bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oxide on fatigue crack growth behaviour of type 347 stainless steel in PWR water conditions
Authors: Min K.‐D. , Lee B.‐S. , Kim S.‐J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe fatigue crack growth behaviour of type 347 stainless steel in pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions was investigated at two different temperatures, 25 and 316 °C. The fatigue crack growth rate was slightly increased at the elevated temperature in air. In the simulated PWR water environment, the fatigue crack growth rate was changed in a rather complicated manner with a change of the dissolved oxygen (DO) content. The DO content did not significantly change the fatigue crack growth rate at 25 °C. With the lower oxygen content of 5 ppb, which is the practical limit of deoxygenated water, the fatigue crack growth rate was similar at both 25 and 316 °C. The fatigue crack growth rate was significantly decreased at 316 °C with the higher oxygen level of 100 ppb. Under 316 °C water conditions, oxides were observed on the fatigue crack surface where the size of oxide particles was about 0.2 µm at 5 ppb and about 1 µm at 100 ppb. The thickness of the oxide layers also increased with the increase of DO. Moreover, the ΔK threshold (ΔKth) also increased as the DO increased from 5 to 100 ppb. The dissolved hydrogen levels did not affect the measured crack growth rate at the given test conditions. The decrease of the fatigue crack growth rate with higher DO content is attributed to a crack closure resulting from the formation of larger oxides near the crack tip at a rather fast loading frequency of 10 Hz that was used in this study.
Total ankle replacement in patients with von Willebrand disease: mid‐term results of 18 procedures
Authors: Barg K. , Wiewiorski M. , Anderson A. E. , Schneider S. W. , Wimmer M. D. , Wirtz D. C. , Valderrabano V. , Barg A. , Pagenstert G. 
Published: February 2015

Summaryvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is a recognized cause of secondary ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Few studies have examined orthopaedic complications and outcomes in VWD patients treated for end‐stage ankle OA with total ankle replacement (TAR). To determine the clinical presentation, intraoperative and postoperative complications and evaluate the mid‐term outcome in VWD patients treated with TAR. Eighteen patients with VWD with mean age 47.3 years (range = 34.0–68.7) were treated for end‐stage ankle OA with TAR. The mean duration of follow‐up was 7.5 years (range = 2.9–13.2). Intraoperative and perioperative complications were recorded. Component stability was assessed with weight‐bearing radiographs. Clinical evaluation included range of motion (ROM) tests using a goniometer and under fluoroscopy using a lateral view. Clinical outcomes were analysed by a visual analogue scale, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF‐36) health survey. One patient sustained an intraoperative medial malleolar fracture. In two patients delayed wound healing was observed. Two secondary major surgeries were performed. Pain level decreased from 8.2 ± 0.9 (range = 7–10) preoperatively to 1.1 ± 1.2 (range = 0–4) postoperatively. Significant functional improvement including ROM was observed. All categories of SF‐36 score showed significant improvement in quality of life. Mid‐term results of TAR in patients with VWD are encouraging. The total rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 33.3%. However, longer term outcomes are necessary to fully understand the clinical benefit of TAR in patients with VWD.
Current laboratory practices in the diagnosis and management of haemophilia: a global assessment
Authors: Kitchen S. , Signer‐Romero K. , Key N. S. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryHaemophilia management is complicated by the extreme variability in laboratory practices. Lack of consistency or comparability in testing makes it difficult to establish diagnostic criteria or disease severity, and complicates response assessment. A global survey was conducted to document current practices. A 35‐min survey was completed by 30 laboratory scientists in each of seven countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, UK, USA; 210 in total); results were weighted by average country testing volume in haemophilia. Eighty‐three per cent of participants reported participation in a Quality Assurance scheme. Ninety per cent reported using clotting tests in haemophilia A and 88% in haemophilia B (55% and 53% frequent use respectively). Sixty‐eight per cent reported chromogenic assays were used in haemophilia A, with only 23% reporting frequent use, compared to only 11% reporting any use in haemophilia B. Twenty‐nine separate activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reagents were reported for haemophilia A and 27 aPTT reagents were reported for haemophilia B, with one‐quarter or less obtaining reagents or kits from any single manufacturer. Fifty‐four per cent run a calibration curve with every factor VIII (FVIII) assay. The mean number of plasma dilutions varied from 2 to 4 for FVIII assays and from 1 to 3 for FIX assays. Results indicate very low consistency in materials and practices used to test for factor activity in haemophilia. A number of responses suggest that some laboratory scientists' understanding of best practices or guidelines in haemophilia could be improved. More education and broader understanding is recommended regarding assay types, assay components, test material and instrument features and capabilities.
Recalcitrant tumor of the fifth metacarpal bone in a hemodialyzed patient
Authors: Reichert Paweł , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Kowalski Przemysław , Gosk Jerzy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe article presents a case report about a 38‐year‐old hemodialyzed woman who presented to our department with a painful, expansile, lytic bone lesion of the fifth metacarpal epiphysis. The lesion was resected and replaced by corticocancellous bone graft. At 3 months, imaging suggested signs of graft resorption and local recurrence which necessitated repeat excision and grafting. Because of secondary parathyroidism subsequent subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. This procedure leads to appropriate bone remodeling by 8 weeks postoperatively, and recurrence has not been observed at 2 years of follow up.
Acupuncture for Migraine Prevention
Authors: Da Silva Arnaldo Neves 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundMigraine is a complex and multifactorial brain disorder affecting approximately 18% of women and 5% of men in the United States, costing billions of dollars annually in direct and indirect healthcare costs and school and work absenteeism and presenteeism. Until this date, there have been no medications that were designed with the specific purpose to decrease the number of migraine attacks, which prompts a search for alternative interventions that could be valuable, such as acupuncture.MethodsAcupuncture origins from ancient China and encompasses procedures that basically involve stimulation of anatomical points of the body.ResultsThis manuscript reviews large and well‐designed trials of acupuncture for migraine prevention and also the effectiveness of acupuncture when tried against proven migraine preventative medications.ConclusionAcupuncture seems to be at least as effective as conventional drug preventative therapy for migraine and is safe, long lasting, and cost‐effective. It is a complex intervention that may prompt lifestyle changes that could be valuable in patients' recovery.
Relationship between protein characteristics and film‐forming properties of kidney bean, field pea and amaranth protein isolates
Authors: Shevkani Khetan , Singh Narpinder 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis study was undertaken to evaluate physicochemical (colour, protein content, ash content and zeta potential), structural (size exclusion chromatography and thermal properties) and film‐forming properties of kidney bean, field pea and amaranth protein isolates (KBPI, FPPI and AMPI, respectively). Protein content, ash content, zeta potential and denaturation temperature of the isolates ranged from 83.9 to 91.4%, 2.9 to 4.5%, −37.3 to −44.2 mV and 85.5 to 96.2 °C, respectively. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that globulins were prominent proteins in KBPI and FPPI, while AMPI contained both globulins and albumins as major fractions. FPPI showed the highest L* value (88.1), surface charge (zeta potential = –44.2 mV) and protein solubility (80.0–94.2%). Films were prepared from heated (90 °C for 20 min) and unheated protein dispersions of pH 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 and evaluated for colour, opacity, tensile strength (TS), water‐solubilised matter (WSM) and water vapour permeability (WVP). FPPI films showed the most desirable properties in terms of the highest L* (87.5–90.5), TS (12.6–37.2 MPa) and the lowest opacity (7.1–8.4 A600/mm). FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis of the films revealed that alkaline pH and heat treatment unfolded protein molecules. Alkaline pH reduced opacity, while heat treatment improved TS and water resistance (decreased WSM and WVP) of protein films, which varied with the protein isolates.
Adoption of preventive behaviors in response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: a multiethnic perspective
Authors: SteelFisher Gillian K. , Blendon Robert J. , Kang Minah , Ward Johanna R. M. , Kahn Emily B. , Maddox Kathryn E.W. , Lubell Keri M. , Tucker Myra , Ben‐Porath Eran N. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundAs public health leaders prepare for possible future influenza pandemics, the rapid spread of 2009 H1N1 influenza highlights the need to focus on measures the public can adopt to help slow disease transmission. Such measures may relate to hygiene (e.g., hand washing), social distancing (e.g., avoiding places where many people gather), and pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., vaccination). Given the disproportionate impact of public health emergencies on minority communities in the United States, it is important to understand whether there are differences in acceptance across racial/ethnic groups that could lead to targeted and more effective policies and communications.ObjectivesThis study explores racial/ethnic differences in the adoption of preventive behaviors during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.Patients/MethodsData are from a national telephone poll conducted March 17 to April 11, 2010, among a representative sample of 1123 white, 330 African American, 317 Hispanic, 268 Asian, and 262 American Indian/Alaska Native adults in the USA.ResultsPeople in at least one racial/ethnic minority group were more likely than whites to adopt several behaviors related to hygiene, social distancing, and healthcare access, including increased hand washing and talking with a healthcare provider (P‐values <0·05). Exceptions included avoiding others with influenza‐like illnesses and receiving 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccinations. After we controlled the data for socioeconomic status, demographic factors, healthcare access, and illness‐ and vaccine‐related attitudes, nearly all racial/ethnic differences in behaviors persisted.ConclusionsMinority groups appear to be receptive to several preventive behaviors, but barriers to vaccination are more pervasive.
A Dialectic of Disinterested and Immersive Aesthetics: Santiniketan Art Education and Labour Translated
Authors: Gall David A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article argues for art education's potential to transform mundane work, mindful of the steep challenges of the aesthetic and mundane dialectic. Those challenges, magnified in the context of capitalism and industrialism, confronted twentieth‐century Indian artist educators Rabindranath Tagore and Nandalal Bose, but also confront twenty‐first‐century art educators. Tagore created Visva‐Bharati University to counteract the excessive materialism of modernism, recognising diversity and the immanence of the transcendent in humanity. Tagore's aesthetics, though deeply relational, nevertheless regard the mundane as essentially irredeemable. It is in Visva‐Bharati's environment, however, that Nandalal Bose was able to conceive an aesthetic, developed from Yogic ideas of immanence and Far Eastern aesthetics, which envisioned the transformation of the mundane through creative activity.
Attitudes and Practices that Shape Children's Drawing Behaviour in Mainstream and Performing Arts Schools
Authors: Burkitt Esther , Lowry Ruth 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrevious research shows that key parties involved in children's drawing perceive the value and benefits of art and drawing very differently. However such research has been restricted to the examination of children attending mainstream schooling across the UK. The present study therefore compared the views and practices of key parties involved in mainstream and performing arts educational contexts. Teachers and children were interviewed and parents completed a postal survey. Some 225 children, 115 of their teachers and 176 of their parents and carers formed the mainstream school group whilst 180 children, 42 of their teachers and 145 of their parents and carers formed the performing arts school group. Main findings indicated that pupils', parents' and teachers' views about the benefits, and how to support drawing behaviour at school and at home, varied across contrasting educational contexts. In particular, pupils attending arts‐based schools and their teachers valued expressivity over technical support, pupils reported enjoying drawing more, had higher self efficacy and foresaw engaging in the activity beyond their school years more than their mainstream counterparts. The results suggest that mainstream educational contexts could foster drawing behaviour and the related emotional benefits to a greater extent.
Stacked species distribution models and macroecological models provide congruent projections of avian species richness under climate change
Authors: Distler Trisha , Schuetz Justin G. , Velásquez‐Tibatá Jorge , Langham Gary M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimUsing survey data for North American birds, we assess how well historical patterns of species richness are explained by stacked species distribution models and macroecological models. We then describe the degree to which projections of future species richness differ, employing both modelling approaches across multiple emissions scenarios.LocationUSA and Canada.MethodsWe use Audubon Christmas Bird Count and North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate current and future species richness of birds using two distinct approaches. In the first, we model richness by stacking predictions from individual species distribution models. In the second, we model richness directly, ignoring the contributions of specific taxa to richness estimates.ResultsThe two modelling approaches show similar accuracies when validated with historical observations, particularly winter observations, and result in similar patterns of richness when projected onto current and future climate spaces. Patterns of projected change in species richness differed markedly between winter and summer seasons regardless of modelling approach. Our models suggest that bird species richness in winter will increase or remain stable across much of North America. In contrast, species richness in summer is projected to decrease over much of North America, except part of northern Canada, suggesting that climate may constrain many breeding bird species and communities in the future.Main conclusionsStacked species distribution models and macroecological models produce similar estimates of current and future species richness for each of two seasons despite being built on different concepts of community assembly. Our results suggest that, although the mechanisms that shape geographical variation in biodiversity remain uncertain, these limitations do not impede our ability to predict patterns of species richness at broad scales. Congruence of species richness projections across modelling approaches is encouraging for conservation planning efforts that focus on retaining biodiversity into the future.
Evolution of codfishes (Teleostei: Gadinae) in geographical and ecological space: evidence that physiological limits drove diversification of subarctic fishes
Authors: Owens Hannah L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo develop a holistic biogeographical history of codfishes in the subfamily Gadinae based on historical relationships, ecological niche, and evolution of physiological tolerances. Two alternative diversification scenarios were tested in two co‐distributed, Northern Hemisphere clades: (1) clade ancestors were temperate, and environmental niche has been conserved over evolutionary time, implying that speciation was driven by vicariance associated with ice sheet formation; and (2) clade ancestors were Arctic, and species convergently adapted to temperate environmental conditions, implying that speciation was driven by repeated adaption to temperate environments.LocationNorthern Hemisphere Arctic and subarctic oceans.MethodsFifty‐five new sequences of four genes from 23 tissue samples were combined with 10 GenBank sequences to generate a time‐calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis. Combining the phylogeny with information on species' ecological niche tolerances inferred from correlational models, I reconstructed ancestral environmental tolerances of each of the focal clades. These results were combined with Bayesian area‐based biogeographical analysis and regional palaeoclimatic history to develop a holistic biogeographical history of Gadinae.ResultsOf 18 environmental variables describing species' tolerances to salinity, temperature, sea ice concentration, and mixed layer depth, only mean, maximum and minimum sea bottom temperature, and mean and minimum sea surface temperature showed phylogenetic signal across Gadinae. Both ecological niche and geographical distributions of gadine fishes are largely conservative, but two clades contain both Pacific and Atlantic species. Focal clade divergence time estimates suggest a Pliocene origin for both, with further Pleistocene divergence.Main conclusionsReconstructed ancestral environmental tolerances of crown cods and tomcods support a temperate origin of both groups. The timing of diversification of these two clades and the intolerance of temperate species to sea ice suggest that cyclical Arctic ice formation drove divergence. Future sea ice reduction may have dramatic consequences for distributions and persistence of commercially important species when currently allopatric temperate species come into secondary contact.
Sleep Blood Pressure Self‐Measured at Home as a Novel Determinant of Organ Damage: Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J‐HOP) Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Hoshide Satoshi , Haimoto Hajime , Yamagiwa Kayo , Uchiba Kiyoshi , Nagasaka Shoichiro , Yano Yuichiro , Eguchi Kazuo , Matsui Yoshio , Shimizu Motohiro , Ishikawa Joji , Ishikawa Shizukiyo ,   the J‐HOP study group
Published: February 2015

To study whether sleep blood pressure (BP) self‐measured at home is associated with organ damage, the authors analyzed the data of 2562 participants in the J‐HOP study who self‐measured sleep BP using a home BP monitoring (HBPM) device, three times during sleep (2 am, 3 am, 4 am), as well as the home morning and evening BPs. The mean sleep home systolic BPs (SBPs) were all correlated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), maximum carotid intima‐media thickness, and plasma N‐terminal pro‐hormone pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) (all P<.001). After controlling for clinic SBP and home morning and evening SBPs, associations of home sleep SBP with UACR, LVMI, and baPWV remained significant (all P<.008). Even in patients with home morning BP <135/85 mm Hg, 27% exhibited masked nocturnal hypertension with home sleep SBP ≥120 mm Hg and had higher UACR and NTproBNP. Masked nocturnal hypertension, which is associated with advanced organ damage, remains unrecognized by conventional HBPM.
Significance of tumour cell HLA‐G5/‐G6 isoform expression in discrimination for adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancer patients
Authors: Yan Wei‐Hua , Liu Di , Lu Hai‐Yan , Li Ying‐Ying , Zhang Xia , Lin Aifen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐G has seven isoforms, of which HLA‐G1‐G4 are membrane‐bound and HLA‐G5‐G7 are soluble. Previous studies reinforced HLA‐G expression was strongly related to poor prognosis in different types of cancers. Among these studies, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4H84 was used which detects all HLA‐G isoform heavy chain; unfortunately, leaves the specific types of isoforms expressed in lesions undistinguished and its clinical significance needs to be clarified. To explore clinical significance of lesion soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mAb 5A6G7 recognizing HLA‐G5/‐G6 molecules was used. Tumour cell sHLA‐G expression in 131 primary NSCLC lesions (66 squamous cell carcinoma, 55 adenocarcinoma and 10 adenosquamous carcinoma) were analysed with immunohistochemistry. Data showed that sHLA‐G expression was observed in 34.0% (45/131) of the NSCLC lesions, which was unrelated to patient age, sex, lymph nodal status, tumour–node–metastasis stage and patient survival. However, tumour cell sHLA‐G expression in lesions was predominately observed in adenocarcinoma lesions (73.0%, 40/55) which was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma (6.0%, 4/66) and adenosquamous carcinoma lesions (10.0%, 1/10, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for lesion sHLA‐G was 0.833 (95% CI: 0.754–0.912, P < 0.001) for adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings for the first time showed that tumour cell sHLA‐G was predominately expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, which could be a useful biomarker to discriminate adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma in NSCLC patients.
Experimental early pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red tilapia Oreochromis spp.
Authors: Iregui C A , Comas J , Vásquez G M , Verján N 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae causes a severe systemic disease in fish, and the routes of entry are still ill‐defined. To address this issue, two groups of 33 red tilapia Oreochromis spp. each of 10 g were orally infected with S. agalactiae (n = 30), and by immersion (n = 30), six individuals were control‐uninfected fish. Three tilapias were killed at each time point from 30 min to 96 h post‐inoculation (pi); controls were killed at 96 h. Samples from most tissues were examined by haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), indirect immunoperoxidase (IPI) and periodic acid‐Schiff; only intestine from fish infected by gavage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The results of both experiments suggest that the main entry site of S. agalactiae in tilapia is the gastrointestinal epithelium; mucus seems to play an important defensive role, and environmental conditions may be an important predisposing factor for the infection.