bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and fluorescent styrene co‐polymer nanofiber
Authors: Luna Eunice Sugirtharaj , Meenarathi Balakrishnan , Palanikumar Shanmugavel , Anbarasan Ramasamy 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFluorescent and magnetic poly(styrene) (PS) based random co‐polymer nanofiber was synthesized in a controlled manner via chemical polymerization in three steps. A fluorescent and magnetic nanohybrid {Fe3O4/Congored (CR)} was separately prepared and chemically grafted onto the epichlorohydrin (ECH) units of the random co‐polymer. Characterizations of the above synthesized polymers were done with the help of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) like analytical techniques. The FESEM results indicated that after the grafting of nanohybrid onto the random co‐polymer backbone, the polymer exhibited a nanofiber like morphology. Due to the surface functionalization and encapsulation reactions, the magnetic moment value of the nanohybrid and its nanocomposites were found to be reduced. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and fluorescent random co‐polymer based nanofiber is the primary target of the present investigation and its application is extended to the catalysis field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42796.
Treatment of melamine formaldehyde fibers for decontaminating biological and chemical warfare agents
Authors: Kocer Hasan B. , Ozkan Fatma , Broughton Roy M. , Worley Shelby D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe demand for protection against biological and chemical warfare agents has increased the need for unique protective materials. N‐halamines are superior candidates for this task by having rapid inactivation rates against a broad range of microorganisms and the ability to oxidize some pesticides and warfare agents to reduce their toxicity to humans. Thus, the design of N‐halamine materials having fibrous structure, high halogen loading capacity with enhanced stability, and being relatively inexpensive is very important. This study investigated the effect of acid treatment on the chlorine loading and stability of a commercial flame retardant melamine formaldehyde (MF) fiber to introduce biocidal and detoxifying properties. The fibers formed into a web were treated with diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) under various conditions. The fiber webs were chlorinated with household bleach, and the stability of bound chlorine was investigated. The treated fabrics have been tested against a Gram‐negative bacterium and a warfare stimulant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42799.
Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon black/sisal fiber/polyamide/polypropylene composites
Authors: He Hezhi , Cheng Shuwen , Lian Yeqi , Xing Yue , He Guangjian , Huang Zhaoxia , Wu Mingchun 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of hybrid fillers on the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of polyamide 6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) immiscible polymer blends were investigated. Carbon black (CB) and steam exploded sisal fiber (SF) were used as fillers. CB was coated on the surface of SF, and this was exploded by water steam to form carbon black modified sisal fiber (CBMSF). CB/SF/PA6/PP composites were prepared by melt compounding, and its electromagnetic SE was tested in low‐frequency and high‐frequency ranges. We observed that SF greatly contributed to the effective decrease in the percolation threshold of CB in the PA6/PP matrix and adsorbed carbon particles to form a conductive network. Furthermore, an appropriate CB/SF ratio was important for achieving the best shielding performance. The results indicate that CBMSF was suitable for use as electronic conductive fillers and the CB/SF/PA6/PP composites could be used for the purpose of EMI shielding. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42801.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene composite coatings with high water adhesion
Authors: Guo Yonggang , Wang Zhongying , Wu Haihong , Zhang Xia 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA facile casting method was used to fabricate superhydrophobic polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene composite coatings with high water adhesion. The water contact angles of the composite coatings were larger than 150 °, expressing superhydrophobic property. But water droplets pinned tightly on the composite coating, even if it was upside down. The X‐ray photoelectron spectrum analysis indicated that polyimide and polytetrafluoroethylene coexisted in the resulting coating. The observation with scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite coating formed lotus‐like structure with many spherical polyimide papillae randomly bonding on the surface. But the tops of the polyimide papillae were not covered by lance‐shaped Teflon fibres, forming an inhomogenous and discontinuous surface structure. This special surface chemical distribution and lotus‐like structure combined to contribute to the high adhesive superhydrophobicity. This simple method may greatly extend the application range of high adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces in microcontrollable and microfluidic application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42810.
A sensitive and selective LC‐MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of segetalin A from the plasma of rats
Authors: Wang Jianmeng , Zhang Nan , Pang Li , Xu Dahai , Yan Weiwei , Wu Jiang , Chen Haiyan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA sensitive and selective LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of segetalin A in rat plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished through a simple SPE procedure for the removal and preconcentration of the analyte and IS. Plasma samples were separated by HPLC on a Symmetry C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (70:30, v/v) with isocratic elution. The quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring with the transitions m/z 610.3 → 511.2 for segetalin A and m/z 779.4 → 751.4 for IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 8.0–4000 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 8.0 ng/mL. This method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of segetalin A in rats. For intravenous (i.v.) administration, the plasma concentrations of segetalin A decreased quickly (t1/2z, 1.31 ± 0.341 h). For oral administration, the plasma concentrations of segetalin A increased to a peak value at 1.50 ± 0.577 h, followed by a gradual decrease to the LOQ in 12 h. The mean AUC values after i.v. and oral administration were 553 ± 105 and 1482 ± 110 ng h/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Impact of a Media‐based Intervention to Prevent Intergroup Violence and Promote Positive Intergroup Relations in Burundi
Authors: Bilali Rezarta , Vollhardt Johanna Ray , Rarick Jason Ray David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe present study (N = 1074) examined the impact of a theory‐driven media intervention aimed at violence prevention and intergroup reconciliation in Burundi. We used a novel methodology utilizing audio‐based surveys to assess attitudes related to intergroup conflict and reconciliation among community members. We conducted a propensity score analysis to estimate the causal effects of the intervention by examining differences between listeners and non‐listeners of the radio dramas. The results indicated a positive effect of the intervention on several social psychological outcomes (tolerance, in‐group superiority, social distance, intergroup trust, responsibility attributions, trauma disclosure and competitive victimhood). However, listeners and non‐listeners did not differ in obedience toward leaders or historical perspective taking; and the results for active bystandership, one of the main foci of the intervention, were mixed. Furthermore, the results show that the impact of the intervention sometimes depends on listeners' personal experiences of victimization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Tale of Copper Coordination Frameworks: Controlled Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformations and Their Catalytic CH Bond Activation Properties
Authors: Chen Yifa , Feng Xiao , Huang Xianqiang , Lin Zhengguo , Pei Xiaokun , Li Siqing , Li Jikun , Wang Shan , Li Rui , Wang Bo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of microporous materials with well‐defined channels and rich functionalities, hold great promise for various applications. Yet the formation and crystallization processes of various MOFs with distinct topology, connectivity, and properties remain largely unclear, and the control of such processes is rather challenging. Starting from a 0D Cu coordination polyhedron, MOP‐1, we successfully unfolded it to give a new 1D‐MOF by a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation process at room temperature as confirmed by SXRD. We also monitored the continuous transformation states by FTIR and PXRD. Cu MOFs with 2D and 3D networks were also obtained from this 1D‐MOF by SCSC transformations. Furthermore, Cu MOFs with 0D, 1D, and 3D networks, MOP‐1, 1D‐MOF, and HKUST‐1, show unique performances in the kinetics of the CH bond catalytic oxidation reaction.
TeO2 Nanoparticle Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids: Their Preparation and Catalytic Activities in the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Li Qi , He Yi , Peng Rufang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTeO2 nanoparticle‐loaded graphitic carbon nitride hybrids (TeO2NPs/g‐C3N4) were successfully prepared by a calcination strategy. Various characterization and detection techniques were used to analyze its structure and properties. It was found that upon the addition of 10 wt.‐% of the as‐prepared hybrids, the onset decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) decreased by 104.4 °C. In addition, the addition of TeO2 NPs resulted in an increase in the surface area up to 8.8 m2 g–1 for g‐C3N4, which is three times larger than that of the bulk g‐C3N4 (2.8 m2 g–1). Furthermore, g‐C3N4 reacted with HClO4 by Lewis acid–base interaction, which resulted in separation of HClO4 from AP lattice. Notably, the separation of the HClO4 gas molecule led to continued decomposition of AP, as this decomposition reaction is reversible. With this in mind, a catalytic mechanism based on Lewis acid–base interaction was proposed to illustrate the catalytic process in the thermal decomposition of AP.
New Insight into a Deceptively Simple Reaction: The Coordination of bpy to RuII–Carbonyl Precursors – The Central Role of the fac‐[Ru(bpy)Cl(CO)3]+ Intermediate and the Chloride Rebound Mechanism
Authors: Balducci Gabriele , Iengo Elisabetta , Demitri Nicola , Alessio Enzo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis work demonstrates how a careful reexamination of well‐trodden fields can fill conceptual gaps that previously escaped full understanding. The coordination of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) to the known RuII–chlorido–carbonyl precursors – the dinuclear [RuCl2(CO)3]2 (P1) and the polymeric [RuCl2(CO)2]n (P2) – has been investigated by several groups in the past, and a remarkably large number of ruthenium–mono(bpy)–carbonyl compounds were identified and fully characterized. Many were investigated as catalysts or key intermediates for the photochemical, electrochemical, and photo‐electrochemical reduction of CO2, and for the water–gas shift reaction. Nevertheless, even though most – if not all – of the reaction products are known already, a careful examination of the literature led us to believe that a convincing general scheme interconnecting them all was still missing and important questions remained unanswered. For this reason, we investigated the reactivity of two mononuclear RuII–carbonyl–dmso precursors, trans,cis,cis‐[RuCl2(CO)2(dmso‐O)2] (P3) and fac‐[RuCl2(CO)3(dmso‐O)] (P4) – which can be considered as “activated forms” of P2 and P1, respectively – towards the coordination of bpy. Compounds P3 and P4 allowed us to gain new mechanistic insight and a deeper level of understanding. In particular, we found that coordination of bpy to P4 (or P1) generates first the tricarbonyl cation fac‐[Ru(bpy)Cl(CO)3]+. This key intermediate undergoes the facile and selective nucleophilic attack on the CO trans to Cl (by RO– in alcoholic solvents or OH– from adventitious water in other solvents), leading to all other species. We also demonstrated that Cl– – even when in large excess – is unable to replace a carbonyl on fac‐[Ru(bpy)Cl(CO)3]+. However, the chloride set free from the precursor competes efficiently with bpy for the coordination to RuII (chloride rebound mechanism).
Unexpected Reactivity of Red Phosphorus in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Paasch Silvia , Weiz Alexander , Ruck Michael , Brunner Eike 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Michael Ruck and Eike Brunner at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany. The cover image shows the enhanced reactivity of red phosphorus in the employed ionic liquid. Dissolved iodine molecules (yellow spheres) etch red phosphorus to form either molecular iodides like PI3 or phosphorus nanoparticles. The formation of the different species is monitored by liquid‐ (top) and solid‐phase (bottom) NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Allyl Carbamates through the Regioselective Domino Reaction of ­Amines, CO2, and Unsymmetrical Allyl Chlorides under Pd Catalysis
Authors: Cai Juewang , Zhang Min , Zhao Xiaoming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe regioselective domino reaction of CO2 (1 atm), amines, and unsymmetrical allyl chlorides in the presence of a palladium complex and K3PO4 under mild conditions to provide allyl carbamates in good yields with excellent regioselectivity (99:1) was accomplished.
CuAAC Synthesis and Anion Binding Properties of Bile Acid Derived Tripodal Ligands
Authors: Erzunov Dmitry A. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Averin Alexey D. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Lukashev Nikolay V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction was used for the preparation of a series of bis‐ and tris‐3‐ and 24‐5β‐cholanetriazolyl derivatives of phosphorus acids, which contained anion‐binding triazolium sites and hydrophobic cholane residues. The influence of the location of the triazolium moiety (in 3α‐, 3β‐position) on fluoride‐ion complexation was investigated. The anion‐binding properties of tris(triazolium) ligands were studied for a series of inorganic and organic anions and high complexation constants were observed with fluoride, hydrosulfate, and benzoate anions.
Azadioxatriangulenium: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Reactive Dyes for Bioconjugation
Authors: Bora Ilkay , Bogh Sidsel A. , Santella Marco , Rosenberg Martin , Sørensen Thomas Just , Laursen Bo W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAzadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) is a fluorescent triangulenium dye with a long fluorescence lifetime, highly polarized transitions and emission in the red part of the visible spectrum. These properties make the chromophore suited for application in fluorescence polarization/anisotropy assays. To be useful for these applications, reactive forms of the dyes must be available in significant quantities. Here, the synthesis and photophysical properties of amine‐reactive N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters and a thiol‐reactive maleimide derivative of ADOTA are reported. The synthesis involves two steps of nucleophilic bridge‐forming reactions starting from tris(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)methylium tetrafluoroborate, which can readily be prepared on a 100 g scale. In the third and final step the reactive NHS or maleimide groups are formed. The beneficial photophysical properties of the ADOTA chromophore are maintained in these derivatives, and we conclude that these systems are ideal to study protein motion and protein–protein interactions for systems of up to 1000 kDa.
Creation of an ultra scale‐down bioreactor mimic for rapid development of lignocellulosic enzymatic hydrolysis processes
Authors: Conroy Neil , Tebble Ian , Lye Gary J 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCellulosic bioethanol processes involve several steps, all of which require experimental optimisation. A significant aid to this research would be a validated ultra scale‐down (USD) model that could be used to perform rapid, wide ranging screening and optimisation experiments using limited materials under process relevant conditions.RESULTSIn this work, the use of 30 mL shaken conical tubes as a USD model for an enzymatic hydrolysis process is established. The approach is demonstrated for the hydrolysis of distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Results from the USD tubes closely mimic those obtained from 4 L stirred tanks, in terms of the rate, composition and concentrations of sugars released, representing an 80‐fold scale reduction. The utility of the USD approach is illustrated by investigating factors that may be limiting hydrolysis yields at high solids loadings. Washing the residual solids periodically during hydrolysis allowed 100% of the available sugar to be hydrolysed using commercially available enzymes.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that the USD system reported successfully mimics the performance of conventional stirred tanks under industrially relevant conditions. The utility of the system was confirmed through its use to investigate performance limitation using a commercially relevant feedstock. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative accuracy of preoperative tumor size assessment on mammography, sonography, and MRI: Is the accuracy affected by breast density or cancer subtype?
Authors: Leddy Rebecca , Irshad Abid , Metcalfe Allie , Mabalam Pramod , Abid Ahad , Ackerman Susan , Lewis Madelene 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare the accuracy of preoperative breast tumor size measurements obtained on three imaging modalities (mammography [MM], sonography [US], and MRI) with those obtained on final pathologic examination for different breast densities and various tumor types.MethodsRecords from patients who underwent breast cancer lumpectomy between 2008 and 2012 and in whom tumor was seen on all three imaging modalities were retrospectively reviewed for maximum tumor size measurements. Patients with positive tumor margins and those who had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Tumor size measurements obtained on the three imaging modalities were compared for accuracy with those obtained during the final pathologic examination. Differences were analyzed for the whole group and for subgroups according to breast density and tumor type.ResultsIn total, 57 patients were included, in whom wire‐localization lumpectomy was performed without neoadjuvant chemotherapy; negative surgical margins for tumor were obtained, and tumor was preoperatively visualized on all three imaging modalities. The mean (± SEM) tumor size measured on MRI was significantly greater than that measured on pathology (p < 0.001), whereas the sizes measured on US and MM were not statistically significantly different from that measured on pathology (p = 0.62 and p = 0.57). Tumor size measured on MRI was greater than that measured on both US and MM (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). Compared with the measurements obtained on pathology, that obtained on US showed moderate agreement (Lin concordance correlation coefficient [CCC], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.82); poorer agreement was found for the sizes obtained on MM (CCC, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.72) and MRI (CCC, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31–0.65). No difference in comparative accuracy of size measurement was noted between dense and nondense breast tissue. MRI overestimated tumor size in ductal cancers (p < 0.001) and slightly underestimated it in lobular cancers.ConclusionsPreoperative MRI significantly overestimated tumor size. Measurements obtained on US and MM were more accurate irrespective of breast density, with US measurements being slightly more accurate than MM measurements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:17–25, 2016
An imaging evaluation of the simultaneously integrated boost breast radiotherapy technique
Authors: Turley Jessica , Claridge Mackonis Elizabeth 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate in‐field megavoltage (MV) imaging of simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) breast fields to determine its feasibility in treatment verification for the SIB breast radiotherapy technique, and to assess whether the current‐imaging protocol and treatment margins are sufficient.MethodsFor nine patients undergoing SIB breast radiotherapy, in‐field MV images of the SIB fields were acquired on days that regular treatment verification imaging was performed. The in‐field images were matched offline according to the scar wire on digitally reconstructed radiographs. The offline image correction results were then applied to a margin recipe formula to calculate safe margins that account for random and systematic uncertainties in the position of the boost volume when an offline correction protocol has been applied.ResultsAfter offline assessment of the acquired images, 96% were within the tolerance set in the current department‐imaging protocol. Retrospectively performing the maximum position deviations on the Eclipse™ treatment planning system demonstrated that the clinical target volume (CTV) boost received a minimum dose difference of 0.4% and a maximum dose difference of 1.4% less than planned. Furthermore, applying our results to the Van Herk margin formula to ensure that 90% of patients receive 95% of the prescribed dose, the calculated CTV margins were comparable to the current departmental procedure used.ConclusionBased on the in‐field boost images acquired and the feasible application of these results to the margin formula the current CTV‐planning target volume margins used are appropriate for the accurate treatment of the SIB boost volume without additional imaging.