bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction time and replenishment time of SP and CGRP after incision in rat skin
Authors: Hochman Bernardo , Isoldi Felipe , Gonçalves de Freitas José , Lapin Guilherme , Quieregatto Paulo , Da Silva Erica , Chadi Gerson , Ferreira Lydia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background. The skin neurogenic inflammation is mainly related to Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP). There is no data on their availability in the dynamics of skin nerve endings, concerning their release and replenishment after a nociceptive stimulus, so this was investigated. Materials and methods. 25 rats were randomly distributed in 5 groups. The animals of the control group (CG) determined the baseline levels of neuropeptides in the skin. The groups S0 and S30 did not receive any cutaneous stimulus at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. In the group S1, an “incision stimulus” was made at 30 minutes. In the group S31, a nociceptive stimulus was performed by subdermal scratching at 30 minutes and, at 60 minutes, the “incision stimulus” was carried out in the same location (“nociceptive hyperstimulation”). The skin samples of the other animals were harvested from the back 1 minute after their death. SP, pro-CGRP and CGRP were quantified by Western Blotting. Results. The “incision stimulus” released SP, S1 compared to S0 (p <0.05) detected in the first minute, and the replenishment time was more than 30 minutes. Also, it cleaved pro-CGRP, S1 compared to S31 (p <0.05) in the first minute, and its replenishment time less than 30 minutes. Release of CGRP was not detected. Conclusion. The incision released SP already detected in the first minute; its replenishment time is more than 30 minutes. The incision decreased pro-CGRP, also detected in the first minute; and its replenishment time is less than 30 minutes.
Biological activity of microalgae can be enhanced by manipulating the cultivation temperature and irradiance
Authors: Gacheva Gergana , Gigova Liliana 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The escalating levels of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria and the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in use forced the efforts of scientists to search for natural antimicrobial and anticancer substances with novel structures and unique mechanism of action. Focusing on bioproducts, recent trends in drug research have shown that microalgae (including the cyanobacteria) are promising organisms to furnish novel and safer biologically active compounds. Many microalgal metabolites have been found to possess potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities, as well as antioxidant, enzyme inhibiting and immunostimulating properties. In this paper, the studies on the biological activity of microalgae associated with potential medical and pharmaceutical applications are briefly presented. Attention is focused on the impact of cultivation temperature, irradiance and growth stage on the biomass accumulation, activity and pathways of cell metabolism and the possibilities of using these variable factors to increase the diversity and quantity of biologically active substances synthesized by microalgae.
Production of hairy root cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Vojin Tadić , Snežana Milošević , Aleksandar Cingel , Marija Petrić , Milana Trifunović , Dragana Antonić , Jovan Tadić , Angelina Subotić 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Hairy root cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were obtained by inoculation of cotyledonary leaves of in vitro lettuce seedlings (cvs. Nansen and Ljubljanska ledenka) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS. Approximately in 96.7% cvs. Nansen and in 91.2% Ljubljanska ledenka inoculated explants produced hairy root when they were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) half-strength medium without plant growth regulators. A total of 54% of all hairy root cultures expressed GUS activity. Every hairy root represented an independent transformation event. Line Ljubljanska ledenka 18 showed the highest biomass (5.5 times the biomass of control root). A PCR analysis of the genomic DNA confirmed the presence of marker and target genes in 15 hairy roots examined.
Hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon therapy: an alarming situation
Authors: Kanwal Sobia , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus is presently a major public health problem across the globe. The main objective in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Interferon-α (IFN-α) and pegylated interferon (PegIFN) in combination with Ribavirin (RBV) are the choice of treatment nowadays against chronic hepatitis C. There are several mechanisms evolved by the hepatitis C virus that facilitate the persistence of virus and further lead the patient’s status as non responder. Various factors involved in patient’s lack ofresponse to the therapy include: (1) viral factors, (2) host factors, (3) molecular mechanisms related to the lack of response and (4) social factors. Herein we have made an attempt to summarize all the related predictors of drug resistance in one article so that the future polices can be planned to overcome this obstacle and potential therapies can be designed by considering these factors.
Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) genotypes to PEG-mediated water stress
Authors: Vassilevska-Ivanova Roumiana , Shtereva Lydia , Kraptchev Boris , Karceva Tanya 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Drought tolerance of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes, cultivated cultivar 1114 and interspecific line H. annuus × H. mollis, was studied under laboratory conditions using PEG-6000. Four levels of osmotic stress (−0.4, −0.6, −0.8 and −1.0 MPa) were created and performances were monitored against a control. Physiological and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdechyde (MDA), proline content, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were compared between seedlings of both genotypes. The results indicated that both genotypes have similar responses at four osmotic potentials for all traits studied. All seedling growth parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing osmotic stress. MDA, proline, and H2O2 were found to be increased at different osmotic gradients in comparison to control. Cultivar 1114 was less affected than the interspecific line under these stress conditions. The data observed in the experiments revealed that perennial wild H. mollis can hardly be considered to be an excellent candidate of drought tolerance genes.
Tsumoite (BiTe) and associated Ni-PGE mineralization from Gondpipri mafic-ultramafic complex, Bastar Craton, Central India: mineralogy and genetic significance
Authors: Dora M. , Singh H. , Kundu A. , Shareef M. , Randive K. , Joshi S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper reports the occurrence of Tsumoite (a bismuth telluride) in the Heti Cu-Ni-PGM prospect, Gondpipri mafic-ultramafic complex, Central India. The Gondpipri complex consists of several tectonically dismembered gabbronorite-gabbro-anorthositic gabbro — olivine gabbro -websterite disposed in ∼10 km long tonalite-trondhjemitegranodiorite (TTG) and charnockite-enderbite suite of rocks. The mineralization occurs in the sulphide zone hosted by gabbro variants. The host rocks have been deformed and metamorphosed to granulite grade and subjected to various degrees of hydrothermal alteration. The mineralization comprises chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, cubanite, millerite, and pyrite. In addition to these, occur (1) tsumoite (2) PGM in the form of moncheite, merenskyite, Pd-mellonite, and Pt-Pd-Te-Bi-Fe-S alloy.
The present study indicates that the mineralization occurs in two stages related to: (i) magmatic and (ii) hydrothermal remobilization and transport of Cu-rich sulphides, tsumoite and PGM, and their re-deposition in hydrosilicate alteration zones. It is possible that the mineralization at Heti formed at different stages of bismuth activity under variable fS2, T, and fTe2 conditions due to change in total concentration of Te and S and /or cooling. Since the role of S is limited, Te and cooling are important factor influencing mineralogy and composition of tsumoite and associated mineralization. Mineralization occurs in two different modes of occurrences. The early mineralisation occur as blebs, specks and dissemination of sulphides, viz. pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and minor pyrite ± PGM, whereas later mineralisation occur as stringers, minor veins of sulphides viz. pyrite, millerite, cubanite, sijenite, tsumoite and ± PGM.
Mineral assemblages and textural relationships at Heti has indicated precipitation of tsumoite and associated PGM along fractures and secondary silicates, which confirms their hydrothermal origin.
Occurrence of phlogopite in the Finero Mafic layered complex
Authors: Giovanardi Tommaso , Mazzucchelli Maurizio , Zanetti Alberto , Langone Antonio , Tiepolo Massimo , Cipriani Anna 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Phlogopite-bearing lithologies are the main constituent of the Phlogopite-Peridotite unit of the Finero sequence and the result of pervasive migration of metasomatizing melts/fluids. Conversely, the presence of phlogopite within the associated Finero Mafic Complex, a mafic-ultramafic pluton intruded into the metamorphic basement of the Adria plate, is mentioned in literature as rare. Recent detailed fieldwork has evidenced the presence of two distinct phlogopite-rich ultramafic lithologies within the Amphibole-Peridotite unit of the Finero Mafic Complex, where phlogopite is always associated with amphibole. Field and petrographic features of these occurrences, as well as major- and trace-element mineral chemistry, are here presented to i) place constraints on the nature of the parent melt from which they have been generated and ii) to address their relationship with the other lithologies of the Finero Complex. We find that these rocks were formed by late melt migrations along shear zones under high-T conditions. The geochemical affinity of these lithologies is different to the tholeiitic-transitional affinity reported in literature for the Finero Mafic Complex. The enrichment in LREE, Th, U and Sr of the associated amphibole possibly suggests that these phlogopite-bearing lithologies are genetically related to the metasomatic events that have affected the Finero mantle massif.
X-ray crystallography and mineral chemistry of bastnaesite from Kanigiri granite, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Nagendra Babu G. , Viswanathan R. , Sai Baba M. , Rai A. , Parihar P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The authors report the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and geochemical studies on bastnaesites (lanthanum cerium fluoro-carbonate) hosted in alkali Kanigiri Granite of the Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The XRD pattern of the investigated bastnaesite displays sharply-defined reflections. The observed d-spacings of the bastnaesite are in very close agreement with those published for bastnaesite standard in International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) Card No. 11–340. The calculated unit cell parameters (a
o; c
o) and unit cell volume (V) of the studied bastnaesite (a
o 7.1301–7.1413 Å, c
o 9.7643–9.7902Å and V 429.8940–432.3875 Å3) are almost equal to values published for bastnaesite standard (c
o 7.1290 Å, c
o 9.7744 Å and V 430.19 Å3) in the relevant data card.
Geochemical data of bastnaesite reveals high content of Ce (mean 27.22%) followed by La (mean 16.82%), Nd (mean 6.12%) and Pr (mean 1.91%). Compared to light REE (LREE) content (mean 437165 ppm), heavy REE (HREE) content (mean 5867 ppm) is drastically low, with unusually high LREE/HREE ratio (mean 80). The chondrite-normalised plot also exhibits drastic enrichment of LREE relative to HREE with pronounced negative Euanomaly (mean Eu/Eu* = 0.15). High (LREE)N / (HREE)N, (La/Lu)N, (La/Yb)N and (Ce/Yb)N ratios reveal higher fractionation of LREE relative to HREE. The rare earth element (REE) contents of the studied bastnaesite are very close to REE contents of bastnaesite hosted in alkali syenite from Madagascar. The presence of bastnaesite in Kanigiri Granite and soils derived from it enhances the scope of further exploration for bastnaesite in several bodies of alkaline rocks and alkali granitoids present along the eastern margins of the Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh.
REE mineralization in the carbonatites of the sung valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Sadiq Mohd. , Ranjith A. , Umrao Ravi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Early Cretaceous Sung Valley Ultramafic-Alkaline-Carbonatite (SUAC) complex intruded the Proterozoic Shillong Group of rocks and located in the East Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts of Meghalaya. The SUAC complex is a bowl-shaped depression covering an area of about 26 km2 and is comprised serpentinised peridotite forming the core of the complex with pyroxenite rim. Alkaline rocks are dominantly ijolite and nepheline syenite, occur as ring-shaped bodies as well as dykes. Carbonatites are, the youngest intrusive phase in the complex, where they form oval-shaped bodies, small dykes and veins. During the course of large scale mapping in parts of the Sung Valley complex, eleven carbonatite bodies were delineated. These isolated carbonatite bodies have a general NW-SE and E-W trend and vary from 20–125 m long and 10–40 m wide. Calcite carbonatite is the dominant variety and comprises minor dolomite and apatite and accessory olivine, magnetite, pyrochlore and phlogopite. The REE-bearing minerals identified in the Sung Valley carbonatites are bastnäsite-(Ce), ancylite-(Ce), belovite-(Ce), britholite-(Ce) and pyrochlore that are associated with calcite and apatite. The presence of REE carbonates and phosphates associated with REE-Nb bearing pyrochlore enhances the economic potential of the Sung Valley carbonatites. Trace-element geochemistry also reveals an enrichment of LREEs in the carbonatites and average ΣREE value of 0.102% in 26 bed rock samples. Channel samples shows average ΣREE values of 0.103 wt%. Moreover, few samples from carbonatite bodies has indicated relatively higher values for Sn, Hf, Ta and U. Since the present study focuses surface evaluation of REE, therefore, detailed subsurface exploration will be of immense help to determine the REE and other associated mineralization of the Sung Valley carbonatite prospect.
Fluid-rock interaction in the Kangankunde Carbonatite Complex, Malawi: SEM based evidence for late stage pervasive hydrothermal mineralisation
Authors: Duraiswami Raymond , Shaikh Tahira 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Kangankunde Carbonatite Complex from the Cretaceous Chilwa Alkaline Province in southern Malawi contains ankeritic and siderite carbonatite that are affected by late stage remobilisation by a carbothermal or hydrothermal fluid. The coarse pegmatitic siderite carbonatite that hosts exotic minerals like monazite, synchysite, bastnasite, strontianite and apatite in vugs and cavities constitutes some of the richest rare earth deposits in the world. Besides these minerals, our studies reveal the presence of collinsite and aragonite from the siderite carbonatite. Fine drusy monazites are seen as overgrowths on thin veinlets of siderite within the rare earth mineralised zones. We present unambiguous SEM-based surface textural evidence such as presence of dissolution-corrosion features like etching along cleavage, solution channels, solution pits, sinstered scaly surface, etc. along with rare earth mineralisation that suggests the exotic minerals in the siderite carbonatite did not crystallise from carbonate magma and are a result of sub-solidus processes involving carbonatite-derived fluids. We believe that the monazite-synchysitebastnasite-strontianite-collinsite assemblages were formed by juvenile post magmatic hydrothermal alteration of pre-existing carbonatite by a complex CO2-rich and alkali chloride-carbonate-bearing fluid at ∼250 to 400°C in an open system. This late ‘magmatic’ to ‘hydrothermal’ activity was responsible for considerable changes in rock texture and mineralogy leading to mobility of rare earth elements during fluid-rock interaction. These aspects need to be properly understood and addressed before using trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry in interpreting carbonatite genesis.
The volcanic-subvolcanic rocks of the fernando de noronha archipelago, southern atlantic ocean: Mineral chemistry
Authors: Lopes Rosana , Ulbrich Mabel , Ulbrich Horstpeter 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Fernando de Noronha archipelago presents an older Remédios Formation with subvolcanic intrusions, belonging to two different alkaline series, the sodic (undersaturated: basanites, tephrites, essexites, tephriphonolites, phonolites), and potassic ones (mildly undersaturated to silicic, with alkali basalts, basaltic trachyandesites, trachyandesites, trachytes), and lamprophyres. The upper Quixaba Formation presents nephelinite flows and basanites. A third minor unit, São José, is constituted by basanites carrying mantle xenoliths. Magnesian olivines occur in the Remédios basanites and alkali basalts, and in nephelinites. Melilites are present as groundmass grains in melilite melanephelinites (MEM). Clinopyroxenes (cpx) are mostly salites to titaniferous salites (Remédios sodic series), grading into aegirines in the differentiated aphyric phonolites. Cpx in the lamprophyres show disequilibrium textures. In the Quixaba flows, cpx are salites, enriched in Mg (especially in MEM). Amphiboles, remarkably, are common in tephriphonolites and phonolites and in basaltic trachyandesites, sometimes with disequilibrum zoning textures, and a conspicuous phase in lamprophyres. Dark micas are present as groundmass plates in MEM, OLM and PYM (olivine and pyroxene melanephelinites), with compositional variety (enriched in Ti, Ba, Sr) depending on the composition of the parent rock; BaO can be as high as 16–19%. Feldspars crystallize as calcic plagioclases, sanidines and anorthoclases, depending on the rock types, as phenocrysts and in groundmass, both in Quixaba and Remédios rocks; they are absent in nephelinites. Nephelines are found in Remédios sodic series types and Quixaba rocks. Haüyne and noseane are rarely observed in Remédios rocks.
Petrology of potassic alkaline ultramafic and carbonatitic rocks from Planalto da Serra (Mato Grosso State), Brazil
Authors: Comin-Chiaramonti Piero , Gomes Celso , Min Angelo , Ruberti Excelso , Girardi Vicente , Slejko Francesca , Neder Renato , Pinho Francisco 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Planalto da Serra igneous rocks form plugs, necks and dykes of carbonate-rich ultramafic lamprophyres (aillikites and glimmerites with kamafugitic affinity) and carbonatites (alvikites and beforsites). Phlogopite and/or tetraphlogopite, diopside and melanitic garnet are restricted to aillikitic rock-types, whereas pyroclore occurs only in carbonatites. Aillikites and carbonatites are altered to hydrotermalites, having chlorite and serpentine as dominant minerals. Planalto da Serra igneous rock association has kamafugitic affinity (i.e. effusive, ultrapotassic. High LREE/HREE fractionation, incompatible elements data and Sr-Nd isotopes, suggest that the K-ultramafic alkaline and carbonatite rocks originated from a variably metasomatized mantle source enriched in radiogenic Sr. Crustal contamination is negligible or absent. Age values of 600 Ma rule out the geochronological relationship between the investigated intrusions and the Mesozoic alkaline bodies from the Azimuth 125° lineament. The TDM model ages allow to conclude that Planalto da Serra magma is derived from the partial melting of a mantle source metasomatised by K-rich carbonatated melt during the Early to Late Neoproterozoic. On the basis of alkaline magmatism repetitions at 600 Ma and 90–80 Ma we question the subsistence of a stationary mantle plume for so long time.
Capacitive behavior of highly-oxidized graphite
Authors: Ciszewski Mateusz , Mianowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Capacitive behavior of a highly-oxidized graphite is presented in this paper. The graphite oxide was synthesized using an oxidizing mixture of potassium chlorate and concentrated fuming nitric acid. As-oxidized graphite was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed with respect to the oxygen content and the species of oxygen-containing groups. Electrochemical measurements were performed in a two-electrode symmetric cell using KOH electrolyte.
It was shown that prolonged oxidation causes an increase in the oxygen content while the interlayer distance remains constant. Specific capacitance increased with oxygen content in the electrode as a result of pseudo-capacitive effects, from 0.47 to 0.54 F/g for a scan rate of 20 mV/s and 0.67 to 1.15 F/g for a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Better cyclability was observed for the electrode with a higher oxygen amount.
Investigation on compressive behavior of Cu-35Ni-15Al alloy at high temperatures
Authors: Li Cong , Chen Jian , Li Wei , Hu Yongle , Ren Yanjie , Qiu Wei , He Jianjun , Chen Jianlin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Microstructures and mechanical properties of Cu-35Ni-15Al alloy in cast and porous states were studied by scanning electron microscopy and compression tests. The influence of porosity, deformation temperature and loading rate on mechanical properties of the two kinds of alloys was investigated. The results show that the as cast alloy and porous alloys have almost the same phase constitution: Cu rich phase, Ni rich phase and K intermetallics. The yield strength of porous alloys increases continuously with decreasing porosity, the relationship between porosity and yield stress follows Gibson-Ashby equation. With decreasing deformation temperature, the yield strength of as cast alloy and porous alloy increase. With the increase of loading rate, the yield strength of these alloys shows an increasing trend. After compression, the microstructure of as cast alloy is more uniform, and porous alloys are more prone to have localized deformations.
Specific heat jump of two-band superconductor KFe2As2 using Ginzburg-Landau theory
Authors: Askerzade I. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this study specific heat jump using two-gap Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory has been calculated. In contrast to the previous approaches, we have taken into account intergradient order parameters interaction in the GL free energy functional. The thermodynamic magnetic field revealed nonlinear temperature dependence due to interband interaction between order parameters and their gradients. The calculations showed that the specific heat jump in two-order parameter superconductors was smaller than that of single-order parameter superconductors. It has been shown that such a model is in good agreement with experimental data for KFe2As2 superconductors.