bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain at the internal cervical os assessed with quasi-static elastography is associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery at ≤34 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hernandez-Andrade Edgar , Garcia Maynor , Ahn Hyunyoung , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Saker Homam , Yeo Lami , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the association between cervical strain assessed with quasi-static elastography and spontaneous preterm delivery.Quasi-static elastography was used to estimate cervical strain in 545 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies from 11 weeks to 28 weeks of gestation. Cervical strain was evaluated in one sagittal plane and in the cross-sectional planes of the internal cervical os and external cervical os. The distribution of strain values was categorized into quartiles for each studied region and their association with spontaneous preterm delivery at ≤34 weeks and at <37 weeks of gestation was evaluated using logistic regression.The prevalence of spontaneous preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation was 8.2% (n=45), and that at ≤34 weeks of gestation was 3.8% (n=21). Strain in the internal cervical os was the only elastography value associated with spontaneous preterm delivery. Women with strain values in the 3Increased strain in the internal cervical os is associated with higher risk of spontaneous preterm delivery both at ≤34 and <37 weeks of gestation.
Internationaler Konsens zur ANA-Bestimmung – was ändert sich im deutschen Sprachraum?
Authors: Herold Manfred , Klotz Werner , Demel Ulrike , Endler Georg , Forster Ernst , Griesmacher Andrea , Hofmann Jörg , Hübner Christina , Steiner Günter , Wagner Sonja , Sack Ulrich , Conrad Karsten 
Published: March 2015

Zusammenfassung
2014 wurden in Zusammenarbeit von zwei großen internationalen Expertengruppen Empfehlungen zur Bestimmung von Autoantikörpern gegen zelluläre Antigene, herkömmlich als antinukleäre Antikörper bezeichnet, herausgegeben. Die Empfehlungen wurden in einer 25 Punkte umfassenden Tabelle zusammengefasst und in einer weiteren Tabelle jene Muster beschrieben, die von einem Autoimmunlabor erkannt werden sollten. Internationale Empfehlungen haben für zertifizierte Labore Gültigkeit und erfordern ein Überdenken des analytischen Vorgehens. Die österreichische Arbeitsgruppe für Autoimmundiagnostik (http://www.easi-network.com) hat sich auf einen Konsens geeinigt, wie im deutschen Sprachraum diese 2014 veröffentlichten Empfehlungen umgesetzt werden könnten.
Crystal structure of (6E)-2-[(ortho-hydroxy)benzylidene]-1-[4,5-dihydro- 5-(ortho-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazo-2-yl-4-isoproylidenonium]- hydrazine chloride, C18H19ClN4O2S
Authors: Schmitt Bonell , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C18H19ClN4O2S, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 15.771(4) Å, b = 11.101(3) Å, c = 22.072(6) Å, β = 101.986(9)°, V = 3780.0 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0551, wRref(F2) = 0.1538, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of cis bis(4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazol-5-one)- cis bis(methanol)-cobalt(II), C36H34CoN4O6
Authors: Idemudia Omoruyi G. , Sadimenko Alexander P. , Hosten Eric C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C36H34CoN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.9021(5) Å, b = 13.9557(5) Å, c = 17.3379(6) Å, β = 101.254(2)°, V = 3299.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0316, wRref(F2) = 0.0869, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (μ2-oxo)-dioxo-bis(N,N’-2- hydroxypropylenebis( salicylideneimine)-κ4N,N’,O,O’)-di-rhenium(V) ethanol solvate, C38H44N4O11Re2
Authors: Habarurema Gratien , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C38H44N4O11Re2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.2062(7) Å, b = 10.3724(7) Å, c = 10.4524(7) Å, α = 93.597(2)°, β = 118.678(2)°, γ = 97.337(2)°, V = 953.0 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0181, wRref(F2) = 0.0414, T = 200 K.
Olfactory mucosa: a rich source of cell therapy for central nervous system repair
Authors: Duan Da , Lu Ming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDamage to the brain and spinal cord leads to permanent functional disability because of the very limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) for repair. Cell therapy is thought to be a promising strategy for CNS repair. The proper cell type of transplantation for CNS repair has not been identified until now, but autologous transplantation would be advantageous. The olfactory mucosa (OM), from the olfactory system, in which the neurosensory cells are replaced throughout adult life, is thought to be a rich source of cell therapy for CNS repair. The OM is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of cells supporting both normal function and regenerative capacity, in which many studies focused on four major types of cells, including horizontal basal cells (HBCs), globose basal cells (GBC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Here, we review the four major types of cells in the OM and shed light on the potential of the OM for CNS repair.
Subchronic exposure to arsenic induces apoptosis in the hippocampus of the mouse brains through the Bcl‐2/Bax pathway
Authors: Wang Yachen , Bai Canming , Guan Huai , Chen Ruolin , Wang Xiaoxu , Wang Bingwen , Jin Hetian , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: March 2015

Subchronic exposure to arsenic induces apoptosis in the hippocampus of the mouse brains through the Bcl‐2/Bax pathway: Yachen Wang, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, P.R. ChinaObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify whether arsenic (As) exposure could induce hippocampal neural apoptosis in vivo.MethodsSixty‐four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 16 each. Group 1 orally received drinking water alone as a control. Groups 2−4 were given arsenic trioxide (As2O3) orally at the doses of 1 ppm, 2 ppm and 4 ppm, respectively. All the treatments continued for 60 days. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed by HE staining. Apoptosis in the hippocampus was examined by TUNEL assay and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax genes and their proteins in the hippocampus were determined by realtime PCR and Western blotting. The activity of caspase‐3 was determined by spectrophotometry.ResultsAbnormal histopathological changes and apoptosis were found in the hippocampus of As‐exposed mice. The expressions of the Bcl‐2 gene and its protein in the hippocampus of As‐exposed mice were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). However, the expressions of the Bax gene and its protein, and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 in the hippocampus were significantly higher in the groups exposed to As than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the activity of caspase‐3 in the hippocampus of mice exposed to As was higher than that in the control (p<0.05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that subchronic exposure to As induces apoptosis in the hippocampus of mice by disturbing normal Bax/Bcl‐2 regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, it is suggested that the induced apoptosis in the hippocampus may be at least partly responsible for As‐induced neurotoxicity.
Study of the Interface/Bonding of Boron Nitride (BN) Nanocomposites
Authors: Morales-Cruz Angel L. , Hurst Janet , Santiago Diana 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), an analogue of carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most used non-metallic materials in high technology applications related to thin film fabrications. Taking advantage of their unique properties such as electrically non-conductive, thermally conductive, and high hardness, it has been used in high-temperature electronic devices, multifunctional aerospace materials, and structures and electric and aerospace systems. The main goal of this project was to use BNNTs in the fabrication of nano epoxycomposites to enhance their thermal and mechanical properties to use it for applications in aerospace constituents. In order to accomplish this goal, BNNTs were functionalized with isopherone diisocyante (IPDC). Surface analysis techniques were employed to ensure the modification BNNTs and study the interface of the reinforced composites before and after the modification. Mechanical and thermal conductivity testing was performed in order to understand the quality of the composites. Three different nanocomposites were accomplished with hBN and BNNTs using two different epoxy polymers and three curing agents. The systems EPON 862/Curing Agent W/ (hBN or BNNTs) have Tgs and tan deltas higher compared with those fabricated at the same conditions without nanoparticles. The fabricated BN composites showed improved physical properties due to their particle dispersion and boron nitrite intermolecular interactions with the epoxy polymer.
Contact hole shrink and multiplication by directed self-assembly of block copolymers: from material to integration
Authors: Tiron Raluca , Chevalier Xavier , Gharbi Ahmed , Argoud Maxime , Pimenta-Barros Patricia , Maret Mireille , Gergaud Patrice , Terlier Tanguy , Barnes Jean-Paul , Navarro Christophe , Fleury Guillaume , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDensity multiplication of patterned templates by directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) stands out as a promising alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional lithography. Using the 300mm pilot line available in LETI and Arkema’s materials, the main objective is to integrate DSA directly into the conventional CMOS lithography process in order to achieve high resolution and pattern density multiplication at a low cost. Thus we investigate the potential of DSA to address contact and via level patterning by performing either CD shrink or contact multiplication. Our approach is based on the graphoepitaxy of PS-b-PMMA block copolymers. Lithographic performances of block copolymers are evaluated both for contact shrink and contact doubling. Furthermore, advanced characterization technics are used to monitor in-film self-assembly process. These results show that DSA has a high potential to be integrated directly into the conventional CMOS lithography process in order to achieve high resolution contact holes.
Using Fatigue-Failure Envelope for Cement-Sheath-Integrity Evaluation
Authors: Shadravan Arash , Schubert Jerome , Amani Mahmood , Teodoriu Catalin 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Tensile and shear failures are two common cement-sheath failure criteria. Tensile failure occurs when a stress on the cement surpasses the tensile strength of the cement, and shear failure happens when a stress exceeds the shear strength of the cement. The objective of this study is to introduce a laboratory method that investigates the effects of fatigue (cyclical loading) on the cement sheath. Chances of cement-sheath failure also increase when the application involves high-pressure/high-temperature conditions; therefore, this test setup is rated to 25,000 psi and 450°F. In this method, fatigue-failure cycle and stress magnitude could reveal the extent of the fatigue tolerance of different slurry designs relative to each other. One could program and adjust casing pressure (Pi), pore pressure (PP), temperature, cycle intervals, and ramp rates to conduct a cyclical-loading test automatically.
Failures caused by thermal and stress loading may occur as a result of temperature and pressure-induced stresses created by well events such as hydraulic fracturing, cyclic steam injection, steam-assisted gravity drainage, production, completion, or remedial treatments. Thermal and stress cycles could impose a risk to zonal isolation and lead to a delay in hydrocarbon production. Studying such effects could be helpful in developing a better understanding of the cement-sheath-failure threshold and, in fact, could be complementary to mechanical-properties measurement. The cement sheath fails after a certain number of cycles when reaching its fatigue-endurance limit. This research showcases examples in which the fatigue-failure cycles were identified for 1,000-, 2,000-, and 5,000-psi pressure differentials between the pore pressure (exposed to the outside of the sheath) and the casing pressure. For these experiments, the pore pressure and temperature were held constant at 15,000 psi and 330°F whereas the casing pressure varied cyclically between 15,000 and 16,000 psi (Set A), 17,000 psi (Set B), and 20,000 psi (Set C).
Challenges in Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment for Shale Development
Authors: Boyd Heather 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The rapid pace of shale development in the United States raises a number of environmental concerns such as habitat fragmentation, loss of biodiversity, depletion of water resources and degradation of water resources and air quality. A Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) was completed for shale development activities in a North American shale play. The SEIA focused on environmental impacts associated with the proponent's current and future operations over a five-year period.
The objectives of the study were to establish environmental baseline through desktop research and GIS mapping and to assess environmental impacts to physical, biological and cultural resources at a high level and independent of regulatory context. Recommendations for avoidance or mitigation were integrated into a management plan.
The SEIA addressed a range of activities including construction, drilling and completions and operations. A series of environmental hazard identification (ENVID) workshops were held to aid in the identification and assessment of environmental impacts.
Applying a strategic EIA approach to full field development posed some challenges and lessons learned, but has ultimately come to serve as an important tool in helping to shape environmental management programs for operations across a widespread area with the potential to impact a number of sensitive resources. The approach could be applied to other shale operations to define an environmental footprint, characterize baseline conditions, assess impacts, and develop strategic recommendations for proactive environmental management as well as planning for future development and operational decisions.
Geomechanics of Lost-Circulation Events and Wellbore-Strengthening Operations
Authors: Mehrabian Amin , Jamison Dale E. , Teodorescu Sorin Gabriel 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Lost circulation, a major complication of drilling operations, is commonly treated by adding materials of various types, shapes, and particle-size distributions to the drilling mud. Generally known as wellbore strengthening, this technique often helps the operator to drill with higher mud gradients compared with that suggested by the conventional fracture-gradient or borehole-fracture-limit analysis. The underlying mechanisms through which a wellbore is strengthened, however, are not yet fully understood.
This study explores these wellbore-strengthening mechanisms through an analytical solution to the related solid-mechanics model of the wellbore and its adjacent fractures. The provided solution is generic in that it takes into account the mechanical interaction of multiple fractures between one another and the wellbore under an arbitrary state of in-situ stress anisotropy. An additional generality in this solution arises from its unification and quantification of some solid-mechanics aspects of the previous hypotheses that have been published on the subject—i.e., stress cage, as well as the tip isolation and its effect on the fracture-propagation resistance.
In relation to the stress-cage theory, the study investigates the wellbore-hoop-stress enhancement upon fracturing. The findings indicate that the induced hoop stress is significant at some regions near the wellbore, especially in the general vicinity of the fracture(s). However, given the strong dependency of wellbore stress on the mechanical and geometrical parameters of the problem, generalizing these results to the entire region around the wellbore may not always be trivial. The study also examines tip isolation, a common feature of fracture-closure and propagation-resistance hypotheses, through the analysis of partially reduced fracture pressures and a breakdown criterion, defined by the critical stress-intensity factor of the formation rock.
Numerical Modeling of In-Situ Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure from Inversion of Wireline Formation Tester Data
Authors: Cig Koksal , Ayan Cosan , Kristensen Morten , Mackay Eric 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Measuring relative permeabilities and capillary pressures on core samples in the laboratory is both a lengthy and costly process. Wireline formation testers (WFT) are routinely used in the field to measure pressures and collect fluid samples. Commonly available data from WFT operations carry information about the multiphase flow properties of the formation. By utilizing in-situ WFT measurements together with a flow model and an optimization engine, we propose in this paper a new methodology for estimation of relative permeability and capillary pressure (PC).
The proposed methodology consists of a numerical forward model describing the mud filtrate invasion and fluid sampling processes while accurately accounting for WFT tool geometry and internal tool storage and fluid segregation effects. The forward model is embedded in an optimization workflow where relative permeabilities, capillary pressures, damage skin, and depth of mud filtrate invasion are estimated by minimizing a misfit function between measured and modeled pressures and water-cuts. The relative permeability and PC curves are parameterized using industry accepted models. The optimization workflow uses a distribution function of response parameters where the entire parameter range is included in the numerical runs, thus ensuring that a global optimum is found. Initial parameter estimates are determined from open-hole logs, such as resistivity, dielectric, nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as from pressure transient analysis.
The methodology developed in this paper is validated by application to a synthetic dataset with a known solution, and it is subsequently demonstrated on actual field data from a WFT sampling operation. The results of this paper demonstrate that it is possible to reliably estimate multiphase flow properties from WFT sampling data. The key contributions of this study are to show the capability of estimating a variety of multiphase flow properties from in-situ WFT cleanup measurements and to establish an automated approach, including a novel inversion methodology, to reduce the turnaround time.
Assessing the Evidence for e-Resources for Mental Health Self-Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Karasouli Eleni , Adams Ann 
Published: March 2015

Background
In a climate which recognizes mental health as a key health improvement target, but where mental health services are increasingly over-stretched, self-management e-resources can play a potentially important role in helping to ensure people get the care and support they need. They have the potential to enable individuals to learn more about, and to exercise active involvement in, their care, and thus we see a growing interest in this area for both research and practice. However, for e-resources to become important adjuncts to clinical care, it is necessary to understand if and how they impact on patients and care outcomes.

Objective
The objective of this study was to review systematically the research evidence for theory-driven and evidence-based mental health self-management e-resources; and make recommendations about strengthening the future evidence base.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted. No limits to study design were applied. We did not restrict the types of Web-based technologies included, such as websites and mobile applications, so long as they met the study inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis of data was performed to elaborate both the development and effectiveness of online resources.

Results
In total, 2969 abstracts were identified. Of those, 8 papers met the inclusion criteria. Only one randomized controlled trial was identified. The e-resources were aimed at self-management of bipolar disorder, depression, or general mental health problems. Some of the e-resources were intended to be used as prevention aids, whereas others were recovery orientated.

Conclusions
Mental health self-management e-resources have the potential to be widely effective, but our review shows it is early days in terms of development of the evidence base for them. To build robust evidence, clear guidelines are needed on the development and reporting of e-resources, so that both developers and researchers maximize the potential of a new, but rapidly evolving area.
Interplay of Rhizome and Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Tillmanns Tanja , Holland Charlotte , Lorenzi Francesca , McDonagh Pierre 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
One of the central challenges within education for sustainable development (ESD) is in empowering learners to reframe mindsets, particularly those that result in unsustainable behaviours and/or actions. This paper introduces the concept of rhizome articulated by Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and proposes that it can act as a framework for re-conceptualising processes of ESD. Key constructs within the rhizome, such as assemblages, nomadism, war machines and lines of flights, are discussed to highlight their relevance to ESD. The principles of the rhizome (connection, heterogeneity, multiplicity, signifying rupture, cartography and decalcomania) are then examined in the context of six processes necessary for effective ESD outlined by Tilbury (2011), namely, collaboration, dialogue, ‘whole system’ engagement, innovation within curricula, teaching and learning and active and participatory learning. The final section critically considers how this weaving of rhizomatic principles with the processes of ESD impacts on educating for sustainability. The rhizome has the potential to inspire educators and learners alike to become more critically aware of the interconnectivity and disruptive influences within sustainability. In this regard, the discussion ends by concluding that the reconceptualisation of ESD as rhizome or rhizomatic can foster an ontological shift towards perceiving the nature of reality as complex interconnected multiplicities.
Envisioning the Future: Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Iliško Dzintra , Skrinda Astrīda , Mičule Ilona 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Education is a future-facing activity. Therefore, universities need to engage students in building alternative and preferable future scenarios and reveal features of unsustainability, as well as open spaces for students to participate in discussions and negotiate new meanings. This paper reveals the future visions bachelor’s and master’s degree students from one of the regional universities in eastern Latvia have of education and focuses on a sustainability analysis (sustainable and unsustainable) of societal aspects and education. The authors conclude that thinking about preferred futures make students more aware of the positive changes that could be made and their personal responsibility to contribute to these changes. In this connection, the need to take a broad, integrated and holistic view of the future and its social and personal significance is of utmost importance.