bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance as an Achievement and as a Cultural Event
Authors: Barragán Oscar 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this essay I argue that some aspects of aesthetic philosophy of music education are compatible with multicultural proposals. To show this I first distinguish between two different aspects of multicultural advocacy: one related to sociopolitical goals and one related to the inclusion of different musical traditions and practices in our music programs. These two conceptions of multiculturalism are complementary but can be distinguished for purposes of clarifying the relationship between aesthetic and multicultural assumptions about the value of multicultural music education. I then consider how the multicultural interest for the appreciation of extramusical values can coexist with aesthetic education’s concerns for the appreciation of "music for its own sake." In this respect I reveal how Phillip Alperson’s (2008) notion of work-in- performance can accommodate aesthetic and multiculturalist intuitions. The idea of work-in-performance tells us that sometimes we attend to two aspects of the musical presentation simultaneously: we attend to the musical content of the presentation and to the act of the performer in producing or reproducing such content. For this reason we can think of performance as a kind of musical practice characterized by a dual object of attention. This means that in some cases we need to acknowledge these two aspects of the performance in order to understand the value of the presentation. It suggests further that in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the performance, we may need intuitions from aesthetic and multiculturalist considerations.
Fiasco: Formalism, Communication, and Aesthetic Education
Authors: Moore Kevin Z. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A forty-thousand-year-old history of profound and unprecedented verisimilitude in the visual arts ended in a fiasco of visual communication in the twentieth century. And the fiasco continues into the twenty-first century, thanks to tenured formalists in art schools and exorbitant prices in auction houses and galleries, with incomprehensible art fetching incomprehensible prices. After all, the cost of the new art’s victory over illustration was visual communication, a cost many have come to think too dear. That cost need not be paid in full, however, if art education and the finer optic of ultrathin observation redirect formalism onto productively observational pathways, weaving back into formalism features for sharing information that were untimely ripped from it by a century of overzealous and poorly informed interests in advancing visual communication in the arts.
The Education of Grown-ups: An Aesthetics of Reading Cavell
Authors: David LaRocca 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Just as there was a time when it was uncommon, not to say unfashionable and perhaps professionally treacherous, for philosophers to write about Ralph Waldo Emerson, there was also a time when the pertinence of Stanley Cavell’s work for philosophy was a point of controversy. Now there is little reason to worry or complain that his work is not getting sufficient attention, so this essay is not undertaken in a mode of defense or complaint, but instead in a mood of wonder. I am interested in the phenomenon and practice of reading Cavell’s writing--work that appears capable of inspiring new writing while also causing the inspired to feel afraid of, or otherwise estranged from, the work. Panicked by its pedagogical force, a reader trying to write new things may be led to defer or diminish the work that inspired those new things, finding that the inspiration suffocates new initiatives in prose. In this essay I attend closely to how these and other issues in the aesthetics of reading appear when reading Cavell. My invocation of Cavell’s notion that "philosophy becomes the education of grownups" is meant to associate the aesthetics of reading Cavell’s work with the more general experience of education as it continues into maturity, regardless of discipline.
Rapid Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Drug Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Wilson Michael L. 
Published: May 2013

Context.—The global control of tuberculosis remains a challenge from the standpoint of diagnosis, detection of drug resistance, and treatment. This is an area of special concern to the health of women and children, particularly in regions of the world with high infant mortality rates and where women have limited access to health care.
Objective.—Because treatment can only be initiated when infection is detected, and is guided by the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, there recently has been a marked increase in the development and testing of novel assays designed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with or without simultaneous detection of resistance to isoniazid and/or rifampin. Both nonmolecular and molecular assays have been developed. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the use of rapid tests to detect M tuberculosis and drug resistance.
Data Sources.—Review of the most recent World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report, as well as selected publications in the primary research literature, meta-analyses, and review articles.
Conclusions.—To a large extent, nonmolecular methods are refinements or modifications of conventional methods, with the primary goal of providing more rapid test results. In contrast, molecular methods use novel technologies to detect the presence of M tuberculosis complex and genes conferring drug resistance. Evaluations of molecular assays have generally shown that these assays are of variable sensitivity for detecting the presence of M tuberculosis complex, and in particular are insensitive when used with smear-negative specimens. As a group, molecular assays have been shown to be of high sensitivity for detecting resistance to rifampin, but of variable sensitivity for detecting resistance to isoniazid.
Agreement of Different Drug-Drug Interaction Checkers for Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Carollo Massimo , Crisafulli Salvatore , Selleri Margherita , Piccoli Luca , L’Abbate Luca , Trifirò Gianluca 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a widely prescribed class of drugs, potentially interacting with a large number of medicines, especially among older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Beyond summary of product characteristics (SPCs), interaction checkers (ICs) are routinely used tools to help clinicians in medication review interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the consistency of information on drugs potentially interacting with PPIs as reported in their SPCs and different ICs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using data from SPCs for 5 PPIs (omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole) and 5 ICs (ie, INTERCheck WEB, Micromedex, Lexicomp, Epocrates, and drugs.com). Information from the SPCs and the ICs were extracted between July 15 and 30, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the level of agreement among SPCs and the 5 ICs in identifying drugs potentially interacting with PPIs and attributing drug-drug interaction (DDI) severity categories. The level of agreement was computed using Gwet AC1 statistic on the 5 ICs and by comparing 4-sets and 2-sets of ICs. As a sensitivity analysis, the level of agreement in listing PPI-related DDIs was evaluated using Cohen κ and Fleiss κ coefficients.ResultsConsidering SPCs and the 5 ICs, a total of 518 potentially interacting drugs with omeprazole were reported, 455 for esomeprazole, 433 for lansoprazole, 421 for pantoprazole, and 405 for rabeprazole. As compared with the ICs, the SPCs reported a much smaller number of drugs potentially interacting with PPIs, with proportions ranging from 2.7% (11 potentially interacting drugs) for rabeprazole to 7.6% (33 potentially interacting drugs) for lansoprazole of the total identified drugs at risk of interaction with a PPI. The overall level of agreement among the 5 ICs for identifying potential interactions was poor (from 0.23 [95% CI, 0.21-0.25] for omeprazole to 0.27 [95% CI, 0.24-0.29] for pantoprazole and 0.27 [95% CI, 0.25-0.29] for rabeprazole). Similarly, the level of agreement was low in 4-set and 2-set analyses as well as when restricting the analysis to the potential DDIs identified as severe (range, 0.30-0.32).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found significant disagreement among different ICs and SPCs, highlighting the need to focus on standardizing DDI databases. Therefore, to ensure evaluation and prevention of clinically relevant DDIs, it is recommended to revise multiple ICs and consult with specialists, such as clinical pharmacologists, particularly for patients with complex medical conditions.
Detection of breast cancer by deep belief network with improved activation function
Authors: Archana S. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBreast cancer is the most prevalent kind of tumor to occur in females and the primary cause of death for women. Early detection is perhaps the most successful strategy to minimize breast cancer mortality. Early diagnosis necessitates a consistent and efficient diagnostics method that allows doctors to differentiate benign from malignant breast cancers without a surgical sample. The goal of this endeavor is to develop a sophisticated breast cancer diagnosis method. The primary goal of the paper is to reduce the death rate among women by promoting early detection of breast cancer. First, pre‐processing techniques such as median filtering and contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization are used to the obtained raw images. By doing this, the machine‐learning model's computational complexity is decreased and the image quality is enhanced. K‐means clustering is used to segregate the pre‐processed image. Additionally, features including the enhanced local vector pattern, grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix and local vector patterns are produced in the course of the feature extraction stage. Finally, an optimized deep belief network (DBN) is carrying out the classification process. To boosts the classification accuracy, activation function of DBN (tanh, softmax, ReLu) as well as its weight function is optimized by the proposed grey wolf updated whale optimization algorithm The accuracy of the greywolf updated whale optimization algorithm+DBN is above 93% for datasets 1 and 2 when compared to extant models. Finally, calculation of the performance validates the proposed model's performance.
PEG 300 Promotes Mesodermal Differentiation in iPSC‐Derived Embryoid Body Formation In Vitro
Authors: Xu Jianyi , Fang Lijun , Zhou Jiahui , Jiang Hongjing , Wu Yindi , Liang Yuanfeng , Xiao Cong , Liu Qing , Sun Xuheng , Lin Zhanyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmbryoid bodies (EB) are sensitive to changes in the culture conditions. Recent studies show that the addition of PEG 300 to culture medium affects cell growth and differentiation; however, its effect on the embryoid body is unclear. This study aims to understand the role of PEG 300 in the process of EB formation and germ layer differentiation. EBs formed more efficiently and differentiated toward the mesoderm when cultured in a medium supplemented with appropriate concentrations of PEG 300. The expression of T/Bry, a marker of mesodermal differentiation, increases in EBs in the PEG group, and the expression of TUBB3 generally decreases, showing a quantitative relationship with PEG. Furthermore, further differentiation of PEG‐pretreated EB into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by directional induction shows that PEG 300‐pretreated induced VSMCs have higher expression of phenotypic markers and greater secretory and contractile functions. This study highlights the role of PEG 300 in the culture medium during EB differentiation, which can significantly enhance mesodermal gene expression and the efficiency of subsequent differentiation into smooth muscle cells and other target cells.
Regulation of Type I Interferon and Autophagy in Immunity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Role of CGAS and STING1
Authors: Malik Asrar Ahmad , Shariq Mohd , Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Fayaz Haleema , Srivastava Gauri , Thakuri Deeksha , Ahuja Yashika , Ali Saquib , Alam Anwar , Ehtesham Nasreen Z. , Hasnain Seyed E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a significant intracellular pathogen responsible for numerous infectious disease‐related deaths worldwide. It uses ESX‐1 T7SS to damage phagosomes and to enter the cytosol of host cells after phagocytosis. During infection, M. tb and host mitochondria release dsDNA, which activates the CGAS‐STING1 pathway. This pathway leads to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and activates autophagy, which targets and degrades bacteria within autophagosomes. However, the role of type I IFNs in immunity against M. tb is controversial. While previous research has suggested a protective role, recent findings from cgas‐sting1 knockout mouse studies have contradicted this. Additionally, a study using knockout mice and non‐human primate models uncovered a new mechanism by which neutrophils recruited to lung infections form neutrophil extracellular traps. Activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells causes them to produce type I IFNs, which interfere with the function of interstitial macrophages and increase the likelihood of tuberculosis. Notably, M. tb uses its virulence proteins to disrupt the CGAS‐STING1 signaling pathway leading to enhanced pathogenesis. Investigating the CGAS‐STING1 pathway can help develop new ways to fight tuberculosis.
A Fully Biodegradable and Ultra‐Sensitive Crack‐Based Strain Sensor for Biomechanical Signal Monitoring
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hwan , Bae Jae‐Young , Kim Yoon‐Nam , Chae Minseong , Lee Woo‐Jin , Lee Junsang , Kim Im‐Deok , Hyun Jung Keun , Lee Kang‐Sik , Kang Daeshik , Kang Seung‐Kyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA fully biodegradable, ultra‐sensitive, and soft strain sensor is pivotal for temporary, real‐time monitoring of microdeformations, crucial in disease diagnosis, surgical precision, and prognosis of muscular, and vascular conditions. Nevertheless, the strain sensitivity of previous biodegradable sensors, denoted by gauge factor (GF) up to ≈100, falls short of requirements for complex biomedical monitoring scenarios, specifically monitoring cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases with microscale variations in vascular surface strain. Here, a fully biodegradable, ultra‐sensitive crack‐based flexible strain sensor is introduced achieving GF of 1355 at 1.5% strain through integration of molybdenum (Mo) film, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) adhesion layer, and polycaprolactone (PCL) substrate. Analysis of crack morphology of biodegradable thin‐film metals, including Mo, tungsten (W), and magnesium (Mg), reveals material‐dependent sensitivity and repeatability of crack‐based strain sensors. The effect of the adhesion layer and polymer substrate is also investigated. Overall morphological studies on the sensor present a comprehensive understanding of metal film cracking behavior and corresponding performance characterization, showing significant potential for highly sensitive sensors. A hybrid membrane composed of candelilla wax (Cw), beeswax (Bw), and polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT) is introduced to provide hydrophobic, yet flexible encapsulation. In vivo, short‐term (≈3 days) monitoring of vascular pulsatility underscores the potential of the sensing tool for rapid, accurate, and temporal disease diagnosis and treatment.
Redox‐Responsive Hydrogels Loaded with an Antibacterial Peptide as Controlled Drug Delivery for Healing Infectious Wounds
Authors: Cherri Mariam , Stergiou Paraskevi S. , Ahmadian Zainab , Povolotsky Tatyana L. , Thongrom Boonya , Fan Xin , Mohammadifar Ehsan , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfectious wounds occur when harmful microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses invade a wound site. Its problems associated include delayed healing, increased pain, swelling, and the potential for systemic infections. Therefore, developing new wound dressing materials with antibacterial effects is crucial for improving the healing process. Here a redox‐degradable hydrogel loaded with an antibacterial peptide (vancomycin) in a straightforward gram‐scale synthesis, is developed. The hydrogel structure consists of a disulfide bond‐containing hyperbranched polyglycerol (SS‐hPG) that is cross‐linked by 4‐arm polyethylene glycol‐thiol (4‐arm PEG‐SH). The polymerization mechanism and full characterization of SS‐hPG are described as this synthesis is reported for the first time. Rheology is used to ascertain the hydrogel's mechanical characteristics, such as stiffness, and self‐healing, determining these properties for different ratios and concentrations of both gel components. The incorporation of disulfide bonds in the hydrogel is proved by conducting degradation experiments in reductive environments. Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐albumin (FITC‐BSA) and vancomycin both are loaded into the gel, and the guest release kinetics is assessed for both slow and on‐demand releases. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that the vancomycin‐loaded hydrogel acts as an antibacterial barrier for wound dressing and accelerates the healing of infectious wounds in a mouse model.
Electronic Performance and Schottky Contact of 2D GeH/InSe and GeH/In2Se3 Heterostructures: Strain Engineering and Electric Field Tunability
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Karbasizadeh Siavash , Faraji Mehrdad , Jappor Hamad Rahman , Ziabari Ali Abdolahzadeh , Fadlallah Mohamed M. , Ghergherehchi Mitra , Chang Gap Soo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent exciting developments in synthesis and properties study of the germanane (GeH) mono‐layer have inspired us to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the van der Waals heterostructures (HTS) of GeH/InSe and GeH/In2Se3 through a first‐principles methodology. In this study, structural and electronic properties of the HTS are examined thoroughly. GeH/InSe and GeH/In2Se3 are determined as n‐type Schottky with a Schottky barrier height (SBH) of 0.40 eV and n‐type ohmic, respectively. GeH/InSe turns out as a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 0.62 eV, while GeH/In2Se3 is seen to be a metal. The results show that changing of the bandgap and SBH in very small values. For GeH/In2Se3 the effects are even less substantial, as the metallic or n‐type nature of the material does not change. The biaxial strain and electric field have more tangible effects on the characteristics of the HTS. A mixture of compressive and tensile strain is seen to have the capability of changing GeH/InSe into a metal and at the same time transform it to an n‐type/p‐type ohmic or p‐type Schottky contact. The results given here can guide future research in the field of HTS and especially GeH‐based devices.
Microglia Gravitate toward Amyloid Plaques Surrounded by Externalized Phosphatidylserine via TREM2
Authors: Park Jong‐Chan , Han Jong Won , Lee Woochan , Kim Jieun , Lee Sang‐Eun , Lee Dongjoon , Choi Hayoung , Han Jihui , Kang You Jung , Diep Yen N. , Cho Hansang , Kang Rian , Yu Won Jong , Lee Jean , Choi Murim , Im Sun‐Wha , Kim Jong‐Il , Mook‐Jung Inhee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroglia play a crucial role in synaptic elimination by engulfing dystrophic neurons via triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). They are also involved in the clearance of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD); nonetheless, the driving force behind TREM2‐mediated phagocytosis of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques remains unknown. Here, using advanced 2D/3D/4D co‐culture systems with loss‐of‐function mutations in TREM2 (a frameshift mutation engineered in exon 2) brain organoids/microglia/assembloids, it is identified that the clearance of Aβ via TREM2 is accelerated by externalized phosphatidylserine (ePtdSer) generated from dystrophic neurons surrounding the Aβ plaques. Moreover, it is investigated whether microglia from both sporadic (CRISPR‐Cas9‐based APOE4 lines) and familial (APPNL‐G‐F/MAPT double knock‐in mice) AD models show reduced levels of TREM2 and lack of phagocytic activity toward ePtdSer‐positive Aβ plaques. Herein new insight is provided into TREM2‐dependent microglial phagocytosis of Aβ plaques in the context of the presence of ePtdSer during AD progression.
Blood Brain Barrier‐Crossing Delivery of Felodipine Nanodrug Ameliorates Anxiety‐Like Behavior and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: He Xiaofei , Peng Yuan , Huang Sicong , Xiao Zecong , Li Ge , Zuo Zejie , Zhang Liying , Shuai Xintao , Zheng Haiqing , Hu Xiquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age‐related neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive decline. Excessive cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) accumulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD since it activates the NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), switches the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) toward proapoptotic signaling and promotes Aβ seeding. Herein, a liposomal nanodrug (felodipine@LND) is developed incorporating a calcium channel antagonist felodipine for Alzheimer's disease treatment through a low‐intensity pulse ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation‐assisted blood brain barrier (BBB)‐crossing drug delivery. The multifunctional felodipine@LND is effectively delivered to diseased brain through applying a LIPUS irradiation to the skull, which resulted in a series of positive effects against AD. Markedly, the nanodrug treatment switched the ER UPR toward antioxidant signaling, prevented the surface translocation of ER calreticulin (CALR) in microglia, and inhibited the NLRP3 activation and Aβ seeding. In addition, it promoted the degradation of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, thereby inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, the anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive impairment of 5xFAD mice with AD is significantly ameliorated, which manifested the potential of LIPUS – assisted BBB‐crossing delivery of felodipine@LND to serve as a paradigm for AD therapy based on the well‐recognized clinically available felodipine.