bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loyalty Currency and Mental Accounting: Do Consumers Treat Points Like Money?
Authors: Lim Freddy , Chun So Yeon , Satopää Ville 
Published: July 2024

Problem definition: Loyalty programs have greatly expanded in scale and scope, and loyalty points issued by firms serve as a new form of currency alongside the traditional currency of money. In this paper, we study how consumers decide to pay with points or money for a purchase and how these decisions are affected by consumers’ points earning characteristics. Methodology/results: We develop a model of consumers’ payment choices and estimate it on proprietary loyalty program data from a major U.S. airline company using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Our results demonstrate that mental accounting, the subjective perceived value of points, and the reference exchange rate play important roles in consumers’ payment choices. Moreover, the primary points earning source and the total earning level are jointly associated with consumers’ attitudes toward points and money: Consumers who earn many points and mostly with the focal firm tend to value points more than money, while those who earn few points or mostly through a cobranded credit card tend to value money more than points. To better understand heterogeneity in consumers’ attitudes toward points, we propose a probabilistic segmentation of consumers and identify four behavioral segments with distinctive characteristics. Through counterfactual analysis, we demonstrate how a firm can implement money and point pricing policies to optimally target and influence consumers’ payment choices. Managerial implications: It is important for firms to understand how consumers think about points and decide to pay with points or money as it affects firms’ cash flows, profitability, and consumer loyalty and engagement. We demonstrate that firms can design optimal price targeting policies by utilizing the significant level of heterogeneity in consumers’ attitudes toward points. Furthermore, our results indicate that firms that are expanding their partnership networks and offering more points earning sources should consider the impact that this would have on consumers’ mental accounting of money and points, and consequently their payment choices. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0287 .
Simplifying asynchronous optical sampling: an experimental approach toward industrial integration exploiting lock-in acquisition
Authors: Peli Simone , Tognazzi Andrea , Franceschini Paolo , Gandolfi Marco , Giannetti Claudio , Ferrini Gabriele , Banfi Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Time-resolved optical spectroscopies are emerging as a go-to technique
for non-destructive testing of nanomaterials. Inspecting the thermal
and mechanical properties of a mesoscale device requires achieving
delay times beyond the ns timescale in a nanoscopy setup, potentially
in a vibration polluted environment. These requirements constitute a
major challenge for traditional pump-probe techniques based on moving
mechanical delay lines and lock-in detection. Asynchronous optical
sampling (ASOPS) and electronically controlled optical sampling
(ECOPS), avoiding any moving mechanical parts, are good alternatives.
However, their detection scheme is based on fast-balanced photodiodes,
which, as a technology, are not as widespread, not as developed, and
lack the performance of lock-in based detection. In this study, we
introduce what we believe is a novel approach that integrates
ASOPS/ECOPS and lock-in detection methodologies, eliminating the
necessity for a reference signal and streamlining the optical
configuration. By leveraging the strengths of each technique, our
approach enhances simplicity and efficiency. The scheme is first
validated against standard approaches in the frame of a beam-depletion
measurement in a sum frequency experiment. It is then tested in a
paradigmatic case study to inspect the mechanics of a single gold
nanodisk, with dimensions in the 100 nm range, nanopatterned on a
sapphire substrate. These results widen the range of applicability of
time-resolved optical techniques as a nano-metrology tool to
industrial settings.
Association between fetal hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and disease severity in patients with sickle cell disease at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Kahema Samwel Edward , Mbulwa Cosmas H. , Bagenda Charles Nkubi , Niyonzima Nixon , Muwanguzi Enoch , Mcharo Tunzo L. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
There is a wide range of clinical manifestations in sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite having the same condition, each person’s response to disease complications differs greatly. Individuals can be categorized according to the severity of their diseases to determine which group they fall into and receive the appropriate care based on their needs. The relationship between fetal hemoglobin (HbF), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and disease severity in Tanzania is little understood. This investigation sought to ascertain the relationship between HbF, LDH, and disease severity in SCD patients at the Bugando Medical Center.

Method
This cross-sectional study was carried out on SCD patients aged 6 months and older at the Bugando Medical Center in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 130 SCD patients were enrolled. The clinical history and laboratory test results for SCD patients were recorded on a specially constructed patient report form.

Results
The majority of participants (56.9%) were men. For the population under study, more than half (60.8%) of participants had a moderate clinical phenotype (MCP), followed by 31.5% of asymptomatic participants and 7.7% of people with severe clinical phenotypes (SCP). Participants with SCP had substantially higher levels of LDH, with a mean level of 810.97IU/L (95% CI: 559.31–1062.64) and a p-value of 0.005. The severe clinical phenotype exhibited a significantly higher mean HbF score value of 10.09% (95% CI: 7.44–13.74%) with a p-value of 0.024 when compared to the asymptomatic and moderate clinical phenotypes.

Conclusion
In SCD patients with SCP compared to ACP and MCP, the HbF levels were higher, but did not show a protective effects, and LDH can be used to predict the severity of SCD.
Sex differences in the association between sleep duration and muscle quality index in adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Xu Bin , Jiang MengNi , Wei Yu , Duan Ran , Tong Feng 
Published: July 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep duration and muscle quality index (MQI) in middle-aged and older age groups, as limited evidence exists on this topic.

Methods
In order to assess the relationship between sleep duration and MQI, a cross-sectional study was undertaken, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) acquired during the period from 2011 to 2014. The study comprised a total of 4598 participants aged 20 years and above. To examine the association between sleep duration and MQI, sophisticated weighted multivariate linear regression models were employed. Additionally, smooth curve fitting techniques were applied to examine the possibility of any non-linear relationship between the two variables.

Results
The average age of the adults who were enrolled in the study was 38.48±11.69 years, and 46.75% of them were female. The results of the multivariable linear regression models showed that sleep duration had a positive correlation with MQI. However, when subgroup analysis was conducted, it was found that this positive correlation only existed among women (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.014 to 0.167). To further confirm the differences between sexes in the relationship between sleep duration and MQI, a weighted generalized additive model (GAM) was used.

Conclusions
This research study provides evidence that there is a positive correlation between the duration of sleep and MQI specifically in females, while no such association was observed in males. These findings shed light on the existence of gender disparities in the connection between sleep duration and MQI.
Antenatal care utilisation and receipt of its components in Nigeria: Assessing disparities between rural and urban areas—A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O. , Auta Asa , Adewuyi Mary I. , Philip Aaron Akpu , Olutuase Victory , Zhao Yun , Khanal Vishnu 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for positive pregnancy outcomes, but it is underutilised in Nigeria, suggesting unmet needs, and potentially contributing to the country’s high burden of maternal and neonatal mortalities. This study comprehensively assesses ANC utilisation and receipt of its components in Nigeria, focusing on disparities between rural and urban areas.

Methods
We used the data disaggregation approach to analyse the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. We estimated ANC utilisation, assessed the receipt of ANC components, and identified factors associated with eight or more (≥ 8) ANC contacts nationally and across rural and urban residences.

Results
Nationwide, only 20.3% of women had ≥ 8 ANC contacts, with a significant disparity (P < 0.001) between urban (35.5%) and rural (10.4%) areas in Nigeria. The North-East region had the lowest ANC utilisation nationally (3.7%) and in urban areas (3.0%), while the North-West had the lowest in rural areas (2.7%). Nationally, 69% of mothers received iron supplements, 70% had tetanus injections, and 16% received medicines for intestinal parasites, with urban residents having higher proportions across all ANC components. Maternal and husband education, health insurance, and maternal autonomy were associated with increased ANC odds at the national, rural, and urban residences. However, differences exist, with all ethnicities having higher ANC odds than the Hausa/Fulanis in urban areas and the Yorubas demonstrating greater odds than other ethnicities in rural settings. Internet use was significant only in the national context, watching television only in urban settings, while maternal working status, wealth, birth type, religion, and radio listenership were significant in rural areas.

Conclusion
Our study reveals significant disparities in ANC utilisation and components across Nigeria, with rural residents, particularly in northern regions, as well as socioeconomically disadvantaged and teenage mothers facing notable challenges. A multifaceted approach prioritising the interplay of intersectional factors like geography, socioeconomic status, education, religion, ethnicity, and gender dynamics is essential. Key strategies should include targeted interventions to promote educational opportunities, expand health insurance coverage, leverage internet and context-specific media, and foster socioeconomic empowerment, with priority for underserved populations.
Mao Zedong’s Works in the Arab World: Translation, Publication, and Influence
Authors: Xue Qingguo , Hu Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article sorts out the translation, publication, and influence of Mao Zedong’s works in the Arab world. The translation and publication of the Arabic version of Mao Zedong’s works took about 30 years from the early 1950s to the late 1970s. Among them, the four-volume “Selected Works of Mao Zedong” published by Foreign Languages Press is a high-level translation completed by top Chinese Arabic translators represented by Mr. Liu Linrui after overcoming various difficulties and has had a wide impact in the Arab world. Arab left-wing friendly figures and the publishing organizations they sponsor also made important contributions to the translation and publication of Mao Zedong’s works. These works inspired many Arab countries in their struggle to gain independence and liberation. The dissemination of Mao Zedong’s works in Arab countries is of great significance in shaping the positive image of new China in the Arab world, spreading China’s revolution and modernization construction experience, promoting Sino-Arab friendship, helping cultivate Chinese media talents’ proficiency in Arabic and enhancing China’s soft power construction.
Reasons for Arab Cultural Attraction to China: An Analytical Reading
Authors: Reda Sidawi Rafif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to identify the most prominent cultural reasons that have strengthened China’s position and image in the Arab world in the last three decades, especially after China promotes the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. The Arab cultural attraction to China has its roots in ancient history, where the Silk Road linked China to the Arab world. In contemporary times, elements of this attraction include China’s successful development model, friendly bilateral relations, and Chinese cultural values that are well-received by Arabs. The Belt and Road Initiative has contributed to the promotion of China-Arab relations at all levels. To overcome obstacles to deepening these relations, cultural efforts and initiatives should be intensified between the two parties to establish authentic knowledge based on mutual respect and mental integrity.
Blockchain Technology and its Use Along the Scientific Research Workflow
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie , Chalk Stuart , Frey Jeremy , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Kochalko David , Shute Richard , Sopek Mirek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

At the Council meeting held during the 2019 World Chemistry Congress in Paris, a representative from one of IUPAC’s National Adhering Organizations raised the question “What is Blockchain Technology?” They went on to say that both “Blockchain” and “Artificial Intelligence” were prominent buzzwords and asked if IUPAC could provide information on how these technologies were impacting science in general and chemistry in particular. Coincidentally, at that same Congress, the technology had been the subject of a presentation by Richard Shute [1], one of the authors of this paper, and the technology had already captured the interest of Bonnie Lawlor, another of the authors of this paper, to the extent that she published an article in Chemistry International (CI) on the topic the following year [2]. As a result of the question raised at the Council meeting, Javier García-Martínez, IUPAC President 2022-2023, suggested that a white paper on Blockchain be developed (Note: Artificial Intelligence was made the focus of the global, virtual 2021 World Chemistry Leadership Meeting (WCLM) and a brief article on that special event was published in the July 2022 issue of CI [3]).
Joseph Conrad’s reluctant raconteurs
Authors: Peters John G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A commonality among so many of Conrad’s narrators is their reluctance to reveal important information regarding the stories they tell. These narrators delay, obscure, or withhold, sometimes partly and sometimes entirely, crucial components to the tales they tell. This essay investigates why these narrators behave as they do. In some instances (as in Falk), the narrator looks to recreate in his listeners (and the reader) his bewilderment as to Falk’s refusal to tow his ship and later to Falk’s “misfortune,” as Falk terms it. In other instances, such as Typhoon and Suspense, the narrator requires the reader to supply the missing information. On the other hand, in Nostromo, for example, the third-person narrator, despite knowing so very much, regularly relies on legend, hearsay, and other similar sources in narrating the novel, thereby questioning the idea of absolute knowledge, positing instead a contingent knowledge.
Horizontal metalepsis in narrative fiction
Authors: Schlickers Sabine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a paradoxical narrative device that is controversially discussed in narratology. Since the introduction of metalepsis into narratology by Gérard Genette in the “Discours du récit” (1972) – “Tous ces jeux manifestent […] l’importance de la limite qu’ils s’ingénient à franchir au mépris de la vraisemblance, et qui est précisément la narration (ou la représentation) elle-même; frontière mouvante mais sacrée entre deux mondes: celui où l’on raconte, celui que l’on raconte”
“All these games show […] the importance of the boundary that they try so hard to cross, in defiance of verisimilitude, and which is precisely narration (or representation) itself; a moving but sacred boundary between two worlds: the world in which someone tells, and the world that someone tells” (my translation).
– metalepsis was always modelled vertically. As early as 2005, Sabine Schlickers and Klaus Meyer-Minnemann proposed a horizontal modelling of this narrative device at a Paris conference on the metalepsis. In the following, I would like to take up this proposal once again, present the more recent criticism of this concept and then demonstrate the functioning of horizontal metalepsis using a series of examples from Argentinian literature and the visual arts.
“Small machines of words”: poetics, phonetics, and mechanisms of narrative realism in late twentieth-century Hip Hop
Authors: Cosper David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work begins with an exploration of various analytical techniques for discerning and describing details of vocal performance in the song “Episodes,” from Philadelphia Hip Hop group The Roots’ 1996 album,Illadelph Halflife. I pair this musical analysis with textual exegesis drawing on narratology and speech act theory. Reconciling the two analytical approaches, I conclude by suggesting a refreshed notion ofaffective realismin late twentieth-century Hip Hop, characterized by consistency between poetic, phonetic, illocutionary, and performative dynamics in rap verse.
Surgical systematic reviews: best available evidence or disposable waste?
Authors: Klotz Rosa , Tenckhoff Solveig , Probst Pascal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Evidence-based medicine demands treatment options for patients to be based on the current best available evidence. Systematic reviews (SRs) with meta-analyses allow surgeons to make therapeutical decisions in accordance with the highest level of evidence. Also, high-quality SRs support physicians to challenge the colossal amount of new research data created daily. The systematic review working group of the Study Center of the German Society of Surgery (SDGC) has created specific methodological literature regarding surgical SRs, giving recommendations to assess critical risk of bias and to prevent the creation of SRs that do not provide any new insights to the field. SRs should only be considered if there is new clinically relevant data available that allows the SR to create novel evidence. To address the dilemma of new SRs generated without adding new evidence, living systematic reviews and evidence mapping represent an innovative approach, in which SRs are regularly updated with new research data.
CBDC and the Banking System
Authors: Auer Simone , Branzoli Nicola , Ferrero Giuseppe , Ilari Antonio , Palazzo Francesco , Rainone Edoardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the potential impact a central bank digital currency (CBDC) on banks’ balance sheets. We first analyze the possible implications of the introduction of a CBDC for the banking system and the economy as a whole. Our analysis indicates that the impact of a CBDC depends on a number of design choices and on how credit institutions re-optimize their balance sheets in response to the outflow of deposits caused by the substitution of private money with public digital money. We then present a series of illustrative simulations on the impact of a CBDC on the funding structure and profitability of credit institutions using data on Italian banks between June 2021 and March 2023. The analysis suggests that the overall impact on banks’ funding could be manageable in the presence of individual holding limits and in an environment characterized by ample liquidity and stable funding for credit institutions. The cost of covering the reduction of deposits would be relatively higher for intermediaries with low excess reserves and for those that may need to issue long-term liabilities to maintain stable funding levels above regulatory requirements.
Green synthesis of Vitis vinifera extract-appended magnesium oxide NPs for biomedical applications
Authors: Edwin Mary Harli Mol , Sundara Raj Ajin Sundar , Mani Aravind , Sillanpää Mika , Al-Farraj Saleh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biologically active magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesised using green reduction with an extract derived from the Vitis vinifera plant. The investigation focused on examining the structure and carbon abundance resulting from the thermal degradation of adsorbed biomolecules. It was accomplished using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR analysis techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies conducted on MgO nanoparticles indicate the absence of any supplementary peaks, thereby indicating the purity of the material. The morphological characteristics, which have been examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy and TEM methodologies, demonstrate the presence of particles with a spherical shape, exhibiting minimal agglomeration and a uniform distribution across the surfaces of MgO. The porous structure, porosity, and pore volume of the MgO particles were evaluated using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis. The experimental findings reveal that the surface area of the MgO nanoparticles is 23.8742 m2/g, while the total pore volume is 0.12528 cm3/g. Additionally, the average pore diameter is determined to be 1.7 nm. These observations collectively suggest the presence of microporous structures within the MgO nanoparticles. This article discusses the biological studies to assess the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities of the synthesised MgO nanoparticles.
Perforated duodenal ulcer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: an unusual complication
Authors: Munhoz Ana , Paiva Cláudia , Mesquita Isabel , Correia Teresa , Marcos Mário , Santos Jorge , Soares Paulo 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Bariatric surgery is increasingly being accepted as a viable treatment for managing the growing obesity epidemic. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed procedures. Perforated duodenal ulcer following RYGB is a rare condition with a low incidence. We report a case of a patient with a perforated duodenal ulcer post RYGB, and the surgical approach. A 66-year-old man with hypertension and a history of laparoscopic RYGB for class III obesity was admitted to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain radiating to the right side of his abdomen and right shoulder, associated with nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) showed intraperitoneal free fluid, a thickened wall of the duodenum and free air, duodenal perforation was suspected. The patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy that revealed a perforated duodenal ulcer that was closed with an absorbable barbed suture and omental patch. Perforated ulcers in excluded segments after RYGB are a rare entity with a challenging diagnosis, and clinicians should be aware of and have a low threshold for diagnostic laparoscopy.

Learning points

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in bariatric surgery.

Perforated ulcers in excluded segments after RYGB are a rare entity with a challenging diagnosis.

The pathophysiology of this perforation is not clear, but several mechanisms have been proposed. Helicobacter pylori has been implicated.

Clinicians should be aware and have a low threshold for diagnostic laparoscopy for a patient who has acute abdominal pain after RYGB, despite negative diagnostic measures.