bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Trombiculid Mite Bites: Report of a Case and Submission of Evidence in a Murder Trial
Authors: Prichard JG , Kossoris PD , Leibovitch RA , Robertson LD , Lovell FW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Bites of Trombiculid mites implicated a suspect during a homicide investigation. Clinical documentation of the bites, correlation with entomological studies, and submission of evidence at trial are reported. Insects that have a discrete geographic distribution and leave bites of a characteristic nature may have important forensic science implications.
A Double Origin Electrophoretic Method for the Simultaneous Separation of Adenosine Deaminase, Adenylate Kinase, and Carbonic Anhydrase II
Authors: Murch RS , Gambel AM , Kearney JJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A rapid, reliable method for the simultaneous separation of adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, and carbonic anhydrase II by agarose gel electrophoresis is presented. This method uses a double origin sample application system. Unreduced sample extracts for adenylate kinase analysis are applied 13.0 cm from the anode. Reduced sample extracts for the remaining proteins of interest are applied 7.0 cm from the anode. The use of applicator foils and an increased voltage gradient result in superior resolution, linearity, and band sharpness of the allozyme patterns. Further, there is no masking of the adenylate kinase 2 band as a result of the use of a reducing agent, and carbonic anhydrase II is resolved without interference from hemoglobin as has been observed with other multisystem methods.
The Simultaneous Separation of the Enzymes Glyoxalase I, Esterase D, and Phosphoglucomutase
Authors: Wraxall BGD , Stolorow MD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A procedure for the multisystem analysis of bloodstains using the simultaneous separation of the enzymes glyoxalase I, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase has been developed. The amount of bloodstain required has therefore been reduced threefold without any loss in resolution and sensitivity. Bloodstains at least seven weeks old have been correctly phenotyped in all three systems.
Subcapsular Hematoma in Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Authors: Roh LS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of fatty liver of pregnancy with subcapsular hematoma of the liver caused by intravenous heparin treatment is reported. The heparin was given for the thrombophlebitis of leg veins. The patient expired suddenly as a result of rupture of the subcapsular hematoma of the liver causing massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage. The pathophysiology and complications of the fatty liver of pregnancy are discussed.
Improved Enhancement of Ninhydrin Developed Fingerprints by Cadmium Complexation Using Low Temperature Photoluminescence Techniques
Authors: Stoilovic M , Kobus HJ , Margot PAJ-L , Warrener RN 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fingerprints developed with ninhydrin form stable, colored complexes when treated with various metal salts. Many of these colored complexes can be used to increase the sensitivity of detection of latent prints because of photoluminescent properties. The intensity of this photoluminescence is increased at low temperature (77K), and this is a common characteristic of each of the complexes formed with salts of the IIb group of the Periodic Table. Spectral characteristics of these Group IIb metal complexes and the influence of environmental factors on their formation are reported. These data have helped determine optimal conditions for the enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints. Taking into account spectral characteristics, solubility, versatility, stability, and reproducibility, the use of the cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate complex is advocated for general use for fingerprint enhancement. The use of zinc nitrate is favored if toxicological considerations are paramount, but ninhydrin development has to be carefully controlled if optimal results are to be obtained. Limited applications for mercuric complexes are found when a red shift is desired to remove background effects.
Pharmaceutical Error Resulting in Fatal Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Cohle SD , Lang R , Kosek MA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 41-year-old male with a 25-year history of diabetes mellitus requiring 25 to 30 units of neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin daily was found dead at home. Recent history revealed that he was well until the last four days of life when he had the onset of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia coinciding with procurement of a new bottle of insulin from his pharmacist. Pertinent autopsy findings included coronary and aortic atherosclerosis, a peptic ulcer, and diabetic glomerulopathy. Chemical analysis of the vitreous humor, including glucose (813 mg/dL) and acetone (40 mg/dL), revealed that he died of diabetic ketoacidosis. Further investigation revealed that the pharmacist had accidentally substituted regular insulin, with a duration of action of up to 6 h as opposed to 24 to 28 h, for NPH. Cultures of blood and of the regular insulin yielded no growth. Analysis of this case emphasizes the importance of obtaining a careful medical and medication history and the usefulness of vitreous electrolytes when investigating a sudden death in a diabetic.
Some Parameters Affecting the Quality of ESDA Results
Authors: Riebeling IJ , Kobus HJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A systematic evaluation of the effect of humidity on ESDA images was made. The results showed that the quality of the ESDA images developed depends not upon the water content of the paper at the time the indentations are made, but rather on changes in the water content, which may occur during the period between the indentations being made and the paper being examined using the ESDA.
In order to study the effect of the moisture content on the quality of the image produced by the ESDA it was necessary to devise a system for producing standard impressions. This process has now found application as a quality control procedure for ESDA examination.
Stability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibodies in Postmortem Samples
Authors: Karhunen PJ , Brummer-Korvenkontio H , Leinikki P , Nyberg M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The stability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies was studied for samples of sera, vitreous fluid and bile obtained from eight HIV-positive autopsy cases. The autopsy delay was on average 5 days. The samples were stored at room temperature (20°C) for 51 to 314 days and tested repeatedly. In Western blotting on fresh postmortem samples, the antibodies detected most of the proteins of the virus. Antibodies against all major envelope, core and transmembrane proteins, although weakened, were also detected in stored sera. In stored vitreous fluid and bile the envelope protein gp 160, the transmembrane protein gp 41 and in half of the cases also the major core protein p 24 could still be detected. The disappearance of p 24 was associated with AIDS, but was detected in all samples from patients with early infection. Of screening tests, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applying synthetic peptide as an antigen detected antibodies from all serum samples, but was less applicable to vitreous fluid or bile. Another immunoassay, applying recombinant antigen, succeeded in vitreous fluid and bile but not in sera. The rapid visually read assay detected antibodies in most samples of fresh whole blood, bile and in most of the vitreous samples, but was less useful on stored specimens.
Firearm Suicides During Confrontations with Police
Authors: Harruff RC , Llewellyn AL , Clark MA , Hawley DA , Pless JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We reviewed the case records of suicides in Marion County, Indiana (Indianapolis) and in surrounding counties from 1984 through 1992. Out of 1203 suicides, there were 14 in which armed, on-duty police officers were confronting, pursuing, or apprehending the subject of the death investigation. All subjects were male, and the peak age range was 30 to 34 years. The head, especially the right temple, was the usual site of the fatal wound. More than half of the incidents started as domestic disputes with a wife or girlfriend. Many of the others occurred when police officers pursued or arrested a suspect wanted for a previous felony. Ethanol was involved in less than half of the cases, and drugs were not a factor. In at least four cases, the presence of police was a factor that precipitated the suicide. The histories of the 14 cases demonstrate the potential for controversy and the challenges for forensic scientists investigating suicides during police confrontations.
Reanalysis of Forensic Urine Specimens Containing Benzoylecgonine and THC-COOH
Authors: Romberg RW , Past MR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Drug testing laboratories are often requested to retest specimens that have tested positive. The reproducibility of analytical retest data for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) and benzoylecgonine in specimens that had previously been analyzed and then frozen by the Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Great Lakes is examined in this study.
All specimens were tested by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Retest values generally showed a decrease in concentration but exhibited considerable variability. Eighty-five THC-COOH positive urine specimens stored frozen for 1 to 10 months (average 2.3 months) declined an average of 25% (range, +30% to −80%) and 61 benzoylecgonine positive urine specimens stored for 1 to 8 months (average 2.3 months) declined an average of 19% (ranged +20% to −100%) from initial GC/MS test results.
Drugs were found to partition into strata when frozen in urine because of the thermodynamics of the freezing process. To assure a homogenous solution for repeat testing, specimens that have been frozen and thawed were gently mixed before analysis.
Investigation of the 1987 Indianapolis Airport Ramada Inn Incident
Authors: Clark MA , Hawley DA , McClain JL , Pless JE , Marlin DC , Standish SM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
On October 20, 1987, a military reserve aircraft lost power during a transcontinental flight and attempted an emergency landing at The Indianapolis International Airport. The pilot ejected and the disabled and pilotless aircraft struck a bank building. It then skidded across the street and entered the lobby of The Airport Ramada Inn where it exploded. This incident was unusual in that the fatal injuries occurred in individuals on the ground and not in the occupant of the aircraft. Seven people were killed in the lobby area and two were trapped in a laundry where they died of smoke inhalation. A tenth person died of burns ten days later. Minor injuries were reported among four hotel guests, two firefighters and the Air Force pilot. A multiagency mass disaster-plan had been formulated and rehearsed in preparation for the Panamerican Games, which had been held in Indianapolis in August 1987. A number of volunteers arrived before a security perimeter was established. They began an undocumented removal of the bodies from the scene and were about to remove valuables for “safekeeping” when stopped by coroners' office personnel. Fatalities resulted from smoke inhalation, burns or a combination. Bodies were identified by a combination of dental records, personal effects and visual means within 24 hours. The problems encountered in managing this disaster scene will also be compared with previously reported incidents.
Deaths Due to Firearms Injuries in Children
Authors: Choi E , Donoghue ER , Lifschultz BD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
There has been a marked increase in firearms-related deaths in this country over the past several decades. Especially in urban areas this increase has been correlated with a greater availability of handguns. Children have become more common victims of gunfire. Both accidental and homicidal shooting deaths have increased in the lower age groups. We examined deaths due to gunfire in children ten years and younger in Cook County, Illinois, which contains the large city of Chicago. Homicidal shootings predominated in this age group with the most common circumstances being a child struck by a stray bullet. Accidental shooting deaths always occurred when one or more children were playing with a gun they found in the home.
Analysis of HLA DQα Allele and Genotype Frequencies in Populations from Florida
Authors: Crouse CA , Feuer WJ , Nippes DC , Celia Hutto S , Barnes KS , Coffman D , Livingston SH , Ginsberg L , Glidewell DE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
HLA DQα allele and genotype frequencies for Caucasian, African American, Haitian, and Hispanic populations in Florida have been estimated. The Florida laboratories involved in these studies collected donor samples from a variety of sites including clinical laboratories, victim and suspect standards, blood banks, county jail detainees, and laboratory personnel. We have determined that the Caucasian and African American DQα genotype frequencies do not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations and as a result of this heterogeneity analyses, data from the four Florida Caucasian populations may be combined and data from the four Florida African American populations may be combined to form two large HLA DQα genotype frequency databanks. Further, data from the Florida Haitian population may be combined with the Florida African American population. Comparison of the combined Florida Caucasian populations, combined Florida African American populations, the Palm Beach Sheriff's Office (PBSO) Hispanic, and PBSO Haitian population with other databases does not support combination because allele frequency distributions are heterogenous.
A Fatal Case of Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11) Poisoning. Tissue Distribution Study by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Groppi A , Polettini A , Lunetta P , Achille G , Montagna M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of lethal poisoning due to trichlorofluoromethane (FC11) inhalation is described. The fluorocarbon was determined in biological tissues by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FC11 was detected in all the examined tissues, with decreasing levels in heart, lung, brain, liver, blood, kidney, and spleen. The highest concentration measured in heart could be related to the mode of toxic action of fluorocarbons postulated by many authors, characterized by the sensitization of the myocardium to the catecholamines producing arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. Nevertheless the aspecific picture of the anatomo-pathological and histological findings does not exclude that the described accidental fatality may have been caused by the combination of direct freon toxicity with hypoxemic asphyxiation, due to the saturation of the atmosphere by FC11 in the closed environment in which the intoxication occurred.
Review of Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol Determination in Biological Specimens
Authors: Cravey RH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Medicolegal Aspects of Alcohol Determination in Biological Specimens was first published by PSG Publishing Company in 1988. This reprint of the book by Lawyers and es Publishing Company leaves each chapter intact with the exception of the deletion he delightful cartoons from the New Yorker magazine in chapter 14.
The Cherokee Syllabary
Authors: Ramsey SL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In order to recognize and correctly evaluate basic letter forms regarding their rarity, or general character, forensic document examiners are expected to have a ready reference file of the various systems of writing used in the United States during the last 100 years [1]. However, one system of writing appears to have been omitted from the reference/study materials. This paper provides information on that system of American writing known as the “Cherokee Alphabet,” which is still in use today.
Bochdalek Hernia in Adulthood: A Review and an Autopsy Case Report
Authors: Salaçin S , Alper B , Çekin N , Gülmen MK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Bochdalek hernia is rare in adulthood with fewer than 100 cases having been reported in the world literature. We present a delayed case of Bochdalek hernia in an adult leading to sudden death, first diagnosed at medicolegal autopsy.
Ejection Seat Aircraft Fatalities in the United States Military, 1966 to 1990
Authors: Lowry MA , Mellen PFM , Weedn VW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
When a military jet aircraft becomes incapable of controlled powered flight, the aircrew has the alternative of initiating the ejection sequence. In a majority of cases the ejection sequence is successful in extracting the aircrew from probable death. However, in a minority of cases the ejected aircrewmember does not survive. We analyzed 57 autopsy cases from 1966 to 1990 of military aircraft fatalities in which ejection was initiated. These cases were analyzed for injury patterns, age, rank, military branch, type of aircraft, and circumstances surrounding the ejection. The majority of fatalities occurred during “out-of-envelope” ejections and were associated with extreme whole-body trauma. Drowning fatalities were associated with relatively minor traumatic injury. Parachute malfunctions resulted in extreme total-body decelerative injuries. The remainder of the fatalities were due to man-seat separation failure, human error, and unfortunate circumstances. Two cases of hangman's type cervical neck fracture were observed during high-speed ejection.
Flow Cytometry: A Screening Tool for High Molecular Weight DNA
Authors: Cina SJ , Gelven PL , Gittinger CK , Re GG , Self SE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Decomposition is the degradation of tissues due to a combination of autolysis and putrefaction. As the postmortem interval lengthens, chromatin is degraded until no high molecular weight DNA (HMW-DNA) remains. The DNA complement per cell can be measured by flow cytometry; the integrity of the DNA within a tissue can be determined using gel electrophoresis. In this study, splenic tissue was harvested at autopsy and was allowed to decompose over several days. Serial samples were taken and submitted for gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analysis. Gel electrophoresis showed HMW-DNA was present at postmortem days one through three but little remained by day four. Flow cytometry closely reproduced the same results with peaks near the 2n control indicating the presence of HMW-DNA. This implies that flow cytometry may substitute for gel electrophoresis as a quick, inexpensive assay for the presence of HMW-DNA.
Identification of Sex from Metacarpals: Effect of Side Asymmetry
Authors: Lazenby RA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study tests the effect of bilateral asymmetry on the success rate of correct prediction of sex based on osteometric dimensions of the second metacarpal, using a method proposed by Scheuer and Elkington. A total of 351 bones from 179 individuals (47 documented as to age and sex), including 172 pairs, obtained from a 19th century cemetery were used to test the null hypothesis of no effect. A high success rate (&gt;90%) for correct identification was found for males irrespective of side, although the larger right second metacarpal was a significantly better predictor. Conversely, there was a much lower success rate for females irrespective of side (&lt;65%), although the smaller left metacarpal tended to give better results. The high success rate for males and low rate for females likely reflects the greater skeletal robustness of this historic sample relative to modern individuals. It is concluded that side asymmetry can have a significant effect on predictive efficiency for the Scheuer and Elkington model. As well, it is questionable whether the technique should be applied to non-industrial, that is, more skeletally robust, populations.
Amplification of cDNA via RT-PCR Using RNA Extracted from Postmortem Tissues
Authors: Phang T-W , Shi C-Y , Chia J-N , Ong C-N 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Analysis of cDNA derived from messenger RNA is of advantage over using genomic DNA in genetic analysis of large genes, especially those with lengthy intron sequences. However, because of its instability and rapid degradation, RNA extraction from postmortem tissues has not been attempted. Here, we report the successful extraction of intact mRNA from various postmortem tissues from accidental and sudden death cases. Subsequently with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we were able to amplify cDNA fragments of different lengths up to 0.9 kb. The described method therefore provides a useful tool in genetic analysis of postmortem tissues.
An Experimental Methodology for the Study of Postmortem Changes in Toxic Concentrations of Drugs, Using Secobarbital As an Example
Authors: Quatrehomme G , Bourret F , Liao Z , Ollier A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Postmortem changes in alcohol and drug concentrations are well known today. The authors used an HPLC assay of barbiturates in postmortem tissue, and developed a rat model in order to evidence postmortem changes in toxics concentrations. Postmortem changes in secobarbital concentrations were evidenced using a rat-secobarbital model. This work emphasizes the difficulty of postmortem toxicology, as concentrations found at the time of autopsy may be different from concentrations at the time of death.
A Suicidal Wound Inflicted by a “Power Head”
Authors: Frost RE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of suicide using a device known as a “power head” is presented. The devices, which are used in underwater fishing and other activities, are common and readily available in many areas where diving is practiced, but we are unaware of previously published cases of fatal injuries resulting from their use. The appearance and functioning of a power head are described, as well as regulations concerning the devices.
Positive Identification by Means of Trabecular Bone Pattern Comparison
Authors: Kahana T , Hiss J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Positive identification of human remains is often achieved by comparing antemortem and postmortem radiographs. Usually, radiographs contain a number of markers that can serve as reference for comparison, one of these markers is the trabecular bone pattern depicted in the roentgenograms. In the present case, densitometric analysis of the trabecular bone pattern was used as the sole means of identification. Later on, two other methods confirmed the original positive identification.
Acute Aortic Dissections and Ruptured Berry Aneurysms Associated with Methamphetamine Abuse
Authors: Davis GG , Swalwell CI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Sudden, unexpected death can occur following rupture of an artery weakened by aneurysmal dilatation or by medial dissection. In both of these diseases the arterial abnormality is exacerbated by hypertension. This arterial weakness could also be aggravated by the use of drugs with a hypertensive effect. We report seven cases of sudden death in patients abusing methamphetamine—four cases of ruptured berry aneurysms and three cases of aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade. The autopsy findings are reviewed, and various mechanisms are considered by which methamphetamine may contribute to death in such cases.
Differentiation of Diethyl Ether/Acetone and Ethanol/Acetonitrile Solvent Pairs, and Other Common Volatiles by Dual Column Headspace Gas Chromatography
Authors: Logan BK , Case GA , Kiesel EL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Gas chromatography is the most widely used method for the analysis of ethanol and other low molecular weight volatiles for forensic applications. Many laboratories use only a single analytical method for this analyte. Concern over the possible misidentification of acetonitrile as ethanol, and our experience in a case where we misidentified diethyl ether as acetone using a single method approach, led us to develop and adopt the dual column method described herein. Two columns, 5% carbowax on 60/80 Carbopak B, and 0.8% THEED on 80/100 carbopak C, were used for the complementary analysis of 32 common volatile organic compounds.