bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OGA heterozygosity suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice
Authors: Yang Y R , Jang H-J , Yoon S , Lee Y H , Nam D , Kim I S , Lee H , Kim H , Choi J H , Kang B H , Ryu S H , Suh P-G 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with tumorigenesis. Many oncogenic factors are O-GlcNAcylated, which modulates their functions. However, it remains unclear how O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), affect the development of cancer in animal models. In this study, we show that reduced level of OGA attenuates colorectal tumorigenesis induced by Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutation. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes were simultaneously upregulated in intestinal adenomas from mice, and in human patients. In two independent microarray data sets, the expression of OGA and OGT was significantly associated with poor cancer-specific survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In addition, OGA heterozygosity, which results in increased levels of O-GlcNAcylation, attenuated intestinal tumor formation in the Apcmin/+ background. Apcmin/+OGA+/− mice exhibited a significantly increased survival rate compared with Apcmin/+ mice. Consistent with this, Apcmin/+OGA+/− mice expressed lower levels of Wnt target genes than Apcmin/+. However, the knockout of OGA did not affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overall, these findings suggest that OGA is crucial for tumor growth in CRC independently of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Genome-wide functional genomic and transcriptomic analyses for genes regulating sensitivity to vorinostat
Authors: Falkenberg Katrina J , Gould Cathryn M , Johnstone Ricky W , Simpson Kaylene J 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIdentification of mechanisms of resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as vorinostat, is important in order to utilise these anticancer compounds more efficiently in the clinic. Here, we present a dataset containing multiple tiers of stringent siRNA screening for genes that when knocked down conferred sensitivity to vorinostat-induced cell death. We also present data from a miRNA overexpression screen for miRNAs contributing to vorinostat sensitivity. Furthermore, we provide transcriptomic analysis using massively parallel sequencing upon knockdown of 14 validated vorinostat-resistance genes. These datasets are suitable for analysis of genes and miRNAs involved in cell death in the presence and absence of vorinostat as well as computational biology approaches to identify gene regulatory networks.
Root defense analysis against Fusarium oxysporum reveals new regulators to confer resistance
Authors: Chen Yi Chung , Wong Chin Lin , Muzzi Frederico , Vlaardingerbroek Ido , Kidd Brendan N. , Schenk Peer M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFusarium oxysporum is a root-infecting fungal pathogen that causes wilt disease on a broad range of plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Investigation of the defense response against this pathogen had primarily been conducted using leaf tissue and little was known about the root defense response. In this study, we profiled the expression of root genes after infection with F. oxysporum by microarray analysis. In contrast to the leaf response, root tissue did not show a strong induction of defense-associated gene expression and instead showed a greater proportion of repressed genes. Screening insertion mutants from differentially expressed genes in the microarray uncovered a role for the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR72 (ERF72) in susceptibility to F. oxysporum. Due to the role of ERF72 in suppressing programmed cell death and detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), we examined the pub22/pub23/pub24 U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase triple mutant which is known to possess enhanced ROS production in response to pathogen challenge. We found that the pub22/23/24 mutant is more resistant to F. oxysporum infection, suggesting that a heightened innate immune response provides protection against F. oxysporum. We conclude that root-mediated defenses against soil-borne pathogens can be provided at multiple levels.
A Case for Accelerated Reestablishment of American Eel in the Lake Ontario and Champlain Watersheds
Authors: Busch Wolf-Dieter N , Braun David P 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The catadromous, panmictic American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) historically comprised nearly 25% of fish biomass in Atlantic coastal streams, supporting sizeable fisheries for centuries. However, the population has collapsed in its primary range. It is now proposed or listed as “endangered” by various North American governments, with its fisheries declared “depleted” along the U.S. Atlantic coast. The causes of decline include fragmented governance, loss of physical access to and/or degraded quality of freshwater habitats, lethal entrainment in hydroelectric turbines, changes in marine currents, and excessive harvest. Large gaps exist in knowledge of species biology and the effectiveness of management approaches. Prior to the collapse of eel production, the Lake Ontario and Champlain watersheds of the St. Lawrence River basin produced abundant, large, highly fecund female eels that contributed disproportionately to species-wide reproduction. Abatement of key threats specifically across these two particular watersheds therefore could contribute significantly to range-wide recovery from Greenland to Venezuela.
RESUMEN
la anguila americana (Anguilla rostrata) se considera una especie catádroma y panmíctica e históricamente ha constituido cerca del 25% de la biomasa de peces en los ríos costeros de Norte América, soportando durante siglos importantes pesquerías. Sin embargo, la población ha colapsado a lo largo de su rango principal de distribución. Actualmente, la especie se ha propuesto o bien listado como “en peligro” por varios gobiernos de Norte América, cuyas pesquerías se han declarado agotadas a lo largo de la costa atlántica de los EEUU. Las causas de la reducción incluyen la fragmentación de la gobernanza, pérdida del acceso físico hacia y/o degradación de la calidad de los hábitats dulceacuícolas, arrastre letal hacia turbinas hidroeléctricas, cambios en las corrientes marinas y extracción excesiva. Existen grandes huecos de conocimiento en cuanto a la biología de la especie y la efectividad de los enfoques de manejo. Antes del colapso en la producción de anguila, en el lago Ontario y en la cuenca hidrológica Champlain del río San Lorenzo se producían cantidad de hembras de anguila grandes y fecundas que contribuían de forma desproporcionada a la reproducción de la especie en todo su rango. Por lo tanto, la disminución de amenazas clave en estas dos cuencas en particular, puede contribuir importantemente a la recuperación de la especie en todo su rango de distribución, desde Groenlandia hasta Venezuela.
Practical application of flavonoid-poor menu meals to the study of the bioavailability of bilberry anthocyanins in human subjects
Authors: Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Yoko , Tajima Sanae , Makino Yoshie , Wakasugi Yusuke , Shimoi Kayoko , Kobayashi Saori , Kumazawa Shigenori , Goda Toshinao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Practical application of flavonoid-poor menus was evaluated on the bioavailability of anthocyanins as model flavonoids. Detectable amounts of flavonoids were not found in plasma and urine collected from 13 participants, who took the menus. After ingesting bilberry anthocyanins (919 μmol), average plasma AUC0-6h, Cmax, Tmax values and urinary recovery were 386.0 nmol h/mL, 139.1 nM, 1.31 h and 0.21%, respectively.
Are threatened plant species specialists, or just more vulnerable to disturbance?
Authors: Monks Adrian , Burrows Larry 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Many studies report an association between species rarity and/or threat status, and habitat specialization. However, specialization is often inferred from a species' narrow realized range and may be confounded with landscape disturbance history.

We test whether threatened species are more specialized than non‐threatened plants using patterns of plant species turnover sampled at three occasions over 13 years in a lake shore ecosystem in Fiordland, New Zealand. If threatened plants are more specialized than non‐threatened plants, then we expect their rate of turnover to be higher than non‐threatened species in the same habitat across multiple time periods and changes to the disturbance gradient.

The first sampling occasion (1997) was associated with high water levels and a low rate of change in maximum inundation period with elevation. The second two sampling occasions (2005 & 2010) were associated with periods of lower water levels and steep hydrological gradients. Changes along the disturbance gradient created by shifts in the hydrological regime were associated with a movement of threatened and non‐threatened plants downslope (up to 0·8 m in elevation) and a decline in overall cover over the 13 years of the study. Threatened species had higher rates of turnover in only the last of the three sampling periods, suggesting that threatened species were not more likely to be habitat specialists than non‐threatened species.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that threatened plant species are less resilient to disturbance than non‐threatened species and that these plants were slower to expand their range from the short‐term contraction caused by perturbation to the hydrological gradient. Disturbance history has implications for patterns of turnover more generally, and we suggest that species resilience may be a useful conceptual tool to identify species at risk of decline and inform pre‐emptive management action.
Type 1 diabetes‐associated cognitive decline: A meta‐analysis and update of the current literature 1型糖尿病相关的认知能力下降：一项对最新文献的meta分析
Authors: Tonoli Cajsa , Heyman Elsa , Roelands Bart , Pattyn Nathalie , Buyse Luk , Piacentini Maria Francesca , Berthoin Serge , Meeusen Romain 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) can have a significant impact on brain structure and function, which is referred to as T1D‐associated cognitive decline (T1DACD). Diabetes duration, early onset disease, and diabetes‐associated complications are all proposed as factors contributing to T1DACD. However, there have been no comparisons in T1DACD between children and adults with T1D. To obtain a better insight into the occurrence and effects of T1DACD in T1D, the aim of the present meta‐analysis was to investigate differences between children and adults and to analyse factors contributing T1DACD.MethodsTwo electronic databases were consulted: PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Literature published up until the end of 2013 was included in the analysis. Effect sizes (Cohen's d), which are standardized differences between experimental and control groups, were calculated.ResultsThere was a small to modest decrease in cognitive performance in T1D patients compared with non‐diabetic controls. Children with T1D performed worse while testing for executive function, full intelligence quotient (IQ), and motor speed, whereas adults with T1D performed worse while testing the full, verbal and performance IQ, part of the executive function, memory, spatial memory, and motor speed. Episodes of severe hypoglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia, and age of onset can be significant factors influencing cognitive function in T1D.ConclusionsThe findings in the literature suggest that T1DACD is more severe in adults than children, indicating that age and diabetes duration contribute to this T1DACD.
Effects of climate change on species turnover and body mass frequency distributions ofSouthAfrican bird communities
Authors: Walther Bruno A. , van Niekerk Adriaan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractClimate change will lead to substantial shifts in species distributions. Most of the predictions of shifting distributions rely on modelling future distributions with ecological niche models. We used these models to investigate (i) the expected species turnover, loss and gain within bird communities of fourSouthAfrican biomes and (ii) the expected changes in the body mass frequency distributions of these communities. We used distributional data of theSouthernAfricanBirdAtlasProject, current climate data and two scenarios of future climate change for 2050 to build ensemble models of bird distributions. Our results indicate that future species loss, gain and turnover within the four biomes will be considerable. Climate change will also have statistically significant effects on body mass frequency distributions, and these effects differ substantially depending on the severity of future climate change. We discuss the possible ecological effects of these predicted changes on ecosystem interactions and functions.
Predictive Value of a Fragmented QRS Complex in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Akgul Ozgur , Uyarel Huseyin , Pusuroglu Hamdi , Surgit Ozgur , Turen Selahattin , Erturk Mehmet , Ayhan Erkan , Bulut Umit , Baycan Omer Faruk , Demir Ali Riza , Uslu Nevzat 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography (ECG) patients with acute ST‐segment elevation in myocardial infarction (STEMI), who are undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 414 consecutive STEMI patients (mean age of 55.2 ± 12.2 years old, range of 26–91‐years old) undergoing primary PCI. The study patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of fQRS as shown by ECG in the first 48 hours. The presence of fQRS group was defined as fQRS(+) (n = 91), and the absence of fQRS group was defined as the fQRS(–) (n = 323) group. Clinical characteristics and the one‐year outcome of the primary PCI were analyzed.ResultsThe patients in the fQRS(+) group were older (mean age 60.7 ± 12.5 vs. 53.6 ± 11.6 years old, P < 0.001). Higher one‐year all‐cause mortality rates were observed in the fQRS group upon ECG (23.1% vs. 2.5%, P < 0.001, respectively). When using the Cox multivariate analysis, the presence of fQRS on the ECG was found to be a powerful independent predictor of one‐year all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 5.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.43–19.2, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the presence of fQRS on ECG was associated with an increased in‐hospital cardiovascular mortality, and one‐year all‐cause mortality in patients with STEMI who are under primary PCI.
Evaluation of the impact of persistent subepithelial corneal infiltrations on the visual performance and corneal optical quality after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Aydin Kurna Sevda , Altun Ahmet , Oflaz Aynur , Karatay Arsan Aysu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeAim was to measure the effect of persistent subepithelial corneal infiltrates (SEIs) after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) on visual performance and corneal optical quality.MethodsWe examined 53 patients divided into two groups. Patients with previous EKC constituted the study group (Group 1, n: 27). Healthy age matched subjects constituted the control group (Group 2, n: 26). Study group was subdivided into eyes with SEI (Group 1A, 40 eyes) and healthy fellow eyes (Group 1B, 14 eyes). Patients were submitted to a complete examination including high‐ and low‐contrast visual acuities (HCVA, LCVA), corneal topography and aberrometry.ResultsThe mean interval between epidemic conjunctivitis and examination was 7.25 ± 5.63 months. Mean number of corneal infiltrates was 17.30 ± 14.38. The mean HCVA and LCVA were significantly lower in the eyes with SEI than fellow eyes and control group (p = 0.001). LCVA value was also worse in the fellow eyes when compared to control (p = 0.048). Corneal topography values were significantly higher in the eyes with SEI from both fellow eyes and control group. During corneal aberrometry, the mean root mean square value of spheric aberration, irregular astigmatism and total aberration were significantly higher in SEI group when compared to fellow eyes and control group (p < 0.05). Total aberrations were higher than control subjects in the fellow eyes. Trefoil aberration was higher in SEI group only when compared to control subjects, while there was no significant difference in coma aberration values between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionResults of this study suggested that visual performance is compromised in patients with EKC by aberrations and changes in topographic variables.
Histomorphometric study of the goat stomach during prenatal development
Authors: Garcia Angela , Rodriguez Pedro , Masot Javier , Franco Antonio , Redondo Eloy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the different structural tissue layers of the goat stomach to study their prenatal growth from mathematical models fitted to these morphometric data. A total of 90 embryos and fetuses were used, from the early stages of prenatal life until birth. The growth rate of the gastric wall was slower than that of body length; rumen was the stomach compartment displaying slowest growth. In the three non‐glandular compartments, the epithelial layer grew faster than the gastric wall itself, while the growth rate of the abomasal epithelium declined in the early stages of development. A decline in growth rate was also observed for the lamina propria and submucosa in rumen and reticulum from the early embryonic stages, whereas in omasum and abomasum these layers continued to grow as gestation progressed. The tunica muscularis displayed consistent growth in all compartments, growing faster than the gastric wall. Serosa thickness increased as gestation progressed, displaying a decline in growth‐rate only in the omasum. In conclusion, the dynamics of gastric wall growth were governed by the growth rate of each of the component tissue layers.
Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non‐diabetic controls
Authors: Bannister C. A. , Holden S. E. , Jenkins‐Jones S. , Morgan C. Ll. , Halcox J. P. , Schernthaner G. , Mukherjee J. , Currie C. J. 
Published: July 2014

AimsClinical and observational studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with sulphonylureas versus metformin. However, it has never been determined whether this was due to the beneficial effects of metformin or detrimental effects of sulphonylureas. The objective of this study was therefore to compare all‐cause mortality in diabetic patients treated first‐line with either sulphonylurea or metformin monotherapy with that in matched individuals without diabetes.MethodsWe used retrospective observational data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) from 2000. Subjects with type 2 diabetes who progressed to first‐line treatment with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy were selected and matched to people without diabetes. Progression to all‐cause mortality was compared using parametric survival models that included a range of relevant co‐variables.ResultsWe identified 78 241 subjects treated with metformin, 12 222 treated with sulphonylurea, and 90 463 matched subjects without diabetes. This resulted in a total, censored follow‐up period of 503 384 years. There were 7498 deaths in total, representing unadjusted mortality rates of 14.4 and 15.2, and 50.9 and 28.7 deaths per 1000 person‐years for metformin monotherapy and their matched controls, and sulphonylurea monotherapy and their matched controls, respectively. With reference to observed survival in diabetic patients initiated with metformin monotherapy [survival time ratio (STR) = 1.0], adjusted median survival time was 15% lower (STR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.81–0.90) in matched individuals without diabetes and 38% lower (0.62, 0.58–0.66) in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylurea monotherapy.ConclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes initiated with metformin monotherapy had longer survival than did matched, non‐diabetic controls. Those treated with sulphonylurea had markedly reduced survival compared with both matched controls and those receiving metformin monotherapy. This supports the position of metformin as first‐line therapy and implies that metformin may confer benefit in non‐diabetes. Sulphonylurea remains a concern.
Modulation of NADPH oxidase activity by known uraemic retention solutes
Authors: Schulz Anna Marta , Terne Cindy , Jankowski Vera , Cohen Gerald , Schaefer Mandy , Boehringer Falko , Tepel Martin , Kunkel Desiree , Zidek Walter , Jankowski Joachim ,   European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox)
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundUraemia and cardiovascular disease appear to be associated with an increased oxidative burden. One of the key players in the genesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Based on initial experiments demonstrating a decreased inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase activity in the presence of plasma from patients with CKD‐5D after dialysis compared with before dialysis, we investigated the effect of 48 known and commercially available uraemic retention solutes on the enzymatic activity of NADPH oxidase.MethodsMononuclear leucocytes isolated from buffy coats of healthy volunteers were isolated, lysed and incubated with NADH in the presence of plasma from healthy controls and patients with CKD‐5D. Furthermore, the leucocytes were lysed and incubated in the presence of uraemic retention solute of interest and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. The effect on enzymatic activity of NADPH oxidase was quantified within an incubation time of 120 min.ResultsThirty‐nine of the 48 uraemic retention solutes tested had a significant decreasing effect on NADPH oxidase activity. Oxalate has been characterized as the strongest inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (90% of DPI inhibition). Surprisingly, none of the uraemic retention solutes we investigated was found to increase NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, plasma from patients with CKD‐5D before dialysis caused significantly higher inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase activity compared with plasma from healthy subjects. However, this effect was significantly decreased in plasma from patients with CKD‐5D after dialysis.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that uraemic retention solutes modulated the activity of the NADPH oxidase. The results of this study might be the basis for the development of inhibitors applicable as drug in the situation of increased oxidative stress.
Cooperative investment in public goods is kin directed in communal nests of social birds
Authors: van Dijk René E. , Kaden Jennifer C. , Argüelles‐Ticó Araceli , Dawson Deborah A. , Burke Terry , Hatchwell Ben J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe tragedy of the commons predicts social collapse when public goods are jointly exploited by individuals attempting to maximize their fitness at the expense of other social group members. However, animal societies have evolved many times despite this vulnerability to exploitation by selfish individuals. Kin selection offers a solution to this social dilemma, but in large social groups mean relatedness is often low. Sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) live in large colonies that share the benefits of a massive communal nest, which requires individual investment for construction and maintenance. Here, we show that despite low mean kinship within colonies, relatives are spatially and socially clustered and that nest‐building males have higher local relatedness to other colony members than do non‐building males. Alternative hypotheses received little support, so we conclude that the benefits of the public good are shared with kin and that cooperative investment is, despite the large size and low relatedness of these communities, kin directed.