bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communities' knowledge and perceptions of type two diabetes mellitus in Rwanda: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Mukeshimana Madeleine M , Nkosi Zethu Z 
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the level of knowledge and perceptions of T2DM among people in the Rwamagana district.BackgroundDiabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can assist in early detection of the disease and reduce the incidence of complications. Therefore, a descriptive study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and perceptions of T2DM among people in the Rwamagana district, Rwanda.DesignThe study used a cluster multistage sampling technique to obtain a representative sample. The clusters were provinces, districts, sectors, household clusters and sample units selection. The Kigabiro sector was studied, and a sample size of 355 respondents was calculated using Raosoft Sample Size Calculator (Raosoft, Inc 2004, http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html).MethodsA descriptive method, using questionnaires, was used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, contingency tables and chi‐square test. The target population comprised 4556 people (women and men aged between 15–65 years) living in a sampled sector of Kigabiro.ResultsThe level of knowledge of respondents was inadequate. Few respondents got a high score on questions intended to explore the knowledge of definition, signs, causes and risk factors of diabetes.ConclusionThe perceptions were also poor and inadequate. The recommendations focused on education campaigns by the Kigabiro sector authorities.Relevance to clinical practiceIf people are knowledgeable on managing long‐term conditions such as diabetes, there will be less expenditure on curative care. The healthcare services will have fewer burdens, and the focus will be on specific and relevant ailments.
Are You in a Healthy Relationship? Linking Conscientiousness to Health via Implementing and Immunizing Behaviors
Authors: Hill Patrick L. , Nickel Lauren B. , Roberts Brent W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe benefits of living a conscientious life have been demonstrated across multiple domains, and yet, few studies have sought to explain how the positive effects in one area may help explain those in another. The current article considers the possibility that conscientious individuals live healthier lives by virtue of having greater success in their relationships. Using both past research and new findings to support our model, we set forth a framework by which to consider how Conscientiousness affects relationship functioning, which in turn leads to better physical, emotional, and psychological health. In so doing, we also provide a new outlook on the health benefits associated with Conscientiousness, and how these may be conferred by relationship success.
Nanodesign of olein vesicles for the topical delivery of the antioxidant resveratrol
Authors: Pando Daniel , Caddeo Carla , Manconi Maria , Fadda Anna Maria , Pazos Carmen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The ex-vivo percutaneous absorption of the natural antioxidant resveratrol in liposomes and niosomes was investigated. The influence of vesicle composition on their physicochemical properties and stability was evaluated. Liposomes containing resveratrol were formulated using soy phosphatidylcholine (Phospholipon90G). Innovative niosomes were formulated using mono- or diglycerides: glycerol monooleate (Peceol) and polyglyceryl-3 dioleate (Plurol OleiqueCC), respectively, two suitable skin-compatible oleins used in pharmaceutical formulations as penetration enhancers.

Methods
Small, negatively charged vesicles with a mean size of approximately 200 nm were prepared. The accelerated stability of vesicles was evaluated using Turbiscan Lab Expert, and the bilayer deformability was also assessed. Ex-vivo transdermal experiments were carried out in Franz diffusion cells, on newborn pig skin, to study the influence of the different vesicle formulations on resveratrol skin delivery.

Key findings
Results indicated a high cutaneous accumulation and a low transdermal delivery of resveratrol, especially when Peceol niosomes were used.

Conclusions
Overall, niosomes formulated with Plurol oleique or Peceol showed a better behaviour than liposomes in the cutaneous delivery of resveratrol.
Impact of ribavirin priming on viral kinetics and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection
Authors: Mihm U. , Welker M.‐W. , Teuber G. , Wedemeyer H. , Berg T. , Sarrazin C. , Böhm S. , Alshuth U. , Herrmann E. , Zeuzem S. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryRibavirin amplifies the interferon‐alpha (IFN) signalling cascade. As ribavirin needs 4 weeks to reach steady state, ribavirin priming may optimize hepatic IFN sensitivity before starting a pegylated (PEG)‐IFN/ribavirin combination therapy. This study investigated potential benefits of ribavirin priming prior to PEG‐IFN2a/ribavirin combination therapy on viral kinetics, on‐treatment and sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. Sixty‐eight treatment naive patients were randomized 2:2:1 to ribavirin (ribavirin arm) or placebo (placebo arm) or PEG‐IFN2a (PEG‐IFN2a arm) for 6 weeks prior to 12 weeks of PEG‐IFN2a/ribavirin combination therapy within a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Then, standard PEG‐IFN2a/ribavirin combination therapy according to the German guidelines was continued under the responsibility of the investigators. Ribavirin was given according to body weight and PEG‐IFN2a at a dose of 180 μg subcutaneously once/week. During ribavirin priming, HCV RNA showed a decline of −0.58 log10 IU/mL (P < 0.001) that was unrelated to the IL28B rs12979860 genotype (CC vs CT/TT, P = 0.244). Ribavirin priming did neither increase the PEG‐IFN2a‐induced first‐ or second‐phase viral decline (P values >0.100) nor on‐treatment response or SVR (HCV RNA undetectable at week 12 of combination therapy: ribavirin arm 56%, placebo arm 38%, PEG‐IFN2a arm 50%; SVR: ribavirin arm 41%, placebo arm 54%, PEG‐IFN2a arm 50%; P values >0.300). In conclusion, ribavirin monotherapy showed a significant antiviral activity that was not influenced by the IL28B genotype. Ribavirin priming prior to PEG‐IFN2a/ribavirin combination therapy did neither increase the first‐ or second‐phase viral decline nor on‐treatment response or SVR.
Volume dependency for culture of fungi from respiratory secretions and increased sensitivity of Aspergillus quantitative PCR
Authors: Fraczek Marcin G. , Kirwan Marie B. , Moore Caroline B. , Morris Julie , Denning David W. , Richardson Malcolm D. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryDiagnosis of aspergillosis is often difficult. We compared fungal yields from respiratory specimens using the Health Protection Agency standard culture method (BSOP57), a higher volume undiluted culture method Mycology Reference Centre Manchester (MRCM) and Aspergillus quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sputum, bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (total 23) were collected from aspergillosis patients. One fraction of all samples was cultured using the MRCM method, one BSOP57 and one was used for qPCR. The recovery rate for fungi was significantly higher by MRCM (87%) than by BSOP57 (8.7%) from all 23 specimens. Sputum samples were 44% positive by MRCM compared to no fungi isolated (0%) by BSOP57. Bronchial aspirates were 75% positive by MRCM and 0% by BSOP57. BAL samples were positive in 20% by MRCM and 10% by BSOP57. qPCR was always more sensitive than culture (95.6%) from all samples. In general, over 100 mould colonies (81 Aspergillus fumigatus) were grown using the MRCM method compared with only one colony from BSOP57. This study provides a reference point for standardisation of respiratory sample processing in diagnostic laboratories. Culture from higher volume undiluted respiratory specimens has a much higher yield for Aspergillus than BSOP57. qPCR is much more sensitive than culture and the current UK method requires revision.
Alternative methodology for intraocular lens characterisation
Authors: Amaral Felipe T , de Lima Monteiro Davies W 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeTo present an alternative methodology to characterise intraocular lenses (IOLs) using an optical setup with a Hartmann‐Shack wavefront sensor.MethodsThe methodology was inspired by the ANSI Z80.30 Standard, which addresses IOL optical properties and test methods, and aims to simplify the procedure to allow complete IOL characterisation with a reduced number of measurement steps.ResultsSeven spherical and three toric IOLs were characterised with the alternative methodology and by commercial equipment. Three spherical IOLs measured with the alternative methodology obtained dioptric spherical errors larger than the tolerance established by the ANSI Z80.30 Standard when compared to the IOLs theoretical designs, probably due to manufacturing deviations. All cylindrical dioptric power measurements were within the Standard tolerance. The longitudinal spherical aberration of the IOLs were measured and 2‐dimensional Modulation Transfer Functions (MTF) were calculated in order to complementarily assess manufacturing and design quality.ConclusionsThe alternative methodology allows complete IOL characterisation with a reduced number of steps compared to those required by the Standard ANSI Z80.30, achieving satisfactory results in measurements of IOL dioptric power, spherical aberration, cylindrical power and MTF. Although MTF measurements were not performed with a model eye, they may contain additional relevant information regarding the design of ophthalmic lenses.
New EU legislation for risk assessment of GM food: no scientific justification for mandatory animal feeding trials
Authors: Kuiper Harry A. , Kok Esther J. , Davies Howard V. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis commentary focuses on the potential added value of and need for (sub)‐chronic testing of whole genetically modified (GM) foods in rodents to assess their safety. Such routine testing should not be required since, due to apparent weaknesses in the approach, it does not add to current risk assessment of GM foods. Moreover, the demand for routine testing using animals is in conflict with the European Union (EU) Commission's efforts to reduce animal experimentation. Regulating agencies in the EU are invited to respect the sound scientific principles applied to the risk assessment of foods derived from GM plants and not to interfere in the risk assessment by introducing extra requirements based on pseudo‐scientific or political considerations.
Indirect Georeferencing of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data using Control Lines
Authors: dos Santos Daniel R. , Dal Poz Aluir P. , Khoshelham Kourosh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn indirect method for the georeferencing of 3D point clouds obtained with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data using control lines is presented. This technique could be used for rapid data acquisition where resources do not permit the use of expensive navigation sensors or the placement of pre‐signalised targets. The most important characteristic is the development of a mathematical model based on the principle that the direction vector of the TLS straight line is coplanar with the plane defined by the origin of the TLS system, one endpoint of a control line and the direction vector of the control line in the ground reference coordinate system. The transformation parameters are estimated by minimising the distance between the control lines and their corresponding TLS straight lines. The proposed method was tested using both simulated and real data, and the advantages of this new approach are compared with conventional surveying methods.
Rare Earth and Rare Metal Elements Mobility and Mineralization During Magmatic and Fluid Evolution in Alkaline Granite System: Evidence from Fluid and Melt Inclusions in Baerzhe Granite, China
Authors: Sun Yi , Lai Yong , Chen Jing , Shu Qihai , Yan Cong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBaerzhe Be–Nb–Zr–REE deposit is hosted in alkaline granite (125 Ma) which intrudes in the late Jurassic Baiyingaolao Formation in the middle of the Great Hinggan Metallogenic Belt in China. The ore‐forming granite consists of three lithological facies: arfvedsonite‐bearing alkaline granite at the bottom, aegirine‐bearing albite aplite in the middle and pegmatite crust on the top. The albite aplite is the main orebody. We recognized three magmatic‐hydrothermal stages: orthomagmatic stage, late‐magmatic stage and hydrothermal stage, with the late‐magmatic stage being divided into two substages, the pegmatite substage and the aplite substage. Petrographic study on the granite, the microthermometric study on fluid inclusions and in situ laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis for quartz‐hosted melt inclusions reveal the process of magmatic‐hydrothermal evolution. The finding indicates that primary magma evolved to more peralkaline by fractional crystallization, with synchronously increasing high field strength elements. An extremely high content of Zr and Nb are in the melt inclusions from last stage albite aplite (Zr, min 52 548 ppm, and Nb, min 4104 ppm). This implies that the residual magma directly formed the orebody of rare metal elements. Meanwhile, volatility was increasing during the magma evolution process and F‐bearing aqueous fluid was oversaturated at temperatures higher than 800°C. The separation of fluid from magma caused Li‐REE enrichment in F‐bearing fluid and depletion in residual melt, and led to the difference of the Y/Ho ratio between whole rock compositions and melt inclusion data. Fluid separated into a high‐salinity liquid and a low density vapor phase above 697°C, and enriched REE in the high‐salinity liquid. The oxygen isotope data shows mixing between primary magmatic‐hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water. The ubiquitous pseudo‐secondary fluid inclusions have a wide range of salinity below 462°C, which is similar to the melting temperatures of REE‐bearing daughter minerals. A model involving the mixing by meteoric water could be a mechanism for precipitation of REE minerals.
Multi‐scale spatial heterogeneity of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG–I) structural features in tobacco seed endosperm cell walls
Authors: Lee Kieran J.D. , Cornuault Valérie , Manfield Iain W. , Ralet Marie‐Christine , Paul Knox J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPlant cell walls are complex configurations of polysaccharides that fulfil a diversity of roles during plant growth and development. They also provide sets of biomaterials that are widely exploited in food, fibre and fuel applications. The pectic polysaccharides, which comprise approximately a third of primary cell walls, form complex supramolecular structures with distinct glycan domains. Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG–I) is a highly structurally heterogeneous branched glycan domain within the pectic supramolecule that contains rhamnogalacturonan, arabinan and galactan as structural elements. Heterogeneous RG–I polymers are implicated in generating the mechanical properties of cell walls during cell development and plant growth, but are poorly understood in architectural, biochemical and functional terms. Using specific monoclonal antibodies to the three major RG–I structural elements (arabinan, galactan and the rhamnogalacturonan backbone) for in situ analyses and chromatographic detection analyses, the relative occurrences of RG–I structures were studied within a single tissue: the tobacco seed endosperm. The analyses indicate that the features of the RG–I polymer display spatial heterogeneity at the level of the tissue and the level of single cell walls, and also heterogeneity at the biochemical level. This work has implications for understanding RG–I glycan complexity in the context of cell‐wall architectures and in relation to cell‐wall functions in cell and tissue development.
Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi‐centric lymphoma
Authors: Mutz M. , Boudreaux B. , Kearney M. , Stroda K. , Gaunt S. , Shiomitsu K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCanine multi‐centric B‐cell lymphoma shares similarities with diffuse large B‐cell (Non‐Hodgkin's) lymphoma (NHL) in people. In people withNHL, lymphopenia at diagnosis and first relapse and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) > 3.5 are negative prognostic factors for survival. The objective of this study was to determine if lymphocyte concentration at diagnosis and first relapse and N:L were prognostic for survival in dogs with newly diagnosed multi‐centric lymphoma. Medical records of 77 dogs with multi‐centric lymphoma treated with aCHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol were retrospectively evaluated. Absolute lymphocyte concentration and N:L ratio at presentation of dogs pre‐treated with steroids was not significantly different from dogs who had not received steroids. On multivariate analysis, only immunophenotype remained significant for progression‐free survival (PFS), whereas no variables remained significant forST. A prospective study of these haematologic variables is warranted to assess their true significance.
In vitro comparison of the effectiveness of polihexanide and chlorhexidine against canine isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis
Authors: Banovic Frane , Bozic Frane , Lemo Niksa 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPolihexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide) is an antiseptic substance that plays a prominent role in the treatment of critically colonized or infected acute and chronic wounds in humans.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of polihexanide against canine isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis and compare it with 4.5% chlorhexidine digluconate for two different contact times.MethodsTen isolates of each organism were incubated at 37°C for 3 and 5 min, respectively, with each antiseptic diluted 1:2 to 1:4096 in phosphate‐buffered saline.ResultsBoth products showed excellent antimicrobial activity against all isolates tested. No significant differences in antimicrobial efficacy between antiseptics for all isolates were found. With the exception of one isolate of M. pachydermatis at 3 min exposure time, all isolates were completely killed by a dilution of 1:32 of polihexanide as well as chlorhexidine at both exposure times. Although the mean values of break‐point concentrations for both antiseptics increased with the longer exposure time of 5 min, there were no significant differences between the two exposure times. The P. aeruginosa isolates were more susceptible than S. pseudintermedius for both antiseptics, and break‐point dilutions were significantly higher compared with break‐point dilutions obtained by all other treatments.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results indicate that polihexanide has comparable in vitro antimicrobial efficacy to chlorhexidine and presents a potential alternative agent for skin and wound antisepsis in veterinary medicine.
Transepidermal water loss in cats: comparison of three differently clipped sites to assess the influence of hair coat on transepidermal water loss values
Authors: Momota Yutaka , Shimada Kenichiroh , Takami Akina , Akaogi Harumi , Takasaki Mariko , Mimura Kana , Azakami Daigo , Ishioka Katsumi , Nakamura Yuka , Sako Toshinori 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is one of the parameters that can be used to assess skin barrier function. The variability and reliability of TEWL measurements in dogs have been controversial, and the hair coat has been considered as one of the factors that may cause variation of TEWL values.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to establish a suitable procedure for measuring feline TEWL, to evaluate the influence of hair coat on TEWL measurements and to assess variations of TEWL at different anatomical sites.MethodsTransepidermal water loss was measured using a closed‐chamber evaporimeter, the VapoMeter®. We compared three adjacent sites in the groin area of 10 clinically normal, domestic short hair cats. One site was unclipped, the second was trimmed with scissors and the third was shaved using electric clippers. Values of TEWL were obtained for 48 h after trimming with scissors and clippers. Five sites were clipped (upper back, lumbar back, lateral thigh, axillae and groin), and the TEWL was measured.ResultsThe mean and SD of TEWL values of the clipper‐trimmed site were the smallest, followed in order by the site trimmed with scissors and the unclipped site. The TEWL values were statistically constant in the clipper‐trimmed site, while the values in the unclipped sites were not. There was no statistically significant difference in TEWL values between all of the anatomical sites except for the axillae.Conclusions and clinical importanceHair clipping of sites with electric clippers is recommended for TEWL measurement in cats.
Genome Sequence of Mink Enteritis Virus Strain SD 12/01, Isolated from a Mink with Severe Diarrhea in China
Authors: Wang Jianke , Zhao Hang , Cheng Yuening , Yi Li , Cheng Shipeng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The mink enteritis virus (MEV) SD12/01 strain was isolated from a mink showing clinical and pathological signs of enteritis in Shandong, China, in 2012. The genome of MEV SD12/01 was sequenced and analyzed, which will promote a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of MEV field isolates in northern China.
Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Sequence Type 233 (ST233) Strain K7, of Human Origin
Authors: Youn Jung-Ho , Moodley Arshnee , Park Yong Ho , Sugimoto Chihiro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
strain K7, isolated from the nares of a veterinarian in Seoul, South Korea.
Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila Strain F1
Authors: Lanois Anne , Ogier Jean-Claude , Gouzy Jérome , Laroui Christine , Rouy Zoé , Givaudan Alain , Gaudriault Sophie 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 4.3-Mb genome sequence of
Xenorhabdus nematophila
strain F1, a Gram-negative bacterium that is a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode
Steinernema carpocapsae
and pathogenic by direct injection for a wide variety of insects.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methylobacterium mesophilicum Strain SR1.6/6, Isolated from
Citrus sinensis
Authors: Marinho Almeida Diogo , Dini-Andreote Francisco , Camargo Neves Aline Aparecida , Jucá Ramos Rommel Thiago , Andreote Fernando Dini , Carneiro Adriana Ribeiro , Oliveira de Souza Lima André , Caracciolo Gomes de Sá Pablo Henrique , Ribeiro Barbosa Maria Silvanira , Araújo Welington Luiz , Silva Artur 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Methylobacterium mesophilicum
strain SR1.6/6 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from a surface-sterilized
Citrus sinensis
branch. Ecological and biotechnological aspects of this bacterium, such as the genes involved in its association with the host plant and the primary oxidation of methanol, were annotated in the draft genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Strain Lz4W
Authors: Pandiyan Apuratha , Ray Malay K. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The psychrophilic bacterium
Pseudomonas syringae
strain Lz4W was isolated from soil samples from Antarctica to decipher the mechanisms of low-temperature adaptation. We report here the 4.982-Mb draft genome sequence of
P. syringae
Lz4W. This sequence will provide insights into the genomic basis of the psychrophilicity of this bacterium.