bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Manures Combinations on Yield Attributes of Finger Millet Var. VL Mandua 379
Authors: Akli Nabam , Doruk Kasinam , Basar Karge , Lida Sanchung , Mibang Anki , Meena Tadang , Venu Nakeertha 
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Himalayan University farm, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, during the kharif season of 2023 with 8 treatments replicated thrice with 24 plots each 3×3 meter in randomized block design, to determine the effect of organic manures on yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). The experiment included the following treatments T1- Control ,T2- Castor oilcake at 2.5kg/ha+ Poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha,T3- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Poultry manure at 2.5kg/ha,T4- Mustard oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha,T5- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Neem oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Fym at 2.5kg/ha,T6- Neem oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha, T7- Mustard oilcake at 2.5kg/ha + Poultry manure 2.5kg/ha, and T8- Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Goat manure at 2.5kg/ha. All the fertilizers were top dressed on the surface layer of the soil after 1 week of transplantation. The highest finger length (cm) recorded was 6.5 cm at harvest, the highest test weight (g) recorded was 3.1 g at harvest, the highest grain yield recorded was (t ha-1) 4.02 t ha-1 at harvest, highest straw yield (t ha-1) recorded was 7.9 t ha-1 and harvest index (%) 36.78 % at harvest were observed with treatment T5– Bone meal at 2.5kg/ha + Neem oilcake 2.5kg/ha + Fym at 2.5kg/ha.
Monthly Rainfall Forecasting Using High Order Singh’s Fuzzy Time Series Based on Interval Ratio Methods: Case Study Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Feriyanto Erikha , Farikhin  , Puspita Nikken Prima 
Published: July 2024

Aims: Sample: To determine the effectiveness of the proposed forecasting method, namely Singh's fuzzy time series based on high order (third order) interval ratios. And find out the forecasting results in January 2022.
Study Design: Modification of Singh's fuzzy time series based on interval ratios.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: monthly rainfall data for Semarang City from January 2017 to December 2021.
Methodology: The method proposed by the researcher is the Singh fuzzy time series forecasting method based on high order (third order) interval ratios. This research method uses a combination of Chen and Singh's fuzzy time series. Applying Chen's fuzzy time series in the section determining the universe of discourse () to fuzzification which includes determining the universe of discourse, determining interval partitions, forming Fuzzy Logical Relationships and Fuzzy Logical Relationship Groups. Then apply Singh's fuzzy time series to the forecasting part. Finally, calculate the Average Forecasting Error Rate (AFER) to test forecasting performance. In the forecasting part, it is obtained through a heuristic approach by building high order forecasting rules to obtain better results and have an effect on very small AFER values. In the step of determining the interval partition, this research uses the interval ratio method which aims to reflect variations in historical data.
Conclusion: Based on the calculation of the AFER value, the AFER for third order is 0.2422%. It can be said that Singh's fuzzy time series forecasting method based on high order (third order) interval ratios on monthly rainfall data for Semarang City from January 2017 to December 2021 is very good. And the rainfall forecast for January 2022 is 196.80 mm3 or into the category of very heavy rain.
An Analysis of Volition and Self-Identity Construction in Ai Qing’s Poem
Authors: Yang Li 
Published: July 2024

The Chinese poet Ai Qing (pen name of Jiang Zhenghan) advocated expressing one’s innermost thoughts directly through poetry, and his poems often used straightforward language to convey strong volition. This article examines Ai Qing’s poetry from the perspectives of form and the process of imagination, using Coleridge's theory of imagination and Ai Qing’s own poetic philosophy. It seeks to explore the volition embodied in Ai Qing’s poetry and how he constructs his own identity through poetry. In terms of form, Ai Qing adhered to “the prose beauty of poetry,” expressing the hope to break free from constraints, liberate thoughts, and assert personal will. Through the unconventional imagination process in his poems, Ai Qing reveals the unconscious self-agent of the poet to speak for the people and an active perspective on the interplay between the poet’s self-agent and the external world. It is the combination of poetic form and the creative process of imagination that constructs Ai Qing’s identity as a national poet yearning for freedom, revolution, and yet filled with a sense of concern.
Determination of the Electronic Structure, Charge-transfer, and Optical Properties of Neutral, Anionic, and Cationic Perfluoropentacene
Authors: Gidado A.S. , Ahmad Shahzia Kulsoom , Musa A. , Ibrahim U.M. 
Published: July 2024

Perfluoropentacene ( is an n-type organic semiconductor made by fluorination of p-type semiconductor Pentacene and can find applications in molecular thin film devices. In this work, a theoretical study of Perfluoropentacene was carried out based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD-DFT) as implemented in Gaussian 09 package using B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) basis sets. The electronic, charge transfer, Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the molecule were calculated and reported for the neutral, anionic, and cationic forms of the molecule. The results show that the cationic state of the molecule has the strongest bond length at R(28,32) using the basis sets B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) and the weakest bond length was found at R(4,6) in the ionic state with 6-31+G (d) basis set. The energy gap obtained for the neutral molecule using 6-31+G (d) and 6-311++G (d,p) basis sets are 2.00eV, 1.99eV respectively. The results show a strong agreement with a previously related work that reported the energy gap as 2.02eV thus indicating high stability of the molecule. Perfluoropentacene has the highest value of chemical hardness of 1.3929eV in its anionic state (Beta MO), so is considered to be harder and more stable than the neutral and cationic. The findings also revealed that with toluene as solvent, the strongest absorption was found at wavelength of 738.38, highest oscillator strength of 0.0599 and the lowest excitation energy of 1.6791eV. The calculated results of polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability confirm that this molecule is a good non-linear optical material. On the whole, the molecule could be a good material for optoelectronic applications.
Disruptions of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Teleconnections by the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Barlow Mathew , Wheeler Matthew C. , Funk Chris 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual variability, with global impacts on weather and climate that have seasonal predictability. Research on the link between interannual ENSO variability and the leading mode of intraseasonal variability, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), has focused mainly on the role of MJO initiating or terminating ENSO. We use observational analysis and modeling to show that the MJO has an important simultaneous link to ENSO: strong MJO activity significantly weakens the atmospheric branch of ENSO. For weak MJO conditions relative to strong MJO conditions, the average magnitude of ENSO‐associated tropical precipitation anomalies increases by 63%, and the strength of hemispheric teleconnections increases by 58%. Since the MJO has predictability beyond three weeks, the relationships shown here suggest that there may be subseasonal predictability of the ENSO teleconnections to continental circulation and precipitation.
Biogeochemical context impacts seawater pH changes resulting from atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition
Authors: Hagens Mathilde , Hunter Keith A. , Liss Peter S. , Middelburg Jack J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeawater acidification can be induced both by absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and by atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and ammonia. Their relative significance, interplay, and dependency on water column biogeochemistry are not well understood. Using a simple biogeochemical model we show that the initial conditions of coastal systems are not only relevant for CO2‐induced acidification but also for additional acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition. Coastal areas undersaturated with respect to CO2 are most vulnerable to CO2‐induced acidification but are relatively least affected by additional atmospheric deposition‐induced acidification. In contrast, the pH of CO2‐supersaturated systems is most sensitive to atmospheric deposition. The projected increment in atmospheric CO2 by 2100 will increase the sensitivity of coastal systems to atmospheric deposition‐induced acidification by up to a factor 4, but the additional annual change in proton concentration is at most 28%.
Intensified land surface control on boundary layer growth in a changing climate
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Wang Zaiyu , Mbuh Mbongowo J. , Norton Holly E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractData from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 for historical and future climate scenarios are examined for changes in the energy cycle component of land surface feedback on the atmosphere, namely, through the linkages from soil moisture to sensible heat flux to the height of the lifting condensation level marking the cloud base. Climate models project heightened sensitivity in both of these segments of the feedback pathway over most of the globe. This is in agreement with studies showing similar increases in land‐atmosphere feedback through the water cycle, despite different physical processes, and may contribute to prevalent droughts and floods found in most climate change forecasts.
Morphology of asteroid (4179) Toutatis as imaged by Chang'E‐2 spacecraft
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Hua , Fa Wenzhe , Ip Wing‐Huen , Huang Jiangchuan , Liu Tiantian , Meng Linzhi , Yan Jun , Xu Aoao , Tang Zesheng , Wang Xiaolei , Qiao Dong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractClose observations by the Chang'E‐2 spacecraft reveal that the surface of asteroid (4179) Toutatis is characterized by abundant impact craters with most of them being degraded by surface resetting. The less degraded large crater with a diameter of ~800 m at the south pole is estimated to be produced by an impactor with a diameter of ~50 m from strength crater scaling relations. From the analysis of large‐impact events on highly porous targets, we argue that Toutatis is likely a rubble‐pile body and its two lobes are contact binaries. The fact that Toutatis suffered plenty of impacts with seismic shaking resetting the initial surface features but not resulting in catastrophic disruption is probably because of the material's high attenuation of shock wave.
Global time‐dependent chorus maps from low‐Earth‐orbit electron precipitation and Van Allen Probes data
Authors: Chen Yue , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Friedel Reiner H. W. , Cunningham Gregory S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSubstorm injected electrons (several–100 s keV) produce whistler‐mode chorus waves that are thought to have a major impact on the radiation belts by causing both energization and loss of relativistic electrons in the outer belt. High‐altitude measurements, such as those from the Van Allen Probes, provide detailed wave measurements at a few points in the magnetosphere. But physics‐based models of radiation‐belt dynamics require knowledge of the global distribution of chorus waves. We demonstrate that time‐dependent, global distributions of near‐equatorial chorus wave intensities can be inferred from low‐Earth‐orbit (LEO) measurements of precipitating low‐energy electrons. We compare in situ observations of near‐equatorial chorus waves with LEO observations of precipitating electrons and derive a heuristic formula that relates, quantitatively, electron precipitation fluxes to chorus wave intensities. Finally, we demonstrate how that formula can be applied to LEO precipitation measurements and in situ Van Allen Probes wave measurements to provide global, data‐driven inputs for radiation belt models.
Regional impact of submarine canyons during seasonal upwelling
Authors: Connolly Thomas P. , Hickey Barbara M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA numerical model of the northern California Current System along the coasts of Washington and British Columbia is used to quantify the impact of submarine canyons on upwelling from the continental slope onto the shelf. Comparisons with an extensive set of observations show that the model adequately represents the seasonal development of near‐bottom density, as well as along‐shelf currents that are critical in governing shelf‐slope exchange. Additional model runs with simplified coastlines and bathymetry are used to isolate the effects of submarine canyons. Near submarine canyons, equatorward flow over the outer shelf is correlated with dense water at canyon heads and subsequent formation of closed cyclonic eddies, which are both associated with cross‐shelf ageostrophic forces. Lagrangian particles tracked from the slope to midshelf show that canyons are associated with upwelling from depths of ∼140–260 m. Source depths for upwelling are shallower than 150 m at locations away from canyons and in a model run with bathymetry that is uniform in the along‐shelf direction. Water upwelled through canyons is more likely to be found near the bottom over the shelf. Onshore fluxes of relatively saline water through submarine canyons are large enough to increase volume‐averaged salinity over the shelf by 0.1–0.2 psu during the early part of the upwelling season. The nitrate input from the slope to the Washington shelf associated with canyons is estimated to be 30–60% of that upwelled to the euphotic zone by local wind‐driven upwelling.
Lightning discharges produced by wind turbines
Authors: Montanyà Joan , van der Velde Oscar , Williams Earle R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNew observations with a 3‐D Lightning Mapping Array and high‐speed video are presented and discussed. The first set of observations shows that under certain thunderstorm conditions, wind turbine blades can produce electric discharges at regular intervals of ~3 s in relation to its rotation, over periods of time that range from a few minutes up to hours. This periodic effect has not been observed in static towers indicating that the effect of rotation is playing a critical role. The repeated discharges can occur tens of kilometers away from electrically active thunderstorm areas and may or may not precede a fully developed upward lightning discharge from the turbine. Similar to rockets used for triggering lightning, the fast movement of the blade tip plays an important role on the initiation of the discharge. The movement of the rotor blades allows the tip to “runaway” from the generated corona charge. The second observation is an uncommon upward/downward flash triggered by a wind turbine. In that flash, a negative upward leader was initiated from a wind turbine without preceding lightning activity. The flash produced a negative cloud‐to‐ground stroke several kilometers from the initiation point. The third observation corresponds to a high‐speed video record showing simultaneous upward positive leaders from a group of wind turbines triggered by a preceding intracloud flash. The fact that multiple leaders develop simultaneously indicates a poor shielding effect among them. All these observations provide some special features on the initiation of lightning by nonstatic and complex tall structures.
Tracking, Tagging and Scanning the City
Authors: Hudson‐Smith Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe proliferation of social media and software, such as building information modelling (BIM), has led to an unprecedented accumulation of data in the last few years, which can be tracked, tagged and scanned.With it, buildings and cities have been transformed into portals for information. Andrew Hudson‐Smith, Director at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London (UCL), describes how the ability to use emerging urban analytic tool kits provides the possibility of a real‐time view of the city and a crystal‐ball‐like glimpse into urban networks of the future.
Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Ketimines with Allenoates: Easy Access to a Tetrahydropyridine Framework with a Chiral Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Carbon Center
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Arteaga Fernando Arteaga , Yoshida Yasushi , Suzuki Michitaka , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEnantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of tetrahydropyridines bearing a chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereogenic center has been achieved. The spiro‐type monoaryl phosphine catalyst, (R)‐SITCP, was found to promote the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of saccharin‐derived ketimines and α‐methyl allenoate to afford the corresponding six‐membered N‐heterocycles in high yields and excellent regioselectivities with up to 93% ee.
Mechanism of an unusual, but clinically significant, digoxin–bupropion drug interaction
Authors: He Jiake , Yu Yang , Prasad Bhagwat , Chen Xijing , Unadkat Jashvant D. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAn unusual, but clinically significant, digoxin (DIG)–bupropion (BUP) drug interaction (DDI), in which BUP increased DIG renal clearance by 80% is reported. To investigate the mechanism(s) of this unusual DDI, first the effect of BUP, its circulating metabolites or their combination on [3H]‐DIG transport by cells expressing human P‐gp or human OATP4C1 was determined. Second, the study asked whether this DDI could be replicated in the rat so that it could be used to conduct mechanistic studies. Then, the effect of BUP and its rat metabolites on [3H]‐DIG transport were tested by cells expressing rat Oatp4c1. Bupropion and its metabolites had no effect on human P‐gp mediated transepithelial transport of [3H]‐DIG. Bupropion and hydroxybupropion (HBUP) significantly stimulated H‐OATP4C1 mediated transport of [3H]‐DIG. In addition, BUP cocktail (BUP plus its metabolites) significantly increased the H‐OATP4C1 mediated transport of [3H]‐DIG, and partially reversed the inhibition by 100 µm DIG. However, erythro‐hydrobupropion (EBUP) and threo‐hydrobupropion (TBUP) did not affect the [3H]‐DIG uptake by H‐OATP4C1 cells. Bupropion administration significantly increased digoxin renal clearance in rats. Surprisingly, bupropion significantly inhibited r‐Oatp4c1 mediated transport of [3H]‐DIG at clinically relevant unbound plasma concentrations of BUP or those observed in the rat study, while HBUP or TBUP did not. These data support our hypothesis that at clinically relevant plasma concentrations, bupropion and its metabolites activate H‐OATP4C1 mediated DIG tubular secretion, and could possibly explain the increase in digoxin renal clearance produced by bupropion. While bupropion increased digoxin renal clearance in the rat, it appeared to do so by inhibiting r‐Oatp4c1‐mediated digoxin renal reabsorption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γ‐Al2O3‐Supported and Unsupported (Ni)MoS2for the Hydrodenitrogenation of Quinoline in the Presence of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Hein Jennifer , Hrabar Ana , Jentys Andreas , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSupported MoS2/γ‐Al2O3and Ni‐MoS2/γ‐Al2O3as well as unsupported Ni‐MoS2were investigated in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of quinoline in the presence of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The supported oxide catalyst precursors had a well‐dispersed amorphous polymolybdate structure that led to the formation of a highly dispersed sulfide phase. In contrast, the unsupported catalyst precursor consisted of a mixture of nickel molybdate and ammonium nickel molybdate phases that formed stacked sulfide slabs after sulfidation. On all catalysts, the reaction pathway for the removal of N in quinoline HDN mainly followed the sequence quinoline→1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline→decahydroquinoline→propylcyclohexylamine→propylcyclohexene→propylcyclohexane. The hydrodesulfurization of DBT proceeded mainly by direct desulfurization towards biphenyl. For both processes, the activity increased in the order MoS2/γ‐Al2O3<Ni‐MoS2/unsupported<Ni‐MoS2/γ‐Al2O3. The promotion of the MoS2phase with Ni enhances the activity of the unsupported catalyst to a greater extent than the supported one. However, the multiply stacked unsupported Ni‐MoS2exhibited lower rates than Ni‐MoS2/γ‐Al2O3because of its lower dispersion.
Light‐Controlled Formation of Vesicles and Supramolecular Organogels by a Cholesterol‐Bearing Amphiphilic Molecular Switch
Authors: van Herpt Jochem T. , Areephong Jetsuda , Stuart Marc C. A. , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new responsive material composed of an amphiphilic light‐switchable dithienylethene unit functionalized with a hydrophobic cholesterol unit and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified pyridinium group has been designed. This unique single‐molecule system shows responsive light‐switchable self‐assembly in both water and organic solvents. Light‐triggered reversible vesicle formation in aqueous solutions is reported. The molecule shows a different behavior in apolar aromatic solvents, in which light‐controlled formation of organogel fibers is observed. The light‐triggered aggregation behavior of this molecule demonstrates that control of a supramolecular structure with light can be achieved in both aqueous and organic media and that this ability can be present in a single molecule. This opens the way toward the effective development of new strategies in soft nanotechnology for applications in controlled chemical release systems.
Effects of Quantum Nuclear Delocalisation on NMR Parameters from Path Integral Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Dračínský Martin , Hodgkinson Paul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe influence of nuclear delocalisation on NMR chemical shifts in molecular organic solids is explored using path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) and density functional theory calculations of shielding tensors. Nuclear quantum effects are shown to explain previously observed systematic deviations in correlations between calculated and experimental chemical shifts, with particularly large PIMD‐induced changes (up to 23 ppm) observed for carbon atoms in methyl groups. The PIMD approach also enables isotope substitution effects on chemical shifts and J couplings to be predicted in excellent agreement with experiment for both isolated molecules and molecular crystals. An approach based on convoluting calculated shielding or coupling surfaces with probability distributions of selected bond distances and valence angles obtained from PIMD simulations is used to calculate isotope effects.
Synergistic Effects of Lewis Bases and Substituents on the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Boryl Radicals
Authors: Lu Dongmei , Wu Chao , Li Pengfei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBoryl radicals have the potential for the development of new molecular entities and for application in new radical reactions. However, the effects of the substituents and coordinating Lewis bases on the reactivity of boryl radicals are not fully understood. By using first‐principles methods, we investigated the spin‐density distribution and reactivity of a series of boryl radicals with various substituents and Lewis bases. The substituents, along with the Lewis bases, only affect the radical reactivity when an unpaired electron is in the boron pz orbital, that is, for three‐coordinate radicals. We found evidence of synergistic effects between the substituents and the Lewis bases that can substantially broaden the tunability of the reactivity of the boryl radicals. Among Lewis bases, pyridine and imidazol‐2‐ylidene show a similar capacity for stabilization by delocalizing the spin density. Electron‐donating substituents, such as nitrogen, more efficiently stabilize boryl radicals than oxygen and carbon atoms. The reactivity of a boryl radical is always boron based, irrespective of the spin density on boron.