bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method to design composite insulation structures based on reliability for pulsed power systems
Authors: Zhao Liang , Su Jian-Cang , Zhang Xi-Bo , Pan Ya-Feng , Li Rui , Zeng Bo , Cheng Jie , Yu Bin-Xiong , Wu Xiao-Long 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA method to design the composite insulation structures in pulsed power systems is proposed in this paper. The theoretical bases for this method include the Weibull statistical distribution and the empirical insulation formula. A uniform formula to describe the reliability (R) for different insulation media such as solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, and vacuum surface is derived. The dependence curves of the normalized applied field onRare also obtained. These curves show that the normalized applied field decreases rapidly asRincreases but the declining rates corresponding to different insulation media are different. In addition, ifRis required to be higher than a given level, the normalized applied field should be smaller than a certain value. In practical design, the common range of the applied fields for different insulation media should be chosen to meet a global reliability requirement. In the end, the proposed method is demonstrated with a specific coaxial high-voltage vacuum insulator.
Acceleration of electrons by high intensity laser radiation in a magnetic field
Authors: Melikian Robert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe consider the acceleration of electrons in vacuum by means of the circularly-polirized electromagnetic wave, propagating along a magnetic field. We show that the electron energy growth, when using ultra-short and ultra-intense laser pulses (1 ps, 1018 W/cm2, CO2 laser) in the presence of a magnetic field, may reach up to the value 2,1 GeV. The growth of the electron energy is shown to increase proportionally with the increase of the laser intensity and the initial energy of the electron. We find that for some direction of polarization of the wave, the acceleration of electrons does not depend on the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave. We estimate the laser intensity, necessary for the electron acceleration. In addition, we find the formation length of photon absorption by electrons, due to which one may choose the required region of the interaction of the electrons with the electromagnetic wave and magnetic field. We also show that as a result of acceleration of electrons in the vacuum by laser radiation in a magnetic field one may obtain electron beam with small energy spread of the order δε/ε ≤ 10−2.
Children's acquisition of nouns and verbs in Italian: contrasting the roles of frequency and positional salience in maternal language
Authors: LONGOBARDI EMIDDIA , ROSSI-ARNAUD CLELIA , SPATARO PIETRO , PUTNICK DIANE L. , BORNSTEIN MARC H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of its structural characteristics, specifically the prevalence of verb types in infant-directed speech and frequent pronoun-dropping, the Italian language offers an attractive opportunity to investigate the predictive effects of input frequency and positional salience on children's acquisition of nouns and verbs. We examined this issue in a sample of twenty-six mother–child dyads whose spontaneous conversations were recorded, transcribed, and coded at 1;4 and 1;8. The percentages of nouns occurring in the final position of maternal utterances at 1;4 predicted children's production of noun types at 1;8. For verbs, children's growth rates were positively predicted by the percentages of input verbs occurring in utterance-initial position, but negatively predicted by the percentages of verbs located in the final position of maternal utterances at 1;4. These findings clearly illustrate that the effects of positional salience vary across lexical categories.
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-onset invasiveStaphylococcus aureusinfection in New Zealand children
Authors: WILLIAMSON D. A. , RITCHIE S. R. , ROBERTS S. A. , COOMBS G. W. , THOMAS M. G. , HANNAFORD O. , BAKER M. G. , LENNON D. , FRASER J. D. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYOur aim was to describe the epidemiology and incidence of community-onset invasiveS. aureusdisease in children presenting to our hospital, and to compare the clonal complexes and virulence genes ofS. aureusstrains causing invasive and non-invasive disease. The virulence gene repertoire of invasive disease isolates was characterized using DNA microarray and compared with the virulence gene repertoire of non-invasiveS. aureusisolates. Over the study period, 163 children had an invasiveS. aureusinfection. There was no difference in the distribution of clonal complexes or in the prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors between invasive and non-invasive isolates. Future research should include a strong focus on identifying the host and environmental factors that, along with organism virulence factors, are contributing to the patterns of invasiveS. aureusdisease observed in New Zealand.
Molecular characterization of Shiga-toxigenicEscherichia coliisolated from diverse sources from India by multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA)
Authors: KUMAR A. , TANEJA N. , SHARMA R. K. , SHARMA H. , RAMAMURTHY T. , SHARMA M. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYIn a first study from India, a diverse collection of 140 environmental and clinical non-O157 Shiga-toxigenicEscherichia colistrains from a large geographical area in north India was typed by multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The distribution of major virulence genesstx1,stx2andeaewas found to be 78%, 70% and 10%, respectively; 15 isolates were enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(stx1+/stx2+andeae+). By MLVA analysis, 44 different alleles were obtained. Dendrogram analysis revealed 104 different genotypes and 19 MLVA-type complexes divided into two main lineages, i.e. mutton and animal stool. Human isolates presented a statistically significant greater odds ratio for clustering with mutton samples compared to animal stool isolates. Five human isolates clustered with animal stool strains suggesting that some of the human infections may be from cattle, perhaps through milk, contact or the environment. Further epidemiological studies are required to explore these sources in context with occurrence of human cases.
Selecting suitable sites for an Antarctic research station: a case for a new Chinese research station
Authors: Xiaoping Pang , Haiyan Liu , Xi Zhao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSite selection for Antarctic research stations is of great importance and is necessary to support Antarctic expeditions. Site selection is affected by both the scientific investigations planned and the expected life of stations following construction. In the site allocation process, an efficient spatial data management system is required to manage various criteria and a robust allocation method is important to handle decision uncertainties. The aim of this study was to build a criteria system and to conduct a site selection process with aid from geographical information systems (GIS) and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). In considering the natural environment and building conditions, fifteen factors were used as multiple evaluation sub-criteria and grouped into four main criteria: scientific research, environment, logistical support and topography. Comparisons were made between potentially suitable areas and the locations of existing stations and camps to demonstrate fitness-for-use of the allocation results. Finally, the suitability map was applied to identify candidate sites for a new Chinese research station by considering the position of current stations and areas of scientific interest. This model offers a comprehensive methodology for decision-makers in the assessment of potential Antarctic research station sites.
Identification and analysis of two sequences encoding ice-binding proteins obtained from a putative bacterial symbiont of the psychrophilic Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii
Authors: Pucciarelli Sandra , Chiappori Federica , Devaraj Raghul Rajan , Yang Guang , Yu Ting , Ballarini Patrizia , Miceli Cristina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe identified two ice-binding protein (IBP) sequences, named EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP, from a putative bacterial symbiont of the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii. EFsymbAFP is 57.43% identical to the antifreeze protein (AFP) from the Stigmatella aurantiaca strain DW4/3-1, which was isolated from the Victoria Valley lower glacier. EFsymbIBP is 53.38% identical to the IBP from the Flavobacteriaceae bacterium strain 3519-10, isolated from the glacial ice of Lake Vostok. EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP are 31.73% identical at the amino acid level and are organized in tandem on the bacterial chromosome. The relatively low sequence identity and the tandem organization, which appears unique to this symbiont, suggest an occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Structurally, EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP are similar to the AFPs from the snow mould fungus Typhula ishikariensis and from the Arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. AY30. A phylogenetic analysis showed that EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP cluster principally with the IBP sequences from other Antarctic bacteria, supporting the view that these sequences belong to an Antarctic symbiontic bacterium of E. focardii. These results confirm that IBPs have a complex evolutionary history, which includes HGT events, most probably due to the demands of the environment and the need for rapid adaptation.
Discovering formulaic language through data-driven learning: Student attitudes and efficacy
Authors: Geluso Joe , Yamaguchi Atsumi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCorpus linguistics has established that language is highly patterned. The use of patterned language has been linked to processing advantages with respect to listening and reading, which has implications for perceptions of fluency. The last twenty years has seen an increase in the integration of corpus-based language learning, or data-driven learning (DDL), as a supporting feature in teaching English as a foreign / second language (EFL/ESL). Most research has investigated student attitudes towards DDL as a tool to facilitate writing. Other studies, though notably fewer, have taken a quantitative perspective of the efficacy of DDL as a tool to facilitate the inductive learning of grammar rules. The purpose of this study is three-fold: (1) to present an EFL curriculum designed around DDL with the aim of improving spoken fluency; (2) to gauge how effective students were in employing newly discovered phrases in an appropriate manner; and (3) to investigate student attitudes toward such an approach to language learning. Student attitudes were investigated via a questionnaire and then triangulated through interviews and student logs. The findings indicate that students believe DDL to be a useful and effective tool in the classroom. However, students do note some difficulties related to DDL, such as encountering unfamiliar vocabulary and cut-off concordance lines. Finally, questions are raised as to the students’ ability to embed learned phrases in a pragmatically appropriate way.
The use of general and specialized corpora as reference sources for academic English writing: A case study
Authors: Chang Ji-Yeon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCorpora have been suggested as valuable sources for teaching English for academic purposes (EAP). Since previous studies have mainly focused on corpus use in classroom settings, more research is needed to reveal how students react to using corpora on their own and what should be provided to help them become autonomous corpus users, considering that their ultimate goal is to be independent scholars and writers. In the present study, conducted in an engineering lab at a Korean university over 22 weeks, data on students’ experiences and evaluations of consulting general and specialized corpora for academic writing were collected and analyzed. The findings show that, while both corpora served the participants well as reference sources, the specialized corpus was particularly valued for its direct help in academic writing because, as non-native English-speaking graduate engineering students, the participants wanted to follow the writing conventions of their discourse community. The participants also showed disparate attitudes toward the time taken for corpus consultation due to differences in factors such as academic experience, search purposes, and writing tasks. The article concludes with several suggestions for better corpus use with EAP students regarding the compilation of a corpus, corpus training, corpus competence, and academic writing.
LOGICISM, INTERPRETABILITY, AND KNOWLEDGE OF ARITHMETIC
Authors: WALSH SEAN 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA crucial part of the contemporary interest in logicism in the philosophy of mathematics resides in its idea that arithmetical knowledge may be based on logical knowledge. Here, an implementation of this idea is considered that holds that knowledge of arithmetical principles may be based on two things: (i) knowledge of logical principles and (ii) knowledge that the arithmetical principles are representable in the logical principles. The notions of representation considered here are related to theory-based and structure-based notions of representation from contemporary mathematical logic. It is argued that the theory-based versions of such logicism are either too liberal (the plethora problem) or are committed to intuitively incorrect closure conditions (the consistency problem). Structure-based versions must on the other hand respond to a charge of begging the question (the circularity problem) or explain how one may have a knowledge of structure in advance of a knowledge of axioms (the signature problem). This discussion is significant because it gives us a better idea of what a notion of representation must look like if it is to aid in realizing some of the traditional epistemic aims of logicism in the philosophy of mathematics.
Activation of TAK1 by MYD88 L265P drives malignant B-cell Growth in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ansell S M , Hodge L S , Secreto F J , Manske M , Braggio E , Price-Troska T , Ziesmer S , Li Y , Johnson S H , Hart S N , Kocher J-P A , Vasmatzis G , Chanan-Kahn A , Gertz M , Fonseca R , Dogan A , Cerhan J R , Novak A J 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMassively parallel sequencing analyses have revealed a common mutation within the MYD88 gene (MYD88L265P) occurring at high frequencies in many non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) including the rare lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). Using whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing and allele-specific PCR, we validate the initial studies and detect the MYD88L265P mutation in the tumor genome of 97% of WM patients analyzed (n=39). Due to the high frequency of MYD88 mutation in WM and other NHL, and its known effects on malignant B-cell survival, therapeutic targeting of MYD88 signaling pathways may be clinically useful. However, we are lacking a thorough characterization of the role of intermediary signaling proteins on the biology of MYD88L265P-expressing B cells. We report here that MYD88L265P signaling is constitutively active in both WM and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells leading to heightened MYD88L265P, IRAK and TRAF6 oligomerization and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we have identified the signaling protein, TAK1, to be an essential mediator of MYD88L265P-driven signaling, cellular proliferation and cytokine secretion in malignant B cells. Our studies highlight the biological significance of MYD88L265P in NHL and reveal TAK1 inhibition to be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of WM and other diseases characterized by MYD88L265P.
Beyond dsRNA: Toll-like receptor 3 signalling in RNA-induced immune responses
Authors: Tatematsu Megumi , Seya Tsukasa , Matsumoto Misako 
Published: February 2014

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns using pattern-recognition receptors that activate a wide range of signalling cascades to maintain host homoeostasis against infection and inflammation. Endosomal TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3), a type I transmembrane protein, senses RNAs derived from cells with viral infection or sterile tissue damage, leading to the induction of type I interferon and cytokine production, as well as dendritic cell maturation. It has been accepted that TLR3 recognizes perfect dsRNA, but little has been addressed experimentally with regard to the structural features of virus- or host-derived RNAs that activate TLR3. Recently, a TLR3 agonist was identified, which was a virus-derived ‘structured’ RNA with incomplete stem structures. Both dsRNA and structured RNA are similarly internalized through clathrin- and raftlin-dependent endocytosis and delivered to endosomal TLR3. The dsRNA uptake machinery, in addition to TLR3, is critical for extracellular viral RNA-induced immune responses. A wide spectrum of TLR3 ligand structures beyond dsRNA and their delivery systems provide new insights into the physiological role of TLR3 in virus- or host-derived RNA-induced immune responses. In the present paper, we focus on the system for extracellular recognition of RNA and its delivery to TLR3.
Metformin ameliorates ovariectomy-induced vascular dysfunction in non-diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Oliveira Phablo Wendell C. , de Sousa Glauciene J. , Caliman Izabela F. , Lamas Aline Z. , Santos de Medeiros Ana Raquel , de Andrade Tadeu U. , de Abreu Glaucia R. , de Figueiredo Suely G. , Bissoli Nazaré S. 
Published: February 2014

Metformin is an antihyperglycaemic drug with pleiotropic effects that result in cardiovascular improvement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of metformin treatment on vascular dysfunction in ovariectomized rats. At 8 weeks of age, female Wistar rats were subjected to ovariectomy or a sham surgery. After 21 days, the animals were divided into three groups: SHAM (sham-operated rats), OVX (ovariectomized rats) and MET (ovariectomized rats treated with metformin at 300 mg/kg of body weight per day), and treated for 14 days. The vasorelaxation responses to ACh (acetylcholine) and SNP (sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated in mesenteric vascular beds, oxidative stress was evaluated and Western blot analysis of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and the NADPH oxidase Nox2 was performed. ACh-induced relaxation was reduced in the OVX group and partially restored in the MET group. L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) attenuated and equalized the ACh-induced response in all groups. Attenuation of the ACh-induced responses by 4-aminopyridine (a blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels) was greater in the MET group compared with the OVX group. The SNP-induced responses were reduced in the OVX group and restored in the MET group. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin (10 μM) restored the SNP-induced responses in the OVX group, enhanced these responses in the MET group and had no effect in the SHAM group. The OVX group exhibited reduced levels of eNOS protein and increased levels of oxidative stress and Nox2 protein; metformin treatment corrected all of these parameters. In conclusion, the pathophysiological changes observed in the mesenteric beds of ovariectomized rats were ameliorated by metformin. If this translates to humans, metformin could have additional benefits for post-menopausal women treated with this drug for glycaemic control.
Colloidal PbSe quantum dot-solution-filled liquid-core optical fiber for 1.55 μm telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Yu , Kershaw Steve V , Zhao Yanhui , Wang Yu , Jiang Yongheng , Zhang Tieqiang , Yu William W , Gu Pengfei , Wang Yiding , Zhang Hanzhuang , Rogach Andrey L 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We have studied the optical properties of PbSe colloidal quantum dot-solution filled hollow core multimode silica waveguides as a function of quantum dot-solution concentration, waveguide length, optical pump power and choice of organic solvent in order to establish the conditions to maximize near infrared spontaneous emission intensities. The optical performance was compared and showed good agreement with a simple three level system model for the quantum dots confined in an optical waveguide. Near infrared absorption-free solvent of tetrachlorethylene was confirmed to be a good candidate for the waveguide medium due to the enhancement of output intensity from the liquid-core fiber compared to the performance in toluene-based fiber. This approach demonstrates a useful method for early characterization of quantum dot materials in a waveguide test-bed with minimal material processing on the colloidal nanoparticles.
Deer Creek Farms: Tradition into the Future
Authors: Yeager Elizabeth A. , Stutzman Sarah A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Deer Creek Farms case study illustrates a family farm operation that is trying to identify how to transition the business to include the next generation. The family is currently growing corn, soybeans, and contract hogs. The family is faced with decisions to expand production in one or more of the current enterprises, exit out of one or more of the current enterprises, or diversify into additional enterprises. Each member of the family is given the task of proposing their vision of the farm's future. The examples illustrated through the Deer Creek Farms case study will assist agricultural producers as they monitor, identify, and manage strategic risk on their farms.
Supercomputing for the parallelization of whole genome analysis
Authors: Puckelwartz Megan J. , Pesce Lorenzo L. , Nelakuditi Viswateja , Dellefave-Castillo Lisa , Golbus Jessica R. , Day Sharlene M. , Cappola Thomas P. , Dorn Gerald W. , Foster Ian T. , McNally Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Motivation: The declining cost of generating DNA sequence is promoting an increase in whole genome sequencing, especially as applied to the human genome. Whole genome analysis requires the alignment and comparison of raw sequence data, and results in a computational bottleneck because of limited ability to analyze multiple genomes simultaneously.
Results: We now adapted a Cray XE6 supercomputer to achieve the parallelization required for concurrent multiple genome analysis. This approach not only markedly speeds computational time but also results in increased usable sequence per genome. Relying on publically available software, the Cray XE6 has the capacity to align and call variants on 240 whole genomes in ∼50 h. Multisample variant calling is also accelerated.
Availability and implementation: The MegaSeq workflow is designed to harness the size and memory of the Cray XE6, housed at Argonne National Laboratory, for whole genome analysis in a platform designed to better match current and emerging sequencing volume.
Contact: emcnally@uchicago.edu
BIMA V3: an aligner customized for mate pair library sequencing
Authors: Drucker Travis M. , Johnson Sarah H. , Murphy Stephen J. , Cradic Kendall W. , Therneau Terry M. , Vasmatzis George 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Summary: Mate pair library sequencing is an effective and economical method for detecting genomic structural variants and chromosomal abnormalities. Unfortunately, the mapping and alignment of mate-pair read pairs to a reference genome is a challenging and time-consuming process for most next-generation sequencing alignment programs. Large insert sizes, introduction of library preparation protocol artifacts (biotin junction reads, paired-end read contamination, chimeras, etc.) and presence of structural variant breakpoints within reads increase mapping and alignment complexity. We describe an algorithm that is up to 20 times faster and 25% more accurate than popular next-generation sequencing alignment programs when processing mate pair sequencing.
Availability: http://bioinformaticstools.mayo.edu/research/bima/
Contact: vasm@mayo.edu or vasmatzis.george@mayo.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.