bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clival chordoma with an atypical presentation: a case report
Authors: Alshammari Jaber , Monnier Philippe , Daniel Roy T , Sandu Kishore 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Clival chordomas present with headache, commonly VI cranial nerve palsy or sometimes with lower cranial nerve involvement. Very rarely, they present with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea due to an underlying chordoma-induced skull base erosion.

Case presentation
A 60-year old Caucasian woman presented with meningitis secondary to cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. At first, radiological imaging did not reveal a tumoral condition, though intraoperative exploration and tissue histology revealed a chordoma which eroded her clivus and had a transdural extension.

Conclusion
Patients who present with meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea could have an underlying erosive lesion which can sometimes be missed on initial radiological examination. Surgical exploration allows collecting suspicious tissue for histological diagnosis which is important for the actual treatment. A revision endoscopic excision of a clival chordoma is challenging and has been highlighted in this report.
Technical Advance: Fluorescent reporter reveals insights into eomesodermin biology in cytotoxic lymphocytes
Authors: Paley Michael A , Gordon Scott M , Bikoff Elizabeth K , Robertson Elizabeth J , Wherry E John , Reiner Steven L 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Fluorescent reporter allele provides insights on the role for eomesodermin in NK development, CD8+ T cell effector function, and central memory formation.
The T-box transcription factor Eomes is expressed in cytotoxic immune cells and plays an important role in development, maintenance, and function of these cell types. Identification and separation of cells with differential Eomes expression would allow for better understanding of the transcriptional program governing these cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we report the use of an Eomesgfp-targeted mouse allele that displays robust fidelity to Eomes protein expression in NK and T cells. Use of this reporter mouse revealed that Eomes expression in antiviral effector cells did not correlate with enhanced cytotoxicity but rather was associated with more efficient central memory differentiation. Weakening of reporter activity in Eomes-deficient CD8+ T cells revealed a critical role for Eomes protein in maintaining central memory cells that have activated the Eomes locus. Characterization of reporter activity in NK lineage cells also permitted identification of a novel intermediate of NK cell maturation. Thus, the murine Eomesgfp-targeted allele provides a novel opportunity to explore Eomes biology in cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Exenatide as a Novel Weight Loss Modality in Patients Without Diabetes
Authors: Moreno Jessica L , Willett Kristine C , Desilets Alicia R 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To evaluate the potential role of exenatide for weight loss in overweight or obese adults without diabetes. Data Sources: PubMed (1946-August 2012) and EMBASE (1974-August 2012) were used to conduct a literature search utilizing the terms exenatide, weight loss, obesity, and overweight. Additional references were identified by bibliographic review of relevant articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies assessing the use of exenatide in adult subjects without type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome and reporting effects on body weight were included. Data Synthesis: Five studies were identified that reported use of exenatide in nondiabetic adults and included weight change as an outcomes measure. In all 5 of these studies, subjects taking exenatide experienced statistically significant weight loss, which ranged from 2.0 ± 2.8 to 5.1 ± 0.5 kg. Two of the trials were randomized, placebo-control led studies; 1 trial was a randomized, open-label investigation; 1 study had a prospective, open-label cohort design; and the remaining study was a chart review. Adverse events experienced with exenatide were primarily gastrointestinal in nature, although each trial reported the drug to be well tolerated. Conclusions: Obesity continues to be a national epidemic, while choices for effective pharmacologic treatments are extremely limited. Exenatide appears to have promising effects on weight in overweight or obese adults without type 2 diabetes, Further investigations with large, placebo-controlled trials assessing long-term weight loss as a primary outcome are warranted.
Two Remarkable Features of Coptic Syntax
Authors: Boud’hors Anne , Shisha-Halevy Ariel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study, more suggestive than conclusive, presents, illustrates and briefly discusses cases of “unorthodox” syntax in some dialects of Coptic, including Shenoutean Sahidic:
(Ia) The Stative form as adjunct and/or adnexal expansion, where we rather expect the circumstantial Present with Stative rheme. This recalls the “synthetic” Stative of Old and Middle Egyptian.
(Ib) The Stative in what seems deverbal adjective roles.
(II) The element тє, well-established as a non-referential copular constituent in certain Nominal Sentence patterns; also te in situational-anaphoric or thetic roles. Some of these constructions were first observed by W. E. Crum in his early editions, especially of Theban and Fayyumic sources.
Structural integrity of hydrided nuclear fuel cladding
Authors: Ruiz-Hervías Jesús , Javier Gomez F. , Martín-Rengel Miguel A. , Torres Elena 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe structural integrity of nuclear fuel cladding is affected by the precipitation of hydrides during operation, which may embrittle the cladding. The aim of this work is to obtain the mechanical and fracture properties of the cladding as a function of the hydrogen content and testing temperature. To this end, the embrittlement caused by circumferential hydrides was simulated on unirradiated fuel cladding samples in the laboratory. The structural integrity of the cladding was assessed at different temperatures (20, 135 and 300ºC), by using the ring compression test. The mechanical properties and the fracture energy were calculated from the experimental load vs. displacement curves, by means of a finite element model which incorporates the cohesive crack model.
Advanced Ceramics and Glass-Ceramics for Immobilisation of ILW and HLW
Authors: Vance E. R. , Stewart M. W. A. , Moricca S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSince the 1970s there has been a steady increase in research on candidate ceramic and glass-ceramics for immobilisation of HLW and ILW, both from the aspects of crystal-chemical design and processing technology. The variety of ceramics and glass-ceramics designed for different types of HLW and ILW will be presented, notably those which are problematic for vitrification. Several of these materials are optimally processed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), a technology which can consolidate calcined intermediate-level and high-level nuclear waste. Thus we are targeting such wastes for development of alternative waste forms. The essential process steps during the HIP cycle will be outlined. Effective consolidation of a wide variety of tailored glass-ceramic and ceramic waste forms has been demonstrated. The principal advantages of the HIP technology include negligible offgas during the high temperature consolidation step, relatively small footprint, and high waste/volume loadings. While it can be argued that the “nuclear waste problem” is essentially solved technically, at least with current regulatory guidelines, different perceptions of the “best” waste form and processing method for a given waste, together with the general current lack of agreed locations for final repositories, or even interim storage sites, create uncertainties.
Sintering Kinetics of an Yttrium Aluminosilicate Glass
Authors: Prado Miguel O. , Lago Diana , Rodriguez Diego S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTYttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) glasses have been proposed as host matrices for the immobilization of radioactive elements. In addition, yttrium has been used to simulate actinides [1]. It is well known that these glasses are resistant to water corrosion and exhibit high Tg and good mechanical properties [2]. As shown in [3], on heating, yttrium disilicate and mullite / sillimanite crystals grow from the pre-existing nucleation sites on the surface, until each glass particle volume is fully crystallized (volume-homogeneous nucleation was not observed), decreasing the glassy surface available for sintering by viscous flow. Sintering takes place simultaneously, by viscous flow but competes with surface crystallization; thus, if thermal treatment is not carefully designed a vitroceramic is obtained. In this paper we study the isothermal sintering kinetics of a YAS glass-powder-size distribution and non-isothermal sintering kinetics at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 K/min of two YAS glass-powder-size distributions. From the experimental evidence obtained, and crystallization data from [3], we design a sintering procedure in order to achieve a high-density glass monolith with submicrometric crystalline phases.
What really happens to the “vanishing overpack”?
Authors: McKinley I. G. , Neall F. B. , Scourse E. M. , Kawamura H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTConcepts for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF) in several countries include a massive steel overpack within a bentonite buffer. In past conservative safety assessments to demonstrate feasibility of geological disposal, overpacks are assumed to provide complete containment for a given lifetime, after which all fail simultaneously. After failure, they are ignored as physical barriers to radionuclide transport. In order to compare different repository designs for specific sites, however, a more realistic treatment of overpack failure and its subsequent behaviour is needed. In addition to arguing for much longer lifetimes before mechanical failure and a distribution of overpack failure times, such assessment indicates that the presence of the failed overpack greatly constrains radionuclide release from the waste matrix and subsequent migration through the engineered barrier system. It also emphasises the key role of the bentonite buffer and the need to be able to assure its performance over relevant timescales.
Surface Electrochemistry of Uranium Dioxide in Acidic Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions
Authors: Razdan Mayuri , Hall David , Shoesmith David W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical reduction of H2O2 on SIMFUEL was investigated over the pH range 1 to 4. The mechanism at pH 4 is known to occur on UV species incorporated into a surface layer of UIV1-2xUV2xO2+x. However, below pH 3, reduction occurs on an adsorbed UVO2(OH) state which is unstable and oxidizes to insulating UVI before dissolving as UO22+. Both schemes are observed at intermediate pH’s. The presence of both low and high acidic regions at the electrode surface is determined by the combination of peroxide concentration, bulk pH and the surface diffusion conditions.
Deposition of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate Gel on Rough Surface of Granite from Calcium-rich Highly Alkaline Plume
Authors: Niibori Yuichi , Komatsu Kyo , Mimura Hitoshi 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTCement-based materials used in the construction of the repository for high/low level radioactive wastes may produce a highly alkaline calcium-rich groundwater (plume). The Ca ions react with soluble silicic acid, depositing calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) gel on the surfaces of the groundwater flow-paths and decreasing the permeability of the bedrock. Such a decrement of permeability may play a role in retarding the migration of radionuclides. In this study, the deposition behavior in a fracture was experimentally examined by using a micro flow-cell consisting of silicon plate (including a slit (60 mm×5 mm, or 60 mm×2 mm)) and granite-chip. The initial equivalent-aperture based on the square law was estimated in the range of 26 μm to 45 μm from the flow test of pure water.In the experiments, a Ca(OH)2 solution of 6.36 mM (pH: 12.2 to12.5, including NaOH) was continuously injected into the flow system at a constant flow rate of 1 or 2 ml/h. The solution flowed on the surface of the granite-chip. In this study, we prepared two kinds of chips that differed in the treatment of the surface. One chip was roughly ground with #2000 sandpaper (hereinafter referred to as rough surface) and another was polished to mirror-like surface. As a result, on the rough surface the deposits of CSH gel appeared along flow-channels across mineral grain-boundaries, while the deposits on the mirror-like surface were relatively uniform. Furthermore, the permeability in the case of rough surface became smaller than that in the case of mirror-like surface, showing the repeats of rapid decrement and increment due to the relatively large roughness of the surface. In order to estimate the decrement degrees of permeability, a simple, one-dimensional mathematical model is proposed in this study.
Effect of the Composition of Nickel Alloys on the Anodic Behavior in Aqueous Solutions of Chloride and Bicarbonate
Authors: Zadorozne Natalia S. , Carranza Ricardo M. , Giordano Mabel C. , Ares Alicia E. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Alloy 22 in concentrated ground waters was associated to the presence of bicarbonate and chloride ions in the water. SCC occurred when an anodic peak appeared in the polarization curve of Alloy 22. The aim of this work was to investigate further which element in Alloy 22 was responsible for the anodic peak and therefore SCC. Four alloys (22, 800H, 600 and 201) were mainly used for this study. It has been found that Alloy 22, 600 and 800H show anodic peaks; which are affected by chloride and temperature. It is likely that the anodic peak is associated to the presence of either chromium, molybdenum or both.
Technological options for disposal of waste containing TENORM of oil industry in Brazil
Authors: Alves Mara R. F. V. , Souza Susana O. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSome human activities can focus radioactive natural materials on their waste and products through technological processes by increasing the local background radioactivity at values that may compromise the health and safety of persons and the environment. The oil industry waste containing technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) are high volume and low levels activity cannot be classified and arranged according to the Brazilian standard for classification of waste generating a stalemate in its management in Brazil. This work has identified technological alternatives for the disposal of waste containing TENORM available in the world and examined its use in the oil industry in Brazil, considering the Brazilian legislation.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Plutonium (IV) Solvation
Authors: Kirker Ian , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTGas phase-optimized structures are used to assemble anab initiomolecular dynamics simulation of plutonium (IV) solvated in water. Hydrolysis is observed, and results are compared to experimental EXAFS data.While simulation time is insufficient to be conclusive, evidence suggests that the 7-coordinate singly-hydrolysed complex, [Pu (OH) (OH2)6]3+, is most stable in our simulated environment. Energetic differences between the gas-phase optimised structure and the prevalent dynamic simulation structure are shown to be relatively small.
A computational comparison of the speciation of uranyl D-gluconate and uranyl α-isosaccharinate complexes in aqueous solutions.
Authors: Hassomal Birjkumar Krishna , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe geometries, relative energies and spectroscopic properties of α-isosaccharinate and D-gluconate complexes of uranyl(VI) are studied computationally using density functional theory. The effect of pH is accommodated by varying the number of water and hydroxide ligands accompanying gluconate in the equatorial plane of the uranyl unit. Their relative energies are found to be pH dependent, although the energetic differences between them are not sufficient to exclude the possibility of multiple speciation. The calculated uranyl stretching frequency decreases as pH increases, in agreement with previous experimental data. Three different coordination modes are studied.
Development of pyrolytic monolithic carbon composites for the conditioning of spent ion exchange resins
Authors: Ramos Pamela B. , Fuentes Néstor O. , Luca Vittorio 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe pyrolysis of ion exchange resin beads that are used for the purification of water in reactor primary- and secondary-cooling circuits can result in stable and leach resistant carbonaceous products. However, free flowing beads are less desirable waste forms for disposal in sub-surface or surface repositories than monolithic masses of low porosity. We have investigated the pyrolysis of polymeric resin – cation exchange resin composites to give mechanically robust and chemically durable monolithic carbonaceous waste forms that are suitable for repository disposition. Also investigated was the dependence of product properties on various processing parameters (temperature ramp and final temperature). As a first approach, epoxy resins were used for the preparation of monoliths since such resins cure at room temperature and result in a relatively high carbon yield. Carbonaceous monolithic products were prepared at 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C using a temperature ramp of 2°C/min. The products were maintained at the chosen temperatures for a period of one hour. Mass losses, volume reduction, hardness and compressive strength were measured and mathematical functions are proposed to describe the measured values of these properties. The carbon monoliths were observed to be mechanically robust.
“Polymer Solar Modules: Laser Structuring and Quality Control by Lock-In Thermography”
Authors: Bärenklau Maik , Muhsin Burhan , Moreno Javier Gonzalez , Rösch Roland , Horn Alexander , Gobsch Gerhard , Stute Uwe , Hoppe Harald 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:Polymer solar modules, based on glass or flexible PET-substrates, structured either by laser ablation, mechanical scribing, or by a combination of the two, were prepared and analyzed. The photo-active layer of the solar modules is based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or Poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl]:phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions. Since such polymer-fullerene solar cells and modules are designed in a multilayer architecture, local defects such as shunts or blocking junctions in the device can cause critical losses to the solar module performance. Of special importance for solar module preparation is the structuring process, as it allows the serial interconnection of the cells. The high precision required for removing neither too few nor too much of the thin layers to be structured presents challenges in the processing of polymer solar modules. Herein we demonstrate that laser structuring is a suitable technology to face these challenges. We report about completely or partially laser structured polymer photovoltaic modules. By using highly sensitive dark lock-in thermography we analyze the influence of defects and failures on the performance and operation of solar module devices. Finally, promising results for fully laser structured solar modules on glass and partly laser structured solar modules on PET are presented.
Extended Exciton Diffusion in Rubrene Single-Crystalline Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Miyadera Tetsuhiko , Ohashi Noboru , Taima Tetsuya , Yamanari Toshihiro , Yoshida Yuji 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSingle-crystalline organic solar cells were investigated. Rubrene single crystals made by train sublimation method were used for the active layer of the solar cells. Typical solar cell characteristics and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were observed with the film thickness of several micrometers. In spite of their large film thickness, the EQE spectra showed no screening effect, which means that absorbed photons efficiently converted to electric charges. This can be attributed to the extended exciton diffusion due to uniform and trap free characteristic of rubrene single crystal.
Near Infrared Tunable Gold Nanoparticles for Low Power Laser Ablation of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guandong , Jasinski Jacek , Patel Dhruvinkumar , James Kurtis , Sun Xinghua , Gobin Andre M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTGold nanoparticles (GNPs) with precisely controlled near infrared (NIR) absorption were synthesized by one-step reaction of chloroauric acid and sodium thiosulfate. The NIR absorption wavelengths and average particle size increase with increasing molar ratio of HAuCl4/Na2S2O3. The as-synthesized GNPs consist of different shape and size, including small spherical gold colloids and larger non-spherical gold crystals. The GNPs with good chemical and optical stability only form in a suitable range of the HAuCl4/Na2S2O3 molar ratio. High molar ratio of HAuCl4/Na2S2O3 reduces GNPs stability due to Ostwald ripening. Chitosan coating improves particle stability and allows these GNPs effective ablation for esophageal adenocarcinoma under low power NIR laser radiation.
Rapid Diagnosis of E. Coli using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Direct Binding Assay
Authors: Park Woo Jae , Chung Sung-Jae , Kim Man S. , Stefansson Steingrimur , Ahn Saeyoung 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEnzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA), and other methods based on the same principle, are sensitive and specific, but they suffer from several disadvantages, such as their inherent complexity and requirement for multiple reagents, incubation and washing steps and require a relatively large sample size. We have adapted a new carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNT-FET) based platform to capture Escherichia coli antigens using only the capture anti-body showing good correlation with an established ELISA assay contrived positive and negative specimens were used to test the new CNT-FET platform and results were obtained within three minutes per each sample. The test is easy to perform, rapid, and cost efficient making it a valuable screening tool for E. coli. In this study, we looked at the applicability of using CNT field effect transistor based biosensor as a rapid diagnostic platform for Escherichia coli O157:H7. The CNT-FETs platform detected positive E. coli samples in three minutes using only 2.5 μL of sample volume. This low sample volume required by the CNT-FET platform can be especially advantageous for diagnostic tests constricted by limited amount of samples.