bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of various extract drinks on endurance in long-distance running training
Authors: Yu Zhihua , Sun Zehao 
Published: July 2024

This paper briefly introduces plant extracts and their combinations with sports drinks. The research involved 40 sportsmen who are affiliated with the Track and Field Department of the School of Physical Education in South-Central Minzu University. This paper aimed to explore the influence of sports drinks enhanced with extracts of Codonopsis pilosula and Acanthopanax senticosus on the endurance levels of long-distance runners. The participants were divided into four groups: a placebo group, a group receiving only C. pilosula, a group receiving A. senticosus, and a composite group. Endurance performance indices for long-distance running were evaluated both before and after the training. Before training, the heart rate, blood lactate level, and maximum oxygen uptake of the placebo group were 159.53 ± 2.21 times/min, 9.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L, and 66.18 ± 2.35 mL/kg/min, respectively; the single Codonopsis pilosula group was 158.33 ± 2.24 times/min, 9.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L, and 65.87 ± 1.88 mL/kg/min, respectively; the single Acanthopanax senticosus group was 159.66 ± 3.67 times/min, 9.7 ±1.0 mmol/L, and 66.32 ± 1.47 mL/kg/min, respectively; the Codonopsis pilosulae and Acanthopanax senticosus composite group was 158.21 ± 1.28 times/min, 9.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L, and 66.87 ± 1.12 mL/kg/min, respectively. After training, the corresponding values of the placebo group were 162.53 ± 3.21 times/min, 9.6 ± 0.8 mmol/L, and 68.85 ± 3.25 mL/kg/min, respectively; the single Codonopsis pilosula group was 145.33 ± 2.25 times/min, 9.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L, and 73.69 ± 2.58 mL/kg/min, respectively; the single Acanthopanax senticosus group was 142.66 ± 3.69 times/min, 9.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L, and 73.84 ± 2.19 mL/kg/min, respectively; the composite group was 131.21 ± 1.36 times/min, 8.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, and 77.19 ± 3.14 mL/kg/min, respectively. Sports drinks that include extracts of C. pilosula and A. senticosus significantly increased endurance levels. The concurrent use of C. pilosula and A. senticosus was more beneficial in enhancing endurance performance for long-distance running in comparison to using each extract individually.
Acute oral toxicity and safety assessment of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) methanol fruit extract in mice
Authors: Sood Parul , Shri Richa , Singh Varinder , F. Ahmad Sheikh , M. Attia Sabry 
Published: July 2024

Mulberry or Morus alba fruits, belonging to the Moraceae family, are well recognized for their distinct taste and high nutritional content. Nevertheless, studies revealing the toxic effects of fruits are scanty. This study aimed to examine the adverse effects of methanolic fruit extract (MFME) derived from M. alba on mice following OECD 425 guidelines. The female Swiss albino mice were divided into two distinct categories. One group was designated as the control group (administered vehicle), while the other was assigned as the test group (administered 2000 mg/kg MFME orally). Subsequently, behavioral changes were monitored daily, and body weights, relative organ weights, and biochemical and hematological parameters were measured. Additionally, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and ovary assessments were conducted on the 14th day to detect any signs of toxicity. A histopathological investigation was conducted on the anesthetized animals’ vital organs (heart, liver, kidney, brain, and ovary). The study’s findings indicate that the oral administration of MFME did not result in any mortality. Additionally, no significant changes were seen in behavior, food and water intake, biochemical parameters, hematological investigations, and organ weights. Furthermore, the histological analysis revealed no notable pathological alterations in the separated essential organs of mice treated with MFME. The results of this study indicate that the oral administration of MFME is deemed safe up to the maximum test dosage of 2000 mg/kg.
Exploring the micromorphological diversity of palynomorphic flora from lesser Himalaya biodiversity hotspot
Authors: KANWAL Kainat , ZAFAR Muhammad , AHMAD Mushtaq , ALWAHIBI Mona S. , ELSHIKH Mohamed S. , MAKHKAMOV Trobjon , YULDASHEV Akramjon , ISLAMOV Sokhib , SOTIBOLDIYEVA Dilnoza , NARALIYEVA Nasibakhon , EID Heba F. , MUKAMMAL Imomova , De OLIVEIRA Mozaniel Santana , MAJEED Salman , FAYZIEV Vokhid 
Published: July 2024

Palynology, a prominent field in plant systematics and biodiversity studies, plays a vital role in identifying and determining the plant species present in a specific region. The current study was performed to evaluate the micromorphological traits of pollen from flora of Lesser Himalaya. Pollen microstructural variations aid in the identification of species belonging to specific botanical families and various geographic habitats. Flowers of 24 selected species categorized into 16 families were collected, preserved and then acetolysis protocol followed. Pollen was examined under a light and scanning microscopy (LM and SEM) for palynomorph description. The palynomorphs characteristics such as size, shape, exine surface, and aperture orientation, were examined. Status of these plants show that herbs are being dominant (11 species), while shrubs (7 species), climbers (3 species), bulbous plants (2 species), small tree, sedge, weed (1 species each). Pollen shape determined in equatorial view were; spheroidal, sub-prolate, oblate-spheroidal, prolate, spherical and sub-oblate. The variations were seen among pollen types; tricolpate, tricolporate and polyporate in most of the species. Exine stratification was observed mostly scabrate while echinate, cristate-reticulate, granulate, punctate, rugulate-perforate, striate-rugulate, verrucate, cristate-foveolate was visualized in each different species. Palynomorph apertural patterns were observed sunken, furrowed, slightly bulged, scabrate, granulate, slit like, and perforate. The largest polar diameter was measured in Hymenocallis littoralis (138.6 µm) whereas smallest in Parthenium hysterophorus (14.70 µm). Equatorial distance was calculated maximum for Cascabela thevetia (110.1 µm) and minimum for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (1.7 µm). P/E ratio was calculated largest in Hymenocallis littoralis (1.8) and lowest in Duranta erecta (0.89). The palynomorphs taxonomic characters investigated can be helpful in species level identification and provide a baseline to conduct more systematic research with respect to specific plant families and genera.
Synergic effect of sulfur and nitrogen on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of sunflower
Authors: JAVAID Komal , MAHMOOD Athar , NAJEEB ALAWADI Hussam F. , SAAD ULLAH Muhammad , SELEIMAN Mahmoud F. , AMEEN Muaz , ASGHAR Ansa , ALI Nawab 
Published: July 2024

Macronutrients are essential for plant growth and development because they give plants the building blocks, they need to stay healthy and do important biological processes. A completely randomized designed (CRD) pot experiment was done to find out how nitrogen and sulfur affected the morphology and biochemistry of sunflowers. There were three replicates of each treatment: N1 (0), N2 20 kg ha-1 and N3 40 kg ha-1 and sulfur S1 (0), S2 40 kg ha-1 and S3 60 kg ha-1. Sunflower growth and physiology were improved by exogenously applied sulfur and nitrogen to the plant. Root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total soluble protein, and shoot calcium, potassium, and sodium ions contents all went up compared to the control conditions. Furthermore, sulfur and nitrogen have positive impacts on sunflowers' growth, ionic parameters and there was increase for anthocyanin (24.98%. and 36.66%), ascorbic acid (43.17% and 97.88%), and flavonoid (34.56%. and 112.91%) amounts with the highest levels at 60 kg ha-1 of S and 40 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. There was significant increase in photosynthetic pigments on application of Sulphur (Chl a. :19.15%, Chl b. 52.17%) and Nitrogen (chla. 20.53%, Chl b. 57.16%). Thus, applying sulfur and nitrogen externally to the plant is suggested to boost sunflower growth and chlorophyll levels at different nutritional levels.
Poczucie samotności a style radzenia sobie ze stresem przez przyszłych nauczycieli
Authors: Wrótniak Joanna 
Published: July 2024

Celem pracy było przedstawienie analizy związku poczucia samotności i stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem przez przyszłych nauczycieli. Badaniami objęto 310 osób w przedziale wiekowym 18 – 29 lat. Posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego wykorzystując następujące narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych oraz Zrewidowaną Skalę Samotności R – UCLA. Analiza danych dotyczących poczucia samotności ujawniła, że średni wynik ogólny wśród badanych wyniósł M=40,6 pkt. Zarówno poczucie samotności w wymiarze ogólnym jak i w poszczególnych podskalach oscylowało wokół wartości przeciętnych. W odniesieniu do analizy danych dotyczących stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem wyniki rozłożyły się podobnie w poszczególnych skalach. Najbardziej preferowanym stylem radzenia sobie ze stresem przez badane osoby okazał się styl skoncentrowany na emocjach, co potwierdzają uzyskane przez 60% respondentów wyniki wysokie w tym aspekcie. Na drugim miejscu uplasował się styl skoncentrowany na unikaniu (38,4%), na trzecim zaś styl skoncentrowany na zadaniach (30%). Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że zachodzi zależność istotna statystycznie między poczuciem samotności a stylami radzenia sobie ze stresem wśród badanych osób.
The effect of exercise on gastrointestinal symptoms and body composition at different phases of the menstrual cycle
Authors: Bass L. , Johnson K. , Rowland S.R. , Barrett J.S. , Dixon S. , Kennedy T. 
Published: July 2024

Women commonly experience bloating, stomach cramps, water retention, and weight gain at the beginning of their menstrual cycle, which cause fluctuations in body composition through extracellular changes, this may affect osmotic pressure, leading to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle phase on extracellular changes and GI symptoms in females in response to exercise. Seven healthy premenopausal female recreational athletes (maximal O2 consumption: 50 ± 5.8 ml·kg-1) performed two running trials in an experimental crossover design during two distinct phases of the menstrual cycle, early follicular phase (EFP) and the mid-luteal phase (MLP). Each trial consisted of 120 min of running, 60 min at 110% lactate threshold and 60 min at 90%. Determination of cycle was calculated from calendar-based counting and urinary ovulation detection kits. The EFP was determined by self-reporting onset of menses. The day before each trial, participants followed a low FODMAP diet and completed a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale questionnaire. On the morning of the trial, a standard breakfast was consumed, upon arrival at the laboratory, body composition was recorded. Each hour, finger prick samples were taken to measure lactate and ensure performance did not exceed maximum, every 15 minutes, a visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective ratings between 0-10 cm of gut comfort was taken. Data was analysed using mean and standard deviation (subsequent statistical analysis will be conducted if an n = 10 is reached prior to the conference). During exercise, participants experienced a higher prevalence of GI issues throughout the EFP compared with the MLP. The most common complaints reported from the VAS were nausea; EFP 1 ± 1 cm, MLP 0 ± 0 cm. Flatulence; EFP 4 ± 3 cm, MLP 1 ± 1 cm, and stomach cramps; EFP 3 ± 2 cm, MLP 1 ± 1 cm. Total body weight (TBW) differences were noted between the EFP and MLP. TBW EFP pre-exercise was higher than MLP pre-exercise phase EFP pre-exercise: 38.7 ± 2.8 L compared to MLP pre-exercise at 35.8 ±5.5 L. Similar differences were demonstrated with extra cellular water pre-exercise EFP; 16.1 ± 1.1 L MLP; 15.2 ±1.0 L. During the EFP fluid retention is known to be higher than the MLP, and results are as expected. While the data suggests a seemingly minimal variation in Gl symptoms, individually, there appears to be a higher level of difference. More gastrointestinal symptoms were reported during exercise, which is consistent with the findings. There is a slight difference in GI symptoms between the EFP and MLP at this stage, indicating a slight shift in total body water.
Quantifying the traverse: a comprehensive kinematic analysis of climbing technique
Authors: Andrews-Cifre Joseph , Bailey Simon , Taylor Nicola 
Published: July 2024

Biomechanical analysis plays a pivotal role in enhancing performance and preventing injuries in rock climbing. Despite a recent increase in popularity, there remains a lack of research quantifying full-body movements, resulting in uncertainty regarding biomechanical demands and variability. It should be noted that there is a scarcity of data in climbing research to quantify optimal techniques, particularly for traverses. This study aims to address this gap by examining the demands of a traverse in a controlled setting using Vicon marker-based three-dimensional (3D) motion capture. Fourteen experienced climbers (32 ± 13 years, 70 ± 9 kg) with varying skill levels (intermediate to advanced) and climbing backgrounds (sport climbing, trad climbing and bouldering) completed a two-minute standardised traverse on a custom-built Lattice circuit (2440 × 2440 × 1220 mm). A twelve-camera (200 Hz, Vantage) motion analysis system (Vicon, Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, United Kingdom) acquired kinematic data. Retroreflective markers were attached to anatomical landmarks of the upper and lower body. The trials were preceded by a 10-minute self-selected warmup. This data will be analysed to assess the degree of inter-participant variability, observing if there is the possibility of quantifying an optimal traversing technique. Intra-participant variability will be assessed, to measure the effect of fatigue on the climbing movement. Previous literature has alluded to the possibility of fatigue increasing the use of the legs when climbing as compensation. Comparing the beginning of the traverse to the end, data should further substantiate this claim. This research will offer insights into the kinematic demands of rock climbing, laying the groundwork for further studies on a larger scale to assess the possibility of optimising technique, performance, and injury strategies. This study contributes to bridging the vast gap between biomechanical research and practical applications in the climbing community, facilitating a more evidence-based approach to performance.
MIDWIVES' PERCEPTIONS OF PREECLAMPSIA SCREENING
Authors: Febronia Martina Dua Lehang  , Aditiawarman  , Ivon Diah Wittiarika  , Linda Dewanti  
Published: July 2024

Background: Preeclampsia-related maternal mortality is a persistent issue globally, including in Indonesia. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) recommends universal preeclampsia screening in obstetric services. In Indonesia's NTT Province, pregnant women are screened based on guidelines in the MCH book. Sikka Regency mandates midwives to use the KSPR and MCH manuals for risk factor screening In 2022, 154 out of 9,685 screened pregnant women exhibited signs of preeclampsia risk factors. Despite the reduction in maternal deaths in Sikka Regency, the number of deaths directly linked to preeclampsia increased from one in 2021 to four in 2022. Notably, at Watubaing Public Health Center, two cases of maternal death were specifically attributed to preeclampsia. This underscores a significant gap in midwives' perceptions and clinical practices, elevating maternal mortality risk. This study explores midwives' perceptions of preeclampsia screening. Method: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach at Watubaing Public Health Center involved three informants selected through purposive sampling, meeting the inclusion criteria. Data collection, conducted from April to July 2023, comprised in-depth semi-structured interviews that were subsequently analyzed thematically. Results: Midwives’ expressed divergent opinions on preeclampsia screening, yet a consensus prevailed on its crucial importance. Conclusion: Midwives' perceptions of preeclampsia screening in ANC services are significantly shaped by internal and external factors, including knowledge and experience.
DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE I, II, AND III TRIMESTER
Authors: Rachma Gading Nurhafiza , Irwanto Irwanto , Izzati Dwi 
Published: July 2024

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological period that requires various adjustments to the changes that occur and can induce anxiety. Anxiety during pregnancy can be experienced from the first trimester to the third trimester. This anxiety can have negative impacts on both the mother and the fetus. This research aimed to determine the differences in the anxiety levels of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters in the working area of the Gading Surabaya Health Center. Method: This is a quantitative research with an observational analytic method and a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters in the working area of Gading Surabaya Health Center. The study involved 100 samples of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters selected using the simple random sampling method. The instrument used is a questionnaire, namely the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS). The analysis method used is the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The statistical test results show a p-value (0.023) < α (0.05), indicating a significant difference in anxiety levels among pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters. Most pregnant women in the first trimester (56.7%) and second trimester (70.7%) did not experience anxiety symptoms, while pregnant women in the third trimester (51.7%) experienced mild to moderate anxiety. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in anxiety levels among pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters.
DIFFERENCES OF BIRTH WEIGHT AND ONSET OF ACHOLIC STOOL BETWEEN EXTRAHEPATIC AND INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS
Authors: Setyoboedi Bagus , Situmorang Lasmauli , Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji , Arief Sjamsul 
Published: July 2024

Background: Biliary atresia (extrahepatic cholestasis) and neonatal hepatitis (intrahepatic cholestasis) are two main causes of cholestasis. It is important to distinguish the type of cholestasis for determine management. Patient with intrahepatic cholestasis have birth weight lower than extrahepatic cholestasis. Onset of acholic stool in extrahepatic cholestasis usually appear in 15-30 days of first life. The aim of the study to identify differences of birth weight and onset of acholic stool between the type of cholestasis. Method: A retrospective study on cholestasis children aged under 2 years was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. A thorough history of birth weight and onset of acholic stool were undertaken. Based on histopatology liver biopsy patients were classified into twogroups: I (extrahepatic cholestasis) and II (intrahepatic cholestasis). Result: Statistical analysis of Mann Whitney U was used with p<0.05 being significant. A total of 84 children were included, 55% were male. 40 children suffered from extrahepatic cholestasis (mean age 4.8 ± 2.6 months old) and 44 children suffered from intrahepatic cholestasis (mean age 2.9 ± SD 3.8 months old). The mean birth weight between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis were 2813 ± 704 gram vs 2717 ± 577 gram) (p=0.29). The mean onset of acholic stool between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis were 43.0 ± 60.6 days vs 26.6 ± 39.7 days (p=0.27). Conclusion : There is no difference of birth weight and onset of acholic stool between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis.
Analysis of the Causes of Class XI High School Students Misconceptions on the Main Material of Chemical Equilibrium
Authors: Ramadhani Dwi Nur , Nada Ella Izzatin 
Published: July 2024

<span lang="EN-US">Guru disekolah tidak pernah menganalisis faktor penyebab miskonsepsi siswa, karena guru tidak tahu seberapa besar siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab miskonsepsi siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini faktor penyebab miskonsepsi yang terbesar adalah faktor yang berasal dari siswa sebesar 41,4%. Siswa menjadi penyebab utama terjadinyaa miskonsepsi dikarenakan siswa kurang tertarik dalam pembelajaran kimia. Faktor penyebab miskonsepsi kedua yaitu kesalahan konteks mengajar sebesar 25,7%. Penyebab berikutnya adalah buku teks sebesar 25,2%. Hal ini dibuktikan ternyata dalam buku teks terdapat multitafsir yang membuat siswa tidak dapat memahami penjelasan suatu materi. Penyebab keempat adalah metode sebesar 21%. Faktor penyebab miskonsepsi terkecil yaitu guru sebesar 10,5%, Hal ini berarti guru sudah baik dalam menyampaikan materi serta hubungan relasi antara siswa dan guru yang cukup baik.</span>
The Role of Work Achievement and Teamwork on Employee Performance by Reward Management, Happiness and Job Satisfaction at Adidas Division PT Nikomas Banten
Authors: Roihan Elip Gozali , Yusuf Furtasan Ali , Hardianto Ade Manggala 
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengoptimalkan peran penghargaan, kepuasan kerja, dan rasa Bahagia sebagai factor yang memengaruhi kinerja karyawan secara tidak langsung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang mengutamakan tanggapan responden atas kuesioner yang diajukan, dan sebanyak 175 responden telah memberikan jawaban. Data responden ini dipergunakan sebagai dasar pembahasan melalui pendekatan partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) tidak ada pengaruh prestasi kerja terhadap penghargaan; (2) tidak ada pengaruh prestasi kerja terhadap rasa bahagia; (3) tidak ada pengaruh prestasi kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja; (4) tidak ada pengaruh kerjasama tim terhadap penghargaan; (5) ada pengaruh kerjasama tim terhadap rasa bahagia; (6) bahwa ada pengaruh kerjasama tim terhadap kepuasan kerja; (7) tidak ada pengaruh penghargaan terhadap kinerja; (8) tidak ada pengaruh rasa bahagia terhadap kinerja; serta (9) tidak ada pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan model kinerja karyawan dapat dilakukan melalui penguatan Kerjasama tim, menciptakan rasa Bahagia, dan menciptakan kepuasan kerja.
Measuring the antimicrobial activity of natural extracts against food spoilage bacteria to enhance food hygiene: preliminary in vitro results
Authors: Roila Rossana , Primavilla Sara , Ranucci David , Galarini Roberta , Codini Michela , Giusepponi Danilo , Altissimi Caterina , Valiani Andrea , Casagrande Proietti Patrizia , Branciari Raffaella 
Published: July 2024

Food products are prone to microbial contamination able to affect their safety and quality attributes and their nutritional value. The interest in the potential use of bioactive compounds deriving from natural matrices, especially agro-industrial wastes, as alternatives to classical food preservatives has rapidly increased. In the present study a food grade olive mill wastewater polyphenolic extract and a commercial mix were characterised and their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity were assessed. The antimicrobial activity was preliminary assessed in vitro by agar well diffusion, subsequently by microdilution method to define the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration. The olive mill wastewater polyphenolic extract registered a higher antioxidant capacity [(13.3 ± 1.0) 102 µgTE/(100 g)] and antimicrobial efficacy (max MBC value 0.2500 g/mL) compared to commercial mix with wide potential application in food industry.