bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientations théoriques de la sociologie du droit empirique en République fédérale
Authors: Gessner Volkmar , Höland Armin 
Published: February 2015

Ce n'est que dans les années 60 que la sociologie juridique allemande s'est mise à mener des enquêtes empiriques avec la mise en lumière des simples "faits légaux" demandée par les juristes et les législateurs. A cette époque, l'orientation théorique principale s'est largement inspirée du structuralisme fonctionnel, récemment importé de la sociologie américaine. Aujourd'hui, elle peut se faire à partir de trois courants majeurs : la théorie des conflits, la théorie de l'action sociale et la théorie des systèmes.
D'après les auteurs, le dialogue entre les théories différentes aussi bien qu'entre les approches d'orientation davantage théorique et la recherche empirique souffre d'ignorance mutuelle. Cette rareté d'échanges est due principalement au manque de sophistication des instruments de l'enquête d'une part et d'autre part au peu d'efforts accomplis par les théoriciens de la sociologie pour rendre leurs conceptions opérationnelles. A présent, les effets de ce "dialogue de sourds" se font ressentir, notamment dans les débats actuels menés autour de la théorie des systèmes.
Système d'information et pratiques sociales
Authors: Cam Pierre 
Published: February 2015

This article analyses the effects on employee's behaviour of the emergence of professional and technicists in labour law beside the traditional opinion's leaders of the working classes. The first effect of this professionalization is that workers have recourse easier today to labour 's inspection or barrister than to trade union or syndical counsel.
This disqualification, among the employees, of traditional opinion's leaders, is not unconnected with the state interventionism in the source of the labour law. The fashioning, the interpreting and the applying of the labour law escape more and more, in France, from "social partners". One other effect in the manifestation of this "abstract" knowledge of law — abstract because alien and uncontrollable — is the development of a legal imagination that feeds with the worker's fantasms about a society fitted with their aspirations. These hopes and wishes are nursed and fostered by the multiplication and the multiplicity ofthe information services in matter of labour law. Corning from a service going to another, the worker procures and gets finally an inconsistent information about the appropriate rule. Here as in any other domain of the information, the proliferation of the knowledge sources and their competition is driving at last to a progressive disinformation of the general public and a people scepticism about media and news.
Pour une théorie ludique du droit
Authors: Ost François 
Published: February 2015

A Game Theory of Law.
It is more and more frequent in the legal theory to have recourse to the metaphore of the "game", of the "role" and of the "actor" in thinking the logic subjacent to the legal practice and the legal discourse. The purpose of this essay is to take seriously those metaphores and to think about what could be a "game theory" of law. After having extracted three dialectical features of the game (which is simultaneously convention and invention, inside and outside, représentation and strategy), the author shows the fecundity of the application of the categories for the legal theory. The question of the legal epistemology, of definition, of interpretation and validity in law and finally the questions of links between legal and social Systems are successively tackled.
Un regard différent : l'Amérique latine, les juristes et la sociologie
Authors: de Lemos Capeller Wanda 
Published: February 2015

Looking differently at Law : Latin American Scholars' New Socio-Legal Approach.
This introductory paper focuses on the development of socio-legal field in Latin America. In this process which deals at the same time with legal theory and practice, we recognize two steps : denunciation (law as an instrument of oppression) and use of law aimed at social change. Both experiences must be analyzed as a contribution to a new comprehension of law.
The Sandinista Record on Human Rights in Nicaragua
Authors: West W. Gordon 
Published: February 2015

Cet article expose, de façon critique, l'attitude des gouvernements sandinistes (1979-1990) à l'égard des droits de l'homme. Les Sandinistes apportaient certainement une amélioration, au niveau politique et pratique, par rapport aux précédents gouvernements de Somoza soutenus par les États-Unis. Il y eut néanmoins de sérieux abus dans le domaine des libertés civiles mais les gouvernements sandinistes, contrairement à leurs voisins latino-américains, tentèrent de les corriger. Durant cette décennie, les violations les plus graves des droits de l'homme furent le fait de terroristes soutenus par les Etats-Unis, les contras.
Avec l'élection du gouvernement UNO, soutenu par les Etats-Unis, une vigilance internationale continue est encore plus nécessaire de la part des intellectuels internationaux.
La sociologie juridique brésilienne à travers le miroir
Authors: Botelho Junqueira Eliane 
Published: February 2015

The Brazilian Sociology of Law at the Mirror.
The comparison of french and brazilian sociology of law regarding justice democratization shows that the different intellectual approaches are a consequence of the relations established in both countries between State and society. While french debate deals with the "dejudiciarization" of social relationships, in Brazil the criticism towards State patrimonialism, liberal legal model and State law, which reflects the interest of ruling classes, makes the french discussion pointless as there's still a need of regulating society through State.
La notion d'intérêt de l'enfant en droit : vecteur de coopération ou d'interférence ?
Authors: King Michael , Kratz Catherine 
Published: February 2015

Le développement majeur des sciences « psy », d'une part, et l'augmentation concomitante des désordres familiaux, en particulier du nombre de divorces, d'autre part, ont favorisé l'émergence, au travers de la notion d'intérêt de l'enfant, d'une relation entre droit et sciences « psy ».
Selon une approche classique, cette relation se traduit par la réalisation d'une pratique interdisciplinaire et d'une coopération entre juges et intervenants « psy ».
Or, l'analyse de cette même relation par application de la théorie autopoiétique exposée tout d'abord par Niklas Luhmann puis, plus récemment, par Gunther Teubner, démontre l'incompatibilité des deux systèmes du droit et des sciences « psy » : leurs objectifs, leurs fonctions sociales et leurs procédures de validation de la vérité diffèrent. Aussi n'est-il pas surprenant d'observer que la participation des intervenants « psy », lors des procédures d'attribution de la garde ou d'un droit de visite aux parents en instance de divorce ou divorcés, a pour corollaire la distorsion du savoir et de la pratique « psy », en conformité avec les procédures du système juridique. Dans le droit, les sciences « psy » sont reconstruites en communications juridiques et leur validité se trouve donc établie par application des procédures propres à ce système ; elles deviennent, ainsi, « psychologie-en-droit » et « psychiatrie-en-droit », c'est-à-dire des discours asservis. Loin d'élaborer de nouveaux modes de résolution des conflits dans le sens d'une meilleure protection de l'intérêt de l'enfant, cette association entre le juge et l'intervenant « psy » débouche sur le phénomène d'interférence : l'asservissement par le droit du savoir et de la pratique « psy ».
Cependant, par ce processus le droit donne l'impression d'être plus à même de résoudre les conflits interpersonnels dans l'intérêt bien compris de l'enfant, alors qu'en réalité, il ne fait que réduire la complexité de ces situations selon son propre code légal/illégal.
Croissance, clivages et crise : la difficile intégration des juristes français dans une grande firme d'avocats américaine
Authors: Parthenay Stéphane , Ackermann Werner 
Published: February 2015

Growth, division and crisis : the difficultes of integration of French lawyers into an American law firm.
This study describes the development of the Parisian branch of an American firm of legal advisors. The application in this branch of the American model of work division and setting-up of working teams was badly perceived by the non-American professionals, particularly because the practices maintained unequal salary and career opportunities. The European colleagues felt disadvantaged in comparison with their American counterparts. The article shows how attempts made towards the development of a more important autonomous management organisation of the Parisian branch were prohibited by the firm's management, thus resulting in a crisis and reduction in number of local employees.
Redistribution de la propriété et conflits de compétence à la frontière privé-public : les professions face à la réforme de la faillite en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis
Authors: Halliday Terence C. , Carruthers Bruce G. 
Published: February 2015

Professions and Bankruptcy Reforms in Britain and the United States : Redistributing Property and Jurisdictional Rights across the Public-Private Frontier.
The sociologies of law, professions, and politics rarely converge on the process of statutory reform. This paper argues that the concepts of property and jurisdictional rights provide a basis for theoretical convergence and a more compelling explanation of legal change where property redistribution is at stake. Using the cases of Insolvency Act 1986 in Britain and the 1978 U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the paper examines four processes of change concerned respectively with high property rights cases (Valorization of Judges, U.S., Empowerment of Insolvency Practitioners, U.K.) and low property rights cases (Nationalization of Administration, U.S. and Privatisation of Administration, U.K.). It proposes (1) that legal change frequently triggers jurisdictional struggles among professions and the latter in turn shape substantive and administrative law ; (2) in contemporary politics, a key struggle over jurisdictional rights frequently occurs across the public/private boundary, where inter-professional struggle is less over market share, than the expansion or contraction of the market itself ; and (3) substantive legal changes frequently constellate political forces — including party politics, professional politics, and political adventitiousness — with outcomes quite extraneous to the substantive merits of the law reforms themselves.
Concepts anthropologiques occidentaux dans les états non-centralisés : un regard rétrospectif et introspectif sur les Dagaaba
Authors: Yelpaala Kojo 
Published: February 2015

Western Anthropological Concepts in non-centralized States : a Retrospective and Introspective look at the Dagaaba.
Certain concepts particular to the anthropology of law have continued to dominate the Western anthropologists' and lawyers' approach to the study of so-called « primitive » societies. Due to their reliance upon a somewhat « eurocentric » and often ethnocentric perspective, researchers have frequently been unable to identify the existence of a State or of legal Systems within these societies and have consequently resorted to the creation of concepts such as self-help, descent or legal obligation in order to compensate for what is considered a lack of adequate conceptual frameworks. The author of this article, a native countryman of one such « primitive » society, presents a critical and revisionist perspective, challenging the validity of such concepts in his attempt to broaden the discussion through the introduction of a more fundamental and outgoing orientation.
Évolution du droit en Europe centrale et orientale : assiste-t-on à une renaissance du « Law and Development » ?
Authors: Höland Armin 
Published: February 2015

Development of Law in Central and Eastern Europe : a Renaissance of « Law and Development »?
With the fall of the Berlin wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain in 1989 the relationships between Western Europe and the countries in Central and Eastern Europe have undergone a fundamental change from System competition to multiple forms of cooperation. This situation has prompted the large-scale transfer of Western economic, organisational and legislative models to the East. The « local » conditions of the applicability of the laws are, however, often not sufficiently taken into account. This situation recalls the doubtful experiences made with « Law & Development » exported from the US in the 50s and 60s and the partial post-war failure of US economic policy to encourage the development of US anti-trust legal structures in Europe and occupied Germany.
La magistrature française au féminin : entre spécificité et banalisation
Authors: Boigeol Anne 
Published: February 2015

The "Feminization" of the French Magistracy : a particular or a commonplace event ?
Women were permitted to enter the French magistracy in 1946. Almost half a century later, this profession is in the process of becoming female-dominated. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect that the increased presence of women may have upon this professional milieu. Do they, through their personal characteristics, contribute to a change or renewal of the magistracy or rather is their presence homogeneous to ongoing activities ? How does their integration into the magistracy take place ? Is it a commonplace event or does it present particularities in terms of for example the division of work or differing career opportunities ? The question raised is therefore that of establishing wether gender remains a pertinent variable for the description and analysis of the French magistracy today.
Les juristes face à la société 1975-1993
Authors: Arnaud André-Jean 
Published: February 2015

À l'occasion de la traduction en italien de son ouvrage Les juristes face à la société, l'auteur évoque la trame des principaux événements qui ont émaillé les années 1975-1993 en matière de rapports entre le droit et la société.
Il note que le droit devient de plus en plus incertain dans une période où la construction de l'unification européenne fait intervenir la notion de pluralisme, un pluralisme à la fois juridique et culturel — la culture juridique telle qu'elle apparaît dans les années 1980 prenant en compte les formes aussi bien institutionnelles qu'alternatives de résolution des conflits.
Le droit ne se situe plus dans le champ défini par la philosophie moderne ; mais il en est encore à chercher des voies vers un après- modernisme. Cet argument permet de le qualifier doublement : sa nature est paradoxale et son objet incertain. Cela explique en partie le discrédit jeté sur la justice et ses juges, comme le désarroi où sont jetés les juristes.
Droit et politique : vieilles lunes, nouveaux champs
Authors: Caillosse Jacques 
Published: February 2015

Law and Politics : outdated notions, new fields of research.
The origin of the present study is the critical appraisal of a collective work presenting a series of variations on the renewed thème of the relation between Law and Politics. The question was that of seeing how the political and juridical sciences viewed each other, given the common ground that they increasingly share : Law. In order to better grasp the contemporary situation characterising this methodological debate, a three-phase approach has been adopted.
The first of these entails the examination of the state of the situation, as characterised by the confrontation of the disciplinary types of fundamentalism involved : the legal specialists' sense of purity is a response to the prevailing stance of the politics experts, which tends to oppose a juridical approach considered as too rigid. The second phase is a description of the new disciplinary fields of study which have emanated from the increasing involvement between law and politics. The third and final phase provides a reflection on the intensity of the types of reclassification occurring in this field : whilst the legal specialists have not given up positivism, nor have the politics experts renounced upon their scepticism with respect to law.
La production de la norme en droit du travail : quelques aspects des accords collectifs en Allemagne et en France au regard du Traité de Rome
Authors: Moritz Klaus 
Published: February 2015

The Production of Norms in Labour Law : some Aspects of Collective Agreements in Germany and France front the Viewpoint of the Treaty of Rome.
The structure of labour law is determined by both legal and social norms, as well as general and particular norms (collective agreements, factory agreements). A list of the actors, goals and content of the different norms in labour law reveals a complex, hierarchical structure. Jurisdiction plays an important role in this series. The thesis put forward asserts that the European Court of Justice supports the rulings of German judges against all sexually discriminatory policies in view of furthering the rights of part-time employees. Although sex discrimination is certainly prohibited in Germany, a wide interpretation of article 119 of the Treaty of Rome has proved necessary to effectively apply this principle in legal practice, and collective and factory agreements.
Politique de la ville et protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Firchow Thilo 
Published: February 2015

Urban Policy and Youth Protection.
The goal of this article is to define the various principles governing administrative and judicial intervention to protect young people. Controlled by different political authorities at separate territorial levels, the systems studied function in a compartmentalised — and in crisis situations — sometimes incompatible manner. A positive alternative to this is provided by urban policy and its methods based on a contract and project type approach. The implementation of urban contracts (« contrats de ville ») as outlined in the XIe Plan (1994-1998) is in this respect a highly important issue.
Le sang du corps du droit canon ou des acceptions de l'adage « Ecclesia abhorret a sanguine »
Authors: Bordeaux Michèle 
Published: February 2015

Canon Law's Blood : On some Meanings of the Adage « Ecclesia abhorret a sanguine ».
Canonical legal scholars taught and passed on a strict sense for the adage « Ecclesia abhorret a sanguine ». It highlights the Church's virtues of peace and kindness and its fair punishment of personal acts of homicidal violence amongst Christians. However, the number of exonerations granted (self-defence against heretics, public office of Liberator Princes and their soldiers) points to the limits of the traditional translation of the adage : « The Church abhors shedding blood. » The status of blood in the Canon Law corpus must be understood, rather, in a broad sense : « The Church abhors flowing blood. » Blood pollutes and always contaminates (as does sperm, another vital liquid). «Communion of blood » during the carnal act (between married or non-married people) creates a consanguine connection and consequently an incestuous interdict. Heresy as well as Catholic faith are transmitted through blood (Spanish statutes of « blood purity »). Blood (like sperm) would pollute holy places were it flow there (childbirth, menses) and thus contributes to the exclusion of women from the Sacred.
Le sang : un don sans contre-don ?
Authors: Cam Pierre 
Published: February 2015

What is the Countergif t for Giving Blood ?
In France, blood transfusions rely on volontary blood donations. Periodically, newspapers and Public Health leaders voice worries about the renewal of volunteers. The scandal of contaminated blood has only increased these fears. They are based on prenotions about the individualism of young people and the selfishness of contemporary behavior. Contrary to this opinion, a survey of volunteers shows that the gift of blood is not an individual experience with psychological motives but a sociological fact. Giving one's blood is a social obligation. The counterpart of the gift lies in the strengthening of social ties inside the volunteer's group : family, parish, graduate school, factory.
L'ouverture des prisons et l'écosystème social environnant
Authors: Combessie Philippe 
Published: February 2015

The Opening of Prisons and the Surrounding Social Ecosystem.
For not having been ideologically considered, the primary function of prisons (keeping in confinement to keep apart) gives them a stigma similar to that which punishes inmates. The ways of dealing with this shame (in terms of neighbourhood relationships, economies and social integration) demonstrate the development of a sensitive zone around each jail, structured by these social relationships. On the other hand, the socio-economical characteristics of the environment reinforce different spheres of influence within each prison, to the detriment of global coherence. These social logics conflict with the recent French policy of « opening » jails to external partnership.
Les « terroirs judiciaires » en France de 1789 aux années 1930
Authors: Chauvaud Frédéric , Yvorel Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2015

« Judicial Territory » in France (1789-1930).
Since 1789, reform of « judicial territory » has periodically been at the heart of parliamentary discussions. However, since 1810, the « tribunal system » has not been modified. And yet the years 1810-1930 gave birth to numerous reform schemes. It is proper, then, to study the apparent paralysis of judicial organization and the discussions of authorities to better understand how they represent their own justice to themselves.
Processus pénal et mise en détention provisoire
Authors: Lenoir Rémi 
Published: February 2015

Penal Process and Detention under Remand.
The use of detention under remand, frequently denounced as an example of the arbitrariness of the judiciary, is usually associated with a certain type of criminal procedure, the inquisitory procedure. This article presents the problematics and method used in a study of the set of factors involved in the process leading to the issue of a committal order. The study has made it possible to verify the Durkheimian hypothesis that jurisprudence gives precise, visible, clear and official form to the often confused or even repressed literal and personal stipulations-measures (in both meanings of the term in French) of the actors and institutional mechanisms, the functioning and the foundations of which depends more on makeshift solutions and on hierarchical and social power relations than on provisions defined and laid down in procedural rules. It reveals the perceptive and cognitive structures of the agents involved and the emergence of the ethical and social categories used by judges for making decisions in this area.
L'huissier de justice et l'exécution des jugements par voie de contrainte. Une reconstruction empirique de la pyramide d'exécution en Flandre
Authors: Van Loon Francis , Delrue Stephane 
Published: February 2015

The Bailiff and the Compulsory Enforcement of Rulings in Civil Matters : An Empirical Reconstruction of the « Pyramid of Enforcement » in Flanders.
The compulsory enforcement of civil rulings follows a distinct number of successive steps stipulated by the Judicial Code and is meant to increase the pressure on the debtor. For this study, 23 bailiffs provided us with 276 cases of compulsory enforcement. The resulting « pyramid of enforcement » offers a quantitative assessment of the flow and fall-out of cases throughout the process of compulsory enforcement. Furthermore, the configurations of the parties involved reveal different modes of enforcement.