bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectoires paysagères et crises morphosédimentaires de cônes torrentiels dans la vallée de la Maurienne (Savoie) depuis la fin du Petit Âge glaciaire
Authors: Hugerot Thérèse , Astrade Laurent , Gauchon Christophe 
Published: July 2024

Pour reconstituer les dynamiques géohistoriques des environnements de montagne, il faut identifier les lieux qui sont les plus susceptibles d’enregistrer les changements naturels et anthropiques. Quatre cônes torrentiels ont été choisis dans la vallée de la Maurienne (Alpes françaises du Nord) en raison de leur diversité d’occupation des sols et de paysages. La mobilisation de nombreuses archives cadastrales, cartographiques, photographiques et techniques, entre le xviiie et le xxe siècle a permis d’élaborer un système d’informations géohistoriques susceptible de rendre compte et de caractériser des trajectoires paysagères de ces quatre cônes depuis le Petit Âge glaciaire. Les pulsations de l’activité torrentielle, les crises morphosédimentaires, l’industrialisation de la vallée et la déprise rurale, les grands aménagements routiers, ferroviaires et hydroélectriques, et les dynamiques d’urbanisation (et de reconstruction après-guerre) sont autant d’éléments à prendre en compte pour reconstituer ces trajectoires singulières. Au-delà des particularités des quatre cônes étudiés, six grandes phases d’évolution paysagère sont identifiées, faisant alterner endommagements liés aux laves torrentielles et périodes d’accalmie. La progression des friches sur les cônes et l’artificialisation des berges des torrents caractérisent la situation actuelle.
Des SIG aux observations de terrain : étude de la « trame jardinée potagère » dans les petites villes du Vexin français
Authors: Rich Flora , Petit-Berghem Yves 
Published: July 2024

La question de la résilience alimentaire des villes entraîne un intérêt croissant pour le jardin potager. Les espaces peu denses, qui possèdent un foncier cultivable important, sont peu étudiés. Nous examinons le cas de cinq petites villes franciliennes, dont quatre sont localisées dans le PNR du Vexin français. Grâce à une cartographie SIG diachronique et une enquête exploratoire, nous avons conçu un outil méthodologique, la « trame jardinée potagère », qui nous permet d’analyser la trajectoire de jardins potagers privés sans maison, cultivés sur les anciennes « ceintures vertes » des petites villes. Nos résultats montrent que l’existence de ces jardins est chevillée à une culture manuelle associée aux catégories populaires, et que leur renouvellement s’essouffle. La sécurisation du foncier non bâti prônée par le PNR ne semble alors pas suffire à maintenir la fonction nourricière des ceintures vertes. Imaginer de nouvelles politiques publiques autour du partage de jardins privés peut être une piste de réflexion. Dans cette perspective, la carte de la trame jardinée pourrait constituer le support d’une synergie territoriale autour d’un renouveau du jardin potager.
Le bleu du front de mer
Authors: Foulquier Éric , Ferrari Alice 
Published: July 2024

Un déterminisme de l’urbanité insulaire tropicale pourrait instaurer un rapport étroit entre le fait urbain et le fait maritime. Située au bord de la mer, dans la douceur des alizés, la ville caribéenne, forcément portuaire, disposerait ainsi d’emblée d’un front de mer comme structure fondamentale de son espace public. Or, il n’en est rien, et nombre d’observations nous rapportent que ces espaces de contact ont été progressivement marginalisés, abandonnés aux occupations informelles, à la déshérence industrielle. Tel est le cas de Pointe-à-Pitre, dont le front de mer est aujourd’hui particulièrement contraint par un palimpseste d’occupations, où la circulation l’emporte sur la déambulation, où le gris rouillé du bâti domine largement le bleu des horizons marins. Pour objectiver cette relation atrophiée, la contribution propose une analyse colorimétrique du paysage maritime vu à hauteur de passant lorsque celui-ci longe la mer, à partir d’un inventaire photographique de type panoramique. Chacune des photographies fait l’objet d’un carroyage dont sont extraites des valeurs colorimétriques selon trois méthodes distinctes : valeur dominante, valeur moyenne, analyse sensible. Cette métrique paysagère, à partir de la couleur perçue, permet de démontrer que le front de mer pointois présente une accessibilité particulièrement restreinte au paysage maritime. Le front de mer n’est pas si bleu dans la grande ville guadeloupéenne. Cet inventaire linéaire du paysage maritime ambitionne une réflexion sur la trajectoire urbaine de la ville portuaire.
Logiciel SIG et pratique de terrain : quel positionnement de l’outil cartographique pour les acteurs du paysage ?
Authors: Olivier Sophie-Anne 
Published: July 2024

Cet article appréhende le paysage au regard de la pratique de terrain (physique et social) et de la manière dont l’outil système d’information géographique (SIG) joue un rôle de médiateur. Comment le SIG reconfigure-t-il le rapport au terrain ? Comment, tant d’un point de vue quantitatif que qualitatif, l’expérience du terrain a-t-elle changé ? Après un état des lieux de la pratique de terrain des utilisateurs, l’article montre comment l’usage du SIG (et des outils associés comme le drone par exemple) crée une distanciation paradoxale au terrain et joue un rôle de médiateur. Le propos repose sur deux types de matériaux complémentaires. Le premier est une conférence utilisateur (structurée autour de quatre retours d’expérience suivis d’une table ronde animée par Thierry Joliveau) qui a été organisée en ligne en juin 2020 sur le thème suivant « Global Mapper, un outil de terrain ? Entre préparation, action et retour d’expérience ». L’événement a permis de croiser le regard de professionnels aux problématiques variées où l’étude du paysage tient une place centrale : la gestion des risques avalancheux, la cartographie des terrains de golf, le notariat et les missions aériennes. Le second est une enquête par questionnaire à destination des utilisateurs de logiciels SIG qui a récolté plus de 350 réponses de pratiquants et non-pratiquants du terrain. Cette enquête permet, entre autres, de montrer une permanence dans l’utilisation de certains outils (comme la carte papier) et comment l’outil numérique invite à la fois à pratiquer le terrain tout en s’en éloignant.
Peripheral T Cell Development and Immunophenotyping of Twins with Heterozygous FOXN1 Mutations
Authors: Voss Kelsey , Bartkowiak Todd , Sewell Allison E , Chi Channing , Landis Madelyn D , Schaefer Samuel , Pua Heather H , Connelly James A , Irish Jonathan M , Rathmell Jeffrey C , Kaviany Saara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The transcription factor FOXN1 plays an established role in thymic epithelial development to mediate selection of maturing thymocytes. Patients with heterozygous loss-of-function FOXN1 variants are associated with T cell lymphopenia at birth and low TCR excision circles that can ultimately recover. Although CD4+ T cell reconstitution in these patients is not completely understood, a lower proportion of naive T cells in adults has suggested a role for homeostatic proliferation. In this study, we present an immunophenotyping study of fraternal twins with low TCR excision circles at birth. Targeted primary immunodeficiency testing revealed a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in FOXN1 (c.1205del, p.Pro402Leufs*148). We present the immune phenotypes of these two patients, as well as their father who carries the same FOXN1 variant, to demonstrate an evolving immune environment over time. While FOXN1 haploinsufficiency may contribute to thymic defects and T cell lymphopenia, we characterized the transcriptional activity and DNA binding of the heterozygous FOXN1 variant in 293T cells and found the FOXN1 variant to have different effects across several target genes. These data suggest multiple mechanisms for similar FOXN1 variants pathogenicity that may be mutation specific. Increased understanding of how these variants drive transcriptional regulation to impact immune cell populations will guide the potential need for therapeutics, risk for infection or autoimmunity over time, and help inform clinical decisions for other variants that might arise.
Loss of Lymphatic IKKα Disrupts Lung Immune Homeostasis, Drives BALT Formation, and Protects against Influenza
Authors: Cully Michelle D , Nolte Julianne E , Patel Athena , Vaughan Andrew E , May Michael J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
IκB kinase (IKK)α controls noncanonical NF-κB signaling required for lymphoid organ development. We showed previously that lymph node formation is ablated in IkkαLyve-1 mice constitutively lacking IKKα in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We now reveal that loss of IKKα in LECs leads to the formation of BALT in the lung. Tertiary lymphoid structures appear only in the lungs of IkkαLyve-1 mice and are not present in any other tissues, and these highly organized BALT structures form after birth and in the absence of inflammation. Additionally, we show that IkkαLyve-1 mice challenged with influenza A virus (IAV) exhibit markedly improved survival and reduced weight loss compared with littermate controls. Importantly, we determine that the improved morbidity and mortality of IkkαLyve-1 mice is independent of viral load and rate of clearance because both mice control and clear IAV infection similarly. Instead, we show that IFN-γ levels are decreased, and infiltration of CD8 T cells and monocytes into IkkαLyve-1 lungs is reduced. We conclude that ablating IKKα in LECs promotes BALT formation and reduces the susceptibility of IkkαLyve-1 mice to IAV infection through a decrease in proinflammatory stimuli.
The Effects of Verbal Cues on Electromyographic Activity During a Quadriceps Setting Exercise
Authors: Frerichs Connor , DeHope Joseph , Chamberlain Maggie , Bassett Dylan , Farmer Brooke , Kyvelidou Anastasia , Magrini Mitchel , Grindstaff Terry L. 
Published: July 2024

Context
A quadriceps setting exercise is commonly used following knee injury, but there is great variation in cues that clinicians provide to patients when performing the exercise.

Objectives
To determine if internal, external, or visual cues result in the greatest quadriceps electromyographical (EMG) activity during a quadriceps setting exercise in healthy individuals.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty healthy individuals volunteered for this study. Participants were given 1 of 5 cues in a randomized order: internal cue “tighten your thigh muscles,” internal cue “push your knee down,” external cue “push into the bolster,” external cue “push into the strap,” or visual biofeedback using the cue “raise the value on the screen as high as you can.”

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Normalized vastus lateralis electromyographical activity.

Results
Both visual biofeedback (83.2% ± 24.9%) and the press into the strap condition (76.8% ± 24.4%) produced significantly greater (P &lt; .001) electromyographical activity than the push knee down (53.2% ± 27.0%), tighten thigh (52.7% ± 27.3%), or push into the bolster (50.8% ± 26.3%) conditions. There was no significant difference (P = .10) between the visual biofeedback and press into the strap conditions as well as no significant difference (P &gt; .38) between the push knee down, tighten thigh, or push into the bolster conditions.

Conclusion
If the clinical aim during a quadriceps setting exercise is to obtain the greatest volitional muscle recruitment, the use of visual biofeedback or pressing into a strap is recommended.
The effectiveness of semi-wild Sumatran mango (Mangifera spp.) leaves as a phytotherapy agent for breast cancer
Authors: Fitmawati  , Anisa Nur , Roza Rodesia M. , Juliantari Erwina 
Published: July 2024

Background
Breast cancer ranks first in the world, standing at a mortality rate of 24.5% per year and is the leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia. The current management of breast cancer therapy is considered less effective because of its careful use due to side effects that are detrimental to the patient. The semi-wild species from Sumatra are neglected and underutilized species but have the potential as a therapeutic agent. Previous research has revealed that this species of mango is high in antioxidant compounds.

Objective
This study was carried out to discover the anticancer activities of the semi-wild mango species via inhibitory activities and morphological changes in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells.

Materials and methods
The IC50 value of Mangifera
sumatrana, Mangifera
foetida, and Mangifera
laurina leaves in n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and methanol extracts was determined using the reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.

Results and conclusion

M. laurina n-hexane extracts exhibited anticancer activity (IC50 13.25 ppm). Nonpolar solutions were chosen as the most effective extraction solvent in anticancer tests because lipids in nonpolar solvents can hit the lipid bilayer. A hexane fraction was created by separating the majority of nonpolar fatty acid esters, and this fraction had a considerable impact on cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells. Therefore, all treatments can transform MCF-7 cells’ morphology into blackened dead cells that are degraded into small parts, such as apoptotic bodies in cells undergoing apoptotic processes. MTT assays against MCF-7 on three species of semi-wild Sumatran mango in different extraction solvents showed that n-hexane extracts of M. laurina had stronger anticancer activity than other samples. This study provides new information to support the development of standardized herbal medicines and phytopharmaca in the future.
Chitosan and riboflavin treatments affect marjoram growth, yield, and chemical composition
Authors: Abd-Rabbu Hala S. , Wahba Hend E. , El-Gohary Ahmed E. , Khalid Khalid A. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Marjoram is primarily cultivated to produce dried leaves and essential oil. Its active components have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities in modern medicine. There is an interest in increasing marjoram production for local production and export. Chitosan (CH) and riboflavin (R) are required to promote plant growth and active ingredients.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate how marjoram performance was affected by foliar spraying of CH and R at different concentrations.

Materials and methods
This investigation was performed over two successive seasons at two cuts. The used concentrations of CH were 100, 150, and 200 ppm, while R concentrations were 50 and 100 ppm. They were applied four times as a foliar spray to the vegetative growth during the growth season. At each harvest, the following parameters were recorded: fresh and dry weight, oil yield, total carbohydrates %, protein %, macronutrient content, total phenolics content, flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil constituents to study their response to different treatments.

Results and conclusion
All the treatments of CH and R enhanced the vegetative growth, essential oil percentage, yield, active constituents, and oil components compared with untreated plants. Foliar application of CH at 200 ppm and R at 100 ppm increased plant growth, yield of volatile oil as well as chemical constituents compared with other treatments; however, CH was more effective than R. The combined application between CH and R resulted in the greatest values especially when both were applied at high doses.
Profile and Geospatial Analysis of Dog Bite Cases Attending the Antirabies Vaccine Outpatient Department at the Tertiary Level Hospital of Mumbai
Authors: Asokan Dinesh , Mall Anjali , Sankhe Lalit , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Pardeshi Geeta 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Dog bites pose a significant public health concern in India, necessitating an understanding of their epidemiological profile and spatial distribution. Adopting the One Health approach, which considers the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health, is vital for developing effective interventions.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile and geospatial trends of dog bite cases in an urban area, focusing on the age and gender distribution of victims, severity of bites, and spatial distribution of cases to inform prevention strategies.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted on dog bite cases reported in 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. The epidemiological profile, including age, gender, and severity of bites, was examined. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was utilized for spatial distribution analysis, identifying hotspots within the urban area.

Results:
Of the 3350 cases, 70.7% were below 40 years old, 81.6% were male, and 78.18% had Category III bites indicating severe injuries. Most cases (74%) were caused by stray dogs. QGIS analysis revealed five hotspots within the urban area.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the predominance of dog bites among younger males and the severity of injuries. Spatial analysis identified specific hotspots, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Implementing a comprehensive surveillance system incorporating GIS technology and adopting a One Health approach can enhance the control and prevention of dog bite cases and reduce the risk of rabies outbreaks.
Tracking Missing Deaths: An Exploratory Study on the Mortality Impact of COVID-19 in Kozhikode City, India
Authors: Abraham Shilka , Ghosh Soumitra 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The debate over the extent of the mortality impact of COVID-19 in India is still unsettled.

Objectives:
This article contributes to the debate, seeking to explore the true mortality impact of the pandemic, by answering four interrelated questions. First, is there any discrepancy between recorded and actual death count? Second, if so, how large it is? Third, what is the extent of misclassification of COVID-19 mortality, and fourth, what is the magnitude of deaths that could be indirectly linked to COVID-19?

Materials and Methods:
To answer the questions, we explored three sources of data-all-cause mortality data from the civil registration system, records maintained at the burial grounds/cemeteries and crematoriums, and a household survey. The data collection period was between August 2021 and November 2021. The instrument used for data collection of verbal autopsies was built on the instrument proposed by the World Health Organization for adult mortality.

Results:
The results revealed that deaths due to various causes including COVID-19 increased considerably at some points in 2020–2021 compared to the base year 2019 in the study setting. Notably, 5.5% of the noninstitutional deaths were unreported at the time of the survey and many deaths were plausibly misclassified, leading to undercounting of COVID-19 deaths. Overall, about half of our sampled deaths (48%) had either direct or indirect attribution to the pandemic.

Conclusion:
The extent of undercounting of pandemic-related deaths is likely to be either similar or worse in other states. To get reliable state and national estimates, policymakers should conduct a large-scale study.
An Exploratory-Descriptive Analysis of Training Programs for Leadership in Health Research and Services in India
Authors: Mohapatra Archisman , Kaur Jaspreet , Mukherjee Ritika , Aravind Ram Suresh , Deshmukh Vaishali , Bassi Shikha , Swain Sumant , Wig Rebecca , Kumar Sanjiv , Arora Narendra Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Background:
There are several leadership training programs for health researchers in India. However, there is a need to develop context-tailored leadership and mentoring approaches.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to critically analyze the available leadership training programs in India for health researchers and service providers, for the leadership domains incorporated and overall training approaches.

Materials and Methods:
We used an exploratory-descriptive design to identify and review leadership training programs for health researchers and service providers/managers that had been offered by Indian institutions between 2013 and 2018. Our analytic approach was based on “transformational leadership” and “leader-member exchange” theories of leadership, curricula of popular leadership training programs worldwide, and the International Clinical Epidemiology Network model for leadership in health research in India based on a nationwide primary study.

Results:
We identified and reviewed 20 leadership training programs. These were heterogeneous in aim, scope (broad-based/thematic), course content, design, target participants and class profile, mode of delivery and training method, duration, frequency, and fund arrangements. The programs infrequently included topics on soft skills, mentoring, risk mitigation, collaboration for research, funding dynamics, institutional transformation, self-view and peer perception, and personal well-being. The programs insufficiently addressed contextual challenges of career exploration and risk mitigation, project management, strategic planning, and decision-making, ethics and integrity, negotiations, networking and collaboration, understanding funding dynamics, and mentoring. Only three programs linked to the training to the participants’ ecosystem.

Conclusions:
There is a need to develop customized course contents and training strategies that address the requirements of the local context vis-à-vis globally connected research ecosystems.
Effectiveness of Group Health Education on “Perceived Stress” among High-School Children of Kolar: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suresh Anandu , Reddy Mahendra M. , Kamath Prasanna B. T. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Adolescents are exposed to various psycho-physiological stressors due to rapid changes in their bodies along with increased academic pressure, peer pressure, and pressures from other sources of society. Group health education sessions in schools could have a positive outcome in not only the way they perceive stress but also tackle it efficiently.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of group health education intervention on “perceived stress” among the high school children of Kolar.

Materials and Methods:
An open-label cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among high school students (8th, 9th, and 10th standard) in selected English Medium Schools of Kolar Taluk. The study was conducted in three phases spanning 5 months of duration. Phase I included baseline data collection wherein “perceived stress” level was captured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10 questionnaire. Phase II was the interventional phase in the form of group health education sessions. Phase III was end-line assessment.

Results:
Before the intervention, 6.2%, 92.4%, and 1.5% of the students had mild, moderate, and severe stress, respectively, in the intervention group. After the intervention in the intervention group, about 57.9% had mild stress, 42.1% had moderate stress, and none had severe stress. The difference in difference analysis (DID) showed that the mean PSS scores in the intervention group changed by −8.84 while in the control group by 0.40.

Conclusion:
Group health education delivered was effective in reducing the perceived stress levels among high school children and it is a feasible and acceptable intervention for stress in school-going adolescent children.