bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galectin 3‐binding protein (LGALS3BP) depletion attenuates hepatic fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) availability and inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hwan , Sung Minjeong , Park Myong‐Suk , Sun Eun‐Gene , Yoon Sumin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Radhakrishnan Kamalakannan , Jung Sung Yun , Bae Woo‐Kyun , Cho Sang‐Hee , Chung Ik‐Joo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreased Galectin 3‐binding protein (LGALS3BP) serum levels have been used to assess hepatic fibrosis stages and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the crucial role of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in the emergence of these diseases, the present study tested the hypothesis that LGALS3BP regulates the TGF‐β1 signaling pathway.MethodsThe expression levels of LGALS3BP and TGFB1 were analyzed in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and HCC. Multiple omics techniques, such as RNA‐sequencing, transposase‐accessible chromatin‐sequencing assay, and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry proteomics, were used to identify the regulatory mechanisms for the LGALS3BP‐TGF‐β1 axis. The effects of altered TGF‐β1 signaling by LGALS3BP were investigated in conditional LGALS3BP‐knockin and LGALS3BP‐knockout mice.ResultsIn patients with MASH and HCC, the levels of LGALS3BP and TGFB1 exhibited positive correlations. Stimulation of LGALS3BP by the inflammatory cytokine interferon α in HCC cells or ectopic overexpression of LGALS3BP in hepatocytes promoted the expression levels of TGFB1. Aggravated fibrosis was observed in the livers of hepatocyte‐specific LGALS3BP‐knockin mice, with increased TGFB1 levels. LGALS3BP directly bound to and assembled integrin αV, an integral mediator required for releasing active TGF‐β1 from extracellular latent complex with the rearranged F‐actin cytoskeleton. The released TGF‐β1 activated JunB transcription factor, which in turn promoted the TGF‐β1 positive feedback loop. LGALS3BP deletion in the hepatocytes downregulated TGF‐β1 signaling and CCl4 induced fibrosis. Moreover, LGALS3BP depletion hindered hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting the availability of fibrogenic TGF‐β1.ConclusionLGALS3BP plays a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis by controlling the TGF‐β1 signaling pathway, making it a promising therapeutic target in TGF‐β1‐related diseases.
Effects of extrusion on the stability and digestibility of instant coix seed porridge
Authors: Duan Youke , Wu Zijian , Wang Jinrong , Bian Ni , Zhao Pei , Sun Naxin , Chen Jinyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCoix seed is rich in nutrients but its tough husk and resilient structure require substantial energy and cooking time, limiting their utilization and consumption. This study aims to develop a convenient, high‐quality instant coix seed porridge to expand the consumption and utility of coix seed.FindingsExtrusion treatment significantly (p < .05) improved the stability and decreased viscosity of instant coix seed porridge compared to the cooking process, particularly when the extrusion moisture reached 22%. Furthermore, extrusion at the moisture of 18%–22% not only had no significant impact on the water‐soluble protein (WSP) content of instant coix seed porridge but also decreased the starch‐digested ratio when compared with the cooking process, thereby enriching its nutritional value. The increased stability of instant coix seed porridge was due to the exposed hydrophilic groups by disrupted the long‐ and short‐range ordered structure of coix seed starch as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Furthermore, the decreased digestibility was attributed to the formation of starch–lipid complexes.ConclusionsExtrusion can be used to produce instant coix seed porridge with low viscosity, high stability, and delayed starch digestion. In addition, the instant porridge produced by this method can have the same WSP as cooking treatment.Significance and NoveltyThis study provides valuable insights into producing instant coix seed porridge.
Shiitake mushroom‐induced flagellate dermatitis: The first case reported in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Elisha , Basukala Manisha Singh , Mishra Aditi , Pradhan Namrata , Sharma Anupa , Tamang Ashish 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageShiitake mushroom‐induced flagellate dermatitis is a rare but important condition to consider in patients presenting with pruritic skin lesions following mushroom ingestion, especially in regions where such cases are uncommon. Early recognition and appropriate management with oral and topical steroids are crucial for effective symptom resolution and preventing complications. Clinicians should be aware of the characteristic rash and the temporal relationship between mushroom consumption and rash onset. Educating patients about the risks associated with consuming raw or undercooked shiitake mushrooms is essential to prevent recurrence.
A pea in a peculiar place: Unusual case of left upper lobe bronchial foreign body
Authors: Dahal Prajwal , Mahat Ravi , Parajuli Sabina , Dhakal Natasha 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageForeign body aspiration is common in old age, sometimes lodged in unusual locations like the left upper lobe bronchus when aspiration happens in a recumbent position. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool, while flexible bronchoscopy is effective for removing the foreign body.AbstractTracheo‐bronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA) is common in children and elderly, but often goes unnoticed due to vague symptoms and atypical imaging findings. We present a case of aspiration of pea in elderly presenting with acute symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) reveled an atypical site of foreign body (FB), that is left upper lobe bronchus and immediate removal of the FB was done using a flexible bronchoscope. The symptoms subsided after removal of the FB. Missed FBs can lead to chronic issues like pneumonia and airway obstruction. Advanced age, psychiatric illness, stroke, seizure disorder, and neuromuscular disease increase the risk of aspiration in older adults. Commonly, FBs get lodged in the right middle and lower lobes after aspiration due to vertical orientation of the airways. CT is a helpful tool for diagnosis of FBA and flexible bronchoscopy is effective in removal of the FB in elderly.
Kinetic Insights into Na Ion Transfer at the Carbon‐Based Negative Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tsujimoto Shota , Lee Changhee , Nunokawa Ryoich , Kim Yeji , Miyahara Yuto , Miyazaki Kohei , Abe Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relentless quest for sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions has propelled sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) to the forefront of research and development in the realm of rechargeable batteries. This mini review delves into the intricate interfacial kinetics of Na ion transfer within SIBs, with a special focus on the carbon‐based negative electrode/electrolyte interfaces. By synthesizing insights from a myriad of studies encompassing experimental and theoretical analyses, we illuminate the critical role of electrode material properties and interfacial dynamics in dictating the kinetics of Na ion transfer for SIBs. Strategies for optimizing these parameters are scrutinized, revealing pathways to enhance the kinetic behavior of Na ions. Furthermore, emerging materials such as hard carbon, carbon nanospheres, and graphene‐like graphite are evaluated for their potential to surmount existing limitations.
Review on Artificial Interphases for Lithium Metal Anodes: From a Mechanical Perspective
Authors: Peng Yueying , Tamate Ryota , Nishikawa Kei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is a promising candidate for next‐generation high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries. However, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) inevitably suffers from mechanical fracture owing to the large morphological change during Li cycling, leading to the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, low Coulombic efficiency, and short cycle life. The fabrication of an artificial interphase is an effective strategy for improving the performances of Li metal anodes. The ideal artificial interphase should provide sufficient mechanical robustness to suppress dendritic Li growth and accommodate large volume changes during Li deposition‐dissolution cycles. In this review, we focus on the fabrication of mechanically robust artificial interphases for stabilizing Li‐metal anodes, including the underlying mechanism of SEI fracture, quantitative requirements for mechanical properties, measurements of mechanical properties, and recent progress in the fabrication of mechanically stable artificial interphases.
The Structural Properties and Photoelectrocatalytic Response of Mn‐Doped Hematite Photoanodes Prepared via a Modified Electrodeposition Approach
Authors: Kyesmen Pannan I. , Simfukwe Joseph , Jubu Peverga R. , Adeola Adedapo O. , Diale Mmantsae 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concept of nanostructuring and doping of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanodes have been widely engaged towards improving their photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) response. Here, a FeCl3‐based solution was modified with 0–10 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and used as an electrolyte for the electrodeposition of nanostructured α‐Fe2O3 thin films. The electrolyte containing 10 % PEG was further used to prepare Mn‐doped α‐Fe2O3 films by adding 1, 3, 6, and 10 % of MnCl2.4H2O with respect to the molarity of FeCl3. The addition of 10 % PEG into the electrolyte limited particle agglomeration and yielded the best PEC response among the pristine films. The 3 % Mn‐doped α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes produced the highest photocurrent, yielding 2.2 and 6.1‐fold photocurrent enhancement at 1.23 V and 1.5 V vs. RHE respectively, over the pristine films. The improved PEC response is linked to the reduced particle agglomeration and improved charge transport properties observed for the films. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the formation energies yielded negative values for the Mn‐doped α‐Fe2O3, which implies that the materials are thermodynamically stable after doping. This work introduces a new pathway for the electrodeposition of doped α‐Fe2O3 films and underscores the roles of Mn‐doping in boosting their PEC response.
Material selection and manufacturing for high‐temperature heat exchangers: Review of state‐of‐the‐art development, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Elliott Amy M. , Aguirre Trevor G. , Yoon Bola , Fricke Brian A. , Rao Vivek , Jain Prashant , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany energy systems demand heat transfer at high temperatures to keep up with high demand for power, so high‐temperature material that can perform and last under these harsh conditions is needed for heat exchangers. The engineering requirements for these high‐temperature heat exchanger material call for high thermal conductivity, high resistance to fracture, high resistance to creep deformation, environmental stability in environments associated with the application, and high modulus of elasticity while maintaining low cost to make and maintain. Naturally, ceramics are a good solution for this endeavor. In the past, high‐temperature heat exchangers made from ceramics have been used. We provide examples of ceramics in relevant heat exchange applications and provide motivation where additive manufacturing (AM) can improve efficiency. AM for the relevant material is under development, and we provide insight on the AM of ceramic materials and examples of AM heat exchangers keeping cost in mind. The motivation of the review paper is to provide a framework for material and manufacturing selection for high‐temperature heat exchangers for AM to keep up with the demand for better efficiency, better material, better manufacturing, and cost moving forward with AM technology in high‐temperature ceramic heat exchangers.
Synthesis of Ce(IV) Heteroleptic Double‐Decker Complex with a New Helical Naphthalocyanine as a Potential Gearing Subunit
Authors: Subramaniam Jeevithra Dewi , Hattori Yohei , Asanoma Fumio , Nishino Toshio , Yasuhara Kazuma , Martin Colin J. , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of a cerium(IV)‐based molecular gear composed of a thioether functionalized phthalocyanine anchoring ligand, and a helical naphthalocyanine rotating cogwheel functionalized with four carbazoles. The naphthalocyanine ligand 9 was obtained after eleven steps (overall yield of 0.2 %) as a mixture of three geometrical isomers, two of which are chiral and exhibit high levels of steric hindrance, as shown by DFT calculations. Their attributions have been made using 1H‐NMR based on their different symmetry groups. The ratio of isomers was also determined and the prochiral C4h naphthalocyanine shown to be the major compound (55 %). Its heteroleptic complexation with cerium (IV) and the anchoring phthalocyanine ligand 10 gave the targeted molecular gear in a 16 % yield.
Updated delegated proof of stake and Nash equilibrium: A mining pool game model for blockchain network
Authors: M Namratha , Singh Kunwar 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn the present era, blockchain technology has an extensive variety of uses in the financial, marketing, and so forth. The performance and security of the blockchain system are directly affected by the consensus algorithm. Since there are 30 consensus techniques like proof of stake, delegated proof of stake, and proof of work, and so forth in the previous years, the operating efficiency, safety, and stability still lag behind the basic requirements. To this concern, this research manuscript introduces a novel consensus mechanism‐based game model using upgraded delegated proof of stake (UDPoS) and Nash equilibrium (NE) that is UDPoS‐NE. In a blockchain network powered by UDPoS, blockchain miners provide computing power to publish blocks. Due to a single miner's limited Computing Power (CP), miners frequently join mining pools and divide the pool's profits in accordance with their respective contributions. However, certain miners launch block‐withholding attacks that lead to loss the computer power and endanger the blockchain network's effectiveness. Therefore, NE is used to calculate cooperative game solutions and optimize policy decisions of the miners to frustrate the block withholding attack by the influence of stakes and computing power on producing blocks. Using this mechanism, efficiency, and stability in the consensus process is achieved through the combined influence of computing resources and stakes on block generation. Finally, the suggested model's applicability and validity are confirmed with a throughput (600 TPS), delay (3 s), and energy consumption (<100 KWh) for 10 nodes and processing time (0.9 s) for 200 nodes.
From Lithium and Sodium Superoxides to Singlet‐Oxygen – Insights into the Mechanism of Dissociation Using SHARC‐MD
Authors: Pietruschka Dennis S. , Zaichenko Aleksandr , Richter Martin , Gräfe Stefanie , Mollenhauer Doreen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen from alkaline superoxides presents an important reactivity of this component class. Investigations of the reaction paths such as disproportionation of LiO2 and NaO2 have been presented. Furthermore, the dissociation of these superoxide systems have been discussed as an alternative reaction channel that also allows the formation of singlet oxygen. Here, we present a fundamental study of the electronic nature and dissociation behaviour of the alkali superoxides. The molecular systems were calculated at the CASSCF/CASPT2‐level of theory. We determined the minimum energy crossing points along the dissociation required to form triplet oxygen 3O2 and singlet oxygen 1O2. Building on these results, a surface‐hopping AIMD‐simulation was performed employing the SHARC program package to follow the electronic transitions along the minimum energy crossing points during the dissociation. The feasibility of populating the electronic state corresponding to the formation of singlet oxygen during dissociation was demonstrated. For LiO2, 6.85 % of the trajectories were found to terminate under formation of 1O2, whereas for NaO2 only 1.68 % of the trajectories ended up in 1O2 formation. This represents an inverse trend to that reported in the literature. This observation suggests that the dissociation is a viable, monomolecular reaction path to 1O2 that complements the disproportionation pathway.
The Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting Interventions for Military Veterans With Nightmares and Sleep Disturbances: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hicks Marya , Simonds Laura M. , Morison Linda 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTImagery rescripting (ImRs) interventions have been found effective in improving sleep outcomes, although research has mostly focused on civilian, rather than military, samples. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effectiveness of ImRs interventions for military veterans on primary outcomes of nightmare frequency and sleep quality. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection and the PTSDpubs database and was completed on 1 November 2021. Randomised controlled trials, nonrandomised trials and pre–post studies of ImRs interventions in veterans with sleep disturbances or nightmares were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool, and meta‐analysis was performed using Stata. Nineteen articles from 15 empirical studies were included in the review, and data from the 15 studies (involving 658 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis findings indicated that ImRs interventions are associated with significant positive changes from pretreatment to posttreatment for nightmare and sleep quality. Significantly greater improvements were found in ImRs interventions compared to control groups for sleep quality (Hedges' g = −0.65, 95% CI [−1.20, −0.10]) but not for nightmare frequency (Hedges' g = −0.10, 95% CI [−0.34, 0.14]). Overall, the meta‐analysis included a relatively small number of studies with poor methodological quality and considerable heterogeneity; therefore, findings should be cautiously interpreted. Further research should focus on veteran participants with larger samples and from a broader range of sources to determine effectiveness more confidently.
Prolonged Exposure for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Exhibiting Psychotic Symptoms: A Scoping Review
Authors: Deleuran D. H. K. , Skov O. , Bo S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrauma is a significant risk factor for developing psychosis. Nevertheless, psychosis is often considered grounds for not receiving trauma‐focused therapy due to concerns of exacerbating psychotic symptoms. Prolonged exposure (PE) is a recognized and effective evidence‐based therapy modality for the treatment of severe trauma.ObjectiveTo assess the available empirical evidence for PE as a feasible treatment programme for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with psychotic symptoms.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted using the databases Scopus, PsycINFO (OVID) and PubMed MEDLINE in December 2023 with a priori defined eligibility criteria. The literature search identified 1226 articles, of which eight met the eligibility criteria. Five studies exploring the effects of PE treatment on patients diagnosed with PTSD and suffering from comorbid psychotic experiences were included. Three studies containing follow‐up data or secondary analysis on PTSD and psychotic symptoms from original studies fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Each study was assessed for quality to estimate the risk of bias.ResultsAcknowledging the scarcity of available evidence, the results of the scoping review indicate that PE may be an effective treatment approach for reducing PTSD symptoms in patients with PTSD and comorbid psychotic symptoms. The reviewed studies found no iatrogenic effects, including no increase in psychotic symptoms.ConclusionPE appears to be a possibly effective PTSD treatment for patients suffering from PTSD and comorbid psychotic symptoms or disorders. However, the evidence is scarce, and larger confirmative trials are required for more conclusive evidence.
The Growth Mechanism of Layered Hexagonal Boron Nitride Crystal on Copper Foil
Authors: Lei Xia , Gao Guangcun , Wang Jieqiong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2D hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), which has a similar honeycomb lattice structure to graphene, is a promising dielectric material for a wide variety of applications. Herein, the growth of high‐quality and large‐size multilayer h‐BN crystals on Cu foils is reported by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at atmospheric pressure. The size of an individual isolated hexagonal crystal of h‐BN is about 20 µm, and the thickness is 3 nm. This paper studies the variables that affect h‐BN growth during the process and the microstructure changes during the growth. Through analysis of the thermal and dynamic processes of chemical vapor deposition, relationships are derived between the mass of h‐BN grown in the gas phase and various temperature and pressure factors. This information is used to develop appropriate parameters for commercial copper foil growth. Finally, using optimized conditions, high‐quality h‐BN at high pressure and low gas flow conditions are grown.
Fast computation of radio wave diffraction effects
Authors: Mejstrik Thomas , Berisha Taulant , Woblistin Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

SummaryUnmanned aerial vehicle operations are quickly gaining ground due to rapid global market penetration. While on one hand, novel technologies that bridge communication networks to aviation industry are yet to be explored, on the other hand, their development requires highly scalable systems to enable beyond visual line‐of‐sight missions. This requirement imposes a big bottleneck in terms of computation complexity. This paper presents a method for fast computation of multiple diffraction of radio waves over knife‐edge obstacles based on the Deygout technique and some offline computation steps, including a ground profile analysis. We prove that this algorithm is equivalent to the original Deygout algorithm for all non‐line‐of‐sight points, show heuristics confirming that it is mostly applicable in the line‐of‐sight case. The computational and memory complexity of our algorithm is approximately
, compared to
for the original Deygout algorithm. Finally we discuss how to apply the approach to the Epstein‐Peterson technique and the Giovanelli technique, and how to use it to compute clutter‐loss.