bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human rights framework, the school and healthier eating among young people: a European perspective
Authors: Mikkelsen Bent Egberg , Engesveen Kaia , Afflerbach Thorsten , Barnekow Vivian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo give an account of provisions in the framework of international human rights and intergovernmental policy agreements in relation to eating at school and discuss how these provisions could be invoked to ensure healthy eating at school.DesignA review of provisions in the international and European human rights frameworks and policy documents was performed in order to identify evidence and examples of provisions implying responsibilities of the school as a public service provider to ensure healthy eating.ResultsThe review of the human rights and policy texts showed that there are a large number of provisions that can be invoked in support of measures at school which can contribute to ensuring healthier eating as well as better education supporting such measures.ConclusionsThe international frameworks of human rights and intergovernmental policy agreements should be invoked and translated into concrete strategies, policies, regulations and accountability mechanisms at national, regional, local and school levels. Ensuring healthy eating should be a top priority among all stakeholders in and around the school environment since it is a good investment in children’s short- and long-term health and educational achievements.
Toward a systematic approach to assessment and care planning in palliative care: A practical review of clinical tools
Authors: Hudson Peter , Collins Anna , Bostanci Adam , Willenberg Lisa , Stephanov Nikola , Phillip Jennifer 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Ensuring a consistent and systematic approach to the delivery of care for people with advanced disease is a priority for palliative care services worldwide. Many clinical tools are available to aid in this process; however, they are often used sporadically, and implementation of a routine set of clinical tools to guide care planning in the specialist palliative care sector in Australia has not been achieved. This study sought to recommend key clinical tools that may assist with the assessment and care planning of specialist palliative care provision for patients and family caregivers admitted to specialist palliative care settings (home, hospital, and hospice).Method:A mixed-methods sequential approach over four phases was employed, involving: (1) a palliative care sector survey, (2) a systematic literature review, (3) an appraisal of identified clinical tools, and (4) a focus group with an expert panel who critiqued and endorsed a final suite of clinical tools recommended for specialist palliative care.Results:Twelve tools with practical relevance were recommended for use across settings of care.Significance of Results:Palliative services should review current practices and seek to implement this recommended suite of tools to enhance assessment and guide care delivery across care settings. Subsequent evaluation should also occur.
1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the vitamin D receptor regulates ΔNp63α levels and keratinocyte proliferation
Authors: Hill N T , Zhang J , Leonard M K , Lee M , Shamma H N , Kadakia M 
Published: June 2015

Abstract1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), a secosteriod that has been explored as an anti-cancer agent, was also shown to promote cell survival. Its receptor, the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), is a direct target of the proto-oncogene ΔNp63α, which is overexpressed in non-melanoma skin cancers. The interconnection between VDR/VD3 signaling and ΔNp63α, led us to examine whether VDR/VD3 signaling promotes keratinocyte proliferation by regulating ΔNp63α levels. Our data demonstrate that VDR regulates ΔNp63α expression at both the transcript and protein level. Interestingly, although low doses of VD3 led to an increase in ΔNp63α protein levels and keratinocyte proliferation, high doses of VD3 failed to increase ΔNp63α protein levels and resulted in reduced proliferation. Increased expression of ΔNp63α by low dose VD3 was shown to be dependent on VDR and critical for the proliferative effects of VD3. VD3-mediated increases in ΔNp63α protein levels occur via activation of both p38 MAPK and Akt kinases. Finally, analysis of samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma and precursors to invasive SCC demonstrated a significant correlation between p63 and VDR levels when compared with healthy normal skin control samples. Delineation of the mechanisms by which VD3 exerts its effect on ΔNp63α and cell proliferation is critical for determining the future of VD3 in cancer therapies.
Polarization-independent actively tunable colour generation on imprinted plasmonic surfaces
Authors: Franklin Daniel , Chen Yuan , Vazquez-Guardado Abraham , Modak Sushrut , Boroumand Javaneh , Xu Daming , Wu Shin-Tson , Chanda Debashis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStructural colour arising from nanostructured metallic surfaces offers many benefits compared to conventional pigmentation based display technologies, such as increased resolution and scalability of their optical response with structure dimensions. However, once these structures are fabricated their optical characteristics remain static, limiting their potential application. Here, by using a specially designed nanostructured plasmonic surface in conjunction with high birefringence liquid crystals, we demonstrate a tunable polarization-independent reflective surface where the colour of the surface is changed as a function of applied voltage. A large range of colour tunability is achieved over previous reports by utilizing an engineered surface which allows full liquid crystal reorientation while maximizing the overlap between plasmonic fields and liquid crystal. In combination with imprinted structures of varying periods, a full range of colours spanning the entire visible spectrum is achieved, paving the way towards dynamic pixels for reflective displays.
Insights into the origin of the nuclear localization signals in conserved ribosomal proteins
Authors: Melnikov Sergey , Ben-Shem Adam , Yusupova Gulnara , Yusupov Marat 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEukaryotic ribosomal proteins, unlike their bacterial homologues, possess nuclear localization signals (NLSs) to enter the cell nucleus during ribosome assembly. Here we provide a comprehensive comparison of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to show that NLSs appear in conserved ribosomal proteins via remodelling of their RNA-binding domains. This finding enabled us to identify previously unknown NLSs in ribosomal proteins from humans, and suggests that, apart from promoting protein transport, NLSs may facilitate folding of ribosomal RNA.
Context influences on TALE–DNA binding revealed by quantitative profiling
Authors: Rogers Julia M. , Barrera Luis A. , Reyon Deepak , Sander Jeffry D. , Kellis Manolis , Keith Joung J , Bulyk Martha L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTranscription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins recognize DNA using a seemingly simple DNA-binding code, which makes them attractive for use in genome engineering technologies that require precise targeting. Although this code is used successfully to design TALEs to target specific sequences, off-target binding has been observed and is difficult to predict. Here we explore TALE–DNA interactions comprehensively by quantitatively assaying the DNA-binding specificities of 21 representative TALEs to ∼5,000–20,000 unique DNA sequences per protein using custom-designed protein-binding microarrays (PBMs). We find that protein context features exert significant influences on binding. Thus, the canonical recognition code does not fully capture the complexity of TALE–DNA binding. We used the PBM data to develop a computational model, Specificity Inference For TAL-Effector Design (SIFTED), to predict the DNA-binding specificity of any TALE. We provide SIFTED as a publicly available web tool that predicts potential genomic off-target sites for improved TALE design.
Dietary ω3 fatty acid exerts anti-allergic effect through the conversion to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the gut
Authors: Kunisawa Jun , Arita Makoto , Hayasaka Takahiro , Harada Takashi , Iwamoto Ryo , Nagasawa Risa , Shikata Shiori , Nagatake Takahiro , Suzuki Hidehiko , Hashimoto Eri , Kurashima Yosuke , Suzuki Yuji , Arai Hiroyuki , Setou Mitsutoshi , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: June 2015

Abstractω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, but the immune-metabolic progression from dietary oil remains to be investigated. Here we identified 17,18-epoxyeicostetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) as an anti-allergic metabolite generated in the gut from dietary ω3 α-linolenic acid (ALA). Biochemical and imaging mass spectrometry analyses revealed increased ALA and its metabolites, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the intestines of mice receiving ALA-rich linseed oil (Lin-mice). In murine food allergy model, the decreased incidence of allergic diarrhea in Lin-mice was due to impairment of mast cell degranulation without affecting allergen-specific serum IgE. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based mediator lipidomics identified 17,18-EpETE as a major ω3 EPA-derived metabolite generated from dietary ALA in the gut and 17,18-EpETE exhibits anti-allergic function when administered in vivo. These findings suggest that metabolizing dietary ω3 PUFAs generates 17,18-EpETE, which is an endogenous anti-allergic metabolite and potentially is a therapeutic target to control intestinal allergies.
Measuring multiple evolution mechanisms of complex networks
Authors: Zhang Qian-Ming , Xu Xiao-Ke , Zhu Yu-Xiao , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNumerous concise models such as preferential attachment have been put forward to reveal the evolution mechanisms of real-world networks, which show that real-world networks are usually jointly driven by a hybrid mechanism of multiplex features instead of a single pure mechanism. To get an accurate simulation for real networks, some researchers proposed a few hybrid models by mixing multiple evolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, how a hybrid mechanism of multiplex features jointly influence the network evolution is not very clear. In this study, we introduce two methods (link prediction and likelihood analysis) to measure multiple evolution mechanisms of complex networks. Through tremendous experiments on artificial networks, which can be controlled to follow multiple mechanisms with different weights, we find the method based on likelihood analysis performs much better and gives very accurate estimations. At last, we apply this method to some real-world networks which are from different domains (including technology networks and social networks) and different countries (e.g., USA and China), to see how popularity and clustering co-evolve. We find most of them are affected by both popularity and clustering, but with quite different weights.
Strategies to improve quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent labelling
Authors: Johnson Sarah J. , Walker F. Rohan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBinary image thresholding is the most commonly used technique to quantitatively examine changes in immunolabelled material. In this article we demonstrate that if implicit assumptions predicating this technique are not met then the resulting analysis and data interpretation can be incorrect. We then propose a transparent approach to image quantification that is straightforward to execute using currently available software and therefore can be readily and cost-effectively implemented.
Origin of White Electroluminescence in Graphene Quantum Dots Embedded Host/Guest Polymer Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kyu Kim Jung , Bae Sukang , Yi Yeonjin , Jin Park Myung , Jin Kim Sang , Myoung NoSoung , Lee Chang-Lyoul , Hee Hong Byung , Hyeok Park Jong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) using quantum dots (QDs) as emissive materials have received much attention as promising components for next-generation displays. Despite their outstanding properties, toxic and hazardous nature of QDs is a serious impediment to their use in future eco-friendly opto-electronic device applications. Owing to the desires to develop new types of nano-material without health and environmental effects but with strong opto-electrical properties similar to QDs, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted great interest as promising luminophores. However, the origin of electroluminescence from GQDs incorporated PLEDs is unclear. Herein, we synthesized graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) using a modified hydrothermal deoxidization method and characterized the PLED performance using GOQDs blended poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) as emissive layer. Simple device structure was used to reveal the origin of EL by excluding the contribution of and contamination from other layers. The energy transfer and interaction between the PVK host and GOQDs guest were investigated using steady-state PL, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experiments revealed that white EL emission from the PLED originated from the hybridized GOQD-PVK complex emission with the contributions from the individual GOQDs and PVK emissions.
Room Temperature, Hybrid Sodium-Based Flow Batteries with Multi-Electron Transfer Redox Reactions
Authors: Shamie Jack S. , Liu Caihong , Shaw Leon L. , Sprenkle Vincent L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new concept of hybrid Na-based flow batteries (HNFBs) with a molten Na alloy anode in conjunction with a flowing catholyte separated by a solid Na-ion exchange membrane for grid-scale energy storage. Such HNFBs can operate at ambient temperature, allow catholytes to have multiple electron transfer redox reactions per active ion, offer wide selection of catholyte chemistries with multiple active ions to couple with the highly negative Na alloy anode and enable the use of both aqueous and non-aqueous catholytes. Further, the molten Na alloy anode permits the decoupled design of power and energy since a large volume of the molten Na alloy can be used with a limited ion-exchange membrane size. In this proof-of-concept study, the feasibility of multi-electron transfer redox reactions per active ion and multiple active ions for catholytes has been demonstrated. The critical barriers to mature this new HNFBs have also been explored.
Heterogeneous distribution of plankton within the mixed layer and its implications for bloom formation in tropical seas
Authors: Calbet Albert , Agersted Mette Dalgaard , Kaartvedt Stein , Møhl Malene , Møller Eva Friis , Enghoff-Poulsen Søren , Paulsen Maria Lund , Solberg Ingrid , Tang Kam W. , Tönnesson Kajsa , Raitsos Dionysios E. , Nielsen Torkel Gissel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntensive sampling at the coastal waters of the central Red Sea during a period of thermal stratification, prior to the main seasonal bloom during winter, showed that vertical patches of prokaryotes and microplankton developed and persisted for several days within the apparently density uniform upper layer. These vertical structures were most likely the result ofin situgrowth and mortality (e.g., grazing) rather than physical or behavioural aggregation. Simulating a mixing event by adding nutrient-rich deep water abruptly triggered dense phytoplankton blooms in the nutrient-poor environment of the upper layer. These findings suggest that vertical structures within the mixed layer provide critical seeding stocks that can rapidly exploit nutrient influx during mixing, leading to winter bloom formation.
Y-junction carbon nanocoils: synthesis by chemical vapor deposition and formation mechanism
Authors: Ding Er-Xiong , Wang Jing , Geng Hong-Zhang , Wang Wen-Yi , Wang Yan , Zhang Ze-Chen , Luo Zhi-Jia , Yang Hai-Jie , Zou Cheng-Xiong , Kang Jianli , Pan Lujun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractY-junction carbon nanocoils (Y-CNCs) were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition using Ni catalyst prepared by spray-coating method. According to the emerging morphologies of Y-CNCs, several growth models were advanced to elucidate their formation mechanisms. Regarding the Y-CNCs without metal catalyst in the Y-junctions, fusing of contiguous CNCs and a tip-growth mechanism are considered to be responsible for their formation. However, as for the Y-CNCs with catalyst presence in the Y-junctions, the formation can be ascribed to nanoscale soldering/welding and bottom-growth mechanism. It is found that increasing spray-coating time for catalyst preparation generates agglomerated larger nanoparticles strongly adhering to the substrate, resulting in bottom-growth of CNCs and appearance of the metal catalyst in the Y-junctions. In the contrary case, CNCs catalyzed by isolated smaller nanoparticles develop Y-junctions with an absence of metal catalyst by virtue of weaker adhesion of catalyst with the substrate and tip-growth of CNCs.
Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Successive Projective Measurements of a Qubit in Terms of Tsallis' Entropies
Authors: Rastegin Alexey E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We study uncertainty and certainty relations for two successive measurements of two-dimensional observables. Uncertainties in successive measurement are considered within the following two scenarios. In the first scenario, the second measurement is performed on the quantum state generated after the first measurement with completely erased information. In the second scenario, the second measurement is performed on the post-first-measurement state conditioned on the actual measurement outcome. Induced quantum uncertainties are characterized by means of the Tsallis entropies. For two successive projective measurement of a qubit, we obtain minimal and maximal values of related entropic measures of induced uncertainties. Some conclusions found in the second scenario are extended to arbitrary finite dimensionality. In particular, a connection with mutual unbiasedness is emphasized.
Quantization of Space in the Presence of a Minimal Length*
Authors: Wang Lun-Zhou , Long Chao-Yun , Long Zheng-Wen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this article, we apply the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which is consistent with quantum gravity theories to an elementary particle in a finite potential well, and study the quantum behavior in this system. The generalized Hamiltonian contains two additional terms, which are proportional to ap3 (the result of the maximum momentum assumption) and α2p4 (the result of the minimum length assumption), where α ∼ 1/MPIc is the GUP parameter. On the basis of the work by Ali et al., we solve the generalized Schrödinger equation which is extended to include the α2 correction term, and find that the length L of the finite potential well must be quantized. Then a generalization to the double-square-well potential is discussed. The result shows that all the measurable lengths especially the distance between the two potential wells are quantized in units of α0lPI in GUP scenario.
Asymmetric Evolution of Two Two-Level Atoms Induced by Position-Dependent Excitation Phase*
Authors: Zhou Chun-Xiao , Zhang Rui , Su Xue-Mei 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We report a phenomenon of asymmetric evolution of two two-level atoms which results from pump laser phase based on the model of [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 153601]. Other than investigating the dynamical behavior of whole system, in this paper we investigate the effects of the pump laser phase on dynamic behavior of each atom. We find that two atoms show asymmetry both in time evolution of (population) excitation probability and quantum correlation with environment due to the quantum interference induced by pump laser phase as well as the dipole-dipole interaction. These phenomena are deeply related to the dynamical behavior of the whole system, therefore we can understand the dynamical behavior of whole system caused by pump laser phase from this point of view.
Reviving old antibiotics
Authors: Theuretzbacher Ursula , Van Bambeke Françoise , Cantón Rafael , Giske Christian G. , Mouton Johan W. , Nation Roger L. , Paul Mical , Turnidge John D. , Kahlmeter Gunnar 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance and the paucity of new antimicrobial agents it has become clear that new antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed. One of these is to revisit old antibiotics to ensure that they are used correctly and to their full potential, as well as to determine whether one or several of them can help alleviate the pressure on more recent agents. Strategies are urgently needed to ‘re-develop’ these drugs using modern standards, integrating new knowledge into regulatory frameworks and communicating the knowledge from the research bench to the bedside. Without a systematic approach to re-developing these old drugs and rigorously testing them according to today's standards, there is a significant risk of doing harm to patients and further increasing multidrug resistance. This paper describes factors to be considered and outlines steps and actions needed to re-develop old antibiotics so that they can be used effectively for the treatment of infections.
Expert guided natural language processing using one-class classification
Authors: Joffe Erel , Pettigrew Emily J , Herskovic Jorge R , Bearden Charles F , Bernstam Elmer V 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroduction Automatically identifying specific phenotypes in free-text clinical notes is critically important for the reuse of clinical data. In this study, the authors combine expert-guided feature (text) selection with one-class classification for text processing.Objectives To compare the performance of one-class classification to traditional binary classification; to evaluate the utility of feature selection based on expert-selected salient text (snippets); and to determine the robustness of these models with respects to irrelevant surrounding text.Methods The authors trained one-class support vector machines (1C-SVMs) and two-class SVMs (2C-SVMs) to identify notes discussing breast cancer. Manually annotated visit summary notes (88 positive and 88 negative for breast cancer) were used to compare the performance of models trained on whole notes labeled as positive or negative to models trained on expert-selected text sections (snippets) relevant to breast cancer status. Model performance was evaluated using a 70:30 split for 20 iterations and on a realistic dataset of 10 000 records with a breast cancer prevalence of 1.4%.Results When tested on a balanced experimental dataset, 1C-SVMs trained on snippets had comparable results to 2C-SVMs trained on whole notes (F = 0.92 for both approaches). When evaluated on a realistic imbalanced dataset, 1C-SVMs had a considerably superior performance (F = 0.61 vs. F = 0.17 for the best performing model) attributable mainly to improved precision (p = .88 vs. p = .09 for the best performing model).Conclusions 1C-SVMs trained on expert-selected relevant text sections perform better than 2C-SVMs classifiers trained on either snippets or whole notes when applied to realistically imbalanced data with low prevalence of the positive class.