bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual power in Susa: Chronicle of a transitional period from Ur III via Šimaški to the Sukkalmaḫs
Authors: De Graef Katrien 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article brings together evidence from both documentary texts and royal inscriptions from Susa in order to develop a chronological and historical perspective on the transitional period between the loss of control of the Ur III empire and the institutionalization of the Sukkalmaḫ regime. A study of the archaeological and archival context of the administrative texts resulted in a new chronology for the beginning of the Sukkalmaḫat, the basic argument for which is the early dating of the rule of Atta-ḫušu. Newly discovered inscriptions and new interpretations of existing inscriptions serve not only to adjust this chronology, but also to pave the way for an innovative and coherent socio-economic history of the early Sukkalmaḫat.
End of Life in Residential Care from the Perspective of Care Aides
Authors: Waskiewich Shelly , Funk Laura M. , Stajduhar Kelli I. 
Published: October 2012

RÉSUMÉNous avons examiné les caractéristiques contextuelles qui façonnent les soins de fin de vie (SFV) dans les établissements de soins pour bénéficiaires, en s’appuyant sur les perspectives de 11 aidants résidents (AR) dans un centre urbain canadien de l’Ouest. ARs décrivent les soins de fin de vie comme “offrant un confort,” y compris le bien-être physique et émotionnel. Les inquiétudes au sujet des défis posés par le temps et la charge de travail ont dominé les comptes et ont généré la culpabilité, la tristesse et de la frustration. ARs ont essayé de “trouver le temps” en le prenant d’eux-mêmes ou les autres résidents, et en s’appuyant sur l’engagement des collègues et sur les familles. Les résultats soulignent l’importance du rôle d’AR (en particulier en offrant un confort émotionnel), mais faire appel à l’attention à l’interprétation de ce qui est impliqué dans ce travail, et à la définition du portée de la pratique et de la formation. Les résultats également réitère l’importance, entre aidants résidents canadiens, des charges de travail adéquates pour faciliter les soins de fin de vie de qualité, et soulève des préoccupations au sujet des contraintes et comment elles forment la pratique de soins de fin de vie et les significations qui infusent une telle pratique.
Respiratory Protection During Simulated Emergency Pediatric Life Support: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Study
Authors: Schumacher Jan , Gray Stuart A. , Michel Sophie , Alcock Roger , Brinker Andrea 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionEmergency pediatric life support (EPLS) of children infected with transmissible respiratory diseases requires adequate respiratory protection for medical first responders. Conventional air-purifying respirators (APR) and modern loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator-hoods (PAPR-hood) may have a different impact during pediatric resuscitation and therefore require evaluation.ObjectiveThis study investigated the influence of APRs and PAPR-hoods during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsStudy design was a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Sixteen paramedics carried out a standardized EPLS scenario inside an ambulance, either unprotected (control) or wearing a conventional APR or a PAPR-hood. Treatment times and wearer comfort were determined and compared.ResultsAll paramedics completed the treatment objectives of the study arms without adverse events. Study subjects reported that communication, dexterity and mobility were significantly better in the APR group, whereas the heat-build-up was significantly less in the PAPR-hood group. Treatment times compared to the control group did not significantly differ for the APR group but did with the PAPR-hood group (261±12 seconds for the controls, 275±9 seconds for the conventional APR and 286±13 seconds for the PAPR-hood group, P < .05.ConclusionsAPRs showed a trend to better treatment times compared to PAPR-hoods during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Study participants rated mobility, ease of communication and dexterity with the tight-fitting APR system significantly better compared to the loose-fitting PAPR-hood.SchumacherJ, GraySA, MichelS, AlcockR, BrinkerA. Respiratory protection during simulated emergency pediatric life support: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(1):1-6.
Analyzing Farmer Participation Intentions and County Enrollment Rates for the Average Crop Revenue Election Program
Authors: Mitchell Paul D. , Rejesus Roderick M. , Coble Keith H. , Knight Thomas O. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe 2008 Farm Bill created the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program to be a new commodity support program. Using a multinomial logit model to analyze a mail survey administered before the ACRE sign‐up deadline, we identify factors driving farmer intentions regarding ACRE participation. Using a Tobit model to analyze actual county‐level ACRE enrollment rates, we assess the effect of similar factors on actual farmer decisions. Results suggest that primary crops, risk perceptions, risk aversion, and program complexity were important factors affecting participation. Farmer beliefs and attitudes also played key roles, and were changing during the months before the ACRE deadline.
EGFR and KRAS mutation analyses from specimens obtained by bronchoscopy and EBUS‐TBNA
Authors: Kang Yeh Rim , Park Hye Yun , Jeon Kyeongman , Koh Won‐Jung , Suh Gee Young , Chung Man Pyo , Kim Hojoong , Kwon O Jung , Choi Yoon‐La , Han Joungho , Um Sang‐Won 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroudProcurement of tumor tissue is mandatory for a mutation analysis in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of bronchoscopic biopsy and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) biopsy for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutations in routine practice.MethodsTumor DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues, and amplifications of exons 18–21 of EGFR and codons 12, 13 and 61 of KRAS were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing in both directions.ResultsOf 211 consecutive specimens, 201 (95.3%) were available for EGFR mutation analysis, and 196 (92.9%) were adequate for KRAS mutation analysis. EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in 14.9% and 5.4%, respectively. A median of 16 days was spent from biopsy to the final report for either EGFR or KRAS mutation status. The detection rates for both mutations were similar between bronchoscopic biopsy and EBUS‐TBNA (P > 0.05). Female gender (53.3%), never smoker (63.3%), and adenocarcinoma (96.7%) were predominant in patients with EGFR mutations. Among patients with adenocarcinoma (n = 104), the frequencies of EGFR and KRAS mutations were 27.9% and 10.6%, respectively.ConclusionsSmall tissue samples obtained by bronchoscopic biopsy and EBUS‐TBNA are sufficient for detecting EGFR and KRAS mutations in routine practice. Therefore, concurrent mutational analyses of small tissue samples should be considered at the time of initial diagnosis.
Lung papillary adenocarcinoma complicated with paraneoplastic autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case report
Authors: Xing Limin , Wang Huaquan , Qu Wen , Fang Fang , Dong Qi‐e , Shao Zonghong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA middle‐aged woman presented at our facility and was diagnosed after surgery with lung papillary adenocarcinoma. Seven years earlier, she had suffered from autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), which was refractory. Following lung surgery, the AIHA was cured.
Additional use of an aldosterone antagonist in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Li‐jun , Chen Yun‐qing , Deng Song‐bai , Du Jian‐lin , She Qiang 
Published: October 2012

AimsAldosterone antagonists (AldoAs) have been used to treat severe chronic heart failure (CHF).There is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of using AldoAs in mild to moderate CHF with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classifications of I to II. This study summarizes the evidence for the efficacy of spironolactone (SP), eplerenone (EP) and canrenone in mild to moderate CHF patients.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and OVID databases were searched before June 2012 for randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials assessing AldoA treatment in CHF patients with NYHA classes I to II. Data concerning the study's design, patients' characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean difference were calculated using either fixed or random effects models.ResultsEight trials involving 3929 CHF patients were included. AldoAs were superior to the control in all cause mortality (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66, 0.95) and in re‐hospitalization for cardiac causes (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52, 0.74), the left ventricular ejection fraction was improved by AldoA treatment (WMD 2.94%, P = 0.52). Moreover, AldoA therapy decreased the left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (WMD −14.04 ml, P < 0.00001),the left ventricular end‐systolic volume (WMD −14.09 ml, P < 0.00001). A stratified analysis showed a statistical superiority in the benefits of SP over EP in reducing LVEDV and LVESV. AldoAs reduced B‐type natriuretic peptide concentrations (WMD −37.76 pg ml−1, P < 0.00001), increased serum creatinine (WMD 8.69 μmol l−1, P = 0.0003) and occurrence of hyperkalaemia (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.43, 2.23).ConclusionsAdditional use of AldoAs in CHF patients may decrease mortality and re‐hospitalization for cardiac reasons, improve cardiac function and simultaneously ameliorate LV reverse remodelling.
Tau‐Tubulin Kinase 1 Expression, Phosphorylation and Co‐Localization with Phospho‐Ser422 Tau in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Authors: Lund Harald , Cowburn Richard F. , Gustafsson Elin , Strömberg Kia , Svensson Anne , Dahllund Leif , Malinowsky David , Sunnemark Dan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecent reports have implicated tau‐tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) in the pathological phosphorylation of tau that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).The present study was undertaken to provide an extensive characterization of TTBK1 mRNA and protein expression in human brain from AD cases and non‐demented controls so as to better understand the disease relevance of this novel kinase. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed abundant expression of TTBK1 in the somatodendritic compartment of cortical and hippocampal neurons of both AD cases and controls. TTBK1 immunoreactivity appeared to vary with the level of phospho‐tau staining, and was strong in the somatodendritic compartment of apparently healthy hippocampal neurons as well as in pre‐tangle neurons where it co‐localized with diffuse phospho‐Ser422 tau staining. Ser422 was confirmed as a TTBK1 substrate in vitro, and an antibody towards the site, in addition to labeling AT8‐positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuritic plaques and neuropil threads, also labeled a small population of neurons that were unlabeled with AT8.These data suggest a role for TTBK1 in pre‐tangle formation prior to the formation of fibrillar tau and strengthen the idea that tau is phosphorylated at Ser422 at an early/intermediate stage in NFT formation.
Evolution of the European guidelines for the clinical development of factor VIII products: little progress towards improved patient management
Authors: Mannucci P. M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn the process of clinical development and licensing of factor VIII (FVIII) products for treatment of haemophilia A, the safety concerns generated in the 1980s by the risk of pathogen transmission were tremendously reduced by the implementation of an array of methods for inactivation/removal of blood borne pathogens. The current focus on the risk of FVIII inhibitors does not stem from a new awareness, because this multifactorial complication has long been recognized. With this background, I believe that the current European regulatory guidelines for the clinical development and licensing of FVIII products fail to reflect the tremendous progress made in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, because they are witnessing a continuous increase in the demands from health agencies to the point that clinical studies have become more and more difficult to carry out. This article reviews the evolution of the European regulations on new FVIII products, lists a number of regulatory requirements whose scientific and/or clinical rationale is perhaps questionable and recommends keeping such requirements in reasonable limits of feasibility, without jeopardizing current high standards of efficacy and safety.
Prevalence, molecular characteristics and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis among Iranian immunocompromised patients
Authors: Izadi Morteza , Jonaidi‐Jafari Nematollah , Saburi Amin , Eyni Hossein , Rezaiemanesh Mohammad‐Reza , Ranjbar Reza 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCryptosporidium spp. is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries, mainly affecting people with compromised immune systems in general and HIV‐infected individuals with low CD4 + T‐cell counts in particular. This infection is self‐limiting in healthy persons; however, it can be severe, progressive and persistent in those who are immunocompromised. There are few published studies concerning cryptosporidiosis andCryptosporidiumgenotypes in Iranian immunocompromised patients and none of them describe risk factors. This study was undertaken to identify prevalence, genotypes and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients. Three fecal samples were obtained at two day intervals from each of the 183 patients and processed with modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining methods and 18S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The overall infection prevalence was 6%.Cryptosporidium parvumwas identified in isolates from five HIV‐infected patients, one patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation and one with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Cryptosporidium hominiswas identified in isolates from two HIV‐infected patients and two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. According to univariate analysis, the statistically significant factors were diarrhea (OR = 21.7, CI = 2.83–78.4,P= 0.003), CD4 + lymphocytes less than 100 cells/mm3(OR = 41.3, CI = 13.45–114.8,P< 0.0001), other microbial infections (OR = 7.1321.7, CI = 1.97–25.73,P= 0.006), weight loss (OR = 73.78, CI = 15.5–350,P< 0.0001), abdominal pain (OR = 10.29, CI = 2.81–37.74.4,P= 0.001), dehydration (OR = 72.1, CI = 17.6–341.5,P< 0.0001), vomiting (OR = 4.87, CI = 1.4–16.9,P= 0.015), nausea (OR = 9.4, CI = 2.38–37.2,P< 0.001), highly active antiretroviral therapy (OR = 0.089, CI = 0.01–0.8,P= 0.015) and diarrhea in household members (OR = 7.37, CI = 2.04–26.66,P= 0.001). After multivariate analysis and a backward deletion process, only < 100 CD4 + T‐lymphocytes/mm3maintained a significant association with infection. The authors recommend that this infection should be suspected in patients with diarrhea, weight loss and dehydration in general and in diarrheal individuals with < 100 CD4 + T‐lymphocytes/mm3.
How do static and dynamic risk factors work together to predict violent behaviour among offenders with an intellectual disability?
Authors: Lofthouse R. E. , Totsika V. , Hastings R. P. , Lindsay W. R. , Hogue T. E. , Taylor J. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundResearch on risk assessment with offenders with an intellectual disability (ID) has largely focused on estimating the predictive accuracy of static or dynamic risk assessments, or a comparison of the two approaches. The aim of this study was to explore how static and dynamic risk variables may ‘work together’ to predict violent behaviour.MethodsData from 212 offenders with an ID were analysed. Risk assessment tools included one static measure (Violence Risk Appraisal Guide), and two dynamic measures (Emotional Problems Scale and the Short Dynamic Risk Scale). Six‐month concurrent prediction data on violent behaviour were collected. A structured methodology was employed to explore putative relationships between static and dynamic factors.ResultsStatic risk factors temporally preceded dynamic ones, and were shown to dominate both dynamic measures, while there was a non‐zero relationship between the static and the two dynamic measures. According to Kraemer et al., these findings suggest that dynamic risk factors function as proxy risk factors for static risk.ConclusionsDynamic and static risk factors appear to capture elements of the same underlying risk associated with violent behaviour in individuals with an ID. This is the first study to empirically explore risk interrelationships in the forensic ID field. We discuss the importance of the contribution of dynamic variables in the prediction and management of risk.
Knotless “three‐U‐stitches” technique for urethrovesical anastomosis during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zarrelli Giovanni , Mastroprimiano Gianluca , Giovannone Riccardo , De Berardinis Ettore , Gentile Vincenzo , Busetto Gian Maria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe describe a new technique for urethrovesical anastomosis that consists of placing three “U” stitches of Monocryl 2‐0 to connect the bladder neck and urethral stump together. The margins are united by a double passage of the suture, without tying any knots. The sutures are tied on the bladder's surface using Lapra‐Ty clips fixed at a certain distance from where to two mucosal margins have been joined. We carried out this technique on 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy. The good joining of the margins, the absence of knots and the minimum trauma to the urethral wall together enable to create an anastomosis that is both “sealed” and “tension free”, allowing a quick “welding” of the margins and an early catheter removal. Regarding urinary continence, 56.6% (51) of patients were continent at catheter removal, 87.6% (78) were continent 3 months later and 98.9% (89) were continent after 6 months. In nine patients (10%), an episode of acute urinary retention occurred within 24 h after the removal of the catheter. We did not encounter any cases of vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis.
Avoiding back wound dehiscence in extended latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction
Authors: Mannu Gurdeep S. , Farooq Naheed , Down Sue , Burger Amy , Hussien Maged I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction flap has a number of advantages, but despite the advances in surgical techniques, it has remained vulnerable to skin dehiscence or necrosis at the donor site. We describe a novel surgical technique to prevent this.MethodsPatients treated with extended latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction between January 2005 and January 2010 were studied prospectively.ResultsEighteen patients were reviewed (12 immediate and 6 delayed). Two patients were smokers. The mean age was 54.4 (range: 42–64) years and the mean body mass index was 31.6 (range: 22.3–38). The mean weight of the mastectomy specimen was 551 g (range: 280–980 g). Six patients developed back seroma which required aspiration, and one patient developed a haematoma of the reconstructed breast. All wounds healed primarily.ConclusionThe new technique is safe, simple and effective in avoiding wound dehiscence at the donor site after extended latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction.
High‐grade renal injury: non‐operative management of urinary extravasation and prediction of long‐term outcomes
Authors: Long Jean‐Alexandre , Fiard Gaelle , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Arnoux Valentin , Arvin‐Berod Alexis , Terrier Nicolas , Boillot Bernard , Skowron Olivier , Thuillier Caroline , Rambeaud Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2012

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?High‐grade renal trauma seems to be eligible for conservative management. Ureteric stent placement raises issues about its usefulness and its timing. Predictive factors of post‐trauma function and surgery need to be known.Urinary extravasation is not associated with poor functional outcome. Ureteric stenting is needed only in case of sepsis and ureteric clot retention. The only independent predictor of long‐term renal function is the importance of devascularised renal fragments.OBJECTIVE
To predict the outcomes of a non‐operative approach to managing urinary extravasation after blunt renal trauma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A prospective observational study was conducted between January 2004 and October 2011. First‐line non‐operative management was proposed for 99 patients presenting with a grade IV blunt renal injury according to the revised American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification. Among them, 72 patients presented with a urinary extravasation.
Management and outcomes were recorded and compared between patients presenting and those who did not present with urinary leakage. Relative postoperative renal function was assessed 6 months after the trauma using dimercapto‐succinic acid renal scintigraphy.
Predictors of the need for endoscopic or surgical management and long‐term renal function were evaluated on multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
Among patients with urinary leakage, endoscopic ureteric stent placement and open surgery were required in 37% and 15%, respectively.
On multivariate analysis, fever of >38.5 °C and ureteric clot obstruction were independent predictors of the need for ureteric stent placement. The only predictor of open surgery was the percentage of devitalised parenchyma.
Long‐term renal function loss was correlated to the percentage of devitalised parenchyma and associated visceral lesions. Urinary extravasation did not predict surgical intervention or long‐term renal function loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary extravasation after blunt renal trauma can be successfully managed conservatively and does not predict long‐term decreased renal function or surgery requirement.
A devascularised parenchyma volume of >25% predicts a higher rate of surgery and poorer renal function.
Awareness and use of nonoccupational HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis among people receiving rapid HIV testing in Spain
Authors: Fernández‐Balbuena S , Belza MJ , Castilla J , Hoyos J , Rosales‐Statkus ME , Sánchez R , de la Fuente L ,   Madrid Rapid HIV Testing Group
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThis paper examines the awareness and use of nonoccupational HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) in Spain, and the factors that influence this awareness.MethodsBetween June 2009 and July 2010, a mobile unit offered free, rapid HIV tests in a number of Spanish cities. A total of 2545 people were passively recruited and tested, and answered a self‐administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic, behavioural and nPEP‐related questions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, stratifying by gender/sexual behaviour.ResultsSome 34% of the responders were men who have sex with men (MSM), 30% were men who have sex exclusively with women (MSW), and 35% were women. Approximately 26% were foreigners, 46% had a university degree, and 51% had previously taken an HIV test. Overall, 22% were aware of nPEP. Only 2% had ever used it; 70% of these after high‐risk sexual intercourse. Awareness was higher among MSM (34%) than women (16%) and MSW (15%). Multivariate analysis showed a lack of nPEP awareness to be associated with being born in Latin America, while awareness increased with the number of previous HIV tests among women and MSW. In MSM, awareness was also associated with having a university degree, the degree of interaction with gay culture, number of partners, and use of the internet as the main way of meeting partners.ConclusionsnPEP awareness in the studied population was unacceptably low. The promotion of its availability should be made a major objective of prevention programmes, as a complementary measure to condom use.