bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophotographic Printing of RFID Antenna Coils on Cofired and Postfired Ceramics
Authors: Büttner Dustin , Krüger Klaus , Zobrist Beat , Schönberger Andreas , Jung Dieter 
Published: October 2015

Digitally printed electronics are a major field of activity in research and industrial applications nowadays, especially in thick-film technology. Within the last decade great progress has been made in print electronics toward the goal of supplementing or replacing the established screen printing technology. The advantage of digital printing is its capability for rapid production without any layout-specific tools (i.e., screens). This highly flexible production method is especially applicable for prototyping and small series productions.
Electrophotography, commonly known as laser printing, has been considered very rarely as a method for digital printing of electronic circuits. It is a completely solvent-free method with high speeds and a high potential for precision. At Helmut Schmidt University, electrophotography is being developed as an alternative method to print silver lines as a basis for a conductive layout.
Following the publication of the first set of conductive silver lines to be printed, this paper covers the development from initial conductivity to a functional circuit element. Deficits in toner transfer to tape are examined and a more effective transfer method is established. Furthermore, the used silver toner is improved, and its performance is tested regarding the desired application. Silver lines are printed on green tape and sintered in a cofiring process, as well as on ceramic using a postfiring process. After reaching a certain level of quality, a set of functional RFID antenna coils is printed that proves the capability of the process to create a conductive layout.
Formulation of Percolating Thermal Underfills Using Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Microparticles and Nanoparticles by Centrifugal Forces and Capillary Bridging
Authors: Brunschwiler Thomas , Schlottig Gerd , Ni Songbo , Liu Yu , Goicochea Javier V. , Zürcher Jonas , Wolf Heiko 
Published: October 2015

Thermal underfills are crucial to support integration density scaling of future integrated circuit packages. Therefore, a sequential process using hierarchical self-assembly of microparticles and nanoparticles is proposed to achieve percolating thermal underfills with enhanced particle contacts. The three main process steps are assembly of filler particles by centrifugation, formation of nanoparticle necks by capillary bridging, and backfilling of the porous structure with an unfilled capillary adhesive.
Numerical simulations predicting trajectories and distributions of micron-sized particles dispensed into a rotating disk are presented. The trajectories exhibit a strong dependence on particle size; thus, in the case of polydisperse filler particles, nonuniform particle beds may result. An efficient centrifugal disk design with spiral-like guiding structures is experimentally validated. Defect-free, percolating particle beds in confined space with fill fractions of 46 vol.% to 66 vol.%, that is, close to the theoretical limit, are also presented.
The self-assembly of nanoparticles, forming enhanced thermal contacts between the percolating filler particles, is discussed. Two consecutive evaporation patterns during the capillary bridging process were identified: (1) dendritic network growth, and (2) collapse of capillary bridges. The concave neck topology could only be achieved at temperatures below the boiling point. An optimal evaporation temperature of 60°C with respect to in-plane uniformity and neck shape was identified. Existing thermal gradients normal to the cavity surface resulted in strongly asymmetric neck formation in the cavity. Hence, uniform heating in an oven is the preferred method to initiate evaporation. Two types of bimodal dielectric necks are demonstrated. Polystyrene acts as the adhesive between thermally conductive alumina particles to form mechanically stable dielectric necks after an annealing step at 140°C. Interstitial and core-shell necks are presented.
Finally, a benchmark study was performed to compare the effective thermal conductivity of the percolating thermal underfill with and without necks with state-of-the-art capillary underfills. A close to fivefold improvement could be obtained for diamond filler particles with silver necks (3.8 W/m·K).
Reasons for Visits to an Emergency Center and Hemostatic Alterations in Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Authors: Cagini Carlo , Iannone Alessia , Bartolini Anna , Fiore Tito , Fierro Tiziana , Gresele Paolo 
Published: October 2015

Purpose To evaluate causes of visits to the Eye Emergency Department, determine the prevalence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH), and assess the role of hemostatic abnormalities among patients with spontaneous recurrent SCH (SRSCH). Methods In a prospective study conducted over 2 years, hemostatic function was studied in a subgroup of 105 consecutive patients (39 male) with SRSCH free of systemic risk factors and in 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) (24 male). Results A total of 10,090 patients (mean age 57.2 ± 16.7 years, range 0-94, median 58.4) were evaluated. A total of 39.3% had ocular trauma, 34.9% inflammatory ocular surface disorder, 5.7% floaters, 3.3% visual symptoms of neurologic origin, 1.6% uveitis, 1.5% ocular hypertension, 0.8% retinal tear or detachment, 0.7% retinal vascular disease, and 0.5% other causes. A total of 1.6% of the patients were hospitalized. A total of 11.7% of patients had SCH: in 86.7% it was spontaneous, in 13.3% consequent to trauma or to ocular surface disorders. A total of 105 patients had SRSCH, and the prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities among them was not different from HC. Type I von Willebrand disease was diagnosed in 1 patient with SCH and in none of the HC (χ2 = 0.13, p = 0.72). Conclusions Most patients had ocular infection or trauma and were treated on an outpatient basis; SCH was the third cause of access. The large majority of SCH were unprovoked, and the prevalence of hemostatic alterations in patients with SRSCH and no systemic causes was not different from the general population. Hemostatic screening or second level blood clotting tests were of no use in these patients.
Bounce resonance diffusion coefficients for spatially confined waves
Authors: Li Xinxin , Tao Xin , Lu Quanmin , Dai Lei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTheoretical bounce resonance diffusion coefficients from interactions between electrons and spatially confined waves are derived and validated. Roberts and Schulz bounce resonance diffusion coefficients assume waves to be present on the whole bounce trajectory of particles; therefore, they are not directly applicable to waves that have a finite spatial extent. We theoretically derive and numerically validate a new set of bounce resonance diffusion coefficients for spatially confined waves. We apply our analysis to magnetosonic waves, which are confined to equatorial regions, using a previously published magnetosonic wave model. We find that the bounce resonance diffusion coefficients are comparable to the gyroresonance diffusion coefficients. We conclude that bounce resonance diffusion with magnetosonic waves might play an important role in relativistic electron dynamics.
Electron distribution function formation in regions of diffuse aurora
Authors: Khazanov G. V. , Tripathi A. K. , Sibeck D. , Himwich E. , Glocer A. , Singhal R. P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe precipitation of high‐energy magnetospheric electrons (E ∼ 600 eV–10 KeV) in the diffuse aurora contributes significant energy flux into the Earth's ionosphere. To fully understand the formation of this flux at the upper ionospheric boundary, ∼700–800 km, it is important to consider the coupled ionosphere‐magnetosphere system. In the diffuse aurora, precipitating electrons initially injected from the plasma sheet via wave‐particle interaction processes degrade in the atmosphere toward lower energies and produce secondary electrons via impact ionization of the neutral atmosphere. These precipitating electrons can be additionally reflected upward from the two conjugate ionospheres, leading to a series of multiple reflections through the magnetosphere. These reflections greatly influence the initially precipitating flux at the upper ionospheric boundary (700–800 km) and the resultant population of secondary electrons and electrons cascading toward lower energies. In this paper, we present the solution of the Boltzman‐Landau kinetic equation that uniformly describes the entire electron distribution function in the diffuse aurora, including the affiliated production of secondary electrons (E < 600 eV) and its energy interplay in the magnetosphere and two conjugated ionospheres. This solution takes into account, for the first time, the formation of the electron distribution function in the diffuse auroral region, beginning with the primary injection of plasma sheet electrons via both electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves and whistler mode chorus waves to the loss cone, and including their subsequent multiple atmospheric reflections in the two magnetically conjugated ionospheres. It is demonstrated that magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling is key in forming the electron distribution function in the diffuse auroral region.
Vibration‐induced dynamical weakening of pyroclastic flows: Insights from rotating drum experiments
Authors: Valverde Jose Manuel , Soria‐Hoyo Carlos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPyroclastic flows are characterized by their high mobility, which is often attributed to gas fluidization of the usually fine and/or low‐density particles. However, the physical mechanism that might drive sustained fluidization of pyroclastic flows over extraordinarily long runout distances is elusive. In this letter it is proposed that a powerful mechanism to weaken the frictional resistance of pyroclastic flows would arise from the prolonged and intense mechanical vibrations that commonly accompany these dense gravitational fluid‐particle flows. The behavior of fine powders in a slowly rotating drum subjected to vibrations suggests that fluid‐particle relative oscillations in granular beds can effectively promote the pore gas pressure at reduced shear rates. Dynamical weakening, as caused by the enhancement of pore fluid pressure, may be an important mechanism in any geophysical process that involves vibrations of granular beds in a viscous fluid. This is particularly relevant for granular flows involving large amounts of fine and/or light particles such as pyroclastic density currents.
Infant feeding practices and childhood diet at Apollonia Pontica: Isotopic and dental evidence
Authors: Schmidt Jodi , Kwok Cynthia , Keenleyside Anne 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study analyzes deciduous dental pathology and stable isotopes to investigate the relationship between diet, feeding practices, and oral health in a subadult skeletal sample from the Greek colonial site of Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria (mid‐5th to mid‐3rd Centuries BC).MethodsStable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was conducted on 74 bone collagen samples, and the deciduous dentitions of 85 individuals aged 8.5 months to 11 years were examined for evidence of caries, calculus, antemortem tooth loss, abscesses, and occlusal tooth wear.Resultsδ13C and δ15N values of the collagen samples indicate that weaning began between the ages of 6 months and 1 year, and was complete for most individuals by the age of 3. The isotopic data are consistent with a mixed diet of primarily terrestrial C3 resources. The dental pathology data indicate that complementary foods provided to young children had an impact on their oral health early on. Four outliers exhibited elevated δ15N values compared with the adult female range and lower levels of tooth wear than other members of their age groups. Possible explanations include prolonged breastfeeding, the consumption of diets elevated in 15N, and physiological/nutritional stress.ConclusionsThe deciduous dental data correlate well with the isotopic data and are consistent with later textual sources regarding the timing and duration of weaning, and the composition of complementary foods. The results of this research demonstrate the value of combining isotopic and dental evidence to investigate the dietary practices of infants and young children and the impact of these practices on oral health. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:284–299, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Solid‐State Generation of (BN)2‐Pyrenes and Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Wang Suning , Yang Deng‐Tao , Lu Jiasheng , Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Gong Shaolong , Wang Xiang , Mellerup Soren K. , Wakamiya Atsushi , Chang Yi‐Lu , Yang Chuluo , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNew BN‐heterocyclic compounds have been found to undergo double arene photoelimination, forming rare yellow fluorescent BN‐pyrenes that contain two BN units. Most significant is the discovery that the double arene elimination can also be driven by excitons generated electrically within electroluminescent (EL) devices, enabling the in situ solid‐state conversion of BN‐heterocycles to BN‐pyrenes and the use of BN‐pyrenes as emitters for EL devices. The in situ exciton‐driven elimination (EDE) phenomenon has also been observed for other BN‐heterocycles.
Remarkable Differences in Reactivity between Benzothiazoline and Hantzsch Ester as a Hydrogen Donor in Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Hee , Akiyama Takahiko , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDescribed herein are differences in behavior between a Hantzsch ester and a benzothiazoline as hydrogen donors in the chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with p‐anisidine. The asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with a Hantzsch ester as a hydrogen donor provided the corresponding chiral amines exclusively, regardless of the structures of the ketones, whereas a similar transformation with a benzothiazoline provided chiral amines and p‐methoxyphenyl‐protected primary amines in variable yields, depending on the structures of both the ketones and benzothiazolines. Because a benzothiazoline has an N,S‐acetal moiety that is vulnerable to p‐anisidine, the primary amine can be formed through transimination of the benzothiazoline with p‐anisidine followed by reduction of the resulting aldimine with remaining benzothiazoline.
A novel fluorescent probe based on rhodamine hydrazone derivatives bearing a thiophene group for Al3+
Authors: Li Meng‐xiao , Zhang Xia , Fan Yu.‐hua. , Bi Cai‐feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the present work, a novel 5‐methyl‐thiophene‐carbaldehyde‐functionalized rhodamine 6G Schiff base (RA) was designed and easily prepared as an Al3+ fluorescent and colorimetric probe, which could selectively and sensitively detect Al3+ by showing enhanced fluorescence emission. Meanwhile distinct color variation from colorless to pink also provided ‘naked eye’ detection of Al3+, due to the ring spirolactam opening of the rhodamine derivative. Other metal ions (including K+, Mg2+, Na+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Li+, Sr2+ and Cu2+) could only induce limited interference. The detection limit of the fluorescent probe was estimated to be 4.17 × 10−6 M, the binding constant of the RA–Al3+ complex was 1.4 × 106 M−1. Moreover, this fluorescent probe RA possessed high reversibility. As aluminum is a ubiquitous metal in nature and plays vital roles in many biological processes, this chemosensor could be explored for biological study applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different Complexation Behavior of P‐Functionalized Ferrocene Derivatives Towards SnCl2, SnCl4 and SnPh2Cl2: Auto‐ionization and Redox‐Type Reactions
Authors: Gawron Matthias , Dietz Christina , Lutter Michael , Duthie Andrew , Jouikov Viatcheslav , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe novel phosphonyl‐substituted ferrocene derivatives [Fe(η5‐Cp)(η5‐C5H3{P(O)(O‐iPr)2}2‐1,2)] (Fc1,2) and [Fe{η5‐C5H4P(O)(O‐iPr)2}2] (Fc1,1′) react with SnCl2, SnCl4, and SnPh2Cl2, giving the corresponding complexes [(Fc1,2)2SnCl][SnCl3] (1), [{(Fc1,1′)SnCl2}n] (2), [(Fc1,1′)SnCl4] (3), [{(Fc1,1′)SnPh2Cl2}n] (4), and [(Fc1,2)SnCl4] (5), respectively. The compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, 1H, 13C, 31P, 119Sn NMR and IR spectroscopy, 31P and 119Sn CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy, cyclovoltammetry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal as well as powder X‐ray diffraction analyses. The experimental work is accompanied by DFT calculations, which help to shed light on the origin for the different reaction behavior of Fc1,1′ and Fc1,2 towards tin(II) chloride.
New Route to Stabilize Ruthenium Nanoparticles with Non‐Isolable Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Martínez‐Prieto Luis Miguel , Ferry Angélique , Lara Patricia , Richter Christian , Philippot Karine , Glorius Frank , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRu nanoparticles (RuNPs) stabilized by non‐isolable chiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), namely SIDPhNp ((4S,5S)‐1,3‐di(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐4,5‐diphenylimidazolidine) and SIPhOH ((S)‐3‐((1S,2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,2‐diphenylethyl)‐1‐((R)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,2‐diphenylethyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐imidazoline), have been synthesized through a new procedure that does not require isolation of the free carbenes. The obtained RuNPs have been characterized by state‐of‐the‐art techniques and their surface chemistry has been investigated by FTIR and solid‐state MAS NMR upon the coordination of CO, which indicated the presence of free and reactive Ru sites. Their catalytic activity has been tested in various hydrogenation reactions involving competition between different sites, whereby interesting differences in selectivity were observed, but no enantioselectivity.
Selective Heterogeneous C−H Activation/Halogenation Reactions Catalyzed by Pd@MOF Nanocomposites
Authors: Pascanu Vlad , Carson Fabian , Solano Marta Vico , Su Jie , Zou Xiaodong , Johansson Magnus J. , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA directed heterogeneous C−H activation/halogenation reaction catalyzed by readily synthesized Pd@MOF nanocatalysts was developed. The heterogeneous Pd catalysts used were a novel and environmentally benign Fe‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) (Pd@MIL‐88B‐NH2(Fe)) and the previously developed Pd@MIL‐101‐NH2(Cr). Very high conversions and selectivities were achieved under very mild reaction conditions and in short reaction times. A wide variety of directing groups, halogen sources, and substitution patterns were well tolerated, and valuable polyhalogenated compounds were synthesized in a controlled manner. The synthesis of the Pd‐functionalized Fe‐based MOF and the recyclability of the two catalysts are also presented.
Ring Expansions of Boroles with Diazo Compounds: Steric Control of C or N Insertion and Aromatic/Nonaromatic Products
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Hupp Florian , Krummenacher Ivo , Mailänder Lisa , Rauch Florian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAccess to novel imine‐substituted 1,2‐azaborinines, as well as highly arylated boracyclohexa‐3,5‐dienes has been developed by ring expansion of boroles with diazoalkanes with varying degrees of steric bulk. The formation of a diazoalkane intermediate is also discussed for the reaction of ortho‐brominated p‐tolyl‐azide with 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenylborole. Structural details as well as UV/Vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric data are provided. These boron‐containing heterocycles have the potential to serve as building blocks for boron‐containing materials.
Facile Synthesis of Size‐Tunable Functional Polyimidazolium Macrocycles through a Photochemical Closing Strategy
Authors: Yan Tao , Sun Li‐Ying , Deng Yu‐Xin , Han Ying‐Feng , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA synthetic strategy for the preparation of a series of polyimidazolium macrocycles from the corresponding dicarbene‐derived metallacycles is described. Photodimerization of terminal cinnamic esters (UV‐irradiation, λ=365 nm) produces the closed metallacycles with perfect stereoselectivity and high yields. Subsequent removal of the template from the photodimerization product results in polyimidazolium macrocycles. The size and shape of the receptor can be tuned easily by changing the length and breadth of the internal bridging groups of the ligands. Preliminary investigation shows the potential of the macrocycle as iodide sensor.
Conversion of Carbon Monoxide‐Rich Synthesis Gas to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols over Cu/Co/ZnO/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Schröder Johannes , Arnold Ulrich , Abeln Johannes , Sauer Jörg , Döring Manfred 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCatalysts of the type Cu/Co/ZnO/SiO2 were prepared by impregnation, subsequent calcination and reduction with hydrogen. Characterization of the catalysts was carried out by ICP‐AES, BET measurements and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses. Furthermore, temperature programmed reduction was employed to investigate their reduction behavior. The catalysts were tested in the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and alcohols. High CO conversions could be reached in a single reactor pass. Selectivity was highest for methane, and short‐chain hydrocarbons, but alcohols were also formed.
The clinical usefulness of the intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph node metastases by a rapid RT‐PCR system in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Yanagita Shigehiro , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Arigami Takaaki , Daisuke Matsushita , Okubo Keishi , Kijima Takashi , Arima Hideo , Hirata Munetsugu , Haraguchi Naoto , Hagihara Takahiko , Nishizono Yuka , Ishigami Sumiya , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of pathological lymph node metastases in patients with gastric cancer is 5% to 10%, which means that approximately 90% of patients with gastric cancer may undergo unnecessary lymphadenectomy. The precise intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SN) metastases is essential. The purpose of the current study was to verify the usefulness of a rapid reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) system compared with hematoxylin and eosin staining for such diagnoses.METHODSA total of 113 patients with clinical T1‐T2 (cT1‐T2) gastric cancer, including 73 patients with cT1cN0 disease with a tumor diameter <4 cm, were enrolled in the current study. SNs were identified by a radioisotope method. Carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 were used as markers for RT‐PCR and the cutoff values were set using 1701 lymph nodes harvested from 157 patients with gastric cancer.RESULTSSNs were detected in all 113 patients. Sensitivity and accuracy for detection by paraffin section were both 100% in patients with cT1 disease and were 60% and 90%, respectively, in patients with cT2 disease. The sensitivity of RT‐PCR for the detection of pathological SN metastases was 92.3%. Furthermore, 11 patients had SN metastases detected only by RT‐PCR, and these patients had frequent lymphatic invasion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining detected SN metastases in 6 of 73 patients with cT1cN0 gastric cancer; RT‐PCR and frozen section detected SN metastases in 6 and 4 of these patients, respectively. Accordingly, the sensitivity of RT‐PCR and frozen section for the detection of those pathological SN metastases were 100% and 66.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe rapid RT‐PCR system appears to have clinical usefulness for the intraoperative detection of SN metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer 2016;122:386–392. © 2015 American Cancer Society.