bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of modern sensors and wireless technology in effective wound management
Authors: Mehmood Nasir , Hariz Alex , Fitridge Robert , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe management of chronic wounds has emerged as a major health care challenge during the 21st century consuming, significant portions of health care budgets. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, leg ulcers, and pressure sores have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Covering wounds with suitable dressings facilitates the healing process and is common practice in wound management plans. However, standard dressings do not provide insights into the status of the wound underneath. Parameters such as moisture, pressure, temperature and pH inside the dressings are indicative of the healing rate, infection, and wound healing phase. But owing to the lack of information available from within the dressings, these are often changed to inspect the wound, disturbing the normal healing process of wounds in addition to causing pain to the patient. Sensors embedded in the dressing would provide clinicians and nurses with important information that would aid in wound care decision making, improve patient comfort, and reduce the frequency of dressing changes. The potential benefits of this enabling technology would be seen in terms of a reduction in hospitalization time and health care cost. Modern sensing technology along with wireless radio frequency communication technology is poised to make significant advances in wound management. This review discusses issues related to the design and implementation of sensor technology and telemetry systems both incorporated in wound dressings to devise an automated wound monitoring technology, and also surveys the literature available on current sensor and wireless telemetry systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 102B: 885–895, 2014.
Ectocranial suture fusion in primates: pattern and phylogeny
Authors: Cray James , Cooper Gregory M. , Mooney Mark P. , Siegel Michael I. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPatterns of ectocranial suture fusion among Primates are subject to species‐specific variation. In this study, we used Guttman Scaling to compare modal progression of ectocranial suture fusion among Hominidae (Homo, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), Hylobates, and Cercopithecidae (Macaca and Papio) groups. Our hypothesis is that suture fusion patterns should reflect their evolutionary relationship. For the lateral‐anterior suture sites there appear to be three major patterns of fusion, one shared by Homo‐Pan‐Gorilla, anterior to posterior; one shared by Pongo and Hylobates, superior to inferior; and one shared by Cercopithecidae, posterior to anterior. For the vault suture pattern, the Hominidae groups reflect the known phylogeny. The data for Hylobates and Cercopithecidae groups is less clear. The vault suture site termination pattern of Papio is similar to that reported for Gorilla and Pongo. Thus, it may be that some suture sites are under larger genetic influence for patterns of fusion, while others are influenced by environmental/biomechanic influences. J. Morphol. 275:342–347, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of copper desorption characteristics using DTPA and citric acid for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere of soils amended with sewage sludge
Authors: Reza Motaghian Hamid , Reza Hosseinpur Ali 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine copper (Cu) desorption characteristics in ten bulk and rhizosphere soils (Typic Calcixerepts) amended with sewage sludge (1% w/w) using rhizoboxes. The kinetics of Cu desorption in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined after successive extraction with DTPA‐TEA and 10 mM citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at (25 ± 1)°C. The results show that Cu extracted after 504 h using DTPA‐TEA were significantly (P < 1%) lower in the rhizosphere than the bulk soils. However, Cu extracted after 504 h using citric was significantly (P < 1%) higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soils. The results illustrated that, on average, citric acid extracted 56% more Cu from the bulk soils than DTPA‐TEA, and citric acid extracted 85% more Cu from the rhizosphere soils than DTPA‐TEA. Desorption kinetics of Cu in the two extractants was well described by power‐function, parabolic diffusion, and first‐order equations. The results show that a 10 mM citric acid extractant may be recommended to determine the kinetics of Cu desorption in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge.
Striatal dopamine D1‐like receptor binding is unchanged in primary focal dystonia
Authors: Karimi Morvarid , Moerlein Stephen M. , Videen Tom O. , Su Yi , Flores Hubert P. , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: Multiple studies have demonstrated decreases in striatal D2‐like (D2, D3) radioligand binding in primary focal dystonias. Although most investigations have focused on D2‐specific receptors (D2R), a recent study suggests that the decreased D2‐like binding may be due to a D3‐specific (D3R) abnormality. However, only limited data exist on the role of D1‐specific receptors (D1R) and the D1R‐mediated pathways within basal ganglia in dystonia. Metabolic positron emission tomography (PET) data in primary generalized dystonia suggest resting state over activity in the D1R‐mediated direct pathway, leading to excessive disinhibition of motor cortical areas. This work investigated whether striatal D1‐like receptors are affected in primary focal dystonias. Methods: Striatal‐specific (caudate and putamen) binding of the D1‐like radioligand [11C]NNC 112 was measured using PET in 19 patients with primary focal dystonia (cranial, cervical, or arm) and 18 controls. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected in striatal D1‐like binding between the two groups. The study had 91% power to detect a 20% difference, indicating that false‐negative results were unlikely. Conclusions: Because [11C]NNC 112 has high affinity for D1‐like receptors, very low affinity for D2‐like receptors, and minimal sensitivity to endogenous dopamine levels, we conclude that D1‐like receptor binding is not impaired in these primary focal dystonias. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Histone post‐translational modifications in preimplantation mouse embryos and their role in nuclear architecture
Authors: Beaujean Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn mammals, epigenetic modifications are globally rearranged after fertilization, when gametes fuse to form the embryo. While gametes carry special epigenetic signatures and a unique nuclear organization, they attain embryo‐specific patterns after fertilization. This “reprogramming” is promoted by intimate contact between the parental inherited genomes and the oocyte cytoplasm over the first cell cycles of development. Although the mechanisms of this reprogramming remain poorly understood, it appears that the particular epigenetic landscape established after fertilization is essential for further development. This review looks at histone post‐translational modifications, focusing on their functions in chromatin organization and their role in nuclear architecture during mouse embryonic development. Epigenetic changes linked to the use of assisted reproductive technologies are also considered.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 100–112, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noninvasive MRI measurement of the absolute cerebral blood volume–cerebral blood flow relationship during visual stimulation in healthy humans
Authors: Ciris Pelin Aksit , Qiu Maolin , Constable R. Todd 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThe relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) underlies blood oxygenation level–dependent functional MRI signal. This study investigates the potential for improved characterization of the CBV‐CBF relationship in humans, and examines sex effects as well as spatial variations in the CBV‐CBF relationship.MethodsHealthy subjects were imaged noninvasively at rest and during visual stimulation, constituting the first MRI measurement of the absolute CBV‐CBF relationship in humans with complete coverage of the functional areas of interest.ResultsCBV and CBF estimates were consistent with the literature, and their relationship varied both spatially and with sex. In a region of interest with stimulus‐induced activation in CBV and CBF at a significance level of the P < 0.05, a power function fit resulted in CBV = 2.1 CBF0.32 across all subjects, CBV = 0.8 CBF0.51 in females and CBV = 4.4 CBF0.15 in males. Exponents decreased in both sexes as ROIs were expanded to include less significantly activated regions.ConclusionConsideration for potential sex‐related differences, as well as regional variations under a range of physiological states, may reconcile some of the variation across literature and advance our understanding of the underlying cerebrovascular physiology. Magn Reson Med 72:864–875, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of the free surface flow of water–kaolinite mixture by moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method
Authors: Xie J. , Tai Y.C. , Jin Y.C. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe flow of water–kaolinite mixtures exhibits a non‐Newtonian nature that differs from the flow of Newtonian fluid. The varying viscosities and shear history of non‐Newtonian fluid flows necessitate the use of a rheology model in moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) for the numerical studies. On the other hand, the Lagrangian method has the advantage of handling free surface flows with large deformation and fragmentation. This study proposes a mesh‐free Lagrangian method, namely, the MPS method, together with a simple rheology model to investigate the non‐Newtonian free surface flows. The rheological parameters required in the rheology model are determined based upon experiments. The proposed method is applied to a water–kaolinite mixture collapse problem and is proved to be capable of reproducing the significant flow features observed in laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistance, Symbolism and the Language of Stateness in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Myrttinen Henri 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOn gaining independence in 2002 after a protracted struggle against Indonesian occupation, the sovereign Timor‐Leste state began to assert its sovereignty in a range of discursive and expressive media. These assertions developed a distinct ‘language of stateness’ that is the focus of this article. This East Timorese expression of state sovereignty draws heavily on the legacy of the Timorese resistance struggle and on a variety of other sources of symbolic power such as flags, buildings, logos, and uniforms. Yet these efforts have been contested by a range of non‐state actors in Timor‐Leste and the shape that this language of stateness has taken now evokes complaints from martial arts groups (MAGs), ritual arts groups (RAGs), and veterans' organisations that seek to ‘become like the state’ themselves, and who also employ a ‘national language of stateness’ in the form of flags, graffiti, and official buildings. While not challenging the idea of an independent East Timorese state per se, these groups question the prerogative of the state to use and define the language of stateness. In this article I explore the way the state and its challengers use ‘languages of stateness’ and how this shapes their ambivalent stance vis‐à‐vis each other, with both sides often drawing upon a discourse of the fulfilment of the millenarian promises that have for a long time been tied to the achievement of independence.
Evaluation of the incidence and risk of hypoglycemic coma associated with selection of basal insulin in the treatment of diabetes: a Finnish register linkage study
Authors: Haukka Jari , Hoti Fabian , Erästö Panu , Saukkonen Tero , Mäkimattila Sari , Korhonen Pasi 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveLong‐acting basal insulin analogs have demonstrated positive effects on the balance between effective glycemic control and risk of hypoglycemia versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in randomized controlled trials. Evidence of severe hypoglycemic risk with insulin detemir, insulin glargine, or NPH insulin is presented from a nationwide retrospective database study.Research design and methodsData from hospital and secondary healthcare visits due to hypoglycemic coma from 75 682 insulin‐naïve type 1 or 2 diabetes patients initiating therapy with NPH insulin, insulin glargine, or insulin detemir in Finland between 2000 and 2009 were analyzed. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox's regression with adjustments for relevant background variables.ResultsThe adjusted risk of hospital/secondary healthcare visits due to the first severe hypoglycemic event was 21.7% (95% CI 9.6–32.1%, p < 0.001) lower for insulin detemir and 9.9% (95% CI 1.5–17.6%, p = 0.022) lower for insulin glargine versus NPH insulin. Risk of hypoglycemic coma recurrence was 36.3% (95% CI 8.9–55.5%, p = 0.014) lower for detemir and 9.5% but not significantly (95% CI −10.2 to 25.7%, p = 0.318) lower for glargine versus NPH insulin. Risk of all hypoglycemic coma events was 30.8% (95% CI 16.2–42.8%, p‐value <0.001) lower for detemir and 15.6% (95% CI 5.1–25.0%, p‐value 0.005) lower for glargine versus NPH. Insulin detemir had a significantly lower risk for first (13.1% lower [p = 0.034]), recurrent (29.6% lower [p = 0.021]), and all (17.9% lower [p = 0.016]) severe hypoglycemic events than insulin glargine.ConclusionsThere were considerable differences in risk of hospitalization or secondary healthcare visits due to hypoglycemic coma between basal insulin treatments in real‐life clinical practice. © 2013 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An observational study examining the effect of comorbidity on the rates of persistence and adherence to newly initiated oral anti‐hyperglycaemic agents
Authors: O'Shea Miriam P. , Teeling Mary , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine whether the type of comorbid condition affects medication persistence and adherence in patients initiating oral anti‐hyperglycaemic (OAH) therapy.MethodsThe Irish Health Services Executive pharmacy claims database was used to identify a cohort of incident OAH therapy users (anatomical therapeutic chemical A10B), ≥25 years, between June 2009 and December 2010. Persistence and adherence were examined at 6 and 12 months post‐therapy initiation. Comorbidity was ascertained using modified versions of the RxRisk and RxRisk‐V indices and classified as either concordant or discordant with diabetes. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were determined in relation to comorbidity using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender and type of OAH prescribed.ResultsIn the study cohort (n = 21 280), persistence was 74.0% and 62.6% and adherence was 70.0% and 66.7% for all OAHs at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Patients with only concordant comorbidity were significantly more likely to be persistent at 6 (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.28, 1.65) and 12 months (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.09, 1.38). Patients with only discordant comorbidity were significantly less likely to be persistent at 6 (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.35, 0.46) and 12 months (OR 0.43 95%CI 0.38, 0.50) (p < 0.0001). Results were similar for adherence.ConclusionThe study suggests that the persistence and adherence of OAH therapy in incident users are affected by the type of comorbidity present; this may help in identifying effective interventions aimed at optimising medication use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of smoking prevalence estimates from primary care electronic health records compared with national population survey data for England, 2007 to 2011
Authors: Booth Helen P. , Prevost A. Toby , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPurposePrimary care electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used as a resource for epidemiological research. Cigarette smoking is an important variable in many epidemiological studies. We evaluated the validity of smoking records in primary care EHRs by comparing estimates for smoking prevalence from primary care EHRs with national health survey data.MethodsData were analysed for adults over 30 years of age from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in comparison with data from the Health Survey for England between 2007 and 2011. Electronic health records in the CPRD were searched for records of smoking status and smoking cessation treatment. Annual age‐ and sex‐standardised prevalence of current‐, non‐ and former smoking were calculated, and compared with equivalent data from the Health Survey for England (HSE).ResultsThe difference between estimates of current smoking in CPRD and HSE was generally <1% from 2007 to 2011. In 2011, the prevalence of current smoking in men was: CPRD 24.3%, HSE 24.2%. The mean difference was 0.1% (95% confidence interval −1.5 to 1.7%). In women, current smoking prevalence was CPRD 20.3%, HSE 19.0%; mean difference 1.3% (0.0 to 2.6%). Estimates for former smoking were lower in CPRD than HSE for men (CPRD 26.7%, HSE 31.3%) and women (CPRD 22.9%, HSE 25.0%).ConclusionsPrevalence estimates for current smoking, and non‐smoking, from primary care EHRs are similar to those from nationally representative surveys, but former smoking may be under‐recorded. © 2013 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scientizing and Cooking: Helping Middle‐School Learners Develop Scientific Dispositions
Authors: CLEGG TAMARA , KOLODNER JANET 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe aim to understand how to help young people recognize the value of science in their lives and take initiative to see the world in scientific ways. Our approach has been to designlife‐relevantscience‐learning programs that engage middle‐school learners in science through pursuit of personally meaningful goals. In this paper, we analyze the case studies of two focal learners in the Kitchen Science Investigators life‐relevant, science‐learning program. Our analysis highlights ways to design life‐relevant science‐learning programs to help learners connect science to their everyday lives in meaningful ways. Our findings point to the ways in which learners' dispositions develop, which have implications for the design of programming and learning environments to promote the development of scientific dispositions.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of performance of second‐trimester nasal bone assessment in detection of fetuses with Down syndrome
Authors: Moreno‐Cid M. , Rubio‐Lorente A. , Rodríguez M. J. , Bueno‐Pacheco G. , Tenías J. M. , Román‐Ortiz C. , Arias Á. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo review systematically the literature on diagnostic tests and performance of second‐trimester sonographic assessment of nasal bone (NB) in identifying fetuses affected by Down syndrome.MethodsA search of studies involving screening tests for NB evaluation and measurements was carried out in the main international bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). Those considered to be relevant were then subjected to critical reading, following Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) criteria, by at least three independent observers. All data were extracted and tabulated by two independent investigators. A statistical synthesis of sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios was performed using specific software (Meta‐DiSc).ResultsFrom an initial list of 852 articles referring to ultrasound markers for Down syndrome, 207 relevant papers were selected. Following exclusions, 21 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The pooled estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratios were 40.08 (95% CI, 18.10–88.76) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.64–0.79), respectively, for absent NB and 15.15 (95% CI, 8.15–28.16) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.34–0.64), respectively, for hypoplastic NB. No relevant differences were found between the various means of defining nasal hypoplasia (multiples of the median (MoM) or percentiles). The biparietal diameter/nasal bone length (BPD/NBL) ratio showed somewhat higher sensitivity but lower specificity with a threshold effect.ConclusionsNB absence or hypoplasia show high specificity and low but acceptable sensitivity in identifying fetuses with Down syndrome. Screening performance is better with NB measurements as a function of MoM or percentiles rather than as the BPD/NBL ratio. Classification of women into various risk groups for Down syndrome does not affect diagnostic performance. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Provably correct derivation of algorithms using FermaT
Authors: Ward Martin , Zedan Hussein 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The transformational programming method of algorithm derivation starts with a formal specification of the result to be achieved, plus some informal ideas as to what techniques will be used in the implementation. The formal specification is then transformed into an implementation, by means of correctness-preserving refinement and transformation steps, guided by the informal ideas. The transformation process will typically include the following stages: (1) Formal specification (2) Elaboration of the specification, (3) Divide and conquer to handle the general case (4) Recursion introduction, (5) Recursion removal, if an iterative solution is desired, (6) Optimisation, if required. At any stage in the process, sub-specifications can be extracted and transformed separately. The main difference between this approach and the invariant based programming approach (and similar stepwise refinement methods) is that loops can be introduced and manipulated while maintaining program correctness and with no need to derive loop invariants. Another difference is that at every stage in the process we are working with a correct program: there is never any need for a separate “verification” step. These factors help to ensure that the method is capable of scaling up to the development of large and complex software systems. The method is applied to the derivation of a complex linked list algorithm and produces code which is over twice as fast as the code written by Donald Knuth to solve the same problem.