bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayer Fluorine‐Free MoBTx MBene with Hydrophilic Structural‐Modulating for the Fabrication of a Low‐Resistance and High‐Resolution Humidity Sensor
Authors: Liu Yong , Tian Yumiao , Liu Fangmeng , Gu Tianyi , Wang Bin , He Junming , Wang Chen , Meng Xing , Sun Peng , Lu Geyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2D transition metal borides (MBenes) with abundant surface terminals hold great promise in molecular sensing applications. However, MBenes from etching with fluorine‐containing reagents present inert ‐fluorine groups on the surface, which hinders their sensing capability. Herein, the multilayer fluorine‐free MoBTx MBene (where Tx represents O, OH, and Cl) with hydrophilic structure is prepared by a hydrothermal‐assisted hydrochloric acid etching strategy based on guidance from the first‐principle calculations. Significantly, the fluorine‐free MoBTx‐based humidity sensor is fabricated and demonstrates low resistance and excellent humidity performance, achieving a response of 90% to 98%RH and a high resolution of 1%RH at room temperature. By combining the experimental results with the first‐principles calculations, the interactions between MoBTx and H2O, including the adsorption and intercalation of H2O, are understood first in depth. Finally, the portable humidity early warning system for real‐time monitoring and early warning of infant enuresis and back sweating illustrates its potential for humidity sensing applications. This work not only provides guidance for preparation of fluorine‐free MBenes, but also contributes to advancing their exploration in sensing applications.
Filtered reaction rate and interphase mass transfer models in reactive gas‐solid flows
Authors: Huang Zheqing , Zhang Zheng , Wang Lingxue , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work pursues the closure for the effective reaction rate based on fine‐grid two‐fluid model (TFM) simulations in reactive gas‐solid flows. It is found that the mesoscale mechanism in the solid‐catalyzed reaction is constrained by the kinetic regime (KR) and the external mass transfer‐controlled regimes (EMTR). Thus, a filtered reaction rate model ηsubgrid considered two different regimes is proposed. The mesoscale effectiveness factor proposed in previous work is adopted in KR. A filtered interphase mass transfer model QM, which is constructed by analogy to the interphase heat transfer model, is used in EMTR. ηsubgrid shows a good predictability in two regimes via a priori test. The fidelity of ηsubgrid is also assessed via a filtered TFM simulation. The results indicate that the simulations incorporating corrections for the drag force and reaction rate yield better agreement with the fine‐grid simulations for both mass fraction and reaction rate profiles.
Linking the macroclimatic niche of native lithophytic ferns and their prevalence in urban environments
Authors: Reichgelt Tammo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPremiseVertical surfaces in urban environments represent a potential expansion of niche space for lithophytic fern species. There are, however, few records of differential success rates of fern species in urban environments.MethodsThe occurrence rates of 16 lithophytic fern species native to the northeastern USA in 14 biomes, including four urban environments differentiated by percentage of impervious surfaces, were evaluated. In addition, the natural macroclimatic ranges of these species were analyzed to test whether significant differences existed in climatic tolerance between species that occur in urban environments and species that do not.ResultsThree species appear to preferentially occur in urban environments, two species may facultatively occur in urban environments, and the remaining 11 species preferentially occur in nondeveloped rural environments. The natural range of fern species that occur in urban environments had higher summer temperatures than the range of species that do not, whereas other macroclimatic variables, notably winter temperatures and precipitation, were less important or insignificant.ConclusionsVertical surfaces in urban environments may represent novel niche space for some native lithophytic fern species in northeastern USA. However, success in this environment depends, in part, on tolerance of the urban heat island effect, especially heating of impervious surfaces in summer.
A unique case of hyperammonemia due to CA5A deficiency: Impact of coexisting gene mutations, pseudogene, and microdeletion
Authors: Mathew Rohan Peter , Ranya Raghavendra Prashanth , Disha Biradar , Dalal Ashwin , Govindaraj Periyasamy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase 5A (CA5A) belongs to a family of carbonic anhydrases which are zinc metalloenzymes involved in the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate. Mutations in CA5A are very rare and known to cause Carbonic anhydrase 5A deficiency (CA5AD), an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized clinically by acute onset of encephalopathy in infancy or early childhood. CA5A also has two very identical pseudogenes whose interference may result in compromised accuracy in targeted sequencing. We report a unique case of CA5AD caused by compound heterozygous variant (NM_001739.2: c.721G>A: p.Glu241Lys & NM_001739.2: c.619‐3420_c.774 + 502del4078bp) in an infant in order to expand the phenotypic spectrum and underscore the impact of pseudogenes, which can introduce complexities in molecular genetic analysis.
Advances in noncoding RNA in children allergic rhinitis
Authors: Li Shuman , Cui Hongtao , Lu Huina , Zheng Shan , Yuan Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground: A chronic condition that significantly reduces a child's quality of life is allergic rhinitis (AR). The environment and allergens that the body is regularly exposed to can cause inflammatory and immunological reactions, which can change the expression of certain genes Epigenetic changes are closely linked to the onset and severity of allergy disorders according to mounting amounts of data. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot be converted into polypeptides. The three main categories of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). NcRNAs play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and contribute to the development of numerous human diseases. Methods: Articles are selected based on Pubmed's literature review and the author's personal knowledge. The largest and highest quality studies were included. The search selection is not standardized. Results: Recent findings indicate that various categories of ncRNAs play distinct yet interconnected roles and actively contribute to intricate gene regulatory networks. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the significance and progress of ncRNAs in children's AR. The database covers three key areas: miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Additionally, potential avenues for future research to facilitate the practical application of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers will be explore.
Synthesis of oxygen‐rich functional groups biochar for high‐efficiency adsorption of herbicide and as a potential carrier for pH‐responsive slow release
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Zhu Fangge , Jiang Sijie , Shi Guorong , Zhong Mei'e 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo improve the utilization rate of herbicides and reduce their environmental residues, it is urgent to develop a simple and low‐cost method to prepare slow‐release pesticides. In this study, a biochar (280CPFe) with a high surface area and rich oxygen‐containing functional groups was synthesized by low temperature (280°C) boiling strategy, which was used as a carrier to prepare pH‐responsive slow‐release herbicide. The obtained biochar has a high adsorption capacity of 153.59 mg·g−1 for quinclorac (QNC). The release rates of QNC‐280CPFe are 21%, 56%, and 90% at the initial pH of 3, 5, and 11, respectively. The controlled release behavior of QNC‐280CPFe is related to its adsorption mechanism, in which the pore filling and functional group adsorption are mainly responsible for the adsorption of QNC on 280CPFe. Compared with QNC alone, QNC‐280CPFe slow‐release herbicide has a good control effect on Barnyard grass but does not affect the normal growth of rice. Therefore, this study provides a simple, low‐cost cost, and environmentally friendly biochar carrier for preparing slow‐release herbicide, improving its utilization rate and reducing its environmental pollution risk.
Synthesis of ZrO2‐NdO‐based mixed nanomaterial using green capping agent and its functionalization as electrode material for energy devices: Pseudo capacitors and water splitting
Authors: Azhar Sundus , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Abrahams Isaac , Lin Wang , Gupta Ram K. , Albaqami Munirah D. , Mohammad Saikh , Gul Mahwash Mahar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the environmentally friendly synthesis of ZrO2‐NdO mixed nanomaterial using green reducing and capping agents derived from the plant Amaranthus viridis. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of the mixed nanomaterial, revealing an optical band gap of 2.5 eV. The morphology was characterized by spherical‐shaped particles with an average size ranging from 66 to 77 nm. The synthesized ZrO2‐NdO mixed nanomaterial was evaluated for its potential application as an electrode material in energy devices, specifically for pseudocapacitors and water splitting studies. Electrochemical performance was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) techniques. Notably, a specific capacitance of 573.5 F/g was achieved through CV at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. Fabricated electrocatalyst was further analyzed for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the results showed better over potential value of 164 mV for HER studies. The stability analysis further endorsed the large‐scale commercialization possibility of ZrO‐NdO‐based electrode material.
A comprehensive review on active chain density evaluation from swelling and insights for better accounting for insoluble particles
Authors: Delahaye Grégoire , Redon Adrien , Ruellan Benoît , Jeanneau Isabelle , Rosselgong Julien , Guillaume Sophie M. , Le Cam Jean‐Benoît 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study provides a state of the art on methods for evaluating active chain density of rubbers from swelling experiments. This review focuses more particularly on the effects of components that are known to limit the swelling, and which typically results in an overestimation of the active chain density. These components are commonly considered as insoluble. Different corrections dealing with the two principal insoluble components, namely zinc oxide (Zn0) and carbon black (CB) filler, are thoroughly investigated. A comparative study on the same natural rubber (NR), either filled and unfilled, vulcanized with three different vulcanization systems, is performed to evaluate the relevance of each predictive approach. The results obtained highlight their respective limitations. In particular, it is shown that the swelling ratio of unfilled and filled natural rubbers are linearly related, suggesting that fillers have no significant effect on the overall number of cross‐links formed during vulcanization. As a result, we propose a unified approach for correcting the ZnO content for unfilled NR and both the ZnO and CB contents for filled NR. By comparing with results issued from uniaxial tensile tests, it is shown that the use of a mechanical response is a relevant alternative for determining the active chain density.
Α {Silk@Gallic‐Acid} hybrid material with controllable antioxidant hydrogen‐atom‐transfer activity
Authors: Theofanous Annita , Deligiannakis Yiannis , Louloudi Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSilk fiber, often acclaimed as the pinnacle of textile materials, finds contemporary applications in the textile industry, health, and cosmetics. Gallic acid (GA) is a well‐established natural antioxidant. In the present study, a novel hybrid material SFd@GA was conceptualized and produced via surface grafting of GA onto degummed silk‐fibers (SFd). Successful covalent‐grafting of gallic acid onto the silk fabric surface was confirmed through Fourier‐transform infrared, Raman, thermogravimetric analysis (TG‐DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that gallic moieties grafted on SFd@GA retain their radical/redox activity. The antioxidant capacity of the hybrid material SFd@GA was validated by quantitative analysis of antioxidant hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT) to DPPH radicals. Our data reveal a 550% increase in antioxidant‐HAT activity of SFd@GA versus natural intact silk fiber, and a 1400% increase in antioxidant‐HAT activity compared to the degummed silk fiber. The paramount discovery of the present work lies in the capacity for repeated utilization of the hybrid material SFd@GA, without any discernible compromise in its antioxidant‐HAT activity. Specifically, we show that SFd@GA can be employed for at least 15 consecutive cycles, retaining >98% of its HAT efficiency, for up to many days of storage under ambient conditions. We discuss this expositional performance via the controllable Hat‐activity process that we propose.
How do Photoswitchable Lipids Influence the Intercalation of Anticancer Drug in Lipid Membrane? Investigation using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Maiti Archita , Verma Sahil , Daschakraborty Snehasis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotoswitchable lipids, particularly azobenzene‐derivatized phosphatidylcholine (azoPC) lipids, offer a unique mechanism for reversible modification of membrane properties upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Through all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, we explore how UV irradiation‐induced trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization (TCPI) of AzoPC lipid influences the structure and dynamics of a lipid membrane, composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol with similar composition to that of the DOXIL®. Structural and dynamical analyses of two states of the membrane, ‘dark’ state (containing cis‐azoPC lipid) and ‘bright’ state (containing 85 % cis‐azoPC and 15 % trans‐azoPC lipids) reveal that the TCPI reduces membrane packing density and increases diffusivity of lipids. We have demonstrated an enhanced intercalation of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, in the ‘bright’ state of the membrane compared to that in the ‘dark’ state. This study – elucidating the complex interplay between lipid composition, photoswitching, and lipid‐drug interactions – contributes to the design of lipid‐based systems for targeted drug delivery and biomedical applications.
Transparent Silica Aerogels: Optical and Chemical Design, Controlled Synthesis, and Emerging Applications
Authors: Xie Jiangtao , Wang Leyi , Li Guangyong , Liao Jianhe , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransparent silica aerogel, serving as one typical porous and transparent material, possesses various unique features (e. g., large amounts of pores and interfaces, super‐lightweight, super thermal insulation, low refractive index similar to gas), and it has attracted great attention in the fields of science, technology, engineering, art, and others. Transparency is one important evaluation index of transparent silica aerogel, and it was influenced by various factors such as raw materials, sol‐gel reactions, phase separation, and drying methods. The structure design and fabrication of transparent silica aerogel is one huge and fine engineering. In this review, the optical/chemical guidance and design for the preparation of transparent silica aerogels are discussed, and typical applications, such as Cherenkov detectors, solar energy collection, lighting systems, and transparent fabric, were also discussed. Finally, a future outlook on the opportunities and challenges of transparent silica aerogels was proposed.
Tuning the Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed Objects by Mixing Chain Transfer Agents in Norrish Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Yuan Zhihan , Li Guangliang , Yang Chongyang , Zhu Wenxuan , Li Jiajia , Zhu Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotoinduced 3D printing via photocontrolled reversible–deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques has emerged as a robust technique for creating polymeric materials. However, methods for precisely adjusting the mechanical properties of these materials remain limited. In this study, we present a facile approach for adjusting the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed objects by adjusting the polymer dispersity within a Norrish type I photoinitiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (NTI‐RAFT) polymerization‐based 3D printing process. We investigated the effects of varying the concentrations and molar ratios of trithiocarbonate (BTPA) and xanthate (EXEP) on the mechanical properties of the printed materials. Our findings demonstrate that increased concentrations of RAFT agents or higher proportions of the more active BTPA lead to a decrease in Young's modulus and glass transition temperatures, along with an increase in elongation at break, which can be attributed to the enhanced homogeneity of the polymer network. Using a commercial LCD printer, the NTI‐RAFT‐based 3D printing system effectively produced materials with tailored mechanical properties, highlighting its potential for practical applications.
Analyzing complex fractional order systems physical phenomena in IOPI controller design
Authors: Şenol Bilal , Demiroğlu Uğur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Fractional Complex Order Plant model, which has lately gained popularity in applied physics and control systems, is the main subject of this study. The major contribution of this study to the literature is the discussion of the physical phenomena of complex plant models and how they affect the stability and robustness of the systems. Because the Fractional Complex Order Plant model is the most general mathematical form, other plant models covering the Integer Order Plant and the Fractional Order Plant can be easily created with this benefit. The proposed approach using the classical Proportional Integral controller which is recalled as the Integer‐Order PI controller in this paper gives the calculation equations of the physical alterations of plants having integer, fractional, and complex orders. Along with the visuals and with the aid of simulations, the consequences of the parameters on the system are described. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed controller designs for each of the three plant species are discussed.
Effect of tannic acid on doxorubicin‐induced cellular stress: Expression levels of heat shock genes in rat spleen
Authors: Kizir Duygu , Karaman Melike , Demir Yeliz , Ceylan Hamid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline group antibiotic, has been extensively employed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid and hematopoietic tumors in humans. Amid exposure to diverse stress conditions, living organisms swiftly initiate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs), a set of highly conserved proteins. Tannic acid (TA) has garnered increasing study attention due to its special chemical properties, health benefits, and wide availability. This study's primary aim is to elucidate the impact of DOX and TA on the expression levels of Hsp90aa1, Hspa1a, Hspa4, and Hspa5 in the spleen tissues of rats. Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus, male, 9–10 weeks old, 180 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, DOX (30 mg/kg cumulative), TA (50 mg/kg), and DOX + TA (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Subsequently, spleen tissues were collected from rats, and complementary DNA libraries were generated after the application process. The quantitative real‐time PCR method was used to detect and quantify the mRNA expression changes of the Hsp90aa1, Hspa1a, Hspa4, and Hspa5 genes our results showed that the mRNA expressions of the targeted genes were up‐regulated in rat spleen tissues exposed to DOX. However, this increase was remarkably suppressed by TA treatment. These findings suggest that TA may serve as a protective agent, mitigating the toxic effects of DOX in the rat spleen.
Levodopa modulates semantic fluency and uniqueness in non‐demented patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Ma Jinghong , Zhang Guanyu , Zhao Zhenzhen , Chan Piu , Ye Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionSemantic fluency is the ability to name items from a given category within a limited time, which relies on semantic knowledge, working memory, and executive function. Similar to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) scored lower than healthy adults in the well‐established semantic fluency test. However, it is unclear how unique are the produced words. This study examined the relationship between semantic fluency and words’ uniqueness in patients with PSP.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with PSP Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS), 37 patients with PD, and 41 healthy controls (HC) performed a standard semantic fluency test (animals), and their verbal responses were audio‐recorded. We used the uniqueness to reflect the ability to produce both original and effective work, that is, creativity.ResultsThe PSP‐RS group produced fewer correct words and fewer unique words than the PD and HC groups. Moreover, the correlation between fluency and uniqueness was positive in the HC and PD groups but negative in the PSP‐RS group. Importantly, the actual levodopa dose was positively correlated with the fluency but negatively correlated with the uniqueness in PSP‐RS. The PSP‐RS patients who took a greater dose of levodopa tended to produce more correct words but fewer unique words.ConclusionsThese results suggested that levodopa may modulate semantic fluency and uniqueness in the early stages of PSP‐RS.
Subsequent maternal sleep deprivation aggravates cognitive impairment by modulating hippocampal neuroinflammatory responses and synaptic function in maternal isoflurane‐exposed offspring mice
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Ying , Wei Ru‐Meng , Jing Jun , Huang Shu‐Ren , Qiu Gao‐Lin , Xia Xiao‐Qiong , Zhang Yue‐Ming , Li Yuan‐Hai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women may need to undergo non‐obstetric surgery under general anesthesia owing to medical needs, and pregnant women frequently experience sleep disturbances during late gestation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that maternal isoflurane exposure (MISO) or maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) contributed to cognitive impairments in offspring. Research studies in mice have revealed that SD can aggravate isoflurane‐induced cognitive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether MSD aggravates MISO‐induced cognitive deficits in offspring. The purpose of this research was to explore the combined effects of MSD and MISO on offspring cognitive function and the role of neuroinflammation and synaptic function in the process of MSD + MISO.MethodsPregnant mice were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane by inhalation for 4 h on gestational day (GD) 14. Dams were then subjected to SD for 6 h (12:00–18:00 h) during GD15–21. At 3 months of age, the offspring mice were subjected to the Morris water maze test to assess cognitive function. Then the levels of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers and synaptic function‐related proteins were assessed using molecular biology methods.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that MISO led to cognitive dysfunction, an effect that was aggravated by MSD. In addition, MSD exacerbated the maternal isoflurane inhalation, leading to an enhancement in the expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and a reduction in the hippocampal levels of IL‐10, synaptophysin, post‐synaptic density‐95, growth‐associated protein‐43, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor.ConclusionOur findings revealed that MSD aggravated the cognitive deficits induced by MISO in male offspring mice, and these results were associated with neuroinflammation and alternations in synaptic function.