bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nylon nanoweb with TiO2 nanoparticles as a solid matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Jo‐Il , Ryu Su‐Yeol , Park Jong‐Min , Noh Joo‐Yoon , Kang Min‐Jung , Kwak Seung‐Yeop , Pyun Jae‐Chul 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEThe solid matrices used for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) enable the analysis of small molecules by preventing fragmentations of organic matrix molecules in the low mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) range. In this work, a nylon nanoweb with TiO2 particles was developed as a solid matrix for MALDI‐TOFMS to improve the low intensities of mass peaks, narrow detection ranges and low signal‐to‐noise levels.METHODSThe nylon nanoweb with TiO2 particles was prepared by simultaneously electrospinning a nylon nanoweb and electrospraying TiO2 nanoparticles measuring 25 nm in diameter to form TiO2 spheres 300 nm in diameter.RESULTSMS of multiple analytes was demonstrated in the low molecular weight range using eight amino acids. Additionally, leucine‐enkephalin (555.6 g/mol) and cyclic citrullinated peptide (1668 g/mol) were used as model analytes to test the feasibility of a nylon nanoweb containing TiO2 particles as a solid matrix for MALDI‐TOFMS.CONCLUSIONSThe nylon nanoweb with TiO2 particles can be applied for the detection of volatile small molecule analytes in the m/z ratio range of small molecules. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance‐based wind evaluation and strengthening of existing tall concrete buildings in the Los Angeles region: dampers, nonlinear time history analysis and structural reliability
Authors: Hart Gary C. , Jain Anurag 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a methodology in wind design including in a scientific way the benefits of using dampers and of performing a nonlinear dynamic analysis of tall concrete buildings that are being evaluated and strengthened. It is developed for tall buildings in the Los Angeles region but is without geographic bounds. The uses of equations of structural reliability form this scientific basis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of Women's Aggression Against Partners and Others: Broadening Our Understanding of Violence
Authors: Rivera Echo A. , Kubiak Sheryl P. , Bybee Deborah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch on women's aggression typically focuses on relational aggression. However, the study of violence must include multiple forms of violence such as aggression against partners and non‐partner others, while also considering victimization experiences by partners and non‐partners. The focus of this study is the multiple experiences of violence (perpetration and victimization) of women who are incarcerated. Incarcerated women are likely to experience higher rates of both than women in community settings, but most will be released in a brief period of time. Using a random sample (N = 580) we conducted cluster analyses to identify five patterns of women's aggression. Clusters varied depending on the target/s of aggression (i.e., partner and/or others), and type of aggression (i.e., physical and/or intimidation). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between women's membership in a perpetration cluster and their victimization. Victimization history was related to an increased risk of perpetrating aggression, and varied depending on the target and type of aggression. Our findings provide support that research and interventions addressing women's use of aggression must also address their victimization history. Furthermore, results indicate that for some women, aggression towards partners and others is related. Future research should investigate multiple forms of aggression.
High prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with genetically proven mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Franik Sebastian , Huidekoper Hidde H. , Visser Gepke , de Vries Maaike , de Boer Lonneke , Hermans‐Peters Marion , Rodenburg Richard , Verhaak Chris , Vlieger Arine M. , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Wortmann Saskia B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite major advances in understanding the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases, clinical management of these conditions remains largely supportive, and no effective treatment is available. We therefore assumed that the burden of disease combined with the lack of adequate treatment leaves open a big market for complementary and alternative medicine use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use and perceived effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine in children and adults with genetically proven mitochondrial disease. The reported use was surprisingly high, with 88 % of children and 91 % of adults having used some kind of complementary and alternative medicine in the last 2 years. Also, the mean cost of these treatments was impressive, being €489/year for children and €359/year for adult patients. Over‐the‐counter remedies (e.g., food supplements, homeopathy) and self‐help techniques (e.g., Reiki, yoga) were the most frequently used complementary and alternative therapies in our cohort: 54 % of children and 60 % of adults reported the various complementary and alternative medicine therapies to be effective. Given the fact that currently no effective treatment exists, further research toward the different therapies is needed, as our study clearly demonstrates that such therapies are highly sought after by affected patients.
A Threshold Disability Score Corresponds with an Estimated Diagnosis of Clinical Depression in Patients with Upper Extremity Disease
Authors: Molleman Jeroen , Janssen Stein J. , Overbeek Celeste L. , Ring David 
Published: October 2014

Background The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a threshold Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score among patients with common hand diagnoses that corresponds with an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression. Methods Two hundred sixty-nine patients with one of five common upper extremity disorders completed a measure of upper extremity-specific disability (QuickDASH or DASH) and a questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) or Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the discriminatory value of a threshold DASH score for an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression was assessed. The threshold DASH score with the highest positive predictive value for an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression was selected. In bivariate analysis, the association between demographic factors, disease factors, and an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression was examined. Results The area under the ROC curve for a threshold DASH value diagnostic of an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression was 0.75, indicating clinical usefulness for a threshold DASH score as a screening test for depression. The highest positive predictive value of 72 % occurred at a threshold QuickDASH/DASH score of 55. In bivariate analysis, only diagnosis and years of education were significantly different between patients with and without an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression. Conclusion A DASH score of 55 or greater in patients with common upper extremity disorders has an acceptable area under the curve and positive predictive value for an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression. Level of Evidence: Level 3, diagnostic study
Evaluating the Performance of Detergent Powder Formulations Containing Nano Alumina Using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition Techniques
Authors: Khanmohammadi M. , rezaee Rudmianeh H. , bagheri Garmarudi A. , Ghasemi K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn analytical method has been introduced based on diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) coupled with pattern recognition techniques to determine the efficiency of various detergent powder formulations containing nano alumina. In order to reach this aim, different multivariate classification methods such as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminate analysis (LDA) were utilized for diffuse reflectance spectra to evaluate the classification approach. The best model was predicted by LDA, with a correct classification rate (%CC) of 93.55 %. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity for the test set were 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. These results confirm the capability of DRIFTS coupled with chemometric techniques for estimating the performance of detergent powder formulations containing nano alumina.
Far from the Eyes, Close to the Heart: Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Consequences
Authors: Serino Matteo , Blasco-Baque Vincent , Nicolas Simon , Burcelin Remy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThese days, the gut microbiota is universally recognized as an active organ that can modulate the overall host metabolism by promoting multiple functions, from digestion to the systemic maintenance of overall host physiology. Dysbiosis, the alteration of the complex ecologic system of gut microbes, is associated with and causally responsible for multiple types of pathologies. Among the latters, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity are each distinguishable by a unique gut microbiota profile. Interestingly, the specific microbiota typically found in the blood of diabetic patients also has been observed at the level of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we report evidence from the literature, as well as a few controversial reports, regarding the putative role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which are common comorbidities of metabolic dysfunction.
Horizontal turbulent diffusion in a convective mixed layer
Authors: Ito Junshi , Niino Hiroshi , Nakanishi Mikio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA large eddy simulation (LES) is used to estimate a reliable horizontal turbulent diffusion coefficient, $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}K_{{h}}$, in a convective mixed layer (CML). The introduction of a passive scalar field with a fixed horizontal gradient at a given time enables $K_{{h}}$ estimation as a function of height, based on the simulated turbulent horizontal scalar flux. Here $K_{{h}}$ is found to be of the order of $100\ {\mathrm{m}}^2\ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for a typical terrestrial atmospheric CML. It is shown to scale by the product of the CML convective velocity, $w_{*}$, and its depth, $h$. Here $K_{{h}}$ is characterized by a vertical profile in the CML: it is large near both the bottom and top of the CML, where horizontal flows associated with convection are large. The equation pertaining to the temporal rate of change of a horizontal scalar flux suggests that $K_{{h}}$ is determined by a balance between production and pressure correlation at a fully developed stage. Pressure correlation near the bottom of the CML is localized in convergence zones near the boundaries of convective cells and becomes large within an eddy turnover time, $h/w_{*}$, after the introduction of the passive scalar field.
Collision rates of small ellipsoids settling in turbulence
Authors: Siewert C. , Kunnen R. P. J. , Schröder W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe propose that the collision rates of non-spherical particles settling in a turbulent environment are significantly higher than those of spherical particles of the same mass and volume. The theoretical argument is based on the dependence of the particle drag force on the particle orientation, thus varying gravitational settling velocities, which can remain different until contact due to the particle inertia. Therefore, non-spherical particles can collide with large relative velocities. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of streamwise decaying isotropic turbulence seeded with small, heavy, rotationally symmetric ellipsoids of five different aspect ratios are performed to confirm these arguments. The motion of 21 million ellipsoids is tracked by a Lagrangian particle solver assuming creeping flow conditions and neglecting the influence of the particles on the flow. We find that ellipsoids collide considerably more often than spherical particles of the same volume and mass due to a drastically increased mean relative velocity at contact.
ALEVIS UNDER LAW: THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN TURKEY
Authors: Hurd Elizabeth Shakman 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProponents of minority rights are calling for urgent measures to protect the Copts in Egypt, the Ahmadiyya in Pakistan, and the Baha'i in Iran to secure religious diversity, shield minority populations from discriminatory practices, and prevent the outbreak of religious violence. State governments, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and international tribunals promote religious liberalization as the antidote to the violence and discord that is often attributed to these divisions. Enshrined in international agreements and promoted by a small army of experts and authorities, legal protections for religious minorities are heralded as the solution to the challenges of living with social and religious diversity. This article examines how the complexities and ambivalences of ordinary religious belonging are translated and transformed through the process of becoming legalized and governmentalized. It documents the risks of adopting religion as a category to draw together individuals and communities as corporate bodies that are depicted as in need of legal protection to achieve their freedom. The argument is developed through an extended case study of the legal status of the Alevis in Turkey, a community and a category formally constituted as a single whole as part of the Turkish nation-building project. It evaluates two legal constructions of Alevism by the Turkish state and the European Court of Human Rights. While premised on differing assumptions about Alevism, both erase the indeterminacy and open-endedness surrounding Alevism as a lived tradition embedded in a broader field of social and cultural practices, while bolstering the role of the state in defining and overseeing Turkish religiosities.
Owner misperception of canine body condition persists despite use of a body condition score chart
Authors: Eastland-Jones Rebekah C. , German Alexander J. , Holden Shelley L. , Biourge Vincent , Pickavance Lucy C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCanine obesity is a prevalent disease, but many owners are unaware of it, partly due to misperception of their dog's body shape. Body condition scoring (BCS) is a simple method of assessing body composition, but whether it can reduce owner misperception is unclear. Our aim was to determine the effect of a BCS system on owners' ability to estimate the body condition of their dog. Information from 110 dog owners attending three UK veterinary practices was gathered, by interview, between March and April 2013. First, owners were asked to determine their dog's body condition without guidance, and then reassess it using a five-point BCS chart. Most owners (85/110, 77 %) believed the chart to have improved their ability to estimate the condition of their dog correctly. However, only a weak agreement existed between owner estimates and those of the primary investigator, both with (kappa (κ) = 0·28; P < 0·001) and without (κ = 0·32; P < 0·001) the BCS chart. Furthermore, most owners incorrectly estimated their dog's body condition, both with (71/110; 64 %) and without (72/110; 65 %) the chart (P = 1·00), with underestimation being most common (with = 63/71, 89 %; without = 66/72, 92 %; P = 0·57). Owners of overweight dogs more commonly misperceived their dog's body condition, both with (BCS 1–3: 5/35, 14 %; BCS 4–5: 64/75, 85 %; P < 0·001) and without (BCS 1–3: 10/35, 28 %; BCS 4–5: 61/75, 81 %; P < 0·001) the BCS chart. Thus, use of a five-point BCS chart does not improve accuracy of owners' perception of their dog's body shape, despite the accompanying perception that it does.
Consumption of whole grains in French children, adolescents and adults
Authors: Bellisle France , Hébel Pascale , Colin Justine , Reyé Béatrice , Hopkins Sinead 
Published: October 2014

The consumption of whole grain foods is associated with many nutritional, health and weight control benefits. The present study assessed whole grain intake in France on the basis of a 7 d dietary survey in a representative sample of children, adolescents and adults (Comportements et Consommations Alimentaires en France 2010 survey). Special care was taken to identify and assess the intake of all whole grains. All foods consumed were considered, with no lower limit on whole grain content. For the majority of foods, details regarding the whole grain contents were obtained from brand information and quantitative nutrient declarations on food labels. Over half of the respondents reported never consuming any whole grain. In participants who did, consumption levels were very low (about 9·1 g/d in children and 14·4 g/d in adults). The main food sources of whole grains were breakfast cereals in children and adolescents and bread in adults. Consumers of whole grains had higher daily intakes of fibre and several vitamins and minerals than non-consumers. In adults but not in children, the OR for overweight/obesity decreased significantly as the level of whole grain consumption increased. Although a majority of French consumers comply with the national recommendation to consume a starchy food with each meal, they do so with minimal consumption of whole grain foods.
On Commuting Varieties of Nilradicals of Borel Subalgebras of Reductive Lie Algebras
Authors: Goodwin Simon M. , Röhrle Gerhard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLet G be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We consider the commuting variety of the nilradical of the Lie algebra of a Borel subgroup B of G. In case B acts on with only a finite number of orbits, we verify that is equidimensional and that the irreducible components are in correspondence with the distinguishedB-orbits in . We observe that in general is not equidimensional, and determine the irreducible components of in the minimal cases where there are infinitely many B-orbits in .
Lp-Spectral Multipliers for some Elliptic Systems
Authors: Kunstmann Peer Christian , Uhl Matthias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe show results onLp-spectral multipliers for Maxwell operators with bounded measurable coefficients. We also present similar results for the Stokes operator with Hodge boundary conditions and the Lamé system. Here, we rely on resolvent estimates recently established by Mitrea and Monniaux.
Age structure of the Vulnerable white-lipped peccaryTayassu pecariin areas under different levels of hunting pressure in the Amazon Forest
Authors: Ramos Rossano Marchetti , Pezzuti Juarez C. B. , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSubsistence hunting can change the demographic structure of wild mammal populations, increasing the proportion of young animals, inducing females to reproduce early and increasing litter sizes. We examined the relationship between hunting pressure and age structure in the Vulnerable white-lipped peccaryTayassu pecari, analysing the distribution of age classes at seven sites in the region Terra do Meio in the Brazilian Amazon. These sites differ in the number of human inhabitants and hence were subject to differing hunting pressures. We completed semi-structured interviews with local people to assess the importance of hunting and of the white-lipped peccary as food. We also estimated the age of hunted white-lipped peccaries by assessing tooth eruption and tooth wear in skulls of hunted individuals. Our results indicated that the white-lipped peccary was the most frequently hunted terrestrial animal in the region. Fishing, followed by hunting, provided the main sources of animal protein. Our data suggest there is no relationship between age structure and hunting at the study sites. The social structure and mobility of white-lipped peccaries seem to minimize the effects of hunting on age structure. Our results, similar to previous studies, show that the age structure of the white-lipped peccary is robust to hunting impacts. Other factors may have stronger effects on age structure than subsistence hunting. We suggest that deforestation may explain the prevalence of older individuals in peccary populations to the north of our study sites.
Apokatastasisand apostolicity: a response to Oliver Crisp on the question of Barth's universalism
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOliver Crisp argues that Karl Barth is incoherent on the question of universal salvation. Making use of a modal distinction between contingent and necessary universalism, Crisp claims that Barth's theology leads to the view that all peoplemustbe saved, yet Barth denies this conclusion. Most defences of Barth reject the view that his theology logically requires the salvation of all people; they try to defend him by appealing, as Barth himself seems to do at times, to divine freedom. This article argues that, even though his theology does lead necessarily to the conclusion of universal salvation, it is still coherent for him to deny universalism on his own methodological grounds, since the necessity and the denial operate at different levels. Barth has other commitments in his theology than mere logical consistency. To support this claim, I argue that the necessity which belongs to God's reconciling work in Christ coincides with a double contingency: (a) the ‘objective’ contingency of Christ's particular history and (b) the ‘subjective’ contingency with which this reconciliation confronts particular human beings and calls them to participate in the apostolic mission of Jesus. In each case, necessity coincides paradoxically with a kind of contingency, such that, within Barth's theology, we can speak of what Kevin Hector calls ‘contingent necessity’ or what Eberhard Jüngel calls ‘eschatological necessity’. Most debates over universalism focus on the objective side. There the question is whether the necessity of Christ's universally effective work compromises divine freedom. But Barth's concern on this point is whether the necessity is ‘transcendent’ or ‘immanent’, that is, whether it is determined by God or the creature, and since God can indeed will the salvation of all, this poses no problem in principle for affirming universal salvation. Barth's central concern has to do with the issue of ‘subjective’ necessity. Barth denies that theology is ever a matter of describing what is objectively or generally the case regarding God and the world. On the contrary, he situates theology within the existential determination and subjective participation of the one called to bear witness to Jesus Christ. For this reason, he rejects all worldviews, including universalism. The rejection of universalism is the affirmation of apostolicity.
Characterization of electron density of states in laser-superposed channeling regime
Authors: Berec Vesna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present low-dimensional functionalization and characterization of electron density of states using highly correlated/precisely guided proton beam trajectories and a silicon nanocrystal as a target, representing at a same time a versatile nanolaser technique capable for coherent control of atomic quantum states and for scanning the interior of an atom with resolution comparable to 10% of the Bohr radius.