bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of secondary doped polypyrrole/organic modified attapulgite conductive composites
Authors: Feng Huixia , Wang Bin , Wang Nuoxin , Qiu Jianhui , Tan Lin , Chen Nali 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSecondary doping method was introduced into fabricating polypyrrole/oganic modified attapulgite conductive composites. The preparation conditions, such as amount of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (CPC, modifying agent), organic modified attapulgite (OATP), and HCl (secondary dopant) have been optimized to get the composites with the highest conductivity. When mCPC/mATP, mOATP/mPy, and nHCl/nSA (SA is sulfamic acid) reaches 0.03, 0.6, and 0.5, respectively, the PPy/OATP composites possess the highest conductivity of 87.59 S cm−1 as well as the highest thermal degradation temperature of 249.29°C. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐Visible diffuse reflectance study, and X‐ray photoelectron Spectroscopy results showed that PPy chains form the core‐shell structure and may combine with OATP via π–π stacking interaction. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of PPy/OATP‐SH composites was enhanced and these could be attributed to the retardation effect of OATP as barriers for the degradation of PPy. This method may open a new door for PPy‐based composites with special structures, higher performance, and thus broader application ranges. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41407.
Effects of drug and polymer molecular weight on drug release from PLGA‐mPEG microspheres
Authors: Feng Shuibin , Nie Lei , Zou Peng , Suo Jinping 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of drug and polymer molecular weight on release kinetics from poly (g‐co‐glycolic acid)‐methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) (PLGA‐mPEG) microspheres. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 66 kDa), lysozyme (LZ, 13.4 kDa), and vancomycin (VM, 1.45 kDa) were employed as the model drugs, and encapsulated in PLGA‐mPEG microspheres of different molecular weight. Release of macromolecular BSA was mainly dependent on diffusion of drug at/ near the surface of the matrix initially and dependent on degradation of matrix at later stages, while, the small drug of vancomycin seemed to depend totally on diffusion for the duration of the release study. The release behavior of lysozyme was similar to bovine serum albumin, except a shorter lag period. PLGA‐mPEG molecular weight also affected the release behavior of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, but not obviously. PLGA‐mPEG microspheres in smaller molecular weight seemed to degrade more quickly to obtain a mass lose and matrix erosion, and thus, an accelerated release rate of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme. Vancomycin released much faster than bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, and exhibited no lag period, as it is thought to be diffusion‐controlled. Besides, vancomycin showed no difference in release behavior as PLGA‐mPEG molecular weight change. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41431.
On the Controllability of Nonlocal Second‐Order Impulsive Neutral Stochastic Integro‐Differential Equations with Infinite Delay
Authors: Huan Diem Dang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the controllability for a class of nonlocal second‐order impulsive neutral stochastic integro‐differential equations with infinite delay in Hilbert spaces. More precisely, a set of sufficient conditions for the controllability results of nonlocal second‐order impulsive neutral stochastic integro‐differential equations with infinite delay are derived by means of the Banach fixed point theorem combined with theories of a strongly continuous cosine family of bounded linear operators. As an application, an example is provided to illustrate the obtained theory.
Genetic studies of ANKRD6 as a molecular switch between Wnt signaling pathways in human neural tube defects
Authors: Allache Redouane , Wang Mingqin , De Marco Patrizia , Merello Elisa , Capra Valeria , Kibar Zoha 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundPlanar cell polarity (PCP) is a major branch of Wnt signaling that controls the process of convergent extension in gastrulation and neurulation. PCP defects were associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) that are the most common central nervous system anomalies. PCP signaling is highly dosage sensitive and exhibits an antagonistic relationship with the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Diversin, encoded by Ankrd6, is an ankyrin repeat protein that activates the non canonical PCP signaling and simultaneously inhibits the canonical pathway.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed this dual role of ANKRD6 in NTDs. We sequenced its coding region in 473 NTD patients and 150 controls, and we validated the effect of the identified variants on Wnt signaling using reporter assays in mammalian cells.RESULTSWe identified four rare missense mutations in 0.8% of the NTD patients and two rare missense mutations in 1.3% of the controls. Notably, when all six mutations were validated, only two mutations identified in NTD patients, p.Pro548Leu, p.Arg632His, significantly altered DIVERSIN activity in Wnt signaling assays in a hypomorphic manner.ConclusionRare missense mutations in ANKRD6 could affect a balanced reciprocal antagonism between both Wnt pathways in neurulation and act as predisposing factors to NTDs in a subset of patients. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:20–26, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barriers to care for children with orofacial clefts in North Carolina
Authors: Cassell Cynthia H. , Strassle Paula , Mendez Dara D. , Lee Kyung A. , Krohmer Anne , Meyer Robert E. , Strauss Ronald P. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundLittle is known about the barriers faced by families of children with birth defects in obtaining healthcare. We examined reported perceived barriers to care and satisfaction with care among mothers of children with orofacial clefts.MethodsIn 2006, a validated barriers to care mail/phone survey was administered in North Carolina to all resident mothers of children with orofacial clefts born between 2001 and 2004. Potential participants were identified using the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, an active, state‐wide, population‐based birth defects registry. Five barriers to care subscales were examined: pragmatics, skills, marginalization, expectations, and knowledge/beliefs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Results were stratified by cleft type and presence of other birth defects.ResultsOf 475 eligible participants, 51.6% (n = 245) responded. The six most commonly reported perceived barriers to care were all part of the pragmatics subscale: having to take time off work (45.3%); long waits in the waiting rooms (37.6%); taking care of household responsibilities (29.7%); meeting other family members' needs (29.5%); waiting too many days for appointments (27.0%); and cost (25.0%). Most respondents (72.3%, 175/242) felt “very satisfied” with their child's cleft care.ConclusionAlthough most participants reported being satisfied with their child's care, many perceived barriers to care were identified. Due to the limited understanding and paucity of research on barriers to care for children with birth defects, including orofacial clefts, additional research on barriers to care and factors associated with them are needed. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:837–847, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Photopolymerization of Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives on Ag(110) at the Sub‐Monolayer Level
Authors: Basagni Andrea , Colazzo Luciano , Sedona Francesco , DiMarino Marco , Carofiglio Tommaso , Lubian Elisa , Forrer Daniel , Vittadini Andrea , Casarin Maurizio , Verdini Alberto , Cossaro Albano , Floreano Luca , Sambi Mauro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe explore a photochemical approach to achieve an ordered polymeric structure at the sub‐monolayer level on a metal substrate. In particular, a tetraphenylporphyrin derivative carrying para‐amino‐phenyl functional groups is used to obtain extended and highly ordered molecular wires on Ag(110). Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that porphyrin building blocks are joined through azo bridges, mainly as cis isomers. The observed highly stereoselective growth is the result of adsorbate/surface interactions, as indicated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At variance with previous studies, we tailor the formation of long‐range ordered structures by the separate control of the surface molecular diffusion through sample heating, and of the reaction initiation through light absorption. This previously unreported approach shows that the photo‐induced covalent stabilization of self‐assembled molecular monolayers to obtain highly ordered surface covalent organic frameworks is viable by a careful choice of the precursors and reaction conditions.
Upconverting Nanoparticles with a Mesoporous TiO2 Shell for Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Drug Delivery and Synergistic Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yin Meili , Ju Enguo , Chen Zhaowei , Li Zhenhua , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMalignant tumors remain a major health burden throughout the world and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Herein, we report the synthesis of upconverting nanoparticles with a mesoporous TiO2 (mTiO2) shell for near‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered drug delivery and synergistic targeted cancer therapy. The NaGdF4:Yb,Tm could convert NIR light to UV light, which activated the mTiO2 to produce reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Due to the large surface area and porous structure, the mTiO2 shell endowed the nanoplatform with another functionality of anticancer drug loading for chemotherapy. The hyaluronic acid modified on the surface not only promised controlled drug release but also conferred targeted ability of the system toward cluster determinant 44 overexpressed cancer cells. More importantly, cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that combined therapy mediated the highest rate of death of breast carcinoma cells compared with that of single chemotherapy or PDT.
Catalytic Membrane Reactors – Lab Curiosity or Key Enabling Technology?
Authors: Caro Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo industrially interesting partial oxidations have been performed in catalytic membrane reactors with oxygen‐transporting membrane: aromatization of natural gas and oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide. In both reactions, the oxygen used has been separated from air through a perovskite membrane, which also is the catalyst for the ammonia oxidation. When conducting the methane aromatization in an oxygen‐transporting membrane reactor, coke deposition is reduced and the aromatics yield is higher than that of a reference non‐oxidative fixed‐bed reactor.
The Role of the Legendre Transform in the Study of the Floer Complex of Cotangent Bundles
Authors: Abbondandolo Alberto , Schwarz Matthias 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConsider a classical Hamiltonian H on the cotangent bundle T*M of a closed orientable manifold M, and let L:TM → R be its Legendre‐dual Lagrangian. In a previous paper we constructed an isomorphism Φ from the Morse complex of the Lagrangian action functional that is associated to L to the Floer complex that is determined by H. In this paper we give an explicit construction of a homotopy inverse Ψ of Φ. Contrary to other previously defined maps going in the same direction, Ψ is an isomorphism at the chain level and preserves the action filtration. Its definition is based on counting Floer trajectories on the negative half‐cylinder that on the boundary satisfy half of the Hamilton equations. Albeit not of Lagrangian type, such a boundary condition defines Fredholm operators with good compactness properties. We also present a heuristic argument which, independently of any Fredholm and compactness analysis, explains why the spaces of maps that are used in the definition of Φ and Ψ are the natural ones. The Legendre transform plays a crucial role both in our rigorous and in our heuristic arguments. We treat with some detail the delicate issue of orientations and show that the homology of the Floer complex is isomorphic to the singular homology of the loop space of M with a system of local coefficients, which is defined by the pullback of the second Stiefel‐Whitney class of TM on 2‐tori in M.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent‐Dependent Oxime–Azide and Oxime–Nitrile Coupling: Crystallographic and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Dolai Malay , Mistri Tarun , Biswas Surajit , Rogez Guillaume , Ali Mahammad 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study describes the solvent‐dependent conversion of an oxime under identical reaction conditions ([Cu(bipy)Cl2]/NaN3/5‐Br‐H2salox/TEA=1:2:1:2 molar ratio; bipy=2,2′‐bipyridyl, 5‐Br‐H2salox=5‐bromosalicylaldoxime, TEA=triethylamine), but in different solvents. In DMSO/CH2Cl2 (2:1 v/v) only tetrazole is formed, whereas iminoacylation in MeCN and simple complexation takes place in MeOH. The formed tetrazole and iminoacylated ligands further undergo complexation with metal ions, as evidenced from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and ESI‐MS analyses. Mechanistic models have been proposed in which coordination‐assisted bonding of sodium azide across the CNOH double bond occurs to form a tetrazole and oxime–MeCN coupling forms an iminoacylated ligand. The former is a catalytic reaction, as evidenced from a turnover number of approximately 50, whereas the latter is stoichiometric in nature. This is the first report to demonstrate the dependence of solvent polarity on oxime transformation reactions through structural elucidation.
The association between 5‐HTTLPR gene polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in Chinese toddlers
Authors: Chen Xinyin , Zhang Guangzhen , Liang Zongbao , Zhang Minghao , Way Niobe , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Ke Xiaoyan , Lu Zuhong , Deng Huihua 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAs one of the fundamental individual characteristics, behavioral inhibition in early childhood has considerable implications for the development of social, cognitive, and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in Chinese children using a cross‐sectional design. A sample of 263 2‐year‐old children (134 boys and 129 girls of Han ethnicity; ages ranging from 24 to 26 months) in China participated in the study. Behavioral inhibition was assessed through laboratory observations, and genomic DNA was collected with buccal swabs. The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the homozygous short 5‐HTTLPR allele was associated with lower levels of behavioral inhibition, which was different from most of the findings based on individuals in Western countries. The results suggest that social and cultural factors may be involved in shaping links between the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism and children's specific behaviors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1601–1608, 2014.
A Method of Readability Assessment for Web Documents Using Text Features and HTML Structures
Authors: Yamasaki Takahiro , Tokiwa Kin‐Ichiroh 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThis paper describes a method of readability assessment for Web documents. Readability is the ease in which text can be read and understood. We hypothesize that the readability is determined by whether a reader can easily grasp text structures. The impression and complexity of text are significant factors. We extract features of impression and complexity from plain text and additional data, such as HTML tags. In order to compare the effect of extracting features, we assess readability rank by machine learning. We conduct fivefold cross validation for each domain and calculate the root mean squared error between the actual rank and the estimated rank. Cross validation experiments confirm that the performance of our method is high, showing the effectiveness of extracting features about the impression and complexity for readability assessment.
Detection of Deception Using the Steady‐State Visual Evoked Field
Authors: Katayama Shota , Itabashi Yusuke , Tanaka Keita , Uchikawa Yoshinori 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThis study investigated the idea that the detection of deception is related to the amplitudes of the steady‐state visual evoked field (SSVEF) in magnetoencephalography (MEG). We used four illustrated symbol cards (triangle, square, circle, and diamond). Each subject then selected one card for use as the critical condition and the other three cards were used under the noncritical conditions. The visual stimuli of the symbols were presented at 20 Hz. The SSVEF obtained by MEG was measured with a 122‐channel magnetometer system. We obtained the source waveform of the SSVEF and applied the Hilbert transform. The amplitude of the SSVEF in the critical condition was greater than that in the the noncritical condition at durations of 0.5 s to 1.0 s after the stimulus (). This result indicates that the SSVEF in MEG is related to certain psychical activities in humans.
Analysis of Gases Desorbed from Oxygen‐Free Copper by Irradiation with Single‐Pulsed Electron Beam
Authors: Kaneko Hiroki , Yamano Yasushi , Kobayashi Shinichi , Saito Yoshio 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYDesorbed gases from an anode stimulated by electron irradiation are regarded as one of the causes of vacuum breakdown. To understand vacuum breakdown phenomena, it is important to analyze the composition and quantity of electron‐stimulated desorption gases. The single‐pulse electron beam irradiation method was developed for detailed analysis of desorbed gas characteristics. It is possible for this method to reduce the modification of surface conditions due to electron beam irradiation, and it makes it possible to measure the transitions of the gas desorption rate from the virgin surface state to a certain period. Using this method, we investigated the desorbed gases from an oxygen‐free copper electrode. It was found that electron irradiation caused H2 gas desorption from the copper electrode and produced conditioning of the gas desorption. A large amount of H2 gas was desorbed in the initial electron beam irradiation. By analysis of the gas desorbed by irradiation with a single‐pulse electron beam, it is possible to observe the change of the gas desorption rate from the virgin surface to a certain number of electron‐irradiated surface states. Detailed analysis of the gases desorbed from a sample can be used to evaluate the electrode material in a vacuum.
CH3N=SF2=NCH3: Structural, Conformational, and Configurational Properties in the Gaseous and in the Condensed Phases
Authors: Robles Norma L. , Parsons Simon , Mews Rüdiger , Oberhammer Heinz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCH3–N=SF2=N–CH3 (1) was obtained in 88 % yield from the reaction of a bis(silylated) amine RN(Si–Me3)2 with a sulfur tetrafluoride imide R′N=SF4 (R = R′ = CH3). Single crystals suitable for X‐ray crystallography were obtained by low‐temperature crystallization; the data were collected at 120 K. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 5.8356(7) Å, b = 12.1665(14) Å, c = 8.1488(8) Å, β = 110.381(7)°, Z = 4, in the anti–anti form (whereby anti or syn describe the orientation of the N–CH3 bonds with respect to opposite S=N bonds). The structural, conformational, and configurational properties of CH3–N=SF2=N–CH3 were studied by vibrational spectroscopy [IR (gas) and Raman (liquid)] and quantum chemical calculations [B3LYP and MP2 with 6‐311+G(2df,p) and cc‐pVTZ basis sets]. Vibrational spectroscopy in the gas and liquid phases shows evidence of a configurational equilibrium of the anti–anti form and a slightly less favored anti–syn form of CH3–N=SF2=N–CH3.
Lipidomics is going great guns: Interview with Kai Simons about the power of shotgun lipidomics
Authors: Kalvodova Lucie , Simons Kai 
Published: September 2014

There are thousands of lipid species in living cells but we do not fully understand this diversity as it is not possible to pin down a specific function to each lipid species. Lipids have structural, metabolic and signaling functions. While signaling lipids can be understood and functionally characterized in a way similar to proteins, membrane lipids act collectively. This may have been one of the reasons for lipid neglect in the past. In order to understand the complexity of lipids in membranes, lipoproteins, body fluids, and organisms in general, we need to know the big picture which can only be delivered by modern lipidomic analyses. This has been increasingly appreciated mainly in the biomedical area. It is likely that interpretation of blood cell lipidomes will lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and lipid signatures of pathological states and cardiovascular disease risk, and so the era of HDL/LDL, TAG and cholesterol quantification may soon be over. But that is just one example. The motto of this year's Euro Fed Lipid Congress reads “From lipidomics to industrial innovation”. Indeed with the advancement of mass‐spectrometry and computational approaches to analyze and understand big data, lipidomics is becoming more interesting for clinical applications and industry.The shotgun methodology is so robust, comprehensive, fast and quantitative that it can be taken to the clinic, food R&D and into other applications.
Regioselectivity and High Electrophilicity in the σ Complexation of Aromatic Triflones
Authors: El Guesmi Nizar , Boubaker Taoufik , Goumont Régis , Terrier François 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe kinetics of σ complexation of unsymmetrical 2‐nitro‐4,6‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)anisole (1e) has been investigated over a large pH range of 2.7–15.68 in methanol. Two competitive σ complexation processes have been identified that lead, respectively, to the formation of the 1,3‐ and 1,1‐adducts 2e and 3e of 1e. No evidence for nucleophilic addition at the unsubstituted 5‐position para to the nitro group of 1e to afford the 1,5‐dimethoxy adduct 4e could be obtained. The observed regioselectivity supports the view derived from previous investigations that a SO2CF3 group exerts a much stronger electron‐withdrawing effect than a NO2 group, both in the ortho and para positions of a reactive centre in an aromatic ring. In accord with this conclusion, the 1,1‐dimethoxy adduct 3e is found to be 102‐fold less stable than the tris‐SO2CF3 analogue 3a but ten times more stable than the 1,1‐dimethoxy adduct 3b of 4‐nitro‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)anisole (1b). However, a most significant result is the finding that the solvent contribution to the formation of 3e is not negligible in the pH range of 9–10. With a pKaMeOH value of 9.42, the electrophilic reactivity of the parent triflone 1e is clearly located in the region of extremely high electrophilicity defined for σ complexation and SNAr substitutions in methanol (pKaMeOH ≤ 9–10). This work adds to the recognition that the activating effect of a SO2CF3 group is in general much greater than that of a NO2 group when bonded to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. A return to the origin of the exceptional electron‐transmission capability of the SO2CF3 group is helpful to predict reactivity.
A Scalable Synthesis of the Antidepressant Agomelatine by a Tandem Allylic Chlorination–Isomerization Process
Authors: Stathakis Christos I. , Neokosmidis Efstratios , Koftis Theocharis V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA concise, scalable, and industrially applicable process for the synthesis of the antidepressant agomelatine is described. The process relies on a tandem allylic chlorination–isomerization sequence, on a tetralone‐derived allyl carbinol, as the key transformation. The target compound is obtained in five steps from commercially available 7‐methoxy‐1‐tetralone, in 52.3 % overall yield after final recrystallization.