bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bridge not too Far: Personalized Medicine with the use of Theragnostic Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Srivastava Suresh C 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
This article deals primarily with the selection criteria, production, and the nuclear, physical, and chemical properties of certain dual-purpose radionuclides, including those that are currently being used, or studied and evaluated, and those that warrant future investigations. Various scientific and practical issues related to the production and availability of these radionuclides is briefly addressed. At brookhaven national laboratory (BNL), we have developed a paradigm that involves specific individual ‘dual-purpose’ radionuclides or radionuclide pairs with emissions suitable for both imaging and therapy, and which when molecularly (selectively) targeted using appropriate carriers, would allow pre-therapy low-dose imaging plus higher-dose therapy in the same patient. We have made an attempt to sort out and organize a number of such theragnostic radionuclides and radionuclide pairs that may thus potentially bring us closer to the age-long dream of personalized medicine for performing tailored low-dose molecular imaging (SPECT/CT or PET/CT) to provide the necessary pretherapy information on biodistribution, dosimetry, the limiting or critical organ or tissue, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), etc., followed by performing higher-dose targeted molecular therapy in the same patient with the same radiopharmaceutical. As an example, our preclinical and clinical studies with the theragnostic radionuclide Sn-117m are covered in somewhat greater detail.
A troublesome problem that remains yet to be fully resolved is the lack of availability, in sufficient quantities and at reasonable cost, of a majority of the best candidate theragnostic radionuclides in a no-carrier-added (NCA) form. In this regard, a summary description of recently developed new or modified methods at BNL for the production of five theragnostic radionuclide/radionuclide pair items, whose nuclear, physical, and chemical characteristics seem to show promise for therapeutic oncology and for treating other disorders that respond to radionuclide therapy, is provided.

How to cite this article
Srivastava SC. A Bridge not too Far: Personalized Medicine with the use of Theragnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):31-46.
Theoretical Frameworks Applied in Music Education Research: A Content Analysis of theJournal of Research in Music Education,1979 to 2009
Authors: Miksza Peter , Johnson Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine which theoretical frameworks have been employed in music education research and which academic fields of knowledge have had an influence on music education research. Studies published in the JRME between 1979 and 2009 (N = 726) were coded to determine: (a) whether each article cited a theoretical framework related to the respective problem under investigation or not; (b) the emphasis area of the study (e.g., sample characteristic); and (c) the academic field of knowledge in which the theory was generated. Cady’s (1992) definition of theory was used to develop the codes: "a logical deductive relationship among declarative sentences whose propositional quality yields the attitude found in statements of belief that offer an explanation of a phenomenon" (p. 62). Intercoder agreement across categories was excellent (96%). Thirty-two percent of all articles cited a theoretical framework, with a range of 9% to 48% across specific years. A large number (144) of distinct theoretical frameworks was found. Leblanc’s Interactive Theory of Music Preference was the most commonly cited theory (n = 30), followed by Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology (n = 12) and Attribution Theory (n = 10). Studies dealing with elementary/secondary-general music and higher-education/teacher education were most likely to incorporate theoretical frameworks. Psychology (n = 108), music education (n = 78), and general education (n = 35) were the most commonly represented fields of knowledge.
The Nature of Applied Music Teaching Expertise: Common Elements Observed in the Lessons of Three Applied Teachers
Authors: Parkes Kelly A. , Wexler Mathias 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of applied music instruction in partial replication of an earlier study by Duke and Simmons (2006). Our study was designed to explore whether teaching characteristics were evident in a different population of teachers and students and we examined 14 hours of video recordings of lessons given to students by three experienced applied teachers at a state university (n = 13). Comparing the previously reported narrative descriptions of Duke and Simmons, our findings showed some behaviors from the Duke and Simmons study were evident, with similar rates of frequency. Additionally identified were seven new elements, all of which were evident across three teachers. Teachers in our study behaved differently to teachers in the earlier study (Duke & Simmons, 2006) in terms of the specificity and type of intervention within lessons. Our teachers were concrete in their comments, and the types of scaffolding strategies they employed were side coaching and short demonstrations.
Implications for future research and teaching effectiveness are discussed.
Survivor Curve Selection and Customer Relationship Value
Authors: Ellsworth Richard K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The valuation profession employs a variety of statistical techniques, from simple attrition analysis to more complex retirement rate analysis, to assess customer population life characteristics. For many customer populations, the account survival characteristics are assumed to be constant across the various age cohorts of the population such that customer relationship value is indifferent to account age. However, relaxation of the constant attrition rate characteristic can have a direct influence on the magnitude of the value ascribed to the customer relationship value.
Beyond Attrition Analysis for Estimating Customer Relationship Remaining Life
Authors: Ellsworth Richard K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Attrition analysis is recognized by valuation professionals as a simple method to estimate customer population life characteristics. With attrition analysis, customer retirement rates are assumed to be constant across the age vintages of the population. However, many customer populations exhibit irregular retirement rates across population age vintages such that relaxation of the constant attrition rate assumption alters the population remaining life characteristics.
La justification des droits juridictionnels1
Authors: Kofman Daniel 
Published: February 2013

La littérature philosophique récente concernant les droits juridictionnels suppose qu’on puisse les justifier par une « théorie des droits territoriaux », sans faire appel à une théorie de l’autodétermination. Or les principes d’autodétermination des peuples devraient déterminer les principes des frontières juridictionnelles, et non le contraire. Les « droits territoriaux » sont essentiellement des droits de gouvernance, lesquels découlent eux-mêmes des principes d’autodétermination. Pour défendre ces thèses, je critique les arguments de Brilmayer, Simmons, et Stilz.
Territoire, migration et État légitime
Authors: Straehle Christine 
Published: February 2013

Qui peut revendiquer un territoire, sur quelles bases et avec quelles conséquences sont des questions qui font l’objet de débats en philosophie politique contemporaine. En réponse, j’adopte « la théorie de l’État légitime » proposée par Stilz. Selon Wellman, une conséquence des revendications territoriales serait le droit de l’État de refuser la migration sur son territoire. Je juxtapose son propos de l’État légitime avec celui de Stilz et soutiens que, si l’on accepte la fondation de l’État légitime sur la valeur de l’autonomie individuelle, accepter seulement des devoirs négatifs, soit de ne pas violer les droits des non-citoyens, n’est pas plausible. Je justifie les devoirs positifs des États légitimes d’aider à la réalisation de l’autonomie individuelle pour tous ceux dont les États d’origine échouent à la tâche et qui souhaitent se joindre et soutenir les institutions de l’État légitime. Cela implique l’obligation de l’État de permettre leur immigration.
A human nasal explant model to study Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro
Authors: Cantero Daniel , Cooksley Clare , Jardeleza Camille , Bassiouni Ahmed , Jones Damien , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm has been associated with severe and recalcitrant cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, its role in the pathophysiology of this condition is not completely understood. This study aims to develop a sinonasal tissue explant model to analyze the interaction of S. aureus biofilm with the mucosa in vitro.MethodsSinonasal tissue samples from 5 control patients undergoing pituitary surgery were cultured with and without S. aureus biofilm in vitro. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) using the Live/Dead BacLight stain and histology were performed on the tissue explants after 24 hours of biofilm challenge. Measurements of IL‐6, at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) level (using quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [qRT‐PCR]) and the protein level (using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), were undertaken to evaluate biofilm‐mucosa interaction.ResultsViability of the explants after 24 hours was confirmed by CSLM and histology. Although light microscopy failed to identify S. aureus biofilms, its presence was confirmed in the biofilm‐challenged samples by CSLM. IL‐6 mRNA transcript levels were 4.9‐fold upregulated in biofilm‐treated tissue compared to controls (p = 0.0485). A similar trend was observed at the protein level (p = 0.0313).ConclusionThe sinonasal tissue explant is a viable and functional model capable of analyzing direct biofilm‐mucosal interactions and can advance our understanding of the role played by S. aureus biofilm in sinus inflammation. Our model suggests that S. aureus biofilms in the initial phase of growth are not inert bystanders but elicit an immune response in the sinonasal mucosa.
Determination of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate with a high‐efficiency electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted poly(o‐phenylenediamine) film
Authors: Duan Yuqing , Luo Xiaoping , Qin Yu , Zhang Haihui , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for detecting the existence of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) in tea and its products was successfully developed on the basis of a glassy carbon electrode modified with an electropolymerized nonconducting poly(o‐phenylenediamine) film. The properties of the electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The template molecules could be rapidly and thoroughly removed by methanol/acetic acid. The linear response range for EGCG was 5.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−4 mol/L, and the limit of detection was as low as 1.6 × 10−7 mol/L. The prepared MIP sensor could discriminate between EGCG and its analogs. In addition, satisfactory results were obtained in the detection of real tea samples. The results of our investigation indicate that the MIP sensor was useful for the determination of EGCG with excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. This MIP sensor provides the potential for monitoring the variation of EGCG content during the industrial processes and for predicting the quality of tea and its products. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Unusual Binding of a Potential Biomarker with Human Serum Albumin
Authors: De Dipanwita , Kaur Harpreet , Datta Anindya 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the specific binding of a potential biomarker, [2,2′‐bipyridyl]‐3,3′‐diol (BP(OH)2), with human serum albumin (HSA). The binding of BP(OH)2 at the two primary drug‐binding sites on HSA (Sudlow′s sites I and II) is explored by a competitive‐binding study and monitored by considering the green‐light emission from its diketo tautomer. Warfarin is used as a marker for site I and dansyl‐L‐proline (DP) as a competitor for site II. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements affirm that neither of Sudlow′s sites is the binding locus of BP(OH)2. To gain an idea regarding the probable binding site of BP(OH)2, we perform molecular‐docking studies, which reveal a close proximity of the probe to Trp‐214 in subdomain IIA of HSA. Confirmation of this contention is achieved by studying the quenching of the fluorescence of Trp‐214 in the presence of BP(OH)2. Moreover, static quenching seems to be responsible for the depletion of the fluorescence of Trp‐214, as manifested by the invariance of the intrinsic fluorescence lifetime of Trp‐214, as a function of the concentration of BP(OH)2. Based on displacement and quenching studies, supported by molecular docking, we propose that BP(OH)2 binds in a cleft that separates subdomains IIIA and IIB, which is in close proximity to Trp‐214.
Facile Fabrication of Nanorod‐Assembled Fluorine‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite (FHA) Microspheres
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Wu Chengtie , Lin Kaili , Chang Jiang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNanorod‐assembled FHA microspheres with different F contents were for the first time prepared through a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. The effect of the reaction time and pH value of reaction solutions on the FHA morphology was investigated to elucidate the self‐assembly process of FHA microspheres. The results showed pH values had significant effect on the morphology of the formed FHA crystals, which were self‐assembled into sphere‐like sturctures at high pH conditions and rod‐like structures at low pH values. The results suggested that formation of FHA crystals with varied morphology may be directly related to Ca2+ release kinetics from EDTA‐Ca‐Na2 at different pH conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the chemical stability of FHA microspheres was dependent on the F content in the materials, and high F contents in FHA microspheres lead to improved chemical stability. These results suggest that the prepared self‐assembled FHA microspheres may be used for teeth substitution materials due to their unique hierarchical structures and controllable chemical stability.
Quantitative determination of famotidine in human maternal plasma, umbilical cord plasma and urine using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Rytting Erik , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Nanovskaya Tatiana N. , Hankins Gary D.V. , Ahmed Mahmoud S. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTLiquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantitative determination of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was developed and validated. The plasma samples were alkalized with ammonium hydroxide and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The extraction recovery of famotidine in maternal and umbilical cord plasma ranged from 53 to 64% and 72 to 79%, respectively. Urine samples were directly diluted with the initial mobile phase then injected into the HPLC system. Chromatographic separation of famotidine was achieved by using a Phenomenex Synergi™ Hydro‐RP™ column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH 8.3, adjusted with ammonium hydroxide). Mass spectrometric detection of famotidine was set in the positive mode and used a selected ion monitoring method. Carbon‐13‐labeled famotidine was used as internal standard. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.99) in the concentration ranges of 0.631–252 ng/mL for umbilical and maternal plasma samples and 0.075–30.0 µg/mL for urine samples. The relative deviation of method was <14% for intra‐ and inter‐day assays, and the accuracy ranged between 93 and 110%. The matrix effect of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was less than 17%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Activation of Olefins by Metal Triflates and Triflimides: Application to Fragrance Chemistry
Authors: Lemière Gilles , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFragrance compounds constitute a wide family of relatively volatile compounds presenting interesting odour properties. Several processes catalysed by metal triflates and triflimides have been recently developed with a view to applications to fragrance chemistry. These reactions, involving the activation of non‐activated olefins, mainly involve inter‐ and intramolecular carbon–carbon, carbon–oxygen and carbon–sulfur bond formation.
Chirality Transfer in Propeller‐Shaped CyclenCalcium(II) Complexes: Metal‐Coordinating and Ion‐Pairing Anion Procedures
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Tsukube Hiroshi , Shinoda Satoshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of quadruple‐stranded Na+ and Ca2+ complexes with octadentate cyclen ligands was synthesized to produce complexes that contained four different side‐arm combinations (one triazolecoumarin group and three pyridine groups (1), four pyridine groups (2), one triazolecoumarin group and three quinoline groups (3), and four quinoline groups (4)). X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that no significant changes occurred in the stereostructure of these complexes upon replacing one pyridine group with a triazolecoumarin moiety, or by replacing Na+ ions with Ca2+ ions, although the coordination number of the complexes in the solid state decreased when pyridine groups were replaced by quinoline groups. In solution, all of the side arms were arranged in a propeller‐like pattern to yield an enantiomer pair of Δ and Λ forms in each metal complex. The addition of a tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc)‐protected amino acid anion, that is, a coordinative chiral carboxylate anion, to the cyclenCa2+ complex induced circular dichroism (CD) signals in the aromatic region by forming a 1:1 mixture of diastereomeric ternary complexes with opposite complex chirality, whilst the corresponding Na+ complexes rarely showed any response. In complexes 1‐Ca2+ and 3‐Ca2+, this chirality‐transfer process was efficiently followed by considering the induction of the CD signals at two different wavelengths, that is, the coumarin‐chromophore region and the aza‐aromatic region. The sign and intensity of the CD signal were significantly dependent on both the nature of the aza‐aromatic moiety and the enantiomeric purity of the external anion. These Ca2+ complexes worked as effective probes for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of the chiral anion. The cyclenCa2+ complexes also interacted with the non‐coordinative Δ‐TRISPHAT anion through an ion‐pairing mechanism to achieve chirality transfer from the anion to the metal complex; both complexes 1‐Ca2+ and 3‐Ca2+ clearly showed induced CD signals in the coumarin‐chromophore region, owing to ion‐paring interactions with the Δ‐TRISPHAT anion. Thus, the proper combination of an octadentate cyclen ligand and a metal center demonstrated effective chirality transfer.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Co‐Doped, Few‐Layered Graphene Oxide as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Jiaoxing , Dong Guofa , Jin Chuanhong , Huang Meihua , Guan Lunhui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractS and N co‐doped, few‐layered graphene oxide is synthesized by using pyrimidine and thiophene as precursors for the application of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The dual‐doped catalyst with pyrrolic/graphitic N‐dominant structures exhibits competitive catalytic activity (10.0 mA cm−2 kinetic‐limiting current density at −0.25 V) that is superior to that for mono N‐doped carbon nanomaterials. This is because of a synergetic effect of N and S co‐doping. Furthermore, the dual‐doped catalyst also shows an efficient four‐electron‐dominant ORR process, which has excellent methanol tolerance and improved durability in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
New Liquid Precursors for the Metal‐organic CVD of Gold Films
Authors: Parkhomenko Roman G. , Turgambaeva Asiya E. , Morozova Natalia B. , Trubin Sergey V. , Krisyuk Vladislav V. , Igumenov Igor K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo new liquid dimethylgold(III) complexes (with substituted dithiophosphinate) of the general formula Me2AuS2PX2 (in 1, X = OMe and in 2, X = OEt), as well as their synthesis and thermal behavior, are reported. The compounds are stable under storage, do not require special handling conditions, and they exhibit a good volatility and vaporization stability. The decomposition of the vapor of these compounds on the surface is observed to begin at T = 433 K (160°C) for 1 and 423 K (150°C) for 2. The decomposition pathways to elemental gold are established, based on the temperature dependences of the gas‐phase composition. The formation of gold films using metal‐organic (MO)CVD within the temperature range 483 − 523 K (210 − 250°C) is confirmed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Luminescent Pt–Ag Clusters Based on Neutral Benzoquinolate Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes
Authors: Martín Antonio , Belío Úrsula , Fuertes Sara , Sicilia Violeta 
Published: February 2013

AbstractComplexes of the type [Pt(C6F5)(bzq)L] {bzq = 7,8‐benzoquinolinate; L = PPh3 (2), 2,6‐diphenylpyridine (pyPh2, 3), tetrahydrothiophene (tht, 4), MeCN (5)} were prepared by replacing the acetone ligand in [Pt(C6F5)(bzq)(Me2CO)] (1) with the corresponding L ligand. The structures of complexes 2–4 were established by X‐ray diffraction. Despite their neutral nature, complexes 1–5 react with AgClO4 in a 2:1 molar ratio to give the corresponding trinuclear complexes [{Pt(C6F5)(bzq)L}2Ag]ClO4 {L = Me2CO (6), PPh3 (7), pyPh2 (8), tht (9), MeCN (10)}, which contain Pt → Ag dative bonds. The structures of complexes 7, 9, and 10 were established by X‐ray diffraction, which confirmed the existence of Pt–Ag bonds (ca. 2.8 Å) and short η1 bonding Ag–C interactions with the Cipso atom of bzq (ca. 2.4 Å). Moreover, complexes 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 show intermolecular π···π interactions between the aromatic rings of the bzq ligands (separations of ca. 3.5 Å). The reactions of 1–5 with [Ag(PPh3)(OClO3)] in a 1:1 molar ratio proceed with interchange of the ligands between the metals and the formation of [{Pt(bzq)(C6F5)(PPh3)}2Ag]ClO4 (7) and [AgL2]ClO4 (X‐ray). Only in the case of L = pyPh2 (3) was the dinuclear complex [(C6F5)(bzq)(PPh3)PtAg(pyPh2)]ClO4 (11) identified, and its structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 11 contains a Pt → Ag [2.8147(1) Å] bond and a η1‐Ag–Cipso(bzq) interaction [2.293(1) Å]. The electronic absorption and luminescence behaviors of 1–11 were investigated. The lower‐lying absorption bands of the mononuclear complexes are ascribed to ligand‐centered [1IL, π–π* (bzq)] character mixed with some metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer [1MLCT 5d(Pt) → π*(bzq)]. For the trinuclear complexes, these bands are assigned to 1ILCT/1MM′LCT [π–π*(bzq)]/{d/s(Pt,Ag)} → π*(bzq)] transitions and to mixed 1MLCT/1L′LCT [MLCT 5d(Pt) → π*(bzq)]/[L′LCT, Arf → bzq] for dinuclear complex 11 on the basis of time‐dependent TD (DFT) calculations carried out on 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, and 11Me in CH2Cl2. Only 2 and the heteronuclear compounds are emissive in the solid state at room temperature; however, all of the complexes are emissive at 77 K (solids and glasses). In each case, the main phosphorescent emission seems to be due to a transition similar in character to the lowest‐energy electronic absorption.