bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice of physicians in urban slums of Kolkata, India
Authors: KANUNGO S. , MAHAPATRA T. , BHADURI B. , MAHAPATRA S. , CHAKRABORTY N. D. , MANNA B. , SUR D. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYDiarrhoeal management practices are unsatisfactory in India especially in the slum areas. Dearth of information regarding physicians' diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice in India ncessitated this cross-sectional study of allopathic practitioners in the slums of Kolkata, to assess the distribution and interrelationship between physicians' characteristics, knowledge and practice regarding diarrhoea. A total of 264 randomly selected consenting practitioners were interviewed using a field-tested questionnaire. Nineteen percent had good overall knowledge, 49% and 80% prescribed antibiotics to diarrhoea and cholera patients, respectively, and 55% advised stool examination for every case. Qualified and Government physicians had better knowledge regarding diarrhoea [MBBS: odds ratio (OR) 5·96,P < 0·001; postgraduates: OR 9·33,P < 0·001; Government physicians: OR 11·49,P < 0·0001] and were less likely to prescribe antibiotics for all diarrhoea cases (MBBS: OR 0·30,P = 0·002; postgraduates: OR 0·20,P < 0·001; Government physicians OR 0·24,P < 0·029). Better knowledge was associated with a lower likelihood of prescribing antibiotics for diarrhoea (OR 0·72,P < 0·001), cholera (OR 0·78,P = 0·027) and investigative procedure (OR 0·85,P = 0·028). In the slums of Kolkata, diarrhoea-related knowledge and practice were poor with the exception of qualified physicians, hence an improvement in the knowledge of pharmacists and unqualified practitioners is necessary for the overall improvement of diarrhoeal management in these slums.
A Normal Accident or a Sea-Change? Nuclear Host Communities Respond to the 3/11 Disaster
Authors: ALDRICH DANIEL P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWhile 3/11 has altered energy policies around the world, insufficient attention has focused on reactions from local nuclear power plant host communities and their neighbors throughout Japan. Using site visits to such towns, interviews with relevant actors, and secondary and tertiary literature, this article investigates the community crisis management strategies of two types of cities, towns, and villages: those which have nuclear plants directly in their backyards and neighboring cities further away (within a 30 mile radius). Responses to the disaster have varied with distance to nuclear facilities but in a way contrary to the standard theories based on the concept of the ‘distance decay function’. Officials in communities directly proximal to nuclear power plants by and large remain supportive of Japan's nuclear power program, while those in cities and towns at a distance (along with much of the general public) have displayed strong opposition to the pre 3/11 status quo. Using qualitative data, this article underscores how national energy and crisis response policies rest strongly on the political economy, experiences of, and decisions made at the subnational level.
A national approach to improving adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology psychosocial care: The development of AYA-specific psychosocial assessment and care tools
Authors: Palmer Susan , Patterson Pandora , Thompson Kate 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Age-based screening tools and assessment measures are crucial to the provision of best practice care for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients. Unfortunately, there are limited psychosocial tools developed for this age group and pediatric or adult measures are often distributed with the assumption that they are “close enough.” We describe a collaborative Australian project that strives to improve what currently exists for the psychosocial assessment of and planning for the 15–25-year-old age group.Method:Using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Distress Thermometer and the HEADSS Assessment as a foundation, the tools were developed in consultation with Australia's leading AYA clinicians, AYAs currently undergoing medical treatment, and a group of AYA survivors through a process of discussion groups and clinical interviews.Results:The result is the first available AYA-specific screening tool, care plan pro forma, and psychosocial assessment measure developed for use within the oncology sector. These new tools will assist clinicians working with this population group to support psychosocial coping during active treatment and promote healthy post-treatment survivorship.Significance of results:Over time, further validation procedures will add to the veracity of the measures. Until then, these measures represent the best available in Australia. They highlight a clinically recognized minimum standard of care that all young cancer patients, regardless of treatment location, have the right to receive.
Robust measurement of telomere length in single cells
Authors: Wang Fang , Pan Xinghua , Kalmbach Keri , Seth-Smith Michelle L. , Ye Xiaoying , Antumes Danielle M. F. , Yin Yu , Liu Lin , Keefe David L. , Weissman Sherman M. 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Telomeres are the structures at the ends of chromosomes that protect these ends from degradation or joining to one another. Telomeres consist of repeat DNA sequences and the length is gradually eroded as the cell ages. The ability to measure telomere length in individual cells would be important for studies of cell senescence, malignancy, stem cell renewal, and human fertility. We have developed a robust and practical method for estimating the telomere length of single cells, and used this method to demonstrate the heterogeneity or changes of telomere length in several systems.
pyDockWEB: a web server for rigid-body protein–protein docking using electrostatics and desolvation scoring
Authors: Jiménez-García Brian , Pons Carles , Fernández-Recio Juan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: pyDockWEB is a web server for the rigid-body docking prediction of protein–protein complex structures using a new version of the pyDock scoring algorithm. We use here a new custom parallel FTDock implementation, with adjusted grid size for optimal FFT calculations, and a new version of pyDock, which dramatically speeds up calculations while keeping the same predictive accuracy. Given the 3D coordinates of two interacting proteins, pyDockWEB returns the best docking orientations as scored mainly by electrostatics and desolvation energy.
Availability and implementation: The server does not require registration by the user and is freely accessible for academics at http://life.bsc.es/servlet/pydock
Contact: juanf@bsc.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Patient-Satisfaction Measures in Anesthesia
Authors: Barnett Sarah F. , Alagar Ravi K. , Grocott Michael P. W. , Giannaris Savvas , Dick John R. , Moonesinghe Suneetha Ramani 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Patient satisfaction is an important measure of the quality of health care and is used as an outcome measure in interventional and quality improvement studies. Previous studies have found that there are few appropriately developed and validated questionnaires available. The authors conducted a systematic review to identify all tools used to measure patient satisfaction with anesthesia, which have undergone a psychometric development and validation process, appraised the quality of these processes, and made recommendations of tools that may be suitable for use in different clinical and academic settings. There are a number of robustly developed and subsequently validated instruments, however, there are still many studies using nonvalidated instruments or poorly developed tools, claiming to accurately assess satisfaction with anesthesia. This can lead to biased and inaccurate results. Researchers in this field should be encouraged to use available validated tools, to ensure that patient satisfaction is measured and reported fairly and accurately.
Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade with Sugammadex at the Reappearance of Four Twitches to Train-of-four Stimulation
Authors: Pongrácz Adrienn , Szatmári Szilárd , Nemes Réka , Fülesdi Béla , Tassonyi Edömér 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background:
Doses of sugammadex required to reverse deep, moderate, and shallow rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade have been established. However, no adequate doses for the reversal of reappearance of four twitches of train-of-four (TOF) stimulation (threshold TOF-count-four) have been established.

Methods:
This single-center, randomized, controlled, double-blind, four-groups parallel-arm study included 80 patients undergoing general anesthesia with propofol, sevoflurane, fentanyl, and rocuronium. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with calibrated acceleromyography. Once rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade recovered spontaneously to threshold TOF-count-four, patients randomly received 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg of sugammadex or 0.05 mg/kg of neostigmine. The time between study drug injection and reversal of TOF ratios to 1.0 was measured. Rapid reversal (≤2.0 min average, upper limit of 5.0 min) was the primary endpoint and slower reversal (≤5.0 min average, upper limit of 10 min) was the secondary endpoint of the study.

Results:
Sugammadex, in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, reversed threshold TOF-count-four to TOF ratios of 1.0 in 2.1 ± 0.8 min (mean ± SD) and 1.8 ± 0.9 min, respectively. Sugammadex, 0.5 mg/kg, induced a similar degree of reversal in 4.1 ± 1.9 min (P &lt; 0.001 vs. 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg). Neostigmine, 0.05 mg/kg, reversed TOF ratios to 1.0 in 8.5 ± 3.5 min (P &lt; 0.001 vs. sugammadex groups).

Conclusion:
Sugammadex, 1.0 mg/kg, rapidly and effectively reverses rocuronium-induced block that has recovered spontaneously to a threshold TOF-count-four. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg was equally effective, but satisfactory antagonism took as long as 8 min to take place.
Involvement of AtPolλ in the Repair of High Salt- and DNA Cross-Linking Agent-Induced Double Strand Breaks in Arabidopsis
Authors: Roy Sujit , Choudhury Swarup Roy , Sengupta Dibyendu N. , Das Kali Pada 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
DNA polymerase λ (Pol λ) is the sole member of family X DNA polymerase in plants and plays a crucial role in nuclear DNA damage repair. Here, we report the transcriptional up-regulation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPolλ in response to abiotic and genotoxic stress, including salinity and the DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin C (MMC). The increased sensitivity of atpolλ knockout mutants toward high salinity and MMC treatments, with higher levels of accumulation of double strand breaks (DSBs) than wild-type plants and delayed repair of DSBs, has suggested the requirement of Pol λ in DSB repair in plants. AtPolλ overexpression moderately complemented the deficiency of DSB repair capacity in atpolλ mutants. Transcriptional up-regulation of major nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway genes KU80, X-RAY CROSS COMPLEMENTATION PROTEIN4 (XRCC4), and DNA Ligase4 (Lig4) along with AtPolλ in Arabidopsis seedlings, and the increased sensitivity of atpolλ-2/atxrcc4 and atpolλ-2/atlig4 double mutants toward high salinity and MMC treatments, indicated the involvement of NHEJ-mediated repair of salinity- and MMC-induced DSBs. The suppressed expression of NHEJ genes in atpolλ mutants suggested complex transcriptional regulation of NHEJ genes. Pol λ interacted directly with XRCC4 and Lig4 via its N-terminal breast cancer-associated C terminus (BRCT) domain in a yeast two-hybrid system, while increased sensitivity of BRCT-deficient Pol λ-expressing transgenic atpolλ-2 mutants toward genotoxins indicated the importance of the BRCT domain of AtPolλ in mediating the interactions for processing DSBs. Our findings provide evidence for the direct involvement of DNA Pol λ in the repair of DSBs in a plant genome.
Servant leadership in English sixth form colleges: what do teachers tell us?
Authors: Stoten David William 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether servant leadership can be applied to college management. The research methodology involved questionnaire and co‐constructed discussion eliciting the views of teachers on how they interpret leadership in a sixth form college. Three other models of leadership were discussed along with servant leadership. The results suggest that servant leadership is the least recognised form of leadership in colleges.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology involved two phases. The first phase involved a probing questionnaire that elicited teachers’ views on institutional leadership and enquired about the purpose of leadership. This pilot questionnaire was followed up with a series of co‐constructed discussions with teachers.FindingsThe findings suggest that servant leadership is not prevalent within the sixth form college sector. Transactional leadership was the most identified form of organisational leadership, with distributed and transformational models coming ahead of servant leadership. These outcomes highlight the shared instrumentalism that exists within colleges as they confront the developing education market in the UK.Research limitations/implicationsThis case study, albeit echoing other larger investigations, was undertaken at a single college and is therefore limited in its generalisability.Originality/valueThere is very little research undertaken into the leadership and management of sixth form colleges, and even less on the relevance of servant leadership to the education sector. This paper offers a tentative view of how teachers view leadership and the dominance of transactional leadership in the college system.
Sustainable leadership and future‐oriented decision making in the educational governance – a Finnish case
Authors: Metsämuuronen Jari , Kuosa Tuomo , Laukkanen Reijo 
Published: May 2013

PurposeDuring the new millennium the Finnish educational system has faced a new challenge: how to explain glorious PISA results produced with only a small variance between schools, average national costs and, as regards the average duration of studies, relatively efficiently. Explanations for this issue can be searched for in many different ways. The purpose of the article is to show what kind of sustainable leadership in the educational governance can be seen behind the high level results in Finland.Design/methodology/approachThe future‐oriented actions are discussed in the article alongside some relevant cultural prerequisites that have enabled effective changing processes. Finally, two cases of recent future‐oriented actions in the Finnish educational governance are given as examples.FindingsSustainable leadership can be seen as a long series of several future‐oriented decisions and actions, such as uniforming the system, offering highly demanding education to all, strategic decisions concerning the information society, as well as some other great political decisions concerning education.Research limitations/implicationsIt may not be easy to reproduce the same high‐level results as in Finland in any other country. However, several developing countries could benefit from the future‐oriented ethos of Finland.Practical implicationsThis article gives hints what kinds of future‐oriented actions can be launched at a national level.Social ImplicationsFuture orientation leads to long‐term policies in education. This enables long‐term development in the educational sector which may enhance the social cohesion in the societies.Originality/valueThough the Finnish experiences may be unique in the international settings, the future‐orientation is of uttermost importance when wanting to develop the educational systems in any country. Hence the results may give a valuable insight to understand a successful case of educational governance.
Post materialist values and entrepreneurship: a multilevel approach
Authors: Morales Carlos E. , Holtschlag Claudia 
Published: May 2013

PurposePostmaterialist values (autonomy, self‐expression, fulfilment of personal goals) have been shown to predict entrepreneurship at the country level. This paper aims to expand previous research by testing the relationship between postmaterialism and entrepreneurship at the individual level across 39 countries.Design/methodology/approachIn a series of multilevel models, with individuals nested within countries, the paper tests whether individuals’ postmaterialist values predict the probability of becoming an entrepreneur after controlling for income level, age, gender and education level. To do this, Inglehart's 12‐item Postmaterialism‐index was used. Data was taken from the 1999‐2004 database of the World Value Survey on approximately forty‐five thousand subjects from 39 countries. Models with random intercepts and random slopes were calculated.FindingsThis paper presents evidence on three issues: postmaterialism decreases a person's likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur; the effect of postmaterialism on entrepreneurship varies across countries; and this effect is more negative in countries with high levels of entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsTheoretical: individuals with materialist values are more likely to be entrepreneurs than postmaterialist individuals. This finding provides support to the hypothesis that entrepreneurs are basically economically driven people. Practical: The efficacy of public policies to promote entrepreneurial activity could be overshadowed by more deeply‐rooted cultural orientations, postmaterialism in this case.Originality/valueThe relationship between postmaterialism and entrepreneurship has been studied previously using countries as the unit of analysis; this paper's main contribution is that it expands this line of research to the individual level of analysis.
An evaluation of the staff training within the trauma and self injury (TASI) programme in the National High Secure Healthcare Service for Women (NHSHSW)
Authors: Robertson Kate , Elcock Sue , Milburn Chris , Annesley Phyllis , Jones Jane , Völlm Birgit A. 
Published: May 2013

PurposePatients in the National High Secure Healthcare Service for Women have a high prevalence of trauma and self injury. This highlights the need for specialised training of staff dealing with such women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trauma and self injury (TASI) training programme on staff knowledge and skills.Design/methodology/approachA total of 135 nurses and nursing assistants participated in the TASI two‐day training course. Questionnaires allowing for quantitative and qualitative data collection were completed before and after the training. Training and confidence levels in dealing with women who self‐harm prior to the training were identified and the impact of the programme was assessed.FindingsThe majority of staff had not received any previous training on trauma and self injury. There was an increased level of confidence in working with trauma and self injury following training and staff reported an increased ability to ask for support. Self‐perceived competence improved to a greater extent in those who had not received previous training compared to those who had.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' data is limited to self‐report. Future research should use objective measures to evaluate the impact of staff training.Practical implicationsA relatively short training programme focusing on trauma and self injury appears to improve staff confidence, understanding and competence in working with women patients in a high secure setting. Similar training programmes might also be beneficial in different patient groups with complex backgrounds and behaviours.Originality/valueThis is the first report on a training programme focussing on women in high secure care who self‐harm and have experienced trauma.
How do different business models affect intellectual capital?
Authors: Liang Chiung‐Ju , Chen Tzu‐Yin , Lin Ying‐Li 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether value‐creating activities and intellectual capital (IC) accumulation are affected by different business models.Design/methodology/approachField visitations and interview‐based questionnaires are used for data collection. This study uses the structural equation model to examine Taiwanese original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and original brand manufacturers (OBMs) in China.FindingsEmpirical results show that Taiwanese OEMs and OBMs adopt different combinations of value‐creating activities, which results in differences in IC accumulation. Taiwanese OEMs have engaged in manufacturing and innovation activities, and have created process and innovation capitals. By contrast, Taiwanese OBMs have developed their marketing channels, human resources, innovation centres, and social networks, and have accumulated their human, customer, process and innovation capitals.Practical implicationsTaiwanese OEMs have cultural advantages and have built productive infrastructure in China. Therefore, these enterprises should transform their business models into OBMs to enhance their market performance. Foreign investors could leverage the experiences and IC of Taiwanese enterprises to make their investments run more smoothly.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating relationships among business models, value‐creating activities, and IC. This study also provides useful guidance for enterprises considering investing in China and for academics researching in this area.
A template for integrated reporting
Authors: Abeysekera Indra 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the concept of integrated reporting and to propose a template for integrated reporting in organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to the conceptual model is founded on concepts proposed on integrated reporting by the King Report on Governance for South Africa (King III), and the International Integrated Reporting Council in the UK.FindingsThe integrated report should explain the story of reaching the organisation's vision, underpinned by its values, enacted by management, monitored by governance, and using facets of resources relating to financial capital, intellectual capital, social capital, and environmental capital.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes an integrated reporting framework, and provides an example of a template to be used in organisations.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first academic paper that provides a coherent framework on integrated reporting, with a template.