bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quest for Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Battery Electrolytes: An Operando Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Hannauer Julien , Scheers Johan , Fullenwarth Julien , Fraisse Bernard , Stievano Lorenzo , Johansson Patrik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConfocal Raman spectra of a lithium–sulfur battery electrolyte are recorded operando in a depth‐of‐discharge resolved manner for an electrochemical cell with a realistic electrolyte/sulfur loading ratio. The evolution of various possible polysulfides is unambiguously identified by combining Raman spectroscopy data with DFT simulations.
Molecular characterization of HCMV‐specific immune responses: Parallels between CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells
Authors: Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Hertoghs Kirsten M. L. , van Lier René A.W. , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. 
Published: July 2015

CD8+ T cells are important for immunity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The HCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response is characterized by the accumulation of terminally differentiated effector cells that have downregulated the costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28. These HCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells maintain high levels of cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B and rapidly produce the inflammatory cytokine IFN‐γ upon activation. Remarkably, HCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells are able to persist long term as fully functional effector cells, suggesting a unique differentiation pathway that is distinct from the formation of memory CD8+ T cells after infection with acute viruses. In this review, we aim to highlight the most recent developments in HCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell differentiation, maintenance, tissue distribution, metabolism and function. HCMV also induces the differentiation of effector CD4+ T cells and NK cells, which share characteristics with HCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells. We propose that the overlap in differentiation of NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after HCMV infection may be regulated by a shared transcriptional machinery. A better understanding of the molecular framework of HCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses may benefit vaccine design, as these cells uniquely combine the capacity to rapidly respond to infection with long‐term survival.
Photoinduced DNA Crosslink Formation by Dichloridooxidovanadium(IV) Complexes of Polypyridyl Bases
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Dixit Akanksha , Kumar Arun , Mukherjee Sanjoy , Karande Anjali A. , Chakravarty Akhil R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOxidovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(pyphen)Cl2] (1) and [VO(pydppz)Cl2] (2), where pyphen is 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline and pydppz is 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine, show remarkable photoinduced DNA crosslinking ability and photocytotoxicity. The complexes are non‐electrolytes in DMF, 1:1 electrolytes in 20 % aqueous DMF, and 1:2 electrolytes in 20 % aqueous DMF upon photoirradiation with visible light of 400–700 nm. The paramagnetic complexes, which have one unpaired electron, show a d–d band near 780 nm in aqueous DMF. The IR data suggest a V=O moiety trans to a V–N bond. Complex [VO(pydppz)Cl2] (2), as a novel photoinducible nuclear ds‐DNA crosslinking agent, shows visible‐light‐induced cytotoxicity in HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cells by an apoptotic pathway, giving IC50 values of 0.87 ± 0.07 and 1.4 ± 0.2 μM, respectively, while being essentially nontoxic (IC50 > 40 μM) in the dark and less toxic in normal MCF‐10A cells.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Dipeptide Ureas
Authors: Fayad Antoine Abou , Pubill‐Ulldemolins Cristina , Sharma Sunil V. , Day David , Goss Rebecca J. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe describe a flexible and high yielding synthesis of 1,3‐disubstituted ureas that allows for the construction of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical dipeptide ureas, including easy access to 13C‐labelled ureas, from amino acids and carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure.
Prolinamide‐Derived Ionic‐Liquid‐Supported Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Mono‐ and Bis‐Aldol Reactions in the Presence of Water
Authors: Kucherenko Aleksander S. , Gerasimchuk Vasiliy V. , Lisnyak Vladislav G. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel recyclable prolinamide‐derived ionic‐liquid‐supported organocatalyst of asymmetric cross‐aldol reactions in aqueous medium has been developed. In its presence, aromatic aldehydes react with cyclic or linear ketones to afford chiral aldol adducts in moderate to high yields and with excellent dr (anti/syn up to 96:4) and ee (81–99 %) values that do not tend to decline over ten recycles of the catalyst. Furthermore, it allows a highly enantioselective catalytic synthesis of linear bis‐aldols in aqueous medium.
Determination of vitamins, minerals, and microbial loads of fortified nonalcoholic beverage (kunun zaki) produced from millet
Authors: Olaoye Olusegun A. , Ubbor Stella C. , Uduma Ebere A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of fortifying kunun zaki with tigernut milk extract due to nutritional deficiency of the former. Kunun zaki and tigernut milk extract (TME) were produced using traditional methods, with little modification. They were mixed in respective percentages of 90:10 (KN10), 80:20 (KN20), and 70:30 (KN30) while whole kunun zaki without addition of tigernut milk extract (KN00) served as control. The resulting kunun zaki samples were analyzed for proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, microbial loads, and sensory evaluation. Results showed improvement in thiamine and riboflavin contents of the fortified samples over the unfortified counterparts, with the KN30 sample having highest values of 1.05 and 0.56 mg/kg thiamine and riboflavin, respectively. Minerals were higher in the samples containing TME than their KN00 counterparts; the KN30 sample had highest values of 23.5, 8.8, 148.9, 63.7, 6.7, and 18.6 mg/100 mL for respective Na, Ca, K, Mg, P, and Fe while lowest values were recorded for the KN00 sample. Microbial analysis indicated that total viable bacteria and yeast and molds were in the range 2.2–2.6 and 2.1–2.7 log CFU/g, respectively, while there was no detection of coliforms and Staphylococcus in the samples. The sensory evaluation of the kunun zaki samples indicated that higher mean scores were recorded for samples containing TME than those without it in most of the attributes tested. The KN30 sample was most preferred, having highest mean scores of 7.2, 7.8, 6.9, and 7.4 in the attributes of appearance, flavor, taste, and acceptability, respectively. The study concluded that inclusion of tigernut extract in kunun zaki resulted in improved nutritional and sensory qualities.
The nephridial hypothesis of the gill slit origin
Authors: Ezhova Olga V. , Malakhov Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMetameric gill slits are mysterious structures, unique for Chordata and Hemichordata, and also, perhaps, for the extinct Cambrian Calcichordata. There is a discussed hypothesis of the gill slits origin from the metameric nephridia. According to the hypothesis, the hypothetical metameric deuterostome ancestor had in each segment a pair of coelomoducts and a pair of intestinal pockets. In the anterior segments, the coelomoducts have fused with the intestinal pockets. As a result, each nephridium opened both into the gut and into the environment. Then the dissepiments and funnels reduced in all segments except the collar one. Thus, in recent enteropneusts, only the first pair of gill slits keeps the ancestral arrangement communicating at the same time with the gut, with the environment, and with the coelom of the preceding (collar) segment. In the anterior part of the branchio‐genital trunk region of enteropneusts, the metameric intestinal pockets remained, as well as the metameric coelomoducts functioning as the ducts of the metameric gonads, i.e., as the gonoducts. The consequence of the hypothesis is that the metameric gill pores originate from the metameric excreting pores, and the metameric branchial sacs originate from the metameric endodermal pockets of the gut fused with the coelomoducts. The metameric gill slits by themselves correspond with metameric openings connecting the gut with metameric intestinal pockets. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 647–652, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DAG‐Width and Circumference of Digraphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Larsen Tilde My 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe prove that every digraph of circumference l has DAG‐width at most l. This is best possible and solves a recent conjecture from S. Kintali (ArXiv:1401.2662v1 [math.CO], January 2014).1 As a consequence of this result we deduce that the k‐linkage problem is polynomially solvable for every fixed k in the class of digraphs with bounded circumference. This answers a question posed in J. Bang‐Jensen, F. Havet, and A. K. Maia (Theor Comput Sci 562 (2014), 283–303). We also prove that the weak k‐linkage problem (where we ask for arc‐disjoint paths) is polynomially solvable for every fixed k in the class of digraphs with circumference 2 as well as for digraphs with a bounded number of disjoint cycles each of length at least 3. The case of bounded circumference digraphs is still open. Finally, we prove that the minimum spanning strong subdigraph problem is NP‐hard on digraphs of DAG‐width at most 5.
Pulmonary high‐resolution ultrashort TE MR imaging: Comparison with thin‐section standard‐ and low‐dose computed tomography for the assessment of pulmonary parenchyma diseases
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Koyama Hisanobu , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Seki Shinichiro , Takenaka Daisuke , Yui Masao , Lu Aiming , Miyazaki Mitsue , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo determine the accuracy of pulmonary MR imaging with ultrashort echo time (UTE) for lung and mediastinum assessments using computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard, for various pulmonary parenchyma diseases.MethodsEight‐five consecutive patients (46 males: mean age, 69 years and 39 females: mean age, 69 years) with various pulmonary parenchyma diseases were examined with chest standard‐ and low‐dose CTs and pulmonary MR imaging with UTE. This was followed by visual assessment using a 5‐point system of the presence of nodules or masses, ground‐glass opacity, micronodules, nodules, patchy shadow or consolidation, emphysema or bullae, bronchiectasis, reticular opacity, and honeycomb and traction bronchiectasis. Presence of aneurysms, pleural or pericardial effusions, pleural thickening or tumor, and lymph adenopathy was also evaluated using a 5‐point system. To compare the capability of the methods for lung parenchyma and mediastinum evaluation, intermethod agreement was evaluated by means of kappa statistics and χ2 test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to compare diagnostic performance of all methods.ResultsIntermethod agreements between pulmonary MR imaging and standard‐dose and low‐dose CT were significant and either substantial or almost perfect (0.67 ≤ κ ≤ 0.98; P < 0.0001). Areas under the curve for emphysema or bullae, bronchiectasis or traction bronchiectasis and reticular opacity on standard‐dose CT were significantly larger than those on low‐dose CT (emphysema or bullae: P = 0.0002; reticular opacity: P < 0.0001) and pulmonary MR imaging (emphysema or bullae: P < 0.0001; bronchiectasis: P = 0.008; reticular opacity: P < 0.0001).ConclusionPulmonary MR imaging with UTE is useful for lung and mediastinum assessment and evaluation of radiological findings for patients with various pulmonary parenchyma diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:512–532.
Zinc uptake and distribution in tomato plants in response to foliar supply of Zn hydroxide‐nitrate nanocrystal suspension with controlled Zn solubility
Authors: Du Yumei , Li Peng , Nguyen Anh V , Xu Zhi Ping , Mulligan David , Huang Longbin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present study investigated the foliar uptake rate, distribution, and retranslocation patterns of novel, synthesized zinc hydroxide‐nitrate nanocrystals (ZnHN; solubility 30–50 mg Zn L−1) applied on to the adaxial surface of tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Roma). The total Zn absorption from ZnHN suspension positively increased with ZnHN application rates, but the relative efficacy started to decline at > 400 mg Zn L−1. Within the 3 weeks, total Zn recovery in the ZnHN‐treated plants was 16% of the total ZnHN‐Zn applied, compared to the near 90% total Zn recovery in the Zn(NO3)2‐plants at the same Zn rate. Foliar‐absorbed ZnHN‐Zn was distributed from the treated leaves into other plant parts and preferentially translocated into the roots. Distribution of Zn from ZnHN‐treated leaves to apical parts was not limited by Zn deficiency. These results demonstrate that ZnHN crystals with controlled solubility provided some sort of slow‐release Zn over a certain growth period at a rate slower (but quantitatively effective) than the soluble Zn(NO3)2. The efficacy of the prolonged foliar Zn supply could be enhanced if the ZnHN suspension is sprayed over a large leaf surface area at the peak vegetative or early flowering stage.
Diurnal patterns of methane emissions from paddy rice fields in the Philippines
Authors: Weller Sebastian , Kraus David , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Wassmann Reiner , Tirol‐Padre Agnes , Kiese Ralf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from rice paddies often show significant diurnal variations, most likely driven by diurnal changes of radiation and temperature in air, floodwater, and soil. Field measurements, however, are often scheduled at a fixed time of a given measuring day, thereby neglecting sub‐daily variations of CH4 emissions. Here we evaluated diurnal patterns of CH4 emissions from traditional paddy rice production as observed during field measurements in the Philippines. Field emissions were measured during three consecutive cropping seasons using an automated chamber and gas sampling system with fluxes being obtained every 4 h. Methane fluxes were monitored with a total of nine chambers during the dry seasons in 2012 and 2013 and 27 chambers during the wet season in 2012. Significant and consistent diurnal patterns of CH4 emissions were mainly observed from the start of field flooding until the middle of cropping periods, i.e., periods with low leaf area of the rice crop. Our data show that disregarding the diurnal variability of fluxes results in an average overestimation of seasonal CH4 emissions of 22% (16–31%) if measurements were conducted only around noon. Scheduling manual sampling either at early morning (7:00–9:00) or evening (17:00–19:00) results in estimations of seasonal emissions within 94–101% of the “true” value as calculated from multiple daily flux measurements. Alternatively, uncertainties of seasonal emissions can be reduced to an average of ≤3% by applying sinus function or Gauss function‐based correction factors. Application of correction factors allows the performance of flux measurements at any time of day. We also investigated N2O emissions from rice paddies with respect to diurnal variations, but did not find, as in the case of CH4, any significant and persistent diurnal pattern.
Results of pediatric tympanoplasty on short‐term surgical missions
Authors: Isaacson Glenn , Melaku Abebe 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the safety and effectiveness of pediatric tympanoplasty performed on short‐term international medical missions.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsEthiopian children who had dry or nearly dry tympanic perforations and bilateral conductive hearing losses underwent postauricular tympanoplasties with underlain temporalis fascia grafts. Pre‐ and postoperative air and bone audiometry was performed. Complications, graft success, hearing improvement, and dry ear at 6‐month follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsPatients were 7 to 25 years old (24 female ears, 20 male ears). The majority had subtotal perforations. Operative findings included ossicular erosions and fixation by hypertrophic mucosa. There were no major medical complications or deaths in this series.Of 44 ears, 27 had complete pre‐ and postoperative audiometric data. Twenty‐four of 44 surgeries resulted in an intact tympanic membrane. Twelve of 44 markedly reduced the perforation. Eight of 44 grafts failed. The mean improvement in PTA was 14 dB (range = −6–45 dB). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients had a high rate of graft failure (3/4) and comprised 38% (3/8) of complete graft failures (P = .015). Among the 20 ears with residual perforations, 14 were dry at 6‐month follow‐up. Of the six ears with drainage, three were HIV+ (P = .019).ConclusionsPediatric tympanoplasty is a safe procedure in a short‐term surgical mission setting when high anesthetic and surgical standards are maintained. Surgical results were similar to those found in developing‐world university hospitals, but were worse than in United States or European series. HIV+ children did worse than their HIV−/unknown peers, with a high rate of graft failure and persistent otorrhea.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1464–1469, 2016
Clinical relevance of quality of life in laryngomalacia
Authors: Thottam Prasad John , Simons Jeffrey P. , Choi Sukgi , Maguire Raymond , Mehta Deepak K. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine aspects of laryngomalacia and correlate findings with quality of life (QOL).Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional study.MethodsSeventy‐two patients with laryngomalacia were examined; the mean age was 8.8 weeks. Parents answered questions from the Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire–47 (ITQOL‐SF47). Fiberoptic laryngoscopy and endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) were performed. The presence of laryngomalacia‐associated characteristics and swallowing status were recorded. Patient age, sex, presence of reflux, clinical severity, anatomical findings, and swallowing results were evaluated through logistic regression. Independent sample t tests were used to compare responses on the ITQOL‐SF47. Overall laryngomalacia ITQOL‐SF47 scores were compared to the scores of a large healthy sample population.ResultsForty‐three (60%) patients had mild laryngomalacia, and 61 (85%) patients had findings suggesting gastroesophageal reflux disease. The most common abnormality was shortened aryepiglottic folds. Ten patients failed FEES. Patients with moderate laryngomalacia (χ = 7.62; P = .006) or prolapsing cuneiforms (χ = 4.79; P = .029) were more likely to fail FEES. Laryngomalacia severity impacted parental perception of their child's health (P < .05). Parents of children who demonstrated aspiration or penetration reported significant emotional impact (mean = 56.9; t = 2.74; P = .008). The mean ITQOL‐SF47 scores of patients were significantly lower in certain sections than the reported general sample population.ConclusionsEpiglottal prolapse correlated with severity of laryngomalacia and cuneiform prolapse with swallowing dysfunction. Perceptions of worsening health and physical ability were related to severity of disease. Swallowing dysfunction had a significant emotional impact on parental daily life. Infants with laryngomalacia have a lower QOLLevel of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 126:1232–1235, 2016
Therapeutic advances in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Shannon Kathleen M. , Fraint Avram 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuntington's disease is a rare hereditary degenerative disease with a wide variety of symptoms that encompass movement, cognition, and behavior. The genetic mutation that causes the disease has been known for more than 20 y, and animal models have illuminated a host of intracellular derangements that occur downstream of protein translation. A number of clinical trials targeting these metabolic consequences have failed to produce a single effective therapy, although clinical trials continue. New strategies targeting the protein at the level of transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification and aggregation engender new hope that a successful strategy will emerge, but there is much work ahead. Some of the clinical manifestations of the illness, particularly chorea, affective symptoms, and irritability, are amenable to palliative strategies, but physicians have a poor evidence base on which to select the best agents. Clinical trials since 2013 have dashed hopes that coenzyme Q10 or creatine might have disease‐modifying properties but suggested other agents were safe or hinted at efficacy (cysteamine, selisistat, hydroxyquinoline) and could proceed into later‐stage disease modification trials. The hunt for effective symptom relief suggested that pridopidine might be shown effective given the right outcome measure. This review summarizes recent progress in HD and highlights promising new strategies for slowing disease progression and relieving suffering in HD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Time‐domain Galerkin method for dynamic load identification
Authors: Liu Jie , Meng Xianghua , Jiang Chao , Han Xu , Zhang Dequan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes a new method called time‐domain Galerkin method (TDGM) for investigating the structural dynamic load identification problems. Firstly, the shape functions are adopted to approximate three parameters, such as the dynamic load, kernel function response, and measured structural response Secondly, defining a residual function could be expressed as the difference of the measured response and the computational response. Thirdly, select an appropriate weighting function to multiply the defined residual function and make integral operation with respect to time to be zero. Finally, when the shape functions are chosen as the weighting function, it establishes the forward model called TDGM. Furthermore, the regularization method could have effectiveness in solving the ill‐posed matrix of load reconstruction and obtaining the accurate identified results of the dynamic load. Compared with the traditional Green kernel function method (GKFM), TDGM can effectively overcome the influences of noise and improve the accuracy of the dynamic load identification. Three numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness and advantages of TDGM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of side groups on the performance of infrared absorbing aza‐BODIPY organic solar cells
Authors: Kraner Stefan , Widmer Johannes , Benduhn Johannes , Hieckmann Ellen , Jägeler‐Hoheisel Till , Ullbrich Sascha , Schütze Daniel , Sebastian Radke K. , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Ortmann Frank , Lorenz‐Rothe Melanie , Meerheim Rico , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen , Koerner Christian , Leo Karl 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren Organic solar cells are a promising technology for a large area conversion of sunlight into electricity. In particular for solar cells based on oligomers (small molecules), efficient donor materials absorbing wavelengths larger than 780 nm are still rare. Here, we investigate three aza‐BODIPY dyes absorbing in the infrared. The addition of side groups leads to a red shift of the optical gap from 802 to 818 nm. In optimized devices using these donors in a bulk heterojunction with , we observe a higher charge carrier mobility and a higher power conversion efficiency for the molecules without a methyl or methoxy side group lowering the molecular reorganization energy. Surprisingly, the donor–acceptor blend with the lowest energy loss during the electron transfer to the yields the highest short circuit current. With increasing size of the attached side chain, the devices exhibit a larger trap density, measured by impedance spectroscopy. Based on the investigation of different blend ratios, we conclude that these traps are mainly present in the donor phase.