bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-3 Maintains Activation of the p90S6K/RPS6 Pathway and Increases Translation in Human Eosinophils
Authors: Esnault Stephane , Kelly Elizabeth A. B. , Shen Zhong-Jian , Johansson Mats W. , Malter James S. , Jarjour Nizar N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
IL-5 is a major therapeutic target to reduce eosinophilia. However, all of the eosinophil-activating cytokines, such as IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF, are typically present in atopic diseases, including allergic asthma. As a result of the functional redundancy of these three cytokines on eosinophils and the loss of IL-5R on airway eosinophils, it is important to take IL-3 and GM-CSF into account to efficiently reduce tissue eosinophil functions. Moreover, these three cytokines signal through a common β-chain receptor but yet differentially affect protein production in eosinophils. Notably, the increased ability of IL-3 to induce the production of proteins, such as semaphorin-7A, without affecting mRNA levels suggests a unique influence of IL-3 on translation. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms by which IL-3 distinctively affects eosinophil function compared with IL-5 and GM-CSF, with a focus on protein translation. Peripheral blood eosinophils were used to study intracellular signaling and protein translation in cells activated with IL-3, GM-CSF, or IL-5. We establish that, unlike GM-CSF or IL-5, IL-3 triggers prolonged signaling through activation of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) and the upstream kinase 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90S6K). Blockade of p90S6K activation inhibited phosphorylation of RPS6 and IL-3–enhanced semaphorin-7A translation. Furthermore, in an allergen-challenged environment, in vivo phosphorylation of RPS6 and p90S6K was enhanced in human airway compared with circulating eosinophils. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying differential activation of eosinophils by IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5. These observations identify IL-3 and its downstream intracellular signals as novel targets that should be considered to modulate eosinophil functions.
DNA Methylation Regulates the Differential Expression of CX3CR1 on Human IL-7Rαlow and IL-7Rαhigh Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells with Distinct Migratory Capacities to the Fractalkine
Authors: Shin Min Sun , You Sungyong , Kang Youna , Lee Naeun , Yoo Seung-Ah , Park Kieyoung , Kang Ki Soo , Kim Sang Hyun , Mohanty Subhasis , Shaw Albert C. , Montgomery Ruth R. , Hwang Daehee , Kang Insoo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene expression in mammalian cells including T cells. Memory T cells are heterogeneous populations. Human effector memory (EM) CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood contain two cell subsets with distinct traits that express low and high levels of the IL-7Rα. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in defining such cellular traits are largely unknown. In this study, we use genome-wide DNA methylation and individual gene expression to show the possible role of DNA methylation in conferring distinct traits of chemotaxis and inflammatory responses in human IL-7Rαlow and IL-7Rαhigh EM CD8+ T cells. In particular, IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells had increased expression of CX3CR1 along with decreased DNA methylation in the CX3CR1 gene promoter compared with IL-7Rαhigh EM CD8+ T cells. Altering the DNA methylation status of the CX3CR1 gene promoter changed its activity and gene expression. IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells had an increased migratory capacity to the CX3CR1 ligand fractalkine compared with IL-7Rαhigh EM CD8+ T cells, suggesting an important biological outcome of the differential expression of CX3CR1. Moreover, IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells induced fractalkine expression on endothelial cells by producing IFN-γ and TNF-α, forming an autocrine amplification loop. Overall, our study shows the role of DNA methylation in generating unique cellular traits in human IL-7Rαlow and IL-7Rαhigh EM CD8+ T cells, including differential expression of CX3CR1, as well as potential biological implications of this differential expression.
Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Constitutive and TGF-β1–Dependent Profibrotic Activity in Human Lung Myofibroblasts
Authors: Roach Katy M. , Feghali-Bostwick Carol A. , Amrani Yassine , Bradding Peter 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, progressive, and invariably lethal interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. The key cell driving the development of fibrosis is the myofibroblast. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory lipid, important in the resolution of inflammation, and it has potential antifibrotic activity. However, the effects of LXA4 on primary human lung myofibroblasts (HLMFs) have not previously been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of LXA4 on TGF-β1–dependent responses in IPF- and nonfibrotic control (NFC)–derived HLMFs. HLMFs were isolated from IPF and NFC patients and grown in vitro. The effects of LXA4 on HLMF proliferation, collagen secretion, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, and Smad2/3 activation were examined constitutively and following TGF-β1 stimulation. The LXA4 receptor (ALXR) was expressed in both NFC- and IPF-derived HLMFs. LXA4 (10−10 and 10−8 mol) reduced constitutive αSMA expression, actin stress fiber formation, contraction, and nuclear Smad2/3, indicating regression from a myofibroblast to fibroblast phenotype. LXA4 also significantly inhibited FBS-dependent proliferation and TGF-β1–dependent collagen secretion, αSMA expression, and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation in IPF-derived HLMFs. LXA4 did not inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation. In summary, LXA4 attenuated profibrotic HLMF activity and promoted HLMF regression to a quiescent fibroblast phenotype. LXA4 or its stable analogs delivered by aerosol may offer a novel approach to the treatment of IPF.
Cutting Edge: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Common Lymphoid Progenitor Depletion Require Hematopoietic-Derived, Cell-Autonomous TLR4 in a Model of Chronic Endotoxin
Authors: Liu Ailing , Wang Yujuan , Ding Ying , Baez Ineavely , Payne Kimberly J. , Borghesi Lisa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells (HSPCs) are activated through TLR4 in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether in vivo TLR4 sensing by HSPCs occurs directly or via other cell intermediates. In this study, we examined the cellular mechanisms underlying murine hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) depletion in a model of chronic low-dose LPS. Using adoptive-transfer approaches, we show that HSC and CLP sensitivity to chronic LPS depends on hematopoietic-derived, cell subset–autonomous TLR4. Like murine progenitors, human HSPCs are activated by TLR4 in vitro. Using humanized mice, a preclinical model relevant to human physiology, we show that persistent endotoxin increases the frequency of Ki-67+ HSCs and severely depletes CLPs and B precursors. Together, our findings show that murine HSPCs directly respond to endotoxin in vivo and that persistent LPS, a feature of several diseases of global health significance, impairs human lymphopoiesis.
First observations, trends, and emissions of HCFC‐31 (CH2ClF) in the global atmosphere
Authors: Schoenenberger Fabian , Vollmer Martin K. , Rigby Matt , Hill Matthias , Fraser Paul J. , Krummel Paul B. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Rhee Tae Siek , Peter Thomas , Reimann Stefan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the first multiyear atmospheric record of HCFC‐31 (CH2ClF), based on flask samples and in situ analyses of air from both hemispheres. Although HCFC‐31 has never been produced in large amounts, observed mole fractions in the Northern Hemisphere increased from 2000 onward, reaching 170 ppq (parts per quadrillion, 10−15) in 2011–2012 before decreasing rapidly. By combining our observations with a two‐dimensional atmospheric chemistry‐transport model, we infer an increase in global emissions from 240 t yr−1 in 2000 to 840 t yr−1 in 2011–2012, followed by a relatively fast decline to 570 t yr−1 in 2014. Emissions of HCFC‐31 originate most probably from intermediate product release during the manufacturing process of HFC‐32 (CH2F2). The rapid decline in recent years could be due to changes in production methods rather than declines in diffusive sources such as landfills or HCFC‐31 contaminations in merchandised HFC‐32.
Dynamic SEP event probability forecasts
Authors: Kahler S. W. , Ling A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe forecasting of solar energetic particle (SEP) event probabilities at Earth has been based primarily on the estimates of magnetic free energy in active regions and on the observations of peak fluxes and fluences of large (≥ M2) solar X‐ray flares. These forecasts are typically issued for the next 24 h or with no definite expiration time, which can be deficient for time‐critical operations when no SEP event appears following a large X‐ray flare. It is therefore important to decrease the event probability forecast with time as a SEP event fails to appear. We use the NOAA listing of major (≥10 pfu) SEP events from 1976 to 2014 to plot the delay times from X‐ray peaks to SEP threshold onsets as a function of solar source longitude. An algorithm is derived to decrease the SEP event probabilities with time when no event is observed to reach the 10 pfu threshold. In addition, we use known SEP event size distributions to modify probability forecasts when SEP intensity increases occur below the 10 pfu event threshold. An algorithm to provide a dynamic SEP event forecast, Pd, for both situations of SEP intensities following a large flare is derived.
General Characteristics of the Cyanobacteria
Authors: Castenholz Richard W. 
Published: August 2015

Apart from sharing the basic cellular features of otherBacteria, the cyanobacteria possess unique and diagnostic characteristics that will be briefly described here, but less extensively than in the 1989 edition ofBergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The cell wall in cyanobacteria is of a Gram‐negative type. Cell division in most unicellular and colonial cyanobacteria and some filamentous forms is by binary fission. Regarding cell exterior and motility, fimbriae (or pili) occur abundantly with diverse patterns in many cyanobacteria. Although not all thylakoids in cyanobacteria appear to be invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, there are orderly “attachment points” or “thylakoid centers” associated with the periphery of the cytoplasm or the cytoplasmic membrane. In the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria there are many other components and “inclusions”, most of which can be visualized readily using various preparative techniques for transmission electron microscopy. They include glycogen granules, cyanophycin granules, carboxysomes (polyhedral bodies), polyphosphate (volutin) granules, and gas vacuoles. Heterocysts, akinetes, and hormogonia are some of the specialized cells and differentiation in Cyanobacteria. The chief physiological/biochemical characteristic of cyanobacteria, distinguishing them from all other procaryotes, is the dual photosystem that allows the use of H2O as photoreductant with the consequent liberation of O2. Two courses for the delimitation of genera have been followed by cyanobacterial specialists: (a) to retain “small” genera or (b) to gather many species into fewer genera.Cyanobacteria / General Characteristics of the Cyanobacteria
Mollicutes
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , May Meghan , Bradbury Janet M. , Johansson Karl‐Erik 
Published: August 2015

Mol'li.cutes or Mol.li.cu'tes. L. adj.mollissoft, pliable; L. fem. n.cutisskin; N.L. fem. pl. n.Mollicutesclass with pliable cell boundary.Tenericutes / Mollicutes
Robust adaptive consensus tracking for higher‐order multi‐agent uncertain systems with nonlinear dynamics via distributed intermittent communication protocol
Authors: Wang Bohui , Wang Jingcheng , Zhang Langwen , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis paper considers the robust adaptive consensus tracking for higher‐order multi‐agent uncertain systems with nonlinear dynamics via distributed intermittent communication protocol. The main contribution of this work is solving the robust consensus tracking problem without the assumption that the topology among followers is strongly connected and fixed. The focus is the problem of actuator with occasional failure inputs and communication resources constraints. A novel distributed intermittent communication framework is proposed via adaptive approach. In this framework, the underlying communication topologies switch among several directed graphs with a limited directed spanning tree rooted at a leader agent. Furthermore, by introducing a strategy of actuator fault compensation inputs, a combination of robust consensus tracking protocol is designed by the different adaptive feedback controllers. It is proved that the robust adaptive consensus tracking can be achieved by using local states information of neighboring agents if the communication retention rate condition is satisfied. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformable Peptide Nanocarriers for Expeditious Drug Release and Effective Cancer Therapy via Cancer‐Associated Fibroblast Activation
Authors: Ji Tianjiao , Zhao Ying , Ding Yanping , Wang Jing , Zhao Ruifang , Lang Jiayan , Qin Hao , Liu Xiaoman , Shi Jian , Tao Ning , Qin Zhihai , Nie Guangjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel cleavable amphiphilic peptide (CAP) was designed to be specifically responsive to fibroblast activation protein‐α (FAP‐α), a protease specifically expressed on the surface of cancer‐associated fibroblasts. The CAP self‐assembled into fiber‐like nanostructures in solution, while the presence of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs readily transformed the assemblies into drug‐loaded spherical nanoparticles. The disassembly of these nanoparticles (CAP‐NPs) upon FAP‐α cleavage resulted in rapid and efficient release of the encapsulated drugs specifically at tumor sites. This Transformers‐like drug delivery strategy could allow them to disrupt the stromal barrier and enhance local drug accumulation. Therapeutic results suggested that drug‐loaded CAP‐NPs hold promising tumor specificity and therapeutic efficacy for various solid tumor models, confirming its potential utility and versatility in antitumor therapy.
LAS: A programming language and development environment for learning matrix structural analysis
Authors: Paultre Patrick , Lapointe Eric , Carbonneau Charles , Proulx Jean 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents language for the analysis of structures (LAS). It is a development environment and a high‐level language for learning matrix structural analysis, dynamics of structures, and the finite element method. LAS is a flexible learning environment in which users list pre‐programmed commands in the right order to solve finite element static and dynamic problems. In addition to structural analysis commands, the language also includes powerful operators, conditional expressions, loop expressions, and several functions (matrix manipulations, linear algebra, direct stiffness assembly, modal analysis, time domain dynamic analysis, frequency domain dynamic analysis). The LAS environment includes an editor used to list the commands, a matrix manager, a graphics post‐processor, and a Fourier‐analysis tool. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:89–100, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21675
Numerical Simulation of Wetting Phenomena with a Phase‐Field Method Using OpenFOAM®
Authors: Cai Xuan , Marschall Holger , Wörner Martin , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe phase‐field method coupled with the Navier‐Stokes equations is a rather new approach for scale‐resolving numerical simulation of interfacial two‐phase flows. The intention is to implement it as finite‐volume method in the open source library for computational continuum mechanics OpenFOAM® and make it freely available. An overview on the governing equations is given and the numerical method is shortly discussed. The focus is on application and validation of the code for some fundamental wetting phenomena, namely the capillary rise in a narrow channel and the spreading of a droplet on a flat surface, which is chemically homogeneous or regularly patterned. The numerical results on static meshes agree well with analytical solutions and experimental/numerical results from literature. Also, first 3D finite‐volume simulations with adaptive mesh refinement near the interface are presented as a key element to achieve CPU‐time efficient simulations.
Williamson Ether Synthesis with Phenols at a Tertiary Stereogenic Carbon: Formal Enantioselective Phenoxylation of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka , Kotozaki Manato , Sasaki Nozomi , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Iwasa Seiji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe enantioselective formation of α‐aryloxy‐β‐keto esters is described for the first time. Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective chlorination of β‐keto esters and subsequent SN2 reactions with phenols yielded α‐aryloxy‐β‐keto esters with up to 96 % ee. Favorskii rearrangement of α‐chloro‐β‐keto esters was also found to give 1,2‐diesters with slightly reduced enantiopurity.
A Remarkably Simple Hybrid Surfactant–NHC Ligand, Its Gold‐Complex, and Application in Micellar Catalysis
Authors: Rühling Andreas , Galla Hans‐Joachim , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA combination of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and a structurally simple surfactant has been realized, the hybrid surfactant–NHC. The related gold complex was synthesized, fully characterized, and applied in catalysis. This remarkably simple strategy allows, in combination with a co‐surfactant, the application of gold catalysis in water.
Visualisierung der Partikelbewegung in einem Abweiseradsichter
Authors: Stender Mathias , Legenhausen Kurt , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTrotz seiner großen Verbreitung und seiner enormen Bedeutung für die Trockenklassierung von Feinstpulvern ist der Abweiseradsichter hinsichtlich der Prozesse am Sichtrad in wesentlichen Punkten noch weitgehend unverstanden. Daher wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Sichtkorb eines Abweiseradsichters durch Umbau optisch zugänglich gemacht. Die aufgenommenen Bilder ermöglichen erstmals eine direkte Beobachtung der Gasströmung und der Partikelbewegung zwischen den Sichtradschaufeln. Insbesondere konnte die Bedeutung von Partikel/Partikel‐ und Partikel/Sichtradschaufel‐Stößen gezeigt werden.
Szenariobasierte Bewertung der Zukunftsrelevanz von Nachhaltigkeitstechnologien
Authors: Berner Simon H. , Dönitz Ewa J. , Westhofen Aline , Moller Björn P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEin Ansatz zum nachhaltigen Umgang mit den begrenzten globalen Ressourcen ist, mittels technologischer Lösungen Rohstoffe im Wirtschaftskreislauf zu halten. Neben der technologischen Machbarkeit und Ausgestaltung der Technologie stellt sich auch die Frage nach ihrer Relevanz in der Zukunft. Zur Einschätzung dieser künftigen Relevanz wurden drei plausible Szenarien entwickelt, die unterschiedliche künftige Entwicklungen auf globaler Ebene und im Bereich der Ressourceneffizienz beschreiben. Durch den strukturierten Prozess der Szenarienerstellung, der sowohl auf externem Wissen als auch auf dem Austausch mit den Technologieentwicklern basierte, wurden zukünftige Potenziale, Chancen und Risiken für sechs Recyclingtechnologien aufgezeigt.
Experimentelle Bestimmung von Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust in Multiportflachrohren
Authors: Bastuck Holger , Piesche Manfred , Mitrovic Jovan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPräsentiert werden Messungen zum Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust an drei glatten Multiportflachohren mit kleinen hydraulischen Durchmessern < 1 mm bei einphasiger Strömung (Heptan) und Strömung mit Kondensation (Kältemittel R134a). Die für die Untersuchungen aufgebauten Prüfstände sind mit innovativen Messaufbauten für die Bestimmung der entstehenden Kondensatmenge und für die Erfassung der Kältemittel‐ und Rohrwandtemperatur ausgestattet. Die Messwerte für das Rohr mit dem kleinsten hydraulischen Durchmesser zeigen, dass die Annahme einer Leistungssteigerung bei Verkleinerung des hydraulischen Durchmessers nicht unbegrenzt gilt.
Detect Long‐term Complications After ICD Replacement (DECODE): Rationale and Study Design of a Multicenter Italian Registry
Authors: Diemberger Igor , Parisi Quintino , De Filippo Paolo , Narducci Maria Lucia , Zanon Francesco , Potenza Domenico Rosario , Ciaramitaro Gianfranco , Malacrida Maurizio , Boriani Giuseppe , Biffi Mauro 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe replacement of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) may give rise to considerable clinical consequences, the importance of which is underrated by the medical community. Replacement‐related adverse events are difficult to identify and require monitoring of both short‐term complications and long‐term patient outcome. The aim of this study is to perform a structured evaluation of both short‐ and long‐term adverse events and a cost analysis of consecutive ICD replacement procedures. Detect Long‐term Complications After ICD Replacement (DECODE) is a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter cohort study designed to estimate long‐term complication rates (at 12 months and 5 years) in patients undergoing ICD generator replacement. The study will also evaluate predictors of complications, patient management before and during the replacement procedure in clinical practice, and the costs related to use of health care resources. About 800 consecutive patients with standard indications for ICD generator replacement will be enrolled in this study. The decision to undertake generator replacement/upgrade will be made according to the investigators' own judgment (which will be recorded). Patients will be followed for 60 months through periodic in‐hospital examinations or remote monitoring. Detailed data on complications related to ICD replacement in current clinical practice are still lacking. The analysis of adverse events will reveal the value of new preventive strategies, thereby yielding both clinical and economic benefits. Moreover, assessment of complication rates after ICD replacement in a real‐life setting will help estimate the actual long‐term cost of ICD therapy and assess the real impact of increasing ICD longevity on cost‐effectiveness.
Energy‐efficient big data storage and retrieval for wireless sensor networks with nonuniform node distribution
Authors: Xu Jinhai , Guo Songtao , Xiao Bin , He Jing 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDistributed data‐centric storage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is considered as a promising big data storage approach, because it contributes to reducing the communication overhead inside the networks. However, most of the existing distributed methods rely on locating systems, which consume more energy, and assume that sensors are uniformly distributed, which is clearly not applicable for the scenarios with nonuniform sensor distribution. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a big data storage and retrieval algorithm for WSNs with nonuniform node distribution, which aims at estimating the real distribution and the addresses of sensor nodes. In particular, we consider the data redundancy among neighbor nodes in the proposed algorithm and exploit a simple routing based on the algorithm. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms other approaches in terms of data querying efficiency and data loss rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.