bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine versus ropivacaine for perineal infiltration post‐episiotomy
Authors: Gutton Christophe , Bellefleur Jean‐Pierre , Puppo Séverine , Brunet Julie , Antonini Francois , Leone Marc , Bretelle Florence 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal analgesia after an episiotomy during delivery.MethodsThe present case–control study compared 2 protocols of post‐episiotomy infiltration: period A, 20 mL of lidocaine 10 mg/mL; period B, 20 mL of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/mL. The primary study endpoint was the visual analog scale (VAS) score at 24 hours after episiotomy; secondary endpoints were the VAS scores during suturing and at 2 and 48 hours, and patient satisfaction at 48 hours.ResultsIn total, 102 women were included in the study. The median VAS score at 24 hours was significantly lower during the ropivacaine period (3 [1.5–4]) than during the lidocaine period (4 [2–6]; P = 0.004). A VAS score below 4 at 24 hours was significantly more frequent with ropivacaine (71% versus 43%; P = 0.009). The VAS scores at 2 and 48 hours were also lower in the ropivacaine group (2 hours, 0 [0–1] versus 1 [0–3], P = 0.01; and 48 hours, 2 [0–3] versus 3 [2–5], P < 0.001). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the ropivacaine group.ConclusionAnalgesia and maternal satisfaction were improved during the period when ropivacaine was used as opposed to lidocaine. The effect lasted for up to 48 hours.
The Value of Marriage to Family Firms
Authors: Bunkanwanicha Pramuan , Fan Joseph P. H. , Wiwattanakantang Yupana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the first empirical evidence showing that the marriage of a member of the controlling family adds value to public corporations. The results, based on a uniquely comprehensive data set from Thailand, show that the family firm’s stock price increases when the partner is from either a prominent business or a political family. Abnormal returns tend to be higher for firms whose operation depends on extensive networks. In contrast, marriages to ordinary citizens are not associated with any abnormal returns. These findings are generally supportive of the value of networks in general and marriage in particular.
Diversity and distribution of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in non-human primates
Authors: ALFELLANI MOHAMMED A. , JACOB ALISON S. , PEREA NATALI ORTIZ , KRECEK ROSINA C. , TANER-MULLA DERYA , VERWEIJ JACO J. , LEVECKE BRUNO , TANNICH EGBERT , CLARK C. GRAHAM , STENSVOLD C. RUNE 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYBlastocystis SSU-rDNA sequence data from 317 captive and free-living non-human primates (NHPs) representing 30 genera of apes, Old and New World (OW and NW) monkeys and prosimians were analysed to investigate subtype (ST) and allele distribution among hosts. Excluding 20 mixed ST infections, 27% of the sequences belonged to ST1, 22% to ST2, 34% to ST3, 1% to ST4, 4% to ST5, 11% to ST8, <1% to ST13 and 1% to ST15. The study confirmed cryptic host specificity of ST1 and ST3; conversely, considerable overlap in ST2 alleles exists among humans and NHPs. Subtype distribution in humans and NHPs differs mainly in that ST4 is rarely reported in NHPs while ST5 and ST8 are both unusual in humans. This may be due to host specificity and/or the apparent geographically restricted range of some subtypes. While the distribution of ST1, ST2 and ST3 was independent of NHP group or geographical association, ST5 was seen only in apes and OW monkeys and ST8 primarily in arboreal NHPs and only in species native to Asia or South America.
The antifungal activity of the cuticular and internal fatty acid methyl esters and alcohols inCalliphora vomitoria
Authors: GOŁĘBIOWSKI MAREK , CERKOWNIAK MAGDALENA , DAWGUL MAŁGORZATA , KAMYSZ WOJCIECH , BOGUŚ MIECZYSŁAWA I. , STEPNOWSKI PIOTR 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe composition of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and alcohol fractions of the cuticular and internal lipids ofCalliphora vomitorialarvae, pupae and male/female adults was obtained by separating these two fractions by HPLC–LLSD and analysing them quantitatively using GC–MS. Analysis of the cuticular lipids of the worldwide, medically important ectoparasiteC. vomitoriarevealed 6 FAMEs with odd-numbered carbon chains from C15:0to C19:0in the larvae, while internal lipids contained 9 FAMEs ranging from C15:1to C19:0. Seven FAMEs from C15:0to C19:0were identified in the cuticular lipids of the pupae, whereas the internal lipids of the pupae contained 10 FAMEs from C13:0to C19:0. The cuticular lipids of males and females and also the internal lipids of males contained 5, 7 and 6 FAMEs from C15:0to C19:0respectively. Seven FAMEs from C13:0to C19:0were identified in the internal lipids of females, and 7, 6, 5 and 3 alcohols were found in the cuticular lipids of larvae, pupae, males and females respectively. Only saturated alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains were present in these lipids. Only 1 alcohol (C22:0) was detected in the internal lipids ofC. vomitorialarvae, while just 4 alcohols from – C18:0to C24:0– were identified in the internal lipids of pupae, and males and females. We also identified glycerol and cholesterol in the larvae, pupae, males and females ofC. vomitoria. The individual alcohols and FAMEs, as well as their mixtures isolated from the cuticular and internal lipids of larvae, pupae, males and females ofC. vomitoria, demonstrated antimicrobial activity against entomopathogenic fungi.
Specificity of basic information processing and inhibitory control in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Salum G. A. , Sergeant J. , Sonuga-Barke E. , Vandekerckhove J. , Gadelha A. , Pan P. M. , Moriyama T. S. , Graeff-Martins A. S. , de Alvarenga P. Gomes , do Rosário M. C. , Manfro G. G. , Polanczyk G. , Rohde L. A. P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundBoth inhibitory-based executive functioning (IB-EF) and basic information processing (BIP) deficits are found in clinic-referred attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) samples. However, it remains to be determined whether: (1) such deficits occur in non-referred samples of ADHD; (2) they are specific to ADHD; (3) the co-morbidity between ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) has additive or interactive effects; and (4) IB-EF deficits are primary in ADHD or are due to BIP deficits.MethodWe assessed 704 subjects (age 6–12 years) from a non-referred sample using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) and classified them into five groups: typical developing controls (TDC; n = 378), Fear disorders (n = 90), Distress disorders (n = 57), ADHD (n = 100), ODD/CD (n = 40) and ADHD+ODD/CD (n = 39). We evaluated neurocognitive performance with a Two-Choice Reaction Time Task (2C-RT), a Conflict Control Task (CCT) and a Go/No-Go (GNG) task. We used a diffusion model (DM) to decompose BIP into processing efficiency, speed–accuracy trade-off and encoding/motor function along with variability parameters.ResultsPoorer processing efficiency was found to be specific to ADHD. Faster encoding/motor function differentiated ADHD from TDC and from fear/distress whereas a more cautious (not impulsive) response style differentiated ADHD from both TDC and ODD/CD. The co-morbidity between ADHD and ODD/CD reflected only additive effects. All ADHD-related IB-EF classical effects were fully moderated by deficits in BIP.ConclusionsOur findings challenge the IB-EF hypothesis for ADHD and underscore the importance of processing efficiency as the key specific mechanism for ADHD pathophysiology.
Peer problems are associated with elevated serum leptin levels in children
Authors: Kohlboeck G. , Romanos M. , Tiesler C. , Koletzko S. , Kratzsch J. , Thiery J. , Bauer C.-P. , von Berg A. , Berdel D. , Hoffmann B. , Schaaf B. , Lehmann I. , Herbarth O. , Heinrich J. ,   GINI-plus and LISA-plus study groups
Published: April 2013

BackgroundLeptin is thought to act as an important mediator in stress reactions. To date, no study has examined the association between psychological stress and leptin levels in children. This study aimed to assess the association between emotional symptoms and peer problems and serum leptin levels in children aged 10 years of the two population-based GINI-plus and LISA-plus birth cohorts.MethodCross-sectional data from 2827 children aged 10 years were assessed with regard to leptin concentrations in serum and behavioral problems using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Linear regression modeling was applied to determine the likelihood of elevated leptin levels in children with emotional symptoms and peer problems, controlling for socio-economic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), fasting serum leptin levels, pubertal development and sex hormones.ResultsWe found that increases in emotional symptoms (expβadj = 1.03,s.e. = 0.02,p < 0.04) and peer problems (expβadj = 1.05,s.e. = 0.01,p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with higher serum leptin levels controlled for BMI and sociodemographic factors. Similar results were found when the fasting serum leptin sample was examined (expβadj = 1.08,s.e. = 0.04,p = 0.0294). Gender-stratified analyses showed a significant relationship between serum leptin and peer problems in girls (expβadj = 1.05,s.e. = 0.02,p = 0.03), and a borderline significant association in boys (expβadj = 1.04,s.e. = 0.02,p = 0.05).ConclusionsChildren with peer problems have higher stress and eat more, acquire a higher body fat mass and thus, through increased leptin resistance, exhibit higher leptin levels.
The Left and Organized Labor in Low-Inflation Times
Authors: Simoni Marco 
Published: April 2013

This article presents fresh empirical data showing that policy alignment between center-left governments and trade unions was a sustained feature of European politics between 1974 and 2005. this contradicts expectations of a wide delinkage between the electoral left and labor as a consequence of globalization, deindustrialization, and unionization decline. However, structural economic change has altered the policy field so that sustained policy alignment can no longer be explained by existing theoretical frameworks.Based on a theoretical argument and a multivariate empirical test, the article contends that policy alignment is likelier to occur if labor plays an important role in economic management at the microlevel and the industry level and if unions are politically cohesive agents thanks to powerful confederation leadership supported by democratic decision-making practices. in making its case, the article bridges the literatures on comparative capitalism and party politics, in order to account for change and continuity in policy-making processes.
Transmission of shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO104:H4 at a family party possibly due to contamination by a food handler, Germany 2011
Authors: DIERCKE M. , KIRCHNER M. , CLAUSSEN K. , MAYR E. , STROTMANN I. , FRANGENBERG J. , SCHIFFMANN A. , BETTGE-WELLER G. , ARVAND M. , UPHOFF H. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYWe investigated a cluster of shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) O104:H4 infections after a family party during a large STEC O104:H4 outbreak in Germany. To identify the vehicle we conducted a retrospective cohort study. Stool samples of party guests, and food and environmental samples from the catering company were tested for STEC. We defined cases as party guests with gastrointestinal symptoms and laboratory-confirmed STEC infection. We found 23 cases among 71 guests. By multivariable analysis consumption of salmon [odds ratio (OR) 15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·3–97], herb cream (OR 6·5, 95% CI 1·3–33) and bean salad (OR 6·1, 95% CI 1·4–26) were associated with STEC infection. STEC O104:H4 was detected in samples of bell pepper and salmon. The food handler developed STEC infection. Our results point towards transmission via several food items contaminated by a food handler. We recommend regular education of food handlers emphasizing their role in transmitting infectious diseases.
Serotype and surface protein gene distribution of colonizing group B streptococcus in women in Egypt
Authors: SHABAYEK S. , ABDALLA S. , ABOUZEID A. MH. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. We determined the distribution of serotypes and surface protein encoding genes of GBS strains from pregnant and non-pregnant women in Egypt. Vaginal swabs from 364 women were screened by culture and 100 (27·4%) yielded GBS. Serotype V was the most predominant (33%), followed by serotypes II (17%), III (15%), Ia (14%), VI (12%), Ib (8%) and IV (1%). The most common surface protein genes were epsilon (27%), alp3 (26%), bca (18%), rib (16%) and alp2 (10%). Two isolates were negative for surface protein genes. The distribution of serotypes and surface proteins was similar to reports from other parts of the world but the relatively high frequency of serotype VI was a notable feature of the strains from women in Egypt.
Raptor habitat use in the Lake Chad Basin: insights into the effect of flood-plain transformation on Afrotropical and Palearctic raptors
Authors: BUIJ RALPH , CROES BARBARA M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWest African flood-plains have undergone major land-use transformations in the second half of the 20th century. To obtain insight in the effect of flood-plain development for irrigated rice cultivation on the abundance, richness, and diversity of Palearctic and Afrotropical raptors, we conducted monthly transect surveys covering dry and wet seasons in four major habitats on the Waza-Logone flood-plain of Cameroon: dry grasslands, cultivated grasslands, rice fields, and seasonally flooded grasslands resembling natural flood-plain vegetation. We recorded 36 raptor species among 2,533 individuals, dominated by Black Kite Milvus migrans, which comprised 42% of counts. Although richness and diversity were not related to land-use for Palearctic raptors, Afrotropical raptor diversity was higher on the flooded grasslands compared to the newly created cultivated habitats and dry grasslands. The abundance of Afrotropical raptors did not significantly differ across habitats but was lower in rice-fields when Black Kite and Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus were excluded. Conversely, Palearctic raptor abundance was highest in post-harvest rice fields, demonstrating the importance of the rice fields as foraging habitat for Palearctic raptors. Further transformation of West Africa’s flood-plains is expected, reducing their capacity for Afrotropical raptors, while Palearctic raptors may benefit from expansion of rice-fields, but more research is needed on their vulnerability to pesticide use.
Antidepressants and the placebo response
Authors: Kirsch Irving 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYAims – To evaluate new generation antidepressants in relation to the placebo response. Methods – I review meta-analyses in which response to antidepressant medication and response to placebo were calculated. Results – All but one of these meta-analyses included unpublished as well as published trials. Most trials failed to show a significant advantage of SSRIs over inert placebo, and the differences between drug and placebo are not clinically significant for most depressed patients. Documents obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revealed an explicit decision to keep this information from the public and from prescribing physicians. Conclusions – Because they do not incur drug risks, exercise and psychotherapy, which show at benefits at least equal to those of antidepressants, may be a better treatment choice for depressed individuals.Declaration of Interest: The author has not in the last 2 years received any support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies, from interests potentially in conflict with this work.
Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Reveal Altered Relationship Between Non-verbal Reasoning Abilities and White Matter Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ellmore Timothy M. , Li Hai , Xue Zhong , Wong Stephen T.C. , Frye Richard E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAltered brain connectivity accompanies autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the relationship between connectivity and intellectual abilities, which often differs within ASD, and between ASD and typically developing (TD) children, is not understood. Here, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to explore the relationship between white matter integrity and non-verbal intelligence quotients (IQ) in children with ASD and in age- and gender-matched TD children. Tract-based spatial statistical analyses (TBSS) of DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) revealed altered relationships between white matter and IQ. Different relationships were found using within-group analyses, where regions of significant (p< .05, corrected) correlations in ASD overlapped minimally with regions of FA-IQ correlations in TD subjects. An additional between-groups analysis revealed significant correlation differences in widespread cortical and subcortical areas. These preliminary findings suggest altered brain connectivity may underlie some differences in intellectual abilities of ASD, and should be investigated further in larger samples as a function of development. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–6)
A study on body-weight perception, future intention and weight-management behaviour among normal-weight, overweight and obese women in India
Authors: Agrawal Praween , Gupta Kamla , Mishra Vinod , Agrawal Sutapa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the socio-economic differential in the self-perception of body weight, future intention for weight management and actual weight-management behaviour among normal-weight, overweight and obese women in India.DesignA population-based follow-up survey of ever-married women, systematically selected from the second round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998–99) samples, who were re-interviewed after four years in 2003.SettingInformation on women's perception about their own weight, intention of weight management and actual weight-management behaviour were collected through personal interview. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from women to compute their current BMI.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-five ever-married women aged 20–54 years residing in the national capital territory of Delhi in India.ResultsDiscrepancy between self-perceived body weight and women's actual body weight was reported. One-quarter of overweight women and one in ten obese women perceived themselves as normal weight. Although a majority of overweight and obese women wanted to reduce their weight, a significant proportion of overweight (one in four) and 4 % of obese women also wanted to maintain their weight as it is. Only one in three overweight and one in four obese women were performing any physical activity to reduce their weight.ConclusionsThese findings are important for public health interventions in obesity care. Implementation of health promotion and health education in the community should use effective school education and mass-media programmes to raise awareness of appropriate body weight to combat the growing level of obesity among Indian women.
Conflict without casualties … a note of caution: non-lethal weapons and international humanitarian law
Authors: Massingham Eve 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the last decade considerable expense has been invested in non-lethal weapons development programmes, including by the United States military and other members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and members of the European Working Group Non-Lethal Weapons. This paper acknowledges the potential suitability of non-lethal weapons for specific situations arising on the battlefield, but cautions against those who advocate for any weakening of existing international humanitarian law frameworks to provide for greater employment of non-lethal technologies.
Effects of exercise‐induced muscle damage on resting metabolic rate, sub‐maximal running and post‐exercise oxygen consumption
Authors: Burt Dean Gareth , Lamb Kevin , Nicholas Ceri , Twist Craig 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD), described as the acute weakness of the musculature after unaccustomed eccentric exercise, increases oxidative metabolism at rest and during endurance exercise. However, it is not known whether oxygen uptake during recovery from endurance exercise is increased when experiencing symptoms of EIMD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EIMD on physiological and metabolic responses before, during and after sub‐maximal running. After a 12 h fast, eight healthy male participants completed baseline measurements comprising resting metabolic rate (RMR), indirect markers of EIMD, 10 min of sub‐maximal running and 30 min of recovery to ascertain excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Measurements were then repeated at 24 and 48 h after 100 Smith‐machine squats. Data analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) increases in muscle soreness and creatine kinase (CK) and decreases in peak knee extensor torque at 24 and 48 h after squatting exercise. Moreover, RMR, physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses during sub‐maximal running and EPOC were increased in the two days after squatting exercise (P<0.05). It is suggested that the elevated RMR was a consequence of a raised energy requirement for the degradation and resynthesis of damaged muscle fibres. The increased oxygen demand during sub‐maximal running after muscle damage was responsible for the increase in EPOC. Individuals engaging in unaccustomed resistance exercise that results in muscle damage should be mindful of the increases in resting energy expenditure and increased metabolic demand to exercise in the days that follow.
Fourth‐order variants of Newton's method without second derivatives for solving non‐linear equations
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Hajarian Masoud 
Published: April 2013

PurposeSolving the non‐linear equation f(x)=0 has nice applications in various branches of physics and engineering. Sometimes the applications of the numerical methods to solve non‐linear equations depending on the second derivatives are restricted in physics and engineering. The purpose of this paper is to propose two new modified Newton's method for solving non‐linear equations. Convergence results show that the order of convergence of the proposed iterative methods for a simple root is four. The iterative methods are free from second derivative and can be used for solving non‐linear equations without computing the second derivative. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate that proposed iterative algorithms are effective.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, first the authors introduce two new approximations for the definite integral arising from Newton's theorem. Then by considering these approximations, two new iterative methods are provided with fourth‐order convergence which can be used for solving non‐linear equations without computing second derivatives.FindingsIn this paper, the authors propose two new iterative methods without second derivatives for solving the non‐linear equation f(x)=0. From numerical results, it is observed that the new methods are comparable with various iterative methods. Also numerical results corroborate the theoretical analysis.Originality/valueThe best property of these schemes is that they are second derivative free. Also from numerical results, it is observed that the new methods are comparable with various iterative methods. The numerical results corroborate the theoretical analysis.