bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Unconventional Binding Mode of a DNA‐Encoded Library Hit Provides a Blueprint for Sirtuin 6 Inhibitor Development
Authors: You Weijie , Montoya Alba L. , Dana Srikanta , Franzini Raphael M. , Steegborn Clemens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSirtuin 6 (Sirt6), an NAD+‐dependent deacylase, has emerged as a promising target for aging‐related diseases and cancer. Advancing the medicinal chemistry of Sirt6 modulators is crucial for the development of chemical probes aimed at unraveling the intricate biological functions of Sirt6 and unlocking its therapeutic potential. A proprietary DNA‐encoded library yielded Sirt6 inhibitor 2‐Pr, displaying remarkable inhibitory activity and isoform‐selectivity, and featuring a chemical structure distinct from reported Sirt6 modulators. In this study, we explore the inhibitory mechanism of 2‐Pr, evaluating the impact of chemical modifications and presenting a crystal structure of the Sirt6/ADP‐ribose/2‐Pr complex. Notably, co‐crystal structure analysis reveals an unexpected and unprecedented binding mode of Sirt6, with 2‐Pr spanning the acyl channel of the enzyme, extending into the acetyl‐lysine binding pocket, and reaching toward the C‐site. This unique binding mode guides potential avenues for developing potent and selective Sirt6 inhibitors.
Color representations of normals and congenital red–green color deficiencies based on differential scaling of color‐names and color‐naming experiments
Authors: Ohkoba Minoru , Ishikawa Tomoharu , Kanari Kota , Hira Shoko , Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Ayama Miyoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur previous work revealed that the vision‐based color representation of congenitally color‐deficient observers (CDOs) was mostly C‐shaped bending at yellow and blue that differed from circular shape of the observers with no color vision deficiencies called CNOs in the study. In this study, the color‐name‐based internal color representation was investigated for the same observers and its relation to the vision‐based color representation was examined. First, psychological difference of all combinations of 10 color names corresponding to the Munsell basic hues was rated using a 5‐point scale. The distances of all pairs of CNOs and the CDOs agreed well with each other, in contrast to the distinctive differences in the vision‐based color representation. Second, color‐naming was conducted to the 10 color chips for each of high and medium chroma to link the vision‐based and color‐name‐based representations through the test stimuli. For the high chroma chips, color naming property of the CDOs was similar to that of the CNOs. In contrast, CDOs showed distinctively larger intra‐ and inter‐observer variabilities than CNOs for the medium chroma chips. The difference between two color chips was estimated using the results of the color naming and extended color‐name difference ratings which is called “color‐naming difference.” No systematic relationship was observed among the color‐chip difference, color‐name difference, and color naming difference in individual comparisons. It indicated that the color‐naming difference is greater for the pairs including YR/Y/GY versus G/B, and vice versa for the pairs consisting of BG, B, PB, P, and RP. These suggest the followings; first, CDOs seem to utilize lightness difference strategically in the visual assessment, second, psychological differences among “blue,” “green,” “purple,” or “gray” are distinct for CDOs although the color chips given those names in our experiment appear close.
Complex stress mechanism and design method of urban rail prestressed concrete U‐beams based on finite element simulation
Authors: Wang Mengjun , Wang Yuhua , Sun Shuanhu , Bai Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryTo explore the complex stress mechanism of prestressed concrete U‐beams in urban rail transit, in order to improve the safety of urban rail transit construction and the economy of beam structures. The study first analyzed the complex stress mechanism of U‐beams and obtained a tension compression rod model through finite element analysis. Then, experimental research was conducted on the vertical three‐dimensional finite element stress of U‐beams, and strain cloud maps were obtained and compared with calculated values. The experimental data show that the beam can still recover to its original state after the second cycle, and the beam will not crack. This recovery mechanism means that U‐beams have high crack resistance and stability under complex stress processes. In the vertical deformation cloud map of the U‐beam, the deflection of the mid span section is the largest, with a maximum displacement of about 20.4 mm, which is very close to the measured value of 20.3 mm. In the measured data of concrete strain measuring points and the results of finite element calculation, the difference rate between measured values and calculated values of some measuring points is within 10%. The results indicate that the U‐shaped beam tension and compression rod model combined with finite element analysis has a high degree of conformity with the actual situation, and can provide technical reference for the construction of urban rail transit. The stress mechanism and design method proposed in the study have high reliability and are suitable for the design and construction of prestressed concrete U‐beams in urban rail transit construction.
Mechanochemical Controlled Radical Polymerization: From Harsh to Mild
Authors: Feng Haoyang , Shao Xiaoyang , Wang Zhenhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanochemistry constitutes a burgeoning field that investigates the chemical and physicochemical alterations of substances under mechanical force. It enables the synthesis of materials which is challenging to obtain via thermal, optical or electrical activation methods. In addition, it diminishes reliance on organic solvents and provides a novel route for green chemistry. Today, as a distinct branch alongside electrochemistry, photochemistry, and thermochemistry, mechanochemistry has emerged as a frontier research domain within chemistry and material science. In recent years, the intersection of mechanochemistry with controlled radical polymerization has witnessed rapid advancements, providing new routes to polymer science. Significantly, we have experienced breakthroughs in methods relying on sonochemistry, piezoelectricity and contact electrification. These methodologies not only facilitate the synthesis of polymers with high molecular weight but also enable precise control over polymer chain length and structure. Transitioning from harsh to mild conditions in mechanochemical routes has facilitated a significant improvement in the controllability of mechanochemical polymerization. From this perspective, we introduce the progress of mechanochemistry in controlled radical polymerization in recent years, aim to clarify the historcial development of this topic.
CEO background experience and firms' environmental innovation: The moderating effect of tenure
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Wu Yuhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental innovation is a key approach for firms wishing to improve their competitiveness, and CEOs have a crucial impact on the environmental innovation of the firms they lead. Based on upper‐echelon theory, this study explores the impact of CEOs' overseas experience, political background, and environmental background on their firms' environmental innovation, as well as the moderating effect of CEO tenure. We selected Chinese A‐share listed manufacturing companies operating between 2014 and 2021 as the research sample and tested our hypotheses using STATA 15.1 software. The results indicate that the political background, overseas experience, and environmental background of a CEO all have a positive impact on firms' environmental innovation. The CEO tenure plays a positive moderating role in the impact of the three types of CEO background experiences on firms' environmental innovation. Further analysis reveals that the promotion effect on firms' environmental innovation of CEO overseas experience and political background is more significant in state‐owned firms, while the promotion effect of environmental background is more significant in nonstate‐owned firms. When compared with small firms, the three background experiences have a more significant impact on environmental innovation in large firms. CEO background experience has a positive impact on both the substantive and strategic environmental innovation of firms. We provide references for the implementation of environmental innovation and the selection of relevant executives.
Energy efficient scheme for improving network lifetime using BAT algorithm in wireless sensor network
Authors: Saini Shalu , Singh Manjeet 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWireless sensor networks consist of several autonomous nodes that are outfitted with sensors, radio, processors, memory storage, and power sources. These nodes track, sense, and send data using radio. While establishing a network, the two most essential characteristics are coverage and connectivity. For better connectivity and a longer network life, it's important to make the coverage area as big as possible with the fewest number of sensor nodes. The goal of this research is to make a connected sensor network that uses less energy and can be used in situations where the sensors need to be placed in the best way to make the network last as long as possible. The probabilistic sensing model is used, and improved network lifetime is the goal of the research work by using problem‐specific intelligent optimization techniques like BAT, ACO, and JOA to maximize the coverage area with respect to energy and points of interest. This work introduces a novel approach that optimizes both coverage and connectivity. The modified binary bat algorithm overcomes computational complexities and local optima observed in existing methods. Uniquely, it models the three states of each sensor node and includes innovative features like a greedy initialization and a weighted cost function for improving network efficiency. After investigation, it was analyzed that the proposed solution significantly improves network lifetime by over 10% to 12% compared to existing methods like JOA and ACO. The proposed approach converges faster and performs more efficiently.
The pressing need for study on the effects of Mpox on the progression of vascular inflammation: A well‐timed call
Authors: Meem Sara Shahid , Proma Amrin Yeasin , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis article explored the possibility that the Mpox virus (MPXV) may initiate or stimulate the consequences of vascular inflammation. In 1970, it was discovered that Macaca cynomolgus primates infected with MPXV also infected humans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.DiscussionThe study demonstrates that MPXV invades host cells via viral proteins and surface receptors, initiating the release of diverse inflammatory mediators such as IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α, CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and so forth probably through endothelial dysfunction by reactive oxygen species production. In general, these mediators have been found to contribute to vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque at a later stage, which may contribute to the onset of vascular inflammation.ConclusionThe discussed association between vascular inflammation and Mpox has the potential to be an important finding in the field of vascular biology research.
Pregnancy outcomes by hyperemesis gravidarum severity and time of diagnosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Porgador Omri , Sheiner Eyal , Pariente Gali , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWith inconsistencies regarding the possible effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on the course of pregnancy, this research aimed to study the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and pregnancy outcomes, while also addressing the trimester of diagnosis and severity.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed, including all singleton deliveries of mothers from the largest health maintenance organization in the country, in a single tertiary hospital between 1991 and 2021. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was compared between pregnancies with and without hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis. Multivariable generalized estimation equation binary models were used to study the association between maternal hyperemesis gravidarum, trimester of diagnosis and hyperemesis gravidarum severity and the studied outcomes.ResultsThe study population included 232 476 pregnancies, of which 3227 (1.4%) were complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Women with hyperemesis gravidarum were more likely to deliver preterm (adj. OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.50), a newborn with low birthweight (adj. OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.16–1.98, only if diagnosed in the second trimester), and to have a cesarean delivery (adj. OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.09–1.32). They were less likely to deliver small gestational age newborn (adj. OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99) and their offspring to experience perinatal mortality (adj. OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.93, among mild cases only). A dose–response association was observed between preterm birth and hyperemesis gravidarum (adj. OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11–1.44, for mild cases and adj. OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.31–3.19, for severe cases).ConclusionsHyperemesis gravidarum is associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes including mainly preterm delivery in a dose–response manner and when diagnosed during the second trimester.
Effect of 460 nm blue light PBM on human MeWo melanoma cells
Authors: Qin Haokuan , Yang Jiali , Jiang Hui , Huang Shijie , Fu Qiqi , Zhu Baohua , Liu Muqing , Chen Gaofei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) using 460 nm blue light has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on skin cancer cells. In this study, we used a continuous LED light source with a wavelength of 460 nm and designed various combinations of power density (ranging from 6.4 to 25.6 mW) and dose (ranging from 0.96 to 30.72 J/cm2) to conduct treatment experiments on MeWo cells to investigate the effects of blue light on MeWo melanoma cells. We are focusing on cell viability, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. We found that blue light inhibits these melanoma cells through oxidative stress and DNA damage, and this inhibition intensifies at higher irradiance levels. Although the cells initially attempt to resist the stress induced by the treatment, they eventually undergo apoptosis over time. These findings contribute to understanding melanoma's molecular response to blue light PBM, lay the groundwork for future clinical applications.
A comparison of virtual reality and three‐dimensional multiplanar educational methods for student learning of cone beam computed tomography interpretations
Authors: Bui Duy , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Ramaswamy Vidya , Kosecki Brianna , Bonine Brandon , Kim‐Berman Hera 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare student learning of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) interpretation using immersive virtual reality (VR) and three‐dimensional multiplanar (MP) reconstructions.MethodsSixty first‐year dental students were randomly allocated to two groups, VR and MP, and underwent a one‐on‐one educational intervention to identify anatomic structures using CBCT data. All participants completed three multiple‐choice questionnaires (MCQs) before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 2 weeks following (T3) the intervention. Additionally, pre‐survey, post‐survey, NASA Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX), and presence questionnaires were completed. Analysis of objective measures of performance on MCQs and subjective data from the questionnaires was completed (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was a significant increase in test performance and informational recall between T1–T2 and T1–T3 for VR and MP groups (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in performance on MCQs between T2 and T3. Analysis of the Presence questionnaire indicated that the VR group felt decreased distraction (p = 0.013), increased realism (p = 0.035), and increased involvement (p = 0.047) during the educational intervention when compared with the MP group. Analysis of the NASA‐TLX indicated that the VR group experienced more physical demand (p < 0.01) but similar cognitive demand when compared with the MP group. Qualitative responses indicated that the VR group had a more dynamic sense of visualization and manipulation compared to the MP group.ConclusionResults from this study show that VR is as effective as traditional MP methods of CBCT interpretation learning. Further benefits of VR educational intervention include increased involvement, realism and less distraction.
Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glandulae uropygiale in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: İşbilir Fatma , Özgüden Akkoç Cansel Güzin , İşbilir İhsan , Özöner Özgür , Güzel Barış Can , Arıcan İlker , Atalgın Şükrü Hakan , Can Mehmet , Bekmezci Soner 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the macroanatomical, morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic characteristics of the uropygial gland in adult male and female turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The glandula uropygialis of 13 adult turkeys (6 males and 7 females) were used for this study. It was determined that this glandular structure located dorsal to the last caudal vertebrae was heart‐shaped and consisted of two lobes and a papilla system. As a result of statistical evaluation, significant differences were found between the sexes in the parameters of lobe length, papilla width and papilla height (p < .05). Also, papilla uropygialis index (PUI) value had a statistically significant difference (p < .05). Tissue samples taken to determine the histological structure of the gland were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Crossman's triple, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), diastase, and orcein. Histological examination revealed that the gland had a two‐lobed structure surrounded by a capsule composed of connective tissue. It was determined that the gland had a tubular structure and the epithelial layer consisted of cellular layers as a germinative layer, intermediate layer, secretory layer, and degenerative layer from the periphery to center. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the lobe structure of the gland consisted of different shaped follicles protruding from the surface. It was observed that these glandular follicle structures were gathered together in different ways or mostly disorganized. As a result of the study, it was determined that the morphological and histological structure of the uropygial gland in turkeys was similar to that of other bird species, but showed some species‐specific and habitat‐dependent differences in general. ArıcanResearch Highlights
The uropygial gland consisted of a system of two lobes and one papilla in each of male and female turkeys.
The glandular lobes consisted of follicles surrounded by connective tissue, while the follicles were connected to each other by interfollicular septae.
The results obtained in morphometric measurements revealed statistical differences between male and female birds.
Histological examination showed periodic acid Schiff (PAS) (+) reaction in the basal membranes of tubule epithelial cells and secretion.
Lymphoid cell communities were found in both connective tissue and intertubular regions.
The fact that the reaction was not glycogen‐induced was determined by the observation of PAS positivity as a result of staining with the PAS‐diastase technique.
Reduction of metal artefacts from bilateral hip prostheses during lower extremity computed tomography angiography: an experimental phantom study
Authors: Abdalqader Omarah N. , Hjouj Mohammad , Aljamal Mohammad , Hjouj Fawaz , Abuzaid Mohamed , Mousa Mahmoud 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionImage quality reduction due to metallic artefacts is a significant challenge during vascular computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lower extremities in patients with hip prostheses. This study aims to analyse various reconstruction algorithms' ability to reduce metal artefacts due to two types of hip prostheses during lower extremity CT angiography examinations.MethodsA pelvis phantom was fabricated with the insertion of a tube filled with contrast media to simulate the femoral artery, and the phantom was then CT scanned with and without hip prostheses. Multimodal images were acquired using different kilovoltage peak (kVp) settings and reconstructed with different algorithms, such as filtered back projection (FBP), iterative reconstruction (iDose4), iterative model‐based reconstruction (IMR) and orthopaedic metal artefact reduction (O‐MAR). Image quality was assessed based on image noise, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and Hounsfield unit (HU) deviation.ResultsThe IMR approach significantly improved image quality compared to iDose4 and FBP. For the vascular region, O‐MAR improves SNR by 5 ± 1, 23 ± 5 and 42 ± 9 for FBP, iDose4 and IMR respectively, and improves HU precision towards the baseline values by 49% and 83% for FBP and IMR, respectively. The noise reduction was 71% and 89% for FBP and IMR, and 57% for iDose4. O‐MAR greatly enhances SNR corrections among the most severe artefacts, with 29 ± 1 and 43 ± 4 for FBP and IMR, compared to iDose4 by 37 ± 7.ConclusionIMR combined with O‐MAR could improve the CT angiography of the lower extremities of patients with a hip prosthesis.
Metabolic effects and cardiovascular disease risks of antiviral treatments in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Shin Hyunjae , Lim Gyung Sun , Yoon Jae Woong , Ko Yunmi , Park Youngsu , Park Jeayeon , Hur Moon Haeng , Park Min Kyung , Cho Yuri , Lee Yun Bin , Cho Eun Ju , Kim Bo Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yu Su Jong , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDifferent antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have been known to have different metabolic effects. This study aimed to reveal whether tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)‐induced dyslipidemia and its associated outcomes are significant. This study utilized 15‐year historical cohort including patients with CHB in Korea and consisted of two parts: the single‐antiviral and switch‐antiviral cohorts. In the single‐antiviral cohort, patients were divided into four groups (entecavir [ETV]‐only, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]‐only, TAF‐only, and non‐antiviral). Propensity score matching (PSM) and linear regression model were sequentially applied to compare metabolic profiles and estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks longitudinally. In the switch‐antiviral cohort, pairwise analyses were conducted in patients who switched NAs to TAF or from TAF. In the single‐antiviral cohort, body weight and statin use showed significant differences between groups before PSM, but well‐balanced after PSM. Changes in total cholesterol were significantly different between groups (−2.57 mg/dL/year in the TDF‐only group and +2.88 mg/dL/year in the TAF‐only group; p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). In the TDF‐only group, HDL cholesterol decreased as well (−0.55 mg/dL/year; p < 0.001). The TAF‐only group had the greatest increase in ASCVD risk, followed by the TDF‐only group and the non‐antiviral group. In the switch‐antiviral cohort, patients who switched from TDF to TAF had a higher total cholesterol after switching (+9.4 mg/dL/year) than before switching (−1.0 mg/dL/year; p = 0.047). Sensitivity analysis on data with an observation period set to a maximum of 3 years for NA treatment showed consistent results on total cholesterol (−2.96 mg/dL/year in the TDF‐only group and +3.09 mg/dL/year in the TAF‐only group; p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Another sensitivity analysis conducted on statin‐treated patients revealed no significant change in cholesterol and ASCVD risk. TAF was associated with increased total cholesterol, whereas TDF was associated with decreased total and HDL cholesterol. Both TAF and TDF were associated with increased ASCVD risks, and statin use might mitigate these risks.