bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal incontinence: Retentive, non‐retentive and when to suspect organic pathology
Authors: Di Lorenzo Carlo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundFaecal incontinence is a highly prevalent and very distressing condition that occurs throughout the entire paediatric age.AimTo summarise advances in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of children with faecal incontinence due to either disorders of gut–brain interaction or organic diseases.MethodsLiterature review on prevalence, impact, diagnosis and treatment options for children with faecal incontinence, interspersed with observations from the author's lifelong career focused on evaluation of children with motility disorders.ResultsFaecal incontinence in children is most commonly due to unrecognised or insufficiently treated functional constipation with overflow incontinence. Non‐retentive faecal incontinence (NRFI) is probably more common than previously thought and is particularly challenging to treat. Organic diseases such as anorectal malformations (ARMs), Hirschsprung disease and spinal defects are often associated with faecal incontinence; in these conditions, faecal incontinence has a profound impact on quality of life. Recognition of the different pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the incontinence is essential for a successful treatment plan. A thorough physical examination and history is all that is needed in the diagnosis of the causes of faecal incontinence related to disorders of gut–brain interaction. Colonic transit studies or x‐rays may help to differentiate retentive from NRFI. Manometry tests are helpful in determining the mechanisms underlying the incontinence in children operated on for ARMs or Hirschsprung diseases. Multiple behavioural, medical and surgical interventions are available to lessen the severity of faecal incontinence and its impact on the daily life of affected individuals.ConclusionsRecent advances offer hope for children with faecal incontinence.
Management of the child with refractory constipation
Authors: van der Zande Julia M. J. , Lu Peter L. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundCaring for children with constipation refractory to conventional treatment can be challenging and management practices vary widely.AimsTo review recent advances in the evaluation and treatment of children with refractory constipation and to propose an algorithm that incorporates the latest evidence and our institutional experience.MethodsWe performed a literature review on diagnostic tests and treatment options for children with refractory constipation.ResultsEvaluation of a child with refractory constipation seeks to better understand factors contributing to an individual child's presentation. Anorectal manometry evaluating for a rectal evacuation disorder and colonic manometry evaluating for colonic dysmotility can guide subsequent treatment. For the child who has not responded to conventional treatment, a trial of newer medications like linaclotide can be helpful. Transanal irrigation offers a safe and effective alternative for families able to administer daily rectal treatment. Despite mixed evidence in children, pelvic floor biofeedback therapy can help some children with pelvic floor dyssynergia. For younger children unable to cooperate with pelvic floor therapy, or older children with refractory symptoms, internal anal sphincter botulinum toxin injection can be beneficial. Antegrade continence enema treatment can be effective for children with either normal colonic motility or segmental dysmotility. Sacral nerve stimulation is generally reserved for symptoms that persist despite antegrade continence enemas, particularly if faecal incontinence is prominent. In more severe cases, temporary or permanent colonic diversion and segmental colonic resection may be needed.ConclusionsRecent advances offer hope for children with refractory constipation.
Serum sPD‐1 and sPD‐L1 as predictive biomarkers for HBsAg clearance in HBeAg‐negative CHB patients undergoing IFN‐based therapy
Authors: Chen Xiyao , Zhang Boxiang , Song Xin , Qian Tinglin , Zheng Xingrong , Zhang Yeqiong , Xu Wenxiong , Gao Zhiliang , Peng Liang , Xie Chan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsFor chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, there is still a need to improve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance rates. This study aimed to assess the predictive effectiveness of soluble programmed cell death‐1 (sPD‐1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand‐1 (sPD‐L1) for HBsAg clearance in HBeAg‐negative CHB patients undergoing peginterferon (Peg‐IFN)‐based antiviral treatment.MethodsThis study encompassed 280 patients undergoing treatment with Peg‐IFNα. Serum levels of sPD‐1 and sPD‐L1 were measured using ELISA kits at baseline, as well as at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination of HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of HBsAg clearance.ResultsThe clearance group demonstrated significantly lower serum sPD‐L1 levels compared to the non‐clearance group. While both groups exhibited an increase in sPD‐1 levels, only the clearance group showed a rise in sPD‐L1 levels. Multivariate analysis identified sPD‐L1 increase at 24 weeks, and HBsAg decline at 24 weeks as predictors for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks. The combined use of these indicators showed a predictive performance for HBsAg clearance with an AUROC of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.861–0.953, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study revealed an inverse relationship between the trends of sPD‐1/sPD‐L1 and HBsAg clearance during combined IFN and NAs treatment. Moreover, the magnitude of HBsAg reduction and sPD‐L1 increase emerged as significant predictors for HBsAg clearance.
From the front door to the basement: Invertebrate communities' structure as a proxy for determining cave zonation in Neotropics
Authors: Reis‐Venâncio Paulo C. , Ferreira Rodrigo L. , Souza‐Silva Marconi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn caves, the absence of natural light in deeper regions starkly contrasts with the entrance areas, which still exhibit a light gradient extending into the cave interior. This interplay with the structural gradient of the environment potentially exerts distinct influences on invertebrate communities residing in different cave light zones. To investigate this, we formulated a hypothesis positing that communities within distinct cave light zones respond differently to habitat structure and microclimatic conditions. Our approach involved a spatial multi‐scale sampling of invertebrates and the application of statistical analyses to contrast the responses of communities inhabiting photic and aphotic zones. Photic zone richness is influenced by factors such as air moisture, resource availability, root presence, and shelter diversity. In contrast, the richness of communities in aphotic zones is shaped by resource availability, the presence of roots, branches, and distance from the cave entrance. As expected, the richness in the photic zone surpasses that of the deeper regions, highlighting the challenges faced by invertebrates attempting to establish themselves in the aphotic zone. The species composition of faunal communities varied predictably from the entrance to the aphotic zone, and the three most important factors driving this variation were geographic distance, humidity, and distance from the entrance. The composition between these cave zones differs significantly, primarily due to the high number of obligate cave species predominantly inhabiting the aphotic region. Indeed, communities associated with different cave zones exhibit distinct responses to resource, microclimatic, and structural variables.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential
Authors: Li Bolong , Zhao An‐ran , Tian Tian , Yang Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide‐distributed, high‐expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders.AimsTo systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases.MethodWe summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place‐occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues.ResultsThe MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the “transportation hubs” to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment.ConclusionsRecent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases.
Mogamulizumab‐associated rash – Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Hansen Inga , Abeck Finn , Menz Anne , Schneider Stefan W. , Booken Nina 
Published: June 2024

SummaryMogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CC chemokine receptor 4, is approved as a second‐line treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.One of the most common side effects is mogamulizumab‐associated rash (MAR), which can present in a variety of clinical and histological types. Clinically, it can be difficult to differentiate between MAR and progression of the underlying disease, so histological examination is crucial for clinicopathological correlation. Current data analyses suggest that MAR is more common in patients with Sézary syndrome and is associated with a significantly better response to treatment, making the distinction from disease progression particularly important. The management of MAR depends on its severity, and therapy may need to be paused.This article presents three cases from our clinic and reviews the current literature on MAR. It emphasizes the importance of understanding MAR in the management of patients with cutaneous lymphomas.
Measuring community disaster resilience for sustainable climate change adaptation: Lessons from time‐series findings in rural Cambodia
Authors: Yang Yunjeong , Keating Adriana , Sourn Chantra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDonor‐funded climate and disaster resilience programmes and projects aim to help build the capacities and resilience of communities. Measuring resilience is critical, therefore, in providing feedback, evidence, and accountability. This paper presents recent two‐year time‐series findings from an ongoing multi‐partner academic and practical collaboration pertaining to a climate change adaption project with rural communities in Cambodia. To measure community resilience, the study used the Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities, which measures, using mixed methods, disaster resilience capacities across five key dimensions of resilience: human, social, physical, natural, and financial capitals. The study analysed and reported changes in these areas of resilience in the selected villages, generating insights into the strengths and weaknesses of flood resilience capacities in the region. This paper provides valuable guidance as to where investment can be most effective in different communities, confirming the usefulness of the tool in measuring resilience and assessing the effectiveness of the project concerned.
Care needs for urinary incontinence in older adults: Latent profile analysis
Authors: He Hao Chong , Yu Bi Jun , Mai Shu Yuan , Huang Xiao‐hong , Liu Ye , Yang Le Ou , Zhang Qiao Ling , Yan Xiao‐ying 
Published: June 2024

AimThis study utilized latent profile analysis to investigate care needs subgroups among older adults with urinary incontinence.MethodsThe “Elderly Urinary Incontinence Care Needs Inventory” surveyed 510 participants in two Guangzhou City hospitals from July 2022 to June 2023. Latent profile analysis created a classification model, and variance and correlation analysis assessed influencing factors.ResultsA total of 510 older adults with urinary incontinence participated. The standardized total care needs score was 78.77 ± 5.03, with variations across dimensions: social participation needs scored (71.16 ± 10.32), daily life care needs (78.80 ± 5.51), medical care needs (77.33 ± 12.17), psychological comfort needs (76.97 ± 6.51) and health education needs scored highest (82.67 ± 6.77). Three distinct profiles emerged: “medium,” “high SPN‐PCN” and “high DLCN‐MCN‐HEN”. The majority belonged to the “high SPN‐PCN” profile. Significant correlations were found with age, education, leaks and frequency of micturitions.ConclusionResearch findings showed the existence of three distinct categories, with a notable majority of participants belonging to the “high SPN‐PCN” group. The significance of having these classes identified lies in the move away from a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to a more nuanced understanding of care needs. Customized nursing interventions can be devised based on specific factors, such as age, education level, urinary incontinence‐related symptoms and potential category. For instance, for the “high SPN‐PCN” group, our nursing strategy can encompass heightened psychological support and expanded opportunities for social engagement.Furthermore, in the training and education of healthcare professionals, recognizing and meeting the needs of each potential category of older adults might require more attention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 758–765.
Integration of transcriptomics and spatial biology analyses reveals Galactomyces ferment filtrate promotes epidermal interconnectivity via induction of keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation and cellular bioenergetics
Authors: Snowball John M. , Jarrold Bradley B. , DeAngelis Yvonne , Li Chuiying , Rovito Holly A. , Hare Michelle C. , Laughlin Timothy , Evdokiou Anna L. , Oblong John E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveHuman skin is the first line of defence from environmental factors such as solar radiation and is susceptible to premature ageing, including a disruption in epidermal differentiation and homeostasis. We evaluated the impact of a Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF) on epidermal differentiation and response to oxidative stress.MethodsWe used transcriptomics, both spatial and traditional, to assess the impact of GFF on epidermal biology and homeostasis in keratinocytes (primary or immortalized) and in ex vivo skin explant tissue. The effect of GFF on cell adhesion rates, cellular ATP levels and proliferation rates were quantitated. Oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic rates were measured under normal and stress‐induced conditions.ResultsTranscriptomics from keratinocytes and ex vivo skin explants from multiple donors show GFF induces keratinocyte differentiation, skin barrier development and cell adhesion while simultaneously repressing cellular stress and inflammatory related processes. Spatial transcriptomics profiling of ex vivo skin indicated basal keratinocytes at the epidermal‐dermal junction and cornifying keratinocytes in the top layer of the epidermis as the primary cell types influenced by GFF treatment. Additionally, GFF significantly increases crosstalk between suprabasal and basal keratinocytes. To support these findings, we show that GFF can significantly increase cell adhesion and proliferation in keratinocytes. GFF also protected overall cellular bioenergetics under metabolic or oxidative stress conditions.ConclusionOur findings provide novel insights into cellular differences and epidermal spatial localization in response to GFF, supporting previous findings that this filtrate has a significant impact on epidermal biology and homeostasis, particularly on spatially defined crosstalk. We propose that GFF can help maintain epidermal health by enhancing keratinocyte crosstalk and differentiation/proliferation balance as well as promoting an enhanced response to stress.
Identification of different functions of CD8+ T cell subpopulations by a novel monoclonal antibody
Authors: Chuensirikulchai Kantinan , Pata Supansa , Laopajon Witida , Takheaw Nuchjira , Kotemul Kamonporn , Jindaphun Kanyaruck , Khummuang Saichit , Kasinrerk Watchara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe explicit identification of CD8+ T cell subpopulation is important for deciphering the role of CD8+ T cells for protecting our body against invading pathogens and cancer. Our generated monoclonal antibody (mAb), named FE‐1H10, recognized two novel subpopulations of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells, FE‐1H10+ and FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. The molecule recognized by mAb FE‐1H10 (FE‐1H10 molecules) had a higher distribution on effector memory CD8+ T cell subsets. The functions of FE‐1H10− and FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells were investigated. T cell proliferation assays revealed that FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate than FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells, whereas FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells produced higher levels of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α than FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. In T cell cytotoxicity assays, FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells were able to kill target cells better than FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis confirmed that these subpopulations were distinct: FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells have higher expression of genes involved in effector functions (IFNG, TNF, GZMB, PRF1, GNLY, FASL, CX3CR1) while FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells have greater expression of genes related to memory CD8+ T cell populations (CCR7, SELL, TCF7, CD40LG). The results suggested that mAb FE‐1H10 identifies two novel distinctive CD8+ T cell subpopulations. The FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells carried a superior functionality in response to tumour cells. The uncover of these novel CD8+ T cell subpopulations may be the basis knowledge of an optional immunotherapy for the selection of potential CD8+ T cells in cancer treatment.
Effects of product online reviews on product returns: a review and classification of the literature
Authors: Wang Yun , Yu Bo , Chen Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProduct returns pose a significant challenge for online retailers, primarily due to consumer uncertainty, both before and after the purchase. These uncertainties may stem from factors such as the absence of a “touch and feel” experience, mismatched product expectations, or post‐purchase regret, where consumers change their minds. Online reviews, shared by previous consumers who have already experienced the products, can have a substantial impact not only on new consumers’ purchasing but also on return decisions. Surprisingly, there has been limited research to understand the influence of online reviews on product returns. This paper applies the input‐process‐output framework to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of studies related to online reviews and product returns. Based on this review and analysis, a conceptual model is proposed, and an outline for the future research agenda is discussed.
Resistance to gemcitabine is mediated by the circ_0036627/miR‐145/S100A16 axis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yu Shuo , Wang Min , Zhang Hang , Guo Xingjun , Qin Renyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of gemcitabine (GEM) resistance severely limits the treatment efficacy in pancreatic cancer (PC) and increasing evidence highlights the vital roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of PC. However, the circRNAs underlying GEM resistance development of PC remains to be clarified. The current research aims to unveil the roles of circ_0036627 in dictating the aggressiveness and GEM sensitivity in PC. We reported the increased expression of circ_0036627 in PC tissues and PC cell lines. Elevated circ_0036627 expression level was correlated with advanced tumour grade and poor overall survival in PC patients. Functional assays and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circ_0036627 overexpression was required for the proliferation, migration invasion and GEM resistance in PC cells. circ_0036627 knockdown suppressed tumour development in vivo. The molecular analysis further showed that circ_0036627 increased S100A16 expression by sponging microRNA‐145 (miR‐145), a tumour‐suppressive miRNA that could significantly attenuate PC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and GEM resistance. Furthermore, our findings suggested that S100A16 acted as an oncogenic factor to promote aggressiveness and GEM resistance in PC cells. In conclusion, the current findings provide new mechanistic insights into PC aggressiveness and GEM resistance, suggesting the critical role of circ_0036627/miR‐145/S100A16 axis in PC progression and drug resistance development and offering novel therapeutic targets for PC therapy.
“Application of five different strategies to define a cohort of patients with knee osteoarthritis in a large primary care database”
Authors: Taqi Aqila , Gran Sonia , Knaggs Roger David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectronic health records (EHR) are frequently used for epidemiological research including drug utilisation studies in a defined population such as the population with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We sought to describe the process of defining a cohort of patients with KOA from a large UK primary care database and estimate the annual incidence of diagnosed KOA between 2000 and 2015.MethodThis was a retrospective study using data from the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). CPRD is a large primary care longitudinal electronic medical records’ database that contains anonymous records of patients from general practices across United Kingdom. Five different cohort definition strategies were applied including symptoms‐based or diagnosis‐based strategies or a combination of both. To validate results, the annual incidence of KOA was estimated and compared to published data.ResultsThe study defined 898,690 patients when symptoms‐based strategy was applied, 137,541 patients when diagnosis based and 83,294 when a combination of both strategies were applied. The final cohort was defined using a diagnosis‐based strategy that avoided overestimation (with symptoms‐based definition) or underestimation (with a combination of symptoms and diagnosis). The incidence of KOA ranged from 1.33 per 1000 CPRD registrants in 2000, 1.76 in 2008 and 1.45 patients in 2015.ConclusionThis study logically/sensibly defined a cohort of patients with diagnosed KOA through the application of several strategies. This was an essential step to avoid subsequent over or underestimation of the prevalence of drug utilisation and the associated adverse clinical outcomes within primary care patients with KAO.