bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation on body weight, body composition, and muscle function during alternate-day fasting (ADF)
Authors: Alblaji M. , Gray S.R , Almesbehi T. , Miller H. , Gonzalo A. , Malkova D. 
Published: July 2024

During weight loss the loss of body mass is associated not only with body fat reduction but also with a decrease in fat-free mass (FFM), related to the reduction in muscle mass and function(1). Supplementation with long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA), in the absence of caloric restriction, results in a significant decrease in fat mass and an increase in FFM(2) along with improvements in muscle mass and strength(3). However, the impact of supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA during weight loss) remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation, in the form of Krill oil (KO), during alternate day fasting (ADF) on body weight, fat mass loss, FFM and muscle function changes in healthy overweight and obese adults.A total of 41 men and women (age: 39.35 ± 10.4 years, BMI: 31.05 ± 4.2 kg/m2) completed the study (NCT06001632), in which they were randomised into either a KO or Placebo (PL) groups. Both groups carried out 8-weeks of ADF combined with intake of 4 g/day of the corresponding supplements. ADF involved consuming no more than 500 calories on the 'fast day’ and consuming food ad libitum on each 'feed day’. Data on body weight and body composition (TBF-300, Tanita, Manchester, UK), handgrip strength (Handheld Hydraulic Dynamometer, Vernier Jamar; England, UK), and time to conduct 5 repetition of chair rising test were obtained pre-and post-intervention. Changes from baseline within groups were assessed using paired samples t-test. Mixed analysis of variance (Mixed-ANOVA) was used to measure 2-way interactions between time and group to identify the differences between groups. All statistical analysis were conducted using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 28.0.In both groups, body mass decreased significantly (KO:-4.7 ± 0.4kg, p<0.001; PL:-4.5 ± 0.4kg, p<0.001), along with a significant reduction in fat mass (KO:-2.4 ± 0.5kg p<0.001; PL:-2.3 ± 0.5kg p<0.001), and FFM (KO:-0.6 ± 0.2kg p<0.001; PL:-0.7 ± 0.2kg, p<0.001), with no differences between groups. In the PL group, there was a reduction in handgrip strength (-0.9 ± 0.7 kg, p<0.001), while there was no change in KO group (-0.2 ± 0.5 kg, p=0.1), with a significant difference between groups (p<0.001). In the KO group there was a significant reduction in time to conduct chair rising test (-1.8 ± 0.9s, p<0.05), with no change in the PL group (-0.3 ± 1.3s, p=0.2), with a significant difference between groups (p<0.001).Supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA (4 g/day) during 8 weeks of ADF, applied to individuals living with overweigh and obesity, does not facilitate body or fat mass loss and does not diminish the reduction in FFM. However, it attenuated the reduction in muscle function in healthy overweight and obese adults.
A qualitative study of patients’ perceptions of DASH diet apps for dietary self- management of hypertension in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnooh G. , Williams E. , Hawley M. S 
Published: July 2024

Nutrition smartphone apps have become a popular and readily accessible approach to improving dietary behaviour. Hypertension is often associated with a poor diet, and its prevalence is increasing in Saudi Arabia(1). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan has been shown to reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension(2). A previous study identified two high-quality, safe, and potentially effective smartphone apps for managing hypertension: NOOM and DASH To TEN(3). This study aimed to explore the potential of these two DASH diet self- management apps for controlling blood pressure in the Saudi Arabian context.Fifteen patients were recruited at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ten patients had hypertension, and five had prehypertension (mean age = 45). Patients were given the two apps and asked to try each for one week. Focus groups (n=4) were held at the end of the trial to understand the patient perceptions of the apps. Discussions were recorded, and the transcriptions were analysed using a thematic framework analysis(4).The following four themes emerged:1.Managing hypertension through diet was perceived as important. Most patients reported thatadhering to the DASH diet was challenging due to a lack of motivation and willpower,inadequate support from household members, and high prices for healthy food.2.The potential and current reach of dietary apps emerged as a main theme, and manycomments related to patients’ belief that dietary apps could increase their motivation and awareness about the DASH diet. Barriers to the use of apps were also identified including their difficulty of use, a preference for dietetic monitoring, and cost.3.Interactive app functionality was identified as a key theme, as evidenced by comments about a straightforward sign-up process, an extensive food database for dietary self-monitoring, feedback, goal setting, and reminders, considered essential for diet adherence.4.A preference for the NOOM app emerged. Patients perceived the NOOM app more suitable in the Saudi context. Noom was deemed to support DASH self-management because it supports weight reduction, which helps lower blood pressure. NOOM was perceived as highly interactive, offering motivational reminders, feedback, realistic dietary plans, and a comprehensive food database. Patients made several recommendations for app improvement; these included Arabic language support, automatic calculation of sodium and potassium consumption, and lower cost. Patients also expressed a desire for training in the use of the app.This qualitative analysis suggests that the NOOM app could be suitable for use with hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia. Further research is needed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of long- term use of the NOOM app with a Saudi Arabia population.
Dietary fibre intake in Kuwaiti older adults assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire
Authors: Alajmi A. , Garcia A. , Edwards C.A 
Published: July 2024

Adequate dietary fibre (25-30g/day) is essential in a healthy diet preventing several health problems (1). Age-related changes reduce gut function and increase risk of constipation. A better understanding of fibre in those over 60y is required. This study aimed to measure fibre intake in those over 60y in Kuwait using the Kuwaiti Food Frequency Questionnaire for fibre (KWFFQ-DF) and explore local food sources of fibre and laxative use.Recruitment was conducted Dec 2022 to April 2023 in Geriatric Health Services in Kuwait and geriatric units across the six main governorates in Kuwait. The study was approved by the University of Glasgow Research Ethics Committee (project No. 200220066) and the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health in Kuwait (project No 9512018)18). The validated KWFFQ-DF assessed intake of total fibre (TDF), soluble fibre (SF) and insoluble fibre and included seven food groups and 134 food items. The last two questions asked if the participant consumed supplementary fibre and if they took laxatives (type and amount). The associations between fibre intake and gender, age and governorate and between TDF and laxative use were assessed by Chi squared test (P < 0.05 considered significant).The study recruited 210 people (61 males and 149 females; 61- 96y (median 66y). BMI ranged from 18 to 68 (median 29). Mean TDF intake was 28.7 g/d (SD 6.6; 13 to 46 g/ day). Most participants (n= 186, 89%) did not use laxatives. Several foods high in fibre were frequently consumed by participants including dates, as a snack with coffee eaten 2-6 times/day at 2.2 g TDF per portion and almonds once a day as a snack with 12 g of TDF. Whole grain toast, eaten 1-2 times daily contributed 4g TDF but with eggs or cheese at breakfast so higher in fat. Other key sources were barley bread, (8g TDF), vegetable soup, 2-4 times a week (4 g/d TDF) and Tabouleh Salad, typically eaten with grilled meat or chicken at 2g/d TDF. There was no significant association between fibre intake and gender (χ2= 1.033; P < 0.597) or governorates (χ2= 14.66; P < 0.145). However, the findings identified a significant association between fibre intake and age of participants (χ2= 10.066; P < 0.039). Moreover, there was a highly significant negative association between the TDF intake and laxative use frequency (χ2= 25.63, P<0.001).In contrast to some populations, fibre intake for people in Kuwait over 60y is within dietary guidelines and laxative use is low. Foods high in fibre in Kuwaiti cuisine can be, however, associated with high calories due to the sugar and fat content and may be associated with high BMI. The consequences of this need to be explored.AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Ali Alqattan and the medical team at the Geriatric Clinic in Mubarak Hospital for their valuable assistance in facilitating the interviews with participants in this research project.
EXCEPTIONAL SIMPLE REAL LIE ALGEBRAS
$\mathfrak {f}_4$
AND
$\mathfrak {e}_6$
VIA CONTACTIFICATIONS
Authors: Nurowski Paweł 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Cartan’s PhD thesis, there is a formula defining a certain rank 8 vector distribution in dimension 15, whose algebra of authomorphism is the split real form of the simple exceptional complex Lie algebra
$\mathfrak {f}_4$
. Cartan’s formula is written in the standard Cartesian coordinates in
$\mathbb {R}^{15}$
. In the present paper, we explain how to find analogous formulae for the flat models of any bracket generating distribution
$\mathcal D$
whose symbol algebra
$\mathfrak {n}({\mathcal D})$
is constant and 2-step graded,
$\mathfrak {n}({\mathcal D})=\mathfrak {n}_{-2}\oplus \mathfrak {n}_{-1}$
.The formula is given in terms of a solution to a certain system of linear algebraic equations determined by two representations
$(\rho ,\mathfrak {n}_{-1})$
and
$(\tau ,\mathfrak {n}_{-2})$
of a Lie algebra
$\mathfrak {n}_{00}$
contained in the
$0$
th order Tanaka prolongation
$\mathfrak {n}_0$
of
$\mathfrak {n}({\mathcal D})$
.Numerous examples are provided, with particular emphasis put on the distributions with symmetries being real forms of simple exceptional Lie algebras
$\mathfrak {f}_4$
and
$\mathfrak {e}_6$
.
Learning Closed‐Form Equations for Subgrid‐Scale Closures From High‐Fidelity Data: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Jakhar Karan , Guan Yifei , Mojgani Rambod , Chattopadhyay Ashesh , Hassanzadeh Pedram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in discovering interpretable, closed‐form equations for subgrid‐scale (SGS) closures/parameterizations of complex processes in Earth systems. Here, we apply a common equation‐discovery technique with expansive libraries to learn closures from filtered direct numerical simulations of 2D turbulence and Rayleigh‐Bénard convection (RBC). Across common filters (e.g., Gaussian, box), we robustly discover closures of the same form for momentum and heat fluxes. These closures depend on nonlinear combinations of gradients of filtered variables, with constants that are independent of the fluid/flow properties and only depend on filter type/size. We show that these closures are the nonlinear gradient model (NGM), which is derivable analytically using Taylor‐series. Indeed, we suggest that with common (physics‐free) equation‐discovery algorithms, for many common systems/physics, discovered closures are consistent with the leading term of the Taylor‐series (except when cutoff filters are used). Like previous studies, we find that large‐eddy simulations with NGM closures are unstable, despite significant similarities between the true and NGM‐predicted fluxes (correlations >0.95). We identify two shortcomings as reasons for these instabilities: in 2D, NGM produces zero kinetic energy transfer between resolved and subgrid scales, lacking both diffusion and backscattering. In RBC, potential energy backscattering is poorly predicted. Moreover, we show that SGS fluxes diagnosed from data, presumed the “truth” for discovery, depend on filtering procedures and are not unique. Accordingly, to learn accurate, stable closures in future work, we propose several ideas around using physics‐informed libraries, loss functions, and metrics. These findings are relevant to closure modeling of any multi‐scale system.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation Modulates the Impacts of Bering Sea Ice Loss on North American Temperature
Authors: Gao Yizhou , Zhang Ruonan , Zuo Zhiyan , You Qinglong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cold surges have frequently attacked North America (NA) in recent decades, which has been tied to the diminished sea‐ice over the Bering Sea. However, we find that the contribution of sea‐ice loss to NA winter coldness is state‐dependent on the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase. Using observations and CAM6 model simulations, we find that the phase regulates the atmospheric response to Bering ice loss. During the negative PDO phase (PDO−), there is an apparent eastward‐propagating wave train, accompanied by a strengthened Alaskan ridge and NA cold high, resulting in a robust cold over Central NA. Meanwhile, enhanced upward‐propagating planetary waves weaken the stratospheric polar vortex over the Pacific‐NA regions. During the positive phase (PDO+), the NA temperature response to Bering ice loss is quite weak or even warm. We speculate that more NA cold extremes will appear as the PDO− continues and less as the PDO− shifts to PDO+.
Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine a combined with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for AML In first complete remission: a study from the acute leukemia working party (EBMT)
Authors: Bug Gesine , Labopin Myriam , Kulagin Alexander , Blaise Didier , Raiola Anna Maria , Vydra Jan , Sica Simona , Kwon Mi , López-Corral Lucía , Bramanti Stefania , von dem Borne Peter , Itälä-Remes Maija , Martino Massimo , Koc Yener , Brissot Eolia , Giebel Sebastian , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChoice of calcineurin inhibitor may impact the outcome of patients undergoing T-cell replete hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We retrospectively analyzed 2427 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission transplanted from a haploidentical (n = 1844) or unrelated donor (UD, n = 583) using cyclosporine A (CSA, 63%) or tacrolimus (TAC, 37%) and PT-Cy/MMF. In univariate analysis, CSA and TAC groups did not differ in 2-year leukemia-free or overall survival, cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse or non-relapse mortality. CI of severe grade III-IV acute GVHD was lower with TAC (6.6% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.02), without difference in grade II-IV acute GVHD or grade III-IV acute GVHD/severe chronic GVHD, relapse-free survival (GRFS). In multivariate analysis, TAC was associated with a lower risk of severe grade III-IV acute GVHD solely with haploidentical donors (HR 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42–0.98], p = 0.04), but not UD (HR 0.49 [95% CI, 0.2–1.21], p = 0.12). There was no significant difference for chronic GVHD. In conclusion, PT-Cy/MMF-based GVHD prophylaxis resulted in favorable OS and GRFS, irrespective of the CNI added. In haploidentical HCT, TAC seemed to prevent severe acute GVHD more effectively than CSA without impact on other outcome parameters.
Homopolymer switches mediate adaptive mutability in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer
Authors: Kayhanian Hamzeh , Cross William , van der Horst Suzanne E. M. , Barmpoutis Panagiotis , Lakatos Eszter , Caravagna Giulio , Zapata Luis , Van Hoeck Arne , Middelkamp Sjors , Litchfield Kevin , Steele Christopher , Waddingham William , Patel Dominic , Milite Salvatore , Jin Chen , Baker Ann-Marie , Alexander Daniel C. , Khan Khurum , Hochhauser Daniel , Novelli Marco , Werner Benjamin , van Boxtel Ruben , Hageman Joris H. , Buissant des Amorie Julian R. , Linares Josep , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Laclé Miangela M. , Moons Leon M. G. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Pillay Nischalan , Sottoriva Andrea , Graham Trevor A. , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Shiu Kai-Keen , Snippert Hugo J. G. , Jansen Marnix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer evolves through the stepwise erosion of coding homopolymers in target genes. Curiously, the MMR genes MutS homolog 6 (MSH6) and MutS homolog 3 (MSH3) also contain coding homopolymers, and these are frequent mutational targets in MMR-deficient cancers. The impact of incremental MMR mutations on MMR-deficient cancer evolution is unknown. Here we show that microsatellite instability modulates DNA repair by toggling hypermutable mononucleotide homopolymer runs in MSH6 and MSH3 through stochastic frameshift switching. Spontaneous mutation and reversion modulate subclonal mutation rate, mutation bias and HLA and neoantigen diversity. Patient-derived organoids corroborate these observations and show that MMR homopolymer sequences drift back into reading frame in the absence of immune selection, suggesting a fitness cost of elevated mutation rates. Combined experimental and simulation studies demonstrate that subclonal immune selection favors incremental MMR mutations. Overall, our data demonstrate that MMR-deficient colorectal cancers fuel intratumor heterogeneity by adapting subclonal mutation rate and diversity to immune selection.
Spatial distribution of metabolites in processing Ziziphi Spinosae Semen as revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Ma Donglai , Zhao Mengwei , Guo Haochuan , Wang Lili , Li Yage , Yuan Shinong , Yan Yuping , Zheng Yuguang , Gu Xian , Song Yongxing , Han Xiaowei , Sun Huigai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZiziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is the first choice for the treatment of insomnia. This research aimed to reveal the spatial distribution of identifying quality markers of ZSS and to illustrate the metabolite quality characteristics of this herbal medicine. Here, we performed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in situ to detect and image 33 metabolites in ZSS, including three saponins, six flavonoids, four alkaloids, eight fatty acids, and 12 amino acids. The MALDI images of the metabolites clearly showed the heterogeneous spatial distribution in different regions of ZSS tissues, such as the cotyledon, endosperm, and radicle. The distribution area of two saponins, six flavonoids, and three alkaloids increased significantly after the fried processing of ZSS. Based on the ion images, samples with different processing technologies were distinguished unambiguously by the pattern recognition method of orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Simultaneously, 23 major influencing components exerting higher ion intensities were identified as the potential quality markers of ZSS. Results obtained in the current research demonstrate that the processing of ZSS changes its content and distribution of the medicinal components. The analysis of MALDI-MSI provides a novel MS-based molecular imaging approach to investigate and monitor traditional medicinal plants.
Research on the characteristics of electro-hydraulic position servo system of RBF neural network under fuzzy rules
Authors: Li Jianying , Li Weidong , Du Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA radial basis function neural network PID controller under fuzzy rules (FUZZY-RBF-PID) was designed for the electro-hydraulic position servo system under the influence of uncertain factors such as load mutation, and load stiffness change. Firstly, the mathematical model of the system is established, and the frequency domain and time domain analysis of the system are carried out. Secondly, based on the analysis results, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network PID controller is designed, and fuzzy rules are innovatively used to adjust the learning rate of PID parameters in the RBF neural network learning algorithm in real time. Thirdly, the simulation results show that under the action of the FUZZY-RBF-PID controller, the unit step response of the system has high steady-state accuracy, fast response speed, and under the condition of large load stiffness, the system can recover to the steady-state value faster after being disturbed. At the same time, when the input signal is the sinusoidal signal of 10 HZ, the system under the action of the FUZZY-RBF-PID controller has no obvious phase lag phenomenon, and the tracking error is minimal. The proposed method can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the electro-hydraulic position servo system under the influence of uncertain factors.
Polymeric nanocarrier-based adjuvants to enhance a locally produced mucosal coryza vaccine in chicken
Authors: Ibrahim Hazem M. , Mohammed Gina M. , Sayed Rafik Hamed , Elshoky Hisham A. , Ahmed Marwa M. , El Sayed Marwa Fathy , Elsaady Shaimaa Abdelall 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfectious coryza (IC) is an acute upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by Avibacterium (A.) paragallinarum. This disease results in an increased culling rate in meat chicken and a marked decrease in egg production (10% to more than 40%) in laying and breeding hens. Vaccines were first used against IC and effectively controlled the disease. Nanotechnology provides an excellent way to develop a new generation of vaccines. NPs have been widely used in vaccine design as adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles and as antibacterial agents; thus, they can be used as inactivators for bacterial culture. In this research, the antibacterial effects of several nanoparticles (NPs), such as silicon dioxide with chitosan (SiO2-CS), oleoyl-chitosan (O.CS), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and iron oxide (Fe3O4), on A. paragallinarum were studied. Additionally, different A. paragallinarum vaccines were made using the same nanomaterials at a concentration of 400 µg/ml to help control infectious coryza disease in chicken. A concentration of 400 µg/ml of all the NPs tested was the best concentration for the inactivation of A. paragallinarum. Additionally, this study showed that the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with SiO2 NPs had the highest immune response, followed by the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with Fe3O4 NPs, the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with SiO2-CS NPs, and the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with O.CS NPs in comparison with the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with liquid paraffin (a commercial vaccine).