bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung von Modellunsicherheiten bei Stahlbetonstrukturen
Authors: Krawtschuk Alexander , Strauß Alfred , Haider Katharina , Zimmermann Thomas , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIm konstruktiven Brückenbau sind die Instandhaltungsstrategien und die damit verbundenen Investitionskosten von der Bauart, der Qualität und vom Entwurfskonzept abhängig. Heutzutage neigen Brückenbetreiber und Planer beim Bau von Brücken dazu, Lebenszyklusanalysen in ihren Entscheidungsprozess aufzunehmen, um die Gesamtwirkung, die strukturelle Zuverlässigkeit und Langlebigkeit sowie den finanziellen Aufwand zu optimieren. Dennoch führen Bemühungen, die zu erwartenden Lebenserhaltungskosten mittels bewährten Konstruktionsprinzipien zu reduzieren, zu unbekannten Risiken. Permanente als auch kurzfristige Monitoring‐Konzepte können die Unsicherheiten neuer Konzepte durch Beobachtung der Leistung der Bauteile während einer vorgeschriebenen Zeitdauer reduzieren. Die Ziele dieser Arbeit sind die Diskussion der wirksamen Einbeziehung von Monitoring‐Daten im Modell durch Einflusslinien‐ und Modellkorrekturfaktoren‐Konzepte, die Untersuchung der Funktionalität der Monitoring‐Systeme einschließlich Fehlerbehebung und die inverse Ermittlung und Bewertung der Sensor‐Eigenschaften und Überwachung der Daten. Die vorgeschlagene Methodik wird an einem bestehenden fugenlosen Dreifeldbrückensystem als integratives Überwachungssystem angewendet.Novel monitoring techniques for abutment free bridge structuresIn structural bridge engineering, maintenance strategies and thus budgetary demands are highly influenced by construction type and quality of design. Nowadays bridge owners and planners tend to include life‐cycle cost analyses in their decision processes regarding the overall design trying to optimize structural reliability and durability within financial constraints. However, efforts to reduce maintenance costs over the expected lifetime by adopting well established design principles lead to unknown risks concerning for instance boundary conditions. Smart permanent and short term monitoring concepts can reduce the associated risk of new design concepts by observing the performance of structural components during prescribed time periods. The objectives of this article are the discussion of concepts for (a) the effective incorporation of monitoring data in model updating procedures by means of the influence line and the model correct factor concept, (b) the investigation of the functionality of monitoring systems including error tracking, and (c) the inverse identification and evaluation of sensor properties and monitoring values. The proposed methodology will be applied to an integrative monitoring system applied on an existing three‐span joint less bridge structure.
Development and validation of an LC‐ESI‐MS/MS quantification method for a potentialγ‐aminobutyric acid transporter 3 (GAT3) marker and its application in preliminary MS binding assays
Authors: Polley Maria , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus Theodor 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBinding assays for theγ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT3 can be assumed to significantly facilitate screening for respective inhibitors. As appropriate labeled ligands for this promising drug target are not available so far, we started efforts to set up mass spectrometry‐based binding assays (MS binding assays), for which labeled markers are not required. Therefore, we developed a sensitive and rapid LC‐ESI‐MS/MS quantification method for DDPM‐1007 {(RS)‐1‐[4,4,4‐Tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)but‐2‐en‐1‐yl]piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid}, one of the most potent GAT3 inhibitors yet known, as a potential GAT3 marker. Using a 50 × 2 mm C8column in combination with a mobile phase composed of 10 mmammonium bicarbonate buffer pH 8.0 and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 450 μL/min DDPM‐1007 could be analyzed in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode [(m/z) 502.5 → 265.4] within a chromatographic cycle time of 3 min. Deuterated DDPM‐1007 [(2H9)DDPM‐1007] was synthesized and employed as internal standard. This way DDPM‐1007 could be quantified in a range from 100 pmto10 nmin the matrix resulting from respective binding experiments without any sample preparation. The established quantification method met the requirements of the FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation concerning linearity and intra‐ and inter‐batch accuracy. Based on this LC‐ESI‐MS/MS quantification preliminary MS binding assays employing membrane preparations obtained from a stably GAT3 expressing HEK293 cell line and DDPM‐1007 as nonlabeled GAT3 marker could be performed. In these experiments specific binding of DDPM‐1007 at GAT3 could be unambiguously detected. Additionally, the established LC‐MS method provides a suitable analytical tool for further pharmacokinetic characterization of DDPM‐1007, as exemplified for its logDdetermination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damit Blut nicht verklumpt
Authors: Geiger Jörg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThrombozytenaggregationshemmer sind sowohl aus Sicht der Chemie als auch der Biochemie eine außergewöhnliche Familie von Pharmaka. Der Grund für die Vielfalt an Aggregationshemmern und die kontinuierliche Suche nach neuen liegt in den besonderen Anforderungen an diese Substanzen. Die Medikamente müssen mit hoher Wirksamkeit auch bei längerer Anwendung sehr gut verträglich sein, dürfen kaum Nebenwirkungen aufweisen und müssen möglichst einfach anzuwenden sein. Durch ausgeklügelte Modifizierungen der Leitstrukturen werden diese Anforderungen erfüllt und die Bioverfügbarkeit und Wirksamkeit optimiert. Die wichtigsten biochemischen Ziele der Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer sind heute die Hemmung der Thromboxansynthese und der ADP‐Rezeptoren, aber eine Reihe neuer, vielversprechender Zielstrukturen wird gegenwärtig auf ihre Eignung untersucht und erste Wirkstoffe sind in Aussicht.
Vanilla or Vanillin? Chemie einmal bilingual
Authors: Schumacher Elke 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer Frage Vanille oder Vanillin, Naturstoff oder Syntheseprodukt gingen 20 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus den Klassenstufen 9 bis 12 einen Labortag lang im Alfried‐Krupp‐Schülerlabor an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum nach. Sie waren als erfolgreiche Teilnehmer der 2. Runde der Chemie‐Olympiade aus NRW der Einladung der Landesbeauftragten für die Chemie‐Olympiade, Birgit Vieler, und des Labors gefolgt, um anhand des Beispiels Vanillearoma Möglichkeiten der Gewinnung und Unterscheidung von natürlichen, naturidentischen und künstlichen Aromastoffen kennenzulernen. Das Projekt wurde an diesem Tag bilingual in englischer Sprache durchgeführt, kann aber auch in deutscher Sprache gebucht werden.
Influence of Surfactants on Degradation of 1‐(2‐Chlorobenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl) Urea by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron
Authors: Zhou Qingxiang , Lin Haiying 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) has been proved to be effective in the degradation of environmental pollutants and exhibits advantages in the removal of 1‐(2‐chlorobenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl) urea (CCU), an analog of diflubenzuron. This present study focused on the influence of surfactants in the degradation procedure with NZVI in order to provide a simple and rapid removal method for CCU. Triton X‐100, Tween 20, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were investigated under anaerobic conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the degradation rate increased sharply with the presence of SD during the first 15 min, up to 99.97% with addition of 0.01 g L−1 SDS, whereas the presence of Triton X‐100, Tween 80, and Tween 20 resulted in a slight enhancement of the degradation of CCU. The enhancement strength of them was in the order Tween 20, Triton X‐100, and Tween 80. However, addition of the cationic surfactant CTAB resulted in a significant inhibitive effect. In contrast, the mixed surfactants did not result in the expected performance, and the performance was lower than that using some certain single surfactant among the mixed surfactants.
Tidal and Fluvial Influence on Shallow Groundwater Fluctuation in Coastal Wetlands in Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Luan Zhaoqing , Deng Wei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn coastal wetland, groundwater is influenced by both tidal processes and land hydrological processes. To study the influences of tidal processes and river runoff on the shallow groundwater dynamic in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta, surface and shallow groundwater depth were monitored. It was found that in the east part of the study area where close to the shoreline, surface is characteristic of obvious periodicity, the fluctuation of surface water was mainly controlled by tidal processes. As to the shallow groundwater, fluctuation of water depth is also influenced by the tidal process and has obvious periodicity similar to the surface water. In the north part of the study area, the shallow groundwater is mainly influenced by the Yellow River runoff. The influence distance of tidal processes and river runoff on shallow groundwater system is 14 700 and 11 600 m, respectively.
Anatomical basis of sun compass navigation II: The neuronal composition of the central complex of the monarch butterfly
Authors: Heinze Stanley , Florman Jeremy , Asokaraj Surainder , el Jundi Basil , Reppert Steven M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEach fall, eastern North American monarch butterflies in their northern range undergo a long‐distance migration south to their overwintering grounds in Mexico. Migrants use a time‐compensated sun compass to determine directionality during the migration. This compass system uses information extracted from sun‐derived skylight cues that is compensated for time of day and ultimately transformed into the appropriate motor commands. The central complex (CX) is likely the site of the actual sun compass, because neurons in this brain region are tuned to specific skylight cues. To help illuminate the neural basis of sun compass navigation, we examined the neuronal composition of the CX and its associated brain regions. We generated a standardized version of the sun compass neuropils, providing reference volumes, as well as a common frame of reference for the registration of neuron morphologies. Volumetric comparisons between migratory and nonmigratory monarchs substantiated the proposed involvement of the CX and related brain areas in migratory behavior. Through registration of more than 55 neurons of 34 cell types, we were able to delineate the major input pathways to the CX, output pathways, and intrinsic neurons. Comparison of these neural elements with those of other species, especially the desert locust, revealed a surprising degree of conservation. From these interspecies data, we have established key components of a conserved core network of the CX, likely complemented by species‐specific neurons, which together may comprise the neural substrates underlying the computations performed by the CX. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:267–298, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of vascular networks: A mathematical model approach
Authors: Yang Jian , Wang Yongtian 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, methods for the modeling of a realistic vascular tree in 3D space and for hemodynamic calculating throughout the simulated tree structure have been developed. Vascular trees are generated based on the power law relationship. Variations in branching asymmetry and segment length of the vasculature are precisely controlled by the designed Gaussian distributions. The resolution limit of current imaging techniques for vessel detectability is simulated by designed pruning technique. On the basis of the generated diameters and lengths, the space locations of the vessel segments are calculated by optimizing the out‐of‐plane angles of two daughter branches. The generated vascular tree not only follows the power law relationship, but also maximizes the filling volume of the tree structure in 3D space. From the hemodynamic calculation in the simulated vasculature, the processes for which structural changes affect hemodynamic distributions are studied in detail. And also, the fractal nature and resistance of the vascular trees are quantified and compared. The developed method provides some insight into the design of the vascular trees in biology and may be used as a reference for the study of vascular diseases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of patient‐specific inlet boundary conditions in the numerical modelling of blood flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease
Authors: Hardman David , Semple Scott I. , Richards Jennifer M.J. , Hoskins Peter R. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThree inlet boundary condition datasets were derived from phase‐contrast MRI: (i) centre line velocity data converted to two‐dimensional (2D) velocity profile using Womersley equations (Womersley), (ii) 2D velocity profile with one axial component of velocity (1CV), (iii) 2D velocity profile with three components of velocity (3CV). Computational fluid dynamics was performed using a rigid wall approach with geometry data extracted from the computed tomography dataset. Helical flow was present in the 1CV and 3CV simulations, with more complex patterns for the 3CV case. The Womersley method produced simplified flow patterns with an absence of helical flow. Mean values of quantitative indices (helical flow index, mean wall shear stress, oscillatory index) were compared with the 3CV inlet data. These were lower for both the Womersley inlet data (28%, 71%, 56%) and the 1CV inlet data (9%, 24%, 69%). It was concluded that inlet methods based on centre line velocity, such as might be obtained from Doppler ultrasound, lead to significantly simplified abdominal aortic aneurysm haemodynamics and thus are not recommended. Single velocity component (axial) data from MRI might suffice when general flow characteristics and spatial wall shear stress are required. Ideally 2D MRI velocity profiles with 3‐velocity component data are preferred to fully account for helical flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microgel Capsules Tailored by Droplet‐Based Microfluidics
Authors: Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrogel capsules are micrometer‐sized particles that consist of a cross‐linked, solvent‐swollen polymer network complexed with additives. These particles have various applications, such as drug delivery, catalysis, and analytics. To optimize the performance of microgel capsules, it is crucial to control their size, shape, and content of encapsulated additives with high precision. There are two classes of microgel‐capsule structures. One class comprises bulk microcapsules that consist of a polymer network spanning the entire particle and entrapping the additive within its meshes. The other class comprises core–shell structures; in this case, the microgel polymer network just forms the shell of the particles, whereas their interior is hollow and hosts the encapsulated payload. Both types of structures can be produced with exquisite control by droplet‐based microfluidic templating followed by subsequent droplet gelation. This article highlights some early and recent achievements in the use of this technique to tailor soft microgel capsules; it also discusses applications of these particles. A special focus is on the encapsulation of living cells, which are very sensitive and complex but also very useful additives for immobilization within microgel particles.
Numerical investigation of magnetic field effect on pressure in cylindrical and hemispherical silicon CZ crystal growth
Authors: Mokhtari F. , Bouabdallah A. , Merah A. , Oualli H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of axial magnetic field of different intensities on pressure in silicon Czochralski crystal growth is investigated in cylindrical and hemispherical geometries with rotating crystal and crucible and thermocapillary convection. As one important thermodynamic variable, the pressure is found to be more sensitive than temperature to magnetic field with strong dependence upon the vorticity field. The pressure at the triple point is proposed as a convenient parameter to control the homogeneity of the grown crystal. With a gradual increase of the magnetic field intensity the convection effect can be reduced without thermal fluctuations in the silicon melt. An evaluation of the magnetic interaction parameter critical value corresponding to flow, pressure and temperature homogenization leads to the important result that a relatively low axial magnetic field is required for the spherical system comparatively to the cylindrical one.
T/B ratio does not reflect levels of ZAP70 expression in clonal CLL B‐cells due to ZAP70 overexpression in patient T‐cells
Authors: Rizzo David , Bouvier Gaëlle , Youlyouz‐Marfak Ibtissam , Guerin Estelle , Trimoreau Franck , Bordessoule Dominique , Jaccard Arnaud , Gachard Nathalie , Feuillard Jean 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFlow cytometry is the reference technique for assessing ZAP70 expression, a marker of poor prognosis in CLL. One of the most common methods is to assess ZAP70 levels in CLL cells by calculating the ratio between ZAP70 mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs) in residual T‐cells and CLL B‐cells (ZAP70 T/B ratio). In this study, we developed a new method for ZAP70 labeling. Cells were labeled with a combination of anti ZAP70 phycoerythrin‐conjugated SBZAP monoclonal antibody (mAb) and mAbs against CD45, CD19, and CD5. The latter three were used to specifically gate on different lymphocyte subsets. Staining was performed in absence (test) or in presence of excess unconjugated SBZAP mAb (isoclonic control). A so‐called ZAP70 isoclonic ratio between SBZAP MFIs in the test and isoclonic control was calculated. A series of 32 patients with CLL and 10 normal controls were studied. Prediction of IGHV mutation status by ZAP70 isoclonic and T/B ratios was similar. By using the ZAP70 isoclonic ratio, we showed that ZAP70 expression was increased in T‐cells from CLL patients. Nearly all cases with increased ZAP70 expression in CLL cells were associated with high ZAP70 expression in cognate T‐cells. Therefore, the ZAP70 isoclonic ratio was more likely to closely reflect the biology of ZAP70 dysregulation rather than the T/B ratio. These results also explained why ZAP70 T/B ratios were artefactually close to normal in cells from CLL patients with high levels of ZAP70. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Germylene and (Diazomethyl)germylene Complexes – Potential Precursors for a Transition‐Metal–Germa‐Alkyne Complex
Authors: Bonnefille Eric , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Couret Claude , Mazières Stéphane 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of chlorogermylenes and (diazomethyl)germylenes involving the germanium atom coordinated to a tungsten pentacarbonyl group are reported. Treatment of chlorogermylene 1 with pentacarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran) tungsten led to chlorogermylene complex 2 in good yield. A similar reaction with (diazomethyl)germylene 3 gave complex 4, which rapidly lost the trimethylsilyl moiety to generate tungsten complex 5. Otherwise, complex 5 was obtained directly by reaction of the lithium salt of trimethylsilyldiazomethane with complex 2. Complexes 2 and 5 were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The photolysis of 5 was studied with the aim of generating a germa‐alkyne complex.
Multiple candidates bit‐flipping algorithms for decoding LDPC codes
Authors: Huang Zhiliang , Chen Ming , Diao Chunjuan , Chen Hua‐Min 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis letter proposes an effective scheme to improve the error performance of conventional bit‐flipping (BF) algorithms for decoding low‐density parity‐check codes. The proposed scheme, which is referred to as the multiple‐candidates (MC) scheme, constructs a set of candidates for the starting vector of the iterative decoding procedure. Each candidate vector in the set is generated by randomly flipping several high error probability bits of the original hard‐decision vector. Simulation results show that two typical BF algorithms applying the MC scheme achieve noticeable gains over the original BF algorithms with moderate increase in computational cost. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving identification of lynch syndrome patients: A comparison of research data with clinical records
Authors: Tan Yen Y. , McGaughran Julie , Ferguson Kaltin , Walsh Michael D. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Young Joanne P. , Webb Penelope M. , Obermair Andreas , Spurdle Amanda B. ,   on behalf of the ANECS Group
Published: December 2012

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests poor identification and referral of Lynch syndrome patients. This study evaluated the strategies by which patients with endometrial cancer were referred to genetics services. Data from clinic‐based patients with endometrial cancer enrolled through the Australian National Endometrial Cancer population‐based research study with detailed family history information were analyzed. The Amsterdam II criteria, the revised Bethesda guidelines, and criteria adapted for this study was assessed using personal/family history information. The percentages of patients referred and who could have been referred to genetics services, and the performance of each criterion for identifying possible mismatch‐repair (MMR) gene mutation carriers, based on tumor MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC), were determined. Research data indicated that 236/397(59%) of patients with endometrial cancer had family/personal history of cancer, including 14 (4%) who fulfilled Amsterdam II criteria. Family history information was noted in the hospital records for only 61(15%) patients, including 7/14 (50%) of patients meeting Amsterdam criteria, and always less extensively than that recorded in the research setting. Only 13 patients (two meeting Amsterdam criteria) were referred for genetic assessment. Of 58 patients with tumor MMR protein‐IHC loss, the Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines identified only three and 34% of these possible germline mutation carriers, respectively. Greater sensitivity (60%) was obtained using a single criterion proposed by our study, ≥2 first‐degree or second‐degree relatives reporting Lynch cancers. Hospital records indicate poor recognition of family history. Application of research methods show improved identification and may facilitate appropriate referrals of endometrial cancer patients with possible Lynch syndrome.