bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Causes Imbalance of Renal Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Components and Hypertension in Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Xinquan , Chen Caiyu , Wang Jialiang , Zou Xue , Li Chuanwei , Xu Zaicheng , Yang Xiaoli , Shi Weibin , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: February 2015

Background

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, especially in obesity‐related hypertension. The natriuretic and antinatriuretic components of the renal renin angiotensin system (
RAS
) maintain sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased oxidative stress leads to the imbalance of
RAS
components and hypertension in obese Zucker rats.

Methods and Results

Lean and obese rats received vehicle or tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic in the drinking water for 4 weeks. Compared with vehicle‐treated lean rats, vehicle‐treated obese rats exhibited higher blood pressure and increased renal oxidative stress, accompanied by increased diuretic and natriuretic responses to
AT
1
R antagonist (Candesartan) and
AT
2
R agonist (
CGP
‐42112A) and reduced diuretic and natriuretic response to MasR agonist (Ang‐[1 to 7]). Moreover, obese rats had higher
ACE
,
AT
1
R and
AT
2
R, lower
ACE
2 and MasR expressions in the kidney. All of the above‐mentioned abnormalities were reversed to some degree by tempol treatment. In primary cultures of renal proximal tubular (
RPT
) cells from lean and obese rats, tempol treatment also increased
AT
2
R,
ACE
2, and MasR expressions but decreased
AT
1
R and
ACE
expressions in obese rats.

Conclusions

Taken together, our study indicated that the imbalance of renal
RAS
components was associated with increased oxidative stress in obese rats. Furthermore, antioxidant treatment with tempol reversed the imbalance of renal
RAS
components and led to diuresis and natriuresis, which, at least in part, explains the blood pressure‐lowering effect of antioxidant supplementation in obesity‐related hypertension.
Vaccination in children with allergy to non active vaccine components
Authors: Franceschini Fabrizio , Bottau Paolo , Caimmi Silvia , Crisafulli Giuseppe , Lucia Liotti , Peroni Diego , Saretta Francesca , Vernich Mario , Povesi Dascola Carlotta , Caffarelli Carlo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChildhood immunisation is one of the greatest public health successes of the last century. Vaccines contain an active component (the antigen) which induces the immune response. They may also contain additional components such as preservatives, additives, adjuvants and traces of other substances. This review provides information about risks of hypersensitivity reactions to components of vaccines. Furthermore, recommendations to avoid or reduce reactions to vaccine components have been detailed.
The role of the cerebral ganglia in the venom-induced behavioral manipulation of cockroaches stung by the parasitoid jewel wasp
Authors: Kaiser Maayan , Libersat Frederic 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe jewel wasp stings cockroaches and injects venom into their cerebral ganglia, namely the subesophageal ganglion (SOG) and supraesophageal ganglion (SupOG). The venom induces a long-term hypokinetic state, during which the stung cockroach shows little or no spontaneous walking. It was shown that venom injection to the SOG reduces neuronal activity, thereby suggesting a similar effect of venom injection in the SupOG. Paradoxically, SupOG-ablated cockroaches show increased spontaneous walking in comparison with control. Yet most of the venom in the SupOG of cockroaches is primarily concentrated in and around the central complex (CX). Thus the venom could chiefly decrease activity in the CX to contribute to the hypokinetic state. Our first aim was to resolve this discrepancy by using a combination of behavioral and neuropharmacological tools. Our results show that the CX is necessary for the initiation of spontaneous walking, and that focal injection of procaine to the CX is sufficient to induce the decrease in spontaneous walking. Furthermore, it was shown that artificial venom injection to the SOG decreases walking. Hence our second aim was to test the interactions between the SupOG and SOG in the venom-induced behavioral manipulation. We show that, in the absence of the inhibitory control of the SupOG on walking initiation, injection of venom in the SOG alone by the wasp is sufficient to induce the hypokinetic state. To summarize, we show that venom injection to either the SOG or the CX of the SupOG is, by itself, sufficient to decrease walking.
Photooxidation and Photoluminescence of Triarylmethane Dye-Conjugated Zinc Complexes: Optical Anisotropy and Optical Activity Emerging from Distinct Crystal Packing Modes
Authors: Takeda Saori , Yamada Hiroka , Takezawa Shunpei , Yoshikawa Isao , Seino Hidetake , Matsumura Kazunari , Houjou Hirohiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A series of hexanuclear zinc complexes was prepared using a triarylmethane (TAM)-based ligand. Depending on the alkyl chains at the peripheral position of the complex, the complexes crystallized as needles, octahedral crystals, or both. A needle crystal consisting of molecular columns in which P- and M-forms of propeller-shaped complexes were alternately stacked. Octahedral crystals had an enantiomeric cubic system. All crystals were photooxidized under UV irradiation to yield the corresponding TAM dyes with characteristic absorption (ca. 540 nm) and emission (ca. 600 nm) spectra. The crystals with the columnar packing structure exhibited linearly polarized emission, while the crystals with the cubic system did not show noticeable dichroism in either absorption or emission. The differences in photophysical properties among the complexes with various alkanoic groups were interpreted in terms of the spatial arrangement of the TAM dye molecules in the crystals.
Institutional and conceptual transformations of philosophy of history
Authors: Ivanova Ivelina , Hristov Todor 
Published: February 2015

<p>The paper presents the findings of two studies on the current transformations of philosophy of history. The paper claims that those transformations outline a research field more appropriately defined as historical knowledge studies, and focused on the conditions of possibility, operation, structure, institutional praxis, critical potential and political relevance of our knowledge about history. The study provides an outline of the emergence of new problems and topics in philosophy of history based on an analysis of the contents of a prominent journal crucial to the development of the field, <em>History and Theory</em>, which has hosted many important debates on historical knowledge since the 1960s and whose editorial policy is recognised for its pluralism. This account of the transformation of the research field is supplemented by the findings of a study of the institutional localisation and geographic distribution of university courses in philosophy of history.</p><p> </p>
Review of Vasileios Syros's, Marsilius of Padua at the Intersection of Ancient and Medieval Traditions of Political Thought
Authors: Tounta Eleni 
Published: February 2015

Review of: Vasileios Syros, <em>Marsilius of Padua at the Intersection of Ancient and Medieval Traditions of Political Thought</em>, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012, pp. x + 305<p> </p>
Culture and complexity through English as a lingua franca: rethinking competences and pedagogy in ELT
Authors: Baker Will 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
English as a lingua franca (ELF) research highlights the complexity and fluidity of culture in intercultural communication through English. ELF users draw on, construct, and move between global, national, and local orientations towards cultural characterisations. Thus, the relationship between language and culture is best approached as situated and emergent. However, this has challenged previous representations of culture, particularly those centred predominantly on nation states, which are prevalent in English language teaching (ELT) practices and the associated conceptions of communicative and intercultural communicative competence. Two key questions which are then brought to the fore are: how are we to best understand such multifarious characterisations of culture in intercultural communication through ELF and what implications, if any, does this have for ELT and the teaching of culture in language teaching? In relation to the first question, this paper will discuss how complexity theory offers a framework for understanding culture as a constantly changing but nonetheless meaningful category in ELF research, whilst avoiding essentialism and reductionism. This underpins the response to the second question, whereby any formulations of intercultural competence offered as an aim in language pedagogy must also eschew these simplistic and essentialist cultural characterisations. Furthermore, the manner of simplification prevalent in approaches to culture in the ELT language classroom will be critically questioned. It will be argued that such simplification easily leads into essentialist representations of language and culture in ELT and an over representation of “Anglophone cultures.” The paper will conclude with a number of suggestions and examples for how such complex understandings of culture and language through ELF can be meaningfully incorporated into pedagogic practice.
Control of Slag-Dragging Effects at the Metal–Slag Interface through Electromagnetic Brake in a Slab Mold
Authors: Morales R. D. , García-Hernández S. , Calderón-Ramos I. , Salazar-Campoy María , de J. Barreto J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTurbulent flow when steel is delivered through a nozzle in a slab mold induces dragging forces at the metal–slag interface that entrain slag droplets into the metal bulk. These dragging effects are discontinuous and correspond to the velocity fluctuations of turbulence at that interface which themselves, are dependent on nozzle immersion, nozzle design, mold width and casting speed. Slag viscosity and density, metal viscosity and slag layer thickness are employed to estimate that critical velocity which is embodied in a critical capillary number for some established mold operating conditions. This approach permits the link between all operating variables including flux chemistry and nozzle design with the interface instability. A relationship between the capillary number and the magnetic field strength used to brake the liquid steel is established which is used to assure the interface stability for any operating condition and flux chemistry.
Patents for Drugs and the Right to Development in International Law
Authors: Owoeye Olasupo Ayodeji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article explores the connection of health to human and socio-economic development and the protection of pharmaceutical patents. It examines the concept of development and the right to development in international law in the context of access to medicines and patents protection. The provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Agreement on Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) that are significant to the pursuit of development are discussed. The article argues that there is a cognisable right to development in international law that is well recognised in international trade law and the pursuit of development should be duly taken into account in the negotiation and implementation of trade and IP agreements. The article highlights the potential danger in eroding the flexibilities in the TRIPS Agreement through the negotiation of free trade agreements and emphasises the need for IP and trade agreements to sufficiently accommodate and recognise legitimate measures genuinely taken to enhance national development. It is argued that developing countries should have a national IP implementation plan that can effectively enhance their human development objectives.
Dipole Moment Functions of HF and HI Molecules Using an Anharmonic Potential
Authors: Kluckner Manfred H. , Rao B. Sesh 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Vibration-rotation wave functions for HF and HI are computed by solving the radial Schroedinger wave equation numerically using an anharmonic potential function with seven adjustable parameters. With these wave functions the matrix elements of [(r - re)/re]n are computed. These are then applied in a least squares fit to experimentally measured values of the electric dipole matrix elements to yield the dipole moment coefficients M0, M1,..., M5 .
IR Studies of Crystalline Methanol Films with Textures
Authors: Fischer F. , Fuhrich R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
When amorphous methanol films, deposited at 78 K on a substrate already covered by a thin crystalline methanol layer, are crystallized above 104 K they obtain a growth texture. This can be seen from relative intensity alterations of IR bands related to the hydrogen bondings. Another growth texture is obtained by depositing the film at 145 K. Large spherulites are seen between crossed polarizers. Other alterations of IR bands are observed. From the interpretation of this dichroism we learn about the growth mechanism. The relations of polymer chains with hydrogen bonds to those with covalent bonds are discussed. Isothermal sublimation can be studied from the linear decrease of a single IR band. This allows to determine the heat of sublimation.
Dipole Moments and Configurations of Triaryl Acrilonitriles
Authors: Carbone D. , Chisari A. , Montoneri E. , Pappalardo G. C. , Scarlata G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electric dipole moments of trans-1,2 diaryl acrilonitrile 1 and of a series of triaryl acrilonitriles 2-14 were measured in benzene solution at 25 °C. A mesomeric moment of 0.4 D was found to act between the phenyl-and the nitrile groups through the vinylic bond in triaryl acrilonitrile 2. For this molecule the direction of action of the total molecular moment was calculated and used to evaluate theoretical moments for the possible E and Z configurations of some unsymmetrical derivative compounds of the series. The configuration was settled for each com-pound on the basis of comparison between experimental and calculated dipole moment values.
On the Operator Formulation of the Polyatomic Molecule Partition Function
Authors: Bohmann J. , Witschel W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Nielsen Hamiltonian of the general polyatomic molecule including anharmonicity and its resonances, Coriolis-coupling and its resonances, and rotation-vibration interaction are treated by statistical perturbation theory in its operator form. By generating function methods and operator theorems, which are treated in an appendix, cumbersome calculations with non-commuting operators are avoided. The results for H2O and SO2 agree very well with accurate numerical calculations from the literature. Qualitative conclusions on the convergence of the perturbation series are drawn from the numerical calculations for model systems.
The Molecular Structure and Hydrogen Bond Geometry in Liquid Formamide: Electron, Neutron, and X-Ray Diffraction Studies
Authors: Kálmán E. , Serke I. , Pálinkás G. , Zeidler M. D. , Wiesmann F. J. , Bertagnolli H. , Chieux P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Electron, neutron and X-ray diffraction patterns of liquid formamide have been measured at a temperature of 25 °C. Analysis of the diffraction data yields the molecular structure and the average geometry of the hydrogen bond. The molecular parameters obtained from liquid diffraction experiments are in good agreement with those from gas electron diffraction for the free molecule. The mean O…N and O…H hydrogen bond distances are 2.9 Å and 1.9 Å, respectively. Four H-bonds per molecule are found on the average. The deviation of the H-bonds from the linearity is estimated.
The Volume Change on Ion-Pairing of Symmetrical Electrolytes
Authors: Marcus Y. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The increase in the standard partial molar volume of a symmetrical electrolyte on ion-pairing, ΔV∞, calculated from the experimental association constant at ambient pressure, the isothermal compressibility, the dielectric constant of the solvent and its pressure coefficient, is as good a measure of this quantity as values calculated from more elaborate experimental procedures, such as the pressure coefficient of the association constant or high precision density determinations in dilute solutions.
Tunneling Through the Opaque Inverted Parabola
Authors: Ni G.-J. , Wonneberger W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The inverted parabola remains an exactly solvable tunneling barrier when imaginary parts are added to the potential. They represent the effect of particle absorption. In the limit of strong absorption (“opaque barrier”) convenient limiting forms for the tunneling probability are derived using asymptotic expansions of the exact scattering solution. An application to Zener tunneling is made and the result is compared to the case of tunneling under viscous dissipation. Significant differences are found between these two approaches to tunneling under dissipation.
Direkte Methoden bei Überstruktureffekten von höherem Index/ Direct Methods in the Case of Superstructure Effects of a Higher Index
Authors: Böhme Reinhild 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Superstructure effects take place with structures satisfying a pseudotranslation t. We discuss how to apply direct methods for the phase determination of the weak reflexions for structures where the index of t is larger than 2 and the atoms satisfy the pseudotranslation exactly or not at all.
Assignment of the UV-Photoelectron Spectrum of Tetrasulfur Tetranitride
Authors: Palmer M. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ab initio configuration interaction calculations of the ground and doublet states of S4N4 show changes in the order of states relative to a large basis set Koopmans’ Theorem order. Consequential changes in the assignment of the UV-photoelectron spectrum are reported.
Kinetic Energy Release and Energy Partitioning During the Ionic Fragmentation in Metastable Ions
Authors: El-Kader F. H. Abd , El-Fattah M. S. Abd 
Published: February 2015

The kinetic energy released in the unimolecular decomposition of some metastable transitions has been investigated. It was found to have a significant temperature dependence in cases of H‘ loss from molecular ions. This is attributed to the tunelling of H• atom through the centrifugal barrier.
The activation energies of the reverse reactions “εr
≠” and the kinetic energy released “TB” have been determined for the loss of H• from acetonitrile and elimination of HCN from benzonitrile. The partitioning energy quotients q=TB/εr
≠ are found = 0.91 and 0.58 for acetonitrile and benzonitrile respectively.
ESR Study of the Impregnation Process of Silica Gels with CU(NO3 )2 · 6H2O
Authors: Burlamacchi Leo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The use of electron spin resonance in the study of the different steps in the impregnation process of hydrated Cu(NO3)2 onto silica gels with pore size of 20, 50 and 100 nm is described. The desolvation step with concomitant beginning of the salt decomposition step occurred at ~100 °C in silica with pores of 50 and 100 nm while a temperature higher than 200 °C were necessary for 20 nm pores. In the range 300 to 500 °C the decomposition step was completed and the adsorption of Cu(II) on ≡ SiO- surface sites started. Well-defined localization was completed after heating at 650 °C. The bond features of the surface adsorbed Cu(II) species are also described.
Unrestricted Harmonic Balance
Authors: Seelig Friedrich Franz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The method of Unrestricted Harmonie Balance (UHB) is a generally applicable procedure to determine the Fourier coefficients and constants of motion (frequency, velocity) of non-linear periodic phenomena in time and space and was outlined and applied to various problems in chemistry in preceding papers. Here the truncation error is investigated by comparing the UHB results for various truncation harmonics N with the rigorous analytical solution for the Kepler problem which is one of the rare examples of an exactly solvable non-linear problem.
Kinetics of the UV-Photopolymerization in TS Diacetylene Single Crystals as Studied by Time Resolved Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Niederwald H. , Schwoerer M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The intermediate products A, B, C, D, E and V of the UV initiated solid state polymerization in single crystals of 2,4 hexadiynylene bis (p-toluene sulfonate), particulary their kinetics, have been studied by time resolved optical absorption spectroscopy in the temperature range between 180 and 300 K. The description by a simple kinetic model states that A to E react in a direct sequence by monomer addition, which is thermally activated. The activation energies range from 0.25 to 0.30 eV per monomer. At 300 K the reaction rate constants are of the order of 106 s-1. - Product V is interpreted as a superposition of several long chain oligomers with reactive carbene chain ends. The reaction V → Polymer is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0,4 eV per monomer. - The fluorescence spectrum of the monomer crystal has been measured for the first time by use of a fast detection system. It is discussed with respect to its significance for the polymerization initiating step. - Deuterium isotope effects on the polymer absorption energy and on reaction kinetics are reported.
The Molecular Structure of Pentafluorobenzene Sulphonyl Chloride
Authors: Vajda Erzsébet , Hargittai István 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The molecular geometry of pentafluorobenzene sulphonyl chloride is characterized by the following bond lengths (rg) and bond angles from an electron diffraction study: C-F 132.6 ± 0.3 pm, C-C 13971 ± 0.7 pm, S=O 141.5 ± 0.3 pm, S-Cl 202.7 ± 0.5 pm, C-S 179.8 ± 0.6 pm. C-S-Cl 104.8 ± 0.8°, C-S=O 108.2 ± 0.6°, O = S=O 123.6 ±1.0°, Cl-S=O 105.3 ±0.2°. The molecular model is asymmetric; the benzene ring is rotated by 61.8 ± 2.2° relative to the plane containing the S-Cl bond and bisecting the O = S = O angle. The benzene ring is not distorted considerably.
MNDO Studies on Malononitrile Dimerization
Authors: Mirek Julian , Buda Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reaction path of malononitrile dimerization, the intermediates and the tautomerism of the final product have been investigated by the MNDO method. The results are in good agreement with experimental data. The mechanism has a barrier height of about 88 kJ/mol and involves an intermediate which passes to the most stable tautomer through intermolecular proton transfer.
The Inverse Mean Field Method and the Energy Dependence of the Nuclear Potential
Authors: Hefter E. F. , Gridnev K. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The foundations of the inverse mean field method (Imefim) and its relation to traditional approaches are discussed. Imefim predicts the energy dependence of the real central (nuclear) part of the optical model potential to have the functional form (1 + eEp)-3 . Treating for the time being the constant e as an adjustable parameter, this prediction is shown to compare nicely with well-established formal and heuristic results.