bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal stability in forest productivity increases with tree diversity due to asynchrony in species dynamics
Authors: Morin Xavier , Fahse Lorenz , de Mazancourt Claire , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Bugmann Harald 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTheory predicts a positive relationship between biodiversity and stability in ecosystem properties, while diversity is expected to have a negative impact on stability at the species level. We used virtual experiments based on a dynamic simulation model to test for the diversity–stability relationship and its underlying mechanisms in Central European forests. First our results show that variability in productivity between stands differing in species composition decreases as species richness and functional diversity increase. Second we show temporal stability increases with increasing diversity due to compensatory dynamics across species, supporting the biodiversity insurance hypothesis. We demonstrate that this pattern is mainly driven by the asynchrony of species responses to small disturbances rather than to environmental fluctuations, and is only weakly affected by the net biodiversity effect on productivity. Furthermore, our results suggest that compensatory dynamics between species may enhance ecosystem stability through an optimisation of canopy occupancy by coexisting species.
Webs of causation in violent relationships
Authors: Katerndahl David , Burge Sandra , Ferrer Robert , Becho Johanna , Wood Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPredictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) include husband, wife and relational characteristics. However, we know little about the proximal, day‐to‐day triggering of abusive events. The purpose of the study was to analyse the daily temporal relationships among environmental, relational and violence variables in violent marital relationships.MethodTwo hundred adult primary care women who experienced violence in the previous month were recruited from six primary care clinics. Women completed daily assessments of household environment, marital relationship and violence using telephone interactive verbal response for 12 weeks. Same‐day correlates were sought using cross‐correlations among the environmental, relational and violence factors. Prior‐day and prior‐week associations were sought using vector autoregressions.ResultsExcept for wife's alcohol intake, all household environment and relationship factors demonstrated significant same‐day correlations with IPV. However, prior‐day violence by the husband, hassles, lack of husband's alcohol intake, emotional upset and marital distance were significantly related to current husband‐perpetrated violence. Wife's violence depended upon her prior‐day violence and alcohol intake only. All factors were related to husband‐perpetrated violence in the subsequent week. Only wife's alcohol intake and husband's seeking forgiveness did not feedforward. In addition to the presence of multiple interdependent factors, circular causality was noted for marital distance and feeling upset.ConclusionsIPV was due to multiple interdependent factors, feedforward dynamics and circular causality as expected in complex systems. The complex dynamics imply that simple interventions may have little chance of success, but understanding couple‐specific dynamics may allow women to recognize high‐risk prior‐day profiles and take preventive action.
Fatty Acid Profiling for Assessment of Diarrheal‐Type Enterotoxin Producing and Nonproducing Bacillus cereus Origin from Foods Getting into Lithuanian Market
Authors: Jonkuvienė D. , Šalomskienė J. , Zaborskienė G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe study was undertaken to compare intraspecific variation of fatty acid (FA) profiles of Bacillus cereus isolated from different foods in order to find out if these profiles could be used for assessment of diarrheal‐type enterotoxin producing and nonproducing strains. A total of 123 strains of presumptive B. cereus were isolated from ready‐to‐eat foods, dried milk products, and dry products of nonmilk origin and identified by pyrosequencing assay. About 29.3% of B. cereus isolates were found to be enterotoxic. Statistical hierarchical cluster analysis did not show relation among diarrheal‐type enterotoxin producing and nonproducing B. cereus based on FA profiles in individual isolates. The profiles of cellular FA in B. cereus depended on the food type; however, all isolates produced 10 common FAs. Production of common FA within diarrheal‐type enterotoxin producing and nonproducing B. cereus changed when B. cereus was cultivated on tryptic soy agar supplemented with various additives or in liquid medium.Practical ApplicationsFoodborne pathogens are one of the major sources of infectious diseases in humans. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania, while releasing the report on the morbidity of various diseases including diarrhea, did not emphasize cases related to B. cereus. The data collected in this study demonstrated the pathogenicity level of B. cereus found in food products getting into the Lithuanian market. The classical microbiological method for B. cereus confirmation is time consuming, and genetic identification is rather expensive. Therefore, it is appropriate to seek faster and cheaper methods for the identification of these bacteria. Studies on detailed FA produced in B. cereus strains could be used for the characterization of intrinsic features of B. cereus, while common butyric, myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids could be used as biological markers for differentiation of diarrheal‐type enterotoxin producing and nonproducing B. cereus origin from foods of different type.
Flaxseed Oil for Control of Peanut Rust and Its Disease Control Mechanism
Authors: Chen Wen‐Yang , Ko Wen‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSeverity of peanut rust caused by Puccinia arachidis was reduced by 15 edible oils tested. Flaxseed oil was the best suppressing the disease completely. Peanut oil, wheat germ oil, brown rice oil, aloe oil, olive oil and corn germ oil also caused more than 75% reduction in disease incidence. Flaxseed oil reduced the rust to a negligible level in the greenhouse and was nearly as effective as the fungicide chlorothalonil in peanut field trials. The control of peanut rust by flaxseed oil did not result from activation of the host defence mechanisms. Flaxseed oil did not affect urediniospore germination, but reduced the germ tube length and completely suppressed appressorium formation which is essential for the pathogen to form an infection peg to pass through the stomatal aperture and infect the host tissue. Although the pathogen had penetrated, flaxseed oil still exerted some inhibitory effect against the growth of the pathogen. The advantages of using flaxseed oil to control peanut rust are that it is relatively inexpensive, easy to prepare, and friendly to the environment and human health.
The invasive weed Ventenata dubia is a host of Barley yellow dwarf virus with implications for an endangered grassland habitat
Authors: Ingwell L L , Bosque‐Pérez N A 
Published: September 2014

SummaryVentenata dubia (African wiregrass), a winter annual weed, is a non‐native species invading grasslands, rangelands and pastures throughout the USA. Limited information is available on its suitability as a host to pathogens and insects in its invaded range. The barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus (B/CYDV) complex occurs ubiquitously in Poaceae species. In non‐managed grasslands, BYDV infection influences competitive dynamics between native and invasive grasses and facilitates invasion by non‐native annual weeds. The Palouse prairie of south‐eastern Washington and northern Idaho, USA, is an endangered ecosystem. Surveys of V. dubia in Palouse prairie and neighbouring Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) habitats were conducted to determine whether B/CYDV viral species are present. Laboratory tests examined the suitability of V. dubia to host BYDV‐PAV and serve as an inoculum source. Plant growth and weight parameters were measured to gauge the impact of BYDV‐PAV on V. dubia. Infection of V. dubia in Palouse prairie and CRP habitats with two species of BYDV, PAV and SGV, was detected for the first time. The ability of BYDV‐PAV to infect V. dubia in the laboratory and transmission from infected V. dubia to barley were demonstrated. BYDV‐PAV‐infected V. dubia showed reductions in plant height, number of leaves and tillers per plant, and above‐ground dry weight, suggesting that V. dubia is sensitive to BYDV. Results demonstrate that V. dubia is a host to BYDV and may serve as a virus inoculum source with potential implications for its management, competitive dynamics between invasive and native grasses and future conservation of endangered grasslands.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Taken from the Blood of a Preterm Neonatal Blood Sepsis Patient
Authors: Kropp K. A. , Lucid A. , Carroll J. , Belgrudov V. , Walsh P. , Kelly B. , Templeton K. , Smith C. , Dickinson P. , O'Driscoll A. , Ghazal P. , Sleator R. D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of
Staphylococcus aureus
ED-NGS-1006, cultivated from a blood sample taken from a neonatal sepsis patient at the Royal Infirmary in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Antiatherosclerotic Effects of Long-Term Maximally Intensive Statin Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Puri Rishi , Nissen Steven E. , Shao Mingyuan , Ballantyne Christie M. , Barter Philip J. , Chapman M. John , Erbel Raimund , Libby Peter , Raichlen Joel S. , Uno Kiyoko , Kataoka Yu , Nicholls Stephen J. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives—
Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) display diffuse coronary atheroma instability and heightened risk of early and late recurrent coronary events. We compared the long-term antiatherosclerotic efficacy of high-intensity statins in patients with ACS when compared with stable disease.

Approach and Results—

Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin (SATURN) used serial intravascular ultrasound measures of coronary atheroma volume in patients treated with rosuvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg for 24 months. The overall effect of high-intensity statins on the change in coronary percent atheroma volume and major adverse cardiovascular events (death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization) were evaluated in this post hoc analysis. When compared with non-ACS patients (n=678), patients with ACS (n=361) were younger, actively smoking, and have had a previous myocardial infarction (all
P
<0.001). At baseline, patients with ACS exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (43.5±11 versus 45.8±11 mg/dL;
P
=0.002), a higher apolipoprotein B: apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (0.90±0.24 versus 0.83±0.24;
P
<0.001) and greater percent atheroma volume (37.3±8.5% versus 35.9±8.1%;
P
=0.01) when compared with non-ACS patients. Despite similar achieved levels of lipid and inflammatory markers after high-intensity statin therapy, patients with ACS demonstrated greater percent atheroma volume regression than non-ACS patients (−1.46±0.14 versus −0.89±0.13;
P
=0.003). After propensity-weighted multivariable adjustment, baseline percent atheroma volume (
P
<0.001) and an ACS clinical presentation (
P
=0.02) independently associated with plaque regression. The 24-month major adverse cardiovascular events–free survival was similar between patients with ACS and non-ACS (90.6 versus 92.9%;
P
=0.25).

Conclusions—
Long-term high-intensity statin therapy caused greater plaque regression and comparable major adverse cardiovascular events rates in ACS when compared with non-ACS patients. Despite a higher clinical risk profile, patients with ACS harbor a more modifiable disease substrate and seem to benefit the most from potent statin therapy.
Shoplifting of Everyday Products That Serve Illicit Drug Uses
Authors: Smith Brian T. , Clarke Ronald V. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives: Some everyday products, particularly over-the-counter drugs, which are sold in supermarkets and other stores can produce a “high” or serve other roles in illicit drug use. Informed by CRAVED, a model of theft choices derived from crime opportunity theory, this study explores whether products with known roles in drug use are shoplifted at higher rates than other products. Methods: Products that serve a variety of roles in illicit drug use were identified through a review of the medical literature and web sources. Data from 204 supermarkets yielded theft rates for 551 of these products, which were compared with theft rates for 7,887 products sold by the same stores without known roles in drug abuse. Results: Theft rates of products with roles in drug use were significantly higher than theft rates of other products. Conclusions: Knowing which products are shoplifted can provide only limited information about the shoplifter’s “craft.” In this case, more information was needed about the security given to products by the stores, which has broader implications for CRAVED. Despite this, the findings about the higher theft rates of products with known drug roles could assist retailers, manufacturers, and responsible government agencies to secure these products from theft.
Allatostatin A-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system and gut of the larval midge, Chironomus riparius (Meigen): Modulation of hindgut motility, rectal K+ transport and implications for exposure to salinity
Authors: Robertson Lisa , Chasiotis Helen , Galperin Vladimir , Donini Andrew 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Evidence for the presence of allatostatin (AST) A-like neuropeptides in the larval midge, Chironomus riparius is reported. Immunohistochemical studies on the nervous system and gut revealed the presence of AST A-like immunoreactive (AST-IR) cells and processes. The nerve cord contained AST-IR processes that originated from cells in the brain and travelled the length of nerve cord to the terminal ganglion. Within each ganglion, these processes gave rise to varicosities suggesting that they formed synapses with neurons in the ganglia. Endocrine cells containing AST-IR were present in three regions of the midgut: near the attachment of the Malpighian tubules, between the anterior and posterior midgut and in the vicinity of the gastric caecae. The terminal ganglion also contained 4 AST-IR cells which gave rise to axons that projected onto the hindgut and posterior midgut. Application of a cockroach AST to the semi-isolated hindgut of larval C. riparius led to dose-dependent inhibition of muscle contractions with an EC50 of ~ 10 nM and a decrease in rectal K+ reabsorption resulting from reduced rectal Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and vacuolar type H+-ATPase (VA) activities. The results suggest the presence of endogenous AST-like neuropeptides in the larval midge C. riparius where these factors play a role in the function of the gut. Furthermore, regulation of ion reabsorption by ASTs at the rectum could serve as an ideal mechanism of ion regulation in the face of abrupt and acute elevated salt levels.
Cross-Cultural Dialogue as a Tool to Nurture and Develop Multicultural Competences of a Teacher’s Personality
Authors: Болотина  , Bolotina Tatyana , Мишина  , Mishina I. 
Published: September 2014

This country is one of the world’s most multinational states; among the peoples inhabiting this country up to 180 ethnoses and ethnic groups
and followers of all major world religions are represented, as well as groups, belonging to various ethnoconfessional communities, several civilization
and cultural as well as historic and cultural communities.
On Investigating the Effectiveness of Biometric Readers in Thwarting Network Attacks: A Secure Architecture Design Proposal
Authors: Trabelsi Zouheir , Al Hemairy Mohamed , Masud Mohammad M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBiometrics readers are deployed in many public sites and are used for user identification and verification. Nowadays, most biometrics readers can be connected to local area networks, and consequently, they are potential targets for network attacks. This article investigates the robustness of several fingerprint and iris readers against common denial of service (DoS) attacks. This investigation has been conducted using a set of laboratory experiments and DoS attack generator tools. The experiments show clearly that the tested biometric readers are very vulnerable to common DoS attacks, and their recognition performances deteriorate significantly once they are under DoS attacks. Finally, the article lists some security consideration that should be taken into consideration when designing secure biometrics readers.
The centrally cracked Brazilian disc: implications and solutions in case of closing cracks
Authors: Markides Christos F. , Pazis Dimitrios N. , Kourkoulis Stavros K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA recently presented closed-form analytic solution for the displacement field and stress field in a cracked Brazilian disc, under uniform radial pressure along two symmetric arcs of its periphery, revealed that for a wide range of crack-axis inclinations, the lips of the crack tend to overlap each other, leading to a kind of an “unnatural” geometrical configuration. It is here proven that this behavior is a consequence of the inability of the mathematical model to simulate the change of the boundary conditions that appears (for some special configurations) in the physical problem and render the mathematical problem an “ill-posed” one. Indeed, what happens in praxis is that for a given interval of crack inclination angles, the initially stress-free lips are coming in contact and contact stresses appear violating the boundary conditions initially adopted in the mathematical model. This problem is here solved by superposing to the above-mentioned solution the respective one of an auxiliary mixed fundamental problem solved according to Muskhelishvili’s complex potentials method. In this way, physically acceptable displacement fields and stress fields are obtained all over the cracked disc independently from the crack inclination angle. In addition, the contact stresses developed along the crack lips are determined. Moreover, naturally sound formulae for the corresponding stress intensity factors (in case of cracks with lips in contact to each other) are obtained, which are of crucial engineering importance. The solution obtained enlightens some critical aspects related to the practical application of the cracked Brazilian disc as a tool for the standardized determination of the fracture toughness of brittle rock-like materials and concrete.
Mechanical compression in cross-polarization OCT imaging of skin: In vivo study and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Kirillin Mikhail , Agrba Pavel , Kamensky Vladislav 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is rapidly advancing into clinical practice beyond the area of ophthalmology. Many applications of OCT in areas such as dermatology, endoscopy and others require contact OCT probes which transfer compression to the studied tissues. This effect should be taken into account when developing methods for OCT diagnostics. On the other hand, controlled compression can provide additional diagnostic information and can serve as a diagnostic procedure. This paper discusses the effect of controlled mechanical compression induced by an OCT probe coupled with dynamometer on cross-polarization OCT images of skin. Registration of OCT images in two polarizations (parallel and orthogonal) allows additional information to be obtained about structural features of the studied tissue. An increase in contrast of epidermis/dermis junction and a decrease in contrast of stratum corneum/epidermis junction in OCT images are shown to originate from mechanical compression of human skin
Spinal Cord Stimulation and Pain Relief in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Prospective Two-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Slangen Rachel , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Faber Catharina G. , Joosten Elbert A. , Dirksen Carmen D. , van Dongen Robert T. , Kessels Alfons G. , van Kleef Maarten 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment is often partially effective or accompanied by unacceptable side effects, and new treatments are urgently needed. Small observational studies suggested that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may have positive effects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a multicenter randomized clinical trial in 36 PDPN patients with severe lower limb pain not responding to conventional therapy. Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to SCS in combination with the best medical treatment (BMT) (SCS group) and 14 to BMT only (BMT group). The SCS system was implanted only if trial stimulation was successful. Treatment success was defined as ≥50% pain relief during daytime or nighttime or “(very) much improved” for pain and sleep on the patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale at 6 months.

RESULTS
Trial stimulation was successful in 77% of the SCS patients. Treatment success was observed in 59% of the SCS and in 7% of the BMT patients (P &lt; 0.01). Pain relief during daytime and during nighttime was reported by 41 and 36% in the SCS group and 0 and 7% in the BMT group, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Pain and sleep were “(very) much improved” in 55 and 36% in the SCS group, whereas no changes were seen in the BMT group, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05). One SCS patient died because of a subdural hematoma.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment success was shown in 59% of patients with PDPN who were treated with SCS over a 6-month period, although this treatment is not without risks.
Genetic Studies of Selected „Black-Fruit” Hawthorns: Crataegus Nigra WALDST. et KIT., C. Pentagyna WALDST. et KIT. and C. Chlorosarca MAXIM.
Authors: Kerényi-Nagy Viktor , Deák Tamás , Kósa Géza , Bartha Dénes 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Genetic relationships of black-fruit hawthorns of the Carpathian basin have been investigated based on intergenic cpDNA sequences; first of all of the endemic Crataegus nigra and related species. Considerable infraspecific variation was detected in the East Asian taxon C. chlorosarca and some divergence in the Eurasian C. pentagyna. Based on the genetic analysis of investigated and reference psbA-trnH sequences, classification of sections Crataegus and Sanguineae is highly supported. From the studied taxa, C. pentagyna and C. monogyna was ordered to Sectio Crataegus, while C. nigra and .C. chlorosarca to Sectio Sanguineae. Based on our data, C. nigra can be considered as maternal parent of the investigated C. × degenii hybrids.
Applicability of Different Hydrological Model Concepts on Small Catchments: Case Study of Bükkös Creek, Hungary
Authors: Torma Péter , Széles Borbála , Hajnal Géza 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study aims to test and compare the applicability and performance of two different hydrological model concepts on a small Hungarian watershed. The lumped model of HEC-HMS and the semi-distributed TOPMODEL have been implemented to predict streamflow of Bükkös Creek. Models were calibrated against the highest flood event recorded in the basin in May, 2010. Validation was done in an extended interval when smaller floods were observed. Acceptable results can be achieved with the semi-distributed approach. Model comparison is made by means of sensitivity analysis of model parameters. For TOPMODEL the effect of spatial resolution of the digital terrain model while for HMS the complexity of the model setup was further explored. The results were quantified with model performance indices.