bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface texture image classification of carbon/phenolic composites in extreme environments using deep learning
Authors: Shang Tong , Yang Jing , Ge Jingran , Ji Sudong , Li Maoyuan , Liang Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe classification of ablation images holds significant practical value in thermal protection structures, as it enables the assessment of heat and corrosion resistance of composites. This paper proposes an image‐based deep learning framework to identify the surface texture of carbon/phenolic composites ablative images. First, ablation experiments and collection of surface texture images of carbon/phenolic composites under different thermal environments were conducted in an electric arc wind tunnel. Then, a deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed for ablative image classification. The pre‐trained network is ultimately employed as the input for transfer learning. The network's feature extraction layer is trained using the ImageNet dataset, while the global average pooling addresses specific classification tasks. The test results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively classifies the relatively small surface texture dataset, enhances the classification performance of ablative surface texture with an accuracy of up to 97.6%, and exhibits robustness and generalization capabilities.Highlights
The paper proposes a new deep learning classification method for ablative images.
A model highly sensitive to small and weak features is built.
Transfer learning and data enhancement techniques are introduced into classification.
UAV survey mapping of illegal deforestation in Madagascar
Authors: Williams Jenny 
Published: August 2024

Societal Impact StatementUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery highlights the extent of illegal deforestation in protected areas for the biodiverse humid forest of central Madagascar. The ultra‐high‐resolution (<10‐cm pixel) images enable the creation of detailed forest 3D base maps and provide the means to quantify forest stand losses. To help communities safeguard their forests, local non‐governmental organisations can use UAV maps in combination with weekly deforestation alerts to facilitate an immediate on‐ground response that significantly restricts illegal activity. Integrating ultra‐high‐resolution UAV mapping and coarse‐resolution freely available satellite imagery should have much wider applications in Madagascar and the humid tropics for community‐based conservation.Summary

This study of the Ambohimahamasina humid forest shows that small UAVs offer a detailed (<10‐cm pixel), rapid and cost‐effective solution to provide maps of detailed deforestation patterns not visible in satellite imagery.
Calculating forest extent and volume are valuable ways to rapidly assess forest losses and prioritise areas for ground patrols. The use of 3‐dimensional measurements for above ground carbon estimates indicate how, in the future, these metrics could be used to calculate carbon payments for conservation programs.
By combining UAV and free satellite imagery, an effective alert system has been developed that supports community initiatives in the protection of their natural forest resources.
The wealth of ultra‐high‐resolution UAV data collected in this study provides insights into forest dynamics, supports local community forest management, and has the potential to measure the value of the forest.
Postnatal chest X‐ray in children with asymptomatic congenital lung malformations
Authors: Dossche Louis W. J. , van den Aardwegh Charlotte S. , Kersten Casper M. , van Rosmalen Joost , Wijnen Rene M. H. , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Schnater J. Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical implications of a postnatal chest X‐ray (CXR) in asymptomatic children with a prenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformation (CLM) are uncertain. We assessed the justification for the postnatal use of CXR in these children.MethodsWe included patients with CLM confirmed through chest computed tomography angiography or histopathological analysis who were asymptomatic at birth, underwent routine postnatal CXR, and participated in our standard of care prospective structured longitudinal follow‐up program. Children with major associated morbidities were excluded. Primary outcomes were the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of CXR findings for symptom development at 4 weeks and 6 months of age. Secondarily, we sought to establish whether CXR findings were associated with undergoing additional diagnostics during the initial observational hospital stay or prolonged postnatal hospital admission.ResultsAmong 121 included patients, CXR showed no abnormalities in 35 (29%), nonspecific abnormalities in 23 (19%), and probable CLM in 63 (52%). The PPV of CXR in relation to symptom development at 4 weeks and 6 months was 0.05 and 0.25, respectively. Corresponding NPVs were 0.96 and 0.91. An association was identified between CXR findings and undergoing further diagnostics during the initial observational hospital stay (p = .047). Additional diagnostic findings did not influence clinical management. CXR findings were not associated with prolonged initial hospital stay (p = .40).ConclusionThe routine practice of postnatal CXR in asymptomatic patients with prenatally diagnosed CLM can be omitted, as CXR findings do not influence subsequent clinical management.
Basophil FceRI expression—A management tool in anti‐IgE treatment of allergic asthma
Authors: Rubak Sune Leisgaard Mørck , Bonne Nadja Lindberg , Hjerrild Britta Eilertsen , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune‐based therapy targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti‐IgE treatment, has emerged as an adjunct treatment for children with severe allergic asthma. After start of anti‐IgE treatment, an effect of the treatment cannot be monitored by Total‐IgE, because current methods measure both bound and free IgE molecules. Basophil activation test may be very useful for monitoring anti‐IgE treatment efficacy. The objective of this paper is to evaluate if basophil activation test is applicable in regulating the anti‐IgE treatment.MethodsA case series of 20 children with IgE‐mediated severe allergic asthma were treated according to guidelines with anti‐IgE (Omalizumab). Blood samples were drawn for total IgE, specific IgE, number of IgE receptors (FcεRI) and basophil sensitivity were measured at baseline before anti‐IgE treatment and 4 months after initiation of anti‐IgE treatment.ResultsA total of 19 out of 20 children had statistically significant and clinically relevant effects of anti‐IgE treatment on symptom score, lung function and medication. All 20 children had a significant reduction in basophil allergen sensitivity and the number of IgE receptors (FcεRI) on blood basophils. Anti‐IgE treatment was found to be well controlled by measuring basophil allergen sensitivity and FceRI density on blood basophils.ConclusionThis cohort study demonstrates a promising method, measuring basophil allergen sensitivity and in particular blood basophil FceRI density, concerning the monitoring of anti‐IgE treatment in different clinical situations. There are no randomized controlled trials evaluating this method in clinical settings.
Rapid modulation of electrostatic sensitivity and explosive performance by X‐ray radiation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li An , Kong Denan , Li Huanjing , Wang Xianshuang , Shan Yuheng , He Yage , Ren Yeping , Zhong Lixiang , Guo Wei , Yang Fanzhi , Zhou Yao , Xia Min , Liu Ruibin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is highly desirable to actively modulate the explosive performance and sensitivity of traditional explosives, such as RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine), and HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine), especially to reduce their explosive power and electrostatic sensitivity. Herein, a new avenue is found to effectively modulate the explosive performance and electrostatic sensitivity by direct irradiation of high‐density X‐ray from synchrotron radiation. RDX as a kind of popular and high‐performance explosive, is chosen to demonstrate the modulated effectiveness. After X‐ray irradiation with different irradiation time, the detonation velocity (DV), detonation pressure (DP), heat of detonation (HoD), and electrostatic sensitivity of RDX are determined. Compared with the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive parameters of original high‐quality RDX, the maximum electrostatic sensitivity value is increased to 1061 mJ after irradiation, which is an enhancement ratio of 39.61 %. The lowest DV is 7.57 km/s (−14.27 %), the lowest DP is 16.23 GPa (−53.20 %), and the lowest HoD is 5.15 kJ/g (−9.65 %). These changes mainly originate from the changes in the structure and crystal structure of RDX molecules after irradiation, as evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanism of RDX modulation by X‐ray is due to denitrification, which always accompanies lots of energy releases, thus impacting the electrostatic sensitivity and explosive power of RDX. Therefore, this study not only provides a new method for reducing electrostatic sensitivity to improve the safety of storage, transportation, and application of RDX, but also holds great potential to reduce explosive performance by non‐contact means.
Improved method for prediction of detonation velocity for C−H−N−O based pure, mixed and aluminized explosives
Authors: Kumar Satveer , Mehta Devinder , Kumar Manish , Kumar Surinder , Kumar Soni Pramod 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn improved method is presented for the prediction of detonation velocity of C−H−NO based pure, mixed, and aluminized explosives. The new empirical relation is based on calculated values of the heat of detonation and the number of moles of gaseous detonation products. A constant of the empirical relation has been found using regression analysis of 74 data points of pure and mixed explosives as well as 22 data points of aluminized explosives. The value of the constant is found to be 1.00 with R2 value of 0.96. Proposed empirical relation has been validated by comparing predicted values of detonation velocities with measured values for TNT, HMX/RDX‐TNT‐Al and HMX‐TNT based explosives. Experimental measurement of detonation velocity has been carried out using pin‐ionization method on cylindrical explosive charges of diameter 50 mm and height 150 mm. The predicted values of detonation velocities are in good agreement with measured values with a root mean square error of 1.28 %. The validation of the new relation has also been carried by comparing calculated values of detonation velocities using present and literature methods with reported experimental values.
Impact of definitive radiotherapy on metabolic response measured with 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT in patients with intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Onal Cem , Guler Ozan C. , Torun Nese , Elmali Aysenur , Sutera Philip , Deek Matthew P. , Reyhan Mehmet , Yavuz Melek , Tran Phuoc T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the early metabolic response of the primary tumor using Gallium‐68 (68Ga)‐labeled‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT), as well as the relationship between PSMA change in the primary tumor and PSA response after definitive radiotherapy (RT), either alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in intermediate risk prostate cancer (IR‐PCa) patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 71 IR‐PCa patients treated with RT alone (36 patients, 50.7%) or RT and ADT (35 patients, 49.3%) were retrospectively analyzed. The difference between pre‐ and Posttreatment primary tumor PSMA expression and serum PSA values measured 4 months after completion of treatment were compared between treatment arms. Correlation between primary tumor metabolic response and serum PSA changes was analyzed.ResultsThe median duration between pre‐ and Posttreatment 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT for the entire patient population was 6.9 months (range, 5.6–8.4 months), and it was similar in both treatment arms. A decrease in primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was seen in 66 patients (93.0%), with a median value of 61.2%, which is significantly lower in patients undergoing RT alone than those undergoing RT and ADT (45.1 ± 30.6% vs. 59.1 ± 24.7%; p = 0.004). The complete metabolic response rate was significantly higher in patients undergoing RT and ADT than those treated with RT alone (40% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). Although moderate and positive correlation between pretreatment SUVmax and oosttreatment SUVmax was observed, there was no significant correlation between SUV change and PSA change. For patients treated with RT and ADT, posttreatment SUVmax was significantly lower and SUV change was significantly higher in patients with PSA nadir than in those without.ConclusionsOur preliminary results show that RT, with or without ADT, significantly reduces primary tumor SUVmax and serum PSA levels. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that early treatment response using 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT is not feasible for those treated with RT alone, and it may only be useful in better distinguishing patients with and without PSA nadir for those who received both RT and ADT.
Calcium leakage involved in nematotoxic effects of the Conidiobolus obscurus CytCo protein on the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Liu Xuemeng , Liu Xiaotian , Chen Shani , Chen Ye , Su Xiu , Zhang Xinqi , Guo Kai , Zhou Xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a severe invasive species, is responsible for causing widespread pine wilt disease. The CytCo protein, a pore‐forming toxin derived from Conidiobolus obscurus, exhibits nematotoxicity towards B. xylophilus.RESULTSOur present study reveals the expression variation of a range of gene products in B. xylophilus that respond to the effects of CytCo using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification proteomics technology. Functional enrichment analysis indicates that many differentially expressed proteins are linked to calcium signaling system, proteasome, energy production and conversion, and the determination of adult lifespan. It suggests that the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, and apoptosis contribute to the CytCo nematotoxicity. Using the calcium ion (Ca2+)‐indicator calcein, we detected changes in Ca2+ levels in B. xylophilus, with a significantly increase in fluorescence in the nematode's intestine and pseudocoelom following CytCo treatments. Meanwhile, the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays showed an enhancement of fluorescence in B. xylophilus cells, with increased CytCo concentrations.CONCLUSIONThe protein toxin CytCo triggers Ca2+ leakage, disrupts Ca2+ balance in B. xylophilus, and induces apoptosis and ROS outburst, thereby intensifying its nematotoxic effects. This finding facilitates our understanding of the modes of action of nematotoxic proteins, and contributes to the development of innovative nematode control strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Next Word: A Framework for Imagining the Benefits and Harms of Generative AI as a Resource for Learning to Write
Authors: Beck Sarah W. , Levine Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Parable of the Sower, Octavia Butler (1993) wrote: “Any Change may bear seeds of benefit. Seek them out. Any Change may bear seeds of harm. Beware” (p. 116). In this paper, we apply this command to a speculative examination of the consequences of text‐based generative AI (GAI) for adolescent writers, framing this examination within a socially situated “Writers‐in‐Community” model of writing (Graham, 2018), which considers writing as both an act of individual cognition and as situated within concentric circles representing nested social, material, and cultural contexts for writing. Through the lens of this model, we discuss representations of language‐related technologies in works by several well‐known authors of 20th‐century speculative fiction and contrast these speculative scenarios with examples from our recent research into student writers' use of ChatGPT and other GAI tools. Finally, we discuss (a) the limitations of these tools as lacking the ability to set goals and use these goals to compose a written work, which is a key component of an effective writing process and (b) what would be required to supporting students to write agentively in collaboration with these tools, despite these limitations. This discussion focuses on three principles: (1) centering human writers in collaborations with GAI; (2) setting writer goals to address historical, political, institutional, and social influences; and (3) critical agency in literacy with GAI.
Is urban innovation capacity shaping new models of economic development? Evidence from the circular economy
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Chu Zhongzhu , Zhao Yuhao , Li Yiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCircular economy (CE) theory emphasizes that following the reduction, reuse, and recycling (3R) principles can promote the practice of the CE; at the same time, innovative technologies support the feasibility of these principles. However, in academia, it remains unknown whether innovative technologies can be used to effectively implement CE theory. This study estimates the CE performance of 280 cities in China using the super‐efficiency SBM–data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and analyzes the relationship between urban innovation capability (UIC) and the CE using a two‐way fixed‐effects model. The research findings are as follows: First, UIC enhances the CE performance. Second, unlike in green finance, when inclusive finance reaches a certain threshold, the promoting effect of UIC becomes stronger. Third, UIC has both a positive direct effect (local cities) and an indirect effect (neighboring cities). Mechanism tests on improving people's livelihoods, strengthening clean energy development, optimizing industrial structure, and improving agricultural productivity can explain these two effects. Finally, compared with general innovation, the impact of green innovation capability is greater, especially when it comes to green invention innovation. In addition, an innovation‐driven CE shows significant results in terms of carbon reduction and household income. This study theoretically and empirically confirms the driving force of innovation in the CE, providing favorable policy suggestions for countries facing economic transformation, such as China.
Expanding Subcutaneous Mass on the Scalp of an Immunocompromised Woman
Authors: Rodriguez Ivan , Lam Karen , Montgomery Simone , McKenzie Shanice , Worswick Scott 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Acute cutaneous presentations in immunocompromised patients demand careful and thorough evaluation. Here, we present the case of a 26-year-old female with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing salvage chemotherapy, who developed an acutely expanding subcutaneous mass starting on the frontotemporal scalp to the angle of the jaw. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with sclerosing fat necrosis with overlying psoriasiform spongiotic dermatitis. Tissue cultures revealed multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Given these findings, the patient was diagnosed with infectious panniculitis. This case underscores the necessity of comprehensive diagnostic approaches and multidisciplinary collaboration in managing unusual cutaneous presentations in immunocompromised individuals.
The Core‐Shell Microneedle with Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles for Infected Wound Healing and Microbial Homeostasis Restoration
Authors: Qi Fangfang , Xu Yujie , Zheng Bowen , Li Yue , Zhang Jiarui , Liu Zhen , Wang Xusheng , Zhou Zhiyang , Zeng Dongqiang , Lu Feng , Zhang Chunhua , Gan Yuyang , Hu Zhiqi , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWound healing is a dynamic process involving the timely transition of organized phases. However, infected wounds often experience prolonged inflammation due to microbial overload. Thus, addressing the viable treatment needs across different healing stages is a critical challenge in wound management. Herein, a novel core‐shell microneedle (CSMN) patch is designed for the sequential delivery of tannic acid‐magnesium (TA‐Mg) complexes and extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus druckerii (LDEVs). Upon application to infected sites, CSMN@TA‐Mg/LDEV releases TA‐Mg first to counteract pathogenic overload and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), aiding the transition to proliferative phase. Subsequently, the sustained release of LDEVs enhances the activities of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, promotes vascularization, and modulates the collagen deposition. Notably, dynamic track of microbial composition demonstrates that CSMN@TA‐Mg/LDEV can both inhibit the aggressive pathogen and increase the microbial diversity at wound sites. Functional analysis further highlights the potential of CSMN@TA‐Mg/LDEV in facilitating wound healing and skin barrier restoration. Moreover, it is confirmed that CSMN@TA‐Mg/LDEV can accelerate wound closure and improve post‐recovery skin quality in the murine infected wound. Conclusively, this innovative CSMN patch offers a rapid and high‐quality alternative treatment for infected wounds and emphasizes the significance of microbial homeostasis.
Ni3C/Ni3S2 Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for Efficient Methanol Oxidation via Dual Anion Co‐modulation Strategy
Authors: Tao Jin‐Gang‐Lu , Chen Jiaxu , Zhao Bin , Feng Renfei , Shakouri Mohsen , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnhancing active states on the catalyst surface by modulating the adsorption–desorption properties of reactant species is crucial to optimizing the electrocatalytic activity of transition metal‐based nanostructured materials. In this work, an efficient optimization strategy is proposed by co‐modulating the dual anions (C and S) in Ni3C/Ni3S2, the heterostructured electrocatalyst, which is prepared via a simple hot‐injection method. The presence of Ni3C/Ni3S2 heterojunctions accelerates the charge carrier transfer and promotes the generation of active sites, enabling the heterostructured electrocatalyst to achieve current densities of 10/100 mA cm−2 at 1.37 V/1.53 V. The Faradaic efficiencies for formate production coupled with hydrogen evolution approach 100%, accompanied with a stability record of 350 h. Additionally, operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate that the creation of Ni3C/Ni3S2 heterointerfaces originating from dual anions’ (C and S) differentiation is effective in adjusting the d‐band center of active Ni atoms, promoting the generation of active sites, as well as optimizing the adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates. This dual anions co‐modulation strategy to stable heterostructure provides a general route for constructing high‐performance transition metal‐based electrocatalysts.