bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of leptin administration after gastric bypass
Authors: Korner Judith , Conroy Rushika , Febres Gerardo , J. McMahon Donald , Conwell Irene , Karmally Wahida , Aronne Louis J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Obese individuals have high levels of circulating leptin and are resistant to the weight‐reducing effect of leptin administration at physiological doses. Although Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective weight loss procedure, there is a plateau in weight loss and most individuals remain obese. This plateau may be partly due to the decline in leptin resulting in a state of relative leptin insufficiency. The main objective of this study was to determine whether leptin administration to post‐RYGB patients would promote further weight reduction.Design and Methods:This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study of 27 women who were at least 18 months post‐RYGB and lost on average 30.8% of their presurgical body weight. Subjects received either leptin or placebo via subcutaneous injection twice daily for 16 weeks, then crossed over to receive the alternate treatment for 16 weeks.Results:Weight change after 16 weeks of placebo was not significantly different from that after 16 weeks of leptin. No changes were observed in percent fat mass, resting energy expenditure, thyroid hormones, or cortisol levels.Conclusion:Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a significant effect of leptin treatment on body weight in women with relative hypoleptinemia after RYGB.
Changes in Visceral Adiposity and Serum Cholesterol with a Novel Viscous Polysaccharide in Japanese Adults with Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Reimer Raylene A. , Yamaguchi Hideyo , Eller Lindsay K. , Lyon Michael R. , Gahler Roland J. , Kacinik Veronica , Juneja Prateek , Wood Simon 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Evidence supports the role of dietary fiber in improving metabolic health. PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), a viscous functional polysaccharide improves lipidemia and glycemia in healthy adults. Our objective was to examine the effects of PGX® on risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity.Design and Methods: Sixty four subjects assigned to 14 weeks of 15 g day−1 of PGX® or placebo were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group trial. At week 0 and 14, primary outcome measures were serum lipids, abdominal adiposity, glucose tolerance and blood pressure.Results: Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced at week 14 with PGX® but not placebo (P < 0.05). The reduction in waist circumference at week 14 was greater with PGX® versus placebo (P < 0.05). In females, abdominal visceral fat was decreased to a greater extent with PGX® versus placebo (P < 0.05). While glucose tolerance worsened with placebo over time, PGX® reduced glucose total area under the curve from week 0 to 6 (P = 0.039). Serum concentrations of resistin and IL6 increased slightly in placebo and decreased slightly with PGX®.Conclusions: PGX® is a functional fiber that shows promise in reducing risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity.
Obesity and incident injury among career firefighters in the central United States
Authors: Jahnke S.A. , Poston W.S.C. , Haddock C.K. , Jitnarin N. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveFirefighting is a dangerous profession with high injury rates, particularly musculoskeletal (MS), but limited longitudinal data is available to examine predictors of MS injuries in this population.Design and MethodsThe relationship between personal individual, nonoccupational factors (e.g., demographic characteristics, body composition, fitness, and health behaviors) and incident injury and incident MS injury in a prospective cohort of 347 firefighters from the central United States was examined.ResultsBaseline weight status was a significant predictor of incident MS injury, with obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2) firefighters 5.2 times more likely (95% CI = 1.1‐23.4) to experience a MS injury than their normal weight (BMI = 18.5‐24.9 kg m−2) colleagues over the course of the study. Similarly, firefighters who were obese based on WC (>102.0 cm) were almost three times as likely (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2‐6.4) to have a MS injury at follow‐up.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of focusing on firefighters' body composition, nutrition and fitness as a means of decreasing risk for injury.
Effects of sugar‐sweetened beverages on plasma acylation stimulating protein, leptin and adiponectin: Relationships with Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Rezvani Reza , Cianflone Katherine , McGahan John P. , Berglund Lars , Bremer Andrew A. , Keim Nancy L. , Griffen Steven C. , Havel Peter J. , Stanhope Kimber L. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe effects of fructose and glucose consumption on plasma acylation stimulating protein (ASP), adiponectin, and leptin concentrations relative to energy intake, body weight, adiposity, circulating triglycerides, and insulin sensitivity were determined.Design and MethodsThirty two overweight/obese adults consumed glucose‐ or fructose‐sweetened beverages (25% energy requirement) with their ad libitum diets for 8 weeks, followed by sweetened beverage consumption for 2 weeks with a standardized, energy‐balanced diet. Plasma variables were measured at baseline, 2, 8, and 10 weeks, and body adiposity and insulin sensitivity at baseline and 10 weeks.ResultsFasting and postprandial ASP concentrations increased at 2 and/or 8 weeks. ASP increases correlated with changes in late‐evening triglyceride concentrations. At 10 weeks, fasting adiponectin levels decreased in both groups, and decreases were inversely associated with baseline intra‐abdominal fat volume. Sugar consumption increased fasting leptin concentrations; increases were associated with body weight changes. The 24‐h leptin profiles increased during glucose consumption and decreased during fructose consumption. These changes correlated with changes of 24‐h insulin levels.ConclusionsThe consumption of fructose and glucose beverages induced changes in plasma concentrations of ASP, adiponectin, and leptin. Further study is required to determine if these changes contribute to the metabolic dysfunction observed during fructose consumption.
Metabolomic signatures in lipid‐loaded HepaRGs reveal pathways involved in steatotic progression
Authors: Brown Meredith V. , Compton Sarah A. , Milburn Michael V. , Lawton Kay A. , Cheatham Bentley 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesA spectrum of disorders including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis is described by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With the increased prevalence of obesity, and consequently NAFLD, there is a need for novel therapeutics in this area. To facilitate this effort, a cellular model of hepatic steatosis was developed using HepaRG cells and the resulting biochemical alterations were determined.Design and MethodsUsing global metabolomic profiling, by means of a novel metabolite extraction procedure, the metabolic profiles in response to the saturated fatty acid palmitate, and a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, palmitate and oleate (1:2) were examined.ResultsWe observed elevated levels of the branched chain amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, sphingosine and acylcarnitines, and reduced levels of carnitine in the steatotic HepaRG model with both palmitate and palmitate:oleate treatments. In addition, elevated levels of diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols as well as altered bile acid metabolism were selectively displayed by palmitate‐induced steatotic cells.ConclusionsBiochemical changes in pathways important in the transition to hepatic steatosis including insulin resistance, altered mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative stress are revealed by this global metabolomic approach. Moreover, the utility of this in vitro model for investigating the mechanisms of steatotic progression, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity in NAFLD was demonstrated.
Surgical control of obesity and diabetes: The role of intestinal vs. gastric mechanisms in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Patel Rajesh T. , Shukla Alpana P. , Ahn Soo Min , Moreira Marlus , Rubino Francesco 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo elucidate the specific role of gastric vs. intestinal manipulations in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis.Design and MethodsThe effects of intestinal bypass alone (duodenal‐jejunal bypass ‐DJB) and gastric resection alone (SG) in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were compared. Additional animals underwent a combination procedure (SG + DJB). Outcome measures included changes in weight, food intake (FI), oral glucose tolerance (GT) and gut hormones.ResultsDJB did not substantially affect weight and FI, whereas SG significantly reduced weight gain and food consumption. DJB rats showed weight‐independent improvement in GT, which improved less after SG. Furthermore, SG significantly suppressed plasma ghrelin and increased insulin, glucagon like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide YY response to oral glucose whereas DJB had no effects on postprandial levels of these hormones. DJB restored postprandial glucagon suppression in diabetic rats whereas SG did not affect glucagon response. The combination procedure (SG + DJB) induced greater weight loss and better GT than SG alone without reducing food intake further.ConclusionsThese findings reveal a dominant role of the stomach in the regulation of body weight and incretin response to oral glucose whereas intestinal bypass primarily affects glucose homeostasis by a weight‐, insulin‐ and incretin‐independent mechanism
Working memory‐related brain activity is associated with outcome of lifestyle intervention
Authors: Hege M.A. , Stingl K.T. , Ketterer C. , Häring H.U. , Heni M. , Fritsche A. , Preissl H. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveLifestyle interventions including reduction of caloric intake are still the most pursued option to treat obesity. However, their outcome in terms of weight loss strongly differs between participants. In our study, we hypothesized that initial differences in brain activation in a food specific memory task are associated with weight change during a lifestyle intervention.Design and MethodsMagnetic brain activity was recorded during a one‐back visual memory task with food and nonfood pictures in 33 overweight and obese subjects before they underwent a lifestyle intervention. The intervention lasted 6 months and aimed for a reduction in daily caloric intake by 400 kcal. Body mass index (BMI) was determined before and after the intervention.ResultsDifferences between outer tertiles representing people who increased their BMI by 1.4% ± 1.1% (non‐responders) and who reduced their BMI by −6.9% ± 2.6% (responders) are reported. Neuronal activity was related to BMI change in sensor and source space. Non‐responders showed higher activation in right inferior frontal and left occipital visual areas, whereas responders showed increased activation in right temporal areas including hippocampus and fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsDifferences in the cerebral response during a food specific memory task indicate an altered cognitive control over food intake. These differences might determine the ability to eat less and successfully lose weight.
Optimism, pessimism and bias in self‐reported body weight among older adults
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveBody mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) are often derived from self‐reported weight and height; psychological dispositions may bias how participants report these physical characteristics. The present research used a large national sample of US adults to examine the correspondence between reported and measured body weight and height and to test whether optimists and pessimists misreport their weight/height in ways that are consistent with their worldviews.MethodsParticipants in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 11,207) reported their weight and height and completed a measure of dispositional optimism and pessimism; trained interviewers measured participants’ weight and height.ResultsThere was a high correlation between measured and reported weight (r = 0.98) and height (r = 0.92). Consistent with their positive and negative worldviews, respectively, optimists under‐reported and pessimists over‐reported their weight. There was not a consistent association with misreported height. Optimism and pessimism were also associated with actual BMI and risk of obesity, but the protective/risk effects were amplified when using reported weight to derive BMI.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that reported body weight tends to be accurate, but that biases associated with psychological dispositions may inflate the relation between the disposition and obesity. Such biases may extend to associations with other self‐reported factors thought to be related to optimism and pessimism.
Associations between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids, plasma stearoyl‐CoA desaturase indices and body fat
Authors: Vinknes Kathrine J. , Elshorbagy Amany K. , Drevon Christian A. , Nurk Eha , Tell Grethe S. , Nygård Ottar , Vollset Stein E. , Refsum Helga 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveStearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD)‐1 deficient mice are resistant to obesity and plasma SCD indices are related to obesity in humans. Both n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulate expression of the SCD enzymes. Whether higher plasma PUFA were associated with lower SCD indices in humans was examined.Design and MethodsPopulation‐based study of 2,021 elderly subjects from the Hordaland Health Study. Using multivariate linear regression, the cross‐sectional associations among plasma PUFA, estimated SCD indices (from fatty acid profiles in plasma total lipids), and fat mass measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry were explored. Two plasma SCD indices were used: SCD‐16 (16:1n‐7/16:0) and SCD‐18 (18:1n‐9/18:0).ResultsPlasma total, n‐6 and n‐3 PUFA were inversely associated with both SCD indices (P < 0.001 for all). Among the individual PUFA, 18:2n‐6 showed the strongest association with SCD‐16 (partial r = −0.59, P < 0.001) followed by 20:5n‐3 (partial r = −0.13; P < 0.001). Plasma total, n‐6 and n‐3 PUFA were inversely associated with body fat (P < 0.001 for all); the associations were markedly attenuated following adjustment for SCD‐16.ConclusionsThe epidemiological data are in line with animal studies and suggest that PUFA may decrease SCD1 activity in humans, with possible reduction in body fat.
Blood pressure assessment in severe obesity: Validation of a forearm approach
Authors: Leblanc Marie‐Éve , Croteau Sara , Ferland Annie , Bussières Jean , Cloutier Lyne , Hould Frédéric‐Simon , Biertho Laurent , Moustarah Fady , Marceau Simon , Poirier Paul 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveObesity is frequently associated with systemic hypertension. Blood pressure measure is inaccurate in severely obese patients because of poor cuff size fitting. The aim of the study is to assess the degree of agreement between the intra‐arterial method as the gold standard vs. noninvasive methods, i.e., forearm blood pressure and upper‐arm blood pressure measures.Design and MethodsA total of 1285 measures of intra‐arterial and forearm blood pressure were taken in 51 severely obese patients in a supine position in the operating and the recovery room. A subset of 352 upper‐arm measures were taken in the recovery room and compared to the intra‐arterial and the forearm methods.ResultsCorrelation between the intra‐arterial and the forearm measures was 0.90 (P < 0.001) for the 2570 data (systolic and diastolic). Compared to intra‐arterial, the forearm method overestimated systolic (6 ± 16 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and underestimated diastolic blood pressure (2 ± 11 mm Hg, P = 0.03). Compared to intra‐arterial, upper‐arm underestimated systolic (8 ± 16 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and overestimated diastolic blood pressure (9 ± 7 mm Hg, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe magnitude of differences between the intra‐arterial and forearm method was less than differences between the intra‐arterial and upper‐arm method. Our results suggest that forearm method may be a more accurate alternative to upper‐arm measurement to assess blood pressure in severely obese patients.
Chemotherapy medication errors in a pediatric cancer treatment center: Prospective characterization of error types and frequency and development of a quality improvement initiative to lower the error rate
Authors: Watts Raymond G. , Parsons Kerry 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy medication errors occur in all cancer treatment programs. Such errors have potential severe consequences: either enhanced toxicity or impaired disease control. Understanding and limiting chemotherapy errors are imperative.ProcedureA multi‐disciplinary team developed and implemented a prospective pharmacy surveillance system of chemotherapy prescribing and administration errors from 2008 to 2011 at a Children's Oncology Group‐affiliated, pediatric cancer treatment program. Every chemotherapy order was prospectively reviewed for errors at the time of order submission. All chemotherapy errors were graded using standard error severity codes. Error rates were calculated by number of patient encounters and chemotherapy doses dispensed. Process improvement was utilized to develop techniques to minimize errors with a goal of zero errors reaching the patient.ResultsOver the duration of the study, more than 20,000 chemotherapy orders were reviewed. Error rates were low (6/1,000 patient encounters and 3.9/1,000 medications dispensed) at the start of the project and reduced by 50% to 3/1,000 patient encounters and 1.8/1,000 medications dispensed during the initiative. Error types included chemotherapy dosing or prescribing errors (42% of errors), treatment roadmap errors (26%), supportive care errors (15%), timing errors (12%), and pharmacy dispensing errors (4%). Ninety‐two percent of errors were intercepted before reaching the patient. No error caused identified patient harm. Efforts to lower rates were successful but have not succeeded in preventing all errors.ConclusionsChemotherapy medication errors are possibly unavoidable, but can be minimized by thoughtful, multispecialty review of current policies and procedures. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;601320‐1324. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determining response and recurrence in pediatric B‐cell lymphomas of the bone
Authors: Borst Alexandra J. , States Lisa J. , Reilly Anne F. , Rheingold Susan R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrimary lymphomas of the bone are rare in children, but have an excellent response to therapy. Evaluating patients for remission and recurrence can be challenging given the difficulties of distinguishing healing bone from residual tumor on imaging. A review of imaging in patients treated for primary bone lymphoma (PBL) in one center was performed in an effort to determine best practice.MethodsTwelve cases of PBL diagnosed and treated from 2000 to 2011 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were identified. Information about presentation, histology, imaging, treatment, and outcomes was collected.ResultsThere were no recurrences of the primary bone tumor after therapy. One patient developed therapy‐related AML. Although PET‐avid lesions usually fell below a SUVmax of 3 within 3 months, low‐level SUVmax lesions often remained up to 12 months post‐therapy. At no point during therapy did radiographs, MRI, bone scans or CT of bones normalize, most remaining abnormal for several months to years. Patients were exposed to significant ionizing radiation, with estimated levels ranging from 9.5 to 183.1 mSv per patient. Over 10% of scans had incidental findings, which led to 17 extra imaging studies and 4 biopsies, but no clinically significant outcomes.ConclusionsIn our cohort, frequent imaging did not affect or improve outcome. Due to the low risk of relapse and high rate of repeated imaging for incidental findings, minimization of post‐therapy imaging should be considered. This modification in practice will significantly reduce radiation exposure, as well as potentially decrease parent and patient anxiety. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;601281‐1286. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling the phase‐transition in phase‐change materials
Authors: Kohary Krisztian , Wright C. David 
Published: March 2013

Abstractmagnified imagePhase‐change materials have a wide range of optical and electrical applications due to a unique combination of structural, electronic and optical properties. The phase transition between the crystalline and amorphous phases is a central physical process in devices based on phase‐change materials. In order to design and to develop future applications with novel functionalities we need to understand on the nanometre length scale and the (sub)nanosecond timescale the electrical, thermal and phase‐transition behaviour of phase‐change materials. At the nanoscale the phase‐transformation in phase‐change materials is governed by the chemical composition, atomic structure, and the input energy due to temperature (Joule heat), electric field and/or electronic excitations. Therefore, a successful phase‐change model should capture all these elements and predict the phase information as an output. We discuss the theoretical models that have been used to study and predict the crystallization of phase‐change materials that span the materials modelling spectrum from electronic/atomistic simulations (atomic behaviour) to microscopic and continuum models (bulk behaviour). Real applications and device design require the use of microscopic and continuum models due to large computational times of atomistic simulations. On the other hand the predictions provided by microscopic and continuum models depend on the chosen parameter set used to describe the phase transition. We stress the importance of ‘building bridges’ between atomistic and continuum modelling to design future phase‐change devices with novel and enhanced functionalities.
Synthesis of O‐Acyl Isopeptides
Authors: Sohma Youhei , Kiso Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractO‐Acyl isopeptides, in which the N‐acyl linkage on the hydroxyamino acid residue (e.g., Ser and Thr) is replaced with an O‐acyl linkage, generally possess superior water‐solubility to their corresponding native peptides, as well as other distinct physicochemical properties. In addition, O‐acyl isopeptides can be rapidly converted into their corresponding native peptide under neutral aqueous conditions through an O‐to‐N acyl migration. By exploiting these characteristics, researchers have applied the O‐acyl isopeptide method to various peptide‐synthesis fields, such as the synthesis of aggregative peptides and convergent peptide synthesis. This O‐acyl‐isopeptide approach also serves as a means to control the biological function of the peptide in question. Herein, we report the synthesis of O‐acyl isopeptides and some of their applications.