bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A specialized post-anaesthetic care unit improves fast-track management in cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Probst Stefan , Cech Christof , Haentschel Dirk , Scholz Markus , Ender Joerg 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Fast-track treatment in cardiac surgery has become the global standard of care. We compared the efficacy and safety of a specialised post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) to a conventional intensive care unit (ICU) in achieving defined fast-track end points in adult patients after elective cardiac surgery.

Methods
In a prospective, single-blinded, randomized study, 200 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve surgery or combined CABG and valve surgery), were selected to receive their postoperative treatment either in the ICU (n = 100), or in the PACU (n = 100). Patients who, at the time of surgery, were in cardiogenic shock, required renal dialysis, or had an additive EuroSCORE of more than 10 were excluded from the study. The primary end points were: time to extubation (ET), and length of stay in the PACU or ICU (PACU/ICU LOS respectively). Secondary end points analysed were the incidences of: surgical re-exploration, development of haemothorax, new-onset cardiac arrhythmia, low cardiac output syndrome, need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke, acute renal failure, and death.

Results
Median time to extubation was 90 [50; 140] min in the PACU vs. 478 [305; 643] min in the ICU group (P <0.001). Median length of stay in the PACU was 3.3 [2.7; 4.0] hours vs. 17.9 [10.3; 24.9] hours in the ICU (P <0.001). Of the adverse events examined, only the incidence of new-onset cardiac arrhythmia (25 in PACU vs. 41 in ICU, P = 0.02) was statistically different between groups.

Conclusions
Treatment in a specialised PACU rather than an ICU, after elective cardiac surgery leads to earlier extubation and quicker discharge to a step-down unit, without compromising patient safety.

Trial registration
http://ISRCTN71768341. Registered 11 March 2014.
Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular diagnostic technology for monitoring chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Mariani Brian D , Martin Daniel S , Chen Antonia F , Yagi Haruyo , Lin Sheldon S , Tuan Rocky S 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Osteomyelitis is a devastating condition whose treatment relies on the detection of bacteria. The current standard of microbiology culture may not be adequate. Molecular biology based diagnostic procedures for detecting bacteria in orthopaedic infections was previously established, but has not been applied to the setting of chronic osteomyelitis. We aim to determine the applicability of molecular diagnostic procedures for monitoring chronic osteomyelitis, and to evaluate if these procedures are superior to standard culture methods of osteomyelitis detection.

Methods
A rabbit experimental model of chronic osteomyelitis was used; infection was induced in the proximal, medial aspect of the tibia with Staphylococcus aureus at titers ranging from 1 × 102 to 1 × 106 colony forming units. At 28 days post-infection, animals were sacrificed, and the tibias were examined radiographically, harvested, and assayed for the presence of bacteria. Two bacterial detection methods were used: (1) standard microbiological culturing, and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic method to detect bacterial genomic DNA.

Results
The molecular diagnostic method was highly sensitive and accurate, and detected low titer infections that were undetected by radiographic and microbiological methods. By using two sets of PCR primers, one for a universal bacterial gene (16S rRNA) and one for a species-specific gene (nuc), the molecular protocol allowed both the detection and speciation of the bacterial infection.

Conclusions
The use of the PCR-based method was effective for high-sensitivity detection and identification of bacteria associated with chronic osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. Our findings illustrate the applicability of PCR for monitoring chronic osteomyelitis, which may be useful for improved detection of osteomyelitis organisms in humans.
Alkyl Substituent Effects on Molecular Packing and Optoelectronic Properties of 2,3-Dialkyltetracenes
Authors: Kitamura Chitoshi , Ohe Genki , Kawase Takeshi , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A series of 2,3-dialkyltetracenes (alkyl = propyl to hexyl) were readily prepared from 2,3-dialkyl-5,12-tetracenequinone by a one-pot sequence involving hydride reduction with sodium borohydride and subsequent addition of tin(II) chloride in concd hydrochloric acid. X-ray diffraction patterns of their recrystallized powder samples demonstrated their crystalline nature. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the butyl derivative revealed that there were two disordered sets of butyl groups with 50% occupancies, and that in the molecular structure, one butyl group was coplanar with the tetracene core, while the other butyl group was perpendicular to the tetracene plane. Further, the crystal structure adopted a repeating bilayer structure of herringbone-packed tetracene cores and disordered alkyl groups. The conformational analysis demonstrated that there were a number of stable conformers, which would account for the occurrence of alkyl disorders. Flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) measurements of 2,3-dialkyltetracenes exhibited an increase in the product of charge carrier mobility (3.0 × 10−5 to 3.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) and its generation efficiency with increase in the length of the alkyl side chains, suggesting that a longer alkyl side chain plays an important role in the degree of transfer integral and in the suppression of charge recombination or exciton quenching.
Utility of Nine-Color, 11-Parameter Flow Cytometry for Detection of Plasma Cell Neoplasms
Authors: Behdad Amir , Ross Charles W. , Jacques Joshua , Kota Usha , Keren David , Stoolman Lloyd 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectives:Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a widely available laboratory platform for the evaluation of plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. We assess the performance of a nine-color MFC assay that uses stain-lyse-fix processing of bone marrow aspirates, minimal wash steps, and high acquisition rates with analysis of up to 1.8 × 106 cells.Methods:MFC results were compared with microscopic examinations, immunohistochemical studies, and serum/urine M-protein measurements from patients with documented or suspected PC neoplasms.Results:Sensitivity exceeded that of microscopic examinations, with or without immunohistochemistry. In patients with PC myeloma, clonal PC detection by MFC fell in concert with M-protein levels. However, in a subset of patients, MFC detected clonal PCs after serum/urine studies turned negative.Conclusions:The nine-color analytic cocktail eliminates duplication of PC gating reagents required for evaluation of the same epitopes using a five- or six-color approach. Fewer analytic cocktails result in lower instrument acquisition times per case, a significant factor for the large data sets required for optimal residual disease assessment. Finally, concurrent analysis of nine epitopes and two light scatter parameters aids detection of residual disease, particularly when it is mixed with polyclonal PCs.
Recognition and Discrimination of Tissue-Marking Dye Color by Surgical Pathologists
Authors: Williams Andrew S. , Hache Kelly Dakin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
A variety of tissue-marking dye (TMD) colors can be used to indicate surgical pathology specimen margins; however, the ability of pathologists to differentiate between specific microscopic margin colors has not been assessed systematically. This study aimed to evaluate pathologists’ accuracy in identifying TMD color and determine the least ambiguous combinations of colors for use in surgical pathology.

Methods:
Seven colors of TMD were obtained from three manufacturers and applied to excess formalin-fixed uterine tissue. Study blocks contained multiple tissue pieces, each marked with a different color from the same manufacturer. Slides were assessed by eight participants for color and color distinctness of each piece of tissue.

Results:
Black, green, red, and blue TMDs were accurately identified by most participants, but participants had difficulty identifying violet, orange, and yellow TMDs. Black, green, and blue TMDs were most commonly rated as “confidently discernable.”

Conclusions:
Pathologists have difficulty identifying and distinguishing certain colors of TMDs. The combined use of certain colors of TMDs (yellow/orange/red, blue/violet, and red/violet) within the same specimen should be avoided to decrease the risk of inaccurately reporting specimen margins.
Parental Preferences for Primary School Characteristics
Authors: Borghans Lex , Golsteyn Bart H. H. , Zölitz Ulf 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Free school choice has often been argued to be a tide that lifts school quality through increased competition. This paper analyzes the underlying assumption that school quality is an important choice criterion for parents. Using a large and representative data set of over 15,000 Dutch primary school starters, we estimate models of school demand that incorporate heterogeneity in school preferences. Our results show that traditional measures for school quality matter, but other characteristics, such as school denomination and educational philosophy, are more important predictors of choice. Preferences for these school characteristics are strongly heterogeneous across parents.
Cobalt and nickel nanoparticles fabricated p(NIPAM-co-MAA) microgels for catalytic applications
Authors: Farooqi Zahoor H. , Iqbal Sadia , Khan Shanza Rauf , Kanwal Farah , Begum Robina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this research work, multi-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer microgels were synthesized via emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium. Then, nickel and cobalt nanoparticles were fabricated within these microgels by in situ reduction of metal ions using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize these microgels. The pH sensitivity of these copolymer microgels was studied using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS). DLS studies revealed that the hydrodynamic radius of these microgels increased with the increase in pH of the medium at 25°C. The catalytic activity of hybrid microgels for the reduction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) to p-aminophenol (4-AP) was investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometery. The value of apparent rate constant of reaction was found to change linearly with catalyst dosage. The nickel-based hybrid system was found to be five times more efficient as a catalyst compared to the cobalt-based hybrid system for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP in aqueous medium.
DAS ZWÖLFTAFELGESETZ UND DIE BESTATTUNG DES MISENUS IN VERGILS AENEIS (6, 176–231). ZU EINEM DEUTUNGSVERSUCH DES DOMIZIO CALDERINI
Authors: Strobl Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the 1470s the Italian scholar and humanist Domizio Calderini (1444/46-1478) compiled a hitherto seldom noticed commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid. In his comments on Misenus’ burial the author draws on the archaic Law of the Twelve Tables several times. Calderini attempts to establish a link between the guidelines on burial (or more specifically on the curtailment of funerary luxury), as recorded in Tabula X, and the funerary ceremony as described in detail by Virgil, which also substantiates the Roman character of the passage. Although the parallels drawn up by Calderini are in general hardly convincing and his interpretative approach fails as a result, the explanations regarding the reading of the Twelve Tables given en passant by the philologist, who lectured at the Roman Studium Urbis, are of particular significance to both the history of classical philology and to the history of reception of this first Roman body of laws.
Investigation of optimum cutting parameters and tool radius in turning glass-fiber-reinforced composite material
Authors: Yardimeden Ahmet 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials (GFRPs) are used widely in various fields of engineering. Turning is the principal process conducted on these materials for obtaining minimum surface roughness. Machining of GFRP materials is different from traditional style due to their inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures. Optimum machining parameters for specific GFRP materials need to be ascertained for perfect machining. In this study, the influence of cutting parameters and insert radius on the cutting force and surface roughness of GFRP material during machining was investigated. For measuring main cutting force, a three-component piezoelectric crystal type of dynamometer was used. Cutting force and surface roughness were experimentally measured through longitudinal axes of the GFRP material. Through this study, it was observed that high cutting speeds and low feed rates provide the best surface quality in the turning process of GFRP composite materials.
Genomic Profiling of Collaborative Cross Founder Mice Infected with Respiratory Viruses Reveals Novel Transcripts and Infection-Related Strain-Specific Gene and Isoform Expression
Authors: Xiong Hao , Morrison Juliet , Ferris Martin T , Gralinski Lisa E , Whitmore Alan C , Green Richard , Thomas Matthew J , Tisoncik-Go Jennifer , Schroth Gary P , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando , Baric Ralph S , Heise Mark T , Peng Xinxia , Katze Michael G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGenetic variation between diverse mouse species is well-characterized, yet existing knowledge of the mouse transcriptome comes largely from one mouse strain (C57BL/6J). As such, it is unlikely to reflect the transcriptional complexity of the mouse species. Gene transcription is dynamic and condition-specific; therefore, to better understand the mouse transcriptional response to respiratory virus infection, we infected the eight founder strains of the Collaborative Cross with either influenza A virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and sequenced lung RNA samples at 2 and 4 days after infection. We found numerous instances of transcripts that were not present in the C57BL/6J reference annotation, indicating that a nontrivial proportion of the mouse genome is transcribed but poorly annotated. Of these novel transcripts, 2150 could be aligned to human or rat genomes, but not to existing mouse genomes, suggesting functionally conserved sequences not yet recorded in mouse genomes. We also found that respiratory virus infection induced differential expression of 4287 splicing junctions, resulting in strain-specific isoform expression. Of these, 59 were influenced by strain-specific mutations within 2 base pairs of key intron–exon boundaries, suggesting cis-regulated expression. Our results reveal the complexity of the transcriptional response to viral infection, previously undocumented genomic elements, and extensive diversity in the response across mouse strains. These findings identify hitherto unexplored transcriptional patterns and undocumented transcripts in genetically diverse mice. Host genetic variation drives the complexity and diversity of the host response by eliciting starkly different transcriptional profiles in response to a viral infection.
Polymorphism Identification and Improved Genome Annotation of Brassica rapa Through Deep RNA Sequencing
Authors: Devisetty Upendra Kumar , Covington Michael F , Tat An V , Lekkala Saradadevi , Maloof Julin N 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The mapping and functional analysis of quantitative traits in Brassica rapa can be greatly improved with the availability of physically positioned, gene-based genetic markers and accurate genome annotation. In this study, deep transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of Brassica rapa was undertaken with two objectives: SNP detection and improved transcriptome annotation. We performed SNP detection on two varieties that are parents of a mapping population to aid in development of a marker system for this population and subsequent development of high-resolution genetic map. An improved Brassica rapa transcriptome was constructed to detect novel transcripts and to improve the current genome annotation. This is useful for accurate mRNA abundance and detection of expression QTL (eQTLs) in mapping populations. Deep RNA-Seq of two Brassica rapa genotypes—R500 (var. trilocularis, Yellow Sarson) and IMB211 (a rapid cycling variety)—using eight different tissues (root, internode, leaf, petiole, apical meristem, floral meristem, silique, and seedling) grown across three different environments (growth chamber, greenhouse and field) and under two different treatments (simulated sun and simulated shade) generated 2.3 billion high-quality Illumina reads. A total of 330,995 SNPs were identified in transcribed regions between the two genotypes with an average frequency of one SNP in every 200 bases. The deep RNA-Seq reassembled Brassica rapa transcriptome identified 44,239 protein-coding genes. Compared with current gene models of B. rapa, we detected 3537 novel transcripts, 23,754 gene models had structural modifications, and 3655 annotated proteins changed. Gaps in the current genome assembly of B. rapa are highlighted by our identification of 780 unmapped transcripts. All the SNPs, annotations, and predicted transcripts can be viewed at http://phytonetworks.ucdavis.edu/.
Genome-Wide Linkage Disequilibrium in Nine-Spined Stickleback Populations
Authors: Yang Ji , Shikano Takahito , Li Meng-Hua , Merilä Juha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVariation in the extent and magnitude of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) among populations residing in different habitats has seldom been studied in wild vertebrates. We used a total of 109 microsatellite markers to quantify the level and patterns of genome-wide LD in 13 Fennoscandian nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations from four (viz. marine, lake, pond, and river) different habitat types. In general, high magnitude (D’ &gt; 0.5) of LD was found both in freshwater and marine populations, and the magnitude of LD was significantly greater in inland freshwater than in marine populations. Interestingly, three coastal freshwater populations located in close geographic proximity to the marine populations exhibited similar LD patterns and genetic diversity as their marine neighbors. The greater levels of LD in inland freshwater compared with marine and costal freshwater populations can be explained in terms of their contrasting demographic histories: founder events, long-term isolation, small effective sizes, and population bottlenecks are factors likely to have contributed to the high levels of LD in the inland freshwater populations. In general, these findings shed new light on the patterns and extent of variation in genome-wide LD, as well as the ecological and evolutionary factors driving them.
Adaptation in Tunably Rugged Fitness Landscapes: The Rough Mount Fuji Model
Authors: Neidhart Johannes , Szendro Ivan G , Krug Joachim 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Much of the current theory of adaptation is based on Gillespie’s mutational landscape model (MLM), which assumes that the fitness values of genotypes linked by single mutational steps are independent random variables. On the other hand, a growing body of empirical evidence shows that real fitness landscapes, while possessing a considerable amount of ruggedness, are smoother than predicted by the MLM. In the present article we propose and analyze a simple fitness landscape model with tunable ruggedness based on the rough Mount Fuji (RMF) model originally introduced by Aita et al. in the context of protein evolution. We provide a comprehensive collection of results pertaining to the topographical structure of RMF landscapes, including explicit formulas for the expected number of local fitness maxima, the location of the global peak, and the fitness correlation function. The statistics of single and multiple adaptive steps on the RMF landscape are explored mainly through simulations, and the results are compared to the known behavior in the MLM model. Finally, we show that the RMF model can explain the large number of second-step mutations observed on a highly fit first-step background in a recent evolution experiment with a microvirid bacteriophage.
Transnational, Social, and Neighborhood Ties and Smoking Among Latino Immigrants: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Alcántara Carmela , Molina Kristine M. , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We examined whether transnational ties, social ties, and neighborhood ties were independently associated with current smoking status among Latino immigrants. We also tested interactions to determine whether these associations were moderated by gender.Methods. We conducted a series of weighted logistic regression analyses (i.e., economic remittances, number of return visits, friend support, family support, and neighborhood cohesion) using the Latino immigrant subsample (n = 1629) of the National Latino and Asian American Study in 2002 and 2003.Results. The number of past-year return visits to the country-of-origin was positively associated with current smoker status. Gender moderated the association between economic remittances, friend support, and smoking. Remittance behavior had a protective association with smoking, and this association was particularly pronounced for Latino immigrant women. Friendship support lowered the odds of smoking among men, but not women.Conclusions. Our results underscore the growing importance of transnational networks for understanding Latino immigrant health and the gendered patterns of the associations between social ties, transnational ties, and health risk behaviors.
Physical Dating Violence Victimization Among Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Luo Feijun , Stone Deborah M. , Tharp Andra T. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. We examined (1) whether sexual minority youths (SMYs) are at increased risk for physical dating violence victimization (PDVV) compared with non-SMYs, (2) whether bisexual youths have greater risk of PDVV than lesbian or gay youths, (3) whether youths who have had sexual contact with both sexes are more susceptible to PDVV than youths with same sex–only sexual contact, and (4) patterns of PDVV among SMYs across demographic groups. Methods. Using 2 measures of sexual orientation, sexual identity and sexual behavior, and compiling data from 9 urban areas that administered the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2001 to 2011, we conducted logistic regression analyses to calculate odds of PDVV among SMYs across demographic sub-samples. Results. SMYs have significantly increased odds of PDVV compared with non-SMYs. Bisexual youths do not have significantly higher odds of PDVV than gay or lesbian youths, but youths who had sexual contact with both-sexes possess significantly higher odds of PDVV than youths with same sex–only sexual contact. These patterns hold for most gender, grade, and racial/ethnic subgroups. Conclusions. Overall, SMYs have greater odds of PDVV versus non-SMYs. Among SMYs, youths who had sexual contact with both sexes have greater odds of PDVV than youths with same sex–only sexual contact. Prevention programs that consider sexual orientation, support tolerance, and teach coping and conflict resolution skills could reduce PDVV among SMYs.
The Implications of Fundamental Cause Theory for Priority Setting
Authors: Goldberg Daniel S. 
Published: August 2014

Application of fundamental cause theory to Powers and Faden’s model of social justice highlights the ethical superiority of upstream public health interventions. In this article, I assess the ramifications of fundamental cause theory specifically in context of public health priority setting. Ethically optimal public health policy simultaneously maximizes overall population health and compresses health inequalities. The fundamental cause theory is an important framework in helping to identify which categories of public health interventions are most likely to advance these twin goals.