bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geotourist Potential Of Post-Mining Regions In Poland
Authors: Nita Jerzy , Myga-Piątek Urszula 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The current article will attempt to confirm that Polish post-mining areas are characterized by high cognitive and aesthetic values and that they have great geotourism potential, which has been little used so far. Tourism is regarded to be one of the most dynamically growing sectors of the global economy and is a phenomenon that occurs in the landscapes of all ecological and altitudinal zones. Geotourism is among the relatively recent types of tourism. Poland is a highly attractive country for geotourism. The aim of this article is to analyze the distribution and size of post-mining areas in Poland and, based on these analyses, to assess the geotourist potential of selected post-mining regions. Based on the distribution of natural resource mining sites and their potential and actual use in geotourism, the authors selected 20 actual and potential geotourist regions in Poland. These regions were divided into three basic categories based on their attractiveness.
Trends in the gameplay of European football players
Authors: Soroka Andrzej 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of footballers who participated in the 2008 and 2012 European Championships. The study was conducted by analysis of basic technical and tactical game.Material/Methods: The observation method in the form of a kinematic game analysis system was used to collect necessary data. The research material was based on analysis of 304 players participating in the 2008 European Championships and 277 players in the 2012 European Championships, with each tournament consisting of 31 matches. Statistica software was used to apply the Student’s t-test for the independent groups.Results: Higher values of indicators determining player’s efficiency were found in the teams participating in the 2012 tournament; significant differences were found in the total number (p = 0.048) and accuracy (p = 0.034) of shots taken by the most successful teams, in the number (p = 0.044), efficiency (p = 0.002) and accuracy (p < 0.001) of passes as well as in the length of distance covered (p < 0.001).Conclusions: A systematic increase in the efficiency of passes in subsequent tournaments points to an upward trend of this element in the game. An increase was also noted in the number of shots taken, which was accompanied by a decrease in shot accuracy. Modern football has become a fast team game with lots of passes of high reliability. Thus, training of young players should be focused on the development of playing techniques and motor skills
Evaluation of analgesic effectiveness of infrared radiation and interference currents in degenerative diseases
Authors: Kawa Malgorzata , Muszynska Ewa , Kowza-Dzwonkowska Malgorzata 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground: The aim of this research is to evaluate analgesic effectiveness of infrared radiation and interference currents in degenerative diseases of joints. On the grounds of current practical and theoretical experience, the following hypothesis was formed: Application of interference currents and infrared radiation constitutes effective analgesic therapy in degenerative diseases, and in the case of the applied treatment, its effectiveness is long-term.Material/Methods: Tests were conducted on a group consisting of 32 women and men in the age range of 65-87 years of age suffering from a degenerative disease of the knee joint. The patients were applied a series of 10 treatments with application of the Sollux lamp for 15 minutes and interference currents of 50-100 HZ frequency for 5 minutes and 90- 100 Hz for 10 minutes during treatment. Evaluation of the efficiency of therapy was checked by means of the VAS scale and the Laitinen scale.Results: The results indicate an efficient analgesic effect according to the VAS scale immediately after treatment p = 0.002 and a month after treatment p = 0.000 as well as according to the Laitinen scale immediately after treatment p = 0.004 and a month after treatment p = 0.004.Conclusions: Application of infrared radiation and interference currents indicates an analgesic effect. These treatments may be alternative or supportive to pharmacological treatment in the case of degenerative changes in people who are over 65 years of age. Results of the research suggest continuation of further research on the effectiveness of the above-mentioned therapy and the length of preserving analgesic results in people with degenerative diseases of joints
Students’ attitude to and motivation for outdoor life
Authors: Liepina Inga , Krauksta Daina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground: The aim of the research was to find out how the process of the study course Tourism at the Latvian Academy of Sport Education affects the formation of the students’ attitude towards outdoor life education.Material/Methods: In order to find it out, first of all, we clarified the students’ previous knowledge, understanding of outdoor education, as well as their previous outdoor life experience. The total number of participants was 97 students. Both theoretical and practical classes, as well as a five-day outdoor camp with various outdoor activities were included in the study course Tourism. The method of inquiry was used in the research.Results: The results of the first inquiries showed that students have very small previous outdoor life experience. The study course Tourism helped students develop a positive attitude and at least short-time motivation for the development of further outdoor experience.Conclusions: Research shows that Latvian Academy of Sport Education students’ prior outdoor living experience compared to experiences of other country students, such as Norway, the Czech Republic, or Sweden, is very small. The study course program Tourism increased students outdoor living experience. The course comprised a positive attitude and at least a temporary motivation for further formation of an outdoor experience. However, to ensure long-term motivation, further studies are required
The Curious Chasidic Pilgrimage to Lelov, Poland
Authors: Morawska Lucia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper discusses a Chasidic pilgrimage movement focused on Lelov, which lies south of Cracow. Pilgrimage has always been a major part of Jewish tradition, but for many years during the Cold War it was possible only for a devoted few to return to Poland. With the collapse of Communism, however, pilgrimage sites in Central and Eastern Europe have become much more accessible and consequently ultra-orthodox Jews have created a ‘return movement’.
The Conflicts of Identity: Nationalism in Post-Yugoslavian Macedonia
Authors: Clark James D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article looks at the challenges faced by Macedonia in creating a national identity since independence. After briefly reviewing the region’s history since the 7th century, the revolt for independence at the end of the 19th century, the interwar period when it was part of Serbia, and the Yugoslav era when Macedonia first attained a separate political existence, the article addresses the challenges the Slav Macedonians faced in creating an identity for the new state. Some of those challenges came from Serbia and Bulgaria, which claimed that the Macedonian Slavs were actually part of their respective nations, and from Greece, which objected to the symbols and the name they had adopted. The greatest resistance inside Macedonia to an exclusively Slavic national identity, however, came from the Albanian community, located mainly in the eastern reaches of the country and in Skopje. An unwillingness to share power or to make concessions by the Slav nationalists eventually resulted in armed insurrection by the Albanians in 2001. Though the Ohrid Accords signed the same year ended the fighting, tension between the two communities has continued on and off until the present, despite some examples of peaceful coexistence.
The League of Nations and Armenian Refugees. The Formation of the Armenian Diaspora in Syria
Authors: Gzoyan Edita 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The League of Nations played an important role in securing the Armenian community after the 1915 genocide of Armenians in Ottoman Turkey. Nonetheless, the Armenian Question, which had a definite political accent during the First and Second Assembly of the League of Nations, remained unresolved. Afterwards, the League reformulated its policy towards the Armenian case, which involved an explicit shift from a political to a humanitarian point of view.
The humanitarian actions had a number of different aspects: the liberation of the Armenian Genocide survivors from Turkish and Islamic institutions, the provision of Nansen passports to Armenian refugees, the settlement of Armenian refugees in Soviet Armenia and the establishment of Armenian communities in Syria and Lebanon.
This article touches upon these initiatives, concentrating on the settlement of the Armenians in Syria. The League of Nations elaborated a massive program for the settlement of Armenian refugees there, which laid a foundation for the establishment of the huge Armenian diaspora in that country.
Proinnovative Policy and the National Innovation System a case study from Poland
Authors: Kwieciński Leszek 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The article explores the main elements of the creation a proinnovation policy in Poland as a new case of public policy. It analyses the current status of proinnovation policy in Poland and the relationships implicit in the Polish National Innovation System. The findings support the conclusion that Polish proinnovation policy and the system through which it is enacted are at an early stage of development which is characteristic of co-called ‘catching-up’ countries. The findings show that there is a need for the strategic and holistic management of this type of sub-functional system to enable it to support SMEs in the development of their capacity for innovation. This should include a wide range of public and private institutions in the context of multi-stage governance.
Load Carrying Capacity of Metal Dowel Type Connections of Timber Structures
Authors: Gocál Jozef 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the load-carrying capacity calculation of laterally loaded metal dowel type connections according to Eurocode 5. It is based on analytically derived, relatively complicated mathematical relationships, and thus it can be quite laborious for practical use. The aim is to propose a possible simplification of the calculation. Due to quite a great variability of fasteners’ types and the connection arrangements, the attention is paid to the most commonly used nailed connections. There was performed quite an extensive parametric study focused on the calculation of load-carrying capacity of the simple shear and double shear plane nail connections, joining two or three timber parts of softwood or hardwood. Based on the study results, in conclusion there are presented simplifying recommendations for practical design.
Economic Functions Proposal of Urgency Prioritization of Investment Projects of Operated Railway Bridges
Authors: Pitoňák Martin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The main objective of the article is to describe the proposals of economic functions within the prioritization of urgency investments of operated railway bridges within a comprehensive evaluation of existing bridges. The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive assessment of existing bridges and to define determinants and determinants of decision-making and designing a mechanism of decision-making procedures of prioritized infrastructure measures in the form of repairs and reconstructions of bridges resulting from the records of supervising activities based not only on technical but also economic aspects to the railway infrastructure manager.
The Usability of Different Skid Resistance Characteristics in Road Assessment
Authors: Kováč Matúš , Kotek Peter 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The article was created as a reaction on the request of the Slovak Road Administration, whether it would be possible to evaluate level of friction on the road network only by using laser equipped device Profilograph GE, instead of by using longitudinal friction coefficient measuring device Skiddometer BV11, which is slow, much more difficult on operation and it is necessary to fulfil the water tank for measurements. In order to find out the answer, there were evaluated measurements performed on road sections in Slovakia for the past few years. The main goal was to compare results obtained by both devices, and to find a relevant correlation between them. For better understanding of the problematic and for the demonstration of disadvantages of some texture characteristics, there are performed a comparisons of the different parameters evaluated on model surface profiles in the end of this work.
Experimental Analysis of Stiffness of the Riveted Steel Railway Bridge Deck Members’ Joints
Authors: Gocál Jozef , Hlinka Richard , Jošt Jozef , Bahleda František 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with the real behaviour of the riveted steel railway bridge deck members’ connections with respect to their bending stiffness. Attention is paid to the stringer-to-cross beam connection as well as the cross beam-to-main girder connection. The stiffness of the two connections is investigated on the basis of evaluation of the experimentally determined stress response of the observed structural members to the actual traffic load on an existing railway bridge.
Back to Local Food in Urban Environment
Authors: Turiničová Zuzana 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Post is focused on problems of activities aimed at local food in urban environment. The theme is studied in the view of cultural changes in nutrition in Slovakia after 1989, affecting of global phenomena, incoming of giant international companies and importing foreign food. On the other side, there is also globalizations and glolocation view as an impulse for return to local food. Post is focused on different organizations, civic associations, activities and shops, through wich people in urban environment can gain local food.
A Territorial Perspective On Eu´S Leader Approach In Denmark: The Added Value Of Community-Led Local Development Of Rural And Coastal Areas In A Multi-Level Governance Settings
Authors: Thuessen Annette Aagaard , Nielsen Niels Christian 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the added value of the territorial governance approach LEADER in the multi-level governance setting of rural and coastal development. Using focus group interviews in five Danish rural and fisheries local action groups (LAGs) from the 2007-2013 programming period, the paper demonstrates that pursuing the LEADER method at the LAG level enhances rural development in the form of leverage, democratisation and bottom-up decision making that none of the other levels in the multi-level governance setup of LEADER would be able to provide. However, some of the method’s seven concepts are not fully used. Maintaining a focus on all of the method’s concepts could allow for even greater rural development.
Using forage litter to improve soil degradation of pure Betula platyphylla forest in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Trung Luc Nhu , Liu Zengwen , Zhang Xiaoxi , Bing Yuanhao , Zhu Bochao 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The long-term growth of pure forest is an important issue that affects stability and sustainable development of ecosystem, while using forage litter as fertilizer or directly establishing tree-grass complex vegetation may be the most effective prevention way. This study took the artificial pure forests of Betula platyphylla, which were widely distributed in the Loess Plateau of China, as the object and conducted a 120-day decomposition incubation experiment of forest humus soil mixed with seven common leguminous forage litters to study the effects of forage litters in controlling the degradation of soil biological and chemical properties of pure forests. The results showed that: by adding forage litter to the soil of pure B. platyphylla forest, litters of Lespedeza bicolor and Onobrychis viciaefolia improved the soil quality obviously, followed by Astragalus adsurgens and Melilotus officinalis, while Medicago sativa lead to obvious deterioration, followed by Vicia villosa and Coronilla varia.
An Attempt of Formalizing the Selection Parameters for Settlements Generalization in Small-Scales
Authors: Karsznia Izabela 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe paper covers one of the most important problems concerning context-sensitive settlement selection for the purpose of the small-scale maps. So far, no formal parameters for small-scale settlements generalization have been specified, hence the problem seems to be an important and innovative challenge. It is also crucial from the practical point of view as it is necessary to develop appropriate generalization algorithms for the purpose of the General Geographic Objects Database generalization which is the essential Spatial Data Infrastructure component in Poland.The author proposes and verifies quantitative generalization parameters for the purpose of the settlement selection process in small-scale maps. The selection of settlements was carried out in two research areas - in Lower Silesia and Łódź Province. Based on the conducted analysis appropriate contextual-sensitive settlements selection parameters have been defined. Particular effort has been made to develop a methodology of quantitative settlements selection which would be useful in the automation processes and that would make it possible to keep specifics of generalized objects unchanged.
Geophysical Surveys and Modelling for Recognizing of Gypsum Karst
Authors: Łój Monika , Gołębiowski Tomisław , Porzucek Sławomir 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGeophysical surveys are often used for examination of karst phenomena in limestone. This paper presents the research on gypsum karst which occurrence is much rarer. Non-invasive terrain surveys were carried out over known karst cavity in order to visualize karst phenomena developed around the void. Two geophysical methods that seems to be predestined for karst examination were selected, i.e. microgravimetry and georadar. For the interpretation of measured data numerical modelling was applied. Geophysical interpenetration depicted the presence of weathered material in the near surface zone and fractures and loose zones located over the karst cavity.
Reflotation of Coal Flotation Tailings using Foam Separation / Reflotace Černouhelných Flotačních Hlušin Pomocí Pěnové Separace
Authors: Juřicová Hana , Tichánek František 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Froth separation is one of the new methods of flotation process in mineral treatment. This method allows a substantial increase in the size upper limit of separated grains. The contribution deals with the verification of the possibility of using the froth separation for retreatment of flotation tailings. For laboratory research samples of flotation tailings from the Paskov Mine treatment complex were used. The results confirmed the ability of froth separation to convert coarse coal grains into a concentrate. Grains with a grain size of 0.5 mm were successfully reflotated.
Considerations Concerning the Stream of Heat Transferred from Rock Mass Into Mine Ventilation Air and the Utilization of this Heat by Means of Air Cooling Installation / Úvaha Týkající Se Přestupu Tepla Z Horninového Masívu Do Důlního Ovzduší A Použití Chladicích Zařízení K Využití Tohoto Tepla
Authors: Knechtel Józef 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the feasibility of utilization of the heat carried away with the air stream ventilating a mine after closing down mining operations. The problem is that, although the temperature of air flowing underground is rather high (above 35°C), the air temperature at the surface level drops to about 25°C. For that reason it was proposed to cool down the hot air underground and to transport the hot water from cooling machines to the surface level. However, such a solution is not realistic in closed-down mines. So, another idea was considered consisting in exploiting the thermal energy of the exhaust air stream in functioning mines. Further the cooling potential of Polish mines was surveyed. It emerged that for the mines with an active cooling potential in the range of a couple of MW it can be economically viable to transfer the gained thermal energy released due to surface condensation and to use that energy for communal heating.
Searching for old Mine Workings Through the use of Handheld Gnss Receivers / Vyhledávání Starých Důlních Děl Pomocí Ruční Aparatury Gnss
Authors: Mučková Jitka 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Old mine workings situated in a landscape pose a very serious problem from the point of view of people security and property protection. For that reason it is necessary to look for these mine workings and liquidate them. The use of handheld GNSS receivers is one of alternative methods of searching for old mine workings. The accuracy of handheld GNSS receives does not reach the level of accuracy of geodetic apparatuses, but it is sufficient for the purpose of searching for locations of old mine workings as is clear from the considerations given in this article. The test was performed at points of fundamental geodetic control.
Problems of Cooling Sealed Fire Areas in Underground Coal Mines / Vybrané Technologie Ochlazování Prostorově Uzavřených Požářišt̆ V Hlubinných Uhelných Dolech
Authors: Magnusková Jana , Matušková Simona , Bartoňová Jana , Pavelek Zdeněk 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In current mining practice, the most often used methods of cooling spatially sealed fire areas are: natural cooling, cooling by nitrogen, cooling by water and inert foam and cooling by combustion product recirculation. The technology of cooling with nitrogen represents two variants - the use of liquid nitrogen or nitrogen gas in the area of closed mine workings. From a technical and safety points of view the application of liquid nitrogen is today considered unsatisfactory, while the use of nitrogen gas seams to be highly safe technology for cooling explosion-proof sealed fire areas. Another possibility for cooling fire areas in deep coal mines is so-called natural cooling, where economical costs are indeed zero, but comparing to cooling processes induced by the application of cooling technologies a longer time period necessary for the natural refrigeration of fire areas causes financial losses.
Shifts of Trigonometric Points in the area affected by Mining Activities / Posuny Trigonometrických Bodů Na Území Ovlivněném Hornickou Činností
Authors: Mikoláš Marek , Mikoláš Milan , Zápalková Petra 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the underground mining of deposits, except the subsidence of layers also a horizontal shift occurs. The shift of trigonometric points is detected by the renewal of network. Formerly, the new triangulation of the overall area of interest has been carried out and since 1991 with the onset of modern observation techniques the GNSS technology has been used in full, which is not so time-consuming and economically demanding as triangulation works.