bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of the ADNI MR protocol
Authors: Arani Arvin , Borowski Bret , Felmlee John , Reid Robert I. , Thomas David L. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Stables Lara , Buckner Randy L. , Jung Youngkyoo , Tosun Duygu , Weiner Michael , Jack Clifford R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI4) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols aim to maintain longitudinal consistency across two decades of data acquisition, while adopting new technologies. Here we describe and justify the study's design and targeted biomarkers. The ADNI4 MRI protocol includes nine MRI sequences. Some sequences require the latest hardware and software system upgrades and are continuously rolled out as they become available at each site. The main sequence additions/changes in ADNI4 are: (1) compressed sensing (CS) T1‐weighting, (2) pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) on all three vendors (GE, Siemens, Philips), (3) multiple‐post‐labeling‐delay ASL, (4) 1 mm3 isotropic 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, and (5) CS 3D T2‐weighted. ADNI4 aims to help the neuroimaging community extract valuable imaging biomarkers and provide a database to test the impact of advanced imaging strategies on diagnostic accuracy and disease sensitivity among individuals lying on the cognitively normal to impaired spectrum.Highlights
A summary of MRI protocols for phase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI 4).
The design and justification for the ADNI 4 MRI protocols.
Compressed sensing and multi‐band advances have been applied to improve scan time.
ADNI4 protocols aim to streamline safety screening and therapy monitoring.
The ADNI4 database will be a valuable test bed for academic research.
A Computation‐Guided Design of Highly Defined and Dense Bimetallic Active Sites on a Two‐Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Li Zhenxin , Jia Jingjing , Sang Zhiyuan , Liu Wei , Nie Jiahuan , Yin Lichang , Hou Feng , Liu Jiachen , Liang Ji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−‐ORR) provides an alternative method to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone method. Metal macrocycles with precise coordination are widely used for 2e−‐ORR electrocatalysis, but they have to be commonly loaded on conductive substrates, thus exposing a large number of 2e−‐ORR‐inactive sites that result in poor H2O2 production rate and efficiency. Herein, guided by first‐principle predictions, a substrate‐free and two‐dimensional conductive metal–organic framework (Ni‐TCPP(Co)), composed of CoN4 sites in porphine(Co) centers and Ni2O8 nodes, is designed as a multi‐site catalyst for H2O2 electrosynthesis. The approperiate distance between the CoN4 and Ni2O8 sites in Ni‐TCPP(Co) weakens the electron transfer between them, thus ensuring their inherent activities and creating high‐density active sites. Meanwhile, the intrinsic electronic conductivity and porosity of Ni‐TCPP(Co) further facilitate rapid reaction kinetics. Therefore, outstanding 2e−‐ORR electrocatalytic performance has been achieved in both alkaline and neutral electrolytes (>90 %/85 % H2O2 selectivity within 0–0.8 V vs. RHE and >18.2/18.0 mol g−1 h−1 H2O2 yield under alkaline/neutral conditions), with confirmed feasibility for water purification and disinfection applications. This strategy thus provides a new avenue for designing catalysts with precise coordination and high‐density active sites, promoting high‐efficiency electrosynthesis of H2O2 and beyond.
In situ Generation of Cyclohexanone Drives Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Phenol to Nylon‐6 Precursor
Authors: Jia Shunhan , Wang Ruhan , Jin Xiangyuan , Liu Hanle , Wu Limin , Song Xinning , Zhang Libing , Ma Xiaodong , Tan Xingxing , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoupling in situ generated intermediates with other substrates/intermediates is a viable approach for diversifying product outcomes of catalytic reactions involving two or multiple reactants. Cyclohexanone oxime is a key precursor for caprolactam synthesis (the monomer of Nylon‐6), yet its current production uses unsustainable carbon sources, noble metal catalysts, and harsh conditions. Herein, we report the first work to synthesize cyclohexanone oxime through electroreduction of phenol and hydroxylamine. The Faradaic efficiency reached 69.1 % over Cu catalyst, accompanied by a corresponding cyclohexanone oxime formation rate of 82.0 g h−1 gcat−1. In addition, the conversion of phenol was up to 97.5 %. In situ characterizations, control experiments, and theoretical calculations suggested the importance of balanced activation of water, phenol, and hydroxylamine substrates on the optimal metallic Cu catalyst for achieving high‐performance cyclohexanone oxime synthesis. Besides, a tandem catalytic route for the upgrading of lignin to caprolactam has been successfully developed through the integration of thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and Beckmann rearrangement, which achieved the synthesis of 0.40 g of caprolactam from 4.0 g of lignin raw material.
Contributions of Multi‐Method Geophysical Survey to Archaeological Research at the Battlefield of Waterloo
Authors: Williams Duncan , Bosquet Dominique , Pollard Tony , Welham Kate , Eve Stuart , De Smedt Philippe 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTArchaeological prospection is continually expanding into new frontiers, examining increasingly large areas, diverse environmental contexts and varying site types. One area that has received only limited focus is historic battlefields. This paper presents results from large‐scale geophysical surveys (> 100 ha) at the Napoleonic battlefield of Waterloo (1815) in Belgium, using fluxgate magnetometry and frequency‐domain electromagnetic induction. Despite its international historical significance, professional archaeological research at the battlefield is still in its infancy. We demonstrate how important insights can be gained by using geophysical methods for identifying features and artefacts related to the battle and for developing an understanding of the various influences acting on the present landscape. The largest survey of its kind undertaken on a single battlefield site, this approach holds particular potential for battlefield archaeology, given the subtle and low‐density nature of the sought‐after targets and the extensive area of the site. Such an approach can mitigate (though not entirely resolve) challenges of resolution and scale associated with other methods of investigation. Using a representative range of examples from Waterloo, we consider successes and challenges in undertaking geophysical surveys on battlefield sites. An integrated approach that incorporates targeted sampling and other forms of ancillary data is emphasized for a more robust interpretation of noninvasive sensor data.
Combinatorial effect of Apigenin‐resveratrol on white adipocyte plasticity and trans‐differentiation for activating lipid metabolism
Authors: Sreekumar Sreelekshmi , Kiran Manikantan Syamala 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInducing browning in white adipocytes has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for addressing obesity. Bioactive that modulate the WAT microenvironment to induce trans browning in white adipocytes have been explored as a strategy to control unregulated lipid storage. However, relying on a single bioactive for modulating lipid metabolism has proven insufficient in obese individuals during human trials, because these compounds primarily activate a single biochemical pathway in promoting browning. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on targeting multiple pathways to ensure a safe and effective browning process. The present study investigated the combinatorial effect of bioactives namely Apigenin and Resveratrol for activating multiple pathways for effective trans‐browning of white adipocytes. The combination was seen to promote the browning more effectively than the single bioactive, as the combination simultaneously activated multiple signaling pathways to induce angiogenesis‐mediated browning in primary white adipocytes isolated from obese mice. Activation of PI3K signaling via estrogen receptor‐α‐dependent pathway resulted in simultaneous activation of angiogenesis and trans browning in white adipocytes. The study provides valuable insights into the potential use of bioactives in combination with therapeutic intervention to improve the overall health of obese subjects by enhancing lipid metabolism by activating trans‐differentiation of white adipocytes.
Use of tRNA gene barriers improves stability of transgene expression in CHO cells
Authors: Sizer Rebecca E. , Ingram Richard M. , Swan Caroline , Biggs Emma K. , Pybus Leon P. , White Robert J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInstability of transgene expression is a major challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry, which can impact yields and regulatory approval. Some tRNA genes (tDNAs) can resist epigenetic silencing, the principal mechanism of expression instability, and protect adjacent genes against the spread of repressive heterochromatin. We have taken two naturally occurring clusters of human tDNAs and tested their ability to reduce epigenetic silencing of transgenes integrated into the genome of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We find sustained improvements in productivity both in adherent CHO‐K1 cells and in an industrially relevant CHO‐DG44 expression system (Apollo X, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies). We conclude that specific tDNA clusters offer potential to mitigate the widespread problem of production instability.
Integrating serum metabolomics analysis and network pharmacology to reveal the potential mechanism of Shengmai Jianghuang San in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Siying , Zhu Yuanchao , Su Chao , Jiang Ziqing , You Yanyi , Zhu Daoqi , Fan Qin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShengmai Jianghuang San (SMJHS) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound reported to inhibit Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) progression and enhance radiosensitivity. However, the specific active ingredients and regulatory mechanisms of SMJHS against NPC, particularly under hypoxic conditions, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were gavaged with Shengmai Jianghuang San (SMJHS), and their blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive orbitrap MS/MS was used to identify the metabolite profiles of SMJHS drug‐containing serum. A molecular network of the active compositions in SMJHS targeting NPC was constructed through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway was in key positions. The effects of SMJHS on the proliferation, migration, and radiosensitivity of hypoxic NPC cells were assessed by in vitro experiments. NPC cell lines stably overexpressing HIF‐1α were established using a lentivirus to investigate the regulation of HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling in hypoxic NPC cells by SMJHS. Through a combination of network pharmacological analysis, cellular biofunctional validation, and molecular biochemical experiments, our study found that SMJHS had an anti‐proliferative effect on NPC cells cultured under hypoxic conditions, inhibiting their migration and increasing their radiosensitivity. Additionally, SMJHS suppressed the expression of HIF‐1α and VEGFA, exhibiting potential as an effective option for improving NPC treatment.
The synergistic effect of green innovation and governance in carbon neutrality: Insights from Japanese companies
Authors: Keerthana Krishnamurthy Baskar , Wu Shih‐Wei , Kokulnathan Thangavelu , Wu Mu‐En 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJapan is firmly committed to transitioning to a low‐carbon economy to address climate change. This research focuses on the role of innovation and governance in achieving carbon neutrality among Japanese companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2023, particularly in all carbon dioxide‐contributing sectors. Through multivariate statistics, regression modeling, and quantitative literature analysis, we provide robust evidence of the relationship among innovation, governance, and carbon neutrality. The findings highlight the importance of fostering a sustainability‐oriented culture to drive sustainable innovation and achieve carbon neutrality. We compared the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and governance to expand our scope. Its results underscore the significance of strong corporate governance in facilitating sustainable initiatives. A robustness test is included to finalize that the samples have avoided endogeneity. These findings demonstrate a positive outlook for Japan's future emissions reduction.
Real‐time simulation of thin‐film interference with surface thickness variation using the shallow water equations
Authors: Gu Mingyi , Dai Jiajia , Chen Jiazhou , Yan Ke , Huang Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThin‐film interference is a significant optical phenomenon. In this study, we employed the transfer matrix method to pre‐calculate the reflectance of thin‐films at visible light wavelengths. The reflectance is saved as a texture through color space transformation. This advancement has made real‐time rendering of thin‐film interference feasible. Furthermore, we proposed the implementation of shallow water equations to simulate the morphological evolution of liquid thin‐films. This approach facilitates the interpretation and prediction of behaviors and thickness variations in liquid thin‐films. We also introduced a viscosity term into the shallow water equations to more accurately simulate the behavior of thin‐films, thus facilitating the creation of authentic interference patterns.
Higher Order Structure Differences Among Insulin Crystalline Drugs Revealed by 2D heteronuclear NMR
Authors: Wang Songlin , Rienstra Chad M. , Chen Kang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring therapeutic protein development, two‐dimensional (2D) heteronuclear NMR spectra can be a powerful analytical method for measuring protein higher order structure (HOS) in solution since the spectra exhibit much higher resolution than homonuclear 1H spectra. However, 2D NMR capabilities for characterizing protein HOS in crystalline states remain to be assessed, given the low 13C natural abundance and intrinsically broader lines in solid‐state NMR (SSNMR). Herein, high‐resolution heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) SSNMR was utilized to directly measure intact crystal drug products of insulin human, insulin analogs of insulin lispro and insulin aspart. The fingerprint regions in 2D 1H−13C HETCOR spectra were identified, which distinguished the insulin crystals in their primary structure, HOS heterogeneity and dynamics, as well as the manufacturing processes. The HOS heterogeneity in insulin analogs is consistent with their therapeutic effect of rapid action; while insulin human crystals showed more structural homogeneity, consistent with their slower pharmacokinetics (PK) peak time than insulin analogs. Therefore, heteronuclear NMR could be broadly applicable to study protein drug dosage forms from liquid to solid, yielding improved molecular level structure data for assessing drug HOS in biosimilar drug development.
W and V shape features based on measured skin spectral reflectance
Authors: Sun Meng , Gao Cheng , Li Changjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch suggested that color vision evolved for the purpose of seeing skin color modulations signaling emotion or mood. Hence people want to find the connection of the cone sensitivities with the skin spectral reflectance. In this article the W and V shapes based on skin spectral reflectance measured at different positions and from different ethnic groups (Kurdish, Caucasian, Thai, Chinese) were investigated. First, it was found that the measured skin spectral reflectance from all body positions and ethnic groups have a V shape between 400 and 450 nm and a W shape between 520 and 610 nm. The W and V shapes from the measured skin spectral reflectance are clearly different from those from the spectral reflectance generated from the physical model. The V shape and W shape do not exist with spectral reflectances measured from artificial skin color. Second, it was found that the wavelengths where the left trough assumes for the W shape are different from the wavelength where the M cone peaks, and the wavelengths where the central peak of the W shape assumes are different from the wavelength where the L cone peaks, which are different from the results from literature. Third, it was found that the skin spectral reflectance varies with body positions and ethnic groups. The W shapes turn to be a “U” shape for the spectral reflectance measured at back of the hand and inner forearm positions. The spectral reflectance measured from Kurdish starts decreasing for each body positions for wavelength greater than 700 nm, which is clearly different from the spectral reflectance measured from the Chinese and Caucasian ethnic groups. The findings of this paper are valuable for improving the physical model for generating skin spectral reflectance, reconstructing skin spectral reflectance based on image, identifying human skin color from spectral imaging and rendering of human skin color in computer graphics.
Genotoxicity and Micronucleus Formation as a Result of Panoramic Radiography in Epithelial Cells of the Buccal Mucosa: A Cross‐sectional Study in Adults
Authors: Torabinia Nakisa , Mehdizadeh Mojdeh , Keshani Forooz , Mehdizadeh Mohammadreza , Soltani Parisa , Spagnuolo Gianrico 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the genetic effects of panoramic radiography on the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa by examining the micronucleus formation in these cells.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, exfoliative cytology samples were prepared from the buccal mucosa of 36 patients immediately before and 10 days after panoramic radiography. The samples were prepared using liquid‐based cytology with Papanicolaou staining. The slides were simultaneously evaluated by two expert pathologists and the ratio of the number of cells with micronuclei to the total number of cells on the slide was reported as a percentage. Data analysis was done using paired‐samples T test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and covariance analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThe study sample consisted of 24 (66.67%) males and 12 females (33.33%) with a mean (SD) age of 27.36 (8.19) years. The frequency of cells with micronucleus before and after panoramic radiography was not statistically different (p = 0.468). Additionally, the frequency of micronucleated cells was not correlated with age (p = 0.737) and sex (p = 0.211).ConclusionPanoramic exposure slightly increased the frequency of cells with micronucleus in epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa. However, this increase was not statistically significant.
Surface Acidic Species‐Driven Reductive Amination of Furfural with Ru/T‐ZrO2
Authors: Saini Kanika , Arulananda Babu Srinivasarao , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCatalyst development for upgrading bio‐based chemicals towards primary amines has increasingly attracted owing to their applications in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries. The surface acidic sites in metal oxide‐based catalysts play a key role in the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones involving H2 and NH3; however, the crucial role of the type of surface acidic species and their strength remains unclear. Herein, this study exhibits the catalytic reductive amination of furfural (FUR) to furfurylamine (FUA) with Ru supported on tetragonal (Ru/T‐ZrO2) and monoclinic (Ru/M‐ZrO2) ZrO2. Ru/T‐ZrO2 exhibited an 11.8‐fold higher rate of reductive amination than Ru/M‐ZrO2, giving a quantitative yield of FUA (99 %) at 80 °C in 2.5 h and is recyclable up to four runs. Catalyst surface investigation using spectroscopic techniques, like X‐ray photoelectron, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Raman, confirm higher oxygen vacancy sites (1.6 times) on the surface of Ru/T‐ZrO2 compared to Ru/M‐ZrO2. Moreover, in‐situ NH3‐diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies display that Ru/T‐ZrO2 has more moderate Bronsted acidic sites (surface H‐bonded hydroxyl groups) than Ru/M‐ZrO2. Further, the controlled experiments and poisoning studies with KSCN and 2,6‐lutidine suggest the crucial role of Ov sites (Lewis acidic sites) and surface hydroxyl groups (Bronsted acidic sites) for selective FUA formation.
Semiconductor Effect from Pd(II) Porphyrin Metal to Its Ligand in Photocatalytic N‐Dealkylation
Authors: Liao Borong , Gao Junhao , Weng Pei , He Linya , Zhang Yusheng , Liu Qiuhua , Zhou Zaichun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, four saddled Pd(II) porphyrins were developed as photocatalyst for N‐dealkylation of triethyl Rhodamine (TER) under visible light, and their catalytic ability was found to be negatively related to the out‐of‐plane of their macrocycles. Two important relationships involving the metalloporphyrins as catalyst were revealed: (1) a photoexcitative semiconductor effect between the 4dx2−γ2(Pd) and a2u(π) orbitals of Pd(II) porphyrin on the dealkylation. (2) a domino process from strap length, ring geometry, core deformation, d‐π gap variation, to photocatalytic activity. Two revelations imply a unidirectional electron transfer route from axial ligand, to central metal, to porphyrin ring based on photoexcitation and guide the design and development of complex photocatalysts, and their revelation is attributed to the acquisition of a series of Pd(II) porphyrins with continuous ring distortion. The findings help to understand the photocatalytic single electron transfer (SET)‐first mechanism based on metallic complex.