bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frames with unique global and local imperfection in the shape of the elastic buckling mode (Part 2)
Authors: Chladný Eugen , Stujberová Magdalena 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the procedure for members with a tapered section and/or non‐uniform distribution of the compression force along their length. The arrangement of formulas from part 1 (s. last issue of “Stahlbau”) for arch structures with mutually inclined arches is shown too. Numerical examples in this part demonstrate a wide field of applications for the hinit,m imperfection, also for cases where other methods allowed for in EN1993‐1‐1:2005 and in EN1999‐1‐1:2005 are not applicable or can be used only as an approximation. The abbreviation hinit,m imperfection is used for equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection.Stabwerke mit einmaliger globaler und lokaler Imperfektion in der Form der elastischen Knickfigur (Teil 2). In diesem Beitrag wird das Verfahren für Bauteile mit veränderlichem Querschnitt und/oder mit ungleichmäßiger Druckbelastung vorgestellt sowie die Formeln für Tragwerke mit schräg zueinander stehenden Bögen. Numerische Beispiele in diesem Beitrag zeigen ein weites Anwendungsfeld der hinit,m Imperfektion, auch für Fälle, in welchen die in EN1993‐1‐1:2005 und in EN1999‐1‐1:2005 vorgesehenen Methoden nicht oder nur als eine Approximation verwendbar sind.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Festigkeit von laserstrahl‐MSG‐hybridgeschweißten Verbindungen bei Blechdicken bis zu 40 mm
Authors: Kranz Bernd , Neubert Jan , Wetzel Gloria 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDas Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißen bietet gegenüber konventionellen Schweißverfahren Potenzial, die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Schweißens durch eine Reihe werkstofftechnischer sowie nahtgestalterischer Besonderheiten zu verbessern. Untersuchungen dieses Verfahrens beschränkten sich für Stahl bisher auf den Blechdickenbereich zwischen 6 mm und ca. 12 mm. Im Stahl‐, Behälter‐, Fahrzeug‐ oder Schiffsbau sind aber auch Bauteile größerer Wanddicke von Interesse. Diese werden derzeit unter Nutzung des Unterpulverschweißprozesses unter hohen Aufwendungen für Energie, Zusatzwerkstoff und Arbeitszeit gefertigt. Gegenstand dieses Projektes waren Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Verringerung des Nahtvolumens und der Streckenenergie durch das Hybridschweißen auf die Entstehung von Eigenspannungen sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Blechen mit großer Wanddicke. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass mit dem Hybridprozess vergleichbare und bessere Verbindungsqualitäten durch das Wurzel‐/Gegenlageschweißen gegenüber dem reinen UP‐Schweißen bei Blechdicken von 40 mm erreicht wurden.Influences on the strength of laser GMA hybrid welded joints in the case of sheet thicknesses to 40 mm. The laser GMA hybrid welding offers capabilities to improve the economy of welding compared to conventional welding processes due to characteristics concerning material and seam design. Researches of this process were restricted to a sheet thickness range between 6 mm and 12 mm for steel. But especially for steel‐, container‐, vehicle‐ or ship‐engineering structures (components) with large wall thicknesses are of interest. These structures are currently welded by using the submerged arc welding process with a high effort of energy, welding material and working time. The object of this project was the determination of the influence of the reduction of weld volume and energy per unit length of weld on the formation of residual stresses and their effects on the fatigue strength of hybrid welded sheets with large wall thicknesses. In result better qualities with regard to fatigue strength and toughness for hybrid welded joints has been achieved compared to submerged arc welded joints for wall thicknesses of 40 mm.
Größeneinflüsse bei der Windbeanspruchung:
Authors: Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBei großflächigen Stahlleichtbauten wird die Windeinwirkung nicht nur für Dach‐ und Außenwandbauteile bemessungsrelevant, sondern auch für die Unterkonstruktion. Hohe Soglasten in Kombination mit großen Horizontalkräften infolge Wind erfordern schwere Gründungen. Bei einer mehrschiffigen Halle z. B. mit einem Grundriss von 384 m × 400 m (Raster: 9,6 m × 4 m) sind über 90 % aller Fundamente Innenfundamente. Hier kann mit zutreffenden Lastansätzen ein erhebliches Einsparpotential aktiviert werden.Der Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐4 [1] sieht auch für nicht schwingungsanfällige, flache Bauwerke die Möglichkeit zur Berücksichtigung von Größeneinflüssen vor. In diesem Beitrag werden die Strukturbeiwerte cscd und die Luv‐Lee‐Korrelation vorgestellt und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert. Die Berücksichtigung von Größeneinflüssen bei der Windbeanspruchung wird in anderen europäischen Ländern bereits seit langem praktiziert. In der neuen ISO 4354 [7] werden die beiden Einflüsse bestätigt. In Deutschland dagegen wurde der Größeneinfluss nach DIN 1055‐4:2005 [8] nur im Böenreaktionsfaktor G und zusammen mit Kraftbeiwerten und mittleren Geschwindigkeitsdrücken für schwingungsanfällige Systeme verwendet, oder er musste ebenso wie die Luv‐Lee‐Korrelation in aufwändigen winddynamischen Gutachten nachgewiesen werden.Size influence on wind actions according to EN 1991‐1‐4: Structural factor cscd for shallow buildings. For steel buildings with large floor areas, the wind action is not only design relevant for the roof and outside wall components, but also for the substructure. High suction in combination with large horizontal forces due to wind require heavy foundations. For a multi‐bay low rise building with a floor size of for example 384 m × 400 m (9.6 m × 4 m grid), more than 90 % of all foundations are internal. Appreciable savings can be achieved here by applying appropriate loads.The Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐4 [1] also allows the possibility of considering the size influence for shallow buildings that are not susceptible to vibrations. This publication discusses the structural factor cscd and the windward‐leeward correlation and their application possibilities. The size influence for wind actions has long been applied in other European countries. The new ISO 4354 [7] has now established both influences for use in design. However, in Germany, the size influence in DIN 1055‐4: 2005 [8] has until now only been considered in the gust reaction factor G and together with force factors and average velocity pressures for structures susceptible to vibrations, or substantiated in elaborate wind dynamic expert reports, just as for the windward‐leeward correlation.
Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE): a novel method for rapid, simple, and automatic examination of the fetal heart
Authors: Yeo Lami , Romero Roberto 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe a novel method (Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE)) for visualization of standard fetal echocardiography views from volume datasets obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and application of ‘intelligent navigation’ technology.MethodsWe developed a method to: 1) demonstrate nine cardiac diagnostic planes; and 2) spontaneously navigate the anatomy surrounding each of the nine cardiac diagnostic planes (Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance (VIS‐Assistance®)). The method consists of marking seven anatomical structures of the fetal heart. The following echocardiography views are then automatically generated: 1) four chamber; 2) five chamber; 3) left ventricular outflow tract; 4) short‐axis view of great vessels/right ventricular outflow tract; 5) three vessels and trachea; 6) abdomen/stomach; 7) ductal arch; 8) aortic arch; and 9) superior and inferior vena cava. The FINE method was tested in a separate set of 50 STIC volumes of normal hearts (18.6–37.2 weeks of gestation), and visualization rates for fetal echocardiography views using diagnostic planes and/or VIS‐Assistance® were calculated. To examine the feasibility of identifying abnormal cardiac anatomy, we tested the method in four cases with proven congenital heart defects (coarctation of aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum).ResultsIn normal cases, the FINE method was able to generate nine fetal echocardiography views using: 1) diagnostic planes in 78–100% of cases; 2) VIS‐Assistance® in 98–100% of cases; and 3) a combination of diagnostic planes and/or VIS‐Assistance® in 98–100% of cases. In all four abnormal cases, the FINE method demonstrated evidence of abnormal fetal cardiac anatomy.ConclusionsThe FINE method can be used to visualize nine standard fetal echocardiography views in normal hearts by applying ‘intelligent navigation’ technology to STIC volume datasets. This method can simplify examination of the fetal heart and reduce operator dependency. The observation of abnormal echocardiography views in the diagnostic planes and/or VIS‐Assistance® should raise the index of suspicion for congenital heart disease. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
A unified spectrum sensing and throughput analysis model in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Hsu Ming‐Fong , Wang Tsang‐Yi , Yu Chao‐Tang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) is a newly developed technology for increasing spectral efficiency in wireless communication systems. In the CR networks, there exist two traditional spectrum‐sharing technologies called spectrum overlay and spectrum underlay. A new hybrid overlay/underlay paradigm has also been discussed in the literature. In this work, we create a unified spectrum sensing and throughput analysis model, which is suitable for overlay, underlay, and hybrid overlay/underlay paradigms in the CR networks. In the proposed model, the energy detection scheme is employed for the spectrum sensing in the network in which the co‐channel interference is present among primary users and secondary users (SUs). The SUs' throughput in the proposed CR system model is then analyzed. The simulations are also carried out for demonstrating the performance of overlay, underlay, and hybrid overlay/underlay paradigms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A decision tree cognitive routing scheme for cognitive radio mesh networks
Authors: Soltani Soroor , Mutka Matt W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRouting in a cognitive radio network operating in a dynamic environment is a complex decision problem. Diversity in the number of available spectrum bands and their stability, in addition to the secondary users' heterogeneities, affect the consequence of the routing decision. We use a decision theory framework to model the problem of routing under uncertainties involved in a cognitive radio network. A utility function is designed to capture the effect of spectrum measurement, fluctuation of bandwidth availability, and path quality. A node cognitively decides its best candidate among its neighbors by utilizing a decision tree. Each branch of the tree is quantified by the utility function and a posterior probability distribution that predicts the suitability of available neighbors. In decision tree cognitive routing (DTCR), nodes learn their operational environment and adapt their decision‐making accordingly. We compared our scheme with the optimal performance in a highly dynamic environment and local coordination‐based routing and spectrum assignment protocol [1]. Our results show that the DTCR tends to perform near optimum. It easily adapts to environmental dynamics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DEGRO practical guidelines: radiotherapy of breast cancer I
Authors: Sedlmayer F. , Sautter-Bihl M.-L. , Budach W. , Dunst J. , Fastner G. , Feyer P. , Fietkau R. , Haase W. , Harms W. , Souchon R. , Wenz F. , Sauer R. ,   Breast Cancer Expert Panel of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background and purpose
The aim of the present paper is to update the practical guidelines for postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer published in 2007 by the breast cancer expert panel of the German Society for Radiooncology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie, DEGRO). The present recommendations are based on a revision of the German interdisciplinary S-3 guidelines published in July 2012.

Methods
A comprehensive survey of the literature concerning radiotherapy following breast conserving therapy (BCT) was performed using the search terms “breast cancer”, “radiotherapy”, and “breast conserving therapy”. Data from lately published meta-analyses, recent randomized trials, and guidelines of international breast cancer societies, yielding new aspects compared to 2007, provided the basis for defining recommendations according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. In addition to the more general statements of the DKG (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft), this paper addresses indications, target definition, dosage, and technique of radiotherapy of the breast after conservative surgery for invasive breast cancer.

Results
Among numerous reports on the effect of radiotherapy during BCT published since the last recommendations, the recent EBCTCG report builds the largest meta-analysis so far available. In a 15 year follow-up on 10,801 patients, whole breast irradiation (WBI) halves the average annual rate of disease recurrence (RR 0.52, 0.48–0.56) and reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about one sixth (RR 0.82, 0.75–0.90), with a similar proportional, but different absolute benefit in prognostic subgroups (EBCTCG 2011).
Furthermore, there is growing evidence that risk-adapted dose augmentation strategies to the tumor bed as well as the implementation of high precision RT techniques (e.g., intraoperative radiotherapy) contribute substantially to a further reduction of local relapse rates. A main focus of ongoing research lies in partial breast irradiation strategies as well as WBI hypofractionation schedules. The potential of both in replacing normofractionated WBI has not yet been finally clarified.

Conclusion
After breast conserving surgery, no subgroup even in low risk patients has yet been identified for whom radiotherapy can be safely omitted without compromising local control and, hence, cancer-specific survival. In most patients, this translates into an overall survival benefit.
Endometrial polyp size and polyp hyperplasia
Authors: Lasmar Bernardo P. , Lasmar Ricardo B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation between the size of endometrial polyps and the histopathologic diagnosis of hyperplasia or cancer.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using databases of the outpatient clinic at Antonio Pedro University Hospital in Niterói, Brazil, and of a private hysteroscopy service. The analysis included 1136 asymptomatic patients with an endometrial polyp identified on hysteroscopy, with pathologic examination, during the period 1999–2012. The polyp size, the patients' age, the indication for hysteroscopic examination, and the use of hormone medication were compared with the finding of hyperplasia in the pathologic examination.ResultsOnly polyp size showed statistical significance among the variables analyzed (P < 0.05). Endometrial polyps greater than 15 mm showed a hyperplasia rate of 14.8%, compared with 7.7% in the group with smaller polyps (P < 0.05).ConclusionEndometrial polyps measuring more than 15 mm were associated with hyperplasia.
Examining IQ among a clinical sample of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder over time
Authors: Barry M. , Moran A. , Anglim M. , Conway E. V. , Guerin S. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe cognitive functioning of children who received a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) during the preschool years was assessed at the time of diagnosis (Time 1) and reassessed, on average, 3 years and 5 months later (Time 2).MethodA total of 50 children were assessed (76% male, n = 38); the group had an average age of 4 years 3 months at Time 1 and 7 years 8 months at Time 2.ResultsThere was a significant positive relationship (r = 0.791, p < 0.01) between the group's Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ)/Developmental Quotient (DQ) at Time 1 and at Time 2. Results indicated a significant increase in FSIQ/DQ over time for the total group and for both the High Functioning (IQ ⩾ 70) and Low Functioning (IQ < 70) groups. Of the total samples, 32% showed a clinically significant change in FSIQ/DQ of 15 points or more from Time 1 to Time 2. When age at Time 1 was included as a covariate, no significant difference was identified for change in FSIQ over time. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic convection in the rotating cylindrical annulus with steeply sloping endwalls
Authors: Calkins Michael A. , Julien Keith , Marti Philippe 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe rotating cylindrical annulus geometry was first developed by Busse (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 44, 1970, pp. 441–460) as a simplified analogue for studying convection in rapidly rotating spherical geometries. Although it has provided a more tractable two-dimensional model than the sphere, it is formally limited to asymptotically small slopes and thus weak velocities in the direction parallel to the rotation axis. We present an asymptotically reduced three-dimensional equation set to model quasi-geostrophic convection in the annulus geometry where order-one slopes are permissible; this model provides a closer analogue to quasi-geostrophic convection in spheres and spherical shells where steeply sloping boundaries are present. A linear stability analysis of the reduced equations shows that a new class of three-dimensional, convectively driven Rossby waves is present in this system. The gravest modes exhibit strong axial variations as the slope of the boundaries becomes large. In addition, higher-order eigenmodes showing increasingly complex axial dependence are found that possess critical Rayleigh numbers close to that of the gravest mode.
Coherent Lagrangian vortices: the black holes of turbulence
Authors: Haller G. , Beron-Vera F. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe introduce a simple variational principle for coherent material vortices in two-dimensional turbulence. Vortex boundaries are sought as closed stationary curves of the averaged Lagrangian strain. Solutions to this problem turn out to be mathematically equivalent to photon spheres around black holes in cosmology. The fluidic photon spheres satisfy explicit differential equations whose outermost limit cycles are optimal Lagrangian vortex boundaries. As an application, we uncover super-coherent material eddies in the South Atlantic, which yield specific Lagrangian transport estimates for Agulhas rings.
Vorticity moments in four numerical simulations of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Donzis Diego A. , Gibbon John D. , Gupta Anupam , Kerr Robert M. , Pandit Rahul , Vincenzi Dario 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe issue of intermittency in numerical solutions of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations on a periodic box ${[0, L] }^{3} $ is addressed through four sets of numerical simulations that calculate a new set of variables defined by ${D}_{m} (t)= {({ \varpi }_{0}^{- 1} {\Omega }_{m} )}^{{\alpha }_{m} } $ for $1\leq m\leq \infty $ where ${\alpha }_{m} = 2m/ (4m- 3)$ and ${[{\Omega }_{m} (t)] }^{2m} = {L}^{- 3} \int \nolimits _{\mathscr{V}} {\vert \boldsymbol{\omega} \vert }^{2m} \hspace{0.167em} \mathrm{d} V$ with ${\varpi }_{0} = \nu {L}^{- 2} $. All four simulations unexpectedly show that the ${D}_{m} $ are ordered for $m= 1, \ldots , 9$ such that ${D}_{m+ 1} \lt {D}_{m} $. Moreover, the ${D}_{m} $ squeeze together such that ${D}_{m+ 1} / {D}_{m} \nearrow 1$ as $m$ increases. The values of ${D}_{1} $ lie far above the values of the rest of the ${D}_{m} $, giving rise to a suggestion that a depletion of nonlinearity is occurring which could be the cause of Navier–Stokes regularity. The first simulation is of very anisotropic decaying turbulence; the second and third are of decaying isotropic turbulence from random initial conditions and forced isotropic turbulence at fixed Grashof number respectively; the fourth is of very-high-Reynolds-number forced, stationary, isotropic turbulence at up to resolutions of $409{6}^{3} $.
Coupled systems of two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Salmon Rick 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOrdinary two-dimensional turbulence corresponds to a Hamiltonian dynamics that conserves energy and the vorticity on fluid particles. This paper considers coupled systems of two-dimensional turbulence with three distinct governing dynamics. One is a Hamiltonian dynamics that conserves the vorticity on fluid particles and a quantity analogous to the energy that causes the system members to develop a strong correlation in velocity. The other two dynamics considered are non-Hamiltonian. One conserves the vorticity on particles but has no conservation law analogous to energy conservation; the other conserves energy and enstrophy but it does not conserve the vorticity on fluid particles. The coupled Hamiltonian system behaves like two-dimensional turbulence, even to the extent of forming isolated coherent vortices. The other two dynamics behave very differently, but the behaviours of all four dynamics are accurately predicted by the methods of equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Neither Proof Text nor Proverb: The Instrumental Sense of διά and the Soteriological Function of Fire in 1 Corinthians 3.15
Authors: Frayer-Griggs Daniel 
Published: September 2013

According to the prevailing interpretation of 1 Cor 3.15, the phrase διὰ πυρός must be taken in the local sense, and the fire of vv. 13 and 15 plays no soteriological function. This article contests this reading, arguing that Paul's probable allusion to Mal 3 and his reference to the testing function of fire may imply refining as well. More importantly, it demonstrates that whereas the phrase διὰ πυρός is indeterminate and may take either the local or the instrumental sense, nearly every other instance of the construction σῴζω + διά + genitive in the relevant Greek literature has an instrumental sense.
On the growth mode of two-lobed curvilinear graphene domains at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Kumar Kitu , Yang Eui-Hyeok 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of 2-lobed symmetrical curvilinear graphene domains specifically on Cu{100} surface orientations at atmospheric pressure. We utilize electron backscattered diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to determine an as-yet unexplored growth mode producing such a shape and demonstrate how its growth and morphology are dependent on the underlying Cu crystal structure especially in the high CH4:H2 regime. We show that both monolayer and bilayer curvilinear domains are grown on Cu{100} surfaces; furthermore, we show that characteristic atmospheric pressure CVD hexagonal domains are grown on all other Cu facets with an isotropic growth rate which is more rapid than that on Cu{100}. These findings indicate that the Cu-graphene complex is predominant mechanistically at atmospheric pressure, which is an important step towards tailoring graphene properties via substrate engineering.