bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term precursors to large explosive eruptions of Vesuvius: evidence from the opening phase of the Avellino Plinian eruption
Authors: Falasconi Alessia , Petrone Chiara Maria , Sulpizio Roberto , Cioni Raffaello 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The onset of a large explosive volcanic eruption is generally characterized by a weak transient activity. The products of this opening phase(s) are confined to thin proximal beds of small volume and limited dispersal, and thus generally not well-studied. The juvenile material erupted in these phases provide a unique record of pre- and syn-eruptive processes and preserve key information on eruption triggering processes on the onset of magma ascent. The study of these products can provide insights into short-term precursory phenomena and assumes a key role for the interpretation of monitoring signals at high-risk volcanoes. In this work, we present a detailed study of the products from the opening phase of the Avellino Plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy), well preserved in proximal deposits mainly formed by two sub-units of thin pumice lapilli fallout followed by a fine ash bed. These deposits show an unusual textural and compositional variability of the juvenile material, depicting a complex process of magma extraction during the first phases of the eruption. Geochemical, textural and geobarometric data reveal the presence of a magma body at shallow depth, that cooled and partially crystallised at different conditions respect to the main, deeper, magma reservoir. Elemental diffusion chronometry on clinopyroxene from the dense juvenile material suggests that magma movement toward the shallow reservoir anticipated the eruption by a maximum of about 50 years, while the arrival of a last mafic input into the shallow magma body can be confined to only a few years before the eruption.
Perspectives from Program Directors on the Selection Process for Saudi Periodontics Residency Programs
Authors: Alheraisi Yousef , Alqahtani Hussam M. , Tawfeeq Eyad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Applying to periodontics programs in Saudi Arabia holds significant importance for both applicants and periodontics program directors. As of today, there has been no investigation into how periodontics program directors (PDs) identify and select potential candidates for their programs. The aim of this study is to assess the factors taken into consideration during the selection process for periodontics programs by PDs in Saudi Arabia.Methods In this cross-sectional study, an electronic survey was sent out to Periodontics PDs of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) in Saudi Arabia. Variables of interest included the Grade Point Average (GPA), Saudi Dental License Exam (SDLE), research, interview, service and electives, letter of recommendation, and other miscellaneous factors. A degree of importance scale was used to measure the significance of each factor for PDs.Results This study surveyed 16 PDs with a response rate of 72.7%. The majority of PDs were from the Central and Western Regions. Approximately 56% of the PDs were affiliated with universities. The study identified, from the perspective of PDs, that the most important factors were the reputation and performance of the applicant during clinics or interactions with staff, followed by general research experience. Additionally, interview performance was rated equally with SDLE score and GPA, as well as factors such as undertaking periodontics elective rotations during internship and working in the same department. Regardless of the region or number of years of experience, all PDs considered the most significant factor to be the reputation and performance of the applicant during clinics or interactions with staff.Conclusion This study sheds light on the factors perceived by program directors in Saudi Arabia that influence the selection process for applicants to periodontics programs. By understanding these factors, dental graduate students can better customize their applications and experiences to meet the expectations of admission committees.
Discovering Shared Space for Visual Recognition by Cross-Domain Residual Learning
Authors: Pan Jie , Dan Yufang , Zhao Baoqi , Tao Jianwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In order to solve the problem of inconsistent data distribution in machine learning, domain adaptation based on feature representation methods extract features from source domain, and transfer to target domain for classi cation. The existing feature representation based methods mainly solve the problem of inconsistent feature distribution between the source domain data and the target domain data, but only few methods analyze the correlation of cross-domain features between original space and shared latent space, which reduce the performance of domain adaptation. To this end, we propose a domain adaptation method with residual module, the main ideas of which are: (1) transfer the source domain data features to the target domain data through the shared latent space to achieve features sharing; (2) build a cross domain residual learning model using the latent feature space as the residual connection of the original feature space, which improves the propagation e ciency of features; (3) regular feature space to sparse features representation, which can improve the robustness of the model; and (4) give optimization algorithm, and the experiments on the public visual datasets verify the e ectiveness of the method.
Problems Faced by Individuals who have Paraplegia Regarding Healthcare services and Nursing Care Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: ÖZALP CEMAL , Avşar Gülçin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: The study was conducted qualitatively to determine the problems faced by individuals who have paraplegia regarding healthcare services and nursing care services.
Methods: The study was conducted in Turkey between 15 August and 15 December 2023. The Snowball Sampling Technique, which is among the non-probability sampling methods, was used to collect the population of this qualitative study. The sample of the study consisted of 15 paraplegic individuals aged 18 and over. An introductory information form, semi-structured interview form, and voice recorder were used to collect data.
Results: The themes of the study were the problems with healthcare services and the problems they faced with nursing care services. The subthemes of the study were problems of transportation to hospitals and appointments, indifference of healthcare staff, problems associated with hospital products and medical products, insensitivity to empathy and communication problems, lack of expertise about paraplegia and its effects, lack of patient information, inadequacy of the humanistic approach, care not being applied on time, and insufficiency of home nursing services.
Conclusions: Nurses must not only provide physical treatment to individuals who have paraplegia, but also must care about individuals who have paraplegia, be able to empathize, be in communication, approach humanistically, and provide the necessary information for their care when necessary.
Application of a cocktail of three bacteriophages for the biocontrol of Salmonella in raw fresh milk
Authors: SALLAMI Imen , Ammeri rim Werheni , Turki-Ghodbane Yosra , HASSAN ABDENACEUR 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to identify specific phages in wastewater that can effectively target various pathogenic Salmonella strains. These Salmonella isolates was confirmed through PCR testing of the invA-specific virulence gene. To monitor the enterobacterial community in cow's milk in real-time, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique was employed. The key findings revealed the existence of three distinct Salmonella phages, namely phages 1, 2, and 3, which were isolated through selection culture and identified using transmission electron microscopy. The lytic spectrum analysis of each phage demonstrated their activity against the tested Salmonella strains. By utilizing a combination of these three phages, complete inactivation of the tested Salmonella strains was achieved. This contrasted with the partial effectiveness observed when only one or two phages were added manually to milk contaminated with Salmonella. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique further confirmed the successful eradication of Salmonella through the three-phage cocktail, as evidenced by the absence of BNA bands in the experimental samples. This research has uncovered new perspectives and convincing results that support the potential use of phage therapy in combating salmonella infections within agri-food systems.
Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies ZBTB11 as a potential pan-cancer biomarker and immunotherapy target in multiple tumor types
Authors: Xu Peiyi , Zhang Qiuyan , Zhai Jing , Chen Pu , Deng Xueting , Miao Lin , Zhang Xiuhua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
ZBTB11 is a putative transcription factor with an N-terminal BTB domain and tandem C-terminal zinc finger motifs. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for ZBTB11 in tumorigenesis. However, the biological significance of ZBTB11 in different cancer types remains uncertain.
Methods
The expression levels, prognostic values, genetic mutations, and DNA promoter methylation of ZBTB11 across tumor types were explored via various online websites and databases, including TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, UALCAN, GSCA, CancerSEA, and others. Additionally, a competing lncRNA-miRNA network of ZBTB11 was constructed, and its interaction with chemicals and genes was investigated.
Results
Our findings revealed that ZBTB11 was aberrantly expressed in a multitude of tumor types and exhibited variability across various tumor stages. A survival analysis revealed that ZBTB11 predicted a poor prognosis in BRCA, KIRP, LIHC, PCPG, PRAD, SARC, UCEC, and a good prognosis in CHOL, ESCA, GBM, KIRC, and READ. We also found that the most frequent genetic alterations type of ZBTB11 was mutation, and the DNA methylation level of ZBTB11 decreased in various cancers. Furthermore, ZBTB11 expression correlated with immune cells infiltration and genetic markers of immunodulators in cancers. Moreover, the results of single-cell sequencing demonstrated that ZBTB11 could regulate several tumor biological behaviors, including apoptosis, DNA damage, and angiogenesis. A lncRNA-miRNA network regulating ZBTB11 expression in tumor development and progression was constructed. It is of particular significance that ZBTB11 demonstrated a correlation with the CTRP and GDSC drug sensitivity, and that it served as a mediator between chemicals and cancers.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that ZBTB11 is associated with multiple tumor types and disease prognosis. ZBTB11 may represent a potential key biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.
A Probabilistic Model-Based Approach to Assess and Minimize Scaling in Geothermal Plants
Authors: Omrani Pejman Shoeibi , Poort Jonah , Barros Eduardo , Zwart Hidde , Machado Cintia Goncalves , Wasch Laura , Twerda Aris , Rijnaarts Huub , Torbaghan Shahab Shariat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Geothermal installations often face operational challenges related to scaling which can lead to loss in production, downtime, and an increase in operational costs. To accurately assess and minimize the risks associated with scaling, it is crucial to understand the interplay between geothermal brine composition, operating conditions and pipe materials. The accuracy of scaling predictive models can be impacted by uncertainties in the brine composition, stemming from sub-optimal sampling of geothermal fluid, inhibitor addition, or measurement imprecision. These uncertainties can be further increased for fluid at extreme conditions especially high salinity and temperature. This paper describes a comprehensive method to forecast scaling in geothermal plants, quantify its impact on the production and determine operational control strategies to minimize the scaling considering brine composition uncertainties. The developed modelling framework consists of a multiphase flow solver coupled with a geochemistry model and an uncertainty quantification workflow to locally estimate the probability of precipitation potential and scaling amount in different locations of the geothermal facility, including the impact on the hydraulic efficiency of the geothermal plant by increasing the roughness and/or decreasing the diameter of the casings and pipelines. For plant operation optimization, a robust control problem is formulated with scenarios which are generated based on uncertainties in brine composition using an exhaustive search method. The modelling and optimization workflow was demonstrated in a geothermal case study dealing with barite and celestite scaling in a heat exchanger. The results showed the significant impact of brine composition uncertainties, specifically barium, sulphur, chlorine and strontium concentration on barite and celestite precipitation. Comparing the outcome of optimization problem for the deterministic and fluid composition uncertainties, a change of up to 2.5% in the temperature control settings was observed to achieve the optimal coefficient of performance.
Pierre Robin Syndrome in an Orofacial Cleft Cohort: Comparition of Clinical Characteristics
Authors: de Almeida Laura Leite , Pais-Cunha Inês , Moreira Tatiana , Maia Ana , Moura Carla Pinto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Orofacial clefts (OFC) are common congenital craniofacial malformations that can occur isolated or in association with multiple syndromes.
Pierre Robin Syndrome (PRS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis and airway obstruction. Cleft palate is present in most cases.
The aim was to describe clinical characteristics of patients with PRS and compare them with the group without PRS of the same cohort of patients with OFC.
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who attended the Cleft Lip and Palate Multidisciplinary Group at a tertiary care Hospital, during the last 30 years.
The OFCs types were listed according to the Spina classification modified by Silva-Filho et al.. Family history, prenatal diagnosis, associated syndromes and malformations were collected and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The cohort included 681 patients with OFC. The most frequent recognizable syndrome was PRS, affecting 10% of the population (n=69). Patients from the PRS-group were mostly female (59.4%), unlike the non-PRS-group (41.0%). Most of the OFC in the PRS group were isolated cleft palate in midline (94.2%), which were only detected in approximately one third of the non-PRS patients. Prenatal diagnosis was significantly less frequent in the PRS-group (11.6% vs. 33.8%, p < 0.001). The proportion of known family history was similar in both groups (29.0% in PRS group, 26.1% in non-PRS group, p = 0.666). PRS patients presented a higher frequency of syndromic diagnosis (36.2% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.003) and associated congenital malformations (55.1% vs. 36.3%, p = 0.002). From these, ocular, cardiovascular and cranioencephalic anomalies were significantly more frequent in the presence of PRS (34.8% vs. 16.3%; 34.8% vs. 15.4%; and 33.3% vs. 10.9%), while uro-nephrological malformations were similar in both groups. The most common syndromes associated with PRS were Stickler (n=4, 5.8%) and Treacher Collins (n=4, 5.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
PRS patients demonstrated a distinct clinical profile compared to non-PRS patients, including higher rates of isolated cleft palate in the midline, lower prenatal diagnosis rates, and a higher frequency of other syndromes and associated congenital malformations. These findings highlight the importance of customized diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up strategies for this particular subgroup of OFC patients.
RTDETR-Refa: a real-time detection method for multi-breed classiffcation of cattle
Authors: Li Bingxuan , Fang Jiandong , Zhao Yvdong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the farming industry in order to cope with the problems such as the complex environment of the pasture and dense targets, etc., which lead to increased difficulty in recognition, so as to quickly classify and automatically identify cattle breeds and improve the accuracy. In this paper, an RTDETR-Refa (Rep- Conv Efficient Faster Attention) model is proposed for classification and identification of cattle breeds. Firstly, some novel improvements have been made to ResNet18. Replacing the 1×1 convolution in Faster-Block with the reparameterised RepConv, and adding the Efficient Multiscale Attention Module (EMA) in front of the global average pooling layer in Faster-Block to enhance the transformation and classification of features, Finally, the 4-layer BasicBlock after the 3 convolutional layers in the resnet18-backbone is replaced by the improved Faster-Block.Finally, the results of the training tests of the RTDETR-Refa model are compared with other classical models: the YOLO family of models: the YOLOv5m, YOLOv6, YOLOv8m, YOLOv9 and the state-of-the-art (SOTA) CNN backbone networks EfficientViT, FasterNet, UniRepLKNet, TransNeXt verifying their superiority. The average accuracy of the RTDETR-Refa model on the cattle classification training set is 91.6%, which is 0.8% higher than that of ResNet18 and 0.9-5.2% higher than that of other classical models. The experimental results show that the RTDETR-Refa model proposed in this paper is capable of identifying and classifying cattle of different breeds while ensuring similar detection speeds, demonstrating the feasibility of convolutional neural networks in breed identification and classification.
Identifying barriers to help-seeking from mental health professionals in the general population and mental disorders
Authors: Soltani Esmail , Bazrafshanb Amir , Bahreini Fereshte , Zaremohazabiyeh Somayeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims: Despite high prevalence of mental disorders, there are some individual, social, and structural factors in not seeking help from mental health professionals. The aim of the current study was to identify the barriers to help-seeking from mental health professionals in the mental disorders and general population. In a cross-sectional study, participants were from the general population (N= 760) and a mental disorders sample (N=486) referred to Hafez and Ebne Sina Hospitals of Shiraz (located in IRAN). General anxiety disorder-7 item scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), and barriers to help-seeking questions were completed via face-to-face and online forms. Mean, standard errors, t-test, and correlation were used to analyze the data. Results showed a high rate of depression and anxiety in two groups. Seeking help from other resources, low perceived need for the severity of mental disorders, lack of affordability, and misconceptions about mental disorders were the main barriers to help-seeking in the general population. Fear of stigma about mental disorders, low perceived need about the severity of mental disorders, fear of burdening families, and reliance to self were the main barriers in the mental disorders population. Interventions that aim to reduce these barriers could be increased to help-seeking from mental health professionals in the population.
Ultrathin Glass-based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing Bilayer Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Wooyeon , Cheng Jian , Choi Joonwon , Lee Seoyeong , Lee Yongwoo , Lee Doyeon , Ko Min Jae 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In recent studies, flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited high power conversion efficiency (PCE) coupled with remarkable mechanical stability. However, the conventional polymer substrates used in flexible PSCs possess high permeability to moisture and oxygen, leading to the rapid degradation of perovskite materials. In this work, we address these issues by employing ultrathin glass (UTG) substrates, which provide moisture impermeability while retaining flexibility. Additionally, we introduce a strategically designed SnO2/TiO2 bilayer as the electron transport layer (ETL). Our results reveal that PSCs incorporating the bilayer ETL achieve higher PCE than those with a monolayer ETL on conventional glass and UTG substrates. Furthermore, moisture permeability tests demonstrate that PSCs based on UTG substrates sustain their PCE over time, compared to their polymer-based counterparts. These results imply that UTG substrates, combined with a SnO2/TiO2 bilayer ETL, offer a promising solution for developing durable, high-performance, flexible PSCs suitable for long-term applications.
The biological soundscape of temperate reefs: characterizing natural and artificial reefs in the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Watson Maryann S. , Kok Annebelle C.M. , Opzeeland Ilse van , Eriksson Britas Klemens 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Monitoring coastal marine habitats presents many challenges. Often, using multiple approaches to capture different aspects of ecosystems can strengthen the information gained regarding habitat status. The use of passive acoustics to document, describe, and monitor coastal habitats through soundscapes presents one such complementary technique. Habitats have distinct acoustic patterns, or soundscapes, as a result of their specific features and biological communities. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) presents a lower impact, innovative method to provide metrics for long-term monitoring of habitats. Marine soundscapes have not yet been described for the Wadden Sea; an ecosystem where reef habitats have experienced major changes over time due to various human-mediated impacts. This study provides a first catalogue of biotic acoustic signatures recorded at shellfish reef and neighbouring sand habitat in this ecosystem. Furthermore, recordings from natural reefs were compared to recordings from recently deployed artificial reefs, showing similar patterns of greater biotic acoustic diversity at the natural and artificial reefs compared to nearby sandflat. These results demonstrate that fine-scale differences in habitat soundscapes exist across reef habitats within a small geographic scale. This study provides the foundations for further quantitative research using PAM to monitor the Wadden Sea soundscape dynamics and understanding the role of sound in changing coastal ecosystem.
Technological integration and innovation in architectural ceramics in the Yuan Dynasty: chemical investigation for the glazed tiles of the Prince Anxi’ s mansion, China
Authors: Shi Ruoyu , Wen Rui , Ma Qiang , Wang Wenxuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Glazed tiles, a symbol of high-grade architecture in ancient China, first appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD. 386–534). They reached their peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (AD. 1368–1912), and the Yuan Dynasty (AD. 1271–1368) was a key stage in the development and maturity of the glazed tile technology. As one of the representatives of royal architecture in the early Yuan Dynasty, scientific research on the unearthed glazed tiles from the site of Prince Anxi's mansion can assist to understand how glazed tile technology matured during the Yuan Dynasty. Using compositional analysis and microscopic observation, 24 glazed tiles from the Prince Anxi's mansion were systematically examined in this study. The findings revealed that the glazed tiles were made using four different production formulas and came from three different technological traditions, which originated from the integration of various regions' glazed tile production technologies and enhanced innovation within the currently used technologies. The resulting glazed tile production technologies exhibit a high degree of similarity with the Yuan Dadu 's glazed tile production technologies, suggesting that integration and innovation are crucial for the Yuan Dynasty's glazed tile technologies to mature.