bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Cardiovascular Drugs and Chronic Kidney Disease in Non‐Institutionalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Becquemont Laurent , Bauduceau Bernard , Benattar‐Zibi Linda , Berrut Gilles , Bertin Philippe , Bucher Sophie , Corruble Emmanuelle , Danchin Nicolas , al‐Salameh Abdallah , Derumeaux Geneviève , Doucet Jean , Falissard Bruno , Forette Francoise , Hanon Olivier , Pasquier Florence , Pinget Michel , Ourabah Rissane , Piedvache Celine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractConcern about the renal safety of commonly used cardiovascular drugs with demonstrated clinical benefit appears to be an obstacle to their use in the elderly. The objective was to describe the relationship between cardiovascular drugs and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in elderly individuals in the real‐life setting. This is an ancillary study of the prospective non‐interventional S.AGE (aged individuals) cohort. General physicians were free to prescribe any drug their patients needed. The participants were non‐institutionalized patients aged 65 years and older treated by their primary physician for either chronic pain or atrial fibrillation or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from the CKD‐EPI formula was determined at inclusion and every year during 2 years of follow‐up. This study comprised 2505 patients aged 77.8 ± 6.2 years. At inclusion, the factors associated with CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in multivariate analysis were age, female gender, hypertension, heart failure, history of atherothrombotic disease and renin angiotensin system blockers, loop diuretics and calcium channel inhibitors. Introduction of each of these three drug classes during the follow‐up period led to only a small decrease in the eGFR: −3.8 ± 12.7 (p < 0.0006), −2.2 ± 12.0 (p < 0.003) and −1.0 ± 13.4 ml/min./1.73 m2 (NS), respectively. Only the introduction of loop diuretics was associated with CKD (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.25–2.90; p = 0.002). Renal safety of cardiovascular drugs in the elderly appears acceptable and should not be a barrier to their use.
Quality of life and psychosocial impact of scarring and non‐scarring alopecia in women
Authors: Katoulis Alexandros C. , Christodoulou Christos , Liakou Aikaterini I. , Kouris Anargyros , Korkoliakou Panagiota , Kaloudi Eythymia , Kanelleas Antonios , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Rigopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia is a common dermatological condition with mostly cosmetic consequences that, nevertheless, has significant psychological and psychosocial impact.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of alopecia on quality of life and certain psychological domains and to compare it between scarring and non‐scarring alopecia in Greek adult women.Patients and methodsForty‐four women, aged 18–70 years, with scarring (n = 19) or non‐scarring alopecia (n = 25) were recruited. All patients were evaluated by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale (RSES) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA‐LS).ResultsWomen with scarring alopecia had higher scores in DLQI, HADS and UCLA‐ LS and lower scores in RSES, compared to women with non‐scarring alopecia. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was documented for DLQI (p = 0.0067), HADS (p = 0.0008), and HADS‐Anxiety (HADS‐A) (p < 0.05) and HADS‐Depression (HADS‐D) (p < 0.01) subscales.ConclusionsThe psychological burden is heavier and quality of life is more severely impaired among women with scarring alopecia compared with non‐scarring alopecia, probably depicting the poorer prognosis of the former.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of adding pharmacists to primary care teams to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simpson S. H. , Lier D. A. , Majumdar S. R. , Tsuyuki R. T. , Lewanczuk R. Z. , Spooner R. , Johnson J. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdding pharmacists to primary care teams significantly improved blood pressure control and reduced predicted 10–year cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes. This pre‐specified sub‐study evaluated the economic implications of this cardiovascular risk reduction strategy.MethodsOne‐year outcomes and healthcare utilization data from the trial were used to determine cost‐effectiveness from the public payer perspective. Costs were expressed in 2014 Canadian dollars and effectiveness was based on annualized risk of cardiovascular events derived from theUKPDSRisk Engine.ResultsThe 123 evaluable trial patients included in this analysis had a mean age of 62 ( ± 11) years, 38% were men, and mean diabetes duration was 6 ( ± 7) years. Pharmacists provided 3.0 ( ± 1.9) hours of additional service to each intervention patient, which cost $226 ( ± $1143) per patient. The overall one‐year per‐patient costs for healthcare utilization were $190 lower in the intervention group compared with usual care [95% confidence interval (CI): ‐$1040, $668). Intervention patients had a significant 0.3% greater reduction in the annualized risk of a cardiovascular event (95%CI: 0.08%, 0.6%) compared with usual care. In the cost‐effectiveness analysis, the intervention dominated usual care in 66% of 10 000 bootstrap replications. At a societal willingness‐to‐pay of $4000 per 1% reduction in annual cardiovascular risk, the probability that the intervention was cost‐effective compared with usual care reached 95%. A sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation to replace missing data produced similar results.ConclusionsWithin a randomized trial, adding pharmacists to primary care teams was a cost‐effective strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes. In most circumstances, this intervention may also be cost saving.
Salinity and geomorphology drive long‐term changes to local and regional fish assemblage attributes in the lower Pecos River, Texas
Authors: Cheek Christopher A. , Taylor Christopher M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRiver systems throughout arid regions worldwide have been heavily impacted by human activities, resulting in long‐term ecological consequences. The lower Pecos River in the Trans‐Pecos region of Texas is no exception, having undergone anthropogenic changes that include decreased flow, elevated salinity, species loss and species invasion. We compared historical and contemporary fish assemblage attributes from the Pecos River at local (site‐specific) and regional (Trans‐Pecos region) scales across a 24‐year time period. Fish assemblage data were collected in October 1987 and 2011, by seining at 15 sites spanning 430 km of the river in Texas. Additionally, we examined contemporary environmental conditions to determine species–environment relationships. We found that fish assemblages were significantly different between time periods, likely due to increased salinisation in the upper half of the study region. Decreased species richness, species replacement and increases in euryhaline species were documented in the upstream sites. Freshwater springs lower the salinity and maintain flows in the downstream reach, allowing for maintenance of the native fish fauna. Careful management of regional aquifers, irrigation practices and petroleum waste water will be necessary for protecting biodiversity and environmental flows in the lower Pecos River.
A database survey of equine tumours in the United Kingdom
Authors: Knowles E. J. , Tremaine W. H. , Pearson G. R. , Mair T. S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studySurvey data on equine tumours are sparse compared with other species and may have changed over time.ObjectivesTo describe the most frequently diagnosed equine tumours recorded by a diagnostic pathology laboratory over 29 years, to identify background factors associated with tumour type, and to identify any changes in the tumours diagnosed or the background of cases submitted during the study period.Study designObservational; cross‐sectional analysis of records of a diagnostic pathology laboratory.MethodsThe records of all neoplastic equine histology submissions to the University of Bristol (January 1982–December 2010) were accessed from a database, and a list of diagnoses compiled. The 6 most commonly diagnosed tumour types were analysed using logistic regression to identify background factors associated with tumour type. The overall population of equine tumour submissions and the relative frequency of diagnosis of the most common tumour types were compared between decades.ResultsThere were 964 cases included. The most frequently diagnosed tumours were: sarcoid (24% cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (19%), lymphoma (14%), melanoma (6%), gonadal stromal tumour (6%) and mast cell tumour (MCT) (4%). With sarcoid, Thoroughbred/Thoroughbred cross and gelding as reference categories: increasing age was significantly associated with the odds of each of the other tumour types, mares were at reduced risk of SCC, Arab/Arab cross had a higher risk of MCT, Cob/Cob cross had an increased risk of SCC and MCT, and ponies had an increased risk of melanoma. The mean age of submissions increased in each successive decade and the breed composition became broader. Sarcoids and lymphoma formed a smaller proportion of diagnoses in later decades.ConclusionsThe types of tumours submitted to this laboratory have changed over the last 3 decades. Current data inform clinicians and researchers and further studies are warranted to follow trends.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
The Resource Center for Separating and Divorcing Families: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on A Collaborative and Child‐Focused Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution
Authors: Taylor Melinda , Harper Stacy , Jurecko Lori , Melowsky Julie , Towler Chelsea 
Published: January 2015

The Resource Center for Separating and Divorcing Families (RCSDF) is a teaching model for providing interdisciplinary services to separating and divorcing families. The model was developed by the Honoring Families Initiative at the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System at the University of Denver. Services are provided by graduate and law students at the University of Denver, working side‐by‐side with a supervising licensed attorney, psychologist, and social worker. The experiential and interdisciplinary model of teaching and providing direct client services is the first of its kind in the United States. RCSDF students and staff seek to empower parents to make positive decisions about their family's future in a supportive and educational environment.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The current system of preparing graduate and law students for careers in family law is in need of improvement. This article provides information for educators and the family law community about the impact of interdisciplinary and experiential learning for students.
Parents going through the transition of separation or divorce experience psychological and financial stressors that can create serious behavioral and adjustment issues for their children. The RCSDF works in a holistic manner with parents and children to minimize the levels of stress and anxiety during the transition.
Reforming Relocation Law: An Evidence‐Based Approach
Authors: Parkinson Patrick , Cashmore Judy 
Published: January 2015

In recent years, there has been much discussion within international fora about the need for a greater consensus on how to approach relocation cases. Empirical research on the lived experience of parents and children who have been through relocation disputes has an important role to play in providing an evidence base for decisions on policy. In this article, we summarize the findings of a 5‐year prospective longitudinal study of relocation disputes in Australia and make recommendations in the light of this and other research evidence concerning a new approach to relocation law. We argue that there should be no presumptions. Nonetheless there is an appropriate place for legislative or appellate guidance on how to approach these disputes. “Good faith” should be irrelevant to decision making, and children should not be placed in the center of the conflict. The adjudication of relocation disputes should be on the basis of asking three questions: First, how close is the relationship between the nonresident parent and the child and how important is that relationship developmentally to the child? Second, if the relocation is to be permitted, how viable are the proposals for contact with the nonresident parent? Third, if the relationship between the child and the nonresident parent is developmentally important to the child and is likely to be diminished if the move is allowed, then (a) what are the viable alternatives to the parents living a long distance apart? and (b) is a move with the primary caregiver the least detrimental alternative?
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Describes the findings of empirical research on relocation disputes in Australia on the lived experience of children and families postrelocation disputes. Reviews various features of relocation law and proposals for reform in the light of this research evidence. Proposes an approach to deciding relocation cases based upon three essential questions.
Reforming Relocation Law: A Reply to Prof. Thompson
Authors: Parkinson Patrick , Cashmore Judy 
Published: January 2015

This article provides a response to Prof. Thomson's critique, noting many points of agreement and also the broader consensus that is emerging among experts in the field. The research evidence, and the wider body of knowledge on children's well‐being generally, supports the proposition that relocation is a risk factor for children after parental separation but provides no support for a general presumption either in favor of, nor against, relocation. Nor should it be assumed that the interests of children are the same as those of their primary caregiver. We defend our three questions arguing the need in an adult‐centric debate to focus resolutely on children's interests rather than on adult rights. Both Prof. Thompson's approach and our own involve guided decision making with the child's best interests as the paramount consideration—his through weak presumptions based upon research about how judges respond to relocation issues and ours through focused questions based on research on how parents and children respond to relocations issues. We do not consider that codifying the existing practices of the courts represents real reform. We identify various risks involved in using presumptions, but note that, in jurisdictions with limited publicly funded resources for individual case assessment, presumptions, burdens or guidelines may be needed to offer rough justice to impecunious parents.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Notes points of emerging agreement on relocation within the research community
Explores the differences between the use of presumptions and focused questions and highlights the role of empirical research of the lived experience of children and families postrelocation disputes
Identifies how the level of public resourcing for the family law system may impact upon decisions about the substance of the law concerning relocation
A Mentalizing‐Based Approach to Family Mediation: Harnessing Our Fundamental Capacity to Resolve Conflict and Building an Evidence‐Based Practice for the Field*
Authors: Howieson Jill , Priddis Lynn 
Published: January 2015

This article presents the results of a research study into mentalizing in family mediation. The study employed a mixed‐method approach, which included quantitative and qualitative empirical analysis of mediation transcripts and postmediation surveys. The research identified that, when the mediators adopted a mentalizing stance to facilitate the parties to engage their mentalizing capacities and, in particular, to mentalize for the child, the mediation process became more constructive and meaningful. The article makes recommendations for incorporating a mentalizing‐based approach into the research and education of mediation and building an evidence‐based practice for the field.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Empirical evidence into the interventions used in family mediation
Introducing a mentalizing‐based approach to practice
Creating an environment for constructive family dispute resolution
Methods to keep the best interests of the child in mind in mediation
Does Level of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Predict the Content of Family Mediation Agreements?
Authors: Rossi Fernanda S. , Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy , Applegate Amy G. 
Published: January 2015

This study investigated whether reported levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or abuse (IPV/A) victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues. Whether or not parties reached agreement was analyzed for 105 cases at a law school mediation clinic. Agreement content was coded for the 71 cases that reached agreement. Levels of IPV and IPV/A were determined separately for males and females, using a standardized measure. Regression models were utilized to examine reports of IPV or IPV/A as predictors. Results indicated that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns; levels of partner violence/abuse predicted numerous issues in mediation agreements, including arrangements regarding legal custody, parenting time, holidays, child exchanges, interparental communication, safety restrictions, counseling referrals, child support, financial arrangements, and other miscellaneous topics (e.g., relocation). However, some findings were consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A; for example, increasing levels of male‐perpetrated IPV/A predicted increased likelihood of making an agreement to share legal custody. Further research is needed to resolve the longstanding debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
This study adds to the debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.
It examines whether reported levels of IPV and IPV/A victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues.
Results provide some evidence that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns.
However, some findings are consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A.
Findings have implications for the practice of family mediation with parties reporting a history of IPV or IPV/A.
The effects of increased flow and fine sediment on hyporheic invertebrates and nutrients in stream mesocosms
Authors: Jones Iwan , Growns Ivor , Arnold Amanda , McCall Stephanie , Bowes Mike 
Published: January 2015

Summary

River regulation and altered land use are two common anthropogenic disturbances in rivers worldwide. Alteration of the stream bed, through processes such as siltation, or of hydrology through river regulation, are likely to modify hyporheic processes or clog interstitial space and thereby affect both hyporheic invertebrates and nutrient dynamics.

We tested the separate and combined effects of increased flow and increased fine sediment on hyporheic water quality and invertebrates in flume mesocosms. Each mesocosm contained two bed sediment types: clean sediment in the upstream section and experimentally colmated (EC) sediment (10% by weight of fine sediment) in the downstream section. Two flow rates were established, a higher flow rate to create turbulent flow in six mesocosms and a lower flow rate to create a transitional flow between turbulent and laminar flows in the remaining six mesocosms. Invertebrates and physicochemistry were sampled after 30 days at three depths (5, 11 and 18 cm), and the flows in six of twelve mesocosms were switched. The experiment was concluded after sampling invertebrates and physicochemistry on day 70.

The addition of fine sediment to the mesocosm bed generally increased ammonium and decreased nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations, decreased oxygen penetration and altered invertebrate assemblage structure. Increased flow rates generally lowered ammonium concentrations, increased soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations, increased oxygen penetration and altered invertebrate assemblage structure. Our hypothesis that higher flows would ameliorate any effects of added fine sediment was generally supported for oxygen penetration and nitrate concentration. However, we observed no differences in interaction effects of flow regime and sediment type either on other nutrient concentrations or invertebrate assemblage structure.

The rates of flow used in our mesocosms did not appear to reach the threshold required to remove fine sediment. It is generally recognised that river hyporheic restoration requires a set of objectives against which the outcomes can be measured yet this is often overlooked. Our research provides preliminary guidelines that small amounts of fine sediment can have deleterious ecological effects. However, further research is required to evaluate whether lower percentages of bed fine sediment result in ecological impairment and to determine what flow rates are required to ameliorate colmation impacts.
Future increase in temperature may stimulate litter decomposition in temperate mountain streams: evidence from a stream manipulation experiment
Authors: Ferreira Verónica , Canhoto Cristina 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Small woodland streams constitute the majority of water courses in many catchments. Given their generally low water temperature, high surface : volume ratio and primarily heterotrophic nature, such streams can be strongly affected by increases in temperature. It is therefore important to assess how stream communities and processes respond to the global warming projected for this century.

We assessed the effects of a c. 3 °C experimental warming of stream water on decomposition of Quercus robur leaf litter and on the associated fungal biomass (ergosterol concentration), sporulation rates of aquatic hyphomycetes, and total macroinvertebrate and shredder abundance in spring, autumn and winter.

A mountain stream reach in central Portugal was divided longitudinally over 22 m with local stones. The study followed a before‐after control‐impact design, with both stream halves at ambient temperature during 1 year and one stream half being experimentally warmed in the second year.

Experimental warming of stream water stimulated litter decomposition only in winter, probably because at that time, the low natural temperature limited microbial activities. The effect of experimental warming did not depend on the presence of macroinvertebrates. Contrary to expectations, no significant effect of experimental warming was found on fungal biomass accrual, sporulation rate of aquatic hyphomycetes or macroinvertebrate abundance on decomposing litter.

Although the stimulation of litter decomposition in winter could lead to food depletion, this is unlikely when streams are subsidised by more recalcitrant leaves such as oak, which enter the stream in later winter and decompose slowly.