bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Dimensional High‐Entropy Materials for Energy Conversion Reactions: Current State and Future Trends
Authors: Dong Yilin , Zhang Lihua , Wu Tong , Zhan Yinbo , Zhou Bowei , Wei Fei , Zhang Dongliang , Long Xia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe high‐entropy materials (HEMs), composed of five or more elements, have attracted significant attention in electrocatalysis due to their unique physicochemical properties arising from the existence of multi‐elements compositions. Beyond chemical composition, microstructure significantly influences the catalytic performance and even the catalytic mechanism towards energy conversion reactions. Given the rapid proliferation of research on HEMs and the critical roles of microstructure in their catalytic performance, a timely and comprehensive review of recent advancements is imperative. This review meticulously examines the synthesis methods and physicochemical characteristics of HEMs with distinct one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) morphologies. By highlighting representative examples from the past five years, we elucidate the unique properties of HEMs with 1D, 2D, and 3D microstructures, detailing their intricate influence on electrocatalytic performance, aiming to spur further advancements in this promising research area.
Recovery of metabolites via subnivean photosynthesis in Arctic tundra plants: Implications for climate change
Authors: Wright‐Osment Nicholas , Staudhammer Christina Lynn , Oberbauer Steve , Mortazavi Behzad , Starr Gregory 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlants have evolved numerous strategies for surviving the harsh conditions of the Arctic. One strategy for Arctic evergreen and semi‐evergreen species is to photosynthesize beneath the snow during spring. However, the prevalence of this photosynthesis and how recent photosynthates are used is still unknown. Here we ask, how is newly acquired carbon beneath the snow allocated? To answer this question, we delivered isotopically labeled 13CO2 to tussock tundra plants before snowmelt. Soluble sugars and starches were preferentially enriched with 13C in all five species tested, with lipids having comparatively low 13C enrichment. These results provide evidence of the recovery of metabolites used over the long winter. Additionally, these new soluble sugars may function in photoprotection and cold tolerance as plants release from snow cover. Climate change, by reducing the duration of subnivean photosynthesis of these species, will limit metabolite production before snowmelt, which may lead to a reduction in the ability of these species to compete effectively during the growing season, potentially leading to changes in community structure.
Stream size‐dependent effect of urban land use on occupancy of an apex freshwater carnivore recolonizing past ranges
Authors: Marcelli Manlio , Luzzi Giuseppe , Fusillo Romina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate assessment of population trends and factors that limit distributions of threatened species is key to conserving biodiversity. A reduction in impacts of human land use on species habitats may be one of the factors involved in the recolonization of former ranges by native species. The signature of this process could be detected as a temporal reduction of land use effects on species distributions, or as a spatial reduction, with effects persisting only in habitats more sensitive to anthropogenic stressors. We explored these hypotheses in a recolonizing semiaquatic carnivore. Our species of interest was the Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra) in Italy, a nationally vulnerable species with a restricted but expanding range. Human land use is likely to strongly affect riparian and stream communities through habitat degradation. We used three independent survey datasets collected in 2003, 2009, and 2019 at the southern range periphery, and unpaired‐site occupancy models to account for imperfect detection in otter surveys. To assess how land use affects recolonization by otters, we tested three main model predictions: (1) occupancy increased over years, (2) effects of agricultural and urban land cover on occupancy decreased over years, (3) effects of agricultural and urban land cover were constant across years and changed with stream size and elevation. We found evidence that otter occupancy increased over years, with predicted mean occupancy of 0.27 in 2003 and 0.65 in 2019. An interaction effect of urban land cover with stream size was the strongest predictor of otter occupancy. Interestingly, a higher percentage of urban land cover around streams was predicted to reduce the probability of occupancy at smaller streams, but did not influence occupancy at larger streams. Despite a large increase in occupancy, otters at the southern periphery of the Italian range are still unable to colonize small rivers in urbanized areas. This pattern supports our hypothesis that human land use can affect recolonizing species at sensitive habitats, considering the intrinsic vulnerability of small stream ecosystems to anthropogenic stressors. Restoring small streams impacted by urban areas can be a valuable conservation action to increase habitat connectivity and favor recolonization of otters.
Heterospecific visual cues and trophic facilitation processes used by a solitary bone‐eating vulture
Authors: Oliva‐Vidal Pilar , Villalba Daniel , Colomer Mª. Àngels , Margalida Antoni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the influence of public information sharing on foraging strategies is of growing interest, empirical studies exploring intraguild social information use and facilitation roles between individuals with different trophic specializations remain scarce. Heterospecific facilitation should be more common in specialist foragers, for example, the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus, a solitary bone‐eating scavenger. We monitored 133 carcasses of different types/sizes in open and shrubland landscapes in the Spanish Pyrenees to explore bearded vulture foraging in relation to social information transfer and adaptive trophic behavior. We hypothesized that they might (1) feed on carcasses after initial heterospecific exploitation; (2) use heterospecifics to locate and/or exploit carcasses; and (3) prefer old carcasses over fresh ones. We recorded bearded vultures scavenging at 44 carcasses; 95.5% had been previously exploited by heterospecifics (93.2% by griffon vultures Gyps fulvus and 2.3% by golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos) while only two small‐sized carcasses were scavenged without previous heterospecific exploitation. Bearded vultures were not observed scavenging at carcasses used only by mammals. Both griffon and bearded vultures took longer to find carcasses in shrublands than in open landscapes. However, bearded vulture arrival times between landscapes after carcass discovery by griffon vultures were similar. Bearded vultures were more likely to discover a carcass the greater the number of griffon vultures exploiting it. Only 10.4% bearded vulture scavenging events occurred after the third week following heterospecific exploitation, suggesting that recently opened carcasses were preferred. Clearly, heterospecifics play an essential role in bearded vultures foraging success, and griffon vultures are fundamental facilitators for specialist foragers, both in providing visual cues to food location and in opening up carcasses to enable access to food.
Association of baseline and longitudinal changes in insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐7 with the risk of incident heart failure: Data from the PREVEND study
Authors: Abou Kamar Sabrina , Bracun Valentina , El‐Qendouci Maissa , Bomer Nils , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Boersma Eric , Kardys Isabella , de Boer Rudolf A. , Suthahar Navin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSenescence is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐7 (IGFBP7) has been identified as an important senescence‐inducing factor. The aim of this study was to examine the value of baseline and repeat IGFBP7 measurements in predicting future HF among community‐dwelling Dutch adults from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐stage Disease (PREVEND) study.Methods and resultsIndividuals without prevalent HF who attended PREVEND visits 2 and 4 median of 5.1 years apart (25th–75th percentile, 4.9–5.2) with measurements of IGFBP7 were included. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between IGFBP7 and HF incidence. A total of 6125 participants attending visit 2 (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age 53.1 ± 12.2 years; 3151 [51.4%] men) were followed for a median of 8.4 (7.8–8.9) years, and 194 participants (3.2%) developed incident HF. Median baseline IGFBP7 concentration was 87.0 (75.1–97.3) ng/ml, and baseline IGFBP7 levels were significantly associated with risk for incident HF (HF risk factors adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD change in log‐transformed IGFBP7: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.46). Baseline IGFBP7 was also significantly associated with incident HF in individuals with N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide <125 ng/L. Among 3879 participants attending both visits 2 and 4 (mean ± SD age 57.5 ± 11.3 years; 1952 [50.3%] men), 93 individuals developed HF (after visit 4) during a median follow‐up of 3.2 (2.8–3.9) years. Median increase in IGFBP7 concentration between visits was 0.68 (−7.09 to 8.36) ng/ml, and changes in IGFBP7 levels were significantly associated with risk for incident HF (HF risk factors adjusted HR per 1 SD change in log‐transformed IGFBP7: 1.68, 95% CI 1.19–2.36).ConclusionsBoth baseline as well as repeat IGFBP7 measurements provide information about the risk of developing HF.
Gut‐on‐chip with integrated sensors: Enables in‐situ monitoring and real‐time evaluation of the chip
Authors: Li Yan , Xiang Zhiyuan , Yuan Zihong , Zhang Huaping , Shi Aliu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of organ‐on‐chip (OOC) technology has been propelled by advancements in micro‐nanofabrication processes and cell culture technologies. Researchers envision OOCs as models capable of simulating the functionality and structure of specific organs, aiming to develop microenvironmental models that encapsulate key physiological parameters. The gut has long been one of the most important organs in the human body, crucial for ensuring the digestion and absorption of nutrients and maintaining interconnected functions with other organs. Consequently, the development of gut‐on‐chip (GOC) has garnered significant attention. Integrating sensors into GOCs capable of monitoring relevant physical and chemical parameters within the chip is imperative for evaluating the functionality of the internal environment. This review summarizes and outlines integrated sensor technologies for GOCs, introduces manufacturing processes for OOCs, reviews relevant technologies for integrating microsensors with OOCs, and examines works combining sensors and GOCs to monitor simulated physiological parameters such as trans‐epithelial resistance, oxygen levels, and other parameters. Additionally, attention is given to relevant technologies from other OOCs that could be applicable for monitoring in GOCs, providing insights for GOC detection technologies.
Conversion of Isoxazoles to Functionalized Pyrrole and Isoquinoline Derivatives via ROCC Mechanism
Authors: Raghavulu Karri , Shanker Varukolu , Gudipati Ramakrishna , Basavaiah Keloth , Doddipalla Raju , Yadav Mahipal , Yennam Satyanarayana , Behera Manoranjan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a new method for the synthesis of functionalized pyrrole and isoquinoline derivatives using isoxazole based precursors. The reaction proceeds through the ring opening and ring closing cascade mechanism (ROCC) to afford pyrrole or isoquinoline derivatives in good to excellent yields under very mild experimental conditions. Product outcome relies on the strategic placement of different substituents on the isoxazole moiety. The present method is also applicable to synthesize functionalized isoquinolone derivatives.
Electronic structure of the strongly correlated electron system plutonium hexaboride: A study from single‐particle approximations and many‐body calculations
Authors: Li Ru‐song , Qu Xin , Wang Jin‐tao , Wang Fei , Xie Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe electronic structure of the strongly correlated electron system plutonium hexaboride is studied by using single‐particle approximations and a many‐body approach. Imaginary components of impurity Green's functions show that 5fj=5/2 and 5fj=7/2 manifolds are in conducting and insulating regimes, respectively. Quasi‐particle weights and their ratio suggest that the intermediate coupling mechanism is applicable for Pu 5f electrons, and PuB6 might be in the orbital‐selective localized state. The weighted summation of occupation probabilities yields the interconfiguration fluctuation and average occupation number of 5f electrons n5f ~ 5.101. The interplay of 5f–5f correlation, spin‐orbit coupling, Hund's exchange interaction, many‐body transition of 5f configurations, and final state effects might be responsible for the quasiparticle multiplets in electronic spectrum functions. Prominent characters in the density of state, such as the coexistence of atomic multiplet peaks in the vicinity of the Fermi level and broad Hubbard bands in the high‐lying regime, suggest that PuB6 could be identified as a Racah material. Finally, the quasiparticle band structure is also presented.
Theoretical study on the carbon nanomaterial‐supported Pt complex electrocatalysts for efficient and selective chlorine evolution reaction
Authors: Hossen Jewel , Nakatani Naoki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChlorine is an important chemical which has long been produced in chlor‐alkali process using dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). However, some serious drawbacks of DSA inspire the development of alternative anodes for chlorine evolution reaction (CER). In this study, we focused on the graphene‐ and carbon nanotube‐supported platinum tetra‐phenyl porphyrins as electrocatalysts for CER, which have been theoretically investigated based on density functional theory. Our results reveal that the supported substrates possess potential CER electrocatalytic activity with very low thermodynamic overpotentials (0.012–0.028 V) via Cl* pathway instead of ClO*. The electronic structures analyses showed that electron transfer from the support to the adsorbed chlorine via the Pt center leads to strong Pt–Cl interactions. Furthermore, the supported electrocatalysts exhibited excellent selectivity toward CER because of high overpotentials and reaction barriers of oxygen evolution process. Therefore, our results may pave the way for designing CER electrocatalyst utilizing emerging carbon nanomaterials.
Association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and myosteatosis measured by computed tomography
Authors: Kim Myung Jin , Cho Yun Kyung , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Min Jung , Lee Woo Je , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Jung Chang Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2023, the concept of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was introduced as an alternative to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to assess the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle using each of these diagnostic classifications.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 18 154 participants (11 551 [63.6%] men and 6603 [36.4%] women, mean age 53.0 ± 8.8). The participants were classified into four categories: neither steatotic liver disease (SLD), NAFLD only, MASLD only or both SLDs. An appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index of <0.789 for men and <0.512 for women was defined as sarcopenia. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) at the L3 vertebral level was segmented into normal‐attenuation muscle area (NAMA), low‐attenuation muscle area and intermuscular/intramuscular adipose tissue. Myosteatosis was defined by a T‐score < −1.0 of the NAMA/TAMA index, which was calculated by dividing the NAMA by the TAMA and multiplying by 100.ResultsUsing subjects with neither SLD as a reference, the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for sarcopenia were significantly increased in those with MASLD, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.62 (1.94–3.54) in the MASLD‐only group and 2.33 (1.92–2.82) in the both SLDs group, while the association was insignificant in those with NAFLD only (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.16 [0.67–6.94]). The OR for myosteatosis was also elevated in the MASLD groups, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.75 (1.52–2.02) in subjects with MASLD only and 1.70 (1.57–1.84) in those with both SLDs, while it was slightly decreased in subjects with NAFLD only (0.52 [0.29–0.95]).ConclusionsEmploying the MASLD concept rather than that of the NAFLD proved to be more effective in distinguishing individuals with reduced muscle mass and compromised muscle quality.
(Mis)alignments between postdoctoral and supervisors' perceptions of mentorship competencies in engineering and computer science
Authors: Bahnson Matthew , Ross Monique , Berdanier Catherine G. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostdoctoral training holds an increasingly important place in preparation for leading academic and research positions. While little empirical research has described postdoctoral training beyond the sciences, across all fields, “misaligned expectations” are often touted as a key source of postdoctoral strife.Purpose/HypothesisThis article describes mentorship competency beliefs within engineering and computer science fields, which increasingly engage in postdoctoral training.Design/MethodAn embedded mixed‐methods design was used to quantitatively identify mentorship profiles from survey data using latent profile analysis (LPA) from a sample of n = 118 postdoctoral scholars and n = 165 postdoctoral supervisors. Qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with n = 29 postdoctoral scholars and n = 20 postdoctoral supervisors was used to identify meaning in the differences between quantitative profiles. The combination of LPA with thematic analysis enabled the triangulation of distinct postdoctoral mentorship profile definitions.ResultsLPA identified six postdoctoral fellow profiles and four supervisor profiles, which became clearly definable through thematic analysis. Postdoc profiles included Technical Manager, Autonomy Focused Advisor, Stretched Mentor, Well‐Rounded Mentor, Exemplar Mentor, and Leader‐Mentor, while supervisor profiles included Autonomous Mentor, Reflective Mentor, Research Lab Mentor, and Confident Leader‐Mentor. Some of these are aligned, but several are not, giving insight into the phenomenon of “misaligned expectations” in postdoctoral literature.ConclusionsThe mentorship profiles illustrate the misalignment in expectations, which leads to negative mentorship experiences for many postdoctoral scholars.
No difference in stability among various knee flexion angles during fixation of anterolateral ligament reconstruction or lateral extra‐articular tenodesis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of biomechanical studies
Authors: Kolin David A. , Jones Ruth H. , Heyworth Benton E. , Jivanelli Bridget ,   SATURN Study Group, Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) or lateral extra‐articular tenodesis (LET) fixation at low versus high flexion angles during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on rotation or translational knee stability.MethodsThe inclusion criteria for this study were (1) cadaveric study, (2) cadaveric specimens underwent ACLR, (3) cadaveric specimen underwent ALLR or LET and (4) specimen preparation technique described the knee flexion angle at the time of ALLR or LET tensioning and fixation. A priori, ‘low flexion’ was defined as 0–30° and ‘high flexion’ was defined as 60–90° at graft fixation. Main outcomes of interest included internal rotation and anterior translation.ResultsData from 92 cadaveric knees (from 9 studies) were extracted and included in the meta‐analysis. The mean pooled value for internal rotation was 10.1° (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7–14.5°) for the low flexion group and 11.5° (95% CI, 7.4–15.7°) for the high flexion group (n.s.). The mean pooled value for anterior translation was 4.3 mm (95% CI, 0.5–8.1 mm) for the low flexion group and 3.0 mm (95% CI, 1.1–5.0 mm) for the high flexion group (n.s.).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis of existing biomechanical research found that the rotational and translational stability of the knee were not significantly different between scenarios in which ALLR or LET fixation was performed at low knee flexion angles (0–30°) versus high knee flexion angles (60–90°).Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Good mid‐ to long‐term outcomes after meniscus bucket‐handle tear repair: A comparative analysis with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pawelczyk Johannes , Fanourgiakis Ilias , Feil Sven , Siebold Maja , Kougioumtzis Ioannis , Siebold Rainer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate mid‐ to long‐term clinical outcomes after arthroscopic bucket‐handle meniscal tear (BHMT) repair and to assess the impact of concurrent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsA comparative retrospective case series with blinded outcome assessment was conducted. All consecutive patients treated with arthroscopic BHMT repair with or without concurrent ACLR between 2001 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Fifty‐five patients with an average follow‐up of 7.3 ± 3.4 years were included in the analysis. Outcome measures comprised post‐operative IKDC Subjective Knee Form, Lysholm Score, Tegner Activity Scale, KOOS, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for satisfaction. Additionally, failure and reoperation rates were assessed.ResultsThe failure rate was 9%. Medial BHMT repair showed superior post‐operative IKDC scores compared to lateral meniscus repair (p = 0.038). Concurrent ACLR did not demonstrate any impact on post‐operative KOOS, IKDC, Tegner or patient satisfaction. The mean IKDC score at final follow‐up across both groups was 80.4 ± 17.8. The mean Lysholm score was 86.9 ± 16.7. Mean KOOS scores were (i) symptoms: 83.6 ± 18.3, (ii) pain: 90.2 ± 14.4, (iii) activities of daily living: 93.6 ± 15.1, (iv) sports: 78.3 ± 26.0 and (v) quality of life: 70.5 ± 24.5. Mean patient satisfaction (VAS) was 7.9 ± 2.5. The mean Tegner score was 4.9 ± 1.9. A consistent positive correlation between the number of sutures used and post‐operative outcome measures was observed but did not reach statistical significance for most items.ConclusionArthroscopic BHMT repair achieved good clinical outcomes and an acceptable failure rate of 9% at a mean follow‐up of 7 years, supporting the clinical value of meniscal repair, including large BHMTs. Concurrent ACLR showed no impact on clinical outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel IV (retrospective case series).