bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplifying photogrammetric analysis for assessment of large mammal mass: automated targeting and 3D model building
Authors: Catherine Bester L. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClose range photogrammetry has increasingly diverse practical application within the biological sciences. Its use in large mammal research for size and/or mass estimation has proven extremely beneficial. Recent photogrammetric technique advancements have improved its applicability in the field, although some analytical components remain time consuming. The use of automated coded targets, associated with commercially available software, was evaluated to simplify photogrammetric analysis without compromising its practicality. The effects of variable target size and shape, lighting conditions, number of photographs, photograph target coverage and project processing time were assessed. Augmenting a published photogrammetric field technique by including coded targets greatly reduced analysis time. The simplified method is attractive for use by a wider range of both specialist and non‐specialist users for applications within the animal photogrammetry field.
Extraction of road traffic sign information based on a vehicle‐borne mobile photogrammetric system
Authors: Zhang Ka , Sheng Yehua , Lv Haiyang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new approach to automatically extracting road traffic sign information based on a vehicle‐borne mobile photogrammetric system (VMPS) is proposed in this paper. The method can be divided into four steps: (a) traffic sign detection in a single image; (b) geometric information computation in a stereopair; (c) semantic information recognition; and (d) stereoscopic information consistency verification. In order to enhance the robustness and adaptability of the approach, colour recognition probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) based on pixel vectors, together with shape‐identification PNNs based on central projected vectors, are used during the traffic sign detection and recognition steps. The proposed approach is applied to many real‐scene stereopairs taken by VMPS at different times and places. Experimental results demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.
Association between telomere length and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Dai Jinghong , Cai Hourong , Li Hui , Zhuang Yi , Min Haiyan , Wen Yanting , Yang Jie , Gao Qian , Shi Yi , Yi Long 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveShort telomere is a crucial risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, little is known about the association between baseline telomere length and survival in IPF. We aimed to determine whether telomere length is associated with survival of IPF.MethodsLeukocyte telomere lengths were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in IPF patients at the time of the initial enrolment assessment in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University. The primary endpoint was the survival of the IPF patients since their initial enrolment assessment.ResultsNinety‐four IPF patients were enrolled between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2014. The mean age‐adjusted telomere length of IPF patients (0.85 ± 0.60) was significantly shorter than age‐matched controls (1.15 ± 0.60, P = 0.001). During the follow‐up period, 43 IPF patients died. The mean age‐adjusted telomere length of the non‐survivors (0.61 ± 0.53) was significantly shorter than that of the survivors (1.03 ± 0.59, P = 0.005). The association between telomere length (hazard ratio (HR) 0.470 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0. 89); P = 0·019) and survival in patients with IPF was independent of age, sex, forced vital capacity or diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. After excluding the six patients with telomerase gene mutations, telomere length (HR 0.46 (95% CI: 0.24–0.88); P = 0·018) remained an independent predictor of survival time in patients with IPF.ConclusionsShort telomere length is independently associated with worse survival in IPF. Future research should focus on the molecular mechanism underlying the shortening of telomere length in IPF.
Institutional Quality and CO2 Emission–Trade Relations: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Mansor H. , Law Siong Hook 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the roles of trade, institutional quality and their interactions in explaining carbon dioxide emissions in a panel sample of 40 Sub‐Sahara African countries using the system generalised method of moments. We find that institutional reforms are unequivocally environmental improving. Meanwhile, the impacts of trade on the environment tend to depend on the institutional setting of a country. More specifically, trade openness is harmful to the environment in countries with low institutional quality and beneficial to the environment in countries with high institutional quality. This means that institutional reforms are a perquisite for the countries with low institutional quality to actualise the beneficial environment effect of trade. As for the countries with adequate institutional quality, trade and institutions are reinforcing each other in bringing down pollution. From these results, we conclude that trade openness implemented in a sound institutional setting potentially brings better trade, more growth and better environment.
An 8-Week Exercise Intervention Based on Zumba Improves Aerobic Fitness and Psychological Well-Being in Healthy Women
Authors: Delextrat Anne A. , Warner Sarah , Graham Sarah , Neupert Emma 
Published: June 2015

Background:Although Zumba is practiced by millions of people worldwide, there is a paucity of research about its potential benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Zumba on physiological and psychological outcomes in healthy women.Methods:Cardiovascular fitness, body composition, physical self-perception and psychological well-being were assessed before and immediately after 8 weeks of Zumba performed 3 times weekly (Zumba group, n = 22, age: 26.6 ± 5.4 years old; height: 165.8 ± 7.1 cm) or no intervention (control group, n = 22, age: 27.9 ± 6.0 years old; height: 164.7 ± 6.2 cm). All variables were analyzed by a 2-way (Group × Time) analysis of variance with repeated measures, and a Bonferroni post hoc test. Pearson correlation coefficient assessed the relationship between changes in anthropometric, physiological and psychological variables.Results:Zumba provided significant positive changes in maximal aerobic fitness (+3.6%), self-perception of physical strength (+16.3%) and muscular development (+18.6%), greater autonomy (+8.0%), and purpose in life (+4.4%). No significant changes were observed in the control group. In addition, some psychological changes were significantly correlated to body fat at baseline, and changes in fitness.Conclusions:These results highlight that Zumba is beneficial to improve fitness and well-being in healthy women, but does not change body composition.
Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cunha Sara I. , Bocci Matteo , Lövrot John , Eleftheriou Nikolas , Roswall Pernilla , Cordero Eugenia , Lindström Linda , Bartoschek Michael , Haller B. Kristian , Pearsall R. Scott , Mulivor Aaron W. , Kumar Ravindra , Larsson Christer , Bergh Jonas , Pietras Kristian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExploration of new strategies for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis is justifiably at the center of clinical attention. In this study, we combined a computational biology approach with mechanism-based preclinical trials to identify inhibitors of activin-like receptor kinase (ALK) 1 as effective agents for blocking angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of ALK1 provided long-term therapeutic benefit in mouse models of mammary carcinoma, accompanied by strikingly reduced metastatic colonization as a monotherapy or part of combinations with chemotherapy. Gene-expression analysis of breast cancer specimens from a population-based nested case–control study encompassing 768 subjects defined endothelial expression of ALK1 as an independent and highly specific prognostic factor for metastatic manifestation, a finding that was corroborated in an independent clinical cohort. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of endothelial ALK1 constitutes a tractable strategy for interfering with metastatic dissemination of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2445–56. ©2015 AACR.
Targeting FGFR Signaling in Cancer
Authors: Touat Mehdi , Ileana Ecaterina , Postel-Vinay Sophie , André Fabrice , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway (FGFR signaling) is an evolutionary conserved signaling cascade that regulates several basic biologic processes, including tissue development, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Substantial evidence indicates that aberrant FGFR signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Recent developments of deep sequencing technologies have allowed the discovery of frequent molecular alterations in components of FGFR signaling among several solid tumor types. Moreover, compelling preclinical models have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of these aberrations in driving tumor growth, promoting angiogenesis, and conferring resistance mechanisms to anticancer therapies. Recently, the field of FGFR targeting has exponentially progressed thanks to the development of novel agents inhibiting FGFs or FGFRs, which had manageable safety profiles in early-phase trials. Promising treatment efficacy has been observed in different types of malignancies, particularly in tumors harboring aberrant FGFR signaling, thus offering novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of precision medicine. The most exciting challenges now focus on selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from these agents, increasing the efficacy of therapies with the development of novel potent compounds and combination strategies, and overcoming toxicities associated with FGFR inhibitors. After examination of the basic and translational research studies that validated the oncogenic potential of aberrant FGFR signaling, this review focuses on recent data from clinical trials evaluating FGFR targeting therapies and discusses the challenges and perspectives for the development of these agents. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2684–94. ©2015 AACR.
The Effect of a Surveillance Banner in an Attacked Computer System
Authors: Wilson Theodore , Maimon David , Sobesto Bertrand , Cukier Michel 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Test whether the presence of a surveillance message on an attacked computer system influences system trespassers’ active engagement with the compromised system (i.e., entering computer commands). The hypothesized restrictive deterrent effect is tested both in the context of a first system trespassing incident and in the progression of repeated trespassing incidents in an attacked computer system. Methods: We designed a randomized controlled trial and deployed a series of virtual target computers with known vulnerabilities into the computer network of a large public university in the United States. The target computers were set to either display or not display a surveillance banner once system trespassers infiltrated them. Results: We find that the presence of a surveillance banner in the attacked computer systems reduced the probability of commands being typed in the system during longer first system trespassing incidents. Further, we find that the probability of commands being typed during subsequent system trespassing incidents (on the same target computer) is conditioned by the presence of a surveillance banner and by whether commands have been entered during previous trespassing incidents. Conclusions: These findings offer modest support for the application of restrictive deterrence in the study of system trespassing.
Implementation of a Student Pharmacist-Run Targeted Medication Intervention Program
Authors: Melody Karleen T. , Shah Chintan J. , Patel Jaydip , Willey Vincent J. 
Published: June 2015

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a student pharmacist-run targeted medication intervention (TMI) program. Methods: Student pharmacists in their third professional year resolved TMIs at 5 independent pharmacies under the supervision of a pharmacist. A claims report of completed TMIs from the medication therapy management (MTM) platform, which captured the category and outcome of the TMIs and the estimated cost avoidance (ECA) level, was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Time spent was calculated using an estimation based on each of the tasks required to complete the TMI. Results: Of the 156 TMIs that were billed, 42 (26.9%) were accepted, 24 (15.4%) were rejected, and 90 (57.7%) were unable to be reached. For TMIs where the prescribers or patients were reached, the acceptance rates were 20% and 71%, respectively. Student pharmacists spent a total of 25.2 hours completing TMIs, and the pharmacist spent 2 hours on administrative tasks. Total revenue generated from all TMIs was US$1058, which led to a revenue generation of US$38.90/h. Successfully completing 42 TMIs resulted in a savings to the health care system of approximately US$121 000. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates an innovative model for community pharmacies to complete TMIs by utilizing student pharmacists under the supervision of a pharmacist.
Design and Evaluation of New Unified Criteria for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Based on the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Criteria
Authors: Umemura Yutaka , Yamakawa Kazuma , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Yoshikawa Yoshiaki , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Fujimi Satoshi 
Published: June 2015

Background: Current disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) criteria are insufficient for predicting mortality. Hemostatic endothelial molecular markers are useful for DIC diagnoses. We aimed to design new DIC criteria involving these markers based on the recently published Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) DIC criteria, which exhibit higher sensitivity for mortality. Materials and Methods: Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Japan between September 2009 and November 2011 were included. Clinical data, including hemostatic endothelial molecular markers, were measured within 12 hours after admission. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted for 8 candidate variables to identify the mortality-related markers. Then, we designed new unified criteria based on the JAAM DIC criteria and involving the identified optimal markers. Results: Of the 79 patients, 66 (83.5%) survived and 13 (16.5%) died. Protein C activity correlated best with mortality with a very high prognostic value (area under the curves [AUCs] = 0.850; P < .001), followed by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (AUC = 0.828; P < .001). The unified criteria, consisting of the JAAM DIC criteria plus these 2 markers, exhibited greater prognostic value for mortality (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 80.3%). Moreover, DIC-positive patients using the unified criteria had significantly higher disease severity, as indicated by the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Conclusion: Our unified criteria involving hemostatic endothelial molecular markers reflected not only mortality but also the severity of illness in patients with severe sepsis.
Statistically based splicing detection reveals neural enrichment and tissue-specific induction of circular RNA during human fetal development
Authors: Szabo Linda , Morey Robert , Palpant Nathan J. , Wang Peter L. , Afari Nastaran , Jiang Chuan , Parast Mana M. , Murry Charles E. , Laurent Louise C. , Salzman Julia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
The pervasive expression of circular RNA is a recently discovered feature of gene expression in highly diverged eukaryotes, but the functions of most circular RNAs are still unknown. Computational methods to discover and quantify circular RNA are essential. Moreover, discovering biological contexts where circular RNAs are regulated will shed light on potential functional roles they may play.

Results
We present a new algorithm that increases the sensitivity and specificity of circular RNA detection by discovering and quantifying circular and linear RNA splicing events at both annotated and un-annotated exon boundaries, including intergenic regions of the genome, with high statistical confidence. Unlike approaches that rely on read count and exon homology to determine confidence in prediction of circular RNA expression, our algorithm uses a statistical approach. Using our algorithm, we unveiled striking induction of general and tissue-specific circular RNAs, including in the heart and lung, during human fetal development. We discover regions of the human fetal brain, such as the frontal cortex, with marked enrichment for genes where circular RNA isoforms are dominant.

Conclusions
The vast majority of circular RNA production occurs at major spliceosome splice sites; however, we find the first examples of developmentally induced circular RNAs processed by the minor spliceosome, and an enriched propensity of minor spliceosome donors to splice into circular RNA at un-annotated, rather than annotated, exons. Together, these results suggest a potentially significant role for circular RNA in human development.
Complementary action of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17A induces interleukin-23, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and matrix metalloproteinases and drives bone and cartilage pathology in experimental arthritis: rationale for combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van Nieuwenhuijze Annemarie E. M. , van de Loo Fons A. , Walgreen Birgitte , Bennink Miranda , Helsen Monique , van den Bersselaar Liduine , Wicks Ian P. , van den Berg Wim B. , Koenders Marije I. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Type 17 T helper cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play important roles in the pathogenesis of human and murine arthritis. Although there is a clear link between IL-17 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the inflammatory cascade, details about their interaction in arthritic synovial joints are unclear. In view of the introduction of GM-CSF and IL-17 inhibitors to the clinic, we studied how IL-17 and GM-CSF orchestrate the local production of inflammatory mediators during experimental arthritis.

Methods
To allow detection of additive, complementary or synergistic effects of IL-17 and GM-CSF, we used two opposing experimental approaches: treatment of arthritic mice with neutralising antibodies to IL-17 and GM-CSF and local overexpression of these cytokines in naive synovial joints. Mice were treated for 2 weeks with antibodies against IL-17 and/or GM-CSF after onset of collagen-induced arthritis. Naive mice were injected intraarticularly with adenoviral vectors for IL-17 and/or GM-CSF, resulting in local overexpression. Joint inflammation was monitored by macroscopic scoring, X-rays and histology. Joint washouts, synovial cell and lymph node cultures were analysed for cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators by Luminex analysis, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Combined therapeutic anti-IL-17 and anti-GM-CSF ameliorated arthritis progression, and joint damage was dramatically reduced compared with treatment with anti-IL-17 or anti-GM-CSF alone. Anti-IL-17 specifically reduced synovial IL-23 transcription, whereas anti-GM-CSF reduced transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Overexpression of IL-17 or GM-CSF in naive knee joints elicited extensive inflammatory infiltrate, cartilage damage and bone destruction. Combined overexpression revealed additive and synergistic effects on the production of MMPs, RANKL and IL-23 in the synovium and led to complete destruction of the joint structure within 7 days.

Conclusions
IL-17 and GM-CSF differentially mediate the inflammatory process in arthritic joints and show complementary and local additive effects. Combined blockade in arthritic mice reduced joint damage not only by direct inhibition of IL-17 and GM-CSF but also by indirect inhibition of IL-23 and RANKL. Our results provide a rationale for combination therapy in autoinflammatory conditions, especially for patients who do not fully respond to inhibition of the separate cytokines.
1,4-Selective Diels–Alder Reaction of 9,10-Diethynylanthracene with 3,6-Difluorobenzyne
Authors: Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Ide Tomohito , Suzaki Yuji , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Diels–Alder reaction of 9,10-bis(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butynyl)anthracene with 3,6-difluorobenzyne yields the naphthobarrelene derivative via 1,4-addition of difluorobenzyne in a higher yield than the 9,10-adduct having a triptycene core. The DFT calculations revealed that the intermediate for the former reaction is stabilized more significantly by attractive interaction between a fluorine atom at the benzyne ring and a hydrogen atom at the anthracene ring.
Single-Crystal Organic Field-Effect Transistors of Naphthodifurans
Authors: Mitsui Chikahiko , Soeda Junshi , Miwa Kazumoto , Shoyama Kazutaka , Ota Yoshinori , Tsuji Hayato , Takeya Jun , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Three types of naphthodifurans (NDFs) have been designed as active organic materials in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and one of them, naphtho[2,1-b:6,5-b′]difuran, has been found to show an excellent OFET mobility of up to 3.6 cm2 V−1 s−1. Based on the crystal-packing structure and theoretical analyses, we attribute the high carrier mobility of the NDF derivatives to large intermolecular interactions and small reorganization energies. The NDF compounds show very high thermal and electrochemical stability. Together with some previous studies, the present study indicates that fused furan compounds show a performance that is equal to or better than that of the corresponding thiophene compounds.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hayashi Chika , Hayashi Takuo , Yamada Tohru 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The gaseous carbon dioxide incorporation reaction with α,β-unsaturated compounds was examined in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) and using diethylzinc as a reductant. After screening with various electron-withdrawing groups, both α,β-unsaturated nitriles and carboxamides were found to efficiently capture carbon dioxide to provide the corresponding carboxylates or malonates in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Synthesis, Properties, and Redox Behavior of Ferrocenyl-1,1,4,4-tetracyano-1,3-butadienes Connected by Arylamine and Azobenzene Spacers
Authors: Shoji Taku , Kamata Natsumi , Maruyama Akifumi , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Ferrocene-substituted 1,1,4,4-tetracyano-1,3-butadienes (FcTCBDs) connected by arylamine and azobenzene spacers were prepared by the reaction of a variety of alkynes with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by retroelectrocyclization of the initially formed [2 + 2] cycloadducts (i.e., cyclobutene derivatives). The characteristic intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the donors (ferrocene and arylamine) to the acceptor (TCBD) moieties was investigated by using UV–vis spectroscopy. The redox behaviors of the FcTCBDs were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their promising redox properties with multi-electron transfer depending on the number of FcTCBD moieties in the molecules. Moreover, significant color changes were observed by visible spectroscopy under the electrochemical reduction conditions.