bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation of urinary bisphenol A with kisspeptin in girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche
Authors: Özgen İlker Tolga , Torun Emel , Bayraktar-Tanyeri Bilge , Durmaz Erdem , Kılıç Elif , Cesur Yaşar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is known as an endocrine disruptor and it is supposed to have a role on the development of central precocious puberty (CPP). Kisspeptin, a hypothalamic peptide, is a neuromodulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone and it has an important role on regulation of the onset of puberty. The BPA levels in girls with CPP and premature thelarche (PT) and its relation with kisspeptin levels were investigated.Twenty-eight girls with CPP, 28 girls with PT and 22 prepubertal girls as a control group were enrolled to the study. Urinary BPA and serum kisspeptin levels were compared in the groups. Bivariate correlations were performed to evaluate the relations of BPA with kisspeptin and estradiol.There was no statistical difference between groups regarding BPA levels. Serum kisspeptin levels were higher in CPP group than controls [306.56 (interquartile range (IQR), 175.63–504.66) vs. 157.62 (IQR, 55.61–285.00) p: 0.008]. There were no correlations between BPA and kisspeptin levels (r: 0.088, p: 0.391) and between BPA and estradiol (r: –0.171, p: 0.144).The BPA levels did not differentiate between groups and it seems that the exposed amount of BPA in daily life did not affect kisspeptin levels in girls with CPP and PT.
Anxiety, depression and self-esteem levels in obese children: a case-control study
Authors: Topçu Seda , Orhon Filiz Şimşek , Tayfun Meltem , Uçaktürk Seyit Ahmet , Demirel Fatma 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObesity is a global health problem affecting all age groups. Childhood obesity, which may cause chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, etc., deserves more attention. However, few studies highlight the association between childhood obesity and psychological diseases. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the psychological condition in obese children.One hundred and sixty-seven obese (body mass index (BMI) >95th percentile) and 200 normal weight children (BMI between 5th and 85th percentile) aged 9–16 years were enrolled into this case-control study. In order to assess the self-concept, anxiety and depression levels: the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS), state and trait anxiety inventory for children (STAI-C) and the children depression inventory (CDI) were administered both obese and control groups.There were significant differences among obese and control groups in terms of the total score of PHCSCS [55 (22–69) versus 65 (57–74)], STAI-C [37 (20–55) versus 28 (20–42)], and CDI [12 (4–39)] versus [8 (3–19)]; respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). We also found statistically significant differences among groups in all of the subscales parameters of PHCSCS (p<0.001).Our results indicate that obese children may experience psychiatric disorders more than normal-weight peers.
Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children
Authors: Hafez Mona , El-Masry Sahar , Musa Noha , Fathy Marwa , Hassan Mona , Hassan Nayera , El Husseiny Mohamed , Tareef Mahmoud 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased significantly worldwide with an alarming rise of its co-morbidities. The excess of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hypertension, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Our aim was to find a possible association between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen, as one of the cardiovascular risk factors, in obese children.Forty-three obese children and 40 non-obese controls were studied regarding their history, complete physical examination, anthropometric assessment, body composition analysis, ultrasonographic measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat as well as laboratory measurement of plasma fibrinogen.Our study revealed significant higher levels of fibrinogen in obese children than controls (14.5+5.1 and 2.9+0.52 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. Moreover, the obese group had statistically significant difference in visceral fat (5.96+0.77 cm) and subcutaneous fat (2.66+0.70 cm) than controls (2.45+0.65 and 0.70+0.18 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. In addition, fibrinogen had significant positive correlation with body mass index (r=0.327), waist/hip ratio (r=0.394), fat percentage (r=0.301), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.323) and subcutaneous fat (r=0.301).There was highly significant increase in the fibrinogen level, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in the obese group with insignificant sex differences. Fibrinogen had a significant positive correlation with the different adiposity markers, blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Visceral adipose tissue is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular risk compared to subcutaneous fat.
Effect of different culture media on isolation and differentiation of dendritic cells / Farklı besiyerlerinin dendritik hücre izolasyon ve farklılaşmasına etkisi
Authors: Yılmaz Ayşe Mine , Altundağ Ergül Mutlu , Gedik Gülşah , Koçtürk Semra , Süha Yalçın A. , Taga Yavuz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: Dendritic cells (DCs) are members of the mammalian immune system and are considered to be the most powerful antigen presenting cells. They are responsible for the induction of T-cells or T-cell dependent immunity and tolerance. In this study we have investigated the effect of different serum supplements on generation and yield of mature dendritic cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Methods: Three different serum supplements (10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 1% Human Serum Albumin and 1% autologous serum) were compared with serum-free media to identify the role and importance of serum supplements on DC cultivation. Effect of different media on maturation signs (CD40, CD80, CD86, CD209a) and cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12, IL-6) was examined.
Results: DCs generated in serum-free media was similar to those of cells in medium with autologous serum. Few dendritic-like cells were observed in fetal bovine serum and human serum albumin. The effect of different media on maturation of DCs was compared phenotypically and increased expression of CD80, CD86 and CD209a identified maturation and yield of DCs.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that serum free media can be used to overcome potential drawbacks associated with different serum containing supplements.
Optimization of physical parameters for phycobiliprotein extracted from Oscillatoria agardhii and Synechococcus nidulans / Oscillatoria agardhii ve Synechococcus nidulans türlerinden fikobiliprotein ekstraksiyonu için fiziksel parametrelerin optimizasyonu
Authors: Deniz İrem , İmamoğlu Esra , Dalay Meltem Conk 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: Physical process parameters play a major role in the cultivation of cyanobacteria to provide high yield. The aim of this study was to optimize physical parameters such as light intensity and agitation rate which might affect the phycobiliprotein formations for cyanobacterial strains of Oscillatoria agardhii and Synechococcus nidulans using response surface methodology.
Methods: The cyanobacterial strains were cultured in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of EM medium in orbital shaking incubator under the temperature of 22±2°C at different light intensities and agitation rates for 10 days. The experimental design was carried out using 22 full-factorial experiments design with four axial points (α=1.414) and five replicates at the central point (65 μmol photons m-2s-1 and 150 rpm), according to the central composite design.
Results: The optimization solution of O. agardhii (approximately at 156 rpm under the light intensity of 65 μmol photons m-2s-1) was selected because it resulted in the highest predicted response with the highest desirability. Furthermore, the optimization solution for S. nidulans suggested the phycobiliprotein amount of 9.95 mg/L obtaining at the agitation rate of 185 rpm under the light intensity of 46 μmol photons m-2s-1. The optimized results were reliable and the regions studied were proven to be statistically adequate.
Conclusion: High agitation rate stimulated the faster growth than increased the light intensity for the growths of cyanobacterial strains.
Epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thioredoxin in cerebral tissue following cerebral ischemia / Serebral iskemi sonrası beyin dokusunda epidermal büyüme faktörü, tümör nekrozis faktör alfa ve tiyoredoksin
Authors: Kömürcü Hatice Ferhan , Kılıç Nedret , Demirbilek Melike Erol , Kahraman Serdar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: In this study, the changes in the levels of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and thioredoxine (TRX) in the cerebral tissue of rats following the cerebral ischemia model were investigated.
Methods: The left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was done in 27 out of 48 rats recruited into the study for obtaining focal cerebral ischemia model (MCAO group). Twenty-one rats underwent a sham operation; the middle cerebral artery was exposed but not occluded (Sham group). EGF, TNF-α, and TRX levels were studied in the operated left and contralateral hemispheres at the 16th, 48th, and 96th hours, and on the 30th day after operation in both sham and MCAO groups.
Results: EGF levels at 96th hour in MCAO group were higher than those of sham group in both right and left hemispheres; and also the levels of EGF at 48th hour in MCAO group were lower significantly than those of sham group in just left hemisphere. In MCAO group, TNF-α levels on the 30th day in right hemisphere were higher than those in left hemisphere. Whereas TRX levels at the 48th hour in right hemisphere were higher than those in left hemisphere.
Conclusion: The results suggested that cerebral ischemia following MCAO might affect EGF, TNF-α and TRX levels in both ischemic and contralateral hemispheres in cerebral tissue; and this effect may change by the time passed after MCAO.
SiMiSnoRNA: Collection of siRNA, miRNA, and snoRNA database for RNA interference / SiMiSnoRNA: RNA Interferansı için siRNA, miRNA ve snoRNA veritabanında depolanan siRNA, miRNA, and snoRNA koleksiyonları
Authors: Kalathiya Umesh , Padariya Monikaben , Baginski Maciej , Padariya Chintankumar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: The discovery of sequence specific gene silencing which occurs due to the presence of double- stranded RNAs has considerable impact on biology, revealing an unknown level of regulation of gene expression. This process is known as RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecule. Two types of small RNA molecules-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are central to RNA interference. Therefore, SiMiSnoRNA database has been developed to focus on the efficient storage of RNA interferences or small RNA sequences and qualitative analysis of its structures across variety of organisms.
Methods: SiMiSnoRNA database is developed using WAMP server which implements Apache, MySQL, and PHPas principal components.
Results: A flexible web-based search engine is developed to obtain fast access to specific small RNA sequence information.
Conclusion: BLAST search analysis within SiMiSnoRNA enables users to compare their own query sequence data with SiMiSnoRNA database to retrieve related information. To facilitate data consistency, publicly available information from NCBI has been integratedinto database that can be conveniently used for research on the experimental and molecular biology.
Anomalous X-ray Scattering on Semiconducting Glasses at ESRF: Review in Recent Fifteen Years
Authors: Hosokawa Shinya , Stellhorn Jens Rüdiger , Pilgrim Wolf-Christian , Bérar Jean-François 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The most difficult issue for the structural characterizations for
non-crystalline multi-component materials is to determine partial
structures because n(n + 1)/2 scattering experiments with different
scattering cross-sections are necessary for n-component
materials. More than three decades have already passed through since
anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) using synchrotron radiation (SR) was
expected as a promising tool for investigating partial
structures. Compared with a related method, X-ray absorption fine
structure, however, AXS is still rarely used owing to difficulties in
the experiments and data analyses. We have developed a new detecting
system, which can fully utilize intense X-ray fluxes from
third-generation SR facilities. Using this detecting system, we have
carried out many AXS experiments at the beamline BM02 of the ESRF on
several semiconducting glasses. The obtained differential structure
factors were analyzed using reverse Monte Carlo modeling to draw
three-dimensional atomic configurations. In this article, we review
results of semiconducting glasses, and describe the structure-property
relations in these glasses.
Working Jews: Hazanim and the Labor of Religion in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Rabin Shari 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article uses the case of hazanim, nonordained Jewish religious functionaries, to explore how religious work operated as a market activity in the nineteenth century. Building on recent work at the intersection of religion, class, and capitalism, it recasts ministers, rabbis, and other religious leaders as contracted workers who sought ways to acquire wages through the specific marketing of ritual authority. Scholars have described the history of the American ministry as a path toward professionalization, seen as the outcome of clerical self-assertion in the aftermath of disestablishment. These accounts, however, ignore the everyday social and economic factors shaping the development of American religious institutions, which were particularly challenging for Jews, who had specific needs for religious labor, no existential distinction between ministers and congregants, and no institutional infrastructure to oversee qualifications and placement. As Jews founded congregations in the United States, they required particular human resources, which were acquired through unregulated contracts and unreliable credentials. These complex conditions contributed to the possibility of religious exploitation, personal fraud, communal instability, interpersonal distrust, and social conflict, which shifted in meaning and intersected with notions of religious authenticity. In this context, Jews increasingly prioritized preaching and teaching and founded national institutions, which together would make religious work more specialized, labor markets more efficient, and the resultant professionals more reliable in their work. Understanding religious workers in this way encourages us to see how religion was, and is, labor.
Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia experience salt loss and hypoglycemia: evaluation of adrenal crises during the first 6 years of life
Authors: Odenwald Brigitte , Nennstiel-Ratzel Uta , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Schmidt Heinrich , Wildner Manfred , Bonfig Walter 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate adrenal crises after the start of treatment up to the age of 6 years in children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).DesignAnalysis of data extracted from a population-based prospective long-term follow-up study of children detected in neonatal screening.MethodsData of 102 Bavarian children with classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were analyzed, using parental questionnaires and medical reports. Parent-reported hospital admissions of children diagnosed with acute health impairment were included in the analysis if salt loss (hyponatremia) or hypoglycemia was documented in the discharge summary.ResultsA total of 74 children (72.5%) had no report of hospital admissions with salt loss or hypoglycemia during the observational period. However, in 27.5% of the children, 22 salt-wasting crises (seven of these also with low blood glucose) and 16 hypoglycemic episodes without salt loss were reported. Furthermore, the cumulative incidence for seizures was elevated; 13 children experienced seizures during hyponatremia or hypoglycemia. Most adrenal crises were triggered by infections, often with inappropriate emergency management, but in 11 cases hypoglycemia occurred unexpectedly, without evidence of severe illness and without any management errors. Frequency of adrenal crises was 6.5 per 100 patient years (95% CI: 4.6–8.8).ConclusionsCrisis prevention remains a permanent challenge for families and physicians caring for children with classic CAH. Expert care and compliance with emergency recommendations are crucial. Further research on the interactions among glucocorticoid deficiency, adrenomedullary dysfunction, and glucose metabolism is necessary for the prevention of hypoglycemia, especially in young CAH patients.
Synergistic Pleiotropy Overrides the Costs of Complexity in Viral Adaptation
Authors: McGee Lindsey W , Sackman Andrew M , Morrison Anneliese J , Pierce Jessica , Anisman Jeremy , Rokyta Darin R 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Adaptive evolution progresses as a series of steps toward a multidimensional phenotypic optimum, and organismal or environmental complexity determines the number of phenotypic dimensions, or traits, under selection. Populations evolving in complex environments may experience costs of complexity such that improvement in one or more traits is impeded by selection on others. We compared the fitness effects of the first fixed mutations for populations of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage evolving under simple selection for growth rate to those of populations evolving under more complex selection for growth rate as well as capsid stability. We detected a cost of complexity manifested as a smaller growth rate improvement for mutations fixed under complex conditions. We found that, despite imposing a cost for growth rate improvement, strong complex selection resulted in the greatest overall fitness improvement, even for single mutations. Under weaker secondary selective pressures, tradeoffs between growth rate and stability were pervasive, but strong selection on the secondary trait resulted largely in mutations beneficial to both traits. Strength of selection therefore determined the nature of pleiotropy governing observed trait evolution, and strong positive selection forced populations to find mutations that improved multiple traits, thereby overriding costs incurred as a result of a more complex selective environment. The costs of complexity, however, remained substantial when considering the effects on a single trait in the context of selection on multiple traits.
¿MULTIPLICAR Tetrastichus howardi (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) EN LA ORUGA DE LA SEDA AFECTA SU BIOLOGÍA?
Authors: Piñeyro Nahara Gabriela , Fagundes Pereira Fabricio , Gomes Borges Felipe Luis , Rossoni Camila , De Souza Silva Antonio , Oliveira Kassab Samir 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p class="p2">La multiplicación sucesiva de parasitoides en hospederos alternativos, puede afectar las características biológicas y comprometer los sistemas de cría masiva de estos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la multiplicación de Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) en pupas del hospedero alternativo Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), durante tres generaciones. Y si eso afecta su desempeño reproductivo, cuando se cría, posteriormente, en pupas del hospedero natural Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Las informaciones obtenidas en este estudio pueden mejorar y facilitar el control biológico de plagas, principalmente, con la utilización de parasitoides, debido a que T. howardi parasita y se desarrolla en pupas de B. mori. De forma general, la multiplicación de T. howardi durante tres generaciones en pupas del hospedero alternativo B. mori no compromete las características biológicas de este parasitoide cuando se multiplica en su hospedero natural D. saccharalis a los efectos de su utilización en programas de control biológico.</p><p class="p1"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="p2">The successive multiplication of parasitoids in alternative hosts can affect the biological characteristics and compromise the systems for massive rearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the multiplication of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of the alternative host Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) for three generations, affects its reproductive performance, when are reared, then in pupae of the natural host Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The information obtained in this study can improve and facilitate the biological control of pests, mainly with the use of parasitoids, due to the fact that T. howardi parasite and develops into pupae of B. mori. In general, the multiplication of T. howardi for three generations in the alternative host pupae of B. mori does not compromise the biological characteristics of this parasitoid when multiplied in its natural host D. saccharalis to the effects of their use in biological control programs.</p><p class="p2"> </p>
Clases de potencias de dos en sucesiones k-generalizadas de Fibonacci
Authors: Gómez Carlos Alexis 
Published: November 2015

La sucesión k-generalizada de Fibonacci [Fórmula] es la sucesión<br />lineal recurrente de orden k, cuyos primeros k términos son 0,... 0, 1 y cada término posterior es la suma de los k términos precedentes. Se dice que dos o más términos de una sucesión k-generalizada de Fibonacci están en la misma clase de potencia de dos si los mayores factores impares de los términos son idénticos. En este trabajo, se muestra que para cadaK ≥ 2, sólo hay dos tipos de clases de potencias de dos en una secuencia k-generalizada de Fibonacci: una, cuyos términos son todas las potencias de dos en la sucesión y la otra, con un único término.