bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of flow control by boundary‐layer manipulation using 2D frequency response
Authors: Ratnayake Pesila , Setiawan Ridwan , Bao Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFlow control is the manipulation of fluid flow into a desired behaviour with the purpose to either enhance mixing or suppress turbulence. However, because all flow systems are essentially distributed parameter systems, which are often described as partial differential equations, systematic analysis of the effectiveness and control design of the flow control is often difficult to perform. Oscillatory flows have the potential to enhance mixing by providing high‐amplitude shear oscillations. For example, oscillating electro‐osmotic flow caused by an externally induced electric field can be applied to membrane systems to reduce polarisation or fouling. Therefore, an approach that can model and analyse the relationship between oscillatory flows and the resulting mixing enhancement is needed. This paper proposes an approach that systematically analyses the effects of external inputs, which vary in both spatial and temporal directions, on the mixing enhancement in channel flows. A two‐dimensional (2D) frequency response is obtained from the reduced‐order model of the Navier–Stokes equations. The 2D frequency response describes the system behaviour at different frequencies and wavenumber. The analysis results are useful for system and control design, e.g. in identifying the locations to install actuators and sensors, which is often very difficult for distributed parameter systems. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Fluoropolymer Microtubes via RAFT Copolymerization of N,N′‐Methylene Bisacrylamide Gel Fibers and Fluoromonomer
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Yi , Tang Liming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFluoropolymer microtubes with a smooth surface were fabricated in more than 70 % yield via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) co‐polymerization of N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) gel fibers as both template and monomer, 2‐(perfluoro‐3‐methylbutyl)ethyl acrylate (R‐3420) as co‐monomer, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PET4A) as cross‐linker. The resulting fluoropolymer microtubes were characterized fully by SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, and FT‐IR. The influence of the monomer composition on the yields and morphologies of the tubes were investigated in detail. The results indicated that polymer microtubes with a smooth surface were obtained at suitable amounts of R‐3420 and PET4A. Because of the decreased solubility of MBA gel fibers, the wall thickness increased as more R‐3420 was used. In the presence of PET4A, the solution polymerization could be facilitated and more R‐3420 could be attached onto the tubes based on FT‐IR analysis. The water contact angle and swelling ratio measurements both revealed the low hydrophilicity and high lipophilicity of the fluoropolymer microtubes, which made the sample able to absorb toluene selectively in a water/toluene two‐phase system.
Direct Synthesis of Porous Nanorod‐Type Graphitic Carbon Nitride/CuO Composite from Cu–Melamine Supramolecular Framework towards Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Jiangpeng , Xu Hui , Qian Xuefeng , Dong Yingying , Gao Junkuo , Qian Guodong , Yao Juming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFacile and direct synthesis of porous nanorod‐type graphitic carbon nitride/CuO composite (CuO‐g‐C3N4) has been achieved by using a Cu–melamine supramolecular framework as a precursor. The CuO‐g‐C3N4 nanocomposite demonstrated improved visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic activities. The results indicate that metal–melamine supramolecular frameworks can be promising precursors for the preparation of efficient g‐C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalysts.
Expression of anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) in Spirodela punctata plants transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Balaji Parthasarathy , Satheeshkumar P. K. , Venkataraman Krishnan , Vijayalakshmi M. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTherapeutic antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) have been considered effective for some of the autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's diseases, and so on. But associated limitations of the current therapeutics in terms of cost, availability, and immunogenicity have necessitated the need for alternative candidates. Single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) can negate the limitations tagged with the anti‐TNFα therapeutics to a greater extent. In the present study, Spirodela punctata plants were transformed with anti‐TNFα through in planta transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, EHA105. Instead of cefotaxime, garlic extract (1 mg/mL) was used to remove the agrobacterial cells after cocultivation. To the best of our knowledge, this report shows for the first time the application of plant extracts in transgenic plant development. 95% of the plants survived screening under hygromycin. ScFv cDNA integration in the plant genomic DNA was confirmed at the molecular level by PCR. The transgenic protein expression was followed up to 10 months. Expression of scFv was confirmed by immunodot blot. Protein expression levels of up to 6.3% of total soluble protein were observed. β‐Glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein expressions were also detected in the antibiotic resistant plants. The paper shows the generation of transgenic Spirodela punctuata plants through in planta transformation.
Intelligence, Executive Functions, and Decision Making as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sample of Justice‐Involved Youth and a Community Comparison Group
Authors: Sorge Geoff Brian , Skilling Tracey A. , Toplak Maggie E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA clinical sample of justice‐involved male adolescents and a community comparison group were compared on a battery of cognitive ability tasks (intelligence and executive functions), decision making measures, and other individual difference measures, including ratings of self‐control, recognition of morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs. The clinical sample displayed lower performance on cognitive abilities and decision making than the community comparison group. In particular, the clinical group displayed less otherside thinking and more hostile attribution biases in unintentional situations compared with the community comparison group. Cognitive abilities and the decision making performance predicted group membership. Then, group membership, ratings of self‐control, attitudes about morally debatable behaviors, and antisocial beliefs predicted ratings of antisocial behavior in the full sample. These findings suggest that measures of cognitive ability and decision making make separate contributions to explaining antisocial behaviors. In addition, the predictors of group membership and antisocial behavior did not overlap, suggesting that antisocial behavior engagement in clinical samples may be separable from the continuum of antisocial behavior across the full sample. Cognitive science models of decision making can provide a framework for understanding antisocial behavior in clinical and community samples of adolescents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validated spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of carbamazepine in pharmaceutical dosage forms after reaction with 4‐chloro‐7‐‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl)
Authors: Walash Mohammed I. , El‐Enany Nahed , Askar Hanany 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the anti‐epileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) in its dosage forms. The method was based on a nucleophilic substitution reaction of CBZ with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐ oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl) in borate buffer (pH 9) to form a highly fluorescent derivative that was measured at 530 nm after excitation at 460 nm. Factors affecting the formation of the reaction product were studied and optimized, and the reaction mechanism was postulated. The fluorescence–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 0.6–8 µg/mL with limit of detection of 0.06 µg/mL and limit of quantitation of 0.19 µg/mL. The method was applied to the analysis of commercial tablets and the results were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference method. Validation of the analytical procedures was evaluated according to ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Dy3+ or Eu2+ co‐activator on a BaCa(SO4)2:Ce3+ mixed alkaline earth sulfate phosphor
Authors: Kongre V. C. , Gedam S. C. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe individual emission and energy transfer between Ce3+ and Eu2+ or Dy3+ in BaCa(SO4)2 mixed alkaline earth sulfate phosphor prepared using a co‐precipitation method is described. The phosphor was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) studies and doped by Ce;Eu and Dy rare earths. All phosphors showed excellent blue–orange emission on excitation with UV light. PL measurements reveal that the emission intensity of Eu2+ or Dy3+ dopants is greater than when they are co‐doped with Ce3+. An efficient Ce3+ → Eu2+ [2T2g(4f65d) → 8S7/2(4f7)] and Ce3+ → Dy3+ (4 F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4 F9/2 → 6H13/2) energy transfer takes place in the BaCa(SO4)2 host. A strong blue emission peak was observed at 462 nm for Eu2+ ions and an orange emission peak at 574 nm for Dy3+ ions. Hence, this phosphor may be used as a lamp phosphor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein design: Past, present, and future
Authors: Regan Lynne , Caballero Diego , Hinrichsen Michael R. , Virrueta Alejandro , Williams Danielle M. , O'Hern Corey S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBuilding on the pioneering work of Ho and DeGrado (J Am Chem Soc 1987, 109, 6751–6758) in the late 1980s, protein design approaches have revealed many fundamental features of protein structure and stability. We are now in the era that the early work presaged – the design of new proteins with practical applications and uses. Here we briefly survey some past milestones in protein design, in addition to highlighting recent progress and future aspirations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 334–350, 2015.
KDM1 class flavin‐dependent protein lysine demethylases
Authors: Burg Jonathan M. , Link Jennifer E. , Morgan Brittany S. , Heller Frederick J. , Hargrove Amanda E. , McCafferty Dewey G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFlavin‐dependent, lysine‐specific protein demethylases (KDM1s) are a subfamily of amine oxidases that catalyze the selective posttranslational oxidative demethylation of methyllysine side chains within protein and peptide substrates. KDM1s participate in the widespread epigenetic regulation of both normal and disease state transcriptional programs. Their activities are central to various cellular functions, such as hematopoietic and neuronal differentiation, cancer proliferation and metastasis, and viral lytic replication and establishment of latency. Interestingly, KDM1s function as catalytic subunits within complexes with coregulatory molecules that modulate enzymatic activity of the demethylases and coordinate their access to specific substrates at distinct sites within the cell and chromatin. Although several classes of KDM1‐selective small molecule inhibitors have been recently developed, these pan‐active site inhibition strategies lack the ability to selectively discriminate between KDM1 activity in specific, and occasionally opposing, functional contexts within these complexes. Here we review the discovery of this class of demethylases, their structures, chemical mechanisms, and specificity. Additionally, we review inhibition of this class of enzymes as well as emerging interactions with coregulatory molecules that regulate demethylase activity in highly specific functional contexts of biological and potential therapeutic importance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 213–246, 2015.
Empirical estimation of local dielectric constants: Toward atomistic design of collagen mimetic peptides
Authors: Pike Douglas H. , Nanda Vikas 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTOne of the key challenges in modeling protein energetics is the treatment of solvent interactions. This is particularly important in the case of peptides, where much of the molecule is highly exposed to solvent due to its small size. In this study, we develop an empirical method for estimating the local dielectric constant based on an additive model of atomic polarizabilities. Calculated values match reported apparent dielectric constants for a series of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease mutants. Calculated constants are used to determine screening effects on Coulombic interactions and to determine solvation contributions based on a modified Generalized Born model. These terms are incorporated into the protein modeling platform protCAD, and benchmarked on a data set of collagen mimetic peptides for which experimentally determined stabilities are available. Computing local dielectric constants using atomistic protein models and the assumption of additive atomic polarizabilities is a rapid and potentially useful method for improving electrostatics and solvation calculations that can be applied in the computational design of peptides. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 360–370, 2015.
Molecular investigation of the interaction between ionic liquid type gemini surfactant and lysozyme: A spectroscopic and computational approach
Authors: Maurya Jitendra Kumar , Mir Muzaffar Ul Hassan , Singh Upendra Kumar , Maurya Neha , Dohare Neeraj , Patel Seema , Ali Anwar , Patel Rajan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHerein, we are reporting the interaction of ionic liquid type gemini surfactant, 1,4‐bis(3‐dodecylimidazolium‐1‐yl) butane bromide ([C12−4‐C12im]Br2) with lysozyme by using Steady state fluorescence, UV‐visible, Time resolved fluorescence, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy techniques in combination with molecular modeling and docking method. The steady state fluorescence spectra suggested that the fluorescence of lysozyme was quenched by [C12−4‐C12im]Br2 through static quenching mechanism as confirmed by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding constant for lysozyme‐[C12−4‐C12im]Br2 interaction have been measured by UV‐visible spectroscopy and found to be 2.541 × 105M−1. The FT‐IR results show conformational changes in the secondary structure of lysozyme by the addition of [C12−4‐C12im]Br2. Moreover, the molecular docking study suggested that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions play a key role in the protein‐surfactant binding. Additionally, the molecular dynamic simulation results revealed that the lysozyme‐[C12−4‐C12im]Br2 complex reaches an equilibrium state at around 3 ns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 406–415, 2015.
Reduction of invasive bacteria in ethanol fermentations using bacteriophages
Authors: Worley‐Morse Thomas O. , Deshusses Marc A. , Gunsch Claudia K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTInvasive Lactobacillus bacteria inhibit ethanol fermentations and reduce final product yields. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of Lactobacillus spp., alternative disinfection strategies are needed for ethanol fermentations. The feasibility of using the bacteriophage (phage) 8014‐B2 to control Lactobacillus plantarum in ethanol fermentations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. In 48 h media‐based shake flask fermentations, phages achieved greater than 3‐log inactivation of L. plantarum, protected final ethanol yields, and maintained yeast viability. The phage‐based bacterial disinfection rates depended on both the initial phage and bacterial concentrations. Furthermore, a simple set of kinetic equations was used to model the yeast, bacteria, phage, reducing sugars, and ethanol concentrations over the course of 48 h, and the various kinetic parameters were determined. Taken together, these results demonstrate the applicability of phages to reduce L. plantarum contamination and to protect final product yields in media‐based fermentations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1544–1553. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time‐resolved biofilm deformation measurements using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Blauert Florian , Horn Harald , Wagner Michael 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe interaction of shear stress with the biofilm leads to a dynamic deformation, which is related to the structural and material characteristics of biofilms. We show how optical coherence tomography can be used as an imaging technique to investigate the time‐resolved deformation on the biofilm mesoscale as well as to estimate mechanical properties of the biofilm. For the first time time‐resolved deformation from cross‐sectional views of the inner biofilm structure could be shown. Changes in the biofilm structure and rheological properties were calculated from cross sections in real‐time and time‐lapsed measurements. Heterotrophic biofilms were grown in a flow cell set‐up at low shear stress of τw = 0.01 Pa. By applying higher shear stress elastic and viscoelastic behavior of biofilms were quantified. Deformation led to a change in biofilm conformation and allowed to estimate rheological properties. Assuming an ideal wall shear stress calculation, the shear modulus G = 29.7 ± 1.7 Pa and the Young's modulus E = 36.0 ± 2.6 Pa were estimated. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1893–1905. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial design and physical characterization of a polymeric device for osmosis‐driven delayed burst delivery of vaccines
Authors: Melchels Ferry P.W. , Fehr Ingo , Reitz Annika S. , Dunker Urip , Beagley Kenneth W. , Dargaville Tim R. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAchieving the combination of delayed and immediate release of a vaccine from a delivery device without applying external triggers remains elusive in implementing single administration vaccination strategies. Here a means of vaccine delivery is presented, which exploits osmosis to trigger delayed burst release of an active compound. Poly(ε‐caprolactone) capsules of 2 mm diameter were prepared by dip‐coating, and their burst pressure and release characteristics were evaluated. Burst pressures (in bar) increased with wall thickness (t in mm) following Pburst = 131.t + 3.4 (R2 = 0.93). Upon immersion in PBS, glucose solution‐filled capsules burst after 8.7 ± 2.9 days. Copolymers of hydrophobic ε ‐caprolactone and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol were synthesized and their physico–chemical properties were assessed. With increasing hydrophilic content, the copolymer capsules showed increased water uptake rates and maximum weight increase, while the burst release was earlier: 5.6 ± 2.0 days and 1.9 ± 0.2 days for 5 and 10 wt% polyethylene glycol, respectively. The presented approach enables the reproducible preparation of capsules with high versatility in materials and properties, while these vaccine delivery vehicles can be prepared separately from, and independently of the active compound. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1927–1935. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized multicentre feasibility trial of intermediate care versus standard ward care after emergency abdominal surgery (InCare trial)
Authors: Vester-Andersen M , Waldau T , Wetterslev J , Møller M H , Rosenberg J , Jørgensen L N , Jakobsen J C , Møller A M ,   InCare trial group, Gillesberg I E , Jakobsen H L , Hansen E G , Poulsen L M , Skovdal J , Søgaard E K , Bestle M , Vilandt J , Rosenberg I , Itenov T S , Pedersen J , Madsen M R , Maschmann C , Rasmussen M , Jessen C , Bugge L 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Emergency abdominal surgery carries a considerable risk of death and postoperative complications. Early detection and timely management of complications may reduce mortality. The aim was to evaluate the effect and feasibility of intermediate care compared with standard ward care in patients who had emergency abdominal surgery.

Methods
This was a randomized clinical trial carried out in seven Danish hospitals. Eligible for inclusion were patients with an Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of at least 10 who were ready to be transferred to the surgical ward within 24 h of emergency abdominal surgery. Participants were randomized to either intermediate care or standard surgical ward care after surgery. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.

Results
In total, 286 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The trial was terminated after the interim analysis owing to slow recruitment and a lower than expected mortality rate. Eleven (7·6 per cent) of 144 patients assigned to intermediate care and 12 (8·5 per cent) of 142 patients assigned to ward care died within 30 days of surgery (odds ratio 0·91, 95 per cent c.i. 0·38 to 2·16; P = 0·828). Thirty (20·8 per cent) of 144 patients assigned to intermediate care and 37 (26·1 per cent) of 142 assigned to ward care died within the total observation period (hazard ratio 0·78, 95 per cent c.i. 0·48 to 1·26; P = 0·310).

Conclusion
Postoperative intermediate care had no statistically significant effect on 30-day mortality after emergency abdominal surgery, nor any effect on secondary outcomes. The trial was stopped prematurely owing to slow recruitment and a much lower than expected mortality rate among the enrolled patients. Registration number: NCT01209663 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Surgical management of patients with colorectal cancer and simultaneous liver and lung metastases
Authors: Andres A , Mentha G , Adam R , Gerstel E , Skipenko O G , Barroso E , Lopez-Ben S , Hubert C , Majno P E , Toso C 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
The management of patients with colorectal cancer and simultaneously diagnosed liver and lung metastases (SLLM) remains controversial.

Methods
The LiverMetSurvey registry was interrogated for patients treated between 2000 and 2012 to assess outcomes after resection of SLLM, and the factors associated with survival. SLLM was defined as liver and lung metastases diagnosed 3 months or less apart. Survival was compared between patients with resected isolated liver metastases (group 1, control), those with resected liver and lung metastases (group 2), and patients with resected liver metastases and unresected (or unresectable) lung metastases (group 3). An Akaike test was used to select variables for assessment of survival adjusted for confounding variables.

Results
Group 1 (isolated liver metastases, hepatic resection alone) included 9185 patients, group 2 (resection of liver and lung metastases) 149 patients, and group 3 (resection of liver metastases, no resection of lung metastases) 285 patients. Ten variables differed significantly between groups and seven were included in the model for adjusted survival (age, number of liver metastases, synchronicity of liver metastases with primary tumour, carcinoembryonic antigen level, node status of the primary tumour, initial resectability of liver metastases and inclusion in group 3). Adjusted overall 5-year survival was similar for groups 1 and 2 (51·5 and 44·5 per cent respectively), but worse for group 3 (14·3 per cent) (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Patients who had resection of liver and lung metastases had similar overall survival to those who had undergone removal of isolated liver metastases.