bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A holistic approach to bit preservation
Authors: Maj‐Britt Olmütz Zierau Eld 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of taking a holistic approach to bit preservation when setting out to find an optimal bit preservation solution for specific digital materials. In the last decade there has been an increasing awareness that bit preservation, which is to keep bits intact and readable, is far more complex than first anticipated, even in this narrow definition. This paper takes a more holistic approach to bit preservation, and looks at how an optimal bit preservation strategy can be found, when requirements like confidentiality, availability and costs are taken into account.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the various findings from previous research which have led to the holistic approach to bit preservation. This paper also includes an introduction to digital preservation with a focus on the role of bit preservation, which sets the scene for why bit preservation deserves attention in a holistic approach.FindingsThe paper presents different means to find an optimal bit preservation strategy. This consists of a model to delimit bit preservation activities, and will briefly discuss how specific material can require different bit preservation strategies as well as pointing to how such strategies can be evaluated.Research limitations/implicationsThe operational results described here are still missing work to be fully operational. However, the holistic approach is in itself an important result. Furthermore, in spite of the shortcomings, the results can assist in analysis and evaluation of bit preservation strategies.Originality/valueThis paper is an extract of the findings presented in the doctoral thesis “A holistic approach to bit preservation”. The findings are relevant for any organisation that is required to do bit preservation of its digital material.
Preparing for the age of the digital palimpsest
Authors: Bengtson Jason 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define and stimulate interest in a potential new specialty within the information science field.Design/methodology/approachSources on digital forensics and digital archeology are discussed, and the topic is examined critically from a librarian perspective. The author examines the possibility of an information science specialty pursuing the reconstruction of “digital palimpsests”, where data that later becomes historically significant has been deleted or partially overwritten on digital media.FindingsThe author identifies at least one key incident (the NASA moon landing tapes) where this potential field has already started to be defined. Examination of the literature indicates that emphasis in data recovery to this point has centered on the needs of law enforcement and disaster recovery rather than on the considerations of manuscript preservation, recovery, and curation. The author emphasizes the need for librarians to bring together the skills of multiple fields, especially that of information technology, in order to shape the tools needed to take the lead in “digital palimpsest” recovery.Originality/valueThe author asserts that the recovery of “digital palimpsests” will become important as digital archives age and society's position on what has historical value inevitably shifts. The author further asserts that members of the information science field must actively work to take ownership of the field before it is subsumed by information technology or another discipline less equipped to manage its nebulous considerations effectively.
Change management for Colombian entrepreneurs in displacement situation
Authors: Gámez Gutiérrez Jorge Alberto , Manuel Saiz Álvarez José 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to propose new management techniques applied to Colombian entrepreneurs in displacement situation (EDS) based on education, solidarity, financial aid and social inclusion programs.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was conducted between March and September 2010 with a mixture of 92 direct interviews using Alfa Ti, and Delphi surveys to 92 entrepreneurs, of whom 46 were EDS. In order to distinguish between entrepreneurs and EDS, three methodologies were applied: classification into two phases; hierarchical classification (dendrograms); and K‐averages classification. Results were different for the three analyses, although they do have similarities (three clusters of outliers).FindingsThe main findings are: distinction among opportunity effect, need effect and survival effect; conceptualization, characterization and classification of EDS; distinction between entrepreneurs and EDS; design of the “five Cs” pentagon; elaboration of the pyramid of micro‐corporate success for EDS.Originality/valueTo date there is no theoretical model to develop administrative skills for EDS to carry out change management in third world countries with social conflicts.
Extending the efficient and responsive supply chains framework to the green context
Authors: Youn Sunhee , Yang Ma Ga (Mark) , Jungbae Roh James 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop research frameworks for two types of green supply chains based on Fisher's seminal work. In spite of Fisher's contribution to the literature, his study has rarely been extended into green supply chain contexts, except in a few conceptual arguments. The current study explores how Fisher's perspective of efficient versus responsive supply chains can be a stepping stone to the development of two green supply chains: eco‐efficient and eco‐responsive supply chains.Design/methodology/approachToward the above end, a case methodology is employed (Yin). Two Korean global companies, Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO) and Samsung Electronics (SEC), are selected to explore eco‐efficient and eco‐responsive supply chains. POSCO (steel products) is selected to enable the understanding of how efficient and eco‐efficient supply chains work. SEC (mobile phone products) is chosen to understand responsive and eco‐responsive supply chains.FindingsThe findings suggest that POSCO tends to stress process technology innovation as a means to address green pressures, while SEC accentuates the green product strategy; while an eco‐efficient supply chain focuses on keeping to an environmental standard across the supply chains, an eco‐responsive supply chain centers on the collaboration of suppliers and distributors in greening the supply chain; and SEC takes more initiatives to educate and encourage consumers to engage in recycling activities than POSCO does.Originality/valueFew studies have examined the green supply chain using the perspective of Fisher's framework (efficient vs responsive supply chains). By addressing the timely topic, this study fills a research gap in green supply chain literature.
Experiences in managing uncertainty and ignorance in a lightly instrumented smart home
Authors: Dominici Michele , Pietropaoli Bastien , Weis Frédéric 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an inter‐disciplinary experience in building a context‐aware system that provides adapted functionalities to inhabitants of a smart home. The paper focuses on the management of uncertainty that is intrinsic to pervasive computing systems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the principles that characterize the context‐aware architecture: the acceptability‐driven design, where privacy and acceptability are favored; the awareness of the gap between the reality of human activity and the capabilities of the capture process; the step‐by‐step abstraction of contextual information; the management of uncertainty imprecision and ignorance at individual‐ and cross‐layer levels. The paper presents the principles and describes the system architecture, focusing on the management of uncertainty.FindingsThe authors built a layered architecture that manages and propagates uncertainty, imprecision and ignorance, allowing the recognition of ambiguous contexts and the provision of adapted functionalities. The paper illustrates this architecture and an application leveraging it.Research limitations/implicationsFuture work will investigate the exploitation of feedback mechanisms and the recognition of context dynamics. These improvements will allow resolving inconsistencies and ambiguities in context information and improving the provision of functionalities in situations characterized by temporal developments.Practical implicationsThe research aims at realizing the long‐term vision of smart homes that provide adapted functionalities to inhabitants: saving energy and improving comfort and quality of domestic life.Originality/valueThe paper introduces some principles that can be considered when designing a context‐aware system and presents an architecture that follows those principles. Researchers in the smart home and pervasive computing domains may consider this paper when designing their context‐aware architectures.
Staphylococcus aureus‐derived extracellular vesicles induce neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation via both Th1 and Th17 cell responses
Authors: Kim M.‐R. , Hong S.‐W. , Choi E.‐B. , Lee W.‐H. , Kim Y.‐S. , Jeon S. G. , Jang M. H. , Gho Y. S. , Kim Y.‐K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence indicates that Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most important human pathogens, secretes vesicles into the extracellular milieu.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether inhalation of S. aureus‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) is causally related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory pulmonary diseases.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus EV were prepared by sequential ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. The innate immune response was evaluated in vitro after the application of EV to airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. In vivo innate and adaptive immune responses were evaluated after airway exposure to EV. Adjuvant effects of EV on the development of hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens were also evaluated after airway sensitization with S. aureus EV and ovalbumin (OVA).ResultsStaphylococcus aureus and S. aureus EV were detected in house dust. Alveolar macrophages produced both tumor necrosis α (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) after in vitro stimulation with S. aureus EV, whereas airway epithelial cells produced only IL‐6. Repeated airway exposure to S. aureus EV induced both Th1 and Th17 cell responses and neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, mainly via a Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2)‐dependent mechanism. In terms of adjuvant effects, airway sensitization with S. aureus EV and OVA resulted in neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation after OVA challenge alone. This phenotype was partly reversed by the absence of interferon γ (IFN‐γ) or IL‐17.ConclusionStaphylococcus aureus EV can induce Th1 and Th17 neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, mainly in a TLR2‐dependent manner. Additionally, S. aureus EV enhance the development of airway hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens.
Development and construct validation of the angioedema quality of life questionnaire
Authors: Weller K. , Groffik A. , Magerl M. , Tohme N. , Martus P. , Krause K. , Metz M. , Staubach P. , Maurer M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent angioedema is a frequent clinical problem characterized by unpredictably and rapidly occurring cutaneous and mucosal swellings. These swellings may be painful and/or disfiguring. Upper airway involvement can also lead to dyspnea and suffocation. Although the disease burden is high, there is currently no specific instrument to measure health‐related quality of life (QoL) impairment.ObjectiveTo develop and validate the first symptom‐specific tool to assess QoL impairment in recurrent angioedema patients, adhering to established methodological recommendations.MethodsDuring the development phase, 29 questions (items) were generated. Subsequently, item reduction was performed by means of impact analysis and factor analysis as well as by checking for content and face validity. As a result, 17 items were selected and included in the final instrument, the Angioedema QoL Questionnaire (AE‐QoL). AE‐QoL was then tested for its validity, reliability, and influence factors.ResultsOne hundred and ten angioedema patients took part in the validation of AE‐QoL. AE‐QoL was found to have a four‐dimensional structure as well as a valid total score. All of its four domains (functioning, fatigue/mood, fears/shame, food) showed good levels of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha > 0.8. Test–retesting revealed a good reliability of the instruments total score and domain scores. Gender as well as the patients' self‐rated disease activity was found to be predictors of the AE‐QoL total score.ConclusionsAngioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire is the first angioedema‐specific QoL questionnaire. It is a short, valid and reliable instrument that may serve as a valuable tool in future clinical studies and in routine patient care.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Monami M. , Ahrén B. , Dicembrini I. , Mannucci E. 
Published: August 2012

AimsPreliminary data from randomized trials with metabolic outcomes have shown that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) could be associated with a reduced incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE). The present meta‐analysis is aimed at verifying this protective effect, collecting all available data from randomized trials.MethodsA comprehensive search for published and unpublished trials with a duration ≥24 weeks comparing DPP4i with placebo or other drugs was performed, retrieving all MACE reported as serious adverse events together with death from any cause. Mantel–Haenzel odds ratio (MH–OR) was calculated with random effect models for MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality. When available, effects on glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile and blood pressure were also assessed and used for the estimation of the modification of risk for myocardial infarction using the UKPDS risk engine.ResultsA total of 70 trials, enrolling 41 959 patients with a mean follow‐up of 44.1 weeks, was collected and included in the analysis. The MH–OR (95% Confidence Interval) was 0.71[0.59;0.86], 0.64[0.44;0.94], 0.77[0.48;1.24] and 0.60[0.41;0.88] for MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality, respectively.ConclusionsTreatment with DPP4i reduces the risk of cardiovascular events (particularly myocardial infarction) and all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction is greater than what predicted on the basis of conventional risk factors, suggesting a role for other mechanisms.
Productivity, grazing utilization, forage quality and primary production controls of species‐rich alpine grasslands with Nardus stricta in northern Spain
Authors: Bedia J. , Busqué J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpecies‐rich alpine grasslands with Nardus stricta are important communities for both animal production and environmental conservation in Europe. We selected two contrasting types of Nardus grasslands (mesic and wet) within a rangeland of northern Spain and measured annual above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP), botanical components, forage utilization and their respective seasonal patterns, during a 5‐year period. We analysed their chemical properties and recorded soil moisture and temperature in order to construct models able to explain grassland productivity. Mean annual ANPP of mesic Nardus grassland was about half (216 g DM m−2 year−1; ±29·8 s.e.) that of the wet grassland (406 g DM m−2 year−1; ±54·3 s.e.), with significant intra‐ and interannual variability. Mesic grassland, with a more important contribution of forbs and legumes over graminoids in its botanical composition, was the preferred forage source of grazing livestock and showed better chemical properties in spring and early summer. In summer and autumn, wet grassland had a higher utilization owing to its ability to maintain high biomass production. This was partially explained by soil moisture, a limiting factor of mesic grassland productivity. Our results provide new and relevant information on key aspects of species‐rich alpine Nardus grasslands, potentially useful for the definition of management options for these habitats of priority conservation.
Genetic polymorphism of IL28B in hepatitis C‐infected haemophilia patients in Israel
Authors: Maor Y. , Morali G. , Bashari D. , Pénaranda G. , Schapiro J. M. , Martinowitz U. , Halfon P. 
Published: August 2012

SummarySingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene were identified as major predictors of treatment response (sustained virologic response – SVR) and spontaneous clearance of HCV. Haemophilia patients have the highest prevalence of HCV, and are a unique target for genetic studies. The Israeli population is ethnically heterogeneous; therefore, genetic variability is anticipated. To determine the IL28B haplotypes in HCV‐infected haemophilia patients and association with SVR and spontaneous viral clearance. IL28B polymorphism at SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 was determined in sera obtained from 130 HCV‐infected haemophilia patients. The frequency of the various haplotypes was analysed according to treatment response, spontaneous HCV clearance, viral load and degree of fibrosis. The CC haplotype at SNP rs12979860 was found in 31% of patients, whereas the TT genotype at SNP rs8099917 was detected in 57% of cases. SVR was achieved in 70% of patients carrying the CC haplotype (P = 0.0196 vs. CT/TT), and 50% of the TT genotype at SNP rs8099917 (P = 0.0227 vs. TG/GG). Thirty‐five percent of patients carrying the CC haplotype and 26% with the TT genotype at SNP rs8099917 showed spontaneous clearance of HCV infection (P = 0.00262 vs. CT/TT; and P = 0.00371 vs. TG/GG respectively). The C‐allele frequency was exceptionally high (71%) in immigrants from the Asian republics of Russia. In HCV‐infected haemophilia patients, SVR was more commonly achieved among patients who had the CC (rs12979860) or TT (rs8099917) genotype. Likewise, patients who possess harbour the CC or TT genotypes were more likely to clear HCV infection spontaneously. A unique distribution of the CC genotype was observed in some ethnic groups.
Effects of traditional, blended and e‐learning on students' achievement in higher education
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Awadh A.Y. , Higgins S.E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe study investigates the effect of e‐learning, blended learning and classroom learning on students’ achievement. Two experimental groups together with a control group from Umm Al‐Qura University in Saudi Arabia were identified randomly. To assess students’ achievement in the different groups, pre‐ and post‐achievement tests were used. The results of the study (N = 148) show that there was a statistically significant difference between the three methods in terms of students’ achievement favouring the blended learning method (n = 55) with a substantial effect size of 1.34 (Hedges’ g). No significant difference was found between the e‐learning (n = 43) and traditional learning groups (n = 50) in terms of students’ achievement and with a negligible effect size of 0.02.
Harnessing collective knowledge inherent in tag clouds
Authors: Cress U. , Held C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTagging systems represent the conceptual knowledge of a community. We experimentally tested whether people harness this collective knowledge when navigating through the Web. As a within‐factor we manipulated people's prior knowledge (no knowledge vs. prior knowledge that was congruent/incongruent to the collective knowledge inherent in the tags). As between‐factor we manipulated whether people had tag clouds available or not. In line with the Information Foraging Theory and with the Co‐Evolution Model of individual learning and collective knowledge building, we found that people's prior knowledge and tag clouds influenced their navigation. Tags which were congruent with people's prior knowledge had a higher probability of being selected. A knowledge test showed that participants adapted their individual conceptual knowledge to the collective knowledge. This incidental learning shows that people harness collective knowledge just by navigation with tag clouds.
Argument graph as a tool for promoting collaborative online reading
Authors: Kiili Carita 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study explored how the construction of an argument graph promotes students' collaborative online reading compared to note‐taking. Upper secondary school students (n = 76) worked in pairs. The pairs were asked to search for and read source material on the Web for a joint essay and either construct an argument graph or take notes during online reading. The data consist of transcription protocols of student pairs' discussions and joint essays. The study indicated that argument graphs may be useful tools when teachers want students to pay attention to the argumentative content of online sources and to consider relations between arguments. Additionally, with argument graphs, teachers can support students' post‐reading activities, such as source‐based argumentative writing.
Ultrastructural morphogenesis of salmonid alphavirus 1
Authors: Herath T K , Ferguson H W , Thompson K D , Adams A , Richards R H 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStudies on the ultrastructural morphogenesis of viruses give an insight into how the host cell mechanisms are utilized for new virion synthesis. A time course examining salmonid alphavirus 1 (SAV 1) assembly was performed by culturing the virus on Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE‐214). Different stages of viral replication were observed under electron microscopy. Virus‐like particles were observed inside membrane‐bound vesicles as early as 1 h following contact of the virus with the cells. Membrane‐dependent replication complexes were observed in the cytoplasm of the cells, with spherules found at the periphery of late endosome‐like vacuoles. The use of intracellular membranes for RNA replication is similar to other positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. The number of Golgi apparatus and associated vacuoles characterized by ‘fuzzy’‐coated membranes was greater in virus‐infected cells. The mature enveloped virions started to bud out from the cells at approximately 24 h post‐infection. These observations suggest that the pathway used by SAV 1 for the generation of new virus particles in vitro is comparable to viral replication observed with mammalian alphaviruses but with some interesting differences.
Isolation of bacterial probiotic candidates from the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and screening for inhibitory activity against Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Burbank D R , LaPatra S E , Fornshell G , Cain K D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this study, 318 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of 29 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). These bacteria were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of coldwater disease. Bacteria observed to inhibit F. psychrophilum growth were further screened against rainbow trout bile, as an indicator of their ability to survive in the GI tract. This screening resulted in narrowing the pool to 24 bacterial isolates. Those 24 isolates were then tested for pathogenicity in rainbow trout by intraperitoneal injection. Following a 28‐day challenge, eight isolates were shown to cause direct mortality and were eliminated from further study. As a result, 16 bacterial isolates were identified as probiotic candidates with the potential to control or reduce disease caused by F. psychrophilum.