bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temporal profile of retinal cell genesis in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Hendrickson A. , Possin D. , Kwan W.C. , Huang J. , Bourne J.A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe New World marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) has a relatively short gestational period compared with other primates but possesses a retina at a similar stage of maturation by birth. Previous studies have highlighted that the complex fovea of the marmoset undergoes a more rapid postnatal development in comparison with the Macaca monkey, reaching a mature stage earlier than these species. In this current study, we examined the prenatal proliferation profile of cells in the entire retina employing the thymidine analogs and also determined their phenotype by double‐label immunocytochemistry using type‐specific markers. Akin to other primate species, we demonstrate a centroperipheral gradient in the emergence of both neurons and Müller glia with cones, ganglion cells, and horizontal cells generated first in the fovea at fetal day (Fd)70–74 and with the last generated at the retinal edge at Fd115. Rods, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells, and Müller glia were generated between Fd76 and Fd135 along the same gradient. Similar to foveal development, marmoset neuronal generation was rapid, only taking 51% of gestation whereas in Macaca this takes 81%. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1193–1207, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resource allocation for SC‐FDMA based cognitive radio systems
Authors: Ahmad Ayaz , Raza Khan Mohammad Toaha 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper presents resource allocation algorithms for secondary user (SU) transmitters of single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA)‐based cognitive radio systems. In addition to the conventional per‐SU transmit power constraints, we also consider two types of interference constraints on SUs to protect the primary users links and thereby formulate two resource allocation problems. The first constraint relates to individual per‐subcarrier interference power, whereas the second constraint corresponds to joint sum of interference power across all the subcarriers and SUs. In SC‐FDMA system, a subcarrier can be allocated to one SU at a time (exclusivity constraint), and the multiple subcarriers allocated to an SU must be adjacent to each other (adjacency constraint). These constraints make the resource allocation problem prohibitively difficult to solve. We derive efficient power and subcarrier allocation algorithms via convex optimization techniques for both problems. We compare the results of our proposed algorithm with the existing schemes. Numerical results show that our algorithms can improve the system performance significantly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variants of early‐onset restrictive eating disturbances in middle childhood
Authors: Kurz Susanne , van Dyck Zoé , Dremmel Daniela , Munsch Simone , Hilbert Anja 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study sought to determine the factor structure of the newly developed self‐report screening questionnaire Eating Disturbances in Youth‐Questionnaire (EDY‐Q) as well as to report the distribution of variants of early‐onset restrictive eating disturbances characteristic of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in a middle childhood population sample.MethodUsing the EDY‐Q, a total of 1,444 children aged 8–13 years were screened in elementary schools in Switzerland via self‐report. The factor analysis of the 12 items covering ARFID related symptoms was performed using a principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsThe PCA showed a four factor solution, with clear allocation to the scales covering three variants of early‐onset restrictive eating disturbances and weight problems. Inadequate overall food intake was reported by 19.3% of the children, a limited accepted amount of food by 26.1%, and food avoidance based on a specific underlying fear by 5.0%.DiscussionThe postulated factor structure of the EDY‐Q was confirmed, further supporting the existence of distinct variants of early‐onset restrictive eating disturbances. Avoidant/restrictive eating behavior seems to be a common experience in middle childhood, but results have to be confirmed using validated interviews. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:102–106).
Species‐specific adaptations explain resilience of herbaceous understorey to increased precipitation variability in a Mediterranean oak woodland
Authors: Jongen Marjan , Hellmann Christine , Unger Stephan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo date, the implications of the predicted greater intra‐annual variability and extremes in precipitation on ecosystem functioning have received little attention. This study presents results on leaf‐level physiological responses of five species covering the functional groups grasses, forbs, and legumes in the understorey of a Mediterranean oak woodland, with increasing precipitation variability, without altering total annual precipitation inputs. Although extending the dry period between precipitation events from 3 to 6 weeks led to increased soil moisture deficit, overall treatment effects on photosynthetic performance were not observed in the studied species. This resilience to prolonged water stress was explained by different physiological and morphological strategies to withstand periods below the wilting point, that is, isohydric behavior in Agrostis, Rumex, and Tuberaria, leaf succulence in Rumex, and taproots in Tolpis. In addition, quick recovery upon irrigation events and species‐specific adaptations of water‐use efficiency with longer dry periods and larger precipitation events contributed to the observed resilience in productivity of the annual plant community. Although none of the species exhibited a change in cover with increasing precipitation variability, leaf physiology of the legume Ornithopus exhibited signs of sensitivity to moisture deficit, which may have implications for the agricultural practice of seeding legume‐rich mixtures in Mediterranean grassland‐type systems. This highlights the need for long‐term precipitation manipulation experiments to capture possible directional changes in species composition and seed bank development, which can subsequently affect ecosystem state and functioning.
Radio resource management for 5G mobile communication systems with massive antenna structure
Authors: Shah Syed Tariq , Kim Jun Suk , Bae Eun Soo , Bae JungSook , Chung Min Young 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn order to accommodate for the emerging mobile data traffic, millimetre‐wave (mmWave) band in 30–300GHz range is being considered for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. This mmWave band can potentially fulfil the bandwidth requirement of the next generation mobile networks for the next few decades and beyond. In this article, we propose a novel resource allocation scheme for mmWave in 5G mobile networks. The concept of multi‐beam coordination is adopted to efficiently utilise the radio resource and improve the network performance in beam boundary regions. Moreover, because the mmWave signal has poor propagation characteristics, a massive antenna structure with beamforming is envisioned in this article. Our system‐level simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme improves the resource utilization and network performance, compared with those of Li's and conventional schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrelation of resting state functional connectivity, striatal GABA levels, and cognitive control processes
Authors: Haag Lauren , Quetscher Clara , Dharmadhikari Shalmali , Dydak Ulrike , Schmidt‐Wilcke Tobias , Beste Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImportant issues for cognitive control are response selection processes, known to depend on fronto‐striatal networks with recent evidence suggesting that striatal gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) levels play an important role. Regional GABA concentrations have also been shown to modulate intrinsic connectivity, e.g. of the default mode network. However, the interrelation between striatal GABA levels, basal ganglia network (BGN) connectivity, and performance in cognitive control is elusive. In the current study, we measure striatal GABA levels using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and resting state parameters using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Resting state parameters include activity within the BGN, as determined by the low frequency power (LFP) within the network, and the functional connectivity between the BGN and somatomotor network (SMN). Specifically, we examine the interrelation between GABA, resting state parameters, and performance (i.e., accuracy) in conflict monitoring using a Simon task. Response control was affected by striatal GABA+ levels and activity within the BGN, especially when response selection was complicated by altered stimulus‐response mappings. The data suggest that there are two mechanisms supporting response selection accuracy. One is related to resting state activity within the BGN and modulated by striatal GABA+ levels. The other is related to decreased cortico‐striatal network connectivity, unrelated to the GABAergic system. The inclusion of all three factors (i.e., striatal GABA+ levels, activity within the BGN, and BGN‐SMN network connectivity) explained a considerable amount of variance in task accuracy. Striatal neurobiochemical (GABA+) and parameters of the resting state BGN represent important modulators of response control. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4383–4393, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reassessing the Relative Power of the Yield Spread in Forecasting Recessions
Authors: Croushore Dean , Marsten Katherine 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we replicate the main results of previous research showing that the use of the yield spread in a probit model can predict recessions better than the Survey of Professional Forecasters. We investigate the robustness of their results in several ways: extending the sample to include the 2007‐09 recession, changing the starting date of the sample, using rolling windows of data instead of just an expanding sample, and using alternative measures of the “actual” value of real output. Our results show that the Rudebusch‐Williams findings are robust in all dimensions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensilla on different organs of female and male Telenomus dendrolimusi Chu (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Zhang Zhen , Kong Xiangbo , Wang Hongbin , Luo Jitong , Yang Zhongwu 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTelenomus dendrolimusi Chu is a dominant egg parasitoid of Dendrolimus, which is the most serious conifer defoliator in China. However, the host locating mechanism of T. dendrolimusi is unclear. To take better advantage of this kind of parasitoid, it is necessary to clarify the basic knowledge of the organization of the wasp's sensory system. In this study, the external morphologies of the sensilla on the entire female and male T. dendrolimusi body were described using scanning electron microscopy. Antennae shape and sensilla types were sexually dimorphic. Ten segments and nine types of sensilla were found on the female antenna, including basiconic sensillum (BS), chaeticum sensillum (ChS), trichoid sensillum type 1 (TS1), trichoid sensillum type 2 (TS2), trichoid curvata sensillum (TCS), sickle‐shaped sensillum (SSS), multiporous gustatory sensillum (MGS), campaniform sensillum (CS), and styloconica sensillum (STS). The distribution of the sensilla was directional on female antenna. The male antenna consisted of 12 segments, and 1–3 segments were similar to those of the female. Five types of sensilla were found on male antenna, including BS, ChS, TS1, TCS, and STS. The mouthparts, thoracic legs, eyes, mesonotum, and wings were all covered with longitudinally fluted TSs without hole. A tympana structure appeared on the thoracic legs. Special crevice‐shaped structures were found on the abdomens of both T. dendrolimusi sexes. Possible sensilla functions are discussed according to their morphology. These results provide a solid basis for further researches about the parasitic mechanisms of T. dendrolimusi. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1010–1018, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Update in hospital medicine: Evidence you should know
Authors: Finn Kathleen M. , Greenwald Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThe practice of hospital medicine is complex, and the number of clinical publications each year continues to grow. To maintain best practice it is necessary for hospitalists to stay abreast of the literature, but difficult to accomplish due to time. The annual Society of Hospital Medicine meeting offers a plenary session on Updates in Hospital Medicine. This article is a summary of those papers presented at the meeting.METHODSWe reviewed articles published between January 2014 and January 2015 in the leading medical journals, searching for papers with good methodological quality, the potential to change practice, and papers that are thought provoking. The authors collectively agreed on 14 articles. The findings, cautions, and implications are discussed for each paper.RESULTSKey findings include: a novel neprilysin inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker combination drug reduces mortality in patients with heart failure; the concern for acute kidney injury after venous contrast may be overstated; the Confusion Assessment Method Severity score is an important tool for prognostication in delirious patients; ramelteon shows promise for lowering incident delirium among elderly medical patients; polyethylene glycol appears effective in rapidly resolving hepatic encephalopathy; cirrhotic patients on a nonselective β‐blocker have increased mortality after they develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; current guidelines regarding prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical inpatients likely result in nonbeneficial use of medications; from a safety and efficacy perspective, direct oral anticoagulants perform quite well against conventional therapies in patients with VTE and atrial fibrillation, including in elderly populations; 2 new once‐weekly antibiotics, dalbavancin and oritivancin, approved for skin and soft tissue infections, appear noninferior to vancomycin; offering family members of a patient undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation the opportunity to observe has durable impact on long‐term psychological outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThis update reviews key clinical articles published in 2014, selected by the authors for their methodological quality and potential for changing the practice of inpatient physicians. All of these articles add to the body of inpatient medical knowledge and contribute to the debate on best practices. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:817–826. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Biomechanical benefits of anterior offsetting of humeral head component in posteriorly unstable total shoulder arthroplasty: A cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Min Mike , Chacon Alexander C. , Andrews Seth H. , Roush Evan P. , Cho Edward , Conaway William K. , Kunselman Allen R. , Lewis Gregory S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTRestoration of joint stability during total shoulder arthroplasty can be challenging in the face of severe glenoid retroversion. A novel technique of humeral head component anterior‐offsetting has been proposed to address posterior instability. We evaluated the biomechanical benefits of this technique in cadaveric specimens. Total shoulder arthroplasty was performed in 14 cadaveric shoulders from 7 donors. Complementary shoulders were assigned to either 10° or 20° glenoid retroversion, with retroversion created by eccentric reaming. Two humeral head component offset positions were tested in each specimen: The anatomic (posterior) and anterior (reverse). With loads applied to the rotator cuff and deltoid, joint contact pressures and the force and energy required for posterior humeral head translation were measured. The force and energy required to displace the humeral head posteriorly increased significantly with the anterior offset position compared to the anatomic offset position. The joint contact pressures were significantly shifted anteriorly, and the joint contact area significantly increased with the anterior offset position. Anterior offsetting of the humeral head component increased the resistance to posterior humeral head translation, shifted joint contact pressures anteriorly, and increased joint contact area, thus, potentially increasing the joint stability in total shoulder arthroplasty with simulated glenoid retroversion. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:666–674, 2016.
Robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer
Authors: Abdul‐Muhsin Haidar M. , L'esperance James O. , Fischer Kimberly , Woods Michael E. , Porter James R. , Castle Erik P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRobotic surgical techniques are now being applied in the setting of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) for testicular cancer. While laparoscopic RPLND has not been widely accepted, reports of robot assisted RPLND (RARPLND) are emerging. This manuscript will review the application of RPLND for testicular cancer, evolution of minimally invasive techniques, the controversies, and current status of RARPLND. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:736–740. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of flow‐through saline gravel pit lakes on the hydrologic budget and hydrochemistry of a Mediterranean drainage basin
Authors: Mollema Pauline N. , Antonellini Marco , Dinelli Enrico , Greggio Nicolas , Stuyfzand Pieter J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFlow‐through brackish gravel pit lakes near the Adriatic Coast of Emilia Romagna (Italy) in the Mediterranean have a large influence on the hydrologic budget of the watershed. Strong evaporation in combination with intense drainage of the low lying basins enhances groundwater inflow into the lake. Precipitation falling on the lakes is mixed with brackish/saline lake water causing the loss of freshwater. The gravel pit lakes are characterized by a high salinity (TDS = 4.6–12.3 g L−1) and high pH (8.5). Stable isotope data show that gravel pit lake water is fed by groundwater which is a mix of Apennine River water and (Holocene) Adriatic Seawater, subsequently enriched by evaporation. The slope of the local evaporation line is 5.4. Conservative tracer and water budget modeling shows that the final Cl concentration depends strongly on the ratio of evaporation to total inflow. Increasing drainage to compensate for sea level rise, subsidence or intense precipitation would enhance ground water flow into the lake and decrease Cl concentration while increasing evaporation would increase Cl concentration. Groundwater rich in dissolved trace elements flows into the gravel pit lakes that contains water with a higher pH and dissolved oxygen. Pit lake water remains enriched in some elements (e.g., Ba, Mo, Sb) and depleted in others (e.g., Fe, Ca, Zn, SO4) with respect to groundwater composition. The gravel pit lakes show limited eutrophication but the water quality should be monitored for trace elements (e.g., As) if they are to be used for recreational purposes.
Size as the master trait in modeled copepod fecal pellet carbon flux
Authors: Stamieszkin Karen , Pershing Andrew J. , Record Nicholas R. , Pilskaln Cynthia H. , Dam Hans G. , Feinberg Leah R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractZooplankton fecal pellet flux is a highly variable component of the biological carbon pump. While fecal pellets can comprise 0 to nearly 100% of particulate organic carbon collected in sediment traps, mechanisms for this variability remain poorly understood. Fecal pellet carbon flux is a complex function of several variables. We present a model that incorporates individual‐scale metabolic processes to determine fecal pellet production rate, the relationship between body size and fecal pellet size, the relationship between fecal pellet size and sinking rate, and a function representing the breakdown of particles in the water column. When applied to copepod communities sampled by the continuous plankton recorder in the Gulf of Maine over 25 years, a seasonal pattern of fecal pellet carbon flux emerges. The interannual flux time series produced by the model reflects known oceanographic perturbations and shows how organism‐scale processes can be scaled up to explain ecosystem level variability. We conclude that fecal pellet carbon flux in the Gulf of Maine is driven by copepod community size structure and copepod abundance, and that the fraction of fecal pellet carbon that reaches depth is a function of copepod size, rather than abundance. Changes in the physical environment which alter the size composition of the copepod community lead to variability in fecal pellet carbon flux. Our results indicate that incorporating size composition into biogeochemical models can more accurately constrain zooplankton‐mediated carbon flux.
Deep dynamic pools of phosphorus in the sediment of a temperate lagoon with recurring blooms of diazotrophic cyanobacteria
Authors: Scicluna Todd R. , Woodland Ryan J. , Zhu Yafei , Grace Michael R. , Cook Perran L. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe storage and release of phosphorus by sediments can act as an important control on the formation of noxious blooms of cyanobacteria in lakes and estuaries. Here we studied the uptake and release of phosphorus associated with iron oxides within sediments of a lagoon system affected by recurring summer blooms of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Using an ascorbate extraction, we observed deep pools of iron oxide associated phosphorus (P) at concentrations of ∼5 μmol g−1 dry sed to a depth of ∼20 cm. This pool rapidly decreased with the onset of water column anoxia, leading to an integrated release of ∼300 mmol of phosphorus m−2 of sediment over 3.5 months. Scaling this flux over the periodically anoxic area of the lake and over the period of an N. spumigena bloom (November–December 2011) gave a broad mass balance agreement with the increase in total phosphorus within the water column and exported from the lagoon. Over this period we estimated that P release from the sediment would have allowed ∼130–187 tonnes of nitrogen to be fixed which agrees with previous estimates of nitrogen fixation. Upon reoxygenation of the water column, a regeneration of the deep iron oxide associated phosphorus pool was observed. This deep dynamic pool of phosphorus was most likely mediated by the burrowing activity of the polychaete Capitella capitata which was observed at the study site. This study underscores the potential importance of sediments colonized by deeply irrigating fauna to become a significant source of phosphorus during water column anoxia.
Spike shape analysis of electromyography for parkinsonian tremor evaluation
Authors: Marusiak Jarosław , Andrzejewska Renata , Świercz Dominika , Kisiel‐sajewicz Katarzyna , Jaskólska Anna , Jaskólski Artur 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Standard electromyography (EMG) parameters have limited utility for evaluation of Parkinson disease (PD) tremor. Spike shape analysis (SSA) EMG parameters are more sensitive than standard EMG parameters for studying motor control mechanisms in healthy subjects. SSA of EMG has not been used to assess parkinsonian tremor. This study assessed the utility of SSA and standard time and frequency analysis for electromyographic evaluation of PD‐related resting tremor. Methods: We analyzed 1‐s periods of EMG recordings to detect nontremor and tremor signals in relaxed biceps brachii muscle of seven mild to moderate PD patients. Results: SSA revealed higher mean spike amplitude, duration, and slope and lower mean spike frequency in tremor signals than in nontremor signals. Standard EMG parameters (root mean square, median, and mean frequency) did not show differences between the tremor and nontremor signals. Conclusions: SSA of EMG data is a sensitive method for parkinsonian tremor evaluation. Muscle Nerve 52: 1096–1098, 2015