bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing elastic properties of carbon nanotube‐based composites by using an equivalent fiber
Authors: Jam J.E. , Pourasghar A. , kamarian S. , Maleki Sh. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEffective elastic properties for carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced composites are obtained through a variety of micromechanics techniques. An embedded CNT in a polymer matrix and its surrounding interphase is replaced with an equivalent fiber for predicting the mechanical properties of the CNT/polymer composite. Formulas to extract the effective material constants from solutions for the representative volume element under three loading cases are derived based on the elasticity theory. The effects of an interphase layer between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix as result of effective interphase layer are also investigated. Furthermore, this research is aimed at characterizing the elastic properties of CNTs‐reinforced composites using Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach based on an equivalent fiber. The variations of mechanical properties with tube radius, interphase thickness, and degree of aggregation are investigated. It is shown that the presence of aggregates has stronger impact than the interphase thickness on the effective modulus of the composite. This is because aggregates have significantly lower modulus than individual CNTs. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stress profiles around broken fibers in unidirectional composites using influence superimposition technique
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Xiaoqi , Chen Zhiqian , Li Lu , Shao Jiaxing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe stress transfer from broken to its unbroken adjacent neighboring fibers in unidirectional fibrous composites under a tensile loading applied in the fiber axis is analyzed using a two‐dimensional (2D) shear lag model. The numerical solutions to the governing equations is greatly simplified by the assumptions that the displacements perpendicular to the fiber direction can be ignored, and the axial displacements are uniform over the cross section of any fiber. Using an influence function superimposition technique, closed‐form analytical expressions are used to predict stress profiles in both the fiber and matrix because of any number and arbitrary array of fiber breaks in the presence of matrix shear failure. These are compared to stress concentrations predicted using the finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that the 2D modeling presented here does generalize the governing equations to include interactions with multiple damage events. The micromechanical model is vital to develop the basic mechanics that are necessary to understand failure behavior of the composite produced by the failure of one or more of its components. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Failure to identify antenatal multiple congenital contractures and fetal akinesia – proposal of guidelines to improve diagnosis
Authors: Filges Isabel , Hall Judith G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the rate of prenatal detection of multiple congenital contractures, to identify reasons for the failure of prenatal diagnosis and to propose the first guidelines to improve prenatal diagnosis.MethodWe evaluated records on 107 individuals recognized at birth to have Amyoplasia. We reviewed the literature on the onset and development of fetal activity, antenatal clinical signs in fetal movement disorders, prenatal studies of fetal movement and contractures by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and existing guidelines.ResultIn 73.8%, the diagnosis was missed prenatally. Correct diagnosis was achieved by the identification of bilateral clubfeet on ultrasound or because mothers perceived reduced fetal movement. Ultrasound would be able to visualize contractures, joint positioning, the quality of fetal movements, lung size, muscle tissue, and bone growth in the first or early second trimester. MRI results are promising. Guidelines for assessing early fetal movement do not exist.ConclusionPrenatal detection rate of multiple congenital contractures is appalling. Failure of diagnosis precludes further etiologic and diagnostic workup and deprives families of making informed pregnancy choices. Standards for prenatal diagnosis are lacking, but on the basis of current knowledge and expert opinion, we propose the first guidelines for a prenatal diagnostic strategy, discuss future directions and the need for multicentric studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calendar time‐specific propensity scores and comparative effectiveness research for stage III colon cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Mack Christina DeFilippo , Glynn Robert J. , Brookhart M. Alan , Carpenter William R. , Meyer Anne Marie , Sandler Robert S. , Stürmer‎ Til 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeNonexperimental studies of treatment effectiveness provide an important complement to randomized trials by including heterogeneous populations. Propensity scores (PSs) are common in these studies but may not adequately capture changes in channeling experienced by innovative treatments. We use calendar time‐specific (CTS) PSs to examine the effect of oxaliplatin during dissemination from off‐label to widespread use.MethodsStage III colon cancer patients aged 65+ years initiating chemotherapy between 2003 and 2006 were examined using cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims. Two PS approaches for receipt of oxaliplatin versus 5‐flourouricil were constructed using logistic models with key components of age, sex, substage, grade, census‐level income, and comorbidities: (i) a conventional, year‐adjusted PS and (ii) a CTS PS constructed and matched separately within 1‐year intervals, then combined. We compared PS‐matched hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality using Cox models.ResultsOxaliplatin use increased significantly; 8% (n = 86) of patients received it in the first time period versus 52% (n = 386) in the last. Channeling by comorbidities, income, and age appeared to change over time. The CTS PS improved covariate balance within calendar time strata and yielded an attenuated estimated benefit of oxaliplatin (HR = 0.75) compared with the conventional PS (HR = 0.69).ConclusionIn settings where prescribing patterns have changed and calendar time acts as a confounder, a CTS PS can characterize changes in treatment choices and estimating separate PSs within specific calendar time periods may result in enhanced confounding control. To increase validity of comparative effectiveness research, researchers should carefully consider drug lifecycles and effects of innovative treatment dissemination over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mapping of linear B‐cell epitope regions in the extracellular parts of the desmoglein 1 and 3 proteins: recognition of immobilized peptides by pemphigus patients' serum autoantibodies
Authors: Szabados Hajnalka , Bősze Szilvia , Silló Pálma , Kárpáti Sarolta , Hudecz Ferenc , Uray Katalin 
Published: January 2013

Desmosomal transmembrane glycoproteins desmogleins (Dsg) 1 and 3 are targets of life‐threatening autoimmune blistering disorders such as Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and Pemphigus foliaceus (PF). In these diseases, pemphigus autoantibodies are produced against Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins. The autoantibodies bind to these transmembrane elements leading to a loss of desmosomal cell–cell adhesion and clinically, to the presence of blisters and erosions. Identification, characterization, and detailed analysis of the binding sites of autoantibodies have an outstanding importance in understanding the immunopathology of the disease and also in the design of novel diagnostics.Here, we describe the localization of the B‐cell epitope regions of Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins' extracellular parts recognized by IgG‐type serum autoantibodies of patients with PV and PF. In our study, overlapping pentadecapeptides were synthesized on hydroxypropyl methacrylate pins based on the results of in silico predictions. To detect the interaction between the serum autoantibodies and the immobilized synthetic peptides, modified Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed with pin‐attached peptides testing the serum samples of ten patients and four healthy donors. We identified five possible epitope regions (aa86‐110, aa196‐220, aa226‐250, aa326‐340, and aa486‐520) within the extracellular part of the Dsg1 and four possible epitope regions (aa64‐78, aa330‐344, aa375‐399, and aa446‐460) within that of the Dsg3 protein sequence using these methods. Our data showed that serum autoantibodies of patients, previously identified as Dsg1 and Dsg3 positive, are able to recognize continuous linear epitope regions of both Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins using pin‐bound overlapping peptides in modified ELISAs. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation‐energy‐dependent photoluminescence in glassy As–S and crystalline As2S3
Authors: Tanaka Keiji 
Published: January 2013

Abstractmagnified imagePhotoluminescence in a chalcogenide glass system As–S and a related crystal As2S3 (orpiment) has been studied with respect to excitation spectra, temperature dependence, and sample varieties. The crystal exhibits the strongest luminescence, and in the glass system, luminescence is the most intense at the stoichiometric composition As2S3. Luminescence characteristics in the As–S glasses are substantially different under excitation of bandgap and subgap light, which seem to be governed, respectively, by spatially extended electronic relaxation and direct excitation to the gap state that produces weak absorption tails.
Efficient blue‐emitting Ir(III) complexes with phenyl‐methyl‐benzimidazolyl and picolinate ligands: A DFT and time‐dependent DFT study
Authors: Song Ming‐Xing , Hao Zhao‐Min , Wu Zhi‐Jian , Song Shu‐Yan , Zhou Liang , Deng Rui‐Ping , Zhang Hong‐Jie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe series of heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes for organic light‐emitting display application have been investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures and spectroscopic properties. The geometries, electronic structures, and the lowest‐lying singlet absorptions and triplet emissions of Ir‐(pmb)3 and theoretically designed models Ir‐(Rpmb)2pic were investigated with density functional theory (DFT)‐based approaches, where pmb = phenyl‐methyl‐benzimidazolyl, pic = picolinate, and R = H/F. Their structures in the ground and excited states have been optimized at the DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ and TDDFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ levels, and the lowest absorptions and emissions were evaluated at B3LYP and M062X level of theory, respectively. The mobility of holes and electrons were studied computationally based on the Marcus theory. Calculations of ionization potentials were used to evaluate the injection abilities of holes into these complexes. The reasons for the higher electroluminescence efficiency and phosphorescence quantum yields in Ir‐(Rpmb)2pic than in Ir‐(pmb)3 have been investigated. The designed moleculars are expected to be highly emissive in pure‐blue region. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fock space multireference coupled cluster theory: Study of shape resonance
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumantra , Vaval Nayana , Pal Sourav 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe complex absorbing potential along with correlated independent particle potential (CIP) Fock space multireference coupled cluster method is used for the study of resonances. We have studied shape resonance of e−‐ F2, e−‐ N2O and e−‐CO molecules. In particular, we have studied e−‐ F2 scattering at different bond lengths to know whether
$ {\rm F}_2^- $
is bound at the equilibrium bond length of F2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associations between Confidentiality Requirements, Support Seeking and Burnout among University Hospital Physicians in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Italy (the HOUPE study)
Authors: Løvseth Lise Tevik , Fridner Ann , Jónsdóttir Lilja Sigrun , Marini Massimo , Linaker Olav Morten 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConcerns about protecting patient's privacy are experienced as a limitation in the opportunity to obtain and utilize social support by many physicians. As resources of social support can modify the process of burnout, patient confidentiality may increase risk of this syndrome by interfering with proper stress adaptation. This study investigates if experiencing limitations in seeking social support due to confidentiality concerns are associated with burnout. University hospital physicians in four European countries completed measures of burnout, (Index) of Confidentiality as a Barrier for Support (ICBS), and factors of social resources and job demands. Linear regression analysis showed that ICBS was significantly associated with the burnout dimension of Exhaustion and not with Disengagement. These findings were present when controlling for factors known to diminish or increase the likelihood of burnout. These results are the first to demonstrate that patient confidentiality is associated with burnout in the process of stress management among physicians. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivating Adult Children to Provide Support to a Family Caregiver
Authors: Gopalan Neena , Miller Megan M. , Brannon Laura A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study compared altruistically and egoistically framed messages for encouraging adult children to support a parent providing care for an elderly relative. Undergraduate students imagined their mother filling a caregiving role while reading a message about family caregiving and the physical and psychological stresses it involves. The message encouraged participants to support the caregiver either for altruistic (other‐oriented) or egoistic (self‐oriented) reasons. Thereafter, participants completed self‐assessment surveys of attachment style and willingness to provide support. Securely attached (less self‐oriented) participants were not differentially influenced by the two messages. However, insecurely attached (more self‐oriented) participants were more willing to help if they received the egoistic message than if they received the altruistic message. Thus, knowledge of a family member's attachment style can be useful for selecting an appropriate method for encouraging caregiver support. Whereas the type of message used does not matter for securely attached individuals, an egoistically framed message may be more influential than an altruistically framed message among insecurely attached individuals. It is important that clinicians work with families to establish appropriate levels of individual commitment to caregiving responsibilities or supportive behaviours such that involvement is beneficial to the health of the caregiver, the care recipient and supporters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pitch system data for condition monitoring
Authors: Nielsen Jannie S. , van de Pieterman René P. , Sørensen John D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTMeasurements of pitch motor torque and current give indirect information about the condition of the pitch system and can therefore potentially be used for condition‐based maintenance. This paper presents an analysis of these measurements for a wind turbine, and the measurements are compared with a theoretical model based on aeroelastic simulations. The blade moment is found to have only minor influence on the friction in the blade bearing. The main factors affecting the static friction are the temperature and time after the latest pitch movement. Pitch motor current and torque are proportional at a constant pitch velocity, but the 10 min maximum values are only approximately proportional, because the maximum values occur during acceleration and not simultaneously. These findings are important to consider, if using the pitch motor current or torque as an indicator for the pitch system health is considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wyndell Merritt Immediate Controlled Active Motion (ICAM) Protocol following Extensor Tendon Repairs in Zone IV–VII: Review of Literature, Orthosis Design, and Case Study—A Multimedia Article
Authors: Burns Mary C. , Derby Brian , Neumeister Michael W. 
Published: January 2013

Background Controlled post-operative motion of extensor tendon repairs in zones IV-VII is intended to facilitate tendon excursion and minimize adhesion formation. The Wyndell Merritt “relative motion” digital yoke orthosis provides a low-profile option allowing for immediate controlled active motion (ICAM) of the extensor tendon repair. The addition of a multimedia manuscript demonstrating the manufacturing of the Wyndell Merritt digital yoke orthosis may complement current literature on this topic. Methods Two case studies demonstrating the use of the Wyndell Merritt ICAM digital yoke orthosis without wrist immobilization following zone V extensor tendon repair are presented. A literature review was completed. A video was produced highlighting fabrication of the digital yoke orthosis as well as video documentation of case study 1. Results Case study 1 demonstrated mild limitations in metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion at 5-week follow-up that resolved by 6 weeks. MP hyperextension was attainable for all digits at 5 weeks. Grip strength was comparable to the contralateral uninjured hand at 10 weeks. The second patient achieved normal composite flexion/extension by 4 weeks. Attainment of normal hyperextension at the MP joints and grip strength for case study 2 was unknown, as the patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion The Wyndell Merritt ICAM digital yoke orthosis, fabricated with or without wrist immobilization, appears to facilitate the return of normal extensor tendon function after repair in zones IV through VII while minimizing morbidity to adjacent digits. This protocol provides a safe, low-profile, cost-effective alternative for post-operative treatment of zone IV-VII extensor tendon repairs.
Physical activity and patient-reported outcomes: enhancing impact
Authors: Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Capozzi Lauren 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cancer survivors across the cancer trajectory. Evidence indicates physical and psychosocial benefits, and ultimately, enhanced overall quality of life, for individuals who are more versus less active (Semin Oncol Nurs 23:285–296, 2007; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1672–1680, 2005; J Cancer Surviv 4:87–100, 2010). A number of recent reviews have been conducted that examine different patient or survivor populations and outcomes. In general, the findings across the reviews reveal potential positive associations between exercise (structured activity one engages in for the purposes of enhancing health-related fitness outcomes) and PA (any physical movement, including lifestyle types of activity) with both physical and psychological outcomes. It is important to note, however, that depending on the nature of the review and the types of studies included in the review, the strength of the findings (i.e., effect size) vary. Despite this overwhelmingly positive evidence for the benefits of PA, activity levels are very low among cancer survivors, with one study reporting only 22 % of survivors as active enough to achieve health benefits (Cancer 112(11):2475–2482, 2008). This suggests that we must begin to better understand the factors that impact the uptake and maintenance of PA among cancer survivors. These potential factors are important when considering the patient-reported outcomes to assess and can include timing (i.e., during or after treatment completion), characteristics of the cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatments (i.e., early vs. late stage cancers), and characteristics of the individual (i.e., older vs. younger).
The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010
Authors: Wimo Anders , Jönsson Linus , Bond John , Prince Martin , Winblad Bengt ,   Alzheimer Disease International
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo acquire an understanding of the societal costs of dementia and how they affect families, health and social care services, and governments to improve the lives of people with dementia and their caregivers.MethodsThe basic design of this study was a societal, prevalence‐based, gross cost‐of‐illness study in which costs were aggregated to World Health Organization regions and World Bank income groupings.ResultsThe total estimated worldwide costs of dementia were US$604 billion in 2010. About 70% of the costs occurred in western Europe and North America. In such high‐income regions, costs of informal care and the direct costs of social care contribute similar proportions of total costs, whereas the direct medical costs were much lower. In low‐ and middle‐income countries, informal care accounts for the majority of total costs; direct social care costs are negligible.ConclusionsWorldwide costs of dementia are enormous and distributed inequitably. There is considerable potential for cost increases in coming years as the diagnosis and treatment gap is reduced. There is also likely to be a trend in low‐ and middle‐income countries for social care costs to shift from the informal to the formal sector, with important implications for future aggregated costs and the financing of long‐term care. Only by investing now in research and the development of cost‐effective approaches to early diagnosis and care can future societal costs be anticipated and managed.
The global prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Prince Martin , Bryce Renata , Albanese Emiliano , Wimo Anders , Ribeiro Wagner , Ferri Cleusa P. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe evidence base on the prevalence of dementia is expanding rapidly, particularly in countries with low and middle incomes. A reappraisal of global prevalence and numbers is due, given the significant implications for social and public policy and planning.MethodsIn this study we provide a systematic review of the global literature on the prevalence of dementia (1980–2009) and metaanalysis to estimate the prevalence and numbers of those affected, aged ≥60 years in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions.ResultsAge‐standardized prevalence for those aged ≥60 years varied in a narrow band, 5%–7% in most world regions, with a higher prevalence in Latin America (8.5%), and a distinctively lower prevalence in the four sub‐Saharan African regions (2%–4%). It was estimated that 35.6 million people lived with dementia worldwide in 2010, with numbers expected to almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. In 2010, 58% of all people with dementia lived in countries with low or middle incomes, with this proportion anticipated to rise to 63% in 2030 and 71% in 2050.ConclusionThe detailed estimates in this study constitute the best current basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources in dementia care. The age‐specific prevalence of dementia varies little between world regions, and may converge further. Future projections of numbers of people with dementia may be modified substantially by preventive interventions (lowering incidence), improvements in treatment and care (prolonging survival), and disease‐modifying interventions (preventing or slowing progression). All countries need to commission nationally representative surveys that are repeated regularly to monitor trends.