bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Completeness Theorem for Propositional Linear Time Temporal Logic
Authors: Giero Mariusz 
Published: February 2013

Summary
We prove weak (finite set of premises) completeness theorem for extended propositional linear time temporal logic with irreflexive version of until-operator. We base it on the proof of completeness for basic propositional linear time temporal logic given in [20] which roughly follows the idea of the Henkin-Hasenjaeger method for classical logic. We show that a temporal model exists for every formula which negation is not derivable (Satisfiability Theorem). The contrapositive of that theorem leads to derivability of every valid formula. We build a tree of consistent and complete PNPs which is used to construct the model.
Free Term Algebras
Authors: Bancerek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2013

Summary
We interoduce a new characterization of algebras of normal forms of term rewriting systems [35] as algerbras of term free in itself (any function from free generators into the algebra generates endomorphism of the algebra). Introduced algebras are free in classes of algebras satisfying some sets of equalities. Their universes are subsets of all terms and the denotations of operation symbols are partially identical with the operations of construction of terms. These algebras are compiler algebras requiring some equalities of terms, e.g., associativity of addition.
Posterior Probability on Finite Set
Authors: Okazaki Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2013

Summary
In [14] we formalized probability and probability distribution on a finite sample space. In this article first we propose a formalization of the class of finite sample spaces whose element’s probability distributions are equivalent with each other. Next, we formalize the probability measure of the class of sample spaces we have formalized above. Finally, we formalize the sampling and posterior probability.
Intermittent Irrigation Enhances Morphological and Physiological Efficiency of Rice Plants
Authors: Mishra Abha 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The response of rice roots and shoots and their causal relationships affecting yield under varying soil water condition are important related subjects of research. To understand the mechanism of response, studies were conducted using four water treatments: a) intermittent flooding through the vegetative stage (IF-V); b) intermittent flooding extended into the reproductive stage (IF-R); c) no standing water (NSW), maintaining soil at field capacity; and d) continuous flooding (CF) condition at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand.
It was observed that the senescence of lower leaf and flag leaf was delayed under IF-V compared to CF water condition. This delay was associated with higher root oxidizing activity (ROA) rate (50% higher than CF), higher root length density (RLD) (52% higher than CF), higher biomass production (14% higher than CF) along with higher grain yield (25% higher than CF). The plants grown under NSW conditions had better growth at later growth stage and better yield performance compared to IF-R because of higher nitrogen availability and higher uptake rate under NSW water conditions (73% higher N uptake). However, under CF water condition the nitrogen availability was not a limiting factor but due to decreased root activity rate the dry matter production and grain yield significantly reduced compared to IF-V water condition.
The results suggested that ROA and RLD are linked to shoot response and to dry matter production. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should assist in achieving improvements in crop productivity through improved crop management practices in water-limiting environment.
Effect of Different Doses of Nutrients on Changes of Soil Organic Matter in Rendzic Leptosol
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Tobiašová Erika 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in Rendzic Leptosol was evaluated. Soil samples were taken from three treatments of different fertilization: (1) control - without fertilization, (2) NPK 1 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 1st degree intensity for vine, and (3) NPK 3 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 3rd degree intensity for vine in the vineyard. Soil samples were collected in years 2008-2011 during the spring. The higher dose of NPK fertilizer (3rd degree intensity of vineyards fertilization) was responsible for the higher content of labile carbon (by 21% in 0-0.3 m and by 11% as average of the two depths 0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m). However, by application of a higher dose of NPK (1.39%) in comparison to no fertilizer treatment (1.35%) or NPK 1 (1.35%) the tendency of total organic carbon content increase and hot-water soluble carbon decrease were determined. Fertilization had a negative effect on SOM stability. Intensity of fertilization affected the changes in quantity and quality of SOM; therefore it is very important to pay attention to the quantity and quality of organic matter in productive vineyards.
Kinetic Constants of Decomposition of the Municipal Solid Waste Prior to and after Mechanical-Biological Processing. Field Scale / Stałe Kinetyczne Rozkładu Zmieszanych Odpadów Komunalnych Przed I Po Mechaniczno-Biologicznym Przetworzeniu. Skala Polowa
Authors: Suchowska-Kisielewicz Monika , Jędrczak Andrzej , Myszograj Sylwia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
One of the major tasks of municipal waste management in European Union countries is the systematic reduction of waste that is removed and transported to landfills. This refers particularly to biodegradable waste. One of the methods employed to decrease waste amount is Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) of the waste, before it is stored.
The article presents characteristics of MSW and biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste, organic carbon loads emitted in biogas and leachate during waste deposition in a landfill. Its decomposition rate constants were determined on the basis of modified Zacharof and Butler’s stochastic model. The values of decomposition rate constants determined for MSW had similar change trends to those presented in the literature: the hydrolysis constant had the lowest value (2.6 × 10-5 d-1), the highest acid phase constant (4.1 × 10-4 d-1), while the methane phase constant - 2.2 × 10-4 d-1. The PMSW decomposition rate constants in each anaerobic waste degradation phase had similar change trends, though their values were higher, by 21, 11 and 19%, respectively.
Anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides extracted from Rhodiolae Radix
Authors: Li Fenglin , Xiao Furen , Qi Junsheng 
Published: February 2013

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of polysaccharide from Rhodiolae Radix (PRR) on physical fatigue using a forced swimming test in male mice. 96 mice were divided randomly into four groups based on body weight (n = 24). One of the groups was the control group; the others were PRR supplemented groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). Forced swimming test of mice were carried out after 28 days of PRR administration, and the blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents were determined. The data suggest that PRR can extend the exhaustive swimming time of the mice, as well as increase the tissue glycogen contents, and decrease the BLA and BUN contents. These results indicated that PRR had significant anti-fatigue effects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13579 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 49-52
Analysis of heavy metals and inorganic element content in Stereospermum colais leaves
Authors: Babu Kumudhaveni , Rajkishore Vijaya Bharathi , Narayanan Jayshree , Margesan Thirumal 
Published: February 2013

In the present study, the presence of heavy metals (Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Arsenic and Mercury) and inorganic elements (Sulphate, Fluoride, Chloride) were quantitatively estimated from the leaves of Stereospermum colais. Lead, Copper and Cadmium were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Arsenic was estimated by colorimetric method. Mercury was estimated by cold vapour atomic absorption method. The qualitative analysis of inorganic elements was performed. Sulphate, fluoride and chloride were quantitatively estimated by turbidimetric, colorimetric and argentometric methods, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the content of heavy metals was within the permissible levels and hence the plant was safe to be utilized in herbal drug formulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13583 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 63-66
Dissolution rate and bioavailability enhancement of co-ground mixtures of paliperidone, with different hydrophilic carriers
Authors: Pandey Anuja , Rath Bhabagrahi , Dwivedi Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2013

Co-ground mixtures of poorly water soluble drug Paliperidone (PAL) with different hydrophilic carriers [Polyvinylpyrrolidine (Plasdone K-25 and Plasdone S-630), Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and Sodium alginate were prepared to improve the dissolution rate of PAL. Co-grinding with PVP, especially with PVP- S630 (Vinyl pyrrolidone/ vinyl acetate co-polymer), was more effective in reduction of particle size than milling of drug alone. DSC studies indicated that crystalline nature of drug was reduced after co-grinding with PVP grades as compared to their corresponding physical mixtures. The hydrophilic carriers other than PVP did not reduce the crystalline nature of the drug significantly. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out for selected batches to confirm DSC results. Significant enhancement in dissolution rate as well as extent was observed with co-ground mixtures of drug and PVP. Among all the prepared batches in this study, co-ground mixture of PAL and Plasdone S-630 in 1:1 ratio showed best results in terms of extent of dissolution as well as dissolution rate in water. This effect was not only due to particle size reduction, but also loss of crystalline nature of the drug during co-grinding. PVP was found to be a better carrier among the different hydrophilic carriers used in the study for improving the dissolution characteristics of PAL. The extent of the mean plasma exposures of PAL was 7-fold higher in animals treated with co-ground mixture of PAL, Plasdone S630 (1:1) compared to animals treated with Pure PAL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13632 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 70-77
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomonas in Adolescents
Authors: Beharry Meera S. , Shafii Taraneh , Burstein Gale R. 
Published: February 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Determine and discuss issues surrounding consent, confidentiality, and billing for sexually transmitted infection (STI) care delivery in the adolescent population.

2.
Review currently available testing modalities for STIs and their applicability in the adolescent population.

3.
Provide treatment and prevention strategies for the most commonly encountered STIs in the adolescent demographic.

Adolescents and young adults, 15 to 24 years of age, carry a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections compared with other age groups in the United States (see Figure
1
).
1
A Review of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth Issues for the Pediatrician
Authors: Steever John B. , Cooper-Serber Emma 
Published: February 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review common gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) terminology and discuss sexual constructs as they are currently understood.

2.
Determine the prevalence of GLBT youth and identify health disparities in the GLBT population.

3.
Provide strategies to develop an accepting atmosphere for GLBT youth in the pediatric practice, including the maintenance of ongoing health and appropriate screening for at-risk behaviors.

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered individuals have always been present in human society.
1,2
References to same-sex couples and activity have been noted as far back as 600 B.C. on ancient Japanese and Chinese pottery. Ancient Greek and Roman art is full of depictions of same-sex couples; some scholars believe that Alexander the Great was gay.
3
Changes in Sagging Extraocular Muscle Following Surgical Recession of the Superior Rectus Muscle in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Ryu Won Yeol , Bae Jeong Bum 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:
To verify whether central muscle sag actually induces excessive recession after recession of the rectus muscle in rabbit models.

Methods:
Twenty-four eyes of 12 rabbits were divided into two groups. In the right eyes (the muscle sagging group), half of the width of the original insertion was used to create a scleral suture during a 4-mm superior rectus muscle (SRM) recession and a central muscle sag of 2 mm was generated. Conventional 4-mm SRM recessions were performed in the left eyes (control group). At postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 4, the distances between the locations of the new insertion and the original insertion were measured at the center and nasal and temporal poles.

Results:

At postoperative week 4, the difference between the two groups at center was 1.38 ± 1.17 mm (
P
= .008). The mean extent of the recession at the nasal edge of the insertion was 5.21 ± 0.94 mm in the muscle sagging group, which showed posterior migration and slippage relative to the mean extent of the recession in the control group (4.29 ± 0.50 mm;
P
= .014). The mean extent of the recession at the temporal edge of the insertion was 5.50 ± 0.74 mm in the muscle sagging group and 4.50 ± 0.77 mm in the control group (
P
= .005).

Conclusions:
Overcorrection that occurred in cases of central muscle sag in the rabbit models resulted from posterior migration of recessed muscle that occurred in conjunction with slippage of its nasal and temporal edges.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(3):162–168.]
Safety and Visual Outcome of Visian Toric ICL Implantation After Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Keratoconus
Authors: Fadlallah Ali , Dirani Ali , El Rami Hala , Cherfane Georges , Jarade Elias 
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of phakic Visian toric implantable collamer lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) insertion after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in progressive keratoconus.

METHODS:
A retrospective study examined the results of the two-step CXL and Visian toric ICL implantation in 16 eyes of 10 patients with keratoconus. The two procedures were done at an interval of 6 months. Data were collected preoperatively, at the 6-month follow-up visit after CXL, and at the 6-month follow-up visit after ICL implantation.

RESULTS:

CXL induced a statistically significant decrease in steep keratometry (50.02 ± 4.07 at baseline to 48.74 ± 4.05 at 6 months after CXL,
P
= .001) without any significant change in visual acuity or refraction. At 6-month follow-up after ICL implantation, mean K (max) was 50.49 ± 4.07 versus 52.29 ± 4.79 D at baseline (
P
= .001). Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 1.67 ± 0.49 to 0.17 ± 0.06 logMAR (
P
= .001) and mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.15 ± 0.06 to 0.12 ± 0.04 logMAR (
P
= .023). Mean spherical equivalent decreased from −7.24 ± 3.53 to −0.89 ± 0.76 D (
P
= .001) and mean cylinder decreased from 2.64 ± 1.28 to 1.16 ± 0.64 D (
P
= .001). The safety and efficacy indices were 1.08 ± 0.13 and 0.97 ± 0.08, respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implantation of the Visian toric ICL following CXL is an effective option for improving visual acuity in patients with keratoconus.
Soil moisture and relative humidity effects during postdiapause on the emergence of western cherry fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Yee Wee L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPupae of western cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis indifferensCurran (Diptera: Tephritidae), from Kennewick and Roslyn in Washington State, United States of America, were subjected to different soil and air moisture conditions to test the hypotheses that adult emergence from dry and moist soil is similar and is greater and occurs earlier at high than low relative humidities (RHs). Adult fly emergence from 0–57% saturated loam soil did not differ in Kennewick (64.8–75.1%) and Roslyn (81.7–86.6%) populations. Emergence did not occur from 76% saturated loam soil. In a RH experiment using dry soil, emergence of Kennewick flies was highest at 97% RH (76.8%), intermediate at 12–74% RH (66.4–69.6%), and lowest at 3% RH (58.0%). Emergence of Roslyn flies was higher at 97% RH (85.6%) than 3% (69.2%) and 12% RH (74.3%), but it did not differ from that at 33% (76.9%) and 74% RH (79.4%). Flies emerged ∼2–3 days earlier at 97% RH than at 3–12% RH. An unnaturally low RH of 3% caused more flies to be deformed than higher RHs. High emergence ofR. indifferensin dry and moist conditions likely contributes to its presence in a wide range of native and nonnative habitats.
Treatment of Acetabular Defects during Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty - Preliminary Clinical and Radiological Outcome Using Bone Substitute Materials
Authors: Haenle Maximilian , Schlüter Sybille , Ellenrieder Martin , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer 
Published: February 2013

Acetabular defects are a particular challenge during THR revision. Defects may be filled with autologous bone grafts, allografts or synthetic bone substitute materials. In this preliminary, retrospective study, 22 patients were treated with an oval shaped revision cup and a combination of synthetic bone substitute materials, namely hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate. The postoperative outcome was evaluated regarding the functional clinical outcome and quality of life using the Harris hip score, the WOMAC and the SF-36. Signs of loosening and changes of the implant position were evaluated from plain radiographs. Follow up examinations were performed after an average duration of 20.5 months (7-33 months). Postoperatively, we found a significant increase of the Harris hip score, and an increase in both the SF-36 and the WOMAC scores (without statistical significance). No radiographic signs of loosening were evident at the time of follow up. The use of synthetic bone substitute materials offers a possible alternative to the use of autologous and allogenic bone grafts in acetabular revision surgery. Further randomised controlled long-term studies are needed to verify the promising short-term results and to determine potential side effects, such as possible third body wear.
Prévalence de l’achat et de l’usage de tabac illicite chez les fumeurs québécois, 2005-2010
Authors: Lasnier Benoit , Cantinotti Michael , Leclerc Bernard-Simon 
Published: February 2013

La lutte contre le commerce illicite du tabac représente un défi de taille dans le contrôle du tabagisme. Au Québec, comme ailleurs au pays, la vente de produits du tabac de contrebande a pour effet de restreindre l’efficacité de la taxation comme moyen pour réduire la consommation de tabac et limiter l’accessibilité au tabac chez les jeunes. Par ailleurs, les importantes pertes fiscales générées par le marché illégal des produits du tabac représentent autant de ressources financières qui ne peuvent être investies par les gouvernements dans les services de santé. L’élaboration de politiques publiques visant à contrecarrer la contrebande du tabac requiert la quantification précise et fiable de ce phénomène. Cet examen systématique visait à estimer la prévalence au Québec de l’achat et de la consommation de tabac illicite de 2005 à 2010 chez les fumeurs âgés de 15 ans et plus. Une recension et une analyse des données pertinentes ont été effectuées au moyen d’un outil objectif d’évaluation critique. Vingt-sept études ont été recensées et examinées, dont 18 témoignent d’une qualité acceptable relativement à la validité des méthodes ainsi qu’à l’interprétation et à l’applicabilité des résultats. L’analyse des données disponibles indique qu’il n’est pas possible de conclure à une variation annuelle statistiquement significative de la prévalence de l’achat et de la consommation de tabac illicite chez les fumeurs actuels québécois âgés de 15 ans et plus au cours des années 2005 à 2010, et que sa valeur oscillait entre 6 % et 28 %. Des suggestions sont proposées pour améliorer la qualité méthodologique de ce type d’études portant sur l’estimation de la prévalence de l’achat et de la consommation de tabac illicite.
Modelica BuildingSystems − eine Modellbibliothek zur Simulation komplexer energietechnischer Gebäudesysteme
Authors: Nytsch‐Geusen Christoph , Huber Jörg , Ljubijankic Manuel , Rädler Jörg 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAm Lehrstuhl für Versorgungsplanung und Versorgungstechnik der UdK Berlin wird die Modelica‐Modellbibliothek “BuildingSystems“ zur objektorientierten Modellierung und Simulation komplexer energietechnischer Gebäudesysteme entwickelt. Die Modelle der Bibliothek decken ein breites Spektrum aus den Bereichen Raum und Gebäude, solare Energietechnik (Solarthermie, Photovoltaik) sowie Heizungs‐ und Klimatechnik ab und werden um weitere Spezialmodelle zum Erzeugen geeigneter Klima‐ und Nutzer‐Randbedingungen ergänzt. Ein besonderes Merkmal der Bibliothek besteht darin, dass eine Reihe der Modelle in unterschiedlicher räumlicher oder physikalischer Detaillierungstiefe vorliegen. So lässt sich mit der Modellbibliothek ein Nahwärmenetz mit einer Reihe stark vereinfachter Gebäudeverbraucher‐Modelle, aber auch ein detailliertes hydraulisches Netz einer Heizungsanlage zusammen mit einem detaillierten Mehrzonen‐Gebäudemodell abbilden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die grundlegenden Eigenschaften der Modelica‐Bibliothek “BuildingSystems“ beschrieben und an Hand mehrerer Anwendungsbeispiele demonstriert.The Modelica library BuildingSystems for object‐oriented modelling and simulation of complex energetic building systems. The Modelica library “BuildingSystems” for object‐oriented modelling and simulation of complex energetic building systems is being developed by the chair of building services technology at UdK Berlin. The models of the library cover a broad spectrum of the domains such as room and building, solar energy technologies (solar thermal energy, photovoltaics), HVAC and are completed with specialized models for the generation of boundary conditions of the user behavior and climate data. A special feature is the fact that several models are present in different levels of detail in space and in the physical meaning. For example, a model of a district heating net‐work combined with a set of strong simplified building models or a detailed hydraulic net of a heating system combined with a detailed multi‐zone building model can be reflected by the model library. The paper describes the most important features of the Modelica library “BuildingSystems” and demonstrates them by the use of several applications.
Die Eisenbahnbrücke bei Hämerten in Sachsen‐Anhalt
Authors: Braun Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBeim Bau der Eisenbahnstrecke von Berlin nach Hannover musste 1870/71 bei der anhaltinischen Ortschaft Hämerten die Elbe mit einer Brücke gequert werden. Die Bahnstrecke, die dann originellerweise den Beinamen “Lehrter Bahn” nach dem Vorort Lehrte bei Hannover erhielt, sollte später einmal eine sehr bekannte im gesamten Reich werden, sogar die “bedeutendste europäische Ost‐West‐Linie im Personen‐ und Güterverkehr”. Schon Schulkinder in Berlin kannten den Lehrter Bahnhof, noch heute besitzt der Name einen guten Ruf. Aber wer eigentlich kennt Hämerten?The Railway bridge near HämertenDuring construction of the railway track between Berlin and Hannover an Elbe‐river crossing near Hämerten was needed in 1870/71. This railway track, also called “Lehrter Bahn”, became later famous in the whole Reich. Almost kids knew the “Lehrter Bahnhof”. But who only knows Hämerten at all?