bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 beta-induced up-regulation of opioid receptors in the untreated and morphine-desensitized U87 MG human astrocytoma cells
Authors: Byrne Linda Staikos , Peng Jinsong , Sarkar Sraboni , Chang Sulie L 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can be produced in the central nervous system during inflammatory conditions. We have previously shown that IL-1β expression is altered in the rat brain during a morphine tolerant state, indicating that this cytokine may serve as a convergent point between the immune challenge and opiate mediated biological pathways. We hypothesized that IL-1β up-regulates opioid receptors in human astrocytes in both untreated and morphine-desensitized states.

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we compared the basal expression of the mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and kappa (KOR) opioid receptors in the human U87 MG astrocytic cell line to SH-SY5Y neuronal and HL-60 immune cells using absolute quantitative real time RT-PCR (AQ-rt-RT-PCR). To demonstrate that IL-1β induced up-regulation of the MOR, DOR and KOR, U87 MG cells (2 x 105 cells/well) were treated with IL-1β (20 ng/mL or 40 ng/mL), followed by co-treatment with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RAP) (400 ng/mL or 400 ng/mL). The above experiment was repeated in the cells desensitized with morphine, where U87 MG cells were pre-treated with 100 nM morphine. The functionality of the MOR in U87 MG cells was then demonstrated using morphine inhibition of forksolin-induced intracellular cAMP, as determined by radioimmunoassay.

Results
U87 MG cells treated with IL-1β for 12 h showed a significant up-regulation of MOR and KOR. DOR expression was also elevated, although not significantly. Treatment with IL-1β also showed a significant up-regulation of the MOR in U87 MG cells desensitized with morphine. Co-treatment with IL-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RAP) resulted in a significant decrease in IL-1β-mediated MOR up-regulation.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, affects opiate-dependent pathways by up-regulating the expression of the MOR in both untreated and morphine-desensitized U87 MG.
Effect of Bizhongxiao decoction and its dismantled formulae on IL-1 and TNF levels in collagen-induced arthritis in rat synovial joints
Authors: Guo Ya-jing , Chen Jiang , Xiong Xin-gui , Wu Dan , Zhu Hao , Liang Qing-hua 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, affects sufferers in many different ways. Treatment of this chronic condition is particularly challenging. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides alternatives. Bizhongxiao decoction (BZX) is a TCM complex, which has been used clinically for many years to treat RA. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of BZX decoction and its dismantled formulae on IL-1 and TNF-1 levels in rats with RA, and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Methods
Ninety healthy normal female SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal (control), model, BZX decoction, and the three dismantled formulae (I: heat-clearing and detoxication, II: dissipating dampness, and III: blood circulation promotion). Apart from the normal (control) group, the rats in each group were injected subcutaneously with bovine type II collagen and complete Freund adjuvant to establish a collagen-induced arthritis model, so that inhibition of foot swelling in the rats by BZX decoction and its dismantled formulae could be observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF in synovial joints at various time points.

Results
Twenty-one days after the model was established, the levels of TNF and IL-1 were significantly higher in the model group, BZX decoction group and dismantled formula groups I, II and III than in the normal controls (P < 0.05). The levels of these cytokines were significantly higher in the model group than the BZX decoction or the three dismantled formula groups (P <0.01). At longer times, the TNF and IL-1 levels in model group rose gradually; those in the BZX decoction and dismantled formula groups were gradually reduced. The cytokine levels in the BZX decoction group were lower than in the three dismantled formula groups and continued to decline.

Conclusions
BZX decoction and the three dismantled formulae examined down-regulated the inflammatory factors IL-1 and TNF in collagen-induced arthritis rat models, but BZX exerted the strongest effect.
Using antimicrobial adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment: a review
Authors: Alibek Kenneth , Bekmurzayeva Aliya , Mussabekova Assel , Sultankulov Bolat 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Recent clinical and pre-clinical data demonstrate that adjuvant antimicrobial therapy is beneficial in cancer treatment. There could be several reasons for this effect, which include treating cancer associated bacteria and viruses, prophylaxis of post-chemotherapy infections due to immunosuppression, and antiproliferative effect of certain antimicrobials. Targeting cancer associated viruses and bacteria with antimicrobial agents is currently used for gastric, cervical, hematopoietic, liver and brain cancer. However this treatment is effective only in combination with conventional therapies. Antimicrobials can also have a direct antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect, and can cause apoptosis. Moreover, some antimicrobials are known to be helpful in overcoming side effects of drugs commonly used in cancer treatment. Chemotherapy related bacteremia and neutropenia can be overcome by the appropriately timed use of antimicrobials. This review summarizes the data on the effects of antivirals and antibiotics on cancer treatment and describes their mechanisms.
Evaluation of the WHO revised criteria for classification of clinical disease severity in acute adult dengue infection
Authors: Jayaratne SD , Atukorale Vajini , Gomes Laksiri , Chang Thashi , Wijesinghe Tharindu , Fernando Sachie , Ogg Graham S , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The WHO guidelines were revised recently to identify patients with severe dengue (SD) early. We proceeded to determine the usefulness of the warning signs in the new WHO guidelines in predicting SD and we have also attempted to define other simple laboratory parameters that could be useful in predicting SD.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded in 184 patients in 2011, with confirmed dengue viral infections, admitted to a medical ward in two tertiary care hospitals in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Results
We found that the presence of 5 or more dengue warning signs were significantly (p = 0.02) associated with the development of SD (odds ratio 5.14, 95% CI = 1.312 to 20.16). The AST levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in patients with abdominal pain (mean 243.5, SD ± 200.7), when compared to those who did not have abdominal pain (mean 148.5, SD ± 218.6). Lymphocyte counts <1,500 cells/mm3 were significantly (p = 0.005) associated with SD (odds ratio 3.367, 95% CI 1.396 to 8.123). High AST levels were also significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with SD (odds ratio 27.26, 95% CI 1.632 to 455.2). Platelet counts <20,000cells/mm3, were again significantly associated (p < 0.001) with severe disease (odds ratio 1.632 to 455.2, 95% CI 3.089 to 14.71). The PCR was positive in 26/84 of the patients and we found that the infecting serotype was DEN-1 in all 26 patients.

Conclusions
The presence of 5 or more warning signs appears to be a predictor of SD. Lymphocyte counts <1,500 cells/mm3, platelet counts <20,000/mm3 and raised AST levels were associated with SD and could be used to help identify patients who are likely to develop SD.
A Comparison of the Prevalence of Chronic Disease Among People with and Without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Morin Diane , Mérineau-Côté Julie , Ouellette-Kuntz Hélène , Tassé Marc J. , Kerr Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSome studies have reported the presence of health disparities in people with intellectual disability. This study compared the prevalence of chronic health conditions between people with and without intellectual disability (ID). Health-related data for 791 people with ID were collected through a province-wide mail survey in Quebec, Canada. The distribution of chronic health conditions reported was compared to the data on the health status of the general population. People with ID had higher reported rates of heart disease and thyroid disorder than the general population. We also found that people with ID were less likely to report suffering from arthritis, migraines, back or spinal pain, and food allergies. Significant health differences were found when the ID sample was stratified by etiology (i.e., Down syndrome) and severity of intellectual deficits. We discuss these results and the need for future research to understand the differences found in the health status of people with ID.
Self-directed Support: Impact of Hiring Practices on Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Families
Authors: Heller Tamar , Arnold Catherine K. , van Heumen Lieke , McBride Elizabeth L. , Factor Alan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe study examined the differential experiences and outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families receiving self-directed services based on the type of personal support worker hired (parents, siblings, other relatives, friends, and agency staff). The sample consisted of 372 participants in a self-directed waiver program who used personal assistance services. Results indicated that the caregiver's satisfaction with the personal support worker, self-efficacy in managing personal support workers, and mental health varied significantly based on type of personal support worker hired. Also, the physical health and daily choice making of the adults with disabilities differed significantly by type of personal support worker hired.
Application of PEG based aqueous biphasic systems in extraction and separation of no-carrier-added 183Re from bulk tantalum
Authors: Dutta Binita , Lahiri Susanta , Tomar B. S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
No-carrier-added (nca) rhenium isotopes (182,182m,183Re) were produced by irradiation with 30 MeV α particles on natural tantalum target. The short-lived 182,182mRe were allowed to decay and long-lived nca 183Re was separated from bulk tantalum matrix by aqueous biphasic system (ABS) using 2 M solutions of nine different salts, namely, Na2SO4, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, Na2S2O3, Na2HPO4, Na2CO3, Na-citrate, Na-tartrate, and (NH4)2SO4 as salt rich phases against 50% (w/w) PEG-4000 as polymer rich phase at room temperature. The influence of temperature and thermodynamic parameters Δ Hº and Δ Sº were obtained for the partition of 183Re and tantalum in these systems. Nca 183Re was extracted in high amount in polymer rich phases irrespective of the salt rich phases. Bulk tantalum showed tendency to remain in salt rich phases. ABSs with PEG-4000 polymer rich phase in combination with Na2SO4, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, Na2HPO4, Na2CO3, Na-citrate and Na-tartrate as salt rich phases at basic pH and at ambient temperature (27 ºC) offered single-step separation between nca 183Re and bulk Ta. When Na2S2O3 and (NH4)2SO4 were used as salt rich phase, slight extraction of bulk tantalum was observed in PEG-4000 rich phase. The dynamic dissociation constant of 183Re-PEG-4000 complex was measured by dialysis of the PEG-rich phase against de-ionised water. The k
dissociation value was found as low as 0.0185 min−1. Therefore, it is possible to have pure 183Re in de-ionized water immediately after the dialysis.
Predictors of Persistence After a Positive Depression Screen Among Adolescents
Authors: Richardson Laura P. , McCauley Elizabeth , McCarty Carolyn A. , Grossman David C. , Myaing Mon , Zhou Chuan , Richards Julie , Rockhill Carol , Katon Wayne 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine predictors of depression persistence after a positive screening test to inform management protocols for screened youth.

METHODS:
We conducted a cohort study of 444 youth (aged 13–17 years) from a large health care delivery system. Youth with depressive symptoms, based on a 2-item depression screen, were oversampled for the baseline interview. Baseline assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) depression screen as well as clinical factors that were hypothesized to influence depression persistence (family history of depression, functional impairment, perceived social support, anxiety symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and medical comorbidity). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the persistence of depression at 6 months postbaseline.

RESULTS:
Of 113 youth with a positive baseline screen (PHQ-9 ≥11), 47% and 35% continued to be positive at 6-week and 6-month follow-up, respectively. After controlling for treatment status, only 2 factors were significantly associated with depression persistence at 6 months: baseline depressive symptom score and continuing to have a positive screen at 6 weeks. For each 1-point increase on the PHQ-9 score at baseline, youth had a 16% increased odds of continuing to be depressed at 6 months (odds ratio: 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.34). Youth who continued to screen positive 6 weeks later had almost 3 times the odds of being depressed at 6 months (odds ratio: 2.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–7.61).

CONCLUSIONS:
Depressive symptom severity at presentation and continued symptoms at 6 weeks postscreening are the strongest predictors of depression persistence. Patients with high depressive symptom scores and continued symptoms at 6 weeks should receive active treatment.
Heterogeneity of Responses to Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Its Implications for Application
Authors: Fonda Stephanie J. , Salkind Sara J. , Walker M. Susan , Chellappa Mary , Ehrhardt Nicole , Vigersky Robert A. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To characterize glucose response patterns of people who wore a real-time continuous glucose monitor (RT-CGM) as an intervention to improve glycemic control. Participants had type 2 diabetes, were not taking prandial insulin, and interpreted the RT-CGM data independently.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were from the first 12 weeks of a 52-week, prospective, randomized trial comparing RT-CGM (n = 50) with self-monitoring of blood glucose (n = 50). RT-CGM was used in 8 of the first 12 weeks. A1C was collected at baseline and quarterly. This analysis included 45 participants who wore the RT-CGM ≥4 weeks. Analyses examined the RT-CGM data for common response patterns—a novel approach in this area of research. It then used multilevel models for longitudinal data, regression, and nonparametric methods to compare the patterns of A1C, mean glucose, glycemic variability, and views per day of the RT-CGM device.

RESULTS
There were five patterns. For four patterns, mean glucose was lower than expected as of the first RT-CGM cycle of use given participants’ baseline A1C. We named them favorable response but with high and variable glucose (n = 7); tight control (n = 14); worsening glycemia (n = 6); and incremental improvement (n = 11). The fifth was no response (n = 7). A1C, mean glucose, glycemic variability, and views per day differed across patterns at baseline and longitudinally.

CONCLUSIONS
The patterns identified suggest that targeting people with higher starting A1Cs, using it short-term (e.g., 2 weeks), and monitoring for worsening glycemia that might be the result of burnout may be the best approach to using RT-CGM in people with type 2 diabetes not taking prandial insulin.
Two new gene mutations for late onset mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE)
Authors: Etienne Gathline , Shamseddine Khadijah , Pulley Michael , Milfred Fatima 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ptosis, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, gastroparesis cachexia, peripheral neuropathy, and diffuse leukoencephalopathy. MNGIE is rare and the prevalence is unknown, however, to date there have been 76 mutations reported in the TYMP gene associated with MNGIE. We report two novel mutations that have not been previously described in a patient with clinical MNGIE syndrome.
Hypnosis for cancer care: Over 200 years young
Authors: Montgomery Guy H. , Schnur Julie B. , Kravits Kate 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEHypnosis has been used to provide psychological and physical comfort to individuals diagnosed with cancer for nearly 200 years. The goals of this review are: 1) to describe hypnosis and its components and to dispel misconceptions; 2) to provide an overview of hypnosis as a cancer prevention and control technique (covering its use in weight management, smoking cessation, as an adjunct to diagnostic and treatment procedures, survivorship, and metastatic disease); and 3) to discuss future research directions. Overall, the literature supports the benefits of hypnosis for improving quality of life during the course of cancer and its treatment. However, a great deal more work needs to be done to explore the use of hypnosis in survivorship, to understand the mediators and moderators of hypnosis interventions, and to develop effective dissemination strategies. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Gender studies et études de genre : le gap
Authors: Downs Laura Lee , Rogers Rebecca , Thébaud Françoise 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Travail, genre et sociétés a demandé à trois historiennes – dont deux franco-américaines – de réfléchir ensemble à la question « pourquoi et comment les études de genre, les études sur la sexualité, sur les femmes, se sont développées de manière si différente de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique ? » Plusieurs dimensions de la question sont abordées dans l’entretien à trois voix qui résulte de cette demande : l’idée d’un retard français dans ce domaine par rapport à l’avancée américaine ; blocages et résistances institutionnelles ; rôle des revues et des réseaux d’ami-e-s ou de militant –e-s dans la circulation transatlantique des idées ; pluralité d’approches qui caractérise ces études de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique. Au travers de cette discussion riche et variée, on voit clairement le rôle pionnier qu’ont joué les études de genre dans l ‘évolution épistémologique des sciences humaines depuis les années 1970.
Bioinformatic and Empirical Analysis of Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Targets of the Human Antituberculosis T Cell Response
Authors: Gideon Hannah P. , Wilkinson Katalin A. , Rustad Tige R. , Oni Tolu , Guio Heinner , Sherman David R. , Vordermeier H. Martin , Robertson Brian D. , Young Douglas B. , Wilkinson Robert J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We analyzed whole genome–based transcriptional profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subjected to prolonged hypoxia to guide the discovery of novel potential Ags, by a combined bioinformatic and empirical approach. We analyzed the fold induction of the 100 most highly induced genes at 7 d of hypoxia, as well as transcript abundance, peptide-binding prediction (ProPred) adjusted for population-specific MHC class II allele frequency, and by literature search. Twenty-six candidate genes were selected by this bioinformatic approach and evaluated empirically using IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISPOT using immunodominant Ags (Acr-1, CFP-10, ESAT-6) as references. Twenty-three of twenty-six proteins induced an IFN-γ response in PBMCs of persons with active or latent tuberculosis. Five novel immunodominant proteins—Rv1957, Rv1954c, Rv1955, Rv2022c, and Rv1471—were identified that induced responses similar to CFP-10 and ESAT-6 in both magnitude and frequency. IL-2 responses were of lower magnitude than were those of IFN-γ. Only moderate evidence of infection stage–specific recognition of Ags was observed. Reconciliation of bioinformatic and empirical hierarchies of immunodominance revealed that Ags could be predicted, providing transcriptomic data were combined with peptide-binding prediction adjusted by population-specific MHC class II allele frequency.
Gelykenisse in konteks: Aantekeninge oor Matteus 24:45–25:30
Authors: Botha P.J.J 
Published: November 2012

Parables in conte:d: some comments on Matthew 24:45-25:30 The three parables in Matthew 24:45-25:30 are usually read as advice to the church on how to behave while waiting for the return of the Lord. An alternative reading is proposed in this article: Matthew discusses the relationship between various Jewish groups, explaining who the disciples of the Kingdom are and why fonnative Judaism, competing for the allegiance of Jews of the late first century, is not a viable option for the future of Israel's inheritance.
Johan Heyns and the class of '51 – prolegomena to a story of people who got hurt
Authors: Landsman C 
Published: November 2012

Johan Heyns and the class of '51 - prolegomena to a story of people who got hurt This article consists of three parts. In the first part a story is told of Johan Heyns and some of the men who shared with him the final year of theologi-cal training at the University of Pretoria in 1951. In the second part prolegomena to the telling of a new story of Johan Heyns are explained. Finally this new story is told by using the voices of six people - students, colleagues andfamily - who interrupt each other's voice on Johan Heyns, thereby undermining the popular ideal amongst local church historians that religion biography can and should recreate a complete and consistent image of a person's (moral) reality.
Traditional African economies in conflict with western capitalism
Authors: Pauw C.M. 
Published: November 2012

Traditional Mrican economies in conflict with western capitalism Some of the fundamental differences between two economic systems which, by and large, have come into conflict with one another in Africa south of the Sahara are analised, i e traditional African economies and western, capitalist oriented economies. The dire economic conditions prevailing in Africa are the result, to a large extent, of a long history of exploitation and economic disempowerment particularly by western powers. Not all the strategies and programs to counter this poverty are equally appropriate or acceptable. In the meantime a unique coping mechanism is developing, particularly within African Independent Churches which may provide some answers.
Forensic Metaphors in Romans and their soteriological significance
Authors: Du Toit A B 
Published: November 2012

Previous studies on legal references in Paul concentrated almost exclusively on matters of civil law. A study of five important passages in Romans and an overview of the rest of Romans indicate that this letter contains an unusual number of forensic metaphors and that Paul, in Romans, packaged his soteriology within a forensic setting. This suggests that he deliberately created an implicature, inviting his readers to compare the iustitia Dei with the iustitia romana. Contrary to the latter, which was expected to function on the basis of equity and with which Paul’s addressees were all too well acquainted, the iustitia Dei proves to be astonishingly unconventional. This judge operates with grace. Ironical as it may seem, exactly by using forensic imagery, Paul completely delegalized the Christian message.