bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy: the beginning and end to diabetic nephropathy?
Authors: Higgins G C , Coughlan M T 
Published: November 2013

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular complication arising from diabetes. Within the kidney, the glomeruli, tubules, vessels and interstitium are disrupted, ultimately impairing renal function and leading to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Current pharmacological therapies used in individuals with DN do not prevent the inevitable progression to ESRD; therefore, new targets of therapy are urgently required. Studies from animal models indicate that disturbances in mitochondrial homeostasis are central to the pathogenesis of DN. Since renal proximal tubule cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation to provide adequate ATP for tubular reabsorption, an impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics can result in renal functional decline. Defects at the level of the electron transport chain have long been established in DN, promoting electron leakage and formation of superoxide radicals, mediating microinflammation and contributing to the renal lesion. More recent studies suggest that mitochondrial‐associated proteins may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. An accumulation of fragmented mitochondria are found in the renal cortex in both humans and animals with DN, suggesting that in tandem with a shift in dynamics, mitochondrial clearance mechanisms may be impaired. The process of mitophagy is the selective targeting of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to autophagosomes for degradation through the autophagy pathway. The current review explores the concept that an impairment in the mitophagy system leads to the accelerated progression of renal pathology. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that govern mitophagy and dynamics in DN may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Unexpectedly high affinity of a novel histamine H3 receptor antagonist, GSK239512, in vivo in human brain, determined using PET
Authors: Ashworth S , Berges A , Rabiner E A , Wilson A A , Comley R A , Lai R Y K , Boardley R , Searle G , Gunn R N , Laruelle M , Cunningham V J 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the plasma concentration (PK) of the novel histamine H3 receptor antagonist, GSK239512, and the brain occupancy of H3 receptors (RO) in healthy human volunteers.Experimental ApproachPET scans were obtained after i.v. administration of the H3‐specific radioligand [11C]GSK189254. Each subject was scanned before and after single oral doses of GSK239512, at 4 and 24 h after dose. PET data were analysed by compartmental analysis, and regional RO estimates were obtained by graphical analysis of changes in the total volumes of distribution of the radioligand, followed by a correction for occupancy by the high affinity radioligand. The PK/RO relationship was analysed by a population‐modelling approach, using the average PK of GSK239512 during each scan.Key ResultsFollowing administration of GSK239512, there was a reduction in the brain uptake of [11C]GSK189254 in all regions, including cerebellum. RO at 4 h was higher than at 24 h, and the PK/RO model estimated a PK associated with 50% of RO of 0.0068 ng·mL−1. This corresponds to a free concentration of 4.50 × 10−12 M (pK = 11.3).Conclusions and ImplicationsThe affinity of GSK239512 for brain H3 receptors in humans in vivo is much higher than that expected from studies in vitro, and higher than that observed in PET studies in pigs. The study illustrates the utility of carrying out PET studies in humans early in drug development, providing accurate quantification of GSK239512 RO in vivo as a function of time and dose.
Functional Morphemes and Early Language Acquisition
Authors: Shi Rushen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the acquisition of functional morphemes during the first years of life. Infants begin to process functional items at birth. They start encoding functional elements and their structural relations in phrases and sentences long before they can produce these items. Functional items also assist various language acquisition tasks. These findings demonstrate the initial acquisition of functional morphemes and early grammatical knowledge, challenging the view that no syntactic structures are represented before the end of the toddler years. The findings have important implications for theories of language acquisition and for the debate concerning nature versus nurture in development.
Guillain–Barré syndrome and influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent inactivated vaccines: The risks and benefits
Authors: Kuwabara Satoshi , Misawa Sonoko , Mori Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination program was the largest mass vaccination initiative in the USA, including 23 million people. A report published in The Lancet shows that the vaccination was associated with a very small increased risk of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and suggests that the benefits of influenza A (H1N1) vaccines outweighed the risks. Another recent large study has shown that none of the 550 people with a history of GBS had its recurrence after vaccination. At present, there is no evidence that modern vaccination is associated with recurrent GBS.
Revisiting the role of B cells in multiple sclerosis: Regulatory B cell function and defects in peripheral B cell tolerance
Authors: Ochi Hirofumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe role of B cells in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis is being increasingly recognized. Although B cells certainly play a critical role in adaptive immunity through antibody secretion, what has received a lot of attention in multiple sclerosis is the antibody‐independent B cell functions.
Impact of plasma of argon cleaning treatment on implant abutments in patients with a history of periodontal disease and thin biotype: radiographic results at 24‐month follow‐up of a RCT
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Peñarrocha David , Clementini Marco , Iannello Giuliano , Micarelli Costanza 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundA lack of evidence is present in literature regarding the clinical relevance of micropollution and bacterial contamination present on customized titanium abutments following laboratory stages and steaming cleaning procedures. To preserve abutments from such pollutants, plasma of argon cleaning of customized abutments was advocated.AimThe aim of this prospective, randomized, match‐paired, triple‐blinded, controlled, clinical trial is to longitudinally assess radiographical marginal bone‐level changes around implants restored according to the platform switching and “one‐abutment‐one‐time” concepts, using commercially available abutments, with and without plasma of argon cleaning treatment after customization.Materials and methodsThirty patients with thin gingival biotype, a history of periodontal disease, and in general good health received one implant in the anterior maxilla or premolar region. Patients were randomly assigned to control (abutment subjected only to usually adopted cleaning protocol by steam) and test group (abutment subjected to plasma of argon treatment). Periapical standardized digital radiographs were taken at the time of crown connection (T0), 6 (T1) and 24 months after the final restoration (T2). Average mesial–distal bone‐level changes mean values with standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was selected to identify differences in bone‐level changes between test and control groups.ResultsAn average interproximal bone loss of 0.16 mm (SD: 0.17) and 0.07 mm (SD: 0.34) was revealed in the control and test group at 6 months (T1), respectively, while after 24 months, groups showed a mean bone‐level changes of 0.38 mm (SD: 0.44) and 0.11 mm (SD: 0.14), respectively. Statistically significant differences among control and test groups were found at both time points. Intergroup comparison relived absence of statistically significant difference.ConclusionPlasma‐cleaning treatment of implant titanium abutments, together with platform switching and one‐abutment‐one‐time concepts, could be favorable in terms of hard‐tissue‐level changes, also in critical conditions such as in patients with a history of periodontal disease, presenting thin gingival biotype.
Automatic Extraction of Property Norm‐Like Data From Large Text Corpora
Authors: Kelly Colin , Devereux Barry , Korhonen Anna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTraditional methods for deriving property‐based representations of concepts from text have focused on either extracting only a subset of possible relation types, such as hyponymy/hypernymy (e.g., car is‐a vehicle) or meronymy/metonymy (e.g., car has wheels), or unspecified relations (e.g., car—petrol). We propose a system for the challenging task of automatic, large‐scale acquisition of unconstrained, human‐like property norms from large text corpora, and discuss the theoretical implications of such a system. We employ syntactic, semantic, and encyclopedic information to guide our extraction, yielding concept‐relation‐feature triples (e.g., car be fast, car require petrol, car cause pollution), which approximate property‐based conceptual representations. Our novel method extracts candidate triples from parsed corpora (Wikipedia and the British National Corpus) using syntactically and grammatically motivated rules, then reweights triples with a linear combination of their frequency and four statistical metrics. We assess our system output in three ways: lexical comparison with norms derived from human‐generated property norm data, direct evaluation by four human judges, and a semantic distance comparison with both WordNet similarity data and human‐judged concept similarity ratings. Our system offers a viable and performant method of plausible triple extraction: Our lexical comparison shows comparable performance to the current state‐of‐the‐art, while subsequent evaluations exhibit the human‐like character of our generated properties.
Which Types of Institutional Investors Constrain Abnormal Accruals?
Authors: Wang Mingzhu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study analyses which type of institutional investors constrains accruals management using a sample ofUKlisted firms in the period of 1997–2010.Research Findings/ResultsEmpirical results show that block‐holding levels, investment strategies, and investment durations influence institutional investors' role in constraining accruals management of the investee firms. Institutional investors with 10–20 percent ownership, adopting an active investment strategy, and having moderate investment duration significantly decrease the probability of income‐inflating abnormal accruals but increase the probability of income‐deflating abnormal accruals. In addition, these three aspects have a significant joint impact on accruals management. Even after considering the interaction among the three aspects of institutional investors, 10–20 percent block‐holding and moderate investment duration remain as significant driving forces on the constraint of accruals management by institutional investors. Further tests are conducted for sub‐sample periods of 2001–2005 and 2007–2009. Institutional investors with an active investment strategy and moderate investment duration are better motivated to constrain accruals management ofUKfirms during 2001–2005 when there were vigorous regulatory changes in corporate governance. Institutional investors with a passive investment strategy and short investment duration encouraged accruals management during the recent financial crisis (2007–2009).Theoretic/Academic ImplicationsThe findings of the paper provide some much needed clarity to the mixed evidence in the extant literature on the role of institutional investors in constraining accruals management. Block‐shareholding level, investment strategies, and the actual investment duration are valid dimensions to reflect their heterogeneous incentives in monitoring managerial discretions in accruals management. Institutional investors are a complex group of diverse types of financial institutions and would be more appropriately analyzed with multiple dimensions in future research on their monitoring of managerial discretion.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study underpins the concern ofUKpolicymakers over the short‐term investment orientation of institutional investment by showing that institutional investors with less than one year investment duration significantly encourage accruals manipulations. Policymakers may pay attention to the three aspects, as identified in the present paper, of institutional investors in terms of enhancing shareholder engagement with their investee firms.
Community Engagement Strategies in the Original and Renewal Applications for CTSA Grant Funding
Authors: Holzer Jessica , Kass Nancy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeThe Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program has highlighted community engagement in research by requiring institutions to develop bidirectional relationships with communities to obtain funding. Little is known about how institutions have operationalized that requirement. This study aimed to describe the strategies proposed by the first institutions to receive CTSA funding and to undergo the CTSA renewal process.MethodsThe authors conducted a qualitative document analysis of the community engagement section of 12 original and 10 renewal grant applications of the 12 institutions awarded CTSA funding in 2006 and renewed in 2010.ResultsInstitutions employed ‐ and research engagement strategies. Capacity‐building strategies included education, pilot grants, connecting potential partners, and community research centers. Research engagement strategies ranged from those that allowed for very little input from communities, such as announcements, to those that allowed for a high amount of input from communities, such as community‐researcher teams.ConclusionCTSA funding has supported capacity‐building for institutions and communities to partner. Engagement strategies employed by the institutions are largely known from prior community‐engaged research. Based on the grants from these institutions, the CTSA funding has largely enabled institutions to develop capacity to engage.
Adolescent mice, unlike adults, consume more alcohol in the presence of peers than alone
Authors: Logue Sheree , Chein Jason , Gould Thomas , Holliday Erica , Steinberg Laurence 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne hallmark of adolescent risk‐taking is that it typically occurs when adolescents are with peers. It has been hypothesized that the presence of peers primes a reward‐sensitive motivational state that overwhelms adolescents' immature capacity for inhibitory control. We examined this hypothesis using a rodent model. A sample of mice were raised in same‐sex triads and were tested for alcohol consumption either as juveniles or as adults, with half in each age group tested alone and half tested with their cagemates. The presence of ‘peers’ increased alcohol consumption among adolescent mice, but not adults. The peer effect on human adolescent reward‐seeking may reflect a hard‐wired, evolutionarily conserved process through which the presence of agemates increases individuals' sensitivity to potential rewards in their immediate environment.
Pity or peanuts? Oxytocin induces different neural responses to the same infant crying labeled as sick or bored
Authors: Riem Madelon M.E. , Voorthuis Alexandra , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe neuropeptide oxytocin plays an important role in mother–infant bonding. However, recent studies indicate that the effects of oxytocin on prosociality are dependent on perceived social context. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined differential effects of intranasally administered oxytocin on neural responding to 500 and 700 Hz crying that was indicated as emanating from a sick infant and 500 and 700 Hz crying emanating from a bored infant. We found that oxytocin significantly increased insula and inferior frontal gyrus responding to sick infant crying, but decreased activation in these brain regions during exposure to crying of an infant that was labeled as bored. In addition, oxytocin decreased amygdala responding to 500 Hz crying, but increased amygdala responding to 700 Hz crying. These findings indicate that labeling the same infant crying as ‘sick’ or as ‘bored’ drastically changes neural activity in response to intranasal oxytocin administration. Oxytocin increases empathic reactions to sick infants' crying, but lowers the perceived urgency of crying of an infant perceived as bored, thus flexibly adapting adult responses to infant crying labeled in various ways.
Spontaneous Bacterial Coronary Sinus Septic Thrombophlebitis Treated Successfully Medically
Authors: Fournet Maxime , Behaghel Albin , Pavy Carine , Flecher Erwan , Thebault Christophe 
Published: November 2013

Mini‐AbstractA 38‐year‐old farmer was hospitalized for fever, chills, cough, and chest pain lasting for 7 days. Due to persistent symptoms, patient was referred to hospital. Blood cultures identified oxacillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (OSSA). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed large pericardial effusion, a mobile heterogeneous mass originating from the coronary sinus ostium, no sign of valvular endocarditis. Pericardiocentesis was done carrying out purulent fluid, microbiological culture isolating an OSSA. Parenteral penicillin M was administered for 6 weeks. At the end of this antibiotherapy regimen, TTE showed no coronary sinus mass with complete vacuity of the coronary sinus vein and no pericardial effusion.
Timing of early and late seizure recurrence after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery
Authors: Goellner Eduardo , Bianchin Marino M. , Burneo Jorge G. , Parrent Andrew G. , Steven David A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPurposeSeizure recurrence after epilepsy surgery has been classified as either early or late depending on the recurrence time after operation. However, time of recurrence is variable and has been arbitrarily defined in the literature. We established a mathematical model for discriminating patients with early or late seizure recurrence, and examined differences between these two groups.MethodsA historical cohort of 247 consecutive patients treated surgically for temporal lobe epilepsy was identified. In patients who recurred, postoperative time until seizure recurrence was examined using an receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the best cutoff for predicting long‐term prognosis, dividing patients in those with early and those with late seizure recurrence. We then compared the groups in terms of a number of clinical, electrophysiologic, and radiologic variables.Key FindingsSeizures recurred in 107 patients (48.9%). The ROC curve demonstrated that 6 months was the ideal time for predicting long‐term surgical outcome with best accuracy, (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.761; sensitivity = 78.8%; specificity = 72.1%). We observed that patients with seizure recurrence during the first 6 months started having seizures at younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 6.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–11.01; p = 0.018), had a worse outcome (OR = 6.85; 95% CI = 2.54–18.52; p = 0.001), needed a higher number of antiepileptic medications (OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.16–9.34; p = 0.013), and more frequently had repeat surgery (OR = 9.59; 95% CI = 1.18–77.88; p = 0.021). Patients with late relapse more frequently had seizures associated with trigger events (OR = 9.61; 95% CI = 3.52–26.31; p < 0.01).SignificancePatients with early or late recurrence of seizures have different characteristics that might reflect diversity in the epileptogenic zone and epileptogenicity itself. These disparities might help explain variable patterns of seizure recurrence after epilepsy surgery.
Controls on water balance of shallow thermokarst lakes and their relations with catchment characteristics: a multi‐year, landscape‐scale assessment based on water isotope tracers and remote sensing in Old Crow Flats, Yukon (Canada)
Authors: Turner Kevin W. , Wolfe Brent B. , Edwards Thomas W. D. , Lantz Trevor C. , Hall Roland I. , Larocque Guillaume 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany northern lake‐rich regions are undergoing pronounced hydrological change, yet inadequate knowledge of the drivers of these landscape‐scale responses hampers our ability to predict future conditions. We address this challenge in the thermokarst landscape of Old Crow Flats (OCF) using a combination of remote sensing imagery and monitoring of stable isotope compositions of lake waters over three thaw seasons (2007–2009). Quantitative analysis confirmed that the hydrological behavior of lakes is strongly influenced by catchment vegetation and physiography. Catchments of snowmelt‐dominated lakes, typically located in southern peripheral areas of OCF, encompass high proportions of woodland/forest and tall shrub vegetation (mean percent land cover = ca. 60%). These land cover types effectively capture snow and generate abundant snowmelt runoff that offsets lake water evaporation. Rainfall‐dominated lakes that are not strongly influenced by evaporation are typically located in eastern and northern OCF where their catchments have higher proportions of dwarf shrub/herbaceous and sparse vegetation (ca. 45%), as well as surface water (ca. 20%). Evaporation‐dominated lakes, are located in the OCF interior where their catchments are distinguished by substantially higher lake area to catchment area ratios (LA/CA = ca. 29%) compared to low evaporation‐influenced rainfall‐dominated (ca. 10%) and snowmelt‐dominated (ca. 4%) lakes. Lakes whose catchments contain >75% combined dwarf shrub/herbaceous vegetation and surface water are most susceptible to evaporative lake‐level drawdown, especially following periods of low precipitation. Findings indicate that multiple hydrological trajectories are probable in response to climate‐driven changes in precipitation amount and seasonality, vegetation composition, and thermokarst processes. These will likely include a shift to greater snowmelt influence in catchments experiencing expansion of tall shrubs, greater influence from evaporation in catchments having higher proportions of surface water, and an increase in the rate of thermokarst lake expansion and probability of drainage. Local observations suggest that some of these changes are already underway.