bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on a new class of generalized Pearson distribution arising from Michaelis-Menten function of enzyme kinetics
Authors: Shakil Mohammad , Singh Jai Narain 
Published: January 2015

Many problems of enzyme kinetics can be described by a function known as the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) function. In this paper, motivated by the importance of Michaelis-Menten function in biochemistry and other biological phenomena, we have introduced a new class of generalized Pearson distribution arising from Michaelis-Menten function. Various properties of this distribution are derived, for example, its probability density function (pdf), cumulative distribution function (cdf), moment, entropy function, and relationships with some well-known continuous probability distributions. The graphs of the pdf and cdf of our new distribution are provided for some selected values of the parameters. It is observed that our new distribution is positively skewed and unimodal. We hope that the findings of this paper will be useful in many applied research problems.Â 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60E05, 62E10, 62E15.
neuTube 1.0: A New Design for Efficient Neuron Reconstruction Software Based on the SWC Format
Authors: Feng Linqing , Zhao Ting , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBrain circuit mapping requires digital reconstruction of neuronal morphologies in complicated networks. Despite recent advances in automatic algorithms, reconstruction of neuronal structures is still a bottleneck in circuit mapping due to a lack of appropriate software for both efficient reconstruction and user-friendly editing. Here we present a new software design based on the SWC format, a standardized neuromorphometric format that has been widely used for analyzing neuronal morphologies or sharing neuron reconstructions via online archives such as NeuroMorpho.org. We have also implemented the design in our open-source software called neuTube 1.0. As specified by the design, the software is equipped with parallel 2D and 3D visualization and intuitive neuron tracing/editing functions, allowing the user to efficiently reconstruct neurons from fluorescence image data and edit standard neuron structure files produced by any other reconstruction software. We show the advantages of neuTube 1.0 by comparing it to two other software tools, namely Neuromantic and Neurostudio. The software is available for free athttp://www.neutracing.com, which also hosts complete software documentation and video tutorials.
An Enhanced Gene Targeting Toolkit forDrosophila: Golic+
Authors: Chen Hui-Min , Huang Yaling , Pfeiffer Barret D , Yao Xiaohao , Lee Tzumin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEnds-out gene targeting allows seamless replacement of endogenous genes with engineered DNA fragments by homologous recombination, thus creating designer “genes” in the endogenous locus. Conventional gene targeting in Drosophila involves targeting with the preintegrated donor DNA in the larval primordial germ cells. Here we report gene targeting during oogenesis with lethality inhibitor and CRISPR/Cas (Golic+), which improves on all major steps in such transgene-based gene targeting systems. First, donor DNA is integrated into precharacterized attP sites for efficient flip-out. Second, FLP, I-SceI, and Cas9 are specifically expressed in cystoblasts, which arise continuously from female germline stem cells, thereby providing a continual source of independent targeting events in each offspring. Third, a repressor-based lethality selection is implemented to facilitate screening for correct targeting events. Altogether, Golic+ realizes high-efficiency ends-out gene targeting in ovarian cystoblasts, which can be readily scaled up to achieve high-throughput genome editing.
The ABCs of Eye Color inTribolium castaneum: Orthologs of theDrosophila white,scarlet, andbrownGenes
Authors: Grubbs Nathaniel , Haas Sue , Beeman Richard W , Lorenzen Marcé D 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster, each of the three paralogous ABC transporters, White, Scarlet and Brown, is required for normal pigmentation of the compound eye. We have cloned the three orthologous genes from the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Conceptual translations of Tribolium white (Tcw), scarlet (Tcst), and brown (Tcbw) are 51, 48, and 32% identical to their respective Drosophila counterparts. We have identified loss-of-eye-pigment strains that bear mutations in Tcw and Tcst: the Tcw gene in the ivory (i) strain carries a single-base transversion, which leads to an E → D amino-acid substitution in the highly conserved Walker B motif, while the Tcst gene in the pearl (p) strain has a deletion resulting in incorporation of a premature stop codon. In light of these findings, the mutant strains i and p are herein renamed whiteivory (wi) and scarletpearl (stp), respectively. In addition, RNA inhibition of Tcw and Tcst recapitulates the mutant phenotypes, confirming the roles of these genes in normal eye pigmentation, while RNA interference of Tcbw provides further evidence that it has no role in eye pigmentation in Tribolium. We also consider the evolutionary implications of our findings.
Diagnosis and Management of Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection in Infants
Authors: Roman Heidi K. , Chang Pearl W. , Schroeder Alan R. 
Published: January 2015

Objectives:To report the prevalence of bacteremia by age in a sample of infants &lt;1 year of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs), to compare characteristics of infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia, and to describe treatment courses and 30-day outcomes in infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia.Methods:We used a retrospective cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in infants with UTIs at our institution. A double cohort design matching for age and gender was used to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between infants with bacteremic versus nonbacteremic UTIs.Results:We identified 1379 UTIs, with blood cultures obtained in 52% of cases. The prevalence of bacteremia was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.1%–5.3%) for all UTIs and 8% (95% confidence interval 6.1%–10.2%) for UTIs in which blood culture was obtained. Fifty-five infants with bacteremic UTIs were compared with 110 infants with nonbacteremic UTIs. Except for minor differences in the urinalysis and serum band count, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between the 2 groups. Bacteremic infants received longer parenteral treatment courses than nonbacteremic infants (mean 6.7 vs 2.4 days, P &lt; .001). Treatment courses in the bacteremic group were variable and predicted by age but not severity of illness. No bacteremic infant had recurrent UTI or bacteremia with the same organism within 30 days of discharge.Conclusions:Treatment was variable but outcomes were excellent in infants with bacteremic UTIs.
Pain Outcomes in a US Children’s Hospital: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Friedrichsdorf Stefan J. , Postier Andrea , Eull Donna , Weidner Christian , Foster Laurie , Gilbert Michele , Campbell Fiona 
Published: January 2015

Background and Objectives:
Pain in hospitalized children may be underrecognized and undertreated. The objective of this survey was to benchmark pain prevalence, intensity, assessment, and pharmacologic as well as integrative treatment of pain in inpatients in a US children’s hospital.

Methods:
This was a single-day, cross-sectional survey and electronic medical record review of inpatients who received medical care at a pediatric hospital. Inpatients and emergency department patients were asked to report their experience with pain and its management during the previous 24 hours.

Results:
Of 279 inpatients listed on the morning census, 178 children and parents were located and completed the survey. Seventy-six percent had experienced pain during the previous 24 hours, usually acute or procedural pain, 12% of whom possibly suffered from chronic pain. Twenty percent of all children surveyed experienced moderate and 30% severe pain in that time period. The worst pain reported by patients was caused by needle pokes (40%), followed by trauma/injury (34%). Children and their parents rated 5 integrative, nonpharmacologic modalities as more effective than medications. Pain assessments and management were documented in the medical record for 58% of patients covering the 24-hour period before the morning census. The most commonly prescribed analgesics were acetaminophen, morphine, and ibuprofen.

Conclusions:
Despite existing hospital policies and a pain consult team, significant room for improvement in pain management was identified. A hospital-wide, 3-year Lean quality improvement initiative on reducing pain was commenced as a result of this survey.
Checklist of helminth parasites of Striped Red Mullet, Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes: Mullidae), caught in the Bay of Kristel , Algeria (western Mediterranean)
Authors: Hassani Maya Meriem , Kerfouf Ahmed , Boutiba Zitouni 
Published: January 2015

This investigation on the parasitic biodiversity of Striped Red Mullet, Mullus surmuletus, revealed the presence of 14 parasite species, including seven species of Digenea, four species of Nematoda, two species of Acanthocephala, and one Cestoda. Opecoelides furcatus and Proctotrema bacilliovatum are the most prevalent digenean species, present in 70% and 17% of the fish specimens analyzed, respectively. Concerning nematode species, Hysterothylacium fabri, Ascarophis valentina and Cucullanus longicollis have shown a prevalence of 66%, 17% and 8% respectively, among all specimens of M. surmuletus analyzed.
Fish fauna of the Pandeiros River, a region of environmental protection for fish species in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Santos Udson , Silva Priscilla Caroline , Barros Lucas Caetano , Dergam Jorge Abdala 
Published: January 2015

The Area of Environmental Protection of the Pandeiros River is the largest unit for sustainable use in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The Pandeiros Wetland in the lower part of this river is considered a nursery for most migratory fish species of the São Francisco River and it is currently threatened by the introduced peacock-bass Cichla piquiti (Kullander & Ferreira, 2006). In this study, a list of fish species from the Pandeiros River was developed and compared with data for populations from other regions in the São Francisco basin. The presence of a new species record for the São Francisco River basin in the Pandeiros, and the particular local biotic and abiotic conditions of that river, support its recognition as an important conservation unit within the basin.
New records of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia
Authors: Brochero Helena , Conn Jan E. 
Published: January 2015

Malaria is endemic in Vichada department in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. Reports of species in the genus Anopheles Meigen 1818, responsible for transmission of Plasmodium spp. parasites leading to malaria cases, should result in strengthened entomological surveillance and a clearer focus on the most effective vector control strategies. Here we present new records of Anopheles (Anopheles) shannoni Davis, 1931 and A. (A.) costai & forattini for Vichada department, Colombia. Additionally, we have new records of A. (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus Neiva & Pinto, 1922, and A. (A.) mattogrossensis Lutz & Neiva, 1911 for Puerto Carreño, the capital of Vichada department.
Phototrophic microflora of dystrophic Lake Sęczek, Masuria, Poland
Authors: Grabowska Magdalena , Hindák František , Hindáková Alica 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Microflora of cyanobacteria and algae of small forest dystrophic Lake Sęczek located in the Masurian Lake District, NE Poland, was investigated in 2012 and 2013. A total of 16 genera with 7 species of cyanobacteria and 56 genera with 74 species, 6 varietas and forms of algae were determined. Most of them represented commonly occurring microorganisms of slightly acidic waters, but some of them are considered rare, i.e. the oscillatorian cyanobacterium Katagnymene accurata Geitler (for the first time found in Poland), and green algae Coenochloris sphagnicola Hindák, Mucidosphaerium sphagnale (Hindák) C. Bock, Pröschold et Krienitz, Closterium navicula (Bréb.) Lütkem., and Cosmarium cf. aphaerosporum var. corribense (W. et G.S. West) Krieger et Gerloff., which are described in more detail. As regards the species diversity, the plankton of the lake was rather species-poor in contrast to the algal communities in the Sphagnum littoral.
Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan
Authors: Khuram Izaz , Ahmad Nadeem , Jan Samin , Barinova Sophia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFreshwater green algal biofouling of boats refers to the accrual of freshwater green algae on boats immersed in water. The current research focused on the morphological characteristics of the isolates, species ecology, and the physicochemical properties of the water at the sampling sites. Two localities, Haji Zai and Sardaryab, were sampled at the Kabul River in the district of Charsadda, Pakistan. Freshwater green algae causing biofouling were isolated from the boats. A total of three genera: Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, and Spirogyra with fifteen species belonging to the families Cladophoraceae and Zygnemataceae were observed. Statistical analysis reveals significant stimulation of green algal species in the boats’ fouled communities by increases in water temperature, conductivity, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The algal growth at the Haji Zai site is suppressed by TDS in autumn (Pearson −0.56) and is stimulated by water temperature in spring (Pearson 0.44). At the Sardaryab site, algae were stimulated in spring by pH of water (Pearson 0.61), and suppressed by Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in autumn (Pearson −0.43). Statistical analysis indicates that pH, conductivity, and temperature are the main factors determining the algal biofouling in the Kabul River.
Four small-celled Planothidium species from Central Europe proposed as new to science
Authors: Bąk Małgorzata , Lange-Bertalot Horst 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Four small-celled taxa are presented and described — Planothidium werumianum, P. pumilum, P. rhombiculum and P. rostratoholarcticum. Planothidium werumianum, P. pumilum and P. rhombiculum are proposed as new to science and P. rostratoholarcticum as a new name for Achnanthes lanceolata var. rostrata Hustedt 1911. The latter, coming from Germany, is transferred to Planothidium in the species rank. The new name — P. rostratoholarcticum — is necessary to avoid a junior homonym, i.e., Planothidium rostratum (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot 1999, a species described from tropical Thailand. The new taxa were compared to several other, more or less similar small-celled Planothidium spp., such as P. rostratum (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot, P. minutissimum (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot, P. granum (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot, P. daui (Foged) Lange-Bertalot, P. frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot and P. engelbrechtii (Cholnoky) Round & Bukhtiyarova. Significant differences could be found through light- and electron microscopic fine structure analysis. Planothidium pumilum and P. rostratoholarcticum occur mainly in eutrophic alkaline rivers and lakes with medium to high conductivity, likewise in estuaries, lagoons, and backwater of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Planothidium werumianum and P. rhombiculum were found in small carbonate-rich rivers originating from medium altitude mountains.
Predation of adult large diving beetles Dytiscus marginalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Dytiscus circumcinctus (Ahrens, 1811) and Cybister lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) on fish fry
Authors: Frelik Anna 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The presented study describes the presence of fish fry in the diet of imagines of large Dytiscidae. The study was conducted between March and September in 2012 and 2013. A total of 163 large, aquatic, diving beetles were caught, which represented the following species: Dytiscus marginalis, Dytiscus circumcinctus, Cybister lateralimarginalis. Fish were identified by scales, bones, vertebrae, pharyngeal teeth. Insects were identified by epicrania, mandibles, hooks, limbs, body segments, eyes and wings. Crustaceans were identified by limbs and Oligochaeta by bristles. Seeds and eggs of invertebrates were found whole and intact. Fragments of fish fry were found in the digestive tracts of all three species collected in three studied ponds. The alimentary canals of the studied beetles contained also fragments of insects, detritus, plant tissue, Crustacea, Arachnida, other invertebrates, Oligochaeta, and Gastropoda.
Occurrence of potentially human pathogenic bacteria in the seawater and in the sand of the recreational coastal beach in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Mudryk Zbigniew , Gackowska Joanna , Skórczewski Piotr , Perliński Piotr , Zdanowicz Marta 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The occurrence and the distribution of potentially human pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa, Staphylococcus and Vibrio-like organisms in the sand and the adjacent seawater of the recreational coastal beach were studied. The highest mean number among these four studied groups of bacteria was represented by Aeromonas-like organisms and the lowest one by Staphylococcus-like organisms. Dry sand was inhabited by the highest number of all studied potentially pathogenic bacteria. Within a year, the number of the studied bacteria inhabiting the sand and the seawater showed considerable monthly changes. There were differences in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria between the surface and the subsurface sand layers with a clear decrease in their number toward the deeper layers of the sand.
Temporal fluctuations of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River (Northern Turkey)
Authors: Sevindik Tuğba , Tunca Hatice , Önem Burçin , Tamer Sevil 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton and water quality in response to the hydrological regime in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River. Variations in the composition, biomass and functional groups of phytoplankton and environmental parameters were monthly analyzed in sub-surface samples collected from the pelagic zone at four stations from July 2012 to June 2013. A total of 109 taxa were identified, and the species which contributed the most to the phytoplankton biomass were grouped into 14 functional groups (FGs). The distribution of FGs was linked to the transition (T1 and T2), high (HW) and low (LW) water periods in North Mollaköy Lake. FGs J, MP, N, G, X1, X2, Y, W1, W2, S1, H1, B and C were the contributors to the phytoplankton biomass during the low-water period (LW) and the transition periods (T1 and T2), while Lo contributed the most during the high-water period (HW). RDA revealed that the most important factor affecting the temporal distribution of FGs was the water discharge and that there are some differences between stations in terms of Si, pH values and the distribution of FGs.
First record of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Janas Urszula , Tutak Beata 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The present paper reports for the first time on the occurrence of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea in 2014. Ovigerous females and young individuals were found, indicating a possible establishment of this species in the Baltic Sea.
Resistance of riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages to hydrological extremes
Authors: Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Lik Joanna , Leszczyńska Joanna 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Macroinvertebrates were sampled in the lowland Drzewiczka River downstream from a dam reservoir and just below a whitewater slalom canoeing track. For over 20 years, pulse flow fluctuations of moderate intensity, an effect of two-three hour long releases of water per day to enable training of canoeists, induced a patchy mosaic in the tailwater riverbed compared to a natural site. After these regular disturbances, three accidental events of increased discharge of different magnitudes (three, five and sixteen times higher compared to a long-term median) occurred in two following years and we were able to investigate their impact on the habitat-specific processes.
Two of the three events (in September 2000 and March 2001) had a minor effect on abiotic and biotic variables, while the third one (in February 2002, over 40 m3 s−1 discharge) destabilized the bed habitat, washing away the flood-sensitive macroinvertebrates of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. In the dominant benthic group, i.e. Chironomidae, varied resistance patterns were observed, depending on their mode of life and patch occupancy. In conclusion, biota in the Drzewiczka River have adapted their life history to long-term moderate flow disturbance, but the largest flood mobilized bed sediments together with most of their dwellers.
Latitudinal pattern of abundance and composition of ciliate communities in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rychert Krzysztof , Nawacka Bożena , Majchrowski Roman , Zapadka Tomasz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition of the ciliate community were studied in the surface waters along a transect between 50°S 61°W and 48°N 5°W (Atlantic Ocean, March-April 2011). The abundance of heterotrophic ciliates was low in the equatorial zone (280–320 cells l−1, 0.11–0.12 μg C l−1), but it increased toward both the northern and southern temperate zones with the maximum abundance observed at 44°S (2667 cells l−1, 0.82 μg C l−1). This pattern resembles the global distribution of oceanic primary production, which is low at lower latitudes and high in temperate zones. In temperate zones ciliate abundance peaks during spring and fall. Thus, because the present study was carried out during spring in the northern hemisphere and austral fall in the southern hemisphere, the ciliate abundance at higher latitudes was additionally elevated. Functionally autotrophic Mesodinium rubrum was only observed in the northern hemisphere and tropical waters. Its maximum abundance was observed at 48°N (1080 cells l−1, 1.14 μg C l−1). The most frequently observed ciliates were oligotrichs and choreotrichs. Other important ciliates were haptorids (including M. rubrum) and hypotrichs.