bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic divergence in the rut vocalizations of Persian and European fallow deer
Authors: Stachowicz J. B. , Vannoni E. , Pitcher B. J. , Briefer E. F. , Geffen E. , McElligott A. G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe conducted a study of the male rut vocalizations (groans) of two closely related species, Persian and European fallow deer. Persian fallow deer are endangered, restricted to Iran and Israel, and their rut vocalizations have never been studied. By contrast, European fallow deer are one of the most common deer species in the world, and have been the subject of numerous detailed studies. Persian bucks are approximately 16% larger than European bucks, and this can have important implications for vocalizations. Persian bucks were recorded in Israel, and European bucks were recorded in the UK and Ireland. We measured temporal, fundamental frequency‐related and formant‐related parameters of groans and determined which acoustic parameters differed among species and populations. The comparisons revealed important structural similarities and differences, with the differences more strongly related to temporal than spectral vocal parameters. Persian buck groans were relatively long, pulsed calls of almost 1‐s duration, with low fundamental frequencies, and relatively weak formant modulation. European buck groans were much shorter (0.38 s), but with similarly low fundamental frequencies and clearer formant modulation. We found some minor differences in the formant frequencies (F4 and F5) of calls of the two European fallow populations. Given the length of time since Persian and European fallow deer diverged, and that both their mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are very different, it is notable that the structure of their groans is still so similar. Our findings suggest that the factors influencing the evolution of these vocalizations (e.g. sensory system characteristics, environment and mate choice) have probably been similar for both species.
Bayesian parentage analysis reliably controls the number of false assignments in natural populations
Authors: Christie Mark R. 
Published: October 2013

Parentage analysis in natural populations is a powerful tool for addressing a wide range of ecological and evolutionary questions. However, identifying parent–offspring pairs in samples collected from natural populations is often more challenging than simply resolving the Mendelian pattern of shared alleles. For example, large numbers of pairwise comparisons and limited numbers of genetic markers can contribute to incorrect assignments, whereby unrelated individuals are falsely identified as parent–offspring pairs. Determining which parentage methods are the least susceptible to making false assignments is an important challenge facing molecular ecologists. In a recent paper, Harrison et al. (2013a) address this challenge by comparing three commonly used parentage methods, including a Bayesian approach, in order to explore the effects of varied proportions of sampled parents on the accuracy of parentage assignments. Unfortunately, Harrison et al. made a simple error in using the Bayesian approach, which led them to incorrectly conclude that this method could not control the rate of false assignment. Here, I briefly outline the basic principles behind the Bayesian approach, identify the error made by Harrison et al., and provide detailed guidelines as to how the method should be correctly applied. Furthermore, using the exact data from Harrison et al., I show that the Bayesian approach actually provides greater control over the number of false assignments than either of the other tested methods. Lastly, I conclude with a brief introduction to solomon, a recently updated version of the Bayesian approach that can account for genotyping error, missing data and false matching.
Effectiveness of a program to facilitate recovery for people with long‐term mental illness in Japan
Authors: Chiba Rie , Miyamoto Yuki , Kawakami Norito , Harada Naoko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecovery is defined as the process of developing new meaning and purpose in life as one grows beyond the catastrophic effects of mental illness. This study aimed to develop a program to facilitate recovery and examine its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. The program was developed with three components that enhance benefit finding, personal meaning, and a sense of happiness. Sixty‐three participants with long‐term mental illness were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 32) or the control group (n = 31). The intervention group attended eight 2‐h group sessions, with one held every week. Recovery was assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and at a three‐month follow‐up. In the per‐protocol analysis, after excluding those who dropped out, the intervention group showed significant improvement in recovery compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, a repeated measures analysis of variance did not show any significant intervention effect (time × group) (P > 0.05). The program had the potential to facilitate recovery.
Religious and spiritual beliefs, self‐esteem, anxiety, and depression among nursing students
Authors: Papazisis Georgios , Nicolaou Panagiotis , Tsiga Evangelia , Christoforou Theodora , Sapountzi‐Krepia Despina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResearch of the role of religious belief and/or spirituality has been conducted on a wide range of health‐related topics, across many disciplines, and in many countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between religious beliefs, self‐esteem, anxiety, and depression in nursing students in Cyprus. One hundred and twenty‐three nursing students were asked to complete a survey consisting of four self‐report questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs, and Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale). The lowest levels of depression were observed in the third and fourth study year. Normal self‐esteem levels were found in the majority of the students (71.3%) and most of them perceived current stress at mild levels. No significant differences on the basis of sex were observed. The vast majority (98.2%) of the students stated a strong religious and/or a spiritual belief that was strongly positively correlated with increased self‐esteem and negatively correlated with depression, current stress, and stress as personality trait.
The brain networks encoding visceral sensation in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms due to diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Lelic D. , Brock C. , Simrén M. , Frøkjaer J. B. , Søfteland E. , Dimcevski G. , Gregersen H. , Drewes A. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence points to association between long‐term diabetes mellitus and abnormal brain processing. The aim of this study was to investigate central changes due to electrical stimulation in esophagus in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms due to diabetic neuropathy.MethodsTwenty‐three diabetes patients with upper GI symptoms and 27 healthy controls were included. A standard ambulatory 24‐h electrocardiography was carried out. 122‐channel esophageal evoked brain potentials to electrical stimulation were acquired. Brain source/network analysis was performed. Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index was used to evaluate upper GI symptoms and SF‐36 questionnaire was utilized to assess patients' quality of life (QOL).Key ResultsDiabetes patients with GI symptoms showed modifications in three brain networks: (i) brainstem/operculum/frontal cortex, (ii) operculum/cingulate, and (iii) mid‐cingulate/anterior‐cingulate/operculum/deep limbic structures. Operculum brain source in patients was localized deeper and more anterior in all three networks. The shift of operculum source was correlated with the severity of upper GI symptoms, decreased heart beat‐to‐beat interval, and decreased SD of the intervals. The activation of the first network was delayed in patients. Operculum source had higher activity than cingulate in the second network in patients, and this was correlated with decreased physical QOL. Deep limbic source was localized deeper in patients, which also correlated with decreased physical QOL.Conclusions & InferencesThis study indicates involvement of central nervous system in diabetes. Reorganization within opercular cortex was correlated with GI symptoms suggesting that operculo‐cingulate cortex could contribute to development and maintenance of GI symptoms in diabetes patients.
Accumulation of anthocyanins in tomato skin extends shelf life
Authors: Bassolino Laura , Zhang Yang , Schoonbeek Henk‐jan , Kiferle Claudia , Perata Pierdomenico , Martin Cathie 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Shelf life is one of the most important traits for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) industry. Two key factors, post‐harvest over‐ripening and susceptibility to post‐harvest pathogen infection, determine tomato shelf life.

Anthocyanins accumulate in the skin of Aft/Aft atv/atv tomatoes, the result of introgressing alleles affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruit from two wild relatives of tomato, which results in extended fruit shelf life. Compared with ordinary, anthocyanin‐less tomatoes, the fruits of Aft/Aft atv/atv keep longer during storage and are less susceptible to Botrytis cinerea, a major tomato pathogen, post‐harvest.

Using genetically modified tomatoes over‐producing anthocyanins, we confirmed that skin‐specific accumulation of anthocyanins in tomato is sufficient to reduce the susceptibility of fruit to Botrytis cinerea.

Our data indicate that accumulation of anthocyanins in tomato fruit, achieved either by traditional breeding or genetic engineering can be an effective way to extend tomato shelf life.
Family‐based interventions for reducing sedentary time in youth: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Marsh S. , Foley L. S. , Wilks D. C. , Maddison R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFamily involvement in interventions to reduce sedentary time may help foster appropriate long‐term screen‐based habits in children. This review systematically synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials of interventions with a family component that targeted reduction of sedentary time, including TV viewing, video games and computer use, in children.MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Embase were searched from inception through March 2012. Seventeen articles were considered eligible and included in the review.Studies were judged to be at low‐to‐moderate risk of bias. Despite inconsistent study results, level of parental involvement, rather than the setting itself, appeared an important determinant of intervention success. Studies including a parental component of medium‐to‐high intensity were consistently associated with statistically significant changes in sedentary behaviours. Participant age was also identified as a determinant of intervention outcomes; all three studies conducted in pre‐school children demonstrated significant decreases in sedentary time. Finally, TV exposure appeared to be related to changes in energy intake rather than physical activity.Future studies should assess the effects of greater parental involvement and child age on success of sedentary behaviour interventions. More research is required to better understand the relationship between screen time and health behaviours, particularly energy intake.
Paranasal sinus osteoma: review of literature
Authors: Mali S.B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe osteomas are osseous lesions with slow and asymptomatic growth that most of the times is a finding in radiological exams requested for other reason. It's the most common benign neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses. The osteomas are located mainly in the frontal sinus (37–80%), followed by the ethmoidal sinuses (20%), maxillary sinuses and rarely in the sphenoid sinus.Although osteoid osteoma is rare in paranasal sinuses, it should be considered if there is a bone density mass and complete excision should be performed with care. Although osteomas are benign tumours, they may enlarge progressively and produce complications. Their resection is not free of risks, so there is some controversy about the management of asymptomatic patients.Endonasal surgery reduces the morbidity of the treatment but the location and size of the lesions do not allow to employ this technique in all cases.
Prevalence of Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Patients Presenting with Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: NERY PABLO B. , Mc ARDLE BRIAN A. , REDPATH CALUM J. , LEUNG EUGENE , LEMERY ROBERT , DEKEMP ROBERT , YANG JIM , KEREN ARIEH , BEANLANDS ROB S. , BIRNIE DAVID H. 
Published: October 2013

IntroductionSarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, which involves the heart in 5–25% of cases. Although ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been reported as the first presentation of sarcoidosis, its prevalence has not previously been investigated. In this prospective study, we sought to systematically investigate the prevalence of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) in patients presenting with monomorphic VT (MMVT) and no previous history of sarcoidosis.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting with MMVT to a tertiary care center were screened for inclusion. Patients with idiopathic VT, VT secondary to coronary artery disease, or prior diagnosis of sarcoidosis were excluded. Included patients underwent F‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan. In subjects with PET scanning suggestive of active myocardial inflammation, histological diagnosis was confirmed through extracardiac or endomyocardial biopsy (EMB).ResultsA total of 182 patients presented to our institution with VT between February 2010 and September 2012 and 14 subjects met inclusion criteria. Within this group, six of 14 (42%) patients had abnormal PET scans suggesting active myocardial inflammation. Four of the six patients had tissue biopsies that were diagnostic of sarcoidosis; the remaining two patients had guided EMB indicating nonspecific myocarditis. Atrioventricular block was observed in three of four (75%) patients with CS and none in 10 of the others (P = 0.022). Three of the four patients had pulmonary sarcoidosis and one patient had isolated CS. All four patients were treated with corticosteroids.ConclusionIn this prospective study, four of 14 (28%) patients presenting with MMVT (without idiopathic VT, ischemic VT, or known sarcoidosis) had CS as the underlying etiology. Clinicians should consider screening for CS in patients with unexplained MMVT.
Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery – a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane
Authors: Sethi Sameer , Ghai Babita , Ram Jagat , Wig Jyotsna 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundDesflurane and sevoflurane are associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) in children. The study aimed to compare the use of desflurane and sevoflurane to determine the postoperative ED in children undergoing cataract surgery using the validated Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale.MethodsIn this randomized double‐blinded study, 88 children of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II aged 2–6 years, anesthesia was maintained with 1–1.2 MAC concentration of desflurane or sevoflurane after induction with sevoflurane. Subtenon block was administered in all children with 0.08–0.10 ml·kg−1 of 0.5% bupivacaine before surgical incision. Primary outcome measured was PAED scale at different time intervals between the two groups, and secondary outcome measured was preoperative anxiety scores, postoperative pain scores, emergence, incidence of delirium and adverse effects.ResultsPediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale showed no statistical difference between sevoflurane and desflurane at different time intervals. Incidence of ED using the cutoff of >12 in PAED scale was 8 of 44 (18.18%) in sevoflurane group and 9 of 44 (20.45%) in desflurane groups (P = 1.000). Emergence from anesthesia was faster in desflurane group (P = 0.001). Correlation between the m‐YPAS anxiety scale and PAED scale in either group did not find any relationship (correlation coefficient = −0.060, P = 0.579). No correlation between the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was found in 17 patients who had ED (correlation coefficient = 0.191, P‐value = 0.462). Five patients of 17 (i.e., three patients in Group S and two patients in Group D) had PAED >12 but FLACC <4.ConclusionEmergence delirium (ED) after desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia was comparable using a validated PAED scale in pediatric cataract surgery. There was no correlation between preoperative anxiety and ED in these children; however, children with higher pain scores were more likely to have a higher ED.
Constitutive or seed‐specific overexpression of Arabidopsis G‐protein γ subunit 3 (AGG3) results in increased seed and oil production and improved stress tolerance in Camelina sativa
Authors: Roy Choudhury Swarup , Riesselman Adam J. , Pandey Sona 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHeterotrimeric G‐proteins consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits play an integral role in mediating multiple signalling pathways in plants. A novel, recently identified plant‐specific Gγ protein, AGG3, has been proposed to be an important regulator of organ size and mediator of stress responses in Arabidopsis, whereas its potential homologs in rice are major quantitative trait loci for seed size and panicle branching. To evaluate the role of AGG3 towards seed and oil yield improvement, the gene was overexpressed in Camelina sativa, an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family. Analysis of multiple homozygous T4 transgenic Camelina lines showed that constitutive overexpression of AGG3 resulted in faster vegetative as well as reproductive growth accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, when expressed constitutively or specifically in seed tissue, AGG3 was found to increase seed size, seed mass and seed number per plant by 15%–40%, effectively resulting in significantly higher oil yield per plant. AGG3 overexpressing Camelina plants also exhibited improved stress tolerance. These observations draw a strong link between the roles of AGG3 in regulating two critical yield parameters, seed traits and plant stress responses, and reveal an effective biotechnological tool to dramatically increase yield in agricultural crops.
Ectopic expression of a BZR1‐1D transcription factor in brassinosteroid signalling enhances carotenoid accumulation and fruit quality attributes in tomato
Authors: Liu Lihong , Jia Chengguo , Zhang Min , Chen Delong , Chen Sixue , Guo Rongfang , Guo Deping , Wang Qiaomei 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe brassinosteroid (BR) response transcription factor Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1)‐mediated BR signalling regulates many specific developmental processes including fruit ripening. Here, we report the effect of 2,4‐epibrassinolide (EBR) and BZR1‐1D overexpression on carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. EBR‐treated pericarp discs of ethylene‐insensitive mutant, Never ripe, accumulated significantly more carotenoid than those of the control. The results suggest that BR seems to be involved in modulating pigments accumulation. When three independent transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis BZR1‐1D were used to evaluate the role of BZR1 in regulating tomato fruit carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes, fruits of all three transgenic lines exhibited enhanced carotenoid accumulation and increased soluble solid, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid contents during fruit ripening. In addition, the fruits of two transgenic lines showed dark green shoulder at mature green stage, in accordance with the up‐regulated expression level of SlGLK2, which is involved in chloroplast development. Our results indicate the importance of BZR1‐centred BR signalling in regulating carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes of tomato fruit and the potential application of the BZR1‐like(s) for improvement of nutritional quality and flavour of tomato through genetic engineering.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infants with idiopathic myelofibrosis
Authors: Hussein Ayad Ahmed , Hamadah Tuka , Domm Jennifer , Al‐Zaben Abdulhadi , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIMF is a rare disease in children that can present during infancy and has a protracted course. The only known curative approach for this disease in adult patients is allogeneic HSCT. There are very few reports describing the long‐term outcome of young children following stem cell transplantation for IMF. We report on eight patients less than two yr of age with IMF that did not resolve with supportive care measures. All patients underwent myeloablative conditioning regimen with busulfan and cyclophosphamide ± ATG followed by HSCT from matched related (n = 6) or unrelated donor (n = 2). All patients achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Four patients had grade II‐III acute GVHD, and chronic GVHD developed in five patients (three mild and two severe). At a median follow‐up of eight and a half yr (0.7–9), all patients are alive with complete resolution of their hematologic manifestations. At the last follow‐up, all patients had normal endocrine function except for one patient who developed hypothyroidism. To date, this is the largest cohort of young children with IMF treated successfully with HSCT, with the longest duration of follow‐up. In conclusion, our study showed that HSCT is a curative option for infants with IMF.
Antiplatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) activity in the saliva of ixodid ticks is linked with their long mouthparts
Authors: Slovák M. , Štibrániová I. , Hajnická V. , Nuttall P. A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe saliva of blood‐feeding arthropods modulates their vertebrate hosts' haemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses to facilitate blood feeding. In a previous study, we showed that salivary gland products from ixodid tick species also manipulate the wound‐healing response by targeting at least four different mammalian growth factors: transforming growth factor β1, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). In addition, species that showed PDGF‐binding activity also inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and induced changes in cell morphology accompanied by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show a correlation between the length of the tick hypostome, the sclerotized feeding tube of the mouthparts inserted into the host's skin and anti‐PDGF activity. This apparent link between hypostome length, and hence the potential depth of skin damage, and PDGF‐binding activity was not apparent for the other growth factors or for other cytokines important in wound healing (keratinocyte growth factor, interleukin 6 and stromal cell‐derived factor 1). However, PDGF‐binding activity was no longer correlated with anti‐cell activities, indicating that an additional as yet unidentified activity in tick saliva may affect cellular changes in wound repair.
Prediction of Parturition in Bitches Utilizing Continuous Vaginal Temperature Measurement
Authors: Geiser B , Burfeind O , Heuwieser W , Arlt S 
Published: October 2013

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine sensitivity and specificity of a body temperature decline in bitches to predict parturition. Temperature loggers were placed into the vaginal cavity of 16 pregnant bitches on day 56–61 after estimated ovulation or first mating. This measurement technique has been validated previously and enabled continuous sampling of body temperature. The temperature loggers were expelled from the vagina before delivery of the first pup. The computed values for specificity (77–92%) were higher than sensitivity (53–69%), indicating a more precise prognosis of parturition not occurring. In conclusion, our findings may assist interpreting vaginal temperature measurements in order to predict parturition in bitches.