bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐instrument analysis of plasma parameters in Saturn's equatorial, inner magnetosphere using corrections for corrections for spacecraft potential and penetrating background radiation
Authors: Livi R. , Goldstein J. , Burch J. L. , Crary F. , Rymer A. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Persoon A. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe use a forward modeling program to derive one‐dimensional isotropic plasma characteristics in Saturn's inner, equatorial magnetosphere using a novel correction for the spacecraft potential and penetrating background radiation. The advantage of this fitting routine is the simultaneous modeling of plasma data and systematic errors when operating on large data sets, which greatly reduces the computation time and accurately quantifies instrument noise. The data set consists of particle measurements from the electron spectrometer (ELS) and the ion mass spectrometer (IMS), which are part of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instrument suite on board the data are limited to peak ion flux measurements within ±10°magnetic latitude and 3–15 geocentric equatorial radial distance (RS). Systematic errors such as spacecraft charging and penetrating background radiation are parameterized individually in the modeling and are automatically addressed during the fitting procedure. The resulting values are in turn used as cross calibration between IMS and ELS, where we show a significant improvement in magnetospheric electron densities and minor changes in the ion characteristics due to the error adjustments. adjustments. Preliminary results show ion and electron densities in close agreement, consistent with charge neutrality throughout Saturn's inner magnetosphere and confirming the spacecraft potential to be a common influence on IMS and ELS. Comparison of derived plasma parameters with results from previous studies using CAPS data and the Radio and Plasma Wave Science investigation yields good agreement.
Geologic structure generated by large‐impact basin formation observed at the South Pole‐Aitken basin on the Moon
Authors: Ohtake Makiko , Uemoto Kisara , Yokota Yasuhiro , Morota Tomokatsu , Yamamoto Satoru , Nakamura Ryosuke , Haruyama Junichi , Iwata Takahiro , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Ishihara Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin is the largest clearly recognized basin on the lunar surface. Determining the composition and structure of the SPA basin interior provides critical constraints on the deep crustal and/or mantle composition of the Moon and improves our understanding of large‐basin‐forming impact processes. Here we present a new mineralogical map of the SPA basin interior, based on high‐spatial‐resolution reflectance spectra using the SELENE (Kaguya) multiband imager, which is combined with topographic data in order to interpret the geologic context. The derived mineralogical map suggests extensive distribution of ejected low‐Ca pyroxene‐dominant mantle material with the presence of purest anorthosite crustal materials surrounding a possible melt pool of 0.26 to 0.33 of the basin diameter near the basin center, which is significantly smaller than that suggested by the crater‐scaling law. The absence of clear evidence of lower crustal material is consistent with recent impact simulation results.
Equivalence of the time and Laplace domain solutions for the steady state concentration of radiometric tracers and the groundwater age equation
Authors: Engdahl Nicholas B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt has been previously shown that the normalized concentration of a radioactively decaying tracer defines one point on the Laplace transformed age distribution and that point corresponds to the decay rate of the tracer. However, it is unclear how two time domain quantities, the decay rate and normalized concentration, are related to the elements of a Laplace transformed distribution; this note clarifies these relationships mechanistically. It is shown that the Laplace transformed age distribution is equivalent to the late‐time concentration of a radiometric tracer if transport and age are both at steady state. The result is general and may be applied to any age distribution, including non‐Fickian distributions. The significance of the generality is that the steady state concentrations and known decay rates may be used to help constrain the parameters of an unknown age distribution in a wide range of flow systems.
United States Adults Meeting 2010 American College of Rheumatology Criteria for Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Overman Robert A. , Toliver Joshua C. , Yeh Jun‐Yen , Gourlay Margaret L. , Deal Chad L. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe American College of Rheumatology (ACR) updated its guidelines on the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) in 2010. An unknown proportion of US adults at risk of fracture due to glucocorticoid use would be recommended antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical (AOP) therapies based on the ACR guidelines.MethodsUsing the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for postmenopausal women (PMW), and men age ≥50 years reporting current glucocorticoid use, we categorized individuals according to ACR criteria for low, medium, and high fracture risk (<10%, ≥10%, and ≥20%, respectively) and provided percentages of treatment recommendations for chronic (≥90 days) medium and all high‐risk patients.ResultsGlucocorticoids were used by 1.66% of PMW and 1.65% of men age ≥50 years. Of these patients, 0.80% of PMW and 0.45% of men age ≥50 years were at high risk of fracture. A majority of PMW (81.2%) and men age ≥50 years (75.8%) were chronic glucocorticoid users. In patients for whom treatment recommendations could be made, 64.9% of PMW and 51.9% of men age ≥50 years would be recommended therapy, but only 28.4% of PMW and 9.7% of men age ≥50 years reported AOP use.ConclusionBased on the NHANES (2005–2010) data, we estimate glucocorticoid use in >1.5 million US PMW and men age ≥50 years. Treatment would be recommended in at least 50% of this population based on the 2010 ACR guidelines. Self‐reported AOP use was documented in <30%, suggesting a treatment gap in the management of GIO in the US before the guideline release.
A Germanosilicate Structure with 11×11×12‐Ring Channels Solved by Electron Crystallography
Authors: Hua Wei , Chen Hong , Yu Zheng‐Bao , Zou Xiaodong , Lin Jianhua , Sun Junliang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractZeolites have been widely used in industry owing to their ordered micropores and stable frameworks. The pore sizes and shapes are the key parameters that affect the selectivity and efficiency in their applications in catalysis, sorption, and separation. Zeolites with pores defined by 10 and 12 TO4tetrahedra are often used for various catalytic processes. To optimize the performance of zeolites, it is extremely desirable to fine‐tune the pore sizes/shapes. The first germanosilicate zeolite with a three‐dimensional 11×11×12‐ring channel system, PKU‐16 (PKU, Peking University) is presented. Nanosized PKU‐16 was structurally characterized by the new three‐dimensional rotation electron diffraction (RED) technique. PKU‐16 is structurally related to the zeolite β polymorph C (BEC, 12×12×12‐ring channels) by rotating half of the four‐rings in doublemtwunits.
Development of elastic and plastic properties of polyoxymethylene during bending fatigue
Authors: Heinlein Gregory S. , Timpe Shannon J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe development of the plastic and viscoelastic properties and the corresponding failure limits of the acetal homopolymer polyoxymethylene were studied in unidirectional cyclic fatigue. Samples with molecular weights (MWs) ranging from 90 to 142 kg/kmol were tested in displacement‐controlled conditions, resulting in maximum stress amplitudes between 30 and 59 MPa and strain amplitudes between 35.8 and 92.6 με. The zero‐hour material properties and the cycle‐dependent property development were predominantly dictated by deformations in the crystalline regions and showed a negligible dependence on MW. However, the final failure limits were found to be primarily dependent on the length of the amorphous tie chains that connect the crystallites. As such, fatigue life analysis showed a strong dependence on MW. Results are interpreted in light of the primary mechanical failure mechanisms and the corresponding molecular deformations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40762.
Response surface optimized peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence of octahydro‐Schiff base derivative as new luminophor and study of the quenching effect of some cations, amino acids and cholesterol
Authors: Yeganeh Faal Ali , Jamalyan Bahare , Bordbar Maryam , Shayeste Tavakol Heidary , Salavati‐Niasari Masoud 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the first detailed study of the characteristics of an octahydro‐Schiff base derivative as a new luminophor in the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) system. The effect of reagents on this new POCL system was investigated. In addition, the response surface methodology was used for evaluating the relative significance of variables in this POCL system, establishing models and determining optimal conditions. The quenching effect of some cations and compounds such as Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, imidazole, histidine and cholesterol on an optimized POCL reaction were studied. The dynamic ranges were up to approximaterly 100 and 175 × 10−6 M for Cu2+ and cholesterol respectively. The detection limits were 3.3 × 10−6 m and 2.58 × 10−6 m for Cu2+ and histidine, respectively. In all cases the relative standard deviations were 4–5% (n = 4). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of ionic strength on chitin nanocrystal‐xyloglucan multilayer film growth
Authors: Villares Ana , Moreau Céline , Capron Isabelle , Cathala Bernard 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe impact of the ionic strength on the film growth has been studied for the architectures composed of chitin nanocrystals (ChiNC) and xyloglucan (XG) to better understand the fabrication process of multilayer films. The formation of ChiNC‐XG assemblies was monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) and multilayer films were fabricated by the spin‐coating assisted layer‐by‐layer (LbL) procedure. Films were prepared from 1 g L−1 ChiNC dispersions at pH 4 without and with the addition of NaCl (0 and 5 mM, respectively) and 0.5 g L−1 XG solutions in water. Distinct growth pattern and structural characteristics were found for the films prepared from ChiNC at 0 and 5 mM NaCl. Specifically, films assembled without salt exhibited lower mass deposition and film growth failed after 5 (ChiNC‐XG) bilayers. Differently, at 5 mM NaCl higher amounts of both polymers (ChiNC and XG) were adsorbed; therefore, the films were thicker, and the deposition succeeded up to 10 bilayers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed an almost completely covered surface after the adsorption of ChiNC at 5 mM NaCl whereas salt‐free ChiNC dispersions resulted in lower surface coverage. These results reliably concluded that the fabrication of (ChiNC‐XG) films requires the screening of the charges to promote the layers stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 924–930, 2014.
Tin–Tin Dioxide@Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized by Aerosol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Density Lithium Storage
Authors: Byeon Jeong Hoon , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe gas‐phase self‐assembly of Sn‐SnO2@hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) synthesized by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition, as a new, facile, and scalable method, was performed, and the resultant nanospheres displayed an enhanced lithium storage performance. Freshly synthesized Sn nanoparticles [≈25 nm in equivalent mobility diameter (EMD)] were incorporated quantitatively with dimethyl sulfide (DMS)‐ethanol (EtOH) droplets (≈45 nm in EMD) in the form of Sn/DMS‐EtOH hybrid droplets (≈42 nm in EMD). The hybrid droplets were employed to perform catalytic chemical vapor synthesis in a heated tubular reactor. It was observed that Sn‐SnO2 particles with sizes between 3–6 nm were dispersed in the HCNSs (≈25 nm in lateral dimension), and no bulky aggregates were visible. Its reversible capacity even increased up to ≈870 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles, which is much higher than the conventional theoretical capacity of SnO2 (782 mA h g−1).
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Assessed by Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing Is a Frequent Cause of Ischemia and Angina in Patients With Exercise‐Induced Electrocardiographic Changes and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Ong Peter , Athanasiadis Anastasios , Hill Stephan , Schäufele Tim , Mahrholdt Heiko , Sechtem Udo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is a standard examination in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. However, despite a pathologic result, many patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography do not have any significant epicardial stenosis. In this study, we assessed the relation between a pathologic exercise ECG and coronary microvascular dysfunction in response to intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation in patients without any relevant epicardial stenosis.HypothesisCoronary microvascular dysfunction is significantly more often in patients with angina, unobstructed coronary arteries and a pathologic exercise stress test compared to those without pathologic stress test.MethodsThis study recruited 137 consecutive patients with exertional angina pectoris who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography between September 2008 and April 2011 (68% women; mean age, 63 ± 10 years). In none of the patients was there a stenosis of >50%. All patients underwent an exercise ECG before angiography and intracoronary ACh provocation testing for assessment of coronary vasomotor responses directly after angiography.ResultsThe exercise ECG showed an abnormal result in 69 patients (50%; ST‐segment depression ≥0.1 mV and/or reproduction of the patient's usual symptoms). The ACh test revealed a coronary vasomotor abnormality (reproduction of the patient's symptoms, ischemic ECG shifts ± diffuse distal vasoconstriction) in 87 patients (64%). Such a result was significantly more often found in patients with a pathologic exercise ECG (50/69 [72%] vs 19/69 [28%], P = 0.034). There were no other statistically significant differences between patients with and those without pathologic exercise ECG.ConclusionsCoronary microvascular dysfunction is frequently found in patients with exertional angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. Such a finding is found significantly more often in presence of a pathologic exercise ECG.
Electrochemical Adsorption of OH on Pt(111) in Alkaline Solutions: Combining DFT and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Pinto Leandro M. C. , Quaino Paola , Arce Mauricio D. , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe adsorption of OH on Pt(111) in alkaline solution has been investigated by a method that combines density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics. In particular, we have calculated the free energy surface for the reaction. A physisorbed hydroxide ion in a metastable state and a stable adsorbed uncharged OH group are observed. The energy of activation at equilibrium is comparatively low, so that the reaction is fast.
Cytomorphology of non‐small cell lung carcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement
Authors: Toll Adam D. , Maleki Zahra 
Published: April 2014

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase demonstrating activating mutations in several malignancies including a subset (1–5%) of non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Prior work examining, the histologic features of these tumors found a spectrum of findings, notably a solid/acinar pattern, as well as a mucinous cribriform pattern. We present the first study to date describing the cytomorphology of NSCLC harboring ALK rearrangements.A retrospective database search was conducted to identify cytologic specimens of NSCLC demonstrating ALK rearrangement. Cytogenetic analysis was performed with fluorescence in situ hybridization. A total of 12 patients were identified, 10 with available material. Cellular morphology and smear background was evaluated in the study group, as well as control cases lacking ALK rearrangement.A total of 25 specimens from 10 patients were obtained. Five patients never smoked, and four patients had a remote smoking history. ALK rearrangements were identified in cells with unique cytologic characteristics. All cases demonstrated moderate to poor differentiation with a predominance of single cells showing anisonucleosis and frequent intracytoplasmic neutrophils. The control cases showed cells with smaller, less pleomorphic nuclei, and smaller nucleoli with more clusters/tissue fragments.Several unique cytomorphologic features were consistently identified in the study population relative to the control population and include a prominence of single, markedly enlarged tumor cells with plasmacytoid features and anisonucleosis, as well as intracytoplasmic neutrophils. Larger studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary findings, as these features may help establish a more cost‐effective means to select patients being tested for ALK mutational analysis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:8–15. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anxiety status affects nicotine‐ and baclofen‐induced locomotor activity, anxiety, and single‐trial conditioned place preference in male adolescent rats
Authors: Falco Adriana M. , McDonald Craig G. , Smith Robert F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAdolescents have an increased vulnerability to nicotine and anxiety may play a role in the development of nicotine abuse. One possible treatment for anxiety disorders and substance abuse is the GABAB agonist, baclofen. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of anxiety‐like behavior on single‐trial nicotine conditioned place preference in adolescent rats, and to assess the action of baclofen. Baclofen was shown to have effects on locomotor and anxiety‐like behavior in rats divided into high‐anxiety and low‐anxiety groups. Baclofen decreased locomotor behavior in high‐anxiety rats. Baclofen alone failed to produce differences in anxiety‐like behavior, but nicotine and baclofen + nicotine administration were anxiolytic. High‐ and low‐anxiety groups also showed differences in single‐trial nicotine‐induced place preference. Only high‐anxiety rats formed place preference to nicotine, while rats in the low‐anxiety group formed no conditioned place preference. These results suggest that among adolescents, high‐anxiety individuals are more likely to show preference for nicotine than low‐anxiety individuals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1352–1364, 2014.
Microglia of medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) express a specific activation marker homologous to vertebrate ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1/alias aif‐1)
Authors: Drago Francesco , Sautière Pierre‐Eric , Le Marrec‐Croq Françoise , Accorsi Alice , Van Camp Christelle , Salzet Michel , Lefebvre Christophe , Vizioli Jacopo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe Ionized calcium‐Binding Adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), also known as Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 (AIF‐1), is a 17 kDa cytokine‐inducible protein, produced by activated macrophages during chronic transplant rejection and inflammatory reactions in Vertebrates. In mammalian central nervous system (CNS), Iba1 is a sensitive marker associated with activated macrophages/microglia and is upregulated following neuronal death or brain lesions. The medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is able to regenerate its CNS after injury, leading to a complete functional repair. Similar to Vertebrates, leech neuroinflammatory processes are linked to microglia activation and recruitment at the lesion site. We identified a gene, named Hmiba1, coding a 17.8 kDa protein showing high similarity with Vertebrate AIF‐1. The present work constitutes the first report on an Iba1 protein in the nervous system of an invertebrate. Immunochemistry and gene expression analyses showed that HmIba1, like its mammalian counterpart, is modulated in leech CNS by mechanical injury or chemical stimuli (ATP). We presently demonstrate that most of leech microglial cells migrating and accumulating at the lesion site specifically expressed the activation marker HmIba1. While the functional role of Iba1, whatever species, is still unclear in reactive microglia, this molecule appeared as a good selective marker of activated cells in leech and presents an interesting tool to investigate the functions of these cells during nerve repair events. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 987–1001, 2014
Testing for shared biogeographic history in the lowerCentralAmerican freshwater fish assemblage using comparative phylogeography: concerted, independent, or multiple evolutionary responses?
Authors: Bagley Justin C. , Johnson Jerald B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA central goal of comparative phylogeography is determining whether codistributed species experienced (1) concerted evolutionary responses to past geological and climatic events, indicated by congruent spatial and temporal patterns (“concerted‐response hypothesis”); (2) independent responses, indicated by spatial incongruence (“independent‐response hypothesis”); or (3) multiple responses (“multiple‐response hypothesis”), indicated by spatial congruence but temporal incongruence (“pseudocongruence”) or spatial and temporal incongruence (“pseudoincongruence”). We tested these competing hypotheses usingDNAsequence data from three livebearing fish species codistributed in the Nicaraguan depression of Central America (Alfaro cultratus,Poecilia gillii, andXenophallus umbratilis) that we predicted might display congruent responses due to co‐occurrence in identical freshwater drainages. Spatial analyses recovered different subdivisions of genetic structure for each species, despite shared finer‐scale breaks in northwestern Costa Rica (also supported by phylogenetic results). Isolation‐with‐migration models estimated incongruent timelines of among‐region divergences, withA. cultratusandXenophalluspopulations diverging over Miocene–mid‐Pleistocene whileP. gilliipopulations diverged over mid‐late Pleistocene. Approximate Bayesian computation also lent substantial support to multiple discrete divergences over a model of simultaneous divergence across shared spatial breaks (e.g., Bayes factor [B10] = 4.303 forΨ[no. of divergences] > 1 vs.Ψ = 1). Thus, the data support phylogeographic pseudoincongruence consistent with the multiple‐response hypothesis. Model comparisons also indicated incongruence in historical demography, for example, support for intraspecific late Pleistocene population growth was unique toP. gillii, despite evidence for finer‐scale population expansions in the other taxa. Empirical tests for phylogeographic congruence indicate that multiple evolutionary responses to historical events have shaped the population structure of freshwater species codistributed within the complex landscapes in/around the Nicaraguan depression. Recent community assembly through different routes (i.e., different past distributions or colonization routes), and intrinsic ecological differences among species, has likely contributed to the unique phylogeographical patterns displayed by these Neotropical fishes.
CO Substitution Reactions of Diiron Complexes [{(μ‐SCH2)2X}Fe2(CO)6] and [{(μ‐SeCH2)2X}Fe2(CO)6] (X = O, CH2) with Ph2PCl/Me3NO to Give Ph2PCl‐, Ph2PNMe2‐, and Ph2PP(=O)Ph2‐Substituted Complexes Related to [FeFe] Hydrogenases
Authors: Song Li‐Cheng , Cao Meng , Du Zong‐Qiang , Feng Zhan‐Heng , Ma Zhen , Song Hai‐Bin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Li‐Cheng Song at Nankai University, China. The cover image shows some of the [FeFe] hydrogenase models prepared, each with a butterfly 2Fe2S cluster core, and their catalytic function for H2 production.