bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off‐axis partial coherence interferometry in myopes and emmetropes
Authors: Ehsaei Asieh , Chisholm Catharine M , Pacey Ian E , Mallen Edward AH 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThis study describes the axial and peripheral dimensions of myopic and emmetropic eyes in a wide range of retinal locations using a non‐contact optical biometer (Zeiss IOLMaster) based upon the principle of partial coherence interferometry. Understanding the optical properties of the peripheral eye may provide insight into myopia development and the possible effects on off‐axis visual performance.MethodsFifty‐two myopes (spherical equivalent between −2.00 and −9.62 D) and 27 emmetropes (spherical equivalent between −0.50 and +0.50 D) with astigmatism less than 0.75 D, participated in this study. Axial length and peripheral cornea to retina lengths were measured using partial coherence interferometry at the fovea and up to ±30° eccentricity along the horizontal and vertical meridian in 10° steps. Relative cornea to retina length was calculated by subtracting the axial length from that obtained at each peripheral location.ResultsOur results showed significant differences between refractive groups for both horizontal (p < 0.001) and vertical (p < 0.001) meridians, illustrating that the retinal shape profile is significantly different between myopes and emmetropes. Myopic eyes exhibited a greater rate of change in cornea to retina lengths with increasing eccentricity than emmetropic eyes, with the temporal portion of the retina exhibiting the steepest shift. In addition, significant nasal‐temporal asymmetry was observed, which was more pronounced in myopic eyes.ConclusionsAxial and peripheral cornea to retina dimension measurements, using partial coherence interferometry, suggest that myopic eyes tend toward an ellipsoid shape compared to the spherical emmetropic eyes.
Pain monitoring in anesthetized children: first assessment of skin conductance and analgesia‐nociception index at different infusion rates of remifentanil
Authors: Sabourdin Nada , Arnaout Michel , Louvet Nicolas , Guye Marie‐Laurence , Piana Federica , Constant Isabelle 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundAnalgesia and nociception can not be specifically monitored during general anesthesia. Movement of the patient or hemodynamic variations are usually considered as symptoms of insufficient analgesia. The measure of skin conductance (SC) allows an assessment of peripheral sympathetic activity. The analgesia‐nociception index (ANI) provides an evaluation of the parasympathetic activity based on heart rate variability. These two non‐invasive monitors might allow a better assessment of perioperative nociception.ObjectivesDescribe the profiles of SC and ANI after a standardized nociceptive stimulation, in anesthetized children, at different infusion rates of remifentanil.Materials/MethodsFor this pilot study, 12 children (8.4 ± 5 years) scheduled for middle‐ear surgery were anesthetized with desflurane to maintain a bispectral index at 50. Remifentanil was used for analgesia, at an initial infusion rate of 0.2 μg·kg−1·min−1. Remifentanil infusion rate was then decreased: Five steady‐state periods of 10 min were obtained at 0.2, 0.16, 0.12, 0.08, and 0.04 μg·kg−1·min−1. At the end of each period, a standardized tetanic stimulation was applied to the patient. Variations in heart rate, blood pressure, SC, and ANI were recorded before and after each stimulation.ResultsAfter the stimulation, ANI was significantly decreased compared with prestimulation values for all remifentanil infusion rates. This decrease was greater at 0.04 μg·kg−1·min−1 than at the other infusion rates. SC, heart rate, and blood pressure were not modified by the stimulations, whatever the dose of remifentanil.ConclusionANI might provide a more sensitive assessment of nociception in anesthetized children than hemodynamic parameters or skin conductance.
The development of continuous positive airway pressure: an interview with Dr. George Gregory
Authors: Mai Christine L. , Yaster Myron , Firth Paul 
Published: November 2012

SummaryGeorge Gregory, M.D. (1934‐), Professor Emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco, has made numerous contributions to neonatology and pediatric anesthesia through his research efforts and authoritative textbook, Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia. However he identified his defining moment as the occasion he saved the life of an infant suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation. The development of CPAP by Gregory revolutionized the treatment of premature infants with respiratory failure. Prior to the creation of this treatment, the mortality rate of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome was >50%. The innovation markedly improved the ventilation of infants with respiratory distress and led to significant improvements in survival rates. Based on an interview with Dr. Gregory, this article describes the discovery of CPAP and reviews his career in advancing pediatric anesthesia and critical care medicine.
The paracetamol concentration‐effect relation in neonates
Authors: Allegaert Karel , Naulaers Gunnar , Vanhaesebrouck Sophie , Anderson Brian J 
Published: November 2012

SummaryObjectivesWe suggested a loading dose (20 mg·kg−1) followed by 10 mg·kg−1 q6h of intravenous (IV) paracetamol to achieve an effect compartment concentration of 11 mg·l−1 in neonates. Since there are no pharmacodynamic data to support such an effect compartment concentration, pain scores collected in neonates treated with an IV paracetamol loading dose (20 mg·kg−1) were used to validate this effect compartment concentration.MethodsPain scores (Leuven Neonatal Pain Score, LNPS, 0–14) before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after IV paracetamol loading dose administration in neonates to whom IV paracetamol was administered as single analgesic (PARANEO, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00969176) were collected. Trends were analyzed using repeated measures anova. An Emax model with a delayed response compartment was fitted to data using population modeling.ResultsNineteen of 60 neonates included in the PARANEO study received monotherapy with IV paracetamol to treat mild to moderate pain (e.g., alprostadil administration, delivery related trauma). Using repeated measures anova, there was a trend (P = 0.02) for lower pain scores within 30 min after administration, with a slight increase in pain scores from 5 to 6 h. An Emax model had a maximum effect of 4.15 pain units, an EC50 of 2.07 mg·l−1. Equilibration halftime (T1/2keo) was 1.58 h.ConclusionIntravenous paracetamol is effective for moderate pain. An effect compartment concentration of 10 mg·l−1 (loading dose of 20 mg·kg−1) is associated with a pain score reduction of 3.4 LNPS units. This analysis suggests a similar paracetamol effect compartment concentration in neonates compared to children.
Prevalence of the E318K MITF germline mutation in Italian melanoma patients: associations with histological subtypes and family cancer history
Authors: Ghiorzo P. , Pastorino L. , Queirolo P. , Bruno W. , Tibiletti M. G. , Nasti S. , Andreotti V. ,   Genoa Pancreatic Cancer Study Group, Paillerets B. Bressac‐de , Bianchi Scarrà G. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA French and an Australian study have recently identified a rare germline functional variant in the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) (E318K) that predisposes to familial and sporadic melanoma and to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), showing a new link between two tumour types with different risk factors and between deregulated sumoylation and cancer. The aim of this study was to test the prevalence of the MITF E318K mutation in 667 Italian melanoma patients. We observed significant associations between histological subtypes and family cancer history. Carriers exhibited a nearly threefold higher risk of developing melanoma compared with controls. Carriers were also more likely to have developed multiple primary melanomas (6.40‐fold), compared with wt patients. Carriers with a personal and/or family history of pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer had a nearly 31‐ and eightfold higher risk of developing melanoma compared with wt patients. Our findings further support MITF as a medium‐penetrance melanoma susceptibility gene, highlight a potential association with histological subtypes and suggest that MITF may predispose to pancreatic cancer.
Bilateral Acromial Dimples: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Debosz Joanna , Haber Richard M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBilateral acromial dimples are uncommon in pediatric dermatology. They are usually found as a sporadic finding with limited clinical symptoms but may cause concern for parents. They can occur spontaneously or be inherited. Bilateral acromial dimples may occasionally be present as part of more complex syndromes. This article reports an 18‐month‐old girl with congenital bilateral acromial dimples and presents a classification of this unusual entity. A literature review of English and non‐English publications was performed. We report the second case of bilateral acromial dimples seen in the context of maternal cocaine use during pregnancy. Our case is probably sporadic and nonsyndromal. We suggest that bilateral acromial dimples be classified as syndromal or nonsyndromal and that nonsyndromal cases be subdivided into inherited and sporadic. Although bilateral acromial dimples can be seen in 18q deletion syndrome, Apert syndrome, Say syndrome, and a recently described syndrome in Brazil, our review of the literature does not support the association with trisomy 9 syndrome. Dermatologists need to be aware of this unusual cutaneous finding and potential syndromal associations. The significance of the association with fetal exposure to cocaine during pregnancy has yet to be determined. The biological mother was not available for assessment for bilateral acromial dimples.
Extragenital Bullous Lichen Sclerosus in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shiver Mallory , Papasakelariou Catherine , Ahmad Brown Jameel , Wirges Marla , Kincannon Jay 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl presented with a 1‐year history of a pruritic, bullous lesion on her posterior neck. A biopsy revealed bullous lichen sclerosus. Although unusual, this bullous variant of lichen sclerosus is well recognized in the adult literature, but extragenital bullous and hemorrhagic lesions are rare in children. A review of this case and the literature describes the clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment options for this extragenital bullous variant in an effort to raise awareness of this rare clinical presentation.
Annual and herbaceous perennial native Australian plant species are symptomless hosts of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest of Western Australia
Authors: Crone M. , McComb J. A. , O'Brien P. A. , Hardy G. E. St J. 
Published: November 2012

Resistant annual and herbaceous perennial plant species were identified as key hosts which allow Phytophthora cinnamomi to persist on severely impacted black gravel sites within the Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest of southwest Western Australia. Of the annual and herbaceous perennial plant species present on black gravel sites, 15 out of 19 species were found to be hosts of P. cinnamomi, and 10 of these were symptomless hosts. In particular, the native annual Trachymene pilosa and the two native herbaceous perennials Stylidium diuroides and Chamaescilla corymbosa were commonly found to be hosts of the pathogen. Species from 12 new genera including three from new families (Crassulaceae, Droseraceae and Primulaceae) are reported for the first time to be hosts of P. cinnamomi. The species from which P. cinnamomi was recovered were the native species: Chamaescilla corymbosa, Crassula closiana, Drosera erythrorhiza, Hydrocotyle callicarpa, Levenhookia pusilla, Paracaleana nigrita, Podotheca angustifolia, Pterochaeta paniculata, Rytidosperma caespitosum, Siloxerus multiflorus, Stylidium diuroides and Trachymene pilosa, and the introduced annual weeds Hypochaeris glabra, Lysimachia arvensis and Pentameris airoides.
Melatonin Treatment at Dry‐off Improves Reproductive Performance Postpartum in High‐producing Dairy Cows under Heat Stress Conditions
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto I , Abdelfatah A , López‐Gatius F 
Published: November 2012

ContentsThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin treatment during the early dry‐off period on subsequent reproductive performance and milk production in high‐producing dairy cows under heat stress conditions. In experiment I, addressing the pharmacokinetics of melatonin treatment in lactating dairy cows, doses of untreated, 3, 6, 9 or 12 implants/animal (18‐mg melatonin each implant) were given as subcutaneous implants on gestation day 120–20 multiparous lactating dairy cows (four cows/dose group). Experiment II was performed during the warm season on 25 heifers and 114 high milk‐producing Holstein‐Friesian cows. Animals were randomly assigned to a control (C) or melatonin group (M). Animals in the M group received nine implants (heifers) or 12 (cows) of melatonin on day 220 of gestation. In experiment I, cows in the 12 implants group showed a higher maximum melatonin concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration curve from treatment day 0 to day 49 (AUC0–49d) than those in the remaining groups, among which there were no significant differences in this variable. In experiment II, the likelihood of repeat breeding syndrome (<3 vs ≥4 AIs per cow) and pregnancy loss (first trimester) were 0.36 and 0.19 times lower in treated than control animals, respectively. Plasma prolactin levels decreased significantly (p = 0.01) after melatonin treatment and recovered during the postpartum compared to control cows. No significant effects on milk production were observed in the subsequent lactation. Significant differences in days open between groups (means 123 ± 71.9 and 103 ± 43, respectively, for C and M; p = 0.02) were registered. In conclusion, melatonin treatment in the early dry‐off period improves the reproductive performance of dairy cattle, reducing the number of days open, repeat breeding syndrome and pregnancy loss.
Cognitive testing in non‐demented Turkish immigrants ‐ comparison of the RUDAS and the MMSE
Authors: NIELSEN T. R. , VOGEL A. , GADE A. , WALDEMAR G. 
Published: November 2012

Nielsen, T. R. Vogel, A., Gade, A. & Waldemar, G. (2012). Cognitive testing in healthy Turkish immigrants ‐ comparison of the RUDAS and the MMSE. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 455–460.Methods for culturally and linguistically appropriate cognitive testing of elderly minority populations are lacking in Europe. The aim of this study was to compare performance on the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in Turkish immigrants in Denmark and determine the impact of demographic and health‐related variables on test performance. A sample of non‐demented community‐dwelling Turkish immigrants was recruited from the greater Copenhagen area. All participants completed a structured interview regarding demographic, physical and mental health status, as well as measures of depression and acculturation, and cognitive testing with the RUDAS and the MMSE. A total of 76 non‐demented participants aged 50 or more were included in the study. The mean performance on the RUDAS and the MMSE was 26.8 (SD 2.4) and 23.7 (SD 4.3), respectively. In group comparisons, correlation analyses and regression analyses, level of schooling represented a more significant variable for RUDAS and MMSE performance than any other variable. However, the impact of schooling was considerably more pronounced on the MMSE and the test was not found to be a valid measure of general cognitive function in subjects with less than five years of schooling. Although not entirely free of educational bias, the RUDAS can be a valuable supplement to the MMSE for assessment of general cognitive function in Turkish minority populations.
Development of sense of coherence during two group interventions
Authors: KÄHÖNEN KARI , NÄÄTÄNEN PETRI , TOLVANEN ASKO , SALMELA‐ARO KATARIINA 
Published: November 2012

Kähönen, K., Näätänen, P., Tolvanen, A. & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2012). Development of sense of coherence during two group interventions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 523–527.Burnout is a serious occupational hazard. This study investigated the possibility to develop an effective salutogenic group intervention among employees suffering from severe burnout symptoms. Participants consisted of employees aged 31 to 59 years working in different public service occupations, such as police officers, tax officers, (and other public service officers), and assigned to three different groups: analytic (N = 25), psychodramatic (N = 24) and controls (N = 28). The intervention comprised 16 separate days over a nine‐month period. Changes in sense of coherence (SOC) were measured four times with the 13‐item Orientation to Life Questionnaire during the intervention and at six‐month follow‐up, and analyzed by general linear model (GLM) and using Cohen’s d to estimate effect sizes. Change in SOC between the three groups was statistically significant (F(4,148) = 2.65, p = 0.036). The psychodrama group showed a higher increase in SOC than the analytic group during the intervention, while the improvement in the analytic group was significant during the six‐month follow‐up. Total effect size from baseline to follow‐up was in the analytic group 0.71, in the psychodrama group 0.47, and in the control group from baseline to end of intervention 0.09. The results show that it is possible to improve SOC by group intervention in the occupational healthcare context. The dialogue‐based analytic method and action‐based psychodramatic method differ in their specific effects.
Social Construction of Community and Immigration Networks in Rural Areas: Towards a Dynamic View of Their Importance to Balkan Immigrants
Authors: Labrianidis Lois , Sykas Theodosis 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study we firstly introduce a source of social capital formation that has not yet been pointed out by the theory of social capital. We do this by historically assessing the social structures in South European rural areas, with a particular focus on the ones prevailing in the Greek countryside. This is the historically embedded sense of community for people living in agricultural communities. Secondly, we introduce immigrants' social networks into the countryside's particular social environment in order to juxtapose their importance for the immigrants' integration. Our conclusion, articulated in four prepositions, is that, the interaction of immigrants with the communal structures and with the characteristics of the social capital, which is based on the sense of community, creates under appropriate conditions a favourable environment for the immigrants' socioeconomic integration.
Under Pressure: Young Farmers In Marriage Markets – A Greek Case Study
Authors: Kaberis Nikos , Koutsouris Alex 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGender issues, and masculinity in particular, have increasingly drawn the attention of scholars in the last decade. Nevertheless, given the well‐established phenomenon of young rural women's rejection of framers and exodus from rural areas, scant attention is paid to the issue of rural marriage markets. This article aims to address the topic of young farmers' perceptions and practices in their search for a bride. The target population was young males who joined the ‘Young Farmers’ programme in two tobacco producing communities in Greece. Utilising Bourdieu's oeuvre (especially ‘habitus’), we argue that young male farmers do not seem able to reflect on their current position in the local marriage market and, in general, challenge dominant structures owing to themselves being ‘trapped’ in the tobacco production habitus (including dominant masculinity). While consciousness‐raising and change seem difficult the implications of the current crisis (including social suffering and disorders) are not yet plainly manifested.
In the aftermath of the end‐Permian extinction: the microbialite refuge?
Authors: Forel Marie‐Béatrice , Crasquin Sylvie , Kershaw Steve , Collin Pierre‐Yves 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe present the first study of micro‐crustaceans (ostracods) associated with microbial crusts in the aftermath of the most devastating extinction, the end‐Permian extinction (EPE). These post‐extinction microbialites dominated shallow shelf marine environments and were traditionally considered as devoid of any associated fauna. We present a micro‐palaeontological analysis of a large record from microbial and non‐microbial settings following the EPE. This dataset documents the proliferation of ostracods strictly associated with microbialites. Based on the diet of extant ostracods and uniformitarianism, we propose that the abundant microbes in the mats served as an unlimited food supply. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria may also have locally provided oxygen under low oxygen conditions interpreted by others for the microbialites. Microbialites provided a specialised environment that may have acted as refuge for ostracods in the immediate aftermath of the EPE. The surviving faunas may have been progenitors for the starting of the latter radiation.