bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tile size selection revisited
Authors: Mehta Sanyam , Beeraka Gautham , Yew Pen-Chung 
Published: January 2014

Loop tiling is a widely used loop transformation to enhance data locality and allow data reuse. In the tiled code, however, tiles of different sizes can lead to significant variation in performance. Thus, selection of an optimal tile size is critical to performance of tiled codes.
In the past, tile size selection has been attempted using both static analytical and dynamic empirical (auto-tuning) models. Past work using static models assumed a direct-mapped cache for the purpose of analysis and thus proved to be less robust. On the other hand, the auto-tuning models involve an exhaustive search in a large space of tiled codes. In this article, we propose a new analytical model for tile size selection that leverages the high set associativity in modern caches to minimize conflict misses. Our tile size selection model targets data reuse in multiple levels of cache. In addition, it considers the interaction of tiling with the SIMD unit in modern processors in estimating the optimal tile size. We find that these factors, not considered in previous models, are critical in developing a robust model for tile size selection. We implement our tile size selection model in a polyhedral compiler and test it on 12 benchmark kernels using two different problem sizes. Our model outperforms the previous analytical models that are based on reusing data in a single level of cache and achieves an average performance improvement of 9.7% and 20.4%, respectively, over the best square (cubic) tiles for the two problem sizes. In addition, the tile size chosen by our tile size selection algorithm is similar to the best performing size obtained through an extensive search, validating the analytical model underlying the algorithm.
Analysis of dependence tracking algorithms for task dataflow execution
Authors: Vandierendonck Hans , Tzenakis George , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios S. 
Published: January 2014

Processor architectures has taken a turn toward many-core processors, which integrate multiple processing cores on a single chip to increase overall performance, and there are no signs that this trend will stop in the near future. Many-core processors are harder to program than multicore and single-core processors due to the need for writing parallel or concurrent programs with high degrees of parallelism. Moreover, many-cores have to operate in a mode of strong scaling because of memory bandwidth constraints. In strong scaling, increasingly finer-grain parallelism must be extracted in order to keep all processing cores busy.Task dataflow programming models have a high potential to simplify parallel programming because they alleviate the programmer from identifying precisely all intertask dependences when writing programs. Instead, the task dataflow runtime system detects and enforces intertask dependences during execution based on the description of memory accessed by each task. The runtime constructs a task dataflow graph that captures all tasks and their dependences. Tasks are scheduled to execute in parallel, taking into account dependences specified in the task graph.Several papers report important overheads for task dataflow systems, which severely limits the scalability and usability of such systems. In this article, we study efficient schemes to manage task graphs and analyze their scalability. We assume a programming model that supports input, output, and in/out annotations on task arguments, as well as commutative in/out and reductions. We analyze the structure of task graphs and identifyversionsandgenerationsas key concepts for efficient management of task graphs. Then, we present three schemes to manage task graphs building ongraph representations, hypergraphs, andlists. We also consider a fourth edgeless scheme that synchronizes tasks using integers. Analysis using microbenchmarks shows that the graph representation is not always scalable and that the edgeless scheme introduces least overhead in nearly all situations.
Nanoarray architectures multilevel simulation
Authors: Frache Stefano , Graziano Mariagrazia , Zamboni Maurizio 
Published: January 2014

Density and regularity are deemed as the major advantages of nanoarray architectures based on nanowires. Literature demonstrated that proper reliability analyzes must be performed and solutions have to be devised to improve nanoarrays yield. Their complexity and high-fault probability claim for specific design automation tools able to explore circuit solutions, performance and fault-tolerant approaches.
We envision a simulator conceived to carry on characterizations in terms of logic behavior, defect-induced output error rate assessment, switching activity, power and timing performance. Though already existing for traditional technology, a simulator based on specific technological and topological tiled nanoarray descriptions, and conceived to join both device and architecture levels, has never been attempted at the degree of accuracy we present.
Our contribution is twofold. First, marking a difference with respect to the state of the art, we developed an algorithm based on an event-driven engine which works at switch level and is not simply built on top of cost functions evaluations. The straightforward advantage is the possibility to follow the evolution of dynamic control sequences throughout all the inner components of the nanoarray, and, as a consequence, to obtain circuit level characterization as a projection of the real internal parameters.
Second, we added to our simulator the capability to inject faults with specific statistical distributions associated to the nanoarray topology. Here we extract output error rates and yield for one of the possible nanoarray structures proposed in literature, the NASIC. Results specificity and accuracy demonstrate the simulator trustworthiness, its effectiveness for extensive nanoarrays characterization and its suitability as a foundation for both higher architectural and lower device simulation levels.
The aim of this work, then, is to provide insights into the intertwined relation between actual technology and circuit design for these emerging fabrics, and, as a consequence, to clarify how defects and variability affect circuits and systems performance.
The Selective Anaplastic Lymphoma Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ASP3026 Induces Tumor Regression and Prolongs Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Model Mice
Authors: Mori Masamichi , Ueno Yoko , Konagai Satoshi , Fushiki Hiroshi , Shimada Itsuro , Kondoh Yutaka , Saito Rika , Mori Kenichi , Shindou Nobuaki , Soga Takatoshi , Sakagami Hideki , Furutani Takashi , Doihara Hitoshi , Kudoh Masafumi , Kuromitsu Sadao 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Activation of anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) is involved in the pathogenesis of several carcinomas, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Echinoderm microtubule–associated protein like 4 (EML4)-ALK, which is derived from the rearrangement of ALK and EML4 genes, has been validated as a therapeutic target in a subset of patients with NSCLC. Here, we investigated the effects of ASP3026, a novel small-molecule ALK inhibitor, against ALK-driven NSCLC. ASP3026 inhibited ALK activity in an ATP-competitive manner and had an inhibitory spectrum that differed from that of crizotinib, a dual ALK/MET inhibitor. In mice xenografted with NCI-H2228 cells expressing EML4-ALK, orally administered ASP3026 was well absorbed in tumor tissues, reaching concentrations &gt;10-fold higher than those in plasma, and induced tumor regression with a wide therapeutic margin between efficacious and toxic doses. In the same mouse model, ASP3026 enhanced the antitumor activities of paclitaxel and pemetrexed without affecting body weight. ASP3026 also showed potent antitumor activities, including tumor shrinkage to a nondetectable level, in hEML4-ALK transgenic mice and prolonged survival in mice with intrapleural NCI-H2228 xenografts. In an intrahepatic xenograft model using NCI-H2228 cells, ASP3026 induced continuous tumor regression, whereas mice treated with crizotinib showed tumor relapse after an initial response. Finally, ASP3026 exhibited potent antitumor activity against cells expressing EML4-ALK with a mutation in the gatekeeper position (L1196M) that confers crizotinib resistance. Taken together, these findings indicate that ASP3026 has potential efficacy for NSCLC and is expected to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients with cancer with ALK abnormality. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(2); 329–40. ©2014 AACR.
The AMPK Inhibitor Compound C Is a Potent AMPK-Independent Antiglioma Agent
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Chhipa Rishi Raj , Nakano Ichiro , Dasgupta Biplab 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved energy sensor important for cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolic regulation. Active AMPK inhibits biosynthetic enzymes like mTOR and acetyl CoA carboxylase (required for protein and lipid synthesis, respectively) to ensure that cells maintain essential nutrients and energy during metabolic crisis. Despite our knowledge about this incredibly important kinase, no specific chemical inhibitors are available to examine its function. However, one small molecule known as compound C (also called dorsomorphin) has been widely used in cell-based, biochemical, and in vivo assays as a selective AMPK inhibitor. In nearly all these reports including a recent study in glioma, the biochemical and cellular effects of compound C have been attributed to its inhibitory action toward AMPK. While examining the status of AMPK activation in human gliomas, we observed that glioblastomas express copious amount of active AMPK. Compound C effectively reduced glioma viability in vitro both by inhibiting proliferation and inducing cell death. As expected, compound C inhibited AMPK; however, all the antiproliferative effects of this compound were AMPK independent. Instead, compound C killed glioma cells by multiple mechanisms, including activation of the calpain/cathepsin pathway, inhibition of AKT, mTORC1/C2, cell-cycle block at G2–M, and induction of necroptosis and autophagy. Importantly, normal astrocytes were significantly less susceptible to compound C. In summary, compound C is an extremely potent antiglioma agent but we suggest that caution should be taken in interpreting results when this compound is used as an AMPK inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(3); 596–605. ©2014 AACR.
Diagnosis, management and outcomes of necrotising soft tissue infection within a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit
Authors: Lee Ling Hong , Chalmers Richard , Muir Tobian 
Published: January 2014

Background and aims Necrotising soft tissue infection (NSTI) is an extremely serious condition that relies on a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis and emergent radical surgical treatment. We explored the presentation, management and outcomes of NSTI within our department. We also assessed the potential benefit of using risk predictor scoring system. Methods Retrospective review using departmental electronic database and hospital records. Results Twenty-four patients were treated for NSTI within our department between 2004 and 2010. Seventeen presented in our hospital to various surgical and medical teams. All patients presented with pain, swelling, erythema and tenderness at palpation. Only 40% of necrotising fasciitis and 28.6% of Fournier’s gangrene were diagnosed as NSTI at initial assessment. Average mean interval time from admission to primary surgery was 17.7 h and 4 h from diagnosis to primary surgery. There were four mortalities. The average risk predictor Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising Fasciitis score was 7.9. Significant morbidities post-operatively included bowel stoma, long-term urinary catheter and new diagnoses of carcinomas. Conclusion Physicians and surgeons need to be suspicious of NSTI in severe cases of soft tissue infection to prevent delay in diagnosis and life-saving treatment. Scoring system can be used judiciously as adjunct to aid diagnosis.
Equality, Solidarity, and the Human Condition
Authors: Kronenberg Clive W. 
Published: January 2014

An examination of the humanist thought embedded in José Martí’s anticolonial critique reveals his deep devotion to human solidarity and human equality, with education, in particular, seen as “an act of love.” Underpinning this commitment is Martí’s considerate awareness of the “human condition” of the oppressed and colonized. Whereas humanism as theorized and practiced in Western liberal circles has neglected to challenge the current order of oppression, misery, and suffering, Martí’s humanist critique is situated squarely on the side of victims, waving the banner of human dignity and equality as well as of solidarity with the disfavored. Un análisis del pensamiento humanista que caracteriza la crítica anticolonial de José Martí revela su profunda devoción a la solidaridad e igualdad humana; la educación, en particular, es vista como “un acto de amor.” Este compromiso se sustenta en la conciencia que tiene Martí de la “condición humana” de los oprimidos y colonizados. Mientras que el humanismo como teoría y práctica en círculos liberales occidentales no ha buscado desafiar el orden actual de opresión, miseria, y sufrimiento, la crítica humanista de Martí se encuentra del lado de las víctimas, ondeando la bandera de la igualdad y la dignidad humana así como de la solidaridad con los desfavorecidos.
Purhépechas in Tarecuato and Chicago
Authors: Schütze Stephanie 
Published: January 2014

The organization of indigenous Purhépecha migrants from the northwestern Mexican state of Michoacán to Chicago has benefited from the ability they have developed to adapt to different political and cultural contexts in Mexico. The Purhépecha community of Tarecuato has managed to combine indigenous culture and the administrative structures imposed by the nation-state to confront the discrimination and assimilation strategies of the mestizo municipality of Santiago Tangamandapio. In Chicago, the migrants from Tarecuato have organized themselves into a hometown association, the Club Tarecuato, and this has made it possible for them to negotiate development projects in the home community with the mestizo municipal president when he visits them in Chicago. Thus the transnational engagement of these indigenous migrants has produced a shift in the political power structure, giving them a voice in local decision making and increasing their influence in the predominantly mestizo municipality. La organización de migrantes purépechas originarios del estado de Michoacán, en el noroccidente de México, y ahora residentes en Chicago se ha beneficiado de su capacidad de adaptación a diferentes contextos políticos y culturales en México. La comunidad Purhépecha de Tarecuato ha logrado combinar la cultura indígena y las estructuras administrativas impuestas por el estado-nación para hacer frente a las estrategias de discriminación y asimilación del municipio mestizo de Santiago Tangamandapio. En Chicago, los migrantes de Tarecuato han creado un club de oriundos, el Club Tarecuato. Esto les ha permitido negociar proyectos de desarrollo en la comunidad de origen con el presidente municipal mestizo cuando les visita en Chicago. Es así que el compromiso de estos indígenas migrantes transnacionales ha producido un cambio en la estructura del poder político, otorgándoles participación en la toma de decisiones locales e incrementando su influencia un municipio predominantemente mestizo.
Jesus Loves Me This I Know: ’Cause My Mother Told Me So! … Being a Child of Religion and Violence
Authors: Casey Keree Louise 
Published: January 2014

The most significant influences on our lives as we grow and develop from babies into children, teenagers into young adults, are usually our parents or primary care-givers. How we understand who we are in relation to our family structures, as well as the wider community, is influenced, nurtured and directed by our care-givers. Beyond our day to day interaction with others on an individual and communal basis, our care-givers not only influence our moral and ethical thinking but also our experience and expression of faith. As a child of a devoutly religious mother and an agnostic father, religion was often a source of conflict. The expression of faith not only exacerbated the domestic violence within the family home, it was also a tool of violence. This paper uses the creative tools of poetry and narrative story-telling to explore the connection between religion, children and violence and ultimately, healing and spirituality.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Efficacy Versus Corticosteroid Injection Treatment for Chronic Severe Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Monto Raymond Rocco 
Published: January 2014

Background: Chronic plantar fasciitis is a common orthopedic condition that can prove difficult to successfully treat. In this study, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a concentrated bioactive blood component rich in cytokines and growth factors, was compared to traditional cortisone injection in the treatment of chronic cases of plantar fasciitis resistant to traditional nonoperative management. Methods: Forty patients (23 females and 17 males) with unilateral chronic plantar fasciitis that did not respond to a minimum of 4 months of standardized traditional nonoperative treatment modalities were prospectively randomized and treated with either a single ultrasound guided injection of 3 cc PRP or 40 mg DepoMedrol cortisone. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scoring was completed for all patients immediately prior to PRP or cortisone injection (pretreatment = time 0) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following injection treatment. Baseline pretreatment radiographs and MRI studies were obtained in all cases to confirm the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. Results: The cortisone group had a pretreatment average AOFAS score of 52, which initially improved to 81 at 3 months posttreatment but decreased to 74 at 6 months, then dropped to near baseline levels of 58 at 12 months, and continued to decline to a final score of 56 at 24 months. In contrast, the PRP group started with an average pretreatment AOFAS score of 37, which increased to 95 at 3 months, remained elevated at 94 at 6 and 12 months, and had a final score of 92 at 24 months. Conclusions: PRP was more effective and durable than cortisone injection for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant cases of plantar fasciitis. Level of Evidence: Level I, prospective randomized comparative series.
Open-Label, Short-Term, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease With Functional Imaging Correlates and Literature Review
Authors: Devi Gayatri , Voss Henning U. , Levine Dani , Abrassart Dana , Heier Linda , Halper James , Martin Leilanie , Lowe Sandy 
Published: January 2014

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be beneficial in ameliorating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: AD patients received four high-frequency rTMS sessions over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) over two weeks. Structured cognitive assessments were administered at baseline, at 2 weeks after completion of rTMS, and at 4 weeks post treatment. At these same times, tolerant patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing structured motor and cognitive tasks. We also reviewed literature regarding the effects of rTMS on cognitive function in AD. Results: A total of 12 patients were enrolled, eight of whom tolerated the fMRI. Improvement was seen in Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination tests of verbal and non-verbal agility 4 weeks post-treatment. The fMRI analysis showed trends for increased activation during cognitive performance tasks immediately after and at 4 weeks post-treatment. Our literature review revealed several double-blind, sham-controlled studies, all showing sustained improvement in cognition of AD patients with rTMS. Conclusions: There was improvement in aspects of language after four rTMS treatments, sustained a month after treatment cessation. Our results are consistent with other studies and standardization of treatment protocols using functional imaging may be of benefit.
The efficacy of second-line hormone therapy for recurrence during adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Mori Ryutaro , Nagao Yasuko 
Published: January 2014

Objectives: The recurrence of breast cancer during adjuvant hormone therapy is often targeted by second-line hormone therapy. However, there has been a lack of prior success with such treatments. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of subsequent hormone therapy. Methods: Patients who underwent breast cancer surgery between 2006 and 2012 at our institution were investigated. Results: A total of 20 patients developed recurrence during adjuvant hormone therapy. There were four patients with luminal A, seven with luminal B and six with luminal HER2 tumors, respectively. Twelve patients received subsequent hormone therapy, and eight patients received chemotherapy. Subsequent hormone therapy produced one partial response (PR), two long stable disease (SD), one SD and five progressive disease (PD). A clinical benefit (CB) was obtained by 33%. Subsequent chemotherapy produced one complete response (CR), two PRs, one long SD and two PD, resulting in a CB in 66%. Among those who received any hormone therapy, the best responses were two PR, three long SD and one SD. A CB was obtained by 38%, while seven patients did not have any CB from hormone therapy. Meanwhile, the best responses to chemotherapy were two CRs, four PRs, three SD and two PD, thus resulting in a CB in 72%. All luminal A cases obtained a long SD or SD with hormone therapy. However, the CB of hormone therapy for non-luminal A cases was only 30%. Conclusions: The efficacy of hormone therapy for recurrence during adjuvant hormone therapy is poor, and when selecting therapy for such patients, the breast cancer subtype should be taken into account.
Pomalidomide alone or in combination with low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 2 study
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Siegel David S. , Vij Ravi , Hofmeister Craig C. , Baz Rachid , Jagannath Sundar , Chen Christine , Lonial Sagar , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Bahlis Nizar , Song Kevin , Belch Andrew , Raje Noopur , Shustik Chaim , Lentzsch Suzanne , Lacy Martha , Mikhael Joseph , Matous Jeffrey , Vesole David , Chen Min , Zaki Mohamed H. , Jacques Christian , Yu Zhinuan , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsPomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone significantly improved PFS vs pomalidomide alone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone is an important new treatment option for RRMM patients who have received multiple prior therapies.