bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen abuse: Risks and adverse effects in men
Authors: Grant Bonnie , Hyams Elizabeth , Davies Rhianna , Minhas Suks , Jayasena Channa N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAndrogens, formerly known as anabolic‐androgenic steroids, mimic the effects of testosterone and are being increasingly abused for nonmedical purposes such as body and performance enhancement. Androgen abuse is associated with increased mortality, and multisystem adverse effects have been reported, including cardiovascular toxicity, infertility, hypogonadism, hepatotoxicity, and mental health disorders. Men may present with the negative health consequences of androgen abuse even despite cessation for a number of years. There is frequently a reluctance to disclose androgen abuse, and substances are often sourced from the black market, which is not regulated and where the products sold may be counterfeit. All men should be encouraged to stop androgen abuse. Managing associated adverse effects will be organ‐specific and is complex due to physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms, substance dependence, and high rates of relapse. Given the broad reach and prolonged adverse effects of androgen abuse, clinicians across medical specialties should have an awareness of androgen abuse, its increasing prevalence, and the harms it poses to men and their families. This narrative review aims to summarize the adverse effects and risks associated with androgen abuse.
Retention efficacy and patient experience with customized clear retainer and wrap‐around circumferential retainer among non‐extraction orthodontic patients: A 12‐month follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Bae Jun‐Hyeong , Mangal Utkarsh , Yu Jae‐Hun , Cha Jung‐Yul , Yu Hyung‐Seog , Lee Kee‐Joon , Choi Sung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate retention efficacy by assessing retention stability and patient perspectives according to type of circumferential retainer: the wrap‐around circumferential retainer (WCR) and customized clear retainer (CCR).Materials and MethodsThis cohort follow‐up study involved 52 patients aged 18–62 who underwent fixed‐appliance orthodontic treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery. Following screening consenting participants were divided into WCR and CCR groups. All participants before follow‐up received fixed retainers for the upper and lower anteriors and respective removable retainers within 2 weeks post‐debond. Intraoral scans and lateral cephalograms were taken immediately after debonding (T0) and again 12 months later. Dentoalveolar changes in several measurements were compared to evaluate retention efficacy. Surveys were conducted at 1 month (T1) and 12 months (T2) post‐debonding to assess changes in patient experiences. Outcome assessments were blinded. Paired T‐tests and independent T‐tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of dentoalveolar measurements, respectively. Survey responses were analysed using the Pearson Chi‐Square test.ResultsThe final assessment included 32 participants. Model analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups, except for maxillary intermolar width (p = .033). In the WCR group, the cephalometric analysis indicated a significant increase in the incisor mandibular plane angle (p = .002) and a decrease in the interincisal angle (p = .014), while changes in the CCR group were statistically non‐significant. Patient attitude evaluation showed similar trends for wear time and overall satisfaction. However, a higher percentage of respondents in the WCR group reported irritation when wearing the retainers (p = .037) at T1 and discomfort related to speech (p = .038) at T2.ConclusionsCCR showed better retention efficacy in terms of lower incisor inclination. Patients experienced relatively less irritation and speech discomfort with CCRs.
Detection of Anti‐Strongyloides Antibodies in the Serum of Liver Transplant Recipients: Need of Screening for This Neglected Helminthiasis
Authors: Corral Marcelo Andreetta , Meisel Dirce Mary Correia Lima , Gouvêa Michele Soares Gomes , Pessoa Mario Guimarães , Abdala Edson , Terrabuio Debora Raquel Benedita , da Costa Idessania Nazareth , de Paula Fabiana Martins , Gryschek Ronaldo Cesar Borges 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTImmunosuppressed patients, particularly transplant recipients, can develop severe strongyloidiasis. This study aimed to detect anti‐Strongyloides IgG antibodies in a panel of sera from liver transplant patients. Two techniques were used: ELISA as the initial screening test and Western blotting as a confirmatory test. ELISA reactivity of 10.9% (32/294) was observed. The 40–30 kDa fraction was recognised in 93.7% (30/32) of the patients, resulting in a positivity rate of 10.2%. These data highlight the importance of serological screening for Strongyloides stercoralis infection in liver transplant recipients.
Functional analysis of the CaPIPLC5 gene in the regulation of the fertility restoration in pepper
Authors: Ma Yan , Wei Ming , Zhang Tao , Wang Yuhang , Duan Panpan , Wang Lina , Kong Weifu , Zhang Gaoyuan , Wei Bingqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a very important factor to produce hybrid seeds, and the restoration of fertility involves the expression of many fertility‐related genes. Our previous study showed that the expression of CaPIPLC5 was significantly up‐regulated in pepper restorer accessions and minimally expressed in sterile accessions, speculating that CaPIPLC5 is related to the restoration of fertility. In this study, we further validated the function of CaPIPLC5 in the restoration of fertility. The results showed that CaPIPLC5 was specifically expressed in the anthers of the restorer accessions with the subcellular localization in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the expression of CaPIPLC5 was significantly higher in restorer lines and restorer combinations than that in CMS lines and their maintainer lines. Silencing CaPIPLC5 led to the number of pollen decreased, pollen grains wrinkled, and the ratio of pollen germination reduced. In addition, the joint analysis of Yeast One‐Hybrid (Y1H) and Dual‐Luciferase (dual‐LUC) assays suggested that transcription factors such as CaARF5, CabZIP24 and CaMYB‐like1, interacted with the promoter regions of CaPIPLC5, which regulated the expression of CaPIPLC5. The present results provide new insights into the study of CaPIPLC5 involved in the restoration of fertility in pepper.
Influence of IAA and ABA on maize stem vessel diameter and stress resistance in variable environments
Authors: Liu Junzhou , Carriquí Marc , Xiong Dongliang , Kang Shaozhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe plasticity of the xylem and its associated hydraulic properties play crucial roles in plant acclimation to environmental changes, with vessel diameter (Dv) being the most functionally prominent trait. While the effects of external environmental factors on xylem formation and Dv are not fully understood, the endogenous hormones indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are known to play significant signalling roles under stress conditions. This study investigates how these hormones impact Dv under various environmental changes. Experiments were conducted in maize plants subjected to drought, soil salinity, and high CO2 concentration treatments. We found that drought and soil salinity significantly reduced Dv at the same stem internode, while an elevated CO2 concentration can mitigate this decrease in Dv. Remarkably, significant negative correlations were observed between Dv and the contents of IAA and ABA when considering the different treatments. Moreover, appropriate foliar application of either IAA or ABA on well‐watered and stressed plants led to a decrease in Dv, while the application of corresponding inhibitors resulted in an increase in Dv. This finding underscores the causal relationship between Dv and the levels of both IAA and ABA, offering a promising approach to manipulating xylem vessel size.
Endodontic management of taurodontism in a patient with Morquio syndrome: Case report of a 16‐year‐old girl
Authors: Mirza Mubashir Baig 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and aimMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV, referred to as Morquio A syndrome (MAS), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an insufficient level in the storage of glycosaminoglycans within lysosomes. Diagnosis generally depends on clinical examination, skeletal radiographs, and histochemical tests. The condition is characterized by prominent skeletal deformities, limited joint mobility, significant growth impairment, abnormalities in tooth alignment, and defects in tooth enamel. The present clinical case report aims to provide details of a MAS case with peculiar dental findings, including multiple taurodonts where emergency dental treatment was rendered.Case representationA 16‐year‐old girl with short stature and prominent facial characteristics reported severe pain in the right maxillary back region. Clinical examination revealed multiple areas of alveolar bone loss, decayed #36, and temporary restoration on #16. Radiographic examination indicated multiple posterior teeth with taurodontism. Past medical history was confirmative of Morquio syndrome. Treating taurodonts endodontically is challenging due to the enlarged pulp chamber, shortened roots, and constricted root canal anatomy. Motorized canal preparation and the use of bioceramic sealer with single cone obturation were done to achieve the best results.ConclusionThe present case report encountered difficulty locating and negotiating the root canals and establishing the glide path. Using a dental operating microscope and stiff hand files for glide path and short‐length Niti rotary files helped achieve the desired results. Although MPS IV is not frequently seen in dental practice, persons with this syndrome can continue to have good oral and overall health if their dental and medical condition if appropriately managed.
School choice and parenting strategies among Czech middle‐class parents: Implications for social segregation in public schools
Authors: Smith Slámová Radka , Simonová Jaroslava 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch examining middle‐class parents' school choices often overlooks parents in post‐socialist nations, where social reproduction may occur differently than in Western urban contexts. To bridge this gap, our study illuminates the intersection of Czech middle‐class parents' school choices and parenting strategies. Drawing on 26 in‐depth interviews with parents, we depict “cultivation for wellbeing” as a distinct parenting approach prevalent within a subset of the Czech middle class that challenges prevailing Western depictions of middle‐class child‐rearing strategies in relation to school choice. We describe five areas in which the parenting approach contrasts with concerted cultivation and intensive parenting: the promotion of unstructured free time, autonomous socialization with selected peers, a propensity to avoid confronting teachers, gentle support for children's interests, and a focus on emotional and physical wellbeing. We posit that “cultivation for wellbeing” serves as a mechanism for social distinction among a segment of middle‐class parents, enabling them to distinguish themselves from other class segments by selecting and seamlessly accessing exclusive public school settings tailored to their nuanced educational preferences. The study underscores the need to reassess the dominant portrayals of middle‐class parenting strategies, highlighting the complex interplay between child‐rearing, school choice, and social reproduction in diverse cultural contexts.
Introduction: Intellectual decolonization: Contexts, Critiques and Alternatives
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid , Chen Hon‐Fai , Patel Sujata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe papers of this special issue, “Intellectual Decolonization: Contexts, Critiques and Alternatives”, deal with the broad issue of intellectual decolonization or the decolonization of knowledge in the social sciences. Together, the six articles provide contextual, critical and alternative views of what intellectual decolonization means and entails.
Understanding migrants' attitudes towards state pension: The role of length of stay and settlement intention
Authors: Marcora Sara , Seibel Verena , Damman Marleen , Lubbers Marcel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOld‐age state pension is central to European welfare states. Despite the growing number of migrants in Europe, little is known about their attitudes towards state pension. Pension systems are designed for a ‘sedentary’ population, as they require many years of contribution or residency in the country. This often affects first‐generation migrants, who arrive in the residence country only at a later point in their lives. In this paper, we draw on self‐interest theory, which is commonly used to explain individuals' support towards welfare institutions and theorize on how the migration experience adds to the standard model of self‐interest in relation to support for government spending on old‐age state pensions. Hence, we move beyond traditional indicators of self‐interest such as education and employment status and we test hypotheses on how migrant‐specific characteristics like length of stay and settlement intention in the residence country are related to migrants' support for government spending on old‐age state pensions. We use data from the Migrants' Welfare State Attitudes (MIFARE) survey (2016), the first cross‐national survey that focuses on migrants' attitudes towards the welfare state that was collected in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands among nine different migrant groups from within and outside the EU. We find that migrants living in the country for over 5 years and those with longer settlement intentions have a higher support for government spending on pensions. We conclude that it is crucial to take migrants' unique migration experiences into account when assessing their attitudes towards state pension.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of pyometra with unilateral uterine torsion in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Bynum Lauren , Voges Andra , Repyak Kristin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old female domestic shorthair, presenting for a 3‐day history of lethargy and hyporexia, was obtunded, dehydrated, tachypneic, and had abdominal distension on physical exam with no vaginal discharge or pyrexia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large, ovoid soft tissue mass and a tortuous, tubular soft tissue structure in the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a severely fluid‐distended uterus with a left uterine torsion, which was demonstrated by a “whirl sign.” Emergency ovariohysterectomy surgically confirmed a 360° torsion of the left uterine horn with a fluid‐distended right uterine horn. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra, and the cat recovered uneventfully.
Unstability problem of real analytic maps
Authors: Bekka Karim , Koike Satoshi , Ohmoto Toru , Shiota Masahiro , Tanabe Masato 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs well known, the stability of proper maps is characterized by the infinitesimal stability. In the present paper, we study the counterpart in real analytic context. In particular, we show that the infinitesimal stability does not imply stability; for instance, a Whitney umbrella is not stable. A main tool for the proof is a relative version of Whitney's analytic approximation theorem that is shown by using H. Cartan's Theorems A and B.
Strong divisibility sequences and sieve methods
Authors: Browning Tim , Verzobio Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate strong divisibility sequences and produce lower and upper bounds for the density of integers in the sequence that only have (somewhat) large prime factors. We focus on the special cases of Fibonacci numbers and elliptic divisibility sequences, discussing the limitations of our methods. At the end of the paper, there is an appendix by Sandro Bettin on divisor closed sets that we use to study the density of prime terms that appear in strong divisibility sequences.
Competing effects in fourth‐order aggregation–diffusion equations
Authors: Antonio Carrillo José , Esposito Antonio , Falcó Carles , Fernández‐Jiménez Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe give sharp conditions for global in time existence of gradient flow solutions to a Cahn–Hilliard‐type equation, with backwards second‐order degenerate diffusion, in any dimension and for general initial data. Our equation is the 2‐Wasserstein gradient flow of a free energy with two competing effects: the Dirichlet energy and the power‐law internal energy. Homogeneity of the functionals reveals critical regimes that we analyse. Sharp conditions for global in time solutions, constructed via the minimising movement scheme, also known as JKO scheme, are obtained. Furthermore, we study a system of two Cahn–Hilliard‐type equations exhibiting an analogous gradient flow structure.
Fully Consolidated Deposits From Oxide Dispersion Strengthened and Silicon Steel Powders Via Friction Surfacing
Authors: Deshpande Aishwarya , Baumann Christian , Faue Patrick , Mayer Michael , Ressel Gerald , Bleicher Friedrich , Pfefferkorn Frank E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the ability of friction surfacing to deposit metal alloys that are difficult to process with traditional methods. Creep and neutron irradiation-resistant oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) materials cannot be produced via the conventional casting route due to the insolubility of the oxidic and metallic alloy constituents, causing unintended inhomogeneous oxide dispersion and material behavior. Increasing the silicon content of iron–silicon (Fe–Si) improves electromagnetic properties but embrittles the material significantly, and fusion-based manufacturing methods are unable to process this steel. The solid-state nature of the friction surfacing process offers a potential alternative processing route to enable wider usage of difficult-to-process alloy systems. Both ODS and Fe–Si materials are available in powder forms. While the existing literature in friction surfacing focuses on depositing composites by incorporating small quantities of powders through holes in consumable rods, this is the first study showing that a large charge of powder can be converted to a homogeneous fully consolidated deposit in friction surfacing. A novel methodology is used that incorporates the high portion of powder feedstock into hollow consumable friction surfacing rods (up to 35% volume fraction). It was found that fully consolidated deposits can be produced with powder feedstocks using the proposed methodology. A recrystallized, homogeneous, equiaxed microstructure was observed in Fe–Si 6.8 wt% and a new-generation FeAlOY ODS alloy deposits processed with hollow stainless steel friction surfacing rods. Both powder and rod material plasticize and deposit without bulk intermixing.
Hemodynamic Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Athletes: A Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Maia Filipe , Machado Marta V.B. , Silva Gustavo , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Ribeiro João 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: There are multiple postexercise recovery technologies available in the market based on the assumption of blood-flow enhancement. Lower-limb intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has been widely used, but the available scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness remains scarce, requiring a deeper investigation into its underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the hemodynamic effects caused by the use of IPC at rest. Methods: Twenty-two soccer and track and field athletes underwent two 15-minute IPC protocols (moderate- [80 mm Hg] and high-pressure [200 mm Hg]) in a randomized order. Systolic peak velocity, end-diastolic peak velocity, arterial diameter, and heart rate were measured before, during (at the eighth minute), and 2 minutes after each IPC protocol. Results: Significant effects were observed between before and during (eighth minute) the IPC protocol for measures of systolic (P < .001) and end-diastolic peak velocities (P < .001), with the greater effects observed during the high-pressure protocol. Moreover, 2 minutes after each IPC protocol, hemodynamic variables returned to values close to baseline. Arterial diameter presented significant differences between pressures during the IPC protocols (P < .05), while heart rate remained unaltered. Conclusion: IPC effectively enhances transitory blood flow of athletes, particularly when applying high-pressure protocols.
Acute Effects of Cadence-Controlled Walking on Cognition and Vascular Function in Physically Inactive Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Zheng Peixuan , MacDonald Hayley V. , Richardson Mark T. , Man Kaiwen , McDonough Ian M. , Aguiar Elroy J. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Cadence-controlled walking may be a desirable approach for older adults to self-monitor exercise intensity and achieve physical activity guidelines. We examined the acute effects of cadence-controlled walking on cognition and vascular function in physically inactive older adults. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 26 participants (65% females, 67.8 ± 11.3 years) underwent 30-min acute exercise (walking at 100 steps/min) and control (sitting) conditions. We measured cognition, central blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness before, and immediately, after each condition. Results: We observed significant Time × Condition interactions in the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention (Flanker) test and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test scores, and in central systolic BP, central pulse pressure, and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (p < .05). The Flanker and DCCS scores significantly increased after walking (d = 0.4 and 0.5, respectively), but not after sitting. Central systolic BP, central pulse pressure, and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity significantly increased after sitting but remained unchanged after acute walking (d = 0.4–0.2), with p-values < .05. After walking, significant correlations were observed between DCCS and diastolic BP and central pulse pressure change scores and change scores in central pulse wave velocity, Flanker, and DCCS (rs = −0.45 to −0.52). Conclusion: These findings suggest that a single bout of cadence-controlled walking elicited an immediate improvement in cognition and might have mitigated increases in arterial stiffness and central BP observed in the seated control condition. Further research is needed to examine the association between cognition and vascular function following acute exercise compared to control conditions. Significance: Our findings may have practical implications for developing daily physical activity recommendations for improving the cognitive health for successful aging.