bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centip3De
Authors: Dreslinski Ronald G. , Fick David , Giridhar Bharan , Kim Gyouho , Seo Sangwon , Fojtik Matthew , Satpathy Sudhir , Lee Yoonmyung , Kim Daeyeon , Liu Nurrachman , Wieckowski Michael , Chen Gregory , Sylvester Dennis , Blaauw David , Mudge Trevor 
Published: October 2013

Process scaling has resulted in an exponential increase of the number of transistors available to designers. Meanwhile, global interconnect has not scaled nearly as well, because global wires scale only in one dimension instead of two, resulting in fewer, high-resistance routing tracks. This paper evaluates the use of three-dimensional (3D) integration to reduce global interconnect by adding multiple layers of silicon with vertical connections between them using through-silicon vias (TSVs). Because global interconnect can be millimeters long, and silicon layers tend to be only tens of microns thick in 3D stacked processes, the power and performance gains by using vertical interconnect can be substantial. To address the thermal issues that arise with 3D integration, this paper also evaluates the use of near-threshold computing---operating the system at a supply voltage just above the threshold voltage of the transistors.
Specifically, we will discuss the design and test of Centip3De, a large-scale 3D-stacked near-threshold chip multiprocessor. Centip3De uses Tezzaron's 3D stacking technology in conjunction with Global Foundries' 130 nm process. The Centip3De design comprises 128 ARM Cortex-M3 cores and 256MB of integrated DRAM. Silicon measurements are presented for a 64-core version of the design.<!-- END_PAGE_1 -->
Internet Use and Cancer-Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Xavier Andre Junqueira , d'Orsi Eleonora , Wardle Jane , Demakakos Panayotes , Smith Samuel G. , von Wagner Christian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: The Internet is a key provider of health information, but little is known about its associations with cancer-preventive behaviors. This study investigated the associations between Internet use and cancer-preventive behaviors among older adults.
Methods: Data were taken from Waves 1 to 5 (2002–2011) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, a cohort study of men and women 50 years or older in England, United Kingdom. Internet use was recorded at each wave. Breast and colorectal screening, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and smoking were recorded at Wave 5. Social, cognitive, and physical function variables recorded at Wave 1 were analyzed as predictors of Internet use and included as covariates in analyses linking Internet use to behavior.
Results: Of 5,943 respondents, 41.4% did not report any Internet use, 38.3% reported using it in one to three waves (“intermittent users”), and 20.3% used it in all waves (“consistent users”). Internet use was higher in younger, male, White, wealthier, more educated respondents, and those without physical limitations. Multivariable analysis showed that consistent users were more likely than “never users” to report CRC screening, weekly moderate/vigorous physical activity, and five or more daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and less likely to report smoking. There was no significant association between Internet use and breast screening.
Conclusions: Internet use showed a quantitative association with cancer-preventive behaviors even after controlling for various social, cognitive, and physical correlates of Internet use.
Impact: Promoting Internet use among older adults from all backgrounds could contribute to improving cancer outcomes and reducing inequalities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 2066–74. ©2013 AACR.
Spontaneous Swallowing Frequency Has Potential to Identify Dysphagia in Acute Stroke
Authors: Crary Michael A. , Carnaby Giselle D. , Sia Isaac , Khanna Anna , Waters Michael F. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Spontaneous swallowing frequency has been described as an index of dysphagia in various health conditions. This study evaluated the potential of spontaneous swallow frequency analysis as a screening protocol for dysphagia in acute stroke.

Methods—
In a cohort of 63 acute stroke cases, swallow frequency rates (swallows per minute [SPM]) were compared with stroke and swallow severity indices, age, time from stroke to assessment, and consciousness level. Mean differences in SPM were compared between patients with versus without clinically significant dysphagia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the optimal threshold in SPM, which was compared with a validated clinical dysphagia examination for identification of dysphagia cases. Time series analysis was used to identify the minimally adequate time period to complete spontaneous swallow frequency analysis.

Results—
SPM correlated significantly with stroke and swallow severity indices but not with age, time from stroke onset, or consciousness level. Patients with dysphagia demonstrated significantly lower SPM rates. SPM differed by dysphagia severity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a threshold of SPM≤0.40 that identified dysphagia (per the criterion referent) with 0.96 sensitivity, 0.68 specificity, and 0.96 negative predictive value. Time series analysis indicated that a 5- to 10-minute sampling window was sufficient to calculate spontaneous swallow frequency to identify dysphagia cases in acute stroke.

Conclusions—
Spontaneous swallowing frequency presents high potential to screen for dysphagia in acute stroke without the need for trained, available personnel.
Subarachnoid Extension of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and 90-Day Outcomes in INTERACT2
Authors: Chen Guofang , Arima Hisatomi , Wu Guojun , Heeley Emma , Delcourt Candice , Zhang Peiying , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Robinson Thompson , Stapf Christian , Huang Yining , Song Lili , Yang Jie , Wang Xia , Li Qiang , Chen Xiaoying , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
The prognostic significance of subarachnoid extension of intracerebral hemorrhage was determined in the INTEnsive blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2) study.

Methods—
INTERACT2 was an open randomized controlled trial of early intensive compared with guideline-recommended blood pressure lowering in patients with elevated systolic blood pressure within 6 hours of intracerebral hemorrhage. Independent predictors of death or major disability (scores 3–6 on the modified Rankin Scale) at 90 days were analyzed in logistic regression models.

Results—

Of 2582 participants, 192 (7%) had subarachnoid extension, which was associated with larger hematoma volumes (
P
<0.0001) and higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (
P
<0.0001). Subarachnoid extension predicted death or major disability at 90 days (71% versus 53%; unadjusted odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.10;
P
<0.0001). The association remained significant after adjusting for age, region, lipid-lowering therapy, systolic blood pressure, glucose, location of hematoma, intraventricular extension, and randomized treatment (odds ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–3.14;
P
<0.0001), but not after further adjustment for baseline hematoma volume (
P
=0.62).

Conclusions—
Subarachnoid extension of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with poor prognosis, which is determined by a larger volume of the underlying intraparenchymal hematoma.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00716079.
Deontostoma tridentum n. sp. (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand
Authors: LEDUC DANIEL 
Published: October 2013

Deontostoma tridentum n. sp. is described from epibenthic (Brenke) sledge samples obtained from the continental slope of New Zealand at 570 and 1007 m water depths, and details of the ultrastructure are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). D. tridentum n. sp. is characterised by having a large buccal cavity with greatly reduced or inconspicuous odontia, one large dorsal onchium and two smaller subventral onchia, cephalic capsule without interlobar incisions with posteriorly-directed arms, ventral pre-cloacal supplement situated 200–215 mm anterior to cloaca, and gubernaculum with triangular crurae and curved proximal portion. Deontostoma tridentum n. sp. can be differentiated from all species of the genus based on the presence of two subventral onchia in the buccal cavity (absent in all other species). It is most similar to D. coptochilus in the presence of a large buccal cavity with a prominent dorsal onchium, structure of the cephalic capsule, and structure of the microlabia (i.e., subventral microlabia completely divided by mandibular ridge and dorsal microlabium not completely divided by mandibular ridge). D. tridentum n. sp. differs from the latter in the presence of crurae (absent in D. coptochilus), absence of ocelli (present in D. coptochilus), and in the position and structure of the ventral pre-cloacal supplement.
A Crop Model and Fuzzy Rule Based Approach for Optimizing Maize Planting Dates in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Waongo Moussa , Laux Patrick , Traoré Seydou B. , Sanon Moussa , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn sub-Saharan Africa, with its high rainfall variability and limited irrigation options, the crop planting date is a crucial tactical decision for farmers and therefore a major concern in agricultural decision making. To support decision making in rainfed agriculture, a new approach has been developed to optimize crop planting date. The General Large-Area Model for Annual Crops (GLAM) has been used for the first time to simulate maize yields in West Africa. It is used in combination with fuzzy logic rules to give more flexibility in crop planting date computation when compared with binary logic methods. A genetic algorithm is applied to calibrate the crop model and to optimize the planting dates at the end. The process for optimizing planting dates results in an ensemble of optimized planting rules. This principle of ensemble members leads to a time window of optimized planting dates for a single year and thereby potentially increases the willingness of farmers to adopt this approach. The optimized planting date (OPD) approach is compared with two well-established methods in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggest earlier planting dates across Burkina Faso, ranging from 10 to 20 days for the northern and central part and less than 10 days for the southern part. With respect to the potential yields, the OPD approach indicates that an average increase in maize potential yield of around 20% could be obtained in water-limited regions in Burkina Faso. The implementation of the presented approach in agricultural decision support is expected to have the potential to improve agricultural risk management in these regions dominated by rainfed agriculture and characterized by high rainfall variability.
The Sea Spray Contribution to Sensible Heat Flux
Authors: Richter David H. , Sullivan Peter P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Couette flow are combined with Lagrangian point-particle tracking to investigate the effects of a dispersed phase on bulk passive heat transport when the two phases can exchange both momentum and sensible heat. The idealized setup allows a fixed number of particles, without the influence of gravity, to be transported by carrier-phase motions across the mean velocity and temperature gradients that exist between the solid boundaries of turbulent Couette flow. In this way, the setup serves as a model of spray in a shear-dominated layer in the immediate vicinity of the water surface and provides insight into the ability of spray to enhance sensible heat fluxes. The authors find that the dispersed phase contributes a relatively large amount of vertical heat transport and increases the total heat flux across the domain by 25% or greater. Particles that accumulate in regions associated with wall-normal ejections efficiently carry heat across the channel. Furthermore, the authors find that the relative contribution of the dispersed-phase heat flux becomes larger with Reynolds number, suggesting an importance at atmospheric scales.
Relationships between Southeast Australian Temperature Anomalies and Large-Scale Climate Drivers
Authors: Fierro Alexandre O. , Leslie Lance M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Over the past century, particularly after the 1960s, observations of mean maximum temperatures reveal an increasing trend over the southeastern quadrant of the Australian continent. Correlation analysis of seasonally averaged mean maximum temperature anomaly data for the period 1958–2012 is carried out for a representative group of 10 stations in southeast Australia (SEAUS). For the warm season (November–April) there is a positive relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and an inverse relationship with the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) for most stations. For the cool season (May–October), most stations exhibit similar relationships with the AAO, positive correlations with the dipole mode index (DMI), and marginal inverse relationships with the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and the PDO. However, for both seasons, the blocking index (BI, as defined by M. Pook and T. Gibson) in the Tasman Sea (160°E) clearly is the dominant climate mode affecting maximum temperature variability in SEAUS with negative correlations in the range from r = −0.30 to −0.65. These strong negative correlations arise from the usual definition of BI, which is positive when blocking high pressure systems occur over the Tasman Sea (near 45°S, 160°E), favoring the advection of modified cooler, higher-latitude maritime air over SEAUS.
A point-by-point correlation with global sea surface temperatures (SSTs), principal component analysis, and wavelet power spectra support the relationships with ENSO and DMI. Notably, the analysis reveals that the maximum temperature variability of one group of stations is explained primarily by local factors (warmer near-coastal SSTs), rather than teleconnections with large-scale drivers.
Atmospheric Rivers and Cool Season Extreme Precipitation Events in the Verde River Basin of Arizona
Authors: Rivera Erick R. , Dominguez Francina , Castro Christopher L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Inland-penetrating atmospheric rivers (ARs) can affect the southwestern United States and significantly contribute to cool season (November–March) precipitation. In this work, a climatological characterization of AR events that have led to cool season extreme precipitation in the Verde River basin (VRB) in Arizona for the period 1979/80–2010/11 is presented. A “bottom up” approach is used by first evaluating extreme daily precipitation in the basin associated with AR occurrence, then identifying the two dominant AR patterns (referred to as Type 1 and Type 2, respectively) using a combined EOF statistical analysis. The results suggest that AR events in the Southwest do not form and develop in the same regions. Water vapor content in Type 1 ARs is obtained from the tropics near Hawaii (central Pacific) and enhanced in the midlatitudes, with maximum moisture transport over the ocean at low levels of the troposphere. On the other hand, moisture in Type 2 ARs has a more direct tropical origin and meridional orientation with maximum moisture transfer at midlevels. Nonetheless, both types of ARs cross the Baja Peninsula before affecting the VRB. In addition to Type 1 and Type 2 ARs, observations reveal AR events that are a mixture of both patterns. These cases can have water vapor transport patterns with both zonal and meridional signatures, and they can also present double peaks in moisture transport at low- and midlevels. This seems to indicate that the two “types” can be interpreted as end points of a range of possible directions.
Measurement of Range-Weighting Function for Range Imaging of VHF Atmospheric Radars Using Range Oversampling
Authors: Chen Jenn-Shyong , Su Ching-Lun , Chu Yen-Hsyang , Kuong Ruey-Ming , Furumoto Jun-ichi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Multifrequency range imaging (RIM) used with the atmospheric radars at ultra- and very high-frequency (VHF) bands is capable of retrieving the power distribution of the backscattered radar echoes in the range direction, with some inversion algorithms such as the Capon method. The retrieved power distribution, however, is weighted by the range-weighting function (RWF). Modification of the retrieved power distribution with a theoretical RWF may cause overcorrection around the edge of the sampling gate. In view of this, an effective RWF that is in a Gaussian form and varies with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of radar echoes has been proposed to mitigate the range-weighting effect and thereby enhance the continuity of the power distribution at gate boundaries. Based on the previously proposed concept, an improved approach utilizing the range-oversampled signals is addressed in this article to inspect the range-weighting effects at different range locations. The shape of the Gaussian RWF for describing the range-weighting effect was found to vary with the off-center range location in addition to the SNR of radar echoes—that is, the effective RWF for the RIM was SNR and range dependent. The use of SNR- and range-dependent RWF can be of help to improve the range imaging to some degree at the range location outside the range extent of a sampling gate defined by the pulse length. To verify the proposed approach, several radar experiments were carried out with the Chung-Li (24.9°N, 121.1°E) and middle and upper atmosphere (MU; 34.85°N, 136.11°E) VHF radars.
Regulatory Authority Approaches to Deploying Quality Improvement Standards to Community Pharmacies
Authors: Boyle Todd A. , Bishop Andrea C. , Hillier Chris , Mahaffey Thomas , MacKinnon Neil J. , Zwicker Bev 
Published: October 2013

Background: Continuous quality improvement (CQI) programs provide an effective means to improve the safety and quality of community pharmacy practice. The role of formal support processes in ensuring the success of these CQI programs is explored in this research using the SafetyNET-Rx project. Objective: The primary objectives of this research were to determine how knowledge of, and confidence in, mandated CQI standards differs among pharmacies with access to formal support mechanisms and those without and the challenges faced by both. Methods: A survey questionnaire was mailed to 179 community pharmacies in Nova Scotia, Canada, in spring 2011. Quantitative results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Qualitative open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Performing the Mann-Whitney U test indicated that a number of differences exist between the 2 groups with respect to: (1) staff knowledge of reporting quality-related events (QREs) to an anonymous database; (2) conducting annual pharmacy safety self-assessments; (3) confidence in meeting these 2 elements; and (4) documenting changes to address QREs. A number of challenges were identified by respondents through the open-ended questions. Conclusions: This research highlights the value of the active provision of formal support when developing standards related to quality improvement.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy In The Cat
Authors: Stengel Christiane , Robertson Elise , Neiger Reto 
Published: October 2013

Practical relevance: Feline gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is in high demand, particularly by cat owners already aware of the clinical benefits and availability of this procedure within the human healthcare system. This article will provide a basic introduction to GI flexible endoscopy, covering important aspects of endoscope selection, clinical indications, and basic techniques required to perform a thorough and diagnostically meaningful examination in the cat. Clinical challenges: Challenges associated with implementing endoscopy in GI tract investigations can include lack of appropriate/suitable-sized equipment to perform a thorough examination in the cat, insufficient operator training/understanding in how to ‘drive the scope’ through the GI tract, and/or lack of confidence in differentiating normal from abnormal. Audience: This article is intended to familiarize and motivate the feline practitioner to develop basic endoscopic skills. Clinical proficiency can only be obtained through use of appropriate equipment, formal training and hours of practice indistinguishing normal from abnormal. Evidence base: The guidance contained in this article is based on a combination of the published literature, the authors’ personal experience and the experience of colleagues.
Lower respiratory tract endoscopy in the cat
Authors: Dear Jonathan D , Johnson Lynelle R 
Published: October 2013

Practical relevance: Respiratory endoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the airways for the presence of mass lesions or foreign material while allowing for sample collection for cytologic and microbiologic assessment. While bronchial disease (eosinophilic or neutrophilic) is the most common lower respiratory disease identified in cats, infectious, anomalous and neoplastic conditions can clinically mimic inflammatory bronchial disease. Diagnostic imaging is unable to define the etiology for clinical signs of cough, tachypnea or respiratory difficulty, necessitating visual evaluation and collection of airway samples. Endoscopy allows intervention that can be life-saving and also confirmation of disease, which is important given that life-long medication is likely to be required for management of inflammatory airway disease. Patient group: Cats with either airway or pulmonary disease benefit from laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy to determine an etiologic diagnosis. In the best situation, animals that require these procedures present early in the course of disease before clinical decompensation precludes anesthetic intervention. However, in some instances, these tests must be performed in unstable cats, which heightens the risk of the procedure. Cats that do not respond to empiric medical therapy can also benefit from bronchoscopic evaluation. Clinical challenges: Due to the small size of feline airways and the tendency for cats to develop laryngospasm, passage of endoscopic equipment can be difficult. Bronchoconstriction can lead to hemoglobin desaturation with oxygen and respiratory compromise. Evidence base: This article reviews published studies and case reports pertaining to the diagnostic approach to feline respiratory disease, focusing specifically on endoscopic examination of the lower airways in cats. It also discusses appropriate case selection, equipment, endoscopic techniques and visual findings based primarily on the authors’ experiences.