bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster management competence, disaster preparedness belief, and disaster preparedness relationship: Nurses after the 2023 Turkey earthquake
Authors: Şermet Kaya Şenay , Erdoğan Eylül Gülnur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between nurses' competency levels in disaster nursing management, their disaster preparedness and disaster preparedness beliefs.BackgroundNurses’ competency in disaster nursing management makes disaster response easier. Factors that may affect this reason should be examined.MethodsThe study was conducted between April and July 2023 with nurses working in a province in the first‐degree earthquake zone in Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 207 nurses who were selected from primary, secondary, and tertiary care institutions by using the stratified sampling method. Data were collected with a personal information form, the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire, the Disaster Preparedness Scale, and the General Disaster Preparedness Beliefs Scale. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman regression coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between nurses' competency levels regarding duties and responsibilities and their disaster preparedness levels. Having disaster‐related training also positively affected the level of competence in duties and responsibilities. Belief in disaster preparedness and having “partial” knowledge about the disaster had no relationship with competencies.DiscussionAccording to the International Council of Nurses and current studies on disaster nursing, “competence areas” are among the priority study subjects.ConclusionAccording to the study results, disaster preparedness and having disaster‐related education are effective factors in nurses' competencies related to duties and responsibilities.Implications for nursing policyThe results of this study may increase awareness in the healthcare system about nurses' disaster management competency levels and the factors that may affect this. It is recommended that disaster preparedness and disaster‐related education factors should be taken into account in the initiatives and policies to be planned to improve the duty and responsibility competence of nurses.
Examining the Judge's role in achieving permanency for children in Foster Care: Judicial best practice‐focused performance measurement
Authors: Gatowski Sophia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article features a set of court performance measures, the “Judicial, Court and Attorney Measures of Performance” or “JCAMP,” with a focus on JCAMP's permanency measures. The JCAMP permanency metrics are discussed in relation to court and judicial practices and the judge's role in achieving permanency for children and families. How data from the permanency measures can inform understandings of what judges are doing to promote safe and timely permanency for children and families in child welfare cases is addressed. Connections between the JCAMP permanency measures and recommendations for judicial best practices are also highlighted.
Understanding niche construction and phenotypic plasticity as causes of natural selection
Authors: Lala Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor many evolutionary biologists, fitness differencescausetrait frequency changes in populations, and natural selectionexplainsthe evolution of adaptations. Treating fitness differences as a cause, however, is more scientific convention rather than decree, and analyses of the causes of natural selection potentially afford richer evolutionary explanations. Unfortunately, the historical assumptions that the complexities of development leave the origins of phenotypic variation unpredictable, and that ecological processes are idiosyncratic, have hindered detailed analysis of the developmental bases of natural selection. A poorly appreciated consequence is that explanations reliant on selection potentially mask particular causal patterns important in evolution. Here, using examples of environmental modification and regulation by organisms (‘niche construction’, a.k.a. ‘ecosystem engineering’), and developmental plastic responses to environmental conditions (‘phenotypic plasticity’), I will highlight how the development and activities of organisms create developmental biases that co‐determine the nature of the response to selection, in an often surprisingly well‐regulated manner. Niche construction biases the phenotypic variation exposed to selection, often generating axes of covariation with plastically expressed morphological traits. Taxonomically shared developmental mechanisms aggregate across populations to generate statistical regularities that are easy to miss because the developmental causes of fitness differences are not currently central to the study of evolution. Recent theory and experiments suggest that how organisms develop and what organisms do cause and strengthen the relationship between key traits and fitness, thereby part‐determining the characteristics of natural selection. The findings have implications for understanding parallel evolution, macroevolutionary trends and variation in evolvability.
Effects of smoking on clinical treatment outcomes amongst patients with chronic inflammatory diseases initiating biologics: secondary analyses of the prospective BELIEVE cohort study
Authors: Larsen Maja Graves Rosenkilde , Overgaard Silja Hvid , Petersen Sofie Ronja , Møllegaard Karen Mai , Munk Heidi Lausten , Nexøe Anders Bathum , Glerup Henning , Guldmann Tanja , Pedersen Natalia , Saboori Sanaz , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Andersen Karina Winther , Jawhara Mohamad , Haagen Nielsen Ole , Bergenheim Fredrik Olof , Brodersen Jacob Broder , Bygum Anette , Ellingsen Torkell , Kjeldsen Jens , Christensen Robin , Andersen Vibeke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prevalence and disease burden of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are predicted to rise. Patients are commonly treated with biological agents, but the individual treatment responses vary, warranting further research into optimizing treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare the clinical treatment responses in patients with CIDs initiating biologic therapy based on smoking status, a notorious risk factor in CIDs. In this multicentre cohort study including 233 patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis initiating biologic therapy, we compared treatment response rates after 14 to 16 weeks and secondary outcomes between smokers and non‐smokers. We evaluated the contrast between groups using logistic regression models: (i) a “crude” model, only adjusted for the CID type, and (ii) an adjusted model (including sex and age). Among the 205 patients eligible for this study, 53 (26%) were smokers. The treatment response rate among smokers (n = 23 [43%]) was lower compared to the non‐smoking CID population (n = 92 [61%]), corresponding to a “crude” OR of 0.51 (95% CI: [0.26;1.01]) while adjusting for sex and age resulted in consistent findings: 0.51 [0.26;1.02]. The contrast was apparently most prominent among the 38 RA patients, with significantly lower treatment response rates for smokers in both the “crude” and adjusted models (adjusted OR 0.13, [0.02;0.81]). Despite a significant risk of residual confounding, patients with CIDs (rheumatoid arthritis in particular) should be informed that smoking probably lowers the odds of responding sufficiently to biological therapy. Registration: Clinical.Trials.gov NCT03173144.
PoWRKY69‐PoVQ11 module positively regulates drought tolerance by accumulating fructose in Paeonia ostii
Authors: Luan Yuting , Chen Zijie , Fang Ziwen , Meng Jiasong , Tao Jun , Zhao Daqiu 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYDrought is a detrimental environmental factor that restricts plant growth and threatens food security throughout the world. WRKY transcription factors play vital roles in abiotic stress response. However, the roles of IIe subgroup members from WRKY transcription factor family in soluble sugar mediated drought response are largely elusive. In this study, we identified a drought‐responsive IIe subgroup WRKY transcription factor, PoWRKY69, from Paeonia ostii. PoWRKY69 functioned as a positive regulator in response to drought stress with nucleus expression and transcriptional activation activity. Silencing of PoWRKY69 increased plants sensitivity to drought stress, whereas conversely, overexpression of PoWRKY69 enhanced drought tolerance in plants. As revealed by yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase reporter assays, PoWRKY69 could directly bind to the W‐box element of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase 5 (PoFBA5) promoter, contributing to a cascade regulatory network to activate PoFBA5 expression. Furthermore, virus‐induced gene silencing and overexpression assays demonstrated that PoFBA5 functioned positively in response to drought stress by accumulating fructose to alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation and activate antioxidant defense system, these changes resulted in reactive oxygen species scavenging. According to yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays, valine‐glutamine 11 (PoVQ11) physically interacted with PoWRKY69 and led to an enhanced activation of PoWRKY69 on PoFBA5 promoter activity. This study broadens our understanding of WRKY69‐VQ11 module regulated fructose accumulation in response to drought stress and provides feasible molecular measures to create novel drought‐tolerant germplasm of P. ostii.
Environmental factors determining weed species distribution in organic manure and inorganic fertiliser smallholder maize (Zea mays L.) production
Authors: Mncube Temnotfo L. , Phiri Ethel E. , Mloza‐Banda Henry R. , Rugare Joyful T. , Mothapo Palesa N. , Pieterse Petrus Jacobus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWeeds are a major concern in crop production, and their environmental plasticity hinders successful control. A phytosociological study assessed weed distribution patterns in smallholder maize (Zea mays L.) production under different climatic and soil factors in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 cropping seasons. Thirty‐six maize fields from the Highveld (Mankayane) and the Middleveld (Luve) of Eswatini, were investigated with three fertiliser regimes applied (cattle manure only, cattle manure plus inorganic fertiliser and inorganic fertiliser only). Phytosociological attributes of weed species including density were collected using a 25 m transect placed horizontally at the centre of each field. Climatic factors and soil physiochemical properties considered included altitude, rainfall, temperature, soil texture, soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese. Fifty‐six weed species belonging to 16 families were recorded. Distance‐based multivariate multiple regression (DistLM) analysis was used to determine the relationship between weed species composition as the dependent variable from the fertiliser regimes and the environmental factors as the independent variable. Eight environmental variables explained 25% variation in species distribution namely; altitude, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, magnesium and percentage silt. At Luve, temperature, copper and magnesium significantly explained weed distribution in all three fertiliser regimes, while phosphorus influenced weed distribution in the manure only regime. At Mankayane, nitrogen affected weed distribution in the manure plus inorganic fertiliser and inorganic fertiliser regimes whereas altitude, phosphorus, potassium, and %silt influenced weed distribution in the manure only and manure plus inorganic fertiliser regimes. The observations suggest that some weed species coexist between fertiliser regimes and study areas while others occur in specific environments only.
Kv7/M channel dysfunction produces hyperexcitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of Fmr1 knockout mice
Authors: Luque M. Angeles , Morcuende Sara , Torres Blas , Herrero Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS), the most frequent monogenic form of intellectual disability, is caused by transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene that could render neuronal hyperexcitability. Here we show that pyramidal cells (PCs) in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus elicited a larger action potential (AP) number in response to suprathreshold stimulation in juvenile Fmr1 knockout (KO) than wild‐type (WT) mice. Because Kv7/M channels modulate CA1 PC excitability in rats, we investigated if their dysfunction produces neuronal hyperexcitability in Fmr1 KO mice. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses showed no differences in the expression of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 channel subunits between genotypes; however, the current mediated by Kv7/M channels was reduced in Fmr1 KO mice. In both genotypes, bath application of XE991 (10 μM), a blocker of Kv7/M channels: produced an increased AP number, produced an increased input resistance, produced a decreased AP voltage threshold and shaped AP medium afterhyperpolarization by increasing mean velocities. Retigabine (10 μM), an opener of Kv7/M channels, produced opposite effects to XE991. Both XE991 and retigabine abolished differences in all these parameters found in control conditions between genotypes. Furthermore, a low concentration of retigabine (2.5 μM) normalized CA1 PC excitability of Fmr1 KO mice. Finally, ex vivo seizure‐like events evoked by 4‐aminopyiridine (200 μM) in the dorsal CA1 region were more frequent in Fmr1 KO mice, and were abolished by retigabine (5–10 μM). We conclude that CA1 PCs of Fmr1 KO mice exhibit hyperexcitability, caused by Kv7/M channel dysfunction, and increased epileptiform activity, which were abolished by retigabine.
imageKey points
Dorsal pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 region of Fmr1 knockout mice exhibit hyperexcitability.
Kv7/M channel activity, but not expression, is reduced in pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 region of Fmr1 knockout mice.
Kv7/M channel dysfunction causes hyperexcitability in pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 region of Fmr1 knockout mice by increasing input resistance, decreasing AP voltage threshold and shaping medium afterhyperpolarization.
A Kv7/M channel opener normalizes neuronal excitability in pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 region of Fmr1 knockout mice.
Ex vivo seizure‐like events evoked in the dorsal CA1 region were more frequent in Fmr1 KO mice, and such an epileptiform activity was abolished by a Kv7/M channel opener depending on drug concentration.
Kv7/M channels may represent a therapeutic target for treating symptoms associated with hippocampal alterations in fragile X syndrome.
Taxonomic notes on genus Tarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) with description of two new species from West Bengal, India
Authors: Karmakar Krishna , Bera Soumita , Kayal Sandipan 
Published: July 2024

Two new species of Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876—namely Tarsonemus bengalicus Karmakar & Bera sp. nov. and Tarsonemus kajuae Karmakar & Bera sp. nov.—are described and illustrated based on specimens collected on leaves of Bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris Schard. and Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., respectively from Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Additionally, subgeneric diagnostic characters of Tarsonemus are compiled and a key to the Indian Tarsonemus species is also provided.
How advancements in molecular biology impact education and training
Authors: Walther Rheanna E. , Hrabak Michael , Bernstein Douglas A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Molecular biology, broadly defined as the investigation of complex biomolecules in the laboratory, is a rapidly advancing field and as such the technologies available to investigators are constantly evolving. This constant advancement has obvious advantages because it allows students and researchers to perform more complex experiments in shorter periods of time. One challenge with such a rapidly advancing field is that techniques that had been vital for students to learn how to perform are now not essential for a laboratory scientist. For example, while cloning a gene in the past could have led to a publication and form the bulk of a PhD thesis project, technology has now made this process only a step toward one of these larger goals and can, in many cases, be performed by a company or core facility. As teachers and mentors, it is imperative that we understand that the technologies we teach in the lab and classroom must also evolve to match these advancements. In this perspective, we discuss how the rapid advances in gene synthesis technologies are affecting curriculum and how our classrooms should evolve to ensure our lessons prepare students for the world in which they will do science.
My Pathway to Professional Geologist
Authors: Spiller Reginal W. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The pathway to becoming a professional geologist for an African American has many similarities to that of a typical, traditional majority geologist, which involves interest and passion in the earth sciences, spurred by quality mentorship. The differences in sustaining oneself professionally, however, involve being a part of the everyday corporate and academic discussions that often go unsaid along the way. My success story is one that documents the twists and turns in my career path over 50 years as I navigated the road to becoming one of the world’s most respected geoscientists. And an African American at that!
Design and Implementation of Chopper Control System for HIAF
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Zhang Wei , Yuan Chao , Wang Baopeng , Ma Tao , Fang Xing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chopper control system which is synchronized by the White Rabbit timing network is designed and implemented to meet the requirements of the chopper of ion source for the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The hardware system consists of timing modulation controller, waveform acquisition, parameter setting, and remote control of the chopper power supply. The software includes low-level drivers and top-level applications which are based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The combination of hardware and software completes the interaction of timing messages with the White Rabbit network, waveform acquisition, the setting of timing modulation parameters in several running modes, and remote control of the chopper power supply, etc. The test results show that the system can achieve timing modulation with a resolution of 8 ns and waveform acquisition of embedded EPICS IOC (input/output controller) at a 125 MHz sample rate. The design, implementation, and test of the chopper control system are described in this paper.
Pilot and quantitative evaluation of the TARGET acne toolkit by UK pharmacy professionals working in general practice
Authors: Sonnex Kimberley , Thornley Tracey , Fleming Naomi , Lakha Alishah , Lecky Donna M , Pillay Indira , Patel Shazia , Anderson Claire , Boyd Matthew , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAcne vulgaris (acne) is a common skin condition sometimes needing topical or oral antibiotic treatment. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (together known as pharmacy professionals) working in general practice are well placed to ensure their appropriate use.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to pilot an evidence-based intervention (‘How to…’ tool) to review treatments in the management of acne and evaluate the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) of pharmacy professionals working in general practice before and after the use of this tool.Design, setting and participantsA quantitative electronic survey was developed asking UK-based pharmacy professionals working in general practice to rate their agreement with 21 predefined statements related to the COM-B model.InterventionParticipants were sent an initial survey, given time to access and use the ‘How to…’ acne resources and then sent a follow-up survey 2 weeks later.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was change in 5-point Likert scale responses to statements on capability, opportunity and motivation in the management of acne. Secondary outcome was the perceived usefulness of the toolkit.Results141 pharmacy professionals completed the initial survey; 19 completed the follow-up survey. Significant improvement in the 5-point Likert scale means that responses were observed after implementation of the acne ‘How to’ resource; capability 3.68 (SD 0.40) versus 4.11 (SD 0.29),t(189) =−5.10, p <0.001; opportunity 3.85 (SD 0.24) versus 4.07 (SD 0.29),t(94)=−2.50, p=0.007 and motivation 4.35 (SD 0.47) versus 4.51 (SD 0.32),t(113)=-2.51, p=0.007. The ‘How to’ resources were rated as being useful (4.06, SD 0.12) and supportive (4.08, SD 0.18) to help pharmacy professionals in all areas of managing acne.ConclusionThe acne ‘How to’ resources are useful to pharmacy professionals in managing acne in general practice and may improve their capability. Further work is needed with greater numbers of participants to demonstrate generalisability of this outcome.
Intervention strategies for management of comorbid depression among individuals with hypertension: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Zou Chuan , Liu Changming , Chen Huadong , Yao Yi , Li Dongze , Liao Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHypertension and depression often coexisted, leading to poor health outcome and significant challenges in healthcare management. Since no guidelines or consensus are available for health professionals to manage this comorbidity, identifying interventions in current literature is crucial for gaining a clear picture of evidence and informing future research directions and clinical practice. This scoping review is designed to address this gap by systematically mapping the range of potential interventions for managing comorbid hypertension and depression.Methods and analysisFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping review, this review will comprehensively search databases including PUBMED, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library Databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Grey literature will be sourced from Google Scholar. A year limit of January 2004–December 2023 will be applied to retrieve the most current peer-reviewed articles in English and Chinese language only. Two reviewers will individually screen and the process will be documented in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews. This review will explore a range of non-pharmacological and multicomponent interventions including psychosocial support, educational programmes, telemedicine and integrated healthcare models. Data extraction will follow the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist to ensure detailed and standardised reporting of intervention components. The synthesis of findings will employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive overview of the intervention landscape.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review, which involves secondary data analysis of publicly available sources, does not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences.Study registrationOpen Science Framework registry (osf.io/j7gt8) in Centre for Open Science on 29 January 2024.