bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPCRs: Die molekularen Antennen des Körpers
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer Nobelpreis für Chemie 2012 geht an die US‐Wissenschaftler Robert J. Lefkowitz und Brian K. Kobilka für ihre Forschung an G‐Protein‐gekoppelten‐Rezeptoren (GPCRs). Über diese lebenswichtigen Vermittler können die Zellen in unserem Körper miteinander kommunizieren und Sinneseindrücke wahrnehmen. Die “molekularen Antennen” des Körpers leiten zahlreiche Signale von der Außenwelt in das Zellinnere weiter und sind an fast allen Empfindungs‐ und Steuerungsprozessen beteiligt. Dank der Forschung an GPCRs können passgenauere Arzneimittel mit weniger Nebenwirkungen entwickelt werden. Schon jetzt richtet sich etwa die Hälfte aller Medikamente an diese Rezeptoren.
Azidoacetylen erstmals isoliert und untersucht
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlkinylazide sind extrem reaktiv und zerfallen schnell. Erste Versuche Azidoacetylen, das kleinste Homolog dieser Azide, zu synthetisieren, gehen auf das Jahr 1910 zurück. Nach 102 Jahren wurde Azidoacetylen nun erstmals isoliert und näher charakterisiert.
Dioxin Like Compounds Bulk Deposition on Corn (Zea mais) and Alfa Alfa (Medicago sativa): Modelled Levels on Derived Silage and Hay and Their Relevance for Dairy Production
Authors: Brambilla Gianfranco , De Filippis Stefania Paola , Esposito Vittorio , Settimo Gaetano 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDioxin‐like compounds from regular, occasional or fugitive airborne sources of emission may fall out on fodders close to be harvested for silage and hay production. In this way, a prolonged long‐term intake of contaminated forages in dairy animals may be envisaged, able to determine a rise of the background contamination in milk. We simulated different risk scenarios taking into account the inventoried bulk dry depositions in rural areas of the aforesaid contaminants, silage and hay biomass production per hectare, forages regimen in dairy animals, and the congeners carry‐over rate (COR) from forages to milk. Considering atmospheric depositions >10 pg I‐TE m−2 day−1 and accounting for a 30% COR, dairy milk could rise up to the PCDD/F level of 3 pg WHO1998‐TE g−1 fat. The modelling indicates that in rural areas bulk emissions should be selectively minimised, accounting for the calendar of the different agricultural practices, because of their potential impact on the fodders. Since environmental factors play a non‐negligible role in food production, a stronger harmonisation between I‐TE and WHO1998–2005‐TE scales with respect to dioxin‐like polychlorobiphenyl congeners inclusion is envisaged. This will allow the prevention of the human indirect exposure to such contaminants when released in the air.
Speleogenesis of an exhumed hydrothermal sulphuric acid karst in Cambrian carbonates (Mount San Giovanni, Sardinia)
Authors: De Waele Jo , Forti Paolo , Naseddu Angelo 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn the past few years the systematic study of caves intercepted by mine workings in southwest Sardinia has permitted us to observe morphologies due to rare speleogenetic and minerogenetic processes related to ancient hydrothermal activity. These relic morphologies are slowly being overprinted by recent speleogenetic processes that tend to obscure the hypogene origin of these caves. A combined geomorphological and mineralogical investigation has permitted a fairly detailed reconstruction of the various phases of evolution of these caves.Cave formation had already started in Cambrian times, but culminated in the Carboniferous, when most of the large voids still accessible today were formed. A key role in carbonate dissolution was played by sulphuric acid formed by the oxidation of the polymetallic ores present in the rocks since the Cambrian. During the Quaternary a variety of minerals formed inside the caves: calcite and aragonite, that yielded sequences of palaeo‐environmental interest, and also barite, phosgenite, hydrozincite, hemimorphite and many others. These minerals are in part due to a phreatic thermal hypogenic cave forming phase, and in part to later epigene overprinting in an oxidizing environment rich in polymetallic ores. Massive gypsum deposits, elsewhere typical of this kind of caves, are entirely absent due to dissolution during both the phreatic cave formation and the later epigenic stage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical analysis indicates seepage control on initiation of meandering
Authors: Eekhout J. P. C. , Hoitink A. J. F. , Makaske B. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn analytical and numerical models of river meandering, initiation of meandering typically occurs uniformly along the streamwise coordinate in the channel. Based on a historical analysis of the Nierskanaal, here we show how and under which circumstances meandering has initiated in isolated sections of a channel. The Nierskanaal was constructed by the end of the 18th century, as a straight channel between the river Niers and the river Meuse. The purpose of this measure was to reduce flood risk in the downstream reaches of the river Niers. The banks on the Dutch part of the channel were left unprotected and developed into a morphodynamically active channel, featuring a meandering planform and valley incision. The planform development and incision process is analysed using topographic maps and airborne LiDAR data. Meandering initiated in three sections of the channel, where the channel sinuosity developed asynchronously. Sedimentary successions in the study area show layers of iron oxide, indicating groundwater seepage from aeolian river dunes and river deposits located nearby. Only at the spots where meandering has initiated iron oxide is found close to the surface level. This provides a clue that seepage triggered bank erosion by increasing moisture content of the banks. The isolated meandering sections expanded in the longitudinal direction. Valley incision has developed in the first decades after the construction of the channel, and diminished after a gravel layer was reached. Gravel was deposited in the downstream half of the channel bed, acting as an armouring layer. The spatial variation in meandering behaviour, as observed in the Nierskanaal, justifies efforts to implement the influence of floodplain heterogeneity and the effect of seepage on bank erosion in meander models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A large landslide event in a post‐glacial landscape: rethinking glacial legacy
Authors: Davies Timothy R. H. , Warburton Jeff , Dunning Stuart A. , Bubeck Alodie A. P. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThrelkeld Knotts (c. 500 m above sea level) in the English Lake District has hitherto been considered to be a glacially‐modified intrusion of microgranite. However, its surface features are incompatible with glacial modification; neither can these nor the subsurface structures revealed by ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) be explained by post‐glacial subaerial processes acting on a glacially‐modified microgranite intrusion. Here we re‐interpret Threlkeld Knotts as a very large post‐glacial landslide involving the microgranite, with an estimated volume of about 4 × 107 m3. This interpretation is tested against published and recent information on the geology of the site, the glacial geomorphic history of the area and newly‐acquired GPR data. More than 60 large post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) rock–slope failures have significantly modified the glaciated landscape of the Lake District; this is one of the largest. Recognition of this major landslide deposit in such a well‐studied environment highlights the need to continuously re‐examine landscapes in the light of increasing knowledge of geomorphic processes and with available technology in currently active or de‐glaciating environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of Organotin(IV) Complexes with 2‐Acetylpyridine‐N(4)‐cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone (HAPCT)
Authors: Salam M. A. , Affan M. A. , Arafat Md. Azharul , Saha Ramkrishna , Nasrin Runia 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe reaction of 2‐acetylpyridine‐N(4)‐cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone [(HAPCT), (1)] ligand with organotin(IV) chloride(s) afforded the five new organotin(IV) complexes: [MeSnCl2(APCT)] (2), [BuSnCl2(APCT)] (3), [PhSnCl2(APCT)] (4), [Me2SnCl(APCT)] (5), and [Ph2SnCl(APCT)] (6). The ligand (1) and its organotin(IV) complexes (2–6) have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analyses, molar conductivity, UV–vis, FT IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectral studies. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies indicated that [PhSnCl2(APCT)] (4) is six coordinated and strongly adopts a distorted octahedral configuration with the coordination through pyridine‐N, azomethine‐N, and thiolato‐S atoms of the ligand. The compound crystallizes into a monoclinic lattice with the space group P21/n. The ligand (1) and its organotin(IV) complexes (2–6) were assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella typhi. The screening results have shown that the organotin(IV) complexes (2–6) have better antibacterial activity than the free ligand. Furthermore, it has been shown that the diphenyltin(IV) derivative (6) exhibits significantly better activities than the other organotin(IV) derivatives (2–5). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:43–52, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21061
High expression of crystallin αB represents an independent molecular marker for unfavourable ovarian cancer patient outcome and impairs TRAIL‐ and cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Volkmann Juliane , Reuning Ute , Rudelius Martina , Häfner Norman , Schuster Tibor , v. Rose Aaron Becker , Weimer Joerg , Hilpert Felix , Kiechle Marion , Dürst Matthias , Arnold Norbert , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Meindl Alfons , Ramser Juliane 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDysregulated apoptotic pathways are regarded as major reasons for chemoresistance development as a particular challenge in ovarian cancer therapy. In search of molecular factors affecting human ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and, consequently, patient survival, we examined tumors of 103 platinum‐/taxane‐treated ovarian cancer patients by mRNA‐array hybridization, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. We identified high expression of crystallin αB (CRYAB), a proposed negative regulator of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)‐mediated apoptosis. By Kaplan Meier analysis, this factor turned out to be significantly associated with poor patient outcome [overall survival (OS) p = 0.001, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) p = 0.003]. Elevated hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with regard to OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.10–4.06) and RFS (HR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.07–3.47) in multivariable analyses. These associations were confirmed in independent, publicly available mRNA data comprising 431 patients for OS (p < 0.001) and 413 for RFS (p < 0.001). Our findings were validated by studying apoptotic events in cultured human ovarian cancer cells which were stably transfected to express elevated CRYAB levels. These data emphasized the crucial role of CRYAB in human ovarian cancer biology since TRAIL‐ as well as cisplatin‐induced apoptosis was significantly impaired as a function of enhanced CRYAB expression. Taken together, we identified CRYAB as an independent biomarker for unfavourable outcome of human ovarian cancer patients. Since TRAIL is currently tested as anti‐cancer drug and large proportions of the present patient cohort displayed low CRYAB levels in their tumors, CRYAB may enable the selection of patient subgroups benefiting most from TRAIL‐containing therapy.
Clinicopathological and functional significance of XRCC1 expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Abdel‐Fatah Tarek , Sultana Rebeka , Abbotts Rachel , Hawkes Claire , Seedhouse Claire , Chan Stephen , Madhusudan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractX‐ray repair cross‐complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) is essential for DNA base excision repair, single strand break repair and nucleotide excision repair. We investigated clinicopathological and functional significance of XRCC1 expression in ovarian cancers. XRCC1 protein expression was evaluated in 195 consecutive human ovarian cancers and correlated with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes. Functional preclinical studies were conducted in a panel of XRCC1 deficient and proficient Chinese hamster and Human cancer cells for cisplatin chemosensitivity. Clonogenic assay, neutral COMET assay, γH2AX immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analyses were performed in cells. In ovarian cancer, 48% of the tumors were positive for XRCC1 expression and significantly associated with higher stage (p = 0.006), serous type tumors (p = 0.008), suboptimal de‐bulking (p = 0.004) and platinum resistance (p < 0.0001). Positive XRCC1 had twofold increase of risk of death (p = 0.007) and progression (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate Cox model, XRCC1 expression was independently associated with cancer specific [p = 0.038] and progression free survival [p = 0.003]. Preclinically, XRCC1 negative cells were sensitive to cisplatin compared to XRCC1 positive cells. Sensitivity to cisplatin in XRCC1 negative cells was associated with accumulation of DNA double strand breaks and G2/M cell cycle arrest. XRCC1 expression is associated with adverse clinicopathological and survival outcomes in patients. Preclinical data provides mechanistic functional evidence for cisplatin sensitivity in XRCC1 negative cells. XRCC1 is a promising predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer.
Evaluation of different irrigation protocols concerning the formation of chemical smear layer
Authors: Do Prado Maíra , Simão Renata A. , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the different irrigation protocols concerning the formation of chemical smear layer (CSL). Fifty‐five teeth were instrumented by using distilled water (DW) as irrigant. Next, the teeth were submitted to a protocol for removal of the mechanical smear layer produced. The teeth were divided into 11 groups, according to irrigation regimen. Then, the teeth were prepared and analyzed with SEM and EDS. Only in Group 1 [1 mL sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL chlorhexidine (CHX) solution], Group 2 [1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution], and Group 3 [1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL citric acid (CA) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution], the formation of CSL was observed. In the groups where CHX gel was used alone or in association with EDTA, CA, phosphoric acid (PA), and CHX solution, no formation of CSL was observed. According to the results found in the cases in which one wants to associate NaOCl with CHX, the protocol using PA (1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL PA + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution) did not induce formation of CSL. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explaining task performance and creativity from perceived organizational support theory: Which mechanisms are more important?
Authors: Yu Chongxin , Frenkel Stephen J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPerceived organizational support (POS) theory specifies three mechanisms—felt obligation, group identification, and outcome expectancy—to explain the effects of organizational support on employee work outcomes. These mechanisms have usually been examined in isolation so that it is not possible to assess their relative explanatory power. The present study aims to remedy this problem by examining the three mechanisms simultaneously using structural equation modeling. On the basis of a sample of 206 bank employees in China, we focus on two types of employee performance—task performance and creativity—as dependent variables. Drawing on self‐determination theory and characteristics of the research context, we propose that task performance is more strongly predicted by felt obligation than by the other two mechanisms, whereas identification and expectancy more strongly predict creativity than felt obligation. We conclude by discussing our contribution to POS and creativity research, and highlight some important implications of our findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Extrusion of Stereocomplexed Poly‐L,D‐lactides: Processing, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Gallos Antoine , Fontaine Gaëlle , Bourbigot Serge 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis work reports a facile route to synthesize homochiral and stereocomplexed polylactide by reactive extrusion. The effect of the polymerization catalyst (combination of tin(II)octanoate and triphenylphosphine) before and after its deactivation is discussed. Poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) exhibits homochiral crystallinity and diblock poly‐L,D‐lactide (PDLLA) exhibits stereocomplex crystallinity. The presence of residual monomer leads to a plasticizing effect, reducing glass transition temperature (Tg). Changes of the tacticity (L,D‐tacticity) of the stereocomplex are due to the transesterification reactions between L and D units. Deactivation of the catalyst reduces transesterification reactions and preserves the polylactide stereocomplex upon heating. magnified image
Role of Gender in Conflict Handling in the Context of Outsourcing Service Marketing
Authors: Ndubisi Nelson Oly 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTDo male and female outsourcing service marketers differ in their responses to conflict‐handling styles of outsourcers? The paper addresses this question by identifying relationship‐oriented typologies of conflict handling from extant literature and examining their effects on key relational outcomes in outsourcing relationship in Asia. Specifically, the paper considers how outsourcers’ conflict‐handling styles impact trust and commitment by male and female outsourcing service providers’ (OSPs). Data were collected from male and female OSPs and analyzed using Factor and Hierarchical Multiple Regression analyses. Findings show significant differences in the relationship between conflict‐handling styles and relational outcomes between male and female OSPs. Precisely, integrating conflict handling–trust relationship is significantly stronger for males than for females, whereas compromising conflict handling–trust relationship is significantly stronger for females than for males. Findings show no statistical differences in accommodating conflict handling–trust relationship between the groups. These findings lead to research and managerial implications that conclude the paper.
Organ specificity of beta‐carotene induced lung gene‐expression changes in Bcmo1−/− mice
Authors: van Helden Yvonne G. J. , Godschalk Roger W. L. , van Schooten Frederik J. , Keijer Jaap 
Published: December 2012

ScopeWhole genome transcriptome analysis of male and female beta‐carotene 15,15′‐monooxygenase knockout (Bcmo1−/−) and Bcmo1+/+ (wild‐type) mice with or without 14 wk of BC supplementation was done. We previously showed that only 1.8% of the genes regulated by BC in lung were also regulated in liver and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), suggesting lung specific responses. Here, we explicitly questioned the lung specificity.Methods and resultsWe show that BC supplementation resulted in an opposite direction of gene‐regulation in male compared to female Bcmo1−/− mice in lung, liver, and iWAT. This supports a systemic effect of BC on steroid hormone metabolism mediated responses. Lung, liver, and iWAT of female Bcmo1−/− mice showed an increased inflammatory response, which was counteracted by supplementation of BC. This supports a genotype dependent increased sensitivity of female mice for vitamin A deficiency. Finally, the effect of BC on Wnt signaling in male Bcmo1−/− mice was examined. Frizzled homolog 6 (Fzd6) downregulation was seen in all three tissues. Collagen triple helix containing 1 (Cthrc1) downregulation was seen in lung tissue only, suggesting specificity. Upregulation of genes involved in oxygen sensing was seen in lung and iWAT, while protocadherin upregulation was only seen in lung.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that effects of BC are strongly sex dependent. While effects of BC on hormone metabolism mediated responses and inflammation are systemic, effects on Wnt signaling may be lung specific.
Assessing breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo: which susceptibility contrast MRI biomarkers are relevant?
Authors: Kim Eugene , Cebulla Jana , Ward B. Douglas , Rhie Kevin , Zhang Jiangyang , Pathak Arvind P. 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThere is an impending need for noninvasive biomarkers of breast cancer angiogenesis to evaluate the efficacy of new anti‐angiogenic therapies in vivo. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the sensitivity of in vivo steady‐state susceptibility contrast‐MRI biomarkers of angiogenesis in a human breast cancer model.MethodsOrthotopic MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer xenografts were imaged by steady‐state susceptibility contrast‐MRI at post‐inoculation week 3 and post‐inoculation week 5, followed by ex vivo whole tumor 3D micro‐CT angiography. “Absolute” (i.e., measures of vascular morphology in appropriate units) and “relative” (i.e., proportional to measures of vascular morphology) MRI biomarkers of tumor blood volume, vessel size, and vessel density were computed and their ability to predict the corresponding micro‐CT analogs assessed using cross‐validation analysis.ResultsAll MRI biomarkers significantly correlated with their micro‐CT analogs and were sensitive to the micro‐CT‐measured decreases in tumor blood volume and vessel density from post‐inoculation week 3 to post‐inoculation week 5. However, cross‐validation analysis revealed there was no significant difference between the predictive accuracy of “absolute” and “relative” biomarkers.ConclusionAs “relative” biomarkers are more easily computed from steady‐state susceptibility contrast‐MRI (i.e., without additional MRI measurements) than “absolute” biomarkers, it makes them promising candidates for assessing breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 70:1106–1116, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meso‐scale particle modeling of concrete deterioration caused by alkali‐aggregate reaction
Authors: Pan Jianwen , Feng Y. T. , Jin Feng , Xu Yanjie , Sun Qicheng , Zhang Chuhan , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYA meso‐scale particle model is presented to simulate the expansion of concrete subjected to alkali‐aggregate reaction (AAR) and to analyze the AAR‐induced degradation of the mechanical properties. It is the first attempt to evaluate the deterioration mechanism due to AAR using the discrete‐element method. A three‐phase meso‐scale model for concrete composed of aggregates, mortar and the interface is established with the combination of a pre‐processing approach and the particle flow code, PFC2D. A homogeneous aggregate expansion approach is applied to model the AAR expansion. Uniaxial compression tests are conducted for the AAR‐affected concrete to examine the effects on the mechanical properties. Two specimens with different aggregate sizes are analyzed to consider the effects of aggregate size on AAR. The results show that the meso‐scale particle model is valid to predict the expansion and the internal micro‐cracking patterns caused by AAR. The two different specimens exhibit similar behavior. The Young's modulus and compressive strength are significantly reduced with the increase of AAR expansion. The shape of the stress–strain curves obtained from the compression tests clearly reflects the influence of internal micro‐cracks: an increased nonlinearity before the peak loading and a more gradual softening for more severely affected specimens. Similar macroscopic failure patterns of the specimens under compression are observed in terms of diagonal macroscopic cracks splitting the specimen into several triangular pieces, whereas localized micro‐cracks forming in slightly affected specimens are different from branching and diffusing cracks in severely affected ones, demonstrating different failure mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.