bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11. Capital
Authors: Tumino Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Chapter Eleven ("Capital"): Transnational capitalism has, as The Manifesto of the Communist Party says, "simplified" the question of social inequality by dividing the world between a class of "haves" whose material needs are met only because the majority "have not" the means to do so as these means have been privatized. This ruthless binary of class in global capitalism has produced a new wave of anti-capitalist struggles that has given renewed urgency to the question: what is the place of the intellectual in contemporary social relations? It is as one answer to this question that a new global intellectual has emerged, featured most prominently in the writings of Pierre Bourdieu. In this chapter I rehearse how Bourdieu's texts seeks to go beyond the dominant notion of the "local intellectual" required by an earlier, more regulated, phase of capital accumulation that traces itself in the writings of Foucault, Lyotard and de Certeau, to name a few. And yet, Bourdieu's concept of a collective intellectual, while breaking rhetorically with Foucault's local intellectual, returns in the end to the same reformist conclusions that alibi capitalism. This is because Bourdieu makes "class" an outcome of struggles over "symbolic capital" in a plurality of "fields" that exceed conceptual reduction. What Bourdieu's "field" theory of class struggle does is segregate the social into autonomous zones lacking in systemic determination by the social structure of private property so that everyone is considered to be equally in possession of "capital." Bourdieu opposes Marx's labor theory of value with a value theory of class that posits class as an after-effect of the past symbolic struggles of intellectuals over "cultural capital." What the reduction of "class" and "capital" to cultural conflicts cannot explain is the systemic primacy of the production of surplus-value in unpaid-labor, the basic condition of the global majority, which determines that their needs are not being met and which economically compels them into engaging in collective class struggles.
Keywords: Bourdieu; capital; class; intellectual; capitalism; cultural theory; neoliberalism.
An Update to the Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Scheme of HarmonEPS
Authors: Tsiringakis Aristofanis , Frogner Inger-Lise , de Rooy Wim , Andrae Ulf , Hally Alan , Contreras Osorio Sebastián , van der Veen Sibbo , Barkmeijer Jan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-resolution, limited-area forecasting is strongly affected by errors in the initial atmospheric state, lateral boundary conditions (LBCs), and physical parameterizations used by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. These errors need to be accounted for through the introduction of uncertainty in an ensemble prediction system (EPS). One approach to account for model error is to use a stochastically perturbed parameterizations (SPPs) scheme. A first version of the SPP scheme of HARMONIE EPS (HarmonEPS) has been tested, with promising improvements in ensemble spread. However, it introduced systematic biases and deteriorated skill scores for some variables. Here, we investigate the performance of an updated version of the HarmonEPS SPP scheme, which includes (i) the use of uniform distributions, (ii) the correlation of stochastic patterns between key SPP parameters, and (iii) the introduction of four additional parameters, in the microphysics and mass-flux schemes. Two five-parameter SPP-based setups are compared against initial and LBC perturbations setups for five forecast periods: (i) 22–28 March 2019, (ii) 6–12 July 2020, (iii) 20–26 February 2021, (iv) 13–26 January 2021, and (v) 20 May–2 June 2021. We find that SPP-based experiments show better probabilistic metrics for near-surface and cloud-related variables than the non-SPP experiments. The SPP-based ensembles show increased spatial spread (as indicated by dFSS), while maintaining similar spatial skill (as indicated by eFSS) with the non-SPP experiment. In addition, the systematic bias in the ensemble members of the previous SPP iteration has been alleviated with the use of uniform distributions. Finally, the use of microphysical and mass-flux perturbations improves the ensemble scores for cloud-related variables, precipitation, and visibility.

Significance Statement
Ensemble prediction systems are essential for weather forecasting. Their skill depends on the representation of uncertainties arising from errors in the initial atmospheric state and model physics. In this study, we present an update to the stochastically perturbed parameterizations scheme, which represents uncertainty arising from model errors, of the limited-area HARMONIE ensemble prediction system. The update to the scheme includes the introduction of uniform distributions and correlated perturbations for the perturbed parameters, as well as the addition of four new perturbed parameters. Overall, this revision removes systematic biases in ensemble members, which were present in the previous iteration of the scheme, and shows increased ensemble spread (up to 70%) and reduced model errors (up to 5%) for near-surface and cloud-related variables.
Impact of Surgical Parathyroidectomy on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients With Renal Failure
Authors: Liao Zhenpeng , Ye Zhongkang , Zhang Xu , Zhang Jun , He Peng , Hong Haiyu , Mi Jiaoping 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Parathyroidectomy is beneficial in tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) consequent to chronic renal failure. The craniofacial morphology of patients who undergo total parathyroidectomy and autologous transplantation (tPTX + AT) has not been widely studied. This study assessed the efficacy of tPTX + AT in THPT and evaluated possible improvements in craniofacial features. Methods This retrospective analysis included patients who were diagnosed with medically refractory THPT and had undergone tPTX + AT between September 2013 and May 2021. The VAS was used to evaluate improvements in various symptoms including bone pain and pruritus. Changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were also assessed. The impact of the procedure was assessed by comparing two-photon X-ray bone mineral density measurements obtained 1 year before and after surgery. Results The VAS of pain and pruritus decreased significantly on the first postoperative day ( P < 0.05). Calcium levels changed significantly (from 2.50 ± 0.22 mmol/L to 2.10 ± 0.26 mmol/L) on postoperative day 1 ( P = 0.0000); iPTH levels also declined substantially on this day, reducing from 211.00 (122.10, 252.80) to 5.04 (2.96, 9.40) pmol/L. Bone mineral density increased significantly across various regions including the greater trochanter of the femur, intertrochanteric area, total hip, and third lumbar vertebra ( P < 0.05). The angles between the upper incisor and mandibular plane and the lower lip and Ricketts E line (drawn from the tip of the nose to the soft tissue area) also improved ( P = 0.043, P = 0.001). Conclusion Total parathyroidectomy and autologous transplantation can rapidly alleviate bone pain and skin itching in THPT. It may also improve bone density and facial soft tissue.
Treatment of lower limb telangiectasias with Nd: Yag 1064 nm laser with and without tumescent anesthesia – TTL technique
Authors: Bajerski Julio Cesar , Giordani Camila Biedler , Borges Luiza Brum , Taniguchi Juliana Bosso , Neto Elias Arcenio , Kikuchi Rodrigo , Saleh Jaber Nashat , Noel Rafael Stevan , Puton Renan Camargo , Correa Mateus Picada 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Transdermal laser is an option for varicous veins treatment, yet it may be painful. In this study, we will present a technique for performing tumescent anesthesia associated to transdermal laser (TTL) to reduce pain during treatment. Objective The study compares pain during treatment of telangiectasias in lower limb with and without tumescent anesthesia to offer a less painful procedure. Methods 50 CEAP C1 patients with bilateral telangiectasias on thighs underwent transdermal laser treatment, using tumescent anesthesia on one side and standard technique on the other. Pain was assessed via the Visual Analogue Scale. The outcomes were compared with Student's t-test. Significance was set at p < .05. Results Laser treatment without tumescent anesthesia resulted in a VAS pain score of 7.9, versus 0.0 with anesthesia, showing a significant statistical difference. Conclusion Tumescent anesthesia and transdermal laser (TTL) is capable of reducing pain in laser treatment of telangiectasias and reticular veins.
Bilingual clause combining: A Variable Equivalence hypothesis for conjunction choice
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , LaCasse Dora 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Bringing linguistic experience into code-switching (CS) constraints, a new hypothesis considers cross-language variable equivalence, which arises from within-language variability. Bilingual choices are assessed for Spanish-English CS between clauses, where subordinating conjunctions may not be consistently equivalent. Methodology: Equivalence exists at the main-and-adverbial clause junction, inasmuch as the conjunctions are consistently present and placed the same way in the two languages. Equivalence is variable with main-and-complement clauses, because English complementizer that is mostly absent. Tokens of clause combining were extracted from the prosodically transcribed speech of members of a long-standing community in northern New Mexico who use both languages in their everyday interactions. Bilingual clause combinations were compared with their unilingual counterparts produced by the same speakers, as benchmarks. Data and Analysis: Over 2,000 tokens of clause combining were coded for conjunction, subordinate clause type, prosodic connection, and CS direction for bilingual instances ( n = 189). Findings: Bilinguals treat CS with complement and adverbial clauses differently. With complement clauses, the rate of CS is lower, prosodic separation is greater and, most notably, conjunction language choice is more asymmetrical. Spanish complementizer que is overwhelmingly selected over English that. In contrast, choice between causal conjunctions porque and (be)cause is affected by CS direction. Originality: The Variable Equivalence hypothesis states that bilinguals favor CS with the equivalent option from one of the languages that is more frequent and predictable in their combined linguistic experience, considering both languages. Significance: CS constraints are probabilistic (preferred CS sites) rather than categorical (permissible CS sites). The Variable Equivalence hypothesis accommodates variation in actual language use. Methodologically, comparing spontaneous CS with the same speakers’ unilingual production allows discovery of CS asymmetries. These asymmetries reveal quantitative bilingual preferences to switch at particular sites.
Endovascular approaches for the treatment of dural carotid-cavernous fistulas: A systematic review
Authors: Harake Edward S , Nieblas-Bedolla Edwin , Wilseck Zachary , Chaudhary Neeraj , Armonda Rocco A , Pandey Aditya S , Dowlati Ehsan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCFs), also known as indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas, represent abnormal connections between the arterial and venous systems within the cavernous sinus that are typically treated via endovascular approach. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with dCCFs based on the endovascular treatment approach and assess angiographic and clinical outcomes. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed. Data including number of patients, demographics, presenting clinical symptoms, etiology of fistula, Barrow classification, and embolization material were collected and evaluated. Outcome measures collected included degree of fistula occlusion, postoperative symptoms, complications, and mean follow-up time. Results A total of 52 studies were included examining four primary endovascular approaches for treating dCCFs: transarterial, transfemoral–transvenous (transpetrosal or other), transorbital (percutaneous or via cutdown), and direct transfacial access. Overall data was collected from 736 patients with 817 dCCFs. Transarterial approaches exhibit lower dCCF occlusion rates (75.6%) compared to transvenous techniques via the inferior petrosal sinus (88.1%). The transorbital approach via direct puncture or surgical cutdown offers a more direct path to the cavernous sinus, although with greater complications including risk of orbital hematoma. The direct transfacial vein approach, though limited, shows up to 100% occlusion rates and minimal complications. Conclusion We provide a comprehensive review of four main endovascular approaches for dCCFs. In summary, available endovascular treatment options for dCCFs have expanded and provide effective solutions with generally favorable outcomes. While the choice of approach depends on individual patient factors and technique availability, traditional transvenous procedures have emerged as the first-line endovascular treatment. There is growing, favorable literature on direct transorbital and transfacial approaches; however, more studies directly comparing these general transvenous options are necessary to refine treatment strategies.
Optimizing thrombectomy in medium vessel occlusion: Focus on vessel diameter
Authors: Tanaka Yujiro , Watanabe Daisuke , Kanoko Yusuke , Inoue Aya , Kato Daichi , Igasaki Shota , Kikuta Akira , Ogasawara Motoyori , Kanemaru Kodai , Maruoka Hibiku 
Published: August 2024

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) is a challenging field with limited results. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a procedural strategy beginning with occluded vessel diameter measurement and matched aspiration catheter selection. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed all sequentially treated patients by mechanical thrombectomy at two comprehensive stroke centers between May 2020 and April 2023, focusing on the occluded vessel diameter. We included patients who underwent thrombectomy for MeVO based on the matching strategy (a procedural approach involving vessel diameter assessment, matching aspiration catheter selection, and firm clot engagement with or without a stent retriever). We evaluated efficacy and safety using the modified Thrombolysis in the Cerebral Infarction Scale (mTICI) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and procedure-related complications. Results Seventy patients fulfilled the final inclusion criteria. The median occluded vessel diameter was 1.71 mm. We achieved mTICI 2b/2c/3 in 82.9% and mTICI 2c/3 in 51.4% of the cases and did not observe any symptomatic ICH. We detected asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 24.3% of the cases, that is, 5.6%, 20.0%, and 45.5% in the vessel diameter groups ≥2.0, 1.5–2.0, and ≤1.5 mm, respectively. The SAH incidence was significantly higher in narrower vessel groups. The occluded vessel diameter and the contact method with clots predicted clinical outcomes. Conclusions Matching strategy-based thrombectomy yields acceptable efficiency and safety results. In narrower vessels, it is optimal to engage matched aspiration catheters and clots without the assistance of conventional stent retrievers.
Optimizing Access in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Richardson Meghan W. , Goodloe J. Brett , Su Charles A. , Gwathmey F. Winston 
Published: August 2024

Background: Arthroscopic access to the hip can be challenging. We present a reproducible, safe, and efficient method for arthroscopic access to the hip. This can be especially beneficial for hips that may be predisposed to more difficult access. Indications: Hip arthroscopy is indicated in patients with symptomatic femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) who have failed conservative treatment options. FAI surgery aims to address both bony impingement and labral pathology in the hip. Technique: In this technique, we describe methodical steps to hip access. These steps include special attention to patient positioning and preoperative radiographs, air arthrogram, bevel control for needle joint entry, careful interpretation of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and adequate capsulotomy for viewing. Results: The majority of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI have improvements in both hip function and pain. Preoperative findings of increased center edge angle and male sex may predispose patients to more difficult hip arthroscopy access. The use of this technique may aid in reproducible access. Discussion/Conclusion: Hip arthroscopy is a good option for patients who have failed conservative treatment options and have signs and symptoms of FAI. Reproducible, safe, and efficient access to the hip is critical to starting hip arthroscopy cases. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Development of a diagnostic predictive model for determining child stunting in Malawi: a comparative analysis of variable selection approaches
Authors: Mkungudza Jonathan , Twabi Halima S. , Manda Samuel O. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood stunting is a major indicator of child malnutrition and a focus area of Global Nutrition Targets for 2025 and Sustainable Development Goals. Risk factors for childhood stunting are well studied and well known and could be used in a risk prediction model for assessing whether a child is stunted or not. However, the selection of child stunting predictor variables is a critical step in the development and performance of any such prediction model. This paper compares the performance of child stunting diagnostic predictive models based on predictor variables selected using a set of variable selection methods.

Methods
Firstly, we conducted a subjective review of the literature to identify determinants of child stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa. Secondly, a multivariate logistic regression model of child stunting was fitted using the identified predictors on stunting data among children aged 0–59 months in the Malawi Demographic Health Survey (MDHS 2015–16) data. Thirdly, several reduced multivariable logistic regression models were fitted depending on the predictor variables selected using seven variable selection algorithms, namely backward, forward, stepwise, random forest, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and judgmental. Lastly, for each reduced model, a diagnostic predictive model for the childhood stunting risk score, defined as the child propensity score based on derived coefficients, was calculated for each child. The prediction risk models were assessed using discrimination measures, including area under-receiver operator curve (AUROC), sensitivity and specificity.

Results
The review identified 68 predictor variables of child stunting, of which 27 were available in the MDHS 2016–16 data. The common risk factors selected by all the variable selection models include household wealth index, age of the child, household size, type of birth (singleton/multiple births), and birth weight. The best cut-off point on the child stunting risk prediction model was 0.37 based on risk factors determined by the judgmental variable selection method. The model’s accuracy was estimated with an AUROC value of 64% (95% CI: 60%-67%) in the test data. For children residing in urban areas, the corresponding AUROC was AUC = 67% (95% CI: 58–76%), as opposed to those in rural areas, AUC = 63% (95% CI: 59–67%).

Conclusion
The derived child stunting diagnostic prediction model could be useful as a first screening tool to identify children more likely to be stunted. The identified children could then receive necessary nutritional interventions.
Specific antigen-based stratification of membranous nephropathy in patients after haematopoietic stem cell allotransplantation - a case series and literature review
Authors: Bosnić Kovačić Ines , Matošević Matija , Laganović Mario , Dika Živka , Fištrek Prlić Margareta , Ivandić Ema , Ćorić Marijana , Bulimbašić Stela , Duraković Nadira , Perić Zinaida , Desnica Lana , Vrhovac Radovan , Jelaković Bojan , Sethi Sanjeev , Vuković Brinar Ivana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a rare complication that can occur after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) who have undergone allogeneic HSCT, a new antigen called protocadherin FAT1 has been identified. Our objective is to present a case series of MN patients after HSCT with a novel antigen-based stratification.

Case presentations
Patients who developed full-blown NS due to MN after an HSCT were enrolled in the University Hospital Centre Zagreb study. The first two patients were treated with an HSCT for acute myeloid leukaemia, and both developed NS after cessation of graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The first patient had reduced kidney function, while the second had completely preserved function. Kidney biopsy showed MN with only subepithelial deposits. A thorough examination revealed that there was no secondary cause of the disease. The patients achieved complete remission after undergoing immunosuppression treatment. The third patient underwent HSCT for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. He developed both acute and chronic GVHD and also experienced avascular hip necrosis. After sixteen years, the patient developed NS with preserved kidney function. The kidney specimen showed membranous nephropathy (MN) with mesangial and subepithelial deposits. Extensive research was conducted, but no secondary cause for the MN was detected. All three cases tested negative for anti-PLA2R antibodies. Biopsy tissue samples were analysed using laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry of glomeruli for the detection of different specific antigens. Patients one and two tested positive for FAT1, whereas patient three tested positive for PCSK6.

Conclusions
MN can develop at various time intervals after HSCT. Specific antigen testing can help establish the relationship between MN and HSCT. In the future, serum testing for anti-FAT1 antibodies in HSCT patients could be significant in diagnosing FAT1-associated MN, similar to how anti-PLA2R antibodies are significant in diagnosing PLA2R-associated MN.