bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental propagation of V(D)J recombination-associated DNA breaks and translocations in mature B cells via dicentric chromosomes
Authors: Hu Jiazhi , Tepsuporn Suprawee , Meyers Robin M. , Gostissa Monica , Alt Frederick W. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Antibody production depends on a cut-and-paste genomic rearrangement termed “V(D)J recombination” that takes place during early B-lymphocyte development. Mistakes in V(D)J recombination can lead to chromosomal translocations that activate oncogenes. Such mistakes usually lead to immature B-cell cancers. However, in the absence of the ATM kinase, mice can develop mature B-cell tumors with translocations resulting from V(D)J recombination-associated breaks. Normally persistent chromosome breaks activate cellular checkpoints that eliminate cells harboring such dangerous lesions. The current studies reveal that, in the absence of ATM, V(D)J recombination-generated breaks are cycled into aberrant chromosomes, termed “dicentrics,” that avoid checkpoints and are propagated through development, generating new breaks and translocations in mature B cells.
Expression of interleukin‐12 by adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Peng , Liu Xiaozhi , Lv Peng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundStudies have revealed mesenchymal cells tend to directionally migrate toward tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. However, there have been rare reports about adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), which achieved stable expression of interleukin (IL)‐12 to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion. We aimed to achieve stable expression of IL‐12 in AMSCs through transgenic technology and utilize the paracrine effect of IL‐12 to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion.MethodsAdipose‐derived AMSCs were transduced with lentivirus encoding IL‐12. IL‐12/AMSCs and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were co‐cultured using a cylinder column to assess cellular attraction, and expression of Ki67 was detected. Dual‐chamber transwell experiments were used to assess migration and invasiveness of A549 cells exposed to conditioned media from IL‐12/AMSCs.ResultsWhen A549 cells were co‐cultured with lentivirus vectors (LV)‐IL‐12‐green fluorescent protein (GFP)/AMSCs, the intercellular distance was great (346.44 ± 41.07 μm vs. 201.58 ± 27.96 μm vs. 191.45 ± 24.07 μm) (F = 25.414, P < 0.05); the Ki67‐positive rate was low (59.13 ± 17.21% vs. 92.31 ± 6.11% vs. 94.25 ± 5.27%) (F = 21.426, P < 0.05). When the lower Transwell chamber contained culture medium from LV‐IL‐12‐GFP/AMSCs, the percentage of the invasive A549 cells was low (31.55 ± 6.21% vs. 70.65 ± 10.46% vs. 68.65 ± 9.50%) (F = 27.494, P < 0.05). The percentages of colonized A549 cells that invaded the culture media of LV‐IL‐12‐GFP/AMSCs were low (4.46 ± 1.21 vs. 10.11 ± 2.07 vs. 9.48 ± 1.4) (F = 23.219, P < 0.05).ConclusionsAMSCs could target lung carcinoma and mediate stable expression of IL‐12, to play a role in tumor treatment.
Homology assessment in parsimony and model‐based analyses: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Assis Leandro C. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present paper is mainly concerned with homology assessment through phylogenetic analyses. It raises a fundamental question: What are the epistemological differences between modern parsimony and model‐based analyses in relation to homology assessment and phylogenetic inference? Although these methods usually achieve concordant topological results, they may generate discordant inferences of character evolution from the same datasets. This indicates that method selection has serious implications for evolutionary scenarios and classificatory arrangements. Notwithstanding that parsimony and model‐based approaches use the Hennigian concepts of monophyly and synapomorphy, they employ different epistemological ways of dealing with the monophyly/synapomorphy relationship. Independently of their differences, these analyses should take into account all relevant evidence in support of the phylogenetic inferences. A focus on morphological homologues means that they must be included in data matrices, evaluated as part of the phylogenetic analysis, and cannot be ignored in calculation of the tree(s) length (parsimony), maximum‐likelihood (maximum‐likelihood), and posterior probabilities (Bayes).
Exzidieren oder nicht: Auswirkung von MelaFind auf Biopsie‐Entscheidungen atypischer Läsionen bei deutschen Dermatologen
Authors: Hauschild Axel , Chen Suephy C. , Weichenthal Michael , Blum Andreas , King Hadley C. , Goldsmith Jeff , Scharfstein Daniel , Gutkowicz‐Krusin Dina 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungZielsetzungDie Biopsie‐Sensitivität unter Dermatologen in Deutschland gegenüber Melanomen zu bestimmen und zu ermitteln, welchen Einfluss MelaFind® auf ihre Entscheidung hat, Melanome zu biopsieren.StudiendesignRandomisierte, zweiarmige Online‐Leserstudie mit Präsentation von Fallinformationen, klinischen/dermatoskopischen Abbildungen pigmentierter Hautläsionen und MelaFind‐Ergebnissen (Studienarm 2).MethodenJeder Teilnehmer wurde aufgefordert, 130 pigmentierte Hautläsionen zu überprüfen. Die Biopsie‐Entscheidungen von Dermatologen ohne MelaFind versus MelaFind und von Dermatologen ohne MelaFind versus Dermatologen mit MelaFind wurden miteinander verglichen.ErgebnisseDermatologen ohne MelaFind zeigten eine durchschnittliche Sensitivität gegenüber Melanomen von 69,5 % und eine durchschnittliche Spezifität von 55,9 %. MelaFind hatte eine höhere Sensitivität als Dermatologen ohne dieses Hilfsmittel (96,9 % vs. 69,5 %, einseitiger Test, p < 0,00001) bei niedrigerer Spezifität (9,2 % vs. 55,9 %, einseitiger Test, p < 0,00001). Dermatologen mit MelaFind zeigten eine höhere Sensitivität als Dermatologen ohne MelaFind (78 % vs. 69,5 %, einseitiger Test, p < 0,00001) und eine geringere Spezifität (45,8 % vs. 55,9 %, einseitiger p < 0,00001). Die Zahl der Dermatologen, die über 90 % der malignen Melanome entdeckten, stieg von 3 von 101 ohne MelaFind auf 22 von 101 mit MelaFind (p = 0,00006) bei weitestgehend unveränderter Spezifität (23 % vs. 21 %, p = 0,99).SchlussfolgerungenDie durch MelaFind gewonnenen Informationen können, wenn sie in die Biopsie‐Entscheidung mit einbezogen werden, die Sensitivität verbessern bei nur geringer Beeinflussung der Spezifität.
Television viewing time and risk of incident diabetes mellitus: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Smith L. , Hamer M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the longitudinal association between television viewing time and risk of incident diabetes mellitus in an elderly sample of adults in England.MethodsAnalyses of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. At baseline (2008), participants reported their television viewing time and physical activity level. Diabetes mellitus was recorded from self‐reported physician diagnosis at 2‐year follow‐up. Associations between television viewing time and combined television viewing time and physical activity level with risk of incident diabetes mellitus at follow‐up were examined using adjusted logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 5964 participants (mean ± sd age 65 ± 9 years at baseline, 44% male) were included in the analyses. There was an association between baseline television viewing time and risk of incident diabetes mellitus at 2‐year follow‐up (≥ 6 h/day compared with <2 h/day; odds ratio 4.27, 95% CI 1.69, 10.77), although the association was attenuated to the null in final adjusted models that included BMI. Participants who were inactive/had high television viewing time at baseline were almost twice as likely to have diabetes mellitus at 2‐year follow‐up than those who were active/had low television viewing time (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.02, 3.68), although active participants reporting high television viewing were not at risk.ConclusionInterventions to reduce the incidence of diabetes in the elderly that focus on both increasing physical activity and reducing television viewing time might prove useful.
Anticipated, Intense Risk Enhances Behavioral Conformity in a Mouse Model
Authors: Cherng Chianfang G. , Wang Ching‐Yi , Lai Yu‐Ting , Tzeng Wen‐Yu , Chen Li‐Hsien , Tsai Yi‐Ni , Yu Lung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA mouse conformity model was established by contrasting the differences in the time spent navigating a custom‐made maze when mice were alone versus when they were in a companion group. Experimental mice received one‐trial inhibitory avoidance training by experiencing a foot shock after they arrived at a designated goal box in the maze. In contrast, four mice of the respective companion group received food pellet trainings for rapidly approaching the same goal box. In the retest, mice receiving 0.3‐mA shock in the training trial and navigating alone displayed longer arrival latency to the goal box compared with the mice receiving same level of shock in the training trial and navigating along with the companion group. A conformity index was calculated for the arrival latency of the experimental mice receiving the retest alone and the latency of the experimental mice receiving the retest along with the companion group. In the retest, the conformity index progressively increased with the training foot shock level. No difference was noticed in the arrival latency to the goal box or the conformity index between group‐navigating experimental mice accompanied by familiar and unfamiliar groups. These results, taken together, indicate that behavioral conformity can be enhanced by an expected, intense risk. Moreover, familiarity with the companion group does not affect the behavioral conformity of an individual. We conclude that species members‐shared risk‐detecting and risk‐coping systems could be critical in motivating behavioral conformity for each member of this species.
Stereospecificity and Intracellular Binding of Metaraminol
Authors: Lundborg Per , Stitzel Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLundborg, P. and R. E. Stitzel. Stereospecificity and intracellular binding of metaraminol. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 392–395.Both d‐ and l‐metaraminol (MA) were able to displace 3H‐dl‐MA from subcellular fractions of the mouse heart when given 15 min after administration of the labelled amine. The l‐form was more effective, however. If the unlabelled isomers were given 24 hrs after 3H‐dl‐MA only the l‐isomer was an effective displacing agent, although it was less effective than when it was given 15 min after the tritiated racemic mixture. These results suggest that d‐MA is not firmly bound to the particulate fraction and is rapidly lost from sympathetically innervated tissues. It is further suggested that there is a transfer of MA from a more to a less available granular storage site with time.
The Distribution of Intravascularly Administered Lipid Soluble and Lipid Insoluble Substances in the Mucosa and the Submucosa of the Small Intestine of the Cat
Authors: Kampp Mogens , Lundgren Ove , Sjöstrand Johan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractKampp, M., O. Lundgren and J. Sjöstrand. The distribution of intravascularly administered lipid soluble and lipid insoluble substances in the mucosa and the submucosa of the small intestine of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 469–480.The distribution of intra‐arterially injected antipyrine‐C14 (lipid soluble) and urea‐C14 (lipid insoluble) in the mucosa and the submucosa of the cat intestine was investigated by autoradiography at various levels of total intestinal blood flow. At a “resting” flow level a comparatively low concentration of both tracers was noted in the villi five sec after the isotope administration. The difference in concentration between crypts and villi was most pronounced for antipyrine‐C14. Further, it was demonstrated that the two tracers were eliminated slowly from the tips of the villi at “rest”. When the intestinal vascular bed was dilated by isopropylnoradrenaline, the concentration of the tracers immediately after the injection seemed more or less constant throughout the mucosa. The rate of wash‐out from the villi of the two tracers was, furthermore, constant. Experiments were also performed at “resting” blood flow, in which the distribution of intra‐arterially infused 4‐iodoantipyrine (lipid soluble) and rubidium (lipid insoluble) was determined in three or four transverse sections of the villi. Results consistent with those described above were obtained. The findings suggest the existence of countercurrent exchange, particularly of lipid soluble substances, between the ascending and descending limbs of the mucosal vascular loops mainly located in the villi.
Effects of Carotid Baroreceptor Reflexes on Venous Tone in Skeletal Muscle and Intestine of the Cat
Authors: Hadjiminas John , ÖBerg Bengt 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHadjiminas, J. and B. Öberg. Effects of carotid baroreceptor reflexes on venous tone in skeletal muscle and intestine of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 518–532.The engagement of skeletal muscle and intestinal veins in baroreceptor reflexes was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the reflex responses of the resistance and capacitance vessels with those obtained with direct stimulation of the regional vasoconstrictor fibres. Such comparisons revealed that the reflex constriction of skeletal muscle veins, following a diminution of baroreceptor activity, was, in general, considerably smaller than the concomitant resistance vessel constriction. This discrepancy points to a definitely lower, reflex discharge rate in the venoconstrictor fibres. When, however, vasomotor centre excitation, following withdrawal of baroreceptor restraint, was intense, the ensuing venoconstriction in skeletal muscles became as pronounced as that of the resistance vessels. In the intestine, the reflex responses of the capacitance and resistance vessels were always equally pronounced, indicating an essentially uniform reflex discharge rate in all intestinal vasomotor fibres. However, in comparison with the muscle resistance vessels, the intestinal vascular bed seems to be only moderately involved in baroreceptor reflexes. — It is concluded that the capacitance vessels in the studied circuits participate in baroreceptor reflexes but less extensively than the muscle resistance vessels. The functional significance of the differentiated reflex vascular response pattern in skeletal muscles is discussed with special reference to the consequences for the net fluid exchange across the capillaries.
The Extraction Fraction of p‐Aminohippurate in the Superficial and Deep Venous Drainage Area of the Cat Kidney
Authors: Nissen O. I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAt plasma concentrations below 40 μg/ml the average extraction fraction of PAH was 0.95 in the superficial drainage area (consisting of approximately the outer half of the cortex), and 0.82 in the deep drainage area (the inner cortex + the medulla). Loading with Ringer's fluid, mannitol solution or plasma generally resulted in a decrease in the extraction fraction of both areas. The two extraction fractions fell to 0.86 and 0.64, respectively. The incompleteness of the extraction cannot be attributed to admixture of blood from the fibrous and fatty capsules of the kidney or to impurities in the PAH preparations. The erythrocytes showed a very low permeability to PAH; correction of renal venous plasma concentrations for diffusion of PAH from erythrocytes to plasma is unnecessary in the cat.—The Reubi principle of calculating the medullary plasma flow as the difference between the total renal plasma flow and the clearance of PAH is misleading in the cat, as it presumes complete extraction in cortical tissue.
Similarities between the Vascular Smooth Muscle Responses to Sudden Changes in External Potassium, Sodium and Chloride Ion Concentrations
Authors: Johansson Börje , Jonsson Olof 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effects of graded reductions in extracellular potassium, sodium and chloride concentrations on the spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity of the isolated rat portal vein have been studied. The immediate responses obtained on marked reduction in these ion concentrations and on readministration of normal solution were common to the three ion species and differed from the long‐term effect of the ionic environment. Thus abrupt large reductions in the concentration of any of the three ions resulted in a transient excitation whereas return to normal Krebs solution led to a temporary complete inhibition of muscle activity. These initial, transient responses could in many cases not be predicted on the basis of the “constant field equation” by merely inserting the actual ion concentration values. However, if the concentrations of chloride and potassium ions (or chloride and sodium ions) were changed in a reciprocal manner no such transient responses occurred. Some possible explanations for this difference between the immediate and long‐term effects of a changed ionic environment are discussed.
Metabolic Effects of Glucose Infusion in Man
Authors: Svedmyr Nils 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn experiments on man the potential importance of the hyperglycemic effect of adrenaline for its calorigenic action was studied. Glucose was infused i.v. in a dose of 0.005 g/kg/min for 30 min (total dose 22 g). The concentration of glucose in blood increased a little more (78 ± 4.2 mg/100 ml) than after an infusion of adrenaline in a dose of 0.10 μg/kg/min for 30 min (54 ± 4.3 mg/100 ml). The oxygen consumption was not stimulated during or after the glucose infusion. The CO2‐elimination and the respiratory quotient (RQ) increased, however. The free fatty acid content in plasma decreased but the lactate concentration in the blood was not altered. It is probable that the hyperglycemic effect of adrenaline is of no importance for its calorigenic action.
Role of Myogenic Propagation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Response to Vasomotor Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Johansson Börje , Ljung Bengt 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInnervated preparations of the spontaneously active vascular smooth muscle of the rat portal vein were used for the present study. The preparation was so arranged as to allow blockade of myogenic conduction between two adjacent portions. It was also possible to subject one of the portions selectively to adrenergic receptor blockade. It could be shown that myogenic propagation is necessary for coordination of the neurogenic contractile response, as is the case with the synchronization of the spontaneous myogenic activity. Moreover, after the direct response to noradrenaline and adrenergic nerve stimulation had been blocked in one portion of the muscle selectively, its activity was still enhanced during nerve stimulation by means of a myogenic spread of excitation from the other portion, where the innervation and adrenergic receptor function were intact. It is concluded that myogenic conduction contributes to the effectiveness of neurogenic activation by coordinating the contractions and by recruiting non‐innervated muscle cells to participate in the response. The results are discussed in relation to the sparse innervation described in vascular smooth muscle.
A Method to Determine Osmotically Effective Albumin and Gammaglobulin Concentrations in Tissue Fluids, Its Application to the Uvea and a Note on the Effects of Capillary “Leaks” on Tissue Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bill Anders 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChoroids and ciliary processes from rabbits were incubated with labelled myoglobin, albumin and gammaglobulin and the equilibrium spaces were determined. Using experimental data for the in vivo steady state myoglobin space in each tissue an approximate value for the in vivo equilibrium space could be calculated. The in vivo albumin and gammaglobulin equilibrium spaces were calculated using the data for in vivo equilibrium myoglobin spaces and the differences in spaces determined in vitro. Values for the effective albumin and gammaglobulin concentrations in the tissues were calculated by dividing the in vivo steady state spaces by the calculated in vivo equilibrium spaces. In the choroid the effective albumin and gammaglobulin concentrations were 68 and 48 per cent of those in plasma respectively. In the ciliary processes the corresponding figures were 74 and 67 per cent.Model experiments showed that in membranes with 500 Å pores the apparent colloid osmotic pressure of rabbit plasma, 3 % albumin and 3 % gammaglobulin is less than 1 cm H2O.The results indicate that in the choroid and the ciliary processes there is a net outflow of water in the semipermeable parts of the blood vessels having a transmural hydrostatic pressure difference of more than 7 mmHg. In pores permitting protein passage still less is required to give net outward filtration.
Maintenance of Noradrenaline Synthesis in Rats after Reserpine Treatment
Authors: Wennmalm ÅKe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStudies of the excretion in the urine of noradrenaline (NA) and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) during 5 days treatment with 0.05—0.1 rpg/kg of reserpine in rats with demedullated adrenal glands arc reported. The excretion of NA was moderately reduced but VMA excretion was not significantly influenced by this treatment, although the heart was almost completely depleted of NA within 48 hours. These results indicate that synthesis of NA may continue in spite of reserpine treatment causing tissue depletion of the amine, suggesting the normal storage is not a prerequisite for resynthesis.
The Reflection of the Age, Tissue and Solubility on the Amberlite CG‐50 Fractions of Denatured Collagens
Authors: Pikkarainen E. Kulonen and J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCollagen was extracted and purified from the skins of young and full‐grown guinea pigs and from the skins and tendons of calf and cow, first with neutral salt solutions and acidic buffers in the cold and then the residue was gelatinized by stepwise heating. In the young animals the collagenous material which could be solubilized at +65° C already was increased markedly. The various denatured collagens were fractionated with Amberlite CG‐50 columns, eluted with buffers of increasing ionic strength and pH and finally with sodium hydroxide. The first fraction, emerging at pH 5.50, was large in the samples from soluble collagen (in comparison to insoluble), in the extracts from insoluble collagens of young animals (in comparison to adults) and in the collagenous fractions of tendon (in comparison to the skin). The gradientbuffer‐eluted fraction which had been derived from insoluble collagen at progressively raised temperatures contained in abundance imino acids and hydroxy amino acids (in comparison to soluble collagens).
Effect of Feeding on Antral and Duodenal Gastrin Activity
Authors: Fyrö Bengt 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAntral and duodenal gastrin activity was determined in cats at different times after a meal of fish. Cats starved for 24 hrs were used as controls. At 1.5 and 3 hrs after feeding the antral gastrin activity was reduced to about 40 per cent of controls. At 6 hrs there was a trend towards restoration and after 12 hrs the antral gastrin activity was back to control level. Starving for either 2 or 4 days did not influence the antral gastrin activity. The duodenal gastrin activity was about 60 per cent of controls 3 hrs after feeding. Vagotomy did not seem to influence the reduction of the gastrin activity 3 hrs after feeding.