bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BURDEN OF INJURY IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Zhang Z , Tobias M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe disability-adjusted life year (DALY) that combines years of life lost from injury mortality (YLL) and year-equivalents of healthy life lost from non-fatal injury (YLD) has being increasingly recognised as a valuable tool for priority setting in injury management.Aim/Objectives/PurposeTo assess the total burden of injury in New Zealand in 2006 (projected to 2016) in DALYs and to analyse the distribution of this burden by both the external cause of injury (E-code) and the nature of injury (N-code).MethodsTotal burden of injury was estimated from the national mortality, hospital discharge and ACC claims datasets. Both short-term and long-term impacts of injury are assessed in 36 N-code categories and 10 E-code categories.Results/Outcomes75% of total injury DALYs are associated with fatal injury, 25% with non-fatal injury (3% from short-term effects and 22% from long-term effects). By E-code, the leading causes of the DALYs are transportation accident, self-inflicted injury, falls and mechanical force. By N-code, the leading causes of the DALYs are TBI, fractures, internal injury and toxic effects. The highest age-specific DALY rates are found in the age groups of 15–29 and 65+. Compared with non-Maori, Maori have higher age-standardised DALY rates for transportation accidents, self-inflicted injury, violence, TBI, internal injury and maxillofacial fracture. Compared with people living in least deprived areas, people living in the most deprived areas have higher age and ethnicity standardised DALY rates of violence, mechanical force-related injury, TBI and burns.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThere are clear patterns of injury burdens among main injury categories. These patterns need to be considered for setting priorities for injury management.
QUANTIFYING THE USE OF SEATBELTS AND CHILD RESTRAINTS IN THREE MEXICAN CITIES
Authors: Pérez-Núñez R. , Chandran A , Híjar M , Celis A , Carmona-Lozano MS , Lunnen JC , Hyder AA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSeatbelts and child restraints can effectively reduce deaths resulting from road traffic crashes, and are one of the risk factors being targeted by the Mexican RS-10 project. This study quantifies restraint use in two intervention sites (Guadalajara-Zapopan and León) and one comparison site (Cuernavaca) in the initial 2 years of RS-10.ObjectiveTo quantify the prevalence of seatbelt and child restraint use in three Mexican cities in the context of ongoing road safety intervention programs.MethodsThree rounds of roadside observations were conducted from November 2010 to January 2012. Two rounds of hospital surveys were administered to all road traffic injury (RTI) victims presenting at a tertiary hospital in each city.ResultsThe overall prevalence of seatbelt use was 45.0% in all three cities (95% CI= 44.3-45.7) in passengers aged ≥10; Cuernavaca showed the highest prevalence (52.9; 95% CI= 51.5-54.4) followed by Guadalajara-Zapopan (43.5%; 95% CI= 42.4-44.5) and León (40.0%; 95% CI= 38.6-41.4). Child restraint use in children <10 was 17.4% (95% CI= 13.5-22.0) in Guadalajara-Zapopan, 10.6% (95% CI= 6.7-15.8) in León, and 7.9% (95% CI= 3.7-14.5) in Cuernavaca. Women, drivers, those aged ≥10, those traveling by taxi and those in a car with running headlights had higher restraint use prevalences. Hospital surveys revealed RTI victims had lower seatbelt use than the general population (31% vs 42%, p = 0.037).SignificanceChild restraint and seatbelt use is low in these Mexican cities. This study shows an opportunity for further intervention and enhanced enforcement to encourage greater use of these highly efficacious devices.
ELECTRONIC RECORDING OF TRAFFIC INCIDENTS
Authors: Ahn J , Leamy R , Liu Y , Manoharan S , Stables M , Zheng S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTraffic crash reports (TCRs) are the forms completed by police officers at the scene of road crashes. They record the details of when, how and why the crash happened. The reports are used, among other things, to mitigate accidents of similar nature and to build a safer travel environment.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTCRs in New Zealand are paper forms. Manual entries on paper forms have several drawbacks including entry errors and illegibility. To analyse the data collected through paper forms, the data need to be re-entered into an electronic format. Data consistency checks are not possible in manual data entry: for instance, a single response to a single response question cannot be enforced. This paper presents a framework for a mobile application that aims to replace the paper form.MethodsThe paper develops a mobile framework with the following key aspects: there is no need for dual data entry; consistency checks are enforced; some of the information is auto-filled (eg, time and location); some data are auto-captured (eg, driver information from the bar-code of the driving license); some media can be attached (eg, photos, sketches, and audio).The data so collected is transferred easily to the processing centre. This transfer is in a manner that lends itself to easy processing.Results/OutcomesThere are two distinct user-interface styles: a form-based one that translates the current paper form to a comparable electronic format; and the second 1 is incident-focused. The incident-focused style is radically different but is more intuitive and offers a better user experience. With both styles, collected data is persisted as XML conforming to a standardised schema.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe proposed framework (a) eases the completion of the report (eg, auto-filling and auto-capture features) and (b) eases the end-analysis of the collected data. The usability of the user-interface is deemed high.
IDENTIFICATION OF CRASH AND FALL RISKS DURING THE CYCLING MOUNT AND DISMOUNT ACTIONS IN TRIATHLON COMPETITIONS: A VIDEO ANALYSIS
Authors: Gosling C , Forbes A , Gabbe B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjury risk factors have rarely been explored in the context of triathlon competition. The mount/dismount of a bicycle are complex skills, often conducted in crowded race environments. To date no study has reviewed potential factors that contribute to crashing/falling during the performance of these skills.AimTo identify contributing or protective factors for crashes/falls during the cycle mount and dismount during triathlon competition.MethodsAll crashes/falls were identified from available mount and dismount video recordings for the 2010–2011 Super Sprint triathlon competition series. A case-control design was employed where each crash/fall event was matched by gender and race type to 10 control subjects. Rate ratios or ORs were calculated to identify fixed variables or skills which may contribute to a crash/fall. Data are presented as ratios with 95% CI.Results66 and 46 crash/fall incidents occurred for mounting and dismounting respectively. Crash/fall rates during dismount were 2.3 (1.1, 5.0) times higher for race site four. There were no other differences for mount/dismount between gender, race type, category or sites. A moving jump mount (OR 3.9; 2.1 to 7.2) onto clipped-in cycling shoes (OR 5.0; 2.5 to 10.2) were indicative of crash/fall while mounting. During the dismount, a front leg swing (OR 3.3; 1.2 to 9.2) and moving dismounts while wearing cycling shoes clipped out from the pedals (OR 6.0; 2.8 to 13.0) were contributors to a fall/crash.SignificanceRisk taking behaviours to limit time loss during competition contribute to crash/falls during cycle mounting, while inexperience and lower skill level tend to contribute to a crash during dismounting in triathlon.
PLANNING FOR IMPLEMENTATION: USE OF INTERVENTION MAPPING (STEP 5) IN TWO SPORTS SAFETY INTERVENTION CASE STUDIES
Authors: Gabbe B , Donaldson A , Poulos R , Lloyd D , Cook J , Finch CF 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA planned approach towards translating injury prevention research evidence and policy into sustained safety practice and behaviour changes is an often neglected component of the evidence to practice translation process.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis presentation will describe how evidence and theory-informed, context-specific implementation plans were developed for two sports injury prevention interventions aimed at community sport in Australia.MethodsThe seven tasks of Step 5 of the Intervention Mapping Protocol were used to develop implementation plans for both the Mayday neck and spinal injury prevention policy in rugby union and the FootyFirst exercise training programme to prevent leg injuries in Australian football.Results/OutcomesAlthough changes in sports participant behaviour were the desired end-goal of both interventions, it was recognised that sports coaches would be the primary programme adopters. Therefore, coach-delivered training to players was the important outcome. To encourage coach implementation of the Mayday safety procedure the key focus was on referee enforcement of a new local rugby by-law, supported by content changes to current mandatory coach education, and education resource production and dissemination. For FootyFirst, the key implementation strategies were the endorsement of the programme by opinion leaders, allocation of mentors to support community coaches to implement the programme, and the development of user-friendly implementation resources.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThese two case studies demonstrate a systematic approach for planning the implementation of injury prevention interventions that can lead to the development of context-specific, evidence and theory-informed implementation plans.
REMOVING MAN-MADE JUMPS FROM SNOW-PARKS REDUCES THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES SUSTAINED BY SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS
Authors: Goulet C , Tremblay B , Hamel D , Hagel B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEvidence indicates that snow-park (SP) injuries are more severe than injuries on regular slopes. This prompted two major ski areas in the province of Québec, Canada, to remove all man-made jumps from their SPs before the 2007–2008 season.ObjectiveTo determine if removing jumps from SPs reduced the prevalence of severe injuries for skiers and snowboarders.MethodsSubjects were skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with a SP injury at two ski areas before (seasons 2000–2001 to 2006–2007) and after (seasons 2007–2008 to 2009–2010) SP jumps were removed, and for all the ski areas with no SP jump removal. Severe injuries were defined based on type of injury or ambulance evacuation. We compared the proportion of severe injuries before and after SP jump removal with trends at the other areas. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust the pre- and post change comparison for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, and type of activity.ResultsAt the two hills that removed jumps, the proportion of severe injuries was 19.3% (600 severe SP injuries/3109 all SP injuries) before and 14.5% (63/434) after the change compared with 23.7% (2679/11 324) and 22.1% (921/4173) at other hills. After covariate adjustment, the odds of severe injuries declined at the two areas that removed jumps (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.72; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.97) with no change at other Québec ski areas (AOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.08).SignificanceResults suggest that removing man-made jumps from SPs prevents severe injuries.
THE BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN GUYANA: TIME TO PRIORITISE ROAD SAFETY INVESTMENTS
Authors: Lunnen JC , Latif A , Rodrigues EMS , Hyder AA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundGuyana, like other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is rapidly motorising with limited systemic support for road safety initiatives. Understanding the epidemiology of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is an important first step in prioritising investments.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo quantify the burden of RTIs in Guyana and inform priority action areas for prevention efforts at the national level.MethodsA review of PubMed, grey literature, and internet search engines was performed. Ministry of Health (MoH) data for select years were accessed electronically, and police data from 2000–2010 were obtained during a site visit. A stakeholder analysis was conducted following meetings with representatives from key ministries and civil society.Results/OutcomesMoH data indicates RTIs are a leading cause of death among persons aged 5–64 years. According to police data, there were 115 road traffic (RT) deaths, or 14.8 RT deaths per 100 000 population in 2010; this rate has been stable for the past 3 years, but represents a decrease from 22.8 earlier in the decade. For the period 2000–2010 pedestrians accounted for the largest proportion of RT deaths, followed by motorcycle users and bicyclists. While conscientious, the lead agency is understaffed and underfunded.Significance/Contribution to the FieldRTIs are a major concern in Guyana. We offer the following priority areas for consideration in Guyana: improving data systems; capacity building for road safety; investing in the Emergency Medical Systems; improving infrastructure; fostering greater inter-sectoral collaboration; and increasing funding for injury prevention programmes. These areas might hold relevance to other LMICs in the region.
DEVELOPMENT OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS ON SAFE SETTINGS FOR CHILD AND ADOLESCENT INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Basilio J , Orbillo L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among children. Thus, the National Policy and Strategic Framework on Child Injury Prevention was developed and injury prevention was included as one of the essential interventions in the Philippine Child Survival Strategy. For a more focused approach, the settings-based interventions were adopted. These include places where children live, learn, play and work—the home, the school and the community.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe Checklists serve as entry point to establish a safe home, safe school and safe community. It can also be used as an advocacy tool for implementation of the child injury strategic interventions.MethodsA meeting of various stakeholders was conducted for the conceptualisation and planning for child injury prevention, followed by a workshop to develop the safety assessment tools.Results/OutcomeThe safe settings assessment tools for home, school and community were developed and field tested. Orientation on the use of the tools was conducted. Observations done in the three settings revealed various unsafe practices and structures which were presented to the local government for action.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe tool proved to be a good advocacy tool for action on safety measures in the community. Nationwide adoption of the tools is expected to bring down mortality and morbidity due to injuries.
THE VENOM PATROL—AN ONLINE RESOURCE FOR IMPROVING HEALTH LITERACY AND FOR SNAKEBITE PREVENTION
Authors: Winkel K , Godinho S , Lowe R , Molyneux P , Taylor P , Wesley N , Stone M , Woolley M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundScience, health and general literacy are essential to fully address the determinants of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) such as snakebite. However, such literacy standards are either not improving or falling in many countries. At the same time access to computers, the internet and smart phone technology has never been greater. Accordingly, we have developed a trans disciplinary collaboration to harness the power of ICT to further NTD prevention, and improve general literacy.MethodWe have collaborated to create a venom-themed set of on-line teaching resources that is integrated with contemporary national educational pedagogy.ResultsThe Venom Patrol (http://www.venompatrol.org) consists of a website (‘venompatrol.info’) with more than 100 graphic-rich, interlinked pages with attached, high quality, documentary style video files and flash animations, together with photographs, downloadable pdfs, word documents and assessment profiles. It is a suite of teaching resources for use in primary and secondary schools and is complemented by a social networking and video conferencing site. The resource is focused around four habitats (arid desert, rainforest, suburban park and tropical coast) and was funded by the Australian Government for distribution to every Australian school.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive venom-themed resource to have been produced for Australian Schools. It harnesses the potential of e-learning to stimulate student interest in science and health education and contributes this up-to-date knowledge to their families and communities. This may provide a template for other countries to develop NTD-related school and community knowledge transfer.
A MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF SAFE COMMUNITIES IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: Mohammadi R , Zangi M , Sadeghi-bazargani H , Hashemi S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFrom all Safe Communities (SCs) indicators, evaluation is a neglected indicator especially in designated SCs in low and middle income (LMI) countries.Aims/Objectives/PurposeSets out to introduce a comprehensive model to carry out SC evaluation in LMI countries.MethodsGuidelines for safe community application as well as designated safe community reports were reviewed. Besides, Pubmed and Embase were searched to find scientific articles of injury prevention evaluation.Results/OutcomesThree main approaches of SC evaluation can be summarised as follows: Firstly, process evaluation, in which, focus group discussion among reference groups of SC (work teams) is recommended. Secondly, impact evaluation, in which, quasi experimental study with emphasis on impact of interventions is most appropriate method to be conducted at designation and re-designation step between SC and control community. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study, observational and survey are suggested for three main intervention; education, environmental change, enforcement of law respectively. The last but not the least, outcome evaluation, in which, quasi experimental study will be carried out.Significance/Contribution to the FieldGrowing number of SC especially in LMI countries has given rise to the necessity of a comprehensive approach for SC evaluation in terms of process, impact and outcome. As an implication of this study a feasible evaluation model for Tehran safe community, as a model of safe communities in LMI countries, is designed and will be carried out after the implementation of the whole programme in the city. This evaluation plan and its results will be a strong tool for re-designation application after 5 years.
NATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND INTERAGENCY COORDINATION TO PREVENT FAMILY VIOLENCE
Authors: Wood R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe New Zealand Government remains firmly committed to eliminating all forms of family violence. It is everybody's responsibility to make the difference so that our homes are always places of safety.AimNew Zealand's Taskforce for Action on Violence within Families (the Taskforce) brings together government and non-government sectors, independent Crown entities and the judiciary to work together and provide leadership to end family violence and promote stable, healthy families.MethodsThe Taskforce was established in June 2005 to lead and coordinate interagency action to prevent family violence. The unique role of the Taskforce is to inspire a vision, to facilitate action, and to focus on doing those things that can only be achieved with all agencies and sectors linking effectively together. The Taskforce mobilises many agencies, government and non-government, to act collectively to eliminate family violence.ResultsOver the past 7 years the Taskforce has overseen the development and implementation of an extensive range of initiatives. This work has provided a solid foundation from which to move forward. This paper will outline key achievements to date and future focus of the Taskforce.SignificanceNew Zealand is in a unique position—we are a small country with a solid legislative framework and well-developed range of government and non-government service providers. We are ideally placed to become a world leader in identifying and implementing continuous improvements and innovations to create sustainable change in addressing family violence.
FALL RELATED INJURIES: A RETROSPECTIVE MEDICAL REVIEW STUDY IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Jagnoor J , Keay L , Ganguli A , Dandona R , Thakur JS , Boufous S , Cumming RG , Ivers RQ 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFalls have been identified as a leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in India. However, very little is known about the context and characteristics of such falls.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the context and characteristics of fall related injuries in patients admitted to hospital for fall injury.MethodsMedical records of patients presenting at the Emergency Department of the Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India between March 2008 and February 2009, were reviewed by trained investigators. All injury cases were identified and fall related injury cases were assigned an ICD 10, Chapter XX, External causes of morbidity and mortality code.Results/Outcomes10% (7049) of hospital emergency presentations were due to injuries. Falls were the second leading cause (20%, 1407); 76% of fall related presentations were in males. A high proportion (36%) of the fall related presentations occurred in those aged 0–14 years old. Falls from building or structures (35%, 499) were the leading cause for all ages except for those older than 60 years, where same level falls due to slipping, tripping and stumbling (40%, 57) were predominant. Half of all the falls resulted in head injury. Nearly 10% of patients presenting for fall related injury died.Significance/Contribution to the FieldFall related injuries are an important contributor to hospital emergency presentations. Given the high proportion of falls that resulted in head injury and death, there is a significant need to develop appropriate interventions to prevent such falls.
DROWNING RISK ASSESSMENT AND COMMUNICATION USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Andronaco R , Matthews B , Arrowsmith C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSpatial analysis is a widely accepted injury prevention and safety promotion tool. Dr John Snow's causes of Cholera map in London 1854, being the most notable historical example. Contemporary spatial analysis tools e.g. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly advanced and being applied in many expert domains. Limited research or applicative examples exist regarding analysis of geographic variance in drowning incidents.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to provide an overview of widely accepted spatial analysis tools in order to turn raw drowning event data, into decision making information and communicate geographically varying levels of risk.MethodsFrom the National Coroners Information System (NCIS), 391 drowning deaths within Victoria, Australia were identified and spatially represented. Closed cases from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2011 were used. A selection of spatial analysis tools (i.e. Hot Spot Analysis) were selected and executed across different administrative extents (i.e. Local Government Area - LGA), using different parameter and variable inputs (i.e. Census data inputs) to illustrate the different spatial analysis approaches, representations and assessment outputs.ResultsSpatial analysis identified drowning 'Hot Spots' within Victorian LGAs based on z-scores greater than 1.65 Standard Deviations (signified on attached maps by orange and red colors) for usual place of residence and place of occurrence.SignificanceSpatial analysis of geographically varying drowning incidents permits:1) Summarization of drowning incidents for varying geographic extents and timeframes,2) Identification of significant spatial clusters and outliers,3) Assessment of overall patterns and dispersion, and;4) Modeling spatial and temporal relationships to better apply injury prevention and safety promotion strategies.