bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
bFGF regulates autophagy and ubiquitinated protein accumulation induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Zhou-Guang , Wang Yue , Huang Yan , Lu Qin , Zheng Lei , Hu Dong , Feng Wen-Ke , Liu Yan-Long , Ji Kang-Ting , Zhang Hong-Yu , Fu Xiao-Bing , Li Xiao-Kun , Chu Mao-Ping , Xiao Jian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAutophagy is involved in the development and/or progression of many diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we hypothesized a protective role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) both in vivo and in vitro and demonstrated that excessive autophagy and ubiquitinated protein accumulation is involved in the myocardial I/R model. Our results showed that bFGF improved heart function recovery and increased the survival of cardiomyocytes in myocardial I/R model. The protective effect of bFGF is related to the inhibition of LC3II levels. Additionally, bFGF enhances the clearance of Ub by p62 and increases the survival of H9C2 cells. Moreover, silencing of p62 partially blocks the clearance of Ub and abolishes the anti-apoptosis effect of bFGF. An shRNA against the autophagic machinery Atg7 increased the survival of H9C2 cells co-treated with bFGF and rapamycin. bFGF activates the downstream signaling of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These results indicate that the role of bFGF in myocardial I/R recovery is related to the inhibition of excessive autophagy and increased ubiquitinated protein clearance via the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Overall, our study suggests a new direction for bFGF drug development for heart disease and identifies protein signaling pathways involved in bFGF action.
The Impact of Concomitant Genomic Alterations on Treatment Outcome for Trastuzumab Therapy in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Hong Mineui , Kim Seung Tae , Park Se Hoon , Kang Won Ki , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractClinical benefit from trastuzumab and other anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) therapies in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) remains limited by primary or acquired resistance. We aimed to investigate the impact of concomitant molecular alterations to HER2 amplification on the clinical outcome of trastuzumab-treated patients. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy number variations (CNVs) and Ion Ampliseq Cancer Panel, we analyzed the status of concomitant alterations in 50 HER2-positive advanced GC patients treated with trastuzumab in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The percentage of tumor samples with at least one concomitant alteration was 40% as assessed by IHC, 16% by CNVs and 64% by Ampliseq sequencing. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.0 months (95% confidence interval, 4.8–11.3). Patients were divided into two subgroups according to PFS values with a cutoff point of 8 months; results show that concomitant genomic alterations do not correlate with trastuzumab response. However, CNVs of CCNE1 significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with a shorter survival time. Our findings indicate that additional alterations implemented for prediction of clinical benefit from HER2-targeting agents in GC remained unclear. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the role of each specific biomarker and to optimize therapeutic approaches.
Selectively-informed particle swarm optimization
Authors: Gao Yang , Du Wenbo , Yan Gang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is a nature-inspired algorithm that has shown outstanding performance in solving many realistic problems. In the original PSO and most of its variants all particles are treated equally, overlooking the impact of structural heterogeneity on individual behavior. Here we employ complex networks to represent the population structure of swarms and propose a selectively-informed PSO (SIPSO), in which the particles choose different learning strategies based on their connections: a densely-connected hub particle gets full information from all of its neighbors while a non-hub particle with few connections can only follow a single yet best-performed neighbor. Extensive numerical experiments on widely-used benchmark functions show that our SIPSO algorithm remarkably outperforms the PSO and its existing variants in success rate, solution quality and convergence speed. We also explore the evolution process from a microscopic point of view, leading to the discovery of different roles that the particles play in optimization. The hub particles guide the optimization process towards correct directions while the non-hub particles maintain the necessary population diversity, resulting in the optimum overall performance of SIPSO. These findings deepen our understanding of swarm intelligence and may shed light on the underlying mechanism of information exchange in natural swarm and flocking behaviors.
Mechanochemical regulations of RPA's binding to ssDNA
Authors: Chen Jin , Le Shimin , Basu Anindita , Chazin Walter J. , Yan Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReplication protein A (RPA) is a ubiquitous eukaryotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that serves to protect ssDNA from degradation and annealing and as a template for recruitment of many downstream factors in virtually all DNA transactions in cell. During many of these transactions, DNA is tethered and is likely subject to force. Previous studies of RPA's binding behavior on ssDNA were conducted in the absence of force; therefore the RPA-ssDNA conformations regulated by force remain unclear. Here, using a combination of atomic force microscopy imaging and mechanical manipulation of single ssDNA tethers, we show that force mediates a switch of the RPA bound ssDNA from amorphous aggregation to a much more regular extended conformation. Further, we found an interesting non-monotonic dependence of the binding affinity on monovalent salt concentration in the presence of force. In addition, we discovered that zinc in micromolar concentrations drives ssDNA to a unique, highly stiff and more compact state. These results provide new mechanochemical insights into the influences and the mechanisms of action of RPA on large single ssDNA.
Facile synthesis of iron oxides/reduced graphene oxide composites: application for electromagnetic wave absorption at high temperature
Authors: Zhang Lili , Yu Xinxin , Hu Hongrui , Li Yang , Wu Mingzai , Wang Zhongzhu , Li Guang , Sun Zhaoqi , Chen Changle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIron oxides/reduced graphene oxide composites were synthesized by facile thermochemical reactions of graphite oxide and FeSO4·7H2O. By adjusting reaction temperature, α-Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide and Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide composites can be obtained conveniently. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide sheets were demonstrated to regulate the phase transition from α-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 via γ-Fe2O3, which was reported for the first time. The hydroxyl groups attached on the graphene oxide sheets and H2 gas generated during the annealing of graphene oxide are believed to play an important role during these phase transformations. These samples showed good electromagnetic wave absorption performance due to their electromagnetic complementary effect. These samples possess much better electromagnetic wave absorption properties than the mixture of separately prepared Fe3O4 with rGO, suggesting the crucial role of synthetic method in determining the product properties. Also, these samples perform much better than commercial absorbers. Most importantly, the great stability of these composites is highly advantageous for applications as electromagnetic wave absorption materials at high temperatures.
p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Mitkin Nikita A. , Hook Christina D. , Schwartz Anton M. , Biswas Subir , Kochetkov Dmitry V. , Muratova Alisa M. , Afanasyeva Marina A. , Kravchenko Julia E. , Bhattacharyya Arindam , Kuprash Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElevated expression of chemokine receptors in tumors has been reported in many instances and is related to a number of survival advantages for tumor cells including abnormal activation of prosurvival intracellular pathways. In this work we demonstrated an inverse correlation between expression levels of p53 tumor suppressor and CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Lentiviral transduction of MCF-7 cells with p53 shRNA led to elevated CXCR5 at both mRNA and protein levels. Functional activity of CXCR5 in p53-knockdown MCF-7 cells was also increased as shown by activation of target gene expression and chemotaxis in response to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13. Using deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the cxcr5 gene promoter and enhancer elements, we demonstrated that p53 appears to act upon cxcr5 promoter indirectly, by repressing the activity of NFκB transcription factors. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene analysis, we further demonstrated that p65/RelA was able to bind the cxcr5 promoter in p53-dependent manner and to directly transactivate it when overexpressed. Through the described mechanism, elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional p53.
Isolation of a spontaneous cerulenin-resistant sake yeast with both high ethyl caproate-producing ability and normal checkpoint integrity
Authors: Tamura Hiroyasu , Okada Hiroki , Kume Kazunori , Koyano Takayuki , Goshima Tetsuya , Nakamura Ryo , Akao Takeshi , Shimoi Hitoshi , Mizunuma Masaki , Ohya Yoshikazu , Hirata Dai 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In the brewing of high-quality sake such as Daiginjo-shu, the cerulenin-resistant sake yeast strains with high producing ability to the flavor component ethyl caproate have been used widely. Genetic stability of sake yeast would be important for the maintenance of both fermentation properties of yeast and quality of sake. In eukaryotes, checkpoint mechanisms ensure genetic stability. However, the integrity of these mechanisms in sake yeast has not been examined yet. Here, we investigated the checkpoint integrity of sake yeasts, and the results suggested that a currently used cerulenin-resistant sake yeast had a defect in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We also isolated a spontaneous cerulenin-resistant sake yeast FAS2-G1250S mutant, G9CR, which showed both high ethyl caproate-producing ability and integrity/intactness of the checkpoint mechanisms. Further, morphological phenotypic robustness analysis by use of CalMorph supported the genetic stability of G9CR. Finally, we confirmed the high quality of sake from G9CR in an industrial sake brewing setting.
Shock Structures in Charge Variable Dusty Plasmas with Effect of Strongly Coupled Dust Particles
Authors: Mehran Shahmansouri , Bizhan Farokhi , Hossein Ashouri 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A theoretical investigation has been carried out to study the effect of strong electrostatic interaction on the dust acoustic shock structures in strongly coupled dusty plasma with dust charge fluctuations. The fluid approach is employed, in which the strong electrostatic interaction is modeled by effective electrostatic temperature. A Burger-like equation, the coefficients of which are significantly modified by effects of strong coupling and dust charge fluctuation, is derived. It is shown that the combined effects of dust charge fluctuation, the ion/electron temperature, the ion/electron population, and strong coupling effect modify the basic properties of the dust acoustic waves in such a strongly coupled dusty plasma. The results of this work are compared with those observed by some laboratory experiments.
Mechanism behind Unique Properties of Local Heating in Nanoscale Junctions*
Authors: Zhou Li-Ling , Li Yong-Jun , Yu Li-Sheng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We investigate the unique properties of current-induced heat generation in nanojunctions, such as failed Q ∝ I relation (where Q is the heat generation and I the current), threshold voltage required to generate heat, etc. By employing the lead-quantum dot (QD)-lead system, we find these unique properties stem from (i) the discontinuity of Fermi distribution at chemical potentials of the leads and (ii) the satellite peaks in spectral function of the QD electron, which are induced by the electron-phonon interaction.
Spin-Filtering Transport in Double Parallel Quantum Wires on a Graphene Sheet*
Authors: Yang Fu-Bin , Cheng Yan , Liu Fu-Ti , Chen Xiang-Rong , Cai Ling-Cang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the spin filtering transport of double parallel quantum wires (QWs) side-coupled to a graphene sheet and sandwiched between two ferromagnetic (FM) leads. The dependences of the wire-graphene coupling strength, wire-wire coupling strength, as well as the spin polarization of the ferromagnetic leads are studied. It is found that the wire-graphene coupling strength tends to reduce the current and the wire-wire coupling strength can first reinforce and then decrease the current. The spin polarization strength has an enhanced (identical) effect on the current under the parallel (anti-parallel) alignment of the FM leads, which gives rise to an obvious spin-filter and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. Our results suggest that such a theoretical model can stimulate some experimental investigations about the spin-filter devices.
Cooperation
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter introduces notions of cooperation and altruism. It first introduces Gricean notions of cooperativity and then asks whether it is rational to cooperate. Answers provided in evolutionary theory, especially in game-theoretic contexts, are explored, and it is shown that repeated interactions can lead to cooperation being a rational strategy. This view is then applied to the case of communication. The secondary aim of the chapter is to introduce game theory and the view of rationality used there.
Hedging beyond truth
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter considers hedges that are not truth‐directed. The first case discussed is that of relevance or biscuit conditionals, which are analyzed as hedges over relevance (or other non‐Quality directed Gricean implicatures). This analysis is compared with existing views in the literature. The chapter then turns to hedges of expressive content, which are related to the notion of alief; finally, hedging of epistemic modals is discussed.
Updating with reliability
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter provides a novel analysis of evidentials with an eye toward their pragmatic behavior. It begins with some criteria that a pragmatically adequate analysis must satisfy, and then turns to an overview of the formal system that forms the core of the analysis, a dynamic model involving sets of information states, each equipped with a plausibility relation, which are merged into a global state by a process of belief aggregation. Some principles are proposed for the mapping between evidential content and these information states. Finally, some case studies are presented.
Conclusion
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter is a brief summary of the main arguments and overall themes of the book. As it says, the main theme is how judgements about reliability manifest in the semantics and pragmatics of natural language, focusing on the experiential basis for judging cooperativity and the likelihood that a given information source will give accurate information. The chapter closes with a brief mention of one way in which the proposal does not fully capture the notion of cooperativity.
Definiteness and related concepts
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 5 gives an introduction to definiteness, indefiniteness, and related concepts, and aims to dispel confusion that is often caused by contradictory uses of some relevant terms—not least the term ‘indefinite’. Along the way, the chapter makes a new proposal about the value of the so-called ‘indefinite construction’ in sentences that make generalizations pertaining to the past or the present. A new proposal is also put forward for the contribution that the ‘indefinite relative pronoun’ (hostis) makes to the meaning of a sentence. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of the first relative clause in Sappho 31 (ottis enantios toi isdanei…), as a case study to show why certain distinctions are worth making.
Varieties of Greek relative clause
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 6 introduces the actual relative clause constructions of Greek. The main constructions are: (i) postnominal relative clauses: a noun (traditionally the ‘antecedent’) is in some way modified by a following relative clause (the man whom you see; Socrates, whom you see); (ii) free relative clauses: in traditional terms, a relative clause that either has no expressed antecedent (what she saw) or has an antecedent ‘incorporated’ into the relative clause itself (what things she saw); (iii) semi-free relative clauses: a demonstrative pronoun is the traditional ‘antecedent’ to a following relative clause, and its only obvious function is to point forward to the relative clause (That which has happened may happen again); (iv) relative clauses in relative-correlative sentences: a sentence-initial relative clause is picked up by a demonstrative pronoun in a following main clause (What we don’t know, that we can’t teach). Structures (ii)–(iv) are inherently maximalizing relative clauses.
Forays into early Greek relative clauses in non-epic genres
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 8 surveys the relative clauses of early non-hexameter texts. After summarizing an earlier study by the author on Mycenaean headings it turns to early alphabetic inscriptions; Anaximander; Heraclitus; iambic poetry; monodic and choral lyric; and elegy. Different relative clause constructions predominate in different kinds of text, yet the basic system remains remarkably similar. In this system inherently maximalizing relative clauses and postnominal relative clauses are used to say different kinds of things, with little overlap. Different inherently maximalizing constructions are also not simply interchangeable. The usual inherently maximalizing construction is the free relative clause, but semi-free relative clauses and relative-correlative sentences appear when the syntactic role of a free relative clause would be difficult to work out. The choice between relative-correlative sentences and semi-free relative clauses is determined almost entirely by text type: practical texts and lower literary genres favour relative-correlative sentences while higher genres favour semi-free relative clauses.
Postnominal and inherently maximalizing relative clauses in Homer
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 9 is the first of four chapters considering Homer. It is devoted to the circumstances under which Homer chooses an inherently maximalizing relative clause and those under which he chooses a postnominal relative clause. Like the authors of the texts considered in chapter 8, Homer turns out to use postnominal relative clauses and inherently maximalizing relative clauses to say different kinds of things, with very little overlap. Taking advantage of the larger quantity of Homeric material available for study, the chapter offers a detailed and systematic demonstration of this point by considering all the inherently maximalizing relative clauses and all the postnominal relative clauses in Iliad 1–4. Exceptions to the general rule also help to explain it. Where either kind of construction is possible, Homer usually prefers an inherently maximalizing construction because maximalizing meaning (or definiteness) is inherent to the construction, and therefore unambiguous.
How does Homer choose between inherently maximalizing constructions?
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 10 considers how Homer chooses between different inherently maximalizing constructions. The usual inherently maximalizing construction is again the free relative clause, but the use of semi-free relative clauses and relative-correlative sentences is encouraged if the syntactic role of a free relative clause would be difficult to work out. In Homer both semi-free relative clauses and relative-correlative sentences are used, but relative-correlative sentences often appear in contrastive contexts. The chapter considers why relative-correlative sentences are associated (outside epic) with certain types of text, are extremely plentiful in the Homeric catalogues, and are often found in contrastive contexts. It suggests that all of these points can be explained by the contribution which a Greek relative-correlative sentence makes to the discourse. A relative-correlative sentence gives rise to a clearly articulated topic-comment structure; this type of structure is stylistically appropriate in certain kinds of text, and is useful for marking contrastive topics.
How does Homer choose between ὁ, ἡ, τό and ὅς, ἥ, ὅ?
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn Homer, as in some other varieties of Greek, the basic relative pronoun hos, hē, ho competes with ho, hē, to, the latter obviously developed, in some way, from the anaphoric pronoun *so-. Chapter 11 examines the choice between hos, hē, ho and ho, hē, to in Homeric relative clauses. As is well known, ho, hē, to mostly occurs in non-restrictive relative clauses, but hos, hē, ho is found in non-restrictive relative clauses too. The chapter shows, however, that ho, hē, to has a much stronger affinity than hos, hē, ho for postnominal relative clauses giving new information about something specific, while hos, hē, ho has a much stronger affinity than ho, hē, to for (i) relative clauses with epic te, expressing permanent characteristics or typical behaviour of the referents of the antecedents, and (ii) relative clauses expressing a known fact applying uniquely to something specific.
Homeric relative clauses in direct speech and narrative
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 12 shows that, within the Iliad, the frequencies of different relative clause constructions differ between direct speech and narrative. Relative clauses, and especially inherently maximalizing relative clauses, occur much more often in direct speech. Two possible reasons might suggest themselves. One is that the narrator and the speakers have different kinds of things to say, and that these lend themselves to the use of different constructions with different frequencies. The other is that the speeches contain a higher proportion of younger linguistic features: perhaps relative clauses, and inherently maximalizing relative clauses in particular, belong to a comparatively young stratum. This chapter argues for the former solution. From evidence internal to the Iliad, it therefore reaches the same conclusion as chapter 8: the relative prominence of different constructions varies with genre, and this variation is due to the different kinds of things that different sort of texts say.