bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Brachytherapy on Local Recurrence Rates After Sublobar Resection: Results From ACOSOG Z4032 (Alliance), a Phase III Randomized Trial for High-Risk Operable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fernando Hiran C. , Landreneau Rodney J. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Nichols Francis C. , Hillman Shauna L. , Heron Dwight E. , Meyers Bryan F. , DiPetrillo Thomas A. , Jones David R. , Starnes Sandra L. , Tan Angelina D. , Daly Benedict D.T. , Putnam Joe B. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose A major concern with sublobar resection (SR) for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is high local recurrence (LR). Adjuvant brachytherapy may reduce LR This multicenter randomized trial compares SR to SR with brachytherapy (SRB). Patients and Methods High-risk operable patients with NSCLC ≤ 3 cm were randomly assigned to SR or SRB. The primary end point was time to LR, where LR included recurrence at the staple line (local progression), in the primary tumor lobe away from the staple line, and in ipsilateral hilar nodes. The trial was designed to have a 90% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.315 in favor of SRB, using a one-sided type I error rate of 0.05 with a sample size of 100 eligible patients in each arm. Results Two hundred twenty-four patients were randomly assigned; 222 patients were evaluable for intent-to-treat analysis. Median age was 71 years (range, 49 to 87 years). No differences were found in baseline characteristics. Median follow-up time was 4.38 years (range, 0.04 to 5.59 years). There was no difference in time to LR (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.98; log-rank P = .98) or in the types of LR. Local progression occurred in only 17 (7.7%) of 222 patients. In patients with potentially compromised margins (margin < 1 cm, margin-to-tumor ratio < 1, positive staple line cytology, wedge resection, nodule size > 2.0 cm), SRB did not reduce LR, although trends favored the SRB arm. This was most marked in 14 patients with positive staple line cytology (HR, 0.22; P = .24). Three-year overall survival rates were similar for patients in the SR (71%) and SRB (71%) arms (P = .97). Conclusion Brachytherapy did not reduce LR after SR. This finding may have been related to closer attention to parenchymal margins by surgeons participating in this study.
An analysis of Oxford hip and knee scores following primary hip and knee replacement performed at a specialist centre
Authors: Matharu G. S. , McBryde C. W. , Robb C. A. , Pynsent P. B. 
Published: July 2014

The Oxford hip and knee scores (OHS and OKS) are validated patient-reported outcome measures used in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR), hip resurfacing (HR), total knee replacement (TKR) and unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). We analysed the absolute OHS and OKS and change in scores following THR, HR, TKR, and UKR performed at one specialist centre. All patients undergoing and completing at least one Oxford score were eligible for inclusion in the study which included 27 950 OHS and 19 750 OKS in 13 682 patients. Data were analysed using non-linear quantile regression. The median absolute Oxford scores for THR, HR, TKR and UKR were pre-operative 68.8% (15.0/48), 58.3% (20.0/48), 66.7% (16.0/48), 60.4% (19.0/48) respectively: and post-operative asymptote was 14.6% (41.0/48), 5.8% (45.2/48), 31.2% (33.0/48), 29.2% (34.0/48). The median asymptotic change from the pre-operative score for THR, HR, TKR and UKR were 47.9% (23.0/48), 47.9% (23.0/48), 33.3% (16.0/48) and 32.4% (15.5/48), respectively. The median time at which no further appreciable change in score was achieved post-operatively was 0.7 years for THR, 1.1 years for HR, 0.9 years for TKR and 1.1 years for UKR. The curves produced from this analysis could be used to educate patients, and to audit the performance of a surgeon and an institution. The time to achieve a stable improvement in outcome varied between different types of joint replacement, which may have implications for the timing of post-operative review. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:928–35.
Incidence and risk factors for post-operative complications after scoliosis surgery in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Duckworth A. D. , Mitchell M. J. , Tsirikos A. I. 
Published: July 2014

We report the incidence of and risk factors for complications after scoliosis surgery in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and compare them with those of other neuromuscular conditions. We identified 110 (64 males, 46 females) consecutive patients with a neuromuscular disorder who underwent correction of the scoliosis at a mean age of 14 years (7 to 19) and had a minimum two-year follow-up. We recorded demographic and peri-operative data, including complications and re-operations. There were 60 patients with cerebral palsy (54.5%) and 26 with DMD (23.6%). The overall complication rate was 22% (24 patients), the most common of which were deep wound infection (9, 8.1%), gastrointestinal complications (5, 4.5%) and hepatotoxicity (4, 3.6%). The complication rate was higher in patients with DMD (10/26, 38.5%) than in those with other neuromuscular conditions (14/84, 16.7% (p = 0.019). All hepatotoxicity occurred in patients with DMD (p = 0.003), who also had an increased rate of deep wound infection (19% vs 5%) (p = 0.033). In the DMD group, no peri-operative factors were significantly associated with the rate of overall complications or deep wound infection. Increased intra-operative blood loss was associated with hepatotoxicity (p = 0.036). In our series, correction of a neuromuscular scoliosis had an acceptable rate of complications: patients with DMD had an increased overall rate compared with those with other neuromuscular conditions. These included deep wound infection and hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was unique to DMD patients, and we recommend peri-operative vigilance after correction of a scoliosis in this group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:943–9.
Durability and complications of photoselective vaporisation of the prostate with the 120W high performance system GreenLight™ lithium triborate laser
Authors: Batura D , Sahibzada I , Elkabir J , Feyisetan O , Izegbu V , Hellawell G , Webster J 
Published: July 2014

Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the durability of photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) with the 120W GreenLight HPS® laser (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, US), and to examine the incidence, nature and factors associated with complications from the procedure. Methods Clinical records of PVP patients were reviewed to compare details between patients who developed complications and those who did not. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to assess durability. Cox regression was used to examine associations between complications and perioperative factors. Results Successful outcomes were maintained in 84% of 117 patients at the 2-year follow-up appointment. Complication rates were low and comparable with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Complications were developed by 18 patients (15.4%) over a mean follow-up duration of 20.8 months. The most common complications were residual prostate requiring another surgery (5/117, 4.3%) and urethral stricture (4/117, 3.4%). Patients with complications had significantly longer catheterisation duration. Length of hospital stay, lasing energy, pre and postoperative levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), pre and postoperative maximum flow rate (Qmax), and age at surgery were not found to influence development of complications. Conclusions Results from PVP with an HPS® laser are durable. Complications are low and compare favourably with TURP. Lasing energy, PSA, Qmax, patient age and length of stay are not associated with development of complications. However, a longer postoperative catheterisation after PVP is associated with development of complications.
Prioritizing a Research Agenda: A Delphi Study of the Better Outcomes Through Research for Newborns (BORN) Network
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth , Goyal Neera K. , Dhepyasuwan Niramol , Flaherman Valerie J. , Chung Esther K. , Von Kohorn Isabelle , Burgos Anthony , Taylor James 
Published: July 2014

Background:There is a paucity of evidence to guide clinical management for term and late preterm newborns. The Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns (BORN) network is a national collaborative of clinicians formed to increase the evidence-base for well newborn care.Objective:To develop a consensus-based, prioritized research agenda for well newborn care.Design:A two-round modified Delphi survey of BORN members was conducted. Round 1 was an open-ended survey soliciting 5 clinical questions identified as important and under-researched. Using qualitative methods, 20 most common themes were extracted and transformed into research questions. Round 2 survey respondents ranked the top 20 questions using a 5- point Likert scale and a quantitative analysis was conducted.Results:Round 1 survey generated 439 unique research questions that fell into 57 themes. In the Round 2 survey, the highest rated questions were: 1) At what weight-loss percentage is it medically necessary to formula supplement a breastfeeding infant? 2) What is the optimal management of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome? 3) How and when should we initiate a workup for sepsis, and how should these newborns be managed?Conclusions:Research priorities of clinicians include criteria for medically indicated formula supplementation of the breastfed newborn, management of neonatal abstinence syndrome and management of newborns at-risk for sepsis.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of a malignant trichoepithelioma of the ear canal in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Budgeon Casey , Mans Christoph , Chamberlin Tamara , Stein John , Drees Randi , Robat Cecilia , Pinkerton Marie , Imai Denise M. , McAnulty Jonathan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Case Description—A 10-year-old spayed female Holland Lop–mix pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated because of purulent-hemorrhagic discharge from the right ear canal and a suspected mass within that ear canal.
Clinical Findings—Results of contrast-enhanced CT, video otoscopy, and histologic examination of endoscopic tissue biopsy samples indicated severe otitis media and externa and a benign trichoepithelioma of the right ear canal.
Treatment and Outcome—Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy were performed. Histologic examination of a surgical biopsy sample of the mass indicated malignant trichoepithelioma. Tumor recurrence was detected 22 weeks after surgery. The rabbit was euthanized 33 weeks after surgery because of the large size of the recurrent tumor and declining quality of life. Necropsy findings indicated a malignant trichoepithelioma with local and lymphatic invasion into the right mandibular lymph node.
Clinical Relevance—This was the first report of the clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, and outcome for a domestic rabbit with a diagnosis of a malignant trichoepithelioma of the ear canal and associated otitis media and externa. Neoplasia should be included as a differential diagnosis for pet rabbits with otitis externa and media. Although such tumors are typically benign, trichoepitheliomas in rabbits can be malignant. Computed tomography and histologic examination of tissue samples were useful diagnostic techniques, but histologic examination of an endoscopic biopsy sample did not allow identification of malignant characteristics of the trichoepithelioma.
July 2014 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald 
Published: July 2014

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The July 2014 column includes 6 reviews of the following books: Physical Therapy Management of Patients With Spinal Pain: An Evidence-Based Approach; Traumatology for the Physical Therapist; Evidence-Based Rehabilitation: A Guide to Practice, Third Edition; Healing Through Trigger Point Therapy: A Guide to Fibromyalgia, Myofascial Pain, and Dysfunction; Your Headache Isn't All in Your Head: Neuroscience Education for Patients With Headache Pain; and Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis and Management Package, Third Edition. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):542–546. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.44.7.542
Weak Arithmetic Equivalence
Authors: Mantilla-Soler Guillermo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInspired by the invariant of a number field given by its zeta function, we define the notion of weak arithmetic equivalence and show that under certain ramification hypotheses this equivalence determines the local root numbers of the number field. This is analogous to a result of Rohrlich on the local root numbers of a rational elliptic curve. Additionally, we prove that for tame non-totally real number fields, the integral trace form is invariant under arithmetic equivalence
Characterization of the Calicheamicin Orsellinate C2‐O‐Methyltransferase CalO6
Authors: Singh Shanteri , Nandurkar Nitin S. , Thorson Jon S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough bacterial iterative type I polyketide synthases are now known to participate in the biosynthesis of a small set of diverse natural products, the subsequent downstream modification of the resulting polyketide products is poorly understood. We report the functional characterization of the putative orsellinic acid C2‐O‐methyltransferase, which is involved in calicheamicin biosynthesis. This study suggests that C2‐O‐methylation precedes C3‐hydroxylation/methylation and C5‐iodination and requires a coenzyme A‐ or acyl carrier protein‐bound substrate.
Reducing session establishment delay using timed out packets in SIP signaling network
Authors: Mishra Garima , Dharmaraja S. , Kar Subrat 
Published: June 2014

SummarySession Initiation Protocol (SIP) has a retransmission mechanism to maintain the reliability for its real time transmission. But these real time transmissions cause overload in the server and creates redundant messages. SIP does not offer sufficient mechanisms for handling overload situations. In this paper, we study the SIP system behavior by separating signaling traffic in two different classes (Invites and Non‐invites) and creating a cut‐off priority queueing model. SIP retransmission mechanism with timeout is modeled as a queueing system with impatient customers. Using this model, the effect of unnecessary retransmissions is studied, and delay distribution and loss probability (Pb_loss) are calculated. The proposed analytical model is verified with simulations that demonstrate that the inclusion of timeout gives better delay performance. Using Pb_loss, an algorithm is developed to control the overload in hop‐by‐hop transaction as described in RFC 6357. The simulation results for the proposed model with overload control and the standard SIP as per RFC 3261 are compared. The results demonstrate that the server utilization factor of an overloaded server always remains less than one and hence avoids system collapse. Further, the redundant messages in the system are reduced by 30% as compared with the standard SIP network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Automatic Spelling Correction Software on Understanding and Comprehension in Compensated Dyslexia: Improved Recall Following Dictation
Authors: Hiscox Lucy , Leonavičiūtė Erika , Humby Trevor 
Published: June 2014

Dyslexia is associated with difficulties in language‐specific skills such as spelling, writing and reading; the difficulty in acquiring literacy skills is not a result of low intelligence or the absence of learning opportunity, but these issues will persist throughout life and could affect long‐term education. Writing is a complex process involving many different functions, integrated by the working memory system; people with dyslexia have a working memory deficit, which means that concentration on writing quality may be detrimental to understanding. We confirm impaired working memory in a sample of university students with (compensated) dyslexia, and using a within‐subject design with three test conditions, we show that these participants demonstrated better understanding of a piece of text if they had used automatic spelling correction software during a dictation/transcription task. We hypothesize that the use of the autocorrecting software reduced demand on working memory, by allowing word writing to be more automatic, thus enabling better processing and understanding of the content of the transcriptions and improved recall. Long‐term and regular use of autocorrecting assistive software should be beneficial for people with and without dyslexia and may improve confidence, written work, academic achievement and self‐esteem, which are all affected in dyslexia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key MessagesWorking memory is a finite temporal storage of information, which integrates different ongoing behaviours and functions.In addition to the problems with language‐specific skills shown by people with dyslexia, reduced working memory capacity is also found.If someone with dyslexia is concentrating on writing, and making sure that their spelling/grammar is accurate, they might not fully appreciate the content of the information they are writing.Our results show that using autocorrecting assistive software during transcription increases the understanding of the content of the written information.We propose that using autocorrecting software during lectures/class will aid understanding of the presented material and may improve academic achievement.Our study investigated university students, that is, compensated dyslexia, but these findings may be extrapolated to pre‐university students.
Toxicity testing of sildenafil base‐loaded liposomes in in vitro and ex vivo models for pulmonary application
Authors: Paranjpe Mukta , Neuhaus Vanessa , Braun Armin , Mueller‐Goymann Christel C. 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to formulate sildenafil base‐loaded liposomes using a solvent‐free method, followed by the investigation of the potential cytotoxicity of the prepared liposomes in in vitro and ex vivo cell culture models. The liposomes were manufactured by dispersing 5% w/v phospholipid in aqueous phase at RT. The prepared dispersion was then homogenized using an Avestin extruder. The particle size of the prepared liposomes was between 100 and 110 nm and was stable up to 6 months. For in vitro models, human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) and mouse heart endothelium cell line (MHEC5‐T) were used. For ex vivo models, rat precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and rat heart slices (PCHS) were used. All the models were treated with liposomes loaded with or without sildenafil in a concentration range of 0–2500 µg/mL of phospholipid. The toxicity was assessed in vitro and ex vivo using MTT assay. Median lethal dose (LD50) values for A549 cells and PCLS were found between 800 and 1800 µg/mL while for MHEC5‐T cells and PCHS they were found between 1000 and 1200 µg/mL. PCHS demonstrated higher LD50values as compared to PCLS. Considering the high LD50values, sildenafil‐loaded liposomes may have the potential for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension via inhalation route.Practical applications:The liposomes have a potential for administration in lungs. Toxicity study was performed to determine a safe dose for potential human administration.The use of solvents for the preparation of liposomes using the conventional dried lipid film method can be avoided.
Positional specificity of sardine digestive lipase in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and analogs
Authors: Smichi Nabil , Fendri Ahmed , Gargouri Youssef , Miled Nabil 
Published: June 2014

Using lipid emulsions as well as the monomolecular film technique, we studied some kinetic properties of sardine digestive lipase (SaDL). The pure lipase was able to hydrolyze a triolein emulsion in the absence of any additives and seems therefore to tolerate the accumulation of long free fatty acids at the interface. The kinetic behavior of SaDL can be explained by the high penetration capacity of this enzyme into a lipidic interface. SaDL hydrolyzes efficiently pure tributyrin, in the absence of additives. Subsequently, the sardine lipase is not denaturated at high interfacial energy. A kinetic study of the surface pressure dependency of the regioselectivity of SaDL was performed using an optically pure stereoisomer of diglyceride (1,2‐sn‐dicaprin) and a prochiral isomer (1,3‐sn‐dicaprin) that were spread as monomolecular films at the air‐water interface. At low surface pressure, SaDL acts preferentially on distal carboxylic ester groups of the diglyceride isomer (1,3‐sn‐dicaprin) but at high surface pressure, this enzyme prefers adjacent ester groups of the (1,2‐sn‐dicaprin) isomer. Interestingly, the SaDL was found to hydrolyze efficiently the secondary ester group of a triglyceride analog. This is in line with the fact that SaDL hydrolyzed triolein at the sn‐2 position, as shown using the thin‐layer chromatography technique. This property is sought for the synthesis of specific triacylglycerol‐based compounds, such as structured lipids.Practical applications: The sardine digestive lipase was found to efficiently hydrolyse the secondary ester group of a triglyceride analogue, a characteristic sought for the synthesis of structured lipids.The sardine digestive lipase (SaDL) showed an ability to hydrolyze the secondary ester group of a triglyceride analog (1,2‐DDG) with the R configuration (R3).
Antioxidant activity of phytosteryl phenolates
Authors: Tan Zhuliang , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: June 2014

Phytosteryl phenolates occur naturally in many cereals and were successfully synthesized through a two‐step chemoenzymatic process, as previously reported. They were also found to exhibit a system dependent antioxidant activity. Three model systems were employed in this study to shed light on the antioxidant activity and action mechanisms involved. The maintaining or enhancing of the antiradical capacity of phytosteryl phenolates in the DPPH assay suggested that these derivatives might be used as antioxidants in more lipophilic systems. However, reducing power of phytosteryl phenolates was lower than that of their phenolic acid counterparts, possibly due to their poor solubility in the aqueous test medium or via micelle formation. In the DNA scission test, phytosteryl phenolates showed either the same/or lower DNA retention ability against both peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals with the exception of phytosteryl caffeates and sinapates, which showed enhanced DNA retention ability against hydroxyl radical. Phytosteryl caffeates also displayed higher activity in DNA retention against peroxyl radical. The antioxidant activity of phytosteryl phenolates was similar or superior to that of their parent phenolic acid counterparts, suggesting their potential use as phenolic acid alternatives with added benefits of phytosterols in the food industry.DPPH radical scavenging ability of phenolic acids and their derivatives. CA, caffeic acid; FA, ferulic acid; SA, sinapic acid; and VA, vanillic acid.
Microbial reduction efficacy of various disinfection treatments on fresh‐cut cabbage
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Hee , Hong Seok‐In , Kim Dongman 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo reduce the pathogenic microorganisms of fresh‐cut vegetables, various sanitizers applied at different concentrations and against four different bacteria inoculated in high or low initial loads were tested on shredded cabbage. The bacteria were reduced by 1 log CFU g−1 after being exposed to over 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite, over 1% hydrogen peroxide, over 50 ppm peroxyacetic acid, and three types of electrolyzed water (EW) for 1 min. When the efficacy of the sanitizer was compared in the low initial bacterial load of 103–104 CFU g−1, a significant reduction in the inoculated bacteria was observed with the acidified EW treatment, followed by the 50 ppm peroxyacetic acid and the neutral EW treatment, which was more efficient than the 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite treatment. The efficacy of the various sanitizers used could be also influenced by different bacterial species.