bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: HUNG T. H. , LAY C. J. , CHANG C. M. , TSAI J .J. , TSAI C. C. , TSAI C. C. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYCirrhotic patients are prone to having infections, which may aggravate hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the effect of infections on mortality in HE cirrhotic patients is not well described. The National Health Insurance Database, derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Programme, was used to identify 4150 adult HE cirrhotic patients hospitalized between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2004. Nine hundred and eighty-five patients (23·7%) had one or more co-existing infections during their hospitalization. After Cox proportional hazard regression modelling adjusted by the patients' gender, age, and medical comorbidity disorders, the hazard ratios (HRs) in HE patients with infections for 30-day, 30- to 90-day, and 90-day to 1-year mortalities were 1·66 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·42–1·94], 1·51 (95% CI 1·23–1·85) and 1·34 (95% CI 1·13–1·58), respectively. Compared to the non-infection group, the HRs of pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, sepsis without specific focus (SWSF), cellulitis, and biliary tract infection were 2·11, 1·48, 1·06, 2·21, 1·06, and 0·78, respectively, for 30-day mortality; 1·82, 1·22, 0·93, 2·24, 0·31, and 2·82, respectively, for 30- to 90-day mortality; and 2·03, 0·82, 1·24, 1·64, 1·14, and 0·60, respectively, for 90-day to 1-year mortality for HE cirrhotic patients. We conclude that infections increase the mortality of HE cirrhotic patients, especially pneumonia and SWSF.
A joint analysis of the Drake equation and the Fermi paradox
Authors: Prantzos Nikos 
Published: February 2013

AbstractI propose a unified framework for a joint analysis of the Drake equation and the Fermi paradox, which enables a simultaneous, quantitative study of both of them. The analysis is based on a simplified form of the Drake equation and on a fairly simple scheme for the colonization of the Milky Way. It appears that for sufficiently long-lived civilizations, colonization of the Galaxy is the only reasonable option to gain knowledge about other life forms. This argument allows one to define a region in the parameter space of the Drake equation, where the Fermi paradox definitely holds (‘Strong Fermi paradox’).
Cross-sectional and prospective study of the association between lung function and prediabetes
Authors: Yamane Takashi , Yokoyama Akihito , Kitahara Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Shintaro , Haruta Yoshinori , Hattori Noboru , Yamane Kiminori , Hara Hitoshi , Kohno Nobuoki 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesA growing body of evidence suggests that there is a relationship between impaired lung function and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is not known if this reflects a causal effect of lung function on glucose metabolism. To clarify the relationship between lung function and the development of DM, we examined the incidence of newly diagnosed prediabetes (a precursor of DM) among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline.DesignPrimary analysis of an occupational cohort with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (follow-up duration mean±SD: 28.4±6.1 months).Setting and participantsData were analysed from 1058 men in a cross-sectional study and from 560 men with NGT in a longitudinal study.Outcomes and methodsImpaired lung function (per cent predicted value of forced vital capacity (%FVC) or per cent value of forced expiratory volume 1 s/FVC (FEV1/FVC ratio)) in relation to the ratio of prediabetes or DM in a cross-sectional study and development of new prediabetes in a longitudinal study. NGT, prediabetes including impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and increased fasting glucose (IFG) and DM were diagnosed according to 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests.Measurements and main results%FVC at baseline, but not FEV1/FVC ratio at baseline, was significantly associated with the incidences of DM and prediabetes. Among prediabetes, IGT but not IFG was associated with %FVC. During follow-up, 102 subjects developed prediabetes among those with NGT. A low %FVC, but not FEV1/FVC ratio, was predictive of an increased risk for development of IGT, but not of IFG.ConclusionsLow lung volume is associated with an increased risk for the development of prediabetes, especially IGT, in Japanese men. Although there is published evidence for an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and DM, prediabetes is not associated with the early stage of COPD.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Energetic Particle-Irradiated In-rich InGaN
Authors: Li S.X. , Yu K.M. , Jones R.E. , Wu J. , Walukiewicz W. , Ager J.W. , Shan W. , Haller E.E. , Lu Hai , Schaff William J. , Kemp W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have carried out a systematic study of the effects of irradiation on the electronic and optical properties of InGaN alloys over the entire composition range. High energy electrons, protons, and 4He+ were used to produce displacement damage doses (Dd) spanning over five orders of magnitude. The free electron concentrations in InN and In-rich InGaN increase with Dd and finally saturate after a sufficiently high Dd. The saturation of carrier density is attributed to the formation of native donors and the Fermi level pinning at the Fermi Stabilization Energy (EFS), as predicted by the amphoteric native defect model. Electrochemical capacitance-voltage (ECV) measurements reveal a surface electron accumulation whose concentration is determined by pinning at EFS.
Controlled Growth of ZnO films on Si Substrate and N-doping Behavior
Authors: Mei Y. F. , Fu Ricky K. Y. , Wang R. S. , Wong K. W. , Ong H. C. , Ding L. , Ge W. K. , Siu G. G. , Chu Paul K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractZnO films with orientations of (001), (110), and (100) were fabricated on silicon by different substrate biases at low temperature. Dynamic cathodoluminescence (CL) dependence on electron bombardment revealed unstable Zn-N bonding if N2 was used as a predecessor. CL under various accelerated voltages showed the possible energies of Zn-N. N-related photoluminescence (PL) at low temperature confirmed that nitrogen was released after annealing. These N-doping behaviors agreed to the theoretical calculation.
Novel Technique to Drill Horizontal Laterals Revitalizes Aging Field
Authors: Cinelli Steven D. , Kamel Ahmed H. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Upward trends in oil prices and the proliferation of new technology enable operators to capitalize on new opportunities. Horizontal drilling and completion are opening up reserves in many fields that were not previously economically viable. This trend is not limited to previously undeveloped fields or by lithology. Operators are also able to gain higher recovery from old fields where production has declined over time, making new opportunities for matching technology to economies of scale for such marginal projects.
This paper outlines the recompletion of a portion of a 40 year old field using radial jet drilling, RJD. The reservoir is a carbonate formation with low permeability. The combination of low permeability, low productivity from traditional vertical completions in a thin net pay, and lack of low cost techniques to improve well productivity caused the production to dwindle. After acquiring the lease in late 2010, the new operator implemented a program of radial jet drilling and acid/nitrogen fracturing to enhance field production. Radial jet drilling is a low-cost, environmentally-friendly method to drill numerous small diameter horizontal laterals from a vertical or near-vertical wellbore. It works in both new and old wells that already have a production history.
A general overview of radial jet drilling technology is presented, and the completion and production history of the field is outlined. The present paper summarizes the workover effort and the production data before and after the workovers. The results show that nearly a two-fold production increase was obtained. It can be clearly seen that radial jet drilling can be a viable alternative to improve productivity of shallow reservoirs that still have significant oil in place that can't be produced with the existing conventional completions.
Population genetic structure of the rare species Eryngium maritimum L. (Apiaceae) in the Gulf of Gdańsk: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Minasiewicz Julita , Borzyszkowska Sulisława , Żółkoś Katarzyna , Bloch-Orłowska Joanna , Afranowicz Renata 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We examined the genetic structure and diversity of eight populations of Eryngium maritimum L. (Sea Holly) along 150 km coastline of the Gulf of Gdańsk in Poland. Allozyme electrophoresis revealed two polymorphic loci among the 31 we tested. The populations showed low levels of genetic diversity (P=6.25, A=1.062, Ht=0.026), with little genetic differentiation between populations (FST=0.03), although it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The main directions of currents and wind indicate no significant limitations to the transport of seeds between populations in the region. Therefore, the grouping of populations that are mostly congruent with their geographic locations (except HP1) might result from the low efficacy of gene flow by seeds. The significant genetic differentiation of HP1, even from close neighboring populations, might have arisen from the founder effect and barriers to the gene flow caused by anthropogenic factors such as forestation and the construction of breakwaters.
Experiments on Rocks Under High Pressure Conditions in GTA 20-32 Triaxial Press / Experimenty Na Horninách Ve Vysokotlakém Triaxiálním Lisu GTA 20-32
Authors: Poláček Josef , Kožušníková Alena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper describes the methodology of measurements in the GTA 20-32 triaxial press. The deformation behaviour of two different types of rocks was compared:
- gypsum with plastic deformation even at lower confining pressure,
- Carboniferous sandstone with brittle failure even at the highest confining pressure.
The influence of gypsum layering was studied as well. The experimental results show that the deformation and strength properties of the gypsum in the triaxial state of stress do not significantly depend on the orientation of axial stress to the observed layering.
Analysis of Relationship Between Basic Composition, pH, and Physical Properties of Selected Bovine Muscles
Authors: Wyrwisz Jarosław , Półtorak Andrzej , Zalewska Magdalena , Zaremba Robert , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between basic meat composition (water, protein, fat, and connective tissue contents), pH value, and physical parameters (texture and colour, drip loss) of selected beef muscles. Five different muscles (LTH, SEM, SET, PSM, TRI) from 20 carcasses were examined. Measurements of the basic meat composition were conducted using a near infrared spectrometry method, colour parameters in L*a*b system, and texture parameters. Drip loss correlated strongly negatively with the pH value. Depending on the muscle type, the correlation ranged -0.601≤r≤-0.282, whereas drip loss correlated moderately positively with connective tissue content. The most significant positive correlation (r≈0.67) between hardness, tenderness, and fat content was noted in the SEM. Colour parameters strongly depended on pH values (-0.831≤rL*≤-0.338; - 0.828≤ra*≤-0.542; -0.912≤rb*≤-0.719) and to a lesser extent on the content of connective tissue.
Restitution in the context of institutional lock-in
Authors: Załęczna Magdalena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article presents the problem of lack of restitution in Poland in the political, social and economic context. The author presents the theory of institutional lock-in, referring to the hitherto course of the political, social and economic transformation processes in Poland. She is focusing on the research problem in form of an institutional lock-in on the route to general restitution process. The author examines the path shaping and path dependence to understand the current negative attitude toward restitution presented by the government and society. The author also indicates the costs caused by lack of restitution. Through analysis of past attempts of restitution regulations the author indicates the most important flashpoints. A hypothesis constructed by the author focuses on the negative effects of institutional lock-in, lack of restitution increases transaction costs influencing the Polish economy. The study is based on the legal documents and the results of public opinion polls.
History of dermatology and venereology in Serbia - part II: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1804 - 1880 / Istorija dermatovenerologije u Srbiji - II deo: Dermatovenerologija u Srbiji od 1804. - 1880. godine
Authors: Lalević-Vasić Bosiljka M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper deals with historical aspects of the development of dermatovenereology in Serbia in the period of liberation wars against Turkey until gaining complete independence (1804 - 1878). Communicable diseases were a major health problem of that time. One of the most important infectious diseases was syphilis, and the development of dermatovenereology in Serbia began with fighting this disease. Special emphasis was put on the origin of the first hearth of the disease and prevalence of syphilis in the country. In this period, two dates were associated with eradication of syphilis: in 1846, the true nature of “frenga” (the term people used for syphilis) was established, and in 1851, the first hospital for venereal diseases was founded in Knjazevac. Another disease important for the development of dermatovenereology was scabies, which was also rather spread and required organized eradication. “Instructions on Scabies” were published in 1845, its treatment was mandatory, whereas people had a legal duty to report the disease. In both cases, the western medical doctrine was applied. The study also deals with a number of other skin and venereal diseases, which points to good professional knowledge of health professionals of that time.
History of dermatology and venereology in Serbia – part IV/3: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1919 – 1945, part 3 / Istorija dermatologije i venerologije u Srbiji - IV/1-3: Dermatovenerologija u Srbiji u periodu 1919 - 1945
Authors: Lalević-Vasić Bosiljka M. , Jovanović Marina 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The seven years’ war (1912 - 1918) and epidemics of infectious diseases, led to a great loss of lives and medical corps of Serbia. As already stated, venereal and skin diseases were spreading in the postwar period that can be seen from medical reports of dermatovenereology institutions. They contain appropriate pathologies and some specific conditions under which they developed. In dermatovenereal pathology, venereal diseases were still dominating. In the outpatientClinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 10.000 patients were examined during the period from 1919 to 1921, venereal diseases accounted for 73.13%, whereas skin diseases accounted for 26.87% of all established diagnoses. A similar distribution existed at the territory of Serbia (Belgrade excluded) in 1931: venereal diseases accounted for 73.4%, and skin diseases for 26.6%; moreover, in Belgrade, the situation was even more drastic: venereal diseases accounted for 84.7%, and skin diseases for 15.3%. However, in the student population, the distribution was reversed: 43% and 57%, respectively. In regard to venereal diseases, in the series from 1919 to 1921, non-endemic syphilis was the most common disease, if serologically positive cases (latent syphilis) were added up to the clinically manifested cases. In the same series of patients, syphilis was staged as follows: syphilis I in 10%, syphilis II in 29.3%, syphilis III in 1.7%, tabes dorsalis in 0.8%, and latent syphilis in 56% of patients. In regions with endemic syphilis, from 1921 to 1925, the distribution was as follows: syphilis I in 4%, syphilis II in 49.8%, syphilis III in 18.3%, hereditary syphilis in 1.3%, and latent syphilis in 26.5% of patients. In patients suffering from gonorrhea, balanitis was found in 4.5%, and arthritis in 0.43% of cases. Generally, spreading of prostitution had a significant role, and its abolition was an important preventive action. In regard to skin diseases, in the above-mentioned series of patients, treated at the Outpatient Clinic for Skin andVenereal Diseases (1919 - 1921), scabies was the commonest skin disease (26.7%), eczemas were the second most common (21.8%), followed by pyococcal diseases (20.4%), while fungal diseases (4.5%) and skin tuberculosis (1.9%) were considerably less frequent.
This is the final report about the foundation of modern dermatovenereology in Serbia.
Cellulose-decomposing fungi in Peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus
Authors: Repečkienė Jūratė , Jukonienė Ilona , Salina Olga 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Repečkienė J., Jukonienė I., Salina O., 2012: Cellulose-decomposing fungi in peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus [Celiuliozę skaidantys grybai durpynuose, kuriuose plinta invazinė samana Campylopusintroflexus]. - Bot. Lith., 18(1): 46-57. Studies on the abundance and genera composition of cellulose-decomposing fungi in four differently disturbed peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus were carried out in autumn, spring and summer seasons. The abundance of fungi under C. introflexus was compared with the abundance of fungal communities under other plants occupying the same habitats (Polytrichum strictum, Eriophorum angustifolium, Callunavulgaris) and bare peat. The serial dilution plate technique was applied for isolation and enumeration of cellulose- decomposing fungi. The large amount of organic matter as well as acidic reaction of peat creates favourable conditions for the development of fungi at the studied sites. The number of cellulose-decomposing fungi depended on the peatland type, prevailing plants and season. The richness of fungal genera (15) was determined under Campylopus introflexus. Fungal isolates belonging to the Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium genera and the Zygomycetes class prevailed.
Neuroendoscopic surgery in hydrocephalus
Authors: Stan H. , Kiss P.A. , Stan A. , Florian I.St. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Hydrocephalus represents one of the most frequent pathologic entities requiring neurosurgical intervention. Even in present times the treatment of hydrocephalus is a highly debated subject. Neuroendoscopy is one of the technique posibility. The present study includes patients with different types of hydrocephalus classified according to imagistic criteria (MRI). Neuroendoscopic therapeutic options are presented for different types of hydrocephalus and the postoperative results of these procedures are revealed by imaging. In conclusion, we consider neuroendoscopy useful in each type of hydrocephalus.
Postmodern Romance and the Illusion-Making Tendencies of Historiography
Authors: Bălănescu Olivia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper proposes a reading of romance in terms of postmodernism by establishing a connection between feminism and postmodernism’s questioning of historical and cultural representation. The aim is to reveal how history, no longer governed by the urge to find the “truth”, gives prominence to the uncertain, the extraordinary, the fantastic, which are the main ingredients of romance.
Some Invariant Solutions of Two-Dimensional Elastodynamics in Linear Homogeneous Isotropic Materials
Authors: Li Houguo , Huang Kefu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInvariant solutions of two-dimensional elastodynamics in linear homogeneous isotropic materials are considered via the group theoretical method. The second order partial differential equations of elastodynamics are reduced to ordinary differential equations under the infinitesimal operators. Three invariant solutions are constructed. Their graphical figures are presented and physical meanings are elucidated in some cases.
Bone Mineral Density Changes in Lactating Adolescent Mothers During the First Postpartum Year
Authors: Méndez Rosa Olivia , Gallegos Ana Cristina , Cabrera Rosa María , Quihui Luis , Zozaya Ramón , Morales Gloria G. , Valencia Mauro E. , Méndez Marcela 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare changes in whole body bone mineral density (wbBMD) during the first postpartum year in adolescent mothers with those of nulliparous adolescents.MethodsThe study included 21 adolescent mothers and 16 nulliparous adolescent non‐indigenous Mexican women (State of Sonora) from a low income level. All mothers were assessed at 15 days (0.5 months), 3 months, and 6 months postpartum; 16 were measured at 12 months postpartum. Nulliparous adolescents were assessed in the same periods. Multiple regression models was used to assess adjusted associations of changes in wbBMD (by DPX‐MD+ densitometer) with dietary calcium and physical activity assessments (estimated using pre‐tested questionnaires), post menarche years, and number of breast feedings.ResultsAt baseline, no differences were observed between nulliparous and adolescent mothers regarding age, post‐menarche years, or BMD values. Changes in wbBMD of −0.56% and 0.77% were observed in mothers and nulliparous adolescents, respectively, after the first 3 months (P = 0.006). Changes in wbBMD in mothers were associated with number of breast feedings and changes in BMI. At 12 months postpartum, the BMD of adolescent mothers was similar to that of nulliparous adolescents.ConclusionsAt 1 year postpartum, adolescent mothers exhibited BMD similar to those of nulliparous adolescents. This result is likely attributable to the breastfeeding practices adopted by mothers during late adolescence. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:222–224, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep‐water Depositional Features of Miocene Zhujiang Formation in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Yun LI , Rongcai ZHENG , Baoquan YANG , Guojin ZHU , Boyu GAO , Xiaoqing HU 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEleven lithofacies and five lithofacies associations were indentified in the Miocene Zhujiang Formation on the basis of detailed core analysis. It could be determined that three depositional types developed, namely submarine fan, basin and deep‐water traction current Six microfacies were further recognized within the fan, including main channels in the inner fan, distributary channels in the middle fan, inter‐channels, levees and the outer fan. The lower Zhujiang Formation, mainly sandstone associations, was inner fan and inner‐middle fan deposits of the basin fan and the slope fan. The middle part, mainly mudstone associations, was outer fan deposits. With the transgression, the submarine fan was finally replaced by the basinal pelagic deposits which were dominated by mudstone associations, siltstone associations, and deep‐water limestone associations. During the weak gravity flow activity, the lower channels, the middle‐upper outer fans and basin deposits were strongly modified by the deep‐water traction current. The identification of the deep‐water traction deposition in Miocene Zhujiang Formation would be of great importance. It could be inferred that the deep‐water traction current had been existing after the shelf‐break formation since the Late Oligocene (23.8 Ma) in the Baiyun sag, influencing and controlling the sediment composition, the distribution, and depositional processes. It would provide great enlightenment to the paleo‐oceanic current circulation in the northern South China Sea.