bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility and microscopic evaluation of polyurethane–poly(methyl methacrylate)–titnanium dioxide based composites for dental applications
Authors: Zuber Mohammad , Tabasum Shazia , Jamil Tahir , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Rizwan , Feras Khalid Sajjad , Bhatti Khalid Pervez 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe prepared and then blended polyurethanes (PUs) with poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) and TiO2 by varying the percentage compositions to form pellets. The chemistry of all of the blended samples was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of TiO2 into the PU–PMMA matrix was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis and compression testing was performed, and the results are discussed. The cytotoxicity level of the prepared blends displayed dependence on the composition ratio of the PU–PMMA blends. The results reveal that the optimum PU contents in the PU–PMMA–TiO2 blend were responsible for its better biocompatibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39806.
Morphological evolution of polytetrafluoroethylene in extreme temperature conditions for aerospace applications
Authors: Huang Xiao Lin , Martinez‐Vega Juan , Malec David 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe organic electrical insulator polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used in aerospace industry under extreme conditions of temperature and electric field. The melting temperature of PTFE is about 327°C and nowadays operating temperature of this kind of insulators can reach about 300°C and up to 350°C for new generations of machines. All thermal, electrical and mechanical operating stresses, especially high temperature and voltage can be factors of ageing acceleration and/or degradation of the insulators that could cause premature failures. Our present work is focused on the organic insulator behavior at high temperature in order to understand the mechanisms of thermal ageing and degradation. The change of morphology of PTFE during the thermal ageing has been studied. Thin films in PTFE were aged by accelerated method under oxidizing environment (air) and severe thermal constraints between 340 and 450°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39841.
SANS studies on catalyst ink of fuel cell
Authors: Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Matsunaga Takuro , Kusano Takumi , Amemiya Kazuki , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Yoshida Toshihiko 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe structure of solid polymer electrode and catalyst ink of fuel cell has been investigated by focusing‐ (FSANS) and contrast‐variation small‐angle neutron scattering (CV‐SANS). The solid polymer electrode, consisting of carbon (C), platinum, and ionomer (polymer, P), exhibited a power‐law function with two asymptotes, i.e., from I(q) ∼ q−1 to I(q) ∼ q−4 with a crossover around q ≈ 0.005 Å−1. The scattering functions of the catalyst ink, i.e., the polymer electrodes dispersed in water, were successfully decomposed to the corresponding partial structure factors, SCC(q), SPP(q), SCP(q), exclusively representing C‐C, P‐P, and C‐P correlations. SCC(q) was a monotonic decreasing function of q, dominating in the scattering from carbon clusters. On the other hand, SPP(q) exhibited a scattering maximum characteristic of polyelectrolyte solutions. This suggests that ionic clusters in polyelectrolyte solutions are formed in catalyst ink. The cross term, SCP(q), indicated that the carbon scattering is dominant and significant amount of ionomer is adsorbed on the carbon agglomerates. It is concluded that the catalyst ink consists of carbon agglomerates surrounded by ionomers and the presence of ionic‐cluster path plays a key role in the performance of the solid polymer electrodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39842.
Sorption, solubility, and mass changes of hydroxyapatite‐containing composites in artificial saliva, food simulating solutions, tea, and coffee
Authors: Okulus Zuzanna , Héberger Karoly , Voelkel Adam 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of preparation/storage conditions on the sorption, solubility, and mass changes of new proposed hydroxyapatite‐containing resin‐based composites. Seventy cylindrical samples of composite were prepared according to the ISO 4049 and stored in different storage solutions (distilled water, artificial saliva, 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, heptane, tea, and coffee) for 7, 14, and 28 days at 37°C. Principal component analysis and analysis of the variance were used to determine the impact of the preparation and storage conditions (e.g., curing time, storage time, and type of storage solution) on the changes of stability of examined material. Sorption, solubility, and mass changes of examined samples were specified. The tendency of these changes depending on the curing time, storage time, and type of storage solutions were presented. Due to the observed behavior, three groups of storage solutions were distinguished: “aqueous,” acidic, and hydrophobic (“fat”) solutions. Investigated properties changed in different way, characteristic for each of the above groups. No general tendency of the influence of storage and curing time was observed. The type of storage solution has the greatest impact on the sorption, solubility, and mass changes of examined material. The influence of the curing and storage time may be neglected. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39856.
Investigation of cure kinetics in epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Susin Samuel Brando , Pistor Vinicius , Amico Sandro Campos , Coelho Luiz Antonio Ferreira , Pezzin Sergio Henrique , Zattera Ademir José 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWith the increased interest in thermoset resin nanocomposites, it is important to understand the effects of the material on nanoscale characteristics. In this study, a curing reaction of an epoxy resin, which contained 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 wt % of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), at different heating rates was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry; cure kinetics were also evaluated to establish a relationship between crosslinking (network formation) and mechanical properties. MWCNT concentrations above 0.25 wt % favored crosslinking formation and decreased the activation energy (Ea) in the curing reaction. Examination of the kinetic mechanism suggests that the MWCNT locally restricted the spatial volume and favored the formation of nodular morphology in the resin, especially for high MWCNT concentrations. The MWCNT exhibited some entanglement in the matrix, which hindered a more pronounced effect on the mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39857.
Performance improvement of piezoelectric‐rubber by particle formation of linear aggregates
Authors: Mamada Shogo , Yaguchi Naoyuki , Hansaka Masanori , Yamato Masafumi , Yoshida Hirohisa 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigate the piezoelectric response of piezoelectric‐rubber consisting of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles and silicon rubber prepared by holding it at 100°C for 60 min. Two types of piezoelectric‐rubber were used; one was mixed with PZT particles forming linear aggregates, and the other was mixed with PZT particles forming a random dispersion. The piezoelectric‐rubber whose PZT particles were aligned normal to the rubber surface had much higher piezoelectric effect than the type of piezoelectric‐rubber whose PZT particles were randomly dispersed. The reason for this is that force applied on the former is directly transmitted to PZT particles and the electric charges generated from PZT particles had higher mobility because of the aligned PZT particles, which were connected with each other. As a result, the formation of linear aggregates of PZT particles in rubber was effective in enhancing piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric‐rubber. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39862.
Emotions in Advice Taking: The Roles of Agency and Valence
Authors: de Hooge Ilona E. , Verlegh Peeter W. J. , Tzioti Stefanie C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, advice taking has received attention in decision‐making research, and some studies suggest that emotions may play a role in this process. Yet a clear account of how emotions influence advice taking is lacking. The current research introduces a parsimonious explanation by suggesting that such effects can be predicted on the basis of two emotion dimensions: valence (positivity or negativity) and agency (self‐focused versus other‐focused). In five experiments with different emotion inductions and different measures for advice taking, the effects of positive emotions such as gratitude and pride and of negative emotions such as anger and shame on advice taking were studied. The findings reveal that emotion valence and agency exert an influence on advice taking and that this interaction effect is mediated by the perceived ability of the advisor. Together, these findings provide a unique theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of emotions in advice taking. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charity Begins at Home: Cultural Differences in Social Discounting and Generosity
Authors: Strombach Tina , Jin Jia , Weber Bernd , Kenning Peter , Shen Qiang , Ma Qingguo , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPeople often consider how their actions influence others when making decisions. However, we are not equally generous to everyone alike. Our willingness to share resources declines as a function of social distance between the decision maker and the recipient. This function is likely to be influenced by culture, but research on behavioral decision making is still lacking empirical evidence. In Western societies, individuals generally perceive themselves as autonomous and independent from others, whereas the distinction between self and close others is less sharply defined by Eastern individuals where relationships and group membership are more centralized. Therefore, the social discount function should reflect this difference in the distinction of self and others by a reduced decline in generosity over close social distances. A social decision‐making task was adapted to the intercultural context, and data were collected in Germany and China. For seven different social distances, we estimated how much money German and Chinese subjects were willing to forego to give a certain reward to another person. A hyperbolic model was fitted to the data. We found that other‐regarding generosity declines as a function of social distance independent of cultural identity. However, German subjects showed a marked drop in generosity across close social distances, which was significantly less pronounced in Chinese participants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The osmotic pressure of highly concentrated monoclonal antibody solutions: Effect of solution conditions
Authors: Binabaji Elaheh , Rao Suma , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe behavior of monoclonal antibodies at high concentrations is important in downstream processing, drug formulation, and drug delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osmotic pressure of a highly purified monoclonal antibody at concentrations up to 250 g/L over a range of pH and ionic strength, and in the presence of specific excipients, using membrane osmometry. Independent measurements of the second virial coefficient were obtained using self‐interaction chromatography, and the net protein charge was evaluated using electrophoretic light scattering. The osmotic pressure at pH 5 and low ionic strength was >50 kPa for antibody concentrations above 200 g/L. The second virial coefficients determined from the oncotic pressure (after subtracting the Donnan contribution) were in good qualitative agreement with those determined by self‐interaction chromatography. The second virial coefficient decreased with increasing ionic strength and increasing pH due to the reduction in intermolecular electrostatic repulsion. The third virial coefficient was negative under all conditions, suggesting that multi‐body interactions in this system are attractive. The virial coefficients were essentially unaffected by addition of sucrose or proline. These results have important implications for the analysis of protein–protein interactions in downstream processing at high protein concentrations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 529–536. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transvascular closure of single and multiple muscular ventricular septal defects in neonates and infants < 20 kg
Authors: Zartner Peter , Christians Claus , Stelter Jan-Christian , Hraška Viktor , Schneider Martin B.E. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeWhile surgical closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) is still the gold standard, we review our experience with the interventional closure of single and multiple muscular VSD in newborns and infants under 20 kg.MethodBetween 2004 and 2012 transcatheter closure of ten Swiss cheese VSD, six single muscular and one apical VSD was attempted in 17 patients between 10 days and 7.3 years of age and with a bodyweight ranging from 2.2 to 19 kg. Seven patients had had a significant shunt after cardiac surgery, five patients a shunt induced congestive heart failure and in five patients postponement of surgery was intended.ResultsA total of 20 devices was successfully implanted in 15 of 17 (88%) patients, reducing the interventricular shunt and improving the haemodynamic situation in 14 patients. An acute AV‐block led to immediate removal of the device in a patient of 2.2 kg. One Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder could not be delivered due to the sharp bending of the delivery sheath in 2004. Three patients died during follow‐up not related to the intervention. Re‐intervention was necessary in one patient with Swiss cheese VSD.ConclusionInterventional closure of muscular VSD is possible in newborns and infants and presents an eligible treatment option. New occlusion systems with miniaturized introducer sheaths of 4–6 French have extended the spectrum of treatable lesions. An individual and interdisciplinary risk‐benefit stratification is required to choose from surgical, interventional, or combined strategies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling after everolimus‐eluting and sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients: The randomized diabetes and drug‐eluting stent (DiabeDES) IV intravascular ultrasound trial
Authors: Antonsen Lisbeth , Maeng Michael , Thayssen Per , Christiansen Evald Høj , Hansen Knud Nørregaard , Kaltoft Anne , Hansen Henrik Steen , Thuesen Leif , Lassen Jens Flensted , Jensen Lisette Okkels 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of the everolimus‐eluting Xience™/Promus™ stent (EES) and the sirolimus‐eluting Cypher™ stent (SES) on intimal hyperplasia (IH) in diabetic patients.BackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of in‐stent restenosis after coronary stent implantation due to intimal hyperplasia (IH).MethodsIn a sub study of the Randomized Comparison of Everolimus‐Eluting and Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents in Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SORT OUT IV trial), serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 10‐month follow‐up data were available in 88 patients, including 48 EES and 40 SES treated patients. IVUS endpoints included IH volume, in‐stent % volume obstruction and changes in external elastic membrane (EEM) volume.ResultsCompared with the SES group, IH volume was increased in the EES group [median (interquartile range): 2.8 mm3 (0.0–12.6) vs. 0.0 mm3 (0.0–1.1), P = 0.001]. In‐stent % volume obstruction was increased in EES compared to SES [median (interquartile range): 1.6% (0.0–8.2) vs. 0.0% (0.0–1.0), P = 0.001]. Peri‐stent external elastic membrane (EEM) volume: (post procedure vs. follow‐up EES [300 mm3 (219–491) vs. 307 mm3 (223–482), P = 0.73] and SES [316 mm3 (235–399) vs. 323 mm3 (246–404), P = 0.05]) and peri‐stent plaque volume: EES [163 mm3 (103–273) vs. 184 mm3 (115–291), P = 0.18] and SES [186 mm3 (139–248) vs. 175 mm3 (153–243), P = 0.26]) were unchanged in both groups. In the proximal reference segment a significant increase in plaque area was seen in the EES group only, without vascular remodeling.ConclusionIn diabetic patients, EES stent implantation was associated with increased IH volume obstruction without involvement of vascular remodeling. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid approach for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Early single center results and comparison to the standard surgical approach
Authors: Zampi Jeffrey D. , Hirsch‐Romano Jennifer C. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Shaya Justin A. , Armstrong Aimee K. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo examine acute and mid‐term patient outcomes following the hybrid approach to pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA‐IVS) compared with the standard surgical approach.BackgroundA subset of PA‐IVS patients with the prospect of biventricular circulation typically undergo surgical or transcatheter right ventricular (RV) outflow tract opening. A recently described hybrid procedure, involving perventricular pulmonary valve perforation, was shown to be safe and effective in single‐center series.MethodsA single‐center retrospective review of all patient with PA‐IVS who underwent either surgical or hybrid RV decompression between January 2002 and December 2011 was completed and acute and mid‐term patient outcomes were compared between the surgical and hybrid cohorts. Additionally, a systematic literature review was completed to compare a transcatheter cohort to the hybrid cohort.ResultsSeven patients with PA‐IVS underwent a hybrid procedure; the procedure was technically successful in all attempts, and none required CPB. No patients required surgical re‐intervention prior to hospital discharge, and none died during the study period. Surgical RV decompression was performed in 17 patients with a median CPB time of 80 min. Patient outcomes were nearly identical between cohorts. By systematic review, the transcatheter approach has a procedural success of 75–95% but up to 75% of patients require operation in the neonatal period.ConclusionsThe hybrid approach is a safe and feasible alternative to the standard surgical and transcatheter approaches to PA‐IVS. Acute and mid‐term patient outcomes are comparable with those treated with a standard surgical approach and neonatal CPB is completely avoided. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glia to axon RNA transfer
Authors: Sotelo José Roberto , Canclini Lucía , Kun Alejandra , Sotelo‐Silveira José Roberto , Calliari Aldo , Cal Karina , Bresque Mariana , DiPaolo Andrés , Farias Joaquina , Mercer John A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe existence of RNA in axons has been a matter of dispute for decades. Evidence for RNA and ribosomes has now accumulated to a point at which it is difficult to question, much of the disputes turned to the origin of these axonal RNAs. In this review, we focus on studies addressing the origin of axonal RNAs and ribosomes. The neuronal soma as the source of most axonal RNAs has been demonstrated and is indisputable. However, the surrounding glial cells may be a supplemental source of axonal RNAs, a matter scarcely investigated in the literature. Here, we review the few papers that have demonstrated that glial‐to‐axon RNA transfer is not only feasible, but likely. We describe this process in both invertebrate axons and vertebrate axons. Schwann cell to axon ribosomes transfer was conclusively demonstrated (Court et al. [2008]: J. Neurosci 28:11024–11029; Court et al. [2011]: Glia 59:1529–1539). However, mRNA transfer still remains to be demonstrated in a conclusive way. The intercellular transport of mRNA has interesting implications, particularly with respect to the integration of glial and axonal function. This evolving field is likely to impact our understanding of the cell biology of the axon in both normal and pathological conditions. Most importantly, if the synthesis of proteins in the axon can be controlled by interacting glia, the possibilities for clinical interventions in injury and neurodegeneration are greatly increased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 292–302, 2014
Nkx2.2:Cre knock‐in mouse line: A novel tool for pancreas‐ and CNS‐specific gene deletion
Authors: Balderes Dina A. , Magnuson Mark A. , Sussel Lori 
Published: August 2013

SummaryNkx2.2 is a homeodomain‐containing transcriptional regulator necessary for the appropriate differentiation of ventral neuronal populations in the spinal cord and hindbrain, and endocrine cell populations in the pancreas and intestine. In each tissue, Nkx2.2 inactivation leads to reciprocal cell fate alterations. To confirm the cell fate changes are due to respecification of Nkx2.2‐expressing progenitors and to provide a novel tool for lineage tracing in the pancreas and CNS, we generated an Nkx2.2:Cre mouse line by knocking in a Cre‐EGFP cassette into the Nkx2.2 genomic locus and inactivating endogenous Nkx2.2. The R26R‐CAG‐LSL‐tdTomato reporter was used to monitor the specificity and efficiency of Nkx2.2:Cre activity; the tomato reporter faithfully recapitulated endogenous Nkx2.2 expression and could be detected as early as embryonic day (e) 9.25 in the developing CNS and was initiated shortly thereafter at e9.5 in the pancreas. Lineage analyses in the CNS confirmed the cell populations thought to be derived from Nkx2.2‐expressing progenitor domains. Furthermore, lineage studies verified Nkx2.2 expression in the earliest pancreatic progenitors that give rise to all cell types of the pancreas; however they also revealed more robust Cre activity in the dorsal versus ventral pancreas. Thus, the Nkx2.2:Cre line provides a novel tool for gene manipulations in the CNS and pancreas. genesis 51:844–851. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The self‐regulatory role of anticipated group‐based shame and guilt in inhibiting in‐group favoritism
Authors: Shepherd Lee , Spears Russell , Manstead Antony Stephen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn three studies, we examined whether the anticipation of group‐based guilt and shame inhibits in‐group favoritism. In Studies 1 and 2, anticipated group‐based shame negatively predicted in‐group favoritism; in neither study did anticipated group‐based guilt uniquely predict in‐group favoritism. In Study 3, we orthogonally manipulated anticipated group‐based shame and guilt. Here, we found that the shame (but not the guilt) manipulation had a significant inhibitory effect on in‐group favoritism. Anticipated group‐based shame (but not guilt) promotes egalitarian intergroup behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The meaning of tears: Which sex seems emotional depends on the social context
Authors: Fischer Agneta H. , Eagly Alice H. , Oosterwijk Suzanne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe media coverage sometimes given to crying women points to the importance of understanding whether gender affects interpretations of crying. This article reports two studies that examined whether observers infer different emotions or dispositions from crying men and women. Study 1 showed that, in the absence of information about the social context of crying, participants inferred gender‐stereotypical traits and emotions. Study 2's manipulation of the social context of crying (relationship versus employment) affected participants' interpretations of crying by men and women. In employment contexts, participants perceived crying men as more emotional and sad than crying women as well as less competent. The emotionality inferences mediated the judgments of differing male and female competence. In relationship contexts, interpretations of crying women and men did not differ. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.