bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peacemaking circles
Authors: Dhondt Davy , Aertsen Ivo 
Published: December 2014

Peacemaking circles: research into possible implementation in Europe
In this short paper, a summarising report is presented on a two years action-research project (2011-2013) co-funded by the European Union on how to conceive and implement peacemaking circles in a European legal and cultural environment. In a first part of the paper, the background and reasons for implementing peacemaking circles are explained, and attention is given to their added value as compared to the models of victim-offender mediation and conferencing. After a short presentation of the action-research set-up in three countries (Belgium, Germany and Hungary), a selective list of critical issues is discussed as they have been experienced during the project: the selection of files and the preparatory phase of a peacemaking circle, the running of the circle meeting and the meaning of some of its operational principles (the role of the circle keeper, the function of rituals, the talking piece, the decision making process, …). Also the involvement of the community at its different levels - from the community of care to the macro-community - is discussed, as well as how the direct conflict parties experience the presence of these communities. A general conclusion is that a model of peacemaking circles can be implemented in a European context effectively, but developing a methodology on how to involve members of the wider community remains a challenge.
À la charnière de l’image et du langage
Authors: Calin Rodolphe 
Published: December 2014

Comment rendre compte de l’articulation entre l’image et le langage, plus précisément, de la double dimension, langagière et figurative, que présente le langage dans les figures de rhétorique ? L’article essaie de montrer que, pour répondre à cette question, Ricoeur n’aura pas seulement eu besoin, dans la sixième étude de La métaphore vive, de développer une sémantique de l’image consistant à penser l’image comme une dimension du procès de la prédication métaphorique, mais également, comme en témoigne son article « Image et langage dans la psychanalyse », une sémiotique de l’image, une sémiotique non linguistique permettant de faire droit à la dimension « pictoriale » qu’acquiert le langage en devenant figuré. Et dans la mesure où la sémantique et la sémiotique de l’image mettent en jeu deux modèles distincts, l’un prédicatif, l’autre substitutif, qui tour à tour permettent de décrire le schématisme de l’imagination, ce sont ici deux approches de l’imagination créatrice qui sont requises pour rendre compte du langage figuré.
Aftermath of Typhoon Frank: Perceiving Environmental Causes and Effects towards Environmental Leadership
Authors: Alimen Rolando A. 
Published: December 2014

The study aims to perceive the environmental effects and causes of typhoon Frank leading to environmental leadership in Iloilo City shared by the seafarers and instructors of the maritime university specifically, John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo (JBLFMU-Molo). It further elucidated the role of maritime instructors and determined the extent of the disaster preparedness of the Iloilo City government with regards to natural calamities like typhoons. This study employed quantitative-qualitative method of collecting data. The residents of Iloilo Province who were slightly or badly hit by the Typhoon Frank were also utilized to generate data on the aftermath of the typhoon. Government officials and other disaster involved personnel were also utilized as respondents who were interviewed in terms of disaster preparedness of the City. The data of this study were gathered through the use of descriptive-quantitative and open-ended questionnaire. The quantitative data were supported by qualitative answers of the key persons to enlighten the individuals concerned regarding causes and effects of Typhoon Frank. Results revealed the views of the seafarers regarding climate change particularly on the aftermath of Typhoon Frank. Keywords - climatology, typhoon, quantitative-qualitative method, environmental effects, Iloilo City, Philippines
Food Sufficiency in the Terraces: The Case of Globally-Important Agricultural Heritage Systems In Ifugao, Central Cordillera, Philippines
Authors: GOMEZ, JR. ROMEO A. 
Published: December 2014

The rice terrace clusters in Nagacadan, Kiangan and those in Bocos, Banaue,Ifugao aside from recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites are nowregarded as relevant landscapes belonging to the so-called Globally-ImportantAgricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). These landscapes are characterizedby being sustainable showcase of one of humanity’s greatest human-natureinterrelationships, whose ecological flows have maintained these highlandagroecosystems for over two millennia and continuing to do so. Althoughdiffering in soil quality characteristics as a result of gradual introductions ofinorganic inputs into the production system, this rice terraced ecosystem remainspredominantly organic in terms of production. The focal dimension assessed in this paper is the food supply contributions of commonly cultivated native rice varieties to food sufficiency at the community level as well as the basic Ifugaohousehold level. These native rice varieties are, of course, raised in a primarilyorganic farming setting. It is revealed, however, that the average household inthese two study sites has their native rice supply lasting for about six months orless, both at 2001 and 2008 levels.Keywords: Ecology and environmental science, globally-important agricultural heritagesystems (GIAHS), food sufficiency, organic agriculture, descriptive survey,Philippines
Standardized Isolation and Culture of Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cheluvappa Rajkumar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIsolation of murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is an exacting and finicky procedure. After exhaustive standardization, we were able to devise an easily reproducible protocol which produced consistent results. Moreover, we scripted a protocol which clarifies even the smallest of steps, following which isolation of LSECs is made significantly easier. Using the standardized LSEC isolation protocol herein, we demonstrated that the bacterial toxin pyocyanin (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) induced a significant dose‐dependent reduction in LSEC porosity, this being preventable by the enzyme catalase, but not by the enzyme superoxide dismutase. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structural variation in soft segment of waterborne polyurethane acrylate nanoemulsions
Authors: Sultan Misbah , Islam Atif , Gull Nafisa , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Safa Yusra 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTHigh solid content waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA) nanoemulsions are prepared as textile finishes. Two structurally different soft segments, that is, polyether and polyester are used with isophorone diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and butyl acrylate. Structural variations are investigated in features of nanoemulsions and their coatings. Physical properties of nanoemulsions, such as average particle size, stability, solid content, and viscosity, are investigated. Nanoemulsions with high solid content, that is, 40–47% are produced without any internal emulsifier. Average nanoparticle size, that is, <100 nm is confirmed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved synthesis of proposed WPUA products. Synergistic effect of polyurethane and acrylate is observed in chemical and water resistance of WPUA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis indicate stable uniformly cross‐linked network of WPUA. Application of nanoemulsions on 100% cotton fabric shows a significant improvement in tear strength, which is more pronounced for polyester‐based WPUA. Scanning electron microscope images of treated fabric samples show good adhesion of nanoemulsions on cotton surface. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41706.
A New Model for Coastal Resource Productivity and Sea‐Level Change: The Role of Physical Sedimentary Processes in Assessing the Archaeological Potential of Submerged Landscapes from the Northwest Australian Continental Shelf
Authors: Ward Ingrid , Larcombe Piers , Veth Peter 
Published: December 2014

Existing models of coastal occupation, in one form or another, embrace the assumption that changes in mean sea level were the prime driver for shifts in coastal resource productivity of consequence to coastal foragers. Focusing on the North West Shelf of Australia, this paper considers the role of physical sedimentary processes in understanding both past coastal resource productivity and the archaeology of drowned coastal landscapes. From a review of up‐to‐date literature on sea‐level related coastal formation process related to the North West Shelf, we describe the complex interplay of sea‐level change and sedimentary processes in determining (i) coastal resource availability, and (ii) archaeological site preservation potential through time. We argue that human behavioral models that have been linked solely to changes in sea level change from ca. 45 ka onward along the Australia continental shelf have inadequately accounted for local sedimentary regimes. It is not past sea‐level per se, which is of relevance to coastal productivity and human behavioral ecology models but changes in tidal regimes, coastal configurations and sedimentation. We conclude that our understanding of maritime adaptations for Sahul (Greater Australia) remain incomplete without investigating former coastlines and archaeological information that now lies submerged offshore.
Pharmacokinetics of the dual melatonin receptor agonist tasimelteon in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment
Authors: Torres Rosarelis , Kramer William G. , Baroldi Paolo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTasimelteon is a circadian regulator that resets the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus by binding to both melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors making it a dual melatonin receptor agonist. Tasimelteon has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Non‐24‐Hour Sleep‐Wake Disorder (Non‐24). Two prospective, single‐center, open‐label studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics of tasimelteon and its main metabolites after a single 20 mg dose administered to subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment, including subjects on dialysis compared to healthy controls. In subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, exposure to tasimelteon after a single 20 mg dose, as measured by area under the plasma concentration‐time curve to infinity, was increased by approximately 2‐fold. There was no apparent relationship between tasimelteon clearance and renal function. No safety concerns were apparent in either study. Based on these results, the changes in the pharmacokinetics of tasimelteon due to mild or moderate hepatic or severe renal impairment are not considered clinically relevant, and no dose adjustment is necessary in these patients.
Ten Years and Counting: Moving Leucine‐Rich RepeatKinase 2 Inhibitors to the Clinic
Authors: West Andrew B. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe burden that Parkinson's disease (PD) exacts on the population continues to increase year after year. Though refinement of symptomatic treatments continues at a reasonable pace, no accepted therapies are available to slow or prevent disease progression. The leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified in PD genetic studies and offers new hope for novel therapeutic approaches. The evidence linking LRRK2 kinase activity to PD susceptibility is presented, as well as seminal discoveries relevant to the prosecution of LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Finally, suggestions are made for predictive preclinical modeling and successful first‐in‐human trials. © 2014 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Regulating the Coordination State of a Heme Protein by a Designed Distal Hydrogen‐Bonding Network
Authors: Du Jun-Fang , Li Wei , Li Lianzhi , Wen Ge-Bo , Lin Ying-Wu , Tan Xiangshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHeme coordination state determines the functional diversity of heme proteins. Using myoglobin as a model protein, we designed a distal hydrogen‐bonding network by introducing both distal glutamic acid (Glu29) and histidine (His43) residues and regulated the heme into a bis‐His coordination state with native ligands His64 and His93. This resembles the heme site in natural bis‐His coordinated heme proteins such as cytoglobin and neuroglobin. A single mutation of L29E or F43H was found to form a distinct hydrogen‐bonding network involving distal water molecules, instead of the bis‐His heme coordination, which highlights the importance of the combination of multiple hydrogen‐bonding interactions to regulate the heme coordination state. Kinetic studies further revealed that direct coordination of distal His64 to the heme iron negatively regulates fluoride binding and hydrogen peroxide activation by competing with the exogenous ligands. The new approach developed in this study can be generally applicable for fine‐tuning the structure and function of heme proteins.
Effects of environmental factors on the density of three species of peracarid crustaceans in micro‐tidal sandy shores in Japan
Authors: Takada Yoshitake , Kajihara Naoto , Mochizuki Shota , Murakami Takuhiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe swash zone of sandy shores is a transitional habitat between the sea and land where the physical environment is the primary factor influencing the distribution of shore macrofauna. We constructed cumulative logit models using Bayesian inference to predict the ranked abundance of three species of peracarid crustaceans (Haustorioides japonicus, Excirolana chiltoni, and Archaeomysis kokuboi) that dominate the sandy shores of the Niigata coastline, Sea of Japan. Additionally, we estimated the importance of 14 environmental factors at explaining the variation in abundance. The environmental factors were grouped into three categories: swash zone, landward, and offshore. Optimum models were selected among the null model, the basic model (swash zone factors only), and additional models with landward and/or offshore factors. The optimal model for each of the three species was obtained when landward and/or offshore factors were added to the basic model, suggesting the importance of these regional factors. Combinations of significant factors differed between the three peracarid species. Some differences can be explained by accounting for life history characteristics. The slope of the offshore seafloor was the only common significant factor for the three species. Therefore, a decrease in the size of the shallow area off the sandy shore was associated with a decrease in the density of the three species. Because the peracarid crustaceans play an important role in trophic links in sandy shore ecosystems, our study results predict that an increase of coastal erosion leading to change of near‐shore bathymetry will reduce the ecological function of the swash zone.
Relationships among plant genetics, phytochemistry and herbivory patterns in Quercus castanea across a fragmented landscape
Authors: Maldonado‐López Yurixhi , Cuevas‐Reyes Pablo , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Pérez‐López Griselda , Acosta‐Gómez Carlos , Oyama Ken 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHerbivorous insects respond to the chemical variation of their host plants which, in turn, usually has a genetic component. Therefore, it is expected that individual host plants with similar genotypes will have similar secondary chemistries and herbivore communities. However, natural or anthropogenic environmental variation can also influence secondary chemistry and herbivore abundance and composition. Here, we determined the relationships among plant genetics, phytochemistry, and herbivory levels by leaf chewers and miners in the red oak Quercus castanea, across a fragmented landscape. Ten oak individuals were sampled at each of four sites in the Cuitzeo basin, central Mexico. Two sites were small and fragmented forest patches and two were large and continuous patches. Individuals were genotyped with six nuclear microsatellites, and analyzed chemically to determine foliar concentrations of water, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and secondary compounds. Damage by leaf chewers was higher in the small fragments than in the large fragments. Mantel tests indicated significant correlations of the genetic distance among individuals with their chemical similitude, and also of chemical similitude with damage levels by leaf miners, but not with damage by folivores. There was no direct relationship between genetic distance and herbivory levels by any of the two insect guilds. Our results suggest that variation in concentration of secondary metabolites in Q. castanea has a genetic component and that plant chemistry acts as an intermediate link between plant genes and the community of associated herbivores. However, this effect was only apparent for herbivory by leaf miners, probably because these insects interact more intimately with the host, while free‐living leaf chewers may be more responsive to environmental variation.
Medically Managed Gout Precipitating Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Carr Logan , Brooke Sebastian , Ingraham John 
Published: December 2014

Background The most common compressive neuropathy affects the median nerve in the carpal tunnel; it is typically chronic and progressive. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS), on the other hand, is a less frequently encountered surgical emergency that usually occurs in the setting of trauma, such as a displaced fracture of the distal radius or carpal dislocation. To our knowledge, there are only two cases of acute carpal tunnel secondary to gout reported in the literature, with both being outside of the USA and the last case being over 20 years ago. We reviewed the literature describing acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS) caused by gout and present a recent case of atraumatic ACTS caused, in part, by a tophaceous gouty mass. Methods Review of the literature consisted of a PubMed search of all articles in the English language using the following keywords: “Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome” and “Tophaceous Gout” and “Gout.” Results We present the youngest reported case of atraumatic ACTS caused by tophaceous gout and the only reported case with a documented history of gout being actively medically managed with a uric acid lowering agent. This was successfully treated with an emergent extended carpal tunnel release, a complete flexor synovectomy, and excision of a gouty mass adhered to the carpal tunnel floor. Conclusions Atraumatic ACTS secondary to gout is rare and has never been reported in a patient already being managed with uric acid lowering agents. Such a presentation requires rapid surgical exploration with release of the carpal tunnel, debridement of all gouty tissue, and increasingly aggressive adjuvant medical therapy.
Delayed Manipulation after Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection for Dupuytren Contracture
Authors: Kaplan F. Thomas D. , Badalamente Marie A. , Hurst Lawrence C. , Merrell Gregory A. , Pahk Raymond 
Published: December 2014

Background Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injection for Dupuytren contracture was approved in the USA in 2010. Current FDA guidelines stipulate that finger manipulation occurs the day following injection. To investigate the safety and efficacy of delaying manipulation to 2 or 4 days following CCH injection, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial at two sites. Methods Patients with Dupuytren contracture involving the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ≥20° caused by a palpable cord participated. All patients received one dose of CCH (0.58 mg/0.25 ml) and were followed for 90 days. The primary end point was the percent of patients maintaining clinical success (reduction of contracture to 0°–5°) at 90 days post-injection. Adverse events and change in Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) score were recorded as secondary end points. Results Thirty-seven patients enrolled; 13 were manipulated on day 1, 11 on day 2, and 13 on day 4. At 30 days after injection, the percentage of patients obtaining reduction of contracture to <0°–5° extension was 92, 82, and 85 % in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with no significant difference. At 90 days follow-up, the percentage of patients maintaining 0°–5° extension was 91, 82, and 83 % in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with no significant difference. Adverse events were comparable to rates in prior studies. There were no serious adverse events. There was no statistical difference in MHQ scores between groups at any time point. Conclusions Delaying manipulation to day 2 or 4 following CCH injection for MCP joint contractures does not increase adverse events or result in loss of efficacy. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II.
The individual and congruence effects of core self-evaluation on supervisor–subordinate guanxi and job satisfaction
Authors: Chang Man-Ling 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGuanxi refers to the quality of social interaction outside of work, developing through social activities. This article explores the antecedent (core self-evaluation, CSE) and consequence (job satisfaction) of the supervisor–subordinate guanxi for identifying the beneficial effect of guanxi. I also consider the effects of (dis)similarity of CSE which refers to individuals’ appraisals of their own worthiness, effectiveness, and capability. The data include 89 supervisors and their corresponding 437 subordinates from financial banks in Taiwan. The results indicate that CSE of the supervisor and subordinate positively relates to their own perceptions of guanxi and job satisfaction. Guanxi acts mediation between CSE and job satisfaction for supervisors and subordinates. The similarity effect of CSE is mostly prevalent for guanxi and job satisfaction. The findings offer implications for selecting an appropriate employee who are comparatively fit with management.
Decreased delta sleep ratio and elevated alpha power predict vulnerability to depression during interferon-alpha treatment
Authors: Lotrich Francis E. , Germain Anne 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveAlthough poor sleep accompanies depression, it is unknown which specific sleep abnormalities precede depression. This is similarly the case for depression developing during interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy. Because vulnerability becomes evident in those who slept poorly before IFN-α, we prospectively determined which specific aspect of sleep could predict subsequent depression.MethodsTwo nights of polysomnography with quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) were obtained in 24 adult, euthymic subjects – all subsequently treated with IFN-α for hepatitis C. Every 2 weeks, a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score was obtained, and the maximal increase in BDI-II from pre-treatment baseline – excluding the sleep question – was determined.ResultsThe delta sleep ratio (DSR; an index of early-night restorative delta power) was inversely associated with BDI-II increases (p<0.01), as was elevated alpha power (8–12 Hz; p<0.001). Both delta (0.5–4 Hz) and alpha power exhibited high between-night correlations (r=0.83 and 0.92, respectively). In mixed-effect repeated-measure analyses, there was an interaction between alpha power and DSR (p<0.001) – subjects with low alpha power and elevated DSR were resilient to developing depression. Most other sleep parameters – including total sleep time and percentage of time in slow wave sleep – were not associated with subsequent changes in depression.ConclusionsBoth high DSR and low alpha power may be specific indices of resilience. As most other aspects of sleep were not associated with resilience or vulnerability, sleep interventions to prevent depression may need to specifically target these specific sleep parameters.