bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact exchange-correlation potential of an ionic Hubbard model with a free surface
Authors: Brosco V. , Ying Z.-J. , Lorenzana J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) the interacting electron problem is mapped into a noninteracting problem in an effective potential vKS. It is known that the charge gap of the interacting system is different from the gap of the effective problem due to a jump Δxc in vKS when an electron is added but its magnitude and its role in the ubiquitous discrepancy between the experimental gaps and approximate DFT computations is poorly understood. Here we compute the exact vKS of a strongly interacting one-dimensional lattice model which can be driven from an ionic to a Mott insulating state. Presence of a “vacuum” region allows to determine the absolute value of vKS. We show that in the ionic regime Δxc is determined by nearest-neighbor interaction, while in the Mott regime Δxc is determined by on-site Hubbard interaction.
Treating Children Ages 3–6 Who Have Speech Sound Disorder: A Survey
Authors: Brumbaugh Klaire Mann , Smit Ann Bosma 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
In a national survey, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were asked about service delivery and interventions they use with children ages 3–6 who have speech sound disorder (SSD).

Method
The survey was e-mailed to 2,084 SLPs who worked in pre-elementary settings across the United States. Of these, 24% completed part or all of the survey, with 18% completing the entire survey.

Results
SLPs reported that they provided children ages 3–6 who had SSD with 30 or 60 min of treatment time weekly, regardless of group or individual setting. More SLPs indicated that they used traditional intervention than other types of intervention. However, many SLPs also reported using aspects of phonological interventions and providing phonological awareness training. Fewer SLPs indicated that they used nonspeech oral motor exercises than in a previous survey (Lof & Watson, 2008). Recently graduated SLPs were no more familiar with recent advances in phonological intervention than were their more experienced colleagues.

Discussion
This study confirms previous findings (Mullen & Schooling, 2010) about the amount of service provided to children ages 3–6 who have SSD. Issues related to the use of traditional and phonological intervention with children who have phonological disorder are discussed, along with concerns related to evidence-based practice and research needs.
Development and Validation of the Spanish–English Language Proficiency Scale (SELPS)
Authors: Smyk Ekaterina , Restrepo M. Adelaida , Gorin Joanna S. , Gray Shelley 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
This study examined the development and validation of a criterion-referenced Spanish–English Language Proficiency Scale (SELPS) that was designed to assess the oral language skills of sequential bilingual children ages 4–8. This article reports results for the English proficiency portion of the scale.

Method
The SELPS assesses syntactic complexity, grammatical accuracy, verbal fluency, and lexical diversity based on 2 story retell tasks. In Study 1, 40 children were given 2 story retell tasks to evaluate the reliability of parallel forms. In Study 2, 76 children participated in the validation of the scale against language sample measures and teacher ratings of language proficiency.

Results
Study 1 indicated no significant differences between the SELPS scores on the 2 stories. Study 2 indicated that the SELPS scores correlated significantly with their counterpart language sample measures. Correlations between the SELPS and teacher ratings were moderate.

Conclusions
The 2 story retells elicited comparable SELPS scores, providing a valuable tool for test–retest conditions in the assessment of language proficiency. Correlations between the SELPS scores and external variables indicated that these measures assessed the same language skills. Results provided empirical evidence regarding the validity of inferences about language proficiency based on the SELPS score.
A Comparison of Methods for Decoupling Tongue and Lower Lip From Jaw Movements in 3D Articulography
Authors: Neto Henriques Rafael , van Lieshout Pascal 
Published: July 2013

PurposeOne popular method to study the motion of oral articulators is 3D electromagnetic articulography. For many studies, it is important to use an algorithm to decouple the motion of the tongue and the lower lip from the motion of the mandible. In this article, the authors describe and compare 4 methods for decoupling jaw motion by using 3D tongue and lower lip data.MethodA 3D position estimation method (3DPE), an adapted version of the estimated rotation method (ERM) proposed by Westbury, Lindstrom, and McClean (2002) for 3D recordings, a linear subtraction method, and a new method called Jaw and Oral Analysis (JOANA) were evaluated with data recorded from sensors attached to the lower molars, lower lip, and tongue.ResultsThe 3DPE method showed the fewest errors. However, unlike the other methods, it requires more than one sensor attached to the lower jaw. Among the single-sensor methods, JOANA was found to be the most comparable to 3DPE.ConclusionThe findings suggest that JOANA is efficient in decoupling tongue and lower lip motion from jaw motion, whereas ERM, with its less complicated procedure for attaching the lower jaw incisor sensor, can be considered a viable alternative.
Articulatory Distinctiveness of Vowels and Consonants: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Wang Jun , Green Jordan R. , Samal Ashok , Yunusova Yana 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo quantify the articulatory distinctiveness of 8 major English vowels and 11 English consonants based on tongue and lip movement time series data using a data-driven approach.MethodTongue and lip movements of 8 vowels and 11 consonants from 10 healthy talkers were collected. First, classification accuracies were obtained using 2 complementary approaches: (a) Procrustes analysis and (b) a support vector machine. Procrustes distance was then used to measure the articulatory distinctiveness among vowels and consonants. Finally, the distance (distinctiveness) matrices of different vowel pairs and consonant pairs were used to derive articulatory vowel and consonant spaces using multidimensional scaling.ResultsVowel classification accuracies of 91.67% and 89.05% and consonant classification accuracies of 91.37% and 88.94% were obtained using Procrustes analysis and a support vector machine, respectively. Articulatory vowel and consonant spaces were derived based on the pairwise Procrustes distances.ConclusionsThe articulatory vowel space derived in this study resembled the long-standing descriptive articulatory vowel space defined by tongue height and advancement. The articulatory consonant space was consistent with feature-based classification of English consonants. The derived articulatory vowel and consonant spaces may have clinical implications, including serving as an objective measure of the severity of articulatory impairment.
Effects on Vocal Fold Collision and Phonation Threshold Pressure of Resonance Tube Phonation With Tube End in Water
Authors: Enflo Laura , Sundberg Johan , Romedahl Camilla , McAllister Anita 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
Resonance tube phonation in water (RTPW) or in air is a voice therapy method successfully used for treatment of several voice pathologies. Its effect on the voice has not been thoroughly studied. This investigation analyzes the effects of RTPW on collision and phonation threshold pressures (CTP and PTP), the lowest subglottal pressure needed for vocal fold collision and phonation, respectively.

Method
Twelve mezzo-sopranos phonated into a glass tube, the end of which was placed under the water surface in a jar. Subglottal pressure, electroglottography, and audio signals were recorded before and after exercise. Also, the perceptual effects were assessed in a listening test with an expert panel, who also rated the subjects' singing experience.

Results
Resonance tube phonation significantly increased CTP and also tended to improve perceived voice quality. The latter effect was mostly greater in singers who did not practice singing daily. In addition, a more pronounced perceptual effect was found in singers rated as being less experienced.

Conclusion
Resonance tube phonation significantly raised CTP and tended to improve perceptual ratings of voice quality. The effect on PTP did not reach significance.
Assessment of Stigma Associated With Stuttering: Development and Evaluation of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S)
Authors: Boyle Michael P. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo create a psychometrically sound scale that measures different levels of internalized stigma (i.e., self-stigma) among adults who stutter and to analyze factor structure, reliability, and initial construct validity of the scale.MethodTwo-hundred ninety-one adults who stutter were recruited from Board Recognized Specialists in Fluency Disorders and the National Stuttering Association. Participants completed a web-based survey including an experimental scale called theSelf-Stigma of Stuttering Scale(4S), designed to measure different levels of self-stigma in people who stutter, along with a series of established measures of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction.ResultsThe experimental scale demonstrated adequate reliability in internal consistency and temporal stability. Factor analysis revealed underlying components supportive of a multidimensional model of stigma. Stigma self-concurrence and, to a lesser extent, stereotype agreement and stigma awareness were negatively correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction, supporting initial construct validity of the scale.ConclusionSpeech-language pathologists can identify the presence of self-stigma in their adult clients who stutter and help them to alter these beliefs. The 4S can be a means for researchers and clinicians to achieve these goals.
Effects of a carbohydrate and caffeine gel on intermittent sprint performance in recreationally trained males
Authors: Cooper Robert , Naclerio Fernando , Allgrove Judith , Larumbe‐Zabala Eneko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effects of ingesting carbohydrate gels with and without caffeine on a ~90‐minute, four blocks intermittent sprint test (IST), in 12 recreationally trained male athletes. Using a cross‐over design, one 70 ml dose of gel containing either 25 g of carbohydrate with (CHOCAF) or without (CHO) 100 mg of caffeine, or a non‐caloric placebo (PL) was ingested on three occasions: one hour before, immediately prior to and during the IST. Blood glucose, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue index (FI) were analysed. Glucose showed significantly higher values for both CHOCAF and CHO at the first (p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively), second (p=0.009 and 0.008, respectively) and third (p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively) blocks when compared with PL, while only CHOCAF was significantly different to PL (p=0.002) at the fourth block. CHOCAF showed an improved FI (mean 5.0, s =1.7) compared with CHO (mean 7.6, s =2.6; p=0.006) and PL (mean 7.4, s =2.4; p=0.005), a significantly lower RPE (mean 14.2, s =2) compared with PL (mean 15.3, s =2; p=0.003) and a trend in respect of CHO (mean 14.9, s =2.3; p=0.056) after the third block. In conclusion, ingesting CHOCAF one hour before, prior to and during an IST is effective at transiently reducing fatigue and RPE whilst maintaining higher glucose levels at the final stages of the exercise.
Intra‐individual movement variability during skill transitions: A useful marker?
Authors: Carson Howie J. , Collins Dave , Richards Jim 
Published: July 2013

AbstractApplied research suggests that athletes and coaches need to be challenged in knowing when and how much a movement should be consciously attended to. This is exacerbated when the skill is in transition between two more stable states, such as when an already well‐learnt skill is being refined. Using existing theory and research, this paper highlights the potential application of movement variability as a tool to inform a coach's decision‐making process when implementing a systematic approach to technical refinement. Of particular interest is the structure of co‐variability between mechanical degrees‐of‐freedom (e.g., joints) within the movement system's entirety when undergoing a skill transition. Exemplar data from golf are presented, demonstrating the link between movement variability and mental effort as an important feature of automaticity, and thus intervention design throughout the different stages of refinement. Movement variability was shown to reduce when mental effort directed towards an individual aspect of the skill was high (target variable). The opposite pattern was apparent for variables unrelated to the technical refinement. Therefore, two related indicators, movement variability and mental effort, are offered as a basis through which the evaluation of automaticity during technical refinements may be made.
Thermal inclusions inside a bounded medium
Authors: Zou W.-N. , He Q.-C. , Zheng Q.-S. 
Published: July 2013

In the context of thermal conduction taken as a prototype of numerous transport phenomena, a general method is elaborated to study Eshelby's problem of inclusions inside a bounded homogeneous anisotropic medium. This method consists in: (i) recasting by a linear transformation the initial problem into Eshelby's problem of the transformed inclusion inside the transformed finite isotropic medium and (ii) decomposing Eshelby's problem of a thermal inclusion embedded in a finite isotropic medium into the sub-problem of the same inclusion inside the associated infinite medium and the sub-problem of the finite ambient isotropic medium including no inclusion but undergoing appropriate compensating boundary conditions. The general method is applied in the two-dimensional situation and the corresponding temperature field and Eshelby's conduction tensor are explicitly expressed in terms of some curvilinear complex integrals for the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Thus, the difficulties owing to the unavailability or non-existence of Green's function are overcome. The general results in the two-dimensional case are finally specified and illustrated by considering a finite circular medium with circular or polygonal inclusions.
Numerical resolution of Emden's equation using Adomian polynomials
Authors: José Pujol María , Pujol Francisco A. , Aznar Fidel , Pujol Mar , Rizo Ramón 
Published: July 2013

PurposeIn this paper the authors aim to show the advantages of using the decomposition method introduced by Adomian to solve Emden's equation, a classical non‐linear equation that appears in the study of the thermal behaviour of a spherical cloud and of the gravitational potential of a polytropic fluid at hydrostatic equilibrium.Design/methodology/approachIn their work, the authors first review Emden's equation and its possible solutions using the Frobenius and power series methods; then, Adomian polynomials are introduced. Afterwards, Emden's equation is solved using Adomian's decomposition method and, finally, they conclude with a comparison of the solution given by Adomian's method with the solution obtained by the other methods, for certain cases where the exact solution is known.FindingsSolving Emden's equation for n in the interval [0, 5] is very interesting for several scientific applications, such as astronomy. However, the exact solution is known only for n=0, n=1 and n=5. The experiments show that Adomian's method achieves an approximate solution which overlaps with the exact solution when n=0, and that coincides with the Taylor expansion of the exact solutions for n=1 and n=5. As a result, the authors obtained quite satisfactory results from their proposal.Originality/valueThe main classical methods for obtaining approximate solutions of Emden's equation have serious computational drawbacks. The authors make a new, efficient numerical implementation for solving this equation, constructing iteratively the Adomian polynomials, which leads to a solution of Emden's equation that extends the range of variation of parameter n compared to the solutions given by both the Frobenius and the power series methods.
Predictions of round impinging jet heat transfer with two k‐ω hybrid RANS/LES models
Authors: Kubacki Slawomir , Rokicki Jacek , Dick Erik 
Published: July 2013

PurposeApplicability of two k‐ω hybrid RANS/LES and a k‐ω RANS models is studied for simulation of round impinging jets at nozzle‐plate distance H/D=2 with Reynolds number 70000, H/D=2 with Reynolds number 5000 and H/D=10 with Reynolds number 5000 (D is the nozzle exit diameter). The aim is to verify two concepts of unified hybrid RANS/LES formulations, one of DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) type and one of LNS (Limited Number Scales) type in analysis of impinging jet flow and heat transfer. The grid resolution requirements are also discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe simulations are performed with two k‐ω based hybrid RANS/LES models of very different nature, one of DES type and one of LNS type, and the RANS k‐ω model. For the lower Reynolds number (5000), also dynamic Smagorinsky LES is done. Both hybrid model formulations converge to the same RANS k‐ω model in the near‐wall region and have the same Smagorinsky limit on fine isotropic grids in the LES mode of the hybrid models.FindingsWith the hybrid RANS/LES models, improved fluid flow and heat transfer results are obtained compared to RANS, in the impact region and in the developing wall‐jet region. For accurate predictions at low nozzle‐plate distance, where the impact region is in the core of the jet, it is necessary to sufficiently resolve the formation and breakup of the near‐wall vortices in the jet impingement region and the developing wall‐jet region, as these determine largely the level of fluctuating velocity and the heat transfer. This requires high grid resolution for high Reynolds number, while the grid resolution requirements stay modest for low Reynolds number.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that two formulations of hybrid RANS/LES models of different nature, one of DES type and one of LES type, lead to equivalent results. Consistency has been guaranteed in the sense that the RANS limit of both models is the same and that the LES limit on fine, isotropic, grids is the same. In the intermediate range, however, the repartition into resolved and modelled fluctuations may differ considerably.
Enhancing the egg's natural defence against bacterial penetration by increasing cuticle deposition
Authors: Bain M. M. , Mcdade K. , Burchmore R. , Law A. , Wilson P. W. , Schmutz M. , Preisinger R. , Dunn I. C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe cuticle is a proteinaceous layer covering the avian egg and is believed to form a defence to microorganism ingress. In birds that lay eggs in challenging environments, the cuticle is thicker, suggesting evolutionary pressure; however, in poultry, selection pressure for this trait has been removed because of artificial incubation. This study aimed to quantify cuticle deposition and to estimate its genetic parameters and its role on trans‐shell penetration of bacteria. Additionally, cuticle proteins were characterised to establish whether alleles for these genes explained variation in deposition. A novel and reliable quantification was achieved using the difference in reflectance of the egg at 650 nm before and after staining with a specific dye. The heritability of this novel measurement was moderate (0.27), and bacteria penetration was dependent on the natural variation in cuticle deposition. Eggs with the best cuticle were never penetrated by bacteria (P < 0.001). The cuticle proteome consisted of six major proteins. A significant association was found between alleles of one of these protein genes, ovocleidin‐116 (MEPE), and cuticle deposition (P = 0.015) and also between alleles of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene and cuticle deposition (P = 0.008). With the heritability observed, genetic selection should be possible to increase cuticle deposition in commercial poultry, so reducing trans‐generational transmission of microorganisms and reversing the lack of selection pressure for this trait during recent domestication.
Evaluation of cardiac output in intensive care using a non‐invasive arterial pulse contour technique (Nexfin®) compared with echocardiography
Authors: Taton O. , Fagnoul D. , De Backer D. , Vincent J.‐L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn this prospective study, cardiac output was measured in 38 intensive care unit patients before and after a fluid challenge, using both pulse contour analysis (Nexfin®; BMEYE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and transthoracic echocardiography. The ability of the Nexfin device to detect significant changes in the velocity–time integral was evaluated. The pulse wave could not be detected by the Nexfin device in five patients (13%), leaving 33 patients for analysis. The Nexfin device adequately tracked changes in the velocity–time integral in 20 (61%) patients. Using a cut‐off of a 10% increase in cardiac output estimated by the Nexfin or by echocardiography, the sensitivity of the Nexfin device to detect a response to fluid challenge was 47%, with specificity 81% and accuracy 64%. The percentage error between the Nexfin and echocardiography was 448%; lower limit of agreement −48% (95% CI −62 to −36%) and upper limit of agreement, 32% (95% CI 20–45%). We conclude that the Nexfin device does not adequately track changes in cardiac output in critically ill patients.
Factors associated with lifetime risk of open‐angle glaucoma blindness
Authors: Peters Dorothea , Bengtsson Boel , Heijl Anders 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate factors associated with bilateral glaucoma blindness, particularly factors available at the time of diagnosis.Methods:  Retrospective chart review of all patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) followed at the Department of Ophthalmology or Low Vision Center of Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, who died between January 2006 and June 2010. Disease stage at diagnosis was defined by a simplified version of Mills’ glaucoma staging system using perimetric mean deviation (MD) to define six stages of severity. Blindness was defined according to WHO criteria. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the association between risk factors and glaucoma blindness.Results:  Four hundred and 23 patients were included; 60% POAG and 40% PEXG. Sixty‐four patients (15%) became blind from glaucoma. Blind patients had significantly longer mean duration with diagnosed disease than patients who did not go blind (14.8 years ± 5.8 versus 10.6 years ± 6.5, p < 0.001). The risk of blindness increased with higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13) and with each stage of more advanced field loss at time of diagnosis (OR 1.80 95% CI 1.34–2.41). Older age at death was also associated with an increased risk of blindness (OR 1.09 95% CI 1.03–1.14), while age at diagnosis was unimportant. PEXG was not an independent risk factor for blindness.Conclusions:  Higher IOP and worse visual field status at baseline were important risk factors, as was older age at death.