bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of early‐onset Group B Streptococcal disease – the Northern Ireland experience
Authors: Eastwood KA , Craig S , Sidhu H , Boyle M , Gannon C , Ong G , Lupari M , Craven A , Magowan S , Ashe RG 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo ascertain guideline adherence for prevention of Group B Streptococcal (GBS) neonatal infection and establish prevalence and outcomes in Northern Ireland (NI).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingNorthern Ireland maternity units.PopulationUsing NI Health Information Systems the following were identified: (1) a cohort of women with one or more risk factors for GBS disease in 2009–2010, (2) all culture‐positive cases of GBS in babies aged 0–89 days (2008–2010), (3) stillbirths due to GBS (2009–2010).MethodsInformation was analysed for a 15% randomised sample of the available cases. Maternal and infant case notes were reviewed for confirmed cases of neonatal early onset GBS (EOGBS) during 2008–2010.Main outcome measuresAdherence to the 2003 RCOG guideline on prevention of GBS disease (2009–2010). Number of neonatal GBS infections: antenatal risk factors, management and neonatal outcomes (2008–2010). The number of stillbirths related to GBS (2009–2010).ResultsFive hundred and seventy‐four women had one or more identifiable risk factors for GBS disease; intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) was administered in 42% of cases. Improved administration of IAP was noted in the presence of escalating risk factors. At best, guideline adherence was 50–70%. Forty‐three neonates had proven early‐onset Group B Streptococcal disease; 55.8% had maternal risk factors. Of the total identified cases, 25.5% received IAP. The total mortality rate was 11.46%. The incidence of EOGBS disease in NI was 0.57/1000 live births.ConclusionsPrevalence of EOGBS is higher in NI than the UK as a whole. Risk factors are present in 55.8% of mothers; IAP does not prevent all cases of EOGBS.
The extensible integument of Rhipicephalus sanguineus female ticks in different feeding stages: a morphological approach
Authors: Remedio Rafael N. , Nunes Pablo H. , Camargo‐Mathias Maria I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTicks are among the most important pathogen vectors worldwide, and the knowledge of their internal and external morphology may provide relevant information that will allow an adequate control of these animals. In this sense, the integument gains prominence, not only because of its wide capacity of expansion, but also due to the fact that this region is usually the first site of contact with natural and synthetic acaricides. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the morphology of alloscutal integument of R. sanguineus female ticks in three different feeding stages by means of histological and ultramorphological analysis. Significant differences were observed in all stages, with respect to the size of cells and layers, and to cuticle unfolding throughout the feeding process. Cuticle is divided into two main layers, the epicuticle and the procuticle, and is separated from a unistratified epithelium by a subcuticular layer. Procuticle, in turn, is divided into two layers, the endocuticle and exocuticle. Unfed female ticks showed cuticle with numerous folds, which decrease in quantity as the feeding expansion of the whole animal occurs. Opening of dermal glands and presence of setae also differed among groups.
Role of constraint on the shift of ductile–brittle transition temperature of subsize Charpy specimens
Authors: Capelle J. , Ben Amara M. , Pluvinage G. , Azari Z. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe ductile–brittle transition temperature is not intrinsic to steel but depends on the specimen type and loading mode used for the test. The influence of these parameters is related to the plastic constraint. Here, the constraint is evaluated by the effective T‐stress obtained by the stress difference method on the notch tip stress distribution. From Charpy energy values at different temperatures, it is possible to obtain a material failure master curve where the notch fracture toughness is plotted versus the shift of test temperature with the transition temperature corresponding to the effective T‐stress value. Values of the critical effective T‐stress are obtained for three subsize Charpy specimens (3/4, 1/2 and 1/3) and are reported on a material transition temperature master curve versus effective T‐stress. This allows obtaining the shift of transition temperature when comparing with those of a standard Charpy V specimen. The results do not confirm the prediction given by the empirical relation of the ASME.
Management and decision‐making process leading to coronary angiography and revascularization in octogenarians with coronary artery disease: Insights from a large single‐center registry
Authors: Martin Anne‐Céline , Dumas Florence , Spaulding Christian , Manzo‐Silberman Stéphane 
Published: May 2014

AimsCardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of death in older adults. Guidelines state that advanced age alone should not limit the use of invasive therapy. However, coronary angiograms and subsequent revascularization are often not carried out in octogenarians. The benefit/risk balance of an invasive strategy and the decision‐making process are not clearly defined. The aim of the present study was to assess the decision‐making process, and the in‐hospital and long‐term mortality based on the clinical presentation, the diagnostic approach (coronary angiogram or conservative) and the therapeutic management (revascularization or not).MethodsThe present study was a single‐center retrospective analysis.ResultsA total of 522 patients aged ≥80 years, with a diagnosis of coronary disease were included from 2003 to 2009. The mean age was 82 ± 2.6 years. A total of 195 of 522 (37%) presented with a ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A coronary angiogram was carried out in 316 patients (60.5%) and 71% were treated by percutaneous coronary revascularization. A total of 39.5% were considered ineligible for a coronary angiogram due to cardiological reasons or comorbidities. Excluding cardiogenic shock, overall in‐hospital mortality was 4.9%. Clinical presentation strongly influenced both in‐hospital and 6‐month mortality rates (cardiogenic shock 20% and 28.7%, stable angina 1% and 4.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). Long‐term mortality was reduced in the coronary angiography arm compared with the conservative group (14.3% vs 20.9%, P = 0.04) whether or not revascularization was carried out.ConclusionIn the present study, in octogenarians, long‐term mortality was lower in the group of patients who underwent a coronary angiogram, regardless of revascularization. The selection process for coronary angiography and angioplasty was mostly influenced by the existence of age‐associated comorbidities. Risk prediction models are required to reduce age‐dependent biases. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 544–552.
Direct Delivery of Inoculum to Shoot Tissue Interferes with Genotypic Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Thomas Pious , Sadashiva Avverahally T. , Upreti Reshmi , Mujawar Mohammed M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEmploying known susceptible and resistant genotypes and pure bacterial inoculum (0.1 OD; 108 CFU/ml−1), five different inoculation methods were tried to assess the response of tomato genotypes to Ralstonia solanacearum. This included seed‐soaking inoculation, seed‐sowing followed by inoculum drenching, or at 2‐week stage through petiole‐excision inoculation, soaking of planting medium with inoculum either directly or after imparting seedling root‐injury. Seed‐based inoculations or mere inoculum drenching at 2 weeks did not induce much disease in seedlings. Petiole inoculation induced 90–100% mortality in susceptible checks but also 50–60% mortality in normally resistant genotypes within 7–10 days. Root‐injury inoculation at 2‐week seedling stage appeared the best for early and clearer distinction between resistant and susceptible lines. The observations suggest a role played by the root system in governing genotypic resistance to the pathogen. Direct shoot inoculation is to be adopted only for selecting highly resistant lines or to thin down segregating populations during resistance breeding.
Phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies reveal hybrid speciation inSaxifragasubsect.Triplinervium(Saxifragaceae)
Authors: MAS DE XAXARS Gemma , GARCÍA‐FERNÁNDEZ Alfredo , BARNOLA Pere , MARTÍN Joan , MERCADÉ Arnau , VALLÈS Joan , VARGAS Pablo , VIGO Josep , GARNATJE Teresa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHybridization has played an important role inSaxifragaevolution causing reticulation and a high number of described hybrids, but little is known about how hybrid speciation had occurred in the genus. We focus on a group of closely relatedSaxifragaspecies of the subsectionTriplinerviumfrom Pyrenees, the phylogenetic relationships of which remain unsolved. Trying to unmask cryptic (or ancient) hybridization processes, we analyze one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid regions (rpl32‐trnL,trnS‐trnG‐trnG, and3′trnV‐ndhC), as well as nuclear DNA content. Pollen and seed morphology and viability studies were carried out to evaluate the status of spontaneous hybrids. DNA ploidy levels were also inferred for the two Madeiran taxa (of the sameSaxifragasubsection), where recent hybridization processes are not expected. Molecular markers revealed multiple reticulation events, which, as suggested by DNA content and chromosome numbers, have occurred in homoploidy (without genome doubling after hybridization). In addition, autopolyploidy has occurred in some species or populations, especially in the Madeiran archipelago colonization. Chromosome number variation appears to be related to centric fission events, which also could lead to the formation of the B chromosomes inferred in some taxa. Spontaneous hybrids do not produce viable seeds and this could be due to differences in parental chromosome numbers. Hybrid speciation has probably been successful by chromosomal arrangements, which also generated new, more or less intermediate, chromosomal numbers in this group of taxa.
Psychosis after vagus nerve stimulation therapy
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ling , Lin Chin‐Chien , Chan Chin‐Hong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA 24‐year‐old man developed psychosis after improvement of epilepsy with vagus nerve stimulation treatment. He had a similar response when seizures were controlled by anticonvulsion agents. Psychosis was relieved with withdrawal of antiseizure treatment, but seizures then recurred.
Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes associated with non‐suppurative meningoencephalitis in greyhounds
Authors: Shiel R. E. , Kennedy L. J. , Nolan C. M. , Mooney C. T. , Callanan J. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNon‐suppurative meningoencephalitis is a breed‐restricted canine neuroinflammatory disorder affecting young greyhounds in Ireland. A genetic risk factor is suspected because of the development of disease in multiple siblings and an inability to identify a causative infectious agent. The aim of this study was to examine potential associations between dog leucocyte antigen (DLA) class II haplotype and the presence of the disease. DLA three locus haplotypes were determined in 31 dogs with non‐suppurative meningoencephalitis and in 115 healthy control dogs using sequence‐based typing (SBT) methods. All dogs were unrelated at the parental level. Two haplotypes (DRB1*01802/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00802 and DRB1*01501/DQA1*00601/DQB1*02201) were significantly (P = 0.0099 and 0.037) associated with the presence of meningoencephalitis, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 5.531 (1.168–26.19) and 3.736 (1.446–9.652), respectively. These results confirm that there is an association between DLA class II haplotype and greyhound meningoencephalitis, suggesting an immunogenetic risk factor for the development of the disease. Greyhound meningoencephalitis may be a suitable model for human neuroinflammatory diseases with an immunogenetic component.
Draft Genome Sequence of Actibacterium mucosum KCTC 23349, a Marine Alphaproteobacterium with Complex Ionic Requirements Isolated from Mediterranean Seawater at Malvarrosa Beach, Valencia, Spain
Authors: Arahal David R. , Shao Zongze , Lai Qiliang , Pujalte María J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Strain R46 (CECT 7668; KCTC 23349), a nomenclatural type of
Actibacterium mucosum
, was isolated from surface seawater collected at Malvarrosa Beach (Valencia, Spain) in July 2008. The draft genome sequence of strain R46 (approximately 3.72 Mbp) contains 22 scaffolds and 3,619 protein-encoding genes, with a G+C content of 60.8 mol%.
An unusual presentation of bilateral Hutch diverticula
Authors: Fanning Deirdre Mary , Morrin Martina , Power Richard 
Published: May 2014

SummaryHutch diverticula are rare congenital diverticula. The general consensus is that they occur secondary to a congenital failure of normal muscle development around the ureteral orifice where Waldeyer sheath anatomically covers the space between the intravesical ureter and muscular layer of the bladder. Our case highlights the radiological appearance of Hutch diverticula and the need for contrast-enhanced imaging to enable accurate evaluation and diagnosis. It illustrates how the presence of periureteric diverticula can contribute to ureteric obstruction and calculus formation; complicate the interpretation of renal tract imaging and the subsequent management of renal calculi.
MicroRNA-23b Regulates Cyclin-Dependent Kinase–Activating Kinase Complex Through Cyclin H Repression to Modulate Endothelial Transcription and Growth Under Flow
Authors: Wang Kuei-Chun , Nguyen Phu , Weiss Anna , Yeh Yi-Ting , Chien Hou Su , Lee Alicia , Teng Dayu , Subramaniam Shankar , Li Yi-Shuan , Chien Shu 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
The site-specificity of endothelial phenotype is attributable to the local hemodynamic forces. The flow regulation of microRNAs in endothelial cells (ECs) plays a significant role in vascular homeostasis and diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which the pulsatile shear flow–induced microRNA-23b (miR-23b) exerts antiproliferative effects on ECs.

Approach and Results—
We used a combination of a cell perfusion system and experimental animals to examine the flow regulation of miR-23b in modulating EC proliferation. Our results demonstrated that pulsatile shear flow induces the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 to promote miR-23b biosynthesis; the increase in miR-23b then represses cyclin H to impair the activity and integrity of cyclin-dependent kinase–activating kinase (CAK) complex. The inhibitory effect of miR-23b on CAK exerts dual actions to suppress cell cycle progression, and reduce basal transcription by deactivating RNA polymerase II. Whereas pulsatile shear flow regulates the miR-23b/CAK pathway to exert antiproliferative effects on ECs, oscillatory shear flow has little effect on the miR-23b/CAK pathway and hence does not cause EC growth arrest. Such flow pattern–dependent phenomena are validated with an in vivo model on rat carotid artery: the flow disturbance induced by partial carotid ligation led to a lower expression of miR-23b and a higher EC proliferation in comparison with the pulsatile flow regions of the unligated vessels. Local delivery of miR-23b mitigated the proliferative EC phenotype in partially ligated vessels.

Conclusions—
Our findings unveil a novel mechanism by which hemodynamic forces modulate EC proliferative phenotype through the miR-23b/CAK pathway.
Radiation dose and image quality with abdominal computed tomography with automated dose-optimized tube voltage selection
Authors: Hu Lirong , Wang Yujun , Hou Hongtao , Wei Fuquan , Yang Guangzhao , Chen Yougeng 
Published: May 2014

Objectives This study assessed image quality and radiation dose of multidetector computed tomography (CT) examination using a standard protocol and a low-voltage protocol. Methods Patients requiring contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examination were randomly assigned to two groups with different voltage protocols: (i) 120 kV; (ii) an automated attenuation-based tube potential optimization mode (CARE kV). The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded. Image quality was semiquantitatively assessed by two blinded radiologists using a five-point scale. Results There were 39 patients in the 120 kV group and 50 patients in the CARE kV group. There was no obvious difference in image quality score between the groups. CARE kV resulted in a voltage reduction to 100 kV in 45 patients and to 80 kV in five patients. CTDIvol and DLP were significantly lower with CARE kV than with the 120 kV protocol. Conclusions The use of CARE kV reduces radiation dose with no loss of image quality compared with a standard 120 kV protocol.
Generalizations of Hölder inequality and some related results on time scales
Authors: Chen Guang-Sheng , Huang Feng-Li , Liao Li-Fang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we establish some generalizations and refinements of the Hölder inequality on time scales via the diamond-α dynamic integral, which is defined as a linear combination of the delta and nabla integrals. Some related inequalities are also considered.

MSC:26D15.
Investigation of the stabilization of verdigris-containing rag paper by wet chemical treatments
Authors: Ahn Kyujin , Hartl Andreas , Hofmann Christa , Henniges Ute , Potthast Antje 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Copper pigments promote the deterioration of paper objects; hence, it has been problematic to paper conservation since many valuable historical manuscripts contain copper green pigments. In particular, verdigris yields relatively mobile copper ions that can cause a higher risk of degradation depending on the relative humidity of the storage conditions. Although several research studies have demonstrated potential chemicals to slow down the degradation of the paper with copper ions or copper pigments, passive treatments such as mechanical reinforcement or environmental controls are still preferred since wet chemical treatments need to be further investigated.
In the present study, various wet chemical treatments of rag paper with verdigris are tested with consideration for the practical situations of application as well as the sample conditions. GPC-Fluorescence-MALLS system after fluorescence labeling of carbonyl groups of cellulose was employed to evaluate the inhibition of both, hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose after treatments. Samples were prepared to simulate a partially soluble verdigris pigment bound in gum arabic on gelatin-sized rag paper.
With the given sample conditions, beneficial effects from deacidification was rather limited despite the use of a mixture of water and ethanol as a co-solvent. In contrast, treatments with tetrabutylammonium bromide in ethanol or 1H-benzotriazol in ethanol showed significant stabilization of the samples. For both cases, hydrolytic degradation and oxidation of cellulose were retarded significantly when brushing application on verso was employed. Testing various conditions of the solutions and two different application methods led to the conclusion that the outcome of the solution treatment depends on not only the chemical, but also how it is applied.
Ontogenetic investigation of underwater hearing capabilities of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) using a dual testing approach
Authors: Lavender Ashley L. , Bartol Soraya M. , Bartol Ian K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSea turtles reside in different acoustic environments with each life history stage and may have different hearing capacity throughout ontogeny. For this study, two independent yet complementary techniques for hearing assessment, i.e., behavioral and electrophysiological audiometry, were employed to (1) measure hearing in post-hatchling and juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta (19-62 cm straight carapace length) to determine whether these migratory turtles exhibit an ontogenetic shift in underwater auditory detection and (2) evaluate whether hearing frequency range and threshold sensitivity are consistent in behavioral and electrophysiological tests. Behavioral trials first required training turtles to respond to known frequencies, a multi-stage, time-intensive process, and then recording their behavior when they were presented with sound stimuli from an underwater speaker using a two-response forced-choice paradigm. Electrophysiological experiments involved submerging restrained, fully conscious turtles just below the air-water interface and recording auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) when sound stimuli were presented using an underwater speaker. No significant differences in behavior-derived auditory thresholds or AEP-derived auditory thresholds were detected between post-hatchling and juvenile sea turtles. While hearing frequency range (50-1000/1100 Hz) and highest sensitivity (100-400 Hz) were consistent in audiograms pooled by size class for both behavior and AEP experiments, both post-hatchlings and juveniles had significantly higher AEP-derived than behavior-derived auditory thresholds, indicating that behavioral tests are a more sensitive testing approach. The results from this study suggest that post-hatchling and juvenile loggerhead sea turtles are low frequency specialists, exhibiting little differences in threshold sensitivity and frequency bandwidth despite residence in acoustically distinct environments throughout ontogeny.
Model of Running Online Professional Learning Based on Competency-Building Approach
Authors: ��������  , Batyreva Svetlana 
Published: May 2014

The model designed to run online learning courses of professional development is presented. Online mode of professional development is of special essence
as it is meant that course participants could immediately test and put to practice up-to-date professional knowledge, got in the process of online
learning.
The original model is elaborated using competency-building, system-and-activity-based approach, conducive to nurturing learners� subject position.
The mentioned training module provides for stage-by-stage learning process and assumes, that learners individually deal with and interact with online
support and tutorial follow-up.
The primary purpose of the model is to get teaching staff well prepared for evaluation activities in the context of implementing Federal State Educational
Standard (FSES), which implies, that primary school teachers should develop evaluation competency. Modules, appearing in the program, if considered
in the aggregate, correspond to the structure of training activity, which is of essence when implementing FSES.
Didactic Functions, Capacities and Features of Electronic Educational Resources
Authors: ��������  , Suvorova T. 
Published: May 2014

The paper addresses several starting suppositions and principles to be taken in consideration when designing electronic educational resources (EER)
and integrating thereof in the educational process. Some of the most common approaches to interpreting the notions of EER didactic functions, capacities
and features are analyzed. In the light of up-to-date goals of education the author highlights three didactic functions of EER: to extend (enrich) the
educational content; to introduce new kinds of educational activities and to improve traditional educational activities performance; to personalize the
educational process itself. Given the mentioned didactic functions, structural composition of EER didactic capacities and features have been augmented.
The case study is presented to exemplify interrelation of EER didactic functions, capacities and features with the goals of educational activities, kinds of
educational activities, and atomic actions, aimed at meeting educational goals.