bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and functional properties of uncultivated MCG archaea assessed by metagenome and gene expression analyses
Authors: Meng Jun , Xu Jun , Qin Dan , He Ying , Xiao Xiang , Wang Fengping 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Miscellaneous Crenarchaeota group (MCG) Archaea is one of the predominant archaeal groups in anoxic environments and may have significant roles in the global biogeochemical cycles. However, no isolate of MCG has been cultivated or characterized to date. In this study, we investigated the genetic organization, ecophysiological properties and evolutionary relationships of MCG archaea with other archaeal members using metagenome information and the result of gene expression experiments. A comparison of the gene organizations and similarities around the 16S rRNA genes from all available MCG fosmid and cosmid clones revealed no significant synteny among genomic fragments, demonstrating that there are large genetic variations within members of the MCG. Phylogenetic analyses of large-subunit+small-subunit rRNA, concatenated ribosomal protein genes and topoisomerases IB gene (TopoIB) all demonstrate that MCG constituted a sister lineage to the newly proposed archaeal phylum Aigarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Genes involved in protocatechuate degradation and chemotaxis were found in a MCG fosmid 75G8 genome fragment, suggesting that this MCG member may have a role in the degradation of aromatic compounds. Moreover, the expression of a putative 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase was observed when the sediment was supplemented with protocatechuate, further supporting the hypothesis that this MCG member degrades aromatic compounds.
Uncovering the role of elementary processes in network evolution
Authors: Ghoshal Gourab , Chi Liping , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe growth and evolution of networks has elicited considerable interest from the scientific community and a number of mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their observed degree distributions. Various microscopic processes have been incorporated in these models, among them, node and edge addition, vertex fitness and the deletion of nodes and edges. The existing models, however, focus on specific combinations of these processes and parameterize them in a way that makes it difficult to elucidate the role of the individual elementary mechanisms. We therefore formulated and solved a model that incorporates the minimal processes governing network evolution. Some contribute to growth such as the formation of connections between existing pair of vertices, while others capture deletion; the removal of a node with its corresponding edges, or the removal of an edge between a pair of vertices. We distinguish between these elementary mechanisms, identifying their specific role on network evolution.
RipD (Rv1566c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: adaptation of an NlpC/p60 domain to a non-catalytic peptidoglycan-binding function
Authors: Böth Dominic , Steiner Eva Maria , Izumi Atsushi , Schneider Gunter , Schnell Robert 
Published: October 2013

Enzymes carrying NlpC/p60 domains, for instance RipA and RipB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are bacterial peptidoglycan hydrolases that cleave the peptide stems and contribute to cell wall remodelling during cell division. A member of this protein family, RipD (Rv1566c) from M. tuberculosis described in the present study, displays sequence alterations in the NlpC/p60 catalytic triad and carries a pentapeptide repeat at its C-terminus. Bioinformatics analysis revealed RipD-like proteins in eleven mycobacterial genomes, whereas similar pentapeptide repeats occur in cell-wall-localized bacterial proteins and in a mycobacteriophage. In contrast with previously known members of the NlpC/p60 family, RipD does not show peptidoglycan hydrolase activity, which is consistent with the sequence alterations at the catalytic site. A strong interaction of the catalytically inactive core domain with peptidoglycan is however retained, presenting the first example of the NlpC/p60 domains that evolved to a non-catalytic peptidoglycan-binding function. Full-length RipD carrying the C-terminal repeat shows, however, a decrease in binding affinity to peptidoglycan, suggesting that the C-terminal tail modulates the interaction with bacterial cell wall components. The pentapeptide repeat at the C-terminus does not adopt a defined secondary structure in solution which is in accordance with results from the 1.17 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) crystal structure of the protein carrying two repeat units.
Correction of mutations within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by site-directed RNA editing
Authors: Montiel-Gonzalez Maria Fernanda , Vallecillo-Viejo Isabel , Yudowski Guillermo A. , Rosenthal Joshua J. C. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
RNA editing by adenosine deamination is a natural process of site-directed mutagenesis used by organisms to modify genetic information as it passes through RNA. In this paper we present an engineered RNA editing enzyme that can be induced to edit any adenosine that is chosen. We show that our system can efficiently correct a premature stop codon in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in frog oocytes. Furthermore, a fully genetically encoded version of the system functions in human cells. As a general method, site-directed RNA editing could be a useful technique for correcting genetic mutations and modifying protein function.
Insect nicotinic receptor interactions in vivo with neonicotinoid, organophosphorus, and methylcarbamate insecticides and a synergist
Authors: Shao Xusheng , Xia Shanshan , Durkin Kathleen A. , Casida John E. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The insect nicotinic receptor is the direct or indirect target for neonicotinoids, organophosphorus compounds, and methylcarbamates, which make up about 45% of the insecticides by number and world market value. In this study, the house fly brain nicotinic receptor in vivo interactions with neurotoxicants are revealed by a unique radioligand reporter assay, providing direct in vivo proof of events at the receptor level leading to poisoning by these three major insecticide chemotypes.
Variation of Arterial and Central Venous Catheter Use in United States Intensive Care Units
Authors: Gershengorn Hayley B. , Garland Allan , Kramer Andrew , Scales Damon C. , Rubenfeld Gordon , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background:
Arterial catheters (ACs) and central venous catheters (CVCs) are common in intensive care units (ICUs). Few data describe which patients receive these devices and whether variability in practice exists.

Methods:
The authors conducted an observational cohort study on adult patients admitted to ICU during 2001–2008 by using Project IMPACT to determine whether AC and CVC use is consistent across U.S. ICUs. The authors examined trends over time and patients more (mechanically ventilated or on vasopressors) or less (predicted risk of hospital mortality ≤2%) likely to receive either catheter.

Results:
Our cohort included 334,123 patients across 122 hospitals and 168 ICUs. Unadjusted AC usage rates remained constant (36.9% [2001] vs. 36.4% [2008]; P = 0.212), whereas CVC use increased (from 33.4% [2001] to 43.8% [2008]; P < 0.001 comparing 2001 and 2008); adjusted AC usage rates were constant from 2004 (35.2%) to 2008 (36.4%; P = 0.43 for trend). Surgical ICUs used both catheters most often (unadjusted rates, ACs: 56.0% of patients vs. 22.4% in medical and 32.6% in combined units, P < 0.001; CVCs: 46.9% vs. 32.5% and 36.4%, P < 0.001). There was a wide variability in AC use across ICUs in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (median [interquartile range], 49.2% [29.9–72.3%]; adjusted median odds ratio [AMOR], 2.56), vasopressors (51.7% [30.8–76.2%]; AMOR, 2.64), and with predicted mortality of 2% or less (31.7% [19.5–49.3%]; AMOR, 1.94). There was less variability in CVC use (mechanical ventilation: 63.4% [54.9–72.9%], AMOR, 1.69; vasopressors: 71.4% (59.5–85.7%), AMOR, 1.93; predicted mortality of 2% or less: 18.7% (11.9–27.3%), AMOR, 1.90).

Conclusions:
Both ACs and CVCs are common in ICU patients. There is more variation in use of ACs than CVCs.
Equity financing constraints and corporate capital structure: a model
Authors: Wang Zhengwei , Zhu Wuxiang 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The “supply-side effect” brought about by the imperfection of the capital market has increasingly been concerned. The purpose of this paper is to study how will the uncertainty of equity financing brought about by the equity financing regulations in emerging capital market affect company's capital structure decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper establishes a theoretical model and tries to introduce equity financing uncertainty into the company's capital structure decision-making. The paper uses mathematical derivation method to get some basic conclusions. Next, in order to characterize the quantitative impact of specific factor on capital structure, numerical solution methods are used.

Findings
– The model shows that firm's value would decrease with the uncertainty of equity financing, because of the relationship between firm's future cash and their financing policies. The numerical solution of the model suggests that the uncertainty of equity financing is one of the important factors affecting the choice of optimal capital structure, the greater the uncertainty is, the lower optimal capital structure is.

Originality/value
– The research of this paper has certain academic value for further understanding of the issues.
Development of entrepreneurial intention in higher education and the effect of gender – a latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Joensuu Sanna , Viljamaa Anmari , Varamäki Elina , Tornikoski Erno 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The objectives of this study are threefold: first, to analyze the development of intentions of individuals over time; second, to explore potential gender differences in intention development; and third, to analyze the relatedness of the initial level and development of the antecedents of intentions to the initial level and the development of intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Ajzen's Theory of Planned behavior is applied. Longitudinal data were collected in the fall of 2010, 2011 and 2012 in seven different universities of applied sciences, with students representing seven different study fields. In our data, there are 192 individuals with all three measurement waves and 104 individuals with two measurement waves. The analysis of change on multi-wave panel data is done using latent growth curve analysis with structural equation modeling.

Findings
– Our empirical results are threefold. First, entrepreneurial intentions of higher education seem to decrease during their studies. Second, there is a gender difference in the initial level of entrepreneurial intentions and how intentions develop over time. Third, the initial level of intentions does not affect the future development of intentions.

Practical implications
– In sum, the authors believe that the paper makes an important contribution to the field of entrepreneurial education by concluding that intention development in higher educational context is not a simple matter, but a rather complicated process during which young people can realize their true potential vis-à-vis entrepreneurial opportunities. From an educators’ point of view, such realization generally means a decrease in an individual's entrepreneurial intentions, which is a phenomenon that does not provide much encouragement for educators. On the other hand, one of the aims of any entrepreneurship education is to give younger people a more realistic picture about entrepreneurship. When someone is willing to start a new business in this kind of context, the authors, as educators, can be a degree more confident that such an individual is not launching his/her venture because of idealistic dreams.

Originality/value
– By using a longitudinal design, the paper is one of the first to provide empirical evidence about the intention development over time. Ultimately, the paper hopes to have added richness to the ongoing discussion among academics and educators alike regarding the importance of intention development in entrepreneurship education.
Resistances to gender mainstreaming in organizations: toward a new approach
Authors: Lee-Gosselin Hélène , Briere Sophie , Ann Hawo 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– For decades, numerous mechanisms have been adopted to accelerate the progression of women in decision-making levels, and many organizations have developed programs to promote gender mainstreaming. In practice however, literature has shown that experience in gender mainstreaming faces many important challenges and under-representation persists at higher organizational levels. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This research brings together the results of two case studies on gender equality in the higher echelons of public and private sector organisations in Canada (Québec) and Morocco. Based on the analytical framework used as a theoretical basis for the analysis of change and resistance to gender mainstreaming, the data were revisited to explore common trends and patterns, despite the differences in context.Findings– The analysis shows that common factors support and limit women's progress in organizations. Equity initiatives are limited to the technical agenda and scant effort goes to managing political and cultural dimensions. The study shows that those dimensions play a central role in the production of gender inequality and that actions and measures targeting political and cultural dimensions must be prioritized.Originality/value– An improved conceptual framework is proposed for practical interventions and theory building. The new matrix feeds into the reflection for a new learning approach for organizations who want to achieve gender mainstreaming, to better identify the dimensions that should be addressed or to assess the measures taken and their impact and also offers a basis for new studies and research to test the matrix, its usefulness for theory building for intervention.
Modeling of needle penetration force in denim fabric
Authors: Haghighat Ezzatollah , Mohammad Etrati Seyed , Shaikhzadeh Najar Saeed 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to predict the needle penetration force (NPF) in denim fabrics using the artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models based on the effects of various sewing parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to design the ANN and MLR models, four parameters including fabric weight, number of fabric layers, weave pattern, and sewing needle size are taken into account as the input parameters and NPF as the output parameter. According to these parameters, 140 samples of data were resulted. Each sample was tested five times. From these 140 data (input-output data pairs), 112 were used for training the ANN and MLR models and 28 samples were used to test the performance of ANN and MLR. Also, the NPF was measured on the Instron tensile tester to simulate sewing process.

Findings
– The results indicated that the NPF in denim fabrics can be well predicted in terms of sewing parameters by using ANN and MLR models, in which the ANN model exhibits greater performance than MLR (RANN=0.989> RMLR=0.901).

Research limitations/implications
– The NPF measurement method is limited at low speed.

Originality/value
– Using the ANN model for forecasting NPF in denim fabrics can help the garment manufactures to produce high-quality denim products and improve the sewing process through reducing seam damage. The NPF could be also measured in the cycle loading conditions similar to sewing machine process by using a special designed tools mounted on the Instron tensile tester.
The synergism of design and technology for the optimisation of embroidery motifs in clothing
Authors: Daukantienë Virginija , Laurinavićiūtë Inga 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of embroidering technological parameters, of knitted material structure and of either using or not nonwoven material for backing on the quality of restangular embroidered element; based on the obtained results to select the optimal technological parameters for the embroidering of original clothing element avoiding the higher time expenses for the technical development process of new product.

Design/methodology/approach
– The new methodology for the optimization of technology of original embroidered clothing element is based on the measurements of simple geometric element.

Findings
– The methodology of technology optimisation based on the measurement of restangular element geometric parameters can also be applied for the optimization of the embroidering technology of advanced design elements.

Research limitations/implications
– The present study was carried out investigating knitted materials, but its methodology may be used for woven fabrics also, as their elongation rate is lower than one of knitted materials.

Originality/value
– Development of the embroidering technology of original clothing element is based on the scientific approach and industrial experience.
Developing a hybrid intelligent model for constructing a size recommendation expert system in textile industries
Authors: Shahrabi Jamal , Hadavandi Esmaeil , Salehi Esfandarani Maryam 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– In shopping, for selecting the appropriate garments, people have to try on multiple garments. This problem is due to lack of a sizing system based on updated anthropometric data and the classification system that introduces the appropriate size from the sizing chart to each person. To solve this problem, as a first study in the literature, a hybrid intelligent classification model as a size recommendation expert system is proposed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three stages for developing a hybrid intelligent classification system based on data clustering and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are proposed. In the first stage, the clustering algorithm is used for specifying the sizing chart. In the second stage, the resulting sizing chart is used as a reference for developing a new intelligent classification system by using a PNN. At the last stage, the accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated by using the Iranian male's body type data set.

Findings
– Experimental results show that the proposed model has a good accuracy and can be used as a size recommendation expert system to specify the right size for the customers. By using the proposed model and designing an interface for it, a decision support system was developed as a size recommendation expert system that was used by an apparel sales store. The results were time saving and more satisfying for the customers by selecting the appropriate apparel size for them.

Originality/value
– In this paper, as a first study in literature, a hybrid intelligent model for developing a size recommendation expert system based on data clustering and a PNN to enable the salesperson to help the consumer in choosing the right size is proposed. In the first stage, the clustering algorithm is used for specifying the sizing chart. In the second stage, the resulting sizing chart is used as a reference to develop a new intelligent classification system by using a PNN. In the last stage, the accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated by using testing data. The proposed model achieved an 87.2 percent accuracy rate that is very promising.
Undocumented childhood immigrants, the Dream Act and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals in the USA
Authors: L. Schmid Carol 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to critically examine two possible solutions to the lack of citizenship rights of children who lack documentation. Many industrialized countries must deal with undocumented children who have resided in the country most of their lives. In the USA, immigrants brought as children by their parents illegally are not eligible to receive financial help in most states for higher education, receive federal health care, or obtain driver's licenses. Even if they are qualified, they cannot legally work.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article provides an in-depth analysis of the Dream Act and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. The benefit of this study is to critically examine two possible solutions to the problem of undocumented children who have lived most of their lives in the USA.

Findings
– The two solutions are analyzed in terms of broader conceptions of citizenship and human rights. Citizen rights are contested rights in the USA for undocumented immigrants and their children. It is found that theories of immigration and citizenship do not adequately explain the situation of undocumented childhood arrivals. After compulsory public education, undocumented students’ lives are at the mercy of state and federal administration policies. Citizenship theory is analyzed as it applies to undocumented immigrants brought as children to the USA.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is limited to undocumented children in the USA.

Practical implications
– The results point to the need for universal policies that will ensure young adults will have the critical resources and associated rights.

Social implications
– As Latinos become a large proportion of the US population, barriers to their continued education will impose significant economic and personal costs for individuals who have “identity without citizenship”.

Originality/value
– This is among the first academic paper to link undocumented childhood arrivals in the USA, citizenship theory and public policy.
The effectiveness of remuneration committees in European banks
Authors: Dell'Atti Antonio , Intonti Mariantonietta , Patrizia Iannuzzi Antonia 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Following the subprime crisis and the detrimental role played by remuneration practices, an important reform concerned bank remuneration committees, especially in “significant financial institutions”. In light of this consideration, this paper aims to investigate the scope and format of this renewal in order to verify whether and how those bodies are conforming to the new regulatory framework while improving their efficiency and functionality.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was carried out on 30 top European banks through the elaboration of a qualitative analysis model that takes into account both the procedural and the compositional aspects of remuneration committees. The model was used as a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the remuneration committees operating within a sample. This assessment was carried out according to the content analysis approach.

Findings
– The results show a high diffusion of these bodies within the banks and a gradual expansion, during the time under investigation (three years 2008-2010), of the information provided by them on their tasks and decision-making. In the same time, the study highlights some important criticalities concerning both the composition of the banks' remuneration committees, how they carry out their functions, and the level of disclosure addressed to shareholders and the market in order to formalize the results of their work.

Originality/value
– The added value of the analysis is related to the implementation of an “effectiveness remuneration committee rating” applied to a sample of top European banks during the financial crisis.