bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Comparison of Older and Younger Adults Undergoing Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Mild to Moderate Calculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Fuks David , Duhaut Pierre , Mauvais Francois , Pocard Marc , Haccart Vincent , Paquet Jean‐Christophe , Millat Bertrand , Msika Simon , Sielezneff Igor , Scotté Michel , Chatelain Denis , Regimbeau Jean Marc 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the demographic characteristics and intra‐ and postoperative outcomes in elderly adults (≥75) with those of younger adults undergoing early (<5 days after onset of complaints) cholecystectomy.DesignRetrospective analysis from May 2010 to August 2012.SettingRandomized, multicenter, clinical trial (ABCAL Study, NCT01015417).ParticipantsIndividuals with mild or moderate acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) according to the Tokyo Guidelines (N = 414; n = 78 aged 75–94, median 82; n = 336 aged 18–74, median 49).MeasurementsDemographic characteristics and pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative data.ResultsThe elderly group was more likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or greater (62% vs 23%, P < .001), higher serum creatinine (103 vs 74 μmol/L, P < .001), and more‐severe ACC (moderate ACC (62% vs 50%, P = .05), gangrenous cholecystitis (38% vs 15%, P = .001)) on preoperative imaging and confirmed intraoperatively. Ulcerated mucosa (76% vs 61%, P = .001) was significantly more frequent in the elderly group. Operative time, postoperative mortality, and postoperative infectious (18% vs 14%, P = .35) and noninfectious (9% vs 3%, P = .80) complications were similar between the two groups. Median length of stay (7.0 vs 5.0 days, P = .54) and readmission rate (15% vs 4%, P = .07) were not significantly higher in the elderly group. No significant difference was observed for the subgroup of participants aged 80 and older.ConclusionIn this randomized trial that included a selected sample of older adults, there was no difference in major outcomes between elderly adults and their younger counterparts after early cholecystectomy. The findings are limited because important geriatric outcomes such as delirium and functional decline were not examined.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in People Aged 85 and Older
Authors: Marvin Kastley , Parham Kourosh 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and treatment patterns of differentiated thyroid cancer in older adults.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.ParticipantsIndividuals age 85 and older with a primary thyroid cancer diagnosis of papillary or follicular histology diagnosed between 1988 and 2007 (N = 424).MeasurementsAge, sex, histology, extent of disease, tumor size, treatment, type of surgery, cause of death, and length of survival.ResultsTumor size and extent of disease were significantly related to cause of death (P = .02). Participants who did not have surgery were more likely to die of their thyroid cancer than of any other cause (P = .01), and whether a participant had surgery was significantly related to age (P = .002). Participants who had surgery had significantly longer survival than those who did not (P < .001). Type of surgery (P = .92) and adding radioactive iodine after surgery (P = .07) did not appear to influence length of survival.ConclusionAlthough differentiated thyroid cancer is typically considered a relatively indolent disease, this is not the case in older adults. Surgery appears to reduce the likelihood of death from thyroid cancer in this population and confers a survival benefit. Type of surgery and adding radioactive iodine therapy do not seem to improve the survival benefit of surgical management.
Correlation of central memory CD4+ T‐Cell decrease in the peripheral blood with disease progression in SIVmac251‐infected Chinese rhesus macaques
Authors: Cong Zhe , Xue Jing , Xiong Jing , Yao Nan , Wang Wei , Jiang Hong , Chen Ting , Chen Zhiwei , Wei Qiang , Qin Chuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundCorrelation of CD4+ Tcm cells in the peripheral blood to disease progression in SIVmac251 infection was examined in Chinese rhesus macaques.MethodsPlasma viral RNA loads were measured by a quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–PCR (qRT‐PCR) assay for SIV gag. Disease progression was determined based on time of survival. Phenotyping of CD4+ T‐cell subsets in the peripheral blood was longitudinally performed by flow cytometry.ResultsAlthough CD4+ T‐cell decrease and low CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell ratio in the peripheral blood after SIVmac251 infection did not correlate with disease progression, CD4+ Tcm cell decrease was observed to be correlated to disease progression in the SIVmac251‐infected Chinese rhesus macaques.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CD4+ Tcm cell decrease could be used as a predictive marker for defining the pathogenesis of the SIV disease and consequently HIV/SIV vaccine efficacy in Chinese rhesus macaques.
Immune dysfunction in Niemann‐Pick disease type C
Authors: Platt Nick , Speak Annelise O. , Colaco Alexandria , Gray James , Smith David A. , Williams Ian M. , Wallom Kerri‐Lee , Platt Frances M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases are inherited monogenic disorders in which lysosome function is compromised. Although individually very rare, they occur at a collective frequency of approximately one in five thousand live births and usually have catastrophic consequences for health. The lysosomal storage diseases Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by mutations predominantly in the lysosomal integral membrane protein NPC1 and clinically presents as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In this article we review data that demonstrate significant dysregulation of innate immunity in NPC, which occurs both in peripheral organs and the CNS. In particular pro‐inflammatory responses promote disease progression and anti‐inflammatory drugs provide benefit in animal models of the disease and are an attractive target for clinical intervention in this disorder.
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Niemann‐Pick disease type C is a rare, devastating, inherited lysosomal storage disease with a unique cellular phenotype characterized by lysosomal accumulation of sphingosine, various glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and a reduction in lysosomal calcium. In this review we highlight the impact of the disease on innate immune activities in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues and discuss their contributions to pathology and the underlying mechanisms.
Accumulation of type VI collagen in the primary osteon of the rat femur during postnatal development
Authors: Kohara Yukihiro , Soeta Satoshi , Izu Yayoi , Amasaki Hajime 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn rodents, the long bone diaphysis is expanded by forming primary osteons at the periosteal surface of the cortical bone. This ossification process is thought to be regulated by the microenvironment in the periosteum. Type VI collagen (Col VI), a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periosteum, is involved in osteoblast differentiation at early stages. In several cell types, Col VI interacts with NG2 on the cytoplasmic membrane to promote cell proliferation, spreading and motility. However, the detailed functions of Col VI and NG2 in the ossification process in the periosteum are still under investigation. In this study, to clarify the relationship between localization of Col VI and formation of the primary osteon, we examined the distribution of Col VI and osteoblast lineages expressing NG2 in the periosteum of rat femoral diaphysis during postnatal growing periods by immunohistochemistry. Primary osteons enclosing the osteonal cavity were clearly identified in the cortical bone from 2 weeks old. The size of the osteonal cavities decreased from the outer to the inner region of the cortical bone. In addition, the osteonal cavities of newly formed primary osteons at the outermost region started to decrease in size after rats reached the age of 4 weeks. Immunohistochemistry revealed concentrated localization of Col VI in the ECM in the osteonal cavity. Col VI‐immunoreactive areas were reduced and they disappeared as the osteonal cavities became smaller from the outer to the inner region. In the osteonal cavities of the outer cortical regions, Runx2‐immunoreactive spindle‐shaped cells and mature osteoblasts were detected in Col VI‐immunoreactive areas. The numbers of Runx2‐immunoreactive cells were significantly higher in the osteonal cavities than in the osteogenic layers from 2 to 4 weeks. Most of these Runx2‐immunoreactive cells showed NG2‐immunoreactivity. Furthermore, PCNA‐immunoreactivity was detected in the Runx2‐immunoreactive spindle cells in the osteonal cavities. These results indicate that Col VI provides a characteristic microenvironment in the osteonal cavity of the primary osteon, and that differentiation and proliferation of the osteoblast lineage occur in the Col VI‐immunoreactive area. Interaction of Col VI and NG2 may be involved in the structural organization of the primary osteon by regulating osteoblast lineages.
Living with chronic illness in adults: a concept analysis
Authors: Ambrosio Leire , Senosiain García Juana Maria , Riverol Fernández Mario , Anaut Bravo Sagrario , Díaz De Cerio Ayesa Sara , Ursúa Sesma María Eugenia , Caparrós Neus , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesTo report an analysis of the concept of Living with chronic illness in adults, using Rodger's evolutionary analytical methodology.BackgroundIn the literature, several qualitative studies exist that address the question of Living with chronic illness from the adult patient's perspective. However, the lack of clarity and consensus among the existing studies renders this concept ambiguous when it is analysed in depth.DesignA narrative review.MethodsA systematic search has been carried out on electronic databases such as Medline (PubMed), Cinahl (Ebsco), Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, Cuiden, Dialnet and Scielo. This was limited to articles published in either Spanish or English, from 2003–2013.ResultsLiving with chronic illness is a complex, dynamic, cyclic and multidimensional process, and involves the development of five different attributes: Acceptance, Coping, Self‐management, Integration and Adjustment. Depending on how these attributes operate, there are four different ways of living which can result from the process of Living with chronic illness: (1) Disavowal, (2) False Normality, (3) The New Normal and (4) Disruption.ConclusionsThis paper contributes to the understanding of the concept ‘Living with chronic illness’. Findings in this analysis have to be evaluated with caution and further research is needed on this topic to confirm them. Also, more studies in evaluating how patients live a long‐term condition are recommended to foster patient‐centred care.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings generated from this concept analysis can raise awareness of Living with chronic illness so that this process could be assessed in a correct and uniform way in the clinical community and improved when needed.
The role of nurses/social workers in using a multidimensional guideline for diagnosis of anxiety and challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Pruijssers Addy , van Meijel Berno , Maaskant Marian , Keeman Noortje , Teerenstra Steven , van Achterberg Theo 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study seeks (1) to investigate the impact of the implementation of the ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and challenging behaviours in clients with intellectual disability’ on nurses/social workers' knowledge and self‐efficacy; and (2) to evaluate the role of nurses/social workers in the diagnostic process when applying the guideline.BackgroundNurses/social workers have extensive contact with clients with intellectual disabilities. Despite this key position, the contribution of nurses/social workers to the diagnosis of mental health problems and challenging behaviours is rather limited. The authors developed the multidimensional ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and challenging behaviours’. In this article, the implementation of this guideline is evaluated concerning knowledge and self‐efficacy of nurses/social workers, as well the role of nurses/social workers in the diagnostic process.DesignThis study employed a comparative multiple case study design.MethodsQualitative and quantitative research methods.ResultsWorking with the ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and challenging behaviours’ led to a statistically significant increase in knowledge and self‐efficacy among the nurses/social workers in the experimental condition, compared with nurses/social workers in the control condition. Nurses/social workers and psychologists appreciated the more active contribution of the nurses/social workers in the diagnostic process.ConclusionsWorking with the guideline increased the knowledge and self‐efficacy of nurses/social workers, and led to more active participation of nurses/social workers in the diagnostic process.Relevance to clinical practiceAfter following a training programme, nurses/social workers can effectively contribute to the diagnostic process in clients with anxiety and related challenging behaviours.
Dental, skeletal asymmetries and functional characteristics in Class II subdivision malocclusions
Authors: Li J. , He Y. , Wang Y. , Chen T. , Xu Y. , Xu X. , Zeng H. , Feng J. , Xiang Z. , Xue C. , Han X. , Bai D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTreatment outcomes of Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions may be compromised because of the uncertainty of the aetiology. Previous studies have reported controversial ideas about the origins, but the existence of a primary contributor still remains unknown. Functional factors have been mentioned as a probable cause, but until now, there have been no supporting data. This study was a cross‐sectional investigation of the characteristics of Angle Class II subdivision malocclusion, including dental, skeletal and functional factors, by comparison of the subdivision group and the normal occlusion group. The evaluations of dental and skeletal asymmetries of both groups were carried out by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and analysis of dental casts. The functional deviations were evaluated by cast mounting and measuring. In the subdivision group, the asymmetric position of the glenoid fossa was found to be the most significant skeletal asymmetry. No dentoalveolar asymmetry was found in this group. The most important finding was that, in subdivision malocclusions, functional deviation resulting in pseudoasymmetry occurred in 32·86% of the study participants. This deviation is probably related to the disharmonious arch width between maxillary and mandibular dental arches in the premolar section. The origin of Angle Class II subdivision malocclusion is multifactorial, with dental, skeletal and functional factors included. Functional deviation occurs, probably due to dental arch width disharmony. Asymmetric position of the glenoid fossa may account for most of the skeletal asymmetry.
Genetic Diversity of Badnaviruses Associated with Bougainvillea in Brazil
Authors: Alexandre Maria Amélia Vaz , Duarte Ligia Maria Lembo , Harakava Ricardo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe genus Bougainvillea is native to South America and is cultivated worldwide for ornamental purposes. To investigate the diversity of bougainvillea badnavirus populations, plants with various types of symptoms from different regions of Brazil were collected and subjected to DNA extraction, PCR, cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that clones from the Brasília (DF) isolate showed maximum identity of 71.7%. No genetic diversity was observed in partial RT/RNase H sequences of Badnavirus isolates derived from the bougainvillea clones grown in São Paulo (SP) state, which shared a monophyletic group with 100% bootstrap in the tree topology reconstructed by maximum likelihood. One clade consistently supported by 100% bootstrap formed by clones of the samples from Minas Gerais (MG) and Ceará (CE) states and Taiwan was also observed. Furthermore, DF, CE and MG isolates formed a monophyletic group with the Delhi isolate, which may represent a new Badnavirus species that infects bougainvillea. Two Brazilian isolates and one from Taiwan appeared to have recombination sites in the RT and RNase H conserved region of BCVBV. These results demonstrate the existence of at least three probably new bougainvillea badnavirus species or strains, which may be spread, as this ornamental is vegetatively propagated.
The effectiveness of environmental strategies on noise reduction in a pediatric intensive care unit: Creation of single‐patient bedrooms and reducing noise sources
Authors: Kol Emine , Aydın Perihan , Dursun Oguz 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeNoise is a substantial problem for both patients and healthcare workers in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of environmental strategies (creating single‐patient rooms and reducing noise sources) in noise reduction in a pediatric intensive care unit.Design and MethodsNoise measurement in the unit was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, measurements aimed at determining the unit's present level of noise were performed over 4 weeks in December 2013. During the month following the first measurement phase, the intensive care unit (ICU) was moved to a new location and noise‐reducing strategies were implemented. The second phase, in May 2014, measured noise levels in the newly constructed environment.ResultsThe noise levels before and after environmental changes were statistically significant at 72.6 dB‐A and 56 dB‐A, respectively (p < .05).Practice ImplicationsSingle‐patient rooms and noise‐reducing strategies can be effective in controlling environmental noise in the ICU.
Octreotide prevents liver failure through upregulating 5′‐methylthioadenosine in extended hepatectomized rats
Authors: Du Zhenggui , Zhou Yongjie , Lu Xufeng , Li Lei , Lu Changli , Li Li , Li Bo , Bu Hong , Yang Jiayin , Shi Yujun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsInsufficient liver regeneration and hepatocyte injury caused by excessive portal perfusion are considered to be responsible for post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PLF) or small‐for‐size syndrome in living‐donor liver transplantation. Somatostatin can decrease portal vein pressure (PVP) but simultaneously inhibits liver regeneration. This interesting paradox motivated us to investigate the outcome of PLF in response to somatostatin treatment.MethodsRats receiving extended partial hepatectomy (90% PH) were treated with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, or placebo. Animal survival, serum parameters and hepatic histology were evaluated. Metabolomic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of octreotide on hepatocyte metabolism.ResultsDespite significantly inhibiting early regeneration, octreotide application noticeably improved the hepatic histology, liver function and survival after PH but did not decrease the PVP level. Metabolomic analysis exhibited that octreotide profoundly and exclusively altered the levels of five metabolites that participate in or closely associate with the methionine cycle, a biochemical reaction that uniquely produces S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe), an active methyl residual donor for methyltransferase reactions. Among these metabolites, 5′‐methylthioadenosine (MTA), a derivate of SAMe, increased three‐fold and was found independently improve the hepatic histology and reduce inflammatory cytokines in hepatectomized rats.ConclusionsOctreotide exclusively regulates the methionine cycle reaction and augments the MTA level in hepatocytes. MTA prominently protects hepatocytes against shear stress injury and reduces the secondary inflammation, thereby protecting rats from PLF.
Risk prediction for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing chemoembolization: development of a prediction model
Authors: Kim Beom Kyung , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young‐Suk , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Lee Han Chu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgrounds & AimsWe aimed to generate and validate a novel risk prediction model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodsPatients receiving TACE as the first‐line therapy between 2006 and 2009 were selected from the databases of two major tertiary hospitals in Korea. This study population was randomly assigned into training (n = 340) and validation (n = 145) sets. From a multivariate Cox‐regression model for overall survival (OS), tumour Size, tumour Number, baseline Alpha‐foetoprotein level, Child–Pugh class and Objective radiological Response after the first TACE session were selected and then scored to generate a 10‐point risk prediction model (named as “SNACOR” model) in the training set. Thereafter, the prognostic performance was assessed in the validation set.ResultsIn the training set, the time‐dependent areas under receiver‐operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for OS at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐years were 0.756, 0.754 and 0.742 respectively. According to the score of the SNACOR model, patients were stratified into three groups; low‐ (score 0–2), intermediate‐ (score 3–6) and high‐risk group (score 7–10) respectively. The low‐risk group had the longest median OS (49.8 months), followed by intermediate‐ (30.7 months) and high‐risk group (12.4 months) (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). Compared with the low‐risk group, the intermediate‐risk (hazard ratio [HR] 2.13, P < 0.001) and high‐risk group (HR 6.17, P < 0.001) retained significant risks of death. Similar results were obtained in the validation set.ConclusionA simple‐to‐use SNACOR model for patients with HCC treated with TACE might be helpful in appropriate prognostification and guidance for decision of further treatment strategies.
Optimizing the Power of Choice: Supporting Student Autonomy to Foster Motivation and Engagement in Learning
Authors: Evans Miriam , Boucher Alyssa R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTChoice plays a critical role in promoting students' intrinsic motivation and deep engagement in learning. Across a range of academic outcomes and student populations, positive impacts have been seen when student autonomy is promoted through meaningful and personally relevant choice. This article presents a theoretical perspective on the motivational role of choice in learning, based on self‐determination theory. Theoretical principles and current research on student motivation and engagement are described. Conditions under which choice promotes students' intrinsic motivation are then presented.