bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a variational data assimilation system in an operational 1/4 degree global ocean model
Authors: Waters Jennifer , Lea Daniel J. , Martin Matthew J. , Mirouze Isabelle , Weaver Anthony , While James 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article describes the implementation of an incremental first guess at an appropriate time three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation scheme, NEMOVAR, in the Met Office's operational 1/4 degree global ocean model. NEMOVAR assimilates observations of sea‐surface temperature (SST), sea‐surface height (SSH), in situ temperature and salinity profiles and sea ice concentration. The Met Office is the first centre to implement NEMOVAR at 1/4 degree and the required developments are discussed, with particular focus on the specification of the background‐error covariances.Background‐error correlations in NEMOVAR are modelled using a diffusion operator. The horizontal background‐error correlations for temperature, salinity and sea ice concentration are parametrized using the Rossby radius, which produces relatively short correlation length‐scales at mid to high latitudes, while a flow‐dependent mixed‐layer depth parametrization is used to define the vertical length‐scales for the 3D variables.Results from a one‐year reanalysis with NEMOVAR are presented and compared with the preceding operational data assimilation scheme at the Met Office. NEMOVAR is shown to provide significant improvements to SST, SSH and sea ice concentration fields, with the largest improvements seen in regions of high variability such as eddy shedding and frontal regions and the marginal ice zone. This improvement is associated with shorter correlation length‐scales in the extratropics and an improved fit to observations in NEMOVAR. Some degradation to subsurface temperature and salinity fields where data are sparse is identified and this will be the focus of future improvements to the system.
Eigenschaften von Stabbogenbrücken bei dynamischer Anregung und abgestimmte Ermüdungslastmodelle
Authors: Bransch Martin , Haß Sebastian , Priebe Jürgen , Starossek Uwe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBei vorhandenen stählernen Stabbogenbrücken mit freistehenden Bögen treten häufig seitliche Bogenschwingungen auf, welche aus überfahrenden Fahrzeugen resultieren. Das lange Nachschwingen erzeugt eine große Ermüdungsbeanspruchung für den Bogen und angrenzende Bauteile. Es wird außerdem von Personen auf der Brücke als unangenehm empfunden. Die Problematik tritt immer bei dem gleichen, häufig vorkommenden Stabbogenbrückentyp auf.Deshalb wird hier die seitliche Bogenschwingung bei dynamischer Anregung analysiert. Dafür wird ein aus dem Gesamtsystem herausgelöster Stabbogen mit seiner Differentialgleichung untersucht. Außerdem wird die Energiewanderung im Gesamtsystem betrachtet, die besonders zwischen den beiden Stabbögen auftritt.Im Weiteren werden zwei abgestimmte Ermüdungslastmodelle für den schwingungsanfälligen Stabbogen vorgeschlagen. Bei diesen werden Achsabstand und Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs angepasst, um den Bogen zu Resonanzschwingungen anzuregen.Characteristics of steel bowstring bridges under dynamic excitation and tuned fatigue load models. Lateral arch vibrations, resulting from crossing vehicles, are frequently observed at existing steel bowstring bridges. The long post oscillation induces a large fatigue load for the arch and the adjacent construction components. Also, it feels uncomfortable to persons on the bridge. This problem always occurs at the same, widespread steel bowstring bridge type.Hence, the dynamic behavior of the lateral arch vibration is analyzed here. Therefore, the arch is extracted from the bridge system and its differential equation is examined. Moreover, the energy flow is considered, which arises especially between the two arches.Also, two tuned fatigue load models are proposed for the vibration susceptible arch. Adjustable distance between axles and adjustable speed of vehicles are introduced for these to excite lateral arch vibrations.
Verstärkung und Instandsetzung der Hängebrücke über die Saar in Mettlach
Authors: Stihl Thomas , Heiland Uwe , Seidel Martin , Heinzel Uwe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Instandsetzung der Hängebrücke über die Saar in Mettlach sollte nach der bereits 2013 erfolgten Fahrbahntafelerneuerung mit dem Ersatz der seitlich angebauten Gehwege und der Ergänzung um einen Radweg sowie einem Korrosionsschutz für die Brückentafel in 2013/14 abgeschlossen werden. Diese Arbeiten wurden, wie die erste Maßnahme, mit der Vorgabe, den öffentlichen Verkehr im Brückenbereich aufrechtzuerhalten, ausgeführt. Während der Instandsetzungsarbeiten wurden jedoch gravierende Schäden an den Hauptträgern festgestellt. Der Bericht beschreibt die damit verbundenen Umstände und die Lösungsansätze, die bei der Brückeninstandsetzung just in time entwickelt werden mussten. Dabei stand alles unter der Prämisse, den Verkehr auf und unter der innerstädtischen Brücke ohne größere Beeinträchtigungen aufrecht zu erhalten.Strengthening and restoration of the suspension bridge in Mettlach, Germany – Bridge renovation under continuous traffic. It was planned to finish the 2013/14 renovation of the suspension bridge Mettlach after the installation of lateral mounted pedestrian walkways, extended by a bicycle path and after the completion of painting works of the bridge deck. These works had to be executed while public traffic was still on the bridge, same as the first measure in 2013. While processing the renovation serious damages at the main beams were detected. This report describes the circumstances of the handling and the solutions that have been developed to solve the task of repair. All this had to be done just in time under the premise to maintain the traffic of the urban bridge without major impairments.
Näherungsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Ermüdungsgefährdung von Hängern
Authors: Schmidmeier Michael , Schütz Karl G. , Ehmann Rainer 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEine detaillierte Untersuchung der Ermüdungssicherheit von stählernen Hängern in bestehenden Stabbogenbrücken erfordert in der Regel umfangreiche Nachrechnungen an räumlichen Gesamttragwerken und an Hänger‐Teilmodellen. Zur einheitlichen und kostengünstigen Beurteilung dieser Problematik wurde für die betroffenen Bauwerke der Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung als alternative Vorgehensweise ein ingenieurmäßiges Bewertungsverfahren erarbeitet. Dieses basiert auf Näherungslösungen, die eine Abschätzung der in Rundstahlhängern und ihren Anschlussbereichen auftretenden Beanspruchungen durch Winderregung und Verkehr erlauben. Zwei der hierzu entwickelten Näherungsverfahren – zur Eigenfrequenzermittlung sowie zur Bestimmung von relevanten Biegebeanspruchungen in Hängern – werden nachfolgend beschrieben.Approximation method to evaluate the fatigue design of hangers. A detailed investigation of the fatigue design of steel hangers in existing arch bridges usually requires extensive recalculations using 3D models of the complete structure and partial submodels of the hangers. As an alternative approach, an engineering assessment procedure has been developed to evaluate the affected bridges of the German waterways and shipping administration, to ensure standardised and economic treatment of this issue. It is based on approximate methods that make it possible to estimate the loads in round steel hangers and their connection areas under the influence of wind and traffic. Two of the approximation methods developed for this purpose – the determination of the natural frequency and of relevant bending stresses in hangers – are described below.
DIN EN 1993‐1‐1‐konforme integrierte Stabilitätsanalysen für 2D/3D‐Stahlkonstruktionen (Teil 3)
Authors: Papp Ferenc , Rubert Achim , Szalai József 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beschreibt – im dritten und letzten Teil – die Anwendung der “Allgemeinen Methode“ nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Abschnitt 6.3.4 auf komplexe 3D‐Konstruktionen. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese verblüffend einfache Nachweismethode gegen räumliches Stabilitätsversagen von Stahlkonstruktionen (vor allem mit dünnwandigen offenen torsionsweichen) Profilen zu gleichwertigen Ergebnissen führt wie die alternative, aber aufwendigere so genannte “Äquivalente Imperfektionsmethode“ nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Abschnitt 5.3.2 (11). Die “Allgemeine Methode“ wird in Abschnitt 15 modifiziert und damit auch für Profile anwendbar, die unter reiner Normalkraftbeanspruchung mit Biegedrillknickversagen antworten.DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 based integrated stability analysis of 2D/3D steel structures (part 3). This paper – as the third and last part of a series of three parts – presents the use of the “General Method” of DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, chapter 6.3.4 for complex 3D steel structures. It shows that this surprising easy to handle method for global stability checks of spatial buckling behavior of steel constructions with thin‐walled cross sections leads to the same results as the more complicate “Equivalent Imperfection Method” of DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, chapter 5.3.2(11), which uses the elastic global eigenshapes. In chapter 15 the “General Method” is modified in order to use it for structures with cross sections, which fail with flexural torsional buckling shapes.
Construction Of Two New 6‐connected Manganese(II) Metal Organic Frameworks via Isomeric Biphenyldicarboxylates Based on the Dinuclear Secondary Building Unit
Authors: Zou Guanglong , Wang Xuelin , Li Tingting , Fang Zhiqing , Xie Bing 
Published: May 2014

Abstract Two coordination polymers, namely {[Mn(2,4′‐bpdc)(bimb)(H2O)0.5]·0.5H2O}n (1) and [Mn(4,4′‐bpdc)(bimb)]n·2.5H2O (2) [2,4′‐bpdc = biphenyl‐2,4′‐dicarboxylate, 4,4′‐bpdc = biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate, and bimb = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene], were hydrothermally synthesized by reactions of manganese(II) salt with the rigid ligand 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene and isomeric biphenyl dicarboxylate ligands. Complex 1 has an unusual 6‐connected three‐dimensional (3D) architecture with point symbol (44.611). Complex 2 has also a 3D structure with two‐interpenetrated pcu topology with point symbol (412.63). Structural comparisons show that the positions of the carboxylate groups in the ligand backbone play an important role in governing the structural topologies of these complexes.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: An Over‐Treated Malignancy?
Authors: Wang Tracy S. , Goffredo Paolo , Sosa Julie Ann , Roman Sanziana A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical importance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial, with current guidelines suggesting that thyroid lobectomy alone is sufficient. The purpose of this study was to identify population‐level treatment patterns in the USA for PTMC.MethodsPatients with PTMC in SEER (1998–2010) were included; demographic, clinical (extent of surgery, administration of post‐operative radioactive iodine [RAI]), and pathologic characteristics were examined. Outcomes of interest were 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsThe cohort consisted of 29,512 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 48.5 years; mean tumor size was 0.53 cm. Overall, 73.4 % of patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and RAI was administered to 31.3 %. In multivariate analysis, total thyroidectomy was more frequently performed in patients with multifocal (odds ratio [OR] 2.55), ‘regional’, or ‘distant’ PTMC (OR 2.90 and 2.59). Non‐operative management was associated with male patients (OR 4.24) and those aged ≥65 years (OR 6.31). Post‐operative RAI was associated with multifocal PTMC (OR 2.57). Overall, 5‐ and 10‐year DSS was 99.6 and 99.3 %, respectively, with no difference in DSS between patients who underwent partial versus total thyroidectomy. OS of patients with PTMC who underwent any thyroid operation was similar to that of the general population of the USA.ConclusionsAn increasing number of patients are undergoing total thyroidectomy and RAI for PTMC. While there may be a subset of patients for whom more aggressive therapy is indicated, many patients with PTMC may be over‐treated, with no demonstrable benefit to survival.
SACE_3986, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, negatively controls erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Wu Panpan , Pan Hui , Zhang Congming , Wu Hang , Yuan Li , Huang Xunduan , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-ce , Weaver David T , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Buchang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Erythromycin, a medically important antibiotic, is produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Unusually, the erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster lacks a regulatory gene, and the regulation of its biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In this study, through gene deletion, complementation and overexpression experiments, we identified a novel TetR family transcriptional regulator SACE_3986 negatively regulating erythromycin biosynthesis in S. erythraea A226. When SACE_3986 was further inactivated in an industrial strain WB, erythromycin A yield of the mutant was increased by 54.2 % in average compared with that of its parent strain, displaying the universality of SACE_3986 as a repressor for erythromycin production in S. erythraea. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SACE_3986 repressed the transcription of its adjacent gene SACE_3985 (which encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI and the resistance gene ermE. As determined by EMSA analysis, purified SACE_3986 protein specifically bound to the intergenic region between SACE_3985 and SACE_3986, whereas it did not bind to the promoter regions of eryAI and ermE. Furthermore, overexpression of SACE_3985 in A226 led to enhanced erythromycin A yield by at least 32.6 %. These findings indicate that SACE_3986 is a negative regulator of erythromycin biosynthesis, and the adjacent gene SACE_3985 is one of its target genes. The present study provides a basis to increase erythromycin production by engineering of SACE_3986 and SACE_3985 in S. erythraea.
Deposition and decomposition of cattle dung and its impact on soil properties and plant growth in a cool‐temperate pasture
Authors: Yoshitake Shinpei , Soutome Hiromi , Koizumi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLivestock dung provides an important direct pathway by which carbon and nutrients enter soils in pasture ecosystems and affects carbon and nitrogen cycling indirectly through changes in soil and plant properties. Here, we quantify dung deposition, decomposition, and the effects of dung on soil and plants in a Zoysia japonica grassland in Japan. We determined (1) the distribution of dung, (2) the mass loss rate of dung and the amount of carbon respired as CO2, and (3) changes in soil properties and aboveground biomass of Z. japonica. Dung deposition was 4.0–9.7 g C and 0.4–1.0 g N m−2 year−1 and distributed patchily (Morishita's Iδ > 1). Most (71 %) of the carbon in dung deposited in June was lost within a single grazing period by aerobic decomposition, more than mass loss rate of Z. japonica litter in the first year (about 50 %), suggesting that grazing and defecation can accelerate carbon cycling compared with the typical litterfall–decomposition regime. Nitrogen in dung mass entered the soil as ammonium nitrogen and was nitrified. The spatiotemporal distribution of these processes corresponded to that of stimulated Z. japonica growth. These results suggested that dung deposition significantly affected the inorganic nitrogen status of soil and, therefore, the growth of Z. japonica. However, these effects were very restricted temporally (July–August) and spatially (within 10 cm from dung edge). Thus, such spatiotemporally restricted effects combined with the patchy distribution of dung may contribute to the heterogeneous structure of pasture ecosystems.
Establishing the Surgical Nurse Liaison Role to Improve Patient and Family Member Communication
Authors: Herd Hope A. , Rieben Melissa A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHaving clear personal communication with a surgical patient's family members decreases the anxiety and increases patient and family member satisfaction. Perioperative team members at one East Coast community hospital implemented a new approach to communication in the perioperative area to address patient satisfaction after patient survey scores declined in the areas of communication and calming fears. An additional consideration was the facility's plan to move to a new facility in which the surgical department would be split across two floors. A literature review revealed that adding a surgical nurse liaison can increase patient, family member, and staff member satisfaction. The administration approved creation of the position, with duties that included managing the waiting area, facilitating interaction between physicians and patients' family members, and assisting with family visits to the perianesthesia unit. After implementation of this position, results of surveys showed increases in patient satisfaction. One year after the position was established, staff members reported they were happy with the position as well.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Environmental Cleaning
Authors: Allen George 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have developed an increasing awareness of the role of the environment in the development of health care–associated infections. AORN's “Recommended practices for environmental cleaning” is an evidence‐based document that provides specific guidance for cleaning processes, for the selection of appropriate cleaning equipment and supplies, and for ongoing education and quality improvement. This updated recommended practices document has an expanded focus on the need for health care personnel to work collaboratively to accomplish adequately thorough cleanliness in a culture of safety and mutual support. Perioperative nurses, as the primary advocates for patients while they are being cared for in the perioperative setting, should help ensure that a safe, clean environment is reestablished after each surgical procedure.
Benzylidene‐indolinones are effective as multi‐targeted kinase inhibitor therapeutics against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ho Han Kiat , Chua Boon Tin , Wong Winnie , Lim Kah Suan , Teo Vivian , Ong Hooi-Tin , Chen Xiao , Zhang Wei , Hui Kam M. , Go Mei Lin , Ullrich Axel 
Published: May 2014

Effective pharmacological intervention of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently lacking. Despite the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the targeted therapy of several malignancies, no agent has been developed to specifically interfere with the oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling aberrations found in HCC. Therefore, we adopted an orthogonal biological phenotypic screening approach to uncover candidate compounds: based on a potent cytotoxicity toward HCC‐derived cell lines, and minimal toxicity toward normal liver cells. Given the success of indolinone as a chemical scaffold in deriving potent multi‐kinase inhibitors (e.g. sunitinib), we screened a group of newly synthesized benzylidene‐indolinones. Among the candidates, E/Z 6‐Chloro‐3‐(3‐trifluoromethyl‐benzyliden)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one (compound 47) exhibited potent anti‐proliferative, anti‐migratory, pro‐apoptotic properties and good safety profile as compared to known multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib. Additionally, an accompanying suppression of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) transcription, an HCC tumor marker, implies a favorable selectivity and efficacy on HCC. The in vivo efficacy was demonstrated in an HCC xenograft where 47 was administered once weekly (60 mg/kg) and suppressed tumor burden to the same extent as sorafenib (30 mg/kg daily). A receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array study revealed promising inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases such as IGF‐1R, Tyro3 and EphA2 phosphorylation. Gene silencing of these targets ameliorated the cytotoxic potential of 47 on the HuH7 cell line, thereby implicating their contribution to the tumorigenicity of HCC. Hence, 47 exhibits potent anti‐cancer effects on HCC cell lines, and is a suitable lead for developing multi‐targeted kinase inhibitors of relevance to HCC.
Acute hormonal response to glucose, lipids and arginine infusion in overweight cats
Authors: Martin Lucile J. M. , Lutz Thomas A. , Daumas Caroline , Bleis Philippe , Nguyen Patrick , Biourge Vincent , Dumon Henri J. W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn cats, the incidence of obesity and diabetes is increasing, and little is known about specific aspects of the endocrine control of food intake in this species. Recent data suggest that ghrelin has an important role in the control of insulin secretion and vice versa, but this role has never been demonstrated in cats. Here we aimed to improve our understanding about the relationship between insulin, amylin and ghrelin secretion in response to a nutrient load in overweight cats. After a 16 h fast, weekly, six overweight male cats underwent randomly one of the four testing sessions: saline, glucose, arginine and TAG. All solutions were isoenergetic and isovolumic, and were injected intravenously as a bolus. Glucose, insulin, acylated ghrelin (AG), amylin and prolactin were assayed in plasma before and 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min after the nutrient load. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the effect of bolus and time on the parameters. A parenteral bolus of glucose or arginine increased insulin and ghrelin concentrations in cats. Except for with the TAG bolus, no suppression of ghrelin was observed. The absence of AG suppression after the intravenous load of arginine and glucose may suggest: (1) that some nutrients do not promote satiation in overweight cats; or that (2) AG may be involved in non-homeostatic consumption mechanisms. However, the role of ghrelin in food reward remains to be assessed in cats.
Consuming foods with added oligofructose improves stool frequency: a randomised trial in healthy young adults
Authors: Dahl Wendy J. , Wright Arnelle R. , Specht Gretchen J. , Christman Mary , Mathews Anne , Meyer Diederick , Boileau Thomas , Willis Holly J. , Langkamp-Henken Bobbi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe impact of oligofructose (OF) intake on stool frequency has not been clearly substantiated, while significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been reported in some individuals. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of OF on stool frequency and GI symptoms in healthy adults. In an 8-week, randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm study, ninety-eight participants were provided with 16 g OF in yogurt and snack bars (twenty male and thirty female) or matching control foods (seventeen male and thirty-one female), to incorporate, by replacement, into their usual diets. Participants completed a daily online questionnaire recording stool frequency and rating four symptoms: bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramping and noise, each on a Likert scale from ‘0’ for none (no symptoms) to ‘6’ for very severe, with a maximum symptom intensity score of 24 (sum of severities from all four symptoms). Online 24 h dietary recalls were completed during pre-baseline and weeks 4, 6 and 8 to determine fibre intake. When provided with OF foods, fibre intake increased to 24·3 (sem 0·5) g/d from pre-baseline (12·1 (sem 0·5) g/d; P < 0·001). Stool frequency increased with OF from 1·3 (sem 0·2) to 1·8 (sem 0·2) stools per d in males and 1·0 (sem 0·1) to 1·4 (sem 0·1) stools per d in females during intervention weeks compared with pre-baseline (P < 0·05),but did not change for control participants (males: 1·6 (sem 0·2) to 1·8 (sem 0·2); females: 1·3 (sem 0·1) to 1·4 (sem 0·1)). Flatulence was the most commonly reported symptom. Mean GI symptom intensity score was higher for the OF group (3·2 (sem 0·3)) v. control (1·7 (sem 0·1)) (P < 0·01), with few participants reporting above moderate symptoms. No change in symptom intensity occurred over time. Consuming yogurt and snack bars with 16 g OF improves regularity in young healthy adults. However, GI symptoms, resulting from an increase in oligofructose intake, may not diminish with time.