bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and transport of antibiotic kasugamycin from leaves to roots in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
Authors: Xu Huayang , Zhang Hongzhen , Wei Guoyu , Jiang Yuling , Charles Meto Yao , Hu Anlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKasugamycin (KSM), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been widely used as a natural fungicide to control plant diseases, particularly for managing rice blast. However, its uptake mechanism and transport in rice remain to be explored. In this article, rice seedlings were treated by the foliar spraying method, and the content of KSM in rice leaves, stems and roots under different treatments was detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS), respectively. Results showed that leaf‐applied KSM could be transported to the phloem and migrate to roots and stems after uptake by leaves. Concentration, temperature and pH had significant effects on the uptake of KSM. Compared with the control, the competitive inhibitors d‐glucose and phlorizin both inhibited the uptake of KSM, demonstrating that sugar transporter proteins were involved in the uptake process. The energy inhibitors dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) also significantly inhibited the uptake of KSM, indicating that the uptake of KSM required energy consumption. Thus, the uptake of KSM by rice was an active process involving sugar transporter proteins, and it could migrate downward through the phloem. This study contributes to the promotion of the scientific application of antibiotics and the biological control of crop diseases. It will also provide a theoretical basis for the development of root‐targeted pesticides and transport pesticides with phloem mobility.
Effect of a peer‐led emergency department behavioral intervention on non‐fatal opioid overdose: 18‐month outcome in the Navigator randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chambers Laura C. , Li Yu , Hallowell Benjamin D. , Langdon Kirsten J. , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Mahoney Linda A. , Beaudoin Francesca L. , Marshall Brandon D. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsEmergency departments (EDs) provide an opportunity to identify people at risk of overdose and reduce the risk. We evaluated the effect of an ED behavioral intervention delivered by peer recovery support specialists (PRSSs) on non‐fatal opioid overdose.DesignTwo‐arm, randomized trial.SettingTwo EDs in Rhode Island, USA.ParticipantsED patients presenting with an opioid overdose, complications of opioid use disorder or a recent history of opioid overdose (November 2018–May 2021). Among 648 participants, the mean age was 36.9 years, 68.2% were male and 68.5% were White.Intervention and comparatorParticipants were randomized to receive a behavioral intervention from a PRSS (n = 323) or a licensed clinical social worker (LICSW) (n = 325). PRSS and LICSW used evidence‐based interviewing and intervention techniques, informed by their lived experience (PRSS) or clinical theory and practice (LICSW).MeasurementsWe identified non‐fatal opioid overdoses in the 18 months following the ED visit through linkage to statewide emergency medical services data using a validated case definition. The primary outcome was any non‐fatal opioid overdose during the 18‐month follow‐up period.FindingsAmong 323 participants randomized to the PRSS arm, 81 (25.1%) had a non‐fatal opioid overdose during follow‐up, compared with 95 (29.2%) of 325 participants randomized to the LICSW arm (P = 0.24). There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of randomization to the PRSS arm versus the LICSW arm on the risk of non‐fatal opioid overdose, adjusting for the history of previous overdose (relative risk = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–1.11).ConclusionsIn Rhode Island, USA, over one‐in‐four emergency department patients at high risk of overdose experience a non‐fatal opioid overdose in the 18 months post‐discharge. We found no evidence that the risk of non‐fatal opioid overdose differs for emergency department patients receiving a behavioral intervention from a peer recovery support specialist versus a licensed clinical social worker.
Association between cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, and risk of breast and gynecological cancers: Evidence from meta‐analysis and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Peng Jing , Li Lianghua , Ning Huai , Li Xiaocheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have shown that cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy are associated with the risk of breast cancer (BC) and gynecological cancers, but whether these relationships are causal has not been established and remains controversial.MethodsOur study began with a meta‐analysis that synthesized data from prior observational studies to examine the association between cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, and the risk of BC and gynecological cancers. Subsequently, a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted utilizing genetic variant data to investigate the potential causal relationship between cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, and the aforementioned cancers.ResultsThe results of the meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant association between cholecystectomy and the risk of BC (risk ratio [RR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.06, p = 0.002) and endometrial cancer (EC) (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.56, p = 0.031). Conversely, no significant association was observed between cholelithiasis and the risk of BC, EC, and ovarian cancer. The MR analysis revealed no discernible causal connection between cholelithiasis and overall BC (p = 0.053), as well as BC subtypes (including estrogen receptor‐positive/negative). Similarly, there was no causal effect of cholecystectomy on BC risk (p = 0.399) and its subtypes. Furthermore, no causal associations were identified between cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, and the risk of gynecological cancers (ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer [CC]) (all p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study does not support a causal link between cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy and an increased risk of female cancers such as breast, endometrial, ovarian, and CC.
Clinical characteristics and HLA associations of azithromycin‐induced liver injury
Authors: Conlon Caroline , Li Yi‐Ju , Ahmad Jawad , Barnhart Huiman , Fontana Robert J. , Ghabril Marwan , Hayashi Paul H. , Kleiner David E. , Lee William M. , Navarro Victor , Odin Joseph A. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Stolz Andrew , Vuppalanchi Raj , Halegoua‐DeMarzio Dina ,   for the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN)
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundAzithromycin (AZ) is a widely used antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical features, outcomes, and HLA association in patients with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to AZ.MethodsThe clinical characteristics of individuals with definite, highly likely, or probable AZ‐DILI enrolled in the US Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) were reviewed. HLA typing was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform. The allele frequency (AF) of AZ‐DILI cases was compared to population controls, other DILI cases, and other antibiotic‐associated DILI cases.ResultsThirty cases (4 definite, 14 highly likely, 12 probable) of AZ‐DILI were enrolled between 2004 and 2022 with a median age of 46 years, 83% white, and 60% female. Median duration of AZ treatment was 5 days. Latency was 18.5 days. 73% were jaundiced at presentation. The injury pattern was hepatocellular in 60%, cholestatic in 27%, and mixed in 3%. Ten cases (33%) were severe or fatal; 90% of these were hepatocellular. Two patients required liver transplantation. One patient with chronic liver disease died of hepatic failure. Chronic liver injury developed in 17%, of which 80% had hepatocellular injury at onset. HLA‐DQA1*03:01 was significantly more common in AZ‐DILI versus population controls and amoxicillin‐clavulanate DILI cases (AF: 0.29 vs. 0.11, p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionAzithromycin therapy can lead to rapid onset of severe hepatic morbidity and mortality in adult and paediatric populations. Hepatocellular injury and younger age were associated with worse outcomes. HLA‐DQA1*03:01 was significantly more common in AZ cases compared to controls.
High peritoneal incision approach in endoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch plasty (TAPP) for inguinal hernia after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsu , Hyakudomi Ryoji , Takai Kiyoe , Uchida Yuki , Ishitobi Kazunari , Hirahara Noriyuki , Tajima Yoshitsugu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInguinal hernia develops as one of the common complications after robotic or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP). Transabdominal preperitoneal patch plasty (TAPP) for an inguinal hernia after RP is difficult to perform due to postoperative severe adhesions in the preperitoneal cavity. We have introduced a high peritoneal incision approach (HPIA) in TAPP for inguinal hernia patients in whom peritoneal dissection is difficult due to severe adhesions after RP. We evaluate the safety and efficacy of TAPP with a HPIA for patients with an inguinal hernia after robot‐assisted RP (RARP).MethodsPatients characteristics and surgical outcome were evaluated by a retrospective analysis.ResultsFrom January 2014 to December 2017, 21 consecutive patients underwent TAPP for an inguinal hernia after RARP. Twenty‐four lesions were the type 3b and three were type 3a according to the Nyhus classification. A circular incision TAPP was performed for 10 hernia lesions in eight patients and TAPP with HPIA was utilized for 17 lesions in 13 patients. The mean operation time for the unilateral hernia in the HPIA (137.8 ± 20.7 min) was significantly shorter than that (182.2 ± 42.0 min) in the circular incision TAPP (p = .038). The HPIA was complete in all patients, while the circular incision TAPP was converted to intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM)intraperitoneal onlay mesh in five patients (55.6%, p = .008) due to dense adhesions with difficult dissection. No recurrent was observed after follow‐up period of 48 months in both groups.ConclusionsThe TAPP with HPIA is feasible and a safe and reliable treatment of choice in patients with an inguinal hernia after RARP.
Advancing equity and inclusion in educational practices with AI‐powered educational decision support systems (AI‐EDSS)
Authors: Viberg Olga , Kizilcec René F. , Wise Alyssa Friend , Jivet Ioana , Nixon Nia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA key goal of educational institutions around the world is to provide inclusive, equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all learners. Achieving this requires contextualized approaches to accommodate diverse global values and promote learning opportunities that best meet the needs and goals of all learners as individuals and members of different communities. Advances in learning analytics (LA), natural language processes (NLP), and artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI technologies, offer potential to aid educational decision making by supporting analytic insights and personalized recommendations. However, these technologies also raise serious risks for reinforcing or exacerbating existing inequalities; these dangers arise from multiple factors including biases represented in training datasets, the technologies' abilities to take autonomous decisions, and processes for tool development that do not centre the needs and concerns of historically marginalized groups. To ensure that Educational Decision Support Systems (EDSS), particularly AI‐powered ones, are equipped to promote equity, they must be created and evaluated holistically, considering their potential for both targeted and systemic impacts on all learners, especially members of historically marginalized groups. Adopting a socio‐technical and cultural perspective is crucial for designing, deploying, and evaluating AI‐EDSS that truly advance educational equity and inclusion. This editorial introduces the contributions of five papers for the special section on advancing equity and inclusion in educational practices with AI‐EDSS. These papers focus on (i) a review of biases in large language models (LLMs) applications offers practical guidelines for their evaluation to promote educational equity, (ii) techniques to mitigate disparities across countries and languages in LLMs representation of educationally relevant knowledge, (iii) implementing equitable and intersectionality‐aware machine learning applications in education, (iv) introducing a LA dashboard that aims to promote institutional equality, diversity, and inclusion, and (v) vulnerable student digital well‐being in AI‐EDSS. Together, these contributions underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in developing and utilizing AI‐EDSS to not only foster a more inclusive and equitable educational landscape worldwide but also reveal a critical need for a broader contextualization of equity that incorporates the socio‐technical questions of what kinds of decisions AI is being used to support, for what purposes, and whose goals are prioritized in this process.
Continued cancer drug approvals in Japan and Europe after market withdrawal in the United States: A comparative study of accelerated approvals
Authors: Hakariya Hayase , Moriarty Frank , Ozaki Akihiko , Mulinari Shai , Saito Hiroaki , Tanimoto Tetsuya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRegulatory authorities must balance ensuring evidence of efficacy and safety of new drugs. Various regulatory pathways, such as the accelerated approval program in the United States (US), allow authorities to quickly approve drugs for severely ill patients by granting market authorization based on surrogate end points and pending confirmatory trials. In this cross‐sectional study, we considered 23 indications of cancer drugs that received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but were subsequently withdrawn as of April 2023. Our investigation extended to assessing the regulatory status of these accelerated approvals in the European Union (EU) and Japan, examining relevant regulatory documents and identifying factors contributing to the withdrawal in the United States. Comparing regions, we found that for 52% (12/23) and 30% (7/23) of withdrawn accelerated approvals in the United States, sponsors had also sought marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), respectively. As of the April 30, 2023 study cutoff date, 83% (10/12) of drug–indication pairs remained approved by the EMA, while the PMDA retained 100% (7/7). For these indications, the time from FDA withdrawal until the study cutoff date ranged from 0.23 years to 11.45 years for EMA approvals (median: 1.28 years) and 1.10 years to 11.45 years for PMDA approvals (median: 3.22 years). These findings highlight substantial regulatory discrepancies concerning cancer drugs with unconfirmed benefits. Addressing these discrepancies may involve requiring pharmaceutical companies to confirm clinical benefits using more robust end points and fostering international harmonization in regulators' assessment.
Structure and diversity patterns of coralligenous cliffs across three ecoregions in the Central‐Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Casoli Edoardo , Moro Stefano , Falasca Matteo , Montefalcone Monica , Rizzo Lucia , Teixidó Núria , Piazzi Luigi , Longo Caterina , Mercurio Maria , Gennaro Paola , Cecchi Enrico , Penna Marina , Gambi Maria Cristina , Mirasole Alice , Ballesteros Enric , Andrello Marco , Ventura Daniele , Mancini Gianluca , Belluscio Andrea , Fraschetti Simonetta , Ardizzone Giandomenico , Jona‐Lasinio Giovanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimCoralligenous reefs are the main marine bioconstructions in terms of spatial distribution within the Mediterranean basin. Two distinct reef morphologies can be distinguished based on the surface and topographical features of the seafloor: cliffs developing vertical slopes and banks found on gently steep or horizontal bottoms. Despite their importance for monitoring and conservation efforts, observations regarding the variability of biogeographical patterns are scarce. Here, we aimed to assess the differences in the composition and structure of these cliffs across ecoregions and estimate the relative role of abiotic environmental features, geographic location, and connectivity in shaping diversity patterns.LocationThe study was carried out in the Central‐Western Mediterranean Sea. Samples were collected at 65 sites across the Algero‐Provençal Basin, the Ionian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea.MethodsWe assessed the composition and structure of coralligenous cliffs through photographic samplings collected by scuba divers. Patterns in α‐ and β‐diversity were associated with 9 abiotic environmental variables, latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, and connectivity measures using Generalized Additive (GAM) and Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) models.ResultsCoralligenous cliffs were primarily composed of algae and displayed a high degree of variability. The Partition Around Medoids (PAM) clustering method successfully delineated seven distinct clusters with a non‐uniform distribution within the studied ecoregions. The α‐diversity increased in eastern and northern sites and with phosphate concentration, while decreased with temperature, chlorophyll and nitrates concentration. β‐diversity at the site level increased with temperature, while it was negatively affected by northward current speed and chlorophyll concentration. Moveover, β‐diversity increased within connected sites.Main ConclusionsCoralligenous cliff diversity responds both to the physico‐chemical features of the habitat and between‐habitats connectivity. However, our findings suggest that small‐scale abiotic and biotic processes could contribute to explaining the variability observed. These findings can significantly enhance the monitoring and conservation efforts of this Mediterranean endemic ecosystem.
Contrasting patterns of spatial genetic structure in endangered southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale) populations facing habitat fragmentation and urbanisation
Authors: Lévêque Agathe , Duputié Anne , Vignon Vincent , Duez Fabien , Godé Cécile , Vanappelghem Cédric , Arnaud Jean‐François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimHuman‐induced environmental changes result in habitat loss and fragmentation, impacting wildlife population genetic structure and evolution. Urbanised and geographically peripheral areas often represent unfavourable environments, reducing connectivity among populations and causing higher population genetic differentiation and lower intra‐population genetic diversity. We examined how geographic peripherality and anthropogenic pressures affect genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in the protected southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale, Odonata), which has low dispersal capabilities and specific habitat requirements and whose populations are declining.LocationWe studied two areas: one in semi‐natural habitats at the periphery of the species geographic range (northern France) and the other more central to the species' range, in an urbanised area surrounding the city of Strasbourg (Alsace, eastern France).MethodsWe genotyped 2743 individuals from 128 populations using 11 microsatellite loci. We analysed the spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity (allelic richness, heterozygosity, levels of inbreeding and genetic relatedness), the extent of genetic differentiation and population affiliations (sPCAs) within the two areas. We also examined fine‐scale patterns of gene flow in the urbanised area of Alsace by investigating patterns of isolation by distance and estimating effective migration surfaces (EEMS) method.ResultsNorthern peripheral populations showed lower levels of genetic diversity and higher levels of genetic differentiation than central Alsacian populations. Although located in anthropised habitats, geographically central Alsacian populations showed high levels of gene flow, with dispersal events mainly occurring overland and not restricted to watercourses. However, the highly urbanised city of Strasbourg negatively impacted nearby populations by reducing levels of genetic diversity and increasing population genetic differentiation.Main ConclusionsThese results showed the need for management action by restoring breeding sites and creating migratory corridors for peripheral southern damselfly populations. However, our results also highlighted the resilience of southern damselfly in central range populations facing strong urbanisation pressures.
Evaluation of the associations of interlukin‐7 genetic variants with toxicity and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A replication study of a Japanese population, based on the findings of a European genome‐wide association study
Authors: Miyamoto Hideaki , Kondo Yasuteru , Itobayashi Ei , Uehara Masayoshi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Kagawa Tatehiro , Miuma Satoshi , Suzuki Takanori , Sugi Kazuhiro , Suyama Koichi , Beppu Toru , Toyoda Hidenori , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Uojima Haruki , Miyase Shiho , Inoue Kaori , Tamori Akihiro , Ito Takanori , Shimose Shigeo , Suda Goki , Hayashi Tsuguru , Onishi Masaya , Narahara Satoshi , Watanabe Takehisa , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Fukushima Satoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimRecent genome‐wide association studies of European populations have identified rs16906115, a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin‐7 gene, as a predictor of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated this single‐nucleotide polymorphism in a Japanese population.MethodsFrom January 2021, we stored host DNA from individuals who received various types of immune checkpoint inhibitors. From this population, we categorized 510 participants into cases (grade ≥2 irAEs) and controls (received ≥3 immune checkpoint inhibitor doses, follow‐up ≥12 weeks, no irAEs), and divided 339 hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab into responders and non‐responders, evaluated using the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. We compared the minor allele frequencies of rs16906115 between cases and controls, and responders and non‐responders.ResultsIn the irAE prediction analysis of 234 cases and 276 controls, the minor allele frequency was 0.244 in the case group and 0.265 in the control group. This difference is not significant. In the analysis predicting the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the responders had a significantly lower minor allele frequency of 0.220, compared with 0.300 for the non‐responders (p = 0.022). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the minor allele homozygosity as a significant predictor of treatment response, with odds ratios of 0.292 (p = 0.015) in the univariate analysis and 0.315 (p = 0.023) in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn our Japanese cohort, no association was found between the rs16906115 minor allele and irAEs or treatment efficacy. The minor allele homozygosity may be associated with a negative therapeutic outcome.Clinical trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry with the number UMIN000043798.