bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Features Associated With Human Papillomavirus/p16 in Patients With Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
Authors: Morris Van K. , Rashid Asif , Rodriguez-Bigas Miguel , Das Prajnan , Chang George , Ohinata Aki , Rogers Jane , Crane Christopher , Wolff Robert A. , Eng Cathy 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background.
The incidence of anal carcinoma in the U.S. continues to increase steadily, and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established risk factor for the development of anal carcinoma. However, the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal according to HPV status have not yet been defined.

Materials and Methods.
The records of patients treated for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at the MD Anderson Cancer Center from June 2005 to August 2013 were reviewed. The patients were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and/or the p16 oncoprotein by immunohistochemistry. Associations between the presence of HPV and clinicopathologic attributes were measured.

Results.
Of the 72 patients reviewed, 68 tumors (94%) had detectable HPV. Patients with HPV-negative tumors were more likely to be of nonwhite ethnicity (odds ratio, 8.7) and have a strong (&gt;30 pack-year) tobacco history (odds ratio, 8.7). A trend toward improved survival from the time of diagnosis of metastatic disease was noted among patients with HPV-positive tumors.

Conclusion.
Most patients with metastatic anal cancer had detectable HPV, with differences in tobacco history and ethnicity detected according to HPV status. The high frequency of HPV positivity for patients with metastatic anal cancer has important implications for novel immunotherapy treatment approaches, including ongoing clinical trials with immune checkpoint blockade agents using antibodies targeting the programmed death-1 receptor.

Implications for Practice:
Previous studies investigating the clinical features of patients with anal cancer focused on those with early-stage disease. The present study characterizes, for the first time, clinical and pathological features according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status for patients with metastatic anal cancer. A high frequency of HPV-positive tumors and correlations between HPV status and both ethnicity and tobacco history was found. No standard-of-care therapy is available for patients with metastatic anal cancer, and most receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. The high prevalence of HPV in the current population generates optimism for ongoing clinical trials investigating the role of immune checkpoint blockade agents as a novel treatment approach for this disease.
Intergenerational Social Networks and Health Behaviors Among Children Living in Public Housing
Authors: Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Schwartz Heather , Thornton Rachel Johnson , Griffin Beth Ann , Green Harold D. , Kennedy David P. , Burkhauser Susan , Pollack Craig Evan 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. In a survey of families living in public housing, we investigated whether caretakers’ social networks are linked with children’s health status. Methods. In 2011, 209 children and their caretakers living in public housing in suburban Montgomery County, Maryland, were surveyed regarding their health and social networks. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations between the perceived health composition of caretaker social networks and corresponding child health characteristics (e.g., exercise, diet). Results. With each 10% increase in the proportion of the caretaker’s social network that exercised regularly, the child’s odds of exercising increased by 34% (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 1.69) after the caretaker’s own exercise behavior and the composition of the child’s peer network had been taken into account. Although children’s overweight or obese status was associated with caretakers’ social networks, the results were no longer significant after adjustment for caretakers’ own weight status. Conclusions. We found that caretaker social networks are independently associated with certain aspects of child health, suggesting the importance of the broader social environment for low-income children’s health.
The Laugh Model: Reframing and Rebranding Public Health Through Social Media
Authors: Lister Cameron , Royne Marla , Payne Hannah E. , Cannon Ben , Hanson Carl , Barnes Michael 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined the use of low-cost social media platforms in communicating public health messages and outline the laugh model, a framework through which public health organizations can reach and engage communities. Methods. In August 2014, we developed an online campaign (Web site and social media) to help promote healthy family meals in Utah in conjunction with the state and local health departments. Results. By the end of September 2014, a total of 3641 individuals had visited the Utahfamilymeals.org Web site. Facebook ads reached a total of 29 078 people, and 56 900 people were reached through Twitter ads. The per-person price of the campaign was 0.2 cents, and the total estimated target population reach was between 10% and 12%. Conclusions. There are 3 key takeaways from our campaign: use of empowering and engaging techniques may be more effective than use of educational techniques; use of social media Web sites and online marketing tactics can enhance collaboration, interdisciplinary strategies, and campaign effectiveness; and use of social media as a communication platform is often preferable to use of mass media in terms of cost-effectiveness, more precise evaluations of campaign success, and increased sustainability.
Access to Dental Services for People Using a Wheelchair
Authors: Rashid-Kandvani Farnaz , Nicolau Belinda , Bedos Christophe 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We investigated the perspectives of people using a wheelchair and their difficulties in accessing dental services. Methods. Our participatory research was on the basis of a partnership between people using a wheelchair, dental professionals, and academic researchers. Partners were involved in a committee that provided advice at all stages of the project. Our team adopted a qualitative descriptive design. Between October 2011 and October 2012 we conducted semistructured individual interviews with 13 adults who lived in Montreal, Québec, Canada, and used a wheelchair full time. We audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim interviews, and we interpreted data using an inductive thematic analysis. Results. Oral health is of heightened importance to this group of people, who tend to use their mouth as a “third hand.” We identified successive challenges in accessing dental services: finding a dentist and being accepted, organizing transportation, entering the building and circulating inside, interacting with the dental staff, transferring and overcoming discomfort on the dental chair, and paying for the treatments. Conclusions. Governments, dental professional bodies, dental schools, and researchers should work with groups representing wheelchair users to improve access to dental services.
Intergenerational Patterns of Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Among US Adolescents
Authors: Kandel Denise B. , Griesler Pamela C. , Hu Mei-Chen 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between parental and adolescent smoking and nicotine dependence in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2004 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which ascertained smoking behaviors of 1 parent and 1 adolescent aged 12 to 17 years in 35 000 dyads. We estimated associations between parental and adolescent smoking behaviors, adjusted for covariates. Results. Parental current dependence was strongly associated with adolescents’ lifetime smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47, 3.55), whereas parental current nondependent smoking (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.92, 2.67) and former smoking (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.75) were less strongly associated. Only parental nicotine dependence was associated with adolescent nicotine dependence (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.74). Associations between parental and adolescent smoking did not differ by race/ethnicity. Parents’ education, marital status, and parenting and adolescents' mental health, beliefs about smoking, perception of schoolmates’ smoking, and other substance use predicted adolescent smoking and dependence. Conclusions. Reducing parental smoking would reduce adolescent smoking. Prevention efforts should encourage parental smoking cessation, improve parenting, address adolescent mental health, and reinforce adolescents' negative beliefs about smoking.
Effects of Racial Prejudice on the Health of Communities: A Multilevel Survival Analysis
Authors: Lee Yeonjin , Muennig Peter , Kawachi Ichiro , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined whether and how racial prejudice at both the individual and community levels contributes to mortality risk among majority as well as minority group members. Methods. We used data on racial attitudes from the General Social Survey (1993–2002) prospectively linked to mortality data from the National Death Index through 2008. Results. Whites and Blacks living in communities with higher levels of racial prejudice were at an elevated risk of mortality, independent of individual and community sociodemographic characteristics and individually held racist beliefs (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 1.49). Living in a highly prejudiced community had similar harmful effects among both Blacks and Whites. Furthermore, the interaction observed between individual- and community-level racial prejudice indicated that respondents with higher levels of racial prejudice had lower survival rates if they lived in communities with low degrees of racial prejudice. Community-level social capital explained the relationship between community racial prejudice and mortality. Conclusions. Community-level racial prejudice may disrupt social capital, and reduced social capital is associated with increased mortality risk among both Whites and Blacks. Our results contribute to an emerging body of literature documenting the negative consequences of prejudice for population health.
Evaluating the Use of an Electronic Death Registration System for Mortality Surveillance During and After Hurricane Sandy: New York City, 2012
Authors: Howland Renata E. , Li Wenhui , Madsen Ann M. , Wong Howard , Das Tara , Betancourt Flor M. , Nicaj Leze , Stayton Catherine , Matte Thomas , Begier Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the use of New York City’s (NYC’s) electronic death registration system (EDRS) to conduct mortality surveillance during and after Hurricane Sandy. Methods. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for surveillance system evaluation to gather evidence on usefulness, flexibility, stability, timeliness, and quality. We assessed system components, interviewed NYC Health Department staff, and analyzed 2010 to 2012 death records. Results. Despite widespread disruptions, NYC’s EDRS was stable and collected timely mortality data that were adapted to provide storm surveillance with minimal additional resources. Direct-injury fatalities and trends in excess all-cause mortality were rapidly identified, providing useful information for response; however, the time and burden of establishing reports, adapting the system, and identifying indirect deaths limited surveillance. Conclusions. The NYC Health Department successfully adapted its EDRS for near real-time disaster-related mortality surveillance. Retrospective assessment of deaths, advanced methods for case identification and analysis, standardized reports, and system enhancements will further improve surveillance. Local, state, and federal partners would benefit from partnering with vital records to develop EDRSs for surveillance and to promote ongoing evaluation.
Multinational Alcohol Market Development and Public Health: Diageo in India
Authors: Esser Marissa B. , Jernigan David H. 
Published: September 2015

Alcohol is a risk factor for communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and alcohol consumption is rising steadily in India. The growth of multinational alcohol corporations, such as Diageo, contributes to India’s changing alcohol environment. We provide a brief history of India’s alcohol regulation for context and examine Diageo’s strategies for expansion in India in 2013 and 2014. Diageo is attracted to India’s younger generation, women, and emerging middle class for growth opportunities. Components of Diageo’s responsibility strategy conflict with evidence-based public health recommendations for reducing harmful alcohol consumption. Diageo’s strategies for achieving market dominance in India are at odds with public health evidence. We conclude with recommendations for protecting public health in emerging markets.
The Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association is Pleased to Provide Comments on PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper No. 2015-01, The Auditor's Use of the Work of Specialists
Authors: Joe Jennifer R. , Janvrin Diane J. , Barr-Pulliam Dereck , Mason Stephani , Pitman Marshall K. , Rezaee Zabihollah , Sanderson Kerri-Ann , Wu Yi-Jing 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY
On May 28, 2015 the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (hereafter, the Board) issued Staff Consultation Paper No. 2015-01 (hereafter, the Staff Consultation Paper) to seek information and input on the potential need to improve standards related to the auditor's use of the work of specialists. The Board requested input from investors, accounting firms, specialists, companies, and others (such as academics) about (1) current practices, (2) the potential need for changes, and (3) possible alternative regulatory approaches, and any associated economic implications, for potential improvement in standards related to oversight and assessing the objectivity of employed and engaged specialists. The comment period ended July 31, 2015. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on selected questions posed in the Staff Consultation Paper.
Data Availability: The invitation to comment (through July 31, 2015), with links to the Consultation Paper, is available at: http://www.pcaobus.org/Standards/Pages/SCP_Specialists.aspx
Differential Association Between HDL Subclasses and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a Prospective Study of Japanese Americans
Authors: Hwang You-Cheol , Hayashi Tomoshige , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. , Kahn Steven E. , Leonetti Donna L. , McNeely Marguerite J. , Boyko Edward J. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have suggested that HDL cholesterol is inversely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the association between different HDL subclasses and the risk for future type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study enrolled 406 Japanese Americans (51% male) without diabetes, aged 34–75 years. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to determine type 2 diabetes status at baseline, 2.5 years, 5 years, and 10 years after enrollment. HDL2, HDL3, total HDL cholesterol, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area by computed tomography were measured at baseline.

RESULTS
In univariate analysis, total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol were inversely associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, but HDL3 cholesterol was not. In multivariate analysis, total HDL cholesterol (odds ratio per 1-SD increment, 0.72 [95% CI 0.52–0.995], P = 0.047) and HDL2 cholesterol (odds ratio per 1-SD increment, 0.64 [95% CI 0.44–0.93], P = 0.018) were inversely associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes independent of age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, lifestyle factors, systolic blood pressure, lipid-lowering medication use, triglyceride level, HOMA-insulin resistance, and 2-h glucose; however, HDL3 cholesterol was not associated with diabetes risk. The association between diabetes risk and total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol became insignificant after adjustment for VAT area.

CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with higher HDL2 cholesterol were at lower risk for incident type 2 diabetes, but this association was confounded by and not independent of VAT. Higher HDL3 cholesterol was not associated with diabetes risk.
Momentary Predictors of Insulin Restriction Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Eating Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Merwin Rhonda M. , Dmitrieva Natalia O. , Honeycutt Lisa K. , Moskovich Ashley A. , Lane James D. , Zucker Nancy L. , Surwit Richard S. , Feinglos Mark , Kuo Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with type 1 diabetes who restrict insulin to control weight are at high risk for diabetes-related complications and premature death. However, little is known about this behavior or how to effectively intervene. The aim of the current study was to identify predictors of insulin restriction in the natural environment that might inform new treatment directions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty-three adults with type 1 diabetes and a range of eating disorder symptomatology completed 3 days of ecological momentary assessment. Participants reported emotions, eating, and insulin dosing throughout the day using their cellular telephone. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of heightened negative affect (e.g., anxiety) before eating and characteristics of the eating episode (e.g., eating a large amount of food) on the risk of insulin restriction.

RESULTS
Individuals who reported greater-than-average negative affect (general negative affect and negative affect specifically about diabetes) during the study period were more likely to restrict insulin. Momentary increases in anxiety/nervousness and guilt/disgust with self before eating (relative to an individual’s typical level) further increased the odds of restricting insulin at the upcoming meal. Insulin restriction was more likely when individuals reported that they broke a dietary rule (e.g., “no desserts”).

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that insulin restriction might be decreased by helping patients with type 1 diabetes respond effectively to heightened negative affect (e.g., anxiety, guilt) and encouraging patients to take a less rigid, punitive approach to diabetes management.
Implant-associated neoplasia in dogs: 16 cases (1983–2013)
Authors: Burton Andrew G. , Johnson Eric G. , Vernau William , Murphy Brian G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To characterize clinical and pathological features of implant-associated neoplasms in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—16 dogs with implant-associated neoplasia and 32 control dogs with osteosarcoma without implants.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with tumors associated with metallic implants (cases) treated between 1983 and 2013 were reviewed. Two dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma (controls) were matched to each case on the basis of tumor location, age, and sex.
Results—Median time from implant placement to diagnosis of neoplasia was 5.5 years (range, 9 months to 10 years). Pelvic limbs were most frequently affected, including the tibia (8/16) and femur (5/16), with 1 neoplasm involving both the femur and pelvis. Implant-associated tumors most commonly affected the diaphysis (15/16), with osteosarcomas significantly more likely to involve the long bone diaphysis in case dogs than in control dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcomas. Osteosarcoma was the most common tumor, accounting for 13 of 16 implant-associated tumors. For 7 of these osteosarcoma cases, review of histopathology results enabled subclassification into osteoblastic nonproductive (n = 3), chondroblastic (2), osteoblastic productive (1), and fibroblastic (1) groups. Three case dogs had a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and spindle cell sarcoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study highlighted important anatomic differences between spontaneous and implant-associated neoplasia in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:778–785)
Aligning Documentation With Congenital Muscular Torticollis Clinical Practice Guidelines: Administrative Case Report
Authors: Gutierrez Dennis , Kaplan Sandra L. 
Published: September 2015

Background and PurposeA hospital-based pediatric outpatient center, wanting to weave evidence into practice, initiated an update of knowledge, skills, and documentation patterns with its staff physical therapists and occupational therapists who treat people with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). This case report describes 2 cycles of implementation: (1) the facilitators and barriers to implementation and (2) selected quality improvement outcomes aligned with published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).Case DescriptionThe Pediatric Therapy Services of St Joseph's Regional Medical Center in New Jersey has 4 full-time, 1 part-time, and 3 per diem staff. Chart audits in 2012 revealed variations in measurement, interventions, and documentation that led to quality improvement initiatives. An iterative process, loosely following the knowledge-to-action cycle, included a series of in-service training sessions to review the basic anatomy, pathokinesiology, and treatment strategies for CMT; reading assignments of the available CPGs; journal review; documentation revisions; and training on the recommended measurements to implement 2 published CPGs and measure outcomes.OutcomesA previous 1-page generic narrative became a 3-page CMT-specific form aligned with the American Physical Therapy Association Section on Pediatrics CMT CPG recommendations. Staff training on the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain scale, classification of severity, type of CMT, prognostication, measures of cervical range of motion, and developmental progression improved documentation consistency from 0% to 81.9% to 100%. Clinicians responded positively to using the longer initial evaluation form.DiscussionSuccessful implementation of both clinical and documentation practices were facilitated by a multifaceted approach to knowledge translation that included a culture supportive of evidence-based practice, administrative support for training and documentation redesign, commitment by clinicians to embrace changes aimed at improved care, and clinical guidelines that provide implementable recommendations.