bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anatomical, histopathological, and molecular biological function study of the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its associated mesocolon: their relevance to colonic surgery
Authors: Gao Zhidong , Ye Yingjiang , Zhang Weiguang , Shen Danhua , Zhong Yanfeng , Jiang Kewei , Yang Xiaodong , Yin Mujun , Liang Bin , Tian Long , Wang Shan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe study aim was to explore the anatomy, histopathology, and molecular biological function of the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its mesocolon to provide information for improving complete mesocolic excision. To accomplish this aim, we performed intraoperative observations in 60 interperitoneal colon‐cancer patients accepted for complete mesocolic excision and conducted local anatomy observations for five embalmed cadavers. An additional two embalmed child cadaver specimens were studied with large slices and paraffin sections. Ten of the 60 patients were examined with a lymph node tracer technique in vivo, while fresh specimens from these patients were assessed by histopathological examination and transwell cell migration assays in vitro. The anatomical and histopathological findings showed that the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its associated mesocolon were composed of two independent layers: the visceral and parietal fascias. These two fascias were primarily composed of collagen fibers, with the parietal fascia containing a small amount of muscle fiber. The in vivo test showed that the visceral fascia surrounded the colon and its associated mesocolon, including vessels and lymphatics, and that it had no lymphatic flow through it into the rear tissues. Moreover, the in vitro assays showed the visceral fascia was able to block tumor cell migration. Although many surgical scholars have known of the existence of fascia tissue posterior to the intraperitoneal colon, the detailed structure has been ignored and been unclear. As shown by our findings, the visceral and parietal fascias are truly formed structures that have not been previously reported. A thorough understanding of fascial structures and the function of the visceral fascia barrier in blocking tumor cells will facilitate surgeons when performing high‐quality complete mesocolic excision procedures.
Concentration‐dependent specimen shrinkage in iodine‐enhanced microCT
Authors: Vickerton Paula , Jarvis Jonathan , Jeffery Nathan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIodine potassium iodide (I2KI) solution can be employed as a contrast agent for the visualisation of soft tissue structures in micro‐computed tomography studies. This technique provides high resolution images of soft tissue non‐destructively but initial studies suggest that the stain can cause substantial specimen shrinkage. The degree of specimen shrinkage, and potential deformation, is an important consideration when using the data for morphological studies. Here we quantify the macroscopic volume changes in mouse skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and cerebellum as a result of immersion in the common fixatives 10% phosphate‐buffered formal saline, 70% ethanol and 3% glutaraldehyde, compared with I2KI staining solution at concentrations of 2, 6, 10 and 20%. Immersion in the I2KI solution resulted in dramatic changes of tissue volume, which were far larger than the shrinkage from formalin fixation alone. The degree of macroscopic change was most dependent upon the I2KI concentration, with severe shrinkage of 70% seen in solutions of 20% I2KI after 14 days' incubation. When using this technique care needs to be taken to use the lowest concentration that will give adequate contrast to minimise artefacts due to shrinkage.
The Uses and Abuses of Public Space: Urban Governance, Social Ordering and Resistance, Avenham Park, Preston, c. 1850–1901
Authors: Loxham Angela 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article contributes to scholarship on liberal governance during the nineteenth century through the much‐neglected area of the public park. Using Preston as a case study, it seeks to answer why parks were considered necessary, but also to argue for the need to understand micro‐level issues that determined their precise formation and governance. In line with this, attention is paid to how space was orchestrated to encourage self‐regulation, and the elite appropriation of this space to bolster the fragile social order that industrialisation had engendered in the town. Finally attention is paid to the outcome of this, and the ways in which people could enjoy the park, without internalising the intended norms.
Rhizopus Stem Rot of Orobanche aegyptiaca caused by Rhizopus oryzae in China
Authors: Zhang Xuekun , Yao Zhaoqun , Zhao Sifeng , Xie Huiqin , Yang Mei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStem rot was recorded on Orobanche aegyptiaca in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China from 2010 to 2011. The pathogen was isolated repeatedly from the infected stems and was identified as Rhizopus oryzae based on morphology, cultural features and molecular analysis. Koch's postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on healthy plants grown on processing tomato and melon. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the occurrence of R. oryzae stem rot on O. aegyptiaca.
First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Infecting Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in China
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Wu Xingxing , Bi Yunqing , Wu Yixin , lin Guanhui , He Yueqiu , Mao Zichao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn 2011, a wilt disease has been detected on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivar ‘Light Pink Barbara’ in Kunming, Yunnan, China. A Fusarium sp. was consistently recovered from pieces of symptomatic tissues on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). On the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular identification by DNA sequencing of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS) and partial translation elongation factor‐1α (TEF) gene region, following their phylogenetic trees construction, the putative causal agent was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, and its pathogenicity was finally confirmed by Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a wilt disease caused by F. proliferatum on carnation in China.
Utilization of unpeeled cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal supplemented with or without charcoal by broiler chickens
Authors: Oso A. O. , Akapo O. , Sanwo K. A. , Bamgbose A. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryA 42‐day feeding trial was conducted using 480‐day‐old, male Marshall broilers to study the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) supplemented with or without 6 g/kg charcoal. The experimental design was laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments having three inclusion levels of UCRM (0, 100 and 200 g/kg) with or without 6 g/kg charcoal supplementation. Each treatment consisted of 80 birds replicated eight times with 10 birds per replicate. Main effect of inclusion level of UCRM and supplementation of charcoal showed reduced (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain, feed intake and apparent crude protein digestibility of the birds with increasing inclusion levels of UCRM. Birds fed diets supplemented with charcoal showed higher (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain and feed intake than birds fed diets without charcoal. Supplementation of charcoal in diet containing 100 g/kg UCRM resulted in improved (p < 0.05) weight gain when compared with birds fed similar diet but not supplemented with charcoal. Broilers fed diet containing no UCRM but supplemented with charcoal had the highest overall (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain, while birds fed diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM supplemented with charcoal recorded the poorest (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum thiocyanate concentration increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion levels of UCRM. Dietary supplementation of charcoal resulted in increased (p < 0.05) concentration of serum glucose and cholesterol and reduced (p < 0.05) SGOT concentration. Birds fed diets containing UCRM had high (p < 0.05) serum thiocyanate concentration irrespective of dietary supplementation or not with 6 g/kg charcoal. In conclusion, supplementation of diet containing up to 100 g/kg UCRM with 6 g/kg charcoal showed improved weight gain without any deleterious effect on serum metabolites.
Effects of sampling scale on patterns of habitat association in tropical trees
Authors: Garzon‐Lopez Carol X. , Jansen Patrick A. , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Ordonez Alejandro , Olff Han 
Published: May 2013

AbstractQuestionsNiche differentiation is a central explanation for the co‐existence and distribution patterns of numerous tree species in tropical forests, but functional equivalence leading to neutral dynamics has been proposed as an alternative explanation. This niche vs neutral debate is fuelled by the highly variable results yielded by studies of the association between tree species distributions and environmental factors, where some studies find strong associations but others do not. Here, we ask how differences in sampling scale between studies contribute to this variation.LocationBarroColoradoIsland,Panama.MethodsUsing distribution maps of canopy‐statured individuals, we evaluated patterns of habitat association in five tropical tree species on BarroColorado Island across a wide range of sampling scales (from 50 to 1600 ha). We investigated the scale‐dependency of species clumping patterns (Ripley'sK) and the association of species distributions with important environmental variables (forest age, topography and geological formation) using point pattern analyses.ResultsClump size and clump density had high variances within and among spatial scales. Significant habitat associations were found in all five species, with the number of habitat associations generally increasing with the sampling scale. Ignoring dispersal constraints inflated the number of significant habitat associations.ConclusionsWe found that patterns of habitat association (and hence conclusions on the importance of niche vs neutral processes) are strongly affected by the choice of sampling scale and location. Explicit inclusion of the effect of spatial scale is critical for studies of habitat association and the main processes that structure communities of tropical trees.
How does a Mycobacterium change its spots? Applying molecular tools to track diverse strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Authors: Bannantine J.P. , Li L.-L. , Sreevatsan S. , Kapur V. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Defining genetic diversity in the wake of the release of several Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) genome sequences has become a major emphasis in the molecular biology and epidemiology of Johne's disease research. These data can now be used to define the extent of strain diversity on the farm. However, to perform these important tasks, researchers must have a way to distinguish the many MAP isolates/strains that are present in the environment or host to enable tracking over time. Recent studies have described genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), of which MAP is a member, through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, single sequence repeats, variable-number tandem repeats, genome rearrangements, single nucleotide polymorphisms and genomewide comparisons to identify insertions and deletions. Combinations of these methods can now provide discrimination sufficient for dependable strain tracking. These molecular epidemiology techniques are being applied to understand transmission of Johne's disease within dairy cattle herds as well as identify which strains predominate in wildlife.
Excesses of nationalism: Greco‐Turkish population exchange
Authors: Kolluoğlu Biray 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article studies 1923 compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey through a case study of its experience in Izmir. It traces the ways the early Republican state engaged in the project of reshaping the population by eliminating the non‐Muslims who were rendered as ‘excesses’ in the spatial and discursive matrices of the nation‐state. Through the experience of the exchange in Izmir, it argues that the process of the accommodation and assimilation of the exchangees played a significant role in shaping the modalities of Turkish nationalism by creating new lines and fissures, further dividing the ‘Muslim brethren’ into ever restrictive constructions of Turkishness. It also underlines that this forced displacement is not just a significant episode in Greek and Turkish histories but that it represents a turning point in the project of nation formation in general.
Crohn's Disease Presenting as a Neutrophilic Dermatosis in a 5‐Month‐Old Boy
Authors: Sutton Angela M. , Lawrence Hillary S. , Canty Kristi M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA 5‐month‐old boy with a previous history of failure to thrive and poor feeding was admitted to the hospital with failure to thrive, oral ulcers, and a generalized vesiculopustular rash that demonstrated a subcorneal pustule and neutrophilic infiltrate on histology. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy biopsies demonstrated chronic active colitis with granulomas, consistent with the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Our case represents, to our knowledge, the youngest person reported with this condition in association with Crohn's disease.
Hepatitis C Virus Screening and Management of Seroconversions in Hemodialysis Facilities
Authors: Mbaeyi Chukwuma , Thompson Nicola D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOver the past two decades, healthcare‐associated exposure has increasingly been proved to be a means of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, especially in hemodialysis facilities. The prevalence of HCV among hemodialysis patients is known to be several times greater than that of the general population of the United States, and chronic HCV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among these patients. During 2008–2011, HCV infection outbreaks were identified in multiple US hemodialysis facilities, resulting in at least 46 new HCV infections among hemodialysis patients. These outbreaks, linked to infection control breaches, also highlight the failure of some facilities to follow established guidelines for routine HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) screening and response to new HCV infection among hemodialysis patients. Current national guidelines recommend screening of hemodialysis patients for anti‐HCV on facility admission and, for susceptible patients, on a semiannual basis.Here, we seek to underscore the importance of compliance with national recommendations for anti‐HCV screening of hemodialysis patients and actions to be taken in the event of possible HCV transmission within a hemodialysis facility. These include general steps to ensure that: hemodialysis patients are routinely screened for anti‐HCV to facilitate early detection of new infections; newly infected patients are informed of the change in their HCV status and undergo clinical evaluation; and public health officials are notified of new HCV infections in a timely manner. We then focus on the need to assess infection control practices at the facility, with particular attention given to safe handling of injectable medications, hand hygiene and disinfection practices. In the absence of a vaccine, routine screening and adherence to standard infection control practices will remain the key strategies for preventing HCV transmission in hemodialysis units.
HLA‐A2‐restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes from Human Hepsin as Novel Targets for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo J. , Li G. , Tang J. , Cao X.‐B. , Zhou Q.‐Y. , Fan Z.‐J. , Zhu B. , Pan X.‐H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and it is associated with prostate cancer cellular migration and invasion. Therefore, HPN is a biomarker for prostate cancer. CD8+ T cells play an important role in tumour immunity. This study predicted and identified HLA‐A2‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in human hepsin protein. HLA‐A2‐restricted CTL epitopes were identified using the following four‐step procedure: (1) a computer program generated predicted epitopes from the amino acid sequence of human hepsin; (2) an HLA‐A2‐binding assay detected the affinity of the predicted epitopes to the HLA‐A2 molecule; (3) the primary T cell response against the predicted epitopes was stimulated in vitro; and (4) the induced CTLs towards different types of hepsin‐ or HLA‐A2‐expressing prostate cancer cells were detected. Five candidate peptides were identified. The effectors that were induced by human hepsin epitopes containing residues 229 to 237 (Hpn229; GLQLGVQAV), 268 to 276 (Hpn268; PLTEYIQPV) and 191 to 199 (Hpn199; SLLSGDWVL) effectively lysed LNCaP prostate cancer cells that were hepsin‐positive and HLA‐A2 matched. These peptide‐specific CTLs did not lyse normal liver cells with low hepsin levels. Hpn229, Hpn268 and Hpn199 increased the frequency of IFN‐γ‐producing T cells compared with the negative peptide. These results suggest that the Hpn229, Hpn268 and Hpn199 epitopes are novel HLA‐A2‐restricted CTL epitopes that are capable of inducing hepsin‐specific CTLs in vitro. Hpn229, Hpn268 and Hpn199 peptide‐based vaccines may be useful for immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.
Static‐Strain Level Change Together with Detection of Transient Signal as Damage Indicator for Truss and Frame Structures
Authors: Opoka S. , Murawski L. , Wandowski T. , Malinowski P. , Ostachowicz W. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe lifetime prolongation of the old industrial structures is an important economic issue. Damage detection techniques can be helpful to warn about any structural deterioration and to assure sufficient time for counteraction activities. In the paper, the results of strain measurements on scaled leg model of offshore oil platform with different damage cases are presented. The considered damage cases were yielding, chord cutting and brace–chord detachment located in the bottom part of the model. Yielding was detected mainly by the sensors located in the lower part of the structure. On the other hand, brace–chord detachment was detected by all sensors on the structure. Therefore, the global character of the considered damage indicator is proven at least for some important class of damage cases. Due to transient response during brace–chord detachment and interpretation problems of results for partial chord cutting, the necessity of continuous monitoring was evident. The time point of detachment occurrence can be easily detected using difference or cross‐correlation technique. The change in static‐strain levels together with the detection of transient signal seems to be a simple and an effective damage indicator based on interrogation of thermo‐mechanical strains.
Resolution of translation start site for the human Kell glycoprotein
Authors: Blacken Grady R. , Zimring James C. , Fu Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe human Kell blood group system currently contains 35 antigens determined by allelic polymorphisms in the Kell glycoprotein, a single‐pass Type II transmembrane protein. The Kell glycoprotein was initially cloned through screening of a cDNA library; however, direct amino acid sequencing of most of the Kell glycoprotein has not been reported. The N‐terminus of the Kell glycoprotein contains two potential translational start sites, which result in differences in the cytoplasmic tail.Study Design and MethodsProtein extracts were isolated from human red blood cell membranes and were digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were subjected to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, allowing resolution of peptides from the N‐terminus of the Kell glycoprotein.ResultsPeptides were isolated and sequenced that correspond to the upstream methionine start site predicted by the full cDNA sequence. No evidence of internal translation initiation at Methionine 20 was detected.ConclusionsThese findings identify the translational start site and define the full cytoplasmic tail of the human Kell glycoprotein.
Defining the clinical need for rare red blood cells
Authors: Yahalom V. 
Published: May 2013

Transfusion support of patients with antibodies against high frequency (HF) antigens or a combination of antibodies that is rare is challenging and requires multidisciplinary cooperation.The treating physician should decide if there is a definitive clinical need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for the specific patient. According to recent clinical trials RBC transfusion is usually not indicated if the patient is haemodynamically stable and the haemoglobin (Hb) is higher than 7 g/dl. Alternative strategies for patient support might be required if rare blood is unavailable or while awaiting rare RBC unit arrival from national or international sources.
Global definitions of rare donors
Authors: Nance S. T. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundA basic definition of a rare donor unit is that unit not available for the patient at the time of the transfusion need. However, there are some patients who required exquisitely phenotyped, even genotyped units, for optimal survival of transfused red cells. Often, the rare phenotyped unit needed is negative for an antigen of high prevalence, sometimes the type is less than one in 10 000 donors tested or even rarer. Further complications arise with consideration of ABO/Rh type or the concomitant presence of antibodies to common antigens. Another type of rare unit is one that is negative for multiple common antigens, which in combination make the donor difficult to find.AimsThe availability of rare donor phenotypes or genotypes can vary amongst countries, but some types, e.g. Rhnull, are difficult to provide in nearly every country. The need for an organized approach to managing rare donor information was recognized long ago, with the ISBT establishing the concept of an International Rare Donor Panel (IRDP) in 19653. In 1968, the IRDP had 300 donors listed from 10 countries. In 1985, 500 donors from 22 countries were listed, and in 1991, 3000 donors. In 1998, 4000 donors from 24 countries were listed. The ISBT Working Party on Rare Donors member countries supports the continued replenishment of rare donors and provision of their units world‐ wide by continuing to identify and submit donors to the IRDP. The aim is to ensure rare blood units are available internationally when needed.MethodThe ISBT Working Party on Rare Donors presented data specific to their country at the 2012 Congress Working Party meeting on the topic of: What are the most difficult phenotypes to find?ResultsIdentifying donors with rare types is important for provision of blood for patients with complex antibody challenges. From the international perspective of the Working Party Members, the most difficult to provide is Rhnull, listed by 11 of 17 reporting countries (65%). D– – was listed by seven countries at 41%. Ko and U‐ were listed by 6 at 35% and Di(b‐), Ge‐, Hr/HrB‐, Lan‐ at 21%. The complete data is listed in Vox Sanguinis Science Series publication from this Regional Congress. From an international perspective, if there were more donors of these types, more patients could receive the treatments they need. While massive screening might be one way to find rare donors, it may be more effective to track the sibling of patients with rare types, and engage all that are found to be rare types to be blood donors.SummaryEach country's rarest types should be known to all blood centers. When a patient needing this type is identified, it will be known that there might be delays or challenges in getting the blood.The ISBT Working Party on Rare Donors works to ensure that all countries with rare donor activities have their donors listed on the IRDP, so that rare blood units are available internationally.