bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid–liquid phase separation in diseases
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Yuan Lin , Zhang Wanlu , Zhang Yi , Wu Qun , Li Chunting , Wu Min , Huang Yongye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical phenomenon, can sequester molecules to implement physiological and pathological functions. LLPS implements the assembly of numerous membraneless chambers, including stress granules and P‐bodies, containing RNA and protein. RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions play a critical role in LLPS. Scaffolding proteins, through multivalent interactions and external factors, support protein–RNA interaction networks to form condensates involved in a variety of diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Modulating LLPS phenomenon in multiple pathogenic proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer could present a promising direction, though recent advances in this area are limited. Here, we summarize in detail the complexity of LLPS in constructing signaling pathways and highlight the role of LLPS in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We also explore RNA modifications on LLPS to alter diseases progression because these modifications can influence LLPS of certain proteins or the formation of stress granules, and discuss the possibility of proper manipulation of LLPS process to restore cellular homeostasis or develop therapeutic drugs for the eradication of diseases. This review attempts to discuss potential therapeutic opportunities by elaborating on the connection between LLPS, RNA modification, and their roles in diseases.
Autosomal Recessive Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase I Deficiency: Redefining the Phenotypic Spectrum and Outcomes
Authors: Novelli Maria , Tolve Manuela , Quiroz Vicente , Carducci Claudia , Bove Rossella , Ricciardi Giacomina , Yang Kathryn , Manti Filippo , Pisani Francesco , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Galosi Serena , Leuzzi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe GCH1 gene encodes the enzyme guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), which catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical cofactor in the production of monoamine neurotransmitters. Autosomal dominant GTPCH (adGTPCH) deficiency is the most common cause of dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), whereas the recessive form (arGTPCH) is an ultrarare and poorly characterized disorder with earlier and more complex presentation that may disrupt neurodevelopmental processes. Here, we delineated the phenotypic spectrum of ARGTPCHD and investigated the predictive value of biochemical and genetic correlates for disease outcome.ObjectivesThe aim was to study 4 new cases of arGTPCH deficiency and systematically review patients reported in the literature.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and genetic data and treatment response of 45 patients are presented.ResultsThree phenotypes were outlined: (1) early‐infantile encephalopathic phenotype with profound disability (24 of 45 patients), (2) dystonia‐parkinsonism phenotype with infantile/early‐childhood onset of developmental stagnation/regression preceding the emergence of movement disorder (7 of 45), and (3) late‐onset DRD phenotype (14 of 45). All 3 phenotypes were responsive to pharmacological treatment, which for the first 2 must be initiated early to prevent disabling neurodevelopmental outcomes. A gradient of BH4 defect and genetic variant severity characterizes the 3 clinical subgroups. Hyperphenylalaninemia was not observed in the second and third groups and was associated with a higher likelihood of intellectual disability.ConclusionsThe clinical spectrum of arGTPCH deficiency is a continuum from early‐onset encephalopathies to classical DRD. Genotype and biochemical alterations may allow early diagnosis and predict clinical severity. Early treatment remains critical, especially for the most severe patients.
An improved descent Perry‐type algorithm for large‐scale unconstrained nonconvex problems and applications to image restoration problems
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Lv Jian , Xu Na 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConjugate gradient methods are much effective for large‐scale unconstrained optimization problems by their simple computations and low memory requirements. The Perry conjugate gradient method has been considered to be one of the most efficient methods in the context of unconstrained minimization. However, a globally convergent result for general functions has not been established yet. In this paper, an improved three‐term Perry‐type algorithm is proposed which automatically satisfies the sufficient descent property independent of the accuracy of line search strategy. Under the standard Wolfe line search technique and a modified secant condition, the proposed algorithm is globally convergent for general nonlinear functions without convexity assumption. Numerical results compared with the Perry method for stability, two modified Perry‐type conjugate gradient methods and two effective three‐term conjugate gradient methods for large‐scale problems up to 300,000 dimensions indicate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and reliable than the other methods for the testing problems. Additionally, we also apply it to some image restoration problems.
Construction and self‐healing properties of thermoplastic polyimide based on dynamic covalent bonding
Authors: Gao Yuanjie , Shi Jiahao , Zhang Xiaorui , Weng Ling , Sun Xue , Liu Laiweiqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanical damage to the surface of polyimide during manufacture and utilization may act as critical determinants of the properties and longevity of the material. In order to address this issue, this study prepared thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) films through the copolymerization of isocyanate and acid anhydride, which possesses superior self‐healing ability after being mechanical damaged. Moreover, polyimide films still retain its exceptional tensile strength (>90 MPa) with Young's modulus (E) (>3 GPa), high thermal stability (glass transition temperature (Tg) >220°C), and excellent insulation performance (breakdown strength (Eb) >180 kV/mm) after self‐healing. Introducing cross‐linked structures and flexible groups into the thermoplastic resin matrix appropriately not only imparts self‐healing capabilities to the material but also retains its excellent mechanical properties. The combination of straightforward copolymerization and distinctive self‐healing prowess renders it an appropriate strategy for confronting self‐healing challenges.
Health‐related quality of life among pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tager Julia B. , Palou‐Torres Akasha , Bingen Kristin M. , Hoag Jennifer A. , Burke Michael J. , Zhang Jian , Yan Ke , Karst Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundImproved survival rates broadened the pediatric oncology focus to include health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine HRQoL by treatment phase and disease risk level in pediatric patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), including those in early survivorship.ProcedureA subset of data from a larger prospective cohort study was analyzed. Data were collected from 73 patients (73 parent reports and 28 self‐reports). Parent proxy and self‐report PROMIS measures assessed HRQoL across treatment phases (early intensive, maintenance, and off treatment) and disease risk groups (standard vs high). Analyses assessed the relationship between parent proxy and patient self‐reports and the differences in HRQoL among treatment phases and risk groups.ResultsParent proxy reports generally indicated worse fatigue, pain interference, and mobility compared with patient self‐reports. Self‐reports in the early intensive treatment group suggested worse depressive symptoms, fatigue, mobility, and upper extremity function compared with those in later phases. Parent proxy reports showed worse fatigue and depressive symptoms in early intensive treatment group relative to those in later phases. Patient self‐reports in the maintenance group demonstrated the best peer relationships scores. Parent proxy reports in the high‐risk group reported significantly higher depressive symptoms and fatigue compared with the standard‐risk group.ConclusionsDifferences in HRQoL suggest targets for further assessment and intervention. The early treatment and immediate post‐survivorship periods may represent particularly critical time points. Longitudinal studies with larger and diverse samples should further explore HRQoL trajectories in this population.
Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi complex: current status, challenges and integrated strategies for managing the invasive sap‐feeding insect pest of sorghum
Authors: Vasquez Alejandro , Belsky Joseph , Khanal Neetu , Puri Heena , Balakrishnan Devi , Joshi Neelendra K , Louis Joe , Studebaker Glenn , Kariyat Rupesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelanaphis sacchari (Zehntner;Hemiptera: Aphididae), sugarcane aphid (SCA), is an invasive phloem‐feeder found worldwide with a wide host range of economically important plants including sorghum and sugarcane. Given its high reproductive capacity and ability to rapidly spread over long distances, SCA presents challenges for effective control, leading to substantial economic losses. Recent studies have identified two multiloci SCA genotypes specialized in feeding on sugarcane (MLL‐D) and sorghum (MLL‐F) in the USA, which raises concerns as the USA is the second largest sorghum‐producing country. This has encouraged research towards identifying these two biotypes where some research has stated them as two species; MLL‐D clade to be M. sacchari and MLL‐F clade to be M. sorghi Theobald (Hemiptera: Aphididae), sorghum aphid (SA). This review aims at compiling research progress that has been made on understanding the SCA/SA species complex. Furthermore, this review also highlights a wide range of management strategies against SCA/SA that includes both biological and chemical methods. In addition, the review emphasizes studies examining host plant resistance to understand and evaluate the role of R‐genes and phytohormones such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene against SCA. Beside this, plant volatiles and other secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenes and phytanes are also explored as potential control agents. Being an invasive pest, a single management tactic is inadequate to control SCA population and hence, integrated pest management practices incorporating physical, cultural and biological control methods should be implemented with exclusive chemical control as a last resort, which this review examines in detail. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Transcriptomic and epigenetic responses shed light on soybean resistance to Phytophthora sansomeana
Authors: Lee Gwonjin , DiBiase Charlotte N. , Liu Beibei , Li Tong , McCoy Austin G. , Chilvers Martin I. , Sun Lianjun , Wang Dechun , Lin Feng , Zhao Meixia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhytophthora root rot, caused by oomycete pathogens in the Phytophthora genus, poses a significant threat to soybean productivity. While resistance mechanisms against Phytophthora sojae have been extensively studied in soybean, the molecular basis underlying immune responses to Phytophthora sansomeana remains unclear. In this study, we investigated transcriptomic and epigenetic responses of two resistant (Colfax and NE2701) and two susceptible (Williams 82 and Senaki) soybean lines at four time points (2, 4, 8, and 16 h post inoculation [hpi]) after P. sansomeana inoculation. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upon pathogen inoculation in resistant lines, particularly at 8 and 16 hpi. These DEGs were predominantly associated with defense response, ethylene, and reactive oxygen species‐mediated defense pathways. Moreover, DE transposons were predominantly upregulated after inoculation, and more of them were enriched near genes in Colfax than other soybean lines. Notably, we identified a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) within the mapped region of the resistance gene that exhibited exclusive upregulation in the resistant lines after inoculation, potentially regulating two flanking LURP‐one‐related genes. Furthermore, DNA methylation analysis revealed increased CHH (where H = A, T, or C) methylation levels in lncRNAs after inoculation, with delayed responses in Colfax compared to Williams 82. Overall, our results provide comprehensive insights into soybean responses to P. sansomeana, highlighting potential roles of lncRNAs and epigenetic regulation in plant defense.
A survey on the knowledges, attitudes, behaviours and practices of goat farmers about peste des petits ruminants disease in goats at Haor and bordered areas in Sylhet district of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Sumaya Shargin , Hossain Hemayet , Talukder Sohag , Uddin Md. Saif , Uddin Md. Answar , Siddiqui Md. Saiful Islam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundContagious and economically devastating, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease affecting goats and sheep, causing significant losses in livestock productivity and posing a threat to food security and rural livelihoods worldwide.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the status of goat farmer's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about PPR disease at Sylhet district of Bangladesh.MethodsA comprehensive cross‐sectional survey, conducted over 11 weeks, targeted 130 goat owners. Following a pilot study with 20 farmers, a set of 17 validated questions on PPR KAP was validated. Data collection was performed through face‐to‐face interviews by a trained team using KOBO Toolbox, with interpretation of responses based on established thresholds for knowledge (>65%), attitude (>75%) and practice (>70%).ResultsOverall, 67.7% of participants demonstrated a good level of knowledge about PPR disease. Males exhibited 1.42 times higher odds of knowledge compared to females (odds ratio = 1.42). The middle age group (31–45 years) showed significantly higher knowledge levels (83.3%, p < 0.001). Within this age group, positive practice levels were also notably higher (54.8%). Those with a higher secondary education background exhibited the most positive practice levels (>80%). Participants whose additional income came from non‐governmental organization employment showed a higher positive practice level (71.4%), 1.46 times higher than other income sources.ConclusionStrategic interventions should prioritize female farmers, educational empowerment and collaboration with non‐governmental organizations to bolster livestock health and rural livelihoods in Bangladesh as part of national PPR control strategy to fulfil the goals of Office International des Epizooties/World Organization for Animal Health (OIE/WOAH) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) PPR eradication by 2030.
Ultrasound findings in 34 newborn foals with uroperitoneum
Authors: Bernick André , Demattio Lukas Stephan , Wehrend Axel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundUroperitoneum is a typical disease of the newborn foal, which occurs rarely but regularly. Ultrasonography is considered the most important imaging method for diagnosing this disease. Thus far, only one older case series comprising 31 foals suffering from uroperitoneum has systematically listed results of ultrasound examinations.ObjectiveThis paper presents the findings of an ultrasonographic examination of 34 foals with uroperitoneum in order to inform future interpretation of ultrasonographic data in suspected uroperitoneum cases.MethodUltrasonographic data of 34 neonatal foals up to the age of 14 days diagnosed with uroperitoneum between 2006 and 2022 were analysed.ResultsMost foals demonstrated highly increased levels of free (97%), anechogenic (91%) fluid in the abdomen. Although the urinary bladder was frequently visible (50%), bladder wall discontinuity was only occasionally detectable (18%).ConclusionTransabdominal ultrasonography has proved to be a very reliable imaging method for diagnosing suspected uroperitoneum. It is recommended that it be used in every case of suspected uroperitoneum in order to exclude differential diagnoses.
A CFD Study on High‐Thrust Corrections for Blade Element Momentum Models
Authors: Zilic de Arcos Federico , Wimshurst Aidan , Willden Richard H. J. , Pinon Grégory , Vogel Christopher R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a reanalysis of four axial‐flow rotor simulation datasets to study the relationship between thrust and axial induction factor. We concentrate on high‐thrust conditions and study variations in induction factor and loads across the span of the different rotor blades. The datasets consist of three different axial‐flow rotors operating at different tip‐speed ratios and, for one dataset, also at different blockage ratios. The reanalysis shows differences between the blade‐resolved CFD results and a widespread empirical turbulent wake model (TWM) used within blade element momentum (BEM) turbine models. These differences result in BEM models underestimating thrust and especially power for axial‐flow rotors operating in high‐thrust regimes. The accuracy of BEM model predictions are improved substantially by correcting this empirical TWM, producing better agreement with blade‐resolved CFD simulations for thrust and torque across most of the span of the blades of the three rotors. Additionally, the paper highlights deficiencies in tiploss modelling in common BEM implementations and highlights the impact of blockage on the relationship between thrust and axial induction factors.
Has Anything Changed? The Current Roleof Archaeo-geophysics in Australian Archaeological Research and Cultural Heritage Management
Authors: Lowe Kelsey M. , Moffat Ian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2012, Australian Archaeology published the paper entitled ‘Review of Geophysical Applications in Australian Archaeology’. The goals of the article were to examine the history of archaeo-geophysics in Australian archaeological research and cultural heritage management (CHM) and consider what factors may have prevented these methods from being utilised in many archaeological investigations to date. It concluded that considerations such as cost, time, instrument availability and lack of theoretical knowledge contributed to the limited uptake of these techniques. This paper also offered suggestions on how geophysical applications were used internationally and whether there was potential for their more extensive use in Australian archaeology. Ten years have passed since this review. Since then, there has been a major increase in the uptake of geophysics in Australian archaeology and CHM. This paper discusses these changes and improvements, and what new opportunities have emerged since 2012. This includes a significant increase in the availability of training in archaeo-geophysics in Australian universities, a deeper engagement with Indigenous communities and the increased availability of equipment.
Recent Soil Study Research in Irish Archaeological Prospection Strategies
Authors: Bonsall James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the current state of soil studies incorporated within archaeological prospection strategies in Ireland. Many publications fail to address the importance of soil science in their understanding of archaeological prospection data. The challenges presented by archaeological prospection, particularly in relation to the importance of soils and geology in a country dominated by carboniferous limestones, tills and peats, are reviewed. Six case studies demonstrate the integration of soil studies and their application to archaeological prospection. The challenges are not confined to soils and geology—an emergent knowledge gap is stifling the successful application of soil science for archaeology. The case studies presented in this paper emphasise the ease and benefits of incorporating soil science within a project, with preferences for soil recovery and analysis to aid (or refine) archaeological interpretations, and determine (in)appropriate methods of further research. More collaboration is required between geophysicists, excavators and soil scientists in order to plan, retrieve and analyse samples, as well as focused thought on how such data should be used to increase our knowledge of soil influence.
The Place of Archaeo-Geophysics in Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Site Investigations in Turkey
Authors: Drahor Mahmut Göktuğ , Berge Meriç Aziz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe first examples of archaeo-geophysical investigations in the territory of Turkey, are seen in the 1960s. Archaeo-geophysical studies, which came to an important place in archaeological site investigations and documentation of cultural heritage sites after the 1990s, have taken place in many legislations in the country today. Recently, the employment of non-destructive geophysical techniques in Turkey’s archaeological sites has been drastically increasing. This chapter presents the history of archaeo-geophysical studies, methodological developments, educational and commercial advances. Additionally, widespread commercial applications, how archaeological site types are handled, verification of the relationship between geophysics and excavation results, and good practice examples are also summarised. In addition to the soil variations encountered in archaeological sites, the interpretation of the results of the geophysical techniques used in the determination of the archaeological context, which is highly complex due to ancient earthquakes in archaeological sites in Turkey, is also discussed in this chapter. Although archaeo-geophysics is an essential part of the study of archaeological and cultural heritage sites in Turkey, soil prospecting is limited and there appears to be a lack of integration in comparing geophysical results with the soil prospecting results.