bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sequencing of Complementary Feeding in Relation to Breast‐Feeding on Total Intake in Infants
Authors: Shah Dheeraj , Singh Meenakshi , Gupta Piyush , Faridi M.M.A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the order of complementary feeding in relation to breast‐feeding affects breast milk, semisolid, or total energy intake in infants.Methods:The present study was designed as a randomized crossover trial. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study participants were 25 healthy infants between the ages of 7 and 11 months who were exclusively breast‐fed for at least 6 months and were now receiving complementary foods for at least 1 month in addition to breast‐feeding. Infants were randomized to follow a sequence of either complementary feeding before breast‐feeding (sequence A) or complementary feeding after breast‐feeding (sequence B) for the first day (24 hours) of the study period using simple randomization. For the next day, the sequence was reversed for each child. All babies received 3 actively fed complementary food meals per day (morning, afternoon, and evening). A semisolid study diet was prepared in the hospital by cooking rice and pulse with oil using a standard method, ensuring the energy density of at least 0.6 kcal/g. The infants were allowed ad libitum breast‐feeding during the observation period. Semisolid intake was directly measured and breast milk intake was quantified by test weighing method. Energy intake from complementary foods was calculated from the product of energy density of the diet served on that day and the total amount consumed. The total energy intake and energy intake from breast milk and complementary foods between the 2 sequences were compared.Results:The mean (standard deviation) energy intake from breast milk during 12 hours of daytime by following sequence A (complementary feeding before breast‐feeding) was 132.0 (67.4) kcal in comparison with 135.9 (56.2) kcal in sequence B, which was not statistically different (P = 0.83). The mean (standard deviation) energy consumed from semisolids in sequences A and B was also comparable (88.6 [75.5] kcal vs 85.5 [89.7] kcal; P = 0.58). The total energy intake during daytime in sequence A was 220.6 (96.2) kcal in comparison with 221.5 (94.0) kcal in sequence B, which was also comparable (P = 0.97). The results related to energy intake through breast milk and total energy intake were not different when insensible losses during feeding were adjusted in both groups.Conclusions:Altering the sequence of complementary feeding in relation to breast‐feeding does not affect total energy intake.
Fructose Intolerance/Malabsorption and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: Escobar Mauricio A. , Lustig Daniel , Pflugeisen Bethann M. , Amoroso Paul J. , Sherif Dalia , Saeed Rasha , Shamdeen Shaza , Tuider Judith , Abdullah Bisher 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain had concurrent fructose intolerance as determined by a standardized dose breath hydrogen test (BHT), and whether symptoms would improve with a low‐fructose diet.Methods:The fructose BHT test was administered to patients evaluated in clinic with unexplained chronic abdominal pain alone or associated with constipation, gas or bloating, and/or diarrhea. The patients were given a standard dose of 1 g/kg fructose to maximum of 25 g. Hydrogen and methane were measured at 8 time points. The test was presumed positive if breath hydrogen exceeded 20 ppm above baseline. If positive, patients were given a dietitian‐prescribed low‐fructose diet.Results:A total of 222 patients were part of the study. Ages ranged from 2 to 19 years with a mean of 10.5. BHT for fructose was performed in all of the patients and it was positive for fructose intolerance in 121 of 222 patients (54.5%). A total of 101 of 222 (45.5%) patients had negative BHT for fructose intolerance. All BHT‐positive patients had a nutrition consult with a registered dietitian and were placed on a low‐fructose diet. Using a standard pain scale for children, 93 of 121 patients (76.9%) reported resolution of symptoms on a low‐fructose diet (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, 55 of 101 patients (54.4%) with negative BHT for fructose reported resolution of symptoms without a low‐fructose diet (P = 0.37).Conclusions:Fructose intolerance/malabsorption is common in children with recurrent/functional abdominal pain and a low‐fructose diet is an effective treatment.
Interactions between C : N : P stoichiometry and soil macrofauna control dung decomposition of savanna herbivores
Authors: Sitters Judith , Maechler Marc‐Jacques , Edwards Peter J. , Suter Werner , Olde Venterink Harry 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Although dung of mammalian herbivores is an important pathway for nutrient return in savanna ecosystems, differences in dung decomposition rates among species have been little studied.

We measured the rates of dung deposition and decomposition for various herbivores in a moist Tanzanian savanna and the related differences among species to nutrient concentrations and the activities of soil macrofauna (e.g. different mesh sizes of decomposition bags, or presence and absence of dung beetles).

Dung C : N : P stoichiometry varied widely among species, which could in part be explained by differences in feeding strategy (browsers vs. grazers) and digestive physiology (ruminants vs. non‐ruminants). Rates of both decomposition and nutrient release were influenced by the C : N : P stoichiometry of dung, with lower relative losses of the least abundant nutrient in the dung. Surprisingly, soil macrofauna increased the relative losses of the least abundant nutrient, thereby stabilizing the ratio of N loss to P loss. Dung beetles increased rates of N and P release from wildebeest dung significantly and also increased N availability in the soil.

We conclude that rates of nutrient return in dung depend not only on where herbivores deposit their dung, but also on its C : N : P stoichiometry, the activity of soil macrofauna and interactions between these factors. These factors may therefore influence the relative availabilities of N and P in the soil and hence the functioning of savanna ecosystems.
Methoprene application and diet protein supplementation to male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, modifies female remating behavior
Authors: ul Haq Ihsan , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Teal P. E. A. , Hendrichs Jorge 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMethoprene (an analogue of juvenile hormone) application and feeding on a protein diet is known to enhance male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae), mating success. In this study, we investigated the effect of these treatments on male B. cucurbitae's ability to inhibit female remating. While 14‐d‐old females were fed on protein diet, 6‐d‐old males were exposed to one of the following treatments: (i) topical application of methoprene and fed on a protein diet; (ii) no methoprene but fed on a protein diet; (iii) methoprene and sugar‐fed only; and (iv) sugar‐fed, 14‐d‐old males acted as controls. Treatments had no effect on a male's ability to depress the female remating receptivity in comparison to the control. Females mated with protein‐deprived males showed higher remating receptivity than females first mated with protein‐fed males. Methoprene and protein diet interaction had a positive effect on male mating success during the first and second mating of females. Significantly more females first mated with sugar‐fed males remated with protein‐fed males and females first mated with methoprene treated and protein‐fed males were more likely to remate with similarly treated males. Females mating latency (time to start mating) was significantly shorter with protein‐fed males, and mating duration was significantly longer with protein‐fed males compared with protein‐deprived males. These results are discussed in the context of methoprene and/or dietary protein as prerelease treatment of sterile males in area‐wide control of melon fly integrating the sterile insect technique (SIT).
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three odorant binding protein gene transcripts in Dendrolimus species (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Zhang Su‐Fang , Zhang Zhen , Kong Xiang‐Bo , Wang Hong‐Bin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPine caterpillar moths, Dendrolimus spp. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), are serious economic pest of pines. Previously, phylogenetic analyses of Dendrolimus using different methods yielded inconsistent results. The chemosensory systems of insects may play fundamental roles in promoting speciation. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) participate in the first step of odor detection. Studying the evolution of OBPs in closely related species may help us to identify their role in speciation. We identified three OBPs – one pheromone‐binding protein and two general odorant‐binding proteins – from male antennae of four Dendrolimus species, D. superans (Butler), D. punctatus (Walker), D. kikuchii Matsumura, and D. houi Lajonquiere, the olfactory recognition systems of which had not been previously investigated. We analyzed their molecular characteristics and compared their sequences to those of OBPs in D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu. Ka/Ks ratio analyses among the five Dendrolimus species indicate that PBP1 genes experienced more evolutionary pressure than the GOBPs. Phylogenetic relationships of PBP1 and GOBP1 both indicated that D. houi was the basal species, then branched D. kikuchii, while D. tabulaeformis, D. punctatus, and D. superans evolved more recently. These relationships are consistent with the changes in sex pheromone components of these five species. Dendrolimus tabulaeformis and D. punctatus are closely related sister species. However, the distances among GOBP2 sequences in the five Dendrolimus were very short, and the relationships of D. houi and D. kikuchii could not be resolved. Integrating our results with those of previous studies, we hypothesized that D. kikuchii, D. punctatus and D. superans evolved from the basal ancestor because of sex pheromone mutations and environmental pressure.
Relevance of wide‐field autofluorescence imaging in Birdshot retinochoroidopathy: descriptive analysis of 76 eyes
Authors: Piffer Anne‐Laure Le , Boissonnot Michèle , Gobert Frédéric , Zenger Anita , Wolf Sebastian , Wolf Ute , Korobelnik Jean‐François , Rougier Marie‐Bénédicte 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo study and classify retinal lesions in patients with birdshot disease using wide‐field autofluorescence imaging and correlate them according to patients' visual status.MethodsA multicentre study was carried out on 76 eyes of 39 patients with birdshot disease, analysing colour images and under autofluorescence using the wide‐field Optomap® imaging system. This was combined with a complete clinical exam and analysis of the macula with OCT.ResultsIn over 80% of the eyes, a chorioretinal lesion has been observed under autofluorescence with a direct correlation between the extent of the lesion and visual status. The presence of macular hypo‐autofluorescence was correlated with a decreased visual acuity, due to the presence of a macular oedema, active clinical inflammation or an epiretinal membrane. The hypo‐autofluorescence observed correlated with the duration of the disease and the degree of inflammation in the affected eye, indicating a secondary lesion in the pigment epithelium in relation to the choroid. The pigment epithelium was affected in a diffuse manner, as in almost 50% of the eyes the wider peripheral retina was affected.ConclusionWide‐field autofluorescence imaging could appear to be a useful examination when monitoring patients, to look for areas of macular hypo‐autofluorescence responsible for an irreversible loss of vision.
Novel anti‐tumor mechanism of galanin receptor type 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Uehara Takayuki , Kanazawa Takeharu , Mizukami Hiroaki , Uchibori Ryosuke , Tsukahara Tomonori , Urabe Masashi , Kume Akihiro , Misawa Kiyoshi , Carey Thomas E. , Suzuki Mikio , Ichimura Keiichi , Ozawa Keiya 
Published: October 2013

Galanin and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, are known tumor suppressors and potential therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we demonstrated that, in GALR1‐expressing HNSCC cells, the addition of galanin suppressed tumor proliferation via upregulation of ERK1/2 and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, whereas, in GALR2‐expressing cells, the addition of galanin not only suppressed proliferation, but also induced apoptosis. In this study, we first transduced HEp‐2 and KB cell lines using a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV)‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector and confirmed a high GFP expression rate (>90%) in both cell lines at the standard vector dose. Next, we demonstrated that GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin suppressed cell viability to 40–60% after 72 h in both cell lines. Additionally, the annexin V‐positive rate and sub‐G0/G1 phase population were significantly elevated in HEp‐2 cells (mock vs GALR2: 12.3 vs 25.0% (P < 0.01) and 9.1 vs 32.0% (P < 0.05), respectively) after 48 h. These changes were also observed in KB cells, although to a lesser extent. Furthermore, in HEp‐2 cells, GALR2‐mediated apoptosis was caspase‐independent, involving downregulation of ERK1/2, followed by induction of the pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein, Bim. These results illustrate that transient GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin induces apoptosis via diverse pathways and serves as a platform for suicide gene therapy against HNSCC.
NRD1, which encodes nardilysin protein, promotes esophageal cancer cell invasion through induction of MMP2 and MMP3 expression
Authors: Uraoka Naohiro , Oue Naohide , Sakamoto Naoya , Sentani Kazuhiro , Oo Htoo Zarni , Naito Yutaka , Noguchi Tsuyoshi , Yasui Wataru 
Published: October 2013

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In the present study, to identify novel prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for ESCC, we reviewed a list of genes with upregulated expression in ESCC compared with normal esophagus, as identified by our serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) analysis. We focused on the NRD1 gene, which encodes the nardilysin protein. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 34 ESCC tissue samples revealed that mRNA expression of NRD1 was upregulated in 56% of ESCC tissue samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of nardilysin in 109 ESCC tissue samples demonstrated that 43 (39%) ESCC cases were positive for nardilysin. Nardilysin‐positive ESCC cases were more advanced in terms of T classification (P = 0.0007), N classification (P = 0.0164), and tumor stage (P < 0.0001) than nardilysin‐negative ESCC cases. Furthermore, nardilysin expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P = 0.0258). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that nardilysin expression is an independent prognostic classifier of patients with ESCC. The invasiveness of NRD1‐knockdown TE1 and TE5 esophageal cancer cell lines was less than that of the negative control siRNA‐transfected cell lines. Expression of MMP2 and MMP3 mRNA was significantly lower in NRD1‐knockdown TE5 cells than in negative control siRNA‐transfected cells. These results suggest that nardilysin is involved in tumor progression, and is an independent prognostic classifier in patients with ESCC.
Effect of Chain Elongation on Biological Properties of the Toxin Paralysin β‐Alanyl‐tyrosine
Authors: Macurkova Anna , Neubauerova Tereza , Poncova Kristyna , Jezek Rudolf , Lovecka Petra , Spiwok Vojtech , Mackova Martina , Macek Tomas 
Published: October 2013

In hemolymph of insect species, compounds with remarkable properties for pharmaceutical industry are present. At the first line, there were found compounds of low molecular mass, less than 1 kDa. One of such compounds, β‐alanyl‐tyrosine (252 Da), was isolated from larval hemolymph of some species of holometabolous insects (e.g. Neobellieria bullata). Its paralytic activity and antimicrobial properties were described until now. In this study, we present the effect of elongation of β‐alanyl‐tyrosine by repeating of this motive on the biological and physical properties of prepared analogues. For assessment of antimicrobial properties of these new compounds strains of Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi were used, we also followed the haemolytic activity and toxic effect on human cell culture HepG2. On the base of ECD spectroscopy measurement, subsequent molecular modelling and known secondary structure of original β‐alanyl‐tyrosine dipeptide, the secondary structures of repeating sequences of β‐AY were specified. The repeating structures of β‐alanyl‐tyrosine show increase in antimicrobial activity; for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, minimal inhibitory concentration was decreased from 30 to 15 mm for 2xβ‐AY, 0.4 mm for 4xβ‐AY and 0.25 mm for 6xβ‐AY.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of early loaded narrow‐diameter implants: 3 years follow‐up
Authors: Maiorana Carlo , King Paul , Quaas Sebastian , Sondell Katarina , Worsaae Nils , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical reliability of narrow implants placed in a one‐stage procedure and early loaded in the upper and lower incisor region.Material and methodsThis is a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter study in which patients with missing natural dentition in upper lateral and lower incisor positions were enrolled. Eligible implants (OsseoSpeed™ TX 3.0S, DENTSPLY Implants) were of three different lengths and of 3.0 mm in diameter. One‐stage surgery was performed and healing abutment connection took place. Placement of the permanent single crown took place after a 6–10 weeks healing period. Clinical and radiographic checks were performed at implant placement, loading, and at the 6, 12, 24, and 36 months follow‐up visits.ResultsA total of 69 subjects with 97 implants have been included in this study. From surgery to 36 months follow‐up, 5.6% of the implants showed bone loss of more than 1 mm, while no bone loss at all were observed for 57.3% of the implants. The mean marginal bone level change from surgery to the 6, 12, and 36 months follow‐up visits was −0.27, −0.11, and −0.09 mm, respectively. The total survival rate after 3 years is 95.5%.ConclusionsThe data presented show stable marginal bone levels as well as healthy soft tissue around OsseoSpeed™ TX 3.0S implants, after 3 years of function. An interesting finding from this investigation was that a longer healing period before crown placement and loading contributed to statistically significant less marginal bone loss between loading and the 1‐year follow‐up visit (Galindo‐Moreno et al. 2012). This finding, associated with a stable probing pocket depth and a stable crown–gingiva distance, using a one‐stage surgical procedure helps to maintain the integrity of the peri‐implant soft tissues. Narrow implants can be considered as a valid solution in the treatment of the localized narrow bony defects in the anterior area with reduced spaces between the natural teeth.
The Impact of the Transition to HE: emotions, feelings and sensations
Authors: Dias Diana , Sá Maria José 
Published: October 2013

Transition to Higher Education (HE) is a significant life event and it is supposed to be a very agreeable experience to students. However, such impact is not linear, being mediated by students' psychosocial variables and by their own perceptions concerning the HE environment.Transition to HE encompasses many tasks to cope with changes: dealing with new kinds of responsibilities and managing emotions. A wide variety of emotions take place in the HE transition, either of a positive or negative nature, such as joy of enrolment success and fears of social rejection.This research focused on the transition to HE, approaching freshmen's personal and developmental variables. Results confirm that the impact of transition has a mostly emotional nature and that related concerns differ according to students' gender and socio‐cultural background. With greater joy or greater anxiety, HE transition may be perceived as a stage of a long process towards adulthood.
On the role of environmental humidity on cortisol production by epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Zhu Guo , Janjetovic Zorica , Slominski Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that skin can act as an independent steroidogenic organ. It can respond to various stresses including UV light, trauma and oncogenesis by upregulating glucocorticoid production via elements of the local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent data by Takei and collaborators provided in this issue of Experimental Dermatology included dryness to the list of stressors stimulating cutaneous cortisol synthesis with a possible involvement of IL‐1β as a mediator of this regulation. Thus, the last decade of research has not only documented that skin can produce cortisol, but that levels of its production change in response to environmental stress. The role of this regulated steroidogenic system in physiological or pathological outcomes requires further studies with focus on cutaneous homeostasis, formation of epidermal barrier, antimicrobial activity and display of immune (both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory) properties.
Fructose 1, 6‐diphosphate regulates desmosomal proteins and collagen fibres in human skin equivalents
Authors: Choi Hyun , Yang Seung Ha , Bae Il‐Hong , Park Ju‐Yearl , Kim Hyoung‐June , Noh Minsoo , Lee Tae Ryong , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe previously reported that fructose 1,6‐diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, alleviates ultraviolet B‐induced oxidative skin damage. Here, we further examined the effects of FDP on skin. FDP decreased the number of desmosomes, whereas it increased collagen fibres in skin equivalents (SEs). FDP significantly decreased the expression of corneodesmosomal components such as desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmocollin 1 (DSC1) and corneodesmosin (CDSN), and desquamation‐related proteases, kallikrein 5 (KLK 5) and kallikrein 7 (KLK7) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). In addition, FDP treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but the decreased expression of corneodesmosomal components is not recovered by the treatment of p38 MAPK inhibitors. Interestingly, FDP diminished the amplitude of Ca2+ fluxes through down‐regulation of SERCA2. Taken together, these results suggested that FDP induced a decrease in desmosomes and an increase in collagen fibres similar to the process of chemical peeling, the most common treatments for ageing skin.