bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Second Lebanon War Experience at Western Galilee Hospital
Authors: Lino Bartholomew , Eisenman Arie , Schuster Richard , Giloni Carlos , Bharoum Masad , Daniel Moshe , Dallas Cham 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe summer of 2006 in northern Israel served as the battleground for the second war against Hezbollah based along Israel’s border with southern Lebanon. Western Galilee Hospital (WGH), which is located only 6 miles from the Lebanese border, served as a major medical center in the vicinity of the fighting. The hospital was directly impacted by Hezbollah with a Katyusha rocket, which struck the ophthalmology department on the 4th floor. WGH was able to utilize a 450-bed underground facility that maintained full hospital functionality throughout the conflict. In a major feat of rapid evacuation, the entire hospital population was relocated under the cover of darkness to these bunkers in just over 1 hour, thus emptying the building prior to the missile impact. Over half of the patients presenting during the conflict did not incur physical injury but qualified as acute stress disorder patients. The particulars of this evacuation remain unique owing to the extraordinary circumstances, but many of the principles employed in this maneuver may serve as a template for other hospitals requiring emergency evacuation. Hospital functionality drastically changed to accommodate the operational reality of war, and many of these tactics warrant closer investigation for possible implementation in other conflict zones. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:152–156)
Health-Related Quality of Life in the Aftermath of the L’Aquila Earthquake in Italy
Authors: Gigantesco Antonella , D’Argenio Paolo , Cofini Vincenza , Mancini Cristiana , Minardi Valentina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveA recent article reported a reduction in the suicide rate in the inhabitants of L’Aquila (Italy) in 2009, when on the night of April 6, a devastating earthquake struck the city. The potential implications of the role of resilience in the aftermath of natural disasters, together with the limitations of existing evidence on this topic, suggest a need for more research. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the impact of the L’Aquila earthquake on a standardized self-reported measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsHRQoL data were collected through 2 separate cross-sectional surveys conducted during 2008 and 2010, before and after the earthquake that occurred in 2009, on 2 random samples of adults living in L’Aquila.ResultsThe data seemed to suggest no decrease in the inhabitants’ HRQoL level after the disaster, which may suggest the role of resilience in supporting survivors’ HRQoL. The findings were also consistent with previous observations of a reduction in the suicide rate in the same inhabitants after the earthquake.ConclusionsAfter a natural disaster, people likely activate personal resources and protective social factors that result in better subjective outcomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:11-15)
Tree holes as larval habitats forAedes aegyptiin urban, suburban and forest habitats in a dengue affected area
Authors: Mangudo C. , Aparicio J.P. , Gleiser R.M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAedes aegypti(L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), the main vector of dengue and urban yellow fever in the world, is highly adapted to the human environment. Artificial containers are the most common larval habitat for the species, but it may develop in tree holes and other phytotelmata. This study assessed whether tree holes in San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, a city located in subtropical montane moist forest where dengue outbreaks occur, are relevant as larval habitat forAe. aegyptiand if the species may be found in natural areas far from human habitations. Water holding tree holes were sampled during 3 years once a month along the rainy season using a siphon bottle, in urban and suburban sites within the city and in adjacent forested areas. Larvae and pupae were collected and the presence and volume of water in each tree hole were recorded. FindingAe. aegyptiin forested areas was an isolated event; however, the species was frequently collected from tree holes throughout the city and along the sampling period. Moreover, larvae were collected in considerably high numbers, stressing the importance of taking into account these natural cavities as potential reinfestation foci within dengue control framework.
Local Government Structure and the Co-ordination of Economic Development Policy
Authors: Lyons Joseph 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper explores how local government structure affects policy co-ordination. It compares the delivery of economic development services in two Ontario cities. In London, a specialized agency is the lead, but lacks full functional control, while in Hamilton policy control is consolidated in a single municipal department. The findings support the hypothesis of those who argue in favour of general-purpose governments, as the municipal hierarchy in Hamilton was instrumental in achieving policy co-ordination. Proponents of specialization argue that it limits the need for co-ordination between governments but, as the London case demonstrates, this logic breaks down when there are too many players with too few responsibilities.
Zeta Functions and the Log Behaviour of Combinatorial Sequences
Authors: Chen William Y. C. , Guo Jeremy J. F. , Wang Larry X. W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we use the Riemann zeta functionζ(x) and the Bessel zeta functionζμ(x) to study the log behaviour of combinatorial sequences. We prove thatζ(x) is log-convex forx> 1. As a consequence, we deduce that the sequence {|B2n|/(2n)!}n≥ 1 is log-convex, whereBnis thenth Bernoulli number. We introduce the functionθ(x) = (2ζ(x)Γ(x + 1))1/x, whereΓ(x)is the gamma function, and we show that logθ(x) is strictly increasing forx≥ 6. This confirms a conjecture of Sun stating that the sequenceis strictly increasing. Amdeberhanet al. defined the numbersan(μ)= 22n+1(n+ 1)!(μ+ 1)nζμ(2n) and conjectured that the sequence{an(μ)}n≥1is log-convex forμ= 0 andμ= 1. By proving thatζμ(x)is log-convex forx >1 andμ >-1, we show that the sequence{an(≥)}n>1 is log-convex for anyμ >- 1. We introduce another functionθμ,(x)involvingζμ(x)and the gamma functionΓ(x)and we show that logθμ(x)is strictly increasing forx >8e(μ+ 2)2. This implies thatBased on Dobinski’s formula, we prove thatwhereBnis thenth Bell number. This confirms another conjecture of Sun. We also establish a connection between the increasing property ofand Holder’s inequality in probability theory.
A LOCALISABLE CLASS OF PRIMITIVE IDEALS OF UNIFORM NILPOTENT IWASAWA ALGEBRAS
Authors: NELSON JONATHAN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the injective hulls of faithful characteristic zero finite dimensional irreducible representations of uniform nilpotent pro-pgroups, seen as modules over their corresponding Iwasawa algebras. Using this we prove that the kernels of these representations are classically localisable.
TRACES ON SEMIGROUP RINGS AND LEAVITT PATH ALGEBRAS
Authors: MESYAN ZACHARY , VAŠ LIA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe trace on matrix rings, along with the augmentation map and Kaplansky trace on group rings, are some of the many examples of linear functions on algebras that vanish on all commutators. We generalize and unify these examples by studying traces on (contracted) semigroup rings over commutative rings. We show that every such ring admits a minimal trace (i.e., one that vanishes only on sums of commutators), classify all minimal traces on these rings, and give applications to various classes of semigroup rings and quotients thereof. We then study traces on Leavitt path algebras (which are quotients of contracted semigroup rings), where we describe all linear traces in terms of central maps on graph inverse semigroups and, under mild assumptions, those Leavitt path algebras that admit faithful traces.
NONUNIFORM EXPONENTIAL BEHAVIOUR AND TOPOLOGICAL EQUIVALENCE
Authors: BARREIRA LUIS , POPESCU LIVIU HORIA , VALLS CLAUDIA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe show that any evolution family with a strong nonuniform exponential dichotomy can always be transformed by a topological equivalence to a canonical form that contracts and/or expands the same in all directions. We emphasize that strong nonuniform exponential dichotomies are ubiquitous in the context of ergodic theory. The main novelty of our work is that we are able to control the asymptotic behaviour of the topological conjugacies at the origin and at infinity.
GENERALISED ARMENDARIZ PROPERTIES OF CROSSED PRODUCT TYPE
Authors: ZHAO LIANG , ZHOU YIQIANG 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLet R be a ring and M a monoid with twisting f:M × M → U(R) and action ω: M→ Aut(R). We introduce and study the concepts of CM-Armendariz and CM-quasi-Armendariz rings to generalise various Armendariz and quasi-Armendariz properties of rings by working on the context of the crossed product R*M over R. The following results are proved: (1) If M is a u.p.-monoid, then any M-rigid ring R is CM-Armendariz; (2) if I is a reduced ideal of an M-compatible ring R with M a strictly totally ordered monoid, then R/I being CM-Armendariz implies that R is CM-Armendariz; (3) if M is a u.p.-monoid and R is a semiprime ring, then R is CM-quasi-Armendariz. These results generalise and unify many known results on this subject.
PARTIALLY AMPLE LINE BUNDLES ON TORIC VARIETIES
Authors: BROOMHEAD NATHAN , OTTEM JOHN CHRISTIAN , PRENDERGAST-SMITH ARTIE 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this note we study properties of partially ample line bundles on simplicial projective toric varieties. We prove that the cone ofq-ample line bundles is a union of rational polyhedral cones, and calculate these cones in examples. We prove a restriction theorem for bigq-ample line bundles, and deduce thatq-ampleness of the anticanonical bundle is not invariant under flips. Finally we prove a Kodaira-type vanishing theorem forq-ample line bundles.
ARBITRARY WITHHOLDING OF CONSENT TO HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN SITUATIONS OF DISASTER
Authors: Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFollowing a large-scale disaster, such as a major earthquake, tsunami or cyclone, tens of thousands of persons are often displaced, suffer from food shortages and in need of medical assistance. In situations in which the State affected by the disaster does not meet the needs of the affected persons itself, humanitarian assistance from outside the State might be required. This article considers the role of consent to external humanitarian assistance on the part of the affected State. As there is no single overarching treaty in the area of humanitarian assistance in situations of disaster, the article explores the role of consent in the various disaster-specific, subject-specific and region-specific treaties as well as in the soft law instruments in the area. Although the instruments take seemingly different approaches to the subject, a common standard is identified, namely that consent on the part of the affected State is required before external assistance can be provided but that consent cannot be arbitrarily withheld. The article then goes on to give content to the arbitrary withholding standard, breaking it down into its substantive and procedural elements. These include the meaning of the term ‘arbitrary’; the requirement to provide a reason for the withholding of consent; legitimate grounds for withholding consent; and the actor that assesses the justification. Regard is had for State practice in the context of disasters as well as other areas of the law in which similar tests are used.
THE ARMS TRADE TREATY: ACHIEVEMENTS, FAILINGS, FUTURE
Authors: Lustgarten Laurence 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article looks at the origins, purposes and conflicts of national interests and policies that were the primary influences in shaping the substance of the Arms Trade Treaty, which came into force at the end of 2014. It then proceeds to a more legally focussed analysis and, having identified several important issues which have had to remain undiscussed, concentrates on detailed examination and evaluation of the most important provisions of substance. These are firstly the scope of the Treaty—defining the equipment or materiel covered (Article 2). There follows analysis of the provisions which contain the obligations on exporting States, ranging from absolute prohibitions (Article 6) to ‘export assessments’ (Article 7), which in practice will be the most frequently applicable. The paper concludes by identifying several valuable provisions in the Treaty whilst also highlighting several significant weaknesses and omissions. It contends that evaluation of the Treaty's likely contribution to controlling the recognized evils of the arms trade is premature at this stage and, further, that efforts towards that end must focus on the practice and law of domestic administrative implementation, rather than international law.
IQ AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACROSS REGIONS OF THE UK
Authors: Carl Noah 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCross-regional correlations between average IQ and socioeconomic development have been documented in many different countries. This paper presents new IQ estimates for the twelve regions of the UK. These are weakly correlated (r=0.24) with the regional IQs assembled by Lynn (1979). Assuming the two sets of estimates are accurate and comparable, this finding suggests that the relative IQs of different UK regions have changed since the 1950s, most likely due to differentials in the magnitude of the Flynn effect, the selectivity of external migration, the selectivity of internal migration or the strength of the relationship between IQ and fertility. The paper provides evidence for the validity of the regional IQs by showing that IQ estimates for UK nations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) derived from the same data are strongly correlated with national PISA scores (r=0.99). It finds that regional IQ is positively related to income, longevity and technological accomplishment; and is negatively related to poverty, deprivation and unemployment. A general factor of socioeconomic development is correlated with regional IQ atr=0.72.
Endoscopic transnasal approach to medial orbital lesions
Authors: Tan S H , Prepageran N 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This case report presents our experience of endoscopic transnasal management of medial intra- and extraconal lesions.Case report:An endoscopic transnasal approach to intra-orbital lesions was used for nine patients. Four patients had intraconal lesions and five had lesions in the extraconal space. Post-operatively, seven patients reported an improvement in visual acuity and two reported stable vision. There were no complications of cerebrospinal leakage or diplopia.Conclusion:This case series demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of an endoscopic transnasal approach to managing intraconal and extraconal lesions. This minimally invasive technique should be considered a valid alternative for accessing orbital tumours, particularly those located in the medial compartment.
Implicit and explicit knowledge of inflectional morphology
Authors: ROGERS JOHN , RÉVÉSZ ANDREA , REBUSCHAT PATRICK 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study set out to test the degree to which second language inflectional morphology can be acquired as a result of incidental exposure and whether the resulting knowledge is implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious) in nature. Participants were exposed to an artificial language system based on Czech morphology under incidental learning conditions. In the testing phase, a grammaticality judgment test was utilized to assess learning. In addition, subjective measures of awareness and retrospective verbal reports were used to measure whether the acquired knowledge was conscious or not. The results of the experiment indicate that participants can rapidly develop knowledge of second language inflectional morphology under incidental learning conditions in the absence of verbalizable rule knowledge.
Developing second language oral ability in foreign language classrooms: The role of the length and focus of instruction and individual differences
Authors: SAITO KAZUYA , HANZAWA KEIKO 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe current study aimed to examine how instruction can impact the global, segmental, prosodic, and temporal qualities of second language (L2) oral ability in foreign language (FL) settings (i.e., a few hours of target language input per week). Spontaneous speech was elicited via a timed picture description task from 56 Japanese freshman college students who had studied English through FL instruction from Grades 7 to 12 without any experience abroad. The tokens were rated for global accentedness and then submitted to segmental, prosodic, and temporal analyses. According to statistical analyses, (a) the participants' oral performance widely varied in relation to the length and focus of FL instruction, the frequency of their conversations in the L2, and aptitude; and (b) their diverse proficiency levels were predicted in particular by the amount of extra FL activities inside (i.e., pronunciation training) and outside (i.e., cram school) of high school (but not junior high) classrooms. The results in turn suggest that whereas extensive FL instruction (>875 hr) itself does make some difference in L2 oral ability development, its pedagogical potential can be increased by how students optimize their most immediate FL experience beyond the regular syllabus.
The stability of basic income: a constitutional solution for a political problem?
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Morales Leticia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough basic income has surged in policy interest in recent years, political research has not kept up with the debate in the trenches. In this article, we tackle a political problem any enacting coalition must face: how to ensure the political stability of a basic income over time. We first demonstrate how basic income schemes are particularly vulnerable to processes of policy change discussed in the recent policy feedback literature. We then analyse whether constitutionalising basic income in a Bill of Rights protected by strong judicial review would offer a valuable route for boosting basic income’s stability. A careful examination of the decision-making process within judicial review suggests that, caught up in a dilemma between judicial restraint and judicial activism, an enacting coalition would do well not to rely on constitutional mechanisms as the sole avenue for ensuring the political stability of basic income.
Globalization and Ambivalence: Rural Outsourcing in Southern Bengal
Authors: Chattaraj Durba 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStudies of globalization in India have focused on high-tech industries, such as call centers in urban areas. But a widespread effect of the globalization of India's economy is the growth of “rural outsourcing”—the expansion of urban-based industries into the countryside. Rural outsourcing links to longer histories of decentralized manufacturing in India. This ethnography of the decentralized industry of sari embroidery in Southern Bengal shows that workers are ambivalent toward it. Among villagers who participate in the embroidery industry, I found three scales of ambivalence: ambivalence toward the product; toward the production process; and finally, toward the politics of this form of decentralized production. Ambivalence is not a transient or uncertain position of confusion or ambiguity. Rather, it is a widely-held expression of the dual and contradictory positions that workers and contractors hold in relation to the industry. I argue that the “frictions” of globalization find expression not just in resistance or contestation, but also in articulated positions of ambivalence toward globalization processes.
With the Declining Significance of Labor, Who Is Producing our Global Cities?
Authors: Goldman Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article engages the question of what happens to labor as Indian cities become transformed into “global cities.” It does so by focusing on the convergence of three interrelated trends over the past few decades: the informalization of labor, the making of global cities, and the financialization of the economy. The article explains the effect on labor, capital, and urban space of this concatenation of trends. It challenges the conclusion of urbanization scholars who emphasize how labor has been largely excluded and bypassed by the growing urban economy. Instead, the article demonstrates, by using nationwide data as well as examples from Bangalore, that as labor is being displaced from formal employment and as wages become compressed, the urban commons is becoming a more valued terrain. On the one hand, displaced urban and rural workers must increasingly rely on subsistence practices and depend more upon the city's public spaces and goods to survive. On the other hand, these spaces, vital to city life, are becoming attractive to indebted municipal governments and aggressive financial investors for their speculative land values, and hence have led to greater insecurity and dispossession. The global city, therefore, is being built in large part with workers' wageless labor. Consequently, the struggle between capital and labor has reached far “beyond the factory” and farm, to the urban commons, sites simultaneously key to the majority's survival and integral to the urban speculative project of financialization.
Design and simulation of an underactuated finger mechanism for LARM Hand
Authors: Ceccarelli M. , Zottola M. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYAn underactuated mechanism is presented as a new finger design for improving grasp adaptability of LARM Hand fingers. Underactuation is discussed as a feasible solution through several design structures for finger adaptability to shape and size of objects to be grasped. The proposed underactuated solution for a new LARM finger is characterized through simulation results in ADAMS environment for operation feasibility and performance.
Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection in MRSA-colonized patients discharged from a Veterans Affairs hospital
Authors: CADENA J. , RICHARDSON A. M. , FREI C. R. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYCurrently, limited studies have quantified the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) for MRSA-colonized patients on discharge from hospital. Our retrospective, case-control study identified independent risk factors for the development of MRSA SSTIs among such patients detected by active MRSA nasal screening in an acute care hospital by PCR on admission, and bacteriological cultures on discharge. Cases were MRSA-colonized patients aged ⩾18 years who developed a MRSA SSTI post-discharge and controls were those who did not develop a MRSA SSTI post-discharge. Controls were matched to cases by length of follow-up (±10 days) for up to 18 months. Potential demographic and clinical risk factors for MRSA infection were identified using electronic queries and manual chart abstraction; data were compared by standard statistical tests and variables with P values ⩽0·05 in bivariable analysis were entered into a logistic regression model. Multivariable analysis demonstrated prior hospital admission within 12 months (P = 0·02), prior MRSA infection (P = 0·05), and previous myocardial infarction (P = 0·01) were independently predictive of a MRSA SSTI post-discharge. Identification of MRSA colonization upon admission and recognition of risk factors could help identify a high-risk population that could benefit from MRSA SSTI prevention strategies.