bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomorphic-centered classification of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Western China
Authors: Gao Jay , Li Xi-lai , Brierley Gary , Cheung Alan , Yang Yuan-wu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper a geomorphic-centered system was proposed for classifying the wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in western China, where the flora comprises primarily grasses. Although the geomorphic properties (e.g., elevation and morphology) of wetlands form the primary criteria of classification, this system also takes hydrological processes into implicit consideration. It represents an improvement over the hydrogeomorphic perspective as the relative importance of the two components (wetness and landform) of wetlands is clearly differentiated. This geomorphic-centered perspective yields insights into the hydrogeomorphic dynamics of plateau wetlands while indicates their vulnerability to change and degradation indirectly. According to this geomorphic-centered perspective, all plateau wetlands fall into one of the seven types of alpine, piedmont, valley, terrace, floodplain, lacustrine, and riverine in three elevational categories of upland, midland, and lowland. Upland (alpine and piedmont) wetlands with the steepest topography are the most sensitive to change whereas midland (floodplain, terrace and valley) wetlands are less vulnerable to degradation owing to a high water reserve except terrace wetlands. They have a dry surface caused by infrequent hydrological replenishment owing to their higher elevation than the channel. Low lying (lacustrine and riverine) wetlands are the most resilient. The geomorphic-centered perspective developed in this paper provides a framework for improving recognition and management of wetlands on the Plateau. Resilient wetlands can be grazed more intensively without the risk of degradation. Fragile and vulnerable wetlands require careful management to avoid degradation.
Analysis of longitudinal profiles along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Aiken Simon J. , Brierley Gary J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Resulting from the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is commonly known as the ‘roof of the world’. Collectively the Yarlung Tsangpo, Nu, Lancang, Yangtze, Yalong, and Yellow River basins drain the eastern margin of the plateau. In this paper, we utilize Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data to examine morphometric and relief attributes of these basins to reveal insights into tectonic activity and rates of incision. A robust technique using Matlab is proposed to alleviate errors associated with SRTM data in the derivation of river longitudinal profiles. Convex longitudinal profiles are interpreted to be a product of uplift rates that exceed rates of channel incision along the entire margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Highest relief towards the south reflects extensive fluvial incision. High relief is also prominent along major active faults. Erosion patterns are related to distance from knickpoints. Highest rates of erosion and incision are evident towards the south, with decreasing values towards the north, suggesting a link between tectonic activity and erosion.
The Effect of NaCl on the Krafft Temperature and Related Behavior of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Roy Jagadish Chandra , Islam Md. Nazrul , Aktaruzzaman Gazi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the effect of NaCl on the Krafft temperature (TK), surface adsorption and bulk micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solution. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB in the presence of NaCl increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. Thus, the CMC–temperature data can be represented by a bell‐shaped curve. The micellar dissociation (fraction of counterion binding) and energetic parameters (free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes) of both adsorption and micellization were calculated. The processes were found to be both enthalpy and entropy controlled and appeared to be more and more enthalpy driven with increasing temperature. An enthalpy–entropy compensation rule was observed for both adsorption and micelle formation. The TK of the surfactant decreased significantly in the presence of NaCl, which is a sharp contrast to the usual behavior of the effect of electrolytes on the TK of classical ionic surfactants. The surface excess concentrations decreased with increasing temperature. However, the values were much higher in the presence of NaCl compared to the corresponding values in pure water. The solubilization behavior of a water‐insoluble dye, Sudan red B (SRB), in the micellar system was studied by the UV–visible spectrophotometric technique. The molar solubilization ratio in the presence of NaCl was found to be about three times higher than that in pure water, indicating that the solubilization of SRB in the CTAB micelles significantly increases in the presence of NaCl.
Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes Partially Attenuates the Effects of a High‐Fat Diet on Liver and Brain Fatty Acid Composition in Mice
Authors: Levant Beth , Ozias Marlies K. , Guilford Brianne L. , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe current study addresses the effects of a high‐fat diet on liver and brain fatty acid compositions and the interaction of that diet with diabetes in a type 1 mouse model. Adult, male, normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice were fed standard (14 % kcal from fat) or high‐fat (54 % kcal from fat, hydrogenated vegetable shortening and corn oil) diets for 8 weeks. Liver and whole brain total phospholipid fatty acid compositions were then determined by TLC/GC. In the liver of non‐diabetic mice, the high‐fat diet increased the percentages of 18:1n‐9, 20:4n‐6, and 22:5n‐6 and decreased 18:2n‐6 and 22:6n‐3. Diabetes increased 16:0 in liver, and decreased 18:1n‐7 and 20:4n‐6. The effects of the high‐fat diet on liver phospholipids in diabetic mice were similar to those in non‐diabetic mice, or were of smaller magnitude. In the brain, the high‐fat diet increased 18:0 and 20:4n‐6 of non‐diabetic, but not diabetic mice. Brain 22:5n‐6 acid was increased by the high‐fat diet in both non‐diabetic and diabetic mice, but this increase was smaller in diabetic mice. Diabetes alone did not alter the percentage of any individual fatty acid in brain. This indicates that the effects of a high‐fat diet on liver and brain phospholipid fatty acid compositions are partially attenuated by concomitant hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia.
Information systems for collaborating versus transacting: Impact on manufacturing plant performance in the presence of demand volatility⋆
Authors: Saldanha Terence J.V. , Melville Nigel P. , Ramirez Ronald , Richardson Vernon J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch at the nexus of operations management and information systems suggests that manufacturing plants may benefit from the utilization of information systems for collaborating and transacting with suppliers and customers. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which value generated by information systems for collaborating versus transacting is contingent upon demand volatility. We analyze a unique dataset assembled from non‐public U.S. Census Bureau data of manufacturing plants. Our findings suggest that when faced with volatile demand, plants employing information systems for collaborating with suppliers and customers experience positive and significant benefits to performance, in terms of both labor productivity and inventory turnover. In contrast, results suggest that plants employing information systems for transacting in volatile environments do not experience such benefits. Further exploratory analysis suggests that in the context of demand volatility, these two distinct dimensions of IT‐based integration have differing performance implications at different stages of the production process in terms of raw‐materials inventory and finished‐goods inventory, but not in terms of work‐in‐process inventory. Taken together, our study contributes to theoretical and managerial understanding of the contingent value of information systems in volatile demand conditions in the supply chain context.
Drivers and outcomes of open‐standard interorganizational information systems assimilation in high‐technology supply chains
Authors: Sodero Anníbal C. , Rabinovich Elliot , Sinha Rajiv K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn recent years, firms in high‐technology supply chains have established internet‐based electronic linkages with their trading partners. As a result, they have improved their ability to coordinate and synchronize shared business processes by using more complete, accurate, and timely information. These electronic linkages are based on open‐standard interorganizational information systems (OSIOS), which are fundamentally different from traditional electronic data interchanges. OSIOS capture not only the technical specifications for data interchange but also the sequential steps for the execution of shared business processes. Because OSIOS are still at an early diffusion stage, it remains unclear why firms would assimilate such an innovation and whether assimilation provides firms any benefits. In this research, we develop a framework grounded on the economics of standards, institutional theory, and strategic interorganizational information systems literatures to investigate the drivers and outcomes of OSIOS assimilation in a focused context. In order to test our hypotheses based on this framework, we used data from a high‐technology supply chain and employed econometrics techniques. We found that both competition asymmetry across supply chain echelons and OSIOS assimilation within supply chain echelons predict individual firms’ OSIOS assimilation. The results also suggest that firms’ supply chain dominance is both a driver and an outcome of OSIOS assimilation, highlighting a mutually reinforcing process. In addition, our study reveals boundary conditions of the hypothesized relationships. The use of multiple theoretical perspectives, a unique dataset, and innovative statistical techniques to investigate OSIOS assimilation in high‐technology supply chains contributes to the body of knowledge in both the supply chain management and management of information systems disciplines.
Information systems and technology sourcing strategies of e‐Retailers for value chain enablement
Authors: Tsai Juliana Y. , Raghu T.S. , Shao Benjamin B.M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the e‐Retail industry, a well‐designed IT infrastructure is essential in creating a tightly integrated value chain and delivering high quality service. With intense competition for market share and profits, information systems and technology (IST) sourcing decisions are becoming increasingly important to e‐Retail firms to support continued growth and market responsiveness. Drawing on the contingency theory, we examine organizational and environmental factors that influence an e‐Retailer's IST sourcing strategy of make versus buy in enabling its value chain activities, and we also look at firm‐level performance impacts of IST sourcing decisions that involve bundling across value chain activities. We test the proposed model and hypotheses using a panel data set of 307 firms over the period of 2006–2010. The results show that firms that make transformative IT investments tend to source a smaller portion of IST for their e‐Retail value chain activities than firms that pursue automate or informate as their strategic role for IT investment. Capabilities are positively associated with IST sourcing. Firms experienced in e‐Retail are more likely to build rather than buy their IST. In addition, we find mimicking behavior for IST sourcing among firms in the same merchandizer category. We find that IT strategic role is strongly associated with growth metric, whereas sourcing decisions predominantly impact operational performance measures. There is partial evidence that alignment between IT strategic role and IST sourcing decisions results in better performance effects. Moreover, complementary IST sourcing of synergistic marketing and sales activities positively impacts Web sales and conversion rate, but the sourcing combination of logistics, operations, and sales activities is associated with lower Web sales and conversion rate.
The impact of supply‐side electronic integration on customer service performance
Authors: Xue Ling , Ray Gautam , Sambamurthy Vallabh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlthough information technologies have been expected to directly enhance firm performance in specific value chain activities (e.g., supplier performance or customer service performance), their advanced capabilities offer the promise of organizational integration and spill‐over benefits. Enterprise systems provide firms with platforms for electronically integrating their supplier and demand chain activities. Spill‐over benefits refer to the impacts that occur when IT investments in one organizational domain benefit performance in a different value chain side of the firm. Supply‐side electronic integration (SEI) refers to the use of electronic means to integrate the exchange of information and transactions with suppliers through enterprise systems. In our research, we examine whether SEI generates spill‐over effects on customer service performance, over and beyond firms’ direct investments in customer‐side digitization. We also examine whether structural attributes of the firm (e.g., vertical integration, diversification, and centralization) moderate the effects of supply‐side electronic integration on customer service performance. Our analysis of a secondary dataset of InformationWeek 500 firms shows that SEI helps firms realize cost‐savings in their customer service performance, especially if they are less vertically integrated. In addition, SEI investments help diversified and centralized firms achieve cross‐selling with their customers. We also find that SEI is more likely to help decentralized and diversified firms achieve customization in their customer service activities. These results suggest that SEI helps firms achieve twin goals in customer service: cost reduction and revenue expansion. Overall, our research reveals how supply‐side electronic integration could generate benefits in customer service performance in firms.
Insight into Age and Growth of Northern Snakehead in the Potomac River
Authors: Odenkirk John , Lim Catherine , Owens Steve , Isel Mike 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A Northern Snakehead Channa argus population was documented in the Potomac River system in 2004. Since that time, the population has expanded in range and number, yet relatively little is known about key population variables including age and growth. Lack of known-age fish with which to compare otoliths from the sampled population has hindered verification, and Northern Snakehead otoliths can be difficult to interpret. We compared growth increments (mm/d) of recaptured fish marked with T-bar anchor tags (n = 51; mean time at large, 310 d [SD = 302]) to otolith annuli from fish sacrificed in 2011 and 2012 (n = 192). While immersed (solution of 80% water and 20% glycerin) otolith transverse perspectives were viewed “cracked” with transmitted light. Readings from fish aged 1–4 years suggested initial growth was much faster than previously reported, but length at age was highly variable. Annual growth increments for fish aged 1–4 (mean length at age of fish, respectively: 394, 563, 644, and 721 mm TL) were converted to estimated daily growth (mm/d), which was reasonably similar to the daily growth of recaptured tagged fish. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 780, K = 0.48, and t 0 = −0.56, where L∞ is the asymptotic length, K is a growth coefficient, and t 0 is a time coefficient at which length would theoretically be zero. The implications of rapid growth include the potential for the earlier onset of sexual maturity, which could represent enhanced chances for successful colonization.
Received November 20, 2012; accepted May 15, 2013
Innovative Technique for the Placement of the Drainage Tube for Microendoscopic Spinal Decompression
Authors: Mizuno Kentaro , Mikami Yasuo , Hase Hitoshi , Ikeda Takumi , Nagae Masateru , Tonomura Hitoshi , Shirai Toshiharu , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: July 2013

Study Design:
A technical note and retrospective study.

Objectives:
The objectives were to describe a new method of drainage tube placement during microendoscopic spinal decompression, and compare the positioning and fluid discharge obtained with this method and the conventional method.

Summary of Background Data:
To prevent postoperative epidural hematoma after microendoscopic decompression, a drainage tube must be placed in a suitable location. However, the narrow operative field makes precise control of the position of the tube technically difficult. We developed a method to reliably place the tube in the desired location.

Materials and Methods:
We use a Deschamps aneurysm needle with a slightly curved tip, which we call a drain passer. With the microendoscope in position, the drain passer, with a silk thread passed through the eye at the needle tip, is inserted percutaneously into the endoscopic field of view. The drainage tube is passed through the loop of silk thread protruding from the inside of the tubular retractor, and the thread is pulled to the outside, guiding the end of the drainage tube into the wound. This method was used in 23 cases at 44 intervertebral levels (drain passer group), and the conventional method in 20 cases at 32 intervertebral levels (conventional group). Postoperative plain radiographs were taken, and the amount of fluid discharge at postoperative hour 24 was measured.

Results:
Drainage tube positioning was favorable at 43 intervertebral levels (97.7%) in the drain passer group and 26 intervertebral levels (81.3%) in the conventional group. Mean fluid discharge was 58.4±32.2 g in the drain passer group and 38.4±23.0 g in the conventional group. Positioning was significantly better and fluid discharge was significantly greater in the drain passer group.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that this method is a useful drainage tube placement technique for preventing postoperative epidural hematoma.
Reliability and Usefulness of Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Imaging by Mobile C-Arm With Flat-Panel Detector
Authors: Fujimori Takahito , Iwasaki Motoki , Nagamoto Yukitaka , Kashii Masafumi , Takao Masaki , Sugiura Tsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: July 2013

Study Design:
Reliability and agreement study.

Objective:
To assess the reliability of intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging with a mobile C-arm (3D C-arm) equipped with a flat-panel detector.

Summary of Background Data:
Pedicle screws are widely used in spinal surgery. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) is the most reliable method to detect screw misplacement. Recent advances in imaging devices have enabled surgeons to acquire 3D images of the spine during surgery. However, the reliability of these imaging devices is not known.

Methods:
A total of 203 screws were used in 22 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for scoliosis. Screw position was read twice with a 3D C-arm and twice with CT in a blinded manner by 2 independent observers. Screw positions were classified into 4 categories at every 2 mm and then into 2 simpler categories of acceptable or unacceptable. The degree of agreement with respect to screw positions between the double readings was evaluated by κ value. With unanimous agreement between 2 observers regarding postoperative CT readings considered the gold standard, the sensitivity of the 3D C-arm for determining screw misplacement was calculated.

Results:
A total 804 readings were performed. For the 4-category classification, the mean κ value for the 2 interobserver readings was 0.52 for the 3D C-arm and 0.46 for CT. For the 2-category classification, the mean κ value for the 2 interobserver readings was 0.80 for the 3D C-arm and 0.66 for CT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of intraoperative imaging with the 3D C-arm were 70%, 95%, 44%, and 98%, respectively. With respect to screws with perforation ≥4 mm, the sensitivity was 83%. No revision surgery was performed.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative imaging with a 3D C-arm was reliable for detecting screw misplacement and helpful in decreasing the rate of revision surgery for screw misplacement.
Restoration recovers population structure and landscape genetic connectivity in a dispersal‐limited ecosystem
Authors: Reynolds Laura K. , Waycott Michelle , McGlathery Karen J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryEcological restoration assists the recovery of degraded ecosystems; however, restoration can have deleterious effects such as outbreeding depression when source material is not chosen carefully and has non‐local adaptations.We surveyed 23 eelgrass (Zostera marinaL.) populations along the North American Atlantic coast to evaluate genetic structure and connectivity among restored and naturally recruited populations.While populations along the North America Atlantic coast were genetically distinctive, significant migration was detected among populations. All estimates of connectivity (FST, migration rate base on rare alleles, and Bayesian modelling) showed a general north to south pattern of migration, corresponding to the typical long‐shore currents in this region.Individual naturally recruited meadows in the Virginia coastal bays appear to be the result of dispersal from different meadows north of the region. This supports the hypothesis that recruitment into this region is typically a slow, episodic process rather than a permanent, continuous connection between the populations.While natural recovery of populations that were catastrophically lost in the 1930s has been slow, large‐scale seed‐based restoration has been very successful at quickly restoring landscape‐scale areal coverage (over 1600 ha in just 10 years). Our results show that restoration was also successful at restoring meadows with high genetic diversity. Naturally recruited meadows were less diverse and exhibited signs of genetic drift.Synthesis. Our analyses demonstrate that metapopulation dynamics are important to the natural recovery of seagrass ecosystems that have experienced catastrophic loss over large spatial scales; however, natural recovery processes are slow and inefficient at recovering genetic diversity and population structure when recruitment barriers exist, such as a limited seed source. Seed‐based restoration provides a greater abundance of propagules, rapidly facilitates the recovery of populations with higher genetic diversity, and when seed sources are chosen carefully protects regional genetic structure. First‐order estimates indicated that the genetic diversity achieved by active restoration in 10 years would have otherwise taken between 125 and 185 years to achieve through natural recruitment events.
Predicting the optimal depth of left‐sided central venous catheters in children
Authors: Kim H. , Jeong C‐H. , Byon H‐J. , Shin H. K. , Yun T. J. , Lee J‐H. , Park Y‐H. , Kim J‐T. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to predict the optimal depth for insertion of a left‐sided central venous catheter in children. Using 3D chest computed tomography angiography, we measured the distance from a point where the internal jugular vein is at the superior border of the clavicle, and from a point where the subclavian vein is inferior to the anterior border of the clavicle, to the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium in 257 children. Linear regression analysis revealed that the distances correlated with age, weight and height. Simple formulae for the depth of a central venous catheter via the left internal jugular vein (0.07 × height (cm)) and the left subclavian vein (0.08 × height (cm)) were developed to predict placement of the central venous catheter tip at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium. Using these fomulae, the proportion of catheter tips predicted to be correctly located was 98.5% (95% CI 96.8–100%) and 94.0% (95% CI 90.8–97.3%), respectively.