bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iconography of foolishness. Genre classification
Authors: Туминская О.А. 
Published: July 2024

Иконография юродивых складывалась на основе изображений лиц, причисленных к лику святых, в особом статусе «блажения во Христе». Персонификация такого святого требовала от иконописца общих правил передачи человеческой фигуры. Индивидуальные характеристики, выделяющие юродивого из общего сонма святых, становятся своеобразными маркерами. Такими чертами были нагота, эпатажная внешность, непривычное одеяние, странные атрибуты, которые могли сочетаться или быть представленными в отдельности. Юродивые были узнаваемы. В статье приводятся доказательства жанрового диапазона изображений юродивых в иконописании, раскрываются примеры «жанровой классификации», обращено внимание на композиционные схемы икон юродивых, которые позволяют классифицировать иконы по рангу жанровой принадлежности: персональные, парные, минейные, соборные. Рассматривается расположение образов на плоскости иконы в соответствующих композиционных сочетаниях. Оговаривается понятие «энтелехия» в отношении бытования юродства на русской земле и в связи с изобразительным каноном. Создание иконы основано на целостности технических правил, рисунок и живопись выступают в единстве создания зримого образа юродивого. Из сохранившихся образцов изображений юродивых Христа ради в русском искусстве XVI–XIX вв. определенное количество относится к графическому воспроизведению, что указывает на более правильную формулировку: иконография (прорисовка, очертание) первична и универсальна.
The iconography of the fools was formed on the basis of images of persons canonized in the special status of «beatitude in Christ». The personification of such a saint required from the iconographer general rules for the transfer of the human figure and individual characteristics, which distinguished the fool from the general host of saints. Such features were nudity, shocking appearance, unusual attire, strange attributes that could be combined or presented separately. The fools were recognizable. The article provides evidence of the genre range of images of the fools in icon painting, reveals examples of «genre classification», draws attention to the compositional schemes of icons of the fools, which allow classifying icons by the rank of genre affiliation: personal, paired, miney, cathedral. The concept of «entelechy» is discussed in relation to the existence of foolishness on Russian soil and in connection with the pictorial canon. The creation of the icon is based on the integrity of the technical rules, drawing and painting act in the unity of creating a visible image of the fool. Of the surviving examples of images of the fools for Christ’s sake in Russian art of the XVI–XIX centuries, a certain number refers to graphic reproduction, which indicates a more correct formulation: iconography (drawing, outline) is primary, painting is secondary.
On the question of attribution of the painting by an unknown artist “Seascape” from the collection of the Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great
Authors: Олейник М.С. , Лыткина А.С. , Самсонова Л.А. 
Published: July 2024

В собрании Центрального военно-морского музея имени императора Петра Великого хранится картина «Морской пейзаж», представляющая собой образец неаполитанской романтической живописи середины ХIX в. В статье поднимается вопрос атрибуции данной картины, принадлежности ее кисти Алессандро Ла Вольпе и уточнение даты создания картины. Данная атрибуция живописного произведения основывается на комплексной научной реставрации, произведенной в реставрационно-художественной мастерской музея.
The collection of the Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great contains the painting “Seascape”, which is an example of Neapolitan romantic painting of the XIX century. The article raises the question of the authorship of this painting, its belonging to the brush of a representative of the Posilippo school, Alessandro La Volpe. The authors consider the work in the context of the author’s creative heritage. They attract the artist’s biography to clarify the attribution of the picture, use stylistic and typological analysis.
Сhinese portrait painting of the late 20th – early 21st centuries: evolution and cultural context
Authors: Гультяева Г.С. 
Published: July 2024

Современная портретная живопись Китая является ярким отражением атмосферы эпохи, диалога Востока и Запада, трансформации общественного сознания. В настоящей статье рассматривается эволюция китайской портретной живописи конца XX — начала XXI вв. в контексте социально-культурного развития китайского общества. Актуальность исследования продиктована возросшим интересом к современной китайской живописи, получившей широкое признание в стране и за ее пределами, а также необходимостью изучения семантики и символики визуальных художественных образов в современных произведениях китайских авторов. Целью данного исследования является выявление стилистических особенностей и идейного содержания китайской портретной живописи конца XX — начала XXI вв. на примерах произведений современных художников. На основе системного и целостного подхода к анализу портретной живописи указанного периода раскрывается многообразие ее форм и стилей, в том числе дается характеристика портретного жанра 1950–1960-х гг. и живописи «деревенского реализма». Особое внимание уделяется описанию художественной концепции неореализма и циничного реализма, отражающих новую форму критического восприятия окружающей действительности и переосмысления прошлого исторического опыта.
Modern Chinese portraiture is a vivid reflection of the atmosphere of the era, the dialogue between East and West, and the transformation of public consciousness. This article examines the evolution of Chinese portrait painting in the late XX — early XXI centuries in the context of the sociocultural development of Chinese society. The relevance of the research is dictated by the increased interest in modern Chinese painting, which has received wide recognition in the country and abroad, as well as the need to study the semantics and symbolism of visual artistic images in modern works by Chinese authors. The purpose of this study is to identify the stylistic features and ideological content of Chinese portrait painting of the late XX — early XXI centuries using examples of works by contemporary artists. Based on a systematic and holistic approach to the analysis of portrait painting of the specified period, the author reveals the diversity of its forms and styles, including a description of the portrait genre of the 1950s and 1960s and painting of “rustic realism”. The author pays special attention to the description of the artistic concept of neorealism and cynical realism, reflecting a new form of critical perception of the surrounding reality and rethinking of past historical experience.
Developing Cumbria’s post dementia diagnostic support using Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Results and reflections on the treatment’s reintroduction post Covid-19
Authors: Peake Natalie , Bailey Joanne , Hunton Kathryn , Snell Daniel , Butcher Emma , Carswell Roxanne , Hill Christine , Wright Hazel , Carter Catherine , Rumney Joyce , Pattinson Leanne , Rielly Laura , Clark Josephine , Carlyle Pauline 
Published: July 2024

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST, Spector et al., 2006) groups were part of the treatment provided by North Cumbria’s Community Older Adult Service until the Covid pandemic halted provision. Subsequently, treatment provided by the service to those diagnosed with a dementia relied heavily on pharmacological interventions to target the rate of cognitive decline. This paper documents the methodology of a service development project in Cumbria that reintroduced community CST groups, weekly for fourteen weeks across the year 2023. Preliminary findings demonstrate CST’s efficacy as a treatment for those living with a dementia diagnosis and coinciding low mood. Reflections shared from the project on the successes and challenges across its duration show its feasibility despite service pressures and resource limitations in a rural locality.In documenting this work, the project team aim to showcase the benefits of providing biopsychosocial care for older adults living with a dementia diagnosis and hope to inspire other Older Adult services to develop their post dementia diagnosis service provision using the CST protocols. With future iterations, more conclusive findings will be drawn and continued service development work has commenced in Cumbria on this project’s foundation within the Care Home and Educational Support System’s pathway.
Психологические и нейрофизиологические механизмы негативной эмоциональной реакции при обработке вербальных отрицаний
Authors: Улыбина Елена , Андреева Галина 
Published: July 2024

Цель исследования состоит в анализе существующих на данный момент теоретических положений и эмпирических данных, посвященных изучению связи обработки вербального отрицания с эмоциональными реакциями. Согласно теории повторного использования [Anderson, 2010; de Vega et al., 2016] обработка отрицания задействует уже имеющиеся тормозные механизмы, которые сформировались в онтогенезе при отталкивании/избегании неприятного стимула [Beltrán et al., 2021]. При обработке отрицательных фраз торможение обеспечивает их правильное понимание – нужно проконтролировать отвержение отрицаемой части фразы. Контроль, в свою очередь, тесно связан с негативным аффектом [Saunders et al., 2017]. Результаты первых исследований подтверждают связь отрицания и эмоционально негативных символов [Dudschig et al., 2023]. Описываются результаты эмпирических исследований, которые показывают [Herbert et al., 2011, 2013; Zuanazzi et al., 2022], что при взаимодействии с валентными словами отрицание сдвигает эмоциональную реакцию в сторону, противоположную валентности слова, но при позитивной валентности сдвиг приводит к инверсии, вызывая негативную, а не ослабленную позитивную реакцию. Сочетание слов с позитивной валентностью и отрицания приводит к усилению когнитивного конфликта, следствием чего становятся и более сильные негативные эмоции [Herbert et al., 2013]. А отрицание в эмоционально нейтральных фразах значимо сдвигает их эмоциональную оценку в сторону негативного полюса [Андреева, 2023b]. Полученные результаты показывают высокую зависимость эмоциональной реакции на отрицание от контекста. В статье обсуждаются возможные направления дальнейшего изучения связи обработки отрицания с эмоциональными реакциями.
Print in Real Time 2019-24
Authors: Marhaug Rita 
Published: July 2024

It is a great pleasure to present Trykk i sanntid, “Print in Real Time”, a five-year art project born in Lofoten in Northern Norway, which has now reached its halfway point. The project started due to the need to showcase Lofoten´s new printmaking workshop, in a way rooted in something important to us.
Over several years, with limited funds and great enthusiasm, my colleague Kjellaug Hatlen Lunde has built up the printmaking workshop KK-trykk, “KK-print”, which was inaugurated in 2019. The workshop is a part of the joint studio complex and residency centre Kunstkvarteret, located in the middle of Lofoten, established in 2008. Here, four artists have permanent studio spaces while others rent or apply for residency stays for varying durations. In the spring of 2019, Hatlen Lunde contacted our experienced colleague Åse Anda and me with the vague idea of developing some kind of event to promote the new workshop.
Achmea and the Implications for Challenge Proceedings before National Courts
Authors: Sandberg David , Rosell Svensson Jacob 
Published: July 2024

Almost two years have passed since the CJEU delivered its ruling in
the Achmea case. Since then, the topic of intra-EU investment
arbitration has been frequently debated by academics and practitioners.
However, only two national courts in EU Member States have rendered judgments
in which the CJEU’s findings in Achmea have been subject to
interpretation; the German Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) which set
aside the arbitral award between Slovakia and Achmea B.V., and the Swedish Svea
Court of Appeal which dismissed the challenge of the arbitral awards between
Poland and PL Holdings. This article examines the interpretation of the CJEU’s
judgment in Achmea by the BGH and the Svea Court of Appeal,
focusing on the reasoning of the latter. The article seeks to explain the
different outcomes in light of, in particular, differences in Slovakia’s and
Poland’s respective conduct during the arbitral proceeding, and differences
between German and Swedish law. This article argues that the Svea Court of
Appeal’s approach was fully reconcilable with the BGH’s judgment as well as EU
law as interpreted by the CJEU in Achmea.
Assessing the CJEU’s Decisions in Achmea and Opinion 1/17 in Light of the Proposed Multilateral Investment Court (Winner of the Essay Competition 2020)
Authors: Jamieson Crawford 
Published: July 2024

This article argues that the CJEU’s recent jurisprudence on the
principle of autonomy has been carefully crafted to lend support to the
European Commission’s efforts to establish a Multilateral Investment Court. The
CJEU has historically approached international courts and tribunals with
caution. However, the Multilateral Investment Court is unlike other such
bodies, because it is designed to supplant existing models of investment
arbitration which the CJEU disdains. Moreover, certain features of the
Multilateral Investment Court would be likely to make it especially attractive
to the CJEU – namely its probable applicable law, judicial structure, and the
control the CJEU could exert upon it. The surprising and sudden shift in tone
between the CJEU’s recent decisions in Achmea and Opinion 1/17
becomes readily explicable when the two cases are viewed in light of the
proposed Multilateral Investment Court. On analysis, the CJEU’s apparent
support for the Multilateral Investment Court is best understood as the logical
continuation of its longstanding jurisprudence on the principle of autonomy.
If You are not Part of the Solution, You are the Problem: Article 37 of the EU Charter as a Defence for Climate Change and Environmental Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations (Joint 2nd Prize Winner Essay Competition 2020)
Authors: Humblet Florence , Duggal Kabir 
Published: July 2024

Climate change is severely impacting the survival of humankind on earth.
In the European Union (EU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter)
codifies environmental protection as part of the EU’s corpus of fundamental
rights protection and states that ‘a high level of environmental protection and
the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the
policies of the EU and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable
development’. By virtue of this article, the EU has elevated environmental
protection to the level of constitutionality. Environmental concerns have
played a critical role in investor-state arbitration. This article submits that
Article 37 of the EU Charter might be a viable defence for Member States of the
EU (Member States) that adopt climate change and environmental measures. Such
defence would not consist of a jurisdictional challenge based on the Achmea decision
but of a defence based on the applicable law which protects the notion of
sustainable investment enshrined in the applicable international investment
agreement. Article 37 of the EU Charter could, therefore, operate a powerful
tool to foster environmental protection in investor-state disputes and,
therefore, address one of the most widespread complaints in the backlash
against investor-state arbitration.
The Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main Is the First European Court to Declare the Achmea Case a Landmark Decision with Significance for All intra-EU BITs
Authors: Stompfe Philipp 
Published: July 2024

In February 2021, the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main (Oberlandesgericht–
‘OLG’), rendered a decision in the case between the Republic of Croatia
(‘Croatia’) as the applicant, and an Austrian bank incorporated as a joint
stock company under Austrian law and a Croatian bank incorporated as a joint
stock company under the laws of Croatia having the Austrian bank as its sole
shareholder as the Respondents (‘Respondents’). This decision concerns the
incompatibility of an arbitration clause contained in the Agreement between the
Republic of Austria and Croatia on the Promotion and Protection of Investments
(‘Austria-Croatia BIT’) with EU law. Croatia successfully challenged the
admissibility of an UNCITRAL arbitration based on Article 9(2)(b) of the
Austria-Croatia BIT, initiated by the Respondents, by virtue of an application
under Section 1032(2) of the German Code of Civil Procedure (Zivilprozessordnung –
‘ZPO’). Croatia argued that Article 9(2)(b) of the Austria-Croatia BIT was
incompatible with EU law.
ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES DE SAÚDE DE UM MUNICÍPIO MINEIRO NOS ANOS DE 2010 E 2019
Authors: Resende Ana Clara Almada , Carvalho Laura Andrade , Silva Ana Helena Ribeiro , Oliveira Fernanda Keller Silva , Schneider Giovanna , Leão Raiane de Cássia Souza , Silva Raiane Camila Silva e , Resende Jane Daisy de Sousa Almada 
Published: July 2024

O turismo movimenta a economia, promove a interação cultural e contribui para o desenvolvimento social, destacando a importância de um sistema de saúde eficiente e bem preparado. Assim, investir na infraestrutura de saúde melhora a qualidade de vida dos moradores e fortalece a reputação do destino como seguro e atrativo. Entre os municípios mineiros, Andrelândia se destaca por sua rica tradição em turismo, e assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer o perfil da saúde no município de Andrelândia e analisar a cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no período de 2010 a 2019. Metodologia: Foi utilizado as bases de DATASUS; e-Gestor, IBGE, permitindo a realização de projetos específicos de saúde, além de outras fontes como: censos, relatórios, documentos, relatório anual de gestão municipal. Resultado: Andrelândia, como o Brasil, está passando por uma transição demográfica com menos crianças e mais idosos, o que desafia os serviços de saúde locais. O envelhecimento populacional exige foco nas doenças crônicas e degenerativas, que precisam de cuidados contínuos. Apesar da cobertura de 100% da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), Andrelândia ainda tem internações por doenças evitáveis, mostrando a necessidade de melhorar a eficácia dos serviços de saúde primários.Conclusão: Essa mudança demográfica implica que as políticas e práticas de saúde devem ser reavaliadas e ajustadas. A diminuição da população jovem e o aumento da população idosa requerem uma reorientação dos recursos e esforços da saúde pública para atender adequadamente às necessidades desse novo perfil populacional.
Overtaking in Stuttgart—analysis of the lateral distances between motor vehicles and bicycle traffic with reference to traffic volume and cycling infrastructure
Authors: Casey Leo , Gaspers Lutz , Mandel Harald 
Published: July 2024

In the context of climate change, it is desirable to increase the share of cycling. One way of doing this can be to strengthen subjective safety of cyclists. At present, many people perceive cycling as unsafe. In particular, overtaking by motor vehicles is a cause of low subjective safety and stress. In built-up areas, German road traffic regulations stipulate a minimum lateral distance of 1.50 m for motor vehicles, while overtaking cyclists. Previous research has shown that this rule is often not followed by motor vehicles. The aim of this study is to find out which factors influence the lateral distance of overtaking manoeuvres. The lateral distances of 4 081 overtaking manoeuvres were recorded using an ultrasonic sensor on 14 selected routes in the city of Stuttgart, Germany. 42% of the recorded overtaking manoeuvres were carried out with a lateral distance of less than 1.50 m. The mean value of all overtaking manoeuvres was 1.59 m. On roads with mixed traffic, higher lateral distances occurred than on roads with cycle lanes. In Germany, the motor vehicle traffic volume on a road is a key criterion for planning cycling infrastructure. However, it is not possible to confirm an influence of the motor vehicle traffic volume on the occurring lateral distances. The time of day at which overtaking manoeuvres take place also seems to have no effect on lateral distances.
STUDYING ENGLISH SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS OF BAMYAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Hamdard Mohammad Yasin , Qasimyar Ismail , Haidari Hussain Ali , Islam Ahamad Rasol 
Published: July 2024

Anxiety is the condition in which an individual feels unpleasant and it imbeds tension, apprehension, and worries. Speaking anxiety is a type of anxiety that affects the process of speaking or oral performance. Regarding speaking, numerous studies have been conducted to find some anxiety-provoking factors. Afghanistan is a country where English is taught as a foreign language. Similar to other ESL/EFL contexts, Afghanistan EFL learners face various challenges such as being worried, losing self-confidence, communication apprehension, fear of being evaluated by others, etc when they speak in English. The purposes of this study are to find out the speaking anxiety-provoking factors and the differences between male and female speaking anxiety levels. Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986) FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale) and interview questions are used for data collection. The respondents of the study are 15 male and 15 female students who are randomly selected at Bamyan University, Afghanistan. Besides, 4 male and 4 female students were interviewed. As a result, the study found some speaking anxiety factors such as fear of negative evaluation, lack of linguistics capacity, communication apprehension, lack of preparation and some other factors. This study also highlighted that female students have more speaking anxiety than male students at Bamyan University in Afghanistan.
Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions for efficient Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton transformation
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood , Perveen Samina , Shabir Rabia , Hadi Alishba , Noor ul Ain  , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Zulqurnain 
Published: July 2024

Cotton is one of the world’s largest fiber-producing crops. It is also known as the important cash crop of Pakistan. Cotton crop products contribute to economy as cottonseed oil, animal feed and the fiber support the textile industries, thus, playing a significant role in uplifting the economy of a country. But over time, bollworm attacks had escalated, severely reducing the yield of cotton and damaging cotton production. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton is being widely used nowadays due to its enhanced resistance against cotton bollworms which are responsible for reducing crop production leading to high economic loss. It greatly affects the economy by increasing the cost of production and protection. Using resistant strains of Bt cotton not only makes it easier to combat bollworm attacks but also reduces the substantial expense issues that farmers face. Bt has many toxic proteins among which the two crystal proteins, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, are used to develop resistance against bollworms in cotton. This study aimed to optimize the developing transgenic callus containing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genes in cotton. The dual gene construct (Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab) provides more resistance to the cotton crop as compared to the single gene construct against whom the most bollworms have developed resistance. The vector was inoculated into the hypocotyl segments and the transformation process was preceded by shifting the hypocotyls at different mediums Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was used for cotton transformation. The construct-containing vector was introduced into a standard cotton line. A molecular confirmation test was carried out utilizing PCR and gene-specific primers after the formation of the transgenic callus. As a result of the research an indigenous cotton line that expresses double Bt genes for insect resistance was developed.