bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of intra-operative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in total thyroidectomy for benign goitre
Authors: Page C , Cuvelier P , Biet A , Strunski V 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the impact of intra-operative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy for benign goitre.Methods:A single-centre retrospective study using historical controls was conducted for a 10-year period, comprising a series of 767 patients treated by total thyroidectomy for benign goitre. Of these, 306 had intra-operative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and 461 did not. Post-operative laryngeal mobility was assessed in all patients by direct laryngoscopy before hospital discharge and at post-operative follow-up visits.Results:In all, 6 out of 461 patients (1.30 per cent) in the control group and 6 out of 306 patients (1.96 per cent) in the intra-operative neuromonitoring group developed permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two patient groups.Conclusion:Intra-operative neuromonitoring does not appear to affect the post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rate or to reliably predict post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. However, it can accurately predict good nerve function after thyroidectomy.
The Politics of Life Extension in Francis Bacon's Wisdom of the Ancients
Authors: Elliot Natalie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe extension of human life is one of the central goals that Francis Bacon posits for science, and this goal shapes his political thought significantly. Bacon's interest in life extension appears throughout his corpus, but the Wisdom of the Ancients contains his most extensive treatment of its political and philosophical consequences. Here, I interpret a series of myths in the Wisdom of the Ancients and argue, first, that through them Bacon presents key political strategies for promoting life extension and tending to its hazards; and, second, as he does so, he sketches a new portrait of philosophy, which directs some of its energies to understanding what makes longer life worth living. My reading addresses a profound and neglected subject at the heart of Bacon's politico-scientific project, and advances the growing literature on Bacon that turns to the Wisdom of the Ancients to explain unexamined goals of his science.
“This migrants’ babble is not a German dialect!”: The interaction of standard language ideology and ‘us’/‘them’ dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect
Authors: Wiese Heike 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whetherKiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language ‘High German’, a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of ‘German’ speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane. (Standard language ideology, Kiezdeutsch, dialect, public discourse, Othering, racism by proxy)*
Ideologies of language and race in US media discourse about the Trayvon Martin shooting
Authors: Hodges Adam 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article examines the discourse about race and racism that ensued in the US media after the shooting death of an African American youth, Trayvon Martin, by a neighborhood watch volunteer, George Zimmerman, in February 2012. The analysis examines news programs from the three major cable television channels in the United States: CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. The theoretical framework builds upon Hill's (2008) discussion of the ‘folk theory of race and racism’ in contrast to critical race theory, and asks, to what extent does the mainstream media's discourse about race remain embedded in folk ideas and to what extent (if at all) does the conversation move beyond those ideas? The paper aims to unpack the ideologies of race and language that underpin talk about race and racism in an effort to expose the hidden assumptions in the discourse that hinder more productive dialogue on the topic. (Critical race theory, folk theory of race and racism, George Zimmerman, ideology, language ideology, media discourse, race, race talk, racism, slurs, Trayvon Martin)*
A New Fragment of Diocletian's Currency Regulation from Aphrodisias
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos , Fujii Takashi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn inscription found in Aphrodisias in 2014 is recognized as a fragment of a dossier concerning Diocletian's currency regulation. This dossier, probably consisting of two edicts and a letter, was inscribed on two blocks of the civic basilica wall. The new fragment belongs to the letter that accompanied the edicts. The reference to the diocese suggests that the letter was addressed to therationalisof the diocese of Asia. The new fragment belongs to the bottom right corner of the upper block. Thus, it provides new possibilities for the reconstruction of the fragments of the upper block.
Google Flu Trends in Canada: a comparison of digital disease surveillance data with physician consultations and respiratory virus surveillance data, 2010–2014
Authors: MARTIN L. J. , LEE B. E. , YASUI Y. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThe value of Google Flu Trends (GFT) remains unclear after it overestimated the proportion of physician visits related to influenza-like illness (ILI) in the United States in 2012–2013. However, GFT estimates (%GFT) have not been examined nationally in Canada nor compared with positivity for respiratory viruses other than influenza. For 2010–2014, we compared %GFT for Canada to Public Health Agency of Canada ILI consultation rates (%PHAC) and to positivity for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and rhinoviruses. %GFT correlated well with %PHAC (ρ= 0·77–0·90) and influenza A positivity (ρ= 0·64–0·96) and overestimated the 2012–2013 %PHAC peak by 0·99 percentage points. %GFT peaks corresponded temporally with peaks in positivity for influenza A and rhinoviruses (all seasons) and RSV and hMPV when their peaks preceded influenza peaks. In Canada, %GFT represented traditional surveillance data and corresponded temporally with patterns in circulating respiratory viruses.
L'évolution sémantique des verbes modaux: hypothèses à partir des emplois dedevoiretpouvoiren français moderne et médiéval
Authors: BARBET CÉCILE 
Published: July 2015

RÉSUMÉCet article propose une analyse des emplois des verbes modauxdevoiretpouvoiren français moderne et en français médiéval. L’examen des emplois attestés à ces deux époques différentes permet de valider pour le français certaines hypothèses émises dans le cadre de la théorie de la grammaticalisation concernant l'évolution sémantique des modaux. Nous attirons néanmoins l’attention sur le fait quepouvoir, même en français moderne, n’a peut-être pas développé l’emploi épistémique subjectif qu’on lui prête. De plus, l’emploi aléthique (ou logique) des modaux, souvent ignoré dans la théorie de la grammaticalisation ou la littérature linguistique en générale, a certainement un rôle à jouer dans le développement du sens épistémique.
Motivation and Social Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Fervaha Gagan , Siddiqui Ishraq , Foussias George , Agid Ofer , Remington Gary 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial cognition, referring to one’s ability to perceive and process social cues, is an important domain in schizophrenia. Numerous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia have poorer performance on tests assessing social cognition relative to healthy comparison participants. However, whether variables such as motivation are related to performance on these tests in patients with schizophrenia is unclear. One thousand three-hundred and seventy-eight patients with schizophrenia completed the Facial Emotion Discrimination Task as a measure of emotional processing, a key facet of social cognition. Level of motivation was also evaluated in these patients using a derived measure from the Quality of Life Scale. The relationship between motivation and task performance was examined using bivariate correlations and logistic regression modeling, controlling for the impact of age and overall severity of psychopathology, the latter evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Motivation was positively related to performance on the social cognition test, and this relationship remained significant after controlling for potential confounding variables such as age and illness severity. Social cognition was also related to functioning, and the relationship was mediated by level of motivation. The present study found a significant relationship between motivation and performance on a test of social cognition in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that amotivation undermines task performance, or alternatively that poor social cognitive ability impedes motivation. Future studies evaluating social cognition in patients with schizophrenia should concurrently assess for variables such as effort and motivation. (JINS, 2015, 21, 436–443)
Estimating bisphenol A exposure levels using a questionnaire targeting known sources of exposure
Authors: Nomura Sarah Oppeneer , Harnack Lisa , Robien Kim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a BPA Exposure Assessment Module (BEAM) for use in large observational studies and to evaluate the ability of the BEAM to estimate bisphenol A (BPA) exposure levels.DesignThe BEAM was designed by modifying an FFQ with questions targeting known sources of BPA exposure. Frequency of intake of known dietary sources of BPA was assessed using the BEAM and three 24 h food records as a reference diet measurement tool. Urinary BPA (uBPA) levels were measured as the criterion tool in a pooled urine sample (nine spot samples per participant). Spearman correlations, linear regression and weighted kappa analysis were used to evaluate the ability of the BEAM and food records to estimate BPA exposure levels.SettingMinneapolis/Saint Paul, MN, USA.SubjectsSixty-eight healthy adult (20–59 years) volunteers.ResultsDietary BPA intake assessed by the BEAM was not associated with uBPA levels and was unable to predict participants’ rank by uBPA levels. BEAM models with alla prioripredictors explained 25 % of the variability in uBPA levels. Canned food intake assessed by food records was associated with uBPA levels, but was unable to rank participants by uBPA levels. Multivariable-adjusted food record models witha prioripredictors explained 41 % of the variability in uBPA levels.ConclusionsKnown dietary sources of BPA exposure explained less than half the variability in uBPA levels, regardless of diet assessment method. Findings suggest that a questionnaire approach may be insufficient for ranking BPA exposure level and additional important sources of BPA exposure likely exist.
CBCT-guided radiotherapy for locally advanced head and cancer: dosimetric impact of weight loss on VMAT and IMRT plans for selected organs at risk structures (OARs)
Authors: Moallim Mahmud , Maungwe Peter , Chamunyonga Crispen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeIt is common for head and neck patients to be affected by time trend errors as a result of weight loss during a course of radiation treatment. The objective of this planning study was to investigate the impact of weight loss on volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) as well as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for locally advanced head and neck cancer using automatic co-registration of the cone beam computed tomography.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of previously treated IMRT plans for ten patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer was done. A VMAT plan was also produced for all patients. We calculated the dose–volume histograms (DVH) indices for spinal cord planning at risk volumes (PRVs), the brainstem PRVs (SC+0·5 cm and BS+0·5 cm, respectively) as well as mean dose to the parotid glands.ResultsThe results show that the mean difference in dose to the SC+0·5 cm was 1·03% and 1·27% for the IMRT and VMAT plans, respectively. As for dose to the BS+0·5, the percentage difference was 0·63% for the IMRT plans and 0·61% for the VMAT plans. The analysis of the parotid gland doses shows that the percentage change in mean dose to left parotid was −8·0% whereas that of the right parotid was −6·4% for the IMRT treatment plans. In the VMAT plans, the percentages change for the left and the right parotid glands were −6·6 and −6·7% respectively.ConclusionsThis study shows a clinically significant impact of weight loss on DVH indices analysed in head and neck organs at risk. It highlights the importance of adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck patients if organ at risk sparing is to be maintained.
Evidence for holistic episodic recollection via hippocampal pattern completion
Authors: Horner Aidan J. , Bisby James A. , Bush Daniel , Lin Wen-Jing , Burgess Neil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecollection is thought to be the hallmark of episodic memory. Here we provide evidence that the hippocampus binds together the diverse elements forming an event, allowing holistic recollection via pattern completion of all elements. Participants learn complex ‘events’ from multiple overlapping pairs of elements, and are tested on all pairwise associations. At encoding, element ‘types’ (locations, people and objects/animals) produce activation in distinct neocortical regions, while hippocampal activity predicts memory performance for all within-event pairs. When retrieving a pairwise association, neocortical activity corresponding to all event elements is reinstated, including those incidental to the task. Participant’s degree of incidental reinstatement correlates with their hippocampal activity. Our results suggest that event elements, represented in distinct neocortical regions, are bound into coherent ‘event engrams’ in the hippocampus that enable episodic recollection—the re-experiencing or holistic retrieval of all aspects of an event—via a process of hippocampal pattern completion and neocortical reinstatement.
Cryo-EM reveals the conformation of a substrate analogue in the human 20S proteasome core
Authors: da Fonseca Paula C.A. , Morris Edward P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe proteasome is a highly regulated protease complex fundamental for cell homeostasis and controlled cell cycle progression. It functions by removing a wide range of specifically tagged proteins, including key cellular regulators. Here we present the structure of the human 20S proteasome core bound to a substrate analogue inhibitor molecule, determined by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis at a resolution of around 3.5 Å. Our map allows the building of protein coordinates as well as defining the location and conformation of the inhibitor at the different active sites. These results open new prospects to tackle the proteasome functional mechanisms. Moreover, they also further demonstrate that cryo-EM is emerging as a realistic approach for general structural studies of protein–ligand interactions.
Crystallographic structure of a small molecule SIRT1 activator-enzyme complex
Authors: Dai Han , Case April W. , Riera Thomas V. , Considine Thomas , Lee Jessica E. , Hamuro Yoshitomo , Zhao Huizhen , Jiang Yong , Sweitzer Sharon M. , Pietrak Beth , Schwartz Benjamin , Blum Charles A. , Disch Jeremy S. , Caldwell Richard , Szczepankiewicz Bruce , Oalmann Christopher , Yee Ng Pui , White Brian H. , Casaubon Rebecca , Narayan Radha , Koppetsch Karsten , Bourbonais Francis , Wu Bo , Wang Junfeng , Qian Dongming , Jiang Fan , Mao Cheney , Wang Minghui , Hu Erding , Wu Joe C. , Perni Robert B. , Vlasuk George P. , Ellis James L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSIRT1, the founding member of the mammalian family of seven NAD+-dependent sirtuins, is composed of 747 amino acids forming a catalytic domain and extended N- and C-terminal regions. We report the design and characterization of an engineered human SIRT1 construct (mini-hSIRT1) containing the minimal structural elements required for lysine deacetylation and catalytic activation by small molecule sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs). Using this construct, we solved the crystal structure of a mini-hSIRT1-STAC complex, which revealed the STAC-binding site within the N-terminal domain of hSIRT1. Together with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and site-directed mutagenesis using full-length hSIRT1, these data establish a specific STAC-binding site and identify key intermolecular interactions with hSIRT1. The determination of the interface governing the binding of STACs with human SIRT1 facilitates greater understanding of STAC activation of this enzyme, which holds significant promise as a therapeutic target for multiple human diseases.
Identification of Alp1U and Lom6 as epoxy hydrolases and implications for kinamycin and lomaiviticin biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Bin , Guo Fang , Ren Jinwei , Ai Guomin , Aigle Bertrand , Fan Keqiang , Yang Keqian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe naturally occurring diazobenzofluorenes, kinamycins, fluostatins and lomaiviticins, possess highly oxygenated A-rings, via which the last forms a dimeric pharmacophore. However, neither the A-ring transformation nor the dimerization mechanisms have been explored thus far. Here we propose a unified biosynthetic logic for the three types of antibiotics and verify one key reaction via detailed genetic and enzymatic experiments. Alp1U and Lom6 from the kinamycin and lomaiviticin biosynthesis, respectively, are shown to catalyse epoxy hydrolysis on a substrate that is obtained by chemical deacetylation of a kinamycin-pathway-derived intermediate. Thus, our study provides the first evidence for the existence of an epoxy intermediate in lomaiviticin biosynthesis. Furthermore, our results suggest that the dimerization in the lomaiviticin biosynthesis proceeds after dehydration of a product generated by Lom6.
HIV burden in men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort study 2007–2012
Authors: Jia Zhongwei , Huang Xiaojie , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong , Li Ning , Ding Peipei , Sun Yixuan , Liu Zhiying , Wei Feili , Zhang Hongwei , Jiao Yanmei , Ji Yunxia , Zhang Yonghong , Guo Caiping , Li Wei , Mou Danlei , Xia Wei , Li Zhen , Chen Dexi , Yan Huiping , Chen Xinyue , Zhao Jinkou , Meyers Kathrine , Cohen Ted , Mayer Kenneth , Salomon Joshua A , Lu Zuhong , Dye Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe conducted a prospective cohort study among HIV-negative MSM aged 18 years or older between 2007 and 2012 in Beijing, China to measure the rates of incident HIV and identify risk factors for infection. Among 5,800 participants evaluated at enrollment, we identified 486 prevalent cases of HIV (8.4%). Among the 3,625 enrollees who were HIV-negative at enrollment and completed at least one follow-up interview, we identified 440 incident cases of HIV in the follow up period: this constituted an HIV incidence rate of 7.1 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 6.4–7.7). Early treatment of syphilis may have significantly reduced risk of HIV infection (RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.93), while MSM presenting perfect compliance in the cohort did not show reduction in HIV infection. Our study suggested that HIV incidence has been remained high in this sample of Chinese MSM during the intensive preventive intervention, suggesting that we need to find new strategies to prevent HIV infection in this population.
Cortisol and testosterone increase financial risk taking and may destabilize markets
Authors: Cueva Carlos , Roberts R. Edward , Spencer Tom , Rani Nisha , Tempest Michelle , Tobler Philippe N. , Herbert Joe , Rustichini Aldo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is widely known that financial markets can become dangerously unstable, yet it is unclear why. Recent research has highlighted the possibility that endogenous hormones, in particular testosterone and cortisol, may critically influence traders’ financial decision making. Here we show that cortisol, a hormone that modulates the response to physical or psychological stress, predicts instability in financial markets. Specifically, we recorded salivary levels of cortisol and testosterone in people participating in an experimental asset market (N = 142) and found that individual and aggregate levels of endogenous cortisol predict subsequent risk-taking and price instability. We then administered either cortisol (single oral dose of 100 mg hydrocortisone, N = 34) or testosterone (three doses of 10 g transdermal 1% testosterone gel over 48 hours, N = 41) to young males before they played an asset trading game. We found that both cortisol and testosterone shifted investment towards riskier assets. Cortisol appears to affect risk preferences directly, whereas testosterone operates by inducing increased optimism about future price changes. Our results suggest that changes in both cortisol and testosterone could play a destabilizing role in financial markets through increased risk taking behaviour, acting via different behavioural pathways.
A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleobiogeographical Implications
Authors: Lü Junchang , Pu Hanyong , Kobayashi Yoshitsugu , Xu Li , Chang Huali , Shang Yuhua , Liu Di , Lee Yuong-Nam , Kundrát Martin , Shen Caizhi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Ganzhou area of Jiangxi Province, southern China is becoming one of the most productive oviraptorosaurian localities in the world. A new oviraptorid dinosaur was unearthed from the uppermost Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Ganzhou area. It is characterized by an anterodorsally sloping occiput and quadrate (a feature shared with Citipati), a circular supratemporal fenestra that is much smaller than the lower temporal fenestra and a dentary in which the dorsal margin above the external mandibular fenestra is strongly concave ventrally. The position of the anteroventral corner of the external naris in relation to the posterodorsal corner of the antorbital fenestra provides new insight into the craniofacial evolution of oviraptorosaurid dinosaurs. A phylogenetic analysis recovers the new taxon as closely related to the Mongolian Citipati. Six oviraptorid dinosaurs from the Nanxiong Formation (Ganzhou and Nanxiong) are distributed within three clades of the family. Each of the three clades from the Nanxiong Formation has close relatives in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia and in both places each clade may have had a specific diet or occupied a different ecological niche. Oviraptorid dinosaurs were geographically widespread across Asia in the latest Cretaceous and were an important component of terrestrial ecosystems during this time.