bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Características climáticas y balance hídrico de la lima ácida Tahití (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) en cinco localidades productoras de Colombia
Authors: Hernández A. David Ricardo , Mateus C. Diana , Orduz Rodríguez Javier Orlando 
Published: March 2015

<p>La lima ácida Tahití se cultiva desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1.200 msnm lo que genera variabilidad en las condiciones ecológicas que influyen sobre el potencial del cultivo. Con el propósito de identificar qué factores climáticos pueden condicionar el comportamiento productivo, la calidad del fruto y el destino del mercado, se inició el estudio en cinco localidades productoras del país: Santander (Lebrija), Piedemonte del Meta (C.I. La Libertad), valle alto del Magdalena (C.I. Nataima), Valle del Cauca (C.I. Palmira) y Caribe seco (C.I Caribia). La información climática se obtuvo de la base de datos multianual del Ideam, se realizó el balance hídrico y se determinó periodos de excesos y déficit hídricos, se calcularon las unidades de calor acumuladas (UC) y la variación diaria de la temperatura en los meses de mayor y menor precipitación. Se encontró que las marcadas diferencias climáticas pueden afectar las características de calidad de las frutas. Las zonas con las temperaturas medias más altas y los niveles más elevados de evaporación y evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) se obtuvieron en el Caribe seco (C.I. Caribia) y Tolima (C.I. Nataima). Esta última región presentó una mayor variación en el delta diario de temperatura y valor más elevado de acumulación de UC. La localidad con la menor temperatura media fue Lebrija, presentó la menor variación en el delta diario de temperatura y el valor más bajo de acumulación de UC. La información climática sugiere la implementación de riego en C.I. Caribia, C.I. Nataima, C.I. Palmira.</p>
Etileno y retardantes de la maduración en la poscosecha de productos agrícolas. Una revisión
Authors: Balaguera-López Helber Enrique , Salamanca-Gutiérrez Fredy Alexander , García Juan Camilo , Herrera-Árevalo Aníbal 
Published: March 2015

<p>El etileno es la hormona vegetal responsable de regular diferentes procesos durante la maduración de productos agrícolas, llevando a procesos de senescencia y finalmente, pérdida de valor nutricional y comercial. A través del tiempo se han desarrollado diversos retardantes químicos de la maduración para disminuir los efectos negativos del etileno en la poscosecha, los cuales actúan en las etapas de biosíntesis (aminoetoxi-vinil-glicina (AVG) y ácido aminooxiacético (AOA), acción/señalización (1-MCP)) y sales de plata como nitrato y tiosulfato de plata (STS) y compuestos que oxidan al etileno de la atmósfera (permanganato de potasio (KMnO4)). En esta revisión se describen las características principales de cada uno de los retardantes de madurez mencionados, además, se analiza con estudios científicos, el efecto que tienen estos retardantes sobre los cambios moleculares, fisiológicos, químicos y físicos durante la poscosecha de frutos, hortalizas y especies ornamentales.</p>
Effect of Fluoxetine on Periodontal Status in Patients With Depression: A Cross‐Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Bhatia Anu , Sharma Rajinder K. , Tewari Shikha , Khurana Hitesh , Narula Satish C. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to reduce periodontal disease severity in a rat ligature‐induced periodontitis model. The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of fluoxetine intake on periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis with clinical depression.Methods: A sample of 236 patients with chronic periodontitis and clinical depression were assessed for clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Of these, 115 patients were taking fluoxetine (20 mg/day) for ≥2 months, and 121 patients were not. Participants taking fluoxetine were further analyzed for correlation between duration of drug intake and periodontal parameters.Results: All periodontal parameters, except plaque index, were significantly lower in participants taking fluoxetine (P <0.01). Partial correlation analysis, adjusted for confounders, revealed a significant and negative correlation between duration of fluoxetine intake and attachment loss (AL) (R2 = −0.321, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that fluoxetine intake was associated with a lower risk of having AL ≥3 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31 to 0.96) and lower odds of increased bleeding on probing (BOP) percentage values (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.97).Conclusion: In this observational study, use of fluoxetine was associated with lower BOP percentages and reduced AL.
Selective Insulin Resistance in Homeostatic and Cognitive Control Brain Areas in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Kullmann Stephanie , Heni Martin , Veit Ralf , Scheffler Klaus , Machann Jürgen , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas , Preissl Hubert 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
Impaired brain insulin action has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the central nervous effects of insulin in obese humans still remain ill defined, and no study thus far has evaluated the specific brain areas affected by insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 25 healthy lean and 23 overweight/obese participants, we performed magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and 15 and 30 min after application of intranasal insulin or placebo. Additionally, participants explicitly rated pictures of high-caloric savory and sweet food 60 min after the spray for wanting and liking.

RESULTS
In response to insulin compared with placebo, we found a significant CBF decrease in the hypothalamus in both lean and overweight/obese participants. The magnitude of this response correlated with visceral adipose tissue independent of other fat compartments. Furthermore, we observed a differential response in the lean compared with the overweight/obese group in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in an insulin-induced CBF reduction in lean participants only. This prefrontal cortex response significantly correlated with peripheral insulin sensitivity and eating behavior measures such as disinhibition and food craving. Behaviorally, we were able to observe a significant reduction for the wanting of sweet foods after insulin application in lean men only.

CONCLUSIONS
Brain insulin action was selectively impaired in the prefrontal cortex in overweight and obese adults and in the hypothalamus in participants with high visceral adipose tissue, potentially promoting an altered homeostatic set point and reduced inhibitory control contributing to overeating behavior.
Small Nerve Fiber Quantification in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: Comparing Corneal Confocal Microscopy With Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density
Authors: Chen Xin , Graham Jim , Dabbah Mohammad A. , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Ponirakis Georgios , Asghar Omar , Alam Uazman , Marshall Andrew , Fadavi Hassan , Ferdousi Maryam , Azmi Shazli , Tavakoli Mitra , Efron Nathan , Jeziorska Maria , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
Quantitative assessment of small fiber damage is key to the early diagnosis and assessment of progression or regression of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) is the current gold standard, but corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an in vivo ophthalmic imaging modality, has the potential to be a noninvasive and objective image biomarker for identifying small fiber damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of CCM and IENFD by using the current guidelines as the reference standard.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty-nine subjects (26 control subjects and 63 patients with type 1 diabetes), with and without DSPN, underwent a detailed assessment of neuropathy, including CCM and skin biopsy.

RESULTS
Manual and automated corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P &lt; 0.0001), branch density (CNBD) (P &lt; 0.0001) and length (CNFL) (P &lt; 0.0001), and IENFD (P &lt; 0.001) were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes with DSPN compared with control subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying DSPN was 0.82 for manual CNFD, 0.80 for automated CNFD, and 0.66 for IENFD, which did not differ significantly (P = 0.14).

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows comparable diagnostic efficiency between CCM and IENFD, providing further support for the clinical utility of CCM as a surrogate end point for DSPN.
Influence of Organic Manures (Biofertilizers) on Soil Microbial Population in the Rhizosphere of Mulberry (Morus Indica L.)
Authors: Louis Mary L. Christilda , Sujatha R. , Chozhaa A. J. , Navas P. Mohideen Askar 
Published: March 2015

The effect of different kinds of organic manures on soil microbial population and mulberry production was assessed. A field experiment wascarried out at Periyar EVR College, Tamil Nadu, India in basic soil to study the influence of organic manures on soil bacterial population andmulberry production. The 4 groups of mulberry plants of MR2 variety were biofertilized with FYM, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria andVermicompost respectively. The biofertilizers lodged bacteria on the rhizosphere of mulberry plants. When the root microorganism areanalyzed Farm yard manure biofertilized mulberry plant root tips had Gluconacobacter diazotrophicus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas putida,Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus sonorensis, Azotobacter chrococcum; Azospirillum biofertilized mulberry plants root tips had Bacillus coaculans,Azotobactor chrococcum, Azotobactor vinelandii, Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense. Phosphobacteria biofertilized mulberry plantroot tips had Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus borslelansis and Streptomycies thermonitrificans andvermicompost biofertilized mulberry plant root tips had lodged bacterias like Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Gluconacobacterdiazotrophicus, Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chrococcum, Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus borslelansisand Bacillus sonorensis. Microbiology work reveals luxuriant growth of bacteria in all the biofertizer treated rhizosphere in the order FYM <Azospirillum < Phosphobacteria < Vermicompost. Increased availability of NPK and other micronutrients were noticed in T4 treated plantscompared to other treatments.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12137 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 61-66
Prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected patients presenting with diarrhea and their association with CD4+ Counts
Authors: Singh Desh D , Singh Vinod 
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been an important problem in HIV patients, worldwide. Hence, this study was undertaken toestablish the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people with and without HIV infection and its association with diarrhea andCD4 T-cell count. we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in peopleinfected with HIV. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 1490 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count wasconducted. Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 29.25 to 38.25). In univariate investigation, age, sex,longer time because diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL, diarrhoea, wedded status, and individual under tuberculosis (TB)treatment were drastically related with increased chances of intestinal parasite infection. Nevertheless, in the logistic malfunctionrepresentation, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL (accustomed OR=6.3, 95% CI 3.75 to 10.5), diarrhoea (accustomed OR=4.2,95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) and individual under TB cure (adjusted OR=4.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) remain as significant predictors. Onstratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ μL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. Theparasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/μL. Conclusions: HIV infectionincreased the risk of having intestinal parasites and diarrhoea. Therefore, raising HIV positive’s immune status and screening for intestinalparasites is important. This study showed that Immunodeficiency increased the risk of having opportunistic parasites and diarrhea. Therefore;raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12203 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 96-100
Die Miniaturen zweier Exultet-Rollen : London, Add 30337 and VAT, Barb. lat. 592
Authors: Baldass Peter 
Published: March 2015

RESUME : Beide Werke, die Rolle in London und die Fragmente bei Barberini sind, wie Analyse und Einordnung der Miniaturen und Initialen ergeben, in reif- bzw. spâtdesiderianischer Zeit auf Montecassino entstanden. Das Werk in London diirfte ein wenig alter sein (umA. D. 1072) (1) als das barberinische Rotulus-Fragment, das man ins letzte Viertel des 11. Jh. zu datieren hat. Beide Werke sind, wie der Stilunterschied beweist, in zwei verschiedenen Ateliers desselben Klosters etwa gleichzeitig entstanden.
Im nàchsten Band des Scriptorium (1954/2) werde ich versuchen, den ,,Ursprung der Exultetillustration" aufzuzeigen und die Frage nach dem Prototyp der, vermittelt oder direkt, den beiden hier besprechenen montecassinensischen Exultetillustrationen zugrunde gelegen hat, behan- deln.
Interaction intimacy of pathogens and herbivores with their host plants influences the topological structure of ecological networks in different ways
Authors: Benítez‐Malvido Julieta , Dáttilo Wesley 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Over the past two decades an interest in the role that plant–animal mutualistic networks play in the organization and dynamic of biodiversity has steadily risen. Despite the ecological, evolutionary, and economic importance of plant–herbivore and plant–pathogen antagonistic relationships, however, few studies have examined these interactions in an ecological network framework.• Methods: We describe for the first time the topological structure of multitrophic networks involving congeneric tropical plant species of the genus Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, Zingiberales) and their herbivores and pathogens in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We based our study on the available literature describing the organisms (e.g., insects, mites, fungi, and bacteria) that attack 24 different species, hybrids, and cultivated varieties of Heliconia.• Key results: In general, pathogen– and herbivore–Heliconia networks differed in their topological structure (more modular vs. more nested, respectively): pathogen–Heliconia networks were more specialized and compartmentalized than herbivore–Heliconia networks. High modularity was likely due to the high intimacy that pathogens have with their host plants as compared with the more generalized feeding modes and behavior of herbivores. Some clusters clearly reflected the clustering of closely related cultivated varieties of Heliconia sharing the same pathogens.• Conclusions: From a commercial standpoint, different varieties of the same Heliconia species may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of pathogens. In summary, our study highlights the importance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and pathogens in the tropics.
Apparent similarity, underlying homoplasy: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the North American clade of Manihot
Authors: Cervantes‐Alcayde María‐Angélica , Olson Mark E. , Olsen Kenneth M. , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Morphologically diverse clades are useful for detecting adaptive morphological evolution. Each of their variants may have evolved once or several times, suggesting that their repeated appearance may be due to environmental pressures. The North American Manihot species are an excellent system to detect possible adaptations and to assess the effect of mono‐ or polyphyly on classification. With 20 species, this group includes growth forms from tuberous herbs to trees. The monophyly of this group and its relationship with the economically important M. esculenta were tested for the first time with complete sampling of North American species.• Methods: We carried out maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses on a matrix of 3662 bp from chloroplast (psbA‐trnH, trnL‐trnF) and nuclear loci (PEPC and two paralogous copies of G3pdh). We included all North American Manihot species, Manihotoides pauciflora, and published sequences from 34 South American species.• Key results: Our results support monophyly of the North American Manihot group. Its taxonomic sections are paraphyletic, and three to four growth forms evolved repeatedly. Manihotoides pauciflora is nested within North American Manihot species. Some PEPC and G3pdh clones grouped with clones of other species and not with clones from their own species.• Conclusions: North and South American Manihot species are sister clades. Paraphyly of North American sections suggests that taxonomic revision is warranted. The position of Manihotoides pauciflora confirms that Manihotoides should remain subsumed within Manihot. Most growth forms likely evolved repeatedly in this group. The behavior of PEPC and G3pdhNA clones is probably due to incomplete lineage sorting.
Travailleurs étrangers, réfugiés syriens et marché du travail
Authors: Longuenesse Élisabeth 
Published: March 2015

En 2011, la moitié du million et demi d’actifs au Liban étaient des non Libanais, et parmi eux, de 300 à 400 000 syriens, employés principalement dans l’agriculture et le bâtiment, mais aussi dans les services, en particulier hôtellerie, restauration, souvent sur une base saisonnière. L’arrivée de centaines de milliers de réfugiés a complètement bouleversé la situation du marché du travail, aggravant la pression sur les salaires et les conditions de travail des catégories les plus vulnérables de travailleurs, libanais et non libanais. L’article s’interroge sur les implications de la fragmentation accrue du monde du travail qui en découle et la façon dont celle-ci s’inscrit dans la dynamique de mondialisation des marchés.
Les réfugiés de Syrie dans le camp de Chatila : conflits de légitimité et solidarités entre « nouveaux » et « anciens » réfugiés
Authors: Abou Zaki Hala C. 
Published: March 2015

Depuis le début des soulèvements en Syrie en mars 2011, des dizaines de milliers de Syriens et de Palestiniens de Syrie réfugiés au Liban, se sont installés dans les camps de réfugiés palestiniens. Le camp de Chatila, situé dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, accueillerait ainsi aujourd’hui près de 2250 Syriens et 2000 Palestiniens de Syrie. Ces « nouveaux » réfugiés sont arrivés dans un camp qui souffrait déjà d’une très forte densité d’habitants (avec plus de 13000 habitants pour une surface de moins d’un kilomètre carré) et de conditions de vie précaires tant au niveau de l’habitat que sur les plans socioéconomique et éducatif. Dans ce contexte, l’arrivée de nouveaux réfugiés a détérioré un peu plus la situation dans le camp et des conflits de légitimité sont apparus entre « anciens » et « nouveaux » réfugiés, notamment autour de l’habitat et des services dispensés par l’UNRWA et les ONG. Ces tensions se sont accompagnées, cependant, de manifestations réelles de solidarités. Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière l’impact et les enjeux de l’installation des Syriens et Palestiniens de Syrie dans le camp de Chatila.
La ville de Tripoli, marginalité ou dépérissement ?
Authors: Chahal Nahla 
Published: March 2015

La ville de Tripoli au Liban : foyer potentiel de « groupes terroristes » comme il est désormais convenu de le croire, ou du moins espace social ultra conservateur qui offre une base à un islam radical comme le pensent les observateurs « indulgents » ? Profil de la deuxième ville du pays, marginalisée politiquement et économiquement par la force de l’Histoire et la volonté d’établir un centralisme débridé dans ce petit pays si complexe, ces circonstances se sont greffées à une défaillance marquée de ses élites. Aperçu des conséquences sociales. Un cas d’école.
Skill-based Medical English Teaching in a Corporate Environment
Authors: Arani Jafar Asgari 
Published: March 2015

Background: Medical English has been enjoying a good deal of popularity among doctors and medical students having an extraordinary effect on their competencies .This article proposes the use of a competency-based approach in a Blended-Learning English for Medical Purposes (EMP) course design for the students of medicine. The objectives of the study were to investigate the medical English needs of the students of medicine, to develop a Blended-Learning competency-based EMP course module for the students of medicine, and to examine the opinions of students toward the course module.
Method& Materials: The study was a descriptive and experimental research. The course was taught using Drupal Platform and Web 2.0 tools as supplement to traditional face-to-face classroom. EMP needs were analyzed by interviewing 45 key students and a questionnaire survey with 140 students of medicine. The qualitative data from the interview were analyzed by content analysis while the quantitative data from the questionnaire survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation). For course evaluation, the pretest and posttest score were analyzed by comparing the mean scores of the pretest and posttest using t-test.
Findings: The Blended Learning course module was validated by the experts and piloted with a group of learners having the similar characteristics as the subjects in the main study. The results of t = -15.09 indicated that the participants in the study had higher scores in their posttest than in the pretest at a significant level (p< .05). The standard deviation of all criteria (SD <1) shows that the consistency of the students opinions responses did not vary much.
Conclusion: Blended-Learning competency-based English course module can meet the needs of the students of medicine in terms of the EMP course which has conceptualized the content around the competencies needed for their studies.