bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remediation of Iron, Manganese, and Organic Pollutants in Lignite‐Derived Water Using an Upflow Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Zhang Chunhui , Wang Qian , Li He , Lu Jia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA large amount of lignite‐derived water is created during the process of refining lignite. The concentration of Fe, Mn, phenol, and some other organic pollutants of the lignite‐derived water is above the discharge permit or circulating cooling water reuse standard in China. A laboratory‐scale upflow biological aerated filter (UBAF) was developed to treat this lignite‐derived water. Three kinds of coke powders, as waste products in the coal chemical industry with 0.1–0.4 mm, 0.5–1.0 mm, and 1.0–2.0 mm in diameter, were tested as the UBAF's carrier materials. A comparative study of gas–water ratio for the UBAF is presented. The studies presented in this paper demonstrate that with coke powder diameter of 0.5–1.0 mm and gas/water ratio of 7:1, the UBAF reactor can achieve optimal removal efficiency. After the UBAF treatment, the removal efficiency of Fe, Mn, and phenol was found to be 38.4–62.5%, 56.6–74.3%, and 89.5–94.3%, respectively. The lignite‐derived water can meet the discharge permit to surface water and reuse standard for circulating cooling water after the treatment by UBAF. The coke powder, as a waste material, can be used as a support material for UBAF very well.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital template for urologic cytology samples
Authors: Rosenthal Dorothy L. , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Burroughs Frances H. , Sathiyamoorthy Srividya , Guan Hui , Owens Christopher 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The most important indicator for urologic surgeons at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to have a patient undergo cystoscopy is a cytologic diagnosis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma. The template was designed to standardize diagnostic categories so clinicians can manage their patients uniformly. The template was based in part on the Bethesda System for cervical cytology.METHODS:According to the template, reactive/inflammatory changes were included in the negative group (no urothelial atypia or malignancy identified). The category atypical urothelial cells of undetermined significance (AUC‐US) was akin to atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US), as was the category of atypical urothelial cells, favor high‐grade carcinoma (AUC‐H). The categories high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and low‐grade urothelial carcinoma also were added.RESULTS:The Pathology Data System at the Johns Hopkins Hospital was searched for cases that met the following criteria over a period from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2009: all cytologic specimens from the urinary tract and all surgical specimens with a diagnosis of HGUC, regardless of invasion status. All cytologic specimens were then matched with biopsies during the same period, and all surgical specimens from patients who had a cytologic diagnosis of AUC‐US or AUC‐H were retrieved for 18 months after the end of the 2‐year study period. Greater than 50% of patients who had biopsy‐confirmed HGUC had a preceding cytologic diagnosis of AUC‐H or HGUC. When patients with AUC‐US were added to the analysis, 80% of patients with HGUC had at least 1 abnormal urinary cytology result. Of those patients who had a diagnosis of AUC‐H, 38% had urothelial cancer discovered at biopsy compared with only 10% of those with an AUC‐US diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:The authors concluded that their template is effective in targeting those patients who need to undergo cystoscopy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:15–20 © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Moving forward in global‐change ecology: capitalizing on natural variability
Authors: Ibáñez Inés , Gornish Elise S. , Buckley Lauren , Debinski Diane M. , Hellmann Jessica , Helmuth Brian , HilleRisLambers Janneke , Latimer Andrew M. , Miller‐Rushing Abraham J. , Uriarte Maria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNatural resources managers are being asked to follow practices that accommodate for the impact of climate change on the ecosystems they manage, while global‐ecosystems modelers aim to forecast future responses under different climate scenarios. However, the lack of scientific knowledge about short‐term ecosystem responses to climate change has made it difficult to define set conservation practices or to realistically inform ecosystem models. Until recently, the main goal for ecologists was to study the composition and structure of communities and their implications for ecosystem function, but due to the probable magnitude and irreversibility of climate‐change effects (species extinctions and loss of ecosystem function), a shorter term focus on responses of ecosystems to climate change is needed. We highlight several underutilized approaches for studying the ecological consequences of climate change that capitalize on the natural variability of the climate system at different temporal and spatial scales. For example, studying organismal responses to extreme climatic events can inform about the resilience of populations to global warming and contribute to the assessment of local extinctions. Translocation experiments and gene expression are particular useful to quantitate a species' acclimation potential to global warming. And studies along environmental gradients can guide habitat restoration and protection programs by identifying vulnerable species and sites. These approaches identify the processes and mechanisms underlying species acclimation to changing conditions, combine different analytical approaches, and can be used to improve forecasts of the short‐term impacts of climate change and thus inform conservation practices and ecosystem models in a meaningful way.
Species‐specific water use by woody plants on the Edwards Plateau, Texas
Authors: Elkington R. J. , Rebel K. T. , Heilman J. L. , Litvak M. E. , Dekker S. C. , Moore G. W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWoody encroachment is of great socio‐economic and ecological importance in semiarid savannas because it is presumed to alter the water balance in such ecosystems. We compared two encroachers, Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) and honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), with the less invasive live oak (Quercus fusiformis) to ascertain whether soil depth or species‐specific water use strategy is most important in determining transpirational losses on shallow soils underlain by fractured limestone bedrock on the Edwards Plateau. Sap fluxes, leaf water potentials, soil moisture and meteorological information were monitored during spring 2009 at three sites with differing soil depths and were used in a non‐spatial soil–vegetation–atmosphere water transfer model to predict different rooting depths. Sap flux responses and soil water stress were compared using multivariate statistical analysis. At two relatively deep‐soil savanna sites, we found that dominant tree species had similar water use behaviour. However, at the shallow‐soil forest containing Ashe juniper and live oak, juniper transpiration was much higher early in the season than oak transpiration, indicating that juniper benefited more from early spring rainfall than oaks. The model predicts that maximum rooting depths for the woody vegetation were mostly constrained by site soil depths. This study provides new evidence that these species perform similarly on shallow soils and that their water use is restricted by soil depth. The only species‐specific strategy found important in determining transpirational losses was juniper's ability to withstand low soil water potentials in very shallow soils. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monomeric, Dimeric Helical, and 1D Nickel Polyoxotungstates Structured by Carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Rousseau Guillaume , Rivière Eric , Dolbecq Anne , Marrot Jérôme , Oms Olivier , Mialane Pierre 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree new nickel‐substituted Keggin‐type polyoxometalates functionalized by carboxylate derivatives were characterized. In the monomeric tetranuclear complex Na1.5K2.5[Ni(H2O)6]0.5[(SiW9O34)(OH)3Ni4(C6H13NO2)3]·17H2O (1), three dimethylaminobutyrate amino acids are connected to a {SiW9Ni4} subunit through the carboxylato groups, and the pendant amino functions are protonated. In the dimeric, octanuclear species Na2K12[Ni(H2O)6][(SiW9O34)2(OH)6Ni8(C6H8O4)3]·40H2O (2), three saturated adipato (C6, dicarboxylate) ligands connect two {SiW9Ni4} fragments. This unique molecular‐helical polyoxometalate is obtained as a racemic mixture of the M and P enantiomers. When the aromatic dicarboxylate p‐phenylenediacetate is used as a bridging ligand, the compound Na6K8[(SiW9O34)2(OH)6Ni8(C10H8O4)3]·45H2O (3) is obtained. In this species, two equivalent p‐phenylenediacetato linkers connect two {SiW9Ni4} subunits to form a {Si2W18Ni8} assembly, and a third dicarboxylato ligand connects these fragments, which affords a 1D polyoxometalate with a zigzag‐chain topology. Solution 1H NMR studies and IR experiments show that redissolving all these species in water affords carboxylato‐free compounds after few hours. The magnetic properties of complexes 1 and 2 were also studied. For these two compounds, a quantification of the magnetic exchange interactions revealed the presence of competitive antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions.
Characterization of Electrode/Electrolyte Interface of ECIS Devices
Authors: Pradhan Rangadhar , Mitra Analava , Das Soumen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractElectric cell‐substrate impedance sensing requires low electrode/electrolyte interface impedance for effective biomedical and biophysical applications. Thus a complete understanding of physical processes involved in the formation of an electric double layer is required to design a low interface impedance device. This paper presents the numerical simulation of the impedance for the electrode/electrolyte interface of three‐electrode devices along with the practical realization for the effective workout of impedance sensing devices. The three‐electrode based impedance sensing devices along with phosphate buffered saline as electrolyte is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics to evaluate the impedance of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Microfabrication technology is used to realize three‐electrode impedance sensing devices with diverse configuration which are used to measure the electrode/electrolyte interface impedance. The measured impedance data were then compared with the COMSOL simulated results and it is found that both the data sets fitted well with less than 5 % RSE. The results obtained from simulation and experiments indicate that the impedance due to double layer diffusion dominates in the low frequency region up to few kHz whereas electrolytic bulk resistance plays a major role in the higher frequency range. The experimental impedance data were further interpreted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis software to model the equivalent circuit of the electrochemical system.
Interstitial telomeric sequences are not preferentially involved in the chromosome damage induced by the methylating compound streptozotocin in chinese hamster cells
Authors: Quiroga Ivana Y. , Paviolo Natalia S. , Bolzán Alejandro D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effect of the methylating compound streptozotocin (STZ) on interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) was investigated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by using peptide nucleic acid‐fluorescence in situ hybridization with a pantelomeric probe. Cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of STZ, and chromosomal aberrations were analyzed at the first mitosis after treatment. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations directly involving ITSs increased in STZ‐treated cells by a factor of 2.6 (2 mM) and 3.6 (4 mM) when compared with the frequency of these aberrations in control cells (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between control and exposed cells in the percentage of aberrations directly involving ITSs, demonstrating that these repeat regions were not preferentially involved in the chromosome damage induced by STZ. In addition, STZ did not alter telomerase activity, suggesting that this enzyme may not be involved in the induction of chromosomal aberrations by this compound. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment and characterization of MRT cell lines from genetically engineered mouse models and the influence of genetic background on their development
Authors: Kuwahara Yasumichi , Mora‐Blanco E. Lorena , Banine Fatima , Rogers Arlin B. , Fletcher Christopher , Sherman Larry S. , Roberts Charles W. M. , Weissman Bernard E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMalignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare, aggressive cancers occuring in young children primarily through inactivation of the SNF5(INI1, SMARCB1) tumor suppressor gene. We and others have demonstrated that mice heterozygous for a Snf5 null allele develop MRTs with partial penetrance. We have also shown that Snf5+/− mice that lack expression of the pRb family, due to TgT121 transgene expression, develop MRTs with increased penetrance and decreased latency. Here, we report that altering the genetic background has substantial effects upon MRT development in Snf5+/−‐ and TgT121;Snf5+/− mice, with a mixed F1 background resulting in increased latency and the appearance of brain tumors. We also report the establishment of the first mouse MRT cell lines that recapitulate many features of their human counterparts. Our studies provide further insight into the genetic influences on MRT development as well as provide valuable new cell culture and genetically engineered mouse models for the study of CNS‐MRT etiology.
Fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy probes gastric carcinogenesis in vivo at endoscopy
Authors: Bergholt Mads Sylvest , Zheng Wei , Ho Khek Yu , Teh Ming , Yeoh Khay Guan , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Shabbir Asim , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntestinal‐type gastric carcinogenesis is a complex multi‐step disease, and early precursors (e.g. intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia) can be very challenging to identify using conventional white‐light endoscopic imaging. This study aims to assess the capability of Raman spectroscopy for multi‐class elucidation of intestinal‐type gastric carcinogenesis sequence in vivo for improving precancer detection at endoscopy. We employ a novel image‐guided Raman endoscopy technique developed for in vivo gastric tissue Raman measurement within 0.5 s during clinical endoscopic examination. We have acquired a total of 1277 in vivo Raman spectra from 83 gastric patients associated with intestinal‐type carcinogenesis. In vivo Raman spectroscopy integrated with semi‐quantitative spectral modelling (e.g. DNA, lipids, glycoprotein, proteins and blood) reveals the progressive changes of biochemical constituents in gastric tissue associated with preneoplastic and neoplastic transformation (i.e., IM, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma). Multi‐class probabilistic partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) diagnostic algorithms based on in vivo Raman spectra are able to identify normal mucosa with sensitivity of 75.88% and specificity of 87.21%; IM with sensitivity of 46.67% and specificity of 87.55%; dysplasia with sensitivity of 83.33%; specificity of 95.80%, and adenocarcinoma with sensitivity of 84.91% and specificity 95.57%, respectively. This work demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive biomolecular probe for monitoring intestinal‐type gastric carcinogenesis to realize early diagnosis and detection of precancer and early gastric cancer in vivo during clinical endoscopic examination. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Increased mandibular condylar growth in mice with estrogen receptor beta deficiency
Authors: Kamiya Yosuke , Chen Jing , Xu Manshan , Utreja Achint , Choi Thomas , Drissi Hicham , Wadhwa Sunil 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders predominantly afflict women of childbearing age, suggesting a role for female hormones in the disease process. In long bones, estrogen acting via estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) inhibits axial skeletal growth in female mice. However, the role of ERβ in the mandibular condyle is largely unknown. We hypothesize that female ERβ-deficient mice will have increased mandibular condylar growth compared to wild-type (WT) female mice. This study examined female 7-day-old, 49-day-old, and 120-day-old WT and ERβ knockout (KO) mice. There was a significant increase in mandibular condylar cartilage thickness as a result of an increased number of cells, in the 49-day-old and 120-day-old female ERβ KO compared with WT controls. Analysis in 49-day-old female ERβ KO mice revealed a significant increase in collagen type X, parathyroid hormone–related protein (Pthrp), and osteoprotegerin gene expression and a significant decrease in receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand (Rankl) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) gene expression, compared with WT controls. Subchondral bone analysis revealed a significant increase in total condylar volume and a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in the 49-day-old ERβ KO compared with WT female mice. There was no difference in cell proliferation in condylar cartilage between the genotypes. However, there were differences in the expression of proteins that regulate the cell cycle; we found a decrease in the expression of Tieg1 and p57 in the mandibular condylar cartilage from ERβ KO mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results suggest that ERβ deficiency increases condylar growth in female mice by inhibiting the turnover of fibrocartilage. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sodium hydrogen sulfide inhibits nicotine and lipopolysaccharide‐induced osteoclastic differentiation and reversed osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Lee Sun‐Kyung , Chung Jong‐Hyuk , Choi Sung‐Chul , Auh Q‐Schick , Lee Young‐Man , Lee Sang‐Im , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stimulated or inhibited osteoclastic differentiation, little is known about the effects of H2S on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. To determine the possible bioactivities of H2S on bone metabolism, we investigated the in vitro effects of H2S on cytotoxicity, osteoblastic, and osteoclastic differentiation as well as the underlying mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nicotine‐stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). The H2S donor, NaHS, protected hPDLCs from nicotine and LPS‐induced cytotoxicity and recovered nicotine‐ and LPS‐downregulated osteoblastic differentiation, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA expression of osteoblasts, including ALP, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN), and mineralized nodule formation. Concomitantly, NaHS inhibited the differentiation of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts in mouse bone marrow cells and blocked nicotine‐ and LPS‐induced osteoclastogenesis regulatory molecules, such as RANKL, OPG, M‐CSF, MMP‐9, TRAP, and cathepsin K mRNA. NaHS blocked nicotine and LPS‐induced activation of p38, ERK, MKP‐1, PI3K, PKC, and PKC isoenzymes, and NF‐κB. The effects of H2S on nicotine‐ and LPS‐induced osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation were remarkably reversed by MKP‐1 enzyme inhibitor (vanadate) and expression inhibitor (triptolide). Taken together, we report for the first time that H2S inhibited cytotoxicity and osteoclastic differentiation and recovered osteoblastic differentiation in a nicotine‐ and periodontopathogen‐stimulated hPDLCs model, which has potential therapeutic value for treatment of periodontal and inflammatory bone diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1183–1193, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical value of carotid wave intensity analysis for differentiating nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to systemic hypertension
Authors: Li Yue , Guo Liang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose.Wave intensity (WI) is a set of new hemodynamic indexes (W1, W2, and NA) based on the calculation of (dp/dt) × (dv/dt) on any artery. We assessed the value of carotid WI analysis for differentiating nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (NOHCM) from left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to hypertension (LVHSH).Methods.Nineteen NOHCM, 34 LVHSH, and 37 normal controls (NC) underwent conventional echocardiographic examination and carotid WI analysis performed with an Aloka α10 sonographic system (Alok, Tokyo, Japan) with real‐time wave intensity calculation software.Results.W1 was higher in NOHCM (11,830 ± 7,850 mmHg·m·s−3) and in LVHSH (13,670 ± 13,490 mmHg·m·s−3) than in NC (7,010 ± 3,620 mmHg·m·s−3). W2 was lower in NOHCM (850 ± 870 mmHg·m·s−3) than in LVHSH (2,310 ± 1,390 mmHg·m·s−3, p < 0.01) and in NC (1,650 ± 960 mmHg·m·s−3, p < 0.01). Using W2 ≤ 1,100 mmHg·m·s−3 as a threshold for differentiating NOHCM from LVHSH yielded an 84.2% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity. NA was higher in LVHSH (57.55 ± 57.82 mmHg·m·s−2) than in NOHCM (34.24 ± 13.03 mmHg·m·s−2, p < 0.05) and in NC (31.67 ± 23.05 mmHg·m·s−2, p < 0.05). Using NA ≤40 mmHg·m·s−2 as a threshold for differentiating NOHCM from LVHSH yielded a 63.2% sensitivity and 70.6% specificity.Conclusions.W2 and NA indexes derived from carotid WI analysis may be helpful for differentiating NOHCM from LVHSH. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
The reproductive cycle of the male sleep snake Sibynomorphus mikanii (Schlegel, 1837) from southeastern brazil
Authors: Rojas Claudio A. , Barros Verônica A. , Almeida‐Santos Selma M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study describes the male reproductive cycle of Sibynomorphus mikanii from southeastern Brazil considering macroscopic and microscopic variables. Spermatogenesis occurs during spring–summer (September–December) and spermiogenesis or maturation occurs in summer (December–February). The length and width of the kidney, the tubular diameter, and the epithelium height of the sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) are larger in summer–autumn (December–May). Histochemical reaction of the SSK [periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and bromophenol blue (BB)] shows stronger results during summer–autumn, indicating an increase in the secretory activity of the granules. Testicular regression is observed in autumn and early winter (March–June) when a peak in the width of the ductus deferens occurs. The distal ductus deferens as well as the ampulla ductus deferentis exhibit secretory activities with positive reaction for PAS and BB. These results suggest that this secretion may nourish the spermatozoa while they are being stored in the ductus deferens. The increase in the Leydig cell nuclear diameter in association with SSK hypertrophy and the presence of sperm in the female indicate that the mating season occurs in autumn when testes begin to decrease their activity. The peak activity of Leydig cells and SSK exhibits an associated pattern with the mating season. However, spermatogenesis is dissociated of the copulation characterizing a complex reproductive cycle. At the individual level, S. mikanii males present a continuous cyclical reproductive pattern in the testes and kidneys (SSK), whereas at the populational level the reproductive pattern may be classified as seasonal semisynchronous. © J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.