bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Windmill Hill, Avebury, and Grime's Graves Cores and Choppers
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

Cores and chopping tools are very numerous at Windmill Hill, Avebury Down, Grime's Graves, and Cissbury. They are characteristic of the industry. In the main they differ markedly from the cores of the prism industries. True prisms are rare in the one and numerous in the other; the one shows comparatively broad, the other comparatively narrow facets and flakes; the flakes of the latter being on the whole thinner and finer. It is noteworthy that when the flints of both industries have lain near the surface, those of the one in Herts., Wilts., Sussex, Norfolk, and Suffolk are almost invariably white or light blue; whilst those of the other range from light blue, through dark blue, to unchanged black or grey; with a partial exception, easy of explanation, on the coast of Cornwall.The “lumps” may be divided into a number of species. Some were cores only, others were tools for chopping, cutting, scraping, pecking, boring, or clearing out split marrow bones; some were cores first and tools afterwards.
Implements from Cromer Forest Bed and the Admiralty Section
Authors: Abbott W. J. Lewis 
Published: October 2013

Our esteemed President having been so kind as to ask me to exhibit a series of flints from the Cromer Forest Bed and the Admiralty Section, perhaps the following remarks may be permitted.The Cromer Forest series exhibit the characteristic surface and somatic alterations which become of great value in identifying these tertiary things when found in derived positions. The peculiar brown, comparable to café au lait, with varying quantities of the milk into which a small, varying quantity of permanganate of potash has been dropped, is well seen in many, as in No. 1. Not that the amethystine blush, which is seen associated with so many hues, even in the lyditised black ones, was due to this salt, but rather to Mn O2. Opalisation is very frequently present, even after other metamorphic processes have been in operation, giving rise to the curdy appearance also seen in No. 1, which, in this case, has supervened limonetic jasperisation.
A Romano-British Site at Santon
Authors: Clarke W. G. 
Published: October 2013

At the eastern foot of Bromehill, where the prehistoric trackway known as the “Drove” (antea Vol. I., pp. 427–434) passes from Weeting to Santon, it approaches within yards of the river Little Ouse, and cuts at right angles through a series of six earthen banks, which come from the southern end of the Grime's Graves plantation, and originally ran to the edge of the marshland, until their ends were removed in making the railway. From west to east the distances between these banks are 7, 3, 3, 9, and 82 yards, and they are now about 2 feet in height and 6 feet in width, though much broken by rabbits. The penultimate bank towards the east is the boundary between the parishes of Weeting and Santon.East of these banks and south of the “Drove” is “Santon Breck,” part of which was ploughed in 1907, but most of which is primitive heath. Here, in September, 1908, I found many Roman potsherds, including Castor and Upchurch ware. (See Norf. Antiq. Miscellany, 2nd Series, Pt. 3, p. 98). Similar pottery fragments are found on the surface over an extensive area.
Some Flat-Based Celts from Kent and Dorset
Authors: Dewey Henry 
Published: October 2013

The following paper describes a number of celts that were found lying on the surface in several parts of North Kent and in Dorset.They seldom occurred alone, but among numerous implements of other forms, in situations that suggest occupation sites of early peoples. During parts of several successive years the author examined the surface features of the Chalk Downs, and the contiguous belt of country to the north, formed by the Tertiary Beds, that lies between the valley of the Mole and that of the Medway. This work formed part of the official survey of the area, but during the examination the occurrence of any flint-implements was carefully recorded and the precise location given. It soon became obvious that the distribution of the implements was by no means general over the surface, but definitely restricted to certain sites where they were abundant, with wide intervening tracts almost destitute of them. This fact was so remarkable that the question arose, naturally, if the sites had been chosen deliberately by early man, and, if so, what reasons had led to this selection.
A Flint Factory at Thatcham, Berks: I. Report of Site and Excavations
Authors: Peake Harold 
Published: October 2013

In the autumn of 1920 some of the workmen on the Sewage Farm of the Newbury Corporation were engaged in levelling a low mound and depositing the soil in a hollow close by. During these operations hey came upon a few small pointed-butted celts and a number of lakes, most of which they threw away; one celt and a few flakes were taken the following April to the Newbury Museum. The site was inspected without delay, and resulted in the discovery of imilar flakes in a thick deposit of black soil immediately underlying he surface soil; the problem was, however, further complicated by the discovery of Romano-British potsherds in the same deposit.Mr. Crawford and I resolved, therefore, to undertake a systematic exploration of the site, as soon as the crops were off the ground. In the meantime, while cultivating the land during the summer, the workmen recovered most if not all of the implements which they had discarded the previous autumn.
Further Discoveries of Engraved Flint-Crust and Associated Implements at Grimes' Graves
Authors: Armstrong A. Leslie 
Published: October 2013

Not only is Grimes' Graves an essentially East Anglian site, but it is also one of the most interesting, and most perplexing, prehistoric sites of Britain, presenting many controversial problems which only persistent research and careful observation will solve.Recent work upon the site has marked a distinct advance in this direction, notably by the fortunate discovery in 1920 of Floor 85 with its definite stratification, and evidences of successive occupation during at least five widely separated intervals of time. With Dr. R. V. Favell as a co-worker, excavations were resumed upon this floor in August, 1921, and continued for six days. An additional 40 square yards was carefully and systematically explored down to the level of the boulder clay, resulting in the recovery of a further series of important flint implements and examples of engraving. Owing to the favourable nature of the site with its stratified chipping and occupation levels, each sealed and separated by sterile layers of humus, and closely compacted chalk debris, it has thrown important light upon some of the problems of the Grimes' Graves industry, and should enable not only certain definite conclusions to be arrived at, but materially assist in the ultimate classification of the various cultural forms of the implements from the Graves generally.
A Series of Solutré Blades from Suffolk and Cambridgeshire
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

In a recent number of The Antiquaries Journal (Vol. II., No. 2, pp. 114-117), I described four flint blades of Solutré type found in various parts of East Suffolk, and it is now my purpose to figure and to give an account of seven similar, but more remarkable implements found, with one exception, in the same county. The specimens, to which this note refers, are in the possession of Mr. W. Wells, of South Benfleet, who suggested that I should describe them, and has kindly sent the implements to me for examination.For the details of the provenance of these blades Mr. Wells is responsible, but I am confident that he has taken all reasonable care in getting together the information which he has forwarded to me for publication. There can be no doubt but that the specimens now to be described constitute one of the finest series of flint blades yet found in this country, and it is gratifying that such specimens have been drawn by Mr. E. T. Lingwood.
Palæolithic Types of Implements in Relation to the Pleistocene Deposits of Uganda
Authors: Wayland E. J. 
Published: October 2013

The history of early man in Uganda is bound up with that of the inland sea now familiar to Europeans as Lake Victoria or the Victoria Nyanza. The area of this great lake is given as 26,828 square miles (Handbook of Uganda, Ed. II., 1920, p. 26), or about the size of Scotland, but its maximum depth is probably some-what less than the height above ground of the cross of St. Paul's Cathedral. Lake Victoria, then, is just a gigantic puddle.The history of the Lake is a long one. Beginning as a natural sump, as it probably did in Miocene times, it reached its maximum, in all probability, in the Pliocene, when its area was doubtless quite double that ot its present surface, while its depth was at least four times as great as that now registered.
Flint Axe and “Chisel” Found at Newmarket Heath
Authors: Fox Cyril 
Published: October 2013

This axe and chisel of flint were found together on the Round Course, Newmarket Heath, by a workman “bushgating” on the Course. They are in the possession of Dr. Chas. Lucas, of Burwell, Cambs.Mr. R. A. Smith (Hoards of Neolithic Celts, Archæologia 71, p. 113) pleads for the publication of authentic associated finds of surface stone implements in order to provide material for determining the chronological sequence of types. The axe (l. 4.3-in.) and chisel (l. 4.7-in) figured, merit record in this connection. Both are of chipped flint, with the cutting edges ground, and with a slight amount of grinding elsewhere, done to remove excrescences. The technique seems to be exactly the same in each case. The patination is similar; the chisel milky white, with darker patches, the axe creamy white.
Neolithic Pottery and other Remains from Pangbourne, Berks., and Caversham, Oxon
Authors: Piggott Stuart 
Published: October 2013

In the present state of our knowledge of the Neolithic period in England, and especially as regards its pottery, any light that can be thrown upon it is welcome, and it is on that account that I have brought before the Society a report on two discoveries of Neolithic remains: at Pangbourne, Berks., and Caversham, Oxon.It is greatly to be regretted that owing to the circumstances of the discovery accurate observations could not be made. In May, 1928, workmen were engaged in levelling ground to make a tennis court, at “Farmhili,” Courtlands Hill, Pangbourne, and in doing so came upon, and, as is unhappily so often the case, disturbed and partly smashed a human skeleton, other animal bones, of which a few only survive, and a large bowl of coarse pottery, definitely of Neolithic type. It would seem that when found the bowl was imore or less complete, but Mr. G. W. Smith, of Reading, who visited the spot the day after the discovery, was only able to find about two-thirds of the vessel, in fragments, on the rubbish heaps of excavated material. These fragments, together with the other remains, were presented by the owner of the land, Lt.-Com. W. S. Macilwaine, R.N., to the Reading Museum, where the writer had the opportunity of examining them.
The Flint Implements of the Type Station of La Madeleine
Authors: Barnes Alfred S. 
Published: October 2013

The word ‘flint’ is applied as a designation of the tools in contradistinction to the tools and weapons of bone and ivory, and as an equivalent of the French ‘Silex.’ The materials from which the tools at La Madeleine are made are, in fact, chert, jasper, chalcedony, and, to a lesser extent, quartz.The rock shelter of La Madeleine is situated at the base of lofty limestone cliffs, and the bone and ivory implements there have been well preserved.The classification followed in the present paper will be that of Capitan and Peyrony, in which the Magdalenian culture is divided into three sections, designated Lower, Middle and Upper respectively.There is little difference apparent to the eye in the flint tools of those three sections, and in consequence they have been classed in accordance with the character of the bone and ivory implements found in the same beds with them at La Madeleine.The present paper is divided into three sections as follows:—I. Observations on certain forms of Magdalenian tools.II. Typical tools of the Lower, Middle and Upper Industries at La Madeleine.III. The frequency distribution and dimensions of the flint tools of the industries at La Madeleine as a basis for comparison with Magdalenian industries elsewhere.
The Early Bronze Age Flint Dagger in England and Wales
Authors: Grimes W. F. 
Published: October 2013

The chronology of the flint dagger which is the subject of the present paper has been discussed by R. A. Smith, who established the date of the type in the first phase of the Bronze Age, the period to which it had already been assigned by Montelius. A summary ot the list made by Mr. Smith is given in Appendix II below (p. 354-5); the few examples recorded with datable associations since 1919 bring the total up to 26.Sir John Evans's description, adopted by Mr. Smith, gives the length and breadth of the type as varying generally between 5 and 7 ins. and 1½ to 2½ ins. respectively, although both larger and smaller examples occur. The blades are thin in proportion to their length, and lanceolate in outline, although in this respect there is a certain amount of variation. Both faces are flaked, and the working is generally of a very high character. In some cases major excrescences have been reduced by grinding.Some typological development may be observed in the forms, although this cannot be compared with the elaborate evolution of the well-known Scandinavian series (below, p. 350). The changes take place in the butt. The earliest form typoiogically speaking, would seem to be a simple leaf-shaped blade, the widest part of which is approximately at the middle. There is no distinction between blade and tang or handle, and the latter is generally rounded off. Such daggers as the Green Low, Alsop Moor (Appendix I, no. 27, and fig. 1), and Acklam Wold (126) examples represent this form. It is not always easy to decide, however, whether other blades approximating to this shape represent a so-called prototype, and care has also to be taken to differentiate surface-found laurel-leaf blades of Solutrean age, although these are more usually pointed at both ends.
Neolithic Pottery from Larne
Authors: Piggott Stuart , Childe V. G. 
Published: October 2013

In the Antrim Collection at the Ashmolean Museum is a group of sherds said to be from a chambered cairn near Lame, co. Antrim. There are no exact details of the find available, but a label pasted inside one sherd states that it was found in a tumulus in 1869. Mr. E. Thurlow Leeds first drew attention to this pottery in 1927 and indicated its importance, but it has not hitherto been fully studied.The group is unambiguously linked by certain sherds with a small series of Scottish Neolithic wares, represented by the well-known bowls from the Clachaig and Beacharra segmented cairns, but other fragments show remarkable features which serve to isolate it as a group sui generis.The importance of the group lies in the mixture of styles represented. The actual forms of the pottery suggest kinship with the great Windmill Hill family of the British Neolithic wares, and certain sherds (Nos. 4, 5, 11, 12, and 16) exhibit features of decoration (transverse strokes on the rim, shallow grooves, etc.) characteristic of this class alone. On the other hand, the motifs of cord impressions, both plain and whipped, hatched triangles and herringbone on the other sherds are completely unknown in the pure Windmill Hill ceramics and occur in the British Neolithic only in the pottery of the Peterborough culture. The arrangement of the ornament in panels on Nos. 1 and 3 is, however, a distinctive Windmill Hill style.
The Curved Flint Sickle Blades of Britain
Authors: Clark Grahame 
Published: October 2013

The type of flint implement which we are investigating here was first distinguished by the late Sir John Evans in his Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain as long ago as 1872. Out of a total of 52 specimens noted in this paper, 12 were mentioned by Evans in his 2nd edition, 12 have been published elsewhere, and 28 are here recorded for the first time. Outlines of 50 and a photograph of another are given in Figs. 1-3,7 and 8.They consist of long narrow blades carefully flaked over both faces, which are of roughly equal convexity, to produce two cutting edges. In plan the tip and the butt are usually defined by the more tapering character of the former, while the general outline is asymmetric. The type as thus defined is quite distinct from any other, though it differs only by its asymmetry from certain leaf-shaped blades flaked over both faces. There is, however, a further characteristic, namely a varying extent and degree of concavity of one cutting edge, which further defines our type and marks it off still more from other flint forms. We mention in this paper two examples showing asymmetry of form (Nos. 28 and 29), but lacking any degree of concavity in either cutting-edge, as they may be related to the true sickle form.
Some Littoral Sites of Early Post-Glacial Times Located in North Ireland
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. 
Published: October 2013

In 1931 I described two newly-discovered stone age industries of post-glacial age situated in north-east Ireland which had been made by myself and worked in conjunction with my friend C. Blake Whelan: the one from the Lower Estuarine Clay on Islandmagee, and the other from what is probably a fluviatile gravel intercalated between the Upper and Lower Estuarine Clays in the raised-beach formation at Cushendun.The former of these cultures has its counterpart in the blade industry beneath alluvium in the Orwell Estuary at Ipswich, Suffolk; whilst the latter finds its parallel in the raised-beach at Campbeltown in Argyllshire, Scotland. Adopting the familiar culture-sequence of Central Europe I had previously designated these two groups as phases of the Magdalenian period, but, in order to avoid confusion between the time-periods and the nomenclature of continental cultures, I have decided to base my chronology of the north Irish industries upon the natural changes of climate revealed by a study of the deposits in which they were found. The industries to be described below were contemporary with the Mesolithic Forest Cultures distinguished by Childe and Clark over the plain of northern Europe.
Effects of nest success and mate fidelity on breeding dispersal in a population of Snowy PloversCharadrius nivosus
Authors: PEARSON WENDY J. , COLWELL MARK A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBreeding dispersal subsequent to nest failure is hypothesised to be a behavioural response to danger posed by nest predators. We used histories and locations of male and female Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusnests in northern California over a 10-year period to examine effects of nest fate, mate fidelity, residency, predator exclosures, and age on dispersal distance. Within years, females moved a median distance of 2.2 km after changing mates; males moved a median of 0.9 km. Between years, plovers moved the shortest distances when they retained a mate from the prior year and were successful in hatching eggs (males = 0.2 km, females = 0.3 km). Both females (13.0 km) and males (2.6 km) dispersed farther when mate change coincided with nest failure in the prior year. The observation that most plovers did not disperse far enough to move away from sites where predators are abundant and have strong effects on plover reproductive success suggests that effective predator management will be challenging.
Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA), and aberrant right subclavian artery in a 2-month infant with heart failure
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Vahidshahi Koorosh , Tehrani Ramin Baghai , Ali-Akbar Hamidreza Poor , Godarzi Mohammad Rad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a very rare congenital heart anomaly. Most of the cases are asymptomatic during infancy and childhood. We report ARCAPA associated with aberrant right subclavian artery in a 2-month male infant presenting with heart failure. We used computed tomography angiography for confirming the diagnosis and also for post-operative follow-up.
Gastrointestinal involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: histological features and outcome
Authors: Latus Joerg , Koetter Ina , Fritz Peter , Kimmel Martin , Biegger Dagmar , Ott German , Stange Eduard F. , Amann Kerstin , Alscher Dominik M. , Braun Niko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimGastrointestinal (GI) involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is rare.MethodMedical charts of seven patients with GPA and MPA and GI involvement were reviewed regarding clinical presentation, outcome, diagnostic tools and therapy. Second, the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the vascular lesions in histological samples (ileum, colon, rectum, duodenum) were investigated to identify possible treatment targets. Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies against CD20, CD3 and CD34. Samples from a healthy control group (n = 15) were used for comparison.ResultsMean age at onset of the first symptoms of vasculitis was 48 ± 21.3 years. At time of diagnosis GI symptoms were present in five out of seven patients (71%) and occurred during relapse of the vasculitis in two patients (29%). All patients had abdominal pain, four of seven (57%) had an acute kidney injury and three patients required renal replacement therapy. At the time of diagnosis five of seven patients (71%) required surgery and mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) on admission was high (26.3 ± 7.7). Regarding outcome, one patient died due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Histological analysis showed significantly higher expression of CD3 in this patient compared to the control group (P = 0.02). Analysis of expression of CD20 and CD34 showed no statistically significant differences between patients with GPA and MPA with GI involvement compared to the control group.ConclusionsGI involvement in GPA and MPA is rare. Therapy directed at T cells might be an alternative treatment option.
Early Australasian experience with branched endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Jamieson Russell W. , Huilgol Ravi L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionEndovascular technology can now support total endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with branches maintaining visceral and renal perfusion thus avoiding the need for massive open surgery. High‐volume centres have reported encouraging results. We report our Australasian experience of 10 cases including the first‐in‐man ‘off‐the‐shelf’ graft.MethodsTen consecutive endovascular repairs performed with prospective data collection have been retrospectively analysed.ResultsSix men and four women with an average age of 72.4 years (range 55–85) were treated between 2009 and 2012. The mean aneurysm diameter was 7 cm (range 4.8–10.0) with aneurysms across all five Crawford classifications. One hundred per cent procedural technical success was achieved and all branches and fenestrations were patent at a median follow up of 12 months. In total, 30 branches were utilized together with seven fenestrations. One death from respiratory failure occurred on day 30 without endograft problems and there were two late aneurysm related deaths. Three patients experienced spinal cord ischaemia and one patient experienced two separate late endoleaks. Six patients had successful endografts and remain alive and well.DiscussionFor experienced endovascular surgeons working with a proctor 100% technical success in graft deployment is achievable. Endovascular skills alone do not guarantee long‐term success; our results demonstrate the need for careful patient selection, the danger of spinal cord ischaemia and the potential for endoleaks.