bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding Air‐Exposure Degradation Chemistry and Improving Strategy for Layered Sodium Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Li Feng , Tang Wei , Wu Junlin , Zhang Lanshuang , Mu Anthony , Chen Zheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping suitable cathodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with robust electrochemical performance and industrial application potential is crucial for the commercialization of large‐scale stationary energy storage systems. Layered sodium transition metal oxides, NaxTmO2 (Tm representing transition metal), possessing considerable specific capacity, high operational potential, facile synthesis, cost‐effectiveness, and environmentally friendly characteristics, stand out as viable cathode materials. Nevertheless, the prevailing challenge of air‐induced degradation in most NaxTmO2 significantly increases costs associated with production, storage, and transportation, coupled with a rapid decay in reversible capacity. This inherent obstacle inevitably impedes the advancement and commercial viability of SIBs. To address this challenge, it is essential to decode the chemistry of degradation caused by air exposure and develop protective strategies accordingly. In this review, a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms associated with air‐induced degradation is provided. Additionally, the current state‐of‐the‐art effective protective strategies are explored and discuss the corresponding sustainability and scalability features. This review concludes with an outlook on present and future research directions concerning air‐stable cathode materials, offering potential avenues for upcoming investigations in advancing alkali metal layered oxides.
The effectiveness of group music reminiscence therapy for people thriving with dementia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wong Alwin Ru Kiet , Ng Li Ting Eileen , Lee Ming Hao , Yeow James Lai Hock , Lim Yong Jia , Yap Kah Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDementia is characterized by a progressive decline in cognition, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), and quality of life (QoL). The lack of curative therapies has led to a psychosocial discourse prioritizing QoL of people thriving with dementia (PTD). Group reminiscence therapy (RT) is a relatively inexpensive intervention, with music prompts being a preferred choice, owing to robust musical memory in the early disease stage. However, a synthesis of current evidence is needed to inform research and clinical use of group music RT in dementia care. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and APA PsycArticles to critically appraise published randomized controlled trials examining group music RT to improve cognition, BPSD, and QoL in PTD. Of 14,725 articles, two RCTs involving 102 PTD were included. All studies used prerecorded music for group music RT. All studies were deemed of good quality, adhering to intention‐to‐treat analysis and assessor blinding. Based on the American Academy of Neurology guidelines, we assigned a Level C recommendation for group music RT for cognition and Level B recommendations for BPSD and QoL (ineffective). In conclusion, group music RT may be useful for symptomatic management in PTD. However, heterogeneous study designs, disease severity, dementia subtype, and outcome measures are likely barriers to meaningful clinical translation. Therefore, the rating of recommendations only serves as a point of reference. Future avenues include live performances as prompts for group music RT.
The fascinating world of polymer crystal hydrates: An overview
Authors: Filonowich Dominick , Velankar Sachin , Keith John A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymer crystal hydrates (PCHs) are crystalline solids that form between a polymer and water. To date, only four distinct PCHs have been discovered—one of polyoxacyclobutane (POCB) and water, and three different polymorphs of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and water. These PCHs were first reported decades ago and have fascinating structures and peculiar properties that make them potentially useful for a wide range of applications including refrigeration, proton conduction membranes, and desalination. This perspective revisits what is known about these compounds, categorizes their similarities and differences with other known compounds, and offers a perspective into future efforts to discover new PCHs to address technological needs for society.
Serum iron and transferrin saturation variation are circadian regulated and linked to the harmonic circadian oscillations of erythropoiesis and hepatic Tfrc expression in mice
Authors: Bennett Cavan , Pettikiriarachchi Anne , McLean Alistair R. D. , Harding Rebecca , Blewitt Marnie E. , Seillet Cyril , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSerum iron has long been thought to exhibit diurnal variation and is subsequently considered an unreliable biomarker of systemic iron status. Circadian regulation (endogenous ~24‐h periodic oscillation of a biologic function) governs many critical physiologic processes. It is unknown whether serum iron levels are regulated by circadian machinery; likewise, the circadian nature of key players of iron homeostasis is unstudied. Here we show that serum iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hepatic transferrin receptor (TFR1) gene (Tfrc) expression, and erythropoietic activity exhibit circadian rhythms. Daily oscillations of serum iron, TSAT, hepatic Tfrc expression, and erythropoietic activity are maintained in mice housed in constant darkness, where oscillation reflects an endogenous circadian period. Oscillations of serum iron, TSAT, hepatic Tfrc, and erythropoietic activity were ablated when circadian machinery was disrupted in Bmal1 knockout mice. Interestingly, we find that circadian oscillations of erythropoietic activity and hepatic Tfrc expression are maintained in opposing phase, likely allowing for optimized usage and storage of serum iron whilst maintaining adequate serum levels and TSAT. This study provides the first confirmatory evidence that serum iron is circadian regulated, discerns circadian rhythms of TSAT, a widely used clinical marker of iron status, and uncovers liver‐specific circadian regulation of TFR1, a major player in cellular iron uptake.
Exome sequencing reveals genetic heterogeneity in consanguineous Pakistani families with neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Bibi Anisa , Ji Weizhen , Jeffries Lauren , Zerillo Cynthia , Konstantino Monica , Mis Emily K. , Khursheed Filza , Khokha Mustafa K. , Lakhani Saquib A. , Malik Sajid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere remains a crucial need to address inequalities in genomic research and include populations from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Here we present eight consanguineous families from Pakistan, five with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and three with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Affected individuals were clinically characterized, and genetic variants were identified through exome sequencing (ES), followed by family segregation analysis. Affected individuals in six out of eight families (75%) carried homozygous variants that met ACMG criteria for being pathogenic (in the genes ADGRG1, METTL23, SPG11) or likely pathogenic (in the genes GPAA1, MFN2, SGSH). The remaining two families had homozygous candidate variants in the genes (AP4M1 and FAM126A) associated with phenotypes consistent with their clinical presentations, but the variants did not meet the criteria for pathogenicity and were hence classified as variants of unknown significance. Notably, the variants in ADGRG1, AP4M1, FAM126A, and SGSH did not have prior reports in the literature, demonstrating the importance of including diverse populations in genomic studies. We provide clinical phenotyping along with analyses of ES data that support the utility of ES in making accurate molecular diagnoses in these patients, as well as in unearthing novel variants in known disease‐causing genes in underrepresented populations from LMIC.
The relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Geigenmüller Joris N. , Tari Atefe R. , Wisloff Ulrik , Walker Tara L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeurogenesis persists throughout adulthood in the hippocampus and contributes to specific cognitive functions. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the hippocampus is affected by pathology and functional impairment early in the disease. Human AD patients have reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) levels compared to age‐matched healthy controls. Similarly, rodent AD models show a decrease in AHN before the onset of the classical hallmarks of AD pathology. Conversely, enhancement of AHN can protect against AD pathology and ameliorate memory deficits in both rodents and humans. Therefore, impaired AHN may be a contributing factor of AD‐associated cognitive decline, rather than an effect of it. In this review we outline the regulation and function of AHN in healthy individuals, and highlight the relationship between AHN dysfunction and cognitive impairments in AD. The existence of AHN in humans and its relevance in AD patients will also be discussed, with an outlook toward future research directions.Highlights
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the brains of mammals including humans.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in Alzheimer's disease in humans and animal models.
Power Law f(Q)$f(Q)$ Cosmology with Bulk Viscous Fluid
Authors: Rana Dheeraj Singh , Solanki Raja , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, a power law model is explored, specifically, , along with viscous matter fluid having transport coefficient . The corresponding analytical solution is derived and then confronted with recent cosmic data. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique is utilized to estimate the mean value of arbitrary parameters, by incorporating Cosmic Chronometers and recently published Pantheon+Analysis samples. In addition, some cosmological parameters are reconstructed by resampling the chains obtained by emcee, incorporating 6000 samples. It is found that the matter‐energy density depicts the expected positive behavior, whereas the effective pressure indicates the negative behavior that is leading the accelerating expansion, which is further predicted in the effective EoS parameter. Further, the asymptotic nature of the assumed model is investigated by invoking phase‐space analysis. It is concluded that the assumed viscous model successfully predicts an evolution of the universe from decelerated epoch to stable accelerated de‐Sitter epoch.
Heralded and Complete Interconversion Between W State and Knill–Laflamme–Milburn State via State‐Selective Reflection with Robust Fidelity
Authors: Ren Xue‐Mei , Guo Jing , Du Fang‐Fang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interconversion of different types of entangled states not only can realize the information transmission but also play a significant role in quantum information technologies, including increasing scalability and computational power, and reducing error rates. Here, two protocols for achieving a complete interconversion between W state and Knill–Laflamme–Milburn state assisted by the quantum dot (QD)‐cavity systems and common quantum control gates are proposed. In particular, the protocols employ a heralded approach strategically designed to predict potential failures and facilitate seamless interaction between the QD‐cavity system and photons with the help of a single photon detectors, enhancing experimental accessibility. Through extensive analyzes and evaluations of two protocols, the proposed two protocols achieve remarkable utilization rates of photons (i.e., unit in principle) and achieve near‐unit fidelities and high efficiencies in principle.
Robust Catalytic SEAr H/D Exchange of Arenes with D2O: Metal‐Free Deuteration of Natural Complexes and Drugs
Authors: Zhang Zhenguo , Lv Yongheng , Ong Wan Qing Renee , Zhao Xuefei , Jia Zhenhua , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA catalytic metal‐free approach for the H/D exchange in aromatic compounds using D2O as the terminal deuterating reagent has been developed. This metal‐free protocol employs a triaryl carbenium as the mediator and showcases a wide applicability in the late‐stage deuteration of various natural products and small‐molecule drugs. Gram‐scale deuteration was successfully demonstrated with β‐Estradiol, highlighting the method‘s practicability. Detailed mechanistic insights, supported by DFT calculations, unveiled the essential role of in situ generated acidic species in this electrophilic aromatic substitution process. This newly developed method offers a sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional metal‐catalyzed H/D exchange techniques, addressing challenges such as the use of expensive metals, impurity formation, and the necessity for residual metal removal from the final products.
Synchronously Improved Multiple Afterglow and Phosphorescence Efficiencies in 0D Hybrid Zinc Halides With Ultrahigh Anti‐Water Stabilities
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Wang Dan‐Yang , Yan Tian‐Yu , Wu Yi‐Fan , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Chen Zhi‐Wei , Yue Cheng‐Yang , Yan Dongpeng , Lei Xiao‐Wu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have been emerged as room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, but synchronous optimization of multiple phosphorescence performance in one structural platform remains less resolved, and stable RTP activity in aqueous medium is also unrealized due to serious instability toward water and oxygen. Herein, we demonstrated a photophysical tuning strategy in a new 0D hybrid zinc halide family of (BTPP)2ZnX4 (BTPP=benzyltriphenylphosphonium, X=Cl and Br). Infrequently, the delicate combination of organic and inorganic species enables this family to display multiple ultralong green afterglow and efficient self‐trapped exciton (STE) associated cyan phosphorescence. Compared with inert luminescence of [BTPP]+ cation, incorporation of anionic [ZnX4]2− effectively enhance the spin‐orbit coupling effect, which significantly boosts the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 30.66 % and 54.62 % for afterglow and phosphorescence, respectively. Synchronously, the corresponding luminescence lifetime extend to 143.94 ms and 0.308 μs surpassing the indiscernible phosphorescence of [BTPP]X salt. More importantly, this halide family presents robust RTP emission with nearly unattenuated PLQY in water and harsh condition (acid and basic aqueous solution) over half a year. The highly efficient integrated afterglow and STE phosphorescence as well as ultrahigh aqueous state RTP realize multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications in wide chemical environments.
Enantioconvergent and Site‐Selective Etherification of Carbohydrate Polyols through Chiral Copper Radical Catalysis
Authors: Guo Hao , Tan Dilber , Merten Christian , Loh Charles C. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGoing beyond currently reported two electron transformations that formed the core backdrop of asymmetric catalytic site‐selective carbohydrate polyol functionalizations, we herein report a seminal demonstration of an enantioconvergent copper catalyzed site‐selective etherification of minimally protected saccharides through a single‐electron radical pathway. Further, this strategy paves a rare strategy, through which a carboxamide scaffold that is present in some glycomimetics of pharmacological relevance, can be selectively introduced. In light of the burgeoning interest in chiral radical catalysis, and the virtual absence of such stereocontrol broadly in carbohydrate synthesis, our strategy showcased the unknown capability of chiral radical copper catalysis as a contemporary tool to address the formidable site‐selectivity challenge on a remarkable palette of naturally occurring saccharides. When reducing sugars were employed, a further dynamic kinetic resolution type glycosylation can be activated by the catalytic system to selectively generate the challenging β‐O‐glycosides.
A kinetics study on continuous dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Pei‐ya , Lu Shu‐han , Wang Bin , Yang Fusheng , Fang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) technology has unique advantages in hydrogen storage and transportation. However, the lack of research on the continuous dehydrogenation process of LOHCs has hindered the design and application of industrial dehydrogenation processes. In this work, a highly active dehydrogenation catalyst 1.5 wt% Pd/activated carbon (Pd/C) and a commercial catalyst 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 were used for the continuous dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole (12H‐NEC). Based on a tubular reactor and lab‐scale apparatus, 1.5 wt% Pd/C catalyst achieved a maximum dehydrogenation conversion of 98.3% and a maximum NEC selectivity of 95.3%, while dehydrogenation conversion and NEC selectivity with 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 were 98.3% and 97.6%, respectively. It showed the equally excellent performance between Pd/C and Pd/Al2O3, and the former has less Pd loading than the latter, with the potential of reducing the production cost of the dehydrogenation catalyst. The dehydrogenation results also indicated the difference in catalytic performance between the two kinds of catalysts. The obtained kinetics data were analyzed, and the dynamics of continuous dehydrogenation were studied to provide fundamental information for dehydrogenation scale‐up.
Synthesis of novel acrylate emulsions and examination of their synergistic effects with nanocellulose on paper strengthening
Authors: Fei Guiqiang , Zhou Zikun , Yang Chenrong , Li Shi , Xie Pan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of the “paper instead of plastic” trend, the investigation into high‐density, heavy‐weight paper has emerged as a point of interest in both academic and industrial realms. Regrettably, the paper‐strengthening agents that are commercially available fall short of meeting the strength specifications for such papers. To rectify this shortcoming, a water‐based acrylate paper‐strengthening agent (AA) was developed through radical emulsion polymerization. The most stable acrylate emulsion was obtained by amalgamating the anionic emulsifier allyloxyammonium oxymethyl sulfate nonylphenol ethoxy sulfate (DNS‐86) with the nonionic emulsifier nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP‐10) at a proportion of 1:0.6, with a dosage of 3%. Substituting the conventional strengthening agent (styrene‐butadiene latex) with the synthesized acrylate emulsion in wet‐end addition markedly improved the paper strength, registering a 54.8% increase to 29.4 MPa. The introduction of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (C‐CNF) further bolstered the mechanical properties of the paper, achieving a tensile strength of 41.44 MPa and an elongation at a break of 3.55%. These results underscore the efficacy of acrylate as a paper‐strengthening agent and the crucial role of C‐CNF in enhancing the structural integrity of paper materials.
An in situ gel electrolyte for the facile preparation of high‐safety Li‐S battery
Authors: Shao Wen‐wen , Gao Tian‐kun , Hu Mei‐qi , Ni Yu‐ting , Fei Xiao‐ni , Liu Ming‐quan , Wang Zhou , Zhou Li‐ping , Jing Mao‐xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery shows promising development potential in secondary lithium‐ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth, and safety hazards in conventional liquid electrolytes limit the popularity of Li‐S batteries in the future commercial market. In this work, a high‐performance gel electrolyte (GPE) was prepared in situ by initiating the ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) with aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate (Al(OTf)3) and using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) as a plasticizer, which can effectively improve the interfacial compatibility between sulfur cathode and the electrolyte, as well as the stability of lithium anode. The electrochemical performance of the poly‐DOL (PDOL) GPE was optimized by adjusting the concentration ratio of the initiator. When the concentration of Al(OTf)3 is 4 mM, the PDOL GPE has a high ionic conductivity up to 3.81 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a lithium ion migration number of 0.57. The assembled quasi‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 908.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with a capacity retention of 68% after 240 cycles, and its average Coulombic efficiency is maintained at 96.1%. This gel electrolyte design provides a feasible practical idea in quasi‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries.
Construction of CO2‐based thermoplastic elastomer via combining aliphatic polycarbonate and polyamide: A multiblock copolymer PPC‐mb‐PA6
Authors: Han Weikai , Pan Weibin , Liu Xianzhang , Xie Hongfeng , Jin Jie , Liang Jinling , Zhang Yufeng , Huang Guojia , Wu Jingshu , Lin Limiao , Xu Yonghang , Meng Yuezhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA CO2‐based thermoplastic elastomer, poly(propylene carbonate)‐multiblock‐polyamide6 (PPC‐mb‐PA6) copolymer, was constructed through coupling amorphous/soft PPC blocks with crystalline/hard PA6 blocks. The PPC‐mb‐PA6 copolymers with different block length pairs were designed and synthesized, and then fully characterized by structural, thermal, and mechanical analysis. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm that the multiblock sequence structure of PPC‐mb‐PA6. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that all PPC‐mb‐PA6s possess melting points around 179–206°C. The thermal and mechanical analysis indicates improved service temperatures (T5% up to 270°C) and tensile strength ranging from 15.8 to 39.6 MPa with higher PA6 content. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrates excellent shape memory effect of PPC‐mb‐PA6 with thermal stimuli responsiveness derived from the micro phase separation between soft PPC and hard PA6 domains. And the characteristic strain fixity parameter (Rf) and deformation recovery rate (Rr) are 98% and 100%, respectively, which are comparable with other excellent shape memory polymers.
Incubation time, embryonic development and the vomeronasal organ of the Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis)
Authors: Rehorek S. J. , Smith T. D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effect of lengthened incubation periods on embryonic development, especially vestigial structures, is poorly understood. An example of which is the avesuchian vomeronasal organ (VNO), a nasal chemosensory organ found in many tetrapods but absent in adult avesuchians (crocodilians and birds) in whom it is presumed to be a transitory fetal structure. The Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) has an incubation period of their eggs of about 65 days. This incubation period is twice that of domestic fowl, wherein a putative VNO has been documented as an epithelial thickening. The purpose of this study is to document the development of a putative VNO in the albatross. Serial histological sections of nine albatross embryonic heads, across 6 stages (representing days 19 to 32: stages 31–39), were examined. A paired putative VNO was present as a short, tubular structure in the anterodorsal aspect on either side of the nasal septum from stage 32 onwards, getting steadily longer in later specimens. At the earliest stages, the epithelial walls of the tube resemble a neuroepithelium, but then becomes thinner and simpler in morphology. Based on our available age range, it is unclear whether it persists as a rudimentary structure (like that of the human) or if it is a transitory structure (like in chickens) in these mid embryonic stages. Though future studies must determine the fate of the Laysan albatross VNO (e.g., is it retained postnatally?), the role of incubation period length on embryonic development is a bigger question to be explored.