bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Diabetes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 12-year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Su Che-Chun , Chen Ie-Chiau , Young Fang-Ning , Lian Ie-Bin 
Published: July 2013

Objective.The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated, and the results were compared with non-RA controls to confirm whether RA is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan.Methods.We used a databank of 1 million individuals randomly selected from 23 million Taiwanese citizens covered by the National Health Insurance plan in 2005. All persons older than age 20 years in 1998 and not diagnosed with either RA or T2D before 1998 were included. They were divided into 2 cohorts, 1 with RA and the other without. Those who had T2D before RA were excluded. Each patient in the RA cohort was followed from the RA diagnosis until the end of 2009, or until dropping out of the insurance coverage. RA was ascertained by at least 3 visits using ICD-9 code 714.0, plus at least 2 visits with prescription of antirheumatic drugs in a period of 12 months. T2D was ascertained by at least 3 visits with diabetes codes within 1 year, while hypertension (HTN) and disorders of lipid metabolism (DLM) were determined by at least 3 visits using corresponding ICD codes during the study period. Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests, and Cox regression were used to study the effects of age, sex, glucocorticoid use, HTN, DLM, and RA on T2D risk.Results.The subjects include 600,695 adults. Of these, 4193 were diagnosed with RA, and among them 799 were diagnosed with T2D. The RA to non-RA risk ratio for T2D was 1.68 (95% CI 1.53–1.84) in men and 1.46 (95% CI 1.39–1.54) in women.Conclusion.RA appears to be associated with an increased risk for T2D in Taiwan.
Libres, durables et solidaires dans l'appropriation du numérique à Brest
Authors: Briand Michel 
Published: July 2013

La municipalité de Brest mène une politique publique du numérique avec 108 Points d’Accès Public à Internet. Dans quelques sites les décrocheurs scolaires s’engagent pour réduire la fracture numérique générationnelle. L’apprentissage des techniques collaboratives permet la production partagée de récits du territoire et la mise en réseau d’innovations sociales ouvertes.
Et la tendresse, bordel !
Authors: Molinier Pascale 
Published: July 2013

L’implantation dans le domaine des soins de nouveaux intervenants, de type « éthiciens » dont la formation est théorique, pourrait être perçue de l’extérieur, comme un progrès, une garantie morale. Mais ce point de vue résiste mal à l’épreuve des faits. Sur le terrain, les éthiciens et autres formateurs aux « bonnes pratiques » doivent avant tout leur légitimité à une suspicion généralisée vis-àvis des capacités morales des soignantes peu qualifiées ; une suspicion qu’ils ont largement contribué à entretenir et renforcer ces quinze dernières années, précisément par leur candide combat contre la « maltraitance », un terme imposé par eux et qui vient légitimer leur part de marché dans la gestion des affects.
« Be happy ! »
Authors: Gaignard Lise 
Published: July 2013

Se fondant sur le constat que la psychanalyse est une pratique de la société bourgeoise capitaliste occidentale, l’auteure propose d’instruire la place de l’argent dans la circulation pulsionnelle. Pour elle, la pratique de la psychanalyse est un rapport marchand dont l’argent est au centre des échanges et continuer à faire semblant de l’ignorer serait une erreur non seulement politique mais aussi technique. Dans une deuxième partie, elle rend compte de ce qu’elle entend dans les consultations « travail » qu’on lui adresse. Elle montre que leurs plaintes désespérées ou enragées masquent mal des malhonnêtetés, des mensonges, des arnaques en tous genres dont ils ne-réussissaient plus à être dupes. Elle prétend qu’une analyse économico-politique de leur trajet avec l’aide d’un clinicien est le meilleur moyen de transformer cette angoisse en embarras afin que leur vie redevienne vivable.
Very High Fluence Collagen Cross-linking as a Refractive Enhancement of a Regressed Previous Astigmatic Keratotomy
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John 
Published: July 2013

PURPOSE:
To report a novel application of collagen cross-linking (CXL) in refractive astigmatic enhancement of previously performed astigmatic keratotomy.

METHODS:
A 28-year-old woman with prior history of bioptics correction of high myopic astigmatism with femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy followed by topography-guided LASIK showed long-term regression of the astigmatism 4 years later. A novel CXL application was employed in an attempt to reverse the regression of the astigmatic keratotomy.

RESULTS:
The high fluence CXL intervention resulted in correction of 2 diopters of topographic and refractive cylinder. Uncorrected distance visual acuity changed from 20/50 to 20/20 and refraction from −0.50 −2.00 @ 90 to +0.25 −0.25 @ 90 at the 7-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
A possible novel application of high fluence CXL with refractive cornea effect is introduced. It may offer rapid and simple rehabilitation and its effect may be tapered.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(7):504–505.]
Dilute Brimonidine to Improve Patient Comfort and Subconjunctival Hemorrhage After LASIK
Authors: Pasquali Theodore A. , Aufderheide Adam , Brinton Jason P. , Avila Michele R. , Stahl Erin D. , Durrie Daniel S. 
Published: July 2013

PURPOSE:
To investigate whether dilute brimonidine (0.025%) reduces patient discomfort, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and injection after LASIK without a significant increase in the rate of flap complications or surgical enhancements.

METHODS:
This randomized, double-blind, prospective study enrolled 180 patients (360 eyes) in a contralateral eye comparison of topical dilute brimonidine, naphazoline/pheniramine, or Systane Ultra (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) administered shortly before LASIK for any indication. Patients were evaluated for subconjunctival hemorrhage, injection, and flap dislocation 1 hour and 1 day postoperatively. Patient questionnaires measuring patient comfort and ocular symptoms were administered at these same follow-up visits. Patients were examined for 3 months to determine similar outcomes for standard indices of safety, predictability, efficacy, and enhancement rates.

RESULTS:

Scores of patient discomfort, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and injection were significantly lower in eyes treated with dilute brimonidine at the 1 hour and 1 day postoperative examinations. Refloats for mild-flap edge wrinkling were required in 3 brimonidine eyes (2.5%), 1 naphazoline/pheniramine eye (0.8%), and no control eyes, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (
P
= .18). There was no significant difference between eyes at 3 months in terms of visual acuity, refractive error, corrected distance visual acuity, or rate of enhancement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of dilute brimonidine before LASIK reduces subconjunctival hemorrhage and injection and improves patient comfort after surgery. Flap edge wrinkling requiring refloat may still be a complication with dilute brimonidine.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2013;29(7):469–475.]
Comparison of Induced versus Natural Regulatory T Cells of the Same TCR Specificity for Induction of Tolerance to an Environmental Antigen
Authors: Huang Hui , Ma Yanna , Dawicki Wojciech , Zhang Xiaobei , Gordon John R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Recent evidence shows that natural CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTreg) and induced CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (iTreg) both contribute to tolerance in mouse models of colitis and asthma, but there is little evidence regarding their relative contributions to this tolerance. We compared the abilities of nTreg and iTreg, both from OVA-TCR–transgenic OTII mice, to mediate tolerance in OVA-asthmatic C57BL/6 mice. The iTreg were differentiated from Th2 effector T cells by exposure to IL-10–differentiated dendritic cells (DC10) in vitro or in vivo, whereas we purified nTreg from allergen-naive mice and exposed them to DC10 before use. Each Treg population was subsequently repurified and tested for its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. DC10 engaged the nTreg in a cognate fashion in Forster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer assays, and these nTreg reduced in vitro OVA-asthmatic Th2 effector T cell responses by 41–56%, whereas the comparator iTreg reduced these responses by 72–86%. Neutralization of IL-10, but not TGF-β, eliminated the suppressive activities of iTreg but not nTreg. Delivery of 5 × 105 purified nTreg reduced allergen challenge–induced airway IL-4 (p ≤ 0.03) and IL-5 (p ≤ 0.001) responses of asthmatic recipients by ≤23% but did not affect airway hyperresponsiveness or IgE levels, whereas equal numbers of iTreg of identical TCR specificity reduced all airway responses to allergen challenge by 82–96% (p ≤ 0.001) and fully normalized airway hyperresponsiveness. These data confirm that allergen-specific iTreg and nTreg have active roles in asthma tolerance and that iTreg are substantially more tolerogenic in this setting.
Active Caspase-3 Is Stored within Secretory Compartments of Viable Mast Cells
Authors: Garcia-Faroldi Gianni , Melo Fabio R. , Rönnberg Elin , Grujic Mirjana , Pejler Gunnar 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Caspase-3 is a main executioner of apoptotic cell death. The general notion is that, in viable cells, caspase-3 is found as a cytosolic inactive proenzyme and that caspase-3 activation is largely confined to processes associated with cell death. In this study, we challenge this notion by showing that enzymatically active caspase-3 is stored in viable mast cells. The enzymatically active caspase-3 was undetectable in the cytosol of viable cells, but was recovered in subcellular fractions containing secretory granule-localized proteases. Moreover, active caspase-3 was rapidly released into the cytosolic compartment after permeabilization of the secretory granules. Using a cell-permeable substrate for caspase-3, the presence of active caspase-3–like activity in granule-like compartments close to the plasma membrane was demonstrated. Moreover, it was shown that mast cell activation caused release of the caspase-3 to the cell exterior. During the course of mast cell differentiation from bone marrow cells, procaspase-3 was present in cells of all stages of maturation. In contrast, active caspase-3 was undetectable in bone marrow precursor cells, but increased progressively during the process of mast cell maturation, its accumulation coinciding with that of a mast cell–specific secretory granule marker, mouse mast cell protease 6. Together, the current study suggests that active caspase-3 can be stored within secretory compartments of viable mast cells.
Cutting Edge: The NLRP3 Inflammasome Links Complement-Mediated Inflammation and IL-1β Release
Authors: Laudisi Federica , Spreafico Roberto , Evrard Maximilien , Hughes Timothy R. , Mandriani Barbara , Kandasamy Matheswaran , Morgan B. Paul , Sivasankar Baalasubramanian , Mortellaro Alessandra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The complement system is a potent component of the innate immune response, promoting inflammation and orchestrating defense against pathogens. However, dysregulation of complement is critical to several autoimmune and inflammatory syndromes. Elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is often linked to such diseases. In this study, we reveal the mechanistic link between complement and IL-1β secretion using murine dendritic cells. IL-1β secretion occurs following intracellular caspase-1 activation by inflammasomes. We show that complement elicits secretion of both IL-1β and IL-18 in vitro and in vivo via the NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect depends on the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC, as well as caspase-1 activity. Interestingly, sublethal complement membrane attack complex formation, but not the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. These findings provide insight into the molecular processes underlying complement-mediated inflammation and highlight the possibility of targeting IL-1β to control complement-induced disease and pathological inflammation.
Y14 Positively Regulates TNF-α–Induced NF-κB Transcriptional Activity via Interacting RIP1 and TRADD Beyond an Exon Junction Complex Protein
Authors: Togi Sumihito , Shiga Kaname , Muromoto Ryuta , Kato Masaya , Souma Yuki , Sekine Yuichi , Kon Shigeyuki , Oritani Kenji , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Although Y14 is known to be a component of the exon junction complex, we previously reported that Y14 regulates IL-6–induced STAT3 activation. In this study, we showed that endogenous Y14 positively regulated TNF-α–induced IL-6 expression in HeLa cells. Small interfering RNA–mediated Y14-knockdown reduced TNF-α–induced and NF-κB–mediated transcriptional activity, phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα, and nuclear localization of NF-κB/p65. As in the case of IL-6 stimuli, Y14 enhanced TNF-α–induced STAT3 phosphorylation, which is important for its nuclear retention. However, our manipulation of Y14 expression indicated that it is involved in TNF-α–induced IL-6 expression via both STAT3-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We screened signaling molecules in the TNF-α–NF-κB pathway and found that Y14 endogenously associated with receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD). Overexpression of RIP1, but not TRADD, restored TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation in Y14-knockdown cells, and Y14 overexpression restored TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation in TRADD-knockdown cells, but not in RIP1-knockdown cells, indicating that Y14 lies downstream of TRADD and upstream of RIP1. Of importance, Y14 significantly enhanced the binding between RIP1 and TRADD, and this is a possible new mechanism for Y14-mediated modification of TNF-α signals. Although Y14 associates with MAGOH in the exon junction complex, Y14’s actions in the TNF-α–NF-κB pathway are unlikely to require MAGOH. Therefore, Y14 positively regulates signals for TNF-α–induced IL-6 production at multiple steps beyond an exon junction complex protein.
Simultaneous Determination of Co-formulated Matrine and Secnidazole in Suppositories by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Lv Haixia , Ma Suying , Wang Xiao , Shang Xiaojun 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To develop and validate a new, simple, sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simulataneous determination of matrine and secnidazole in suppositories.Methods: The method involved using a SinoChoom ODS-BP C18 column (5 ƒÊm, 4.6 mm ~ 200 mm) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile.triethylamine (0.05 %) in 0.025 mol/L KH2PO4 (20:80, v/v).The flow rate was 1 mL/min and detection was monitored at 210 and 311 nm for matrine and secnidazole, respectively. Total run time was 10 min and the column was maintained at 35 oC.Results: The excipients in the suppository did not interfere with the drug peaks. Matrine was eluted at a retention time (RT) of 4.30 min while linearity for the quantification of drug was obtained in the concentration range of 10.0 - 100.0 ƒÊg/mL (r2 = 0.9991). Secnidazole was eluted at a retention time (tr) of 6.69 min and linearity for the quantification of the drug was obtained in the concentration range of 10.0 - 150.0 ƒÊg/mL (r2 = 0.9993). Intra- and inter-day variations were < 1.0 % for both matrine andsecnidazole.Conclusion: The developed HPLC method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and proved to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of matrine and secnidazole in suppositories.Keywords: Matrine, Secnidazole, Suppository, HPLC, Assay
Cyclic Alkyl(aryl)boranes for 1,1-Carboboration of Monoalkynyltin Compounds
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Thoma Peter , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Two cyclic alkyl(aryl)boranes, a 1-bora-indane derivative 1, and a tricyclic derivative 4, containing the boron atom in a six-membered ring, were structurally characterized by NMR techniques in solution. The solid-state structure of the 1-bora-indane 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The reactivity of these cyclic alkyl(aryl)boranes towards monoalkynyltin compounds, Me3Sn-C≡C-Me and Me3Sn-C C-Fc (Fc=ferrocenyl), was studied using multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1H, 11B, 13C, 119Sn NMR). Novel alkenylboranes were formed by 1,1-carboboration reactions. This process involves an expansion of both five- and six-membered rings. Insertion into the respective B-C(aryl) bond was preferred with high selectivity. In the case of the six-membered ring in 4, the ring expansion to seven-membered rings proved to be readily reversible, and the thermodynamically stable reaction products were formed by ring contraction and concomitant transfer of the exocyclic B-nPr group
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium Perrhenate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yue Shuang , Fang Da-Wei , Li Jun , Zang Shu-Liang , Zhou Ming-Dong , Zhang Bo , Markovits Iulius I. E. , Cokoja Mirza , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A series of air- and water-stable imidazolium perrhenate-based room-temperature ionic liquids [(RT)ILs] of the type [Cnmim][ReO4] (Cnmim = 1-CnH2n+1-3-methylimidazolium, n = 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12) have been synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and elemental analysis (EA). The effect of the variation of the alkyl chain length on physical properties such as melting point, thermal stability, density, and conductivity was examined
Ferromagnetism and the Formation of Interlayer As2 Dimers in Ca(Fe1-xNix)2As2
Authors: Pobel Roman , Frankovsky Rainer , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The compounds Ca(Fe1-xNix)2As2 with the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (space group I4=mmm) show a continuous transition of the interlayer As-As distances from a non-bonding state in CaFe2As2 (dAs-As =313 pm) to single-bonded As2 dimers in CaNi2As2 (dAs-As =260 pm). Magnetic measurements have revealed weak ferromagnetism which develops near the composition Ca(Fe0:5Ni0:5)2As2, while the compounds with lower and higher nickel concentrations are both Pauli-paramagnetic. DFT band structure calculations have shown that the As2 dimer formation is a consequence of weaker metal-metal bonding in the MAs4/4 layers (M=Fe1-xNix) of the Ni-rich compounds, and depends not on depopulation or shift of As-As σ antibonding states as previously suggested. Our results also show that the ferromagnetism of Ca(Fe0:5Ni0:5)2As2 and related compounds like SrCo2(Ge0:5P0:5)2 is not as recently suggested induced by dimer breaking, but arises from the high density of states generated by the transition metal 3d bands near the Fermi level without contribution from dimers
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Polymorphism of New Cadmium and Zinc Thio- and Selenocyanato Coordination Compounds with 4-Acetylpyridine as N-Donor Ligand
Authors: Werner Julia , Jess Inke , Näther Christian 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Reactions of cadmium(II) thio- and selenocyanate with 4-acetylpyridine in different molar ratios and in different solvents always lead to the formation of compounds of composition Cd(NCS)2(4- acetylpyridine)2 (Cd1-I) and Cd(NCSe)2(4-acetylpyridine)2 (Cd2). Both compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c. In their crystal structures the Cd cations are coordinated by two N-bonded 4-acetylpyridine ligands as well as two N- and two S/Se-bonded thio- or selenocyanato anions within a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The Cd cations are linked into chains by pairwise μ-1,3-coordinating thio- or selenocyanato anions. In one reaction single crystals of a second polymorphic modification of composition Cd(NCS)2(4-acetylpyridine)2 (Cd1-II) were obtained by accident. This modification crystallizes monoclinically in space group P21/c, exhibits the same topology of the coordination network as in Cd1-I and Cd2 but a different arrangement of the chains in the crystal. Similar investigations with Zn(II) have revealed that only one compound of composition Zn(NCS)2(4-acetylpyridine)2 can be prepared that crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1. Its structure consists of discrete complexes in which the Zn(II) cations are tetrahedrally coordinated. A corresponding selenocyanato coordination compound could not be prepared
Molecular and Crystal Structure of Chlorido[2-(N,N,N',N'- tetramethylamidinio)ethynido]silver
Authors: Weingärtner Werner , Maas Gerhard 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The solid-state structure of chlorido[2-(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylamidinio)ethynido]silver (3), obtained by C(sp)-metalation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-propiolamidinium chloride with silver(I) oxide, has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. A comparison of bond lengths in the propiolamidinium moiety with those of the two genuine propiolamidinium salts 4 and 5, as well as with data for the isolated N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-propiolamidinium cation obtained by quantum-chemical calculations, has been made. It can be concluded that complex 3 is better described as a (tetramethylamidinio) ethynyl than as a 3,3-bis(dimethylamino)allenylidene silver complex
Review. Regioselective Functionalization of Pyridines using a Directed Metalation or a Halogen/Metal Exchange
Authors: Manolikakes Sophia M. , Barl Nadja M. , Sämann Christoph , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This review describes the various ways of functionalizing the pyridine scaffold using either directed metalation or halogen/metal exchange. Deprotonation can be accomplished with different lithium amides or alkyllithium reagents at low temperature. Milder conditions and higher functional group tolerance can be achieved by using ate-bases with different metals (Cd, Mg, Zn) or TMP (2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidyl) metal reagents (metal=Mg, Zn, Zr). With alkyllithium reagents it is also possible, by carefully adjusting the reaction conditions, to perform bromine/lithium exchange reactions. Organomagnesium reagents, like iPrMgX (X=Br, Cl LiCl), may be used for exchanging more sensitive iodinated or brominated pyridines
Preparation of CaCO3 and CaO Replicas Retaining the Hierarchical Structure of SpruceWood
Authors: Klaithong Somruedee , Opdenbosch Daniel Van , Zollfrank Cordt , Plank Johann 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The principal structural characteristics of softwood (spruce) were replicated in CaCO3 and CaO on various levels of hierarchy from the macroscopic to the submicron scale. Positive replicas were obtained by infiltrating pretreated softwood templates with a Ca(OCOOCH3)2 precursor solution which hydrolyzed into CaCO3 nanoparticles. They reproduce the hierarchical porous structure of the wood template. Calcination at temperatures from 350 to 900 °C yields calcite as the main polymorph. Mechanical stability of the replica is optimized when the specimen is calcined at 900 °C
Review. Fluorescence Microscopy Studies of Porous Silica Materials
Authors: Rühle Bastian , Davies Melari , Bein Thomas , Bräuchle Christoph 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this article, we discuss how fluorescence microscopy techniques are used to investigate important characteristics of porous silica materials. We start with a discussion of the synthesis, formation mechanism and functionalization of these materials. We then give an introduction to single molecule microscopy and show how this technique can be used to gain deeper insights into some defining properties of porous silica, such as pore structure, host-guest interactions and diffusion dynamics. We also provide examples from the literature demonstrating how fluorescence microscopy is used for elucidating important aspects of porous silica materials and heterogeneous catalysis, e. g. diffusion properties, reactivity, morphology, intergrowth, accessibility, and catalyst deactivation. Finally, a short outlook on the scope of porous silica hosts in drug delivery applications is given