bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supersonic Vortex Gerdien Arc with Magnetic Thermal Insulation
Authors: Winterberg F. 
Published: February 2015

Temperatures up to ~ 5 x 104 oK have been obtained with water vortex Gerdien arcs, and temperatures of ~ 105oK have been reached in hydrogen plasma arcs with magnetic thermal insulation through an externally applied strong magnetic field.
It is suggested that a further increase in arc temperatures up to 106
oK can conceivably be attained by a combination of both techniques, using a Gerdien arc with a supersonic hydrogen gas vortex.
Transition Probabilities of Cull Lines
Authors: Neger T. , Jäger H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Relative transition probabilities of 7 CuII lines in the visible spectral region have been measured by side-on observation of a plasma jet emerging out of a capillary as well as by using an axial discharge-type of an exploding copper wire. The results are compared with those of two other experiments.
Negative Energy Waves in the Frame work of Vlasov -Maxwell Theory
Authors: Pfirsch Dieter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
On the basis of a variational formulation of the Vlasov-Maxwell theory it was recently shown that, for instance, all magnetically confined plasmas allow the existence of negative energy waves. Such waves can become nonlinearly and dissipatively unstable and might therefore be of importance in explaining anomalous transport. The proof of this result uses infinitely strongly localized perturba­tions. This is, however, not necessary: in this paper it is shown by discussing general, homogeneous, magnetized plasmas that the necessary localization is related to the average gyroradius rg of the relevant particle species. For unstable plasmas the extent or wavelengths of negative energy waves can be of the order of rg, whereas for linearly stable plasmas the extent can be a small fraction of rg.
Free Radicals in X-Irradiated Ethylene Glycol Crystals
Authors: Awadelkarim O. , Claesson O. , Lund A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
ESR experiments aiming at clarifying the structure of radicals present in X-irradiated crystals of ethylene glycol and other diols are reported. By comparison with data for the corresponding glasses it is concluded that a major source of free radicals is the decomposition of trapped electrons. The radical structure is identified.
The Intramolecular Electric Field Gradient at the 14N-Nucleus in Monofluoroacetonitrile and an Improved Partial r0-Structure of the Molecule
Authors: Andolfatto M. , Krause H. , Sutter D. H. , Palmer M. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The 14N quadrupole coupling tensor in CH2FCN and CD2FCN was determined from the hyperfine splittings of low J rotational transitions to give indirect structural information on the geometry of the CCN chain.
The CCN chain turns out to be slightly bent (2° away from F), in excellent agreement with the result of an earlier ab initio calculation.
Nuclear Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectrum of 3-Chloropyridine. An Application of Microwave-Microwave Double Resonance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Heineking N. , Dreizler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We redetermined the rotational and the chlorine-35 and nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of 3-chloropyridine. The values are A = 5839.5330(12) MHz, B = 1604.1875(6) MHz, and C = 1258.3121 (5) MHz for the rotational constants, and χaa(Cl) = - 72.255(19) MHz, χbb(Cl) = + 38.500(13) MHz, χcc(Cl) = + 33.755(23) MHz and χaa(N) = - 0.009(13) MHz, χbb(N) = - 3.473(10) MHz, χCC(N) = + 3.482(16) MHz for the chlorine-35 and nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, respectively.
Application of double resonance modulation technique is shown to greatly simplify the assign­ment of hyperfine structure components even of weak rotational transitions.
Properties of a Set of Symmetric Maxwellian Equations
Authors: Guéret Pierre 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A set of fully symmetric maxwellian equations is proposed, with a quantum mechanical coupling term between matter and fields. Its relativistic transformation properties and conservation laws are presented. Dual, monopole-like solutions are described, which have properties consistent with those of the Dirac electron and magnetic monopole. The spatial extent of the monopole fields is proposed to be bound within two extreme radial limits rp and R0 such that α In (R0/rp) ≡ 1, where α ≃ 1/137 is the electromagnetic fine structure constant, yielding for the ratio R0/rp a very large number in the order of the ratio of the so-called universe radius to the Planck length.
NMR Investigations of the Pitch Dependence of Self-diffusion in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Oehler S. , Stannarius R. , Schmiedel H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Self-diffusion in the isotropic and twisted nematic phases of mesogenic substances has been studied by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR.
From the line shape analysis of the recorded 13C-NMR spectra we obtained the diffussion coefficient D⊥ along the helical pitch.
Various concentrations of a chiral additive changed the pitch P0 of a nematic mixture of phenyl-benzoates from 4.7 μm to 7.8 μm. The measured values of D⊥ were in the range from 2.4 · 10-12 m2 s-1 to 1.9 · 10-11 m2 s-1 We found an Arrhenius behaviour with an activation energy of about 55 kJ/mole nearly independent of the pitch. The obtained data for D⊥ seem to have a lower than quadratic dependence on P0.
Molecular gᅩ-value, Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy, and Deuterium Quadrupole Coupling Constantin Deuterodiacetylene
Authors: Böttcher O. , Heineking N. , Andolfatto M. , Sutter D. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational Zeeman effect in the J′ → J = 2 → 1 rotational transition and the deuterium quadrupole coupling effect in the J′→J = 1 → 0 transition have been observed for D - C = C - C = C - H using a microwave Fourier transform (MWFT)-spectrometer.
The molecular parameters determined are: rotational constant B0= 4084.452 MHz, deuterium quadrupole coupling constant e q Q (D) = 217(6) kHz, molecular gᅩ-value = 0.0073(1) and molecular magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (Xᅩ - X||) = 11.5(7) 10-6 erg G-2mol-1.
NQR-NMR and Raman Study of a Structural Phase Transitionin (NH4)2PbCl6
Authors: Dimitropoulos C. , Pelzl J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the chlorine NQR frequency and spin-lattice relaxation rate indicate a structural phase transformation in (NH4)2PbCl6 at 80 K similar to that observed in (NH4)2TeCl6 at 85 K. Both transitions are characterized by a discontinuity of the temperature derivative of the NQR frequency shift and by a cusp in the NQR spin-lattice relaxation rate, but no splitting of the NQR line is observed below Tc. These observations point towards a transition that leaves the chlorine sites equivalent, such as a small angle rotation of the MXg2-
6octahedra about their threefold axis. Supplementary 1H-NMR measurements have been performed to investigate the direct influence of NH4
+ motion on the Cl-NQR. The phase transitions in mixed (NH4: K)2PbCl6 crystals have also been studied.
Extended Analysis of the Rotational Spectrum of HCCF
Authors: Rohwer F. , Hinze R. , Guarnieri A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The microwave spectrum of fluoroacetylene (HCCF) has been measured in the frequency region 35 -260 GHz. Rotational constants of the ground state and rotational as well as rotation-vibrational interaction constants of several excited states of the C - C - H (ν4) and the C - C - F (ν5) bending vibrations have been obtained.
Streuung langsamer Neutronen an Thorium *
Authors: Waschkowski W. , Knopf K. , Koester L. 
Published: February 2015

We determined by means of Christiansen filter technique and transmission measurements the following quantities for thorium:
- the coherent scattering length b =10.31 ± 0.03 fm,
- the absorption cross section at 0.0253 eV σγ= 7.34 ± 0.09 b,
- the potential scattering radius R = 9.6 ± 0.2 fm.
In combination with scattering cross sections in the eV-energy region we obtained information about bound levels at negative energies.
On the Law of Equipartition for Translational Motion of Excited Molecules in Equilibrium with Thermal Radiation
Authors: Lavenda B. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Einstein’s radiation theory consists of two parts: the derivation of Planck's radiation law from a physical mechanism of absorption and emission of radiation by excited molecules that are in thermal equilibrium with the radiation field and a demonstration of the validity of the law of equipartition of energy for the translational motion of the molecules. Several incongruities are observed: Einstein could not have legitimately substituted back into his dynamical equilibrium condition, valid at any finite temperature, a limiting condition between the coefficients of absorption and stimulated emission that he obtained in the high temperature limit. His justification of the law of equipartition involves, on the one hand, treating the motion of the excited molecule as brownian motion while, on the other hand, employing special relativity to obtain an expression for the diffusion coefficient. In the former the velocity of the molecule is a stochastic variable while in the latter it is a uniform velocity. Hence equipartition does not hold for the translational motion.
Tunable Diode Laser Spectra and Assignment of the 748 cm-1 Band of Propane
Authors: Gassler G. , Reißenauer B. , Hüttner W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational structure of the 748 cm-1 c-type CH2-rocking fundamental of propane was analysed using tunable diode laser (TDL) techniques. On grounds of a low-resolution Fourier transform (FTIR) spectrum and of the known ground-state rotational and centrifugal-distortion constants, some 700 transitions were measured and assigned in several regions of the band. The upper-state constants determined in this way allow the prediction of rovibrational frequencies to within 0.003 cm-1, covering quantum states up to J = 50 and Ka = 20. The band appears unperturbed.
79,81Br−127I−NQR, and Crystal Structure of Glycyl-l-alanine Hydrobromide Monohydrate and Hydroiodide Monohydrate
Authors: Kehrer Armin , Dou Shi-qi , Weiss Alarich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The crystal structures of glycyl-l-alanine hydrobromide monohydrate, 1, and glycyl-l-alanine hydroiodide monohydrate, 2, were determined and the temperature dependence of the 127I NQR frequencies was investigated in the temperature range 77 <̳T/K <̳ 370. The 127I NQR frequencies are strongly influenced by hydrogen bonds and this is proved by the frequency shift of the H ⇄ D exchange. By deuteration the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant e2 qQh−1(127I) of 2 is shifted downwards 2.72 MHz at room temperature.
The title compounds are isotype, and at room temperature they crystallize monoclinic with the space group C2
2 − P21 with two molecules in the unit cell. The lattice constants for 1 are a = 1068.7 pm, b = 614.1 pm, c = 762.0 pm, and β= 108.55° and for 2 are a = 1093.3 pm, 6 = 637.1 pm, c = 770.9 pm, and β= 107.29°.
A Microwave Fourier Transform Spectrometer in the Region from 4 to 6 GHz with Double Resonance Modulation
Authors: Ehrlichmann H. , Grabow J.-U. , Dreizler H. , Heineking N. , Schwarz R. , Andresen U. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We report on the experimental set up and performance of a microwave Fourier transform spectrometer for the G band from 4 to 6 GHz. The sensitivity, achievable linewidth, and resolution capability is demonstrated by measurements of rotational transitions of various molecules.
Nitrogen and Deuterium Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectrum of Piperidine
Authors: Ehrlichmann H. , Grabow J.-U. , Dreizler H. , Heineking N. , Andolfatto M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We reinvestigated by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy the rotational spectra of the axial and equatorial isotopomers of piperidine and N-deutero piperidine. The rotational, centrifugal, and nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants were improved, the deuterium quadrupole coupling constants were determined. The principal coupling tensor elements for nitrogen were estimated.
Comets : A Key to Solar System Formation
Authors: Keller Horst Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Four lines of information on comets are discussed: their orbits, their relation to other bodies of the planetary system, their physical state and chemical composition, and implications of recent observations of the nucleus of comet Halley. The in situ measurements during the flybys of comet Halley strongly support the assumption that comets are members of the solar system and were created during its formation. The region (heliocentric distance) of their formation is, however, still difficult to assess. The size, shape, and topography of the cometary nucleus suggest that it was formed from relatively large subnuclei in a region of the primordial solar nebula where relative velocities were sufficiently small. There are indications that some of the interplanetary dust particles in the Earth atmosphre may originate from comets.
Noble Gas Record of Japanese Chondrites
Authors: Takaoka Nobuo , Shima Masako , Wakabayashi Fumitaka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Concentrations and isotopic ratios of noble gases are reported for nineteen Japanese chondrites. Among those, Nio (H3-4) is a solar-gas-rich meteorite.
U/Th - He ages are younger than K - Ar ages for all meteorites studied. Six of the nine L-chondrites give significantly young K-Ar ages, suggesting gas loss by impact shock heating. The remaining three L-chondrites and seven of the ten H-chondrites have K-Ar ages older than 4 Ga. The L-chondrite Nogata and the H-chondrites Numakai, Ogi and Higashi-Koen have concordant ages.
Cosmic-ray exposure ages for six of the H-chondrites show clustering around the 6-Myr peak in the distribution of exposure ages, while those for the L-chondrites, ranging from 8.2 to 64 Myr, do not show clustering.
Fukutomi (L4) contains trapped 36Ar in excess, 3.5 times enriched compared to the highest value so far reported for type-4 ordinary chondrites except solar-gas-rich chondrites. The 36Ar/132Xe and 84Kr/132Xe ratios fit along a mixing line between a planetary and a sub-solar (or argon-rich) component found in separates of E-chondrites [43], The Xe isotopic composition is identical with that in Abee and Kenna. The isotopic signatures suggest that this meteorite may contain mineral fragments bearing the noble gas component found in E-chondrites or ureilites.
Fukutomi also contains 80Kr, 82Kr and 128Xe produced by epithermal neutron captures on 79Kr, 81Kr and 127I, respectively. From the neutron-produced Kr, the preatmospheric minimum radius is estimated to be 20 cm with an assumption of a spherical meteoroid.
The Effect of Substituents on the Polarity in the First Excited Singlet State of Some trans-Styryl-Methyl-Sulfones
Authors: Kawski A. , Kubicki A. , Czajko J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of substituents R (R=N(CH3)2, OCH3, CH3, H, Cl, Br, CN) on the polarity of trans-styryl-methyl-sulfones in the first excited singlet state is investigated. Linear relations are found between the dipole moment in the excited state, μe, and the Hammett constant, σp
+ , and also between μe and the dipole moment in the ground state, μg. On increasing the electron-donor power of R, μe grows faster than μg.
Deuteron Magnetic Resonance (DMR) - Study on CD3NH3HgCl3
Authors: Körfer Martin , Kind Raymond , Fuess Hartmut 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) spectroscopic was performed on a single crystal of CD3NH3HgCl3. The electric field gradient tensors of the independent CD3NH3
+- groups were determined by quadrupole perturbed NMR. NMR-NQR-rotation patterns were recorded in the ferro- (T = 295 K) and paraelectric (F = 342 K) phases. In the ferroelectric phase a precessional motion of the CD3NH3
+-group was detected. The angle %(T) between the axis of the molcculc and the precession-axis increases with temperature. In the paraelectric phase the precession of methylammonium is superimposed by an anisotropic 90° -flipping motion. The flipping planes are parallel to the polar axis.
Double Spin Echo Volume Selective NMR Spectroscopy with a 1.5 T Whole Body Imager
Authors: Jung W.-I. , Lutz O. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
For volume selective nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with protons a modified version of the double spin echo method has been implemented on a 1.5 T whole body imager. The high performance of the localization sequence has been verified with phantoms and tissue. A spectral resolution of about 2 · 10-8 was obtained. The volume elements are well shaped and positioned, the minimal size was 2.2 cm3. Spectra of porcine leg muscle tissue with different echo times are presented.
On Polymorphism of Dysprosium Trichloride
Authors: Zakirýanova Irina D. , Khokhlov Vladimir A. , Salyulev Alexander B. , Korzun Iraida V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
For the first time, the structure of crystalline DyCl3 over a wide temperature range from room temperature to melting point was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The phonon modes (cm–1) of dysprosium trichloride (monoclinic crystal lattice of AlCl3 type, Z=4, CN = 6) at room temperature are 257 (A1g), 201 (Eg), 112 (Eg), 88 (A1g), and 63 (Eg). The monoclinic structure of the crystalline DyCl3 C2h
3 symmetry was found to remain constant over the studied temperature range. No polymorphic transformation in the solid state was detected. Gravimetry, calorimetry, and mass spectrometry have been used in addition to support the conclusions made on the basis of Raman spectroscopic data.
Complexes of Copper, Silver, and Gold with Urea Homologues. Crystal Structures of [{µ2-SeC(NH2)2} Ag{SeC(NH2)2}2]2
2+2Cl- • 4 DMF and [Ph3PAu{SC(NHMe)2}]+Cl- • SC(NHMe)2
Authors: Eikens Wolfgang , Jones Peter G. , Lautner Jürgen , Thöne Carsten 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The title compounds were prepared from chloro(organophosphine)metal(I) complexes and the urea homologues SeC(NH2)2 and SC(NHMe)2 in good yields. Recrystallization of [Ph3,PAg{SeC(NH2)2}]+Cl- from DMF/CH2Cl2 leads in low yield to the dinuclear complex [{µ2-SeC(NH2)2}Ag{SeC(NH2)2}2]2
2+2Cl- • 4DMF. The crystal structure reveals short Ag-Ag contacts and unexpectedly acute angles at the bridging selenium atom. The crystal structure of [Ph3PAu{SC(NHMe)2}]+Cl- • SC(NHMe)2 shows short N•••Cl and N•••S contacts that probably correspond to hydrogen bonding.
Die Kristallstruktur von Gadolinium (III)-sulfit Trihydrat Gd2(S03)3∙ 3H2O / Crystal Structure of Gadolinium(III)-sulfite Trihydrate Gd2(SO3)3 ∙3H2O
Authors: Hummel Hans-Ulrich , Joerg Petra , Pezzei Gerhard , Wolski Alexander 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Gd2(SO3)3 • 3 H20 is obtained by passing gaseous SO2 through a suspension of Gd2O3 in H2O at room temperature until a clear solution is formed. Single crystals are obtained by heating to 70(2) °C for 6 days. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a = 6.499(6), b = 6.621(3), c = 6.954(3) Å, α = 110.71(5), β = 90.54(3), γ = 106.05(1)° and Z = 1.
The two crystallographically different gadolinium atoms are both coordinated by eight oxygen atoms forming distorted square antiprisms. Gd(l) is coordinated by six O atoms of sulfite ligands and two O atoms of water, while Gd(2) is surrounded by seven O atoms of SO3 and one of H2O. Gd-O-bond lengths vary between 2.31(3) and 2.50(3) Å.
Constituents of Euphorbiaceae, 13. Comm. [1] Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Five Cerebrosides from Euphorbia characias L
Authors: Falsone G. , Cateni F. , Baumgartner M. , Lucchini V. , Wagner H. , Seligmann O. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Five cerebrosides B-1−B-4 were isolated from the fraction B, obtained from the latex of Euphorbia characias L. On the basis of spectral evidences and chemical reactions they were characterized as (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosenoyl]-8 (Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino (B-1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2 N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyhexacosenoyl]-8(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino(B-2), (2 S, 3 S,4 R, 8 Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyoctacosenoyl]-8 (Z)-octa-decene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino (B-3), (2 S, 3 S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyhexacosanoyl]-8 (Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino (B-3a), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2 N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyheptacosanoyl]-8 (Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino (B-4).
Reversed phase column flash chromatography was effective for the isolation of the cerebrosides. FAB-MS spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NMR analyses and DQF-COSY and 1H-detected HMQC (single bond and multiple bond) experiments and chemical reactions were useful in providing informations for the structure elucidation.
Oxidsulfidchloride der Lanthanide vom Typ M4OS4Cl2 (M = La-Nd) / M4OS4Cl2-Type Oxysulfide Chlorides of the Lanthanides (M = La -Nd)
Authors: Schleid Thomas , Lissner Falk 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Oxysulfide chlorides, M4OS4Cl2, of the lanthanides (M = La - Nd) are obtained upon the oxidation of the metals with sulfur in the presence of MOCl (or M2O3) and MCl3 in appropriate molar ratios. Additional NaCl or an excess of MCl3 serving as a flux provide even single crystalline material after reactions at 850 °C for seven days in sealed tantalum capsules. The crystal structure of M4OS4Cl2 (hexagonal, P63mc, no. 186, Z = 2; M = La: a = 933.19(3), c = 701.22(4) pm, c/a = 0.7514, R = RH = 0.020; M = Ce: a = 925.49(3), c = 694.13(3) pm, c/a = 0.7500; M = Pr: a = 919.72(4), c = 688.53(4) pm, c/a = 0.7486; M = Nd: a = 914.25(4), c = 683.12(4) pm, c/a = 0.7472, R = 0.022, Rw = 0.019) contains isolated O2--centered (M3+)4 tetrahedra which are surrounded by twelve S2- and six Cl-, capping vertices, edges, and faces of each tetrahedron and linking to other [OM4] units. Basically, the structure is identical to that of Ba4OCl6 if Ba2+ is substituted by M3+ and 2/3 of the CL- anions are replaced by S2- to secure charge neutrality in M4OS4Cl2. Different models for the Cl-/S2- replacement are presented on the basis of comparisons of the Madelung part of the lattice energy (MAPLE) with the MAPLE sum of the binaries (M2O3, M2S3, and MCl3).
Die Kristallstruktur von Gadolinium-(III)-hydrogensulfat Gd(H SO4)3 / Crystal Structure of Gadolinium-(III)-hydrogensulfate Gd(HSO4)3
Authors: Hummel Hans-Ulrich , Joeg Petra , Pezzei Gerhard , Wolski Alexander 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Gd(HSO4)3 is obtained on treatment of Gd2(SO4)3 in conc. H2SO4 in closed vessels at 200 °C. The extremely moisture-sensitive crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Pbca. Lattice constants are a = 12.080(8), b = 9.574(8), c = 16.513(8)Å and Z = 8.
Gadolinium is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms of the hydrogensulfate ligands forming a distorted square antiprism. There are three different HSO4
- anions within the structure. One of them is coordinated with two Gd atom s while two HSO4
- anions bridge three Gd atoms. The Gd-O bond lengths vary in the range of 2.334(6)-2.423(5)Å .
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von KCuHo2Mo4O16 / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of KCuHo2Mo4O16
Authors: Szillat Holger , Müller-Buschbaum Hanskarl 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Single crystals of KCuHo2Mo4O16 have been prepared by recrystallisation from melts and investigated by X-ray diffractometer techniques. The compound crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry, space group C 2/c, a = 521.6(1), b = 1251.3(2), c = 1953.1(2) pm, β = 92.903(18)°, Z = 4. KCuHo2Mo4O16 represents a new structure type characterized by HoO8 and alternate CuO6/KO10 polyhedra chains. The connection of these polyhedra chains to each other and by MoO4 tetrahedra is described and the crystal structure discussed with respect to related compounds of the CuLnMo2O8 and KLnMo2O8 types.