bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are road verges corridors for weed invasion? Insights from the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of Raphanus raphanistrum
Authors: Barnaud A , Kalwij J M , Berthouly‐Salazar C , McGeoch M A , Jansen van Vuuren B 
Published: June 2013

SummaryRaphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) is considered amongst the world's worst agricultural weeds. We address critical issues in its management by studying the pathway of colonisation at local scales. For this, we assessed the small‐scale spatial genetic structure of 231 samples collected from three different sites across the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, using 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. Although natural pollen and seed dispersal were expected to be restricted, we found no significant relationship between genetic and geographical distance within sites. Instead, our results suggest that R. raphanistrum had colonised new habitats via jump dispersal, rather than through natural diffusive dispersal at local scales. We did not find evidence for road verges as dispersal corridors, as evidenced by a lack of isolation‐by‐distance at local scales. Instead, the absence of spatial genetic structure suggests that R. raphanistrum had rapidly spread throughout its current range, possibly facilitated by human‐mediated actions. Management plans addressing containment or suppression of the weedy species R. raphanistrum (and possibly other weedy species) should take the high degree of connectivity between distant geographical localities into account.
A method for online verification of adapted fields using an independent dose monitor
Authors: Chang Jina , Heaton Robert K. , Mahon Robert , Norrlinger Bernhard D. , Jaffray David A. , Cho Young‐Bin , Islam Mohammad K. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:Clinical implementation of online adaptive radiotherapy requires generation of modified fields and a method of dosimetric verification in a short time. We present a method of treatment field modification to account for patient setup error, and an online method of verification using an independent monitoring system.Methods:The fields are modified by translating each multileaf collimator (MLC) defined aperture in the direction of the patient setup error, and magnifying to account for distance variation to the marked isocentre. A modified version of a previously reported online beam monitoring system, the integral quality monitoring (IQM) system, was investigated for validation of adapted fields. The system consists of a large area ion‐chamber with a spatial gradient in electrode separation to provide a spatially sensitive signal for each beam segment, mounted below the MLC, and a calculation algorithm to predict the signal. IMRT plans of ten prostate patients have been modified in response to six randomly chosen setup errors in three orthogonal directions.Results:A total of approximately 49 beams for the modified fields were verified by the IQM system, of which 97% of measured IQM signal agree with the predicted value to within 2%.Conclusions:The modified IQM system was found to be suitable for online verification of adapted treatment fields.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Oral Commensal, Streptococcus oligofermentans Strain AS 1.3089
Authors: Tong Huichun , Shang Nan , Liu Li , Wang Xinhui , Cai Jun , Dong Xiuzhu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus oligofermentans
, an oral commensal, inhibits the growth of the dental caries pathogen
Streptococcus mutans
by producing large amounts of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, it can be a potential probiotic for oral health. Here we report the complete genome sequence of
S. oligofermentans
strain AS 1.3089.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces viridochromogenes Strain Tü57, Producer of Avilamycin
Authors: Grüning Björn A. , Erxleben Anika , Hähnlein Anna , Günther Stefan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces viridochromogenes
Tü57. This strain is a producer of avilamycin A, an oligosaccharide antibiotic from the orthosomycin group, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria.
Xylanase Superproducer: Genome Sequence of a Compost-Loving Thermophilic Fungus,
Thermomyces lanuginosus
Strain SSBP
Authors: Mchunu Nokuthula Peace , Permaul Kugen , Abdul Rahman Ahmad Yamin , Saito Jennifer A. , Singh Suren , Alam Maqsudul 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Thermomyces lanuginosus
strain SSBP, which was isolated from soil in South Africa. This fungus produces the largest amount of xylanase ever reported in the literature.
Draft Genome of a Type 4 Pilus Defective Myxococcus xanthus Strain, DZF1
Authors: Müller Susanne , Willett Jonathan W. , Bahr Sarah M. , Scott Jodie C. , Wilson Janet M. , Darnell Cynthia L. , Vlamakis Hera C. , Kirby John R. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Myxococcus xanthus
is a member of the
Myxococcales
order within the deltaproteobacterial subdivision. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of the type IV pilus (T4P) defective strain DZF1, which includes many genes found in strain DZ2 but absent from strain DK1622.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain PR05
Authors: Ismail Azwin , Teh L. K. , Ngeow Y. F. , Norazmi M. N. , Zainul Zainuddin F. , Tang T. H. , Najimudin N. , Salleh M. Z. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the annotated genome sequence of a clinical isolate,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain PR05, which was isolated from the human cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in an Icelandic birth cohort
Authors: Saemundsen Evald , Magnússon Páll , Georgsdóttir Ingibjörg , Egilsson Erlendur , Rafnsson Vilhjálmur 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesA steady increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been reported in studies based on different methods, requiring adjustment for participation and missing data. Recent studies with high ASD prevalence rates rarely report on co-occurring medical conditions. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of clinically confirmed cases of ASD in Iceland and concomitant medical conditions.DesignThe cohort is based on a nationwide database on ASD among children born during 1994–1998.ParticipantsA total of 267 children were diagnosed with ASD, 197 boys and 70 girls. Only clinically confirmed cases were included. All received physical and neurological examination, standardised diagnostic workup for ASD, as well as cognitive testing. ASD diagnosis was established by interdisciplinary teams. Information on medical conditions and chromosomal testing was obtained by record linkage with hospital registers.SettingTwo tertiary institutions in Iceland. The population registry recorded 22 229 children in the birth cohort.ResultsPrevalence of all ASD was 120.1/10 000 (95% CI 106.6 to 135.3), for boys 172.4/10 000 (95% CI 150.1 to 198.0) and for girls 64.8/10 000 (95% CI 51.3 to 81.8). Prevalence of all medical conditions was 17.2% (95% CI 13.2 to 22.2), including epilepsy of 7.1% (95% CI 4.6 to 10.8). The proportion of ASD cases with cognitive impairment (intellectual quotient <70) was 45.3%, but only 34.1% were diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID). Children diagnosed earlier or later did not differ on mean total score on a standardised interview for autism.ConclusionsThe number of clinically verified cases is larger than in previous studies, yielding a prevalence of ASD on a similar level as found in recent non-clinical studies. The prevalence of co-occurring medical conditions was high, considering the low proportion of ASD cases that also had ID. Earlier detection is clearly desirable in order to provide counselling and treatment.
Endovascular treatment for traumatic scalp arteriovenous fistulas: results with Onyx embolization
Authors: Dabus Guilherme , Pizzolato Raffaella , Lin Eugene , Kreusch Andreas , Linfante Italo 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundArteriovenous fistulas of the scalp (S-AVFs) are rare lesions and may occur spontaneously or secondary to trauma. The use of Onyx for the treatment of S-AVFs is not well established at this time. We discuss three cases of traumatic S-AVFs treated successfully with Onyx embolization alone or in association with coils.MethodsThe database of patients treated at the Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Florida, was reviewed. All patients with traumatic S-AVFs treated with Onyx were included.ResultsTwo men and one woman with progressive enlarging pulsatile mass with bruit or tinnitus had angiographic evidence of S-AVF and were treated. In two patients the S-AVFs were secondary to hair transplantation. They were treated with Onyx-18 embolization as the single treatment modality. One patient with S-AVF resulting from temporomandibular joint arthroscopy was treated with coils and subsequent Onyx-34 embolization. In one patient, transarterial microcatheterization and injection of Onyx-18 was performed. In another patient, the intra-arterial approach was prevented by arterial vessel tortuosity. Therefore, access to the fistula was obtained through direct puncture of a large frontal vein; contrast injection confirmed the positioning of the needle within the draining vein of the AVF and Onyx-18 was then injected while the outflow vein was compressed. In the third patient in this series, coils were deployed to allow safer and more controlled injection of Onyx-34. No procedure related complications were noted. Post-embolization angiography demonstrated successful and complete occlusion of the AVF immediately after treatment. Follow-up revealed complete resolution of the symptoms.ConclusionsOur experience in this small series indicates that endovascular treatment of S-AVFs with Onyx is rapid, safe, and highly effective.
Emergency physician recognition of delirium
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Miller Thomas , Frisch Adam , Callaway Clifton 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the recognition of delirium by emergency physicians based on observations made during routine clinical care with concurrent ratings made by a trained researcher after formal cognitive assessment and to examine each of the four individual features of delirium separately to determine the variation in identification across features.MethodsIn a prospective study, a convenience sample of 259 patients, aged ≥65 years, who presented to two urban, teaching hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Western Pennsylvania between 21 June and 29 August 2011, underwent paired delirium ratings by an emergency physician and a trained researcher. Emergency physicians were asked to use their clinical judgment to decide whether the patient had any of the following delirium features: (1) acute change in mental status, (2) inattention, (3) disorganised thinking and (4) altered level of consciousness. Questions were prompted with examples of delirium features from the Confusion Assessment Method. Concurrently, a trained researcher interviewed surrogates to determine feature 1, conducted a cognitive test for delirium (Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit) to determine delirium features 2 and 3 and used the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale to determine feature 4.ResultsIn the 2-month study period, trained researchers identified delirium in 24/259 (9%; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.13) older patients admitted to the ED. However, attending emergency physicians recognised delirium in only 8 of the 24 and misidentified delirium in a further seven patients. Emergency physicians were particularly poor at recognising altered level of consciousness but were better at recognising acute change in mental status and inattention.ConclusionsWhen emergency physicians use routine clinical observations, they may miss diagnosing up to two-thirds of patients with delirium. Recognition of delirium can be enhanced with standardised cognitive testing.
Persistent long-term (
c.
24 Ma) exhumation in the Eastern Alaska Range constrained by stacked thermochronology
Authors: Benowitz Jeff A. , Layer Paul W. , Vanlaningham Sam 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

To address Miocene–present episodic v. persistent exhumation, we utilize a simple graphical procedure that vertically stacks spatially diverse K-feldspar
40
Ar/
39
Ar multi-domain diffusion (MDD) models from the length of the approximately 100 km-long high-peak region of the Eastern Alaska Range. We supply additional constraints with
40
Ar/
39
Ar mica dating because the higher closure-temperature-window places limits on the initiation of rapid Eastern Alaska Range exhumation. We also provide a broad
40
Ar/
39
Ar K-feldspar minimum closure age data set to add more detail on spatial patterns in the regional exhumation history for the Eastern Alaska Range. We find that rapid and persistent exhumation has occurred in the Eastern Alaska Range since about 24 Ma at a long-term rate of approximately 0.9 km/Ma, but that this rapid exhumation is spatially variable through time. Onset of rapid Eastern Alaska Range exhumation is coincident with the initiation of rapid exhumation in SW Alaska, the Western Alaska Range and the Chugach–Saint Elias Range at around 25 Ma, implying a region-wide deformational response to a change in tectonic forcing. The initiation of highly coupled flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate is probably responsible for this prolonged period of rapid exhumation in southern Alaska.

Supplementary material:

Sample locations from the Eastern Alaska Range, and
40
Ar/
39
Ar data tables and age spectrum figures are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18603
.
Thrombocytosis as a Response to High Interleukin-6 Levels in cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase I Mutant Mice
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lukowski Robert , Gaertner Florian , Lorenz Michael , Legate Kyle R. , Domes Katrin , Angermeier Elisabeth , Hofmann Franz , Massberg Steffen 
Published: June 2013

Objective—
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cGMP-dependent kinase I (cGKI) on platelet production.

Approach and Results—

We used hematology analyser to measure platelet counts in conventional cGKI-null mutants (cGKI
L1/L1
), gene-targeted cGKIα/β rescue mice (referred to as cGKI-smooth muscle [SM]) in which cGKI expression is specifically restored only in SM, platelet factor 4-Cre
tg/+
; cGKI
L2/L2
mice in which the cGKI protein was specifically deleted in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage and cGKI-deficient bone marrow–chimeras. Thrombocytosis was detected in cGKI
L1/L1
and in cGKI-SM. In contrast, neither platelet factor 4-Cre
tg/+
; cGKI
L2/L2
nor cGKI-deficient bone marrow–chimeras displayed a thrombocytosis phenotype, indicating that the high platelet count in cGKI
L1/L1
and cGKI-SM mutants is attributable to loss of an extrinsic signal rather than reflecting an intrinsic defect in megakaryopoiesis. Cytometric analyses further showed that stimulation of bone marrow–derived wild-type megakaryocytes in vitro using serum preparations obtained from cGKI-SM mutants strongly accelerated megakaryopoiesis, suggesting that the high platelet count develops in response to serum factors. Indeed, using ELISA assay, we found elevated levels of interleukin-6, a known stimulator of thrombopoiesis, in cGKI-SM mutant serum, whereas interleukin-6 levels were unaltered in platelet factor 4-Cre
tg/+
; cGKI
L2/L2
mice and cGKI-deficient bone marrow–chimeras. Accordingly, antibody-mediated blockade of interleukin-6 normalized platelet counts in cGKI-SM mice.

Conclusions—
Abnormal cGMP/cGKI signaling in nonhematopoietic cells affects thrombopoiesis via elevated interleukin-6 production and results in thrombocytosis in vivo. Dysfunction of cGMP/cGKI signaling in nonhematopoietic cells contributes to a high platelet count, which is potentially associated with thrombosis.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Corrupts Coronary Collateral Growth by Activating Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Kinase-α Signaling
Authors: Pung Yuh Fen , Sam Wai Johnn , Stevanov Kelly , Enrick Molly , Chen Chwen-Lih , Kolz Christopher , Thakker Prashanth , Hardwick James P. , Chen Yeong-Renn , Dyck Jason R.B. , Yin Liya , Chilian William M. 
Published: June 2013

Objective—
Our goal was to determine the mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative stress impairs collateral growth in the heart.

Approach and Results—

Rats were treated with rotenone (mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that increases reactive oxygen species production) or sham-treated with vehicle and subjected to repetitive ischemia protocol for 10 days to induce coronary collateral growth. In control rats, repetitive ischemia increased flow to the collateral-dependent zone; however, rotenone treatment prevented this increase suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress compromises coronary collateral growth. In addition, rotenone also attenuated mitochondrial complex I activity and led to excessive mitochondrial aggregation. To further understand the mechanistic pathway(s) involved, human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with 50 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor, 1 µmol/L rotenone, and rotenone/vascular endothelial growth factor for 48 hours. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced robust tube formation; however, rotenone completely inhibited this effect (
P
<0.05 rotenone versus vascular endothelial growth factor treatment). Inhibition of tube formation by rotenone was also associated with significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation. Immunoblot analyses of human coronary artery endothelial cells with rotenone treatment showed significant activation of adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK)-α and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. Activation of AMPK-α suggested impairments in energy production, which was reflected by decrease in O
2
consumption and bioenergetic reserve capacity of cultured cells. Knockdown of AMPK-α (siRNA) also preserved tube formation during rotenone, suggesting the negative effects were mediated by the activation of AMPK-α. Conversely, expression of a constitutively active AMPK-α blocked tube formation.

Conclusions—
We conclude that activation of AMPK-α during mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, which impairs phenotypic switching necessary for the growth of blood vessels.
Bis(Monoacylglycero)Phosphate Accumulation in Macrophages Induces Intracellular Cholesterol Redistribution, Attenuates Liver-X Receptor/ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1/ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G1 Pathway, and Impairs Cholesterol Efflux
Authors: Luquain-Costaz Céline , Lefai Etienne , Arnal-Levron Maud , Markina Daria , Sakaï Shota , Euthine Vanessa , Makino Asami , Guichardant Michel , Yamashita Shizuya , Kobayashi Toshihide , Lagarde Michel , Moulin Philippe , Delton-Vandenbroucke Isabelle 
Published: June 2013

Objective—
Endosomal signature phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) has been involved in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Accumulation of BMP is a hallmark of lipid storage disorders and was recently reported as a noticeable feature of oxidized low-density lipoprotein–laden macrophages. This study was designed to delineate the consequences of macrophage BMP accumulation on intracellular cholesterol distribution, metabolism, and efflux and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Approach and Results—
We have developed an experimental design to specifically increase BMP content in RAW 264.7 macrophages. After BMP accumulation, cell cholesterol distribution was markedly altered, despite no change in low-density lipoprotein uptake and hydrolysis, cholesterol esterification, or total cell cholesterol content. The expression of cholesterol-regulated genes sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2 and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase was decreased by 40%, indicative of an increase of endoplasmic reticulum–associated cholesterol. Cholesterol delivery to plasma membrane was reduced as evidenced by the 20% decrease of efflux by cyclodextrin. Functionally, BMP accumulation reduced cholesterol efflux to both apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein by 40% and correlated with a 40% decrease in mRNA contents of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1, and liver-X receptor α and β. Foam cell formation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein exposure was exacerbated in BMP-enriched cells.

Conclusions—
The present work shows for the first time a strong functional link between BMP and cholesterol-regulating genes involved in both intracellular metabolism and efflux. We propose that accumulation of cellular BMP might contribute to the deregulation of cholesterol homeostasis in atheromatous macrophages.
Emergency Department Bypass for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Identified With a Prehospital Electrocardiogram
Authors: Bagai Akshay , Jollis James G. , Dauerman Harold L. , Peng S. Andrew , Rokos Ivan C. , Bates Eric R. , French William J. , Granger Christopher B. , Roe Matthew T. 
Published: June 2013

Background—
For patients identified before hospital arrival with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, bypassing the emergency department (ED) with direct transport to the catheterization laboratory may shorten reperfusion times.

Methods and Results—

We studied 12 581 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients identified with a prehospital ECG treated at 371 primary percutaneous coronary intervention–capable US hospitals participating in the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines, including those participating in the American Heart Association Mission: Lifeline program from 2008 to 2011. Reperfusion times with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital mortality rates were compared between patients undergoing ED evaluation and those bypassing the ED. ED bypass occurred in 1316 patients (10.5%). These patients had a lower frequency of heart failure and shock on presentation and nonsystem reasons for delay in percutaneous coronary intervention. ED bypass occurred more frequently during working hours compared with off-hours (18.3% versus 4.3%); ED bypass rate varied significantly across hospitals (median, 3.3%; range, 0%–71%). First medical contact to device activation time was shorter (median, 68 minutes [interquartile range, 54–85 minutes] versus 88 minutes [interquartile range, 73–106 minutes];
P
<0.0001) and achieved within 90 minutes more frequently (80.7% versus 53.7%;
P
<0.0001) with ED bypass. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was lower among ED bypass patients (2.7% versus 4.1%;
P
=0.01), but the adjusted mortality risk was similar (adjusted odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–1.03;
P
=0.07).

Conclusions—
Among ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients identified with a prehospital ECG, the rate of ED bypass varied significantly across US hospitals, but ED bypass occurred infrequently and was mostly isolated to working hours. Because ED bypass was associated with shorter reperfusion times and numerically lower mortality rates, further exploration of and advocacy for the implementation of this process appear warranted.
An Explanation for the Reading ἐν µέσῳ αὐτῆς in LXX-Jer 29:14 in Light of Dalet-Resh Interchange
Authors: Riley Jason 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article argues that in LXX-Jer 29, the rendering ἐν µέσῳ αὐτῆς “in her midst” suggests that the Greek translator had before him a true variant which read בצדה rather than בצרה, which the MT reads. The variant בצדה is supported by several other Greek versions. Furthermore, dalet-resh interchange is a common phenomenon exhibited by LXX-Jer 29 and the parallel Hebrew texts.