bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
May the best man win
Authors: Wilson Fiona 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how female bank lenders are locked into a position of disadvantage in a UK bank. The work of Bourdieu is used to explore women's position of disadvantage and inequality. As Bourdieu helps us predict, the women are symbolically constructed as different, and face different problems to men. Women's social capital is not perceived as the same as men's.Design/methodology/approach– The research method involved preliminary research interviews with seven key senior staff in the bank followed by focus group discussions with 35 male and female bank loan officers on bank premises within a nine-month period. Six focus groups were held – three with men and three with women in four British cities – London, Manchester, Bristol and Edinburgh. All the interviews were tape-recorded and analysed. The participants were told that the discussion was completely confidential, and that we were interested in the role gender played in entrepreneurial and corporate life. Findings were verified by taking them back to a selection of those who had been involved in the focus groups.Findings– The findings show how the power dynamics are played out within the immediate workplace environment and influenced by the wider macro systems of society. The women differed in their views as to whether gender mattered. Despite the evident inequities these women face, some wished to deny or resist being seen as unequal or wanted to acknowledge inequity. The paper explains how and why this might be the case.Research limitations/implications– The research is limited by its sample size to 35 bank loan officers.Practical implications– The paper demonstrates some of the difficulties faced by those who wish to implement equality of opportunity in the face of women's denial of inequality.Social implications– The paper clearly illustrates the difficulties and challenges faced by female bank loan officers in banking.Originality/value– This paper discusses the subjective experience of equality, inequality and exclusion among female bankers showing how they are not a homogenous group, as they say they experience equality/inequality differently. These women face ideological dilemmas that are not widely discussed in the research literature. It is very unlikely that as a divided, heterogeneous group who find themselves in a very small minority in this bank, that greater equality for them is likely to come about.
The professional doctorate by Public Works
Authors: Jagiello Jolanta 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Professional Doctorate by Public Works (DProf by Public Works) one of the newer Doctorates by Professional Studies from the Institute of Work Based Learning in Middlesex University.

Design/methodology/approach
– The DProf by Public Works is based on 75 per cent practice that has already taken place, and the 25 per cent Contextual Statement is a reflection on this practice encapsulated in no more than six Public Works, which places the researcher at the centre of the enquiry.

Findings
– This paper focuses on a particular DProf by Public Works entitled “An entrepreneurial curatorial strategy for public spaces” and outlines how it was achieved by detailing the inter-professional and trans-disciplinary approach taken. The process undertaken to produce a self-reflexive and self-positioning statement reflecting on over ten years of independent curatorial practice of public art exhibitions is examined.

Originality/value
– The Public Works and its supporting Contextual Statement make up the DProf by Public Works. These can be published works in the traditional sense or other embodied expressions of knowledge and practice such as collections of artifacts, videos, photographic records, musical scores, artworks, and exhibitions. This paper explores how individual critiquing at the highest level of enquiry in the Contextual Statement can transform research into future real-world strategic directions that influence thinking, action, and practice in the public domain.
Developing the researching professional
Authors: Orlans Vanja 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an overview and analysis of a professional doctorate that was designed specifically for the training of psychologists in the fields of counselling psychology and psychotherapy, namely, the Doctorate in Counselling Psychology and Psychotherapy by Professional Studies (DCPsych).Design/methodology/approach– This programme has needed to combine the demands of different professional bodies for the development of a range of clinical competencies with the doctoral level demands of the university and of the UK Quality Assurance Agency in terms of adherence to a required set of doctoral level descriptors.Findings– The paper presents a critical review of a number of key areas that have needed to be addressed in both the design and delivery of this programme. It addresses in some detail the interface between clinical training and research activities, demonstrating how these can intertwine and mutually complement each other. Specific issues that are addressed in the paper include the articulation of relevant doctoral level descriptors, the teasing out of key areas that define doctoral level work and the complexities of putting some of these into practice within the DCPsych programme.Originality/value– In particular, the paper reflects on the issue of critical capability at doctoral level, the challenge of making a significant contribution to the practice field and the implications for candidates of journeying towards a position of authority as they develop their doctoral work. The paper concludes with the suggestion that what has been developed is an extremely interesting and innovative programme that is not for the faint hearted.
MBA program enrolment as a catalyst for boundaryless career goals (part one)
Authors: Muja Naser , H. Appelbaum Steven 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Further investigation of the thoughts and attitudes contributing to the voluntary pursuit of an MBA degree and career change is necessary to better understand career motivations and to satisfy career goals. This two-part article attempts to achieve this objective.

Design/methodology/approach
– Factors contributing to the cognitive decision to enrol in an MBA program and the subsequent impact of self-discovery gained on program entry on career strategy were explored using a 32-question survey based on empirical research findings.

Findings
– Part-time and full-time MBA students exhibited differences in decision criteria applied for MBA program entry. Following program enrolment, opportunities for career growth led to upward goal revision and increasingly focused goals.

Research limitations/implications
– Participation was potentially limited by survey distribution during a demanding academic period where many project reports and group presentations were due. A single MBA program in the downtown Montreal area may not be representative of all programs in the population.

Practical implications
– Anchoring individual career identity and social identity has become increasingly complex as employers in many industries undergo continuous transformational change.

Social implications
– Integration within the work environment of identified career roles requires additional attention to validate an individual's strategic career efforts.

Originality/value
– Surveying MBA candidates about career decisions and goal-revision allows for a valuable “snapshot” of career evolution over time. By promoting increased self-awareness, applied knowledge gained through MBA program activities acts as a catalyst for self-efficacy beliefs which results in upward distal goal-revision or increased goal focus.
Transformational leadership – an academic case study
Authors: Rao M.S. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose is to present a case study on transformational leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
– It adopts the 4 I's of Bernard M. Bass, the leadership researcher – individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence.

Findings
– It emphasizes that leaders have to act according to the situation, with more emphasis on transformational leadership, for motivating their people and institutions to achieve their goals and objectives.

Practical implications
– It stresses the importance of accepting feedback and making bold decisions, to ensure the longevity of an academic institution and achieve academic excellence.

Social implications
– It provides an example of a passionate academic leader who leads from the front through his visionary leadership.

Originality/value
– It describes how to turn around an educational institution through academic leadership.
Distributed expertise and instructions
Authors: Valsecchi Irene 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The idea of Simon according to which instructions are premises for further decisions is formalized with respect to informationally decentralized organizations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is built on the economic theory of teams by Marschak and Radner. Team theory is particularly suited to the analysis of informationally decentralized systems. Teams are composed of agents who strive for a common aim, but are informed of different parameters that characterize the state of nature. In particular, the members want to maximize the team payoff function that depends on both the actions of the members and the state of nature.

Findings
– For teams à la Marshack-Radner, since every member needs to compute optimal action rules, the paper shows that two types of expertise are required: forecasting expertise (as competence over the randomness of the parameters that affect the team payoff function) and organizational expertise (as comprehension of the relevant characteristics of the other members). When the members are supposed to have complete expertise, the only role of orders is the communication of information about the state of nature. Instead, when instructions report actions under the control of the senders, the team population can be classified into ranks, each one having a particular computational problem to solve. The paper analyzes the conditions under which instructions can correspond to different and ordered degree of intelligibility of the team operations. Through instructions non-decodable information is built directly into the decision rules chosen by the receivers, and instructions can realize economies in the use of expertise.

Originality/value
– Instructions are formally shown to play a crucial role when expertise is differently distributed across agents.
IT project risk assessment of learning organizations by fuzzy set and systems
Authors: Taylan Osman 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– IT projects carry high risk of failure due to the existence of great obstacles during the planning, application and development phase. The projects' risks are multi-dimensional, and they must be assessed by multi-attribute decision-making methods. The purpose of this article is to provide analytic tools to evaluate the learning organization's IT project risks under incomplete and vague information. It was also aimed to place the risk in a proper category and predict the level of it in advance to develop strategies to counteract the high-risk factors.Design/methodology/approach– In this study, three mutual approaches were used to analyze the organizations IT applications. These are enterprise analysis for determination of information requirements of organization, payback method for IT project financial analysis and risk assessment using fuzzy sets and systems. The developed fuzzy model is an expert system which can predict the category of risk for IT projects in learning organizations.Findings– This study revealed that the greatest obstacles to IT project success were the lack of organizational learning, resistance to change, etc. User involvement limitation was found to be also one of the common reasons of IT project failure. The information sharing policy was determined to increase productivity of employees in offices and to decide the creators and the users of knowledge. Learning is a continuous process for organizational transformation. Individual and organizational learning were searched to minimize the level of risks factors and learning culture. IT project risks were categorized properly using fuzzy sets and systems to reduce or even eliminate high risks.Originality/value– The paper is original and gives the first such work for industry.
Pilot study on university English teachers' professional autonomy in France
Authors: Yassine-Diab Nadia , Monnier Nolwena , Lavinal Françoise 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims at understanding teachers' (the authors refer to “teachers” in higher education as lecturers or senior lecturers) professional autonomy in the context of the current university English teachers in France.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors present here the preliminary results of the test-questionnaire the authors have made to gather main tendencies on the topic (the results were presented orally at the SAES national conference held in Paris from 20 to 22 May 2011, http://saes.univ-paris3.fr). This paper is organized in three different themes that correspond to the three main parts of the test-questionnaire.

Findings
– The authors first show that the current degree of professional autonomy is both satisfying and an essential factor of self-development. The data underline the fact that teachers' professional autonomy is indeed a very important aspect of teaching as a job within the organizational university context. Then, the authors distinguish individualism from autonomy; stressing the fact that team-work does not entail less professional autonomy, contrary to what people may often think. Finally, most colleagues who participated in this first study have expressed concern that organizational constraints, such as the size of the groups, the obligation to conform to an overly constraining curriculum, the obligation to reach some success quotas or employment quotas, etc. could reduce or even threaten their professional autonomy and self-development.

Originality/value
– Many books have been written on learners' autonomy and teachers' role on this aspect. Teachers' professional autonomy at university level on the other hand is a much less studied topic. Often taken for granted, this autonomy now appears to be questioned because of the implementation of new organizational systems.
Corporate PR in a post-Citizens United world
Authors: Myers Cayce , Lariscy Ruthann 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical evolution of campaign finance laws and suggest the legal implications for public relations practitioners after the US Supreme Court's decision inCitizens United v. FEC.Design/methodology/approach– The approach of this paper examines appellate case law and federal statutes to provide a legal analysis of the history of campaign finance laws and potential impact on public relations practitioners.Findings– This research provides an overview of the evolution of campaign finance case law and federal statues in the USA and provides analysis of how the 2010Citizens Unitedcase and a recent 2012 case, American Trade Partnership, are altering both the political and corporate landscapes. By allowing far greater contribution rights to corporations than any time since 1907,Citizens Unitedis changing the role corporations may directly play in elections at all levels. Implications for how these changes may affect corporate public relations practitioners both professionally and ethically are discussed.Practical implications– In a post-Citizens Unitedera, corporate PR may now legally be engaged with many forms of highly political communications. Corporate PR may have a more political tone and ethical dilemmas may face practitioners who may be legally asked to perform communications tactics that are at odds with their political values.Originality/value– Despite the academic analysis ofCitizens Unitedno study has evaluated the effectCitizens Unitedand campaign finance laws on public relations practice.
Investor relations measurement: an industry survey
Authors: W. Ragas Matthew , V. Laskin Alexander , Brusch Matthew 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Publicly-held companies collectively allocate tens of millions of dollars each year to investor relations, yet little research has been conducted into how investor relations officers (IROs) try to determine the effectiveness of this investment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This exploratory study is based on a survey (n=384) of IROs who are members of the National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI), the world's largest professional investor relations association.

Findings
– Respondents strongly rebuked using share price as a valid measure of investor relations performance. A factor analysis revealed that IROs use four factors to measure program success (listed in order of stated importance): first, international C-suite assessment; second, relationship assessment; third, outreach assessment; and fourth, external assessment. IROs at large-cap companies place significantly more importance on both C-suite assessment and relationship assessment than their peers at small-caps.

Research limitations/implications
– These results may not be generalizable to IROs who are non-NIRI members or investor relations consultants. Cross-cultural studies on this topic are needed.

Practical implications
– The evaluative factors that emerged in this study may be used by IROs to develop and refine their evaluation metrics relative to their peers.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first and largest studies to specifically examine program measurement and evaluation in the context of investor relations. These findings help set the stage for future work in this area.
Communicating social media policies: evaluation of current practices
Authors: Fuduric Morana , Mandelli Andreina 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The main purpose of this paper is to explore the main characteristics of corporate social media guidelines (SMG) and determine whether companies communicate these guidelines effectively to employees.

Design/methodology/approach
– An analysis of corporate SMG is conducted using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) formerly used to assess business and ethical codes. The sample is comprised of 20 multinational companies that publish their SMG online.

Findings
– The results indicate the majority of the guidelines received average scores across the CVF framework, which implies the guidelines barely manage to stimulate change, direct action, provide facts or emphasize the importance of building trust.

Research limitations/implications
– A possible limitation of the research could be the issue of interpretability of the features of the framework. Hence, the quality of the research depends on the quality of the training raters receive prior to the guideline rating process. Additionally, the researchers were limited with the guideline availability and could analyze only the guidelines available online. This analysis can be broadened by identifying factors that may influence the characteristics of the guidelines (e.g. corporate culture or industry).

Practical implications
– Managers can use this framework to analyze their companies’ guidelines to reveal the gaps, point to opportunities for improvement or take the findings into account when developing new guidelines.

Originality/value
– The first paper that analyzes corporate SMG and their respective characteristics.
Virtue ethics, CSR and “corporate citizenship”
Authors: Mackey Steve 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to critiques corporate public relations from the perspective of philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre.Design/methodology/approach– It uses an essay format.Findings– The essay is critical of proposed “communitarian-style” initiatives to take advantage of what are referred to by some public relations theorists as “consumer communities”.Social implications– The essay details a more appropriate ethical approach to public relations by corporations.Originality/value– This is the most extensive application of MacIntyre's ideas to public relations.
A response to Kreiger and Zhovtobryukh
Authors: L. Delbecq Andre 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief response to Mark Kriger, Yuriy Zhovtobryukh, (2013) “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper provides a response to a previously published paper “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432 and illustrates the implications for leadership evolution in North American health organizations.

Findings
– In Mark Kriger, Yuriy Zhovtobryukh, (2013) “Rethinking strategic leadership: stars, clans, teams and networks”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 411-432 the authors provide a theoretical model of contemporary leadership suggesting an evolution from “Single Actor Leadership” toward “Dynamic Leadership Networks.” This response to the paper illustrates how their conceptualization serves as a rich observational prism for understanding leadership evolution within North American healthcare organizations.Summative echoes are also observed in an international survey of leaders reported by the IBM foundation. These deductive and illustrative observations reinforce the salience of Kreiger and Zhovtobryukh model's as a timely conceptual lens for scholarly efforts seeking to explore contemporary leadership.

Originality/value
– Highlights how the aforementioned paper provides a conceptual lens through which to explore contemporary leadership in a scholarly context.