bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to self‐reported social anxiety symptoms among incoming university students
Authors: Cheng Shu Hui , Sun Zih‐Jie , Lee I Hui , Lee Chih‐Ting , Chen Kao Chin , Tsai Chung Hung , Yang Yen Kuang , Yang Yi Ching 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the lifestyle/social, personality trait and mental factors among incoming university students with higher self‐reported social anxiety symptoms (SAS).MethodsA total of 5126 incoming university students were recruited. The test battery included a self‐administered questionnaire that examined personal lifestyle, the Measurement of Support Functions, the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale‐Revision, the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, the Social Phobia Inventory, the suicide ideation from the Brief Symptoms Rating Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire.ResultsSAS (23.7%) were prevalent. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that the significant predictors of higher levels of SAS were being an undergraduate student and a non‐smoker, having lower Measurement of Support Functions score (poorer social support), having higher Chinese Internet Addiction Scale‐Revision score (Internet addiction), having lower Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale score (less altruistic behaviour), having suicide ideation and having higher Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire score (poorer sleeper).ConclusionsGiven the high prevalence of SAS among university students, it is necessary to build a better strategy to detect students with potential social anxiety‐related problems/disorders or other mental problems early on.
Understanding access and use of technology among youth with first‐episode psychosis to inform the development of technology‐enabled therapeutic interventions
Authors: Abdel‐Baki Amal , Lal Shalini , D.‐Charron Olivier , Stip Emmanuel , Kara Nadjia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimComputers, video games and technological devices are part of young people's everyday lives. However, their use in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) treatment is rare. The purpose of this study was to better understand the access and use of technology among individuals with FEP, including gaming activities, to inform future development of technology‐enabled therapeutic applications.MethodsSelf‐administered survey on use of technological tools in 71 FEP individuals.ResultsPCs/laptops were used by all participants; cellphones/smartphones by 92%, consoles by 83% (mainly male and younger participants). Women texted and used social networks more frequently; men played games (mainly action) more often. The younger individuals reported playing games frequently (32% daily) with less use of the Web and social networks (favourite: Facebook).ConclusionsThese data will be useful for developing Web‐based psychoeducation tools and cognitive remediation video games for youth with FEP.
A variable number of tandem repeats in the 3′‐untranslated region of the dopamine transporter modulates striatal function during working memory updating across the adult age span
Authors: Sambataro Fabio , Podell Jamie E. , Murty Vishnu P. , Das Saumitra , Kolachana Bhaskar , Goldberg Terry E. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Mattay Venkata S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDopamine modulation of striatal function is critical for executive functions such as working memory (WM) updating. The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates striatal dopamine signaling via synaptic reuptake. A variable number of tandem repeats in the 3′‐untranslated region of SLC6A3 (DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR) is associated with DAT expression, such that 9‐repeat allele carriers tend to express lower levels (associated with higher extracellular dopamine concentrations) than 10‐repeat homozygotes. Aging is also associated with decline of the dopamine system. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of aging and DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR on the neural activity and functional connectivity of the striatum during WM updating. Our results showed both an age‐related decrease in striatal activity and an effect of DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR. Ten‐repeat homozygotes showed reduced striatal activity and increased striatal–hippocampal connectivity during WM updating relative to the 9‐repeat carriers. There was no age by DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR interaction. These results suggest that, whereas striatal function during WM updating is modulated by both age and genetically determined DAT levels, the rate of the age‐related decline in striatal function is similar across both DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR genotype groups. They further suggest that, because of the baseline difference in striatal function based on DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR polymorphism, 10‐repeat homozygotes, who have lower levels of striatal function throughout the adult life span, may reach a threshold of decreased striatal function and manifest impairments in cognitive processes mediated by the striatum earlier in life than the 9‐repeat carriers. Our data suggest that age and DAT1‐3′‐UTR‐VNTR polymorphism independently modulate striatal function.
Depressive symptom severity, contributing factors, and self‐management among chronic dialysis patients
Authors: Song Mi‐Kyung , Ward Sandra E. , Hladik Gerald A. , Bridgman Jessica C. , Gilet Constance A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients receiving chronic dialysis, there has been inadequate attention to patient‐related barriers to management of depressive symptoms, such as factors identified by these patients as contributing to their symptoms, and how they responded to the symptoms. Participants (N = 210) in an ongoing longitudinal observational study of multidimensional quality of life in patients receiving chronic dialysis completed a battery of measures monthly for 12 months. For each patient at each measurement point, an event report was generated if he or she scored outside of the normal range on the depressive symptom scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐Short Form [CESD‐SF] ≥10) or expressed suicidal ideation. Of the 210 participants, 100 (47.6%) had a CESD‐SF score ≥10 at least once resulting in 290 event reports. Of these 100 participants, 15 (15%) had also reported suicidal ideation in addition to having depressive symptoms. The most frequently stated contributing factors included “managing comorbid conditions and complications” (56 event reports, 19.3%), “being on dialysis” (50, 17.2%), “family or other personal issues” (37, 12.8%), and “financial difficulties” (31, 10.7%). On 11 event reports (3.8%) participants had been unaware of their depressive symptoms. On 119 event reports (41%) participants reported that they discussed these symptoms with their dialysis care providers or primary care providers, while on 171 event reports (59%) symptoms were not discussed with their health‐care providers. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high and many patients lack knowledge about effective self‐management strategies.
Burden and coping strategies among Jordanian caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Alnazly Eman Khamis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent studies reported hemodialysis patients' sufferings from physical and psychosocial issues, but few studies reported family–caregiver burdens. This study aims to explore the burdens and coping strategies of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. Caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis (n = 139) at 3 dialysis units were given 3 forms: Caregiver and Patient Characteristics, Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale Difficulty Subscale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale was significantly related to self‐controlling (r = 0.20) and seeking social support (r = 0.17). Caregiver burden was positively and significantly correlated with self‐controlling coping subscale, with t = 1.10, P = 0.05, and β = 0.25. Living with the patient was the only variable that was a significant predictor of burden, with t = 2.96, P = 0.00, and β = 0.331. Living with patients predicted caregiver burden, and the burden scale correlated with self‐controlling. The findings contribute to the evidence on the adverse health effects of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. This study suggests that nursing interventions should target caregiver knowledge for better coping.
HyFlex EDM: superficial features, metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of innovative electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments
Authors: Pirani C. , Iacono F. , Generali L. , Sassatelli P. , Nucci C. , Lusvarghi L. , Gandolfi M. G. , Prati C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the surface and microstructural alterations of new and used HyFlex EDM prototypes and to test their fatigue resistance.MethodologyFifteen HyFlex EDM prototypes were used for in vitro instrumentation of severely curved root canals. Surface and microstructural characteristics of new and used files were compared by ESEM analysis equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrophotometry (EDS) and optical metallographic imaging. Usage‐induced degradation was assessed. Thirty additional HyFlex EDM prototypes and 20 standard manufactured HyFlex CM files were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests. Time to fracture was recorded, and results were validated using the Kruskal–Wallis test (α‐level 0.05). Fatigued files were analysed by ESEM for fractographic evaluation.ResultsSurface and microstructural characterization of EDM prototypes revealed the typical spark‐machined surface of a NiTi EDM alloy. No fractures were registered during root canal instrumentation. No evident surface alterations and minor degradation were observed between new and used instruments. The metallographic analysis of new and used files disclosed a homogeneous structure, mostly composed of lenticular martensite grains, and some residual austenite. The cyclic fatigue test showed an increase of fatigue resistance up to 700% on the EDM compared to CM files.ConclusionsSpark‐machined peculiar surface is the main feature of HyFlex EDM. Low degradation was observed after multiple canal instrumentations. Prototypes exhibited surprising high values of cyclic fatigue resistance and a safe in vitro use in severely curved canals.
Relaxed predation results in reduced phenotypic integration in a suite of dragonflies
Authors: Mikolajewski D. J. , Rüsen L. , Mauersberger R. , Johansson F. , Rolff J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlthough changes in magnitude of single traits responding to selective agents have been studied intensively, little is known about selection shaping networks of traits and their patterns of covariation. However, this is central for our understanding of phenotypic evolution as traits are embedded in a multivariate environment with selection affecting a multitude of traits simultaneously rather than individually. Here, we investigate inter‐ and intraspecific patterns of trait integration (trait correlations) in the larval abdomen of dragonflies as a response to a change in predator selection. Species of the dragonfly genusLeucorrhiniaunderwent a larval habitat shift from predatory fish to predatory dragonfly‐dominated lakes with an associated relaxation in selection pressure from fish predation. Our results indicate that the habitat‐shift‐induced relaxed selection pressure caused phenotypic integration of abdominal traits to be reduced. Intraspecific findings matched patterns comparing species from both habitats with higher abdominal integration in response to predatory fish. This higher integration is probably a result of faster burst swimming speed. The abdomen holds the necessary morphological machinery to successfully evade predatory fish via burst swimming. Hence, abdominal traits have to function in a tight coordinated manner, as maladaptive variation and consequently nonoptimal burst swimming would cause increased mortality. In predatory dragonfly‐dominated lakes, no such strong link between burst swimming and mortality is present. Our findings highlight the importance of studying multivariate trait relationships as a response to selection for understanding patterns of phenotypic diversification.
First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Parsley Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii in Turkey
Authors: Bozkurt I. Adem , Horuz Sumer , Aysan Yesim , Soylu Soner 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSince March, 2011, typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on parsley in several fields inspected in Hatay and Adana provinces of Turkey. Incidence of the disease was 5–15% in the regions. Symptoms were characterized as angular to irregular, initially water soaked later brown to dark black spots. Spots often limited by veins which were visible from both adaxial and abaxial sides of leaves but were not present on stems. Fluorescent bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from typical leaf spots. Biochemical tests, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, molecular, pathogenicity tests and sequence of 16S ribosomal DNA of bacterial isolates were performed to identify possible causal disease agent. The causal disease agent was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular, pathogenicity tests and sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot on parsley caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii in Turkey.
Xylem cavitation resistance can be estimated based on time‐dependent rate of acoustic emissions
Authors: Nolf Markus , Beikircher Barbara , Rosner Sabine , Nolf Anton , Mayr Stefan 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Acoustic emission (AE) analysis allows nondestructive monitoring of embolism formation in plant xylem, but signal interpretation and agreement of acoustically measured hydraulic vulnerability with reference hydraulic techniques remain under debate.

We compared the hydraulic vulnerability of 16 species and three crop tree cultivars using hydraulic flow measurements and acoustic emission monitoring, proposing the use of time‐dependent AE rates as a novel parameter for AE analysis.

There was a linear correlation between the water potential (Ψ) at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) and the Ψ at maximum AE activity (Pmaxrate), where species with lower P50 also had lower Pmaxrate (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.76).

Using AE rates instead of cumulative counts for AE analysis allows more efficient estimation of P50, while excluding problematic AE at late stages of dehydration.
Effects of IL6 C‐634G polymorphism on tooth loss and their interaction with smoking habits
Authors: Suma S , Naito M , Wakai K , Sasakabe T , Hattori Y , Okada R , Kawai S , Hishida A , Morita E , Nakagawa H , Tamura T , Hamajima N 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the association between an IL6 (Interleukin‐6) polymorphism (C‐634G or rs1800796) and tooth loss, and an interaction between the polymorphism and smoking habits for the loss.Material and MethodsOur subjects were 4917 check‐up examinees ages 35–69. They reported tooth loss and lifestyle in a questionnaire. We regressed the number of teeth on the IL6 genotype, gender, age, smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, physical activity, energy intake, education, and brushing. We further estimated multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having <20 teeth.ResultsParticipants with a GG genotype tended to have less teeth than those with CC; β = −0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.501–−0.096). Subjects with a GG genotype were more likely to have <20 teeth than those with CC; OR was 1.56 (95% CI = 1.08–2.25). Association between current smoking and tooth loss was stronger among those with GG than among those with CC. In a multiple regression analysis, a significant interaction was found between GG genotype and current smoking in the prediction of tooth loss (P = 0.018).ConclusionThe IL6 C‐634G polymorphism was significantly associated with tooth loss. Our results suggest greater effects of smoking on tooth loss in GG genotype individuals.
Balancing the risks of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation: a twig scale analysis in declining Scots pine
Authors: Salmon Yann , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Poyatos Rafael , Martinez‐Vilalta Jordi , Meir Patrick , Cochard Hervé , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnderstanding physiological processes involved in drought‐induced mortality is important for predicting the future of forests and for modelling the carbon and water cycles. Recent research has highlighted the variable risks of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure in drought‐exposed trees. However, little is known about the specific responses of leaves and supporting twigs, despite their critical role in balancing carbon acquisition and water loss. Comparing healthy (non‐defoliated) and unhealthy (defoliated) Scots pine at the same site, we measured the physiological variables involved in regulating carbon and water resources. Defoliated trees showed different responses to summer drought compared with non‐defoliated trees. Defoliated trees maintained gas exchange while non‐defoliated trees reduced photosynthesis and transpiration during the drought period. At the branch scale, very few differences were observed in non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations between health classes. However, defoliated trees tended to have lower water potentials and smaller hydraulic safety margins. While non‐defoliated trees showed a typical response to drought for an isohydric species, the physiology appears to be driven in defoliated trees by the need to maintain carbon resources in twigs. These responses put defoliated trees at higher risk of branch hydraulic failure and help explain the interaction between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure in dying trees.
Manipulation of the hypocotyl sink activity by reciprocal grafting of two Raphanus sativus varieties: its effects on morphological and physiological traits of source leaves and whole‐plant growth
Authors: Sugiura Daisuke , Betsuyaku Eriko , Terashima Ichiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo reveal whether hypocotyl sink activities are regulated by the aboveground parts, and whether physiology and morphology of source leaves are affected by the hypocotyl sink activities, we conducted grafting experiments using two Raphanus sativus varieties with different hypocotyl sink activities. Comet (C) and Leafy (L) varieties with high and low hypocotyl sink activities were reciprocally grafted and resultant plants were called by their scion and stock such as CC, LC, CL and LL. Growth, leaf mass per area (LMA), total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNCs) and photosynthetic characteristics were compared among them. Comet hypocotyls in CC and LC grew well regardless of the scions, whereas Leafy hypocotyls in CL and LL did not. Relative growth rate was highest in LL and lowest in CC. Photosynthetic capacity was correlated with Rubisco (ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) content but unaffected by TNC. High C/N ratio and accumulation of TNC led to high LMA and structural LMA. These results showed that the hypocotyl sink activity was autonomously regulated by hypocotyl and that the down‐regulation of photosynthesis was not induced by TNC. We conclude that the change in the sink activity alters whole‐plant growth through the changes in both biomass allocation and leaf morphological characteristics in R. sativus.
Collagenous gastroduodenitis with recurrent gastric ulcer in 12‐year‐old girl
Authors: Koide Tatsuo , Mochizuki Takahiro , Kawai Naoki , Yashiro Kenta , Inoue Takeshi , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Nishigaki Toshinori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis report describes a rare case of collagenous gastroduodenitis found in a 12‐year‐old Japanese girl who had recurrent hematemesis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed many lotus leaf‐like lesions on the gastric mucosa surrounded by atrophic gastric mucosa in the antrum, with a cobblestone appearance and a scarred duodenal ulcer in the duodenal bulb. A biopsy of the gastric mucosa indicated subepithelial collagen band. The patient was treated with H2‐blockers for her symptoms for 4 years following the endoscopic findings. Follow‐up endoscopy showed the same appearance as before. The pathology, however, showed a more prominent subepithelial collagen deposition. To make the correct diagnosis, it is critical to know from which part the pathological biopsy specimens were taken because there were numerous collagen bands in the atrophic membrane. It is important to monitor the patient regularly for evaluation of the etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of this rare disease.
Detection and quantification of Fusarium commune in host tissue and infested soil using real‐time PCR
Authors: Zhu Z. X. , Zheng L. , Hsiang T. , Yang G. L. , Zhao D. L. , Lv B. , Chen Y. F. , Huang J. B. 
Published: May 2015

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium commune is a major limiting factor for Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) production in China. A SYBR Green I real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed based on the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA of F. commune. Assay specificity of the FO1/FO2 primer set was tested on 41 fungal isolates, and only a single PCR band of c. 178 bp from F. commune was amplified. The detection limits of the assay were 1 fg μL−1 pure F. commune genomic DNA, 1 pg μL−1 F. commune genomic DNA mixed with host plant genomic DNA (0·5 ng μL−1), and 1000 conidia/g soil (artificially inoculated). The amount of F. commune DNA in stem tissues detected by qPCR was significantly correlated with the disease severity (DS) ratings; however, the qPCR assay showed no significant positive correlation between spore densities in soil of different fusarium wilt DS groupings and the DS ratings. The qPCR assay was further applied to 76 soil samples collected from commercial fields of E. dulcis during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The spore density of F. commune detected was positively correlated with disease index in the 2012 growing season but not in 2011. The qPCR method can be used for rapid and specific detection of F. commune in plant and soil samples, which will facilitate monitoring of the pathogen and improvement of disease management.
The Crime of Self‐Solicitation
Authors: Sachs Benjamin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractI hold that we could justifiably criminalize some threats, on account of the fact that issuing them renders one more likely to commit a crime. ButIalso point out that if we criminalize some threat‐issuing, we willde factocriminalize some warning‐issuing, which is unjust. So we ought not to criminalize any threat‐issuing. Instead, we should criminalize (roughly) rendering oneself more likely to commit a crime. This would allow us to punish all the threat‐issuers we should want to punish. It would also force us to punish some warning‐issuers, but we would not be punishing themfor their warning‐issuing.
Of Tribunes and Tyrants:Machiavelli's Legal and Extra‐Legal Modes for Controlling Elites
Authors: McCormick John P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis essay examines the two means by which Machiavelli thought republics could address the political problem of predatory socio‐economic elites: Healthy republics, he proposes explicitly, should consistently check the “insolence of the nobles” by establishing constitutional offices like the Roman tribunes of the plebeians; corrupt republics, he suggests more subtly, should completely eliminate overweening oligarchs via the violent actions of a tyrannical individual. Roman‐styled tribunes, wielding veto, legislative and accusatory authority, contain the oppressive behavior of socio‐economic elites during normal republican circumstances. By contrast, having overthrown a republic grown corrupt through oligarchic encroachment on the commonweal, Machiavelli suggests that Greek‐styled tyrants lay the foundation for a more robust—that is, more egalitarian and martial—republic down the road by eliminating elites entirely and by instituting economic redistribution and military reforms.