bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Performance Analysis of Eco‐Industrial Parks in China: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Liu Wei , Tian Jinping , Chen Lujun , Lu Wanying , Gao Yang 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn pursuit of more sustainable development of industry, China has been actively developing eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) for more than a decade. However, the environmental value of these EIPs remains largely unverified. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental performance of national EIPs in China using data envelopment analysis. Eco‐efficiency and environmental performance indices were used to represent the static and dynamic environmental performance of EIPs, respectively. An environmental performance index was formed by combining measures of eco‐efficiency in a dynamic setting with the sequential Malmquist index approach. We obtained three main empirical findings. First, 34 national EIPs exhibited a cumulative environmental performance improvement of 89.4% from 2007 to 2010, which is primarily the result of eco‐efficiency change rather than environmental technical change. Second, compared with the trial EIPs, the demonstration EIPs had a higher average eco‐efficiency (0.611 vs. 0.446 in 2010) and experienced greater average environmental performance improvement (129% vs. 60%). Third, the EIPs retrofitted from high‐tech industrial development zones exhibited much higher average eco‐efficiency (0.798 vs. 0.440 in 2010) than those retrofitted from economic and technical development zones. The key measures supporting the performance improvement and policy implications for the development of EIPs are also discussed.
Imaging of Primary Brain Tumors and Metastases with Fast Quantitative 3‐Dimensional Magnetization Transfer
Authors: Garcia Meritxell , Gloor Monika , Bieri Oliver , Radue Ernst‐Wilhelm , Lieb Johanna M. , Cordier Dominik , Stippich Christoph 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study assesses whether magnetization transfer (MT) imaging provides additive information to conventional MRI in brain tumors.METHODSMT data of 26 patients with neoplastic and metastatic brain tumors were analyzed at 1.5 T. For the 3 largest tumor groups investigated in this study—glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), meningiomas, and metastases—statistical comparisons were performed. Analyzed MT parameters included the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and 4 quantitative MT parameters (qMT): Relaxation times (T1, T2), exchange rate (kf), and macromolecular content (F). Total imaging time of high‐resolution whole brain MTR and qMT imaging with balanced steady‐state free precession required 9 minutes. Five ROIs were chosen: Contrast‐enhancing (T1W‐CE), noncontrast‐enhancing (T1W‐non‐CE), proximal hyperintensity (T2W‐pSI), distal hyperintensity (T2W‐dSI), and a reference (ref).RESULTSPathologies showed significant (P < .05) MT changes (MTR and qMT) compared to the reference. The T1W‐CE, T1W‐non‐CE, and T2W‐pSI ROIs of GBMs, meningiomas, and metastases showed significant differences in MTR and qMT estimates. Similar MTR with significant different qMT values were observed in several ROIs among different lesions. MT maps (MTR and qMT) indicated changes in tissue appearing unaffected on MRI in most glial tumors.CONCLUSIONSMTR and qMT imaging enables a better differentiation between brain tumors and provides additive information to MRI.
Early Blood Brain Barrier Changes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Sequential MRI Study
Authors: Giraud Marc , Cho Tae‐Hee , Nighoghossian Norbert , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine , Deiana Gianluca , Østergaard Leif , Baron Jean‐Claude , Fiehler Jens , Pedraza Salvador , Derex Laurent , Berthezène Yves 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe sought to identify MRI factors associated with BBB changes at the acute stage of ischemic stroke.METHODSWe analyzed BBB changes on admission and within 3 hours after the first scan. BBB changes was defined as the presence of leptomeningeal and parenchymal contrast enhancement on T1‐weighted imaging. Tmax, CBV, and DWI lesion volume were assessed on baseline MRI. Clinical and MRI factors associated with BBB changes were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions analyses.RESULTSForty‐four patients were included. BBB changes on baseline MRI was observed in 2 of 44 patients (3%). BBB disruption on H3‐MRI was present in 19 of 44 patients (43%). Hemodynamic status and baseline ischemic core size were not different between patients with or without BBB changes. BBB alteration on H3 MRI was strongly associated with FLAIR MRI sequence positivity, 16/19 patients (83%) P = .001.CONCLUSIONBBB changes are exceptional during the first 3 hours after stroke onset. Delayed BBB alteration was associated with FLAIR positivity mainly reflecting vasogenic edema.
Variations of ITSS‐Morphology and their Relationship to Location and Tumor Volume in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Fahrendorf Delia , Hesselmann Volker , Schwindt Wolfram , Wölfer Johannes , Jeibmann Astrid , Kooijman Hendrik , Kugel Harald , Heindel Walter , Bink Andrea 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSusceptibility weighted imaging and assessment of intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) morphology is used to identify high‐grade glioma (HGG) in patients with suspected brain neoplasm.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to outline variations in ITSS‐morphology and their relationship to location as well as volume of the lesion in patients with glioblastoma (GB).MATERIALS AND METHODSContrast‐enhanced SWI (CE‐SWI) images of 40 patients with histologically confirmed GB were analyzed retrospectively with particular attention to ITSS‐morphology dividing all lesions into two groups. Considering the location of the lesion within brain parenchyma, lesions with and without involvement of the subventricular zone (SVZ+/SVZ−) were discerned. Additionally, the contrast‐enhancing tumor volume was evaluated. Statistical analysis was based on a classification analysis resulting in a classification rule (tree) as well as Mann‐Whitney‐U test.RESULTSThe distribution of ITSS‐scores showed differences between the SVZ+ and SVZ− groups. While SVZ‐GB showed only fine‐linear or dot‐like ITSS, in SVZ+ GB the ITSS‐morphology changed with the tumor volume, that is, in larger tumors dense and conglomerated ITSS were the predominant finding.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that ITSS‐morphology is not a random phenomenon. Location of GB, as well as tumor volume, appear to be factors contributing to ITSS morphology.
The spectrum of Malassezia species isolated from students with pityriasis vesicolor in Nigeria
Authors: Ibekwe P. U. , Ogunbiyi A. O. , Besch R. , Ruzicka T. , Sárdy M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryPityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia. Initially M. furfur was suggested as its main aetiological agent; however, more recent studies suggest M. globosa as the dominant species. The possibility of a variance in predominant species based on geographical basis has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to identify the Malassezia species on affected and non‐affected skin of students with PV who reside in a tropical environment (Abuja, Nigeria) and correlate them to clinical characteristics. In this study, the literature on prevalence of Malassezia genus in PV was also reviewed. Samples were taken from 304 PV lesions and 110 normal appearing skin. Microscopy, culture and identification of Malassezia species utilising polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed. Three Malassezia species were detected in PV with the major species being M. furfur. On normal appearing skin, M. furfur (77.6%) and M. restricta (10.4%) were both detected. No case of M. globosa was identified in this study. There was no significant difference between species identified and clinical features of PV. M. furfur is probably still the most predominant species causing PV in the tropical environment.
Chemical and morphological filters in a specialized floral mimicry system
Authors: Martos Florent , Cariou Marie‐Louise , Pailler Thierry , Fournel Jacques , Bytebier Benny , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMany plant species attract insect pollinators through chemical mimicry of their oviposition sites, often detaining them in a trap chamber that ensures pollen transfer. These plant mimics are considered to be unspecialized at the pollinator species level, yet field observations of a mycoheterotrophic rainforest orchid (Gastrodia similis), which emits an odour reminiscent of rotting fruit, indicate that it is pollinated by a single drosophilid fly species (Scaptodrosophila bangi).We investigated the roles of floral volatiles and the dimensions of the trap chamber in enforcing this specialization, using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses, bioassays and scanning electron microscopy.We showed thatG. similisflowers predominantly emit three fatty‐acid esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl isobutyrate and methyl isobutyrate) that were shown in experiments to attract onlyScaptodrosophilaflies. We additionally showed that the trap chamber, which flies enter into via a touch‐sensitive ‘trapdoor’, closely matches the body size of the pollinator speciesS. bangiand plays a key role in pollen transfer.Our study demonstrates that specialization in oviposition site mimicry is due primarily to volatile chemistry and is reflected in the dimensions of the trapping apparatus. It also indicates that mycoheterotrophic plants can be specialized both on mycorrhizal fungi and insect pollinators.
A functional XopAG homologue in Xanthomonas fuscans pv. aurantifolii strain C limits host range
Authors: Gochez A. M. , Minsavage G. V. , Potnis N. , Canteros B. I. , Stall R. E. , Jones J. B. 
Published: February 2015

Citrus canker is caused by two Xanthomonas species, Xanthomonas citri, which has become the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs (type A citrus canker, Xc‐A), and X. fuscans pv. aurantifolii (Xfa), which consists of strains B and C. The B strain is less pathogenic than the A strain, but produces symptoms in all citrus species. The C‐type cankers only infect Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and produce a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) leaves. An avirulence gene, avrGf2, was identified in a C strain that was responsible for the HR in grapefruit. AvrGf2 is a member of XopAG effector family and shares 45% identity at amino acid level with another member of the same family, AvrGf1 from strain Xc‐Aw, which was previously shown to elicit an HR in grapefruit. AvrGf2 shares sequence identity with other XopAG effectors present in Xanthomonas vasculorum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Mutagenesis of avrGf2 in C strain resulted in a compatible reaction in grapefruit. There was no observable effect on virulence when Xc‐A transconjugants containing either avirulence gene were inoculated on Key lime. Expression of avrGf1 or avrGf2 in Xc‐A resulted in a similar phenotype following infiltration into grapefruit leaves, although the avrGf2 transconjugant elicited a faster HR and lower populations than the transconjugant containing avrGf1. Also, it was shown that all Xfa‐B strains tested contain a transposon in avrGf2 that helps to explain the differences in host range between B and C strains.
What Actually Matters? Understanding Attitudes toward Immigration in Switzerland
Authors: Ackermann Maya , Freitag Markus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOn 9 February 2014, the Swiss people accepted the popular initiative “against mass immigration” launched by the national‐conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP). This voting outcome has triggered wide‐ranging debates about both the policy on immigrants as well as the future of Switzerland within the European context. Against this background, we evaluate attitudes toward immigration in Switzerland. Using hitherto unexplored survey data of MOSAiCH, our empirical analyses show that already in the year 2013, before the debate about the initiative on mass immigration was in full swing, roughly 53 percent of the 1011 interviewed Swiss citizens stated that immigration should be reduced. Moreover, our estimations indicate that the threats and fears induced by immigration and the will to maintain sovereignty and autonomy are particularly relevant for attitudes toward immigration. By contrast, education and national or personal economic conditions are only weakly related to the immigration issue.
A case of successful renal transplantation for hydatid disease after surgical treatment of disseminated cysts
Authors: Özdemir M. , Ringe K.I. , Schrem H. , Kleine M. , Meyer zu Vilsendorf A. , Klempnauer J. , Lehner F. , Jäger M. , Bektas H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHydatid disease is a systemic disorder affecting especially the liver and lungs. Although it is not endemic in Europe, it can be seen sporadically, particularly because of travel and immigration. Severe, multiple organ involvement is quite rare. A 39‐year‐old Kurdish male patient presented with the previous diagnosis of hydatid disease and disseminated cysts in the liver, lung, and left kidney, leading to renal failure and the need for hemodialysis. Following multiple operations, complete eradication of infectious cysts was achieved, and kidney transplantation was performed. After 4 years of follow‐up, the patient is in good condition, especially with normal renal function and no sign of recurrent hydatid disease.
Contemporary and emerging strategies for eliminating human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: review
Authors: Steinmann Peter , Stone Christopher M. , Sutherland C. Simone , Tanner Marcel , Tediosi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo review current and emerging tools for Gambiense HAT control and elimination, and propose strategies that integrate these tools with epidemiological evidence.MethodsWe reviewed the scientific literature to identify contemporary and emerging tools and strategies for controlling and eliminating Gambiense HAT. Through an iterative process involving key stakeholders, we then developed comprehensive scenarios leading to elimination, considering both established and new tools for diagnosis, case treatment and vector control.ResultsCore components of all scenarios include detecting and treating cases with established or emerging techniques. Relatively more intensive scenarios incorporate vector control. New tools considered include tiny targets for tsetse fly control, use of rapid diagnostic tests and oral treatment with fexinidazole or oxaboroles. Scenarios consider the time when critical new tools are expected to become ready for deployment by national control programmes. Based on a review of the latest epidemiological data, we estimate the various interventions to cover 1380 600 km2 and 56 986 000 people.ConclusionsA number of new tools will fill critical gaps in the current armamentarium for diagnosing and treating Gambiense HAT. Deploying these tools in endemic areas will facilitate the comprehensive and sustainable control of the disease considerably and contribute to the ultimate goal of elimination.
The diversion of 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclodiphosphate from the 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐phosphate pathway to hemiterpene glycosides mediates stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: González‐Cabanelas Diego , Wright Louwrance P. , Paetz Christian , Onkokesung Nawaporn , Gershenzon Jonathan , Rodríguez‐Concepción Manuel , Phillips Michael A. 
Published: February 2015

Summary2‐C‐Methyl‐d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclodiphosphate (MEcDP) is an intermediate of the plastid‐localized 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway which supplies isoprenoid precursors for photosynthetic pigments, redox co‐factor side chains, plant volatiles, and phytohormones. The Arabidopsis hds‐3 mutant, defective in the 1‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐(E)‐butenyl‐4‐diphosphate synthase step of the MEP pathway, accumulates its substrate MEcDP as well as the free tetraol 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol (ME) and glucosylated ME metabolites, a metabolic diversion also occurring in wild type plants. MEcDP dephosphorylation to the free tetraol precedes glucosylation, a process which likely takes place in the cytosol. Other MEP pathway intermediates were not affected in hds‐3. Isotopic labeling, dark treatment, and inhibitor studies indicate that a second pool of MEcDP metabolically isolated from the main pathway is the source of a signal which activates salicylic acid induced defense responses before its conversion to hemiterpene glycosides. The hds‐3 mutant also showed enhanced resistance to the phloem‐feeding aphid Brevicoryne brassicae due to its constitutively activated defense response. However, this MEcDP‐mediated defense response is developmentally dependent and is repressed in emerging seedlings. MEcDP and ME exogenously applied to adult leaves mimics many of the gene induction effects seen in the hds‐3 mutant. In conclusion, we have identified a metabolic shunt from the central MEP pathway that diverts MEcDP to hemiterpene glycosides via ME, a process linked to balancing plant responses to biotic stress.
Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ge Xiao‐Min , Cai Hong‐Li , Lei Xue , Zhou Xue , Yue Ming , He Jun‐Min 
Published: February 2015

SummaryHeterotrimeric G proteins function as key players in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in plant cells, but whether G proteins mediate ethylene‐induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure are not clear. Here, evidences are provided to show the Gα subunit GPA1 as a missing link between ethylene and H2O2 in guard cell ethylene signalling. In wild‐type leaves, ethylene‐triggered H2O2 synthesis and stomatal closure were dependent on activation of Gα. GPA1 mutants showed the defect of ethylene‐induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure, whereas wGα and cGα overexpression lines showed faster stomatal closure and H2O2 production in response to ethylene. Ethylene‐triggered H2O2 generation and stomatal closure were impaired in RAN1, ETR1, ERS1 and EIN4 mutants but not impaired in ETR2 and ERS2 mutants. Gα activator and H2O2 rescued the defect of RAN1 and EIN4 mutants or etr1‐3 in ethylene‐induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure, but only rescued the defect of ERS1 mutants or etr1‐1 and etr1‐9 in ethylene‐induced H2O2 production. Stomata of CTR1 mutants showed constitutive H2O2 production and stomatal closure, but which could be abolished by Gα inhibitor. Stomata of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2 mutants did not close in responses to ethylene, Gα activator or H2O2, but do generate H2O2 following challenge of ethylene or Gα activator. The data indicate that Gα mediates ethylene‐induced stomatal closure via H2O2 production, and acts downstream of RAN1, ETR1, ERS1, EIN4 and CTR1 and upstream of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2. The data also show that ETR1 and ERS1 mediate both ethylene and H2O2 signalling in guard cells.
A socially realistic view of world Englishes: Reflections on gendered discourse
Authors: VALENTINE TAMARA 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe work of Braj Kachru and Yamuna Kachru has inspired generations of scholars to take a socially realistic view of the global spread of English. It is the work of Yamuna Kachru, however, who argues that taking an integrative sociocultural approach to the study of world Englishes to examine linguistic interaction expresses not only the bilingual's creativity but also provides valuable methodological and theoretical insights into the discoursal structure in world Englishes. Adopting the sociocultural linguistic approach, this paper examines how speakers construct gender in Indian English discourse. Using examples from naturally occurring spoken conversations, this paper shows that the interplay between language and identity is rooted in the cultural beliefs and values of speakers. The socially realistic approach contextualizes the culture of language to explain language variation in the Outer Circle.
Improving Secondary Prevention Screening in Clinical Encounters Using mHealth Among Prelicensure Master's Entry Clinical Nursing Students
Authors: FitzGerald Leah Z. , Rorie Anne , Salem Benissa E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAimsTo determine the feasibility and acceptability of a mHealth application among nursing students for health promotion and secondary prevention health recommendations for hospitalized adult patients.MethodsA pretest–posttest design with a convenience sample of 169 prelicensure master's entry clinical nursing students in a large urban public university. Survey questions assessed intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm, voluntariness, clinical area relevance, output quality, and result demonstrability of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) evidence‐based practice guidelines via the mHealth application.ResultsDescriptive statistics and frequencies were used to explore sociodemographics; paired t‐tests were used to evaluate pre‐ and posttest differences. Pre‐ and posttest significant differences (p < .01) were found between intention to use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, voluntariness, image, clinical relevance, result demonstrability, and output quality (p < .02). Ease use of a mHealth application was not significantly different.Linking Evidence to ActionThese findings highlight the need to integrate evidence‐based practice tools using mHealth technology among prelicensure master's entry clinical nursing students in order to engage and foster translational learning and improve dissemination of secondary prevention screening guidelines among hospitalized patients.
Simulation of Accessory Drives Bevel Gears Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Kozharinov Egor , Temis Jury 
Published: February 2015

Bevel gears of modern aviation motors operate at high rotation velocities and transmitted torques. High dynamic load in bevel mesh due to impact interaction of teeth in contact actuates gear rim oscillations. Coincidence of dynamic load frequency and bevel gear natural frequency of nodal diameter can cause oscillation amplitude grow and gear rim breakdown. By harmonic response analysis it is shown, that highest stresses in gear rim appears during gear oscillation by two or three nodal diameters. Gear root is a stress concentration in this case.
In this paper methods of bevel gears dynamic behavior simulation are considered. A 3D solid dynamic model of bevel gear drive with transient contact interaction between pinion and gear by curvilinear teeth subject to tooth profile modification has been developed. An actuation was made by kinematic way by applying rotational velocity to driving pinion. A transmitted torque is applied to driven gear. An energy dissipation in gear material is considered in model.
A transmission error of bevel gears depending on profile modification, transmitted torque and diaphragm stiffness is calculated. It is shown, that applying tooth profile modification helps to avoid stress concentration on teeth flank, decreases transmission error and derivatives of it’s function.
As a result of calculation a function of disturbing force, actuating in gear mesh, dynamic transmission error and first principal stresses of gear crown face in time domain has been obtained. A spectral analysis of disturbing force and first principal stresses of gear rim is executed. As a result, it is shown, that gearing mesh is a source of poly-harmonic excitation of bevel gears. The maximum amplitude in contact force spectra is at frequency four times greater, than tooth frequency, and the maximum amplitude in first principal stresses of gear crown face spectra is at tooth frequency. Using a first principal stresses law of variation a new criterion of bevel gear rim strength is obtained.