bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AINTEGUMENTA and the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 regulate root secondary growth and respond to cytokinins
Authors: Randall Ricardo S. , Miyashima Shunsuke , Blomster Tiina , Zhang Jing , Elo Annakaisa , Karlberg Anna , Immanen Juha , Nieminen Kaisa , Lee Ji-Young , Kakimoto Tatsuo , Blajecka Karolina , Melnyk Charles W. , Alcasabas Annette , Forzani Celine , Matsumoto-Kitano Miho , Mähönen Ari Pekka , Bhalerao Rishikesh , Dewitte Walter , Helariutta Ykä , Murray James A. H. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Higher plant vasculature is characterized by two distinct developmental phases. Initially, a well-defined radial primary pattern is established. In eudicots, this is followed by secondary growth, which involves development of the cambium and is required for efficient water and nutrient transport and wood formation. Regulation of secondary growth involves several phytohormones, and cytokinins have been implicated as key players, particularly in the activation of cell proliferation, but the molecular mechanisms mediating this hormonal control remain unknown. Here we show that the genes encoding the transcription factor AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 are expressed in the vascular cambium of Arabidopsis roots, respond to cytokinins and are both required for proper root secondary thickening. Cytokinin regulation of ANT and CYCD3 also occurs during secondary thickening of poplar stems, suggesting this represents a conserved regulatory mechanism.
The relationship between acoustic habitat, hearing and tonal vocalizations in the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Rivera Chavarría Mario , Castro Jorge , Camacho Arturo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered marine mammal that inhabits the Caribbean Sea and riverine systems in Central America. Their acoustic behavior is relevant for individual identification, mating and parental care. Manatees produce tonal sounds with highest energy in the second harmonic (usually 5 kHz), and their audiogram indicates sensitivity from 0.3 kHz to 90 kHz with lowest thresholds in the 16 to 18 kHz range. We recorded manatees in the San San River, a highly polluted riverine system in Panama, using a stereo array. Frequency transmission experiments were conducted in four subhabitats, categorized using riverine vegetation. Incidental interactions of manatees and small motorboats were examined. Acoustic transmission was linearly related to tonal vocalization characters: correlations were stronger in freshwater than in transition and marine environments. Two bands, 0.6 to 2 kHz and 3 to 8 kHz, attenuate similarly in all subhabitats, and these bands encompass F0 (tone) and peak frequency respectively of manatee tonal calls. Based on our data we conclude that frequency transmission depends mainly on river depth and bottom characteristics, also motorboat sounds mask signals from 3.5 kHz to 8 kHz, which overlaps the peak frequency of tonal calls. In spite of differences between acoustic transmission in subhabitats of the San San River, manatees utilize bands that transmit efficiently in all subhabitats.
On the steady flow of reactive gaseous mixture
Authors: Giovangigli Vincent , Pokorný Milan , Zatorska Ewelina 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We present the study of systems of equations governing a steady flow of polyatomic,
heat-conducting reactive gas mixture. It is shown that the corresponding system of PDEs admits a weak solution and renormalized solution to the continuity equation, provided the adiabatic exponent for the mixture γ is greater than

5
3

${\frac{5}{3}}$

.
Bioconversion of degraded husked sorghum grains to ethanol
Authors: Nasidi Muhammad , Agu Reginald C. , Deeni Yusuf , Giginyu Idris Bala , Walker Graeme 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEfficient starch saccharification is an essential step towards achieving improved ethanol yields by fermentation. Sorghum grains are important starch sources for bioconversion to ethanol. In the present study, disease degraded (spoilt) husked grains from Nigerian sorghum cultivars were obtained from field sites and subjected to bioprocessing to ethanol. The crude husked grains (comprising husks, spikelet, awn, rachis and pubescence materials) were hammer milled and each meal separately mashed with enzyme cocktails comprising amylase, glucanase and protease enzymes. The saccharified worts obtained were then fermented with the yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis (aka Scheffersomyces stipitis), without exogenous nutrient supplementation. Sugars liberated during mashing were determined and it was found that enzymatic hydrolysis of milled sorghum grains was effective in yielding favourable levels of fermentable sugars up to 70g sugar/100g substrate with one particular cultivar (KSV8). Ethanol and carbon dioxide production was measured from subsequent trial fermentations of the sorghum mash and it was found that S. cerevisiae produced ethanol levels equating to 420 L/t that compares very favourably with yields from wheat and barley. Our findings show that crude degraded sorghum grains represent favourable low-cost feedstocks for bioconversion to ethanol with reduced energy input and without additional costs for nutrient supplementation during fermentation. Consequently, our results suggest some economic benefits could be derived from spoilt or degraded sorghum grains.
DAPT inhibits the chondrogenesis of human
umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hu Xiaoke , Zhang Jiawen , Shao Xinxin , Luo Ermei , Yu Li 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Notch signaling plays a key role in cell
proliferation and differentiation, and is important
in several biological processes, but its role in the
chondrogenesis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal
stem cells (UC-MSCs) is still unknown. N-[N-(3,5-
difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-(S)-phenylglycinet-butyl
ester (DAPT) is the inhibitor of Notch pathway. The aim
of this study is to investgate the influence of DAPT on
the chondrogenesis of UC-MSCs. In our study, UC-MSCs
were isolated from human umbilical cord and their
characteristics were identified. The UC-MSCs were
induced to differentiate into chondrocytes in vitro and
treated with 5 μM DAPT. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and
collagen type II (COL-2A1) were analyzed qualitatively and
quantitatively. The gene expression of Notch-1, Hes-1, GAG
and COL-2A1 were analyzed by quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR). The UC-MSCs separated from
human umbilical cord, followed the characteristics of
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). The gene expression of
Notch-1 and Hes-1 decreased after chondrogenic induction
but the percentage in G1 period and the content of GAG
and COL-2A1 increased. The expression of all tested Notch
signaling and proliferation genes declined when 5 μM
DAPT was added, also the content of GAG and COL-2A1
also decreased. Our study revealed that Notch signaling
exists in UC-MSCs and it may remain the proliferative
activity of UC-MSCs. Once the chondrogenesis begins,
Notch signaling strength decline evidently. DAPT inhibits
the chondrogenesis of UC-MSCs.
Navigation Signal Disturbances by Multipath Propagation – Scaled Measurements with a Universal Channel Sounder Architecture
Authors: Geise Robert , Neubauer Bjoern , Zimmer Georg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe performance of navigation systems is always reduced by unwanted multipath propagation. This is especially of practical importance for airborne navigation systems like the instrument landing system (ILS) or the VHF omni directional radio range (VOR). Nevertheless, the quantitative analysis of corresponding, potentially harmful multipath propagation disturbances is very difficult due to the large parameter space. Experimentally difficulties arise due to very expensive, real scale measurement campaigns and numerical simulation techniques still have shortcomings which are briefly discussed. In this contribution a new universal approach is introduced on how to measure very flexibly multipath propagation effects for arbitrary navigation systems using a channel sounder architecture in a scaled measurement environment. Two relevant scenarios of multipath propagation and the impact on navigation signals are presented. The first describes disturbances of the ILS due to large taxiing aircraft. The other example shows the influence of rotating wind turbines on the VOR.
Modeling US Farmer Soybean Seed Choice with Path Dependencies: Inevitable Patented Seed Market Dominance?
Authors: Jenson Robert A. , McIntosh Christopher Richard 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The growth in the US market share of soybeans including Monsanto’s patented “Roundup Ready” (RR1 and RR2) traits has been extraordinary. This growth is likely due to a number of factors that affect the number of competitor firms and individual farmers’ seed choices. This study outlines how two path dependencies, transition and expected fine, may be contributing. Herein, these path dependencies are explored to consider whether they are legitimate, how they might affect a farmer’s planting decisions and their possible effects on soybean seed markets. Our simulation models consider the number of periods for patented seed market share to converge from zero to 85%. Results indicate that the path dependencies create pockets of significant convergence influence over various alternative price ranges, i.e. the dependencies can accelerate or create a convergence that would not have existed without them. When a relatively large expected fine path or a strong version of the transition dependency is considered, the pocket includes reasonable price premiums for conventional and organic seed.
Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation in
TiX2
Single Crystals (X = S, Se, Te) under Hydrostatic
Pressure
Authors: Knobel Robert , Behrens Harald , Schwarzburger Nele I. , Binnewies Michael , Horn Ingo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chemical intercalation of lithium in single crystals of TiX2
(X = S, Se, Te) was studied at
pressures of 10–500 MPa and temperatures of
293–363 K. Crystals were synthesized by chemical vapor
synthesis and cut with a LASER into squares (2.2 × 2.2 mm). Samples and 1.6 mol · L
–1
n-butyl lithium solutions in n-hexane (BuLi) were sealed in gold
capsules. Experiments were carried out in cold seal pressure vessels
for 5–20 days using Ar as pressure medium. A large
fraction of samples showed degradation after the experiments, i.e., at
low pressures and at high temperatures. On samples with minor
degradation, lithium profiles were measured parallel to the
crystallographic ab-plane, using femtosecond-LASER
Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and
-Mass Spectrometry (fs-LA-ICP-OES and -MS). Most of the profiles could
be well fitted by the specific solution of Fick's second law for the
given boundary conditions. Lithium diffusivities (D
Li) and
lithium contents at the crystal edges (x
Li,S) were
determined from the fits.
At 500 MPa and room temperature lithium diffusivities are
similar in TiS2 ((1.07 to
2.41) × 10
–15 m2 · s
–1) and
TiSe2 ((1.48 to 2.10) × 10
–15 m2 · s
–1) but significantly lower in TiTe2
((0.07 to 0.55) × 10
–15 m2 · s
–1). Moreover, diffusivity of Li in TiTe2 decreases
significantly with increasing pressure whereas for the other
chalcogenides a pressure dependence cannot be evidenced. Lithium
surface contents are lower for TiS2 (x  =  0.15 to 0.36)
than for TiSe2 (0.66 to 0.71) and TiTe2
(0.59 to 0.99), slightly elevated compared to ambient pressure
experiments. These findings indicate, that the ionicity of the
Ti–X bonding as well as the size of the interlayer
space (van der Waals gap) play a crucial role for the degree of
lithium insertion and for the pressure dependence of lithium
diffusivity.
Application of WSe2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Condensation Method for Li-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Vasilyeva Ekaterina , Nasibulin Albert , Tolochko Oleg , Rudskoy Andrey , Sachdev Anil , Xiao Xingcheng 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Crystalline low agglomerated tungsten diselenide (WSe2)
nanoparticles were successfully produced by the aerosol synthesis
method. The particle size and morphology were changed by process
parameters. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The
WSe2 nanoparticle morphology varies from a spherical shape to
flake-like, layered structures. Usually, as-prepared particles consist
of 5–7 single layers of WSe2. These as-synthesized WSe2
nanoparticles were used as anodes to assemble lithium-ion
batteries. A high reversible capacity and very stable cycle
performance can be obtained, implying that these WSe2
nanostructures could provide new types of electrode materials for
rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conducting Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Rate Capability – Impact of Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry and Aliovalent Mg2+-Doping Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Jakes Peter , Granwehr Josef , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger-A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Spinel-type Li4Ti5O12 is an attractive anode material for lithium-ion battery applications owing to its high specific energy and almost vanishing mechanical strain upon Li-(de)intercalation. The impact of oxygen non-stoichiometry and aliovalent Mg-doping on the defect chemistry of Li4Ti5O12 has been characterized by quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results obtained demonstrate that the Mg2+-ions are amphoterically incorporated at the here studied concentrations on both lithium (MgLi
•) and titanium (Mg′′Ti) sites. Mg2+-doping thus simultaneously results in the formation of donor (MgLi
•) and acceptor (Mg′′Ti) centers. Furthermore, upon both oxygen deficiency and Mg2+-doping, the concentration of `polaronic'-type Ti3+-states is increased, accounting for the enhanced electronic conductivity.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of 4-Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Hu Yue , Li Jing , Lv Chang-Wei , Qu Di , Hou Zheng , Jia Min , Li Jiang-Tao , Zhang Zi-Dan , Luo Xiao-Xing , Yuan Zhi , Li Ming-Kai 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Three kinds of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, namely, biscoumarins
(1–4), epoxydicoumarins (5–8) and dihydropyrans (9–12),
were synthesized and the antibacterial activity of each of them was
evaluated. The result of preliminary bioassay shows that the lowest
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 1 and 2
against drug-sensitive S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA XJ 75302, Mu50, ATCC
700699 and USA 300) is 4–64 ug/mL. Additionally, there
are two classical intramolecular
O—H⋯O
hydrogen bonds (HBs) in the structures of biscoumarins (1–4), and
their corresponding HB energies were further calculated by the density
functional theory (DFT) [B3LYP/6-31G*] method.
New Insights from an Empirical Multi-Property
Interatomic Potential and Predicted Collision-induced
Light Scattering Spectra for Hg-rare Gas van der Waals
Complexes
Authors: El-Kader Mohamed S. A. , Maroulis George 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An empirical interatomic potentials for the interaction of Hg with
inert gases are developed by simultaneously fitting the modified
Tang–Toennies (MTT) potential function to spectroscopic data,
thermo-physical and transport properties over a wide temperature
range. The two-body anisotropic collision-induced light scattering
spectra of mercury vapor with mixtures of rare gas has never been
measured. The lineshape calculations through quantum mechanical
methods have been used to predict a reasonable experimental spectra of
the induced light scattering at T = 500 K using these
models of potentials and a suitable models for the anisotropy. The
results of calculations show that these models of the interactions and
the induction mechanisms are the most accurate models reported to date
for these mixtures.
Game Demands of Seven-A-Side Soccer in Young Players
Authors: Barbero-Alvarez José C. , Gómez-López Maite , Castagna Carlo , Barbero-Alvarez Verónica , Romero David V. , Blanchfield Anthony W. , Nakamura Fábio Y. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Barbero-Alvarez, JC, Gómez-López, M, Castagna, C, Barbero-Alvarez, V, Romero, DV, Blanchfield, AW, and Nakamura, FY. Game demands of seven-a-side soccer in young players. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1771–1779, 2017—The aim of this study was to examine the activity patterns and physiological demands of 7-a-side youth soccer matches across 2 chronological age categories (U12 and U14). Twenty-two soccer players of a national youth soccer academy were investigated. Players of each age category performed 2 training matches (2 × 25 minutes) and were monitored by global positioning system and heart rate monitor units. Players of both categories covered similar total distance (5,348 ± 307 m), at similar mean heart rate values (86 ± 4% of maximum). However, the number of high-intensity runs (82.5 ± 17.4 vs. 69.7 ± 15.2) and total distance covered during sprints (264 ± 207 vs. 128 ± 74 m) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in U14 compared with U12. The results suggest a highly demanding nature of 7-a-side soccer for skilled players, with physical maturity possibly influencing the match-related high-intensity performance at these ages.
Postmitotic diversification of olfactory neuron types is mediated by differential activities of the HMG‐box transcription factor SOX‐2
Authors: Alqadah Amel , Hsieh Yi‐Wen , Vidal Berta , Chang Chieh , Hobert Oliver , Chuang Chiou‐Fen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiversification of neuron classes is essential for functions of the olfactory system, but the underlying mechanisms that generate individual olfactory neuron types are only beginning to be understood. Here we describe a role of the highly conserved HMG‐box transcription factor SOX‐2 in postmitotic specification and alternative differentiation of the Caenorhabditis elegans AWC and AWB olfactory neurons. We show that SOX‐2 partners with different transcription factors to diversify postmitotic olfactory cell types. SOX‐2 functions cooperatively with the OTX/OTD transcription factor CEH‐36 to specify an AWC “ground state,” and functions with the LIM homeodomain factor LIM‐4 to suppress this ground state and drive an AWB identity instead. Our findings provide novel insights into combinatorial codes that drive terminal differentiation programs in the nervous system and reveal a biological function of the deeply conserved Sox2 protein that goes beyond its well‐known role in stem cell biology.
Increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Vassilatou E , Vassiliadi D A , Salambasis K , Lazaridou H , Koutsomitopoulos N , Kelekis N , Kassanos D , Hadjidakis D , Dimitriadis G 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveLimited data exist concerning the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in premenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of PCOS in overweight and obese premenopausal women with NAFLD.DesignProspective, observational, and cross-sectional study.MethodsWe studied 110 apparently healthy, overweight, and obese (BMI: 25.1–49.1 kg/m2) premenopausal women (age: 18–45 years) reporting no or minimal alcohol consumption for NAFLD with abdominal ultrasonography after excluding causes of secondary liver disease and for PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) with clinical examination, biochemical evaluation, and pelvic ultrasonography. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and free androgen index was calculated.ResultsNAFLD was detected in 71/110 women (64.5%). Women with NAFLD compared to women without NAFLD were more commonly diagnosed with PCOS (43.7% vs 23.1%, respectively,P=0.04), metabolic syndrome (30.2% vs 5.3%, respectively,P=0.003), and abnormal lipid profile (81.1% vs 51.3%,P=0.002). All women with abnormal glucose metabolism had NAFLD (P=0.01). Although PCOS was associated with NAFLD (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.2,P=0.04), in a multivariate analysis higher HOMA-IR values (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4,P=0.02) and triglyceride levels (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02,P=0.04) independently predicted NAFLD, after adjusting for age, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio.ConclusionsThese findings indicate an increased prevalence of PCOS in overweight and obese premenopausal women with NAFLD, although it is not supported that the syndrome is primarily involved in NAFLD. Evaluation for PCOS may be considered in these women.
Inferring Bottlenecks from Genome-Wide Samples of Short Sequence Blocks
Authors: Bunnefeld Lynsey , Frantz Laurent A F , Lohse Konrad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe advent of the genomic era has necessitated the development of methods capable of analyzing large volumes of genomic data efficiently. Being able to reliably identify bottlenecks—extreme population size changes of short duration—not only is interesting in the context of speciation and extinction but also matters (as a null model) when inferring selection. Bottlenecks can be detected in polymorphism data via their distorting effect on the shape of the underlying genealogy. Here, we use the generating function of genealogies to derive the probability of mutational configurations in short sequence blocks under a simple bottleneck model. Given a large number of nonrecombining blocks, we can compute maximum-likelihood estimates of the time and strength of the bottleneck. Our method relies on a simple summary of the joint distribution of polymorphic sites. We extend the site frequency spectrum by counting mutations in frequency classes in short sequence blocks. Using linkage information over short distances in this way gives greater power to detect bottlenecks than the site frequency spectrum and potentially opens up a wide range of demographic histories to blockwise inference. Finally, we apply our method to genomic data from a species of pig (Sus cebifrons) endemic to islands in the center and west of the Philippines to estimate whether a bottleneck occurred upon island colonization and compare our scheme to Li and Durbin’s pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) both for the pig data and using simulations.