bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lingual Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Causing Death in a Four-Week-Old Infant
Authors: Hanzlick RL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 12-mm spherical thyroglossal duct cyst at the base of the tongue caused the death of a four-week-old infant by obstructing the glottis. Previous case reports of this rare entity indicate that the supine position aggravates airway obstruction. Proof of a cause and effect relationship between such a cyst and death is difficult in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) age group because of nonspecific findings associated with asphyxia and SIDS. Autopsy should include a thorough examination of the oral cavity to detect such lesions.
Phosphoglucomutase Types in Blood and Hair Roots Taken from Post-Transfusion Subjects
Authors: Lawton ME , Kerr LR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Pre- and post-transfusion blood samples were collected from 22 subjects together with the corresponding plucked hair samples taken 2 days and 2 weeks after the transfusion. The phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) subphenotypes of hlood and hair were determined by isoelectric focusing and the phenotypes confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Many of the post-transfusion blood samples showed an alteration in the PGM1 bands when compared with the pre-transfusion samples. However, the PGM1 types determined from the hair samples were identical to the corresponding pre-transfusion samples in all cases.
Ground Versus Earth, There Is a Difference
Authors: Liebler GE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Investigations of injuries and fires caused by electrical circuits and equipment can result in incorrect conclusions when grounding systems are neglected. The term ground is loosely used in electrical jargon as any zero reference point for voltage measurement. Power systems are usually grounded to the earth. Other electrical systems are sometimes grounded to the same earth through a low impedance circuit. Residential grounding systems are described and a simple method is proposed for the investigator's use in evaluating the grounding system for potential shock or equipment damage hazards.
A Review of Handbook of Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology
Authors: Maples WR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
When an investigation involves buried, or even scattered, human remains, archeological field methods are useful in recovering the remains, as well as reconstructing the exact circumstances of their deposition. Many forensic physical anthropologists have sufficient training (and inclination) to do their own archeology, while others prefer to call on colleagues for assistance in such cases. For several years, the editors have taught a course in forensic archeology and conducted various workshops on the subject. This handbook seems to have developed from these activities.
Comparative Study of Postmortem Barbiturates, Methadone, and Morphine in Vitreous Humor, Blood, and Tissue
Authors: Ziminski KR , Wemyss CT , Bidanset JH , Manning TJ , Lukash L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
With the introduction of radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques, it has become toxicologically possible to determine drug concentrations in postmortem vitreous humor. This study demonstrates and confirms this toxicological feasibility. In 49 medical examiner's drug related cases, postmortem tissue levels of morphine, barbiturates, and methadone were compared to the vitreous humor.
A Review of Criminal Investigation—A Guide to Techniques and Solutions
Authors: Brunelle RL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This book is essentially a publication of numerous annotated biliographies which covers a very broad range of subjects in the field of criminal investigation. As such, it is a useful reference text for students or novices in this field. In the opinion of the reviewer, the text does not provide any new information of value to the experienced investigator or forensic scientist.
A Deaf Sex Offender
Authors: Harry B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Sex offenders are common among deaf criminals seen for psychiatric evaluation. This has previously been attributed to discretionary handling of deaf criminals within the criminal justice system. The author presents the case of a deaf sex offender which illustrates discretionary handling, but which also suggests altered psychosexual development. He then discusses several characteristics in the development and lives of deaf people that may contribute to an altered psychosexual development and an increased likelihood of committing sex offenses.
A Clandestine Approach to the Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone from Phenylpropenes
Authors: Dal Cason TA , Angelos SA , Raney JK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A number of published syntheses for the manufacture of controlled substances appear to be impractical for the average clandestine laboratory. A closer inspection of these syntheses may reveal modifications which greatly simplify their application. An excellent example of this is the preparation of phenyl-2-propanone (P-2-P) from allylbenzene. In the prototype published method, oxygen is introduced into the reaction vessel by using a tank of compressed oxygen with a balloon for a gas reservoir. In our modification, oxidation is accomplished with a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution. P-2-P has been prepared by both methods and a comparison made of the reaction mixtures at various times during their synthesis. Additionally, propenylbenzene, a by-product of these reactions, can be converted to P-2-P by modification of a second synthesis. Gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data are presented for each method.
Suicide by the Use of a Chain Saw
Authors: Segerberg-Konttinen M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper describes a case of suicide by the use of a chain saw. Visceral and tissue damage caused by vibrations are documented in occupational medicine, but fatal damage is not often seen at autopsy. This paper gives an account of the damage to viscera and tissues that has been noted when strong vibrations of low frequency have been directed to the body for a very short time with fatal result after a few minutes survival time.
A Review of Inclusion Probabilities in Parentage Testing
Authors: McWright CG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fifty of the fifty-three chapters that comprise this book are the proceedings, discussion, recommended guidelines and conclusions that emerged from the International Conference on Inclusion Probabilities in Parentage Testing held in Airlie, VA, 17–20 May 1982. This conference was hosted by the Committee on Parentage Testing of the American Association of Blood Banks to provide a forum for discussion and to develop guidelines for workers in the area of paternity testing. Participating were scientists and legal experts from the United States and Europe specifically invited for their expertise in the field.
A Review of Post-Traumatic Neurosis
Authors: Drucker F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Post-traumatic neurosis became an important concept in legal medicine over a century ago when bodily injuries and severe emotional stress were experienced in connection with railroad accidents. The disorder has especially flourished since the advent of the automobile and whiplash injuries. While nowhere specifically defined in this volume, the title alludes to the emotional and perhaps to the neurological consequences of acute physical injury.
Bone Marrow Emboli Versus Fat Emboli as the Cause of Unexpected Death
Authors: Perrot LJ , Froede RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thromboemboli were found diffusely throughout the pulmonary vasculature system of a 76-year-old white female who died unexpectedly 3 days following injury and repair of a left hip intracapsular fracture. A diffuse chronic nonspecific myocarditis with marked fat atrophy, an acute myocardial infaret of the posterior left ventricular papillary muscle, and an acute right lower lobe bronchopneumonia are believed to be the cause of death.
Women and Arson: A Demographic Study
Authors: Harmon RB , Rosner R , Wiederlight M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study describes women accused of setting fires in the City of New York who were evaluated between 1980 and 1983 at the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic for the New York Criminal and Supreme Courts. Consideration is given to their age, ethnicity, history of prior mental illness, abuse of controlled substances, economic status, family background, education, and employment. Their methodology, planning, and targeting for their firesetting behavior, as well as reported motivations for engaging in arson, are also considered.
Aspects of the Investigation of the Chemical Processes of Self-Heating as a Fire Cause by Means of Quantitative Thermal Analysis
Authors: Hellmiss G , W Schwanebeck 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A procedure for the investigation of chemical self-heating processes as possible fire causes is presented. The temperature rise for adiabatic conditions is calculated from reaction enthalpy and specific heat and compared with the relevant ignition temperature of the system. The thermodynamic data can be provided by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Additional information can be obtained from thermogravimetric measurements.
Biochemical Changes of the Synovial Liquid of Corpses with Regard to the Cause of Death. 2: Alkaline Phosphatase, Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase (GOT)
Authors: More DS , Castellano Arroyo M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We studied the activity of various enzymes in the synovial liquid of 100 corpses with regard to the cause of death finding that the alkaline phospatase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) are increased in cranioencephalic trauma, possibly as a result of the important cellular lysis which goes with them; and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) is increased in the pulmonary processes, almost certainly with relation to the great quantity of this enzyme in the lung.
Case Involving Differentiation of Deer and Human Bone Fragments
Authors: Owsley DW , Mires AM , Keith MS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In a recent Louisiana forensic anthropology case, it was necessary to attempt species identification of six small bone fragments. The primary concern was whether or not they matched the fractured humerus of a woman killed by two shotgun blasts and then disposed of in the Mississippi River. These tiny fragments were recovered by law enforcement officers inside a jeep pickup and at the gas station where the vehicle had been cleaned. The police suspect claimed that these fragments were from a deer that he had recently killed. The small size of the pieces precluded positive recognition of human versus nonhuman origin based upon gross morphology and cortical thickness. Microscopic examination was possible. This analysis involved comparison of the unknown specimens to reference deer and human thin sections including bone recovered from the woman during autopsy. Examination of the jeep and gas station fragments revealed no plexiform bone, secondary (not primary) osteons, and variability in size and shape of the osteons and Haversian canals. These and other variables identified the bone fragments as human.
A Review of Found! Human Remains
Authors: Kerley ER 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paperback manual appears to have been written primarily for police crime scene investigators who might be faced with the task of recovering human skeletal material for possible criminal investigation. As such it will probably be useful in making crime scene investigators and police in general more aware of the problems that can arise subsequent to inadequate search and recovery efforts and the methods that are optimum for human skeletal recovery. It will also serve to explain the need for meticulous recovery practices and the kinds of information that can be expected from forensic anthropologists if such procedures are followed.
A Study of Shotgun Ricochet from Steel Surfaces
Authors: Hartline PC , Abraham G , Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study was conducted with a 12-gauge shotgun having a 508-mm (20-in.) cylinder-bored barrel firing 00 buckshot. This type of weapon and shot are commonly used by law enforcement agencies. Sheets and plates of steel were used as intermediate targets. A series of shots was fired at close range at angles of incidence below 35° Illustration board, a readily penetrable material, was used as a final target to record the shot pattern of the ricocheted shotgun pellets. The angles of incidence and of ricochet were determined trigonometrically for each round fired. The horizontal and the vertical dispersals of each shotgun pellet were also calculated. The results obtained are compared with those reported by McConnell et al for intermediate targets of concrete road surface material and concrete patio block.
Evaluation of Ethanol Concentrations in Decomposed Bodies
Authors: Zumwalt RE , Bost RO , Sunshine I 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples obtained from 130 putrefied bodies were studied for endogenous ethanol (postmortem neoformation). An objective method of establishing the degree of putrefaction was developed and correlated with the determined ethanol concentration. The ethanol concentration of the vitreous humor was found to be helpful in establishing whether any ethanol detected in blood or putrefied fluid samples was endogenous or exogenous.
Sexual Fatalities: Behavioral Reconstruction in Equivocal Cases
Authors: Hazelwood RR , Dietz PE , Burgess AW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A few sexual fatalities show ambiguous or conflicting evidence of manner of death or, in cases involving partners, of the partner's intent. In such equivocal cases, postmortem behavioral analysis and reconstruction aid in understanding what happened and provide an explanable basis for expert judgment and opinion, even though some eases can never be resolved with certainty. Behavioral analysis and reconstruction are enhanced by experience with related cases that have been solved, detailed investigation of the death scene and other relevant settings, and interviews with survivors.
The Identification of Capsaicinoids in Tear-Gas Spray
Authors: Fung T , Jeffery W , Beveridge AD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
“Natural” capsaicin has been identified in “Halt!” sprays by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Individual capsaicinoids have been identified as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin. The recommended analytical procedure for small samples is HPLC followed by GC/MS. The alternative procedure of solvent extraction and preparation TLC followed by IR is recommended for large samples.
Quantitative Determination by Circular Dichroism of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Confiscated Material
Authors: Bowen JM , McMorrow HA , Purdie N 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
D-Lysergic acid diethylamide has been quantitated in a variety of confiscated specimens by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. Separation of the drug from the specimens was unnecessary. The minimum quantity detected was approximately 2 μg.
Immunologic Determination of Seminal Secretions by a Latex Microtiter Technique
Authors: Matsuzawa S , Itoh Y , Miyauchi C , Hara M , Inoue T , Tsuda R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The presence of human seminal plasma proteins in biological stains was demonstrated by an absorption test using anti-human seminal protein rabbit serum. A decreased degree of antibody activity was titrated on a microtiter plate by the agglutination of latex particles coated with human seminal plasma proteins. This method of test was sensitive and highly specific. The latex reagent for this test could be preserved in a refrigerator for over one year without the loss of reactivity.
Incidence and Toxicological Aspects of Drugs Detected in 484 Fatally Injured Drivers and Pedestrians in Ontario
Authors: Cimbura G , Lucas DM , Bennett RC , Warren RA , Simpson HM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Results are presented of a comprehensive drug study carried out on specimens from drivers and pedestrians fatally injured in Ontario. Toxicological analyses were regularly performed on blood and urine and occasionally on vitreous humor, stomach contents, and liver. The analytical procedures could detect and quantitate a wide variety of drugs including such illicit drugs as Cannabis. With respect to drivers, alcohol was found in 57% of the study sample and drugs other than alcohol, in 26%. However, in only 9.5% of the drivers were psychoactive drugs (other than alcohol) detected in the blood in concentrations that may adversely affect driving skills. Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and diazepam accounted for a majority of the findings in this category.
Reagents for the Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: Synthesis and Properties of Some Ninhydrin Analogues
Authors: Almog J , Hirshfeld A , Klug JT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In an attempt to design new reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints, a number of ninhydrin analogues were synthesized and their reactions with latent fingerprints on paper were studied. The ring-fused and substituted ninhydrins developed latent fingerprints with a sensitivity similar to that of ninhydrin. The most promising of the group was 2,2-dihydroxybenz[f]indane-1,3-dione, which developed latent fingerprints as dark green images with excellent resolution.
A Rapid Method for the Preparation of Transparent Footwear Test Prints
Authors: Petraco N , Resua R , Harris H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A simple and accurate method is presented for the preparation of transparent footwear prints for use as comparison standards. The technique employs the use of transparent sheets of clean-up film and fingerprint powder. The method has proven to be a valuable aid in forensic science cases that involve the examination and comparison of questioned two-dimensional footwear prints.
Datura stramonium: A Fatal Poisoning
Authors: Urich RW , Bowerman DL , Levisky JA , Pflug JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case report of death caused by ingestion of Datura stramonium, also referred to as jimsonweed, thorn apple, or Jamestown weed, is presented. Mass spectral data on urine extracts of a 20-year-old male showed the molecular ions and principal fragment ions of scopolamine and atropine, present in Datura stramonium.
Examination of Cachet Impressions
Authors: Levinson J , Perelman B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The examination of cachet impressions can be an important factor in determining the authenticity of a document. This paper explores the question of how cachets of different materials leave impressions and how the class characteristics of these impressions can be differentiated from individualities. Finally the authors deal with some of the aspects of forgery and the weight of evidence in formulating opinions.
Preterm Cognitive Function Into Adulthood
Authors: Breeman Linda D. , Jaekel Julia , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:
Very preterm (VP; gestational age &lt;32 weeks) and very low birth weight (VLBW; &lt;1500 g) births are related to impaired cognitive function across the life span. It is not known how stable cognitive functions are from childhood to adulthood for VP/VLBW compared with term-born individuals and how early adult cognitive function can be predicted.

METHODS:
The Bavarian Longitudinal Study is a prospective geographically defined cohort study that followed 260 VP/VLBW and 229 term-born individuals from birth to adulthood. Data on cognitive function were assessed with developmental and IQ tests at 5 and 20 months and at 4, 6, 8, and 26 years of age.

RESULTS:
Across all assessments, VP/VLBW individuals had significantly lower IQ scores than term-born controls, even when individuals with severe cognitive impairment (n = 69) were excluded. IQ scores were found to be more stable over time for VP/VLBW than term-born individuals, yet differences in stability disappeared when individuals with cognitive impairment were excluded. Adult IQ could be predicted with fair certainty (r &gt; 0.50) from age 20 months onward for the whole VP/VLBW sample (n = 260) and from 6 years onward for term-born individuals (n = 229).

CONCLUSIONS:
VP/VLBW individuals more often suffer from cognitive problems across childhood into adulthood and these problems are relatively stable from early childhood onward. VP/VLBW children’s risk for cognitive problems can be reliably diagnosed at the age of 20 months. These findings provide strong support for the timing of cognitive follow-up at age 2 years to plan special support services for children with cognitive problems.
The Impact of Rudeness on Medical Team Performance: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Riskin Arieh , Erez Amir , Foulk Trevor A. , Kugelman Amir , Gover Ayala , Shoris Irit , Riskin Kinneret S. , Bamberger Peter A. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Iatrogenesis often results from performance deficiencies among medical team members. Team-targeted rudeness may underlie such performance deficiencies, with individuals exposed to rude behavior being less helpful and cooperative. Our objective was to explore the impact of rudeness on the performance of medical teams.METHODS:Twenty-four NICU teams participated in a training simulation involving a preterm infant whose condition acutely deteriorated due to necrotizing enterocolitis. Participants were informed that a foreign expert on team reflexivity in medicine would observe them. Teams were randomly assigned to either exposure to rudeness (in which the expert’s comments included mildly rude statements completely unrelated to the teams’ performance) or control (neutral comments). The videotaped simulation sessions were evaluated by 3 independent judges (blinded to team exposure) who used structured questionnaires to assess team performance, information-sharing, and help-seeking.RESULTS:The composite diagnostic and procedural performance scores were lower for members of teams exposed to rudeness than to members of the control teams (2.6 vs 3.2 [P = .005] and 2.8 vs 3.3 [P = .008], respectively). Rudeness alone explained nearly 12% of the variance in diagnostic and procedural performance. A model specifying information-sharing and help-seeking as mediators linking rudeness to team performance explained an even greater portion of the variance in diagnostic and procedural performance (R2 = 52.3 and 42.7, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Rudeness had adverse consequences on the diagnostic and procedural performance of the NICU team members. Information-sharing mediated the adverse effect of rudeness on diagnostic performance, and help-seeking mediated the effect of rudeness on procedural performance.