bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement
Authors: Acharya Aneesha , Hao Jia , Mattheos Nikos , Chau Anson , Shirke Prashant , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo study residual ridge dimensions at edentulous first molar sites in relation to periodontal bone loss among cohorts of partially edentulous Asian Indian and Hong Kong Chinese subjects seeking tooth replacement.Materials and methodsA total of 628 edentulous maxillary first molar sites were analyzed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans of 225 Asian Indian (I) and 232 Hong Kong Chinese (C) partially edentulous adults seeking tooth replacement. Age, ethnicity, gender, total tooth loss, the presence or absence of adjacent teeth, categories of periodontal status defined according to radiographic alveolar bone loss (P0: periodontal health, P1: incipient to moderate disease, P2: severe periodontal disease) and sinus membrane abnormalities were noted. Alveolar ridge height (RH), widths at 1 and 3 mm from crest (RW1; RW3), and relative position of the bone crest (RR) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of P2 status was most frequent in both cohorts(C: 50.4% I: 49.2%). P2 had lowest ridge heights; 13.1% C P2 and 14%I P2 had RH < 2 mm. Sites with both RH <8 mm and RW1 < 6 mm occurred at 59%C P2 and 68%I P2. Sinus membrane abnormalities were most frequent in P2. Periodontal status and sinus membrane abnormality increased the odds of RH <5 mm and RH <8 mm more than 2‐fold; additionally, gender and ethnicity significantly impacted RH <8 mm. Gender and adjacent tooth status significantly affected RW1.ConclusionIncident advanced periodontal disease was common among Asian Indian and Hong Kong Chinese subjects seeking tooth replacement and associated with lower available bone heights. Ethnicity, gender, sinus membrane thickening affected available bone height in the subsinus region, while the presence of adjacent teeth‐ and age‐affected residual ridge width.
Old age is associated with increased severity of complications in endoscopic biliary stone removal
Authors: Nishikawa Takao , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Sakai Yuji , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Sakamoto Dai , Nakamura Masato , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: December 2013

Background and AimVarious techniques are required in endoscopic biliary stone removal. Because the presence of biliary stones is a benign disease, it is essential to minimize procedure‐related complications. Having a sound knowledge of the risk factors can help reduce the number and severity of complications. We determined the risk factors for complications in patients undergoing endoscopic biliary stone removal.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational cohort study. We analyzed 743 consecutive patients with biliary stones who were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and identified the independent risk factors for complications.ResultsComplications occurred in 66 patients (8.9%). Pancreatitis occurred in 26 patients (3.5%), cholangitis in 16 (2.2%), bleeding in 12 (1.6%) and other in 12 (1.6%). Independent risk factors for overall complications were multiple biliary stones (P = 0.0480) and anti‐thrombotic drugs (P = 0.0186).Independent risk factors for moderate or severe complications were old age (P = 0.0201), multiple biliary stones (P = 0.0300), anti‐thrombotic drugs (P = 0.0131), and cirrhosis of the liver (P = 0.0013). The respective risk factors for pancreatitis, cholangitis, and bleeding were precut technique (P = 0.0005), endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy (P = 0.0421), and both anti‐thrombotic drugs (P = 0.0228) and cirrhosis of the liver (P = 0.0115).ConclusionsOld age was associated with a similar complication rate to younger age but increased the severity of complications following endoscopic biliary stone removal. Improved awareness of the severity of complications may be of benefit during periprocedural management. Further studies are warranted.
Does a 2.5‐year self‐management education and support intervention change patterns of healthcare use in African‐American adults with Type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Yeung R. O. , Oh M. , Tang T. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate the impact of a 2.5‐year diabetes self‐management education and support intervention on healthcare use and to examine factors associated with patterns of healthcare use.MethodsWe recruited 60 African‐American adults with Type 2 diabetes who completed a 2.5‐year empowerment‐based diabetes self‐management education and support intervention. Primary healthcare use outcomes included acute care visits, non‐acute care visits and days lost to disability. Acute care was a composite score calculated from the frequency of urgent care visits, emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Non‐acute care measured the frequency of scheduled outpatient visits. To examine change in patterns of healthcare use, we compared the frequency of healthcare visits over the 6‐month period preceding the intervention with that in the last 6 months of the intervention.ResultsNo significant changes in patterns of healthcare use were found for acute care, non‐acute care or days lost to disability. Multiple regression models found higher levels of depression (P = 0.001) to be associated with a greater number of non‐acute healthcare visits, and found longer duration of diabetes (P = 0.019) and lower levels of diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.025) to be associated with fewer days lost to disability.ConclusionsParticipation in a long‐term diabetes self‐management education and support intervention had no impact on healthcare use in our sample of African‐American subjects.
Efficacy and safety of sodium glucose co‐transport‐2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Monami M. , Nardini C. , Mannucci E. 
Published: December 2013

AimsSodium glucose co‐transport‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors, a new class of glucose‐lowering agents, reduce tubular glucose reabsorption, producing a reduction of blood glucose without stimulating insulin release. The aim of the present meta‐analysis is the assessment of the overall efficacy and safety profile of these drugs.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed including all trials with a duration of at least 12 weeks, comparing a SGLT‐2 inhibitor with a non‐SGLT‐2 inhibitor agent in type 2 diabetes. The principal outcome of this analysis was the effect of SGLT‐2 inhibitors on HbA1c at 12, 24 and 52 weeks. Hypoglycaemia, genital and urinary infections were retrieved and combined to calculate Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio (MH‐OR). Furthermore, data on body mass index (BMI), endpoint fasting plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, hematocrit and lipid profile were collected.ResultsAmong placebo‐controlled trials, HbA1c reduction at 12, 24 and 52 weeks was 0.5 [0.4; 0.6], 0.6 [0.6; 0.5] and 0.6 [0.7; 0.5]%. In placebo‐controlled studies, 24‐week reduction of HbA1c with SGLT‐2 inhibitors was greater in trials enrolling patients with a lower mean age and duration of diabetes, and a higher baseline BMI, HbA1c and fasting glucose. In placebo‐controlled trials, SGLT‐2 inhibitors determined a weight loss during the first 24 weeks, which was maintained up to 52 weeks.ConclusionsSGLT‐2 inhibitors are effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, providing additional benefits, such as weight loss, reduction of blood pressure and increase in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol. Apart from genital and urinary infections, rather frequent but usually mild, SGLT‐2 inhibitors appear to be well tolerated.
The dipeptidylpeptidase‐IV inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin do not impair innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: Anz D. , Kruger S. , Haubner S. , Rapp M. , Bourquin C. , Endres S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP‐IV) represent a novel class of frequently used anti‐diabetic drugs. In addition to its function in metabolic regulation, DPP‐IV also plays a role in the immune system. Whether the DPP‐IV inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin or saxagliptin impair immune responses is, however, currently unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of these agents on both innate and adaptive immunity. We found that the DPP‐IV inhibitors did not affect the innate immune response induced by Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands, as cytokine secretion and induction of co‐stimulatory molecules by human blood mononuclear cells was not impaired. Furthermore, proliferation of T cells and suppressive function of regulatory T cells was preserved. Mice treated with vildagliptin showed normal cytokine production, immune cell activation and lymphocyte trafficking upon TLR activation. Thus, crucial immunological parameters remain unaffected upon treatment with DPP‐IV inhibitors, a fact that is reassuring with respect to safety of these drugs.
Movement rules for juvenile steelhead: dynamic linking of movement behaviour to habitat and density
Authors: Hayes Daniel B. , Thompson Bradley E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe incorporated explanatory factors including stream habitat type and fish density into individual‐based models with dynamic connections among adjacent habitat units to infer dispersal behaviour of juvenile steelheadOncorhynchus mykissin a Great Lakes watershed. We used mark–recapture data and an inverse modelling approach to estimate daily probability of steelhead moving out of a habitat unit, P(move),according to four competing models. The models used included (i) a null model where all fish had equal movement probability; (ii) a habitat‐dependent model where P(move) depended on the habitat type; (iii) a density‐dependent model of P(move); and (iv) a model where P(move) depended on both density and habitat type. The habitat‐dependent model provided the most parsimonious fit to the observed data according to Akaike's information criteria (AICc). In the null model, P(move) averaged 0.70, whereas P(move) averaged 0.75 in pools, 0.68 in riffles and 0.73 in runs in the habitat‐dependent model.
Widespread microRNA dysregulation in multiple system atrophy – disease‐related alteration in miR‐96
Authors: Ubhi Kiren , Rockenstein Edward , Kragh Christine , Inglis Chandra , Spencer Brian , Michael Sarah , Mante Michael , Adame Anthony , Galasko Douglas , Masliah Eliezer 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) are short sequences of RNA that function as post‐transcriptional regulators by binding to target mRNA transcripts resulting in translational repression. A number of recent studies have identified miRNA as being involved in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. However, the role of miRNA in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oligodendroglial accumulation of alpha‐synuclein remains unexamined. In this context, this study examined miRNA profiles in MSA cases compared with controls and in transgenic (tg) models of MSA compared with non‐tg mice. The results demonstrate a widespread dysregulation of miRNA in MSA cases, which is recapitulated in the murine models. The study employed a cross‐disease, cross‐species approach to identify miRNA that were either specifically dysregulated in MSA or were commonly dysregulated in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration or the tg mouse model equivalents of these disorders. Using this approach we identified a number of miRNA that were commonly dysregulated between disorders and those that were disease‐specific. Moreover, we identified miR‐96 as being up‐regulated in MSA. Consistent with the up‐regulation of miR‐96, mRNA and protein levels of members of the solute carrier protein family SLC1A1 and SLC6A6, miR‐96 target genes, were down‐regulated in MSA cases and a tg model of MSA. These results suggest that miR‐96 dysregulation may play a role in MSA and its target genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of MSA.
Severe polyuria and polydipsia as major clinical signs in a horse with unilateral renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Birkmann K. , Trump M. , Dettwiler M. , Rütten M. , Wehrli Eser M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA 14‐year‐oldSwissWarmblood gelding was presented with chronic severe polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. At the time of admission, water intake was 240 l/day. On rectal examination, a large mass was identified in the left dorsal abdominal quadrant, which was shown to originate from the left kidney by transabdominal ultrasonographic examination. Unilateral nephrectomy via flank incision was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a papillary renal adenocarcinoma. Successful outcome and survival was documented 13 months after surgery. Severe polyuria and polydipsia should be considered as major clinical signs for renal carcinoma in horses, which can be successfully treated with unilateral nephrectomy if no signs of metastatic spread are evident.
Variation and linkage disequilibrium between a structurally polymorphic Alu located near the OR12D2 gene of the extended major histocompatibility complex class I region and HLA‐A alleles
Authors: Kulski J. K. , Shigenari A. , Inoko H. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe investigated the genetic structure and population frequency of an Alu repeat dimorphism (absence or presence) located near the OR12D2 gene within the olfactory receptor gene region telomeric of the alpha HLA class I region (HLA‐J, ‐A, ‐G, ‐F). The structurally polymorphic Alu insertion (POALIN) locus rs33972478 that we designated as AluOR and its allele and haplotype frequencies and association with HLA‐A and six other structurally polymorphic retroelements (3 Alu, 2 SVA and an HERVK9) were determined in 100 Japanese, 174 Caucasians and 100 African American DNA samples. The AluOR insertion varied in population frequency between 14.4% and 31.5% with significant differences between the Japanese and Caucasians, but not between the Caucasian and African Americans. Although AluOR is located 600 kb from the HLA‐A gene, there was a significant linkage disequilibrium between the two loci and a high percentage association of the AluOR insertion with HLA‐A29 (79%) in Caucasians and HLA‐A31 (69.4%) in Japanese. Inferred haplotypes among three‐locus to eight‐locus haplotype structures showed maximum differences between the populations with the eight‐locus haplotypes. The most frequent multilocus haplotype shared between the populations was the HLA‐A2 allele in combination with the AluHG insertion. The AluOR whether investigated alone or together with the HLA class I alleles and other dimorphic retroelements is an informative ancestral marker for the identification of lineages and variations within the same and/or different populations and for examining the linkage and crossing‐over between the HLA and OR genomic regions in the extended MHC.
Impact of symptom improvement on patients' bother and quality of life in female patients with overactive bladder treated by solifenacin (SET‐Q)
Authors: Gotoh Momokazu , Kobayashi Toshimitsu , Sogabe Keizo 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo analyze the relationship between symptom improvement and health‐related quality of life in female overactive bladder patients treated with solifenacin.MethodsWe carried out a prospective, multicenter, open‐label study. Eligible patients were treatment‐naive female patients with overactive bladder, with an urgency episode at least once a week. Symptoms were quantitatively assessed by the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and quality of life by the Overactive Bladder questionnaire. Changes of symptom severity, bother, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment with solifenacin 5, 7.5 or 10 mg once daily.ResultsData from 523 patients (mean age 66 years) were analyzed. Solifenacin significantly improved the total Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and also all subscores for the four symptoms (daytime frequency, urgency, night‐time frequency and urgency incontinence). Solifenacin also significantly improved the four quality of life subscales, total quality of life and symptom bother scores of the Overactive Bladder questionnaire. The severity of night‐time frequency at baseline positively affected the improvement in the quality of life subscale of Sleep, and the severity of daytime frequency at baseline positively affected the improvement of coping and social interaction. Improvement of severity in various symptoms positively affected the improvement of bother and the quality of life subscales.ConclusionsSolifenacin provides an overall improvement of bother and quality of life in female overactive bladder patients. Symptom severity before treatment and improvement of symptom severity seem to variably affect this improvement.
“Aiding Defeated Migrants”: Institutional Strategies to Assist Polish Returned Migrants
Authors: Czerniejewska Izabela , Goździak Elżbieta M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article is based on an exploratory study of Polish “returned” migrants aided by the Barka Foundation, carried out in 2010 shortly after the men were returned to Poland, during the liminal stage of readjustment and decision‐making about whether to remain in Poland, return to the UK or migrate elsewhere. The interviews centred on migrants' assessment of their migration projects; engagement with Barka outreach workers; decision‐making processes about returning to Poland; assessment of most pressing needs; evaluation of provided services once they returned to Poland; and plans for the future. Discussions with service providers mirrored these themes to compare the emic or insiders' (migrants) and etic or outsiders' (programme staff's) assessment of the strategies employed to aid Polish “returned” migrants.
Effect of age and maternal antibodies on the systemic and mucosal immune response after neonatal immunization in a porcine model
Authors: Guzman‐Bautista Edgar R. , Garcia‐Ruiz Carlos E. , Gama‐Espinosa Alicia L. , Ramirez‐Estudillo Carmen , Rojas‐Gomez Oscar I. , Vega‐Lopez Marco A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryNewborn mammals are highly susceptible to respiratory infections. Although maternal antibodies (MatAb) offer them some protection, they may also interfere with their systemic immune response to vaccination. However, the impact of MatAb on the neonatal mucosal immune response remains incompletely described. This study was performed to determine the effect of ovalbumin (OVA) ‐specific MatAb on the anti‐OVA antibody response in sera, nasal secretions and saliva from specific pathogen‐free Vietnamese miniature piglets immunized at 7 or 14 days of age. Our results demonstrated that MatAb increased antigen‐specific IgA and IgG responses in sera, and transiently enhanced an early secretory IgA response in nasal secretions of piglets immunized at 7 days of age. In contrast, we detected a lower mucosal (nasal secretion and saliva) anti‐OVA IgG response in piglets with MatAb immunized at 14 days of age, compared with piglets with no MatAb, suggesting a modulatory effect of antigen‐specific maternal factors on the isotype transfer to the mucosal immune exclusion system. In our porcine model, we demonstrated that passive maternal immunity positively modulated the systemic and nasal immune responses of animals immunized early in life. Our results, therefore, open the possibility of inducing systemic and respiratory mucosal immunity in the presence of MatAb through early vaccination.
Early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a new frontier in prevention
Authors: Verrall Ayesha J. , G. Netea Mihai , Alisjahbana Bachti , Hill Philip C. , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEarly clearance (EC) is the successful eradication of inhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis before an adaptive immune response develops. Evidence for EC comes from case contact studies that consistently show that a proportion of heavily exposed individuals do not develop M. tuberculosis infection. Further support for the existence of this phenotype comes from genetic loci associated with tuberculin reactivity. In this review we discuss aspects of the innate response that may underpin EC and hypotheses that can be tested through field laboratory link studies in M. tuberculosis case contacts. Specifically, we consider mechanisms whereby alveolar macrophages recognize and kill intracellular M. tuberculosis, and how other cell types, such as neutrophils, natural killer T cells, mucosa‐associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells may assist. How EC may be impaired by HIV infection or vitamin D deficiency is also explored. As EC is a form of protective immunity, further study may advance the development of vaccines and immunotherapies to prevent M. tuberculosis infection.
Regulatory variant of the TPH2 gene and early life stress are associated with heightened attention to social signals of fear in infants
Authors: Forssman Linda , Peltola Mikko J. , Yrttiaho Santeri , Puura Kaija , Mononen Nina , Lehtimäki Terho , Leppänen Jukka M. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundCross‐species evidence suggests that genetic and experiential factors act early in development to establish individual emotional traits, but little is known about the mechanisms that emerge during this period to mediate long‐term outcomes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that known genetic and environmental risk conditions may heighten infants' natural tendency to attend to threat‐alerting stimuli, resulting in a cognitive bias that may contribute to emotional vulnerability.MethodsData from two samples of 5–7‐month‐old infants (N = 139) were used to examine whether established candidate variations in the serotonin‐system genes, i.e., TPH2 SNP rs4570625 (‐703 G/T) and HTR1A SNP rs6295 (‐1019 G/C), and early rearing condition (maternal stress and depressive symptoms) are associated with alterations in infants' attention to facial expressions. Infants were tested with a paradigm that assesses the ability to disengage attention from a centrally presented stimulus (a nonface control stimulus or a neutral, happy, or fearful facial expression) toward the location of a new stimulus in the visual periphery (a geometric shape).ResultsTPH2 ‐703 T‐carrier genotype (i.e., TT homozygotes and heterozygotes), presence of maternal stress and depressive symptoms, and a combination of the T‐carrier genotype and maternal depressive symptoms were associated with a relatively greater difficulty disengaging attention from fearful facial expressions. No associations were found with infants' temperamental traits.ConclusionsAlterations in infants' natural attentional bias toward fearful facial expressions may emerge prior to the manifestation of emotional and social behaviors and provide a sensitive marker of early emotional development.