bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyotic cyst: A case report and literature review
Authors: Baba Akira , Yamazoe Shinji , Dogru Murat , Ogawa Mariko , Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Miyauchi Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOvaries are the primary sites of cancerous disease that is derived from endometriosis. Uterine cancer originating from endometriosis is very rare. The most frequent histological subtype of cancer derived from endometriosis is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, a subtype of clear cell carcinoma which is exceedingly rare. We report a case of a 40‐year‐old Japanese woman with a six year history of uterine leiomyoma. The patient was clinically and radiologically suspected to have degenerative uterine myoma with a possible malignant association and underwent a transabdominal total hysterectomy. Histopathological examination of the specimens revealed clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from the adenomyotic cyst. A literature review of clear cell adenocarcinomas arising from uterine adenomyotic cysts (cystic adenomyosis), emphasizes the clinically and radiologically important features of this very rare entity. Clear cell carcinoma association should be suspected in patients who are under follow‐up for uterine myomas and present with cystic uterine changes with solid component on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans.
Demographics and prevalence of positive QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐Tube test in renal transplant candidates
Authors: Simkins J. , Kraus K. , Morris M.I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundLatent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening prior to solid organ transplantation is standard of care. QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐Tube (QFT‐GIT) test is the preferred diagnostic test for renal transplant candidates (RTC). QFT‐GIT reversions and the potential delay of living‐donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) because of QFT‐GIT positivity have not been examined previously in RTC.MethodsWe evaluated the prevalence of positive QFT‐GIT in RTC from January 1 through December 31, 2011. In addition, we examined the demographic and renal disease data differences between QFT‐GIT‐positive and ‐negative patients, changes in QFT‐GIT results, and positive QFT‐GIT results reverting to negative. Lastly, we evaluated if QFT‐GIT‐positive patients were less likely to undergo LDKT within 6 months of QFT‐GIT testing.ResultsIn total, 722 RTC were analyzed, 16% of whom had positive QFT‐GIT. The QFT‐GIT‐positive patients were more likely to be older and foreign‐born, P < 0.0001. Haitians had the highest prevalence. Of the 119 QFT‐GIT‐positive patients, 25% had low/intermediate‐positive results and were more likely to revert to negative, compared with patients with high‐positive QFT‐GIT results (50% vs. 0%, P = 0.01). A trend was seen toward fewer QFT‐GIT‐positive patients undergoing LDKT, compared with QFT‐GIT‐negative patients (0% vs. 3%, P = 0.09).ConclusionsOur high prevalence was likely a result of the high number of foreign‐born RTC. Half of our small subset of low/intermediate‐positive QFT‐GIT patients reverted to negative. QFT‐GIT‐positive patients were more likely to have their LDKT delayed.
Technology Spillovers from FDI. Evidence on the Intensity of Different Spillover Channels
Authors: Jude Cristina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to empirically disentangle specific channels of technology spillovers from FDI to domestic firms. To this end, we look into the mechanisms of technology diffusion through FDI and investigate six measures of spillovers in a sample of Romanian firms for the period 1999–2007. Our results show that the position in the supply chain is essential for capturing FDI spillovers, as local suppliers enjoy productivity gains, while local clients suffer productivity losses. We also show that foreign affiliates internalise all benefits associated with supplier upgrading, thus raising concerns about the social return on technology transfer. Additionally, our approach allows us to separate horizontal spillovers into a competition effect, an imitation/demonstration effect and a labour mobility component. We find only labour mobility to act as an efficient channel for horizontal knowledge diffusion, even though its direction depends highly on human capital.
The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone: Background, Developments and Preliminary Assessment of Initial Impacts
Authors: Yao Daqing , Whalley John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (SPFTZ) founded one year ago is a trial for China's new round of reform and opening up, which has promised liberalisation on the capital account and trade facilitation as its main objectives. Here, we discuss why China adopted such a pilot zone after three decades of economic development, and explore what the differences are between the SPFTZ and other free trade areas, and developments of the SPFTZ in the past year. We also make a preliminary assessment of the SPFTZ's initial impacts, especially of its impact on China's capital account opening and financial liberalisation. It is possible that the successful practice of the SPFTZ and more pilot policies replicated in China will give rise to a more balanced Chinese economy in the following decade.
The Consequences of Replicating in the Wrong Orientation: Bacterial Chromosome Duplication without an Active Replication Origin
Authors: Dimude Juachi U. , Stockum Anna , Midgley-Smith Sarah L. , Upton Amy L. , Foster Helen A. , Khan Arshad , Saunders Nigel J. , Retkute Renata , Rudolph Christian J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Chromosome replication is regulated in all organisms at the assembly stage of the replication machinery at specific origins. In
Escherichia coli
, the DnaA initiator protein regulates the assembly of replication forks at
oriC.
This regulation can be undermined by defects in nucleic acid metabolism. In cells lacking RNase HI, replication initiates independently of DnaA and
oriC
, presumably at persisting R-loops. A similar mechanism was assumed for origin-independent synthesis in cells lacking RecG. However, recently we suggested that this synthesis initiates at intermediates resulting from replication fork fusions. Here we present data suggesting that in cells lacking RecG or RNase HI, origin-independent synthesis arises by different mechanisms, indicative of these two proteins having different roles
in vivo
. Our data support the idea that RNase HI processes R-loops, while RecG is required to process replication fork fusion intermediates. However, regardless of how origin-independent synthesis is initiated, a fraction of forks will proceed in an orientation opposite to normal. We show that the resulting head-on encounters with transcription threaten cell viability, especially if taking place in highly transcribed areas. Thus, despite their different functions, RecG and RNase HI are both important factors for maintaining replication control and orientation. Their absence causes severe replication problems, highlighting the advantages of the normal chromosome arrangement, which exploits a single origin to control the number of forks and their orientation relative to transcription, and a defined termination area to contain fork fusions. Any changes to this arrangement endanger cell cycle control, chromosome dynamics, and, ultimately, cell viability.

IMPORTANCE
Cell division requires unwinding of millions of DNA base pairs to generate the template for RNA transcripts as well as chromosome replication. As both processes use the same template, frequent clashes are unavoidable. To minimize the impact of these clashes, transcription and replication in bacteria follow the same directionality, thereby avoiding head-on collisions. This codirectionality is maintained by a strict regulation of where replication is started. We have used
Escherichia coli
as a model to investigate cells in which the defined location of replication initiation is compromised. In cells lacking either RNase HI or RecG, replication initiates away from the defined replication origin, and we discuss the different mechanisms by which this synthesis arises. In addition, the resulting forks proceed in a direction opposite to normal, thereby inducing head-on collisions between transcription and replication, and we show that the resulting consequences are severe enough to threaten the viability of cells.
Six-year follow-up of the SPHERE RCT: secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice
Authors: Murphy A W , Cupples M E , Murphy E , Newell J , Scarrott C J , Vellinga A , Gillespie P , Byrne M , Kearney C , Smith S M 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the long-term effectiveness of a complex intervention in primary care aimed at improving outcomes for patients with coronary heart disease.DesignA 6-year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial, which found after 18 months that both total and cardiovascular hospital admissions were significantly reduced in intervention practices (8% absolute reduction).Setting48 general practices in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.Participants903 patients with established coronary heart disease at baseline in the original trial.InterventionThe original intervention consisted of tailored practice and patient plans; training sessions for practitioners in medication prescribing and behavioural change; and regular patient recall system. Control practices provided usual care. Following the intervention period, all supports from the research team to intervention practices ceased.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome: hospital admissions, all cause and cardiovascular;secondary outcomes: mortality; blood pressure and cholesterol control.ResultsAt 6-year follow-up, data were collected from practice records of 696 patients (77%). For those who had died, we censored their data at the point of death and cause of death was established. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control practices in either total (OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.28)) or cardiovascular hospital admissions (OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.65)). We confirmed mortality status of 886 of the original 903 patients (98%). There were no significant differences in mortality (15% in intervention and 16% in control) or in the proportions of patients above target control for systolic blood pressure or total cholesterol.ConclusionsInitial significant differences in the numbers of total and cardiovascular hospital admissions were not maintained at 6 years and no differences were found in mortality or blood pressure and cholesterol control. Policymakers need to continue to assess the effectiveness of previously efficacious programmes.Trial registration numberCurrent Controlled TrialsISRCTN24081411.
Community-based interventions to prevent fatal overdose from illegal drugs: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Okolie Chukwudi , Evans Bridie Angela , John Ann , Moore Chris , Russell Daphne , Snooks Helen 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionDrug overdose is the most frequent cause of death among people who misuse illegal drugs. People who inject these drugs are 14–17 times more likely to die than their non-drug using peers. Various strategies to reduce drug-related deaths have failed to meet target reductions. Research into community-based interventions for preventing drug overdose deaths is promising. This review seeks to identify published studies describing community-based interventions and to evaluate their effectiveness at reducing drug overdose deaths.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search key electronic databases using a search strategy which groups terms into four facets: (1) Overdose event, (2) Drug classification, (3) Intervention and (4) Setting. Searches will be limited where possible to international literature published in English between 1998 and 2014. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a predefined table adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration handbook. The quality of included studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. We will conduct a meta-analysis for variables which can be compared across studies, using statistical methods to control for heterogeneity where appropriate. Where clinical or statistical heterogeneity prevents a valid numerical synthesis, we will employ a narrative synthesis to describe community-based interventions, their delivery and use and how effectively they prevent fatal overdoses.Ethics and disseminationWe will publish findings from this systematic review in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and present results at national and international conferences. It will be disseminated electronically and in print.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42015017833.
Can paediatric early warning scores (PEWS) be used to guide the need for hospital admission and predict significant illness in children presenting to the emergency department? An assessment of PEWS diagnostic accuracy using sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Lillitos Peter J , Hadley Graeme , Maconochie Ian 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesDesigned to detect early deterioration of the hospitalised child, paediatric early warning scores (PEWS) validity in the emergency department (ED) is less validated. We aimed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of two commonly used PEWS (Brighton and COAST) in predicting hospital admission and, for the first time, significant illness.MethodsRetrospective analysis of PEWS data for paediatric ED attendances at St Mary's Hospital, London, UK, in November 2012. Patients with missing data were excluded. Diagnoses were grouped:medicalandsurgical.To classify diagnoses assignificant, established guidelines were used and, where not available, common agreement between three acute paediatricians.Results1921 patients were analysed. There were 211 admissions (11%). 1630 attendances were medical (86%) and 273 (14%) surgical. Brighton and COAST PEWS performed similarly.hospital admission: PEWS of ≥3 was specific (93%) but poorly sensitive (32%). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was low at 0.690.Significant illness: for medical illness, PEWS ≥3 was highly specific (96%) but poorly sensitive (44%). The AUC was 0.754 and 0.755 for Brighton and COAST PEWS, respectively. Both scores performed poorly for predicting significant surgical illness (AUC 0.642). PEWS ≥3 performed well in predicting significant respiratory illness: sensitivity 75%, specificity 91%.ConclusionsBoth Brighton and COAST PEWS scores performed similarly. A score of ≥3 has good specificity but poor sensitivity for predicting hospital admission and significant illness. Therefore, a high PEWS should be taken seriously but a low score is poor at ruling out the requirement for admission or serious underlying illness. PEWS was better at detecting significant medical illness compared with detecting the need for admission. PEWS performed poorly in detecting significant surgical illness. PEWS may be particularly useful in evaluating respiratory illness in a paediatric ED.
Prevalence of emergency medical service utilisation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Thailand
Authors: Monsomboon Apichaya , Chantawatsharakorn Prasit , Suksuriyayothin Saovanee , Keorochana Kris , Mukda Achara , Prapruetkit Nattakarn , Surabenjawong Usapan , Nakornchai Tanyaporn , Chakorn Tipa 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMost patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have grave outcomes. The efficacy of emergency medical services (EMS) may affect outcomes. However, no data exists in Thailand.ObjectivesTo ascertain the prevalence of EMS utilisation in patients with OHCA transferred to Siriraj Hospital and also to elucidate the rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hospital admission and survival to hospital discharge.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in patients with OHCA at a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand from May 2011 to February 2013. The data was gathered by interviewing bystanders. Data about the mode of transportation, reasons for EMS usage, response time, ROSC and 30-day mortality were collected. Patients with rigour mortis or livor mortis were excluded. The factors affecting ROSC and survival rate were determined by univariate analysis.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-two patients were included. The prevalence of EMS usage was 14.5% (95% CI 9.3 to 21.0). The most common cause of non-usage of EMS was not knowing or forgetting an EMS number (49.2%). The proportion of bystanders having known an EMS number and using EMS was 34%. The ROSC and 30-day survival rates were 53.3% and 10.5%, respectively. Non-cardiac causes and witnessed arrests were associated with ROSC (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of EMS utilisation in OHCA at Siriraj Hospital was very low. This may affect the outcomes of patients with OHCA. Improving the EMS system by publicity to increase public awareness and providing life-support education nationwide may improve outcomes of patients with OHCA in Thailand.
Evaluation of the perforators of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) using routine cerebral 3D rotational angiography
Authors: Lescher Stephanie , Zimmermann Maja , Konczalla Jürgen , Deller Thomas , Porto Luciana , Seifert Volker , Berkefeld Joachim 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundDamage to perforating branches of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) is a known complication of surgical or interventional treatment procedures for AComA aneurysm leading to neurologic deficits. In spite of the clinical relevance of these AComA branches, they have not been systematically analyzed using imaging techniques and most of our knowledge is based on post-mortem injection studies or neurosurgical reports. We therefore analyzed three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) images of the AComA, and propose a first imaging definition of the microvascular structures surrounding the AComA.MethodsReconstructed 3D data derived from standard-of-care rotational angiography acquisitions (5 s DSA) were retrospectively analyzed. 20 patients undergoing selective cerebral angiography and 3DRA for therapy assessment were included in our study. 3DRA datasets were reconstructed and displayed using the volume rendering technique (VRT). Additionally, multiplanar reformatted CT-like cross-sectional images (MPR) were used to evaluate the number, size, and origin of the perforators of the AComA.ResultsPerforating branches of the AComA could be demonstrated in all cases with large interindividual variations in vessel visibility. MPRs appeared to be superior to total VRT volumes in the visualization of the perforating branches of the AComA.Conclusions3DRA can be used to visualize perforating branches of the AComA in vivo. Since damage to these perforators may result in neurologic deficits, visualization of these vessels prior to surgery or endovascular aneurysm treatment could help in the planning of therapeutic interventions. Further refinement of current imaging techniques will be necessary, however, to increase the reliability of small vessel angiography.
Endovascular treatment of PICA aneurysms with a Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS Jr) device
Authors: Samaniego Edgar A , Abdo German , Hanel Ricardo A , Lima Andrey , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Dabus Guilherme 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms with the Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device (LVIS Jr) stent.Materials and methodsThe databases of three institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent endovascular treatment of PICA aneurysms using a reconstructive technique where the LVIS Jr stent was totally or partially deployed into the PICA were included in the analysis. Clinical presentation, aneurysm and PICA sizes, procedural complications, and clinical and angiographic follow-up information was recorded and analyzed.ResultsSeven patients who underwent endovascular treatment of PICA aneurysms with an LVIS Jr stent were identified. Four aneurysms were treated in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There were no symptomatic complications. One patient had spasm distal to the stent as a result of mechanical straightening of the vessel. One patient was treated in the acute phase of SAH and required a gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor after the stent was implanted. This patient needed to be re-treated to complete embolization. All patients had good clinical outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale 5). No in-stent stenosis or occlusion was seen on short-term angiographic follow-up and the aneurysms were occluded.ConclusionsThis small series suggests that the use of a reconstructive technique with the LVIS Jr stent for the treatment of PICA aneurysms is feasible, safe and effective in the short term.
Calvin, Daneau, and Physica Mosaica
Authors: Sytsma David S. 
Published: November 2015

This essay argues that there are overlooked lines of continuity between Jean Calvin (1509–1564) and the Mosaic physics of Lambert Daneau (ca. 1530–1595). Specifically, the essay demonstrates lines of continuity between Calvin and Daneau on the value and errors of natural philosophy, their relation to the patristic hexaemeral literature, and their understanding of Mosaic accommodation. The evidence produced challenges prevailing scholarship which views Daneau’s Physica Christiana as a radical departure from Calvin’s thought or associates Calvin’s accommodation doctrine with Copernicanism alone. Sources used include multiple editions of Calvin’s Institutio, Calvin’s commentaries, Daneau’s Physica Christiana (1576) and Physices christianae pars altera (1580), Johann Heinrich Alsted’s Physica Harmonica, Jacob van Lansbergen’s Apologia (1633), and post-Reformation commentaries on Genesis by Franciscus Junius, David Pareus, and Johann Piscator.
Modelled Variations of Deep Convection in the Irminger Sea during 2003–10
Authors: Paquin Jean-Philippe , Lu Youyu , Higginson Simon , Dupont Frédéric , Garric Gilles 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResults from a high-resolution ice–ocean model are analyzed to understand the physical processes responsible for the interannual variability of ocean convection over the Irminger Sea. The modeled convection in the open Irminger Sea for the winters of 2007/08 and 2008/09 is in good agreement with observations. Deep convection is caused by strong atmospheric forcing that increases the ocean heat loss through latent and sensible heat fluxes. Greenland tip jets are found to be the only strong wind events that directly affect the deep convection area and explain up to 53% of the total turbulent heat loss during active convection years. Deep convection is modeled where there is favorable preconditioning of the water column due to isopycnal doming inside the semienclosed Irminger Gyre. The region of deep convection is also characterized by weak eddy kinetic energy. Finally, an estimation of the surface-forced water mass transformation confirms the Irminger Sea as a region of intermittent production of Labrador Sea Water, with annual averages between 0.9 and 1.9 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of water denser than 27.7 kg m−3 for years of active convection.
Making defensible decisions in the era of recovery and rights
Authors: Carroll Andrew , McSherry Bernadette 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: Our aim was to develop a framework for clinical decision-making that can be used to take into account risk in an era of recovery and rights. Conclusion: We developed a framework influenced by civil liability law to develop a guide for clinical decision-making which emphasises collaboration, clarification of the available information and communication of decisions as essential components of recovery-oriented risk management.