bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Perforator Number on Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Grover Ritwik , Nelson Jonas A , Fischer John P , Kovach Stephen J , Serletti Joseph M , Wu Liza C 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPerforator flaps minimize abdominal site morbidity during autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the number of perforators harvested influences the overall deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap survival and flap-related complications.
MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all DIEP flaps performed at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 2006 to 2011. The outcomes assessed included flap loss and major complications. We compared flaps by the number of total perforators (1-4) and then carried out a subgroup analysis comparing flaps with one perforator to flaps with multiple perforators. Lastly, we conducted a post-hoc analysis based on body mass index (BMI) categorization.
ResultsThree hundred thirty-three patients underwent 395 DIEP flaps. No significant differences were noted in the flap loss rate or the overall complications across perforator groups. However, the subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher rates of fat necrosis in the case of one-perforator flaps than in the case of multiple-perforator flaps (10.2% vs. 3.1%, P=0.009). The post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase in the flap loss rate with increasing BMI (<30=2.0%, 30-34.9=3.1%, 35-39.9=3.1%, >40=42.9%, P<0.001) in the DIEP flaps, but no increase in fat necrosis.
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the number of perforators does not impact the rate of flap survival. However, the rate of fat necrosis may be significantly higher in DIEP flaps based on a single perforator. Multiple perforators should be utilized if possible to decrease the risk of fat necrosis.
La structure conceptuelle des controverses juridiques : petite anatomie des cas dits « difficiles »
Authors: Léger-Riopel Nicholas , Viaud Agnès 
Published: January 2014

Différentes tentatives de modélisation de l'activité judiciaire ont mené au constat commun de l'inévitable émergence de controverses au sein du savoir juridique. Dans un premier temps, nous verrons en quoi ne pas reconnaître le caractère controversé d'une situation participe d'une mise en lumière de ce que les auteurs ont qualifié de « dogme de la solution unique ». Cette reconnaissance révèle l'existence de niveaux dans le savoir juridique, dont la plus ou moins grande cohérence sera fonction d'une ouverture variable avec le champ de la factualité. Dans un second temps, nous verrons en quoi la nature particulière de la factualité juridique s'est traduite dans le champ de la théorie du droit en une variété de propositions sensibles à l'existence de cadres de réflexion et de présupposés épistémologiques mobilisés par la raison juridique. L'identification de ces présupposés permettra de porter un regard sur la controverse juridique qui pourrait favoriser la reconnaissance du caractère artificiel de la distinction entre « droit » et « faits ». En toute hypothèse, l'éclairage ainsi apporté par la notion de controverse juridique pourrait être bénéfique à l'étude d'une « structure profonde » de la raison juridique.
The timing of alluvial activity in Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Grant John A. , Wilson Sharon A. , Mangold Nicolas , Calef Fred , Grotzinger John P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Curiosity rover's discovery of rocks preserving evidence of past habitable conditions in Gale crater highlights the importance of constraining the timing of responsible depositional settings to understand the astrobiological implications for Mars. Crater statistics and mapping reveal the bulk of the alluvial deposits in Gale, including those interrogated by Curiosity, were likely emplaced during the Hesperian, thereby implying that habitable conditions persisted after the Noachian. Crater counting data sets and upper Peace Vallis fan morphology also suggest a possible younger period of fluvial activation that deposited ~10–20 m of sediments on the upper fan after emplacement of the main body of the fan. If validated, water associated with later alluvial activity may have contributed to secondary diagenetic features in Yellowknife Bay.
Satellite retrieval of convective cloud base temperature based on the NPP/VIIRS Imager
Authors: Zhu Yannian , Rosenfeld Daniel , Yu Xing , Liu Guihua , Dai Jin , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe advent of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite provided a quantum jump in the satellite capabilities of retrieving cloud properties, because it nearly tripled the resolution in the thermal channels (375 m). This allowed us to develop a methodology for retrieving convective cloud base temperature (Tb) and validate it over the Atmospheric System Research Southern Great Plains site for the satellite early afternoon overpass time. The standard error of the Tb retrieval was only 1.1°C. The knowledge of Tb allows the calculation of cloud base height and the depth of the boundary layer, as well as the boundary layer water vapor mixing ratio with an accuracy of about 10%. The feasibility of retrieving cloud base temperature and height is an essential component that is required for retrieving cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from satellites by using convective clouds as natural CCN chambers.
Lagrangian simulations and interannual variability of anchovy egg and larva dispersal in the Sicily Channel
Authors: Palatella Luigi , Bignami Francesco , Falcini Federico , Lacorata Guglielmo , Lanotte Alessandra S. , Santoleri Rosalia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe interannual variability in the transport of anchovy eggs and larvae in the Sicily Channel, relatively to the period 1999–2012, is studied by means of numerical simulations of the Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) circulation model provided by INGV. Subgrid‐scale dynamics not resolved by the MFS model is parameterized in terms of kinematic fields. The latter affect small‐scale tracer relative dispersion, while leaving the mean large‐scale advection substantially unchanged. A Lagrangian Transport Index (LTI) can be defined to characterize the efficiency of the main currents, e.g., the Atlantic Ionian Stream, in connecting spawning and nursery areas to each other. In our case, this indicator comes from the first arrival time statistics of tracers traveling from a spawning area near Sciacca to a nursery area in proximity of Cape Passero. We observe, on the basis of LTI values, that there are years when the Lagrangian connectivity is very efficient (2004, 2008, 2012) and years when it is weak (2000, 2001, 2003, 2010). Lagrangian indicators like the LTI concur to explain observed fluctuations of larval density and, also, can be employed, more in general, in multivariate models of population dynamics.
Held‐Suarez simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model Spectral Element (CAM‐SE) dynamical core: A global axial angular momentum analysis using Eulerian and floating Lagrangian vertical coordinates
Authors: Lauritzen Peter H. , Bacmeister Julio T. , Dubos Thomas , Lebonnois Sébastien , Taylor Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, an analysis of the global AAM conservation properties of NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model Spectral Element (CAM‐SE) dynamical core under Held‐Suarez forcing is presented. It is shown that the spurious sources/sinks of AAM in CAM‐SE are 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the parameterized (physical) sources/sinks. The effect on AAM conservation by changing various numerical aspects of the dynamical core (e.g., different vertical coordinates, reduced formal order of accuracy, increased dissipation, and decreased divergence damping) is investigated. In particular, it is noted that changing from Eulerian (hybrid‐sigma) to floating Lagrangian vertical coordinates does not alter the global AAM conservation properties of CAM‐SE.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Xie Hao , Liu Saiwen , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn iodine‐catalyzed sulfenylation of free indoles with sodium sulfinates is described. The reaction selectively afforded 3‐arylthioindoles in good to high yields in anisole under metal‐free conditions. Functional groups such as halogens were well tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions.magnified image
The Construction of Polysubstituted Aromatic Core Derivatives via a Cycloaddition/Oxidative Aromatization Sequence from Quinone and β‐Enamino Esters
Authors: Li Yu‐Jin , Huang Huan‐Ming , Ye Qing , Hou Li‐Fen , Yu Wu‐Bin , Jia Jian‐Hong , Gao Jian‐Rong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn unexpected strategy has been discovered for the construction of polysubstituted aromatic core derivatives from the reaction of quinones or N‐substituted maleimides with β‐enamino esters by a cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization sequence that provides products contrary to those delivered by the Nenitzescu reaction. The current method provides a highly favorable synthetic strategy for the efficient construction of important therapeutic agents containing polysubstituted aromatic core structures.magnified image
Influence of crosslinking and plasticizing on the viscoelasticity of highly filled elastomers
Authors: Azoug Aurelie , Nevière Robert , Pradeilles‐Duval Rachel‐Marie , Constantinescu Andrei 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSolid propellants, like all highly filled elastomers, exhibit a complex nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. The aim of this study was to establish the relationships between the structure and properties, which is needed to construct a robust constitutive law for these materials. An extensive design of experiments approach allowed us to quantify the influence of the curing agents and plasticizer molecules on the microstructure of the propellant and its viscoelastic properties. Swelling and gel permeation chromatography measurements described the microstructure of the propellant and prestrained dynamic mechanical analysis (PDMA) characterized the viscoelastic behavior. The curing agents reacted with polymer chain ends participating in the network, in the sol fraction, or in filler–binder links. Consequently, the polymer network was incomplete even in stoichiometric conditions, and a minimum of 10% of the polymer was free in the microstructure. In addition, preswelling the polymer with plasticizer molecules before curing modified the obtained network by decreasing the crosslink density in the binder and increasing it in the vicinity of the filler surface. This study provided new insight into the local deformation mechanisms controlling nonlinearity as measured by PDMA. The nonlinear behavior appeared between 0 and 1.7% prestrain in both the elastic and viscous parts of the behavior. The network reached its maximum extensibility in the elastic part and constrained the sol fraction in this extended mesh for the viscous part. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40392.
Numerical‐simulation‐driven optimization of a laser transmission welding process under consideration of scattering
Authors: Wang Xiao , Chen Hao , Liu Huixia 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, because the use of semicrystalline polypropylene (upper material) leads to the scattering of laser radiation, an integrated method for a numerical‐simulation‐driven optimization of the laser transmission welding (LTW) process was investigated through the finite element method (FEM), response surface methodology (RSM), and experiments (EX). First, EX for measuring the actual laser power and spot diameter within the weld interface were conducted; these were used to simulate the temperature field and molten pool geometric characteristic parameters of the LTW process. Then, central composite design was used to design the EX, and RSM was used to establish mathematical models. Finally, the desirability function was used to determine the optimal process parameters. The experimental results nearly agreed with the simulated and predicted values. The results illustrate that the integrated (FEM–RSM–EX) approach was an effective optimization method and could play a significant guiding role in LTW EX and in quickly optimizing the process parameters. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40396.
Quad‐Rotor Modeling and Attitude Control Using State‐Dependent ARX Type Model
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyong , Peng Hui , Wu Jun , Wei Jimin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA state‐dependent autoregressive with exogenous variables (SD‐ARX) model whose functional coefficients are approximated by sets of radial basis function (RBF) networks is proposed to describe the dynamic behavior of a quad‐rotor in this paper. This model is identified offline and used as an internal predictor of a receding horizon predictive controller to address the quad‐rotor's attitude control issue. In addition, the physical constraints of the system have been also taken into account during the controller design process. The results of real‐time control on a quad‐rotor aircraft illustrate satisfactory modeling accuracy in a large operating range and good performance of control approach proposed in this paper.
Gift Cards and Mental Accounting: Green‐lighting Hedonic Spending
Authors: Helion Chelsea , Gilovich Thomas 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn three studies, we examine the mental accounting rules that govern how gift cards are used. We predicted that their identity as gift cards would shift consumption from utilitarian to hedonic goods even in contexts where both types of goods are available and the consumer's needs are unchanged. In Study 1a, participants were asked to imagine that they had both a gift card and a specified amount of cash and needed to purchase both a hedonic item and a utilitarian item. When asked which currency they would use to buy which item, respondents were significantly more likely to say they would use the gift card to buy the hedonic item. Study 1b replicated this result and found that it was tied to participants' beliefs how different types of money should be used. In Study 2, we found that participants who were required to spend a certain amount of their compensation in a laboratory store spent more on hedonic goods if their payment was in the form of a gift card. In Study 3, we analyzed transactions at a campus bookstore and found that shoppers tended to spend disproportionately on hedonic goods when using their gift cards than when making credit card purchases. Taken together, these studies indicate that people tend to assign the monetary value of a gift card to a hedonic mental account and spend it accordingly. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ypt1 suppresses defects of vesicle trafficking and autophagy in Ypt6 related mutants
Authors: Ye Min , Chen Yong , Zou Shenshen , Yu Sidney , Liang Yongheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractYpt/Rab GTPases coordinately regulate vesicle trafficking in yeasts. Previously, Ypt1 was shown to suppress growth defects of Ypt6 and its related mutants (ypt6ts, ric1Δ, rgp1Δ, ric1Δrgp1Δ), but the physiological role of this suppression has not been well studied. We have investigated the effects of Ypt1 on two major trafficking pathways, vesicle trafficking and autophagy, in Ypt6 related mutants. Ypt1 restores Snc1 transport to the plasma membrane via Golgi in the exocytic pathway in Ypt6 related mutants under nutrient rich conditions. Overexpression of Ypt1 suppresses autophagic defects under nutrient starvation conditions with increased GFP‐Atg8 sorting to vacuoles and GFP‐Atg8 to GFP conversion in Ypt6 related mutants. However, overexpression of Ypt1 does not restore Ypt6 intracellular localisation in rgp1Δ cells. We propose that vesicle trafficking and autophagy are closely connected processes, and Ypt1 and Ypt6 have some similar functions in both cellular processes.
Effect of photodynamic therapy supplemented with quercetin in HEp‐2 cells
Authors: de Paula Rodrigues Rafael , Tini Italo Rigotti Pereira , Soares Cristina Pacheco , da Silva Newton Soares 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that can be used as a complementary therapy in cancer treatment combined with other therapeutic modalities. Quercetin (QCT) is known to be effective in the treatment of cancer, by reducing the cell viability of different cancer cell lines. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of QCT in PDT on the viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis/necrosis in the human larynx carcinoma cells (HEp‐2). The HEp‐2 cells were treated with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) and QCT and subsequently irradiated with a diode laser light (685 nm, 35 mW, 4.5 J/cm2). The results demonstrated that treatment of HEp‐2 cells with high concentrations of QCT (at least 50 μM) reduced cell viability. This response was enhanced in cells subjected to PDT supplemented with high concentrations of QCT. In addition, was observed decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and characteristics of late apoptosis and/or initial necrosis process. QCT at concentrations from 50 μM improves PDT‐induced cytotoxicity by significantly reducing cell viability by apoptosis and/or necrosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential of Hep‐2 cells.
Fluorescence Polarization for the Evaluation of Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of PCAF BRD/Tat‐AcK50 Association
Authors: Hu Ping , Wang Xinghui , Zhang Baiqun , Zhang Shuai , Wang Qiang , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA fluorescence polarization competitive assay was developed to efficiently screen and evaluate inhibitors of PCAF bromodomain/Tat‐AcK50 protein–peptide interaction. A series of pyridine 1‐oxide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. Some of the novel compounds, 2‐(3‐aminopropylamino) pyridine 1‐oxide derivatives, could be effective inhibitors of PCAF bromodomain/Tat‐AcK50 association. Specifically, 2‐(3‐aminopropylamino)‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)pyridine 1‐oxide hydrochloride (15) and the 5‐((3‐aminopropylamino)methyl) derivative (20) were found to be effective ligands for the PCAF BRD pocket. First preliminary cellular studies indicate that these small‐molecule inhibitors have lower cytotoxicities and are potential leads for the anti‐HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategy by targeting host‐cell protein PCAF BRD to block HIV replication.
Structure‐Based Design of Novel Human Toll‐like Receptor 8 Agonists
Authors: Kokatla Hari Prasad , Sil Diptesh , Tanji Hiromi , Ohto Umeharu , Malladi Subbalakshmi S. , Fox Lauren M. , Shimizu Toshiyoki , David Sunil A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractToll‐like receptor (TLR)‐8 agonists activate adaptive immune responses by inducing robust production of T helper 1‐polarizing cytokines, suggesting that TLR8‐active compounds might be promising candidate vaccine adjuvants. Recently, a C2‐butyl furo[2,3‐c]quinoline was reported with purely TLR8 agonistic activity. This compound was successfully co‐crystallized with the human TLR8 ectodomain, and the co‐crystal structure revealed ligand‐induced reorganization of the binding pocket of TLR8. The loss of a key hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of the furanyl ring of the agonist and Thr 574 in TLR8 suggested that the furan ring is dispensable. Employing a disconnection strategy, 3‐ and 4‐substituted aminoquinolines were investigated. Focused structure‐based ligand design studies led to the identification of 3‐pentyl‐quinoline‐2‐amine as a novel, structurally simple, and highly potent human TLR8‐specific agonist (EC50=0.2 μM). Preliminary evaluation of this compound in ex vivo human blood assay systems revealed that it retains prominent cytokine‐inducing activity. Together, these results indicate the suitability of this compound as a novel vaccine adjuvant, warranting further investigation.
Insurance status is related to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma survival
Authors: Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Flowers Christopher R. , Sineshaw Helmneh , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Ward Elizabeth 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDInsurance status is associated with stage at diagnosis and treatment for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but no previous studies have addressed the relation between insurance status and survival for patients diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of NHL.METHODSThe authors analyzed survival among 3858 patients with DLBCL ages 18 to 64 years who were diagnosed in 2004 using data from the National Cancer Database, a nationwide, hospital‐based cancer registry. Kaplan‐Maier curves were compared between patients who had private insurance, Medicaid, and no insurance. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for insurance controlling for age, sex, race, area‐level socioeconomic status, and potential mediators of the association between insurance status and survival, including stage at diagnosis, B‐symptoms, comorbidity, and treatment.RESULTSAfter adjusting for sociodemographic factors, uninsured patients (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.70) and Medicaid‐insured patients (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.78) with DLBCL had lower survival compared with patients who had private insurance. This association was attenuated after adjusting for the potential mediators (for uninsured patients, HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.96‐1.44]; for Medicaid‐insured patients, HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06‐1.53]).CONCLUSIONSUninsured and Medicaid‐insured patients with DLBCL had inferior survival compared with privately insured patients. These associations can be explained in part because uninsured/Medicaid‐insured patients who have DLBCL present with more advanced‐stage disease and comorbid illnesses and less commonly receive standard treatment. Access to affordable and adequate health care has the potential to improve survival for patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2014;120:1220–1227. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Insurance status and distant‐stage disease at diagnosis among adolescent and young adult patients with cancer aged 15 to 39 years: National Cancer Data Base, 2004 through 2010
Authors: Robbins Anthony S. , Lerro Catherine C. , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDThe percentage of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer (those aged 15‐39 years) diagnosed at a distant stage of disease did not significantly change between 1975 and 2004. It has been hypothesized that a lack of health insurance may be a significant risk factor for a diagnosis of distant‐stage disease among AYA patients, but to the authors' knowledge this has not been examined in a national sample.METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base, a hospital‐based cancer registry, was used to obtain data regarding incident cancer cases among patients aged 15 years to 39 years who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2010. After all exclusions, a total of 285,448 cases were available for analysis; all AYA cancer sites were included. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the association between insurance status and stage of disease at diagnosis.RESULTSAfter adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, facility type, ZIP code‐based income and education levels, and US Census region, it was found that among males, uninsured patients were 1.51 times more likely to be diagnosed at a distant stage of disease compared with patients with private insurance (95% confidence interval, 1.46‐1.55). Among females, the effect of insurance was stronger, with uninsured patients found to be 1.86 times more likely to be diagnosed at a distant stage (95% confidence interval, 1.79‐1.94). The effect of insurance status was substantially stronger for malignancies that are more amenable to early detection (melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, breast carcinoma, genitourinary carcinoma), and substantially weaker for those that are less amenable to early detection (lung carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, Wilms tumor).CONCLUSIONSIn a large national sample of AYA patients with cancer, insurance status was found to be a strong independent risk factor for distant‐stage disease at the time of diagnosis. Cancer 2014;120:1212–1219. © 2014 American Cancer Society.