bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm Formation on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces in the Presence of Antimicrobials by Escherichia coli Isolates from Cases of Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Silva Vitor O. , Soares Larissa O. , Silva Júnior Abelardo , Mantovani Hilário C. , Chang Yung-Fu , Moreira Maria Aparecida S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
is a highly adaptive microorganism, and its ability to form biofilms under certain conditions can be critical for antimicrobial resistance. The adhesion of four
E. coli
isolates from bovine mastitis to bovine mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells, biofilm production on a polystyrene surface, and the expression profiles of the genes
fliC
,
csgA
,
fimA
, and
luxS
in the presence of enrofloxacin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin at half of the MIC were investigated. Increased adhesion of
E. coli
isolates in the presence of antimicrobials was not observed; however, increased internalization of some isolates was observed by confocal microscopy. All of the antimicrobials induced the formation of biofilms by at least one isolate, whereas enrofloxacin and co-trimoxazole decreased biofilm formation by at least one isolate. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that all four genes were differentially expressed when bacteria were exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials, with expression altered on the order of 1.5- to 22-fold. However, it was not possible to associate gene expression with induction or reduction of biofilm formation in the presence of the antimicrobials. Taken together, the results demonstrate that antimicrobials could induce biofilm formation by some isolates, in addition to inducing MAC-T cell invasion, a situation that might occur
in vivo
, potentially resulting in a bacterial reservoir in the udder, which might explain some cases of persistent mastitis in herds.
“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” Prophage Late Genes May Limit Host Range and Culturability
Authors: Fleites Laura A. , Jain Mukesh , Zhang Shujian , Gabriel Dean W. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

“
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus” is an uncultured alphaproteobacterium that systemically colonizes its insect host both inter- and intracellularly and also causes a severe, crop-destroying disease of citrus called huanglongbing, or citrus “greening.”
In planta
, “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” is also systemic but phloem limited. “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” strain UF506 carries two predicted prophages, SC1 and SC2. Bacteriophage particles have been observed in experimentally “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-infected periwinkle but not in any other host. Comparative gene expression analysis of predicted SC1 late genes showed a much higher level of late gene expression, including holin transcripts (SC1_gp110), in “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-infected periwinkle relative to “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus”-infected citrus. To functionally characterize predicted holin and endolysin activity, SC1_gp110 and two predicted endolysins, one within SC1 (SC1_gp035) and another well outside the predicted prophage region (CLIBASIA_04790), were cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
. Both SC1 genes inhibited bacterial growth consistent with holin and endolysin function. The holin (SC1_gp110) promoter region was fused with a
uidA
reporter on pUFR071, a wide bacterial host range (repW) replicon, and used to transform
Liberibacter crescens
strain BT-1 by electroporation. BT-1 is the only liberibacter strain cultured to date and was used as a proxy for “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus.” pUFR071 was >95% stable without selection in BT-1 for over 20 generations. The reporter construct exhibited strong constitutive glucuronidase (GUS) activity in culture-grown BT-1 cells. However, GUS reporter activity in BT-1 was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by crude aqueous extracts from psyllids. Taken together with plant expression data, these observations indicate that “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” prophage activation may limit “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” host range and culturability.
Genomic Characterization and Transcriptional Studies of the Starch-Utilizing Strain Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L
Authors: Duranti Sabrina , Turroni Francesca , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Milani Christian , Viappiani Alice , Mangifesta Marta , Gioiosa Laura , Palanza Paola , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacteria are members of the gut microbiota, but the genetic basis for their adaptation to the human gut is poorly understood. The analysis of the 2,203,222-bp genome of
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
22L revealed a nutrient acquisition strategy that targets diet/plant-derived glycans, in particular starch and starch-like carbohydrates. Starch-like carbohydrates were shown to support the growth of
B. adolescentis
22L. Transcriptome profiling of 22L cultures grown under
in vitro
conditions or during colonization of the murine gut by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR assays revealed the expression of a set of chromosomal loci responsible for starch metabolism as well as for pilus production. Such extracellular structures include so-called sortase-dependent and type IVb pili, which may be involved in gut colonization of 22L through adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins.
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Coastal Bacterial Community Abundance and Diversity
Authors: Marietou Angeliki , Bartlett Douglas H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Hydrostatic pressure is an important parameter influencing the distribution of microbial life in the ocean. In this study, the response of marine bacterial populations from surface waters to pressures representative of those under deep-sea conditions was examined. Southern California coastal seawater collected 5 m below the sea surface was incubated in microcosms, using a range of temperatures (16 to 3°C) and hydrostatic pressure conditions (0.1 to 80 MPa). Cell abundance decreased in response to pressure, while diversity increased. The morphology of the community also changed with pressurization to a predominant morphotype of small cocci. The pressure-induced community changes included an increase in the relative abundance of
Alphaproteobacteria
,
Gammaproteobacteria
,
Actinobacteria
, and
Flavobacteria
largely at the expense of
Epsilonproteobacteria
. Culturable high-pressure-surviving bacteria were obtained and found to be phylogenetically similar to isolates from cold and/or deep-sea environments. These results provide novel insights into the response of surface water bacteria to changes in hydrostatic pressure.
Meta-Analyses of Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strain 195 Transcriptomic Profiles Identify a Respiration Rate-Related Gene Expression Transition Point and Interoperon Recruitment of a Key Oxidoreductase Subunit
Authors: Mansfeldt Cresten B. , Rowe Annette R. , Heavner Gretchen L. W. , Zinder Stephen H. , Richardson Ruth E. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

A cDNA-microarray was designed and used to monitor the transcriptomic profile of
Dehalococcoides mccartyi
strain 195 (in a mixed community) respiring various chlorinated organics, including chloroethenes and 2,3-dichlorophenol. The cultures were continuously fed in order to establish steady-state respiration rates and substrate levels. The organization of array data into a clustered heat map revealed two major experimental partitions. This partitioning in the data set was further explored through principal component analysis. The first two principal components separated the experiments into those with slow (1.6 ± 0.6 μM Cl
−
/h)- and fast (22.9 ± 9.6 μM Cl
−
/h)-respiring cultures. Additionally, the transcripts with the highest loadings in these principal components were identified, suggesting that those transcripts were responsible for the partitioning of the experiments. By analyzing the transcriptomes (
n
= 53) across experiments, relationships among transcripts were identified, and hypotheses about the relationships between electron transport chain members were proposed. One hypothesis, that the hydrogenases Hup and Hym and the formate dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase (DET0186-DET0187) form a complex (as displayed by their tight clustering in the heat map analysis), was explored using a nondenaturing protein separation technique combined with proteomic sequencing. Although these proteins did not migrate as a single complex, DET0112 (an FdhB-like protein encoded in the Hup operon) was found to comigrate with DET0187 rather than with the catalytic Hup subunit DET0110. On closer inspection of the genome annotations of all
Dehalococcoides
strains, the DET0185-to-DET0187 operon was found to lack a key subunit, an FdhB-like protein. Therefore, on the basis of the transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic evidence, the place of the missing subunit in the DET0185-to-DET0187 operon is likely filled by recruiting a subunit expressed from the Hup operon (DET0112).
Dynamics of Mitochondrial RNA-Binding Protein Complex in Trypanosoma brucei and Its Petite Mutant under Optimized Immobilization Conditions
Authors: Huang Zhenqiu , Kaltenbrunner Sabine , Šimková Eva , Stanĕk David , Lukeš Julius , Hashimi Hassan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

There are a variety of complex metabolic processes ongoing simultaneously in the single, large mitochondrion of
Trypanosoma brucei
. Understanding the organellar environment and dynamics of mitochondrial proteins requires quantitative measurement
in vivo
. In this study, we have validated a method for immobilizing both procyclic stage (PS) and bloodstream stage (BS)
T. brucei brucei
with a high level of cell viability over several hours and verified its suitability for undertaking fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), with mitochondrion-targeted yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Next, we used this method for comparative analysis of the translational diffusion of mitochondrial RNA-binding protein 1 (MRP1) in the BS and in
T. b. evansi
. The latter flagellate is like petite mutant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
because it lacks organelle-encoded nucleic acids. FRAP measurement of YFP-tagged MRP1 in both cell lines illuminated from a new perspective how the absence or presence of RNA affects proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. This work represents the first attempt to examine this process in live trypanosomes.
Nocturnal oxygen saturation profiles of healthy term infants
Authors: Terrill Philip Ian , Dakin Carolyn , Hughes Ian , Yuill Maggie , Parsley Chloe 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivePulse oximetry is used extensively in hospital and home settings to measure arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Interpretation of the trend and range of SpO2values observed in infants is currently limited by a lack of reference ranges using current devices, and may be augmented by development of cumulative frequency (CF) reference-curves. This study aims to provide reference oxygen saturation values from a prospective longitudinal cohort of healthy infants.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.SettingSleep-laboratory.Patients34 healthy term infants were enrolled, and studied at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age (N=30, 25, 27, 26, 20, respectively).InterventionsFull overnight polysomnography, including 2 s averaging pulse oximetry (Masimo Radical).Main outcome measurementsSummary SpO2statistics (mean, median, 5th and 10th percentiles) and SpO2CF plots were calculated for each recording. CF reference-curves were then generated for each study age. Analyses were repeated with sleep-state stratifications and inclusion of manual artefact removal.ResultsMedian nocturnal SpO2values ranged between 98% and 99% over the first 2 years of life and the CF reference-curves shift right by 1% between 2 weeks and 3 months. CF reference-curves did not change with manual artefact removal during sleep and did not vary between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. Manual artefact removal did significantly change summary statistics and CF reference-curves during wake.ConclusionsSpO2CF curves provide an intuitive visual tool for evaluating whether an individual's nocturnal SpO2distribution falls within the range of healthy age-matched infants, thereby complementing summary statistics in the interpretation of extended oximetry recordings in infants.
The future burden of obesity-related diseases in the 53 WHO European-Region countries and the impact of effective interventions: a modelling study
Authors: Webber Laura , Divajeva Diana , Marsh Tim , McPherson Klim , Brown Martin , Galea Gauden , Breda Joao 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the biggest cause of death in Europe putting an unsustainable burden on already struggling health systems. Increases in obesity are a major cause of NCDs. This paper projects the future burden of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, type 2 diabetes and seven cancers by 2030 in 53 WHO European Region countries based on current and past body mass index (BMI) trends. It also tests the impact of obesity interventions on the future disease burden.Setting and participantsSecondary data analysis of country-specific epidemiological data using a microsimulation modelling process.InterventionsThe effect of three hypothetical scenarios on the future burden of disease in 2030 was tested: baseline scenario, BMI trends go unchecked; intervention 1, population BMI decreases by 1%; intervention 2, BMI decreases by 5%.Primary and secondary outcome measuresQuantifying the future burden of major NCDs and the impact of interventions on this future disease burden.ResultsBy 2030 in the whole of the European region, the prevalence of diabetes, CHD and stroke and cancers was projected to reach an average of 3990, 4672 and 2046 cases/100 000, respectively. The highest prevalence of diabetes was predicted in Slovakia (10 870), CHD and stroke—in Greece (11 292) and cancers—in Finland (5615 cases/100 000). A 5% fall in population BMI was projected to significantly reduce cumulative incidence of diseases. The largest reduction in diabetes and CHD and stroke was observed in Slovakia (3054 and 3369 cases/100 000, respectively), and in cancers was predicted in Germany (331/100 000).ConclusionsModelling future disease trends is a useful tool for policymakers so that they can allocate resources effectively and implement policies to prevent NCDs. Future research will allow real policy interventions to be tested; however, better surveillance data on NCDs and their risk factors are essential for research and policy.
Determinants of patient delay in doctor consultation in head and neck cancers (Protocol DEREDIA)
Authors: Christophe Véronique , Leroy Tanguy , Seillier Mélanie , Duthilleul Camille , Julieron Morbize , Clisant Stéphanie , Foncel Jérôme , Vallet Fanny , Lefebvre Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionReducing the time between the onset of the first symptoms of cancer and the first consultation with a doctor (patient delay) is essential to improve the vital prognosis and quality of life of patients. Longer patient delay is linked to the already known sociodemographic, socioeconomic, socioeducational, sociocultural and socioprofessional factors. However, recent data suggest that some sociocognitive and emotional determinants may explain patient delay from a complementary point of view. The main objective of this study is to assess whether, in head and neck cancer, patient delay is linked to these sociocognitive and emotional factors, in addition to previously known factors.Methods and analysisWe intend to include in this study 400 patients with a not yet treated head and neck cancer diagnosed in one of six health centres in the North of France region. The main evaluation criterion is ‘patient delay’. Sociocognitive, emotional, medical, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, educational, professional and geographic factors will be assessed by means of (1) a case report form, (2) a questionnaire completed by the clinical research associate together with the patient, (3) a questionnaire completed by the patient and (4) a recorded semidirective interview of the patient by a psychologist (for 80 patients only). The collected data will be analysed to underline the differences between patients who consulted a doctor earlier versus those who consulted later.EthicsThe study has obtained all the relevant authorisations for the protection of patients enrolled in clinical trials (CCTIRS, CCP, CNIL), does not involve products mentioned in article L.5311-1 of the French Code of Public Health, and does not imply any changes in the medical care received by the patients. The study began in October 2012 and will end in June 2015.Trial registrationID-RCB 2012-A00005-38.
Initial complications and factors related to prehospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation
Authors: Rosell-Ortiz Fernando , Mellado-Vergel Francisco J , Fernández-Valle Patricia , González-Lobato Ismael , Martínez-Lara Manuela , Ruiz-Montero María M , Romero-Morales Francisco , Vivar Díaz Itziar , García-Alcántara Ángel , García del Águila Javier 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveHospital mortality in myocardial infarction ST-elevation myocardial infarction has decreased in recent years, in contrast to prehospital mortality. Our objective was to determine initial complications and factors related to prehospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI).MethodsObservational study based on a prospective continuous register of patients of any age attended by out-of-hospital emergency teams in Andalusia between January 2006 and June 2009. This includes patients with acute coronary syndrome-like symptoms whose initial ECG showed ST elevation or presumably new left bundle branch block (LBBB). Epidemiological, prehospital data and final diagnostic were recorded. The study included all patients with STEMI on the register, without age restrictions. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to control for confounders.ResultsA total of 2528 patients were included, 24% were women. Mean age 63.4±13.4 years; 16.7% presented atypical clinical symptoms. Initial complications: ventricular fibrillation (VF) 8.4%, severe bradycardia 5.8%, third-degree atrial-ventricular (AV) block 2.4% and hypotension 13.5%. Fifty-two (2.1%) patients died before reaching hospital. Factors associated with prehospital mortality were female sex (OR 2.36, CI 1.28 to 4.33), atypical clinical picture (OR 2.31, CI 1.21 to 4.41), hypotension (OR 4.95, CI 2.60 to 9.20), LBBB (OR 4.29, CI 1.71 to 10.74), extensive infarction (ST elevation in ≥5 leads) (OR 2.53, CI 1.28 to 5.01) and VF (OR 2.82, CI 1.38 to 5.78).ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients with STEMI present early complications in the prehospital setting, and some die before reaching hospital. Prehospital mortality was associated with female sex and atypical presentation, as pre-existing conditions, and hypotension, extensive infarction, LBBB and VF on emergency team attendance.
Network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent falls in children under age 5 years
Authors: Hubbard Stephanie , Cooper Nicola , Kendrick Denise , Young Ben , Wynn Persephone M , He Zhimin , Miller Philip , Achana Felix , Sutton Alex 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThis study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of a range of interventions to increase the possession of safety equipment or behaviours to prevent falls in children under 5 years of age in the home.MethodsA recently published systematic review identified studies to be included in a network meta-analysis; an extension of pairwise meta-analysis that enables comparison of all evaluated interventionssimultaneously, including comparisons not directly compared in individual studies.Results29 primary studies were identified, of which 16 were included in at least 1 of 4 network meta-analyses. For increasing possession of a fitted stair gate, the most intensive intervention (including education, low cost/free home safety equipment, home safety inspection and fitting) was the most likely to be the most effective, with an OR versus usual care of 7.80 (95% CrI 3.08 to 21.3). For reducing possession or use of a baby walker: education only was most likely to be most effective, with an OR versus usual care of 0.48 (95% CrI 0.31 to 0.84). Little difference was found between interventions for possession of window locks (most intensive intervention versus usual care OR=1.56 (95% CrI 0.02 to 89.8)) and for not leaving a child alone on a high surface (education vs usual care OR=0.89 (95% CrI 0.10 to 9.67)). There was insufficient evidence for network meta-analysis for possession and use of bath mats.ConclusionsThese results will inform healthcare providers of the most effective components of interventions and can be used in cost-effectiveness analyses.
E-037 Single Center Comparison of Ophthalmic Aneurysm Treatment Using Pipeline Embolization Device Versus Coil Embolization
Authors: Durst C , Starke R , Gingras J , Hixson H , Liu K , Crowley R , Jensen M , Evans A , Gaughen J 
Published: July 2014

Introduction/purposeAneurysms arising from the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) account for approximately 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is a relatively new device available for treatment of these aneurysms. Here, we compare our experience with PED versus coil embolization in the treatment of unruptured ophthalmic artery aneurysms.Materials and methodsA review of our prospectively collected patient log identified 106 patients who had undergone endovascular treatment of an unruptured ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Blinded to outcome, PED and coil patients were matched in a 1:2 fashion, respectively, based on aneurysm size. Matched analysis was carried out with marched t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and McNamara’s test as appropriate. P-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was carried out with Stata 10.0 (College Station, TX).ResultsAfter matching the patients in a 1:2 fashion, there were 20 patients treated with PED and 40 treated by coil embolization. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, average aneurysm diameter, or maximum aneurysm diameter. There were significant differences between the two groups in length of follow up, phase of treatment, baseline mRS, presentation, and neck size.Morbidity was 2.5% in the coiled cohort and 10% in the PED cohort (p = 0.255). Note, however, that in 1 of the 2 complications in the PED group, the patient was not compliant with their dual anti-platelet therapy. Immediate occlusion rates favored coil embolization as would be expected. However, recurrences were more frequent in the coiled group (22 vs 0%, p = 0.046).ConclusionsThis study suggests that complications may be more frequent with PEDs, but treatment may be more permanent as evidenced by the lower recurrence rate.DisclosuresC. Durst: None. R. Starke: None. J. Gingras: None. H. Hixson: None. K. Liu: None. R. Crowley: None. M. Jensen: 2; C; Covidien. A. Evans: 2; C; Covidien, Stryker. J. Gaughen: 2; C; Covidien, Stryker, Microvention.