bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight transmission line defect identification method based on OFN network and distillation method
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Zhang Hangyuan , Zhu Yuxin , Hu Chenlong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEdge devices are increasingly utilized for defect detection in power line inspection, necessitating algorithms that optimize model size and accuracy. This study introduces a lightweight detection method using the Optimized Feature Network with MobileOne‐FPN‐NASHead (OFN network) OFN network and distillation technique. The OFN incorporates a lightweight backbone, neural network search, re‐parametrization, and a feature pyramid to create a compact yet effective detection network. To enhance feature learning, a heterogeneous distillation approach is applied, leveraging a modified YOLOv8 as a teacher network. This modification includes an explicit visual centre for improved global and local information extraction, crucial for dense target detection in power line inspections. Additionally, the Minimize the points distance IoU (MPDloU) loss function is used to improve localization accuracy over the the Complete‐Intersection Over Union (CIoU) loss. Experimental results show a 1.1% mean Average Precision (mAP) increase for the enhanced YOLOv8 and a 70.2% mAP for the OFN network with 18.95 GFLOPs and 343 FPS, achieving a commendable balance between model efficiency and detection performance. The research underscores the viability of the OFN for edge computing in power line defect detection, highlighting the potential of innovative algorithmic structures in this application.
Explicit–implicit symmetric diffeomorphic deformable image registration with convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Longhao , Li Li , Zhang Yunfeng , Bao Fangxun , Yao Xunxiang , Zhang Zewen , Chen Weilin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedical image registration is essential and a key step in many advanced medical image tasks. In recent years, medical image registration has been applied to many clinical diagnoses, but large deformation registration is still a challenge. Deep learning‐based methods typically have higher accuracy but do not involve spatial transformation, which ignores some desirable properties, including topology preservation and the invertibility of transformation, for medical imaging studies. On the other hand, diffeomorphic registration methods achieve a differentiable spatial transformation, which guarantees topology preservation and invertibility of transformation, but registration accuracy is low. Therefore, a diffeomorphic deformation registration with CNN is proposed, based on a symmetric architecture, simultaneously estimating forward and inverse deformation fields. CNN with Efficient Channel Attention is used to better capture the spatial relationship. Deformation fields are optimized explicitly and implicitly to enhance the invertibility of transformations. An extensive experimental evaluation is performed using two 3D datasets. The proposed method is compared with different state‐of‐the‐art methods. The experimental results show excellent registration accuracy while better guaranteeing the diffeomorphic transformation.
Optimizing the Outcome of Pediatric Metastatic Neuroblastoma in a Nontransplant Setting in a Developing Country: Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Nair Manjusha , R. Prasanth V. , Thankamony Priyakumari , Rajeswari Binitha , S. Guruprasad C. , George Preethi Sara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective This article estimates the survival of children over 1 year of age diagnosed with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) and treated in a nontransplant facility and determines the factors affecting survival.
Materials and Method Case records of children aged 1 to 14 years treated for metastatic NB in our center from January 2008 to December 2017 were studied. Patients received conventional chemotherapy followed by surgery, radiotherapy, and metronomic maintenance chemotherapy.
Results Eighty-nine patients with metastatic NB received treatment. Mean age was 3.5 years and male:female ratio was 1.1:1. The most common primary site was suprarenal (55%) and the most common site of metastasis was bone marrow (76%). Forty percent patients had multiple metastatic sites. Mean baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 3724 U/L (range 303–16609 U/L) and 65% patients had LDH > 750 U/L. Fifty-three patients (59.6%) had good response to chemotherapy as evidenced by clearance of metastatic disease, but out of them, 43 patients (81%) progressed subsequently. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery and 12 patients received maintenance therapy. Seventy-four patients (86%) developed recurrence and all but one died. Median time to recurrence and death were 9 months (range 0–120 months) and 10 months (range 1–123 months), respectively. At a median follow-up of 72 months (range 15–135 months), 16 patients are alive, with 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival of 17.6 and 18.4%, respectively. Age, baseline LDH, chemotherapy regimen, and response to treatment significantly affected survival.
Conclusion Younger age, lower baseline LDH, and good response to chemotherapy appear to confer survival advantage in pediatric metastatic NB, and may be used for optimization of treatment in the nontransplant setting in developing countries.
Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Fractures and Luxations in 26 Dogs and 2 Cats—Stabilization by String of Pearls Locking Plates
Authors: Ciou Mei-Jyun , Jerram Richard , Syrcle Jason , Levien Andrew S. , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Kraus Karl 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the use of String of Pearls (SOP) locking plates in thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and luxations in dogs and cats.
Study design Retrospective case series study.
Methods Clinical records of dogs and cats with thoracic and lumbar fractures treated in four veterinary surgical facilities were reviewed.
Results A total of 26 dogs and 2 cats were included. Median weight of dogs at surgery was 12.1 kg (range: 2.7–37.2 kg) and the median weight of cats was 6.0 kg (range: 3.0–8.9 kg). Deep pain perception was negative in 25% (7/28) of animals at presentation, and 85.7% (6/7) regained deep pain sensation at discharge. Neurological status at discharge (p < 0.05) was significantly improved compared to neurological status at presentation. Complications were observed in 28.6% (8/28) of cases. Catastrophic and major complication rates were both 3.6% (1/28).
Conclusion In the reported cohort of 28 dogs and cats, SOP locking plates successfully stabilized traumatic thoracic and lumbar fractures or luxations, and the rate of complications was similar to those reported using other fixation methods.
Pilot Testing and Vernacular Translation of EORTC Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PATSAT-C33 and OUT-PATSAT7) at a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in India
Authors: Manjali Jifmi Jose , Bano Nazia , Shaikh Farnaz , Shastri Supriya , Murthy Vedang , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Sarin Rajiv , Agarwal J.P. , Gupta Tejpal 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Pilot testing and translation of the English version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) patient satisfaction cancer core questionnaire (PATSAT-C33) and complementary outpatient module (OUT-PATSAT7) into two Indian vernacular languages (Hindi and Marathi).
Methods Patients undergoing fractionated radiotherapy for cancer with basic proficiency in respective language were included in the study after written informed consent. The English version of EORTC PATSAT-C33 and OUT-PATSAT7 questionnaire was pilot tested in 20 patients. The questionnaire was then translated into two Indian vernacular languages (Hindi and Marathi) using EORTC translation methodology. This included forward-translation by two independent professional translators into target languages (Hindi and Marathi) to create an intermediate version; back-translation into English by another independent pair of linguistic experts; and harmonization by comparing back-translated versions (English) to the original English version for reconciliation. The EORTC translation group provided suggestions and proofread the reconciliated versions (Hindi and Marathi) which were then administered to 20 patients in each language. Semistructured interviews were conducted for patients to identify problems in understanding the translation versions to make appropriate corrections/modifications to the questionnaire.
Results Pilot testing of English version of PATSAT-C33 and OUT-PATSAT7 did not pose any major difficulty leading to subsequent translation into both target languages (Hindi and Marathi). Reconciliated version of the translated questionnaires was arrived at after incorporating suggestions and proofreading by the EORTC translation group. Pilot testing of the reconciliated questionnaires (Hindi and Marathi) did not identify major problems in understanding, difficult/confusing words, or upsetting questions leading to the adoption of the reconciliated version as final translated questionnaire without further modifications.
Conclusion The English version of PATSAT-C33 and OUT-PATSAT7 has been successfully translated into Hindi and Marathi languages using standardized EORTC methodology. Psychometric properties of the same are currently being tested for validation in a larger Indian cohort.
The Third Space in Higher Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Thorpe Clare , Partridge Helen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe idea of a third space, positioned between academic and professional domains, has proven useful in examining the evolving nature of higher education work. The continuing disruptions in higher education worldwide highlight the importance of the third space and the need for further exploration. A scoping review of third space work in the higher education literature from 2000 to 2022 was conducted. More than 2870 articles retrieved from nine databases were screened based on title, abstract, and keywords, resulting in 54 papers for analysis. Data were extracted to summarise the literature, including method, participant characteristics, and theoretical framing, implications. The articles revealed that the third space is an emerging area of study which, while valuable, is yet to influence policy and practice at the institutional or national level. Thus, third space presents a fertile space for more analytical and empirical investigations that go beyond descriptive case studies.
A bibliometric analysis of cultural heritage visualisation based on Web of Science from 1998 to 2023: a literature overview
Authors: Tang Yuchen , Liu Liu , Pan Tianbo , Wu Zhangxu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCultural heritage visualisation research is a vast and constantly evolving field full of energy. It is concerned with the conservation, exhibition and education of cultural heritage. Plenty of studies have been reported, while more general bibliometric research is lacking. Thus, this study analyses, quantifies and maps the cultural heritage visualisation research from 1998 to 2023 using the Web of Science (WOS) core database. Biblioshiny was used to classify and evaluate the contributions of authors, countries, topics and journals. In addition, VOSviewer was used for the visual presentation of keywords. The results show that the hotspots of cultural heritage visualisation research are 3D modelling and digital management. Such techniques have become increasingly important and prevalent in the field of cultural heritage, with a multitude of activities. The study also makes predictions about how the future of cultural heritage visualisation will change, including a larger range of applications and cross-border collaboration across various disciplines. Therefore, this study provides a relatively new perspective through which more research directions can be found for the exploitation of cultural heritage conservation.
The Cost Award
Authors: Franck Susan , Roe Bailey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cost awards are fundamental yet often overlooked in investment treaty arbitration (ITA). Nevertheless, they are also a prism reflecting ITA’s values and shifting priorities. Risks inherent in cost awards impact whether parties can initiate arbitration and how they pursue claims and defences. While there are inevitable trade-offs, tribunal discretion in making cost awards should be effectively guided—to manage party expectations and to demonstrate rule of law values—with more precise guidelines for party advocacy and tribunal decision-making, thereby enhancing the predictability and integrity of cost awards in ITA.
Consent Awards
Authors: Bottini Gabriel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
International arbitral rules often provide for the possibility that the tribunal issue a consent award containing a settlement agreed by the parties as opposed to a third-party resolution of the dispute. If the parties do not voluntarily comply with the settlement or they disagree about its implementation, a consent award may facilitate the settlement’s enforcement as any of the parties may seek its enforcement under the applicable arbitral rules. Arbitral tribunals generally have discretion as to whether to render a consent award upon a request from the parties. However, there are limits to the permissible object of consent awards, relating to jurisdictional aspects or the award’s substance. These limits may derive in particular from mandatory provisions of international law or of the law of the seat of the arbitration. Violations of legal restrictions to the consent award’s object may lead to its annulment or oppositions to its recognition and enforcement.
Draft Awards
Authors: Weiss Friedl 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter will examine the notion, status, and role of draft awards in investor-state arbitration. As a topic, these have scarcely featured in the literature let alone in recently amended institutional and procedural rules of international dispute settlement mechanisms such as those of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. As the trade and investment orders increasingly intersect and interact, an analysis of the longstanding World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement practice of reviewing interim panel reports—draft awards in all but name—can provide insights into the function such a type of ‘work in progress’ awards can play.
On the Adjudicative Discretion of Investment Arbitrators
Authors: Tanzi Attila M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chapter focuses on the general principles that determine adjudicative powers and constraints of investment arbitrators. Such principles are shown to strike a balance between party autonomy and judicial autonomy. Party autonomy is shown to be preserved by the combination of the principles ne ultra petita and ne infra petita, whereby arbitral tribunals are not supposed to pass judgment on issues and according to legal grounds that have not been advanced by the parties through their claims and counterarguments, nor to omit any of them. At the same time, the arbitrators’ judicial autonomy is shown to be enhanced by the principle jura novit curia whereby a tribunal is not bound to confine its legal reasoning to the parties’ arguments, provided that the arbitrators’ legal arguments fall within the boundaries of the applicable law and the facts in dispute. These principles are traced back to interstate adjudication and elucidated through their application in investment case law, and especially the case law of annulment committees of the Centre for Settlement of International Disputes.
Equality of Arms
Authors: Vanhonnaeker Lukas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As one of the most fundamental adjudicative principles and a structural component of the idea of justice itself, the importance of treating the parties equally is a key tenet of investor-state arbitration. The principle of equality of arms is generally provided explicitly in arbitration rules and has consistently been recognized and applied by tribunals in investment disputes. In fact, the importance of the principle is even more pronounced in investor-state disputes because of the asymmetries that are typical of international investment law, whether in terms of the identity of the parties or the content of international investment agreements. It is thus not surprising that in several instances, investment tribunals had to turn to the principle of the parties’ equality of arms, in particular with respect to the parties’ right to be heard, a disputing party’s refusal to produce documents or the unlawful gathering of evidence by a party. In light of the importance of the principle of the parties’ equality of arms, it is important that arbitrators have the appropriate tools to ensure that the parties are treated equally, and one way to do so relates directly to the arbitrators’ inherent powers.
The Applicable Law in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Bermann George A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The merits of an investor-state dispute are governed first and foremost by the terms of the applicable treaty (or contract or statute) under which a claim arises. However, the gaps in those instruments are so great that, no matter how they are worded, recourse to international law in any of its forms is unavoidable. Further, though national law does not in principle govern the merits of any such dispute, it necessarily determines a number of issues ancillary to the merits, such as the nationality of the investor, the scope of the claimant’s property interest, and the lawfulness of the investment. Where an umbrella clause is present, matters become somewhat more complicated. Of especially topical interest is the European Union’s assertion that investment protections are subject to norms of EU law by virtue of EU law’s international law status. Because certain EU law norms—most notably the asserted ‘autonomy’ of EU law—dictate outcomes at variance with those contemplated by the treaty and international law more generally, those norms may operate as a challenge to the purposes that investment protection agreements are meant to serve.
Counterclaims
Authors: Abdel Wahab Mohamed S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Counterclaims in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) are subject to a lot of controversy, in terms of jurisdiction, admissibility, and merit-related issues. Traditionally, the ISDS system was driven by an asymmetric approach to state counterclaims and stringent requirements militated against hearing and determining such counterclaims, especially in light of the restrictive language of the first generation of bilateral investment treaties that only accounted for host state obligations vis-à-vis foreign investors. However, with the lapse of time and with the rise of new generation bilateral and multilateral investment agreements and treaties that incorporated rights and obligations for both states and investors, the debate over state counterclaims is taking a different trajectory, with jurisdiction and admissibility concerns becoming less challenging given the increasing clarity in treaty wording, interpretation protocols, and decisions rendered by arbitral tribunals.
Tribunal Dynamics and Arbitral Deliberations
Authors: Derains Yves 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A three-member tribunal is required to make a myriad of decisions all along the course of the proceedings. Although the deliberation stricto sensu takes place before an award is rendered, a deliberation is also required each time the parties disagree on any issue, from ordering the disclosure of documents to fixing the dates of a hearing. Depending on the personalities and on the independence of its members, the tribunal’s deliberations may be harmonious or ‘pathological’. Whatever the circumstances, several technics are at the presidents’ disposal to make sure that the tribunal will reach a decision in a relatively short time. This decision may be unanimous or not, but it must always be the result of thorough discussions, issue by issue, where each member feels that his or her views have been heard and understood.
The Appeal in International Investment Arbitration
Authors: Chaisse Julien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores appeals in international investment arbitration. It highlights the absence of a well-defined and universally accepted appellate mechanism in investment arbitration and the resulting concerns regarding the consistency, predictability, and legitimacy of investment dispute resolution. Drawing on evidence from discussions within the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Working Group III, positions of different countries, and existing investment agreements, this chapter presents a persuasive case for the implementation of an appellate mechanism. It critically analyses the distinctions between a pure appeals mechanism and the concept of a Multilateral Investment Court or bilateral investment courts, evaluating their respective roles, implications for adjudicator selection, and the potential to enhance coherence and legitimacy in investment arbitration. Additionally, the chapter examines specific issues, such as the scope and standards of review, enforcement considerations, and the integration of an appeal procedure into existing conventions and agreements. It highlights the fundamental implications of an appellate mechanism for the future development of international investment arbitration, emphasizing its potential to address critical issues such as legal consistency, accuracy of decisions, and diversity of arbitrators. This chapter contributes to scholarly discussion on the need for an appellate mechanism in investment arbitration and underscores the importance of careful design and implementation to ensure effectiveness, independence, and legitimacy.
Gender and Investment Awards
Authors: Nacimiento Patricia , Alvarado-Garzón Andrés E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The legitimacy crisis of investor-state dispute settlement has revealed some concerns about the diversity of arbitrators particularly with respect to gender. States have expressly supported the diversification of the pool of arbitrators and international initiatives over the last years have sought to create awareness and to promote women’s visibility in international arbitration. Yet, statistics in investment arbitration show that women appointed by the disputing parties as arbitrators remain rather the exception. This chapter starts from this premise and develops the impact of more participation of women arbitrators on an investment award. In this vein, gender diversity contributes to the perceived legitimacy of an adjudicative system. This is even more evident in investment arbitration as an adjudicative system of the state’s exercise of public authority, which ultimately reflects on the investment award. Similarly, gender diversity contributes to the quality of the investment award from a sociological perspective as it breaks with the group-thinking phenomenon. Investment awards are thus to benefit from an increased gender diversity both from a legitimacy and quality perspective.