bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implementation of Adaptive Multi‐CNN Feature Fusion Model With Attention Mechanism With Improved Heuristic Algorithm for Kidney Stone Detection
Authors: Kulandaivelu Gunasekaran , Suchitra M , Pugalenthi R , Lalit Ruchika 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNowadays, most people have been admitted to emergencies with severe pain caused by kidney stones worldwide. In this case, diverse imaging approaches are aided in the detection process of stones in the kidney. Moreover, the specialist acquires better diagnosis and interpretation of this image. Here, computer‐aided techniques are considered the practical techniques, which it is used as the auxiliary tool for the process of diagnosis. Most urologists have failed to train the type of kidney stone identification effectively and it is operator‐dependent. Concerning the surgical operation, there is a requirement for accurate as well as adequate detection of stone position in the kidney. Thus, it has made the detection process even more difficult. To overcome the challenging issues, an effective detection model for kidney stones using classifiers. Initially, the input images are collected from the standard resources. Further, the input images are subjected to the adaptive multi‐convolutional neural network with attention mechanism (AMC‐AM) feature fusion model, in which, the pertinent features are extracted from the three networks: Visual Geometry Group16 (VGG16), Residual Network (ResNet), and Inception net. Thus, the three distinct features are obtained for the feature fusion procedure. Finally, the resultant features are subjected as input to the final layer of CNN. In the proposed network, the model is integrated with the attention mechanism and also the parameter tuning is done by proposing the modified social distance of coronavirus mask protection algorithm (MSD‐CMPA). Therefore, the performance is examined using different metrics and compared with other baseline models. Hence, the proposed model overwhelms the outstanding results in detecting the kidney stones that aid the individual in getting rid of kidney disorders.
Untangling the Primary Biotic and Abiotic Controls on Oxygen, Inorganic and Organic Carbon Isotope Signals in Modern Microbialites
Authors: Havas Robin , Thomazo Christophe , Caumartin Jeanne , Iniesto Miguel , Bert Hugo , Jézéquel Didier , Moreira David , Tavera Rosaluz , Bettencourt Vladimir , López‐García Purificación , Vennin Emmanuelle , Benzerara Karim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobialites are organo‐sedimentary structures formed throughout most of the Earth history, over a wide range of geological contexts, and under a multitude of environmental conditions affecting their composition. The carbon and oxygen isotope records of carbonates, which are most often their main constituents, have been used as a widespread tool for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, the multiplicity of factors that influence microbialites formation is not always properly distinguished in their isotopic record, in both ancient and modern settings. It is therefore crucial to refine our understanding of the processes controlling microbialites isotopic signal. Here, we analyzed the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions from bulk and micro‐drilled carbonates as well as bulk organic carbon isotope compositions in microbialites from four Mexican volcanic crater lakes of increasing alkalinity. The survey of four lakes allows comparing microbialite formation processes and their geochemical record within distinct physico‐chemical contexts. The geochemical analyses were performed in parallel to petrographic and mineralogical characterization and interpreted in light of the known microbial community composition for microbialites of the same lakes. Combining these data, we show that the potential for isotopic biosignature preservation primarily depends on physico‐chemical conditions. Carbon isotope biosignatures pointing out to an autotrophic influence on carbonate precipitation are preserved in the lowest alkalinity lakes. By contrast, higher alkalinity lakes, where microbialites are more massive, favor carbonate precipitation in isotopic equilibrium with the lake water, with secondary influence of heterotrophic organic carbon degradation. From these results, we suggest that microbialite carbonate C isotope records can be interpreted as the balance between the microbialite net primary productivity and the amount of precipitation that relates to physico‐chemical forcing. The signals of microbialite oxygen isotope compositions highlight a lack of understanding in the oxygen isotope records of relatively rare carbonate phases such as hydromagnesite. Nonetheless, we show that these signals are primarily influenced by the basins' hydrology, though biological effects may also play a (minor) role. Overall, both carbon and oxygen isotopic signals may record a mixture of different local/global and biotic/abiotic phenomena, making microbialites intricate archives of their growth environment, which should thus be interpreted with cautions and in the light of their surrounding sediments.
The Negative Legacy Effect of Extreme Drought on Soil Respiration Is Unaffected by Post‐Drought Precipitation Regime in a Temperate Grassland
Authors: Lellei‐Kovács Eszter , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Ónodi Gábor , Mojzes Andrea , Kröel‐Dulay György 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoil respiration, the main ecosystem process that produces carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is sensitive to extreme climatic events. The immediate, usually negative effect of droughts on soil respiration has often been observed, but the recovery of soil respiration following drought is rarely documented. Soil respiration can be reduced beyond the drought year if drought‐induced changes suppress soil activity. Alternatively, reduction in soil respiration may be overcompensated in the subsequent years due to increased substrate input and soil moisture, resulting from plant dieback during drought. In addition, post‐drought weather patterns may also affect the recovery of soil respiration. In a full‐factorial grassland experiment, we combined an extreme (5 months) summer drought in 2014 with four levels of post‐drought precipitation regimes, including severe (2 months) droughts, moderate (1 month) droughts, ambient weather, and water addition (four large rain events) in summers of 2015 and 2016. We measured soil respiration monthly between May and November, from 2013 to 2016. The extreme drought had an immediate strong negative effect, decreasing soil respiration by 50.8% in 2014 compared to the control plots, and it had a negative legacy effect in 2015 (14.5% reduction), but not in 2016. This legacy effect was unaffected by the post‐drought precipitation regime. Moderate drought decreased soil respiration by 12.1% and 18.6%, while severe drought decreased soil respiration by 18.3% and 27.3% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, while water addition had no effect. Since soil water content in extreme drought plots recovered by 2015, we hypothesize that changes in soil biota and reduced root activity are responsible for extreme drought's long‐term negative effects. Overall, our results highlight that extreme droughts may have negative effects on soil respiration well beyond the event, and thus the full effect on carbon cycling may be much larger than what is estimated solely based on the immediate effects.
Association of migraine treatments with reduced ischemic stroke risk: Evidence from two large‐scale real‐world data analyses
Authors: Jeong Eugene , Mogos Mulubrhan F. , Chen You 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with migraine treated with first‐line medications, including valproate, topiramate, metoprolol, timolol, or propranolol, versus those not receiving these treatments, using data from two large electronic health records datasets.BackgroundThe impact of first‐line migraine medications on ischemic stroke risk in patients with migraine remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further investigation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study using data from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and the All of Us Research Program. Cases were patients with a primary ischemic stroke diagnosis after their first migraine diagnosis, while controls had no ischemic stroke following their initial migraine diagnosis.ResultsIn the VUMC database, 356 cases and 15,231 controls were identified; the All of Us database included 256 cases and 6590 controls. Propranolol was the only medication significantly associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in female patients with migraine (VUMC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.86, p = 0.013; All of Us: aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.77, p = 0.010), particularly in those with migraine without aura (VUMC: aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.90, p = 0.027; All of Us: aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.10–0.62, p = 0.006). The Cox model showed lower ischemic stroke rates in propranolol‐treated female patients with migraine at 10 years in the VUMC data (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.83; p = 0.011, log‐rank p < 0.001) and 10 years in the All of Us data (aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.87; p = 0.048, log‐rank p = 0.003).ConclusionsAmong various migraine treatments, propranolol was notably associated with a significant reduction in ischemic stroke risk among female patients with migraine, particularly those without aura. These findings suggest a potential dual benefit of propranolol in managing migraine and reducing stroke risk, highlighting the need for further prospective studies to confirm these results and potentially inform clinical practice.
Characteristics of vertical root fractures at early stages: Evidence that dentinal microcracks are an experimental phenomenon
Authors: Pan Xiao , Liu Wenjing , Wang Chengtao , Gao Antian , Lin Zitong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of vertical root fractures (VRFs) at early stages and compare them with previously reported dentinal microcracks.MethodologyEndodontically treated teeth with vertical root fractures at early stages were collected. The characteristics of these VRFs were evaluated by in vitro observation and micro‐CT scanning: (1) the number of fractures (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal were counted separately); (2) vertical extension on the roots (classified into four categories according to cemento‐enamel junction and root apex involved or not); (3) the direction of fractures (bucco‐lingual or mesial‐distal); (4) horizontal extension of fractures (involved the root canal wall or the root surface or both); (5) the width of fractures (measured at the widest site on the axial micro‐CT image); and (6) the location of the widest fractured site on the root (coronal third portion, middle third portion and apical third portion).ResultsA total of 28 vertical root fractures at early stages were collected in this study, involving 30 roots with a total of 51 fractures. All fractures involved the middle portion of root; all fractures were bucco‐palatal/lingual and extended from the root canal wall to the root surface. The maximum width of these fractures were <150 μm, and widest fractures may be at the coronal, middle or apical third portion of the tooth root.ConclusionsAll vertical root fractures involved the middle portion of root, initiated from the root canal wall and directed buccal‐lingually. The fractures were irregular and tortuous, with fracture widths exhibiting considerable variability. These characteristics help us to have a better understanding of the initiation and development of VRFs, and also supply evidence dentinal microcracks are an experimental phenomenon.
The larval gut of Spodoptera frugiperda harbours culturable bacteria with metabolic versatility after insecticide exposure
Authors: Siddiqui Junaid Ali , Fan Ruidong , Liu Yanjiang , Syed Ali Hassan , Benlin Yi , Chu Qingshuai , Ding Zeyang , Ghani Muhammad Imran , Liu Xuemi , Wakil Waqas , Liu Dong‐Dong , Chen Xiaoyulong , Cernava Tomislav , Smagghe Guy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) poses a substantial risk to crops worldwide, resulting in considerable economic damage. The gut microbiota of insects plays crucial roles in digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and, sometimes, the degradation of insecticides. The current study examines the effect of synthetic insecticides on the gut microbiome of third instar S. frugiperda larvae using both culture‐dependent techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial community profiling and diversity analysis. In untreated larvae, the sequencing approach revealed a diverse microbiome dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, with key genera including Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Pelomonas. In parallel, 323 bacterial strains were isolated and assigned to the orders Bacillales, Burkholderiales, Enterobacterales, Flavobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Micrococcales, Neisseriaies, Pseudomonadales, Sphingobacteriales and Xanthomonadales. The prevailing culturable species included Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella variicola and Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii. Treatment with sublethal concentrations of three insecticides (broflanilide, spinosad and indoxacarb) caused significant changes in gut microbiome diversity and composition. Treated larvae showed a shift towards increased Proteobacteria abundance and decreased Firmicutes. Specifically, Acinetobacter and Rhodococcus were dominant in treated samples. Functional predictions highlighted significant metabolic versatility involving nutrient processing, immune response, detoxification, xenobiotic metabolism, and stress response, suggesting microbial adaptation to insecticide exposure. Network correlation analysis highlighted disrupted microbial interactions and altered community structures under insecticide treatment. These findings enhance our understanding of how insecticides impact the gut microbiota in S. frugiperda and may inform future strategies for managing pest resistance through microbiome‐based approaches.
Exploring Oral Health Promotion Among Mental Health Providers: An Integrative Review
Authors: Johnson Alisha Maree , Kenny Amanda , Ramjan Lucie , Raeburn Toby , George Ajesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIndividuals living with mental illness can experience dire oral health and face numerous barriers to oral health care. While mental health providers are important in oral health promotion, there is a major gap in knowledge on their oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices and guidelines/recommendations for best practice. This integrative review addresses this gap by synthesising evidence on mental health providers oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices and available clinical guidelines/recommendations. Searches were undertaken across six databases, supplemented with grey literature searches. The inclusion criteria were mental health providers, including nurses, doctors and allied health providers. Articles or guidelines/recommendations were excluded if they primarily related to drug and alcohol or substance use and eating disorders. A total of 16 studies and five guidelines/recommendations were included (20 were of high‐moderate quality). Mental health providers were receptive to playing a role in oral health promotion and screening and this was supported by guidelines/recommendations. However, current practices of mental health providers in promoting oral health are fragmented and inconsistent due to various barriers: limited knowledge, education, and training, lack of collaboration with dental services, heavy workloads, time constraints and challenging client behaviours. This review highlights an urgent need to strengthen supports for mental health providers to promote oral health with professional development in oral health, more detailed clinical practice guidelines, brief and user‐friendly oral health screening tools and streamlined dental referral pathways.
Barriers and Facilitators—Lessons Learned From a Randomised Trial to Implement Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention of Coercion in Psychiatry
Authors: Jaeger Susanne , Kampmann Marie , Baumgardt Johanna , Bechdolf Andreas , Bühling‐Schindowski Felix , Cole Celline , Flammer Erich , Junghanss Julia , Steinert Tilman , Mahler Lieselotte , Sauter Dorothea , Vandamme Angelika , Hirsch Sophie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe PreVCo study (‘Prevention of Violence and Coercion’) investigated the effects of a structured programme for the implementation of guideline recommendations for the management of aggression and the prevention of violence and coercion in psychiatric hospitals in a multicentre randomised controlled trial with 55 participating wards. The intervention was a 1‐year individually tailored implementation programme supported by external consultants. An independent evaluation of the individual wards' process aimed at identifying barriers and facilitators in implementation. We conducted guideline‐based group interviews with 53 of 55 participating teams during the implementation process. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used for the qualitative analysis. Two coders independently coded the transcripts and conducted a summary content analysis. The focus was on facilitators and barriers in the implementation process. The design of the intervention, in particular the framework of a controlled study, external guidance and the opportunity to choose and adapt the implementation programme according to the wards' possibilities and needs, was generally perceived as useful and supportive. The context of pandemic management at the time of the study interfered with the implementation process, mostly because of organisational transformations, challenges for information exchange and increased workload of the staff. With regard to the wards participating in the study, the main facilitators were a receptive, collaborative ward culture, team spirit and previous experiences in successful transformation processes. Barriers included the demanding working situation, frequent fluctuation of staff and low team cohesion, obstacles in communication, a deficit‐oriented perception of patients and low priority of the implementation process. Provision of necessary resources by the organisation was not self‐evident. Stakeholders devoted to the ideas of transformation of psychiatry and reduction of coercion were important facilitators of the implementation; however, some employees kept a resigned attitude and could not be engaged. The analysis of barriers and facilitators shows that an implementation process of innovative routines on psychiatric wards can benefit from external, individually tailored guidance. However, the working conditions on psychiatric wards remain to be challenging.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registration at www.isrctn.com with the identifier ISRCTN 71467851
‘Did I Make the Right Choice’: A Qualitative Exploration of Decision Regret Among Family Caregivers After Hospitalising a Patient With Schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Yubin , Zhang Linghui , Zhang Jiayuan , Yu Hong , Jiang Wenlong , Li Qi , Zhou Yuqiu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCommitting a family member with schizophrenia to a psychiatric ward is a coping mechanism often employed under challenging circumstances. This decision entails significant emotional repercussions and ethical dilemmas, potentially undermining the psychological well‐being of the family and eroding public trust in mental health services and professionals. This study investigates the experiences of regret among family members after deciding to commit a relative to a locked ward, adhering to the COREQ guidelines. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 14 family members in Heilongjiang Province, China, who faced this difficult choice. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which identified seven themes within three stages: Decision antecedent (limited comprehension of schizophrenia and treatment, deficiencies in supportive environment), decision process (suboptimal communication, hospitalisation and weighing of alternative options) and decision outcome (emotional burden of a loved one's hospital life, the indelible mark of schizophrenia, impact on family dynamics). The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, including addressing biased social media portrayals, enhancing the accuracy of medical information, ensuring transparency in psychiatric practices and improving support for families during hospitalisation.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Residents in the United States: Lessons From Virginia
Authors: Pryce Daniel K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEvaluating community members’ views about their quality of life is important for improving quality of well‐being in society, as most societies are interested in the collective well‐being of the people. Moreover, quality‐of‐life research helps public officials to understand how well they are meeting the needs of the electorate. Using the theoretical framework of Maslow's Developmental Perspective, which argues that the higher the need satisfaction of the majority in a given society the greater the quality of life of that society, I explore the effects of multiple variables on quality of life in the Hampton Roads region of Southeast Virginia (this region has approximately 1.5 million people). Using data from a random sample of 639 respondents who reside in the Hampton Roads region, I found that, compared to Whites, Black respondents had a lower quality of life. Moreover, the more highly educated, those with higher incomes, and those who were married indicated that they had a higher quality of life. Finally, economic conditions, personal finances, personal health, quality of medical and health care and the quality of the public school system all predicted community members’ quality of life. Of the substantive predictors, economic conditions had the strongest predictive effect on quality of life in the Hampton Roads region. The implications of the findings for scholars, elected officials, community relations, public policy and future research are discussed.