bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐tasking gait variability and cognition in late‐life depression
Authors: Gabel Nicolette M. , Crane Natania A. , Avery Erich T. , Kay Rachel E. , Laurent Amanda , Giordani Bruno , Alexander Neil B. , Weisenbach Sara L. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesStudies have demonstrated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms and fall risk in older adults, which may be at least partially mediated by executive functioning skills. There have also been observations of increased gait variability associated with fall risk and disease. This preliminary study first sought to understand whether gait variability in the context of dual task cost differs among older adults with MDD, relative to those with no history of psychiatric illness, and second, to identify relationships between gait variability measures and cognitive functioning in the context of MDD.MethodsWe recruited 15 older adults with MDD and 17 non‐depressed (ND) community‐dwelling older adults. All participants had impaired balance based on unipedal stance time. Assessments included neuropsychological measures and measures of gait variability using an instrumented gait mat (GAITRite©) in the context of dual task relative to single task performance (i.e., dual task cost).ResultsThe groups did not differ on any gait variability parameters. The MDD group demonstrated poorer performance in the psychomotor speed domain, relative to the ND group, but cognitive functioning between the groups in other domains was equivalent. In MDD, increased variability in stride time, stride velocity, and swing time during dual‐tasking were associated with poorer executive functioning and visual memory. In ND, no significant relationships between gait variables and cognitive performance were observed.ConclusionsFindings suggest that unique cognitive mechanisms underlie mobility problems associated with fall risk in late‐life depression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single molecule localization deep within thick cells; a novel super‐resolution microscope
Authors: Tafteh Reza , Scriven David R. L. , Moore Edwin D. W. , Chou Keng C. 
Published: August 2015

A novel 3D imaging system based on single‐molecule localization microscopy is presented to allow high‐accuracy drift‐free (<0.7 nm lateral; 2.5 nm axial) imaging many microns deep into a cell. When imaging deep within the cell, distortions of the point‐spread function result in an inaccurate and very compressed Z distribution. For the system to accurately represent the position of each blink, a series of depth‐dependent calibrations are required. The system and its allied methodology are applied to image the ryanodine receptor in the cardiac myocyte. Using the depth‐dependent calibration, the receptors deep within the cell are spread over a Z range that is many hundreds of nanometers greater than implied by conventional analysis. We implemented a time domain filter to detect overlapping blinks that were not filtered by a stringent goodness of fit criterion. This filter enabled us to resolve the structure of the individual (30 nm square) receptors giving a result similar to that obtained with electron tomography.
High‐accuracy deep imaging of the ryanodine receptor in the cardiac myocyte, using single‐molecule localization microscopy. Depth‐dependent calibrations are performed for accurate depth localization. The optical design featuring two independent and variable focal planes allows real‐time feedback for drift‐free deep imaging.magnified imageHigh‐accuracy deep imaging of the ryanodine receptor in the cardiac myocyte, using single‐molecule localization microscopy. Depth‐dependent calibrations are performed for accurate depth localization. The optical design featuring two independent and variable focal planes allows real‐time feedback for drift‐free deep imaging.
Cellobiose dehydrogenase functionalized urinary catheter as novel antibiofilm system
Authors: Thallinger Barbara , Brandauer Martin , Burger Peter , Sygmund Christoph , Ludwig Roland , Ivanova Kristina , Kun Jutta , Scaini Denis , Burnet Michael , Tzanov Tzanko , Nyanhongo Gibson S. , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUrinary catheters expose patients to a high risk of acquiring nosocomial infections. To prevent this risk of infection, cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), an antimicrobial enzyme able to use various oligosaccharides as electron donors to produce hydrogen peroxide using oxygen as an electron acceptor, was covalently grafted onto plasma‐activated urinary polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) catheter surfaces. Successful immobilization of CDH on PDMS was confirmed by Fourier transformed‐infrared spectrometry and production of H2O2. The CDH functionalized PDMS surfaces reduced the amount of viable Staphylococcus aureus by 60%, total biomass deposited on the surface by 30% and 70% of biofilm formation. The immobilized CDH was relatively stable in artificial urine over 16 days, retaining 20% of its initial activity. The CDH coated PDMS surface did not affect the growth and physiology of HEK 239 and RAW 264,7 mammalian cells. Therefore this new CDH functionalized catheter system shows great potential for solving the current problems associated with urinary catheters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1448–1456, 2016.
Sulfobutyl ether β‐cyclodextrin (Captisol®) and methyl β‐cyclodextrin enhance and stabilize fluorescence of aqueous indocyanine green
Authors: DeDora Daniel J. , Suhrland Cassandra , Goenka Shilpi , Mullick Chowdhury Sayan , Lalwani Gaurav , Mujica‐Parodi Lilianne R. , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs the only FDA‐approved near‐infrared fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG) is commonly used to image vasculature in vivo. ICG degrades rapidly in solution, which limits its usefulness in certain applications, including time‐sensitive surgical procedures. We propose formulations that address this shortcoming via complexation with β‐cyclodextrin derivatives (β‐CyD), which are known to create stabilizing inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules. Here, we complexed ICG with highly soluble methyl β‐CyD and FDA‐approved sulfobutyl ether β‐CyD (Captisol®) in aqueous solution. We measured the fluorescence of the complexes over 24 h. We found that both CyD+ICG complexes exhibit sustained fluorescence increases of >2.0× versus ICG in water and >20.0× in PBS. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found evidence of reduced aggregation in complexes versus ICG alone. We thus conclude that this reduction in aggregation helps mitigate fluorescence autoquenching of CyD+ICG complexes compared in ICG alone. We also found that while ICG complexed with methyl β‐CyD severely reduced the viability of MRC‐5 fibroblasts, ICG complexed with sulfobutyl ether β‐CyD had no effect on viability. These results represent an important first step toward enhancing the utility of aqueous ICG by reducing aggregation‐dependent fluorescence degradation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1457–1464, 2016.
Interpersonal Functioning Among Treatment‐Seeking Trans Individuals
Authors: Davey Amanda , Bouman Walter Pierre , Meyer Caroline , Arcelus Jon 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTrans people have been found to have high levels of depression. In view of the association between interpersonal problems and depression and the importance of interpersonal skills to navigate the transition of trans people, this study aims to investigate the levels of interpersonal problems among treatment‐seeking trans men and women and the role of depression in this association.MethodA total of 104 patients from a UK gender identity clinic and 104 age‐ and gender‐matched control participants completed self‐report measures of interpersonal problems and general psychopathology, including depression.ResultsTrans people reported significantly higher scores on global interpersonal problems and on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems‐32 (IIP‐32) Hard to be Sociable, Hard to be Supportive, and Hard to be Involved subscales and lower scores on the Too Open subscale. Depression accounted for significant differences on IIP‐32 global and the Too Open subscale but not on Hard to be Sociable, Hard to be Supportive, and Hard to be Involved subscales.ConclusionsTrans individuals present with interpersonal problems, which could potentially increase their vulnerability to mental health problems. Therefore, addressing interpersonal problems may help to prevent the development of depressive symptomatology and facilitate transition.
Biochemical and morphological alterations of the extracellular matrix of chicken calcaneal tendon during maturation
Authors: Ballestero Fêo Haline , Biancalana Adriano , Romero Nakagaki Wilson , Aparecida De Aro Andrea , Gomes Laurecir 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe region in tendons that surrounds bone extremities adapts to compression forces, developing a fibrocartilaginous structure. During maturation, changes occur in the amount and organization of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix of tendons, changing the tissue morphology. To study the effect of maturation on tendons, Pedrês chickens were sacrificed at 1, 5, and 8 months old and had the calcaneal tendon (CT) divided into proximal region, submitted to tension/compression forces (p), and distal region submitted to tension force (d). Morphological analysis of the p region showed the presence of fibrocartilage in all ages. In the central part of the fibrocartilage, near a diminishment of the metachromasy, there was also a development of a probable fat pad that increased with the maturation. The activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 was higher at 5 and 8 months old, in both regions, compared with 1‐month‐old animals. In SDS‐PAGE analysis, components with electrophoretic migration similar to decorin and fibromodulin increased with maturation, particularly in the d region. The Western blotting confirmed the increased amount of fibromodulin with maturation. In conclusion, our results show that process of maturation leads to the appearance of a probable fat pad in the center of the fibrocartilage of CT, with a reduced amount of glycosaminoglycans and an increased activity of MMPs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:949–957, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Post‐2015 Moment: Towards Sustainable Development Goals and a New Global Development Paradigm
Authors: Gore Charles 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe post‐2015 moment is a moment in time in which multiple efforts are being made to envision a better long‐term future for humanity and to forge, post‐2015, a new and different global development trajectory. There is a need for not only new global goals but also a new global development paradigm. The papers in this special issue assess the Sustainable Development Goals in the making and offer constructive suggestions to further a paradigm shift that would bring the post‐2015 development agenda to life in a transformative way rather than sustain business as usual. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ebola Crisis and Post‐2015 Development
Authors: Leach Melissa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article argues that the recent Ebola crisis is the result of structural violence, as interlocking institutions have produced interlaced inequalities, unsustainabilities and insecurities. These have underlain the vulnerabilities in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea through which a disease outbreak became a major health, social and economic crisis and the local fears, distrust, rumours and resistance that magnified it further. Articulating this analysis of Ebola with broader perspectives, the case is made for a reframing of post‐2015 development as transformational politics towards equality, sustainability and security, enabling people to realise well‐being and justice in terms that make sense to them. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants and Trends of Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Malnutrition: The Case of Mozambique, 1996–2011
Authors: Salvucci Vincenzo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe study the extent of socioeconomic inequality in child malnutrition in Mozambique using data from the Household Budget Survey 1996–1997 and 2008–2009, and from the Development and Health Statistics 2003 and 2011. Pro‐rich inequalities in the distribution of malnutrition are found for all years, and further decompositions of the concentration index into its components reveal that most of the inequality in malnutrition is due to inequality in consumption. We claim that while absolute levels of chronic child malnutrition tended to decrease over time, socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition did not decrease meanwhile. It actually seems to have slightly increased. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on rainfall extremes in southern China
Authors: Hsu Pang‐Chi , Lee June‐Yi , Ha Kyung‐Ja 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTHow boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) modulates the probability and spatial distributions of extreme rainfall occurrence over populous southern China was examined, using the newly proposed BSISO indices and two high‐resolution rain‐gauge‐based rainfall datasets in China. The probability density function of May–August rainfall in southern China is skewed towards large values in phases 2–4 of the first component and in phases 5–7 of the second component of BSISO life cycle, during which the probability of extreme rainfall events at the 75th (90th) percentile increases by 30–50% (over 60%) relative to the non‐BSISO period. The devastating floods with prolonged extreme rainfall in southern China over the three past decades occurred coincidently with these BSISO phases. The first component of BSISO, associated with 30–60‐day eastward/northeastward‐propagating ISO, is more favourable for the rainfall extreme over in‐land China. In contrast, the second component of BSISO, related to the 10–30‐day northwestward propagating ISO, tends to link with the rainfall extreme along the southeast coast of South China. Moisture budget indicates that the favourable environment for rainfall extreme is associated with southwesterly moisture convergence over southern China, while the moisture advection contributes insignificantly. This study suggests a potential for monitoring and probabilistic prediction of extreme rainfall events in southern China based on the real‐time BSISO indices.
Climatology and changes in cloud cover in the area of the Black, Caspian, and Aral seas (1991–2010): a comparison of surface observations with satellite and reanalysis products
Authors: Calbó Josep , Badosa Jordi , González Josep‐Abel , Dmitrieva Lidya , Khan Valentina , Enríquez‐Alonso Aaron , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a climatology of total cloud cover (TCC) in the area of the three inland Eurasian seas (Black, Caspian, and Aral Sea). Analyses are performed on the basis of 20 years of data (1991–2010), collected from almost 200 ground stations. Average TCC is 49%, with broad spatial and seasonal variability: minimum TCC values are found in summer and to the southeast, whereas maximum values correspond to winter and to the northwest. For the whole area, linear trend analyses show that TCC did not vary during the study period. We only detected a statistically significant positive trend (+1.2% decade−1) in autumn. We obtained different results for the regions delimited by means of a principal component analysis: a clear decrease, both for the annual, spring, and summer series, was detected for the south of Black Sea, while increasing TCC was found for the annual, autumn, and winter series in the north Caucasus and the west and north of Black Sea. We also analysed the TCC data from global gridded products, including satellite projects [International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS‐x), cLoud, Albedo & Radiation (CLARA)], reanalyses [ERA‐interim, National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE), Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)], and surface observations [Climatic Research Unit (CRU)]. Although all these products capture the seasonal evolution over the study area, they differ substantially both among them and in relation to the ground observations: reanalyses produce much lower values of TCC, while ISCCP and CLARA provide a summer minimum that is too high. Trend analyses applied to these data generally showed a decrease in TCC; only CRU and NCEP/DOE tally with the ground data as regards the absence of overall trends. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies presenting trends of other variables such as sunshine duration, diurnal temperature range, or precipitation; we also discuss the connections with changes in synoptic patterns and environmental changes, in particular in the Aral Sea region.
Spatial downscaling of European climate data
Authors: Moreno Adam , Hasenauer Hubert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTE‐OBS(European Observations) is a gridded climate data set which contains maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation on a daily time step. The data can be as fine as 0.25° in resolution and extends over the entire European continent and parts of Africa and Asia. However, for studying regional or local climatic effects, a finer resolution would be more appropriate. A continental data set with resolution would allow research that is large in scale and still locally relevant. Until now, a climate data set with high spatial and temporal resolution has not existed for Europe. To fulfil this need, we produced a downscaled version of E‐OBS, applying the delta method, which uses WorldClim climate surfaces to obtain a 0.008° (about 1 × 1 km) resolution climate data set on a daily time step covering the European Union. The new downscaled data set includes minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation for the years 1951–2012. It is analysed against weather station data from six countries: Norway, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, and Spain. Our analysis of the downscaled data set shows a reduction in the mean bias error of 3 °C for mean daily minimum temperature and of 4 °C for mean daily maximum temperature. Daily precipitation improved by 0.15 mm on average for all weather stations in the validation. The entire data set is freely and publically available at
ftp://palantir.boku.ac.at/Public/ClimateData.
TLR4 stimulation and corticosteroid interactively induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat
Authors: Okazaki Shunichiro , Nagoya Satoshi , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Mizuo Keisuke , Shimizu Junya , Watanabe Satoshi , Inoue Hiromasa , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe previously reported that a toll‐like receptor 4 signaling contributes to the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Also, oxidative stress is suggested to be one of the possible pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A recent study showed that toll‐like receptor 4 signaling leads to oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether toll‐like receptor 4 stimulation and subsequent corticosteroid treatment lead to the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat, and oxidative stress is associated with it. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: Saline + Saline, Saline + Methylprednisolone, Lipopolysaccharide + Saline, Lipopolysaccharide + Methylprednisolone. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head at 14 days after the treatment was observed in 1 of 10 Lipopolysaccharide + Saline, and 5 of 10 Lipopolysaccharide + Methylprednisolone treated rats. However, it was not observed at all in the Saline + Saline and Saline + Methylprednisolone treated groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver at 1 day after the treatment was significantly increased when treated with lipopolysaccharide. However, methylprednisolone treatment reduced the activity. On the other hand, glutathione peroxidase activity in the femur did not change in any intergroup. In conclusion, the present study showed that toll‐like receptor 4 stimulation by lipopolysaccharide administration strengthen incidence of corticosteroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, however, concomitant oxidative stress via toll‐like receptor 4 signaling may not contribute to the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:342–345, 2016.
Anthocyanin‐rich extracts from blackberry, wild blueberry, strawberry, and chokeberry: antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oleic acid‐induced hepatic steatosis in vitro
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhao Liang , Wang Dan , Huo Yazhen , Ji Baoping 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLimited information is available regarding the relationship between the chemical structures and inhibitory effects of anthocyanin (ACN) on triglyceride (TG) overaccumulation. Thus this study investigated the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of blackberry, wild blueberry, strawberry, and chokeberry ACN‐rich extracts, with different structural characteristics, on oleic acid‐induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Four major ACNs from these berries, with different aglycones, namely cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (Cy‐3‐glu), delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside, and malvidin‐3‐glucoside, were also investigated.RESULTSBlackberry ACN‐rich extract exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on TG clearance (30.5% ± 3.4%) and reactive oxygen species generation. TG clearance was significantly correlated with total phenolic content (r = 0.991, P < 0.05) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity value (r = 0.961, P < 0.05). Furthermore, Cy‐3‐glu showed the highest inhibitory effect on intracellular TG overaccumulation, with a maximum TG clearance of 61.3% at 40 µg mL−1.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of different ACNs on oleic acid‐induced hepatic steatosis significantly vary. Cy‐3‐glu, which contains the ortho hydroxyl group in its B ring, possibly confers the protective effects of antioxidants and inhibits TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Linking acoustics and finite‐time Lyapunov exponents reveals areas and mechanisms of krill aggregation within the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada
Authors: Maps Frédéric , Plourde Stéphane , McQuinn Ian H. , St‐Onge‐Drouin Simon , Lavoie Diane , Chassé Joël , Lesage Véronique 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) is a feeding ground for several baleen whale species from the North Atlantic, providing them with an abundant supply of krill during their seasonal presence. Krill aggregations are found along the abrupt topography formed by the deep channels, but the dynamics of krill aggregations have not yet been characterized at the scale of the whole GSL. In this study, we combined extensive dual‐frequency acoustic observations of krill and Lagrangian numerical simulations to identify the recurrent areas of krill accumulation in summer and the mesoscale circulation mechanisms responsible for their formation. Throughout the GSL, the topographic forcing of the surface circulation appeared essential in forming convergence zones where observed krill concentrations were systematically higher than average, and within which most of the densest patches were observed. This approach can help in defining the dynamics of the feeding habitat of baleen whales in the GSL, in particular blue and fin whales whose diet is dominated by krill.