bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Polysomnography in the Development of an Algorithm for Planning Tracheostomy Decannulation
Authors: Robison Jacob G. , Thottam Prasad John , Greenberg Laura L. , Maguire Raymond C. , Simons Jeffrey P. , Mehta Deepak K. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the role of polysomnography (PSG) in helping determine readiness of tracheostomized patients for decannulation.Study DesignCase series with chart review of pediatric patients who underwent PSG with tracheostomy tube in place with the goal of decannulation.SettingTertiary care pediatric center.Subjects and MethodsTwenty‐eight tracheostomized patients who underwent PSG from January 2006 to March 2012 were included. Outcome measures were successful decannulation, PSG results, surgical procedures, and medical comorbidities.ResultsOf the 28 patients, 20 (71.4%) were decannulated and 8 (28.6%) were not. One (3.6%) patient failed long‐term decannulation. The average apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) with a capped tracheostomy for those successfully decannulated was 2.75 (range, 0.6‐7.6), while the AHI for those not decannulated was 15.99 (range, 3.2‐62). Factors associated with success or failure to decannulate were assessed, and an algorithm was developed to plan for successful decannulation. Laryngotracheal reconstruction was a significant factor in those successfully decannulated. Those who were not decannulated had multiple medical comorbidities, multilevel airway obstruction, need for additional surgery, or chronic need for pulmonary toilet.ConclusionsPolysomnography may be a useful adjunctive study in the process of determining a patient's readiness for decannulation. Our current algorithm for decannulation includes upper airway endoscopy with identification of levels of obstruction, followed by surgical correction of those obstructions; capped PSG to determine patency of the airway and help assess lung function; and overnight intensive care unit admission for capping trial, with decannulation the following day if well tolerated.
Pediatric advance care planning from the perspective of health care professionals: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Lotz Julia D , Jox Ralf J , Borasio Gian Domenico , Führer Monika 
Published: November 2014

Background: Pediatric advance care planning differs from the adult setting in several aspects, including patients’ diagnoses, minor age, and questionable capacity to consent. So far, research has largely neglected the professionals’ perspective. Aim: We aimed to investigate the attitudes and needs of health care professionals with regard to pediatric advance care planning. Design: This is a qualitative interview study with experts in pediatric end-of-life care. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Setting/participants: We conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with health care professionals caring for severely ill children/adolescents, from different professions, care settings, and institutions. Results: Perceived problems with pediatric advance care planning relate to professionals’ discomfort and uncertainty regarding end-of-life decisions and advance directives. Conflicts may arise between physicians and non-medical care providers because both avoid taking responsibility for treatment limitations according to a minor’s advance directive. Nevertheless, pediatric advance care planning is perceived as helpful by providing an action plan for everyone and ensuring that patient/parent wishes are respected. Important requirements for pediatric advance care planning were identified as follows: repeated discussions and shared decision-making with the family, a qualified facilitator who ensures continuity throughout the whole process, multi-professional conferences, as well as professional education on advance care planning. Conclusion: Despite a perceived need for pediatric advance care planning, several barriers to its implementation were identified. The results remain to be verified in a larger cohort of health care professionals. Future research should focus on developing and testing strategies for overcoming the existing barriers.
LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects
Authors: Gasser Peter , Kirchner Katharina , Passie Torsten 
Published: November 2014

Objective: A recently published study showed the safety and efficacy of LSD-assisted psychotherapy in patients with anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. Participants of this study were included in a prospective follow-up. Method: 12 months after finishing LSD psychotherapy, 10 participants were tested for anxiety (STAI) and participated in a semi-structured interview. A Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was carried out on the interviews to elaborate about LSD effects and lasting psychological changes. Results: None of the participants reported lasting adverse reactions. The significant benefits as measured with the STAI were sustained over a 12-month period. In the QCA participants consistently reported insightful, cathartic and interpersonal experiences, accompanied by a reduction in anxiety (77.8%) and a rise in quality of life (66.7%). Evaluations of subjective experiences suggest facilitated access to emotions, confrontation of previously unknown anxieties, worries, resources and intense emotional peak experiences à la Maslow as major psychological working mechanisms. The experiences created led to a restructuring of the person’s emotional trust, situational understanding, habits and world view. Conclusions: LSD administered in a medically supervised psychotherapeutic setting can be safe and generate lasting benefits in patients with a life-threatening disease. Explanatory models for the therapeutic effects of LSD warrant further study.
Intratendinous Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Park Sang-Eun , Panchal Karnav , Jeong Jae-Jung , Kim Young-Yul , Kim Jong-Ho , Lee Ju-Yeob , Ji Jong-Hun 
Published: November 2014

Background: Intratendinous tears of the rotator cuff are rare, and little has been written about them. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopically confirmed intratendinous tears treated with transtendon suture bridge repair. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Included in the study were 33 patients (16 male, 17 female; mean age, 53.4 years) with arthroscopically confirmed intratendinous tears treated with transtendon suture bridge repair from March 2006 to July 2012. A history of trauma was found in 10 cases (30.3%). The dominant arm was involved in 26 cases (78.8%). The mean follow-up duration was 56 months. Preoperatively, a thorough physical examination was performed; at final follow-up, shoulder range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion, abduction, external rotation (ER) at the side, and internal rotation (IR) at the back was noted, and clinical outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score; University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] score; visual analog scale [VAS] for pain; and Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) were recorded and compared with the preoperative data. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 6 months to investigate rotator cuff healing status and repair integrity. Results: The prevalence of arthroscopically confirmed intratendinous tears was 4.7% among all arthroscopically treated partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Impingement signs were positive in most of the patients (positive Hawkins-Kennedy test result in 78.8%, positive Neer sign in 66.7%, and either positive Hawkins-Kennedy test result or Neer sign in 84.8%). At final follow-up, mean ASES, UCLA, VAS, and SST scores improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 51.4, 18.9, 6.0, and 5.4, respectively, to a postoperative mean of 90.6, 32.9, 1.4, and 10.8, respectively ( P < .001). According to the UCLA rating scale, outcomes were excellent in 17, good in 13, and fair in 3 cases. Shoulder ROM in forward flexion, abduction, ER at the side, and IR at the back improved from a preoperative mean of 135°, 129°, 25°, and L2, respectively, to a postoperative mean of 161°, 160°, 29°, and T10, respectively ( P < .001 for all except ER). As per the Sugaya classification, on postoperative MRI, type I healing status was found in 10 (30.3%), type II in 18 (54.5%), and type III in 2 (6.1%) cases. None of the patients showed any evidence of retears. Conclusion: Transtendon suture bridge repair yielded satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with intratendinous rotator cuff tears.
Birth and Breastfeeding Dynamics in a Modernizing Indigenous Community
Authors: Veile Amanda , Kramer Karen 
Published: November 2014

Background: Changes in health care access and birthing practices may pose barriers to optimal breastfeeding in modernizing rural populations. Objectives: We evaluated temporal and maternal age-related trends in birth and breastfeeding in a modernizing Maya agriculturalist community. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) home births would be associated with better breastfeeding outcomes than hospital births, and (2) vaginal births would be associated with better breastfeeding outcomes than cesarean births. Methods: We interviewed 58 Maya mothers (ages 21-85) regarding their births and breastfeeding practices. General linear models were used to evaluate trends in birthing practices and breastfeeding outcomes (timing of breastfeeding initiation, use of infant formula, age of introduction of complementary feeding, and breastfeeding duration). We then compared breastfeeding outcomes by location (home or hospital) and mode of birth (vaginal or cesarean). Results: Timing of breastfeeding initiation and the rate of formula feeding both increased significantly over time. Younger mothers introduced complementary foods earlier, breastfed for shorter durations, and formula fed more than older mothers. Vaginal hospital births were associated with earlier breastfeeding initiation and longer breastfeeding durations than home births. Cesarean births were associated with later breastfeeding initiation, shorter breastfeeding durations, and more formula feeding than vaginal hospital births. Conclusion: We have observed temporal and maternal age-related trends toward suboptimal breastfeeding patterns in the Maya community. Contrary to our first hypothesis, hospital births per se were not associated with negative breastfeeding outcomes. In support of our second hypothesis, cesarean versus vaginal births were associated with negative breastfeeding outcomes.
Resilience in Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Domhardt Matthias , Münzer Annika , Fegert Jörg M. , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: November 2014

Objective. This review article summarizes empirical research on resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) and discusses protective factors that are associated with adaptive functioning in spite of sexual victimization. Methods. A literature search to identify studies published up to November 2013 was performed within the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and PSYNDEXplus. Additional relevant studies were retrieved using a snowball technique. A total of 37 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final sample. Results. In the studies included in this review, the percentage of CSA survivors who were found to have a normal level of functioning despite a history of sexual abuse ranged from 10% to 53%. The protective factors that had the best empirical support were found to be education, interpersonal and emotional competence, control beliefs, active coping, optimism, social attachment, external attribution of blame, and most importantly, support from the family and the wider social environment. Conclusions. Preventive and clinical interventions for survivors of CSA should utilize psychoeducation and cognitive strategies that are adapted to the developmental level of the victim and that seek to enhance social support from significant others. Future research should focus on longitudinal research designs considering resilience rather as a dynamic process with multiple dimensions in a social and developmental context.
The market trend analysis and prospects of scaffolds for stem cells
Authors: Lee Seou , Kwon Taehoon , Chung Eun Kyung , Lee Joon Woo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Scaffolds are one of the three most important elements constituting the basic concept of regenerative medicine, and are included in the core technology of regenerative medicine along with stem cells and tissue engineering. Stem cells are very important technology because they are directly responsible for the regenerative treatment of the disease and the damaged tissue, but with regards to the technology and the products that use stem cells exclusively, there is a technical limitation of limited survival rate and the engraftment rate of the transplanted cell, and rather than recovering the damaged tissue fundamentally, there is a limit that the concept is more of just another medicine treatment using cells.
A scaffold is a natural or synthetic biocompatible material transplanted into a human body to be used as the exclusive treatment or as an assisted method of another treatment of a disease and for the recovery of damaged tissue. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the tissue to be applied, scaffolds must have the characteristics such as the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, minimum immunity and inflammation, proper mechanical strength and interaction between the material and the cells.

Results
The world stem cell market was approximately 2.715 billion dollars in 2010, and with a growth rate of 16.8% annually, a market of 6.877 billion dollars will be formed in 2016. From 2017, the expected annual growth rate is 10.6%, which would expand the market to 11.38 billion dollars by 2021. Meanwhile, the world scaffold element technology market was approximately 4.57 million dollars in 2013, and by increasing 13.4% annually, it is estimated to expand to 10.63 million dollars by 2020. The Korean scaffold element technology market was about 22 million dollars in 2013, and with a steady growth of approximately 13.4% every year, it is prospected to be about 52 million dollars by 2020.

Conclusions
In comparison to the medical material and medicine sales growth rate, the future scaffold element technology market is judged to be higher in growth possibility.
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 controls PI3-kinase activation downstream of the T cell antigen receptor in human T cells
Authors: Chapman Nicole M , Yoder Ashley N , Barbo´n Kathryn M , Bilal Mahmood Y , Connolly Sean F , Houtman Jon C D 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
TCR-induced signaling controls T cell activation that drives adaptive immunity against infections, but it can also induce dysfunctional T cell responses that promote pathologic disease. The PI3K pathway regulates many downstream effector responses after TCR stimulation. However, the molecular mechanisms that induce PI3K function downstream of the TCR are not fully understood. We have previously shown that Pyk2 is activated downstream of the TCR in a PI3K-independent manner. Although Pyk2 controls adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine production in T cells, the mechanisms by which it controls these processes are not known. In this study, we generated Pyk2-deficient human T cells to elucidate further the role that this kinase plays in TCR-induced effector functions and signaling. We observed that Pyk2 localized with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K at the LAT complex and that PI3K-dependent signaling was impaired in Pyk2-deficient T cells. Likewise, functions downstream of PI3K, including IFN-γ production and proliferation, were also suppressed in human T cells deficient in Pyk2. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Pyk2 is a critical regulator of PI3K function downstream of the TCR.
Perspectives on the past and the future: Clients' views for adult stammering
Authors: Allen Carolyn , McGroarty Allan , Aydin Ayse 
Published: November 2014

Background: Client opinions are appropriate contributions to the design and evaluation of health care services. Adults who stammer (AWS) have previously informed discussion regarding speech and language therapy (SLT) services; however, contemporary UK perspectives are lacking. Aim: This study aimed to identify features of helpful and unhelpful SLT services for AWS from the client and potential user perspective. Highlighting preferred components of therapy from this standpoint can help to ensure that SLT services are client-centred. Methods: An online survey was conducted using questions largely derived from UK professional guidelines of minimum best practice. Responses were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: Both positive and negative aspects of individual and group therapy for AWS were identified. Ideal service characteristics related to ‘therapy and therapist’ and ‘service delivery’ issues. Results were generally consistent with previous similar studies. In addition, consideration of the place of remote communication methods within therapy highlighted an appetite for such practice. Conclusions: SLT facilitated long-term benefits for the majority of respondents, but future service design could incorporate greater flexibility in the: timing of therapy; therapeutic format; choice of therapist; and use of technology. The relevance of these findings for allied health services is acknowledged.
The effect of the Nintendo Wii Fit on exercise capacity and gait in an elderly woman with CREST syndrome
Authors: Broadbent Suzanne , Crowley-McHattan Zachary , Zhou Shi , Shaw Brandon S 
Published: November 2014

Background/Purpose: Physical deconditioning and impaired balance and gait are common barriers to exercise in frail older adults. This case report describes the efficacy of Nintendo Wii Fit exercises in improving functional capacity, exercise tolerance, strength and balance in an elderly woman with CREST syndrome and multiple chronic conditions. Case description: A sedentary 77-year-old woman with: scleroderma (CREST syndrome) and secondary Sjögren's syndrome; pulmonary hypertension; coronary artery disease; interstitial lung disease; and tremor. The patient could ambulate with a cane and had a high risk of falling. Methods: The participant completed three 30-minute sessions of Wii Fit exercises per week for 12 weeks. The exercises included step aerobics, marching and interactive games to develop balance, weight transfer and upper and lower body strength. Results: Substantial improvements were seen in the following: 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (100%); Timed Up and Go (TUG) (5.3%); 30-second sit to stand (25%); hand grip strength (right 21%; left 8.6%); ankle plantarflexion (right 16.7%; left 33.3%) and dorsiflexion (right 125%; left 88.9%), Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment (balance score 35.5%; falls efficacy scale score 21.4%); resting systolic blood pressure (5.1%); and oxygen saturation (3.3%). The average movement of centre of pressure decreased post-intervention, but average velocity increased. Conclusions: Specific Wii Fit games may improve health, exercise capacity, mobility, balance and fall risk in older adults affected with CREST and associated severe cardiopulmonary symptoms.
Circulating Tumor DNA as a Liquid Biopsy for Cancer
Authors: Heitzer Ellen , Ulz Peter , Geigl Jochen B 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTargeted therapies have markedly changed the treatment of cancer over the past 10 years. However, almost all tumors acquire resistance to systemic treatment as a result of tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and selection. Although genotyping is the most currently used method for categorizing tumors for clinical decisions, tumor tissues provide only a snapshot, or are often difficult to obtain. To overcome these issues, methods are needed for a rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive identification of biomarkers at various time points during the course of disease. Because cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential surrogate for the entire tumor genome, the use of ctDNA as a liquid biopsy may help to obtain the genetic follow-up data that are urgently needed.CONTENTThis review includes recent studies exploring the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive potential of ctDNA as a liquid biopsy in cancer. In addition, it covers biological and technical aspects, including recent advances in the analytical sensitivity and accuracy of DNA analysis as well as hurdles that have to be overcome before implementation into clinical routine.SUMMARYAlthough the analysis of ctDNA is a promising area, and despite all efforts to develop suitable tools for a comprehensive analysis of tumor genomes from plasma DNA, the liquid biopsy is not yet routinely used as a clinical application. Harmonization of preanalytical and analytical procedures is needed to provide clinical standards to validate the liquid biopsy as a clinical biomarker in well-designed and sufficiently powered multicenter studies.
O Que Nos Ensinam os Novos Meios sobre o Livro no Livro do Desassossego
Authors: Silvestre Osvaldo Manuel 
Published: November 2014

O texto procede por comparação entre o caso de O Homem Sem Qualidades e o Livro do Desassossego, que são lidos como dois paradigmas do livro modernista. Segue-se uma leitura das estratégias fundamentais de produção do livro no Livro do Desassossego e interroga-se o contributo do arquivo digital para o livro. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_4
World Wide Book: A Digitalização e o Livro
Authors: Bettencourt Sandra , Portela Manuel 
Published: November 2014

Apresentação sumária de sete arquivos contendo digitalizações do património bibliográfico ou reflexões sobre as formas digitais e pós-digitais do livro: Codices Electronici Sangallenses, Digital Scriptorium, Artists' Books Online, Tipo.PT, University of Iowa Libraries Bookbinding Models, Post-Digital Publishing Archive e The Institute for the Future of the Book.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_9
An evaluation of course evaluations
Authors: Stark Philip B. , Freishtat Richard 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Student ratings of teaching have been used, studied, and debated for almost a century. This article examines student ratings of teaching from a statistical perspective. The common practice of relying on averages of student teaching evaluation scores as the primary measure of teaching effectiveness for promotion and tenure decisions should be abandoned for substantive and statistical reasons: There is strong evidence that student responses to questions of “effectiveness” do not measure teaching effectiveness. Response rates and response variability matter. And comparing averages of categorical responses, even if the categories are represented by numbers, makes little sense. Student ratings of teaching are valuable when they ask the right questions, report response rates and score distributions, and are balanced by a variety of other sources and methods to evaluate teaching.
The long-time behavior of 3-dimensional Ricci flow on certain topologies
Authors: Bamler Richard H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the long-time
behavior of 3-dimensional Ricci flow with surgery.
We prove that under the topological condition that the initial manifold only has non-aspherical or hyperbolic components in its geometric decomposition, there are only finitely many surgeries and the curvature is bounded by C

t

-
1

$t^{-1}$

for large t.
This proves a conjecture of Perelman for this class of initial topologies.
The proof of this fact illustrates the fundamental ideas that are used in the subsequent papers of the author.