bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questionable suitability of pure geological publications to distant inventory of world-class palaeogeographical geosites
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPresent acceleration of interest in geoheritage makes urgent a very large inventory of geosites in all parts of the world, which task cannot be achieved by only geoconservationists. Pure geological publications seem to be promising to deal with geosites without visiting them. To realize the existence of such an opportunity, ten fresh examples of research articles reporting exceptional palaeogeographical localities from the different geographical domains and geological time slices were considered. A semi-quantitative, score-based assessment of suitability (quality) of the published information was undertaken. This procedure should be distinguished from geosite evaluation, which is not the aim of this study. It was found that the outcomes of pure geological research published in journal articles can really help to identify world-class geosites, although the information from these articles is not enough to characterize geosites (especially regarding such properties as accessibility and vulnerability). Finding additional literature and realizing conservation status are the other challenges of geosite inventories based on only journal articles. Some recommendations for writing geoheritage-unrelated articles so to satisfy the needs of geoconservation were given.
Hydrocarbon prospective study using seismic inversion and rock physics in an offshore field, Niger Delta
Authors: Falade Ayodele O. , Amigun John O. , Abiola Olubola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study integrates seismic inversion and rock physics techniques to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of an offshore field in the Niger Delta. Five wells revealed three reservoir sands with favourable reservoir properties, including gross thickness (49.2–81.4 m), porosity (0.18–0.2), permeability (565–1481 mD), and water saturation (0.16–0.54). A robust wavelet extraction process was implemented to guide seismic inversion, and a well log-centric approach was employed to validate the resulting acoustic impedance data. Rock physics analysis established correlations between acoustic impedance (Zp), porosity, fluid content, and lithology, enabling the identification of hydrocarbon-filled sands, brine-saturated sands, and shales. These relationships enabled the discrimination of hydrocarbon-filled sands [5000–8000 (m/s)(g/cc)], from brine-saturated sands [5600–8400 (m/s)(g/cc)], and shales [5000–9000 (m/s)(g/cc)] within the inverted seismic data. The inverted acoustic impedance section showed a general increase with depth, reflecting the typical compaction effects in the Niger Delta. Analysis of the impedance distribution across horizon time slices revealed prospective zones with low impedance values [below 6300 (m/s)(g/cc)], particularly in horizons 1 and 2. These newly identified zones exhibit the strongest potential for hydrocarbon accumulation and warrant further investigation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using well log and rock physics constrained seismic inversion for hydrocarbon exploration in an offshore field in the Niger Delta.
Unfolding the interaction of radioactive Cs and Sr with polyethylene-derived microplastics in marine environment
Authors: Yadav Sonali , Rout Sabyasachi , Joshi Vikram , Pulhani Vandana , Kumar A. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo unveil the interaction of radioactive Cs and Sr with polyethylene-derived microplastics in the marine environment, a mesocosm study was conducted in a stepwise manner by investigating the uptake capability of microplastics at three different stages: pristine, radiation-exposed, and marine-exposed microplastics. The study demonstrates that the physio-chemical properties of microplastics undergo significant alterations upon exposure to the environment, leading to the emergence of biofilm formation upon marine exposure, while radiation exposure induces surface roughness and cracks. Biofilm growth enhances the uptake of radionuclides by microplastics. However, the growth of biofilms increases the density of microplastics through aggregation, leading to a buoyancy transition from positive to negative buoyancy. Various interaction mechanisms, such as electrostatic, ion–dipole, and physical diffusion interactions, were identified as important mechanisms playing key roles in radionuclide binding to polyethylene-derived microplastics. Despite the significantly lower apparent distribution coefficients observed for radio Cs (in the range of 7.3–23.6 L/kg) and Sr (in the range of 4.3–8.06 L/kg) in the marine system, typically 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those on marine suspended sediment, this study offers compelling evidence that microplastics in marine environments are capable of sequestering radio Cs and Sr. Consequently, microplastics can potentially accumulate these radionuclides, highlighting their role as potential reservoirs as well as vectors of radionuclides in marine environments.
Enhancing torsional performance of reinforced concrete beams: a comparative analysis of shear reinforcement strategies
Authors: Mahzuz H. M. A. , Nury Ahmad Hasan , Ahmed Mushtaq , Islam Shariful , Ullah Md. Ashraf , Chowdhury Samin Azhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTorsion failure poses a critical threat to the structural integrity of reinforced concrete, particularly in seismic hazard zones. This study aims to overcome this difficulty by conducting a thorough examination of the torsional characteristics of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) beams. This study examined the torsional characteristics of various RCC beams by utilizing different configurations of shear reinforcements. The objective was to determine an effective alternative shear reinforcement configuration in comparison to the traditional Non-welded Rectangular Stirrup Beam (NRSB). Comparing three types of beams, namely NRSB, Welded Rectangular Stirrup Beam (WRSB), and Welded Warren Truss Beam (WWTB), a novel warren truss-shaped shear reinforcement was introduced. All beams were constructed with consistent dimensions of concrete and uniform weights of reinforcement, including 16 mm bars for the top and bottom longitudinal reinforcement and 10 mm bars as shear reinforcements. Two separate concrete mix ratios were evaluated, specifically 1:1.5:1.5 and 1:2.5:2.5 (by volume) respectively. Theoretical calculations based on elastic theory were used to determine the angle of twist for each beam. The torsional moment resistance of WRSB and WWTB was found to be 4.4% and 1% higher, respectively, compared to the traditional NRSB, while using a mix ratio of 1:1.5:1.5. Regarding the alternative mixture ratio, the torsional moment for WRSB was 10% more, whereas for WWTB it was 2.4% less. As a result, the WRSB specimens exhibited the highest torsional moment for both mix ratios, but the NRSB and WWTB specimens had comparable values.
South Africa in the Seventies
Authors: Hill Edmund 
Published: July 2024

Plus c’est la même chose, plus ça change. It is only to be expected that this strange looking-glass country should even oblige one to put platitudes back to front. In the seventies, all appears to be exactly as it was in the sixties, if not more so, with the Vorster brothers reigning supreme in Church and State—the Prime Minister’s elder brother was elected Moderator of the N.G.K., the biggest of the three Galvinist Afrikaner churches, at their synod last year. And yet there is a change in the smell of things, at least to my nostrils. I will try to illustrate this state of affairs by a miscellany of episodes that have marked the last eighteen months.We begin with the Msini case. Mr Msini is a crippled African who works, I believe as a night watchman, for a firm in Wellington, about forty miles from Cape Town.
GNSS Geodesy Quantifies Water‐Storage Gains and Drought Improvements in California Spurred by Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Martens Hilary R. , Lau Nicholas , Swarr Matthew J. , Argus Donald F. , Cao Qian , Young Zachary M. , Borsa Adrian A. , Pan Ming , Wilson Anna M. , Knappe Ellen , Ralph F. Martin , Gardner W. Payton 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) deliver significant and essential precipitation to the western United States (US) with consequential interannual variability. The intensity and frequency of ARs strongly influence reservoir levels, mountain snowpack, and groundwater recharge, which are key drivers of water‐resource availability and natural hazards. Between October 2022 and April 2023, western states experienced exceptionally heavy precipitation from several families of powerful ARs. Using observations of surface‐loading deformation from Global Navigation Satellite Systems, we find that terrestrial water‐storage gains exceeded 100% of normal within vital California watersheds. Independent water‐storage solutions derived from different data‐analysis and inversion methods provide an important measure of precision. The sustained storage increases, which we show are closely associated with ARs at daily‐to‐weekly timescales, alleviated both meteorological and hydrological drought conditions in the region, with a lag in hydrological‐drought improvements. Quantifying water‐storage recovery associated with extreme precipitation after drought advances understanding of an increasingly variable hydrologic cycle.
Subtropical Foehn Winds, Southeast Queensland, Australia
Authors: Wiesner Leon , McGowan Hamish , Sturman Andrew , Dale Tony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFoehn winds have been a focus of research in mid‐latitude mountainous regions for more than 150 years, where their onset is typically associated with warm, dry, and gusty winds. This research has now extended into high latitude regions, yet research of foehn winds in subtropical and tropical regions remains scarce. Here we present results from the first investigation of foehn winds in the subtropics of Southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Analysis of meteorological records found that foehn winds occur throughout the year with peak frequency and duration in late winter (August) associated with the passage of shortwave troughs over southern Australia. Modeling of wind fields and atmospheric boundary layer conditions for three case studies was conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results showed foehn events in SEQ can be associated with mountain waves and hydraulic jump features in the lee of topographic barriers. Over lee slopes, acceleration of wind speeds and topographic channeling of foehn winds was found to occur, along with substantial increases in air temperature, and decreases in relative humidity. Warming of the foehn airstream is believed to occur primarily through isentropic drawdown with a likely contribution from surface sensible heat flux. Recommendations for future research are made in light of the importance of foehn winds to wildfire management and mitigation in SEQ.
More Heavy Precipitation in World Urban Regions Captured Through a Two‐Way Subgrid Land‐Atmosphere Coupling Framework in the NCAR CESM2
Authors: Liu Shu , Han Yilun , Wang Peng , Zhang Guang J. , Wang Bin , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent global climate models (GCMs), limited to grid‐scale land‐atmosphere coupling, cannot represent subgrid urban‐rural precipitation contrasts. This study develops an innovative two‐way subgrid land‐atmosphere coupling framework in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to explicitly resolve land‐atmosphere interaction over subgrid individual land units. Results show that urban heat island (UHI) leads to the urban rainfall effect (URE), which in turn alleviates overestimated UHI over China in CESM2. The URE manifests as a shift toward more heavy precipitation and less light precipitation in world urban areas than in surrounding rural counterparts. This feature is consistent with available observations. In heavy precipitation situations, the UHI promotes atmospheric instability and enhances atmospheric water vapor holding capacity, resulting in more heavy precipitation in urban areas. Conversely, in light precipitation situations, the UHI and decreased evaporation from urban impermeable surfaces diminish atmospheric relative humidity, suppressing light precipitation.
Energetic Charged Particle Measurements During Juno's Two Close Io Flybys
Authors: Paranicas C. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Kollmann P. , Nénon Q. , Ebert R. W. , Szalay J. R. , Sulaiman A. H. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn days 2023‐364 and 2024‐034, the Juno spacecraft made close passages of Jupiter's moon Io, at altitudes of about 1,500 km. Data obtained from the first flyby, when the spacecraft was on magnetic field lines connected to both Jupiter and Io, revealed deep flux decreases. In addition, Juno's energetic particle detectors observed tens to hundreds of keV electron and proton beams. Such beams could be generated near Jupiter on field lines associated with Io. The second encounter occurred in the plasma wake and a more modest flux decrease was observed. Furthermore, data from both encounters suggest a spatially extensive decrease in >1 MeV electrons that includes regions inward of Io's orbit. In the immediate vicinity of Io, signatures of absorption likely dominate the data whereas diffusion and wave‐particle interactions are expected to be needed to understand MeV electron data in the wider spatial region around Io.
Compaction Creep and Evolution of Transport Properties of Carbonate Fault Gouges During the Percolation of CO2‐Rich Fluids
Authors: Duan Qingbao , Chen Jianye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo investigate the impact of CO2‐rich fluids on compaction behaviors and transport properties in carbonate fault zones, we conducted compaction‐coupled fluid flow experiments with CO2‐rich fluids percolating precompacted calcite aggregates. Our findings reveal distinct responses among samples subjected to different fluid conditions. Specifically, samples exposed to dry conditions exhibited negligible compaction strain, while those under wet‐closed conditions displayed relatively minor strain. In contrast, samples subjected to flow‐through conditions demonstrated significant compaction strain, with strain rates higher by 2–3 orders of magnitude than closed conditions due to enhanced pressure solution, subcritical cracking, and chemical dissolution. Strain rate, permeability, and grain size distribution exhibited spontaneous variations in response to fluid flow and compaction. Microstructures and mechanical and transport data suggest that deformation during the initial infiltration of CO2‐rich fluids was dominated by subcritical cracking, followed by pressure solution as grain size evolved, which resulted in compaction and reduced permeability. The persistent infiltration of CO2‐rich fluids further enhanced inhomogeneous dissolution‐precipitation with preferred dissolution channels serving as fluid pathways. The re‐precipitations may cement fault rocks and form low permeability seals, resulting in anisotropic fluid flow and localized fluid pressure in fault zones. As applied to nature, our results provide experimental evidence for the evolution of internal structures and transport behaviors, shedding important light on the mechanisms and sealing potential of carbonate faults in response to the infiltration of CO2‐rich fluids during the post‐seismic and inter‐seismic processes.
Geostatistical Inversion for Subsurface Characterization Using Stein Variational Gradient Descent With Autoencoder Neural Network: An Application to Geologic Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Grana Dario , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeophysical subsurface characterization plays a key role in the success of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS). While deterministic inversion methods are commonly used due to their computational efficiency, they often fail to adequately quantify the model uncertainty, which is essential for informed decision‐making and risk mitigation in GCS projects. In this study, we propose the SVGD‐AE method, a novel geostatistical inversion approach that integrates geophysical data with prior geological knowledge to estimate subsurface properties. SVGD‐AE combines Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) for sampling high‐dimensional distributions with an autoencoder (AE) neural network for re‐parameterizing reservoir models, aiming to accurately preserve geologic characteristics of reservoir models derived from prior knowledge. Through a synthetic example of pre‐stack seismic inversion, we demonstrate that the SVGD‐AE method outperforms traditional probabilistic methods, particularly in inverse problems with complex posterior distributions. Then, we apply the SVGD‐AE method to the Illinois Basin—Decatur Project (IBDP), a large‐scale CO2 storage initiative in Decatur, Illinois, USA. The resulting petrophysical models with quantified uncertainty enhance our understanding of subsurface properties and have broad implications for the feasibility, decision making, and long‐term safety of CO2 storage at the IBDP.
Circadian disruption reduces MUC4 expression via the clock molecule BMAL1 during dry eye development
Authors: Zeng Hao , Yang Xue , Liao Kai , Zuo Xin , Liang Lihong , He Dalian , Ju Rong , Wang Bowen , Yuan Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCircadian disruption, as a result of shiftwork, jet lag, and other lifestyle factors, is a common public health problem associated with a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In the present study, we established a chronic jet lag model using a time shift method every 3 days and assessed the effects of circadian disruption on ocular surface homeostasis. Our results indicated that jet lag increased corneal epithelial defects, cell apoptosis, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, the volume of tear secretion and the number of conjunctival goblet cells did not significantly change after 30 days of jet lag. Moreover, further analysis of the pathogenic mechanism using RNA sequencing revealed that jet lag caused corneal transmembrane mucin deficiency, specifically MUC4 deficiency. The crucial role of MUC4 in pathogenic progression was demonstrated by the protection of corneal epithelial cells and the inhibition of inflammatory activation following MUC4 replenishment. Unexpectedly, genetic ablation of BMAL1 in mice caused MUC4 deficiency and dry eye disease. The underlying mechanism was revealed in cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro, where BMAL1 silencing reduced MUC4 expression, and BMAL1 overexpression increased MUC4 expression. Furthermore, melatonin, a circadian rhythm restorer, had a therapeutic effect on jet lag-induced dry eye by restoring the expression of BMAL1, which upregulated MUC4. Thus, we generated a novel dry eye mouse model induced by circadian disruption, elucidated the underlying mechanism, and identified a potential clinical treatment.
The impact of REM sleep loss on human brain connectivity
Authors: Di Tianqi , Zhang Libo , Meng Shiqiu , Liu Wangyue , Guo Yang , Zheng Enyu , Xie Chao , Xiang Shitong , Jia Tianye , Lu Lin , Sun Yan , Shi Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrain function is vulnerable to the consequences of inadequate sleep, an adverse trend that is increasingly prevalent. The REM sleep phase has been implicated in coordinating various brain structures and is hypothesized to have potential links to brain variability. However, traditional imaging research have encountered challenges in attributing specific brain region activity to REM sleep, remained understudied at the whole-brain connectivity level. Through the spilt-night paradigm, distinct patterns of REM sleep phases were observed among the full-night sleep group (n = 36), the early-night deprivation group (n = 41), and the late-night deprivation group (n = 36). We employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to delineate the effects of REM sleep deprivation on the functional connectivity of the brain (REM connectome) during its resting state. The REM sleep-brain connectome was characterized by stronger connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and visual networks, while fewer predictive edges were observed. Notably, connections such as those between the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and the auditory network, as well as between the subcortex and visual networks, also made significant contributions. These findings elucidate the neural signatures of REM sleep loss and reveal common connectivity patterns across individuals, validated at the group level.
Factors underlying the neurofunctional domains of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment assessed by a standardized neurocognitive battery
Authors: Gunawan Tommy , Luk Jeremy W. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Kwako Laura E. , Vinson Tonette , Horneffer Yvonne , George David T. , Koob George F. , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Diazgranados Nancy , Goldman David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a neurobiologically-informed framework designed to understand the etiology and heterogeneity of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Previous studies validated the three neurofunctional domains of ANA: Incentive Salience (IS), Negative Emotionality (NE) and Executive Function (EF) using secondary data. The present cross-sectional observational study assessed these domains in an independent, prospective clinical sample. Adults across the drinking spectrum (N = 300) completed the ANA battery, a standardized collection of behavioral tasks and self-report assessments. Factor analyses were used to identify latent factors underlying each domain. Associations between identified domain factors were evaluated using structural equation models. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were used to determine factors with the strongest ability to classify individuals with problematic drinking and AUD. We found (1) two factors underlie the IS domain: alcohol motivation and alcohol insensitivity. (2) Three factors were identified for the NE domain: internalizing, externalizing, and psychological strength. (3) Five factors were found for the EF domain: inhibitory control, working memory, rumination, interoception, and impulsivity. (4) These ten factors showed varying degrees of cross-correlations, with alcohol motivation, internalizing, and impulsivity exhibiting the strongest correlations. (5) Alcohol motivation, alcohol insensitivity, and impulsivity showed the greatest ability in classifying individuals with problematic drinking and AUD. Thus, the present study identified unique factors underlying each ANA domain assessed using a standardized assessment battery. These results revealed additional dimensionality to the ANA domains, bringing together different constructs from the field into a single cohesive framework and advancing the field of addiction phenotyping. Future work will focus on identifying neurobiological correlates and identifying AUD subtypes based on these factors.