bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural dyadic collaboration in heart failure
Authors: Durante A , Grant J S , Abbott L , Bassi E , Dal Molin A , Graven L J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Dyads (patient/care partner) living with heart failure have shared responsibility for patient care. While theoretical and empirical literature regarding heart failure dyadic care is evolving rapidly, sociocultural contexts are unique and affect relationship dynamics. Yet, dynamics and underlying structures of rural dyadic collaboration in heart failure remains unknown.

Purpose
The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe the dynamics and underlying structures of dyadic collaboration in heart failure among rural dyads.

Methods
A semi-structured interview was used to evaluate the acceptability and usefulness of a 12-week problem-solving intervention in addressing dyadic heart failure-related issues and the development of effective management strategies in week 5. Initially, in the qualitative analysis, an adjusted matrix analysis for each rural dyad was used to identify these dyadic issues and strategies. Subsequently, dynamics and underlying structures of collaboration occurring within these dyads in addressing these issues and strategies were analyzed and thematic codes generated. Finally, a multiple correspondence analysis of dyadic collaboration was performed within these thematic codes and a Benzécri equation used to normalize results, helping to determine the underlying structure and variance explained by the model on a Cartesian graph.

Results
Twenty-eight living in the rural southeastern U.S. were included. Patients were mostly Caucasian (73.3%), female (60%), married (70%), and college-educated (43%), with an average age of 67.7 years. Care partners were primarily women (n = 50%), Caucasian (82.1%), married (89.3%), and high school-educated (46.4%), with an average age of 64.5 years. Using inductive coding, four codes emerged regarding dyadic relational and collaborative aspects between dyads: role awareness, requesting or receiving help, and improving dyadic communication. XLStat was used for a multiple correspondence analysis (Fig. 1), with checking and then normalizing results using the Benzécri equation on R (Fig.2). There were two gender-determined patterns within dyads. In dyads in which the patient was female and the care partner male, communication improved, requests for assistance were verbalized, and there was an improvement in collaborative orientation. However, partners were unaware of their collaborative role. In contrast, when the care partner was a woman and the patient a man, communication and requests for help were implied, and there was no improvement in collaborative orientation. In this situation, partners had full role awareness.

Conclusion(s)
These findings suggest gender constitutes a key element in communication, verbalization of needs, and collaborative orientation within rural dyads living with heart failure. The importance of gender roles may be useful in designing future dyadic interventions for rural individuals with heart failure and their informal care partners.
Perceived social support and stress-coping strategies among cardiac patients
Authors: Schneider-Matyka D , Wojcik J , Rachubinska K , Grochans E , Cybulska A M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Social support is one of the most important factors influencing human health. It is particularly important for patients after myocardial infarction, as it helps them reduce feelings of anxiety, uncertainty and isolation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sociodemographic variables and social support on the choice of stress coping styles among patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction.

Methods
This survey-based study involved 120 patients after myocardial infarction, hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology with the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. The research instruments used in this study were: the author’s questionnaire and The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS).

Results
Based on the collected data, it was observed that the vast majority of respondents experienced high levels of stress. Women had significantly higher levels of stress than men (0 = 0.039), and were more likely to choose an emotion-oriented coping style (p = 0.011). It was also observed that avoidance-oriented coping was significantly more often used by retirees and pensioners than by employees (0.008). The study showed that information support statistically significantly correlated with avoidance-oriented coping (AOC) (r = -0.235, p = 0.01), including social diversion (seeking social contact) (r = -0.222, p = 0.015). Emotional support statistically significantly correlated with task-oriented coping (r = -0.224, p = 0.014), and avoidance-oriented coping (r = -0.24, p = 0.008), including social diversion (r = -0.284, p = 0.002). Instrumental support statistically significantly correlated with social diversion (r = -0.259, p = 0.004). Furthermore, valuation support statistically significantly correlated with task-oriented coping (r = -0.341, p &lt; 0.001) and emotion-oriented coping (r = 0.195, p = 0.033).

Conclusion
The vast majority of patients hospitalized for heart attack experience high levels of stress and receive instrumental and information support. Women have usually higher levels of stress than men, and are more likely to utilize emotion-oriented coping strategies. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between receiving information support and adopting stress-coping styles focused on avoidance and seeking social contacts.
Health-related quality of life and arrhythmia frequency following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a descriptive study
Authors: Manthou P , Alexandrou K , Sigala E , Lioliousis G , Koumallos N , Sarafis P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is the preferred method in Coronary Artery Disease, particularly in patients with multi-vessel disease and impaired left ventricular function. Besides the success of surgical intervention, achieving a good level of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is the primary goal of the entire process.

Objective
The aim of our study is to evaluate HRQoL before and after CABG surgery and to assess the adherence to pharmacotherapy and the frequency of arrhythmias postoperatively during a 6- month follow-up period.

Methods
The study design involves a descriptive longitudinal study. The study was conducted in one public hospital and two private hospitals of Cyprus. The follow-up period for participants was determined at 6 months post-CABG surgery. HRQoL assessment was conducted using the MacNew questionnaire, and the evaluation of arrhythmias and other clinical data was performed using a Clinical Data Evaluation Form created for the study purposes.

Results
Our study included 103 people who had undergone CABG surgery. HRQoL decreased at 3 months post-CABG surgery compared to the preoperative period (Mean: 5.03, SD: ±1.02 vs Mean: 4.75, SD: ±1.00) but improved at 6 months post-surgery (Mean: 6.19, SD: ±0.67). Among the total of patients, 21 (20.6%) developed Atrial Fibrillation (AF) postoperatively. All patients with AF received immediate treatment, and sinus rhythm was restored. Additionally, 6 patients developed other types of arrhythmias, among whom 1 patient experienced cardiac arrest with an initial asystole rhythm and eventually passed away.

Conclusion
CABG significantly affects HRQoL, showing a temporary decline postoperatively followed by improvement. Arrhythmias and compliance with pharmacotherapy are crucial aspects of postoperative care.
Including patient perspectives in secondary prevention: one step closer to patients needs
Authors: Jesus T , Gomes A F , Mesquita Bastos J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Including patients in the decisions regarding their health is challenging. Patients’ understanding of their health conditions and lifestyle behaviors are strongly influenced by the interactions between patients and health care providers (1). Putting their needs up-front when you are designing projects for a global approach on Secondary Prevention is even more defiant. Following up to the person-centered care approach, the best way to tailor anything is to focus on the patients’ needs, by including the patient in the choices of the services they can have/need available. Having initiated the partnership, it is also necessary to implement it and safeguard it (2).

Purpose
To identify the patients’ needs, regarding the Prevention Program, in order to better shape the health care services provision.

Methods
A qualitative design approach was carried out. A focus group was conducted with patients enrolled in the Cardiovascular Risk Prevention Program (N=8), that have participated in more than two components of the program. The aim of this focus group was to obtain feedback from patients in order to improve and develop the services included in the Secondary Prevention Program. Content analysis was performed, results were assessed with dedicated software.

Results
There were tree specific topics that were evidenced: communication/access; education; time. Regarding the communication/access, patients mostly outlined the need for a close-up partnership, in order for them to have faster and easier communication channel with the health care professionals team. In the education topic, patients identified the need for increasing the number of educational sessions and repeating some contents, in order to have more discussion moments. The need for increase of the interactive component of certain sessions was also outlined. Patients also identified time as an issue, considering that the sessions are during lunch time, the multidisciplinary consultations take longer than the pre-established timings, and they’re only one day per week.

Conclusion(s)
The obtained results were used for Program improvement, by creating new communication and educational opportunities. They also served as fuelers for safeguarding this partnerships, as patients were involved in the update and further development of the Program, that they were and are still benefiting from. Patient involvement in the development of healthcare services is a great step towards improvement of health systems performance globally.
Health care professionals expectations on mobile exergaming to decrease sedentary time in patients with heart failure
Authors: Klompstra L , Jaarsma T , Olsson M , Bayes-Genis A , Lupon J , Gonzales B , Stromberg A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Exergaming is a promising intervention to decrease sedentary time in patients with Heart Failure (HF). For the implementation for mobile exergaming in clinical practice it is important to assess the expectations Health Care Professionals (HCPs) for this new technology for patients with HF.

Purpose
To explore the expectations of HCPs on mobile exergaming to decrease sedentary time in patients with heart failure.

Method
A qualitative design was used. Data on expectations HCPs have with exergaming for patients with HF were collected between September to October 2023 with semi-structured interviews. A total of 17 interviews including nine cardiologists, two rehabilitation physicians, five nurses and one physiotherapist. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
In total five themes were found: (1) Exergaming can be complementary or alternative; (2) Exergaming benefit from familiarization and socialization; (3) Exergaming support adherence and motivation; (4) Technology knowledge and skills is required; (5) The patients sex influenced expectations on exergaming. HCPs expected that exergaming could be a complementary technology following cardiac rehabilitation. HCPs expressed that exergaming should not be used as an alternative for physical activity advice or cardiac rehabilitation. The importance of a good familiarization to exergaming was seen as important and express that increased social interaction e.g. family involvement when introducing exergaming to a patient could make the familiarization easier. Exergaming was expected to be a motivator and increase adherence to physical activity and potential reduce sedentary time. Mobile phone reminders for physically activity were seen as important for patients’ motivation. The lack of technology knowledge was seen as a barrier for exergaming. HCPs expects that exergaming will be harder for older patients with HF. There was a divergence of opinions on the ease of exergaming between men and women, with some expecting it to be easier for men, while others believe that women possess more technology knowledge, especially concerning mobile phones.

Conclusion
HCPs expected that exergaming could motivate and improve adherence to physical activity and be a complementary technology to use for decreasing patients’ sedentary time in clinical settings. Implementation should involve adequate time for familiarization, family engagement, and additional support to master technology for older patients with heart failure. Future research should further explore HCP attitudes and potential differences in exergaming prescription and adoption with regard to the patient’s sex.
A modular inquiry-based semester theme that integrates data science education and bioinformatics in protein structure function courses
Authors: Amtul Zareen , Firoozbakht Forough , Rezaeian Iman , Aziz Arham A , Gehlaut Padmini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
With an exponential growth in biological data and computing power, familiarity with bioinformatics has become a demanding and popular skill set both in academia and industry. There is a need to increase students’ competencies to be able to take on bioinformatic careers, to get them familiarized with scientific professions in data science and the academic training required to pursue them, in a field where demand outweighs the supply.

Methods
Here we implemented a set of bioinformatic activities into a protein structure and function course of a graduate program. Concisely, students were given hands-on opportunities to explore the bioinformatics-based analyses of biomolecular data and structural biology via a semester-long case study structured as inquiry-based bioinformatics exercises. Towards the end of the term, the students also designed and presented an assignment project that allowed them to document the unknown protein that they identified using bioinformatic knowledge during the term.

Results
The post-module survey responses and students’ performances in the lab module imply that it furthered an in-depth knowledge of bioinformatics. Despite having not much prior knowledge of bioinformatics prior to taking this module students indicated positive feedback.

Conclusion
The students got familiar with cross-indexed databases that interlink important data about proteins, enzymes as well as genes. The essential skillsets honed by this research-based bioinformatic pedagogical approach will empower students to be able to leverage this knowledge for their future endeavours in the bioinformatics field.
Nonlinear relationship between technological innovation and carbon emission: evidence from maximal information coefficient approach
Authors: Zhu Yi , Liu Shuning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction has emerged as a paramount priority, aiming to achieve ‘peak emissions and carbon neutrality’, wherein green innovation assumes a critical role. The existing literature has extensively examined the impact of green innovations on carbon emissions. However, there has been comparatively less emphasis on the nonlinear relationship between technological innovations and carbon emission. This research employs the panel data from 16 districts in Shanghai spanning from 2010 to 2019 to investigate the nonlinear relationship between technological innovation and carbon emissions. The primary objective of our research is to examine the applicability of the maximum information coefficient method within an environmental context. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that patent applications, patent citations, and patent grants exhibit feature importance scores of 0.55, 0.53, and 0.52, respectively, according to the random forest regression results. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers committed to achieving carbon neutrality of China.
Improving the prediction of energy performance of building using electromagnetic field optimization algorithm
Authors: Ma Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Considering the significance of proper energy performance analysis of buildings, many recent studies have presented potential applications of machine learning models for predicting buildings’ thermal loads. Some of these models have been built upon optimization algorithms in order to enhance their prediction accuracy. However, due to the importance of time in engineering calculations, the long optimization time of the hybrid models has remained a problem. In this study, a quick optimization algorithm called electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) is presented to deal with this issue. The EFO is combined with a feed-forward artificial neural network (FFANN) to predict the annual thermal energy demand (EDAT) of a residential building based on the building’s characteristics and architecture. A well-known dataset consisting of 11 inputs is used to train and test the proposed model. Additionally, nine conventional FFANNs and several hybrid machine learning are considered benchmark models to evaluate the performance of the EFO-FFANN. According to the results, the calculated mean absolute percentage errors of the EFO-FFANN in the training and testing phases were 2.06% and 1.81%, respectively. The EFO algorithm could improve the prediction accuracy of the conventional FFANNs by around 38%. Hence, the proposed model and its simplified formula can of interest to both civil and energy engineers to do informed decision-making and optimize building energy performance in real-world projects.
Dynamics of CRISPR-mediated virus–host interactions in the human gut microbiome
Authors: López-Beltrán Adrián , Botelho João , Iranzo Jaime 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arms races between mobile genetic elements and prokaryotic hosts are major drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in microbial communities. Prokaryotic defense systems such as CRISPR-Cas have the potential to regulate microbiome composition by modifying the interactions among bacteria, plasmids, and phages. Here, we used longitudinal metagenomic data from 130 healthy and diseased individuals to study how the interplay of genetic parasites and CRISPR-Cas immunity reflects on the dynamics and composition of the human gut microbiome. Based on the coordinated study of 80 000 CRISPR-Cas loci and their targets, we show that CRISPR-Cas immunity effectively modulates bacteriophage abundances in the gut. Acquisition of CRISPR-Cas immunity typically leads to a decrease in the abundance of lytic phages but does not necessarily cause their complete disappearance. Much smaller effects are observed for lysogenic phages and plasmids. Conversely, phage-CRISPR interactions shape bacterial microdiversity by producing weak selective sweeps that benefit immune host lineages. We also show that distal (and chronologically older) regions of CRISPR arrays are enriched in spacers that are potentially functional and target crass-like phages and local prophages. This suggests that exposure to reactivated prophages and other endemic viruses is a major selective pressure in the gut microbiome that drives the maintenance of long-lasting immune memory.
Molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity in a marine ciliate
Authors: Pan Jiao , Wang Yaohai , Li Chao , Zhang Simo , Ye Zhiqiang , Ni Jiahao , Li Haichao , Li Yichen , Yue Hongwei , Ruan Chenchen , Zhao Dange , Jiang Yujian , Wu Xiaolin , Shen Xiaopeng , Zufall Rebecca A , Zhang Yu , Li Weiyi , Lynch Michael , Long Hongan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, which involves phenotypic transformation in the absence of genetic change, may serve as a strategy for organisms to survive in complex and highly fluctuating environments. However, its reaction norm, molecular basis, and evolution remain unclear in most organisms, especially microbial eukaryotes. In this study, we explored these questions by investigating the reaction norm, regulation, and evolution of phenotypic plasticity in the cosmopolitan marine free-living ciliates Glauconema spp., which undergo significant phenotypic changes in response to food shortages. This study led to the de novo assembly of macronuclear genomes using long-read sequencing, identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes associated with phenotypic plasticity in different life stages, validated the function of two of these genes, and revealed that the reaction norm of body shape in response to food density follows a power-law distribution. Purifying selection may be the dominant evolutionary force acting on the genes associated with phenotypic plasticity, and the overall data support the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is a trait maintained by natural selection. This study provides novel insight into the developmental genetics of phenotypic plasticity in non-model unicellular eukaryotes and sheds light on the complexity and long evolutionary history of this important survival strategy.
Assessment of crAssphage as a biological variable for SARS-CoV-2 data normalization in wastewater surveillance
Authors: Ribeiro André Vinicius Costa , Mannarino Camille Ferreira , Novo Shênia Patrícia Corrêa , Prado Tatiana , Lermontov André , de Paula Bruna Barbosa , Fumian Tulio Machado , Miagostovich Marize Pereira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to assess the use of cross-assembled phage (crAssphage) as an endogenous control employing a multivariate normalization analysis and its application as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) data normalizer.

Methods and Results
A total of 188 twelve-hour composite raw sewage samples were obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) during a 1-year monitoring period. Employing the N1 and N2 target regions, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 94% (177) and 90% (170) of the samples, respectively, with a global median of 5 log10 genomic copies per liter (GC l−1). CrAssphage was detected in 100% of the samples, ranging from 8.29 to 10.43 log10 GC l−1, with a median of 9.46 ± 0.40 log10 GC l−1, presenting both spatial and temporal variabilities.

Conclusions
Although SARS-CoV-2 data normalization employing crAssphage revealed a correlation with clinical cases occurring during the study period, crAssphage normalization by the flow per capita per day of each WWTP increased this correlation, corroborating the importance of normalizing wastewater surveillance data in disease trend monitoring.