bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Resolution of Menthylamine with Inexpensive (R,R)‐Tartaric Acid by Dielectrically Controlled Resolution (DCR)
Authors: Schmitt Magdalena , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA practical procedure for the resolution of menthylamine 2 with (R,R)‐tartaric acid [(R,R)‐3] as resolving agent is presented. Variation of the solvent system allows both enantiomers of 2 to be selectively crystallized. Performing the resolution in methanol containing 6 % water leads to (–)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH. The other, less‐soluble diastereomeric salt is obtained by applying a solvent system consisting of methanol with 19 % water with a yield of 14 %. Subsequent basic workup with aqueous sodium hydroxide gave the free menthylamine compounds. Further workup of the mother liquors and an additional recrystallization step allowed the (–)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH salt to be obtained in an overall yield of 22 %; the other salt (+)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH·H2O was obtained in 23 % yield. This is another important example of the dielectrically controlled resolution of an interesting amine by using inexpensive (R,R)‐tartaric acid as resolving agent.
Electroanalytical Performance of a Freestanding Three‐Dimensional Graphene Foam Electrode
Authors: Figueiredo‐Filho Luiz C. S. , Brownson Dale A. C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe electroanalytical performance of a freestanding three‐dimensional (3D) quasi‐graphene macrostructure is evaluated and benchmarked towards model analytes in aqueous solutions. Due to the freestanding 3D graphene foam exhibiting near‐super‐hydrophobicity and consequently giving rise to poor voltammetric signatures in aqueous solutions (Brownson et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 5962), we explore a ‘washing’ pretreatment procedure to reduce the hydrophobic behaviour of the 3D graphene macrostructure in order to try and allow its effective application in such cases. Herein, the electrochemical properties and resultant electroanalytical performance of the pretreated 3D graphene foam (3D‐GF) is critically explored and compared to a freestanding 3D reticulated vitreous carbon (3D‐RVC) foam alternative towards the sensing of a range of important analytes via cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solutions; namely, uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (AP) and dopamine hydrochloride (DA). It is found that the 3D‐RVC exhibits improved electroanalytical characteristics with larger linear ranges and lower limit of detections achievable over that of the 3D‐GF towards the target analytes. This work provides a vital insight into electroanalysis using 3D graphene and carbon foams.
The Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Graphene Modified Electrodes
Authors: Randviir Edward P. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied in acidic media utilising various graphene modified carbon electrodes including pristine graphene, Graphene Oxide (GO) and Q‐Graphene which are compared and contrasted against unmodified edge‐ and basal‐ plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes (EPPG and BPPG, respectively). The ORR is found to be highly dependent upon the material’s characteristics where a range of activities are observed; in terms of the smallest (least negative) reduction potential, the relative reactivities are ordered as follows: GO>Q‐Graphene>EPPG>BPPG>Pristine graphene. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of two parameters: i) the density of oxygenated species present and their composition; and ii) the density of edge plane‐like sites. Electrochemical analysis reveals that despite the observed variation in peak potentials from the modification with various graphenes, the underlying ORR mechanism in acidic media proceeds via the 2 electron process forming hydrogen peroxide. Insights from this work are highly important as it allows researchers to understand the electrochemistry of graphene in the ORR which has importance in energy generation and where graphene is used per se and also as fuel cell catalyst supports.
Role of biomaterials in prevention of in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Laçin Nelisa T. , Utkan Guldem G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCoronary balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting are the procedures used in healing coronary artery disease. However, injury of arteries during angioplasty and stenting causes cell stimulations in tissue. Cell movement and thrombosis lead to re‐narrowing of widened vessel called restenosis. Several new types of carriers and technology have been developed to suppress and/or prevent restenosis. Authors review the polymeric materials featured in drug/gene carrier systems, nanovehicles, and stent coating materials against restenosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1113–1120, 2014.
In vivo testing of silver treated fibers for the evaluation of skin irritation effect and hypoallergenicity
Authors: Paladini F. , Sannino A. , Pollini M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTextiles are a fertile breeding ground for a multitude of micro‐organisms under appropriate conditions of moisture and temperature. The broad‐spectrum biocide properties of silver are well known and many technologies have been developed so far to treat textiles with silver. The efficacy of the silver deposition technology presented in this article has been already demonstrated in previous works, where the strong adhesion of silver nanoparticles to the substrate and their antibacterial capability have been assessed. This work focuses on the evaluation of any possible interaction of silver treated cotton with human skin, in terms of skin irritation and hypoallergenicity. Moreover, the presence of silver and the antibacterial capability against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were verified even after several washing cycles in order to develop a product with long‐term antibacterial capability and no adverse effects in terms of skin irritation and hypoallergenicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1031–1037, 2014.
Labeled oxazaphosphorines for applications in mass spectrometry studies. 2. Synthesis of deuterium‐labeled 2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamides and 2‐ and 3‐dechloroethylifosfamides
Authors: Springer James B. , Colvin O. Michael , Ludeman Susan M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe prodrugs cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) each metabolize to an active alkylating agent through a cytochrome P450‐mediated oxidation at the C‐4 position. Competing with this activation pathway are enzymatic oxidations at the exocyclic α and α′ carbons, which result in dechloroethylation of CP and IF. The incidence of oxidation at one position relative to another is believed to be at least one factor underlying the high degree of interpatient variability in both CP and IF pharmacokinetics. As standards for the mass spectrometry quantification of dechloroethylation, the following were synthesized: (1) [4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (equivalent to [4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐3‐dechloroethylifosfamide); (2) [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (equivalent to [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐3‐dechloroethylifosfamide); and (3) [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐2‐dechloroethylifosfamide. The common precursor to all of the target compounds was [2,2,3,3‐2H4]‐3‐aminopropanol. A one‐pot reaction of this compound with POCl3 and unlabeled or labeled 2‐chloroethylamine hydrochloride gave the d4 and d6 labeled 2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamides. The construction of the 2‐dechloroethylifosfamide from the aminopropanol required five discreet steps. Optimization of the synthetic pathways and stability studies are discussed.
Rate of soil‐aggregate formation under different organic matter amendments—a short‐term incubation experiment
Authors: Andruschkewitsch Rouven , Geisseler Daniel , Dultz Stefan , Joergensen Rainer‐Georg , Ludwig Bernard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo improve soil structure and take advantage of several accompanying ecological benefits, it is necessary to understand the underlying processes of aggregate dynamics in soils. Our objective was to quantify macroaggregate (> 250 μm) rebuilding in soils from loess (Haplic Luvisol) with different initial soil organic C (SOC) contents and different amendments of organic matter (OM) in a short term incubation experiment. Two soils differing in C content and sampled at 0–5 and 5–25 cm soil depths were incubated after macroaggregate destruction. The following treatments were applied: (1) control (without any addition), (2) OM1 (addition of OM: preincubated wheat straw [< 10 mm, C : N 40.6] at a rate of 4.1 g C [kg soil]–1), and (3) OM2 (same as (2) at a rate of 8.2 g C [kg soil]–1). Evolution of CO2 released from the treatments was measured continuously, and contents of different water‐stable aggregate‐size classes (> 250 μm, 250–53 μm, < 53 μm), microbial biomass, and ergosterol were determined after 7 and 28 d of incubation. Highest microbial activity was observed in the first 3 d after the OM application. With one exception, > 50% of the rebuilt macroaggregates were formed within the first 7 d after rewetting and addition of OM. However, the amount of organic C within the new macroaggregates was ≈ 2‐ to 3‐fold higher than in the original soil. The process of aggregate formation was still proceeding after 7 d of incubation, however at a lower rate. Contents of organic C within macroaggregates were decreased markedly after 28 d of incubation in the OM1 and OM2 treatments, suggesting that the microbial biomass (bacteria and fungi) used organic C within the newly built macroaggregates. Overall, the results confirmed for all treatments that macroaggregate formation is a rapid process and highly connected with the amount of OM added and microbial activity. However, the time of maximum aggregation after C addition depends on the soil and substrate investigated. Moreover, the results suggest that the primary macroaggregates, formed within the first 7 d, are still unstable and oversaturated with OM and therefore act as C source for microbial decomposition processes.
Band reporting probabilities of mallards, American black ducks, and wood ducks in eastern North America
Authors: Garrettson Pamela R. , Raftovich Robert V. , Hines James E. , Zimmerman Guthrie S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTEstimates of band reporting probabilities are used for managing North American waterfowl to convert band recovery probabilities into harvest probabilities, which are used to set harvest regulations. Band reporting probability is the probability that someone who has shot and retrieved a banded bird will report the band. This probability can vary relative to a number of factors, particularly the inscription on the band and the ease with which it can be reported. Other factors, such as geographic reporting region, and species and sex of the bird may also play a role. We tested whether reporting probabilities of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and American black ducks (black ducks; Anas rubripes) differed from those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and whether band reporting varied geographically or by the sex of the banded bird. In the analysis of spatially comparable wood duck and mallard data, a band reporting probability of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.67–0.78) was appropriate for use across species, sex, and reporting region within the United States. In the black duck–mallard comparison, the band reporting probability of black ducks in Eastern Canada (0.50, 95% CI = 0.44–0.57) was lower than in the Eastern United States (0.73, 95% CI = 0.62–0.83). These estimates reflected an increase in overall band reporting probability following the addition of a toll‐free telephone number to band inscriptions. Lower reporting in Eastern Canada may be because of cultural, linguistic, or logistical barriers. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The nasal cycle during wakefulness and sleep and its relation to body position
Authors: Rohrmeier Christian , Schittek Silke , Ettl Tobias , Herzog Michael , Kuehnel Thomas S. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the occurrence, duration, and relative amplitudes of the nasal cycle (NC) during wakefulness and sleep, and to investigate the relationship of the NC to body position.Study Design/MethodsIn 20 healthy subjects, the NC was measured by long‐term rhinoflowmetry for an average 23.1 hours during wakefulness and sleep. Head and body position were also recorded during the night.ResultsA classic NC was displayed by 50% of subjects during wakefulness and by 75% of the subjects during sleep. Cycle duration during wakefulness was 91.1 minutes (± 65.2; 20–337), increasing significantly during sleep to 178 minutes (± 92.8; 21–498) (P < 0.01). The relative mean flow of the working phase during wakefulness was 67.6% (± 8.0; 58–90), and it was significantly higher during sleep at 82.0% (± 6.8; 63–93) (P < 0.01). On recumbency, there was a significant correlation between body position and resting phase side (r = 0.67; P = 0.024). To a significant extent, positional shifts led to subsequent NC laterality changes (22%; P < 0.01). Conversely, to a significant extent, positional shifts preceded NC laterality changes (57.6%; P < 0.01). Body position changed in a nonsignificant number of cases (30.3%; P = 0.16) due to reversal of the congestion side of the inferior turbinates.ConclusionThe results of our study show that the NC during sleep is characterized by longer cycle durations and greater amplitudes than during wakefulness on normal physical activity. Shifts in body position during sleep alter the NC in a specific direction to a significant extent, but the opposite is not the case.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1492–1497, 2014
Comparison of the AJCC N staging system in mucosal and cutaneous squamous head and neck cancer
Authors: Brunner Markus , Ng Beverly C. , Veness Michael J. , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) substantially changed the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in the seventh edition of its staging manual. Given that oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (mSCC) and cSCC behave differently and affect different patient populations, the aim of this study was to provide a side‐by‐side comparison and to evaluate the current nodal (N) grouping for cSCC alongside oral mSCC to determine whether the same system is justifiedStudy DesignRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.MethodsMultivariable analysis of 672 patients with metastatic cSCC and of 225 patients with metastatic mSCC from two prospective cancer‐center databases.ResultsWhile, as expected, the N grouping functioned well in mSCC in terms of distribution and stratification of patients, it performed much less favorably in cSCC. In contrast to mSCC, the different N groups demonstrate much less prognostic importance in cSCC.ConclusionAlthough the introduction of a unified N system for mSCC and cSCC has definite advantages, it does not translate into optimal distribution and stratification for metastatic cSCC.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1598–1602, 2014
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a novel‐potential marker for predicting prognosis of Bell palsy
Authors: Bucak Abdulkadir , Ulu Sahin , Oruc Serdar , Yucedag Fatih , Tekin Mustafa Said , Karakaya Fatıma , Aycicek Abdullah 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisBell palsy can be defined as an idiopathic, acute, facial nerve palsy. Although the pathogenesis of Bell palsy is not fully understood, inflammation seems to play important role. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NLR) ratio was defined as a novel potential marker to determine inflammation and it is routinely measured in peripheral blood. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between Bell palsy and inflammation by using NLR.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe 54 patients who were followed up for Bell palsy for a period of 1 to 3 years, along with 45 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, were included in the study. An automated blood cell counter was used for NLR measurements. All patients were treated with prednisone, 1 mg/kg per day with a progressive dose reduction. Patients were classified according to the House‐Brackmann grading system at posttreatment period. Those with House‐Brackmann grade I and grade II were regarded as satisfactory recovery; and those with House‐Brackmann grade III to grade VI were regarded as nonsatisfactory recovery.ResultsThe mean NLR and neutrophil values in patients with Bell palsy were significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, NLR levels were higher in nonsatisfactory recovered patients compared with satisfactory recovered ones (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study investigating the relationship between NLR levels and Bell palsy and its prognosis. Our result suggest that while evaluating Bell palsy patients, NLR might be taken into account as a novel potential marker to predict the patients' prognosis.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:1678–1681, 2014
In vitro digestion of soluble cashew proteins and characterization of surviving IgE‐reactive peptides
Authors: Mattison Christopher P. , Grimm Casey C. , Wasserman Richard L. 
Published: December 2013

ScopeThe stability of food allergens to digestion varies. We characterized the stability of cashew allergens to digestion by pepsin and trypsin and identified IgE‐binding epitopes that survive digestion.Methods and resultsThe ability of pepsin and trypsin to digest cashew allergens was assessed with an in vitro digestion model. Samples were evaluated by SDS‐PAGE, MS, ELISA, and immunoblotting to compare IgE binding. Increasing amount of protease resulted in greater degradation of higher molecular weight cashew proteins. Among cashew proteins, the 2S albumin, Ana o 3, was most resistant to digestion by both pepsin and trypsin. MS identified digestion resistant Ana o 3 protein fragments that retained reported IgE‐binding epitopes. Pretreatment of extracts or purified Ana o 3 with reducing agent increased the sensitivity of Ana o 3 to protease digestion. Circular dichroism revealed the structure of purified Ana o 3 was largely alphahelical and was disrupted following reduction. Ana o 3 reduction followed by protease digestion decreased binding of serum IgE from cashew allergic patients. Our results indicate that the Ana o 3 disulfide bond dependent structure protects the protein from proteolysis.ConclusionAna o 3 is the cashew allergen most likely to survive gastrointestinal digestion intact.
Lignans 7‐hydroxymatairesinol and 7‐hydroxymatairesinol 2 exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Spilioti Eliana , Holmbom Bjarne , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Moutsatsou Paraskevi 
Published: December 2013

ScopeIn the present study, we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory properties of several plant lignans most commonly distributed in foods. 7‐Hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) and its major isomer 7‐hydroxymatairesinol 2 (HMR2), lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and pinoresinol, isolated from Norway spruce knots were examined.Methods and resultsWe investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of lignans on tumor necrosis factor‐α‐treated human aortic endothelial cells by measuring the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 by cell ELISA and the adhesion of U937 monocytes to activated endothelial cells using a cell adhesion assay. Among the lignans studied, HMR and HMR2 significantly reduced intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 levels as well as the adhesion of U937 to endothelial cells. To further characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation, the effect of HMR and HMR2 on nuclear factor‐κB, SAPK/c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase phosphorylation was assessed.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the lignans HMR and HMR2, dominant in cereals such as in wheat, triticale, oat, barley, millet, corn bran, and in amaranth whole grain, exhibit strong anti‐inflammatory properties in endothelial cells, at least in part, through attenuation of nuclear factor‐κB and extracellular signal regulated kinase phosphorylation.
Impact of EPA ingestion on COX‐ and LOX‐mediated eicosanoid synthesis in skin with and without a pro‐inflammatory UVR challenge – Report of a randomised controlled study in humans
Authors: Pilkington Suzanne M. , Rhodes Lesley E. , Al‐Aasswad Naser M. I. , Massey Karen A. , Nicolaou Anna 
Published: December 2013

ScopeEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abundant in oily fish, is reported to reduce skin inflammation and provide photoprotection, potential mechanisms include competition with arachidonic acid (AA) for metabolism by cyclooxygenases/lipoxygenases to less pro‐inflammatory mediators. We thus examine impact of EPA intake on levels of AA, EPA and their resulting eicosanoids in human skin with or without ultraviolet radiation (UVR) challenge.Methods and resultsIn a double‐blind randomised controlled study, 79 females took 5 g EPA‐rich or control lipid for 12 wk. Pre‐ and post‐supplementation, red blood cell and skin polyunsaturated fatty acids were assessed by GC, and eicosanoids from unexposed and UVR‐exposed skin by LC‐MS/MS. Active supplementation increased red blood cell and dermal EPA versus control (both p < 0.001), lowering relative AA:EPA content (4:1 versus 15:1 and 5:1 versus 11:1, respectively; both p < 0.001). Pre‐supplementation, UVR increased PGE2, 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, 12‐HEPE (all p < 0.001) and PGE3 (p < 0.05). Post‐EPA, PGE2 was reduced in unchallenged skin (p < 0.05) while EPA‐derived PGE3 (non‐sign) and 12‐HEPE (p < 0.01) were elevated post‐UVR. Thus, post‐EPA, PGE2:PGE3 was lower in unchallenged (12:1 versus 28:1; p < 0.05) and UVR exposed (12:1 versus 54:1; p < 0.01) skin; 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids:12‐HEPE was lower in UVR‐exposed skin (3:1 versus 11:1; p < 0.001).ConclusionDietary EPA augments skin EPA:AA content, shifting eicosanoid synthesis towards less pro‐inflammatory species, and promoting a regulatory milieu under basal conditions and in response to inflammatory insult.
Photonic electric field sensor based on polymeric microspheres
Authors: R. Ali Amir , Ioppolo Tindaro , Ötügen Volkan , Christensen Marc , MacFarlane Duncan 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe detection of electric field by monitoring the optical whispering gallery mode shifts of polymeric microspheres is demonstrated. Two types of spheres are considered; (i) a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sphere with 60 parts base silicon elastomer‐to‐1 part polymer curing agent by volume and; (ii) a silica sphere coated with a PDMS (uncured) base. The optical mode shifts are caused by perturbations to the resonator morphology induced by electrostriction effect in the presence of an external electric field. Preliminary experiments show that the latter microsphere yields higher sensitivity (0.027 pm/V m−1) with a measurement precision of ∼1.8 V/m. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 276–279