bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rho GTPases and cancer
Authors: Li Hui , Peyrollier Karine , Kilic Gülcan , Brakebusch Cord 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRho GTPases are a family of small GTPases, which play an important role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Not surprisingly, Rho GTPases are crucial for cell migration and therefore highly important for cancer cell invasion and the formation of metastases. In addition, Rho GTPases are involved in growth and survival of tumor cells, in the interaction of tumor cells with their environment, and they are vital for the cancer supporting functions of the tumor stroma. Recent research has significantly improved our understanding of the regulation of Rho GTPase activity, the specificity of Rho GTPases, and their function in tumor stem cells and tumor stroma. This review summarizes these novel findings and tries to define challenging questions for future research. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(2):226–235, 2014
Homology modeling and molecular docking for the science curriculum
Authors: McDougal Owen M. , Cornia Nic , Sambasivarao S. V. , Remm Andrew , Mallory Chris , Oxford Julia Thom , Maupin C. Mark , Andersen Tim 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDockoMatic 2.0 is a powerful open source software program (downloadable from sourceforge.net) that allows users to utilize a readily accessible computational tool to explore biomolecules and their interactions. This manuscript describes a practical tutorial for use in the undergraduate curriculum that introduces students to macromolecular structure creation, ligand binding calculations, and visualization of docking results. A student procedure is provided that illustrates the use of DockoMatic to create a homology model for the amino propeptide region (223 amino acids with two disulfide bonds) of collagen α1 (XI), followed by molecular docking of the commercial drug Arixtra® to the homology model of α1 (XI), and finally, analysis of the results of the docking experiment. The activities and Supporting Information described are intended to educate students in the use of computational tools to create and investigate homology models for other systems of interest and to train students to perform and analyze molecular docking studies. The tutorial also serves as a foundation for investigators seeking to explore the viability of using computational biochemistry to study their receptor–ligand binding motifs. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):179–182, 2014.
An inquiry‐based biochemistry laboratory structure emphasizing competency in the scientific process: A guided approach with an electronic notebook format
Authors: L. Hall Mona , Vardar‐Ulu Didem 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe laboratory setting is an exciting and gratifying place to teach because you can actively engage the students in the learning process through hands‐on activities; it is a dynamic environment amenable to collaborative work, critical thinking, problem‐solving and discovery. The guided inquiry‐based approach described here guides the students through their laboratory work at a steady pace that encourages them to focus on quality observations, careful data collection and thought processes surrounding the chemistry involved. It motivates students to work in a collaborative manner with frequent opportunities for feedback, reflection, and modification of their ideas. Each laboratory activity has four stages to keep the students' efforts on track: pre‐lab work, an in‐lab discussion, in‐lab work, and a post‐lab assignment. Students are guided at each stage by an instructor created template that directs their learning while giving them the opportunity and flexibility to explore new information, ideas, and questions. These templates are easily transferred into an electronic journal (termed the E‐notebook) and form the basic structural framework of the final lab reports the students submit electronically, via a learning management system. The guided‐inquiry based approach presented here uses a single laboratory activity for undergraduate Introductory Biochemistry as an example. After implementation of this guided learning approach student surveys reported a higher level of course satisfaction and there was a statistically significant improvement in the quality of the student work. Therefore we firmly believe the described format to be highly effective in promoting student learning and engagement. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):58–67, 2014.
Validated LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of hyperoside and 2′′–O‐galloylhyperin in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Zhou Donghui , Jin Yuanzhe , Yao Fengchen , Duan Zhiying , Wang Qi , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAn LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the first time to simultaneously determine hyperoside and 2′′–O‐galloylhyperin, two major components in Pyrola calliantha extract, in rat plasma. Following extraction by one‐step protein precipitation with methanol, the analytes were separated on a Venusil MP‐C18 column within 2 min, using methanol–water–formic acid (50:50:0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection was performed on electrospray negative ionization mass spectrometry by multiple‐reaction monitoring of the transitions of 2′′–O‐galloylhyperin at m/z 615.1 → 301.0, of hyperoside at m/z 463.1 → 300.1, and of internal standard at m/z 415.1 → 295.1. The limits of quantification were 2 ng/mL for both hyperoside and 2′′–O‐galloylhyperin. The precisions were <13.1%, and the accuracies were between −9.1 and 5.5% for both compounds. The method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies following intravenous administration of the total flavonoids of P. calliantha extract in rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Polynomial Ballisticity Conditions for Random Walk in Random Environment
Authors: Berger Noam , Drewitz Alexander , Ramírez Alejandro F. 
Published: December 2013

The conditions (T)γ, γ ∊ (0,1), which were introduced by Sznitman in 2002, have had a significant impact on research in random walk in a random environment. Among others, these conditions entail a ballistic behavior as well as an invariance principle. They require the stretched exponential decay of certain slab exit probabilities for the random walk under the averaged measure and are asymptotic in nature.The main goal of this paper is to show that in all relevant dimensions (i.e., d ≥ 2), in order to establish the conditions (T)γ, it is actually enough to check a corresponding condition (𝒫) of polynomial type. In addition to only requiring an a priori weaker decay of the corresponding slab exit probabilities than (T)γ, another advantage of the condition (𝒫) is that it is effective in the sense that it can be checked on finite boxes.In particular, this extends the conjectured equivalence of the conditions (T)γ, γ ∊ (0,1), to all relevant dimensions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Her‐2/neu status using immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization on fine‐needle aspiration cytology smears: Experience from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Durgapal Prashant , Mathur Sandeep R. , Kalamuddin Md. , Datta Gupta Siddhartha , Parshad Rajinder , Julka Pramod K. , Panda S. K. 
Published: December 2013

Breast carcinoma shows amplification/overexpression of Her‐2/neu in ∼20–30% of cases. The determination of Her‐2/neu expression accurately is vital in clinical practice as it has significant predictive value and eligibility for anti Her‐2/neu therapy. Amplification and overexpression of Her‐2/neu gene is traditionally identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue sections; only a few studies have evaluated feasibility of these techniques on cytological smears.One hundred cases of breast cancer with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples and corresponding surgically resected specimen were selected. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and FISH for Her‐2/neu was done on FNA smears, whereas IHC was performed on corresponding tissue sections.Diagnostic accuracy of ICC was 99% when compared with IHC. Comparison of FISH results with IHC showed 100% concordance.Unlike many centers in West, FNAC is still routinely performed in developing countries like India where vast majority of breast cancer cases present as palpable lumps. The high rates of accuracy of ICC and FISH for Her‐2/neu detection can make FNAC a relevant first line of investigation as a cost effective model with a rapid turn‐around time, providing complete information necessary for initial management of breast cancer patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:726–731. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of aging through reduced demographic stochasticity – an extension of the pleiotropy theory to finite populations
Authors: Giaimo Stefano 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn finite populations, there is selection against demographic stochasticity. In this study, it is shown that an increase in the rate of aging, here defined as an increase in early‐life survival at the expense of later survival, may reduce this form of stochasticity. In particular, a trade‐off between juvenile and adult survival is highly efficient in reducing demographic stochasticity. Therefore, aging may evolve as a response to selective pressure for reduced demographic stochasticity.
Structural and functional underconnectivity as a negative predictor for language in autism
Authors: Verly Marjolein , Verhoeven Judith , Zink Inge , Mantini Dante , Oudenhove Lukas Van , Lagae Lieven , Sunaert Stefan , Rommel Nathalie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe development of language, social interaction, and communicative skills are remarkably different in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Atypical brain connectivity has frequently been reported in this patient population. However, the interplay between their brain connectivity and language performance remains largely understudied. Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography and resting‐state fMRI, the authors explored the structural and functional connectivity of the language network and its relation to the language profile in a group of healthy control subjects (N = 25) and a group of children with ASD (N = 17). The authors hypothesized that in children with ASD, a neural connectivity deficit of the language network can be related to the observed abnormal language function. They found an absence of the right‐hemispheric arcuate fascicle (AF) in 28% (7/25) of the healthy control children and in 59% (10/17) of the children with ASD. In contrast to healthy control children, the absence of the right‐hemispheric AF in children with autism was related to a lower language performance as indicated by a lower verbal IQ, lower scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and lower language scores on the Dutch version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF‐4NL). In addition, through iterative fMRI data analyses, the language impairment of children with ASD could be linked to a marked loss of intrahemispheric functional connectivity between inferior frontal and superior temporal regions, known as the cortical language network. Both structural and functional underconnectivity patterns coincide and are related to an abnormal language function in children with ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3602–3615, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing declining yields from ageing tea plantations
Authors: Kibblewhite Mark G , Prakash Sudhir , Hazarika Mridul , Burgess Paul J , Sakrabani Ruben 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStrong growth in the demand for tea requires further increases in the productivity of plantations. Declining or stagnant yields are commonly observed in older plantations. Possible controlling factors for yield decline are reviewed including ageing of plants, chronic disease and sub‐optimal soil conditions such as excess soil acidity and low soil organic matter. Management options for addressing these factors are evaluated, including replanting. A systematic approach to decision‐making about replanting is presented. Practice for replanting is reviewed and it is concluded that evidence to support a general case for replanting is limited, unless based on the introduction of more productive clones and/or better plant spacing. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of the implantable Doppler probe in free flap surgery
Authors: Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisFree tissue transfer has success rates greater than 95%. Approximately 10% will require reexploration for vascular compromise. Return to the operating room within 48 hours yields the highest rate of successful salvage. Our aim was to determine whether an implantable Doppler used for intraoperative/postoperative monitoring would 1) alter the pattern of detecting flap failure and 2) alter the overall incidence of flap survival.Study DesignProspective analysis.MethodsGeneric and study specific data was collected. Note was made at the end of the case if revision of the vascular anastomosis was performed. Data was collected for flap outcomes in the postoperative period.ResultsA total of 1,236 free tissues transfers from 2001 through 2011 were analyzed. Ninety‐four were outside the head and neck or the Doppler was not used/inadvertently discontinued. A total of 1,142 flaps make up the study cohort. One hundred thirty‐four (11.7%) intraoperative flow problems were detected, all successfully revised. Of these, 15 (11%) required postoperative revision and five (33%) were successfully salvaged, with an overall survival 93%. A total of 1,008 flaps did not require intraoperative revision, 62 required reexploration (6.1%), and 38 (61%) were salvaged. The overall survival was 97.6%. There were eight false positive (no intervention) and 10 false negatives. Sensitivity was 87% with specificity 99%.ConclusionIntraoperative Doppler's increase the detection of immediate/incipient vascular problems. Patients requiring revision in the operating room require revision more often in the postoperative period (P = .03) and are less likely to have successful salvage and a lower flap survival rate (P = .05).Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:S1–S12, 2014
Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofibers Prepared from Poly((N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(N‐hydroxymethylacrylamide)) and Their Blends with 1,2‐Diaminoanthraquinone for NO Gas Detection
Authors: Chen Liang‐Nien , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Hung Jr‐Jian , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: December 2013

Multifunctional electrospun (ES) nanofibers are successfully prepared from blends of poly((N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(N‐hydroxymethylacrylamide)) (poly(NIPAAm‐co‐NMA)) with NO(g)‐responsive 1,2‐diaminoanthraquinone (DAQ). Different compositions of poly(NIPAAm‐co‐NMA) are synthesized by free radical polymerization. The NMA content significantly affects the stability of the ES nanofibers in water and the NO(g) detection due to a change of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics. In addition, the fibers exhibit a significant volume (or hydrophilic/hydrophobic) change during the heating and cooling cycle between 25 and 50 °C, attributed to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristic of the thermoresponsive NIPAAm moiety. On the other hand, a distinct on/off switching of the optical absorption spectra and high color contrast on detecting the NO(g) are observed using the ES nanofibers of poly(NIPAAm‐co‐NMA)/DAQ blends. The high surface/volume of ES fibers enhance the sensitivity and responsive speed, compared with that of drop‐cast film. The above studies suggest that the prepared multifunctional ES nanofibers have potential applications in environmentally sensing devices.
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Elaboration of Thermoresponsive Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers in Water from Complementary CBPQT4+ and TTF End‐Functionalized Polymers
Authors: Sambe Léna , Stoffelbach François , Poltorak Katarzyna , Lyskawa Joël , Malfait Aurélie , Bria Marc , Cooke Graeme , Woisel Patrice 
Published: December 2013

A well‐defined poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) 1 incorporating at one termini a cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+) recognition unit is prepared via a RAFT polymerization followed by a copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). 1H NMR (1D, DOSY), UV–vis and ITC experiments reveal that polymer 1 is able of forming effective host–guest complexes with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) end‐functionalized polymers in water, thereby leading to the formation of non‐covalently‐linked double‐hydrophilic block copolymers. The effect of the temperature on both the LCST phase transition of 1 and its complexes and on CBPQT4+/TTF host–guest interactions is investigated.
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Referral and diagnostic trends in pediatric electromyography in the molecular era
Authors: Karakis Ioannis , Liew Wendy , Darras Basil T. , Jones H. Royden , Kang Peter B. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Major advances in genetic analysis and neuroimaging have modified the traditional diagnostic approach for neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of electromyography (EMG) in the molecular era. Methods: We retrospectively surveyed reports of all EMG studies performed at Boston Children's Hospital from 2001 through 2011. Data were collected on study numbers, patient ages, referring provider subspecialty, study indication, electrophysiological diagnosis, and study utility. Results: A total of 2100 studies were performed. The volume increased from ∽160 to ∽250 studies/year. There was a trend toward studying older children. Neurologists, including neuromuscular specialists, constituted the major referral pool, whereas referrals from orthopedics increased steadily. Polyneuropathies followed by mononeuropathies were the most common indications and diagnoses. Fifty‐seven percent of studies were normal. EMG provided meaningful information in 94% of cases. Conclusion: EMG continues to play a cardinal role in the diagnosis of pediatric neuromuscular disorders, although its practice paradigm is evolving. Muscle Nerve 50:244–249, 2014
Development of the distinct lattice spring model for large deformation analyses
Authors: Zhao G.‐F. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis study develops the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) for geometrically nonlinear large deformation problems. The formulation of a spring bond deformation under a large deformation is derived under the Lagrange framework using polar decomposition. The results reveal that the DLSM's stiffness matrix under small deformations is the tangent stiffness matrix of the DLSM under large deformations. The formulation of the spring bond internal force under a given configuration is also presented and can be used to calculate the unbalanced force. Using these formulations, three nonlinear solving methods (the Euler method, modified Euler method, and Newton method) are developed for the DLSM with which to tackle large deformation problems. To investigate the performance of the developed model, three numerical examples involving large deformations are presented, the results of which are also in good agreement with the analytical and finite element method solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Organizational Social Capital through Value Configurations
Authors: Schnurbein Georg von 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNonprofits are said to serve as places for the reproduction of social capital. However, little is known about how to manage social capital in a nonprofit. This article presents a theory‐based perspective on how to plan, execute, and measure social capital production in a nonprofit organization. By using the concept of value configurations as a method to analyze and describe the creation of organizational social capital, bonding and bridging social capital can be managed in alternative ways. In a value shop framework, the participants are more homogeneous, and growth is heavily based on referrals and reputation as well as the quality of the members. Organizations managed as value shops will foster bonding social capital. In contrast, a value network framework incorporates more likely heterogeneous, multilevel participants that add legitimacy to the network. Organizations in this framework will strengthen the evolution of bridging social capital.
Retrospective evaluation of antithrombin III supplementation in neonates and infants receiving enoxaparin for treatment of thrombosis
Authors: Corder Amy , Held Kristin , Oschman Alexandra 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThromboembolic events are occurring at increasing rates in neonates and infants. At Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, antithrombin III (AT3) concentrates are often used in combination with enoxaparin to supplement physiologically low AT3 levels. Theoretically, AT3 enhances the anticoagulant activity of enoxaparin and results in decreased time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. No data exist on use of AT3 for this indication.ProcedureThis retrospective study compared time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels in patients <1 year of age receiving enoxaparin with AT3 (Group 1) and without AT3 (Group 2) for treatment of thrombosis. Primary objective was to compare time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels (0.5–1 U/ml) between groups. Secondary objectives included comparison of the initial and therapeutic dose of enoxaparin, enoxaparin dose changes, AT3 supplementation, and level monitoring. Bleeding events and cost were also evaluated. Statistical tests included Schuirmann's two one‐sided tests for equivalence and general linear models/logistic regression for independent effects of age, critical illness, and timing of AT3.ResultsMean time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels were not equivalent between Groups 1 and 2 (80.7 vs. 65.2 hours; P = 0.28). Initial enoxaparin dose and number of dose changes were equivalent. Group 1 required higher doses of enoxaparin to achieve therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. Age, critical illness, and timing of AT3 had no effect on time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels. Bleeding events were not equivalent between Groups 1 and 2 (14.3% vs. 3.9%; P = 0.55).ConclusionSupplementation with AT3 did not decrease time to therapeutic anti‐Xa levels, added significant cost, and was associated with increased bleeding events. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1063–1067. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing the electrical power output of a thermogenerator with the Gerstenmaier/Wachutka approach
Authors: Seifert Wolfgang , Pluschke Volker , Zabrocki Knud 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGerstenmaier and Wachutka have published in PRE 86, 056703 (2012) a new approach (in this paper denoted as G/W approach) to optimizing the material grading in thermoelectric (TE) converters by means of a generalized Lagrange multiplier method. This powerful method allows considering all relevant performance maximization problems within both the “x‐domain” and the “T‐domain”; in the latter case the compatibility approach has been recovered by independent proof. Here, we adapt the G/W approach to optimizing spatial TE material profiles in order to get maximum electrical power output of a graded thermogenerator with fixed length. The new findings are compared with results previously published. This particularly applies the comparison of the optimal Seebeck coefficients for maximum efficiency and maximum power output.