bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple endotrivial modules for quasi-simple groups
Authors: Lassueur Caroline , Malle Gunter , Schulte Elisabeth 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

We investigate simple endotrivial modules of finite quasi-simple groups and
classify them in several important cases. This is motivated by a recent result
of Robinson [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc.
43 (2011), 712–716] showing that simple endotrivial modules of most groups
come from quasi-simple groups.
The state-of-the art in gelotophobia research: A review and some theoretical extensions
Authors: Ruch Willibald , Hofmann Jennifer , Platt Tracey , Proyer René 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResearch on gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) has come a long way since the first empirical studies published in 2008. Based on a review of the findings on gelotophobia, its structure, causes and consequences, updates to the model are introduced emphasizing the context of the fear and its dynamic nature. More precisely, external and internal factors are seen to moderate the effects of initial events on gelotophobia, and a spiral nature in the development of the fear is assumed. It is highlighted that gelotophobia needs to be studied in the context of related variables (such as timidity, shame-proneness and social anxiety), and research should focus on the time span in which this fear is most prevalent. The relevance of gelotophobia for humor theory, research and practice is highlighted and new areas of research are introduced. Among the latter the role of gelotophobia at work and in relation to life trajectories is discussed.
School-age children talking about humor: Data from focus groups
Authors: Dowling Jacqueline S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSchool-age children use humor to form relationships with peers and adults, to celebrate life through expressions of joy and laughter, to play with words to develop cognitive and linguistic competence, and as a way of coping with the psychological, social, and physical constraints of growing up. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into school-age children's understanding of humor and explore ways the children use humor to cope with daily life stressors using focus group methodology. In this study, eleven focus groups were conducted with four to six participants in each group at a local elementary and middle school. As anticipated, the developmental level influenced the type of humor the child thought was funny ranging from recalled riddles of second graders to more complex jokes and humorous observations of fourth graders to elaborate jokes and spontaneous witticisms from the sixth graders. Gender also played a role, with tickling being a common theme among the girls and the minor misfortunes of others among the boys. The children used humor to help them cope with the daily life stressors associated with interpersonal relationships, school and after-school activities, and life at home.
Gestational age-specific reference ranges from different laboratories misclassify pregnant women's thyroid status: comparison of two longitudinal prospective cohort studies
Authors: Bliddal Sofie , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Boas Malene , Faber Jens , Juul Anders , Larsen Torben , Precht Dorthe Hansen 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesCorrect interpretation of thyroid status during pregnancy is vital to secure fetal development. Pregnancy-related changes in maternal thyroid status necessitate the use of gestational age-specific reference ranges. In this study, we investigated between-laboratory reproducibility of thyroid reference ranges in pregnant women.DesignComparison of two longitudinal prospective cohort studies including 255 (cohort 1) and 101 (cohort 2) healthy antibody-negative Danish pregnant women attending prenatal care at Copenhagen University Hospital.MethodsDifferent immunoassays were used to measure thyroid hormone levels in the two cohorts. Thyroid hormone reference ranges were established for every 5 weeks of gestation. Differences between cohorts were explored through mixed-model repeated measures regression analyses. By applying reference ranges from one cohort to the other, the proportion of women who would be misclassified by doing so was investigated.ResultsTSH increased and free thyroxine (FT4) decreased as pregnancy progressed. Results indicated highly significant differences between cohorts in free triiodothyronine (F=21.3, P<0.001) and FT4 (F=941, P<0.001). TSH levels were comparable (P=0.09). Up to 90.3% of the women had FT4 levels outside their laboratory's nonpregnant reference range, and up to 100% outside the other cohort's gestational-age-specific reference ranges. Z-score-based reference ranges markedly improved comparison between cohorts.ConclusionEven in the same region, the use of gestational-age-specific reference ranges from different laboratories led to misclassification. Up to 100% of maternal FT4 levels fell outside the other cohort's reference range despite similar TSH levels. In clinical practice, thyroid testing of pregnant women without adding method specificity to gestational age-dependent reference ranges will compromise patient safety.
Frequency and Variety of Inpatient Pediatric Surgical Procedures in the United States
Authors: Sømme Stig , Bronsert Michael , Morrato Elaine , Ziegler Moritz 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Pediatric surgical procedures are being performed in a variety of hospitals with large differences in surgical volume. We examined the frequency and variety of inpatient pediatric surgical procedures in the United States by hospital type and geographic region using a nationally representative sample.

METHODS:
The 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database for patients &lt;18 years old was used to calculate surgical frequencies by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, (ICD-9-CM) codes. We performed stratified analysis by hospital type (free-standing children’s hospital, children’s unit within an adult hospital, and general hospital) and geographic region (South, West, Midwest, Northeast) to compare frequencies of surgical procedures.

RESULTS:
A total of 216 081 procedures were projected for 2009 with the top 20 procedures accounting for &gt;90% of cases. As many as 40% of all pediatric inpatient surgical procedures are being performed in adult general hospitals. Infrequent complex low-volume neonatal surgical procedures (pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease, surgery for malrotation, esophageal atresia repair, and diaphragmatic hernia repair) were 6.8 to 16 times more likely to occur in a children's hospital. Significant regional variation in procedure frequency rates occurred for appendectomy and cholecystectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:
This report is the first to characterize pediatric surgical inpatient volume in the United States. Such data may influence the distribution of pediatric surgeons, number of trainees, and training curricula for pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, general surgeons and other surgical specialists who might operate on children. In addition, it raises the question of whether complex pediatric surgical procedures should preferably be performed at dedicated high volume children's hospitals.
Telemedicine Consultations and Medication Errors in Rural Emergency Departments
Authors: Dharmar Madan , Kuppermann Nathan , Romano Patrick S. , Yang Nikki H. , Nesbitt Thomas S. , Phan Jennifer , Nguyen Cynthia , Parsapour Kourosh , Marcin James P. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the frequency of physician-related medication errors among seriously ill and injured children receiving telemedicine consultations, similar children receiving telephone consultations, and similar children receiving no consultations in rural emergency departments (EDs).

METHODS:
We conducted retrospective chart reviews on seriously ill and injured children presenting to 8 rural EDs with access to pediatric critical care physicians from an academic children’s hospital. Physician-related ED medication errors were independently identified by 2 pediatric pharmacists by using a previously published instrument. The unit of analysis was medication administered. The association of telemedicine consultations with ED medication errors was modeled by using hierarchical logistic regression adjusting for covariates (age, risk of admission, year of consultation, and hospital) and clustering at the patient level.

RESULTS:
Among the 234 patients in the study, 73 received telemedicine consultations, 85 received telephone consultations, and 76 received no specialist consultations. Medications for patients who received telemedicine consultations had significantly fewer physician-related errors than medications for patients who received telephone consultations or no consultations (3.4% vs 10.8% and 12.5%, respectively; P &lt; .05). In hierarchical logistic regression analysis, medications for patients who received telemedicine consultations had a lower odds of physician-related errors than medications for patients who received telephone consultations (odds ratio: 0.19, P &lt; .05) or no consultations (odds ratio: 0.13, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric critical care telemedicine consultations were associated with a significantly reduced risk of physician-related ED medication errors among seriously ill and injured children in rural EDs.
Industry Practices of Sour Gas Management by Reinjection: Benefits, Methodologies, Economic Evaluation and Case Studies
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Ibad , Baber Shahzaib , Saleem Waleed Anwar , Jafri Mohammad Osama , Hafeez Qaiser 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Due to declining global demand for basic sulphur, the economics of extracting sulphur from sour natural gas has become unfavourable. Furthermore, air emission standards and regulation authorities are becoming increasingly strict, thereby increasing the economical strain on E&P companies producing natural acid gas. E&P companies are in search of environmentally-friendly and cost-effective methods for dealing with acid gases, which are produced in association with sour natural gas.
Acid gas re-injection is gaining attention due to its eco-friendly nature and lower cost. These benefits help this technique to overcome traditional H2S processing and the problems of handling the elemental sulphur product, particularly for very sour natural gas streams.
This paper discusses industry practices of acid gas injection with reference to their phase behaviour. Four stage acid gas injection is discussed along with graphical and diagrammatical representation. Acid gas is injected into the reservoir at a very high pressure; but can the toxic acid gases be safely handled at such a high injection pressure? This question is answered in this study, throwing light on some risk management aspects while performing this operation.
This paper also reviews comparative economic analysis of various H2S management options available to developing Middle East fields keeping in mind HSE, operating procedures, reduced costs, with injection method leading the rest.
Finally certain benefits of acid gas injection would be described some of which includes: Reduction of SO2 emissions.Permanent, reliable storage of toxic gases.Eliminating the cost for acid gas treatment plant.Very much efficient for EOR/IOR schemes as sweep efficiency of H2S is better than CO2.Eliminates the cost of storage of these gases.
Effective Exploitation of Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM) Approach
Authors: Taha M. , Khokhar S. Y. , Iqbal M. S. , Chughtai S. , Umair M. , Virk M. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As the global HC exploitation paradigm shifts to the unconventional (low-quality) reservoirs; the deep uncertainty in their production processes involved makes the operators, following the Specific Discipline Approach, vulnerable to adopt the trial-and- error methods which can detriment the whole development plan and assimilate irreparable loss upon the foul decisions. Since each engineering discipline may have a piece of puzzle to find the best solution for achieving optimized production rates and economics, we can only hope to achieve the better results if we use a total system (reservoir to sales approach).
Pakistan is facing the severe energy crisis, due to which the effective and sensible exploitation of the tight gas reserves has become inevitable. Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM) constructs a thorough way out by increasing communication and literally gets all disciplines "on the same page" by using a common model.
The paper is based on designing a full field development plan of a tight gas reservoir (TGRs). It involves developing an integrated reservoir model and evaluating its performance for various reservoir and production scenarios, along with the economic analysis, to come up with an optimum gas field development plan. The methodology is carried out with two approaches (i) Integrated Tank Model (ii) Numerical 3D Model.
The paper presents the usefulness of IAM and its systematic approach in production maintenance and optimization, crossfunctional collaboration and in effective field management of tight gas reservoirs. It will present detailed discussion on the economics, process cycle, modelling, optimization, game-changers and exploitation of TGRs along with case studies and intends to give valuable insight to the implementation of this integrated technique to the prevalent energy crisis of the country.
Development of a Scratching Cell for Predicting Near Wellbore Rock Strength
Authors: Ali Imtiaz , Al-Awad Musaed N. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The mechanical properties of rocks are of high importance for oil and gas wells drilling, production, and future development. Rock mechanical properties are needed for maintaining borehole stability during drilling and completion stages in oil and gas wells. Additionally, these properties are needed to select the optimum production rate especially in soft formations.
The evaluation of such properties requires a number of cores as well as sophisticated testing equipment. When there is a lack of core samples or testing equipment, rock mechanical properties can be predicted using indirect tests or correlations.
In this study, a simple scratching cell was developed and data generated using this cell was used to develop a universal correlation for predicting the unconfined compressive strength (UCS).
We hope that this paper will be a useful addition to rock mechanics and petroleum engineering disciplines, and we expect further developments after finishing the remaining phases of this study.
Application of Electronic Pressure Pulse Operated Firing Head for Perforating Solution in Low Pressure Constraint Job
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Asif , Rana Muhammad Arif , Butt Muhammad Sohaib , Raja Hassan Nazir 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
MOL Pakistan planned to perforate Lockhart Limestone using TCP shoot and pull technique. The lower section of casing was previously perforated for squeeze cementing during remedial job. The conventional hydraulic firing system requires comparatively high surface applied pressures that might jeopardize integrity of squeeze perforations. This could have potentially caused extra cost, time loss and further squeeze jobs. In addition, using high pressure in an already tested well could have resulted in well damage and associated operational risks. Due to this hazard, applied pressure for successful TCP perforation system was limited to less than 1000 psi.
Schlumberger experts collaborated with MOL Pakistan team and considered the unique challenges of the well before recommending an optimized method of perforating. To ensure maximum safety during the operation, the eFire*, electronic pressure pulse operated firing head system with 4-pulse command, was selected as the primary firing head to provide effective low-pressure perforation while saving costs by eliminating the need for a Slickline intervention.
The proposed system provided the flexibility to ensure job execution with a pressure of less than 1000 psi. The job was performed successfully with eFire* playing the key role in safe and accurate manner, by providing the option of low pressure activation.
Application of Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology for modeling and optimizing ultrasonic oxidation of arsenite with H2O2
Authors: Qiu Pengpeng , Cui Mingcan , Kang Kyounglim , Park Beomguk , Son Yonggyu , Khim Eunkyung , Jang Min , Khim Jeehyeong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A combined ultrasound (US)/H2O2 process was used to oxidize arsenite to arsenate, yielding a synergistic effect value of 1.26. This showed that the combined process could be an effective method of oxidizing arsenite, instead of using either ultrasonic or H2O2 oxidation processes. This combined process was successfully modeled and optimized using a Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of the US power density, the initial concentration of arsenite, and the H2O2 concentration on the sonochemical oxidation efficiency of arsenite were investigated. Analysis of variance indicated that the proposed quadratic model successfully interpreted the experimental data with coefficients of determination of R
2 = 0.95 and adjusted R
2 = 0.91. Through this model, we can predict and control the oxidation efficiency under different conditions. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for the oxidation of arsenite were found to be a US power density of 233.26 W L−1, an initial arsenite concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, and an H2O2 concentration of 74.29 mg L−1. The predicted oxidation efficiency obtained from the RSM under the optimal conditions was 88.95%. A confirmation test of the optimal conditions verified the validity of the model, yielding an oxidation efficiency of 90.1%.
The crystal structure of Sm4Ni11In20 and its relation to other indium-rich compounds
Authors: Tyvanchuk Yuriy , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Pustovoychenko Mykola , Kalychak Yaroslav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Polycrystalline Sm4Ni11In20 was obtained by arc-melting of metal ingots. A subsequent high temperature treatment was used for single crystal growth. The Sm4Ni11In20 crystal structure (U4Ni11Ga20 type; C2/m, a = 22.5457(3) Å, b = 4.34929(5) Å, c = 16.5479(2) Å, β = 124.592(2)°, R1 = 0.0358, wR2 = 0.0934) was determined by single crystal synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction from 2014 independent reflections with I > 2σ(I). Sm4Ni11In20 extends the R
4Ni11In20 (R = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) series of phases. The R
4Ni11In20 and RNi3In6 (LaNi3In6 type; R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu) series have similar compositions. Their structures share similar fragments; in particular the rare earth atom coordination polyhedra are pentagonal prisms with additional atoms.
Promoted ternary CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts for methanol synthesis
Authors: Mierczynski Paweł , Kaczorowski Piotr , Ura Agnieszka , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Zaborowski Marcin , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kedziora Adam , Maniecki Tomasz 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Ternary CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts promoted by palladium or gold were prepared and tested in CO hydrogenation reaction at 260°C under elevated pressure (4.8 MPa). The promotion effect of palladium or gold addition on the physicochemical and catalytical properties of CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts in methanol synthesis (MS) was studied. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, TPR-H2, TPD-NH3 methods. The BET results showed that the ternary system CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 had the largest specific surface area, cumulative pore volume and average pore size in comparison with the promoted catalysts. The yield of methanol can be given through the following sequence: 5%Pd/CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 > CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3 > 2%Au/CuO-ZrO2-Al2O3. We also found that the presence of gold or palladium on catalyst surface has strong influence on the reaction selectivity. The high selectivity of gold doped ternary catalyst is explained by the gold-oxide interface sites created on the catalyst surface and the acidity of those systems. The higher selectivity to methanol in the case of the palladium catalyst is explained by the spillover effect between Pd and CuO.
The evolution of substrate differentiation in Minuartia series Laricifoliae (Caryophyllaceae) in the European Alps: In situ origin or repeated colonization?
Authors: Moore Abigail J. , Kadereit Joachim W. 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Substrate specialization is often considered an important factor in evolutionary diversification. A classic example of divergence related to different substrate types is the dichotomy between calcicole and calcifuge plants on calcareous and siliceous substrates as found in the European Alps. When closely related species with contrasting substrate preferences are found in the same area, it is generally hypothesized that they diverged where they now occur. However, it is possible that Alpine edaphic diversity instead allows the coexistence of related species whose edaphic differentiation took place deeper in the phylogeny, in some other part of the range of their clades.• Methods: We used sequences of the nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions to examine the origin of substrate differentiation in Minuartia series Laricifoliae, which contains many edaphic endemics, including a pair of Alpine taxa with contrasting substrate preferences: Minuartia langii (calcicole) and M. laricifolia (calcifuge).• Key results: Minuartia langii and M. laricifolia are each more closely related to Balkan species than they are to each other and reached the Alps independently. The clade to which they belong is ancestrally calcicole. Minuartia langii inherited the ancestral ecology, while M. laricifolia is part of a subclade with serpentine endemics and one substrate generalist.• Conclusions: In the study group, taxa with contrasting substrate preferences did not diverge in the Alps. Instead, taxa whose substrate differentiation arose elsewhere, likely on the Balkan Peninsula, were preadapted to take advantage of Alpine substrate diversity.
Faculty Approaches To Assessing Critical Thinking In The Humanities And The Natural And Social Sciences
Authors: Nicholas Mark C. , Labig Chalmer E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
An analysis of interviews, focus-group discussions, assessment instruments, and assignment prompts revealed that within general education, faculty assessed critical thinking as faceted using methods and criteria that varied epistemically across disciplines. Faculty approaches were misaligned with discipline-general institutional approaches. Findings have implications for the assessment of critical thinking and faculty development.