bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La inflación y el ingreso de los recolectores de desechos sólidos inorgánicos reciclables de la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Silva Naranjo Aaron , Morán Montalvo Christian , Cárdenas Zambrano Carlos , Macuy Calle José , Behr Gutiérrez Judit 
Published: July 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Esta investigación analiza los ingresos de familias dedicadas al reciclaje de desechos urbanos. El problema existente es la menor celeridad en los indicadores de empleo en Guayaquil, motivo por el cual se ha considerado el reciclaje como una fuente de trabajo. El objetivo de esta investigación fué determinar el ingreso promedio de los recolectores de material reciclaje en la ciudad, esto a fin de comparar dicha variable con la variable inflación mensual, y establecer la correlación entre ambas. Es una investigación cuantitativa, con enfoque inductivo, de campo, con corte transversal y no experimental. Si existe una correlación entre ambas variables, pero esta no es significativa. Además se determinó que los recolectores presentan una edad promedio de 55 años y tuvieron oficios anteriores. Sus ingresos bordean 10% por encima de una remuneración mínima vital general, pero en un 19% menor a la canasta básica que determina la línea de pobreza. </span></p></div></div></div>
Cuando <i>Oliver se dio un beso con otro niño, con su mejor amigo, Dick</i>: lenguajes literarios y lenguajes violentos dirigidos a jóvenes LGBTQ en el sistema escolar
Authors: Pulecio Mauricio 
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes the way in which homophobic offensive language perpetuates discrimination against LGBTQ youth in the school system. Although it exemplifies a global problem, the Colombian case articulates a local answer. Results from fieldwork conducted by the author in elite high schools in Bogotá are shown to illustrate how verbal expressions of hate permeate the educational realm. Also, some literary pieces are studied, especially those from the poet and novelist Fernando Molano Vargas (1961-1998). The inclusion of his works in educational curricula is advocated. Literary language is opposed to hate language, to express ways to resist the latter that are able to legitimate non-heterosexual affects.
Liderazgo de mujeres en el Valle del Cauca: cotidianidades y tensiones entre lo público y lo privado
Authors: Castelar Andrés Felipe 
Published: July 2015

Historically, the concepts of the masculine and feminine have been projected as composite dichotomies of opposing values, socially priviledging the values that characterize the male. Thus, women have been assigned roles as reproductive as opposed to productivity; affection, as opposed to the force; private as opposed to public. However, there are paradigmatic cases that are blurring the apparently clear boundaries of gender that imposed these dichotomies. This document is derived from a research project that explores the everyday life of women “community leaders” who, by their work and vocation of leadership and power, represent an example of how fuzzy the boundaries between the values assigned to the masculine and the feminine may become. This article seeks to identify, in the lives of these women, the conflicts and the facilities with which they have to perform a leadership work subjectively demanding and forces them to stake resources to distinguish or being consistent the private and the public.
Islamic welfare system dealing with the poor in rural area
Authors: Zakiyah Zakiyah 
Published: July 2015

<p>This paper try to review the practice of Islamic welfare system (such as zaka,<br />waqf, shadaqa, infaq, hibah and qurban) dealing with poor people in rural area.<br />Then, this study looks at four main issues, namely how the structure of the<br />commitee, the management of such system, fund rising strategy, and people<br />accessibility to this welfare system. In order to deal with this, it is used some<br />frameworks namely; firstly, the welfare strategy as proposed by Spicker (1995)<br />including economic production, redistribution, and solidarity. Secondly, the concept<br />of welfare offered by Azmi (1991), Midgley (1997), and Zastrow (2004).<br />This research took place in North and South Wonorejo, a village located in Magelang<br />district, Central Java. Finding of this research shows that this scheme has operated<br />conventionaly and has not contributed much on enhancing people welfare.<br />There is no formal institution that organizes all element of such scheme. As the<br />social welfare institution, this system ideally offers program, benefits and services<br />that help people meets those social, economic, educational and health needs.<br />However, there is no specific program for the poor people offered by the committee<br />of the Islamic welfare scheme.</p><p> </p><p>Studi ini berusaha mengkaji praktik system kesejahteraan dalam Islam (seperti<br />zakat, wakaf, shadaqah, infak, hibah dan qurban) dalam hubungannya dengan<br />masyarakat miskin di wilayah pedesaan. Kajian melihat empat persoalan utama,<br />yakni bagaimana struktur panitia, pengelolaan sistem kesejahteraan, strategi<br />pengumpulan dana, dan akses masyarakat terhadap sistem tersebut. Untuk<br />menjawab persoalan ini, kajian mempergunakan kerangka kerja antara lain strategi<br />kesejahteraan sebagaimana diusulkan Spicker (1995) termasuk produksi,<br />redsitribusi, dan solidaritas ekonomi, dan konsep kesejahteraan sebagaimana<br />dikemukakan Azmi (1991), Midgley (1997), dan Zastrow (2004). Kajian ini<br />dilakukan di Desa Wonorejo Utara dan Selatan, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Kajian<br />ini menemukan antara lain: skema kesejahteraan masih dilakukan secara<br />konvensional dan tidak banyak berkontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat.<br />Tidak ada lembaga resmi yang mengorganisir semua unsur dalam skema tersebut.<br />Sebagai lembaga kesejahteraan sosial, sistem ini idealnya menawarkan program,<br />manfaat dan layanan yang menolong masyarakat dalam memenuhi<br />kebutuhan-kebutuhan ekonomi, sosial, pendidikan dan kesehatan. Namun<br />demikian, tidak ada program khusus bagi masyarakat miskin yang ditawarkan<br />oleh pengelola skema kesejahteraan Islam.</p>
The concept of religious pluralism in Indonesia: a study of the MUI’s fatwa and the debate among Muslim scholars
Authors: Basya Muhammad Hilaly 
Published: July 2015

<p>In 2005 The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) issued a controversial fatwa. The<br />fatwa states that it is prohibited for Muslims to develop the ideas of religious<br />pluralism. The fatwa had provoked heat debate among Indonesian Muslim scholars.<br />For the opponent of the fatwa, the modern Indonesian state should be supported<br />by the ideas of pluralism. They are disappointed with the fatwa, since it<br />would diminish religious pluralism in Indonesia. On the other hand, the protagonist<br />of the fatwa said that the MUI has done good decision. The ideas of pluralism<br />are seen by them would threaten Islamic faith. They believed that those who<br />campaigned for the idea of pluralism are the agent for “western” interest. The<br />debate regarding the MUI’s fatwa banning Muslims to adopt pluralism ideas indicates<br />that the concept of pluralism campaigned by some Muslim scholars is not<br />monolithic. This paper would like to explore various conceptions of religious pluralism<br />among Indonesian Muslim scholars.</p><p>Pada 2005, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan sebuah fatwa<br />kontroversial. Fatwa itu menyatakan haram hukumnya bagi kaum Muslim untuk<br />mengembangkan gagasan-gagasan tentang pluralisme agama. Fatwa telah<br />mengundang perdebatan panas di kalangan sarjana Muslim Indonesia. Bagi para<br />penentang fatwa, Negara Indonesia modern harus didukung dengan gagasan<br />pluralisme. Mereka kecewa atas fatwa karena telah mengurangi pluralisme<br />keagamaan di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, para pendukung fatwa menyatakan bahwa<br />MUI telah mengeluarkan keputusan yang benar. Bagi mereka, gagasan pluralisme<br />akan mengancam keimanan Islam. Mereka yakin bahwa orang-orang yang<br />mengampanyekan gagasan tentang pluralisme merupakan agen kepentingan<br />Barat. Perdebatan mengenai fatwa MUI yang melarang kaum Muslim mengadopsi<br />gagasan pluralisme menunjukkan bahwa konsep pluralisme yang dikampanyekan<br />sebagian sarjana Muslim tidaklah monolitik. Kajian ini akan mengeksplorasi<br />berbagai konsep pluralisme keagamaan di kalangan sarjana Muslim Indonesia.</p><p> </p>
Al-jamiat al-islamiyah wa dawruha al-raid fi al-Tarbiyah wa Tanmiyah al-Thaqafah
Authors: Maesur Sidqon 
Published: July 2015

<p><span>Islamic University has become a pioneer in the field of education and cultural development for years. The material taught includes Humanities, sociology and various applied science. Some earlier Islamic universities in the past are the University of al-Azhar, Fusthat, Qurawiyin, Mustanshiriyah, Nidhamiyah, and Qordoba. The former Islamic scholars actively created new theories which have not been existed before. Similarly Islamic Univiersities in any level have important role in the development of culture through a variety of programs, by preparing cadres who have scientific competence so that they are ready in the dissemination of Islamic culture that aims to build an ideal and realistic Islamic society and realistic</span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Examining Jakarta office mosques: Islamic teaching practices and views of Islamic ideological issues
Authors: Al-Makassary Ridwan 
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses Islamic teaching practices and perceptions of mosque stake-<br />holders concerning the ideological issues of: a democratic system of government<br />versus formal implementation of Islamic sharia; gender equality; jihad, and plu-<br />ralism in the Jakarta office mosques. After describing the research findings, the<br />paper concludes that the phenomenon of neo-fundamentalism (in Olivier Roy’s<br />words) is growing and developing in office mosques. This can be seen in the<br />dominance of literal and scripturalist Islamic interpretations, the importance given<br />to implementing Islamic sharia and the rejection of democracy, a hatred of Jews<br />and Christians and the emergence of Muslim youth actors in Islamic neo-fundamentalism. Other findings concern the influence of the Tarbiyah movement, an<br />offshoot of the Ikhwanul Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood), which is being felt in<br />the office mosques studied. Learning about Islamist understandings will allow us<br />to check its development, which may destroy the friendly, peaceful face of Islam.<br />Paper ini mendiskusikan praktik pengajaran Islam dan persepsi pemangku<br />kepentingan masjid berkaitan dengan isu-isu ideologis: sebuah sistem<br />pemerintahan demokratik versus implementasi formal syari’at Islam; kesetaraan<br />jender; jihad, dan pluralism di masjid perkantoran Jakarta. Setelah deskripsi<br />temuan penelitian, paper ini menyimpulkan bahwa fenomena neo-<br />fundamentalisme (meminjam Olivier Roy) sedang tumbuh dan berkembang di<br />masjid-masjid perkantoran. Ini terlihat dari dominannya intepretasi skriptural<br />dan literal, pentingnya menerima pelaksanaan formal syari’at Islam, kebencian<br />terhadap Yahudi dan Kristen dan kebangkitan aktor-aktor muda fundamentalisme<br />Islam. Temuan lain terkait dengan gerakan Tarbiyah, sebuah anak ideologi Ikhwanul<br />Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood), yang cukup kental ditemukan di masjid yang<br />diteliti. Mengkaji pemahaman Islam akan memungkinkan kita mengawasi<br />perkembangannya, yang mungkin menghancurkan wajah Islam yang ramah dan<br />damai.
Intra-Quranic connections in Sunni and Shi‘i tafsirs: a meeting point or another area of contestation?
Authors: Rohman Izza 
Published: July 2015

This study seeks to shed light on how a celebrated interpretive approach to the<br />Quran considered to be most objective is taken by interpreters from different<br />theological settings. It takes a closer look at how the principle of tafsi&gt;r al-Qur’a&gt;n<br />bi al-Qur’a&gt;n (interpretation of the Quran by the Quran) is employed by al-Shanqiti<br />in his Ad}wa&gt;’ al-Baya&gt;n and al-Tabataba’i in his al-Mi&gt;za&gt;n, taking their interpretation<br />of ahl al-bayt as a main case in point. Noticing how their differences in this issue<br />can be associated with their respective Sunni and Shi‘i backgrounds, this study<br />finds a number of areas where both modern exegetes – and other exegetes most<br />likely – might be influenced by any creeping theological preference in their pur-<br />suit of objectivity and openness to the text.<br />Kajian ini bermaksud menelaah bagaimana sebuah pendekatan penafsiran al-<br />Qur’an yang dianggap paling objektif diterapkan oleh para mufasir dari latar<br />belakang aliran teologi yang berbeda. Bagaimana prinsip menafsirkan al-Qur’an<br />dengan al-Qur’an diaplikasikan oleh al-Shanqiti dalam tafsirnya, Ad}wa&gt;’ al-Baya&gt;n,<br />dan al-Tabataba’i dalam tafsirnya, al-Mi&gt;za&gt;n, dilihat lebih saksama terutama dengan<br />mengambil contoh penafsiran mereka tentang ahlulbait. Mencermati bagaimana perbedaan mereka dalam menafsirkan cakupan ahlul bait bisa dikaitkan dengan<br />latar belakang Sunni dan Syiah mereka, kajian ini menemukan sejumlah ranah di<br />mana kedua mufasir modern ini – dan sepertinya juga mufasir yang lain – bisa<br />saja dipengaruhi oleh kecenderungan teologis ketika mencoba menjaga<br />objektivitas dan keterbukaan terhadap teks al-Qur’an.
Pattani central mosque in Southern Thailand as sanctuary from violence
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan 
Published: July 2015

<p>This article describes the real quality of Pattani Central Mosque to depict another picture of mosques in southern Thailand that has been alleged as an arena for the spreading of Islamic radical ideas and the recruiting of young people into ‘martyrs’ against the Thai Government. It is not doubted, the 2004 Kru-ze Mosque incident reflects the failure of places of worship as a‘sanctuary from violence’. Consequently, there are questions about the kind of practices taking place in Islamic teaching, mosque management, and the views held by mosque stakeholders (Imam, the preachers, and congregation) toward good governance, human rights and the anticipation of radicalism given the current situation in Pattani. In sum, Pattani Central Mosque instead seems to be composed of a fairly equal mixture of moderate and more conservative believers rather than those with radical and extreme tendencies.</p> <p> </p> <p>Artikel ini mendeskripsikan kualitas yang nyata dari Masjid Raya Pattani untuk mengilustrasikan gambaran lain tentang masjid-masjid di Thailand Selatan yang disinyalir sebagai arena penyebaran ide-ide Islam radikal dan rekruitmen orang–orang muda sebagai “martir” melawan Pemerintah Thailand. Tidak terbantahkan, insiden Masjid Kru-ze tahun 2004 merefleksikan kegagalan tempat-tempat ibadah sebagai ‘sanctuary from violence’. Akibatnya, terdapat sejumlah pertanyaan mengenai jenis-jenis praktik pengajaran, manajemen masjid dan pandangan dari para pengelola/takmir masjid (Imam, juru dakwah, and jemaah) terhadap pemerintahan yang baik, hak asasi manusia dan antisipasi atas radikalisme di Pattani dewasa ini. Sebagai kesimpulan, Masjid Raya Pattani tampaknya lebih terbentuk oleh gabungan para pengikut yang moderat dan lebih konservatif dibandingkan mereka yang memiliki tendensi-tendensi radikal dan ekstrem.</p>
Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano do extrato etanólico bruto e frações da Sida santaremnensis H. MONTEIRO (MALVACEAE) sobre cepas de Rhodotorula spp.
Authors: Nascimento Josefa Paula do , Costa Danielly Albuquerque da , Lima Edeltrudes de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Carmo Egberto Santos 
Published: July 2015

As leveduras do gênero Rhodotorula estão associadas a uma variedade de processos patológicos no homem, nos casos mais severos a taxa de mortalidade chega a 50%. A anfotericina B e o fluconazol são os fármacos de escolha utilizados no tratamento de infecções por Rhodotorula spp. no entanto, algumas cepas dessas leveduras já apresentam graus de resistência ao fluconazol. Por apresentarem diferentes propriedades terapêuticas e relatos de uso, as plantas do gênero Sida (Malvaceae) vêm sendo amplamente estudadas. A espécie Sida santaremnensis ocorre em quase todo o Brasil, apesar de sua ampla distribuição, não há relato de utilização dessa espécie na medicina popular. Contudo, verificando a variedade de compostos naturais, propriedades farmacológicas e relatos de uso descritos para espécies da família Malvaceae, notadamente no gênero Sida, e, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos antifúngicos, buscou-se avaliar através da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB) e das frações hexânica (HEX), diclorometânica (CH2Cl2), acetato de etila (AcOEt) e hidroalcoólica (ETOH:H2O) de S. santaremnensis sobre doze cepas de Rhodotorula spp. A determinação da CIM de S. santaremnensis foi realizada pela técnica de microdiluição, utilizando placas com 96 cavidades. Após realização da microdiluição determinou-se a CFM. Os ensaios foram realizados em duplicata e o resultado expresso pela média geométrica das concentrações inibitórias obtidas nos dois ensaios. Verificou-se que o EEB e as frações CH2Cl2 e AcOEt inibiram três das doze cepas testadas. A CIM, onde não se visualizou crescimento fúngico, esteve entre 2048 µg/mL e 512 µg/mL. O extrato e frações que apresentaram ação antifúngica, também demonstraram comportamento fungicida. A grande maioria das cepas de Rhodotorula spp. não foi sensível ao extrato etanólico bruto e frações de S. santaremnensis, demonstrando que o desenvolvimento de antifúngicos a base dessa planta, no futuro, não seria promissor para tratamento de infecções por Rhodotorulla spp.
Definition and Properties of Direct Sum Decomposition of Groups1
Authors: Nakasho Kazuhisa , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: July 2015

Summary
In this article, direct sum decomposition of group is mainly discussed. In the second section, support of element of direct product group is defined and its properties are formalized. It is formalized here that an element of direct product group belongs to its direct sum if and only if support of the element is finite. In the third section, product map and sum map are prepared. In the fourth section, internal and external direct sum are defined. In the last section, an equivalent form of internal direct sum is proved. We referred to [23], [22], [8] and [18] in the formalization.
Mesh Algorithms for Coxeter Spectral Classification of Cox-regular Edge-bipartite Graphs with Loops, II. Application to Coxeter Spectral Analysis
Authors: Kasjan Stanisław , Simson Daniel 
Published: July 2015

This is the second part of our two part paper with the same title. Following our Coxeter spectral study in [Fund. Inform. [123(2013), 447-490] and [SIAM J. Discr. Math. 27(2013), 827-854] of the category 𝒰ℬigrn of loop-free edge-bipartite (signed) graphs Δ, with n ≥ 2 vertices, we study here the larger category ℛℬigrn of Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs Δ (possibly with dotted loops), up to the usual ℤ-congruences ~Z and ≈Z. The positive graphs Δ in ℛℬigrn, with dotted loops, are studied by means of the complex Coxeter spectrum speccΔ ⊂ℂ, the irreducible mesh root systems of Dynkin types 𝔹n, n≥2,ℂn, n≥3, 𝔽4, 𝔾2, the isotropy group Gl( n, ℤ)Δ (containing the Weyl group of Δ), and by applying the matrix morsification technique introduced in [J. Pure A ppl. Algebra 215(2011), 13-24] and [Fund. Inform. [123(2013), 447-490]. One of our aims of our two part paper is to study the Coxeter spectral analysis question: “ Does the congruence Δ ≈ℤ Δ′ hold, for any pair of connected positive graphs Δ, Δ′∈ℛℬigrn such that speccΔ=speccΔ′ and the numbers of loops in Δ and Δ′ coincide?” We do it by a reduction to the Coxeter spectral study of the G1(n, ℤ)D-orbits in the set MorD ⊂ 𝕄n(ℤ) of matrix morsifications of a Dynkin diagram D=DΔ∈𝒰Bigrn associated with Δ. In this second part, we construct numeric algorithms for computing the connected positive edge-bipartite graphs Δ in ℛℬigrn, for a fixed n ≥ 2, mesh algorithms for computing the set of all ℤ-invertible matrices B ∈ G1(n, ℤ) definining the ℤ-congruence Δ≈ℤΔ', for positive graphs Δ, Δ′∈ℛℬigrn, with ngeq2 fixed, and mesh-type algorithms for the mesh root systems Γ(RΔ•,ΦΔ). We also present a classification and a structure type results for positive Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs Δ with dotted loops.
Algorithms for Isotropy Groups of Cox-regular Edge-bipartite Graphs
Authors: Kasjan Stanisław , Simson Daniel 
Published: July 2015

This paper can be viewed as a third part of our paper [Fund. Inform. 2015, in press]. Following our Coxeter spectral study in [Fund. Inform. 123(2013), 447-490] and [SIAM J. Discr. Math. 27(2013), 827-854] of the category 𝒰ℬigrn of loop-free edge-bipartite (signed) graphs Δ, with n ≥ 2 vertices, we study a larger category ℛℬigrn of Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs Δ (possibly with dotted loops), up to the usual ℤ-congruences ∼Z and ≈Z. The positive graphs Δ in ℛℬigrn, with dotted loops, are studied by means of the complex Coxeter spectrum speccΔ ⊂ℂ, the irreducible mesh root systems of Dynkin types 𝔹n, n≥2,ℂn, n≥3, 𝔽4, 𝔾2, the isotropy group Gl( n, ℤ)Δ (containing the Weyl group of Δ), and by applying the matrix morsification technique introduced in [J. Pure A ppl. Algebra 215(2011), 13-24] Here we present combinatorial algorithms for constructing the isotropy groups G1(n, ℤ)Δ. One of the aims of our three paper series is to develop computational tools for the study of the ℤ-congruence ∼ℤ and the following Coxeter spectral analysis question: “ Does the congruence Δ ≈ℤ Δ′ holds, for any pair of connected positive graphs Δ, Δ′∈ℛℬigrn such that speccΔ=speccΔ′ and the numbers of loops in Δ and Δ′ coincide?” For this purpose, we construct in this paper a extended inflation algorithm Δ↦𝒟Δ, with 𝒟Δ∼ℤΔ, that allows a reduction of the question to the Coxeter spectral study of the G1(n, ℤ)D-orbits in the set MorD ⊂ 𝕄n(ℤ) of matrix morsifications of the associated edge-bipartite Dynkin graph D=𝒟Δ∈ℛBigrn. We also outline a construction of a numeric algorithm for computing the isotropy group G1(n, ℤ)Δ of any connected positive edge-bipartite graph Δ in ℛℬigrn. Finally, we compute the finite isotropy group G1(n, ℤ)D, for each of the Cox-regular edge-bipartite Dynkin graphs D.
A Turkish Architect at Technical Unversity of Budapest: Semih Rüstem
Authors: Gümüş M. Dila 
Published: July 2015

Semih Rüstem (1898-1946), is a Turkish Early Republican era architect who studied architecture at the Technical University of Budapest. His relationship with Hungarian Turanism and his architectural education in Hungary makes him an exception among Turkish architects. In the early 1930’s, he designed several buildings mostly under the influence of European Modernism but traces of these Hungary-related steps can also be followed in some of his designs. The information gathered in the process of this research, which aims to examine Semih Rüstem’s life and career in the context of cultural relationships between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, provides a basis for a discussion on the formal sources of the buildings he designed.