bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of echocardiographic measurements in elite and nonelite Arabian endurance horses
Authors: Sleeper Meg M. , Durando Mary M. , Holbrook Todd C. , Payton Mark E. , Birks Eric K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether echocardiographic variables differed between successful (elite) and less successful (nonelite) Arabian endurance horses.
Animals—34 Arabian horses that competed in endurance racing.
Procedures—Horses were assigned to either an elite or nonelite group on the basis of results of a previous competition, and a standardized echocardiographic examination was performed on each horse within 1 to 4 weeks after that competition. Multivariable logistic regression with backward stepwise elimination was used to create a prediction model for the determination of horse status (elite or nonelite) as a function of the measured echocardiographic variables.
Results—The elite and nonelite groups consisted of 23 and 11 horses, respectively. One horse in the nonelite group had a frequent ventricular dysrhythmia that could have negatively affected its performance and rider's safety, whereas none of the horses in the elite group had remarkable cardiac abnormalities. The left ventricular internal diameter during systole and diastole and left ventricular mass and stroke volume were significantly greater for horses in the elite group, compared with those for horses in the nonelite group. The final logistic regression model correctly predicted the horse status for all of the horses in the elite group and 8 of 11 horses in the nonelite group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that heart size was significantly associated with performance for Arabian endurance horses in a manner similar to findings for Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in active competition.
‘Crows’ vs. ‘Avatar,’ or: 3D vs. Total-Dimension Immersion
Authors: Martins José Manuel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
3D film’s explicit new space depth arguably provides both an enhanced realistic quality to the image and a wealth of more acute visual and haptic sensations (a ‘montage of attractions’) to the increasingly involved spectator. But David Cronenberg’s related ironic remark that “cinema as such is from the outset a ‘special effect’” should warn us against the geometrical naiveté of such assumptions, within a Cartesian ocularcentric tradition for long overcome by Merleau-Ponty’s embodiment of perception and Deleuze’s notion of the self-consistency of the artistic sensation and space. Indeed, ‘2D’ traditional cinema already provides the accomplished “fourth wall effect,” enclosing the beholder behind his back within a space that no longer belongs to the screen (nor to ‘reality’) as such, and therefore is no longer ‘illusorily’ two-dimensional. This kind of totally absorbing, ‘dream-like’ space, metaphorical for both painting and cinema, is illustrated by the episode Crows in Kurosawa’s Dreams (1990). Such a space requires the actual effacement of the empirical status of spectator, screen, and film as separate dimensions, and it is precisely the 3D characteristic unfolding of merely frontal space layers (and film events) out of the screen towards us (and sometimes above the heads of the spectators before us) that reinstalls at the core of the film-viewing phenomenon a regressive struggle with reality and with different degrees of realism, originally overcome by film since the Lumière’s Arrival of a Train at Ciotat (L’Arrivée d’un train en gare de la Ciotat, 1896) seminal demonstration. Through an analysis of crucial aspects in Avatar (James Cameron, 2009) and the recent Cave of Forgotten Dreams (Werner Herzog, 2010), both dealing with historical and ontological deepening processes of ‘going inside,’ we shall try to show how the formal and technically advanced component of those 3D-depth films impairs, on the contrary, their apparent conceptual purpose on the level of contents, and we will assume, drawing on Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze, that this technological mistake is due to a lack of recognition of the nature of perception and sensation in relation to space and human experience.
A simple method for mapping woody plant cover in agricultural fields using airborne lidar / Lihtne meetod aerolidari andmete põhjal puitttaimestiku kaardistamiseks mahajäetud põllumaadel
Authors: Lang Mait 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Information about the status of agricultural land is of strategic interest in every country. In Estonia, different and even contradicting estimates of area of actively used as agricultural land exist. To solve this problem, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data can be used to map the woody plant cover (values range from 0 to 1 corresponding to the no cover and full tree canopy cover) in agricultural land and to provide digital maps for further analysis. Canopy cover was estimated from ALS data by setting reference height to 2 m from ground. Validation dataset was created from ortophotos on 442 rectangular 100 m2 elementary sampling units. The relationship was linear and determination coefficient was high (R2 = 0.795) and the model fitting residual standard error was 0.116 indicating good applicability of ALS for woody plant cover mapping. The method can be easily automated, does not require additional fieldwork and can be applied in all places where ALS data are available
Assessment of NTSG MODIS NPP product for forests in Kurzeme region, Latvia / Kuramaa metsade primaarproduktsiooni hindamisest NTSG MODIS NPP andmestiku abil
Authors: Lang Mait , Traškovs Agris , Gulbe Linda 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The space-borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data based net primary production (NPP) product from Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) was tested in the Kurzeme region, Latvia using a stand-wise forest inventory database. The NPP product has been validated globally and found to have no overall bias. In this study the NPP product was compared with stem biomass increment and soil fertility in respect to distance from the Baltic Sea coast. For each MODIS NPP product pixel we calculated forest cover, share of coniferous trees, average stem biomass increment and average site fertility (growth potential estimate). Then, 2432 pixels with a forest cover over 75% were selected for analysis. The results indicated that MODIS NPP decreased with distance from Baltic Sea coast but stem biomass increment and site fertility indicated a trend of increase. There was no functional relationship between MODIS NPP and stem biomass increment. Analysis of the landcover map used by NTSG for MODIS NPP product showed that the classes “Evergreen needleleaf” and “Mixed forests” differentiated only 10% by mode value of coniferous proportions in species composition. A non-natural jump was detected in the MODIS NPP values at a longitude of 22.5 degrees east corresponding to the border of the coarse scale meteorological dataset (NCEP Reanalysis (R2)) data representation unit. According to the results the MODIS NPP product is not applicable for regional level planning but can probably provide only rough average estimates of NPP for the Baltic region
Corporate Governance in Banks and its Impact on Risk and Performance: Review of Literature on the Selected Governance Mechanisms
Authors: Himaj Shkendije 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Corporate governance is viewed as an important, essential, and most significant factor for well-functioning of firms. Recent academic work and policy analyses have given insight into the governance problems in banks exposed to the financial crisis and suggest possible solutions. This paper begins by explaining the importance of corporate governance and its impact on risk taking and bank performance based on the theoretical background relevant to the corporate governance of banks. I combine the literature that looks at three areas of governance: ownership structure; board structure; and risk management, with the literature on risk-taking and performance effects in order to better assess the weight of the impact that these governance mechanisms have on both performance and risk. The paper concludes by highlighting the areas where further research is needed.
Recovery and Reduction of Non-Performing Loans – Podgorica Approach
Authors: Stijepović Ristan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Loan portfolio of Montenegro’s banking sector was largely affected by the growth in past due loans during the current financial crisis. High level of these loans limits banks’ lending activity which results in a decline in credit supply. Negative effects of the non-performing loans’ growth reflected adversely on economic strength of the real and households sectors. Majority of Montenegrin companies have significant liquidity problems and their defaults affect adversely the sound part of the economy, while reduced households spending reflects negatively on aggregate demand.
Therefore, a new approach for the recovery of these loans should be sought and reduce their negative impact on loan portfolio of the banking sector. The World Bank Financial Sector Advisory Centre (FinSac) located in Vienna proposed a series of measures and recommendations for the resolution of these loans through several modules. In addition to the strengthening of loan portfolio and initiating more dynamic lending activity of the banking sector, the project called Podgorica Approach aims at strengthening financial stability of the system, supporting debtors’ recovery, and improving economic growth.
Podgorica Approach contributed, in particular, to quantitative assessment of the recovery of non-performing loans which could return to the performing status through the restructuring process. Better qualitative understanding of these loans is necessary to act preventively and thus largely reduce migration from performing to non-performing loans. In addition, this approach aims at strengthening the incentives proposed by the authorities so that the level of non-performing loans is reduced through their successful implementation.
Adjusting altimetric sea surface height observations in coastal regions. Case study in the Greek Seas
Authors: Mintourakis Ioannis 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
When processing satellite altimetry data for Mean Sea Surface (MSS) modelling in coastal environments many problems arise. The degradation of the accuracy of the Sea Surface Height (SSH) observations close to the coastline and the usually irregular pattern and variability of the sea surface topography are the two dominant factors which have to be addressed. In the present paper, we study the statistical behavior of the SSH observations in relation to the range from the coastline for many satellite altimetry missions and we make an effort to minimize the effects of the ocean variability. Based on the above concepts we present a process strategy for the homogenization of multi satellite altimetry data that takes advantage ofweighted SSH observations and applies high degree polynomials for the adjustment and their uniffcation at a common epoch. At each step we present the contribution of each concept to MSS modelling and then we develop a MSS, a marine geoid model and a grid of gravity Free Air Anomalies (FAA) for the area under study. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of the resulting models by comparisons to state of the art global models and other available data such as GPS/leveling points, marine GPS SSH’s and marine gravity FAA’s, in order to investigate any progress achieved by the presented strategy
Qualitative: Open Source Python Tool for Quality Estimation over Multiple Machine Translation Outputs
Authors: Eleftherios Avramidis , Lukas Poustka , Sven Schmeier 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
“Qualitative” is a python toolkit for ranking and selection of sentence-level output by different MT systems using Quality Estimation. The toolkit implements a basic pipeline for annotating the given sentences with black-box features. Consequently, it applies a machine learning mechanism in order to rank data based on models pre-trained on human preferences. The preprocessing pipeline includes support for language models, PCFG parsing, language checking tools and various other pre-processors and feature generators. The code follows the principles of object-oriented programming to allow modularity and extensibility. The tool can operate by processing both batch-files and single sentences. An XML-RPC interface is provided for hooking up with web-services and a graphical animated web-based interface demonstrates its potential on-line use.
Multilingual Dependency Parsing: Using Machine Translated Texts Instead of Parallel Corpora
Authors: Loganathan Ramasamy , David Mareček , Zdenčk Žabokrtský 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper revisits the projection-based approach to dependency grammar induction task. Traditional cross-lingual dependency induction tasks one way or the other, depend on the existence of bitexts or target language tools such as part-of-speech (POS) taggers to obtain reasonable parsing accuracy. In this paper, we transfer dependency parsers using only approximate resources, i.e., machine translated bitexts instead of manually created bitexts. We do this by obtaining the the source side of the text from a machine translation (MT) system and then apply transfer approaches to induce parser for the target languages. We further reduce the need for the availability of labeled target language resources by using unsupervised target tagger. We show that our approach consistently outperforms unsupervised parsers by a bigger margin (8.2% absolute), and results in similar performance when compared with delexicalized transfer parsers.
An Interplay between Valency Information and Reflexivity
Authors: Václava Kettnerová , Markéta Lopatková , Jarmila Panevová 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A language description based on a formally defined framework has many advantages: The possibility to check the inner consistency of the model as well as the possibility of comparison with other models or with pure descriptive approaches belong to its main priorities.
Roland Wagner's contribution published in the last issue of this journal – focusing (among other ideas) on the role of Czech reflexives – presents several critical remarks concerning the Functional Generative Description. These remarks represent a good challenge for the authors developing this model to fill empirical gaps and to make clear some theoretical presuppositions concerning valency frames of verbs and their respective reflexive counterparts that are primarily addressed by Roland Wagner's critical survey.
Giant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Crnjac Anton , Veingerl Bojan , Vidovic Damjan , Kavalar Rajko , Hojski Aljaz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background. Solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura (SFTP) are rare tumours. They are mostly benign. Only around 12% of them are malignant. In the initial stage they are mostly asymptomatic and by growing they cause chest pain, irritating cough and dyspnoea on account of the pressure created on the surrounding structures. Rare giant tumours have compression symptoms on the mediastinal structures. The condition requires tiered diagnostic radiology. Preoperative biopsy is not successful in most cases. The therapy of choice is radical surgical tumour removal. Malignant or non-radically removed benign solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura additionally require neoadjuvant therapy.

Case report. A 68-year old patient was hospitalized for giant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura in the right pleural cavity. With its expansive growth the tumour caused the shift of the mediastinum by compressing the lower vena cava, right cardiac auricle as well as the intermediate and lower lobe bronchus. Due to cardiac inflow obstruction and right lung collapse, the patient’s life was endangered with signs of cardio-respiratory failure. After preoperative diagnostic radiology, the tumour was surgically removed. Postoperatively, the patient’s condition improved. No disease recurrence was diagnosed after a year.

Conclusions. Giant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura may cause serious and life-threatening conditions by causing compression of the pleural cavity with its expansive growth. Early diagnosis of the condition enables less aggressive as well as video-assisted thoracic surgery in patients with significantly better state of health. Large tumour surgeries in cardio-respiratory affected patients are highly risk-associated procedures.
Playing Position: Anthropometric and Fitness Demands in Youth Soccer
Authors: Gioldasis Aristotelis , Bekris Evangelos , Gissis Ioannis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric and fitness characteristics of soccer players with different positional role. Although, players’ skills are not equally distributed in each position, at elite soccer they have to perform each skill at a sufficient level. However, coaches expertise those from an early age in specific positions without giving them an holistic individualized training. In the study participated 312 Greek players aged 6 to 17 (M= 11.89; SD= 2.33) of 5 age groups (group U7-U8; group U9-U10; group U11-U12; group U13-U14; group U15-U16; group U17). Anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index and body fat) and fitness characteristics (flexibility, vertical jump, running speed, agility and VO2max) of participants were measured. The study showed that goalkeepers and central defenders tend to perform worse than players of the other positional groups in most of their fitness characteristics for almost all the age groups. Furthermore, many tendencies were observed in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between players with different positional roles. This study provides suggestions to coaches regarding their practice of positioning players according to their anthropometric and fitness characteristics for a short term success.
A note on meteorological variables related trends in the MODIS NPP product for Estonia / Meteoroloogilised andmed põhjustavad vigu MODISe primaarproduktsiooni hinnangutes Eesti alal
Authors: Eenmäe Alo , Nilson Tiit , Lang Mait 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The MODIS (The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) yearly NPP (Net Primary Production) 1 km resolution products were collected over Estonia for years 2000-2010. The MODIS NPP product for forest pixels showed a clear West-East decreasing trend over the Estonian territory. At the same time the trunk volume increment estimates extracted from the Estonian national statistics averaged over the same period showed the opposite trend. The MODIS NPP algorithm seems to overestimate the contribution of meteorological variables and to ignore the role of soil fertility differences. To improve the predictive power of MODIS algorithm to describe local NPP differences, the local meteorological data with higher spatial resolution should be used as an input in the NPP calculations, whereas the algorithm should be modified by optimizing the input parameters and including parameters of soil fertility into the calculation scheme.
Lennukilidari ja spektraalse kaugseireandmestiku kasutamine metsa peamiste takseertunnuste hindamiseks Aegviidu katsealal / Estimation of main forest inventory variables from spectral and airborne lidar data in Aegviidu test site, Estonia
Authors: Lang Mait , Anniste Johannes , Arumäe Tauri 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Field measurements from 450 sample plots, airborne lidar data and spectral images from Aegviidu, Estonia, 15 by 15 km test site were used to analyse options to estimate main forest inventory variables using remote sensing data. Up to 7 m random error in location of 15 m radius sample plots within homogeneous stands causes usually about 0.5 m standard deviation in lidar pulse return height distribution percentiles. Forest mean height can be predicted with linear relationship from 80th percentile of lidar pulse return height distribution. Upper percentiles of pulse return height distribution are not significantly affected by omitting returns from ground and forest understorey vegetation. Total stem volume in forest can be predicted by using 80th percentile, 25th percentile and canopy cover as model arguments with less than 70 m3 ha-1 standard error. Best species specific stem volume models had 10 m3 ha-1 smaller standard error.
De la poétique de l'amour à la dialectique homme-femme
Authors: Thomasset Alain 
Published: September 2014

Le Parcours de la reconnaissance se termine par l’évocation d’une « bienveillance » qui puisse être au plan originaire du lien social « la contrepartie pacifique de la lutte pour la reconnaissance ». Mais l’explicitation de cette tension entre lutte et bienveillance reste pour Ricœur un programme à accomplir. Or l’anthropologie sociale de G. Fessard se situe à la hauteur des questions posées par Ricœur. Pour Fessard, c’est l’interférence constante des deux dialectiques sociales maître-esclave et homme-femme qui rend compte de la genèse du lien social et de la réalité historique. La lutte à mort, à la base de tous les rapports sociaux et fondatrice d’un rapport de domination, est en fait toujours travaillée de l’intérieur par la dialectique de la reconnaissance réciproque d’amour dont le rapport homme-femme est la figure. Là où Ricœur fait jouer à l’amour un rôle essentiellement poétique et méta-éthique de surabondance non institutionnel, Fessard s’aventure à penser une dialectique entre justice et charité qui est structurante de la création du lien social à tous les niveaux. La dialectique homme-femme est une manière de traduire en termes d’anthropologie sociale fondamentale le fonds de bienveillance de l’homme auquel Ricœur fait appel pour faire face au défi de Hobbes. Elle donne une origine dialectique à « l’amitié politique » et autorise à penser l’amplitude de la reconnaissance à divers échelons de la vie sociale et politique.
Don cérémoniel, paradoxe de l'altérité et reconnaissance réciproque
Authors: Hénaff Marcel 
Published: September 2014

L’exigence de reconnaissance réciproque éclaire la nature même du don cérémoniel en tant que ce type de don est d’abord une procédure d’alliance entre deux partenaires ou deux groupes susceptibles de s’opposer. En cela le don cérémoniel se différencie profondément des deux autres principaux types de don : le don gracieux unilatéral et le don solidaire mutuel. Le don cérémoniel est au cœur de la vie sociale des sociétés traditionnelles, car il est au cœur de l’alliance exogamique. Il vise à surmonter l’altérité radicale de deux groupes, mais doit en même temps affirmer cette altérité (le même ne saurait s’unir au même comme le postule la prohibition de l’inceste). Il faut que l’autre soit en quelque sorte radicalement autre pour que l’alliance soit possible i. e. légitime. Du point de vue logique, cette relation de réciprocité est à la fois une relation interne d’implication et une relation non prédictible de contingence ; donc à la fois analytique selon un point de vue et synthétique selon un autre. C’est ce que suppose le geste de reconnaissance à la fois exigible et libre. La réponse à construire pour assumer et surmonter ce paradoxe passera par les approches de Mauss, Lévi-Strauss, Peirce, Wittgenstein.