bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“This bicycle gives me a headache”, a congenital anomaly
Authors: Versteegh Hendt P , Feitz Wout FJ , van Lindert Erik J , Marcelis Carlo , de Blaauw Ivo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Backround
The combination of a presacral mass, a sacral bone deformity, and an anorectal malformation are also known as the Currarino triad or Currarino syndrome. The syndrome is associated with a very high rate of severe and intractable constipation and urinary incontinence. However, it can also result in less common complaints and symptoms. Although the syndrome is known since 1981 and the involved genes are clarified to a great extent, the diagnosis may be delayed or missed if unrecognized.

Case presentation
A 24-year old female presented with periodical headaches. She was born with an imperforate anus, absent rectum and colon, double bladder, and sacral defect. Soon after birth she underwent several surgical procedures for anorectal and bladder reconstructions. The patient now came to her pediatric urologist for urinary incontinence and mentioned severe headaches on the side, particularly when riding a bike. Finally, she solved her headache problem by stopping to ride her bicycle.
On physical examination no abnormalities were found except the ileostomy that was present ever since soon after birth and her urinary incontinence. Blood tests showed no abnormalities. Additional MRI showed a large and previously not known anterior meningocele at the level of the sacrum. Surgical treatment consisted of closure of the dura by posterior approach.

Conclusion
In this case report we describe the late discovery with an atypical presentation of an anterior meningocele in a young adult with urinary incontinence, a sacral defect, an anorectal malformation and headaches during bicycle riding. After surgical treatment of our patient the meningocele regressed. Three months after successful surgery she had no complaints and was able to ride a bike again.
Hafnium isotope analysis of mixed standard solutions by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: an evaluation of isobaric interference corrections
Authors: Choi Min Seok , Cheong Chang-Sik , Kim Jeongmin , Shin Hyung Seon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The Lu-Hf isotope system is widely used to decipher the crustal evolution and mantle differentiation of the Earth. The most critical point in obtaining accurate Hf isotope data is to correct the isobaric interferences of Yb and Lu imposed on the 176Hf peak. In this study, we tested the validity of within-run correction protocol using MC-ICP-MS analysis of Hf standard solutions doped with Yb and Lu.

Findings
We found that the use of carefully selected Yb isotopic composition in the literature resulted in more reliable 176Hf/177Hf ratio. The 176Hf/177Hf ratios analyzed for a series of mixed Hf+Yb+Lu standard solutions could be quite accurately corrected for the mass bias and isobaric interferences. The systematic decreasing trend in the corrected 176Hf/177Hf ratios with increasing Yb/Hf ratios, however, indicates that the mass bias effect cannot be completely removed by the exponential law for samples high in Yb.

Conclusions
A close correlation of the calculated 176Yb/177Hf and 176Lu/177Hf ratios with the gravimetric values sheds light on the direct determination of inter-elemental isotope ratios without chemical purification.
Measurement of ice thickness on vitreous ice embedded cryo-EM grids: investigation of optimizing condition for visualizing macromolecules
Authors: Cho Hye-Jin , Hyun Jae-Kyung , Kim Jin-Gyu , Jeong Hyeong Seop , Park Hyo Nam , You Dong-Ju , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Cryo-electron microscopy is an excellent method for the structural analysis of biological materials. Advantage of its use over conventional electron microscopy techniques is the preservation of the sample in a near-native, hydrated state. To achieve the analysis with greatly improved structural details, optimization of various parameters involved in sample vitrification is required. Most considerable parameter is the thickness of ice: thick and thin layers are ideally in favor for larger and smaller target objects.

Findings
We measured the thickness of vitreous ice from different types of widely used holey carbon grids using cryo-EM and electron energy loss spectroscopy. It showed that Quantifoil grids are suitable for the structural analysis of large biological macromolecules (>100 nm in size), whereas the use of lacey and C-flat grids are ideal for smaller particles.

Conclusions
This report provides informative details that may help increasing chances of obtaining optimal vitreous ice for various biological objects with different sizes, hence facilitate the successful application of cryo-electron microscopy.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and subcortical axonal damage in 5,542 clinical samples
Authors: Skillbäck Tobias , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Mattsson Niklas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The neuronal loss in Alzheimer disease (AD) has been described to affect grey matter in the cerebral cortex. However, in the elderly, AD pathology is likely to occur together with subcortical axonal degeneration on the basis of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that biomarkers for AD and subcortical axonal degeneration would correlate in patients undergoing testing for dementia biomarkers, particularly in older age groups.

Methods
We performed correlation and cluster analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data from 5,542 CSF samples analyzed in our routine clinical neurochemistry laboratory in 2010 through 2012 for the established CSF AD biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated-tau (P-tau), amyloid β1-42 (Aβ42), and for neurofilament light (NFL), which is a protein expressed in large-caliber myelinated axons, the CSF levels of which correlate with subcortical axonal injury.

Results
Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau correlated with NFL. By cluster analysis, we found a bimodal data distribution in which a group with a low Aβ42/P-tau ratio (suggesting AD pathology) had high levels of NFL. High levels of NFL also correlated with the presence of an AD biomarker pattern defined by Aβ42/P-tau and T-tau. Only 29% of those with an AD biomarker signature had normal NFL levels. Age was a possible confounding factor for the associations between NFL and established AD biomarkers, but in a logistic regression analysis, both age and NFL independently predicted the AD biomarker pattern.

Conclusions
The association between an AD-like signature using the established biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau with increased levels of NFL provides in vivo evidence of an association between AD and subcortical axonal degeneration in this uniquely large dataset of CSF samples tested for dementia biomarkers.
‘Safety by DEFAULT’: introduction and impact of a paediatric ward round checklist
Authors: Sharma Sanjiv , Peters Mark J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Poor communication is a source of risk. This can be particularly significant in areas of high clinical acuity such as intensive care. Ward rounds are points where large amounts of information must be communicated in a time-limited environment with many competing interests. This has the potential to reduce effective communication and risk patient safety. Checklists have been used in many industries to improve communication and mitigate risk. We describe the introduction of a ward round safety checklist ‘DEFAULT’ on a paediatric intensive care unit.

Methods
A non-blinded, pre- and post-intervention observational study was undertaken in a 12-bedded Level 3 tertiary PICU between July 2009 and December 2011.

Results
Ward round stakeholders subjectively liked the checklist and felt it improved communication. Introduction of the ward round checklist was associated with an increase in median days between accidental extubations from 14 (range 2 to 86) to 150 (56 to 365) (Mann–Whitney P <0.0001). The ward round checklist was also associated with an increase in the proportion of invasively ventilated patients with target tidal volumes of <8 ml/kg, which increased from 35 of 71 patients at 08.00 representing a proportion of 0.49 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.60) to 23 of 38 (0.61, 0.45 to 0.74). This represented a trend towards an increased proportion of cases in the target range (z = 1.68, P = 0.09).

Conclusions
The introduction of a ward round safety checklist was associated with improved communication and patient safety.
Human amniotic epithelial cells can differentiate into granulosa cells and restore folliculogenesis in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Wang Li , Yao Xiaofen , Lai Dongmei , Guo Lihe 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Ovarian dysfunction frequently occurs in female cancer patients after chemotherapy, but human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) that can differentiate into cell types that arise from all three germ layers may offer promise for restoration of such dysfunction. Previous studies confirmed that hAECs could differentiate into cells that express germ cell-specific markers, but at this time hAECs have not been shown to restore ovarian function.

Methods
To model premature ovarian failure, hAECs infected with lenti-virus carrying green fluorescent protein were injected into the tail vein of mice sterilized with cyclophosphamide and busulphan. hAECs migrated to the mouse ovaries and overall ovarian function was measured using immunohistochemical techniques.

Results
Seven days to two months after hAECs transplantation, ovarian cells were morphologically restored in sterilized mice. Hemotoxylin and eosin staining revealed that restored ovarian cells developed follicles at all stages. No follicles were observed in control mice at the same time period. Immunostaining with anti-human antigen antibodies and pre-transplantation labeling with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that the grafted hAECs survived and migrated to mouse ovary, differentiating into granulosa cells. Furthermore, the ovarian function marker, anti-Müllerian hormone, was evident in treated mouse ovaries after hAEC transplantation.

Conclusions
Intravenously injected hAECs reached the ovaries of chemotherapy-treated mice and restored folliculogenesis, data which suggest promise for hAECs for promoting reproductive health and improving the quality of life for female cancer survivors.
Evaluation of Dialkylaminofluorene-Based Hemicyanine Dyes for Second Harmonic Generation Imaging by the Direct Comparison Approach
Authors: Nuriya Mutsuo , Momotake Atsuya , Kimura Yuta , Yasui Masato , Kasai Haruo , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A simple direct comparison approach for evaluation of new dyes demonstrated that two hemicyanine-type compounds 1 and 2 could be promising reagents for second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging.
Cole’s from Newcastle
Authors: Franklin Alex 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cheryl Cole – ex-judge of UK TV’s The X Factor (Freemantle Media Ltd, 2004-present), ex-WAG of Chelsea and England footballer Ashley Cole, celebrated Geordie, sometime singer, fulltime ‘style icon’ and possessor of aspirational hair – represents a prime example of a hegemonic performance of femininity that is being normalized and presented as desirable by the mass media in the United Kingdom and beyond. This article examines the ambivalent relationship between class, power, regional identity and beauty that is Cole embodies.
Control Strategies for Smoothing of Output Power of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Pratap Alok , Urasaki Naomitsu , Senju Tomonobu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article presents a control method for output power smoothing of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) using the inertia of wind turbine and the pitch control. The WECS used in this article adopts an AC–DC–AC converter system. The generator-side converter controls the torque of the PMSG, while the grid-side inverter controls the DC-link and grid voltages. For the generator-side converter, the torque command is determined by using the fuzzy logic. The inputs of the fuzzy logic are the operating point of the rotational speed of the PMSG and the difference between the wind turbine torque and the generator torque. By means of the proposed method, the generator torque is smoothed, and the kinetic energy stored by the inertia of the wind turbine can be utilized to smooth the output power fluctuations of the PMSG. In addition, the wind turbines shaft stress is mitigated compared to a conventional maximum power point tracking control. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical simulations.
Optimal Dispatch of Competitive Power Markets by Using PowerWorld Simulator
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Shuhui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The transition to competitive and retail markets for electric utilities around the world has been a difficult and controversial process. One of the difficulties that hindered the development and growth of competitive power markets is the absence of efficient computational tools to assist the design, analysis, and operation of competitive power markets. PowerWorld simulator is a software package that has strong analytical and visualization functions suitable for extensive power flow study of an electric power system. However, like many other power flow simulators, PowerWorld cannot be used directly for analysis and evaluation of a competitive power market. This article investigates mathematical models associated with a competitive power market and how these models can be converted and transformed in such a way that makes it possible to use PowerWorld for the competitive power market study. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, models of several small-scale competitive power markets are built in MatLab by using conventional approaches. Results generated by both PowerWorld and MatLab are compared. Finally, the article demonstrates how the PowerWorld simulator is used to investigate a larger and practical competitive power system.
Calcium-dependent mechanisms mediate the vasorelaxant effects of Tridax procumbens (Lin) aqueous leaf extract in rat aortic ring
Authors: Salahdeen Hussein M. , Idowu Gbolahan O. , Yemitan Omoniyi K. , Murtala Babatunde A. , Alada Abdul-Rasak A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background:
Tridax procumbens leaf extract has a folk reputation as an antihypertensive agent in Nigeria. Evidence suggests that it has a relaxant effect on smooth muscles. The present study was designed to investigate the role of calcium in the vasorelaxant effect of this extract.

Methods: Concentration-response studies with noradrenaline (NA), KCl and CaCl2 were carried out in rat aortic rings with and without the extract in physiological salt solution (PSS) (n=6 each). Also, the role of intracellular calcium mobilization was studied by measuring the phasic response to NA in Ca2+-free N,N-ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) PSS (n=6).

Results: The results showed that the contractile responses to either NA or KCl were attenuated (p<0.05) in the presence of the extract. Also, the extract attenuated the contractile response to CaCl2 in the presence of NA or KCl (p<0.05) in the Ca2+-free EGTA PSS, while the phasic response to NA was significantly (p<0.05) diminished.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of T. procumbens leaf extract may be mediated by a non-specific, non-competitive inhibition of Ca2+ influx as well as by inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. This implies that it may contain vasorelaxant agents that may have calcium antagonistic potential.
A Unique Indexing Technique for Discourse Structures
Authors: Subalalitha Chinnaudayar Navaneethakrishnan , Ranjani Parthasarathi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSutra is a form of text representation that has been used in both Tamil and Sanskrit literature to convey information in a short and crisp manner. Nanool, an ancient Tamil grammar masterpiece has used sutras for defining grammar rules. Similarly, in Sanskrit literature, many of the Shāstrās have used sutras for a concise representation of their content. Sutras are defined as short aphorisms, formulae-like structures that convey the complete essence of the text. They act as indices to the elaborate content they refer to. Inspired by their characteristics, this article proposes an indexing mechanism based on sutras for discourse structures built using rhetorical structure theory (RST) and also using Sangati, a concept proposed in Sanskrit literature. The indices identified by the indexer are ideal for question answering (QA), summary generation, and information retrieval (IR) systems. The indexer has been tested on IR system using 1000 Tamil language text documents. A performance comparison has also been made with one of the existing RST-based indexing technique.
MAPfastR: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Outbred Line Crosses
Authors: Nelson Ronald M , Nettelblad Carl , Pettersson Mats E , Shen Xia , Crooks Lucy , Besnier Francois , Álvarez-Castro José M , Rönnegård Lars , Ek Weronica , Sheng Zheya , Kierczak Marcin , Holmgren Sverker , Carlborg Örjan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMAPfastR is a software package developed to analyze quantitative trait loci data from inbred and outbred line-crosses. The package includes a number of modules for fast and accurate quantitative trait loci analyses. It has been developed in the R language for fast and comprehensive analyses of large datasets. MAPfastR is freely available at: http://www.computationalgenetics.se/?page_id=7
Emission of Precipitation Deposited PbS Quantum Dots on Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Ullrich Bruno , Markelonis Andrew R. , Wang Joanna S. , Brown Gail J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCentrifuge enforced precipitation was used to disperse PbS quantum dots (diameter 4.7 nm) on polyethylene terephthalate. By employing double frequency Fourier transform spectroscopy, we studied the emission properties of the sample. Gaussian shaped emission spectra from cryogenic temperatures up to room temperatures were observed, demonstrating the potential of PbS quantum dots to be used as light emitters in combination with organic matrices. One interesting feature is that the linewidth of the emission spectrum does not follow the expected thermal broadening.
In Vitro Evaluation of Midwest Caries ID: A Novel Light-emitting Diode for Caries Detection
Authors: Patel SA , Shepard WD , Barros JA , Streckfus CF , Quock RL 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIntroductionTraditional detection techniques have limits in diagnosing occlusal caries. Thus, more accurate methods are needed. This study evaluates the ability of the Midwest Caries ID (Midwest) to detect caries.MethodsTwo hundred sixty-four extracted, nonrestored premolars and molars were cleaned and stored in 0.2% sodium azide. Teeth were divided into three groups of 88. One examination site on each occlusal surface was chosen. Each site was inspected by a calibrated examiner via visual, Midwest, and histologic exams. First, a visual exam was performed following the International Caries Detection and Assessment guidelines. Next, the same site was inspected using the Midwest device. Finally, the tooth was sectioned mesiodistally through the site. The half with greater caries progression was visualized under a stereomicroscope (64×). Histologic appearance was scored based on the Downer system. Data were analyzed using Kendall tau-b, partial correlation coefficients, and the receiver operating characteristics curve.ResultsOverall, the Midwest scoring assessment correlated with histologic assessments (tau = 0.32; p&lt;0.0001), but the visual exam had a stronger correlation (tau = 0.53; p&lt;0.0001) with the histologic exam. The sensitivity and specificity of the Midwest was also reported at 0.56 and 0.84, compared with 0.92 and 0.43, respectively, for the visual exam.ConclusionsMidwest Caries ID is a novel caries detection device that has limitations and should not be used as the sole means to detect occlusal caries.
Nonparametric instrumental variables for identification of block-oriented systems
Authors: Mzyk Grzegorz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A combined, parametric-nonparametric identification algorithm for a special case of NARMAX systems is proposed. The parameters of individual blocks are aggregated in one matrix (including mixed products of parameters). The matrix is estimated by an instrumental variables technique with the instruments generated by a nonparametric kernel method. Finally, the result is decomposed to obtain parameters of the system elements. The consistency of the proposed estimate is proved and the rate of convergence is analyzed. Also, the form of optimal instrumental variables is established and the method of their approximate generation is proposed. The idea of nonparametric generation of instrumental variables guarantees that the I.V. estimate is well defined, improves the behaviour of the least-squares method and allows reducing the estimation error. The method is simple in implementation and robust to the correlated noise.
On a matching distance between rooted phylogenetic trees
Authors: Bogdanowicz Damian , Giaro Krzysztof 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance is the most popular method of evaluating the dissimilarity between phylogenetic trees. In this paper, we define and explore in detail properties of the Matching Cluster (MC) distance, which can be regarded as a refinement of the RF metric for rooted trees. Similarly to RF, MC operates on clusters of compared trees, but the distance evaluation is more complex. Using the graph theoretic approach based on a minimum-weight perfect matching in bipartite graphs, the values of similarity between clusters are transformed to the final MC-score of the dissimilarity of trees. The analyzed properties give insight into the structure of the metric space generated by MC, its relations with the Matching Split (MS) distance of unrooted trees and asymptotic behavior of the expected distance between binary n-leaf trees selected uniformly in both MC and MS (Θ(n3/2)).
Research Papers: Music-Induced Vibrations in a Concert Hall and a Church
Authors: Merchel Sebastian , Altinsoy Mehmet Ercan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Sound and vibrations are often perceived via the auditory and tactile senses simultaneously, e.g., in a car or train. During a rock concert, the body vibrates with the rhythm of the music. Even in a concert hall or a church, sound can excite vibrations in the ground or seats. These vibrations might not be perceived separately because they integrate with the other sensory modalities into one multi-modal perception.
This paper discusses the relation between sound and vibration for frequencies up to 1 kHz in an opera house and a church. Therefore, the transfer function between sound pressure and acceleration was measured at different exemplary listening positions. A dodecahedron loudspeaker on the stage was used as a sound source. Accelerometers on the ground, seat and arm rest measured the resulting vibrations. It was found that vibrations were excited over a broad frequency range via airborne sound. The transfer function was measured using various sound pressure levels. Thereby, no dependence on level was found. The acceleration level at the seat corresponds approximately to the sound pressure level and is independent of the receiver position. Stronger differences were measured for vibrations on the ground.