bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene climate change inferred from stratigraphy and OSL chronology of aeolian sediments in the Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu LuPeng , Lai ZhongPing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPaleoclimatic reconstruction based on aeolian sediments in the eastern Qaidam Basin (QB) has been hindered by the limited chronological data. Here we present 61 Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages. On the basis of these OSL ages and the lithologic stratigraphy, we propose the ‘effective moisture index (EMI)’ for aeolian sediments to reconstruct the effective moisture change. Based on the EMI from twelve sections, the effective moisture change, moisture sources and relevant mechanisms for paleoclimatic change in the eastern QB are discussed. The results indicate that (1) aeolian deposition started at least before 12.4 ± 0.7 ka during the deglaciation, the paleosols developed at the early and mid-Holocene, and aeolian sand and loess accumulated at mid- and late Holocene; (2) effective moisture history was: hyper-arid at 12.8–11.6 ka, humid and variable at 11.6–8.3 ka, moderately humid and stable at 8.3–3.5 ka, and increasingly arid at 3.5–0 ka; (3) the effective moisture change was mainly controlled by the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), which mainly followed the change of Northern Hemispheric summer insolation, and the westerlies strengthened and increased the aridity in the QB when the ASM shrank.
Cyclic flame propagation in premixed combustion
Authors: Boettcher Philipp A. , Menon Shyam K. , Ventura Brian L. , Blanquart Guillaume , Shepherd Joseph E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn experiments of hot surface ignition and subsequent flame propagation, a puffing flame instability is observed in mixtures that are stagnant and premixed prior to ignition. By varying the size of the hot surface, power input, and combustion vessel volume, it was determined that the instability is a function of the interaction of the flame, with the fluid flow induced by the combustion products rather than the initial plume established by the hot surface. Pressure ranges from 25 to 100 kPa and mixtures of n-hexane/air with equivalence ratios between $\phi = 0. 58$ and 3.0 at room temperature were investigated. Equivalence ratios between $\phi = 2. 15$ and 2.5 exhibited multiple flame and equivalence ratios above $\phi = 2. 5$ resulted in puffing flames at atmospheric pressure. The phenomenon is accurately reproduced in numerical simulations and a detailed flow field analysis revealed competition between the inflow velocity at the base of the flame and the flame propagation speed. The increasing inflow velocity, which exceeds the flame propagation speed, is ultimately responsible for creating a puff. The puff is then accelerated upward, allowing for the creation of the subsequent instabilities. The frequency of the puff is proportional to the gravitational acceleration and inversely proportional to the flame speed. A scaling relationship describes the dependence of the frequency on gravitational acceleration, hot surface diameter, and flame speed. This relation shows good agreement for rich n-hexane/air and lean hydrogen/air flames, as well as lean hexane/hydrogen/air mixtures.
Land usage classification: a hierarchical neural network approach
Authors: PALOMO E. J. , ELIZONDO D. , BRUNSCHWIG G. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe classification of land usage in mountain grassland bovine areas is important for the management of forage production and grazing in grass-based livestock systems. The present paper proposes a novel, hierarchical neural network-based approach towards the classification of land usage in these areas. A survey of 72 farms was conducted in the Massif Central (France). Information was gathered on geographical characteristics and cutting and/or grazing practices on three general groups of fields: cut only, cut and grazed and grazed only fields. To classify land usage, the data were clustered and visualized in a hierarchical fashion. This was done by using a novel method for the analysis and classification of data based on growing hierarchical self-organizing maps (GHSOM). Self-organizing maps (SOM) have been shown to be successful for the analysis of highly dimensional input data in data mining applications as well as for data visualization. Moreover, the hierarchical architecture of the GHSOM is more flexible than a single SOM in the adaptation process to input data, capturing inherent hierarchical relationships among them. Experimental results show the utility of this approach.
Bruce Lee: A visual poetics of postwar Japanese manliness
Authors: MACKINTOSH JONATHAN D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFist of Fury, starring Bruce Lee, debuted in Japan in 1974. Whilst its critical reception reflected its box-office success, a complex emotional reaction is nevertheless detectable towards the film's unsympathetic portrayal of the Japanese. This paper will explore this reaction and suggest that a post-colonial angst was piqued, one that betrayed fundamental shifts in current racial, erotic, cultural, moral, and historical understandings of Japanese manliness. At one level, the response to Lee is a hermeneutic cue into the manifold ways that this angst was constructed through contesting understandings of an emergent China and unresolved memories concerning failed imperial Japanese adventure. At another level, the phenomenon of Lee's Japanese reception points to longer-term shifts in the visual-cultural representation of masculinity: vulnerability as articulated in the cinema's ‘new man’, male nudity as ‘discovered’ in women's magazines, and most potently, modern Japanese manliness to challenge American neo-colonial hegemony. It is this panorama of masculinity that this paper seeks to open through an inter-disciplinary survey of a variety of media—film, pulp fiction, women's magazines, andhomoporn; a panorama into which Bruce Lee exploded on screen, alerting us to the images and contradictory aspirations that script a visual poetry of Japanese manliness.
In vitro and in vivoactivity of the chloroaryl-substituted imidazole viniconazole againstTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: DA SILVA CRISTIANE FRANÇA , BATISTA DENISE DA GAMA JAEN , BATISTA MARCOS MEUSER , LIONEL JESSICA , HAMMER ERICA RIPOLL , BRUN RETO , SOEIRO MARIA DE NAZARÉ CORREIA 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYChagas disease (CD) is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruziand affects more than 10 million people in poor areas of Latin America. There is an urgent need for alternative drugs with better safety, broader efficacy, lower costs and shorter time of administration. Thus the biological activity of viniconazole, a chloroaryl-substituted imidazole was investigated usingin vitroandin vivoscreening models ofT. cruziinfection. Ultrastructural findings demonstrated that the most frequent cellular damage was associated with plasma membrane (blebs and shedding events), Golgi (swelling aspects) and the appearance of large numbers of vacuoles suggesting an autophagic process. Our data demonstrated that although this compound is effective against bloodstream and intracellular forms (16 and 24 μm, respectively)in vitro, it does not presentin vivoefficacy. Due to the urgent need for novel agents againstT. cruzi, the screening of natural and synthetic products must be further supported with the aim of finding more selective and affordable drugs for CD.
Research gaps in understanding how climate change will affect arboviral diseases
Authors: Baylis Matthew 
Published: October 2013

AbstractClimate change is widely expected to cause the emergence and spread of vector-borne diseases, and predictive models are needed so that we can be prepared. We developed a climate-sensitive, predictive, model that describes the risk of bluetongue, an arboviral disease of ruminants, which has emerged dramatically in Europe. Developing the predictive bluetongue model led to the identification of numerous gaps in both the understanding and the availability of data. These mostly pertain to the vectors and their interaction with hosts. Closing these gaps will allow better models, with more precise predictions, to be produced. These research gaps apply to many other arboviral diseases as well. As a consequence, there needs to be an increase in research on the vectors that transmit arboviral diseases. Priorities are the training of a new generation of taxonomists, studies on the field biology of potential vectors, and increased coordination of vector surveillance and recording between countries facing similar threats.
Allosteric coupling of the inner activation gate to the outer pore of a potassium channel
Authors: Peters Christian J. , Fedida David , Accili Eric A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn potassium channels, functional coupling of the inner and outer pore gates may result from energetic interactions between residues and conformational rearrangements that occur along a structural path between them. Here, we show that conservative mutations of a residue near the inner activation gate of the Shaker potassium channel (I470) modify the rate of C-type inactivation at the outer pore, pointing to this residue as part of a pathway that couples inner gate opening to changes in outer pore structure and reduction of ion flow. Because they remain equally sensitive to rises in extracellular potassium, altered inactivation rates of the mutant channels are not secondary to modified binding of potassium to the outer pore. Conservative mutations of I470 also influence the interaction of the Shaker N-terminus with the inner gate, which separately affects the outer pore.
Electrically Controlled Membranes Exploiting Cassie-Wenzel Wetting Transitions
Authors: Bormashenko Edward , Pogreb Roman , Balter Sagi , Aurbach Doron 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report electrically controlled membranes which become permeable when an electrical field is exerted on a droplet deposited on the membrane. Micro-porous polycarbonate membranes are obtained with the breath-figures assembly technique, using micro-scaled stainless steel gauzes as supports. The membranes demonstrate pronounced Cassie-Baxter wetting. Air cushions trapped by the droplet prevent water penetration through the membrane. We demonstrate two possibilities for controlling the permeability of the membrane, namely contact and non-contact scenarios. When an electrical field is exerted on a droplet deposited on the membrane, the triple-line is de-pinned and the wetting transition occurs in the non-contact scheme. Thus, the membrane becomes permeable. The contact scheme of the permeability control is based on the electrowetting phenomenon.
Miniaturised microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll‐off and ultra‐wide stopband
Authors: Karimi Gh. , Khamin‐Hamedani F. , Siahkamari H. 
Published: October 2013

A new semi‐fractal technique is applied to hairpin microstrip lowpass filters to realise compact size and sharp roll‐off. To achieve wide stopband suppression, both a semi‐fractal hairpin resonator and a U‐shaped resonator are employed in the filter. A demonstration filter with 3 dB cutoff frequency at 1.51 GHz has been designed, fabricated and measured. The results show that a roll‐off of 217.6 dB/GHz with a relative stopband bandwidth of 159.7% (referred to a suppression degree of 32 dB) can be obtained while achieving a high figure‐of‐merit of 44 832.
Miniaturised wideband circularly‐polarised log‐periodic Koch fractal antenna
Authors: Liu Guo , Xu Liang , Wu Zhensen 
Published: October 2013

A small size wideband (2–6 GHz) circularly‐polarised log‐periodic Koch fractal antenna (LPKFA) is proposed. The circular polarisation is produced by using a pair of unequal length crossed‐dipoles, and the wideband property is achieved based on the concept of the log‐periodic dipole antenna without a matching network. In addition, Koch‐shaped dipoles are used as the radiation elements in the design.
0.013 mm2, kHz‐to‐GHz‐bandwidth, third‐order all‐pole lowpass filter with 0.52‐to‐1.11 pW/pole/Hz efficiency
Authors: Chen Yong , Mak Pui‐In , Zhang Li , Qian He , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2013

A third‐order all‐pole analogue lowpass filter (LPF) with kHz‐to‐GHz bandwidth tunability is proposed. It embeds a current‐reuse active inductor into a current‐scalable source follower to realise three concurrently tunable poles in a single branch. The LPF fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS measures a tunable − 3 dB cutoff from 0.8 kHz to 1.2 GHz, under a scalable power of 1.25 nW to 4.01 mW. Owing to no tuning capacitor, the die area is extremely compact (0.013 mm2) and the achieved filter efficiency is 0.52 to 1.11 pW/pole/Hz.
High‐efficiency fast‐transient‐response V2‐controlled boost converter with small ESR capacitor
Authors: Hwang Yah‐Shyan , Shen Jian‐Hong , Chen Jiann‐Jong 
Published: October 2013

A high‐efficiency fast‐transient‐response V2‐controlled boost converter with a small equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitor is presented. The proposed boost converter can achieve a fast and stable load transient response without relying on the ESR of the output capacitor. The switching frequency of the proposed boost converter is 500 kHz for a nominal 2.5–4.2 V input and a 3.3–5 V output application. Experimental results show that the transient recovery time inheriting the advantage of V2 control is shorter than 6.4 µs with the load step from 250 to 20 mA and the highest efficiency can be up to 95.4%. The proposed boost converter has been fabricated with a 0.35 µm 2P4M CMOS process, the total chip area is about 1.5 × 1.5 mm2, including the PADs.
Frequency reconfigurable patch antenna using liquid metal as switching mechanism
Authors: Kelley M. , Koo C. , McQuilken H. , Lawrence B. , Li S. , Han A. , Huff G. 
Published: October 2013

The use of liquid metal as a switching mechanism for a frequency‐reconfigurable edge‐fed microstrip patch antenna designed to operate in either the 2.4 GHz ISM band or the 1.6 GHz GPS band is illustrated. A partitioned fluidic manifold bonded to the top of the antenna enables the pressure‐driven displacement of a low‐loss dielectric fluid and the liquid metal from a reservoir atop the patch to switch between the two antenna states. Fabrication and measurement of the antenna illustrates the use of fluidics as an alternative to RF switches for reconfigurable antennas.
Modified one‐cycle‐controlled three‐phase pulse‐width modulation rectifiers with a reduced switching frequency to power line frequency ratio
Authors: Wei Zheng , Chen Xin , Chen Jie , Gong Chun‐ying , Fan Yi , Chen Jia‐wei 
Published: October 2013

In the aircraft power systems with 360–800 Hz line frequency or medium‐ and high‐power three‐phase pulse‐width modulation (PWM) rectifier applications operating at the utility line frequency (50/60 Hz), the ratio of switching frequency to power line frequency will be reduced because of the increased line frequency or low switching frequency. Therefore the assumptions that the average voltage drop across the input inductor of the PWM rectifiers can be neglected if the conventional one‐cycle controlled (OCC) method had been adopted can no longer be true anymore, which will deteriorate the system power factor (PF) dramatically. To solve this issue, a modified OCC scheme is proposed in this study. The proposed control method can improve the input PF of three‐phase PWM rectifier without sacrificing the advantages of the conventional OCC scheme, such as no phase‐locked loop and constant switching frequency. The control equation of the modified OCC method, which considered the voltage drop across the input inductor, is first derived. The theoretic analysis is supported by the experimental verification performed by a 2.5 kW modified OCC‐based three‐phase three‐switch Vienna rectifier.
Exploring high dimensional data with Butterfly: a novel classification algorithm based on discrete dynamical systems
Authors: Geraci Joseph , Dharsee Moyez , Nuin Paulo , Haslehurst Alexandria , Koti Madhuri , Feilotter Harriet E. , Evans Ken 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: We introduce a novel method for visualizing high dimensional data via a discrete dynamical system. This method provides a 2D representation of the relationship between subjects according to a set of variables without geometric projections, transformed axes or principal components. The algorithm exploits a memory-type mechanism inherent in a certain class of discrete dynamical systems collectively referred to as the chaos game that are closely related to iterative function systems. The goal of the algorithm was to create a human readable representation of high dimensional patient data that was capable of detecting unrevealed subclusters of patients from within anticipated classifications. This provides a mechanism to further pursue a more personalized exploration of pathology when used with medical data. For clustering and classification protocols, the dynamical system portion of the algorithm is designed to come after some feature selection filter and before some model evaluation (e.g. clustering accuracy) protocol. In the version given here, a univariate features selection step is performed (in practice more complex feature selection methods are used), a discrete dynamical system is driven by this reduced set of variables (which results in a set of 2D cluster models), these models are evaluated for their accuracy (according to a user-defined binary classification) and finally a visual representation of the top classification models are returned. Thus, in addition to the visualization component, this methodology can be used for both supervised and unsupervised machine learning as the top performing models are returned in the protocol we describe here.
Results: Butterfly, the algorithm we introduce and provide working code for, uses a discrete dynamical system to classify high dimensional data and provide a 2D representation of the relationship between subjects. We report results on three datasets (two in the article; one in the appendix) including a public lung cancer dataset that comes along with the included Butterfly R package. In the included R script, a univariate feature selection method is used for the dimension reduction step, but in the future we wish to use a more powerful multivariate feature reduction method based on neural networks (Kriesel, 2007).
Availability and implementation: A script written in R (designed to run on R studio) accompanies this article that implements this algorithm and is available at http://butterflygeraci.codeplex.com/. For details on the R package or for help installing the software refer to the accompanying document, Supporting Material and Appendix.
Contact: geraci.joseph@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
T cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: Tse Kevin , Tse Harley , Sidney John , Sette Alex , Ley Klaus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall. Atherosclerotic lesions contain monocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and T lymphocytes. Here, we review the role of T-lymphocyte subsets in atherosclerosis. Among CD4+ T cells, Th1 cells are pro-atherogenic, Treg cells are athero-protective and the role of Th2 and Th17 cells remains unclear. The role of follicular helper T cells in atherosclerosis remains unknown, as is the role of CD8+ T cells. NKT cells bind glycolipid antigens and exert a pro-atherogenic role. The antigen specificity of T-cell responses in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. In order to enable antigen-specific prevention or therapy, a better understanding of these mechanisms is needed.
Low historical rates of cuckoldry in a Western European human population traced by Y-chromosome and genealogical data
Authors: Larmuseau M. H. D. , Vanoverbeke J. , Van Geystelen A. , Defraene G. , Vanderheyden N. , Matthys K. , Wenseleers T. , Decorte R. 
Published: October 2013

Recent evidence suggests that seeking out extra-pair paternity (EPP) can be a viable alternative reproductive strategy for both males and females in many pair-bonded species, including humans. Accurate data on EPP rates in humans, however, are scant and mostly restricted to extant populations. Here, we provide the first large-scale, unbiased genetic study of historical EPP rates in a Western European human population based on combining Y-chromosomal data to infer genetic patrilineages with genealogical and surname data, which reflect known historical presumed paternity. Using two independent methods, we estimate that over the last few centuries, EPP rates in Flanders (Belgium) were only around 1–2% per generation. This figure is substantially lower than the 8–30% per generation reported in some behavioural studies on historical EPP rates, but comparable with the rates reported by other genetic studies of contemporary Western European populations. These results suggest that human EPP rates have not changed substantially during the last 400 years in Flanders and imply that legal genealogies rarely differ from the biological ones. This result has significant implications for a diverse set of fields, including human population genetics, historical demography, forensic science and human sociobiology.
The metabolic cost of flagellar motion in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Martínez‐García Esteban , Nikel Pablo I. , Chavarría Max , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAlthough the flagellar machinery of environmental bacteria endows cells with a phenomenal survival device, it also consumes much of the metabolic currency necessary for fuelling such a vigorous nano‐motor. The physiological cost of flagella‐related functions of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was examined and quantified through the deletion of a ∼ 70 kb DNA segment of the genome (∼ 1.1%), which includes relevant structural and regulatory genes in this micro‐organism. The resulting strain lacked the protruding polar cords that define flagella in the wild‐type P. putida strain and was unable of any swimming motility while showing a significant change in surface hydrophobicity. However, these deficiencies were otherwise concomitant with clear physiological advantages: rapid adaptation of the deleted strain to both glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon sources, increased energy charge and, most remarkably, improved tolerance to oxidative stress, reflecting an increased NADPH/NADP+ ratio. These qualities improve the endurance of non‐flagellated cells to the metabolic fatigue associated with rapid growth in rich medium. Thus, flagellar motility represents the archetypal tradeoff involved in acquiring environmental advantages at the cost of a considerable metabolic burden.
Life with compass: diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Lin Wei , Bazylinski Dennis A. , Xiao Tian , Wu Long‐Fei , Pan Yongxin 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are unique in their ability to synthesize intracellular nano‐sized minerals of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes for magnetic orientation. Thus, they provide an excellent model system to investigate mechanisms of biomineralization. MTB play important roles in bulk sedimentary magnetism and have numerous versatile applications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and biotechnological and biomedical fields. Significant progress has been made in recent years in describing the composition of MTB communities and distribution through innovative cultivation‐dependent and ‐independent techniques. In this review, the most recent contributions to the field of diversity and biogeography of MTB are summarized and reviewed. Emphasis is on the novel insights into various factors/processes potentially affecting MTB community distribution. An understanding of the present‐day biogeography of MTB, and the ruling parameters of their spatial distribution, will eventually help us predict MTB community shifts with environmental changes and assess their roles in global iron cycling.