bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive exposure versus avoidance in patients with chronic pain: Adherence matters
Authors: Nicholas M.K. , Asghari A. , Sharpe L. , Brnabic A. , Wood B.M. , Overton S. , Tonkin L. , de Sousa M. , Finniss D. , Beeston L. , Sutherland A. , Corbett M. , Brooker C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural exposure methods can reduce pain‐avoidance behaviours, but outcomes vary. One possible explanation is that patients employ cognitive (experiential) avoidance during behavioural exposure. If so, reducing cognitive avoidance during behavioural exposure should help. One option is interoceptive exposure (IE), which involves sustained exposure (via attention) to pain sensations. In order to test if IE could improve outcomes from behavioural exposure, this study with mixed chronic pain patients compared outcomes from a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) pain management programme incorporating either IE or distraction from pain.MethodsOne hundred forty chronic pain patients were randomly assigned to CBT + IE or CBT + distraction. Outcome measures included pain, disability, depression and medication. Measures reflecting degree of threat of pain were also employed (catastrophizing, fear‐avoidance, pain self‐efficacy and pain acceptance). An intention‐to‐treat approach, using mixed‐effects model repeated measures, as well as conventional inferential statistical tests, effect sizes and reliable change indices were employed to evaluate the outcomes up to 1‐year post‐treatment.ResultsSignificant improvements were achieved by both treatment conditions on all outcome measures and on measures reflecting the threatening nature of pain, with no differences between treatment conditions.ConclusionsThe addition of IE to behavioural exposure did not improve outcomes. However, higher adherence to either attentional strategy was associated with larger effect sizes on all measures, suggesting factors shared by the two treatments could have contributed to the outcomes. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that increasing adherence to treatment strategies, possibly by motivational measures, would improve the overall outcomes of these interventions.
Preclinical Studies of Noncharged Oxime Reactivators for Organophosphate Exposure
Authors: Okolotowicz Karl J. , Dwyer Mary , Smith Emily , Cashman John R. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA countermeasure that protects the brain from organophosphate toxicity is an unmet need. Few small molecule reactivators that can cross the blood brain barrier and reactivate brain acetyl cholinesterases have been reported. Herein, we describe preclinical investigations of a new class of amidine–oxime reactivator of cholinesterases with improved potency and blood brain barrier permeability. (Z)‐N‐((E)‐1‐(Dimethylamino)‐2‐(hydroxyimino)ethylidene)butan‐1‐aminium chloride, 1, is zwitterionic at physiological pH but possesses increased oxime nucleophilicity because of the adjacent amidine functionality. The amidine–oximes reported herein were observed to be nontoxic (up to 200 mg/kg in vivo) and are chemically and metabolically stable. The results presented herein show that uncharged amidine–oxime reactivators such as 1 can penetrate the blood brain barrier in animals and protect from the toxicity of nerve agent model compounds.
The Merged Basins of Signal Transduction Pathways in Spatiotemporal Cell Biology
Authors: Hou Yingchun , Hou Yang , He Siyu , Ma Caixia , Sun Mengyao , He Huimin , Gao Ning 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNumerous evidences have indicated that a signal system is composed by signal pathways, each pathway is composed by sub‐pathways, and the sub‐pathway is composed by the original signal terminals initiated with a protein/gene. We infer the terminal signals merged signal transduction system as “signal basin”. In this article, we discussed the composition and regulation of signal basins, and the relationship between the signal basin control and triple W of spatiotemporal cell biology. Finally, we evaluated the importance of the systemic regulation to gene expression by signal basins under triple W. We hope our discussion will be the beginning to cause the attention for this area from the scientists of life science. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 287–291, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Riggs Matthew M. , Staab Alexander , Seman Leo , MacGregor Thomas R. , Bergsma Timothy T. , Gastonguay Marc R. , Macha Sreeraj 
Published: August 2013

AbstractData from five randomized, placebo‐controlled, multiple oral dose studies of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; N = 974; 1–100 mg q.d.; ≤12 weeks) were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for empagliflozin. The model consisted of two‐compartmental disposition, lagged first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination, and incorporated appropriate covariates. Population estimates (interindividual variance, CV%) of oral apparent clearance, central and peripheral volumes of distribution, and inter‐compartmental clearance were 9.87 L/h (26.9%), 3.02 L, 60.4 L (30.8%), and 5.16 L/h, respectively. An imposed allometric weight effect was the most influential PK covariate effect, with a maximum effect on exposure of ±30%, using 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of observed weights, relative to the median observed weight. Sex and race did not lend additional description to PK variability beyond allometric weight effects, other than ∼25% greater oral absorption rate constant for Asian patients. Age, total protein, and smoking/alcohol history did not affect PK parameters. Predictive check plots were consistent with observed data, implying an adequate description of empagliflozin PKs following multiple dosing in patients with T2DM. The lack of marked covariate effects, including weight, suggests that no exposure‐based dose adjustments were required within the study population and dose range.
Seasonal variations in 35S and Δ17O of sulfate aerosols on the Antarctic plateau
Authors: Hill‐Falkenthal Jason , Priyadarshi Antra , Savarino Joel , Thiemens Mark 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first reported seasonal Δ17O anomaly in sulfate aerosols and measurements of radioactive 35SO42− activities collected from Dome C, Antarctica, are reported. Δ17O values exhibit minima during summer (as low as 0.91‰) when tropospheric oxidation patterns are dominated by OH/H2O2 mechanisms. Significant enrichment during autumn and spring is observed (up to 2.40‰) as ozone oxidation increases in the troposphere relative to summer and both stratospheric sources and long‐range transport become more significant to the total sulfate budget. An unexpected decrease in Δ17O is seen as winter progresses. This decline is concluded to potentially arise due to a reduction in vertical mixing in the troposphere or linked to variations in the long‐range transport of sulfur species to Antarctica. 35SO42− activities exhibit maxima during summer (up to 1219 atoms 35S/m3) that correlate with the peak in stratospheric flux and minima during winter (as low as 146 atoms 35S/m3) when the lack of solar radiation substantially reduces photochemical activity. It is shown that 35S offers the potential to be used as an additional tracer to study stratospheric and tropospheric interactions and is used to estimate stratospheric input of sulfur (combination of SO2 and SO42−). Stratospheric sulfur input produces maxima during summer/autumn with an upper limit of 5.5 ng/m3 and minima during winter/spring with an upper limit of 1.1 ng/m3. From these results, it is concluded that the variation in Δ17O is more reliant upon shifts in tropospheric oxidation mechanisms and long‐range transport than on changes in the stratospheric flux.
Multiple satellite observations of cloud cover in extratropical cyclones
Authors: Naud Catherine M. , Booth James F. , Posselt Derek J. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUsing cloud observations from NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer, and CloudSat‐CALIPSO, composites of cloud fraction in southern and northern hemisphere extratropical cyclones are obtained for cold and warm seasons between 2006 and 2010, to assess differences between these three data sets, and between summer and winter cyclones. In both hemispheres and seasons, over the open ocean, the cyclone‐centered cloud fraction composites agree within 5% across the three data sets, but behind the cold fronts, or over sea ice and land, the differences are much larger. To supplement the data set comparison and learn more about the cyclones, we also examine the differences in cloud fraction between cold and warm season for each data set. The difference in cloud fraction between cold and warm season southern hemisphere cyclones is small for all three data sets, but of the same order of magnitude as the differences between the data sets. The cold‐warm season contrast in northern hemisphere cyclone cloud fractions is similar for all three data sets: in the warm sector, the cold season cloud fractions are lower close to the low, but larger on the equator edge than their warm season counterparts. This seasonal contrast in cloud fraction within the cyclones warm sector seems to be related to the seasonal differences in moisture flux within the cyclones. Our analysis suggests that the three different data sets can all be used confidently when studying the warm sector and warm frontal zone of extratropical cyclones but caution should be exerted when studying clouds in the cold sector.
Design of k‐space channel combination kernels and integration with parallel imaging
Authors: Beatty Philip J. , Chang Shaorong , Holmes James H. , Wang Kang , Brau Anja C. S. , Reeder Scott B. , Brittain Jean H. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeIn this work, a new method is described for producing local k‐space channel combination kernels using a small amount of low‐resolution multichannel calibration data. Additionally, this work describes how these channel combination kernels can be combined with local k‐space unaliasing kernels produced by the calibration phase of parallel imaging methods such as GRAPPA, PARS and ARC.MethodsExperiments were conducted to evaluate both the image quality and computational efficiency of the proposed method compared to a channel‐by‐channel parallel imaging approach with image‐space sum‐of‐squares channel combination.ResultsResults indicate comparable image quality overall, with some very minor differences seen in reduced field‐of‐view imaging. It was demonstrated that this method enables a speed up in computation time on the order of 3–16X for 32‐channel data sets.ConclusionThe proposed method enables high quality channel combination to occur earlier in the reconstruction pipeline, reducing computational and memory requirements for image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 71:2139–2154, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of energy‐efficient cloud systems via network and resource virtualization
Authors: Kantarci Burak , Foschini Luca , Corradi Antonio , Mouftah Hussein T. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryData centers play a crucial role in the delivery of cloud services by enabling on‐demand access to the shared resources such as software, platform and infrastructure. Virtual machine (VM) allocation is one of the challenging tasks in data center management since user requirements, typically expressed as service‐level agreements, have to be met with the minimum operational expenditure. Despite their huge processing and storage facilities, data centers are among the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions of IT services. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach for a large‐scale cloud system where the cloud services are provisioned by several data centers interconnected over the backbone network. Leveraging the possibility to virtualize the backbone topology in order to bypass IP routers, which are major power consumers in the core network, we propose a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for VM placement that aims at minimizing both power consumption at the virtualized backbone network and resource usage inside data centers. Since the general holistic MILP formulation requires heavy and long‐running computations, we partition the problem into two sub‐problems, namely, intra and inter‐data center VM placement. In addition, for the inter‐data center VM placement, we also propose a heuristic to solve the virtualized backbone topology reconfiguration computation in reasonable time. We thoroughly assessed the performance of our proposed solution, comparing it with another notable MILP proposal in the literature; collected experimental results show the benefit of the proposed management scheme in terms of power consumption, resource utilization and fairness for medium size data centers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome and etiologies of fetal megacystis according to the gestational age at diagnosis
Authors: Bornes Marie , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Schmitz Thomas , Dreux Sophie , Czerkiewicz Isabelle , Delezoide Anne‐Lise , El‐Ghoneimi Alaa , Oury Jean‐François , Muller Françoise 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the gestational age‐specific outcomes and the different etiologies of megacystis diagnosed at screening ultrasound.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study was conducted between 1989 and 2009. We identified all consecutive cases of megacystis prenatally diagnosed during routine ultrasound screening. Outcome, final diagnosis, and renal function were recorded.ResultsEighty‐four patients were included. An isolated lower urinary tract obstruction was observed in 38/84 (45.2%), ureterovesical reflux in 9/84 (10.7%), an associated congenital abnormality in 32/84 (38.1%) and a normal bladder in 5/84 (6%). Increased gestational age at diagnosis was correlated with an increased rate of live born children (P < 0.01). No cases of megacystis diagnosed in the first trimester were born alive. When diagnosis of posterior urethral valves (PUV) was made in the third trimester, the ultimate survival rate was 11/13 (84.6%) compared with 3/12 (25%) for a diagnosis made in the second trimester (P = 0.02).ConclusionLower urinary tract obstruction is the main etiology of megacystis. Megacystis can also be part of more complex malformations. Outcome of megacystis detected in the first trimester is poor. PUV detected in the third trimester had a better overall survival rate than PUV detected in the second trimester. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal grief following a termination of pregnancy for foetal abnormality: the impact of coping strategies
Authors: Lafarge Caroline , Mitchell Kathryn , Fox Pauline 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivePregnancy termination for foetal abnormality (TFA) can have significant psychological repercussions, but little is known about the coping strategies involved in dealing with TFA. This study examined the relationships between women's coping strategies and perinatal grief.MethodA total of 166 women completed a survey online. Coping and perinatal grief were measured using the Brief COPE and Short Perinatal Grief Scales. Data were analysed through multiple regression analyses.ResultsDespite using mostly adaptive coping strategies, women's levels of grief were high and varied according to obstetric and termination variables. Grief was predicted by behavioural disengagement, venting, planning, religion, self‐blame, being recently bereaved, being childless at the time of TFA, not having had children/being pregnant since TFA and uncertainty about the decision to terminate the pregnancy. Acceptance and positive reframing negatively predicted grief.ConclusionIdentifying women vulnerable to poor psychological adjustment and promoting coping strategies associated with lower levels of grief may be beneficial. This could be addressed through information provision and interventions such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of subgroup‐specific treatment effect in the absence of an overall effect: is there really a contradiction?
Authors: Abrahamowicz Michal , Beauchamp Marie‐Eve , Fournier Pierre , Dumont Alexandre 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeInteraction and subgroup analyses remain controversial topics in epidemiology. A recent theoretical paper suggested that a combination of no overall treatment‐outcome association and treatment effect limited to a single subgroup would imply a clinically implausible interaction, with opposite treatment effects in the two subgroups. However, this argument was based entirely on point estimates and ignored sampling error and statistical inference.MethodsWe simulated hypothetical studies in which treatment truly affected the outcome in only one subgroup, with no effect in the other subgroup. We generated 1000 random samples for three study designs (small clinical study, case–control, and large cohort), and different values of total sample size (N), relative size of the affected subgroup, and treatment effect. We estimated the frequency of significant results for tests of overall and subgroup‐specific treatment effects, and treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction.ResultsCombination of statistically non‐significant overall treatment effect and significant treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction occurred frequently, especially if the affected subgroup was proportionally smaller, even in studies with high power to detect the overall effect (e.g. in 37.1% of samples with N = 20 000, with 600 outcomes, and an effect (odds ratio of 1.5) limited to 30% of subjects). Furthermore, in most samples with a significant interaction, subgroup analyses correctly indicated that the significant effect was limited to one subgroup.ConclusionIn studies where the treatment truly affects the risks in only one subgroup, a non‐significant overall effect will often coincide with a statistically significant treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction. Thus, a non‐significant overall effect should not prevent testing plausible interactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of High Surface Area Anatase TiO2 Exhibiting a Complete Lithium Insertion Solid Solution
Authors: Patra Snehangshu , Davoisne Carine , Bruyère Stéphanie , Bouyanfif Houssny , Cassaignon Sophie , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Sauvage Frédéric 
Published: August 2013

The synthesis of highly divided anatase TiO2 nanoparticles displaying 300 m2 g−1 surface area is achieved by following a two‐step synthetic process at room temperature. The particles exhibit a needle‐like morphology composed of self‐assembled 4 nm nanoparticles. The crystallization process from amorphous TiO2.1.6H2O to oriented aggregation of anatase TiO2 proceeds according to a slow solid dehydration process taking place in a large range of pH in deionized water (1 < pH < 12) or alternatively when including a low amount of NH4F(aq) in solution. Driven by their high surface area enhancing the chemical/electrochemical reactivity, it is reported in the case of the anatase TiO2 that a modification in the lithium insertion mechanism is no longer attributable to a two‐phase reaction between the two‐end members LiεTiO2 and Li0.5±αTiO2 when downsizing the particle size, but instead through a complete solid solution all along the composition range.
Electrical penetration graph studies to investigate the effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding behavior of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Capsicum annuum
Authors: Jacobson Alana L. , Kennedy George G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole has been shown to suppress aphid and whitefly populations as well as reduce transmission of plant viruses by thrips and whiteflies when taken up systemically by the plant. In this study, electrical penetration graphing (EPG) was used to compare effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding behavior of Myzus persicae with those of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid applied as a soil drench to pepper plants two‐, six‐, and ten‐days post‐treatment.RESULTSSignificant reductions in the total amount of time spent probing, mean number of phloem feeding events, and mean number of intracellular punctures were observed on both cyantraniliprole‐ and imidacloprid‐treated plants, compared to aphids that fed on plants treated only with water. Imidacloprid treatment also caused a significant reduction in the total number of probes relative to the water treated control. The effects of cyantraniliprole were statistically significant only in assays conducted at ten‐days post‐treatment, whereas the effects of imidacloprid on aphid feeding were significant in assays conducted at two‐, six‐, and ten‐days post‐treatment.CONCLUSIONThese findings document significant effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding by Myzus persicae. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Innovative developments for long‐term mammalian pest control
Authors: Blackie Helen M , MacKay Jamie W.B , Allen Will J , Smith Des H. V , Barrett Brent , Whyte Belinda I , Murphy Elaine C , Ross James , Shapiro Lee , Ogilvie Shaun , Sam Shona , MacMorran Duncan , Inder Shane , Eason Charles T 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDInvasive mammalian pests have inflicted substantial environmental and economic damage on a worldwide scale.RESULTSOver the last 30 years there has been minimal innovation in the development of new control tools. The development of new vertebrate pesticides, for example, has been largely restricted due to the costly and time‐consuming processes associated with testing and registration.CONCLUSIONIn this article we discuss recent progress and trends in a number of areas of research aimed to achieve long‐term population suppression or eradication of mammalian pest species. The examples discussed here are emerging from research being conducted in New Zealand, where invasive mammalian pests are one of the greatest threats facing the national environment and economy. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Force and conductance spectroscopy of second‐layer tin‐phthalocyanine on Ag(111)
Authors: Hauptmann Nadine , Berndt Richard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe conductance, frequency shift, and energy dissipation are measured during the formation of a contact to a single tin‐phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecule. The molecule is located on top of a first SnPc layer on Ag(111). The data show that subtle changes of the adsorption geometry cause drastic differences of the conductance, force, and dissipation signals.Site‐dependent averaged conductance shift versus piezo displacement.
Mapping the protein‐binding sites for novel iridium(III) anticancer complexes using electron capture dissociation
Authors: Qi Yulin , Liu Zhe , Li Huilin , Sadler Peter J. , O'Connor Peter B. 
Published: August 2013

RATIONALEApplication of Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT‐ICR) tandem mass spectrometry reveals the binding sites for novel cyclopentadienyl IrIII anticancer complexes on calmodulin. The conventional fragmentation methods, collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), failed to define the Ir modification, but these binding sites were located via electron capture dissociation (ECD).METHODSA combination of top‐down and bottom‐up methods was used to generate detailed information about the reaction of these compounds with a common signalling protein, calmodulin.RESULTSThe research shows that such Ir‐based complexes preferentially bind to methionine sites in the protein, and interestingly, the very low efficiency of the Ir modification is different compared to reactions of PtII complexes, which can lead to protein crosslinking.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report on reactions of novel Ir‐based anticancer complexes with proteins, which provides helpful information for studying the protein targets of this category of metallodrug and the transportation mechanisms which allow them to inhibit cancer cell growth. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.