bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completion of fit notes by GPs: a mixed methods study
Authors: Coole Carol , Nouri Fiona , Potgieter Iskra , Drummond Avril 
Published: July 2015

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the completion of fit notes by UK general practitioners (GPs). A series of actual fit notes issued to employed patients were examined, and their GPs’ reflections and experiences of fit note completion explored. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used. Data were collected from copies of 94 fit notes issued to employed patients by 11 GPs, and from 86 questionnaires completed by these GPs reflecting on the fit notes they had issued. Face-to-face interviews were then conducted with each GP. Results: Fit note completion is not meeting expectations for a number of reasons. These include the following: limited knowledge and awareness of the guidance in fit note completion; problems with the fit note format; lack of mandatory training in completing fit notes; lack of incentive to change practice; incomplete implementation of the electronic fit note; GPs’ lack of confidence in, and doubts about the appropriateness of performing this role. Conclusion: If UK GPs are to continue their contractual responsibility for completing fit notes, further consideration of their education and training needs is urgently required. Weaknesses in the design and format of the fit note and the availability of the electronic version also need to be addressed.
Kiwi genome provides insights into evolution of a nocturnal lifestyle
Authors: Le Duc Diana , Renaud Gabriel , Krishnan Arunkumar , Almén Markus Sällman , Huynen Leon , Prohaska Sonja J. , Ongyerth Matthias , Bitarello Bárbara D. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Hofreiter Michael , Stadler Peter F. , Prüfer Kay , Lambert David , Kelso Janet , Schöneberg Torsten 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background
Kiwi, comprising five species from the genus Apteryx, are endangered, ground-dwelling bird species endemic to New Zealand. They are the smallest and only nocturnal representatives of the ratites. The timing of kiwi adaptation to a nocturnal niche and the genomic innovations, which shaped sensory systems and morphology to allow this adaptation, are not yet fully understood.

Results
We sequenced and assembled the brown kiwi genome to 150-fold coverage and annotated the genome using kiwi transcript data and non-redundant protein information from multiple bird species. We identified evolutionary sequence changes that underlie adaptation to nocturnality and estimated the onset time of these adaptations. Several opsin genes involved in color vision are inactivated in the kiwi. We date this inactivation to the Oligocene epoch, likely after the arrival of the ancestor of modern kiwi in New Zealand. Genome comparisons between kiwi and representatives of ratites, Galloanserae, and Neoaves, including nocturnal and song birds, show diversification of kiwi’s odorant receptors repertoire, which may reflect an increased reliance on olfaction rather than sight during foraging. Further, there is an enrichment of genes influencing mitochondrial function and energy expenditure among genes that are rapidly evolving specifically on the kiwi branch, which may also be linked to its nocturnal lifestyle.

Conclusions
The genomic changes in kiwi vision and olfaction are consistent with changes that are hypothesized to occur during adaptation to nocturnal lifestyle in mammals. The kiwi genome provides a valuable genomic resource for future genome-wide comparative analyses to other extinct and extant diurnal ratites.
Accelerated Mann and CQ algorithms for finding a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping
Authors: Dong Qiao-Li , Yuan Han-bo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present accelerations of the Mann and CQ algorithms. We first apply the Picard algorithm to the smooth convex minimization problem and point out that the Picard algorithm is the steepest descent method for solving the minimization problem. Next, we provide the accelerated Picard algorithm by using the ideas of conjugate gradient methods that accelerate the steepest descent method. Then, based on the accelerated Picard algorithm, we present accelerations of the Mann and CQ algorithms. Under certain assumptions, we show that the new algorithms converge to a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping. Finally, we show the efficiency of the accelerated Mann algorithm by numerically comparing with the Mann algorithm. A numerical example is provided to illustrate that the acceleration of the CQ algorithm is ineffective.
Iterative approximation of solutions for proximal split feasibility problems
Authors: Shehu Yekini , Cai Gang , Iyiola Olaniyi S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, our aim is to introduce a viscosity type algorithm for solving proximal split feasibility problems and prove the strong convergence of the sequences generated by our iterative schemes in Hilbert spaces. First, we prove strong convergence result for a problem of finding a point which minimizes a convex function f such that its image under a bounded linear operator A minimizes another convex function g. Secondly, we prove another strong convergence result for the case where one of the two involved functions is prox-regular. In all our results in this work, our iterative schemes are proposed by way of selecting the step sizes such that their implementation does not need any prior information about the operator norm because the calculation or at least an estimate of the operator norm $\|A\|$
∥
A
∥
is not an easy task. Finally, we give a numerical example to study the efficiency and implementation of our iterative schemes. Our results complement the recent results of Moudafi and Thakur (Optim. Lett. 8:2099-2110, 2014, doi:10.1007/s11590-013-0708-4) and other recent important results in this direction.
Augmented reality applications for cultural heritage using Kinect
Authors: Bostanci Erkan , Kanwal Nadia , Clark Adrian F 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the use of data from the Kinect sensor for performing augmented reality, with emphasis on cultural heritage applications. It is shown that the combination of depth and image correspondences from the Kinect can yield a reliable estimate of the location and pose of the camera, though noise from the depth sensor introduces an unpleasant jittering of the rendered view. Kalman filtering of the camera position was found to yield a much more stable view. Results show that the system is accurate enough for in situ augmented reality applications. Skeleton tracking using Kinect data allows the appearance of participants to be augmented, and together these facilitate the development of cultural heritage applications.
Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Tamils aged over 18 years in Jaffna district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasinghe Sivarathy , Balakumar Sandrasegarampillai , Arasaratnam Vasanthy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background
The aim was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) among adults aged over 18 years in Jaffna district, Sri Lanka.

Methods
This study was carried out as a community based cross sectional descriptive study in Jaffna district, Sri Lanka. Multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed. Total sample size was 544. An interviewer administrated questionnaire was used to gather data. Waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded in standard method. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained from all subjects. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triacylglycerols were analyzed by the enzymatic colorimetric assay (Semi Automated analyser Teco Diagnostics TC 3300). Modified National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criterion was used to define the MS.

Results
Sample response rate was 95.3 %. Of them, 43.8 % (n = 224) was male. Prevalence of central obesity (WC for male ≥102 cm, female ≥88 cm) was 16.2 %. Prevalence of raised FPG (≥100 mg/dL), hypertriacylglycerolaemia (≥150 mg/dl), low level of HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in males, <50 mg/dL in females) and raised BP (systolic BP ≥130 or diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg) were 23.9, 25, 79.3 and 36.6 % respectively. Prevalence of MS was 24.1 % (n = 123, 95 % CI: 20.4-28) and it was 26.8 and 21.9 % among males and females respectively. Participants living in urban area had higher prevalence of MS when compared with participants living in rural area (P = 0.015). Older age (P < 0.001) and smoking (P = 0.005) were risk factor for development of MS. Prevalence of MS among the participants with sedentary and active lifestyle was 29.9 and 23.7 % respectively.

Conclusion
One out of four had MS. Old age, urban living and smoking carried higher risk for developing MS in Jaffna community.
Phase II Investigator-Initiated Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome With Variable CD30 Expression Level: A Multi-Institution Collaborative Project
Authors: Kim Youn H. , Tavallaee Mahkam , Sundram Uma , Salva Katrin A. , Wood Gary S. , Li Shufeng , Rozati Sima , Nagpal Seema , Krathen Michael , Reddy Sunil , Hoppe Richard T. , Nguyen-Lin Annie , Weng Wen-Kai , Armstrong Randall , Pulitzer Melissa , Advani Ranjana H. , Horwitz Steven M. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose In contrast to Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, CD30 expression of malignant lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) is quite variable. Clinical activity and safety of brentuximab vedotin, a CD30 targeting antibody-drug conjugate, was evaluated in MF and SS. Tissue and blood biomarkers of clinical response were explored. Patients and Methods In this phase II study, patients with MF or SS with negligible to 100% CD30 expression levels were treated with brentuximab vedotin (1.8 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for a maximum of sixteen doses. The primary end point was overall global response rate. Secondary end points included correlation of tissue CD30 expression level with clinical response, time to response, duration of response, progression-free and event-free survivals, and safety. Results Of the 32 patients enrolled and treated, 30 patients had available efficacy evaluations. Objective global response was observed in 21 (70%) of 30 patients (90% CI, 53% to 83%). CD30 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry was highly variable, with a median CD30max of 13% (range, 0% to 100%). Those with <5% CD30 expression had a lower likelihood of global response than did those with 5% or greater CD30 expression (P < .005). CD163 positive tumor-associated macrophages, many of which coexpress CD30, were abundant in tissue. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common adverse event. Conclusion Brentuximab vedotin demonstrated significant clinical activity in treatment-refractory or advanced MF or SS with a wide range of CD30 expression levels. Additional biomarker studies may help optimize rational design of combination therapies with brentuximab vedotin.
Explaining Large-Scale Policy Change in the Turkish Health Care System: Ideas, Institutions, and Political Actors
Authors: Agartan Tuba I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractExplaining policy change has been one of the major concerns of the health care politics and policy development literature. This article aims to explain the specific dynamics of large-scale reforms introduced within the framework of the Health Transformation Program in Turkey. It argues that confluence of the three streams — problem, policy, and politics — with the exceptional political will of the Justice and Development Party's (JDP) leaders opened up a window of opportunity for a large-scale policy change. The article also underscores the contribution of recent ideational perspectives that help explain “why” political actors in Turkey would focus on health care reform, given that there are a number of issues waiting to be addressed in the policy agenda. Examining how political actors framed problems and policies deepens our understanding of the content of the reform initiatives as well as the construction of the need to reform. The article builds on the insights of both the ideational and institutionalist perspectives when it argues that the interests, aspirations, and fears of the JDP, alongside the peculiar characteristics of the institutional context, have shaped its priorities and determination to carry out this reform initiative.
The Impact of the ACA on Premiums: Evidence from the Self-Employed
Authors: Heim Bradley T. , Hunter Gillian , Lurie Ithai Z. , Ramnath Shanthi P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article examines the impact of the Affordable Care Act on premiums by studying a segment of the nongroup market, the self-employed. Because self-employed health insurance premiums are deductible, tax data contain comprehensive individual-level information on the premiums paid by this group prior to the establishment of health insurance exchanges. We compare these prior premiums to reference silver premiums available on the exchanges and find that exchange premiums are 4.2 percent higher on average among the entire sample but 42.3 percent lower on average after taxes and subsidies. We also examine which type of exchange coverage would cost less than the individual's prior health insurance premiums and find that almost 60 percent of families could purchase bronze plans for less than their prior premiums, though only about a quarter could purchase platinum plans. After taxes and subsidies, the fractions increase to over 85 percent for bronze plans and over half for platinum plans.
Alkynoxy-Directed C–H Functionalizations: Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Annulations of Alkynyl Aryl Ethers with Alkynes
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Shiraishi Yuki , Kodama Tatsuro , Kanda Mayuko , Yamada Kotomi , Anami Tomohiro , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Palladium(0)-catalyzed insertion/annulation sequence between aryl silylethynyl ethers and internal alkynes was found to proceed through activation of ortho-C–H bonds assisted by alkynoxy groups and gave stereoselectively (Z)-2-silylmethylenechromenes. These products could be easily converted into 2,2-alkylated 2H-chromene derivatives, an important structural motif in medicinal chemistry and materials science. Various aryl silylethynyl ethers and alkynes can be transformed under the reaction conditions, and a wide range of chromenes is thus accessible. When unsymmetric alkynes are employed, a regioselective annulation takes place, especially those containing aryl and/or bulky substituents. Catalytic systems based on palladium(0), such as Pd(OAc)2/PCy3/Zn, [Pd(dba)2]/PCy3, or Pd(PCy3)2 exhibit excellent catalytic activity, and the best performance is observed for Pd(PCy3)2 in combination with Zn(OAc)2 as an additive. Substituents on the aryl group in the alkynyl aryl ethers rarely affect the reaction rate. Deuterium-labeling experiments suggest that the ortho-hydrogen atom migrates to the 2-methylene position in the chromene products. The cleavage of the C–H bond is considered to be the rate-determining step in these reactions.
Do CIO IT Budgets Explain Bigger or Smaller Governments? Theory and Evidence from U.S. State Governments
Authors: Pang Min-Seok , Tafti Ali , Krishnan M. S. 
Published: July 2015

Given the recent concern on “big governments” and rising budget deficits in the United States and European nations, there has been a fundamental economic debate on the proper boundary and role of governments in a society. Inspired by this debate, we study the relationship between information technology (IT) and government size. Drawing on a broad range of the literature from multiple disciplines such as information systems, industrial organization, and political sciences, we present several theoretical mechanisms that explain the impact of IT on government expenditures. Using a variety of data on IT spending and state government expenditures, we find that greater IT investments made by a state chief information officer (CIO) are associated with lower state government spending. It is estimated that on average, a $1 increase in state CIO budgets is associated with a reduction of as much as $3.49 in state overall expenditures. This study contributes to the literature by identifying a key technological factor that affects government spending and showing that IT investments can be a means to restrain government growth. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Actitudes hacia la inmigración y los inmigrantes: ¿en qué es España excepcional?
Authors: Rinken Sebastian 
Published: July 2015

Cuando una sociedad inmigratoria experimenta graves problemas económicos, actitudes hostiles hacia la poblacióninmigrada suelen incrementarse: en este sentido apuntan teorías ampliamente reconocidas, así como una nutrida evidencia empírica.No obstante, pese a reunir las aludidas condiciones, el caso español desmiente estas previsiones: durante los primeros seis años de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008, la preocupación por el tema inmigratorio y la animosidad hacia las personas inmigradas han disminuido. ¿En qué radica esta excepcionalidad española? Este artículo retrata la situación de partida y la evolución de las actitudes desde 2008, identifica varias hipótesis explicativas, y señala sus implicaciones para las políticas públicas.
A contracorriente. Trabajadores y empresarios chinos en España ante la crisis económica (2007-2013)
Authors: Beltrán Antolín Joaquín , Sáiz López Amelia 
Published: July 2015

A partir de una comparación de los efectos de la crisis económica (2007-2013) en España sobre la población y trabajadores nacionales y extranjeros con los de origen chino, se pone de manifiesto la conducta diferencial de estos últimos, a contracorriente de la tendencia de pérdida de empleo. Las y los trabajadores y empresarios chinos aumentan de forma constante consolidando y profundizandoestrategias previas de su inserción en el mercado laboral español mediante el desarrollo de nichos económicos étnicos donde la propiedad de empresas de carácter familiar es el modelo dominante. La coincidencia del comienzo de la crisis económica (2007) con la apertura de un nuevo nicho étnico a la espera de su expansión, con una reducción de los costes iniciales de sus negocios, ha permitido una aceleración en el acceso a la propiedad de empresas familiares.
Lithospheric structure of the Arabian Shield from joint inversion of P- and S-wave receiver functions and dispersion velocities
Authors: Al-Amri Abdullah M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
New velocity models of lithospheric thickness and velocity structure have been developed for the Arabian Shield by three tasks: 1) Computing P-Wave Receiver Functions (PRFs) and S-Wave Receiver Functions (SRFs) for all the broadband stations within the Saudi seismic networks. The number of receiver function waveforms depends on the recording time window and quality of the broadband station. 2) Computing ambient noise correlation Green’s functions for all available station pairs within the Saudi seismic networks to image the shear velocity in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Arabian Peninsula. Together they provided hundreds of additional, unique paths exclusively sampling the region of interest. Both phase and group velocities for all the resulting empirical Green’s functions have been measured and to be used in the joint inversion. 3) Jointly inverted the PRFs and SRFs obtained in task 1 with dispersion velocities measured on the Green’s functions obtained in task 2 and with fundamental-mode, Rayleigh-wave, group and phase velocities borrowed from the tomographic studies to precisely determine 1D crustal velocity structure and upper mantle. The analysis of the PRFs revealed values of 25-45 km for crustal thickness, with the thin crust next to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba and the thicker crust under the platform, and Vp/Vs ratios in the 1.70-1.80 range, suggesting a range of compositions (felsic to mafic) for the shield’s crust. The migrated SRFs suggest lithospheric thicknesses in the 80-100 km range for portions of the shield close to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba and near the Arabian Gulf. Generally, the novelty of the velocity models developed under this paper has consisted in the addition of SRF data to extend the velocity models down to lithospheric and sub-lithospheric depths.
The application of malacological analysis in the study of slope deposits: late Pleistocene and Holocene of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Slope deposits developed on calcareous sandstone and limestone formations in the eastern part of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians) were studied. In total, the analysis included fifteen profiles of such sediments, which revealed the presence of abundant malacofaunas comprising 39 mollusc species. Five faunistic assemblages differing in species composition and structure were defined in the material studied. Individual assemblages correspond to different climatic and environmental conditions, thereby making it possible to interpret the features of the sedimentary environments and specify the age of the deposits. Faunas with Pupilla loessica and Pupilla sterri containing species typical of loess formations are characteristic of deposits from the coldest phase of the last Glacial period (MIS 2). A fauna with Vertigo genesii, with a large proportion of cold-loving and moisture-loving taxa, is typical of the Younger Dryas. Associations that are dominated by shade-loving species, with Discus ruderatus and Discus perspectivus, correspond to the early and middle Holocene respectively. The investigations show that malacological analysis can be successfully applied to the research into slope deposits, enabling both the depositional conditions and the age of the sediments to be determined.
The extraterrestrial matter falls in west-central Poland (Great Poland Lowland); historical and geological data
Authors: Stankowski Wojciech T.J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Direct and indirect evidence of falls of extraterrestrial matter in west-central Poland (Great Poland Lowland) is proved historically and environmentally. The chronological list of such events has historical (documents, medieval paintings, newspaper reports), geological and morphological documentation. The most important are the environmental sites of Morasko/Oborniki, Przełazy and Jankowo Dolne, where metallic meteorites were recognized. These meteorite falls represent a series of cosmic events: the Morasko fall was c. 5000 years BP, the Przełazy fall was c. 10000 years BP, and the age of the Jankowo Dolne fall is not fully documented.
The Safety and Hygiene at Work in a School Curriculum
Authors: Ižová Katarína 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the implementation of safety, hygiene and health measures at work into the education at all levels - from preschools to university education. It is focused on the purposeful and systematic shaping and developing the knowledge and expertise in OSH (Occupational safety and health) from an early age, because this issue is under current legislation concerning teaching.