bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Incidence of Emergence Delirium in Adult Nasal Surgery
Authors: Steinkampf Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Background/Purpose/Question.
Emergence delirium (ED) is an acute phenomenon that develops in the early phase of recovery from general anesthesia, and characterized by confusion, disorientation, & possible violent behavior, and is a common occurrence particularly with nasal surgery. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that results in anxiolysis, sedation, analgesia, and sympatholysis without depressing ventilation. This educational scholarly project aimed to review the literature and investigate the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on the incidence of ED in adults recovering from general anesthesia after nasal surgery.
Methods/Evidence Search.
PubMed and EMBASE were structurally searched from 2011 to 2021. Five randomized controlled studies (RCT) were selected that compared intraoperative dexmedetomidine to a placebo and how the recovery profile was affected in adults after nasal surgery. Key search terms included “anesthesia”, “dexmedetomidine”, “emergence”, “nasal surgery”.
Synthesis of Literature/Results/Discussion.
There were collectively 392 participants across these five studies, and the incidence of ED in dexmedetomidine groups was significantly lower than control groups (respectively 21% vs. 50%). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) among dexmedetomidine groups exhibited less variability during emergence without hypotension, which indicates a more stable hemodynamic profile. Analgesic and antiemetic requirements in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) were decreased in dexmedetomidine groups, however these results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion/Recommendations for Practice.
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine significantly decreases the incidence of ED. Secondary effects, like hemodynamic stability and analgesia, were observed, but these qualities need to be further studied before they can be generalized. Overall, dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective anesthetic adjunct that facilitates a smoother emergence after nasal surgery without any complications.
Keywords:
Anesthesia, dexmedetomidine, emergence, nasal surgery
Retrograde Insertion Approach for Anterior Distal Femoral Hemiepiphysiodesis Procedure
Authors: Krajewski Kellen T. , Miller Scott , Dimovski Radomir , Rhodes Jason , De Sayan 
Published: August 2024

Case:
A 13-year-old adolescent boy with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) presented with crouch gait and bilateral knee flexion contractures (KFCs). After failure of conservative treatments, the patient was referred to orthopaedics for surgical intervention. Anterior distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis (ADFH), using a retrograde approach, and Strayer gastrocnemius recession were performed bilaterally. No complications were reported during surgery/follow-up. Full-active knee extension and improved gait were achieved.

Conclusion:
KFC is prevalent in ambulatory patients with CP, reducing gait function. Retrograde ADFH is an effective surgical intervention to reduce KFC and improve gait, and offers simpler insertion/removal than the traditional antegrade technique.
Aspergilloma Superinfection in the Spinal Canal of an 18-Year-Old Man
Authors: Ved Yash Prakash , Jain Deepika , Rathod Tushar 
Published: August 2024

Case:
An 18-year-old immunocompetent man presented with symptomatic lumbar canal stenosis, discharging sinuses, and cold abscess for 3 years treated with multiple incision drainage procedures with cottonoid packing antibiotic therapy. Radiographic imaging showed a soft tissue mass in the canal causing bony destruction. Postoperative histopathological examination showed an Aspergillus fungal ball. Patient showed improvement at 6-month follow-up with medical management.

Conclusion:
As far as we know, this is the first case report showing an aspergilloma involving the vertebral column. Inadequate antibiotic treatment and blind introduction of a foreign body into sinus tracts can lead to fungal infections mimicking tuberculosis, causing disastrous outcomes. Fungal cultures are recommended routinely.
Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of the Patella
Authors: Harper Jacob , Weatherby Paul J. , Foreman Mark A. 
Published: August 2024

Case:
A 38-year-old woman presented to our clinic with right knee pain and difficulty ambulating. After cultures were obtained, a cryptococcal infection of the patella was identified. Subsequent workup revealed previously undiagnosed HIV/AIDS and a disseminated cryptococcal infection.

Conclusion:
Over a 20-month course, the patient was treated with fluconazole and antiretroviral therapy with very limited medication compliance. The disseminated infection caused cutaneous, hepatic, and cerebral complications. Eventually, compliance improved, and a final procedure to obtain post-treatment cultures and apply antifungal bone matrix was completed. The patient cleared the infection and will likely require lifetime antifungal treatment.
MANAJEMEN TEAMWORK DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI TK KELURAHAN SOKANEGARA PURWOKERTO
Authors: Wijayanti Catur Menik 
Published: August 2024

Dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka pada sebuah satuan pendidikan dibutuhkan manajemen teamwork yang akan mendukung suksesnya implementasi kurikulum merdeka atau yang sering disebut dengan IKM. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif memiliki kesempatan untuk mengenali subjek dan merasakan pengalaman yang dialami sebjek dalam kehidupan sehari- hari. Manajemen teamwork dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka PAUD adalah suatu manajemen yang mengembangkan atau memperkenalkan pendekatan manajemen teamwork yang spesifik dan dioptimalkan untuk implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka PAUD yang dilaksanakan di TK Kelurahan Sokanegara Purwokerto. Manajemen Teamwork dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Paud adalah untuk menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang efektif, inklusif dan mendukung perkembangan anak usia dini. Melalui manajemen teamwork kualitas pembelajaran anak usia dini dapat ditingkatkan, perhatian dan bimbingan yang diberikan kepada anak usia dini sesuai dengan kebutuhan minat dan potensi anak.
An updated method on the injectivity of integral operators related to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Alcantara-Bode equivalence ([2], 1993) of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH, 1859) consists in the injectivity of a certain Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator, result obtained from Beurling equivalent formulation of RH ([4], 1955).
Both outstanding equivalences reduced RH to a concrete problem solvable with techniques outside of the pure math.
The theory and the associated methods introduced for the investigation of the injectivity of the linear bounded operators on separable Hilbert spaces, have been used to prove the injectivity of the integral operator part in the equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis.
The Theorem 1 shows that a strict positive linear bounded operator on a dense set is injective. Lemma 1 simplifies considerably the transition from the theory to its associated methods.
The result obtained has been like in [1], this time without using the operator orthogonal projections on finite dimension subspaces and without to involve its adjoint.
As a consequence of the injectivity of the integral operator due to the equivalent formulation of Alcantara-Bode, RH holds i.e.: the non trivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function are on the vertical line sigma = 1/2.
With this article, a reformulation and improvement of [1], we consider the 165 years old Riemann Hypothesis - a Clay Inst. Millennium Problems, solved.
Robotic Embodied Intelligence: Integrating Language Models, Curated Knowledge, and Multimodal Feedback for Complex Task Success
Authors: Mon-Williams Ruaridh , Li Gen , Long Ran , Du Wenqian , Lucas Chris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Completing complex tasks in unpredictable settings (e.g., kitchens) currently challenges robotic systems, requiring a step change in machine intelligence. Sensorimotor abilities are widely considered integral to human intelligence. Thus, nature inspired machine intelligence might usefully combine artificial intelligence with robotic sensorimotor capabilities. On this basis, we created a novel framework that bootstrapped Large Language Models, a curated Knowledge Base, and Integrated Force and Visual Feedback (code available via an open-source GitHub repository). We hypothesised that this approach would transform the ability of robots to complete complex tasks in unpredictable settings. We tested our approach using a coffee making and plate decoration task. Our methodology enabled a robot to complete these complex tasks which included components ranging from draw opening to pouring, each benefiting from distinct feedback types and methods. This novel combination marks significant progress towards scalable, efficient, ‘intelligent robots’ able to complete complex tasks in uncertain environments.
Chemical-induced dimerization of GSDMD C-terminal domain blocks GSDMD N-terminal domain-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Chu Xiufeng , Xu Jixuan , Zheng Pengyuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

GSDMD is a pyroptosis executioner protein, in which the C-terminal domain (GD-CT) inhibits the pore-forming ability of N-terminal domain (GD-NT). Caspase-cleavage separates GD-NT and GD-CT, and then the free GD-NTs oligomerize and form nano-sized pyroptotic pores in plasma membrane. It is still not clear why the free GD-CT fragment cannot block GD-NT. Here in the current study, we found that the free GD-CT retained the interaction with the free GD-NT. However, GD-CT was totally kept in cytoplasm, while GD-NT was partially transported to plasma membrane. This distributional alteration caused a spatial isolation from each other. What's more, GD-CT was an unstable peptide with a faster turnover time than GD-NT. These features make GD-CT inefficiently block GD-NT and allow pyroptosis to happen. We designed the chemical-induced dimerization (CID) chimera protein "FKBP-GD-CT". The myristoylation motif helps the chimera translocate to plasma membrane, and FKBP12F36V domain makes the chimera dimerize in response to the chemical AP20187. we found that FKBP-GD-CT blocked GD-NT-mediated pyroptosis more efficiently than GD-CT. We concluded that the free GD-CT still holds the ability of blocking pyroptosis, and this blocking ability can be adjusted by proper Engineering. FKBP-GD-CT is the first report of using CID technology to manipulate pyroptosis, giving a clue to the improvement of clinical outcomes in pyroptosis-related diseases.
Comprehensive Analysis of Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Trihalo acetic acids (THAAs) in Drinking Water Supply: A Research Investigation
Authors: Bangash Musaab Habib , Ejaz Naeem , Nasreen Sadia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Water is the basic need of life. Chlorination is a well-known disinfection technique for potable water due to its cheap availability. Yet, some aspects are harmful to human health and found carcinogenic. An attempt has been made to quantify the occurrence of two prominent Chlorination Disinfectant byproducts (DBPs), i.e., Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Trihalo acetic acids (THAAs) in the water distribution network of galvanized iron Pipes Medium using GC-Mass Spectrometry equipped with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). Two filtration setups, i.e., granular activated carbon (GAC) and a pack of sand, were evaluated as abatement techniques were introduced for removing these chlorination disinfectants by products according to the water source and pipe medium used. The chromatogram with mass spectrometry hints at the occurrence of these two disinfectants' by-products and the filtration media's weightage and removal capacity. A combination of granulated activated carbon accompanied with sand media and based on gravel was found to be the more feasible and efficient setup to remove chlorine disinfectant product impurities for the galvanized iron pipes distribution network medium.
Stroop and practice effects in cognitive dysfunction of Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Baraniuk James , Thapaliya Kiran , Inderyas Maira , Shan Zack , Barnden Leighton 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background. The Stroop task was used to investigate differences in cognitive function between Long COVID (LC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy control subjects.
Methods. Subjects viewed four color words or neutral (XXXX) stimuli with the same (congruent) or different color ink (incongruent). Cognitive conflict was inferred from response times for pairings of prestimuli and subsequent stimuli. Overall effects were assessed by univariate analysis with time courses determined for binned response times.
Results. LC and ME/CFS had significantly longer response times than controls indicating cognitive dysfunction. Initial response times were ranked LC>ME>HC, and decreased according to power functions. At the end of the task (900s), times were ranked LC=ME>HC. Response times were significantly slower for stimuli following an incongruent prestimulus. Time series for Stroop effect, facilitation, interference, surprise index and practice power law parameters were generally similar in LC, ME/CFS and HC suggesting comparable patterns for recruitment of cognitive resources. The prestimulus data were analyzed and generated positive Stroop and interference effects that were distinct from stimulus effects.
Conclusion. LC and ME/CFS have global slowing of response times that cannot be overcome by practice suggesting slower neurotransmission or white matter conduction between network nodes during problem solving. Analysis of matched prestimulus – stimulus effects adds a new dimension for understanding cognitive conflict.
Brief Summary. Cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID and ME/CFS was demonstrated using the Stroop task which found global slowing of response times and limitations of practice effects.
Funding. The Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation
Exploratory survey study of differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of outpatient older adult clinical care between dermatologists, primary care physicians and geriatricians across three academic medical centers
Authors: Zhong Xiaochen , Perry Warren M. , Li Shufeng , Park Caroline , Tee Silvia , Kado Deborah M. , Yeung Howa , BA Twan Sia , Abuabara Katrina , Chang Anne Lynn S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background According to the United States Census Bureau, the population aged ≥ 65 years is projected to increase, and the percentage of office visits from older adults to specialist physicians, such as dermatologists, will also increase. Despite older adults comprising an estimated 40% of dermatology visits currently, there is no formalized postgraduate curriculum on outpatient geriatric clinical care. Here, we perform an exploratory study to assess whether differences in the knowledge, attitudes and practices that are universal to outpatient geriatric clinical care exist among dermatologists compared to primary care or geriatric medicine, fields with formalized postgraduate curricula on outpatient geriatric clinical care.Methods Following Institutional Review Boards’ approvals, a voluntary, anonymized online survey was conducted in 2023 of faculty physicians from Dermatology, Primary Care (Internal Medicine/ Family Medicine) and Geriatric Medicine departments/divisions at three academic centers, Stanford University, University of California San Francisco and Emory University. Validated survey items were used whenever possible. All statistical tests applied to the results were adjusted for multiple comparisons.Results The overall response rate was 30.4% (146 completed surveys out of 480 invited). Knowledge of the 4Ms geriatric clinical framework was lowest amongst dermatologists (3.9%), followed by primary care physicians (17.8%) and geriatricians (100%). Attitudes on whether training program(s) provided adequate number of didactic lectures on clinical care of older adult patients indicated dermatologists responded with the lowest level of agreement (mean Likert score (MLS) 2.3, standard deviation (SD) 1.0) compared to primary care physicians’ responses (MLS 2.9, SD 1.1) and geriatricians (MLS 4.2, SD 1.4), padjusted<0.05 for all comparisons. Practice differences in screening for mentation status were found, with dermatologists responding with lowest frequency (MLS 1.9, SD 1.2), followed by primary care physicians (MLS 3.7, SD 0.8), and geriatricians with highest frequency (MLS 4.5, SD 0.7), padjusted<0.0001 for all comparisons.Conclusions Our data suggests that differences exist in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of outpatient clinical care of older adults in specialty fields (in this case dermatology) compared to primary care and geriatric medicine, and are actionable findings. Additional investigation into whether these differences are found in other specialized fields could inform future postgraduate training and research.Trial Registration : N/A
Workplace typology and employee well-being: a data-driven approach
Authors: Xie Jun , Piao Xiangdan , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study employs a data-driven approach to explore the landscape of workplace environments and its implications for employee well-being. By analyzing a large-scale dataset comprising over 1.3 million observations spanning from 2017 to 2021, we identify nine key workplace factors of job demands and job resources, using factor analysis. These factors encompass dimensions such as workload, emotional burden, organizational integrity, job autonomy, and surrounding support. Subsequently, employing Gaussian mixture models (GMM), we classify employees into ten distinct workplace clusters, ranging from Grade D (the most challenging) to Grade A1 (the most favorable). Our findings reveal significant variations in employee well-being across these clusters, with higher grades associated with better mental health, work engagement, job satisfaction, and workplace cohesiveness. Additionally, we examine the impact of workplace cluster changes on employee well-being, highlighting the importance of understanding how shifts in the workplace environment affect employee outcomes. Our study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of workplace dynamics and offering valuable insights for organizational management and policy formulation.
Dynamics of foraging interactions between cookiecutter sharks (Isistius spp.) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Walker-Milne Natasha , Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Mahaffy Sabre D. , Baird Robin W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cookiecutter sharks (Isistius spp.) are small pelagic squaloid sharks found throughout tropical and sub-tropical waters that are known to feed opportunistically on a range of prey, including animals much larger than themselves. Short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are resident to Hawaiʻi Island and are often observed with fresh and healed cookiecutter shark bites. In this study, cookiecutter bites were used to infer the spatiotemporal patterns of the foraging behaviour of sharks on pilot whales. Data were gathered off the Hawaiian Islands, within coordinates:(21°N, 158°W) to (18.5°N, 154.5°W). A photo-identification catalogue of 403 resident short-finned pilot whales (representing 5871 identifications of known individuals from 365 encounters from 2003–2012), were used to infer the prevalence and seasonal variation in shark presence. The mean proportion of the pilot whale’s body visible for documenting shark bites was 22.2% (SD ± 10.0). A total of 9293 fresh, healed, and scarred bite marks were documented on 396 of 403 whales (97.8%). Bites were most frequently documented on the head (33.1% of all bites), followed by the lateral sides (29.0%) and peduncle (27.2%), while the dorsal fin had the lowest percentage of bites (10.7%). The presence of fresh bites varied with day of the year, with peaks in April, July and mid-October and were also negatively correlated with sea surface temperature. There was also a peak in fresh bites in the transition between crescent and quarter lunar phases. These results provide further evidence that cookiecutter sharks in Hawaiʻi may perform seasonal migrations or dietary shifts.
Batched Split Learning: A Novel Framework for Low-Latency and Energy-Efficient Split Learning with Optimized Task Scheduling
Authors: Li Zhuo , Zheng Kang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To address the issues of high energy consumption and slow convergence speed in Split learning, we propose a novel framework Batched Split Learning (BSL). We group edge nodes and deploy different device-side models in each batch, then deploy the corresponding server-side model on the edge server. Edge nodes utilize the technology Over-the-Air Computing to transmit crushed data to servers for server-side model training, and feed the gradient of the crushed data back to the nodes to perform model updating. For each group, after a certain number of training rounds unique device-side models are generated, which can be shared across different groups and finally aggregated to obtain a global model.To optimize the training latency and transmission energy cost of BSL, we define a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. We use the branch-and bound method to solve this problem and also design a heuristic algorithm for it. We take thorough experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed methods. It can be found that the latency of our proposed BSL framework can be about 78% less than Vanilla Split Learning. Compared with mainstream Parallel Split Learning scheme, our energy consumption is about 20% less. Furthermore, our proposed Branch-and-Bound based algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 55% over the energy-efficient clustering method using random update (EECRU) algorithm 1 and 47% over the greedy energy efficient clustering scheme (GEECS) algorithm. Moreover, our proposed Multi-objective Heuristic algorithm reduces 37.81% and 26.18% than EECRU and GEECS algorithms respectively.