bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing 
Published: October 2015

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 45(5), September–October 2015: Integer Programming, Michele Conforti, Gérard Cornuéjols, and Giacomo Zambelli; and Mapping Urban Practices Through Mobile Phone Data, Paola Pucci, Fabio Manfredini, and Paola Tagliolato.
Increasing Hospital Pharmacist Clinical Competence in Intensive Pharmacotherapeutics Using a Novel Pharmacist Clinical Educational Program
Authors: Rudd Kelly , Goss J.B. , Engle Amanda L. , Kile David 
Published: October 2015

Background Intensive pharmacotherapeutics (IP) is the application of multiple evidence-based practices applied at a patient-specific level, creating the overall best treatment plan in medically complex patients. To practice at this level, a high level of clinical knowledge and competency is paramount. Objective The goal of the pharmacist clinical educational program was to develop an engaging, challenging, and interactive program, which was concise but intense, to improve pharmacists’ clinical knowledge and critical thinking skills. Methods A 12-week educational series was developed and successfully implemented. The primary outcome was a comparison of the proportion of accepted clinical interventions per total number of medication orders reviewed by hospital pharmacists during and after the pharmacist clinical educational program to a 3-month baseline. The secondary outcome was to anonymously gauge participant satisfaction with the program. Results The proportion of accepted clinical interventions increased from 6.4% (at baseline) to 9.1% and 8.7% in the 3 months during and 3 months immediately after the educational program, respectively ( P < .01). The overall acceptance rate for clinical interventions remained >90% for all periods. Approximately 94% of respondents ( n = 16) indicated that the program met their educational needs. Conclusions The development of a clinical educational program to engage, challenge, and incentivize pharmacists is an essential tool to elevate the practice of IP. By maximizing existing resources, programming can be provided in an efficient and cost-effective manner. As health systems continue to merge on a national level, the methods described here demonstrate a means to provide critical education for both clinical and organizational competency.
How Drug Shortages Affect Clinical Care: The Case of the Surgical Anesthetic Propofol
Authors: Romito Bryan , Stone Jonathan , Ning Ning , Yin Chen , Llano Ernesto M. , Liu Jing , Somanath Keerthan , Lee Christopher T. , Matchett Gerald 
Published: October 2015

Background Periodic drug shortages have become a reality in clinical practice. In 2010, in the context of a nationwide drug shortage, our hospital experienced an abrupt 3-month shortage of the surgical anesthetic propofol. The purpose of this retrospective study was to survey the clinical impact of the abrupt propofol shortage at our hospital and to survey for any change in perioperative mortality. Methods A retrospective before-and-after analysis, comparing May through July 2010 (group A, prior to the propofol shortage) to August through October 2010 (group B, during the propofol shortage). Results In May through July 2010, before the propofol shortage, a majority of patients (80%) received propofol (group A, n = 2,830). In August through October 2010, during the propofol shortage, a majority of patients (81%) received etomidate (group B, n = 3,066). We observed that net usage of etomidate increased by more than 600% in our hospital. Baseline health characteristics and type of surgery were similar between groups A and B. Thirty-day and 2-year mortality were similar between groups A and B. The reported causes and frequency of mortality in groups A and B were also similar. Conclusion The propofol shortage led to an increased usage of etomidate by more than 600%. In spite of that, we did not detect an increase in mortality associated with the increased use of etomidate during a 3-month propofol shortage.
Pitfalls in Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Measurement for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Protoporphyrias
Authors: Gou Eric W , Balwani Manisha , Bissell D Montgomery , Bloomer Joseph R , Bonkovsky Herbert L , Desnick Robert J , Naik Hetanshi , Phillips John D , Singal Ashwani K , Wang Bruce , Keel Sioban , Anderson Karl E 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaboratory diagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) requires a marked increase in total erythrocyte protoporphyrin (300–5000 μg/dL erythrocytes, reference interval &lt;80 μg/dL) and a predominance (85%–100%) of metal-free protoporphyrin [normal, mostly zinc protoporphyrin (reference intervals for the zinc protoporphyrin proportion have not been established)]; plasma porphyrins are not always increased. X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) causes a similar increase in total erythrocyte protoporphyrin with a lower fraction of metal-free protoporphyrin (50%–85% of the total).CONTENTIn studying more than 180 patients with EPP and XLP, the Porphyrias Consortium found that erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations for some patients were much higher (4.3- to 46.7-fold) than indicated by previous reports provided by these patients. The discrepant earlier reports, which sometimes caused the diagnosis to be missed initially, were from laboratories that measure protoporphyrin only by hematofluorometry, which is intended primarily to screen for lead poisoning. However, the instrument can calculate results on the basis of assumed hematocrits and reports results as “free” and “zinc” protoporphyrin (with different reference intervals), implying separate measurements of metal-free and zinc protoporphyrin. Such misleading reports impair diagnosis and monitoring of patients with protoporphyria.SUMMARYWe suggest that laboratories should prioritize testing for EPP and XLP, because accurate measurement of erythrocyte total and metal-free protoporphyrin is essential for diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions, but less important for other disorders. Terms and abbreviations used in reporting erythrocyte protoporphyrin results should be accurately defined.
Notions of affinity in calculus of variations with differential forms
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Saugata , Sil Swarnendu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExt-int. one affine functions are functions affine in the direction of one-divisible exterior forms with respect to the exterior product in one variable and with respect to
the interior product in the other. The purpose of this article is to prove a characterization theorem for this class of functions, which plays an important role
in the calculus of variations for differential forms.
The Spatial Analysis of Terrorism in Pakistan
Authors: Ur Rehman Faiz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Many governments, political economists and terrorist experts consider the use of military and police forces as the ultimate way to effectively deter terrorism. The most effective negative sanctions are considered to be military strikes, aggressive actions (including crackdowns, search operations, raids and shelling) against individuals known or suspected of being terrorists, or against organizations and persons who allegedly support terrorists. Do these negative sanctions effectively deter terrorism? To explore this question, I test displacement, diffusion of terrorism control benefits and vengeance hypotheses of terrorism prevention interventions in Pakistan. The displacement proposition holds when policy intervention raises the opportunity cost of terrorist activities in a given geographic space, thus, increases terrorist incidents in the neighborhoods, where opportunity cost is low. If the same policy decreases terrorism in the adjacent neighborhood, the diffusion proposition holds. Lastly, the vengeance hypothesis illustrates that intervention decreases the opportunity cost of terrorism which escalates more violence. This study explores district level spatial variation in terrorist incidents and terrorism prevention strategies from 2001 to 2012. It shows that terrorism prevention interventions significantly displace terrorism to the neighboring units. The results further illustrate that spatial differences in the legal framework across districts against terrorism related crimes lead to significant cross sectional variation in terrorist attacks.
On Public Host Liability
Authors: Kim Jeong-Yoo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Civil laws or commercial laws in many countries stipulate the liability of the public host whereby a public host is liable for the losses due to damage or lost of the property of the guest left to the host. In this paper, we consider the situation in which the value of the property is ex ante not known to the host. In this case, we show that the voluntary information disclosure rule is more efficient than the mandatory information disclosure rule. We also derive some implications on Article 153 of the Korean Commercial Law prescribing for this case.
HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [HBA2:c.3G>T], HB Gran Vía [HBA2:c.98T>G], HB Macarena [HBA2:c.358C>T] and HB El Retiro [HBA2:c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies
Authors: de la Fuente-Gonzalo Félix , Nieto Jorge M. , Velasco Diego , Cela Elena , Pérez Germán , Fernández-Teijeiro Ana , Escudero Antonio , Villegas Ana , González-Fernández Fernando A. , Ropero Paloma 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStructural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far.We studied seven patients who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal HbAThe Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing.Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran Vía, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of α-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.
Variable association of complement activation by rituximab and paclitaxel in cancer patients in vivo and in their screening serum in vitro with clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity: a pilot study
Authors: Kozma Gergely Tibor , Mészáros Tamás , Weiszhár Zsóka , Schneider Tamás , Rosta András , Urbanics Rudolf , Rosivall László , Szebeni János 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo explore the role of complement (C) activation in the hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to some anticancer drugs, as well as the use of the C activation biomarkers (C
Halogenated sunflower oil as a precursor for synthesis of polysulfide polymer
Authors: Moqadam Samira , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPolysulfide polymers usually are prepared by the reaction of different dihalide compounds with disodium polysulfides. In this field, dihalides are expensive and produced from halogenation of organic compounds by different methods with harsh conditions. To overcome this problem, in this work, sunflower oil as polyunsaturated oil was used as precursor to produce polyhalide compound. In this field, double bonds of oil were applied as functional groups to halogenate the sunflower via benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed reaction with hydrochloric acid. Also, Na2S3 was synthesized via the reaction between sulfur and sodium hydroxide. Then, halogenated oil was reacted with Na2S3 to produce sunflower oil-based polysulfide polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were used to characterize the structure of sunflower oil and synthesized polysulfide polymer. The content of halogenation was also obtained via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Thermal stability of synthesized polymer was determined by means of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and glass transition temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in healthy and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle
Authors: Deshmukh Atul S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissues in the human body and is considered the primary target for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In skeletal muscle, binding of the insulin to insulin receptor (IR) initiates a signaling cascade that results in the translocation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane which leads to facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cell. Understanding the precise signaling events guiding insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is pivotal, because impairment in these signaling events leads to development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes current understanding of insulin signaling pathways mediating glucose uptake in healthy and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
A note on nilpotent representations
Authors: Bergeron Maxime , Silberman Lior 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Let Γ be a finitely generated nilpotent group and let G be a
complex reductive algebraic group. The representation variety Hom(Γ,G) and
the character variety Hom(Γ,G)//G each carry a natural topology,
and we describe the topology of their connected components in terms of
representations factoring through quotients of Γ by elements of its
lower central series.
Far-from-equilibrium kinetic processes
Authors: Rubí J. Miguel , Pérez-Madrid Agustin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We analyze the kinetics of activated processes
that take place under far-from-equilibrium conditions, when the system is
subjected to external driving forces or gradients or at high values of
affinities. We use mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics to show that
when a force is applied, the reaction rate depends on the force. In the case
of a chemical reaction at high affinity values, the reaction rate is no
longer constant but depends on affinity, which implies that the law of mass
action is no longer valid.
This result is in good agreement with the kinetic
theory of reacting gases, which uses a Chapman–Enskog expansion of the
probability distribution.
The Paradoxical Roles of Property Rights in Growth and Development
Authors: Upham Frank K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis essay challenges the ubiquitous and rarely questioned assertion that legal property rights are necessary for economic growth and argues that this view of development is incomplete, misleading, and dangerous. The faith in legal property rights emerged from neo-institutional economics, particularly from the work of Ronald Coase, Harold Demsetz, and Douglass North, who recognized that economic assets depended on informal social norms as well as formal legal ones. To date, however, development assistance policies have been narrowly focused on formal legal institutions and have resulted in limited success and often destabilized existing property regimes, leaving societies worse off than before. Through a comparative and historical analysis, this essay preliminarily addresses these theoretical and policy failures and aims to deepen and complicate our understanding of the role of formal legal property rights in changing societies. Examples from the 16
From Partnership to the Big Society: The Third Sector Policy Regime in the UK
Authors: Alcock Pete 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the changing balance of state and third sector relations in the UK over the last decade or so. It briefly sets this in the broader context of the changing nature of these relations over a longer historical perspective, and it develops the notion of interdependence as a framework for understanding how these relations have become established in the country. Recent political discourses and policy publications are drawn on to explain the shifts in policy regime under the Labour and Coalition governments in the UK in the early twenty-first century, emphasising the differences and similarities in these. The conclusion situates these regimes in a broader context of state and third sector analysis and the contested conceptualisation of civil society. Since 1999 third sector policy in the UK has been devolved to the separate administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; and this article focuses largely on developments in England only.
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Weyand Theodore G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProviding the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction of its input. Despite such promise, the extent to which an LGN neuron separates itself from its retinal brethren has proven difficult to appreciate. Here, I argue that whereas retinogeniculate coupling is strong, what occurs in the LGN is judicious pruning of a retinal drive by nonretinal inputs. These nonretinal inputs reshape a receptive field that under the right conditions departs significantly from its retinal drive, even if transiently. I first review design features of the LGN and follow with evidence for 10 putative functions. Only two of these tend to surface in textbooks: parsing retinal axons by eye and functional group and gating by state. Among the remaining putative functions, implementation of the principle of graceful degradation and temporal decorrelation are at least as interesting but much less promoted. The retina solves formidable problems imposed by physics to yield multiple efficient and sensitive representations of the world. The LGN applies context, increasing content, and gates several of these representations. Even if the basic concentric receptive field remains, information transmitted for each LGN spike relative to each retinal spike is measurably increased.
Using Discourse Network Analysis to Measure Discourse Coalitions: Towards a Formal Analysis of Political Discourse
Authors: Muller Allan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the “argumentative turn” in policy analysis, scholars have increasingly focused on discourse as an explanatory factor for the analysis of policy processes. This has resulted in a proliferation of rich and deep qualitative discourse-analytical studies on a vast range of policy controversies. However, these studies have two important shortcomings: firstly, they offer limited opportunities for comparative research, because they lack an objectified and standardized measuring instrument. Secondly, according to some critics, these studies do not meet scientific standards. In order to respond to these shortcomings, this article presents a method based on a combination of content analysis and social network analysis, which can be complementary to qualitative approaches. It is exemplified by a limited case study on two debates within the policy domain of transport mobility in Flanders. The article concludes with a discussion of a number of possible applications of the method within the broader discipline of political science.
A Study on Plasma Photonic Crystals: Electromagnetic Characteristics Using ICCG-based JEC-CN-FDTD Algorithm
Authors: Song Da-Jie , Yang Ze-kun , Liu Yu-Jie , Niu Qing-Xia , Yang Hong-Wei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We extended the current density convolution finite-difference time-domain (JEC-FDTD) method to plasma photonic crystals using the Crank–Nicolson difference scheme and derived the one-dimensional JEC-Crank–Nicolson (CN)-FDTD iterative equation of plasma photonic crystals. The method eliminated the Courant–Friedrich–Levy (CFL) stability constraint and became completely unconditional stable form. The incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient (ICCG) algorithm is proposed to solve the equation with a large sparse matrix in the CN-FDTD method as the ICCG method improves the speed of convergence, enhances stability, and reduces memory consumption. The JEC-CN-FDTD method is applied to study the characteristics of time domain and frequency domain in the plasma photonic crystal objects. The high accuracy and efficiency of the JEC-CN-FDTD method are confirmed by computing the characteristic parameters of plasma photonic crystals under different conditions such as the electric field distribution of electromagnetic wave, reflection coefficients, and transmission coefficients. Simulation study showed that the algorithm performed stably and could reduce memory consumption and facilitate computer programming.