bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic robotic doppler sonography of leg arteries
Authors: Osburg Jonas , Scheibert Alexandra , Horn Marco , Pater Ravn , Ernst Floris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose

Robot-assisted systems offer an opportunity to support the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of vascular diseases to reduce radiation exposure and support the limited medical staff in vascular medicine. In the diagnosis and follow-up care of vascular pathologies, Doppler ultrasound has become the preferred diagnostic tool. The study presents a robotic system for automatic Doppler ultrasound examinations of patients’ leg vessels.

Methods

The robotic system consists of a redundant 7 DoF serial manipulator, to which a 3D ultrasound probe is attached. A compliant control was employed, whereby the transducer was guided along the vessel with a defined contact force. Visual servoing was used to correct the position of the probe during the scan so that the vessel can always be properly visualized. To track the vessel’s position, methods based on template matching and Doppler sonography were used.

Results

Our system was able to successfully scan the femoral artery of seven volunteers automatically for a distance of 20 cm. In particular, our approach using Doppler ultrasound data showed high robustness and an accuracy of 10.7 (±3.1) px in determining the vessel’s position and thus outperformed our template matching approach, whereby an accuracy of 13.9 (±6.4) px was achieved.

Conclusions

The developed system enables automated robotic ultrasound examinations of vessels and thus represents an opportunity to reduce radiation exposure and staff workload. The integration of Doppler ultrasound improves the accuracy and robustness of vessel tracking, and could thus contribute to the realization of routine robotic vascular examinations and potential endovascular interventions.
Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms in Bariatric Patients: Focus on Mood and Anxiety Comorbidity, Disordered Eating, and Temperamental Traits
Authors: Brancati Giulio Emilio , Cosentino Viarda , Barbuti Margherita , Weiss Francesco , Calderone Alba , Fierabracci Paola , Salvetti Guido , Santini Ferruccio , Perugi Giulio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A positive association between ADHD and obesity has been observed, especially in adult samples. In this study, prevalence and correlates of self-reported symptoms indicative of a positive screening for ADHD were examined in patients seeking bariatric treatment.

Material and Methods
The study sample was composed of 260 adult patients with obesity referred for bariatric surgery to the Obesity Center of the Endocrinology Unit in Pisa University Hospital between January 2006 and November 2016 (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; mean ± standard deviation = 46.27 ± 7.45 kg/m2). ADHD symptoms were identified using ADHD Symptom Check‐List‐90‐R Screening Scale. Night-eating, binge-eating/purging behaviors, and temperamental and character traits were assessed in a subsample of 95 patients.

Results
Thirty participants had a positive screening for ADHD (11.5%, 95% CI = 7.9–16.1%). Patients with a positive screening showed significantly higher rates of anxiety disorders (40% vs. 16.5%, χ2 = 7.97, p = 0.005) panic disorder (40% vs. 14.3%, χ2 = 10.48, p = 0.001), and a higher severity of psychopathological symptoms and sleep disturbances than those without. In subsample analyses, ADHD symptoms severity was associated with more bulimic behaviors (r = 0.31–0.46), greater harm avoidance (r = 0.45–0.66), less self-directedness (r =  − 0.44–0.63), and cooperativeness (r =  − 0.26–0.42).

Conclusion
ADHD symptoms may be common in patients with obesity seeking bariatric treatment and are positively associated with disordered eating, internalizing features, and maladaptive character traits.
Level of Evidence: V, cross sectional descriptive study.

Graphical Abstract
Structural insight into palladium-nickel clusters over mordenite zeolite for carbene-insertion reaction
Authors: Li Guangchao , Ho Ping-Luen Baron , Ng Bryan Kit Yue , Wu Tai-Sing , Rymarz Pawel , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe advancement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating metal clusters in the nanometric size range has garnered significant attention due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and selectivity. The detailed characterization and understanding of the atomic structure of these metal clusters within catalysts is crucial for elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms. In the present study, a distinctive three-atom PdNi cluster, characterized by two Pd atoms at terminal positions and a central Ni atom, was synthesized over mordenite zeolite. The presence of atomic PdNi clusters within the eight-membered ring side pocket area was confirmed by multiple advanced analytical techniques, including magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of the confined active species was examined by the carbene-mediated reactions of ethyl-2-diazoacetate to ethyl-2-methoxyacetate as a model reaction. Compared to the Pd-mordenite and Ni-mordenite, the PdNi-mordenite catalyst incorporates a PdNi cluster, which demonstrates a superior performance, achieving 100% conversion and high selectivity under the same reaction conditions. Our study elucidates the potential of constructing bimetallic clusters in zeolites, providing valuable insights for developing new heterogeneous catalysts applicable to a wide range of catalytic processes.
Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in healthy weight individuals
Authors: Méndez-Sánchez Nahum , Brouwer Willem Pieter , Lammert Frank , Yilmaz Yusuf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population. This shift in perspective requires reconsideration of preventive strategies, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches tailored to address the unique characteristics of MAFLD healthy weight individuals. It also underscores the importance of widespread awareness and education, within the medical community and among the general population, to promote a more inclusive understanding of liver metabolic disorders. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive exploration of MAFLD in healthy weight individuals, encompassing epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects.
A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Esat Taner , Borodin Dmitriy , Oh Jeongmin , Heinrich Andreas J. , Tautz F. Stefan , Bae Yujeong , Temirov Ruslan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials.
Structural basis for activity switching in polymerases determining the fate of let-7 pre-miRNAs
Authors: Yi Gangshun , Ye Mingda , Carrique Loic , El-Sagheer Afaf , Brown Tom , Norbury Chris J. , Zhang Peijun , Gilbert Robert J. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumor-suppressor let-7 pre-microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by terminal uridylyltransferases TUT7 and TUT4 that either promote let-7 maturation by adding a single uridine nucleotide to the pre-miRNA 3′ end or mark them for degradation by the addition of multiple uridines. Oligo-uridylation is increased in cells by enhanced TUT7/4 expression and especially by the RNA-binding pluripotency factor LIN28A. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we captured high-resolution structures of active forms of TUT7 alone, of TUT7 plus pre-miRNA and of both TUT7 and TUT4 bound with pre-miRNA and LIN28A. Our structures reveal that pre-miRNAs engage the enzymes in fundamentally different ways depending on the presence of LIN28A, which clamps them onto the TUTs to enable processive 3′ oligo-uridylation. This study reveals the molecular basis for mono- versus oligo-uridylation by TUT7/4, as determined by the presence of LIN28A, and thus their mechanism of action in the regulation of cell fate and in cancer.
Poised PABP–RNA hubs implement signal-dependent mRNA decay in development
Authors: Modic Miha , Kuret Klara , Steinhauser Sebastian , Faraway Rupert , van Genderen Emiel , Ruiz de Los Mozos Igor , Novljan Jona , Vičič Žiga , Lee Flora C. Y. , ten Berge Derk , Luscombe Nicholas M. , Ule Jernej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSignaling pathways drive cell fate transitions largely by changing gene expression. However, the mechanisms for rapid and selective transcriptome rewiring in response to signaling cues remain elusive. Here we use deep learning to deconvolve both the sequence determinants and the trans-acting regulators that trigger extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)–mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-induced decay of the naive pluripotency mRNAs. Timing of decay is coupled to embryo implantation through ERK–MEK phosphorylation of LIN28A, which repositions pLIN28A to the highly A+U-rich 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) termini of naive pluripotency mRNAs. Interestingly, these A+U-rich 3′UTR termini serve as poly(A)-binding protein (PABP)-binding hubs, poised for signal-induced convergence with LIN28A. The multivalency of AUU motifs determines the efficacy of pLIN28A–PABP convergence, which enhances PABP 3′UTR binding, decreases the protection of poly(A) tails and activates mRNA decay to enable progression toward primed pluripotency. Thus, the signal-induced convergence of LIN28A with PABP–RNA hubs drives the rapid selection of naive mRNAs for decay, enabling the transcriptome remodeling that ensures swift developmental progression.
Novel similarity measures under complex pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices and their application in decision making problems
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Khan Madad , Shafqat Ramsha , Althobaiti Ali , Althobaiti Saad , Bedada Tola Bekene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComplex fuzzy soft matrices play a crucial role in various applications, including decision-making, pattern recognition, signals processing, and image processing. The main objective of this study is to introduce the unique notions of complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices (CPFSMs), which provide more flexibility and accuracy in modelling uncertainty. CPFSMs incorporate Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices, allowing for more sophisticated uncertainty modeling. The key findings of CPFSMs, specific instances, and certain fundamental set-theoretic operations and principles were covered. A set of new distance metrics between two CPFSMs has been defined. In the context of complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets and complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices, we created a CPFS decision-making technique. Moreover, the application’s numerical example and comparison analysis have been effectively demonstrated. Thus, by integrating the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, soft matrices, and complex numbers, CPFSMs provide a robust framework with membership and non-membership degrees for complex decision-making modeling and analyzing uncertain data.
Exploring Communication Needs and Challenges in the Intensive Care Unit: A Survey Study From Providers' and Patients' Perspectives
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Schommer Lana , Tarver Micheal , LaValley Mimi , Lemieux Nina , Mery Marissa , Koul Rajinder 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Effective communication between nonspeaking patients and providers is critical for the quality of care in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aims to evaluate perspectives of health care providers and nonspeaking patients on effective communication and communication barriers in the ICU.

Method:
Qualitative and quantitative survey methodologies were employed to evaluate providers' and patients' perspectives on effective communication. Rating scales were utilized to measure patients' frustration levels and communication effectiveness. Open-ended questions were employed to reflect on barriers to communication in the ICU, instances of ineffective communication, and recommendations for enhancing effective communication.

Results:
The results of the study suggest that nonspeaking patients experienced high levels of frustration due to ineffective communication. However, the data reveal that access to appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies and materials could help mitigate patients' frustration. Providers mainly communicated via asking yes/no questions, which largely limited the information patients conveyed, leading to frequent communication breakdowns. Providers expressed a desire to participate in training programs to utilize appropriate AAC strategies and promote effective communication.

Conclusions:
This study provides preliminary survey results on perspectives of patients and providers on effective communication in the ICU. Both providers and patients reported experiencing challenges and frustration during their communication, due to barriers such as providers' insufficient training experience and lack of access to AAC materials. Skill training is warranted to promote effective patient–provider communication in intensive care settings.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26339623
Two-dimensional simulations of disks in close binaries
Authors: Jordan L. M. , Wehner D. , Kuiper R. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Previous simulations of cataclysmic variables studied either the quiescence, or the outburst state in multiple dimensions or they simulated complete outburst cycles in one dimension using simplified models for the gravitational torques.
Aims. We self-consistently simulate complete outburst cycles of normal and superoutbursts in cataclysmic variable systems in two dimensions. We study the effect of different α viscosity parameters, mass transfer rates, and binary mass ratios on the disk luminosities, outburst occurrence rates, and superhumps.
Methods. We simulate non-isothermal, viscous accretion disks in cataclysmic variable systems using a modified version of the FARGO code with an updated equation of state and a cooling function designed to reproduce s-curve behavior.
Results. Our simulations can model complete outburst cycles using the thermal tidal instability model. We find higher superhump amplitudes and stronger gravitational torques than previous studies, resulting in better agreement with observations.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity
Authors: Bernini-Peron M. , Sander A. A. C. , Ramachandran V. , Oskinova L. M. , Vink J. S. , Verhamme O. , Najarro F. , Josiek J. , Brands S. A. , Crowther P. A. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Gormaz-Matamala A. C. , Hawcroft C. , Kuiper R. , Mahy L. , Marcolino W. L. F. , Martins L. P. , Mehner A. , Parsons T. N. , Pauli D. , Shenar T. , Schootemeijer A. , Todt H. , van Loon J. Th. ,   the XShootU Collaboration
Published: July 2024

Context. With the aim of understanding massive stars and their feedback in the early epochs of our Universe, the ULLYSES and XShootU collaborations collected the biggest homogeneous dataset of high-quality hot star spectra at low metallicity. Within the rich “zoo” of massive star stellar types, B supergiants (BSGs) represent an important connection between the main sequence and more extreme evolutionary stages. Additionally, lying toward the cool end of the hot star regime, determining their wind properties is crucial to gauging our expectations on the evolution and feedback of massive stars as, for instance, they are implicated in the bi-stability jump phenomenon.
Aims. Here, we undertake a detailed analysis of a representative sample of 18 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) BSGs within the ULLYSES dataset. Our UV and optical analysis samples early- and late-type BSGs (from B0 to B8), covering the bi-stability jump region. Our aim is to evaluate their evolutionary status and verify what their wind properties say about the bi-stability jump at a low-metallicity environment.
Methods. We used the stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN to model the UV and optical spectra of the sample BSGs as well as photometry in different bands. The optical range encodes photospheric properties, while the wind information resides mostly in the UV. Further, we compare our results with different evolutionary models, with previous determinations in the literature of OB stars, and with diverging mass-loss prescriptions at the bi-stability jump. Additionally, for the first time we provide BSG models in the SMC including X-rays.
Results. Our analysis yielded the following main results: (i) From a single-stellar evolution perspective, the evolutionary status of early BSGs appear less clear than late BSGs, which are agree reasonably well with H-shell burning models. (ii) Ultraviolet analysis shows evidence that the BSGs contain X-rays in their atmospheres, for which we provide constraints. In general, higher X-ray luminosity (close to the standard log(LX/L) ~ −7) is favored for early BSGs, despite associated degeneracies. For later-type BSGs, lower values are preferred, log(LX/L) ~ −8.5. (iii) The obtained mass-loss rates suggest neither a jump nor an unperturbed monotonic decrease with temperature. Instead, a rather constant trend appears to happen, which is at odds with the increase found for Galactic BSGs. (iv) The wind velocity behavior with temperature shows a sharp drop at ~19 kK, very similar to the bi-stability jump observed for Galactic stars.
Kinematic constraints on the ages and kick velocities of Galactic neutron star binaries
Authors: Disberg P. , Gaspari N. , Levan A. J. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The systems creating binary neutron stars (BNSs) experience systemic kicks when one of the components goes supernova. The combined magnitude of these kicks is still a topic of debate and has implications for the eventual location of the transient resulting from the merger of the binary. For example, the offsets of short-duration gamma-ray bursts resulting from BNS mergers depend on BNS kicks.
Aims. We investigated Galactic BNSs and traced their motion through the Galaxy. This enabled us to estimate their kinematic ages and construct a BNS kick distribution based on their Galactic trajectories.
Methods. We used the pulsar periods and their derivatives to estimate the characteristic spin-down ages of the binaries. Moreover, we used a Monte Carlo estimation of their present-day velocity vector in order to trace back their trajectory and estimate their kinematic ages. These trajectories, in turn, were used to determine the eccentricity of their Galactic orbit. Based on simulations of kicked objects in the Galactic potential, we investigated the relationship between this eccentricity and the kick velocity in order to constrain the kicks imparted to the binaries at birth.
Results. We find that the Galactic BNSs are likely older than ~40 Myr, which means their current (scalar) galactocentric speeds are not representative of their initial kicks. However, we find a close relationship between the eccentricity of a Galactic trajectory and the experienced kick. Using this relation, we constrained the kicks of the Galactic BNSs, depending on the kind of isotropy assumed in estimating their velocity vectors. These kick velocities are well described by a log-normal distribution peaking around ~40–50 km/s and coincide with the peculiar velocities of the binaries at their last disc crossing.
Conclusions. We conclude that BNSs receive kicks following a distribution that peaks at kick velocities lower than found in isolated pulsars. However, we find no tension between this distribution and literature on short-duration gamma-ray burst offsets.
Low-velocity streams inside the planetary nebula H2-18
Authors: Gesicki K. , Zijlstra A. , Hajduk M. , Iwanowska A. , Grzesiak K. , Lisiecki K. , Lipinski J. 
Published: July 2024

Aims. Numerous planetary nebulae show complicated inner structures that are not obvious to explain. For one such object, we undertook a detailed 3D photoionisation and kinematical model analysis to gain a better understanding of the underlying shaping processes.
Methods. We obtained 2D ARGUS/IFU spectroscopy covering the whole nebula in selected representative emission lines. We used 3D photoionisation modelling to compute images and line profiles, and a comparison of the observations with the models was performed to fine-tune the model details. This procedure predicts the approximate nebular 3D structure and kinematics.
Results. We find that within a cylindrical outer nebula, there is a hidden, very dense bar-like or cylindrical inner structure. Both structures are co-axial and are inclined to the sky by 40 deg. We propose that the wide, asymmetric, one-sided plume is a flat structure attached to one end of the bar. All nebular components share the same kinematics, with an isotropic velocity field that monotonically increases with distance from the star before reaching a plateau. The relatively low velocities indicate that the observed shapes do not require particularly energetic processes, and there is no indication for the current presence of a jet. The 3D model reproduces the observed line ratios and the detailed structure of the object significantly better than previous models.