bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modeling of plasticity in a copper single crystal deformed at high strain rates
Authors: Chandra Sagar , Samal M. K. , Chavan V. M. , Patel R. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA hierarchical multiscale modeling approach is presented to predict the mechanical response of dynamically deformed (1100 s−1−4500 s−1) copper single crystal in two different crystallographic orientations.Anattempt has been made to bridge the gap between nano-, micro- and meso- scales. In view of this, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations at nanoscale are performed to quantify the drag coefficient for dislocations which has been exploited in Dislocation Dynamics (DD) regime at the microscale. Discrete dislocation dynamics simulations are then performed to calculate the hardening parameters required by the physics based Crystal Plasticity (CP) model at the mesoscale. The crystal plasticity model employed is based on thermally activated theory for plastic flow. Crystal plasticity simulations are performed to quantify the mechanical response of the copper single crystal in terms of stressstrain curves and shape changes under dynamic loading. The deformation response obtained from CP simulations is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Preparation of alginate membrane for tissue engineering
Authors: Gong Ying , Han Guang Ting , Zhang Yuan Ming , Zhang Jin Feng , Jiang Wei , Tao Xiao Wei , Gao Sheng Chuan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Sodium alginate was provided with good processibility according to physical and chemical characterization of itself. Alginate scaffold has been used for preparation of soft or hard tissue engineering, but the structure of the scaffold needs to be improved for better performance for skin tissue engineering. In this study, highly porous alginate membrane was formed with ionic crosslinking. High molecular weight (Mw=3.0×105) alginate showed the best film-forming property. Therefore, the appropriate molecular weight should be selected for improving its performance. With freeze-drying technology and pre-freezing at -10°C, we have built the honeycomb materials (porosity=92.06%). Changing the pre-freezing temperature can regulate pore structure to some extent. With the increased dosage of sodium alginate, the porosity and the pore size of the materials were reduced, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break increased. Water absorption performance of the materials was good. The above studies lay a foundation for construction of skin tissue engineering scaffold.
Qualitätsaspekte von Gesundheits-Apps: Wie lässt sich Qualität erkennen?
Authors: Scherenberg Viviane 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Anzahl an Gesundheits-Apps steigt stetig. Wissenschaftliche Langzeitstudien, welche Anforderungen Gesundheits-Apps erfüllten sollten, um einen wirkungsvollen Public Health-Beitrag zu leisten, fehlen. Zwar existieren qualitätsbezogene Transparenzkriterien, indes sollte der tatsächliche Einfluss auf das Gesundheitsverhalten und den Gesundheitsstatus insbesondere auf gesundheitlich vulnerable Bevölkerungsgruppen auch hier stärker in Gestalt eines (Qualitäts-)Wettbewerbs in den Vordergrund rücken.
Herausforderungen digitaler Prävention
Authors: Hintz Elisabeth , Blättner Beate 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungSollen Jugendliche in der Prävention erreicht werden, gewinnt das Social Web als Setting an Bedeutung. Allerdings reicht es nicht, präventive Botschaften in digitalen Medien zu posten oder Online-Angebote zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Intervention muss den Regeln sozialer Netzwerke folgen. Botschaften, die nicht gelikt, geteilt oder kommentiert werden, werden im Netz nicht sichtbar. Botschaften, die den Kommunikationsregeln entsprechen, stehen in Konkurrenz zu den Inhalten der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer.
MeineReha®– Gesamtsystem für die telemedizinisch assistierte Rehabilition und Prävention
Authors: John Michael , Klose Stefan , Kock Gerhard , Bernert Sebastian 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungIn dem Projekt MyRehab entwickelte das Fraunhofer-Institut für offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS) eine telemedizinisch assistierte Trainings- und Therapieumgebung für die Lebensbereiche übergreifende Rehabilitation und Prävention, die aus einer häuslichen, einer klinischen und einer mobilen Komponente besteht. Die Trainings- und Therapieumgebung soll den Menschen wieder an Bewegung heranführen und Patienten bei der korrekten Ausführung von Therapieübungen nach einem stationären Aufenthalt in der Klinik assistieren. Nach der dreijährigen Entwicklungsphase wurden die entwickelten Module für den Patienten von der Charité in einer 6-monatigen Studie auf ihre Akzeptanz und Usability im Reha-Zentrum Lübben evaluiert.
Arztbewertungsportale: Was können sie leisten?
Authors: Schwarz Sabine , Schaefer Corinna 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Auf Arztbewertungsportalen können Patienten ihre Ärzte anonym bewerten. Die Beurteilungen können von anderen interessierten Personen eingesehen werden und sollen sie bei der Suche nach einem „guten“ Arzt unterstützen. Da die Webseiten einige Schwachstellen aufweisen, ist umstritten, ob sie bei der Arztwahl hilfreich sind. Damit das gelingt, sollten sich seriöse Anbieter an Standards halten und darlegen, was die Portale tatsächlich leisten können: Sie können z.B. Patientenzufriedenheit und -erfahrungen abbilden, zur Beurteilung der fachlichen Kompetenz und der Qualität einer medizinischen Behandlung scheinen sie derzeit jedoch nicht geeignet.
Harnessing Genetic Variation in Leaf Angle to Increase Productivity of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Truong Sandra K , McCormick Ryan F , Rooney William L , Mullet John E 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The efficiency with which a plant intercepts solar radiation is determined primarily by its architecture. Understanding the genetic regulation of plant architecture and how changes in architecture affect performance can be used to improve plant productivity. Leaf inclination angle, the angle at which a leaf emerges with respect to the stem, is a feature of plant architecture that influences how a plant canopy intercepts solar radiation. Here we identify extensive genetic variation for leaf inclination angle in the crop plant Sorghum bicolor, a C4 grass species used for the production of grain, forage, and bioenergy. Multiple genetic loci that regulate leaf inclination angle were identified in recombinant inbred line populations of grain and bioenergy sorghum. Alleles of sorghum dwarf-3, a gene encoding a P-glycoprotein involved in polar auxin transport, are shown to change leaf inclination angle by up to 34° (0.59 rad). The impact of heritable variation in leaf inclination angle on light interception in sorghum canopies was assessed using functional-structural plant models and field experiments. Smaller leaf inclination angles caused solar radiation to penetrate deeper into the canopy, and the resulting redistribution of light is predicted to increase the biomass yield potential of bioenergy sorghum by at least 3%. These results show that sorghum leaf angle is a heritable trait regulated by multiple loci and that genetic variation in leaf angle can be used to modify plant architecture to improve sorghum crop performance.
Comparison of Pediatric Early Warning Score to Physician Opinion for Deteriorating Patients
Authors: Fenix JB , Gillespie Catherine W. , Levin Amanda , Dean Nathan 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND:
This study compares a Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) to physician opinion in identifying patients at risk for deterioration.

METHODS:
Maximum PEWS recorded during each admission was retrospectively ascertained from electronic medical record data. Physician opinion regarding risk of subsequent deterioration was determined by assignment to an institutional “senior sign-out” (SSO) list that highlights patients whom senior pediatric residents have identified as at risk. Deterioration events were defined as intubation, initiation of high flow nasal cannula, inotropes, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, or aggressive fluid resuscitation within 12 hours of transfer to the PICU. We assessed the relationships of sociodemographic variables, PEWS, and SSO assignment with subsequent deterioration events using multivariate regression analysis to control for a number of covariates.

RESULTS:
There were 97 patients with nonelective transfers to the PICU who were eligible for placement on the SSO lists before transfer, 51 of whom experienced qualifying deterioration events. Maximum recorded PEWS was significantly higher for patients with a subsequent deterioration event during the first 12 hours after transfer, compared with those who were transferred but did not experience a deterioration event in the first 12 hours (mean [SD]: 3.9 [2.0] vs 2.9 [2.0]; P = .01). This association persisted even after multivariate adjustment. SSO assignment was only marginally associated with risk of deterioration among this patient population, with or without adjustment for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The PEWS was significantly associated with ICU deterioration, whereas physician opinion was not. Used alone or in conjunction with physician assessment, PEWS is a valuable tool for identifying patients vulnerable to acute deterioration.
Current State of Institutional Privileging Profiles for Pediatric Procedural Sedation Providers
Authors: Kamat Pradip P. , Hollman Gregory A. , Simon Harold K. , Fortenberry James D. , McCracken Courteny E. , Stockwell Jana A. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Providers from a variety of training backgrounds and specialties provide procedural sedation at institutions in the United States. We sought to better understand the privileging patterns and practices for sedation providers.METHODS:Surveys were sent to 56 program directors belonging to the Society for Pediatric Sedation using Research Electronic Data Capture to 56 pediatric sedation programs. The survey was designed to gather information regarding characteristics of their sedation service and the privileging of their sedation providers.RESULTS:The overall response rate was 41 (73%) of 56. Most programs surveyed (81%) said their physicians provided sedation as a part of their primary subspecialty job description, and 17% had physicians whose sole practice was pediatric sedation and no longer practiced in their primary subspecialty. Fifty-one percent of surveyed sedation programs were within freestanding children’s hospitals and 61% receive oversight by the anesthesiology department at their institution. Eighty-one percent of the sedation programs require physicians to undergo special credentialing to provide sedation. Of these, 79% grant privileging through their primary specialty, whereas 39% require separate credentialing through sedation as a stand-alone section. For initial credentialing, requirements included completion of a pediatric sedation orientation and training packet (51% of programs), sedation training during fellowship (59%), and documentation of a specific number of pediatric procedural sedation cases (49%).CONCLUSIONS:In this survey of pediatric sedation programs belonging to the Society for Pediatric Sedation, the process for privileging providers in procedural sedation varies significantly from institution to institution. An opportunity exists to propose privileging standards for providers of pediatric procedural sedation.
Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth
Authors: Weitzman Elissa R. , Ziemnik Rosemary E. , Huang Quian , Levy Sharon 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use. However, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with knowledge or treatment adherence among chronically ill youth, a medically vulnerable group.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional assessment of consented youth ages 9 to 18 years receiving care for asthma/cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using a self-administered online tool. Prevalence and correlates of risk behaviors and associations with knowledge and treatment adherence were estimated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, controlling for demographics, mental health, and the multiclinic sampling frame.

RESULTS:
Of 403 consented youth (75.8% response), 51.6% were girls, 75.1% were white, and average age was 15.6 years. Of high school youth, 36.5% and 12.7% reported past-year alcohol use and binge drinking, respectively; 20% reported past-year marijuana use. Among high school youth, 53.1% and 37.2% answered correctly that alcohol can interfere with their medications and laboratory tests; youth answering incorrectly were 8.53 and 4.46 times more likely to drink and binge drink, respectively (P values &lt; .001). Thirty-two percent and 8.3% of high school youth reported regularly forgetting or skipping their medications in the past 30 days; compared with past-year nondrinking youth, drinkers were 1.79 and 1.61 times as likely to report regularly missing or skipping medications (P values &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Alcohol and marijuana use are common among youth with chronic medical conditions. Alcohol use is associated with treatment nonadherence. Education and preventive interventions are warranted to ameliorate risk.
Developmental Trajectories of Subjective Social Status
Authors: Goodman Elizabeth , Maxwell Sarah , Malspeis Susan , Adler Nancy 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Subjective social status (SSS), a person’s sense of their (or for youth, their family’s) position in the socioeconomic hierarchy, is strongly related to health in adults but not health in adolescence. Understanding this developmental discrepancy requires first understanding the developmental trajectory of SSS. The objective of this study was to identify the number and shape of SSS trajectories as adolescents transition to adulthood and explore if trajectory membership affects health.

METHODS:
Using data from 7436 assessments from the Princeton School District Study, a decade-long cohort study of non-Hispanic black and white youth, latent class growth models with 3 to 7 SSS trajectories were developed. Model fit, trajectory structure, and shape were used to guide optimal model selection. Using this optimal model, the associations of trajectory membership with BMI and depressive symptoms in young adulthood were explored.

RESULTS:
The 5-class model was optimal. In this model, trajectories were persistent high (7.8%), mid–high (32.2%), middle (43.4%), low–lower (7.4%), and high–low (9.1%). Non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, lower household income, and low parent education were associated with membership in this high–low trajectory. High–low trajectory membership was associated with higher BMI and depressive symptoms in non-Hispanic white subjects but was not associated with depressive symptoms. It was associated with lower BMI only after adjustment for BMI in adolescence in non-Hispanic black subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
SSS is relatively stable in adolescence and the transition to adulthood, and it generally reflects objective markers of social advantage. However, socially disadvantaged youth with high SSS in early adolescence may be at increased health risk.
Antenatal Counseling Regarding Resuscitation and Intensive Care Before 25 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Cummings James ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Watterberg Kristi , Eichenwald Eric , Poindexter Brenda , Stewart Dan L. , Aucott Susan W. , Puopolo Karen M. , Goldsmith Jay P. 
Published: September 2015

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed November 2021.
The anticipated birth of an extremely low gestational age (&lt;25 weeks) infant presents many difficult questions, and variations in practice continue to exist. Decisions regarding care of periviable infants should ideally be well informed, ethically sound, consistent within medical teams, and consonant with the parents’ wishes. Each health care institution should consider having policies and procedures for antenatal counseling in these situations. Family counseling may be aided by the use of visual materials, which should take into consideration the intellectual, cultural, and other characteristics of the family members. Although general recommendations can guide practice, each situation is unique; thus, decision-making should be individualized. In most cases, the approach should be shared decision-making with the family, guided by considering both the likelihood of death or morbidity and the parents’ desires for their unborn child. If a decision is made not to resuscitate, providing comfort care, encouraging family bonding, and palliative care support are appropriate.
LEVANTAMENTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS DIAGNÓSTICOS HISTOPATOLÓGICOS DE UM CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA EM PATOLOGIA BUCOMAXILOFACIAL EM UM PERÍODO DE 10 ANOS
Authors: Dias Neto Bernadete , Medrado Alena P. , Reis Silvia Regina A. 
Published: September 2015

O levantamento epidemiológico da casuística das patologias que acometem o complexo bucomaxilofacial é de fundamental importância para a clínica odontológica. Todavia, poucos estudos relacionados a este tema têm sido publicados na literatura, a despeito de sua relevância para a viabilização de programas de saúde. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a frequência e os principais tipos de patologias que são comumente biopsiados e enviados ao Serviço de Patologia Bucomaxilofacial do Curso de Odontologia da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Através da realização de um estudo retrospectivo abrangendo os dados coletados durante os anos de 2001 a 2010, foram avaliadas 1095 fichas de biópsias. Considerando o diagnóstico histopatológico de cada caso, avaliou-se a freqüência das lesões patológicas, a distribuição geral das amostras quanto ao sexo e idade, a localização das lesões, e o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico. As patologias mais freqüentes foram a hiperplasia fibroepitelial (16,62%); inflamação crônica inespecífica (6,30%) e cisto radicular/residual (4,87%). A importância de se buscar o correto diagnóstico da patologia apresentada pelo paciente é tão importante quanto a escolha dos métodos e técnicas a serem utilizadas no seu tratamento, ou controle. É evidente que quanto melhor e mais preciso for o diagnóstico, mais eficiente será o tratamento desenvolvido.
ANOMALIAS DENTÁRIAS NAS FISSURAS LABIAIS E/OU PALATINAS NÃO-SINDRÔMICAS: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Oliveira Sá Jamile De , Cintra Maranhão Samário , Leite Canguçú Daiane , Souza Lima Coutinho Thaynara De , Peixoto Medrado Alena , Almeida Reis Sílvia Regina de 
Published: September 2015

Fissuras do lábio e/ou palato não sindrômicas (FL/PNS) representam as anomalias congênitas mais comuns da face. Entre as particularidades odontológicas mais frequentes nestes indivíduos, encontram-se as alterações dentárias, localizadas nas regiões das fissuras e também fora delas. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura sobre as anomalias dentárias associadas às FL/PNS. Efetuou-se uma busca de artigos em bases de dados computadorizadas, como Medline, Lilacs e PubMed. Segundo a análise crítica dos estudos pesquisados, observou-se que as anomalias dentárias foram mais comuns na dentição permanente. A maior prevalência foi de agenesia e dentes supranumerários. O incisivo lateral superior foi o elemento mais acometido pela agenesia, dentes supranumerários e microdontia. Os dentes mais próximos da fenda são os mais susceptíveis às malformações, entretanto a presença de anomalias dentárias fora da região fissurada aponta para eventos genéticos em comum envolvidos nesses processos.
REANATOMIZAÇÃO DENTAL COM RESINA COMPOSTA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rodriguez Stephanie Dias Rivera , Argolo Saryta , Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega 
Published: September 2015

Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico em que optou-se, como plano de tratamento, pelo clareamento dental seguido da confecção de semi-faceta em resina composta dos caninos superiores a fim de devolver a anatomia dental. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, com histórico de bruxismo infantil, onde foram perdidas as características anatômicas dos caninos superiores, mostrava-se insatisfeito com a aparência estética do seu sorriso. A resolução estética deste caso baseou-se no emprego do clareamento dental e da técnica direta, com a utilização de resina composta, para a obtenção de um sorriso harmônico, observando-se o protocolo correto baseado nas últimas evidências apresentadas na literatura, sendo que o resultado atendeu as expectativas estéticas do paciente. Conclusão: As restaurações diretas em resina composta são excelentes para a reanatomização de dentes anteriores, reabilitando e reproduzindo a forma, tamanho e cor dos dentes. Dente canino; Estética dentária; Materiais dentários.
MANUTENÇÃO DE VIA AÉREA SUPERIOR APÓS REDUÇÃO FECHADA DE FRATURA NASAL: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Dantas Renata Moura Xavier , De Paula Daniel Miranda , Malaquias Pietry Dy Tarso Inã Alves , Macedo Thiago Felippe Oliveira de , Carneiro Júnior Bráulio 
Published: September 2015

Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico de redução fechada de fratura nasal com modificação da técnica de tamponamento nasal anterior e consequente manutenção das vias aéreas superiores no pós-operatório imediato. Descrição do caso: paciente vítima de acidente desportivo (capoeira) com histórico de trauma em terço médio de face e epistaxe no momento do trauma. Ao exame físico facial, observou- se edema em região nasal, edema e equimose periorbitária bilateral, hemorragia subconjuntival em olho direito, látero desvio de dorso nasal para o lado esquerdo, crepitação nasal e obstrução principalmente em narina direita e demais contornos ósseos da face preservados. Ao exame de imagem (tomografia computadorizada), foram evidenciados sinais sugestivos de fratura dos ossos próprios do nariz. A redução da fratura deu-se de forma fechada sob anestesia local. Após a redução, optou-se pelo uso intra-nasal de uma sonda Nelaton, visando a manutenção das vias aéreas superiores, seguido do tamponamento nasal anterior com gaze vaselinada. O paciente foi acompanhado com um mês, e seis meses de pós-operatório. Conclusão: a redução de fraturas dos ossos nasais com manutenção das vias aéreas, de forma fechada sob anestesia local, é uma técnica que pode ser realizada com boa margem de segurança, proporcionando ao paciente um maior conforto no período pós-operatório.
IMPACTO DO PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO TUTORIAL (PET/MEC) SOBRE A SAÚDE BUCAL EM MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Fonseca Elisabeth Martinez , Araújo Thamiles Pinheiro , Santos Marina Cartibani , Nobre Camila Neves , Sampaio Monah , Medrado Alena Peixoto 
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo descreve uma atividade de ensino e extensão desenvolvida por bolsistas integrantes do Programa de Educação Tutorial do curso de odontologia da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública intitulada “PET sobre os trilhos”. Objetiva relatar duas experiências bem sucedidas no âmbito da promoção de saúde bucal em cidades do interior do estado da Bahia. Foram realizadas atividades lúdico-educativas em comunidades dos municípios de São Domingos e Ribeira do Pombal, a exemplo de escovação bucal supervisionada, palestras educativas, jogos e brincadeiras de caráter educativo e distribuição de escovas e cremes dentais. Houve plena participação de bolsistas do grupo PET, com supervisão da tutora. Temáticas relacionadas à promoção de saúde bucal e sistêmica foram abordadas com indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias. Desta maneira, a relevância deste projeto é atribuída aos impactos sociais no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e atitudes sobre a adequada manutenção da saúde bucal por parte das comunidades envolvidas, bem como a compreensão acerca das causas e consequências de uma má higiene oral.