bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercostobrachial nerve handling and pain after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer
Authors: ANDERSEN K. G. , AASVANG E. K. , KROMAN N. , KEHLET H. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundModerate to severe pain in the first week after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer is experienced by approximately 50% of the patients. Damage to the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery but with limited information on acute post‐operative pain. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of ICBN handling on pain during the first week after ALND.MethodsThe study was part of a larger prospective cohort study on persistent pain after breast cancer treatment. Pain and sensory disturbances were assessed pre‐operatively, within the first 72 h post‐operatively and a week after surgery. Intraoperative handling of the nerve was recorded by the surgeon as preserved, partially preserved or sectioned.ResultsOne hundred forty‐one patients were treated with ALND level I + II, and the ICBN could be identified in 125 (89%) patients. Of the 17 not identified, eight were stated as without any sign of the nerve and were included in analysis as sectioned. Thus, the analysis included 133 patients in which 45 (34%) of these the ICBN was preserved, 39 (29%) partially preserved and 49 (37%) sectioned. At 1 week after surgery, 104 patients (78%) reported pain, whereas 35 (26%) reported moderate to severe pain. There was no difference between the ICBN groups in pain scores or sensory disturbances measured pre‐operatively compared to 1 week post‐operatively.ConclusionThe type of ICBN handling during ALND may not influence acute post‐operative pain in the first week after surgery.
Morphology of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) Evidenced by Gross Osteology, Radiography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Makungu M. , du Plessis W. M. , Groenewald H. B. , Barrows M. , Koeppel K. N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a quadrupedal arboreal animal primarily distributed in the Himalayas and southern China. It is a species commonly kept in zoological collections. This study was carried out to describe the morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda evidenced by gross osteology, radiography and computed tomography as a reference for clinical use and identification of skeletons. Radiography of the pelvis and right hind limb was performed in nine and seven animals, respectively. Radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens from three adult animals. Computed tomography of the torso and hind limb was performed in one animal. The pelvic bone had a wide ventromedial surface of the ilium. The trochlea of the femur was wide and shallow. The patella was similar to that seen in feline species. The medial fabella was not seen radiographically in any animal. The cochlea grooves of the tibia were shallow with a poorly defined intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was shallow and presented with an almost flattened medial ridge. The tarsal sesamoid bone was always present. The lateral process of the base of the fifth metatarsal (MT) bone was directed laterally. The MT bones were widely spaced. The morphology of the pelvis and hind limb of the red panda indicated flexibility of the pelvis and hind limb joints as an adaptation to an arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle.
The Ligaments of the Canine Hip Joint Revisited
Authors: Casteleyn C. , den Ouden I. , Coopman F. , Verhoeven G. , Van Cruchten S. , Van Ginneken C. , Van Ryssen B. , Simoens P. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryNumerous conventional anatomical textbooks describe the canine hip joint, but many contradictions, in particular regarding the ligament of the femoral head, are present. This paper presents a brief overview of the different literature descriptions. These are compared with own observations that have resulted in a revised description of the anatomy of the ligament of the femoral head in the dog. To this purpose, the hip joints of 41 dogs, euthanized for reasons not related to this study and devoid of lesions related to hip joint pathology, were examined. It was observed that the ligament of the femoral head is not a single structure that attaches only to the acetabular fossa, as generally accepted, but it also connects to the transverse acetabular ligament and is complemented by a strong accessory ligament that courses in caudal direction to attach in the elongation of the acetabular notch that extends on the cranioventral surface of the body of the ischium. The description of this accessory ligament in conventional anatomical handbooks is incomplete. This description of the accessory ligament of the femoral head could support the research unravelling the etiopathogenesis of hip instability.
Closed‐population capture–recapture modeling of samples drawn one at a time
Authors: Barker Richard J. , Schofield Matthew R. , Wright Janine A. , Frantz Alain C. , Stevens Chris 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMotivated by field sampling of DNA fragments, we describe a general model for capture–recapture modeling of samples drawn one at a time in continuous‐time. Our model is based on Poisson sampling where the sampling time may be unobserved. We show that previously described models correspond to partial likelihoods from our Poisson model and their use may be justified through arguments concerningS‐ and Bayes‐ancillarity of discarded information. We demonstrate a further link to continuous‐time capture–recapture models and explain observations that have been made about this class of models in terms of partial ancillarity. We illustrate application of our models using data from the European badger (Meles meles) in which genotyping of DNA fragments was subject to error.
New perspectives on the thrombotic complications of haemolysis
Authors: L'Acqua Camilla , Hod Eldad 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMany clinical settings are associated with haemolysis, from rare conditions, such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, to common interventions, such as mechanical circulatory support and blood transfusion. The toxic effects of circulating free haemoglobin, haem, and iron are becoming increasingly understood and include an increased risk of thrombotic complications. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence for an association between haemolysis and thrombosis and explores potential underlying mechanisms. New insights into the role haem plays in inflammatory signalling and in generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may provide useful strategies for managing pathological states associated with severe haemolysis. A better understanding of the toxic effects of haemolysis will result in better therapies to prevent the side effect of thrombosis.
Transurethral intraprostatic injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: results of a prospective pilot double‐blind and randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Falahatkar Siavash , Shahab Elaheh , Gholamjani Moghaddam Keivan , Kazemnezhad Ehsan 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of botulinum neurotoxin type‐A (BoNT‐A) on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) refractory to medical therapy.Materials and MethodsBetween November 2011 and January 2013, 60 men aged ≥18 years with CP/CPPS, and with National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI) scores ≥10 and pain subscale scores ≥8, who were refractory to 4–6 weeks' medical therapy, underwent transurethral intraprostatic injection of BoNT‐A or normal saline in a prospective pilot double‐blind randomized study. The patients' NIH‐CPSI total and subscale scores, American Urological Association (AUA)‐symptom score (SS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life (QoL) scores and frequencies of diurnal and nocturnal urination were evaluated and compared at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after injection and also were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 60 consecutive patients were randomized to a BoNT‐A (treatment) or normal saline (placebo) group. In the treatment group at the 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐month evaluation the NIH‐CPSI total and subscale scores, and the AUA‐SS, VAS and QoL scores, along with frequencies of diurnal and nocturnal urinations, had significantly improved compared with baseline values (P < 0.05). By contrast, in the placebo group, none of these values showed improvement and the values were significantly different from those in the treatment group. Although the differences between the two groups in AUA‐SS and frequencies of nocturnal urination were not significant at 1‐month follow‐up, repeated‐measure analysis showed significant improvement in each of these values over the entire follow‐up period in the treatment group. The most prominent improvement was related to the pain subscale score, which decreased by 64.76, 75.63 and 79.97% at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment compared with baseline, followed by the VAS score, which decreased by 62.3, 72.4 and 82.1% at each follow‐up, respectively. Only two patients developed mild transient gross haematuria, which was managed conservatively.ConclusionsTransurethral intraprostatic BoNT‐A injection maybe an effective therapeutic option in patients with CP/CPPS as it reduces pain and improves QoL.
Radical cystectomy with super‐extended lymphadenectomy: impact of separate vs en bloc lymph node submission on analysis and outcomes
Authors: Zehnder Pascal , Moltzahn Felix , Mitra Anirban P. , Cai Jie , Miranda Gus , Skinner Eila C. , Gill Inderbir S. , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo update our previous analysis of the clinical and pathological impact of the change in the submission of lymphadenectomy specimens from en bloc to 13 separate anatomically defined packets, which took place at the University of Southern California in May 2002, and to determine whether lymph node (LN) packeting resulted in any change in oncological outcomes.Patients and MethodsA total of 846 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with super‐extended LN dissection for cTxN0M0 bladder cancer between January 1996 and December 2007 were identified. Specimens of 376 patients were sent en bloc (group 1), and specimens of 470 patients were sent in 13 separate anatomical packets (group 2).ResultsThe pathological tumour stage distribution and the proportion of LN‐positive patients (group 1: 82 patients [22%] versus group 2: 99 patients [21%]; P = 0.80) were similar between the two groups: the median [range] number of total LNs identified increased significantly (group 1: 32 [10–97] versus group 2: 65 [10–179]; P < 0.001). LN density decreased (group 1, 11% versus group 2, 4%; P = 0.005). The median [range] number of positive LNs removed was similar (group 1: 0 [0–30] versus group 2: 0 [0–97]; P = 0.87). No nodal stage shift was observed. The 5‐year overall survival (group 1: 58% versus group 2: 59%; P = 0.65) and recurrence‐free survival rates (group 1: 68% versus group 2: 70%; P = 0.57) were similar.ConclusionsThe incidence of patients with positive LNs remained unchanged, regardless of how the LN specimen was submitted. Submitting 13 separate nodal packets significantly increased the total LN yield, but did not result in a significant increase in the number of positive LNs or a consecutive nodal stage shift and did not affect oncological outcomes. Based on these results LN density is not an accurate prognosticator.
Vitamin D and the development of allergic disease: how important is it?
Authors: Mirzakhani H. , Al‐Garawi A. , Weiss S. T. , Litonjua A. A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryVitamin D has known effects on lung development and the immune system that may be important in the development, severity, and course of allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, and food allergy). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and may partly explain the increases in asthma and allergic diseases that have occurred over the last 50–60 years. In this review, we explore past and current knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on lung development and immunomodulation and present the evidence of its role in allergic conditions. While there is growing observational and experimental evidence for the role of vitamin D, well‐designed and well‐powered clinical trials are needed to determine whether supplementation of vitamin D should be recommended in these disorders.
Children's journeys through organizations: how inspectors evaluate coordination of care
Authors: Rutz Suzanne I. , de Bont Antoinette A. , Robben Paul B. M. , Buitendijk Simone E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInspectorates have been criticized for assessing compliance with the rules rather than outcomes for children. In the Netherlands, inspectorates have developed a ‘journey tool’ to reconstruct children's travels through all the organizations providing care. Using document analysis and semi‐structured interviews, we evaluated how inspectors use this tool in practice. We applied an ontological theoretical framework to the coordination of care to analyse 24 journeys through care organizations, including a selection of six journeys in further detail. Our analysis shows that up until now, inspectors used only one form of coordination, the creation of a hierarchy, resulting in one problem definition. However, in complex care practices, children have multiple and often incompatible problems so that one coherent problem definition cannot be made. We show that ‘patchwork’, a form of coordination that allows discrepancies enables inspectors to reflect on complex care practices and evaluate options to improve outcomes for children.
Peer paradox: the tensions that peer relationships raise for vulnerable youth
Authors: Sanders Jackie , Munford Robyn , Liebenberg Linda , Ungar Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe contribution peer relationships make to positive adolescent development is well recognized. Accordingly, peer problem measures typically assess youth with few age‐appropriate peers as having peer problems. Yet, youth facing high levels of personal and/or social adversity may reduce their association with antisocial peers as part of coping or risk mitigation strategies. While such strategies will result in higher scores on peer problem measures, they may also facilitate resilience and constitute a resource social workers can draw on in their work with youth. To test this proposition of peer adaptation as a risk mitigation strategy, mixed‐methods data relating to two groups of youth who were exposed to different levels of adversity were compared on a standardized peer problem measure and a range of risk measures. Qualitative interviews extended this data and explored vulnerable youth perceptions of social withdrawal as a coping strategy. Results from the survey and qualitative data indicated that a subgroup of youth facing high levels of adversity restricted association with antisocial peers to reduce their behavioural risks. However, without adequate support from adults in both formal support systems and youths' social ecologies to compensate for the loss of peer friendships, this strategy did not reduce behavioural risk in the medium term. The social withdrawal strategy also appeared to heighten mental health concerns for these youth. The implications of this finding for the development of policy and practice with vulnerable youth are discussed.
Association between genetic polymorphisms in XPD and XRCC1 genes and risks of non‐small cell lung cancer in East Chinese Han population
Authors: Du Yong , He Yanchao , Mei Zhoufang , Qian Ling , Shi Jindong , Jie Zhijun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsLung cancer is a multifactorial disease. Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) and X‐ray repair cross‐complementing 1 (XRCC1) genes are 2 important susceptibility genes related to lung cancer. In this study, we explored the correlation between genetic polymorphisms in XPD and XRCC1 and the risk of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the East Chinese Han population. We also investigated risk factors associated with non‐small cell lung cancer in this population.MethodsWe conducted a case control study in 120 NSCLC patients and 120 healthy controls. The NSCLC patients were further divided into three subgroups, squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and other type of cancer, according to tumor histology. No patients had undergone any treatment. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technologies were applied to detect the distribution of XPD‐751, XRCC1‐194 and XRCC1‐399 genes in all patients.ResultsThe results showed significant gene frequency differences for all three genes between patients with NSCLC and control patients. Significantly different frequencies of XPD‐751‐Gln, XRCC‐194‐Trp and XRCC1‐399‐Gln mutant alleles were observed between the two groups. XPD‐751SNP and XRCC1‐194SNP frequencies varied among the three lung cancer groups, while the frequency of XRCC1‐399SNP did not differ significantly.ConclusionsThe results suggested that genetic polymorphisms in XPD‐751, XRCC1‐194 and XRCC1‐399 were related to the risk of NSCLC, among which XPD‐751SNP was responsible for adenocarcinoma, while XRCC1‐194SNP was closely linked to squamous carcinoma. Smoking and XRCC1‐194SNP were risk factors of NSCLC.
Cytokine response to the 6‐min walk test in individuals with different degrees of COPD
Authors: Dorneles Gilson Pires , Vianna Priscila , Del Duca Lima Diego , Galant Lucas , Dias Alexandre Simões , Chies José Artur Bogo , Monteiro Mariane Borba , Peres Alessandra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimPhysical exercise is a key part of rehabilitation programs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, although it could modulates immune system responses by altering the cytokine profile of such individuals. Furthermore, the degree of severity of COPD could influence the inflammatory response induced by exercise. To evaluate the cytokine profile of individuals with different degrees of COPD in response to a 6‐min walk test (6MWT).MethodsForty‐one patients with COPD were classified according to the severity of the disease by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease method: moderate = 14 individuals; severe = 14 individuals; very severe = 13 individuals. Blood sample collection was performed in the subjects pre and post a 6MWT. Cytokine plasma levels were analyzed to determine the cytokine profile using a Cytometric Bead Array technique (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) assay in flow cytometry.ResultsA significant difference was observed in the interleukin (IL)‐6 levels after test between very severe and severe groups (P = 0.036). Also, lower levels of IL‐4 were observed in the severe group compared with the very severe and the moderate groups in the pretest (P = 0.029; P = 0.003, respectively), and different values between the moderate and severe groups in the post‐test (P = 0.044). A significant time pre‐post effect was found in the IL‐4 levels on the very severe group (P = 0.046).ConclusionAfter the 6MWT, a discrete inflammatory response was observed in COPD patients, independent of the degree of severity. The results concerning IL‐4 and IL‐6 levels can be indicative of an attempt to control inflammation after the 6MWT in COPD patients.
A meta‐analysis: is low‐dose computed tomography a superior method for risky lung cancers screening population?
Authors: Fu Cuiping , Liu Zilong , Zhu Fen , Li Shanqun , Jiang Liyan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsLow‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been proposed to be a new screening method to discover lung cancers in an early stage, especially those patients who are in a high risk of lung cancer. The primary objective of this meta‐analysis is to systematically review the effect of LDCT on screening for lung cancers among the risky population who are older than 49 years old and with smoking exposure.MethodsWe searched randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) about comparing LDCT and chest X‐ray or usual caring from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases (January 1994 to September 2013).ResultsNine RCTs met criteria for inclusion. Screening for lung cancer using LDCT resulted in a significantly higher number of stage I lung cancers [odds ratio (OR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–2.47], higher number of total lung cancers (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.20–1.43) than the control. Four of the nine studies indicated that the screening method did not decrease all‐cause mortality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–1.02), but decreased lung cancer‐specific mortality (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.96). Five studies showed that LDCT had higher false‐positive rates (OR 8.7, 95% CI 7.43–10.19) than the group of control.ConclusionAmong the risky population, LDCT screening find out more stage I lung cancers and total lung cancers compared with chest X‐ray or no screening, and also shows advantages in decreasing lung cancer‐specific mortality, but the screening method does not decrease all‐cause mortality and have a higher false‐positive rates in diagnosis.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor regulates the balance of Th17/Treg in allergic asthma
Authors: Hou Xiaoxia , Wan Huanying , Ai Xiangyan , Shi Yuheng , Ni Yingmeng , Tang Wei , Shi Guochao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the expression pattern of histone deacetylase 9 in peripheral blood of patients with allergic asthma and its regulatory effect on the balance of Th17/Treg cells involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.Methodsflap‐Ub promoter‐GFP‐WRE vector was used to construct the Jurkat‐HA‐FOXP3 cell line. After histone deacetylase inhibitor‐trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, FOXP3 and RORγt expression were detected by real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control group, TSA treatment and the asthma group. Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was detected with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), airway inflammation in lung tissue evaluated by haematoxylin/eosin staining, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell number and differential counted, interleukin (IL)‐17A and TGF‐β concentrations in BALF measured with ELISA, and expression of RORγt and FOXP3 messenger RNA (mRNA)measured by RT‐PCR. Forty‐seven patients with asthma were recruited and assigned to intermittent, mild and moderate–severe group. GATA3, IL‐4, histone deacetylases (HDAC) 9 mRNA expression level were measured by RT‐PCR.ResultsAfter TSA treatment, FOXP3 mRNA level was upregulated, while RORγt mRNA level was downregulated. FOXP3 protein level was also upregulated by TSA. In vivo, TSA treatment can inhibit IL‐17 but promote transforming growth factor‐beta production in the BALF of asthma mice, and inhibited the expression of Th17 cells and RORγt mRNA in lung; also can promote Foxp3 mRNA expression. GATA3, IL‐4 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in patients with asthma than the healthy control. HDAC9 mRNA expression level was associated with the severity of disease.ConclusionThe histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA can regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in asthma by regulating the activity of histone deacetylase.