bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, post‐traumatic symptoms, media‐induced secondary trauma, post‐traumatic growth, and resilience among mental health workers during the Israel‐Hamas war
Authors: Dahan Sagit , Bloemhof‐Bris Esther , Segev Ronen , Abramovich Marina , Levy Galit , Shelef Assaf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ongoing Israel‐Hamas war is posing additional challenges for mental health workers in an already stressful workplace. This study centres on the psychological effects of the shared traumatic reality on mental health workers, arising from the Israel‐Hamas war. One month after exposure to the terrorist attack of 7 October 2023 and the outbreak of war following this event, 147 mental health workers completed questionnaires regarding a variety of variables such as demographics, anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, media‐induced secondary trauma, personal resilience, National resilience (NR), and post‐traumatic growth (PTG). The study found that mental health workers with previous trauma displayed higher anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, and media‐induced secondary trauma. Additionally, acute stress and anxiety were positively correlated with media‐induced secondary trauma. Religiosity, personal resilience, and NR were found associated with lower anxiety and acute stress symptoms. Religiosity was also positively correlated with personal resilience, NR, and PTG. The PTG of mental health workers working with trauma survivors and evacuees was higher compared to that of other mental health workers. Both adverse and adaptive reactions were evident among mental health workers. While traumatic stress is expected, individual, professional, and NR factors may mitigate its effects. Providing training, social support, regulated media exposure, stress management, and meaning‐focused coping strategies can help safeguard workers' well‐being.
Enhancing Short‐Range Interactions to Broaden the Temperature Range for Coexistence of Antiferroelectricity and Ferroelasticity
Authors: Cai Zhuoer , Zhang Yinan , He Xiaofan , Chen Jian , Hua Xiu‐Ni , Shi Ping‐Ping , Sun Baiwang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntiferroelectric (AFE) materials, characterized by double electric hysteresis loops, can be transformed to the ferroelectric (FE) phase under an external electric field, making them promising candidates for electronic energy storage and solid‐state refrigeration. Additionally, the field‐induced strain in AFE materials is contingent upon the direction of the electric field, rendering it with a switching characteristic. Although AFE materials have made progress in the field of energy storage and negative electrocaloric effect, the coexistence of AFE and ferroelasticity is still rarely reported. Here, two isomorphic organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites, HDAEPbCl4 and HDAEPbBr4 (HDAE is [2‐(hydroxydimethylammonio)ethan‐1‐aminium]), exhibiting FE‐AFE‐PE (PE is paraelectric) phase transitions, are presented. Remarkably, the temperature range where AFE and ferroelasticity coexist is significantly broadened from 59.9 K to 115.1 K by strengthening short‐range forces via halogen substitution. This discovery extends the family of FE, AFE, and ferroelastic materials, contributing to the development of multifunctional materials and advancing multifunctional material development.
Direct Solution Deposition of Large‐Area Non‐Solvated Fullerene Single‐Crystal Films for High‐Performance n‐Type Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Sheng Qiuyue , Ke Shifeng , Wu Ruihan , He Lihua , Ren Xiaochen , Peng Boyu , Li Hanying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFullerene (C60) crystals have attracted considerable attention in the field of optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent performance as n‐type semiconductor material. However, a challenge still remains unbeaten as to the continuous crystallization of non‐solvated C60 single‐crystal films with high coverage and uniform alignment using low‐cost solution techniques. Here, a facile bar coating method is used to prepare ribbon‐shaped non‐solvated C60 crystals with a large area (up to centimeters) and high coverage (>95%) by precisely controlling the crystallization process from specific solvents. Benefiting from the non‐solvated crystalline structure, well‐distributed thickness, uniform morphological alignment, and crystallographic orientation, organic field‐effect transistors fabricated from the C60 single‐crystal films exhibit a high average electron mobility of 2.28 cm2 V−1s−1, along with the coefficient of variance (CV) as small as 13.6%. This efficient manufacturing method will lay a strong foundation for C60 single‐crystal films to fit into the future high‐performance integrated optoelectronic application.
Natural Polyphenol Delivered Methylprednisolone Achieve Targeted Enrichment for Acute Spinal Cord Injury Therapy
Authors: Yuan Taoyang , Liu Weijie , Wang Tianyou , Ye Feng , Zhang Jianhua , Gu Zhipeng , Xu Jianguo , Li Yiwen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe strong anti‐inflammatory effect of methylprednisolone (MP) is a necessary treatment for various severe cases including acute spinal cord injury (SCI). However, concerns have been raised regarding adverse effects from MP, which also severely limits its clinical application. Natural polyphenols, due to their rich phenolic hydroxyl chemical properties, can form dynamic structures without additional modification, achieving targeted enrichment and drug release at the disease lesion, making them a highly promising carrier. Considering the clinical application challenges of MP, a natural polyphenolic platform is employed for targeted and efficient delivery of MP, reducing its systemic side effects. Both in vitro and SCI models demonstrated polyphenols have multiple advantages as carriers for delivering MP: (1) Achieved maximum enrichment at the injured site in 2 h post‐administration, which met the desires of early treatment for diseases; (2) Traceless release of MP; (3) Reducing its side effects; (4) Endowed treatment system with new antioxidative properties, which is also an aspect that needs to be addressed for diseases treatment. This study highlighted a promising prospect of the robust delivery system based on natural polyphenols can successfully overcome the barrier of MP treatment, providing the possibility for its widespread clinical application.
Downscaling of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors based on High‐Mobility Semiconducting Blends for High‐Frequency Operation
Authors: Losi Tommaso , Viola Fabrizio Antonio , Sala Elda , Heeney Martin , He Qiao , Kleemann Hans , Caironi Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSmall molecule/polymer semiconductor blends are promising solutions for the development of high‐performing organic electronics. They are able to combine ease in solution processability, thanks to the tunable rheological properties of polymeric inks, with outstanding charge transport properties thanks to high crystalline phases of small molecules. However, because of charge injection issues, so far such good performances are only demonstrated in ad‐hoc device architectures, not suited for high‐frequency applications, where transistor dimensions require downscaling. Here, the successful integration of the most performing blend reported to date, based on 2,7‐dioctyl[1] benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) and poly(indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (C16IDT‐BT), in OFETs characterized by channel and overlap lengths equal to 1.3 and 1.9 µm, respectively, is demonstrated, enabling a transition frequency of 23 MHz at ‐8 V. Two key aspects allowed such result: molecular doping, leading to width‐normalized contact resistance of only 260 Ωcm, allowing to retain an apparent field‐effect mobility as high as 3 cm2/(Vs) in short channel devices, and the implementation of a high capacitance dielectric stack, enabling the reduction of operating voltages below 10 V and the overcoming of self‐heating issues. These results represent a fundamental step for the future development of low‐cost and high‐speed printed electronics for IoT applications.
Next generation sequencing: Forensic applications and policy considerations
Authors: Browne Tebah N. , Freeman Mikaelah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) or massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a high‐throughput technology that can be used to analyze DNA and RNA molecules with greater sensitivity, scalability, and speed than traditional Sanger sequencing. NGS systems are slowly gaining popularity in forensic science and may eventually become the future of forensic DNA analysis. The data generated can be utilized to conduct an array of forensic biology analyses such as short tandem repeats (STR) profiling, forensic genetic genealogy, predictive DNA phenotyping, and more. However, the adoption of NGS for forensic casework is associated with a lot of ethical, social, and legal concerns. This article provides a comprehensive review of NGS systems, data analysis, and forensic applications. It also provides policy considerations that aim to reduce harm and bias, while promoting informed consent, standardization, transparency, and accountability.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence
Forensic Biology > Ethical and Social Implications
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Formulation of propositions for forensic handwriting examinations
Authors: Bird Carolyne , Ballantyne Kaye , Jones Kylie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe forensic examiner's role is to assist the court by explaining the significance of their findings within the context of the case. In “evaluative” reporting this is achieved by considering the probability of observing the evidence given at least two competing propositions. This article outlines the requirements of propositions within an evaluative framework, common sets of propositions used in handwriting examinations and their associated basic expectations. As the forensic handwriting examiner may be asked to undertake different types of comparisons depending on the material available and the case circumstances, it is critical that examiners carefully consider the most appropriate propositions against which the findings are to be evaluated. Further, as the propositions are derived from case information, and may require assumptions to be drawn, the necessary disclosure within reports is discussed. Although the examples given are specific to handwriting examinations, the concepts discussed in this article are applicable to other forensic disciplines utilizing an evaluative approach to evidence interpretation.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Universal constraints on energy flow and SYK thermalization
Authors: Almheiri Ahmed , Milekhin Alexey , Swingle Brian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a quantum system in thermal equilibrium that is suddenly coupled to a bath at a different temperature, a situation inspired by a particular black hole evaporation protocol. We prove a universal positivity bound on the integrated rate of change of the system energy which holds perturbatively in the system-bath coupling. Applied to holographic systems, this bound implies a particular instance of the averaged null energy condition. We also study in detail the particular case of two coupled SYK models in the limit of many fermions using the Schwinger-Keldysh non-equilibrium formalism. We solve the resulting Kadanoff-Baym equations both numerically and analytically in various limits. In particular, by going to low temperature, this setup enables a detailed study of the evaporation of black holes in JT gravity.
Divisors and curves on logarithmic mapping spaces
Authors: Kennedy-Hunt Patrick , Nabijou Navid , Shafi Qaasim , Zheng Wanlong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe determine the rational class and Picard groups of the moduli space of stable logarithmic maps in genus zero, with target projective space relative a hyperplane. For the class group we exhibit an explicit basis consisting of boundary divisors. For the Picard group we exhibit a spanning set indexed by piecewise-linear functions on the tropicalisation. In both cases a complete set of boundary relations is obtained by pulling back the WDVV relations from the space of stable curves. Our proofs hinge on a controlled technique for manufacturing test curves in logarithmic mapping spaces, opening up the topology of these spaces to further study.
Utility of melatonin on brain injury, synaptic transmission, and energy metabolism in rats with sepsis
Authors: Ates Gulten , Tamer Sule , Ozkok Elif , Yorulmaz Hatice , Gundogan Gul Ipek , Aksu Abdullah , Balkis Nuray 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant hormone. Its healing effects on energy balance and neuronal damage associated with oxidative metabolism disorders have been reported in pathologic conditions. We aimed to determinate the utility of melatonin on neuronal damage, synaptic transmission, and energy balance in the brain tissue of rats with sepsis induced with LPS. Rats was divided into four groups such as control, LPS (20 mg/kg i.p.), melatonin (10 mg/kg i.p. × 3), and LPS + Melatonin (LPS + Mel). After 6 h from the first injection, rats were decapitated, and also tissue and serum samples were taken. Lipid peroxidation and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were determined from the serum in all group. High energy compounds, creatine, and creatine phosphate are measured by HPLC methods from the homogenized tissue. Counts of living neurons are marked with NeuN (neuronal nuclei), degenerated neurons are marked with S100-ß and synaptic vesicles transmission is analyzed with synaptophysin antibodies immunoreactivities. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to statistical analysis. In LPS group, AMP, ATP, creatine, and creatine phosphate levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and also ADP levels were significantly increased compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). Living neurons counts were significantly decreased in LPS (p < 0.01), melatonin, and LPS + Melatonin (p < 0.05) groups compared with control. Degenerated neurons counts were increased in LPS group compared with control (p < 0.01) and also decreased in both of melatonin and LPS + Melatonin groups (p < 0.01). Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was decreased in LPS group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). We observed that melatonin administration prevents neuronal damage, regulates energy metabolism, and protects synaptic vesicle proteins from sepsis-induced reduction.
Targeting PI3K-gamma in myeloid driven tumour immune suppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical literature
Authors: Xu Haonan , Russell Shannon Nicole , Steiner Katherine , O’Neill Eric , Jones Keaton Ian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay between immune and stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) significantly influences tumour progression. Myeloid cells, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), contribute to immune suppression in the TME (Nakamura and Smyth in Cell Mol Immunol 17(1):1–12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0306-1; DeNardo and Ruffell in Nat Rev Immunol 19(6):369–382 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0127-6). This poses a significant challenge for novel immunotherapeutics that rely on host immunity to exert their effect. This systematic review explores the preclinical evidence surrounding the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) as a strategy to reverse myeloid-driven immune suppression in solid tumours. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched on 6 October 2022 using keyword and subject heading terms to capture relevant studies. The studies, focusing on PI3Kγ inhibition in animal models, were subjected to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted data included tumour growth kinetics, survival endpoints, and immunological responses which were meta-analysed. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. A total of 36 studies covering 73 animal models were included in the review and meta-analysis. Tumour models covered breast, colorectal, lung, skin, pancreas, brain, liver, prostate, head and neck, soft tissue, gastric, and oral cancer. The predominant PI3Kγ inhibitors were IPI-549 and TG100-115, demonstrating favourable specificity for the gamma isoform. Combination therapies, often involving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, biological agents, or vaccines, were explored in 81% of studies. Analysis of tumour growth kinetics revealed a statistically significant though heterogeneous response to PI3Kγ monotherapy, whereas the tumour growth in combination treated groups were more consistently reduced. Survival analysis showed a pronounced increase in median overall survival with combination therapy. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of preclinical studies investigating PI3Kγ inhibition in myeloid-driven tumour immune suppression. The identified studies underscore the potential of PI3Kγ inhibition in reshaping the TME by modulating myeloid cell functions. The combination of PI3Kγ inhibition with other therapeutic modalities demonstrated enhanced antitumour effects, suggesting a synergistic approach to overcome immune suppression. These findings support the potential of PI3Kγ-targeted therapies, particularly in combination regimens, as a promising avenue for future clinical exploration in diverse solid tumour types.
Graphical abstract
The expression of PD-L1 on tumor-derived exosomes enhances infiltration and anti-tumor activity of αCD3 × αPD-L1 bispecific antibody-armed T cells
Authors: Cho Jaewon , Tae Nara , Song Yujeong , Kim Chae-Won , Lee Seung-Joo , Ahn Jae-Hee , Lee Kwang-Ho , Lee Byung-Hyun , Kim Byung Soo , Chang Sun-Young , Kim Dae Hee , Ko Hyun-Jeong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 × α programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) bispecific T-cell engager (BsTE)-bound T-cells (BsTE:T) are a promising new cancer treatment agent. However, the mechanisms of action of bispecific antibody-armed activated T-cells are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism and efficacy of BsTE:T. The BsTE:T migration was assessed in vivo and in vitro using syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor models, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, transwell migration assays, microfluidic chips, Exo View R100, western blotting, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology. In murine B16 melanoma, MC38 colon cancer, and human multiple myeloma cells, BsTE:T exhibited superior tumor elimination relative to that of T-cells or BsTE alone. Moreover, BsTE:T migration into tumors was significantly enhanced owing to the presence of PD-L1 in tumor cells and secretion of PD-L1-containing exosomes. Furthermore, increased infiltration of CD44highCD62Llow effector memory CD8+ T-cells into tumors was closely associated with the anti-tumor effect of BsTE:T. Therefore, BsTE:T is an innovative potential anti-tumor therapy, and exosomal PD-L1 plays a crucial role both in vitro and in vivo in the anti-tumor activity of BsTE:T.
Graphical abstract
Active facilitation of helper dispersal by parents and siblings in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker
Authors: Hagemeyer Natasha D. G. , Koenig Walter D. , Walters Eric L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Offspring that delay dispersal in cooperatively breeding species have been hypothesized to gain direct fitness benefits via parental facilitation—being passively tolerated on their natal territory by their parents—thereby enjoying enhanced survival and increased probability of acquiring a breeding position in the population. Here we describe active facilitation in the acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) by parents and siblings assisting the dispersal of helpers in their social group. Helpers in this species compete for reproductive opportunities in “power struggles” that take place when all breeders of one sex die or disappear, creating a reproductive vacancy. Individuals compete at power struggles in coalitions of relatives, in which larger coalitions are more likely to be victorious. Based on observations of banded birds, we found that an estimated 26% of individuals competing as part of a winning coalition at a power struggle returned to their home territory at its conclusion, suggesting that they were facilitating the dispersal of kin (generally parents or siblings) that stayed to become breeders on the new territory. In at least one group, sibling facilitation was reciprocated; that is, a bird that was helped at a power struggle by a sibling joined that same sibling as part of a coalition at a subsequent power struggle. Dispersal facilitation is a novel means by which parents can nepotistically enhance the direct fitness of offspring and siblings can enhance each other’s inclusive fitness in this highly social species.

Significance statement
Parental facilitation—being passively tolerated on the natal territory—may provide significant direct fitness benefits to helpers in cooperatively breeding species. We describe active facilitation of helper dispersal in the acorn woodpecker, where helpers compete in coalitions for reproductive opportunities at “power struggles” following the death or disappearance of all breeders of one sex. About one-fourth of individuals—including both parents and siblings—competing at power struggles were apparently facilitators who assisted related helpers by participating in the power struggle but then returned to their home territory rather than stay to breed on the new territory. In at least one group, dispersal facilitation was reciprocated; that is, a bird that was helped at a power struggle by a relative later joined that same relative as part of a coalition at a subsequent power struggle. Active dispersal facilitation by parents and siblings is an important, previously unrecognized, form of nepotistic behavior in this highly social species.
Attention-driven visual emphasis for medical volumetric image visualization
Authors: Li Mingjian , Jung Younhyun , Song Shaoli , Kim Jinman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect volume rendering (DVR) is a commonly utilized technique for three-dimensional visualization of volumetric medical images. A key goal of DVR is to enable users to visually emphasize regions of interest (ROIs) which may be occluded by other structures. Conventional methods for ROIs visual emphasis require extensive user involvement for the adjustment of rendering parameters to reduce the occlusion, dependent on the user’s viewing direction. Several works have been proposed to automatically preserve the view of the ROIs by eliminating the occluding structures of lower importance in a view-dependent manner. However, they require pre-segmentation labeling and manual importance assignment on the images. An alternative to ROIs segmentation is to use ‘saliency’ to identify important regions. This however lacks semantic information and thus leads to the inclusion of false positive regions. In this study, we propose an attention-driven visual emphasis method for volumetric medical image visualization. We developed a deep learning attention model, termed as focused-class attention map (F-CAM), trained with only image-wise labels for automated ROIs localization and importance estimation. Our F-CAM transfers the semantic information from the classification task for use in the localization of ROIs, with a focus on small ROIs that characterize medical images. Additionally, we propose an attention compositing module that integrates the generated attention map with transfer function within the DVR pipeline to automate the view-dependent visual emphasis of the ROIs. We demonstrate the superiority of our method compared to existing methods on a multi-modality PET-CT dataset and an MRI dataset.