bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective or potentially harmful? Altering drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration
Authors: Eger William H. , Plesons Marina , Bartholomew Tyler S. , Bazzi Angela R. , Hauschild Maia H. , McElrath Corbin C. , Owens Cyrus , Forrest David W. , Tookes Hansel E. , Crable Erika L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Xylazine is an increasingly common adulterant in the North American unregulated drug supply that is associated with adverse health outcomes (e.g., skin infections, overdose). However, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding how xylazine was initially identified and how syringe services program (SSP) staff and clients (people who use drugs) responded to its emergence.
Methods
From June–July 2023, we conducted qualitative interviews with medical (e.g., clinicians) and frontline SSP staff (e.g., outreach workers) and adult clients with a history of injection drug use at a Miami-based SSP. Inductive memos identified emergent codes; thematic analysis involving team consensus established final themes.
Results
From interviews with SSP staff (n = 8) and clients (n = 17), xylazine emergence was identified at different times, in various ways. Initially, during summer 2022, clients identified a “tranquilizer-like substance” that worsened sedation and withdrawal and caused wounds. SSP medical staff later identified this adulterant as xylazine by treating new medical cases and through diverse information-sharing networks that included professional societies and news sources; however, frontline SSP staff and clients needed additional educational resources about xylazine and its side effects. With limited guidance on how to reduce harm from xylazine, SSP clients altered their drug consumption routes, reduced drug use, and relied on peers’ experiences with the drug supply to protect themselves. Some individuals also reported preferring xylazine-adulterated opioids and increasing their drug use, including the use of stimulants to avoid over sedation.
Conclusions
Xylazine’s emergence characterizes the current era of unprecedented shifts in the unregulated drug supply. We found that xylazine spurred important behavioral changes among people who use drugs (e.g., transitioning from injecting to smoking). Incorporating these experiences into early drug warning surveillance systems and scaling up drug-checking services and safer smoking supply distribution could help mitigate significant health harms caused by xylazine and other emergent adulterants.
Daytime-restricted feeding reshapes the gut microbiota to achieve intestinal radioprotection through creatine-mediated ferroptosis inhibition
Authors: Wang Cheng , He Yingjuan , Zhao Gaomei , Ouyang Xue , Wang Shaobo , Chen Yin , Li Chenwenya , Jiang Yiyi , Xiong Tainong , He Yongwu , Gao Jining , Han Songling , Zhao Jinghong , Wang Junping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury (IRIII), a catastrophic disease that occurs after tumor radiotherapy or accidental nuclear radiation, is lack of sufficient medical countermeasures currently. The gut microbial composition affects the intestinal radiosensitivity, and regulation of the gut microbiota through dietary adjustments is a potential solution for mitigating IRIII. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging behavioral nutrition intervention with pleiotropic health benefits. Whether this dietary pattern influences the pathogenesis of IRIII remains vague. We evaluated the impact of TRF on intestinal radiosensitivity in this study and discovered that only daytime TRF (DTRF), not nighttime TRF, could ameliorate intestinal damage in mice that received a high dose of IR. Faecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies revealed that the intestinal creatine level was increased by approximate 9 times by DTRF, to which the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum enrichment contribute. Further investigations showed that creatine enable to activate the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase in irradiated enterocytes and induce phosphorylation of the downstream effector acetyl-CoA carboxylase, resulting in reduced production of unsaturated fatty acidsand reduced ferroptosis after IR. The administration of creatine mitigated IRIII and reduced bacteraemia and proinflammatory responses. Blockade of creatine import compromised the ferroptosis inhibition and mitigation of DTRF on IRIII. Our study demonstrates a radioprotective dietary mode functioning by reshaping the gut microbiota to suppress IR-induced ferroptosis, thereby providing effective countermeasures for IRIII prevention.
Factors Influencing the Intention of Doctors to Emigrate: A Cross-sectional Study of Ghanaian Doctors
Authors: Wutor Baleng Mahama , Sarfo Francisca Nyarko , Nkrumah Louisa Afia , Bakuoru Luki Daniel , Amanze Chinenye N. , Osei Isaac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The migration of healthcare professionals from developing countries to more developed nations poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the proportion of doctors in Ghana who intend to migrate abroad and to identify the sociodemographic and "pull and push" factors that influence their intention.
Methodology
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among doctors in Ghana between March 1, 2024, and March 15, 2024, via an online-based semi-structured questionnaire. Doctors working in Ghana, regardless of nationality, were included. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the intention to emigrate. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of < 0.05.
Results
Almost all the doctors who responded to the questionnaire consented to participate (99.4%, 641/645). More than half (53.8%, n=345) of the respondents were medical officers. Most respondents intended to migrate to practice abroad (71.8%, n=460). The United States (59.7%), the United Kingdom (39.1%), and Canada (34.8%) were the most preferred destinations. After adjusting for covariates, male doctors [(Adjusted Odd Ratios) AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02-2.35], doctors who had been practising for 6-10 years (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.02-5.19), and doctors in lower professional ranks (House officers AOR = 10.10, 95% CI = 1.89-54.01) had significantly higher odds of intending to migrate. In descending order of magnitude, the respondents strongly agreed that better remuneration (1.22 ± 0.63), better quality of life (1.22 ± 0.67), better working conditions (1.26 ± 0.69), and better postgraduate training (1.41 ± 0.80) were pull factors. The push factors were economic challenges (1.17 ± 0.49), a lack of a conducive working environment (1.56 ± 0.86), slow career progression (1.95 ± 1.07), excessive workload (2.07 ± 0.12), personal circumstances (2.26 ± 1.19), and poor postgraduate training (2.48 ± 1.22).
Conclusion
A substantial proportion of doctors in Ghana are considering emigration, driven by a combination of attractive opportunities abroad and challenging conditions in Ghana. Addressing these issues through improved remuneration, better working environments, and enhanced career development and training opportunities is crucial to retaining healthcare professionals.
Co-selection of low cadmium accumulation and high yield during tomato breeding
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Xingyu , Qing Mei , Xu Haobo , Tao Jinbao , Li Fangman , Ge Pingfei , Yang Yang , Wang Wenqian , Grierson Donald , Ye Zhibiao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Enhancing crop production and yield is necessary to feed an increasing population but cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops poses a serious threat to human health. We found that there has been a trend during domestication for co-selection of improved tomato yield and reduced Cd accumulation. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 506 tomato accessions identified a natural allele, SlF3’HAA, which confers low Cd accumulation in the shoots of tomato. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed a tight linkage between
SlF3’HAA and a fruit weight gene fw3.2. Evolution analysis showed that fw3.2 and SlF3’H experienced similar selection pressure. These findings indicate that the widespread presence of low Cd accumulating types in cultivated tomato is due to genetic hitchhiking and co-selection of SlF3’H with fw3.2 during yield breeding.
Molecular Borromean links based on metallocages
Authors: Jin Guo-Xin , Zhang Hai-Ning 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Borromean link, which is characterized by structural integrity and aesthetic beauty, represents one of the most intriguing entanglements. However, the vast majority of Borromean links consist of three identical macrocycles, and there are very few examples of links constructed from dimeric cages. Here, facilitated by multiple aromatic stacking interactions between components, we demonstrate that two molecular cage-based Borromean links containing more than 1100 nonhydrogen atoms, especially 24 rhodium(III)/iridium(III) and six sodium(I) ions, can be constructed in high yield through the strategic selection of a tetrapyridyl ligand based on dibenzo-18-crown-6 and two binuclear building units, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS), and elemental analysis.
Leveraging Single Tasks for Better Generalization of Multitask Gaussian Process on Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Sun Zhongkui , Chen Kai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

By leveraging the knowledge of separate single tasks, we propose a simple and principled algorithm for multitask Gaussian process (GP), known as stochastic hyperparameter averaging (SHA), to obtain better generalization. Specifically, we focus on multivariate time series learning to improve the generalization of extrapolation and interpolation. The knowledge of a single task is extracted by a GP separately trained on one task-specific dimension of a multivariate time series. The single task GP (STGP) has the same kernel with the latent functions in multitask GP. By averaging hyperparameters of separate STGPs to initialize the latent functions of multitask GP,SHA identifies solutions that are significantly better than those found by popular training methods, but with only a few training steps of STGPs. SHA is kernel agnostic, remarkably straightforward to implement, and enhances generalization performance. Our SHA attains a significant boost in test accuracy across various diverse multivariate time series tasks, including interpolation, extrapolation, robustness with varying model complexities, and insensitivity to different hyperparameter initializations.
Global metagenomic survey identifies sewage-derived hgcAB+ microorganisms as key contributors to riverine methylmercury production
Authors: Jiang Feng , Xia JunTao , Yuan ZhiGuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic systems poses a serious threat to public health through the aquatic food web. In recent years, MeHg has been observed to increase to concerning levels globally in rivers near cities; however, the causes of this elevation are not well understood. Here, we reveal the significant impact of sewage contamination by analyzing over 1,300 publicly available metagenomes in urban rivers worldwide, and conducting experiments with water samples across China. We find that sewage contamination significantly increases the abundance of mercury (Hg)-methylating microorganisms in urban rivers globally. This increase is mainly attributed to the high abundance of active Hg-methylating microorganisms in sewage, which migrate to rivers through either direct discharge or combined sewer overflows (CSOs), thereby affecting riverine MeHg production. Our findings suggest that effectively eliminating Hg-methylating microorganisms from sewage is crucial for mitigating public health risks associated with MeHg in urban rivers.
Advancing Rainfall Prediction in Sindh Province, Pakistan: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Memon Bilawal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rainfall represents a formidable threat to both lives and livelihoods, particularly in regions predisposed to inundation, such as Province Sindh, Pakistan. In response to this pressing challenge, this paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of machine learning techniques aimed at revolutionizing rainfall prediction in Sindh. Our overarching goal is to inaugurate an era of precision forecasting by harnessing the rich reservoir of historical rainfall data in conjunction with meteorological and geographical insights. Through rigorous analysis, we endeavor to craft predictive models endowed with unparalleled accuracy, affording communities the vital foresight, resilience, and proactive capacity necessary for mitigating the toll of disasters. Our methodology is based on a detailed analysis of several machine learning techniques, such as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks. This paper has a set of testing that work popular machine learning techniques to form simulations the predict, created on climate information for that precise day, whether or not it will rain in major cities in Pakistan's Province of Sindh tomorrow. Three areas are the focus of this comparison study: pre-processing approaches, modeling methodologies, and modeling inputs. By comparing several evaluation measures, the results show how reliable these machine learning approaches are at predicting rainfall based on weather data analysis. Sindh comprises Badin, Hyderabad, Jhudo, Golarchi, Talhar, Matli, Tando Ghulam Ali, and Tando Bago. Our research aims to offer detailed information specific to each location's distinctive features.
Conceituação e aplicação do conceito de equidade por professores do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Vivian Marinho da , Lautert Sintria Labres , Utsumi Miriam 
Published: August 2024

O estudo investiga como 27 professores do Ensino Fundamental conceituam equidade, igualdade social e justiça social, e como eles aplicam a noção de equidade diante de uma situação fictícia que mobiliza conhecimentos estatísticos. Os professores preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico online e um instrumento com questões sobre equidade, igualdade social e justiça social, além de responderem a questões sobre conceitos estatísticos envolvendo média, mediana e moda. Os resultados revelam três tipos de respostas para a definição dos conceitos: respostas amplas que não explicitam a compreensão, respostas que tangenciam os conceitos buscando contextualizá-los com desafios e problemas; e as respostas que procuram conceituá-los de forma específica e individual. Em relação à equidade, os professores chamam atenção para oferecer diferentes oportunidades, apoiar aqueles que necessitam, respeitar os ritmos de aprendizagem, elementos que fazem parte dos princípios de equidade. Entretanto, outros termos emergem como ser justo que não se refere a equidade, mas sim a igualdade. Na situação fictícia, as decisões foram pautadas no conceito de justiça, de modo que cada professor agiu segundo o que julgou ser mais justo. Resultados apontam dificuldades em evidenciar as diferenças entre os conceitos, o que reforça a necessidade de ampliar as discussões sobre equidade no contexto escolar.
Palavras-chave: Equidade; Ensino Matemática; Justiça Social; Conceitos Estatísticos.
O Pibid como um espaço de formação do desenvolvimento profissional docente no ensino de Estatística
Authors: Evangelista Hávila Said Silva , Nunes Célia Barros , Santos Junior Clovis Lisbôa dos 
Published: August 2024

Este texto pretende apresentar um relato de experiência acerca de como sucedeu o processo da formação inicial de futuros professores de Matemática, atuantes como bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência, ao decorrer do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), a partir do ensino de Estatística nas turmas dos 3° anos do Ensino Médio com base na aplicação do Ciclo Investigativo PPDAC (Problema, Planejamento, Dados, Análise e Conclusão), buscando associar reflexões entre a relação universidade-escola-licenciando e na incorporação de saberes necessários ao futuro docente de Matemática. Além disso, a fundamentação teórica teve como bases orientadoras o PIBID como um programa mediador do processo da formação docente, o Ciclo Investigativo PPDAC, o Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente e o Ensino de Estatística. Como resultado deste estudo, podemos deduzir que o processo da formação inicial desses futuros professores por meio do PIBID possibilitou-lhes vivenciarem práticas em sala de aula que contribuíram para o seu desenvolvimento profissional, bem como para o processo de construção de suas identidades profissionais devido ao contato direto dos bolsistas no âmbito escolar da instituição parceira, além de fortalecer a análise crítica e reflexiva, no que se refere às intervenções em sala de aula e as aplicações das práticas pedagógicas.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Profissional; Ciclo Investigativo PPDAC; Ensino de estatística; Formação inicial de professores.
Application of wavelet-based multivariate long short-term memory models in prediction of stage for Teesta River, India
Authors: Chakraborty Swarnadeepa , Biswas Sujata 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

River stage prediction is indispensably a challenging task in flood-prone river basins to disseminate accurate early warning in advance. In this study, multivariate wavelet-based long short-term memory (WLSTM) models have been developed to predict river stage at six gauging stations of the Teesta River basin in India for 1, 3, and 5-day lead time, the comparison of which has been done with long short-term memory (LSTM) models. Various combinations of wavelet decomposed components were utilized to form different sub-series that were fed as input in WLSTM models. In terms of statistical indicators, both the models yielded exceptionally good results, but the root-mean-square error values of the WLSTM model for 1- and 3-day lead time were minimal compared to the LSTM model. However, the accuracy of the LSTM model in longer lead time prediction is noticeable. Specifically, the WLSTM model predicted the peak stage values more precisely compared to the LSTM model, indicating the potential of wavelet analysis to capture the variations and periodicities of the data by removing the noise. Though the WLSTM model marginally outperformed the LSTM model in prediction accuracy, the results highlight both models as feasible alternatives for longer lead time water level prediction.
Climate change awareness and adoption measurements of respondents toward food security in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rizwan Ullah Muhammad , Mao Junbo , Nasrullah Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Climate change has affected all sectors of the economy, especially the agriculture sector. Pakistan is one of the developing countries in South Asia that is most vulnerable to climate change and disasters. Various studies were conducted to report on farmers’ understanding of agriculture, adaptation, mitigation, and perception of climate change. Still, the literature on farmers' awareness of climate change in Pakistan is weak. To close such a research gap, the study carried out the awareness level and related issues of farm households about climate change in Pakistan. A sample of 1,123 respondents was interviewed from the four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, through a questionnaire. The logistic regression method was used to investigate the awareness level of farm households about climate change. Results of the study showed that 63.5% of respondents were aware of climatic shocks. The socioeconomic and demographic factors such as age, land ownership, education level, income, family size, and farming experience were directly related to the respondent's awareness of climate change.
Yoga for Treatment-related Complications in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Mani Suresh , Chellappan Kalaivani 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Despite the advancements in oncology, the prevalence of treatment-related
complications remains high throughout the course of cancer treatment. Extensive research has
indicated that yoga can have a positive influence on both physical and mental energy, potentially
alleviating the severity of these complications.

Objectives:
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of yoga interventions
in managing treatment-related complications among cancer patients

Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases, including Medline, Science Direct,
Cochrane Library, and Scopus, was conducted from 2000 to 2020. The search focused on randomized
controlled trials that compared yoga interventions with other interventions for the management
of cancer treatment-related complications. Female cancer patients participating in yoga
interventions of any style and duration were included. The primary outcome measure of interest
was the change in treatment-related complications from pre- to post-yoga intervention.

Results:
A total of 20 randomized controlled trials were identified, encompassing a sample size of
1349 cancer patients. These trials incorporated six different styles of yoga to manage treatment-related
complications. The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated significant short-term improvements
in anxiety, depression, emotional function, and fatigue levels. Furthermore, regular
practice of yoga exhibited positive impacts on cognition, pain management, nausea, vomiting,
swelling, and shoulder strength improvement.

Conclusion:
The findings from the included studies strongly suggest that yoga, in its various
forms, durations, and interventions, is equally effective in managing cancer treatment-related complications.
Consequently, the integration of yoga into cancer treatment protocols has the potential
to enhance the overall quality of life for patients with cancer.
Heart Disease in Mothers of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: da Silva Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa 
Published: August 2024

:
Female carriers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) carry a heterozygous pathogenic
variant in the dystrophin gene and can transmit pathogenic variants to their offspring.
DMD is an X-linked recessive disease that affects up to 19.8 in every 100,000 male births.
Those carriers with symptoms can be referred to as women with dystrophinopathy. Even among
asymptomatic carriers, cardiac involvement can be verified in between 2.5% and 75% through
echocardiography. The most commonly affected wall of the left ventricle is the inferolateral,
with myocardial fibrosis detected by cardiac nuclear resonance. Therefore, screening is recommended
for these women carriers due to the risk of cardiomyopathy. There is a lack of longitudinal
studies on the evolution of these carriers. In this article, data on clinical presentation, cardiac
assessment for female patients with dystrophinopathy and DMD carriers, and approaches
for these patients are discussed.