bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective application placement in fog computing using graph neural network-based reinforcement learning
Authors: Lera Isaac , Guerrero Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe propose a framework designed to tackle a multi-objective optimization challenge related to the placement of applications in fog computing, employing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. Unlike other optimization techniques, such as integer linear programming or genetic algorithms, DRL models are applied in real time to solve similar problem situations after training. Our model comprises a learning process featuring a graph neural network and two actor-critics, providing a holistic perspective on the priorities concerning interconnected services that constitute an application. The learning model incorporates the relationships between services as a crucial factor in placement decisions: Services with higher dependencies take precedence in location selection. Our experimental investigation involves illustrative cases where we compare our results with baseline strategies and genetic algorithms. We observed a comparable Pareto set with negligible execution times, measured in the order of milliseconds, in contrast to the hours required by alternative approaches.
Paradoxes in work-related learning—and how they are perceived by practitioners
Authors: Paulsen Hilko , Kortsch Timo , Decius Julian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article in the journal “Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO)” theoretically and empirically examines potential paradoxes in work-related learning. Organizations are full of paradoxical situations that also affect work-related learning. Based on three forms of work-related learning (i.e., formal, informal, and self-regulated learning) and three learning-relevant dimensions of organizational goal conflicts (i.e., stability vs. change, exploration vs. exploitation, and short-term vs. long-term), nine work-related learning tensions are described that can lead to paradoxical situations. Using survey data of 113 experts from the field, these tensions were evaluated according to their frequency in everyday organizational life and their perceived contradictory nature. The findings show that there are many frequently occurring but less contradictory tensions and some very contradictory but rarely occurring tensions. Implications of the results are discussed.
Die Dreidimensionalität der Organisationsparadoxie – Prozessstudie eines Krankenhauses im Umgang mit der COVID-19 Pandemie
Authors: Tuckermann Harald 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungWährend der COVID-19 Pandemie mussten Krankenhäuser und ihre Mitarbeitenden mit vielfältigen Paradoxien umgehen, die als permanente Widersprüche unterschiedlicher Erwartungen sichtbar wurden. Die systemtheoretisch informierte Analyse der Daten einer longitudinalen Prozessstudie eines Krankenhauses zum Umgang mit der Pandemie fokussiert auf das spannungsreiche Verhältnis zur Erwartung, sowohl COVID-19 als auch möglichst alle anderen Patienten zu behandeln, das die Paradoxie auf Ebene der Organisation als Spannungsfeld zwischen Einheiten illustriert. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass diese Paradoxie drei zu berücksichtigende Dimensionen aufweist. Sachlich stehen unterschiedliche Alternativen zur Auswahl. Sozial gilt es, zwischen zentralen Vorgaben und dezentraler Akzeptanz von Entscheidungen zu balancieren. Zeitlich geht es um die Berücksichtigung der gegenwärtigen Situation und der künftigen Entwicklung. Diese Dreidimensionalität charakterisiert die praktische Herausforderung im Umgang mit einer Extremsituation wie der Pandemie, deren Beginn, Intensität, Dynamik und Dauer nicht prognostizierbar sind. Neben dieser praktisch relevanten Rekonstruktion liegt der theoretische Beitrag mit Blick auf die englischsprachige Literatur zu organisationalen Paradoxien darin, den dortigen Fokus auf eine Dimension auszudehnen und somit den Erklärungsraum der Forschung zu erweitern.
Potential Development Ability of Residual Zoites, a Second-Generation Meront, Inducing Long-Term Infection by the Mouse Eimerian Parasite, Eimeria krijgsmanni
Authors: Mizuno Masanobu , Kiyotake Satoru , Matsubayashi Makoto , Kaneko Takane , Hatai Hitoshi , Fujimoto Yoshikazu , Ijiri Moe , Kawaguchi Hiroaki , Matsui Toshihiro , Matsuo Tomohide 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Coccidiosis caused by eimerian parasites results in lethal watery or bloody diarrhea in hosts, and markedly impairs the growth of and feed utilization by host animals. We previously investigated detailed the life cycle of Eimeria krijgsmanni as a mouse eimerian parasite. Only second-generation meronts, as an asexual stage, were morphologically detected in the epithelium of the host cecum for at least 8 weeks after infection, even though oocyst shedding finished approximately 3 weeks after infection. The presence of zoites was of interest because infection by eimerian parasites is considered to be self-limited after their patent period.

Methods
To clarify the significance of residual second-generation meronts in E. krijgsmanni infection, we performed infection experiments using immunocompetent mice under artificial immunosuppression and congenital immunodeficient mice.

Results
The number of oocysts discharged and the duration of oocyst discharge both increased in immunosuppressed mice. In immunodeficient mice, numerous oocysts were shed over a markedly longer period, and oocyst discharge did not finish until 56 days after inoculation.

Conclusions
The present results suggest that the second-generation meronts survived in the epithelial cells of the cecum after the patent period, thereby contributing to extended infection as an asexual stage. The results obtained on E. krijgsmanni indicate that infections by Eimeria spp. are not self-limited and potentially continue for a long period of time.
In search of per capita effects of Prunus serotina Ehrh. invasion on temperate forest understory alpha diversity
Authors: Bury Sebastian , Jagodziński Andrzej M. , Dyderski Marcin K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrunus serotina is one of the most widespread alien tree species in temperate European forests. Although numerous studies revealed both negative and positive impacts on native ecosystems, only a few assessed the quantitative impacts along a species abundance gradient, based on aboveground biomass of per capita effects. Here we studied how alpha diversity of forest understory changes with increasing aboveground biomass of P. serotina. In Wielkopolska National Park (W Poland) we established 92 plots in both nutrient-rich and poor Pinus sylvestris stands. We assessed the effects of P. serotina proportion on understory species composition using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). We also assessed the effects of P. serotina proportion on alpha diversity metrics using generalized mixed-effects linear models, accounting also for stand age, soil C:N ratio, and light availability. P. serotina biomass ranged from 0.0 to 34.29 Mg ha−1 (with an average of 5.70 ± 0.83 Mg ha−1), comprising 0% to 17.26% (with an average of 2.93 ± 0.43%) of total woody species biomass. NMDS revealed a lack of P. serotina proportion effects on understory species composition. We found small positive impacts of P. serotina proportion on total species richness (+ 8.8 species along a gradient with a 10% increase of P. serotina biomass proportion) and functional richness (+ 0.08). The positive impacts of P. serotina were mostly related to the confounding effect of two factors: an increase in light availability facilitates both the development of understory plants as well as the growth of P. serotina.
Assessment of the Microstructural Evolution of Naturally Aged Open-Cell Al-1.96Cu (at.%) Foams
Authors: Azamar M. F. , Hernández R. , Figueroa I. A. , Gonzalez G. , Novelo-Peralta O. , Lara-Rodríguez G. A. , Alfonso I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOpen-cell Al-1.96Cu (at.%) foams were produced by the replication casting technique in a 2.00–2.38 mm cell size. The produced foams were solution-treated at 535 °C for 5.5 h. Afterward, natural aging occurred at room temperature for 12, 24, and 36 months, and as a reference artificial aging at 170 °C for 8 h was also reported. The microstructural evolution of the studied samples was assessed through X-ray diffraction, the Rietveld refinement technique, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, Vickers microhardness tests were carried out for all testing conditions. It was found that the lattice parameter of the supersaturated α-Al phase increased progressively with the natural aging at room temperature, which was attributed to the diffusion from the solid solution of the initially supersaturating Cu atoms toward Guinier–Preston zones and Cu-rich precipitates, thereby relaxing the Al lattice. In addition, it was demonstrated that the microstructure after natural and artificial aging is different.
Beyond the smile: a systematic review of diagnostic tools for peripheral facial paralysis
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto , Donati Danilo , Giorgi Federica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Effective rehabilitation of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) requires reliable assessment tools. This systematic review aimed to identify and validate instruments used in PFP rehabilitation, categorizing them according to the ICF framework.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2024. Observational analytical studies and one non-randomized controlled trial that validated tools for assessing PFP were included.

Results
Thirty-three studies were included, covering twenty different tools. Seventeen tools were related to the "Structure and Function" domain, while three addressed "Activity and Participation." The Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann scales were the most extensively studied. The Sunnybrook scale exhibited excellent intra- and inter-rater reproducibility and internal validity, making it suitable for clinical use. The House-Brackmann scale was user-friendly but had limitations in reproducibility and sensitivity to subtle differences, which newer versions like the FNGS 2.0 aimed to address. The FAME scale showed promise by reducing subjective scoring. Computerized tools, such as eFACE and A-FPG, and instruments for lip asymmetry and ocular involvement demonstrated potential but require further validation. The Facial Disability Index and the FaCE Scale were validated for assessing disability and participation restrictions.

Conclusion
This review identified several validated tools for PFP assessment, with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann scales being the most reliable. While emerging tools and computerized programs show promise, they need further validation for routine clinical use. Integrating validated tools into clinical practice is essential for comprehensive assessment and effective rehabilitation of PFP.
Trajectories and predictive significance of inflammatory parameters for clinical outcome in COVID–19 patients treated with tocilizumab
Authors: Killer Alexander , Gliga Smaranda , Massion Pascal , Ackermann Carla , De Angelis Clara , Flasshove Charlotte , Freise Noemi , Lübke Nadine , Timm Jörg , Eberhardt Kirsten Alexandra , Bode Johannes , Jensen Björn-Erik Ole , Luedde Tom , Orth Hans Martin , Feldt Torsten 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab reduces mortality and morbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 through its effects on hyperinflammation and was approved as adjuvant therapy. Since tocilizumab changes the levels of inflammatory markers, we aimed to describe these changes in patients treated with tocilizumab, analyse their value in predicting death and bacterial superinfection and determine their influence on mortality rates.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 76 patients who were treated with tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 was conducted. Inflammatory markers (IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin) were documented before and up to seven days after tocilizumab administration.

Results
The overall mortality was 25% and 53.8% in patients who required invasive respiratory support. Deceased patients had higher baseline IL-6 (p = 0.026) and peak IL-6 levels after tocilizumab vs those who survived (p < 0.0001). A peak IL-6 value > 1000 pg/dl after tocilizumab administration was a good predictor of mortality (AUC = 0.812). Of the deceased patients 41.1% had a renewed CRP increase after an initial decrease following tocilizumab administration, compared to 7.1% of the surviving patients (p = 0.0011). Documented bacterial superinfections were observed in 35.5% (27/76) of patients, of whom 48.1% (13/27) died.

Conclusion
CRP-decline and IL-6 increase after tocilizumab treatment occurs regularly. An increase of IL-6 levels exceeding tenfold of baseline IL-6 levels, an absolute peak of 1000 pg/ml or a renewed increase of CRP are associated with higher mortality. Suppressed CRP synthesis can impede the diagnosis of bacterial superinfections, thus increasing the risk for complications.
‘Athletes’, ‘Talents’, and ‘Players’: Conceptual Distinctions and Considerations for Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Grainger Adam , Kelly Adam L. , Garland Stephen W. , Baker Joseph , Johnston Kathryn , McAuley Alexander B. T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A clearer understanding of, and tighter boundaries between, terms are important for researchers designing studies as well as for other sport stakeholders creating evidence-informed policies. This article considers the terms ‘athlete’, ‘talent’, and ‘player’ from psychological and sociocultural perspectives and in different sporting communities to highlight the importance of terminological clarity in sport research. We present considerations to clarify the use of these terms within different contexts and how the use of specific terms may affect knowledge mobilization in diverse sporting populations. A conceptual discussion is provided to help operationalize development-related terminology and its associated stages, to better reflect contemporary academic thought, and enhance practical interpretations. Importantly, we also call for greater transparency from researchers when presenting findings and encourage practitioners to clearly define key terms when working in sport. Our intention in this paper is to energize readers to consider how we use language in athlete identification and development contexts, to stimulate deeper thought and discourse around the possible implications these terms may have at any point of an individual’s development in sport. Greater deliberation, identification, and acknowledgment of the drawbacks accompanying these terms will be needed before more confident assertions can be made on how researchers and practitioners could (or even should) implement certain terminology across youth sport contexts moving forward. This paper adds to a growing literature on the importance of clarity in terminology and acts as an impetus for those working in specific sports to co-design key terms used by researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
Strengthening mechanism of different morphologies of nano-sized MSH on tribological performance of phosphate/MoS2 bonded solid lubricating coatings
Authors: Xi Zhengchao , Sun Jianbo , Chen Lei , Cui Haixia , Ma Yanjun , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMagnesium silicate hydroxides (MSHs) with granular, schistose, and tubular morphologies were separately incorporated to enhance the tribological properties of phosphate/MoS2 composite coatings. The nano-schistose MSH demonstrated superior tribological performance due to its effective interactions with the worn surface and frictional synergies with solid lubricants. Incorporation of nano-schistose MSH decreased the friction coefficient of composite coatings by about 34.7% and increased the anti-wear performance of composite coatings by about thirteen times. Nano-schistose MSH facilitated the formation of a friction-induced multi-layer heterogenous slipping structure with layered solid lubricants at the friction interface. Moreover, tribo-chemical reactions between nano-schistose MSH and worn surface promoted the in-situ formation of a cermet supporting film, and this also induced the gradual in-situ formation of a lubrication film on the top of worn surface. Consequently, the contact state between tribo-pairs was timely regulated and the invalidation of the nanocomposite slipping structure was effectively restrained during the friction process. As a result, the service life of the phosphate composite coatings was significantly extended and further abrasion on the worn surface was notably reduced.
A model for the canonical algebras of bimodules type (1, 4) over truncated polynomial rings
Authors: Geiss Christof , Reynoso-Mercado David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLet $$\mathbb {C}(\!(\varepsilon )\!)$$

C
(

(
ε
)

)

be the field of complex Laurent series. We use Galois descent techniques to show that the simple regular representations of the species of type $$(1,\, 4)$$

(
1
,

4
)

over $$\mathbb {C}(\!(\varepsilon )\!)$$

C
(

(
ε
)

)

are naturally parametrized by the closed points of $$\textrm{Spec}(\mathbb {C}(\!(\varepsilon )\!)[x]){\dot{\cup }}\{1,\,2\}$$

Spec

(
C

(

(
ε
)

)

[
x
]

)

∪
˙

{
1
,

2
}

. Moreover, we provide weak normal forms for those representations. We use our representatives of the simple regular representations to describe the canonical algebras associated to the species of type (1, 4) over $$\mathbb {C}(\!(\varepsilon )\!)$$

C
(

(
ε
)

)

. This suggests a model of those algebras in the sense of the work of Geiss et al. (Invent Math 209(1):61–158, 2017; Math Z 295:1245–1277, 2020).
Breaking Barriers and Building Opportunities: Employer Perspectives on Working with People with Psychosocial Disabilities in a Rural Setting in Kenya
Authors: Gitonga Isaiah , Anujuo Kenneth , Muia Esther N. , Ebuenyi Ikenna D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn low-resource settings where unemployment rates are already high, persons with disabilities experience even greater challenges in finding work and employment opportunities. While employers' viewpoints are critical to shaping organizational cultures and employment practices, their perspectives on the employment of people with psychosocial disabilities (PWPD) in rural settings have not been adequately examined. This study explored perspectives of rural employers in Kenya on working with and employing PWPD, so as to strengthen the practice of inclusive work and employment. We utilized a qualitative research methodology to explore the perspectives of a heterogeneous group of employers from Tana River County Kenya. A total of 12 employers participated in the study. We found that employer awareness of inclusive employment practices of PWPD is limited, with several barriers identified. Reported barriers include productivity concerns, occupational hazards, brand image, and disclosure. To improve work and employment rates for PWPD, employers highlighted workplace adjustments, holistic socioeconomic empowerment, and policy changes. Despite differing opinions, employers expressed a willingness to work with and employ PWPD. This study sheds light on the current practices, perceived barriers, and enablers for improving work and employment rates of PWPD in rural settings. While there is a lack of awareness among employers and multiple barriers, it is encouraging to note that employers are willing to work with and employ PWPD. To achieve this, a holistic approach that includes raising awareness on mental illnesses and implementing policies that promote inclusivity is needed.
Hunting for massive binaries with a black-hole component using Gaia data
Authors: Janssens Soetkin , Shenar T. , Sana H. , Faigler S. , Langer N. , Marchant P. , Mazeh T. , Schürmann C. , Shahaf S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the upcoming third Gaia data release (DR3), the first Gaia astrometric orbital solutions for binary sources will become available. Potentially, many rarely seen single-degenerate massive binaries with a black hole (OB+BH) will be revealed. Here, we investigate how many OB+BHs are expected to be detected as binaries in Gaia astrometry by using tailored models for the massive star population. We use a method based on the astrometric data to investigate how many OB+BH binaries will be uncovered by Gaia. We estimate that ∼200 OB+BHs are detectable among the sources in the second Alma Luminous Star massive star catalogue, either in DR3 or in upcoming data releases. Moreover, we show that BH-formation scenarios could be constrained from the distributions of parameters such as the orbital periods and eccentricities.
Quantitative spectroscopy of mid B-type supergiants
Authors: Weßmayer David , Przybilla Norbert , Butler Keith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractB-type supergiants show enormous potential as resourceful tools to address a wide range of astrophysical questions concerning stellar atmospheres, stellar and galactic evolution and the cosmic distance scale. For the purposes of a comprehensive analysis of these objects we test a hybrid non-LTE approach – line-blanketed model atmospheres computed under the assumptions of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in combination with non-LTE line-formation calculations. An observational sample of 14 Galactic B-type supergiants with masses below about 30 Mȯ is investigated on the basis of high-resolution Echelle spectra. The results of this analysis – atmospheric and fundamental stellar parameters, the characterisation of the interstellar sightlines to the objects, as well as derived spectroscopic distances and multi-species abundances – are subjected to multiple tests of consistency.
Investigating the impact of different velocity fields on the spectral appearance of Wolf-Rayet stars
Authors: Lefever R. R. , Shenar T. , Sander A. A. C. , Poniatowski L. , Dsilva K. , Todt H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe emission line spectra of WR stars are often formed completely in the optically thick stellar wind. Hence, any assumption on the wind velocity law in a spectral analysis has a profound impact on the determination of the stellar parameters. By comparing Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model spectra calculated with different β laws, we show that the velocity field heavily influences the spectra: by using the appropriate β laws, the entire range of late and early types can be covered with the same stellar model.
Spectroscopic analyses of massive stars at different metallicities
Authors: Hamann Wolf-Rainer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdequate stellar atmosphere models are prerequisite to derive robust stellar parameters from spectroscopic analyses. I will briefly review recent results obtained with the Potdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code, which is applicable to all types of hot stars. Using multi-wavelength observations including the UV, we analyzed large samples of massive stars at various metallicities, gaining important insights on their cosmic role and the feedback to their environment.A recent extension of PoWR allows to compose the model atmosphere from two zones. A rapidly rotating star, e.g., might possess a cooler equatorial region with a slow wind, and two polar cones with higher photospheric temperature and fast wind. For two examples of rapidly rotating O-type stars, we demonstrate that such model can reproduce wind-line profiles which otherwise would stay inconsistent. Fast rotation, which prevails in particular at low metallicities, thus might bias empirically derived parameters, having implications for feedback as well as for angular-momentum losses of SN and GRB progenitors.