bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of natural gas demand in Ghana
Authors: Ackah Ishmael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe study investigates the effect of economic and non‐economic factors on natural gas demand in Ghana at the aggregate and disaggregates levels. The structural time series model is employed as it has the ability of capturing exogenous non‐economic factors. The findings suggest that both economic and non‐economic factors influence natural gas demand. It further reveal that different sectors respond differently to these factors. The study recommends that policies such as natural gas price subsidies should be customised for different sectors to obtain optimal results.
A new genus of mantidflies discovered in the Oriental region, with a higher‐level phylogeny of Mantispidae (Neuroptera) using DNA sequences and morphology
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , WINTERTON SHAUN L. , WU CHAO , PIPER ROSS , OHL MICHAEL 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA remarkable new genus and two new species of Mantispidae (Neuroptera) are described from the Oriental region. Allomantispa Liu, Wu, Winterton & Ohl gen.n., currently including A. tibetana Liu, Wu & Winterton sp.n. and A. mirimaculata Liu & Ohl sp.n. The new genus is placed in the subfamily Drepanicinae based on a series of morphological characteristics and on the results of total evidence phylogenetic analyses. Bayesian and Parsimony analyses were undertaken using three gene loci (CAD, 16S rDNA and COI) combined with 74 morphological characters from living and fossil exemplars of Mantispidae (17 genera), Rhachiberothidae (two genera) and Berothidae (five genera), with outgroup taxa from Dilaridae and Osmylidae. The resultant phylogeny presented here recovered a monophyletic Mantispidae with †Mesomantispinae sister to the rest of the family. Relationships among Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae and Berothidae support Rhachiberothidae as a separate family sister to Mantispidae. Within Mantispidae, Drepanicinae are a monophyletic clade sister to Calomantispinae and Mantispinae. In a combined analysis, Allomantispa gen.n. was recovered in a clade comprising Ditaxis McLachlan from Australia, and two fossil genera from the Palaearctic, †Promantispa Panfilov (Kazakhstan; late Jurassic) and †Liassochrysa Ansorge & Schlüter (Germany; Jurassic), suggesting a highly disjunct and relictual distribution for the family.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:464B06E8‐47E6‐482E‐8136‐83FE3B2E9D6B.
Identifying the effect of density dependence, agricultural practices and climate variables on the long‐term dynamics of weed populations
Authors: García de León D , Freckleton R P , Lima M , Navarrete L , Castellanos E , González‐Andújar J L 
Published: September 2014

SummaryQuantifying the impacts of climate change on weed populations requires an understanding of the relative contributions of endogenous and exogenous factors on their numerical fluctuations. Here, we have used long‐term data (26 years) of seven weed species growing in a cereal–legume rotation from a locality in central Spain to determine the importance of endogenous (density dependence) and exogenous (tillage system, crop rotation, temperature and precipitation) factors. Density dependence was the main driver of the population dynamics studied, and it was exhibited more frequently under zero tillage (86% of the species) than under minimum tillage (57% of the species). Our results confirmed previous findings and provided stronger support for density dependence under zero tillage than under minimum tillage. Under the latter, temperature negatively affected the population growth rate of Descurainia sophia and positively Atriplex patula. We found no effect of either precipitation or crop rotation on population dynamics. Our findings could underpin an awareness campaign aimed at farmers to prevent them from drawing unwarranted conclusions regarding the efficacy of the particular control method used in a given year.
Genome Sequence of Two Novel Species of Torque Teno Minivirus from the Human Oral Cavity
Authors: Parras-Moltó Marcos , Suárez-Rodríguez Patricia , Eguia Asier , Aguirre-Urizar José Manuel , López-Bueno Alberto 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Anelloviridae
is a family of circular, single-stranded DNA viruses highly prevalent among humans. We report the genome sequence of two torque teno miniviruses found in human oral mucosa samples. Genome organization, phylogenetic analysis, and pairwise comparisons reveal that they belong to novel species within the
Betatorquevirus
genus.
Two Subgroups of Porcine Circovirus 2 Appearing among Pigs in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Minxiu , Xie Zhixun , Xie Liji , Deng Xianwen , Xie Zhiqin , Luo Sisi , Huang Li , Huang Jiaoling , Zeng Tingting 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
We report here two complete genome sequences of porcine circovirus 2. The complete genomes of BH5 and BH6 were amplified and analyzed. Sequence analysis demonstrated that strains BH5 and BH6 belonged to PCV2d and PCV2b, respectively. Knowledge regarding the complete genome sequences of strains BH5 and BH6 will be useful for epidemiological surveillance.
Genome Sequence and Annotation of
Acremonium chrysogenum
, Producer of the β-Lactam Antibiotic Cephalosporin C
Authors: Terfehr Dominik , Dahlmann Tim A. , Specht Thomas , Zadra Ivo , Kürnsteiner Hubert , Kück Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The filamentous fungus
Acremonium chrysogenum
is the industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic cephalosporin C. Here, we present the genome sequence of strain ATCC 11550, which contains genes for 8,901 proteins, 127 tRNAs, and 22 rRNAs. Genome annotation led to the prediction of 42 gene clusters for secondary metabolites.
Draft Genome Assembly of Neisseria lactamica Type Strain A7515
Authors: Minogue T. D. , Daligault H. A. , Davenport K. W. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Chertkov O. , Coyne S. R. , Freitas T. , Frey K. G. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Xu Y. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the scaffolded genome assembly of
Neisseria lactamica
type strain A7515 (ATCC 23970) as submitted to NCBI under accession no. JOVI00000000. This type strain of the lactose-fermenting
Neisseria
species is often used in quality control testing and intra-genus phylogenetic analyses. The assembly includes four contigs placed into a single scaffold.
Cost-effectiveness of a quality improvement programme to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units in the USA
Authors: Herzer Kurt R , Niessen Louis , Constenla Dagna O , Ward William J , Pronovost Peter J 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted quality improvement programme focused on reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis using a decision tree model to compare programme to non-programme intensive care units.SettingUSA.PopulationAdult patients in the intensive care unit.CostsEconomic costs of the programme and of central line-associated bloodstream infections were estimated from the perspective of the hospital and presented in 2013 US dollars.Main outcome measuresCentral line-associated bloodstream infections prevented, deaths averted due to central line-associated bloodstream infections prevented, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsCompared with current practice, the programme is strongly dominant and reduces bloodstream infections and deaths at no additional cost. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that there was an almost 80% probability that the programme reduces bloodstream infections and the infections’ economic costs to hospitals. The opportunity cost of a bloodstream infection to a hospital was the most important model parameter in these analyses.ConclusionsThis multifaceted quality improvement programme, as it is currently implemented by hospitals on an increasingly large scale in the USA, likely reduces the economic costs of central line-associated bloodstream infections for US hospitals. Awareness among hospitals about the programme's benefits should enhance implementation. The programme's implementation has the potential to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality and economic costs associated with central line-associated bloodstream infections.
Discrepancies in Cancer Genomic Sequencing Highlight Opportunities for Driver Mutation Discovery
Authors: Hudson Andrew M. , Yates Tim , Li Yaoyong , Trotter Eleanor W. , Fawdar Shameem , Chapman Phil , Lorigan Paul , Biankin Andrew , Miller Crispin J. , Brognard John 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing is being used at an increasing rate to identify actionable driver mutations that can inform therapeutic intervention strategies. A comparison of two of the most prominent cancer genome sequencing databases from different institutes (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) revealed marked discrepancies in the detection of missense mutations in identical cell lines (57.38% conformity). The main reason for this discrepancy is inadequate sequencing of GC-rich areas of the exome. We have therefore mapped over 400 regions of consistent inadequate sequencing (cold-spots) in known cancer-causing genes and kinases, in 368 of which neither institute finds mutations. We demonstrate, using a newly identified PAK4 mutation as proof of principle, that specific targeting and sequencing of these GC-rich cold-spot regions can lead to the identification of novel driver mutations in known tumor suppressors and oncogenes. We highlight that cross-referencing between genomic databases is required to comprehensively assess genomic alterations in commonly used cell lines and that there are still significant opportunities to identify novel drivers of tumorigenesis in poorly sequenced areas of the exome. Finally, we assess other reasons for the observed discrepancy, such as variations in dbSNP filtering and the acquisition/loss of mutations, to give explanations as to why there is a discrepancy in pharmacogenomic studies, given recent concerns with poor reproducibility of data. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6390–6. ©2014 AACR.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality during the Intervention and Postintervention Periods of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial
Authors: Thomson Cynthia A. , Van Horn Linda , Caan Bette J. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rohan Thomas E. , Tinker Lesley F. , Kuller Lewis H. , Hou Lifang , Lane Dorothy S. , Johnson Karen C. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Prentice Ross L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) low-fat (20% kcal) dietary modification (DM) trial (1993–2005) demonstrated a nonsignificant reduction in breast cancer, a nominally significant reduction in ovarian cancer, and no effect on other cancers (mean 8.3 years intervention). Consent to nonintervention follow-up was 83% (n = 37,858). This analysis was designed to assess postintervention cancer risk in women randomized to the low-fat diet (40%) versus usual diet comparison (60%).
Methods: Randomized, controlled low-fat diet intervention for prevention of breast and colorectal cancers conducted in 48,835 postmenopausal U.S. women, ages 50 to 79 years at 40 U.S. sites. Outcomes included total invasive cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, and cancer-specific and overall mortality.
Results: There were no intervention effects on invasive breast or colorectal cancer, other cancers, or cancer-specific or overall mortality during the postintervention period or the combined intervention and follow-up periods. For invasive breast cancer, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.92 (0.84–1.01) during intervention, 1.08 (0.94–1.24) during the postintervention period, and 0.97 (0.89–1.05) during cumulative follow-up. A reduced risk for estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor–negative tumors was demonstrated during follow-up. In women with higher baseline fat intake (quartile), point estimates of breast cancer risk were HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62–0.92) during intervention versus HR, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.84–1.4) during postintervention follow-up (Pdiff = 0.03).
Conclusions: Dietary fat intake increased postintervention in intervention women; no long-term reduction in cancer risk or mortality was shown in the WHI DM trial.
Impact: Dietary advisement to reduce fat for cancer prevention after menopause generally was not supported by the WHI DM trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2924–35. ©2014 AACR.
The Immune Microenvironment Confers Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors through Macrophage-Derived TNFα
Authors: Smith Michael P. , Sanchez-Laorden Berta , O'Brien Kate , Brunton Holly , Ferguson Jennifer , Young Helen , Dhomen Nathalie , Flaherty Keith T. , Frederick Dennie T. , Cooper Zachary A. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Marais Richard , Wellbrock Claudia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently, the rationale for combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy has come to light, but our understanding of the immune response during MAPK pathway inhibitor treatment is limited. We discovered that the immune microenvironment can act as a source of resistance to MAPK pathway–targeted therapy, and moreover during treatment this source becomes reinforced. In particular, we identified macrophage-derived TNFα as a crucial melanoma growth factor that provides resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors through the lineage transcription factor MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor). Most strikingly, in BRAF-mutant melanomas of patients and BRAFV600E melanoma allografts, MAPK pathway inhibitors increased the number of tumor-associated macrophages, and TNFα and MITF expression. Inhibiting TNFα signaling with IκB kinase inhibitors profoundly enhanced the efficacy of MAPK pathway inhibitors by targeting not only the melanoma cells but also the microenvironment. In summary, we identify the immune microenvironment as a novel source of resistance and reveal a new strategy to improve the efficacy of targeted therapy in melanoma.
Significance: This study identifies the immune microenvironment as a source of resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors through macrophage-derived TNFα, and reveals that in patients on treatment this source becomes reinforced. Inhibiting IκB kinase enhances the efficacy of MAPK pathway inhibitors, which identifies this approach as a potential novel strategy to improve targeted therapy in melanoma. Cancer Discov; 4(10); 1214–29. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1103
High‐Speed Video or Video Stroboscopy in Adolescents: Which Sheds More Light?
Authors: Shinghal Tulika , Low Aaron , Russell Laurie , Propst Evan J. , Eskander Antoine , Campisi Paolo 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to compare the utility of high‐speed video (HSV) to videostroboscopy (VS) in the assessment of adolescents with normal and abnormal larynges. A secondary objective was to evaluate the ease of assessment of adolescents with HSV.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic health care center.Subjects and MethodsThis study involved a retrospective review of recordings of 7 adolescents assessed with both HSV and VS. The 14 recordings were randomized and presented to 4 groups of blinded evaluators: 2 fellowship‐trained laryngologists, 2 speech language pathologists (SLP) with multiyear experience working in a voice clinic, 2 pediatric otolaryngologists, and 2 otolaryngology residents. Raters were asked to evaluate the videos using a standardized scoring tool. Raters also completed a questionnaire assessing their opinion of the HSV and VS recordings.ResultsEvaluators required more time to complete their assessment of VS recordings (2.95 min ± 2.41 min) than HSV recordings (2.31 min ± 1.92 min) (P =. 004). There was no difference in ease of evaluation (P =. 878) or diagnostic accuracy within evaluator groups by recording modality (P =. 5). The overall agreement between VS and HSV was moderate (kappa [SE] = 0.446 [0.029]). The debrief questionnaire revealed that 5 of 8 (62.5%) preferred VS to HSV.ConclusionThis is the first comparative study between HSV and VS in patients under 18 years of age. HSV permitted faster evaluation than VS, but there was no difference in diagnostic accuracy between the 2 modalities. The evaluators preferred VS to HSV.
Systemic Effects of Subcutaneous Heparin Use in Otolaryngology Patients
Authors: Blank Sarah J. , Grindler David J. , Zerega Janice , Blinder Morey , Nussenbaum Brian 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo describe a population of otolaryngology patients who developed systemic anticoagulation from pharmacologic deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis using subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin and describe associated adverse events and identify risk factors for this occurrence.Study DesignRetrospective case series with chart review.SettingSingle‐institution, academic tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsPatients who developed prolonged partial thromboplastin times from routine administration of subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin postoperatively were retrospectively identified during a 16‐month period. Data regarding demographics, disease characteristics, laboratory values, associated complications, and risk factors were collected and analyzed.ResultsFive patients, all with head and neck cancer, postoperatively developed prolonged partial thromboplastin time levels with prophylactic subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin. All had body mass index ≤20 kg/m2 and received 5000 units of subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin 3 times daily. Four had impaired renal function. Adverse events included 5 postoperative wound hematomas, an emergent reintubation, and a case of persistent mucosal bleeding. These bleeding complications accounted for 25% of all bleeding complications in otolaryngology patients during the same period.ConclusionUnanticipated systemic effects of subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin can cause significant morbidity in surgically treated patients with head and neck cancer. From this case series, risk factors appear to include subcutaneous low‐dose unfractionated heparin 3 times daily dose frequency, low body mass index, and renal dysfunction. For this at‐risk patient population, a protocol is needed to minimize both deep vein thromboses and complications of prophylactic therapy.
Adult daughters providing post-stroke care to a parent: a qualitative study of the impact that role overload has on lifestyle, participation and family relationships
Authors: Bastawrous Marina , Gignac Monique A , Kapral Moira K , Cameron Jill I 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To qualitatively explore daughters’ experiences with and response to holding multiple roles while providing post-stroke care to a parent. Design: Qualitative study using a descriptive approach. Semi-structured interviewing was used. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed to develop themes. Setting: General community of a metropolitan city. Participants: Twenty-three adult daughters caring for a community-dwelling parent who had suffered a stroke. Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Not applicable. Results: Role overload is a salient issue for daughter caregivers. This overload is best captured by the analogy of “juggling” multiple role demands and responsibilities. Two key themes suggest that role overload resulting from parent care affects daughters’: 1) valued relationships (e.g. challenges develop in their relationship with children and partner); and 2) ability to participate in valued activities (e.g. reduced involvement in leisure activities and restricted employment). Conclusions: Future support efforts should help daughters manage the caregiving role in light of other responsibilities. This can mitigate overload-related strain in valued relationships and decreased participation in valued activities, thereby contributing to better health and well-being for daughter caregivers.
Neuromuscular adaptations to long-term progressive resistance training translates to improved functional capacity for people with multiple sclerosis and is maintained at follow-up
Authors: Kjølhede Tue , Vissing Kristian , de Place Line , Pedersen Bodil G , Ringgaard Steffen , Stenager Egon , Petersen Thor , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: September 2014

Background: Progressive resistance training (PRT) is acknowledged to effectively improve muscle strength for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but diverging results exist regarding whether such improvements translates to improved functional capacity, possibly relating to insufficient duration and/or intensity in some previous studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential changes in functional capacity and neuromuscular function after 24 weeks of supervised PRT, and whether improvements are maintained after an additional 24 weeks of self-guided exercise. Methods: This study was a randomised controlled trial, with a training group and a waitlist group undergoing supervised PRT for 24 weeks initially or after 24 weeks of habitual lifestyle, respectively. Functional capacity, isometric muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors, neural drive and thigh muscle cross-sectional area was measured at baseline, after 24 and 48 weeks. Results: The training group significantly improved neuromuscular function of the knee extensors and flexors, which translated to improvements in functional capacity. Furthermore, the improved functional capacity was maintained after 24 weeks of self-guided physical activity. The waitlist group produced similar patterns of changes after PRT. Conclusion: Compelling evidence is provided, that PRT performed over sufficiently long periods, improves functional capacity, likely due to neuromuscular adaptations.
Role of iron, zinc and reduced glutathione in oxidative stress induction by low pH in rat brain synaptosomes
Authors: Pekun Tatyana G. , Hrynevich Sviatlana V. , Waseem Tatyana V. , Fedorovich Sergei V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBrain ischemia leads to a decrease in pHo. We have shown previously in synaptosomes that the extracellular acidification induces depolarization of mitochondria followed by synthesis of superoxide anions and oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effects of lowered pHoon oxidative stress and membrane potentials in synaptosomes treated by the iron chelator deferoxamine and zinc chelator TPEN. We demonstrated that chelating of metals has no impact on superoxide anion synthesis and intrasynaptosomal mitochondria depolarization. Meanwhile, deferoxamine was able to inhibit oxidative stress induced by low pHoand hydrogen peroxide application. Compared to deferoxamine, TPEN was less effective but it decreased the DCF fluorescence induced by pHo6.0 which had no effects in other oxidative stress models. We found that the chelators were able to inhibit slightly plasma membrane depolarization. Synaptosomes preincubation at low pHocaused no effects on the reduced glutathione level. Depletion of glutathione by CDNB produced no additional increase in the DCF fluorescence induced by pHo7.0. Our results suggest that free iron is crucial for the development of oxidative stress elicited by acidification in synaptosomes. Chelating of this metal seems to be a promising strategy for protecting the neuronal presynaptic terminals against oxidative stress developed at stroke.