bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma with simultaneous endocervical and intestinal-type mucinous differentiation: report of a rare phenomenon and the immunohistochemical profile
Authors: Buell-Gutbrod Rebecca , Sung C James , Lawrence W Dwayne , Quddus M Ruhul 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Abstract
Intestinal differentiation in the endometrium is rare with only case reports in the international literature. We describe a case of simultaneous endocervical and intestinal-type mucinous differentiation with goblet cells arising in a FIGO grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The patient had no involvement of the myometrium, cervix, or extra-uterine sites. There were no intestinal metaplastic changes of the endocervical canal. The etiology of this change is unknown, although recent reports suggest an association with hyperestrogenism.

Virtual slides
The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1209512176931698
Overexpression of CARM1 in breast cancer is correlated with poorly characterized clinicopathologic parameters and molecular subtypes
Authors: Cheng Hongxia , Qin Yejun , Fan Hui , Su Peng , Zhang Xiaofang , Zhang Hui , Zhou Gengyin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) belongs to the protein arginine methyltransferase family. CARM1 has been reported to be associated with high grade tumors in breast cancer. It still remains unknown the expression pattern of CARM1 in breast cancer and its relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and molecular subtypes.

Methods
Two hundred forty-seven invasive breast cancer cases were collected and prepared for tissue array. There were thirty-seven tumors with benign glandular epithelium adjacent to the tumors among these cases. Molecular subtype and CARM1 expression were investigated using immunohistochemistry.

Results
Cell staining was observed in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. Staining for CARM1 was significantly stronger in adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent benign epithelium. There is a significant correlation between CARM1 overexpression with young age, high grade, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, increased p53 expression, and high Ki-67 index. Our study demonstrated CARM1 overexpression was associated with an increase in the protein expression of HER2. Furthermore, our data indicated CARM1-overexpression rate were remarkably higher in HER2 subtype (69.6%), luminal B subtype (59.6%) and TN subtype (57.1%) compared with luminal A subtype (41.3%).

Conclusions
CARM1 expression was increased in invasive breast cancer. CARM1 overexpression was associated with poorly characterized clinicopathologic parameters and HER2 overexpression. There were significant differences between different molecular subtypes in their relationship to CARM1 overexpression. Our results support the value of using CARM1 in prognostic stratification of breast cancer patients and its potential therapeutic implications in targeting treatment.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4116338491022965
Complete genomic sequence of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line C666-1
Authors: Tso Ken Kai-Yuen , Yip Kevin Yuk-Lap , Mak Cathy Ka-Yan , Chung Grace Tin-Yun , Lee Sau-Dan , Cheung Siu-Tim , To Ka-Fai , Lo Kwok-Wai 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a distinct type of head and neck cancer which is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The C666-1 cell line is the only in vitro native EBV-infected NPC cell model commonly used for study of the viral-host interaction. Nevertheless, the complete EBV genome sequence in this in vitro EBV-infected NPC model has not been characterized.

Objective
To determine the complete EBV genome sequence in C666-1 cells.

Methods
The C666-1 genome was sequenced by 100-bases pair-end massive parallel sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to extract the EBV sequences and construct an EBV consensus sequence map. PCR amplification and Sanger DNA sequencing were used for sequence validation and gap filling. A phylogenetic analysis of EBV strain in C666-1 cells and other reported EBV strains was performed.

Results
A 171,317 bp complete EBV genome of C666-1 was successfully constructed (GenBank accession number: KC617875). Phylogenetic analysis of EBV genome in C666-1 revealed that the C666-1 EBV strain is closely related to the reported strains in NPC primary tumors.

Conclusion
C666-1 contains a representative NPC-associated EBV genome and might serve as an important model for studying the roles or function of viral proteins in NPC tumorigenesis.
Building limes for cultural heritage conservation in China
Authors: Dai Shi-bing 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Lime has been used as a building and decoration material for thousands of years in China. Recent research has focused on developing new air lime with higher bonding strength, grouts and restoration mortars etc. based on natural hydraulic lime, which is both chemically and mechanically more compatible with historic substances.

Results
The most applied lime in China was, and is still air lime, and the traditional slaking and preparation technique has been passed over to the modern generation for most restoration projects. Optimum dosage of Tungoil to lime-earth as damp proofing barrier lies at app. 5 wt%. A kind of patented dispersed air lime modified with additives has been developed, which can be applied as a binder for restoration of traditional lime ornaments or lime paints. Natural hydraulic lime has been introduced into China from 2008 Recently, adhesives and grouting slurries based on natural hydraulic lime have been developed and applied for refitting and cavity filling of delaminated cultural surfaces with proven satisfaction.

Conclusion
The preliminary research works show, both air lime and natural hydraulic limes through modification of latest construction chemistry achievements can meet most of restoration requirements.
Myelin alters the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by activating PPARs
Authors: Bogie Jeroen FJ , Jorissen Winde , Mailleux Jo , Nijland Philip G , Zelcer Noam , Vanmierlo Tim , Van Horssen Jack , Stinissen Piet , Hellings Niels , Hendriks Jerome JA 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Foamy macrophages, containing myelin degradation products, are abundantly found in active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Recent studies have described an altered phenotype of macrophages after myelin internalization. However, mechanisms by which myelin affects the phenotype of macrophages and how this phenotype influences lesion progression remain unclear.

Results
We demonstrate that myelin as well as phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid found in myelin, reduce nitric oxide production by macrophages through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). Furthermore, uptake of PS by macrophages, after intravenous injection of PS-containing liposomes (PSLs), suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. The protective effect of PSLs in EAE animals is associated with a reduced immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system and decreased splenic cognate antigen specific proliferation. Interestingly, PPARβ/δ is activated in foamy macrophages in active MS lesions, indicating that myelin also activates PPARβ/δ in macrophages in the human brain.

Conclusion
Our data show that myelin modulates the phenotype of macrophages by PPAR activation, which may subsequently dampen MS lesion progression. Moreover, our results suggest that myelin-derived PS mediates PPARβ/δ activation in macrophages after myelin uptake. The immunoregulatory impact of naturally-occurring myelin lipids may hold promise for future MS therapeutics.
Establishing quantitative real-time quaking-induced conversion (qRT-QuIC) for highly sensitive detection and quantification of PrPSc in prion-infected tissues
Authors: Shi Song , Mitteregger-Kretzschmar Gerda , Giese Armin , Kretzschmar Hans A 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
PrPSc, the only known constituent of prions, the infectious agents causing prion diseases, can be detected by real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). However, there is no efficient method to quantify the amount of PrPSc by RT-QuIC.

Results
Here we introduce quantitative RT-QuIC (qRT-QuIC) to quantify with high accuracy minute amounts of PrPSc in the brain and various peripheral tissues at levels far below detection by in vivo transmission. PrPSc is relatively resistant to treatment with proteinase K (PK). However, as there can also be a fraction of pathological PrP that is digested by PK, we use the term PrP27-30 to denote to the amount of PrPSc that can be detected by immunoblot after PK treatment. qRT-QuIC is based upon the quantitative correlation between the seeded amount of PrP27-30 and the lag time to the start of the conversion reaction detected by RT-QuIC. By seeding known amounts of PrP27-30 quantified by immunoblot into qRT-QuIC a standard calibration curve can be obtained. Based on this calibration curve, seeded undetermined amounts of PrP27-30 can be directly calculated. qRT-QuIC allowed to quantify PrP27-30 concentrations at extremely low levels as low as 10-15.5 g PrP27-30, which corresponds to 0.001 LD50 units obtained by in vivo i.c. transmission studies. We find that PrP27-30 concentration increases steadily in the brain after inoculation and can be detected at various time points during the incubation period in peripheral organs (spleen, heart, muscle, liver, kidney) in two experimental scrapie strains (RML, ME7) in the mouse.

Conclusions
We suggest that an automatic quantitative system to measure disease progression as well as prion contamination of organs, blood and food product is feasible. Moreover, the concept of qRT-QuIC should be applicable to measure other disease-associated proteins rich in β-pleated structures (amyloid) that bind ThT and that show seeded aggregation.
Effect of organic matter on cyanide removal by illuminated titanium dioxide or zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Farrokhi Mehrdad , Yang Jae-Kyu , Lee Seung-Mok , Shirzad-Siboni Mehdi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEffect of different type of organic compounds (humic acid, oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, phenol) on the photocatalytic removal of cyanide with TiO2or ZnO was studied in this work with variation of the solution pH, contact time, initial cyanide concentration and type of organic compounds. Photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of cyanide with TiO2was greatly affected by the solution pH. It increased as the solution pH decreased. Also maximum removal of cyanide by ZnO was observed near at neutral pH because of the reduced photocatalytic activity of ZnO at exceedingly low and high pH values originated from either acidic/photochemical corrosion of the catalyst and/or surface passivation with Zn(OH)2. Removal efficiency of cyanide greatly decreased in the presence of humic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid compared to that without presence of organic compound because of the competitive oxidation as well as surface blocking by relatively large organic compounds. The oxidation pattern of cyanide was better described by first-order kinetic model. Finally photocatalytic reaction with TiO2or ZnO can be effectively applied to treat synthetic wastewater contaminated with cyanide.
Clinicopathological analysis of primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: effectiveness of rituximab-containing chemotherapy including central nervous system prophylaxis
Authors: Ichikawa Satoshi , Fukuhara Noriko , Inoue Ai , Katsushima Hiroki , Ohba Rie , Katsuoka Yuna , Onishi Yasushi , Yamamoto Joji , Sasaki Osamu , Nomura Jun , Fukuhara Osamu , Ishizawa Kenichi , Ichinohasama Ryo , Harigae Hideo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is an extremely rare subtype of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Some researchers have reported some of the characteristics of PAL and its association with poor prognosis; however, the clinicopathological features of PAL remain to be elucidated.

Methods
From 2008 to 2011 we experienced seven cases of PAL in our institutions. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological features of these patients.

Results
The patients ranged in age from 50 to 85 years, with a median of 71 years. The overall male:female ratio was 6:1. All seven patients were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathologically. Bilateral adrenal involvement was confirmed in five patients. The median largest tumor diameter at diagnosis was 58 mm. The Ki-67 index was generally high (>70%). All patients were treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy, and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis was conducted for three patients. One patient with CNS involvement at the time of the diagnosis also received whole-brain radiation. The overall survival rate at two years was 57% (median follow-up; 24.8 months). It is noteworthy that the three patients who received a full course of the rituximab-containing regimen and CNS prophylaxis are currently alive without disease relapse, and that none of the seven patients died due to progression of lymphoma.

Conclusions
Primary adrenal DLBCL can be a clinically aggressive disease entity. Rituximab-containing chemotherapy combined with CNS prophylaxis could be a reasonable option for the treatment of PAL; however, analyses of more PAL cases are needed for the establishment of this strategy.
The earnings of immigrants and the quality adjustment of immigrant human capital
Authors: Sharaf Mesbah Fathy 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The quality dimension of immigrant human capital has received little attention in the
economic assimilation literature. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how
human capital acquired in different source countries may be adjusted according to its
quality in the Canadian labor market. This is achieved by deriving quality-adjustment
indices using data from the 2001 Canadian census. These indices are then used to
examine the role of schooling quality in explaining differential returns to schooling
and over-education rates by country-of-origin. The key finding is that accounting for
schooling quality virtually eliminates native-immigrant gaps in returns to schooling
and the incidence of over-education. The quality of human capital is important for
understanding the economic integration of immigrants.

JEL Codes

F22; I2; J15; J31
Colonial Techniques in the Imperial Capital: The Prefecture of Police and the Surveillance of North Africans in Paris, 1925-circa 1970
Authors: Prakash Amit 
Published: August 2013

The presence of North African colonial migrants during the interwar years spurred the Parisian Prefecture of Police to adopt some elements of colonial administration. From 1925 to approximately 1970, the Parisian police engaged in the specialized surveillance of the North African community. While official North African police services existed only from 1925 to 1945 and again from 1958 to 1962, a durable conception of North Africans as prone to violence and susceptible to anticolonial politics led the police to undertake systematic if at times unofficial surveillance of North Africans for the entire period under study. This colonial perspective on policing became integrated into the general policing of Paris and outlasted colonialism itself.
Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, la présence de migrants nord-africains incita la Préfecture de police de Paris à adopter certaines procédures de l’administration coloniale. A partir de 1925 et jusqu’aux années 1970, la police parisienne fut chargée de surveiller de façon spécifique la communauté maghrébine. Alors que les services de police relatifs aux Nord-Africains n’ont fonctionné officiellement qu’entre 1925 et 1945, puis de 1958 à 1962, l’idée, solidement ancrée, que les Maghrébins étaient enclins à la violence et susceptibles de fomenter des troubles anticoloniaux, conduisit la police à entreprendre une surveillance systématique, et parfois non officielle, des Nord-Africains pendant la période étudiée ici (1925-70). Ce dispositif colonial fut intégré au fonctionnement de la police en général et a survécu au colonialisme lui-même.
Genetic dissection of a cell-autonomous neurodegenerative disorder: lessons learned from mouse models of Niemann-Pick disease type C
Authors: Lopez Manuel E. , Scott Matthew P. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Understanding neurodegenerative disease progression and its treatment requires the systematic characterization and manipulation of relevant cell types and molecular pathways. The neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is highly amenable to genetic approaches that allow exploration of the disease biology at the organismal, cellular and molecular level. Although NPC is a rare disease, genetic analysis of the associated neuropathology promises to provide insight into the logic of disease neural circuitry, selective neuron vulnerability and neural-glial interactions. The ability to control the disorder cell-autonomously and in naturally occurring spontaneous animal models that recapitulate many aspects of the human disease allows for an unparalleled dissection of the disease neurobiology in vivo. Here, we review progress in mouse-model-based studies of NPC disease, specifically focusing on the subtype that is caused by a deficiency in NPC1, a sterol-binding late endosomal membrane protein involved in lipid trafficking. We also discuss recent findings and future directions in NPC disease research that are pertinent to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in general.
A Fluorescent Sensor Based on Covalently Immobilized Allylcalcein for Determining pH
Authors: Qin Pinzhu , Huang Dawei 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A new type of fluorescent pH sensor using allylcalcein as the fluorophore is described. The allylcalcein was photo-copolymerized on a silanized glass surface. With increasing pH, the fluorescence intensity decreased noticeably. The proposed pH sensor showed good reproducibility, stability, and response time. In the pH range 6.8–11.7, the fluorescence intensity of membrane varied linearly as a function of pH. It has been applied to the analysis of wastewater, river water, and spring water samples.
The Geometry of Online Packing Linear Programs
Authors: Molinaro Marco , Ravi R. 
Published: August 2013

We consider packing linear programs with m rows where all constraint coefficients are normalized to be in the unit interval. The n columns arrive in random order and the goal is to set the corresponding decision variables irrevocably when they arrive to obtain a feasible solution maximizing the expected reward. Previous (1 − ϵ)-competitive algorithms require the right-hand side of the linear program to be Ω((m/ϵ2)log(n/ϵ)), a bound that worsens with the number of columns and rows. However, the dependence on the number of columns is not required in the single-row case, and known lower bounds for the general case are also independent of n.Our goal is to understand whether the dependence on n is required in the multirow case, making it fundamentally harder than the single-row version. We refute this by exhibiting an algorithm that is (1 − ϵ)-competitive as long as the right-hand sides are Ω((m2/ϵ2)log(m/ϵ)). Our techniques refine previous probably approximately correct learning based approaches that interpret the online decisions as linear classifications of the columns based on sampled dual prices. The key ingredient of our improvement comes from a nonstandard covering argument together with the realization that only when the columns of the linear program belong to few one-dimensional subspaces we can obtain such small covers; bounding the size of the cover constructed also relies on the geometry of linear classifiers. General packing linear programs are handled by perturbing the input columns, which can be seen as making the learning problem more robust.
Treatment Needs and Adverse Events Related to Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia for Individuals With Autism
Authors: Rada Robert E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIndividuals with autism can be quite challenging to treat in a routine dental-office setting, especially when extensive dental treatment and disruptive behavioral issues exist. Individuals with autism may also be at higher risk for oral disease. Frequently, general anesthesia is the only method to facilitate completion of the needed dental treatment. General anesthesia is not without complications, and unique occurrences are a necessary consideration for special-needs populations. In addition, behavior challenges may occur which can be disruptive to hospital staff. This article describes treatment needs and determines adverse events during the perioperative period for individuals with autism who have had general anesthesia for comprehensive dental treatment in the hospital.
Light shaping for illumination
Authors: Wester Rolf , Bäuerle Axel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The ever-increasing use of LED as a solid-state light source in general and specialized lighting has pushed the field of optics further for illumination towards sophistication and high precision. In this paper, we provide an overview of this domain, starting with a formulation of the underlying, fundamental mathematical problem, which in itself is not easily and directly solvable. We then describe various algorithms that have been developed as approximations for specialized cases, providing references to the relevant publications. Finally, two examples show the new possibilities in light shaping that have been made possible through the use of nonimaging freeform optics.
Backlight illumination design using constant extinction
Authors: Baumgart Jörg 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Light guiding backlights are a good solution to attain ambient or display illuminations. Generally, they are attained using intended macroscopic defects (dots). Their size, shape and density are designed using ray tracing software. Smaller defects have the fascinating feature that they may not be perceived by the eye. Such a light guide will therefore look transparent and undisturbed. However, such microscopic or even nanoscaled defects are well beyond the limitations of geometrical optics and therefore need other approaches for their design. An interesting alternative to surface defects are particles inside the material or a well-defined surface roughness. In contrast to a defect structure, particle densities or surface roughness cannot be changed without difficulty. These may, however, be much more easily manufactured. In this paper, a simple analytical method for the design of such light guides will be presented. This method is compared to the results of commercial software and will be used to design a homogeneous illumination adopting constant particle density inside the material.