates from it on the (11-2n) facets of SiC surface steps, In addition, electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals that the delaminated layer has a similar electronic configuration to purely sp2-hybridized graphene. A thin amorphous film is found on the C-face, instead, which strongly suppresses epitaxy with the SiC substrate. Structurally, the amorphous area is inhomgeneous, as its Si-concentration gradually decreases while approaching the first graphene layer, which is purely sp2-hybridized. Based on these features, we discuss differences and similarities between the C-only buffer layer that forms on the Si-face of SiC with respect to the thicker C/Si amorphous film of the C-face.