bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational bonding strategies in the franchise industry: the moderating role of duration of the relationship
Authors: Lee Yong-ki , Kim Sally , Kim Min-Seong , Lee Jae-Han , Lim Ki-Taek 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the effect of different relational bonding strategies on franchisees’ perceptions of benefits. The duration of the relationship is framed as a moderator between three types of relational bonds and the perceived benefits.Design/methodology/approach– The data are collected via a survey from foodservice franchisees in South Korea. To test the study’s hypotheses, the research model was estimated with two-stage least squares.Findings– The result shows that social and structural bonds have a significant impact on franchisees’ perceptions of benefits. There are some significant interactions between different types of relational bonds and the duration of the relationship. Perceptions of benefits are found to influence satisfaction, intentions to recommend, intentions to renew the contract and long-term orientation.Practical implications– The study suggests that franchisors may want to focus on developing and strengthening social bonds, and also customize their relational approaches based on the duration of the relationship with the franchisees.Originality/value– This research illustrates the impact of three types of relational bonding strategies on franchisees’ perceptions of the benefits and also examines the significant moderating role of the duration of the relationship.
The illusion of transparency: the geography of mortgage lending in Great Britain
Authors: Rae Alasdair 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the geography of mortgage lending in Great Britain. It uses a new mortgage dataset as a way to shed light on the spatial distribution of mortgage finance and to highlight the different lending patterns of seven major UK banks. It also examines the relationship between the distribution of mortgage finance and socio-economic status at the local level.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology is based on simple quantitative techniques, including spatial analysis, location quotient analysis and socio-economic classification. Lending data for Great Britain’s 10,000 postcode sectors are the basis for analysis here.Findings– The results suggest that some banks lend significantly less than others in poorer areas, but, owing to a lack of data, it is not possible to say why. It is possible to identify banks that appear to change their lending patterns in areas with different socio-economic characteristics. The paper concludes by reflecting on key messages and by making a small number of recommendations to improve transparency in the sector.Research limitations/implications– In the absence of demand-side metrics, it is not possible to determine which banks lend disproportionately high or low amounts in poorer areas.Practical implications– This paper has implications in relation to increasing financial transparency in the residential mortgage sector. The most important implication would be to highlight the fact that this new data – whilst a welcome development – is a long way from providing proper transparency in the mortgage lending sector.Originality/value– This paper fills a gap in the international literature in relation to our understanding of the geography of mortgage lending in a major world economy. It also highlights important differential lending patterns in relation to socio-economic status at the sub-national level.
Do bank regulation and supervision matter?
Authors: Lee Kangbok , Lu Wenling 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of bank regulation and supervision on bank development, efficiency and fragility over the period of 1999-2011.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors’ approach is based on a multivariate difference-in-difference model which controls for potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables and unobservable country-specific effect. The paper investigates the changes of bank outcomes and a country’s regulation and supervisory practices, in terms of capital regulation, supervisory power, private monitoring, entry into banking requirements, overall restrictions on bank activities and government ownership of banks in a sample of 53 countries with a total of 482 observations.

Findings
– Empirical results indicate that greater capital regulatory requirements reduce bank fragility, as measured by lower levels of non-performing loans but reduce bank efficiency, as measured by higher levels of net interest margin; supervisory practices that strengthen private sector monitoring of banks improve bank development, as measured by bank private credit as a share of gross domestic product; lower levels of non-performing loans are associated with greater enter-into-banking requirements and less restrictiveness on bank activities; and greater government ownership of banks is associated with both higher levels of net interest margin and higher levels of non-performing loans. Overall, the findings support Basel II’s first and third pillars: capital requirements and private monitoring.

Originality/value
– This cross-country analysis provides evidence on which specific regulatory and supervisory practices work best in light of what was learned from the recent financial crisis.
Corporate governance and equity finance: an emerging economy perspective
Authors: Haque Faizul 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate whether firm-level corporate governance has an influence on the equity financing patterns in an emerging economy such as Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approach– The regression framework uses a questionnaire survey-based corporate governance index (CGI) comprising five dimensions – ownership structures, shareholder rights, independence and responsibilities of the board and management, financial reporting and disclosures and responsibility towards stakeholders. In addition, a number of semi-structured interviews have been carried out with the relevant stakeholders.Findings– The results suggest a statistically significant positive relationship between CGI and equity capital and, thus, confirm the prediction of the agency theory.Research limitations/implications– This study does not address endogeneity and reverse causality issues with respect to the relationship between CGI and equity finance.Practical implications– Firms should improve their legal compliance and voluntary activism in corporate governance matters to ensure increased access to equity finance.Originality/value– This study is among the first to examine the relationship between overall corporate governance quality and equity finance of a firm from the perspective of a bank-based emerging economy.
Development of psychological capital in an academic-based leadership education program
Authors: Goertzen Brent J. , Whitaker Brett L. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of an academic-based, leadership education program on the development of psychological capital (PsyCap).

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected from students at the entry-point (Time 1), mid-point (Time 2) and end-point (Time 3) of the leadership program, across all modes of delivery. Statistical analysis was performed to determine changes in psychological capacity.

Findings
– Results indicated PsyCap capacities (self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency) may be impacted through leadership training and that online delivery appeared to have the greatest impact on student PsyCap development.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper concludes with a discussion of limitations and future directions of research that are needed. Limitations include non-individual tracking, and a somewhat small sample size in one of the samples. Implications include further research into a potential response shift bias among participants, research regarding the impact of educational modality and student maturity and self-awareness.

Practical implications
– The paper describes implications for practitioners in higher education, as well as more broadly for educators who are attempting to develop positive psychological capacities in their students.

Originality/value
– This paper expands upon a developing field in positive organizational psychology by focussing on development within leadership education.
Metaphors for today’s leadership: VUCA world, millennial and “Cloud Leaders”
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Rodriguez Yolanda 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evidence the scenarios any leader is currently facing in front of three specific situations: a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world (VUCA); a generation that is changing the way to form relationships, work and knowledge transfer;and the possibility for a “Cloud Leadership” to overcome today’s reality of constant change, redirection, new frontiers and formatting.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper seeks one theoretical entailment, so that the world today presented by Johansen (2012) from four perspectives needs to be considered from the perspective of leadership.

Findings
– The paper views leadership as “a Cloud.” It brings new insights to a social and organizational analysis of leaders today. The metaphorical language is creative in the formative accompaniment of the Millennials, it provides and clarifies the orientation in all areas where they interact.

Research limitations/implications
– Leaders leading Millennials face challenges with specific textures: convergence of traits, processes and outcomes with a leadership enriched by schools and theories immersed in a VUCA world where resiliency is a scarce commodity. Raising, building, taking advantage of the dynamism that each individual possesses, educating from the positive and toward the positive, is a benefit of a “Cloud Leader” in a VUCA world where Millennials have a strong presence.

Practical implications
– This paper offers a kind of vignette of leadership to illustrate the theories, skills, abilities and different approaches converging within leaders for these coming years: the immersion in a VUCA world, leading a workforce with more Millennial copartners present each day and the metaphors that can help us better understand them, and being a “Cloud Leader.”

Social implications
– Leadership is going to be a matter of discovering the positive energy in each person, to stimulate the best in every individual and develop the potential of everybody because this “energy” is a small assurance of the future. A leader who attempts to “bring out” the positive in each person, in every context in which he or she is immersed, a leader who seeks the best interventions possible according to his or her capabilities and resources, this is a leader we can call “a leader for the coming future: a Cloud Leader.”

Originality/value
– In this paper the author uses metaphors as an interesting method to say something with multimodal meanings under the “umbrella concepts” of Millennial generation, and leadership style. It is argued that scientific reasoning does not solely exist in the individual’s head, but emerges in conjunction with the expressed representations.
Legitimacy profiles of women directors on top French company boards
Authors: Singh Val , Point Sebastien , Moulin Yves , Davila Andrès 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to question the profiles of female directors on top French company boards. It explores the legitimacy attributes of current female directors to identify the profiles sought recently, as firms approach the need to make many new appointments to fulfill gender quotas for supervisory boards, given that the proportion of women on a corporate board must reach 40 percent by 2017, with an intermediate level of 20 percent by 2014.Design/methodology/approach– The authors gathered numerical and qualitative biographical data on all SBF 120 (French stock exchange index) firms’ female directors from annual reports and web sites over seven years (from 2003 to 2009). The authors constructed an SPSS database to categorize the individuals into various orders of legitimacy.Findings– Drawing on director bio-data, the authors extend previous work on four legitimacy assets (family ownership; academic excellence; strong ties to the State; and top career), by adding a fifth asset (representative director), and contribute a gender dimension to the literature on personal legitimacy. Owning-family ties and academic excellence are still particularly salient in explaining legitimacy of women directors. A new source of female directors since 2005 is the pool of foreign women, outside the eliteGrandes Ecolessystem.Research limitations/implications– The authors had data for directors of 115 companies out of the SBF 120 firms. The authors also lacked data for seven women out of 144 appointed during the period, despite efforts to track down data from public sources.Practical implications– These legitimacy profiles present different challenges for management development as those responsible for appointing several women to their boards in a short space of time will find out.Social implications– The authors highlight that with the diminishing role of family members on large corporate boards, more women directors need to be found, developed and mentored. If this approach is followed, new female directors with solid achievements can be appointed, without having their legitimacy as directors challenged by resistant males. Women will thus be able to take their legitimate place in French boardrooms and contribute their diverse experiences and knowledge.Originality/value– This paper questions the legitimacy assets of female directors, which can be clustered into three groups: combined elite education and top corporate career; owning-family membership; and representative directors. These legitimacy profiles present different challenges for management development as those responsible for appointing several women to their boards in a short space of time will find out.
Embracing leadership: a multi-faceted model of leader identity development
Authors: Zheng Wei , Muir Douglas 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– Leadership development has been replete with a skill-based focus. However, learning and development can be constrained by the deeper level, hidden self-knowledge that influences how people process information and construct meaning. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how people construct and develop their leader identity. The authors intend to shed light on the critical facets of identity changes that occur as individuals grapple with existing understanding of the self and of leadership, transform them, and absorb new personalized notions of leadership into their identity, resulting in a higher level of confidence acting in the leadership domain.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a grounded theory study of participants and their mentors in a lay leadership development program in a Catholic diocese. The authors inductively drew a conceptual model describing how leader identity evolves.

Findings
– The findings suggested that leader identity development was not a uni-dimensional event. Rather, it was a multi-faceted process that encompassed three key facets of identity development: expanding boundaries, recognizing interdependences, and discerning purpose. Further, it is the co-evolvement of these three facets and people’s broadening understanding of leadership that led to a more salient leader identity.

Research limitations/implications
– The model addresses the gap in literature on how leader identity develops specifically. It enriches and expands existing knowledge on leader identity development by answering the question of what specific changes are entailed when an individual constructs his or her identity as a leader.

Practical implications
– The findings could be used to guide leadership development professionals to build targeted learning activities around key components of leader identity development, diagnose where people are in their leadership journey, set personalized goals with them, and provide pointed feedback to learners in the process of developing their leader identity.

Originality/value
– The authors provide an in-depth and integrative account of the contents and mechanisms involved in the construction of the leader identity. The authors zero in on the critical transformations entailed in the process to establish and develop a leader identity.
Towards a deeper understanding of strategic learning
Authors: Moon Hanna , Ruona Wendy 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The understanding of strategic learning processes seems to be fragmented and tangled in many disciplines. To construct a meaningful understanding of strategic learning, various disciplines were reviewed and synthesized, and a strategic learning model was developed based on the analysis of previous models. The purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of underlying theories of strategic learning and its model.Design/methodology/approach– The theory of strategic learning is an evolving theory so that first, the literature that helps conceptualize the strategic learning, second, the founding pieces of the literature that composite the theory; and third, the most emerging literature in the strategy discipline are selected to explain the strategic learning model. Based on the thorough review of the literature, new conceptual model of strategic learning is introduced.Findings– In both strategy literature and organizational literature, the existing strategic learning models can be evaluated to fully capture the distinctive aspects of learning in strategy process. Various learning theories are encompassed to construct the model.Research limitations/implications– This extended strategic learning model requires empirical testing to identify dimensions of strategic learning.Practical implications– The extended strategic learning model will be useful to bring about strategic change, conversation, and behavior.Originality/value– This conceptual model integrates many theories and important concepts. The foundational theories identified in this study also open up new research ideas for scholars using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Leaders as emotional managers
Authors: Alvinius Aida , Elfgren Boström Malin , Larsson Gerry 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how leaders manage their own and others’ emotions in professional crisis management organizations during severely demanding episodes. The empirical case is a hostage drama that occurred in a small Swedish town. Although staff at the local prison were situationally prepared and trained in incident exercises, two inmates with knives fled the prison after taking a warden hostage.Design/methodology/approach– A grounded theory approach was used. In all, 14 informants from four Swedish authorities were interviewed on the basis of their involvement in the hostage drama.Findings– According to the analysis, an emergency response leader’s emotion management is framed by an organizationally embedded emotional regime which is summed up in two core themes: focus on the task and do not let emotions interfere; and provide the task force with maximum physical and psychological security. The leader’s emotion management within this framework consists of two interdependent processes, one more organization oriented and one more individual oriented.Research limitations/implications– Small sample, lack of representativeness, and lack of illumination of possible gender-related aspects.Practical implications– The suggested model may be valuable in educational settings.Originality/value– A new integrative, theoretical process model of leadership and emotion management in complex, stressful operations.
Leadership skills as construed by nonprofit chief executives
Authors: Kearns Kevin P. , Livingston Jonathan , Scherer Shelley , McShane Lydia 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how chief executives of 20 nonprofit organizations construe and prioritize the skills they use to perform typical leadership tasks.Design/methodology/approach– The in-depth interview protocol used in the study is based on the Repertory Grid Technique, which elicits assumptions, beliefs, and values of respondents without imposing the researchers’ implicit frame of reference.Findings– The interviews generated 285 skill constructs. Respondents in this study report that they utilize a mix of technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills. Interpersonal skills, especially communication and trust building, appear to be particularly prevalent among the many skills used by executives to perform their leadership tasks.Research limitations/implications– Because this is an exploratory study, its findings cannot yet be generalized to other contexts. Therefore, the paper concludes with some propositions for further research.Practical implications– The study may have implications for the design of curricula to prepare people to assume leadership positions in nonprofit organizations.Originality/value– This study uses a distinctive methodology to elicit from nonprofit leaders their assumptions and beliefs about the skills they use to perform leadership tasks. In this respect, the findings are grounded in the frames of reference of the subjects, not those of the researchers.
Barking up the wrong tree. On the fallacies of the transformational leadership theory
Authors: Andersen Jon Aarum 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that the magnitude of interest in and of enthusiasm for transformational leadership is out of proportion with its weaknesses.Findings– The theory has some grave problems: there are conceptual limitations; managerial leadership is conflated with political leadership; the theory is presented as a universal as well as a contingency theory; the claim that transformational leaders are more effective is not empirically supported; and the use of the term “followers” rather than “subordinates” creates confusion in the study of formal organizations. Finally, and perhaps most fundamentally, does transformational leadership theory qualify as a managerial leadership theory?Research limitations/implications– Transformational leadership is a political leadership theory and thus less relevant for managerial leadership.Originality/value– This paper addresses the theoretical limitations of the transformational leadership theory as well as the lack of empirical support regarding the effectiveness of transformational leaders.