bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of flow on the competition between the alien racer goby and native European bullhead
Authors: Jermacz Łukasz , Kobak Jarosław , Dzierżyńska Anna , Kakareko Tomasz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe racer goby is an invasive Ponto‐Caspian fish spreading throughout Europe. They threaten a native species of similar biology, the European bullhead, by displacing them from shelters. These shelters are necessary for reproduction as well as for protection against predators and hydrodynamic forces. However, abiotic conditions may strongly modify the outcome of an interspecific competition in the wild. Nevertheless, little is known of the effect of flow velocity on the competition between these rheophilic species, although this factor is crucial for their distribution in the field. We video‐recorded fish behaviour for 2 h in single‐species and mixed‐species pairs in the presence of single shelters at three flow velocities: 0, 10 (a velocity preferred by the racer goby) and 30 cm·s−1 (a velocity greater than preferred by the racer goby) to determine whether the invader can deprive the native species of its shelter. At the flow of 0 and 10 cm·s−1, the racer goby exhibited aggressive behaviour towards bullhead, and this restricted the time spent by the bullhead in the shelter. Moreover, although the flow of 30 cm·s−1 inhibited racer goby aggression, the time spent by the bullhead in the shelter in interspecific competition was still reduced when compared to intraspecific controls. Our results suggest that under natural conditions, the racer goby displace bullheads from their shelters even at flow velocities greater than optimal for the racer goby.
Higher C‐peptide levels are associated with regional cortical thinning in 1093 cognitively normal subjects
Authors: Yoon C. W. , Kang M. , Shin H. Y. , Jeon S. , Yang J.‐J. , Kim S. T. , Noh Y. , Kim G. H. , Kim H. J. , Kim Y. J. , Kim J.‐H. , Cho H. , Ye B. S. , Lee J. M. , Choi S. H. , Im K. , Moon H.‐S. , Na D. L. , Seo S. W. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeRecent studies have demonstrated an association between increased insulin secretion and cognitive impairment. However, there is no previous study that directly evaluates the association between increased insulin secretion and cortical thickness to our knowledge. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effect of hyperinsulinemia, as measured by C‐peptide level, on cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals.MethodsCortical thickness was measured in 1093 patients who visited the Samsung Medical Health Promotion Center and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a blood test to measure C‐peptide concentration. Automated surface‐based analyses of the MRI data were used to measure cortical thickness. C‐peptide levels were divided into quartiles for comparison. Patients in the first to third quartiles were used as the reference category.ResultsPatients in the highest quartile group (Q4) of C‐peptide levels showed cortical thinning, predominantly in both medial temporal lobes, the right inferior temporal gyrus, both medial prefrontal lobes and the right superior parietal lobule, compared with the lower quartile groups (Q1–Q3) after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, previous stroke, cardiovascular disease and fasting glucose level.ConclusionsA higher C‐peptide level is associated with regional cortical thinning, even in cognitively normal individuals.
Analysis of ELP4, SRPX2, and interacting genes in typical and atypical rolandic epilepsy
Authors: Reinthaler Eva M. , Lal Dennis , Jurkowski Wiktor , Feucht Martha , Steinböck Hannelore , Gruber‐Sedlmayr Ursula , Ronen Gabriel M. , Geldner Julia , Haberlandt Edda , Neophytou Birgit , Hahn Andreas , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Toliat Mohammad R. ,   EuroEPINOMICS Consortium, Lerche Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Sander Thomas , Neubauer Bernd A. , Zimprich Fritz 
Published: July 2014

SummaryRolandic epilepsy (RE) and its atypical variants (atypical rolandic epilepsy, ARE) along the spectrum of epilepsy–aphasia disorders are characterized by a strong but largely unknown genetic basis. Two genes with a putative (ELP4) or a proven (SRPX2) function in neuronal migration were postulated to confer susceptibility to parts of the disease spectrum: the ELP4 gene to centrotemporal spikes and SRPX2 to ARE. To reexamine these findings, we investigated a cohort of 280 patients of European ancestry with RE/ARE for the etiological contribution of these genes and their close interaction partners. We performed next‐generation sequencing and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–array based genotyping to screen for sequence and structural variants. In comparison to European controls we could not detect an enrichment of rare deleterious variants of ELP4, SRPX2, or their interaction partners in affected individuals. The previously described functional p.N327S variant in the X chromosomal SRPX2 gene was detected in two affected individuals (0.81%) and also in controls (0.26%), with some preponderance of male patients. We did not detect an association of SNPs in the ELP4 gene with centrotemporal spikes as previously reported. In conclusion our data do not support a major role of ELP4 and SRPX2 in the etiology of RE/ARE.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Incidence of hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions in France: the EMIR study
Authors: Bénard‐Laribière Anne , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Noize Pernelle , Haramburu Françoise ,   the EMIR Study Group on behalf of the French network of pharmacovigilance centres
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo assess the incidence of hospital admissions related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in France and the frequency of preventable ADRs in France, a prospective study was conducted among a representative randomly selected sample of medical wards in public hospitals between December 2006 and June 2007; all patients admitted during a 2‐week period were included. An ADR‐related hospitalization case was defined as a hospital admission because of an ADR, and an independent committee reviewed and validated all potential cases. Preventability was assessed using the French ADR preventability scale. Data were extrapolated to the population of France. Among 2692 admissions, 97 were related to an ADR (incidence 3.6%, 95% confidence interval, CI [2.8–4.4]). Patients admitted for an ADR were significantly older than those admitted for other reasons (P < 0.001). A third (32.0%) of ADR‐related hospitalizations were ‘preventable’, 16.5% ‘potentially preventable’. Drug interactions accounted for 29.9% of ADR‐related hospitalizations. The most frequent causes of ADR‐related hospitalizations were vascular disorders (20.6%), mainly bleeding complications, central nervous system disorders (11.3%), gastrointestinal disorders, and general disorders (9.3%). Antithrombotic and antineoplastic agents were the most frequently involved (12.6% each), followed by diuretics and analgesics (9.0% each). Vitamin‐K‐antagonists (VKAs) were the most common drugs associated with admission. The estimated annual number of ADR‐related hospitalizations in France was 143 915 (95% CI [112 063–175 766]). ADRs were a significant cause of hospital admission in 2006–2007, in particular those due to VKAs. As new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been marketed, more attention needs to be paid to ensure a safe use of antithrombotic agents.
Influence of physiological phenology on the seasonal pattern of ecosystem respiration in deciduous forests
Authors: Migliavacca Mirco , Reichstein Markus , Richardson Andrew D. , Mahecha Miguel D. , Cremonese Edoardo , Delpierre Nicolas , Galvagno Marta , Law Beverly E. , Wohlfahrt Georg , Andrew Black T. , Carvalhais Nuno , Ceccherini Guido , Chen Jiquan , Gobron Nadine , Koffi Ernest , William Munger J. , Perez‐Priego Oscar , Robustelli Monica , Tomelleri Enrico , Cescatti Alessandro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental and biotic drivers of respiration at the ecosystem level is a prerequisite to further improve scenarios of the global carbon cycle. In this study we investigated the relevance of physiological phenology, defined as seasonal changes in plant physiological properties, for explaining the temporal dynamics of ecosystem respiration (RECO) in deciduous forests. Previous studies showed that empirical RECO models can be substantially improved by considering the biotic dependency of RECO on the short‐term productivity (e.g., daily gross primary production, GPP) in addition to the well‐known environmental controls of temperature and water availability. Here, we use a model‐data integration approach to investigate the added value of physiological phenology, represented by the first temporal derivative of GPP, or alternatively of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, for modeling RECO at 19 deciduous broadleaved forests in the FLUXNET La Thuile database. The new data‐oriented semiempirical model leads to an 8% decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) and a 6% increase in the modeling efficiency (EF) of modeled RECO when compared to a version of the model that does not consider the physiological phenology. The reduction of the model‐observation bias occurred mainly at the monthly time scale, and in spring and summer, while a smaller reduction was observed at the annual time scale. The proposed approach did not improve the model performance at several sites, and we identified as potential causes the plant canopy heterogeneity and the use of air temperature as a driver of ecosystem respiration instead of soil temperature. However, in the majority of sites the model‐error remained unchanged regardless of the driving temperature. Overall, our results point toward the potential for improving current approaches for modeling RECO in deciduous forests by including the phenological cycle of the canopy.
Oxidation‐Induced Sintering: An Innovative Method for Manufacturing Porous Ceramics
Authors: Gupta Surojit , Riyad Mohammad F. 
Published: July 2014

We report for the first time a novel method of manufacturing macroporous ceramics by oxidation‐induced sintering (OIS) of porous compacts composed of Ti powders and fugitive poreformers. Using this novel manufacturing method, novel porous TiO2 ceramics can be fabricated over a wide range of porosity at a relatively faster heating rate (4°C/min) and shorter sintering periods (≤4 h) at 1450°C. The porous ceramics were subsequently characterized by SEM, XRD, and compressive strength measurements. The detailed microstructure study showed that the solid network in these solids is interconnected.
Gluten‐free pasta: effect of green plantain flour addition and influence of starch modification on the functional properties and resistant starch content
Authors: Sarawong Chonthira , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Zuleyka Concepción , Berghofer Emmerich , Schoenlechner Regine 
Published: July 2014

SummaryGreen plantain flour (GPF) is rich in indigestible carbohydrates, especially in resistant starch (RS). The objective of this study was to improve the functional pasta properties and RS content by producing gluten‐free (GF) pasta based on rice flour with different amounts of GPF addition (15–60% of total flour blend). Egg albumen (3.5–6.0% of total flour) and dough moisture (36–40%, dough humidity%), at constant emulsifier (0.5% of total flour) addition, were optimised in the first trials. The results showed that an addition up to 30% GPF with higher amount of egg albumen (6%) at dough moisture of 38% provided pasta with acceptable cooking quality and high RS content. Some qualities and/or RS content of GF pasta samples was further improved by adding 30% pregelatinised flours from the native GPF or drum‐dried green banana flour (DDGBF) in combination with applying varied steps of cooking and/or cooling, which were applied after pasta extrusion prior to drying them. The study suggests that GPF, in its native form, but particularly when pregelatinised, is a promising ingredient to be used for the production of GF pasta.
Child overweight and obesity are associated with reduced executive cognitive performance and brain alterations: a magnetic resonance imaging study in Mexican children
Authors: Bauer C. C. C. , Moreno B. , González‐Santos L. , Concha L. , Barquera S. , Barrios F. A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundOverweight and obesity in childhood is associated with negative physical and psychological effects. It has been proposed that obesity increase the risk for developing cognitive deficits, dementia and Alzheimer's disease and that it may be associated with marked differences in specific brain structure volumes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was a neurobiopsychological approach to examine the association between overweight and obesity, brain structure and a paediatric neuropsychological assessment in Mexican children between 6 and 8 years of age.MethodsWe investigated the relation between the body mass index (BMI), brain volumetric segmentation of subcortical gray and white matter regions obtained with magnetic resonance imaging and the Neuropsychological Assessment of Children standardized for Latin America. Thirty‐three healthy Mexican children between 6 and 8 years of age, divided into normal weight (18 children) and overweight/obese (15 children) groups.ResultsOverweight/obese children showed reduced executive cognitive performance on neuropsychological evaluations (i.e. verbal fluidity, P = 0.03) and presented differences in brain structures related to learning and memory (reduced left hippocampal volumes, P = 0.04) and executive functions (larger white matter volumes in the left cerebellum, P = 0.04 and mid‐posterior corpus callosum, P = 0.03). Additionally, we found a positive correlation between BMI and left globulus pallidus (P = 0.012, ρ = 0.43) volume and a negative correlation between BMI and neuropsychological evaluation scores (P = 0.033, ρ = –0.37).ConclusionsThe findings contribute to the idea that there is a relationship between BMI, executive cognitive performance and brain structure that may underlie the causal chain that leads to obesity in adulthood.
High waist circumference is associated with elevated blood pressure in non‐Hispanic White but not Hispanic children in a cohort of pre‐adolescent children
Authors: Smith L. P. , Gilstad‐Hayden K. , Carroll‐Scott A. , Ickovics Jeannette 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundHispanics comprise the most rapidly growing demographic in the US, but little is known about the cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic children. This study examined the association of high waist circumference (WC) and elevated blood pressure by race/ethnicity in a cohort of 9 to 13 year olds in New Haven, CT (n = 824).MethodsWC, overweight status and blood pressure were measured in 2009, with follow‐up in 2011.ResultsLogistic regression revealed that Hispanic children had increased likelihood of elevated blood pressure at follow‐up. High baseline WC was associated with increased likelihood of elevated blood pressure for non‐Hispanic White but not Hispanic or non‐Hispanic Black pre‐adolescents, controlling for baseline age, gender, overweight, and blood pressure.ConclusionPotential racial/ethnic differences in the association between high WC and elevated blood pressure may impact identification of children at risk for elevated blood pressure, especially among Hispanics.
The P450 enzyme Shade mediates the hydroxylation of ecdysone to 20‐hydroxyecdysone in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Kong Y. , Liu X‐P. , Wan P‐J. , Shi X‐Q. , Guo W‐C. , Li G‐Q. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEcdysone 20‐monooxygenase (E20MO), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP314A1), catalyses the conversion of ecdysone (E) to 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). We report here the cloning and characterization of the Halloween gene Shade (Shd) encoding E20MO in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. LdSHD has five conserved motifs typical of insect P450s, ie the Helix‐C, Helix‐I, Helix‐K, PxxFxPE/DRF (PERF) and heme‐binding motifs. LdShd was expressed in developing eggs, the first to fourth instars, wandering larvae, pupae and adults, with statistically significant fluctuations. Its mRNA was ubiquitously distributed in the head, thorax and abdomen. The recombinant LdSHD protein expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells catalysed the conversion of E to 20E. Dietary introduction of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) of LdShd into the second instar larvae successfully knocked down the LdShd expression level, decreased the mRNA level of the ecdysone receptor (LdEcR) gene, caused larval lethality, delayed development and affected pupation. Moreover, ingestion of LdShd‐dsRNA by the fourth instars also down‐regulated LdShd and LdEcR expression, reduced the 20E titre, and negatively influenced pupation. Introduction of 20E and a nonsteroidal ecdysteroid agonist halofenozide into the LdShd‐dsRNA‐ingested second instars, and of halofenozide into the LdShd‐dsRNA‐ingested fourth instars almost completely relieved the negative effects on larval performance. Thus, LdSHD functions to regulate metamorphotic processes by converting E to 20E in a coleopteran insect species Le. decemlineata.
Inhibition of CD1d‐mediated antigen presentation by the transforming growth factor‐β/Smad signalling pathway
Authors: Bailey Jennifer C. , Iyer Abhirami K. , Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Lin Yinling , Nguyen Hoa , Brutkiewicz Randy R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCD1d‐mediated lipid antigen presentation activates a subset of innate immune lymphocytes called invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells that, by virtue of their potent cytokine production, bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. Transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) is a known immune modulator that can activate the mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38; we have previously shown that p38 is a negative regulator of CD1d‐mediated antigen presentation. Several studies implicate a role for TGF‐β in the activation of p38. Therefore, we hypothesized that TGF‐β would impair antigen presentation by CD1d. Indeed, a dose‐dependent decrease in CD1d‐mediated antigen presentation and impairment of lipid antigen processing was observed in response to TGF‐β treatment. However, it was found that this inhibition was not through p38 activation. Instead, Smads 2, 3 and 4, downstream elements of the TGF‐β canonical signalling pathway, contributed to the observed effects. In marked contrast to that observed with CD1d, TGF‐β was found to enhance MHC class II‐mediated antigen presentation. Overall, these results suggest that the canonical TGF‐β/Smad pathway negatively regulates an important arm of the host's innate immune responses – CD1d‐mediated lipid antigen presentation to NKT cells.
A biased random‐key genetic algorithm for the minimization of open stacks problem
Authors: Gonçalves José Fernando , Resende Mauricio G. C. , Costa Miguel Dias 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a biased random‐key genetic algorithm (BRKGA) for the minimization of the open stacks problem (MOSP). The MOSP arises in a production system scenario, and consists of determining a sequence of cutting patterns that minimize the maximum number of open stacks during the cutting process. The proposed approach combines a BRKGA and a local search procedure for generating the sequence of cutting patterns. A novel fitness function for evaluating the quality of the solutions is also developed. Computational tests are presented using available instances taken from the literature. The high quality of the solutions obtained validate the proposed approach.
Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous‐unemotional traits
Authors: Mills‐Koonce William R. , Wagner Nicholas J. , Willoughby Michael T. , Stifter Cynthia , Blair Clancy , Granger Douglas A. ,   The Family Life Project Key Investigators
Published: July 2014

BackgroundApproximately one third of children who meet criteria for conduct problems (CP) are also characterized by elevated callous‐unemotional (CU) traits. This subgroup is at elevated risk for more pervasive and extreme levels of later antisocial behavior and has been characterized by a fearlessness temperament and blunted stress psychophysiology at older ages. The objective of this study was to examine group differences in fear reactivity and stress psychophysiology in infancy among children classified as having CP with CU (CP + CU), CP without CU (CP only), or no CP in later childhood.MethodsA birth cohort study (n = 1,292) was followed longitudinally from birth through first grade. Behavioral fear, baseline heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pretask, 20‐min posttask, and 40‐min posttask salivary cortisol were assessed at 6 and 15 months of age around a fear challenge task. CP and CU were assessed by maternal report at first grade and children were classified into CP and CU groups if they scored in the upper 10th percentile of these ratings.ResultsNo group differences were observed in children at 6 months of age. However, at 15 months of age children with later CP + CU displayed greater high‐intensity fear behavior, higher pretask and overall cortisol levels, and lower levels of HP and RSA compared to children with CP only and children with no CP.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between the biobehavioral correlates of conduct problems with callous‐unemotional traits in infancy and those reported from studies of older children and adults suggests that the etiology of this behavioral phenotype may be more complex than a simple genetic maturation model.
Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores
Authors: White T. C. R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerbivorous insects that have evolved to feed on senescing tissues of plants, or the phloem flowing from those tissues, comprise a distinct sub‐guild of the major trophic guilds, the senescence‐feeders. Some senescence‐feeders have evolved the capacity to accelerate the rate at which the tissues they feed on senesce, thus enhancing the quantity and quality of their food. Other species prolong their access to good food by feeding alternatively on both senescing and flushing tissues. Senescing plant tissues release a poorer quality food more slowly than the rapid inflow to new growth. As a result, senescence‐feeders grow more slowly than equivalent flush‐feeders. Any environmental stress of a plant that hastens its rate of senescence results in faster growth and higher survival of senescence‐feeders. Senescence‐feeders therefore succeed best on damaged or stressed plants and frequently reach outbreak levels on drought‐stressed trees. If the distinctive ecology of senescence‐feeders and the way in which they differ from flush‐feeders in their response to the condition of their host plants are to be recognized and understood, it is important to identify species that belong to this separate trophic sub‐guild. Such understanding is also necessary if attempts to control or manage their attacks on crops and forests are to succeed.