bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The improvement of Spoke‐Wheel pattern foveoschisis in a patient with X‐linked retinoschisis treated with topical dorzolamide observed by high‐resolution adaptive optics camera
Authors: Gocho K. , Akeo K. , Kameya S. , Yamaki K. , Mizota A. , Takahashi H. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to report the improvement of foveomacular cavities and spoke‐wheel pattern retinoschisis observed by spectral‐domain optical coherence topmography (SD‐OCT) and high‐resolution adaptive optics fundus camera in a patient with XLRS treated with topical dorzolamide.MethodsA 42 y.o. man with XLRS underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations. A mutation of RS1 gene was detected earlier. The ophthalmological examinations included SD‐OCT, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and full‐field and multifocal ERGs. Fundus images with microscopic resolution were obtained using the AO retinal camera (rtx1, Imagine Eyes, France). He was treated with topical dorzolamide three times a day. Transverse foveomacular cavities was observed by SD‐OCT and the en‐face images of spoke‐wheel pattern foveoschisis was observed by AO fundus camera during a follow‐up period.ResultsHis BCVA was 0.15 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye. The right eye showed atrophic macular degeneration and left eye showed spoke‐wheel pattern foveoschisis. SD‐OCT showed the thinning of retinal thickness in the right eye and cystoid foveoschisis in the left eye. AO images showed spoke‐wheel pattern retinal fold in the left eye. The spoke‐wheel pattern in AO was sharper compared to the images obtained by fundus photography and autofluorescence imaging. After 14 month of treatment with topical dorzolamid, improvement of foveomacular cavities in SD‐OCT was observed. The spoke‐wheel pattern retinal fold in AO become obscure after treatment, however still detectable even after foveomacular cavities in SD‐OCT was almost disappeared.ConclusionsAO imaging showed detailed microstructure of spoke‐wheel pattern foveoschisis and their improvement during a follow‐up period. AO imaging may be helpful in clarifying the pathology of the foveoschisis in XLRS.
Long‐term results orthokeratological therapy in patients with myopia
Authors: Bushuyeva N. , Maliieva O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe potential impact of the peripheral refraction on the refractogenesis and development of myopia is validating for using orthokeratologicaltherapy to form a peripheral myopic defocus in patients with myopia. The purpose of the research was to study the long‐term results of orthokeratologicaltherapy in patients with myopia.Methods21 patients (42 eyes) with myopia from ‐0.75 D to ‐4.5 diopters σ = (−2.35 ± 1.22) D, with average age (12.43 ± 6.09), used the night contact lenses Paragon CRT 100 were followed up for 3 years. Methods of examination included visometry, keratometry and refractometry after cycloplegy with Cyclomed 1% with using KR‐8900, Topcon and HRK‐7000, Huvitz; ultrasonic eye`s biometry with Desmin M (thickness of cornea and lens, depth of anterior chamber, length of vitreous) before and after 3 years using OK‐ therapy. We have used (patent Ukraine № 91371, 24.06.2014) coefficient K = ((AC+L/2)/(V+L/2)) × 100, AC ‐ anterior chamber, L ‐ thickness of lens, length of vitreous.ResultsThe long‐term results of orthokeratological therapy showed the positive effect to slow of the myopic process. After 3 years OK‐ therapy myopia was stabilized in 27 eyes (64.29%). The date 31 and more of coefficient K showed the refractive type of myopia and less then 31 ‐ showed axial type of myopia. The refractive type of myopia was in 22 eyes (52.38%) and axial type of myopia was in 20 eyes (47.62%).ConclusionsThe most positive effect of orthokeratological therapy observed in patients with refractive component due to the curvature of the cornea. Coefficient have showed the type of axial or refractive myopia (Patent Ukraine № 83299U, 27.08.2013). The coefficient can be used for prognosis of progression myopia.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms that predispose patients to develop post‐PRK haze
Authors: Rajiv Kumar N. , Ghosh A. , Shetty R. , Pahuja N. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeFactors that predispose certain patients to develop post‐surgical haze remain unknown.We analyzed gene expression in corneal epithelium collected from patients prior to haze development following PRK. We further developed an in‐vitro model to study haze using TGFβ that mimics pre‐disposed and post haze conditions.MethodsCorneal epithelium was collected intraoperatively from patients undergoing PRK. 4 eyes that developed haze postoperatively and 10 eyes of age matched controls without haze were analysed. Microarray analysis was followed by bioinformatics and validation. In vitro studies were performed on HCE cells on differential doses of TGFβ with or without wound for inflammatory markers, structural & pro‐fibrotic genes and regulators of signaling cascades.ResultsMicroarray analysis revealed 1100 up regulated and 1700 down regulated genes in haze patients. ECM‐ Receptor interactions were elevated in patients prior to haze induction while Wnt signaling genes and CXC motif chemokines were reduced. Structural genes (Col I, Col IV, MMP2 & 14, TIMP1) were reduced in haze patients which correlated with in‐vitro model. Inflammatory factors TNFα, IL‐11 were elevated, but IL6 and IL1 did not show appreciable changes. Regulators of signaling cascades EGFR and Wnt3a were reduced in haze patients & in vitro. We propose a signal transduction network including few novel genes like PREX1, PXDN, SOX17, WNT3A, CXCL10 etc which can be factors that predispose patients to haze.ConclusionsOur study shows that molecular factors poise the cornea in some patients to developing corneal haze after surgery.
Integrated multi‐omic analysis of human retinoblastoma identifies novel regulatory networks
Authors: Sureshbabu V. , Mallipatna A. , Guha N. , SA D. , Lateef S. , Gundimeda S. , Padmanabhan A. , Shetty R. , Ghosh A. 
Published: September 2015

Purposea) Elucidate the differential expression profiles in tumors & invitro models. b) Identify novel signal transductions and key regulators in retinoblastoma.MethodsInstitutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained prior to sample collection. We used enucleated eyes of 9 case samples & 2 pediatric deceased controls. Total RNA was extracted from tumor & control retina samples for mRNA, miRNA microarray and RT‐PCR for gene expression validation in tumors. Patient's aqueous, vitreous and tears were analysed by LC/GC‐MS to validate metabolic profiles of retinoblastoma. RB invitro models were developed using cell lines MCF‐7, Y79 & Weri, for correlative analysis with patient data.ResultsWe identified 8 key differentially regulated pathways and genes, from the mRNA expression profile. The miRNA expression profile helps to discover 18 novel miRNAs which regulates key target genes identified by mRNA microarrays. Multi‐ omics analysis of metabolomics data with gene expression profiles revealed key regulators belonging to common pathways. RB1 silenced MCF‐7 showed significant overlap in key cell cycle genes & RB1 complemented retinoblastoma cell line Y79 mimics gain of function of molecular signature.ConclusionsOverall, the study identifies molecular mechanisms driving retinoblastoma and provides an in‐vitro modelling framework for further studies.
Effects of selective retina therapy on retinal oxygen saturation compared to conventional photocoagulation in rabbits
Authors: Kim J.R. , Roh Y.J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeSubvisible selective retina therapy (SRT) was designed to target retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) without damaging adjacent photoreceptors. This study evaluated the changes in retinal oxygen saturation and retina histology after SRT compared to conventional photocoagulation(PC) in rabbits.MethodsOne eye in each of 10 chinchilla bastard rabbits was treated with 144 spots of SRT (527 nm) or conventional laser treatment (577 nm), respectively. After treatment, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were performed to detect lesions. At 1 week post‐treatment, retinal oxygen saturation in untreated, SRT‐treated, and PC‐treated areas was evaluated in five eyes. Histologic evaluation was performed using light and electronic microscopy. At 4 weeks post‐treatment, the same procedures were performed in the remaining five eyes.ResultsAt 1 week post‐treatment, mean retinal oxygen saturation in the PC‐treated area (23.3 ± 7.2 mm Hg) was relatively higher than in the untreated (16.6 ± 4.3) and SRT (15.34 ± 5.3) areas. Similar results were found at 4 weeks post‐treatment (PC‐treated, 25.3 ± 8.5; untreated, 14.4 ± 5.2, SRT‐treated, 15.2 ± 4.6). OCT and histological examinations revealed selective RPE damage while sparing photoreceptors in the SRT lesion. In contrast, broad damage in multiple retinal layers including the photoreceptors was observed in conventional PC lesions.ConclusionsIncreased retinal oxygen saturation after conventional PC might be due to widespread destruction of retinal layers including photoreceptors which is most oxygen consuming structure in retina. In contrast, relatively unchanged retinal oxygen saturation was observed in SRT lesions with intact retinal layers and photoreceptors. SRT can be used as an photoreceptor saving laser therapy in RPE dysfunction diseases such as DME or CSC.
Assessment of the performances of a handheld in vivo confocal microscope for the analysis of human corneal innervation
Authors: Brehon A. , Perrot J.L. , Cinotti E. , Labeille B. , Grivet D. , Crouzet E. , Gain P. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe previously reported, for the first time, the use of a dermatological handheld in vivo confocal microscope (IVCM), VivaScope 3000 (Lucid, NY), for the imaging of the ocular surface and ocular adnexa (AmJOphthalmol2015;159:324). Aim: to further assess its performances for qualitative and quantitative analysis of corneal innervation.MethodsClinical interventional prospective single‐center study comparing the first version of the handy handheld VivaScope 3000 with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRTIII‐RCM) as a reference. The right central subbasal plexus (SBP) of healthy corneas of non‐diabetic patients, diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy and diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy was analyzed the same day with both IVCMs by the same observer. The three best images were selected for each device and the nerve density, the number of nerves by frame, the number of branch per frame, and tortuosity of the nerves of the central SBP were calculated using NeuronJ. Analyzes were done on similar areas, blind to the IVCM type, then on full fields.ResultsThe VivaScope provided 920 × 920 μm images versus 400 × 400 μm for the HRTIII‐RCM. Images of the SBP were easily obtained but the 4 parameters were significantly lower in the 3 populations with the VivaScope despite a larger field of view. Comparisons between populations are ongoing.ConclusionsThis handheld dermatological IVCM is able to image the SBP but is less informative than the static HRTIII‐RCM. For SBP, the larger field is not an advantage because most of the field is out of focus. Improvements of the IVCM objective are proposed. GRANT: project INNOVEYE GIRCI RAA.
Correlation between radiation dose and damage to optic disc and macula in eyes treated with ruthenium brachytherapy
Authors: Espensen C.A. , Fog L.S. , Klemp K. , Aznar M.C. , Specht L. , Kiilgaard J.F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposePoor visual acuity and blindness due to retinal damage are challenging side effects to 106Ru‐plaque treatments of malignant melanomas. In this study, we evaluated the dose to fovea and to the optic nerve and investigated the link between dose and the occurrence of macular and optic nerve damage.MethodsThe study included 54 patients treated in 2005 and 2006 in Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. Six patients were excluded due to missing information on ocular outcome. Using dedicated commercial software, the tumour was retrospectively contoured on pre‐treatment fundus images. The position of the plaque was determined from the radiation scar in post‐treatment fundus images and enabled to recreate the dose distribution. The presence of ocular damage was determined from the same post‐treatment fundus images. The dose to the fovea and optic nerve were reported and compared to the presence of ocular damage.ResultsThe estimated dose to the macula for patients with macular damage (median: 64 Gy, range: 7–668 Gy) was significantly larger than for patients with no macular damage (me‐ dian: 7, range: 0‐31 Gy) (p = 1.8·10−7). Optic nerve doses for patients with optic nerve damage (median: 87 Gy, range: 38–257 Gy) similarly differed significantly from those for patients without damage (median: 17 Gy, range: 0–122 Gy) (p = 1.7·10−4).ConclusionsAfter 106Ru‐plaque treatment, patients where ocular damage was identified had received a significantly higher dose to the macula and optic nerve compared to patients with no signs of ocular damage.
Investigation of genotype‐phenotype correlation of TGFBI mutations reveals c.1868G>A; p.(Gly623Asp) is associated with a variable clinical phenotype, including epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
Authors: Evans C. , Davidson A. , Carnt N. , Veli N. , Tuft S.J. , Hardcastle A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeAutosomal dominant mutations in TGFBI cause a range of clinically distinct corneal dystrophies. We investigated the TGFBI mutation spectrum in our cohort and correlated genotype with phenotype.MethodsTGFBI exons 4, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16 were Sanger sequenced in 59 unrelated probands attending Moorfields Eye Hospital with a diagnosis of a potential TGBFI‐associated corneal dystrophy.ResultsThe majority of individuals, 86%, carried a mutation at one of the two known hotspot residues for TGFBI‐associated corneal dystrophies: Arg‐124 and Arg‐555. Mutations affecting either of these residues demonstrated genotype‐phenotype correlation. A c.1868G>A; p.(Gly623Asp) mutation was identified in five unrelated probands; one with a clinical diagnosis of lattice corneal dystrophy, two with a Bowman's layer dystrophy (Reis‐Bϋcklers or Thiel‐Behnke corneal dystrophy) and two with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The clinical variability associated with this mutation indicates that other genetic or environmental factors can influence phenotypic expression.ConclusionsThis is the first time the c.1868G>A; p.(Gly623Asp) mutation has been associated with EBMD, although other mutations in TGFBI have previously been identified in a small number of EBMD patients. These results demonstrate that the c.1868G>A; p.(Gly623Asp) mutation is responsible for a significant proportion of the disease burden for TGFBI‐associated corneal dystrophies in the UK and highlights the need for patients with EBMD to be screened for mutations in TGFBI.
Impact of Intravitreal Aflibercept (IVT‐AFL) on Diabetic Retinopathy in the VIVID‐DME and VISTA‐DME Studies
Authors: Larsen L.M. , Metzig C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposePost‐hoc analysis to assess changes in the diabetic retinopathy severity scale (DRSS) score and the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in VIVID‐DME and VISTA‐DME.MethodsPatients (pts) were randomized to IVT‐AFL 2 mg every 4 weeks + sham laser (2q4), IVT‐AFL 2 mg every 8 weeks (after 5 initial monthly doses) + sham laser (2q8), or laser + sham injections. Primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline (BL) in visual acuity at week (W)52; the proportion of pts with a ≥ 2‐step improvement from BL on the DRSS was a secondary endpoint at W100. Pts were considered to have developed PDR if BL DRSS score was <61 and there was ≥1 post‐baseline DRSS score ≥61. Results are presented for pooled IVT‐AFL 2q4 and 2q8 treatment arms.ResultsThe proportion of pts receiving IVT‐AFL vs. laser with a ≥ 2‐step improvement in DRSS at W100 was 31.0% vs. 8.2% (VIVID‐DME) and 37.0% vs. 15.6% (VISTA‐DME). The proportion of pts receiving IVT‐AFL vs. laser who developed PDR through W100 was 1.8% vs. 5.3% (VIVID‐DME) and 2.6% vs. 12.3% (VISTA‐DME); when data were integrated across the two trials, the respective proportions were 2.4% vs. 9.4% (nominal P ≤ 0.0001). The most common ocular serious AE in IVT‐AFL‐treated pts was cataract (VIVID‐DME, 2.2%, VISTA‐DME, 1.3%).ConclusionsA greater proportion of pts treated with IVT‐AFL experienced ≥step improvements in DRSS scores at W100 compared with laser‐treated pts. A smaller proportion of IVT‐AFL‐treated pts in both studies developed PDR compared with laser. These findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of IVT‐AFL not only on DME, but also on the underlying diabetic retinopathy.
Comparison of Humphrey visual field perimetry and new invented PC‐based visual field testing system in healthy people and glaucoma patients
Authors: Kim Y.G. , Lee J. , Lee B. , Kim S. , Lee N. , Kim S. , Park J. , You H. , Kang J.H. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the visual field test in healthy people and glaucoma patients with Humphrey visual field perimetry (HFA) and new invented PC‐based visual field testing system (PCVF).MethodsThis prospective study included 48 healthy people and 37 glaucoma patients who underwent both HFA and PCVF. Pattern standard deviation (PSD), mean deviation (MD) were compared between the 2 tests using Pearson correlation. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCs) for discriminating healthy from glaucoma, sensitivity and cut‐off value at 80% and 90% specificity of MD and PSD were determined in HFA and PCVF.ResultsMD and PSD were correlated in glaucomatous eyes (r = 0.48, 0.50 p < 0.002, <0.002). The AUCs of MD and PSD from HFA were 0.882, 0.903 and those from PCVF were 0.676, 0.813. The sensitivity at 80% specificity of MD was 81.1% in HFA, 43.2% in PCVF, with the cut off value of PSD at 80% specificity at −2.86 dB in HFA and −4.40 dB in PCVF.ConclusionsMD and PSD data from HFA and PCVF significantly correlated in glaucomatous eyes. PCVF can be comparable to HAF for visual field testing system.
Anterior segment changes after femtosecond cataract surgery measured with optical coherence tomography and scheimpflug imaging technology
Authors: Perez Carrasco M.J. , Fernández‐Cuenca S. , Lorente‐Hevia M.P. , Álvarez de Rementería L. , Aldaham S. , Puell M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle size (IAS) and central corneal thickness (CCT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging technology (SIT) in subjects implanted with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) after femtosecond cataract surgery.MethodsProspective study of 36 healthy eyes (68.8 ± 7.9 years) undergoing femtosecond laser assisted‐cataract surgery and AcrySof REsTOR SN6AD1 IOL implantation. The anterior segment parameters were measured preoperatively and 1 month after surgery with the Visante‐OCT (Zeiss) and the Oculyzer™ II (WaveLight® AG) systems. Analysis of agreement and interchangeability of the preoperative 2 systems measurements was performed by the Bland‐Altman method.ResultsAfter femtosecond cataract surgery, the ACD and IAS measured with Oculyzer™ II showed a significant mean increase of 1.54 ± 0.28 mm and 10.2 ± 4.23 respectively. Also, using the Visante‐OCT there was a significant mean increase: 1.27 ± 0.34 mm for ACD and 9.38 ± 6.52 (Temporal) and 8.29 ± 7.13 (nasal) for IAS. CCT showed no significant changes. The range of agreement indicated that the 2 techniques cannot be used interchangeably for preoperative measurement of ACD and IAS.ConclusionsAfter cataract surgery with femtosecond laser, ACD and IAS increased significantly when measured using OCT and SIT. Visante‐OCT and Oculyzer™ II systems can be used interchangeably for CCT evaluation but not for ACD and IAS.
Effect of Preconditioning Intraocular Lenses in Moxifloxacin Solution
Authors: Filipe H.P. , Bozukova D. , Pimenta A. , Mata J.L.G. , Colaço R. , Saramago B. , Serro A.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe goal of our research was to investigate the possibility of using drug loaded intra‐ocular lenses (IOLs) as an alternative to topical antibiotic usually prescribed after cataract surgery.MethodsAlthough widely used in drug release studies due to its simplicity in comparing systems, static conditions are far from reproducing biological conditions. A microfluidic cell mimetizing chamber's aqueous humor hydrodynamic is a much closer approach. With a volume of 250 µL, the cell is fed with a continuous flow of saline solution at a physiological similar rate.ResultsResults showed that 30 days preconditioned IOLs were able to maintain a MXF concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae for 20 days.ConclusionsFurther investigation in using moxifloxacin loaded IOls as effective to prevent post cataract surgery endophthalmitis is encouraged.
Three optic disc pit maculopathy case studies by optical coherence tomography images supporting the role of cerebrospinal fluid in this pathology
Authors: Martinez M. , Ascaso J. , Arias L. , Filloy A. , Almenara C. , Esteban O. , Del Buey M. , Cristobal J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeOptic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital optic disc abnormality characterized by a localized grayish‐white depression usually in the center or inferotemporal part of the optic nerve head. It is generally unilateral (85‐90%) and its prevalence is estimated to be 1 in 11,000. Unless the ODP develops maculopathy, patients remain asymptomatic. Serous macular detachment may occur in up to 50% of cases,leading to significant decrease in visual acuity. Although the pathogenesis of ODP maculopathy is unclear, various theories about its onset have implicated fluid entry either from the vitreous cavity or from leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the peripapillary subarachnoid space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the source of subretinal fluid under the macula in three patients with ODP.MethodsThree different optical coherence tomography equipments (EDI‐OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg; Swept‐source OCT, Topcon and Spectral‐domain 3D OCT‐2000, Topcon) were used.ResultsThese OCT images revealed a direct communication between a prominent serous macular detachment and the subarachnoid space through the ODP.ConclusionsThese three cases support the theory that in some cases the source of serous macular detachment could be cerebrospinal fluid passing into the retina through the ODP due to an incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure.