bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Fidelity Frequency Converter in High‐Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Wang Xuewen , Chen Gang , Wang Lirong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐dimensional frequency converter provides an enticing promise for establishing frequency interfaces to connect various physical systems toward the next generation of high‐capacity optical communication. The constant pursuit of high fidelity accompanied by multi‐dimensional information coding is restricted by the inherent fundamental nature of the degrees of freedom. Here, a high‐dimensional frequency converter is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which builds a high‐fidelity interface between near‐infrared and blue‐violet wavelength. The perfect Poincaré beam exploiting the mutual orthogonality and transverse structure‐invariance of perfect vortex beam, accesses high‐dimensional spaces from spatial amplitude, phase, and polarization, and realizes the fidelity above 99% for arbitrary Poincaré states. Additionally, the trans‐spectral multiplexing utilizing the radial degree of freedom endows a superior capability in further increasing the system capacity. This proof‐of‐principle demonstration represents a key step toward the lossless transmission between different frequency domains, and has great prospects for constructing high‐capacity optical communication networks.
Learning health system research as a catalyst for promoting physician wellness: EHR InBasket Spring cleaning and team‐based compassion practice
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , Walker Amanda , Cheng Yuwei , Yung Nathan , Webb Sophie , Lunde Ottar , Bazzo David , Mandvi Ammar , Doran Neal , Kallenberg Gene , Longhurst Christopher A. , Zisook Sidney , Savides Thomas J. , Millen Marlene , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAddressing physician burnout is critical for healthcare systems. As electronic health record (EHR) workload and teamwork have been identified as major contributing factors to physician well‐being, we aimed to mitigate burnout through EHR‐based interventions and a compassion team practice (CTP), targeting EHR workload and team cohesion.MethodsA modified stepped wedge‐clustered randomized trial was conducted, involving specialties with heavy InBasket workloads. EHR interventions included quick‐action shortcuts and recommended practice for secure chats. The CTP comprised 30‐s practice between physicians and their dyad partners. Survey and EHR data were collected over four assessment periods. Linear and generalized mixed‐effects models assessed intervention effects, accounting for covariates.ResultsForty‐four physicians participated (20% participation rate). While burnout prevalence decreased from 58.5% at baseline to 50.0% at the end of the study, burnout reduction was not statistically significant after EHR (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.61, p = 0.21) or EHR + CTP (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.10, p = 0.42) interventions. Statistically significant greater perceived ease of EHR work resulted from both the EHR intervention (coefficient 0.76, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.29, p = 0.01) and EHR + CTP intervention (coefficient 0.80, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.35, p < 0.01). EHR + CTP increased perceived workplace supportiveness (coefficient 0.61, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.26, p = 0.07). Total number of InBasket messages/week increased significantly after EHR interventions (coefficient = 27.4, 95% CI 6.69 to 48.1, p = 0.011) and increased after EHR + CTP (18.5, 95% CI −3.15 to 40.2, p = 0.097).ConclusionWhile burnout reduction was not statistically significant, EHR interventions positively impacted workload perceptions. CTP showed potential for improving perceived workplace supportiveness. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy of CTP with more participants. The interventions gained interest beyond our institution and prompted consideration for broader implementation.
Gene editing therapy for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Yang Jie , Zhang Jiayao , Song Yuning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of gene editing tools has been a significant area of research in the life sciences for nearly 30 years. These tools have been widely utilized in disease detection and mechanism research. In the new century, they have shown potential in addressing various scientific challenges and saving lives through gene editing therapies, particularly in combating cardiovascular disease (CVD). The rapid advancement of gene editing therapies has provided optimism for CVD patients. The progress of gene editing therapy for CVDs is a comprehensive reflection of the practical implementation of gene editing technology in both clinical and basic research settings, as well as the steady advancement of research and treatment of CVDs. This article provides an overview of the commonly utilized DNA‐targeted gene editing tools developed thus far, with a specific focus on the application of these tools, particularly the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR‐associated genes (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) system, in CVD gene editing therapy. It also delves into the challenges and limitations of current gene editing therapies, while summarizing ongoing research and clinical trials related to CVD. The aim is to facilitate further exploration by relevant researchers by summarizing the successful applications of gene editing tools in the field of CVD.
COVID‐19 vaccine: recent advancements and future prospects
Authors: Xu Li , Li Min , He Wu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNowadays, although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic has been handled with long‐term management globally, the virus strains keep continuous evolution in an uncertain direction. The newly emerged JN.1 dominated the globally circulating variants in a short time and resulted in increasing hospitalizations. Up to 2024, variant vaccines with the composition of XBB sub‐lineage were available due to the coordinated efforts of developers and regulatory agencies. The development of updated vaccines is still needed and the regular availability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines should be timely guaranteed. The current landscape of COVID‐19 vaccines and the strategies for accelerating vaccine development and approval are reviewed. Proposals to enhance variants monitoring and the establishment of the strain recommendation mechanism are made. This review provides suggestions about platform technology designation and application, real‐world data leveraging and modification to regulatory pathways both for the post‐pandemic era of SARS‐CoV‐2 and for the future unknown pathogen pandemic.
A case of inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency caused by PGAP3 variant with uniparental isodisomy on chromosome 17
Authors: Mukai Takeo , Kato Shota , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kuroda Yukiko , Kitaoka Hiroki , Ito Atsushi , Shitara Yoshihiko , Kashima Kohei , Takami Hirokazu , Takahashi Naoto , Kato Motohiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease and a set of syndromes caused by different genes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol characterized by severe cognitive disability, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and distinct facial features. This report presents a patient with inherited GPI deficiency caused by a homozygous frameshift variant of PGAP3 due to uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) on chromosome 17.MethodClinical characteristics of the patient were collected. Microarray analysis followed by adaptive sampling sequencing targeting chromosome 17 was used for the identification of variants. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variant in the target region.ResultsThe patient was born at 38 weeks of gestation with a birthweight of 3893 g. He had a distinctive facial appearance with hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, and cleft soft palate. Postnatal head magnetic resonance imaging revealed a Blake's pouch cyst. The serum ALP level was 940 IU/L at birth and increased to 1781 IU/L at 28 days of age. Microarray analysis revealed region of homozygosity in nearly the entire region of chromosome 17, leading to the diagnosis of UPiD. Adaptive sampling sequencing targeting chromosome 17 confirmed the homozygous variant NM_033419:c.778dupG (p.Val260Glyfs*14) in the PGAP3 gene, resulting in a diagnosis of inherited GPI deficiency.ConclusionThis is the first report of inherited GPI deficiency caused by UPiD. Inherited GPI deficiency must be considered in patients with unexplained hyperphosphatasemia.
A compound heterozygote case of glutaric aciduria type II in a patient carrying a novel candidate variant in ETFDH gene: A case report and literature review on compound heterozygote cases
Authors: Seyedtaghia Mohammad Reza , Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani Reza , Hosseini Seyedmojtaba , Kobravi Sepehr , Hakkaki Mahdis , Nilipour Yalda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlutaric aciduria type II (GA2) is a rare genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Double dosage mutations in GA2 corresponding genes, ETFDH, ETFA, and ETFB, lead to defects in the catabolism of fatty acids, and amino acids lead to broad‐spectrum phenotypes, including muscle weakness, developmental delay, and seizures. product of these three genes have crucial role in transferring electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), but are not directly involve in ETC complexes.MethodsHere, by using exome sequencing, the cause of periodic cryptic gastrointestinal complications in a 19‐year‐old girl was resolved after years of diagnostic odyssey. Protein modeling for the novel variant served as another line of validation for it.ResultsExome Sequencing (ES) identified two variants in ETFDH: ETFDH:c.926T>G and ETFDH:c.1141G>C. These variants are likely contributing to the crisis in this case. To the best of our knowledge at the time of writing this manuscript, variant ETFDH:c.926T>G is reported here for the first time. Clinical manifestations of the case and pathological analysis are in consistent with molecular findings. Protein modeling provided another line of evidence proving the pathogenicity of the novel variant. ETFDH:c.926T>G is reported here for the first time in relation to the causation GA2.ConclusionGiven the milder symptoms in this case, a review of GA2 cases caused by compound heterozygous mutations was conducted, highlighting the range of symptoms observed in these patients, from mild fatigue to more severe outcomes. The results underscore the importance of comprehensive genetic analysis in elucidating the spectrum of clinical presentations in GA2 and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Gubra Amylin‐NASH Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Histological Damage, Oxidative Stress, Immune Disorders, Gut Microbiota, and Its Metabolic Dysbiosis in Colon
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Qin Xinyi , Yi Tao , Li Yamei , Li Chengfeng , Zeng Min , Luo Hongshan , Lin Xiulian , Xie Jingchen , Xia Bohou , Lin Yan , Lin Limei 
Published: July 2024

ScopeThe overall changes of colon under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be further elucidated.Methods and ResultsThis study establishes a mouse model of NAFLD through a long‐term Gubra Amylin‐nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet (GAN diet). The results show that GAN diet significantly induces weight gain, liver steatosis, colonic oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in blood, liver, and adipose tissue in mice. GAN feeding reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota, alters the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, and leads to an increase in microbial metabolites such as long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and secondary bile acids (BAs), as well as a decrease in short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The RNA‐seq and immunofluorescence results reveal that the GAN diet alters the expression of proteins and their coding genes involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and barrier function in colon tissue, such as lipocalin‐2 (Lcn2, p < 0.05), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1/Hmox1, p < 0.05), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and claudin‐3/7. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a strong correlation between the changes in gut microbiota and lipid biomarkers. Additionally, the expression of immune related genes in colon tissue is related to the LCFAs produced by microbial metabolism.ConclusionGAN‐induced NAFLD is related to microbiota and its metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, immune disorders, and impaired barrier function in colon.
Cocoa and Polyphenol‐Rich Cocoa Fractions Fail to Improve Acute Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Treated Mice
Authors: Weikart Daphne K. , Coleman Kiana M. , Sweet Michael G. , McAmis Ashley M. , Hopfer Helene , Neilson Andrew P. , Lambert Joshua D. 
Published: July 2024

ScopeA study is conducted to determine the anti‐inflammatory effects of cocoa and polyphenol‐rich cocoa fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse model of acute colonic inflammation.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J mice are treated with dietary cocoa powder, an extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction, or a non‐extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction for 2 weeks prior to treatment with 2.5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days to induce colonic inflammation. Cocoa treatment continues during the DSS period. Cocoa and/or cocoa fractions exacerbate DSS‐induced weight loss and fail to mitigate DSS‐induced colon shortening but do improve splenomegaly. Cocoa/cocoa fraction treatment fails to mitigate DSS‐induced mRNA and protein markers of inflammation. Principal component analysis shows overlap between cocoa or cocoa fraction‐treated mice and DSS‐induced controls, but separation from mice not treated with DSS.ConclusionThe results suggest cocoa and cocoa polyphenols may not be useful in mitigating acute colonic inflammation.
Demonstrating reconfigurability in water‐based electromagnetic devices using a 3D‐printed siphon
Authors: Wingren Niklas , Sjöberg Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rise of water‐based electromagnetic devices opens up new possibilities for controlling electromagnetic performance due to the liquid state of crucial parts of the device. This letter proposes the siphon mechanism as a novel way to achieve reconfigurability in these types of electromagnetic devices. To demonstrate this, a simple polarization‐reconfigurable device based on a siphon is introduced. The device is designed to scatter horizontal and vertical polarizations differently depending on the amount of water added to it. The siphon mechanism offers a sharp transition between two states after water is added above a threshold. The device is simulated, manufactured using 3D printing, and measured in different states filled with both distilled and tap water. The results demonstrate that polarization reconfigurability is achieved with the different states scattering the two polarizations as expected. Siphons similar to this could be used to offer new types of control in other electromagnetic devices based on liquids.
Innovative structure to mount demand feeders to concrete raceways at a production fish hatchery
Authors: Krebs Eric , Rosner Breah R. , Gerber Alexis L. , Huysman Nathan , Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
As a type of automatic feeder, demand feeders reduce labor costs and can improve fish-rearing efficiencies. However, mounting demand feeders can be problematic because of the variety of nonstandardized fish-rearing units. This article describes an innovative, simple, sturdy, and durable demand feeder mount for rectangular, concrete raceways.

Methods
The feeder mount was made from aluminum and sits flat on a raceway wall or walkway. A horizontal base plate, secured to the wall by vertical plates, holds a vertical riser of aluminum tubing. Attached to this tubing is a rod that secures the demand feeder.

Result
This feeder mount design has proven durable over several years of actual use. Over this time, it has needed no maintenance other than occasional cleaning with water to remove spilled fish food. The feeder can be easily and quickly removed from the mount by simply pulling a pin and sliding the feeder off of the tubing. The mount is constructed to dramatically reduce tripping hazards and occupational safety and health risks.

Conclusion
This simple, inexpensive (~US$50 to construct), and no-maintenance mount is a viable solution to the typically difficult problem of mounting demand feeders to concrete raceways used for trout production.
The impact of diffusion tensor imaging tractography settings on muscle fascicle architecture and diffusion parameter estimates: Tract length, completion, and curvature are most sensitive to tractography settings
Authors: Lockard Carly A. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Zhou Xingyu , Coolbaugh Crystal , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiffusion‐tensor (DT)‐MRI tractography provides information about properties relevant to muscle health and function, including estimates of architectural properties such as fascicle length, pennation angle, and curvature and diffusion properties such as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Tractography settings, including integration algorithms, thresholds for early tract termination, and tract smoothing approaches, impact the accuracy of the muscle property estimates. However, muscle DT‐MRI tractography is performed using a variety of these settings, complicating comparisons between different studies. The effects of different tractography settings on muscle architecture estimates have not been fully explored, and optimized settings for muscle tractography have not yet been determined. We examined the influence of integration algorithm and termination check settings combined with a range of step sizes, termination criteria, and smoothing polynomial orders on tract characteristics, completion/reason for termination, and goodness of fit between fiber tracts and smoothing polynomials using 3‐T DT‐MR images of the lower leg muscles of seven healthy adults. We found that tract length and completion were highly sensitive to strict FA and intersegment angle thresholds (25%–69% reduction in complete fiber tracts from lowest to highest minimum FA threshold and 11%–36% reduction from highest to lowest intersegment angle threshold). Higher order polynomials (third and fourth order vs. second order) better fit the muscle fiber trajectories, but curvature estimates were highly sensitive to smoothing polynomial order (3.9–6.6 m−1 increase for second‐ vs. fourth‐order fitting polynomials). Step size impacted curvature estimates, albeit to a lesser degree. Integration algorithm had little impact, and mean pennation angle, and tract‐based FA and MD, were relatively insensitive to all parameters. The results demonstrate which muscle diffusion measures and architectural estimates are most sensitive to varying tractography settings and support the need for consistent reporting of tractography details to aid interpretation and comparison of results between studies.
Smoking Pack Years and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Sharma Arjun , MacDowell Sam , Punjabi Nihal , Kejriwal Sameer , Sharma Vikram , Inman Jared C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of smoking history on the risk of developing obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD).Study DesignCross‐sectional review.SettingNational database.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to present) was analyzed. OETD was defined as middle ear pressure less than −100 decapascals (daPa). Nonsmokers, current smokers, with tympanometry data were analyzed. Patients under the age of 18, with myringotomy tubes, or with a sinus problem/earache/cold in the past 24 hours were excluded. The relative risks (RRs) for developing OETD were calculated for nonsmokers versus smokers and those with greater versus less than 10, 20, and 30 pack years (py).ResultsA total of 9472 patients met inclusion criteria (54.1% female, 75.9% non‐Hispanic, mean age 43, 20.3% smokers). The RR of having OETD for smokers versus nonsmokers was 1.75 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45‐2.11]. The RR of having OETD for patients with a 10+ py was 1.97 [95% CI 1.57‐2.47], 20+ py was 2.29 [95% CI 1.76‐2.95], and 30 py or greater was 2.08 [95% CI 1.49‐2.90].ConclusionIn this study, smoking roughly doubled the risk of developing OETD, as represented by a single measurement of negative middle ear pressure less than −100 daPa. The definition of OETD used in this study was limited, as it did not include symptomology, and more work is needed to examine additional covariates. However, these results may guide future research to better counsel and screen patients for OETD.
Response‐adapted consolidation therapy strategy for patients with metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma: Results of the SMC NB‐2014 study
Authors: Seo Eun Seop , Lee Ji Won , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Cho Young Seok , Lee Sanghoon , Moon Seung Hwan , Yoo Keon Hee , Lim Do Hoon , Sung Ki Woong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto‐SCT) and incorporation of 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) treatment have shown positive outcomes in high‐risk neuroblastoma. However, more optimized treatment strategies are still needed.ProcedureThe NB‐2014 study was a nonrandomized, prospective trial that examined survival outcomes in metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma patients using response‐adapted consolidation therapy. We used post‐induction residual 123I‐MIBG status at metastatic sites as a treatment response marker. Patients achieving complete resolution of MIBG uptake at metastatic sites underwent a reduced first HDCT/auto‐SCT with a 20% dose reduction in HDCT. After the first HDCT/auto‐SCT, patients with remaining MIBG uptake received dose‐escalated (18 mCi/kg) 131I‐MIBG treatment. In contrast, those with complete resolution of MIBG at metastatic sites received a standard dose (12 mCi/kg) of 131I‐MIBG. We compared survival and toxicity outcomes with a historical control group from the NB‐2009.ResultsOf 65 patients treated, 63% achieved complete resolution of MIBG uptake at metastatic sites following induction chemotherapy, while 29% of patients still had MIBG uptake at metastatic sites after the first HDCT/auto‐SCT. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 68.2% ± 6.0% and 86.5% ± 4.5%, respectively. Compared to NB‐2009, EFS was similar (p = .855); however, NB‐2014 had a higher OS (p = .031), a lower cumulative incidence of treatment‐related mortality (p = .036), and fewer acute and late toxicities.ConclusionsOur results suggest that response‐adaptive consolidation therapy based on chemotherapy response at metastatic sites facilitates better treatment tailoring, and appears promising for patients with metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma.