bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone 0.7‐mg intravitreal implant in patients with radiation macular edema after proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma: 2‐year results
Authors: Baillif S. , Maschi C. , Caujolle J.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate over a 2‐year period, the efficacy of dexamethasone 0.7‐mg intravitreal implant in patients with radiation macular edema after proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma.MethodsNine patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and mean central retinal thickness.ResultsAll patients received a radiation dose of 60 cobalt gray equivalent. Radiation macular edema occurred within a mean time of 41 months after irradiation. Mean preinjection visual acuity was 50 ETDRS letters. Mean central retinal thickness was 461.7 μm. Two months after injection, mean visual acuity was 57 ETDRS letters. It improved for 5 patients (+4, +9, +15, +15, and +19 letters) and remained unchanged for 4. Two months after injection, mean central retinal thickness was 321.6 μm. A complete resolution of radiation macular edema was observed for 7 patients. Four patients underwent several injections of dexamethasone performed 4 to 5 months after the last injection. Intraocular pressure increased for 2 patients over a mean follow‐up period of 24 months. Two patients underwent cataract surgery after the third injection of dexamethasone implant.ConclusionsIntravitreal dexamethasone implant can improve visual acuity in radiation macular edema. The observed beneficial effect lasted up to 5 months.
Transcription factors involved in cell death and regeneration in AGEs exposed retinal neurons
Authors: Oshitari T. , Bikbova G. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo examine the role of transcription factors in neuronal cell death and regeneration in advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) exposed rat retinas.MethodsThe retinas of six SD rats were cultured in three dimensional collagen gels and incubated in serum‐free control media, AGEs‐BSA media, AGEs‐BSA + several neurotrophic factors (neurotrophin‐4, hepatocyte growth factor, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid) supplemented media. After 7 days, the numbers of TUNEL positive cells and regenerating neurites were counted. The explants were immunostained for nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐kB) and specific protein 1 (SP1) and counted the number of immunopositive cells in the explants.ResultsIn retinas incubated with AGEs, the numbers of TUNLE positive cells were more and the numbers of neurites were fewer than in control. All of the neurotrophic factors decreased TUNEL positive cells and increased the number of neurites, and the survival and regenerative effect was more significant in the neurotrophin‐4 group. The numbers of NF‐kB and SP1 immunopositive cells were higher in AGEs exposed retinas than in control. All of the neurotrophic factors decreased the number of NF‐kB immunopositive cells but did not significantly affect SP1 expression.ConclusionsThese results give the clue to understand the role of transcriptional factors involved in cell death and regeneration in AGEs exposed retinal neurons.
Correlation of Different Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wu Z. , Ty M. , Wang F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo investigate vasculogenic endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsA case‐control study comparing 20 normal controls (CO) and 60 patients with T2DM with and without DR was performed. Patients with DR were studied and staged according to ETDRS severity scale. 60 patients were included: 20 without DR (NDR), 20 with nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and 20 with proliferative DR (PDR). EPCs (CD34/CD309) were enumerated by flow cytometry.ResultsThe content of EPCs in PDR group (0.0316 ± 0.0294) % was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (χ2 = 43.780, P < 0.05). The content of EPCs of CO group (0.0179 ± 0.0047) % was higher than that of the NPDR group (0.0123 ± 0.1137) % and the NDR group (0.0151 ± 0.0086) % too,but the difference was not significant(χ2 = 5.244, P = 0.73), There was no significant difference of content of EPCs between NPDR group and the NDR group (χ2 = 6.016, P = 0.12).ConclusionsIn patients with T2DM with DR, EPCs undergo stage‐related regulation. In nonproliferative retinopathy, a reduction of EPCs was observed, and in proliferative retinopathy,a dramatic increase of mature EPCs was observed.
Role of macrophages in the course of an in vivo murine model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Kokona D. , Häner N.S. , Ebneter A. , Zinkernagel M.S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeAnterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) is a common cause of vision loss and is characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells. Recently, inflammation has been proposed to play a role in the course of AION, and we wanted to investigate the contribution of circulating and/or resident microglia.MethodsWe examined the role of macrophages in the course of AION, employing an in vivo murine model of laser‐induced AION. AION was induced in BALB/c mice and three and six days after, OCT was performed and the number of infiltrating cells in the vitreous body was quantified. Bone marrow chimeras were generated using bone marrow derived cells that express GFP under the promoter of CX3CR1, specifically labelling macrophages. Cells were injected intravenously in lethally irradiated BALB/c mice which were subjected to AION two weeks later. Three and seven days after the AION induction, the eyes were subjected to OCT. The mice were euthanized at day 7 and their eyes were prepared for immunohistochemical studies against GFP and Iba‐1. FACS analysis of the retina was also performed in AION subjected BALB/c mice 3, 7 and 14 days after AION induction.ResultsThree and six days after AION induction, quantification of the OCT data showed a statistically significant elevation of infiltrating cells in the vitreous of AION subjected eyes compared to control eyes. This finding was substantiated by FACS analysis. The chimeras experiments revealed infiltration of circulatory macrophages into the retina.ConclusionsOur data support a role of circulating and/or resident macrophages in the course of AION.
Evaluation of a portable manual stretching device to simulate accommodation
Authors: D'Antin J.C. , Pinilla Cortés L. , Montenegro G.A. , Barraquer R.I. , Michael R. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of a manual lens stretching device using clinical scanners to analyze variations in lens topography and cross sections.MethodsThe stretching device consists of 6 pulling elements, attached to an external ring, which act like an aperture. The anterior segment of enucleated eyes from six months old pigs were glued to the device, then the cornea and the posterior segment of the eye were removed; finally, the whole setup was placed inside a container, which controls the stretching process. Different clinical scanners (Casia OCT, Orbscan and Pentacam) were used to analyze variations in lens shape. Calibrations were achieved using an artificial lens of known dimensions and refractive index.ResultsThe device allows for a radial increase of 1.8 mm. Lens topography could be analyzed using the Orbscan and the Pentacam. While lens cross sections were obtained using the Casia OCT and the Pentacam. The posterior surface of the lens could not be correctly visualized. With our tests we observed changes in porcine lens diameter, shape, surface topography and dioptric power during stretching.ConclusionsThis stretching device allows for the analysis of the anterior surface and cross sections of the lens. Its capabilities are comparable to larger static stretchers, but has the advantage of being portable, allowing it to be used with the clinical scanners the center already has destined to patients, making it a cheaper alternative. However, the forces can't be measured.
Retinal thickness in children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia
Authors: Tomo N. , Nahoko O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine the retinal thickness in eyes of children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia, their fellow eyes, and eyes of age‐matched controls. To assess the effects of optical treatment on the foveal thickness in eyes with anisohypermetropic amblyopia.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five patients (6.0 ± 2.2 years, mean ± standard deviation) with anisohypermetropic amblyopia and 25 age‐matched controls (5.6 ± 1.9 years) were studied. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) was used. The foveal thickness and the thickness of the outer nuclear (ONL), photoreceptor inner segment (IS) layer, and outer segment (OS) layer were measured by the embedded OCT software.ResultsThe length of the OS was significantly longer in the fellow eyes (48.2 ± 5.9 µm) than in the amblyopic eyes (42.9 ± 4.6 µm, P = 0.03). One year after the optical treatment of the anisohypermetropia, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved and the length of the OS was significantly increased (P = 0.0001). After optical treatment there was no more significant difference in the OS length between in the amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes (P = 0.94). The change of BCVA was significantly correlated with the change of the length of the OS one year after the treatment (r = 0.54; P = 0.0004).ConclusionsWe found anisohypermetropic amblyopic eyes had qualitative and quantitative differences in the microstructures of the retinal photoreceptor layers from control eyes. An increase in the OS length was detected in the amblyopic eyes after the optical treatment. There was a significant correlation between the increased OS length and better BCVA.
Epithelial wound healing in a model of porcine corneas stored in an innovative bioreactor
Authors: Guindolet D. , He Z. , Bernard A. , Regeade D. , Piselli S. , Perrache C. , Forest F. , Peoch M. , Gain P. , Gabison E. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeExperimental models of corneal epithelial healing are critically important to study cellular mechanisms and new therapeutics. We designed a bioreactor (BR) for exvivo corneal storage. It restores a pressure equivalent to the intraocular pressure in the endothelial chamber while allowing continuous renewing of media in both epithelial and endothelial chambers. It comprised 2 transparent windows for direct observation of epi and endo layers. Initially designed for human corneas, we adapted a prototype for porcine corneas to develop a new experimental platform. Aim: to study epithelial wound healing in the BR compared to a standard ex‐vivo model of porcine corneas.MethodsPorcine eyeballs were obtained from a local slaughterhouse within 4 hours after death. Excised corneas were stored either in a BR or in a Petri dish with culture medium and agar for 4 weeks. A 5 mm epithelial debridmentulcer was performed. Exposition of the epithelium to various conditions was assessed in parallel: air‐lifting, immersion in different media, alternating media and air. Experiments were done in triplicate. Healing rate was monitored with fluorescein staining, digital pictures, and image analysis with ImageJ. After complete healing, corneas were processed for histology and immunolabelling with K3‐K12, laminin‐5, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), ABCB5, and PAX6.ResultsFaster epithelial healing was observed for cornea stored in bioreactor. In bioreactor epithelial layer was mature (K3‐K12 immunostaining) and multi‐layered. Basement membrane was also restored (laminin‐5 immunostaining). Repeated epithelial debridement successfully healed indicating adequate survival of progenitorsConclusionsThis innovative porcine bioreactor could be a new ex‐vivo assay to study corneal wound healing and to assess efficacy or toxicity of new therapeutics. Grant: UJM, ANSM.
Intratarsal injection of kenacort in the treatment of severe cases of VKC
Authors: Lazreg S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo treat refractory cases of Vkc with intratarsal injections of trialcinolone.MethodsWe treated Severe cases of Vkc that have already experienced different anti allergic treatments and topical steroids with frequent relapses and dependancies to steroids with intratarsal injection of 40 mg of dexametasone, the follow up visits were performed at D0, D 3, D7 and D30 ( slit lamp examination, corneal staining, ocular pressure).Results87 severe cases of Vkc 63 males, mean age 10.4 ± 3.5 years, 90% bilateral, and 100% of corneal involvement. 70% mixed forms and 15% of tarsal forms, the mean follow up was 20+/‐7 months. at D3 we had a decrease of all ocular signs (photophobia, redness and pruritis) at D7 decrease of corneal staining and trantas nods, and at d30, total remission of the Vkc, the mean duration of the efficacy of the treatment was 10.4 ± 2.6 months, no adverse event was observed.ConclusionsIntratarsal injection of steroids is very effective in severe and resistant cases of Vkc, especially in our countries where this disease is very severe, frequent and when topical cyclosporine is not available.
Glaucoma patients have a significant decrease in retrobulbar blood flow velocities during general anesthesia
Authors: Abegao Pinto L. , Vandewalle E. , Willekens K. , Van keer K. , Van Calster J. , Stalmans P. , Vertommen J. , Deckers K. , Marques‐Neves C. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeGlaucoma patients are known to have an underlying vascular dysfunction and General anesthesia (GA) significantly decreases blood pressure, which might decrease ocular perfusion. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of GA on ophthalmic flow velocities and blood pressure.MethodsProspective, case‐control study. Glaucoma patients were scheduled for trabeculectomy or drainage device implantation; non‐glaucomatous patients undergoing vitrectomy for macular hole or epiretinal membrane peeling were recruited as control subjects. Color Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic artery (OA) was performed immediately before and 1 minute after GA induction. The following parameters were analyzed: OA blood velocities and resistivity index, as well as cardiovascular parameters (diastolic and systolic blood pressure and heart rate). Statistical analysis was performed using Studentâ€™s paired t test, Mann‐Whitney, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation.Results53 patients were included (glaucoma group: 25; control group: 28). The magnitude in blood pressure decrease after GA induction was similar between the two groups (p value 0.61–0.70). However, the decrease in OA blood velocities was significantly larger in the glaucoma groups than in the control group (p < 0.03 in all comparisons). Unlike the control subjects, in the glaucoma group there was a significant association between the magnitude of blood pressure decrease and the lowering of the OA mean blood velocity (r = 0.69, 95% IC: 0.36–0.87, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that glaucoma patients are unable to keep a stable blood velocity in the OA when subjected to acute significant decreases in blood pressure (such as the ones seen after GA induction).
Changes of intraocular pressure and cornea biomechanical properties after cataract phacoemulsification
Authors: Yugay M. , Ryabtzeva A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeCataract phacoemulsification is accompanied by changes in intraocular pressure and biomechanical parameters of the eye. Corneal hysteresis characterizies the visco‐elastic properties of the cornea. Our purpose was to analyse the changes of intraocular pressure and corneal hysteresis during 3 months after phaco.MethodsThe study included 80 eyes of 80 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification throught clear corneal incision with IOL implantation. Preoperative examination included standard techniques and measurement of corneal hysteresis, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOP) and Goldman IOP by Ocular Response Analyzer, repeated before surgery, 1 day, 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after surgery.ResultsCorneal hysteresis decreased on the first day after cataract phacoemulsification from 9.90 ±0.24 mm Hg to 8.88 ± 0.26 mm Hg and after 2 weeks to 7.91 ± 1.13 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Then corneal hysteresis increased and after 3 months after surgery returned to preoperative values (9.78 ± 0.29 mm Hg). Intraocular pressure raised after surgery by 3 mm Hg, decreased to preoperative values by 1 month after phaco, and continued to decrease by 1.5–2 mm Hg up to 3 months after phacoemulsification. Central corneal thickness increased after phaco from 539 ± 21 mcm to 559 ± 33 mcm the first day after surgery and 659 ± 28 mcm in 2 weeks. It decreased to 552 ± 26 mcm in 1 month and returned to preoperative values in 3 months.ConclusionsCorneal hysteresis decreased in the early postoperative period after phaco, dropping to a minimum 2 weeks after surgery. Then corneal hysteresis gradually increased, reaching preoperative values at 3 months after surgery. Changes of intraocular pressure are opposite to changes of corneal hysteresis. CCT increased after phaco, reached maximum in 2 weeks and returned to preoperative values in 3 months.
Immunohistochemical characterization of a retinal hamartoma
Authors: Van Ginderdeuren R. , Stalmans P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo describe the immunohistochemical features of a retinal hamartoma.MethodsA 38 y old man was referred for preretinal fibrosis on his right eye. There was loss of vision for more than 8 years with metamorphopsia. The left eye was normal. Oct imaging showed an epiretinal fibrosis with extensive macular oedema. A 27Gauge vitrectomy was performed. The lamina limitans interna (ilm) was peeled after staining with Membrane Blue Dual and sent for histopathology.ResultsAfter removal the epiretinal membrane was immediately fixed with PreservCyt® in a ThinPrep® container. The specimen was routinely processed by the Cellient® embedding system. Microscopy showed a folded Pas positive membrane, recognized as ilm with on one side some glial remnants and on the other side a cuboidal non‐pigmented epithelium. The glial remnants stained with glial fibrillar protein (gfap), the epithelium with prekeratin AE1/AE3. CD 34 stain was positive in preretinal capillaries.ConclusionsA strange retinal fibrosis consisted of glial tissue and a row of superficial cuboidal non‐pigmented epithelium cells. This kind of hamartoma with immunohistological description was never investigated or published.
Macular Infarction Following Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection for Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Kim T.K. , Lee J.H. , Lee M.Y. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo report a case of macular infarction following intravitreal triamcinolone injection for treatment of central retinal vein occlusionMethodsA 75‐year‐old man visited our clinic for visual disturbance in his left eye, who had diagnosed with macular infarction in his right eye. The patient's best‐corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in his left eye. His medical history included type 2 diabetes, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. After fundus examination, the patient was diagnosed with central vein occlusion with macular edema, intravitreal triamcinolone was administered in an attempt to reduce edema.ResultsWithin 1 week of treatment with intravitreal injection, the patient noted a significant decrease in visual acuity. Flurorescein angiogram demonstrated an enlargement of the foveal avascular zone following intravitreal triamcinolone, although optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a decresed maculr edema. Despite normalization of macular thickness on OCT and cessation of leakage on angiography, visual acuity remained at the same level until 2 month of follow‐up.ConclusionsNot only intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection, but also intravitreal triamcinolone injection can cause macular ischemia. This must be taken into consideration when the treatment regime is adopted for use in patients with ischemic risk factors.
Sterile corneal keratolysis in the rat at 300 nm
Authors: KronschlaGer M. , Talebizadeh N. , Yu Z. , Löfgren S. , Findl O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeUltraviolet radiation (UVR) today is widely used in anterior segment interventions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate toxicity of UVR at 3oo nm in the rat cornea.Methods16 Sprague Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed to 5 kJ/m2 UVR (λmax: 300 nm; λ0.5: 10 nm) for 15 min. Contralateral eyes were kept as control. The animals were divided into 4 latency groups and eyes were taken at 1, 5, 24 and 120 h post exposure. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL method and histopathological changes were visualized with H&E staining.ResultsAt 5 h post exposure all 3 exposed corneal cell layers displayed apoptotic cells with a peak at 24 h. Corneal stromal thinning and stromal neutrophil infiltration were found at 120 h in exposed corneas.ConclusionsIn conclusion, sterile corneal keratolysis occurs in the post exposure time window 24 to 120 h and is probably induced by neutrophils. The potential danger of sterile corneal keratolysis is to be considered in the clinical applications of UVR.
Choroidal thickness changes in response to defocus in emmetropia and in myopia
Authors: Weber M. , Esmaeelpour M. , Drexler W. , Findl O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThis prospective study aimed to investigate the effect of myopic defocus on choroidal thickness in emmetropic, in moderately myopic and in highly myopic subjects.MethodsA 3‐dimensional spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) system that operates at a wavelength of 1060 nm was used to measure choroidal thickness in the 9 sections according to the “early treatment diabetic retinopathy study” (ETDRS) grid before and after a period of 60 minutes of defocus with a +3.00 Dioptre (D) lens in one eye of 15 emmetropic (spherical equivalent‐SE: −0.75 to +0.75D; group A), 15 moderately myopic (SE: −6.00 to −2.50D; group B) and 15 highly myopic subjects (SE: ≥−6.25D; group C).ResultsChoroidal thickness was in all ETDRS fields significantly thicker in emmetropic than in moderately and in highly myopic subjects. Central field choroidal thickness before and after defocus was in group A 322 ± 59 μm and 321 ± 57 μm, in group B 259 ± 71 μm and 258 ± 65 µm and in group C 237 ± 64 µm and 237 ±65 µm. Choroidal thickness did not differ from before to after defocus in the central ETDRS field (group A: −1 ± 12 µm, p = 0.710; group B: −1 ± 8 µm, p = 0.660; group C: 0 ± 6 µm; p = 0.995; paired t‐test) and these differences did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.940, ANOVA). In the peripheral ETDRS fields choroidal thickness changes from before to after defocus were neither found to be significant within the groups (p > 0.05, paired t‐test) nor between the groups (p > 0.05, ANOVA).ConclusionsMyopic defocus does not influence the choroidal thickness in emmetropic, moderately myopic and in highly myopic subjects.