bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semisynthesis and in Vitro Photodynamic Activity Evaluations of Halogenated and Glycosylated Derivatives of Pheophorbide a
Authors: Cieckiewicz Ewa , Mathieu Véronique , Angenot Luc , Gras Thierry , Dejaegher Bieke , de Tullio Pascal , Pirotte Bernard , Frédérich Michel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe present work focuses on the semisynthesis of halogenated and glycosylated derivatives of pheophorbide a (Pha). Because of the low reaction yields enocuntered en route to halogenated derivatives, we then focused only on the semisynthesis of glycosylated derivatives of Pha with the aim at enhancing the Pha specificity for cancer cells by introducing β‐galactose moieties expected to bind gal‐1. We applied LC‐SPE‐NMR/MS, to facilitate the direct identification of glycosylated derivatives. The transposition of these analytical methods to a preparative scale facilitated the isolation of glycosylated compounds in quantities sufficient to evaluate in vitro photodynamic efficacies. The in vitro growth inhibitory activity of semisynthesized compounds was then evaluated using the MTT colorimetric assay in the presence and absence of light. However, this pharmacological evaluation method seems to be unable to efficiently yield information about carbohydrate effects in relation to possible compound specificities for gal‐1 overexpressed by B16F10 cancer cells.
On the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Interconnected through Pyrophosphate Linkages
Authors: Kistemaker Hans A. V. , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Filippov Dmitri V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article we revisit the synthetic methodology for oligonucleotides interconnected via pyrophosphates that relies on reactivity of phosphorodiamidous anhydrides. We have found this method, previously published by Ahmadibeni and Parang (2007), to be irreproducible in our hands. We synthesized successfully three pyrophosphate interconnected thymidine oligonucleotides, identical to the claimed structures in their article, via a method independently developed by us. Evaluation of the spectroscopic data of the newly synthesized products casts doubts on the viability of the Ahmadibeni–Parang approach. Therefore, we believe to report here the first successful synthesis of DNA oligomers interconnected via pyrophosphate linkages.
Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete girder bridges using Bayesian belief network
Authors: Franchin Paolo , Lupoi Alessio , Noto Fabrizio , Tesfamariam Solomon 
Published: August 2015

SummaryInfrastructure owners and operators, or governmental agencies, need rapid screening tools to prioritize detailed risk assessment and retrofit resources allocation. This paper provides one such tool, for use by highway administrations, based on Bayesian belief network (BBN) and aimed at replacing so‐called generic or typological seismic fragility functions for reinforced concrete girder bridges. Resources for detailed assessments should be allocated to bridges with highest consequence of damage, for which site hazard, bridge fragility, and traffic data are needed. The proposed BBN based model is used to quantify seismic fragility of bridges based on data that can be obtained by visual inspection and engineering drawings. Results show that the predicted fragilities are of sufficient accuracy for establishing relative ranking and prioritizing. While the actual data and seismic hazard employed to train the network (establishing conditional probability tables) refer to the Italian bridge stock, the network structure and engineering judgment can easily be adopted for bridges in different geographical locations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of diffusive gradients in thin films and core centrifugation methods to determine inorganic mercury and monomethylmercury profiles in sediment porewater
Authors: Noh Seam , Hong Yong Seok , Han Seunghee 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

A diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) is an in situ sampling technique for the quantitative analysis of contaminant concentrations that is based on the diffusion and adsorption of contaminants on to resin gels. In the present study, a DGT technique was applied to measure total mercury (Hg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in lake and coastal sediment porewaters and compare them with those from ex situ sediment centrifugation. To calculate the total Hg and MMHg concentrations in porewater using the DGT method, the diffusion coefficients of Hg species in a diffusive gel medium was first determined, and then total Hg and MMHg depth profiles were measured using the experimentally determined diffusion coefficients. Using the diffusion coefficients for artificial lake and estuarine waters containing inorganic salts, rather than those for lake and estuarine waters containing Suwannee River humic acid (∼5 mg C L−1), the DGT method demonstrated similar Hg and MMHg profiles to those using the centrifugation method. Based on the need for fine vertical resolution and high metal concentrations to be collected, DGT is suggested to be a reliable method for determining Hg(II) and MMHg depth profiles in sediment porewater. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:348–356. © 2015 SETAC
Evaluation of Skull Cortical Thickness Changes With Age and Sex From Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Lillie Elizabeth M , Urban Jillian E , Lynch Sarah K , Weaver Ashley A , Stitzel Joel D 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Head injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are extremely common, yet the details of the mechanism of injury remain to be well characterized. Skull deformation is believed to be a contributing factor to some types of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding biomechanical contributors to skull deformation would provide further insight into the mechanism of head injury resulting from blunt trauma. In particular, skull thickness is thought be a very important factor governing deformation of the skull and its propensity for fracture. Previously, age- and sex-based skull cortical thickness changes were difficult to evaluate based on the need for cadaveric skulls. In this cross-sectional study, skull thickness changes with age and sex have been evaluated at homologous locations using a validated cortical density-based algorithm to accurately quantify cortical thickness from 123 high-resolution clinical computed tomography (CT) scans. The flat bones of the skull have a sandwich structure; therefore, skull thickness was evaluated for the inner and outer tables as well the full thickness. General trends indicated an increase in the full skull thickness, mostly attributed to an increase in the thickness of the diploic layer; however, these trends were not found to be statistically significant. There was a significant relationship between cortical thinning and age for both tables of the frontal, occipital, and parietal bones ranging between a 36% and 60% decrease from ages 20 to 100 years in females, whereas males exhibited no significant changes. Understanding how cortical and full skull thickness changes with age from a wide range of subjects can have implications in improving the biofidelity of age- and sex-specific finite element models and therefore aid in the prediction and understanding of TBI from impact and blast injuries. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Identification of IDUA and WNT16 Phosphorylation-Related Non-Synonymous Polymorphisms for Bone Mineral Density in Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Niu Tianhua , Liu Ning , Yu Xun , Zhao Ming , Choi Hyung Jin , Leo Paul J , Brown Matthew A , Zhang Lei , Pei Yu-Fang , Shen Hui , He Hao , Fu Xiaoying , Lu Shan , Chen Xiang-Ding , Tan Li-Jun , Yang Tie-Lin , Guo Yan , Cho Nam H , Shen Jie , Guo Yan-Fang , Nicholson Geoffrey C , Prince Richard L , Eisman John A , Jones Graeme , Sambrook Philip N , Tian Qing , Zhu Xue-Zhen , Papasian Christopher J , Duncan Emma L , Uitterlinden André G , Shin Chan Soo , Xiang Shuanglin , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Protein phosphorylation regulates a wide variety of cellular processes. Thus, we hypothesize that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may modulate protein phosphorylation could affect osteoporosis risk. Based on a previous conventional genome-wide association (GWA) study, we conducted a three-stage meta-analysis targeting phosphorylation-related SNPs (phosSNPs) for femoral neck (FN)-bone mineral density (BMD), total hip (HIP)-BMD, and lumbar spine (LS)-BMD phenotypes. In stage 1, 9593 phosSNPs were meta-analyzed in 11,140 individuals of various ancestries. Genome-wide significance (GWS) and suggestive significance were defined by α = 5.21 × 10–6 (0.05/9593) and 1.00 × 10–4, respectively. In stage 2, nine stage 1–discovered phosSNPs (based on α = 1.00 × 10–4) were in silico meta-analyzed in Dutch, Korean, and Australian cohorts. In stage 3, four phosSNPs that replicated in stage 2 (based on α = 5.56 × 10–3, 0.05/9) were de novo genotyped in two independent cohorts. IDUA rs3755955 and rs6831280, and WNT16 rs2707466 were associated with BMD phenotypes in each respective stage, and in three stages combined, achieving GWS for both FN-BMD (p = 8.36 × 10–10, p = 5.26 × 10–10, and p = 3.01 × 10–10, respectively) and HIP-BMD (p = 3.26 × 10–6, p = 1.97 × 10–6, and p = 1.63 × 10–12, respectively). Although in vitro studies demonstrated no differences in expressions of wild-type and mutant forms of IDUA and WNT16B proteins, in silico analyses predicts that WNT16 rs2707466 directly abolishes a phosphorylation site, which could cause a deleterious effect on WNT16 protein, and that IDUA phosSNPs rs3755955 and rs6831280 could exert indirect effects on nearby phosphorylation sites. Further studies will be required to determine the detailed and specific molecular effects of these BMD-associated non-synonymous variants. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses from a 4‐month intradose escalation and its subsequent 12‐month dose titration studies for a human monoclonal anti‐FGF23 antibody (KRN23) in adults with X‐linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Peyret Thomas , Gosselin Nathalie H. , Marier J. F. , Imel Erik A. , Carpenter Thomas O. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractX‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an inherited metabolic bone disease with abnormally elevated serum FGF23 resulting in low renal maximum threshold for phosphate reabsorption, low serum phosphate (Pi) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D levels with subsequent development of short stature and skeletal deformities. KRN23 is a novel human anti‐FGF23 antibody for the treatment of XLH. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) models of KRN23 were assessed following subcutaneous dosing every 28 days over an initial 4‐month dose escalation (0.05–0.6 mg/kg) and a subsequent 12‐month titration period (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) in XLH adults. The PK of KRN23 was described by a 1‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption and elimination at doses ≥0.1 mg/kg. The elimination half‐life was 17.8 days. Covariates did not affect KRN23 PK. Mean peak serum Pi was attained 7–10 days after dosing and progressively increased following each of the initial 4 doses with comparable peak values attained following the sixth through tenth doses with a slight decrease thereafter. A PK‐PD model with a maximum effect (Emax) and a time‐varying effective concentration to reach 50% of Emax (EC50,t) described data adequately. Typical Emax was 1.5 mg/dL. Typical EC50,t was 1780 ng/mL and 5999 ng/mL after first and last dose, respectively.
Accuracy of diagnosis codes to identify febrile young infants using administrative data
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Williams Derek J. , Thurm Cary , Tieder Joel S. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Balamuth Fran , Myers Angela L. , McCulloh Russell J. , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Shah Samir S. , Browning Whitney L. , Hayes Katie L. , Feldman Elana A. , Neuman Mark I. ,   for the Febrile Young Infant Research Collaborative
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDAdministrative data can be used to determine optimal management of febrile infants and aid clinical practice guideline development.OBJECTIVEDetermine the most accurate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) diagnosis coding strategies for identification of febrile infants.DESIGNRetrospective cross‐sectional study.SETTINGEight emergency departments in the Pediatric Health Information System.PATIENTSInfants aged <90 days evaluated between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013 were randomly selected for medical record review from 1 of 4 ICD‐9 diagnosis code groups: (1) discharge diagnosis of fever, (2) admission diagnosis of fever without discharge diagnosis of fever, (3) discharge diagnosis of serious infection without diagnosis of fever, and (4) no diagnosis of fever or serious infection.EXPOSUREThe ICD‐9 diagnosis code groups were compared in 4 case‐identification algorithms to a reference standard of fever ≥100.4°F documented in the medical record.MEASUREMENTSAlgorithm predictive accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values.RESULTSAmong 1790 medical records reviewed, 766 (42.8%) infants had fever. Discharge diagnosis of fever demonstrated high specificity (98.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.8‐98.6) but low sensitivity (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.0‐56.4). A case‐identification algorithm of admission or discharge diagnosis of fever exhibited higher sensitivity (71.1%, 95% CI: 68.2‐74.0), similar specificity (97.7%, 95% CI: 97.3‐98.1), and the highest positive predictive value (86.9%, 95% CI: 84.5‐89.3).CONCLUSIONSA case‐identification strategy that includes admission or discharge diagnosis of fever should be considered for febrile infant studies using administrative data, though underclassification of patients is a potential limitation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:787–793. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Young and Dynamic?—The Curious Case of Korea's National Level Post‐2015 Process
Authors: Kim Soyeun , Kang Hanee 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper explores Korea's national‐level post‐2015 process via contextualising the political economy of Seoul's aid architecture. We examine the global–local discrepancy manifested in its uneven domestic processes where the global development ideas are localised and a uniquely Korean development experience is globalised. In doing so, the paper highlights the vertically and horizontally fragmented system and the lack of capacity, coordination and consistency at the heart of an uneven post‐2015 process. An in‐depth analysis of Korea's ODA architecture and Saemaul ODA demonstrates how global debates become subject to arbitrary localisation and further divergence to suit vested interests of various actors within Seoul's ODA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion‐prepared neurography of the brachial plexus with a large field‐of‐view at 3T
Authors: Oudeman Jos , Coolen Bram F. , Mazzoli Valentina , Maas Mario , Verhamme Camiel , Brink Wyger M. , Webb Andrew G. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo study diffusion‐prepared neurography optimized for a large field‐of‐view (FOV) to include the neck and both shoulders. In a large FOV poor homogeneity of the magnetic field (B0) often leads to poor image quality and possibly to poor diagnostic accuracy. The aim was therefore to find an optimal (combination of) shimming method(s) for diffusion‐prepared neurography in a large FOV.Materials and MethodsA 3D diffusion‐prepared sequence with a large FOV was tested with and without the use of a susceptibility‐matched pillow combined with image‐based (IB) or standard shimming in six healthy volunteers on a 3T system. B0, B1, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were compared between all protocols. Additionally, nerve visibility, fat suppression, artifacts, and overall image quality were ordinally (5‐point scale) assessed by two readers. Furthermore, correlations between B0 and B1 (offset and variation) and SNR, CNR, and image quality were explored.ResultsThe use of the susceptibility‐matched pillow led to a 43% reduction of B0 variation over the brachial plexus compared to the situation without a pillow (P < 0.05). The combination of the pillow with IB‐shimming and the optimized diffusion‐prepared sequence resulted in good nerve visibility, good fat suppression, no artifacts that would hinder clinical diagnosis, and a good overall quality (median scores ≥4). Reducing B0 variation was associated with SNR, CNR, and the above‐mentioned scored features (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of a susceptibility‐matched pillow in combination with IB‐shimming enables robust and high‐quality neurography of the complete brachial plexus. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:644–654.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging using readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging, parallel imaging, and two‐dimensional navigator‐based reacquisition in detecting acute optic neuritis
Authors: Wan Hailin , Sha Yan , Zhang Fang , Hong Rujian , Tian Guohong , Fan Heng 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in comparison to contrast‐enhanced, fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted imaging (CET1WI) in detecting acute optic neuritis (ON).Materials and MethodsThe clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 42 patients who presented with decreased vision were retrospectively reviewed. Both 3.0T MRI DWI and CET1WI orbital imaging studies were performed. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the DWI and CET1WI. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the DWI and CET1WI were individually calculated using the clinical diagnosis as the reference standard. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability of DWI and CET1WI were assessed by using a weighted Cohen's kappa (κ) test; a value of P < 0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance.ResultsOf the 42 patients, 34 patients (41 nerves) had clinically confirmed acute ON, two had ischemic optic neuropathy, and three had chronic recurrent ON. The sensitivities of DWI and CET1WI for acute ON were 82.9–82.9% and 68.3–85.4%, respectively; the specificities were 81.4–83.7% and 79.1–93.0%, respectively; and the accuracies were 82.1–83.3% and 82.1–90.0%, respectively. The interobserver kappa values were 0.596–0.643 and 0.694–0.734 for DWI and CET1WI, respectively; the intraobserver kappa values were 0.809–0.905 and 0.834–0.924 for DWI and CET1WI, respectively (each P < 0.0001).ConclusionGiven that its sensitivity and specificity are similar to those of dedicated CET1WI for acute ON, DWI can play an important complementary role in detecting acute ON, especially in atypical ON cases, and can provide a quantitative modality that can be used to evaluate axonal damage in the optic nerves. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:655–660.
A spatio‐temporal comparative study of the representation of precipitation over South America derived by three gridded data sets
Authors: Gulizia Carla , Camilloni Inés 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn the last few years, there has been an increasing application of gridded precipitation data sets for studies analysing seasonal and interannual precipitation variability as well as for performing validation analysis of climate and regional models. Consequently, the purpose of the present study is to analyse the representation of temporal variability and spatial patterns of precipitation in South America for the period 1971–2010, derived by three data sets based exclusively on rain gauge information (Climate Research Unit – CRU, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre – GPCC and University of Delaware – UDel), in order to identify discrepancies and/or agreements among them. Further analysis is performed for three particular sub‐regions within the continent (southern sector of southeastern South America – SSESA, central South America – CSA and southeastern Brazil – SEBR). Results show that the three products represent key spatial features of precipitation analogously. Significant coherence in capturing the temporal variability, associated with the dominant modes of variability, is found in all sub‐regions, though they differ largely in some areas, especially in CSA. Overall, depending on the region, the gridded products behave differently, without one particular data set standing out as an outlier in all the analysed cases.
Comparison of geostatistical approaches to spatially interpolate month‐year rainfall for the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Frazier Abby G. , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Diaz Henry F. , Needham Heidi L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe Hawaiian Islands have one of the most spatially diverse rainfall patterns on earth. Knowledge of these patterns is critical for a variety of resource management issues and, until now, only long‐term mean monthly and annual rainfall maps have been available for Hawai‘i. In this study, month‐year rainfall maps from January 1920 to December 2012 were developed for the major Hawaiian Islands. The maps were produced using climatologically aided interpolation (CAI), where the station anomalies were interpolated first, and then combined with the mean maps. A geostatistical method comparison was performed to choose the best interpolation method. The comparison focuses on three kriging algorithms: ordinary kriging (OK), ordinary cokriging (OCK), and kriging with an external drift (KED). Two covariates, elevation and mean rainfall, were tested with OCK and KED. The combinations of methods and covariates were compared using cross‐validation statistics, where OK produced the lowest error statistics. Station anomalies for each month were interpolated using OK and combined with the mean monthly maps to produce the final month‐year rainfall maps.
Comparison of cadaveric and isomorphic three‐dimensional printed models in temporal bone education
Authors: Hochman Jordan B. , Rhodes Charlotte , Wong Dana , Kraut Jay , Pisa Justyn , Unger Bertram 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisCurrent three‐dimensional (3D) printed simulations are complicated by insufficient void spaces and inconsistent density. We describe a novel simulation with focus on internal anatomic fidelity and evaluate against template/identical cadaveric education.Study DesignResearch ethics board‐approved prospective cohort study.MethodsGeneration of a 3D printed temporal bone was performed using a proprietary algorithm that deconstructs the digital model into slices prior to printing. This supplemental process facilitates removal of residual material from air‐containing spaces and permits requisite infiltrative access to the all regions of the model. Ten otolaryngology trainees dissected a cadaveric temporal bone (CTB) followed by a matched/isomorphic 3D printed bone model (PBM), based on derivative micro‐computed tomography data. Participants rated 1) physical characteristics, 2) specific anatomic constructs, 3) usefulness in skill development, and 4) perceived educational value. The survey instrument employed a seven‐point Likert scale.ResultsTrainees felt physical characteristics of the PBM were quite similar to CTB, with highly ranked cortical (5.5 ± 1.5) and trabecular (5.2 ± 1.3) bone drill quality. The overall model was considered comparable to CTB (5.9 ± 0.74), with respectable air cell reproduction (6.1 ± 1.1). Internal constructs were rated as satisfactory (range, 4.9–6.2). The simulation was considered a beneficial training tool for all types of mastoidectomy (range, 5.9–6.6), posterior tympanotomy (6.5 ± 0.71), and skull base approaches (range, 6–6.5). Participants believed the model to be an effective training instrument (6.7 ± 0.68), which should be incorporated into the temporal bone lab (7.0 ± 0.0). The PBM was thought to improve confidence (6.7 ± 0.68) and operative performance (6.7 ± 0.48).ConclusionsStudy participants found the PBM to be an effective platform that compared favorably to CTB. The model was considered a valuable adjunctive training tool with both realistic mechanical and visual character.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:2353–2357, 2015