bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WIP: more than a WASp-interacting protein
Authors: Fried Sophia , Matalon Omri , Noy Elad , Barda-Saad Mira 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWIP plays an important role in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, which controls cellular activation, proliferation, and function. WIP regulates actin polymerization by linking the actin machinery to signaling cascades. WIP binding to WASp and to its homolog, N-WASp, which are central activators of the actin-nucleating complex Arp2/3, regulates their cellular distribution, function, and stability. By binding to WASp, WIP protects it from degradation and thus, is crucial for WASp retention. Indeed, most mutations that result in WAS, an X-linked immunodeficiency caused by defective/absent WASp activity, are located in the WIP-binding region of WASp. In addition, by binding directly to actin, WIP promotes the formation and stabilization of actin filaments. WASp-independent activities of WIP constitute a new research frontier and are discussed extensively in this article. Here, we review the current information on WIP in human and mouse systems, focusing on its associated proteins, its molecular-regulatory mechanisms, and its role as a key regulator of actin-based processes in the immune system.
Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Honda Hiroe , Nagai Yoshinori , Matsunaga Takayuki , Okamoto Naoki , Watanabe Yasuharu , Tsuneyama Koichi , Hayashi Hiroaki , Fujii Isao , Ikutani Masashi , Hirai Yoshikatsu , Muraguchi Atsushi , Takatsu Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInflammasome activation initiates the development of many inflammatory diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that target discrete activation steps could represent very important drugs. We reported previously that ILG, a chalcone from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Here, we show that ILG potently inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the effect is independent of its inhibitory potency on TLR4. The inhibitory effect of ILG was stronger than that of parthenolide, a known inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. GL, a triterpenoid from G. uralensis, had similar inhibitory effects on NLRP3 activity, but high concentrations of GL were required. In contrast, activation of the AIM2 inflammasome was inhibited by GL but not by ILG. Moreover, GL inhibited NLRP3- and AIM2-activated ASC oligomerization, whereas ILG inhibited NLRP3-activated ASC oligomerization. Low concentrations of ILG were highly effective in IAPP-induced IL-1β production compared with the sulfonylurea drug glyburide. In vivo analyses revealed that ILG potently attenuated HFD-induced obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, ILG treatment improved HFD-induced macrovesicular steatosis in the liver. Finally, ILG markedly inhibited diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and IL-1β and caspase-1 production in white adipose tissue in ex vivo culture. These results suggest that ILG is a potential drug target for treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory diseases.
Complement modulation of T cell immune responses during homeostasis and disease
Authors: Clarke Elizabeth V , Tenner Andrea J 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe complement system is an ancient and critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system as it senses, kills, and clears infectious and/or dangerous particles and alerts the immune system to the presence of the infection and/or danger. Interestingly, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated a clear role for complement in the adaptive immune system as well. Of note, a number of recent studies have identified previously unknown roles for complement proteins, receptors, and regulators in T cell function. Here, we will review recent data demonstrating the influence of complement proteins C1q, C3b/iC3b, C3a (and C3aR), and C5a (and C5aR) and complement regulators DAF (CD55) and CD46 (MCP) on T cell function during homeostasis and disease. Although new concepts are beginning to emerge in the field of complement regulation of T cell function, future experiments should focus on whether complement is interacting directly with the T cell or is having an indirect effect on T cell function via APCs, the cytokine milieu, or downstream complement activation products. Importantly, the identification of the pivotal molecular pathways in the human systems will be beneficial in the translation of concepts derived from model systems to therapeutic targeting for treatment of human disorders.
Unraveling the complexity of lipid body organelles in human eosinophils
Authors: Melo Rossana C N , Weller Peter F 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTLipid-rich organelles are common in many cell types. In cells, such as adipocytes, these organelles are termed LDs, whereas in other cells, such as leukocytes, they are called LBs. The study of leukocyte LBs has attracted attention as a result of their association with human diseases. In leukocytes, such as eosinophils, LB accumulation has been documented extensively during inflammatory conditions. In these cells, LBs are linked to the regulation of immune responses by compartmentalization of several proteins and lipids involved in the control and biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids). However, it has been unclear how diverse proteins, including membrane-associated enzymes involved in eicosanoid formation, incorporate into LBs, especially if the internal content of LBs is assumed to consist solely of stores of neutral lipids, as present within adipocyte LDs. Studies of the formation, function, and ultrastructure of LBs in eosinophils have been providing insights pertinent to LBs in other leukocytes. Here, we review current knowledge of the composition and function of leukocyte LBs as provided by studies of human eosinophil LBs, including recognitions of the internal architecture of eosinophil LBs based on 3D electron tomographic analyses.
Functional impairment in adolescents and young adults with
emerging mood disorders
Authors: Scott Jan , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Naismith Sharon L. , Guastella Adam J. , White Django , Whitwell Bradley , Lagopoulos Jim , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundBetween 30 and 60% of adults with unipolar or bipolar disorders exhibit
impairments across multiple domains. However, little is known about
impaired functioning in youth with mood disorders.AimsTo examine the prevalence of objective, subjective and observer-rated
disability in a large, representative sample of young people with a
primary mood disorder.MethodIndividuals aged 16–25 years presenting to youth mental health services
for the first time with a primary mood disorder participated in a
systematic diagnostic and clinical assessment. Impairment was assessed
using objective (unemployment or disability payments), observer- (Social
and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SOFAS) and self-rated
measures (role functioning according to the Brief Disability
Questionnaire).ResultsOf 1241 participants (83% unipolar; 56% female), at least 30% were
functionally impaired on the objective, self-rated and/or observer-rated
measures, with 16% impaired according to all three criteria. Even when
current distress levels were taken into account, daily use of cannabis
and/or nicotine were significantly associated with impairment, with odds
ratios (OR) ranging from about 1.5 to 3.0. Comorbid anxiety disorders
were related to lower SOFAS scores (OR = 2–5).ConclusionsLevels of disability were significant, even in those presenting for
mental healthcare for the first time. Functional impairment did not
differ between unipolar and bipolar cases, but some evidence suggested
that females with bipolar disorder were particularly disabled. The
prevalence of comorbid disorders (50%) and polysubstance use (28%) and
their association with disability indicate that more meaningful
indicators of mood episode outcomes should focus on functional rather
than symptom-specific measures. The association between functioning and
nicotine use requires further exploration.
Hippocampal abnormalities and age in chronic schizophrenia:
morphometric study across the adult lifespan
Authors: Pujol N. , Penadés R. , Junqué C. , Dinov I. , Fu C. H. Y. , Catalán R. , Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. , Bargalló N. , Bernardo M. , Toga A. , Howard R. J. , Costafreda S. G. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundHippocampal abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. It is
unclear whether these abnormalities worsen with age, and whether they
affect cognition and function.AimsTo determine whether hippocampal abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia
are associated with age, cognition and socio-occupational function.MethodUsing 3 T magnetic resonance imaging we scanned 100 persons aged 19–82
years: 51 were out-patients with stable schizophrenia at least 2 years
after diagnosis and 49 were healthy volunteers matched for age and
gender. Automated analysis was used to determine hippocampal volume and
shape.ResultsThere were differential effects of age in the schizophrenia and control
samples on total hippocampal volume (group×age interaction:
F(1,95) = 6.57, P = 0.012), with steeper
age-related reduction in the schizophrenia group. Three-dimensional shape
analysis located the age-related deformations predominantly in the
mid-body of the hippocampus. In the schizophrenia group similar patterns
of morphometric abnormalities were correlated with impaired cognition and
poorer socio-occupational function.ConclusionsHippocampal abnormalities are associated with age in people with chronic
schizophrenia, with a steeper decline than in healthy individuals. These
abnormalities are associated with cognitive and functional deficits,
suggesting that hippocampal morphometry may be a biomarker for cognitive
decline in older patients with schizophrenia.
Structures of Naphthol–AOT Self-assembly Organogels and Their Applications to Dispersing Media of Rare-earth Complexes
Authors: Katsube Shotaro , Harada Takashi , Umecky Tatsuya , Takamuku Toshiyuki , Kaji Toshihiko , Hiramoto Masahiro , Katsumoto Yukiteru , Nishiyama Katsura 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The compound 2-naphthol and surfactant AOT have been found to form gels in nonpolar solvents via self-assembly. The gel can be applied to an emitting organogel upon UV excitation. NMR spectroscopy revealed that 2-naphthol has a stacked structure in which naphthyl π–π overlap is maximized, and the exterior of this structure is surrounded by AOT. This organogel emits blue light under UV excitation because of dense stacking of the 2-naphthol framework. When a Eu3+ complex exhibiting orange emission was dispersed in the gel, pinkish-white emission was observed because of an additive color-tuning of the gel body and the Eu3+ complex dispersed in it.
Karol Jaroszyński (1878-1929) – europejski finansista i wizjoner z Kresów
Authors: Wasyl Franciszek 
Published: September 2014

Karol Jaroszyński (1878-1929) – an European financier and visionary from the Borderlands
The article is devoted to the life and activities of Karol Jaroszyński, one of the richest and most influential people in czarist Russia at the time of its twilight. K. Jaroszyński was descended from a Polish family settled in the Borderlands (in the Kiev region). Educated within the sphere of Western and Catholic culture, he owed his financial prosperity to successful investments in the banking system of the Romanov family, and also to wide contacts and connections. K. Jaroszyński personally knew czar Nicholas II’s family, and also influential financiers and entrepreneurs who were active in Russia before the outbreak of the I World War (inter alios Emanuel Nobel, Boris Abramovich Kamienka, Vladislav Zhukowsky). He was an adherent of a theory that as a result of the domination of German capital and its “tacit” collaboration with the Bolsheviks in 1917-1918, the consolidation and eventual victory of the “red” dictatorship occurred. K. Jaroszyński took part in a plot to save the czar’s family from the hands of Bolshevist murderers (the plot was unsuccessful). He also explored, together with the British intelligence, the chances of deposition of communist dictatorship on the basis of available economic and organisational resources. In 1919 he left Russia and travelled across Western Europe, where his great determination was met with even greater lack of understanding as he attempted to form a front against the communist dictatorship in Russia which he considered, similarly to W. Churchill, as a great danger to mankind. Eventually he settled in Poland where he became famous as the founder of the Catholic University of Lublin, a Polish institution of education modelled after the Catholic University of Leuven. K. Jaroszyński was unsuccessful in his business matters conducted in his fatherland; he did not start a family. He died in poverty and solitude in Warsaw on 8 September 1929. The article features two never-before-published memoirs of people who were friends with K. Jaroszyński. These are the accounts of Kazimierz and Karol Górski, father and son. Karol Górski went on to become a professor of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.
The writing of the article was possible thanks to the kindness and assistance of K. Jaroszyński’s family and relatives: Józef Jaroszyński, Paweł Dembinski, Teresa Bisping née Starowieyska and Wojciech Starowieyski.
calidad de la enseñanza de E/LE y de la traducción: un camino hacia la profesionalización
Authors: Albin Joanna 
Published: September 2014

THE QUALITY OF TEACHING SPANISH AND TRANSLATION SKILLS: TOWARDS PROFESSIONALIZATION
The aim of this paper is to analyse affective and motivational factors during the didactic process within the bachelor studies of “Applied Spanish language”. According to the data collected, a motivational crisis can be observed when students reach the communicative level of Spanish. On the contrary, motivation does not drop in translation classes, while the main problem is low self-efficacy along with high anxiety then facing a translation task. My conclusions point at the renewal of quality conception by reformulating teaching curricula as vocational training. As for the recommended methodology, I propose simultaneous teaching of linguistic and translation skills, according to the principle of co-emergence of competencies, based on students’ autonomy, respect and taking advantage of students’ experience and personal goals.
Situación de los docentes de español /LE en centros de enseñanza secundaria en Cracovia: aproximación a un análisis de expectativas y satisfacción profesional
Authors: Balches Arenas R. Sergio 
Published: September 2014

THE SITUATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL SPANISH TEACHERS IN CRACOW: AN ANALISIS OF THEIR EXPECTATIONS AND THEIR JOB SATISFACTION
The goal of this paper is to offer –from a synchronic perspective– an empirical analysis of the way Secondary School teachers within the Cracow metropolitan area perceive their teaching and the students they work with. Thanks to the conducted survey we will be able to observe the evaluation of aspects such as work environment and atmosphere, the teaching institution, salary, the strengths and weaknesses of educational centres, etc. This will be preceded by a brief study into the Polish education system which will provide an introductory reference to the context the research was carried out in.
Construções perifrásticas portuguesas dever + infinitivo e ter de/que + infinitivo – um problema didático
Authors: Drzazgowska Joanna 
Published: September 2014

PORTUGUESE VERBAL PERIPHRASIS WITH DEVER AS A TEACHING PROBLEM
This article attempts to highlight the problems in teaching and learning of two Portuguese periphrastic modal constructions. The aforementioned problem is related to polysemy of periphrases with dever and supposed synonymy in specific contexts of those periphrases.
Globalización y español intercultural
Authors: Fuentes González Antonio Daniel 
Published: September 2014

GLOBALISATION AND THE INTERCULTURAL SPANISH
The actual process of the electronic-financial globalisation requires a certain symbolic uniformity, which, in turn, needs languages, even in the most marginal way, although generally this globalised system tends to consider them as a ballast. From the perspective of this symbolic platform, we can talk about the Global Glasshouse, with thin and transparent sides, from/to which one can be expulsed and/or admitted. Languages, thanks to their constitutive malleability, accommodate themselves to this big glasshouse. For that reason, we can say that the intercultural Spanish language as a communicative breath can cushion an unreal-speculative globalisation, which, however, is meant to have ability to (re)convert languages – despite all its initial restrictions – into a permanently exchangeable merchandise within the flow of the symbolic market.
Rasgos competenciales en los (sub)procesos de escritura académica entre estudiantes de español como segunda lengua (E/LE)
Authors: Romero Oliva Manuel Francisco 
Published: September 2014

COMPETENCE FEATURES IN THE (SUB)PROCESS OF ACADEMIC WRITING AMONG THE STUDENTS OF SPANISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
This article tries to elaborate a competence profile of Polish students in relation to the academic literacy in the second language (E/LE). The study of the different cognitive (sub) processes that appear in the development of writing has been realized across paragraphs of evaluation that will allow the elaboration of a qualitative analysis of the competence levels; whereas the findings obtained from the linguistic examined corpus will have to affect, both the teacher and the apprentices in the improvement of the teaching and learning processes of the target language.
política educativa en Polonia en el ámbito de enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y su influencia en la situación y perspectivas del español en escuelas polacas
Authors: Tatoj Cecylia 
Published: September 2014

THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF POLAND AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SITUATION OF SPANISH AT POLISH SCHOOLS
In the present article, I comment on the educational policy of Poland in the area of teaching foreign languages. One of the main focal points is to analyze that educational policy and its influence on the actual situation of teaching foreign languages, particularly concentrating on the position of Spanish language. The primary objective of this work is to present the perspectives of Spanish language in Poland. In order for the research to be complete, I presents data concerning Spanish being taught at all the levels of teaching in Poland.
centros educativos como comunidades de práctica: la práctica reflexiva colectiva como modelo de formación
Authors: Ruescas Olga Esteve 
Published: September 2014

MUTUAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICE AS A MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATIONAL CENTRES
It has been shown that among the different modalities of teacher training, those that take place within a group, with interaction among the teachers themselves and aimed at achieving a common objective are the most suitable for improving teaching practices. Nevertheless, this type of formative process is only effective if it is carried out systematically and if it is really participative. Therefore, efforts would be made to help organizations like schools to become communities of practice.
Colectivos con necesidades específicas, una nueva realidad universitaria
Authors: Palka Ewa 
Published: September 2014

STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS – A NEW CHALLENGE FOR UNIVERSITIES: A SUPPORT MODEL FOR SPANISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
Special educational needs is an umbrella term for different groups of people including students with learning difficulties or disabilities. Over the last few decades the education solutions for the disabled have evolved towards the inclusive model, recommended in the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, which was ratified by Poland in 2012. The Convention establishes a new reality which needs attention almost immediately by the Institute of Roman Philologies of the Jagiellonian University of Cracow, due to the matriculation of a student with visual disability. Having analysed different options, it has been decided to offer the necessary support under the form of a new academic subject entitled Assistance to the disabled in educational environments, organised and developed in co-operation with the Disability Support Service of the Jagiellonian University. The final evaluation has proved that the subject is a success and benefits all the people involved. The added value of the project is the training of the first group of Spanish teachers in Poland who know how to teach visually disabled learners. In this way the situation which, at first, was a problem has turned into an opportunity. Taking into consideration the results achieved the programme will continue during the following academic years.
Theologisches Feuer
Authors: Sauter Gerhard 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hans Joachim Iwand hat für die Versöhnung des deutschen Volkes mit seinen östlichen Nachbarn und zur Erneuerung des Verhältnisses von Christen und Juden entscheidende Anstöße gegeben. Durch die Art und Weise, in der er dies tat, hat er oft auch Anstoß erregt.Wie hängt dies mit seiner Persönlichkeit, seiner theologischen Existenz, seinen Lebensumständen, seiner theologischen Forschung und Lehre zusammen?
In einer theologischen Porträtskizze werden Iwands Auffassung von Schulderkenntnis, Umkehr und Umdenken, seine theologische Verantwortung der Predigt, in der Gottes Verheißung vernehmbar wird, und seine Erkenntnis christlicher Freiheit umrissen. Bedacht werden auch Iwands Beiträge zum Verständnis der reformatorischen Rechtfertigungslehre in unserer Zeit, zur Beziehung von Christentum und Kultur und zum theologischen Verständnis des Menschen im Verhältnis zum philosophischen Menschenbild.
»… für uns zur Sünde gemacht …« (2 Kor 5,21)
Authors: Assel Heinrich 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die erst jüngst publizierte Christologie Hans Joachim Iwands radikalisiert den Begriff menschlichen Personseins kreuzestheologisch durch die riskante These: Der Gekreuzigte selbst ist Sünder und Gerechter zugleich. Gerade dadurch wird aber Iwands Personverständnis reicher als der analogische Personbegriff Barths und ›realistischer‹ als das identitätsfixierte Personkonzept Pannenbergs. Wo und wann Jesus Christus als peccatum metaphoricum Gottes angeschaut und geglaubt wird, ereignet sich das relationale Sein der Person im Geist, und zwar als Übergang vom Zorn in den Frieden Gottes im Gebet. Der dogmatisch-spekulative Begriff ›Person‹ spiegelt und erschließt so, recht verstanden, die lebendige Metaphorik des biblisch erzählten Bildes Jesu, wie an der Gethsemane-Perikope gezeigt wird.
›Frühpaulinisch‹ und / oder ›spätpaulinisch‹?
Authors: Bendemann Reinhard von 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag greift die gegenwärtig kontrovers diskutierte Problemstellung auf, ob und inwiefern die Briefe des Paulus sich unter dem Aspekt einer ›Entwicklung‹ bzw. eines sukzessiven Fortschreitens seiner theologischen Reflexion darstellen lassen. Als Prüfstein dienen die Gesetzesaussagen, mit denen sich in jüngster Zeit in besonderer Weise die Fragen nach den sozio-historischen Bedingungen wie nach einem sachlichen Zentrum der Theologie des Apostels verbinden. Eine differenzierte Betrachtungsweise, die die Hauptaspekte und Modi der paulinischen Rede vom Gesetz in den frühen wie in den späteren Briefen vergleicht, macht den heuristischen Gewinn der Frage nach einer Genese transparent. Mit der Frage nach den Lebenszusammenhängen wie mit der Unterscheidung von sachlicher Logik und sprachlicher Realisierung wird zugleich deutlich, dass bereits das früheste Schreiben des Heidenapostels die Gestalt einer mit seiner Biografie und Wirksamkeit aufs engste verbundenen Position zu erkennen gibt, die sich in verschiedener Akzentuierung und Ausformulierung bis hin zum Römerbrief durchhält. Von hier aus ergeben sich Perspektiven für eine Gesamtrekonstruktion paulinischer Theologie.