bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary malformations: a classification using specific names for specific skin disorders
Authors: Happle R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe name capillary malformation has caused much confusion because it is presently used to designate numerous quite different disorders such as naevus flammeus, the salmon patch, the vascular naevus of the hereditary ‘megalencephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome’ and the skin lesions of non‐hereditary traits such as ‘capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation’ and ‘microcephaly‐capillary malformation’. To avoid such bewilderment, the present review describes the distinguishing clinical and genetic criteria of 20 different capillary malformations, and a specific name is given to all of them. The group of capillary naevi includes naevus flammeus, port‐wine naevus of the Proteus type, port‐wine naevus of the CLOVES type, naevus roseus, rhodoid naevus, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, congenital livedo reticularis, segmental angioma serpiginosum, naevus anaemicus, naevus vascularis mixtus and angiokeratoma circumscriptum. Capillary lesions that perhaps represent naevi are the mesotropic port‐wine patch, Carter‐Mirzaa macules, unilateral punctate telangiectasia and unilateral naevoid telangiectasia of the patchy type. Capillary malformations that do not represent naevi include X‐linked angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry disease), autosomal dominant angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, hereditary angioma serpiginosusm and the salmon patch. In this way, we are able to discriminate between various non‐hereditary capillary naevi such as naevus roseus and the hereditary rhodoid naevus and several hereditary traits that do not represent naevi such as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia; between four different types of port‐wine stains, three of them being lateralized and one being mesotropic; between cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and congenital livedo reticularis; between telangiectatic naevi and the vasoconstrictive naevus anaemicus; and between two different types of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Finally, arguments are presented why the salmon patch (‘stork bite’, ‘naevus simplex’) cannot be categorized as a naevus.
Predictors of type 2 diabetes among Taiwanese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chao , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Huang Ruei‐Dian , Chan Te‐Fu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to determine the blood glucose screening rate of Taiwanese post‐partum women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and to identify the predictors of type 2 diabetes among Taiwanese women with GDM.MethodsThe medical records of 130 women with GDM, who were delivered at a hospital in southern Taiwan between 1997 and 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. The GDM diagnosis was performed according to the National Diabetes Data Group and Expert Committee Criteria. The 2010 American Diabetes Association diabetes diagnosis criteria were used to determine whether post‐partum women subsequently developed type 2 diabetes.ResultsIn total, 71 records (54.6%) included blood glucose testing after childbirth between the first month and the ninth year, and 29 records (22.3%) documented subsequent type 2 diabetes. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the patients' pre‐pregnancy body mass indices and insulin use during pregnancy were independently associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes.ConclusionIn this study, documentation during pregnancy, which could have provided beneficial insights, was limited. Healthcare professionals should develop a program to improve the post‐partum follow‐up of women diagnosed with GDM.
Zonisamide reduces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse genetic model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sano Hiromi , Murata Miho , Nambu Atsushi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and consequent motor dysfunction. Zonisamide (1,2‐benzisoxazole‐3‐methanesulfonamide), which was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug, has been found to have therapeutic benefits for PD. However, the pharmacological mechanisms behind the beneficial actions of zonisamide in PD are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of zonisamide on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the Engrailed mutant mouse, a genetic model of PD. Chronic administration of zonisamide in Engrailed mutant mice was shown to improve the survival of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons compared with that under saline treatment. In addition, dopaminergic terminals in the striatum and the motor function were improved in zonisamide‐treated Engrailed mutant mice to the levels of those in control mice. To clarify the mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects of zonisamide, the contents of neurotrophic factors were determined after chronic administration of zonisamide. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor content was increased in the striatum and ventral midbrain of the zonisamide‐treated mice compared to saline‐treated mice. These findings imply that zonisamide reduces nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell death through brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signaling and may have similar beneficial effects in human parkinsonian patients as well.
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Zonisamide (ZNS), an antiepileptic drug, has therapeutic benefits for Parkinson's disease. Chronic ZNS administration improved the survival of dopaminergic neurons and motor function in a genetic mouse model of Parkinson's disease, and increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. ZNS reduces dopaminergic cell death probably through BDNF signaling and may have similar beneficial effects in human parkinsonian patients.
Polysialic acid as an antigen for monoclonal antibody HIgM12 to treat multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Watzlawik Jens O. , Kahoud Robert J. , Ng Shermayne , Painter Meghan M. , Papke Louisa M. , Zoecklein Laurie , Wootla Bharath , Warrington Arthur E. , Carey William A. , Rodriguez Moses 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCNS regeneration is a desirable goal for diseases of brain and spinal cord. Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) aim to eliminate detrimental effects of the immune system, so far without reversing disability or affecting long‐term prognosis in patients. Approachable molecular targets that stimulate CNS repair are not part of the clinical praxis or have not been identified yet. The purpose of this study was to identify the molecular target of the human monoclonal antibody HIgM12. HIgM12 reverses motor deficits in chronically demyelinated mice, a model of MS. Here, we identified polysialic acid (PSA) attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as the antigen for HIgM12 by using different NCAM knockout strains and through PSA removal from the NCAM protein core. Antibody binding to CNS tissue and primary cells, antibody‐mediated cell adhesion, and neurite outgrowth on HIgM12‐coated nitrocellulose was detected only in the presence of PSA as assessed by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and histochemistry. We conclude that HIgM12 mediates it's in vivo and in vitro effects through binding to PSA and has the potential to be an effective therapy for MS and neurodegenerative diseases.
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The human antibody HIgM12 stimulates neurite outgrowth in vitro and promotes function in chronically demyelinated mice, a model of multiple sclerosis. The cellular antigen for HIgM12 was undetermined. Here, we identified polysialic acid attached to NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) as the cellular target for HIgM12. This includes glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive mouse astrocytes (GFAP, red; HIgM12, green; DAPI, blue) among other cell types of the central nervous system. These findings indicate a new strategy for the treatment of neuro‐motor disorders including multiple sclerosis.
Effect of diet‐induced obesity or type 1 or type 2 diabetes on corneal nerves and peripheral neuropathy in C57Bl/6J mice
Authors: Yorek Matthew S. , Obrosov Alexander , Shevalye Hanna , Holmes Amey , Harper Matthew M. , Kardon Randy H. , Yorek Mark A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe determined the impact diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and types 1 and 2 diabetes have on peripheral neuropathy with emphasis on corneal nerve structural changes in C57Bl/6J mice. Endpoints examined included nerve conduction velocity, response to thermal and mechanical stimuli and innervation of the skin and cornea. DIO mice and to a greater extent type 2 diabetic mice were insulin resistant. DIO and both types 1 and 2 diabetic mice developed motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits. In the cornea of DIO and type 2 diabetic mice there was a decrease in sub‐epithelial corneal nerves, innervation of the corneal epithelium, and corneal sensitivity. Type 1 diabetic mice did not present with any significant changes in corneal nerve structure until after 20 weeks of hyperglycemia. DIO and type 2 diabetic mice developed corneal structural damage more rapidly than type 1 diabetic mice although hemoglobin A1C values were significantly higher in type 1 diabetic mice. This suggests that DIO with or without hyperglycemia contributes to development and progression of peripheral neuropathy and nerve structural damage in the cornea.
Organic matter and macromineral digestibility in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as compared to other hindgut fermenters
Authors: Hagen K. B. , Tschudin A. , Liesegang A. , Hatt J.‐M. , Clauss M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIt is generally assumed that animal species differ in physiological characteristics of their digestive tract. Because investigating digestive processes is often labour‐intensive, requiring lengthy adaptation and collection periods, comparisons are often made on the basis of data collated from different studies. We added a new data set on dietary crude fibre (CF) and macromineral (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) composition and apparent digestibility (aD) of organic matter (OM) and macrominerals in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus; a total of 180 measurements with 12 individuals and 10 different diets) to a literature data collection for rodents and domestic horses (Equus caballus). Significant negative relationships between dietary CF and aD OM were obtained, but the significant difference in digestive efficiency between rabbits and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) reported from studies where both species had been investigated under identical conditions were not detectable in the larger data collection. However, the 95% confidence interval of the negative slope of the CF–aD OM relationship did not overlap between domestic horses on the one hand, and rabbits and guinea pigs on the other hand, indicating a less depressing effect of CF in horses. Akaike's information criterion indicated that aD of a macromineral did not only depend on its concentration in the diet, but also on the individual and various other diet characteristics and the presence of other macrominerals, indicating complex interactions. The data indicate similar mechanisms in the absorption of macrominerals amongst rabbits, rodents and horses, with the exception of Na and K in guinea pigs and Ca in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) that should be further corroborated. In particular, the occurrence of high aD Ca in hindgut fermenters, regardless of whether they employ a digestive strategy of coprophagy or whether they have fossorial habits, suggests that this peculiarity might represent an adaptation to hindgut fermentation in general.
Psychometric Analysis of Behavioral Pain Scale Brazilian Version in Sedated and Mechanically Ventilated Adult Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Azevedo‐Santos Isabela F. , Alves Iura G.N. , Badauê‐Passos Daniel , Santana‐Filho Valter J. , DeSantana Josimari M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposePain assessment in Intensive Care Units (ICU) can be performed based on validated instruments as the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). Despite the existence of this clinical score, there is no Brazilian version of it to assess critically ill patients. This study aimed to translate the BPS into Brazilian Portuguese, verify its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) and the correlation between pain measured and heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), Ramsay, and RASS scores.MethodsPain intensity by using Brazilian BPS version, HR, and BP were observed by 2 investigators during 3 different moments: at rest; during eye cleaning (EC); and tracheal suctioning (TS) in 15 adult subjects sedated and mechanically ventilated. Sedation level, severity of disease, and use of sedatives and analgesic drugs were also recorded.ResultsThere was a high responsiveness coefficient (coefficient = 1.72) and pain was significantly higher during tracheal suctioning (P ≤ 0.003) and eye cleaning (P ≤ 0.04) than at rest. It was evidenced a low reliability and no significant correlation between translated BPS scores and physiological parameters during tracheal suctioning, sedation scales, flow of the sedatives drugs, or with the general health status (P > 0.07).ConclusionBrazilian BPS has high responsiveness and capacity to detect pain intensity in different situations in the ICU routine. This preliminary study proved the feasibility and importance of valid this scale in Brazil in order to improve critically ill patients care.
Analgesia and Improved Performance in a Patient Treated by Cooled Radiofrequency for Pain and Dysfunction Postbilateral Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Menzies Robert D. , Hawkins Jeffery K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTotal knee replacement (TKR) is a terminal therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. While TKR results are generally satisfactory, a significant proportion of patients experience persistent pain lasting > 3 months following surgery, even after a technically acceptable operation. Knee pain of any kind post‐TKR has been reported in up to 53% of patients, while 15% of patients have reported severe pain. Pain post‐TKR is worse than preoperative pain in 7%, often resulting in surgical revision. The clinical experience of a patient that originally presented to an orthopedic surgeon with OA of both knees demonstrates an alternative relatively noninvasive pain management strategy: cooled radiofrequency (CRF) ablation of sensory nerves.
Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A 2‐year Follow‐Up
Authors: Kriek Nadia , Groeneweg George , Huygen Frank J. P. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy to treat most patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); however, the effect is not always maintained over time. We present a case report of a patient successfully treated with burst SCS after a diminishing effect of conventional tonic stimulation.Burst stimulation is a novel method of SCS consisting of delivering 5 spikes at 500 Hz, 40 times/s (pulse width 1 mseconds). The current output is set to a subthreshold level for paresthesia in the supine position.Report of a case: A 65‐year‐old woman with CRPS in the left upper extremity experienced a diminishing effect of conventional tonic SCS over time, resulting in an increase of pain with a mean Numerical Rating Score (NRS) of 8. After treatment with burst SCS, the NRS declined to 2 and remained at that level for 2 years. An intermediate/brief period, due to increased CRPS activity, resulted in a higher pain score, which was successfully managed by increasing the burst stimulation to a higher level of subthreshold stimulation.Discussion: In this patient with CRPS, burst SCS was successful in reducing pain scores that could no longer be achieved with conventional tonic stimulation. It appears that pain reduction with burst SCS can be sustained for a relatively long period of time.
Stellate Ganglion Block for Painful Congenital Venous Malformation of the Arm
Authors: Woo Adam , Tharakan Liza , Vargulescu Razvan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStellate ganglion block is an established intervention used in pain management settings. Its use in the treatment of congenital venous malformations (VM) of the upper limb has never been described. We present a case of ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block for a patient who derived excellent relief from pain uncontrolled with conservative and pharmacological methods.
Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes
Authors: Shiomi HH , Pinho RO , Lima DMA , Siqueira JB , Santos MCR , Costa EV , Lopes PS , Guimarães SEF , Guimarães JD 
Published: April 2015

ContentsThis study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800 g for 10 min and 2400 g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.
An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input–Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production
Authors: Timmer Marcel P. , Dietzenbacher Erik , Los Bart , Stehrer Robert , de Vries Gaaitzen J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article provides guidance to prudent use of the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) in analyses of international trade. The WIOD contains annual time‐series of world input–output tables and factor requirements covering the period from 1995 to 2011. Underlying concepts, construction methods and data sources are introduced, pointing out particular strengths and weaknesses. We illustrate its usefulness by analyzing the geographical and factorial distribution of value added in global automotive production and show increasing fragmentation, both within and across regions. Possible improvements and extensions to the data are discussed.
Pre‐operative self‐efficacy education vs. usual care for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cooke Marie , Walker Rachel , Aitken Leanne M. , Freeman Andrea , Pavey Sharlene , Cantrill Ruth 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundHip and knee replacement is a major surgical procedure performed worldwide. Despite 20 or so years of clinical research and care guidelines, the management of acute postoperative pain continues to be a concern. A growing number of self‐efficacy strategies are being included in education programs for patients to enable then to have a central role in managing their illness and symptoms.Aims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of testing an education intervention to improve self‐efficacy in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement.MethodsA single‐blinded, parallel, pilot randomised control trial design was used. Ninety‐one patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Intervention group participants were given a DVD demonstrating self‐efficacy activities to undertake four times before admission. Feasibility criteria related to recruitment, protocol adherence and missing data were assessed. Participants were assessed for pain, anxiety, self‐efficacy and healthcare utilisation.ResultsIn relation to recruitment, 55% of screened patients were eligible and of these 81% enrolled (n = 91). Exclusion following randomisation was 10% with missing data ranging from 0 to 20.7%. Nineteen per cent of participants were lost to follow up in the control group and 20% lost to follow up in DVD group. Protocol adherence to components of the intervention varied. Both groups were generally satisfied with pain management during hospitalisation, and there were no differences in groups on clinical outcome measures.ConclusionsPreliminary evidence for the benefits of self‐efficacy‐based education for patients undergoing hip or knee replacement was identified. Additional findings included a need to strengthen the intervention and reducing the number of data collection points to improve the protocol, missing data and numbers lost to follow up before a larger trial is undertaken.
Within‐day variation and influence of physical exercise on circulating Galectin‐3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals
Authors: Issa S. F. , Christensen A. F. , Lottenburger T. , Junker K. , Lindegaard H. , Hørslev‐Petersen K. , Junker P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGalectin‐3 has been suggested as a pro‐inflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have reported overexpression of Galectin‐3 in RA synovitis and increased levels in synovial fluid and serum in long‐standing RA compared with osteoarthritis and healthy controls. Our objectives were to study whether serum Galectin‐3 (1) exhibits circadian variation and/or (2) responds to exercise in RA and controls. The study on circadian patterns (1) comprised eleven patients with newly diagnosed RA, disease duration less than 6 months (ERA), 10 patients with long‐standing RA [5–15 years (LRA)] and 16 self‐reportedly healthy control subjects. During 24 h, 7 blood samples were drawn at 3‐h intervals starting at 10 a.m. through 10 p.m. and at 7 and 10 a.m. on the following day. The study on the effect of physical activity (2) included 10 patients with ERA, 10 with LRA and 14 controls. The participants underwent a standardized exercise programme and four blood samples were drawn before, during and after exercise. Serum Galectin‐3 was quantified by ELISA (R&D systems). (1) Galectin‐3 was increased at baseline in both RA subsets (P = 0.08). There were no diurnal oscillations (P = 0.85). Day‐to‐day variation amounted to 3%. (2) Baseline Galectin‐3 was increased in LRA versus controls and ERA (P < 0.01 and 0.05). Physical exercise induced 10–15% Galectin‐3 increments in RA and controls (P < 0.001) peaking after 1–3 h. To conclude, Galectin‐3 did not exhibit circadian variation. Day‐to‐day variation was 3%. Exercise elicited comparable increments in patients with RA of short and long duration and controls, approaching normal after 1–3 h.