bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Bordetella pertussis Brazilian Vaccine Strain
Authors: Akamatsu M. A. , Nishiyama M. Y. , Morone M. , Oliveira U. C. , Bezerra M. F. B. , Sakauchi M. A. , Raw I. , Junqueira de Azevedo I. L. M. , Kitajima J. P. , Carvalho E. , Ho P. L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Despite the reduction in incidence after vaccination, pertussis disease is still considered a public health problem worldwide, mainly due to recent and potential new outbreaks. We report here the complete genome of the
Bordetella pertussis
Butantan strain used in the Brazilian National Immunization Program as a whole-cell pertussis antigen to compose vaccines such as DTwP (diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis).
Complete Genome Sequence of the Nitrogen-Fixing and Solvent-Producing Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Grosse-Honebrink Alexander , Zhang Ying , Minton Nigel P. , Daniel Rolf 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report on the closed genome sequence of
Clostridium pasteurianum
DSM 525, which is an anaerobic, Gram-positive and endospore-forming organism. C. pasteurianum can fix N
2
and produce solvents such as butanol and 1,3-propanediol from carbohydrates. The genome consists of a single 4,350,673-bp replicon.
Complete Genome Sequence and Methylome Analysis of Bacillus Strain X1
Authors: Fomenkov Alexey , Lunnen Keith D. , Zhu Zhenyu , Anton Brian P. , Wilson Geoffrey G. , Vincze Tamas , Roberts Richard J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Bacillus strain X1 is the source strain for the restriction enzyme BstXI. Its complete sequence and full methylome was determined using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing.
Large observer variation of clinical assessment of dyspnoeic wheezing children
Authors: Bekhof Jolita , Reimink Roelien , Bartels Ine-Marije , Eggink Hendriekje , Brand Paul L P 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundIn children with acute dyspnoea, the assessment of severity of dyspnoea and response to treatment is often performed by different professionals, implying that knowledge of the interobserver variation of this clinical assessment is important.ObjectiveTo determine intraobserver and interobserver variation in clinical assessment of children with dyspnoea.MethodsFrom September 2009 to September 2010, we recorded a convenience sample of 27 acutely wheezing children (aged 3 months–7 years) in the emergency department of a general teaching hospital in the Netherlands, on video before and after treatment with inhaled bronchodilators. These video recordings were independently assessed by nine observers scoring wheeze, prolonged expiratory phase, retractions, nasal flaring and a general assessment of dyspnoea on a Likert scale (0–10). Assessment was repeated after 2 weeks to evaluate intraobserver variation.ResultsWe analysed 972 observations. Intraobserver reliability was the highest for supraclavicular retractions (κ 0.84) and moderate-to-substantial for other items (κ 0.49–0.65). Interobserver reliability was considerably worse, with κ<0.46 for all items. The smallest detectable change of the dyspnoea score (>3 points) was larger than the minimal important change (<1 point), meaning that in 69% of observations a clinically important change after treatment cannot be distinguished from measurement error.ConclusionsIntraobserver variation is modest, and interobserver variation is large for most clinical findings in children with dyspnoea. The measurement error induced by this variation is too large to distinguish potentially clinically relevant changes in dyspnoea after treatment in two-thirds of observations. The poor interobserver reliability of clinical dyspnoea assessment in children limits its usefulness in clinical practice and research, and highlights the need to use more objective measurements in these patients.
Breastfeeding duration and non-verbal IQ in children
Authors: Sajjad Ayesha , Tharner Anne , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C , Jaddoe Vincent VW , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C , Franco Oscar H , Tiemeier Henning , Roza Sabine J 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundBreastfeeding has been related to better cognitive development in children. However, due to methodological challenges, such as confounding, recall bias or insufficient power, the mechanism and nature of the relation remains subject to debate.MethodsWe included 3761 participants of a population-based cohort study from fetal life onwards and examined the association of breastfeeding duration with non-verbal intelligence in children of age 6 years. Maternal and paternal lifestyle, sociodemographic factors, child factors and maternal IQ were tested for their confounding effects on the association.ResultsWe observed an initial association between breastfeeding duration and child IQ conferring an advantage of 0.32 (0.20 to 0.44) points for each additional month of breastfeeding. This association strongly attenuated to 0.09 (−0.03 to 0.21) points after adjustment for child factors, sociodemographic factors, parental lifestyle factors and maternal IQ. Similarly, the associations with breastfeeding duration as a categorical variable largely disappeared after confounding factors were added to the models.ConclusionsThe association between breastfeeding and child IQ can be largely explained by sociodemographic factors, parental lifestyle and maternal IQ. Our results cannot confirm beneficial effects of breastfeeding on child intelligence.
Excessive crying at 3 months of age and behavioural problems at 4 years age: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Santos Iná S , Matijasevich Alicia , Capilheira Marcelo F , Anselmi Luciana , Barros Fernando C 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundExcessive crying in early infancy has been associated with behavioural problems among preschool children from high income countries but studies in low income and middle income countries are scarce.MethodsThe 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort is a population-based study planned to enrol all live births occurring in Pelotas that year and comprises 4231 children who so far have been followed up at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 months of age. Several familial, maternal and child characteristics were gathered in every follow-up. At the 3-month follow-up, infants whose mothers perceived them as crying more than others of the same age were classified as ‘crying babies’. Child behavioural problems were assessed through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) applied to the mother at the 48-month follow-up. Crude and adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of excessive crying at 3 months was 11.9% (10.9% to 13.0%). Among children with excessive crying at 3 months the proportion in the clinical range for CBCL total, internalising and externalising problems at 4 years of age was 31.2%, 12.9% and 37.5%, respectively, against 20.6%, 6.8% and 29.6%, respectively, among non-crying babies. After controlling for confounders crying babies presented increased risk of being in clinical range of CBCL total (OR=1.34; 1.03 to 1.74), internalising (OR=1.55; 1.09 to 2.21) and externalising problems (OR=1.29; 1.01 to 1.64) than infants without excessive crying.ConclusionsExcessive crying in early infancy may represent one important risk factor for developing behavioural problems in later phases of early childhood.
Standard medical care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in large specialised centres: data from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Republic of Kazakhstan (ESSENCE)
Authors: Nasonov E , Soloviev S , Davidson J E , Lila A , Togizbayev G , Ivanova R , Baimukhamedov Ch , Omarbekova Zh , Iaremenko O , Gnylorybov A , Shevchuk S , Vasylyev A , Pereira M H S 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo describe disease characteristics and treatment regimens for adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with autoantibody positive disease in three countries (the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Republic of Kazakhstan).MethodsThe ESSENCE study was a 1-year, retrospective, multicentre, observational study. Data included patients’ characteristics, disease activity and severity, and healthcare resource use in 2010.ResultsTwelve centres enrolled 436 eligible patients: 232 in Russia, 110 in Kazakhstan and 94 in Ukraine. Mean age ranged from 36 to 42 years and median SLE duration from 3 to 6.8 years. According to study definitions, 69.2% of patients in Russia, 72.7% in Kazakhstan and 55.4% in Ukraine had severe disease at diagnosis. SLE activity (Nasonova classification, 1972) decreased from diagnosis to the last visit in 2010 in all countries. At the last visit, mean (SD) Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score was 13.8 (10.5) in Russia, 19.4 (16.9) in Kazakhstan and 7.2 (6.8) in Ukraine, and Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index was 2.0 (2.2), 3.3 (3.2) and 2.2 (2.0), respectively. Treatment regimens included predominantly glucocorticoids (96.7–99.1%), immunosuppressants or cytotoxic drugs, for example, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide (20.7–53.2%), and antimalarial drugs (18.3–40.8%).ConclusionsThe study provides reliable insight into the SLE clinical profiles in the referenced countries. Patients were 4–10 years younger in the study and had 3–7 years shorter SLE duration than in Western European countries and both SLE activity and severity were higher with higher rate of hospitalisations, but decreased during treatment. Local and international scales demonstrated correlation in SLE activity and organ damage evaluation. There were differences in clinical characteristics and healthcare features across the countries.
PolySia-Specific Retargeting of Oncolytic Viruses Triggers Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and Facilitates Therapy of Disseminated Lung Cancer
Authors: Kloos Arnold , Woller Norman , Gürlevik Engin , Ureche Cristina-Ileana , Niemann Julia , Armbrecht Nina , Martin Nikolas T. , Geffers Robert , Manns Michael P. , Gerardy-Schahn Rita , Kühnel Florian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is expressed on several malignant tumors of neuroendocrine origin, including small cell lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of tumor-directed T-cell responses, elicited by polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenovirus infection, in an orthotopic murine model of disseminated polySia-positive lung cancer. In several cell lines, we demonstrated highly polySia-selective retargeting of adenoviral infection using a bispecific adapter comprising the ectodomain of the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor and a polySia-recognizing single-chain antibody domain. PolySia-dependent systemic infection in vivo facilitated effective uptake of viruses in subcutaneous polySia-expressing human tumors, whereas hepatic viral load and hepatotoxicity were significantly reduced. The impact and nature of antitumoral immune responses triggered by systemic delivery of polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses were investigated in an orthotopic model of disseminated lung cancer. Interestingly, improved transduction by polySia-retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses led to CD45-positive cell infiltrates in close association with large lytic areas. Consistently, enhanced tumor regression and prolonged survival was only observed in immunocompetent mice, but not in T-cell–deficient mice. To investigate whether improved systemic infection by polySia retargeting would elicit a tumor-specific T-cell response, we screened the used lung cancer cells for mutated oncogenes by complete exon sequencing. In agreement with our other results, only retargeted oncolysis was able to induce a significant response specific for the tumor-associated neoepitope Gsta2-Y9H. In conclusion, we demonstrated that effective retargeting of oncolytic adenovirus against polySia-expressing tumors elicits an effective tumor-directed T-cell response after systemic virus delivery and facilitates therapy of disseminated lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(7); 751–63. ©2015 AACR.
Randomized Pilot Trial of Gene Expression Profiling Versus Heart Biopsy in the First Year After Heart Transplant
Authors: Kobashigawa Jon , Patel Jignesh , Azarbal Babak , Kittleson Michelle , Chang David , Czer Lawrence , Daun Tiffany , Luu Minh , Trento Alfredo , Cheng Richard , Esmailian Fardad 
Published: February 2015

Background—
The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard in rejection surveillance post cardiac transplant, but is invasive, with risk of complications. A previous trial suggested that the gene expression profiling (GEP) blood test was noninferior to EMB between 6 and 60 months post transplant. As most rejections occur in the first 6 months, we conducted a single-center randomized trial of GEP versus EMB starting at 55 days post transplant (when GEP is valid).

Methods and Results—

Sixty heart transplant patients meeting inclusion criteria were randomized beginning at 55 days post transplant to either GEP or EMB arms. A positive GEP ≥30 between 2 and 6 months, or ≥34 after 6 months, prompted a follow-up biopsy. The primary end point included a composite of death/retransplant, rejection with hemodynamic compromise or graft dysfunction at 18 months post transplant. A coprimary end point included change in first-year maximal intimal thickness by intravascular ultrasound, a recognized surrogate for long-term outcome. Corticosteroid weaning was assessed in both the groups. The composite end point was similar between the GEP and EMB groups (10% versus 17%; log-rank
P
=0.44). The coprimary end point of first-year intravascular ultrasound change demonstrated no difference in mean maximal intimal thickness (0.35±0.36 versus 0.36±0.26 mm;
P
=0.944). Steroid weaning was successful in both the groups (91% versus 95%).

Conclusions—
In this pilot study, GEP starting at 55 days post transplant seems comparable with EMB for rejection surveillance in selected heart transplant patients and does not result in increased adverse outcomes. GEP also seems useful to guide corticosteroid weaning. Larger randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00962377.
Noninvasive Imaging of Early Venous Thrombosis by
19
F Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Targeted Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions
Authors: Temme Sebastian , Grapentin Christoph , Quast Christine , Jacoby Christoph , Grandoch Maria , Ding Zhaoping , Owenier Christoph , Mayenfels Friederike , Fischer Jens W. , Schubert Rolf , Schrader Jürgen , Flögel Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Noninvasive detection of deep venous thrombi and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious medical challenge, since both incidences are difficult to identify by conventional ultrasound techniques.

Methods and Results—

Here, we report a novel technique for the sensitive and specific identification of developing thrombi using background-free
19
F magnetic resonance imaging, together with α2-antiplasmin peptide (α2
AP
)–targeted perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) as contrast agent, which is cross-linked to fibrin by active factor XIII. Ligand functionality was ensured by mild coupling conditions using the sterol-based postinsertion technique. Developing thrombi with a diameter <0.8 mm could be visualized unequivocally in the murine inferior vena cava as hot spots in vivo by simultaneous acquisition of anatomic matching
1
H and
19
F magnetic resonance images at 9.4 T with both excellent signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (71±22 and 17±5, respectively). Furthermore, α2
AP
-PFCs could be successfully applied for the diagnosis of experimentally induced pulmonary thromboembolism. In line with the reported half-life of factor XIIIa, application of α2
AP
-PFCs >60 minutes after thrombus induction no longer resulted in detectable
19
F magnetic resonance imaging signals. Corresponding results were obtained in ex vivo generated human clots. Thus, α2
AP
-PFCs can visualize freshly developed thrombi that might still be susceptible to pharmacological intervention.

Conclusions—

Our results demonstrate that
1
H/
19
F magnetic resonance imaging, together with α2
AP
-PFCs, is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombi and pulmonary thromboemboli. Furthermore, ligand coupling by the sterol-based postinsertion technique represents a unique platform for the specific targeting of PFCs for in vivo
19
F magnetic resonance imaging.
Echolucency of the Carotid Artery Intima‐Media Complex and Intima‐Media Thickness Have Different Cardiovascular Risk Factor Relationships: The Women's Interagency HIV Study
Authors: Jung Molly , Parrinello Christina M. , Xue Xiaonan , Mack Wendy J. , Anastos Kathryn , Lazar Jason M. , Selzer Robert H. , Shircore Anne M. , Plankey Michael , Tien Phyllis , Cohen Mardge , Gange Stephen J. , Hodis Howard N. , Kaplan Robert C. 
Published: February 2015

Background

Adults infected with
HIV
have increased atherosclerosis potentially associated with both
HIV
and non‐
HIV
associated factors. We characterized risk factors for atherosclerosis as measured by noninvasive vascular imaging.

Methods and Results

We used B‐mode ultrasound to examine levels and correlates of echogenicity and vessel wall thickness of the carotid artery intima‐media complex in 1282
HIV
‐infected and 510
HIV
‐uninfected women of the Women's Interagency
HIV
Study. Levels of gray scale median (
GSM
, a measure of echogenicity) did not vary between
HIV
infection groups. In both groups, smokers had increased
GSM
, whereas age, diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and high
BMI
were associated with lower (rather than higher)
GSM
. Each of these non‐lipid
CVD
risk factors, especially age and blood pressure, was also associated with higher levels of carotid artery intima‐media thickness (
cIMT
). Higher serum triglyceride levels were associated with lower
GSM
in both
HIV
‐infected and
HIV
‐uninfected groups. Additional lipid risk factors for low
GSM
including high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol levels were identified in
HIV
uninfected but not in
HIV
infected women. In contrast to findings for
GSM
, among the lipid parameters only LDL cholesterol level had an association with
cIMT
, which was observed only in the
HIV
uninfected group.

Conclusions
Lipid and non‐lipid risk factor associations with echolucency of the carotid artery and the thickness of the common carotid artery intima‐media layer suggest that these measures capture different aspects of atherosclerosis.
Child developmental outcomes in preschool children following antidepressant exposure in pregnancy
Authors: Galbally Megan , Lewis Andrew J , Buist Anne 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To examine child developmental outcomes in preschool-aged children exposed to antidepressant medication in pregnancy and compare their outcomes to children not exposed. Method: A prospective case-controlled study of 20 children exposed to antidepressants in pregnancy and 21 unexposed controls was available from the Victorian Psychotropic Registry. Child development outcomes at 4 years of age were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third edition; the Movement Assessment Battery for Children; Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning–Preschool; and the Child Behavior Checklist (1.5–5 years). Maternal depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II in pregnancy and at four time points across infancy and early childhood. Results: Children exposed to antidepressants in pregnancy had no statistically significant differences compared to unexposed children on any of the measures of child development undertaken. There was a trend to slightly lower scores in motor development with a small effect size for two scales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children: balance – Cohen’s d=0.36; aiming and catching – Cohen’s d=0.34. Conclusions: The finding of no effect on cognition and behaviour are consistent with other previous studies conducted with younger children. Likewise, the trend towards lower motor development is similar to earlier findings from this study and a number of other similar studies. Given this trend there is a need for future research that focuses on this area of development in older children using robust measures of motor development.
Oral health promotion and homelessness: A theory-based approach to understanding processes of implementation and adoption
Authors: Beaton Laura , Freeman Ruth 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To use the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations as a framework to explore the qualitative data gleaned from a process evaluation of the Smile4life intervention across Scottish National Health Service (NHS) Boards and to inform future oral health promotion and homelessness. Design: A qualitative exploration. Setting: In 2012, the Smile4life programme to promote the oral health of homeless people was launched in Scotland. Practitioners received training to ensure its successful implementation and adoption. A process evaluation began in February 2013. Method: A total of 20 oral health officers from the 11 participating NHS Boards took part in the process evaluation. They were interviewed each month for a 17-month period. Boards were placed into adoption categories based on the time taken to adoption. The data were analysed using a framework approach. Results: The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations was used to define ‘time to adoption’ and to classify participating NHS Boards’ adoption categories. It was also used to identify diffusion variables that underpinned Smile4life adoption. For Boards that more readily adopted Smile4life, the diffusion variables of familiarity and good social exchanges appeared to promote implementation. Numerous conflicts emerged, however, in late adoption Boards. These included a lack of resources and practitioner ambivalence, which slowed up implementation. Conclusion: The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations provided a useful theoretical framework for understanding the processes in the implementation and adoption of the Smile4life programme. It allowed specific training requirements for the practitioners to emerge to facilitate diffusion of the programme in their Boards.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kim Chun-Ja , Kang Hee Sun , Schlenk Elizabeth A. , Chae Sun-Mi 
Published: February 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by comparing the Framingham and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk equations in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey enrolling a convenience sample of 110 Korean adults with T2DM and metabolic syndrome. The 10-year CVD risk scores were calculated using the Framingham risk equation and UKPDS risk engines. Results Overall participants had a moderate prevalence (average, 64.3%) of metabolic syndrome factors, with the most prevalent being abdominal obesity (86.4%) and elevated blood pressure (78.2%). A lower percentage of women were current smokers and consumed alcohol than men, whereas a higher percentage of men had their weight and stress controlled than women. The mean scores of 10-year CVD risk using the Framingham and UKPDS equations were 14.55% and 15.99%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between results of the 2 equations. Regarding level of CVD risk, the percentage of high risk (>20%) was about 24% using both equations. Also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves using Framingham and UKPDS equations was similar: 0.707 and 0.696, respectively, which indicated moderate accuracy. Conclusions About one-fourth of adults with T2DM and metabolic syndrome had high level of CVD risk (>20%). In practice, people with diabetes and metabolic syndrome could be managed earlier and more intensively based on their risk estimated by the Framingham or UKPDS equations.