bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the causal effects of Eubacterium and Rumphococcus on constipation: a Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Jiang , He Feng , Du Wenchun , Yu Xianhao 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundConstipation is affected by a number of risk variables, including cardiovascular disease and growth factors. However, the impacts of gut flora on constipation incidence has not been shown. This work, Single-Variable Mendelian Randomization (SVMR) was utilized to estimate the causal relationship between the Eubacterium genus or Rumphococcus, and constipation.MethodsData for constipation, Eubacterium genus and Rumphococcus were taken from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU) open GWAS database. Including 218,792 constipation samples, and there were 16,380,466 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for constipation. The ids of Eubacterium genus and Rumphococcus were sourced from MiBioGen database. The sample count for the Eubacterium genus was 17,380, with 656 SNPs. In addition, the sample size for Rumphococcus was 15,339, with 545 SNPs. The SVMR was performed to assess the risk of Eubacterium genus and Rumphococcus in constipation using weighted median, MR Egger, simple mode, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and weighted mode. Finally, we did a sensitivity analysis that included a heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and Leave-One-Out (LOO) test to examine the viability of the MR data.ResultsThe SVMR revealed that the Eubacterium genus and Rumphococcus were causally connected to constipation, with Rumphococcus (P = 0.042, OR = 1.074) as a hazardous factor and Eubacterium genus (P = 0.004, OR = 0.909) as a safety factor. Sensitivity tests then revealed the absence of variability between the constipation and the exposure factors (Eubacterium genus and Rumphococcus). Additionally, there were no other confounding factors and the examined SNPs could only influence constipation through the aforementioned exposure factors, respectively. As a result, the MR results were fairly robust.ConclusionOur investigation verified the causal links between the Eubacterium genus or Rumphococcus, and constipation, with greater Rumphococcus expression increasing the likelihood of constipation and the opposite being true for the Eubacterium genus.
The effect of electrical stimulation in critical patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Lili , Li Fei , Zhang Xinyin , Song Yuying , Li Shuyan , Yao Huiping 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesWhile electrical stimulation has been demonstrated to improve medical research council (MRC) scores in critically ill patients, its effectiveness remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis aimed to discuss recent insights into the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in improving muscle strength and its effects on different clinical outcomes in critically ill adults.MethodsA comprehensive search of major electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, was conducted from inception to June 15, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of electrical stimulation in critically ill patients. The analysis focused on comparing electrical stimulation to standard care, sham interventions, or placebo. Outcomes of interest included MRC scores, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), mortality rate, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsA total of 23 RCTs, including 1798 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The findings demonstrated a significant benefit of electrical stimulation over usual care in enhancing global muscle strength, as measured by MRC scores (MD =3.62, 95% CI 0.94 to 6.30, p = 0.0008, I2 = 87%). While subgroup analysis of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) demonstrated no significant effect on ICU LOS, sensitivity analysis indicated a potential reduction in ICU LOS for both EMS (MD = −11.0, 95% CI −21.12 to −0.88, p = 0.03) and electrical stimulation overall (MD = −1.02, 95% CI −1.96 to −0.08, p = 0.03) compared to the control group. In addition, sensitivity analysis suggested that both electrical stimulation (MD = −2.38, 95% CI −3.81 to −0.94, p = 0.001) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) specifically (MD = −2.36, 95% CI −3.85 to −0.88, p = 0.002) may contribute to a decrease in hospital LOS. No statistically significant differences were observed in mortality or duration of MV.ConclusionElectrical stimulation appears to be an effective intervention for improving MRC scores in critically ill patients. However, further research is warranted to explain the potential effects of electrical stimulation on hospital LOS and ICU LOS.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.
The relation between Parkinson’s disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badawoud Amal Mohammad , Ali Lashin Saad , Abdallah Mahmoud S. , El Sabaa Ramy M. , Bahaa Mostafa M. , Elmasry Thanaa A. , Wahsh Eman , Yasser Mohamed , Eltantawy Nashwa , Eldesoqui Mamdouh , Hamouda Manal A. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological condition that typically shows up with aging. It is characterized by generalized slowness of movement, resting tremor or stiffness, and bradykinesia. PD patients’ brains mostly exhibit an increase in inflammatory mediators and microglial response. Nevertheless, a variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) offered neuroprotection in animal models and preclinical trials.Aim: The current systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to try to resolve the debate over the association of NSAID use with the development of PD because the results of several studies were somehow contradictory.Methods: An intense search was performed on Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for articles relating the incidence of PD to the use of NSAIDs. Statistical analysis of the included studies was carried out using Review Manager version 5.4.1 by random effect model. The outcome was identified as the development of PD in patients who were on NSAIDs, ibuprofen only, aspirin only, and non-aspirin NSAIDs. This was analyzed using pooled analysis of odds ratio (OR) at a significance level of ≤0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. A statistically significant decreased risk of PD was observed in patients taking NSAIDs, Ibuprofen, and non-aspirin NSAIDs.Results: The ORs of PD occurrence in patients who took NSAIDs, Ibuprofen, and non-aspirin NSAIDs were 0.88 [95% CI (0.8–0.97), p = 0.01], 0.73 [95% CI (0.53–1), p = 0.05] and 0.85 [95% CI (0.75–0.97), p = 0.01]. Meanwhile, the risk of PD in patients who took aspirin was not statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, Ibuprofen, non-aspirin NSAIDs, and other types of NSAIDs could be associated with a reduction in PD risk. However, there was no association between aspirin intake and the development of PD.
Pulmonary vascular adaptations to hypoxia in elite breath-hold divers
Authors: Kjeld Thomas , Isbrand Anders Brenøe , Arendrup Henrik Christian , Højberg Jens , Bejder Jacob , Krag Thomas O. , Vissing John , Tolbod Lars Poulsen , Harms Johannes Hendrik , Gormsen Lars Christian , Fuglø Dan , Hansen Egon Godthaab 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionElite breath-hold divers (BHD) possess several oxygen conserving adaptations to endure long dives similar to diving mammals. During dives, Bottlenose Dolphins may increase the alveolar ventilation (VA) to perfusion (Q) ratio to increase alveolar oxygen delivery. We hypothesized that BHD possess similar adaptive mechanisms during apnea.Methods and resultsPulmonary blood volume (PBV) was determined by echocardiography, 15O-H2O PET/CT, and cardiac MRi, (n = 6) during and after maximum apneas. Pulmonary function was determined by body box spirometry and compared to matched controls. After 2 min of apnea, the PBV determined by echocardiography and 15O-H2O-PET/CT decreased by 26% and 41%, respectively. After 4 min of apnea, the PBV assessed by echocardiography and cardiac MRi decreased by 48% and 67%, respectively (n = 6). Fractional saturation (F)O2Hb determined by arterial blood-gas-analyses collected after warm-up and a 5-minute pool-apnea (n = 9) decreased by 43%. Compared to matched controls (n = 8), spirometry revealed a higher total and alveolar-lung-capacity in BHD (n = 9), but a lower diffusion-constant.ConclusionOur results contrast with previous studies, that demonstrated similar lung gas transfer in BHD and matched controls. We conclude that elite BHD 1) have a lower diffusion constant than matched controls, and 2) gradually decrease PBV during apnea and in turn increase VA/Q to increase alveolar oxygen delivery during maximum apnea. We suggest that BHD possess pulmonary adaptations similar to diving mammals to tolerate decreasing tissue oxygenation.New and noteworthyThis manuscript addresses novel knowledge on tolerance to hypoxia during diving, which is shared by elite breath-hold divers and adult diving mammals: Our study indicates that elite breath-hold divers gradually decrease pulmonary blood volume and in turn increase VA/Q, to increase alveolar oxygen delivery during maximum apnea to tolerate decreasing oxygen levels similar to the Bottlenose Dolphin.
Enhancing reading speed: the reading acceleration effect in Italian adult readers
Authors: Zamfira Denisa Adina , Di Dona Giuseppe , Battista Martina , De Benedetto Francesco , Ronconi Luca 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionEnhancing reading efficiency is of paramount importance in various academic, professional and clinical domains. Previous research, mostly from a single laboratory, has shown that externally imposed time constraints by means of text fading can enhance reading fluency in children and adults with varying reading abilities and in different languages.MethodsIn the present study, we aimed at replicating and extending previous results in Italian readers. Three experiments (N = 90) were conducted: (i) to investigate the effects of continuous fading compared to character-wise fading, (ii) to investigate the influence of enlarged inter-letter spacing on reading acceleration outcomes, and (iii) to probe whether reading gains can be reliably observed off-line (after the acceleration) by comparing accelerated reading with an analog non-accelerated procedure.ResultsOverall, results corroborate previous findings revealing that participants read 40% faster during the reading acceleration procedure, while maintaining the same accuracy levels. Continuous fading proved to be more effective than character-wise fading in enhancing reading speed, while larger inter-letter spacing did not significantly affect the reading speed gain. Albeit the non-clinical nature of our sample and its numerosity circumscribe the potential generalization, taking into account individual differences in the initial reading time, data suggests that reading acceleration leads to larger off-line speed increments with respect to non-accelerated reading.DiscussionTaken together, these findings offer valuable insights for the future application of reading acceleration procedures as part of multisession training programs for improving reading proficiency in a diverse range of clinical and non-clinical populations.
Attachment and propensity for reporting compassionate opportunities and behavior in everyday life
Authors: Varley Deanna , Sherwell Chase S. , Kirby James N. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionResearchers have identified links between anxious and avoidant attachments and difficulties with self-compassion, giving others compassion, and receiving compassion. However, while compassion requires both awareness of opportunities for compassion and compassionate action, little is known about attachment-related differences in reporting compassionate opportunities. Further, most research relies on retrospective-reports that may not accurately assess compassionate behaviors in everyday life.MethodConsequently, we collected 2,757 experience sampling survey responses from 125 participants (95 women, 27 men, 3 non-binary, Mage = 18.74, SDage = 1.66) to investigate whether attachment anxiety, avoidance, or their interaction were associated with differences in propensity for reporting compassionate opportunities, actions, and emotional responses to opportunities in everyday life across self-compassion, giving compassion, and receiving compassion.ResultsAnxiety was associated with greater likelihood of reporting all types of compassionate opportunities and less positive responses to opportunities to receive compassion. Avoidance was associated with less likelihood of reporting opportunities to give and receive compassion and less positive responses to opportunities to give compassion. Those high in anxiety but simultaneously low in avoidance reported fewer self-compassionate actions, but we identified no further differences in compassionate action.DiscussionThis study highlights the potential role of awareness of compassionate opportunities in attachment-related differences in compassion.
Factors associated with teachers’ intention to leave their profession: teacher portraits from two European countries
Authors: Martinsone Baiba , Rutkienė Aušra , Žydžiūnaite Vilma 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionTurnover of teachers is an mportant factor that impedes building and maintaining sustainable positive pedagogical practices to facilitate students’ adjustment. The aim of this study was to elicit a portrait of teachers wanting to leave their profession.MethodsThe research sample comprised 784 teachers from two European countries, namely 357 teachers from Latvia and 427 from Lithuania. Teachers were surveyed on their perceived stress, burnout, and intentions to leave their work alongside socio-demographic variables (age and work experience).ResultsIt was found that although teachers in both countries reported moderate stress and burnout levels, Lithuanian teachers indicated higher levels of two burnout dimensions, namely exhaustion and inadequacy. However, Latvian teachers indicated significantly higher turnover intentions. The portrait of teachers who intended to leave their profession was different in both countries. An unexpected finding was that Latvian teachers with a higher desire to leave their profession indicated lower stress and burnout rates. They were mostly 45–64 years old and had more than 25 years of work experience. In Lithuania, teachers’ intention to leave their work was reported by older and more experienced teachers experiencing higher stress and burnout.DiscussionThe findings highlight the need to consistently support the professional well-being of educators, both for committed teachers who want to stay in their profession and for those who might experience some detachment from their work at school.
Dark Patterns and Epistemic Ignorance: an Educational Crisis
Authors: Stockman  , Wilson Richard 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we discuss how online AI stimulates epistemic ignorance. Early visions of online information search and retrieval processes proposed a utopian and empowering space for individuals. Today’s crisis paradoxically presents us with an unprecedented accumulation of new information and access to it, yet also the colonisation of this knowledge by those who seek to erode critical thought. By ‘epistemic ignorance’, we mean the condition which is systematically created by the patterns of mis- and disinformation that prevent knowledge seekers from gaining verified knowledge. We argue not only has the ‘knower’ or knowledge seeker become the ‘known’ (sometimes without knowing it), their ability ‘to know’ is also intentionally manipulated by dark patterns. Moreover, their ‘known’ status allows for their subtle indoctrination, and erosion of criticality. This makes the crisis an educational one. To illustrate, we consider epistemic mechanisms on Facebook pertaining to the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic. We contend these ‘dark AI patterns’ intentionally aim for systemic indoctrination, and affective indoctrination, by engaging in the construction of epistemic ignorance. Our focus is on the political agenda; which is common in the wider discussion of indoctrination in education. Many educational philosophers have taken a critical interest in the power of education to indoctrinate. The formal educational space is an effective vehicle to do so – and now the informal education we receive through social media is as well. Through algorithms, we are taught to think a certain way. This new crisis has not yet been considered an educational one, while in every moment, the coercive powers of online AI drive audiences towards greater uncritical acceptance of knowledge and information. Perhaps we can reverse the educational oppression with the introduction of ‘light patterns’.
CalRiVaGI Program: Calculating the Risk of Infectious Complications in Reconstructive Vascular Surgery
Authors: Попель Г.А. , Моисеенко И.А. 
Published: July 2024

Цель. Разработать программу для расчета риска развития инфекционных осложнений при выполнении реконструктивных операций на аорто-бедренном сегменте. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 278 пациентов после реконструктивных операций на аорто-бедренном сегменте, среди которых у 177 были диагностированы инфекционные осложнения. Для построения прогностической модели использована бинарная логистическая регрессия с функцией пошагового включения и исключения на основании значения информационного критерия Akaike. Результаты регрессионного анализа представлены в виде β-коэффициента, отношения шансов с 95%-ным доверительным интервалом (95% ДИ). Оценку мультиколлинеарности проводили с помощью коэффициента инфляции дисперсии. Для оценки прогностической способности модели выполняли ROC-анализ. Результаты. Пороговое значение для стратификации пациентов по группам риска развития инфекционных осложнений составило 63,2%. Точность модели при этом равна 84,5%, чувствительность – 74,4%, специфичность – 93,3%. Площадь под ROC-кривой составила 0,895 (95% ДИ 0,845–0,944). Заключение. В ходе исследования разработана оригинальная модель компьютерной программы для оценки риска развития возможных инфекционных осложнений у пациентов, которым предстоит выполнение реконструктивных операций на аорто-бедренном сегменте.
Purpose. To develop a program for calculating the risk of infectious complications after reconstructive surgery of the aorto-femoral segment. Materials and methods. The study included 278 patients after aorto-femoral reconstructive surgery, of whom 177 were diagnosed with infectious complications. Binary logistic regression with a stepwise inclusion/exclusion function based on the Akaike Information Criterion values was used to construct the predictive model. The results of the regression analysis are presented as beta coefficients and odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Multicollinearity was estimated using variance inflation factor. ROC analysis was performed to measure the predictive ability of the model. Results. The cut-off value for stratification of patients by risk group for infectious complications was 63.2%. The accuracy of the model was 84.5%, sensitivity 74.4%, and specificity 93.3%; the area under the ROC curve was 0.895 (95% CI 0.845–0.944). Сonclusion. In the course of the study, a unique model was developed to assess the risk of infectious complications in patients after reconstructive surgery of the aorto-femoral segment.
KETIMPANGAN ANTARA REHABILITASI DAN PEMENJARAAN DALAM PENANGANAN KASUS NARKOTIKA: TINJAUAN DISKRESI
Authors: Sulistiandriatmoko Sulistiandriatmoko , Zulfa Eva Achjani , Ramadhan Jelang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAKMasalah penyalahgunaan narkoba masih menjadi beban besar dalam penanganan kasus kriminal di Indonesia, terutama dengan adanya tuduhan terjadinya penyimpangan yang dilakukan oleh aparat kepolisian dalam pelaksanaan penyidikan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis bagaimana diskresi digunakan oleh Penyidik Polri dalam kasus penyalahgunaan narkotika, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, dan upaya penataan ulang yang diperlukan agar penggunaan diskresi menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini merupakan gabungan dari penelitian hukum empiris dan normatif, sementara analisis datanya menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kajian empiris dilakukan dengan mewawancarai Penyidik Polri, Klien Rehabilitasi Wajib, dan Anggota Tim Asesmen Terpadu. Sedangkan kajian normatif mengacu pada norma dan tolok ukur batasan diskresi yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) dan Undang-Undang Kepolisian, konsep teoritis tentang diskresi dan pendapat ahli hukum. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan diskresi masih kurang tepat karena belum sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam KUHAP dan Undang-Undang Kepolisian, kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan rekonfigurasi yang menyeluruh agar penggunaan diskresi oleh Penyidik POLRI lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor kunci yang menyebabkan kesalahan dalam penggunaan diskresi, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan praktik tersebut. ABSTRACTThe issue of drug abuse remains a significant challenge in handling criminal cases in Indonesia, exacerbated by alleged irregularities among police officers during investigations. This study investigates the discretion exercised by Police Investigators in drug abuse cases, examining influencing factors and proposing reconfiguration efforts for improved discretion usage. Employing a combination of empirical and normative legal research methods, data analysis involves both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Empirical research involves interviews with Police Investigators, Mandatory Rehabilitation Clients, and Integrated Assessment Team Members, while normative analysis refers to legal frameworks such as the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and the Police Act, alongside theoretical concepts and legal expert opinions on discretion. Findings reveal inadequate discretion in employment, diverging from legal provisions, influenced by internal and external factors. Addressing this, a comprehensive reconfiguration is essential to enhance Police Investigators' discretion usage. The study aims to pinpoint key factors contributing to discretion misuse and offer recommendations for its improvement, emphasizing alignment with legal norms and procedural requirements.
The Implementation English Songs on Listening Skills
Authors: Albadri Albadri , Lulu’ Diana  
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to know impelemantion of English song on listening skills in language room Ma’had Aly at Islamic boarding house of Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo”. The researcher used qualitative method. This research uses data collection methods. The aim of this research were to know about both teacher and students perception through English song on skill of listening. The topic of this study was speaking teacher and students’ at the first level in language room Ma’had Aly at the Islamic Boarding House of Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo. The results of this study demonstrated how learning and instruction through board games might improve speaking abilities and teachers' perceptions of, and students’ perception. Many students who took part in a teacher-student interview indicated that they had favorable opinions about the through English song on listening skill they were being happy, more spirit/enthusiastic, easier to understand, and improving their speaking skill, whereas there was also the negative perception such as: students feel difficult when the pronunciation was unclear.