bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neck Pain and Proprioception Revisited Using the Proprioception Incongruence Detection Test
Authors: Harvie Daniel S. , Hillier Susan , Madden Victoria J. , Smith Ross T. , Broecker Markus , Meulders Ann , Moseley G. Lorimer 
Published: September 2015

Background
Proprioceptive imprecision is believed to contribute to persistent pain. Detecting imprecision in order to study or treat it remains challenging given the limitations of current tests.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether proprioceptive imprecision could be detected in people with neck pain by testing their ability to identify incongruence between true head motion and a false visual reference using the Proprioception Incongruence Detection (PID) Test.

Design
A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Methods
Twenty-four people with neck pain and 24 matched controls repeatedly rotated to specific markers within a virtual world and indicated if their true head rotation was more or less than the rotation suggested by the visual feedback. Visual feedback was manipulated at 6 corrections, ranging from 60% of true movement to 140% of true movement. A standard repositioning error (RPE) test as undertaken for comparison.

Results
Healthy controls were better able to detect incongruence between vision and true head rotation (X̅=75.6%, SD=8.5%) than people with neck pain were (X̅=69.6%, SD=12.7%). The RPE test scores were not different between groups. The PID Test score related to self-reported pain intensity but did not relate to RPE test score.

Limitations
Causality cannot be established from this cross-sectional study, and further work refining the PID Test is needed for it to offer clinical utility.

Conclusions
Proprioceptive precision for neck movement appears worse in people with neck pain than in those without neck pain, and the extent of the deficit appears to be related to usual pain severity. The PID Test appears to be a more sensitive test than the RPE test and is likely to be useful for assessment of proprioceptive function in research and clinical settings.
Modelling ice-cliff backwasting on a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Steiner Jakob F. , Pellicciotti Francesca , Buri Pascal , Miles Evan S. , Immerzeel Walter W. , Reid Tim D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIce cliffs have been identified as a reason for higher ablation rates on debris-covered glaciers than are implied by the insulation effects of the debris. This study aims to improve our understanding of cliff backwasting, and the role of radiative fluxes in particular. An energy-balance model is forced with new data gathered in May and October 2013 on Lirung Glacier, Nepalese Himalaya. Observations show substantial variability in melt between cliffs, between locations on any cliff and between seasons. Using a high-resolution digital elevation model we calculate longwave fluxes incident to the cliff from surrounding terrain and include the effect of local shading on shortwave radiation. This is an advance over previous studies, that made simplified assumptions on cliff geometry and radiative fluxes. Measured melt rates varied between 3.25 and 8.6 cm d−1 in May and 0.18 and 1.34 cm d−1 in October. Model results reproduce the strong variability in space and time, suggesting considerable differences in radiative fluxes over one cliff. In October the model fails to reproduce stake readings, probably due to the lack of a refreezing component. Disregarding local topography can lead to overestimation of melt at the point scale by up to ∼9%.
Communication and Diagnostic Interfaces in Remote Laboratory Management Systems
Authors: Krbeček Michal , Schauer František 
Published: September 2015

There are many Remote laboratories (RLs) in the world which are created mainly by schools or some organizations. But the trend suggests that in the future all of these laboratories will be merged into large grids which will be administered by Remote Laboratory Management Systems (RLMS). Such systems are composed from many parts which communicate with each other. This communication can be crucial for correct functioning of whole system.
The paper intends to contribute to the standardized solutions in communication schemes of RLMSs. Each part of RLMS is described in terms of communication requirements. The largest volume of data is transmitted through the Internet. The security of this communication channel based on TCP/IP protocol is described in detail. The last part of paper describes the proposal and creation of data communication and diagnostic interface for individual remote experiments included in RLMS.
The PDK1–Rsk Signaling Pathway Controls Langerhans Cell Proliferation and Patterning
Authors: Zaru Rossana , Matthews Stephen P. , Edgar Alexander J. , Prescott Alan R. , Gomez-Nicola Diego , Hanauer André , Watts Colin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC), the dendritic cells of the epidermis, are distributed in a distinctive regularly spaced array. In the mouse, the LC array is established in the first few days of life from proliferating local precursors, but the regulating signaling pathways are not fully understood. We found that mice lacking the kinase phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 selectively lack LC. Deletion of the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 target kinases, ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (Rsk1) and Rsk2, produced a striking perturbation in the LC network: LC density was reduced 2-fold, but LC size was increased by the same magnitude. Reduced LC numbers in Rsk1/2−/− mice was not due to accelerated emigration from the skin but rather to reduced proliferation at least in adults. Rsk1/2 were required for normal LC patterning in neonates, but not when LC were ablated in adults and replaced by bone marrow–derived cells. Increased LC size was an intrinsic response to reduced LC numbers, reversible on LC emigration, and could be observed in wild type epidermis where LC size also correlated inversely with LC density. Our results identify a key signaling pathway needed to establish a normal LC network and suggest that LC might maintain epidermal surveillance by increasing their “footprint” when their numbers are limited.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Plantar Heel in Asymptomatic Endurance Runners
Authors: Hall Mederic M. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Sayeed Yusef A. , Smith Jay 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of asymptomatic sonographically determined structural changes in the plantar fascia and plantar heel pad among experienced runners without a history of heel pain.MethodsThirty‐nine asymptomatic runners without a history of plantar heel pain were recruited. The following sonographic measures were recorded: power Doppler sonography in the plantar heel pad and plantar fascia, echo texture of the plantar heel pad, uncompressed heel pad thickness, compressed heel pad thickness, heel pad compressibility index, plantar fascia thickness, and plantar fascia echo texture.ResultsDoppler flow was shown in the plantar heel pads of 88% (68 of 77) of heels and 92% (36 of 39) of runners. Heel pad echo texture abnormalities were found in 86% (66 of 77) of heels and 97% (38 of 39) of runners. Mean values for right and left uncompressed heel pad thickness were 13.8 and 13.7 mm, respectively. The mean heel pad compressibility indices were 0.51 for the right heel and 0.53 for the left heel. Eight percent (6 of 77) of fat pads in 10% (4 of 39) of runners had abnormal compressibility indices. Doppler flow was present in the plantar fascia in 31% (24 of 77) of heels and 44% (17 of 39) of runners. The mean plantar fascia thicknesses were 3.78 mm for the right and 3.87 mm for the left. Forty‐eight percent (37 of 77) of heels had an abnormal plantar fascia echo texture.ConclusionsAt least 1 potentially abnormal sonographic finding was present in each heel of all asymptomatic runners in this study. Consequently, sonographic abnormalities in the plantar heel should be interpreted within the clinical context when evaluating runners.
Sonographic Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast With Microinvasion
Authors: Yao Jie-Jie , Zhan Wei-Wei , Chen Man , Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Zhu Ying , Fei Xiao-Chun , Chen Xiao-Song 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the sonographic results, clinicopathologic characteristics, and biomarkers in pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and DCIS with microinvasion.MethodsA total of 218 patients with pathologically proven DCIS based on sonography in our hospital (2009–2013) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinicopathologic characteristics and biomarkers were examined. Grayscale sonographic results were investigated according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon, and color Doppler sonography was used to assess the vascularization distribution and degree. All variables were compared by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsAll patients were female, with a mean age of 55.3 years (range, 32–78 years). One hundred sixty patients with 160 lesions had pure DCIS, and 58 patients with 58 lesions had DCIS with microinvasion. Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion was more likely to have sentinel lymph node metastases, larger tumors, a higher tumor grade, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, and a high Ki‐67 index (all P < .05). Univariate analysis showed that DCIS with microinvasion was more likely to be hypoechoic with microcalcifications, have a mixed vascularization distribution (equal peripheral and internal blood flow signals), and have a high degree of vascularization (at least 2 penetrating vessels; all P < .05). Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of microcalcifications and a high degree of vascularization were significantly and independently associated with microinvasion (both P < .001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that DCIS with microinvasion is more likely to have microcalcifications and a high degree of vascularization than pure DCIS. Patients with these sonographic features are more likely to have a high tumor grade, sentinel lymph node metastases, larger tumors, a high Ki‐67 index, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Toe‐Brachial Index for Detecting Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Tehan Peta , Bray Alan , Keech Ruth , Rounsley Richard , Carruthers Angela , Chuter Vivienne Helaine 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe toe‐brachial index (TBI) is an alternative to the ankle‐brachial index (ABI) in screening for peripheral arterial disease (PAD); however, there is limited evidence comparing their diagnostic accuracy. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of the ABI and TBI in a population at risk of PAD.MethodsThe sensitivity and specificity of the ABI and TBI were determined by color duplex sonography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 119 participants were recruited (75 male and 44 female). The sensitivity for PAD was highest for the TBI (71%; ABI, 45%), and the specificity was highest for the ABI (93%; TBI, 78%). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the TBI (ROC area, 0.77; P = .0001) had greater clinical efficacy for diagnosis of PAD than the ABI (ROC area, 0.65; P = .005).ConclusionsIn specific populations, the TBI may have greater clinical efficacy than the ABI for diagnosis of PAD.
Prognostic Value of Diagnostic Sonography in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Fleischer Adam E. , Albright Rachel H. , Crews Ryan T. , Kelil Tatiana , Wrobel James S. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether the sonographic appearance of the plantar fascia is predictive of the treatment (ie, pain) response in patients receiving supportive therapy for proximal plantar fasciitis. This study was a secondary analysis of data obtained from a randomized controlled trial of ambulatory adults, which examined the efficacy of 3 different foot supports for plantar fasciitis.MethodsParticipants underwent diagnostic sonographic examinations of their heel at baseline and again at 3 months by a single experienced foot and ankle surgeon. Quantitative (eg, thickness) and qualitative (eg, biconvexity) characteristics of the fascia were recorded according to a standard protocol. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of the pain response.ResultsSeventy patients completed a baseline evaluation, and 63 patients completed a 3‐month follow‐up assessment. The pain response was not associated with the type of foot support (P> .05). The only significant indicator of an unfavorable response in the univariate and multivariate analyses was biconvexity of the plantar fascia on sonography at presentation (multivariate odds ratio, 4.76 [95% confidence interval, 1.16–19.5; P= .030). Furthermore, changes in self‐reported pain over the 3‐month study period were not accompanied by alterations in plantar fascia thickness over this time (r = .056; P = .671).ConclusionsWe conclude that patients who present with biconvexity of the plantar fascia may be less responsive to tier 1 treatment regimens that center around mechanical support of the plantar fascia. Furthermore, follow‐up measurements of the fascia in this population should not weigh heavily in decisions such as return to play.
Analysis of suicide attempts and completions at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System: a retrospective review
Authors: Oliveira Rosana , Moore Troy A. , Gutierrez Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundSuicide continues to be a growing public health issue, and suicidal behaviors have been identified as a critical problem in the military population, with the number of soldiers dying by suicide exceeding those killed in action.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the population with attempted or completed suicides at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System and to analyze differences between those 2 populations. Other outcomes included adherence to psychiatric medications 6 months before suicide attempt or completion and psychiatric hospitalizations, psychiatric emergency department visits, and “no-show” appointments to mental health providers.MethodsData were collected from the Suicide Prevention and Application Network for patients from South Texas Veterans Health Care System who had attempted or completed suicide between September 1, 2011, and September 30, 2013. Those data were supplemented with data from the computerized patient-record system. A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect further information.ResultsOf 120 events included in the analysis, there were 97 attempts (81%) and 23 completions (19%). Men were significantly more likely to complete a suicide than women were (P = .025). Those that attempted suicide were more likely to have previous attempts compared with those who completed suicide (mean of 1.01 versus 0.17 respectively, P = .0035). The most frequent method for attempt was toxic ingestion (accounting for 61.9% of attempts), while the most frequent method of completing suicide was by using a firearm (87.0%); there was a statistically significant difference found between methods used for suicide attempt versus completion (P &lt; .0001). Significantly more attempts than completions involved alcohol (21 versus 0 respectively; P = .013). Those on divalproex were less likely to complete suicide (16 attempts, 0 completions; P = .040). There were no differences between groups for the secondary outcomes studied.ConclusionsCharacteristics associated with completion of suicide in this analysis include male gender and using a firearm, while having previous attempts, being on divalproex, or using alcohol are associated with being more likely to attempt rather than complete suicide. More information is needed on how to appropriately identify high-risk veterans, and suicide safety plans should be developed for these patients to minimize their risk.
Evaluation of a depression case management service: Improving depression care and impact on suicide assessment
Authors: Hopper Jessica 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death in the US. Many factors impact suicide and suicide prevention; however, improved awareness, recognition, and depression management account for some of the best suicide prevention strategies.MethodsA depression case management service, compared to usual care, was evaluated for its ongoing assessment of patients with depression and improvements in care.ResultsCase management demonstrates improved documentation of PHQ9 scores, response rates, and remission rates when compared to usual care.DiscussionAdditional benefits of case management are seen in improved suicide assessment and potential for intervention and access to care.
A mechanistic analysis of early Eocene latitudinal gradients of isotopes in precipitation
Authors: Winnick Matthew J. , Caves Jeremy K. , Chamberlain C. Page 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe use a one‐dimensional reactive transport model of isotopes in precipitation (δ18O) to investigate the physical mechanisms controlling global meridional isotope profiles under early Eocene hothouse conditions. Simulations of early Eocene precipitation isotopes display reduced meridional gradients relative to the modern climate with the largest increases in δ18O occurring at high latitudes, matching proxy data. These reduced gradients are controlled primarily by polar amplification that increases high‐latitude length scales of specific humidity and match our compilation of proxy‐based reconstructions. Comparing Eocene general circulation model simulations run with pCO2 of 2240 and 4480 ppm, we find that meridional isotopic profiles are insensitive to the associated 5°C change in global temperatures due to the relative lack of polar amplification. Finally, we hypothesize that observed negative δD anomalies in precipitation during peak warming of early Eocene hyperthermal events are the result of a theorized reduction in the strength of midlatitude transient eddies.
Imaging the development of the cold dense plasma sheet
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Dayeh M. A. , Livadiotis G. , McComas D. J. , Ogasawara K. , Valek P. , Funsten H. O. , Petrinec S. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) frequently images the Earth's magnetosphere in Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs). In May 2013, there was an extended period of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) while IBEX was imaging the Earth's magnetotail. During this period, IBEX imaged the development of the cold plasma sheet between about 15 and 20 Earth radii (RE) down the tail from the Earth. The ENA fluxes changed in both amplitude and average energy during this development. In addition, the plasma sheet may have thickened. At the end of the interval, the IMF turned southward and ENA fluxes decreased. The thickening of the plasma sheet suggests that the plasma in this region increases in both density and volume as it develops during extended periods of northward IMF. The decrease in the ENA flux suggests thinning of the plasma sheet and loss of plasma associated with the IMF turning.
Recent observed and simulated changes in precipitation over Africa
Authors: Maidment Ross I. , Allan Richard P. , Black Emily 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultiple observational data sets and atmosphere‐only simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 are analyzed to characterize recent rainfall variability and trends over Africa focusing on 1983–2010. Data sets exhibiting spurious variability, linked in part to a reduction in rain gauge density, were identified. The remaining observations display coherent increases in annual Sahel rainfall (29 to 43 mm yr−1 per decade), decreases in March–May East African rainfall (−14 to −65 mm yr−1 per decade), and increases in annual Southern Africa rainfall (32 to 41 mm yr−1 per decade). However, Central Africa annual rainfall trends vary in sign (−10 to +39 mm yr−1 per decade). For Southern Africa, observed and sea surface temperature (SST)‐forced model simulated rainfall variability are significantly correlated (r~0.5) and linked to SST patterns associated with recent strengthening of the Pacific Walker circulation.
The importance of rare, high‐wind events for dust uplift in northern Africa
Authors: Cowie Sophie M. , Marsham John H. , Knippertz Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDust uplift is a nonlinear thresholded function of wind speed and therefore particularly sensitive to the long tails of observed wind speed probability density functions. This suggests that a few rare high‐wind events can contribute substantially to annual dust emission. Here we quantify the relative roles of different wind speeds to dust‐generating winds using surface synoptic observations of dust emission and wind from northern Africa. The results show that winds between 2 and 5 m s−1 above the threshold cause the most emission. Of the dust‐generating winds, 25% is produced by very rare events occurring only at 0.1 to 1.4% of the time, depending on the region. Dust‐producing winds are underestimated in ERA‐I, since it misses the long tail found in observations. ERA‐I overpredicts (underpredicts) the frequency of emission strength winds in the southern (northern) regions. These problems cannot be solved by simple tunings. Finally, we show that rare events make the largest contribution to interannual variability in dust‐generating winds and that ERA severely underestimates this interannual variability.
Investigating decadal‐scale geomorphic dynamics in an alpine mountain setting
Authors: Micheletti Natan , Lambiel Christophe , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe know little about the effect of recent climate variability upon landscapes at the timescale of decades because of (1) the complex, nonlinear, and path‐dependent nature of the response of a landscape to climate forcing and (2) the difficulty of quantifying spatially distributed impacts at the timescale of decades to centuries, despite this being the timescale over which significant hypotheses have been raised over human impacts upon climate change and hence geomorphic systems. A unique resource to investigate the linkages between climatic variability and geomorphic response is provided by the extensive coverage of aerial imagery commonly available since the 1950s. Here we use archival digital photogrammetry to produce high‐precision digital elevation models over large spatial scales, and so to reconstruct the quantitative history of surface downwasting and sediment flux in a high mountain alpine system, over the timescales of decades. Propagation of error methods is used to identify locations of significant landscape response and to compute volumes of significant surface change. Orthorectified aerial images are used in an image correlation framework to detect horizontal and vertical displacements of components of the landscape. Results are coupled to extant climate data and modeled snow cover to show how the landscape responds to climate forcing and to geomorphological maps to understand how this response varies between landscape elements. The results show distinct landscape response to both warming and cooling periods and a tendency for the acceleration of surface displacement under warming conditions. Precipitation and snow cover are critical in controlling glacier dynamics and rock glacier displacement velocities. However, while some landforms might lead to locally high sediment flux, landscape heritage can disconnect zones of high change rates from the valley bottom. Hence, the landscape response to climate forcing is not necessarily reflected in valley system processes or sediment deposits.