bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Estimating Recharge to Unconfined Aquifers Using Differential River Gauging
Authors: McCallum Andrew M. , Andersen Martin S. , Acworth R. Ian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn semiarid and arid environments, leakage from rivers is a major source of recharge to underlying unconfined aquifers. Differential river gauging is widely used to estimate the recharge. However, the methods commonly applied are limited in that the temporal resolution is event‐scale or longer. In this paper, a novel method is presented for quantifying both the total recharge volume for an event, and variation in recharge rate during an event from hydrographs recorded at the upstream and downstream ends of a river reach. The proposed method is applied to river hydrographs to illustrate the method steps and investigate recharge processes occurring in a sub‐catchment of the Murray Darling Basin (Australia). Interestingly, although it is the large flood events which are commonly assumed to be the main source of recharge to an aquifer, our analysis revealed that the smaller flow events were more important in providing recharge.
The Association Between Helicobacter pylori Status and Incidence of Metachronous Gastric Cancer After Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Young‐Il , Choi Il Ju , Kook Myeong‐Cherl , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Chan Gyoo , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication in preventing metachronous gastric cancer (GC) development after endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori status on the incidence of metachronous GC after ER during long‐term follow‐up.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 374 patients who underwent ER for EGC. Helicobacter pylori status was assessed by histology, rapid urease test, and serology. According to the H. pylori status after ER, included patients were classified into H. pylori‐negative group (n = 218), H. pylori‐eradicated group (n = 49), and H. pylori‐persistent group (n = 107). Metachronous GC incidence and risk factors according to H. pylori status were analyzed.ResultsMedian follow‐up duration after ER was 4.3 years (range 1.0–11.3 years). During the follow‐up period, metachronous GC had developed in 13 patients (6.0% [13/218]) in the H. pylori‐negative group, 2 patients (4.1% [2/49]) in the H. pylori‐eradicated group, and 16 patients (15.0% [16/107]) in the H. pylori‐persistent group. Cumulative incidence of metachronous GC was significantly higher in patients with H. pylori‐persistent group than in those with H. pylori‐negative (p = .011, log‐rank test) and H. pylori‐eradicated group (p = .006, log‐rank test). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, age ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.29, p = .038), family history of GC (HR 2.60, p = .014), and H. pylori‐persistent status (HR 2.42, p = .019) were associated with metachronous GC development.ConclusionsPersistent H. pylori infection after ER may increase risk of metachronous GC development.
Restoration of natural killer cell activity by pegylated interferon‐alpha/ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C patient
Authors: Nakamura Ikuo , Asano Takeharu , Asabe Shinichi , Ando Mayumi , Sano Takatomo , Miyata Yuki , Taira Junichi , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Imai Yasuharu , Moriyasu Fuminori , Imawari Michio 
Published: March 2014

AimThe combination therapy of pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin (PEG IFN/RBV) is one of the effective treatments for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Natural killer (NK)‐cell activity was reported to be impaired in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to examine whether PEG IFN/RBV therapy could restore NK activity in CHC patients.MethodsIn 19 CHC patients, PEG IFN/RBV therapy was performed. Just before (0M), at 3 months of the therapy (3M) and at 6 months after completion of the therapy (6M), NK activity and the frequency of NK cells, CD56dimNK cells and CD56brightNK cells in peripheral blood was estimated by creatinine release assay and flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed by anova and Mann–Whitney U‐test.Resultsanova showed that NK activity significantly improved at 6M (vs 0M, P < 0.05) in the patients studied and in the patients with sustained virological response (SVR). It also showed that frequency of CD56brightNK cells was significantly increased at 6M (vs 0M, P < 0.05) in the patients studied and in the SVR group. However, no significant change in NK activity and frequency of CD56brightNK cells were detected in non‐SVR group. Furthermore, NK activity ratio (6M/0M) in the SVR group was revealed to be higher compared with that in the non‐SVR group by analysis using Mann–Whitney U‐test (P < 0.05).ConclusionPEG IFN/RBV therapy in CHC patients could improve NK activity by increasing the frequency of CD56brightNK cells in SVR patients. Our study also revealed that eradication of HCV could restore NK‐cell activity.
Who is afraid of math? Two sources of genetic variance for mathematical anxiety
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hart Sara Ann , Kovas Yulia , Lukowski Sarah , Soden Brooke , Thompson Lee A. , Plomin Robert , McLoughlin Grainne , Bartlett Christopher W. , Lyons Ian M. , Petrill Stephen A. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEmerging work suggests that academic achievement may be influenced by the management of affect as well as through efficient information processing of task demands. In particular, mathematical anxiety has attracted recent attention because of its damaging psychological effects and potential associations with mathematical problem solving and achievement. This study investigated the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the observed differences in the anxiety people feel when confronted with mathematical tasks. In addition, the genetic and environmental mechanisms that link mathematical anxiety with math cognition and general anxiety were also explored.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate quantitative genetic models were conducted in a sample of 514 12‐year‐old twin siblings.ResultsGenetic factors accounted for roughly 40% of the variation in mathematical anxiety, with the remaining being accounted for by child‐specific environmental factors. Multivariate genetic analyses suggested that mathematical anxiety was influenced by the genetic and nonfamilial environmental risk factors associated with general anxiety and additional independent genetic influences associated with math‐based problem solving.ConclusionsThe development of mathematical anxiety may involve not only exposure to negative experiences with mathematics, but also likely involves genetic risks related to both anxiety and math cognition. These results suggest that integrating cognitive and affective domains may be particularly important for mathematics and may extend to other areas of academic achievement.
Microbial Levels in Apple Must and Their Association with Fruit Selection, Washing and Sanitization
Authors: Gomes Tatiane Aparecida , Filho Mauro Rodrigues Salvador , Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira , Pietrowski Giovana de Arruda Moura , Nogueira Alessandro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of the operations of selection, cleaning and sanitizing with sodium hypochlorite, on the populations of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria present in apple cider must, elaborated from commercial and industrial fruit. The microbial load differed between the cultivars and classes of fruit. The total populations of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria were higher in the industrial fruit. The operation of selection avoided cross‐contamination and the presence of organic compounds that might react with the chlorine. Washing the apples decreased the populations of these microorganisms by one logarithmic cycle. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that sanitization was effective at a concentration of 100 mg/L for 5 min. The sanitizer was not effective in totally eliminating the microorganisms in populations greater than 104 CFU/mL. Selection and washing help reduce natural microbiota, making sanitization more effective, and positively affecting food safety and the quality of unpasteurized cider.Practical ApplicationsThis article presents the results, and a thorough discussion, of the use of pre‐fermentation operations that can be used to reduce the microbial load of apple must, which is to be turned into cider. Among all the various techniques and controls, the three that were most noteworthy were analyzed (selection of fruits, washing and sanitizing with chlorine, followed by rinsing). These operations are critical control points, and if they are planned and monitored then can reduce or eliminate microorganisms (pathogens or not), eliminate or reduce the need for sulfite, facilitate the cleaning and disinfection of the environment and equipment, increase food safety, and ensure the production of high‐quality unpasteurized cider.
Clinical experience of J‐VAC drain for skin closure in the laparotomy of obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Kajiwara Kazuhiro , Kimura Eizo , Nakano Makoto , Takano Hirokuni , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe frequency of wound dehiscence after abdominal surgery has been reported to be approximately 4–29%, and that of surgical site infections is said to be of about 20%. We examined the effectiveness of the subcutaneous J‐VAC drain (JVD) in the drainage of bleeding and exudates from surgical wounds.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted on 192 patients who underwent abdominal surgery from October 2009 to February 2011, and in whom indwelling JVD were placed. During the study period, JVD (10‐Fr) were placed subcutaneously on the anterior surface of the fascia in all patients. We examined the frequency of surgical wound complications.ResultsA longitudinal incision was used in 101 patients, and a transverse abdominal incision was used in 91 patients. Subjects with a subcutaneous fat thickness of 2 cm or thicker accounted for 115 patients. Subcutaneous hematoma was present in three patients, but only two patients (1%) showed dehiscence that required treatment.ConclusionsThis study revealed that subcutaneous JVD is useful for the closure of surgical incisions in gynecology and obstetrics, and that there are no limitations to their applicability.
Extragastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting as a recurrent vulvar mass
Authors: Li Dujuan , Zhao Yuewu , Xie Hongjian , Liu Qiuyu , Kong Lingfei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExtragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) primarily arising from the female genital tract are extremely rare. We report a case of EGIST presenting as a recurrent vulvar mass with genetic analyses. A 59‐year‐old woman was found to have a 4‐cm recurrent mass in the right vulva after 6 months of the first resection. Histological findings showed that the uniform spindle cells formed interlacing bundles, with high cellular density and mild to moderate atypia. Mitotic activity averaged 10 mitoses per 50 high‐power fields. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that the tumor cells exhibited strong and diffuse staining for CD117, CD34 and DOG1. Ki67 labeling was approximately 15%. Molecular analysis showed an in‐frame protein deletion (P551_Q556del) at exon 11 of c‐KIT. The tumor was diagnosed as an EGIST. The patient was treated with imatinib, and was healthy at 12‐month follow‐up. EGIST should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vulvar mesenchymal tumors.
Myo‐inositol modulates insulin and luteinizing hormone secretion in normal weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Genazzani Alessandro D. , Santagni Susanna , Ricchieri Federica , Campedelli Annalisa , Rattighieri Erika , Chierchia Elisa , Marini Giulia , Despini Giulia , Prati Alessia , Simoncini Tommaso 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate hormonal dynamics in a group of non‐obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients under myo‐inositol (MYO) administration.MethodsHormonal profiles, insulin response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and luteinizing hormone (LH) response to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test before and after the administration of a preparation of MYO (3 g p.o. daily) mixed with lactoferrin and bromelin, in a group (n = 24) of normal weight PCOS patients.ResultsAfter the treatment interval, body mass index (BMI) did not change while LH, LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone, 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone and androstenedione decreased significantly. Insulin response to OGTT was significantly reduced after the treatment interval (P < 0.05) as well as GnRH‐induced LH response (P < 0.05). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein decreased significantly after the treatment interval.ConclusionMYO administration positively modulates insulin sensitivity in non‐obese PCOS patients without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, improving hormonal parameters. The presence of bromelin in the formulation modulated the pro‐inflammatory state that characterizes PCOS, independently of BMI.
Service on a Stigmatized Board, Social Capital, and Change in Number of Directorships
Authors: Wurthmann Kurt A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article seeks to develop a nuanced understanding about the relationship between service on a stigmatized board and reduced opportunities for future directorships on other boards by examining the moderating effects of different dimensions of director social capital on this relationship. Evidence based on a unique sample of firms with boards that were viewed as being stigmatized by a group of corporate governance experts suggests that while serving on a stigmatized board is related to a reduction in future number of directorships held, this relationship is significantly mitigated for directors of upper‐class origins. However, social capital related to affiliations with other elite institutions does not appear to mitigate reduction in future number of directorships held by outside directors who serve on a stigmatized board. Implications and future directions in research on class‐based influence in the corporate community and stigmatization and devaluation of elites associated with corporate failures are discussed.
MRI Findings in Encephalopathy with Primary Carnitine Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Atay Musa , Toprak Huseyin , Guler Serhat , Aralasmak Ayse , Alkan Alpay 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe presented MRI and DWI findings of a 12‐year‐old boy with primary carnitine deficiency, manifested with hypoglycemic hypoketotic encephalopathy.METHODSMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were performed to the patient.RESULTSIn our case, T2 hyperintensity and diffusion restriction were noted bilaterally in the corona radiate, cerebral white matter, deep white matter of cerebellum, ascending (inferior cerebellar peduncle) and descending tracts (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts) of brainstem.CONCLUSIONSMRI and DWI are helpful in the diagnosis, therapy planning and follow up of encephalopathic cases with carnitine deficiency.
Accumulation and elimination of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the ridgetail white prawnExopalaemon carinicaudafollowing medicated feed and bath administration
Authors: Liang J. P. , Li J. , Li J. T. , Liu P. , Chang Z. Q. , Nie G. X. 
Published: March 2014

Accumulation and elimination of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were evaluated inExopalaemon carinicaudafollowing medicated feed at dose of 10 mg/kg weight body per day for five consecutive days and 10 mg/L bath for five consecutive days at 18 °C. At different times, nine ridgetail white prawns were randomly selected from the tank and sampled after the last medicated feed or bath administration. The concentration of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the main tissues (hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and ovary) was detected byHPLC. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of enrofloxacin were 3.408 ± 0.245, 0.554 ± 0.088, 0.789 ± 0.074, and 0.714 ± 0.123 μg/g for hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and ovary, respectively, at 1 day after the last medicated feed treatment. The enrofloxacin concentrations were 2.389 ± 0.484, 0.656 ± 0.012, 0.951 ± 0.144, and 3.107 ± 0.721 μg/g in hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and ovary, respectively, at 1 day after the last bath administration. Ciprofloxacin could be detected in hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and ovary. However, the concentrations of ciprofloxacin were much lower in comparison with that of enrofloxacin in various tissues. The concentrations of enrofloxacin plus ciprofloxacin in hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, and ovary followed an eliminating pattern during the sampling time after the two routes of administration. Based on data derived from this study, to avoid the enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residue inE. carinicauda, it should take at least 20 and 25 days to wash out the drug from the tissues after the last medicated feed and bath administration with enrofloxacin, respectively. These results helped the Chinese fishery department to lay down the current guidelines on enrofloxacin plus ciprofloxacin withdrawal periods for farmed shrimp.
Divergent immunity and energetic programs in the gills of migratory and resident Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Sutherland Ben J. G. , Hanson Kyle C. , Jantzen Johanna R. , Koop Ben F. , Smith Christian T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDivergent life history strategies occur in steelhead or rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and many populations produce both migrant (anadromous fish that move to the ocean after rearing) and resident (do not migrate and remain in fresh water) individuals. Mechanisms leading to each type are only partially understood; while the general tendency of a population is heritable, individual tendency may be plastic, influenced by local environment. Steelhead hatchery programmes aim to mitigate losses in wild stocks by producing trout that will migrate to the ocean and not compete with wild trout for limited freshwater resources. To increase our understanding of gill function in these migratory or resident phenotypes, here we compare gill transcriptome profiles of hatchery‐released fish either at the release site (residents) or five river kilometres downstream while still in full fresh water (migrants). To test whether any of these genes can be used as predictive markers for smoltification, we compared these genes between migrant‐like and undifferentiated trout while still in the hatchery in a common environment (prerelease). Results confirmed the gradual process of smoltification, and the importance of energetics, gill remodelling and ion transport capacity for migrants. Additionally, residents overexpressed transcripts involved in antiviral defences, potentially for immune surveillance via dendritic cells in the gills. The best smoltification marker candidate was protein s100a4, expression of which was highly correlated with Na+, K+ ATPase (NKA) activity and smolt‐like morphology in pre‐ and postrelease trout gills.
STAT3 represents a molecular switch possibly inducing astroglial instead of oligodendroglial differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis
Authors: Sun Yanyong , Lehmbecker Annika , Kalkuhl Arno , Deschl Ulrich , Sun Wenhui , Rohn Karl , Tzvetanova Iva D. , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Ulrich Reiner 
Published: March 2014

AimsInsufficient oligodendroglial differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) is suggested to be responsible for remyelination failure and astroglial scar formation in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME). The aim of the present study is to identify molecular key regulators of OPC differentiation in TME, and to dissect their mechanism of action in vitro.MethodsTME virus (TMEV) infected SJL/J‐mice were evaluated by rotarod analysis, histopathology, immunohistology and gene expression microarray analysis. The STAT3 pathway was activated using meteorin and inhibited using STAT3 inhibitor VII in the glial progenitor cell line BO‐1 and in primary rat OPCs in vitro.ResultsAs expected, immunohistology demonstrated progressively decreasing myelin basic protein‐positive white matter in TME. In contrast, intralesional NG2‐positive OPCs as well as GFAP‐positive astrocytes were increased. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed 26 Gene Ontology terms including ‘JAK‐STAT cascade’ to be significantly positively correlated with the density of NG2‐positive OPCs. Immunohistology revealed an increased amount of activated, phosphorylated STAT3‐expressing astrocytes, OPCs, and microglia/macrophages within the lesions. Meteorin‐induced activation of STAT3‐signalling in BO‐1 cells and primary rat OPCs resulted in an enhanced GFAP and reduced CNPase expression. In contrast, an oppositional result was observed in BO‐1 cells treated with STAT3 inhibitor VII.ConclusionsThe STAT3 pathway is a key regulator of OPC‐differentiation, suggested to shift their differentiation from an oligodendroglial towards an astrocytic fate, thereby inducing astrogliosis and insufficient remyelination in TME.
Putting the brakes on: abscisic acid as a central environmental regulator of stomatal development
Authors: Chater Caspar C. C. , Oliver James , Casson Stuart , Gray Julie E. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryStomata are produced by a controlled series of epidermal cell divisions. The molecular underpinnings of this process are becoming well understood, but mechanisms that determine plasticity of stomatal patterning to many exogenous and environmental cues remain less clear. Light quantity and quality, vapour pressure deficit, soil water content, and CO2 concentration are detected by the plant, and new leaves adapt their stomatal densities accordingly. Mature leaves detect these environmental signals and relay messages to immature leaves to tell them how to adapt and grow. Stomata on mature leaves may act as stress signal‐sensing and transduction centres, locally by aperture adjustment, and at long distance by optimizing stomatal density to maximize future carbon gain while minimizing water loss. Although mechanisms of stomatal aperture responses are well characterized, the pathways by which mature stomata integrate environmental signals to control immature epidermal cell fate, and ultimately stomatal density, are not. Here we evaluate current understanding of the latter through the influence of the former. We argue that mature stomata, as key portals by which plants coordinate their carbon and water relations, are controlled by abscisic acid (ABA), both metabolically and hydraulically, and that ABA is also a core regulator of environmentally determined stomatal development.

Contents

Summary
376

I.
Making holes: the developmental programme
376

II.
Controlling the valves: guard cell physiology
378

III.
Ontogenetic priming to ABA and its role in stomatal development
378

IV.
ABA metabolism and its contribution to stomatal development
380

V.
Light‐mediated changes in stomatal patterning: a role for ABA?
382

VI.
A role for ABA in CO2 and carbon budget signalling
384

VII.
Light‐mediated changes in stomatal patterning: a role for ABA?
385

VIII.
Conclusions
386

Acknowledgements
387

References
387