bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple three‐dimensional distinct element modeling of the mechanical behavior of bonded sands
Authors: Jiang Mingjing , Zhang Fuguang , Thornton Colin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a simple three‐dimensional (3D) Distinct Element Method (DEM) for numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of bonded sands. First, a series of micro‐mechanical tests on a pair of aluminum rods glued together by cement with different bond sizes were performed to obtain the contact mechanical responses of ideally bonded granular material. Second, a 3D bond contact model, which takes into account the influences of bond sizes, was established by extending the obtained 2D experimental results to 3D case. Then, a DEM incorporating the new contact model was employed to perform a set of drained triaxial compression tests on the DEM bonded specimens with different cement contents under different confining pressures. Finally, the mechanical behavior of the bonded specimens was compared with the available experimental results. The results show that the DEM incorporating the simple 3D bond contact model is able to capture the main mechanical behavior of bonded sands. The bonded specimen with higher cement content under lower confining pressure exhibits more pronounced strain softening and shear dilatancy. The peak and residual strengths, the apparent cohesion and peak/residual friction angles, and the position and slope of the critical state line increase with increase in cement content. Microscopically, bond breakage starts when the system starts to dilate and the maximum rate of bond breakage coincides with the maximum rate of dilation. Bond breakage is primarily due to tension‐shear failure and the percentage of such failures is independent of both confining pressure and cement content. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bodily Pain Intensity in Nursing Home Residents With Pressure Ulcers: Analysis of National Minimum Data Set 3.0
Authors: Ahn Hyochol , Stechmiller Joyce , Fillingim Roger , Lyon Debra , Garvan Cynthia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinical reports suggest that superficial pressure ulcers produce pain, but that pain decreases as the wound advances in stage. This study of the relationship between pressure ulcer stage and bodily pain intensity in nursing home residents was a secondary analysis of the national Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessment data in long‐term care facilities, collected from nursing home residents at least 65 years of age. Data were examined from residents with pressure ulcers who completed a bodily pain intensity interview between January and March 2012 (N = 41,680) as part of the MDS comprehensive assessment. After adjusting for other variables (e.g., cognition, functional impairment, presence of comorbidities, use of scheduled pain medication, and sociodemographic variables), bodily pain intensity for those with more severe pressure ulcers in comparison to those with Stage I ulcers was higher by 11% (Stage II), 14% (Stage III), 24% (Stage IV), and 22% (suspected deep tissue injury). Because multivariate analysis showed that greater bodily pain intensity was associated with an advanced stage of pressure ulcer, health care providers should assess bodily pain intensity and order appropriate pain management for nursing home residents with pressure ulcers, particularly for those with advanced pressure ulcers who are vulnerable to greater bodily pain intensity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhythmic Island: Latvian Migrants in Guernsey and their Enfolded Patterns of Space‐Time Mobility
Authors: King Russell , Lulle Aija 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRather than a marginal activity, visiting friends and relatives (VFR) is a fundamental part of the migrant experience. We illustrate this assertion by an in‐depth study of Latvian labour migration to Guernsey. Since the 1990s, low incomes and high unemployment in post‐Soviet Latvia combine with niche‐specific labour demands in Guernsey to create migratory flows of mainly female workers. The small‐scale nature of this circular migration system allows a deeper theorisation of the many linkages between migration and VFR. In particular we deploy time‐geography and rhythmanalysis to explore the various ways that migration and VFR are enfolded within each other, within the life‐courses of the protagonists, and within the capitalist rhythms of temporary labour migration. Empirical evidence comes from interviews with 90 Latvian migrants in Guernsey and with 16 employers. VFR mobilities are space‐time events of co‐presence which can take place either in Latvia or in Guernsey. Both directions of visits can involve touristic functions, and VFR to Guernsey can also carry the potential to stimulate further migration. Further research could pay more attention to gender aspects and to prospects for permanent return migration to Latvia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPR and SPM studies of Zn‐Ni ferrites
Authors: Aliyeva Sh. N. , Aliyeva Y. N. , Nadjafov A. I. , Hasanov I. S. , Huseynov E. K. , Mehdiyev T. R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance studies have been carried out over 3.7‐300 K on micropowders of Ni1‐xZnxFe2O4 ferrites, obtained by high temperature synthesis and preliminary characterized by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry in a wide range of tempera‐tures. Complimentary, scanning probe microscopy, compris‐ing atomic and magnetic force microscopies has been applied to polycrystalline Ni1‐xZnxFe2O4thin films. The correlation between X‐ray and differential scanning calorimetry data has been observed. Deconvolution of the obtained paramagnetic resonance spectra into Gaussian components and their further analysis have allowed retrival of the compensation points of the magnetc momenta of the sublattices of Ni1‐xZnxFe2O4, as well as of superparamagnetism effect and g‐factors dispersion verified by studies on polycrystalline thin films. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of dextrin addition during Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film preparation by photochemical deposition
Authors: Moriya Katsuhiko , Shimotsuma Hikaru , Tanaka Kunihiko , Uchiki Hisao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were prepared by annealing films of Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS2 precursors deposited on a soda‐lime glass substrate by photochemical deposition (PCD) from an aqueous solution containing CuSO4, ZnSO4, SnSO4, and Na2S2O3. This paper discusses the effect of adding dextrin as a titrant during the PCD preparation of CZTS thin films. We investigated the effects of dextrin addition on the surface morphology of the resulting films. The surfaces of films prepared with added dextrin were composed of uniformly sized grains. The results also demonstrate that the surface morphology of photochemically deposited CZTS films can be smooth if the proper additives are employed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deep absorption band in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films and solar cells observed by transparent piezoelectric photothermal spectroscopy
Authors: Shirakata Sho , Atarashi Akiko , Yagi Masakazu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe photo‐acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) using a transparent piezoelectric photo‐thermal (Tr‐PPT) method was carried out on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films (both CIGS/Mo/SLG and CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG) and solar cells (ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG). Using the Tr‐PPT method, the high background absorption in the below gap region observed in both a microphone and a conventional transducer PAS spectra was strongly reduced. This high background absorption came from the CIGS/Mo interface. This result proves that the Tr‐PPT PAS is the surface sensitive method. In the below‐band region, a bell‐shape deep absorption band has been observed at 0.76 eV, in which a full‐width at the half‐maximum value was 70‐120 meV. This deep absorption band was observed for both CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG and ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG structures. The peak energy of the absorption band was independent of the alloy composition for 0.25≤Ga/III≤0.58. Intensity of the PA signal was negatively correlated to the Na concentration at the CIGS film surface. The origin of the 0.76 eV peak is discussed with relation to native defects such as a Cu‐vacancy‐related defect (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ex Vivo Induced Regulatory Human/Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Immune Modulators
Authors: Hinden Liad , Shainer Reut , Almogi-Hazan Osnat , Or Reuven 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a growing interest in using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an immune-regulatory agent for prevention and treatment of various immune disorders including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplanted organ rejection, and autoimmune diseases. However, the high diversity in the results from clinical trials using MSCs for such disorders emphasizes the need for MSCs to be “professionalized” ex vivo to a more defined regulatory phenotype before administering to patients. To this aim, we have established an ex vivo immunomodulatory triple combination treatment (TCT) for MSCs, using IFNγ, TGFβ, and kynurenine. We show that pretreated MSCs acquire an immunomodulatory phenotype, have improved regulatory functions, and upregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), heme oxygenase 1, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and programmed death ligand 1. We define the pathway of kynurenine induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in MSCs and how it contributes to the upregulation of COX2 expression and IL-6 downregulation. The combination of reduced IL-6 secretion with enhanced LIF expression leads to the inhibition of Th17 differentiation in coculture of TCT MSCs and lymphocytes. To test the immunomodulatory function of TCT MSCs in vivo, we used the cells as GVHD prophylaxis in a GVHD mouse model. TCT MSCs administration significantly decreased GVHD score and improved mouse survival. Importantly, single administration could attenuate disease symptoms for more than 3 weeks. Based on these results, we suggest considering TCT MSCs as an improved cell therapy for systemic diseases with an underlying inflammatory and immunologic etiology. Stem Cells 2015;33:2256–2267
Notch Receptor-Ligand Engagement Maintains Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Retention
Authors: Wang Weihuan , Yu Shuiliang , Zimmerman Grant , Wang Yiwei , Myers Jay , Yu Vionnie W. C. , Huang Dan , Huang Xiaoran , Shim Jeongsup , Huang Yuanshuai , Xin William , Qiao Peter , Yan Minhong , Xin Wei , Scadden David T. , Stanley Pamela , Lowe John B. , Huang Alex Y. , Siebel Christian W. , Zhou Lan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Notch is long recognized as a signaling molecule important for stem cell self-renewal and fate determination. Here, we reveal a novel adhesive role of Notch-ligand engagement in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using mice with conditional loss of O-fucosylglycans on Notch EGF-like repeats important for the binding of Notch ligands, we report that HSPCs with faulty ligand binding ability display enhanced cycling accompanied by increased egress from the marrow, a phenotype mainly attributed to their reduced adhesion to Notch ligand-expressing stromal cells and osteoblastic cells and their altered occupation in osteoblastic niches. Adhesion to Notch ligand-bearing osteoblastic or stromal cells inhibits wild type but not O-fucosylglycan-deficient HSPC cycling, independent of RBP-JK-mediated canonical Notch signaling. Furthermore, Notch-ligand neutralizing antibodies induce RBP-JK-independent HSPC egress and enhanced HSPC mobilization. We, therefore, conclude that Notch receptor–ligand engagement controls HSPC quiescence and retention in the marrow niche that is dependent on O-fucosylglycans on Notch. Stem Cells 2015;33:2280–2293
Second Language Listening Instruction: Comparing a Strategies‐Based Approach With an Interactive, Strategies/Bottom‐Up Skills Approach
Authors: Yeldham Michael 
Published: April 2015

This quasi‐experimental study compared a strategies approach to second language listening instruction with an interactive approach, one combining a roughly equal balance of strategies and bottom‐up skills. The participants were lower‐intermediate‐level Taiwanese university EFL learners, who were taught for 22 hours over one and a half semesters. Their progress through the respective courses was charted via multiple instruments designed to assess growth in their listening proficiency, strategy use, bottom‐up skills, and affect‐related learner characteristics. Pretest and posttest one‐way ANOVAs showed no significant differences between the two groups on any of the dimensions tested. However, a repeated‐measures ANOVA showed significant gains by the strategies group in listening comprehension, but not by the interactive group. On this longitudinal within‐group comparison, the strategies group also demonstrated larger effect sizes than the interactive group for listening instruction, one measure of strategies growth, and the learner characteristics of confidence and motivation, whereas the interactive group showed larger effect sizes than the strategies group for all measures of bottom‐up skills involved. The outcome between the groups in terms of listening proficiency suggests that for lower‐intermediate‐level listeners, it is better to focus more on developing their listening strategies than to provide them with a balanced interactive approach.
Chronic toxicological effects of β‐diketone antibiotics on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using transcriptome profiling of deep sequencing
Authors: Wang Huili , Yin Xiaohan , Li Fanghui , Dahlgren Randy A. , Zhang Yuna , Zhang Hongqin , Wang Xuedong 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTranscriptome analysis is important for interpreting the functional elements of the genome and revealing the molecular constituents of cells and tissues. Herein, differentially transcribed genes were identified by deep sequencing after zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to β‐diketone antibiotics (DKAs); 23,129 and 23,550 mapped genes were detected in control and treatment groups, a total of 3238 genes were differentially expressed between control and treatment groups. Of these genes, 328 genes (213 up‐ and 115 down‐regulation) had significant differential expression (p < 0.05) and an expression ratio (control/treatment) of >2 or <0.5. Additionally, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) category and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and found 266 genes in the treatment group with annotation terms linked to the GO category. A total of 77 differentially expressed transcriptional genes were associated with 132 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways. Serious liver tissue damage was reflected and consistent with the differences in genetic classification and function from the transcriptome analysis. These results enhance our understanding of zebrafish developmental processes under exposure to DKA stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1357–1371, 2016.
Etiology and pathogenesis of the cohesinopathies
Authors: Zakari Musinu , Yuen Kobe , Gerton Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2015

Cohesin is a chromosome‐associated protein complex that plays many important roles in chromosome function. Genetic screens in yeast originally identified cohesin as a key regulator of chromosome segregation. Subsequently, work by various groups has identified cohesin as critical for additional processes such as DNA damage repair, insulator function, gene regulation, and chromosome condensation. Mutations in the genes encoding cohesin and its accessory factors result in a group of developmental and intellectual impairment diseases termed ‘cohesinopathies.’ How mutations in cohesin genes cause disease is not well understood as precocious chromosome segregation is not a common feature in cells derived from patients with these syndromes. In this review, the latest findings concerning cohesin's function in the organization of chromosome structure and gene regulation are discussed. We propose that the cohesinopathies are caused by changes in gene expression that can negatively impact translation. The similarities and differences between cohesinopathies and ribosomopathies, diseases caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis, are discussed. The contribution of cohesin and its accessory proteins to gene expression programs that support translation suggests that cohesin provides a means of coupling chromosome structure with the translational output of cells. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:489–504. doi: 10.1002/wdev.190This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Met‐ocean conditions influence on floating offshore wind farms power production
Authors: Martini Michele , Guanche Raúl , Armesto José A. , Losada Iñigo J. , Vidal César 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMet‐ocean conditions may affect the performance of a floating wind turbine, since a harsh climate could lead the system to exceed its operating thresholds and thus to force the machine shutdown.In this paper, it is a proposed methodology to evaluate the effect of met‐ocean conditions on the long‐term dynamic behaviour, and energy production, of a floating wind farm. For a sample of 500 MW farm located off the coast of Aberdeen (Scotland), 20 years of met‐ocean data are generated by means of meteorological reanalysis techniques. A subset of 1000 hourly conditions is selected, by means of a maximum dissimilarity algorithm, and input to a dynamic floating wind turbine model. Numerical results are then interpolated for the whole set of met‐ocean data, using radial basis functions. This approach allows to dramatically reduce the global computation time. Tower inclination and hub acceleration are chosen as relevant operating parameters: the former mainly depends on mean wind speed and direction, being largest at rated wind speed. The latter is also affected by significant wave height, and reaches its highest values when wind and waves are aligned. For each simulation, any machine exceeding the selected safety threshold is considered to be shut down. Assuming continuous operation, the average lifespan capacity factor of the farm is 50.2%; more restrictive tolerances result in a non‐linear reduction of the energy production. This approach may help both at the design and the operational stage, in determining the best trade‐off between energy production and safe operation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Two Zinc(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks based on Biphenyl‐2,3,3′,5′‐tetracarboxylic Acid and N‐Donor Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Li Rong‐Fang , Gu Yan‐Xue , Liu Xin‐Fang , Feng Xun , Ma Lu‐Fang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHydrothermal reactions of biphenyl‐2,3,3′,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid (H4bptc) with zinc salts in the presence of 1,4‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)piperazin (bpmp) and 4,4‐dipyridyl (dpy) afforded the coordination polymers {[Zn2(bptc)(bpmp)]·3H2O}n (1) and {[Zn(H2bptc)(dpy)]·3H2O}n (2). Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and TG analyses. Complex 1 displays an unusual three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular motif generated by hydrogen bonding interactions between two single‐layered 2D networks. Complex 2 represents a 2D layer structure, and such layers are further united together into three‐dimensional supramolecular structure through intricate hydrogen bonding. In addition, luminescence properties of complexes 1 and 2 were also investigated.
Implementing corporate lean programs: The effect of management control practices
Authors: Netland Torbjørn H. , Schloetzer Jason D. , Ferdows Kasra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe examine how management control practices relate to the implementation of a corporate lean program at the factory level. Our empirical analysis uses data from a large manufacturing firm that is implementing a corporate lean program in its global plant network. We find that using dedicated teams to lead the lean program, developing and frequently reviewing lean‐focused performance reports, and using nonfinancial rewards linked to lean implementation are favorably associated with more extensive implementation of lean practices in the factories. We do not find evidence that the use of management‐initiated internal audits and financial rewards tied to lean implementation are strongly associated with more extensive lean implementation. We also present evidence of a positive relation between lean implementation and improvements in operational performance in the factories. Overall, these findings suggest that when implementing a corporate lean program, the firm must pay careful attention to the type of management control practices it uses for controlling the input, process, and output aspects of the lean program.
Turbulence intensity in wall-bounded and wall-free flows
Authors: Castro Ian P. 
Published: April 2015

Turbulence intensity variations in the outer region of turbulent shear flows are considered, in the context of the diagnostic plot first introduced by Alfredsson et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 041702) and for both (smooth and rough) wall-bounded flows and classical free shear flows. With $U$ defined as the mean velocity within the flow, $U_{e}$ as a suitable reference velocity and $u^{\prime }$ as the root mean square of the fluctuating velocity, it is demonstrated that, for wall flows, the attached eddy hypothesis yields a closely linear diagnostic plot ($u^{\prime }/U$ versus $U/U_{e}$) over a certain Reynolds number range, explaining why the relation seems to work well for both boundary layers and channels despite its lack of any physical basis (Castro et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 727, 2013, pp. 119–131). It is shown that mixing layers, jets and wakes also exhibit linear variations of $u^{\prime }/U$ versus $U/U_{e}$ over much of the flows (starting roughly from where the turbulence production is a maximum), with slopes of these variations determined by the total mean strain rate, characterised by Townsend’s flow constant $R_{s}$. The diagnostic plot thus has a wider range of applicability than might have been anticipated.
Amidst Mesopotamia-centric and Euro-centric approaches: the changing role of the Anatolian peninsula between the East and the West
Authors: Özdoğan Mehmet 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDue to its geographical position, the Anatolian plateau has always been considered as a bridge in transmitting cultural formations that originated in the Near East to southeastern Europe and to the Aegean. Such a standpoint downgrades the role played by the Anatolian plateau to a transit route between the East and the West, overlooking its distinct structure. It seems that the main bias is in considering the Anatolian plateau as a single cultural unit, ignoring the multifarious nature of its structure. The role the Anatolian plateau played between the ‘East’ and the ‘West’ was much more complex and multi-facetted than assumed, even at times hampering all interaction. Yet another bias is considering Anatolia, in spite of its geographic extent, as the dividing line in defining the boundary between the East and the West. However, it is evident that the geographic limits of the peninsula do not necessarily correspond with the cultural entities. Thus, for example, while the cultural boundary separating the East and the West was somewhere in between the Aegean littoral and the central plateau during the Neolithic period, later it shifted considerably in both directions. On the other hand, through the earlier part of the Chalcolithic period, the extent of the Taurus mountains marks the dividing line between the Near Eastern and Anatolia-Balkan cultural formative zones, which by the Late Chalcolithic period moved much further to the west, up to the Marmara region, the Sea of Marmara then acting as a cultural barrier. Presented here is a conspectus of the recent picture on changing cultural boundaries through the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age.