bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance, haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks
Authors: Oso A. O. , Erinle O. Y. , William G. A. , Ogunade A. C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance, haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks were investigated using 250‐day‐old cockerel chicks previously reared for 7 days pre‐experimental period. Birds were fed with commercial chick mash during the pre‐experimental period. At the expiration of this period, 192 chicks were selected on weight equalization basis and assigned into 24 pens. Each treatment consisted of six pens, while each pen housed eight birds. Four wheat–soya bean‐based experimental diets were formulated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets having two wheat forms (ground and whole wheat grain) each supplemented or not with 1 g/kg MOS/kg feed. Whole wheat feeding (irrespective of MOS supplementation) showed reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake. Birds fed whole wheat diet supplemented with MOS recorded the highest (p < 0.01) final live weight, weight gain and the best (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count of the chicks were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, dietary supplementation with MOS resulted in increased (p < 0.05) WBC counts. The caecum content of chicks fed with MOS‐supplemented whole wheat diets recorded the least (p < 0.01) salmonella counts. In conclusion, combination of whole wheat feeding and MOS supplementation showed improved growth performance, gut microbiota and indications of improved health status of cockerel chicks.
Association between IL28B polymorphism, TNFα and biomarkers of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C‐related insulin resistance
Authors: Lemoine M. , Chevaliez S. , Bastard J. P. , Fartoux L. , Chazouillères O. , Capeau J. , Pawlotsky J. M. , Serfaty L. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTNFα has been shown to play a role in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐induced insulin resistance (IR). Polymorphism of the IL28B gene that encodes IFN‐lambda 3 may be associated with IR through modulation of TNFα. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL28B rs12979860 genotype, the level of TNFα activation and the degree of IR in patients with chronic hepatitis C. One hundred and thirty‐three nondiabetic genotype 1 HCV‐infected patients with biopsy proven noncirrhotic hepatitis C were investigated for IR (using HOMA index), IL28B rs12979860 genotype and fasting circulating levels of soluble receptor 1 of TNFα (sTNFR1) and adipokines: leptin, adiponectin and IL‐6. The HOMA‐IR was positively correlated with serum levels of leptin (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001) and sTNFR1 (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001) but not with IL‐6 or adiponectin. IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype was observed in 35% patients. Genotype CC and nongenotype CC patients were similar in terms of HOMA‐IR (means 1.6 ± 0.9 vs 1.7 ± 1.4) and had similar circulating levels of sTNFR1 and adipokines. Independent factors associated with IR were ferritin (OR = 1.002, P = 0.02), leptin (OR = 1.06, P = 0.02) and sTNFR1 (OR = 7.9, P = 0.04). This study suggests that in nondiabetic, noncirrhotic, HCV genotype 1‐infected patients, there is no relationship between IL28B rs12979860 genotype and HOMA‐IR or sTNFR1 level. HCV‐related IR may be mediated through TNFα independent of IL28B genotype.
Pharmacokinetics of Single‐Dose Rectal Zonisamide Administration in Normal Dogs
Authors: Brewer D.M. , Cerda‐Gonzalez S. , Dewey C.W. , Boothe D. , Van Horne K. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundFew medications are available for parental administration to animals with seizures. Rectal administration of medications is often used if the animal cannot be administered oral medications.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the pharmacokinetic differences in zonisamide when administered rectally in either of 2 vehicles and PO to dogs.AnimalsEight healthy research dogs.MethodsRandomized cross‐over design. Zonisamide, 10 mg/kg, was administered rectally in polyethylene glycol (PEG‐R), rectally in water (H2O‐R), and as an oral capsule. Plasma zonisamide concentrations were measured until 72 hours after administration. Zonisamide was quantitated by HPLC and plasma concentration versus time curve data was analyzed by using noncompartmental modeling.ResultsMean maximum plasma zonisamide concentrations (μg/mL) were significantly higher after oral administration (11.56 ± 4.04) compared to H2O‐R (5.00 ± 1.83) (P = .004). Disappearance half‐life (hours) and mean time to maximum concentration (hours) were not significantly different between methods of administration. Mean relative bioavailability of PEG‐R (85 ± 69%) was significantly higher than that of H2O‐R (53 ± 37%) (P = .039). Dogs tolerated all dosing forms with no evidence of adverse effects.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe vehicle in which zonisamide is dissolved influences rectal bioavailability, with PEG preferred to H2O‐R. Because of the prolonged time to maximum concentration, rectal administration of zonisamide should not be used to treat status epilepticus in dogs. A dose higher than what was used in this study might be necessary, if currently recommended minimum therapeutic concentrations (10 μg/mL) are to be achieved with a single‐dose administration.
Plasma C‐Reactive Protein and Haptoglobin Concentrations in Critically Ill Neonatal Foals
Authors: Zabrecky K.A. , Slovis N.M. , Constable P.D. , Taylor S.D. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAccurate diagnostic markers for sepsis in neonatal foals are needed. Plasma C‐reactive protein concentration (p[CRP]) and haptoglobin concentration (p[Hp]) are well‐established biomarkers of infection in humans, but studies are lacking in foals.Hypothesesp[CRP]) and p[Hp] are increased in septic foals compared to sick nonseptic and healthy control foals, and are predictive of survival.AnimalsEighty critically ill foals (40 septic, 40 sick nonseptic) and 39 healthy control foals <1 week of age.MethodsMulticenter, prospective observational clinical study. Venous blood was collected at admission from septic and sick nonseptic foals and from clinically healthy foals at 24 h of age. A diagnosis of sepsis was made based on positive blood culture or a sepsis score >11, and p[CRP] and p[Hp] were measured by usingELISAtests. Data were analyzed by using the Mann‐WhitneyU‐test and forward stepwise multivariable linear regression.P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsPlasma [CRP] was positively associated with age, serum globulin, adrenomedullin, and bilirubin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase activity, glutamyl‐transferase activity, band neutrophil count, and rectal temperature, and was increased in foals with toxic neutrophils, enterocolitis, colic, rib fractures and septic arthritis. Surprisingly, p[Hp] was lower in septic foals than in sick nonseptic foals. Neither p[CRP] or p[Hp] was predictive of survival in critically ill foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma [CRP] increases with inflammation in neonatal foals but is not indicative of sepsis. Single time point, admission sampling of p[CRP] and p[Hp] do not appear to be useful biomarkers for sepsis in foals.
Ecosystem multifunctionality of coastal marshes is determined by key plant traits
Authors: Minden Vanessa , Kleyer Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuestionsAs biodiversity losses increase due to global change and human‐induced habitat destruction, the relationships between plant traits and ecosystem properties can provide a new level of understanding ecosystem complexity. Using a functional response–effect approach, we show that multiple components of the carbon cycle are determined by a few plant traits, which in turn are strongly affected by environmental conditions.LocationSalt marshes, northwest Germany.MethodsWe explored responses of morphological, chemical and biomass‐related plant traits to environmental drivers and examined their effects on carbon cycle properties, i.e. above‐ground biomass, above‐ground net primary productivity and decomposition. The combined analysis between environmental parameters, functional traits and ecosystem properties used structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsImportant response and effect traits were leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and below‐ground dry mass (BDM, responding to groundwater level and salinity) and leaf C:N ratio (responding to inundation frequency). Inundation and salinity led to increased allocation to below‐ground biomass and salt stress adaptation in leaves, which translated into increased decomposition rates. Release from these abiotic controls resulted in standing biomass accumulation, which was controlled by LDMC and canopy height as key traits.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the interacting effects of non‐consumable environmental factors and soil resources on morphological, chemical and biomass traits, which affected carbon cycle properties. Loss of species from the community has the potential to change the relationships between environment and vegetation‐based ecosystem properties and therefore elicit effects on the multifunctionality of the entire and adjacent ecosystems.
Other People: A child's age predicts a source's effect on memory
Authors: Carol Rolando N. , Compo Nadja Schreiber 
Published: March 2015

PurposeFor decades, researchers have investigated the effects of various interviewing techniques used in child witness interviews. One particular technique yet to be explored fully is Other People, that is, mentioning other witnesses’ alleged statements when interviewing a child. This study thus examined how the source of others’ information affects children's memory and source monitoring as a function of age (7–18).MethodChildren and adolescents (N = 110) watched a 10‐min video and were then questioned about the witnessed event 1 week later using a series of yes/no questions. Throughout this series of questions, the source of outside information (peer vs. adult vs. no source) and its veracity (correct vs. incorrect) were manipulated.ResultsFindings indicated that an adult source was more detrimental to witness accuracy than a peer source or no source, but this detrimental effect diminished as witness age increased. Source monitoring data mirrored this pattern: As age increased, so did accurate source attributions for information attributed to an adult.ConclusionOverall findings suggest that information source in conjunction with witness age should be considered when assessing the effect of outside information on child and adolescent memory.
Liturgy, Scripture and Resonance in the Operas of James MacMillan
Authors: Fuller Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Scottish Composer James MacMillan has drawn on his Roman Catholic faith in much of his musical output, and this has been a significant influence not least on the six operatic works which he has produced to date. These operas, a number of which set libretti by the poet Michael Symmons Roberts, are richly diverse in their scale and in the stories which they present; yet they share a number of themes in common. All of them juxtapose sacred and secular topics, and all are concerned with stories that are both timeless and contemporary. Particularly striking is the fact that all of them draw on liturgy or scripture to give depth and resonance to the stories they tell. These resonances apply both to the characters in the operas and to the audience watching the works in performance. These operatic works therefore have the capacity to prompt theological as well as musical and dramatic reflections in those who experience them.
A cross‐cultural investigation of attachment style, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs, and symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Gerson C. D. , Gerson M.‐J. , Chang L. , Corazziari E. S. , Dumitrascu D. , Ghoshal U. C. , Porcelli P. , Schmulson M. , Wang W.‐A. , Zali M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle information exists regarding whether psychosocial variables in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) vary by geographic location. Adult attachment is an important psychological concept rooted in childhood relationship experience that has not been previously studied in IBS. Catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs have been described in IBS and may be affected by attachment. Aims: In this cross‐cultural study, we determined: (i) whether attachment differs between IBS patients and controls, (ii) whether geographic location has a significant effect on attachment style, catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs, and (iii) how all three variables correlate with IBS symptom severity.Methods463 IBS patients, with moderate to severe symptom scores, and 192 healthy controls completed validated questionnaires about attachment, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs and IBS‐SSS in nine locations, USA (New York, Los Angeles), Mexico, Italy (Rome, Bari), Romania, Iran, India, and China.Key ResultsAttachment anxiety and avoidance scores were significantly higher in IBS patients than in controls (p < 0.001). This was particularly true for the fearful‐avoidant attachment category, especially in China and Romania. Path analysis showed that attachment anxiety and avoidance had indirect effects on IBS‐SSS through catastrophizing (p < 0.0001) and negative pain beliefs (p = 0.005). All three psychosocial measures varied significantly depending on location.Conclusions & InferencesIn the IBS population studied, attachment style was significantly different in IBS compared to a control population. Geographic differences in attachment, catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs were documented and their correlation with symptom severity and thus, research of psychosocial variables in IBS should take into account the location of the population studied.
Modulation of intestinal afferent nerve sensitivity to inflammatory mediators following systemic endotoxin in mice
Authors: Xue B. , Kasparek M. S. , Müller M. H. , Kreis M. E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundEndotoxin exposure may be followed by visceral hypersensitvity but potential mechanisms are not fully explored. We aimed to test the hypothesis that mast cells and the cyclooxygenase pathway (COX) mediate modulation of afferent nerve sensitivity following systemic endotoxin.MethodsC57Bl6 mice received endotoxin injection i.p. to induce systemic inflammation. Control animals received normal saline. Extracellular multi‐unit afferent nerve discharge was recorded from jejunal mesenteric nerves in vitro. Afferent nerve response to 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, 250 μmol/L), bradykinin (BK, 0.5 μmol/L), and to mechanical ramp distension of the intestinal lumen from 0 to 60 cmH2O were recorded 2 h following endotoxin administration.Key ResultsFollowing endotoxin administration peak afferent discharge to 5‐HT and BK was increased compared to controls (p < 0.05). Pre‐perfusion with the mast cell stabilizer Doxantrazole (10−4 M), or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor Naproxen inhibited the increased response to 5‐HT and BK (p < 0.05 vs endotoxin pretreatment). Mechanosensitivity during luminal ramp distension from 10 to 60 cmH2O was increased following endotoxin pretreatment compared to controls (p < 0.05). This increase in sensitivity following endotoxin was no longer observed after Doxantrazole or Naproxen administration for pressures from 10 to 30 cmH2O (p < 0.05). Selective COX‐2 inhibition by NS398 (10 μM) but not COX‐1 inhibition by SC560 (300 μM) reduced increased afferent discharge in endotoxin pretreated animals to 5‐HT, BK and mechanical ramp distension from 10 to 40 cmH2O (all p < 0.05).Conclusions & InferencesSystemic endotoxin sensitizes mesenteric afferent nerve fibers to 5‐HT, BK and mechanical stimuli. The underlying mechanism responsible for this sensitization seems to involve mast cells and the COX‐2 pathway.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are associated with the joint hypermobility syndrome in secondary care: a case–control study
Authors: Fikree A. , Aktar R. , Grahame R. , Hakim A. J. , Morris J. K. , Knowles C. H. , Aziz Q. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe overlap of unexplained gastrointestinal (GI) and somatic symptoms is well established in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a non‐inflammatory connective tissue disorder associated with GI and somatic symptoms. We aimed to determine whether there is an association between diagnosis of JHS and FGID and the impact of this association on comorbidities and quality of life (QOL).MethodsProspective case–control study in secondary care GI clinics over 2 years. JHS was assessed by the first author prior to consultation in 641 consecutive new patients. Diagnosis of FGID (cases, n = 336) or organic disorders (controls, n = 305) was established blind to JHS status. JHS prevalence was compared in cases (FGID patients) and controls (organic disorders patients). Extra‐intestinal comorbidity and QOL were compared in FGID patients with and without JHS.Key ResultsJHS prevalence was higher in FGID compared to organic GI disorders (39.0% vs 27.5%, ORadj: 1.51, CI: 1.07–2.12, p = 0.02), and particularly associated with functional gastroduodenal disorders (44.1%, ORadj: 2.08, CI: 1.25–3.46, p = 0.005), specifically postprandial distress syndrome (51%, ORadj: 1.99, CI: 1.06–3.76, p = 0.03). FGID patients with JHS had increased chronic pain (23.2% vs 11.9%, p = 0.01), fibromyalgia (10.5% vs 3.1%, p = 0.01), somatization scores (13 vs 10, p < 0.001), urinary autonomic scores (30.5 vs 20.7, p = 0.03), and worse pain‐related QOL scores (45.0 vs 63.5, p = 0.004).Conclusions & InferencesJHS is significantly associated with FGID, and this subgroup of patients have increased comorbidity and decreased QOL. Further research is required to understand the pathophysiological basis of this association.
Involvement of 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors in colonic motor patterns in rats
Authors: Yu Y. , Chen J.‐H. , Li H. , Yang Z. , Du X. , Hong L. , Liao H. , Jiang L. , Shi J. , Zhao L. , Tan S. , Luo H. , Huizinga J. D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundColonic migrating motor complexes in the rat constitute two distinct propulsive motor patterns, pan‐colonic rhythmic long distance contractions (LDCs), and rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) occurring primarily in the mid/distal colon. Interstitial cells of Cajal govern their rhythmicity, but their occurrence is dependent on neural programs. Our aim was to investigate the involvement of 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors in the generation and pharmacological control of the motor patterns.MethodsEffects of 5‐HT‐related drugs on colonic motor patterns were analyzed through spatio‐temporal maps created from video recordings of whole organ motility.Key Results5‐HT3 antagonists abolished RPMCs and LDCs. 5‐HT4 agonists inhibited LDCs; they promoted RPMCs, which was blocked by the 5‐HT4 antagonist GR 125487. 5‐HT and the 5‐HT3 agonist m‐CPBG strongly inhibited LDCs and RPMCs.Conclusions & InferencesThe generation of LDCs involves ongoing 5‐HT release acting on 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors. The spontaneous generation of RPMCs involves ongoing 5‐HT release acting on 5‐HT3 but not 5‐HT4 receptors. Prucalopride and mosapride promote RPMCs, an effect that is inhibited by the 5‐HT4 receptor antagonist GR 125487. A 5‐HT3 agonist does not promote RPMCs. Segmentation, including a pattern of sequential segmental activity not previously described, can occur without significant involvement of 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors. 5‐HT and a 5‐HT3 agonist are strongly inhibitory indicating that 5‐HT receptors are present in inhibitory pathways which are normally not involved in the generation of spontaneous or distention‐induced motor patterns.
Long‐term efficacy of biofeedback therapy in patients with dyssynergic defecation: results of a median 44 months follow‐up
Authors: Lee H. J. , Boo S.‐J. , Jung K. W. , Han S. , Seo S. Y. , Koo H. S. , Yoon I. J. , Park S. H. , Yang D.‐H. , Kim K.‐J. , Ye B. D. , Byeon J.‐S. , Yang S.‐K. , Kim J.‐H. , Myung S.‐J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe beneficial effect of biofeedback therapy (BFT) over a period of more than 2 years has not been studied in a large group of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term efficacy of BFT for dyssynergic defecation (DD).MethodsWe evaluated the results for 347 consecutive constipated patients with DD who underwent BFT for a median of five sessions between 2004 and 2009. Initial responses were assessed immediately after the completion of BFT. A responder was defined as a subject with at least a three‐point improvement from before to after BFT on an 11‐point global bowel satisfaction (GBS) scale, or a two‐point improvement if the baseline GBS was more than six points. The probability of remaining a responder was estimated by non‐parametric maximum likelihood estimation.Key ResultsThe initial response rate to BFT was 72.3% (n = 251), Parkinson's disease and higher baseline GBS scores were associated with initial non‐response. The long‐term efficacy of BFT was analyzed in 103 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months; the initial effects of BFT were maintained in 85 of the patients (82.5%) during a median of 44 months of follow‐up (IQR = 12–68). The probability of remaining a responder was 60% at 2 years, and 58% at 5 years.Conclusions & InferencesThe efficacy of BFT is maintained for more than 2 years after BFT in a considerable proportion of constipated patients with DD. BFT is effective and durable treatment for managing DD.
A unique post‐operative complication
Authors: Modgill O. , Mani R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo highlight the importance of pre‐ and post‐operative examination of instruments used in exodontiaMaterial and MethodsThis case report concerns a fractured elevator tip following removal of a maxillary wisdom tooth, which dislodged from the socket approximately 8 weeks following the extraction. During this period, the patient remained asymptomatic.Results and ConclusionsThe reported incidence of fractured instruments during operative procedures is not a common occurrence in dentistry. The vast majority of cases reported in the literature occur during endodontic treatment, and this is an accepted common risk within the endodontic speciality. However, there is very little literature regarding instrument fracture and management of cases following simple or complex exodontia. Although this is a rare incident, it reinforces the importance of checking instruments pre‐ and postsurgery by both the dental surgeon and assistants.
Mandible ameloblastic carcinoma of difficult diagnosis: a case report
Authors: Nardis A.C. , Gonçalves S. , Nagata G. , Trierveiler M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmeloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits malignant histological features in primary and secondary tumours. This is a case of a 36‐year‐old woman who presented a hard mass in the right inferior jaw, associated with pain and gingival bleeding. The radiography showed a unilocular radiolucent lesion with sclerotic borders, resembling a benign tumour. After the anatomical‐pathological diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma, the patient treatment consisted of surgical partial resection of the mandible, neck dissection, followed by reconstruction with a titanium plate. Post‐operative radiotherapy was performed. The diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma remains a challenge and this tumour may require extensive surgical sampling or its total removal to establish the histological diagnosis.