bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phoenician cities: a case-study of Hellenisation
Authors: Millar Fergus 
Published: April 2013

When Alexander was civilising Asia, Homer was commonly read, and the children of the Persians, of the Susianians and of the Gedrosians learned to chant the tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides. And although Socrates, when tried on a charge of introducing foreign deities, lost his cause to the informers who infested Athens, yet through Alexander Bactria and the Caucasus learned to revere the gods of the Greeks. Plato wrote a work on the one ideal constitution, but because of its forbidding character he could not persuade anyone to adopt it; but Alexander established more than seventy cities among savage tribes and sowed all Asia with Grecian magistracies, and thus overcame its uncivilised and brutish manner of living.These familiar words of Plutarch (Mor.328 D-E, Loeb) begin to seem not quite as foolish as they did, in the light of modern discoveries in Ai Khanum and Kandahar. They may thus serve to raise some larger questions. Firstly, it is curious how Plutarch concentrates on remote central Asian areas which were no longer Hellenised in any obvious sense in his own day. Secondly he emphasises, as we would expect, the creation of new cities with Greek constitutions. Here we might well turn to a neglected passage of his older contemporary, Josephus, concluding his account of the tower of Babel (Ant.1. 121).
Catullus 61.109–13 (again)
Authors: Harrison S. J. 
Published: April 2013

quae tuo ueniunt ero,quanta gaudia, quae uaga 110nocte, quae medio diegaudeat! sed abit dies:prodeas noua nupta.In these lines, addressed by the poet to the wedding-couch of Junia and Manlius, a difficulty presents itself: uaga nocte does not cohere with medio die, since the epithets characterizing this polar pair of nouns belong to different categories. This was pointed out by R. G. M. Nisbet (PCPS n.s. 24 (1978)99) who saw medio die as the culprit on three grounds: (i) the incoherence of the pair of epithets, (ii) the inappropriateness of a reference to ‘sex in the afternoon’ in an epithalamium and (iii) the pointless repetition of dies in 112 after die in 111. As a solution he suggested emerito for medio, ‘when the day has done its service’, repeating the essential sense of uaga nocte (another reference to night rather than a change to day) but with a contrasting nuance of epithet: uaga would suggest the vagabond flightiness of night, emerito the solid service of the sun during the day. In a reply to Nisbet (PCPS 25 (1979) 69-70), Roland Mayer answered (i) by asserting the principle of an ‘illogical doublet’ (the incoherence between epithets is real but acceptable), regarded (ii) as mistaken and did not deal with (iii). More, I think, remains to be said, and elements of both these views may contribute to a different solution.
Horace on good manners
Authors: Mayer Roland 
Published: April 2013

This essay aims to discover and to illustrate one of the leading themes of Horace's first book of Epistles. This theme, good manners, despite its importance, is nonetheless neglected, or at any rate huddled up within the general praise of Horace's tact. Tact there certainly is, and we shall watch it in operation. But the poet would be setting aside that uerecundia which his patron praised (Epist. 1.7.37) if he were merely blowing his own trumpet. The display of tact and good manners perhaps serves other ends, and the suggestion of reasons for this choice of theme will form the substance of my remarks.Some preparation of the ground is necessary. This essay completes an argument begun in an article entitled ‘Horace's Epistles I and philosophy’ which will appear in the American Journal of Philology for 1985. In order that this essay may be fairly complete in itself it will be useful to set out very briefly the considerations which induced me to look more closely at good manners. To do this most compendiously, I shall offer some quotations from E. C. Wickham's English commentary on the first epistle and explain why they appear unsatisfactory. Wickham is not chosen as a whipping-boy for any other reason than that he neatly expresses a common view; in all respects he is a serious and helpful student of the poems.
At home and abroad: aspects of the structure of the Odyssey
Authors: Rutherford R. B. 
Published: April 2013

It remains an open question what sort of structure, or what kind and degree of unity, the reader may legitimately expect to find in the Homeric epics, or in oral poetry in general. More specifically, when critics identify long-range correspondences, symmetrical patterns and precise correlation of speeches, scenes, similes and events, they are often confronted with considerable scepticism. Here it may be that excessively schematic attempts, such as those of the late Cedric Whitman, have shown such patent weaknesses that the whole approach has fallen into undeserved disrepute. Yet it is not unreasonable to suppose that any story-teller, oral or literate, improvising or premeditating, should desire and be able to connect his ending with his beginning, to develop themes in a recognisable and coherent sequence, and to draw attention to related scenes by direct repetition or allusive resemblances. Homeric scholarship has not been blind to such considerations, but they have yet, I think, to be systematically and sensitively applied. Much remains to be done, especially perhaps for theOdyssey.In this paper I intend principally to argue that there is a significant resemblance (embracing equally important differences) between the finale ofOdyssey8 together with the opening of book 9, and the finale of book 21 and opening of 22. The situation in the later scene is modified, indeed reversed and distorted; the earlier scene presents the norm, the later scene the unusual and extraordinary; and these differences are stressed in such a way as to reinforce the development of major themes which run through the poem: themes such as hospitality, feasting, self-revelation, and the hero's status as both man of action and poet.
Livia and the womanhood of Rome
Authors: Purcell Nicholas 
Published: April 2013

See how Fortune has raised you high, and commanded you to occupy a place of great honour; so, Livia, bear up that load. You draw our eyes and ears to you, we notice all your actions, and the word of aprinceps, once spoken, cannot be concealed. Stay upright, rise above your woes, keep your spirit unbroken – in so far as you can. Our search for models of virtue, certainly, will be better when you take on the rôle of first lady (Romana princeps).These words were written by a Romanequesjust after he had taken part in the funeral of Livia's son Drusus in 9 B.C.; they derive from a poem known conventionally as theEpicedion DrusiorConsolatio ad Liviam. Drusus, consul in that year, had died of an illness on campaign east of the Rhine; for his successes against the Germans he had been about to receive various honours at Rome, including a triumph. Among these one of the more outstanding was the banquet for the principal women of the city which his mother and step-sister (Julia, Augustus' daughter by Livia) were to give in his honour; a celebration which they had previously organized for Drusus' brother Tiberius, to commemorate the pacification of Pannonia.
Topography in the Timaeus: Plato and Augustine on mankind's place in the natural world
Authors: Osborne Catherine 
Published: April 2013

In this paper I shall be considering the relationship between the shape or structure of the world and the moral position occupied by human beings, particularly with regard to man's attitude towards and use of the natural resources of the material world he inhabits.1. The shape of the worldThere are two basic spatial metaphors that we frequently use in analysing notions of value and morality: one is the scale of up and down, with high and low or top and bottom as alternative ways of referring to the same type of hierarchy; the other is the notion of a centre, the bull's eye: if we are self-centred we value ourselves more highly than other things; if we have an anthropocentric view we value humanity above other animals. Thus we usually suppose that we put whatever we value most highly (on the one set of metaphors) at ‘the centre of things’ (on the other set).
Villages, land and population in Graeco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Rathbone D. W. 
Published: April 2013

The aim of this paper, which is what scientists would call a ‘working paper’, is to provide some orientation and ideas for future research on the level and distribution of population in Graeco-Roman Egypt. A traditional concern of historians has been to fix the size of the total population. On the shaky basis of an incidental figure in Josephus and a doctored passage of Diodorus Siculus, this is conventionally pitched, for the most prosperous periods of Ptolemaic and Roman domination, in the range of 8 to 10 million. In section 1 of this paper I discuss the literary sources at some length, not because of their value but in the hope of ending misleading citation of them. In the more positive section 2 I use general considerations and what documentary evidence we have to argue instead for a population in the Graeco-Roman period of from around 3 million to a maximum of 5 million.Such vague total estimates, however, are of limited value. They serve as an introduction to and as parameters for the more historically interesting questions of relative increases and decreases over time, and of the density and distribution of population in relation to other socio-economic factors such as the quantity and type of land under cultivation, the prevailing agricultural regime, the scale of urbanisation, elite exploitation through taxes and rents, and the standard of living of the rural population.
The Mutiny of Conon's Cypriot Mercenaries
Authors: Bruce I. A. F. 
Published: April 2013

Hellenica Oxyrhynchia 15 provides a detailed account of a mutiny of Cypriot soldiers serving under Conon in 395 B.C., our only other record of the event being a brief statement by Justin. The question which prompts this paper arises from some lacunae in 15, 4 and concerns the activity of the mutineers, where they went, or proposed to go, and for what purpose.All Conon's troops had been deprived of their pay for many months, no unusual experience for those in the service of Persian kings, and accordingly Conon had sailed from Rhodes to Caunus and from Caunus had gone to visit Pharnabazus and Tithraustes to discuss the financial situation. Some of the Cypriot soldiers had been among those who accompanied Conon to Caunus and while awaiting his return were persuaded by some unspecified persons that pay was only to be provided for the rowers and marines and not for themselves.
The Dorian Invasion
Authors: Cook R. M. 
Published: April 2013

The Orthodox TheoryThe orthodox theory about the Dorian invasion and the Ionian migration is that the Dorians broke into the Peloponnese and destroyed the Mycenaean castles—a destruction, incidentally, that is not mentioned in the ancient tradition—and that the Ionians (or the people who became the Ionians) took refuge in Attica and after an interval moved on to Ionia; this interval is generally put at sixty years by the ancient chroniclers, though not apparently by Thucydides (1, 12, 4), and at from 125 to 200 years by modern archaeologists. The interval by itself makes this theory improbable. Could Attica have supported many refugees for sixty or more years, particularly if (as the pre-historians assert) the Late Mycenaean period was one of high population? And if they could have been supported, would they not have been absorbed into the Attic community, so that the migration would have been essentially Attic and not ‘Ionian’? There are, besides, die Ionian traditions that by-pass Attica.
An Early Tragedy on the Fall of Croesus?
Authors: Page D. L. 
Published: April 2013

In Hesperia, XXIV (1955), 305–19 (with plate 85) Sir John Beazley published five fragments of a hydria from Corinth dated ‘between 480 and 450, and in all probability between 470 and 460 or 450’.Fragment A represents the upper part of a man in oriental dress, with both arms bent at the elbow, forearms raised, apparently supporting the body by grasping two vertical staves, one on each side. The lower part of his body is concealed by the upper part of a pyre consisting of courses of logs laid alternately lengthwise and head-on. ‘The pyre is alight: flames are shown in red.’ Partly concealed by the man's uplifted left arm are the hand and wrist, outstretched horizontally, of a second Oriental (the cuff of his sleeve is visible); this second Oriental is evidently helping the first (who is helping himself by means of the staves) to rise from the blazing pyre.
“Heimischwerden Deutscher Art und Sitte” Power, Gender, and Diaspora in the Colonial Contest
Authors: Bischoff Eva 
Published: April 2013

In 1909, in a public lecture on German colonial politics, author and colonial activist Clara Brockmann emphasised the crucial role of female emigration to the colonies of the Kaiserreich (German empire). With special reference to German Southwest Africa, she argued:The immigration of the German woman in our colony is much talked about and much is done for it. The aim is quite obvious: the prevention of mixed marriages, which are the mental and economic ruin of the settler, the achievement of a profitable farm business, which cannot be fully developed without the assistance of the housewife, and the establishment of German manners and mores, of German family life, which is created foremost by the presence of the woman.Brockmann was one of many women who were committed to “the colonial cause” during the Kaiserreich. Most of these activists were organised in the Frauenbund der Deutschen Kolonialgesellschaft (Women's League of the German Colonial Society). Its central aim was to support and organise the emigration of German women to the colonies of the German Empire. This paper takes a closer look at the rhetoric and politics of the Frauenbund, its claims for the decisive role women were to play in the colonial project, its emigration scheme, organised to provide German settlers with racially “appropriate” wives, and its underlying assumption that Germanness itself was under threat in colonial space. The Kaiserreich's female colonial activists have been the object of numerous studies so far. None of these studies, however, reflects on the issue within the larger context of nineteenth-century global white mass migration or white diasporic movements as described, for instance, by Jürgen Osterhammel.
Linking abuse and recovery through advocacy: an observational study
Authors: Trevillion K. , Byford S. , Cary M. , Rose D. , Oram S. , Feder G. , Agnew-Davies R. , Howard L. M. 
Published: April 2013

Aims.High numbers of psychiatric service users experience domestic violence, yet limited interventions exist for these victims. We piloted a domestic violence intervention for community mental health services to explore the feasibility of a future cluster randomized controlled trial.Methods.Quasi-experimental controlled design within five Community Mental Health Teams (three intervention and two control teams). The intervention comprised domestic violence training for clinicians' and referral to domestic violence advocacy for service users. Clinicians' (n = 29) domestic violence knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were assessed before and 6 months post-training. Service users' (n = 34) safety behaviours, unmet needs, quality of life and frequency/severity of abuse were examined at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Process evaluation data were also collected.Results.Clinicians receiving the intervention reported significant improvements in domestic violence knowledge, attitudes and behaviours at follow-up (p < 0.05). Service users receiving the intervention reported significant reductions in violence (p < 0.001) and unmet needs at follow-up (p < 0.05).Conclusions.Interventions comprising domestic violence training for clinicians and referral to domestic violence advocacy may improve responses of psychiatric services. Low rates of identification among teams not receiving training suggest that future trials using service user outcomes are unlikely to be feasible. Therefore, other methods of evaluation are needed.
Engineering recombinant reoviruses with tandem repeats and a tetravirus 2A-like element for exogenous polypeptide expression
Authors: Demidenko Aleksander A. , Blattman Joseph N. , Blattman Negin N. , Greenberg Philip D. , Nibert Max L. 
Published: April 2013

Significance
Recombinant reoviruses that can propagate autonomously while expressing exogenous polypeptides over multiple growth cycles have proven difficult to generate but seem plausible to try to develop as potential vaccine vectors. Here we report a strategy for engineering such reoviruses that express portions of the simian immunodeficiency virus Gag protein. The strategy has been applied so far to 3 of the 10 reovirus genome segments and can also be used to map the terminal regions required for segment packaging. Gag-specific T-cell responses induced in mice by one of these recombinant reoviruses support their potential utility as vectors for immunogen expression.
Central role of liver in anticancer and radioprotective activities of Toll-like receptor 5 agonist
Authors: Burdelya Lyudmila G. , Brackett Craig M. , Kojouharov Bojidar , Gitlin Ilya I. , Leonova Katerina I. , Gleiberman Anatoli S. , Aygun-Sunar Semra , Veith Jean , Johnson Christopher , Haderski Gary J. , Stanhope-Baker Patricia , Allamaneni Shyam , Skitzki Joseph , Zeng Ming , Martsen Elena , Medvedev Alexander , Scheblyakov Dmitry , Artemicheva Nataliya M. , Logunov Denis Y. , Gintsburg Alexander L. , Naroditsky Boris S. , Makarov Sergei S. , Gudkov Andrei V. 
Published: April 2013

SignificanceToll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is an innate immunity receptor that specifically recognizes and triggers immune response to bacterial flagellins. In addition to resistance toSalmonellainfection, TLR5 agonists protect mammals from radiation and have anticancer effects, including suppression of tumor metastases. Using mouse models, we defined the liver as a major target for TLR5 agonists. Administration of pharmacologically optimized flagellin derivative CBLB502 leads to rapid activation of prosurvival nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and STAT3 pathways in the liver and rescues mice from lethal doses of hepatotoxic Fas-agonistic antibodies. Thus, TLR5 agonists can be considered for treatment and prevention of liver metastasis and hepatoprotective applications.
Parametrization of general seismic potency and moment tensors for source inversion of seismic waveform data
Authors: Zhu Lupei , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe decompose a general seismic potency tensor into isotropic tensor, double-couple tensor and compensated linear vector dipole using the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the full tensor. Two dimensionless parameters are used to quantify the size of the isotropic and compensated linear vector dipole components. The parameters have well-defined finite ranges and are suited for non-linear inversions of source tensors from seismic waveform data. The decomposition and parametrization for the potency tensor are used to obtain corresponding results for a general seismic moment tensor. The relations between different parameters of the potency and moment tensors in isotropic media are derived. We also discuss appropriate specification of the relative size of different source components in inversions of seismic data.
Empowering the poor with right to information and library services
Authors: Jain Vivekanand , Saraf Sanjiv 
Published: April 2013

PurposeInformation is playing a vital role in modern socio‐economic developments. The poor homeless citizens of special needs are also empowered with the Right to Information Act 2005 in India. People can ask to the government policies for eradication of poverty. Information literacy regarding various rights may change the scenario of society. In India, government started various ICT‐based policies for eradication of poverty with public private partnership. Some important projects are: Akshaya, Anand, Bhoomi, E‐chaupal, E‐Seva, Gramdoot, N‐Logue, India Agriland, Janmitra, etc. but actually real needy people are not aware about these policies, so they are not able to get the benefit of these policies. Thus, right to information and libraries can create an environment of information literacy among poor people, so that they may know their rights and improve their living standard. They may also know the details of government initiatives for the welfare of the society. After taking the benefits of policies they will be a well‐informed citizen. Indian Government initiatives like right to food scheme or midday meal scheme for schoolchildren, right to education, right to information and role of libraries are discussed in detail.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a case study of Indian Government policies and role of non‐governmental organizations for eradication of poverty through information and communication technology applications.FindingsInternet, libraries and other social media are empowering the users with information. International and national organisations are taking care of basic human rights. It is the real democracy, if we implement right to information effectively. Only free flow of information can reduce the digital divide/information divide among the citizens. Now there are a number of national and international laws related to right to information, so there is a need to apply them effectively for the benefit of the poor human beings and make them well‐informed, self‐dependent, respectable citizens.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is based on a review of literature and evaluation of policies in India.Practical implicationsThere is a need to develop the public library system with extension service to poor and homeless people.Social implicationsThere is a need for emphasis on an information literacy programme for the poor.Originality/valueIt is the authors' opinion with original thoughts.