bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Peptide Nanofibrous Indicator for Eye‐Detectable Cancer Cell Identification
Authors: Chen Chang‐Sheng , Xu Xiao‐Ding , Wang Ya , Yang Juan , Jia Hui‐Zhen , Cheng Han , Chu Chih‐Chang , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA unique peptide nanofibrous indicator (NFI) is fabricated by mixing a borono‐peptide with alizarin red S, followed by subsequent binding and self‐assembly. The NFI thus obtained exhibits an intense response to sialyl Lewis X tetrasaccharide, which is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Importantly, this NFI has the capability of specifically recognizing human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells through the eye‐detectable color change resulting from strong binding‐induced displacement. This novel technique for cancer cell identification through direct unaided eye judgment will open up an innovative platform for cancer cell detection.
“life's first need is for us to be realistic” and other reasons for examining the sociocultural construction of race in the science performance of African American students
Authors: Mutegi Jomo W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe body of research aimed at explaining the science teaching and learning of African Americans has identified myriad factors that correlate with African American's science career choices and science performance generally. It has not, however, offered any satisfactory explanations as to why those factors are disproportionately racially determined. This article argues that the sociocultural construction of race, which has roots in antebellum Western society, has endured to the present day; and that there is sufficient historical tradition and empirical evidence to warrant a research agenda that accounts for the sociocultural construction of race in explaining African American science education. The article concludes by suggesting a set of research questions and theoretical perspectives that considers the sociocultural construction of race to guide future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:82–103, 2013
Risk‐invoked self‐scheduling of a Genco in a day‐ahead energy and spinning reserve market
Authors: Somasundaram Periasamy , Ramesh Babu Muthu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a solution methodology for risk‐invoked self‐scheduling of a price taker power producer in day‐ahead correlated energy and spinning reserve markets to accomplish a trade‐off between expected profit and risk levels based on Markowitz portfolio selection. In the self‐scheduling problem, a certain risk is invoked because of the uncertainty in the forecast electricity prices. To tackle the forecasting errors, variances of energy and spinning reserve along with their covariance are taken into account using the available data. This risk‐invoked self‐scheduling framework is therefore formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear problem. This paper proposes a solution methodology based on a novel Cauchy mutated memetic particle swarm optimization (CMMPSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed CMMPSO algorithm is demonstrated with two test cases, and the numerical results are discussed. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Epidemiology of dentin hypersensitivity
Authors: Splieth Christian H. , Tachou Aikaterini 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn contrast to the well-established caries epidemiology, data on dentin hypersensitivity seem to be scarce and contradictory. This review evaluates the available literature on dentin hypersensitivity and assesses its prevalence, distribution, and potential changes.Materials and methodsThe systematic search was performed to identify and select relevant publications with several key words in electronic databases. In addition, the articles’ bibliographies were consulted.ResultsPrevalence rates range from 3 to 98 %. This vast range can be explained partly by the differences in the selection criteria for the study sample and also the variety in diagnostic approaches or time frames. Women are slightly more affected than men and an age peak of 30–40 years has been reported. Still, the prevalence of erosions with dentin exposure seems to increase in younger adults, often resulting in hypersensitivity. In older patients, root surfaces are frequently exposed due to periodontal disease which is associated with a high rate of dentin hypersensitivity, especially after periodontal treatment and intensified brushing activity. On the other hand, the number of affected seniors with tooth loss or even edentulism is reduced. About 25–30 % of the adult population report dentin hypersensitivity. Most dentists also consider it to be a relevant problem in their practice, but they request more information on this topic. Maxillary teeth are affected to a higher extent, but the different teeth show very similar rates. Buccal surfaces clearly show the highest prevalence rates.ConclusionIn spite of the advances regarding management of dentin hypersensitivity, it still remains an epidemiologically understudied field.Clinical relevanceAlthough great variations have been observed in the prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity, this issue is often observed by dentists and related by patients. However, further studies are necessary to find the cause of this condition and refine its management.
Identification of leech embryonic neurons that express a Hox gene required for the differentiation of a paired, segment‐specific motor neuron
Authors: Gharbaran Rajendra , Aisemberg Gabriel O. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the embryonic expression and function of the Hox gene Lox1 in the simple, well‐characterized central nervous system (CNS) of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Lox1 was expressed in an anterior–posterior domain, extending from the posterior aspect of the fourth segment (rostral neuromere 4, R4) to the seventeenth segment (midbody ganglion 13, M13). Lox1 expression was also found in both sex organ primordia (male and female). Lox1 expression was not detected in every cell of the ganglia included in its domain. It was detected in a specific subset that included several segmentally iterated neurons and segment‐specific neurons. Several central neurons (neurons located in the central nervous system – CNS) that coexpressed both Lox1 and FMRFamide‐like peptides were identified using antibody staining of leech embryos and epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. RNA interference was used to block the expression of Lox1. The expression pattern and the effect of RNA interference indicate that Lox1 is required for the differentiation of a segment‐specific pair of motor neurons, the RPE (rostral penile evertor) neurons, which appear only in midbody ganglion 6 (M6) and innervate the male sex organ.
La non-participation politique des jeunes : Une étude des barrières temporaires et permanentes de l'engagement
Authors: Mahéo Valérie-Anne , Dejaeghere Yves , Stolle Dietlind 
Published: December 2012

Résumé.Avec une méthodologie double, nous portons notre attention sur un groupe très peu étudié : les jeunes non-engagés. Grâce à des entrevues, nous distinguons quatre types de non-engagés: les critiques, ceux qui manquent de ressources politiques, les occupés, et ceux en attente de mobilisation. Lescritiquesne représentent qu'une minorité des non-engagés, alors que les jeunes manquant de ressources sont plus nombreux. Cette étude démontre qu'une grande proportion de jeunes présente un potentiel d'engagement futur et que c'est principalement des barrières temporaires qui réduisent leur niveau d'engagement. L'analyse quantitative dévoile des variations d'attitudes, de profils démographiques et de volontés d'engagement entre types de non-engagés. Les non-engagés ne sont donc pas un groupe homogène.Abstract.With a two-pronged methodology, this article takes a closer look at an understudied group: the disengaged youth. Using interviews, we discern four different types within this disengaged group: the criticals, those lacking political resources, the busy and those waiting for mobilization. The ‘criticals’ constitute only a minority of the disengaged group, while the young people who lack political resources are more common. Most importantly, a great proportion of young people show a certain potential for engagement. The quantitative analysis reveals that these types resemble distinct attitudinal and demographic profiles, and differ in their future willingness to participate. Thus the non-engaged are not a monolithic group.
The Genocide Question and Indian Residential Schools in Canada
Authors: MacDonald David B. , Hudson Graham 
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission has been investigating the array of crimes committed in Canada's Indian Residential Schools. Genocide is being invoked with increasing regularity to describe the crimes inflicted within the IRS system, the intent behind those crimes, and the legacies that have flowed from them. We ask the following questions. Did Canada commit genocide against Aboriginal peoples by attempting to forcibly assimilate them in residential schools? How does the UN Genocide Convention help interpret genocide claims? If not genocide, what other descriptors are more appropriate? Our position might be described as “fence sitting”: whether genocide was committed cannot be definitively settled at this time. This has to do with polyvalent interpretations of the term, coupled with the growing body of evidence the TRC is building up. We favour using the term cultural genocide as a “ground floor” and a means to legally and morally interpret the IRS system.Résumé. La Commission de vérité et réconciliation a enquêté sur la matrice de crimes commis dans les pensionnats indiens au Canada. Le mot génocide est invoqué avec une régularité croissante pour décrire les crimes infligés au sein du système des pensionnats, l'intention derrière ces crimes, et l'héritage qui s'en est ensuivie. Nous posons les questions suivantes: le Canada a-t-il commis le génocide contre les élèves Aborigènes en essayant de les assimiler de force dans des pensionnats indiens? Comment la Convention des Nations Unies sur la prévention de génocide peut-elle aider interprétations des revendications de génocide ? Si ce pas de génocide, quel autre descripteur est plus approprié ? Notre position pourrait être décrite comme « séance de clôture »: la question de génocide ne peut être réglée définitivement en ce moment. Cela concerne les interprétations polyvalentes du terme, couplé avec le corps grandissant d'évidence que le CVR accumule. Nous préférons le terme génocide culturel comme « un rez-de-chaussée » et comme un moyen de légalement et moralement interpréter le système IRS.
Was Theocritus A Botanist?
Authors: Lindsell Alice 
Published: December 2012

Theocritus sings of eighty-seven different trees, shrubs, flowers, grasses, and ferns. Practically all the references are in the Pastoral Idylls: that is to say, that in the small compass of about 1,200 lines he mentions nearly twice as many plants as Homer does in the whole Iliad and Odyssey. Many of these plants are mentioned several times, and some many times, so the number is impressively great, and implies a great interest: an interest not shown by any other Greek poet. The selection, too, is unprecedented. The Comic Poets may write of things to eat (kitchen-garden produce); the Tragic and Lyric poets, of ceremonial adjuncts; garlands for gods, athletes, feasters (nursery-garden produce). Theocritus' plants are none of these: they are the plants of the mountains, foot-hills, meadows, and shores of the place in which he lived:αίγίπυρος καί κνύЗα καί εύώλης μελίτεια.He Writes of plants for their own sakes, and it is this that makes his attitude modern and interesting. Fourteen hundred years before him Minoan painters looked at plants with his eyes: except for them he is unique in Greek history.
Ovid's ‘Lucretia’
Authors: Lee A. G. 
Published: December 2012

Every country has its heroes, legendary or historical, who are remembered for some noble action that has caught the popular imagination and made their names immortal. Among the Romans, just as Fabricius was the type of incorruptibility, Decius Mus of devotion to country, Regulus of faith to the pledged word, so the name of Lucretia was proverbial for chastity. The story of her suicide after she had been violated by Sextus Tarquin is recounted by the historians Livy, Dionysius, and Diodorus, and alluded to by many Roman poets and prose-writers. But apart from such allusions, it is curious that of all the Roman poets whose works have come down to us none save Ovid has treated her story at any length; moreover, there is apparently no representation of her among the extant remains of Roman art. To painters and poets of later times, however, she made a strong appeal. In the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, for example, there is the famous painting by Titian; and in our own literature Chaucer sang the praise of ‘the verray wyf, the verray trewe Lucresse’ in his Legend of Good Women, Gower included her in the seventh book of his Confessio Amantis, Shakespeare in his youth composed that highly coloured arabesque The Rape of Lucrece, Thomas Heywood turned the story into a tragic drama, and most recently Benjamin Britten has made it the subject of an opera.That Ovid found in Lucretia an attractive figure is evident from the detailed manner in which he treats her story in the second book of his Fasti.
Contribution of respiratory pathogens to influenza-like illness consultations
Authors: BOLLAERTS K. , ANTOINE J. , VAN CASTEREN V. , DUCOFFRE G. , HENS N. , QUOILIN S. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYInfluenza-like illnesses (ILIs) are caused by several respiratory pathogens. These pathogens show weak to strong seasonal activity implying seasonality in ILI consultations. In this paper, the contribution of pathogens to seasonality of ILI consultations was statistically modelled. Virological count data were first smoothed using modulation models for seasonal time series. Second, Poisson regression was used regressing ILI consultation counts on the smoothed time series. Using ratios of the estimated regression parameters, relative measures of the underreporting of pathogens were obtained. Influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) significantly contributed to explain the seasonal variation in ILI consultations. We also found that RSV was the least and influenza virus A is the most underreported pathogen in Belgian laboratory surveillance. The proposed methods and results are helpful in interpreting the data of clinical and laboratory surveillance, which are the essential parts of influenza surveillance.
Calculating and communicating tail association and the risk of extreme loss
Authors: Sweeting Paul , Fotiou Fotis 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper we examine two aspects of extreme events: their calculation and their communication. In relation to calculation, there are two types of extreme events that are considered.The first is the extent to which extreme events in two or more variables occur together. This can be gauged by using measures of tail association. Higher levels of tail association are useful for highlighting the extent to which there are concentrations of risk. We investigate the range of approaches used to measure tail association and propose a pragmatic alternative, the coefficient of finite tail dependence.The second type of extreme event arises from combinations of losses from a series of risks that together result in total losses exceeding a particular level. This is measured using ruin lines or, in higher dimensions, planes and hyperplanes. The probability of ruin and the economic cost of ruin are considered here. In this context, it is important to consider what the term “loss” actually means, and whether it is in relation to a current set of exposures or a potential strategy.The communication of extreme events is discussed not just in terms of the numbers that can be used, but in terms of the graphical methods that can be used to aggregate information on a range of risk combinations. This involves communicating not just the level of risk but also the importance of the risk considered.
The role of Coulomb stress changes for injection‐induced seismicity: The Basel enhanced geothermal system
Authors: Catalli Flaminia , Meier Men‐Andrin , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe estimate Coulomb stress variations (ΔCFS) by considering interactions among 163 earthquakes (ML ≤ 3.4) that occurred during the hydraulic stimulation of the enhanced geothermal system in Basel, Switzerland, in 2006. We observe that overall 75% of event locations are consistent with positive ΔCFS. The performance of the model increases with time and distance from injection, accordingly with the presumed less dominant role of the pore pressure further from the injection well and after shut‐in. We analyze the sensitivity of results to location and focal mechanism uncertainties, the fault‐plane ambiguity, and the friction coefficient. We find that ΔCFS are highly sensitive to location accuracy but robust with regard to uncertainties of the other parameters. Our results suggest that (i) the Coulomb model may complement conventional pore‐pressure triggering models and (ii) implementing it for time‐dependent seismic hazard assessment during fluid injection may improve the forecasting ability but will require highly accurate hypocenter estimates.
The 2002/2003 El Niño: Equatorial waves sequence and their impact on sea surface temperature
Authors: Mosquera‐Vásquez K. , Dewitte B. , Illig S. , Takahashi K. , Garric G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe recent decades have experienced changes in the characteristics of the El Niño phenomenon, with in particular an increased occurrence of so‐called Modoki or Central Pacific El Niños. Here the 2002/2003 El Niño, characterized as a Central Pacific El Niño, is studied from an Ocean General Circulation Model simulation. The focus is on the sequence of equatorial waves and their impact on zonal and vertical advection. The wave amplitude according to the most energetic baroclinic modes are first estimated, which allows inferring the sequence of the intraseasonal equatorial Kelvin (IKW) and Rossby (IRW) waves. It is shown that energetic downwelling IKWs, forced in the western‐central Pacific, crossed the equatorial Pacific. Reflections of IKWs into IRWs onto the zonally varying thermocline and eastern boundary are also observed. A simplified heat budget of the surface layer is then carried out to infer the dominant processes at work during the evolution of this event focusing on the wave‐induced advection terms. The results indicate that the warming phase (April–November 2002) is mainly controlled by zonal advection of mean temperature (accounted for by IKWs and locally wind‐driven current) and by vertical advection in the eastern Pacific. The cooling phase (December 2002 to April 2003) is dominated by a reduction in solar radiation and the IRW‐induced zonal advection of mean temperature respectively in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The recharge‐discharge process is also showed to be at work with the recharge (discharge) process operating mainly through the second (first) baroclinic mode.
A decade of energy and mass balance investigations on the glacier Kongsvegen, Svalbard
Authors: Karner F. , Obleitner F. , Krismer T. , Kohler J. , Greuell W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKongsvegen is an Arctic glacier located in northwest Spitzbergen. We use meteorological observations made near the average equilibrium line of Kongsvegen during the decade 2001 to 2010 to drive a glacier energy and mass balance model. Average daily and seasonal cycles are analyzed over the course of a full decade, as well as the interannual variations of the meteorological parameters and of the mass and energy balance components. The calculated average of net radiation is close to zero and the sensible heat flux is the most important and continuous source of energy at the surface. The latent heat flux is a weak source of energy as well. The resultant flux constellation yields a surplus of energy accumulating throughout the decade (9.5 W m–2) and fosters a negative specific surface mass balance throughout the investigated decade (–1.8 m w. eq.). The most significant mass loss occurred during the middle of the decade (2004 until 2006), with positive surface mass balances observed afterward when significant amounts of superimposed ice were formed. This development is well correlated to the total surface mass balance of the glacier. Application of monthly temperature and precipitation perturbations corroborates earlier studies indicating a high sensitivity of the mass balance to energy fluxes depending on temperature conditions during summer.
Novel configuration of a myosin II transient intermediate analogue revealed by quick-freeze deep-etch replica electron microscopy
Authors: Kimori Yoshitaka , Baba Norio , Katayama Eisaku 
Published: December 2012

In the present paper, we described our attempt to characterize the rough three-dimensional features of the structural analogue of the key intermediate of myosin's cross-bridge cycle. Using quick-freeze deep-etch replica electron microscopy, we observed that actin-attached myosin during in vitro sliding was bent superficially as postulated by the conventional hypothesis, but in the opposite direction of the putative pre-power-stroke configuration, as for ADP·Vi (inorganic vanadate)-bound myosin. We searched for the conformational species with a similar appearance and found that SH1–SH2 (thiols 1 and 2)-cross-linked myosin is a good candidate. To characterize such small asymmetric structures, we employed a new pattern-recognition procedure that accommodates the metal-replicated samples. In this method, the best-matched views of the target microscopic images were selected from a comprehensive set of images simulated from known atomic co-ordinates of relevant proteins. Together with effective morphological filtering, we could define the conformational species and the view angles of the catalytic domain and the lever arm cropped from averaged images of disulfide-cross-linked myosin. Whereas the catalytic domain of the new conformer closely resembled the pPDM (N,N′-p-phenylenedimaleimide)-treated, but SH2 Lys705-cross-linked, structure (PDB code 1L2O), a minor product of the same cross-linking reaction, the lever arm projected differently. Using separately determined view angles of the catalytic domain and the lever arm, we built a model of disulfide-cross-linked myosin. Further combination with the ‘displacement-mapping’ procedure enabled us to reconstruct the global three-dimensional envelope of the unusual structure whose lever arm orientation is compatible with our reports on the actin-sliding cross-bridge structure. Assuming this conformer as the structural analogue of the transient intermediate during actin sliding, the power stroke of the lever arm might accompany the reversal of the disorganized SH1 helix.