bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object slip detection sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Pingxia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Existing gripping devices limit the way of gripping the object, and the object may slide due to insufficient friction, when the manipulator grips the object, the object may slip phenomenon, which leads to the manipulator can not complete the gripping work normally. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a robotic slipping sensor to detect the slipping state of the object and its slipping distance, the sensor through the friction of two different materials and electrostatic induction phenomenon of triboelectricity and the peak voltage signal to determine whether the contact object produces the phenomenon of slipping and its slipping distance. This design integrates two rectangular copper foils and two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films together to form a triboelectricity nanogenerator in independent layer mode, which judges the slip distance of an object by the peak voltage signal generated by the object’s slip, which is flexible and can be combined with a robot to make the robot more flexible and convenient in its work. In order to verify the performance of this sensor, horizontal slip test and vertical slip test were conducted. In the horizontal slip test and vertical slip test, the peak voltage signal output from the TENG sensor has a linear relationship with the slip distance of the object. The sensor and the object contact slip process ends after 100 ms, the oscilloscope will output the peak voltage signal, so that according to the size of the peak voltage signal to determine the object in the range of 0–10 cm slip distance, for judging whether the object appears to slip phenomenon and the occurrence of the phenomenon of the slip distance it produces provides a flexible program.
Fatigue damage accumulation in a bolted joint subjected to the random loading
Authors: Haghighatnezhad Bahram , Rajabikhorasani Ghazal , Shirzadi Jahromi Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fatigue damage in structures, which escalates with cyclic loading, is traditionally analyzed using blocks of constant amplitude. This study aims to derive the fatigue loading spectrum for the Cirrus SR20 multipurpose airplane and predict the fatigue life of its main spar connection. Using available reference loading data from acrobatic and training aircraft, the loading spectrum was established, and constant amplitude loading blocks were determined through the Rainflow cycle counting and statistical methods. Fatigue damage in the bolted joint was assessed using both linear and nonlinear Miner rules, revealing that results from nonlinear criteria tend to converge towards those from linear predictions as loading blocks increase. This approach provides a robust predictive framework for assessing the fatigue life of airplane components under variable amplitude loadings, potentially enhancing maintenance protocols and structural design durability.
Acting for Aesthetic Reasons
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It seems natural to think that there are aesthetic reasons for action and that an artist must be guided by such reasons as he or she sets about her canvas or poem or symphony or marble. This latter supposition seems at odds, however, with the views of one of the last century’s most important philosophers of art, R.G. Collingwood. Here, we propose an account of acting for aesthetic reasons inspired by G.E.M. Anscombe’s Intention, and specifically by her concept of ‘practical knowledge’, which we believe can accommodate Collingwood’s reservations about the sort of knowledge of their ends, and of the means to those ends, that artists have as they engage in their creative activity.
After Error Theory: The “What Next?” Question
Authors: Joyce Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
If the error theorist is correct about morality, then what should we do with moral discourse? This is the “what next?” question. The abolitionistâ€™s answer is that we should just do away with morality. The fictionalist advocates the less obvious answer that we should retain moral discourse even though we know that it is false. This chapter outlines some familiar ways that we already say false things for practical purposes, such as using metaphors, acting, joking, and telling lies. The main goal of the chapter, however, is to investigate the nature of the “what next?” question. Should we think of it as being asked by an individual error theorist (surrounded by moral believers), or being asked by a group of error theorists? What kind of normativity does the question involve? It turns out that there are really many legitimate “what next?” questions.
Potential expansion of plants with crassulacean acid metabolism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Yu Kailiang , D'Odorico Paolo , Novoa Ana , Collins Scott L , Hartzell Samantha , Huang Heng , Liu Hui , Weigelt Patrick , Porporato Amilcare M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An overlooked phenomenon is a potential increase in the distribution and abundance of plants with the highly water-usage-efficient crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). In the present article, we critically analyze recent research to investigate to what extent and why CAM plants may have recently expanded their range and abundance under global change. We discuss the ecophysiological and evolutionary mechanisms linked with CAM succulence and the drivers underlying potential CAM expansion, including drought, warming, and atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment. We further map the biogeographic pattern of CAM expansion and show that some CAM plants (e.g., Cylindropuntia, Opuntia, and Agave) are expanding and encroaching within dryland landscapes worldwide. Our results collectively highlight the recent expansion of CAM plants, a trend that could be sustained under increasing aridity with climate change. We recommend that CAM expansion be evaluated in a data-model integrated framework to better understand and predict the ecological and socioeconomic consequences of CAM expansion during the Anthropocene.
Proteostasis as a fundamental principle of Tau immunotherapy
Authors: Cruz Esteban , Nisbet Rebecca M , Padmanabhan Pranesh , van Waardenberg Ashley J , Graham Mark E , Nkajja Godfrey , Tapaswi Swara , Connor Bradley J , Robinson Phil , Götz Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau is a driver of neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. In this process, Tau initially undergoes subtle changes to its abundance, subcellular localization and a vast array of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation that progressively result in the protein’s somatodendritic accumulation and dysregulation of multiple Tau-dependent cellular processes.
Given the various loss- and gain-of-functions of Tau in disease and the brain-wide changes in the proteome that characterize tauopathies, we asked whether targeting Tau would restore the alterations in proteostasis observed in disease.
Therefore, by phage display, we generated a novel pan-Tau antibody, RNJ1, that preferentially binds human Tau and neutralizes proteopathic seeding activity in multiple cell lines and benchmarked it against a clinically tested pan-Tau antibody, HJ8.5 (murine version of tilavonemab). We then evaluated both antibodies, alone and in combination, in the K3 tauopathy mouse model, showing reduced Tau pathology and improvements in neuronal function following 14 weekly treatments, without obtaining synergy for the combination. These effects were more pronounced in female mice.
To investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to improvements in neuronal function, we employed quantitative proteomics, phosphoproteomics and kinase prediction analysis to first establish alterations in K3 mice relative to wild-type controls at the proteome level. In female K3 mice, we found 342 differentially abundant proteins, which are predominantly involved in metabolic and microtubule-associated processes, strengthening previously reported findings of defects in several functional domains in multiple tauopathy models. We next asked whether antibody-mediated Tau target engagement indirectly affects levels of deregulated proteins in the K3 model. Importantly, both immunotherapies, in particular RNJ1, induced abundance shifts towards a restoration to wild-type levels (proteostasis). A total of 257 of 342 (∼75%) proteins altered in K3 were closer in abundance to wild-type levels after RNJ1 treatment, and 73% after HJ8.5 treatment. However, the magnitude of these changes was less pronounced than that observed with RNJ1. Furthermore, analysis of the phosphoproteome showed an even stronger restoration effect with RNJ1, with ∼82% of altered phosphopeptides in K3 showing a shift to wild-type levels, and 75% with HJ8.5. Gene set over-representation analysis further confirmed that proteins undergoing restoration are involved in biological pathways affected in K3 mice. Together, our study suggests that a Tau immunotherapy-induced restoration of proteostasis links target engagement and treatment efficacy.
Flower pollination-enhanced CNN for lung disease diagnosis
Authors: Khate Kevisino , Bahadur Sinha Bam , Neelima Arambam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The utilization of automated software tools is imperative to enhance the efficiency of lung diseases through the analysis of X-ray images. The main objective of this study is to employ an analysis of chest X-ray images to diagnose lung disease. This study presents an Optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNNFPA) designed to automate the diagnosis of lung disease. The Flower pollination technique is employed to optimize the hyperparameters associated with the training of the layers of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this paper, a novel model called RCNNFPA model is proposed, which makes use of a pre-trained ResNet50 with its layers frozen. Subsequently, CNNFPA architecture is integrated on top of the frozen ResNet-50 layers. This approach allowed us to leverage the knowledge captured by the ResNet-50 model on a large-scale dataset. To assess the efficacy of the proposed model and perform a comparison study using several classification methodologies, various publicly available datasets comprising images of COVID-19, Viral Pneumonia, Normal, and Tuberculosis are employed. As optimized and elaborated upon in this study, the CNN model is juxtaposed with existing state-of-the-art models. The proposed novel RCNNFPA model demonstrates considerable potential in facilitating the automated screening of individuals affected by different lung diseases.
Quantifying the strength of viral fitness trade-offs between hosts: a meta-analysis of pleiotropic fitness effects
Authors: Wang Xuechun ‘May’ , Muller Julia , McDowell Mya , Rasmussen David A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The range of hosts a given virus can infect is widely presumed to be limited by fitness trade-offs between alternative hosts. These fitness trade-offs may arise naturally due to antagonistic pleiotropy if mutations that increase fitness in one host tend to decrease fitness in alternate hosts. Yet there is also growing recognition that positive pleiotropy may be more common than previously appreciated. With positive pleiotropy, mutations have concordant fitness effects such that a beneficial mutation can simultaneously increase fitness in different hosts, providing a genetic mechanism by which selection can overcome fitness trade-offs. How readily evolution can overcome fitness trade-offs therefore depends on the overall distribution of mutational fitness effects between hosts, including the relative frequency of antagonistic versus positive pleiotropy. We therefore conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the pleiotropic fitness effects of viral mutations reported in different hosts. Our analysis indicates that while both antagonistic and positive pleiotropy are common, fitness effects are overall positively correlated between hosts and unconditionally beneficial mutations are not uncommon. Moreover, the relative frequency of antagonistic versus positive pleiotropy may simply reflect the underlying frequency of beneficial and deleterious mutations in individual hosts. Given a mutation is beneficial in one host, the probability that it is deleterious in another host is roughly equal to the probability that any mutation is deleterious, suggesting there is no natural tendency toward antagonistic pleiotropy. The widespread prevalence of positive pleiotropy suggests that many fitness trade-offs may be readily overcome by evolution given the right selection pressures.
Vitamin B5 is a context-dependent dietary regulator of nociception
Authors: Hamoudi Zina , Leung Calvin , Khuong Thang Manh , Cooney Gregory , Neely G Gregory 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain has an enormous impact on the quality of life of billions of patients, families, and caregivers worldwide. Current therapies do not adequately address pain for most patients. A basic understanding of the conserved genetic framework controlling pain may help us develop better, non-addictive pain therapies. Here, we identify new conserved and druggable analgesic targets using the tissue-specific functional genomic screening of candidate “pain” genes in fly. From these efforts, we describe 23 new pain genes for further consideration. This included Acsl, a fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme, and mammalian orthologs involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. The Acsl knockdown and mutant larvae showed delayed nocifensive responses to localized and global noxious heat. Mechanistically, the Acsl knockdown reduced dendritic branching of nociceptive neurons. Surprisingly, the pain phenotype in these animals could be rescued through dietary intervention with vitamin B5, highlighting the interplay between genetics, metabolism, and nutrient environment to establish sensory perception thresholds. Together, our functional genomic screening within the sensory nociceptor has identified new nociception genes that provide a better understanding of pain biology and can help guide the development of new painkillers.
Genomics of natural populations: gene conversion events reveal selected genes within the inversions of Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Schaeffer Stephen W , Richards Stephen , Fuller Zachary L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When adaptive phenotypic variation or quantitative trait loci map within an inverted segment of a chromosome, researchers often despair because the suppression of crossing over will prevent the discovery of selective target genes that established the rearrangement. If an inversion polymorphism is old enough, then the accumulation of gene conversion tracts offers the promise that quantitative trait loci or selected loci within inversions can be mapped. The inversion polymorphism of Drosophila pseudoobscura is a model system to show that gene conversion analysis is a useful tool for mapping selected loci within inversions. D. pseudoobscura has over 30 different chromosomal arrangements on the third chromosome (Muller C) in natural populations and their frequencies vary with changes in environmental habitats. Statistical tests of five D. pseudoobscura gene arrangements identified outlier genes within inverted regions that had potentially heritable variation, either fixed amino acid differences or differential expression patterns. We use genome sequences of the inverted third chromosome (Muller C) to infer 98,443 gene conversion tracts for a total coverage of 142 Mb or 7.2× coverage of the 19.7 Mb chromosome. We estimated gene conversion tract coverage in the 2,668 genes on Muller C and tested whether gene conversion coverage was similar among arrangements for outlier vs non-outlier loci. Outlier genes had lower gene conversion tract coverage among arrangements than the non-outlier genes suggesting that selection removes exchanged DNA in the outlier genes. These data support the hypothesis that the third chromosome in D. pseudoobscura captured locally adapted combinations of alleles prior to inversion mutation events.
Diversity of Sex Chromosomes in Vertebrates: Six Novel Sex Chromosomes in Basal Haplochromines (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Authors: Behrens Kristen A , Koblmueller Stephan , Kocher Thomas D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
African cichlid fishes are known for their high rates of phenotypic evolution. A rapid rate of diversification is apparent also in the diversity of their sex chromosomes. To date, sex determiners have been identified on 18 of 22 chromosomes in the standard karyotype. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to characterize the sex chromosomes of seven populations of basal haplochromines, focusing on the genus Pseudocrenilabrus. We identify six new sex chromosome systems, including the first report of a cichlid sex–determining system on linkage group 12. We then quantify the rates and patterns of sex chromosome turnover in this clade. Finally, we test whether some autosomes become sex chromosomes in East African cichlids more often than expected by chance.
Validation of Lung Ultrasound for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prognostication in an International Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Blair Paul W , Siddharthan Trishul , Herrera Phabiola M , Cui Erjia , Waitt Peter , Hossen Shakir , Fong Tiffany C , Anova Lalaine , Erazo Hector , Mount Cristin , Pettrone Kristen , Rothman Richard E , Pollett Simon D , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Clark Danielle V ,   for the Rapid Assessment of Infection with SONography (RAISON) Research Group and the Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential (EPICC) Research Group, Kayiira Mubaraka , Wailagala Abdullah , Okello Stephen , Kibuuka Hannah , Dalzell Molly , Liu Gigi , Woods Chris , Columbo Rhonda , Ganesan Anu , Hull Aicha M , Richard Stephanie A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite many studies evaluating lung ultrasound (LUS) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognostication, the generalizability and utility across clinical settings are uncertain.

Methods
Adults (≥18 years of age) with COVID-19 were enrolled at 2 military hospitals, an emergency department, home visits, and a homeless shelter in the United States, and in a referral hospital in Uganda. Participants had a 12-zone LUS scan performed at time of enrollment and clips were read off-site. The primary outcome was progression to higher level of care after the ultrasound scan. We calculated the cross-validated area under the curve for the validation cohort for individual LUS features.

Results
We enrolled 191 participants with COVID-19 (57.9% female; median age, 45.0 years [interquartile range, 31.5–58.0 years]). Nine participants clinically deteriorated. The top predictors of worsening disease in the validation cohort measured by cross-validated area under the curve were B-lines (0.88 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .87–.90]), discrete B-lines (0.87 [95% CI, .85–.88]), oxygen saturation (0.82 [95%, CI, .81–.84]), and A-lines (0.80 [95% CI, .78–.81]).

Conclusions
In an international multisite point-of-care ultrasound cohort, LUS parameters had high discriminative accuracy. Ultrasound can be applied toward triage across a wide breadth of care settings during a pandemic.
Comparative in vitro efficacy of antibiotics against the intracellular reservoir of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Beadell Brent , Yamauchi Joe , Wong-Beringer Annie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of bloodstream infection. The liver represents the sentinel immune organ for clearance of bloodstream pathogens and eradication of intracellular SA from liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) eliminates the likely pathogenic reservoir that contributes to persistent bacteraemia.

Objectives
We assessed antimicrobial activity at phagolysosome-mimicking pH, intracellular penetration, and SA eradication within KCs in vitro for clinically prescribed antistaphylococcal agents alone or in combination: vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, oritavancin, oxacillin, cefazolin; rifampin and fosfomycin.

Methods
pH-adjusted broth microdilution assays, intracellular bioaccumulation assays, and intracellular killing assays against clinical bloodstream isolates were performed using a murine KC line with study agents.

Results
Rifampin and β-lactams exhibited enhanced activity [2- to 16-fold minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) decrease] at phagolysosomal pH while vancomycin, oritavancin, daptomycin and fosfomycin demonstrated reduced activity (2- to 32-fold MIC increase in order of least to greatest potency reduction). All agents evaluated had poor to modest intracellular to extracellular concentration ratios (0.024–7.8), with exceptions of rifampin and oritavancin (intracellular to extracellular ratios of 17.4 and 78.2, respectively). Finally, we showed that the first-line treatment for SA bacteraemia (SAB), vancomycin, performed worse than all other tested antibiotics in eradicating intracellular SA at human Cmax concentration (0.20 log cfu decrease), while oritavancin performed better than all other agents alone (2.05 versus 1.06–1.36 log cfu decrease).

Conclusions
Our findings raise concerns about the efficacy of commonly prescribed antibiotics against intracellular SA reservoirs and emphasize the need to consider targeting pathogen eradication from the liver to achieve early control of SAB.
Nanoscale dynamics and localization of single endogenous mRNAs in stress granules
Authors: Sugawara Ko , Uno Shin-nosuke , Kamiya Mako , Sakamoto Akihiko , Urano Yasuteru , Funatsu Takashi , Okabe Kohki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein granules transiently formed in stressed mammalian cells. Although SG components have been well characterized, detailed insights into the molecular behavior inside SGs remain unresolved. We investigated nanoscale dynamics and localization of endogenous mRNAs in SGs combining single mRNA tracking and super-resolution localization microscopy. First, we developed a methodology for tracking single mRNAs within SGs, revealing that although mRNAs in SGs are mainly stationary (∼40%), they also move in a confined (∼25%) or freely diffusing (∼35%) manner. Second, the super-resolution localization microscopy showed that the mRNAs in SGs are heterogeneously distributed and partially form high-density clusters. Third, we simultaneously performed single mRNA tracking and super-resolution microscopy in SGs, demonstrating that single mRNA trajectories are mainly found around high-density clusters. Finally, a quantitative analysis of mRNA localization and dynamics during stress removal was conducted using live super-resolution imaging and single-molecule tracking. These results suggest that SGs have a highly organized structure that enables dynamic regulation of the mRNAs at the nanoscale, which is responsible for the ordered formation and the wide variety of functions of SGs.
Exploring the use of conducted energy weapons on subjects with a perceived mental condition
Authors: Sytsma Victoria A , Laming Erick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Given the prominence of the CEW in law enforcement, and the gaps in evidence around CEW use on persons with mental illness, using police administrative data we investigate whether perceived civilian mental condition influences CEW effectiveness, and how (as indicated by severity of application mode) and why CEW was used. We find subject mental condition is not a significant predictor of CEW effectiveness but is the strongest predictor of CEW application severity, and of CEW display or deployment for the purpose of both protecting the officer and protecting the public—even when controlling for subject resistance level and weapon possession. Results are discussed.