bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genetic biosensor for identification of transcriptional repressors of target promoters
Authors: Wang Weishan , Li Xiao , Li Yue , Li Shanshan , Fan Keqiang , Yang Keqian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTranscriptional repressors provide widespread biological significance in the regulation of gene expression. However, in prokaryotes, it is particularly difficult to find transcriptional repressors that recognize specific target promoters on genome-scale. To address this need, a genetic biosensor for identifying repressors of target promoters was developed in Escherichia coli from a de novo designed genetic circuit. This circuit can convert the negative input of repressors into positive output of reporters, thereby facilitating the selection and identification of repressors. After evaluating the sensitivity and bias, the biosensor was used to identify the repressors of scbA and aco promoters (PscbA and Paco), which control the transcription of signalling molecule synthase genes in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis, respectively. Two previously unknown repressors of PscbA were identified from a library of TetR family regulators in S. coelicolor and three novel repressors of Paco were identified from a genomic library of S. avermitilis. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that these newly identified repressors attenuated the transcription of their target promoters by direct binding. Overall, the genetic biosensor developed here presents an innovative and powerful strategy that could be applied for identifying genome-wide unknown repressors of promoters in bacteria.
Direct Conversion of CH3NH3PbI3 from Electrodeposited PbO for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Jin-hua , Jiang Ke-jian , Cui Xue-ping , Zhang Qian-qian , Gao Meng , Su Mei-ju , Yang Lian-ming , Song Yanlin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have recently been identified as a promising light absorber for solar cells. In the efficient solar cells, the perovskite active layer has generally been fabricated by either vapor deposition or two-step sequential deposition process. Herein, electrochemically deposited PbO film isin situconverted into CH3NH3PbI3through solid-state reaction with adjacent CH3NH3I layer, exhibiting a large-scale flat and uniform thin film with fully substrate coverage. The resultant planar heterojunction photovoltaic device yields a best power conversion efficiency of 14.59% and an average power conversion efficiency of 13.12 ± 1.08% under standard AM 1.5 conditions. This technique affords a facile and environment-friendly method for the fabrication of the perovskite based solar cells with high reproducibility, paving the way for the practical application.
Metro system in Guangzhou as a hazardous reservoir of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci: findings from a point-prevalence molecular epidemiologic study
Authors: Peng Yang , Ou Qianting , Lin Dongxin , Xu Ping , Li Ying , Ye Xiaohua , Zhou Junli , Yao Zhenjiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStaphylococci are common causes of healthcare-associated and community-associated infections. However, limited data are available on the prevalence, phenotypes and molecular characteristics of Staphylococci in metro system around the world. 320 surface samples were collected from the Guangzhou metro system to isolate and characterize Staphylococci strains. Of the samples, 75.6% (242/320) were contaminated with Staphylococci. The Staphylococci isolates, especially the methicillin resistant isolates, were resistance to most of the antibiotics, with 79.8% (193/242) classified as multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. 8 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carried a range of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types [I (1), II (3), III (2) and NT (2)]. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into several ST types and showed possible cross transmissions of strains from various sources. All MRSA strains were positive for the qac gene and only one methicillin-susceptible Staphylococci aureus (MSSA) strain was positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. This study demonstrated that environmental surfaces in the Guangzhou metro system may be a hazardous reservoir for transmission of Staphylococci to passengers. The resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants observed among isolates was also noteworthy.
Auxiliary circuit for zero‐voltage‐transition interleaved pulse‐width modulation buck converter
Authors: Esteki Morteza , Adib Ehsan , Farzanehfard Hosein , Arshadi Sayed Abbas 
Published: October 2015

An interleaved zero‐voltage‐transition (ZVT) pulse‐width modulation (PWM) buck converter is proposed in this study. The proposed converter consists of two identical buck converters connected in parallel and an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit has only one active switch. Zero‐voltage switching condition for main switches and also, zero‐current switching condition for the auxiliary circuit semiconductor components are achieved. Principle of operation and analysis of the proposed converter is provided. Moreover, the extension of the proposed idea to interleaved buck–boost, interleaved flyback and interleaved forward converters are presented. A 160 W prototype of the proposed ZVT PWM buck converter is implemented and the results are presented to verify the validity of theoretical analysis.
Quantum size effect across semiconductor‐to‐metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin films
Authors: Khan G.R. , Bhat B.A. 
Published: October 2015

The phase transition temperature of vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films shifts to the vicinity of room temperature by reducing the dimensions from microscale to nanoscale without the use of any dopant. This quantum size effect elucidated by studying the structural, optical and electrical properties of nanothin and microthin films of VO2 across their semiconductor–metal phase transitions has been demonstrated in this reported work. The films fabricated on glass substrates via the inorganic sol–gel route were characterised by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X‐ray diffractometery, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and the four‐probe method. The RBS results estimate a layer thickness of 15 and 291 nm for nanothin and microthin films, respectively. The films were polycrystalline in their nature of [011] orientation with regular and irregular crystallites of a cuboidal surface morphology. Estimation of crystallite size revealed that nanothin films attain poor crystallinity as compared with microthin films. The blue shift was observed in nanothin films from microthin films as maximum absorption occurred at wavelengths of 360 and 443 nm, respectively. Optical bandgaps of 2.3 and 1.87 eV were found for nanothin and microthin films, respectively. Depletion in metal‐to‐semiconductor and semiconductor‐to‐metal transition temperatures were experienced from higher temperature regimes of 341 and 335 K for microthin films to lower temperature regimes of 319 and 305 K for nanothin films, respectively.
Extreme electron polaron spatial delocalization in π-conjugated materials
Authors: Rawson Jeff , Angiolillo Paul J. , Therien Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
π-Conjugated organic molecules offer an added dimension to traditional inorganic materials in transistors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. The spatial extent over which charges are spread within an organic structure is associated with a material’s suitability for these applications. Here, using two experimental spectroscopic techniques, coupled with computational analysis, we determine the distribution of negative charges within designed organic molecules comprised of multiple π-conjugated repeat units. We find that negative charges in these highly conjugated organic structures are dispersed over greater areas relative to any other organic material that has been studied to date. This discovery is significant, as the design of organic materials that adeptly accommodate and transmit negative charges remains a significant challenge in materials science.
KH domain protein RCF3 is a tissue-biased regulator of the plant miRNA biogenesis cofactor HYL1
Authors: Karlsson Patricia , Christie Michael Danger , Seymour Danelle K. , Wang Huan , Wang Xi , Hagmann Jörg , Kulcheski Franceli , Manavella Pablo Andrés 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally in a process known as gene silencing. Fine-tuning the production of miRNAs is essential for correct silencing of their targets, which in turn is important for homeostasis and development. To fine-tune the production of miRNAs, plants deploy a combination of proteins that act as cofactors of the miRNA-processing machinery. Here, we describe REGULATOR OF CBF GENE EXPRESSION 3 (RCF3) as a tissue-specific regulator of miRNA biogenesis in plants. RCF3 interacts with the phosphatases C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE1 and 2 (CPL1 and CPL2), ultimately affecting the phosphorylation of one of the main DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) accessory proteins, HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), with a concomitant effect on miRNA production.
Better Overeducated than Unemployed? The Short- and Long-Term Effects of an Overeducated Labour Market Re-entry
Authors: Voßemer Jonas , Schuck Bettina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that overeducation is inferior to adequate employment. For example, overeducated workers have lower earnings, participate less often in continuing education and training, and are less satisfied with their jobs. This article changes perspectives by asking whether it is better for the unemployed to take up a job for which they are overeducated or to remain unemployed and continue the search for adequate employment. Theoretically, we rely on the established confrontation of the stepping-stone and trap hypotheses, which make opposing predictions in terms of long-term employment chances and job quality. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984–2012) and applying a dynamic propensity score matching approach, the analyses reveal an interesting trade-off. Although an overeducated re-entry increases the long-term employment chances persistently, it also implies strong lock-in effects into overeducation for up to 5 years after re-employment. In sum, the results support the stepping-stone hypothesis in terms of future employment chances, but also highlight non-negligible risks of remaining trapped in a job that is below one’s level of educational qualification.
Mysterious misalignments between geomagnetic and stellar reference frames seen in CHAMP and Swarm satellite measurements
Authors: Maus Stefan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe orientation of a spacecraft in Low Earth Orbit can be determined accurately from either magnetic field measurements or star camera images. Ideally, the independently computed spacecraft attitudes should agree. However, we find that the German CHAMP and European Space Agency triple-satellite Swarm geomagnetic satellites exhibit consistent misalignments between the stellar and geomagnetic reference frames, which oscillate with the local time of the orbit. Having an amplitude of 20 arcsec, these oscillations are more than an order of magnitude larger than the stability of the optical bench, which cohosts the magnetometers and star cameras. The misalignments could originate either from the magnetometer or star camera measurements. On one hand, as-yet-unknown external magnetic field contributions could appear as a rotation of the geomagnetic reference frame. On the other hand, the observed misalignments agree in amplitude and phase with the effects of stellar aberration, caused by the movement of the star cameras relative to the light rays emitted by the stars. This is surprising because stellar aberration is allegedly already corrected for by the star image processing system. Resolving these mysterious misalignments is key to fulfilling the measurement accuracy requirements and science objectives of the ongoing Swarm mission. If caused by stellar aberration, fully correcting for this effect could significantly improve the attitude accuracy not only of CHAMP and Swarm, but also of several other past and ongoing scientific satellite missions.
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing maps from multiple human tissues reveal novel CpG islands associated with tissue-specific regulation
Authors: Mendizabal Isabel , Yi Soojin V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCpG islands (CGIs) are one of the most widely studied regulatory features of the human genome, with critical roles in development and disease. Despite such significance and the original epigenetic definition, currently used CGI sets are typically predicted from DNA sequence characteristics. Although CGIs are deeply implicated in practical analyses of DNA methylation, recent studies have shown that such computational annotations suffer from inaccuracies. Here we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing from 10 diverse human tissues to identify a comprehensive, experimentally obtained, single-base resolution CGI catalog. In addition to the unparalleled annotation precision, our method is free from potential bias due to arbitrary sequence features or probe affinity differences. In addition to clarifying substantial false positives in the widely used University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) annotations, our study identifies numerous novel epigenetic loci. In particular, we reveal significant impact of transposable elements on the epigenetic regulatory landscape of the human genome and demonstrate ubiquitous presence of transcription initiation at CGIs, including alternative promoters in gene bodies and non-coding RNAs in intergenic regions. Moreover, coordinated DNA methylation and chromatin modifications mark tissue-specific enhancers at novel CGIs. Enrichment of specific transcription factor binding from ChIP-seq supports mechanistic roles of CGIs on the regulation of tissue-specific transcription. The new CGI catalog provides a comprehensive and integrated list of genomic hotspots of epigenetic regulation.
An Absence of Fairness… Restrictions on Industrial Action and Protest in the Trade Union Bill 2015
Authors: Ford QC Michael , Novitz Tonia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In July 2015, a Trade Union Bill was introduced by the incoming Conservative Government which seeks to place significant restrictions on UK trade union activity, probably in anticipation of deep budgetary cuts affecting the public sector which are likely to generate protest. The assertion has been made that this legislative proposal is fair and balanced. We contest that claim with reference to the likely effect of the measures on industrial action, pickets and protests. The consultative process was incomplete and the substantive provisions unfairly target union-organised strikes and protests. The proposals are open to challenge on grounds of insufficient justification, impracticability of compliance and violation of fundamental civil liberties. They entail probable breach of UK obligations in respect of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards and rights arising under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and European Social Charter (ESC). By further restricting the scope of lawful industrial action and pickets, the proposed legislation risks provoking other kinds of protest.
A comprehensive test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis in pronghorn (
Antilocapra americana
)
Authors: Clancey Erin , Byers John A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Trivers–Willard hypothesis (TWH) predicts that in a polygynous mating system, when fitness of male offspring is more variable than fitness of female offspring, mothers should invest more heavily in the sex with the highest marginal fitness returns. Females in good condition or high social rank should benefit by investing in sons, and females in poor condition or low social rank should benefit by investing in daughters. Many empirical studies have tested different aspects of the TWH, but no study has tested the assumptions and predictions in a single polygynous species using measures of maternal condition and maternal social rank, while accounting for random effects that can also influence offspring growth and survival. Here, we followed individuals in an isolated population of pronghorn on the National Bison Range, Montana, over multiple generations and tested the assumptions and predictions of the TWH. Pronghorn females who were in good condition or were socially dominant weaned larger fawns that were in better condition, but this advantage did not increase male fawn survival or reproductive success. We detected a slight bias in birth sex ratios according to maternal social rank, but overall we did not detect any adaptive benefit to mothers adopting a sex-biased investment strategy.
Comparison of patient and caregiver perception of pain from commonly performed accident and emergency services procedures
Authors: Durand Bechu Manon , Mouysset Vincent , Minville Vincent , Bounes Vincent , Houze-Cerfon Charles H. 
Published: October 2015

Objective
To compare the perception by naive patients, emergency services clinicians and nurses, of healthcare-induced pain for procedures performed frequently by accident and emergency services.

Methods
A prospective, three-part anonymous survey, given to caregivers and patients at arrival accident and emergency services. The primary endpoint was the a priori estimated pain score for 10 procedures performed frequently by accident and emergency services. The same estimation was performed with the ‘willingness to pay’ method (amount allocated a priori to avoid this pain).

Results
Fifty surveys were analyzed in each group, with a significant difference for pain perception between caregivers and patients concerning four procedures: local anesthesia, fracture or dislocation reduction, dressing change and abscess incision. Caregivers always overestimated pain scores compared with patients. No difference was noted for the remaining five procedures: intravenous line insertion and removal, urethral catheterization, wound suture and nasogastric intubation.

Conclusion
Caregivers should be aware of the most feared procedures by patients to establish pre-emptive analgesia when possible, inform patients and achieve reassurance.
High Prevalence of Response to Proton‐pump Inhibitor Treatment in Children With Esophageal Eosinophilia
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Junquera Carolina , Fernández‐Fernández Sonia , Cilleruelo M. Luz , Rayo Ana , Echeverría Luis , Quevedo Sergio , Bracamonte Teresa , Román Enriqueta 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Proton‐pump inhibitor‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia is a newly recognized entity with an unclear prevalence in children, as only retrospective data are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of proton‐pump inhibitor‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia in children.Methods:This prospective study enrolled patients with esophageal symptoms and esophageal eosinophilic counts as 15 or more than 15 eos/hpf (eosinophils per high‐power field). Children received treatment with esomeprazole 1 mg · kg−1 per dose twice daily for 8 weeks and the endoscopy was repeated. Complete response to proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) was defined as 5 or less than 5 eos/hpf, and a partial response as >5 and <15 eos/hpf in post‐treatment biopsies.Results:Fifty‐one children (74.5% boys) were included. Histological response was observed in 35 children (68.6%): 24 children (47%) had a complete response and 11 children (21.6%) had a partial response. Only 16 children (31.4%) were diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). There were no differences in history of atopy, allergy tests, pH study results, and endoscopic scores. Clinical symptoms were similar, with the exception of food impaction, which was more frequent in children with EoE (56.2% vs 20%, P = 0.01). The mean pretreatment peak eosinophil count was higher in patients with EoE (74.8 ± 36.2 vs 46.3 ± 30.7, P = 0.007). Eleven of the 14 patients (78.6%) on a lower PPI treatment maintenance dose remained in clinicopathologic remission at 1‐year follow‐up.Conclusions:A significant proportion of children with esophageal eosinophilia responded to high dose PPI treatment. Clinical, endoscopic, and pH study results were similar, with exception of patients with EoE, who were more likely to experience food impaction and have higher esophageal eosinophil counts.
Mapping Adolescent Cancer Services
Authors: Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Taylor Rachel M. , Lea Sarah , Hooker Louise , Pearce Susie , Whelan Jeremy , Gibson Faith 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Specialized cancer services for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are being developed in a number of countries to address the particular needs of this population. However, the evidence base to inform service design and associated care delivery is inadequate.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to undertake a mapping study to identify the main components of AYA cancer care to be studied further to reflect the range of approaches to service delivery currently provided in England.

Methods:
Semistructured interviews were conducted with young people, their family members, and staff in 11 AYA principal treatment centers. Using different levels of extraction, these data were drawn together to illuminate the main components of AYA cancer care and the range of approaches to service delivery.

Results:
Young people, family members, and staff consistently identified and valued similar areas of AYA cancer care: caring and supportive staff, activities designed for AYAs, and an environment that feels like home.

Conclusion:
The mapping exercise successfully informed the selection of 4 sites for an in-depth case study. The main components of specialized AYA care have been described.

Implications for Practice:
This description can assist clinical teams interested in developing or refining their approach to AYA cancer care. It could also offer a way to agree priorities, based on the key components young people consider as being essential for their care, and facilitate services to benchmark against these key components, and it could also go some way to address international AYA goals to support global change to reduce the current disparities in care.