bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unexpected Etiology of Priapism: Infection-Related Anti-Protein S Antibodies
Authors: Boissier Elodie , Durant Cécile , Vildy Sophie , Glemain Pascal , Lakhal Karim , Graveleau Julie , Masseau Agathe , Fouassier Marc 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
In adolescents, the occurrence of priapism is commonly related to sickle cell disease and rarely to other causes. We hereby report a case of priapism due to an acquired protein S (PS) deficiency.

Aim
The aim of this study was to describe a young man who developed a priapism with a thrombosis of the corpora cavernosa associated with an anti-PS antibody (anti-PS Ab).

Methods
One week after the onset of an influenza-like illness, a young male developed multiple extensive venous thromboses including a thrombosis of the corpora cavernosa causing painful partial priapism. These thromboses along with purpuric lesions with necrotic vesicles of the feet skin were linked to an acquired PS deficiency due to an anti-PS Ab. The optimal treatment of anti-PS Ab-associated thrombosis is debated but we chose to initiate (i) heparin; (ii) corticosteroids; and (iii) plasmapheresis.

Results
Even if priapism lasted more than 4 days, a full recovery of erectile function was observed within 3 months. As compared with priapism due to sickle cell disease, which is commonly associated with definitive erectile dysfunction, this favorable outcome is noteworthy. The skin healing was complete only 6 months later.

Conclusion
Acquired PS deficiency complicating an infectious disease is a rare, life-threatening condition, associated with substantial morbidity related to amputations of limbs or digits. This is the first report of priapism due to acquired PS deficiency.
Markers of Angiogenesis Associated with Surgical Attenuation of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs
Authors: Tivers M.S. , House A.K. , Smith K.C. , Wheeler‐Jones C.P.D. , Lipscomb V.J. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundDogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) have hypoplasia of the intrahepatic portal veins. Surgical CPSS attenuation results in the development of the intrahepatic portal vasculature, the precise mechanism for which is unknown, although new vessel formation by angiogenesis is suspected.HypothesisThat the degree of portal vascular development and the increase in portal vascularization after CPSS attenuation is significantly associated with hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression and serum VEGF concentration.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with CPSS undergoing surgical treatment. Forty‐nine dogs were included in the gene expression data and 35 in the serum VEGF data.Materials and MethodsDogs surgically treated by partial or complete CPSS attenuation were prospectively recruited. Relative gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was measured in liver biopsy samples taken at initial and follow‐up surgery using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum VEGF concentration was measured before and after CPSS attenuation using a canine specific ELISA. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level (P ≤ .05).ResultsThere was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 after partial attenuation (P = .006). Dogs that could tolerate complete attenuation had significantly greater VEGFR2 mRNA expression than those that only tolerated partial attenuation (P = .037). Serum VEGF concentration was significantly increased at 24 (P < .001) and 48 (P = .003) hours after attenuation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese findings suggest that intrahepatic angiogenesis is likely to occur after the surgical attenuation of CPSS in dogs, and contributes to the development of the intrahepatic vasculature postoperatively.
Quantifying multimodal trait distributions improves trait‐based predictions of species abundances and functional diversity
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. , Joshi Chaitanya , Richardson Sarah J. , Peltzer Duane A. , Mason Norman W.H. , Wardle David A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractQuestionNiche differentiation results in functionally diverse communities that are often composed of dominant species with contrasting trait values. However, many predictive trait‐based models that emphasize environmental filtering have implicitly assumed that traits exhibit unimodal distributions among individuals within communities centred on an optimal trait value. Does accounting for more complex, multimodal trait distributions among individuals in a community improve predictions of species abundances and functional diversity along environmental gradients?LocationFranz Josef soil chronosequence, central Westland, New Zealand.MethodsLeaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations from 23 woody plant species were modelled as functions of soil total N and P from eight sites of declining soil P. We compared predictions to observations of species abundances and functional diversity along the soil chronosequence using two modelling approaches: (i) the standard application of the hierarchical Bayesian Traitspace model that assumes unimodally distributed traits at each point along the gradient, and (ii) a modified application of the model that accounts for multimodal trait distributions within each community.ResultsSoil P was the strongest predictor of traits and species abundances. The strength of the environmental filter of leaf traits changed along this gradient, as evidenced by highly constrained variances and low modality of the trait distribution at low soil P, and high variance and multimodality at high soil P. Both modelling approaches predicted species abundances that were significantly correlated with observations, but the multimodal approach significantly improved predictions of species abundances and functional diversity.ConclusionsOur results indicate that predictive models that emphasize environmental filtering over niche differentiation by assuming unimodal trait distributions can be more parsimonious than more complex approaches, especially when predicting species abundances along strong environmental gradients. However, models need to account for trait multimodality if they are to accurately replicate spatial patterns in functional diversity. This is important since functional diversity may be a key predictor of ecosystem function and resilience to global change.
There's no place like home? An exploration of the mechanisms behind plant litter–decomposer affinity in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Austin Amy T. , Vivanco Lucía , González‐Arzac Adelia , Pérez Luis I. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryLitter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems is an important first step for carbon and nutrient cycling, as senescent plant material is degraded and consequently incorporated, along with microbial products, into soil organic matter. The identification of litter affinity effects, whereby decomposition is accelerated in its home environment (home‐field advantage,HFA), highlights the importance of plant–soil interactions that have consequences for biogeochemical cycling. While not universal, these affinity effects have been identified in a range of ecosystems, particularly in forests without disturbance. The optimization of the local decomposer community to degrade a particular combination of litter traits is the most oft‐cited explanation forHFAeffects, but the ways in which this specialized community can develop are only beginning to be understood. We explore ways in whichHFA, or more broadly litter affinity effects, could arise in terrestrial ecosystems. Plant–herbivore interactions, microbial symbiosis, legacies from phyllosphere communities and attractors of specific soil fauna could contribute to spatially defined affinity effects for litter decomposition. Pyrosequencing soil communities and functional linkages of soil fauna provide great promise in advancing our mechanistic understanding of these interactions, and could lead to a greater appreciation of the role of litter–decomposer affinity in the maintenance of soil functional diversity.
Differential inheritance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit pigments results in black to violet fruit colour
Authors: Stommel John R. , Pushko Marija , Haynes Kathleen G. , Whitaker Bruce D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractColour is a critical determinant of fruit and vegetable quality. We characterized the inheritance of black and violet immature pepper fruit colour and chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin pigments responsible for fruit colour. Segregation for black vs. violet fruit colour deviated from expectations for simple inheritance. The primary determinant of fruit colour was the concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments relative to anthocyanin concentration. Whereas anthocyanin concentration was 34% greater in violet fruit, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were 20‐fold and fourfold greater, respectively, in black fruit relative to concentrations found in violet fruit. Measurement of Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) colour space scores revealed larger a* values and smaller b* values for violet fruit relative to corresponding parameters for black fruit. An additive–dominance model was sufficient to explain the variation in individual fruit pigments as well as the CIE parameter a*. Addition of additive × additive effects to the additive–dominance model resulted in the best‐fit model m[d][h][i] for L* and b* colour space parameters. For all pigment classes, significant additive effects contributed to the genetic variance for fruit colour.
Immune response of γδT cells in Schistosome japonicum–infected C57BL/6 mouse liver
Authors: Xie H. , Chen D. , Li L. , Yu X. , Wu C. , Gu H. , Tang X. , Peng A. , Huang J. 
Published: August 2014

SummarySystematic evaluation of the role of γδT cells during the Schistosoma japonicum infection has not been reported, despite the fact that γδT cells contribute to many infectious diseases in innate immunity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to observe the properties of γδT cells in the liver of C57BL/6 mice infected by S. japonicum. In this report, using immuno‐fluorescent histological analysis, γδT cells were found around hepatic granulomatous. Moreover, the flow cytometry results revealed that the percentage of hepatic γδT cells increased significantly after S. japonicum infection. More interestingly, a subset of CD3−γδTCR+ cells were found and markedly increased after infection. Furthermore, expression of activation markers (CD25 and CD69) and cytokine profiles were detected in these hepatic CD3+γδTCR+and CD3−γδTCR+ cells. The significantly higher level of CD69, IL‐4 and IL‐17 were observed in CD3+γδTCR+ cells after infection, suggesting that CD3+γδTCR+ cells instead of CD3−γδTCR+ cells might play a predominant role during the infection. Finally, our results indicated that the expression of NKG2D on CD3+γδTCR+ cells was higher than that on CD3−γδTCR+ cells. Collectively, γδT cells could play an important role in the liver of C57BL/6 mouse during japonicum infection.
Flow ofBotrytis cinereainoculum between lettuce crop and soil
Authors: Leyronas C. , Duffaud M. , Parès L. , Jeannequin B. , Nicot P. C. 
Published: August 2014

Botrytis cinereacauses grey mould, a disease common on many economically important crops. Although much attention is paid to the airborne inoculum of this fungus, as it sporulates abundantly in favourable conditions, knowledge on the abundance and genetic characteristics of soilborne inoculum could help improve control strategies. In this study, the soilborne inoculum ofB. cinereawas quantified in two greenhouses at different times before and after the cultivation of four successive lettuce crops. Between 0 and 1177 colony‐forming units (CFU) ofB. cinereaper gram of soil were recorded. There was no significant correlation between abundance of soilborne inoculum and subsequent disease incidence on lettuce (P = 0·11). Sixty‐five isolates collected from diseased plants and 66 isolates collected from the soil were investigated for their genetic diversity. The soil strains showed lower genetic diversity than the lettuce strains when considering the unbiased gene diversity within the nine microsatellite loci, the mean number of alleles per locus and the haplotypic diversity. The genetic differentiation between lettuce and soil strains decreased over three successive lettuce crops. At the same time, the genetic structure of the two groups of strains tended to become similar. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a flow of inoculum between the lettuce crop and the soil, and vice versa. The study shows that grey mould management should pay more attention to the inoculum ofB. cinereapresent in the soil.
A Cox‐Aalen Model for Interval‐censored Data
Authors: Boruvka Audrey , Cook Richard J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Cox‐Aalen model, obtained by replacing the baseline hazard function in the well‐known Cox model with a covariate‐dependent Aalen model, allows for both fixed and dynamic covariate effects. In this paper, we examine maximum likelihood estimation for a Cox‐Aalen model based on interval‐censored failure times with fixed covariates. The resulting estimator globally converges to the truth slower than the parametric rate, but its finite‐dimensional component is asymptotically efficient. Numerical studies show that estimation via a constrained Newton method performs well in terms of both finite sample properties and processing time for moderate‐to‐large samples with few covariates. We conclude with an application of the proposed methods to assess risk factors for disease progression in psoriatic arthritis.
Improved Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium pasteurianum Strain ATCC 6013 (DSM 525) Using a Hybrid Next-Generation Sequencing Approach
Authors: Pyne Michael E. , Utturkar Sagar , Brown Steven D. , Moo-Young Murray , Chung Duane A. , Chou C. Perry 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We present an improved draft genome sequence for
Clostridium pasteurianum
strain ATCC 6013 (DSM 525), the type strain of the species and an important solventogenic bacterium with industrial potential. Availability of a near-complete genome sequence will enable strain engineering of this promising bacterium.
Disciplined doctors: Does the sex of a doctor matter? A cross-sectional study examining the association between a doctor's sex and receiving sanctions against their medical registration
Authors: Unwin Emily , Woolf Katherine , Wadlow Clare , Dacre Jane 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the association between doctors’ sex and receiving sanctions on their medical registration, while controlling for other potentially confounding variables.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe General Medical Council (GMC)'s List of Registered Medical Practitioners (LRMP) database of doctors practising in the UK.PopulationAll doctors on the GMC's LRMP on 29 May 2013. The database included all doctors who are or have been registered to practise medicine in the UK since October 2005. The exposure of interest was doctor's sex. Confounding variables included years since primary medical qualification, world region of primary medical qualification and specialty.Outcome measuresSanctions on a doctor's medical registration. Sanction types included warnings, undertakings, conditions, suspension or erasure from the register. Binary logistic regression modelling, controlling for confounders, described the association between the doctor's sex and sanctions on a doctor's medical registration.ResultsOf the 329 542 doctors on the LRMP, 2697 (0.8%) had sanctions against their registration, 516 (19.1%) of whom were female. In the fully adjusted model, female doctors had nearly a third of the odds (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.41) of having sanctions compared to male doctors. There was evidence that the association varies with specialty, with female doctors who had specialised as general practitioners being the least likely to receive sanctions compared with their male colleagues (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.31).ConclusionsFemale doctors have reduced odds of receiving sanctions on their medical registration when compared with their male colleagues. This association remained after adjustment for the confounding factors. These results are representative of all doctors registered to practise in the UK. Further exploration of why doctors’ sex may impact their professional performance is underway.
Efficacy of cilostazol on platelet reactivity and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from a meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Bangalore Sripal , Singh Amita , Toklu Bora , DiNicolantonio James J , Croce Kevin , Feit Frederick , Bhatt Deepak L 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundCilostazol overcomes high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and reduces adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the role for triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) with cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel after PCI is not well defined.MethodsWe conducted a MEDLINE/EMBASE/CENTRAL search for randomised trials, until May 2014, evaluating TAPT compared with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) of aspirin and clopidogrel alone in patients undergoing PCI and reporting platelet reactivity and/or CV outcomes. The primary platelet reactivity outcome was differences in platelet reactivity unit (PRU) with secondary outcomes of %platelet inhibition and rate of HTPR. The primary CV outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with secondary outcomes of death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis (ST), target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and target vessel revascularisation (TVR) as well as safety outcomes of bleeding and drug discontinuations.ResultsIn 17 trials that evaluated platelet reactivity outcomes, the mean PRU value was 47.73 units lower with TAPT versus DAPT (95% CI −61.41 to −34.04, p<0.0001; mean PRU 182.90 vs 232.65). TAPT also increased platelet inhibition by 12.71% (95% CI 10.76 to 14.67, p<0.0001), and led to a 60% reduction in the risk of HTPR (relative risk=0.40; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.53) compared with DAPT. Moreover, among the 34 trials that evaluated CV outcomes, TAPT reduced the risk of MACE (incident rate ratio (IRR)=0.68; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.78), TLR (IRR=0.57; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.73), TVR (IRR=0.69; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.81) and ST (IRR=0.63; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98) with no difference for other outcomes including bleeding, even in trials using drug-eluting stents. Drug discontinuation due to adverse effects was, however, higher with TAPT vs DAPT (IRR=1.59; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.91).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI, addition of cilostazol to DAPT results in decreased platelet reactivity and a significant reduction in CV outcomes including ST, even in the drug-eluting stent era.
Systematics of water isotopic composition and chlorine content in arc-volcanic gases
Authors: Taran Yuri , Zelenski Mikhail 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

In this review paper a set of chemical (H
2
O, CO
2
, S, HCl, HF) and water isotopic (δD, δ
18
O) data is compiled for 26 subduction zone volcanoes and 3 volcanoes of other tectonic settings. To the arc-volcano dataset we added new data on high-temperature gas vents from three Kamchatkan volcanoes (Gorely, Bezymianny and Tolbachik) and also published data on the chemical composition of volcanic plumes obtained by remote instrumental techniques (Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) MultiGas) for volcanoes of different tectonic settings. Three typical cases of the persistent volcanic degassing in terms of δD, δ
18
O of the volcanic vapour and its HCl content are discussed in detail: (1) Kudryavy type with a clear two-end-member mixing behaviour; (2) degassing of active or cooling lava domes with fractionation of both water isotopes and Cl content; and (3) degassing of small volcanic islands with a complex admixing of meteorics and seawater. We show that independently of the complexity of the shallow processes which affect volcano degassing, the highest temperature volcanic gases are characterized by δD values and HCl concentrations close to −25‰ V-SMOW and 0.5–1.0 mol%, respectively. These values are the same for any volcanic arc (except maybe Mediterranean volcanoes) and are the result of seawater recycling at subduction zones on the global scale. In contrast to volcanic fluids of non-arc settings, the arc-magmatic fluid has uniformity not only in water isotopic composition and Cl content but also in the total composition (H–C–O–S–Cl–F).
Variation in Mutation Spectrum Partly Explains Regional Differences in the Breast Cancer Risk of Female BRCA Mutation Carriers in the Netherlands
Authors: Vos Janet R. , Teixeira Natalia , van der Kolk Dorina M. , Mourits Marian J.E. , Rookus Matti A. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Collée Margriet , van Asperen Christi J. , Mensenkamp Arjen R. , Ausems Margreet G.E.M. , van Os Theo A.M. , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E.J. , Gómez-Garcia Encarna B. , Vasen Hans F. , Brohet Richard M. ,   on behalf of the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands, van der Hout Annemarie H. , Jansen Liesbeth , Oosterwijk Jan C. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: We aimed to quantify previously observed relatively high cancer risks in BRCA2 mutation carriers (BRCA2 carriers) older than 60 in the Northern Netherlands, and to analyze whether these could be explained by mutation spectrum or population background risk.
Methods: This consecutive cohort study included all known pathogenic BRCA1/2 carriers in the Northern Netherlands (N = 1,050). Carrier and general reference populations were: BRCA1/2 carriers in the rest of the Netherlands (N = 2,013) and the general population in both regions. Regional differences were assessed with HRs and ORs. HRs were adjusted for birth year and mutation spectrum.
Results: All BRCA1 carriers and BRCA2 carriers younger than 60 had a significantly lower breast cancer risk in the Northern Netherlands; HRs were 0.66 and 0.64, respectively. Above age 60, the breast cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers in the Northern Netherlands was higher than in the rest of the Netherlands [HR, 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–14.35]. Adjustment for mutational spectrum changed the HRs for BRCA1, BRCA2 &lt;60, and BRCA2 ≥60 years by −3%, +32%, and +11% to 0.75, 0.50, and 2.61, respectively. There was no difference in background breast cancer incidence between the two regions (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97–1.09).
Conclusions: Differences in mutation spectrum only partly explain the regional differences in breast cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers, and for an even smaller part in BRCA1 carriers.
Impact: The increased risk in BRCA2 carriers older than 60 may warrant extension of intensive breast screening beyond age 60. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2482–91. ©2014 AACR.