bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Redox Interconversion of 6,11‐Diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,4]diazocine and 2‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1,3‐diphenylisoindole: Reversible SET Ring Contraction and Expansion Processes
Authors: Eisch John J. , Liu Wei , Zhu Lisheng , Rheingold Arnold L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn our continuing attempts to convert tub‐shaped dibenzo[1,4]diazocines or dibenzo[1,5]diazocines into necessarily planar Hückel aromatic ten‐π‐electron dianions or dihydro derivatives of the central diazocine ring, we have added requisite electrons by Na or Li metal in THF. Subsequent hydrolysis yielded no evidence for the formation of such Hückel aromatic products but in each case a profound rearrangement of the tricyclic diazocine had instead occurred. In the present study we have attempted to form the unknown aromatic 6,11‐diphenyldibenzo[b,f][5,12]‐dihydro[1,4]diazocine at 25 °C by such a straightforward addition of two electrons to 6,11‐diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,4]diazocine. We were encouraged by the prior reduction of the unsubstituted [1,4]diazocine to 1,4‐dihydro‐[1,4]diazocine, which by X‐ray and 1H NMR evidence displays aromatic‐like properties. However, this diphenyldibenzo[1,4]‐diazocine upon reduction underwent instead an unusual, serendipitous rearrangement to yield quantitatively 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1,3‐diphenylisoindole. Then in a purposive search for other reductants capable of reductively rearranging this [1,4]diazocine to its corresponding isoindole, we discovered three other reductants, namely o‐diaminobenzene, titanium(II) salts, and concentrated aqueous hydriodic acid with visible light. Conversely, again in a serendipitous observation, it was found that O2 in CHCl3 with visible light could readily convert the isoindole in an oxidative rearrangement back into the [1,4]diazocine. A purposive method for achieving this oxidative rearrangement was then found to be treatment with DDQ. General mechanistic pathways are proposed via SET intermediates for both redox interconversions.
Sexual objectification pushes women away: The role of decreased likability
Authors: Teng Fei , Chen Zhansheng , Poon Kai‐Tak , Zhang Denghao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present investigation examined the effect of sexual objectification on women's intention to affiliate with men. We predicted that women would perceive an objectifier as less likable following sexual objectification and thus would distance themselves from the perpetrator. Study 1 found that objectification led female participants to perceive their male partner as less likable and to be less willing to affiliate with the partner. Study 2 replicated Study 1 in a concurrent interpersonal interaction and extended these effects to a man having a similar background with the perpetrator. Study 3 showed that power moderated the effect of sexual objectification on women's interaction intention such that only women with equal or low power (as compared to the objectifier) decreased their affiliation intention toward the objectifier, whereas high‐power women did not show this effect. Implications of these findings were discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Semi‐active piezoelectric friction damper
Authors: Pardo‐Varela J. , de la Llera J. C. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis research investigates the development of a semi‐active piezoelectric friction damper for controlling the seismic response of large‐scale structures. The proposed device is made of Duplex steel and leads to high friction capacity, which can be developed either in passive or semi‐active modes. For the later, piezoelectric actuators react against a stiff clamping system and apply a variable normal force on the multiple contact surfaces. To validate the design, a prototype, which contact surfaces were made of stainless steel and brake pad material, was built and tested in both friction modes. Moreover, an analytical model of the damper was developed to estimate the performance of the piezoelectric actuators within the clamping system. Experimental results showed that the proposed device achieves a force range factor of 1.9. These experimental results also compare well with those obtained from the analytical model of the damper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation and application of the unconditionally stable explicit parametrically dissipative KR‐α method for real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Kolay Chinmoy , Ricles James M. , Marullo Thomas M. , Mahvashmohammadi Akbar , Sause Richard 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn real‐time hybrid simulations (RTHS) that utilize explicit integration algorithms, the inherent damping in the analytical substructure is generally defined using mass and initial stiffness proportional damping. This type of damping model is known to produce inaccurate results when the structure undergoes significant inelastic deformations. To alleviate the problem, a form of a nonproportional damping model often used in numerical simulations involving implicit integration algorithms can be considered. This type of damping model, however, when used with explicit integration algorithms can require a small time step to achieve the desired accuracy in an RTHS involving a structure with a large number of degrees of freedom. Restrictions on the minimum time step exist in an RTHS that are associated with the computational demand. Integrating the equations of motion for an RTHS with too large of a time step can result in spurious high‐frequency oscillations in the member forces for elements of the structural model that undergo inelastic deformations. The problem is circumvented by introducing the parametrically controllable numerical energy dissipation available in the recently developed unconditionally stable explicit KR‐α method. This paper reviews the formulation of the KR‐α method and presents an efficient implementation for RTHS. Using the method, RTHS of a three‐story 0.6‐scale prototype steel building with nonlinear elastomeric dampers are conducted with a ground motion scaled to the design basis and maximum considered earthquake hazard levels. The results show that controllable numerical energy dissipation can significantly eliminate spurious participation of higher modes and produce exceptional RTHS results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elucidating the Effects of Cu‐Nanoparticles in a Porous Medium vis‐à‐vis Heat Transfer Phenomena
Authors: Satheesh A. , Raj S. Adwiteey 
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a numerical simulation technique is developed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative behaviour of Cu‐nanoparticles in a porous medium vis‐a‐vis the heat transfer enhancements—buoyancy driven flow in a two‐dimensional square cavity, with moving walls is presented. The model utilizes the finite volume approach to solve the Brinkman–Darcy equations for Cu‐nanoparticles in a porous media. Discretization is carried out for convective and diffusive fluxes using Quadratic Upwind Interpolation for Convective Kinematics (QUICK) and central difference schemes, respectively. Tri‐Diagonal Matrix Algorithm is invoked to solve the set of algebraic equations. The Darcy number (Da), Prandtl number (Pr), and volume fraction (χ) are varied from 10−3 to 10−1, 3 to 7, and 0% to 20%, respectively. Insight into the cause of variations in isotherms, streamlines, Nusselt number (Nu), and mid‐plane velocities is explicated. The present numerical results are compared with the existing literature and found to be in good agreement. Even though nanoparticles slightly hinder the activity of the fluid, they can augment the average Nu by 90% for Pr = 7, Da = 0.1, and χ = 20% as compared to the absence of nanoparticles. Their efficacy is more prominent for flows with higher Da and Pr. Quantitative values for Nu were obtained for various combinations of Pr, Da, and χ.
Effects of koji‐making with mixed strains on physicochemical and sensory properties of Chinese‐type soy sauce
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Yao , Feng Yun‐Zi , Cui Chun , Zhao Hai‐Feng , Zhao Mou‐Ming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo kinds of soy sauces were prepared with Aspergillus oryzae koji (SSAO) and mixed koji (SSAOM, A. oryzae mouldstarter:Monascus purpureus mouldstarter = 1:2, w/w) respectively. The effects of mixed koji on the essential indices, oxygen radical absorption capacity, color indices, free amino acids and volatile compounds of soy sauce have been studied, followed by a sensory evaluation between SSAO and SSAOM.RESULTSThe contents of non‐salt soluble solid, reducing sugar, total acid, total nitrogen and amino nitrogen in SSAOM increased by 21.50%, 9.88%, 15.35%, 5.98% and 41.43%, respectively, compared with the control SSAO, owing to the higher activities of acid protease and glucoamylase in the mixed koji. Moreover, SSAOM showed higher antioxidant activity, higher levels of free amino acids and much more attractive color. Meanwhile, flavor groups such as esters, aldehydes, pyrazines and sulfur‐containing compounds in SSAOM were also improved. The contents of free amino acids and aroma compounds were consistent with the sensory evaluation. According to descriptive sensory analysis, SSAOM showed higher intensity for sweet and umami attributes; in addition, higher flowery, burnt, fruity and caramel‐like attributes were perceived in SSAOM, while SSAO showed higher ethanolic and sour attributes.CONCLUSIONSThe investigated soy sauce prepared with mixed koji can be considered as an effective method to accelerate the fermentation process and improve the flavor of soy sauce. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mixed Generation Sensitivity Analysis: An Optimal Scenario Study
Authors: Wilson Reginald 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere are several generating units available to meet the load demand on any given day. The mixed‐integer programme case engages generating units that can be shut down or operated between minimum and maximum output levels within a specific time demand block. An examination of these conditions espouses the utilization of renewable energy technology as a reliable power generation source and its effectiveness and augmentation in a robust, heavily subjugated thermal generation system. The mixed‐integer problem has the predisposition to generate many subproblems during the computation. However, with careful selection of the parameters in the model, the challenges are easily overcome. Hydroelectric energy is significant from an operational standpoint as it requires little or no ramp‐up time, commonly found in many combustion technologies. The essential load‐following capability, peaking capacity and voltage stability attributes render hydroelectric energy as a significant part in ensuring reliable electricity service and in meeting customer needs in a market‐driven industry. When this renewable resource is combined with the thermal generation, an improved reliability function is apparent. Yet, in order to minimize the environmental effects inherent in this type of energy resource, the renewable power supply is expected to produce an effectual, consistent output. The integration of renewable generation within the electrical system entails intricate analysis of the transmission line upgrades throughout the system. These upgrades are designed to relieve congestion, improve reliability and provide voltage support by thoroughly evaluating the alternatives to accommodate the new expansion efforts. This paper examines the system integration of renewable generators, via simulated studies, in the context of electrical operations from the hydroelectric generation perspective. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auxiliary space multigrid method based on additive Schur complement approximation
Authors: Kraus J. , Lymbery M. , Margenov S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, the idea of auxiliary space multigrid methods is introduced. The construction is based on a two‐level block factorization of local (finite element stiffness) matrices associated with a partitioning of the domain into overlapping or non‐overlapping subdomains. The two‐level method utilizes a coarse‐grid operator obtained from additive Schur complement approximation. Its analysis is carried out in the framework of auxiliary space preconditioning and condition number estimates for both the two‐level preconditioner and the additive Schur complement approximation are derived. The two‐level method is recursively extended to define the auxiliary space multigrid algorithm. In particular, so‐called Krylov cycles are considered. The theoretical results are supported by a representative collection of numerical tests that further demonstrate the efficiency of the new algorithm for multiscale problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serotonin Toxicity Association with Concomitant Antidepressants and Rasagiline Treatment: Retrospective Study (STACCATO)
Authors: Panisset Michel , Chen Jack J. , Rhyee Sean H. , Conner Jill , Mathena Julie ,   the STACCATO study investigators
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe serotonin toxicity syndrome (STS) is a potential risk with concurrent use of the monoamine oxidase type‐B inhibitor rasagiline and antidepressants.ObjectiveTo assess systematically the occurrence of STS in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) treated with rasagiline plus antidepressants (R+ATD), rasagiline without antidepressants (R), or antidepressants plus anti‐PD dopaminergic medications (ATD) other than either rasagiline or selegiline.MethodsA phase IV multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients with PD who began receiving R+ATD, R, or ATD between September 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, treatment details, and hospitalizations/emergency department (ED) visits. An adjudication committee independently reviewed records to verify case ascertainment and used the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria for case definition. Outcome variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 1504 patients with PD (471 with R+ATD; 511 with R; and 525 with ATD) were enrolled from 37 sites. In the R+ATD and ATD groups, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were most frequently used (74.5% and 77%, respectively). In the R+ATD and ATD groups, mean duration of antidepressant use (tricyclic, SSRI, and other) were 50.5–53.5 weeks and 51.7–80.9 weeks, respectively. Overall, 195 patients (13%) from all three groups had one or more hospitalization/ED visits. No cases of STS were identified in any group.ConclusionsIn this large multicenter retrospective cohort study, concurrent administration of R+ATD was not associated with STS. The findings of this phase IV study expand the drug interaction and pharmacovigilance safety awareness for the use of antidepressants in patients with PD.
Functional characterization of epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes by drug target based protein signaling activation mapping: Implications for personalized cancer therapy
Authors: Sereni Maria Isabella , Baldelli Elisa , Gambara Guido , Deng Jianghong , Zanotti Laura , Bandiera Elisabetta , Bignotti Eliana , Ragnoli Monica , Tognon Germana , Ravaggi Antonella , Meani Francesco , Memo Maurizio , Angioli Roberto , Liotta Lance A. , Pecorelli Sergio L. , Petricoin Emanuel , Pierobon Mariaelena 
Published: October 2014

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is a deadly disease, with a 5‐year survival of 30%. The aim of the study was to perform broad‐scale protein signaling activation mapping to evaluate if EOC can be redefined based on activated protein signaling network architecture rather than histology. Tumor cells were isolated using laser capture microdissection (LCM) from 72 EOCs. Tumors were classified as serous (n = 38), endometrioid (n = 13), mixed (n = 8), clear cell (CCC; n = 7), and others (n = 6). LCM tumor cells were lysed and subjected to reverse‐phase protein microarray to measure the expression/activation level of 117 protein drug targets. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was utilized to explore the overall signaling network. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Regardless of histology, unsupervised analysis revealed five pathway‐driven clusters. When the EOC histotypes were compared by ANOVA, only CCC showed a distinct signaling network, with activation of EGFR, Syk, HER2/ErbB2, and SHP2 (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0021, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0410, respectively). The histological classification of EOC fails to adequately describe the underpinning protein signaling network. Nevertheless, CCC presents unique signaling characteristics compared to the other histotypes. EOC may need to be characterized by functional signaling activation mapping rather than pure histology.
Biometric watermarks based on face recognition methods for authentication of digital images
Authors: Wójtowicz Wioletta , Ogiela Marek R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBecause making digital images secure runs into the substantial challenge of owner authentication, many security schemes based on cryptography, steganography and watermarking technology include biometric recognition methods. To follow on these studies, this paper describes a combination of facial images with watermarking technology to automatically authenticate digital images owners/users. In the proposed methodology, biometric face recognition methods such as principal component analysis and eigenfeature regularization and extraction produce vectorial representations of facial images. These vectors are used as copyright watermarks, in a few common watermarking schemes, and are tested for identification purposes after they are extracted. Initially, watermarking algorithms are studied with some arbitrary cover image, and also the most robust algorithm is tested for different cover images of particular subjects. The strength of this paper is finding relationships between the original and extracted biometric data using neural networks instead of the most common, simple measures such as correlation coefficients or distance metrics. The NN subject identification is performed directly, as there is no need to reconstruct facial images after the watermarks are extracted, compute templates for particular subjects, or seek a suitable distance metric. What is more, the presented study includes a performance comparison of two machine learning methods, frequently used for face recognition, and of a few popular watermarking algorithms. Very promising identification results were obtained in many considered experiments, even those involving attacks on watermarked images. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on gelatinization property and edible quality mechanism of rice
Authors: Huang Ting , Zhu Bo , Du Xuezhu , Li Bin , Wu Xiaofang , Wang Shishuai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe different quality of rice in simulated cooking process was investigated by using SEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and DSC methods. The result shows that the starch granules of rice of low amylose content (AC) have more pores and cavities, which directly led to the swelling of rice starch granule. With the change in temperature, the changes in intensity and width of the IR bands showed that the variation in proportion area of crystalline to non‐crystalline was related to AC of rice. According to the interpretative sensitivity of the data obtained, XRD method was suggested adequate for characterizing the pasting property of different quality of rice. Besides, DSC method showed the AC was not relevant to pasting temperature and enthalpy.
Starch gelatinization using sodium silicate: FTIR, DSC, XRPD, and NMR studies
Authors: Rashid Iyad , Omari Mahmoud H. Al , Leharne Stephen A. , Chowdhry Babur Z. , Badwan Adnan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe chemical and physical modifications of native maize starch subjected to treatment with aqueous Na silicate have been investigated. The application of FTIR, DSC, XRPD, and NMR analysis is discussed herein with respect to the interaction of Na silicate with starch in relation to gelatinization. XRPD results indicate that Na silicate, in the ionized form, disrupts the molecular structure of starch in a manner similar to thermally induced starch gelatinization. In addition, Na silicate forms new CO–O–SiO2Na moieties with the amylopectin starch component. This was ascertained by the detection of the in‐plane vibration of the –Si–O as a distinctive FTIR band at 580–600 cm−1 and the appearance of a new carboxyl group (–COOH) NMR chemical shift at 168 ppm for the amylopectin/Na silicate system. DSC analysis showed two adjacent endothermic transitions at 192 and 198°C for starch/amylopectin treated with Na silicate whereas amylose treated with Na silicate did not show any new endothermic/or exothermic transitions.
Effect of damaged starch on wheat starch thermal behavior
Authors: Barrera Gabriela N. , León Alberto E. , Ribotta Pablo D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe influence of damaged starch (DS) on gelatinization and retrogradation wheat starch properties was investigated. Samples with different content of DS were obtained and evaluated. DSC was used for monitoring the changes in thermal behavior of the starch samples at different water amounts. Starch thermal transitions were affected simultaneously by DS content and water content. The Flory–Huggins parameters were modified by DS. A significant raise in the T°m, and x1–2, and a decrease in ΔHu was recorded. The AP retrogradation kinetics was evaluated by Avrami model. A significant increase of the AP crystallization rate was observed when DS increased. The results demonstrated the importance of the presence of physically damaged granules on wheat starch properties.
Formation of oil‐in‐water (O/W) pickering emulsions via complexation between β‐cyclodextrin and selected organic solvents
Authors: Davarpanah Leila , Vahabzadeh Farzaneh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides derived from the enzymatic degradation of starch. Emulsifying functionality of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) upon its complexation with selected solvents (octanol, decane, and toluene) was studied. In several tests, the three‐phase systems containing the emulsion fraction in the middle position were obtained. The examination of variations in the phase behavior of the test systems showed that the decane/β‐CD/water system had the highest emulsion phase volume when β‐CD at concentration of 10% w/v was used. A reduction in interfacial tension (IFT) of the oil–water interface in each test system was observed with the following order: toluene, decane, and octanol. The precipitated fraction obtained upon centrifugation of the emulsion phase, was structurally characterized as the inclusion complex (IC) formed between β‐CD and each of the three test solvents. The wettability of the IC particles was determined through contact angle measurement and formation of the oil‐in‐water (O/W) Pickering emulsions was confirmed (θow<90°). With use of size distribution data, the ICs particles as the microparticles (1–10 µm) were found to be the main species involved in the formation and stabilization of the emulsions.
Effect of microwave heating on optical and thermal properties of rice starch
Authors: Fan Daming , Ma Shenyan , Wang Liyun , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study used the oil bath to imitate the high heating rate of the microwave heating (MV) and evaluated the effects of conventional and MV on optical and thermal properties of rice starch at the same heating rate. The results indicated that the time–temperature profiles for microwave and rapid conventional heating fitted well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989. During both conventional and MV starch granule did not swell until 60°C, and granule swelling and loss of granule birefringence occurred simultaneously. DSC revealed a 50% decrease in enthalpy when temperature rose from 60 to 65°C, and a further decrease in enthalpy until 70°C. Therefore, microwave irradiation had no effect on the optical and thermal properties of starch during gelatinization.