bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with low back pain changes during the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Lai Yeur‐Hur , Jensen Mark P. , Shun Shiow‐Ching , Hsiao Fei‐Hsiu , Lee Chen‐Nan , Yang Ya‐Ling 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims(1) To investigate the course of pregnancy‐related low back pain intensity and interference during the third trimester, and (2) to identify risk factors associated with changes in pain intensity and interference over time.BackgroundPregnancy‐related low back pain is common and reaches its peak both in the prevalence and severity in the third trimester.DesignA longitudinal design with consecutive sampling.MethodsThree waves of data were collected from pregnant women in an antenatal care centre of a medical centre and a regional hospital in the northern Taiwan from February–June, 2010. Questionnaires were administered at gestational ages 28, 32 and 36 weeks. 214 women were enrolled and 179 participants completed all measures. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the risk factors associated with changes in pain intensity and pain interference over time.ResultsPain interference increased over time during the third trimester. Pain catastrophizing and pain intensity at gestational age 24 weeks and time (from 28–36 weeks) were associated with increases in pregnancy‐related low back pain intensity. These same factors plus depression were associated with an increase in pregnancy‐related low back pain interference.ConclusionsThis study identified a number of prospective factors related to increases in pain intensity and pain interference during the third trimester. Given that both catastrophizing and depression are modifiable, the findings indicate that research examining the benefits of treatments that address these (e.g. cognitive‐behavioural therapy) on pain and pain interference is warranted.
Exploring nursing assistants' roles in the process of pain management for cognitively impaired nursing home residents: a qualitative study
Authors: Liu Justina Y.W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo explore nursing assistants' roles during the actual process of pain management (assessment, reporting, implementation of pain‐relieving interventions and re‐assessment) for cognitively impaired home residents with pain.BackgroundNursing assistants provide most of the direct care to residents and represent the major taskforce in nursing homes. They may develop specialized knowledge of residents' pain experience that enables them to play both a pivotal role in pain assessment and possibly a supporting role in pain treatment. Currently, there is a lack of research into nursing assistants' functions in pain management.DesignThis is a descriptive, exploratory qualitative study.MethodsForty‐nine nursing assistants were recruited from 12 nursing homes, 12 of them participating in semi‐structured individual interviews and 37 in 8 semi‐structured focus groups. All interviews were carried out from May to September 2010. Data collected via both data collection methods were transcribed verbatim and analysed by content analysis.ResultsNursing assistants were found to play four roles in the pain management process: (1) pain assessor; (2) reporter; (3) subordinate implementing prescribed medications; and (4) instigator implementing non‐pharmacological interventions.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of nursing assistants in successful pain assessment and identifies their possible supporting roles in other aspects of pain management. However, nursing assistants' scope of practice resulted in their functions in pain management being continually undervalued by other healthcare professionals. Continuous in‐service training, the use of a standardized pain management protocol and strategies for building coherent work teams in nursing homes are suggested to improve this situation.
Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and lose money? The psychological determinants of scam compliance
Authors: Fischer Peter , Lea Stephen E. G. , Evans Kath M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhy do so many people all over the world, so often, react to completely worthless scam offers? In two questionnaire studies, one of which included the distribution of an experimentally manipulated simulated scam, we investigated differences between respondents who did and did not report past compliance with scams. We found that the principal differences were in their response to very high‐value incentives, in the extent to which they reacted with positive emotions to the thought of winning a large prize, in their reliance on signs of official authority, and in their self‐confidence. The first two of these can be regarded as forms of visceral processing. Some of these differences suggested a dispositional difference between victims and non‐victims.
Are Information Attributes Priced?
Authors: Botosan Christine A. , Plumlee Marlene A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA seminal model in finance links cost of equity capital to information precision, composition and dissemination. Using realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital and the probability of an informed trade (PIN) to proxy for composition, prior research documents results consistent with the model's prediction regarding composition. Nonetheless, prior research that examines the construct validity cautions against the use of future realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital and recommend rDIV_PREM or rPEG_PREM instead. The authors speculate but do not demonstrate how the results in existing research might be incorrect due to their use of realized returns. This paper provides such evidence. We find that the authors inference regarding PIN is dependent on their choice of realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital. We also estimate a more complete specification of the model that includes precision and dissemination, and we decompose PIN into its component parts to isolate that portion of PIN that varies with dissemination. These refinements allow for new insights regarding the veracity of the model's predictions. We conclude that cost of equity capital is increasing in composition, and decreasing in dissemination, and find some, albeit not conclusive support, for the prediction that cost of equity capital is decreasing in precision.
The gingival biotype: measurement of soft and hard tissue dimensions ‐ a radiographic morphometric study
Authors: Stein Jamal M. , Lintel‐Höping Nils , Hammächer Christian , Kasaj Adrian , Tamm Miriam , Hanisch Oliver 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundGingival biotypes have been reported to influence the outcome of restorative therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of different morphometric parameters with the thickness of the buccal gingiva and alveolar bone at different apico‐coronal levels.MethodsIn 60 periodontally healthy subjects, the central maxillary incisor was examined. Clinical parameters included the crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), gingival width (GW), gingival scallop (SC) and transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival sulcus (TRAN). Gingival and alveolar bone dimensions were assessed on parallel profile radiographs.ResultsCrown width/crown length ratio was positively correlated with the thickness of the gingiva at the cementoenamel junction (G3) (r = 0.47) and to the thickness of the alveolar crest (A1) (r = 0.46); whereas SC had a weak negative and GW had a moderate positive correlation with all radiographic measurements. TRAN had a stronger negative relation to the thickness at the free gingiva (r = −0.42) than to other tissue thicknesses. All gingival thickness values were correlated with A1 value. Multivariate models identified CW/CL and GW as significant predictors for G3 value, whereas CW/CL was a significant predictor for A1 value.ConclusionCrown width/crown length ratio and GW could represent surrogate parameters to anticipate the gingival thickness at the cementoenamel junction, whereas CW/CL might also be an indicator for alveolar bone crest thickness. Periodontal probing has a limited prognostic value for these tissue dimensions.
Association of serum bilirubin levels with development and progression of albuminuria, and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Toya Kiwako , Babazono Tetsuya , Hanai Ko , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent observational studies suggest elevated levels of bilirubin, an endogenous anti‐oxidant, might protect against kidney disease. We carried out an observational cohort study to assess whether higher baseline levels of bilirubin, within normal range, could predict the rate of development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsJapanese type 2 diabetic patients with normo‐ or microalbuminuria and normal serum bilirubin (<1.2 mg/dL) were recruited from a single center, and categorized according to baseline serum bilirubin levels. Two independent end‐points were specified: development or progression of diabetic nephropathy, based on transition to a more advanced stage of albuminuria (albuminuria cohort), and the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR cohort).ResultsAlbuminuria and eGFR cohorts were constructed consisting of 1,915 patients and 1,898 patients, respectively, with 1,738 patients overlapping. Mean follow up was 4.4 and 5.4 years for the two cohorts, respectively. Within the albuminuria cohort, 132 (9%) of 1,418 patients with normoalbuminuria developed microalbuminuria, and 56 (11%) of 497 patients with microalbuminuria developed macroalbuminuria. Higher baseline bilirubin levels were associated with significantly lower risk of progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. In normoalbuminuric patients, an inverse association was found when restricted to a subgroup with elevated hemoglobin A1c levels. There was no relationship between bilirubin levels and the rate of change in eGFR.ConclusionsHigher serum bilirubin levels, within normal range, might be predictive of a lower risk of progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
The hooked element in the pes of turtles (Testudines): a global approach to exploring primary and secondary homology
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Werneburg Ingmar , Lyson Tyler R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe hooked element in the pes of turtles was historically identified by most palaeontologists and embryologists as a modified fifth metatarsal, and often used as evidence to unite turtles with other reptiles with a hooked element. Some recent embryological studies, however, revealed that this element might represent an enlarged fifth distal tarsal. We herein provide extensive new myological and developmental observations on the hooked element of turtles, and re‐evaluate its primary and secondary homology using all available lines of evidence. Digital count and timing of development are uninformative. However, extensive myological, embryological and topological data are consistent with the hypothesis that the hooked element of turtles represents a fusion of the fifth distal tarsal with the fifth metatarsal, but that the fifth distal tarsal dominates the hooked element in pleurodiran turtles, whereas the fifth metatarsal dominates the hooked element of cryptodiran turtles. The term ‘ansulate bone’ is proposed to refer to hooked elements that result from the fusion of these two bones. The available phylogenetic and fossil data are currently insufficient to clarify the secondary homology of hooked elements within Reptilia.
Protein kinase C isoforms at the neuromuscular junction: localization and specific roles in neurotransmission and development
Authors: Lanuza Maria A. , Santafe Manel M. , Garcia Neus , Besalduch Núria , Tomàs Marta , Obis Teresa , Priego Mercedes , Nelson Phillip G. , Tomàs Josep 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe protein kinase C family (PKC) regulates a variety of neural functions including neurotransmitter release. The selective activation of a wide range of PKC isoforms in different cells and domains is likely to contribute to the functional diversity of PKC phosphorylating activity. In this review, we describe the isoform localization, phosphorylation function, regulation and signalling of the PKC family at the neuromuscular junction. Data show the involvement of the PKC family in several important functions at the neuromuscular junction and in particular in the maturation of the synapse and the modulation of neurotransmission in the adult.
Selecting the most appropriate inferential statistical test for your quantitative research study
Authors: Bettany‐Saltikov Josette , Whittaker Victoria Jane 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo discuss the issues and processes relating to the selection of the most appropriate statistical test. A review of the basic research concepts together with a number of clinical scenarios is used to illustrate this.BackgroundQuantitative nursing research generally features the use of empirical data which necessitates the selection of both descriptive and statistical tests. Different types of research questions can be answered by different types of research designs, which in turn need to be matched to a specific statistical test(s).DesignDiscursive paper.MethodsThis paper discusses the issues relating to the selection of the most appropriate statistical test and makes some recommendations as to how these might be dealt with.ConclusionWhen conducting empirical quantitative studies, a number of key issues need to be considered. Considerations for selecting the most appropriate statistical tests are discussed and flow charts provided to facilitate this process.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen nursing clinicians and researchers conduct quantitative research studies, it is crucial that the most appropriate statistical test is selected to enable valid conclusions to be made.
Taxes and Corporate Policies: Evidence from a Quasi Natural Experiment
Authors: DOIDGE CRAIG , DYCK ALEXANDER 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe document important interactions between tax incentives and corporate policies using a “quasi natural experiment” provided by a surprise announcement that imposed corporate taxes on a group of Canadian publicly traded firms. The announcement caused a dramatic decrease in value. Prospective tax shields partially offset the losses, adding 4.6% to firm value on average, and vary with the tax status of the marginal investor. Further, firms adjust leverage, payout, cash holdings, and investment in response to changing tax incentives. Overall, the event study and time series evidence supports the view that taxes are important for corporate decision making.
Effect of mode of delivery on postpartum depression in Iranian women
Authors: Sadat Zohreh , Kafaei Atrian Mahboobeh , Masoudi Alavi Negin , Abbaszadeh Fatemeh , Karimian Zahra , Taherian Aliacbar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the relation between mode of delivery (cesarean section [CS] or unassisted vaginal delivery) and postpartum depression (PPD).Material and MethodsIn a prospective study, 300 women who had experienced vaginal delivery (VD) or CS were recruited in Kashan, Iran. PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A score of 13 or more was defined as PPD. Data collection was conducted at two assessment points: 2 months and 4 months postpartum. Mean scores of EPDS and PPD were compared between the VD and CS groups.ResultsDifferences in mean scores of EPDS between CS (n = 150) and VD (n = 150) groups at the first and the second assessments were not significant. The depression mean scores differences from the first to the second assessment were compared between the two groups; VD group showed more decrease on EPDS score (P = 0.006). Comparing the two assessments, the VD group showed a more decreased EPDS from the first to the second one. PPD prevalence rates (score ≥13) among the VD and CS groups were 24% and 20.7% for the first and 14.7% and 16.7% for the second assessment, respectively, which were not significantly different. The logistic regression showed that an unwanted pregnancy and PPD 2 months after delivery were determinants for PPD 4 months after delivery.ConclusionThere was no relation between delivery mode and PPD at 2 and 4 months after delivery; however, the VD group showed greater decrease in EPDS score from 2 to 4 months after delivery.
Counselling and self‐management therapies for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review
Authors: de Freitas R. F. C. P. , Ferreira M. Â. F. , Barbosa G. A. S. , Calderon P. S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe aim of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of counselling and other self‐management‐based therapies on muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain relief and increasing the functional abilities of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). A systematic literature review was conducted by three independent reviewers and included articles published up to 2012. PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases were used in addition to hand‐searching to assess clinical outcomes for counselling and self‐management approaches for TMD treatment. The review yielded 581 records that were narrowed down to 7. All included studies were classified as blind‐randomized controlled clinical trials. The selected articles analysed revealed that counselling was able to improve tenderness upon masticatory muscle palpation and maximum mouth opening with and without pain in patients with TMD, with similar results to those of interocclusal appliances approaches. Thus, counselling‐ and self‐management‐based therapies could be considered a conservative low‐cost and beneficial treatment alternative for treating TMD to potentially improve psychological domains and remove harmful behaviours for the control of the signs and symptoms of TMD.
An Interpersonal Approach to Religiousness and Spirituality: Implications for Health and Well‐Being
Authors: Jordan Kevin D. , Masters Kevin S. , Hooker Stephanie A. , Ruiz John M. , Smith Timothy W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interpersonal tradition (Horowitz & Strack, 2011) provides a rich conceptual and methodological framework for theory‐driven research on mechanisms linking religiousness and spirituality (R/S) with health and well‐being. In three studies, we illustrate this approach to R/S. In Studies 1 and 2, undergraduates completed various self‐report measures of R/S, interpersonal style, and other aspects of interpersonal functioning. In Study 3, a community sample completed a wide variety of R/S measures and a measure of interpersonal style. Many, but not all, aspects of religiousness (e.g., overall religiousness, intrinsic religiousness) were associated with a warm interpersonal style, and most aspects and measures of spirituality were associated with a warm and somewhat dominant style. Spirituality and related constructs (i.e., gratitude, compassion) were associated with interpersonal goals that emphasize positive relationships with others, and with beneficial interpersonal outcomes (i.e., higher social support, less loneliness, and less conflict). However, some aspects of R/S (e.g., extrinsic religiousness, belief in a punishing God) were associated with a hostile interpersonal style. R/S have interpersonal correlates that may enhance or undermine health and emotional adjustment. This interpersonal perspective could help clarify why some aspects of religiousness and spirituality are beneficial and others are not.
Demographic and practice characteristics of Medicaid‐participating dentists
Authors: Logan Henrietta L. , Guo Yi , Dodd Virginia J. , Seleski Christine E. , Catalanotto Frank 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe challenges entailed in dental Medicaid programs are well documented. To increase our understanding of Medicaid participation, we surveyed Florida dentists to determine the demographic and practice characteristics of Medicaid‐participating dentists.MethodsOur target population was practicing Florida dentists who treat children, including those who do not currently accept Medicaid as well as those who do. The final sample (n = 882) included (1) pediatric dentists and (2) general dentists who self‐reported that they treat children. Participants completed a survey concerning their Medicaid participation. Analyses included survey‐sample weighted chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsMore than two‐thirds of the sample dentists are not participating in Medicaid and will not consider doing so. Key findings are that Black dentists across the state and Hispanics in South Florida are more likely to participate in Medicaid than other groups of Florida dentists. Pediatric dentists are more likely to be Medicaid participants than general dentists, but nearly one‐fifth of the pediatric dentists might quit participation. Non–Medicaid providers are more likely to report not being busy enough in their practice than Medicaid providers.ConclusionsIf we are to address the shortage of Medicaid dental providers, increasing our understanding of how to capture the excess capacity among general dentists (the reported lack of busyness) in a way acceptable to dentists and to the State of Florida is an important first step. In addition, dental schools should consider implementing a track dedicated to training students for practice success within communities of highest dental need and to seek to increase the number of Black dental students.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α enhances RANKL expression in gingival epithelial cells via protein kinase A signaling
Authors: Fujihara R. , Usui M. , Yamamoto G. , Nishii K. , Tsukamoto Y. , Okamatsu Y. , Sato T. , Asou Y. , Nakashima K. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: October 2013

Objective and BackgroundPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of the supporting tissue of teeth, which is composed of gingival soft tissue, cementum covering the tooth root, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is known to be an essential factor for osteoclastogenesis. Recent clinical studies indicate that levels of RANKL in the gingival crevicular fluid are increased while levels of its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), are decreased in patients with periodontitis. Although the gingival sulcus is composed of gingival tissue, RANKL and OPG expression in gingival epithelial cells is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of RANKL and OPG in gingival tissue and which factors regulate RANKL expression in gingival epithelial cells.Material and MethodsReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm RANKL and OPG expression in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) and in gingival tissue. Immunostaining was also examined to confirm tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) expression in gingival tissue. Ca9‐22 cells, a human gingival epithelial cell line and human primary GECs were treated with TNF‐α. Ca9‐22 cells were treated by antibodies against TNF receptors, an inhibitor and an activator of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and inhibitors of p38, Erk and NF‐κB signaling to examine TNF‐α‐RANKL signaling pathways.ResultsRANKL mRNA and protein were expressed in GECs. Immunohistochemistry also showed RANKL expression in gingival tissue. On the other hand, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assay showed that GECs did not express OPG. In addition, TNF‐α and TNFR1 proteins were expressed in junctional epithelium. TNF‐α increased RANKL expression in GECs. TNF‐α‐induced RANKL expression was inhibited by an antibody against TNFR1 and an inhibitor of PKA signaling. Surprisingly, forskolin, a PKA activator, increased TNF‐α‐induced RANKL expression.ConclusionRANKL, TNF and TNFR1 were coexpressed in junctional epithelium of gingival tissue. TNF‐α induced RANKL expression via TNFR1 and PKA signaling in GECs of junctional epithelium.