bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Surface and Summit: the Process of Mound Construction at Feltus
Authors: Kassabaum Megan C. , Henry Edward R. , Steponaitis Vincas P. , O'hear John W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTGeophysical methods that explore depths more than 1 m below the surface were employed at Feltus (22Je500), a Coles Creek period (ad 700–1200) mound‐and‐plaza group in southwestern Mississippi, USA. It is difficult to assess the internal structure of large platform mounds such as those at Feltus using excavation and traditional geophysical techniques alone. As a result, such investigations often focus only on activities that took place during and after the final stage(s) of construction. Our 2012 research at Feltus utilized electrical resistivity tomography and downhole magnetic susceptibility to examine the internal structure of two platform mounds at depths beyond those commonly targeted by shallow techniques. These methods revealed mound stages, prepared floors, midden and pit features, and construction attributes within the fill episodes. By refocusing our attention on the process of mound building rather than the final use of the mound summits, this research broadened our view of the role of monuments in creating and strengthening community ties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD44 and Hyaluronan Promote the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Signaling Response in Murine Chondrocytes
Authors: Luo Na , Knudson Warren , Askew Emily B. , Veluci Roberta , Knudson Cheryl B. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveCell–matrix interactions promote cartilage homeostasis. We previously found that Smad1, the transcriptional modulator of the canonical bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) pathway, interacted with the cytoplasmic domain of CD44, the principal hyaluronan receptor on chondrocytes. To elucidate the physiologic function of CD44–Smad1 interactions, as well as the role of hyaluronan, we studied the response of chondrocytes isolated from CD44–/– and BALB/c (wild‐type [WT]) mice to stimulation with BMP‐7.MethodsIn primary murine chondrocytes, CD44 expression was decreased by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection or was enhanced by plasmid transfection. Pericellular hyaluronan was removed by hyaluronidase treatment, or its endogenous synthesis was inhibited. Changes in response to BMP‐7 stimulation were evaluated by Western blotting of Smad1 phosphorylation and aggrecan messenger RNA (mRNA) expression.ResultsChondrocytes from CD44–/– mice and WT mice transfected with CD44 siRNA were less responsive than untransfected chondrocytes from WT mice to BMP‐7. CD44–/– mouse chondrocytes transfected with pCD44 showed increased sensitivity to BMP‐7. Significant increases in aggrecan mRNA were observed in WT mouse chondrocytes in response to 10 ng/ml of BMP‐7, whereas at least 100 ng/ml of BMP‐7 was required for CD44–/– mouse chondrocytes. However, in chondrocytes from CD44–/– and WT mice, hyaluronidase treatment decreased cellular responses to BMP‐7. Treatment of both bovine and murine chondrocytes with 4‐methylumbelliferone to reduce the synthesis of endogenous hyaluronan confirmed that hyaluronan promoted BMP‐7 signaling.ConclusionTaken together, these investigations into the mechanisms underlying BMP‐7 signaling in chondrocytes revealed that while hyaluronan‐dependent pericellular matrix is critical for BMP‐7 signaling, the expression of CD44 promotes the cellular response to lower concentrations of BMP‐7.
Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Contributes to Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Induced Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Shelef Miriam A. , Sokolove Jeremy , Lahey Lauren J. , Wagner Catriona A. , Sackmann Eric K. , Warner Thomas F. , Wang Yanming , Beebe David J. , Robinson William H. , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivePeptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a citrullinating enzyme that has multiple associations with inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, PAD4 and protein citrullination are increased in inflamed joints, and anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) form against citrullinated antigens are formed. ACPA immune complexes can deposit in the joint and induce the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a critical inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Further, in other settings, TNFα has been shown to induce PAD4 activity and modulate antibody formation. We undertook this study to investigate whether TNFα and PAD4 may synergistically exacerbate autoantibody production and inflammatory arthritis.MethodsTo determine whether TNFα and PAD4 augment autoantibody production and inflammatory arthritis, we first used a multiplex assay to determine whether mice with chronic inflammatory arthritis due to overexpression of TNFα develop autoantibodies against native and citrullinated antigens. With TNF+ PAD4+/+ and TNF+PAD4−/− mice, we then compared serum autoantibody levels by multiplex array, lymphocyte activation by flow cytometry, total serum IgG levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, arthritis by clinical and histologic scoring, and systemic inflammation using microfluidic devices.ResultsTNFα‐overexpressing mice had increased levels of autoantibodies reactive against native and citrullinated antigens. PAD4−/− mice with TNFα‐induced arthritis had lower levels of autoantibodies reactive against native and citrullinated antigens, decreased T cell activation and total IgG levels, and reduced inflammation and arthritis compared to PAD4+/+ TNFα‐overexpressing mice.ConclusionPAD4 mediates autoantibody production and inflammatory arthritis downstream of TNFα.
Impact of tropical instability waves‐induced SST forcing on the atmosphere in the tropical Pacific, evaluated using CAM5.1
Authors: Zhang Rong‐Hua , Li Zhongxian , Zhu Jieshun , Kang Xianbiao , Min Jinzhong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new version of the Community Atmospheric Model, CAM5.1, is used to quantify the impacts of tropical instability waves (TIWs)‐induced sea surface temperature (SSTTIW) forcing on the atmosphere over the central‐eastern tropical Pacific. Two CAM5.1‐based simulations are performed, a control run in which monthly mean climatological SST (SSTclim) field is prescribed as a surface boundary condition, and a perturbation run in which daily varying SSTTIW field explicitly extracted from satellite data is superimposed onto the SSTclim field to force the CAM5.1. It is illustrated that the additionally imposed SSTTIW forcing acts to have a significant effect on TIW‐scale variability and mean atmospheric circulation structure over the central‐eastern tropical Pacific.
Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators
Authors: Pouvreau Sandrine 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRedox processes are increasingly being recognized as key elements in the regulation of cellular signaling cascades. They are frequently encountered at the frontier between physiological functions and pathological events. The biological relevance of intracellular redox changes depends on the subcellular origin, the spatio‐temporal distribution and the redox couple involved. Thus, a key task in the elucidation of the role of redox reactions is the specific and quantitative measurement of redox conditions with high spatio‐temporal resolution. Unfortunately, until recently, our ability to perform such measurements was limited by the lack of adequate technology. Over the last 10 years, promising imaging tools have been developed from fluorescent proteins. Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators (GERRIs) have the potential to allow real‐time and pseudo‐quantitative monitoring of specific ROS and thiol redox state in subcellular compartments or live organisms. Redox‐sensitive yellow fluorescent proteins (rxYFP family), redox‐sensitive green fluorescent proteins (roGFP family), HyPer (a probe designed to measure H2O2), circularly permuted YFP and others have been used in several models and sufficient information has been collected to highlight their main characteristics. This review is intended to be a tour guide of the main types of GERRIs, their origins, properties, advantages and pitfalls.
Biofilm growth: A multi‐scale and coupled fluid‐structure interaction and mass transport approach
Authors: Coroneo Mirella , Yoshihara Lena , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a novel approach for modelling biofilm growth. It is based on a finite element method and includes both fluid–structure interaction (FSI) as well as scalar transport effects. Due to the different time‐scales of the involved phenomena, the growth of the biofilm structure is coupled with the FSI and mass transport through a multi‐scale approach in time. In each hydrodynamic time step, first the non‐linear FSI problem is solved followed by the scalar transport equations, using the information on velocities and deformations obtained in the FSI step. After a steady state solution is reached, information on mass fluxes and stresses are passed to the growth model. At this point, the growth is calculated for a biological time step larger than the hydrodynamic one and based on the mass flux through the interface and on normal and shear stresses on it. This type of approach can significantly contribute to the understanding of biofilm development in fluid flows, since the influence of hydrodynamic conditions and availability of nutrients is well known to have effects on biofilm development. Therefore, for the purpose of understanding biofilm macro‐scale dynamics, it is essential to adopt a modeling approach, which takes into account all the relevant aspects, like fluid flow, structure deformation, mass transport and their effect on biofilm growth and erosion. First numerical examples demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model to catch the main features of a growing biofilm structure. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1385–1395. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blue dye is sufficient for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer
Authors: Ang C H , Tan M Y , Teo C , Seah D W , Chen J C , Chan M Y P , Tan E Y 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Most previous studies have reported superior results when blue dye and radiocolloids were used together for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in early breast cancer. Blue dye was reported to perform poorly when used alone, although more recent studies have found otherwise. This study reviewed the authors' practice of performing SLN biopsy with blue dye alone.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent SLN biopsy using blue dye alone from 2001 to 2005, when SLN biopsy was performed selectively and always followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and from 2006 to 2010, when SLN biopsy was offered to all suitable patients and ALND done only when the SLN was not identified or positive for metastasis.

Results
Between 2001 and 2005, 170 patients underwent SLN biopsy with blue dye alone. The overall SLN non-identification rate was 8·4 per cent. The overall false-negative rate was 34 per cent, but decreased with each subsequent year to 13 per cent in 2005. From 2006 to 2010, 610 patients underwent SLN biopsy with blue dye alone. The SLN was not identified in 12 patients (2·0 per cent) and no significant contributing factor was identified. A median of 2 (range 1–11) SLNs were identified. A non-SLN was found to be positive for metastasis in two patients with negative SLNs. Axillary nodal recurrence developed in one patient; none developed internal mammary nodal recurrence. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient.

Conclusion
Blue dye performed well as a single modality for SLN biopsy. Non-identification, axillary nodal recurrence and serious allergic reactions were uncommon.
Risk of desmoid tumours after open and laparoscopic colectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Vitellaro M , Sala P , Signoroni S , Radice P , Fortuzzi S , Civelli E M , Ballardini G , Kleiman D A , Morrissey K P , Bertario L 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundDesmoid tumour (DT) is a main cause of death after prophylactic colectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic laparoscopic colectomy on the risk of developing DT in patients with FAP.MethodsThe database of a single institution was reviewed. Patients with classical FAP with defined genotype who underwent either open or laparoscopic colectomy between 1947 and 2011 were included in the study. The impact of various demographic and clinical features on the risk of developing DT was assessed.ResultsA total of 672 patients underwent prophylactic colectomy: 602 by an open and 70 by a laparoscopic approach. With a median (range) follow-up of 132 (0–516) months in the open group and 60 (12–108) months in the laparoscopic group, 98 patients (16·3 per cent) developed DT after an open procedure compared with three (4 per cent) following laparoscopic surgery. The estimated cumulative risk of developing DT at 5 years after surgery was 13·0 per cent in the open group and 4 per cent in the laparoscopic group (P = 0·042). In multivariable analysis, female sex (hazard ratio (HR) 2·18, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·40 to 3·39), adenomatous polyposis coli mutation distal to codon 1400 (HR 3·85, 1·90 to 7·80), proctocolectomy (HR 1·67, 1·06 to 2·61), open colectomy (HR 6·84, 1·96 to 23·98) and year of surgery (HR 1·04, 1·01 to 1·07) were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of DT after prophylactic surgery.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery decreased the risk of DT after prophylactic colectomy in patients with FAP.
Meta-analysis of postoperative morbidity and perioperative mortality in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional cancers
Authors: Kumagai K , Rouvelas I , Tsai J A , Mariosa D , Klevebro F , Lindblad M , Ye W , Lundell L , Nilsson M 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The long-term survival benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for oesophageal carcinoma are well established. Both are burdened, however, by toxicity that could contribute to perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods
MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched to capture the incidence of any postoperative complications, cardiac complications, respiratory complications, anastomotic leakage, postoperative 30-day mortality, total postoperative mortality and treatment-related mortality in randomized clinical trials comparing NAC or NACR with surgery alone, or NACversus NACR. Meta-analyses comparing NAC and NACR were conducted by using adjusted indirect comparison.

Results
Twenty-three relevant studies were identified. Comparing NAC or NACR with surgery alone, there was no increase in morbidity or mortality attributable to neoadjuvant therapy. Subgroup analysis of NACR for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) suggested an increased risk of total postoperative mortality and treatment-related mortality compared with surgery alone: risk ratio 1·95 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·06 to 3·60; P = 0·032) and 1·97 (1·07 to 3·64; P = 0·030) respectively. A combination of direct comparison and adjusted indirect comparison showed no difference between NACR and NAC regarding morbidity or mortality.

Conclusion
Neither NAC nor NACR for oesophageal carcinoma increases the risk of postoperative morbidity or perioperative mortality compared with surgery alone. There was no clear difference between NAC and NACR. Care should be taken with NACR in oesophageal SCC, where an increased risk of postoperative mortality and treatment-related mortality was apparent.
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass: Major Organic Components of the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Becker Roland , Dorgerloh Ute , Paulke Ellen , Mumme Jan , Nehls Irene 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProcess waters obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wheat straw, a biogas digestate derived thereof, and four woody biomass feedstocks were quantified regarding the total organic carbon (TOC) and selected organic compounds. HTC runs revealed that TOC loads were largely unaffected by process severity or type of feedstock whereas the C2–C6 fatty acids, determined by GC, displayed clear effects of temperature and feedstock. HPLC demonstrated simultaneously the initial increase and subsequent consumption of cellulose‐derived furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural as well as the increase of the lignin‐derived 2‐methoxyphenol. 2‐Methylbenzofuran, an example for a substance potentially harmful to aquatic biota, was observed in high concentration in the HTC liquor from wheat straw‐based feedstocks.
Chiral Separation and Enantioselective Degradation of Vinclozolin in Soils
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Donghui , Shen Zhigang , Sun Mingjing , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTVinclozolin is a chiral fungicide with potential environmental problems. The chiral separation of the enantiomers and enantioselective degradation in soil were investigated in this work. The enantiomers were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Chiralpak IA, IB, and AZ‐H chiral columns under normal phase and the influence of the mobile phase composition on the separation was also studied. Complete resolutions were obtained on all three chiral columns under optimized conditions with the same elution order of (+)/(−). The residual analysis of the enantiomers in soil was conducted using accelerate solvent extraction followed by HPLC determination. The recoveries of the enantiomers ranged from 85.7–105.7% with relative standard deviation (SD) of 0.12–3.83%, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.013 µg/g. The results showed that the degradations of vinclozolin enantiomers in the soils followed first‐order kinetics. Preferential degradation of the (−)‐enantiomer was observed only in one soil with the largest |ES| value of 0.047, and no obvious enantioselective degradation was observed in other soils. It was found that the persistence of vinclozolin in soil was related to pH values based on the half‐lives. The two enantiomers disappeared about 8 times faster in basic soils than that in neutral or acidic soils. Chirality 26:155–159, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cassava Starch Based Superabsorbent Polymer as Soil Conditioner: Impact on Soil Physico‐Chemical and Biological Properties and Plant Growth
Authors: Parvathy Prabha C. , Jyothi Alummoottil N. , John K. Susan , Sreekumar Janardhanan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSuperabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are macromolecules with the ability to absorb water and release it slowly to the surroundings. SAP hydrogels can be used as soil moisture conditioners which act as water reservoirs and release water depending upon the need of plant roots. In the present study, a cassava starch based superabsorbent hydrogel was evaluated as a soil conditioner and its effect on physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil as well as on plant growth parameters was studied. Amendment of the soil with the starch based SAP hydrogel significantly altered the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Bulk density of the soil was decreased, whereas water holding capacity and porosity were increased on SAP treatment. There was an improvement in the soil status of major, secondary and micronutrients and organic carbon in the SAP amended soil. An increase in bacteria (16%) and fungi counts (18%) as well as superior plant growth were observed for the treatment with SAP and irrigated at an interval of 3 days, compared to those of control without SAP. Soil amendment with starch based SAP hydrogel was found to be beneficial for maintaining the physicochemical and biological soil properties as well as plant growth.
Exudates and optic disk detection in retinal images of diabetic patients
Authors: Zeljković Vesna , Bojic Milena , Zhao Shengwei , Tameze Claude , Valev Ventzeslav 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYDiabetic retinopathy is the progressive pathological alterations in the retinal microvasculature that very often causes blindness. Because of its clinical significance, it will be helpful to have regular cost‐effective eye screening for diabetic patients by developing algorithms to perform retinal image analysis, fundus image enhancement, and monitoring. The two cost‐effective algorithms are proposed for exudates detection and optic disk extraction aimed for retinal images classification and diagnosis assistance. They represent the effort made to offer a cost‐effective algorithm for optic disk identification, which will enable easier exudates extraction, exudates detection and retinal images classification aimed to assist ophthalmologists while making diagnoses. The proposed algorithms apply mathematical modeling, which enables light intensity levels emphasis, easier optic disk and exudates detection, efficient and correct classification of retinal images. The algorithm is robust to various appearance changes of retinal fundus images and shows very promising results. Fundus images are classified into those that are healthy and those affected by diabetes, based on the detected optic disk and exudates. The obtained results indicate that the proposed algorithm successfully and correctly classifies more than 98% of the observed retinal images because of the changes in the appearance of retinal fundus images typically encountered in clinical environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.