bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualification of flavonoids of three sorghum bran varieties by untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Santos Mariely Cristine Dos , Tanaka Naoki , Kasuga Shigemitu , Tanabe Kazuhiro , Hayashi Chihiro , Mizuno Masahiro , Amano Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sorghum bicolor is a source of many bioactive components, such as polyphenols. Those components are present especially in its bran, which is often removed in industrial processes through decortication. In that sense, this work aimed to analyze the polyphenol content, especially free flavonoids, from the bran of a newly developed variety compared to other commercially available varieties. The samples were white sorghum TDN® Sorgho, red sorghum Mini Sorgho, and the newly developed red sorghum RILN-156. First, the decortication was done to obtain the bran samples and those were triturated and then sieved. An untargeted metabolomics analysis (with LC/MS and CE/MS) was done to analyze the different components and identify the free flavonoids. For the general quantification analysis, instead of quantifying by target analysis, colorimetric methods were used to validate the metabolomics analysis. For this, the polyphenol content was extracted with 70% methanol. The antioxidant potential was also investigated using a DPPH assay. The results have shown that the flavonoid content was significant in these samples, especially in the newly developed RILN-156, with 19 flavonoids identified. RILN-156 also presented higher antioxidant capacity than the conventional varieties, a promising finding for its use to prevent chronic diseases, which will be further investigated.
Effects of biochar on the growth, physiology and heavy metal uptake of Trifolium pratense L. in Pb-contaminated soil
Authors: Mu Meiqi , Nie Wanting , Zhao Siwen , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Zicheng , Wu Yuchen , Zheng Lina , Wang Zhaoming , Cui Guowen , Yin Xiujie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biochar is an inexpensive and effective material that can immobilize heavy metals. However, the impact of varying levels of biochar application on red clover cultivated in soil contaminated with Pb remains unclear. In this study, five different doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%) were applied to soils containing two levels of Pb (LPb, 1000 mg/kg; HPb, 5000 mg/kg) to assess the growth, physiological characteristics, and heavy metal enrichment capacity of red clover. Pb stress dramatically slowed down plant development, decreased the amount of photosynthetic pigment, and caused oxidative damage, according to the results of pot tests. However, the addition of biochar mitigated Pb toxicity in red clover by effectively adsorbing Pb from soil and reducing Pb translocation to plant tissues. Specifically, red clover growth was significantly enhanced by the addition of 5% biochar to soil contaminated with either low- or high-level Pb. This resulted in an increase in plant biomass, stimulated the upregulation of LHCA1 and CCS genes, and facilitated the production of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, it increased antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing proline accumulation. This work offers a theoretical foundation for the remediation of Pb-contaminated soils using plants and biochar.
Use of a newly developed minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system in the treatment of pathological pelvic fractures: A case series
Authors: Unthan Mark , Marintschev Ivan , Spiegel Christian , Hofmann Gunther O. , Weschenfelder Wolfram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) and its complications have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Pathological fractures are a particular problem as they affect patient mobility and pose a high risk of non-union. The pelvis is frequently affected by MBD and its fixation is challenging. We present a case series of three pathological sacral fractures treated with a new minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system.
Case presentation
Case 1 and 2 suffered a pathological transforaminal sacral fracture without adequate trauma in stage 4 carcinomas (gastric cancer and breast cancer). Both were initially treated with non-surgical treatment, which had only a limited effect and led to imminent immobility. Both were operated on with fluoroscopic navigation and underwent transsacral SACRONAIL® stabilisation according to CT morphology (S1 + S2 and S1 respectively). Immediately after the operation, pain decreased and mobilisation improved.
Case 3 had a pathological transalar sacral fracture during the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He soon became immobile and could only move in a wheelchair. The operation was performed with CT navigation due to the very small corridors and an implant was inserted in S1 and S2. The patient reported immediate pain relief and his ability to walk improved over the following months. Despite continued chemotherapy, no wound complications occurred.
Conclusions
The cases show the advantages of the minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking system SACRONAIL® in the treatment of patients with pathological sacral fractures. It allows immediate full weight bearing and the risk of secondary surgical complications is low. All cases showed an improvement in pain scores and mobility.
Hepatotoxic effects of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) after short exposure on adult zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Oliveira Breno Raul Freitas , Neto José Ribamar Soares , Davico Carla Eliana , Moreira Daniele Hummel , Pinheiro Lucas Cezar , Pereira Aline Guimarães , Izídio Geison Souza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide widely used around the world. It has been detected in water samples, with a half-life ranging from 15 to 300 days depending on environmental conditions. This study aimed to assess the effects of short-term exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D on the liver of Danio rerio (zebrafish) through histopathological and histochemical analyses, as well as markers related to oxidative stress. The results revealed structural and vascular lesions in the livers of zebrafish across all groups exposed to 2,4-D (at concentrations of 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L). Analysis of the Histopathological Alteration Index suggests severe (3.0 mg/L) or moderate (0.03 and 0.3 mg/L) liver impairment in zebrafish exposed to 2,4-D. Exposure to the herbicide also led to a reduction in acid polysaccharides (0.03 and 3.0 mg/L) and glutathione (GSH) levels (at concentrations of 0.03 and 3.0 mg/L), and increased levels of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (at concentrations of 0.03 and 0.3 mg/L). No significant changes in lipid peroxidation levels were observed. These findings suggest that just 7 days of exposure to permissible concentrations of 2,4-D (0.03 mg/L) or higher (0.3 and 3.0 mg/L) can have a detrimental impact on biochemical, histochemical, and histopathological parameters in the liver of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
A solid composite electrolyte poly(PEGDA-co-AN)/ LiTFSI/nano SiO2 with high conductivity and high entropy structure and its Li+ transport behavior
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wu Xiao , Peng Shunjin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Using solid electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes to assemble all solid state batteries can effectively solve the problem of electrolyte leakage and reduce risks caused by lithium dendrite growth during charging and discharging processes, which is capable to improving the safety of lithium battery. Solid polymer electrolytes have been widely studied in consideration of the factors, such as flexible structural design, convenient preparation, low cost, good interface contact with electrodes, and ease of large-scale production. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymers have a good salvation for most lithium salts, but PEO segments in polymers have high crystallinity at room temperature and a narrow Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW), which will limit some advanced electrode materials with high potential used in batteries and restricts the improvement of battery performance as well. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with high dielectric constant has high electrochemical and thermal stability, good mechanical processing properties, and excellent fire retardancy. In this manuscript, a cross-linked copolymer, poly (PEGDA-co-AN) is prepared using Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and Acrylonitrile (AN) as monomers and 2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a thermal initiator; the influence of Lewis acid-base interaction between nano SiO2 additive and -C≡N or C-O-C on Li+ transport has been investigated, and a new idea was proposed to improve the lithium ion transport in poly (PEGDA-co-AN) based polymer composite electrolytes by adjusting the local charge environment of polymer electrolytes. Finally, a composite polymer electrolyte poly (PEGDA-co-AN)/LiTFSI/nano SiO2 with high entropy structure and high conductivity has been designed and fabricated, and it exhibits a room temperature ionic conductivity of 3.5×10−3 S cm−1, Li+ transference number of 0.58, and the electrochemical stability window greater than 5 V.
A Deep Sentiment Analysis Model Incorporating Multidimensional User Information
Authors: Su Yaning , Li Yuxiang , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Addressing the limitations of single-dimensional classification in traditional sentiment analysis and the lack of inter-task correlation between linear layers in multidimensional classification,this paper proposes a user sentiment analysis model based on multi-dimensional information fusion(MDIF-SAM). First,based on the TopicBERT topic classification model,a multi-dimensional information interaction fusion network is introduced to realize the double classification of user's comment information in category dimension and sentiment dimension, and the data of the same class-sentiment is aggregated to form a specific class-sentiment small sample text set after classification;then, keywords are extracted from the aggregated specific small sample text set, and the relevance of each keyword set is calculated and sorted to generate the main keyword set with no repetition and strong correlation,which achieves a deep analysis of user sentiment and enables merchants to gain insights into users' needs and feelings through the generated keyword set.Verified on two real open source datasets online-shopping and dmsc-v2, the accuracy of MDIF-SAM in category and sentiment classification is 92.23% and 95.23%, the precision is 93.22% and 94.92%, and the F1 value is 91.24%, and a recall of 90% and 94.9%, respectively. Compared with the four models BERT, TopicBERT, ALBERT and RoBERTa, the indicators are significantly improved, and the correlation between keywords extracted by MDIF-SAM and the original text is more than 82.5%. Based on the results of experimental comparisons of real-world cases,the proposed model can provide in-depth analysis and insight into user emotion.
Antioxidant activity and myco-chemical profiling of Campylospora parvula Kuzuha isolated from the roots of Rubus ellipticus
Authors: Pant Prabha , Kumar Parikshit , Sati Suresh Chandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are important sources of various bioactive natural compounds. Present work elucidates the antioxidant activity and chemical characterization of Campylospora parvula Kuzuha isolated from the roots of ethno medicinal plant Rubus ellipticus. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH, MCA and FRAP assays, total phenolic and flavonoid content by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Chemical profile of ethyl acetate extract was illustrated by using Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The ethyl acetate extract of C. parvula presents IC50, 47.75±3.6 µg/ml for DPPH, 53.36±2.6 µg/ml for MCA and 360.54±8.6 AAE/g dry extract for FRAP assay. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of Octanal, 2-(phenylmethylene)- (16.24%), 1-(4-Iopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl acetate (12.91%), Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester (11.85%) as major compounds. Findings of the present study are promising and keenly hopeful for further research on individual compound to assess their potential, especially in the pharmacology sector.
The interplay between exchange and microscopic kurtosis as measured by diffusion MRI with double diffusion encoding: Theory and simulations
Authors: Chakwizira Arthur , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Nilsson Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Double diffusion encoding (DDE) makes diffusion MRI sensitive to a wide range of microstructural features, and the acquired data can be analysed using different approaches. Correlation tensor imaging (CTI) uses DDE to resolve three components of the diffusional kurtosis: isotropic, anisotropic, and microscopic. The microscopic kurtosis is estimated from the contrast between single diffusion encoding (SDE) and parallel DDE signals at the same b-value. Another approach is multi-Gaussian exchange (MGE), which employs DDE to measure exchange. Sensitivity to exchange is obtained by contrasting SDE and DDE signals at the same b-value. CTI and MGE exploit the same signal contrast to quantify microscopic kurtosis and exchange, and this study investigates the interplay between these two quantities. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations in different geometries with varying levels of exchange and study the behaviour of the parameters from CTI and MGE. We conclude that microscopic kurtosis from CTI is sensitive to the exchange rate. In an attempt to separate microscopic kurtosis from exchange, we propose a heuristic signal representation referred to as µMGE (MGE incorporating microscopic kurtosis) that accounts for both effects, by exploiting the distinct signatures of exchange and microscopic kurtosis with varying mixing time: exchange causes a dependence of the signal on mixing time while microscopic kurtosis does not. We find that applying µMGE to data acquired with multiple mixing times for both parallel and orthogonal DDE allows estimation of exchange as well as all three sources of kurtosis.
Integration of Renewable Energy and Microgrid Systems to Enhance Voltage Quality and Minimize Harmonic Distortion Losses Using Advanced Control Techniques
Authors: Tabassum Saleha , Sandhyakumari G. , V Madhurima , Bharathi M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study explores integrating renewable energy sources into microgrid systems to improve voltage quality and reduce harmonic distortion losses using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller. Microgrids with renewables offer enhanced energy reliability and efficiency but face challenges like voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortions. Renewable sources like solar and wind introduce variability, impacting voltage stability and causing harmonic distortions in the grid. The ANFIS controller adapts to these dynamics by dynamically adjusting parameters, leveraging neural network adaptability and fuzzy logic's interpretability to manage nonlinear and uncertain behaviors typical of renewables. The research aims to optimize microgrid performance by mitigating voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortions through ANFIS. By improving operational stability and efficiency, this approach supports effective renewable energy integration into broader grid infrastructures. Through empirical analysis and simulations, the study provides insights into ANFIS's practical application in microgrid management, contributing to sustainable energy solutions and grid resilience.This research underscores the importance of ANFIS controllers in enhancing renewable energy integration within microgrid systems, offering actionable strategies for improving energy sustainability and reliability in modern power networks.
Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Zhen , Luo Haifen , Lv Jingqi , Wen Peiye , Zhang Shan , Ma Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Despite the tremendous therapeutic promise of activating stimulators of interferon genes (STING) enable to prime robust de novo T-cell responses, biomechanics-mediated immune inhibitory pathways hinder the cytotoxicity of T cells against tumor cells. Blocking cancer cell biomechanics-mediated evasion provides a feasible strategy for augmenting STING activation-mediated anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. Here, we fabricate a redox-responsive Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MeβCD)-based supramolecular polyrotaxanes (MSPs), where the amphiphilic diselenide-bridged axle polymer loads MeβCD by the host-guest interaction and end-caping with two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes IR783. The MSPs self-assemble with STING agonists diABZIs into nanoparticles (RDPNs@diABZIs), which enable simultaneous release of MeβCD and diABZIs in the redox tumor microenvironment. After the released diABZIs activate STING on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), de novo T-cell responses are initiated. Meanwhile, the released MeβCD depletes membrane cholesterol to overcome cancer-cell mechanical softness, which enhances the CTL-mediated killing of cancer cells. In the tumor-bearing mouse model, we demonstrate that RDPNs@diABZIs lead to effective tumor regression and generate long-term immunological memory. Furthermore, RDPNs@diABZIs can achieve complete tumor eradication in about 62.5% of mice, and they regained tumor-free survival of at least 2 months.
Dynamic economic dispatch problem in hybrid renewable based power systems using oppositional based chaotic honey badger algorithm
Authors: Mandal Barun , Roy Provas Kumar , Paul Chandan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this work, the chaotic honey badger algorithm (OCHBA) based on oppositional theory is used for the investigation of the wind-solar-electric vehicle (EV)-thermal based dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem. The co-generation of solar, wind and battery storage units is optimised by the suggested approach. A constrained nonlin-ear optimization problem with discrete and continuous variables that is non-convex on a large scale is used to simulate the DED. A more reliable and efficient DED algorithm is required for direct power system operators’ decision-making. In order to minimise generation costs and simultaneously meet different load needs, DED calculates the amount of electrical power that committed units in a power system will generate. The development, testing and comparison utilising the 10-unit and 15-unit benchmark systems show the viability and efficacy of the suggested approach. Moreover, the results demonstrate the potential of the suggested method as well as its reliability and efficacy in resolving the DED issue for the systems under consideration. The results of the proposed approach methodology is compared with several methods that have been published most recently and the suggested OCHBA approach is used in multiple test systems with complex solution spaces in order to demonstrate its effectiveness and benefits. The suggested approach’s functionality and performance are contrasted with the traditional techniques. The algorithm’s dependability and ease of implementation, even on highly complicated and non-convex situations, are demonstrated by its excellent results.
Carbon Sinks and Carbon Emissions Discrepancies at Fine Scale for Mega Cities in China
Authors: Wang Lixing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Assessing discrepancies between carbon sinks and emissions at the urban scale is crucial for evaluating progress toward carbon neutrality in Chinese cities. Here we developed an integrated model to conduct a high-resolution (250-m, monthly) assessment of carbon emissions and sinks in three mega Chinese city clusters: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Our results precisely depicted the seasonal patterns of net carbon emissions (NCE, defined as the difference between carbon emissions and sinks) and various urban carbon dynamics, such as urban villages, industrial zones, green parks. Nearly half of the 48 cities exhibited NCE exceeding 1000 gC∙m−2∙a−1, while only 5 cities function as carbon sinks. The percentage of carbon sinks to emissions in three city clusters ranged from 13–32%, highlighting a significant gap toward achieving carbon neutrality. Our model provides superior resolution and intricate spatial details, offering valuable insights for urban afforestation and emission mitigation policies.
Analysis of the Ecological Toxicity of Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Microbial Pollution and their combined effects, in the Running Surface Water of Jhal Magsi, Pakistan
Authors: Mustafa Safia , Kakar Attiq Ur Rehman , Malik Yasmeen , Khan Naqeebullah , Samad Abdul , Samiullah  
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Monitoring water quality is highly important for ensuring clean drinking water and protection of aquatic environments. The aim of the current study was to estimate the quality of running water sources from the district of Jhal Magsi. This study focused on evaluating the effects of low biodegradability, the accumulation of heavy metals and organics, and the presence of these compounds on water quality. The concentrations of herbicides (DDT (2,4 D) and Cyanazine) and insecticides (chlorpyrifos, Aldrin and Dieldrin) were determined via gas chromatography, and the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) and trace elements (Zn and Mn) were detected via an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Identification of E. coli and P. aeruginosa was performed by Gram staining and biochemical tests. DDT (2,4 D), Cyanazine, Chlorpyrifos, and Aldrin & Dieldrin were detected at 0.9 ± 0.058, 0.08 ± 0.006, 1.01 ± 0.577 and 1.1 ± 0.577 mg/L, respectively; these values are higher than the WHO safety limits. The heavy metals Pb and Cd were detected in all the samples, and the highest range for Pb was 2.03 ± 0.577 mg/L, while that for Cd was 0.48 ± 0.058 mg/L. The highest concentrations of the trace elements Zn and Mn were detected, and the WHO recommended safe limits were 0.305 ± 0.058 and 0.99 ± 0.058 mg/L, respectively. E. coli and P. aeruginosa were identified with percentages of 51.51 and 48.48%, respectively. The presence of higher concentrations of pesticides and heavy metals and their synergistic effect indicate a risk for both human health and aquatic organisms. Therefore, continuous monitoring of heavy metals and pesticides is necessary in the water reservoirs of Jhal Magsi to ensure drink safety. Bacterial assessment can aid in accepting bioremediation processes in water.
Biochemical composition of seeds from different pea varieties
Authors: Molodchenkova O. O. , Koblai S. V. , Tykhonov P. S. , Bezkrovna L. Ya. , Ryshchakova O. V. , Levitsky Yu. A. , Untilova I. A. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To study the biochemical parameters characterising seed quality in pea varieties of different morphotypes for the selection of genotypes with improved nutritional properties. Methods. Seeds of 37 different morphotypes [leafy, leafless, heterophillous (chameleon)] of domestic and foreign pea varieties were studied. Standard and laboratory developed methods of biochemical analysis of plants (Kjeldahl method, spectrophotometric methods, electrophoresis) were used. The statistical analysis of the research results was carried out using the software LibreOffice Calc (GNU Lesser General Public License v3) and the image analysis software Imagel. Results. The presence of varietal differences in the biochemical parameters studied related to seed quality (protein content, flavonoids, lipoxygenase activity, trypsin inhibitor, lectins), the content of the main fractions of the protein complex (legumin and vicilin) and their ratio in seeds of different morphotypes was established. The electrophoretic and amino acid analyses revealed varietal differences (in the relative content of certain protein components in the electropherogram, the presence/absence of some components in the electrophoretic spectra of vicilin and legumin, and their amino acid composition) that affect the nutritional value of pea seeds. Conclusions. The application of the biochemical criteria studied makes it possible to select varieties of food peas with specific technological parameters.