bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Function Is Associated With Peak Exercise Capacity in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bjornstad Petter , Cree-Green Melanie , Baumgartner Amy , Maahs David M. , Cherney David Z. , Pyle Laura , Regensteiner Judith G. , Reusch Jane E. , Nadeau Kristen J. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease are strongly related in adults with type 1 diabetes, yet little is known about this relationship in adolescents prior to the onset of detectable clinical disease. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary fitness would be directly associated with albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and inversely related to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-nine adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 13 nondiabetic control subjects of similar pubertal stage and BMI had insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate [GIR]), measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and lean body mass, measured by DEXA. Cardiopulmonary fitness was measured by cycle ergometry to obtain peak volume of oxygen (VO2peak), and renal function was measured by eGFR using the Bouvet equation (measuring creatinine and cystatin C levels) and ACR.

RESULTS
Adolescents (15.5 ± 2.2 years of age) with type 1 diabetes (6.3 ± 3.8 years diabetes duration) had reduced VO2peak (31.5 ± 6.3 vs. 36.2 ± 7.9 mL/kg ⋅ min, P = 0.046) and VO2peak/lean kg (43.7 ± 7.0 vs. 51.0 ± 8.6 mL/lean kg ⋅ min, P = 0.007) compared with nondiabetic control subjects. eGFR was inversely associated with VO2peak and VO2peak/lean kg after adjusting for sex, Tanner stage, GIR, HbA1c level, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol level (β ± SE, VO2peak: −0.19 ± 0.07, P = 0.02; VO2peak/lean kg: −0.19 ± 0.09, P = 0.048). Moreover, participants in the highest tertile for eGFR had significantly lower sex- and Tanner-adjusted VO2peak and VO2peak/lean kg compared with participants in the lowest tertile.

CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes had reduced exercise capacity, which was strongly associated with renal health, independent of insulin sensitivity. Future studies should examine the underlying interrelated pathophysiology in order to identify probable targets for treatment to reduce cardiovascular and renal complications.
Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Long-Term Child Health
Authors: Landon Mark B. , Rice Madeline Murguia , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Biggio Joseph R. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Saade George , Peaceman Alan M. , Blackwell Sean C. , VanDorsten J. Peter 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers sustained offspring health benefits, including a lower frequency of obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Follow-up study of children (ages 5–10) of women enrolled in a multicenter trial of treatment versus no treatment of mild GDM. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were measured.

RESULTS
Five hundred of 905 eligible offspring (55%) were enrolled. Maternal baseline characteristics were similar between the follow-up treated and untreated groups. The frequencies of BMI ≥95th (20.8% and 22.9%) and 85th (32.6% and 38.6%) percentiles were not significantly different in treated versus untreated offspring (P = 0.69 and P = 0.26). No associations were observed for BMI z score, log waist circumference, log triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, or log HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The effect of treatment was different by sex for fasting glucose and log HOMA-IR (P for interaction = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively) but not by age-group (5–6 and 7–10 years) for any outcomes. Female offspring of treated women had significantly lower fasting glucose levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Although treatment for mild GDM has been associated with neonatal benefits, no reduction in childhood obesity or metabolic dysfunction in the offspring of treated women was found. However, only female offspring of women treated for mild GDM had lower fasting glucose.
Development and Validity of the Questionnaire of Patients' Experiences in Postacute Outpatient Physical Therapy Settings
Authors: Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , del Baño-Aledo María Elena , Martínez-Payá Jacinto Javier , Lillo-Navarro María Carmen , Escolar-Reina Pilar 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundPatient feedback surveys are increasingly seen as a key component of health care quality monitoring and improvement.ObjectiveThe study objective was to describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of a fixed-length questionnaire about the experiences of patients receiving physical therapist treatment in postacute outpatient settings.DesignThis was an instrument development study with validity and reliability testing.MethodsA total of 465 participants attending 3 rehabilitation centers for musculoskeletal conditions completed the questionnaire. A cognitive pretest was applied to the draft version (n=94), and a revised version was evaluated for test-retest reliability (n=90). Analyses to evaluate variance and nonresponse rates for items, the factor structure of the questionnaire, and the metric properties of multi-item scales were conducted.ResultsExploratory factor analyses yielded evidence for a 7-factor structure of the questionnaire, with 3 factors that may be conceptually viewed as professionals' attitudes and behavior (providing information and education, sensitivity to patients' changes, and emotional support) and 4 factors that conceptually reflect organizational environment (duration of attendance, interruptions during care delivery, waiting times, and patient safety). Item-scale correlations ranged from .70 to .93. The percentage of scaling success was 100% for all of the scales. Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from .70 to .87. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .57 to .80 (median=.68).LimitationsGeneralization to other patients is not known.ConclusionsThe questionnaire has test-retest reliability, and the scales have internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. All of the scales are distinct and unidimensional.
Treatment by specialist surgical neurooncologists improves survival times for patients with malignant glioma
Authors: Khan Ursalan A. , Bhavsar Amar , Asif Hasan , Karabatsou Konstantina , Leggate James R. S. , Sofat Ajit , Kamaly-Asl Ian D. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Surgeries for CNS tumors are frequently performed by general neurosurgeons and by those who specialize in surgical neurooncology. Subspecialization in neurosurgical practice has become common and may improve patient morbidity and mortality rates. However, the potential benefits for patients of having their surgeries performed by surgical neurooncologists remain unclear. Recently, a shift in patient care to those who practice predominantly surgical neurooncology has been promoted. Evidence for this practice is lacking and therefore requires fundamental investigation.

METHODS
The authors conducted a case-control study of neurooncology patients who underwent surgery for glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma during 2006–2009. Outcomes were compared for patients whose surgery was performed by general neurosurgeons (generalists) or by specialist neurooncology neurosurgeons (specialists). An electronic record database and a picture archiving and communication system were used to collect data and assess the extent of tumor resection. Mortality rates and survival times were compared. Patient comorbidity and postoperative morbidity were assessed by using the Waterlow, patient handling, and falls risk assessment scores. Effects of case mix were adjusted for by using Cox regression and a hazards model.

RESULTS
Outcomes for 135 patients (65 treated by generalists and 70 by specialists) were analyzed. Survival times were longer for patients whose surgery was performed by specialists (p = 0.026) and after correction for case mix (p = 0.019). Extent of tumor resection was greater when performed by specialists (p = 0.005) and correlated with increased survival times (p = 0.004). There was a trend toward reduced surgical deaths when surgery was performed by specialists (2.8%) versus generalists (7%) (p = 0.102), and inpatient stays were significantly shorter when surgery was performed by specialists (p = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
The prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme remains dire, and improved treatments are urgently needed. This study provides evidence for a survival benefit when surgery is performed by specialist neurooncology neurosurgeons. The benefit might be attributable to increased tumor resection. Furthermore, specialist neurooncology surgical care may reduce the number of surgical patient deaths and length of inpatient stay. These findings support the recommendations for subspecialization within surgical neurooncology and advocate for care of these patients by specialists.
Attrition rates in neurosurgery residency: analysis of 1361 consecutive residents matched from 1990 to 1999
Authors: Lynch Gabrielle , Nieto Karina , Puthenveettil Saumya , Reyes Marleen , Jureller Michael , Huang Jason H. , Grady M. Sean , Harris Odette A. , Ganju Aruna , Germano Isabelle M. , Pilitsis Julie G. , Pannullo Susan C. , Benzil Deborah L. , Abosch Aviva , Fouke Sarah J. , Samadani Uzma 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The objective of this study is to determine neurosurgery residency attrition rates by sex of matched applicant and by type and rank of medical school attended.

METHODS
The study follows a cohort of 1361 individuals who matched into a neurosurgery residency program through the SF Match Fellowship and Residency Matching Service from 1990 to 1999. The main outcome measure was achievement of board certification as documented in the American Board of Neurological Surgery Directory of Diplomats. A secondary outcome measure was documentation of practicing medicine as verified by the American Medical Association DoctorFinder and National Provider Identifier websites. Overall, 10.7% (n = 146) of these individuals were women. Twenty percent (n = 266) graduated from a top 10 medical school (24% of women [35/146] and 19% of men [232/1215], p = 0.19). Forty-five percent (n = 618) were graduates of a public medical school, 50% (n = 680) of a private medical school, and 5% (n = 63) of an international medical school. At the end of the study, 0.2% of subjects (n = 3) were deceased and 0.3% (n = 4) were lost to follow-up.

RESULTS
The total residency completion rate was 86.0% (n = 1171) overall, with 76.0% (n = 111/146) of women and 87.2% (n = 1059/1215) of men completing residency. Board certification was obtained by 79.4% (n = 1081) of all individuals matching into residency between 1990 and 1999. Overall, 63.0% (92/146) of women and 81.3% (989/1215) of men were board certified. Women were found to be significantly more at risk (p < 0.005) of not completing residency or becoming board certified than men. Public medical school alumni had significantly higher board certification rates than private and international alumni (82.2% for public [508/618]; 77.1% for private [524/680]; 77.8% for international [49/63]; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in attrition for graduates of top 10–ranked institutions versus other institutions. There was no difference in number of years to achieve neurosurgical board certification for men versus women.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, neurosurgery training attrition rates are low. Women have had greater attrition than men during and after neurosurgery residency training. International and private medical school alumni had higher attrition than public medical school alumni.
Comparative effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters in the treatment of adult and pediatric hydrocephalus: analysis of 12,589 consecutive cases from 287 US hospital systems
Authors: Parker Scott L. , McGirt Matthew J. , Murphy Jeffrey A. , Megerian J. Thomas , Stout Michael , Engelhart Luella 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The real-world effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters to reduce the incidence of shunt infections is still debated. The literature to date consists mostly of small, single-institution studies. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of infection for antibiotic-impregnated catheters (AICs) versus standard shunt catheters in a large nationwide administrative database.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed hospital discharge and billing records from the Premier Perspective Database from April 2003 to July 2009 to identify all adult and pediatric patients undergoing de novo ventricular shunt placement. The primary end point was the incidence of shunt infection within 1 year of implantation. Multivariate logistical regression was performed to determine factors associated with increased incidence of infection.

RESULTS
A total of 10,819 adult (AIC, 963; standard catheter, 9856) and 1770 pediatric (AIC, 229; standard catheter, 1541) patients underwent ventricular shunt placement in 287 US hospitals. Overall, the incidence of infection was 3.5% in adults (n = 380) and 6.6% in pediatric patients (n = 116). AICs were associated with significant reduction in infection for both adult (2.2% vs 3.6%, p = 0.02) and pediatric (2.6% vs 7.1%, p < 0.01) patients. AIC use was associated with reduced infection regardless of hospital size, annual shunt volume, hospital location, or patient risk factors and remained associated with a reduced infection in multivariate analysis for both adult (p = 0.02) and pediatric (p = 0.02) patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters was associated with a reduction in shunt infections for both adult and pediatric patients. This provides further support that AICs may represent a reliable means of reducing shunt infections for both adult and pediatric patients.
Distal spinal cord stimulation in infants with myelomeningoceles: preliminary study
Authors: Albright A. Leland 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The purpose of this study of infants with myelomeningoceles was to evaluate the effect of stimulation of the distal spinal cord, proximal to the neural placode, on functioning lower-extremity muscles distal to the placode.

METHODS
In 13 infants with lumbosacral myelomeningoceles, the lateral spinal cord was stimulated, with a monopolar probe, between its exit from the spinal canal and the neural placode. Responses of functional muscles in the lower extremities were monitored with a neural integrity monitor.

RESULTS
Stimulation of the lateral spinal cord resulted in no contraction of lower-extremity muscles in 7 of 13 infants in whom no nerves exited the cord between the spinal canal and the neural placode. In those with exiting nerves in that location, stimulation of the cord resulted in the contraction of functional muscles. Distal cordectomies at the junction between the spinal cord and the neural placode, distal to any nerve roots exiting from the cord, resulted in no loss of movement.

CONCLUSIONS
Monopolar stimulation of the lateral spinal cord does not seem to cause contraction of functional lower-extremity muscles unless nerve roots to the lower extremities exit the cord distal to the spinal canal but before its junction with the neural placode. Muscle contraction in cases in which nerve roots exit the spinal cord between the canal and the placode may be caused by the spread of current from the monopolar stimulator.
Un pionnier de la psychiatrie de l'enfant : Marcel Manheimer (1870-1936) ou Marcel Gommès, auteur du premier Précis de psychiatrie infantile
Authors: Tiberghien Denis 
Published: November 2014

La discipline clinique de la psychiatrie infanto-juvénile a été créée au xix e siècle à une période où se manifestait un intérêt croissant pour la connaissance des phénomènes psychologiques et de son développement chez l’enfant. Marcel Manheimer (1870-1936) nous est familier par son ouvrage : Les troubles mentaux de l’enfance. Un « Précis de psychiatrie infantile », influencé par la psychiatrie allemande, où l’on trouve la première classification des troubles psychiques de l’enfant dépassant le simple cadre de l’idiotie, de l’imbécillité et de l’arriération accordant une place importante à l’hérédité mais prenant en considération l’environnement dans l’apparition des troubles mentaux. Entré au lycée Condorcet en 1881 et sorti en 1889 avec ses deux baccalauréats, il y croisera Marcel Proust (1871-1922). Externe des hôpitaux de Paris (1892) puis successivement interne des Asiles de la Seine (1894), médecin d’un dispensaire de bienfaisances (1898), chef de clinique des maladies mentales à Sainte-Anne (1899), médecin des hôpitaux et médecin adjoint à la Préfecture de la Seine (1900), médecin inspecteur des écoles (1910) il sera professeur du cours normal ménager de la Ville de Paris en 1923. Manheimer a tracé son parcours du temps où l’axe fort de la politique républicaine était l’hygiénisme. Dès 1901, il ouvrira le dispensaire d’hygiène mental Théophile Roussel à Paris dans le 18 e arrondissement. L’assistance psychiatrique, l’hygiène mental, scolaire et social ont été de ses préoccupations. Intéressé à la clinique de l’écriture, il définira la graphopathologie. Moins connu que les Bourneville, Jules Voisin, Sollier, Roubinovich, Dupré, il décédait quelques mois avant l’ouverture du premier congrès de psychiatrie de l’enfant (1937) qui s’est tenu à Paris sous les auspices de Georges Heuyer. Marcel Manheimer qui, à partir de 1918 se dénommait officiellement sous le patronyme Marcel Gommès, fait parti de ces pionniers de la psychiatrie infantile.
La production de connaissances en temps de crise sanitaire
Authors: Forster Paul , Charnoz Olivier 
Published: November 2014

Passant en revue les efforts pour contrôler la grippe aviaire en Indonésie entre 2005 et 2010, le présent article examine pourquoi la réponse financée et mise au point par la communauté internationale s’est, à l’origine, essentiellement focalisée sur les petits élevages de volaille de basse-cour, excluant ou exonérant ainsi un secteur industriel important et peu réglementé de la responsabilité d’endiguer la propagation et la persistance du phénomène. Un certain nombre d’a priori pesant sur les agences nationales et internationales est identifié qui a contribué à fausser la production des connaissances et a conduit à se concentrer sur les petits éleveurs plutôt que sur toutes les parties prenantes concernées. Ceci inclut l’admission trop rapide de la « biosécurité » comme inhérente à la production industrielle de volaille, le parti pris de politiques de développement axées sur les plus pauvres, l’absence de volonté de coordination des secteurs public et privé, et une définition de la santé basée plutôt sur la santé de l’homme que sur la santé animale. Ces a priori ont été renforcés par les modalités et les incitations organisationnelles propres des donateurs et des organisations chargées de la mise en œuvre. Pour traiter plus efficacement les urgences sanitaires mondiales, les procédures de gouvernance sanitaire globale et nationale doivent mieux prendre en compte la manière dont les connaissances sont produites et utilisées en temps de crise.
Dynamiques de formation internationale et production d’élites académiques au Mexique
Authors: Gérard Étienne 
Published: November 2014

Au Mexique, 10 % de l’ensemble des enseignants-chercheurs sont membres du système national des chercheurs (SNI), un système particulièrement sélectif et méritocratique. L’article montre que l’internationalisation des formations structure depuis des décennies le champ scientifique et d’enseignement supérieur mexicain. Cependant les champs disciplinaires (áreas) sont inégalement marqués tant en termes de structuration que de savoirs par la mobilité pour étude vers les pôles étrangers de formation. Sur le marché international de la formation, certains pôles de formation paraissent dominants ou, au contraire, secondaires. Le corps des chercheurs du SNI est également hiérarchisé en fonction de ces pôles de formation : les études à l’étranger représentent un critère de distinction et un facteur de progression plus rapide dans la carrière scientifique. L’article émet enfin l’hypothèse d’une réduction progressive des hiérarchies, non seulement entre pôles dans l’espace international de formation, mais également entre chercheurs selon le pays d’obtention de leur doctorat. En définitive, on assisterait à un processus de différenciation moindre des membres du SNI selon leurs trajectoires de formation et à un processus conjoint de recomposition des élites scientifiques mexicaines.
Compter les virus, observer les oiseaux
Authors: Keck Frédéric 
Published: November 2014

On compare ici l’usage des bases de données par des virologues et des observateurs d’oiseaux dans le contexte de la mobilisation contre la grippe aviaire à Hong Kong. Échappant au cadre étatique de centralisation du savoir, ces groupes ont participé à la constitution d’une « sentinelle », qui rend visibles les mutations des virus de grippe dans le réservoir animal. On étudie en particulier la tension entre les données codées et les images dans la communication de ce savoir, pour montrer que la base de données opère un décalage dans la production de savoir.
La prescription du travail en gestion de projet
Authors: Bensoussan Mathieu 
Published: November 2014

L’article analyse le contenu et l’élaboration de la prescription en matière de gestion de projet dans deux filiales d’un groupe industriel. Il montre comment chacune « s’approprie » les compétences individuelles de ses chefs de projet, puis s’en sert pour prescrire leur travail. Mais l’article montre aussi que ce « transfert » de leurs compétences (vers l’organisation) améliore leur aptitude à gérer des projets et que le partage de leurs bonnes pratiques avec leurs collègues, en renforçant leur réputation, peut leur permettre d’obtenir de l’avancement dans leurs carrières.
Pratiques d’ingénierie
Authors: Vinck Dominique 
Published: November 2014

L’article rappelle les principales contributions qui relèvent de l’étude sociale de l’ingénierie (engineering studies), dont il rend compte du façonnage historique des pratiques et des savoirs. Il dresse ensuite l’état de l’art de nos connaissances portant sur la production et la mobilisation de savoirs formels et informels en ingénierie : les savoirs reçus en formation ; la pensée calculatoire, modélisatrice et formalisatrice ; les types de savoirs, dont leur nature sociotechnique ; les savoirs de coordination, de prescription, de communication ; leur constitution sociopolitique et les enjeux de l’innovation.