bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of compatibilizing agents on the mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene/olive husk flour composites
Authors: Ihemouchen C. , Djidjelli H. , Boukerrou A. , Fenouillot F. , Barres C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe main objective of this research was to investigate the effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of the addition of two different compatibilizing agents, malefic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (PE) [synthesized in a solution state (MAPE) and commercial (XA255)], to olive husk flour, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The composites contain 30 wt % of olive husk flour and a variable proportion of compatibilizer (3, 5, and 7 wt %). The grafting reaction was followed by Fourier transform infrared, and the grafting degree was evaluated by means of titration. The effect of grafting on the thermal properties of MAPE was observed by ATG/DTG. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated. A morphological study of the composite reveals that there is a positive effect of compatibilizing agent on interfacial bonding. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Thermal and mechanical properties of sorbitol‐based epoxy resin cured with quercetin and the biocomposites with wood flour
Authors: Shibata Mitsuhiro , Yoshihara Satoru , Yashiro Mio , Ohno Yukito 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAfter a bio‐based epoxy resin, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) was mixed with a flavonoid, quercetin (QC) in tetrahydrofuran at an optimized epoxy/hydroxy ratio 1/1.2, the obtained SPE/QC solution was mixed with wood flour (WF), prepolymerized at 150°C, and subsequently compressed at 170°C for 3 h to give SPE‐QC/WF biocomposites (WF content:0, 20, 30, 40 wt %). The tan δ peak temperature of SPE‐QC without WF (85.5°C) was higher than that of SPE cured with conventional phenol novolac (81.0°C). In addition, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with QC had a higher tan δ peak temperature (145.1°C) than that cured with PN (90.8°C). The tan δ peak temperatures (106–113°C) of SPE‐QC/WF biocomposites were significantly higher than that of SPE‐QC. The tensile modulus of SPE‐QC/WF biocomposites increased with increasing WF content. A lower wavenumber shift of carbonyl stretching absorption peak in the FTIR spectrum of SPE‐QC/WF as compared with that of SPE‐QC suggested that hydroxy group of woody component forms hydrogen bonding with carbonyl group of quercetin moiety. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Enthalpy relaxation of photopolymerized multilayered thiol‐ene films
Authors: Shin Junghwan , Nazarenko Sergei , Hoyle Charles E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMultilayered thiol‐ene network films with two and three different components were fabricated by spin coating and photopolymerization. The distinctive glass transition temperatures of each layer component were observed at corresponding glass transition regions of each bulk sample. Sub‐Tg aging of 10‐, 21‐, and 32‐layered thiol‐ene films was investigated in terms of enthalpy relaxation. Enthalpy relaxation of each layer component occurred independently and presented the characteristic time and temperature dependency. Overlapped unsymmetrical bell‐shaped enthalpy relaxation distribution having peak maximum at Tg‐10°C of each layer component was observed, resulting in broad distribution of enthalpy relaxation over wide temperature range. In addition, enthalpy relaxation of each layer component in the multilayered thiol‐ene films was significantly accelerated comparing to that of bulk thiol‐ene samples. Dynamic mechanical thermal properties of multilayered thiol‐ene films also showed two and three separated glass transition temperature. However, for 32‐layered thiol‐ene film consisting of three different layer components, glass transition and damping region are overlapped and the width is extended more than 100°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Morphology and mechanical properties of PET/PE blends compatibilized by nanoclays: Effect of thermal stability of nanofiller organic modifier
Authors: Yousfi M. , Soulestin J. , Vergnes B. , Lacrampe M. F. , Krawczak P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephtalate)/poly(ethylene) (PET/PE) blends (80/20 wt %) were prepared by melt‐extrusion and compatibilized by addition of nanoclays. Two commercially available organically modified montmorillonites (Cloisite© 10A and 30B) were chosen as reference and a third one was specially organomodified at lab scale with a thermally stable phosphonium surfactant using conventional cationic exchange reaction. The size of the dispersed polymer phase (PE droplets) and the ductility of the blends depend more on the thermal stability of the surfactant of the organomodified clay than on the enthalpic interactions between the blend components and the surfactants used for the modification of the clays. The highest mechanical properties (yield stress and elongation at break) and the better compatibilization efficiency (smallest dispersed PE droplets) were observed in the presence of phosphonium organomodified montmorillonite compared to other less thermally stable commercial organoclays. The analysis of the thermal stability, morphology, and mechanical properties of PET/PE blends containing the surfactants alone in the absence of clay made it possible to evidence separately the effects of the surfactant and of the nanofiller. The role of the surfactant as compatibilization agent was demonstrated. In the absence of nanofiller, the finest morphological and highest ductility were again obtained with the phosphonium surfactant which is the most thermally stable. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Kang‐Suk , Chang Young‐Wook 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNaturally available halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hollow nanotubular structures were used as reinforcement in poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). The PCL/HNT nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing the polymer with as‐received HNTs up to 10 wt % in an internal batch mixer. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the HNTs were dispersed uniformly on the nanoscale throughout the PCL matrix. Differential scanning calorimeter studies revealed that the PCL crystallinity was decreased in the nanocomposites, and the HNTs dispersed in the PCL matrix led to an increase in the non‐isothermal crystallization temperature of the PCL. Tensile and dynamic mechanical tests showed great enhancement in strength and stiffness at low HNT content, while still maintaining the ductility of the PCL. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the pristine PCL was substantially increased with increase in filler loading, which indicates good reinforcing effect imparted by the addition of HNT. Melt rheological studies revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited strong shear thinning behavior, and a percolated network of HNT particles was formed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
What is an objective structured practical examination in anatomy?
Authors: Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Zafar Muhammad , Ikram Muhammad Faisal , Ganguly Paul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAssessing teaching‐learning outcomes in anatomical knowledge is a complex task that requires the evaluation of multiple domains: theoretical, practical, and clinical knowledge. In general, theoretical knowledge is tested by a written examination system constituted by multiple choice questions (MCQs) and/or short answer questions (SAQ). The assessment of practical knowledge (three‐dimensional anatomical concepts) involves oral, spot, or objective structured practical examinations (OSPE). Finally, the application of anatomical knowledge to patients is tested mainly through objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). The major focus of this study is the OSPE. Although many schools challenge students using this tool in practical examinations in the early phase of the curriculum, the true meaning of OSPE is frequently forgotten and it becomes, in reality, a spot examination. This article, for the first time, describes how the concept of the OSPE has evolved and is currently being used to assess the practical domain of anatomical knowledge in a problem‐based curriculum at Alfaisal University College of Medicine. In addition, it describes the main differences from the spot examination, which is normally used in traditional medical curricula. The authors believe that the OSPE remains the most efficient tool to assess the practical aspects of anatomical knowledge in a system where basic knowledge is integrated with the clinical or functional part of anatomy. However, this contention only holds true if the OSPE process revolves around structured objectives. Anat Sci Educ 6: 125–133. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Bioenergetics and pathway of acid blue 113 degradation byStaphylococcus lentus
Authors: Sekar Sudharshan , Mahadevan Surianarayanan , Shanmugam Bhuvanesh Kumar , Mandal Asit Baran 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBioreaction calorimetric studies of degradation of the dye acid blue 113 byStaphylococcus lentusare reported for the first time. The heat released during the dye degradation process can be successfully measured using reaction calorimeter. Power time and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) profile followed each other suggesting that heat profiles could monitor the progress of the dye degradation in biocalorimetry. The shifts observed in power–time profile indicated three distinct phases of the bioprocess indicating simultaneous utilization of glucose (primary) and dye (secondary carbon source). Secretion of azoreductase enzyme enhanced the degradation process. Optimization of aeration and agitation rates was observed to be vital to efficient dye degradation. The degradative pathway for acid blue 113 byS. lentuswas delineated via high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses. Interestingly the products of degradation were found to have low toxicity, as per cytotoxicity measurements. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
A pumpless perfusion cell culture cap with two parallel channel layers keeping the flow rate constant
Authors: Lee Dong Woo , Yi Sang Hyun , Ku Bosung , Kim Jhingook 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article presents a novel pumpless perfusion cell culture cap, the gravity‐driven flow rate of which is kept constant by the height difference of two parallel channel layers. Previous pumpless perfusion cell culture systems create a gravity‐driven flow by means of the hydraulic head difference (Δh) between the source reservoir and the drain reservoir. As more media passes from the source reservoir to the drain reservoir, the source media level decreases and the drain media level increases. Thus, previous works based on a gravity‐driven flow were unable to supply a constant flow rate for the perfusion cell culture. However, the proposed perfusion cell culture cap can supply a constant flow rate, because the media level remains unchanged as the media moves laterally through each channel having same media level. In experiments, using the different fluidic resistances, the perfusion cap generated constant flow rates of 871 ± 27 μL h−1 and 446 ± 11 μL h−1. The 871 and 446 μL h−1 flow rates replace the whole 20 mL medium in the petridish with a fresh medium for days 1 and 2, respectively. In the perfusion cell (A549 cell line) culture with the 871 μL h−1 flow rate, the proposed cap can maintain a lactate concentration of about 2200 nmol mL−1 and an ammonia concentration of about 3200 nmol mL−1. Moreover, although the static cell culture maintains cell viability for 5 days, the perfusion cell culture with the 871 μL h−1 flow rate can maintain cell viability for 9 days. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Fast Olefin Metathesis at Low Catalyst Loading
Authors: Peeck Lars H. , Savka Roman D. , Plenio Herbert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReactions of the Grubbs 3rd generation complexes [RuCl2(NHC)(Ind)(Py)] (N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenylimidazolin)‐2‐ylidene (SIMes), 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimidazolin)‐2‐ylidene (SIPr), or 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimidazol)‐2‐ylidene (IPr); Ind=3‐phenylindenylid‐1‐ene, Py=pyridine) with 2‐ethenyl‐N‐alkylaniline (alkyl=Me, Et) result in the formation of the new N‐Grubbs–Hoveyda‐type complexes 5 (NHC=SIMes, alkyl=Me), 6 (SIMes, Et), 7 (IPr, Me), 8 (SIPr, Me), and 9 (SIPr, Et) with N‐chelating benzylidene ligands in yields of 50–75 %. Compared to their respective, conventional, O‐Grubbs–Hoveyda complexes, the new complexes are characterized by fast catalyst activation, which translates into fast and efficient ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reactivity. Catalyst loadings of 15–150 ppm (0.0015–0.015 mol %) are sufficient for the conversion of a wide range of diolefinic substrates into the respective RCM products after 15 min at 50 °C in toluene; compounds 8 and 9 are the most catalytically active complexes. The use of complex 8 in RCM reactions enables the formation of N‐protected 2,5‐dihydropyrroles with turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 58 000 and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 232 000 h−1; the use of the N‐protected 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines proceeds with TONs of up to 37 000 and TOFs of up to 147 000 h−1; and the use of the N‐protected 2,3,6,7‐tetrahydroazepines proceeds with TONs of up to 19 000 and TOFs of up to 76 000 h−1, with yields for these reactions ranging from 83–92 %.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling/Cyclization of Isoquinolones with Alkynes through CH/NH Activation: Mechanism Study and Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin‐8‐one Derivatives
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Huiliang , Wang Nuancheng , Ma Jianfeng , Song Haibin , Xu Shansheng , Wang Baiquan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of [{RuCl2(p‐cymene)}2]‐catalyzed oxidative annulations of isoquinolones with alkynes was investigated in detail. The first step is an acetate‐assisted CH bond activation process to form cyclometalated compounds. Subsequent mono‐alkyne insertion of the RuC bonds of the cyclometalated compounds then takes place. Finally, oxidative coupling of the CN bond of the insertion compounds occurs to afford Ru0 sandwich complexes that undergo oxidation to regenerate the catalytically active RuII complex with the copper oxidant and release the desired dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin‐8‐one derivatives. All of the relevant intermediates were fully characterized and determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The [{RuCl2(p‐cymene)}2]‐catalyzed CH bond functionalization of isoquinolones with alkynes to synthesize dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin‐8‐one derivatives through CH/NH activation was also demonstrated.
Cosmic Chirality both True and False
Authors: Barron Laurence D. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe discrete symmetries of parity P, time reversal T, and charge conjugation C may be used to characterize the properties of chiral systems. It is well known that parity violation infiltrates into ordinary matter via an interaction between the nucleons and electrons, mediated by the Z0 particle, that lifts the degeneracy of the mirror‐image enantiomers of a chiral molecule. Being odd under P but even under T, this P‐violating interaction exhibits true chirality and so may induce absolute enantioselection under all circumstances. It has been suggested that CP violation may also infiltrate into ordinary matter via a P‐odd, T‐odd interaction mediated by the (as yet undetected) axion. This CP‐violating interaction exhibits false chirality and so may induce absolute enantioselection in processes far from equilibrium. Both true and false cosmic chirality should be considered together as possible sources of homochirality in the molecules of life. Chirality 24:957‐958, 2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized controlled trial of maintaining quality of life during radiotherapy for advanced cancer
Authors: Clark Matthew M. , Rummans Teresa A. , Atherton Pamela J. , Cheville Andrea L. , Johnson Mary E. , Frost Marlene H. , Miller Janis J. , Sloan Jeff A. , Graszer Karen M. , Haas Jean G. , Hanson Jean M. , Garces Yolanda I. , Piderman Katherine M. , Lapid Maria I. , Netzel Pamela J. , Richardson Jarrett W. , Brown Paul D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Psychosocial interventions often address only 1 domain of quality of life (QOL), are offered to patients with early‐stage cancer, do not include the caregiver, and are delivered after cancer treatment has been completed.METHODS:In the current randomized controlled trial, 131 patients with advanced cancer who received radiotherapy and their caregivers were randomly assigned to either a 6‐session, structured, multidisciplinary intervention arm or a standard care arm. The average age of the patients was 58 years, the majority were male (63%), and tumor types varied (gastrointestinal [37%], brain [22%], head and neck [16%], lung [13%], and other [12%]). The six 90‐minute sessions addressed the 5 domains of QOL: cognitive, physical, emotional, social, and spiritual. The in‐person intervention was followed by 10 brief telephone counseling sessions that took place over the next 6 months.RESULTS:Of the 117 patients who completed the study, overall QOL (assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General [FACT‐G]) at week 4 was significantly higher in the intervention group (n = 54) compared with the standard arm control group (n = 63) (75.2 vs 68.7; P = .02). The 10 brief telephone contacts did not appear to impact QOL because at week 27 the groups had identical QOL (means of 77.6 and 77.7, respectively). There was no effect of the intervention noted on caregiver QOL.CONCLUSIONS:Participating in a 6‐session multidisciplinary intervention was found to be effective in maintaining the QOL of patients with advanced cancer who were actively receiving radiotherapy. The QOL and symptom burden of this population is striking, making it important to identify effective QOL strategies to implement in conjunction with cancer care. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
BRAF Mutation is associated with early stage disease and improved outcome in patients with low‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Grisham Rachel N. , Iyer Gopa , Garg Karuna , DeLair Deborah , Hyman David M. , Zhou Qin , Iasonos Alexia , Berger Michael F. , Dao Fanny , Spriggs David R. , Levine Douglas A. , Aghajanian Carol , Solit David B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Low‐grade serous (LGS) ovarian cancer is a chemoresistant disease that accounts for 10% of serous ovarian cancers. Prior studies have reported that 28% to 35% of serous borderline (SB)/LGS ovarian tumors harbor a BRAF mutation, suggesting that BRAF inhibitors may be a rational therapeutic approach for this disease. In the current study, the authors sought to determine whether BRAF or KRAS mutation status was associated with disease stage and/or histology in patients with SB and LGS ovarian cancer.METHODS:Genetic profiles were constructed for 75 SB and LGS ovarian tumors to determine BRAF and KRAS mutation status. The incidence and identity of BRAF and KRAS mutations were defined, and the results were correlated with disease stage, response to treatment, and overall survival.RESULTS:Of 75 samples examined, 56 tumors (75%) had SB histology, and 19 tumors (25%) had LGS histology. Fifty‐seven percent of tumors harbored either a KRAS mutation (n = 17) or a BRAF mutation (a valine‐to‐glutamate substitution at residue 600 [V600E]; n = 26). The BRAF V600E mutation was associated significantly with early disease stage (stage I/II; P < .001) and SB histology (P = .002). KRAS mutations were not associated significantly with disease stage or histology. Of the 22 patients (29%) who required chemotherapy, 20 had tumors with wild‐type KRAS/BRAF, 2 had KRAS mutant tumors, and none had tumors that harbored a BRAF mutation. All patients with BRAF tumors remained alive at a median follow‐up of 3.6 years (range, 1.9–129.3 months).CONCLUSIONS:V600E BRAF mutations were present in 35% of patients who had SB/LGS ovarian cancers. The presence of the BRAF V600E mutation in SB/LGS ovarian cancer was associated with early stage disease and improved prognosis. The authors concluded that patients with SB/LGS ovarian cancer who require systemic therapy are unlikely to have BRAF mutant tumors. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Fabrication and Properties of Highly Ordered Fe‐Doped TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Kyeremateng Nana A. , Hornebecq Virginie , Martinez Hervé , Knauth Philippe , Djenizian Thierry 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHighly‐ordered Fe‐doped TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2nts) were fabricated by anodization of co‐sputtered Ti–Fe thin films in a glycerol electrolyte containing NH4F. The as‐sputtered Ti–Fe thin films correspond to a solid solution of Ti and Fe according to X‐ray diffraction. The Fe‐doped TiO2nts were studied in terms of composition, morphology and structure. The characterization included scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis. As a result of the Fe doping, an indirect bandgap of 3.0 eV was estimated using Tauc’s plot, and this substantial red‐shift extends its photoresponse to visible light. From the Mott–Schottky analysis, the flat‐band potential (Efb) and the charge carrier concentration (ND) were determined to be −0.95 V vs Ag/AgCl and 5.0 ×1019 cm−3 respectively for the Fe‐doped TiO2nts, whilst for the undoped TiO2nts, Efb of −0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl and ND of 6.5×1019 cm−3 were obtained.
Flow cytometric cell‐based assay to preselect antibody constructs for radionuclide conjugation
Authors: Ingargiola M. , Dittfeld C. , Runge R. , Zenker M. , Heldt J.‐M. , Steinbach J. , Cordes N. , Baumann M. , Kotzerke J. , Kunz‐Schughart L. A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRadiolabeled antibodies (Abs) are an attractive tool for targeting and delivering particle emitters for therapy or imaging applications. The labeling of Abs with metal radionuclides requires chelating agents and can cause loss of binding to their ligands. The aim of the present approach was to design an easy‐handling flow cytometric cell‐based assay to evaluate Ab‐binding capacity of conjugates of the therapeutic Ab Cetuximab and to verify the most promising candidate in a competitive radioactive binding experiment. The final setup for flow cytometric assessment of cellular binding capacities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB1‐directed Ab conjugates is based on (a) the selection of a robust cell line model (b) the definition of nonsaturated staining concentrations for the unconjugated reference Ab Cetuximab plus implementation of a reasonable isotype control, and (c) the calculation of relative Ab affinities based on the flow cytometric data. Two (FaDu, SAS) out of the three cell lines with different total and cell surface expression levels of EGFR turned out to be adequate models but the application of one cell line was sufficient to estimate reduced binding capacities of conjugates relative to Cetuximab. Only 1/11 conjugate Abs exhibited a fluorescence signal comparable to unconjugated Cetuximab and was applied for radiolabeling with Yttrium‐90. Unaltered binding affinity of this conjugate was proven in a competitive radioactive Ab‐binding study. We conclude that the flow cytometric assay is reliable and that the relative binding capacity of Cetuximab is neither affected by covalent modification with CHX‐A″‐DTPA (N‐[(R)‐2‐Amino‐3‐(p‐isothiocyanato‐phenyl) propyl]‐trans‐(S,S)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine‐N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentaacetic acid) with a final chelator‐to‐Ab ratio of 5 nor by subsequent radiolabeling. [90Y]Y‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐Cetuximab thus qualifies for preclinical treatment testing as a prerequisite for therapeutic application. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry