bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinitis as a risk factor for depressive mood in pre‐adolescents: a new approach to this relationship
Authors: Audino Palma , La Grutta Stefania , Cibella Fabio , La Grutta Sabina , Melis Mario R. , Bucchieri Salvatore , Alfano Pietro , Marcantonio Salvatore , Cuttitta Giuseppina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory allergic symptoms impact on social life and school activities, influencing the patient's mood states. We evaluated the relationships between allergic respiratory diseases and depressive/anxious mood in a large sample ofItalian middle school students, using the partial directed acyclic graph (P‐DAG).MethodsWe studied 1283 subjects aged 10–13. A health respiratory questionnaire including questions relevant to socioeconomic status (HCI) and a test for depression and anxiety were administered. All subjects performed spirometry and skin prick tests.ResultsA causal role of rhinitis on depression was found: the likelihood of being depressed increased from 11.2 to 17.7%, when rhinitis was present. Moreover, a direct effect of lowHCIon depressive mood was shown (p < 0.0001) as well as the correlation between anxiety and depression (p < 0.0001). Gender was not a direct causal factor for depressive mood, but their relation was mediated through anxious mood. Anxiety appeared to have a stronger association with depression than gender. Allergic sensitization was significantly related to both asthma and rhinitis (p < 0.0001, respectively). Asthma and rhinitis were also directly associated (p < 0.0001). Conversely, asthma was not directly associated with depressive mood, but their relation was mediated through rhinitis.Body mass index (BMI) and impaired lung function (IPF) were not associated with the other variables.ConclusionsThe use of this novel approach to analyzing the dynamic relationships allowed us to find a causal role of rhinitis on depressive state. Moreover, anxious condition and low socioeconomic status contributed to induce depressive mood.
Validation of Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children (CARATKids) – a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Linhares Daniela V. B. R. , da Fonseca João Almeida L. , Borrego Luís Miguel , Matos Águeda , Pereira Ana Margarida , Sá‐Sousa Ana , Gaspar Ângela , Mendes Cândida , Moreira Carla , Gomes Eva , Rebelo Filomena F. , Cidrais Rodrigues José Carlos , Onofre José Manuel , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Alfaro Maria , Calix Maria José , Amaral Rita , Rodrigues‐Alves Rodrigo , Correia de Sousa Jaime , Morais‐Almeida Mário ,   CARATKids study group
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundControl of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children (CARATKids) is the first questionnaire that assesses simultaneously allergic rhinitis and asthma control in children. It was recently developed, but redundancy of questions and its psychometric properties were not assessed. This study aimed to (i) establish the final version of the CARATKids questionnaire and (ii) evaluate its reliability, responsiveness, cross‐sectional validity, and longitudinal validity.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in 11 Portuguese centers. During two visits separated by 6 wk, CARATKids, visual analog scale scales and childhood asthma control test were completed, and participant's asthma and rhinitis were evaluated by his/her physician without knowing the questionnaires’ results. Data‐driven item reduction was conducted, and internal consistency, responsiveness analysis, and associations with external measures of disease status were assessed.ResultsOf the 113 children included, 101 completed both visits. After item reduction, the final version of the questionnaire has 13 items, eight to be answered by the child and five by the caregiver. Its Cronbach's alpha was 0.80, the Guyatt's responsiveness index was −1.51, and a significant (p < 0.001) within‐patient change of CARATKids score in clinical unstable patients was observed. Regarding cross‐sectional validity, correlation coefficients of CARATKids with the external measures of control were between 0.45 and −0.69 and met the a priori predictions. In the longitudinal validity assessment, the correlation coefficients between the score changes of CARATKids and those of external measures of control ranged from 0.34 to 0.46.ConclusionCARATKids showed adequate psychometric properties and is ready to be used in clinical practice.
Bidirectional exchange of biogenic volatiles with vegetation: emission sources, reactions, breakdown and deposition
Authors: NIINEMETS ÜLO , FARES SILVANO , HARLEY PETER , JARDINE KOLBY J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are widely modelled as inputs to atmospheric chemistry simulations. However, BVOC may interact with cellular structures and neighbouring leaves in a complex manner during volatile diffusion from the sites of release to leaf boundary layer and during turbulent transport to the atmospheric boundary layer. Furthermore, recent observations demonstrate that the BVOC emissions are bidirectional, and uptake and deposition of BVOC and their oxidation products are the rule rather than the exception. This review summarizes current knowledge of within‐leaf reactions of synthesized volatiles with reactive oxygen species (ROS), uptake, deposition and storage of volatiles, and their oxidation products as driven by adsorption on leaf surface and solubilization and enzymatic detoxification inside leaves. The available evidence indicates that because of the reactions with ROS and enzymatic metabolism, the BVOC gross production rates are much larger than previously thought. The degree to which volatiles react within leaves and can be potentially taken up by vegetation depends upon compound reactivity, physicochemical characteristics, as well as upon their participation in leaf metabolism. We argue that future models should be based upon the concept of bidirectional BVOC exchange and consider modification of BVOC sink/source strengths by within‐leaf metabolism and storage.
Developmental stage specificity of transcriptional, biochemical and CO2 efflux responses of leaf dark respiration to growth of Arabidopsis thaliana at elevated [CO2]
Authors: MARKELZ R. J. CODY , VOSSELLER LAUREN N. , LEAKEY ANDREW D. B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlant respiration responses to elevated growth [CO2] are key uncertainties in predicting future crop and ecosystem function. In particular, the effects of elevated growth [CO2] on respiration over leaf development are poorly understood. This study tested the prediction that, due to greater whole plant photoassimilate availability and growth, elevated [CO2] induces transcriptional reprogramming and a stimulation of nighttime respiration in leaf primordia, expanding leaves and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. In primordia, elevated [CO2] altered transcript abundance, but not for genes encoding respiratory proteins. In expanding leaves, elevated [CO2] induced greater glucose content and transcript abundance for some respiratory genes, but did not alter respiratory CO2 efflux. In mature leaves, elevated [CO2] led to greater glucose, sucrose and starch content, plus greater transcript abundance for many components of the respiratory pathway, and greater respiratory CO2 efflux. Therefore, growth at elevated [CO2] stimulated dark respiration only after leaves transitioned from carbon sinks into carbon sources. This coincided with greater photoassimilate production by mature leaves under elevated [CO2] and peak respiratory transcriptional responses. It remains to be determined if biochemical and transcriptional responses to elevated [CO2] in primordial and expanding leaves are essential prerequisites for subsequent alterations of respiratory metabolism in mature leaves.
In situ measurement of leaf chlorophyll concentration: analysis of the optical/absolute relationship
Authors: PARRY CHRISTOPHER , BLONQUIST J. MARK , BUGBEE BRUCE 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn situ optical meters are widely used to estimate leaf chlorophyll concentration, but non‐uniform chlorophyll distribution causes optical measurements to vary widely among species for the same chlorophyll concentration. Over 30 studies have sought to quantify the in situ/in vitro (optical/absolute) relationship, but neither chlorophyll extraction nor measurement techniques for in vitro analysis have been consistent among studies. Here we: (1) review standard procedures for measurement of chlorophyll; (2) estimate the error associated with non‐standard procedures; and (3) implement the most accurate methods to provide equations for conversion of optical to absolute chlorophyll for 22 species grown in multiple environments. Tests of five Minolta (model SPAD‐502) and 25 Opti‐Sciences (model CCM‐200) meters, manufactured from 1992 to 2013, indicate that differences among replicate models are less than 5%. We thus developed equations for converting between units from these meter types. There was no significant effect of environment on the optical/absolute chlorophyll relationship. We derive the theoretical relationship between optical transmission ratios and absolute chlorophyll concentration and show how non‐uniform distribution among species causes a variable, non‐linear response. These results link in situ optical measurements with in vitro chlorophyll concentration and provide insight to strategies for radiation capture among diverse species.
Variability in coefficient of restitution in human facial skin
Authors: Anderson K. R. , Oleson J. J. , Anthony T. R. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIf particles rebound on human facial skin, they can be re‐entrained into the airflow and subsequently inhaled, increasing aspiration efficiency estimates. A realistic estimate of facial skin coefficient of restitution (CoR) is necessary to accurately model particle bounce. This study investigated the effects of sampling location, temperature, humidity levels, age, gender, and BMI on facial skin CoR.MethodsA torsional ballistometer was used to measure facial CoR for 30 participants divided into three age groups (18–30, 31–40, and 41–65 years), at three temperatures and three humidity levels. The study was repeated twice: once in the late winter and once in the early summer to capture the seasonal variability.ResultsThe CoR significantly varied across five facial locations, with values ranging from 0.55 to 0.75. Gender, sampling season and the interaction between sampling location and age were found to be significant, but changes in values were relatively small (0.05 at most) and are not considered practically significant.ConclusionCoR was non‐uniform across the face. The use of uniform CoR value as modeling input parameters or for mannequin facial surfaces in experimental wind tunnel studies may not be accurate due to the high variability in CoR between facial sampling locations.
Displacement Through Participation
Authors: Huisman Carla 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCitizen participation is often regarded as a means to increase local democracy. Seldom is participation viewed as a means to legitimate disruptive practices of states. However, participation can become a tool for the effective implementation of policy rather than a means to enhance justice, if no power is transferred to citizens. Displacement in Amsterdam is a case in point. Here the local council together with housing corporations yearly forces over 2,000 households to leave their houses, a consequence of an ambitious policy of state‐led gentrification. Following Foucault, I explore the rationalities and techniques employed to ensure compliance. The promise of influence lures tenants into lengthy discussions with power holders. Investment choices are presented as objective facts and so provide a rationale for the disruptive interventions. Participation thus provides government a platform to impose its views in a context of severe power asymmetries, while alternatives are marginalised and dissent is disciplined.
Inserting Temporality into the Analysis of Displacement: Living Under the Threat of Displacement
Authors: Sakizlioğlu Bahar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEven though there is a growing literature on the extent and impacts of state‐led gentrification and displacement, there is little attention to the process of change in restructuring neighbourhoods and how residents experience the threat of displacement. How is it to live in a house that is to be demolished? How does a neighbourhood change once it is targeted for gentrification? How do the residents experience the threat of displacement before actual displacement takes place? This paper addresses this gap and investigates the trajectory of neighborhood change in neighbourhoods targeted for gentrification. Based on an ethnographic study of the renewal process inTarlabaşı /Istanbul, it discusses how residents live under the threat of displacement.
A Window on the (Changing) Neighbourhood: The Role of Pubs in the Contested Spaces of Gentrification
Authors: Ernst Olaf , Doucet Brian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of gentrification through the lens of the interactions and perceptions which can be found in local, neighbourhood pubs. By interviewing predominantly Dutch, non‐gentrifying customers in the rapidly gentrifying Indische Buurt neighbourhood in Amsterdam, we uncovered discourses which are both welcoming to, and cautious of the process. Three themes were examined: changes in the neighbourhood, changes in the role of pubs in daily life and changes in the interactions within pubs. In many respects, the process of gentrification is welcomed because it represents something ‘Dutch’ coming into the neighbourhood after years of immigration. Divisions between gentrifiers and non‐gentrifiers are not experienced as starkly as is often portrayed in the literature; our respondents tended to be much more ambivalent than other non‐gentrifying groups portrayed in studies elsewhere. This may be due to the more managed‐nature of Dutch gentrification. However, there is a sense that one's pub is impervious to the changes in the rest of the neighbourhood, a discourse which must be taken into account when drawing any long‐term conclusions from this study.
A Process of Change and a Changing Process: Introduction to the Special Issue on Contemporary Gentrification
Authors: Doucet Brian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGentrification is a process of social and spatial change, but it is also a changing process. This special issue aims to better understand new forms of gentrification, policies and experiences which have emerged since the year 2000. Specific emphasis has been given to the Netherlands, a country where the strong role of the state and more than two decades of pro‐gentrification policy have created a unique context where gentrification is pursued, implemented and experienced in different ways than in the Anglo‐Saxon world. Research into Dutch gentrification has led to new theoretical insights in the past and the papers in this special issue should present international readers with new and alternative perspectives towards contemporary gentrification, thereby contributing to a wider understanding of the ‘geography of gentrification’. This introduction will examine new spatial and social manifestations of gentrification over the past decade, examine what binds them together as part of the gentrification process, introduce Dutch gentrification and outline the papers featured in this special issue.
Cutaneous legionellosis: case report and review of the medical literature
Authors: Padrnos L.J. , Blair J.E. , Kusne S. , DiCaudo D.J. , Mikhael J.R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiscrete nodules developed on the leg of a 27‐year‐old immunosuppressed woman after an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Biopsy and culture grew Legionella pneumophila serogroup 8. On day 7 of azithromycin treatment, respiratory distress and abnormal liver transaminases developed, and the patient died on day 14. Review of the medical literature identified 19 reports of Legionella species‐associated skin or soft tissue infections (total of 20 patients, 13 with confirmed infection). Manifestations of the 13 confirmed cases included erythematous macular rash (n = 7), erythema after thoracentesis (n = 1), abscess formation (n = 4), respiratory symptoms (n = 6), and abnormal chest radiographs (n = 8). Six required surgical exploration and débridement, and 7 were immunocompromised. Rash and respiratory infection improved with antibiotics in 10, but 3 died. Immunosuppression may predispose transplant recipients to Legionella infections. Diagnostic biopsies may facilitate appropriate treatment.
Oxygen and pulse oximetry in childhood pneumonia: surveys of clinicians and student clinicians in Cambodia
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Gerth‐Guyette Emily , Mollis Brenda , Gardner Michelle , Chham Samnang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the availability of oxygen and pulse oximetry, barriers to use, clinician perceptions and practices regarding their role in the management of childhood pneumonia, and the formal education and training regarding these technologies received by student clinicians in Cambodia.MethodsIn the clinician survey, we surveyed 81 clinicians practising at all national paediatric, provincial and district referral hospitals throughout Cambodia. Respondents were primarily physicians whose scope of practice included paediatrics, and most reported the presence of oxygen (93% (95% confidence interval (CI) [87, 98])) but less availability of pulse oximetry (51% (95% CI [39, 61])).ResultsCommon barriers to use included a lack of policies and guidelines, as well as a lack of training. In the student clinician survey, 332 graduating medical and nursing students were surveyed, and most reported learning about oxygen (96% (95% CI [94, 98])) and pulse oximetry (72% (95% CI [67, 77])) during their training.ConclusionsData from both surveys indicate that despite their utility, oxygen and pulse oximetry may be underused in Cambodia. The reported barriers and perceptions of the tools indicate a clear role for improved training for clinicians and students on the use of oxygen and pulse oximetry, the value of oxygen and pulse oximetry for managing childhood pneumonia, and the need for improved policies and guidelines governing their use.
The interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection in severely anaemic Malawian children: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Kyeyune Francis X. , Calis Job C. J. , Phiri Kamija S. , Faragher Brian , Kachala David , Brabin Bernard J. , van Hensbroek Michaël Boele 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveMalaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are co‐prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa and cause severe anaemia in children. Interactions between these infections occur in adults, although these are less clear in children. The aim of study was to determine their interaction in a cohort of severely anaemic children.MethodsSeverely anaemic Malawian children were enrolled, tested for HIV and malaria, transfused and followed for 18 months for malaria incidence. Antiretrovirals were not widely available in Malawi during the study period.ResultsOf 381 children (haemoglobin <5 g/dl), 357 consented for HIV testing, 12.6% were HIV‐infected, and 59.5% had malaria parasitaemia. At enrolment, HIV‐infected children had similar malaria parasitaemia prevalence (59.1% vs. 58.7%; P = 0.96) and parasite density (geometric mean [parasites/μl] 6903 vs. 12417; P = 0.18) as HIV‐negative children. There were no differences in mean CD4%, or prevalence of severe immunosuppression, between those with and without malaria parasitaemia. Plasma viral load correlated negatively with log parasitaemia (r = −0.78; P = 0.01). During follow‐up, HIV‐infected children did not experience more frequent parasitaemias or symptomatic malaria episodes. Adjusted risk estimates (95% CI) for malaria parasitaemia in HIV‐infected children at 6 and 18 months follow‐up were 0.39 (0.13–1.14) and 0.40 (0.11–1.51), respectively.ConclusionsSeverely anaemic HIV‐infected children showed no increased susceptibility to asymptomatic or symptomatic malaria during or following their anaemic episode, although all experienced lower parasite prevalence during follow‐up. This contrasts with data in adults and may relate to the malaria immunity of young children which is insufficiently developed to be impaired by HIV. The negative correlation between viral load and malaria parasitaemia remains unexplained.
Patterns of divergence of a large family of nodule cysteine‐rich peptides in accessions of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Nallu Sumitha , Silverstein Kevin A. T. , Zhou Peng , Young Nevin D. , VandenBosch Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe nodule cysteine‐rich (NCR) groups of defensin‐like (DEFL) genes are one of the largest gene families expressed in the nodules of some legume plants. They have only been observed in the inverted repeat loss clade (IRLC) of legumes, which includes the model legume Medicago truncatula. NCRs are reported to play an important role in plant–microbe interactions. To understand their diversity we analyzed their expression and sequence polymorphisms among four accessions of M. truncatula. A significant expression and nucleotide variation was observed among the genes. We then used 26 accessions to estimate the selection pressures shaping evolution among the accessions by calculating the nucleotide diversity at non‐synonymous and synonymous sites in the coding region. The mature peptides of the orthologous NCRs had signatures of both purifying and diversifying selection pressures, unlike the seed DEFLs, which predominantly exhibited purifying selection. The expression, sequence variation and apparent diversifying selection in NCRs within the Medicago species indicates rapid and recent evolution, and suggests that this family of genes is actively evolving to adapt to different environments and is acquiring new functions.
Digital imaging analysis to assess scar phenotype
Authors: Smith Brian J. , Nidey Nichole , Miller Steven F. , Moreno Uribe Lina M. , Baum Christian L. , Hamilton Grant S. , Wehby George L. , Dunnwald Martine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn order to understand the link between the genetic background of patients and wound clinical outcomes, it is critical to have a reliable method to assess the phenotypic characteristics of healed wounds. In this study, we present a novel imaging method that provides reproducible, sensitive, and unbiased assessments of postsurgical scarring. We used this approach to investigate the possibility that genetic variants in orofacial clefting genes are associated with suboptimal healing. Red‐green‐blue digital images of postsurgical scars of 68 patients, following unilateral cleft lip repair, were captured using the 3dMD imaging system. Morphometric and colorimetric data of repaired regions of the philtrum and upper lip were acquired using ImageJ software, and the unaffected contralateral regions were used as patient‐specific controls. Repeatability of the method was high with intraclass correlation coefficient score > 0.8. This method detected a very significant difference in all three colors, and for all patients, between the scarred and the contralateral unaffected philtrum (p ranging from 1.20−05 to 1.95−14). Physicians’ clinical outcome ratings from the same images showed high interobserver variability (overall Pearson coefficient = 0.49) as well as low correlation with digital image analysis results. Finally, we identified genetic variants in TGFB3 and ARHGAP29 associated with suboptimal healing outcome.