bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties of N‐Rich Salts of the 4,5‐Dicyano‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole Anion
Authors: Zhang Yinghao , Du Zhiming , Han Zhiyue , Zhao Zhihua , Yao Qian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the 4,5‐dicyano‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole anion in its 5‐aminotetrazole, 1,5‐diaminotetrazole, and 1,5‐diamino‐4‐methyl‐tetrazole salts are reported. All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analyses. Their thermal decompositions were investigated by TG‐DSC. The densities, combustion heats, and sensitivity properties were tested. Additionally, enthalpies of formation, detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and heats of detonation were calculated. The compounds have potential application in the energetic materials field.
The vacancy–hydrogen defect in diamond: A computational study
Authors: Peaker C. V. , Goss J. P. , Briddon P. R. , Horsfall A. B. , Rayson M. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydrogen is grown into CVD diamond and occurs in point defects also involving a lattice vacancy, V. Complexes involving V, H and nitrogen, or silicon have been identified by experiment, and in some cases the microscopic structure has been identified with the use of quantum‐chemical simulations. In this study, we present the results of density functional simulations of the primitive vacancy‐hydrogen defect in diamond. We find that the symmetry of the VH defect is , with the H atom strongly bonded to one of the four C radicals that are formed when the vacancy is created. The defect is expected to occur in both the neutral and negatively charged forms, with the possibility of both positive and charge states.For VH0, and spin states are found to be indistinguishable in energy, with the quartet not expected to yield sharp optical transitions, unlike the doublet. VH in the ground‐state is predicted to have an optical transition that is broadly similar to that of N (), although it is important to note that the non‐degenerate band involved in the transitions arises from a different origin in VH as there are no lone‐pairs present in this case. We have also made predictions for the C–H stretch mode frequencies, noting a general trend with charge state. Combinations of optical spectroscopy, paramagnetic resonance and vibrational mode spectroscopy are therefore required to fully experimentally resolve VH in its various charge and spin states.
Effect of an external resonator on the stimulated emission of a semiconductor microcavity with embedded quantum wells
Authors: Belykh V. V. , Mylnikov D. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effect of an external resonator on the emission of a GaAs microcavity with embedded quantum wells is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It was shown that the external resonator controls the process of the stimulated emission of the microcavity leading to the threshold‐like appearance of closely separated modes in a spectrum and to oscillations in the temporal dynamics of the emission. Investigation of the spatial coherence with a temporal resolution shows a complex phase dynamics related to the interplay between the lasing modes and reveals a strong spatial inhomogeneity of a phase within each mode.
P‐11: Channel‐Etched CAAC‐OS FETs using Multi‐layer IGZO
Authors: Shima Yukinori , Kanemura Hiroshi , Higano Satoshi , Hosaka Yasuharu , Okazaki Kenichi , Koezuka Junichi , Matsuda Shinpei , Matsubayashi Daisuke , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: July 2015

The improvement in the reliability of a channel‐etched fieldeffect transistor (FET) using a buried channel effect was achieved by stacking In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (IGZO) films with different compositions.In addition, a liquid crystal display panel using an IGZO multilayer c‐axis‐aligned crystal FET for a backplane was fabricated.
47.3: Invited Paper: World Fixed Augmented‐Reality HUD for Smart Notifications
Authors: Biswas Mainak , Xu Shili 
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present a Head‐Up Display (HUD) system that displays perspective correct surrounding information for driver safety. In our implementation, we display contrast enhanced ego lane information on the HUD during driving conditions with poor visibility. The use of HUD for Augmented Reality (AR) needs an accurate model of the picture generation process for proper visualization of the 3D content that is perspective accurate from the user view point. The system uses multiple computer vision techniques for the accurate visualization.First, we use a camera calibration algorithm that uses view independent spatial geometry and view dependent perspective transformation that compensates for the distortion of the optics as well as the combiner. The calibration is done by capturing the test patterns from the front facing camera located close to the rear view mirror and a camera from the driver's point of view. Further registration of the HUD image is done through a head tracker that uses the camera mounted for the driver monitoring on the steering wheel. The second module detects the lane markings on the road and returns the location of the polygon in the camera co‐ordinate system. The image data bounded by this polygon is further enhanced to reduce the effect of haze, rain and insufficient illumination and blended with the camera input from the front facing camera. The HUD then projects the synthesized image that is perspective correct rendered in the vehicle co‐ordinate system.
IAR‐CTR and IAR‐CFB: integrity aware real‐time based counter and cipher feedback modes
Authors: Hwang Tzonelih , Gope Prosanta 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is highly desirable that a real‐time crypto system should be designed to offer a strong security level by assuring both the privacy and integrity together in the same podium. However, the conventional stream cipher modes of operation (counter (CTR), cipher feedback (CFB), and Output Feedback (OFB)), often used in several real‐time applications, are unable to prevent any unauthorized message modification, which may often lead to several active attacks. This article shows a way to construct the real‐time based Authenticated Encryption (AE) environment, where the real‐time key stream is generated from any secure block algorithm like Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Accordingly, in order to demonstrate the principle of the real‐time based AE environment, here we introduce two modes of operations, namely integrity aware real‐time based counter (IAR‐CTR) and cipher feedback (IAR‐CFB) modes, where both the proposed modes of operations can guarantee to offer both the confidentiality and message integrity in a single pass without any Message Authentication Code (MAC) or even any kind of non‐crypto checksum Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) support. Besides, here we argue that both the proposed real‐time based AE environments are quite robust against several active attacks, for example, message stream modification attacks and chosen‐plain‐text attacks, and at the same time, they can also be useful to deal with some other issues like ‘limited error propagation’ existing in several conventional stream cipher modes like CFB, OFB, and CTR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnt/β-Catenin-Responsive Cells in Prostatic Development and Regeneration
Authors: Lee Suk Hyung , Johnson Daniel T. , Luong Richard , Yu Eun Jeong , Cunha Gerald R. , Nusse Roel , Sun Zijie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The precise role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during prostatic development and tumorigenesis is unclear. Axin2 is a direct transcriptional target of β-catenin. Recent studies have shown that Axin2-expressing cells have stem/progenitor cell properties in a variety of mouse tissues. Here, we genetically labeled Axin2-expressing cells at various time points and tracked their cellular behavior at different developmental and mature stages. We found that prostatic Axin2-expressing cells mainly express luminal epithelial cell markers and are able to expand luminal cell lineages during prostatic development and maturation. They can also survive androgen withdrawal and regenerate prostatic luminal epithelial cells following androgen replacement. Deletion of β-catenin or expression of stabilized β-catenin in these Axin2-expressing cells results in abnormal development or oncogenic transformation, respectively. Our study uncovers a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin-responsive cells in prostatic development and regeneration, and that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in these cells contributes to prostatic developmental defects and tumorigenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:3356–3367
N‐Heterotriangulenes: Fascinating Relatives of Triphenylamine
Authors: Hammer Natalie , Schaub Tobias A. , Meinhardt Ute , Kivala Milan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCarbonyl‐ and dimethylmethylene‐bridged triphenylamines called N‐heterotriangulenes are not only aesthetically pleasing π‐conjugated scaffolds interesting on their own but also provide numerous possibilities for further synthetic modifications to serve as versatile precursors for the construction of functional organic molecules. In this Personal Account we give a historical synopsis depicting the long way from the initial synthesis of N‐heterotriangulenes back in the 1970s to their derivatization followed by recent applications in organic electronics. As a part of our ongoing research on heteroatom‐doped π‐conjugated scaffolds we provide an overview of our synthetic efforts involving the N‐heterotriangulene scaffolds and discuss the optoelectronic, redox, and self‐assembly properties of the resulting molecular entities.
Functional improvement of deglutition after hangekobokuto treatment in two cases: Endoscopy and fluoroscopy evaluation
Authors: Nakada Yoshinobu , Arai Makoto , Kokawa Masaharu , Takayanagi Hirohisa , Mochiduki Kaori , Yamabe Naoki , Akiba Tetsuo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCasePatients with dysphagia frequently suffer from aspiration pneumonia, are frequently hospitalized, and are often deprived of the joys of eating. Although dysphagia is life‐threatening, treatment for dysphagia is still limited. Recently, the effectiveness of hangekobokuto (Banxia‐houpo‐tang in Chinese; HKT) for dysphagia has attracted attention. We treated two dysphagic patients with HKT and evaluated deglutition before and after HKT treatment on imaging.OutcomeThe first patient was a 69‐year‐old alcoholic liver‐cirrhosis patient who was diagnosed with dysphagia after hospital admission, and the second patient was a 92‐year‐old aspiration pneumonia patient. After treating the chief complaint, HKT (TJ‐16) extract (7.5 g/day) was given and continued indefinitely. Deglutition before and after HKT commencement was evaluated on video endoscopy and video fluoroscopy, respectively. Deglutition after the treatment was monitored visually.ConclusionDeglutition improved after HKT treatment, as judged on endoscopy and fluoroscopy.
Kamikihito ameliorates tumor‐induced sickness behavior in mice
Authors: Araki Ryota , Nishida Shoji , Hiraki Yosuke , Yabe Takeshi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAimKamikihito (KKT), a Kampo medicine composed of 14 herbs, has been used clinically to treat psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, insomnia, amnesia and depression. Sickness behavior refers to a series of behavioral and psychological changes that occur due to cancer and inflammatory disease. The etiological mechanism is not known in detail, and thus there is no established standard therapy for sickness behavior. In this study, we examined the effects of KKT on tumor‐induced sickness behavior in mice, and compared the effects of KKT with those of milnacipran, a serotonin noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor.MethodsSeven‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were inoculated with the murine adenocarcinoma cell line colon 26. The effects of KKT on behavioral changes in the colon 26‐inoculated mice were evaluated on object exploration test, social interaction test and forced swim test.ResultsInoculation of colon 26 cells induced sickness behavior, such as loss of object exploration, social interaction deficits and immobility in the forced swim test without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. KKT ameliorated these behavioral changes. Milnacipran reduced the loss of object exploration and immobility in the forced swim test, but not social interaction deficits. Both KKT and milnacipran did not affect tumor growth.Conclusion
KKT may ameliorate emotional aspects of sickness behavior similarly to or better than milnacipran, and is a potential treatment for sickness behavior.
Grasshopper sparrow reproductive success and habitat use on reclaimed surface mines varies by age of reclamation
Authors: Wood Petra B. , Ammer Frank K. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied 3 mountaintop mining–valley fill (MTMVF) complexes in southern West Virginia, USA to examine grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum pratensis) demographic response to different age classes of mine land reclamation. For 71 nests monitored during the 2001–2002 breeding seasons, overall nest success (36%) was within the range of nest success rates previously reported for this species, but it was highest on more recently reclaimed sites (56%). Nest density and clutch size did not differ (P > 0.30) among reclamation age classes, whereas number of fledglings was greater (P = 0.01) on more recently reclaimed sites. We measured vegetation variables at 70 nest subplots and at 96 systematic subplots to compare nest vegetation with vegetation available on the plots. We found that nests occurred in areas with more bare ground near the nest, greater vegetation height–density surrounding the nest site, lower grass height, and fewer woody stems, similar to previous studies. As postreclamation age increased, vegetation height–density and maximum grass height increased, and sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) became more dominant. Nest success declined with increasing vegetation height–density at the nest. The grasslands available on these reclaimed mine complexes are of sufficient quality to support breeding populations of grasshopper sparrows, but nest success decreased on the older reclaimed areas. Without active management, grasslands on reclaimed MTMVF mines become less suitable for nesting grasshopper sparrows about 10 years after reclamation. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐Term Survival is not Impaired After the Complete Resection of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix
Authors: Steffen Thomas , Ebinger Sabrina M. , Warschkow René , Lüthi Cornelia , Schmied Bruno M. , Clerici Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAppendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (aNET) are a common entity in routine medical care, with a rate per appendectomy as high as 0.3–0.9 %. Considering the relatively young age at diagnosis for these patients, exact information about the long‐term prognosis of aNET is required. Survival rates vary substantially between 71 and 100 % and are mostly limited to 5 years. This investigation assessed the long‐term mortality rates of patients who underwent aNET resections at fifteen hospitals.MethodsBetween 1990 and 2003, the 10‐year survival rates of 79 patients were analyzed using risk‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for population‐based baseline mortality. Additionally, prognostic factors for the oncologic outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe median follow‐up of all patients was 12.1 and 13.7 years for those alive. All patients underwent curative R0 resections. No distant metastases were diagnosed. A total of 31 (39.2 %), 29 (36.7 %), 18 (22.8 %), and 1 (1.3 %) patients had stage I, IIA, IIB, and IIIB aNET, respectively, according to the latest classification by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. The 10‐year overall and relative survival rates were 83.6 % (95 % CI 75.5–92.6 %) and 96.7 % (95 % CI 87.5–107 %), respectively. The 10‐year relative survival rate after resection of aNET did not differ from the survival of the average national population with the same age and gender (p = 0.947). Second primary malignancies (hazard ratio of death 7.0, 95 % CI 1.6–30.6) were identified as a significant prognosticator for long‐term survival.ConclusionsLong‐term survival is not significantly depreciated after the curative resection of aNET.
Inter‐phase feedbacks in construction projects
Authors: Parvan Kiavash , Rahmandad Hazhir , Haghani Ali 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding diverse performance trajectories of projects is of interest to operations researchers and practitioners. Interactions between multiple phases of a project are commonly assumed to be important in project dynamics, yet the strength of these feedback mechanisms has not been rigorously evaluated. In this study we use data from 15 construction projects to estimate the feedbacks between design and construction phases. The estimated factors reveal that undiscovered design rework diminishes construction quality and production rate significantly and construction completion speeds up the detection of undiscovered design rework. Together, these feedbacks can explain as much as 20% of variability in overall project costs. Comparison of model predictions with a separate set of 15 projects shows good predictive power for cost and schedule outcomes and their uncertainty. The estimation and prediction framework offers a template for using data from multiple cases to estimate both case‐specific and industry‐wide parameters of project models, and for leveraging those estimates for project planning.
Crisis Counselors’ Perceptions and Assessment of Suicidal Behavior Among Hurricane Survivors Receiving Crisis Counseling Services
Authors: Brown Lisa M. , Framingham Julie L. , Frahm Kathryn A. , Wolf Laurie D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess the awareness of risk for suicidal behaviors and perspectives of Project Recovery counselors who provided crisis counseling services to hurricane survivors.MethodsThe Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview–Extended, a quantitative disaster mental health measure, was used to assess distress and dysfunction to the recent hurricanes. Project Recovery counselor data were collected through a 22-item qualitative interview.ResultsSeven out of 207 clients (3.4%) endorsed the quantitative item measuring suicidal ideation. Clients who reported suicidal ideation had significantly higher scores on items indicating a loss of enjoyment, feelings of depression, feeling less able to handle stress, and other mental health items. Counselor responses fell into 5 major themes: Assessment and Action, Client Characteristics, Services, Counselor Training and Preparedness, and Future Directions.ConclusionsSuicidal behavior is a serious mental health emergency, yet it remains a challenging issue as suicidal behaviors are complex and disaster survivors with suicidal ideation may experience intense psychological reactions to the event. In order to provide competent care to survivors experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors, the need for counselors to receive adequate training in suicide assessment and management is essential. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:291–300)
Vulnerability of Urban Homebound Older Adults in Disasters: A Survey of Evacuation Preparedness
Authors: Dostal Patrick J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveRecent disasters within the United States, such as Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, have highlighted the vulnerability of older adults, and recent litigation has upheld the responsibility of government in assisting the public during mandatory evacuations. Older adults designated as homebound due to their disabilities are at greatest risk of poor outcomes in disasters. This study aimed at assessing the willingness and ability of homebound older adults to evacuate, as well as categorizing their medical needs in the event they are relocated to an emergency shelter.MethodsFifty-six homebound older adults and medical decision surrogates from 1 homebound primary care practice in Philadelphia were assessed with a novel structured interview.ResultsRespondents reported limitations in both their ability and their willingness to evacuate their neighborhoods. Medical needs of homebound older adults were on par with those of nursing home residents.ConclusionsMany homebound older adults are unable or unwilling to evacuate in a mandatory evacuation situation, highlighting a need for public assistance. Their complex medical needs will require significant preparation by special needs shelters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:301-306)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom self-report in adults in Kenya and its associated risk factors, an analysis from a household survey in a demographic surveillance site
Authors: Jenkins R. , Othieno C. , Ongeri L. , Ogutu B. , Sifuna P. , Mboroki J. , Omollo R. 
Published: July 2015

Background.There have been no household surveys of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Kenya, and only one in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods.Data on ADHD was used from a household survey of mental disorders and their associated risk factors conducted in Maseno area (population 70 805), near Lake Victoria in Kenya, using a demographic surveillance site as the sample frame, as part of a wider survey of mental health, malaria and immunity A total of 1190 households were selected, and 1158 adult participants consented to the study while 32 refused to participate in the study interviews, giving a response rate of 97.3%. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener.Results.This survey found that the overall prevalence of ADHD using the ASRS was 13.1%. This suggests a high level of ADHD in the Kenyan population which needs to be further investigated for its impact on adult mental health. In the adjusted analysis, increased odds ratios (ORs) were found in those with higher assets (OR 1.7, p = 0.023), those with life events (OR 2.4, p = 0.001 for those with 2–3 life events and OR 2.6, p < 0.001 for those with 4 or more life events), and those with common mental disorders (OR 2.3, p = 0.001).Conclusion.The study demonstrates the magnitude of ADHD symptoms as a public health issue, relevant for health worker training, and the importance of further research into its prevalence in adults and associated risk factors.