bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Pneumonia and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children Visiting Outpatient Department of Public Hospitals in Jigjiga City, Somali Region, Ethiopia; 2024
Authors: Osman Ridwan Ibrahim , Ayehubizu Liyew Mekonen , Muse Abdilahi Ibrahim , Yohaness Semehal Haile 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is a common and severe inflammatory condition affecting children under five years old, particularly in Southern Asia and Africa. In Ethiopia, approximately 3.37 million children under five contract pneumonia each year. Pneumonia is a major health problem in Ethiopia, and studying it can help improve child health outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pneumonia and associated factors among under-five children visiting outpatient departments of public hospitals in Jigjiga city, Ethiopia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two public hospitals in Jigjiga city from March-June, 2024. A systematic random sampling was implied to collect primary data from 341 under-five children visiting outpatient departments. The data was entered and cleaned using Epi Info version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were employed to analyse the data.
Result: The study revealed that the prevalence of pneumonia was 33.4% and the risk factors for under-five pneumonia were identified. Children carried on their mothers back during cooking (AOR: 4.32, 95%CI: 1.67-11.1), with history of house hold ARTI (AOR: 4.39, 95%CI: 1.49-12.6), partially vaccinated (AOR: 5.33, 95%CI: 1.09-26.07), unvaccinated (AOR: 7.18, 95%CI: 1.18-44.4), had diarrhea (AOR: 3.61, 95%CI: 1.8-9.44), being female (AOR: 2.6, 95%CI: 1.18-5.77) were significantly associate with under five pneumonias.
Conclusion: This study found a very high number of young children with pneumonia. Children who weren't fully vaccinated, were exposed to cooking smoke, had respiratory infections at home, had diarrhea, or were girls all had a much higher risk. This suggests that getting kids fully vaccinated and reducing indoor air pollution are key ways to bring down pneumonia rates.
Attachment Styles and Sense of Coherence as Indicators of Treatment Adherence and Completion among Individuals with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Kerekes Nóra , Bador Kourosh , Smedeby Carro , Hansen Linus , Lundström Sofie , Eriksson Monica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a growing public health concern in Sweden. Various treatments for SUD exist, with motivational treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relapse treatment being the nationally recommended approaches. Attachment theory and the salutogenic theory with its core concept, sense of coherence (SOC) provides valuable insights into individuals’ available personal resources and their potential for adherence to treatment. The aims of the present study were to examine attachment styles (secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-anxious) and levels of SOC (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) in individuals with SUD, explore potential correlations between the dimensions of these two frameworks, and assess the ability of these two frameworks to predict treatment completion.
Methods
The study employed a quantitative design. Clinical data were collected using validated self-report instruments (the Attachment Style Questionnaire and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire) from individuals with SUD at a Swedish outpatient clinic for addiction. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and logistic regression.
Results
Individuals with SUD predominantly exhibited an insecure-avoidant attachment style. The four dimensions of an insecure attachment correlated negatively with overall SOC and with its dimensions, while the dimension of a secure attachment correlated positively with SOC. The strongest associations were found between the manageability dimension of SOC and all attachment styles. The insecure-anxious attachment style showed the strongest association with early dropout from treatment, while a stronger manageability was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of treatment completion.
Conclusion
The predominance of an insecure-avoidant attachment style among clients undergoing intensive, integrated treatment for SUD underscores the significance of reinforcing a secure attachment and enhancing SOC to facilitate treatment completion. This highlights the importance of comprehensive and integrated social and psychiatric care for individuals with SUD.
Clients’ Experiences and Satisfaction with an Integrated Intensive Outpatient Program for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Johansson Catrin , Axelsson Ida , Nilsson Maja , Bador Kourosh , Kerekes Nóra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Comorbidity between substance use disorders and other mental health conditions is common, yet existing treatments often fail to address its full spectrum. Opportunities for integrated treatment are limited, and the effects of such treatment remain relatively unexplored. This study aims to describe the experiences of individuals with substance use disorders who received treatment at an integrated intensive outpatient addiction-care clinic. Utilising a survey with quantitative measures and qualitative questions with free-text responses, the experiences of 65 clients who had completed the programme between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated. The findings indicated that most clients were highly satisfied with the treatment. The analysis revealed three main categories: strong relationships and a comprehensive treatment programme; engaged and knowledgeable staff who lead with warmth; and self-development through new experiences. Overall, clients reported high levels of satisfaction with the integrated intensive outpatient programme. Despite these positive outcomes, this study highlights the need for further research on, knowledge about and competence in the development of integrated treatment interventions for individuals with substance use disorders.
Assessing the Rheological and Filtration Loss Control Potential of Selected Plant-Based Additives in Oil-Based Mud
Authors: Bassey Idara G. , Okon Anietie N. , Igbafe Anselm I. , Essien Aniel J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In drilling operations, chemical additives pose environmental concerns during mud disposal. This study evaluated three plant-based additives, namely rice husk (RH), Detarium microcarpum (DM), and Brachystegia eurycoma (BE), in oil-based mud at low-pressure, low-temperature conditions. The mud’s rheological profile followed Herschel Bulkley’s model. With 8 g additive content, RH increased the mud apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), and yield point (YP) by 62.5%, 51.25%, and 34.38%, respectively. DM showed higher increases of 200.0%, 195.0%, and 162.5%, while BE exhibited the most significant improvements of 287.5%, 272.5%, and 250.0%. The filtration tests indicated that RH reduced spurt loss and fluid loss volumes by 83.33% and 62.35%, while DM decreased by 82.41% and 47.94%, as BE had the highest reduction of 94.44% and 51.18%. Again, the filter cake thickness of RH, DM, and BE muds increased by 210.29%, 273.53%, and 79.41%, respectively, with permeabilities of 8.90\(\:\times\:\)10−3 mD, 11.87\(\:\times\:\)10−3 mD, and 7.35\(\:\times\:\)10−3 mD. Furthermore, the mud susceptibility to NaCl showed that AV decreased for RH, DM, and BE, while YP decreased significantly. The filter cake thickness and permeability increased by 62.38 and 359.55% for RH, as the DM decreased by 93.80% and 84.37% and the BE by 96.68% and 96.62%, which indicates that RH is more susceptible to NaCl than DM and BE in the mud. Also, these plant-based additives in mud exhibited fragile gel strength and commendable cake characteristics: firm, smooth, and soft/slippery, which make them potentially suitable for oil well drilling.
Visual Rating Method for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings
Authors: Islam S. M. Muhaiminul , Bhuiyan Md. Abdur Rahman , Uddin Md. Tarek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Visual Rating Method (VRM) offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, aiding in timely decision-making for retrofitting or demolition. Its simplicity and reliance on visual observations make it accessible for initial screening, helping prioritize interventions and raise public awareness about seismic risks associated with URM buildings. This research addresses the pressing need for enhancing the seismic resilience of vulnerable buildings in earthquake prone areas, focusing on URM buildings. The study introduces a systematic visual screening method as an essential initial step in the comprehensive seismic evaluation of URM buildings. A Visual Rating (VR) approach is developed, considering the specific construction materials and practices associated with URM buildings. This method aids in establishing a priority list for identifying URM buildings that require in-depth seismic assessments. By assessing the seismic capacity of each load-bearing masonry wall at different levels within a building, a visual rating index is generated. Various critical factors, including building type, number of stories, aspect ratio, slenderness ratio of walls, opening dimensions, irregularities, pounding effect, construction age, and the physical condition of URM buildings, are meticulously considered within this developed method. To validate the efficacy of the approach, existing guidelines are considered and detailed seismic evaluations are conducted on multiple URM buildings to compare seismic index respect to visual rating index. The analytical results demonstrate that this method can serve as an efficient and pragmatic tool for expeditiously assessing a large inventory of masonry buildings in seismic-prone regions. It assists in prioritizing URM buildings for subsequent, detailed seismic evaluations while optimizing the allocation of limited resources.
Adolescent sexual life and attitudes toward contraceptive methods: a retrospective study
Authors: Iparraguirre Melva , Vadillo Beatriz Lilian Galdos , Iparraguirre Geovanna Geraldine Gutierrez , Mansilla Ivonne Rocio Poma - 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent sexuality and their attitudes towards contraceptive methods can be approached from different perspectives, on the one hand, there are those related to education in favor of the development of a positive sexuality, others in the field of the right of these people to know and explore their sexuality.
Objective: To analyze data collected on adolescent sexuality and attitudes towards the use of contraceptive methods in the last ten years at a global level.
Materials and Methods: This was quantitative research, which was developed from a descriptive and retrospective approach; this implied the search and identification of different research carried out worldwide with the purpose of locating data derived from the instruments applied in studies conducted.
Results: In Latin America and the Caribbean, research focuses on adolescent pregnancy as an indicator and its effects on the lives of adolescents; in Africa and Asia, sexual violence and cultural practices are seen as ways in which it is considered a health issue. Similarly, in Europe and Oceania the trends are preventive.
Discussion: Based on the research, the surveys that were applied and analyzed indicate that adolescents have knowledge and a favorable attitude towards the use of contraceptive methods. Conclusions: The results evidence a diversity of attitudes and behaviors among adolescents regarding the use of contraceptive methods. Although they recognize their importance, there are still challenges in the access and effective use of these methods.
Prevalence Of Cytomegalovirus Infection In Patients Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital - Single Centre Experience
Authors: Fomda Bashir Ahmad , Aman Munaza , Bashir Gulnaz , Altaf Insha , Wani Sanam , Haq Irfan ul , Imtiyaz Sheikh , Bhat Naseer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses an important public health issue. Consequential illness and death in congenitally infected and immunocompromised patients has been noticed. The extent of this issue in India has not received enough attention as ELISA has been employed for detection in the majority of studies which has less sensitivity and specificity, so this research was conducted to find out CMV using real-time PCR to determine true magnitude of CMV disease.
Methods
Samples from 181 patients of suspected CMV infection were analyzed at the Virology division of Microbiology department of a tertiary care postgraduate teaching institute, for a period of four years to detect CMV DNA by real-time PCR.
Results
Among 181 samples of patients with suspected CMV infection 96 were from male and 85 from female patients. Most common clinical presentation was meningitis/meningoencephlitis followed by post renal transplant infections. Out of total samples CMV was detected in 21% samples. Most positive samples were from infants (18.2%), followed by post renal transplant cases (2.7%). Most CMV was detected in urine samples (17.1%) followed by serum (3.8%). Four out of 14 CSF samples tested for other viruses as well, were positive for EBV (n = 1, 7%); Enterovirus (n = 2, 14%) and Varicella zoster virus (n = 1, 7%).
Conclusion
Surveillance of CMV infection by PCR has significant role to detect infection at early stage to avoid irreversible sequelae of late diagnosis.
The impact of Gd on Structural, Morphology, Dielectric Behavior of BaTiO3
Authors: Ali Ahmed I. , Alrub S. Abu , Hussein R. K. , Son Jong Yeog , Basaty A. B. El 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Barium titanate (GdxBa(1-x)TiO3) modified with replacing Barium (Ba) with Gadolinium (Gd) (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, and 1 Mol.%) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. This study elucidates the substitution mechanism of Gd3+ ions into Ba2+ ions sites, leading to the creation of Ba and oxygen vacancies to maintain charge neutrality. Structural analyses, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy, provided insights into the compositional and structural characteristics of the composites. A structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic was observed in Gd-modified BaTiO3, with coexisting phase noted in (Gd/Ba)TiO3 samples. SEM analysis revealed reduced particle size and particle shape morphology with increasing Gd content. Photoluminescence (PL) confirmed the impact of the immersion of Gd ions on the BaTiO3. Dielectric properties were examined across varying frequencies (100 Hz to 120 MHz) and temperatures (30°C to 500°C), showing a decrease in dielectric constant with increasing Gd content and frequency. This study offers an effective modulation of electronic and dielectric properties through the controlled incorporation of gadolinium in BaTiO3 material, which offers valuable insights for the development of advanced functional materials tailored for various technological applications.
Investigation of Explainable Crop Yield Prediction: Leveraging Ensemble Learning and a Novel Blend Model Approach
Authors: S Jayanthi , K Indraneel , Vivekanandan Manojkumar , Sriniva Jagadeesan , begum Ismatha , D Tamil Priya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Accurate Crop Yield Prediction (CYP) is pivotal for ensuring food security and optimizing agricultural practices. In the face of climate change and resource limitations, precise yield forecasts can help farmers make informed decisions, enhance sustainability, and effectively allocate resources.
Methods
This study affirms the superior efficacy of Ensemble Learning (EL) models in enhancing CYP accuracy and proposes a novel Blend Model that synergizes predictions from individual base learners (Random Forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost) with established ensemble techniques (Model Averaging, Stacking, Voting Regressor).
Results
Utilizing a comprehensive dataset encompassing temperature, rainfall, and pesticide usage, this approach is evaluated against established metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), R-squared (R²), and Explained Variance. The Blend Model, designed to combine the strengths of base models, achieved an exceptional R² of 0.9899, capturing nearly 99% of the variance in crop yields with minimal errors (MSE: 72,974,685.72, MAE: 3,274.39). While AdaBoost and Stacking models demonstrated effectiveness, the Blend Model outperformed them in precision. Gradient Boosting (R²: 0.8784) and Meta-AdaBoost (R²: 0.9861) showed promise but exhibited higher errors.
Conclusion
This study, for the first time, investigates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Explain Like I'm 5 (ELI5)—with EL models to elucidate the critical factors influencing CYP. This research highlights the transformative potential of EL models in agricultural practices, significantly enhancing sustainability and food security. By providing detailed insights into the factors influencing CYP, this study empowers informed decision-making by farmers and policymakers, setting a new benchmark for future research in crop yield prediction.
Drought forecast model based on Artificial Neural Networks for Brazilian municipalities
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme Garcia , Pi Nicholas Becker Pires , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Ruiz Luis Fernando Chimelo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The increase in the frequency of droughts, driven by climate change, implies the need to understand and mitigate these extreme events. In Brazil, there are technical-scientific gaps in relation to climate disaster warnings. The integration of an inventory of droughts that caused losses with remote sensing data, hydrometeorological and climate indexes, using artificial neural networks (ANN) can contribute to a drought forecast. In this study, we developed a monthly forecast model for droughts in Brazilian municipalities using ANN. Precipitation and temperature indexes, in addition to municipal descriptors, for example, the region of the country, the biome, and distance from the oceans and the Amazon, were used as predictor variables in the model. We used an inventory of droughts that caused losses by municipalities (2013–2022) from the Brazilian Integrated Disaster Information System. After model training, we tested the ANN for drought forecasts for lead times of 1–4 months, using seasonal forecast data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The overall accuracy of the ANN model for drought simulation was 0.931. The forecast accuracy ranged from 0.922 for a 1-month lead time to 0.757 for 4 months. Remarkably, the model reproduced the spatial pattern of droughts, especially when the output is interpreted as a continuous index of drought risk. We conclude that the trained model is efficient and the results indicate strong potential for drought forecasting and warning, using ANN, remote sensing data, hydrometeorological and climate indexes.
Impact of advanced paternal age on implantation failure in women with ART: interactive effects with advanced maternal age and paternal smoking and alcohol drinking
Authors: Yin Jiaqian , Chen Ruoling , Churchill David , Zou Huijuan , Guo Peipei , Liang Chunmei , Peng Xiaoqing , Wang Jieyu , Zhang Zhikang , Zhou Weiju , Cao Yunxia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
It remains unclear whether there is an independent association of paternal age with implantation failure (IF) in couples undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment. Little is known about the interactive effects of paternal age with maternal age and paternal smoking and alcohol drinking on IF.
Methods
The Anhui Maternal-Child Health Cohort Study interviewed 1910 infertile couples (paternal age ranged 22–57 years) for risk factors and conducted clinical investigations, measuring implantation outcome using serum β-HCG between 0–25 IU/L 14 days post-embryo transfer. Odds ratios (ORs) for IF in relation to paternal age, and its interaction with maternal age and paternal smoking and alcohol drinking were evaluated in logistic regression models.
Results
The risk of IF (n = 735) increased from paternal age of > = 35, while it remained similar among males aged 22–34. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and paternal factors including lifestyles, semen volume and morphology, the OR for IF was 1.50 (95%CI 1.16–1.93) in paternal age of 35-<40 years, 2.06 (1.34–3.16) in 40-<45 years and 3.80 (2.50–7.07) in ≥ 45 years in comparison to those aged < 35. With additional adjustment for maternal age and maternal factors including anovulation and antral follicle counting, the corresponding ORs were 1.19 (0.89–1.60), 1.31 (0.79–2.16) and 2.13 (1.06–4.29). The association remained significant in those with maternal age > 30, paternal smoking or alcohol drinking, but not in their counterparts, respectively. Significant interaction effects were observed between advanced paternal age and maternal age, as well as paternal alcohol drinking.
Conclusions
Paternal age beginning at 35 years elevates IF risk, with additional impacts from maternal age and paternal alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the need to consider paternal and maternal ages in fertility planning and suggest that abstaining from paternal smoking and alcohol drinking could reduce IF risk.
Robust identification of orthologous synteny with the Orthology Index and its applications in reconstructing the evolutionary history of plant genomes
Authors: Jia Kai-Hua , Zhang Ren-Gang , Shang Hong-Yun , Shu Heng , Ma Yongpeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We developed a scalable and robust approach, the Orthology Index (OI), to accurately identify orthologous synteny by calculating the proportion of pre-inferred orthologs within syntenic blocks. Our evaluation of a comprehensive dataset comprising nearly 100 known cases with diverse polyploidy events revealed that the approach is highly reliable and robust in the identification of orthologous synteny. This discovery highlights OI as a potentially universal criterion for the automated identification of orthologous synteny. Additionally, we demonstrate its broad applications in reconstructing plant genome evolutionary histories, including polyploidy and reticulation inference, and phylogenomics. The index is packaged in an all-in-one toolkit (https://github.com/zhangrengang/OrthoIndex).