bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal brain‐sparing after laser surgery for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome appears associated with two‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Chmait Ramen H. , Chon Andrew H. , Schrager Sheree M. , Llanes Arlyn , Hamilton Anita , Vanderbilt Douglas L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is a semi‐quantitative marker for fetal brain‐sparing. Our purpose was to measure the CPR at the time of treatment with selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels in gestations with twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) to test its association with neurological outcomes at approximately 2 years.MethodsOne‐hundred children treated for TTTS with laser surgery underwent neurodevelopmental assessment at age 2 years (within 6 weeks) via the Battelle Developmental Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI‐2). The CPR was obtained 24 h before and after laser surgery. An abnormal CPR was categorically defined at <1.0. Multilevel linear regression was used to evaluate associations between CPR and neurodevelopment as assessed by the BDI‐2.ResultsNinety‐nine children had data available for analysis: 55 (56%) had normal CPR prior to laser surgery, and 62 (63%) had normal CPR following surgery. Post‐laser CPR <1.0 was a risk factor for lower BDI‐2 scores at age 2 years [98.1 (SD 11.5) vs 103.4 (SD 12.3) vs β = −0.23, p = 0.01]; this relationship remained significant after controlling for pre‐surgical CPR and Quintero stage (adjusted β = −0.25, p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn this population, an abnormal CPR was associated with poorer 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemodynamic studies of isolated absent ductus venosus
Authors: Jatavan Phudit , Kemthong Walairat , Charoenboon Chitrakan , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Sukpan Kornkanok , Tongsong Theera 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this article is to evaluate hemodynamic changes among fetuses with isolated absent ductus venosus (IADV) diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography.Patients and MethodsFetuses with prenatal diagnosis of IADV were recruited and followed. Hemodynamic assessment was performed in all cases, including measurement of cardiac dimensions, shortening fraction, myocardial performance index, preload index in the inferior vena cava and the presence of venous pulsations in the umbilical vein (UV).ResultsNine fetuses of IADV were assessed, including six cases with extra‐hepatic UV drainage and three with intra‐hepatic drainage. All fetuses with extra‐hepatic UV drainage showed an elevated preload index in the inferior vena cava, venous pulsations in the UV and cardiomegaly. Of them, four had hydrops, two showed poor cardiac function and three resulted in perinatal mortality. Three cases with intra‐hepatic drainage had continuous flow in the UV, normal in all hemodynamic parameters and all survived.ConclusionHemodynamic assessment of fetuses with IADV was helpful in predicting the development of hydrops and perinatal mortality. The poor prognostic factors included cardiac overload, cardiomegaly, poor myocardial performance, increased preload, the presence of venous pulsations and extra‐hepatic UV drainage. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SDN‐based Sensitive Information (SI) protection: sensitivity‐degree measurement in software and data lifetime supervisor in software defined network
Authors: Sha Letian , He Liwen , Fu Jianming , Sun Jing , Li Pengwei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith the big‐data and mobile Internet era coming, sensitive information (SI) in various applications plays a key role; even more, they can be an important part of the authentication between clients and servers. However, how to measure security or sensitivity degrees of SI is an open issue. Furthermore, no effective method can detect covert channel of SI thieves in Advanced Persistent Threat attacks. To deal with these problems, we propose a new design, called software‐defined networking (SDN)‐based SI Protection, in which sensitivity degree can be measured by using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution, and SI covert channel can be detected based on OpenFlow in SDN. To our best knowledge, it is the first defined sensitivity degree for SI and novel flow‐table design in SI data flow switch. Most significantly, our proposal can apply integrated semantics of leakage points and accident attacks into security analysis and switch protocol in Operating System or network. To verify our proposal, experimental tests are performed in social network platforms, field test results have demonstrated that this proposal can capture security level for SI as expected, detect any kinds of potential leakage points in data lifetime, describe fine‐grained semantics of accidental attacks, and detect illegal data flow of SI in network layer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling inspection to prevent the invasion of alien pests: statistical theory of import plant quarantine systems in Japan
Authors: Yamamura Kohji , Katsumata Hajime , Yoshioka Junji , Yuda Tatsuya , Kasugai Kenji 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe establishment of appropriate import quarantine systems is the best known method for preventing the unintentional introduction of invasive alien pests. However, quarantine systems are sometimes judged as non‐tariff barriers against trade by the World Trade Organization. The construction of a common scientific theory for quarantine systems is thus extremely important to prevent invasion without causing international conflict. We explain several statistical theories that have been adopted in import plant quarantine systems in Japan. Quarantine systems include three major components: (1) import sampling inspection, (2) early detection procedures, and (3) emergency control. We first explain the principle of risk management that was commonly adopted in these components. Then, we explain the method for calculating the required sample size in the import sampling inspection. We then explain hierarchical sampling inspection for detecting alien pests inside Japan. We further explain the theory for declaring the eradication of invasive alien pests as an emergency control. Actual examples of quarantine actions against the invasion of plum pox virus disease and citrus huanglongbing are discussed.
The effectiveness of a program of physical activity and diet to modify cardiovascular risk factors in patients with severe mental illness after 3-month follow-up: CAPiCOR randomized clinical trial
Authors: Masa-Font R. , Fernández-San-Martín M.I. , Martín López L.M. , Alba Muñoz A.M. , Oller Canet S. , Martín Royo J. , San Emeterio Echevarría L. , Olona Tabueña N. , Ibarra Jato M. , Barroso García A. , González Tejón S. , Tajada Vitales C. , Díaz Mújica B. , Viñas Cabrera L. , Sanchís Catalán R. , Salvador Barbarroja T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this randomized clinical trial follow-up at three months was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention with a focus on diet and physical activity (PA) to change the amount of PA, body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC) in patients with severe mental illness.MethodsWe recruited 332 outpatients with severe mental disorders undergoing treatment with antipsychotic medication from Mental Healthcare Centers of Barcelona. They were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The patients in the intervention group participated in a group PA and diet educational program. The blinded measurements at 0 and 3 months were: the level of PA (IPAQ questionnaire), BMI, WC, blood pressure, dietary habits (PREDIMED questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and laboratory parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).ResultsThe average age was 46.7 years and 55% were males. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed in 67.1% of them. At 3 months, the average weekly walking METs rose significantly in the IG 266.05 METs (95%CI: 16.86 to 515.25; P = 0.036). The total MET average also rose although not significantly: 191.38 METs (95%CI: 1.38 to 381.38; P = 0.086). However, the BMI decreased significantly more in the CG, by 0.26 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.02 to 0.51; P = 0.038), than in the IG. There were no significant differences in the WC.ConclusionsThe short-term results suggest that the intervention increases the level of PA, but does not improve physical or laboratory parameters.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01729650 (effectiveness of a physical activity and diet program in patients with psychotic disorder [CAPiCOR]).
Isolated brain metastasis – A rare site of recurrence in a recurrent epithelial carcinoma ovary
Authors: Talwar Vineet , Dodagoudar Chandragouda , Rajpurohit Sajjan , Raina Shubhra , Talwar Jyoti , Chauhan Deepika 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA 40-year-old lady presented with 15 months after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy with headache and impaired memory. MRI brain revealed isolated frontal lobe metastasis. She underwent surgical excision, whole brain RT followed by six cycles of chemotherapy.
Enhancing the role of health professionals in the advancement of adolescent sexual health and rights in Africa
Authors: Kangaude Godfrey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo realize adolescents’ right to sexual health, state parties’ implementation of the obligations stipulated under Article 14 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa should reflect the key principles of the rights of the child, articulated under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Welfare and Rights of the Child. However, societal norms that stigmatize adolescent sexual conduct constitute barriers to adolescents’ sexual health care, including their access to contraceptives to avoid unwanted pregnancies and protect themselves from STIs and HIV. States should sensitize and train health professionals to provide sexual health services and care in accordance with the principles of the rights of the child, and create enabling laws and policies to facilitate their work with adolescents.
Solving the annuity puzzle: The role of mortality salience in retirement savings decumulation decisions
Authors: Salisbury Linda Court , Nenkov Gergana Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe propose mortality salience – increased accessibility of death‐related thoughts – as one previously unexplored explanation for the annuity puzzle, the low rate at which retirees buy annuities even though economists recommend annuities as an optimal decision. Across four studies we show that mortality salience decreases how likely individuals are to put savings into an annuity. By forcing consumers to consider their own death, the annuity decision makes mortality salient, motivating them to avoid the annuity option as a proximal defense against the death‐related thoughts triggered by considering an annuity. Moreover, we demonstrate the robustness of the mortality salience effect through measurement and manipulation of the underlying process, and we estimate an overall mean effect size using meta‐analysis. With this research, psychological theory can inform economic theory by helping to explain the annuity puzzle phenomenon that has challenged economists for decades. This research also has important implications for consumer welfare by offering insights into annuity choice and helping to inform the increasingly complex financial decisions facing individuals as they navigate the retirement savings decumulation process.
Do less ethical consumers denigrate more ethical consumers? The effect of willful ignorance on judgments of others
Authors: Zane Daniel M. , Irwin Julie R. , Reczek Rebecca Walker 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research shows that consumers who willfully ignore ethical product attributes denigrate other, more ethical consumers who seek out and use this information in making purchase decisions. Across three studies, willfully ignorant consumers negatively judge ethical others they have never met across various disparate personality traits (e.g., fashionable, boring). The denigration arises from the self‐threat inherent in negative social comparison with others who acted ethically instead of choosing not to do so. In addition, this denigration has detrimental downstream consequences, undermining the denigrator's commitment to ethical values, as evidenced by reduced anger toward firms who violate the ethical principle in question and reduced intention to behave ethically in the future. There are two moderators of the effect: Denigration becomes less strong if willfully ignorant consumers have a second opportunity to act ethically after initially ignoring the ethical product information and also significantly weakens if initially ignoring the ethical attribute is seen as justifiable. These results have implications for understanding ethical consumption behavior, perceptions of ethical consumerism in general, and marketing of ethical products.
Transport equation for the isotropic turbulent energy dissipation rate in the far-wake of a circular cylinder
Authors: Tang S. L. , Antonia R. A. , Djenidi L. , Zhou Y. 
Published: October 2015

The transport equation for the isotropic turbulent energy dissipation rate $\overline{{\it\epsilon}}_{iso}$ along the centreline in the far-wake of a circular cylinder is derived by applying the limit at small separations to the two-point energy budget equation. It is found that the imbalance between the production and the destruction of $\overline{{\it\epsilon}}_{iso}$, respectively due to vortex stretching and viscosity, is governed by both the streamwise advection and the lateral turbulent diffusion (the former contributes more to the budget than the latter). This imbalance differs intrinsically from that in other flows, e.g. grid turbulence and the flow along the centreline of a fully developed channel, where either the streamwise advection or the lateral turbulent diffusion of $\overline{{\it\epsilon}}_{iso}$ governs the imbalance. More importantly, the different types of imbalance represent different constraints on the relation between the skewness of the longitudinal velocity derivative $S$ and the destruction coefficient of enstrophy $G$. This results in a non-universal approach of $S$ towards a constant value as the Taylor microscale Reynolds number $R_{{\it\lambda}}$ increases. For the present flow, the magnitude of $S$ decreases initially ($R_{{\it\lambda}}\leqslant 40$) before increasing ($R_{{\it\lambda}}>40$) towards this constant value. The constancy of $S$ at large $R_{{\it\lambda}}$ violates the modified similarity hypothesis introduced by Kolmogorov (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 82–85) but is consistent with the original similarity hypotheses (Kolmogorov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941b, pp. 299–303 (see also 1991 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 434, pp. 9–13)) ($K41$), and, more importantly, with the almost completely self-preserving nature of the plane far-wake.
Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intakes and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese adults: a matched case–control study
Authors: Zeng Fang-fang , Liu Yuan-ting , Lin Xiao-ling , Fan Yu-ying , Zhang Xing-lan , Xu Chun-hua , Chen Yu-ming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany studies have suggested that folate-related one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients may play a role in certain cancer risks, but few studies have assessed their associations with the risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we investigated the association between four folate-related one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients (folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine) and NPC risk in Chinese adults. A total of 600 patients newly diagnosed (within 3 months) with NPC were individually matched with 600 hospital-based controls by age, sex and household type (urban v. rural). Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intakes were measured using a validated seventy-eight-item FFQ. A higher dietary folate or vitamin B6 intake was associated with a lower NPC risk after adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted OR of NPC for quartiles 2–4 (v. 1) were 0·66 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·91), 0·52 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·74) and 0·34 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·50) (Ptrend<0·001) for folate and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·52, 1·00), 0·55 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·78) and 0·44 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·63) (Ptrend<0·001) for vitamin B6. No significant association with NPC risk was observed for dietary vitamin B12 or methionine intake. The risk for NPC with dietary folate intake was more evident in the participants who were not exposed to toxic substances than in those who were exposed (Pinteraction=0·014). This study suggests that dietary folate and vitamin B6 may be protective for NPC in a high-risk population.
WILKINSON V DOWNTON REVISITED
Authors: Hunt Chris D.L. 
Published: October 2015

IN OPO v Rhodes [2015] UKSC 32, the Supreme Court clarified the elements of the tort of intentional infliction of harm. Created in Wilkinson v Downton [1897] 2 Q.B. 57, the tort has long attracted the attention of academic commentators, but has rarely been argued successfully in English courts. In Wilkinson, the jury awarded the plaintiff damages for the physical suffering she endured as a result of severe shock that was caused when the defendant, playing a practical joke, falsely informed her that her husband had been injured in an accident. Wright J. held that the tort required an act be done “wilfully”, that is “calculated to cause physical harm”, and which does in fact cause “physical harm” (at 58–59). The Wilkinson formulation was subsequently endorsed by the Court of Appeal in Javier v Sweeney [1919] 2 K.B. 316 and again, 70 years later, in Khorasandjian v Bush [1993] Q.B. 727. In the latter case, the Court of Appeal emphasised that the wrongful conduct must cause “physical injury” – as distinct from “mere emotional distress” – and it must also be “calculated to cause” the same (at 735–36). Later, in Wong v Parkside Health NHS Trust [2001] EWCA Civ 172; [2003] 3 All E.R. 932, Hale L.J. appeared to qualify the mental element of the tort, observing that Wilkinson does not require actual subjective intent to cause physical harm; rather, according to her Ladyship, “calculated” means deliberately doing an act that is “likely”, all things considered, to result in the degree of physical harm that was in fact suffered (at [10]–[11]). Subsequently, Lord Hoffmann, writing the principal judgment for the House of Lords in Wainwright v Home Office [2003] UKHL 53; [2004] 2 A.C. 406, revisited both elements of the tort. He affirmed that, traditionally, it requires proof of actual harm, such as psychiatric illness, as distinct from mere distress (at [45]); and, consistently with Lady Hale's judgment in Wong, he interpreted Wilkinson as providing that the intent to cause such harm can be “imputed” to the defendant if it is an obvious consequence of a deliberate act, even though such harm may not have been subjectively appreciated or intended (at [37], [40]). Additionally, His Lordship contemplated expanding the tort to capture mere distress short of physical harm, but cautioned that, if the law was to expand to such cases (which he left to future courts to decide), “imputed intention will not do” (at [45]). Rather, mere distress should in His Lordship's view only be recoverable (if at all) where the defendant had a “genuine intention to cause distress” (at [46]).
Internal Trade Agreements in Canada: Progress, Complexity and Challenges
Authors: Kukucha Christopher J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite criticism of ongoing protectionism, this study argues that Canada's internal trade regime has evolved significantly since the implementation of the original Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT). This includes thirteen formal amendments to the AIT and numerous regional agreements in Western, Central, and Atlantic Canada. Borrowing from the liberal International Political Economy (IPE) literature it argues that existing regional agreements complement and offer a potential framework for broader internal trade reforms at the national level. Of these the New West Partnership Trade Agreement (NWPTA) offers a promising model for Canada's internal market, with revised rules and norms related to negative lists, labour mobility, procurement, and investment and dispute settlement. Ongoing efforts to remove barriers will also be linked to a strengthened Internal Trade Secretariat, confidence-building measures, increased transparency and further reform of technical language.
« Faire la politique soi-même » : le cas des mobilisations contre le gaz de schiste au Québec
Authors: Dufour Pascale , Bherer Laurence , Rothmayr Allison Christine 
Published: October 2015

RésuméLa littérature sur l'engagement militant a caractérisé les transformations récentes du militantisme comme faisant partie d'un processus de « personnalisation du politique ». Pour des raisons structurelles et/ou culturelles, les citoyens engagés développeraient un nouveau rapport au politique, recherchant une satisfaction personnelle dans leur engagement. Nous proposons une lecture alternative, interprétant plutôt cette transformation comme dudo-it-yourself (DIY) politics, soit le fait de « faire la politique soi-même ». À partir des mobilisations contre le gaz de schiste au Québec, nous montrons que leDIY politicsest le résultat « logique » (au sens de rationnel) et nécessaire du fait que ces citoyens s'opposent à des manques institutionnels qui menacent leurs conditions de vie. Ainsi, plus que la recherche d'un plaisir personnel, il s'agit plus prosaïquement de réactions contingentes à une situation, une réponse à la fois individuelle et collective à une situation vécue et perçue comme problématique. Dans le conflit sur le gaz de schiste au Québec, notre cas d’étude, nous montrons : 1) que le motif premier de l'engagement peut être compris comme le passage d'un « territoire du moi » à un « territoire du nous » et 2) que c'est une double insuffisance de représentation qui a soutenu l'engagement citoyen : défaut de la représentation institutionnelle et défaut de la représentation par les acteurs collectifs déjà en place.
Effects of human disturbance on the mongoose lemur Eulemur mongoz in Comoros: implications and potential for the conservation of a Critically Endangered species
Authors: Nadhurou Bakri , Righini Roberta , Gamba Marco , Laiolo Paola , Ouledi Ahmed , Giacoma Cristina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe decline of the mongoose lemur Eulemur mongoz has resulted in a change of its conservation status from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Assessing the current threats to the species and the attitudes of the people coexisting with it is fundamental to understanding whether and how human impacts may affect populations. A questionnaire-based analysis was used to study the impact of agriculture and other subsistence activities, and local educational initiatives, on lemur abundance, group size and composition in the Comoros. On the islands of Mohéli and Anjouan we recorded 214 lemurs in 63 groups, the size and composition of which depended both on environmental parameters and the magnitude and type of anthropogenic pressure. There was no evidence of an impact of anthropogenic disturbance on abundance. In contrast, group size and composition were sensitive to human impacts. The most important threats were conflicts related to crop raiding, as well as illegal capture and hunting. The promotion of educational activities reduced the negative impact of hunting and illegal activities. These results highlight a need for urgent conservation measures to protect the species.