bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stop the spread: Empowering students to address misinformation through community‐engaged, interdisciplinary science communication training
Authors: Cagle Shelby M. , Anderson Ashley A. , Kelp Nicole C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTeaching science in an age of disinformation and misinformation requires empowering students to address inaccurate information in evidence‐based ways. Science communication scholarship highlights the growing importance of inclusive and relational approaches for addressing misinformation. Thus, we developed, implemented, and evaluated an interdisciplinary, graduate‐level course for students in STEM, journalism/communication, and public health to learn to address misinformation using community‐engaged, evidence‐based approaches. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework for our mixed‐methods analysis of the efficacy of this course, assessing both the behaviors that students planned to utilize in community‐engaged science communication to address misinformation, as well as the attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control that influenced these planned behaviors. Quantitative self‐report metrics indicated that this curriculum increased students' subjective norms for misinformation correction as well as perceived behavioral control of science communication and science civic engagement. Thematic analysis of qualitative student interview data showed that the course helped students increase their plans for inclusive approaches to addressing misinformation. This study indicates the importance of community‐engaged curriculum to develop the mindset and self‐efficacy necessary for scientists‐in‐training to address misinformation in their communities.
Surviving, thriving, and resisting: Reimagining the ordinary gendered lives ofTESOLers
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Cristina , Khor Su Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe guest editors introduce five studies in this special issue on gender equality. The five articles address the gender disparities in English language teaching as they intersect with learner and teacher identities. Despite progress made in the field for the past 20 years, we are reminded that women and queer individuals in our educational spaces, such as students and practitioners, continue to experience gender‐based oppression such as recent bans on abortion, control over their bodies, lack of access to education, basic needs such as food and housing security (Kendall, 2020), gender violence, homophobia and transphobia, and the silencing of teachers' racial and queer justice efforts in schools. Patriarchy, misogyny, and sexism—systems predicated on a gender binary and hierarchies—materialize in our educational contexts through homogenous views of identity and language that erase difference. These systems reward competition and hierarchical thinking while punishing creative border‐crossing practices. Therefore, understanding how social issues make their way into our language classrooms becomes important for all TESOLers and other educators as they directly shape students' learning, pedagogical practices, curriculum design, etc.. However, the authors of these studies also demonstrate that women and people with non‐conforming gender identities are still here and very much present in English language classrooms, surviving, resisting, and reimagining collective action for all to learn in more equitable conditions. This article builds on the studies presented in the special issue to suggest additional professional practices in order to mitigate gender‐based oppressions in the field.
Expression of somatostatin receptors in canine and feline meningioma
Authors: Immler Martin , Wolfram Michael , Oevermann Anna , Walter Ingrid , Wolfesberger Birgitt , Tichy Alexander , Gradner Gabriele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe standard treatment for canine and feline meningiomas includes radiotherapy, surgical excision or combined therapy. However, new therapeutic approaches are required due to the possible recurrence or progression of meningiomas despite initial therapy. Adjunctive therapy with synthetic long‐acting somatostatin (SST) analogues has been described in humans with SST‐expressing tumours. The expression of SST receptors (SSTRs) by feline meningiomas is currently unknown, and there are little data about canine meningiomas. We hypothesized that SSTR is expressed by canine and feline meningiomas ().MethodsSeven canines and 11 felines with histologically confirmed meningiomas underwent STTR screening. RNA expressions of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 (canine) and SSTR1–SSTR 5 (feline) in fresh frozen and formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples were investigated using real‐time (RT)‐qPCR. The expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 in FFPE samples was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The specificity of applied antibodies for canine and feline species was confirmed by western blotting.ResultsIn canine meningiomas (n = 7), RNA expression of SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR5 was detected in all samples; SSTR3 RNA expression was detected in only 33% of samples. In feline meningiomas (n = 12), RNA expression of SSTR1, SSTR4, SSTR5 and SSTR2 was detected in 91%, 46%, 46% and 36% of samples, respectively; SSTR3 was not expressed. Overall, the detection rate was lower in FFPE samples. IHC revealed the expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 in all samples from both species. However, it is important to exercise caution when interpreting IHC results due to the presence of diffuse background staining.ConclusionsSSTRs are widely expressed in canine and feline meningiomas, thereby encouraging further studies investigating SSTR expression to conduct trials about the effect of adjunctive therapy with long‐acting SST‐analogues.
Analysis of experimental and simulation data of evaporation‐driven isotopic fractionation in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Schneider Jana , Kiemle Stefanie , Heck Katharina , Rothfuss Youri , Braud Isabelle , Helmig Rainer , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStable water isotopologs can add valuable information to the understanding of evaporation processes. The identification of the evaporation front from isotopolog concentration depth profiles under very dry soil conditions is of particular interest. We compared two different models that describe isotopolog transport in a drying unsaturated porous medium: SiSPAT‐Isotope and DuMux. In DuMux, the medium can dry out completely whereas in SiSPAT‐Isotope, drying is limited to the residual water saturation. We evaluated the impact of residual water saturation on simulated isotopic concentration. For a low residual water saturation, both models simulated similar isotopolog concentrations. For high residual water saturation, SiSPAT‐Isotope simulated considerably lower concentrations than DuMux. This is attributed to the buffering of changes in isotopolog concentrations by the residual water in SiSPAT‐Isotope and an additional enrichment due to evaporation of residual water in DuMux. Additionally, we present a comparison between high‐frequency experimental data and model simulations. We found that diffusive transport processes in the laminar boundary layer and in the dried‐out surface soil layer need to be represented correctly to reproduce the observed downward movement of the evaporation front and the associated peak of isotopolog enrichment. Artificially increasing the boundary layer thickness to reproduce a decrease in evaporation rate leads to incorrect simulation of the location of the evaporation front and isotopolog concentration profile.
The Disappointing Discussion About Aid Effectiveness
Authors: Lopes Carlos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Western paradigm of developmental assistance in Africa can trace its origins back to the colonial era. As such, it is tarnished by the asymmetry of the relationship between the coloniser and the colonised. This chapter revisits the debates about aid in Africa. It explores how tools such as structural adjustment programmes, aid effectiveness discussions, macroeconomic conditionality, and rating agencies’ risk perceptions reinforce an outdated aid logic founded on the principles of charity. This logic has formed the basis for development cooperation between ACP countries and the EU since 1975, as formalised in the Cotonou Agreement (formerly Lomé Convention) and other agreements between the EU and North African countries.The impact of this logic over decades has not been positive for the continent. The global aid industry effectively shackles aid-dependent nations by keeping them perpetually reliant on the generosity of the wealthy. At the same time, focusing on African external economic obligations as a marker of good performance rather than a fundamental transformation of the countries means that the real impact of aid has been limited. The debacle of structural adjustment opened new opportunities to move away from a charity perspective and subsequently allowed for a less prescriptive approach towards Africa. However, this opening proved to be short-lived, an unfortunate lost opportunity.
Europarties: Elucidating Their Organizational Evolution and Capacity
Authors: Johansson Karl Magnus , Raunio Tapio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the organization of Europarties. It sets out how they organize and shows the rationale behind their organizational development over the past five decades. The chapter explores three major questions: (1) What are Europarties for? (2) What is the organizational evolution of the Europarties? And (3) What is the organizational structure of the Europarties? However, the chapter goes beyond description and uncovers an evolutionary logic that reflects incremental growth and adjustment and is explained in terms of collective action and identity. An important part of this development is the regulatory framework, including rules regarding funding, which the Europarties themselves have largely instigated. The chapter concludes with reflections on what lessons these findings hold for scholarly understanding and the future of the Europarties.
Finding Argument Fragments on Social Media with Corpus Queries and LLMs
Authors: Dykes Nathan , Evert Stephanie , Heinrich Philipp , Humml Merlin , Schröder Lutz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe are concerned with extracting argumentative fragments from social media, exemplified with a case study on a large corpus of English tweets about the UK Brexit referendum in 2016. Our overall approach is to parse the corpus using dedicated corpus queries that fill designated slots in predefined logical patterns. We present an inventory of logical patterns and corresponding queries, which have been carefully designed and refined. While a gold standard of substantial size is difficult to obtain by manual annotation, our queries can retrieve hundreds of thousands of examples with high precision. We show how queries can be combined to extract complex nested statements relevant to argumentation. We also show how to proceed for applications needing higher recall: high-precision query matches can be used as training data for an LLM classifier, and the trade-off between precision and recall can be freely adjusted with its cutoff threshold.
Enhancing Abstract Argumentation Solvers with Machine Learning-Guided Heuristics: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hoffmann Sandra , Kuhlmann Isabelle , Thimm Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAbstract argumentation frameworks model arguments and their relationships as directed graphs, often with the goal of identifying sets of arguments capable of defending themselves against external attacks. The determination of such admissible sets, depending on specific semantics, is known to be an NP-hard problem. Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of machine learning methods in approximating solutions compared to exact methods. In this study, we leverage machine learning to enhance the performance of an exact solver for credulous reasoning under admissibility in abstract argumentation.More precisely, we first apply a random forest to predict acceptability, and subsequently use those predictions to form a heuristic that guides a search-based solver. Additionally, we propose a strategy for handling varying prediction qualities. Our approach significantly reduces both the number of backtracking steps and the overall runtime, compared to standard existing heuristics for search-based solvers, while still providing a correct solution.
Deciphering Personal Argument Styles – A Comprehensive Approach to Analyzing Linguistic Properties of Argument Preferences
Authors: Zymla Mark-Matthias , Buchmüller Raphael , Butt Miriam , Keim Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce an application for exploring the effect of linguistic features on personalized argument preferences. These individual preferences are derived by measuring the impact of linguistic features on pairwise comparisons between arguments. The insights derived from this are, in turn, useful for studies of argument quality. To conduct this research, we have developed a new pipeline that covers three major components: data collection, argument comparison labeling, and data exploration, incorporating linguistic annotations of arguments and preference data. The first component has resulted in a novel corpus consisting of minimal pairs of arguments: the comparable argument corpus. For the second component, we have developed a visual interactive labeling system that structures the annotation process of pairwise comparisons. Through these annotations, we extract patterns of argument preferences using Gaussian Process Preference Learning based on linguistic feature vectors. The corresponding, personalized models are used to identify relevant features to explain argument preferences. By training individual models for different users, we gain information that allows us to compare different user groups, identifying different argumentation preferences across groups. Each of these steps is supported by novel visual analytics dashboards, facilitating data collection and annotation steps and enabling the exploration of personal preferences.
Weakly Supervised Claim Localization in Scientific Abstracts
Authors: Brinner Marc , Zarrieß Sina , Heger Tina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe explore the possibility of leveraging model explainability methods for weakly supervised claim localization in scientific abstracts. The resulting approaches require only abstract-level supervision, i.e., information about the general presence of a claim in a given abstract, to extract spans of text that indicate this specific claim. We evaluate our methods on the SciFact claim verification dataset, as well as on a newly created dataset that contains expert-annotated evidence for scientific hypotheses in paper abstracts from the field of invasion biology. Our results suggest that significant performance in the claim localization task can be achieved without any explicit supervision, which increases the transferability to new domains with limited data availability. In the course of our experiments, we additionally find that injecting information from human evidence annotations into the training of a neural network classifier can lead to a significant increase in classification performance.
Argument Mining of Attack and Support Patterns in Dialogical Conversations with Sequential Pattern Mining
Authors: Ruckdeschel Mattes , Baumann Ringo , Wiedemann Gregor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArgument mining usually operates on short, decontextualized argumentative units such as main and subordinate clauses, or full sentences as proxies for arguments. Argumentation in digital media environments, however, is embedded in larger contexts. Especially on social media platforms, argumentation unfolds in dialog threads or tree structures where users interact with each other. To reveal patterns of such interactions, we transform 2.5 million tweets from 38k German Twitter conversations concerning nuclear energy from 2017, 2019, and 2021 into an abstract representation encoding their stance, and aspects. We then apply Sequential Pattern Mining, a common method for finding patterns in large databases, and explore its capabilities to investigate typical argumentation schemes in user debates. The approach reveals distinct patterns of support and attack relations between pro and contra arguments about nuclear energy in conversational threads when comparing different time slices of our corpus. For example, we are seeing an increasing relevance of the climate aspect in attacks on anti-nuclear arguments. However, the pro arguments are increasingly being countered by cost aspects. Analyzing this diachronic change of patterns allows us to describe the discursive processes of argumentation on a macro level that drive the slow but steady transformation of a society’s social and political convictions.
PAKT: Perspectivized Argumentation Knowledge Graph and Tool for Deliberation Analysis
Authors: Plenz Moritz , Heinisch Philipp , Frank Anette , Cimiano Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeliberative processes play a vital role in shaping opinions, decisions and policies in our society. In contrast to persuasive debates, deliberation aims to foster understanding of conflicting perspectives among interested parties. The exchange of arguments in deliberation serves to elucidate viewpoints, to raise awareness of conflicting interests, and to finally converge on a resolution. To better understand and analyze the underlying processes of deliberation, we proposePAKT, a Perspectivized Argumentation Knowledge Graph and Tool. The graph structures the argumentative space across diverse topics, where arguments i) are divided into premises and conclusions, ii) are annotated for stances, framings and their underlying values and iii) are connected to background knowledge. We show how to constructPAKTand conduct case studies on the obtained multifaceted argumentation graph. Our findings show the analytical potential offered by our framework, highlighting the capability to go beyond individual arguments and to reveal structural patterns in the way participants and stakeholders argue in a debate. The overarching goal of our work is to facilitate constructive discourse and informed decision making as a special form of argumentation. We offer public access toPAKTand its rich capabilities to support analytics, visualization, navigation and efficient search, for diverse forms of argumentation (GitHub:www.github.com/Heidelberg-NLP/PAKTWebsite:www.webtentacle1.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/accept/).
On finite groups in which the twisted conjugacy classes of the unit element are subgroups
Authors: Nicotera Chiara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider groups G such that the set $$[G,\varphi ]=\{g^{-1}g^{\varphi }|g\in G\}$$

[
G
,
φ
]

=

{

g

-
1

g
φ

|
g
∈
G
}

is a subgroup for every automorphism $$\varphi $$
φ
of G, and we prove that there exists such a group G that is finite and nilpotent of class n for every $$n\in \mathbb N$$

n
∈
N

. Then there exists an infinite not nilpotent group with the above property and the Conjecture 18.14 of Khukhro and Mazurov (The Kourovka Notebook No. 20, 2022) is false.
PHLDA1-PRDM1 mediates the effect of lentiviral vectors on fate-determination of human retinal progenitor cells
Authors: Hu Xing , Chen Jia , Dai Wangxuan , Xiao Yuhua , Chen Xu , Chen Zheyao , Zhang Shuyao , Hu Youjin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLentiviral vectors have markedly enhanced gene therapy efficiency in treating congenital diseases, but their long-term safety remains controversial. Most gene therapies for congenital eye diseases need to be carried out at early ages, yet the assessment of related risks to ocular development posed by lentiviral vectors is challenging. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic profiling on human retinal organoids, this study explored the impact of lentiviral vectors on the retinal development and found that lentiviral vectors can cause retinal precursor cells to shift toward photoreceptor fate through the up-regulation of key fate-determining genes such as PRDM1. Further investigation demonstrated that the intron and intergenic region of PRDM1 was bound by PHLDA1, which was also up-regulated by lentiviral vectors exposure. Importantly, knockdown of PHLDA1 successfully suppressed the lentivirus-induced differentiation bias of photoreceptor cells. The findings also suggest that while lentiviral vectors may disrupt the fate determination of retinal precursor cells, posing risks in early-stage retinal gene therapy, these risks could potentially be reduced by inhibiting the PHLDA1-PRDM1 axis.
Accelerated Simulation of Passive Analog Circuits Over GPU Using Explicit Integration Methods
Authors: Doménech-Asensi Ginés , Kazmierski Tom J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalog circuits composed by large number of nodes in a tightly coupled structure pose significant challenges due to their prohibitive CPU simulation time. This work describes a method to speed up the simulation of such circuits by means of the combination of space state formulation of circuit equations with explicit integration methods parallelized over a many-core processor such as a GPU. Although stability of explicit techniques require smaller integration steps compared to implicit methods, the proposed method employs a fast estimate of the maximum allowed step size to guarantee numerical stability, which yields a shorter simulation time for increasing complexity circuit architectures. Moreover, the proposed technique can be straightforward parallelized on a many core architecture. The proposed method is demonstrated with two examples using constant and variable coefficients respectively: an RLC interconnect and a MOS-C network to perform Gaussian filtering of medium resolution images. The results obtained have been compared to a parallel version of SPICE and show improvements up to two orders of magnitude for transient simulations depending of the circuit size.
Disk-Like Surfaces of Section and Symplectic Capacities
Authors: Edtmair O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove that the cylindrical capacity of a dynamically convex domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ agrees with the least symplectic area of a disk-like global surface of section of the Reeb flow on the boundary of the domain. Moreover, we prove the strong Viterbo conjecture for all convex domains in ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ which are sufficiently C3 close to the round ball. This generalizes a result of Abbondandolo-Bramham-Hryniewicz-Salomão establishing a systolic inequality for such domains.