bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of relaxin receptor in the dorsoradial ligament, synovium, and articular cartilage of the trapeziometacarpal joint
Authors: Clifton Kari B. , Rodner Craig , Wolf Jennifer Moriatis 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBasilar thumb osteoarthritis (OA) is postulated to occur due to ligament attenuation of the trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint. Relaxin is a peptide hormone, which loosens ligaments before childbirth, through remodeling of the extracellular matrix via upregulation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). We postulated that relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP‐1), the receptor for circulating relaxin, was present in tissues of the TM joint. Ligaments and synovium were sampled from 15 patients during surgery for TM arthritis. We obtained trapezial cartilage from two autopsy donors and four patients. Tissues were fixed, paraffin embedded, and sectioned at 5 µm, then were immunostained for RXFP‐1, as well as MMP‐1, and MMP‐13, using rabbit anti‐human polyclonal antibodies. Eight DRL samples showed positive immunostaining for relaxin receptor, with 14/15 positively stained in synovium. Greater staining was seen in specimens obtained from women with more severe TM arthritis. Trapezial cartilage demonstrated receptor staining within chondrocytes in the middle and deep zones. Immunostaining for MMPs co‐localized with relaxin receptor staining. Relaxin receptors are present at the ligament, cartilage, and synovium of the TM joint, indicating that it is a potential target for relaxin. This suggests that circulating relaxin may impact joint stability. The role of relaxin in cartilage and synovium may be related to its role in collagen regulation as a possible tissue response to OA. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1061–1067, 2014.
Engineering Aqueous Fiber Assembly into Silk‐Elastin‐Like Protein Polymers
Authors: Zeng Like , Jiang Linan , Teng Weibing , Cappello Joseph , Zohar Yitshak , Wu Xiaoyi 
Published: May 2014

Self‐assembled peptide/protein nanofibers are valuable 1D building blocks for creating complex structures with designed properties and functions. It is reported that the self‐assembly of silk‐elastin‐like protein polymers into nanofibers or globular aggregates in aqueous solutions can be modulated by tuning the temperature of the protein solutions, the size of the silk blocks, and the charge of the elastin blocks. A core‐sheath model is proposed for nanofiber formation, with the silk blocks in the cores and the hydrated elastin blocks in the sheaths. The folding of the silk blocks into stable cores—affected by the size of the silk blocks and the charge of the elastin blocks—plays a critical role in the assembly of silk‐elastin nanofibers. Furthermore, enhanced hydrophobic interactions between the elastin blocks at elevated temperatures greatly influence the nanoscale features of silk‐elastin nanofibers.
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The effect of magnification on sonographically measured nerve cross‐sectional area
Authors: Jelsing Elena J. , Presley James C. , Maida Eugene , Hangiandreou Nicholas J. , Smith Jay 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The primary aim of this investigation was to determine whether use of write‐zoom magnification affects sonographically determined cross‐sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves. Methods: CSAs of the median (MN) and posterior interosseous (PIN) nerves were measured in 22 limbs from 11 asymptomatic volunteers using both standard imaging and write‐zoom magnification. CSA measurements were repeated on the same images 1 week later. Results: The average CSA of write‐zoomed images for the MN was significantly larger at both measurement sessions (week 1: 11.1 mm2 write‐zoom vs. 10.0 mm2 standard, P = 0.019; week 2: 11.8 mm2 vs. 10.4 mm2, P = 0.023). Similar differences were noted for the PIN (week 1: 2.3 mm2 vs. 1.9 mm2, P = 0.002; week 2: 2.5 mm2 vs. 1.9 mm2, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Write‐zoom magnification may significantly increase the measured CSA of peripheral nerves. These changes appear to be more substantial when smaller nerves are measured. Muscle Nerve 51: 30–34, 2015
Intact muscle compartment exposed to botulinum toxin type a shows compromised intermuscular mechanical interaction
Authors: Yucesoy Can A. , Turkoğlu Ahu Nur , Umur Sevgi , Ateş Filiz 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We tested the hypothesis that BTX‐A diminishes epimuscular myofascial force transmission (EMFT) within an intact muscle compartment. Methods: The tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscles were kept at constant length, whereas the position of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was changed exclusively. Two groups of Wistar rats were tested: a control group (no BTX‐A injected) and a BTX group (0.1 unit of BTX‐A injected into the mid‐belly of TA). Results: In controls, distally altered EDL position affected EDL distal and proximal forces and proximodistal force differences, indicating substantial EMFT. In the BTX group, EDL forces measured at the most proximal position did not change significantly with altered muscle position, and EDL proximodistal force differences became minimized. Conclusions: Use of BTX‐A diminishes EMFT. It may be relevant clinically that BTX‐A compromises intermuscular mechanical interaction, as recent studies have shown that such an interaction plays a role in the abnormal mechanics of spastic muscle. Muscle Nerve 51: 106–116, 2015
Anatomical study of the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nerves using high‐resolution ultrasound
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto , Bignotti Bianca , Cadoni Angela , Perez Maribel Miguel , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we aimed to determine whether high‐resolution ultrasound (US) can identify the iliohypogastric (IH), ilioinguinal (II), and genitofemoral (GF) nerves and their relations. Methods: This investigation, initially undertaken in cadavers, was followed by a high‐resolution US study in 30 healthy adult volunteers (180 nerves) by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists on separate occasions, using 2 different approaches (proximal to distal and distal to proximal). A 0–3 scale was used to assess nerve visibility. Location and course of the IH, II, and GF nerves and their relations to adjacent anatomical structures were analyzed. Results: Nerves and their terminal branches were better visualized with the distal‐to‐proximal approach (P < 0.05). Visualization of the terminal branches was possible in up to 60% of volunteers. Conclusions: High‐resolution ultrasound (US) can identify the IH, II, and GF nerves at the level of the abdominal wall and the terminal branches in the majority of volunteers. Muscle Nerve 51: 42–48, 2015
Bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate as an efficient organocatalyst for ring‐opening polymerization of β‐butyrolactone leading to end‐functionalized and diblock polyesters
Authors: Makiguchi Kosuke , Saito Tatsuya , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of β‐butyrolactone (β‐BL) has been studied using the organocatalysts of diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The controlled ROP of β‐BL was achieved using BNPP, whereas that of using DPP was insufficient because of its low acidity. For the BNPP‐catalyzed ROP of β‐BL, the dual activation property for β‐BL and the chain‐end models of poly(β‐butyrolactone) (PBL) were confirmed by NMR measurements. The optimized polymerization condition for the ROP of β‐BL proceeded through an O‐acyl cleavage to produce the well‐defined PBLs with molecular weights up to 10,650 g mol−1 and relatively narrow polydispersities of 1.19–1.39. Functional initiators were utilized for producing the end‐functionalized PBLs with the ethynyl, maleimide, pentafluorophenyl, methacryloyl, and styryl groups. Additionally, the diblock copolymers consisting of the PBL segment with the polyester or polycarbonate segments were prepared by the BNPP‐catalyzed ROPs of ε‐caprolactone or trimethylene carbonate without quenching. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2032–2039
Trust dynamic task allocation algorithm with Nash equilibrium for heterogeneous wireless sensor network
Authors: Guo Wen Zhong , Chen Jia Ye , Chen Guo Long , Zheng Hai Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTask allocation is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the existing traditional solutions to this problem in high‐performance computing cannot be directly implemented in WSNs because of limitations such as resource availability and shared communication medium. In this paper, we address the task allocation problem for a heterogeneous WSN, and a trust dynamic task allocation algorithm is proposed. Firstly, to ensure the nodes in the same coalition are mutually closer in distance, a discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed to generate a structure of the parallel coalitions. Secondly, in order to minimize the execution time of the tasks, save the energy cost of the nodes and balance the load of the network, we design task strategies and payoff functions by invoking the game theory in WSNs and propose a PSO with the redesigned fitness function to find the Nash equilibrium point for the purpose of improving the effectiveness of scheduling and the reliability of the network. In this step, the sink node will play the role of trust manager, and it will allocate tasks based on the Nash equilibrium point, which is a trust solution to make sure all tasks can be finished. Finally, the extensive experiments are conducted to compare our algorithm with two other algorithms. The experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our algorithm, which can obtain a good balance between local solution and global exploration and achieve superior energy efficiency and network reliability within a short period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying an OpenID anti‐phishing scheme for cyberspace
Authors: Abbas Haider , Qaemi Mahmoodzadeh Moeen , Aslam Khan Farrukh , Pasha Maruf 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOpenID is widely being used for user centric identity management in many Web applications. OpenID provides Web users with the ability to manage their identities through third party identity providers while remaining independent of the subject that actually uses the identities to authenticate individuals. Starting from the early stages of its inception, OpenID has received a large amount of acceptance and use in the current Web community because of its flexibility and ease of use. However, in addition to its benefits and flexibilities, OpenID faces its own share of vulnerabilities and threats, which have made its future and large‐scale use in cyberspace questionable. OpenID Phishing is one such attack that has received much attention and that requires a comprehensive solution. This paper aims at identifying and discussing a solution to OpenID Phishing by proposing a user authentication scheme that allows OpenID providers to identify a user using publicly known entities. The research will help in next‐generation cyber security innovations by reducing the authentication dependency on user credentials, that is, login name/password. The authentication scheme is also validated through detailed descriptions of use cases and prototype implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting aerial moose population estimation methods and evaluating sightability in west‐central Alberta, Canada
Authors: Peters Wibke , Hebblewhite Mark , Smith Kirby G. , Webb Shevenell M. , Webb Nathan , Russell Mike , Stambaugh Curtis , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPopulation assessment is a primary component of ungulate management, but managers are continuously under pressure to reduce survey cost. Another concern in aerial surveys is accounting for undetected animals (i.e., visibility bias). Currently, a stratified random block‐survey design (hereafter, block‐surveys) is used to develop moose (Alces alces) population estimates in several regions of North America. In this case study, we evaluated the application of distance sampling as an alternative to block‐surveys in Alberta, Canada. We conducted distance‐sampling surveys in 2010 and 2012 and compared density estimates, precision (coeff. of variation) and flight effort (hr/100 km2 of survey area) to block‐surveys flown in 2002, 2007, 2009, and 2012. To assess sightability bias and subsequently correct for moose missed on the transect line, we developed a predictive sightability model using 41 sightability trials with 21 radiocollared moose in 2009 and 2010. Without correcting for visibility bias on the transect line, distance sampling was more efficient in terms of flight‐hours than block‐surveys, while providing population estimates with similar or higher precision. Estimated sightability on the transect line was 67% in 2010 and 46% in 2012, which was used to re‐scale the detection functions. Considering that population estimates from block‐surveys as applied in Alberta are based on observable moose, distance sampling with a sightability correction likely provided more accurate estimates. Our results support the application of distance sampling as an alternative to block‐surveys, but we suggest further investigation of methods for correcting visibility bias on the transect line. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Antiviral Therapy Decreases Recurrence of Hepatitis B Virus‐related Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Yanming , Zhang Zhansai , Zhao Yanfang , Wu Lupeng , Li Bin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term outcome after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory because of the high incidence of recurrence. The present study was intended to assess the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy on posthepatectomy recurrence of HBV‐related HCC.MethodsEligible studies were identified through a computerized literature search. The pooled relative risk ratio (RR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Review Manager 5.1 Software.ResultsTwenty studies with a total of 8,204 participants were included for this meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis showed that high viral load was significantly associated with risk of recurrence (RR: 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.41–2.42; P < 0.001), poorer disease‐free survival (DFS) (RR: 1.96, 95 % CI: 1.62–2.38; P < 0.001), and poorer overall survival (OS) (RR: 1.47, 95 % CI: 1.22–1.77; P < 0.001) of HBV‐related HCC after surgical resection. Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy significantly decreased the recurrence risk (RR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.59–0.80; P < 0.001) and improved both DFS (RR: 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.58–0.83; P < 0.001) and OS (RR: 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.32–0.68; P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh DNA level is associated with posthepatectomy recurrence of HBV‐related HCC. Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy improves the prognosis of HBV‐related HCC after resection.
Analysis of Prospective Trauma Registry Data in Francophone Africa: A Pilot Study from Cameroon
Authors: Juillard Catherine J. , Stevens Kent A. , Monono Martin Ekeke , Mballa Georges Alain Etoundi , Ngamby Marquise Kouo , McGreevy Jolion , Cryer Gill , Hyder Adnan A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionInjury rates in sub‐Saharan Africa are among the highest in the world, but prospective, registry‐based reports from Cameroon are limited. We aimed to create a prospective trauma registry to expand the data elements collected on injury at a busy tertiary center in Yaoundé Cameroon.MethodsDetails of the injury context, presentation, care, cost, and disposition from the emergency department (ED) were gathered over a 6‐month period, by trained research assistants using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate models were built to explore variable relationships and outcomes.ResultsThere were 2,855 injured patients in 6 months, comprising almost half of all ED visits. Mean age was 30 years; 73 % were male. Injury mechanism was road traffic injury in 59 %, fall in 7 %, penetrating trauma in 6 %, and animal bites in 4 %. Of these, 1,974 (69 %) were discharged home, 517 (18 %) taken to the operating room, and 14 (1 %) to the intensive care unit. The body areas most severely injured were pelvis and extremity in 43 %, head in 30 %, chest in 4 %, and abdomen in 3 %. The estimated injury severity score (eISS) was <9 in 60 %, 9–24 in 35 %, and >25 in 2 %. Mortality was 0.7 %. In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of mortality were eISS ≥9 and Glasgow Coma Score ≤12. Road traffic injury was an independent predictor for the need to have surgery. Trauma registry results were presented to the Ministry of Health in Cameroon, prompting the formation of a National Injury Committee.ConclusionsInjuries comprise a significant proportion of ED visits and utilization of surgical services in Yaoundé. A prospective approach allows for more extensive information. Thorough data from a prospective trauma registry can be used successfully to advocate for policy towards prevention and treatment of injuries.
The Extent of Soft Tissue and Musculoskeletal Injuries after Earthquakes; Describing a Role for Reconstructive Surgeons in an Emergency Response
Authors: Clover A. J. P. , Jemec B. , Redmond A. D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundEarthquakes are the leading cause of natural disaster‐related mortality and morbidity. Soft tissue and musculoskeletal injuries are the predominant type of injury seen after these events and a major reason for admission to hospital. Open fractures are relatively common; however, they are resource‐intense to manage. Appropriate management is important in minimising amputation rates and preserving function. This review describes the pattern of musculoskeletal and soft‐tissue injuries seen after earthquakes and explores the manpower and resource implications involved in their management.MethodsA Medline search was performed, including terms “injury pattern” and “earthquake,” “epidemiology injuries” and “earthquakes,” “plastic surgery,” “reconstructive surgery,” “limb salvage” and “earthquake.” Papers published between December 1992 and December 2012 were included, with no initial language restriction.ResultsLimb injuries are the commonest injuries seen accounting for 60 % of all injuries, with fractures in more than 50 % of those admitted to hospital, with between 8 and 13 % of these fractures open. After the first few days and once the immediate lifesaving phase is over, the management of these musculoskeletal and soft‐tissue injuries are the commonest procedures required.ConclusionsDue to the predominance of soft‐tissue and musculoskeletal injuries, plastic surgeons as specialists in soft‐tissue reconstruction should be mobilised in the early stages of a disaster response as part of a multidisciplinary team with a focus on limb salvage.
Impact of Introduction of Laparoscopic Surgery on Management of Unresolved Intra‐Abdominal Malignancies in a West African Hospital
Authors: Adisa Adewale O. , Lawal Oladejo O. , Adesunkanmi Abdul‐Rasheed K. , Adejuyigbe Olusanya 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐abdominal malignancies often pose diagnostic problems to surgeons in resource‐challenged centers such as ours due to limitations in modern imaging and other facilities. This prompted the adoption of laparoscopy in our hospital as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing these conditions.MethodPre‐ and per‐operative data of consecutive cases of clinically unresolved advanced intra‐abdominal tumors subjected to laparoscopy from January 2009 through June 2013 were reviewed. Anatomic diagnosis and tissue biopsies were carried out during the procedures.ResultsOf the 152 patients seen with intra‐abdominal tumors, 74 (48.7 %) had advanced conditions that could not be resolved clinically. Of these, 33 (44.6 %) were able to afford and had computed tomography (CT), scan while the remaining (N = 41; 55.4 %) less endowed only had an ultrasound scan. This cohort underwent laparoscopic evaluation, and biopsies confirmed the following: 27 (36.5 %) metastatic adenocarcinomas, 12 (16.2 %) primary hepatic malignancies, 11 (14.9 %) cases each of lymphomas and colonic adenocarcinomas, 4 (5.4 %) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 (4.1 %) pancreatic carcinomas, 2 (2.7 %) cases each of carcinoid tumors and abdominal tuberculosis, and one case each of schistosomiasis and HIV‐related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Additionally, 26 (35.1 %) had ascites, while 29 (39.1 %) had peritoneal surface malignancies. With local adaptations and improvisations, laparoscopy was cheaper than an abdominal CT scan in our setting, with the additional benefit of obtaining tissue diagnosis to institute treatment.ConclusionAlthough laparoscopy is commonly used for staging intra‐abdominal tumors, we found it useful in complementing clinical diagnosis and attaining histopathological confirmation in a setting where access to and funding of modern imaging is limited.
Prevalence of Surgical Conditions in Individuals Aged More Than 50 Years: A Cluster‐Based Household Survey in Sierra Leone
Authors: Wong Evan G. , Kamara Thaim B. , Groen Reinou S. , Zogg Cheryl K. , Zenilman Michael E. , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundWith the demographic transition disproportionately affecting developing nations, the healthcare burden associated with the elderly is likely to be compounded by poor baseline surgical capacity in these settings. We sought to assess the prevalence of surgical disease and disability in the elderly population of Sierra Leone to guide future development strategies.MethodsA cluster randomized, cross‐sectional household survey was carried out countrywide in Sierra Leone from January 9th to February 3rd 2012. Using a standardized questionnaire, household member demographics, deaths occurring during the previous 12 months, and presence of any current surgical condition were elucidated. A retrospective analysis of individuals aged 50 and over was performed.ResultsThe survey included 1,843 households with a total of 3,645 respondents. Of these, 13.6 % (496/3,645) were aged over 50 years. Of the elderly individuals in our sample, 301 (60.7 %) reported a current surgical condition. Of current surgical disease identified among elderly individuals (n = 530), 349 (65.8 %) described it as disabling, and 223 (42.1 %) sought help from traditional medicine practitioners. Women (odds ratio [OR] 0.60; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.90) and individuals living in urban settings (OR 0.44, 95 % CI 0.26–0.75) were less likely to report a current surgical problem. Of the 230 elderly deaths in the previous year, 83 (36.1 %) reported a surgical condition in the week prior.ConclusionsThe unmet burden of surgical disease is prevalent in the elderly in low‐resource settings. This patient population is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, and more resources should be allocated to address their surgical needs.