bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiblock copolymers exhibiting spatio-temporal structure with autonomous viscosity oscillation
Authors: Onoda Michika , Ueki Takeshi , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHere we report an ABA triblock copolymer that can express microscopic autonomous formation and break-up of aggregates under constant condition to generate macroscopic viscoelastic self-oscillation of the solution. The ABA triblock copolymer is designed to have hydrophilic B segment and self-oscillating A segment at the both sides by RAFT copolymerization. In the A segment, a metal catalyst of chemical oscillatory reaction, i.e., the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, is introduced as a chemomechanical transducer to change the aggregation state of the polymer depending on the redox states. Time-resolved DLS measurements of the ABA triblock copolymer confirm the presence of a transitional network structure of micelle aggregations in the reduced state and a unimer structure in the oxidized state. This autonomous oscillation of a well-designed triblock copolymer enables dynamic biomimetic softmaterials with spatio-temporal structure.
An analytic model for accurate spring constant calibration of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers
Authors: Li Rui , Ye Hongfei , Zhang Weisheng , Ma Guojun , Su Yewang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpring constant calibration of the atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is of fundamental importance for quantifying the force between the AFM cantilever tip and the sample. The calibration within the framework of thin plate theory undoubtedly has a higher accuracy and broader scope than that within the well-established beam theory. However, thin plate theory-based accurate analytic determination of the constant has been perceived as an extremely difficult issue. In this paper, we implement the thin plate theory-based analytic modeling for the static behavior of rectangular AFM cantilevers, which reveals that the three-dimensional effect and Poisson effect play important roles in accurate determination of the spring constants. A quantitative scaling law is found that the normalized spring constant depends only on the Poisson’s ratio, normalized dimension and normalized load coordinate. Both the literature and our refined finite element model validate the present results. The developed model is expected to serve as the benchmark for accurate calibration of rectangular AFM cantilevers.
Tunable Multi-switching in Plasmonic Waveguide with Kerr Nonlinear Resonator
Authors: He Zhihui , Li Hongjian , Zhan Shiping , Li Boxun , Chen Zhiquan , Xu Hui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe propose a nanoplasmonic waveguide side-coupled with bright-dark-dark resonators in our paper. A multi-oscillator theory derived from the typical two-oscillator model, is established to describe spectral features as well as slow-light effects in bright-dark-dark structures and confirmed by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD). That a typical plasmon induced transparency (PIT) turns to double PIT spectra is observed in this waveguide structure. At the same time, multi-switching effects with obvious double slow-light bands based on double PIT are also discovered in our proposed structure. What’s more, dynamically tuning the multi-switching is achieved by means of filling Fabry-Perot resonators with the Kerr nonlinear material Ag-BaO. These results may have applications in all-optical devices, moreover, the multi-oscillator theory may play a guiding role in designing plasmonic devices.
Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development
Authors: Jones Benjamin M. , Grosse Guido , Arp Christopher D. , Miller Eric , Liu Lin , Hayes Daniel J. , Larsen Christopher F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFire-induced permafrost degradation is well documented in boreal forests, but the role of fires in initiating thermokarst development in Arctic tundra is less well understood. Here we show that Arctic tundra fires may induce widespread thaw subsidence of permafrost terrain in the first seven years following the disturbance. Quantitative analysis of airborne LiDAR data acquired two and seven years post-fire, detected permafrost thaw subsidence across 34% of the burned tundra area studied, compared to less than 1% in similar undisturbed, ice-rich tundra terrain units. The variability in thermokarst development appears to be influenced by the interaction of tundra fire burn severity and near-surface, ground-ice content. Subsidence was greatest in severely burned, ice-rich upland terrain (yedoma), accounting for ~50% of the detected subsidence, despite representing only 30% of the fire disturbed study area. Microtopography increased by 340% in this terrain unit as a result of ice wedge degradation. Increases in the frequency, magnitude and severity of tundra fires will contribute to future thermokarst development and associated landscape change in Arctic tundra regions.
The effects of a novel aliphatic-chain hydroxamate derivative WMJ-S-001 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cell death
Authors: Huang Yu-Han , Huang Shiu-Wen , Hsu Ya-Fen , Ou George , Huang Wei-Jan , Hsu Ming-Jen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHydroxamate derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their broad pharmacological properties and have been extensively investigated. We recently demonstrated that WMJ-S-001, a novel aliphatic hydroxamate derivative, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms by which WMJ-S-001 induces HCT116 colorectal cancer cell death. WMJ-S-001 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in HCT116 cells. These actions were associated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, p53 phosphorylation and acetylation, as well as the modulation of p21cip/Waf1, cyclin D1, survivin and Bax. AMPK-p38MAPK signaling blockade reduced WMJ-S-001-induced p53 phosphorylation. Transfection with AMPK dominant negative mutant (DN) reduced WMJ-S-001’s effects on p53 and Sp1 binding to thesurvivnpromoter region. Transfection with HDAC3-Flag or HDAC4-Flag also abrogated WMJ-S-001’s enhancing effect on p53 acetylation. WMJ-S-001’s actions on p21cip/Waf1, cyclin D1, survivin, Bax were reduced in p53-null HCT116 cells. Furthermore, WMJ-S-001 was shown to suppress the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of HCT116 cellsin vivo. In summary, the death of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells exposed to WMJ-S-001 may involve AMPK-p38MAPK-p53-survivin cascade. These results support the role of WMJ-S-001 as a potential drug candidate and warrant the clinical development in the treatment of cancer.
Memory of tolerance and induction of regulatory T cells by erythrocyte-targeted antigens
Authors: Grimm Alizée J. , Kontos Stephan , Diaceri Giacomo , Quaglia-Thermes Xavier , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNew approaches based on induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance are being explored for treatment of autoimmunity and prevention of immunity to protein drugs. Antigens associated with apoptotic debris are known to be processed tolerogenically in vivo. Our group is exploring an approach toward antigen-specific tolerization using erythrocyte-binding antigens, based on the premise that as the erythrocytes circulate, age and are cleared, the erythrocyte surface-bound antigen payload will be cleared tolerogenically along with the eryptotic debris. Here, we characterized the phenotypic signatures of CD8+ T cells undergoing tolerance in response to soluble and erythrocyte-targeted antigen. Signaling through programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1), but not through cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), was shown to be required for antigen-specific T cell deletion, anergy and expression of regulatory markers. Generation of CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in response to erythrocyte-targeted antigens but not soluble antigen at an equimolar dose was observed and these cells were required for long-term maintenance of immune tolerance in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments. Evidence of infectious tolerance was observed, in that tolerance to a one antigenic epitope was able to regulate responses to other epitopes in the same protein antigen.
Vibrant Soundbridge and Bone Conduction Hearing Aid in Patients with Bilateral Malformation of External Ear
Authors: Mondelli Maria , Mariano Thais , Honório Heitor , Brito Rubens 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Hearing loss is the most common clinical finding in patients with malformation of the external ear canal. Among the possibilities of treatment, there is the adaptation of hearing aids by bone conduction and the adaptation of implantable hearing aids.
Objective To assess speech perception with the use of Vibrant Soundbridge (VBS - MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) associated with additional amplification in patients with bilateral craniofacial malformation.
Method We evaluated 11 patients with bilateral malformation over 12 years with mixed hearing loss or bilateral conductive. They were using the Softband (Oticon Medical, Sweden) and bone conduction hearing aid in the ear opposite the one with the VSB. We performed the evaluation of speech perception using the Hearing in Noise Test.
Results Participants were eight men and three women with a mean of 19.5 years. The signal / noise ratio presented significant results in patients fitted with VSB and bone conduction hearing aid.
Conclusion The results of speech perception were significantly better with use of VBS combined with bone conduction hearing aids.
Dynamics of Vitamin D Metabolism in Maternal–Fetal Dyads
Authors: Hanson Corrine , Anderson‐Berry Ann , Lyden Elizabeth , Kaufmann Martin , Wu Amy , Elliott Elizabeth , Lee Jae‐In , Jones Glenville 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Metabolites of vitamin D in maternal–neonatal dyads remain relatively unexplored. The goal of this study was to evaluate concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3 in maternal–infant pairs at delivery.Methods:Serum samples of maternal and infant cord blood were collected on 131 mother–infant pairs at delivery. Vitamin D metabolites were analyzed in triplicate using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman correlation coefficients.Results:Mean 25(OH)D3 concentrations in maternal and cord blood were 32.9 and 18.5 ng/mL, respectively; mean maternal and cord 24,25(OH)2D3 were 2.0 versus 1.1 ng/mL, respectively. Absolute concentrations of 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3 were similar in maternal and cord samples (2.4 vs 2.2 ng/mL), whereas the proportion of the total 25(OH)D as the 3‐epimer was 6.5% in maternal samples and 10.5% in cord samples. This suggests that the fetus contributes significantly to 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3 production. In contrast, the ratio of 25(OH)D3:24,25(OH)2D3 was identical in maternal and cord samples (18.5) suggesting equivalent CYP24A1 activity in mother and fetus. Maternal and cord metabolite levels were highly correlated (r = 0.78, 0.90, 0.89 for 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 3‐epi‐25(OH)D3, respectively, P = 0.001 for all). Serum concentrations of all metabolites were lower in nonwhite infants compared with white infants. Maternal and cord concentrations of 25(OH)D3 were positively associated with birth weight (r = 0.21, P = 0.02; r = 0.25, P = 0.003, respectively).Conclusions:This data suggests that although maternal and cord concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are highly correlated, regulation of specific vitamin D metabolites in the mother and the neonate may be mediated independently.
Genetic transformation of micropropagated shoots ofPinus radiataD.Don
Authors: Grant Jan E , Cooper Pauline A , Dale Tracy M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKey MessageAgrobacterium tumefacienswas used to transform radiata pine shoots and to efficiently produce stable genetically modified pine plants.AbstractMicropropagated shoot explants fromPinus radiataD. Don were used to produce stable transgenic plants byAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediatedtransformation. Using this method any genotype that can be micropropagated could produce stable transgenic lines. As over 80% ofP. radiatagenotypes tested can be micropropagated, this effectively means that any line chosen for superior characteristics could be transformed. There are well-established protocols for progressing such germplasm to field deployment. Here we used open and control pollinated seed lines and embryogenic clones. The method developed was faster than other methods previously developed using mature cotyledons. PCR positive shoots could be obtain within 6 months ofAgrobacteriumco-cultivation compared with 12 months for cotyledon methods. Transformed shoots were obtained using either kanamycin or geneticin as the selectable marker gene. Shoots were recovered from selection, were tested and were not chimeric, indicating that the selection pressure was optimal for this explant type. GFP was used as a vital marker, and thebargene, (for resistance to the herbicide Buster®) was used to produce lines that could potentially be used in commercial application. As expected, a range of expression phenotypes were identified for both these reporter genes and the analyses for expression were relatively easy.
Assessing the value and market attractiveness of the accessible tourism industry in Europe: a focus on major travel and leisure companies
Authors: Bowtell James 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the accessible tourism market potential, alongside the implications of operating in the accessible tourism market and an assessment of major travel and leisure company involvement. The research focused on providing a market value forecast using historic data from 2005 and extrapolating this to 2025. An examination of the reasons for and against major travel and leisure company involvement in the accessible tourism market was accompanied by an analysis of managerial perceptions.Design/methodology/approachThe exploration of travel patterns of disabled tourists, in particular spend per head per holiday, was used to measure the value of the demand side of accessible tourism. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with employees of major travel and leisure companies in managerial positions.FindingsThe study indicates that the accessible tourism market is a distinct sector, possessing the capacity for extensive future growth, and thus presents major travel providers with a potentially substantial and lucrative market, generating potential revenues of €88.6 billion by 2025.Research limitations/implicationsDue to a lack of existing data an assumption had to be made on the evolution of travel spend per head per holiday. However, the formula used, using GDP/Capita growth, is a recognised way of forecasting this kind of data in the travel and leisure industry.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to provide an examination of the reasons for and against major travel and leisure company involvement in the accessible tourism market, as well providing a forecast of the market value up to 2025.
Exploring the need of knowledge management education within library and information science educational courses
Authors: Husain Shabahat , Nazim Mohammad 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The study aims to explore the relevance of knowledge management (KM) education within library and information science (LIS) educational courses in India.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used a quantitative research approach. A Web-based questionnaire survey was designed and distributed through FreeOnlineSurveys.com for the collection of data. A link for attending the survey was sent via electronic mail to the teachers (95 in numbers) of 65 LIS schools. A total of 43 responses (approximately 45 per cent) were received.

Findings
– The findings show that there is a strong interest among LIS community towards the inclusion of KM education within LIS educational courses to impart the knowledge and skills related to KM among LIS students, and to facilitate their entry into the KM job market. Most of the respondents believe that a curriculum which embodies core elements of LIS, management and information systems and technology would best meet the needs of LIS students for their involvement in KM activities.

Practical implications
– Findings of the present study may be used as the groundwork for the revision of current LIS educational courses as well as the revision of LIS curricula to impart the knowledge and skills-related to KM among LIS students for working in KM environment.

Originality/value
– As no empirical study on the relevance of KM education to LIS professionals in India has been carried out before, this study closes this gap and provides a framework to modify existing LIS courses or curricula to fulfil the requirement of KM competencies of LIS students.
Can we talk?
Authors: Caidi Nadia , Dali Keren 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the attractiveness of Library and Information Science (LIS) professions and programs to culturally and linguistically diverse individuals.Design/methodology/approach– Between September and December 2014, current students and alumni from 57 North American LIS programs were surveyed regarding their learning experiences and perceptions of the state of diversity in LIS.Findings– The findings point to deep, emotive reflections on diversity in LIS. Noting the general societal turn toward values-based, integral diversity, this paper proposes looking beyond the quantitative measures and paying attention to the volume of negative emotion surrounding the diversity debate in our field. Making both philosophical and practical arguments, a three-tiered approach is advocated, which can contribute to nurturing the climate of diversity: outreach and promotion; recruitment and retention; and interpersonal and intercultural dialog that will not only sustain diversity but also transform diverse environments into healthy and vibrant places with transparent communication channels.Originality/value– This paper departs from the focus on increasing diversity and emphasizes sustaining diversity in both academia and workplaces. The improvement of interpersonal relationships, human understanding and interpersonal communication is seen as a way to systemic change.
Multi‐dimensional analyses of the SEAM controlled source electromagnetic data—the story of a blind test of interpretation workflows
Authors: Tseng Hung‐Wen , Stalnaker Jack , MacGregor Lucy M. , Ackermann Rolf V. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUsing a subset of the SEG Advanced Modeling Program Phase I controlled‐source electromagnetic data, we apply our standard controlled‐source electromagnetic interpretation workflows to delineate a simulated hydrocarbon reservoir. Experience learned from characterizing such a complicated model offers us an opportunity to refine our workflows to achieve better interpretation quality. The exercise proceeded in a blind test style, where the interpreting geophysicists did not know the true resistivity model until the end of the project. Rather, the interpreters were provided a traditional controlled‐source electromagnetic data package, including electric field measurements, interpreted seismic horizons, and well log data. Based on petrophysical analysis, a background resistivity model was established first. Then, the interpreters started with feasibility studies to establish the recoverability of the prospect and carefully stepped through 1D, 2.5D, and 3D inversions with seismic and well log data integrated at each stage. A high‐resistivity zone is identified with 1D analysis and further characterized with 2.5D inversions. Its lateral distribution is confirmed with a 3D anisotropic inversion. The importance of integrating all available geophysical and petrophysical data to derive more accurate interpretation is demonstrated.
Two types of marine controlled source electromagnetic transmitters
Authors: Wang Meng , Deng Ming , Zhao Qingxian , Luo Xianhu , Jing Jianen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMarine controlled source electromagnetic methods are used to derive the electrical properties of a wide range of sub‐seafloor targets, including gas hydrate reservoirs. In most marine controlled source electromagnetic surveys, the deep‐tow transmitter is used with a long horizontal electric dipole being towed above the seafloor, which is capable of transmitting dipole moments in the order of up to several thousand ampere‐metres. The newly developed deployed transmitter uses two horizontal orthogonal electrical dipoles and can land on the seafloor. It can transmit higher frequency electromagnetic signals, can provide accurate transmission orientation, and can obtain higher signal stacking, which compensates for the shorter source dipole length. In this paper, we present the study, key technologies, and implementation details of two new marine controlled source electromagnetic transmitters (the deep‐tow transmitter and the deployed transmitter). We also present the results of a marine controlled source electromagnetic experiment conducted from April to May 2014 in the South China Sea using both the deep‐tow transmitter and the deployed transmitter, which show that the two types of marine transmitters can be used as effective source for gas hydrate exploration.
The need for a consistent fire policy for Cerrado conservation
Authors: Durigan Giselda , Ratter James A. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The Cerrado is a fire‐dependent savanna requiring a clear and urgent fire management policy. The extensive misuse of fire for deforestation or pasture management in Brazil has created an overall perception that its use is always deleterious. This view, reinforced by threats of global warming and climatic change, has lead to current policies of fire suppression.

Cerrado ecosystems depend on the historical fire regime to maintain their structure, biodiversity and functioning. The suppression of fire has transformed savanna vegetation into forests, causing biodiversity losses and drastic changes in ecological processes.

Policy implications. The National Fire Policy required by law must be urgently implemented in Brazil, including use of fire for Cerrado conservation in public and private lands on the basis of existing knowledge of indigenous people and scientists. Objective regulations on prescribed burning, land manager training, incentives for fire research and experimentation and a broad campaign to disseminate the benefits of fire for Cerrado conservation should be the cornerstones of the policy. If implemented, the policy can give the biodiversity of the Cerrado a future that has previously been severely threatened by fire suppression.