bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acculturation and Intention to Breastfeed among a Population of Predominantly Puerto Rican Women
Authors: Barcelona de Mendoza Veronica , Harville Emily , Theall Katherine , Buekens Pierre , Chasan‐Taber Lisa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundLatinas have high overall breastfeeding initiation rates, yet Puerto Ricans have among the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rates. This study sought to determine if acculturation was associated with intent to breastfeed in a predominantly Puerto Rican population.MethodsA cohort of Latina women were enrolled in Proyecto Buena Salud, and provided information on infant feeding intent (n = 1,323). Acculturation was assessed via the Psychological Acculturation Scale (PAS), language preference, and generation in the United States.ResultsIncreasing acculturation as measured by English language preference (aOR 0.61 [95% CI 0.42–0.88]) and second or third generation in the United States (aOR 0.70 [95% CI 0.52–0.95)] was inversely associated with odds of intending to exclusively breastfeed. Similarly, women with higher levels of acculturation as measured by the PAS (aOR 0.67 [95% CI 0.45–0.99]), English language preference (aOR 0.48 [95% CI 0.33–0.70]) and second or third generation in the United States (aOR 0.42 [95% CI 0.31–0.58]) were less likely to report intent to combination feed as compared with women with lower acculturation.ConclusionsAcculturation was inversely associated with intent to exclusively breastfeed and intent to combination feed in this predominantly Puerto Rican sample.
How Long Is Safe? Setting the Cutoff for Uncomplicated Third Stage Length: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Shinar Shiri , Schwartz Anat , Maslovitz Sharon , Many Ariel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of our study was to determine the optimal time for manual placental removal in an uncomplicated third stage while taking into consideration the risk for blood transfusion. Risk factors for postpartum blood transfusions were studied.MethodsComputerized data of all vaginal deliveries at our labor and delivery unit from 2010 to 2014 were obtained. Cases of complete and spontaneous placental separation up to 60 minutes into the third stage of labor were extracted for analysis. Patient demographics, obstetrical history, delivery course, and outcome were assessed as well as blood product requirements during the postpartum period. Receiver–operating curves (ROC) for prediction of blood transfusion during the third stage were calculated and risk factors were assessed.Results31,226 vaginal deliveries occurred during the study period and 28,586 deliveries culminated with complete and spontaneous placental separation, 25,160 of which met inclusion criteria. Independent risk factors for blood transfusions were primiparity, longer second and third stage length, labor induction, and maternal intrapartum fever.ROC curves showed that the optimal cutoff for the prediction of blood transfusions was 17 minutes into the third stage of labor. Waiting more than 30 minutes for placental separation increases the risk for blood transfusion more than threefold.ConclusionsA third stage longer than 17 minutes is associated with an increased risk for blood transfusion postpartum. After more than 30 minutes, the risk for blood transfusions increases more than threefold.
Morphological, structural and biophysical properties of French and Brazilian photoaged skin
Authors: Mercurio D.G. , Jdid R. , Morizot F. , Masson P. , Maia Campos P.M.B.G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundKnowledge of skin biology and its alterations in different populations is very important for the development of appropriate skincare strategies.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare morphological, structural and biophysical properties of photoaged skin in French and Brazilian populations, using biophysical and skin-imaging techniques.MethodsForty-one French and 41 Brazilian healthy, female volunteers aged between 40 and 65 years were enrolled. Each participant completed a questionnaire concerning habits related to cosmetic use, sun exposure and sun protection during different life periods. Skin on the face and volar forearm was evaluated using noninvasive techniques, to determine skin colour, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content, skin microrelief, skin viscoelasticity and dermis structure. Reflectance confocal microscopy was used to measure epidermal layer thickness and epidermal morphological and structural characteristics.ResultsCompared with Brazilian skin, French skin was more hydrated, had a lower TEWL and presented a distinct viscoelastic profile on the forearms and face. Brazilian facial skin was more wrinkled, and the dermis was less echogenic on the forearms and face. The French participants had thicker stratum corneum. Brazilian facial skin presented a higher prevalence of rete ridge effacement, low interkeratinocyte reflectance, huddled collagen and solar elastosis.ConclusionsMorphological, structural and biophysical differences were found when assessing the skin of the Brazilian and French participants, who were exposed to different environmental factors.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Levels: When Physiological Become Pathological State
Authors: Martorana Alessandro , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Belli Lorena , Sancesario Giuseppe , Toniolo Sofia , Sallustio Fabrizio , Sancesario Giulia Maria , Koch Giacomo 
Published: November 2015

SummaryImpaired amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism is currently considered central to understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ levels remain the most useful marker for diagnostic purposes and to individuate people at risk for AD. Despite recent advances criticized the direct role in neurodegeneration of cortical neurons, Aβ is considered responsible for synaptopathy and impairment of neurotransmission and therefore remains the major trigger of AD and future pharmacological treatment remain Aβ oriented. However, experimental and clinical findings showed that Aβ peptides could have a wider range of action responsible for cell dysfunction and for appearance of clinico‐pathological entities different from AD. Such findings may induce misunderstanding of the real role played by Aβ in AD and therefore strengthen criticism on its centrality and need for CSF measurements. Aim of this review is to discuss the role of CSF Aβ levels in light of experimental, clinical pathologic, and electrophysiological results in AD and other pathological entities to put in a correct frame the value of Aβ changes.
Cerebral palsy after neonatal encephalopathy: do neonates with suspected asphyxia have worse outcomes?
Authors: Garfinkle Jarred , Wintermark Pia , Shevell Michael I , Oskoui Maryam ,   the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry
Published: November 2015

AimWe sought to investigate how brain injury and severity, and neurological subtype of cerebral palsy (CP) differed in term‐born children with CP after neonatal encephalopathy, between those with suspected birth asphyxia and those without.MethodUsing the Canadian CP Registry, which included 1001 children, those with CP born at ≥36wks after moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy, were dichotomized according to the presence or absence of suspected birth asphyxia. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores, neurological subtypes, comorbidities, and magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared.ResultsOf the 147 term‐born children with CP (82 males, 65 females; median age 37 months, interquartile range [IQR] 26–52.5) who after moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy had the required outcome data, 61 (41%) met criteria for suspected birth asphyxia. They had a higher frequency of non‐ambulatory GMFCS status (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72–6.8), spastic quadriplegia (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.6), non‐verbal communication skills impairment (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.0–8.6), isolated deep grey matter injury (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.8–9.5), a lower frequency of spastic hemiplegia (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07–0.42), focal injury (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.04–0.93), and more comorbidities (p=0.017) than those who did not meet criteria.InterpretationTerm‐born children who develop CP after neonatal encephalopathy with suspected birth asphyxia have a greater burden of disability than those without suspected birth asphyxia.
Successful Colonization of a Novel Urban Environment is Associated with an Urban Behavioural Syndrome in a Reed‐Nesting Waterbird
Authors: Minias Piotr 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUrbanization is currently considered one of the most rapid types of global environmental change. More and more wildlife species are subject to increasing anthropogenic disturbance, but only some of them adapt to become successful urban exploiters. Although a number of fixed life history characteristics may enhance population persistence in an urbanized landscape, behavioural traits are thought to be critical for colonization of a novel urban environment. Within the class of birds, behavioural responses to urban environment have been assessed mostly for passerine species. Here, I examined behavioural alterations in a recently founded urban population of a reed‐nesting rallid species, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. I found that urban coots adapted to nest in anthropogenically transformed littoral zones with scarce or no emergent vegetation, which precluded efficient nest concealment. Despite this, urban individuals spent, on average, less time incubating due to more frequent bouts off the nest than suburban conspecifics. This pattern was likely possible due to the relaxation of predation pressure in the colonized urban environment. Urban birds were also more aggressive, approached a human intruder at the nest more closely and were more likely to actively defend their nests. Finally, they had a reduced level of physiological stress (as measured with heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) when compared with suburban individuals. In conclusion, the behaviour of coots from the recently founded urban population was consistent with behavioural syndromes found in typical urban exploiters. The results support the central role of behavioural adaptation in successful colonization of novel environments by wildlife.
Effects of Familiarity and Population Density on Competitive Interactions and Growth: An Experimental Study on a Territorial Salmonid Fish
Authors: Závorka Libor , Näslund Joacim , Aldvén David , Höjesjö Johan , Johnsson Jörgen I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe deleterious effect of competition for space and food in animals increases with increasing population density. In contrast, familiarity towards conspecifics can relax the intensity of interference competition. Here, we hypothesized that familiarity towards conspecifics mitigates the effect of density‐dependent growth and dispersal behaviour in territorial animals. To test this, wild‐captured juvenile brown trout were subjected to two consecutive laboratory experiments. First, growth and fin erosion were measured for 40 d in a 2 × 2 factorial design manipulating density and familiarity. The density was manipulated via size of experimental tanks, while per capita food abundance and fish number was constant. All fish were subsequently exposed to an emergence test, giving them the option to leave their group and disperse to a novel unoccupied environment. The results show that familiarity increases growth and decreases the level of fin erosion (i.e. proxy of intensity of aggressive interactions). We found no significant effect of population density on growth rate. However, there was a tendency towards higher fin erosion in fish kept under high density. The growth of individuals was also affected by their size rank within the group, with the largest individuals in each group growing disproportionally faster than the rest of the group, probably due to their high social rank. However, the second and third fish in the size rank did not grow significantly faster and tended to suffer higher mortality than the rest of the group. During the emergence test, the largest individuals in the familiar groups left the shelter either as the first (six of 12 groups) or last (five of 12 groups) individual in the group, while no such pattern was observed in unfamiliar groups. Our results suggest that individuals in familiar groups receive less aggression and stress (i.e. fin damage) and grow faster than fish in unfamiliar groups. The mechanisms indicated in this laboratory study may be especially important in highly fecund organisms like fish which undergo density‐dependent bottlenecks during early life.
Case series: Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in eight horses
Authors: Barakzai S. Z. , Turner S. J. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPersistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (pDDSP) is a relatively rare equine disorder. This case series reports histories and clinical findings in 8 cases of pDDSP, and outcome after treatment of concurrent epiglottic entrapment (n = 3), laryngeal tie‐forward (n = 6) ± laser staphylectomy (n = 2), and/or sectioning of mucosa ventral to the epiglottis and thehyoepiglotticusmuscles (n = 2). Four of 6 horses that underwent tie‐forward ± laser staphylectomy had complete resolution of pDDSP and returned to their previous level of work, as did one horse that had a subepiglottic releasing incision. Correction of concurrent epiglottic entrapment in 3 horses with pDDSP did not result in resolution of pDDSP in any case. Previous laryngeal surgery including laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy appear to be risk factors for the development of pDDSP.
Effect of superfine grinding on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel
Authors: Zhong Chen , Zu Yuangang , Zhao Xiuhua , Li Yong , Ge Yunlong , Wu Weiwei , Zhang Yin , Li Yuanyuan , Guo Dongjie 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPomegranate peel powders were prepared by superfine grinding, whose effects were investigated on the composition, functional and antioxidant properties of the pomegranate peel products. Fluidised bed jet milling technology was used to process superfine pomegranate peel powder. The physical–chemical properties of coarse powder A (D50 = 413.4 μm) and B (D50 = 197.1 μm), fine powder C (D50 = 142.6 μm) and D (D50 = 41.2 μm), superfine powder E (D50 = 7.68 μm) and raw material powder (RMP) (D50 = 352.2 μm) were investigated in this study. SEM images revealed the shape and surface morphology of six pomegranate peel powders. The physical determinations showed that the smaller the powder particle size was, the greater the surface area (from 0.214 to 1.597 m2 g−1) and bulk density (from 0.653 to 0.751 g mL−1) were, the smaller the angles of repose (from 51.69° to 38.74°) and slide (from 48.32° to 34.18°) were. The water holding capacity (WHC), water‐solubility index (WSI), polyphenols and flavonoids release were significantly improved as the size of pomegranate peel particle decreased. The results of FTIR and UV indicated that grinding process would not influence chemical composition of pomegranate peel. Vitamin C (VC) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used in DPPH scavenging activity determination, and DPPH scavenging activity was A < RMP < BHT < B < C < D < E < VC.
Diversity of polyphenols in the peel of apple (Malus sp.) germplasm from different countries of origin
Authors: Guo Shaojian , Guan Le , Cao Yuegang , Li Chunfeng , Chen Jie , Li Jihu , Liu Guotian , Li Shaohua , Wu Benhong 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study investigated ten polyphenolic compounds in the peel of 145 apple cultivars grown in the same location while originated from different countries over two successive years. Despite significant year effect of individual and total polyphenol concentrations on each cultivar, both concentrations showed similar distributions in the 2 years, and genotypic correlations among them were relatively stable. Genotypic variations were considerable, with total polyphenol concentration ranging from 363.9 to 2516.9 μg g−1 FW. Cyanidin‐3‐galactoside was found only in red apple peels, at levels of 67.8–371.6 μg g−1 FW. Flavanols (epicatechin and catechin) and dihydrochalcones (mainly phloridzin) accounted for 8.8–66.1% and 8.58–61.2% of total polyphenols, respectively. Six flavonols (quercetin‐3‐galactoside, quercetin‐3‐glucoside, quercetin‐3‐rhamnoside, quercetin‐3‐xyloside, quercetin‐3‐arabinoside, and quercetin‐3‐rhamnoglucoside) were identified. The proportion of flavonols was 9.3–70.6% of total polyphenols. This wide variation could help in selecting cultivars with different polyphenol patterns in the peel. Principal component analysis showed that cultivars originated from different countries could not be distinguished in terms of polyphenol profiles.
Phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and potential bioaccessibilities of industrial pomegranate nectar processing wastes
Authors: Surek Ece , Nilufer‐Erdil Dilara 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAntioxidant potential and bioaccessibility of co‐products from industrial pasteurised pomegranate nectar (PN) processing such as peel (PP), press cake (PC) and precipitate after clarification (PAC) in comparison with raw material (arils) and final products (CON and PN) were determined. Total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC), tannin contents (TTC) and antioxidant activity (TAA) were determined besides identifying major phenolics and investigating in vitro bioaccessibility after gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. PP showed the highest values, except for TAC. Phenolics (12.7–43.0%) were found to be more stable than anthocyanins (0.6–2.1%) after in vitro GI digestion. PAC was found to be a better source for anthocyanins than CON and also showed higher phenolic bioaccessibility (28.8%) than PN (19.6%). PC and PAC possessed as much TPC, TFC, TTC and TAA levels as CON, with some exceptions. Therefore, these results indicated that not only PP but also PC and PAC should be valorised as a good source for phenolics and anthocyanins.
The prevalence of CALR mutations in a cohort of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Grinsztejn E. , Percy M. J. , McClenaghan D. , Quintana M. , Cuthbert R. J. G. , McMullin M. F. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIntroductionTo investigate the prevalence of calreticulin (CALR) mutations in JAK2‐ and MPL‐non‐mutated patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) from a large MPN clinic and confirm a diagnosis of MPN.MethodsJAK2/MPL‐non‐mutated patients from the Belfast City Hospital (BCH) with either of the MPNs – ET or MF – and diagnosed between 1988 and 2014 were selected for CALR screen. All cases were validated according to the WHO 2008 classification for MPNs. Statistical analysis was performed with Minitab 16 Statistical Software package. Exon 9 of CALR was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA, and mutations were detected by fragment analysis.ResultsOf the 62 JAK2/MPL‐non‐mutated MPN patients screened, 57 had ET and 5 had MF; 34 patients (53.1%) carried CALR mutations. Three of 5 MF patients were CALR positive. Thirty‐one ET patients (54.3%) harboured CALR mutation, whereas 26 (45.7%) were classified as ‘triple negatives’.ConclusionDetection of CALR mutations in a cohort of JAK2/MPL‐non‐mutated patients with suspected MPN confirmed the diagnosis of MPN in around 53% of cases. This is lower than initially reported, but similar to subsequent studies. However, a sizable cohort of patients remains lacking a specific molecular marker.
Valuation and Forecasting Roles of Dividends of Indonesian Listed Firms
Authors: Hutagaol‐Martowidjojo Yanthi , Valentincic Aljosa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe study the role of dividends in valuation and in forecasting future earnings in a low‐protection environment with highly concentrated ownership that is expected to yield low earnings quality. Using a sample of 372 distinct Indonesian firms listed on the IDX during the period 1995 to 2012 we show that dividends are reliably positively priced by the capital market, violating thus the dividend displacement theorem. This result persists even after controlling for some typical factors that affect firm value (capital structure, risk) and the effect of factors not separately identified, but priced by the Indonesian capital market (other information). Dividends replace accounting earnings entirely in valuation. Dividends are positively correlated to future earnings over and above current accounting earnings and other accounting and market variables. Both findings show that dividends play a central role on the Indonesian capital market. Finally, we show evidence consistent with the view that earnings management of Indonesian firms after 2002 is contractually efficient rather than opportunistic.
Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss assessed by a novel assay: Report of a preliminary study
Authors: Erkenekli Kudret , Sanhal Cem Yasar , Yucel Aykan , Bicer Cemile Koca , Erel Ozcan , Uygur Dilek 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and oxidative stress (OS) by means of thiol/disulfide homeostasis via a novel technique.MethodsThirty‐nine pregnant women diagnosed with idiopathic RPL were compared with 50 healthy pregnant women without a history of abortion. Idiopathic RPL was defined as experiencing two or more consecutive miscarriages prior to 20 weeks of gestation with the presence of normal karyotypes of couple and/or abortus materials, negative maternal screening for anticardiolipin, anti β 2 glycoprotein antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, normal thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin and hemoglobin A1C levels and normal pelvic sonography and/or hysterosalpingography. A new and fully automated method was used to measure plasma native thiol, total thiol and disulfide levels, based on the reduction of dynamic disulfide bonds to functional thiol groups by sodium borohydrate.ResultsWomen with idiopathic RPL had significantly lower plasma levels of native thiol (341.89 ± 50.0 μmol/L vs. 390.84 ± 38.5 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and total thiol (386.18 ± 51.7 μmol/L vs. 435.78 ± 42.3 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Disulfide/thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the study group. The native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower in patients with idiopathic RPL. No difference was measured in disulfide, albumin and total protein plasma levels.ConclusionsThe main outcome of our study indicates a relation between idiopathic RPL and OS. More importantly, the new method used in our study proposes a promising, practical and daily applicable test for evaluating patients with idiopathic RPL. © 2015 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology