bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of bone fragments in angled shots: an experimental study conducted on composite models containing artificial bone plates
Authors: Geisenberger Dorothee , Große Perdekamp Markus , Glardon Matthieu , Kromeier Jan , Pollak Stefan , Thierauf-Emberger Annette 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn conventional gunshot injuries to targets containing bone the resulting osseous fragments do not precede but follow the bullet on its further way through adjacent soft tissues. The term “secondary projectiles” for the particles does not appear to be appropriate since they are not believed to have enough energy necessary for creating their own wound channels away from the temporary cavity. Former studies have shown that in angled shots to glass panes the bulk of splinters does not follow the bullet’s trajectory: The majority of the glass fragments, especially the larger ones, move at right angles to the pane shot through. The aim of the presented study was to examine whether osseous fragments behave like glass splinters in angled shots to flat synthetic bone. In this context, it should also be assessed, whether the bone fragments might act as secondary projectiles in rare cases. To answer these questions, test shots were fired to composite models consisting of flat synthetic bone and ballistic gelatin. Pistol cartridges 9 mm Luger were used to fire the shots which were video-documented with a high-speed camera. Afterwards, the composite models underwent CT examination and macroscopic inspection. Video-documentation revealed that the larger bone particles from the perforation site move at a roughly right angle from the osseous sheet into the gelatin, causing an eccentric bulge of the temporary cavity. The smaller bone fragments were also lodged along the bullet’s path, predominantly in the cracks radiating from the permanent wound channel.
Opicapone for the treatment of early wearing-off in levodopa-treated Parkinson’s disease: pooled analysis of patient level data from two randomized open-label studies
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim J. , Lee Jee-Young , Ma Hyeo-il , Jeon Beomseok , Poewe Werner , Antonini Angelo , Stocchi Fabrizio , Rodrigues Daniela M. , Fonseca Miguel M. , Castilla-Fernández Guillermo , Holenz Joerg , Rocha José-Francisco , Rascol Olivier ,   on behalf of the ADOPTION study investigators
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The wearing-off phenomenon is a key driver of medication change for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with levodopa. Common first-line options include increasing the levodopa dose or adding a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, but there are no trials comparing the efficacy of these approaches. We evaluated the effectiveness of adjunct opicapone versus an additional 100 mg levodopa dose in PD patients with early wearing-off using pooled data from 2 randomized studies.

Methods
The ADOPTION study program included two similarly designed 4-week, open-label studies conducted in South Korea (NCT04821687) and Europe (NCT04990284). Patients with PD, treated with 3–4 daily doses of levodopa therapy and with signs of early wearing-off were randomized (1:1) to adjunct opicapone 50 mg or an additional dose of levodopa 100 mg. Patient-level data from the two studies were pooled.

Results
The adjusted mean [SE] change from baseline to week 4 in absolute OFF time (key endpoint) was − 62.8 min [8.8] in the opicapone group and − 33.8 min [9.0] in the levodopa 100 mg group, the difference significantly favoring opicapone (− 29.0 [− 53.8, − 4.2] min, p = 0.02). Significant differences in the Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III subscore (− 4.1 with opicapone vs − 2.5 with levodopa 100 mg), also favored opicapone (− 1.7 [− 3.3, − 0.04], p < 0.05). Dyskinesia was the most frequently reported adverse event (opicapone 7.2% vs. levodopa 100 mg 4.2%).

Conclusions
In these short-term trials, introducing adjunct opicapone was more effective at reducing OFF time than adding another 100 mg levodopa dose in PD patients with early signs of wearing-off.
Klitorisrekonstruktion nach Beschneidung bzw. Verstümmelung der weiblichen Genitalien (FGM/C) – Über die Schwierigkeiten der Evidenzgenerierung und ihre normativen Implikationen für die Beratungspraxis
Authors: Gadebusch Bondio Mariacarla , Lehmann-Solomatin Emilia 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungPraktiken der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung bzw. -beschneidung konfrontieren Ärzt*innen auch in Deutschland mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen. Eine mögliche Interventionsmöglichkeit ist die elektiven Klitorisrekonstruktion zur ästhetischen und physiologischen Rehabilitation nach weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung bzw. -beschneidung. Auch wenn die Studienlage bezüglich der durch Klitorisrekonstruktion erzielten Ergebnisse kontrovers diskutiert wird, steigt das Angebot an Rekonstruktionsoptionen an.Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die epistemischen und ethischen Dimensionen der in den letzten 20 Jahren entstandenen und interdisziplinär geführten Debatte über die Klitorisrekonstruktion kritisch zu beleuchten. Sie soll eine Orientierung in dem komplexen Feld bieten, in dem kulturelle, geschlechtsspezifische, sexuelle und psychosoziale Faktoren mit anatomisch-physiologischem (Un)Wissen interagieren. Die Analyse zeigt die ambivalente Rolle von Evidenz und Evidenzansprüchen in Bezug auf das chirurgische Verfahren der Klitorisrekonstruktion.Schwierigkeiten bei Prüfung und Vergleich der bestehenden chirurgischen Verfahren und bei der Anwendung standardisierter Befragungstools belegen, wie essentiell kulturelle Kompetenz und Diversitätsbewusstsein im Umgang mit Betroffenen sind. Das prima facie korrekte Argument der unzureichenden Evidenz zu Wirkung, Vergleichbarkeit und Langzeitfolgen der Rekonstruktionsverfahren erweist sich aus ethischen und epistemischen Gründen als problematisch. Für die Erzeugung valider und brauchbarer Daten zu Sexualität, Körperwahrnehmung, Schmerz- und Lustempfinden vor und nach einer Klitorisrekonstruktion sind Befragungsmodi nötig, die die kulturell heterogene Zielgruppe der Frauen mit FGM/C adressieren. Auch für eine zielgruppengerechte Aufklärung und Beratung als Bedingung selbstbestimmter Entscheidungen für/gegen eine Klitorisrekonstruktion sind kulturelle Kompetenz und Sensibilität in der Medizin dringend nötig.
First record of Robinia hispida L. (Fabaceae) in South Africa
Authors: Chikowore Gerald , Weyl Philip S. R. , Martin Grant D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe shrub, Robinia hispida L., commonly known as the bristly locust, is a native to southeastern United States. It has, however, expanded its range within North America, and established invasive native-alien populations in several American states and Canada. Outside of North America, R. hispida has been introduced to Europe and Asia, where it has naturalised and is considered invasive. Notably, the presence of this shrub has never been reported outside of cultivation in Africa. Despite receiving little scientific attention compared to its congeneric species such as the global invader Robinia pseudoacacia L., R. hispida shares morphological and growth characteristics including rapid growth and a suckering habit. It occupies similar environmental niches in both native and introduced ranges, thriving in thin upland woodlands, woodland edges, thickets, fence rows, roadside embankments, banks of drainage canals, vacant lots, and overgrown waste areas. In South Africa, R. hispida was first recorded in a garden in Polokwane in 1986, while the first record outside of cultivation was near the town of Bethlehem in the Free State Province in 2023, and further surveys were conducted locating additional populations near the towns of Zastron and Clarens in 2024. The potential distribution of R. hispida in South Africa was modelled in MaxEnt using areas climatically representative of the species, based on the Koppen-Geiger climate classifications. The potential distribution includes areas of central South Africa, the east and south coast and the Mediterranean climates of the southern Cape. Management strategies suggested for R. hispida in South Africa, considering the small size of the populations, should include eradication efforts using mechanical and chemical means, followed by continuous monitoring to prevent re-emergence.
The benefits of ablation using TactiFlex compared with TactiCath in an ex vivo model: a face-to-face experimental comparison study
Authors: Odake Yodo , Tokuyama Takehito , Aonuma Kazutaka , Kuroki Kenji , Inden Yasuya , Furutani Motoki , Okubo Yousaku , Okamura Sho , Miyauchi Shunsuke , Miyamoto Shogo , Oguri Naoto , Uotani Yukimi , Sakai Takumi , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
TactiFlex is a next-generation catheter that is being used increasingly in ablation-treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in ablation lesions when the ablation power, time, and perfusion flow are varied with TactiFlex and TactiCath catheters.

Methods
The TactiFlex and TactiCath catheters were contacted perpendicularly/obliquely/parallel to the swine myocardium at varying powers (30, 40, and 50 W), time points (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 s), and forces (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g); the depth, width, and area of each lesion were measured, and the number of steam pops that occurred was counted.

Results
A total of 672 (336 lesions for each catheter) radiofrequency (RF) energy applications were delivered and 648 lesions were analyzed, excluding steam pops. The surface area and volume increased significantly with an increasing contact force for the TactiCath. The TactiCath lesions were significantly deeper than those for TactiFlex in most groups with the same power and seconds. The surface area was significantly larger when the catheters were contacted obliquely/parallel to the myocardium than perpendicularly using TactiCath, whereas the difference was less significant in the case of TactiFlex. In a 10-g contact force ablation experiment, TactiFlex did not cause pops, but TactiCath caused pops in 9.8% of cases.

Conclusion
The TactiFlex lesions were shallower than those of TactiCath. However, TactiFlex catheters reduced the steam pops during RF applications. Those data should help clinicians understand the characteristics of the catheters and develop adequate strategies.

Graphical abstract
Therapeutic Options of Crystallin Mu and Protein Disulfide Isomerase A3 for Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Hahn Kyu Ri , Kwon Hyun Jung , Kim Dae Won , Hwang In Koo , Yoon Yeo Sung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the changes in hippocampal proteomic profiles during demyelination and remyelination using the cuprizone model. Employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for protein profiling, we observed significant alterations in the expression of ketimine reductase mu-crystallin (CRYM) and protein disulfide isomerase A3 precursor (PDIA3) following exposure to and subsequent withdrawal from cuprizone. Immunohistochemical staining validated these protein expression patterns in the hippocampus, revealing that both PDIA3 and CRYM were downregulated in the hippocampal CA1 region during demyelination and upregulated during remyelination. Additionally, we explored the potential protective effects of CRYM and PDIA3 against cuprizone-induced demyelination by synthesizing cell-permeable Tat peptide-fusion proteins (Tat-CRYM and Tat-PDIA3) to facilitate their crossing through the blood–brain barrier. Our results indicated that administering Tat-CRYM and Tat-PDIA3 mitigated the reduction in proliferating cell and differentiated neuroblast counts compared to the group receiving cuprizone alone. Notably, Tat-PDIA3 demonstrated significant effects in enhancing myelin basic protein expression alongside phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus, suggesting its potential therapeutic role in the prevention or treatment of demyelination, and by extension, in conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
The analysis of the non-Kolmogorov turbulence effect on the performance of uplink coherent DPSK laser satellite communication system in the presence of tilt-corrected beam wander
Authors: Abouelez Ahmed Elsayed , Eldiwany Essam A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a model for analyzing the performance of laser-based satellite uplinks that account for beam wander and atmospheric turbulence is presented. The developed scintillation index model is a continuation of the recent works considering the effects of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on the propagation of Gaussian beams across turbulent media. We specifically concentrate on the specific regime under the tilt-corrected beam wander. The on-axis scintillation index is developed assuming an isotropic non-Kolmogorov spectrum model where the power law exponent (PLE) effective value, $$\alpha$$
α
, is taken to be 3 < $$\alpha$$
α
< 4. Within that regime, effective irradiance models for tilt-corrected beam wander are presented, using the Gamma and Gamma-Gamma distributions. Closed-form expressions of the average bit error rate (BER) are derived to evaluate the performance of the optical communication system considering coherent detection of differential phase shift keying. The obtained numerical results show the impact of the Gaussian beam radius at the transmitter, the PLE effective value, and the zenith angle on the on-axis scintillation index and the average BER of the system under consideration. Due to beam wander, the link performance in terms of scintillation index and average BER depends on the beam radius at the transmitter. With tilt-corrected beam wander the link performance becomes best at an intermediate value of beam radius. With the non-Kolmogorov turbulent medium model, the PLE effective value has a major effect on the beam radius with the best performance. The obtained results guide the choice of the optimum beam radius for best performance for each PLE effective value.
Georges Florovsky: Letter to Davis McCaughey
Authors: Florovsky Georges , Obolevitch Teresa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The letter from Georges Florovsky to Davis McCaughey is a reflection after reading the Report The Era of Atomic Power: Report of a Commission (1946). Florovsky gives his own arguments against the development of research concerning nuclear weapons and their use. These include: treating an attempt at a technical transformation of the world as a human claim to put oneself in God’s place, i.e., to be a God-man. Another group of indictments against the use of the atomic bomb concerned ethical issues and human responsibility for the war. Florovsky’s letter is his contribution to the discussion on the threat posed by the atomic bomb.
Migration of copper(II) ions in humic systems—effect of incorporated calcium(II), magnesium(II), and iron(III) ions
Authors: Klučáková Martina , Enev Vojtěch 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mobility of heavy metals in natural soil systems can be affected by the properties and compositions of those systems: the content and quality of organic matter as well as the character of inorganic constituents. In this work, the diffusion of copper(II) ions in humic hydrogels with incorporated calcium(II), magnesium(II), and iron(III) ions was investigated. The methods of instantaneous planar source and of constant source were used. Experimental data yielded the time development of the concentration in hydrogels and the values of effective diffusion coefficients. The coefficients include both the influence of the hydrogel structure and the interaction of diffusing particles with the hydrogel. Our results showed that the presence of natural metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, or iron can strongly affect the diffusivity of copper in humic systems. They indicate that the mobility of copper ions depends on their concentration. The mobility can be supported by higher contents of copper in the system. While the incorporation of Ca and Mg resulted in the decrease in the diffusivity of copper ions, the incorporation of Fe(III) into humic hydrogel resulted in an increase in the diffusivity of Cu(II) in the hydrogel in comparison with pure humic hydrogel.
Palisading Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dababneh Melad N. , Griffith Christopher C. , Ooms Kaitlyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPalisading adenocarcinoma is a morphologically distinct salivary gland neoplasm that has been recently described with predilection to the sublingual gland. We report our experience with this neoplasm to corroborate and enrich the literature and further clarify its phenotype.
Photocatalytic performance of copper ferrite/polypyrrole nanohybrids: studies on visible light induced degradation of urea and microwave-assisted degradation of polyethylene films
Authors: Gaffar Shayista , Riaz Ufana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present work reports formulation of nanohybrids of CuFe2O4 using polypyrrole (PPy) in the weight ratios of 1%, 3% and 5%. The synthesized nanohybrids were characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD and SEM–EDS. The optical band gaps were calculated to be 2.31 eV, 2.11 eV and 1.74 eV for 1-PPy/CuFe2O4, 3-PPy/CuFe2O4, and 5-PPy/CuFe2O4, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of urea and polyethene (PE) was carried out under visible light irradiation to study the effect of degradation of pollutants in presence of an organic–inorganic hybrid photocatalyst. The nanohybrids showed superior photocatalytic performance when compared with pure CuFe2O4. The maximum photocatalytic degradation was found to be 62% within 120 min using 5-Ppy/CuFe2O4 as photocatalyst and 40% degradation of PE films was achieved under microwave irradiation. The catalysts showed promising results for the highly efficient degradation of polymers.

Graphical abstract

Photocatalytic activity of polypyrrole/copper ferrite nanohybrids
The influence of insulin and incretin-based therapies on renal tubular transport
Authors: Rosati Erica , Di Giuseppe Gianfranco , Mezza Teresa , Ferraro Pietro Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe tubular function of the kidney is very complex and is finely regulated by many factors. These include a variety of hormonal signaling pathways which are involved in the expression, activation and regulation of renal transporters responsible for the handling of electrolytes. Glucose-lowering drugs such as insulin and incretin-based therapies, exert a well-known renal protective role in diabetic kidney disease, mainly acting at the glomerular level. In the literature, several studies have described the effect of insulin and the incretin hormones on tubular transport. Most of these studies focused on the variations in excretion and clearance of sodium but did not extensively and systematically investigate the possible variations that these hormones may induce in the tubular regulation of all the other electrolytes, urea metabolism, acid–base balance and urinary pH. While insulin action on the kidney is very well-described, the renal tubular impact of incretin-based therapies is less consistent and the results available are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing the effects induced on renal tubules by insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in both healthy and diabetic human subjects. This is significant because it highlights the existence of a renal-gut and pancreas axis which also has a direct tubular effect and enables a deeper understanding of renal physiology.
Graphical abstract
Mechanical properties of steel–copper multi-material samples built by laser powder bed fusion using a graded energy input
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Saber Yassin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a well-established additive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of metallic components. Despite being used in different industries with different materials, the L-PBF process is still today predominantly used for mono-material processing only. While combining different materials during processing is not yet extensively researched, it holds great potential for improving current applications, as well as enabling new ones. In this paper, the material combination of the copper alloy CuCr1Zr and the tool steel 1.2344 is investigated. While copper and its alloys offer high electrical and thermal conductivity coupled with good mechanical properties in terms of strength and ductility, steel offers a significantly higher strength and better wear resistance. Multi-material samples from steel 1.2344 and CuCr1Zr are manufactured by L-PBF using three transition zones, enabling a gradual increase in the applied volume energy density. The application of transition zones successfully eliminated hot cracking and facilitated a narrow steel–CuCr1Zr intermixing zone. The mechanical properties of the manufactured samples are investigated by tensile testing with samples tested in the as-built condition and after subsequent heat treatment. Different heat treatments are applied and evaluated. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces of torn tensile samples and the cross-sectional microstructure of untested samples are visualized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. During tensile testing, a number of samples failed in proximity of the material interface. The fracture surfaces show unmolten powder particles indicating insufficient melting, whereas the cross-sectional images display an accumulation of lack of fusion defects in the CuCr1Zr within a distance of approximately 250 µm from the material interface. Tensile testing results indicate that the observed defects have a significant influence on the elongation to fracture, yet do not show a strong correlation to the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength. This study emphasizes the current difficulty in manufacturing a defect-free microstructure within the multi-material interface.
The different paradigms of NK cell death in patients with severe trauma
Authors: Chang Te-Ding , Chen Deng , Luo Jia-Liu , Wang Yu-Man , Zhang Cong , Chen Shun-Yao , Lin Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Pei-Dong , Tang Ting-Xuan , Li Hui , Dong Li-Ming , Wu Ning , Tang Zhao-Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLymphocyte decline, particularly the depletion of NK cells, is a prominent feature of immunosuppression following severe tissue injury, heightening the susceptibility of severe trauma patients to life-threatening infections. Previous research indicates that the reduction in the number of NK cells is closely associated with the process of cell death. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of NK cell death remains unknown. Here, we discovered that following severe traumatic injury, NK cells undergo several cell death pathways, dominated by apoptosis and pyroptosis with coexistence of necrotic cell death, immunogenic cell death, ferroptosis, and autophagy. These NK cells with different paradigms of death have diverse cytokine expression profiles and diverse interactions with other immune cells. Further exploration revealed that hypoxia was strongly associated with this diverse paradigm of NK cell death. Detailed investigation of paradigms of cell death may help to enhance comprehension of lymphopenia post-severe trauma, to develop new strategy in preventing immunosuppression, and then to improve outcome for severe trauma population.