bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication between L–galactono–1,4–lactone dehydrogenase and cytochrome c
Authors: Hervás Manuel , Bashir Qamar , Leferink Nicole G. H. , Ferreira Patricia , Moreno‐Beltrán Blas , Westphal Adrie H. , Dίaz–Moreno Irene , Medina Milagros , de la Rosa Miguel A. , Ubbink Marcellus , Navarro José A. , van Berkel Willem J. H. 
Published: February 2013

l‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase (GALDH) catalyzes the terminal step of vitamin C biosynthesis in plant mitochondria. Here we investigated the communication between Arabidopsis thaliana GALDH and its natural electron acceptor cytochrome c (Cc). Using laser‐generated radicals we observed the formation and stabilization of the GALDH semiquinone anionic species (GALDHSQ). GALDHSQ oxidation by Cc exhibited a nonlinear dependence on Cc concentration consistent with a kinetic mechanism involving protein–partner association to form a transient bimolecular complex prior to the electron transfer step. Oxidation of GALDHSQ by Cc was significantly impaired at high ionic strength, revealing the existence of attractive charge–charge interactions between the two reactants. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that GALDH weakly interacts with both oxidized and reduced Cc. Chemical shift perturbations for 1H and 15N nuclei of Cc, arising from the interactions with unlabeled GALDH, were used to map the interacting surface of Cc. For Arabidopsis Cc and yeast Cc, similar residues are involved in the interaction with GALDH. These residues are confined to a single surface surrounding the heme edge. The range of chemical shift perturbations for the physiological Arabidopsis Cc–GALDH complex is larger than that of the non‐physiological yeast Cc–GALDH complex, indicating that the former complex is more specific. In summary, the results point to a relatively low affinity GALDH–Cc interaction, similar for all partner redox states, involving protein–protein dynamic motions. Evidence is also provided that Cc utilizes a conserved surface surrounding the heme edge for the interaction with GALDH and other redox partners.DatabaseNMR assignment of the backbone amide resonances of Arabidopsis CcRED has been deposited in BMRB database (BMRB accession number 18828). L‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase (L‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone: ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.2.3)
The Calendar Structure of the Japanese Stock Market: The ‘Sell in May Effect’ versus the ‘Dekansho‐bushi Effect’
Authors: Sakakibara Shigeki , Yamasaki Takashi , Okada Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report on a seasonal pattern that has persisted in the Japanese stock market for more than half a century: Mean stock returns are significantly positive for months during the first half of the calendar year and significantly negative for months during the second half. Dubbed the Dekansho‐bushi effect, this seasonality is independent of other known calendar anomalies, such as the so‐called January effect. The Dekansho‐bushi effect should be distinguished from the ‘sell in May effect,’ because Japanese stocks perform well in June and poorly in November and December. The Dekansho‐bushi effect varies in magnitude among firms and is particularly significant among small firms with high book‐to‐market ratios. Nonetheless, the effect exists, regardless of a company's size or book‐to‐market ratio.
Outcomes of Planned Home Births Attended by Certified Nurse‐Midwives in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 1983‐2008
Authors: Cox Kim J. , Schlegel Ruth , Payne Pat , Teaf Dusty , Albers Leah 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionIn this study, we examined the perinatal outcomes of planned home births over a 25‐year period (1983‐2008) in a group of primarily Amish women (98%) attended by certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) in southeastern Pennsylvania.MethodsThis was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of data (N = 1836 births) from several CNM practices. Data were abstracted for 25 items, including demographics, labor, and birth. Initially, 2 investigators abstracted 15 records to compare assessments and standardize definitions. Charts were then divided and abstracted individually by one investigator. Several relationships were examined in 2 by 2 tables using the chi‐square procedure for the difference in proportions. Maternal and newborn transfers to the hospital were included in the analysis.ResultsOf the women who planned home birth for 1836 pregnancies, 1733 of the births occurred at home. Although more than one‐third of the women were of high parity (gravida 5‐13), rates of postpartum hemorrhage were low (n = 96, 5.5%). There were no maternal deaths. Nearly half of the maternal transfers to the hospital (n = 103, 5.6%) were for ruptured membranes without labor (n = 25, 1.4%) and/or failure to progress (n = 23, 1.3%). The neonatal hospital admission rate also was low (n = 13, 0.75%). Of the 7 (0.4%) early neonatal deaths, all were attributed to lethal congenital anomalies that are common to this population.DiscussionThis study is the first to describe the outcomes of planned home births in a primarily Amish population cared for by CNMs. It also adds to the literature on planned home births in the United States and supports the findings from previous studies that women who have home births attended by CNMs have safety profiles equal to or better than profiles of women who had hospital births in similar populations.
Salt (sodium chloride) content of retail samples of Nigerian white bread: implications for the daily salt intake of normotensive and hypertensive adults
Authors: Nwanguma B. C. , Okorie C. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundBread has been identified as a major contributor to the excessive salt (sodium chloride) intake of consumers in many countries, some of which have very high incidences of hypertension and related cardiovascular complications, such as stroke. This has prompted a global rise in interest in the salt content of breads produced and consumed in many other countries.MethodsThe sodium contents of retail samples of 100 brands of Nigerian white bread were determined by photometry with a view to estimating the relative contribution of bread to the recommended daily sodium intake of both normotensive and hypertensive adults in the country.ResultsThe salt content of the bread samples varied extensively, ranging from 0.51 g per 100 g (0.51%) to 1.8 g per 100 g (1.8%). The average salt content was 1.36 g per 100 g. Based on an estimated consumption of six slices of bread (about 180 g) per meal of bread, this equates to a daily intake of between 0.99 g and 3.33 g of salt from bread alone. This represents between 19.8% and 66.6% of the recommended daily allowance of 5 g for normotensive adults, and between 24.75% and 83.25% of the recommended daily allowance of 4 g for hypertensive adults.ConclusionsThe consumption of some brands of bread by normotensive and hypertensive adults puts them at great risk of exceeding their recommended daily allowance for salt. Thus, there is an urgent need to regulate the amount of salt added to bread. In the interim, compelling bakers to declare the salt content of their products on the packaging could help consumers, especially hypertensive adults, avoid brands with a high salt content.
The role of angiogenin in pT1‐T2 tongue carcinoma neo‐angiogenesis and cell proliferation: an exploratory study
Authors: Marioni Gino , Staffieri Alberto , Fasanaro Elena , Stramare Roberto , Giacomelli Luciano , Bernardi Elena , Val Matteo , Stellini Edoardo , de Filippis Cosimo , Blandamura Stella 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAngiogenin (ANG) is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily and of medical interest largely because it supports the growth of primary and metastatic malignancies. This study is the first to investigate the potential role of ANG in tongue carcinoma neo‐angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation.MethodsAngiogenin expression (in carcinoma cells and endothelial intratumor vessel cells), CD105‐assessed micro‐vessel density (MVD), and MIB‐1 expression were correlated with prognostic parameters in 28 primarily consecutively operated pT1‐T2 tongue carcinomas (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Whenever feasible, a computer‐based image analysis system was used for the immunohistochemical reaction analysis.ResultsNo significant correlations emerged between ANG expression in the tongue carcinoma cells or endothelial intratumor vessel cells and tongue SCC recurrence rate or disease‐free survival (DFS). ANG expression was also unrelated to CD105‐assessed MVD or MIB‐1 expression. Conversely, CD105‐assessed MVD correlated directly with recurrence rate (P = 0.02) and DFS was significantly shorter in cases with CD105‐assessed MVD >167 micro‐vessels/mm2 than in those with CD105‐assessed MVD ≤167 micro‐vessels/mm2 (P = 0.042).ConclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that CD105‐assessed MVD would be a valuable parameter for predicting which patients with tongue SCC are at greatest risk of disease recurrence. Despite our study results, the role of ANG in tongue carcinoma warrants further investigation in larger series.
Osteopontin expression is an independent factor for poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a computer‐assisted analysis on TMA sections
Authors: Avirović Manuela , Matušan‐Ilijaš Koviljka , Damante Giuseppe , Fabrro Dora , Cerović Robert , Juretić Mirna , Grahovac Blaženka , Jonjić Nives , Lučin Ksenija 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionOsteopontin (OPN) is non‐collagenous extracellular matrix protein involved in various physiological and pathological events, including tumor progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to assess its prognostic significance.MethodsThe expression of OPN was immunohistochemicaly analyzed in 86 OSCC and compared with clinicopathological variable such as tumor size, nodal stage, WHO clinical stage, Ki‐67 proliferation index, and patients' outcome. OPN mRNA was analyzed using quantitative real‐time PCR and compared with protein OPN expression and clinical outcome in 18 OSCC samples.ResultsThe expression of OPN protein was found in OSCC tumor cells (t‐OPN) and various stromal cells (s‐OPN). High level of t‐OPN expression was associated with higher nodal stage (P = 0.045), higher WHO clinical stage (P = 0.033), and poor clinical outcome (P = 0.022). In multivariate analysis, t‐OPN emerged as an adverse independent factor for survival (P = 0.049). Although correlated with t‐OPN (P = 0.005), s‐OPN was not significantly associated with clinical parameters, including patients' outcome. Also, there was no association between OPN and clinical parameters at the mRNA level.ConclusionOPN is upregulated in tumor and stromal OSCC cells. Tumor cell–derived OPN is involved in tumor progression and can independently predict the clinical outcome. Stromal‐derived OPN probably has a different function compared with OPN secreted from tumor cells.
A Neuropsychological Model of Mentally Tough Behavior
Authors: Hardy Lew , Bell James , Beattie Stuart 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFour studies were conducted with two primary objectives: (a) to conceptualize and measure mental toughness from a behavioral perspective and (b) to apply relevant personality theory to the examination of between‐person differences in mentally tough behavior. Studies 1 (N = 305 participants from a range of different sports) and 2 (N = 110 high‐level cricketers) focused on the development of an informant‐rated mental toughness questionnaire that assessed individual differences in ability to maintain or enhance performance under pressure from a wide range of stressors. Studies 3 (N = 214) and 4 (N = 196) examined the relationship between reinforcement sensitivities and mentally tough behavior in high‐level cricketers. The highest levels of mental toughness reported by coaches occurred when cricketers were sensitive to punishment and insensitive to reward. Study 4 suggested that such players are predisposed to identify threatening stimuli early, which gives them the best possible opportunity to prepare an effective response to the pressurized environments they encounter. The findings show that high‐level cricketers who are punishment sensitive, but not reward sensitive, detect threat early and can maintain goal‐directed behavior under pressure from a range of different stressors.
Incidence and Severity of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli Infection of Sugarcane in Sao Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Urashima Alfredo S. , Marchetti Lauricema B. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSugarcane covers 8.53 million hectares with production of 596.63 million tonnes in Brazil. Despite its importance, little information is available on ratoon stunt (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli (Lxx). Our objective was to examine the incidence and severity of Lxx among sugarcane cultivars in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Sap from 100 stalks from each field was sent for a routine RSD analyses that allowed examination of Lxx incidence. The presence of bacterium was checked by dot blot enzyme immunoassay to detect its presence and relative concentration. Analyses of 187 fields from 35 cultivars in 2009, 166 fields from 33 cultivars in 2010 and 221 fields from 30 cultivars in 2011 found Lxx incidence of 23.6% of fields of 23 cultivars in 2009, 27.1% of fields of 15 cultivars in 2010 and 25.8% of fields of 15 cultivars in 2011. RB867515, the major cultivar in Sao Paulo, had within‐field incidence of up to 70% in 2009, 48% in 2010 and 88% in 2011. Highest incidence and populations of Lxx infection were found for cvs RB867515, RB855453, SP81‐3250, RB855536 and RB92579, demonstrating their susceptibility to RSD.
Enteric, hepatic and muscle tissue development of goat kids fed with lyophilized bovine colostrum
Authors: Moretti D. B. , Nordi W. M. , Lima A. L. , Pauletti P. , Machado‐Neto R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the development of the enteric, hepatic and muscle tissues in goat kids fed with lyophilized bovine colostrum in the transition period of passive immunity to early active immunity. At 0, 7 and 14 h of life, 15 male newborns received 5% of their body weight of lyophilized bovine colostrum and 14 male newborns received goat colostrum, both with 55 mg/ml of IgG. Samples of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and muscle were collected at 18, 36 and 96 h of life to quantify total protein, DNA and RNA contents. In the jejunum and ileum, the highest levels of total protein and higher protein/RNA ratio were observed at 18 h (p < 0.05). There were no differences in DNA contents in any intestinal segment (p > 0.05). At 96 h, maximum levels of RNA were observed in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05) and higher RNA/DNA ratio in the three intestinal segments (p < 0.05), showing increased ability to synthesize intracellular RNA and proteins. The LBC group showed higher protein content and higher protein/DNA and protein/RNA ratios in the jejunum, a higher DNA content in the liver (p < 0.05) and a higher protein/RNA ratio in the muscle tissue (p < 0.05). In the muscle, higher protein and DNA levels were also found at 96 h (p < 0.05). Indicators of cellular activity suggest greater absorption of proteins from lyophilized bovine colostrum and increased cell maturity in the enteric and muscle tissues in the first hours of goat kids' life.
Cognitive granularity: A new perspective over autistic and non‐autistic styles of development
Authors: Kozima Hideki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIndividuals with autism generally show better performance on operating physical objects than in communicating with people. However, we lack a plausible model of autism that explains why their physical and social capabilities develop in separate and unbalanced ways. This paper investigates this question from the viewpoint of “cognitive granularity,” which refers to the size of the basic elements operable in one's cognitive system. While it is constrained by one's perceptual and motor resolution, cognitive granularity determines the level of abstraction at which one can efficiently predict and control the physical and social world. Recent findings in autism research, including preference for causal predictability and abnormalities in neuroanatomical density, suggest that individuals with autism have finer cognitive granularity; they live in a different “Umwelt” from that which non‐autistic people experience. The difference in cognitive granularity explains not only autistic individuals' unbalanced development as well as their difficulty in understanding others' minds, but also the spectrum of developmental styles in the entire population. Finally, from this unified perspective, we also discuss possible therapeutic interventions for autism.
Independent associations between fatty acids and sleep quality among obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Papandreou Christopher 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships between gluteal adipose tissue fatty acids and sleep quality in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome after controlling for possible confounders. Sixty‐three patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome based on overnight attended polysomnography were included. Gluteal adipose tissue fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Zung Self‐rating Depression Scale. Saturated fatty acids were positively related to total sleep time, sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement sleep. Significant positive associations were found between polyunsaturated fatty acids and sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, n−3 fatty acids were positively associated with sleep efficiency, slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. This study revealed independent associations between certain gluteal adipose tissue fatty acids and sleep quality after controlling for age, gender, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome indices and Zung Self‐rating Depression Scale scores in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Adherence to PEG/ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C: prevalence, patterns, and predictors of missed doses and nonpersistence
Authors: Evon D. M. , Esserman D. A. , Bonner J. E. , Rao T. , Fried M. W. , Golin C. E. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAdherence to treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) maximizes treatment efficacy. Missed doses and failing to persist on treatment are two patient‐level processes that are rarely defined or analysed separately from other factors affecting treatment adherence. We evaluated the prevalence and patterns of missed doses and nonpersistence, and identified patient characteristics associated with these outcomes. Missed doses of ribavirin (RBV) and peginterferon (PEG), measured prospectively in Virahep‐C using electronic monitoring technology, were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Cox proportional hazards models analysed time to nonpersistence from baseline to week 24 (N = 401) and from week 24 to 48 in Responders (N = 242). Average proportion of PEG‐ and RBV‐missed doses increased over time from 5% to 15% and 7% to 27%, respectively. Patients who were younger, African‐American, unemployed, or unmarried were at greater risk of missing PEG from week 0 to 24; higher baseline depression predicted missing PEG from weeks 24 to 48. Patients who were younger or African‐American were more likely to miss daily RBV from weeks 0 to 24; and those without private insurance or employment were more likely to miss RBV from weeks 24 to 48. Fifty‐two patients failed to persist on treatment for patient–driven deviations. Predictors of nonpersistence from weeks 0 to 24 included younger age, lower education, public or no insurance, or worse baseline headaches. In conclusion, electronic monitoring and the prospective Virahep‐C design afforded a unique opportunity to evaluate missing doses and nonpersistence separately, and identify patients at risk of nonadherence. These processes will be important to investigate as the dosing schedules of antiviral regimens become increasingly complex.
Crouching variation revealed
Authors: Siegal Mark L. 
Published: February 2013

The term ‘phenotypic capacitance’ was introduced nearly 15 years ago to describe the strain‐specific effects of impairing Hsp90, a molecular chaperone, in the fly Drosophila melanogaster (Rutherford & Lindquist ). In one genetic background, Hsp90 depletion caused deformed eyes, whereas in other genetic backgrounds, the wings or abdomens or other aspects of morphology were affected. Hsp90 was therefore viewed as acting like a capacitor, allowing genetic differences to build up and to be released at a later time. In the years since, it has been debated whether capacitance is a laboratory curiosity or a major force in evolution. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Takahashi () presents evidence, from high‐resolution morphometric analysis of fly wings, that a large number of other capacitors exist in D. melanogaster, and that the variation they reveal can be quite subtle. His results advance our understanding of capacitance and contribute to a new view of its role in evolutionary adaptation.
Cospeciation vs host‐shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution
Authors: de Vienne D. M. , Refrégier G. , López‐Villavicencio M. , Tellier A. , Hood M. E. , Giraud T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryHosts and their symbionts are involved in intimate physiological and ecological interactions. The impact of these interactions on the evolution of each partner depends on the time‐scale considered. Short‐term dynamics – ‘coevolution’ in the narrow sense – has been reviewed elsewhere. We focus here on the long‐term evolutionary dynamics of cospeciation and speciation following host shifts. Whether hosts and their symbionts speciate in parallel, by cospeciation, or through host shifts, is a key issue in host–symbiont evolution. In this review, we first outline approaches to compare divergence between pairwise associated groups of species, their advantages and pitfalls. We then consider recent insights into the long‐term evolution of host–parasite and host–mutualist associations by critically reviewing the literature. We show that convincing cases of cospeciation are rare (7%) and that cophylogenetic methods overestimate the occurrence of such events. Finally, we examine the relationships between short‐term coevolutionary dynamics and long‐term patterns of diversification in host–symbiont associations. We review theoretical and experimental studies showing that short‐term dynamics can foster parasite specialization, but that these events can occur following host shifts and do not necessarily involve cospeciation. Overall, there is now substantial evidence to suggest that coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites do not favor long‐term cospeciation.ContentsSummary347I.Introduction348II.Origin of the cospeciation concept349III.Theoretical framework and methods for testing for cospeciation349IV.Studies of natural associations reveal the prevalence of host shifts355V.Relationship between host–symbiont coevolution and symbiont speciation378VI.Conclusion381Acknowledgements381References381Glossary379