bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Relation Between Symmetry of Radio Galaxies and Their Physical Parameters
Authors: Javaherian Mohsen , Miraghaei Halime , Moradpour Hooman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gravity as a fundamental force plays a dominant role in the formation and evolution of cosmic objects and leaves its effect in the emergence of symmetric and asymmetric structures. Thus, analyzing the symmetry criteria allows us to uncover mechanisms behind the gravity interaction and understand the underlying physical processes that contribute to the formation of large-scale structures such as galaxies. We use a segmentation process using intensity thresholding and the k-means clustering algorithm to analyze radio galaxy images. We employ a symmetry criterion and explore the relation between morphological symmetry in radio maps and host galaxy properties. Optical properties (stellar mass, black hole mass, optical size (R
50), concentration, stellar mass surface density (μ
50), and stellar age) and radio properties (radio flux density, radio luminosity, and radio size) are considered. We found that there is a correlation between symmetry and radio size, indicating larger radio sources have smaller symmetry indices. Therefore, size of radio sources should be considered in any investigation of symmetry. Weak correlations are also observed with other properties, such as R
50 for FRI galaxies and stellar age. We compare the symmetry differences between FRI and FRII radio galaxies. FRII galaxies show higher symmetry in 1.4 GHz and 150 MHz maps. Investigating the influence of radio source sizes, we discovered that this result is independent of the sizes of radio sources. These findings contribute to our understanding of the morphological properties and analyses of radio galaxies.
Semi-analytical modeling of prompt redeposition in a steady-state plasma
Authors: Cappelli L. , Fedorczak N. , Serre E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A steady-state, 1D semi-analytical model for prompt redeposition based on the separation between redeposition caused by the electric field in the sheath and redeposition related to gyromotion is here described. The model allows for the estimation of not only the fraction of promptly redeposited flux but also the energy and angular distribution of the non-promptly redeposited population, along with their average charge state. Thus, the temperature and mean parallel-to-B velocity of the non-promptly redeposited flux are also available. The semi-analytical model was validated against equivalent Monte Carlo simulations across a broad range of input parameters. In this paper the eroded material under exam was tungsten (W) for which the code demonstrated consistent agreement with respect to numerical results, within its defined validity limits. The model can theoretically provide a solution for any material, temperature and electron density profile in the sheath, monotonic potential drop profile, and sputtered particles energy and angular distribution at the wall. As such, this code emerges as a potential tool for addressing the boundary redeposition phenomenon in fluid impurity transport simulations.
Expulsion of runaway electrons using ECRH in the TCV tokamak
Authors: Decker J. , Hoppe M. , Sheikh U. , Duval B.P. , Papp G. , Simons L. , Wijkamp T. , Cazabonne J. , Coda S. , Devlaminck E. , Ficker O. , Hellinga R. , Kumar U. , Savoye-Peysson Y. , Porte L. , Reux C. , Sommariva C. , Tema Biwolé A. , Vincent B. , Votta L. , Team the TCV ,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Runaway electrons (REs) are a concern for tokamak fusion reactors from discharge startup to termination. A sudden localized loss of a multi-megaampere RE beam can inflict severe damage to the first wall. Should a disruption occur, the existence of a RE seed may play a significant role in the formation of a RE beam and the magnitude of its current. The application of central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) reduces an existing RE seed population by up to three orders of magnitude within only a few hundred milliseconds. Applying ECRH before a disruption can also prevent the formation of a post-disruption RE beam in TCV where it would otherwise be expected. The RE expulsion rate and consequent RE current reduction are found to increase with applied ECRH power. Whereas central ECRH is effective in expelling REs, off-axis ECRH has a comparatively limited effect. A simple 0-D model for the evolution of the RE population is presented that explains how the effective ECRH-induced RE expulsion results from the combined effects of increased electron temperature and enhanced RE transport.
Batch VUV4 characterization for the SBC-LAr10 scintillating bubble chamber
Authors: Hawley-Herrera H. , Alfonso-Pita E. , Behnke E. , Bressler M. , Broerman B. , Clark K. , Corbett J. , Dahl C.E. , Dering K. , Croix A.de St. , Durnford D. , Giampa P. , Hall J. , Harris O. , Lamb N. , Laurin M. , Levine I. , Lippincott W.H. , Liu X. , Moss N. , Neilson R. , Piro M.-C. , Pyda D. , Sheng Z. , Sweeney G. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E. , Westerdale S. , Whitis T.J. , Wright A. , Wyman E. , Zhang R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration
purchased 32 Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for use
in SBC-LAr10, a bubble chamber containing 10 kg of liquid argon. A
dark-count characterization technique, which avoids the use of a
single-photon source, was used at two temperatures to measure the
VUV4 SiPMs breakdown voltage (VBD), the SiPM gain
(g
SiPM), the rate of change of g
SiPM with
respect to voltage (m), the dark count rate (DCR), and the
probability of a correlated avalanche (PCA) as well as
the temperature coefficients of these parameters. A Peltier-based
chilled vacuum chamber was developed at Queen's University to cool
down the Quads to 233.15 ± 0.2 K and 255.15 ± 0.2 K with
average stability of ±20 mK. An analysis framework was
developed to estimate VBD to tens of mV precision and
DCR close to Poissonian error. The temperature dependence of
VBD was found to be 56 ± 2 mV K-1, and m on
average across all Quads was found to be
(459 ± 3(stat.)±23(sys.))×
103 e- PE-1 V-1. The average DCR temperature
coefficient was estimated to be 0.099 ± 0.008 K-1
corresponding to a reduction factor of 7 for every 20 K drop in
temperature. The average temperature dependence of PCA
was estimated to be 4000 ± 1000 ppm K-1. PCA
estimated from the average across all SiPMs is a better estimator
than the PCA calculated from individual SiPMs, for all
of the other parameters, the opposite is true. All the estimated
parameters were measured to the precision required for SBC-LAr10,
and the Quads will be used in conditions to optimize the
signal-to-noise ratio.
How much symmetry do symmetric measurements need for efficient operational applications?
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We introduce a generalization of symmetric measurements to collections of unequinumerous positive, operator-valued measures (POVMs). This provides a uniform description of objects that are more general than symmetric, informationally complete POVMs and mutually unbiased bases, but at the same time less destructive and more noise tolerant. For informationally complete sets, we propose construction methods from orthonormal Hermitian operator bases. The correspondence between operator bases and measurements can be as high as one-to-four, with a one-to-one correspondence following only under additional assumptions. Importantly, it turns out that some of the symmetry properties, lost in the process of generalization, can be recovered without fixing the same number of elements for all POVMs. In particular, for a wide class of unequinumerous symmetric measurements that are conical 2-designs, we derive the index of coincidence, entropic uncertainty relations, and separability criteria for bipartite quantum states.
Extreme Overvalued Beliefs
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Psychiatrist Dr. Tahir Rahman of Washington University in St. Louis describes in the simplest terms what drives most terrorists, assassins, and mass shooters—beliefs shared by others in a person’s culture, religion, or subculture. While many people ascribe the terms delusion or obsession to account for the fixations seen in individuals that commit acts of targeted violence, the new term extreme overvalued beliefs has invigorated forensic and threat assessment professionals. This seminal book provides the framework to direct the future of psychiatric classification as it relates to targeted violence. In vivid detail, Rahman applies concise definitions of obsessions, delusions, and extreme overvalued beliefs to well-known historical cases.
Red Flags
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Terrorism Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18), was developed by psychologist and FBI consultant Dr. J. Reid Meloy. The TRAP-18 is a structured and validated approach for threat assessment which has undoubtedly been responsible for saving numerous lives. Proximal warning signs (pathway, fixation, identification, novel aggression, energy burst, leakage, last resort, and directly communicated threat) and distal characteristics (personal grievance and moral outrage, framed by an ideology, failure to affiliate with a group, dependence on the virtual community, thwarting of occupational goals, changes in thinking and emotion, failure of sexually intimate pair bonding, mental disorder, creativity and innovation, and criminal violence) are described with case examples (extreme overvalued beliefs, delusions, and obsessions).
Anorexia Nervosa, Querulants, and Others
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Anorexia hysterique (anorexia nervosa) was first described by Sir William Gull. Variations in various disorders involving appearance, weight, and physical attributes are categorized by psychiatrists as distinct disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, purging disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, orthorexia, and bigorexia. Paul E. Mullen has discussed querulants; the term querulous itself describes a pattern of behavior involving the unusually persistent pursuit of a personal grievance in a manner seriously damaging to the individual’s own economic, social, and personal interests. They will often seek compensation or retribution for a grievance by utilizing the legal system, often as a pro se litigant. Sovereign Citizens are anti-government extremists who claim to be above the law; they attribute their authority to Posse Comitatus. The U.S. Capitol attack and Stephen Paddock cases are also discussed.
Lee Harvey Oswald
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While conspiracy theories still abound, the conclusion drawn in the Warren Commission report is that assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was the sole perpetrator of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. (Oswald was later murdered by Jack Ruby.) A notable group of authors and academic scholars were listed as sponsors of a Fair Play for Cuba advertisement, including Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, James Baldwin, and Simone de Beauvoir. Lee Harvey Oswald exhibited five proximal warning signs and eight distal characteristics of lone-actor terrorism. A self-described Marxist-Leninist, Oswald expected fame and notoriety when he defected to the Soviet Union, but the KGB became highly suspicious of him and turned him away. The work of Vincent Bugliosi (Reclaiming History) and Gerald Posner (Case Closed) are applied to the TRAP-18 (Terrorism Radicalization Assessment Protocol) developed by Reid Meloy. His failure to affiliate was a red flag that could have prevented JFK’s assassination.
Black Voices in Early Modern Spanish Literature, 1500-1750
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book recovers a missing chapter in the history of Afro-Iberian diasporas. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, black women and men—enslaved, free(d), and half-manumitted—resided in the Iberian peninsula, particularly as a result of the transatlantic slave trade. This renovated the period’s human, urban, and social landscapes. In exploring Spain’s role in the Atlantic slave trade, and the cultural forms of the period, the book pictures the black African diaspora’s broad yet unexplored literary impact. It transforms our understanding of blackness in early modern Spanish literary activities by providing new readings of the era’s literary texts, unearthing new documents about black communities, and creating a space for black poets in the literary cannon of early modernity. This book stands at the crossroads between the history of Spanish literature in Spain and that of black African diasporas, two disciplines that have not fully entered into dialogue before. While the study of Spanish literature in Spain has disregarded the black African presence or seen it as merely echoing the voices of white poets of early modernity, the studies of black African diasporas have focused on more recent times and on different geographical areas such as English- and French-speaking countries, and the Caribbean where the Hispanic world is concerned. Black Voices builds a bridge between these two fields and promote a lively scholarly debate in an area that clearly merits academic study. The archaeological explorations of all manners of archives that form the research behind this book bring to the fore a meaningful Black archive long forgotten.
Introduction
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter contributes several key ideas that frame Black Voices. It lays out the book’s main argument: black women and men were cultural agents; they were both contributors to and consumers of cultural forms and practices. The introduction also offers a summary of what the book does: delving into early modern literary archives and providing close readings of new and known texts in order to establish the legacy of black women and men and discuss its implication for early modern Spanish culture and the formation of the era’s racial thinking. Importantly, it highlights the book’s main intervention in the field of Early Modern Black Hispanic Studies: the recognition of the tension between black agency and its limits in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spanish literary texts. Last but not least, it reflects on the terminology used to describe a complex reality involving a range of people from different generations, some born in Spain, some coming directly or indirectly from a variety of sub-Saharan territories, and collectively embodying a virtually endless number of skin tones.
Beyond the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the cultural impact of the black African diaspora, particularly in one hundred literary texts published in Spain between 1510 and 1694. By juxtaposing historical records and literary representations, it shows how these literary texts spread narratives on blackness that were influenced and shaped by the concerns of black women and men, not just the prerogatives of white writers. Pushing back on traditional scholarly interpretations of stereotypical images of black characters, this chapter takes literary texts to be the product of a receiving culture in need of othering the black African presence in Spain. The complicated dynamics of race and power are manifested in representations of idealised relationships between enslavers and enslaved black characters, as well as in sexualised black bodies.
Performing Blackness
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the influence of black Africans on the early modern literary, musical, and theatrical genre of villancicos de negros. It argues that black churchgoers and audience members helped to popularise villancicos, and that black performers likely contributed to lyrics. A case in point are the villancicos de negros performed in Seville, which encompassed a range of issues directly concerning the city’s black confraternity. More generally, the corpus is read in light of the broader context of fiestas in which they were performed, and which figured large in the lives of the black population in urban Spain. Also, villancicos functioned propagandistically, circulating early modern ideas of nation and race. In looking at villancicos de negros from these multiple viewpoints, the chapter expands our understanding of both villancicos and the cultural engagement of black Africans.
A Catalogue of Black Stereotypes and Images in Seventeenth-Century Villancicos de Negros Performed in Spain
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This Appendix provides a framework for considering the prejudiced image that emerges from more than three hundred known villancicos de negros performed in seventeenth-century Spain. This overriding representation was based on a vested (white) interest in establishing a hierarchy of peoples living in the Iberian peninsula; but it was also an idea with which black Africans themselves had to contend in order to negotiate their own blackness. The significance of the Appendix is not so much the use of particular images by single villancico authors but rather the repeated collective reliance on a small number of simplistic, formulaic ideas to represent blackness, which reinforced the hegemonic, anti-black ethos in early modern Iberia. Alongside stereotyped tropes and images, villancicos included some distinctive manifestations of black pride and a sense of black community. The Appendix shows traces of egalitarian messages about race and notable depictions of black Africans’ common-day activities.
Jácara de sucesos about Francisco de Meneses (1687)
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This Appendix includes a full edition of the jácara de sucesos about Francisco de Meneses thoroughly discussed in chapter 4, section 4. A translation into English follows. This jácara de sucesos recounts the story of Francisco de Meneses, a black man who was convicted of rape and murder in the city of Ciudad Real in 1687. Importantly, it recounts his success in negotiating his manumission with the money earned while dancing. As part of a genre based on historical events, the details in Meneses’s story constitute valuable data for understanding the lives, and in particular, the cultural agency of individuals like Francisco de Meneses, whose depiction differs markedly from the stereotypical images of black characters in literary texts of the same period.
Evaluation of Lyme serologic quantitative test indexes: High first-tier test index values predict positive second-tier result in standard and modified 2-tier Lyme testing algorithms
Authors: Lewandrowski Elizabeth Lee , Branda John A , Klontz Erik , Nigrovic Lise E , Lewandrowski Kent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we evaluated the potential utility of reporting a quantitative Lyme serologic test index to improve the utility of results from first-tier Lyme assays.

Methods
Serum from consecutive samples sent to our laboratory for Lyme testing were tested on 2 commercial first-tier Lyme assays and evaluated to determine the probability of second-tier confirmation based on the serologic index value.

Results
For both assays, we identified an index value above which 100% of samples confirmed on second-tier testing using both standard and modified 2-tier testing algorithms. Lower rates of confirmation were observed for positive or equivocal samples with lower index values.

Conclusion
The use of a Lyme test index value may eliminate the need for confirmatory testing on many positive first-tier samples, providing more rapid turnaround time to a definitive result. This practice would also increase efficiency in the clinical laboratory.
Between Authority and Usurpation? Common Good and Constitutional Government
Authors: Ekins Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The classical tradition of law and government supports lawful authority and condemns usurpation. But the common good sometimes provides a reason to sweep aside existing constitutional arrangements. This article considers the way in which authority and usurpation feature in Adrian Vermeule’s recent book, Common Good Constitutionalism, and thus reflects on the nature of constitutional government. Vermeule’s work combines a commendable philosophy of government with a questionable philosophy of legal reasoning, which weakens the force of Vermeule’s account of American constitutional law and practice. Reflection on the scope of the common good—on whose common good counts—has important implications for how, and for whom, authority should be exercised. Collective agency is important in securing the common good and representative democracy is an important means to unite a people in common action for their good. Constitutional government should aim to command popular support. Forms of constitutional government are contingent, but usurpation of lawful public authority is an evil that should be avoided.
Processing Pronouns of Address in a Job Interview in French and German
Authors: den Hartog Maria , Sánchez Carrasco Patricia , Schoenmakers Gert-Jan , Hogeweg Lotte , de Hoop Helen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Does it matter whether applicants are addressed with formal or informal pronouns in online job interviews? This study shows that it does indeed, at least for speakers of French and German. Both French (n = 171) and German (n = 198) participants were more positive about a recruiter who addressed them with formal pronouns. The use of informal pronouns led to negative ratings of that recruiter by French participants, and to lower ratings of the recruiter, the company, and lower salary expectations by German participants. German men were found to be more sensitive than women to the use of formal pronouns, which had positive effects on their attitudes towards the job, company, and their salary expectations. Despite a general trend towards more use of informal pronouns in German workplaces, our study shows that using them in an online job interview has negative outcomes for companies. French participants react even more negatively to the use of informal pronouns, but these mainly have negative effects on their judgment of the recruiter rather than the company for which the recruiter is acting.
Impact of small-bite (5 mm) fascial closure on the incidence of incisional hernia following open colorectal cancer surgery: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ozcan Cumhur , Colak Tahsin , Turkmenoglu Ozgur , Berkesoglu Mustafa , Ertas Elif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Incisional hernia is frequently observed after open colorectal cancer surgery, and should be considered a serious short- and long-term health issue. The present study evaluated the efficacy of small-bite abdominal closure in reducing the incidence of incisional hernia in this patient group.

Methods
An RCT was conducted between June 2019 and June 2022. A total of 173 patients who underwent open colorectal cancer surgery were assigned randomly to one of two groups to undergo fascial closure with either small bites (87) or conventional bites (86). The incisional hernia rate was accepted as the primary outcome, and surgical-site infection as the secondary outcome.

Results
The incisional hernia rates at 1 year were 7 and 27% in the small- and conventional-bite groups respectively (P &lt; 0.001). This rate increased to 9 and 31% at the end of the second year (P &lt; 0.001). Surgical-site infections occurred in 18% of the small-bite group and 31% of the conventional-bite group (P = 0.03). Compared with the conventional-bite group, the small-bite group had higher suture/wound length ratios (mean(s.d.) 5.18(0.84) versus 3.67(0.57); P &lt; 0.001) and a longer fascial closure time 14.1(4.64) versus 12.9(2.39) min; P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Small-bite closure with 5-mm tissue bites placed 5 mm apart reduced the incidence of incisional hernia and surgical-site infection after open colorectal cancer surgery.