bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating user interaction strength in distributed online networks
Authors: Jia Adele Lu , Schoon Boudewijn , Pouwelse Johan A. , Epema Dick H. J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryUser interactions are indispensable for any online network to thrive, especially for BitTorrent‐like and Web real‐time communication‐based distributed online networks that rely on users' collective contributions instead of the help of central servers. User interactions provide fine‐grained information for many applications, such as security enhancement and cooperation promotion. To date, several schemes for estimating user interaction strength in centralized online networks have been proposed. In contrast, we present design, deployment, and analysis of UISE for user interaction strength estimation in distributed online networks. Among the strong points of UISE is that it captures both direct and indirect user interactions, and that it scales with only partial information dissemination. We apply UISE to devise the first distributed scheme for online time estimation and we implement it into Tribler, a distributed online network for media and social applications like file sharing, streaming, and voting. We demonstrate the accuracy and the scalability of UISE with different information dissemination protocols and user behaviors using simulations, emulations, and a real‐world deployment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frailty may be a risk marker for adverse outcome in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Yamada Sumio , Kamiya Kuniyasu , Kono Yuji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine the availability of frailty concept with objective criteria for risk stratification in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsStudy design was secondary analysis of our CHF cohort. We selected 181 patients who completed clinical assessments and were successfully followed 2‐year post discharge. To set frailty criteria, grip strength <26 kg in men and <17 kg in women (weakness) and performance measure for activities of daily living‐8 ≧21 points (exhaustion) were defined for predicting 6 min walking distance <300 m (slowness) by the receiver‐operating characteristics. During 2 years of follow up, subjects who met all the criteria had a 4 times greater risk of cardiac event compared with those with no frailty criteria.ConclusionThe findings of present study suggest that frailty criteria may serve as a new clinical marker for management of patients with CHF.
Artificial Diiron Enzymes with a De Novo Designed Four‐Helix Bundle Structure
Authors: Chino Marco , Maglio Ornella , Nastri Flavia , Pavone Vincenzo , DeGrado William F. , Lombardi Angela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Angela Lombardi at the University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy. The cover image shows a construction site where workers are building up a four‐helix bundle scaffold. Fine‐tuning of the metal binding site, which is the heart of the construction, enables a specific function, such as oxidative chemistry. This approach has been successfully employed to develop diiron–oxo protein models.
Biological Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Vashi Preeti 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEurJIC, with Guest Editors Ebbe Nordlander and Wesley Browne, offers a collection of high‐quality papers clustered around the theme Biological Oxidation Reactions – Mechanisms and Design of New Catalysts. This cluster issue is based on the COST Action CM1003 with the same name and presents the advances in designing new biological, biomimetic and bioinspired catalysts.
Fluoren‐9‐ylidene‐Based Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tigreros Alexis , Rivera‐Nazario Danisha M. , Ortiz Alejandro , Martin Nazario , Insuasty Braulio , Echegoyen Luis A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThree new dyes (1–3) with a triarylamine electron donor, a cyanoacrylic acid moiety as both electron acceptor and anchoring group, and a fluorene‐9‐ylidene moiety as an antenna were synthesized, and their electrochemical, photophysical, and photovoltaic properties were evaluated. Despite minor differences in absorption properties, as the starburst shape of the dyes increases and highly hindered hydrophobic groups are introduced, the measured open‐cell voltage (Voc) increased noticeably from 0.79 to 0.83 V, and the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) value increased from 3.98 to 4.73 %.
Circular Dichroism and TDDFT Investigation of Chiral Fluorinated Aryl Benzyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Berardozzi Roberto , Guido Ciro A. , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Cardellicchio Cosimo , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA series of ten chiral aryl benzyl sulfoxides with perfluorinated aryl or benzyl rings, obtained by enantioselective oxidation of sulfides, has been investigated by means of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. The (per)fluorination of the aromatic rings has a large impact on the conformer population, the molecular orbitals shape, and the character of electronic transitions. In this series, the transition responsible for the “sulfoxide primary” CD band has a large charge transfer (CT) character, as demonstrated by the CT metric index ΓNTO. As a consequence, global DFT hybrids such as B3LYP are largely inaccurate in the prediction of excited states; nevertheless, a correct simulation of CD spectra may be achieved by using range‐separated functionals such as CAM‐B3LYP. The use of the empirical Mislow's rule for assigning the absolute configuration is strongly discouraged for this class of compounds.
Tetrasulfonated 1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane as a Building Block for the Synthesis of Disulfonated Alkyldiphenylphosphanes
Authors: Denis Julien , Ferreira Michel , Bricout Hervé , Machut Cécile , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new and convenient route to various water‐soluble alkyldiphenylphosphanes is proposed starting from tetrasulfonated 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (DPPETS). DPPETS is alkylated and then cleaved to give the disulfonated alkyldiphenylphosphane. This methodology allowed the production of disulfonated n‐octyl, n‐dodecyl, n‐hexadecyl, phenethyl, and but‐3‐enyl diphenylphosphanes with satisfactory yields.
An energy‐aware load‐balanced routing protocol for ad hoc M2M communications
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Anpalagan Alagan , Guo Lei , Khwaja Ahmed Shaharyar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMachine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications will become ubiquitous in the future Internet of Things, and it is important that current wireless networks are developed to support M2M communications. In this paper, we propose an energy‐aware load‐balanced routing protocol for ad hoc M2M communications. Routing is a challenging issue in ad hoc M2M communication networks due to a large number of machine‐type communication (MTC) devices and a lack of infrastructure. Wireless nodes that are used as MTC devices are powered by batteries only. This makes energy efficiency a major issue as each MTC device in the network acts as a router and consumes energy in the routing process. The energy consumption should be reduced to prolong the lifetime of the batteries. Most existing research on energy‐aware routing only focuses on minimising the total energy consumption from the source to the destination device, regardless of the performance degradation caused by the heavy traffic load in the network. The unbalanced traffic load distribution among devices may cause more packet loss and quick battery depletion due to the frequent usage. Unlike existing research, we classify the devices as energy‐critical and load‐critical devices and protect them from participating in the routing frequently. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing protocol significantly increases the packet delivery ratio, reduces delay and prolongs the network lifetime compared to ad hoc on‐demand distance vector and dynamic source routing in the heavy load network. Energy‐aware load‐balanced can also provide better performance compared with delay‐aware MChannel and energy‐aware MChannel protocols when devices have very low energy levels in congested networks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ethics of Access: Who Is Offered a Cesarean Delivery, and Why?
Authors: Ralston Steven J. , Farrell Ruth M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMuch of the discourse in the bioethics literature on what is often called “cesarean delivery on maternal request” has focused on balancing respect for patient autonomy with attention to the short‐ and long‐term risks of this procedure to maternal and neonatal well‐being. And while there has been some analysis of the social and economic costs inherent in performing cesareans, much of the clinical and ethical analysis has concluded that, given the degree of risk to the mother and neonate from a primary or single repeat cesarean delivery, there is sufficient justification for pregnant women to request and obtain this procedure from obstetricians willing to meet such requests. However, these same analyses often caution that physicians should not offer these elective cesareans to all women, but only to those who initiate the request. This paper analyzes recommendations that do not promote universal access to these procedures and concludes that such a policy is ethically unjustifiable, as it treats women who do not inquire about such procedures differently. Depriving appropriate candidates—for example, healthy women who are good surgical candidates and desire only one or two children—of information about elective cesarean delivery is a form of undue influence on women's decision‐making.
Is there any difference in patterns of use and psychiatric symptom status between injectors and non‐injectors of mephedrone?
Authors: Kapitány‐Fövény Máté , Mervó Barbara , Kertész Máté , Corazza Ornella , Farkas Judit , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Urbán Róbert , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveIn recent years, increasing intravenous mephedrone use was reported in several countries. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of such a form of mephedrone use, while identifying the differences between injectors and non‐injectors in patterns of mephedrone use and psychiatric symptom status.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐five mephedrone users were surveyed on patterns of mephedrone use using a structured questionnaire as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory.ResultsMajority of users received mephedrone from acquaintances and used it in discos/parties settings regarding both first and current mephedrone use. Intranasal use was the most typical route of administration (84.4%). Injectors (11%) used the drug more frequently and in higher dosages. This group included a greater proportion of opiate users (37.5%) and showed more diffuse psychiatric symptoms. Regarding the predictors of being an injector, heroin use showed the highest odds ratio.ConclusionsIntravenous mephedrone use is associated with a higher risk of harmful drug use, elevated psychiatric symptom profile and increased possibility of mephedrone being considered as an addictive substance. These findings might be important in efficient treatment planning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence‐based care pathway for cellulitis improves process, clinical, and cost outcomes
Authors: Yarbrough Peter M. , Kukhareva Polina V. , Spivak Emily Sydnor , Hopkins Christy , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDCellulitis is a common infection with wide variation of clinical care.OBJECTIVETo implement an evidence‐based care pathway and evaluate changes in process metrics, clinical outcomes, and cost for cellulitis.DESIGNA retrospective observational pre‐/postintervention study was performed.SETTINGUniversity of Utah Health Care, a 500‐bed academic medical center in Salt Lake City, Utah.PATIENTSAll patients 18 years or older admitted to the emergency department observation unit or hospital with a primary diagnosis of cellulitis.INTERVENTIONDevelopment of an evidence‐based care pathway for cellulitis embedded into the electronic medical record with education for all emergency and internal medicine physicians.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcome of broad‐spectrum antibiotic use. Secondary outcomes of computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging orders, length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission, and pharmacy, lab, imaging, and total facility costs.RESULTSA total of 677 visits occurred, including 370 visits where order sets were used. Among all patients, there was a 59% decrease in the odds of ordering broad‐spectrum antibiotics (P < 0.001), 23% decrease in pharmacy cost (P = 0.002), and 13% decrease in total facility cost (P = 0.006). Compared to patients for whom order sets were not used, patients for whom order sets were used had a 75%, 13%, and 25% greater decrease in the odds of ordering broad‐spectrum antibiotics (P < 0.001), clinical LOS (P = 0.041), and pharmacy costs (P = 0.074), respectively.CONCLUSIONThe evidence‐based care pathway for cellulitis improved care at an academic medical center by reducing broad‐spectrum antibiotic use, pharmacy costs, and total facility costs without an adverse change in LOS or 30‐day readmissions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:780–786. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Longitudinal three‐dimensional‐T2WI‐SPACE study on wallerian degeneration in cat corticospinal tract and underlying pathology changes
Authors: Zhang Min , Qin Wen , Piao Yueshan , Guo Deyu , Zhu Zixin , Tian Xin , Li Kuncheng , Yu Chunshui 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of T2W‐SPACE technique in early detection of WD, the signal evolutions of degenerated corticospinal tract (CST) on T2W‐SPACE, and their underlying pathological changes.Materials and MethodsThe WD model of the CST was established in 23 cats through excision of cortical origins of the tract. Eight cats were scanned with the T2W‐SPACE technique at 8 sequential time points, i.e. 0 (before modeling), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 days after modeling, and then they were pathologically examined. The remaining 15 cats (3 per group) also underwent pathological examination at 2, 4, 6, 10 and 20 days after modeling, respectively. The ratios of T2 signal intensity (rT2s) between the affected and unaffected sides of CST were analyzed.ResultsDuring the first 4 days, SPACE could not detect any significant changes of the affected CST, although axonal degeneration was pathologically observed at the second day. From 6 to 10 days, the rT2s decreased monotonously, which is corresponded to histological findings of myelin degeneration and phagocyte proliferation. From 10 to 20 days, rT2s kept relatively stable at a low level and started to recover after that; the pathological changes of this period was characterized by marked phagocytizing activities.ConclusionSPACE technique can detect Wallerian degeneration at an early stage, and the signal evolution is consistent with the pathological processes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1134–1143.
Global change at the landscape level: relating regional and landscape‐scale drivers of historical climate trends in the Southern Appalachians
Authors: Lesser Mark R. , Fridley Jason D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTOrganisms in montane environments are sensitive to fine‐scale climatic variation associated with highly dissected topography, yet few studies have examined the sensitivity of different landscape positions to climate change. We downscaled biologically significant temperature variables to below‐canopy 30 m resolution and assessed temporal trends from 1980 to 2011 across elevation and topographic gradients in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP; Tennessee and North Carolina, USA) using a previously developed empirical model derived from a 120‐sensor temperature network. Additionally, we assessed GSMNP climate trends from 1900 using six historical climate records from the region and an additional eight records from 1980, spanning the Park's elevation gradient. Regional temperatures increased through the 1980s and 1990s, but currently remain at or below those recorded in the early to mid‐20th century and are strongly associated with different phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. In contrast, annual and growing season precipitation steadily rose during the past century. Landscape‐scale analysis showed that rates of change for maximum seasonal temperatures, frost‐free days (FFD), and growing degree days were strongly mediated by topographic position, with high‐elevation ridges having greater rates of maximum temperature increases, whereas high‐elevation near‐stream positions showed the least amount of increase in FFD and growing degree days. Most importantly, we show how modelled differences in rates of climatic change based on landscape position could have significant ecological effects in this biologically significant region, depending on how organisms respond to particular climate factors. Organisms that depend on growing season length may experience the largest climate effects at the lowest elevations, while those that depend on warm days in spring and autumn for particular phenological processes will experience the largest shifts at high‐elevation ridges.
Predicting carbon isotope discrimination in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) from the environmental parameters—light, flow, and [DIC]
Authors: McPherson Meredith L. , Zimmerman Richard C. , Hill Victoria. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIsotopic discrimination against 13C during photosynthesis is determined by a combination of environmental conditions and physiological mechanisms that control delivery of CO2 to RUBISCO. This study investigated the effects of light, flow, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, and its speciation, on photosynthetic carbon assimilation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) using a combination of laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations leading to a mechanistic understanding of environmental conditions that influence leaf carbon uptake and determine leaf stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C). Photosynthesis was saturated with respect to flow at low velocity (∼ 3 cm s−1), but was strongly influenced by [DIC], and particularly aqueous CO2 (CO2(aq)) under all flow conditions. The non‐linear responses of light‐ and flow‐saturated photosynthesis to [DIC] were used to quantify the maximum physiological capacity for photosynthesis, and to determine the degree of photosynthetic carbon limitation for light‐saturated photosynthesis, which provided a mechanistic pathway for modeling regulation of carbon uptake and 13C discrimination. Model predictions of δ13C spanned the typical range of values reported for a variety of seagrass taxa, and were most sensitive to [DIC] (predominantly [CO2(aq)]) and flow, but less sensitive to DIC source [CO2(aq) vs.
]. These results provide a predictive understanding of the role of key environmental parameters (light, flow, and DIC availability) can have in driving δ13C of seagrasses, which will become increasingly important for predicting the response of these ecosystem engineers to local processes that affect light availability and flow, as well as global impacts of climate warming and ocean acidification in the Anthropocene.
Facile and Quantitative Synthesis of a Poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐Poly(l‐arginine) Block Copolymer and Its Use for the Preparation of Polyion Complex Micelles with Polyanions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kudo Shinpei , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: July 2015

Though l‐arginine‐containing polymers show versatile biological functions, a precisely controlled synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐arginine) (PEG‐b‐PArg) block copolymers has not been reported. Here, an effective method for the synthesis of PEG‐b‐PArg block copolymers is developed. In order to obtain PEG‐b‐PArg, a two‐step reaction, i.e., synthesis of PEG‐b‐poly(l‐ornithine) is employed, followed by guanidinylation with N,N′‐bis(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxamidine. This procedure quantitatively converts amino groups to guanidium groups at the side chains of peptide segments under mild conditions. Polyion complex (PIC) micelles are prepared by mixing the positively charged PEG‐b‐PArg with negatively charged homo‐polyelectrolytes such as hyaluronic acid (HA) or chondroitin sulfate C (CS). PIC micelles prepared with CS show a higher stability than those prepared with HA, probably due to strong interactions between guanidium cations in PEG‐b‐PArg and carboxylate/sulfate in CS. Thus, PIC micelles containing PArg are a potentially effective arginine carrier for the development of in vivo therapeutic applications for various diseases related to nitric oxide, which is generated from inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages using l‐arginine as a substrate.
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Bioactivity characterization of Lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products
Authors: Haghshenas Babak , Nami Yousef , Haghshenas Minoo , Abdullah Norhafizah , Rosli Rozita , Radiah Dayang , Yari Khosroushahi Ahmad 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to find candidate strains of Lactobacillus isolated from sheep dairy products (yogurt and ewe colostrum) with probiotic and anticancer activity. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected from yogurt and colostrum and 125 lactic acid bacteria were isolated. Of these, 17 Lactobacillus strains belonging to five species (L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. casei) were identified. L. plantarum 17C and 13C, which isolated from colostrums, demonstrated remarkable results such as resistant to low pH and high concentrations of bile salts, susceptible to some antibiotics and good antimicrobial activity that candidate them as potential probiotics. Seven strains (1C, 5C, 12C, 13C, 17C, 7M, and 40M), the most resistant to simulated digestion, were further investigated to evaluate their capability to adhere to human intestinal Caco‐2 cells. L. plantarum 17C was the most adherent strain. The bioactivity assessment of L. plantarum 17C showed anticancer effects via the induction of apoptosis on HT‐29 human cancer cells and negligible side effects on one human epithelial normal cell line (FHs 74). The metabolites produced by this strain can be used as alternative pharmaceutical compounds with promising therapeutic indices because they are not cytotoxic to normal mammalian cells.
Discrete element model for crack propagation in brittle materials
Authors: Le Ba Danh , Koval Georg , Chazallon Cyrille 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe propose a discrete element model for brittle rupture. The material consists of a bidimensional set of closed‐packed particles in contact. We explore the isotropic elastic behavior of this regular structure to derive a rupture criterion compatible to continuum mechanics. We introduce a classical criterion of mixed mode crack propagation based on the value of the stress intensity factors, obtained by the analysis of two adjacent contacts near a crack tip. Hence, the toughness becomes a direct parameter of the model, without any calibration procedure. We verify the consistency of the formulation as well as its convergence by comparison with theoretical solutions of tensile cracks, a pre‐cracked beam, and an inclined crack under biaxial stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.