bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding MYC-driven aggressive B-cell lymphomas: pathogenesis and classification
Authors: Ott German , Rosenwald Andreas , Campo Elias 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMYC is a potent oncogene initially identified as the target of the t(8;14)(q24;q32) chromosome translocation in Burkitt lymphoma. MYC gene alterations have been identified in other mature B-cell neoplasms that are usually associated with an aggressive clinical behavior. Most of these tumors originate in cells that do not normally express MYC protein. The oncogenic events leading to MYC up-regulation seem to overcome the inhibitory effect of physiological repressors such as BCL6 or BLIMP1. Aggressive lymphomas frequently carry additional oncogenic alterations that cooperate with MYC dysregulation, likely counteracting its proapoptotic function. The development of FISH probes and new reliable antibodies have facilitated the study of MYC gene alterations and protein expression in large series of patients, providing new clinical and biological perspectives regarding MYC dysregulation in aggressive lymphomas. MYC gene alterations in large B-cell lymphomas are frequently associated with BCL2 or BCL6 translocations conferring a very aggressive behavior. Conversely, MYC protein up-regulation may occur in tumors without apparent gene alterations, and its association with BCL2 overexpression also confers a poor prognosis. In this review, we integrate all of this new information and discuss perspectives, challenges, and open questions for the diagnosis and management of patients with MYC-driven aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
Blood manipulation: current challenges from an anti-doping perspective
Authors: Mørkeberg Jakob 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe delivery of oxygen is the limiting factor during whole-body endurance exercise in well-trained individuals, so manipulating the amount of hemoglobin in the blood results in changes in endurance exercise capacity. Athletes began using novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agents well before they were approved for medical use. Older manipulation practices, such as autologous blood transfusions or the administration of first-generation recombinant human erythropoietins, are still widely abused due to challenges in their detection. More recent performance enhancement maneuvers include efforts to mask doping and to induce increased endogenous erythropoietin expression. Confessions by athletes have revealed an ongoing yet extremely sophisticated modus operandi when manipulating the blood. In this review, weaknesses in detection methods and sample collection procedures are scrutinized and strategies developed to circumvent the test system discussed.
Transfusion guidelines: when to transfuse
Authors: Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Transfusion of blood and blood components has been a routine practice for more than half a century. The rationale supporting this practice is that replacement of blood loss should be beneficial for the patient. This assumption has constituted the underpinning of transfusion medicine for many decades. Only over the past 20 years, we have seen a more concerted effort to answer very basic questions regarding the value of transfusion therapy. An assessment of the value of transfusion based on well-designed and appropriately powered randomized, controlled trials is the first step in optimizing transfusion practices. Systematic reviews provide the second step by building the knowledge base necessary to assess the impact of transfusion practice on patient outcomes. The third step is the development of clinical practice guidelines, and this occurs when systematic reviews are interpreted by individuals with expertise in transfusion medicine. Such guidelines are typically supported by professional organizations and/or health authorities. Implementation of clinical practice guidelines can be challenging, especially in an area as heterogeneous as transfusion medicine. However, clinical practice guidelines are necessary for the practice of evidence-based medicine, which optimizes patient care and improves patient outcomes. This review focuses on clinical practice guidelines for transfusion of three blood components: RBCs, platelets and plasma. In addition, we provide the approach used to implement clinical practice guidelines at our own institution.
Mechanisms of trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: White Nathan J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe identification and management of coagulopathy is a critical component of caring for the severely injured patient. Notions of the mechanisms of coagulopathy in trauma patients have been supplanted by new insights resulting from close examination of the biochemical and cellular changes associated with acute tissue injury and hemorrhagic shock. Acute intrinsic coagulopathy arising in severely injured trauma patients is now termed trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and is an emergent property of tissue injury combined with hypoperfusion. Mechanisms contributing to TIC include anticoagulation, consumption, platelet dysfunction, and hyperfibrinolysis. This review discusses current understanding of TIC mechanisms and their relative contributions to coagulopathy in the face of increasingly severe injury and highlights how they interact to produce coagulation system dysfunction.
First whole genome based microsatellite DNA marker database of tomato for mapping and variety identification
Authors: Iquebal Mir A , Sarika  , Arora Vasu , Verma Nidhi , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The cultivated tomato is second most consumed vegetable of the world and is an important part of a diverse and balanced diet as a rich source of vitamins, minerals, phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant lycopene having anti-cancer properties. To reap benefit of genomics of the domestic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) unravelled by Tomato Genome Consortium (The Tomato Genome Consortium, 2012), the bulk mining of its markers in totality is imperative and critically required. The solgenomics has limited number of microsatellite DNA markers (2867) pertaining to solanaceae family. As these markers are of linkage map having relative distance, the choice of selected markers based on absolute distance as of physical map is missing. Only limited microsatellite markers with limitations are reported for variety identification thus there is a need for more markers supplementing DUS test and also for traceability of product in global market.

Description
We present here the first whole genome based microsatellite DNA marker database of tomato, TomSatDB (Tomato MicroSatellite Database) with more than 1.4 million markers mined in-silico, using MIcroSAtellite (MISA) tool. To cater the customized needs of wet lab, features with a novelty of an automated primer designing tool is added. TomSatDB (http://cabindb.iasri.res.in/tomsatdb), a user-friendly and freely accessible tool offers chromosome wise as well as location wise search of primers. It is an online relational database based on “three-tier architecture” that catalogues information of microsatellites in MySQL and user-friendly interface developed using PHP (Hypertext Pre Processor).

Conclusion
Besides abiotic stress, tomato is known to have biotic stress due to its susceptibility over 200 diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. These markers are expected to pave the way of germplasm management over abiotic and biotic stress as well as improvement through molecular breeding, leading to increased tomato productivity in India as well as other parts of the world. In era of IPR the new variety can be identified based on allelic variation among varieties supplementing DUS test and product traceability.
Changes in drug sensitivity and anti-malarial drug resistance mutations over time among Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Senegal
Authors: Van Tyne Daria , Dieye Baba , Valim Clarissa , Daniels Rachel F , Sène Papa Diogoye , Lukens Amanda K , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Bei Amy K , Ndiaye Yaye Die , Hamilton Elizabeth J , Ndir Omar , Mboup Souleymane , Volkman Sarah K , Wirth Dyann F , Ndiaye Daouda 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Malaria treatment efforts are hindered by the rapid emergence and spread of drug resistant parasites. Simple assays to monitor parasite drug response in direct patient samples (ex vivo) can detect drug resistance before it becomes clinically apparent, and can inform changes in treatment policy to prevent the spread of resistance.

Methods
Parasite drug responses to amodiaquine, artemisinin, chloroquine and mefloquine were tested in approximately 400 Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in Thiès, Senegal between 2008 and 2011 using a DAPI-based ex vivo drug resistance assay. Drug resistance-associated mutations were also genotyped in pfcrt and pfmdr1.

Results
Parasite drug responses changed between 2008 and 2011, as parasites became less sensitive to amodiaquine, artemisinin and chloroquine over time. The prevalence of known resistance-associated mutations also changed over time. Decreased amodiaquine sensitivity was associated with sustained, highly prevalent mutations in pfcrt, and one mutation in pfmdr1 – Y184F – was associated with decreased parasite sensitivity to artemisinin.

Conclusions
Directly measuring ex vivo parasite drug response and resistance mutation genotyping over time are useful tools for monitoring parasite drug responses in field samples. Furthermore, these data suggest that the use of amodiaquine and artemisinin derivatives in combination therapies is selecting for increased drug tolerance within this population.
Sialyl Lewis X as a predictor of skip N2 metastasis in clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Mizuguchi Shinjiro , Izumi Nobuhiro , Chung Kyukwang , Hanada Shoji , Inoue Hidetoshi , Suehiro Shigefumi , Nishiyama Noritoshi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Radical segmentectomy has been performed for small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, underestimation of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in the absence of hilar or interlobar metastasis (skip N2) affects surgical strategy. Our aim was to investigate preoperative and intraoperative predictors of skip N2 in clinical stage (c-stage) IA NSCLC.

Methods
From 1998 to 2011, 279 patients (155 men and 124 women) with c-stage IA NSCLC (230 pN0, 17 pN1, 12 skip N2, 20 non-skip N2) underwent systematic lobectomy (R0 resection) at our institute. We compared preoperative serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 19 fragment, sialyl Lewis X (SLX), and pre- and intraoperative clinicopathological features of pN0 and skip N2 patients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to distinguish between the two patient groups.

Results
The 5-year survival rate of skip N2 patients was 78.6%, higher than that of non-skip N2 patients (44.9%), and not significantly different than that of pN0 (86.7%) or pN1 patients (82.4%). The mean serum SLX concentration in skip N2 patients (28.0 U/ml) was elevated compared to that in pN0 patients (22.9 U/ml). In ROC analysis of SLX, the area under the curve was 0.710, and the optimal cut-off value was 21.4 U/ml (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 51.7%). In multivariate analysis, SLX was an independent predictor of skip N2 in patients with c-stage IA NSCLC (odds ratio, 9.43; p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Skip N2 metastasis is common in patients with c-stage IA NSCLC with high serum SLX, and lobectomy with complete dissection of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes should remain the standard surgical procedure for these cases.
Shape-controllable synthesis of hydrophilic NaLuF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals by a surfactant-assistant two-phase system
Authors: Zhou Na , Qiu Peiy , Wang Kan , Fu Hualin , Gao Guo , He Rong , Cui Daxiang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were prepared by a one-pot procedure in a two-phase reacting system. Four kinds of surfactants were tested in the synthesis process as capping agent to tune size and morphology of nanocrystals. Nanoparticles (approximately 70 nm) and rods (400 nm and 2.5 μm) were synthesized, respectively. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the successful linking between UCNP surface and surfactant. Ionic liquids (ILs) and surfactants participated in synthesis process together, competing with each other to cap on UCNPs. ILs still led the competition of capping, while surfactants worked as cooperative assistants to develop functional surface. Further characterizations such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated the changes in crystallization and phase transformation under the influence of surfactants. In addition, the growth mechanism of nanocrystals and upconversion fluorescence luminance was also investigated in detail. At last, the cytotoxicity of UCNPs was evaluated, which highly suggest that these surface-functionalized UCNPs are promising candidates for biomedical engineering.
Bone marrow-derived stem cells ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating interleukin-17
Authors: Zheng Linhua , Chu Jindong , Shi Yongquan , Zhou Xinmin , Tan Ling , Li Qiang , Cui Lina , Han Zheyi , Han Ying , Fan Daiming 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidences have identified the immunoregulatory features of stem cells. In this study, the immunoregulation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) transplanted into patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis and mouse model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration was observed.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis showed significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12, TGF-beta1, IL-17, and IL-8. However, only IL-17 was markedly decreased after autologous BMSCs transplantation during their follow-up. The same results were found in the CCl4-treated mice. Furthermore, we found that exogenous IL-17 partly abolished the therapeutic effect of BMSCs whereas IL-17-specific antibody promoted improvement of liver injury in CCl4-treated mice, resembling the therapeutic effect of BMSCs transplantation.

Conclusions
These data suggested that BMSCs transplantation induces a decrease of IL-17 level, which at least in part delineates the mechanisms of stem cells-mediated therapeutic benefit on liver disease.
Geographical differences in maternal basking behaviour and offspring growth rate in a climatically widespread viviparous reptile
Authors: Cadby Chloe , Jones Susan , Wapstra Erik 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn reptiles, the thermal environment during embryonic development affects offspring phenotypic traits and potentially offspring fitness. In viviparous species, mothers can potentially manipulate the embryonic thermal environment through their basking behaviour and, thus, may be able to manipulate offspring phenotype and increase offspring fitness. One way mothers can increase offspring fitness is by fine-tuning their basking behaviour to the environment in order to buffer the embryo from deleterious developmental temperatures. In widespread species, it is unclear whether populations that have evolved under different climatic conditions will exhibit different maternal behaviours and/or thermal effects on offspring fitness. To test this, we provided extended or reduced basking opportunity to gravid spotted skinks (Niveoscincus ocellatus) and their offspring from two populations at the climatic extremes of the species distribution. Gravid females fine-tuned their basking behaviour to the basking opportunity, which allowed them to buffer their embryos from potentially negative thermal effects. This fine-tuning of female basking behaviour appears to have led to the expression of geographical differences in basking behaviour with females from the cold alpine regions being more opportunistic in their basking behaviour than females from the warmer regions. However, those differences in maternal behaviour did not preclude the evolution of geographic differences in thermal effects: offspring growth varied between populations potentially suggesting local adaptation to basking conditions. Our results demonstrate that maternal effects and phenotypic plasticity can play a significant role in allowing species to cope in changing environmental conditions, which is particularly relevant in the context of climate change.
Hydrogen Generation by Graphene Oxide–Alkylamine Hybrids through Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Ikeda Yukino , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Takehira Hiroshi , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Matsui Takeshi , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Hayami Shinya 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We report the photocatalytic activities of graphene oxide–alkylated amines (GO–An; GO: graphene oxide and An: alkylamine with n carbons in the alkyl group; n = 0, 1, 4, and 8). The hybrids were synthesized through facile, quick, and reproducible methods and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The hybrids exhibited efficient photocataytic activity to generate hydrogen gas by water splitting under UV light irradiation at room temperature.
Turning points in the economic development of South-American countries
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid 
Published: December 2013

Growth rates of the South-American economies are assessed against the world
economy growth rate. Turning points in economic development are identified
based on the catastrophe theory approach, namely, by evaluating variances in
the rates of economic growth. Turning points of economic growth are identified
for the world economy and also for Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Chile. The
said countries have grown faster than the world economy: Chile, Colombia and
Venezuela have demonstrated the 4,5–5,5% growth rate, and Brazil – 3%.
In terms of growth sustainability the said four countries could be ranged as
follows (in descending order): Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela. All the four
could be prospective business and trading partners. In terms of economic
growth rates and sustainability or growth the most promising partners are
Colombia and Brazil, followed by Chile and Venezuela as slightly less promising
partners
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K. 
Published: December 2013

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 43(6), November–December 2013: Poor Economics, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo; Integration of Information and Optimization Models for Routing in City Logistics, Jan Fabian Ehmke; Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets, Steven A. Gabriel, Antonio J. Conejo, J. David Fuller, Benjamin F. Hobbs, and Carlos Ruiz; Community-Based Operations Research: Decision Modeling for Local Impact and Diverse Populations, Michael P. Johnson; Warehousing in the Global Supply Chain, Riccardo Manzini; Mathematical Optimization of Water Networks, Alexander Martin, Kathrin Klamroth, Jens Lang, Gunter Leugering, Antonio Morsi, Martin Oberlack, Manfred Ostrowski, and Roland Rosen; Advanced Planning in Supply Chains, Hartmut Stadtler, Bernhard Fleischmann, Martin Grunow, Herbert Meyr, and Christopher Sürie; and Fundamentals of Queuing Systems: Statistical Methods for Analyzing Queuing Models, Nick T. Thomopoulos.
A Theory for Market Growth or Decline
Authors: Shugan Steven M. , Mitra Debanjan 
Published: December 2013

Market growth is fundamental to marketing. Frank Bass's seminal diffusion theory explains growth in new product markets. We develop an analogous theory for established markets exhibiting sporadic growth or intermittent declines. Our theory suggests that market participants repeatedly take successful and unsuccessful actions that cause them to change or to mutate in myriad and often unpredictable ways. The environment sorts these mutations, determining winners and losers. Abundant mutations often cause different market participants to become winners, displacing past winners. Abundant mutations also often cause market growth because the natural selection mechanism leaves more surviving favorable mutations. So one nonobvious falsifiable implication of our theory is that displacement precedes growth and stability precedes decline. Another is that risk taking, diversity of opinions, and experimentation should precede growth. We develop a metric for measuring displacement. Using multiple publicly available data sets (one including sales for top firms for 55 years and another including sales for all automobile models for 25 years), we find that our metric provides a practical way to measure the rate of mutation and confirm our theory's predictions. Our easily replicated tests show that our displacement metric can predict intermittent market growth or decline in very different contexts without the need for exogenous idiosyncratic explanations. Moreover, other alternative covariates (trends, lagged growth, new product entry, macroeconomic indicators, etc.) are unable to predict growth or decline.
Contract Bargaining with a Risk-Averse Agent
Authors: Li Sanxi , Xiao Hao , Yao Dongmin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article is the first to study a bargaining model in a moral hazard framework where the principal is risk neutral and the agent is risk averse. We show that the power of incentives increases with the agent’s bargaining power if the contracts induce a high effort. However, under reasonable assumptions about the agent’s utility function, the contracts induce a high effort less often as the agent’s bargaining power increases. As for the social welfare, we are surprised to find that a utilitarian, who cares about the sum of the two parties’ certainty equivalents, is worse off as the agent’s bargaining power increases. These results are in sharp contrast to the literature, which features risk-neutral agents protected by limited liability.
Academia or the Private Sector? Sorting of Agents into Institutions and an Outside Sector
Authors: Craig Andrea , Vierø Marie-Louise 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article develops an equilibrium sorting model with utility maximizing agents (researchers) on one side of the market, and on the other side institutions (universities) and an outside sector. Researchers are assumed to care about peer effects, their relative status within universities, and salary compensation. They differ in their concern for salary compensation as well as in their ability. We derive the unique stable equilibrium allocation of researchers and investigate the effects on the academic sector of changes in the outside option as well as the interaction between the outside option and the researchers’ concern for relative status. In any equilibrium, the right-hand side of the ability distribution is allocated to the academic sector, while the left-hand side of the ability distribution is allocated to the outside sector, with possible overlap between sectors and within the academic sector. The universities’ qualities are determined endogenously, and we show that an increase in the value of the outside option decreases the difference in quality between the higher and lower ranked universities. Furthermore, differences in average salaries between the institutions arise endogenously.