bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klokkenluiden en het belang van een open organisatiecultuur
Authors: Verhey L.F.M. 
Published: August 2015

Klokkenluiden en het belang van een open organisatiecultuur
In deze bijdrage wordt de problematiek van klokkenluiden in publieke organisaties besproken geplaatst tegen het bredere perspectief van politiek-ambtelijke verhoudingen. Het verschijnsel hangt nauw samen met enerzijds de politieke loyaliteit en anderzijds de professionaliteit van de ambtenaar. Klokkenluiden krijgt steeds meer een positief onthaal door de toegenomen betekenis van de vrijheid van meningsuiting, de toenemende wens tot openbaarheid, veranderde opvattingen over politiek en ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid en een toenemend wantrouwen in de overheid en instituties. Tegelijkertijd signaleert de auteur ook enkele risico’s aan klokkenluiden, zoals de schade voor de betreffende organisatie bij onzorgvuldig gebruik, de onmogelijkheid om het begrip ‘misstand’ helder te definiëren en, in relatie daarmee, het risico op onzuivere motieven bij klokkenluiden. Verder zijn er de gevolgen voor de verhoudingen binnen de organisatie en het miskennen van het gevaar van het naar buiten brengen van schadelijke informatie, voor het openbaar belang, maar ook voor de privacy van burgers. Deze risico’s moeten terdege onder ogen worden gezien. De auteur ziet wetgeving niet als belangrijkste antwoord op dit vraagstuk, maar ziet de oplossing veelal in aanhoudende aandacht voor de cultuur en omgangsvormen binnen een ambtelijke organisatie. Een open organisatiecultuur is de beste garantie dat klokkenluiden een incidenteel verschijnsel blijft.
De maatschappelijke kosten van conflicten: een modelmatige benadering
Authors: Brinkman Ivor 
Published: August 2015

A model to assess the macro-economic cost of conflicts in the Netherlands
The cost of conflicts in the Netherlands between civil parties or individuals and the government add up to more than 12 billion Euro. For this calculation, a framework has been developed to distinct between three cost categories: Subject (parties) cost, System cost (e.g. court) and Consequential cost. The latter category represents more than 50% of the total cost, the majority of which are born by commercial parties and employer. The government bears 12,5% of the total cost. The impact on insurance companies could not be estimated but is suspected to be substantial. It are these three parties who in concert should fund further investigation and develop initiatives to reduce the financial and human cost of conflicts. It is to be investigated which incentives are required to make this game change to take place.
Geschillencommissies in het Nederlandse onderwijs en het gelijk van een goed gesprek
Authors: Mertens Hilde 
Published: August 2015

Alternative dispute resolution in Dutch education and the usefulness of a proper dialogue
The Netherlands has a long history of alternative dispute resolution in the area of education. Recently, empirical research by ‘Onderwijsgeschillen’, the largest organization for dispute resolution in this field, has lead to the successful introduction of mediation in certain types of alternative conflict resolution. In this article, Hilde Mertens, managing director of Onderwijsgeschillen, describes this research, the practical implementation of its findings, and the positive impact of mediation in conflict resolution in education.
Coevolution of bed surface patchiness and channel morphology: 2. Numerical experiments
Authors: Nelson Peter A. , McDonald Richard R. , Nelson Jonathan M. , Dietrich William E. 
Published: August 2015

In gravel bed rivers, bed topography and the bed surface grain size distribution evolve simultaneously, but it is not clear how feedbacks between topography and grain sorting affect channel morphology. In this, the second of a pair of papers examining interactions between bed topography and bed surface sorting in gravel bed rivers, we use a two‐dimensional morphodynamic model to perform numerical experiments designed to explore the coevolution of both free and forced bars and bed surface patches. Model runs were carried out on a computational grid simulating a 200 m long, 2.75 m wide, straight, rectangular channel, with an initially flat bed at a slope of 0.0137. Over five numerical experiments, we varied (a) whether an obstruction was present, (b) whether the sediment was a gravel mixture or a single size, and (c) whether the bed surface grain size feeds back on the hydraulic roughness field. Experiments with channel obstructions developed a train of alternate bars that became stationary and were connected to the obstruction. Freely migrating alternate bars formed in the experiments without channel obstructions. Simulations incorporating roughness feedbacks between the bed surface and flow field produced flatter, broader, and longer bars than simulations using constant roughness or uniform sediment. Our findings suggest that patches are not simply a by‐product of bed topography, but they interact with the evolving bed and influence morphologic evolution.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Synthesis of δ‐Sultones via α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfonyl Azolium Intermediates
Authors: Ungureanu Andrei , Levens Alison , Candish Lisa , Lupton David W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA limited array of reactive intermediates have enabled a wealth of discoveries in N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. In this study, the viability of α,β‐unsaturated sulfonyl azoliums as double electrophiles in new reactions is examined. Specifically, the (3+3) annulation of such species with the trimethylsilyl enol ethers of various 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds has been developed. This reaction provides access to a range of novel unsaturated δ‐sultones (18 examples) in good yields (40–88 %) under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and the development of an enantioselective variant (55 % yield, 73:27 e.r.) support the intermediacy of an α,β‐unsaturated sulfonyl azolium species.
Modification of TiO2 Nanotubes with PtRu/Graphene Nanocomposites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Alammari Walaa , Govindhan Maduraiveeran , Chen Aicheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the key fundamental reactions that occur at electrocatalytic cathode surfaces for fuel cell applications. Herein, we report the development of a series of nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and PtRu nanoparticles with different atomic ratios of Pt/Ru deposited on titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) (termed as TiO2NT/rGO–PtRu) for the ORR. The TiO2NT/rGO–PtRu nanocomposites were prepared by using a facile one‐step electrochemical deposition, and characterized through field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our experimental results have shown that the synthesized TiO2NT/rGO–PtRu nanocomposite with a Pt/Ru ratio of 64:36 exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR with an onset potential of 0.58 V (vs. RHE) and a high stability, which is promising for environmental and green energy applications.
IGF-1 Regulates Vertebral Bone Aging Through Sex-Specific and Time-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Ashpole Nicole M , Herron Jacquelyn C , Mitschelen Matthew C , Farley Julie A , Logan Sreemathi , Yan Han , Ungvari Zoltan , Hodges Erik L , Csiszar Anna , Ikeno Yuji , Humphrey Mary Beth , Sonntag William E 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Advanced aging is associated with increased risk of bone fracture, especially within the vertebrae, which exhibit significant reductions in trabecular bone structure. Aging is also associated with a reduction in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Studies have suggested that the reduction in IGF-1 compromises healthspan, whereas others report that loss of IGF-1 is beneficial because it increases healthspan and lifespan. To date, the effect of decreases in circulating IGF-1 on vertebral bone aging has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we delineate the consequences of a loss of circulating IGF-1 on vertebral bone aging in male and female Igff/f mice. IGF-1 was reduced at multiple specific time points during the mouse lifespan: early in postnatal development (crossing albumin–cyclic recombinase [Cre] mice with Igff/f mice); and in early adulthood and in late adulthood using hepatic-specific viral vectors (AAV8-TBG-Cre). Vertebrae bone structure was analyzed at 27 months of age using micro–computed tomography (μCT) and quantitative bone histomorphometry. Consistent with previous studies, both male and female mice exhibited age-related reductions in vertebral bone structure. In male mice, reduction of circulating IGF-1 induced at any age did not diminish vertebral bone loss. Interestingly, early-life loss of IGF-1 in females resulted in a 67% increase in vertebral bone volume fraction, as well as increased connectivity density and increased trabecular number. The maintenance of bone structure in the early-life IGF-1–deficient females was associated with increased osteoblast surface and an increased ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor-activator of NF-κB-ligand (RANKL) levels in circulation. Within 3 months of a loss of IGF-1, there was a 2.2-fold increase in insulin receptor expression within the vertebral bones of our female mice, suggesting that local signaling may compensate for the loss of circulating IGF-1. Together, these data suggest the age-related loss of vertebral bone density in females can be reduced by modifying circulating IGF-1 levels early in life. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Doping behavior of GaN grown on patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Meisch Tobias , Zeller Raphael , Schörner Sabine , Thonke Klaus , Kirste Lutz , Fuchs Theo , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We present results of the investigation on the doping behavior of planar semipolar ‐oriented GaN grown on patterned sapphire substrates mainly focusing on the magnesium incorporation. We observed that Mg is incorporated with much lower efficiency into the plane as compared to polar c‐plane GaN. This problem could be decreased by varying the growth temperature. We found higher Mg concentrations with constant Mg flow for reduced growth temperature. Simultaneously, the parasitic background carrier concentration was reduced. Using this optimization, a planar semipolar InGaN/GaN‐LED on ‐oriented GaN was grown. Electroluminescence measurements show reasonable electrical and optical performance.
Usefulness of WISC-IV in Determining Intellectual Giftedness
Authors: Molinero Clara , Mata Sara , Calero Mª Dolores , García-Martín Mª Belén , Araque-Cuenca Arsenio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral studies question the usefulness of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) in determining giftedness due to the importance of speed in some of its subtests, which may penalize children of high intellectual level. This study analyzes the factor structure of the WISC-IV of gifted children based on confirmatory factor analysis. Participants were eighty-seven gifted children from Spain (6–13 years old). Score discrepancies were also examined for the main indexes: Verbal Comprehension, Processing Speed, Working Memory and Perceptual Organization. Results pointed out four models with a good fit from the five models analyzed: a two-factor model according to GAI subscales (RMSEA = .001,p= .84), a four-factor first-order model including main indexes (RMSEA = .05,p= .19), a four-factor model withgas a direct factor (RMSEA = .001,p= .84) and a four-factor model withgas an indirect higher-order factor (RMSEA = .05,p= .13). Discrepancies were found between Verbal Comprehension and Processing Speed, and between Perceptual Organization and Processing Speed. Verbal Comprehension yielded the highest score, whereas the lowest scores were obtained in Processing Speed and Working Memory. These results support the use of this scale in the assessment and diagnosis of Spanish children with a high intellectual level.
Piezotransistive transduction of femtoscale displacement for photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Talukdar Abdul , Faheem Khan M. , Lee Dongkyu , Kim Seonghwan , Thundat Thomas , Koley Goutam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMeasurement of femtoscale displacements in the ultrasonic frequency range is attractive for advanced material characterization and sensing, yet major challenges remain in their reliable transduction using non-optical modalities, which can dramatically reduce the size and complexity of the transducer assembly. Here we demonstrate femtoscale displacement transduction using an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistor-integrated GaN microcantilever that utilizes piezoelectric polarization-induced changes in two-dimensional electron gas to transduce displacement with very high sensitivity. The piezotransistor demonstrated an ultra-high gauge factor of 8,700 while consuming an extremely low power of 1.36 nW, and transduced external excitation with a superior noise-limited resolution of 12.43 fm Hz−1/2 and an outstanding responsivity of 170 nV fm−1, which is comparable to the optical transduction limits. These extraordinary characteristics, which enabled unique detection of nanogram quantity of analytes using photoacoustic spectroscopy, can be readily exploited in realizing a multitude of novel sensing paradigms.
Hydride bridge in [NiFe]-hydrogenase observed by nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Ogata Hideaki , Krämer Tobias , Wang Hongxin , Schilter David , Pelmenschikov Vladimir , van Gastel Maurice , Neese Frank , Rauchfuss Thomas B. , Gee Leland B. , Scott Aubrey D. , Yoda Yoshitaka , Tanaka Yoshihito , Lubitz Wolfgang , Cramer Stephen P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe metabolism of many anaerobes relies on [NiFe]-hydrogenases, whose characterization when bound to substrates has proven non-trivial. Presented here is direct evidence for a hydride bridge in the active site of the 57Fe-labelled fully reduced Ni-R form of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F [NiFe]-hydrogenase. A unique ‘wagging’ mode involving H− motion perpendicular to the Ni(μ-H)57Fe plane was studied using 57Fe-specific nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On Ni(μ-D)57Fe deuteride substitution, this wagging causes a characteristic perturbation of Fe–CO/CN bands. Spectra have been interpreted by comparison with Ni(μ-H/D)57Fe enzyme mimics [(dppe)Ni(μ-pdt)(μ-H/D)57Fe(CO)3]+ and DFT calculations, which collectively indicate a low-spin Ni(II)(μ-H)Fe(II) core for Ni-R, with H− binding Ni more tightly than Fe. The present methodology is also relevant to characterizing Fe–H moieties in other important natural and synthetic catalysts.
Crystal structure of fibrinogen-Aα peptide 1–23 (F8Y) bound to bovine thrombin explains why the mutation of Phe-8 to tyrosine strongly inhibits normal cleavage at Arg-16
Authors: MALKOWSKI Michael G. , MARTIN Philip D. , LORD Susan T. , EDWARDS Brian F. P. 
Published: August 2015

A peptide containing residues 1–50 of the Aα-chain of fibrinogen, expressed as a fusion peptide with β-galactosidase, is rapidly cleaved by thrombin at Arg-16, similarly to whole fibrinogen. When Phe-8, which is highly conserved, is replaced with tyrosine (F8Y), the cleavage is slowed drastically [Lord, Byrd, Hede, Wei and Colby (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 838–843]. To examine the structural basis for this result, we have determined the crystal structure of bovine thrombin complexed with a synthetic peptide containing residues 1–23 of fibrinogen Aα and the F8Y mutation. The crystals are in space group P43212, with unit-cell dimensions of a = 88.3 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm), c = 195.5 Å and two complexes in the asymmetric unit. The final R factor is 0.183 for 2σ data from 7.0 to 2.5 Å resolution. There is continuous density for the five residues in the P3, P2, P1, P1′ and P2′ positions of the peptide (Gly-14f to Pro-18f) at the active site of thrombin, and isolated but well-defined density for Tyr-8f at position P9 in the hydrophobic pocket of thrombin. The tyrosine residue is shifted relative to phenylalanine in the native peptide because the phenol side chain is larger and makes a novel, intrapeptide hydrogen bond with Gly-14f. Adjacent peptide residues cannot form the hydrogen bonds that stabilize the secondary structure of the native peptide. Consequently, the ‘reaction’ geometry at the scissile bond, eight residues from the mutation, is perturbed and the peptide is mostly uncleaved in the crystal structure.
Molecular cloning of cDNA species for rat and mouse liver α-methylacyl-CoA racemases
Authors: SCHMITZ Werner , HELANDER Heli M. , HILTUNEN J. Kalervo , CONZELMANN Ernst 
Published: August 2015

cDNA species coding for α-methylacyl-CoA racemase were cloned from rat and mouse liver cDNA libraries and characterized. The rat liver λgt11 cDNA expression library was screened with anti-racemase IgG [Schmitz, Albers, Fingerhut and Conzelmann (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 231, 815–822]. Several full-length clones were obtained that contained an open reading frame of 1083 bp, coding for a protein of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 39679 Da. The sequences of three peptides that were isolated by HPLC from a tryptic digest of purified rat liver racemase fully matched the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence. The cDNA coding for mouse racemase was cloned from a mouse liver λZAP cDNA expression library and sequenced. The coding region of 1080 bp codes for a 360-residue protein (molecular mass 39558 Da) that shares 89.7% similarity with the rat protein. Expression of the rat racemase as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli with the pTrcHisB-expression vector yielded enzymically active protein. The amino acid sequences of α-methylacyl-CoA racemases do not resemble any known sequence of β-oxidation or auxiliary enzymes, supporting the view of a highly diverse evolutionary origin of enzymes acting on fatty acyl-CoA S-esters.
Induction of matrix metalloproteinase activation cascades based on membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase: associated activation of gelatinase A, gelatinase B and collagenase 3
Authors: COWELL Susan , KNÄUPER Vera , STEWART Margaret L. , D'ORTHO Marie-Pia , STANTON Heather , HEMBRY Rosalind M. , LÓPEZ-OTÍN Carlos , REYNOLDS John J. , MURPHY Gillian 
Published: August 2015

SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells cultured in the presence of interleukin-1, concanavalin A or PMA secreted procollagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13). The enzyme was detected in the culture medium by Western blotting using a specific polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant human procollagenase 3. Oncostatin M enhanced the interleukin-1-induced production of procollagenase 3, whereas interleukin-4 decreased procollagenase 3 synthesis. The enzyme was latent except when the cells had been treated with concanavalin A, when a processed form of 48 kDa, which corresponds to the active form, was found in the culture medium and collagenolytic activity was detected by degradation of 14C-labelled type I collagen. The concanavalin A-induced activation of procollagenase 3 coincided with the processing of progelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase-2) by the cells, as measured by gelatin zymography. In addition, progelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase-9) was activated when gelatinase A and collagenase 3 were in their active forms. Concanavalin A treatment of SW1353 cells increased the amount of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase protein in the cell membranes, suggesting that this membrane-bound enzyme participates in an activation cascade involving collagenase 3 and the gelatinases. This cascade was effectively inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 and -3. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, which is a much weaker inhibitor of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase than tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 and -3 [Will, Atkinson, Butler, Smith and Murphy (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17119–17123], was a weaker inhibitor of the activation cascade.
Human mucin gene MUC4: organization of its 5′-region and polymorphism of its central tandem repeat array
Authors: NOLLET Séverine , MONIAUX Nicolas , MAURY Jacques , PETITPREZ Danièle , DEGAND Pierre , LAINE Anne , PORCHET Nicole , AUBERT Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2015

In a previous study we isolated a partial cDNA with a tandem repeat of 48 bp, which allowed us to map a novel human mucin gene named MUC4to chromosome 3q29. Here we report the organization and sequence of the 5´-region and its junction with the tandem repeat array of MUC4. Analysis of three overlapping genomic clones allowed us to obtain a partial restriction map of MUC4 and to locate the complete 48 bp tandem repeat domain on a PstI/EcoRI genomic fragment that exhibits a very large variation in number of tandem repeats (7–19 kb). cDNA clonal extension allowed us to obtain the entire 5´ coding region of MUC4. Exon 1 consists of a 5´ untranslated region and an 82 bp fragment encoding the signal peptide. This latter shows a high degree of similarity to the signal peptide of another apomucin, ASGP-1. Exon 2 is extremely large and contains a unique sequence that is followed by the whole tandem repeat domain. It encodes only one cysteine residue, making MUC4 different from mucin genes belonging to the 11p15.5 family. Moreover, an intron downstream from the tandem repeat array consists mainly of a 15 bp tandem repeat that exhibits a polymorphism in having a variable number of tandem repeats.
Differential effects of phorbol ester on growth and protein kinase C isoenzyme regulation in human hepatoma Hep3B cells
Authors: HSU Shih-Lan , CHOU Ya-Hui , YIN Sui-Chu , LIU Jer-Yuh 
Published: August 2015

PMA has both mitogenic and antiproliferative effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells. In response to low PMA concentration (10 nM), Hep3B cells displayed an increasing proliferation potentiation. At high PMA concentration (1 µM) Hep3B cells exhibited modest cytostatic effects. Determinations of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in PMA-treated cells revealed that alterations in PKC activity are associated with proliferative capacity. The decrease in PKC activity mediated by a high dose of PMA was accompanied by cell growth inhibition. Increases in PKC activity mediated by a low dose of PMA were consistent with proliferation stimulation. Immunoblot analysis showed that there are at least six PKC isoenzymes: α, δ, ε, µ, ζ and ι/λ, constitutively expressed in Hep3B cells. Cellular fractionation and immunocytochemical staining results demonstrated that both 10 nM and 1 µM PMA treatments induced a marked translocation of PKC-α from cytosol to membrane or nuclear fraction within 5–30 min. At the same time PKC-δ and ε were translocated from the membrane to nuclear fraction. In addition, prolonged treatment with 1 µM PMA, but not with 10 nM PMA, selectively mediated the down-regulation of these three PKC isoenzymes. The distinct effects of different concentrations of PMA on cell proliferation and PKC-α, δ and ε isoenzyme modulation support the involvement of these three PKC isotypes in the mechanism of action of Hep3B cells in cell growth events.