bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sucrose and Warmth for Analgesia in Healthy Newborns: An RCT
Authors: Gray Larry , Garza Elizabeth , Zageris Danielle , Heilman Keri J. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Increasing data suggest that neonatal pain has long-term consequences. Nonpharmacologic techniques (sucrose taste, pacifier suckling, breastfeeding) are effective and now widely used to combat minor neonatal pain. This study examined the analgesic effect of sucrose combined with radiant warmth compared with the taste of sucrose alone during a painful procedure in healthy full-term newborns.

METHODS:
A randomized, controlled trial included 29 healthy, full-term newborns born at the University of Chicago Hospital. Both groups of infants were given 1.0 mL of 25% sucrose solution 2 minutes before the vaccination, and 1 group additionally was given radiant warmth from an infant warmer before the vaccination. We assessed pain by comparing differences in cry, grimace, heart rate variability (ie, respiratory sinus arrhythmia), and heart rate between the groups.

RESULTS:
The sucrose plus warmer group cried and grimaced for 50% less time after the vaccination than the sucrose alone group (P &lt; .05, respectively). The sucrose plus warmer group had lower heart rate and heart rate variability (ie, respiratory sinus arrhythmia) responses compared with the sucrose alone group (P &lt; .01), reflecting a greater ability to physiologically regulate in response to the painful vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of sucrose and radiant warmth is an effective analgesic in newborns and reduces pain better than sucrose alone. The ready availability of this practical nonpharmacologic technique has the potential to reduce the burden of newborn pain.
Moisture Damage and Asthma: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Karvonen Anne M. , Hyvärinen Anne , Korppi Matti , Haverinen-Shaughnessy Ulla , Renz Harald , Pfefferle Petra I. , Remes Sami , Genuneit Jon , Pekkanen Juha 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:
Excess moisture and visible mold are associated with increased risk of asthma. Only a few studies have performed detailed home visits to characterize the extent and location of moisture damage and mold growth.

METHODS:
Structured home inspections were performed in a birth cohort study when the children were 5 months old (on average). Children (N = 398) were followed up to the age of 6 years. Specific immunoglobulin E concentrations were determined at 6 years.

RESULTS:
Moisture damage and mold at an early age in the child’s main living areas (but not in bathrooms or other interior spaces) were associated with the risk of developing physician-diagnosed asthma ever, persistent asthma, and respiratory symptoms during the first 6 years. Associations with asthma ever were strongest for moisture damage with visible mold in the child’s bedroom (adjusted odds ratio: 4.82 [95% confidence interval: 1.29–18.02]) and in the living room (adjusted odds ratio: 7.51 [95% confidence interval: 1.49–37.83]). Associations with asthma ever were stronger in the earlier part of the follow-up and among atopic children. No consistent associations were found between moisture damage with or without visible mold and atopic sensitization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Moisture damage and mold in early infancy in the child’s main living areas were associated with asthma development. Atopic children may be more susceptible to the effects of moisture damage and mold.
Application of Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations to vortices in Hubbard superconductors
Authors: Wang Chumin , Galván César G. , Pérez Luis A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, the formation of d-wave superconducting magnetic vortex is studied within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism and the generalized Hubbard model, which leads to 2N2 coupled self-consistent equations for a supercell of N×N atoms. These equations determine the spatial variation of the superconducting gap as a function of the electron concentration and electron-electron interactions. The results show that the superconducting states induced by the correlated hopping (Δt3) are more sensitive to the presence of magnetic field than those induced by attractive nearest-neighbor interaction (V). Furthermore, we calculate the electronic specific heat as a function of the temperature for a given applied magnetic field, whose behavior has a qualitative agreement with experimental data.
Local Health Department Factors Associated With Performance in the Successful Implementation of Community-Based Strategies: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Gyllstrom Elizabeth , Gearin Kimberly , Frauendienst Renee , Myhre Julie , Larson Michelle , Riley William 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined which local health department (LHD)–level factors contributed to successful implementation of policy, systems, and environmental change strategies in Minnesota. Methods. We used a retrospective mixed-methods design to evaluate the relationship between the Statewide Health Improvement Plan (SHIP) grant initiative and key predictor variables (2009–2011). We obtained quantitative capacity data for 91 cities and counties in Minnesota; in addition, we conducted 15 key informant interviews to examine factors that facilitated and acted as barriers to LHD performance. Results. Grantee performance was distributed as follows: exceeds expectations (29.7%), meets expectations (55.0%), and is approaching expectations (15.3%). Organizational quality improvement (QI) maturity was strongly positively associated with grantee performance on SHIP. Organizations with high QI maturity, effective leadership, efficient decision-making, and successful regional or cross-jurisdictional partnerships were more likely to be rated as exceeding expectations. Conclusions. This study successfully translated practice-based research findings into tangible outcomes, including new system-level performance measures for local public health and recommendations for shaping the statewide initiative examined in this study. The approach taken in this study to systematically monitor communications, dissemination, and translation may be a model for others.
Earthquakes: Should We Be Worried?
Authors: Rao Vikram 
Published: February 2015

Beyond the Headlines
Can activities related to shale oil and gas production cause earthquakes? Yes. Can these be avoided? Yes, again.
In discussing this, we first need to break the issue down into two buckets. One is the hydraulic fracturing of rock as a method of stimulation. This is necessary because the reservoir being accessed has very low permeability, which is the rock property that allows flow of fluids. Fracturing causes artificial permeability that enables the oil or gas to flow. The second bucket is the injection of wastewater from production operations into rock as a means of disposal. These two operations are quite different as potential contributors to earthquake activity.
The Basics
Earthquakes are generated when there is Earth movement in a fault. A fault is a fracture in the Earth with significant displacement of the rock on either side of the fracture. To cause movement, the human activity would need to pour energy into what is known as an active fault. This is a fault which, when energized, will cause Earth movement. According to the US Geological Survey, the magnitude of an earthquake will be directly proportional to the length of the active fault.
Faults can be detected. Modern 3D seismic imaging can identify the location and lengths of all but the smallest faults. Small faults are not a concern as a source of damaging earthquakes. So the remedy in large part lies in performing these surveys before a fracturing or wastewater disposal operation.
Hydraulic Fracturing
Seismic activity directly associated with stimulation operations has been studied extensively. Thousands of fracturing events have been observed using a technique known as microseismic monitoring. As the name implies, the seismic events are expected to be small compared with earthquakes. The monitoring was originally done to make operations more efficient. It is in the interest of the operator to direct the fracturing energy into the oil or gas bearing layer. Properly designed operations achieve this. The monitoring has shown that the vast majority of fracturing operations generate low intensities, well below 1.0 on the Richter scale. A handful of instances of higher levels of seismic activity have been documented (out of hundreds of thousands of wells fractured over the past 50 years). For example, an event of 2.5 was observed in the United Kingdom. Although this has not been fully explained, it is believed to have been associated with a proximal active fault. This appears to be the case for most of the other known instances as well. Virtually all oil and gas operations conduct 3D seismic monitoring prior to planning the wells. Faults can be, and ought to be, identified and avoided.
A Novel Completion Method for Sequenced Fracturing in the Eagle Ford Shale
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 169010, ’A Novel Completion Method for Sequenced Fracturing in the Eagle Ford Shale,’ by C. Kraemer, SPE, B. Lecerf, J. Torres, SPE, H. Gomez, and D. Usoltsev, SPE, Schlumberger, and J. Rutledge, SPE, D. Donovan, SPE, and C. Philips, SPE, Marathon Oil, prepared for the 2014 SPE Unconventional Resources Conference—USA, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 1-3 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Evenly fracturing all clusters in heterogeneous zones is challenging in long horizontal sections penetrating heterogeneous reservoirs, as is often the case in the Eagle Ford shale. Furthermore, efforts to improve well economics result in reducing completion time by extending the length of each stage even farther to decrease the number of interventions required for completing the well. To address this challenge, a new sequenced-fracturing technique has been developed on the basis of a novel composite fluid comprising degradable fibers and multisized particles.
Introduction
In Eagle Ford shale completions, which typically rely on limited-entry principles, the distribution of fluid flow is a function of fracture initiation and propagation pressure, differential pressure on perforations, and net pressure of the stimulation treatment. New injection-evaluation and logging techniques demonstrated the possibility of significant variations in fracture-gradient anisotropy and formation fluid-flow distribution over the intervals of horizontal wells. Recently, several operators in the Eagle Ford play revised their completion strategy and decided to increase differential pressure on perforations by reducing the number of perforation clusters per stimulation stage. This approach requires a larger number of wireline interventions to place the additional necessary bridge plugs and is accompanied by longer subsequent coiled-tubing milling operations. A solution was needed to increase the number of perforations being stimulated without increasing the complexity of operations, the associated time, and the costs.
Increasing Contact, Not Operational Complexity
Chemical diversion has been proposed as a cost-effective and faster alternative to mechanical techniques for isolating perforations and forcing fluids into previously unstimulated portions of the reservoir. Numerous materials (e.g., benzoic acid flakes, rock salt, fracturing balls, and rubber-coated neoprene balls) are commercially available for this purpose, but none was found to provide reliable diversion.
The sequenced fracturing technique described here introduces a composite fluid that temporarily plugs zones that were previously stimulated and diverts fluids to understimulated regions. The composite fluid overcomes the limitations of traditional chemical diverters by coupling degradable particles of a wide size distribution.
Radio-Frequency Identification in Intervention-Free Upper-Completion Installation
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 166182, ’Radio-Frequency Identification Leads the Way in the Quest for Intervention-Free Upper-Completion Installation,’ by Iain Adan, Weatherford, prepared for the 2013 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) offers the user flexibility in controlling downhole operations without intervention. RFID uses close-proximity sensing to communicate by simply passing a coded tag through an antenna-equipped downhole tool to actuate it. Using this technology, an upper-completion system comprising a packer, circulation sleeve, and downhole-barrier valve has been developed that is controlled by a single RFID module, thus providing a means to control the installation remotely, thereby reducing running costs and contributing to the elimination of nonproductive time (NPT).
Introduction
In response to time and cost challenges related to completion in difficult or unstable reservoirs, an enabling technology has been adopted that uses RFID to remotely actuate downhole tools at installation, providing operators with a way to carry out completion operations with a reduced number of employees and without the need for intervention services such as wireline, slickline, and coiled tubing.
The RFID completion system comprises four critical elements: an RFID hydraulic power unit (HPU), a circulation valve, a production packer, and a barrier valve. The system can perform many critical completion operations, including setting packers, opening packer-setting ports, operating sliding sleeves to enable tubing- to-annulus circulation, and closing and opening downhole barrier valves or operating fill subs.
The RFID-based method uses close-proximity sensing to function as the well’s “brain” to control the operation of various downhole devices. Communication is facilitated by running downhole a coded tag that actuates a tool equipped with an antenna. If use of a coded tag is not feasible, the tools can communicate by pressure-pulse signals or timers. The system can test tubing integrity without setting the packer, and it can change out the annular fluid remotely with the packer set and the surface hanger landed. The debris-tolerant design is also insensitive to changes in downhole conditions.
Fatigue assessment of full-scale welded crane runway girders*
Authors: Rettenmeier Philipp , Roos Eberhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This publication is focused on a critical plane approach to assess the influence of the multiaxial stress state on the lifetime of welded crane runway girders cyclically stressed by travelling wheel loads. Cyclic stress-strain curves of specimens both from the weld region and the base material of the girder are evaluated in strain-controlled reversible fatigue tests as a basis for the assessment of the lifetime. Finite element analyses are performed to estimate the multiaxial and non-proportional local stress condition acting on sharp notches of the girder, i. e. the weld toes and the weld root. The MPA AIM-life concept is used to evaluate the lifetime of crane runways on the basis of advanced fatigue parameters and the cyclic material properties. Furthermore, the notch stress approach according to IIW guideline [1] is applied to investigate the fatigue behavior. The estimated lifetimes are compared to experimental results of component fatigue tests conducted with full-scale welded crane runway girders.
A Long Long Way de Sebastian Barry et 14 de Jean Echenoz : la mise en crise du roman de la Première Guerre en France et en Irlande
Authors: Mikowski Sylvie 
Published: February 2015

Le roman de Sebastian Barry, A Long Long Way , est l’une des rares représentations romanesques contemporaines de la Première Guerre mondiale publiées en Irlande. Il a été critiqué dans son pays pour sa rhétorique lyrique mise au service d’une idéologie dite « révisionniste », c’est-à-dire antinationaliste. Cet article étudie en quoi le roman de Barry utilise en effet une rhétorique lyrique, mais suggère qu’il ne fait en cela que suivre une longue tradition européenne de la fiction de guerre. Par ailleurs, la compétition qui subsiste en Irlande entre la mémoire de la Première Guerre et celle du Soulèvement de 1916 ne permet pas aux auteurs irlandais de traiter de l’engagement des soldats irlandais pendant le conflit mondial avec la même distance et la même ironie que certains écrivains contemporains européens, dont l’exemple étudié ici est le roman de Jean Echenoz, 14 .
Protein Kinase Cα Regulates the Expression of Complement Receptor Ig in Human Monocyte–Derived Macrophages
Authors: Ma Yuefang , Usuwanthim Kanchana , Munawara Usma , Quach Alex , Gorgani Nick N. , Abbott Catherine A. , Hii Charles S. , Ferrante Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe complement receptor Ig (CRIg) is selectively expressed by macrophages. This receptor not only promotes the rapid phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages but also has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Previous findings have suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) may be involved in the regulation of CRIg expression in human macrophages. We have now examined the role of PKCα in CRIg expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Macrophages nucleofected with plasmid containing short hairpin RNA against PKCα showed markedly reduced expression of PKCα, but normal PKCζ expression, by Western blotting analysis, and vice versa. PKCα-deficient MDM showed increased expression of CRIg mRNA and protein (both the long and short form), an increase in phagocytosis of complement-opsonized Candida albicans, and decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6. TNF-α caused a marked decrease in CRIg expression, and addition of anti-TNF mAb to the TNF-α–producing MDMs increased CRIg expression. PKCα-deficient macrophages also showed significantly less bacterial LPS-induced downregulation of CRIg. In contrast, cells deficient in PKCα showed decreased expression of CR type 3 (CR3) and decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS. MDM developed under conditions that increased expression of CRIg over CR3 showed significantly reduced production of TNF-α in response to opsonized C. albicans. The findings indicate that PKCα promotes the downregulation of CRIg and upregulation of CR3 expression and TNF-α and IL-6 production, a mechanism that may promote inflammation.
THE ROLE OF THE CAROTID DOPPLER EXAMINATION IN THE EVALUATION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CHANGES IN BETA THALASSEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Abdel Hakeem Gehan Lotfy , Abdel Samei Hoda Abdel kereem , El Shereif Ashraf Mohamed , Ismail Ahlam Mohamed 
Published: February 2015

Iron over- load in patients with beta-thalassemia major lead to alterations in the arterial structures and in the thickness of the carotid arteries. Doppler ultrasound scanning of extra-cranial internal carotid arteries is non-invasive and fairly quick to perform and may identify children at increased risk of stroke who would otherwise be missed. Increased carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) is a structural marker for early atherosclerosis and it correlates with the vascular risk factors and to the severity and extent of coronary artery disease. Objective: To evaluate the role of carotid Doppler examination and cIMT measurement as a predictive to atherosclerotic changes in BTM children with iron overload. Patients and Methods: Sixty two children with (BTM) and 30 healthy normal controls of matched age and sex were included. Complete blood count, serum iron, ferritin, serum cholesterol and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed as well as carotid Doppler ultrasonography to measure the (cIMT) in both patients and controls. Results: By using carotid Doppler we found that cIMT of thalassemic patients was significantly increased compared to normal controls and there was significant positive correlation between CIMT and patient's age, weight, height, BMI, duration of illness, serum cholesterol, iron overload parameters as serum iron, serum ferritin, frequent blood transfusion, irregular use of iron chelating agents and in those who had splenectomy. Significant negative correlation was found between CIMT and hematocrit value but no significant correlation was found between CIMT and Hb level. Conclusion: Carotid Doppler is very useful method in measurement of cIMT that increased in thalassemic patients which shows a strong relationship with features of iron overload. We recommend the routine use of Doppler measurement of cIMT in these patients to predict early atherosclerotic changes as well as in the follow-up to prevent progression of atherosclerosis.
Propósitos de la comunicación entre empresas y sus seguidores en Facebook
Authors: Valerio-Ureña Gabriel , Herrera-Murillo Dagoberto José , Herrera-Murillo Natalia , Martinez Garza Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2015

La investigación del comportamiento del consumidor en las redes sociales en línea está despertando un creciente interés entre la comunidad empresarial debido a las nuevas e inexploradas oportunidades y amenazas que trae consigo, incluyendo la vasta cantidad de datos generados día con día. El propósito de este estudio es explorar el uso de Facebook como fuente valiosa de información para identificar la naturaleza y el contenido de las conversaciones de las empresas de telecomunicaciones mexicanas y sus seguidores. Metodología: a través de una metodología cualitativa se analizaron 2,000 publicaciones (1000 realizadas por las empresas y 1,000 publicaciones realizadas por sus seguidores). Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que las compañías de telecomunicaciones utilizan Facebook primordialmente para sus relaciones públicas, publicidad y promoción; mientras que sus usuarios las utilizan primordialmente para reportar incidentes y problemas, formular quejas y solucionar dudas.
A Natural and Concurrent Interferent in Bolinus brandaris with Consequences on Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning Risk Management
Authors: Papiol Gemma Giménez 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Regulations aimed to protect public health from amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) are focused on the detection and accurate quantification of domoic acid(DA). The reference detection determination used by the different shellfish safety monitoring agencies worldwide is HPLC separation followed by UV detection, in which different chromatographic column lengths or brands are accepted as long as it is C18 column. A laboratory validation of this method showed different performance of two accepted chromatographic columns when analyzing Bolinus brandaris samples. A natural compound, present only in those samples that contained DA, was evidencedby one of the columns. The DA quantification obtained with the column that coelutes both compounds was approximately twice the amount obtained with the column that separates them. This difference has important consequences in the ASP toxins management for thisfishery. The identity and toxicity of the compound are still unknown.