bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure-enabled phonon engineering in metals
Authors: Lanzillo Nicholas A. , Thomas Jay B. , Watson Bruce , Washington Morris , Nayak Saroj K. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Understanding the pressure response of the electrical properties of metals provides a fundamental way of manipulating material properties for potential device applications. In particular, the electrical resistivity of a metal, which is an intrinsic property determined primarily by the interaction strength between electrons and collective lattice vibrations (phonons), can be reduced when the metal is pressurized. In this article, we show that first-principles calculations of the resistivity, as well as experimental measurements using a solid media piston–cylinder apparatus, predict a significant reduction in the electrical resistivity of aluminum and copper when subject to high pressure due primarily to the reduction in the electron–phonon interaction strength. This study suggests innovative ways of controlling transport phenomena in metals.
How Secular is European Secularism?
Authors: Bhargava Rajeev 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
European Secularism, one of the many versions of secularism available in the world, was developed in the context predominantly of single-religion societies, after a great deal of religious homogenization had already taken place. It was and remains a modest secularism. However, with the migration of workers from former colonies and the intensification of globalization, pre-Christian (Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain) and post-Christian faiths (Islam and Sikhism) have been thrown together for the first time in modern Europe creating an unprecedented diversity the like of which has not been witnessed in Europe under conditions of modernity. This has destabilized European secular states and the conception of secularism that underpins them. European Secularism is in crisis for as it now turns out it is not quite secular enough.
Cyclotomic Carter-Payne homomorphisms
Authors: Lyle Sinéad , Mathas Andrew 
Published: June 2014

We construct a new family of homomorphisms between (graded) Specht modules of the quiver Hecke algebras of type

A
A

. These maps have many similarities with the homomorphisms constructed by Carter and Payne in the special case of the symmetric groups, although the maps that we obtain are both more and less general than these.
Introduction
Authors: Conway Colleen M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This introduction begins by locating qualitative research in music education within the larger field of qualitative research in social sciences and humanities research, within qualitative research in education, and within music education research in general. The middle section then explains the scope and organization of this Handbook and examines challenges for authors within each of the five parts of the book. The introduction connects these Handbook chapters to key characteristics of music education qualitative research and assist readers with developing criteria for evaluating qualitative research. The chapter then considers what is potentially missing from the Handbook and concludes with acknowledgment of those who assisted with publications in a variety of ways.
Collecting and Analyzing Focus Group Data
Authors: Erős John 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses the collection and analysis of data obtained through focus group interviews. Building off earlier discussions of individual qualitative interviewing, the chapter discusses the methodological, theoretical, and logistical issues connected with conducting focus group interviews. These include such items as the different role played by the interviewer in a focus group interview as opposed to an individual interview, group dynamics, and issues of confidentiality. The chapter discusses research in music education that has employed focus group interviews, proposes ways in which focus group interviews may be used in the future, and discusses the emerging potential of technology to impact focus group interviews.
Collecting, Generating, and Analyzing Multimodal and Multimedia Data
Authors: Tobias Evan S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter addresses collecting, generating, and analyzing data contextualized through two key aspects of contemporary society and research: 1) the notion of multimodality as a way of expanding beyond text as the sole or primary way of situating, recording, and analyzing data and 2) the mediation of research through digital media and technology. Each section situates qualitative research as occurring within an increasingly digitized society, where even phenomena and data unconnected to technology might be understood through digitally mediated research methods. The potential for leveraging multimedia and multimodal data to better understand existing and evolving musical engagement is explored in depth. The chapter addresses possibilities and challenges related to developing systems and strategies for generating, archiving, organizing, accessing, and analyzing data ranging from video clips to participant-created imagery. Potential future developments and directions related to technology, digital media, and qualitative data are also explored.
Software to Interrogate Qualitative Data in Music Education
Authors: Webster Peter R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Using music-making as data is a potentially rich but underexplored topic in American music educational research. If music-making is a matter of musical knowledge-in-action (Elliott, 1995), then it makes sense that music education researchers would collect and analyze music-making data to provide important insights into the music learning process as well as the very nature and impact of music-making. However, music education researchers who plan to use music-making data are largely left to their own devices, as this is seldom addressed as a separate topic in research books. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the uses of music-making as data in qualitative research in American music education and to offer suggestions about how to collect music-in-the-moment data (process-of-music-making data; product-of-music-making data; and meanings-of-music-making data) and analyze music-making data for different purposes (verbal and nonverbal interactions; musical and nonmusical responses; and social interactions/connections and individual responses).
Instrumental Music (Winds, Brass, Percussion)
Authors: West Chad 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The first qualitative study examining American school band programs appeared in 1980 as an article in the Journal of Band Research that described the characteristics of five college band directors. Since that first study, approximately 50 published qualitative studies have addressed American school band programs. This chapter explores the qualitative band studies published as dissertations and journal articles from 1980 through 2011. The first part of this chapter, “Teaching Band,” presents findings related specifically to documenting band teaching practices, jazz band, teaching students with special needs, composition, band students’ learning, and band student perspectives. The second part of this chapter, “Beyond Teaching Band,” presents findings from studies that have explored broad facets of band programs such as the social aspects of band, gender, adult learners, histories, and the lives of band directors.
Instrumental Music (Strings)
Authors: Berg Margaret H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter is a review of extant research on American stringed instrument instruction, study, performance, and curriculum. The chapter is divided into four sections—teachers, students, professional/amateur performers, and school orchestra and alternative styles programs and curriculum. Topics addressed in the first section include teacher socialization and lived experience, as well as studio, school, and chamber music teaching models. The second section includes a review of research on student practice, retention, musical experience description, self-efficacy, and varied school and extracurricular performance experiences. In the third section, research on professional or amateur performer skill, identity, or self-efficacy development, improvisational thinking, and socialization is reviewed. Research reviewed in the fourth section is focused on school orchestra program development, varied ensemble offerings and unique peer tutoring, concert, parent class, composition, and alternative styles programs. The chapter concludes with an analysis of topic frequency distribution, as well as suggestions for future research and increased methodological rigor.
World Musics and Cultural Diversity in the Music Classroom and the Community
Authors: Miralis Yiannis 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Qualitative research has been significantly used for investigating complex and multifaceted issues regarding cultural diversity and the use of world musics in the school and the community. This article explores such qualitative studies that occurred in the United States or Canada and were published from 1980 to 2011. Included are 38 studies, which are presented chronologically and alphabetically within the following six categories: (a) elementary school (Gr. 1-5); (b) middle school (Gr. 6-8); (c) high school (Gr. 9-12); (d) higher education; (e) an unclear or combined educational level (elementary-university); and (f) a community context. These studies focused on the rich and diverse views and experiences of teachers, students, and administrators with regard to cultural diversity and the teaching of world musics; examined exemplary teaching approaches, ensembles, and programs; explored innovative approaches in music teacher education; and brought attention to issues of cultural identity, culturally responsive teaching, and antiracial pedagogy.
Ethics and Qualitative Research in Music Education
Authors: Birk Judith M. , Shindledecker Cynthia S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Qualitative researchers in the field of music education interact with research participants and perform data collection in a variety of settings and formats. The ethical conduct of research is paramount in all circumstances, but the nature of external regulatory oversight varies with the research design. This chapter considers the basis for regulatory oversight found in the Common Rule, discusses when ethical review by an institutional review board (IRB) is necessary, and includes information on working effectively with an IRB. The chapter also discusses the importance of defining the role of the qualitative researcher, especially when the researcher may be a music educator working with his or her own students. Finally, vignettes are provided to guide qualitative researchers in considering various aspects of participant protections, including strategies for informed consent and issues associated with the protection of privacy and confidentiality, where a breach may constitute the primary risk for research participants.
Future Possibilities for Qualitative Research in Music Education
Authors: Barrett Janet R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter sketches out some of the challenges and opportunities facing qualitative research in music education. It proposes seven future directions: “strong purposes,” in which qualitative research will attain greater clarity in aligning research activities with wisely chosen and pressing aims; “strong footings,” in which it will attend more closely to the epistemological coherence of theoretical and analytical frameworks; “new realms,” in which it will situate inquiry in new contexts, engaging new voices, and pursuing compelling new realms of study; “new affordances,” in which it will utilize new affordances of technology and social media as strategic tools and environments for qualitative work; “resonance and rigor,” in which it will seek greater resonance and rigor through attending to writing and scholarly critique; “community,” in which it will integrate the community of qualitative researchers in order to build professional capacity and collaborative power; and “expanding the reach” of its impact on practitioners, scholars, and communities.
Violent, Nonviolent, and Prosocial Gaming Effects on Teens’ Civic Engagement
Authors: Anderson Craig A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Data from the Pew Internet & American Life Project (Lenhart et al., 2008) on teens’ gaming habits, civic engagement attitudes and behaviors, and family characteristics tested two general hypotheses: (1) that gaming effects on civic engagement and behavior would vary as a function of amount of exposure to different game types (violent vs. nonviolent) and (2) that such effects would be moderated by parental involvement. Relevant data were provided by 821 youths (12 to 17 years of age) and their parents. Path analyses showed that violent gaming was negatively associated with attitudes toward civic engagement and civic engagement behavior even after controlling for participant gender, age, social connectedness, internet use, parent education, parent involvement in the gaming decision, and parent civic engagement. Prosocial and nonviolent gaming were positively associated with civic attitudes and behavior. Youth civic engagement was also predicted by social connectedness and parent civic engagement. Parent involvement moderated the violent gaming effects.
Cybercrime
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Bossler Adam M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCriminological research exploring the phenomena of cybercrime and technology-enabled offending has increased dramatically over the last two decades, examining changes in offender behavior, victim characteristics, and the applicability of existing theories for these crimes. There is no systematic assessment of this literature or the gaps in our knowledge that require careful measurement and analysis. This study explores the evolution of the term cybercrime and the range of activities that fall into this category of offending, including computer hacking, malware, piracy, fraud, pornography, prostitution, cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and cyberterrorism. The challenges inherent in measuring these offenses and pertinent theoretical and empirical issues are examined in depth.
Bowel Preparation for Pediatric Colonoscopy
Authors: Pall Harpreet , Zacur George M. , Kramer Robert E. , Lirio Richard A. , Manfredi Michael , Shah Manoj , Stephen Thomas C. , Tucker Neil , Gibbons Troy E. , Sahn Benjamin , McOmber Mark , Friedlander Joel , Quiros J.A. , Fishman Douglas S. , Mamula Petar 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPediatric bowel preparation protocols used before colonoscopy vary greatly, with no identified standard practice. The present clinical report reviews the evidence for several bowel preparations in children and reports on their use among North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition members. Publications in the pediatric literature for bowel preparation regimens are described, including mechanisms of action, efficacy and ease of use, and pediatric studies. A survey distributed to pediatric gastroenterology programs across the country reviews present national practice, and cleanout recommendations are provided. Finally, further areas for research are identified.
Clinical and Mucosal Improvement With Specific Carbohydrate Diet in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Cohen Stanley A. , Gold Benjamin D. , Oliva Salvatore , Lewis Jeffery , Stallworth Angela , Koch Bailey , Eshee Laura , Mason David 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate clinical and mucosal responses to the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) in children with Crohn disease (CD).Methods:Eligible patients with active CD (Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [PCDAI] ≥ 15) underwent a patency capsule and, if passed intact, capsule endoscopy (CE) was performed. Patients taking SCD were monitored for 52 weeks while maintaining all prescribed medications. Demographic, dietary, and clinical information, PCDAI, Harvey‐Bradshaw Index (HBI), and Lewis score (LS) were collected at 0, 12, and 52 weeks. CEs were evaluated by an experienced reader blinded to patient clinical information and timing.Results:Sixteen patients were screened; 10 enrolled; and 9 completed the initial 12‐week trial—receiving 85% of estimated caloric needs before, and 101% on the SCD. HB significantly decreased from 3.3 ± 2.0 to 0.6 ± 1.3 (P = 0.007) as did PCDAI (21.1 ± 5.9 to 7.8 ± 7.1, P = 0.011). LS declined significantly from 2153 ± 732 to 960 ± 433 (P = 0.012). Seven patients continued the SCD up to 52 weeks; HB (0.1 ± 0.4) and PCDAI (5.4 ± 5.5) remained improved (P = 0.016 and 0.027 compared to baseline), with mean LS at 1046 ± 372 and 2 patients showed sustained mucosal healing.Conclusions:Clinical and mucosal improvements were seen in children with CD, who used SCD for 12 and 52 weeks. In addition, CE can monitor mucosal improvement in treatment trials for pediatric CD. Further studies are critically needed to understand the mechanisms underlying SCD's effectiveness in children with CD.
Health‐Related Quality of Life Over Time in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Their Families
Authors: Klinnert Mary D. , Silveira Lori , Harris Rachel , Moore Wendy , Atkins Dan , Fleischer David M. , Menard‐Katcher Calies , Aceves Seema , Spergel Jonathan M. , Franciosi James P. , Furuta Glenn T. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Existing treatments for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) effectively reduce inflammation. The impact of treatment on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) over time for pediatric patients with EoE and their families, however, has not been systematically assessed. We hypothesized that individualized multidisciplinary treatment would improve both child and family HRQoL over time, with improvements associated with decreased symptom severity.Methods:Children with EoE treated in 4 tertiary care centers were enrolled. Baseline assessments occurred at the time of patients' first evaluation; follow‐up assessments occurred at 2 and 6 months after baseline. Presence and severity of 8 EoE symptoms were measured. HRQoL was measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory parent proxy report, child self‐report (CR), and Family Impact Module (FIM). Statistical analyses used mixed‐effects modeling to test changes over time for child and family HRQoL.Results:Ninety‐seven children were enrolled (ages 2–18 years, mean age 7.7 years ± 4.8, 78% boys, 80% white). Baseline mean symptom number was 3.5 (standard deviation 2.3), and symptom severity was 5.5 (standard deviation, 4.5). HRQoL scores were significantly related to symptom scores (P < 0.001). EoE symptom severity decreased during the study (P = 0.03). Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory parent proxy Total and FIM Total scores improved from baseline to 6 months (respectively, adjusted means 78.4 vs 81.0, P = 0.0006; 68.9 vs 70.1, P = 0.03). Interactions with baseline symptom severity revealed that subjects with lowest symptom severity showed the most improved HRQoL scores (P = 0.0013).Conclusions:HRQoL improved during the course of evaluation and treatment, with positive changes being strongest for patients with less symptom severity at baseline.
Impact of Snacking Pattern on Overweight and Obesity Risk in a Cohort of 11‐ to 13‐Year‐Old Adolescents
Authors: Bo Simona , De Carli Luca , Venco Elena , Fanzola Ilaria , Maiandi Maria , De Michieli Franco , Durazzo Marilena , Beccuti Guglielmo , Cavallo‐Perin Paolo , Ghigo Ezio , Ganzit Gian P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The association between snacking habits and overweight in adolescents is unclear. We evaluated the relation between snacking patterns and overweight/obesity in a cohort of 11‐ to 13‐year‐old Italian adolescents.Methods:The dietary habits of 400 randomly selected adolescents were evaluated; those with body mass index ≥85th percentile were considered as overweight/obese. Participants were classified based on the percentage of caloric intake from snacks (<15%, 15%–20%, >20%), snacking frequency (1, 2, ≥3), and timing of consuming the most caloric snack (morning, afternoon, evening).Results:A minority of participants (13/400, 3.3%) did not consume any snacks; 5/13 (38.5) of them were overweight/obese. Among snackers (387/400), overweight/obesity prevalence was 10.4%, 14.4%, 20.5%, respectively, in those consuming <15%, 15% to 10%, and >20% of their energy intake from snacks. In a Poisson regression model, the overweight/obesity relative risks (RRs) were 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–3.15) and 2.32 (1.10–4.89) for 15% to 20% and >20% calories/day from snacks, respectively. Overweight/obesity prevalence (from 9.6% to 22.6%) was correlated with snacking frequency (RR 2.20, 95% CI 0.92–5.27, and RR 4.17, 95% CI 1.60–10.9, for 2 and ≥3 snacks per day, respectively). The most caloric snacks were consumed in the morning (180/387) and afternoon (179/387); 28.6% of the predominantly evening snackers (28/387) were overweight/obese (RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.17–8.34).Conclusions:Increased snacking calories, frequency, and evening snacking are independently associated with overweight/obesity in Italian middle‐school adolescents.
Can facilitation influence the spatial genetics of the beneficiary plant population?
Authors: Castellanos Maria Clara , Donat‐Caerols Santiago , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Verdú Miguel 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Plant facilitation is a positive interaction where a nurse or nurse plant community alters the local conditions, improving the lifetime fitness of other beneficiary plants. In stressful environments, a common consequence is the formation of discrete vegetation patches under nurse plants, surrounded by open space. The consequences of such spatial patterns have been studied mostly at the community level.

At the population level, facilitation causes a distribution of beneficiary individuals that could have intraspecific genetic consequences. The spatial patchiness and the increase in local aggregation can potentially affect the population fine‐scale genetic structure. In addition, marked microenvironmental differences under nurses versus outside could lead to plastic phenotypic variation between facilitated and non‐facilitated individuals, as for example reproductive asynchrony, potentially producing assortative mating.

This study tests the hypothesis that plant facilitation can have genetic consequences for the population of a beneficiary plant (Euphorbia nicaeensis) by affecting its spatial genetic structure and mating patterns between subpopulations of facilitated and non‐facilitated individuals.

Facilitation in this system creates an aggregated distribution of beneficiary individuals compared to a minority of non‐facilitated individuals that grow on the open ground. Facilitation also leads to slight phenological differences mediated by strong microenvironmental differences created by nurses compared to the open ground. Yet a molecular analysis showed that, although there is fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in this system, there is no evidence that it is caused by facilitation. Numerical simulations further showed that spatial genetic patterns in the population are little influenced by the phenological mismatch observed in the field.

Synthesis. Facilitation leads to the strong spatial aggregation of beneficiary plants and desynchronizes their flowering phenology, but the magnitude of these effects is not enough to have local genetic consequences in our study system. Facilitation seems thus to have a homogenizing role by allowing the persistence of a diverse gene pool in populations in harsh environments, rather than promoting genetic differentiation. Further information on other systems where facilitation produces stronger spatial or phenological effects on facilitated plants is needed to fill our large knowledge gap on the genetic effects of facilitation.