bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Displays for a Process-Control Schematic Interface
Authors: Yin Shanqing , Wickens Christopher D. , Helander Martin , Laberge Jason C. 
Published: July 2014

Objective: Our objective was to examine the extent to which increasing precision of predictive (rate of change) information in process control will improve performance on a simulated process-control task. Background: Predictive displays have been found to be useful in process control (as well as aviation and maritime industries). However, authors of prior research have not examined the extent to which predictive value is increased by increasing predictor resolution, nor has such research tied potential improvements to changes in process control strategy. Method: Fifty nonprofessional participants each controlled a simulated chemical mixture process (honey mixer simulation) that simulated the operations found in process control. Participants in each of five groups controlled with either no predictor or a predictor ranging in the resolution of prediction of the process. Results: Increasing detail resolution generally increased the benefit of prediction over the control condition although not monotonically so. The best overall performance, combining quality and predictive ability, was obtained by the display of intermediate resolution. The two displays with the lowest resolution were clearly inferior. Conclusion: Predictors with higher resolution are of value but may trade off enhanced sensitivity to variable change (lower-resolution discrete state predictor) with smoother control action (higher-resolution continuous predictors). Application: The research provides guidelines to the process-control industry regarding displays that can most improve operator performance.
Influences of Patient Age on Deep Neck Infection: Clinical Etiology and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Chi Tzu‐Hang , Tsao Yuan‐Heng , Yuan Chien‐Han 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo analyze the differences in clinical features, etiology, treatment modalities, and microbiology of the deep neck infections between the elderly and the adults.Study DesignCases series.SettingSingle hospital.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients older than 18 years of age with diagnosis of deep neck infection from January 2008 to December 2012. A total of 148 patients were enrolled in this study, including 32 elderly (older than 65 years of age) and 116 adults who aged between 18 and 65. Data collected included age, gender, clinical presentations, etiology, treatment modalities, and microbiology.ResultsOdontogenic and salivary origin were the most common sources of infection for the elderly group, whereas the odontogenic and tonsillar origin were the most common sources of deep neck infections in the adult group. Compared to the adult group, the elderly group had significantly higher ratio with multiple spaces involved (53.1% vs 30.2%, P =. 016), complication (15.6% vs 4.3%, P =. 024), and surgical interventions (75.0% vs 38.8%, P <. 001), in addition to longer hospital stay (11.1 ± 7.2 days vs 8.2 ± 4.5 days, P =. 029).ConclusionCompared to the adult group, the elderly patients with deep neck infection had more cases with multiple spaces involvement, complications, surgical interventions, and longer hospital stay. However, the outcome of the elderly group was the same as the adult group. Therefore, the benefits of aggressive management for deep neck infection should not be withheld from patients simply because of the old age.
Awareness of dementia by family carers of nursing home residents dying with dementia: A post-death study
Authors: Penders Yolanda WH , Albers Gwenda , Deliens Luc , Vander Stichele Robert , Van den Block Lieve ,   on behalf of EURO IMPACT, Van den Block Lieve , De Groote Zeger , Brearly Sarah , Caraceni Augusto , Cohen Joachim , Francke Anneke , Harding Richard , Higginson Irene , Kaasa Stein , Linden Karen , Miccenesi Guido , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje , Pardon Koen , Pasman Roeline , Pautux Sophie , Payne Sheila , Deliens Luc 
Published: July 2014

Background: High-quality palliative care for people with dementia should be patient-centered, family-focused, and include well-informed and shared decision-making, as affirmed in a recent white paper on dementia from the European Association for Palliative Care. Aim: To describe how often family carers of nursing home residents who died with dementia are aware that their relative has dementia, and study resident, family carer, and care characteristics associated with awareness. Design: Post-death study using random cluster sampling. Setting/participants: Structured questionnaires were completed by family carers, nursing staff, and general practitioners of deceased nursing home residents with dementia in Flanders, Belgium (2010). Results: Of 190 residents who died with dementia, 53.2% of family carers responded. In 28% of cases, family carers indicated they were unaware their relative had dementia. Awareness by family carers was related to more advanced stages of dementia 1 month before death (odds ratio = 5.4), with 48% of family carers being unaware when dementia was mild and 20% unaware when dementia was advanced. The longer the onset of dementia after admission to a nursing home, the less likely family carers were aware (odds ratio = 0.94). Conclusion: Family carers are often unaware that their relative has dementia, that is, in one-fourth of cases of dementia and one-fifth of advanced dementia, posing considerable challenges for optimal care provision and end-of-life decision-making. Considering that family carers of residents who develop dementia later after admission to a nursing home are less likely to be aware, there is room for improving communication strategies toward family carers of nursing home residents.
Social Workers’ Orientation Toward the Evidence-Based Practice Process
Authors: van der Zwet Renske J. M. , Kolmer Deirdre M. Beneken genaamd , Schalk René 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: This study assesses social workers’ orientation toward the evidence-based practice (EBP) process and explores which specific variables (e.g. age) are associated. Methods: Data were collected from 341 Dutch social workers through an online survey which included a Dutch translation of the EBP Process Assessment Scale (EBPPAS), along with 13 background/demographic questions. Results: The overall level of orientation toward the EBP process is relatively low. Although respondents are slightly familiar with it and have slightly positive attitudes about it, their intentions to engage in it and their actual engagement are relatively low. Respondents who followed a course on the EBP process as a student are more oriented toward it than those who did not. Social workers under 29 are more familiar with the EBP process than those over 29. Conclusions: We recommend educators to take a more active role in teaching the EBP process to students and social workers.
Adapting Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Foster Care
Authors: Mersky Joshua P. , Topitzes James , Grant-Savela Stacey D. , Brondino Michael J. , McNeil Cheryl B. 
Published: July 2014

Objective: This study presents outcomes from a randomized trial of a novel Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) model for foster families. Differential effects of two intervention doses on child externalizing and internalizing symptoms are examined. Method: A sample of 102 foster children was assigned to one of three conditions—brief PCIT, extended PCIT, or wait-list control. The brief and extended groups received 2 days of PCIT training and 8 weeks of telephone consultation. The extended PCIT group received an additional booster training plus 6 more weeks of consultation. Wait-list controls received services as usual. Tests of change over time were estimated using mixed-model repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: Compared to controls, children in both PCIT groups exhibited a greater reduction in externalizing and internalizing scores over time. Pairwise contrasts of the two PCIT conditions yielded mixed results. Conclusion: Results indicate that PCIT can be tailored efficaciously for foster families using alternative treatment modalities.
The Lambda Sign
Authors: Ryan LTC Paul , Hills MAJ Chad , Chang James , Wilson CPT David 
Published: July 2014

Background: Latent syndesmotic instability is a common cause of chronic ankle pain. The diagnosis is not readily apparent on static imaging as the fibula remains reduced. The hypothesis of this study was that a previously undescribed novel finding on coronal MRI (lambda sign) is an independent indicator of latent syndesmosis instability. We also report on the utility of classic radiographic and physical exam findings. Methods: A total of 23 patients with latent syndesmotic instability diagnosed via arthroscopy (group I) were compared to a cohort of 40 patients who were found to have a stable syndesmosis during arthroscopy for unrelated conditions (group II). A retrospective chart review was performed evaluating their clinical history, preoperative physical examination, and radiologic findings. The lambda sign is a high intensity signal seen on coronal MR imaging that resembles the Greek letter lambda. Results: All of the physical exam findings tested were statistically significant. Pain at the syndesmosis had the highest sensitivity (83%), while pain reproduced with the proximal squeeze test resulted in the highest specificity (89%). The external rotation stress test had the highest positive predictive value (75%). Of the radiographic examinations performed, only the lambda sign was found to have statistical significance with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 63%. The presence of a lambda sign on the MRI of patients with physical exam findings suggestive of syndesmotic pain was highly sensitive (75%) and specific (85%). Conclusion: The lambda sign noted on the coronal MRI was both sensitive and specific for injuries involving greater than 2 mm of diastasis on arthroscopic stress examination of the syndesmosis. While neither the lambda sign nor any other finding on physical or radiographic examination represented an independent predictor of syndesmotic instability, the presence of a lambda sign in concert with positive physical exam findings might help health care providers determine which patients might benefit from operative intervention or referral. Level of Evidence: Level III, case control study.
Adiponectin expression and the cardioprotective role of the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in ApoE-deficient mice
Authors: Suarez-Martinez Edu , Husain Kazim , Ferder Leon 
Published: July 2014

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in the US. The adipokine adiponectin has been studied intensively for presenting and inversed association with almost every stage of CHD. For instance, the evaluation of molecules capable of enhancing endogenous adiponectin expression is well justified. In this study, we investigated the effect of the vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) paricalcitol and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril on adiponectin expression, lipid profiles, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), antioxidant capacity, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), Mn-SOD, NADPH p22phox subunits, inducible nitric oxidesynthase (iNOS), endothelial marker eNOS, and 81 atherosclerosis-related genes in ApoE-deficient mice. Method: Seven-week-old ApoE-deficient mice were treated for 16 weeks as follows: Group 1, ApoE vehicle control (intraperitoneal [i.p.] 100 µl propylene glycol); Group 2, ApoE-paricalcitol (200 ng i.p., 3/week); Group 3, ApoE-Enalapril (30 mg/kg daily); Group 4, ApoE-paricalcitol + enalapril (described dosing); and Group 5, wild-type control (C57BLV). Results: All treated groups presented significant changes in circulating and cardiac adiponectin, cardiac cholesterol levels, AMPK, MCP-1, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, eNOS, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and p22phox. There were 15 genes that differed in their expression, 5 of which are involved in cardioprotection and antithrombotic mechanisms: Bcl2a1a, Col3a1, Spp1 (upregulated), Itga2, and Vwf (downregulated). Conclusion: Together, our data presented a novel role for VDRA and ACEI in reducing factors associated with CHD that may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic venues.
Missed Peritalar Injuries
Authors: Matuszak Sean A. , Baker Erin A. , Stewart Cory M. , Fortin Paul T. 
Published: July 2014

Because of the complex anatomy of the foot, rarity of fractures of the foot, and subtle radiographic cues, foot injuries are commonly overlooked and mis/undiagnosed. This study seeks to investigate a patient population whose peritalar injuries, including fractures and dislocations, were missed on initial examination, in order to analyze factors of known, missed injuries and provide insight into methods for reducing the incidence of missed diagnoses. Surgical cases between January 1999 and May 2011 were queried and retrospectively reviewed to identify missed peritalar injuries. Of 1682 surgical cases reviewed, 27 patients with missed peritalar injury(ies), which were subsequently confirmed by imaging studies, were identified. Using the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, fracture and dislocation subtypes were classified. A medical record review was performed to assess demographic and surgical data elements. In this study population, 7 types of peritalar injuries (talus, calcaneal, navicular, and cuboid fractures as well as subtalar, calcaneocuboid, and talonavicular joint dislocations) were diagnosed in 27 patients. All patients required surgical intervention. Talus fractures were the most commonly missed injury. In patients with multiple peritalar injuries, there was a strong correlation between talus and navicular fractures (r = −0.60; P < .01) as well as a moderate correlation between talus fractures and calcaneocuboid dislocations (r = −0.46; P = .02). The presence of a calcaneal fracture significantly decreased the time to definitive diagnosis ( P = .01). Male patients’ diagnoses were delayed an average of 324 days and females 105 days ( P = .04). A moderate correlation was found between patient age at injury and time to diagnosis (r = −0.47; P = .04), with a decreased time to diagnosis as patient age increased. Significant factors were identified in this patient population, including patient sex and age, which may contribute to missed or delayed diagnosis in the clinical setting. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of peritalar injuries may improve long-term outcomes. Levels of Evidence: Care Management, Level V
Plantar Flexor Muscle Architecture Changes as a Result of Eccentric Exercise in Patients With Achilles Tendinosis
Authors: Crill Matthew T. , Berlet Gregory , Hyer Christopher 
Published: July 2014

Eccentric training for Achilles tendinosis (AT) has been reported to significantly improve patient symptoms. There has been no biomechanical explanation on the mechanism for specific rehabilitation technique. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in muscle architecture that occurred as a result of Achilles tendinosis injury and a subsequent eccentric rehabilitation program. Twenty-five patients (age, 53.3 ± 17.5 years) diagnosed with AT participated in 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Specific exercises for the ankle plantar flexors consisted of maximal load eccentric muscle action using 3 sets of 15 repetitions. Patients also completed a protocol for AT, which consisting of traditional rehabilitation. Medial gastrocnemius (GM) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) muscle fascicle length and thickness were measured with ultrasound at 2-week intervals from initial treatment day to the end of 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Medial gastrocnemius fascicle length increased (45.1 ± 10.5 mm to 51.4 ± 10.5 mm; P = .22) between the initial day of rehabilitation and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. But, GM thickness (16.3 ± 3.5 mm to 16.8 ± 2.0 mm), GL fascicle length (47.2 ± 10.0 mm to 47.1 ± 7.4 mm), and GL thickness (14.9 ± 5.2 mm to 14.4 ± 2.7 mm) did not change as a result of rehabilitation. A 6-week eccentric-biased exercise increased the GM muscle fascicle length by 12%, but GM thickness, GL fascicle length, and GL thickness did not change as a result of rehabilitation. Eccentric training for the treatment of AT is well recognized, but the mechanism of action has not been previously reported. A 6-week eccentric training protocol increased the GM muscle fascicle length by 12%, and this correlated with improvement in a validated patient outcome scoring system. Further study is warranted to determine a predictive relationship between improvement of GM fascicle length and outcome scores. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Assessment of Osgood-Schlatter Disease and the Skeletal Maturation of the Distal Attachment of the Patellar Tendon in Preadolescent Males
Authors: Yanagisawa Shinya , Osawa Takashi , Saito Kenichi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Iizuka Haku , Takagishi Kenji 
Published: July 2014

Background: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity. Ultrasonography (US) is able to detect pathologic changes, such as cartilage swelling and fragmentation of the tibial tubercle ossification center. Purpose: To compare the US stages of tibial tuberosity development and the physical features and prevalence of OSD in this patient cohort. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Subjects included 238 males (n = 476 joints) with a mean age of 11.4 ± 1.6 years (range, 7-14 years). The tibial tuberosity development on US was divided into 3 stages: the cartilaginous stage (stage C), apophyseal stage (stage A), and epiphyseal stage (stage E). It was then investigated whether the subjects had pain in the tibial tuberosity on application of pressure. Age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), heel-buttock distance (HBD, cm), and straight-leg raise angle (SLRA) were evaluated. To confirm the diagnosis of OSD, the participant had to fulfill the following clinical criteria: pain with direct pressure on the tibial apophysis, fragmentation of the bone, and irregularity of the ossification center detected by US. Results: The tibial tuberosity was stage C in 195 knees, stage A in 105 knees, and stage E in 176 knees. The subjects’ heights, weights, and BMIs significantly increased with advancing development of the tibial tuberosity. The HBD increased in stage E ( P < .01). The SLRA was not significantly different among groups. There was fragmentation of the bone and irregularity of the ossification center in 32 knees (6.8%): 0 in stage C, 21 (4.3%) in stage A, and 11 (2.3%) in stage E. Fragmentation of the bone and irregularity were observed significantly more often in stage A ( P < .01). On the other hand, there were 10 joints with OSD (2.1%): 0 in stage C, 3 (0.6%) in stage A, and 7 (1.5%) in stage E. OSD was observed significantly more often in stage E than in the other stages ( P < .05). Conclusion: The present study showed that the HBD increased from stage A to stage E. The prevalence of OSD was highest in stage E.
Surgical Management of Symptomatic Olecranon Traction Spurs
Authors: Alvi Hasham M. , Kalainov David M. , Biswas Debdut , Soneru Alexander P. , Cohen Mark S. 
Published: July 2014

Background: There is a paucity of information pertaining to the pathoanatomy and treatment of symptomatic olecranon traction spurs. Purpose: To describe the pathoanatomy of olecranon traction spur formation, a technique for spur resection, and a series of patients who failed conservative care and underwent operative treatment. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eleven patients (12 elbows) with a mean age of 42 years (range, 27-62 years) underwent excision of a painful olecranon traction spur after failing conservative care. Charts and imaging studies were reviewed. All patients returned for evaluation and new elbow radiographs at an average of 34 months (range, 10-78 months). Outcome measures included the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire; the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS); visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and patient satisfaction; elbow motion; elbow strength; and elbow stability. Results: The traction spur was found in the superficial fibers of the distal triceps tendon in all cases. The mean QuickDASH score was 3 (range, 0-23), the mean MEPS score was 96 (range, 80-100), the mean VAS pain score was 0.8 (range, 0-3), and the mean VAS satisfaction score was 9.6 (range, 7-10). Average elbow motion measured 3° to 138° (preoperative average, 5°-139°). All patients exhibited normal elbow flexion and extension strength, and all elbows were deemed stable. Early postoperative complications involved a wound seroma in 1 case and olecranon bursitis in 1 case: both problems resolved without additional surgery. Two patients eventually developed a recurrent traction spur, 1 of whom underwent successful repeat spur excision 48 months after the index operation. Conclusion: Short- to mid-term patient and examiner-determined outcomes after olecranon traction spur resection were acceptable in our experience. Early postoperative complications and recurrent enthesophyte formation were uncommon. Clinical Relevance: This study provides the treating physician with an improved understanding of the pathoanatomy of olecranon traction spur formation, a technique for spur resection, and information to review with patients regarding the outcome of surgical management.
Accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells in the elderly induces the generation of granzyme-B+ CD8+ T cells with potential antitumor activity
Authors: Lee-Chang Catalina , Bodogai Monica , Moritoh Kanako , Olkhanud Purevdorj B. , Chan Andrew C. , Croft Michael , Mattison Julie A. , Holst Peter Johannes , Gress Ronald E. , Ferrucci Luigi , Hakim Fran , Biragyn Arya 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
We report the discovery of evolutionary conserved aging-associated accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells that induce GrB+ CD8+ T cells. This discovery explains paradoxical retarded tumor growth in the elderly.
Long-term survival and blast transformation in molecularly annotated essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Guglielmelli Paola , Larson Dirk R. , Finke Christy , Wassie Emnet A. , Pieri Lisa , Gangat Naseema , Fjerza Rajmonda , Belachew Alem A. , Lasho Terra L. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Hanson Curtis A. , Rambaldi Alessandro , Finazzi Guido , Thiele Juergen , Barbui Tiziano , Pardanani Animesh , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: July 2014

Key PointsSurvival in ET is superior to that of PV, regardless of mutational status, but remains inferior to the sex- and age-matched US population. JAK2/CALR/MPL mutational status is prognostically informative in PMF, regarding overall and leukemia-free survival.