bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the unmatched count technique to improve base rate estimates of risky driving behaviours among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Sheppard Sean C , Earleywine Mitch 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundFew studies have investigated base rate estimates of risky driving behaviours among veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq despite evidence suggesting such behaviours result in increased death rates. In addition, published estimates of driving behaviours may be subject to a significant response bias via the impact of perceived mental health stigma on honest self-reporting.AimThe present study compared the unmatched count technique, a form of randomised response technique used to mitigate biased responding, with traditional anonymous self-report to gain information about base rates of risky driving behaviours among combat veterans.MethodsCross-sectional data gathered as part of a study of attitudes and behaviours related to military service provided estimates of target activities. Six facets of risky driving (horn honking, carrying firearms in the vehicle, drinking and driving, screaming at other drivers, following other drivers to complain, and tailgating) were assessed.ResultsIn our sample of 1351 combat veterans, the unmatched count technique revealed significantly higher rates relative to traditional anonymous assessment specifically for horn honking in anger (22.1% vs 13.6%), carrying firearms (51.1% vs 32.2%), and drinking and driving (77.8% vs 54.0%). There were no significant differences for the remaining three items.ConclusionsThe high level of morbidity associated with risky driving and motor vehicle crashes is a significant concern in the combat veteran population. These data suggest the presence of a strong response bias associated with endorsing certain risky driving behaviours, potentially leading to serious underestimation of these problem behaviours in standard anonymous questionnaires.
Validation of a parent survey for reporting child injuries
Authors: Curry Allison E , Zonfrillo Mark R , Myers Rachel K , Durbin Dennis R 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of a parent-reported survey to identify children's moderate and serious injuries in seven specific body regions using medical records as the ‘gold standard’.MethodsA prospective validation study was conducted in three urban paediatric emergency departments (EDs). 798 parents of 859 children treated for injuries at participating EDs between August 2010 and July 2011 completed either a telephone interview or self-administered paper survey at 2 weeks post-ED visit. Parents were asked to report child injuries to seven body regions: head, face, neck/spine/back, thorax, abdomen, upper extremities and lower extremities. Injury data were abstracted from medical records using a standardised protocol. Body region injury severity levels of none/minor, moderate or serious were assigned to each subject based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, reflecting parents’ ability to identify a documented moderate or greater severity injury, was 0.95 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.97). Sensitivities were >0.90 for the face, upper extremity and lower extremity regions; 0.80–0.90 for head, abdomen and neck/back/spine regions; and <0.60 for the thorax region. The overall sensitivity for identification of a serious injury was 0.71 (0.60 to 0.80).ConclusionsThis survey enables parents to accurately identify moderate and greater severity injuries to body regions, though it does not accurately identify serious injuries in most body regions except the extremities. The survey could serve as a screening tool to identify moderate and greater severity injuries in population-based surveillance systems, or as the primary outcome of interest in injury prevention studies.
The skull anatomy of
Decuriasuchus quartacolonia
(Pseudosuchia: Suchia: Loricata) from the middle Triassic of Brazil
Authors: De França Marco A. G. , Langer Max C. , Ferigolo Jorge 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Unlike most rauisuchians, which are known based on partially preserved specimens, fossils attributed to
Decuriasuchus quartacolonia
include a monotaxonomic assemblage composed of nine associated individuals (MCN-PV10.105a–i), three with almost complete skulls (MCN-PV10.105a,c,d), and a partial disarticulated skull (MCN-PV10.004) collected in the Middle Triassic (Ladinian,
Dinodontosaurus
Biozone) beds of the Santa Maria Formation, in south Brazil. Because of its completeness and possible phylogenetic position, as one of the most basal loricatans,
D. quartacolonia
is a key taxon for anatomic, evolutionary and biomechanical studies of rauisuchians. The comparative description of its osteology reveals that the skull and mandible of
D
.
quartacolonia
are very similar to those of cf.
Prestosuchus chiniquensis
and
Saurosuchus galilei
, sharing a drop-shaped subnarial fenestra, a subtriangular antorbital fenestra with an elongated and narrow anterior point, a ‘roman nosed’ nasal, and a posteroventrally oriented ridge on the lateral surface of the ventral ramus of the squamosal. Among the differences are the autapomorphies of
D
.
quartacolonia
: numerous maxillary teeth (17), lateral expansion of the nasal/lacrimal covering the antorbital fenestra dorsally, and squamosal and quadratojugal forming a subtriangular projection that invades the lower temporal fenestra.
mTORC1 Inhibitors Suppress Meningioma Growth in Mouse Models
Authors: Pachow Doreen , Andrae Nadine , Kliese Nadine , Angenstein Frank , Stork Oliver , Wilisch-Neumann Annette , Kirches Elmar , Mawrin Christian 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway in meningiomas and to explore mTORC1 as a therapeutic target in meningioma cell lines and mouse models.
Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays (53 meningiomas of all WHO grades) were stained for phosphorylated polypeptides of mTOR, Akt, and the mTORC1 targets 4EBP1 and p70S6K, the latter being the consensus marker for mTORC1 activity. Expression of proteins and mRNAs was assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR in 25 tumors. Cell lines Ben-Men-1 (benign), IOMM-Lee and KT21 (malignant), and pairs of merlin-positive or -negative meningioma cells were used to assess sensitivity toward mTORC1 inhibitors in methyl-tetrazolium and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) assays. The effect of temsirolimus (20 mg/kg daily) on tumor weight or MRI-estimated tumor volume was tested by treatment of eight nude mice (vs. 7 controls) carrying subcutaneous IOMM-Lee xenografts, or of eight (5) mice xenotransplanted intracranially with IOMM-Lee (KT21) cells in comparison to eight (5) untreated controls.
Results: All components of the mTORC1 pathway were expressed and activated in meningiomas, independent of their WHO grade. A significant dosage-dependent growth inhibition by temsirolimus and everolimus was observed in all cell lines. It was slightly diminished by merlin loss. In the orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft models, temsirolimus treatment resulted in about 70% growth reduction of tumors (P &lt; 0.01), which was paralleled by reduction of Ki67 mitotic index (P &lt; 0.05) and reduction of mTORC1 activity (p70S6K phosphorylation) within the tumors.
Conclusion: mTORC1 inhibitors suppress meningioma growth in mouse models, although the present study did not measure survival. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1180–9. ©2012 AACR.
Characteristics of abdominal vein thrombosis in children and adults
Authors: Landi Daniel , Beckman Michele G. , Shah Nirmish R. , Bockenstedt Paula , Grant Althea M. , Heit John A. , Key Nigel S. , Kulkarni Roshni , Manco-Johnson Marilyn , Moll Stephan , Philipp Claire S. , Andersen Judith C. , Ortel Thomas L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe demographic and clinical characteristics of adults and children with lower extremity deep-vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (LE DVT/PE) may differ from those with abdominal vein thrombosis (abdominal VT). Abdominal VT can be a presenting sign of an underlying prothrombotic state, and its presence in the setting of known disease might have prognostic implications different from LE DVT/PE. This study describes clinical presentations of abdominal VT compared to LE DVT/PE in adults and children. We analysed prospec-tively-collected data from consecutive consenting patients enrolled in one of seven Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network Centers from August 2003 to April 2011 to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults and children with abdominal VT. Both adults and children with abdominal VT tended to be younger and have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those with LE DVT/PE. Of patients with abdominal V T, children were more likely to have inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis than adults. For adults with venous thromboembolism (VTE), relatively more women had abdominal VT than LE DVT/PE, while the proportions with LE DVT/PE and abdominal VT by sex were similar in children. Children with abdominal VT were more likely to have diagnosed inherited thrombophilia, while trauma was more common in children with LE DVT/PE. In conclusion, both children and adults with abdominal VT were younger with a lower BMI than those with LE DVT/ PE. Significant differences exist between children and adults in respect to abdominal VT compared to LE DVT/PE.Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Time Trends in Patient Characteristics Treated on Acute Stroke-Units
Authors: Teuschl Yvonne , Brainin Michael , Matz Karl , Dachenhausen Alexandra , Ferrari Julia , Seyfang Leonhard , Lang Wilfried ,   for the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry Collaborators
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Demographic changes, increased awareness of vascular risk factors, better diagnostic, progress in medical care, and increasing primary stroke prevention influence the profile of patients admitted to stroke-units. Changes in patient population and stroke type have important consequences on outcome and management at stroke-units.

Methods—

Data from the national database of the Austrian
Stroke
Unit Registry were analyzed for time-trends in demography, risk factors, cause, and stroke severity.

Results—

Data of 48 038 ischemic and 5088 hemorrhagic strokes were analyzed. Between 2003 and 2011, median age increased significantly for ischemic strokes from 68 to 71 years in men and from 76 to 78 years in women, respectively. Ischemic stroke patients showed significantly increased rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and atrial fibrillation. In hemorrhagic strokes an increase for hypercholesterolemia and cardiac diseases other than atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction were only found in men. A small but significant decrease in stroke severity was found for ischemic strokes from 4 to 3 points on the National Institutes of Health
Stroke
Scale in men and from 5 to 4 in women, and for hemorrhagic strokes from 9 to 6 points in men and from 9 to 7 in women. Cardioembolic strokes increased slightly, whereas macroangiopathy decreased.

Conclusions—
Significant time trends were seen for characteristics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to acute stroke-units in Austria. These include trends for older age and toward milder strokes with more cardioembolic causes. This signals a need for increased resources for managing multimorbidity and enabling early mobilization.
Introduction to David Kareyan's “Pure Creativity” and
Hratch Armenakyan's “Post-Art Situation: Logical
Syntax”
Authors: Harutyunyan Angela 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The two texts presented here were written by members of conceptual artists' group ACT operating in Armenia in 1994–1996. The group developed affirmative artistic actions and exhibitions to support the constitution of the new state based on the principles of liberal democracy and market capitalism. Its conceptual interventions and actions, both in conventional spaces of exhibition, but also on the street and in the already dysfunctional factories, were often formally minimal and austere, but almost always prescriptive in terms of offering a model of political and aesthetic participation.
Retard Six Hours
Authors: Zamojski Honza 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
“Transatlantic”—interdisciplinary project by two emerging Polish artists Radek Szlaga and Honza Zamojski presented in the FOCUS section at Frieze Art Fair New York from 4–7 May 2012 by LETO Gallery. First issue of the newspaper “One Hour Retard” was presented during the fairs.
Corticostriatal Contributions to Musical Expectancy Perception
Authors: Seger Carol A. , Spiering Brian J. , Sares Anastasia G. , Quraini Sarah I. , Alpeter Catherine , David James , Thaut Michael H. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study investigates the functional neuroanatomy of harmonic music perception with fMRI. We presented short pieces of Western classical music to nonmusicians. The ending of each piece was systematically manipulated in the following four ways: Standard Cadence (expected resolution), Deceptive Cadence (moderate deviation from expectation), Modulated Cadence (strong deviation from expectation but remaining within the harmonic structure of Western tonal music), and Atonal Cadence (strongest deviation from expectation by leaving the harmonic structure of Western tonal music). Music compared with baseline broadly recruited regions of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Parametric regressors scaled to the degree of deviation from harmonic expectancy identified regions sensitive to expectancy violation. Areas within the BG were significantly modulated by expectancy violation, indicating a previously unappreciated role in harmonic processing. Expectancy violation also recruited bilateral cortical regions in the IFG and anterior STG, previously associated with syntactic processing in other domains. The posterior STG was not significantly modulated by expectancy. Granger causality mapping found functional connectivity between IFG, anterior STG, posterior STG, and the BG during music perception. Our results imply the IFG, anterior STG, and the BG are recruited for higher-order harmonic processing, whereas the posterior STG is recruited for basic pitch and melodic processing.
L’infinité divine chez Grégoire de Nysse : de l’anthropologie à la polémique trinitaire
Authors: Sferlea Ovidiu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this article, I propose to call into question the opinion according to which the Contra Eunomium was a founding moment for the idea of God’s infinity in Gregory of Nyssa. I take into account two writings whose evidence on this subject was often neglected by most scholars of Gregory: De hominis opificio and De anima et resurrectione. I point out to the fact that virtually all the ideas related to the theme of God’s infinity are already present in these treaties. Instead of considering the Contra Eunomium as a breaking point in the intellectual developement of Gregory, I then suggest one should read it in the light and the continuity of his anthropological treaties.
Dynamic Evaluation of Pivot-Shift Kinematics in Physeal-Sparing Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Sena Mark , Chen James , Dellamaggioria Ryan , Coughlin Dezba G. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: February 2013

Background: Conventional transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques in skeletally immature patients have been questioned because of potential physeal injuries. Consequently, multiple alternative reconstruction options have been described to restore stability while sparing the physes in the skeletally immature patient. Hypothesis: All pediatric reconstruction techniques will restore knee stability to intact levels, and the knee stability index (KSI) will discriminate stability patterns between reconstruction techniques. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A novel mechanical pivot-shift device (MPSD) that consistently applies dynamic loads to cadaveric knees was used to study the effect of different physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction techniques on knee stability. Six adult cadaveric fresh-frozen knees were used. All knees were tested with 3 physeal-sparing reconstruction techniques: all epiphyseal (AE), transtibial over the top (TT), and iliotibial band (ITB). The MPSD was used to consistently perform a simulated pivot-shift maneuver. Tibial anterior displacement (AD), internal rotation (IR), posterior translational velocity (PTV), and external rotational velocity (ERV) were recorded using an Optotrak navigation system. The KSI (score range, 0-100; 0 = intact knee) was quantified using a regression analysis of AD, IR, PTV, and ERV. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and logistic regression were used for comparison of kinematics and derivation of KSI coefficients, respectively. Results: ACL deficiency resulted in an increase of 20% to 115% in all primary stability measures tested compared with the ACL-intact state. All reconstructions resulted in a decrease in ADmax and IRmax as well as PTVmax and ERVmax to within intact ranges, indicating that all reconstructions do improve stability compared with the ACL-deficient state. The ITB reconstruction overconstrained AD and IR by 38% and 52%, respectively. The mean (±SD) KSI for the ACL-deficient state was 61.7 ± 22.2 (range, 47-100), while the ITB reconstruction had a mean KSI of 0.82 ± 24.0 (range, −24 to 35), the TT reconstruction had a mean KSI of 13.3 ± 8.9 (range, 0.3-23), and the AE reconstruction had a mean KSI of −4.0 ± 15.2 (range, −24 to 14). The KSI was not significantly different between reconstructions, and all were significantly lower than the ACL-deficient state ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Although all reconstruction techniques tested were able to partially stabilize an ACL-deficient knee, the AE reconstruction was most effective in restoring native knee kinematics under dynamic loading conditions that mimic the pivot-shift test. Clinical Relevance: This study provides orthopaedic surgeons with objective dynamic rotational data on the ability of physeal-sparing ACL reconstructions to better determine the ideal technique for ACL construction in skeletally immature patients.
Genotoxicity potentials of anionic and cationic amino acid-based surfactants
Authors: Kekeç Güzin , Cosgun Sedat 
Published: February 2013

To understand the genotoxic consequences of chemical agents, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a useful biomarker to be used as an investigation tool for environmental toxicology. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a toxic anionic surfactant, and glutamic acid-based cationic bicatanar surfactant (GS) was used as less toxic cationic amino acid-based surfactant. Experimental results show significant correlations between the RAPD profile changes with root growth, mitotic activity and chromosomal aberration test. The inhibitory rates of root growth at 400 ppm of SDS and GS were 85% and 32%, respectively. Mitotic activity results showed a drastic decrease in SDS exposures, whereas there was no significant decrease in GS treatment. Comparison of the chromosomal aberration test results, rates were indicated at 100, 200 and 400 ppm of SDS and GS; 10, 17, 26 (SDS) and 6, 9, 9 (GS) consequently. Also DNA alterations started at 100 and 200 ppm during SDS and GS exposures, respectively. These preliminary findings encourage the utilization of GS as an environmental friendly surfactant detected by these tools in the investigation of genotoxicity potentials of SDS and GS on maize and the other crops.
Evaluation of oxidant–antioxidant status in oral toxicity of fish oil methyl esters and diesel fuel in male rats
Authors: Aksoy Laçine 
Published: February 2013

This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral toxicity induced by fish oil biodiesel and diesel fuel. Diesel and fish oil biodiesel were administered by oral gavage to rats. For this purpose, 35 rats were divided into five groups. Sunflower oil of 250 mg kg−1 was administered to the rats in the control group by oral gavage. The rats in the D250 and D500 groups were administered by oral gavage 250 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1 of diesel fuel dissolved in equal amounts of sunflower oil, respectively. The rats in the F250 and F500 groups were administered by oral gavage 250 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1 of fish oil biodiesel dissolved in equal amounts of sunflower oil, respectively. At the end of the study, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the whole blood; catalase (CAT) activity level was measured in erythrocytes; and nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) levels were measured in the serum. It was observed that the whole blood MDA levels of the diesel groups were considerably different from those in the control and fish oil biodiesel groups ( p < 0.001). GSH levels in the control group were observed to be considerably different from those in all other groups ( p < 0.001). Serum NO3 concentrations in the diesel groups were found to be considerably different from those in the control and biodiesel groups. Serum NO2 concentrations in one of the diesel groups were significantly different from those in the control and biodiesel groups ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The CAT activity of the control group was observed to be different from that in the other groups. According to these results, both fish oil biodiesel and diesel fuel are thought to cause lipid peroxidation. It was observed that fish oil biodiesel does not induce as much oxidative damage as does the diesel fuel. It is suggested that fish oil biodiesel should be preferred as an alternative to the diesel.
Medical Outcome of Patients With Dementia in a Free-Standing Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Manu Peter , Grudnikoff Eugene , Khan Sameer , Kremen Neil J. , Greenwald Blaine S. , Kane John M. , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: February 2013

Background: The hospital outcome of patients with dementia is significantly worse than that of cognitively intact persons of the same age admitted to medical or surgical units but has not been investigated in psychiatric settings. Aim of study: To determine the medical outcome of patients with dementia admitted for behavioral disturbance to a free-standing psychiatric hospital. Methods: Emergency transfers from the psychiatric setting to a general hospital were used as proxies for medical deteriorations occurring among the 71 patients with dementia (age 78.4 ± 10.4 years; 40.1% males) and 71 age- and gender-matched nondementia control patients. The patients were identified in a cohort of 1000 patients consecutively admitted to a free-standing mental health institution. Logistic regression was used to determine the clinical and laboratory variables independently associated with medical deteriorations. Results: A total of 30 patients with dementia and 25 nondementia patients were transferred to a general hospital after an acute medical deterioration (42.3% vs 35.2%, P = .38). Febrile illnesses and falls with head trauma were the most common reasons for transfers in the dementia group, in which they constituted more than half of medical deteriorations, a proportion significantly higher than in the control group ( P = .011). Admission hemoglobin levels were the only independent predictor of medical deterioration in this geriatric sample. Conclusions: Although nearly 50% of patients with dementia admitted for behavioral disturbance to a free-standing psychiatric institution required transfer to a general hospital, their rate of medical deteriorations was similar to age-matched nondementia control patients.