bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reduces Cellular Myeloid Differentiation Primary-Response Gene 88 (MyD88) Expression via Modulation of Its RNA
Authors: Lingel Amy , Ehlers Erica , Wang Qianli , Cao Mingxia , Wood Charles , Lin Rongtuan , Zhang Luwen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus associated with several human malignancies. The replication and transcription activator (RTA) is necessary and sufficient for the switch from KSHV latency to lytic replication. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a major mediator for inflammation and plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is an essential adaptor molecule for IL-1 as well as most Toll-like receptor signaling. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which KSHV interferes with host inflammation and immunity. KSHV RTA specifically reduces the steady-state protein levels of MyD88, and physiological levels of MyD88 are downregulated during KSHV lytic replication when RTA is expressed. The N-terminal region of RTA is required for the reduction of MyD88. Additional studies demonstrated that RTA targets MyD88 expression at the RNA level, inhibits RNA synthesis of MyD88, and may bind MyD88 RNA. Finally, RTA inhibits IL-1-mediated activation of NF-κB. Because IL-1 is abundant in the KS microenvironment and inhibits KSHV replication, this work may expand our understanding of how KSHV evades host inflammation and immunity for its survival
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE
MyD88 is an important molecule for IL-1-mediated inflammation and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. This work shows that KSHV inhibits MyD88 expression through a novel mechanism. KSHV RTA may bind to MyD88 RNA, suppresses RNA synthesis of MyD88, and inhibits IL-1-mediated signaling. This work may expand our understanding of how KSHV evades host inflammation and immunity.
Estimating Multidimensional Persistent Homology Through a Finite Sampling
Authors: Cavazza Niccolò , Ferri Massimo , Landi Claudia 
Published: October 2015

An exact computation of the persistent Betti numbers of a submanifold [Formula: see text] of a Euclidean space is possible only in a theoretical setting. In practical situations, only a finite sample of [Formula: see text] is available. We show that, under suitable density conditions, it is possible to estimate the multidimensional persistent Betti numbers of [Formula: see text] from the ones of a union of balls centered on the sample points; this even yields the exact value in restricted areas of the domain. Using these inequalities we improve a previous lower bound for the natural pseudodistance to assess dissimilarity between the shapes of two objects from a sampling of them. Similar inequalities are proved for the multidimensional persistent Betti numbers of the ball union and the one of a combinatorial description of it.
Landscape and geotourism on the Dutch coast in the seventeenth century as depicted by landscape artists
Authors: van den Ancker J. A. M. Hanneke , Jungerius Pieter Dirk 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The first evidence of tourism on the Dutch coast can be found in drawings and etchings from the end of the sixteenth century. In this period Holland developed into one of the most urbanized regions of Europe. The interest in landscape originated in the towns. The first scenes depicted are those of mass tourism on the beach: sensation-mongers drawn to the beach by whales, sailing cars and departing kings and queens. Somewhat later the dune landscape became a main recreational focus, in which the physical aspects of the landscape were also appreciated. Around the town of Haarlem, individuals and small groups of people started exploring the dune landscape. In the wake of this new interest, landscape painting developed as an artistic genre. It became the most popular genre in the first half of the seventeenth century, and Haarlem developed as a centre for landscape painters. This paper discusses geomorphological features and geotourism engagement as depicted in several of the early etchings and landscape paintings.
Sclerorhynchus atavus
and the convergent evolution of rostrum-bearing chondrichthyans
Authors: Underwood Charlie , Smith Moya Meredith , Johanson Zerina 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

The description of a partial but well-preserved head of the sclerorhynchid batoid
Sclerorhynchus atavus
Woodward, 1889 gave the first clear indication of the presence of a puzzling group of extinct rostrum-bearing rays that resembled both the Pristidae (rays) and the Pristophoridae (sharks). Despite recognizing similarities to and differences from these extant groups, Smith Woodward suggested that
Sclerorhynchus
be assigned to the Pristidae, although acknowledging that the rostra are very different. Smith Woodward did note similarities of
Sclerorhynchus
rostrum saw-teeth to those of the Pristiophoridae, including the location of these along the margin of the rostrum, rather than in deep sockets as seen along the pristid rostrum. In addition, the type specimen of
Sclerorhynchus
has not only very distinct saw-tooth denticles along the rostrum, but also modified denticles along the sides of the head, as in the Pristiophoridae. The enlarged rostral denticles of
Sclerorhynchus
also appear to rotate into position, another feature seen in the pristiophorids but not in the pristids nor in other sclerorhynchids such as
Libanopristis
. Although individual fossil rostral tooth-like denticles had been described earlier, Smith Woodward's description of a rostrum and associated rostral tooth-like denticles meant that for the first time a fossil rostrum could be compared with living forms.
Cochliodonts and chimaeroids: Arthur Smith Woodward and the holocephalians
Authors: Duffin Christopher J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Fossil chondrichthyan teeth played an important part in the establishment of a scientific understanding of ‘formed stones’. Following a slowly emerging taxonomy, Louis Agassiz presented the first comprehensive guide to Palaeozoic chondrichthyans in the 1830s. The next contribution of any substance was Arthur Smith Woodward's
Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History)
with a historical, descriptive and systematic review of the chondrichthyans, a group on which he already had an impressively large publication record. Initially stimulated by his observations on an articulated petalodont dentition (
Climaxodus
), Smith Woodward erected the Bradyodonti in 1921. Defined on the possession of dentitions with very slow growth rates, only seven or eight successional teeth produced throughout the lifetime of the fish, and retention rather than shedding of earlier teeth, primarily by fusion to later ones, the bradyodonts embraced petalodonts, psammodonts, copodonts and cochliodonts. The establishment and subsequent demise of the bradyodonts is briefly reviewed here.
Invasive Bladder Cancer: Genomic Insights and Therapeutic Promise
Authors: Kim Jaegil , Akbani Rehan , Creighton Chad J. , Lerner Seth P. , Weinstein John N. , Getz Gad , Kwiatkowski David J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Invasive bladder cancer, for which there have been few therapeutic advances in the past 20 years, is a significant medical problem associated with metastatic disease and frequent mortality. Although previous studies had identified many genetic alterations in invasive bladder cancer, recent genome-wide studies have provided a more comprehensive view. Here, we review those recent findings and suggest therapeutic strategies. Bladder cancer has a high mutation rate, exceeded only by lung cancer and melanoma. About 65% of all mutations are due to APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis. There is a high frequency of mutations and/or genomic amplification or deletion events that affect many of the canonical signaling pathways involved in cancer development: cell cycle, receptor tyrosine kinase, RAS, and PI-3-kinase/mTOR. In addition, mutations in chromatin-modifying genes are unusually frequent in comparison with other cancers, and mutation or amplification of transcription factors is also common. Expression clustering analyses organize bladder cancers into four principal groups, which can be characterized as luminal, immune undifferentiated, luminal immune, and basal. The four groups show markedly different expression patterns for urothelial differentiation (keratins and uroplakins) and immunity genes (CD274 and CTLA4), among others. These observations suggest numerous therapeutic opportunities, including kinase inhibitors and antibody therapies for genes in the canonical signaling pathways, histone deacetylase inhibitors and novel molecules for chromatin gene mutations, and immune therapies, which should be targeted to specific patients based on genomic profiling of their cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4514–24. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Prospects and Challenges of Therapeutic Nanoparticles in Cancer
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Aminur , Shin Dong M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In their review article published in the March 1, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Cho and colleagues presented the strong potential of nanotechnology in cancer. This commentary discusses the latest advances in nanotechnology, which provide novel approaches for cancer diagnosis, imaging, drug delivery, and personalized therapy; highlights the perspectives for therapeutic nanoparticles; and describes the advantages and challenges of their multifunctionalities. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4499–501. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Cho et al., Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(5) March 1, 2008;1310–6
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and incidence of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Svensson Peter J. , Melander Olle , Persson Margaretha , Engström Gunnar 
Published: October 2015

SummaryRaised plasma levels of the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Whether suPAR is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between suPAR and incidence of VTE in a cohort study. suPAR was measured in 5,203 subjects (aged 46–68 years, 58 % women) from the general population, who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study between 1991 and 1994. Incident cases of VTE were identified from the Swedish patient register during a mean follow-up of 15.7 years. Of 5,203 subjects with measurements of suPAR, 239 had VTE during follow-up (127 venous thrombosis, 86 lung embolism, 26 both). Incidence of VTE was significantly higher in subjects with suPAR levels in the top quartile. Adjusted for age and sex, the HR (4th vs 1st quartile) was 1.74 (95%CI: 1.2–2.6, p for trend=0.003). After adjustments for risk factors, the HR was 1.66 (95 %CI: 1.1–2.5, p for trend=0.016). High level of suPAR was a risk indicator for incidence of VTE in this population-based cohort study. The causal relationships between suPAR and VTE remain to be explored.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Platelet-specific markers are associated with monocyte-platelet aggregate formation and thrombin generation potential in advanced atherosclerosis
Authors: Ay Cihan , Riedl Julia , Kopp Christoph W. , Eichelberger Beate , Koppensteiner Renate , Panzer Simon , Gremmel Thomas 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPlatelet activation and thrombin generation are crucial steps in primary and secondary haemostasis. However, both also play major roles in intravascular thrombus formation and therefore in the development of adverse cardiovascular events. In the current study, we first sought to investigate the associations of the platelet biomarkers platelet factor (PF)-4, thrombospondin (TSP)-1, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) with each other and with monocyte-platelet aggregate (MPA) formation in 316 patients undergoing angioplasty and stenting. To better understand the interplay between platelet activation and thrombin generation, we subsequently investigated the associations of the platelet biomarkers with thrombin generation potential. The mostly platelet-specific markers PF-4, TSP-1 and sCD40L correlated strongly with each other (all p < 0.001), and the best correlation was observed between PF-4 and TSP-1 (r=0.91). In contrast, sP-selectin, which derives from platelets and endothelial cells, correlated rather poorly with TSP-1 (r=0.12, p=0.04), and did not correlate with PF-4 and sCD40L. While PF-4, TSP-1 and sP-selectin correlated significantly with in vivo MPA formation (all p < 0.001), no such association was found between sCD40L and MPA formation. PF-4, TSP-1 and sCD40L correlated strongly with peak thrombin generation (all p < 0.001) with the best correlation between PF-4 and peak thrombin generation (r=0.55), whereas sP-selectin did not correlate with peak thrombin generation. Likewise, PF-4, TSP-1 and sCD40L correlated significantly with the area under the thrombin generation curve (AUC; all p< 0.01), whereas sP-selectin did not correlate with the AUC. In conclusion, platelet-specific markers are associated with MPA formation and thrombin generation potential in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
O filósofo & a arte
Authors: Soulages François 
Published: October 2015

Que inter-relações possíveis existem entre a pesquisa filosófica e a arte? Tal é o problema que será trabalhado neste texto, no qual, por falta de espaço, não faço mais que evocar as experiências pessoais do primeiro momento, reservando sua análise para um futuro livro. No segundo momento, serão tiradas as consequências dessas experiências traçando-se as grandes linhas de uma estética em inter-relação com a arte.
Mitate: a retórica japonesa da repetição renovada
Authors: Cordaro Madalena Hashimoto 
Published: October 2015

A retórica do mitate tem sido discutida nas últimas décadas como central na produção do período Edo, não só no campo da poesia como no da pintura. Almeja-se aqui fazer um estudo monográfico sobre o termo, destacando exemplos literários e pictóricos, bem como uma interpretação sobre os modos pelos quais este artifício retórico permeia a cultura japonesa de vários períodos.
Ouro dos tolos
Authors: Ewbank Antônio 
Published: October 2015

Este texto conta os assuntos com pedras, empilhando-os à maneira de Robert Smithson (1938-1973). Em 1965, o artista norte-americano apresentou pela primeira vez a obra dupla aqui em questão, de nome Quick Millions. Ao lado do objeto, uma pequena declaração fora redigida pelo artista para o catálogo da mostra ART ‘65: Lesser Known and Unknown Painters / Young American Sculpture – East to West, editado por Brian O’Doherty (Patrick Ireland). A fim de que a matéria impressa não aparecesse só ou mal acompanhada. Vem daí um monte de complicações.
Do vazio à expressão (ou: sem concessões): entrevista com Rubem Grilo
Authors: Reifschneider Oto Dias Becker 
Published: October 2015

Rubem Campos Grilo, mineiro de Pouso Alegre, nasceu em 1946. Desenvolve, desde o início da década de 1970, amplo e intenso trabalho na xilogravura. Ele é, hoje, um dos principais artistas em produção no país e um dos destaques da gravura brasileira. Essa entrevista em profundidade foi concedida a Oto Reifschneider na manhã do 20 de janeiro de 2012, em sua casa, no Rio de Janeiro.
Relationship Between Quantitative Adverse Plaque Features From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Downstream Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve by
13
N-Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Dey Damini , Diaz Zamudio Mariana , Schuhbaeck Annika , Juarez Orozco Luis Eduardo , Otaki Yuka , Gransar Heidi , Li Debiao , Germano Guido , Achenbach Stephan , Berman Daniel S. , Meave Aloha , Alexanderson Erick , Slomka Piotr J. 
Published: October 2015

Background—

We investigated the relationship of quantitative plaque features from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography and coronary vascular dysfunction by impaired myocardial flow reserve (MFR) by
13
N-Ammonia positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods and Results—

Fifty-one patients (32 men, 62.4±9.5 years) underwent combined rest–stress
13
N-ammonia PET and CT angiography scans by hybrid PET/CT. Regional MFR was measured from PET. From CT angiography, 153 arteries were evaluated by semiautomated software, computing arterial noncalcified plaque (NCP), low-density NCP (NCP<30 HU), calcified and total plaque volumes, and corresponding plaque burden (plaque volumex100%/vessel volume), stenosis, remodeling index, contrast density difference (maximum difference in luminal attenuation per unit area in the lesion), and plaque length. Quantitative stenosis, plaque burden, and myocardial mass were combined by boosted ensemble machine-learning algorithm into a composite risk score to predict impaired MFR (MFR≤2.0) by PET in each artery. Nineteen patients had impaired regional MFR in at least 1 territory (41/153 vessels). Patients with impaired regional MFR had higher arterial NCP (32.4% versus 17.2%), low-density NCP (7% versus 4%), and total plaque burden (37% versus 19.3%,
P
<0.02). In multivariable analysis with 10-fold cross-validation, NCP burden was the most significant predictor of impaired MFR (odds ratio, 1.35;
P
=0.021 for all). For prediction of impaired MFR with 10-fold cross-validation, receiver operating characteristics area under the curve for the composite score was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.91) greater than for quantitative stenosis (0.66, 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.76,
P
=0.005).

Conclusions—
Compared with stenosis, arterial NCP burden and a composite score combining quantitative stenosis and plaque burden from CT angiography significantly improves identification of downstream regional vascular dysfunction.
Med-CORDEX Initiative for Mediterranean Climate Studies
Authors: Ruti P. M. , Somot S. , Giorgi F. , Dubois C. , Flaounas E. , Obermann A. , Dell’Aquila A. , Pisacane G. , Harzallah A. , Lombardi E. , Ahrens B. , Akhtar N. , Alias A. , Arsouze T. , Aznar R. , Bastin S. , Bartholy J. , Béranger K. , Beuvier J. , Bouffies-Cloché S. , Brauch J. , Cabos W. , Calmanti S. , Calvet J.-C. , Carillo A. , Conte D. , Coppola E. , Djurdjevic V. , Drobinski P. , Elizalde-Arellano A. , Gaertner M. , Galàn P. , Gallardo C. , Gualdi S. , Goncalves M. , Jorba O. , Jordà G. , L’Heveder B. , Lebeaupin-Brossier C. , Li L. , Liguori G. , Lionello P. , Maciàs D. , Nabat P. , Önol B. , Raikovic B. , Ramage K. , Sevault F. , Sannino G. , Struglia M. V. , Sanna A. , Torma C. , Vervatis V. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Mediterranean is expected to be one of the most prominent and vulnerable climate change “hotspots” of the twenty-first century, and the physical mechanisms underlying this finding are still not clear. Furthermore, complex interactions and feedbacks involving ocean–atmosphere–land–biogeochemical processes play a prominent role in modulating the climate and environment of the Mediterranean region on a range of spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, it is critical to provide robust climate change information for use in vulnerability–impact–adaptation assessment studies considering the Mediterranean as a fully coupled environmental system. The Mediterranean Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (Med-CORDEX) initiative aims at coordinating the Mediterranean climate modeling community toward the development of fully coupled regional climate simulations, improving all relevant components of the system from atmosphere and ocean dynamics to land surface, hydrology, and biogeochemical processes. The primary goals of Med-CORDEX are to improve understanding of past climate variability and trends and to provide more accurate and reliable future projections, assessing in a quantitative and robust way the added value of using high-resolution and coupled regional climate models. The coordination activities and the scientific outcomes of Med-CORDEX can produce an important framework to foster the development of regional Earth system models in several key regions worldwide.
People living with psychosocial disability: Rehabilitation and recovery-informed service provision within the second Australian national survey of psychosis
Authors: Harvey Carol , Brophy Lisa , Parsons Samuel , Moeller-Saxone Kristen , Grigg Margaret , Siskind Dan 
Published: October 2015

Objective: People with psychosocial disability are an important, although often neglected, subgroup of those living with severe and persistent mental illness. Rehabilitation, provided through clinical and non-government organisations in Australia, may contribute to their personal recovery goals. We hypothesised that people with psychoses with the greatest disability and complex needs would receive services from both sectors, reflecting treatment and rehabilitation needs. Method: Participants in the 2010 Australian national survey of psychosis ( n = 1825) were interviewed to assess demographic, functional, mental and physical health characteristics and service use in the previous year. Two subgroups were created and compared: those using services from community mental health with, and without, non-governmental organisation involvement. Group membership was predicted by hierarchical logistic regression using variables selected on a priori grounds. Usefulness of the final model was examined by calculating improvement over the rate of accuracy achievable by chance alone. Results: The model was statistically significant but fell just short of useful (criterion 71.6%, model achieved 70.6%). Four independent variables contributed uniquely to predicting whether participants received both services (never married, childhood trauma, group accommodation, poor global functioning) consistent with the hypothesis. However, severe dysfunction in socialising was less likely to predict membership of the combined services group when compared with no dysfunction ( p = 0.001, odds ratio = 0.384, confidence interval = [0.218, 0.677]), as was current smoking compared with none ( p = 0.001, odds ratio = 0.606, confidence interval = [0.445, 0.824]). Conclusion: Findings suggest services provided by non-governmental organisations are targeted to those with the greatest disability although targeting could be improved. A subgroup of people with psychosis and severe disability in community mental health services do not access non-governmental services. Their unmet needs for rehabilitation and recovery have important implications for future development of community mental health, including the non-governmental sector.