bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailor‐made CRISPR/Cas system for highly efficient targeted gene replacement in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Arazoe Takayuki , Miyoshi Kennosuke , Yamato Tohru , Ogawa Tetsuo , Ohsato Shuichi , Arie Tsutomu , Kuwata Shigeru 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTCRISPR/Cas‐derived RNA‐guided nucleases (RGNs) that can generate DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) at a specific sequence are widely used for targeted genome editing by induction of DSB repair in many organisms. The CRISPR/Cas system consists of two components: a single Cas9 nuclease and a single‐guide RNA (sgRNA). Therefore, the system for constructing RGNs is simple and efficient, but the utilization of RGNs in filamentous fungi has not been validated. In this study, we established the CRISPR/Cas system in the model filamentous fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, using Cas9 that was codon‐optimized for filamentous fungi, and the endogenous RNA polymerase (RNAP) III U6 promoter and a RNAP II fungal promoter for the expression of the sgRNA. We further demonstrated that RGNs could recognize the desired sequences and edit endogenous genes through homologous recombination‐mediated targeted gene replacement with high efficiency. Our system will open the way for the development of various CRISPR/Cas‐based applications in filamentous fungi. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2543–2549. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipopolysaccharide potentiates hyperthermia‐induced seizures
Authors: Eun Baik‐Lin , Abraham Jayne , Mlsna Lauren , Kim Min Jung , Koh Sookyong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundProlonged febrile seizures (FS) have both acute and long‐lasting effects on the developing brain. Because FS are often associated with peripheral infection, we aimed to develop a preclinical model of FS that simulates fever and immune activation in order to facilitate the implementation of targeted therapy after prolonged FS in young children.MethodsThe innate immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to postnatal day 14 rat (200 μg/kg) and mouse (100 μg/kg) pups 2–2.5 h prior to hyperthermic seizures (HT) induced by hair dryer or heat lamp. To determine whether simulation of infection enhances neuronal excitability, latency to seizure onset, threshold temperature and total number of seizures were quantified. Behavioral seizures were correlated with electroencephalographic changes in rat pups. Seizure‐induced proinflammatory cytokine production was assessed in blood samples at various time points after HT. Seizure‐induced microglia activation in the hippocampus was quantified using Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice.ResultsLipopolysaccharide priming increased susceptibility of rats and mice to hyperthemic seizures and enhanced seizure‐induced proinflammatory cytokine production and microglial activation.ConclusionsPeripheral inflammation appears to work synergistically with hyperthermia to potentiate seizures and to exacerbate seizure‐induced immune responses. By simulating fever, a regulated increase in body temperature from an immune challenge, we developed a more clinically relevant animal model of prolonged FS.
On generalized Borgen plots. I: From convex to affine combinations and applications to spectral dataSpectra
Authors: Jürß Annekathrin , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus 
Published: June 2015

In 1985, Borgen and Kowalski (Anal. Chim. Acta 1985; 174: 1‐26) published their landmark paper on the geometric construction of feasible regions for nonnegative factorizations of spectral data matrices for three‐component systems. These geometric constructions are called Borgen plots. Borgen plots are principally restricted to nonnegative data and are sometimes considered as analytical tool. Major contributions to this theory have been given by Rajkó. In contrast to these geometric constructions, numerical methods to compute the so‐called area of feasible solutions (AFS) have been studied by Golshan et al. (Anal. Chem. 2011; 83 (3): 836‐841) and by Sawall et al. (J. Chemom. 2013; 27: 106‐116). These numerical methods can even treat spectral data, which include slightly negative components.In this work, the concept of generalized Borgen plots is introduced for spectral data, which are polluted by small negative entries. The analysis is not restricted to three‐component systems but can be applied to general s‐component systems. Generalized Borgen plots are identical to the classical Borgen plots for nonnegative data. The analysis in this work also bridges the gap between the different scalings (Borgen norms) used for AFS computations.The algorithmic procedure of generalized Borgen plots for three‐component systems and its implementation in the FAC‐PACK software are described in the second part of this paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switch‐On Fluorescence of a Perylene‐Dye‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework through Postsynthetic Modification
Authors: Dietl Christian , Hintz Henrik , Rühle Bastian , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Langhals Heinz , Wuttke Stefan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA perylene dye was introduced directly as a linker into a metal–organic framework (MOF) during synthesis. Depending on the dye concentration in the MOF synthesis mixture, different fluorescent materials were generated. The successful incorporation of the dye was proven by using 13C and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, by solution NMR spectroscopy after digestion of the MOF sample, and by synthesizing a reference dye without connecting groups, which could coordinate on the metal–oxo cluster inside the MOF. Fluorescence quenching effects of the MOF linker, 2‐aminoterephthalate, were observed and overcome by postsynthetic modification with acetic anhydride. We show here for the first time that amino groups, which can be used as anchoring points for covalent attachment of other molecules, are responsible for fluorescence quenching. Thus, a very promising strategy to implement switchable fluorescence into MOFs is shown here.
Pilz produziert antimikrobielles Peptid
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAuf Dung konkurrieren Pilze, Bakterien und andere Mikroben um den Lebensraum. Zum ersten Mal wurde untersucht, ob ein Basidiomycet, also ein Ständerpilz, dabei Antibiotika einsetzt. Im Labor wurde mit einer neuen Co‐Kultivierung die Kommunikation des Struppigen Mist‐Tintlings Coprinopsis cinerea mit verschiedenen Bakterien untersucht. Dabei wurde das antimikrobielle Peptid Copsin entdeckt.
Teixobactin: Antibiotikum vom iChip
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie meisten gegenwärtig verwendeten Antibiotika sind Naturstoffe oder Naturstoffderivate. Der wichtigste Ansatz, neue Antibiotika zu entdecken, ist daher das Screening von natürlichen Quellen. Einem amerikanisch‐deutsch‐englischen Forschungszusammenschluss ist es jüngst gelungen, ein neues Antibiotikum zu extrahieren und zu charakterisieren, das hochwirksam gegen multiresistente Keime ist.
Gen‐Schere weckt Neugier, Hoffnungen und Ängste
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEine Gen‐Schere, die man zielgenau auf eine beliebige DNA‐Sequenz ansetzen kann, weckt neue Hoffnung in der Gentherapie und Angst vor Manipulationen an der Keimbahn. Unterdessen entschlüsselt die Forschung noch, wie dieses System in der Natur Bakterien vor Viren schützt.
Does gender diversity on corporate boards increase risk‐taking?
Authors: Loukil Nadia , Yousfi Ouidad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe study the impact of board gender diversity on firm risk‐taking in a developing market. Our study is drawn from a sample of 30 Tunisian‐listed firms between 1997 and 2010. First, we found that women have a risk perception that leads to risk avoidance behaviour: the presence of women directors, even when there is one woman director, is positively associated with cash ratio. Second, we showed no significant relationship between board gender diversity and the propensity to take strategic or financial risk‐taking. Third, the presence of state officer/bureaucrats and/or politically connected women have a positive effect on cash holding and investment opportunities. Finally, we found that foreign investors do not invest in firms with gender‐diverse boards. We conclude with a discussion of contributions to scholarship and practice, and present avenues for future research. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Kong Lingwei , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Zhi Junge , Feng Xiao , Dong Yuping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new type of AIE molecules based on hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadienes was reported with respect to the synthesis and characterization. This material exhibited different maximum emission wavelength and enhanced emission intensity at different aggregate state (amorphous and crystalline state).
PEG Click‐Triazole Palladacycle: An Efficient Precatalyst for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura and Copper‐free Sonogashira Reactions in Neat Water
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Zhang Wei , Luan Yuxin , Han Xingwang , Ding Chengrong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel water‐soluble, phosphine‐free PEG "click" triazole palladacycle has been successfully synthesized. As a precatalyst, the palladacycle exhibited superior catalytic activity towards Suzuki‐Miyaura and copper‐free Sonogashira cross‐coupling in neat water with the turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 9.8×105. In addition, the catalyst could be reused at least 3 times without significant loss of reactivity.
Synthesis of Two Coumarins Isolated from Aster praealtus
Authors: Wang Bo , Chen Huijun , Wu Yikang , Liu Bo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo coumarins isolated from Aster praealtus were synthesized via a direct coupling of the corresponding cyclohexyl carbinol with a coumarin‐derived aryl bromide or iodide, a very difficult etherification due to the excess steric congestion around the carbinol and the low reactivity of the aryl halide that frustrated many seemingly feasible protocols. Unequivocal 1H and 13C NMR data for these compounds were thus made available for the first time. Uncertainty and errors in 1H and 13C NMR data in previous reports are also eliminated and revealed, respectively.
Universal tumor screening for Lynch syndrome: Assessment of the perspectives of patients with colorectal cancer regarding benefits and barriers
Authors: Hunter Jessica Ezzell , Zepp Jamilyn M. , Gilmore Mari J. , Davis James V. , Esterberg Elizabeth J. , Muessig Kristin R. , Peterson Susan K. , Syngal Sapna , Acheson Louise S. , Wiesner Georgia L. , Reiss Jacob A. , Goddard Katrina A.B. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDUniversal tumor screening for Lynch syndrome, the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), has been recommended among all patients newly diagnosed with CRC. However, there is limited literature regarding patient perspectives of tumor screening for Lynch syndrome among patients with CRC who are not selected for screening based on family history criteria.METHODSA total of 145 patients aged 39 to 87 years were administered surveys assessing perceived risk, patient perspectives, and potential benefits of and barriers to tumor screening for Lynch syndrome. Associations between patient‐specific and cancer‐specific factors and survey responses were analyzed.RESULTSThe majority of participants perceived their risk of developing Lynch syndrome as being low, with 9 participants (6.2%) anticipating an abnormal screening result. However, most participants endorsed the potential benefits of screening for themselves and their families, with 84.8% endorsing ≥6 benefits and 50.3% endorsing all 8 benefits. Participants also endorsed few potential barriers to screening, with 89.4% endorsing ≤4 of 9 potential barriers. A common barrier was worry about the cost of additional testing and surveillance, which was endorsed by 54.5% of participants. The level of distress associated with tumor screening for Lynch syndrome, which was very low, was not associated with age or CRC stage.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study indicate that patients with CRC overall have a positive attitude toward tumor screening for Lynch syndrome, endorse the benefits of screening, and experience low levels of distress. These findings provide insight into patient attitudes toward tumor screening for Lynch syndrome among unselected patients with CRC to inform educational approaches that assist in patient decision‐making and guide the successful implementation of screening programs. Cancer 2015;121:3281–3289. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Origin of the Regioselectivity in the Gas‐Phase Aniline+CH3+ Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Kinzel Daniel , Zilberg Shmuel , González Leticia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to monitor the attack of CH3+ on aniline in the gas phase to form the corresponding σ complexes. The reaction is ultrafast and is governed by a single electron transfer within 30 fs, which involves two sequential conical intersections and finally produces a radical pair. Positive‐charge allocation in the aromatic compound is found to govern the substitution pattern in ortho, meta, or para position. Although the major products in the first step of the electrophilic aromatic substitution are the ortho and para σ complexes, initially 26 % of the simulated trajectories also form meta complexes, which then undergo H shifts, mainly to the para position.
Chemically Modified Diatoms Biosilica for Bone Cell Growth with Combined Drug‐Delivery and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Cicco Stefania R. , Vona Danilo , De Giglio Elvira , Cometa Stefania , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Palumbo Fabio , Ragni Roberta , Farinola Gianluca M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis month’s cover is dedicated to the joint project coordinated by Prof. Gianluca M. Farinola involving the Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, CNR ICCOM and IMIP in Bari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, and Jaber Innovation. The cover picture shows an SEM image of nanostructured biosilica produced by­ Thalassiosira weissflogii­ diatoms covalently functionalized with the radical scavenger TEMPO (green disks) and loaded with the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (red/white capsules), which is used to combat infections related to orthopedic implants. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402398.
Characterization and parameterization of dynamic wireless channels over long duration using evolutionary channel parameters
Authors: Chude‐Okonkwo Uche A. K. , Chude‐Olisah Chollette C. , Nunoo Solomon , Nga Razal 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe characterization and parameterization of processes that arise in many fields of science and technology are very crucial. Of particular importance are dynamic processes whose statistics are time‐varying and are often modeled as stochastic processes. A typical example of such process is the wireless communication channel. Existing methods that are used to characterize and parameterize the dynamic stochastic wireless channel often consider short‐term duration over which the channel statistics are invariant. Conversely, this paper presents the characterization of the dynamic wireless communication channel over a long‐term duration where time/frequency channel realizations are obtained at sample intervals. To structure such channel realizations over a long duration, the idea of concatenating the ‘instantaneous’ channel realizations is presented. The resultant concatenated multivariable process is characterized using the concepts of process non‐summability and piecewise separability. Based on these concepts, the second‐order statistical parameterization of the concatenated stochastic process in both time and frequency domain is presented. The parameterization approach is based on fitting appropriate set of unit step functions that approximate the raw concatenated data using sets of evolutionary stationarity parameters. To illustrate the concepts developed in this paper, measurement‐based experiments and analysis are presented and adaptively applied to improve wideband multicarrier system performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive KPCA approach for detecting LDoS attack
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wu Zhijun , Chen Jiusheng , Yue Meng 
Published: June 2015

SummaryLow‐rate denial‐of‐service (LDoS) attack sends out attack packets at low‐average rate of traffic flow in short time. It is stealthier than traditional DoS attack, which makes detection of LDoS extremely difficult. In this paper, an adaptive kernel principal component analysis method is proposed for LDoS attack detection. The network traffic flow is extracted through wavelet multi‐scale analysis. An adaptive kernel principal component analysis method is adopted to detect LDoS attack through the squared prediction error statistics. Key parameters such as the parameter of the radial basis function, the number of principal components, and the squared prediction error confidence limit are adaptively trained with training data and updated with the network environment. Simulation is accomplished in NS‐2 environment, and results prove the favorable LDoS attack detection efficiency by the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration and scaling of UV‐B radiation effects on plants: from DNA to leaf
Authors: Suchar Vasile Alexandru , Robberecht Ronald 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA process‐based model integrating the effects of UV‐B radiation through epidermis, cellular DNA, and its consequences to the leaf expansion was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Enhanced UV‐B radiation‐induced DNA damage significantly delayed cell division, resulting in significant reductions in leaf growth and development. Ambient UV‐B radiation‐induced DNA damage significantly reduced the leaf growth of species with high relative epidermal absorbance at longer wavelengths and average/low pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers (CPD) photorepair rates. Leaf expansion was highly dependent on the number of CPD present in the DNA, as a result of UV‐B radiation dose, quantitative and qualitative absorptive properties of epidermal pigments, and repair mechanisms. Formation of pyrimidine‐pyrimidone (6‐4) photoproducts (6‐4PP) has no effect on the leaf expansion. Repair mechanisms could not solely prevent the UV‐B radiation interference with the cell division. Avoidance or effective shielding by increased or modified qualitative epidermal absorptance was required. Sustained increased UV‐B radiation levels are more detrimental than short, high doses of UV‐B radiation. The combination of low temperature and increased UV‐B radiation was more significant in the level of UV‐B radiation‐induced damage than UV‐B radiation alone. Slow‐growing leaves were more affected by increased UV‐B radiation than fast‐growing leaves.
In vivo and ex vivo functional characterization of left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Santer David , Nagel Felix , Kreibich Maximilian , Dzilic Elda , Moser Philipp T. , Muschitz Gabriela , Inci Milat , Krssak Martin , Plasenzotti Roberto , Bergmeister Helga , Trescher Karola , Podesser Bruno K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsThe interest in cardiac remodelling (REM) has steadily increased during recent years. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize REM following myocardial infarction (MI) in mice using high‐end in vivo and ex vivo methods.Methods and resultsMyocardial infarction or sham operation was induced in A/J mice. Six weeks later, mice underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and were subsequently sacrificed for ex vivo measurements on the isolated heart. Thereafter, hearts were trichrome stained for infarction size calculation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significantly reduced ejection fraction (P < 0.01) as well as increased end‐systolic and end‐diastolic volumes (P < 0.01) after MI. The mean infarct size was 48.8 ± 6.9% of left ventricle. In the isolated working heart coronary flow (time point 20′: 6.6 ± 0.9 vs. 13.9 ± 1.6 mL/min, P < 0.01), cardiac output (time point 20′: 17.5 ± 2.6 vs. 36.1 ± 4.3 mL/min, P < 0.01) and pump function (80 mmHg: 2.15 ± 0.88 vs. 4.83 ± 0.76, P < 0.05) were significantly attenuated in MI hearts during all measurements. Systolic and diastolic wall stress were significantly elevated in MI animals.ConclusionThis two‐step approach is reasonable, since data quality increases while animals are not exposed to major additional interventions. Both the working heart and magnetic resonance imaging offer a reliable characterization of the functional changes that go along with the development of post‐MI REM. By combining these two techniques, additional information such as wall stress can be evaluated.
Conversion of Dihydroartemisinic Acid into Dihydro‐epi‐deoxyarteannuin B
Authors: Chen Hui‐Jun , Hao Hong‐Dong , Wu Yikang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA facile and high‐yielding one‐step conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into dihydro‐epi‐deoxyarteannuin B, a natural product and a pivotal compound in the synthesis of several other natural products isolated from Artemisia annua L., was developed after the systematic examination of several potentially applicable conditions. The transformation, most satisfactorily effected with Pd(OAc)2/CuCl2/MnO2, makes it possible to access many known potent antimalarial trioxanes from readily available artemisinic acid. Some interesting cases of differentiation between the carbonyl groups are also presented.
[3]‐1‐Azadendralenes as Versatile Building Blocks for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Hexahydroquinazolin‐2‐ones and Hexahydrobenzothiazine‐2‐­imines
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru , Kudo Kenji , Ito Ai , Honjo Takuya , Yata Masahiro , Otani Takashi , Kutsumura Noriki , Saito Takao , Berrée Fabienne , Romain Elise , Tripoteau Fabien , Carboni Bertrand 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA diene‐transmissive hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of cross‐conjugated 1‐azatrienes (3‐1‐azadendralenes) is described for the synthesis of hexahydroquinazolin‐2‐ones and hexahydrobenzothiazine‐2‐imines derivatives. [4+2] Cycloaddition reactions with tosyl isocyanate or aryl isothiocyanates gave mono‐cycloadducts with high chemo‐ and regioselectivities. The second Diels–Alder reaction with representative dienophiles, tetracyanoethylene, N‐phenylmaleimide, and methyl vinyl ketone, stereoselectively produced ring‐fused nitrogen heterocycles. Skeletal diversity can be accessed by combining the three reaction partners – primary amine, tosyl isocyanate, and cross‐conjugated 1‐oxatriene – in a different sequential order.
1,1′‐Dialkynylferrocenes as Substrates for Bidirectional Alkyne Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Ma Jingxiang , Krauße Nico , Butenschön Holger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the construction of ferrocene‐based molecular wires, alkyne metathesis was investigated as an alternative to palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions for the synthesis of alkynyl ferrocenes. With a Mortreux catalyst system [Mo(CO)6, 4‐chloro‐ or 2‐fluorophenol], (1‐propynyl)ferrocenes gave the expected homo metathesis products in moderate yields. Because the Mortreux catalyst system is not compatible with 1,1′‐dialkynylferrocenes, a nitridomolybdenum catalyst introduced by Fürstner was tested in bidirectional homo and cross‐alkyne metathesis reactions. Although the homo alkyne metathesis products were obtained in poor yields, the cross‐alkyne metathesis reactions afforded the expected products in good overall yields.