bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of effectiveness of abrasive and enzymatic action of whitening toothpastes in removal of extrinsic stains – a clinical trial
Authors: Patil PA , Ankola AV , Hebbal MI , Patil AC 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of abrasive component (perlite/calcium carbonate) and enzymatic component (papain and bromelain) of whitening toothpaste in removal of extrinsic stains.MethodsThis study is a randomized, triple blind and parallel group study in which 90 subjects aged 18–40 years were included. At baseline, stains scores were assessed by Macpherson's modification of Lobene Stain Index and subjects were randomly assigned to two groups with 45 subjects in each. Group 1 used whitening toothpaste with enzymatic action and group 2 with abrasive action. After 1 month, stain scores were assessed for the effectiveness of the two toothpastes and 2 months later to check the stain prevention efficacy. Wilcoxson's test was used to compare between baseline 1 and 2 months stain scores, and Mann–Witney U‐test was applied for intragroup comparison.ResultsThe mean baseline total stain score for the subjects allocated to the enzymatic toothpaste was 37.24 ± 2.11 which reduced to 30.77 ± 2.48 in 1 month, and for the abrasive paste, total stain reduced from 35.08 ± 2.96 to 32.89 ± 1.95. The reductions in total stain scores with both the pastes were significant compared with baseline stain scores (at 1 month Group 1, P = 0.0233 and Group 2, P = 0.0324; at 2 months, Group 1 P = 0.0356). Both the toothpastes proved to be equally good in removal of extrinsic stains; however, the enzymatic paste showed better results as compared to abrasive toothpaste.ConclusionWhitening toothpaste with abrasive action and enzymatic action are equally effective in removal of extrinsic stains; however, whitening toothpaste with abrasive action needs to be used with caution.
Understanding organic food consumption: attitude as a mediator
Authors: Çabuk Serap , Tanrikulu Ceyda , Gelibolu Levent 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine the effect of health consciousness, environmental concern and food safety concern on both the intention to buy organic foods and the attitude towards organic foods, and the effect of attitude towards organic foods on the intention to buy organic foods. It had also a specific aim to explore whether attitude has a mediation effect on the relationship between the intention to buy and health consciousness, environmental concern and food safety concern. Data were gathered from consumers using a survey. The questionnaire used was administered to a convenience sample of 385 consumers from Adana, Turkey, through a self‐administered questionnaire. Regression and mediation analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggested that the attitude and the intention to buy were affected by health consciousness, environmental concern and food safety concern. They also showed that the attitude plays a fundamental role both in terms of the direct impact on the intention to buy and the indirect effect as a mediator on how the health consciousness, environmental concern and food safety concern affect the intention to buy. This research is useful to fill the gaps in the literature regarding the mediation effect of the attitude on the relationship between the intention to buy and food safety concern. Another contribution is being one of the first to examine the attitude as a mediator on the relationship between the intention to buy organic foods and health consciousness, environmental concern and food safety concern of Turkish consumers.
Segmentation analysis of US older adults living in multifamily housing: reasons for moving
Authors: Kwon Hyun Joo , Beamish Julia O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigated multifamily housing consumer profiles among the US people age 55 and above based on their reasons for moving into current multifamily housing. A total of 431 samples were collected by an online research survey company using convenience sampling. The three reasons for moving were found from an exploratory factor analysis: the multifamily living reason, the nearby activities reason and the financial reason. A cluster analysis uncovered three groups of multifamily housing consumers: the neighbourhood seekers, the upscale housing seekers and the affordable housing seekers. The segmentation of older consumers living in multifamily housing provides insights into the characteristics of consumers who find multifamily housing appealing and/or needed. It also identifies features and factors about multifamily that will appeal to each segment of the market.
Perceptual Literacy and the Construction of Significant Meanings within Art Education
Authors: Cerkez Beatriz Tomsic 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn order to verify how important the ability to process visual images and sounds in a holistic way can be, we developed an experiment based on the production and reception of an art work that was conceived as a multi‐sensorial experience and implied a complex understanding of visual and auditory information. We departed from the idea that to foster processes that encourage constructions of significant meanings it is necessary to abandon vision/audio‐centric notions of objecthood and offer a general definition of the perceptual object.The test was realised between the participants after modifying the performance conditions: some could not see the visuals, some could not hear the sound and others could appreciate the performance as a whole. Considering the results, we could infer that only the possibility to ‘read’ the performance as a whole encouraged construction of significant meanings. It would be possible to upgrade the approach, turning visual literacy into perceptual literacy, to contextualise artistic production that stimulates hybrid sensitive experiences. The education of critical perceivers should also enable transformations in responses to different stimuli. This is important if we consider the individuality of each student, his or her needs, affinities, cultural background, gender and so on.
Open classroom: enhancing student achievement on artificial intelligence through an international online competition
Authors: Carpio Cañada J. , Mateo Sanguino T.J. , Merelo Guervós J.J. , Rivas Santos V.M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLimitations of formal learning (e.g., one‐way communication, rigid methodology, results‐oriented approach) can significantly influence the motivation and expectation of students, thus resulting in an academic progress reduction. In order to make learning processes more playful and motivating, this paper presents a new educational experience developed by two groups of Computer Science students at the University of Huelva (Spain). As a result, an authentic real experience was incorporated into the classical teaching of Artificial Intelligence courses where classroom sessions were changed during some days for an international online competition. A comprehensive study considering the competition ranking, the students' opinion and their academic progress was analysed to assess the followed methodology. We found out that the educational experience improved the students' motivation, thereby enhancing their academic performance and personal skills as a result of learning through play. Moreover, additional teaching goals (e.g., learning new programming languages or increasing exam attendance) were obtained because of the positive motivation experienced by the competition. As a conclusion, this paradigm of real‐life experience – not otherwise provided by traditional practical lessons – allowed us to ascertain that the process is more important than the outcome, which could be adapted to different teaching scenarios within an institution.
Effect of resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars on the attraction of egg parasitoids under field conditions
Authors: Michereff M. F. F. , Michereff Filho M. , Blassioli‐Moraes M. C. , Laumann R. A. , Diniz I. R. , Borges M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe association of resistant crop varieties and biological pest control has great potential for pest management, as resistant cultivars may affect herbivore population dynamics by interfering with their biology and search behaviour for host plants. In addition, resistant varieties can also affect the efficiency of natural enemies. The aims of this work were to evaluate the influence of the soybean cultivars Dowling (resistant), IAC 100 (resistant) and Silvânia (susceptible) under field conditions on: (i) the abundance of parasitoids in the Platygastridae family and the stink bug Euschistus heros and (ii) the parasitism of stink bug eggs by these natural enemies. There was no difference between cultivars in stink bug distribution in the field. The parasitoids Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus teretis, Tr. urichi and Tr. brochymenae emerged from the sentinel eggs of E. heros, and T. podisi was the most abundant species observed during the reproductive stage R6. The cultivars Dowling and IAC 100 attracted a higher number of Platygastridae parasitoids, T. podisi and Tr. teretis, and the abundance of these parasitoids during the period from R1 to R7 might have being sufficient to control the stink bug population. These results suggest that the cultivars Dowling and IAC 100 have important attributes that should be taken into account in the implementation and development of new cultivars in breeding programmes that aim to obtain plants more resistant to stink bugs and more attractive to natural enemies.
Prediction Model for Eating Property of Indica Rice
Authors: Lu Lin , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne hundred and five indica rice samples were analyzed by determining head rice yield, chalkiness, protein content, gel consistency and amylose content. Taste scores of rice were obtained by sensory evaluation. Support vector machine (SVM) and K‐nearest neighbors (KNN) models were established with physicochemical properties as attributes. In each linear correlation, amylose content had highest coefficient with taste score, but in the mutual influence, gel consistency showed highest correlation. In SVM model, the accuracy of the training set and testing set were 99.0% and 93.3%, respectively; in KNN model, they were 74.3% and 73.3%, respectively. These results showed that the nonlinear relationship between eating property and physicochemical properties of indica rice was found. It was concluded that SVM, which extracts nonlinear features, can be used to effectively predict the taste class of unknown.Practical ApplicationsSupport vector machine (SVM) is an effective prediction model used to represent the eating property of indica rice. The model showed that the nonlinear relationship between eating property and physicochemical properties of indica rice. The results of the present study can also serve as a valuable resource to further explore the utilization of the prediction model in sensory evaluation of rice, and expound the relationship between eating property and other properties of rice.
Effect of Okara on Textural, Color and Rheological Properties of Pork Meat Gels
Authors: Chang Tong , Wang Chenjie , Wang Shuilian , Shi Liu , Yang Hong , Cui Min 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate effect of okara on the textural, color and rheological properties of pork meat gels. Pork meat gels with okara had better cooking characteristics than those without okara. As okara content increased in pork meat gels, there were significant increases in lightness (L*), hardness, chewiness and breaking force of gels but decreases in cohesiveness, while there was no significant difference found in gel springiness and resilience. Addition of okara also increased storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of pork batters during the heating. Loss tangent (tan δ) patterns indicated that okara facilitate to hold more water and accelerated the denaturation to form an elastic gel network. Overall, okara can be used as an ingredient to improve the quality of pork‐based products, especially to replace animal fats.Practical ApplicationsResults of this investigation could have a potential for developing a novel meat product that contains dietary fiber since a product with better functionality, lower cost and more nutritional benefit is very importance for the meat processing industry.
Norms of the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire
Authors: Morin D. , Rivard M. , Boursier C. P. , Crocker A. G. , Caron J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID) has demonstrated good psychometric qualities for measuring the attitudes of different groups of adults in the general population toward intellectual disability (ID). A significant advantage of the ATTID is that it addresses the concept of attitudes using a three‐dimensional model (affective, cognitive and behavioural). To our knowledge, there are no normative data published regarding attitudes toward ID on general population‐based samples.MethodsThe sample of 1605 men and women was stratified to be representative of the general adult population of Quebec. The ATTID was administered by phone interview through an independent survey firm.ResultsNormative data are presented as percentile scores associated with the raw score of the ATTID by gender and age categories. Analysis of the variance yielded significant differences in attitude by gender and age. The directions and the strength of these associations vary according to each of the five factors used to define attitudes.ConclusionThese norms will provide an essential tool to compare different groups and assess the effectiveness of various public campaigns to encourage more positive attitudes towards persons with ID. These norms would also allow international comparisons.
Ambivalence About Interpersonal Problems and Traits Predicts Cross‐Situational Variability of Social Behavior
Authors: Erickson Thane M. , Newman Michelle G. , Peterson Jessica , Scarsella Gina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultiple theoretical perspectives suggest that maladjusted personality is characterized by not only distress, but also opposing or “ambivalent” self‐perceptions and behavioral lability across social interactions. However, the degree to which ambivalence about oneself predicts cross‐situational variability in social behavior has not been examined empirically. Using the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) as a nomological framework, the present study investigated the extent to which endorsing opposing or “ambivalent” tendencies on IPC measures predicted variability in social behavior across a range of hypothetical interpersonal scenarios (Part 1; N = 288) and naturalistic social interactions (Part 2; N = 192). Ambivalent responding for interpersonal problems and traits was associated with measures of distress, maladaptive interpersonal tendencies, and greater variability of social behavior across both hypothetical and daily social interactions, though more consistently for interpersonal problems. More conservative tests suggested that ambivalence predicted some indexes of behavioral variability even when accounting for mean levels and squared means of social behaviors, vector length, gender, and depressive symptoms. Results suggest that processes theorized as typifying personality disorder may apply more broadly to personality maladjustment occurring outside of clinical samples.
Immunotherapy trial as diagnostic test in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility
Authors: Flanagan E. P. , Saito Y. A. , Lennon V. A. , McKeon A. , Fealey R. D. , Szarka L. A. , Murray J. A. , Foxx‐Orenstein A. E. , Fox J. C. , Pittock S. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundChronic gastrointestinal dysmotility greatly impacts the quality of life. Treatment options are limited and generally symptomatic. Neural autoimmunity is an under‐recognized etiology. We evaluated immunotherapy as an aid to diagnosing autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility (AGID).MethodsTwenty‐three subjects evaluated at the Mayo Clinic for suspected AGID (August 2006–February 2014) fulfilled the following criteria: (1) prominent symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility with abnormalities on scintigraphy–manometry; (2) serological evidence or personal/family history of autoimmune disease; (3) treated by immunotherapy on a trial basis, 6–12 weeks (intravenous immune globulin, 16; or methylprednisolone, 5; or both, 2). Response was defined subjectively (symptomatic improvement) and objectively (gastrointestinal scintigraphy/manometry studies).Key ResultsSymptoms at presentation: constipation, 18/23; nausea or vomiting, 18/23; weight loss, 17/23; bloating, 13/23; and early satiety, 4/23. Thirteen patients had personal/family history of autoimmunity. Sixteen had neural autoantibodies and 19 had extra‐intestinal autonomic testing abnormalities. Cancer was detected in three patients. Preimmunotherapy scintigraphy revealed slowed transit (19/21 evaluated; gastric, 11; small bowel, 12; colonic, 11); manometry studies were abnormal in 7/8. Postimmunotherapy, 17 (74%) had improvement (both symptomatic and scintigraphic, five; symptomatic alone, eight; scintigraphic alone, four). Nine responders re‐evaluated had scintigraphic evidence of improvement. The majority of responders who were re‐evaluated had improvement in autonomic testing (six of seven) or manometry (two of two).Conclusions & InferencesThis proof of principle study illustrates the importance of considering an autoimmune basis for idiopathic gastrointestinal dysmotility and supports the utility of a diagnostic trial of immunotherapy.
Wood nitrogen concentrations in tropical trees: phylogenetic patterns and ecological correlates
Authors: Martin Adam R. , Erickson David L. , Kress W. John , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn tropical and temperate trees, wood chemical traits are hypothesized to covary with species' life‐history strategy along a ‘wood economics spectrum’ (WES), but evidence supporting these expected patterns remains scarce. Due to its role in nutrient storage, we hypothesize that wood nitrogen (N) concentration will covary along theWES, being higher in slow‐growing species with high wood density (WD), and lower in fast‐growing species with lowWD.In order to test this hypothesis we quantified wood N concentrations in 59 Panamanian hardwood species, and used this dataset to examine ecological correlates and phylogenetic patterns of wood N.WoodNvaried > 14‐fold among species between 0.04 and 0.59%; closely related species were more similar in wood N than expected by chance. WoodNwas positively correlated withWD, and negatively correlated with log‐transformed relative growth rates, although these relationships were relatively weak. We found evidence for co‐evolution between wood N and bothWDand log‐transformed mortality rates.Our study provides evidence that woodNcovaries with tree life‐history parameters, and that these patterns consistently co‐evolve in tropical hardwoods. These results provide some support for the hypothesizedWES, and suggest that wood is an increasingly important N pool through tropical forest succession.
Reliability of primary caregivers reports on lifestyle behaviours of European pre‐school children: the ToyBox‐study
Authors: González‐Gil E. M. , Mouratidou T. , Cardon G. , Androutsos O. , De Bourdeaudhuij I. , Góźdź M. , Usheva N. , Birnbaum J. , Manios Y. , Moreno L. A. ,   ToyBox‐study group
Published: July 2014

SummaryReliable assessments of health‐related behaviours are necessary for accurate evaluation on the efficiency of public health interventions. The aim of the current study was to examine the reliability of a self‐administered primary caregivers questionnaire (PCQ) used in the ToyBox‐intervention. The questionnaire consisted of six sections addressing sociodemographic and perinatal factors, water and beverages consumption, physical activity, snacking and sedentary behaviours. Parents/caregivers from six countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain) were asked to complete the questionnaire twice within a 2‐week interval. A total of 93 questionnaires were collected. Test–retest reliability was assessed using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability of the six questionnaire sections was assessed. A stronger agreement was observed in the questions addressing sociodemographic and perinatal factors as opposed to questions addressing behaviours. Findings showed that 92% of the ToyBox PCQ had a moderate‐to‐excellent test–retest reliability (defined as ICC values from 0.41 to 1) and less than 8% poor test–retest reliability (ICC < 0.40). Out of the total ICC values, 67% showed good‐to‐excellent reliability (ICC from 0.61 to 1). We conclude that the PCQ is a reliable tool to assess sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal factors and lifestyle behaviours of pre‐school children and their families participating in the ToyBox‐intervention.
Pediatric Dermatology: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Prindaville Brea , Antaya Richard J. , Siegfried Elaine C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUp to 30% percent of pediatric primary care visits include a skin‐related problem, and referrals are hampered by appointment wait times among the longest of any pediatric subspecialty. Despite the clear demand for pediatric dermatologists, there has been a long‐standing shortage of providers, leaving dermatology as one of the most underserved pediatric subspecialties. Another consequence of the workforce shortage is the limited opportunity for pediatric dermatology training for residents and postgraduate general pediatricians and dermatologists. This review includes the evolution of the subspecialty from conception through the present, along with obstacles to workforce expansion and potential solutions to improve access to care for children with skin diseases.
Aspirin Therapy in Venous Malformation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Benefits, Side Effects, and Patient Experiences
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer T. , Koerper Marion A. , Hess Christopher P. , Dowd Christopher F. , Hoffman William Y. , Dickman Meghan , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVenous malformations (VMs) are often painful and may enlarge over time. Chronic coagulopathy is common in VMs and may contribute to phleboliths and potentially to disease progression. Few studies have examined the effects of anticoagulation on VMs and to our knowledge none have examined the use of aspirin therapy. A survey was administered to patients and parents of patients with VMs who attended the University of California at San Francisco Vascular Anomalies Center over a 4‐year period (2008–2012) to whom aspirin had been recommended. They were surveyed regarding whether they were taking aspirin and, if yes, whether aspirin had resulted in any appreciable benefit. Sixty‐five letters were sent to potential subjects: 38 participated and 27 declined to participate or could not be contacted. Twenty‐eight of the 38 had begun aspirin and 22 reported current use. Seventeen reported some benefit, including less aching (n = 2), less shooting pain (n = 15), less fullness and swelling (n = 13), and shrinking of the VM (n = 1). Discontinuation of aspirin was associated with worsening VM symptoms in five of six patients. Side effects were reported in 6 of 28 patients, including five episodes of minor bleeding or excessive bruising and one of nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that aspirin may be a beneficial treatment for VM, with a reduction in pain and soft tissue swelling and an acceptable side‐effect profile, but the retrospective nature of the study and the small size of the cohort limited our conclusions. Larger prospective studies of aspirin for VM using clinical and laboratory outcome measures are needed to confirm these observations.