bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Priorities for Data Collection and Management Within Global Acute and Emergency Care Systems
Authors: Reynolds Teri A. , Bisanzo Mark , Dworkis Daniel , Hansoti Bhakti , Obermeyer Ziad , Seidenberg Phil , Hauswald Mark , Mowafi Hani 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBarriers to global emergency care development include a critical lack of data in several areas, including limited documentation of the acute disease burden, lack of agreement on essential components of acute care systems, and a lack of consensus on key analytic elements, such as diagnostic classification schemes and regionally appropriate metrics for impact evaluation. These data gaps obscure the profound health effects of lack of emergency care access in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). As part of the Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Global Health and Emergency Care: A Research Agenda,” a breakout group sought to develop a priority research agenda for data collection and management within global emergency care systems.
Global Health and Emergency Care: A Resuscitation Research Agenda—Part 2
Authors: Hock Ong Marcus Eng , Aufderheide Tom P. , Nichol Graham , Bobrow Bentley J. , Bossaert Leo , Cameron Peter , Finn Judith , Jacobs Ian , Koster Rudolph W. , McNally Bryan , Ng Yih Yng , Shin Sang Do , Sopko George , Tanaka Hideharu , Iwami Taku , Hauswald Mark 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAt the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine global health consensus conference, a breakout session to develop a research agenda for resuscitation was held. Two articles are the result of that discussion. This second article addresses data collection, management, and analysis and regionalization of postresuscitation care, resuscitation programs, and research examples around the world and proposes a strategy to strengthen resuscitation research globally. There is a need for reliable global statistics on resuscitation, international standardization of data, and development of an electronic standard for reporting data. Regionalization of postresuscitation care is a priority area for future research. Large resuscitation clinical research networks are feasible and can give valuable data for improvement of service and outcomes. Low‐cost models of population‐based research, and emphasis on interventional and implementation studies that assess the clinical effects of programs and interventions, are needed to determine the most cost‐effective strategies to improve outcomes. The global challenge is how to adapt research findings to a developing world situation to have an effect internationally.
Accounting and Finance: authorship and citation trends
Authors: Gaunt Clive 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAccounting and Finance (A&F ) has experienced a surge in published research in the last decade. The analysis here reveals a marked increase in the number of published articles in A&F since 2003, a distinct trend for published papers to have a larger number of authors, a significant and stable contribution by the top 5 Australian accounting/finance departments, as well as a notable increase in contribution from non‐US foreign universities, particularly those located in the UK, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore and Spain. An analysis of citations indicates the increasing impact of A&F in recent years.
Emotional graphic cigarette warning labels reduce the electrophysiological brain response to smoking cues
Authors: Wang An‐Li , Romer Dan , Elman Igor , Turetsky Bruce I. , Gur Ruben C. , Langleben Daniel D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThere is an ongoing public debate about the new graphic warning labels (GWLs) that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposes to place on cigarette packs. Tobacco companies argued that the strongly emotional images FDA proposed to include in the GWLs encroached on their constitutional rights. The court ruled that FDA did not provide sufficient scientific evidence of compelling public interest in such encroachment. This study's objectives were to examine the effects of the GWLs on the electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of smoking addiction and to determine whether labels rated higher on the emotional reaction (ER) scale are associated with greater effects. We studied 25 non‐treatment‐seeking smokers. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants viewed a random sequence of paired images, in which visual smoking (Cues) or non‐smoking (non‐Cues) images were preceded by GWLs or neutral images. Participants reported their cigarette craving after viewing each pair. Dependent variables were magnitude of P300 ERPs and self‐reported cigarette craving in response to Cues. We found that subjective craving response to Cues was significantly reduced by preceding GWLs, whereas the P300 amplitude response to Cues was reduced only by preceding GWLs rated high on the ER scale. In conclusion, our study provides experimental neuroscience evidence that weighs in on the ongoing public and legal debate about how to balance the constitutional and public health aspects of the FDA‐proposed GWLs. The high toll of smoking‐related illness and death adds urgency to the debate and prompts consideration of our findings while longitudinal studies of GWLs are underway.
Nonparametric Tests of Associations with Disease Based on U‐Statistics
Authors: Jin Lina , Zhu Wensheng , Yu Yaqin , Kou Changgui , Meng Xiangfei , Tao Yuchun , Guo Jianhua 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn case‐control studies, association analysis was designed to test whether genetic variants were associated with human diseases. To evaluate the association, analysing one genetic marker at a time suffered from weak power, because of the correction for multiple testing and possibly small genetic effects. An alternative strategy was to test simultaneous effects of multiple markers, which was believed to be more powerful. However, when the number of markers under investigation was large, they would be subjected to weak power as well, because of the greater degrees of freedom. To conquer these limitations in case‐control studies, we proposed a novel method that could test joint association of several loci (i.e. haplotype), with only a single degree of freedom. In this research, we developed a nonparametric approach, which was based on U‐statistics. We also introduced a new kernel for U‐statistic, which could combine the haplotype structure information, and was expected to enhance the power. Simulations indicated that our proposed approach offered merits in identifying the associations between diseases and haplotypes. Application of our method to a study of candidate genes for internalising disorder illustrated its virtue in utility and interpretation, and provided an excellent result in detecting the associations.
Effect of systematic local infiltration analgesia on postoperative pain in vaginal hysterectomy: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hristovska Ana‐Marija , Kristensen Billy B. , Rasmussen Marianne A. , Rasmussen Yvonne H. , Elving Lisbeth B. , Nielsen Christian V. , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of systematic local infiltration analgesia on postoperative pain in vaginal hysterectomy, and describe the technique in detail.DesignA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study following the CONSORT criteria.SettingA university hospital.PatientsThirty‐seven patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy.MethodsPatients received high‐volume (50 mL) ropivacaine 0.50% (n = 20) or saline (n = 17) infiltration using a systematic technique ensuring uniform delivery to all tissues incised, handled or instrumented during the procedure.Main outcome measuresPain, nausea, vomiting and opioid requirements were assessed for 32 h as well as time spent in the post‐anesthesia care unit and time to first mobilization.ResultsPain at rest was significantly reduced after one, four and eight hours in the ropivacaine group (p ≤ 0.001–0.01). Pain during coughing was significantly reduced after one and four hours (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.003), and pain during movement was significantly reduced after four hours (p ≤ 0.02). Opioid requirements and time spent in the post‐anesthesia care unit were significantly reduced in the ropivacaine group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), as well as the time to first mobilization (p < 0.001).ConclusionIntra‐operative systematic local infiltration analgesia reduces postoperative pain in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, facilities mobilization and improves early recovery.
Diagnostic features of community‐acquired pneumonia in children: what's new?
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Venturini Elisabetta , Galli Luisa , Novelli Vas , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo critically summarise the available data on diagnosis of CAP in children, focusing on the newest findings and on the need for new studies.MethodsEighty studies on the diagnosis of paediatric community‐acquired pneumonia were scrutinised.ResultsWe found no significant associations between the signs or symptoms and aetiology of pneumonia and concluded that chest radiographs remain controversial and real‐time polymerase chain reaction appears more sensitive than blood cultures.ConclusionAntibiotic overuse could make it difficult to differentiate viral and bacterial causes. Molecular methods provide promising tools for diagnosing infection by atypical bacteria, but are expensive and should be used selectively.
Advancing biomarker research: utilizing ‘Big Data’ approaches for the characterization and prevention of bipolar disorder
Authors: McIntyre Roger S , Cha Danielle S , Jerrell Jeanette M , Swardfager Walter , Kim Rachael D , Costa Leonardo G , Baskaran Anusha , Soczynska Joanna K , Woldeyohannes Hanna O , Mansur Rodrigo B , Brietzke Elisa , Powell Alissa M , Gallaugher Ashley , Kudlow Paul , Kaidanovich‐Beilin Oksana , Alsuwaidan Mohammad 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo provide a strategic framework for the prevention of bipolar disorder (BD) that incorporates a ‘Big Data’ approach to risk assessment for BD.MethodsComputerized databases (e.g., Pubmed, PsychInfo, and MedlinePlus) were used to access English‐language articles published between 1966 and 2012 with the search terms bipolar disorder, prodrome, ‘Big Data’, and biomarkers cross‐referenced with genomics/genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors, cytokines, cognition, neurocognition, and neuroimaging. Papers were selected from the initial search if the primary outcome(s) of interest was (were) categorized in any of the following domains: (i) ‘omics’ (e.g., genomics), (ii) molecular, (iii) neuroimaging, and (iv) neurocognitive.ResultsThe current strategic approach to identifying individuals at risk for BD, with an emphasis on phenotypic information and family history, has insufficient predictive validity and is clinically inadequate. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of BD, as well as its pathoetiological complexity, suggests that it is unlikely that a single biomarker (or an exclusive biomarker approach) will sufficiently augment currently inadequate phenotypic‐centric prediction models. We propose a ‘Big Data’‐ bioinformatics approach that integrates vast and complex phenotypic, anamnestic, behavioral, family, and personal ‘omics’ profiling. Bioinformatic processing approaches, utilizing cloud‐ and grid‐enabled computing, are now capable of analyzing data on the order of tera‐, peta‐, and exabytes, providing hitherto unheard of opportunities to fundamentally revolutionize how psychiatric disorders are predicted, prevented, and treated. High‐throughput networks dedicated to research on, and the treatment of, BD, integrating both adult and younger populations, will be essential to sufficiently enroll adequate samples of individuals across the neurodevelopmental trajectory in studies to enable the characterization and prevention of this heterogeneous disorder.ConclusionsAdvances in bioinformatics using a ‘Big Data’ approach provide an opportunity for novel insights regarding the pathoetiology of BD. The coordinated integration of research centers, inclusive of mixed‐age populations, is a promising strategic direction for advancing this line of neuropsychiatric research.
Nestin expression throughout multistep pathogenesis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Svachova Hana , Kryukov Fedor , Kryukova Elena , Sevcikova Sabina , Nemec Pavel , Greslikova Henrieta , Rihova Lucie , Kubiczkova Lenka , Hajek Roman 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe stem cell marker nestin (NES) is found in dividing cells of developing and regenerating tissues. Upon terminal differentiation, NES expression is diminished but may be re‐expressed following injury or in cancer. Surprisingly, we recently confirmed NES as a tumour‐specific marker for mature CD138+38+ plasma cells (PC) in multiple myeloma (MM). The present study analysed NES expression throughout the spectrum of MM developmental stages, starting with individuals with no haematological malignancy, through monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM to plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) and MM cell lines. NES was analysed in bone marrow PC of 163 MM, four PCL and nine MGUS patients, 10 individuals with no haematological malignancy and 6 myeloma cell lines (OPM‐2, RPMI‐8226, MOLP‐8, U‐266, EJM, NCI‐H929) by flow cytometry and/or real‐time polymerase chain reaction or immunochemistry. We observed a tendency of increased NES expression in parallel with disease progression. NES was evaluated as a reliable marker for accurate discrimination between MM patients and the control group. High NES levels were strongly associated with the presence of 1q21 gain. For the first time, NES was demonstrated to predict worse response to conventional therapy/novel agents. These results suggest that NES might become a useful clinical parameter with an important role in MM pathogenesis.
Vascular targets for cannabinoids: animal and human studies
Authors: Stanley Christopher , O'Sullivan Saoirse E 
Published: December 2013

Application of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids to perfused vascular beds or individual isolated arteries results in changes in vascular resistance. In most cases, the result is vasorelaxation, although vasoconstrictor responses are also observed. Cannabinoids also modulate the actions of vasoactive compounds including acetylcholine, methoxamine, angiotensin II and U46619 (thromboxane mimetic). Numerous mechanisms of action have been proposed including receptor activation, potassium channel activation, calcium channel inhibition and the production of vasoactive mediators such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide, prostanoids, NO, endothelial‐derived hyperpolarizing factor and hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence for the range of receptors now known to be activated by cannabinoids. Direct activation by cannabinoids of CB1, CBe, TRPV1 (and potentially other TRP channels) and PPARs in the vasculature has been observed. A potential role for CB2, GPR55 and 5‐HT1A has also been identified in some studies. Indirectly, activation of prostanoid receptors (TP, IP, EP1 and EP4) and the CGRP receptor is involved in the vascular responses to cannabinoids. The majority of this evidence has been obtained through animal research, but recent work has confirmed some of these targets in human arteries. Vascular responses to cannabinoids are enhanced in hypertension and cirrhosis, but are reduced in obesity and diabetes, both due to changes in the target sites of action. Much further work is required to establish the extent of vascular actions of cannabinoids and the application of this research in physiological and pathophysiological situations.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6
Flower and Fruit Availability along a Forest Restoration Gradient
Authors: Garcia Letícia C. , Hobbs Richard J. , Mäes dos Santos Flavio A. , Rodrigues Ricardo R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFrugivores and pollinators are two functional groups of animals that help ensure gene flow of plants among sites in landscapes under restoration and to accelerate restoration processes. Resource availability is postulated to be a key factor to structure animal communities using restoration sites, but it remains poorly studied. We expected that diverse forests with many plant growth forms that have less‐seasonal phenological patterns will provide more resources for animals than forests with fewer plant growth forms and strongly seasonal phenological patterns. We studied forests where original plantings included high tree species diversity. We studied resource provision (richness and abundance of flowers and fruits) of all plant growth forms, in three restoration sites of different ages compared to a reference forest, investigating whether plant phenology changes with restoration process. We recorded phenological data for reproductive plant individuals (351 species) with monthly sampling over 2 years, and found that flower and fruit production have been recovered after one decade of restoration, indicating resource provision for fauna. Our data suggest that a wide range of plant growth forms provides resource complementarities to those of planted tree species. Different flower phenologies between trees and non‐trees seem to be more evident in a forest with high non‐tree species diversity. We recommend examples of ideal species for planting, both at the time of initial planting and post‐planting during enrichment. These management actions can minimize shortage and periods of resource scarcity for frugivorous and nectarivorous fauna, increasing probability of restoring ecological processes and sustainability in restoration sites.
7‐Chloroquinoline–isatin Conjugates: Antimalarial, Antitubercular, and Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Raj Raghu , Biot Christophe , Carrère‐Kremer Séverine , Kremer Laurent , Guérardel Yann , Gut Jiri , Rosenthal Philip J. , Forge Delphine , Kumar Vipan 
Published: December 2013

A series of twenty piperazine‐tethered 7‐chloroquinoline–isatin hybrids have been synthesized via either direct nucleophilic substitution or Cu(Ι)Cl‐mediated Mannich reaction. These new conjugates were evaluated for their antimalarial and antitubercular efficacy against a chloroquine‐resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively, while the cytotoxic profiles were evaluated against 3T6 cell line, a permanent mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. The most potent of the test compound with IC50 of 0.22 μm against W2 strain of P. falciparum and 31.62 μm against the embryonic fibroblast cell line (cytotoxicity) displayed a high selective index of 143.73.
Sporadic hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids showing numerous lesions with restricted diffusivity caused by a novel splice site mutation in the CSF1R gene
Authors: Saitoh Ban‐Yu , Yoshida Kunihiro , Hayashi Shintaro , Yamasaki Ryo , Sato Shinya , Kamada Takashi , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Murai Hiroyuki , Iwaki Toru , Ikeda Shu‐Ichi , Kira Jun‐Ichi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids (HDLS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by cerebral white matter degeneration with axonal spheroids. The disease is caused by mutations in the protein tyrosine kinase domain of colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), encoded by the CSF1R gene on chromosome 5q34. Because of a preferential involvement of the frontal white matter, HDLS usually presents as presenile dementia. Here, we report an atypical case of HDLS mimicking primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). A 22‐year‐old woman had difficulty moving her left leg and hand in April 2011 and January 2012, respectively. These symptoms worsened, resulting in spastic quadriplegia and dysarthria. At first admission to Kyushu University hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, in January 2013, she had forced laughter, dysarthria, and rigidospasticity and hyperreflexia in all four limbs, and bilateral extensor plantar response, whereas her Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 26 out of 30. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests were all normal, except for an elevated myelin basic protein level (294 pg/mL). Brain T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral high‐signal intensity lesions in the parietal and posterior frontal deep white matter. Remarkably, numerous magnetic resonance imaging lesions showed restricted diffusion. Biopsied specimens from the right cerebral deep white matter showed decreased myelin, severe loss of axons with axonal spheroid,s and infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD45+ lymphocytes. She had a heterozygous mutation, c.2,442+1G>A in CSF1R. The present case emphasizes that diagnosis of HDLS should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of PPMS. The presence of periventricular lesions with restricted diffusivity might favor a diagnosis of HDLS.
Ridge expansion alone or in combination with guided bone regeneration to facilitate implant placement in narrow alveolar ridges: a retrospective study
Authors: Tang Yu‐Long , Yuan Jing , Song Ying‐Liang , Ma Wei , Chao Xie , Li De‐Hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of ridge expansion technique in dealing with horizontal bony insufficiency of alveolar ridges for implant placement.Materials and methodsDuring the period 2004–2009, 168 patients with width insufficiency of alveolar ridges were treated using the ridge expansion technique to obtain an improved bony base for implant placement. Depending on the severity of width insufficiency, the surgical procedures were classified into two groups: ridge expansion alone (Group 1) and ridge expansion in combination with guided bone regeneration (Group 2). After 4–6 months of unloaded healing, the implants were restored. The patients were followed up until 2013 with clinical and radiographic examinations.ResultsAmong the 168 patients, 11 patients underwent a fracture of labial/buccal bony plate during surgery, which was corrected by changing the procedure into bone grafting, yielding a surgical failure rate of 6.5%. In the remaining 157 patients successfully treated by ridge expansion alone or in combination with GBR, 226 implants were simultaneously placed as planned. No implant failed over 2.8 years (6 months to 8 years) of follow‐up, yielding a cumulative implant survival rate of 100% in each group. Six implants in Group 1 and 4 implants in Group 2, although osseointegrated and in function, did not fulfill success criteria: Cumulative implants' success rates were 93.2% in Group 1 and 95.6% in Group 2. The mean marginal bone losses during the first year in Group 1 and Group 2 were 0.69 and 0.43 mm, respectively, followed by an annual loss of ~ 0.06 and 0.07 mm, respectively, in the following years. No clinical parameter was abnormal. Twenty‐two (10.4%) implants were exposed to peri‐implant mucositis, whereas 19 (11.0%) implant‐supported restorations were involved in prosthetic complications.ConclusionsThe preliminary results of this retrospective study indicate that ridge expansion alone or in combination with GBR can be considered an effective and safe procedure for treatment of width insufficiency of alveolar ridges on the purpose of implant application.