bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of point defect reconstructions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in silicate dust preservation
Authors: Campisi Dario , Tielens Alexander G G M , Dononelli Wilke 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Forsterite is a primary constituent of interstellar dust and planetary systems. It is believed to originate from the outflows of oxygen-rich stars and undergo further processing within the interstellar medium through the action of cosmic rays and shocks. Under these harsh conditions, point defects may form, such as MgO Schottky vacancies. These vacancies can then undergo atom reconstruction as part of a chemical process to maintain the system’s crystalline structure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously observed interstellar molecules and are thought to form through gas-phase reactions akin to sooting flames. However, their role and impact on dust stability remain unknown. In this study, we employ an atomistic artificial-intelligence-based method, surrogate machine learning trained directly by density functional theory. Specifically, we utilize gofee (global optimization with first-principles energy expressions) to predict possible reconstructions of MgO vacancies on a crystalline forsterite (010) surface as an important component of interstellar dust and planetary systems. We identify nine possible reconstructions involving the formation of unbound Si and O atoms. We investigate their energy stability and find that the reconstruction of Si–O atoms stabilizes the vacancy by about 0.54 eV. Additionally, if PAHs bind with the unbound O and Si atoms of the vacancy, the vacancy is stabilized by approximately 1.76 eV. We demonstrate that PAHs, along with the reconstruction of unbound atoms on the dust surface, affect the stability of the dust, which might open up avenues for diverse chemistry.
On the potential origin of the circumbinary planet Delorme 1 (AB)b
Authors: Teasdale Matthew , Stamatellos Dimitris 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Many circumbinary gas giant planets have been recently discovered. The formation mechanism of circumbinary planets on wide orbits is unclear. We investigate the formation of Delorme 1 (AB)b, a $13 \pm 5 \ \mathrm{ M_J}$ planet, orbiting its host binary at 84 au. The planet is accreting while having an estimated age of 40 Myr, which is unexpected, as this process should have ceased due to the dissipation of the protoplanetary disc. Using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code seren, we model three formation scenarios for this planet. In Scenario I, the planet forms in situ on a wide orbit in a massive disc (by gravitational instability), in Scenario II closer to the binary in a massive disc (by gravitational instability), and in Scenario III much closer to the binary in a less massive disc (by core accretion). Planets in Scenario I stay at the observed separation and have mass accretion rates consistent with observed value, but their final mass is too high. In Scenario II, the planet reaches the observed separation through outward migration or scattering by the binary, and has mass accretion rate comparable to the observed; however, the planet mass is above the observed value. In Scenario III, the planet’s final mass and mass accretion rate are comparable to the observed ones, but the planet’s separation is smaller. We conclude that all models may explain some features of the observations but not all of them, raising questions about how gas is accreted on to the planet from its circumplanetary disc, and the presumed age of the system.
Outward askew endodermal cell divisions reveal INFLORESCENCE AND ROOT APICES RECEPTOR KINASE functions in division orientation
Authors: Rony R M Imtiaz Karim , Campos Roya , Pérez-Henríquez Patricio , Van Norman Jaimie M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oriented cell divisions establish plant tissue and organ patterning and produce different cell types; this is particularly true of the highly organized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root meristem. Mutant alleles of INFLORESCENCE AND ROOT APICES RECEPTOR KINASE (IRK) exhibit excess cell divisions in the root endodermis. IRK is a transmembrane receptor kinase that localizes to the outer polar domain of these cells, suggesting that directional signal perception is necessary to repress endodermal cell division. Here, a detailed examination revealed many of the excess endodermal divisions in irk have division planes that specifically skew toward the outer lateral side. Therefore, we termed them “outward askew” divisions. Expression of an IRK truncation lacking the kinase domain retains polar localization and prevents outward askew divisions in irk; however, the roots exhibit excess periclinal endodermal divisions. Using cell identity markers, we show that the daughters of outward askew divisions transition from endodermal to cortical identity similar to those of periclinal divisions. These results extend the requirement for IRK beyond repression of cell division activity to include cell division plane positioning. Based on its polarity, we propose that IRK at the outer lateral endodermal cell face participates in division plane positioning to ensure normal root ground tissue patterning.
Synergistic actions of 3 MYB transcription factors underpin blotch formation in tree peony
Authors: Luan Yuting , Tao Jun , Zhao Daqiu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Blotches in floral organs attract pollinators and promote pollination success. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is an internationally renowned cut flower with extremely high ornamental and economic value. Blotch formation on P. suffruticosa petals is predominantly attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. However, the endogenous regulation of blotch formation in P. suffruticosa remains elusive. Here, we identified the regulatory modules governing anthocyanin-mediated blotch formation in P. suffruticosa petals, which involves the transcription factors PsMYB308, PsMYBPA2, and PsMYB21. PsMYBPA2 activated PsF3H expression to provide sufficient precursor substrate for anthocyanin biosynthesis. PsMYB21 activated both PsF3H and PsFLS expressions and promoted flavonol biosynthesis. The significantly high expression of PsMYB21 in nonblotch regions inhibited blotch formation by competing for anthocyanin biosynthesis substrates, while conversely, its low expression in the blotch region promoted blotch formation. PsMYB308 inhibited PsDFR and PsMYBPA2 expressions to directly prevent anthocyanin-mediated blotch formation. Notably, a smaller blotch area, decreased anthocyanin content, and inhibition of anthocyanin structural gene expression were observed in PsMYBPA2-silenced petals, while the opposite phenotypes were observed in PsMYB308-silenced and PsMYB21-silenced petals. Additionally, PsMYBPA2 and PsMYB308 interacted with PsbHLH1-3, and their regulatory intensity on target genes was synergistically regulated by the PsMYBPA2-PsbHLH1-3 and PsMYB308-PsbHLH1-3 complexes. PsMYB308 also competitively bound to PsbHLH1-3 with PsMYBPA2 to fine-tune the regulatory network to prevent overaccumulation of anthocyanin in blotch regions. Overall, our study uncovers a complex R2R3-MYB transcriptional regulatory network that governs anthocyanin-mediated blotch formation in P. suffruticosa petals, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying blotch formation in P. suffruticosa.
A microRNA396b-growth regulating factor module controls castor seed size by mediating auxin synthesis
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Yu Song , Li Baoxin , Liu Yueying , He Zhibiao , Zhang Qingzhu , Zheng Zhimin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an importance crop cultivated for its oil and economic value. Seed size is a crucial factor that determines crop yield. Gaining insight into the molecular regulatory processes of seed development is essential for the genetic enhancement and molecular breeding of castor. Here, we successfully fine-mapped a major QTL related to seed size, qSS3, to a 180 kb interval on chromosome 03 using F2 populations (DL01×WH11). A 17.6-kb structural variation (SV) was detected through genomic comparison between DL01 and WH11. Analysis of haplotypes showed that the existence of the complete 17.6 kb structural variant may lead to the small seed characteristic in castor. In addition, we found that qSS3 contains the microRNA396b (miR396b) sequence, which is situated within the 17.6 kb SV. The results of our experiment offer additional evidence that miR396-Growth Regulating Factor 4 (GRF4) controls seed size by impacting the growth and multiplication of seed coat and endosperm cells. Furthermore, we found that RcGRF4 activates the expression of YUCCA6 (YUC6), facilitating the production of IAA in seeds and thereby impacting the growth of castor seeds. Our research has discovered a crucial functional module that controls seed size, offering a fresh understanding of the mechanism underlying seed size regulation in castor.
Evaluating the McMahon score for predicting mortality in earthquake-induced rhabdomyolysis: a retrospective study
Authors: Yaman Mahmut , Şen Abdullah , Durgun Hasan Mansur , Eynel Eren , Belek Sema , Ülgüt Şilan Göger , Orak Murat , Güloğlu Cahfer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In natural disasters like earthquakes, building collapses can trap individuals, causing crush syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. This life-threatening condition often leads to acute kidney injury. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the McMahon score in predicting mortality due to rhabdomyolysis in patients affected by the earthquake.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study. In this study, the clinical and laboratory data of patients who presented to the emergency department due to the earthquake were analyzed. The McMahon score was calculated by evaluating factors such as creatine kinase, serum creatinine levels, age, and gender.

Results
The study included 151 patients, of whom 74 (49.0%) were male and 77 (51.0%) were female. In the univariate model, significant (P &lt; .05) effectiveness was observed in differentiating between patients with and without mortality for McMahon score and the risk of acute kidney injury. At a McMahon score cutoff of 6, significant effectiveness was also observed, with an area under the curve of 0.723. At this cutoff value, the sensitivity was 80.0% and the specificity was 64.5%.

Conclusions
The use of the McMahon score in emergency medicine and disaster management plays a crucial role in rapid decision-making processes due to its effectiveness in predicting mortality.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Diagnosis and Early Treatment of First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Moe Aubrey M , Llamocca Elyse , Wastler Heather M , Steelesmith Danielle L , Brock Guy , Oluwoye Oladunni , Fontanella Cynthia A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite recognition that early intervention for first-episode psychosis (FEP) improves outcomes, Black youth with FEP continue to experience critical disparities in care. A historical lack of scientific focus on racial and ethnic factors in the study of psychosis and scant investigations among publicly insured (ie, Medicaid-enrolled) youth hinder our ability to understand and address factors that contribute to disparities in early FEP care. Strategies for improving FEP services for Black youth are reliant on more precise identification of who faces disparities and when during the early course of illness disparities are experienced.

Study Design
A retrospective longitudinal analysis of Ohio Medicaid claims data was performed for 987 982 youth aged 15–24 years between 2010 and 2020 to examine: (1) the likelihood of FEP diagnosis, (2) the type of psychotic disorder diagnosis received, and (3) receipt of treatment following psychosis onset.

Study Results
Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth, relative to non-Hispanic White (NHW) peers, were more likely to be diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and were further more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia relative to an affective psychotic disorder. In the first year following FEP diagnosis, NHB youth were also less likely to receive psychotherapy than NHW youth; this disparity was no longer present when examined at 2 years following FEP.

Conclusions
In this study, Black youth experienced disparities in both the diagnosis and early treatment of FEP. Additional efforts are needed to understand and address these observed disparities and to promote equitable access to FEP care during the critical early illness phases.
Persistent Gene Flow Suggests an Absence of Reproductive Isolation in an African Antelope Speciation Model
Authors: Wang Xi , Pedersen Casper-Emil Tingskov , Athanasiadis Georgios , Garcia-Erill Genís , Hanghøj Kristian , Bertola Laura D , Rasmussen Malthe Sebro , Schubert Mikkel , Liu Xiaodong , Li Zilong , Lin Long , Balboa Renzo F , Jørsboe Emil , Nursyifa Casia , Liu Shanlin , Muwanika Vincent , Masembe Charles , Chen Lei , Wang Wen , Moltke Ida , Siegismund Hans R , Albrechtsen Anders , Heller Rasmus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
African antelope diversity is a globally unique vestige of a much richer world-wide Pleistocene megafauna. Despite this, the evolutionary processes leading to the prolific radiation of African antelopes are not well understood. Here, we sequenced 145 whole genomes from both subspecies of the waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), an African antelope believed to be in the process of speciation. We investigated genetic structure and population divergence and found evidence of a mid-Pleistocene separation on either side of the eastern Great Rift Valley, consistent with vicariance caused by a rain shadow along the so-called “Kingdon’s Line.” However, we also found pervasive evidence of both recent and widespread historical gene flow across the Rift Valley barrier. By inferring the genome-wide landscape of variation among subspecies, we found 14 genomic regions of elevated differentiation, including a locus that may be related to each subspecies’ distinctive coat pigmentation pattern. We investigated these regions as candidate speciation islands. However, we observed no significant reduction in gene flow in these regions, nor any indications of selection against hybrids. Altogether, these results suggest a pattern whereby climatically driven vicariance is the most important process driving the African antelope radiation and suggest that reproductive isolation may not set in until very late in the divergence process. This has a significant impact on taxonomic inference, as many taxa will be in a gray area of ambiguous systematic status, possibly explaining why it has been hard to achieve consensus regarding the species status of many African antelopes. Our analyses demonstrate how population genetics based on low-depth whole genome sequencing can provide new insights that can help resolve how far lineages have gone along the path to speciation.
Family-centered care for newborns: a global perspective and review
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Panu Napodano Catello M , Murgia Paola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Person-centered models of care built on newborn and family needs and rights, such as nonseparation immediately after birth and during the care process, can address the complex needs of the newborn, family, and health system. This is particularly important in low- and middle-income countries, where cost-effective modalities are highly needed to accelerate the survival of newborn babies. We conducted a systematic review to explore country experiences on implementation and challenges to implement and scale-up family-centered newborn care models of care. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify studies on patient-centered care and newborns between 1990 and 2023. Studies meeting our predefined inclusion criteria were quality assessed and relevant data extracted. We utilized the World Health Organization framework on integrated people-centered health services to summarize and analyze findings while highlighting patterns. Forty-one studies were included for review (including approximately 60% from low- and middle-income countries). Different research conducted over time highlighted how immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin care facilitates a series of critical processes for newborns, parents, and health system, including breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity rates, reduced incidence of post-partum depression, and prevention of infection and hospitalization. Thanks to the close contact of the kangaroo position or skin-to-skin contact, parents recount becoming more and more attached to and familiar with their baby, easily establishing a relationship. Overall, countries could transform the newborn care service in terms of family center care by adopting three simple rules: (i) minimizing mother–child separation; (ii) involving fathers; (iii) empowering parents from the time of birth. A paradigm shift is required to change the conventional model of provider-centric care to one of person-centered neonatal health care. Such an approach is feasible in diverse country settings and should be facilitated through political commitment and policies enabling early focus on the maternal–infant relationship. This could, in turn, help achieve improved dignity of care and help create a more efficient and responsive health system and society.
Primary Cutaneous Spindle Cell B-Cell Follicle Center Lymphoma Presenting as Long-Standing Plaque of Cicatricial Alopecia: A Case Report With a Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Bigotto Gianmarco D. , Brunetti Antonio Podo , Guida Stefania , Stabile Giorgio , Rizzo Nathalie , Rongioletti Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous spindle B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon subtype of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by a distinct spindled cytology of neoplastic B cells. Despite sharing clinical, histopathological, and phenotypical similarities with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, an indolent form of B-cell lymphoma, it also exhibits certain features akin to primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Notably, in rare instances, a more aggressive clinical course has been observed. This report details a rare case of primary cutaneous spindle cell B-cell follicle center lymphoma, manifested as a prolonged solitary plaque of cicatricial alopecia. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of existing cases documented in the literature.
A Retrospective Review: Our Experience With an Adhesive-Based Pigmented Lesion Assay Used to Evaluate Cutaneous Lesions Suspicious for Melanoma
Authors: Van Sambeek Shay , Friedlander Eric , Patino Willmar D. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Being one of the largest dermatology groups in the country with an in-house pathology laboratory, we have seen a significant increase in the number of adhesive-based pigmented lesion assays (ABPLAs) in addition to biopsies and excisions following a moderate-risk or high-risk result with this test.

Objective:
To report our clinical experience and independently confirm that our results with this ABPLA (Pigmented lesion assay, DermTech. San Diego, CA) are consistent with the results of the validation studies completed by the test manufacturer.

Methods:
A retrospective review of our electronic medical records for results of ABPLAs, corresponding histopathologic results and available clinical follow-up, along with their statistical analysis was completed.

Results:
After reviewing our electronic medical records, we found that 893 ABPLAs for pigmented lesions concerning for melanoma were obtained in a period of 14 months. Of the 893 ABPLAs completed, 161 biopsies and excisions were performed after the initial results of these assays. Additional clinical follow-up data were recorded and used for the statistical analysis of the performance and accuracy of this test.

Limitations:
The small number of lesions reported as low risk for melanoma with corresponding histopathologic results limits our evaluation of the performance of this test. In addition, there may have been some melanomas that were not identified because the duration of the clinical follow-up was insufficient or because some patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion:
In our experience this ABPLA has a sensitivity of 92.0%, a specificity of 79.5%, a positive predictive value of 16.9%, and a negative predictive value of 99.5% for the detection of melanoma.
Hookworm Folliculitis: Report of Two Cases of Cutaneous Larva Migrans With Histologically Identified Follicular Involvement
Authors: Soto-Moreno Alberto , Muñoz-Barba Daniel , Martín-Torregrosa Daniel , Ramos-Pleguezuelos Francisco Manuel , Santos-Briz Ángel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is an ectoparasitic infestation predominantly caused by nematodes, specifically Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma caninum, found in tropical and subtropical regions. Although follicular involvement by the parasite is a rare manifestation, with approximately 20 cases reported in the English literature, its pathogenesis remains underexplored. The present study reports 2 cases of CLM presenting with follicular involvement in patients with pruritic lesions following travel to subtropical areas. The first of them is a 32-year-old woman who developed an abdominal skin lesion subsequent to a trip to Thailand and the second is a 28-year-old woman who exhibited a knee lesion after a volunteer mission in Senegal. Histologic examination revealed characteristic features of CLM, such as nematode larvae traversing the hair follicle. The hookworm larvae were observed creating tunnels within the external root sheath. In addition, they were interfacing with the vitreous layer, sparing the perifollicular connective tissue sheath and the Henle layer, and approaching the vicinity of the hair bulb. The application of skin ultrasound to guide the biopsy facilitated the visualization and identification of the parasite within the follicle in the latter case. This study not only underscores follicular involvement in CLM but also provides insights into its anatomopathological presentation and spread through the hair follicle.
Superficial Wnt-Activated Melanocytic Nevi/Melanocytomas With a Junctional Component: A Case Series
Authors: Ng Spencer , Hall Katie C. , Busam Klaus J. , Lezcano Cecilia , Moy Andrea P. , Pulitzer Melissa , Sriharan Aravindhan , Yan Shaofeng , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
The conventional morphological characteristics of Wnt-activated deep penetrating/plexiform melanocytomas/nevi (DPN) are those of large spindled or epithelioid melanocytes with distinctive voluminous amphophilic cytoplasm, fine pigmented granules, and surrounding melanophages. The central molecular hallmark is the activation of the Wnt-pathway predominantly driven by mutations in the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) gene. Although typically lacking a junctional component, a lesser-known superficial variant with a junctional component has been identified, which could potentially lead to diagnostic challenges. This study presents a cohort of 11 such cases displaying a junctional component of DPN from 10 patients (5 women and 5 men; age range: 27–78 years; median age: 51 years). The nevi were distributed as follows: 1 conjunctival, 1 scalp, 2 lower limb, and 6 truncal lesions. Eight cases were combined with a conventional nevus, 2 cases displayed pure DPN cytology exhibiting only a junctional element, and 9 cases exhibited some degree of lentiginous architecture. All cases demonstrated a low mitotic index (<1 mitosis/mm2). Immunohistochemistry revealed positive BRAF V600E staining in 8 cases (8/11), whereas all cases tested (11/11) were PRAME negative. Nuclear beta-catenin and LEF1 staining was consistently strong and diffuse with DPN cytology (11/11), along with robust cyclin D1 staining in all cases tested (11/11). By contrast, all 9 conventional nevi showed an absence of nuclear beta-catenin staining (0/9) and weaker, mosaic-type LEF1 and cyclin D1 staining was observed. This study emphasizes the diagnostic challenge these nevi can pose in the absence of a conventional, deeper DPN component, which can potentially be misdiagnosed as melanoma.