bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous subdural and scalpEEGcorrelates of frontal lobe epileptic sources
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Dümpelmann Matthias , Koessler Laurent , Brandt Armin , Cosandier‐Rimélé Delphine , Zentner Josef , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Maillard Louis Georges 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the visibility and detectability in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) of cortical sources in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) as to their localization, and the extent and amplitude of activation.MethodsWe analyzed the simultaneous subdural and scalp interictalEEGrecordings of 14 patients with refractory frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) associated with focal cortical dysplasia. Subdural spike types were identified and averaged for source localization and detection of their scalpEEGcorrelates. Both raw and averaged scalpEEGsegments were reviewed for spikes, blinded to subdural segments. We further analyzed the correlation of spike‐to‐background amplitude ratios in subdural and scalpEEG.ResultsWe identified 36 spike types in subduralEEG, corresponding to 29 distinct sources. Four of 29 sources werevisibleby visual evaluation of scalpEEGand six additional sources weredetectableafter averaging: four in the medial frontal, two in the dorsolateral gyri, two in the depth of dorsolateral sulci, and two in the basal frontal region. Cortical sources generating scalp‐detectable spikes presented a median of 6 cm2of activated cortical convexity surface and a subdural spike‐to‐background‐amplitude ratio >8. These sources were associated with a higher number of activated subdural grid contacts and a higher subdural spike‐to‐background amplitude ratio than sources generating non–scalp‐detectable spikes.SignificanceNot only dorsolateral but also basal and medial sources can be detectable inFLE. This is the first in vivo demonstration derived from simultaneous subdural and scalpEEGrecordings of the complementary significance of extensive source activation and higher subdural spike‐to‐background amplitude ratio in the detection of cortical sources inFLE.
Dawn Singing Intensity of the Male Brownish‐Flanked Bush Warbler: Effects of Territorial Insertions and Number of Neighbors
Authors: Xia Canwei , Wei Chentao , Lloyd Huw , Liu Jiayu , Wu Qiao , Zhang Yanyun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe dawn chorus is a period of peak singing activity of many songbirds. Numerous studies have sought to understand this widespread phenomenon, and many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dawn chorus. The social dynamics hypothesis proposes that dawn singing plays an important role in the announcement of territorial occupancy and the regulation of social relationships between males; it predicts that the dawn chorus vocal behavior varies with changes in social relationships. In this study, we tested the influence of territorial insertions and the number of neighbors, on the intensity of the brownish‐flanked bush warbler (Cettia fortipes)'s dawn singing. We found that simulated territorial insertions (playback) caused the males to increase their dawn singing significantly the next day, and males that had many neighbors exhibited more intense dawn singing than did males with few neighbors. Our study provides evidence that dawn singing plays an important role in the announcement of territorial occupancy and the regulation of the social relationships between the males.
Esophageal actinomycosis in a patient with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Nagaraju Shankar Prasad , Kirpalani Dilip Ashok , Bhabhe Aditya S. , Prasad Raghvendra , Shah Hardik , Kirpalani Ashok L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractActinomycosis of esophagus is uncommon. Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, candidiasis, tuberculosis, and other fungal infections are the commonly reported infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We report a case of esophageal actinomycosis in an end‐stage renal disease patient. A 28‐year‐old lady, known case of systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis B virus infection with end‐stage renal disease on regular maintenance hemodialysis since 5 years presented with history of epigastric pain and odynophagia for 1 week. Her upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed extensive necrotic areas with membrane in the esophagus. Histopathology revealed actinomycotic colonies and bacterial clumps. She was treated with intravenous penicillin followed by oral ampicillin for 6 months. She showed marked clinical improvement, and repeat endoscopy showed healing of ulceration and no evidence of actinomycosis.
Reprocessing high‐flux polysulfone dialyzers does not negatively impact solute removal in short‐daily online hemodiafiltration
Authors: Melo Natalia C. V. , Moyses Rosa M. A. , Elias Rosilene M. , Castro Manuel C. M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere are no studies evaluating the impact of dialyzer reprocessing on solute removal in short‐daily online hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of dialyzer reuse on solute removal in daily OL‐HDF and compare with that in high‐flux short‐daily hemodialysis (SDH). Fourteen patients undergoing a SDH program were included. Pre‐dialysis and post‐dialysis blood samples and effluent dialysate were collected in the 1st, 7th, and 13th dialyzer uses in SDH sessions and in daily OL‐HDF sessions. Directly quantified small solute (urea, phosphorus, creatinine, and uric acid) total mass removal (TMDQ) and clearance (KDQ) were similar when the 1st, 7th, and 13th dialyzer SDH uses were compared with the 1st, 7th, and 13th daily OL‐HDF uses. TMDQ and KDQ of small solutes were similar among analyzed dialyzer uses in SDH sessions and in daily OL‐HDF sessions. β2‐Microglobulin TMDQ and KDQ were statistically higher in daily OL‐HDF dialyzer uses than in the respective SDH uses. There was no difference in β2‐microglobulin TMDQ and KDQ among dialyzer uses in daily OL‐HDF sessions or in SDH sessions. In daily OL‐HDF, albumin loss was significantly different among dialyzer uses (P < 0.001), being lower in the 7th and 13th dialyzer uses than in the first use. Dialyzer reprocessing did not impair solute extraction in daily OL‐HDF. β2‐Microglobulin removal was greater in daily OL‐HDF than in SDH sessions, without significant differences in other solutes extraction. There was a significant reduction in intradialytic albumin loss with dialyzer reprocessing in daily OL‐HDF sessions.
Comparative study of soft tissue perineurioma and meningioma using a five‐marker immunohistochemical panel
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Buslei Rolf , Coras Roland , Rubin Brian P , Mentzel Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AimsOwing to their close embryological relationship, soft tissue perineurioma and meningioma may closely mimic each other, not only histologically but also by immunohistochemistry. We aimed to compare the frequency of perineurial marker expression in these two entities, and to determine whether somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and progesterone receptor (PR), both expressed frequently in meningiomas, are also expressed in perineuriomas.Methods and resultsWe analysed and compared the immunohistochemical findings in 58 WHO grade I meningiomas (29 meningothelial, 16 fibrous, 10 transitional, and three others), 10 WHO grade II (atypical) meningiomas, and 20 soft tissue perineuriomas. All tumours were stained using five antibodies against antigens that are known to be expressed in perineuriomas or meningiomas: epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), claudin‐1, GLUT‐1 (glucose transporter‐1), SSTR2, and PR. Of the meningiomas, EMA was expressed in 59 of 61, claudin‐1 in five of 63, GLUT‐1 in 19 of 62, SSTR2 in 59 of 68, and PR in 44 of 62. Of the perineuriomas, EMA was expressed in 20 of 20, claudin‐1 in 17 of 18, GLUT‐1 in 14 of 16, SSTR2 in one of 20, and PR in one of 20. The SSTR2‐positive/PR‐positive phenotype was detected in 42 of 60 meningiomas, but in none of 20 perineuriomas. On the other hand, the claudin‐1‐positive/GLUT‐1‐positive phenotype was detected in only four of 62 meningiomas, and in 14 of 16 perineuriomas.ConclusionsEpithelial membrane antigen expression is ubiquitous in both entities, and does not distinguish between them. SSTR2 and PR are highly sensitive and, in this context, specific meningioma markers. They may be helpful in distinguishing between the two entities, particularly in cases of meningioma occurring at unusual (extracranial) sites.
Community HIV‐1 drug resistance is associated with transmitted drug resistance
Authors: Tilghman MW , Pérez‐Santiago J , Osorio G , Little SJ , Richman DD , Mathews WC , Haubrich RH , Smith DM 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesAs community viral load (CVL) measurements are associated with the incidence of new HIV‐1 infections in a population, we hypothesized that similarly measured community drug resistance (CDR) could predict the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR).MethodsBetween 2001 and 2011, the prevalences of HIV‐1 drug resistance for patients with established infection receiving HIV care (i.e. CDR) and TDR in recently infected patients were determined in San Diego. At each position in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (pro), drug resistance was evaluated both as the overall prevalence of resistance‐associated mutations and by weighting each resistance position to the concurrent viral load of the patient and its proportion to the total viral load of the clinic (CVL). The weighting was the proportion of the CVL associated with patients identified with resistance at each residue. Spearman ranked correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between CDR and TDR.ResultsWe analysed 1088 resistance tests for 971 clinic patients and baseline resistance tests for 542 recently infected patients. CDR at positions 30, 46, and 88 in pro was associated with TDR between 2001 and 2011. When CDR was weighted by the viral load of patients, CDR was associated with TDR at position 103 in RT. Each of these associations was corroborated at least once using shorter measurement intervals.ConclusionsDespite evaluation of a limited percentage of chronically infected patients in San Diego, CDR correlated with TDR at key resistance positions and therefore may be a useful tool with which to predict the prevalence of TDR.
Thermal Conductivity of Very Porous Kaolin‐Based Ceramics
Authors: Bourret Julie , Michot Aurelie , Tessier‐Doyen Nicolas , Naït‐Ali Benoit , Pennec Fabienne , Alzina Arnaud , Vicente Jerome , Peyratout Claire S. , Smith David S. 
Published: January 2014

A clay‐based material exhibiting high pore volume fraction and low thermal conductivity suitable for thermal insulation is described. Starting with a commercial clay containing >75% kaolinite, foams were made by mixing in water and methyl cellulose as a surfactant then beating. After drying at 70°C, the pore volume fraction >94% remains almost constant for treatments up to 1150°C. In contrast, the phases constituting the solid skeleton evolve strongly with removal of surfactant, dehydroxylation of kaolinite, and formation of mullite. The latter leads to greater mechanical strength but also an increase in thermal conductivity. Thermal treatment of the kaolin foam at 1100°C yields a suitable compromise between low thermal conductivity of 0.054 W.(m.K)−1 at room temperature with a compressive yield stress of 0.04 MPa. The radiation component in the effective thermal conductivity is <10% at 20°C increasing to >50% at 500°C.
A Political Economy Approach to the European Union Gas Model: Continuities and Changes
Authors: Fernandez Rafael , Palazuelos Enrique 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe European Union gas model worked steadily for nearly four decades: since the time that gas first emerged as an important resource in European energy demand. However, since the late 1990s this stability has been disrupted by a number of factors. The EU reform agenda has been the most important of these. Following a structural‐conduct‐performance plan, the European Commission has forced changes on players, scenarios and exchange mechanisms through legislative action in order to build a new energy model based on those operating in the United States and the United Kingdom. The main point of this article is that despite these actions, many features of the traditional model have been modified but not removed, and many changes have not brought the results initially expected. These results are mainly due to the fact that the power relations among the main players of the pre‐reform model are still in place.
Renewed diversification is associated with new ecological opportunity in theNeotropical turtle ants
Authors: Price S. L. , Powell S. , Kronauer D. J. C. , Tran L. A. P. , Pierce N. E. , Wayne R. K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEcological opportunity, defined as access to new resources free from competitors, is thought to be a catalyst for the process of adaptive radiation. Much of what we know about ecological opportunity, and the larger process of adaptive radiation, is derived from vertebrate diversification on islands. Here, we examine lineage diversification in the turtle ants (Cephalotes), a species‐rich group of ants that has diversified throughout theNeotropics. We show that crown group turtle ants originated during theEocene (around 46 mya), coincident with global warming and the origin of many other clades. We also show a marked lineage‐wide slowdown in diversification rates in theMiocene. Contrasting this overall pattern, a species group associated with the young and seasonally harshChacoan biogeographic region underwent a recent burst of diversification. Subsequent analyses also indicated that there is significant phylogenetic clustering within theChacoan region and that speciation rates are highest there. Together, these findings suggest that recent ecological opportunity, from successful colonization of novel habitat, may have facilitated renewed turtle ant diversification. Our findings highlight a central role of ecological opportunity within a successful continental radiation.
Effect of Blood Contamination and Decontamination Protocols on Acetone‐Based and Ethanol‐Based Total Etch Adhesive Systems
Authors: Juneja Ruchi , Duhan Jigyasa , Tewari Sanjay , Sangwan Pankaj , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStatement of the ProblemThe efficacy of various decontamination protocols to reverse the effect of blood contamination after acid‐etching may depend on the type of adhesive.ObjectivesTo compare the effect of blood contamination and various decontamination protocols on acetone‐based and ethanol‐based total‐etch adhesive systems.MethodsOcclusal dentin of 64 human molars was etched and contaminated with fresh human blood. The samples were assigned to two groups as per adhesive used: Prime & Bond NT (acetone‐based) and Adper Single Bond 2 (ethanol‐based) and then subdivided into eight groups: (1) control, (2) no decontamination, (3) water rinsing, (4) re‐etching, (5) sodium hypochlorite, (6) sodium hypochlorite/sodium ascorbate, (7) hydrogen peroxide, and (8) ethanol. Adhesives were applied and specimens were prepared for μTBS after composite buildup. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey test.ResultsBlood contamination significantly reduced μTBS of both the adhesives. Re‐etching and NaOCl/Asc were effective in restoring μTBS to the level of control for both the adhesives whereas NaOCl was effective only for Prime & Bond NT.ConclusionBoth re‐etching and NaOCl can be used for regaining μTBS of blood‐contaminated acid‐etched dentin. NaOCl/Asc yields better results than NaOCl alone, specifically for ethanol‐based adhesive.Clinical SignificanceKnowing the adverse effects of prolonged acid‐etching, other alternatives for decontamination of etched dentin after blood contamination should be considered. NaOCl alone or NaOCl followed by sodium ascorbate may prove to be good alternatives. These choices also may determine the type of adhesive system.
Methodological Challenges in Determining Longitudinal Associations Between Anticholinergic Drug Use and Incident Cognitive Decline
Authors: Kashyap Mandavi , Belleville Sylvie , Mulsant Benoit H. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Paquette Amelie , Tu Le Mai , Tannenbaum Cara 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of using different anticholinergic drug scales and different models of cognitive decline in longitudinal studies.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinics, Quebec, Canada.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older without dementia or depression (n = 102).MeasurementsUsing baseline and 1‐year follow‐up data, four measures of anticholinergic burden (anticholinergic component of the Drug Burden Index (DBI‐Ach), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), and Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS)) were applied. Three models of cognitive decline (worsening of raw neuropsychological test scores, Reliable Change Index (RCI), and a standardized regression based measure (SRB)) were compared in relation to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐V) criteria for the onset of a new mild neurocognitive disorder. The consistency of associations was examined using logistic regression.ResultsThe frequency of identifying individuals with an increase in anticholinergic burden over 1 year varied from 18% with the DBI‐Ach to 23% with the ACB. The frequency of identifying cognitive decline ranged from 8% to 86% using different models. The raw change score had the highest sensitivity (0.91), and the RCI the highest specificity (0.93) against DSM‐V criteria. Memory decline using the SRB method was associated with an increase in ACB (odds ratio (OR) = 5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–25.8), ADS (OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.1–27.7), and ARS (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.34–32.3). An increase in the DBI‐Ach was associated with a decline on memory testing using the raw change score method (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.8–15.4) and on the Trail‐Making Test Part B using SRB (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1–8.0). No associations were observed using the DSM‐V criteria or RCI method.ConclusionThe choice of different methods for defining drug exposure and cognitive decline will have a significant effect on the results of pharmacoepidemiological studies.
A Tool to Strengthen the Older Patient–Companion Partnership in Primary Care: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Wolff Jennifer L. , Roter Debra L. , Barron Jeremy , Boyd Cynthia M. , Leff Bruce , Finucane Thomas E. , Gallo Joseph J. , Rabins Peter V. , Roth David L. , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the acceptability of a pre‐consultation checklist for older adults who attend medical visits with an unpaid companion and to evaluate its effects on visit communication.DesignRandomized controlled pilot study.SettingAcademic geriatrics ambulatory clinic.ParticipantsThirty‐two individuals aged 65 and older and their unpaid companions.InterventionA self‐administered checklist was compared with usual care. The checklist was designed to elicit and align patient and companion perspectives regarding health concerns to discuss with the doctor and stimulate discussion about the companion's role in the visit.MeasurementPrimary outcome: ratio of patient‐centered communication, coded from visit audiotapes. Secondary outcomes: checklist acceptability; visit duration; patient‐companion verbal activity; patient‐ and physician‐reported perspectives of the visit.ResultsAll intervention patients and companions (n = 17) completed the checklist, and all participants (n = 32 dyads) completed the study. Patients and companions stated that the checklist was easy to complete (88%) and useful (91%), and they uniformly (100%) recommended it to other patients. Communication was significantly more patient‐centered in intervention group visits (ratio of 1.22 vs 0.71; P = .03). Visit duration (35.0 and 30.6 minutes; P = .34) and percentage of total verbal activity contributed by patients and companions (58.2% and 56.3% of visit statements; P = .50) were comparable in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Physicians were more likely to indicate that intervention companions “helped them provide good care to the patient” (94% vs 60%; P = .02). Intervention patients were more likely to indicate that they “better understood their doctor's advice and explanations” because their companion was present (82% vs 47%; P = .03).ConclusionA checklist to elicit and align perspectives of older adults and their companions resulted in enhanced patient‐centered medical visit communication.
Comparing patient and professional views of expected treatment outcomes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Delphi study identifies possibilities for change in service delivery in England, UK
Authors: Cooke Mary , Campbell Malcolm 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo clarify by consensus the professional and patient views of expected treatment outcomes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to compare the similarities and differences and identify the potential for adjusting service delivery.BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an under‐researched topic necessary to illuminate health planning, and patient partnership needs in the UK clinical screening is low priority for this condition. Government policy expects that service users are involved in planning services for their condition, but few opportunities exist for this process.DesignA feasibility study in two phases conducted three service user focus groups and one specialist professional group to provide statements of expected treatment outcomes from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease interventions. The statements then formed a further two‐round Delphi structured survey to compare service users' and carers' views with those of specialist professionals to ascertain what differences could be developed in service delivery for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsThree rounds of Delphi survey were administered. Round 1: Specialist professionals and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranked statements using nominal group technique. A nine‐point scale Delphi consensus study used the statements in two further rounds.ResultsTwenty‐four of 54 professionals contacted, and 52 of 152 patients and carers completed Delphi rounds 2 and 3. Consensus was found within and between both groups. The greatest difference was where professionals sought government targets and did not realise patient expectations, which were constrained by policy disincentives. The greatest agreement was for accurate record keeping and the need for revised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease services.ConclusionsPatients consider that services should support them to retain their independence and enable their adaptation to the condition.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth professionals aim to provide patient focused care based on need. This helps improve outcomes of interventions. Patients are willing and able if supported to increase independence and maintain self‐help.