bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE HIPERTENSOS EM TRATAMENTO AMBULATORIAL
Authors: Mian Natália Carolina , Gasparino Renata Cristina 
Published: August 2014

Pesquisa descritiva e transversal que teve como objetivo identificar a qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos em tratamento ambulatorial. Participaram 88 pacientes hipertensos, a maioria mulheres, atendidos num ambulatório de especialidades do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: uma ficha de caracterização sociodemográfica e o Mini-Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en Hiperténsion Arterial, adaptado e validado para a cultura brasileira. A maioria dos pacientes alegou não ser tabagista, não fazer uso de bebida alcoólica e não praticar exercício físico. A média das respostas revelou pior percepção da qualidade de vida em comparação a outros estudos. Esta pesquisa auxilia a equipe de saúde a propor intervenções para o controle da hipertensão que minimizem o comprometimento da qualidade de vida dos portadores.
Naar een regelgevingcyclus?
Authors: Mastenbroek E. , Meuwese A.C.M. , van Voorst S. 
Published: August 2014

Naar een regelgevingcyclus? Evaluatie in de Europese Unie
Impact assessments van voorgenomen Europese regelgeving staan al een tijdje in de belangstelling van beleidsmakers en onderzoekers. Dit is ook steeds meer het geval voor Europese ex-postwetsevaluaties, die door de Europese Commissie gezien worden als het sluitstuk van de ‘regelgevingcyclus’ in de Europese Unie. Dit artikel gaat in op de dekkingsgraad en kwaliteit van deze twee typen evaluaties en op de mate waarin zij momenteel op elkaar aansluiten, als noodzakelijke voorwaarden voor een geloofwaardige evidence-based regelgevingcyclus.
Hypothermia does not hasten death during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock presenting as the “triad of death” in rats
Authors: Nishi Kouichirou , Takasu Akira , Shinozaki Hirotoshi , Sakamoto Ken , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Sakamoto Toshihisa 
Published: August 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypothermia on survival and coagulopathy in hemorrhagic shock presenting as the “triad of death”.MethodsSixteen rats were lightly anesthetized with halothane while maintaining spontaneous breathing. The triad of death was simulated by inducing hypothermia (32.0°C) with surface body cooling and hemodilution with replacement of 20 mL blood with 50 mL normal saline. Then, rats were randomly assigned to one of two rectal temperature groups (n = 8/group: group 1, rewarming to 37.0°C; group 2, maintenance at 32.0°C) and subjected to hemorrhagic shock initiated by amputation of the tail at 75% of its length. The rats were then observed for survival time without fluid resuscitation. Blood coagulability with Sonoclot analysis was also assessed.ResultsThe triad of death status was considered as being induced at a rectal temperature of 32°C, arterial pH of 7.22, and deteriorating coagulating values. At 45 min after randomization, Sonoclot analysis revealed prolonged activated clotting times of 355 ± 131 s and “time to peak” of 23 ± 9 min in group 2, compared to 228 ± 64 s and 12 ± 1 min (P < 0.05) in group 1, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed longer survival in group 2 than group 1 (P = 0.06).ConclusionsCompared to rewarming, hypothermia aggravates coagulation parameters, but does not hasten death during untreated hemorrhagic shock presenting as the triad of death.
Post‐Metallocene in der industriellen Polyolefinproduktion
Authors: Baier Moritz C. , Zuideveld Martin A. , Mecking Stefan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDas Studium der Polymerisationskatalyse mit Post‐Metallocenen reicht methodisch von grundlegenden mechanistischen Untersuchungen der Polymerisationsmechanismen über Katalysatordesign bis hin zur Untersuchung der Materialeigenschaften der hergestellten Polyolefine. Ein gemeinsames Ziel all dieser Arbeiten ist die Schöpfung neuer, in der Praxis verwendbarer Werkstoffe und Polymerisationsverfahren. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über Post‐Metallocen‐Polymerisationskatalysatoren, die den Weg in die praktische Anwendung gefunden haben. Die entscheidenden Eigenschaften für den Erfolg dieser Katalysatoren werden beschrieben.
Long‐Lived Trifluoromethanide Anion: A Key Intermediate in Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylations
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhe , Haiges Ralf , Rahm Martin , Christe Karl O. , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe trifluoromethanide anion is the postulated key intermediate in nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reactions. However, for more than six decades, the trifluoromethanide anion was widely believed to exist only as a short‐lived transient species in the condensed phase. It has now been prepared in bulk for the first time in THF solution. The trifluoromethanide anion with the [K(18‐crown‐6)]+cation was unequivocally characterized by low‐temperature19F and13C NMR spectroscopy. Its intermediacy in nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reactions was directly evident by its reaction chemistry with various electrophilic substrates. Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy, along with quantum mechanical calculations, support the persistence of the trifluoromethanide anion.
Post‐Metallocenes in the Industrial Production of Polyolefins
Authors: Baier Moritz C. , Zuideveld Martin A. , Mecking Stefan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResearch on “post‐metallocene” polymerization catalysis ranges methodologically from fundamental mechanistic studies of polymerization reactions over catalyst design to material properties of the polyolefins prepared. A common goal of these studies is the creation of practically useful new polyolefin materials or polymerization processes. This Review gives a comprehensive overview of post‐metallocene polymerization catalysts that have been put into practice. The decisive properties for this success of a given catalyst structure are delineated.
Immunolocalization of Scaffoldin, a Trichohyalin‐Like Protein, in the Epidermis of the Chicken Embryo
Authors: Alibardi L. , Mlitz V. , Eckhart L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecent comparative genomic studies have identified a chicken gene that codes for a trichohyalin‐like protein rich in arginine and glutamic acid termed scaffoldin. Immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy show that this protein is predominantly localized in periderm granules, subcellular structures present in the periderm of the embryonic epidermis of chick scales, beak, claw, and in the sheath of developing and regenerating feathers. This suggests that scaffoldin contributes to the formation of periderm granules and to the soft cornification of the embryonic epidermis before the definitive epidermis is formed. Scaffoldin is absent from the definitive and adult epidermis generated underneath the periderm in scales and in inter‐follicular regions. Scaffoldin mixes with corneous beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) synthesized in keratinocytes of the transitional layers formed beneath the periderm in the subunguis of the developing claws. Immunoreactivity for scaffoldin is absent in keratinocytes that accumulate corneous beta‐proteins such as those of scales, claws, and barbule‐barb cells of feathers. Corneous beta‐proteins represent the prevalent type of proteins present in adult epidermis of claws, scales, and feathers. These observations indicate that scaffoldin is a protein of transitional epidermal cells of the avian integument and might represent an important component of periderm granules. Anat Rec, 298:479–487, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Water Oxidation Mediated by a Mononuclear‐Cobalt(II)‐Substituted Silicotungstate
Authors: Xiang Rui , Ding Yong , Zhao Junwei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA mononuclear‐cobalt(II)‐substituted silicotungstate, K10[Co(H2O)2(γ‐SiW10O35)2]⋅23 H2O (POM‐1), has been evaluated as a light‐driven water‐oxidation catalyst. With in situ photogenerated [Ru(bpy)3]3+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) as the oxidant, quite high catalytic turnover number (TON; 313), turnover frequency (TOF; 3.2 s−1), and quantum yield (ΦQY; 27 %) for oxygen evolution at pH 9.0 were acquired. Comparison experiments with its structural analogues, namely [Ni(H2O)2(γ‐SiW10O35)2]10− (POM‐2) and [Mn(H2O)2(γ‐SiW10O35)2]10− (POM‐3), gave the conclusion that the cobalt center in POM‐1 is the active site. The hydrolytic stability of the title polyoxometalate (POM) was confirmed by extensive experiments, including UV/Vis spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and cathodic adsorption stripping analysis (CASA). As the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/visible light/sodium persulfate system was introduced, a POM–photosensitizer complex formed within minutes before visible‐light irradiation. It was demonstrated that this complex functioned as the active species, which remained intact after the oxygen‐evolution reaction. Multiple experimental parameters were investigated and the catalytic activity was also compared with the well‐studied POM‐based water‐oxidation catalysts (i.e., [Co4(H2O)2(α‐PW9O34)2]10− (Co4‐POM) and [CoIIICoII(H2O)W11O39]7− (Co2‐POM)) under optimum conditions.
Increased antioxidant capacity in tomato by ectopic expression of the strawberry D‐galacturonate reductase gene
Authors: Amaya Iraida , Osorio Sonia , Martinez‐Ferri Elsa , Lima‐Silva Viviana , Doblas Veronica G. , Fernández‐Muñoz Rafael , Fernie Alisdair R. , Botella Miguel A. , Valpuesta Victoriano 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncreasing L‐ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) content in fruits is a common goal in current breeding programs due to its beneficial effect on human health. Attempts to increase AsA content by genetic engineering have resulted in variable success likely due to AsA's complex regulation. Here, we report the effect of ectopically expressing in tomato the D‐galacturonate reductase (FaGalUR) gene from strawberry, involved in AsA biosynthesis, either under the control of the constitutive 35S or the tomato fruit‐specific polygalucturonase (PG) promoters. Although transgenic lines showed a moderate increase on AsA content, complex changes in metabolites were found in transgenic fruits. Metabolomic analyses of ripe fruits identified a decrease in citrate, glutamate, asparagine, glucose, and fructose, accompanied by an increase of sucrose, galactinol, and chlorogenic acid. Significant metabolic changes also occurred in leaves of 35S‐FaGalUR lines, which showed higher non‐photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), indicative of a higher constitutive photo‐protective capacity. Overall, overexpression of FaGalUR increased total antioxidant capacity in fruits and the results suggest a tight control of AsA content, probably linked to a complex regulation of cellular redox state and metabolic adjustment.
SIRT1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis, whereas DBC1 is associated with favorable outcomes in gastric cancer
Authors: Noguchi Akira , Kikuchi Keiji , Zheng Huachuan , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Miyagi Yohei , Aoki Ichiro , Takano Yasuo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractClinical trials of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as antitumor therapy have been conducted for gastric cancer. Expression of SIRT1, a class III HDAC, is related to poor prognosis in some malignancies. We investigated the correlation between SIRT1 expression and progression and prognosis of gastric cancers comparing with molecules linked to SIRT1 in order to better predict the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in treating this disease. We evaluated SIRT1 expression by western blot in 51 cases and SIRT1, DBC1, acetylated H4K16 (H4K16Ac), acetylated H3K9 (H3K9Ac), and p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 557 cases of gastric cancer. Western blotting showed that SIRT1 high expression related with statistics to advanced tumor progression, positive lymphatic invasion, positive venous invasion, and advanced stage but not to poor prognosis. IHC revealed that SIRT1 high expression correlated with worse clinico‐pathological prognostic factors as same as in western blotting and related poor prognosis both by univariate and multivariate analyses. By the contrast, DBC1 and H4K16Ac were related to favorable prognostic factors and linked to favorable prognosis by univariate analysis but not by multivariate analysis. H3K16Ac correlated only favorable prognostic factors. Results of p53 were very similar to those of SIRT1. We found that SIRT1 high expression closely correlates with progression and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. And it was also indicated that SIRT1 acts as an oncogene by the results of DBC1, H4K16Ac, and H3K9Ac and might be a target molecule of HDAC inhibitor treatment for gastric cancer patients.
Biofilm‐Eradicating Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Amphiphiles: Simple Mimics of Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Jennings Megan C. , Ator Laura E. , Paniak Thomas J. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. , Wuest William M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate because of reduced antibiotic sensitivity and altered metabolic processes; thus, the development of new approaches to biofilm eradication is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) are distinct, yet well‐known, classes of antibacterial compounds. By mapping the general regions of charge and hydrophobicity of QACs onto AMP structures, we designed a small library of QACs to serve as simple AMP mimics. In order to explore the role that cationic charge plays in biofilm eradication, structures were varied with respect to cationic character, distribution of charge, and alkyl side chain. The reported compounds possess minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) as low as 25 μM against Gram‐positive biofilms, making them the most active anti‐biofilm structures reported to date. These potent AMP mimics were synthesized in 1–2 steps and hint at the minimal structural requirements for biofilm destruction.
MAGBONS: Novel Magnetically Separable Carbonaceous Nanohybrids from Porous Polysaccharides
Authors: Ojeda Manuel , Balu Alina Mariana , Romero Antonio Angel , Esquinazi Pablo , Ruokolainen Janne , Sixta Herbert , Luque Rafael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNovel magnetically separable carbonaceous nanohybrids were prepared from porous starch by a direct multistep incorporation method. Materials denoted as MAGBON possessed an unprecedented magnetism at 450 °C and a somewhat similar structure to that of Starbon materials, with a contribution of CC, CO, and aromatic groups. Simple sulfonation of MAGBON450 provided access to sulfonated MAGBON materials with promising catalytic activities as shown in microwave‐assisted oxidations of benzyl alcohol and xylose dehydration to furfural.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes with Boryldisiloxane
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wang Yan‐Bo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBy employing 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐(pinacolboryl)disiloxane as a novel silicon source, the N‐heterocyclic carbene copper complex catalyzed hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes was developed to prepare vinyldisiloxanes in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner. A number of functional groups, including ether, ester, cyano, nitro, halo, hydroxyl, cyclopropyl, and aryl groups, were tolerated under the optimized conditions. A mechanistic investigation was undertaken by using density functional theory calculations. This approach allows facile entry to unsymmetrical disubstituted (E)‐alkenes by Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
Minimizing Polysulfide Shuttles in Lithium Sulfur Batteries by Introducing Immobile Lithium Ions into Carbon–Sulfur Nanocomposites
Authors: Cai Weiwei , Li Jing , Zhang Yunfeng , Xu Guodong , Cheng Hansong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA facile synthesis of a carbon–sulfur nanocomposite, of which the capacity retention ratio is substantially enhanced by almost 100 %, is presented for polysulfide shuttle reduction in lithium sulfur batteries through the introduction of immobile lithium‐ion sites into the composite. A commercial Nafion ionomer, which can reduce thiosulfate sodium to sulfur in situ, owing to its acidity, provides immobile lithium ions after lithium exchange in the nanocomposite to attract the negatively charged polysulfide species for reduction during discharge. The capacity decay of the second cycle discharge, which is about 25 % of the value for a conventional carbon–sulfur composite, is reduced to about 3 % by introducing Nafion into the nanocomposite, and the capacity retention of this novel carbon–Nafion–sulfur nanocomposite is improved by more than 100 % during long‐term battery operation.
DMAP‐BODIPY Alkynes: A Convenient Tool for Labeling Biomolecules for Bimodal PET–Optical Imaging
Authors: Brizet Bertrand , Goncalves Victor , Bernhard Claire , Harvey Pierre D. , Denat Franck , Goze Christine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSeveral new boron dipyrromethene/N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine (BODIPY‐DMAP) assemblies were synthesized as precursors for bimodal imaging probes (optical imaging, OI/positron emission tomography, PET). The photophysical properties of the new compounds were also studied. The first proof‐of‐concept was obtained with the preparation of several new BODIPY‐labeled bombesins and evaluation of the affinity for bombesin receptors by using a competition binding assay. Fluorination reactions were investigated on DMAP‐BODIPY precursors as well as on DMAP‐BODIPY‐labeled bombesins. Chemical modifications on the BODIPY core were also performed to obtain luminescent dyes emitting in the therapeutic window (650–900 nm), suitable for in vivo imaging, making these compounds promising precursors for PET/optical dual‐modality imaging agents.
Small Molecule Activation by POCOP‐Nickel Complexes
Authors: Hao Jingjun , Vabre Boris , Mougang‐Soumé Berline , Zargarian Davit 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis contribution describes the reactivities of CO2, CO, O2, and ArNC with the pincer‐type complexes [(κP,κC,κP′‐POCOP)NiX] (POCOP=(R2POCH2)2CH; R=iPr; X=OSiMe3, NArH; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). Reaction of the amido derivative with CO2 and CO leads to a simple insertion into the NiN bond to give stable carbamate and carbamoyl derivatives, respectively, the pincer ligand backbone remaining intact in both cases. In contrast, the analogous reactions with the siloxide derivative produced kinetically labile insertion products that either revert to the starting material (in the case of CO2) or react further to give the mixed‐valent, dinickel species [(POCOP)NiII{μ,κO,κP,κP′‐OCOCH(CH2CH2OPR2)2}Ni0(CO)2]. The zero‐valent center in the latter compound is ligated by a new ligand arising from transformation of the POCOP ligand backbone. The carbonylation and carboxylation of the siloxido derivative also produced minor quantities of a side‐product identified as the trinickel species, [{(η3‐allyl)Ni(μO,κP‐R2PO)2}2Ni], arising from total dismantling of the POCOP ligand. Similar reactivities were observed with isonitrile, ArNC: reaction with the siloxido derivative resulted in a complex sequence of steps involving initial insertion, a 1,3‐hydrogen shift, and an Arbuzov rearrangement to give [Ni(CNAr)4] and a methacrylamide based on fragments of the POCOP ligand. Oxygenation of the amido and siloxido derivatives led to the phosphinate derivative, [(POCOP)Ni(OP(O)R2)], arising from oxidative transformation of the original ligand frame; the reaction with the Ni‐NHAr derivative also gave ArHNP(O)R2 through a complex NP bond‐forming reaction.
Interpretation of NMR Relaxation as a Tool for Characterising the Adsorption Strength of Liquids inside Porous Materials
Authors: D'Agostino Carmine , Mitchell Jonathan , Mantle Michael D. , Gladden Lynn F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times are shown to provide a unique probe of adsorbate–adsorbent interactions in liquid‐saturated porous materials. A short theoretical analysis is presented, which shows that the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse relaxation times (T1/T2) is related to an adsorbate–adsorbent interaction energy, and we introduce a quantitative metric esurf (based on the relaxation time ratio) characterising the strength of this surface interaction. We then consider the interaction of water with a range of oxide surfaces (TiO2 anatase, TiO2 rutile, γ‐Al2O3, SiO2, θ‐Al2O3 and ZrO2) and show that esurf correlates with the strongest adsorption sites present, as determined by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Thus we demonstrate that NMR relaxation measurements have a direct physical interpretation in terms of the characterisation of activation energy of desorption from the surface. Further, for a series of chemically similar solid materials, in this case a range of oxide materials, for which at least two calibration values are obtainable by TPD, the esurf parameter yields a direct estimate of the maximum activation energy of desorption from the surface. The results suggest that T1/T2 measurements may become a useful addition to the methods available to characterise liquid‐phase adsorption in porous materials. The particular motivation for this work is to characterise adsorbate–surface interactions in liquid‐phase catalysis.
Activation of Sulfur Dioxide by Bis[N,N′‐diisopropylbenzamidinato(−)]silicon(II): Synthesis of Neutral Six‐Coordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes with Chelating O,O′‐Sulfito or O,O′‐Dithionito Ligands
Authors: Junold Konstantin , Mück Felix M. , Kupper Claudia , Baus Johannes A. , Burschka Christian , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe neutral six‐coordinate silicon(IV) complexes 2 and 3 (mixture of cis‐3 and trans‐3) were synthesized by reaction of the donor‐stabilized silylene bis[N,N′‐diisopropylbenzamidinato(−)]silicon(II) (1) with SO2. Compounds 2 and 3 are the first silicon(IV) complexes with chelating sulfito or dithionito ligands, and 3 is even the first molecular compound with a chelating dithionito ligand. Compounds 2 and 3 were structurally characterized by crystal structure analyses and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state and in solution.
Macrocyclic Olefin Metathesis at High Concentrations by Using a Phase‐Separation Strategy
Authors: Raymond Michaël , Holtz‐Mulholland Michael , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMacrocyclic olefin metathesis has seen advances in the areas of stereochemistry, chemoselectivity, and catalyst stability, but strategies aimed at controlling dilution effects in macrocyclizations are rare. Herein, a protocol to promote macrocyclic olefin metathesis, one of the most common synthetic tools used to prepare macrocycles, at relatively high concentrations (up to 60 mM) is described by exploitation of a phase‐separation strategy. A variety of macrocyclic skeletons could be prepared having either different alkyl, aryl, or amino acids spacers.
Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidative Coupling of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes within the Coordination Sphere of Copper Complexes
Authors: Lake Benjamin R. M. , Ariafard Alireza , Willans Charlotte E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe behavior of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in organometallic chemistry is hugely important for catalysis, due to the effect of these ligands on catalytic pathways and their involvement in catalyst decomposition. In this report, a combined experimental and computational study is presented, which provides mechanistic understanding of the unprecedented oxidative coupling of NHCs at Cu. The presence of CuI–, CuII–, and CuIII–NHC complexes during the process is postulated, with the unusual Ccarbene–Ccarbene oxidative coupling reaction occurring under extremely mild reaction conditions. This process may represent a novel pathway for the decomposition of Cu–NHC complexes.
Cu(I)–NHC‐Catalyzed Silylation of Allenes: Diastereoselective Three‐Component Coupling with Aldehydes
Authors: Rae James , Hu Ya Chu , Procter David J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed silylation of aryl allenes using a silylborane reagent affords vinyl silane building blocks with high efficiency. The use of a seven‐membered NHC ligand proved crucial for high regioselectivity. The catalytically generated allylcoppper intermediates were intercepted by aldehydes in a diastereoselective three‐component coupling to furnish homoallylic alcohols.