bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Allium cepa comet assay for environmental sample assessment: a scoping review
Authors: Alias Carlotta , Zerbini Ilaria , Zani Claudia , Feretti Donatella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The purposes of this review were to investigate the application of the comet assay in Allium cepa root cells to assess the genotoxicity of environmental samples and to analyse the experimental procedures employed. A literature search was performed selecting articles published between January 2000 and October 2023 from online databases using the combined search terms ‘comet assay’ and ‘A. cepa’. Only 18 papers met the inclusion criteria. None of these were published in the first eight years (2000–2007), highlighting the increasing interest in using the comet assay on A. cepa to analyse environmental samples over the last decade. The majority of the selected studies (15/18, 83%) were performed on samples belonging to the water compartment on onion bulbs. Half of the selected studies (9/18) were conducted to demonstrate the DNA damaging effect of the sample, while the other half of the studies not only recognized the presence of genotoxic agents but also addressed possible remediation measures. Detailed analysis of the experimental procedures revealed heterogeneity in many key steps, such as exposure time, test controls, nuclei isolation solutions, duration of electrophoresis, and number of nuclei scored. This literature review has shown that the comet assay on A. cepa, although recognized as an appropriate tool, is underutilized in environmental toxicology. Greater standardization could lead to its more widespread use, providing valuable information on the genotoxicity of environmental samples and the ability of different processes to mitigate their negative effects on plants.
Limited Impact of Cannabidiol on Health-related Quality of Life of People With Long-term Controlled HIV: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Barré Tangui , Couton Clémence , Mourad Abbas , Carrieri Patrizia , Protopopescu Camelia , Klein Hélène , de Dieuleveult Barbara , Hocqueloux Laurent , Mollet Lucile , Prazuck Thierry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
People with HIV (PWH) with undetectable HIV viral load still have an impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonintoxicating cannabis-derived cannabinoid that holds promise for the treatment of many ailments. In the present study, we tested whether oral CBD-rich medication could significantly improve PWH's HRQoL.

Methods
Eighty participants with undetectable HIV viral load were randomized to either a placebo or full-spectrum CBD (1 mg/kg twice a day) arm for 12 weeks plus a 4-week follow-up period. HRQoL was assessed at baseline, week 12, and week 16 using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Primary outcomes were physical and mental component summary scores; secondary outcomes were the 8 SF-36 subscale scores. Treatment effects on outcomes were estimated using generalized estimating equations.

Results
We found no effect of CBD intake on the summary score for either component. However, CBD intake was associated with a higher physical functioning score at week 12 only (regression coefficient [95% confidence interval], 7.72 [0.55–14.89]; P = .035). No significant main effect of CBD intake on the other HRQoL subscale scores was observed. Furthermore, there was no difference in self-reported adverse effects between the 2 arms.

Conclusions
Twice-daily CBD full-spectrum oil at 1 mg/kg had no major effect on virologically suppressed PWH's HRQoL but had a positive effect on physical functioning. Further randomized controlled trials including PWH with lower baseline HRQoL are needed to confirm this finding.
Sequential therapy for hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer-associated renal cell carcinoma: a case report and report of a new family pedigree
Authors: Tsuboi Ichiro , Araki Momoko , Yokoyama Shuhei , Tanaka Gen , Mitani Kazutaka , Yosioka Saori , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nakajima Hirochika , Nagami Taichi , Ogawa Kohei , Koike Chiaki , Wada Koichiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. HLRCC is clinically characterized by the development of three tumors: uterine leiomyomata, cutaneous leiomyomata, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HLRCC-associated RCC is aggressive and diagnosed at a much earlier age than sporadic RCC. It is essential for carriers of HLRCC to undergo annual renal screening by magnetic resonance imaging to detect early stage RCCs. Metastatic HLRCC-associated RCC must be treated by systemic therapy; however, it is unclear which medicines are most effective in treating this cancer owing to its low incidence rate. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations or ICIs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors are administered as systemic therapy for clear cell RCC. Here, we report a patient with HLRCC-associated RCC treated with sequential therapy, including ipilimumab plus nivolumab combination and cabozantinib, after diagnosis of HLRCC-associated RCC using FoundationOne Liquid CDx and single-site analysis. We also investigated familial FH mutations and describe a new family pedigree for HLRCC.
Cracking the code: high ferritin load with Salmon-Colored skin episodes
Authors: Satyal Paraash , Sukhcharan Walia , Yakubov Neriy , Babu Benson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 37-year-old previously healthy male presented to the Emergency Department with a two-week history of intermittent fevers, joint pain, sore throat, and a diffuse salmon-colored rash. Examination revealed a pruritic rash with joint swelling and red spots in the oropharynx. Initial sepsis management was instituted, but subsequent investigations, including infectious, hematologic, and autoimmune workups, were inconclusive. Notably, elevated ferritin levels prompted consideration of life-threatening conditions like Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, which was ultimately ruled out. Adult-onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) emerged as the leading diagnosis following the exclusion of other potential causes. A skin biopsy was performed with non-specific findings and corticosteroid treatment led to significant improvement. This case illustrates the clinical decision-making process of diagnosing AOSD and highlights the potential utility of novel AI technology in dermatologic assessments.
Microhistory as Industrial History: Environment, Sugar Capitalism and Labour in Egypt, 1863–1879
Authors: Mestyan Adam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article argues that the microhistorical analysis of one specific industrial enterprise offers a useful perspective from which to study local participation in global industrialization and to unite business and environmental history. Using the example of the Daira Sanieh, a giant sugar holding in late Ottoman Egypt (the so-called ‘khedivate’), I map the economic logic of this non-sovereign polity and suggest that capturing capital was its rulers’ main priority. The article follows how Ismail Pasha, the khedive of Egypt, and his men looked for partners in trans-Mediterranean sugar capitalism, including even the establishment of a khedivial bank in Paris in 1870. It proceeds then to consider the problem of capturing human labour, necessitated by fire-engine sugar machines with increased processing capacity; and, drawing on the accountancy books of a single sugar factory, it discusses the Daira’s factories as the earliest pockets of high wage inequality in Africa. The conclusion poses the question whether this type of mechanization was a form of de-industrialization and suggests that global histories of capital can profit from industrial microhistory by considering how the interplay between non-sovereignty and industrialization hinders economic centralization.
EARLY NODULIN93 acts via cytochrome c oxidase to alter respiratory ATP production and root growth in plants
Authors: Lee Chun Pong , Le Xuyen H , Gawryluk Ryan M R , Casaretto José A , Rothstein Steven J , Millar A Harvey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
EARLY NODULIN 93 (ENOD93) has been genetically associated with biological nitrogen fixation in legumes and nitrogen use efficiency in cereals, but its precise function is unknown. We show that hidden Markov models define ENOD93 as a homolog of the N-terminal domain of RESPIRATORY SUPERCOMPLEX FACTOR 2 (RCF2). RCF2 regulates cytochrome oxidase (CIV), influencing the generation of a mitochondrial proton motive force in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Knockout of ENOD93 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) causes a short root phenotype and early flowering. ENOD93 is associated with a protein complex the size of CIV in mitochondria, but neither CIV abundance nor its activity changed in ruptured organelles of enod93. However, a progressive loss of ADP-dependent respiration rate was observed in intact enod93 mitochondria, which could be recovered in complemented lines. Mitochondrial membrane potential was higher in enod93 in a CIV-dependent manner, but ATP synthesis and ADP depletion rates progressively decreased. The respiration rate of whole enod93 seedlings was elevated, and root ADP content was nearly double that in wild type without a change in ATP content. We propose that ENOD93 and HYPOXIA-INDUCED GENE DOMAIN 2 (HIGD2) are the functional equivalent of yeast RCF2 but have remained undiscovered in many eukaryotic lineages because they are encoded by 2 distinct genes.
When Jack isn’t Jacques: Simultaneous opposite language-specific speech perceptual learning in French–English bilinguals
Authors: Caudrelier Tiphaine , Ménard Lucie , Beausoleil Marie-Michèle , Martin Clara D , Samuel Arthur G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humans are remarkably good at understanding spoken language, despite the huge variability of the signal as a function of the talker, the situation, and the environment. This success relies on having access to stable representations based on years of speech input, coupled with the ability to adapt to short-term deviations from these norms, e.g. accented speech or speech altered by ambient noise. In the last two decades, there has been a robust research effort focused on a possible mechanism for adjusting to accented speech. In these studies, listeners typically hear 15 – 20 words in which a speech sound has been altered, creating a short-term deviation from its longer-term representation. After exposure to these items, listeners demonstrate “lexically driven phonetic recalibration”—they alter their categorization of speech sounds, expanding a speech category to take into account the recently heard deviations from their long-term representations. In the current study, we investigate such adjustments by bilingual listeners. French–English bilinguals were first exposed to nonstandard pronunciations of a sound (/s/ or /f/) in one language and tested for recalibration in both languages. Then, the exposure continued with both the original type of mispronunciation in the same language, plus mispronunciations in the other language, in the opposite direction. In a final test, we found simultaneous recalibration in opposite directions for the two languages—listeners shifted their French perception in one direction and their English in the other: Bilinguals can maintain separate adjustments, for the same sounds, when a talker's speech differs across two languages.
Understanding the limits of binary diffusion for enhanced clay barrier design
Authors: Im Jooyoung , Santamarina J Carlos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Waste containment and isolation strategies often utilize bentonite as a buffer material due to its swelling capacity, sealing efficiency, low permeability, and limited diffusive transport. However, previous experimental studies of ionic diffusion through bentonite have shown discrepancies with binary diffusion assumptions. Meticulous experiments and complementary analyses reveal that the migration of preexisting ions in the medium enables the differential flux of diffusing anions and cations, while maintaining local electroneutrality in all cases. The separation between the cationic and anionic fronts is electrically tied to the motion of the preexisting ions and reflects the interplay between valence, concentration, and self-diffusion coefficients of the ions involved. Imposing binary diffusion conditions forces the faster anions to diffuse at the same rate as cations. Therefore, effective barriers to mitigate both cation and anion transport should have low surface charge and low excess salts to minimize the preexisting ionic concentration.
Cerebral microvascular changes in healthy carriers of the APOE-ɛ4 Alzheimer's disease risk gene
Authors: Aamand Rasmus , Rasmussen Peter M , Andersen Katrine Schilling , de Paoli Stine , Weitzberg Eddie , Christiansen Michael , Lund Torben E , Østergaard Leif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
APOE-ɛ4 is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and with microvascular changes that limit the transport of oxygen from blood into brain tissue: reduced microvascular cerebral blood volume and high relative transit time heterogeneity (RTH). Healthy APOE-ɛ4 carriers reveal brain regions with elevated CBF compared with carriers of the common ɛ3 allele. Such asymptomatic hyperemia may reflect microvascular dysfunction: a vascular disease entity characterized by suboptimal tissue oxygen uptake, rather than limited blood flow per se. Here, we used perfusion MRI to show that elevated regional CBF is accompanied by reduced capillary blood volume in healthy APOE-ɛ4 carriers (carriers) aged 30–70 years compared with similarly aged APOE-ɛ3 carriers (noncarriers). Younger carriers have elevated hippocampal RTH and more extreme RTH values throughout both white matter (WM) and cortical gray matter (GM) compared with noncarriers. Older carriers have reduced WM CBF and more extreme GM RTH values than noncarriers. Across all groups, lower WM and hippocampal RTH correlate with higher educational attainment, which is associated with lower AD risk. Three days of dietary nitrate supplementation increased carriers' WM CBF but caused older carriers to score worse on two of six aggregate neuropsychological scores. The intervention improved late recall in younger carriers and in noncarriers. The APOE-ɛ4 gene is associated with microvascular changes that may impair tissue oxygen extraction. We speculate that vascular risk factor control is particularly important for APOE-ɛ4 carriers' healthy aging.
‘Fund people, not projects’: From narrative CVs to lotteries in science funding policy
Authors: Shaw Jamie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There has been a recent increase in attention toward the proper targets of evaluation in science funding policy. Specifically, some claim that we should ‘fund people, not projects’ to allow for increased autonomy for researchers. Critics argue that this movement unduly opens room for biases against several marginalized groups of scientists. In this paper, I contribute to this discussion by accomplishing a few related tasks. First, I analyze the idea of ‘funding people, not projects’ and show that it actually suggests multiple positions. Second, I propose a mechanism for evaluating researchers through narrative CVs. Finally, I respond to critics by showing that we should shift the goalposts from debiasing peer review to arrangements of science funding policies that are debiasing as a whole. In doing so, I hope to clarify and assess the movement, while pointing to ways forward.
Recognising Palestinian Refugees: Applicability of Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention in Turkey
Authors: Bülbül Hasan Basri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The special international regime for Palestinian refugees established by Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention has yet to receive sufficient attention in Turkish asylum literature. Although Turkish law has incorporated Article 1D, neither scholars nor practitioners have pushed for its implementation. This research contends that Palestinians should be recognised as refugees in Turkey. Despite Turkey only granting refugee status to individuals from Europe due to the Convention’s geographical limitation, this article argues that an exception should be made for Palestinians. To this end, this article addresses how Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention applies in Turkey by focusing on the interplay between the Convention and Turkish laws and regulations, as well as considering recent case law in other jurisdictions, particularly in Europe. By doing so, it aims to demonstrate that it is possible, though challenging, to improve the legal status of Palestinians in Turkey, mainly through strategic litigation.
Derivation of dental epithelial-like cells from murine embryonic stem cells for tooth regeneration
Authors: Hu Hong , Zhao Yifan , Shan Ce , Fu Huancheng , Cai Jinglei , Li Zhonghan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Teeth are comprised of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and regenerative teeth rely on the regeneration of both cell types. Transcription factors play a pivotal role in cell fate determination. In this study, we establish fluorescence models based on transcription factors to monitor and analyze dental epithelial cells. Using Pitx2-P2A-copGFP mice, we observe that Pitx2+ epithelial cells, when combined with E14.5 dental mesenchymal cells, are sufficient for the reconstitution of teeth. Induced-Pitx2+ cells, directly isolated from the embryoid body that employs the Pitx2-GFP embryonic stem cell line, exhibit the capacity to differentiate into ameloblasts and develop into teeth when combined with dental mesenchymal cells. The regenerated teeth exhibit a complete structure, including dental pulp, dentin, enamel, and periodontal ligaments. Subsequent exploration via RNA-seq reveals that induced-Pitx2+ cells exhibit enrichment in genes associated with FGF receptors and WNT ligands compared with induced-Pitx2- cells. Our results indicate that both primary Pitx2+ and induced Pitx2+ cells possess the capability to differentiate into enamel-secreting ameloblasts and grow into teeth when combined with dental mesenchymal cells.
Comparison of differences in performance between pigs whose sires were identified using different selection strategies after experimental infection with PRRSV
Authors: Little Erin A , Dunkelberger Jenelle , Hanson Daniel , Eggert John , Gonda Michael G , MacNeil Michael D , Dee Scott 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in the performance of offspring of boars selected with an index emphasizing resilience and boars selected based on a traditional index, emphasizing feed efficiency and carcass quality (traditional) index vs. a customized (resilience) index. The resilience index was identical to the traditional index, except that extra emphasis was placed on piglet vitality (increased by 66%), growth rate (decreased by 14%), and feed intake (increased substantially by 5,157%). Sows were mated to either boars selected based on the resilience index or boars selected on the traditional index. Weaned offspring were vaccinated for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and experimentally infected with PRRSV RFLP 1-7-4 four weeks later. Offspring were allocated to pens (n ~ 27 pigs/pen; n = 27 pens/group) by sire-selection group for a total of 1,458 pigs in 54 pens. The weight of each pen was recorded on 0, 42, and 110 d postinfection (DPI) and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Mortalities were recorded from 0 to 110 DPI and necropsies were routinely performed to characterize pathogens present within the barn. Pigs classified as full value (i.e., &gt;104 kg and void of defects) were slaughtered and hot carcass weight (HCW), backfat, loin depth, and lean weight were obtained from the slaughter plant. Effects of progeny group on performance, carcass characteristics, and mortality rate were estimated with a mixed linear model. Differences between progeny groups in ADG (P &gt; 0.27), HCW (P = 0.68), backfat (P = 0.13), or loin depth (P = 0.39), and mortality rate (P = 0.29) were not detected. From 0 to 42 DPI, offspring of boars selected based on the resilience index had higher ADFI (0.06 kg/d, P = 0.01) and higher FCR (0.12, P = 0.01). In summary, results from this study do not support selection of boars for increased feed intake, piglet viability, and robustness in order to prevent losses caused by PRRSV, but selection response was only measured after one generation of male selection. The impact of multiple generations of selection, or the development of an index including traits derived from data collected under disease-challenged conditions should be explored. The data collected for this study are a valuable resource to explore additional genetic selection strategies for enhanced resilience to a multifactorial PRRS challenge.
Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Authors: Damnjanović Dragomir , Nazarizadeh Masoud , Wisniewska Monika M , Pavel Václav , Chutný Bohumír , Johnsen Arild , Nováková Milena , Štefka Jan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Small and isolated populations are at risk of local extinction, either due to the reduction of genetic diversity or due to stochastic events. We assessed genetic diversity in populations of the red-spotted (Luscinia svecica svecica) and white-spotted bluethroat (L. s. cyanecula) subspecies from six European sites, focusing on a peripheral and declining, red-spotted population from Central Europe (Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic). Analysis of population structure using mitochondrial sequences (cytochrome b) and ddRAD genomic data revealed that the two subspecies form clearly defined clusters, but traces of possible admixture were found in three populations of the white-spotted bluethroat. Demographic history reconstruction indicates past population range expansion in both subspecies, while the occurrence of short (0.4 Mbp) runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments suggests possible inbreeding 50 to 200 generations ago. Interestingly, although established by a small number of individuals, the Krkonoše population show reduced genetic diversity in only one measure of summary statistics, possibly due to sustained gene flow. Correspondingly, nine highly homozygous genes were recovered within a 2.6-Mbp long ROH region on the Chr 5. Thus, we found only a small reduction of genetic diversity in a population facing extinction, contrary to the expectations for a geographically distant and small population.