bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among Adolescent Sport Teammates
Authors: Evans Blair , Adler Ashley , MacDonald Dany , Côté Jean 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:Bullying is a specific pattern of repeated victimization explored with great frequency in school-based literature, but receiving little attention within sport. The current study explored the prevalence of bullying in sport, and examined whether bullying experiences were associated with perceptions about relationships with peers and coaches.Method:Adolescent sport team members (n = 359, 64% female) with an average age of 14.47 years (SD = 1.34) completed a pen-and-paper or online questionnaire assessing how frequently they perpetrated or were victimized by bullying during school and sport generally, as well as recent experiences with 16 bullying behaviors on their sport team. Participants also reported on relationships with their coach and teammates.Results:Bullying was less prevalent in sport compared with school, and occurred at a relatively low frequency overall. However, by identifying participants who reported experiencing one or more act of bullying on their team recently, results revealed that those victimized through bullying reported weaker connections with peers, whereas those perpetrating bullying only reported weaker coach relationships.Conclusion:With the underlying message that bullying may occur in adolescent sport through negative teammate interactions, sport researchers should build upon these findings to develop approaches to mitigate peer victimization in sport.
The Human Skin Microbiome Associates with the Outcome of and Is Influenced by Bacterial Infection
Authors: van Rensburg Julia J. , Lin Huaiying , Gao Xiang , Toh Evelyn , Fortney Kate R. , Ellinger Sheila , Zwickl Beth , Janowicz Diane M. , Katz Barry P. , Nelson David E. , Dong Qunfeng , Spinola Stanley M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe influence of the skin microbiota on host susceptibility to infectious agents is largely unexplored. The skin harbors diverse bacterial species that may promote or antagonize the growth of an invading pathogen. We developed a human infection model forHaemophilus ducreyiin which human volunteers are inoculated on the upper arm. After inoculation, papules form and either spontaneously resolve or progress to pustules. To examine the role of the skin microbiota in the outcome ofH. ducreyiinfection, we analyzed the microbiomes of four dose-matched pairs of “resolvers” and “pustule formers” whose inoculation sites were swabbed at multiple time points. Bacteria present on the skin were identified by amplification and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between the preinfection microbiomes of infected sites showed that sites from the same volunteer clustered together and that pustule formers segregated from resolvers (P= 0.001, permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]), suggesting that the preinfection microbiomes were associated with outcome. NMDS using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the endpoint samples showed that the pustule sites clustered together and were significantly different than the resolved sites (P= 0.001, PERMANOVA), suggesting that the microbiomes at the endpoint differed between the two groups. In addition toH. ducreyi, pustule-forming sites had a greater abundance ofProteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Micrococcus,Corynebacterium,Paracoccus, andStaphylococcusspecies, whereas resolved sites had higher levels ofActinobacteriaandPropionibacteriumspecies. These results suggest that at baseline, resolvers and pustule formers have distinct skin bacterial communities which change in response to infection and the resultant immune response.IMPORTANCEHuman skin is home to a diverse community of microorganisms, collectively known as the skin microbiome. Some resident bacteria are thought to protect the skin from infection by outcompeting pathogens for resources or by priming the immune system's response to invaders. However, the influence of the skin microbiome on the susceptibility to or protection from infection has not been prospectively evaluated in humans. We characterized the skin microbiome before, during, and after experimental inoculation of the arm withHaemophilus ducreyiin matched volunteers who subsequently resolved the infection or formed abscesses. Our results suggest that the preinfection microbiomes of pustule formers and resolvers have distinct community structures which change in response to the progression ofH. ducreyiinfection to abscess formation.
Hypertension prevalence, incidence and risk factors among children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Essouma Mickael , Noubiap Jean Jacques N , Bigna Jean Joel R , Nansseu Jobert Richie N , Jingi Ahmadou M , Aminde Leopold N , Zafack Joseline 
Published: September 2015

IntroductionThe African adult population is facing a growing epidemic of hypertension. Establishment of accurate epidemiological data on hypertension in African children and adolescents may have important implications for hypertension preventive strategies in Africa.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the MOOSE Guidelines. Relevant abstracts published in English/French from 1 January 1985 to 31 July 2015 will be searched in PubMed, Google Scholar and Online African journals. Full texts of eligible studies will then be accessed through PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI and the respective journals’ websites. Relevant unpublished papers and conference proceedings will also be checked. Data will be analysed using R statistical software. The study-specific estimates will be pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis model to obtain an overall summary estimate of the prevalence/incidence of hypertension across studies. Also, we will assess the association between risk factors and hypertension. Heterogeneity of studies will be evaluated by the χ2test on Cochrane's Q statistic. Funnel plots analysis and Egger's test will be done to detect publication bias. Results will be presented by geographic region (central, eastern, northern, southern and western Africa). A p value less than 0.05 will be considered significant for factors that predicted hypertension.Ethics and disseminationThe current study is based on published data, and thus ethical approval is not required. This systematic review and meta-analysis is expected to serve as input for designing early life preventive and control strategies, and as a guide for future research based on existing gaps. The final report of the systematic review in the form of a scientific paper will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings will further be presented at conferences and submitted to relevant health authorities.Trial registration numberCRD42015019029.
Impact of an electronic alert notification system embedded in radiologists’ workflow on closed-loop communication of critical results: a time series analysis
Authors: Lacson Ronilda , O'Connor Stacy D , Sahni V Anik , Roy Christopher , Dalal Anuj , Desai Sonali , Khorasani Ramin 
Published: September 2015

IntroductionOptimal critical test result communication is a Joint Commission national patient safety goal and requires documentation of closed-loop communication among care providers in the medical record. Electronic alert notification systems can facilitate an auditable process for creating alerts for transmission and acknowledgement of critical test results. We evaluated the impact of a patient safety initiative with an alert notification system on reducing critical results lacking documented communication, and assessed potential overuse of the alerting system for communicating results.MethodsWe implemented an alert notification system—Alert Notification of Critical Results (ANCR)—in January 2010. We reviewed radiology reports finalised in 2009–2014 which lacked documented communication between the radiologist and another care provider, and assessed the impact of ANCR on the proportion of such reports with critical findings, using trend analysis over 10 semiannual time periods. To evaluate potential overuse of ANCR, we assessed the proportion of reports with non-critical results among provider-communicated reports.ResultsThe proportion of reports with critical results among reports without documented communication decreased significantly over 4 years (2009–2014) from 0.19 to 0.05 (p<0.0001, Cochran–Armitage trend test). The proportion of provider-communicated reports with non-critical results remained unchanged over time before and after ANCR implementation (0.20 to 0.15, p=0.45, Cochran–Armitage trend test).ConclusionsA patient safety initiative with an alert notification system reduced the proportion of critical results among reports lacking documented communication between care providers. We observed no change in documented communication of non-critical results, suggesting the system did not promote overuse. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether such systems prevent subsequent patient harm.
Improving physician's adherence to completing vaccination schedules for patients with type 2 diabetes attending non-communicable diseases clinics in West Bay Health Center, Qatar
Authors: Tawfik Hassan , Bashwar Zelaikha , Al-Ali Amal , Salem Mohamed , Abdelbagi Isameldin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIncomplete vaccination for patients with type 2 diabetes attending non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinics is an issue that could affect patient’s health and wellness negatively and puts patients at high risk of serious diseases.We aimed to improve physicians adherence to complete vaccination schedule for patients with type 2 diabetes attending NCD clinics in west bay health center according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendation by 25% by January 2015.In the pre-intervention phase: the quality improvement team designed a checklist to collect the percentage of physician’s adherence of prescription of the recommended vaccination for patients with type 2 diabetes. The percentage of complete vaccination in patients with diabetes attending NCD clinic in West Bay Health Center was 20% .In the intervention phase the intervention was in the form of: the creation a vaccination form and attached to the (NCD) progress note; to distribute and remind the physicians about the ADA guidelines vaccination recommendations; a summary of the vaccination schedule developed and attached to (NCD) form; development of vaccination reminder posters and posters in the waiting area, nurse station, and physician clinics and education and orientation sessions for NCD clinic staff.In the post-intervention phase the average percentage of complete vaccination in patients with diabetes attending NCD clinic in West Bay Health Center increased to 69%.
Chapter 11 The older volcanic complexes of São Miguel, Azores: Nordeste and Povoação
Authors: Duncan A. M. , Guest J. E. , Wallenstein N. , Chester D. K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The oldest part of São Miguel is to the east of Furnas. Previous research argued that these volcanics belong to a construct called the Nordeste Volcano, a heavily eroded shield which not only extends to the east coast of the island but also underlies Furnas Volcano in the west. On the basis of geomorphological mapping, we argue that Nordeste comprises two volcanic systems: an older Nordeste construct (the Nordeste Volcanic System) and the younger Povoação Volcano that straddles the Nordeste shield on its western margin. The Nordeste Volcanic System consists of the Lower Basalts which constitute the overwhelming majority of its subaerial products that are exposed in coastal cliff sections. Above the Lower Basalts is a surficial drape of ankaramites and the Upper Basalts. There is no evidence of large explosive trachytic eruptions from Nordeste Volcanic System. Povoação Volcano comprises an early shield construct, after which the volcano experienced caldera collapse. Post-caldera deposits are poorly exposed, but include basaltic, mugearitic and trachytic lavas intercalated by cut-and-fill sequences. Radiometric dating has yet to resolve fully the absolute ages of the Nordeste and Povoação volcanic systems, but morphology indicates that the former is much older than the latter.
Chapter 14 Mapping of soil CO
2
diffuse degassing at São Miguel Island and its public health implications
Authors: Viveiros F. , Gaspar J. L. , Ferreira T. , Silva C. , Marcos M. , Hipólito A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Soil CO
2
diffuse degassing constitutes a permanent risk in quiescent volcanic–hydrothermal areas, as is the case in the Azores archipelago. Since the early 1990s geochemical studies carried out in São Miguel Island showed that some villages are placed in anomalous high degassing areas, and indoor measurements performed in various dwellings highlight the risk to the population. These high indoor CO
2
concentrations are not only measured in areas classified as high degassing areas, but lethal CO
2
concentrations are also registered in buildings located in areas previously defined as low- and medium-risk zones. These lethal values are measured in non-ventilated environments and basements in areas with soil CO
2
concentration above 1.5 vol%. Hazardous CO
2
concentrations are also commonly measured in buildings located in zones where soil CO
2
is higher than 5 vol%. Considering the dangerous values registered and the fact that indoor gas concentration can increase several orders of magnitude owing to peculiar meteorological conditions, updated values are suggested for the correlation between soil gas concentration and CO
2
exposure. This study highlights that both the use of soil degassing maps by land-use planners and appropriate construction rules for buildings placed in degassing areas are necessary.
Chapter 16 Volcanic hazard vulnerability on São Miguel Island, Azores
Authors: Wallenstein N. , Chester D. , Coutinho R. , Duncan A. , Dibben C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

In recent years much progress has been made in researching a wide variety of extreme events on São Miguel. In addition there are a number of volcano-related risks that impact upon the people of São Miguel. Some of these may occur both before and during volcanic emergencies (e.g. earthquakes), whilst others render São Miguel dangerous even when its volcanoes are not erupting (e.g. flooding, landslides, tsunamis and health impacts, especially the effects of CO
2
seepage into dwellings). In this chapter we first define what vulnerability means to the people of São Miguel, and relate this to the cultural and economic characteristics of the island. The following aspects of vulnerability are discussed: (a) physical (i.e. housing, settlement and the characteristics of evacuation routes and plans); (b) demographic and economic; and (c) social and cultural and perceptual (i.e. whether people have an accurate cognition of risk). Particular areas of concern relate to housing: the identification of isolated dwellings that would be difficult to evacuate; the vulnerability/resilience of evacuation routes following recent infrastructure improvements; characteristics of the island's transient population; management of livestock under emergency conditions; local leadership roles; and educational outreach.
Chapter 5 The magmatism of the Azores islands
Authors: Zanon Vittorio 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Magmas in the Azores (Portugal) were erupted from both fissure zones and central volcanoes during overlapping periods. Fissure zones follow extensional trends oriented accordingly with the regional tectonics, erupting basalts and hawaiites. Central volcanoes are characterized by transtensive tectonics and erupted basaltic to trachytic magmas. Highly porphyritic magmas, consisting of cumulitic olivines and clinopyroxenes, can be also erupted during flank eruptions. Volcanism occurs because of the different direction of the plate movement at the triple junction where islands are located. Magma production and its ascent occur in response to the stresses of the lithosphere over a geochemically heterogeneous mantle, enriched in incompatible trace elements and water. The variability in the radiogenic isotopes results from the interaction of the differently enriched mantle sources with a ubiquitous and slightly depleted Azores mantle. Finally, a contribution of recycled oceanic crust is evidenced by a progressive east–west variation in Pb isotope ratios across the island of São Miguel. Primitive melts were generated by 1–7% partial melting of a garnet-bearing peridotite. Overall, basalts show relatively high large-ion lithophile element (LILE) abundances and LILE/high-field-strength element ratios that point to chemical heterogeneities in the mantle sources.
Chapter 8 Eruptive history of Fogo Volcano, São Miguel, Azores
Authors: Wallenstein N. , Duncan A. , Guest J. E. , Almeida M. H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Fogo is the largest of the three active central volcanoes on São Miguel and dominates the centre of the island. It is located at the intersection of NW–SE, NE–SW and east–west-trending fault systems, showing a complex morphology with a Summit Caldera formed as a result of explosive and collapse events. The edifice of Fogo has been extensively dissected by erosion, with deep valleys that show clear tectonic control.
The products of Fogo range from basalt to trachyte and belong to a potassic alkaline suite. The oldest subaerial products of Fogo are >200 ka. Older products are poorly exposed, making stratigraphic correlation difficult, particularly on the north flank where considerable subsidence within the NW–SE Ribeira Grande graben has occurred. A more complete stratigraphy for the last 40 ka was established on the southern flank of the volcano. During this period there were large trachytic Plinian eruptions, including those of the Ribeira Chã (8–12 ka BP) and Fogo A (4.6 ka BP). The last intracaldera eruption was historic and occurred in 1563, and 4 days afterwards there was an effusive basaltic eruption on the northwestern lower flank of the volcano.
Influence of regional tectonics and pre-existing structures on the formation of elliptical calderas in the Kenyan Rift
Authors: Robertson E. A. M. , Biggs J. , Cashman K. V. , Floyd M. A. , Vye-Brown C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Calderas are formed by the collapse of large magma reservoirs and are commonly elliptical in map view. The orientation of elliptical calderas is often used as an indicator of the local stress regime; but, in some rift settings, pre-existing structural trends may also influence the orientation. We investigated whether either of these two mechanisms controls the orientation of calderas in the Kenyan Rift. Satellite-based mapping was used to identify the rift border faults, intra-rift faults and orientation of the calderas to measure the stress orientations and pre-existing structural trends and to determine the extensional regime at each volcano. We found that extension in northern Kenya is orthogonal, whereas that in southern Kenya is oblique. Elliptical calderas in northern Kenya are orientated NW–SE, aligned with pre-existing structures and perpendicular to recent rift faults. In southern Kenya, the calderas are aligned NE–SW and lie oblique to recent rift faults, but are aligned with pre-existing structures. We conclude that, in oblique continental rifts, pre-existing structures control the development of elongated magma reservoirs. Our results highlight the structural control of magmatism at different crustal levels, where pre-existing structures control the storage and orientation of deeper magma reservoirs and the local stress regime controls intra-rift faulting and shallow magmatism.

Supplementary material:

Details of the Standard Deviation Ellipse function and statistical methods are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18849
.
The FGFR Landscape in Cancer: Analysis of 4,853 Tumors by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Helsten Teresa , Elkin Sheryl , Arthur Elisa , Tomson Brett N. , Carter Jennifer , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurpose: Molecular profiling may have prognostic and predictive value, and is increasingly used in the clinical setting. There are more than a dozen fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors in development. Optimal therapeutic application of FGFR inhibitors requires knowledge of the rates and types of FGFR aberrations in a variety of cancer types.Experimental Design: We analyzed frequencies of FGFR aberrations in 4,853 solid tumors that were, on physician request, tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory (Foundation Medicine) using next-generation sequencing (182 or 236 genes), and analyzed by N-of-One.Results: FGFR aberrations were found in 7.1% of cancers, with the majority being gene amplification (66% of the aberrations), followed by mutations (26%) and rearrangements (8%). FGFR1 (mostly amplification) was affected in 3.5% of 4,853 patients; FGFR2 in 1.5%; FGFR3 in 2.0%; and FGFR4 in 0.5%. Almost every type of malignancy examined showed some patients with FGFR aberrations, but the cancers most commonly affected were urothelial (32% FGFR-aberrant); breast (18%); endometrial (∼13%), squamous lung cancers (∼13%), and ovarian cancer (∼9%). Among 35 unique FGFR mutations seen in this dataset, all but two are found in COSMIC. Seventeen of the 35 are known to be activating, and 11 are transforming.Conclusions: FGFR aberrations are common in a wide variety of cancers, with the majority being gene amplifications or activating mutations. These data suggest that FGFR inhibition could be an important therapeutic option across multiple tumor types. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 259–67. ©2015 AACR.
PD-L1 and HLA Class I Antigen Expression and Clinical Course of the Disease in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sabbatino Francesco , Villani Vincenzo , Yearley Jennifer H. , Deshpande Vikram , Cai Lei , Konstantinidis Ioannis T. , Moon Christina , Nota Sjoerd , Wang Yangyang , Al-Sukaini Ahmad , Zhu Andrew X. , Goyal Lipika , Ting David T. , Bardeesy Nabeel , Hong Theodore S. , Fernandez-del Castillo Carlos , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Ferrone Soldano , Ferrone Cristina R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurpose: More effective therapy is needed for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The encouraging clinical results obtained with checkpoint molecule-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have prompted us to investigate whether this type of immunotherapy may be applicable to ICC. The aims of this study were to determine whether (i) patients mount a T-cell immune response to their ICC, (ii) checkpoint molecules are expressed on both T cells and tumor cells, and (iii) tumor cells are susceptible to recognition by cognate T cells.Experimental Design: Twenty-seven ICC tumors were analyzed for (i) lymphocyte infiltrate, (ii) HLA class I and HLA class II expression, and (iii) PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by T cells and ICC cells, respectively. The results of this analysis were correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients investigated.Results: Lymphocyte infiltrates were identified in all tumors. PD-L1 expression and HLA class I antigen expression by ICC cells was observed in 8 and 11, respectively, of the 27 tumors analyzed. HLA class I antigen expression correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltrate. Furthermore, positive HLA class I antigen expression in combination with negative/rare PD-L1 expression was associated with favorable clinical course of the disease.Conclusions: ICC patients are likely to mount a T-cell immune response against their own tumors. Defects in HLA class I antigen expression in combination with PD-L1 expression by ICC cells provide them with an immune escape mechanism. This mechanism justifies the implementation of immunotherapy with checkpoint molecule-specific mAbs in patients bearing ICC tumors without defects in HLA class I antigen expression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 470–8. ©2015 AACR.