bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary outcome study on assertive community treatment in Japan
Authors: Nishio Masaaki , Ito Junichiro , Oshima Iwao , Suzuki Yuriko , Horiuchi Kentaro , Sono Tamaki , Fukaya Hiroi , Hisanaga Fumie , Tsukada Kazumi 
Published: May 2013

Aims:  The beneficial effects of assertive community treatment (ACT), which has been widely acclaimed as being successful in several foreign countries, must also be objectively evaluated with respect to the transition from inpatient to community‐based mental health treatment in Japan. This was the first study that examined effects of the ACT program in Japan using pre/post design data of the pilot trial of the ACT program in Japan project.Methods:  The study included 41 subjects hospitalized at Kohnodai Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry between May 2003 and April 2004 for severe mental illness and who met inclusion criteria for entry regarding age, diagnosis, residence, utilization of mental health services, social adjustment, and ability to function in daily activities. All subjects provided informed consent for study participation and were followed for 1 year after hospital discharge.Results:  Comparison of the number of days and frequency of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization and frequency of emergency psychiatric visits between the 1‐year period before hospitalization and 1‐year period after hospital discharge showed a significant decrease in number of days and frequency of hospitalization. Comparison at 1 year after discharge with baseline showed no change in satisfaction with overall quality of life or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, but the Global Assessment of Functioning score significantly increased, and the antipsychotic dose (chlorpromazine equivalent) significantly decreased.Conclusion:  Despite some limitations in methodology and conclusions, this study suggests that ACT enables persons with severe mental illness to live for longer periods in the community, without worsening of symptoms, decreased social function, or deterioration in quality of life.
Cellular Immunity During Pregnancy. I. Proliferative and Cytotoxic Reactivity of Paraaortic Lymph Nodes*
Authors: GOTTESMAN SUSAN R. S. , STUTMAN OSIAS 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The possibility of changes in immune reactivity during pregnancy was studied by measuring cellular immunity in vitro of the paraaortic (PA) lymph nodes, which drain the uterus in pregnant mice. The proliferation of PA lymph node cells from primiparous pregnant C57B1/ 6J mice, in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) against alloantigens, was lower in magnitude, but had the same kinetics, as the response of virgins. This was observed in syngeneic and allogeneic (to DBA/2J) pregnancies, and using the paternal as well as third party allogeneic stimulators. The response was depressed by day 8 of gestation and returned to normal two days after delivery. The decrease was not due to an active suppressor mechanism, as assayed by mixing experiments. Irradiation (1500R) of the lymphocytes from pregnant mice, prior to mixing with cells from virgins, did not reveal the presence of a radioresistant suppressor cell.In contrast to the MLC results, no differences were found between lymphocytes from pregnant and virgin mice in their ability to develop MLC‐generated cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) against alloantigens, as measured in a chromium release assay. The PA lymph node cells from pregnant animals bearing allogeneic fetuses also did not show evidence of in vivo sensitization to the paternal alloantigens. Therefore, the local nodes draining the uterus from primiparous pregnant animals bearing syngeneic or allogeneic fetuses show a nonspecific decrease of MLC proliferation while retaining the capacity to generate normal CML activity.
Immunology of Spontaneous Abortion and Hydatidiform Mole*
Authors: TAKEUCHI SHOSHICHI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Our study of the sequence of morphological events leading to the formation of hydatidiform mole (HM) led us to this study. Our object in this paper is to present evidence supporting our 1971 hypothesis with results obtained by various immunological methods in our laboratory, and to propose the importance of an immunoregulatory mechanism by blocking antibody (BA).Our hypothesis is that the conceptus, after the early demise of the embryo, may be dropped out in most cases as spontaneous abortion (SpA), and the trophoblast in the remaining cases continues to grow, developing into HM by an “immune selection” mechanism.Our conclusion is that the trophoblast will be damaged by immune cytotoxic mechanism through a decrease of BA in SpA, and continue to grow in HM through continuous production of BA after the demise of the embryo.
Cellular Immunity During Pregnancy. II. Response to T and B Cell Mitogens*
Authors: GOTTESMAN SUSAN R. S. , STUTMAN OSIAS 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Immune reactivity of primiparous pregnant C57B1/6J mice was investigated using in vitro assays of mitogen reactivity. The response to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A of cells from the paraaortic (PA) lymph nodes, which drain the uterus, was decreased in pregnant animals. Reactivity to lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, was normal. The decreased PHA response was seen with PA cells from mice bearing syngeneic or allogeneic (to DBA/2J) fetuses. It was not due to a change in sensitivity to PHA dose or to active suppression (as demonstrated by mixing experiments).Phytohemagglutinin reactivity of cells from inguinal nodes of pregnant mice showed a more variable depression of response in comparison to that seen with cells from the draining PA nodes. The response of axillary and brachial node cells was similar to virgin values.This study demonstrates that pregnant mice (syngeneic or allogeneic) show only a decrease in T proliferative capacity localized to the area of the uterus Statistical analysis revealed no differences in the average number of PA lymphocytes or fetuses per mouse between mice bearing syngeneic or allogeneic fetuses. This parallels the similarities found between syngeneic and allogeneic matings in in vitro functional assays.
Genetic Regulation of Antibody Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells: Linkage to H‐2 Complex
Authors: ŘÍHOVÁ B. , ŘÍHA I. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The analysis of anti‐sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody production in the congenic resistant (CR) mouse strains A/J and A.BY, B10 and B10.A showed that the level of IgG antibodies after immunization with SRBC is controlled by a gene(s) localized in the H‐2 complex. The use of the h2, h4, and i5 H‐2 recombinant haplotypes allowed us to map this gene into a region proximally defined by subregion I‐J and distally by region H‐2G. The IgG antibody level is simultaneously under the influence of non‐H‐2 genes, of which those of the A/J strain origin determine the high IgG level and those of the B10 strain origin determine the low IgG level.Weights of spleens of the A/J and B10 mice before and after primary and secondary immunization with SRBC were compared. Before immunization, spleens of the A/J mice were approximately 10% lighter than those of the B10 mice (0.08 g vs 0.09 g). After the first immunization the spleen weights equalized (θ = 0.12 g). Four days after the second immunization the weight of the spleens of A/J mice increased by 312% (relative to the nonimmune state) while that of the B10 mice increased by only 74%. These findings indicate that the cell antigen‐specific proliferation in spleens of A/J mice was considerably higher than that in spleens of B10 mice.
Weight and Lymphocyte Content of the Female Rat's Thymus Following First Mating*
Authors: SHAYA ELIAS ISAAC , McLEAN JOHN MICHAEL , GIBBS ALAN CHRISTOPHER 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Eleven groups, each of ten Sprague‐Dawley female rats, were sacrificed at 12 to 13 weeks of age; one group of virgins, the others at two‐day intervals during the first ten days after either inbred or outbred mating. Observations were made on thymus weight, total white cell count, and thymic white cell density.Compared with the virgin group no significant differences were observed in the thymic weight at any stage after either inbred or outbred mating. In contrast the total white cell counts were significantly greater than the virgin count on the second postcoital day after both inbred and outbred mating.These increased total counts were maintained until the end of the observation period and were associated with significant increases in the thymic white cell densities. These observations suggest that mating and implantation initiate and sustain a mechanism of lymphocyte accumulation in the rat thymus.
Antibodies to Ovarian Antigens in Different Diseases of the Ovary
Authors: SONTAG WANDA ZBROJA , SIKORSKI RADZISLAW , KAPEC EWA 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Using the test of antiglobulin serum consumption against the human ovarian antigen, investigations were conducted on the presence of antiovarian antibodies in the blood serum of 432 women with different diseases of the ovary and 50 healthy women as control group. Autoantibodies were found in 12 of 172 patients with inflammatory lesions of the ovary (7.0%), in 18 of 118 patients with ovarian failure (15.3%), and in 21 of 65 patients with malignancies of the ovary (32.3%).No autoantibodies were detected in any of the healthy women from the control group, in any of the 10 patients with tuberculosis of the adnexa, or in any of the 67 women operated upon for benign neoplasms of the ovary.The authors formulate the supposition that there may be a correlation between the occurrence of autoantibodies, lesions of the ovarian tissue, and the malignancy of the neoplastic process.
Fertility Inhibition Using Low‐Dose Immunization With Porcine Zonae Pellucidae
Authors: DIETL J. , FREYE J. , METTLER L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The antigenic potency of porcine zona pellucida has been studied in the rabbit using low‐dose immunization (50, 100, 200, and 400 zonae per injection), and the subsequent level of anti‐zona antibodies was determined. The antibody titers as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IF) and the zona precipitation reaction (PR) were 1:640 and 1:80, respectively, after immunization with 100 zonae. There was no difference in antibody titers between the immunization of 400 suspended zonae and 400 heat‐treated zonae. Injection of homogenized porcine ovary also resulted in titers of 1:640 and 1:80 (IF and PR, respectively). Immunization, however, with only 50 isolated zonae did not produce a measurable antibody titer. Immunization with 1200 intact or heat‐treated zonae resulted in transient infertility.The present study demonstrated that the limiting quantity of zonae required for detectable antibody production was between 1.65 μg and 3.30 μg zona protein as monitored by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. To induce an antifertility effect, at least 40 μg of zona material was necessary.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Lectin Receptors in the Normal Human Spermatozoa*
Authors: DE CEREZO JOSEFINA M. SCACCIATI , BUENO MARÍA P. , SKOWRONKI BÁRBARA , CEREZO ALBERTO S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: A semiquantitative immunohistochemical technique for the detection of N‐acetyl α‐D‐neuraminic acid, N‐acetyl β‐D‐glucosamine and its β‐(1 ŕ 4)‐linked internal chains, α‐D‐glucopyranosyl and α‐D‐mannopyranosyl and its α‐(1 ŕ 2)‐linked internal chains and sterically related, nonreducing, end‐chain residues of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins or glycolipids on the surface of membranes was developed using Con A and wheat germ lectins.When this method was applied to the localization of carbohydrate receptors on the membrane of the normal human spermatozoa, it was found that the Con A and wheat germ lectin receptors were mainly located in the equatorial and post nuclear cap with few receptors located in the acrosome and neck. None of them were found in the intermediate segment plus tail.Con A receptors were α‐D‐mannopyranosyl end‐chain residues and wheat germ lectin receptors were N‐acetyl β‐D‐glucosamine (1 ŕ 4)‐linked internal chains. These groups occur together in the oligomannosidic type of N‐glycosidic‐linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and so the use of both lectins on desialycated membranes or on those which contain nonclustered N‐acetyl neuraminic acid residues may be of help to localize this type of glycoprotein oligosaccharide chains.Con A receptors were not removed after proteases digestion, suggesting the possibility that they are part of intrinsic spermatozoal antigens.
Sequential Studies of Circulating Immune Complexes in Gynecological Malignancies*
Authors: POULTON TERENCE A. , CROWTHER MARY E. , NINEHAM LYNN J. , MOONEY NUALA A. , HAY FRANK C. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Immune complexes have been assayed sequentially in seventeen patients with gynecological malignancies, using a polyethylene glycol precipitation assay and a Clq solid phase assay. The PEG assay demonstrated a good correlation between PEG assay levels and the course of disease in nine out of eleven patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma and all four patients with endometrial carcinoma. Three of the patients with ovarian cancer were not treated with aggressive surgery and exhibited equivocal signs of progressive disease during subsequent follow‐up. There was no clear relationship between immune complex levels and the clinical condition in two of these patients.The ClqSP assay result did not correlate with disease progression and, in several instances, progressive disease was associated with a fall in ClqSP values.In a further series, twelve out of twenty patients with ovarian cancer who were initially in remission from disease but subsequently relapsed demonstrated elevated levels of PEG immune complexes between one and three months before clinical detection of recurrence whereas patients who stayed in remission maintained normal levels of PEG immune complexes. These data suggest that the PEG assay may be of clinical value in the monitoring of ovarian cancer patients with minimal residual disease following surgery.
Individual Specificity of Blocking Antibodies in Molar and Normal Term Placenta‐Bound IgG
Authors: HANAOKA JIN‐ICHl , TAKEUCHI SHOSHICHI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: In view of the protective and enhancing effect of blocking antibodies (BA) on the survival of trophoblastic cells, the presence or absence of individually specific BA against paternal HLA antigens in trophoblast‐bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) of molar as well as normal term placentas were investigated using a mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) blocking assay and complement‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity test.It was found in this study that IgG could be eluted from molar trophoblasts. Further, it was strongly suggested that each molar and normal placental eluate‐IgG had individual, specific cytotoxic and blocking effects against paternal lymphocytes and on MLR between spouses, respectively.In conclusion, in molar as well as in normal term placenta‐bound IgG, BA that are heterogeneous and partly contain IgG specific to the paternal HLA antigens, including HLA‐D/DR antigens, are likely to exist. BA may also have a protective and enhancing effect on the survival of trophoblastic cells by binding with these cells.
Demonstration That Milk Cells Invade the Suckling Neonatal Mouse*
Authors: WEILER IVAN JEANNE , HICKLER WOLFGANG , SPRENGER RENATE 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Mouse milk cells were stained with rhodamine or fluorescein isothiocyanate and fed to young suckling mice. By visual examination of serial sections and by flow cytofluorometry, we were able to demonstrate directly the presence of these cells in peripheral tissues.It was estimated that at least 0.1% of the fed cells might infiltrate the young mouse, which is initially immunologically defenseless. This is in accordance with evidence from many sources for activity of maternally‐derived lymphoid cells in young rodents.
Reproductive Immunology News*
Authors: Gleicher Norbert 
Published: May 2013

The NICHD once again has provided the AJRI with grant summaries of projects in reproductive immunology awarded grant funding for fiscal year 1983. In each issue of Volume 6, we will feature descriptions of some of those grants. The information given in each summary was provided in the grant applicaiton by the principal investigator.The Editorial Board of the AJRI would like to thank the NICHD for its cooperation in regard to this feature of the Reproductive Immunology News section of the Journal It is their hope that continuing to publish this information will continue to facilitate increased communication among investigators in the field of reproductive immunology.
Membrane Fluidity of Trophoblast Cells and Susceptibility to Natural Cytotoxicity
Authors: SZEKERES‐BARTHO JULIA , NÉMETH A. , VARGA P. , CSERNUS V. , KÖSZEGI T. , PAÁL M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: This study examines the relationship between membrane lipid microviscosity and susceptibility of villous trophoblast to lysis by natural cytotoxic cells.Trophoblast‐enriched cell suspensions prepared from term human placentae were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)—a modulator of membrane lipid microviscosity. CHS‐treated cells were more susceptible targets for natural lymphocyte cytotoxicity than were untreated controls. In binding experiments, increased binding of lymphocytes to CHS‐treated target cells was found. Preincubation with progesterone prevented membrane rigidification by CHS. Progesterone, Cortisol, and estriol restored the impaired resistance of CHS‐treated trophoblast cells to lysis.We determined microviscosity and progesterone concentration in villous surface membranes, prepared from placentae from idiopathic spontaneous abortions and normal first‐trimester pregnancies.An inverse relationship was found between progesterone content and microviscosity of the membranes. Microviscosity of the membranes from abortion placentae was significantly higher (P < .01) and progesterone concentration was significantly lower (P < .001) than those in the membranes of normal first trimester placentae.
Antigenicity of Basement Membrane Fractions Obtained From Rat Seminiferous Tubules
Authors: ARECES LILIANA B. , BONINO MIRTHA BISCOGLIO DE JIMENEZ , CASCONE OSVALDO , PUIG RAÚL , DENDUCHIS BERTA 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: A noncollagenous fraction of basement membrane (D‐STBM) obtained from rat testes was submitted to sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and eight well‐defined bands were detected. A cross‐reaction with an antiserum against laminin was revealed by immunoblotting in five bands, with molecular weights ranging from 54 to 64 kDa. No further resolution of these components could be obtained by size exclusion and ionic exchange chromatography.Fifty‐two percent of the rats immunized with DSTBM and adjuvants developed a mild multifocal damage of the testis. The lesions were characterized by foci of seminiferous tubules with different degrees of sloughing and/or atrophy of the germinal epithelium. Giant multinucleated cells were frequently seen, and mild interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates were also detected. By immunofluorescence, deposits of rat IgG with a faint discontinuous linear pattern were observed along the walls of the seminiferous tubules. Circulating antibodies to D‐STBM were detected by ELISA in 100% of the rats, whereas in a cross‐reaction with laminin antibodies were detected in only 63%. All rats studied revealed a positive delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response to D‐STBM.None of the control rats injected with saline and adjuvants presented circulating antibodies to D‐STBM or laminin or a positive DTH reaction to D‐STBM. Some control group rats (10%) revealed few isolated seminiferous tubules with some degree of sloughing of the germinal epithelium.
Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detecting Antisperm Antibodies in Mice With Testicular Autoimmunity
Authors: ITOH MASAHIRO , HIRAMINE CHIHARU , KOSETO MASAHIRO , HOJO KENJI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: We developed an ELISA for measuring antisperm antibodies in the mouse by using serum samples obtained from mice immunized with murine testicular antigens in complete Fre‐und's adjuvant (CFA) as well as from mice rendered vasectomized. Sperm antigens used were syngeneic epididymal spermatozoa and two types of soluble, murine testicular antigens prepared in our laboratory.This study deals with a) the sequential changes of antisperm antibody levels following immunization; b) determination of immunoglobulin classes of these antibodies; c) a correlation between the absorbance values and the endpoint titers of antisperm antibodies; and d) comparison of end‐point titers of antisperm antibodies detected by ELISA with those by immunoperoxidase staining method in immune and nonimmune sera. It is suggested that serum dilution as high as 1/800 or more is required for detecting antibody titers of immune sera, because nonimmune mouse sera reveal a definite, although low, level of absorbance value at a serum dilution of 1/400 or less.
Maternal‐Fetal Interactions on the Regulation of the Autoimmune Response
Authors: YRANZO‐VOLONTÉ NORA , RIERA CLELIA M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Adult female rats were immunized with 5 mg or 25 mg of modified rat male accessory glands (MRAG) incorporated to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) before, during, and after pregnancy. The mothers and litters were exchanged between the experimental and normal groups. The offspring were brought up to 20 days of age and immunized with 5 mg of MRAG‐CFA and 5 mg of human serum albumin (HSA)‐CFA. Anti‐MRAG antibodies were detected in the offspring brought up by the immunized mothers and the titers were similar to those of the foster mothers whereas in the offspring of the experimental group fostered by normal mothers antibodies to MRAG were not detected. The DTH performed in the offspring 13 days after the immunization was significantly diminished in male and female offspring from the 5 mg and 25 mg experimental group fostered by normal mothers (P<0.0005 for all groups). Similar results were found when the offspring from normal mothers were suckled by mothers immunized with MRAG‐CFA.To assess whether MRAG or HSA administered to female rats reached the offspring via the placenta or the milk, female rats were immunized with 3 mg of 125I‐MRAG‐CFA or with 3 mg of 125I‐HSA‐CFA. When radioactivity was measured in neonates (n=ll) that were suckled by the 125I‐MRAG‐CFA immunized mothers, the specific activity was 116 in stomach (0.4 μg of MRAG) and 940 in the total organs (3.8 μg of MRAG). In the litters that were killed before suckling (n= 18) had started, the radioactivity was not observed in stomach and was lower in the total organs. The radioactivity found in the offspring of 125I‐HSA‐CFA immunized mothers was similar for both the suckling and the non‐suckling pups. We can conclude that there is an immunoregulation of the immune response to self‐antigens through the placenta and the milk.