bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease by surgical stimulation sites
Authors: Stroupe Kevin T. , Weaver Frances M. , Cao Lishan , Ippolito Dolores , Barton Brandon R. , Burnett‐Zeigler Inger E. , Holloway Robert G. , Vickrey Barbara G. , Simuni Tanya , Follett Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess costs and effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidum (GPi) versus subthalamic nucleus (STN) from the provider and societal perspectives for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in a multicenter randomized trial.MethodsAll costs from randomization to 36 months were included. Costs were from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare databases and clinical trial data. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were from Quality of Well Being questionnaires.ResultsProvider costs were similar for the 144 GPi and 130 STN patients (GPi: $138,044 vs. STN: $131,822; difference = $6,222, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –$42,125 to $45,343). Societal costs were also similar (GPi: $171,061 vs. STN: $167,706; difference = $3,356, 95% CI: –$57,371 to $60,294). The GPi patients had nonsignificantly more QALYs.ConclusionsThe QALYs and costs were similar; the level of uncertainty given the sample size suggests that these factors should not direct treatment or resource allocation decisions in selecting or making available either procedure for eligible PD patients. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Complex genomic rearrangements in the dystrophin gene due to replication‐based mechanisms
Authors: Baskin Berivan , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Rebeiro Paige A. , Orr Jennifer , Li Martin , Steele Leslie , Marshall Christian R. , Lemire Edmond G. , Boycott Kym M. , Gibson William , Ray Peter N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGenomic rearrangements such as intragenic deletions and duplications are the most prevalent type of mutations in the dystrophin gene resulting in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD). These copy number variations (CNVs) are nonrecurrent and can result from either nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or microhomology‐mediated replication‐dependent recombination (MMRDR). We characterized five DMD patients with complex genomic rearrangements using a combination of MLPA/mRNA transcript analysis/custom array comparative hybridization arrays (CGH) and breakpoint sequence analysis to investigate the mechanisms for these rearrangements. Two patients had complex rearrangements that involved microhomologies at breakpoints. One patient had a noncontiguous insertion of 89.7 kb chromosome 4 into intron 43 of DMD involving three breakpoints with 2–5 bp microhomology at the junctions. A second patient had an inversion of exon 44 flanked by intronic deletions with two breakpoint junctions each showing 2 bp microhomology. The third patient was a female with an inherited deletion of exon 47 in DMD on the maternal allele and a de novo noncontiguous duplication of exons 45–49 in DMD and MID1 on the paternal allele. The other two patients harbored complex noncontiguous duplications within the dystrophin gene. We propose a replication‐based mechanisms for all five complex DMD rearrangements. This study identifies additional underlying mechanisms in DMD, and provides insight into the molecular bases of these genomic rearrangements.
Gonadal Suppressive and Cross‐Sex Hormone Therapy for Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Smith Katherine P. , Madison Christina M. , Milne Nikki M. 
Published: September 2014

Individuals with gender dysphoria experience distress associated with incongruence between their biologic sex and their identified gender. Gender dysphoric natal males receive treatment with antiandrogens and estrogens to become feminized (transsexual females), whereas natal females with gender dysphoria receive treatment with androgens to become masculinized (transsexual males). Because of the permanence associated with cross‐sex hormone therapy (CSHT), adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria receive gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogs to suppress puberty. High rates of depression and suicide are linked to social marginalization and barriers to care. Behavior, emotional problems, depressive symptoms, and global functioning improve in adolescents receiving puberty suppression therapy. Gender dysphoria, psychological symptoms, quality of life, and sexual function improve in adults who receive CSHT. Within the first 6 months of CSHT, changes in transsexual females include breast growth, decreased testicular volume, and decreased spontaneous erections, and changes in transsexual males include cessation of menses, breast atrophy, clitoral enlargement, and voice deepening. Both transsexual females and males experience changes in body fat redistribution, muscle mass, and hair growth. Desired effects from CSHT can take between 3 and 5 years; however, effects that occur during puberty, such as voice deepening and skeletal structure changes, cannot be reversed with CSHT. Decreased sexual desire is a greater concern in transsexual females than in transsexual males, with testosterone concentrations linked to sexual desire in both. Regarding CSHT safety, bone mineral density is preserved with adequate hormone supplementation, but long‐term fracture risk has not been studied. The transition away from high‐dose traditional regimens is tied to a lower risk of venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease, but data quality is poor. Breast cancer has been reported in both transsexual males and females, but preliminary data suggest that CSHT does not increase the risk. Cancer screenings for individuals of both natal and transitioned sexes should occur as recommended. More long‐term studies are needed to ensure that CSHT regimens with the best outcomes can continue to be prescribed for the transsexual population.
Vancomycin‐Associated Renal Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Carreno Joseph J. , Kenney Rachel M. , Lomaestro Ben 
Published: September 2014

Vancomycin has been in clinical use for over 60 years, during which time renal toxicity has been well documented. Multiple risk factors and outcomes are associated with vancomycin‐related nephrotoxicity. Risk factors include vancomycin exposure (trough levels 15 mg/L or higher, larger area under the curve, duration of therapy), host susceptibility to vancomycin (increased body weight, preexisting renal dysfunction, critical illness), and concurrent nephrotoxin therapy. Nephrotoxicity is associated with prolonged hospital stays, mortality, and the need for renal replacement therapy. To what degree vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity exacerbates these adverse clinical outcomes remains unclear. This article reviews the current evidence on vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity and explores future research directions with potential implications for improved patient safety.
Planetary LakeLander—A Robotic Sentinel to Monitor Remote Lakes
Authors: Pedersen Liam , Smith Trey , Lee Susan Y. , Cabrol Nathalie 
Published: September 2014

This field report describes the design and operations of the Planetary LakeLander (PLL) probe and its ground data systems. LakeLander's primary mission is to characterize the physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in a high‐altitude lake, and how they are being impacted by rapid deglaciation. LakeLander's secondary purpose is to test operation concepts for future exploration of Titan's lakes. The LakeLander probe is a permanently anchored buoy that measures both surface meteorology and water quality parameters in the top 40 m of the water column. The concept of operations calls for the probe to continue collecting and downlinking data through the Andean winter, when the lake is inaccessible; this drives the power system design and forces a strong focus on system reliability, analogous to a space mission. The PLL ground data system provides the central archive of downlinked data. They are structured around a unified data‐sharing web site that includes tools for mapping, data visualization, documentation, and numerical analysis. The web site provides a hub for engaging the science team and enables interdisciplinary collaboration. This report concludes with lessons learned during field deployment and several months of remote operations on the lake. Among the conclusions: (1) the choice to use an off‐the‐shelf profiling system has proven wise; (2) effective maintenance of a long‐lived remote system requires extensive measurement, logging, and display of as many system variables as possible; and (3) the visualization sandbox component of the data‐sharing web site has made numerical analysis of probe data much easier and more accessible to the entire interdisciplinary science team.
CloudPick: a framework for QoS‐aware and ontology‐based service deployment across clouds
Authors: Dastjerdi Amir Vahid , Garg Saurabh Kumar , Rana Omer F. , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe cloud computing paradigm allows on‐demand access to computing and storage services over the Internet. Multiple providers are offering a variety of software solutions in the form of virtual appliances and computing units in the form of virtual machines with different pricing and QoS in the market. Thus, it is important to exploit the benefit of hosting virtual appliances on multiple providers to not only reduce the cost and provide better QoS but also achieve failure‐resistant deployment. This paper presents a framework called CloudPick to simplify cross‐cloud deployment and particularly focuses on QoS modeling and deployment optimization. For QoS modeling, cloud services have been automatically enriched with semantic descriptions using our translator component to increase precision and recall in discovery and benefit from descriptive QoS from multiple domains. In addition, an optimization approach for deploying networks of appliances is required to guarantee minimum cost, low latency, and high reliability. We propose and compare two different deployment optimization approaches: genetic‐based and forward‐checking‐based backtracking. They take into account QoS criteria such as reliability, data communication cost, and latency between multiple clouds to select the most appropriate combination of virtual machines and appliances. We evaluate our approach using a real case study and different request types. Experimental results suggest that both algorithms reach near‐optimal solution. Further, we investigate the effects of factors such as latency, reliability requirements, and data communication between appliances on the performance of the algorithms and placement of appliances across multiple clouds. The results show the efficiency of optimization algorithms depends on the data transfer rate between appliances. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tendon Progenitor Cells in Injured Tendons Have Strong Chondrogenic Potential: The CD105-Negative Subpopulation Induces Chondrogenic Degeneration
Authors: Asai Shuji , Otsuru Satoru , Candela Maria Elena , Cantley Leslie , Uchibe Kenta , Hofmann Ted J. , Zhang Kairui , Wapner Keith L. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Horwitz Edwin M. , Enomoto-Iwamoto Motomi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
To study the cellular mechanism of the tendon repair process, we used a mouse Achilles tendon injury model to focus on the cells recruited to the injured site. The cells isolated from injured tendon 1 week after the surgery and uninjured tendons contained the connective tissue progenitor populations as determined by colony-forming capacity, cell surface markers, and multipotency. When the injured tendon-derived progenitor cells (inTPCs) were transplanted into injured Achilles tendons, they were not only integrated in the regenerating area expressing tenogenic phenotype but also trans-differentiated into chondrogenic cells in the degenerative lesion that underwent ectopic endochondral ossification. Surprisingly, the micromass culture of the inTPCs rapidly underwent chondrogenic differentiation even in the absence of exogenous bone morphogenetic proteins or TGFβs. The cells isolated from human ruptured tendon tissues also showed connective tissue progenitor properties and exhibited stronger chondrogenic ability than bone marrow stromal cells. The mouse inTPCs contained two subpopulations one positive and one negative for CD105, a coreceptor of the TGFβ superfamily. The CD105-negative cells showed superior chondrogenic potential in vitro and induced larger chondroid degenerative lesions in mice as compared to the CD105-positive cells. These findings indicate that tendon progenitor cells are recruited to the injured site of tendons and have a strong chondrogenic potential and that the CD105-negative population of these cells would be the cause for chondroid degeneration in injured tendons. The newly identified cells recruited to the injured tendon may provide novel targets to develop therapeutic strategies to facilitate tendon repair. Stem Cells 2014;32:3266–3277
In vitro digestion of starches in a dynamic gastrointestinal model: an innovative study to optimize dietary management of patients with hepatic glycogen storage diseases
Authors: Nalin Tatiéle , Venema Koen , Weinstein David A. , de Souza Carolina F. M , Perry Ingrid D. S. , van Wandelen Mario T. R. , van Rijn Margreet , Smit G. Peter A. , Schwartz Ida V. D. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUncooked cornstarch (UCCS) is a widely used treatment strategy for patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease (GSD). It has been observed that GSD‐patients display different metabolic responses to different cornstarches. The objective was to characterize starch fractions and analyze the digestion of different starches in a dynamic gastrointestinal in vitro model. The following brands of UCCS were studied: Argo® and Great Value® from the United States of America; Brazilian Maizena Duryea® and Yoki® from Brazil; Dutch Maizena Duryea® from the Netherlands. Glycosade®, a modified starch, and sweet polvilho, a Brazilian starch extracted from cassava, were also studied. The starch fractions were analyzed by glycemic TNO index method and digestion analyses were determined by the TIM‐1 system, a dynamic, computer‐controlled, in vitro gastrointestinal model, which simulates the stomach and small intestine. The final digested amounts were between 84 and 86 % for the UCCS and Glycosade®, but was 75.5 % for sweet povilho. At 180 min of the experiment, an important time‐point for GSD patients, the digested amount of the starches corresponded to 67.9–71.5 for the UCCS and Glycosade®, while it was 55.5 % for sweet povilho. In an experiment with a mixture of sweet polvilho and Brazilian Maizena Duryea®, a final digested amount of 78.4 % was found, while the value at 180 min was 61.7 %. Sweet polvilho seems to have a slower and extended release of glucose and looks like an interesting product to be further studied as it might lead to extended normoglycemia in GSD‐patients.
Large animal models and new therapies for glycogen storage disease
Authors: Brooks Elizabeth D. , Koeberl Dwight D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGlycogen storage diseases (GSD), a unique category of inherited metabolic disorders, were first described early in the twentieth century. Since then, the biochemical and genetic bases of these disorders have been determined, and an increasing number of animal models for GSD have become available. At least seven large mammalian models have been developed for laboratory research on GSDs. These models have facilitated the development of new therapies, including gene therapy, which are undergoing clinical translation. For example, gene therapy prolonged survival and prevented hypoglycemia during fasting for greater than one year in dogs with GSD type Ia, and the need for periodic re‐administration to maintain efficacy was demonstrated in that dog model. The further development of gene therapy could provide curative therapy for patients with GSD and other inherited metabolic disorders.
A Rapid Nile Red Fluorescence‐Based Method for Triacylglycerol Content in Microspore‐Derived Cell Suspension Cultures of Brassica napus
Authors: Gao Yuning , Chen Guanqun , Weselake Randall J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBrassica napus (L. cv Jet Neuf) microspore‐derived (BnaMD) cell suspension cultures were used to study the biochemistry and molecular biology of plant lipid metabolism. The cell suspension cultures may also be a potentially useful trait‐testing tool for further improvement of oilseed rape, the world's third largest vegetable oil crop. Nile red fluorescence methods have been used to assess neutral lipid accumulation in microorganisms and mammalian oocytes but have not been established for plant cell suspension cultures. In this study, a Nile red method was established and optimized for triacylglycerol (TAG) content analysis in BnaMD cell suspension cultures. Nile red fluorescence was easily determined in 96‐well plates using a 490 nm excitation wavelength and a 595 nm emission wavelength without any significant interference from other cellular components. The lipid content of the cell suspension cultures at different growth stages was determined using a conventional lipid analysis method and the Nile red fluorescence method. There was a strong positive correlation between the Nile red fluorescence and TAG content in the cell suspension cultures. Therefore, the TAG content of BnaMD cell suspension cultures can be rapidly and robustly determined using a Nile red fluorescence‐based method that can potentially be adapted for application to other plant cell suspension cultures.
Rehabilitation nutrition for sarcopenia with disability: a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management
Authors: Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Sakuma Kunihiro 
Published: September 2014

Malnutrition and sarcopenia often occur in rehabilitation settings. The prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in older patients undergoing rehabilitation is 49–67 % and 40–46.5 %, respectively. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with poorer rehabilitation outcome and physical function. Therefore, a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management may improve outcome in disabled elderly with malnutrition and sarcopenia. The concept of rehabilitation nutrition as a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health guidelines are used to evaluate nutrition status and to maximize functionality in the elderly and other people with disability. Assessment of the multifactorial causes of primary and secondary sarcopenia is important because rehabilitation nutrition for sarcopenia differs depending on its etiology. Treatment of age‐related sarcopenia should include resistance training and dietary supplements of amino acids. Therapy for activity‐related sarcopenia includes reduced bed rest time and early mobilization and physical activity. Treatment for disease‐related sarcopenia requires therapies for advanced organ failure, inflammatory disease, malignancy, or endocrine disease, while therapy for nutrition‐related sarcopenia involves appropriate nutrition management to increase muscle mass. Because primary and secondary sarcopenia often coexist in people with disability, the concept of rehabilitation nutrition is useful for their treatment. Stroke, hip fracture, and hospital‐associated deconditioning are major causes of disability, and inpatients of rehabilitation facilities often have malnutrition and sarcopenia. We review the concept of rehabilitation nutrition, the rehabilitation nutrition options for stroke, hip fracture, hospital‐associated deconditioning, sarcopenic dysphagia, and then evaluate the amount of research interest in rehabilitation nutrition.
Operation of Emergency Operating Centers During Mass Casualty Incidents in Taiwan: A Disaster Management Perspective
Authors: Wen Jet-Chau , Tsai Chia-Chou , Chen Mei-Hsuan , Chang Wei-Ta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveOn April 27, 2011, a train derailed and crashed in Taiwan, causing a mass casualty incident (MCI) that was similar to a previous event and with similar consequences. In both disasters, the emergency operating centers (EOCs) could not effectively integrate associated agencies to deal with the incident. The coordination and utilization of resources were inefficient, which caused difficulty in command structure operation and casualty evacuation.MethodsThis study was designed to create a survey questionnaire with problem items using disaster management phases mandated by Taiwan’s Emergency Medical Care Law (EMCL), use statistical methods (t test) to analyze the results and issues the EOCs encountered during the operation, and propose solutions for those problems.ResultsFindings showed that EOCs lacked authority to intervene or coordinate with associated agencies. Also, placing emphasis on the recovery phase should improve future prevention and response mechanisms.ConclusionsTo improve the response to MCIs, the EMCL needs to be amended to give EOCs the lead during disasters; use feedback from the recovery phase to improve future disaster management and operation coordination; and establish an information-sharing platform across agencies to address all aspects of relief work.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Going Abroad: Transnational Solicitation and Contention by Ethnopolitical Organizations
Authors: Asal Victor , Conrad Justin , White Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExisting literature on contentious political movements has generally focused on domestic political activity. Using the new Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior–Middle East data set (MAROB-ME), which contains organization-level data for 104 ethnopolitical organizations in the Middle East and North Africa, we analyze the decision of both violent and nonviolent organizations to engage in political activity transnationally. Among the results, we find that diaspora support is associated with transnational nonviolent protest, whereas foreign state support and domestic repression increase the use of transnational violence. The most robust finding, however, is that participation in the domestic electoral process consistently reduces the likelihood that an organization will engage in any political activity abroad.
High efficient beam cleanup based on stimulated Brillouin scattering with a large core fiber
Authors: Gao Qilin , Lu Zhiwei , Zhu Chengyu , Zhang Jianhui 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel approach of beam cleanup based on stimulated Brillouin scattering with a large core fiber is proposed to improve the laser beam quality. The fusion splice scheme from a single-mode fiber to a very large core fiber (105 µm) is first employed in stimulated Brillouin scattering to steadily excite the fundamental mode of the Stokes beam. As a result, the output beam achieves a measured M2 value of around 1.3 meanwhile the pump conversion efficiency is up to 90%, which is the best in the reports of stimulated Brillouin scattering cleanup to our knowledge.