bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changements et évolutions des pratiques professionnelles des prestataires touristiques de sports de nature
Authors: Perrin-Malterre Clémence 
Published: December 2013

Cet article s’intéresse aux changements qui touchent les pratiques professionnelles des prestataires touristiques des sports de nature en lien avec les évolutions socioculturelles qui concernent la société française, et notamment la montée de la transmodernité. Il se situe dans une approche qui privilégie les logiques d’action des acteurs de l’offre. Pour cette étude qualitative, 10 prestataires sportifs du Puy-de-Dôme ont été interrogés. Les résultats montrent que ces prestataires ont fait de leur passion pour les sports de nature une profession. Ils proposent des pratiques sportives douces axées sur la découverte de l’environnement proche. Dans le cadre de leur prestation, ils souhaitent redonner du sens et de la valeur à l’accueil et à l’échange avec le client. Ils ont fait le choix d’un développement limité et ils font preuve d’un fort attachement au lieu. Ils s’inscrivent ainsi dans un autre projet professionnel que les techniciens du sport et les offreurs de services sportifs.
L’imaginaire géographique occidental du Grand Nord et la durabilité à l’épreuve du discours et des pratiques touristiques
Authors: Kohler Valérie 
Published: December 2013

Correspondant à de nouvelles attentes des touristes, l’écotourisme sert de label de qualité aux agences de voyages, notamment pour les destinations touristiques. L’Arctique n’y échappe pas. Les questions de durabilité, présentes dans le discours promotionnel de voyagistes, sont souvent mises en avant au nom d’un tourisme responsable. Cependant, les touristes occidentaux ne s’approprient pas toujours le discours des voyagistes, pas plus que les principes de développement durables préconisés par la gouvernance touristique à l’origine de ces offres. Le discours institutionnalisé pour une gestion touristique durable est mobilisé au niveau politique comme empirique en interrogeant la dimension écologique d’un tourisme arctique changeant. Qu’en est-il de l’intégration de ces principes de durabilité dans les pratiques de voyage, notamment dans le cas des croisières en milieux polaires, des activités dans les villages inuits ainsi que dans le discours des touristes ? À partir d’une étude de cas réalisée à bord d’un navire de croisière le long des côtes du Groenland, cet article s’intéresse aux décalages entre discours et pratiques sur la durabilité afin d’évaluer l’évolution de l’imaginaire géographique du Grand Nord par lequel le touriste construit son voyage et son rapport à l’altérité.
Testing the efficacy of an HIV stigma reduction intervention with medical students in Puerto Rico: the SPACES project
Authors: Varas‐Díaz Nelson , Neilands Torsten B , Cintrón‐Bou Francheska , Marzán‐Rodríguez Melissa , Santos‐Figueroa Axel , Santiago‐Negrón Salvador , Marques Domingo , Rodríguez‐Madera Sheilla 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionStigma associated with HIV has been documented as a barrier for accessing quality health‐related services. When the stigma manifests in the healthcare setting, people living with HIV receive substandard services or even be denied care altogether. Although the consequences of HIV stigma have been documented extensively, efforts to reduce these negative attitudes have been scarce. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma should be implemented as part of the formal training of future healthcare professionals. The interventions that have been tested with healthcare professionals and published have several limitations that must be surpassed (i.e., lack of comparison groups in research designs and longitudinal follow‐up data). Furthermore, Latino healthcare professionals have been absent from these intervention efforts even though the epidemic has affected this population disproportionately.MethodsIn this article, we describe an intervention developed to reduce HIV stigma among medical students in Puerto Rico. A total of 507 medical students were randomly introduced into our intervention and control conditions.ResultsThe results show statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups; intervention group participants had lower HIV stigma levels than control participants after the intervention. In addition, differences in HIV stigma levels between the groups were sustained for a 12‐month period.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate the efficacy of the modes of intervention developed by us and serve as a new training tool for future healthcare professionals with regard to stigma reduction.
On the percentage of lightning flashes that begin with initial breakdown pulses
Authors: Marshall T. , Schulz W. , Karunarathna N. , Karunarathne S. , Stolzenburg M. , Vergeiner C. , Warner T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe initial breakdown (IB) stage of lightning flashes typically occurs in the first 20 ms of a flash and includes a series of IB pulses often detected with electric field change sensors. There is disagreement about the percentage of negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes that begin with IB pulses. This study includes new data on IB pulses in 198 CG flashes in Austria (latitude ~48˚N), Florida, USA (~29˚N) and South Dakota, USA (~44˚N) with, respectively, 100%, 100%, and 95% of the flashes having IB pulses. The data indicate that the amplitude of the largest IB pulse, range normalized to 100 km, is often weak, < 0.5 V m−1, with the lower latitude having a greater percentage (36%) of these weak maximum IB pulses than the higher latitude (11%). Since sensor noise levels are often larger than this value, detection of smaller amplitude IB pulses may be difficult. A similar result is seen in the amplitude ratio of the largest IB pulse to the first return stroke: at the lower latitude, 50% of flashes had a ratio < 0.1 versus 8% of flashes at the higher latitude. However, comparisons of the amplitude ratios from Austria (~48˚) and South Dakota (~44˚) do not support a simple latitude dependence. The data also show that 5–10% of IB pulses occur more than 100 ms before the first return stroke. These findings may explain why some previous studies found percentages <100%. Overall, the results indicate that all negative CG flashes probably begin with IB pulses.
Prognostic implications of the lymph node count after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer
Authors: Persiani R , Biondi A , Gambacorta M A , Bertucci Zoccali M , Vecchio F M , Tufo A , Coco C , Valentini V , Doglietto G B , D'Ugo D 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on the lymph node yield of rectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Data for patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable rectal cancer from June 1992 to June 2009 were reviewed. The primary outcomes measured were the number of lymph nodes retrieved, their status, and patient survival.

Results
In total, 345 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, and 95 patients had surgery alone. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy decreased both the median (range) number of lymph nodes retrieved (7 (1–33) versus 12·5 (0–44) respectively; P &lt; 0·001) and the number of positive lymph nodes (0 (0–11) versus 0 (0–16); P = 0·001). After neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the number of retrieved lymph nodes was inversely correlated with tumour regression, and with the interval between treatment and surgery. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 86·5 and 79·1 per cent respectively. After neoadjuvant therapy, lymph node status was found to be an independent predictor of survival, whereas the number of retrieved lymph nodes did not represent a prognostic factor for either overall or disease-free survival.

Conclusion
Low lymph node count after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer does not signify an inadequate resection or understaging, but represents an increased sensitivity to the treatment.
Terrestrial Heat Flow in the Qagan Sag, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Yin‐Hui ZUO , Nan‐Sheng QIU , Yi‐Xun DENG , Song RAO , Shen‐Mou XU , Jian‐Guo LI 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Qagan sag has the largest oil and gas exploration potential in the Inggen‐Ejin Qi basin, Inner Mongolia. The terrestrial heat flow research is still blank in the Qagan sag and rest of the Inggen‐Ejin Qi basin, which seriously restricts the oil and gas resource assessment in the basin. In this work, 107 rock thermal conductivity data of 19 wells were measured and in‐situ corrected, and the rock thermal conductivities of each stratum were obtained by the union average formula. Based on the 9 wells' temperatures, combined with the above rock thermal conductivity data, the geothermal gradients and terrestrial heat flow were calculated. The results show the Qagan sag has the characteristics of the medium temperature field between tectonically stable and active regions, with an average thermal gradient of 33.6 °C/km and an average terrestrial heat flow value of 74.5 mW/m2. This work provides the geothermal data for oil and gas resource assessment of the Qagan sag and other sags of the Inggen‐Ejin Qi basin.
Extracorporeal shockwave enhanced regeneration of fibrocartilage in a delayed tendon‐bone insertion repair model
Authors: Chow Dick Ho Kiu , Suen Pui Kit , Huang Le , Cheung Wing‐Hoi , Leung Kwok‐Sui , Ng Chun , Shi San Qiang , Wong Margaret Wan Nar , Qin Ling 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFibrous tissue is often formed in delayed healing of tendon bone insertion (TBI) instead of fibrocartilage. Extracorporeal shockwave (ESW) provides mechanical cues and upregulates expression of fibrocartilage‐related makers and cytokines. We hypothesized that ESW would accelerate fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface in a delayed TBI healing model. Partial patellectomy with shielding at the TBI interface was performed on 32 female New Zealand White Rabbits for establishing this delayed TBI healing model. The rabbits were separated into the control and ESW group for evaluations at postoperative week 8 and 12. Shielding was removed at week 4 and a single ESW treatment was applied at week 6. Fibrocartilage regeneration was evaluated histomorphologically and immunohistochemically. Vickers hardness of the TBI matrix was measured by micro‐indentation. ESW group showed higher fibrocartilage area, thickness, and proteoglycan deposition than the control in week 8 and 12. ESW increased expression of SOX9 and collagen II significantly in week 8 and 12, respectively. ESW group showed a gradual transition of hardness from bone to fibrocartilage to tendon, and had a higher Vickers hardness than the control group at week 12. In conclusion, ESW enhanced fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface in a delayed TBI healing model. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:507–514, 2014.
Stability of relative weight category and cardiometabolic risk factors among moderately and severely obese middle school youth
Authors: Marcus Marsha D. , Foster Gary D. , El ghormli Laure 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the stability of severe pediatric obesity relative to moderate obesity and associated changes in cardiometabolic risk from the beginning of 6th to the end of 8th grade.MethodsParticipants in HEALTHY, a multi‐site, cluster randomized school‐based study designed to mitigate risk for type 2 diabetes, completed standardized assessments of height, weight, glucose, insulin, lipids, and blood pressure at the beginning of 6th grade and the end of 8th grade. Youth were classified as moderately obese (100‐119% of the 95th percentile of BMI for age and gender) or severely obese (≥120% of the 95th percentile of BMI for age and gender). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) that controlled for relevant covariables were used to examine the relation between baseline demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors and BMI status, as well as changes in relative weight category and risk factors during middle school.ResultsSevere obesity was more likely to endure over the course of middle school than was moderate obesity, and was associated with significantly higher levels of cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionsResearch with a specific focus on understanding, preventing, and treating severe obesity in children is warranted.
Positive predictive values for detection of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and termination of pregnancy rates after referral for advanced maternal age, first trimester combined test or ultrasound abnormalities in a national screening programme (2007–2009)
Authors: Siljee Jacqueline E. , Knegt Alida C. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , Bekker Mireille N. , Visser Gerard. H. A. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this article is to analyse the positive predictive value (PPV) of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 after referral for advanced maternal age (AMA), first trimester combined test or ultrasound findings to suggest improvements for clinical practice.MethodsData (48 457 combined tests, 134 000 fetal anomaly scans and 24 379 invasive prenatal tests) were combined to calculate PPV and termination of pregnancy rates.ResultsFor referral for AMA, the PPV for T21 was 1.0% and 1.8% for amniocentesis and chorionic villus biopsy, respectively; for the combined test at a maternal age ≥36 years, these percentages were 4.9% and 12.5%, respectively and for maternal age <36 years, 4.4% and 8.1%, respectively. For ultrasound findings, the PPV was 5.3% and 14.8%, respectively. Termination of pregnancy rate upon trisomy 21 diagnosis was >90% unless detected after referral for ultrasound findings (71.5–85.9%). About 50% of pregnant women with a high combined test risk chose not to have invasive testing.ConclusionsAdvanced MA is still a large contributor to invasive testing but should be abandoned (low PPV, high fetal loss rate) and be replaced by reimbursable combined test screening for all women. Patient information on second trimester ultrasound screening should indicate that abnormal ultrasound findings are associated with high trisomy rate. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ad Fontes: The Question of Rebellion and Moral Tradition on the Use of Force
Authors: Johnson James Turner 
Published: December 2013

“Stab, smite, slay!” These are not the words of Bashar al-Assad telling his forces how they should deal with the Syrian rebel movement, or indeed those of any other contemporary political leader, but rather the words of Martin Luther exhorting the German nobility to a harsh response to the peasants' rebellion of 1524–1525. His writings show that he sympathized with many of the peasants' grievances so long as these did not issue in rebellion, but when they turned to force of arms, he responded sternly. This was not a peculiarity of Luther. Consider the following from an English courtier, Thomas Churchyard, writing admiringly of the treatment of Irish rebels in 1579 by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, commander of the English army sent to put down the rebellion:
He further tooke this order infringeable, that when soever he made any ostyng [military campaign], or inrode, into the enemies Countrey, he killed manne, woman, and child, and spoiled, wasted, and burned, by the grounde all that he might, leavyng nothing of the enemies in saffetie, whiche he could possiblie waste, or consume.
Modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in rat retinal ganglion cells by gabapentin
Authors: FARRELL SPRING R. , SARGOY ALLISON , BRECHA NICHOLAS C. , BARNES STEVEN 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe α2δ auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) are important modulators of VGCC function. Gabapentin interacts with α2δ1 and α2δ2 subunits and is reported to reduce Ca2+ channel current amplitude (ICa). This study aimed to determine the effects of gabapentin on VGCCs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Whole cell patch clamp was used to record ICa in isolated RGCs, and calcium imaging was used to measure Ca2+ transients from RGCs in situ. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of α2δ1-containing VGCCs in isolated RGCs in the absence and presence of gabapentin pretreatment. Acute administration of gabapentin reduced ICa and Ca2+ transients compared to control conditions. In isolated RGCs, pretreatment with gabapentin (4–18 h) reduced ICa, and cell surface α2δ1 staining was reduced compared to nonpretreated cells. Acute administration of gabapentin to isolated RGCs that had been pretreated further reduced ICa. These results show that gabapentin has both short-term and long-term mechanisms to reduce ICa in isolated RGCs. Some Ca2+ channel blockers have been shown to protect RGCs in retinal trauma suggesting that modulation of VGCCs by gabapentin may prevent the deleterious effects of elevated Ca2+ levels in RGCs in trauma and disease.
Multi-Informant Perception of Quality of Life and Adaptation in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Poc Olga Gabaldón , Ruiz-Iriondo María , Bobowik Magdalena 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Quality of Life (QoL) in psychiatric patients is currently of great relevance. This study aims to examine, through a multi-informant approach, the QoL perception in schizophrenic patients, analyzing differences between the informants, as well as the relationship between negative symptoms and QoL. Participants were 32 schizophrenic patients, their caregivers (relatives or psychosocial educators; 25 and 3, respectively), and a team of four professionals of Outpatient Centers of Mental Health in Guipuzcoa, Spain. The assessment of patients’ QoL was obtained with application of Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale. Self-informant QoL was assessed with Seville Quality of Life Questionnaire and Social Adjustment Scale Self-reported. The negative symptoms were measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Patients showed an average high life satisfaction. There were significant discrepancies among informants’ reports, with the lowest evaluation given by the professional team and the highest by the patients. Evaluations made by caregivers and patients yielded similar results. These findings suggest that patients and their caregivers present a more optimistic perception of their QoL.
Randomized trial of nutrition education added to internet-based information and exercise at the work place for weight loss in a racially diverse population of overweight women
Authors: Carnie A , Lin J , Aicher B , Leon B , Courville A B , Sebring N G , de Jesus J , DellaValle D M , Fitzpatrick B D , Zalos G , Powell-Wiley T M , Chen K Y , Cannon R O 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity in the United States is highly prevalent, approaching 60% for black women. We investigated whether nutrition education sessions at the work place added to internet-based wellness information and exercise resources would facilitate weight and fat mass loss in a racially diverse population of overweight female employees.Methods:A total of 199 (average body mass index 33.9±6.3 kg m−2) nondiabetic women (57% black) at our institution were randomized to a 6-month program of either internet-based wellness information (WI) combined with dietitian-led nutrition education group sessions (GS) weekly for 3 months and then monthly with shift in emphasis to weight loss maintenance (n=99) or to WI alone (n=100). All were given access to exercise rooms convenient to their work site. Fat mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results:WI+GS subjects lost more weight than WI subjects at 3 months (−2.2±2.8 vs −1.0±3.0 kg,P>0.001). Weight (−2.7±3.9 vs −2.0±3.9 kg) and fat mass (−2.2±3.1 vs −1.7±3.7 kg) loss at 6 months was significant for WI+GS and WI groups (bothP<0.001), but without significant difference between groups (bothP>0.10); 27% of the WI+GS group achieved ⩾5% loss of initial weight as did 18% of the WI group (P=0.180). Blacks and whites similarly completed the study (67 vs 74%,P=0.303), lost weight (−1.8±3.4 vs −3.3±5.2 kg,P=0.255) and fat mass (−1.6±2.7 vs −2.5±4.3 kg,P=0.532), and achieved ⩾5% loss of initial weight (21 vs 32%,P=0.189), irrespective of group assignment.Conclusion:Overweight women provided with internet-based wellness information and exercise resources at the work site lost weight and fat mass, with similar achievement by black and white women. Additional weight loss benefit of nutrition education sessions, apparent at 3 months, was lost by 6 months and may require special emphasis on subjects who fail to achieve weight loss goals to show continued value.
O‐Ring production on U.S. hog farms: joint choices of farm size, technology, and compensation
Authors: Yu Li , Orazem Peter F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe hypothesize that hog production can be characterized by complementarities between new technologies, worker skills, and farms size. Such production processes are consistent with Kremer's O‐ring production theory in which a single mistake in any one of several complementary tasks in a firm's production process can lead to catastrophic failure of the product's value. In hog production, mistakes that introduce disease or pathogens into the production facility can cause a total loss of the herd. Consistent with predictions derived from the O‐ring theory, we provide evidence that the most skilled workers concentrate in the largest and most technologically advanced farms and are paid more than comparable workers on smaller farms. These findings suggest that worker skills, new technologies, and farm size are complements in production. The complementarities create returns to scale to large hog confinements, consistent with the dramatic increase in market share of very large farms over the past 20 years.
Five‐Year Experience With Mini‐Volume Priming in Infants ≤5 kg: Safety of Significantly Smaller Transfusion Volumes
Authors: Chang Hyoung Woo , Nam Jinhae , Cho Jae‐Hee , Lee Jeong‐Ryul , Kim Yong‐Jin , Kim Woong‐Han 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReducing the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming volume in congenital cardiac surgery is important because it is associated with fewer transfusions. This retrospective study was designed to compare safety and transfusion volumes between the mini‐volume priming (MP) and conventional priming (CP) methods. Between 2007 and 2012, congenital heart surgery using CPB was performed on 480 infants (≤5 kg): the MP method was used in 331 infants (MP group, 69.0%), and the CP method was used in 149 infants (CP group, 31.0%). In the MP group, narrow‐caliber (3/16″) tubing was used, and the pump heads were vertically aligned to shorten the tubing lengths. The smallest possible oxygenators and hemofilters were used, and vacuum drainage was applied. Ultrafiltration was vigorously applied during CPB to avoid excessive hemodilution. The mean age and body weight of the patients were 48 ± 41 (0–306) days and 3.8 ± 0.8 (1.3–5.0) kg, respectively. The total priming and transfusion volumes during CPB were lower in the MP group than in the CP group (141 ± 24 mL vs. 292 ± 50 mL, P < 0.001, and 82 ± 40 mL vs. 162 ± 82 mL, P < 0.001, respectively). In the MP group, the smallest priming volume was 110 mL. However, there was no significant difference in the lowest hematocrit level during CPB between the two groups (22 ± 3% vs. 22 ± 3%, P = 0.724). The incidence of postoperative neurological complications was not significantly different between the MP and CP groups (1.8% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.509). After adjustment for the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category, body surface area, and age, MP was not an independent risk factor of postoperative neurological complications or early mortality (P = 0.213 and P = 0.467, respectively). The MP method reduced the priming volume to approximately 140 mL without increasing the risk of morbidity or mortality in infants ≤5 kg. The total transfusion volume during CPB was reduced by 50% without compromising hematocrit levels. We recommend the use of mini‐volume priming, which is a safe and effective method for reducing transfusion volumes.