bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tapped Out: Do People With Aphasia Have Rhythm Processing Deficits?
Authors: Zipse Lauryn , Worek Amanda , Guarino Anthony J. , Shattuck-Hufnagel Stefanie 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
In this study, the authors tested whether people with aphasia (PWAs) show an impaired ability to process rhythm, both in terms of perception and production.

Method
Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 16 PWAs and 15 age-matched control participants performed 3 rhythm tasks: tapping along to short rhythms, tapping these same rhythms from memory immediately after presentation, and making same–different judgments about pairs of tapped rhythms that they heard. Comparison tasks measured same–different judgment ability with visual stimuli and nonverbal working memory (Corsi blocks). In Experiment 2, 14 PWAs and 16 control participants made same–different judgments for pairs of auditory stimuli that differed in terms of rhythm or pitch (for comparison).

Results
In Experiment 1, PWAs performed worse than control participants across most measures of rhythm processing. In contrast, PWAs and control participants did not differ in their performance on the comparison tasks. In Experiment 2, the PWAs performed worse than control participants across all conditions but with a more marked deficit in stimulus pairs that differed in rhythm than in those that differed in pitch.

Conclusions
The results support the hypothesis that at least some PWAs exhibit deficits of rhythm and timing. This may have implications for treatments involving tapping or other rhythmic cues.
Polarisation analysing complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor image sensor in 65‐nm standard CMOS technology
Authors: Wakama N. , Okabayashi D. , Noda T. , Sasagawa K. , Tokuda T. , Kakiuchi K. , Ohta J. 
Published: September 2014

In the present study, the authors demonstrate a complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor implemented with on‐chip polarisers using 65‐nm standard CMOS technology. The polariser is composed of metal wire grids made of metal wires fabricated by the CMOS process. An extinction ratio of 18.8 dB was obtained for a single pixel with an on‐chip polariser, where the line/space widths have the finest pitch obtainable by 65‐nm technology. Electrical crosstalk between pixels is reduced by over 25% using a guard ring structure. Polarisation imaging by the sensor was also performed.
Improvement of 200 kHz optical beam scanner performance with multiple internal reflection
Authors: Toyoda Seiji , Sasaki Yuzo , Kobayashi Junya 
Published: September 2014

The authors have realised a KTax Nb1− x O3 ‐based optical beam scanner that has three‐ and five‐pass configurations with internal reflection whose scanning angle is exactly proportional to the optical path length. They successfully increased the scanning angle to about 140 mrad with a 200 kHz modulation using a five‐pass configuration. This beam scanner will provide an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a spatial resolution of 7 μm and advantages over other OCT systems.
Compact ultra‐wideband antenna with band‐notched based on defected ground structure
Authors: Karimian Reza , Tadayon Hamed 
Published: September 2014

A simple and very compact planar monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with a 3.5 GHz band rejection is proposed in this Letter. The compact antenna is etched on an FR4 substrate with the size of 14 × 16 × 1 mm3, consists of a tree‐shaped radiation patch with modified ground structure. To reject certain frequency band, a pair of parallel strip patch, acting as a parasitic element is used. Prototype of the proposed antenna was constructed and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth of the realised antenna with optimal parameters is from 2.6 to 12 GHz (128%) for voltage standing wave ratio <2 with an unwanted band notched from 3.3 to 4 GHz. Moreover, the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation patterns in the H ‐plane.
Design of a ferrite rod antenna for harvesting energy from medium wave broadcast signals
Authors: Dyo Vladimir , Ajmal Tahmina , Allen Ben , Jazani David , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: September 2014

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is an emerging technology that has the potential to eliminate the need for batteries and reduce maintenance costs of sensing applications. The antenna is one of the critical components that determines its performance and while antenna design has been well researched for the purpose of communication, the design for RF energy harvesting applications has not been widely addressed. The authors present an optimised design for such an antenna for harvesting energy from medium wave broadcast transmissions. They derive and use a model for computing the optimal antenna configuration given application requirements on output voltage and power, material costs and physical dimensions. Design requirements for powering autonomous smart meters have been considered. The proposed approach was used to obtain the antenna configuration that is able to deliver 1 mW of power to 1 kΩ load at a distance of up to 9 km, sufficient to replace batteries on low‐power sensing applications. Measurements using a prototype device have been used to verify the authors simulations.
Prediction formulas for a notched frequency response of a printed ultra‐wideband antenna loaded with notching resonators
Authors: Saad Ayman Ayd R. , Ali Mohamed Mamdouh M. , Khaled Elsayed Esam M. 
Published: September 2014

This Letter presents closed‐form formulas for fast approximate determination of frequency band notches of ultra‐wideband (UWB) antennas loaded with nearly quarter‐/half‐ or even full‐wavelength notches resonators. The formulas are derived using the curve‐fitting technique. They describe the influences of the physical length of these notches resonators on the corresponding frequency notches in the UWB of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The calculated results obtained using these new formulas show good correlation with the reported electromagnetic simulation results elsewhere.
Super wideband characteristics of monopolar patch antenna
Authors: Chen Xi , Fu Guang , Xi Li , Zhang Simin 
Published: September 2014

A simple method of acquiring super wideband characteristics for monopolar patch antenna is proposed. Through adopting a modified cone as feeding and radiating structure, the monopolar patch antenna can reach the impedance bandwidth of more than 1:23.4 for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2. In the whole operating band, the antenna has the like‐monopole omnidirectional radiation patterns and the peak gains of 3.8–8.7 dB. Meanwhile, the height of the antenna is just 0.074λ c, and the diameter of the radiated body is 0.205λ c, which is smaller than other ultra‐wideband omnidirectional antenna.
Coplanar waveguide fed 9‐point star shape monopole antennas for worldwide interoperability for microwave access and wireless local area network applications
Authors: Mandal Tapan , Das Santanu 
Published: September 2014

In this Letter, a coplanar waveguide fed monopole antenna with a band stop characteristic is proposed for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna has a small size of 30 × 45 mm2. The antenna consists of a 9‐point star radiating patch. The band rejection characteristic is realised by introducing a pair of L‐shaped slots in the ground plane. The prototype and proposed antennas have been constructed and experimentally studied. The measured return loss shows a reasonable agreement with the simulated one. Impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna are studied. It is found that the results are suitable for 3.05–3.84 GHz WiMAX and 5.15–5.825 GHz WLAN applications. The antenna exhibits omni‐directional radiation pattern and appreciable gain across the operating bands. It is suitable for portable wireless communication systems.
Q‐switched thulium‐doped fibre laser operating at 1900 nm using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber
Authors: Saidin Norazlina , Zen Dess I.M. , Ahmad Fauzan , Haris Hazlihan , Ahmad Muhammad T. , Latiff Anas A. , Ahmad Harith , Dimyati Kaharudin , Harun Sulaiman W. 
Published: September 2014

Simple, low‐cost and stable passive Q‐switched thulium‐doped fibre lasers (TDFLs) operating at 1892.4 and 1910.8 nm are demonstrated using 802 and 1552 nm pumping schemes, respectively, in conjunction with a multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) saturable absorber (SA). The MWCNTs composite is prepared by mixing the MWCNTs homogeneous solution into a dilute polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer solution before it is left to dry at room temperature to produce thin film. Then the film is sandwiched between two FC/PC fibre connectors and integrated into the laser cavity for Q‐switching pulse generation. The pulse repetition rate of the TDFL configured with 802 nm pump can be tuned from 3.8 to 4.6 kHz, whereas the corresponding pulse width reduces from 22.1 to 18.3 μs as the pump power is increased from 187.3 to 194.2 mW. On the other hand, with 1552 nm pumping, the TDFL generates optical pulse train with a repetition rate ranging from 13.1 to 21.7 kHz with a pulse width of 11.5–7.9 μs when the pump power is tuned from 302.2 to 382.1 mW. A higher performance Q‐switched TDFL is expected to be achieved with the optimisation of the MWCNT‐SA saturable absorber and laser cavity.
Transgenerational left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension in offspring after uteroplacental insufficiency in male rats
Authors: Master Jordanna S , Zimanyi Monika A , Yin Kom V , Moritz Karen M , Gallo Linda A , Tran Melanie , Wlodek Mary E , Black Mary J 
Published: September 2014

SummaryEpidemiological studies have shown an association between low birthweight and adult disease development with transmission to subsequent generations. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of intrauterine growth restriction in rats, induced by uteroplacental insufficiency, on cardiac structure, number, size, nuclearity, and adult blood pressure in first (F1) and second (F2) generation male offspring. Uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery was induced in F0 Wistar‐Kyoto pregnant rats in late gestation giving rise to F1 restricted and control offspring, respectively. F1 control and restricted females were mated with normal males, resulting in F2 control and restricted offspring, respectively. F1 restricted male offspring were significantly lighter at birth (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in birthweight of F2 offspring. Left ventricular weights and volumes were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in F1 and F2 restricted offspring at day 35. Left ventricular cardiomyocyte number was not different in F1 and F2 restricted offspring. At 6 months‐of‐age, F1 and F2 restricted offspring had elevated blood pressure (8–15 mmHg, P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate the emergence of left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension, with no change in cardiomyocyte number, in F1 restricted male offspring, and this was transmitted to the F2 offspring. The findings support transgenerational programming effects.
A Hospital‐Specific Template for Benchmarking its Cost and Quality
Authors: Silber Jeffrey H. , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Ross Richard N. , Ludwig Justin M. , Wang Wei , Niknam Bijan A. , Saynisch Philip A. , Even‐Shoshan Orit , Kelz Rachel R. , Fleisher Lee A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveDevelop an improved method for auditing hospital cost and quality tailored to a specific hospital's patient population.Data Sources/SettingMedicare claims in general, gynecologic and urologic surgery, and orthopedics from Illinois, New York, and Texas between 2004 and 2006.Study DesignA template of 300 representative patients from a single index hospital was constructed and used to match 300 patients at 43 hospitals that had a minimum of 500 patients over a 3‐year study period.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsFrom each of 43 hospitals we chose 300 patients most resembling the template using multivariate matching.Principal FindingsWe found close matches on procedures and patient characteristics, far more balanced than would be expected in a randomized trial. There were little to no differences between the index hospital's template and the 43 hospitals on most patient characteristics yet large and significant differences in mortality, failure‐to‐rescue, and cost.ConclusionMatching can produce fair, directly standardized audits. From the perspective of the index hospital, “hospital‐specific” template matching provides the fairness of direct standardization with the specific institutional relevance of indirect standardization. Using this approach, hospitals will be better able to examine their performance, and better determine why they are achieving the results they observe.
Study of methanogen communities associated with different rumen protozoal populations
Authors: Belanche Alejandro , de la Fuente Gabriel , Newbold Charles J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Protozoa-associated methanogens (PAM) are considered one of the most active communities in the rumen methanogenesis. This experiment investigated whether methanogens are sequestrated within rumen protozoa, and structural differences between rumen free-living methanogens and PAM. Rumen protozoa were harvested from totally faunated sheep, and six protozoal fractions (plus free-living microorganisms) were generated by sequential filtration. Holotrich-monofaunated sheep were also used to investigate the holotrich-associated methanogens. Protozoal size determined the number of PAM as big protozoa had 1.7–3.3 times more methanogen DNA than smaller protozoa, but also more endosymbiotic bacteria (2.2- to 3.5-fold times). Thus, similar abundance of methanogens with respect to total bacteria were observed across all protozoal fractions and free-living microorganisms, suggesting that methanogens are not accumulated within rumen protozoa in a greater proportion to that observed in the rumen as a whole. All rumen methanogen communities had similar diversity (22.2 ± 3.4 TRFs). Free-living methanogens composed a conserved community (67% similarity within treatment) in the rumen with similar diversity but different structures than PAM (P&lt; 0.05). On the contrary, PAM constituted a more variable community (48% similarity), which differed between holotrich and total protozoa (P&lt; 0.001). Thus, PAM constitutes a community, which requires further investigation as part of methane mitigation strategies.
Absence of protective effect of oral contraceptive use on the development of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Chen Qi , Jin Zhichao , Xiang Chun , Cai Qing , Shi Wentao , He Jia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on observational studies. Summary estimates were obtained using fixed‐ or random‐effects models as appropriate. Dose‐response meta‐analysis, subgroup analysis, cumulative meta‐analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were performed.ResultsOur meta‐analysis of 28 studies included 18 case‐control, three nested case‐control, and seven cohort studies. In case‐control studies, the risk of RA of ever, current and past OC users was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.89), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.48–1.06) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.44–1.01), respectively, compared to that of never OC users. In prospective studies, the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) of ever, current and past OC use were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.87–1.15), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.70–1.23) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.78–1.12), respectively. A cumulative meta‐analysis showed that the pooled ORs moved to the midline with an increase in sample size as years passed. There was an inverse association between OC use and severity of RA (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22–0.78). Dose‐response meta‐analysis of the study data revealed that the association between OC use and risk of RA was independent of duration of OC use.ConclusionOC use has no protective effect on RA onset, but appears to prevent progression to severe RA. In addition, OC use has a lower protective effect on the risk of RA with change in OC composition. Finally, no cumulative effect was found between OC use and risk of RA.
A case with rheumatod arthritis and atraumatic odontoid fracture: disappearence of bony landmarks
Authors: Findikoglu Gulin , Ardic Fusun , Akkaya Nuray , Sahin Fusun , Sabir Nuran , Cirak Bayram 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe aim to draw attention to occult, atraumatic fractures of the odontoid process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to underline difficulties encountered during clinical and radiological diagnosis. A forty‐seven years old man with RA for 4 years had occipital pain for 1 year without any history of trauma. Later, he developed weakness in the upper extremities, but he did not realize weakness in the lower extremities due to deformities. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging revealed a linear fracture of odontiod process and myelopathy. Cervical computed tomography scan revealed an old fracture border with separated and almost disappeared remnant of the tip of the odontoid without free particles in the cord. It was impossible to evaluate atlantoaxial and vertical subluxations with craniometric measurements due to destruction of the tip of odontoid. Following occipitocervical fusion and decompression and a rehabilitation program, his muscle strength improved; however, functional myelopathy stage did not change. Atraumatic fractures of the odontoid process may be more common than reported and may cause compression of the spinal cord or brain stem. Surgery is the treatment of choice but functional recovery is limited once neuronal damage has occurred. Erosion of the critical landmarks makes it difficult to diagnose and follow up atlantoaxial subluxation and/or vertical subluxation, therefore clinicians should consider radiographical follow‐ups during the course of the disease.
Quality of life in non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Gaulin Charles , Sebaratnam Deshan F , Fernández‐Peñas Pablo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common malignancies and are classified under the umbrella of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).NMSCexerts a small but appreciable decrement in quality of life (QOL). The impact posed may arise from the tumour itself or as a result of treatment, and through symptoms, functional limitations, cosmetic burden and auxiliary considerations such as cost and disturbance to the activities of daily living. Researchers have evaluated this burden using a variety of outcome measures including generic, dermatology‐specific and disease‐specific instruments. The skin cancer index represents a promising disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure in this setting. To overcome some of the constraints inherent to disease‐specific instruments, and to allow comparisons with other diseases, utility weightings have been developed. Utility weightings represent a cardinal measure for a specific health status and are established through methods such as the standard gamble, willingness‐to‐pay and time trade‐off, and have also been employed to generate utility weightings forNMSC. Utilities are becoming increasingly important as a means of comparing health states across medicine and are of particular importance from a health‐care policy perspective as they are used for resource allocation. The small but definite impact on the individual'sQOLposed byNMSCshould be a clinical consideration for physicians and it should be recognised by researchers as a potential outcome measure.
The rise and fall of Leptospermum laevigatum: plant community change associated with the invasion and senescence of a range‐expanding native species
Authors: O'Loughlin Luke S. , Green Peter T. , Morgan John W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractQuestionShrub invasions often alter ground layer vegetation but the permanence of these changes is sometimes unclear. We asked: (i) do affected communities recover to their former state when invading species decline; (ii) do plant species density and composition change through the successional sequence of shrub invasion, dominance and decline; and, if yes, (iii) is change dependent on the scale of observation?LocationYanakie Isthmus, Wilsons Promontory National Park, southeastern Victoria, Australia.MethodsWe use a nested quadrat approach along a chronosequence of invasion states (uninvaded, invaded, senescent) to document composition and diversity of coastal grassy woodland in response to invasion by the range‐expanding native shrub Leptospermum laevigatum (Myrtaceae) across multiple spatial scales. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling and species–area curves were used to assess changes in vegetation and the ability of invaded communities to return to ‘uninvaded’ states after the senescence of Leptospermum.ResultsShrub invasion did not lead to a decline in total species density. However, there was a significant shift in species composition, suggesting species replacement. Canopy gaps created by Leptospermum senescence had significantly higher species density at a large scale of observation (256 m2), but not at any of the smaller scales. Species composition within Leptospermum gaps was initially highly variable and significantly dissimilar to that prior to gap creation. With increasing time‐since‐gap creation, floristic composition became less varied and more similar to the uninvaded state, but the oldest gaps were still compositionally different to the uninvaded state. These results were coupled with decreases in light, soil nitrate and soil moisture following invasion, and an increase in those variables following the creation of tree‐fall gaps.ConclusionsCommunity composition was positively influenced by the creation of gaps within an otherwise shrub‐dominated ecosystem. Gaps represent the removal of potential inhibitory influences created by the dominant species and permit the return of the system to that more similar the uninvaded state. Gaps also increased heterogeneity in the landscape that promoted species diversity in an otherwise uniform landscape. These patterns were scale‐invariant.
Bosutinib versus imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukaemia: results from the 24‐month follow‐up of the BELA trial
Authors: Brümmendorf Tim H. , Cortes Jorge E. , de Souza Cármino Antonio , Guilhot Francois , Duvillié Ladan , Pavlov Dmitri , Gogat Karïn , Countouriotis Athena M. , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBosutinib is an oral, dual SRC/ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for resistant/intolerant chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We assessed the efficacy and safety of bosutinib 500 mg/d (n = 250) versus imatinib 400 mg/d (n = 252) after >24 months from accrual completion in newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP)‐CML (Bosutinib Efficacy and Safety in Newly Diagnosed CML trial [BELA]). Cumulative complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) rates by 24 months were similar (bosutinib, 79%; imatinib, 80%); cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rates were 59% for bosutinib and 49% for imatinib. Responses were durable; 151/197 vs. 172/204 and 125/153 vs. 117/131 responders remained on treatment and maintained CCyR and MMR, respectively. Since the 12‐month primary analysis, no new accelerated‐/blast‐phase transformations occurred with bosutinib; four occurred with imatinib. Early response (BCR‐ABL1/ABL1 ≤ 10%, 3 months) was associated with better CCyR and MMR rates by 12 and 24 months (both arms). Gastrointestinal events and liver function test elevations were more common, and neutropenia, musculoskeletal events and oedema were less common with bosutinib. Discontinuations due to adverse events were more common with bosutinib versus imatinib (most commonly alanine aminotransferase elevation: 4% vs. <1%); most occurred within the first 12 months. Cardiovascular adverse events were similar in both arms. Bosutinib continues to demonstrate good efficacy and manageable tolerability in newly diagnosed CP‐CML patients.