bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Complications of Tibial Tubercle Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Pretell-Mazzini Juan , Kelly Derek M. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Esteban Eva M.A. , Spence David D. , Warner William C. , Beaty James H. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Systematic review of the literature was done to determine (1) the frequency and type of associated injuries, (2) frequency of concomitant Osgood-Schlatter disease, (3) methods of treatment, (4) functional and radiologic outcomes according to fracture type, and (5) complications of tibial tubercle fractures in pediatric patients.

Methods:
A systematic review of the English literature from 1970 to 2013 included 23 eligible articles reporting 336 fractures with a mean follow-up of 33.56 months (range, 5.7 to 115 mo). Fractures were classified by a comprehensive system that included characteristics of previous systems. Clinical outcomes were assessed by a qualitative scale (excellent/fair/poor), the rate of return to preinjury activity, and knee range of motion. Rate of fracture healing, associated injuries (patellar/quadriceps tendon avulsion and meniscal tears), compartment syndrome, and complications were also recorded.

Results:
Mean age at surgery was 14.6 years and the most common fracture reported was type III (50.6%). The overall associated injury rate was 4.1%, most common in type III fractures (4.7%). Compartment syndrome was present in 3.57% of cases. Open reduction and internal fixation were done in 98% of surgical cases. Rates of return to preinjury activity and knee range of motion were 98%, regardless of the type of fracture. Fracture consolidation was achieved in 99.4% of cases. Overall complication rate was 28.3%; removal of an implant because of bursitis (55.8%) was most common. Tenderness/prominence (17.9%) and refracture (6.3%) were also common.

Conclusions:
Treatment of tibial tubercle fractures in adolescents produced good clinical and radiologic results regardless of fracture type, which was more related to potential complications. Fractures with intra-articular involvement tended to present with more associated injuries and to have fair functional outcomes, suggesting that advanced imaging may be justified with these fractures. Complications could be more common than expected without a significant effect on final outcome. Finally, there is a need for longer follow-up to determine long-term outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—systematic review of level III/IV studies.
The Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Loss in Type IIIB and IIIC Pediatric Open Tibia Fractures
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Cherkashin Alexander , Samchukov Mikhail , Birch John G. , Rathjen Karl E. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
Type III B and C open tibia fractures in children pose a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Limb salvage is the initial goal for the majority of patients, but managing soft-tissue defects and bone loss can be a challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of circular external fixation in the management of these injuries.

Methods:
In this retrospective review, we examined children with type IIIB and IIIC open tibial fractures treated with circular external fixation and soft-tissue coverage between 1990 and 2010. Chart review included: mechanism and severity of injury, degree of bone and soft-tissue loss, technique and duration of external fixation, additional procedures, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications.

Results:
Eight patients were identified whose average age at the time of injury was 10.4 years (range, 3.8 to 15.3 y). There were 7 type IIIB and 1 type IIIC fractures. All patients received free or rotational soft-tissue flaps. Average bone loss was 5.4 cm (range, 0 to 12 cm). Three techniques of circular external fixation were used, including: (1) static stabilization to allow for soft-tissue coverage and fracture healing, (2) acute shortening with plan for later limb lengthening, and (3) stabilization of the extremity for soft-tissue coverage and intended bone transport. Seven of 8 limbs were salvaged. Of those 7, all were followed to skeletal maturity and ambulating without assistive devices at final follow-up. Three patients had a clinically relevant leg-length discrepancy (≥2 cm). Four of 8 patients required secondary or contralateral procedures.

Conclusions:
Pediatric type IIIB and IIIC tibia fractures are limb-threatening injuries that require dynamic thinking and management as the bone and soft-tissue injuries evolve. We have proposed a general algorithm to guide the treatment of these severe injuries. In our experience, circular external fixation, in conjunction with this algorithm, provides the appropriate stability and environment for managing soft tissue and bone loss and can facilitate limb salvage.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Comparison of Effective Dose of Radiation During Pedicle Screw Placement Using Intraoperative Computed Tomography Navigation Versus Fluoroscopy in Children With Spinal Deformities
Authors: Dabaghi Richerand Alejandro , Christodoulou Emmanuel , Li Ying , Caird Michelle S. , Jong Nahbee , Farley Frances A. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
We compared the effective dose of radiation associated with pedicle screw placement in posterior spinal fusion in children using intraoperative computed tomography (CT) navigation versus intraoperative fluoroscopy (C-arm).

Methods:
In this review of posterior spinal fusion patients, height, weight, local density function, dose area product, body region, number of views, and part of the body were used to calculate the effective dose to the patient in millisieverts (mSv) in 37 children in whom pedicle screw placement was aided by intraoperative CT versus 44 children in whom pedicle screw placement was aided by C-arm. Both groups had posterior spinal fusions during the same time period by 3 surgeons between November 2012 and August 2013. Calculation of the radiation dose was made by the following method: for the C-arm, and the fluoroscopic/digital acquisitions part of the CT examinations, we estimated the effective dose using the program PCXMC 2.0. For the cross-sectional imaging part of the CT examinations, we used the dose-length product from the radiation dose reports of the CT unit and published dose-length product to effective dose conversion factors. The overall effective dose for the CT group was the total of the cross-sectional imaging dose and the fluoroscopic/digital acquisition imaging dose. An unpaired T test was used to determine significant difference between the C-arm and CT navigation groups.

Results:
The average effective dose was 1.48±1.66 mSv for the CT patients and 0.34±0.36 mSv for the C-arm patients. These values for the 2 groups are significantly different (P=0.0012). Obese children had very high mSv values in the CT group.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative CT for navigational instrumentation placement associated with spinal fusion in children results in significantly more radiation to the child than C-arm. Families need to be counseled about radiation exposure associated with intraoperative CT, especially in obese children. Intraoperative CT use should be tailored to placing instrumentation where the benefit is the highest.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
The development of farm labor market in rural China
Authors: Che Yi , Zhang Yan , Yu Linhui 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine key determinants of farm labor market development in rural China.Design/methodology/approach– Probit, Logit, and IV-Probit model are used to provide pertinent empirical analysis.Findings– Analysis of survey data establishes three facts about the farm labor market in rural China: first, households with high farm endowment are more likely to hire farm labor; second, because of the mismatch between farm ability and land size created by egalitarian land reallocation, households with more land reallocations are more likely to participate in farm labor market to adjust such mismatch; third, land rental market and farm labor market seem to be complementary. These results are robust to alternative model specifications, subsamples, alternative dependent variables, and additional controls. Welfare analysis demonstrates that the farm labor market is conducive to agricultural output.Originality/value– The main contribution of this study is to lay out stylized facts in terms of the development of farm labor market using a unique survey data set.
Assessing the impact of China’s sloping land conversion program on household production efficiency under spatial heterogeneity and output diversification
Authors: Zhao Minjuan , Yin Runsheng , Yao Liuyang , Xu Tao 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to assess how spatial heterogeneity and production diversification have affected the efficiency of households participating in the SLCP.Design/methodology/approach– Based on household survey data collected from three sample counties in the Loess Plateau region, the paper analyzes how spatial heterogeneity and business diversification have affected the production efficiency of households participating in the SLCP. Using four-step bootstrap, input stochastic distance frontiers of multi-inputs and multi-outputs are developed simultaneously with a technical efficiency effects model in which participating in the SLCP is treated as an exogenous variable.Findings– The household production in the three counties is constrained by land, labor, capital, and fixed inputs; thus, it is germane to using a multi-input and multi-output household production technology to evaluate the SLCP. However, the relative importance of each input and output, the productive diversification, and the technological structure are differentiated in the three counties; estimating the regression with pooled data appears to conceal the influences of local factors and blur the specific divergence, compared to running county-based, separate regressions.Research limitations/implications– The effects of the SLCP on farm household production are location dependent. It is necessary to include spatial heterogeneity within public policy evaluation. In addition to suggesting localized and differentiated schemes of subsidy, this implies that the government may provide means to facilitate different regions to make the economic transition.Originality/value– This paper intends to make two contributions. First, the analysis will capture and explain the adjustments induced by the SLCP in off-farm and other activities for entire household production, and special attention is given to the diversification of household production outputs. Second, this analysis sheds new light to the significance of spatial differentiation in mediating the effectiveness of a public policy or program.
Effects of foreign direct investment in African agriculture
Authors: Gunasekera Don , Cai Yiyong , Newth David 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the key issues surrounding foreign direct investment (FDI) in agriculture, and examine the potential impacts of FDI in African agriculture.

Design/methodology/approach
– The dynamic Global Trade Analysis Project model (GDyn) is used to analyse the potential impacts of improvements in land productivity and FDI in Africa.

Findings
– The results illustrate that combined efforts to improve land productivity and growth in FDI could potentially increase Africa’s share in global agricultural output and exports, particularly with respect to oil seeds, sugar, and cotton.

Originality/value
– The authors employ a global economy-wide modelling framework to simulate the effects of growth in FDI in African agriculture.
Climate risk, income dynamics and nutrition intake in rural China
Authors: Zhou Li , Turvey Calum G. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkages between climate change, income dynamics and nutrition intake in rural China.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a system of simultaneous equations in a three-stage least squares model instrumented with carbohydrates, fats, proteins and farm income the authors found generally that the greatest impact on nutrition would be from changes in temperature.

Findings
– The authors do not find that modest changes in precipitation affect nutrient intake, but extreme events such as drought do. Furthermore, the authors found a strong income effect and this income effect is opposite the heating effect. This may suggest that large swings in nutrient intake brought about by climate change may be countermanded by equivalent increases in income. The authors also found that in terms of general measures of elasticity that market effects, especially in the price of meats, can impact carbohydrate, fat and protein intake as much as global warming.

Originality/value
– The authors believe that three aspects of this manuscript will make it interesting. First, in the short term, poorer households would be the most vulnerable and sensitive to climate change. However, in the long term, all households in rural China appear able to deal with changing climatic conditions through adaptation. Second, the authors do not find evidences to prove the existence of a poverty nutrition trap in rural China. Third, the results also indicate that, the nutrition intake of households in rural China is more prone to gradual changes, rather than extreme events.
Being and becoming a professional accountant in Canada
Authors: Thomson Kelly , Jones Joanne 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study was to explore how the migration experiences of international accounting professionals were shaped by colonial structures and how, through their interactions with other professionals, migrants hybridize their professional identities and the profession in Canada.Design/methodology/approach– A post-colonial analysis of the career narratives of international accounting professionals who migrated to Canada.Findings– This paper illustrates how explicit and formal requirements for transformation, as well as the more subtle informal demands of employers and clients, require non-Western professionals to transform personal characteristics in ways that make them more “Canadian” or “professional”. Findings show that mimicry takes many forms, with some professionals becoming “consummate mimics”, while others discuss their transition in ways that highlight resistance (“reluctant mimics”) and the demands that systematically frustrate and exclude many non-Western professionals from full participation in the “global” profession in Canada (“frustrated mimics”).Research limitations/implications– This paper contributes to the existing scholarly literature on the persistence of colonial structures in shaping the experiences of colonized people even as they migrate in search of better opportunities decades after the colonial structures have been formally dismantled. It builds on Bhabha’s (1994) work illustrating that colonial structures are susceptible to change through action and interaction. We hope this study contributes to social change by providing some insights into how mimicry, resistance and hybridization may disrupt the unreflexive enactment of colonial structures that sustain inequality.Originality/value– This study extends the literature on professional migration using a postcolonial perspective to empirically examine the lived experience of the colonial encounter and professionals transition their professional identities across borders.
Perceived mobility of impact: global elites and the bono effect
Authors: Andersson Lynne , Calvano Lisa 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine how the globally mobile elite (GME) uses its capital and networks to create a perception that market-driven solutions to social problems are superior to the efforts of government and civil society.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on a number of emerging literatures, the authors introduce and develop the concept of the “perceived mobility of impact” and use the case of the “Bono effect” to illustrate how this phenomenon is enacted. The authors then employ a critical lens to challenge the consequences of this perceived mobility of impact.Findings– Global elites use their mobility to generate network capital, which in conjunction with celebrity affinity for global humanitarian causes builds a self-reinforcing consensus and legitimizes market-driven solutions to social problems. While this approach may make the GME feel generous about their contribution, it raises questions about accountability and representation in shaping global social policy.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on the GME, offering a unique critical perspective on their motives and actions, and introduces the concept of ‘perceived mobility of impact’.
Advances in hospitality research: “from Rodney Dangerfield to Aretha Franklin”
Authors: Rivera Manuel Antonio , Pizam Abraham 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to analyze the progression of research in the domain of Hospitality Management since its inception in the early part of the twentieth century.

Design/methodology/approach
– A combination of qualitative analyses of the published literature in the past 80 years plus a quantitative survey of 613 manuscripts published in the International Journal of Hospitality Management (IJHM) from 2000 to 2012.

Findings
– The findings demonstrate that hospitality management research has progressed in the past four years through four distinct phases, namely, Story Tellers (1930-1950), Profilers (1950-1970), Copy Cats (1970-2005) and Innovators (since 2000). The evolution in the literature reflects that people in hospitality management and academia are improving their connection between theory and practice.

Research limitations/implications
– The quantitative part of this study was limited to articles published in the IJHM, and as such, they may not be fully representative of research articles that were published in other journals both in English and/or additional languages.

Originality/value
– The results of this study can be used as evidence that the modern field of hospitality management has reached a maturity level that is equal in rigor and sophistication to other disciplines in the domains of business administration and the social sciences.
Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry
Authors: Kandampully Jay , Zhang Tingting (Christina) , Bilgihan Anil 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This article aims to provide a summary review of what is already known about customer loyalty and identifies some emerging issues that play an important role in it. As a result of dramatic changes in the marketplace and in consumers’ connections with the hospitality industry, researchers and practitioners are keen to understand the factors that underpin customer loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
– By synthesizing extant customer loyalty literature, this article seeks further understanding of loyalty and offers priorities for ongoing loyalty research.

Findings
– Using conceptual models, this study provides a framework designed to extend the understanding of customer loyalty and the impact of the evolving role of engaged customers.

Practical implications
– Companies are advised to create emotionally engaged, loyal brand ambassadors by focusing on emerging areas, such as customer engagement, brand citizenship behaviors, mass personalization, employee engagement, brand ambassadors (both employees and customers), co-creation of value, co-design, co-consumption and rapport between customers and employees.

Originality/value
– This article crafts a conceptual framework for customer loyalty and identifies those factors that influence its development in the service industry with a special focus on the hospitality industry.
Structural breaks and labor market disparities in the Canadian provinces
Authors: Fallahi Firouz , Rodríguez Gabriel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to use quarterly time series data from Canada and the Canadian provinces to determine if the unemployment rates in the Canadian provinces are converging to the national rate of unemployment.Design/methodology/approach– First, the authors check for existence of stochastic convergence using recent unit root statistics, see Perron and Rodríguez (2003) and Rodríguez (2007). Second, the authors verify existence of convergence using methods proposed by Volgelsang (1998) and Bai and Perron (1998, 2003). All these methods allows for structural break(s) in the data.Findings– Results from different unit root tests, without and with structural breaks, confirm that stochastic convergence exists in all provinces. The other results show strong evidence that deterministic convergence exists and the unemployment rates of the Canadian provinces are converging to the unemployment rate of Canada. This conclusion is stronger when multiple breaks are allowed in the trend function using the approach of Bai and Perron (1998, 2003).Practical implications– Since the authors have verified the existence of stochastic convergence, any intervention in the labor markets of the Canadian provinces to control the provincial unemployment rate would have a temporary effect and these policies will not have a permanent influence on the unemployment rates. However, existence ofβ-convergence in the Canadian provinces shows that general policies toward lowering the national unemployment rate would decrease the provincial unemployment rates as well.Originality/value– To the best of the knowledge, the paper attempts to study the unemployment rate convergence in the Canadian provinces using the above-mentioned approaches. These approaches allow the authors to take into consideration the possibility of structural breaks in order to get results that are more accurate.
Financial liberalization and economic growth
Authors: Lopes Thiago Henrique Carneiro Rios , de Jesus Cleiton Silva 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether countries benefit from capital account liberalization in more democratic contexts.Design/methodology/approach– The authors used the follow methodologies in this paper: Pooled OLS, panel data with fixed effects and generalized method of moments. The empirical exercises were conducted for both a large sample and a smaller group of developing countries. Given the characteristics of the variables used in the standard model, the main conclusions were obtained from an estimation that took into account the presence of fixed effects and endogeneity.Findings– Considering a sample of 77 countries, the authors were able to ascertain that capital account openness has a positive effect on economic growth only in highly democratic countries. When the same estimates are carried out with a more restricted sample, composed of 50 developing countries, the results are more pessimistic. In this case, capital account openness has a negative and significant effect, although being more democratic is not sufficient in itself to reap the benefits of financial integration.Research limitations/implications– The results obtained in this paper are limited to the number of observations and the period analysed. Furthermore, the conclusions need to be confirmed by a test of robustness, which should be conducted in future works; such works could make use of other democracy indicators and other instruments.Originality/value– The innovation of the work, in comparison to those the authors consulted, resides in its testing, through an interactive variable, whether the effect of capital openness on economic growth depends on level of democracy.