bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing the right electrode representation for modeling real bioelectronic interfaces: a comprehensive guide
Authors: Opančar Aleksandar , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Đerek Vedran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Producing realistic numerical models of neurostimulation electrodes in contact with the electrolyte and tissue, for use in time-domain finite element method simulations while maintaining a reasonable computational burden remains a challenge. We aim to provide a straightforward experimental-theoretical hybrid approach for common electrode materials (Ti, TiN, ITO, Au, Pt, IrOx) that are relevant to the research field of bioelectronics, along with all the information necessary to replicate our approach in arbitrary geometry for real-life experimental applications. Approach. We used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to extract the electrode parameters in the AC regime under different DC biases. The pulsed electrode response was obtained by fast amperometry (FA) to optimize and verify the previously obtained electrode parameters in a COMSOL Multiphysics model. For optimization of the electrode parameters a constant phase element (CPE) needed to be implemented in time-domain. Main results. We find that the parameters obtained by EIS can be used to accurately simulate pulsed response only close to the electrode open circuit potential, while at other potentials we give corrections to the obtained parameters, based on FA measurements. We also find that for many electrodes (Au, TiN, Pt, and IrOx), it is important to implement a distributed CPE rather than an ideal capacitor for estimating the electrode double-layer capacitance. We outline and provide examples for the novel time-domain implementation of the CPE for finite element method simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. Significance. An overview of electrode parameters for some common electrode materials can be a valuable and useful tool in numerical bioelectronics models. A provided FEM implementation model can be readily adapted to arbitrary electrode geometries and used for various applications. Finally, the presented methodology for parametrization of electrode materials can be used for any materials of interest which were not covered by this work.
Robotic flytrap with an ultra-sensitive ‘trichome’ and fast-response ‘lobes’
Authors: Jiang Yongkang , Li Yingtian , Tong Xin , Wang Zhipeng , Zhou Yanmin , He Bin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nature abounds with examples of ultra-sensitive perception and agile body transformation for highly efficient predation as well as extraordinary adaptation to complex environments. Flytraps, as a representative example, could effectively detect the most minute physical stimulation of insects and respond instantly, inspiring numerous robotic designs and applications. However, current robotic flytraps face challenges in reproducing the ultra-sensitive insect-touch perception. In addition, fast and fully-covered capture of live insects with robotic flytraps remains elusive. Here we report a novel design of a robotic flytrap with an ultra-sensitive ‘trichome’ and bistable fast-response ‘lobes’. Our results show that the ‘trichome’ of the proposed robotic flytrap could detect and respond to both the external stimulation of 0.45 mN and a tiny touch of a flying bee with a weight of 0.12 g. Besides, once the ‘trichome’ is triggered, the bistable ‘lobes’ could instantly close themselves in 0.2 s to form a fully-covered cage to trap the bees, and reopen to set them free after the tests. We introduce the design, modeling, optimization, and verification of the robotic flytrap, and envision broader applications of this technology in ultra-sensitive perception, fast-response grasping, and biomedical engineering studies.
Development of novel osteochondral scaffolds and related in vitro environment with the aid of chemical engineering principles
Authors: Zvicer Jovana , Milosevic Mia , Medic Ana , Novak Sasa , Obradovic Bojana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In tissue engineering, collaboration among experts from different fields is needed to design appropriate cell scaffolds and the required three-dimensional environment. Osteochondral tissue engineering is particularly challenging due to the need to provide scaffolds that imitate structural and compositional differences between two neighboring tissues, articular cartilage and bone, and the required complex biophysical environments for cultivating such scaffolds. This work focuses on two key objectives: first, to develop bilayered osteochondral scaffolds based on gellan gum and bioactive glass and, second, to create a biomimetic environment for scaffold characterization by designing and utilizing novel dual-medium cultivation bioreactor chambers. Basic chemical engineering principles were utilized to help achieve both aims. First, a simple heat transport model based on one-dimensional conduction was applied as a guideline for bilayer scaffold preparation, leading to the formation of a gelatinous upper part and a macroporous lower part with a thin, well-integrated interfacial zone. Second, a novel cultivation chamber was developed to be used in a dynamic compression bioreactor to provide possibilities for flow of two different media, such as chondrogenic and osteogenic. These chambers were utilized for characterization of the novel scaffolds with regard to bioactivity and stability under dynamic compression and fluid perfusion over 14 d, while flow distribution under different conditions was analyzed by a tracer method and residence time distribution analysis.
Fabrication of 3D PCL/PVP scaffolds using monosodium glutamate as porogen by solvent casting/particulate leaching method for oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering
Authors: Thai Thanh Huy , Nguyen Thy Minh , Truong Minh-Dung , Phan Thi Thanh Tam , Le Dinh Thanh , Doan Hoan Ngoc , Nguyen Thi- Hiep 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds should focus on creating highly porous, 3D structures with an interconnected pore network that supports cell growth. The scaffold’s pore interconnectivity is directly linked to vascularization, cell seeding, guided cell migration, and transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste. In this study, different types of food flavors including monosodium glutamate, sugar, and sodium chloride were used as the porogens along with PCL/PVP blend polymer for solvent casting/particulate leaching method. The morphology, porosity, interconnectivity, chemical composition, water absorption, and mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds are carefully characterized. The scaffolds are biocompatible in both in vitro and in vivo experiments and do not trigger any inflammatory response while enhancing new bone formation and vascularization in rabbit calvaria critical‐sized defects. The new bone merges and becomes denser along with the experiment timeline. The results indicate that the 3D PCL/PVP scaffolds, using monosodium glutamate as porogen, exhibited suitable biological performance and held promise for bone tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Mathematical analysis of bent optical waveguide eigenvalue problem
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Hiremath Kirankumar R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work investigates a mathematical model of the propagation of lightwaves in bent optical waveguides. This modeling leads to a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for differential operator defined on the unbounded domain. Through detailed analysis, a relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued propagation constants was constructed. Using this relation, it is found that the real and imaginary parts of the propagation constants are bounded, meaning they are limited within certain region in the complex plane. The orthogonality of these bent modes is also proved. By the asymptotic analysis of these modes, it is proved that as

r
→
∞

the behavior of the eigenfunctions is proportional to

1

/

r

.
Two protocols for telecloning of Bell-like states with and without ancilla qubit
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S , Kumar Mandal Manoj , Samanta Soumen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present work contains two telecloning protocols for obtaining approximately cloned copies of Bell-like states at two distant locations. The first one is a universal telecloning procedure utilizing ancilla qubits while in the second protocol, no ancilla qubit is required. The analysis of fidelity measuring the quality of the cloned copy is presented. Both the protocols are executed on the IBM platform using Aer Simulator as well as on quantum real computers. By comparing the outcomes of these two cases we conclude that both the protocols are robust.
Only-phase Popov action: thermodynamic derivation and superconducting electrodynamics
Authors: Salasnich L , Pelizzo M G , Lorenzi F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We provide a thermodynamic derivation of the only-phase Popov action functional, which is often adopted to study the low-energy effective hydrodynamics of a generic nonrelativistic superfluid. It is shown that the crucial assumption is the use of the saddle point approximation after neglecting the quantum-pressure term. As an application, we analyze charged superfluids (superconductors) coupled to the electromagnetic field at zero temperature. Our only-phase and minimally-coupled theory predicts the decay of the electrostatic field inside a superconductor with a characteristic length much smaller than the London penetration depth of the static magnetic field. This result is confirmed also by a relativistic only-phase Popov action we obtain from the Klein–Gordon Lagrangian.
Method of filtration in first passage time problems
Authors: Sakamoto Yuta , Sakaue Takahiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Statistics of stochastic processes are crucially influenced by the boundary conditions. In one spatial dimension, for example, the first passage time distribution in semi-infinite space (one absorbing boundary) is markedly different from that in a finite interval with two absorbing boundaries. Here, we propose a method, which we refer to as a method of filtration, that allows us to construct the latter from only the knowledge of the former. We demonstrate that our method yields two solution forms, a method of eigenfunction expansion-like form and a method of image-like form. In particular, we argue that the latter solution form is a generalization of the method of image applicable to a stochastic process for which the method of image generally does not work, e.g. the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
Correction for partial volume averaging in the quantification of radiopaque nanomaterial-embedded resorbable polymers
Authors: Melancon Adam D , Jacobsen Megan , Damasco Jossana , Perez Joy , Bernardino Marvin , Valentin Erin San , Court Karem A , Godin Biana , Layman Rick , Melancon Marites P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Resorbable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters require embedded contrast for image-guided placement and integrity monitoring. We calculated correction factors to account for partial volume averaging of thin nanoparticle (NP)-embedded materials, accounting for object and slice thicknesses, background signal, and nanoparticle concentration. We used phantoms containing polycaprolactone disks embedded with bismuth (Bi) or ytterbium (Yb): 0.4- to 1.2-mm-thick disks of 20 mg ml−1 NPs (thickness phantom), 0.4-mm-thick disks of 0–20 mg ml−1 NPs in 2 mg ml−1 iodine (concentration phantom), and 20 mg ml−1 NPs in 0.4-mm-thick disks in 0–10 mg ml−1 iodine (background phantom). Phantoms were scanned on a dual-source CT with 80, 90, 100, and 150 kVp with tin filtration and reconstructed at 1.0- to 1.5-mm slice thickness with a 0.1-mm interval. Following scanning, disks were processed for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine NP concentration. Mean and maximum CT numbers (HU) of all disks were measured over a 0.5-cm2 area for each kVp. HU was converted to concentration using previously measured calibrations. Concentration measurements were corrected for partial volume averaging by subtracting residual slice background and extrapolating disk thickness to both nominal and measured slice sensitivity profiles (SSP, mm). Slice thickness to agreement (STTA, mm) was calculated by replacing the CT-derived concentrations with ICP-OES measurements and solving for thickness. Slice thickness correction factors improved agreement with ICP-OES for all measured data. Yb corrections resulted in lower STTA than Bi corrections in the concentration phantom (1.01 versus 1.31 STTA/SSP, where 1.0 is perfect agreement), phantoms with varying thickness (1.30 versus 1.87 STTA/SSP), and similar ratio in phantoms with varying background iodine concentration (1.34 versus 1.35 STTA/SSP). All measured concentrations correlated strongly with ICP-OES and all corrections for partial volume averaging increased agreement with ICP-OES concentration, demonstrating potential for monitoring the integrity of thin IVC resorbable filters with CT.
An in-situ hybrid laser-induced integrated sensor system with antioxidative copper
Authors: Xu Kaichen , Cai Zimo , Luo Huayu , Lin Xingyu , Yang Geng , Xie Haibo , Ko Seung Hwan , Yang Huayong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Integration of sensors with engineering thermoplastics allows to track their health and surrounding stimuli. As one of vital backbones to construct sensor systems, copper (Cu) is highly conductive and cost-effective, yet tends to easily oxidize during and after processing. Herein, an in-situ integrated sensor system on engineering thermoplastics via hybrid laser direct writing is proposed, which primarily consists of laser-passivated functional Cu interconnects and laser-induced carbon-based sensors. Through a one-step photothermal treatment, the resulting functional Cu interconnects after reductive sintering and passivation are capable of resisting long-term oxidation failure at high temperatures (up to 170 °C) without additional encapsulations. Interfacing with signal processing units, such an all-in-one system is applied for long-term and real-time temperature monitoring. This integrated sensor system with facile laser manufacturing strategies holds potentials for health monitoring and fault diagnosis of advanced equipment such as aircrafts, automobiles, high-speed trains, and medical devices.
70533 - Treatment of early gastric cancer in Sweden – a nationwide register based cohort study
Authors: Maltzman Henrik , Elbe Peter , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Omae Masami , Lindblad Mats , Klevebro Fredrik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is a well-established treatment, however most studies are from Asian countries and few have examined population-based western results. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatments and outcomes for EGC in Sweden, based on data from a population-based cancer register.

Method
A nationwide cohort study based on the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV). We included all surgically and endoscopically treated patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer 2006-2022. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were hospital stay and 30-day mortality.

Result
In total 279 patients with T1N0M0 cancers were found, 189 (67.7%) patients were treated with surgery and 90 (32.3%) with ER. The groups were comparable regarding baseline characteristics, except that the ER group had a higher ASA-score (p=0.046). As for the primary endpoint, there was no statistically significant difference in OS between the two groups (median survival 11.9 years for surgery vs 10.0 years for ER, p=0.590). As for the secondary endpoints, ER was associated with a shorter hospital stay (median 9 days for surgery vs 1 day for ER, p&lt;0.001). There was no statistical difference in 30-day mortality, but a numerical difference was observed (2.1 % for surgery and 0 % for ER, p=0.164).

Discussion
In this population-based study, ER and surgery had comparable OS for EGC. ER was associated with a shorter hospital stay.
71994 - The Impact of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes after Esophagectomy for Cancer in Sweden
Authors: Skogar Martin Löfling , Lindblad Mats , Enblad Malin , Linder Gustav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The rising global obesity rates are closely tied to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. While obesity is linked to more postoperative complications, its impact on long-term survival after esophagectomy remains debated. This study aims to explore obesity's influence on survival and postoperative complications in a national cohort of esophageal resection patients.

Method
We conducted a retrospective study using data from Sweden's national quality register for esophageal and gastric cancer (NREV) covering 2006-2018. The cohort was categorized based on BMI: underweight (BMI &lt; 20), normal (BMI 20-25), overweight (BMI 25-30), and obese (BMI &gt; 30). Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis, while logistic regression and Cox regression was used for adjusted analyses. Covariates included sex, age, comorbidities, histopathology, and disease stage.

Result
Out of 1742 individuals (mean age 66, 79.9% males), 242 (13.9%) were obese. Obese patients had more comorbidities and more adenocarcinomas. Surgical complications risk for obese individuals was similar to normal-weight (OR: 0.83 [0.56-1.21]). However, obese patients had a higher risk of other complications (OR: 1.78 [1.22-2.60]). Surprisingly, obese individuals had a lower risk of death (HR: 0.74 [0.58-0.95]) and better 5-year survival.

Discussion
Despite more comorbidities, obese patients undergoing esophageal resection showed comparable surgical complication risks but higher other complication risks. Notably, they exhibited a reduced overall death risk and superior 5-year survival compared to normal-weight patients.
72218 - Management of early esophageal cancer – a register-based study in Sweden
Authors: Elbe Peter , Maltzman Henrik , Omae Masami , Klevebro Fredrik , Lindblad Mats 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Surgery used to be the only way to resect esophageal cancer, but endoscopic treatment has gradually emerged and is now the golden standard in the management of early esophageal cancer. In the Swedish National Registry for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV) patient has prospectively been registered since 2005.

Method
We defined early esophagela cancer as cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). We used NREV to investigate type of treatment and the outcome of the treatment 2005-2022. We searched the registry for age, sex, histopathology, type of management and complications.

Result
20921 patients are included in the registry. 11217 of them are classified as esophageal cancer. 10045 are classified as advanced cancer (T2-74). Patients classified as TX (1702) are also classified as advanced. 1002 (9.1%) are classified as early cancer. 170 patients were excluded. The mean age in the early cancer group is 70 years. 79% of the patients had early adenocarcinoma (EAC) and 21% had early squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). 175 patients had missing data of the type of management. 289 underwent endoscopic treatment, 213 underwent surgery and 325 patients were considered palliative or did not get any treatment. Complications were more common in the surgical group, but mortality in association to the procedure was slightly higher in among the endoscopically treated (0.69% vs 0.47%). However, there was no significant statistical difference in overall survival.

Discussion
Endoscopic treatment has gradually evolved to become the first-line option for early cancer, but surgery may still be an option in some cases.
72243 - Indocyanine Green Fluorescence During Fundus First Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Haverinen Susanna , Pajus Evelina , Sandblom Gabriel , Cengiz Yücel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Our objective was to compare Fundus First (FF) laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) before and after the implementation of routine use of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence.
Bile duct injury (BDI) is a rare but serious complication during LC. ICG fluorescence visualizes the bile ducts and may reduce the risk of BDI. Previous studies have compared ICG with conventional visualization and shown reduced operative times and conversion rates. This study retrospectively compared LC with and without ICG fluorescence in a Swedish hospital routinely practicing the FF method.

Method
Pre-, intra- and postoperative data from patients operated at Sundsvall County Hospital before and after the implementation of routine use of ICG fluorescence between 2016 and 2023 was analyzed.

Result
Altogether 2009 patients underwent LC. FF was used in 94.9% of all operations, 1455 with ICG and 549 without, respectively. The groups were comparable regarding gender, BMI, age, presence of acute cholecystitis and distribution urgent/elective surgeries. Implementation was safe with similar 30-day complication rates between study groups. A lower conversion rate with ICG was found (1.2% vs 3.3%, p=0.001) as was a non-significant reduction in readmissions (p=0.054). No significant difference in BDI was seen.
ICG was associated with prolonged operative times in univariate analysis, but the association disappeared in multivariable analysis. The time to cholangiography was prolonged in the ICG-group, both in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Discussion
Implementation of ICG fluorescence was safe and efficient, suggesting possible safety improvements for a Fundus First LC. Further studies are needed to evaluate if ICG provides additional safety in LC.
71949 - Melatonin MT1 Receptor Expression in Luminal Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Pistiolis Leda , Alawieh Sahar , Halldorsdottir Thorhildur , Kovács Aniko´ , Bagge Roger Olofsson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Laboratory and animal studies indicate that melatonin exerts a negative impact on breast cancer progression and metastasis. These actions are both receptor dependent and independent. Of the two transmembrane melatonin receptors identified in humans, breast cancer expresses only MT1. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of MT1 in hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women and its possible correlations with clinicopathological parameters, and survival.

Method
A total of 118 patients with Luminal A/B primary breast cancer with or without axillary metastases were identified. MT1 receptor expression was immunohistochemically assessed as percentage of stained cells and weighted index (WI) (percentage multiplied with staining intensity). Most tumor samples (84.7%) and metastasized lymph nodes (96%) stained positive for MT1, with varying intensity.

Result
No statistically significant correlations were found between MT1 expression or WI in the primary tumor and patient and tumor characteristics, or MT1 and WI in the metastasized lymph nodes. Survival analysis did not reveal a significant effect of MT1 expression or WI on risk of recurrence or survival.

Discussion
The role of melatonin in breast cancer is still under investigation and more research is needed to determine if and in what way could MT1 expression be used as a predictive factor in breast cancer treatment.