bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Scoring System For Evaluation of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Premature Infants
Authors: Çetinkaya Merih , Köksal Nilgün , Özkan Hilal 
Published: September 2012

Background
The Neonatal Multiple Organ Dysfunction (NEO-MOD) scoring system is used to predict mortality in infants with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The NEOMOD scoring system was extended to include involvement of the microvascular system. This modified scoring system was developed to enable more accurate and earlier diagnosis of MODS in premature infants.

Objective
To evaluate the modified NEOMOD scoring system in preterm infants with MODS and compare its effectiveness with the NEOMOD scoring system.

Methods
This prospective study was performed in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. A total of 198 premature infants were enrolled. Infants were evaluated for development of MODS by using the modified NEOMOD scoring system until discharge or death according to clinical and laboratory findings. Infants who had organ dysfunction in 2 or more organ systems had MODS diagnosed.

Results
In the 160 infants (80.8%) with MODS, the gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, and hematologic system were involved most often. The gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, and acid-base metabolism were involved initially in 99.4%, 86.3%, and 26.3% of infants, respectively. The mean modified NEOMOD score for the infants who died in the first 28 days after birth was significantly higher than the mean score for infants who survived. The number of systems involved was also higher in infants who died.

Conclusions
The modified NEOMOD scoring system is a safe and accurate tool for determining both mortality rate and dysfunction of multiple organ systems affecting mortality in pre-term infants.
Bone Marrow Dendritic Cell-Mediated Regulation of TLR and B Cell Receptor Signaling in B Cells
Authors: Sindhava Vishal J. , Tuna Halide , Gachuki Beth W. , DiLillo David J. , Avdiushko Margarita G. , Onami Thandi M. , Tedder Thomas F. , Cohen Donald A. , Bondada Subbarao 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in regulation of immune responses. In the periphery, Ag presentation by DCs is critical for adaptive responses; for this reason, DCs are often targets of adjuvants that enhance vaccine responses. Activated mature DCs enhance B cell activation and differentiation by providing cytokines like BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand. However, the role of immature DCs in B cell tolerance is not well studied. Recently, mouse immature bone marrow-derived DCs (iBMDCs) have been shown to suppress anti-IgM–induced B cell activation. In this study, we tested the ability of mouse DCs to modulate B cell functions during TLR activation. We found that iBMDCs potently suppressed proliferation and differentiation of various B cell subsets on TLR stimulation. However, iBMDCs did not affect CD40-mediated B cell activation. Optimal suppression of B cell activation by iBMDCs required cell contact via the CD22 receptor on B cells. The B cell suppression was a property of iBMDCs or DCs resident in the bone marrow (BM), but not mature BM-derived DCs or DCs resident in the spleen. Presence of iBMDCs also enhanced the Ag-induced apoptotic response of BM B cells, suggesting that the suppressive effects of iBMDCs may have a role in B cell tolerance.
Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Suppresses IL-2 Production and Regulatory T Cell Activity in Lupus
Authors: Koga Tomohiro , Ichinose Kunihiro , Mizui Masayuki , Crispín José C. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is increased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has been shown to reduce IL-2 production by promoting the effect of the transcriptional repressor cAMP responsive element modulator-α on the IL2 promoter. In this article, we demonstrate that T cells from MRL/lpr mice display increased levels of CaMK4 in the nucleus, and that genetic deletion of Camk4 results in improved survival. We demonstrate that absence of CaMK4 restores IL-2 production, curbs increased T cell activation, and augments the number and activity of regulatory T cells. Analogously, silencing of CaMK4 in T cells from patients with SLE increases the expression of FoxP3 on stimulation in the presence of TGF-β. Our results demonstrate the importance of the serine/threonine kinase CaMK4 in the generation and function of regulatory T cells in patients with SLE and lupus-prone mice, and its potential to serve as a therapeutic target.
Sound Propagation Properties of the Discrete-Velocity Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Viggen Erlend Magnus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs the numerical resolution is increased and the discretisation error decreases, the lattice Boltzmann method tends towards the discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation (DVBE). An expression for the propagation properties of plane sound waves is found for this equation. This expression is compared to similar ones from the Navier-Stokes and Burnett models, and is found to be closest to the latter. The anisotropy of sound propagation with the DVBE is examined using a two-dimensional velocity set. It is found that both the anisotropy and the deviation between the models is negligible if the Knudsen number is less than 1 by at least an order of magnitude.
On Triangular Lattice Boltzmann Schemes for Scalar Problems
Authors: Dubois François , Lallemand Pierre 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe propose to extend the d’Humieres version of the lattice Boltzmann scheme to triangular meshes. We use Bravais lattices or more general lattices with the property that the degree of each internal vertex is supposed to be constant. On such meshes, it is possible to define the lattice Boltzmann scheme as a discrete particle method, without need of finite volume formulation or Delaunay-Voronoi hypothesis for the lattice. We test this idea for the heat equation and perform an asymptotic analysis with the Taylor expansion method for two schemes named D2T4 and D2T7. The results show a convergence up to second order accuracy and set new questions concerning a possible super-convergence.
Salvage Neck Dissection after Chemoradiation in Head and Neck Cancer: Practice and Pitfalls
Authors: Murthy Vedang , Kundu Sayan , Budrukkar Ashwini , Gupta Tejpal , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Krishnatry Rahul , Agarwal Jaiprakash 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTLocally advanced head and neck cancers are usually treated with concurrent chemoradiation. The residual nodes after chemoradiation in such patients are a common scenario, but the further investigation and treatment options in form of neck dissection are still not very clear. This review focuses on the current state of available evidence in literature for management of such patients and directs for the future development to fill the lacunae.How to cite this articleAgarwal J, Kundu S, Krishnatry R Gupta T, Murthy V, Budrukkar A, Laskar SG. Salvage Neck Dissection after Chemoradiation in Head and Neck Cancer: Practice and Pitfalls. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1): 15-21.
A Rare Anatomical Relationship of Spinal Accessory Nerve to Internal Jugular Vein
Authors: Duggal Prahlad , Dhawan Amit , Sandhu Sumeet 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA patient with squamous cell carcinoma of right retromolar area of the mandible and undergoing a staging neck dissection was noted to have a unique relationship of the internal jugular vein and spinal accessory nerve. At the upper end of the dissection (level II, Memorial Sloan-Kettering classification), the spinal accessory nerve was observed to pass directly through the internal jugular vein. Although previously described only once in the literature, this finding may be encountered by other surgeons who operate in this area and it is important that these anatomical variations are borne in mind to prevent inadvertent injury. To our knowledge, this must be the first case reported from India.How to cite this articleDhawan A, Duggal P, Sandhu S. A Rare Anatomical Relationship of Spinal Accessory Nerve to Internal Jugular Vein. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1): 40-41.
Ameloblastoma of the Mandible: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Anjum Rubeena , Lone Parveen 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe ameloblastoma, particularly the mixed cystic/solid type, is the most clinically significant odontogenic tumor. The tumor is often locally aggressive and has a significant impact and may have a patient's morbidity and mortality. In this report, we present a case of a large ameloblastoma that presented with the typical radiographic features of variably sized radiolucent loculations. Microscopically, the tumor showed a pattern of acanthomatous variant predominating. The tumor was treated with a partial resection of the mandible.How to cite this articleGupta N, Anjum R, Gupta S, Lone P. Ameloblastoma of the Mandible: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):56-58.
Canevas pour évaluer et stimuler des compétences socio-émotionnelles d’enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle, avec autisme ou trouble de comportement
Authors: Nader-Grosbois Nathalie 
Published: September 2012

Cet article propose l’intégration de plusieurs axes d’évaluation et d’intervention ciblant les compétences socio-émotionnelles chez des enfants et adolescents à développement atypique, sur base d’un récent modèle heuristique du fonctionnement social de Yeates et al. (2007), inspiré des travaux menés en neuroscience sociale et en psychologie du développement. Il crée des articulations entre trois niveaux de fonctionnement social d’enfants et d’adolescents atypiques : en l’occurrence, le traitement de l’information sociale (Théorie de l’Esprit, traitement socio-perceptif, connaissances sociales), les interactions sociales (avec pairs et adultes), l’adaptation sociale et la qualité des relations. Pour chaque niveau spécifique, cet article propose des types d’instruments d’évaluation et des indications utiles pour soutenir leurs compétences ou pour limiter leurs déficits particuliers.
« It is man’s work and you are just little girlies » : narration genrée et figures de l’empowerment féminin dans le film catastrophe hollywoodien
Authors: Molia François-Xavier 
Published: September 2012

Le film catastrophe hollywoodien des années 1970 reproduisait les représentations traditionnelles des rapports de sexe dans une société patriarcale. Le cycle des années 1990 semble, lui, prendre acte des évolutions de la société contemporaine en accordant aux femmes une présence filmique accrue ainsi que des statuts sociaux plus importants. À quelle éventuelle élaboration générique ce rééquilibrage de la galerie des personnages conduit-il ?Twister(Jan de Bont, 1996),Deep Impact(Mimi Leder, 1998) etTitanic(James Cameron, 1997) modifient la formule du film catastrophe en y greffant des éléments susceptibles (du moins le suppose-t-on) d’attirer les spectatrices vers un genre « pour hommes » : traitement approfondi des enjeux amoureux et familiaux, hybridation avec le mélodrame ou la romance et amplification de la tonalité pathétique et, enfin, travail sur le point de vue féminin à travers différents procédés narratifs. Cette réorientation produit du « texte incohérent » (Robin Wood), sur le plan générique et sur le plan des représentations genrées, puisque ces femmes agissantes mais malgré tout dominées font osciller les films entre vision progressiste et stéréotypes.
Highly Electroresponsive Polymer Blends of Polyaniline Nanoparticles and Chloroprene Rubbers
Authors: Kunanuruksapong R. , Sirivat A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolymer blends between polyaniline (PANI) nano/large particles and chloroprene rubbers were fabricated and investigated as the electroresponsive materials. The effects of the chloroprene type, particle size, particle concentration, and electric field strength on the electrical properties, the storage modulus sensitivity, and the dielectrophoresis force were studied. Chloroprene W provides the highest storage modulus sensitivity at 55% and is chosen as the matrix. The electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant of the blends increase with an increasing concentration of PANI nano/large particles. The storage modulus of the blends (with and without the electric field) increases linearly with the PANI content. The maximum storage modulus sensitivities of the blends with PANI nano and large particles at E = 2 kV/mm are 73% at 0.01 vol% and 63% at 0.1 vol%, respectively. The dielectrophoresis force of all specimens increases monotonically with increasing electric field strength. The blends with PANI‐nano and large particles at 0.01 vol% generate higher dielectrophoresis forces than those of the pure chloroprene W. For the 0.1 vol% of PANI nano and large particles, the resultant deflection angle and dielectrophoresis forces are lower than those of the 0.01 vol% systems and the pure chloroprene W, presumably due to the diminishing resultant dipole moments generated with increasing PANI concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E556–E571, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21301
Effect of Biodegradable Cross‐Linkers on the Properties of the Novel Poly(NIPAAm) Hydrogels
Authors: Lee Wen‐Fu , Wang Jia‐Yi , Shen Hsin‐Hsin , Hsieh Meng‐Yow 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, a series of biodegradable cross‐linkers, [poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(d,l‐ lactide‐co‐glycolide), (PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA), diacrylate] (LGE dA) with different molar ratios of d,l‐lactide (LA)/glycolide (GA) in PLGA, were prepared from the corresponding PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA diol (LGE diol) triblock copolymers and then acrylated with acryloyl chloride. The LGE diols were synthesized through ring‐opening polymerization of LA and GA using PEG as an initiator and stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2] as a catalyst in advance. A series of novel thermosensitive and biodegradable hydrogels were then prepared from N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and LGE dA as a cross‐linker. The effect of different molar ratios of LA/GA in PLGA on the swelling ratio and physical properties of the poly(NIPAAm) hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that the swelling ratios of the poly(NIPAAm) hydrogels in deionized water decreased with increasing cross‐linker content and increased with increasing GA content in the hydrogel. The compressive modulus and cross‐linking density of the hydrogels also increased with an increase in the cross‐linker content and molar ratio of LA/GA in the present hydrogel. The hydrogels can be degraded about 60% for the NL50 series of gels, but for NL78 about 53% can be degradable in 1‐month biodegradable experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E633–E650, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21307
Regulation of inflammatory responses in tumor necrosis factor–activated and rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophages by JAK inhibitors
Authors: Yarilina Anna , Xu Kai , Chan Chunhin , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveJAK inhibitors have been developed as antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents and are currently undergoing testing in clinical trials. The JAK inhibitors CP‐690,550 (tofacitinib) and INCB018424 (ruxolitinib) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanisms that mediate the beneficial actions of these compounds are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both JAK inhibitors on inflammatory and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) responses in human macrophages.MethodsIn vitro studies were performed using peripheral blood macrophages derived from healthy donors and treated with TNF and using synovial fluid macrophages derived from patients with RA. Levels of activated STAT proteins and other transcription factors were detected by Western blotting, and gene expression was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The in vivo effects of JAK inhibitors were evaluated in the K/BxN serum–transfer model of arthritis.ResultsJAK inhibitors suppressed the activation and expression of STAT‐1 and downstream inflammatory target genes in TNF‐stimulated and RA synovial macrophages. In addition, JAK inhibitors decreased nuclear localization of NF‐κB subunits in TNF‐stimulated and RA synovial macrophages. CP‐690,550 significantly decreased the expression of interleukin‐6 in synovial macrophages. JAK inhibitors augmented nuclear levels of NF‐ATc1 and cJun, followed by increased formation of osteoclast‐like cells. CP‐690,550 strongly suppressed K/BxN serum–transfer arthritis, which is dependent on macrophages, but not lymphocytes.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that JAK inhibitors suppress macrophage activation and attenuate TNF responses and further suggest that suppression of cytokine/chemokine production and innate immunity contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of JAK inhibitors.
Bacteriocin‐mediated interactions within and between coexisting species
Authors: Hawlena Hadas , Bashey Farrah , Lively Curtis M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBacteriocins are bacteriocidal toxins released by almost all bacteria. They are thought to have a narrow range of killing, but as bacteriocin‐mediated interactions have been rarely studied at biologically relevant scales, whether this narrow range of action falls mostly within or mostly between coexisting species in natural communities is an open question with important ecological and evolutionary implications. In a previous study, we systematically sampled Xenorhabdus bacteria along a hillside and found evidence for genotypic variability and bacteriocin‐mediated interactions within Xenorhabdus bovienii and X. koppenhoeferi colonies that were collected only a few meters apart. In contrast, colonies that were isolated from the same soil sample were always genetically similar and showed no inhibitions. Here, we conducted pairwise growth‐inhibition assays within and between seven X. bovienii and five X. koppenhoeferi colonies that were isolated from different soil samples; all seven X. bovienii colonies and at least three of the X. koppenhoeferi have been distinguished as distinct genotypes based on coarse‐grain genomic markers. We found signatures for both conspecific and heterospecific bacteriocin inhibitions in this natural community of Xenorhabdus bacteria, but intraspecific inhibitions were significantly more common than interspecific inhibitions. These results suggest that bacteriocins have a major role in intraspecific competition in nature, but also suggest that bacterocins are important in mediating interspecific interactions among coexisting species in natural communities.
Simple infrared techniques for measuring beach surface moisture
Authors: Edwards Brandon L. , Namikas Steven L. , D'Sa Eurico J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTKnowledge of surface moisture on beaches is vital for aeolian process studies because moisture increases transport thresholds and limits mass flux. A number of beach surface moisture measurement techniques have been employed in the field, including sample extraction, commercial soil moisture sensors, and remote sensing techniques. Each method has significant limitations in the context of aeolian process studies. This study was designed to test infrared optic techniques for measuring beach surface moisture. A simple infrared sensor (narrow‐band radiometer) was developed to measure beach surface moisture content. The accuracy and practical usability of the narrow‐band radiometer were assessed in comparison to a commercial handheld spectroradiometer. Field calibrations conducted at Cape San Blas, Florida and Padre Island, Texas indicated that the narrow‐band radiometer performed quite well. The R2 values exceeded 0·98 in each case, and the standard error averaged about 1% moisture content compared with gravimetric moisture contents determined from 1·5 mm deep surface scrapes. The performance of the two instruments was found to be comparable, with the narrow‐band radiometer slightly outperforming the spectroradiometer. In practical applications, the narrow‐band radiometer also has logistical advantages and is better suited to measure large numbers of points. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of heavy metal and PAH exposure in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Reedy River watershed, South Carolina, USA: A multi-season assessment of metallothionein and bile fluorescence
Authors: Otter Ryan R. , Schreiber Erika A. , van den Hurk Peter , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Biomarkers can be used as tools to help determine ecological exposure in watershed assessments. In the present study, metallothionein and fixed wavelength bile fluorescence for two-, four-, and five-ring hydrocarbons were used as biomarkers of exposure in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Reedy River watershed located in South Carolina, USA. Fish were sampled from three impoundments and a reference site over three seasons in the same year. Biomarker endpoints were compared to chemical concentrations at each site during each season. Results indicated that despite elevated concentrations of hydrocarbons being present in sediments, the hydrocarbons did not appear to be bioavailable based on bile fluorescence analysis. Bile fluorescence analysis also indicated that the hydrocarbons detected in this watershed were likely of petrogenic origin. Significantly elevated sediment concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Zn, and metallothionein were found in one impoundment, Lake Conestee, compared with the reference site, indicating both the presence and bioavailability of these metals. Seasonal variability of bile fluorescence was limited; however, metallothionein showed elevated concentrations in the spring and summer compared with fall. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2763–2770. © 2012 SETAC
A meta-analytic review of life cycle assessment and flow analyses studies of palm oil biodiesel
Authors: Manik Yosef , Halog Anthony 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This work reviews and performs a meta-analysis of the recent life cycle assessment and flow analyses studies palm oil biodiesel. The best available data and information are extracted, summarized, and discussed. Most studies found palm oil biodiesel would produce positive energy balance with an energy ratio between 2.27 and 4.81, and with a net energy production of 112 GJ ha−1y−1. With the exception of a few studies, most conclude that palm oil biodiesel is a net emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG). The origin of oil palm plantation (planted area) is the foremost determinant of GHG emissions and C payback time (CPBT). Converting peatland forest results in GHG emissions up to 60 tons CO2equivalent (eq) ha−1y−1 leading to 420 years of CPBT. In contrast, converting degraded land or grassland for plantation can positively offset the system to become a net sequester of 5 tons CO2eq ha−1y−1. Few studies have discussed cradle-to-grave environmental impacts such as acidification, eutrophication, toxicity, and biodiversity, which open opportunity for further studies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 134–141. © 2012 SETAC