bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predictive of inaccurate determination of horizontal extent of intestinal‐type early gastric cancers during endoscopic submucosal dissection: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Asada‐Hirayama Itsuko , Kodashima Shinya , Goto Osamu , Yamamichi Nobutake , Ono Satoshi , Niimi Keiko , Mochizuki Satoshi , Konno‐Shimizu Maki , Mikami‐Matsuda Rie , Minatsuki Chihiro , Takahashi Yu , Matsusaka Keisuke , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fukayama Masashi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundCertain tumor characteristics may pose challenges when endoscopically determining the horizontal extent of early gastric cancers (EGC). In the present study, clinicopathological features related to inaccurate endoscopic evaluation of horizontal extent of intestinal‐type EGC were analyzed.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed 431 lesions with intestinal‐type EGC treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at our hospital. We focused on whether pretreatment demarcation was accurate by comparing positional relationships between marking dots and tumor edges in resected specimens, and factors related to inaccurate evaluation were analyzed. Gender, age, tumor size, location, circumference, depth, ulceration, macroscopic type, presence of a flat (0‐IIb) component, predominant histological type, mixture of diffuse‐type adenocarcinoma, mixed histology, and use of magnification endoscopy with narrow band imaging were analyzed. Reasons for inaccurate evaluation were also investigated by re‐examining endoscopic images and prepared histological slides.ResultsRate of inaccurate evaluation of horizontal extent was 7.4% (32/431 lesions). Multivariate analysis revealed the following significant independent variables contributing to inaccurate endoscopic evaluation: presence of a flat component, large size, and predominant histological findings of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Re‐examination of prepared histological slides of inaccurately evaluated cases revealed a marginal flat spreading area in 28 of the 32 lesions (87.5%). In 14 of the 32 lesions (43.8%), tumor margins were composed of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsFor lesions with a flat component, large lesions, and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, determination of the horizontal extent can be challenging in EGC indicated for ESD, even with the best available endoscopic tools.
The use of U‐500 regular insulin in the management of patients with obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Jones P. , Idris I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe rise in prevalence of obesity and diabetes has created a challenge in managing increasing numbers of patients who require high doses of insulin. This article reviews the published literature on the properties of U‐500 insulin and its use in clinical practice. U‐500 insulin is likely to have a longer time to peak effect and a longer duration of action than similar doses of U‐100 insulin. Evidence for its use in clinical practice rests on retrospective case series, which suggests that the use of U‐500 insulin either by multiple daily injections or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is effective in improving glycaemic control. To prevent insulin dosing and administration errors, great care must be taken in providing staff and patient education, and in developing policies for the management of patients on U‐500 insulin who are admitted to hospital.
Baseline HbA1c predicts attainment of 7.0% HbA1c target with structured titration of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: a patient‐level analysis of 12 studies
Authors: Riddle M. C. , Vlajnic A. , Zhou R. , Rosenstock J. 
Published: March 2013

AimsTo determine whether baseline characteristics, especially haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), predict the likelihood of reaching HbA1c ≤ 7.0% or the risk of experiencing hypoglycaemia after the addition of insulin glargine to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes.MethodsPooled patient‐level data from 12 prospective, randomized, controlled studies that used insulin glargine in a treat‐to‐target titration regimen seeking fasting glucose levels ≤5.5 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) were analysed. Baseline characteristics were evaluated by logistic regression models as predictors of reaching a target HbA1c ≤ 7.0% or experiencing confirmed hypoglycaemia. The effect of prior glycaemic control was further explored by analysis of categorical ranges of baseline HbA1c.ResultsOf 2312 participants, 95% completed 24 weeks of treatment. Lower HbA1c at baseline was independently associated with reaching HbA1c target [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 1% difference: 0.538, p < 0.0001] and also with likelihood of experiencing confirmed hypoglycaemic events (adjusted OR: 0.835, p < 0.0001) at week 24. In an unadjusted analysis by baseline HbA1c range, the strong association between baseline control and attaining target HbA1c was confirmed (75% with baseline HbA1c < 8.0%, 60% with baseline HbA1c ≥ 8.0 and <9.0% and 38% with baseline HbA1c ≥ 9.0% attained HbA1c ≤ 7.0%). The incidence of hypoglycaemia confirmed <3.9 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) was higher in the lower baseline HbA1c ranges but severe hypoglycaemia was infrequent at all baseline HbA1c levels.ConclusionsSystematically titrated insulin glargine, added to oral agents, was effective over a wide range of baseline HbA1c. Lower baseline HbA1c was the best clinical predictor of achieving HbA1c ≤ 7.0% and also associated with higher risk of glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia was infrequent using this treatment approach.
Superior glycaemic control with once‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus insulin glargine in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral drugs: a randomized, controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Onishi Y. , Ono Y. , Rabøl R. , Endahl L. , Nakamura S. 
Published: March 2013

AimsThis phase 3, 26‐week, open‐label, treat‐to‐target trial investigated the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in insulin‐naïve Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsSubjects were randomized to once‐daily injections of IDegAsp (n = 147) or insulin glargine (IGlar) (n = 149), both ±≤2 oral antidiabetic treatments. IDegAsp was given before the largest meal at the discretion of each subject (and maintained throughout the trial); IGlar was dosed according to label. Both insulins were titrated to a target prebreakfast self‐measured plasma glucose of 3.9 to <5.0 mmol/l.ResultsAfter 26 weeks, mean HbA1c was 7% with IDegAsp and 7.3% with IGlar; superiority of IDegAsp to IGlar was shown (estimated treatment difference, ETD; IDegAsp–IGlar: –0.28% points [−0.46; –0.10]95% CI, p < 0.01). At end‐of‐trial, mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was similar for IDegAsp and IGlar (5.7 vs. 5.6 mmol/l; ETD IDegAsp–IGlar: 0.15 mmol/l [−0.29; 0.60]95% CI, p = NS). IDegAsp was associated with numerically lower rates of overall confirmed (27%) and nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia (25%) versus IGlar (estimated rate ratio IDegAsp/IGlar: 0.73 [0.50; 1.08]95% CI, p = NS, and 0.75 [0.34; 1.64]95% CI, p = NS, respectively). Mean daily insulin doses were similar between groups at end‐of‐trial (both: 0.41 U/kg) as were the increases in body weight from baseline (both: 0.7 kg). Adverse event profiles were similar between groups.ConclusionsIDegAsp provided superior long‐term glycaemic control compared to IGlar, with similar FPG and doses and numerically lower rates of overall and nocturnal hypoglycaemia (p = NS).
Reduced Right Ventricular Myocardial Strain in the Elite Athlete May Not Be a Consequence of Myocardial Damage. “Cream Masquerades as Skimmed Milk”
Authors: King Gerard , Almuntaser Ibrahim , Murphy Ross T , La Gerche Andre , Mahoney Nick , Bennet Kathleen , Clarke John , Brown Angela 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundLatest research shows that the lower resting values of right ventricular (RV) myocardial % strain may represent a physiologic change rather than subclinical myocardial damage. Therefore, we assessed load‐independent changes to the RV as a consequence of high intensity training by measuring the Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) of the free wall of the RV in conjunction with NT pro‐BNP measured by an electrochemiluminescence assay.MethodsSeventeen controls (mean age 27 ± 4), 24 soccer footballers (mean age 24 ± 4), and 18 elite rowers (mean age 22 ± 4) were studied. Left ventricular (LV) and RV % strain were measured using two‐dimensional (2D) speckle based automated functional imaging (AFI) software. RV free wall IVA was measured using pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler at the lateral tricuspid annulus. Standard 2D echo were used to measured RV parameters including the Tei index (systolic and diastolic function) and the total annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of the RV annulus. NT pro‐BNP was measured by an electrochemiluminescence assay.ResultsThe RV diameter was increased in the footballers and elite rowers compared with controls (P < 0.001). RV wall size was greater in the elite rowers compared with controls and footballers (P = 0.002). The peak IVA of the RV was higher in the rowers, compared with the footballers and to controls (P < 0.001). The mean LV and RV % myocardial strain were lower in the elite athletes and the footballers compared with controls (P < 0.001). There was no difference in RV Tei index, levels of BNP, and TAPSE across all subjects.ConclusionsThis study showed a significant increase in IVA of the RV of athletes despite reduced myocardial % strain and normal levels in NT‐proBNP. This suggests that the decrease in % strain is not a consequence of myocardial damage, but may represents a part of the physiological response to endurance exercise. Therefore, a reduced IVA in a remodeled RV could herald a pathological response.
Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Partial Posteromedial Papillary Muscle Rupture
Authors: Havins Jeremiah , Lick Scott , Boor Paul , Arora Harvinder , Ahmad Masood 
Published: March 2013

Mini‐AbstractA 60‐year‐old hypertensive male with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction had a hyperdynamic LV with mild posterior leaflet mitral valve prolapse without significant regurgitation on transthoracic echocardiogram. Two‐dimensional (2D) TEE showed severe mitral regurgitation with prolapse of P2 and P3 scallops. Posteromedial papillary muscle rupture was suspected. Three‐dimensional (3D) TEE demonstrated severely prolapsing P2 and P3 valve scallops with a clear view of the partially ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle. Patient underwent emergency coronary bypass and mitral valve replacement. Surgical pathology of papillary muscle confirmed coagulative necrosis. 3D TEE was superior in identifying the partial posteromedial papillary muscle rupture.
The evolution of species recognition in competitive and mating contexts: the relative efficacy of alternative mechanisms of character displacement
Authors: Okamoto Kenichi W. , Grether Gregory F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSympatric divergence in traits affecting species recognition can result from selection against cross‐species mating (reproductive character displacement, RCD) or interspecific aggression (agonistic character displacement, ACD). When the same traits are used for species recognition in both contexts, empirically disentangling the relative contributions of RCD and ACD to observed character shifts may be impossible. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for partitioning the effects of these processes. We show that when both mate and competitor recognition depend on the same trait, RCD sets the pace of character shifts. Moreover, RCD can cause divergence in competitor recognition, but ACD cannot cause divergence in mate recognition. This asymmetry arises because males with divergent recognition traits may avoid needless interspecific conflicts, but suffer reduced attractiveness to conspecific females. Therefore, the key empirical issue is whether the same or different traits are used for mate recognition and competitor recognition.
Consequences of defaunation for a tropical tree community
Authors: Harrison Rhett D , Tan Sylvester , Plotkin Joshua B. , Slik Ferry , Detto Matteo , Brenes Tania , Itoh Akira , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHunting affects a considerably greater area of the tropical forest biome than deforestation and logging combined. Often even large remote protected areas are depleted of a substantial proportion of their vertebrate fauna. However, understanding of the long‐term ecological consequences of defaunation in tropical forests remains poor. Using tree census data from a large‐scale plot monitored over a 15‐year period since the approximate onset of intense hunting, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the immediate consequences of defaunation for a tropical tree community. Our data strongly suggest that over‐hunting has engendered pervasive changes in tree population spatial structure and dynamics, leading to a consistent decline in local tree diversity over time. However, we do not find any support for suggestions that over‐hunting reduces above‐ground biomass or biomass accumulation rate in this forest. To maintain critical ecosystem processes in tropical forests increased efforts are required to protect and restore wildlife populations.
Competition avoidance drives individual differences in response to a changing food resource in sticklebacks
Authors: Laskowski Kate L. , Bell Alison M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWithin the same population, individuals often differ in how they respond to changes in their environment. A recent series of models predicts that competition in a heterogeneous environment might promote between‐individual variation in behavioural plasticity. We tested groups of sticklebacks in patchy foraging environments that differed in the level of competition. We also tested the same individuals across two different social groups and while alone to determine the social environment's influence on behavioural plasticity. In support of model predictions, individuals consistently differed in behavioural plasticity when the presence of conspecifics influenced the potential payoffs of a foraging opportunity. Whether individuals maintained their level of behavioural plasticity when placed in a new social group depended on the environmental heterogeneity. By explicitly testing predictions of recent theoretical models, we provide evidence for the types of ecological conditions under which we would expect, and not expect, variation in behavioural plasticity to be favoured.
The European Association of Young Neurologists and Trainees in 2013: striking a blow for European junior neurologists
Authors: Macerollo A. , Varga E. T. , Györfi O. , Kobeleva X. , Paterson R. W. , Sellner J. 
Published: March 2013

Background and purposeThe main objective of the European Association of Young Neurologists and Trainees (EAYNT), an independent Brussels‐based association of junior neurologists, is to represent and promote the interests of European junior neurologists.Methods and resultsA wide variety of projects and activities are ongoing, carried out by members of the organization in close collaboration with major European and National Neurology bodies. Most recently, we surveyed European junior neurologists about their views on the European Board of Neurology Examination, the status of e‐learning in postgraduate neurology training and migration patterns of young neurologists.ConclusionsThe aim of this paper is to outline the current and future activities of the EAYNT. We run a series of lectures (‘EAYNT special sessions’) at the major European conferences and disseminate information to young neurologists at the EAYNT booth. We provide information about travel grants, fellowships as well as sharing personal experiences of working abroad. EAYNT members have the opportunity to sit on the scientific subcommittees of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) and European Neurological Society (ENS), to chair poster sessions and review abstracts. Furthermore, we continue to provide a forum for young neurologists from all over Europe to network and socialize by means of get‐together events and hospital visits.
Structural and functional insight into the universal stress protein family
Authors: Tkaczuk Karolina L. , A. Shumilin Igor , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Evdokimova Elena , Savchenko Alexei , Minor Wladek 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present the crystal structures of two universal stress proteins (USP) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus and Nitrosomonas europaea in both apo‐ and ligand‐bound forms. This work is the first complete synthesis of the structural properties of 26 USP available in the Protein Data Bank, over 75% of which were determined by structure genomics centers with no additional information provided. The results of bioinformatic analyses of all available USP structures and their sequence homologs revealed that these two new USP structures share overall structural similarity with structures of USPs previously determined. Clustering and cladogram analyses, however, show how they diverge from other members of the USP superfamily and show greater similarity to USPs from organisms inhabiting extreme environments. We compared them with other archaeal and bacterial USPs and discuss their similarities and differences in context of structure, sequential motifs, and potential function. We also attempted to group all analyzed USPs into families, so that assignment of the potential function to those with no experimental data available would be possible by extrapolation.
Management and complications associated with treatment of cervical oesophageal perforations in horses
Authors: Kruger K. , Davis J. L. 
Published: March 2013

SummarySix horses were evaluated for colic and anorexia, choke or suspected oesophageal rupture with and without tracheal laceration. Clinical findings were variable, but a painful ventral neck swelling was noted in all cases. Two of the horses had signs of dehydration and sepsis. Additional findings included evidence of previous trauma over the trachea and oesophagus, ventral neck abscessation, choke and aspiration pneumonia. A diagnosis of oesophageal perforation was made using endoscopy. Two horses were subjected to euthanasia without treatment. All horses where treatment was attempted received debridement of the oesophageal perforation and surrounding tissues with or without surgical closure of the oesophageal defect. Other therapies included broad spectrum antimicrobials, anti‐inflammatory drugs, fluid and nutritional support as well as additional therapeutics for sepsis and individual complications. Complications included diverticulum formation, thrombophlebitis, diarrhoea, laryngeal hemiplegia, azotaemia, aspiration pneumonia, oesophageal obstruction, weight loss and laminitis. All 4 treated horses recovered from the oesophageal perforation and are able to eat a normal diet. Two of the 4 horses have had infrequent episodes of recurrent choke. Oesophageal rupture should be considered as a differential diagnosis for horses with a painful swelling of the ventral neck. With surgical debridement and adequate supportive care, oesophageal perforation cases can have a fair to good long‐term survival, although chronic complications can occur, therapy is prolonged, and a significant economic commitment is required.
Electrocardiogram‐based emotion recognition system using empirical mode decomposition and discrete Fourier transform
Authors: S Jerritta , Murugappan M , Wan Khairunizam , Yaacob Sazali 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEmotion recognition using physiological signals has gained momentum in the field of human computer–interaction. This work focuses on developing a user‐independent emotion recognition system that would classify five emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, surprise and disgust) and neutral state. The various stages such as design of emotion elicitation protocol, data acquisition, pre‐processing, feature extraction and classification are discussed. Emotional data were obtained from 30 undergraduate students by using emotional video clips. Power and entropy features were obtained in three ways – by decomposing and reconstructing the signal using empirical mode decomposition, by using a Hilbert–Huang transform and by applying a discrete Fourier transform to the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Statistical analysis using analysis of variance indicates significant differences among the six emotional states (p < 0.001). Classification results indicate that applying the discrete Fourier transform instead of the Hilbert transform to the IMFs provides comparatively better accuracy for all the six classes with an overall accuracy of 52%. Although the accuracy is less, it reveals the possibility of developing a system that could identify the six emotional states in a user‐independent manner using electrocardiogram signals. The accuracy of the system can be improved by investigating the power and entropy of the individual IMFs.
Flexural behaviour of UHTCC‐layered concrete composite beam subjected to static and fatigue loads
Authors: Liu W. , Xu S. , Li Q. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAs an engineered material, ultra‐high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) exhibits the characteristics of pseudo strain hardening and multiple cracking under uniaxial tension. It can be applied as the reinforcing and protective material of concrete structures. In this paper, static and fatigue flexural tests were carried out on UHTCC‐layered concrete composite beams, for which UHTCC layer was used on the tension side. Under both static and fatigue loads, plane section assumption was suitable for such composite beams, and a good bond strength was achieved between the two layers. For static specimens, the UHTCC layer enhanced the ductility of the concrete layer. While under cyclic loads, because of the reinforcing effect of UHTCC, more than one crack were formed in the concrete layer, which led to a ductile deformation. Furthermore, the fatigue damage process of the composite beam was analysed.