bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism: mechanistic insight and therapeutic potential for MASLD
Authors: Raza Sana , Rajak Sangam , Yen Paul M. , Sinha Rohit A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) originates from a homeostatic imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism. Increased fat deposition in the liver of people suffering from MASLD predisposes them to develop further metabolic derangements, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and other end-stage liver diseases. Unfortunately, only limited pharmacological therapies exist for MASLD to date. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, has emerged as a primary mechanism of lipid metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes. Furthermore, preclinical studies with autophagy modulators have shown promising results in resolving MASLD and mitigating its progress into deleterious liver pathologies. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy-mediated hepatic lipid metabolism, its therapeutic modulation for MASLD treatment, and current limitations and scope for clinical translation.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in aging and the role of advanced cardiovascular imaging
Authors: Wong Jie Jun , Hong Rilong , Teo Louis L. Y. , Tan Ru-San , Koh Angela S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAging and inflammation are key drivers in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Aging is characterized by chronic, systemic, dysregulated inflammation and dysfunctional immune responses ― termed inflammaging ― that give rise to cumulative cardiovascular damage. These noxious processes promote epithelial dysfunction, immune infiltration, foam cell deposition, and calcification, which result in atherosclerotic plaque formation. With aging, epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cell senescence further contribute to atherogenesis by the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, consequently secreting pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors that exert autocrine and paracrine effects to perpetuate a vicious cycle of tissue aging and eventual failure. Recent evidence has affirmed the use of anti-inflammatory therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk; however, the possibility of off-target adverse effects may limit the application. Moreover, systemic inflammatory markers are not sufficiently precise in localizing cardiovascular active inflammation, and conventional cardiovascular imaging methods can only detect structural changes in late-stage disease. Targeted molecular imaging offers imaging-guided precision theragnostic and early upstream preventive approaches by delineating the cellular biological mechanisms underpinning cardiovascular inflammaging and holds the potential to revolutionize the personalized treatment of early atherosclerotic disease. Here, we examine recent developments in molecular imaging in relation to the mechanisms underlying aging-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We highlight challenges facing the translation of molecular imaging into clinical practice and propose future directions of these novel diagnostic modalities.
RIS assisted wireless networks: Collaborative regulation, deployment mode and field testing
Authors: Zhao Yajun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have made significant progress in engineering application research and industrialization, as well as in academic research. However, the engineering application research field of RIS still faces several challenges. This article analyses and discusses the two deployment modes of RIS‐assisted wireless networks, namely network controlled mode and standalone mode. It also presents three typical collaboration scenarios of RIS networks, including multi‐RIS collaboration, multi‐user access, and multi‐cell coordination, which reflect the differences between the two deployment modes of RIS. The article proposes collaborative regulation mechanisms for RIS and analyses their applications in the two network deployment modes in‐depth. Furthermore, the article establishes simulation models of three scenarios and provides rich numerical simulation results. An actual field test environment is also built, where a specially designed and processed RIS prototype was used for preliminary field test and verification. Finally, this article puts forward future trends and challenges.
Error‐transfer‐theory based adaptive filtering algorithm for external supported tracking
Authors: Sun Quan , Huang Xiyao , Ouyang Yi , Yang Gang , Yu Mengxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn improved filtering algorithm, called the EttAF adaptive filtering, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the available algorithm, the equivalent observation error in the fusion centre from the external sensor is considered, which makes the observation noise matrix of the filter dynamically adjust according to the relative relationship between the fusion centre and the external sensor. The strong manoeuvring target is modelled based on the CS‐jerk model, and the error adaptive variation equation is derived for the external data. Simulation results show that compared to traditional algorithm the EttAF algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of position and velocity by 10.8% and 22.3% respectively.
Active distribution network dynamic partitioning method based on the Voltage/Var sensitivity using branch cutting and binary particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Ji Yuqi , Chen Xuehan , He Ping , Liu Xiaomei , Li Congshan , Tao Yukun , Fan Jiale 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo optimally harness the adjustable capabilities of reactive power sources for voltage control, a dynamic partitioning method that uses reactive power flow tracking for branch cutting through Binary Particle Swarm Optimisation (BPSO) is proposed for Active Distribution Networks (ADNs). Initially, the limitations of existing Voltage/Var Sensitivity (VVS) calculation methods are analysed, leading to the proposition of a novel VVS calculation method capable of capturing variations in source‐load timing characteristics. Subsequently, the fuzzification of the VVS matrix between nodes is used to derive the membership degree matrix. Next, based on the membership relationship between reactive power source nodes, these nodes are pre‐partitioned, and the number of leading nodes and zones alongside are preliminarily determined. Then, the range of the branch to be cut is established, guided by the reactive power flow direction of the branch. Employing the zonal comprehensive coupling degree as the objective function of the BPSO facilitates the identification of optimal branch cutting points, thereby determining the partitioning outcome. Finally, a reactive power reserve check is executed to rectify any non‐compliant zones. In this study, numerical simulations are conducted using the enhanced IEEE 33‐node power system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Preparation, characterisation and enhanced fungistatic properties of silicone rubber with different concentrations of CMIT/MIT
Authors: Yang Shifang , Zhang Zexuan , Hou Qianpeng , Liu Yunpeng , Gong Chi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe authors explore the limitations of silicone rubber (SR) in tropical environments due to its lack of antimicrobial activity. The use of a 2‐methylisothiazol‐3(2H)‐one compound with 5‐chloro‐2‐methylisothiazol‐3(2H)‐one is proposed as an efficient and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agent to enhance the fungistatic properties of SR. The fungicide added specimen was obtained by directly adding a quantitative amount of isothiazolinone to the polymer system. Through an in‐depth analysis of the material properties of MCMSR, the form in which 2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one/5‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one (MIT/CMIT) exists in the molecular structure of the SR crosslink system was carefully explored. The accelerated hydrolysis process of polysiloxane, which caused fungi secretion, was proven to be suppressed due to the effects of MIT/CMIT. The antimicrobial mechanism of isothiazolinone in preventing microbial growth was interpreted as the apoptosis and necrosis procedures of Aspergillus niger cells, which were verified by flow cytometry results. By choosing the appropriate concentration of isothiazolinone, the original properties of the SR were successfully maintained while effectively preventing the aggregation of isothiazolinone. This opens up a new research direction and application prospect for the antimicrobial modification of SR.
Robust parameter identification based on nature‐inspired optimization for accurate photovoltaic modelling under different operating conditions
Authors: He Zengxiang , Hu Yihua , Zhang Kanjian , Wei Haikun , Alkahtani Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurate parameter identification plays a crucial role in realizing precise modelling, design optimization, condition monitoring, and fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems. However, due to the nonlinear, multivariate, and multistate characteristics of PV models, it is difficult to identify perfect model parameters using traditional analytical and numerical methods. Besides, some existing methods may stick in local optimum and have slow convergence speed. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an enhanced nature‐inspired OLARO algorithm for PV parameter identification under different conditions. OLARO is improved from ARO incorporating existing opposition‐based learning, Lévy flight and roulette fitness‐distance balance to improve global search capability and avoid local optima. Firstly, a novel data smoothing measure is taken to reduce the noises of I–V curves. Then, OLARO is compared with several common algorithms on different solar cells and PV modules using robustness analysis and statistical tests. The results indicate that OLARO has better ability than others to extract parameters from PV models such as single diode, double diode, and PV module models. Moreover, the convergence performance of OLARO is more excellent than the other algorithms. Additionally, the I–V curves of two PV modules under different irradiance and temperature conditions are applied to verify the robustness of the proposed parameter extraction algorithm. Besides, OLARO is successfully applied to two real operating PV modules, and it is compared with two recent well‐known methods improved by FDB. Finally, sensitivity analysis, stability analysis, and discussion of practical challenges are provided.
Gerinnungsstörungen bei Leberzirrhose – Diagnostik und Management
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Tacke Frank , Michels Guido 
Published: August 2024

Patienten mit Leberzirrhose weisen komplexe Veränderungen des hämostatischen Systems auf, die sowohl mit Blutungs- als auch mit thrombotischen Komplikationen einhergehen können und im Rahmen des klinischen Managements berücksichtigt werden sollten.Während eine prophylaktische Korrektur abnormaler Gerinnungsparameter vermieden werden sollte, ist vor invasiven Prozeduren ein individualisiertes Vorgehen zu empfehlen, wobei sich spezifische Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Stabilisierung der Gerinnung am periprozeduralen Blutungsrisiko orientieren sollten.Weiterhin gilt zu beachten, dass sich die hämostatischen Veränderungen in Abhängigkeit des Stadiums der Erkrankung unterscheiden. Während sich das hämostatische System bei kompensierter Zirrhose oftmals in einem Gleichgewicht befindet, kann das Auftreten einer akuten Dekompensation zu einer Destabilisierung dieses Zustands führen.Da konventionelle Gerinnungstests die komplexen Veränderungen des hämostatischen Systems bei Zirrhose nicht adäquat erfassen, können funktionelle Analysemethoden, wie viskoelastische Testverfahren oder Thrombingenerierungstests bei der Evaluation des Gerinnungsstatus hilfreich sein.Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt die zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Veränderungen des hämostatischen Systems bei Leberzirrhose, liefert einen Überblick über geeignete Diagnostikmethoden und thematisiert Therapiemaßnahmen im Falle von Blutungs- und thrombotischen Komplikationen.
Interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie von malignen Mesotheliomen
Authors: van der Linde Lea I. S. , Hantzsch-Kuhn Birgit , Ellebrecht David , Stellmacher Florian , Welker Lutz 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDas asbestbedingte maligne Mesotheliom (MM) gehört in Deutschland mit ca. 1000 Neuerkrankungen pro Jahr zu den häufigen berufsbedingten Krebserkrankungen. Die Diagnose eines MM ist, sofern die entsprechenden diagnostischen Kriterien erfüllt sind, sowohl aus histologischem als auch aus zytologischem Probenmaterial mit hoher Spezifität möglich. Allerdings werden viele MM zyto-/histologisch erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien entdeckt. Klinisch/radiologische Aspekte ergänzen die Diagnostik und ermöglichen eine interdisziplinäre Beurteilung des Tumorstadiums und individuelle Entscheidungen über die bestmöglichen Therapieoptionen für jeden einzelnen Patienten. Diagnostisch hat die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) den höchsten Stellenwert. Die Therapieplanung orientiert sich am vorliegenden MM-Subtyp, der Tumorausbreitung und Stadium sowie dem klinischen Zustand des Patienten. Die Prognose des MM ist im Allgemeinen sehr ungünstig. Dementsprechend zielt die Standardtherapie auf eine makroskopische radikale Tumorresektion im Sinne einer Zytoreduktion im Rahmen eines geeigneten multimodalen Therapiekonzepts (Chemotherapie, Strahlentherapie, Psychoonkologie). Ziel palliativer Maßnahmen sollte v.a. die Symptomkontrolle sein. Insgesamt ist die interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie des MM entscheidend für die bestmögliche Versorgung der MM-Kranken.
Management of Proximal (A1 Segment) Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: A Literature Review
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Ahamed Waseem , Bhaisora Kamlesh S. , Sardhara Jayesh C. , Raiyyani Vandan , Srivastava Arun , Mehrotra Anant , Behari Sanjay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProximal or A1 segment anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are rare aneurysms. They have certain unique properties when compared to all other intracranial aneurysms. They are smaller and prone to an early rupture. Thus, they need an aggressive intervention even when they are less than 7 mm in size. The technical difficulties that arise in their management are based on their location along the length and circumference of the ACA. Accordingly, they have been variously classified in literature. Their intimate relationship to the medial lenticulostriate perforators and the recurrent artery of Heubner is the prime factor in determining the surgical or endovascular strategy and outcome. These aneurysms are commonly associated with vascular anomalies, needing a thorough interpretation of preoperative angiograms. Though there are many series reporting the clinical features and management outcome of proximal ACA aneurysms, all are limited by a small sample size due to the rarity of the pathology. In this article, the pertinent literature related to the surgical nuances associated with dealing with A1 segment aneurysms is reviewed. The clinical presentation, associated anatomical characteristics, microsurgical management, role of endovascular therapy, and outcome are discussed.
Sustaining Joy in Serious Neurologic Illnesses
Authors: Seshadri Sandhya , Hauser Joshua , Kluger Benzi M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe goals of medicine tend to be framed around addressing suffering, pathology, and functional deficits. While this is a natural orientation when dealing with serious illness, it is also incomplete and neglects significant opportunities to improve the quality of life of patients, families, and clinicians. The “total enjoyment of life” is a multidimensional framework that can serve as a positive counterbalance to the “total pain of illness.” It allows clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to take a systematic and comprehensive approach to the active promotion of well-being. The five opportunities for enhancing well-being in this framework are meaning, social connections, happiness/contentment, spiritual transcendence, and pleasure. Applying these concepts in clinical settings, patients, families, and clinicians can together find opportunities to increase the total enjoyment of life in the face of incurable and intractable illnesses. For family care partners, these concepts can be applied to improve self-care, enhance relationships, and develop more creative approaches to supporting a loved one living with illness. Clinicians working with these concepts may find their clinical work more satisfying and impactful and can also apply these concepts to their own lives to increase wellness. In clinical research, this framework can be applied to improve intervention effectiveness and relevance of outcome measures. Lastly, these concepts have the potential to impact public health approaches that focus on well-being and flourishing as the goal and metric of a healthy society.
Design of 1.1T/300 mm Bitter-type magnet for gyro-traveling-wave tube with power consumption optimization theory
Authors: Dai Xinge , Yao Yelei , Feng Chengzhen , Liu Guo , Jiang Wei , Tang Zeping , Wu Xu , Wang Jianxun , Luo Yong 
Published: August 2024

To improve the portability of magnets in gyrotron devices, we designed a compact Bitter-type magnet with power consumption optimization theory. This magnet operates at room temperature in a small volume. The theory revises existing electromagnetic theory for non-uniform structural Bitter-type magnets and achieves the lowest energy consumption through iterative optimization. To extend the magnetic field homogeneity region, the ferromagnetic material armature is applied to the Bitter-type system without additional power consumption. Unlike previous manual designs, the proposed Bitter-type magnets can obtain optimal parameters with a significant reduction in computing time. Through the introduction of correction factors, we improve accuracy through multiple verifications of simulations and experiments. On this basis, a room-temperature Bitter-type magnet system for Ka-band fundamental mode gyrotron amplifiers is designed. Its maximum magnetic field strength is 1.1 T, and the length of the homogeneity region is 300 mm. Through optimization, its energy consumption is only 27.5 kW.
Experimental molecular structures in the gas phase at the upper size limit: The case of Si6Tip6
Authors: Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Heider Yannic , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: August 2024

Currently, the largest (ramax = 19.9 Å) and by far the most complicated (234 atoms, C1 symmetry, 696 independent geometrical parameters, and 27 261 interatomic terms) experimental molecular structure of a cage-type Si6Tip6 (Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) isomer has been investigated in the gas phase by the electron diffraction method (Tav = 645 K) supplemented with theoretical simulations. A detailed analysis of the current possibilities for experimentally investigating large molecular structures is performed. A series of density functional theory approximations and the role of dispersion interactions have been benchmarked using the obtained data. Based on the refined geometry of Si6Tip6, various quantum-chemical methods have been applied for the investigation of the electronic structure of its Si6 core. In particular, natural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, interacting quantum atoms, fractional occupation number weighted density, and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods were utilized. The diradical character of the molecule has been assessed by the UHF and CASSCF approximations. The problem of bonding between the hemispheroidal silicon atoms has been investigated.
Sheep performance and forage quality in grass-legume pastures with different canopy heights
Authors: Batista Ana Carolina Lopes , Barbosa Cristina Maria Pacheco , Penteado Lucas Ferreira , Ongaro Ana Flavia Bastos , Costa Ricardo Lopes Dias da , Simili Flavia Fernanda , Ribeiro Enilson Geraldo , Mattos Waldssimiler Teixeira de , Gerdes Luciana , Gimenes Flavia Maria de Andrade 
Published: August 2024

Context Canopy height is an important grazing management tool in grass and multispecies pastures. Aim To evaluate the effect of different canopy heights on the nutritional value of forage and animal productivity in pastures formed by Aruana guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana) combined legumes [Macrotyloma (Macrotyloma axillare), Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) and Stylo (Stylosanthes macrocephala + Stylosanthes caweedstata)] managed under continuous stocking with sheep. Methods The treatments consisted of four forage canopy heights (15, 30, 45 and 60 cm) in a randomised block design with four replicates, totalling 16 experimental units (paddocks). The following parameters were assessed: total herbage mass, proportion of botanical and morphological components in samples obtained by grazing simulation, nutritional value and digestibility of forage, animal performance, stocking rate, and animal productivity. Key results Herbage mass was higher in taller pastures (45–60 cm; P < 0.0001). The proportion of legumes in herbage mass increased throughout the experimental period (P < 0.0001), and the highest proportion of legumes in the grazing simulation was observed in autumn (P < 0.0001). Pastures measuring 15 cm had a higher crude protein content (P < 0.0001), but the average daily weight gain was higher (P = 0.0404) in pastures maintained at 30 and 45 cm (100.3 and 87.4 ± 11.44 g/animal day−1, respectively). Stocking rate (P < 0.0001) and animal productivity (P = 0.0267) were lower in 60-cm pastures. Conclusion Multispecies pastures of Aruana guineagrass combined with Macrotyloma, Calopo and Stylo forage legumes should be managed at 15–45 cm under continuous stocking. Implications This study provides an option for combining forage species in intercropped tropical pastures, and indicates a range of pasture heights that will ensure animal productivity and pasture sustainability.