bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the influence of conventional and automated market makers on market quality in cryptoeconomic systems
Authors: Kirste Daniel , Poddey Alexander , Kannengießer Niclas , Sunyaev Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecentralized exchanges (DEXs) have become an alternative to centralized exchanges (CEXs) for trading assets in the form of tokens in cryptoeconomic system markets. The emergence of DEXs is strongly driven by their potential to tackle challenges for market quality originating from CEXs by design, such as opaque market-making strategies and centralization of power. However, it remains unclear to what extent DEXs can enhance market quality compared to CEXs. A core reason for this is the lack of an analysis concept for investigating influences of market makers, including automated market makers (AMMs) used in DEXs and conventional market makers used in CEXs, on market quality in cryptoeconomic systems. To better understand influences of market makers on market quality in cryptoeconomic systems, we developed an analysis concept based on our formal price model grounded in established concepts of market microstructure. We demonstrate the usefulness of the analysis concept by examining conventional market makers on CEXs (i.e., Binance and Coinbase) and automated market makers (AMMs) on DEXs (i.e., Uniswap v2 and Uniswap v3). The main purpose of this work is to support the analysis of influences of different market makers on market quality in cryptoeconomic systems. This is useful to better understand how cryptoeconomic systems can ensure high market quality and safeguard market participants, when issuing tokens.
A two-step procedure for damage detection in beam structures with incomplete mode shapes
Authors: Modesti Martina , Gentilini Cristina , Palermo Antonio , Reynders Edwin , Lombaert Geert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we present a two-step procedure for damage identification in beam structures exploiting modal curvature changes. The reconstruction of modal curvatures requires the knowledge of several mode shape components along the analyzed beam. This requirement is practically unachievable when mode shapes are identified via vibration-based monitoring using a limited number of accelerometers. To overcome this limitation, in the first step of the proposed procedure, we perform a mode shape expansion employing a reduced subset of measured modal components. The remaining measured components are used as control parameters to formulate a first hypothesis on damage location and extent. For this purpose, the expansion procedure is performed considering a number of possible damage scenarios, consisting of a location and a severity (loss of stiffness) of the damage. Using the Total modal assurance criterion (TMAC), we select the expanded modes with the highest degree of correspondence with the measured control components. These expanded modes are thus associated with a first guess of the damage location and severity. In the next step, this initial damage identification is verified through the computation of a modal curvature-based damage index. If the curvature-based damage identification confirms the previous identification, the damage location and extent are determined. The procedure can be easily extended to identify multiple simultaneously damaged elements. The approach is numerically validated using a benchmark beam modeled via finite elements, investigating the influence of different parameters such as noise, position of the control components and beam discretization on the identification success rate. Finally, the procedure is tested on two experimental specimens: a steel beam, with three different damage configurations and a concrete beam progressively damaged with multiple damage locations.
An inertial extragradient method for solving strongly pseudomonotone equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Le Thi Thanh Hai , Duong Viet Thong , Phan Tu Vuong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we propose an inertial extragradient method for solving strongly pseudomonotone equilibrium problems utilizing a novel self-adaptive stepsize approach. We establish the R-linear convergence rate of the proposed method without prior knowledge of the Lipschitz-type constants associated with the bifunction. We also discuss the application of the obtained results to variational inequality problems involving strongly pseudomonotone and Lipschitz continuous mapping. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Compensation mechanics application of NPR anchor cable to large deformation tunnel in soft rock
Authors: Li Yong , Huo Shusen , He Manchao , Tao Zhigang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNPR anchor cable is a new type of support material with negative Poisson's ratio effect, which is widely used in mine support because of its superb compensating mechanical effect. In order to study more deeply the support effect of NPR anchor cable in soft rock large deformation tunnel, indoor test, numerical simulation and field monitoring were used to study the strong weathering carbonaceous slate tunnel in Min County. The study shows that NPR anchor cable has extraordinary compensating mechanical behavior for soft rock large deformation tunnel, which can control the deformation of tunnel surrounding rock below 300 mm and keep the constant resistance value around 350 kN, which has obvious effect on the control of broken rock. To provide a basis for other research on support for large deformation tunnels in soft rock.
On the robustness of social norm elicitation
Authors: König-Kersting Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the robustness of Krupka and Weber's method (2013) for eliciting social norms. In two online experiments with more than 1200 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find that participants’ response patterns are invariant to differences in the salience of the monetarily incentivized coordination aspect. We further demonstrate that asking participants for their personal first- and second-order beliefs without monetary incentives results in qualitatively identical responses in the case that beliefs and social norms are well aligned. Overall, Krupka and Weber's method produces remarkably robust response patterns.
The relationship between childhood education and adult learner characteristics
Authors: Dunagin Miller Christine , Greenberg Daphne , Hendrick Robert , Tighe Elizabeth L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildhood education affects how individuals adapt to the challenges of adulthood. Although various generalizations are made relating childhood educational experiences to characteristics of adults, there is scant evidence to support those assertions for adult literacy learners in the United States. This study investigates the relationship of childhood educational attainment to other characteristics of adult learners. In this study, 201 native English-speaking adult learners in the United States who read at the 3.0–7.9 grade equivalency levels were administered surveys and tests to better understand the relationships between childhood educational attainment and the following characteristics: childhood school disability status and grade repetition; as well as adult characteristics including current reading-related skills, reading avoidance behaviors, reading practices for informational and digital texts, employment status, and Readiness-to-Learn. Results indicated that only school disability status was correlated with educational attainment (Cramer’s V test, V = 0.279, p = 0.004). The results contribute to the body of knowledge about adult learners who want to develop literacy skills and the nuances of childhood schooling experiences in this population. Based on these results, caution should be exercised when treating educational attainment as a signal of other characteristics, including reading skills, among adult literacy students. These findings align with other international research findings.
Beyond benchmarks: Exploring views of success among adult basic education learners
Authors: Frey Shannon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEducational policy is built on “benchmarks and measurable ways of being literate” that learners must meet to be considered successful (Compton-Lilly et al. 2012, p. 54). This qualitative study conducted in the northeastern United States is situated in literature on success in ABE (Belzer 2004; Sandlin 2006; St. Clair 2004) and explores six adult basic education (ABE) learners’ perceptions of success and their perceptions of success connected to their adult education classes. The study identified ‘fulfillment’ as a key component of success, going beyond measurable objectives to include satisfaction, accomplishment, emotions, and personal growth, among others.The study findings emphasized the relationship between learners’ perception of fulfillment and the involvement in ABE programs. Although participants viewed ABE program involvement as part of a path to success, their ideas of achievement extended beyond conventional metrics, focusing on emotional well-being and meaningful connections with others. Additionally, participants viewed success as a collective accomplishment and opportunity to positively influence their family and others in their lives.Participants’ narratives highlight the complexity of success, wherein emotions, personal growth, and positive effects on others shape their views of achievement. The findings offer insights for educational and career development initiatives, promoting a more holistic understanding of success that cultivates emotional well-being and meaningful connections. By recognizing the importance of ‘fulfillment,’ literacy programs can better support adult learners in their educational journey, fostering personal accomplishments and contributions to their communities.
Computational modelling of thermal plasmas for industry
Authors: Murphy Anthony B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermal plasma processes are widely used in industrial applications, including arc welding, plasma cutting, plasma spraying, waste treatment and particle spheroidisation. Computational modelling of such processes is widely used by academic researchers and is increasingly used in industry. This paper considers different ways in which academic researchers can assist industry with their modelling requirements. Three case studies based on the author’s work are presented. The first concerns the arc plasma formed in high-voltage circuit breakers. In this case, the thermophysical properties of the plasmas formed from several gas mixtures were calculated and provided to a company for use in their own model. The results obtained played an important role in designing a high-voltage circuit breaker using a gas mixture containing (CF3)2CFCN to replace the standard SF6 gas. In the second case, a model of a plasma waste treatment process was developed and run, and the results of the model were provided to industrial collaborators. The model solved a critical problem in the destruction of ozone-depleting substances by predicting that adding steam to the ozone-depleting substance prevented the formation of other ozone-depleting substances in the process. In the final case, an in-house computational model of arc welding was extended to industrially relevant welding geometries, packaged as Windows software, and then transferred to industrial users. The requirements of each case are considered, and the benefits to the academic researcher and industry are discussed.
Filgotinib bei Colitis ulcerosa: ein Review
Authors: Blesl Andreas , Novacek Gottfried , Reinisch Walter , Kienbauer Melanie , Platzer Reingard , Wolzt Michael , Koch Robert , Högenauer Christoph , Ribarics Reiner , Moschen Alexander 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungColitis ulcerosa ist eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung mit Befall des Kolons. Die häufigsten Symptome sind blutige und schleimige Durchfälle, Stuhldrang sowie abdominelle Schmerzen. Diese Symptome stellen für die Betroffenen oft eine wesentliche gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigung dar.Filgotinib ist ein Medikament, das in oraler Form zur Behandlung der moderat bis schwer aktiven Colitis ulcerosa angewendet wird. Es zählt zur Klasse der Januskinase-Inhibitoren und blockiert bevorzugt das Enzym Januskinase 1, das zytokinvermittelte Inflammationsprozesse bei Colitis ulcerosa aufrechterhält. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Filgotinib im Vergleich zu Placebo zur Behandlung der moderat bis schwer aktiven Colitis ulcerosa wurden in der SELECTION-Studie über 58 Wochen untersucht. Filgotinib 200 mg führte im Vergleich zu Placebo bei signifikant mehr Patienten zu einer schnellen Verbesserung klinischer Symptome innerhalb der ersten 3–4 Tage der Anwendung. Es führte weiters zu einer höheren Rate an klinischer, endoskopischer und histologischer Remission sowohl nach 10 als auch nach 58 Wochen. Das Sicherheitsprofil der Substanz wurde in einer Langzeitstudie evaluiert. Dabei wurden am häufigsten Übelkeit, Infektionen der oberen Atemwege und der Harnwege, Schwindelgefühl und Lymphopenie berichtet. Die Häufigkeiten von schwerwiegenden Infektionen, Thrombosen und schweren kardialen Nebenwirkungen waren gering und vergleichbar zwischen Filgotinib und Placebo.Besondere Merkmale von Filgotinib sind die einmal tägliche orale Anwendung, die gute Steuerbarkeit aufgrund der kurzen Halbwertzeit sowie die nicht vorhandene Immunogenität im Gegensatz zu den Biologika.
Comparison of explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate drug prescribing among the elderly: a narrative review
Authors: Vukoja M. , Mimica S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe appropriateness and quality of prescribing in the elderly can be assessed through various methods and protocols. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages which should be taken into account when they are utilized in everyday practice and care for the geriatric population (people ≥ 65 years). The study aimed to perform a comprehensive literature review and comparison of the existing tools for the assessment of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing in the elderly. The literature search on explicit tools for potentially inappropriate prescribing drugs was performed through the PubMed databases for the period from 1991 until December 2022. The results are structurally presented with the year of publication of the criteria, organization of criteria, and their advantages and disadvantages. Twenty-five different explicit criteria were found in 92 published articles, based on different settings and written in different countries. Many protocols for the detection of potentially inappropriate drugs have been published in recent years, with overlaps between them and different implications for everyday practice. Further research is needed to determine the optimal characteristics of a tool for PIM detection and its role in the optimization of drug prescribing.
Surveying the Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Political Science Education
Authors: Wu Nicole , Wu Patrick Y. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRecent applications of new innovations in artificial intelligence have brought up questions about how this new technology will change the landscape and practices in a wide range of industries and sectors. This article focuses on the impact of generative large language models on teaching, learning, and academic assessment in political science education by analyzing two novel surveys administered by the discipline’s major professional body, the American Political Science Association. We present the results of these surveys and conclude with recommendations.
Citations to the Publications of Male and Female Political Scientists Revisited
Authors: Hill Kim Quaile 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPrior research finds that women earn fewer citations than men for their publications, and it offers various reasons why this is the case. This study provides new evidence on these citation differences from two datasets on career citations earned by male and female political scientists. Our findings extend and elaborate on those in earlier research. Most notably, we find that older cohorts of women demonstrate substantial progress toward citation equity with their male peers.
Causal Inference in the Outer Radiation Belt: Evidence for Local Acceleration
Authors: Manshour P. , Papadimitriou C. , Balasis G. , Paluš M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrently, there is no clear understanding of the comprehensive set of variables that controls fluxes of relativistic electrons within the outer radiation belt. Herein, the methodology based on causal inference is applied for identification of factors that control fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outer belt. The patterns of interactions between the solar wind, geomagnetic activity and belt electrons have been investigated. We found a significant information transfer from solar wind, geomagnetic activity and fluxes of very low energy electrons (54 keV), into fluxes of relativistic (470 keV) and ultra‐relativistic (2.23 MeV) electrons. We present evidence of a direct causal relationship from relativistic into ultra‐relativistic electrons, which points to a local acceleration mechanism for electrons energization. It is demonstrated that the observed information transfer from low energy electrons at 54 keV into energetic electrons at 470 keV is due to the presence of common external drivers such as substorm activity.
Fundamental Properties of Adjoint Model and Adjoint Sensitivity Under Fully Nonlinear Hydrostatic Internal Gravity Waves
Authors: Shimizu Kenji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdjoint sensitivity modeling plays an important role in inverse problems, including four‐dimensional variational data assimilation or state estimation, by providing the sensitivity of the objective (or cost) function to the model input data. Although data assimilation has become common in regional ocean modeling, and the model resolution has become high enough to resolve internal tides, it remains unclear whether physically sensible and stable adjoint sensitivity modeling is feasible in the presence of internal waves. As a first step to tackle this problem, this study investigates fundamental properties of the adjoint of a time‐dependent circulation model, and the resulting sensitivity under internal waves. The theoretical and numerical results, based on simple‐internal‐wave theory and MITgcm modeling, show that stable adjoint sensitivity modeling is feasible under fully nonlinear (but stable) hydrostatic internal waves. However, it requires a careful choice of the objective function to obtain sensitivity which has the same propagation properties as (real‐world) internal waves, because the definition primarily controls the directionality and vertical‐mode content of internal‐wave signals in the adjoint model. Also, it should be noted that the internal‐wave signals lack indirect sensitivity through the dependence of the wave‐propagation speed on the model's prognostic variables. An important implication of the results is that the standard form of the objective function, which has been used in data assimilation studies for quasi‐geostrophic flows and barotropic tides, could be problematic for internal tides.
GOLD Observations of the Merging of the Southern Crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly and Aurora During the 10 and 11 May 2024 Mother's Day Super Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Karan Deepak Kumar , Martinis Carlos R. , Daniell Robert E. , Eastes Richard W. , Wang Wenbin , McClintock William E. , Michell Robert G. , England Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing NASA's Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) imager, we report nightside ionospheric changes during the G5 super geomagnetic storm of 10 and 11 May 2024. Specifically, the nightside southern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) was observed to merge with the aurora near the southern tip of South America. During the storm, the EIA southern crest was seen moving poleward as fast as 450 m/s. Furthermore, the aurora extended to mid‐latitudes reaching the southern tips of Africa and South America. The poleward shift of the equatorial ionospheric structure and equatorward motion of the aurora means there was no mid‐latitude ionosphere in this region. These observations offer unique insights into the ionospheric response to extreme geomagnetic disturbances, highlighting the complex interplay between solar activity and Earth's upper atmosphere.
Internal Tide Variability Off Central California: Multiple Sources, Seasonality, and Eddying Background
Authors: Cai Tongxin , Zhao Zhongxiang , D'Asaro Eric , Wang Jinbo , Fu Lee‐Lueng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo moorings deployed for 75 days in 2019 and long‐term satellite altimetry data reveal a spatially complex and temporally variable internal tidal field at the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Cal/Val site off central California due to the interference of multiple seasonally‐variable sources. These two data sets offer complementary insights into the variability of internal tides in various time scales. The in situ measurements capture variations occurring from days to months, revealing ∼45% coherent tides. The north mooring displays stronger mode‐1 M2 with an amplitude of ∼5.1 mm and exhibits distinct time‐varying energy and modal partitioning compared to the south mooring, which is only 30‐km away. The 27‐year altimetry data unveils the mean and seasonal variations of internal tides. The results indicate that the complex internal tidal field is attributed to multiple sources and seasonality. Mode‐1 tides primarily originate from the Mendocino Ridge and the 36.5–37.5°N California continental slope, while mode‐2 tides are generated by local seamounts and Monterey Bay. Seasonality is evident for mode‐1 waves from three directions. The highest variability of energy flux is found in the westward waves (±22%), while the lowest is in the southward waves (±13%). The large variability observed from the moorings cannot be solely explained by seasonality; additional factors like mesoscale eddies also play a role. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating the seasonality and spatial variability of internal tides for the SWOT internal tidal correction, particularly in regions characterized by multiple tidal sources.
Toward Large‐Scale Riverine Phosphorus Estimation Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
Authors: Ramtel Pradeep , Feng Dongmei , Gardner John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphorus pollution is a major water quality issue impacting the environment and human health. Traditional methods limit the frequency and extent of total phosphorus (TP) measurements across many rivers. However, remote sensing can accurately estimate riverine TP; nevertheless, no large‐scale assessment of riverine TP using remote sensing exists. Large‐scale models using remote sensing can provide a fast and consistent method for TP measurement, important for data generalization and accessing extensive spatial‐temporal change in TP. Our study uses remote sensing and machine learning to estimate the TP in rivers in the contiguous United States (CONUS). Initially, we developed a national scale matchup data set for Landsat detectable rivers (river width >30 m) using in situ TP and surface reflectance. We used in situ data from the Water Quality Portal (WQP), alongside water surface reflectance data from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 spanning from 1984 to 2021. Then, we used this data set to develop a machine learning (ML) model using different preprocessing methods and algorithms. We found that using high‐level vegetation in the clustering approach and over‐sampling or under‐sampling our training data in the sampling approach improved our model estimation accuracy. We compared XGBLinear, XGBTree, Regularized Random Forest (RRF), and K‐Nearest neighbors ML algorithms and selected XGBLinear as the best model with an R2 of 0.604, RMSE of 0.103 mg/L, mean average error of 0.83, and NSE of 0.602. Finally, we identified human footprint, elevation, river area, and soil erosion as the main attributes influencing the accuracy of estimated TP from the ML model.