bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopathic family physicians' attitudes, knowledge, and self-reported practices regarding obesity
Authors: Harris Jeffrey E , Hamaday Valerie , Mochan Eugene 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The study's purpose was to examine attitudes, knowledge, and self-reported practices of osteopathic family physicians regarding obesity. A survey was developed and administered to osteopathic family physicians. Respondents were predominantly male (76%), and their mean age was 44.6 years. Most had been in practice for fewer than 10 years. Physicians surveyed used diet, exercise, and behavior modification most often in treating obese patients. They were reluctant to suggest medications for treatment of obesity. The physicians also displayed a lack of understanding of the proper assessment of obese patients. These family physicians admitted that medical journals and continuing education were their major sources of information about obesity. Most agreed that their medical school training was deficient in regard to the treatment of obesity, but a majority wished further training. Most of the physicians surveyed had a desire to collaborate on obesity-related research projects. These trends appeared not to be related to physician gender, age, years in practice, or weight. The results of this survey indicated that osteopathic family physicians desire to be updated on current research regarding obesity and use of interdisciplinary modalities. Additional access to training could make an impact on these attitudes and thereby influence their patient management.
Childhood obesity
Authors: Holtz Christina , Smith Troy M , Winters Frank D 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Childhood obesity has become one of the more alarming nutritional problems plaguing the American population, with estimates as high as 25% of all children being obese. Aside from obesity's associated risks, there are psychosocial and emotional burdens carried by obese children as well. Clinicians are encountering many of these children in their clinics everyday for other reasons and yet are failing to address the issue of obesity. The problem is not so much that physicians are not recognizing it, but rather that they are ignoring it, especially if the parent or child is unaware that there is a problem. Unfortunately, much controversy exists regarding the treatment of childhood obesity. This article attempts to sort through the myriad issues surrounding childhood obesity and to dispel some of the rumors and myths surrounding this subject.
Training osteopathic geriatric academicians: Impact of a model geriatric residency program
Authors: Cavalieri Thomas A , Basehore Pamela , Perweiler Elyse , Chopra Anita 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The need for osteopathic geriatric academic leaders who are educators and researchers is well recognized. The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Osteopathic Medicine's Geriatric Residency Program, a federally funded Faculty Training Project in Geriatric Medicine and Dentistry, has served as a model program in the osteopathic medical profession since its inception in 1989. Targeting internal medicine and family medicine physicians interested in academic careers in geriatrics, the program promotes interdisciplinary training, which develops clinical, research, and teaching/administrative skills. A survey of program graduates assessed their perceptions about the field of geriatrics and the impact of training on career choice and level of satisfaction. Results indicated that 100% of the former trainees entered the field of geriatrics; 57% hold full-time faculty appointments at an osteopathic medical school, and 43% practice as clinical geriatricians. Of those in an academic setting, all taught medical students and housestaff and were involved in research. All the respondents were satisfied with their career choice, although 71 % indicated that a higher salary and greater respect for the discipline would further enhancetheir satisfaction. Greater than half perceived a need for additional geriatricians and ranked complexity of care, lower salaries, inadequate reimbursement, and indebtedness after medical school as significant barriers to entering the field. This program has been successful in training academic geriatricians, it has created role models for students, and it has responded to the shortage of osteopathic academic and clinical geriatricians. Financial incentives and reimbursement that is commensurate with complexity of care would serve to attract more trainees to this important primary care discipline.
Efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Craig Timothy J , Golden Stanley J 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Azelastine hydrochloride is a nasally administered antihistamine that is effective and safe for the treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. In addition to acting as a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, azelastine also inhibits the production or release of many chemical mediators of the allergic response such as leukotrienes, free radicals, and cytokines. After nasal administration, azelastine is systemically absorbed with a bioavailability of about 40%. The side effects of azelastine are drowsiness, headache, and bitter taste. Azelastine has a rapid onset of action with a benefit in about 2 hours and a prolonged duration of activity (12 to 24 hours). Studies have shown azelastine to be more effective than placebo in terms of reduction of the major and total symptom complexes of allergic rhinitis. Comparison studies have demonstrated that azelastine is as effective as ebastine, loratadine, cetirizine hydrochloride, and terfenadine at symptom reduction, with varying results when compared with the corticosteroids budesonide and bedomethasone.Although there are conflicting studies, some have demonstrated that azelastine reduces the nasal congestion of allergic rhinitis. This feature that distinguishes it from oral antihistamines is of great interest because corticosteroids are known to be quite effective for the relief of nasal congestion, whereas the antihistamines are effective for the sneezing, itchy eyes, itchy nose, and watery eyes, but not the congestion. Azelastine nasal spray seems to be an efficacious treatment for allergic rhinitis with a rapid onset and long duration of activity, but without the systemic adverse effects of traditional sedating antihistamines.
Educação em saúde e ações de autocuidado como determinantes para prevenção e controle do câncer
Authors: Souza Maria das Graças Gazel de , Santos Iraci dos , Silva Leandro Andrade da 
Published: October 2015

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a produção científica sobre a educação em saúde e as ações de autocuidado como estratégia de prevenção e controle do câncer. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura utilizando as bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo, referente ao período de 2003 a 2013. Após a análise dos 22 artigos selecionados emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: educação em saúde como forma de prevenção do câncer, práticas de autocuidado na prevenção do câncer, campanhas educativas sobre o câncer, e conhecimento acerca da prevenção do câncer. O número de casos novos de câncer tem sofrido um aumento significativo em decorrência do aumento da expectativa de vida da população e também devido à influência de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos em sua formação, tornando importante a ação do enfermeiro como educador visando à prevenção e controle da doença através de orientações acerca das ações de autocuidado.
Glycemic control in patients receiving insulin critics: integrative review
Authors: Paixão Carina Texeira , Silva Lolita Dopico da , Nepomuceno Raquel de Mendonça , De Andrade Karla Biancha Silva , De Almeida Luana Ferreira 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Discutir o conhecimento produzido sobre o controle glicêmico de pacientes críticos que recebem infusão contínua de insulina. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura de publicações nas bases Ovid, Science e Scopus que abordassem a infusão contínua de insulina em pacientes hospitalizados, entre 2003 a 2013 e texto completo disponível on line. Selecionados onze publicações. Resultados: O controle glicêmico com insulina intravenosa apresentou maiores taxas de hipoglicemia apesar de permitir alcançar a meta alvo mais rápido e protocolos informatizados são recursos eficazes na prevenção de eventos hipoglicêmicos apesar de caros e ainda pouco disponíveis na realidade brasileira. Conclusão: É importante fornecer subsídios para o enfermeiro sobre as implicações da hipoglicemia grave durante a infusão contínua de insulina para o controle dos riscos nos processos assistenciais de enfermagem.
Epidemiological profile of hepatitis c patients: a descriptive study on a regional reference unit
Authors: De Oliveira Jacqueline Maldonado , Cardoso Maia Maria Ambrosina , Silva José de Paula , Andrade Raquel Dully , Fortuna Cinira Magali , De Queiroz Cleide Augusta 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de Hepatite C cadastrados em um Serviço de Referência Regional para Hepatites Virais no interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Estudo descritivo, documental, com análise quantitativa. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com parecer n° 560.257. Foram analisadas 128 fichas de notificação por hepatites virais no período de 2007 a julho de 2014. Resultados: 66% dos portadores são do sexo masculino de faixa etária entre 50 a 59 anos. 24,21% possui ensino fundamental completo e, 21,09% ensino superior completo. As exposições ao vírus mais relatadas pelos pacientes foram tratamento dentário (92,9%) e o uso de medicamentos injetáveis (67,9%). O genótipo 1 do vírus foi predominante seguido do genótipo 3. Conclusão: A maioria dos resultados encontrados pelo estudo condiz com o descrito na literatura. Acredita-se ser importante mais pesquisas nessa área.
Promoting the mental health of health professionals
Authors: Silva Thiago Nogueira , Tavares Cláudia Mara de Melo , Da Fonseca Paula Isabella Marujo Nunes , Muniz Marcela Pimenta , De Paiva Laís Mariano , Augusto Verônica de Oliveira 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Identificar as demandas e principais medidas adotadas para a promoção da saúde mental de trabalhadores de saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada no período de 01 a 25 de Agosto de 2014, a partir da biblioteca virtual em saúde nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO. Foram investigados artigos dos últimos 4 anos em português. Aplicados os critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a um total de 07 artigos. Resultados: A promoção da saúde mental no trabalho torna-se de suma importância para se alcançar o equilíbrio emocional dos profissionais de saúde, bem como para se entender as causas de eventuais rompimentos deste equilíbrio. Conclusão: Registra-se a necessidade de se colocar em prática ações que promovam a saúde mental destes sujeitos.
Proposal for best practice guidelines on chemical exposure risk for nurses of a chemotherapy unit
Authors: Borges Giselle Gomes , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Dos Santos Lia Cristina Galvão 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: implantar um manual de boas práticas com a finalidade de minimizar a exposição ao risco químico pelos enfermeiros na Central de Quimioterapia (CQT) a partir do inquérito de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP). Método: Quantitativa e descritiva do tipo inquérito CAP. Resultados: 25 participantes (96,2%) consideram-se vulneráveis ao risco químico, o uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) é considerado por 76,9% como um cuidado para que ocorra o manuseio seguro dos quimioterápicos antineoplásicos (QA), quanto aos cuidados dispensados pelo instituto aos que manuseiam QA 53,8% citam os exames periódicos. Considerações Finais: Os profissionais que trabalham em CQT conhecem e consideram-se expostos ao risco químico. São necessárias intervenções para ampliar a adesão às medidas preventivas como o uso de EPI e subsídios com infraestrutura estratégica para a segurança do trabalhador. A confecção de um manual de boas práticas auxiliará aos enfermeiros a minimizarem à exposição ao risco.Descritores: Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em saúde; Riscos químicos; Quimioterapia; Biossegurança; Enfermagem oncológica.
The distance-learning mode as a strategy in the heath professionals’ continuous improvement
Authors: Bones Ana Amélia Nascimento da Silva , Cazella Silvio César , Da Costa Márcia Rosa 
Published: October 2015

Os profissionais da saúde têm sido sensibilizados a combater a epidemia pelo HIV através da implementação de tecnologias na sua prática. Objetivo: Discutir sobre o desenvolvimento de um Objeto de Aprendizagem para reflexão clínica da realização do teste rápido para HIV e sobre a necessidade da execução da educação permanente. Metodologia: Pesquisa de natureza aplicada, o método constitui-se em revisão de literatura e modelagem de comunidade virtual de aprendizagem. Resultados: em nota prévia, desenvolveu-se o objeto de aprendizagem sobre a abordagem dos usuários com o teste rápido positivo de HIV na atenção básica. O software exelearning foi priorizado devido à reutilização, à interoperabilidade e ao alinhamento da ação educacional com o perfil dos alunos. A expectativa é mapear as estratégias pedagógicas e refletir sobre a educação permanente em espaços coletivos de maneira articulada entre os atores. Conclusão: A padronização de conteúdos educacionais em EaD oportuniza atualização e reformulação das práxis.
Empirical error functions for monthly mean Arctic sea‐ice drift
Authors: Sumata Hiroshi , Gerdes Rüdiger , Kauker Frank , Karcher Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEmpirical error functions for six different low‐resolution Arctic sea‐ice drift products are presented on monthly time scales. To assess the error statistics of the Eulerian ice‐drift products, we use high‐resolution Lagrangian sea‐ice drift obtained from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. We processed the Lagrangian drift to Eulerian drift vectors and used them as a reference for the error assessment. Unlike sea‐ice buoy trajectory data traditionally used for that purpose, SAR offers a much larger number of data, which enable us to do a thorough assessment of the error statistics of the Eulerian products under different ice conditions. We find that the error statistics differ between the products and between the seasons. For some products, the error is dependent on ice drift speed, while for others, the error is rather dependent on ice concentration or on both. The summer ice drifts have roughly a 2 times larger error than the winter drifts, and show significant mean biases. The calculated empirical error functions allow us to derive uncertainty maps for the respective products. These maps can be used for model validation and data assimilation.
Everyday Life Cognitive Instability Predicts Simple Reaction Time Variability: Analysis of Reaction Time Distributions and Delta Plots
Authors: Steinborn Michael B. , Langner Robert , Flehmig Hagen C. , Huestegge Lynn 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe goal of this study is to understand the interface between subjectively assessed and objectively measured attention functioning. To this end, we assessed both self‐report data using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and sustained‐attention performance using a low‐demand psychomotor vigilance task that required participants to respond to visual targets. Unlike previous studies, reliability of task performance was ensured, testing individuals twice within a retest interval of 1 week. Given that everyday life attentional lapse tendencies vary even in normal‐population samples, we asked whether there is a relationship with laboratory performance, in general and as a consequence of time on task (TOT). As a result, low (versus high) CFQ scorers were somewhat different in their average response speed but became particularly prone to lapsing during the task period, as reflected in standard measures of response‐speed variability as well as ex‐Gaussian parameters of distributional skewness. In conclusion, we argue that persistence to sustained demand might be an important aspect of construct validity that must be evoked by a manipulation of TOT, which may be useful for the evaluation of questionnaires in ecologically valid situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimeric [Mo2S12]2− Cluster: A Molecular Analogue of MoS2 Edges for Superior Hydrogen‐Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Luo Wenjia , Ma Lu , Yu Mingzhe , Ren Xiaodi , He Mingfu , Polen Shane , Click Kevin , Garrett Benjamin , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Hadad Christopher , Chen Weilin , Asthagiri Aravind , Wu Yiying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProton reduction is one of the most fundamental and important reactions in nature. MoS2 edges have been identified as the active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Designing molecular mimics of MoS2 edge sites is an attractive strategy to understand the underlying catalytic mechanism of different edge sites and improve their activities. Herein we report a dimeric molecular analogue [Mo2S12]2−, as the smallest unit possessing both the terminal and bridging disulfide ligands. Our electrochemical tests show that [Mo2S12]2− is a superior heterogeneous HER catalyst under acidic conditions. Computations suggest that the bridging disulfide ligand of [Mo2S12]2− exhibits a hydrogen adsorption free energy near zero (−0.05 eV). This work helps shed light on the rational design of HER catalysts and biomimetics of hydrogen‐evolving enzymes.
Internal Oxidant‐Triggered Aerobic Oxygenation and Cyclization of Indoles under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Huang Huawen , Cai Jinhui , Ji Xiaochen , Xiao Fuhong , Chen Ya , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA concise synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]indole derivatives by copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxygenation and cyclization of indoles with oxime acetates is described. This protocol represents an elegant example of N‐1, C‐2, and C‐3 tri‐functionalization of indoles in one‐pot. Mechanistic studies indicate the reaction proceeds through a radical procedure. Oximes as an internal oxidant have been demonstrated to be a driver to initiate aerobic oxidation, which provides a new oxidative pattern for C‐H functionalization even with high atom‐ and step‐economy.
A Persistent 1,2‐Dihydrophosphasilene Adduct
Authors: Hansen Kerstin , Szilvási Tibor , Blom Burgert , Driess Matthias 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reaction of the arylchlorosilylene–NHC adduct ArSi(NHC)Cl [Ar=2,6‐Trip2‐C6H3; NHC=(MeC)2(NMe)2C] 1 with one molar equiv of LiPH2.dme (dme=1,2‐dimethoxyethane) affords the first 1,2‐dihydrophosphasilene adduct 2 (ArSi(NHC)(H)PH). The latter is labile in solution and can undergo head‐to‐tail dimerization to give [ArSi(H)PH]2 3 and “free” NHC. Further stabilization of 2 by complexation with {W(CO)5} affords the isolable 1,2‐dihydrophosphasilene–tungsten complex 4 [ArSi(NHC)(H)P(H)W(CO)5]. Additionally, the new 1‐silyl‐2‐hydrophosphasilene ArSi(NHC)(H)PSiMe3 5 could be synthesized and structurally characterized. DFT studies confirmed that the SiP bond in 2 and 4 is mostly zwitterionic with drastically decreased double‐bond character.
Xylene Isomerization in the Liquid Phase Using Large‐Pore Zeolites
Authors: Gonçalves Jonathan C. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThree large‐pore zeolites, Beta with Si/Al ratios of 25 and 35 and Mordenite with an Si/Al ratio of 30, were studied in the conversion of o‐xylene at 493 K. Maximum conversion was achieved by the catalyst with the highest Si/Al ratio due to faster diffusion of the isomer inside the zeolite channels because of the lower acidity of the solid even with larger crystal size. A kinetic study was then carried out over this catalyst between 473 and 513 K in a batch reactor in the liquid phase. The activation energies obtained do not indicate the presence of diffusional constraints towards any isomer. Finally, the kinetic model obtained was simulated in a fixed‐bed reactor and compared to ZSM‐5 in the temperature range from 493 to 533 K. An increment in p‐xylene production of 20 % on average was obtained.
Chirality‐ and pH‐Controlled Supramolecular Isomerism in Cobalt Phosphonates and Its Impact on the Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Feng Jian‐Shen , Bao Song‐Song , Ren Min , Cai Zhong‐Sheng , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo pairs of enantiomeric compounds with formulas (S)‐ or (R)‐Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅4 H2O [(S)‐1 or (R)‐1], (S)‐ or (R)‐Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅3 H2O [(S)‐ or (R)‐2), and related racemic compound Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅4 H2O (rac‐3; 4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine, H3ppap=3‐phenyl‐2‐[(phosphonomethyl)amino]propanoic acid) are reported. Compounds 1 and rac‐3 show identical three‐dimensional framework structures, whereas compounds 2 have two‐dimensional layer structures. Compounds 1 and 2 are catenation isomers, formation of which is controlled solely by the pH of the reaction mixtures, whereas the formation of isomeric compounds 1 and rac‐3 is controlled purely by the chirality of the phosphonate ligand. The magnetic properties of fully dehydrated (S)‐1, (S)‐2, and rac‐3 are highly dependent on both structure and chirality.
In Situ Visualization of Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly in Organic Media by Super‐Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Laine Romain F. , Mahou Pierre , Finnegan John R. , Leitao Erin M. , Webb Stephen E. D. , Kaminski Clemens F. , Manners Ian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnalytical methods that enable visualization of nanomaterials derived from solution self‐assembly processes in organic solvents are highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) and single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to map living crystallization‐driven block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly in organic media at the sub‐diffraction scale. Four different dyes were successfully used for single‐colour super‐resolution imaging of the BCP nanostructures allowing micelle length distributions to be determined in situ. Dual‐colour SMLM imaging was used to measure and compare the rate of addition of red fluorescent BCP to the termini of green fluorescent seed micelles to generate block comicelles. Although well‐established for aqueous systems, the results highlight the potential of super‐resolution microscopy techniques for the interrogation of self‐assembly processes in organic media.