bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with Contact Father Families: Insights from Therapy
Authors: Campbell Rosemary C. , Pike Lisbeth T. 
Published: July 2013

The incidence of marital and relationship breakdown, in particular where children are involved, continues to increase across Australia. For the contact father, the psychological and emotional effects of separation are often experienced concurrently with many practical matters and can raise issues such as dealing with loss, identity development and constructive role restructuring. The adjustment period can also expose an increasing need to move on in developmental terms. This paper describes the effects of relationship or marital breakdown and ongoing adjustment issues upon those contact fathers who have not initiated separation, who have physically left the family home and in doing so, have left their children behind with the mother.The paper also considers the psychological and therapeutic implications for working with this often marginalised group of clients. A working model which addresses various coping styles is presented.
Background error covariance estimation for atmospheric CO2 data assimilation
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Engelen Richard J. , Kawa Stephan R. , Sweeney Colm , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn any data assimilation framework, the background error covariance statistics play the critical role of filtering the observed information and determining the quality of the analysis. For atmospheric CO2 data assimilation, however, the background errors cannot be prescribed via traditional forecast or ensemble‐based techniques as these fail to account for the uncertainties in the carbon emissions and uptake, or for the errors associated with the CO2 transport model. We propose an approach where the differences between two modeled CO2 concentration fields, based on different but plausible CO2 flux distributions and atmospheric transport models, are used as a proxy for the statistics of the background errors. The resulting error statistics: (1) vary regionally and seasonally to better capture the uncertainty in the background CO2 field, and (2) have a positive impact on the analysis estimates by allowing observations to adjust predictions over large areas. A state‐of‐the‐art four‐dimensional variational (4D‐VAR) system developed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is used to illustrate the impact of the proposed approach for characterizing background error statistics on atmospheric CO2 concentration estimates. Observations from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite “IBUKI” (GOSAT) are assimilated into the ECMWF 4D‐VAR system along with meteorological variables, using both the new error statistics and those based on a traditional forecast‐based technique. Evaluation of the four‐dimensional CO2 fields against independent CO2 observations confirms that the performance of the data assimilation system improves substantially in the summer, when significant variability and uncertainty in the fluxes are present.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic approaches for chordoma: An immunohistochemical and functional analysis
Authors: Scheipl Susanne , Lohberger Birgit , Rinner Beate , Froehlich Elke Verena , Beham Alfred , Quehenberger Franz , Lazáry Aron , Pal Varga Peter , Haybaeck Johannes , Leithner Andreas , Liegl Bernadette 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTChordomas are rare malignancies of the axial skeleton. Therapy is mainly restricted to surgery. This study investigates histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as potential therapeutics for chordomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using the HDAC 1–6 antibodies on 50 chordoma samples (34 primary tumors, 16 recurrences) from 44 patients (27 male, 17 female). Pan‐HDAC‐inhibitors Vorinostat (SAHA), Panobinostat (LBH‐589), and Belinostat (PXD101) were tested for their efficacy in the chordoma cell line MUG‐Chor1 via Western blot, cell cycle analysis, caspase 3/7 activity (MUG‐Chor1, UCh‐1), cleaved caspase‐3, and PARP cleavage. p‐Values below 0.05 were considered significant. IHC was negative for HDAC1, positive for HDAC2 in most (n = 36; 72%), and for HDACs 3–6 in all specimens available (n = 43; 86%). HDAC6 expression was strongest. SAHA and LBH‐589, but not PXD101 caused a significant increase of G2/M phase cells and of cleaved caspase‐3 (p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0014 after 72 h, respectively), and a peak of caspase 3/7 activity. PARP cleavage confirmed apoptosis. The presented chordoma series expressed HDACs 2–6 with strongest expression of HDAC6. SAHA and LBH‐589 significantly increased apoptosis and changed cell cycle distribution in vitro. HDAC‐inhibitors should be further evaluated as therapeutic options for chordoma. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1999–2005, 2013
Physical modification of palm kernel meal improved available carbohydrate, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility in economic freshwater fish
Authors: Thongprajukaew Karun , Yawang Pinya , Dudae Lateepah , Bilanglod Husna , Dumrongrittamatt Terdtoon , Tantikitti Chutima , Kovitvadhi Uthaiwan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnavailable carbohydrates are an important limiting factor for utilization of palm kernel meal (PKM) as aquafeed ingredients. The aim of this study was to improve available carbohydrate from PKM. Different physical modifications including water soaking, microwave irradiation, gamma irradiation and electron beam, were investigated in relation to chemical composition, physicochemical properties and in vitro carbohydrate digestibility using digestive enzymes from economic freshwater fish.RESULTSModified methods had significant (P < 0.05) effects on chemical composition by decreasing crude fiber and increasing available carbohydrates. Improvements in physicochemical properties of PKM, such as water solubility, microstructure, relative crystallinity and lignocellulosic spectra, were mainly achieved by soaking and microwave irradiation. Carbohydrate digestibility varied among the physical modifications tested (P < 0.05) and three fish species had different abilities to digest PKM. Soaking was the appropriate modification for increasing carbohydrate digestion specifically in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), whereas either soaking or microwave irradiation was effective for striped snakehead (Channa striata). For walking catfish (Clarias batrachus), carbohydrate digestibility was similar among raw, soaked and microwave‐irradiated PKM.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that soaking and microwave irradiation could be practical methods for altering appropriate physicochemical properties of PKM as well as increasing carbohydrate digestibility in select economic freshwater fish. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Does the spicing step affect the quality and drying behaviour of traditional kaddid, a Tunisian cured meat?
Authors: Chabbouh Meriem , Sahli Ali , Bellagha Sihem 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of spicing on the physicochemical and microbial characteristics and drying behaviour of kaddid, a Tunisian dry‐cured meat, were studied. In addition, the quality characteristics of traditional sun‐dried kaddid and processed convective‐dried kaddid were compared.RESULTSSpicing had no significant effect on the pH and water activity of brined beef meat at 21% (w/w), but it reduced the product water and salt contents. Effects of spicing on brined meat microbial flora were the appearance of sulfito‐reducer bacteria, an increase in total mesophilic aerobic flora (+15%) and staphylococci (+26%) and a decrease in faecal coliforms (−23%). The salted beef meat sorption behaviour was affected by spicing. Besides, spicing increased the kaddid drying rate, allowing a significant decrease in the drying process time (−33%). Traditional and processed kaddid presented comparable microbial characteristics. Both drying methods led to a reduction in the number of total mesophilic aerobic flora in unspiced and spiced kaddid and of faecal coliforms in spiced kaddid.CONCLUSIONThe study showed that spicing, as a step in kaddid meat processing to enhance the final product flavour, caused changes in the salted meat physicochemical and microbial characteristics and accelerated the drying rate. Convective drying at 30 °C is recommended to produce kaddid having the same characteristics as the traditional product. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Can metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) predict survival in oral cavity cancer patients?
Authors: Sayed Suhail I. , Sharma Shilpi , Rane Pawan , Vaishampayan Sagar , Talole Sanjay , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Chaukar Devendra , Deshmukh Anuja , Agarwal Jai Prakash , D'cruz Anil K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic role of the lymph node ratio (LNR; ratio of total positive nodes to total dissected nodes) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as compared to pN staging with an aim to provide an optimal cut‐off value.Methods1,408 OSCC previously untreated patients who underwent treatment (surgery + neck dissection + adjuvant treatment). LNR sensitivity with respect to survival was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox regression method. LNR and TNM staging variables were subjected to multivariate analysis.ResultsLNR (0.088) showed significant association with survival outcomes. For patients with LNR ≤0.088, the OS, DFS, local control, regional control and distant metastasis rates were 64%, 70%, and 89%; for LNR >0.088 it was 22%, 19%, and 52%, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis LNR of 0.088 was seen to be an independent prognostic factor for 5‐year regional control (p, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 0.044, 2.016 (1.019–3.990), DFS, 0.032, 1.858 (1.054–3.276), and OS, 0.040, 1.195 (1.033–1.144). On multivariate analysis LNR categorization showed a statistically significant [0.032, 1.858, (1.054–3.276)] advantage over pN staging [0.527, 1.208 (1.054–3.276)] in predicting survival.ConclusionsLNR is a better prognostic marker than the current N staging of TNM classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:256–263. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional sinus imaging as an adjunct to two‐dimensional imaging to accelerate education and improve spatial orientation
Authors: Yao William C. , Regone Rachel M. , Huyhn Nancy , Butler E. Brian , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDevelop a novel three‐dimensional (3‐D) anatomical model to assist in improving spatial knowledge of the skull base, paranasal sinuses, and adjacent structures, and validate the utilization of 3‐D reconstruction to augment two‐dimensional (2‐D) computed tomography (CT) for the training of medical students and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsA study of 18 subjects studying sinus anatomy was conducted at a tertiary academic center during the 2011 to 2012 academic year. An image processing and 3‐D modeling program was used to create a color coded 3‐D scalable/layerable/rotatable model of key paranasal and skull base structures from a 2‐D high‐resolution sinus CT scan. Subjects received instruction of the sinus anatomy in two sessions, first through review of a 2‐D CT sinus scan, followed by an educational module of the 3‐D reconstruction. After each session, subjects rated their knowledge of the sinus and adjacent structures on a self‐assessment questionnaire.ResultsSignificant improvement in the perceived understanding of the anatomy was noted after the 3‐D educational module session when compared to the 2‐D CT session alone (P < .01). Every subject believed the addition of 3‐D imaging accelerated their education of sinus anatomy and recommended its use to others.ConclusionsThe impression of the learners was that a 3‐D educational module, highlighting key structures, is a highly effective tool to enhance the education of medical students and otolaryngology residents in sinus and skull base anatomy and its adjacent structures, specifically in conceptualizing the spatial orientation of these structures.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:596–601, 2014
A novel method for culturing human glottic cells
Authors: Bonet Mireya , Basterra Jorge , Pérez Ana , Zapater Enrique 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this basic investigation was to describe a new method of preparing primary monolayer cultures of human glottic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the culturing of healthy human glottic cells. This technique may be of use for other applications in the challenging field of laryngeal diseases.Study DesignIndividual prospective cohort study.MethodsTissue samples were collected from 15 patients who underwent laryngeal surgery due to chronic laryngitis or larynx carcinoma. An inverted phase microscope was used to study the cultured cells, and immunocytochemistry using a mouse anti‐human cytokeratin 19 monoclonal antibody was performed to identify epithelial cells. The relationship between the culture results and several patient variables was evaluated.ResultsCultures were positive in 40% of samples. The total and supracricoid laryngectomy groups had the highest rate of culture positivity (P < .02).ConclusionsThe current study provides methodological details that will allow other research groups to replicate this model of glottic cell culture.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 123:E104–E108, 2013
Polycyclotrimers of 1,4‐Diethynylbenzene, 2,6‐Diethynylnaphthalene, and 2,6‐Diethynylanthracene: Preparation and Gas Adsorption Properties
Authors: Zukal Arnošt , Slováková Eva , Balcar Hynek , Sedláček Jan 
Published: July 2013

Hyperbranched partly cross‐linked polycyclotrimers of 1,4‐diethynylbenzene, 2,6‐diethynyl­naphthalene, and 2,6‐diethynylanthracene, Pc(1,4‐DEB), Pc(2,6‐DEN), and Pc(2,6‐DEA), respectively, are prepared using TaCl5/Ph4Sn catalyst. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, microporosity, and maximum sorption capacity for H2 and CO2 decrease in the order of decreasing relative content of branching points in polycyclotrimers Pc(1,4‐DEB) > Pc(2,6‐DEN) > Pc(2,6‐DEA), the highest values for Pc(1,4‐DEB) being SBET = 1299 m2 g−1, aH2 = 1.26 wt% (100 kPa, 77 K), and aCO2 = 10.8 wt% (100 kPa, 273 K). N2 isotherms show that adsorption/desorption hysteresis occurs already at low equilibrium pressures. CO2 isotherms show that the time allotted to the measurement influences both the maximum adsorption capacity and the hysteresis upon desorption.
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The motor neuron response to SMN1 deficiency in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Kang Peter B. , Gooch Clifton L. , McDermott Michael P. , Darras Basil T. , Finkel Richard S. , Yang Michele L. , Sproule Douglas M. , Chung Wendy K. , Kaufmann Petra , de Vivo Darryl C. ,   for the Muscle Study Group and the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze motor unit number estimation (MUNE) values longitudinally in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: Sixty‐two children with SMA types 2 and 3 were observed prospectively for up to 42 months. Longitudinal electrophysiological data were collected, including compound motor action potential (CMAP), single motor unit action potential (SMUP), and MUNE. Results: Significant motor neuron loss and compensatory collateral reinnervation were noted at baseline. Over time, there was a significant mean increase in MUNE (4.92 units/year, P = 0.009), a mean decrease in SMUP amplitude (−6.32 μV/year, P = 0.10), and stable CMAP amplitude. Conclusions: The unexpected longitudinal results differ from findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis studies, perhaps indicating that compensatory processes in SMA involve new motor unit development. A better understanding of the mechanisms of motor unit decline and compensation in SMA is important for assessing novel therapeutic strategies and for providing key insights into disease pathophysiology. Muscle Nerve 49: 636–644, 2014
A marching cubes based failure surface propagation concept for three‐dimensional finite elements with non‐planar embedded strong discontinuities of higher‐order kinematics
Authors: Linder Christian , Zhang Xiaoxuan 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents an advanced failure surface propagation concept based on the marching cubes algorithm initially proposed in the field of computer graphics and applies it to the embedded finite element method. When modeling three‐dimensional (3D) solids at failure, the propagation of the failure surface representing a crack or shear band should not exhibit a strong sensitivity to the details of the finite element discretization. This results in the need for a propagation of the discrete failure zone through the individual finite elements, which is possible for finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. Whereas for two‐dimensional calculations the failure zone propagation location is easily predicted by the maximal principal stress direction, more advanced strategies are needed to achieve a smooth failure surface in 3D simulations. An example for such method is the global tracking algorithm, which predicts the crack path by a scalar level set function computed on the basis of the solution of a simplified heat conduction like problem. Its prediction may though lead to various scenarios on how the failure surface may propagate through the individual finite elements. In particular, for a hexahedral eight‐node finite element, 256 such cases exist. To capture all those possibilities, the marching cubes algorithm is combined with the global tracking algorithm and the finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities in this work. In addition, because many of the possible cases result in non‐planar failure surfaces within a single finite element and because the local quantities used to describe the kinematics of the embedded strong discontinuities are physically meaningful in a strict sense only for planar failure surfaces, a remedy for such scenarios is proposed. Various 3D failure propagation simulations outline the performance of the proposed concept. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and experimental infrared spectra of hydrated and dehydrated Nafion
Authors: Kendrick Ian , Yakaboski Adam , Kingston Erin , Doan Jonathan , Dimakis Nicholas , Smotkin Eugene S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe time‐dependent IR spectra during dehydration of fully hydrated Nafion show the reversible disappearance of the 1061 cm−1 and 969 cm−1 concurrent with the emergence of peaks at ∼928 cm−1 and ∼1408 cm−1. The first pair of group modes is associated with a dissociated exchange group (sulfonate) with a local C3V symmetry. The C3V group modes shift with state‐of‐hydration: The 969 cm−1 peak completely vanishes and the 1061 cm−1 is reduced to a small shoulder at 1070 cm−1 at end of dehydration. The C3V group modes are replaced by the pair of group modes of an associated exchange group (sulfonic acid) with C1 local symmetry. The density functional theory normal mode analysis confirms that the sulfonic acid/sulfonate site plays a dominant role in the C1 and C3V group modes, respectively. This work clarifies the importance of assigning fluoropolymers peaks as group modes rather than traditional single functional group assignments as is often the case with the ∼1061 cm−1 and ∼969 cm−1 C3V group modes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1329–1334
Structural and optical properties of Alx Ga1–xN nanowires
Authors: Pierret A. , Bougerol C. , Hertog M. den , Gayral B. , Kociak M. , Renevier H. , Daudin B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe structural properties of Alx Ga1–xN nanowires with high Al content grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy have been studied by high‐resolution electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Evidence for marked chemical composition fluctuations has been found that have been assigned to kinetical effects during growth. Concomitantly, microphotoluminescence and nanocathodoluminescence experiments on single nanowires have revealed the presence of sharp emission lines, as an evidence of carrier localization. This feature has been assigned to several spatial scales of composition fluctuations, in agreement with the kinetically‐driven growth model proposed for Alx Ga1–xN nanowires. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma hydrogenated, reactively sputtered aluminium oxide for silicon surface passivation
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Cuevas Andres 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe intentional addition of hydrogen during reactive sputtering of AlOx films has led to a dramatic improvement of the surface passivation of crystalline silicon wafers achieved with this technique. The 5 ms effective minority carrier lifetime measured on 1.5 Ω cm n‐type CZ silicon wafers is close to the 6 ms of a control wafer coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of AlOx. Hydrogen‐sputtered films also provide excellent passivation of 1 Ω cm p‐type silicon, as demonstrated by an effective lifetime of 1.1 ms. It is likely that the improved passivation is related to the formation of an interfacial silicon oxide layer, as indicated by FTIR measurements. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Study of the Early Changes of the Level of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Histopathology of Penises of Rats with Experimentally Induced Type I Diabetes Mellitus by Streptozocin
Authors: El-Kamshoushi Abdel Aal M. , Abdallah Wafaa I. , Helal Suzan F. , El Azhary Nesrine M. , Hassan Eman M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multiorgan disease that leads to neurovascular complications that disturb the normal erectile function.

Aim
The aim of the current work was to study the early changes occurring in the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and histopathological changes in penile tissues of uncontrolled diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods
This study was carried on 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into two main groups: group I (control, n = 10) and group II (diabetic, n = 40). Type I DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The tissue level of CGRP and histopathological examination of rat penises were assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after induction of DM.

Results
CGRP was higher in the diabetic group at 4, 6, and 8 weeks than in the control group. However, endothelial changes and decreased smooth muscles mass started only 2 weeks after induction of DM.

Conclusion
Deterioration of histopathological features of the uncontrolled diabetic rats corporeal tissues is time dependent. Furthermore, vascular changes seem to precede the neurological changes.
The Control and Prediction of End‐Point Phosphorus Content during BOF Steelmaking Process
Authors: Wang Zhou , Xie Feiming , Wang Bin , Liu Qing , Lu Xinchun , Hu Lining , Cai Fei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRemoval of phosphorus is a reaction, which plays an important role in combined converter steelmaking process, and the precise control of end‐point phosphorus content during BOF steelmaking process would greatly improve the quality of liquid steel. Therefore, the relation between dephosphorization ratio and temperature of liquid steel, FeO content of slag, slag basicity is clearly clarified through thermodynamic analysis of dephosphorization process in this paper. Besides, by means of combining the methods of multivariate regression analysis and multi‐level recursive completely, the multi‐level recursive regression model, which is used to complete the prediction of end‐point phosphorus content during BOF steelmaking process, is established based on large amount of production data. The verification of the model with the data taken from three steel plants indicates that the hit rate of the multi‐level recursive regression model is above 84% when predictive errors of the model are within ±0.005%, and it could provide a relatively good reference for real production.