bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex utero intrapartum treatment for an infant with cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome
Authors: Ogasawara Kei , Honda Yoshinobu , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a rare disorder characterized by multiple rib abnormalities, micrognathia described as Pierre–Robin sequence, and cerebral involvement. Appropriate management of respiratory distress immediately after birth is crucial to rescue these patients. A boy, having a mother with Pierre–Robin sequence and a sister with CCMS, was diagnosed prenatally with CCMS and successfully treated with ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) at 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. EXIT would be an effective option for rescuing patients with prenatally diagnosed CCMS and preventing neonatal hypoxia.
Streptococcus pulmonary empyema after varicella infection in a serologically immunocompetent boy
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Nagumo Kiyoshi , Sasaki Daisuke , Aoyagi Hayato , Kato Hiroaki , Narita Yoshiaki , Tamura Takuya , Kosugiyama Kiyotaka , Nakashima Taiji , Kinugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is the etiologic agent of varicella, and it remains common among children in Japan due to low vaccination rates. It can cause a variety of serious and life‐threatening complications. Generally, the most frequent complication of varicella in healthy children is bacterial superinfection, but empyema after VZV infection is a rare condition. This case report describes a previously healthy 21‐month‐old boy who attended nursery school with a recent varicella and group A β‐hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngitis outbreak and who presented with a 7 day history of vesicular rash along with progressive fever. Due to continued mild cough and prolonged fever, however, chest radiography was done, which showed a right pleural effusion. Further computed tomography showed a right pulmonary empyema, and purulent material was drained and eventually grew GABHS. This report hereby describes the development of pleural empyema caused by GABHS after VZV infection in a serologically immunocompetent patient.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a girl with Wilson's disease
Authors: Maeda Sayaka , Matsubara Hiroshi , Hiejima Eitaro , Tanaka Atsushi , Okada Masayuki , Kato Itaru , Umeda Katsutsugu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Watanabe Ken‐ichiro , Heike Toshio , Adachi Souichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive defect in cellular copper transportation. Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood malignancy, only two cases of ALL associated with WD have been reported to date. One patient died of relapse and infection, and the other died of neutropenic sepsis during the treatment. We here describe the case of a 10‐year‐old girl with WD and ALL. Adverse events of chemotherapy, including liver toxicity and severe myelosuppression, necessitated adjustments in the chemotherapy doses. After completion of the treatment, the patient has remained in remission from ALL without progression of liver damage for 2 years. Severe treatment‐related toxicity should be considered in chemotherapy for patients with WD.
Carbamazepine–imatinib interaction in a child with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Taguchi Kazuaki , Kouroki Masahiko , Ohmura Takafumi , Jono Hirofumi , Endo Fumio , Saito Hideyuki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractImatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the frontline therapeutic agent used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and its therapeutic efficacy is associated with trough concentrations. Therefore, monitoring imatinib trough concentrations is strongly recommended for successful treatment of CML patients. It has been recently shown that some drugs altered imatinib plasma levels in adult patients. However, drug interactions with imatinib in children are still unknown. Here, we report a case of a 12‐year‐old child with epilepsy who was also diagnosed with CML and given imatinib in addition to an enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drug, carbamazepine. Compared to population kinetics data, the data obtained for the patient showed a significant decrease of imatinib plasma concentrations. Our findings suggest that monitoring imatinib plasma concentrations in children receiving enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs is needed to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of imatinib.
Case of Desbuquois dysplasia type 1: Potentially lethal skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Inoue Shinkai , Ishii Atsushi , Shirotani Goro , Tsutsumi Makoto , Ohta Eiji , Nakamura Masatoshi , Mori Toshiko , Inoue Takahito , Nishimura Gen , Ogawa Atsushi , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report a boy with Desbuquois dysplasia type 1. He had the typical skeletal changes: a “Swedish key” appearance of the proximal femora; advanced carpal ossification and other distinctive features of the hand, including an extra‐ossification center at the base of the proximal phalanx of the index and middle fingers; dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger; and bifid distal phalanx of the thumb. In addition, he presented with very severe prenatal growth failure, respiratory distress as a neonate, subsequent failure to thrive and susceptibility to airway infection, and sudden death in early childhood. Molecular analysis identified homozygous 1 bp deletion in the Calcium‐Activated Nucleotidase 1 gene (CANT1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Desbuquois dysplasia type 1 in Japan. Our experience suggests potential lethality in the disorder.
Facial palsy as an unusual presenting symptom associated with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kubota Kazuo , Ozeki Michio , Hori Tomohiro , Kanda Kaori , Funato Michinori , Asano Takahiko , Fukao Toshiyuki , Kondo Naomi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExtramedullary infiltration is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Although AML can cause neurological symptoms, especially when associated with extramedullary infiltration, a presenting manifestation of facial palsy is rare. We report on a 1‐year‐old boy who developed right facial palsy. Detailed examination led to a diagnosis of AML (French–American–British classification M1). Magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine penta‐acetic acid showed abnormal enhancement of the right facial nerve, which disappeared after chemotherapy. AML should be considered as a differential diagnosis of facial palsy. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may be useful for diagnosing facial palsy associated with AML and for evaluating treatment outcome.
Current human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 mother‐to‐child transmission prevention status in Kagoshima
Authors: Nerome Yasuhito , Kojyo Kanami , Ninomiya Yumiko , Ishikawa Tamayo , Ogiso Ayano , Takei Syuji , Kawano Yoshifumi , Douchi Tsutomu , Takezaki Toshiro , Owaki Tetsuhiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the current human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐I) mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) prevention system in Kagoshima Prefecture. We investigated the rate of carrier pregnant women from obstetrics facilities in Kagoshima by mail in 2012 and compared our results with previous study results. We interviewed carrier pregnant women about their choices for infant nutrition, and we interviewed midwives about the follow‐up system. In 2012, 8719 screening tests were performed, covering 58.1% of all pregnant women in Kagoshima; the rate of carrier pregnant women was 1.3%. Of 59 carriers, 39 chose short‐term breast‐feeding. The HTLV‐I carrier rate among pregnant women in Kagoshima has declined. The current HTLV‐I MTCT prevention system in Kagoshima is effective, but not sufficient. To bring the nutrition methods to completion, various types of support are needed. Further studies will elucidate many unsolved problems concerning MTCT.
The “Europeanization” of the Basel process: Financial harmonization between globalization and parliamentarization
Authors: Greenwood Justin , Roederer‐Rynning Christilla 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPublic policy initiatives aimed at the prevention of future financial crises originate with global harmonization in the form of executive standards issued by theBaselCommittee onBankingSupervision. This article explores the role of theEuropeanParliament (EP) in the process of adapting the standards in European Union legislation passed in 2013 as theCapitalRequirementsRegulation/CapitalRequirementsDirectiveIV. Unlike accounts casting theEPas increasingly dependent upon outside sources in order to meet its enhanced legislative role, we find it increasingly dexterous in developing and using in‐house policy ideas, expertise, and not least a common sense of institutional purpose. NotableEPsuccesses in final legislation include (but are not restricted to) a headline cap on bankers' bonuses in the face of entrenched business and national interests. The argument is developed by drawing upon a broad range of interviews together with other primary and secondary sources, tracing the contribution of theEPfrom the early stages of agenda‐setting through to the development of an“esprit de corps”among the committee lead team which survived intact throughout the “black box” of trilogue negotiations. Besides illuminating the notoriously opaque trilogue process, the analysis also contributes to contemporary debates about whether theEP's increased legislative powers are resulting in a shift away from its traditional allegiances with diffuse interests toward a greater engagement with producer sources in order to fulfill requirements for policy expertise.
How Accurate Are We in Sending Patients to Angiography?
Authors: Neves Marta , Ponce Pedro , Maia Pedro , Neves Fernando ,   the Lisbon and Coimbra Vascular Access Center Interventional Nephrology Teams
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhysical examination (PE), and surveillance and monitoring techniques should be a core part of standard care provided to hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to define which referral criteria within a vascular access (VA) program were associated with indication for therapeutic endovascular intervention (EI). Retrospective study at two vascular centers, considering 1265 procedures between 1 November 2012 and 30 November 2013. All 617 arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and 648 arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) referred for angiography were enrolled. Each population was divided into two groups regarding absence (group 1) or presence (group 2) of a significant lesion on the angiogram, contemplating formal indication for EI. On multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with presence of a significant lesion in AVFs were referral due to increased dynamic venous pressure (p = 0.01), suspected stenosis by abnormal PE (p = 0.019), confirmed reduction in access flow rate (p = 0.003), and mean Kt/V < 1.4 (p = 0.004). In AVGs, although multivariate analysis did not find independent association of studied factors with presence of significant stenoses, 97.2% of the exams revealed relevant lesions previously suspected clinically. Aside from surveillance strategies, monitoring strategies including routine PE of the VA are imperative as an integral part of evaluation, especially in AVFs.
When Prejudice Is Popular: Implications for Discriminatory Behavior
Authors: Poteat V. Paul 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrejudice and popularity represent two major areas of research. Yet studies have not considered whether prejudiced adolescents actually can be popular. Among 572 high school students (Mage = 15.80 years), the current study tested the association between popularity (based on sociometric peer nominations) and sexual prejudice against gay and lesbian individuals, moderated by gender and perspective taking. As hypothesized, the association was significant for males but not females, and it was significant for adolescents lower on perspective taking but not those higher on perspective taking. Moreover, adolescents who were popular and expressed strong sexual prejudice were more likely to engage in homophobic behavior than prejudiced adolescents who were less popular. Popular adolescents with strong sexual prejudice beliefs may be more prone to use homophobic behavior as a way to maintain their dominant position. Similarly, prejudiced adolescents who are popular may face less pushback for their engagement in homophobic behavior. Continued attention to the connection between sexual prejudice and popularity is important because of the high status, influence, and visibility of popular adolescents.
Immunohematologic tolerance of chronic transfusion exchanges with erythrocytapheresis in sickle cell disease
Authors: Michot Jean‐Marie , Driss Françoise , Guitton Corinne , Moh Klaren Julia , Lefebvre François , Chamillard Xavier , Gallon Philippe , Fourn Erwan , Pela Alain M. , Tertian Gérard , Le Bras Philippe , Chantalat‐Auger Christelle , Delfraissy Jean‐François , Goujard Cécile , Lambotte Olivier 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) has become a major public health issue. Hydroxyurea and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion are the cornerstone treatments. Erythrocytapheresis (ECP) is an automated method for transfusion exchange. Given that ECP requires more blood than conventional transfusion, there is concern about alloimmunization and hemolytic transfusion reactions. We evaluate the incidence of hemolytic transfusion reactions and alloimmunization rates in patients receiving conventional blood transfusions and in patients participating in long‐term blood exchange programs with ECP.Study Design and MethodsAll hemolytic transfusion reactions and alloimmunizations in SCD patients were recorded over the period 2006 to 2011. Conventional transfusions and ECP were compared.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 188 SCD patients. The median (±SD) age was 23 (±14) years. The ECP and conventional transfusion groups comprised 49 and 139 patients, respectively. The prevalence of alloimmunization was 33% in the ECP group and 22% in the conventional transfusion group (p = 0.1797). The alloimmunization/RBC unit (RBCU) ratio was lower in the ECP group than in the conventional transfusion group (1.6 and 11.6 per 1000, respectively; p < 0.0001). Although patients in the ECP group received more than 10 times more RBCUs than patients in the conventional transfusion group (206 vs. 19 RBCUs per patient, respectively; p < 0.0001), none of the four recorded hemolytic transfusion reactions (n = 4) occurred.ConclusionRegarding alloimmunization, ECP exhibits a good immunohematologic safety profile relative to conventional transfusion in a large SCD mainly adult cohort.
Blood transfusion transmission of the tick‐borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in mice
Authors: Krause Peter J. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Steeves Tanner K. , Fish Durland 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundBorrelia miyamotoi, a recently discovered relapsing fever spirochete, occurs in hard‐bodied ticks wherever Lyme disease is endemic. Human infection is associated with relapsing fever and can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. A few cases of transfusion transmission of other relapsing fever spirochete species have been reported but none for B. miyamotoi. Our objective was to determine whether B. miyamotoi transfusion transmission could occur in a murine transfusion model. Herein, we report transfusion transmission of B. miyamotoi through fresh or stored red blood cells (RBCs) in a mouse model.Study Design and MethodsInbred mice were transfused with B. miyamotoi–infected murine blood that was either freshly collected or stored for 7 days before transfusion. Recipient blood was then longitudinally examined after transfusion by smear and wet mount for evidence of spirochetemia.ResultsMotile spirochetes were observed in immunocompromised (SCID) mouse recipients for 28 days after transfusion of both fresh and stored murine B. miyamotoi–infected RBCs. Transient spirochetemia was observed in immunocompetent DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice, with spirochete clearance occurring within 5 days after transfusion.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that transfusion transmission of B. miyamotoi can occur in mice and suggest that it also may occur in humans.
Differentiating between analytical and diagnostic performance evaluation with a focus on the method comparison study and identification of bias
Authors: Flatland Bente , Friedrichs Kristen R. , Klenner Stefanie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrior to introduction of a new method to the diagnostic laboratory, analytical performance must be validated to ensure operation within the manufacturer's specifications and/or within predetermined quality requirements. In addition, the new method may require diagnostic performance assessment to ensure it differentiates between diseased and nondiseased individuals as intended. These 2 phases of assessment, while complementary, are not equivalent and require a different set of experiments, statistical analyses, and interpretation. Studies of analytical performance typically include a method comparison experiment, the purpose of which is to identify bias (inaccuracy) of the “test” (or “index”) method (new method) relative to a “comparative method” (established method). Analysis of method comparison data is facilitated by commercial software programs that present the statistical significance of identified bias; however, the clinical relevance of any bias also should be considered. Studies of diagnostic performance should not be pursued until analytical performance is fully characterized and may not be required for well‐established tests or for those for which results are nonspecific (ie, not referable to a specific disease or condition). Diagnostic performance assessment may include assessment of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, odds ratios, and/or likelihood ratios. The purpose of this review is to clarify differences between the assessment of analytical and diagnostic performance, and to explore the method comparison study and bias assessment from a perspective not addressed in prior veterinary articles.
A method for avoiding overlap of left and right lungs in shape model guided segmentation of lungs in CT volumes
Authors: Gill Gurman , Bauer Christian , Beichel Reinhard R. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:The automated correct segmentation of left and right lungs is a nontrivial problem, because the tissue layer between both lungs can be quite thin. In the case of lung segmentation with left and right lung models, overlapping segmentations can occur. In this paper, the authors address this issue and propose a solution for a model‐based lung segmentation method.Methods:The thin tissue layer between left and right lungs is detected by means of a classification approach and utilized to selectively modify the cost function of the lung segmentation method. The approach was evaluated on a diverse set of 212 CT scans of normal and diseased lungs. Performance was assessed by utilizing an independent reference standard and by means of comparison to the standard segmentation method without overlap avoidance.Results:For cases where the standard approach produced overlapping segmentations, the proposed method significantly (p = 1.65 × 10−9) reduced the overlap by 97.13% on average (median: 99.96%). In addition, segmentation accuracy assessed with the Dice coefficient showed a statistically significant improvement (p = 7.5 × 10−5) and was 0.9845 ± 0.0111. For cases where the standard approach did not produce an overlap, performance of the proposed method was not found to be significantly different.Conclusions:The proposed method improves the quality of the lung segmentations, which is important for subsequent quantitative analysis steps.
Quantifying the effect of seed orientation in postplanning dosimetry of low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Collins Fekete Charles‐Antoine , Plamondon Mathieu , Martin André‐Guy , Vigneault Éric , Verhaegen Frank , Beaulieu Luc 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Radioactive seed orientations are usually ignored in clinical brachytherapy dosimetry for prostate implants. Associated with the anisotropic dose distribution of seeds, these orientations could cause dose differences between the planning configurations and the clinical postplanning dosimetry. This study will quantify the impact of seed orientation on the dosimetry.Methods:3D seed positions and θ and φ polar angles were obtained using five independent fluoroscopic images for 287 patients. Five dose calculation methods are compared: TG43‐1D (1), TG43‐2D parallel to implant axis (2) and with orientations (3), Monte Carlo (MC) simulations parallel (4), and MC simulations with orientations (5). geant4 v4.9.6 MC simulations were made in 1 mm3 voxelized geometries based on the DICOM‐RT information. Materials were assigned using thresholds based on the HU number, as recommended in TG186 reports. Seed voxels are overridden with prostatic materials and the layered mass geometry [Enger et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 57(19), 6269–6277 (2012)] allows subsequent placement of the source geometry. 500 million histories were used per patient. 3D dose and DVHs for each structure were calculated.Results:The various seed orientations do not result in statistically significant differences on the dose metrics for the clinical target volume (CTV) or the urethra, based on the Student t‐test p‐value. Difference as low as −0.238% and 0.059% has been seen on the CTV D90, respectively, for the MC and the TG43. The difference between parallel and oriented calculations for the organs at risk (OARs) can differ by 2% on average.Conclusions:Based on the results from this study, seed orientations have no significant impact of CTV and urethra dose metrics but can affect OARs that are external to the CTV.
Evaluation of slice sensitivity profiles for helical and axial 4D‐CT acquisitions on the Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore
Authors: Klahr Paul 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:4D‐CT can be performed using two acquisition modes. One employs a cine axial scan and the other acquires the data using a very low pitch helical acquisition. This study evaluates the longitudinal resolutions of each of these methods by creating slice sensitivity profiles (SSP).Methods:An SSP phantom was scanned using both axial and helical scanning modes. The phantom was scanned at the center of the field of view (FOV) and at several points offset from the FOV center. For helical scans, the pitch was varied from 0.04 to 0.2. With the axial scans, the phantom position relative to the center of the detector ring was varied. All of these were performed using a 16 × 1.5 mm collimation.Results:The SSP graphs were generated from these scanned datasets. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the graphs was used as the surrogate for longitudinal resolution. The results of these experiments demonstrated that axial scans have a slightly better resolution at CT isocenter (1.5 vs 1.8 mm). Helical mode scanning maintained this measurement for varying pitch factors and placement with the scan field. However, the resolution for axial scans degrades as the phantom is moved further from the center of the FOV and is positioned nearer to the edge of the detector rings.Conclusions:When it is imperative to maintain uniform longitudinal resolution throughout the FOV, it is suggested that helical acquisition be utilized or the axial mode data be reconstructed to account for beam divergence. For axial scans, this will require either limiting the longitudinal extent of each cine axial acquisition and/or using a smaller reconstructed FOV.