bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An orange fluorescent protein tagging system for real-time pollen tracking
Authors: Rice J Hollis , Millwood Reginald J , Mundell Richard E , Chambers Orlando D , Abercrombie Laura L , Davies H Maelor , Stewart C Neal 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Monitoring gene flow could be important for future transgenic crops, such as those producing plant-made-pharmaceuticals (PMPs) in open field production. A Nicotiana hybrid (Nicotiana. tabacum × Nicotiana glauca) shows limited male fertility and could be used as a bioconfined PMP platform. Effective assessment of gene flow from these plants is augmented with methods that utilize fluorescent proteins for transgenic pollen identification.

Results
We report the generation of a pollen tagging system utilizing an orange fluorescent protein to monitor pollen flow and as a visual assessment of transgene zygosity of the parent plant. This system was created to generate a tagged Nicotiana hybrid that could be used for the incidence of gene flow. Nicotiana tabacum ‘TN 90’ and Nicotiana glauca were successfully transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to express the orange fluorescent protein gene, tdTomato-ER, in pollen and a green fluorescent protein gene, mgfp5-er, was expressed in vegetative structures of the plant. Hybrids were created that utilized the fluorescent proteins as a research tool for monitoring pollen movement and gene flow. Manual greenhouse crosses were used to assess hybrid sexual compatibility with N. tabacum, resulting in seed formation from hybrid pollination in 2% of crosses, which yielded non-viable seed. Pollen transfer to the hybrid formed seed in 19% of crosses and 10 out of 12 viable progeny showed GFP expression.

Conclusion
The orange fluorescent protein is visible when expressed in the pollen of N. glauca, N. tabacum, and the Nicotiana hybrid, although hybrid pollen did not appear as bright as the parent lines. The hybrid plants, which show limited ability to outcross, could provide bioconfinement with the benefit of detectable pollen using this system. Fluorescent protein-tagging could be a valuable tool for breeding and in vivo ecological monitoring.
Interactions between hypoxia tolerance and food deprivation in Amazonian oscars, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz)
Authors: De Boeck Gudrun , Wood Chris M. , Iftikar Fathima I. , Matey Victoria , Scott Graham R. , Sloman Katherine A. , da Silva Maria de Nazaré Paula , Almeida-Val Vera M. F. , Val Adalberto L. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Oscars are often subjected to low levels of oxygen and fasting during nest-guarding on Amazonian floodplains. We questioned if this anorexia would compromise ionoregulation under the hypoxic, ion-poor Amazonian conditions. We compared fed and fasted oscars (10-14 days), in both normoxia and hypoxia (10-20 Torr, 4-8 hours). Routine oxygen consumption rates (MO2) were lower in fed fish, reflecting behavioural differences, but fasting improved hypoxia resistance with lower critical oxygen tensions (Pcrit). Energy stores and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in liver, muscle or gills were not affected. However, hepatosomatic index was reduced by more than 50% in fasted fish, indicating lower total energy stores. Branchial Na+ uptake rates were lower in fed fish, whereas Na+ efflux was similar. Fed and fasted fish quickly reduced Na+ uptake and efflux during hypoxia, with fasting fish responding more rapidly. Ammonia excretion and K+ efflux were reduced under hypoxia, indicating decreased transcellular permeability. Fasted fish had more mitochondria rich cells (MRC), with larger crypts. Gill MRC density and surface area were greatly reduced under hypoxia, possibly to reduce ion uptake and efflux rates. Density of mucous cells of normoxic fasted fish was about four-fold of that in fed fish. This was reduced to half in animals exposed to hypoxia, with clear mucous deposits on the epithelial surface. Overall, a 10-14 day fasting period had no negative effects on hypoxia tolerance in oscars, as fasted fish were able to respond quicker to lower oxygen levels and turned down branchial permeability effectively.
Structure, material characteristics and function of the upper respiratory tract of the pygmy sperm whale
Authors: Davenport John , Cotter Liz , Rogan Emer , Kelliher Denis , Murphy Colm 
Published: September 2013

SummaryCetaceans are neckless, so the trachea is very short. The upper respiratory tract is separate from the mouth and pharynx. The dorsal blowhole connects, via the vestibular and nasopalatine cavities, directly to the larynx. Toothed cetaceans (Odontoceti) are capable of producing sounds at depth, either for locating prey, or for communication. It has been suggested that during dives, air from the lungs and upper respiratory tract can be moved to the vestibular and nasal cavities to permit sound generation to continue when air volume within these cavities decreases as ambient pressure rises. The pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps is a deep diver (500-1000 m), known to produce hunting clicks. Our study of an immature female shows that the upper respiratory tract is highly asymmetrical, that the trachea and bronchi are extremely compressible, whereas the larynx is much more rigid. Laryngeal and tracheal volumes were established. Calculations based on Boyle’s Law imply that all air from lungs and bronchi would be transferred to larynx and trachea by a depth of 270 m and that the larynx itself could not accommodate all respiratory air mass at a depth of 1000 m. This suggests that no respiratory air would be available for vocalisation. However, the bronchi, trachea and part of the larynx have a thick vascular lining featuring large, thin-walled vessels. We propose that these vessels may become dilated during dives to reduce the volume of the upper respiratory tract, permitting forward transfer of air through the larynx.
Color dependent learning in restrained Africanized honey bees
Authors: Jernigan Christopher M. , Roubik David W. , Wcislo William T. , Riveros Andre J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAssociative color learning has been demonstrated to be very poor using restrained European honey bees unless the antennae are amputated. Consequently, our understanding of proximate mechanisms in visual information processing is handicapped. Here we test learning performance of Africanized honey bees under restrained conditions with visual and olfactory stimulation using the proboscis extension response (PER) protocol. Restrained individuals were trained to learn an association between a color stimulus and a sugar-water reward. We evaluated performance for "absolute" learning (learned association between a stimulus and a reward) and "discriminant" learning (discrimination between two stimuli). Restrained Africanized honey bees (AHBs) readily learned the association of color stimulus for both blue and green LED stimuli in absolute and discriminatory learning tasks within 7 presentations, but not with violet as the rewarded color. Additionally, 24-hour memory improved considerably during the discrimination task, compared to absolute association (15%-55%). We found that antennal amputation was unnecessary and reduced performance in AHBs. Thus color learning can now be studied using the PER protocol with intact AHBs. This finding opens the way toward investigating visual and multimodal learning with application of neural techniques commonly used in restrained honey bees.
Salinity-induced activation of the myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway in tilapia gill epithelium
Authors: Sacchi Romina , Li Johnathon , Villarreal Fernando , Gardell Alison M. , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: September 2013

Summary
The myo-inositol biosynthesis (MIB) pathway converts glucose-6-phosphate to the compatible osmolyte myo-inositol (MI) that protects cells from osmotic stress. Using proteomics, the enzymes that constitute the MIB pathway, myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) and inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1), are identified in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gill epithelium. Targeted, quantitative, label-free proteomics reveals that they are both up-regulated during salinity stress. Up-regulation is stronger when fish are exposed to severe (34 ppt acute and 90 ppt gradual) relative to moderate (70 ppt gradual) salinity stress. IMPA1 always responds more strongly than MIPS suggesting that MIPS is more stable during salinity stress. MIPS is amino-terminally acetylated and the corresponding peptide increases proportionally to MIPS protein while non-acetylated amino-terminal peptide is not detectable indicating that MIPS acetylation is constitutive and may serve to stabilize the protein. Hyperosmotic induction of MIPS and IMPA1 is confirmed using Western blot and real-time qPCR and much higher at mRNA than protein level. Two distinct MIPS mRNA variants are expressed in gill, but one is more strongly regulated by salinity than the other. A single MIPS gene is encoded in the tilapia genome whereas the zebrafish genome lacks MIPS entirely. The genome of euryhaline tilapia contains 4 IMPA genes, two of which are expressed but only one is salinity-regulated in gill epithelium. The genome of stenohaline zebrafish contains a single IMPA gene. We conclude that the MIB pathway represents a major salinity stress coping mechanism that is regulated at multiple levels in euryhaline fish but absent in stenohaline zebrafish.
Isotope turnover rates and diet-tissue discrimination in skin ofex situBottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Browning Nicole E. , Dold Christopher , I-Fan Jack , Worthy Graham A.J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryDiet-tissue discrimination factors (Δ15N or Δ13C) and turnover times are thought to be influenced by a wide range of variables including metabolic rate, age, dietary quality, tissue sampled, and the taxon being investigated. In the present study, skin samples were collected from ex situ dolphins that had consumed diets of known isotopic composition for a minimum of 8 weeks. Adult dolphins consuming a diet of low fat (5-6%) and high δ15N value had significantly lower Δ15N values than animals consuming a diet with high fat (13.9%) and low δ15N value. Juvenile dolphins consuming a diet with low fat and an intermediate δ15N value had significantly higher Δ15N values than adults consuming the same diet. Calculated half-lives for δ15N ranged from 14 to 23 days (17.2 ± 1.3 days). Half-lives for δ13C ranged from 11 to 23 days with a significant difference between low fat (13.9 ± 4.8 days) and high fat diets (22.0 ± 0.5 days). Overall, our results indicate that while assuming a Δ13C value of 1‰ may be appropriate for cetaceans; Δ15N values may be closer to 1.5‰ rather than the commonly assumed 3‰. Our data also suggest that understanding seasonal variability in prey composition is another significant consideration when applying discrimination factors or turnover times to field studies focused on feeding habits. Isotope retention times of only a few weeks suggest that, in addition, these isotope data could play an important role in interpreting recent fine-scale habitat utilization and residency patterns.
Syntheses of Aldol Products and Cyanohydrins from Carboxylic Acids Using Hydrosilanes, Organosilicon Reagents, and Indium Triiodide Catalyst
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Carboxylic acids were applied to an indium triiodide-catalyzed reductive aldol reaction and a reductive cyanation in order to produce aldol adducts and cyanohydrins, respectively, in which the separate addition of two kinds of hydrosilanes was crucial in combination with either ketene silyl acetals or silyl cyanides.
TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody blocks thermal sensitivity induced by compound 48/80-provoked mast cell degranulation
Authors: Chatterjea Devavani , Paredes Luisa , Martinov Tijana , Balsells Evelyn , Allen Juliann , Sykes Akilah , Ashbaugh Alyssa 
Published: September 2013

Background: Neuro-inflammatory circuits in the tissue regulate the complex pathophysiology of pain. Protective nociceptive pain serves as an early warning system against noxious environmental stimuli. Tissue-resident mast cells orchestrate the increased thermal sensitivity following injection of basic secretagogue compound 48/80 in the hind paw tissues of ND4 mice. Here we investigated the effects of pre-treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody on compound 48/80-provoked thermal hyperalgesia.Methods: We treated ND4 Swiss male mice with intravenous anti-TNF-α antibody or vehicle 30 minutes prior to bilateral, intra-plantar compound 48/80 administration and measured changes in the timing of hind paw withdrawal observed subsequent to mice being placed on a 51oC hotplate. We also assessed changes in tissue swelling, TNF-α gene expression and protein abundance, mast cell degranulation, and neutrophil influx in the hind paw tissue.Findings: We found that TNF-α neutralization significantly blocked thermal hyperalgesia, and reduced early tissue swelling. TNF-α neutralization had no significant effect on mast cell degranulation or neutrophil influx into the tissue, however. Moreover, no changes in TNF-α protein or mRNA levels were detected within 3 hours of administration of compound 48/80.Interpretation: The neutralizing antibodies likely target pre-formed TNF-α including that stored in the granules of tissue-resident mast cells. Pre-formed TNF-α, released upon degranulation, has immediate effects on nociceptive signaling prior to the induction of neutrophil influx. These early effects on nociceptors are abrogated by TNF-α blockade, resulting in compromised nociceptive withdrawal responses to acute, harmful environmental stimuli.
Reappraisal of sectional taxonomy in Musa (Musaceae)
Authors: Häkkinen Markku 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe present work is part of a continuing study on Musa taxa by the author. Several molecular analyses support acceptance of only two Musa sections, M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Callimusa. Musa sect. Rhodochlamys is synonymized with M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Australimusa and M. sect. Ingentimusa are treated as synonyms of M. sect. Callimusa. Species lists are provided for the two accepted sections.
Microwave drying of plant material for herbarium specimens and genetic analysis
Authors: Lander Tonya A. , Dadonaite Bernadeta , Monro Alex K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMicrowave drying of plant specimens is a potentially useful alternative to chemical and traditional air drying preservation techniques because microwave ovens are widely available, and the method is quick and inexpensive and kills pests without leaving toxic residue. We tested the hypotheses that (1) there would be a difference in the concentration of genomic DNA that could be extracted from microwave–dried compared to silica–dried specimens, (2) the effects of microwave treatment would be observable even when the specimen had been first dried in silica gel crystals, (3) the effects of microwave drying would continue to be observable in PCR product concentration using chloroplast, nuclear ribosomal, and nuclear markers, and (4) microwave drying would cause contamination of the nucleic acids by cell material, and this contamination would be reflected in the spectral absorbance of the extracted genomic DNA. In a paired comparison of silica–dried, microwave–dried, and silica+microwave–treated leaves of Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) we found that microwave drying produced specimens with bright leaf colour, which to date have not suffered from insect or fungal attack. However microwave treatment significantly reduced the concentration of extractable genomic DNA, even when the leaves had been previously dried in silica gel, and reduced the concentration of PCR product produced using chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal but not nuclear markers. The genomic DNA extracted from both the microwave–dried and silica+microwave–treated material appears to contain some cellular contaminant which absorbs at 230 nm, indicated by low 260/230 nm absorbance ratios. We suggest that microwave drying is a useful alternative to chemical preservation techniques which limit the capacity for DNA extraction from preserved material. However microwave drying is less desirable than traditional air– or oven drying or the combination of traditionally dried herbarium specimens plus companion samples dried in silica gel crystals.
Myrtineoxylon gen. nov.: The first fossil wood record of the tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae) in eastern Asia
Authors: Oskolski Alexei A. , Feng Xin-Xin , Jin Jian-Hua 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe new genus and species Myrtineoxylon maomingensis is described from the Late Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming Basin, South China. It is the first record of fossil wood from eastern Asia assigned to Myrtaceae. The combination of solitary vessels, simple perforation plates, alternate vestured intervessel pits, bordered vessel–ray pits, vasicentric tracheids, ground tissue fibre–tracheids, diffuse and diffuse–in–aggregate parenchyma in 3–8 cells strands, and 1–3–seriate, strongly heterocellular rays, and absence of crystals is suggestive of a position of the fossil in the tribe Myrteae (informal "Australasian group"), a basal lineage in Myrtaceae. This is the first fossil record from eastern Asia and from all of Eurasia confidently referred to this tribe.
Morphology, DNA–molecular variation, karyology, ecogeography, and phytosociology suggest allopatric differentiation and species rank for Potentilla rigoana (Rosaceae)
Authors: Dobeš Christoph , Rossa Julia , Paule Juraj , Hülber Karl 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Apennines show high floristic diversity promoted by their particular role as an ice–age refugium. However, studies on the evolution of Apennine plants are rare. Potentilla rigoana from the mainly European P. heptaphylla group is an example of a largely ignored taxon originally described from this mountain range. Its evolutionary origin and taxonomic status was studied in an interdisciplinary approach combining morphometric, karyological (flow cytometry and chromosome counting), DNA–molecular (AFLP), ecogeographic (WorldClim climatic variables), and phytosociological data. Morphometric analyses revealed 16 metric and 2 nominal characters separating P. rigoana from its close relatives P. crantzii, P. heptaphylla s.l., and P. neumanniana. Additionally, P. rigoana was intermediate with respect to temperature requirements as well as altitudinal distribution compared to P. crantzii and P. heptaphylla s.l. The species was documented from 54 populations or sampling sites located in the central and southern Apennines where it occurs in montane to subalpine dry habitats. Morphometric analysis suggested its occurrence in the Balkans. Molecular and morphometric analyses further suggested reticulate relationships of the Balkan samples of P. heptaphylla s.l. with P. rigoana. Potentilla rigoana comprises five ploidy levels with the dominant diploids and tetraploids geographically centered in the southern and central Apennines, respectively. The existence of diploids and a uniformly heptaploid population indicate the occurrence of both sexuality and apomixis. The combined datasets suggested species status for P. rigoana. The ecogeographic distribution indicated an allopatric differentiation of the species within the P. heptaphylla group. The latitudinal separation of diploid and polyploid cytotypes coincided with a glacial refugium in the southern Apennines and more dynamic past climatic conditions in the central Apennines.
Functional acetabular component position with supine total hip replacement
Authors: Eilander W. , Harris S. J. , Henkus H. E. , Cobb J. P. , Hogervorst T. 
Published: September 2013

Orientation of the acetabular component influences wear, range of movement and the incidence of dislocation after total hip replacement (THR). During surgery, such orientation is often referenced to the anterior pelvic plane (APP), but APP inclination relative to the coronal plane (pelvic tilt) varies substantially between individuals. In contrast, the change in pelvic tilt from supine to standing (dPT) is small for nearly all individuals. Therefore, in THR performed with the patient supine and the patient’s coronal plane parallel to the operating table, we propose that freehand placement of the acetabular component placement is reliable and reflects standing (functional) cup position. We examined this hypothesis in 56 hips in 56 patients (19 men) with a mean age of 61 years (29 to 80) using three-dimensional CT pelvic reconstructions and standing lateral pelvic radiographs. We found a low variability of acetabular component placement, with 46 implants (82%) placed within a combined range of 30° to 50° inclination and 5° to 25° anteversion. Changing from the supine to the standing position (analysed in 47 patients) was associated with an anteversion change < 10° in 45 patients (96%). dPT was < 10° in 41 patients (87%). In conclusion, supine THR appears to provide reliable freehand acetabular component placement. In most patients a small reclination of the pelvis going from supine to standing causes a small increase in anteversion of the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1326–31.
Three-dimensional assessment of the dimensions of the osteoarthritic glenoid
Authors: Walch G. , Mesiha M. , Boileau P. , Edwards T. B. , Lévigne C. , Moineau G. , Young A. 
Published: September 2013

Osteoarthritis results in changes in the dimensions of the glenoid. This study aimed to assess the size and radius of curvature of arthritic glenoids. A total of 145 CT scans were analysed, performed as part of routine pre-operative assessment before total shoulder replacement in 91 women and 54 men. Only patients with primary osteoarthritis and a concentric glenoid were included in the study. The CT scans underwent three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and were analysed using dedicated computer software. The measurements consisted of maximum superoinferior height, anteroposterior width and a best-fit sphere radius of curvature of the glenoid.The mean height was 40.2 mm (sd 4.9), the mean width was 29 mm (sd 4.3) and the mean radius of curvature was 35.4 mm (sd 7.8). The measurements were statistically different in men and women and had a Gaussian distribution with marked variation. All measurements were greater than the known values in normal subjects.With current shoulder replacement systems using a unique backside radius of curvature for the glenoid component, there is a risk of undertaking excessive reaming to adapt the bone to the component resulting in sacrifice of subchondral bone or under-reaming and instability of the component due to a ’rocking horse‘ phenomenon.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1377–82.