bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Tetragonal β‐Fe1.00Se
Authors: Koz Cevriye , Schmidt Marcus , Borrmann Horst , Burkhardt Ulrich , Röβler Sahana , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Schnelle Walter , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of tetragonal β‐Fe1.00Se were grown from polycrystalline material by chemical vapor transport reaction at temperatures below 723 K using AlCl3 as transport additive. The plate‐shaped single crystals have edge lengths up to 4 mm. The single crystals display complete diamagnetic shielding 4πχ ≈ –1 below the superconducting transition.
Crystallization of Hybrid Molybdates based on Organic Bases
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Vineet , Upreti Shailesh , Ramanan Arunachalam 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe crystallization of hybrid molybdates invariably involves reaction of appropriate molybdenum source and organic bases in a suitable solvent. The outcome of the crystallization process depends on the nature of the condition favoring a particular supramolecular assembly. In this work, it was aimed to utilize hydrogen bonding to engineer multidimensional structures by appropriate choice of dinitrogen containing organic bases. Five new hybrid molybdates and their structural characterization are reported herein: [(H2bpee){MoO2Cl3(H2O)}Cl] (1), triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$ a = 7.555(2) Å, b = 9.416(3) Å, c = 12.952(4) Å, α = 72.024(5)°, β = 85.837(6)°, γ = 73.879(5)°, Z = 2; [(H2temed){Mo2O4(EDTA)}] (2), monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 8.6796(12) Å, b = 15.705(2) Å, c = 18.599(3) Å, β = 89.993(2)°, Z = 4; [(H2dab){Mo2O6(H2EDTA)}] (3), triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$, a = 7.3082(16) Å, b = 9.169(2) Å, c = 11.472(3) Å, α = 91.008(4)°, β = 91.940(4)°, γ = 107.099(3)°, Z = 1; [(H2temed)2Mo7O24]·9H2O (4), monoclinic, space group P21, a = 11.0957(16) Å, b = 16.499(2) Å, c = 11.1463(16) Å, β = 91.513(2)°, Z = 2; and [(H2bp)3(P2Mo18O62)]·6H2O (6), monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 23.4967 (11) Å, b = 15.0024(7) Å, c = 24.7144(11) Å, β = 104.214(10)°, Z = 4.
Biodegradable Block Copolymer Scaffolds for Loading and Delivering Cisplatin Anticancer Drug
Authors: Surnar Bapurao , Subash Pramod P. , Jayakannan Manickam 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA carboxylic acid substituted amphiphilic diblock copolymer scaffold with a hydrophilic PEG‐chain and hydrophobic biodegradable poly(caprolactone) (PCL), which forms a cisplatin anticancer drug is reported herein. Cisplatin [cis‐dichloro‐diammine platinum(II), CDDP] was anchored on the polymer backbone through Pt–OOC–PCL chemical linkage that enabled self‐assembly of the prodrug to produce 110 ± 10 nm nanoparticles in water. These drug loaded nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The polymer‐drug conjugate burst instantaneously in saline and PBS to release 35 % of the cisplatin drug for immediate administration. The remaining drug that retained in the polymer scaffold underwent slow and controlled release to deliver the drug over a period of 6–7 d. In the presence of esterase enzyme; the biodegradable PCL aliphatic ester backbone broke completely to release 100 % loaded drugs within a few hours. This biodegradable diblock copolymer design strategy opens up new platform for cisplatin‐polymer drug delivery approach.
The Structure of Bis(dimethyldithioarsinato)gallium(III) Sulfide [(Me2AsS2)2Ga]2S·0.75H2O: A Hydrolysis Product of (Me2AsS2)3Ga that Contains a Bridging Sulfide and both Pendant and Bridging Dimethyldithioarsinato Ligands
Authors: Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Nastopoulos Vassilios , Ioannou Panayiotis V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe complex (Me2AsS2)3Ga (1) attracted water molecules that slowly and completely hydrolyzed it. The product was the dinuclear gallium compound (Me2AsS2)2Ga–S–Ga(S2AsMe2)2 (2) as 2·0.75H2O, which was structurally characterized with X‐ray crystallography (P212121, R1 = 0.0321, wR2 = 0.0622). Compound 2 shows an approximate non‐crystallographic twofold axis. The packing in the crystalline state is dictated by the mediation of crystallization water molecules, which connect the complex units through strong O–H···S and weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds into infinite zigzag chains.
Is Perineural Invasion More Accurate Than Other Factors to Predict Early Recurrence after Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Fouquet Thibaut , Germain Adeline , Brunaud Laurent , Bresler Laurent , Ayav Ahmet 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSome patients operated by pancreaticoduodenectomy for resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma will present with a recurrence during the first year (early recurrence).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors associated with early recurrence in a large retrospective study.MethodsFrom January 1995 to November 2010, all patients operated by pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma in our institution were retrospectively included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with early recurrence.ResultsA total of 166 patients were included; 57 patients (34 %) developed early recurrence. In univariate analysis, factors associated with early recurrence were perineural invasion (p = 0.0002), preoperative bilirubin (p = 0.01), lymph node ratio (LNR) ≥0.2 (p = 0.009), and T stage (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, perineural invasion (odds ratio [OR] 3.31; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.42–7.72; p = 0.005), LNR ≥0.2 (OR 2.55; 95 % CI 1.17–5.52; p = 0.02), and preoperative bilirubin (OR 1.04; 95 % CI 1.01–1.07; p = 0.03) were independent factors associated with early recurrence. Perineural invasion was also associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.001) and poor disease‐free survival (p = 0.07).ConclusionIn our study, perineural invasion (OR 3.31) is more accurate than T stage and lymph node status (OR 2.55) to predict early recurrence after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.
Ketone body metabolism and its defects
Authors: Fukao Toshiyuki , Mitchell Grant , Sass Jörn Oliver , Hori Tomohiro , Orii Kenji , Aoyama Yuka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAcetoacetate (AcAc) and 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), the two main ketone bodies of humans, are important vectors of energy transport from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, especially during fasting, when glucose supply is low. Blood total ketone body (TKB) levels should be evaluated in the context of clinical history, such as fasting time and ketogenic stresses. Blood TKB should also be evaluated in parallel with blood glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). The FFA/TKB ratio is especially useful for evaluation of ketone body metabolism. Defects in ketogenesis include mitochondrial HMG‐CoA synthase (mHS) deficiency and HMG‐CoA lyase (HL) deficiency. mHS deficiency should be considered in non‐ketotic hypoglycemia if a fatty acid beta‐oxidation defect is suspected, but cannot be confirmed. Patients with HL deficiency can develop hypoglycemic crises and neurological symptoms even in adolescents and adults. Succinyl‐CoA‐3‐oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency and beta‐ketothiolase (T2) deficiency are two defects in ketolysis. Permanent ketosis is pathognomonic for SCOT deficiency. However, patients with “mild” SCOT mutations may have nonketotic periods. T2‐deficient patients with “mild” mutations may have normal blood acylcarnitine profiles even in ketoacidotic crises. T2 deficient patients cannot be detected in a reliable manner by newborn screening using acylcarnitines. We review recent data on clinical presentation, metabolite profiles and the course of these diseases in adults, including in pregnancy.
Enzyme therapy and immune response in relation to CRIM status: the Dutch experience in classic infantile Pompe disease
Authors: van Gelder Carin M. , Hoogeveen‐Westerveld Marianne , Kroos Marian A. , Plug Iris , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Reuser Arnold J. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundEnzyme‐replacement therapy (ERT) in Pompe disease—an inherited metabolic disorder caused by acid α‐glucosidase deficiency and characterized in infants by generalized muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy—can be complicated by immune responses. Infants that do not produce any endogenous acid α‐glucosidase, so‐called CRIM‐negative patients, reportedly develop a strong response. We report the clinical outcome of our Dutch infants in relation to their CRIM status and immune response.MethodsEleven patients were genotyped and their CRIM status was determined. Antibody formation and clinical outcome were assessed for a minimum of 4 years.ResultsERT was commenced between 0.1 and 8.3 months of age, and patients were treated from 0.3 to 13.7 years. All patients developed antibodies. Those with a high antibody titer (above 1:31,250) had a poor response. The antibody titers varied substantially between patients and did not strictly correlate with the patients’ CRIM status. Patients who started ERT beyond 2 months of age tended to develop higher titers than those who started earlier. All three CRIM‐negative patients in our study succumbed by the age of 4 years seemingly unrelated to the height of their antibody titer.ConclusionAntibody formation is a common response to ERT in classic infantile Pompe disease and counteracts the effect of treatment. The counteracting effect seems determined by the antibody:enzyme molecular stoichiometry. The immune response may be minimized by early start of ERT and by immune modulation, as proposed by colleagues. The CRIM‐negative status itself seems associated with poor outcome.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors used in coal mines
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Liu Tongyu , Song Guangdong , Xie Hongjing , Li Lianqing , Deng Xiaolin , Gong Zhijie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors were used for on-line monitoring of the stress variation of the lined wall in the gateway retained along the goaf of No. 3203 coal mining face in Dongtan Mine. The results showed that the FBG strain sensor with the wide measuring range could measure the stress variation accurately during the support process of the gateway retained along the goaf and could provide the basis to further optimize the support structure and to determine the support plan of the gateway retained along the goaf. The FBG micro-seismic sensors were used in Xinglong Mine to detect the micro-seismic signal. The signals were well received and analyzed to determine the location and energy level of the source of the micro-seismic event warning. The FBG sensors and detecting system show a significant potential for micro-seismic detection and geological disasters detection.
Application of wavelet transform modulus maxima in raman distributed temperature sensors
Authors: Wang Zongliang , Chang Jun , Zhang Sasa , Luo Sha , Jia Cuanwu , Sun Boning , Jiang Shuo , Liu Yongning , Liu Xiaohui , Lv Guangping , Liu Zhi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We proposed and demonstrated a wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) de-noising method to decrease the temperature error. In this scheme, the composition scale was determined simply by the WTMM amplitude variation with the growth of the decomposition scale at 30 °C, and the signal WTMM was obtained by the wavelet decomposition modulus on every decomposition scale based on the modulus propagating difference between the signal and noise. Then, we reconstructed the signal using the signal WTMM. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for de-noising, allowing for a temperature error decrease of about 1 °C at 40 °C and 50 °C comparing to the original data.
Litter and sex effects on maternal behavior and DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in hippocampus and cerebellum
Authors: Kosten Therese A. , Nielsen David A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEarly life events can alter gene expression through DNA methylation. The methylation status of the exon 17 promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1 gene) in hippocampus associates with frequency of pup licking. Much of this work was conducted with male rats. Because dams more frequently lick male pups, this may contribute to sex differences in phenotypes through DNA methylation. Modifying litter gender composition (LGC), in which offspring of single‐sex litters are compared to mixed‐sex litters, alters maternal behavior. Previously, we demonstrated that LGC and sex affected pup licking times as well as anxiety and hippocampal DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in adolescence. Now, we expand upon this work by examining effects in cerebellum and measuring mRNA levels. We also re‐assessed DNA methylation in hippocampus using pyrosequencing and re‐analyzed pup licking with the more commonly used frequency measure. Litters, culled to 8 pups on postnatal day 1 (PN1), were assigned to one of three conditions: all male (n = 10), all female (n = 12), or half of each sex (n = 20). Licking was rated on PN4, 7, and 10. On PN35, hippocampal and cerebellar samples were obtained. Single‐sex males were licked the least and mixed‐sex males, the most. Hippocampal Nr3c1 mRNA levels were lowest in mixed females with no LGC or Sex effects in DNA methylation. Cerebellar DNA methylation levels were lowest in mixed males with no effect on mRNA levels. Maternal pup licking associated with DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in cerebellum and with hippocampal mRNA.
Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias arising from the left ventricular outflow tract: Tips and tricks
Authors: Kumagai Koji 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIdiopathic left ventricular outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (LVOT‐VAs) arising from the LVOT are rare compared with the VAs arising from the RVOT. Idiopathic LVOT‐VAs have been divided into four subgroups based on successful catheter ablation sites: the aorto‐mitral continuity (AMC), the anterior site around the mitral annulus (MA), the aortic sinus cusps (ASC), and the epicardium. Recognition of the ECG characteristics of LVOT‐VAs combined with anatomical information should facilitate their appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In particular, the AMC is located adjacent to the anterior site of the MA, ASC, and epicardium. All subtypes of LVOT‐VAs, except those with epicardial origins, are successfully treated with endocardial radiofrequency catheter ablation combined with pace mapping and the identification of the earliest ventricular electrogram with a prepotential, if it is recordable. In addition, LVOT‐VAs originating from an inaccessible area in the LV summit of the epicardium, which cannot be treated by epicardial catheter ablation, should be differentiated from those in an accessible area using novel electrophysiological characteristics. Despite many morphological similarities among the subtypes of LVOT‐VAs, the ECG characteristics and anatomical information obtained from visualization using computed tomographic image integration with electroanatomical mapping may advance the safety and success of catheter ablation of idiopathic LVOT‐VAs.
HAPPINESS: A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sacks Jonathan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHappiness has both universal and culturally specific forms. This article describes three sensibilities of happiness in Judaism: the prophetic life of struggle; the happiness of ashrei, with its life of simplicity in accordance with the will of God; and simchah, the life-lived-in-relationship given supreme expression in Moses's covenantal vision in the book of Deuteronomy. Focusing, in particular, on the social vision of Moses, the article explores how Jewish notions of happiness challenge contemporary conceptions of happiness grounded in materialism and acquisition, and it discusses how a focus on material happiness threatens to undermine relationships and the social fiber that is the thread from which true and lasting happiness is woven.
Effect of tryptophan supplementation on diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Ritze Yvonne , Bárdos Gyöngyi , Hubert Astrid , Böhle Maureen , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: April 2014

Intestinal serotonin (5-hydroxytrypamine, 5-HT) metabolism is thought to play a role in gut functions by regulating motility, permeability and other functions of the intestine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tryptophan (TRP), the precursor of 5-HT, supplementation on intestinal barrier functions and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An established mouse model of NAFLD induced by feeding a fructose-rich diet (N group) was used in the present study. TRP was administered orally for 8 weeks to C57BL/6J control or NAFLD mice. NAFLD-related liver parameters (hepatic TAG and Oil Red O staining), intestinal barrier parameters (tight-junction protein occludin and portal plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS)) and 5-HT-related parameters (5-HT, 5-HT transporter (SERT) and motility) were measured. We observed reduced duodenal occludin protein concentrations (P= 0·0007), high portal plasma LPS concentrations (P= 0·005) and an elevated liver weight:body weight ratio (P= 0·01) in the N group compared with the parameters in the control group. TRP supplementation led to an increase in occludin concentrations (P= 0·0009) and consecutively reduced liver weight:body weight ratio (P= 0·009) as well as overall hepatic fat accumulation in the N group (P= 0·05). In addition, the N group exhibited reduced SERT protein expression (P= 0·002), which was normalised by TRP supplementation (P= 0·02). For the first time, our data indicate that oral TRP supplementation attenuates experimental NAFLD in mice. The underlying mechanisms are not clear, but probably involve stabilisation of the intestinal barrier in the upper small intestine and amelioration of the dysregulated intestinal serotonergic system.
Effect of selenium on markers of risk of pre-eclampsia in UK pregnant women: a randomised, controlled pilot trial
Authors: Rayman Margaret P. , Searle Elizabeth , Kelly Lynne , Johnsen Sigurd , Bodman-Smith Katherine , Bath Sarah C. , Mao Jinyuan , Redman Christopher W. G. 
Published: April 2014

Pre-eclampsia is a serious hypertensive condition of pregnancy associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Se intake or status has been linked to the occurrence of pre-eclampsia by our own work and that of others. We hypothesised that a small increase in the Se intake of UK pregnant women of inadequate Se status would protect against the risk of pre-eclampsia, as assessed by biomarkers of pre-eclampsia. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial, we randomised 230 primiparous pregnant women to Se (60 μg/d, as Se-enriched yeast) or placebo treatment from 12 to 14 weeks of gestation until delivery. Whole-blood Se concentration was measured at baseline and 35 weeks, and plasma selenoprotein P (SEPP1) concentration at 35 weeks. The primary outcome measure of the present study was serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1), an anti-angiogenic factor linked with the risk of pre-eclampsia. Other serum/plasma components related to the risk of pre-eclampsia were also measured. Between 12 and 35 weeks, whole-blood Se concentration increased significantly in the Se-treated group but decreased significantly in the placebo group. At 35 weeks, significantly higher concentrations of whole-blood Se and plasma SEPP1 were observed in the Se-treated group than in the placebo group. In line with our hypothesis, the concentration of sFlt-1 was significantly lower at 35 weeks in the Se-treated group than in the placebo group in participants in the lowest quartile of Se status at baseline (P= 0·039). None of the secondary outcome measures was significantly affected by treatment. The present finding that Se supplementation has the potential to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women of low Se status needs to be validated in an adequately powered trial.
Accounts and Accountability: Corruption, Human Rights, and Individual Accountability Norms
Authors: Kim Hun Joon , Sharman J.C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo parallel norms mandate an international duty to hold state leaders individually accountable for serious corruption and human rights crimes. The development of these new norms is poorly explained by realist and neoliberal perspectives, but there are also weaknesses in recent constructivist explanations of norm diffusion that emphasize agency at the expense of structure. Such approaches have difficulty explaining the source of and similarities between new norms, and treat norm entrepreneurs as prior to and separate from their environment. In contrast, drawing on sociological institutionalism, we present a more structural explanation of individual accountability norms. The norms derive from an overarching modernist world culture privileging individual rights and responsibilities, as well as rational-legal authority. This culture is more generative of norm entrepreneurs than generated by them. The specific norms are instantiated through a process of “theorization” within permissive post–Cold War conditions, and diffused via mimicry, professionalization, and coercive isomorphism.
Characterization of a humic acid extracted from marine sediment and its influence on the growth of marine diatoms
Authors: Martin Marcela V. , Gebühr Christina , Mártire Daniel O. , Wiltshire Karen H. 
Published: April 2014

Due to the input of humic substances from freshwater run-off into the marine habitat, the influences of such substances on marine organisms should not be neglected. We here investigate the effect of a humic acid (HA) extract from the North Sea, characterized by spectroscopic techniques and carboxylic and phenolic group content, on the growth of different algae. Two benthic pennate diatoms isolated from the Baltic Sea,Navicula ramosissima(C. Agardh) Cleve, 1895 andEntomoneis paludosa(W. Smith) Reimer, 1975, as well as two tychopelagic centric diatoms isolated from the North Sea,Melosira nummuloidesC. Agardh, 1824 andParalia sulcata(Ehrenberg) Cleve, 1873, were employed. The concentrations of pigments (fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, chlorophyll-aand β-carotene) and nutrients were also measured. Adding low concentrations of naturally humic substances (5.5 mg of C l−1) to the algae cultures resulted in enhanced growth rates compared to the control experiments, possibly due to the increase in the bioavailability of trace metals or other nutrients.
Friendships in the Shadow of Empire: Tagore's Reception in Chicago,circa1913–1932
Authors: CHAKRABARTY DIPESH 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper supplies the historical context to the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore's (1861–1941) first visit to the city of Chicago in January 1913 when he spoke at the University of Chicago and established life-long friendships with some of the literary personalities of the city. By focusing on how Tagore came to be received by the University authorities and on his friendship with Harriet Vaughan Moody (1857–1932), the widow of the American writer William Vaughn Moody, it also seeks to trace the role that the themes of ‘empire’ and ‘civilization’ played in determining how the poet was received, understood, and admired by his foreign friends.