bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation Into Ultimate Strength and Buckling Behavior of Locally Corroded Steel Tubular Members
Authors: Khedmati Mohammad Reza , Nazari Masoud , Khalaj Amir Foad 
Published: August 2013

In this paper an investigation is presented based on numerical modeling of locally corroded tubular members. A parametric finite element approach was used in order to simulate behavior of damaged members under axial compressive loads. The results were then examined against an available experimental test. Validated models are used to derive a semi-empirical formula for predicting ultimate strength of locally damaged tubes as a function of corrosion dimensions.
Geometry of corrosion can be defined by its depth, length, width and location of damage along the tube. In this study it is focused on the effect of some parameters that have not been addressed yet by other researchers, e.g. slenderness of the tubes and location of patch corrosion.
It was found that location of corrosion has great effect on reduction of ultimate strength. Effect of corrosion geometry was also studied and it was shown that tubes with different corrosion dimensions show different behaviors under compressive loads.
In cases with severe corrosion damages, the occurrence of local buckling plays an important role on reduction of ultimate strength and deformation of damaged region.
The effect of tubular slenderness on behavior of axially compressed tubes was also studied and formulated.
Nova Project: Lessons Learnt During the Conceptual Phase of the Design of a Floating Support Structure for an Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Collu Maurizio , Brennan Feargal P. , Patel Minoo H. 
Published: August 2013

The Energy Technologies Institute (ETI, UK) funded project called NOVA (for Novel Vertical Axis wind turbine) examined the feasibility of a large offshore vertical axis wind turbine in the 5 to 10 MW power range, with a view toward 20 MW. The NOVA feasibility study required a methodology to be developed to select the best configuration, based on the system dynamics. Two options have been analysed: fixed and floating support structure, with the floating option is here analysed.
The design space has been investigated, ranking the possible options using a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method called TOPSIS. Based on this, two configurations have been promoted to the next analysis stage: a barge and a semisubmersible.
The evolution of the configuration designs, necessary to optimise and compare these two options, is here presented, taking their dynamics and costs into account. The barge concept evolved to the ‘triple doughnut-Miyagawa’ concept, consisting of an annular cylindrical shape with an inner (to control the damping) and outer (to control added mass) bottom flat plates. The semisubmersible was optimised to obtain the best trade-off between dynamic behaviour and amount of material needed. The main conclusion is that, in general, the requirement driving the design is a good dynamic response to waves. If only basic requirements were taken into account (ability to float and ability to counteract the wind turbine inclining moment), a much smaller, lighter, and cheaper structure would fulfil them.
Study of Landing and Lift-Off Operation for Wind Turbine Components on a Ship Deck
Authors: Graczyk Mateusz , Sandvik Peter Christian 
Published: August 2013

Access to offshore wind turbines is much more challenging and costly than for the land-based turbines. One of the factors affecting choice of the vessel to perform the maintenance work is its performance in waves.
Performance of two different ships that may be used for exchange of light components for offshore wind turbines is analyzed.
Vertical motion characteristics (displacement and velocity) and forces/accelerations acting on such components and lifting system during lift-off and disposal operation are investigated.
Based on the analysis performed for a monohull and a catamaran, limiting sea-states are calculated and weather windows allowing for performing exchange operations are identified.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fast-Growing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens Strain DSMZ 759
Authors: Maida Isabel , Bosi Emanuele , Perrin Elena , Papaleo Maria Cristiana , Orlandini Valerio , Fondi Marco , Fani Renato , Wiegel Juergen , Bianconi Giovanna , Canganella Francesco 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Vibrio natriegens
is a Gram-negative bacterium known for its extremely short doubling time. Here we present the annotated draft genome sequence of
Vibrio natriegens
strain DSMZ 759, with the aim of providing insights about its high growth rate.
The cost-effectiveness of diagnostic management strategies for children with minor head injury
Authors: Holmes M W , Goodacre S , Stevenson M D , Pandor A , Pickering A 
Published: August 2013

AimTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic management strategies for children with minor head injury and identify an optimal strategy.MethodsA probabilistic decision analysis model was developed to estimate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) accrued by each of six potential management strategies for minor head injury, including a theoretical ‘zero option’ strategy of discharging all patients home without investigation. The model took a lifetime horizon and the perspective of the National Health Service.ResultsThe optimal strategy was based on the Children's Head injury Algorithm for the prediction of Important Clinical Events (CHALICE) rule, although the costs and outcomes associated with each strategy were broadly similar.ConclusionsLiberal use of CT scanning based on a high sensitivity decision rule is not only effective but also cost saving, with the CHALICE rule being the optimal strategy, although there is some uncertainty in the results. Incremental changes in the costs and QALYs are very small when all selective CT strategies are compared. The estimated cost of caring for patients with brain injury worsened by delayed treatment is very high compared with the cost of CT scanning. This analysis suggests that all hospitals receiving children with minor head injury should have unrestricted access to CT scanning for use in conjunction with evidence-based guidelines.
U–Pb zircon ages and (isotope) geochemical signatures of the Kamanjab Inlier (NW Namibia): constraints on Palaeoproterozoic crustal evolution along the southern Congo craton
Authors: Kleinhanns I. C. , Fullgraf T. , Wilsky F. , Nolte N. , Fliegel D. , Klemd R. , Hansen B. T. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The formation of the Kamanjab Inlier (KI) in NW Namibia is poorly known and constrained to Palaeoproterozoic times. With the Epupa complex (EC) and Grootfontein Inlier (GI), the KI marks the southwestern Congo craton margin. Our new geochemical data for granitoids and orthogneisses indicate formation along an active continental margin. Single zircon ages frame granitoid emplacement to 1.86–1.83 Ga, roughly 75 myr older than ages from the northern EC and approximately 100 myr younger than from the GI. The southern EC is the only known Archaean Namibian basement with εNd
1.85 Ga
of −10.2 to −6.3, in contrast to northern EC (−1.8 to 4.4) and KI (−6.2 to 2.6). Thus, earlier speculation that the southern EC is an exotic terrane, among the Namibian basement complexes, is supported by our data. In contrast, the KI is geochemically comparable to the northern EC and GI. The
c.
2.0 Ga Lufubu metamorphic complex roughly 1000 km further east shows similar geochemistry, and a common evolution in the Kamanjab–Bangeweulu magmatic arc has already been proposed. Therefore, our new data point to a major Palaeoproterozoic crustal growth event at the southwestern margin of the Congo Craton starting in the present east and gradually moving towards the present NW.
Characterization of Cardiovascular Involvement in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Families
Authors: Campens Laurence , Vanakker Olivier M. , Trachet Bram , Segers Patrick , Leroy Bart P. , De Zaeytijd Julie , Voet Dirk , De Paepe Anne , De Backer Tine , De Backer Julie 
Published: August 2013

Objective—

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder with involvement of the skin, the retina, and the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular involvement is mainly characterized by mineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibers of blood vessels and premature atherosclerosis. We conducted an ultrasound study to investigate the cardiovascular phenotype and to propose recommendations for the management of patients with PXE and heterozygous
ABCC6
mutation carriers.

Approach and Results—
Thirty-two patients, 23 carriers, and 28 healthy volunteers underwent cardiac and vascular ultrasound studies. Cardiac imaging revealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with PXE with a significantly prolonged deceleration time and lower septal early diastolic velocities of the mitral annulus compared with controls. Carriers also demonstrated significantly prolonged deceleration time. Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity was significantly increased in patients with PXE when compared with carriers and controls. Vascular imaging revealed a high prevalence of peripheral artery disease in both patients and carriers and a significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness compared with controls.

Conclusions—
The results of this study clearly demonstrate impaired left ventricular diastolic function, impairment of the elastic properties of the aorta, and a high prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with PXE. Carriers also seem to exhibit a cardiovascular phenotype with mainly mild diastolic dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis. Increased awareness for cardiovascular events in both patients and heterozygous carriers is warranted.
Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Cotransporters and Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Crouthamel Matthew H. , Lau Wei Ling , Leaf Elizabeth M. , Chavkin Nicholas W. , Wallingford Mary C. , Peterson Danielle F. , Li Xianwu , Liu Yonggang , Chin Michael T. , Levi Moshe , Giachelli Cecilia M. 
Published: August 2013

Objective—
Elevated serum phosphate has emerged as a major risk factor for vascular calcification. The sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, PiT-1, was previously shown to be required for phosphate-induced osteogenic differentiation and calcification of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but its importance in vascular calcification in vivo and the potential role of its homologue, PiT-2, have not been determined. We investigated the in vivo requirement for PiT-1 in vascular calcification using a mouse model of chronic kidney disease and the potential compensatory role of PiT-2 using in vitro knockdown and overexpression strategies.

Approach and Results—

Mice with targeted deletion of PiT-1 in VSMCs were generated (PiT-1

Δ
sm

). PiT-1 mRNA levels were undetectable, whereas PiT-2 mRNA levels were increased 2-fold in the vascular aortic media of PiT-1

Δsm

compared with PiT-1

flox/flox

control. When arterial medial calcification was induced in PiT-1

Δsm

and PiT-1

flox/flox

by chronic kidney disease followed by dietary phosphate loading, the degree of aortic calcification was not different between genotypes, suggesting compensation by PiT-2. Consistent with this possibility, VSMCs isolated from PiT-1

Δsm

mice had no PiT-1 mRNA expression, increased PiT-2 mRNA levels, and no difference in sodium-dependent phosphate uptake or phosphate-induced matrix calcification compared with PiT-1

flox/flox

VSMCs. Knockdown of PiT-2 decreased phosphate uptake and phosphate-induced calcification of PiT-1

Δsm

VSMCs. Furthermore, overexpression of PiT-2 restored these parameters in human PiT-1–deficient VSMCs.

Conclusions—
PiT-2 can mediate phosphate uptake and calcification of VSMCs in the absence of PiT-1. Mechanistically, PiT-1 and PiT-2 seem to serve redundant roles in phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs.
Function and Distribution of Apolipoprotein A1 in the Artery Wall Are Markedly Distinct From Those in Plasma
Authors: DiDonato Joseph A. , Huang Ying , Aulak Kulwant S. , Even-Or Orli , Gerstenecker Gary , Gogonea Valentin , Wu Yuping , Fox Paul L. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Plow Edward F. , Smith Jonathan D. , Fisher Edward A. , Hazen Stanley L. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Prior studies show that apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) recovered from human atherosclerotic lesions is highly oxidized. Ex vivo oxidation of apoA1 or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cross-links apoA1 and impairs lipid binding, cholesterol efflux, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activities of the lipoprotein. Remarkably, no studies to date directly quantify either the function or HDL particle distribution of apoA1 recovered from the human artery wall.

Methods and Results—

A monoclonal antibody (10G1.5) was developed that equally recognizes lipid-free and HDL-associated apoA1 in both native and oxidized forms. Examination of homogenates of atherosclerotic plaque–laden aorta showed >100-fold enrichment of apoA1 compared with normal aorta (
P
<0.001). Surprisingly, buoyant density fractionation revealed that only a minority (<3% of total) of apoA1 recovered from either lesions or normal aorta resides within an HDL-like particle (1.063≤d≤1.21). In contrast, the majority (>90%) of apoA1 within aortic tissue (normal and lesions) was recovered within the lipoprotein-depleted fraction (d>1.21). Moreover, both lesion and normal artery wall apoA1 are highly cross-linked (50% to 70% of total), and functional characterization of apoA1 quantitatively recovered from aorta with the use of monoclonal antibody 10G1.5 showed ≈80% lower cholesterol efflux activity and ≈90% lower lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity relative to circulating apoA1.

Conclusions—
The function and distribution of apoA1 in human aorta are quite distinct from those found in plasma. The lipoprotein is markedly enriched within atherosclerotic plaque, predominantly lipid-poor, not associated with HDL, extensively oxidatively cross-linked, and functionally impaired.
Suprascapular Nerve Block for Shoulder Pain in the First Year After Stroke
Authors: Adey-Wakeling Zoe , Crotty Maria , Shanahan E. Michael 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Shoulder pain is a common complication after stroke that can impede participation in rehabilitation and has been associated with poorer outcomes. Evidence-based treatments for hemiplegic shoulder pain are limited. Suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) is a safe and effective treatment of shoulder pain associated with arthritic shoulder conditions, but its usefulness in a stroke population is unclear.

Methods—
We undertook a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of SSNB in a population of 64 stroke patients (onset < 1 year) with hemiplegic shoulder pain. The primary outcome was pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were disability (Modified Rankin Scale, Croft Disability Index) and quality of life (EuroQol Health Questionnaire). All participants were assessed before randomization, and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks postintervention. Both groups continued with routine therapy.

Results—
Although both intervention and control groups demonstrated reduction in pain score, participants who received SSNB consistently demonstrated superior, statistically significant pain reduction compared with placebo. Mean VAS reduction in the SSNB group was >18 mm greater than participants receiving placebo injection. The number needed to treat with SSNB to reduce 1 stroke survivor’s pain by 50% at 4 weeks is 4. No significant differences in function or quality of life were observed. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions—
Suprascapular nerve block is a safe and effective treatment for patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12609000621213.
Genetic Variant
RNF213
c.14576G>A in Various Phenotypes of Intracranial Major Artery Stenosis/Occlusion
Authors: Miyawaki Satoru , Imai Hideaki , Shimizu Masahiro , Yagi Shinichi , Ono Hideaki , Mukasa Akitake , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Shimizu Tsuneo , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—

Recently, we reported a common genetic variant,
ring finger protein 213
(
RNF213
) c.14576G>A variant, a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD), among patients with intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion (ICASO) in a selected Japanese population. The aim of this 2-center–based case–control study was to confirm our previous finding in a larger population.

Methods—
Study participants were recruited from The University of Tokyo Hospital and Kanto Neurosurgical Hospital. The occurrence rate of c.14576G>A variant was investigated in 323 patients, 22 with definite MMD, 8 with unilateral MMD, 84 with ICASO in the absence of MMD (non-MMD ICASO), 34 with extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, 44 with cerebral aneurysm, 21 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 110 control subjects.

Results—

RNF213 c.14576G>A variant was found in 1.8% (2/110) of the normal control group and had significant associations with definite MMD (
P
<0.0001; odds ratio, 144.0; 95% confidence interval, 26.7–775.9), unilateral MMD (
P
=0.0001; odds ratio, 54.0; 95% confidence interval, 7.5–386.8), and non-MMD ICASO (
P
<0.0001; odds ratio, 16.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.81–74.5). There was no significant association with extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, cerebral aneurysm, or intracerebral hemorrhage. This result replicated our previous findings.

Conclusions—

A particular subset of patients with various phenotypes of ICASO has a common genetic variant,
RNF213
c.14576G>A, indicating that
RNF213
c.14576G>A variant is a high-risk allele for ICASO.
Drought and Deforestation: Has Land Cover Change Influenced Recent Precipitation Extremes in the Amazon?
Authors: Bagley Justin E. , Desai Ankur R. , Harding Keith J. , Snyder Peter K. , Foley Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Expansion of agricultural lands and inherent variability of climate can influence the water cycle in the Amazon basin, impacting numerous ecosystem services. However, these two influences do not work independently of each other. With two once-in-a-century-level droughts occurring in the Amazon in the past decade, it is vital to understand the feedbacks that contribute to altering the water cycle. The biogeophysical impacts of land cover change within the Amazon basin were examined under drought and pluvial conditions to investigate how land cover and drought jointly may have enhanced or diminished recent precipitation extremes by altering patterns and intensity. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled to the Noah land surface model, a series of April–September simulations representing drought, normal, and pluvial years were completed to assess how land cover change impacts precipitation and how these impacts change under varied rainfall regimes. Evaporative sources of water vapor that precipitate across the region were developed with a quasi-isentropic back-trajectory algorithm to delineate the extent and variability that terrestrial evaporation contributes to regional precipitation. A decrease in dry season latent heat flux and other impacts of deforestation on surface conditions were increased by drought conditions. Coupled with increases in dry season moisture recycling over the Amazon basin by ~7% during drought years, land cover change is capable of reducing precipitation and increasing the amplitude of droughts in the region.
Rigorous Evaluation of a Fraternal Twin Ocean OSSE System for the Open Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Halliwell G. R. , Srinivasan A. , Kourafalou V. , Yang H. , Willey D. , Le Hénaff M. , Atlas R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A new fraternal twin ocean observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) system is validated in a Gulf of Mexico domain. It is the first ocean system that takes full advantage of design criteria and rigorous evaluation procedures developed to validate atmosphere OSSE systems that have not been fully implemented for the ocean. These procedures are necessary to determine a priori that the OSSE system does not overestimate or underestimate observing system impacts. The new system consists of 1) a nature run (NR) stipulated to represent the true ocean, 2) a data assimilation system consisting of a second ocean model (the “forecast model”) coupled to a new ocean data assimilation system, and 3) software to simulate observations from the NR and to add realistic errors. The system design is described to illustrate the requirements of a validated OSSE system. The chosen NR reproduces the climatology and variability of ocean phenomena with sufficient realism. Although the same ocean model type is used (the “fraternal twin” approach), the forecast model is configured differently so that it approximately satisfies the requirement that differences (errors) with respect to the NR grow at the same rate as errors that develop between state-of-the-art ocean models and the true ocean. Rigorous evaluation procedures developed for atmospheric OSSEs are then applied by first performing observing system experiments (OSEs) to evaluate one or more existing observing systems. OSSEs are then performed that are identical except for the assimilation of synthetic observations simulated from the NR. Very similar impact assessments were realized between each OSE–OSSE pair, thus validating the system without the need for calibration.
A Comparison of Automated Methods of Front Recognition for Climate Studies: A Case Study in Southwest Western Australia
Authors: Hope Pandora , Keay Kevin , Pook Michael , Catto Jennifer , Simmonds Ian , Mills Graham , McIntosh Peter , Risbey James , Berry Gareth 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The identification of extratropical fronts in reanalyses and climate models is an important climate diagnostic that aids dynamical understanding and model verification. This study compares six frontal identification methods that are applied to June and July reanalysis data over the Central Wheatbelt of southwest Western Australia for 1979–2006. Much of the winter rainfall over this region originates from frontal systems. Five of the methods use automated algorithms. These make use of different approaches, based on shifts in 850-hPa winds (WND), gradients of temperature (TGR) and wet-bulb potential temperature (WPT), pattern matching (PMM), and a self-organizing map (SOM). The sixth method was a manual synoptic technique (MAN). On average, about 50% of rain days were associated with fronts in most schemes (although methods PMM and SOM exhibited a lower percentage). On a daily basis, most methods identify the same systems more than 50% of the time, and over the 28-yr period the seasonal time series correlate strongly. The association with rainfall is less clear. The WND time series of seasonal frontal counts correlate significantly with Central Wheatbelt rainfall. All automated methods identify fronts on some days that are classified as cutoff lows in the manual analysis, which will impact rainfall correlations. The front numbers identified on all days by the automated methods decline from 1979 to 2006 (but only the TGR and WPT trends were significant at the 10% level). The results here highlight that automated techniques have value in understanding frontal behavior and can be used to identify the changes in the frequency of frontal systems through time.