bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing abundance–suitability models to prioritize conservation areas for the dwarf caimans in South America
Authors: Rodriguez‐Cordero Andrés L. , Balaguera‐Reina Sergio A. , Gross Brandon A. , Munn Margaret , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpecies–environment relationships have been extensively explored through species distribution models (SDM) and species abundance models (SAM), which have become key components to understand the spatial ecology and population dynamics directed at biodiversity conservation. Nonetheless, within the internal structure of species' ranges, habitat suitability and species abundance do not always show similar patterns, and using information derived from either SDM or SAM could be incomplete and mislead conservation efforts. We gauged support for the abundance–suitability relationship and used the combined information to prioritize the conservation of South American dwarf caimans (Paleosuchus palpebrosus and P. trigonatus). We used 7 environmental predictor sets (surface water, human impact, topography, precipitation, temperature, dynamic habitat indices, soil temperature), 2 regressions methods (Generalized Linear Models—GLM, Generalized Additive Models—GAM), and 4 parametric distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Negative binomial, Gamma) to develop distribution and abundance models. We used the best predictive models to define four categories (low, medium, high, very high) to plan species conservation. The best distribution and abundance models for both Paleosuchus species included a combination of all predictor sets, except for the best abundance model for P. trigonatus which incorporated only temperature, precipitation, surface water, human impact, and topography. We found non‐consistent and low explanatory power of environmental suitability to predict abundance which aligns with previous studies relating SDM‐SAM. We extracted the most relevant information from each optimal SDM and SAM and created a consensus model (2,790,583 km2) that we categorized as low (39.6%), medium (42.7%), high (14.9%), and very high (2.8%) conservation priorities. We identified 279,338 km2 where conservation must be critically prioritized and only 29% of these areas are under protection. We concluded that optimal models from correlative methods can be used to provide a systematic prioritization scheme to promote conservation and as surrogates to generate insights for quantifying ecological patterns.
Comparison of quality characteristics of reconstituted glutinous rice flour and sweet dumplings with various beans
Authors: Qiangqiang Sun , Xuhua Liu , Rong Yan , Junying Wang , Liping Yang , Qiyun Dong , Ligong Zhai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study blended five types of beans—florid kidney bean, red adzuki bean, chickpea, black bean, and white kidney bean—with glutinous rice flour (GRF) to create a synergistic heat–moisture treatment (HMT). We investigated the effects of this combination on the digestibility of the glutinous rice mixture and the quality of sweet dumplings. The inclusion of beans, along with HMT, altered the granular morphology, adhesive qualities, thermal characteristics, crystallinity, and protein secondary structure of the blended powders compared to GRF. Notably, the starch granules in the glutinous rice flour with red adzuki bean (R‐GRF) were more complete in morphology, compact in structure, and exhibited higher heat stabilization and crystallinity, with significant changes in protein secondary structure. These modifications resulted in a low expected glycemic index (eGI) value of 52.01. Additionally, the quality assessment of the fast‐frozen sweet dumplings showed that those made with red adzuki bean mixed with glutinous rice flour (R‐SD) had superior texture, reduced cracking, and less water loss compared to those made with GRF (G‐SD), while maintaining similar color and odor to G‐SD. The eGI value of 52.21 for R‐SD also fell within the low eGI range, indicating its potential for developing low‐eGI foods for patients with T2DM and other special populations.
Computed tomography angiography‐guided analysis of morphologic properties of the thoracic aorta and arch branches among the adult population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ahmad , Tajaddini Ali , Jafari Seyed Hamed , Mohammadi Zahra , Dalfardi Farzad , Fatemian Hossein , Shahriarirad Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBefore performing any surgical or endovascular procedure, the anatomical classification of the patient is essential for treatment planning. Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) is a standard method to evaluate thoracic aortic anatomy and associated variations.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, descriptive study was performed among adult participants without any peripheral vascular diseases undergoing thoracic CTA. Demographic data were collected along with factors retrieved from the patients CTA, such as the type of aortic arch, length, and diameter of ascending and descending aorta, the diameter of the main branches and the distance between branches, the angles by which the main arteries rise from their origins, and left anterior oblique angle of the aortic arch.Results164 patients, with a mean age of 57 ± 19.3 years, entered the study. 53 (33.8%) had a bovine arch, which was mostly observed among males. A decrease in the frequency of type I arch and also an increase in the frequency of type 2 and 3 arches was observed with the increase in age (p < 0.001). The BCT diameter had a direct association with both left common carotid artery diameter (r = 0.478, p < 0.001) and left subclavian artery diameter (r = 0.470, p < 0.001). The length of the descending aorta had a direct correlation (r = 0.294, p < 0.001) with the length of the ascending aorta.ConclusionComplex endovascular interventions are vital method in treating aorta, head, and neck pathologies. Accurate knowledge of thoracic aortic anatomy is becoming crucial for diagnosis and intervention planning.
Knowledge attitude and practice of antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bonna Atia Sharmin , Mazumder Sinthia , Manna Ridwana Maher , Pavel Shahed Rafi , Nahin Sabrina , Ahmad Istiak , Nabilah Nujhat , Ali Mohammad , Amin Mohammad Ashraful 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAntibiotic misuse represent a significant global health challenge, with medical students positioned as key figures in promoting responsible antibiotic usage. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh, aiming to identify areas for targeted educational and policy interventions.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 501 medical students across various years of study in Bangladesh, collecting data over a 3‐month period. The survey assessed antibiotic knowledge, usage practices, and attitudes towards misuse, employing descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses to explore associations between students’ demographic characteristics and their KAP towards antibiotics. Significance was assigned at p‐value < 0.05.ResultsIn our study involving 501 medical students from four medical colleges in Bangladesh, we achieved a 76% response rate. Among the participants, 78.24% correctly identified antibiotics’ effectiveness against bacterial infections, but 45.71% were uncertain about their efficacy against viral infections. Notably, 21.20% reported self‐prescribing antibiotics, predominantly sourced from physician prescriptions (54.89%). The most common reason for antibiotic use was fever (19.02%). Senior students were less likely to have good knowledge compared to junior students, and urban students demonstrated a higher likelihood of good knowledge and positive attitude towards antibiotic resistance.ConclusionThis study highlights the critical need for educational reforms and antimicrobial stewardship among medical students in Bangladesh to combat antibiotic misuse and mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
Urodynamic findings and vibegron effects on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type I‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Kumekawa Tomoyuki , Akaihata Hidenori , Natsuya Hiroki , Harigane Yuki , Imai Hitomi , Matsuoka Kanako , Tanji Ryo , Hata Junya , Ogawa Soichiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection can cause HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, characterized by spastic paralysis of both lower limbs. More than 90% of HAM/TSP patients show lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction.Case presentationA 27‐year‐old woman diagnosed with HAM/TSP presented with overactive bladder. A urodynamic study revealed detrusor overactivity. OAB remained despite improvements in spastic paralysis of the lower limbs after starting prednisolone. The addition of solifenacin likewise failed to improve OAB or DO in this patient. Switching from solifenacin to vibegron improved OAB symptoms.ConclusionIn patients for whom OAB and DO do not improve with steroid treatment and solifenacin, treatment with vibegron may improve OAB symptoms.
Zwei neue Alchemilla‐Arten vom Alpen‐Ostrand
Authors: Fröhner Sigurd 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungVon den in jüngster Zeit am Ostrand der Alpen aufgefundenen kritischen Alchemilla‐Sippen werden zwei als neue Arten beschrieben, die am nächsten verwandt mit westalpischen Arten sind: Alchemilla philonotis Fröhner, sp. nov. (verwandt mit A. inconcinna Buser) und A. cataractarum Fröhner, sp. nov., (verwandt, mit A. sinuata Buser). Anhand neuer Funde auch von anderen Arten wird die Chorologie dieser beiden neuen Arten besonders besprochen.
Die Eigenschaftsvalorisation bei Bestimmung der Lebensformen der Pflanzen am Beispiel psammopbiler Gattungen
Authors: Łukasiewicz Aleksander 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche bisher erarbeitete Systeme der Lebensformen der Pflanzen haben in hohem Maße zum Verständnis dieses Problems beigetragen. Trotz großer Leistungen auf diesem Gebiet sind wir noch sehr weit von der vollen Kenntnis der Lebensformen der Pflanzen entfernt. Das betrifft nicht nur die Lebensformen im Bereich der einzelnen systematischen Gruppen, sondern auch ihre Änderung unter dem Einfluß der verschiedensten ökologischen Faktoren. Wie bekannt, können die letzleren die Ursachen für die Entstehung besonderer Lebensformen, sogar im Bereich derselben Arten bilden, vor allem, wenn ungeeignete Kriterien angewendet werden. — Am Beispiel psammopbiler Gattungen werden drei Artengruppen von Lebensformen vorgestellt.
Solid‐State NMR Exploration of Factors for Enhancement of Hole Mobility by Introduction of Poly(styrene) Into Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Takahashi Riku , Tomita Eri , Mukadeyama Shinpei , Kanehashi Shinji , Ogino Kenji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR is employed to examine the morphological factors that contribute to the enhanced hole mobility observed in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by the introduction of electrically inert poly(styrene) (PSt). Chain mobilities of crystalline and amorphous phases in the P3HT domain are evaluated utilizing T1C (13C spin‐lattice relaxation time in the laboratory frame). The crystallinity of P3HT component is estimated based on the spectral editing method through T1ρH (1H spin‐lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame) filtered CPMAS. Moreover, the miscibility of P3HT crystalline and P3HT amorphous domains is estimated. These results suggest the formation of the rigid amorphous (short‐range ordered amorphous) in a block copolymer (P3HT‐block‐PSt). An increase in the proportion of the crystallite and proximate presence of each crystallite in a blend sample of P3HT with PSt (P3HT‐blend‐PSt) are also indicated. Enhanced mobility is attributed to the larger portion of rigid amorphous domain for P3HT‐block‐PSt, and to higher crystalline content for P3HT‐blend‐PSt.
Multiplicity results for critical p$p$‐biharmonic problems
Authors: Manouni Said El , Perera Kanishka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe prove new multiplicity results for some critical growth ‐biharmonic problems in bounded domains. More specifically, we show that each of the problems considered here has arbitrarily many solutions for all sufficiently large values of a certain parameter . In particular, the number of solutions goes to infinity as . We also give an explicit lower bound on in order to have a given number of solutions. This lower bound will be in terms of an unbounded sequence of eigenvalues of a related eigenvalue problem. Our multiplicity results are new even in the semilinear case . The proofs are based on an abstract critical point theorem.
Lebenswissenschaften: Longevity ‐ ein neues Buzz‐Word
Authors: Festel Gunter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDie Non‐Profit‐Organisation Swiss Institute of Longevity fördert auf Forschungsprojekten basierende Start‐ups im Frühstadium insbesondere in Europa. Der Autor hat sie vor drei Jahren gegründet, um die Forschungsergebnisse junger Unternehmen zu kommerzialisieren.
Patentwesen: Trend‐Foods richtig anmelden
Authors: Bettermann Alexandra , Strehlke Ingo K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDer Trend zu pflanzlichem Fleischersatz verfestigt sich. Diese Entwicklung bietet die Chance, an einem weltweit wachsenden Markt teilzuhaben. Schutzrechte für eigene Techniken helfen dabei, Marktpositionen zu definieren, zu festigen und auszubauen.
26. Steinheimer Gespräche: Datenwissenschaften in der Chemie
Authors: Lang Lucas , Schneidewind Jacob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIm Juni fanden die 26. Steinheimer Gespräche des Verbandes der Chemischen Industrie (VCI) in Mainz statt. Dazu trafen sich auf Einladung des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) Liebig‐Stipendiat:innen sowie Vertreter:innen aus Industrie und Wissenschaft. Sie diskutierten die zukünftige Rolle von Datenwissenschaften in der Chemie.
Schokolade kann noch besser
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForschende entschlüsseln die Mikroorganismen und die Moleküle, die Schokolade zu dem Produkt machen, das wir so mögen. Neue Verarbeitungsprozesse und schnelle, umfassende Analytik sollen dabei helfen, die kakaohaltige
Pro & Contra Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel
Authors: Rohn Sascha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHochverarbeitete Lebensmittel – es spricht vieles für sie, es gibt aber auch gute Gründe, vorsichtig zu sein. Sascha Rohn, Professor für Lebensmittelchemie und Analytik, übernimmt bei diesem Pro & Contra nacheinander sowohl die Rolle des Fürsprechers als auch die des Mahners.
Maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy and its impact on fetal hepatic function in baboons
Authors: Meakin Ashley S. , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Li Cun , Huber Hillary F. , Clifton Vicki L. , Wiese Michael D. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveMaternal obesity (MO) increases the risk of later‐life liver disease in offspring, especially in males. This may be due to impaired cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity driven by an altered maternal‐fetal hormonal milieu. MO increases fetal cortisol concentrations that may increase CYP activity; however, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐mediated signaling can be modulated by alternative GR isoform expression. We hypothesized that MO induces sex‐specific changes in GR isoform expression and localization that contribute to reduced hepatic CYP activity.MethodsNonpregnant, nulliparous female baboons were assigned to either an ad libitum control diet or a high‐fat, high‐energy diet (HF‐HED) at 9 months pre pregnancy. At 165 days' gestation (term = 180 days), fetal liver samples were collected (n = 6/sex/group). CYP activity was quantified using functional assays, and GR was measured using quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsCYP3A activity was reduced in the HF‐HED group, whereas CYP2B6 activity was reduced in HF‐HED males only. Total GR expression was increased in the HF‐HED group. Relative nuclear expression of the antagonistic GR isoform GRβ was increased in HF‐HED males only.ConclusionsReduced CYP activity in HF‐HED males may be driven in part by dampened hepatic‐specific glucocorticoid signaling via altered GR isoform expression. These findings highlight targetable mechanisms that may reduce later‐life sex‐specific disease risk.
Polyethylene/graphene‐nanoplatelets nanocomposites with improved thermochemical stability: The role of surface polarity of graphene‐nanoplatelets
Authors: Ghadami Karder Hamidreza , Pircheraghi Gholamreza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) absorb free radicals and slow polymer degradation. A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of GNP polarity and concentration on polyethylene stability in ClO2‐containing water. The addition of graphene nanoplatelets SG: high polarity and CG: low polarity improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of bimodal high‐density polyethylene (PE100). As a result of the application of traditional primary and secondary antioxidants, as well as the addition of 0.1% CG, the thermo‐oxidative stability of PE100 was significantly increased, according to the oxidative induction time (OIT). The synergistic thermal stabilization effect of GNP is derived from the free radical scavenging and tortuous path effect of CG. Rheological measurements showed that the appropriate nanofiller and antioxidant combined prevent polymer thermo‐oxidation degradation during melt processing. As a result of 3 weeks of aging in chlorine dioxide‐containing water, the neat sample (PE100) demonstrates only 50% elongation at break, whereas the sample with 0.6 wt% of CG shows 200% elongation at break after 3 weeks, due to the formation of a tortuous barrier and radical scavenging of the CG structures.Highlights
DPPH assay test confirms the antioxidant scavenging capability of the GNPs.
The appropriate nanofiller and antioxidant combined to prevent polymer thermo‐oxidation degradation during melt processing.
Low polarity GNP can be dispersed more uniformly in the nanocomposite matrix.
Nanocomposite containing lower polarity GNP shows more resistance against thermochemical degradation.
Development and characterization of air jet vortex yarn with novel fiber blends
Authors: Alam Khurshid , Rahman Mahbubur , Li Menghan , Rahman Md Ashikur , Aptabusjaman Md , Islam Tarikul , Xing Mingjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAir jet vortex spinning has become more popular due to its higher productivity, improved yarn quality, and recent technological advancements. This research explores the interplay between fiber composition, spinning techniques, and yarn properties, comparing them to traditional ring‐spun yarns. Air jet vortex spinning is typically used for fibers like viscose and polyester, with limited exploration of new fibers. This study uses novel fibers to create air jet vortex yarns, examining their spin ability, properties, and structure. Both air jet vortex and ring‐spun yarns were produced using blends of new and conventional fibers, such as Tencel A100, eco‐friendly viscose, recycled polyester, acrylic, combed cotton, and polyester, all with a linear density of 18 Ne. Compositions included acrylic/environmental viscose/combed cotton, polyester/viscose, and recycled polyester/Tencel A100 (80/20). From the analysis of mechanical properties, results revealed that air jet vortex yarns exhibited superior properties to ring‐spun yarns, except for evenness. A/R/C, T/TA100, and TR air jet vortex yarns exhibited a good tensile strength of 383.67, 702.8, and 656.4 cN, respectively, which are higher than ring spun yarns. Air jet vortex yarns showed 90% less hairiness compared with ring‐spun yarns. Moreover, the internal structure of both air jet vortex and ring‐spun yarn was thoroughly examined using scanning electron microscopy. This study also highlights the innovative potential and sustainability of air jet vortex yarns in the textile industry.Highlights
Investigating the relationship between fiber composition, spinning techniques, and yarn properties, comparing them to traditional ring‐spun yarns.
Utilizing novel fibers to create air jet vortex yarns and analyzing their spin ability, properties, and structure.
Producing blends of new and conventional fibers, including Tencel A100, eco‐friendly viscose, recycled polyester, acrylic, combed cotton, and polyester, all with a linear density of 18 Ne.
Demonstrating superior mechanical properties of air jet vortex yarns compared with ring‐spun yarns, except for evenness, underscoring their innovative potential, and sustainability in the textile industry.
Effect of cyclosporin A on respiratory viral replication in fully differentiated ex vivo human airway epithelia
Authors: Bondeelle Louise , Huang Song , Constant Samuel , Clément Sophie , Salmona Maud , Le Goff Jérôme , Bergeron Anne , Tapparel Caroline 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug used in transplant recipients, inhibits graft rejection by binding to cyclophilins and competitively inhibiting calcineurin. While concerns about respiratory infections in immunosuppressed patients exist, contradictory data emerged during the COVID‐19 pandemic, prompting investigations into CsA's impact on viral infections. This study explores CsA's antiviral effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1, Delta variants, and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) using an ex vivo model of human airway epithelium (HAE). CsA exhibited a dose‐dependent antiviral effect against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant, reducing viral load over 10 days. However, no significant impact was observed against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron or HPIV3, indicating a virus‐specific effect. At high concentrations, CsA was associated with an increase of IL‐8 and a decrease of IFNλ expression in infected and noninfected HAE. This study highlights the complexity of CsA's antiviral mechanisms, more likely involving intricate inflammatory pathways and interactions with specific viral proteins. The research provides novel insights into CsA's effects on respiratory viruses, emphasizing the need for understanding drug–virus interactions in optimizing therapeutic approaches for transplant recipients and advancing knowledge on immunosuppressive treatments' implications on respiratory viral infections. Limitations include the model's inability to assess T lymphocyte activation, suggesting the necessity for further comprehensive studies to decipher the intricate dynamics of immunosuppressive treatments on respiratory viral infections.