bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of clbR overexpression on enzyme production in Aspergillus aculeatus vary depending on the cellulosic biomass-degrading enzyme species
Authors: Kunitake Emi , Kawamura Ayano , Tani Shuji , Takenaka Shigeo , Ogasawara Wataru , Sumitani Jun-ichi , Kawaguchi Takashi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
ClbR is a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional activator that controls the expression of cellulase-related genes in response to Avicel and cellobiose in Aspergillus aculeatus. A clbR-overexpressing strain (clbR-OE) that expresses the clbR gene at levels sevenfold higher than the control strain sustainably produced xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities during 10-day cultivation of A. aculeatus, enabling synchronization of xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities at a maximum level. However, clbR overexpression did not simultaneously increase levels of all xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed markedly increased production of FIa-xylanase in clbR-OE, whereas expression of FIII-avicelase and FII-carboxymethyl cellulase was unaffected and expression of hydrocellulase was lower in clbR-OE than in the control. Northern blot analysis confirmed that these effects of clbR overexpression on enzyme production were mediated at the transcriptional level. These data suggest that ClbR participates in diverse signaling pathways to control the expression of cellulosic biomass-degrading enzymes in A. aculeatus.
Towards a Better Global Economy
Authors: Allen Franklin , Behrman Jere R. , Birdsall Nancy , Fardoust Shahrokh , Rodrik Dani , Steer Andrew , Subramanian Arvind 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Substantial progress in the fight against extreme poverty was made in the past two decades. But the slowdown in global economic growth and significant increases in income inequality in many developed and developing countries raise serious concerns about the continuation of this trend into the twenty-first century. The time has come to think seriously about how improvements in official global governance, coupled with and reenforced by rising activism of “global citizens,” can lead to welfare-enhancing and more equitable results for global citizens through better national and international policies. This book examines the factors that are most likely to facilitate the process of beneficial economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It shows that the legacies of the 2008-9 crisis-high unemployment, massive excess capacity, and high levels of debt-are likely to reduce the standard of living of millions of people in many countries over a long period of adjustment and that fluctuations in international trade, financial markets, and commodity prices, as well as the tendency of institutions at both the national and international level to favor the interests of the better-off and more powerful, pose substantial risks for citizens of all countries. The chapters on the future of economic, human capital and population, international trade, international finance, natural resources and climate change, and global economic governance and their policy implications are intended to stimulate public interest and facilitate the exchange of ideas and policy dialogue.
Resource Depletion, Climate Change, and Economic Growth
Authors: Steer Andrew 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Current patterns of energy and natural resource use, agricultural practices, and urbanization seem largely unsustainable and require urgent remediation. Unchecked, these patterns will lead to dangerous climate change and reduced economic growth. Current economic models fail to incorporate the effects of high carbon growth on climate change and environmental degradation. A new generation of economic models is needed. Models of how economies adjust to tighter environmental policies need to incorporate new evidence that actions such as increasing energy and resource efficiency can lead to larger win-win gains than were earlier thought possible; that smart policies combining carbon pricing and directed investment in research can lead to increased investment, growth, and competitiveness; and that investment can be raised by providing long-term policy confidence about the price of carbon and associated risks of stranded assets. A variety of policies will be important in putting economic processes on a more sustainable footing.
Edges of primary predication
Authors: Ko Heejeong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChapter 2 investigates the consequences of Cyclic Linearization for scrambling and quantifier stranding. I start the discussion by introducing a long-standing puzzle concerning a subject–object asymmetry in licensing floating numeral quantifiers in Korean and Japanese. The chapter shows that previous accounts that rely on a mutual c-command condition or a ban on subject scrambling do not solve the puzzle properly. The chapter argues that the conspiracy of Cyclic Linearization and constraints on domain-internal movement explains the puzzle. This argument is further supported by a variety of other asymmetries between subject scrambling and object scrambling. It then extends the claim to asymmetries in sub-extraction in Russian. Important challenges against the Phase Impenetrability Condition are also discussed. Concluding, it shows that a general order-preservation effect that holds for syntactic edges, called the Edge Generalization, explains seemingly heterogeneous puzzles concerning sub-extraction.
Edges of complement predication
Authors: Ko Heejeong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChapter 4 examines the consequences of Cyclic Linearization for (re)orderings in complement predicational domains such as small clauses, infinitival clauses, and sentential predication. In particular, it discusses the distribution of objects interpreted as the subject of an embedded predication. When an object is externally merged as the subject of a complement, strong order-preservation effects are observed for the object. In contrast, when an object is merged as a direct object or proleptic object of the main verb, order-preservation effects are lifted. The chapter proposes that the ordering restrictions within complement domains can be best captured by assuming that predication structures, as a whole, undergo Cyclic Linearization. It shows that this proposal captures seemingly complex interactions among null subjects, predicate fronting, quantifier floating, and object movement within and out of complement domains. Implications of anti-locality for predicate fronting are also discussed in this chapter.
Beccaria’s On Crimes and Punishments
Authors: Harcourt Bernard E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Beccaria’s treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764) has become a placeholder for the classical school of thought in criminology, for deterrence-based public policy, for death penalty abolitionism, and for liberal ideals of legality and the rule of law. A source of inspiration for Bentham and Blackstone, an object of praise for Voltaire and the Philosophes, a target of pointed critiques by Kant and Hegel, the subject of a genealogy by Foucault, the object of derision by the Physiocrats, rehabilitated and appropriated by the Chicago School of law and economics—these ricochets and reflections on Beccaria’s treatise reveal multiple dimensions of Beccaria’s work and provide an outline of a history of the foundations of modern criminal law. In becoming a classic text that has been so widely and varyingly cited, though perhaps little read today, “On Crimes and Punishments” may be used as a mirror on the key projects over the past two centuries and a half in the domain of penal law and punishment theory—and this chapter hopes to contribute, in a small way, to such an endeavor. In the end, we may learn as much about those who have appropriated and used Beccaria than we would about Beccaria himself—perhaps more.
The History of Low German Negation
Authors: Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhile the development of negation has in recent years gained an increased interest in linguistic research, as witnessed by a large number of new publications, this development has not yet been thoroughly and diachronically studied for historical Low German, as the historical syntax of Low German more generally is only recently coming out of the shadows. The book investigates quantitatively two empirical domains. First, the development of the expression of standard negation, or Jespersen’s Cycle, and second the changing interaction between the expression of negation and indefinites in its scope, giving rise to different types of negative concord along the way. The entire period of attestation from Old Saxon (Old Low German) to the point when Middle Low German is replaced by High German as the written language, after the completion of Jespersen’s Cycle, is taken into consideration. It is shown that the developments in Low German form a missing link between those in High German, English, and Dutch, which are much better researched. The developments are analysed using a generative account of syntactic change combined with minimalist assumptions concerning the syntax of negation and negative concord.
Theoretical background
Authors: Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the assumptions regarding syntactic change in general and change in the expression of negation in particular, and discusses different approaches to the syntax of negation and negative concord. It is argued that a NegP-free account is more elegant and empirically adequate than the traditional NegP-based accounts. It is argued that negative markers are phrases with internal structure such as argued for pronouns (Cardinaletti and Starke 1999) and modal particles (Grosz 2007). The position in the clause of different types of negators is determined by their licensing requirements depending on the amount of structure they lack, not because of a fixed negative projection. Diachronically, 'weaker' forms are derived from 'stronger' forms by two third-factor principles—Minimize Structure and Feature Economy—given triggers provided through other changes (‘inertia’, Keenan 1994, Longobardi 2001). For negative concord, a Pairwise Agree account with maximal matching (Haegeman and Lohndal 2010) is adopted.
The development of negation in Low German
Authors: Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this chapter, the development of the expression of standard sentential negation and of the expression of indefinite quantification in the scope of negation in the history of Low German is analysed using the account outlined in chapter 4. The clitic negation particle present at the start of attestation undergoes a lexical split when a new negative marker enters the language: it eventually loses its negation feature in negative clauses once the new marker becomes an unemphatic negator, but becomes a high C-related marker without sentential scope in exceptive clauses. As the new negator only partially matching the features of the n-marked indefinites in Middle Low German, the availability of negative spread, but absence of negative doubling is accounted for. It is shown how formal and functional external motivations restrict the application of the third factor principles, giving rise to the particular time structure of the Low German changes.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Cervical Total Disk Replacement in Patients With Modic-2 Changes on MRI
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Di , Ding Wenyuan , Zhang Yingze , Shen Yong 
Published: November 2014

Study Design:
A retrospective investigation.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients with Modic-2 changes who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical total disk replacement (TDR) in single level.

Summary of Background Data:
There were few studies focused on the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients with Modic-2 changes who underwent ACDF or cervical TDR in single level.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 76 patients with Modic-2 changes who underwent TDR or ACDF with complete follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with chronic axial symptoms resulting from single-level cervical spine disease manifested as radiculopathy or myelopathy following 6 months of invalid conservative treatment. Clinical evaluations were performed preoperatively and repeated at 5 years after operation.

Results:
In this study, a total of 72 patients (94.7%) with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up data were available for analysis. There were 35 (18 men and 17 women) in the TDR group and 37 (20 men and 17 women) in the ACDF group. There was no difference in preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association, Neck Disability Index, range of motion (ROM), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), on arm pain and neck pain between the 2 groups (P=0.663), but the TDR group showed significant differences in VAS for neck pain and ROM compared with that of the ACDF group at the last follow-up (P<0.05). Both groups reported significant improvements in Japanese Orthopedic Association, Neck Disability Index, ROM, and VAS, on arm pain and neck pain from the preoperative means (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients with Modic-2 changes in TDR group received a large discectomy and leading to the removal of the majority of the inflammatory disk tissue. TDR is a significantly better maintenance of index-level ROM than ACDF. The mid-term outcomes demonstrated that the both TDR and ACDF groups maintain favorable clinical results on patients with Modic-2 changes, who received TDR have significantly better maintenance of ROM than ACDF.
FusionCatcher– a tool for finding somatic fusion genes in paired-end RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Nicorici Daniel , Şatalan Mihaela , Edgren Henrik , Kangaspeska Sara , Murumägi Astrid , Kallioniemi Olli , Virtanen Sami , Kilkku Olavi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFusionCatcheris a software tool for finding somatic fusion genes in paired-end RNA-sequencing data from human or other vertebrates.FusionCatcherachieves competitive detection rates and real-time PCR validation rates in RNA-sequencing data from tumor cells. Fusion-Catcher is available athttp://code.google.com/p/fusioncatcher/.
A novel computational approach for genome-wide prediction of small RNAs in bacteria
Authors: Lei LI , Kwan Hoi Shan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSmall regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are the most abundant post-transcriptional regulators in bacteria. They serve ubiquitous roles that control nearly every aspects of bacterial physiology. Identification of important features from sRNAs sequences will guide the computational prediction of new sRNA sequences for a better understanding of the pervasive sRNA-mediated regulation in bacteria. In this study, we have performed systematic analyses of many sequence and structural features that are possibly related to sRNA properties and identified a subset of significant features that effectively discriminate sRNAs sequences from random sequences. we then used a neural network model that integrated these subfeatures on unlabeled testing datasets, and it had achieved a 92.2% recall and 89.8% specificity. Finally, we applied this prediction model for genome-wide identification of sRNAs-encoded genes using a sliding-window approach. We recovered multiple known sRNAs and hundreds of predicted new sRNAs. These candidate novel sRNAs deserve extensive study to better understand the sRNA-mediated regulatory network in bacteria.
Non-citizens and maternal mortality in Botswana: a rights perspective
Authors: Dintle Mogobe Keitshokile , Ray Sunanda , Madzimbamuto Farai , Motana Mpho , Ramogola-Masire Doreen , Rankgoane Goabaone , Phillips Raina , Dereje Habte , Mokotedi Mosidi 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify organisational, technical and individual factors leading to maternal deaths in non-citizen women in Botswana.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sub-analysis was conducted comparing non-citizen women to citizens in a case record review of maternal deaths in 2010. Feedback on the results to health professionals was provided and their comments were noted.

Findings
– In total, 19.6 per cent of 56 case notes reviewed to establish contributory factors to maternal deaths were in non-citizens. This is lower than health professionals perceptions that most maternal deaths are in non-citizens. Non-citizens were significantly less likely to have been tested for HIV and less likely to have received antenatal care, so did not receive interventions to prevent transmission of HIV to their infants or anti-retroviral therapy. They were more likely than citizens to have miscarried or delivered before 28 weeks gestational age at death. Delays in seeking health care were a major contributory factor to death.

Research limitations/implications
– Incomplete record keeping and missing details, with 30 per cent of the notes of maternal deaths missing, a common problem with retrospective case-note studies.

Practical implications
– Botswana is unlikely to meet Millennium Development Goal five target to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 75 per cent. To make progress non-citizens must be given the same rights to access maternal health services as citizens. Rationing healthcare for non-citizens is a false economy since treatment of subsequent obstetric emergencies in this group is expensive.

Originality/value
– Discrimination against non-citizen women in Botswana, by denying them free access to maternal health services, extends into loss of life because of delays in seeking healthcare especially for obstetric emergencies.
Level of satisfaction among postgraduate health sciences students on the cafeteria facilities in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus
Authors: Kong Jian Pei , Mohd Jamil Sameeha 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this study was to determine the levels of satisfaction (food quality, service quality, ambience, price and portion) among postgraduate Health Sciences students on the cafeteria facilities in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur Campus. In Malaysia, the total number of postgraduate in higher institution increase from 75,199 in 2007 to 85,236 in 2010, an increment of 12 per cent. The increasing numbers of higher education postgraduates on university campuses has unquestionably raised the expansion of demand for food service availability and quality on campus.

Design/methodology/approach
– A self-reported questionnaire was to 86 subjects at Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM, from September to November in 2012.

Findings
– The findings showed that ambience and service attributes turned out to be the most dissatisfied attributes. Malay and non-Malay post-graduate Health Science students showed no significant difference on the satisfaction toward the four attributes. Respondents believed that increasing menu variation and introducing franchise outlet were the two supplementary factors that may increase satisfaction level.

Research limitations/implications
– The major drawback of this study is the inability to generalize findings to the students’ satisfaction toward UKM KL food service because data of the current study were only assessing postgraduate students.

Originality/value
– The points developed from this study clearly indicate the level of satisfaction among postgraduate Health Science student against food service system in one of the famous research university in Malaysia, UKM.
Enhancing service innovation in a business-to-business context
Authors: Nuutinen Maaria , Ojasalo Katri 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to develop a theoretically and empirically grounded interdisciplinary framework for understanding service innovation in a business-to-business (b-to-b) context, particularly from the perspective of the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME).Design/methodology/approach– This study used an abductive research process, supported by theoretical insights from a literature review, and empirical evidence from a multiple-case study. Six SME case companies were all transforming towards service logic. The empirical data consists of semi-structured interviews with the case companies and their business customers, workshops and business documents.Findings– The study identified four critical service logic-related perspectives in service innovation in a b-to-b context, and related key questions: How is potential for new service business recognised? How is freedom of action perceived? What kinds of strategies are plausible? What are the reasons, objectives and support for the change? The shared interpretation of these questions within an organisation seemed to be related to the company’s success in doing business in new ways, enhancing service innovations and in their transformation to service logic.Originality/value– This article offers a new interdisciplinary and empirically grounded perspective on innovation in the b-to-b and SME context framing the phenomenon in service logic. Tackling the questions is a precondition for SMEs in enhancing service orientation in strategy, mutual value orientation in organisational culture, their role in others’ business and collaborative business development, thus enhancing service innovations producing reciprocal value-in-use over time.
Work integrated learning for employee health in schools
Authors: Lagrosen Stefan , Lagrosen Yvonne 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between quality management health dimensions, employee health, flow and work integrated learning in primary schools. Previous research has indicated relationships between quality management and health. In this study, the role that work integrated learning plays in the connection between quality and health is investigated.Design/methodology/approach– The study object has been a number of schools. A quantitative survey has been carried out. A random sample of 20 primary schools, of which 13 (65 per cent) agreed to participate, was selected. Questionnaires to their 301 employees were delivered and 229 (76 per cent) were returned. The reliability of the items were analysed with Cronbach’s alpha test. The statistical relationships between the items were studied with Pearson’s correlation test.Findings– The results show that the items are reliable. Moreover, statistical correlations between work integrated learning on the one hand and employee health, quality management health dimensions and flow on the other hand are found.Research limitations/implications– One limitation is that the research has only been carried out in schools and the possibilities of generalising the findings to other sectors are uncertain. Research implications are the relationships that have been identified between work integrated learning and the other factors.Practical implications– The knowledge that has resulted from the study should be useful for organisations in their attempts to improve the health status of the employees.Originality/value– The relationship between work integrated learning and employee health has not been studied in any other major study.