bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Guardianship Dilemma: Regime Securitythroughandfromthe Armed Forces—ERRATUM
Authors: MCMAHON R. BLAKE , SLANTCHEV BRANISLAV L. 
Published: May 2015

Owing to an editorial oversight, the citation and reference for Piplani and Talmadge (2015) was deleted twice on page 307 of the May 2015 issue ofAmerican Political Science Review. The citations should read as follows:In this context, it is useful to consider the empirical results of two studies that find that the probability of coups is lower if the country is involved in a war (Piplani and Talmadge, 2015) and even in a crisis (Arbatli and Arbatli, 2014). The explanatory mechanisms these studies offer are different (although not necessarily incompatible): Piplani and Talmadge (2015) argue that when the military is engaged in a war there are fewer opportunities for a coup and more uncertainty about who will join it, whereas Arbatli and Arbatli (2014) argue that crises allow rulers to commit credibly to transfers to the military and to generate rally-around-the-flag effects.Also, owing to a printer's error on page 305, Qaddafi is misspelled as Qaddaf.We regret these errors.
Female disability disadvantage: a global perspective on sex differences in physical function and disability
Authors: WHEATON FELICIA V. , CRIMMINS EILEEN M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe objectives were to determine whether women always fare more poorly in terms of physical function and disability across countries that vary widely in terms of their level of development, epidemiologic context and level of gender equality. Sex differences in self-reported and objective measures of disability and physical function were compared among older adults aged 55–85 in the United States of America, Taiwan, Korea, Mexico, China, Indonesia and among the Tsimane of Bolivia using population-based studies collected between 2001 and 2011. Data were analysed using logistic and ordinary least-squares regression. Confidence intervals were examined to see whether the effect of being female differed significantly between countries. In all countries, women had consistently worse physical functioning (both self-reported and objectively measured). Women also tended to report more difficulty with activities of daily living (ADL), although differences were not always significant. In general, sex differences across measures were less pronounced in China. In Korea, women had significantly lower grip strength, but sex differences in ADL difficulty were non-significant or even reversed. Education and marital status helped explain sex differences. Overall, there was striking similarity in the magnitude and direction of sex differences across countries despite considerable differences in context, although modest variations in the effect of sex were observed.
Topological control of the Caulobacter cell cycle circuitry by a polarized single-domain PAS protein
Authors: Sanselicio Stefano , Bergé Matthieu , Théraulaz Laurence , Radhakrishnan Sunish Kumar , Viollier Patrick H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the myriad of different sensory domains encoded in bacteria, only a few types are known to control the cell cycle. Here we use a forward genetic screen for Caulobacter crescentus motility mutants to identify a conserved single-domain PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) protein (MopJ) with pleiotropic regulatory functions. MopJ promotes re-accumulation of the master cell cycle regulator CtrA after its proteolytic destruction is triggered by the DivJ kinase at the G1-S transition. MopJ and CtrA syntheses are coordinately induced in S-phase, followed by the sequestration of MopJ to cell poles in Caulobacter. Polarization requires Caulobacter DivJ and the PopZ polar organizer. MopJ interacts with DivJ and influences the localization and activity of downstream cell cycle effectors. Because MopJ abundance is upregulated in stationary phase and by the alarmone (p)ppGpp, conserved systemic signals acting on the cell cycle and growth phase control are genetically integrated through this conserved single PAS-domain protein.
Direct observation of finite size effects in chains of antiferromagnetically coupled spins
Authors: Guidi T. , Gillon B. , Mason S. A. , Garlatti E. , Carretta S. , Santini P. , Stunault A. , Caciuffo R. , van Slageren J. , Klemke B. , Cousson A. , Timco G. A. , Winpenny R. E. P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFinite spin chains made of few magnetic ions are the ultimate-size structures that can be engineered to perform spin manipulations for quantum information devices. Their spin structure is expected to show finite size effects and its knowledge is of great importance both for fundamental physics and applications. Until now a direct and quantitative measurement of the spatial distribution of the magnetization of such small structures has not been achieved even with the most advanced microscopic techniques. Here we present measurements of the spin density distribution of a finite chain of eight spin-3/2 ions using polarized neutron diffraction. The data reveal edge effects that are a consequence of the finite size and of the parity of the chain and indicate a noncollinear spin arrangement. This is in contrast with the uniform spin distribution observed in the parent closed chain and the collinear arrangement in odd-open chains.
Synthesis of new metastable nanoalloys of immiscible metals with a pulse laser technique
Authors: Swiatkowska-Warkocka Zaneta , Pyatenko Alexander , Krok Franciszek , Jany Benedykt R. , Marszalek Marta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe generation of nanoalloys of immiscible metals is still a challenge using conventional methods. However, because these materials are currently attracting much attention, alternative methods are needed. In this article, we demonstrate a simple but powerful strategy for the generation of a new metastable alloy of immiscible metals. Au1−xNix 3D structures with 56 at% of nickel in gold were successfully manufactured by the pulsed laser irradiation of colloidal nanoparticles. This technology can be used for preparing different metastable alloys of immiscible metals. We hypothesise that this technique leads to the formation of alloy particles through the agglomerations of nanoparticles, very fast heating and fast cooling/solidification. Thus, we expect that our approach will be applicable to a wide range of inorganic solids, yielding even new metastable solids that fail to be stable in the bulk systems and therefore do not exist in Nature.
The T cell receptor resides in ordered plasma membrane nanodomains that aggregate upon patching of the receptor
Authors: Dinic Jelena , Riehl Astrid , Adler Jeremy , Parmryd Ingela 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo related models for T cell signalling initiation suggest either that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement leads to its recruitment to ordered membrane domains, often referred to as lipid rafts, where signalling molecules are enriched or that ordered TCR-containing membrane nanodomains coalesce upon TCR engagement. That ordered domains form upon TCR engagement, as they do upon lipid raft marker patching, has not been considered. The target of this study was to differentiate between those three options. Plasma membrane order was followed in live T cells at 37 °C using laurdan to report on lipid packing. Patching of the TCR that elicits a signalling response resulted in aggregation, not formation, of ordered plasma membrane domains in both Jurkat and primary T cells. The TCR colocalised with actin filaments at the plasma membrane in unstimulated Jurkat T cells, consistent with it being localised to ordered membrane domains. The colocalisation was most prominent in cells in G1 phase when the cells are ready to commit to proliferation. At other cell cycle phases the TCR was mainly found at perinuclear membranes. Our study suggests that the TCR resides in ordered plasma membrane domains that are linked to actin filaments and aggregate upon TCR engagement.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of vertically aligned single-crystalline NKN nano-rod arrays
Authors: Kang Min-Gyu , Oh Seung-Min , Jung Woo-Suk , Gyu Moon Hi , Baek Seung-Hyub , Nahm Sahn , Yoon Seok-Jin , Kang Chong-Yun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPiezoelectric materials capable of converting between mechanical and electrical energy have a great range of potential applications in micro- and nano-scale smart devices; however, their performance tends to be greatly degraded when reduced to a thin film due to the large clamping force by the substrate and surrounding materials. Herein, we report an effective method for synthesizing isolated piezoelectric nano-materials as means to relax the clamping force and recover original piezoelectric properties of the materials. Using this, environmentally friendly single-crystalline NaxK1-xNbO3 (NKN) piezoelectric nano-rod arrays were successfully synthesized by conventional pulsed-laser deposition and demonstrated to have a remarkably enhanced piezoelectric performance. The shape of the nano-structure was also found to be easily manipulated by varying the energy conditions of the physical vapor. We anticipate that this work will provide a way to produce piezoelectric micro- and nano-devices suitable for practical application and in doing so, open a new path for the development of complex metal-oxide nano-structures.
β-Pro7Ang III is a novel highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, which acts as a vasodepressor agent via the AT2R in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Del Borgo Mark , Wang Yan , Bosnyak Sanja , Khan Morimer , Walters Pia , Spizzo Iresha , Perlmutter Patrick , Hilliard Lucinda , Denton Kate , Aguilar Marie-Isabel , Widdop Robert E. , Jones Emma S. 
Published: May 2015

We have previously shown that individual β-amino acid substitution in angiotensin (Ang) II reduced Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) but not Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-binding and that the heptapeptide Ang III exhibited greater AT2R:AT1R selectivity than Ang II. Therefore, we hypothesized that β-amino-acid-substituted Ang III peptide analogues would yield highly selective AT2R ligands, which we have tested in binding and functional vascular assays. In competition binding experiments using either AT1R- or AT2R-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, novel β-substituted Ang III analogues lacked appreciable AT1R affinity, whereas most compounds could fully displace 125I-Sar1Ile8 Ang II from AT2R. The rank order of affinity at AT2R was CGP42112 &gt; Ang III &gt; β-Pro7 Ang III=Ang II &gt; β-Tyr4 Ang III ≥ PD123319 &gt;&gt; β-Phe8 Ang III &gt;&gt; β Arg2 Ang III=β-Val3 Ang III &gt;&gt; β-Ile5 Ang III. The novel analogue β-Pro7 Ang III was the most selective AT2R ligand tested, which was &gt;20 000-fold more selective for AT2R than AT1R. IC50 values at AT2R from binding studies correlated with maximum vasorelaxation in mouse aortic rings. Given that β-Pro7 Ang III was an AT2R agonist, we compared β-Pro7 Ang III and native Ang III for their ability to reduce blood pressure in separate groups of conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Whereas Ang III alone increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), β-Pro7 Ang III had no effect. During low-level AT1R blockade, both Ang III and β-Pro7 Ang III, but not Ang II, lowered MAP (by ∼30 mmHg) at equimolar infusions (150 pmol/kg/min for 4 h) and these depressor effects were abolished by the co-administration of the AT2R antagonist PD123319. Thus, β-Pro7 Ang III has remarkable AT2R selectivity determined in binding and functional studies and will be a valuable research tool for insight into AT2R function and for future drug development.
Optogenetic and pharmacological suppression of spatial clusters of face neurons reveal their causal role in face gender discrimination
Authors: Afraz Arash , Boyden Edward S. , DiCarlo James J. 
Published: May 2015

Significance
There exist subregions of the primate brain that contain neurons that respond more to images of faces over other objects. These subregions are thought to support face-detection and discrimination behaviors. Although the role of these areas in telling faces from other objects is supported by direct evidence, their causal role in distinguishing faces from each other lacks direct experimental evidence. Using optogenetics, here we reveal their causal role in face-discrimination behavior and provide a mechanistic explanation for the process. This study is the first documentation of behavioral effects of optogenetic intervention in primate object-recognition behavior. The methods developed here facilitate the usage of the technical advantages of optogenetics for future studies of high-level vision.
Time series analysis of the impact of an intervention in Tayside, Scotland to reduce primary care broad-spectrum antimicrobial use
Authors: Hernandez-Santiago Virginia , Marwick Charis A. , Patton Andrea , Davey Peter G. , Donnan Peter T. , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Concern about Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and resistance has driven interventions internationally to reduce broad-spectrum antimicrobial use. An intervention combining guidelines, education and feedback was implemented in Tayside, Scotland in 2009 aiming to reduce primary care prescribing of co-amoxiclav, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and clindamycin (‘4C antimicrobials’). Our aim was to assess the impact of this real-world intervention on antimicrobial prescribing rates.

Methods
We used interrupted time series with segmented regression analysis to examine associations between the intervention and changes in antimicrobial prescribing (quarterly rates of patients exposed to 4C antimicrobials, non-4C antimicrobials and any antimicrobial in 2005–12).

Results
The intervention was associated with a highly significant and sustained decrease in 4C antimicrobial prescribing, by 33.5% (95% CI –26.1 to –40.9), 42.2% (95% CI –34.2 to –50.2) and 55.5% (95% CI –45.9 to –65.1) at 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention, respectively. The effect was seen across all age groups, with the largest reductions in people aged 65 years and over (58.4% reduction at 24 months, 95% CI –46.7 to –70.1) and care home residents (65.6% reduction at 24 months, 95% CI –51.8 to –79.4). There were balancing increases in doxycycline, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim prescribing as well as a reduction in macrolide prescribing. Total antimicrobial exposure did not change.

Conclusions
A real-world intervention to reduce primary care prescribing of antimicrobials associated with CDI led to large, sustained reductions in the targeted prescribing, largely due to substitution with guideline-recommended antimicrobials rather than by avoiding antimicrobial use altogether. Further research is needed to examine the impact on antimicrobial resistance.
Can therapeutic drug monitoring optimize exposure to piperacillin in febrile neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sime Fekade Bruck , Roberts Michael S. , Tiong Ing Soo , Gardner Julia H. , Lehman Sheila , Peake Sandra L. , Hahn Uwe , Warner Morgyn S. , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to describe piperacillin exposure in febrile neutropenia patients and determine whether therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be used to increase the achievement of pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets.

Methods
In a prospective randomized controlled study (Australian New Zealand Registry, ACTRN12615000086561), patients were subjected to TDM for 3 consecutive days. Dose was adjusted in the intervention group to achieve a free drug concentration above the MIC for 100% of the dose interval (100% fT&gt;MIC), which was also the primary outcome measure. The secondary PK/PD target was 50% fT&gt;MIC. Duration of fever and days to recovery from neutropenia were recorded.

Results
Thirty-two patients were enrolled. Initially, patients received 4.5 g of piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 h or every 6 h along with gentamicin co-therapy in 30/32 (94%) patients. At the first TDM, 7/32 (22%) patients achieved 100% fT&gt;MIC and 12/32 (38%) patients achieved 50% fT&gt;MIC. Following dose adjustment, 11/16 (69%) of intervention patients versus 3/16 (19%) of control patients (P = 0.012) attained 100% fT&gt;MIC, and 15/16 (94%) of intervention patients versus 5/16 (31%) of control patients (P = 0.001) achieved 50% fT&gt;MIC. After the third TDM, the proportion of patients attaining 100% fT&gt;MIC improved from a baseline 3/16 (19%) to 11/15 (73%) in the intervention group, while it declined from 4/16 (25%) to 1/15 (7%) in the control group. No difference was noted in the duration of fever and days to recovery from neutropenia.

Conclusions
Conventional doses of piperacillin/tazobactam may not offer adequate piperacillin exposure in febrile neutropenic patients. TDM provides useful feedback of dosing adequacy to guide dose optimization.
Complementary therapy and survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Mulpur Bhageeradh H. , Nabors L. Burt , Thompson Reid C. , Olson Jeffrey J. , LaRocca Renato V. , Thompson Zachary , Egan Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Complementary therapy (CAM) is common in cancer patients. We undertook this study to assess the association of complementary therapy usage with mortality in glioblastoma (GBM) patients.

Methods
The analysis was based on 470 patients. Information on current use of CAM was collected in structured interviews conducted a median of 6 weeks following GBM diagnosis. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for GBM-related death according to the use of individual supplements with multivariate adjustment for known prognostic factors including age, KPS, and extent of tumor resection (ESR).

Results
Use of CAM agents was common, with 77% of the cohort reporting CAM usage. No mortality association was observed with the use of multivitamins (HR = 0.91; P = .40) or omega-3 fatty acids (HR = 1.07; P = .69). Patients taking vitamin D as an individual supplement (containing higher dosages than in a multivitamin) had reduced mortality when compared with nonusers (age-adjusted HR = 0.68; P = .02). However, the association was diminished after adjustment for KPS and ESR (HR = 0.74; P = .09). Use of herbal supplements was also associated with reduced mortality (HR = 0.58; P = .04). Vitamin E users had a nonsignificantly higher mortality when compared with nonusers (HR = 1.54; P = .09).

Conclusions
Use of CAM is common in GBM patients. These exploratory analyses suggest no mortality association with the use of multivitamins or omega-3 fatty acids. Associations observed with vitamins D and E merit further investigation.
A Vision for Ubiquitous Sequencing
Authors: Erlich Yaniv 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGenomics has recently celebrated reaching the $1000 genome milestone, making affordable DNA sequencing a reality. With this goal successfully completed, the next goal of the sequencing revolution can be sequencing sensors miniaturized sequencing devices that are manufactured for real time applications and deployed in large quantities at low costs. The first part of this manuscript envisions applications that will benefit from moving the sequencers to the samples in a range of domains. In the second part, the manuscript outlines the critical barriers that need to be addressed in order to reach the goal of ubiquitous sequencing sensors.
Comparison of parallel solvers for Moving Particle Semi-Implicit method
Authors: Duan Guangtao , Chen Bin 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to find the best solver for parallelizing particle methods based on solving Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) by taking Moving Particle Semi-Implicit (MPS) method as an example because the solution for PPE is usually the most time-consuming part difficult to parallelize.Design/methodology/approach– To find the best solver, the authors compare six Krylov solvers, namely, Conjugate Gradient method (CG), Scaled Conjugate Gradient method (SCG), Bi-Conjugate Gradient Stabilized (BiCGStab) method, Conjugate Gradient Squared (CGS) method with Symmetric Lanczos Algorithm (SLA) method and Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient method (ICCG) in terms of convergence, time consumption, parallel efficiency and memory consumption for the semi-implicit particle method. The MPS method is parallelized by the hybrid Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP)/Message Passing Interface (MPI) model. The dam-break flow and channel flow simulations are used to evaluate the performance of different solvers.Findings– It is found that CG converges stably, runs fastest in the serial way, uses the least memory and has highest OpenMP parallel efficiency, but its MPI parallel efficiency is lower than SLA because SLA requires less synchronization than CG.Originality/value– With all these criteria considered and weighed, the recommended parallel solver for the MPS method is CG.
A generalized XFEM procedure for analyzing intersecting joints in rock masses with excavation
Authors: Deb Debasis , Pramanik Ranjan , Das Kamal Ch 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse of structures made in rock mass with multiple intersecting discrete discontinuities such as joint, fault, shear plane.Design/methodology/approach– In this study, a numerical method is proposed for analyzing multiple intersecting joints with varying dip angles, spacing and roughness in eXtended Finite Element Method platform. A procedure is also outlined to treat excavated enhanced (jointed) elements for analysing the effect of excavation sequences.Findings– The proposed method is compared with the existing interface element methods (Phase-2 model) by considering the stress and displacement distributions of a multiple intersecting jointed rock sample under uniaxial loading conditions. A circular tunnel in rock mass having intersecting joints is also analyzed for the distribution of mobilised friction angle of joints and results are compared with a derived analytical solution.Research limitations/implications– Nucleation and propagation of cracks should be incorporated into the proposed framework in future studies.Practical implications– The proposed method is a useful tool for rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering problems to analyse strength and deformability of jointed rock masses.Originality/value– The paper enumerates concepts and detail implementation procedures of the proposed method in three-noded triangular elements. The intersection of joints is formulated in such a way that no additional (junction) enrichment is required in model. The method has been improved for inclusion of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions to be applied in the enhanced part of a problem domain.