bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium lignosulfonate improve the flame retardancy of carboxymethyl chitosan @ melamine polyphosphate‐containing silicone acrylic emulsion‐based coatings
Authors: Lai MengYao , Wang YaChao , Li Fan , Zhao JiangPing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address the flammability concerns of silicone acrylate emulsion (SAE), it is of utmost importance to develop composite coatings that excel in flame retardancy and smoke suppression. In this research, we have utilized carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) bonded‐melamine polyphosphate (MPP)/sodium lignosulfonate (LS) to create SAE composite SiPC coatings through the sol–gel method for flame‐retarding plywood. The results obtained that CMCS pretreatment of MPP (CMPP) facilitates the filling of P‐containing components in the SAE composite SiPC coating to further form a continuous and dense cross‐linked structure. Appropriate dosage of LS (2 wt.%) improve the flame retardancy of the coatings, which is manifested the peak heat release rate drops from 237.4 to 142.4 kW m−2, total smoke production (TSP) is also significantly reduces by 55%. Notably, the coating undergoes a transformation into a nonflammable vitreous polyphosphate barrier layer while burning, effectively preventing the transfer of heat or mass. According to the calculation results of adsorption kinetics, the formaldehyde adsorption rate of the SiPC coating increased by 76.6%. Furthermore, the pyrolysis kinetics identify that the 3D Z.‐L.‐T model governs the coatings' pyrolysis, and the appropriate LS makes the pyrolysis Eα rise from 300.98 to 326.50 kJ mol−1 at 358  – 439°C, indicating enhanced thermal stability. In conclusion, our research has introduced a novel design strategy for developing the SiPC coating with exceptional properties, studies the flame‐retardant mechanisms of SAE composite SiPC coating, promotes the advancement of sustainable urban building materials, and explores a green, clean, and low‐cost ecological technology approach.
Preparation and characterization of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites reinforced with acetylated cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers for enhanced properties
Authors: da Silva Candido Ludmila , da Silva Santos Elen , de Fátima Vieira Marques Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanocellulose‐reinforced composites hold great promise for outperforming the original polymer matrix by offering exceptional properties, including outstanding barrier characteristics achieved through the establishment of convoluted pathways for the diffusion of water vapor and gases, as well as superior mechanical and thermal properties. Nevertheless, a significant challenge when employing nanocelluloses as reinforcements in polymers arises from their limited compatibility with the polymer matrix, primarily attributed to the abundance of surface hydroxyl groups.To address this limitation, this study focuses on the acetylation modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibers (CNF) to enhance their compatibility with the polymer matrix. Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposites were developed by incorporating 1 wt% of both untreated and acetylated cellulose. The process involved the molten state mixing of these components using a twin‐screw mini extruder, conducted at 160°C for 7 min. The efficacy of the acetylation process was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the favorable interaction and dispersion of nanocelluloses within the polymer matrix. Importantly, introducing these fillers did not compromise thermal stability but notably enhanced the hydrophobic characteristics of the samples, as confirmed by contact angle measurements. Dynamic mechanical analyses further demonstrated the compatibility and effective interaction between the polymer and fillers. This research uniquely provides a comparative analysis of the effects of acetylated CNC and CNF within a PBAT matrix, unveiling distinct interactions and performance enhancements. Each type of nanocellulose exhibits its own characteristic ways of bonding and dispersing, leading to varying performance improvements for the material. This comparison elucidates the nuanced roles that these nanocelluloses play in reinforcing composites, offering insights into optimizing their contribution to polymer matrices. By demonstrating the differential impact of CNC and CNF post‐acetylation, our study contributes significantly to the field of polymer science, guiding future applications of nanocellulose‐reinforced materials in advanced engineering and sustainability efforts.
Xanthan gum modification to surface and interfacial properties between soil‐based matrixes and petroleum oils to minimize soil pollution
Authors: Ahmed Firoz , Hutton‐Prager Brenda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel approach exploiting surfaces and interfaces between liquid oils and porous soil media was used to investigate the role of xanthan gum (XG) in minimizing the spread of petroleum oil spills on land. 1.6 wt% XG added to soil‐based mixture matrixes (topsoil, sand, clay, and moisture) resulted in a 50% reduction in oil spreading area at 0 and 5 wt% moisture content, at 1.3 cm depth of soil matrix. Also recorded was a 45% increase in time taken for the low‐ and medium‐viscosity oils to penetrate this soil depth. XG alters the surface energy and roughness of the soil matrixes, which additionally contributes to a reduction in oil spreading capabilities. Interfacial phenomena between individual oil droplets and soil matrixes demonstrated variable findings of droplet spreading and penetration with XG, depending upon the heterogeneity of the soil matrix itself. XG assisted a reduced lateral spread in heterogeneous soil matrixes and a reduced vertical penetration in clay‐based matrixes. These interfacial results highlighted the often‐observed differing transport phenomena at the interface compared with the bulk. This initial study demonstrates a novel approach to incorporate surface energy phenomena into the suite of soil remediation efforts by introducing natural biopolymers in high‐risk land oil‐spill areas to slow oil contaminant spread. Future studies will further characterize the benefits of XG in containing oil flow.
High‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates memory impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mice
Authors: Zou Huihui , Bao Shilin , Chen Xinrun , Zhou Xianju , Zhang Shaotian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF‐rTMS) has been found to ameliorate cognitive impairment. However, the effects of HF‐rTMS remain unknown in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH).AimTo investigate the effects of HF‐rTMS on cognitive improvement and its potential mechanisms in CCH mice.Materials and methodsDaily HF‐rTMS therapy was delivered after bilateral carotid stenosis (BCAS) and continued for 14 days. The mice were randomly assigned to three groups: the sham group, the model group, and the HF‐rTMS group. The Y maze and the new object recognition test were used to assess cognitive function. The expressions of MAP‐2, synapsis, Myelin basic protein(MBP), and brain‐derived growth factors (BDNF) were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot to evaluate neuronal plasticity and white matter myelin regeneration. Nissl staining and the expression of caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were used to observe neuronal apoptosis. In addition, the activation of microglia and astrocytes were evaluated by fluorescence staining. The inflammation levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)‐α were detected by qPCR in the hippocampus of mice in each group.ResultsVia behavioral tests, the BCAS mice showed reduced a rate of new object preference and decreased a rate of spontaneous alternations, while HF‐rTMS significantly improved hippocampal learning and memory deficits. In addition, the mice in the model group showed decreased levels of MAP‐2, synapsis, MBP, and BDNF, while HF‐rTMS treatment reversed these effects. As expected, activated microglia and astrocytes increased in the model group, but HF‐rTMS treatment suppressed these changes. HF‐rTMS decreased BCAS‐induced neuronal apoptosis and the expression of pro‐apoptotic protein (Caspase‐3 and Bax) and increased the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein (Bcl‐2). In addition, HF‐rTMS inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α).ConclusionsHF‐rTMS alleviates cognitive impairment in CCH mice by enhancing neuronal plasticity and inhibiting inflammation, thus serving as a potential method for vascular cognitive impairment.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1/2 inhibition and risk of neurodegenerative disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Shi Xinxiu , Shao Yankun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitors (SGLT1i) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on neurodegenerative disorders and to investigate the role of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.MethodsUtilizing drug target Mendelian randomization, we employed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proximal to the SLC5A1 and SLC5A2 genes to analyze the influence of SGLT1i and SGLT2i on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a positive control. An additional analysis examined the impact of HbA1c levels on the same disorders.ResultsSGLT1i exhibited a significant association with decreased risk for ALS and MS. Conversely, SGLT2i were linked to an increased risk of AD, PD, and MS. Elevated HbA1c levels, independent of SGLT1 and SGLT2 effects, were associated with an increased risk of PD. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings.ConclusionOur study suggests that SGLT1i may confer protection against ALS and MS, whereas SGLT2i could elevate the risk of AD, PD, and MS. Additionally, elevated HbA1c levels emerged as a risk factor for PD. These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches in the utilization of SGLT inhibitors, considering their varying impacts on the risks of neurodegenerative diseases.
Biocompatible PAMAM‐PLGA‐PCL Nanocarrier for Efficient Curcumin Delivery to Lung Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Qasim Almajidi Yasir , Jawad Ali Q. , Abdulameer Albadri Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLung cancer, as the leading cause of death among other types of cancer, has a high rate of incidence throughout the world. Although conventional modalities, like chemotherapy, have been applied for the inhibition of this cancer, they have not led to the suppression of lung cancer owing to their deficiencies. Thus, we developed a novel polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐polyamidoamine G4 (PAMAM G4)‐polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocarrier for efficient delivery of curcumin (Cur) to A549 lung cancer cells. The synthesized nanocarrier was characterized by applying analytical techniques, FT‐IR, DLS, TEM, and TGA. Successful synthesis, nano‐size diameter (40–80 nm), near neutral surface charge (8.0 mV), and high drug entrapment (11.5 %) were measured for the nanocarrier. Controlled (about 5 folds within first 2 h) and pH‐sensitive (2–3 folds faster within first hours) Cur release observed for PLGA‐PAMAM‐PCL‐Cur. Cell viability test (MTT assay) indicated the high capability of nanocarrier in suppression of A549 cancer cells (21 % viability after 24 h of treatment with 200 nM) while did not result in toxicity on MSC normal cells. The IC50 observed for 50 nM at 24 h of post‐treatment in A549 cells. The qRT‐PCR technique indicated inducing the expression of apoptotic genes (Caspase9 and Bax) by 6–8 folds and suppressing anti‐apoptotic gene (Bcl2) by 7 folds. ROS considerably increased in cancer cells as well. This nanocarrier would be a promising drug delivery system against lung cancer.
The migrasome as a developmental learning paradigm in cell biology
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Wang Zirui , Cui Haoran , Zhang Leiliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMigrasome is a newly discovered organelle composed of small vesicular structures enclosed in membrane structures. Since its discovery in 2014, migrasome has attracted increasing attention in cell biology due to its critical role in multiple disease processes. Its pivotal role in various disease processes, including cell migration, intercellular communication, removal of damaged mitochondria, embryogenesis localization, immune cell chemotaxis, and virus transmission, underscores its significance in biological systems. With research on migrasome steadily increasing, it becomes a unique resource for undergraduate cell biology education. For deeper understanding of migrasome, we applied a bibliometric approach. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of migrasome research by retrieving relevant literature from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed using the keywords “migrasome” or “migrasomes.” Employing CiteSpace software and Prism, we analyzed annual publication trends, identified core authors and institutions, assessed national contributions, examined keywords, and scrutinized highly cited literature related to migrasome research. This study presents a comprehensive overview of migrasome research, elucidating its literature characteristics, key contributors, research hotspots, and emerging trends. By shedding light on the current status and future trajectories of migrasome research, we aim to provide valuable insights for teachers in cell biology education. We propose for the integration of migrasome research into undergraduate curricula to enhance the understanding of cell biology among premedical, medical, and biomedical students, thereby fostering a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms governing cellular behavior and disease processes.
Effect of the Nature of Ni Species on Hydrogenation of 1,4‐Butynediol over Ni/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Zhao Liping , Yu Xiaosheng , Wu Ruifang , Li Haitao , Wang Changzhen , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe catalytic performance of liquid‐phase hydrogenation of 1,4‐butynediol (BYD) to 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) was studied on silica‐supported Ni catalysts prepared by impregnation, sol‐gel, and ammonia evaporation methods, respectively. Due to the formation of nickel phyllosilicate, the Ni species in Ni/SiO2‐AE catalyst prepared by ammonia evaporation is difficult to reduce at 450 °C, resulting in fewer Ni0 active sites and poor hydrogenation activity. As for the impregnated Ni/SiO2‐IM, its nickel particles are prone to aggregate seriously due to their weak interaction with the support which may be not conducive to catalytic hydrogenation. On the contrary, the Ni species introduced by sol‐gel method can homogenously embedded in the amorphous silica intersecting network structure with high metal dispersion and well physical confinement effect, which greatly promotes its BYD hydrogenation performance to obtain BDO with super high selectivity.
Intramolecular Cyclization and a Retro‐Ene Reaction Enable the Rapid Fragmentation of a Vitamin B1‐Derived Breslow Intermediate
Authors: Grenade Neil L. , Howe Graeme W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn solution, analogues of the Breslow intermediate formed during catalysis by benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFDC) undergo rapid, irreversible fragmentation. The ability of BFDC to prevent this reaction and preserve its cofactor is a striking example of an enzyme ‘steering’ a reactive intermediate towards a productive pathway. To understand how BFDC suppresses the off‐pathway reactivity of this Breslow intermediate, a clear mechanistic understanding of the fragmentation reaction is required. Here, DFT calculations reveal an unexpected mechanism for the solution‐phase fragmentation that involves an intramolecular cyclization and a subsequent retro‐ene reaction to release the final products. Free energy profiles demonstrate that this pathway is significantly more facile than the previously proposed mechanism that invoked Breslow intermediate enolates as intermediates. Additional computations have been performed to understand why related Breslow intermediates do not undergo analogous fragmentation reactions. Calculations performed with two closely related Breslow intermediates suggest that subtle differences in the relative values of ΔG≠ for protonation and fragmentation dictate whether a given intermediate will fragment or not. These differences and the fragmentation mechanism unveiled in this work may have ramifications for the mechanism of BFDC and other thiamin‐dependent enzymes and could provide general lessons related to the control of reactive intermediates by enzymes.
Bayesian parameter estimation using truncated normal distributions as priors for parameters in fundamental models of chemical processes
Authors: Gibson Lauren A. , McAuley Kimberley B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModellers of chemical processes with knowledge about plausible parameter values use Bayesian parameter estimation methods to account for their prior beliefs. Some modellers specify prior distributions with finite parameter ranges, such as uniform distributions and truncated normal distributions, because they better account for knowledge about realistic parameter ranges than normal prior distributions with parameter values ranging between and . We derive closed‐form objective functions for Bayesian parameter estimation with truncated normal priors and uniform priors, for the first time, so that parameter estimation can be performed by solving simple optimization problems rather than using complex sampling‐based techniques. A parametric bootstrapping method that considers truncated normal priors and model nonlinearity is proposed to determine 95% confidence intervals and joint confidence regions. A pharmaceutical case study is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed objective functions and bootstrapping methodology. Confidence regions from bootstrapping are similar to linearization‐based confidence regions that do not account for truncation when truncated areas in normal prior distributions are relatively small. More truncation, which corresponds to more‐precise prior knowledge about the parameters, results in smaller joint confidence regions. The proposed methods will be attractive for parameter estimation in complex process models because they can be less computationally intensive than Markov chain Monte Carlo methods that provide similar results.
Right Ventricular–Pulmonary Arterial Coupling and Outcome in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Xiang , Jiang Jiahui , Luo Ze , Tan Xilun , Ren Ruhua , Fujita Tsutomu , Kashima Yoshifumi , Tanimura Tetsuaki Li , Wang Ming , Zhang Chenhao 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRight ventricular–pulmonary artery coupling (RVPAC) refers to the relationship between right ventricular systolic force and afterload. The ratio of echocardiograph‐derived tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) has been proposed as a noninvasive measurement of RVPAC and reported as an independent prognostic parameter of heart failure. However, it has not been adequately in detail evaluated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that RVPAC may be used and proposed as an expression of key risk factors in patients with HFpEF.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed TAPSE/PASP of 648 HFpEF patients hospitalized in Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2017. All eligible patients were followed up for 5 years. The correlation between TAPSE/SPAP index and clinical indicators and outcomes was evaluated.ResultsThe final analysis included 414 patients. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower TAPSE, TAPSE/PASP and higher PASP compared with survivors (p < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff of TAPSE, PASP, and RVPAC to predict all‐cause death were 16.5 mm, 37.5 mmHg, and 0.45 mm/mmHg, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analyses adjusted for gender showed a significant, independent association of the RVPAC with the composite endpoint of all‐cause death or HF‐related recurrent hospitalization (HR: 0.006; 95% CI 0.001–0.057, p < 0.001).ConclusionsRVPAC, defined by the ratio of TAPSE to PASP, is the expression of a key risk factor in HFpEF patients, which is independently associated with the composite endpoint of all‐cause death or HF‐related recurrent hospitalization.
Zr‐MOF Nanosheets Featuring Benzothiadiazoles Enable Efficient Visible Light Driven Photooxidation of Sulfides and Amines
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Qing , Zhou Xing‐Yu , Zhao Ying‐Mei , Luo Bi‐Fu , Li Hai‐Xing , Tan Yuan‐Zhi , Zhuang Jin‐Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltrathin zirconium‐based metal−organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, embedded with photochromic units, are expected to be highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, thanks to their rich catalytic sites, short diffusion paths, and effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we reported the synthesis of novel Zr‐MOF nanosheets (Zr‐BTDB) through a solvothermal synthesis that integrates benzothiadiazole (BTz) as a photochromic moiety within the framework of MOF. The Zr‐BTDB nanosheets processes a [Zr12(μ3‐O)8(μ3‐OH)8(μ2‐OH)6] cluster with hcp topology. Importantly, Zr‐BTDB nanosheets exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the photooxidation of sulfides and amines at room temperature under blue light irradiation. Notably, these nanosheets maintain their photocatalytic activity and selectivity for up to five cycles without significant loss of activity and crystallinity. Systematical catalytic reactions revealed that the Zr‐BTDB nanosheets enable the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2⋅−) under visible light irradiation, which is critical reactive oxygen species for the photooxidation of sulfides and benzylamines. Our work represents a straightforward route for the preparation of ultrathin, water stable, and visible‐light‐activated Zr‐MOF nanosheets, offering new potentials for the selective photooxidation of sulfides and amines in an eco‐friendly way.
CO2 Hydrogenation on Carbides Formed in situ on Carbon‐Supported Iron‐Based Catalysts in High‐Density Supercritical Medium
Authors: Bogdan Tatiana V. , Koklin Aleksey E. , Mishanin Igor I. , Chernavskii Petr A. , Pankratov Denis A. , Kim Oksun A. , Bogdan Viktor I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCO2 conversion via hydrogenation over iron‐based catalysts on non‐carbon supports produces mainly CO or methane by the Sabatier reaction, while the formation of C2+ hydrocarbons is of greatest interest. CxHy production from CO2 may be considered as a two‐step process with the initial formation of carbon monoxide by the reverse water gas shift reaction followed by the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS). In the present work CO2 hydrogenation over iron‐based catalysts (Fe, FeCr, FeK) deposited on a carbon carrier has been studied. The catalyst structure has been investigated by XRD, TEM, XPS, Mössbauer spectroscopy and in situ magnetometry. Spinel‐type oxide phases (magnetite Fe3O4; maggemite γ‐Fe2O3, and, in the case of FeCr/C catalyst, iron chromite Fe1+xCr2‐xO4) are formed on the catalysts, and they contribute exclusively to the CO production. Iron carbides, active in FTS, are formed on Fe‐ and FeK‐catalysts during pre‐activation in reducing environment and then during the reaction. The reaction over the 20Fe1K/C catalyst in supercritical high‐density CO2/H2 substrate (400 °C, 8.5 MPa) leads to 72 % selectivity for C1–C12+ hydrocarbons (alkanes and alkenes). Under the same conditions, iron carbides do not form on the FeCr/C catalysts, and CO2 hydrogenation results in the CO formation with the selectivity of 90–100 %.