bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics during higher plant cytokinesis
Authors: McMichael Colleen M. , Bednarek Sebastian Y. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryFollowing mitosis, cytoplasm, organelles and genetic material are partitioned into daughter cells through the process of cytokinesis. In somatic cells of higher plants, two cytoskeletal arrays, the preprophase band and the phragmoplast, facilitate the positioning and de novo assembly of the plant‐specific cytokinetic organelle, the cell plate, which develops across the division plane and fuses with the parental plasma membrane to yield distinct new cells. The coordination of cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics required to initiate, assemble and shape the cell plate as it grows toward the mother cell cortex is dependent upon a large array of proteins, including molecular motors, membrane tethering, fusion and restructuring factors and biosynthetic, structural and regulatory elements. This review focuses on the temporal and molecular requirements of cytokinesis in somatic cells of higher plants gleaned from recent studies using cell biology, genetics, pharmacology and biochemistry.

Contents

Summary
1039

I.
Introduction
1039

II.
The role of the cytoskeleton in cytokinesis
1041

III.
Membrane dynamics during cytokinesis
1046

IV.
Conclusion
1051

Acknowledgements
1051

References
1051
Assessing hydric soils in a gallery forest in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Skorupa A. L. A. , Fay M. , Zinn Y. L. , Scheuber M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHydric soils have important ecological functions such as biodiversity hotspots, hydrological buffering and C storage, but their spatial variability leads to mapping uncertainties. In the Brazilian Cerrado, gallery forests along first‐order streams are used to indicate the occurrence of hydric soils, but this relationship has seldom been tested. This project was designed to determine the occurrence of hydric soils and associated soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in a gallery forest in the Cerrado. Thus, a 19‐km‐long gallery forest was divided into nine transects perpendicular to the stream along which soils were sampled every 10 m with a 1‐m‐depth core sampler. From the 134 cores thus obtained, Munsell colours and redoximorphic features were assessed for each horizon, and the data were used to select the five main soil types for description and characterization. Three soils were well drained (Kandiustox, Plinthic Haplustox and Fluventic Dystrustept), and two were hydric (Plinthaquox and Endoaquent). Hydric soils comprised only 20–30% of the area based on the average transect area where floodplains, mottles, nodules and Munsell values <2 occurred, as well as on calculated hydromorphy indexes. Soil organic carbon stocks to 1 m depth ranged from ca. 120 Mg/ha in well‐drained Oxisols to 860 Mg/ha in the Endoaquent, with overall means between 200 and 400 Mg/ha. Large soil variability is a challenge to mapping hydric soils, which though of limited extent are highly susceptible to degradation following drainage and cultivation.
Promotion of Hendra Virus Replication by MicroRNA 146a
Authors: Stewart Cameron R. , Marsh Glenn A. , Jenkins Kristie A. , Gantier Michael P. , Tizard Mark L. , Middleton Deborah , Lowenthal John W. , Haining Jessica , Izzard Leonard , Gough Tamara J. , Deffrasnes Celine , Stambas John , Robinson Rachel , Heine Hans G. , Pallister Jackie A. , Foord Adam J. , Bean Andrew G. , Wang Lin-Fa 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Hendra virus is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus in the genus
Henipavirus
. Thirty-nine outbreaks of Hendra virus have been reported since its initial identification in Queensland, Australia, resulting in seven human infections and four fatalities. Little is known about cellular host factors impacting Hendra virus replication. In this work, we demonstrate that Hendra virus makes use of a microRNA (miRNA) designated miR-146a, an NF-κB-responsive miRNA upregulated by several innate immune ligands, to favor its replication. miR-146a is elevated in the blood of ferrets and horses infected with Hendra virus and is upregulated by Hendra virus in human cells
in vitro
. Blocking miR-146a reduces Hendra virus replication
in vitro
, suggesting a role for this miRNA in Hendra virus replication.
In silico
analysis of miR-146a targets identified ring finger protein (RNF)11, a member of the A20 ubiquitin editing complex that negatively regulates NF-κB activity, as a novel component of Hendra virus replication. RNA interference-mediated silencing of RNF11 promotes Hendra virus replication
in vitro
, suggesting that increased NF-κB activity aids Hendra virus replication. Furthermore, overexpression of the IκB superrepressor inhibits Hendra virus replication. These studies are the first to demonstrate a host miRNA response to Hendra virus infection and suggest an important role for host miRNAs in Hendra virus disease.
Identification of FGFR4 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Advanced-Stage, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zaid Tarrik M. , Yeung Tsz-Lun , Thompson Melissa S. , Leung Cecilia S. , Harding Tom , Co Ngai-Na , Schmandt Rosie S. , Kwan Suet-Ying , Rodriguez-Aguay Cristian , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Sood Anil K. , Wong Kwong-Kwok , Birrer Michael J. , Mok Samuel C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) protein expression in patients with advanced-stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, delineate the functional role of FGFR4 in ovarian cancer progression, and evaluate the feasibility of targeting FGFR4 in serous ovarian cancer treatment.
Experimental Design: Immunolocalization of FGFR4 was conducted on 183 ovarian tumor samples. The collected FGFR4 expression data were correlated with overall survival using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. The effects of FGFR4 silencing on ovarian cancer cell growth, survival, invasiveness, apoptosis, and FGF1-mediated signaling pathway activation were evaluated by transfecting cells with FGFR4-specific siRNAs. An orthotopic mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of injection of FGFR4-specific siRNAs and FGFR4 trap protein encapsulated in nanoliposomes on ovarian tumor growth in vivo.
Results: Overexpression of FGFR4 protein was significantly associated with decreased overall survival durations. FGFR4 silencing significantly decreased the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness and increased apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Also, downregulation of FGFR4 significantly abrogated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and WNT signaling pathways, which are activated by FGF1. Targeting FGFR4 with the FGFR4-specific siRNAs and FGFR4 trap protein significantly decreased ovarian tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions: FGFR4 is a prognostic marker for advanced-stage, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Silencing FGFR4 and inhibiting ligand-receptor binding significantly decrease ovarian tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting ovarian cancer cells with high levels of FGFR4 protein expression is a new therapeutic modality for this disease and will improve survival of it. Clin Cancer Res; 19(4); 809–20. ©2012 AACR.
Jet Jumping: Low-Frequency Variability in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Chapman Christopher C. , McC. Hogg Andrew 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The authors study intrinsic variability in the position of jets in a β-plane channel ocean with simple topography using a quasigeostrophic numerical model. This study links the variability in jet position with abyssal anticyclones that form as a result of interaction of mesoscale eddies and subsurface topography, reminiscent of such flows as the Zapiola anticyclone. A simple dynamical framework explaining this behavior is developed. In this framework, this study shows that the topographic anticyclones form closed regions of homogenized yet time-varying potential vorticity. Neighboring topographic anticyclones are coupled by eddy fluxes. Interaction of a baroclinic jet with these two (or more) anticyclones can drive variability in local jet strength. Predictions of the dynamical framework are then compared with the results of the numerical model, and it is demonstrated that this model has merit in explaining the observed model variability. This study argues that this simple mode of variability has relevance for the ocean.
Transcriptome analysis of bitter acid biosynthesis and precursor pathways in hop (Humulus lupulus)
Authors: Clark Shawn M , Vaitheeswaran Vinidhra , Ambrose Stephen J , Purves Randy W , Page Jonathan E 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundBitter acids (e.g.humulone) are prenylated polyketides synthesized in lupulin glands of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) which are important contributors to the bitter flavour and stability of beer. Bitter acids are formed from acyl-CoA precursors derived from branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation and C5 prenyl diphosphates from the methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to obtain the transcriptomes of isolated lupulin glands, cones with glands removed and leaves from high α-acid hop cultivars, and analyzed these datasets for genes involved in bitter acid biosynthesis including the supply of major precursors. We also measured the levels of BCAAs, acyl-CoA intermediates, and bitter acids in glands, cones and leaves.ResultsTranscripts encoding all the enzymes of BCAA metabolism were significantly more abundant in lupulin glands, indicating that BCAA biosynthesis and subsequent degradation occurs in these specialized cells. Branched-chain acyl-CoAs and bitter acids were present at higher levels in glands compared with leaves and cones. RNA-seq analysis showed the gland-specific expression of the MEP pathway, enzymes of sucrose degradation and several transcription factors that may regulate bitter acid biosynthesis in glands. Two branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) enzymes,HlBCAT1andHlBCAT2, were abundant, with gene expression quantification by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR indicating thatHlBCAT1was specific to glands whileHlBCAT2was present in glands, cones and leaves. Recombinant HlBCAT1 and HlBCAT2 catalyzed forward (biosynthetic) and reverse (catabolic) reactions with similar kinetic parameters. HlBCAT1 is targeted to mitochondria where it likely plays a role in BCAA catabolism. HlBCAT2 is a plastidial enzyme likely involved in BCAA biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analysis of the hop BCATs and those from other plants showed that they group into distinct biosynthetic (plastidial) and catabolic (mitochondrial) clades.ConclusionsOur analysis of the hop transcriptome significantly expands the genomic resources available for this agriculturally-important crop. This study provides evidence for the lupulin gland-specific biosynthesis of BCAAs and prenyl diphosphates to provide precursors for the production of bitter acids. The biosynthetic pathway leading to BCAAs in lupulin glands involves the plastidial enzyme, HlBCAT2. The mitochondrial enzyme HlBCAT1 degrades BCAAs as the first step in the catabolic pathway leading to branched chain-acyl-CoAs.
Rapid screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection by detecting α-mannosidase activity in urogenital tract specimens
Authors: Wang Ze-yu , Fu Guang-yu , Wang Shan-mei , Qin Dong-chun , Wang Zhong-quan , Cui Jing 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background

Chlamydia trachomatis may cause multiple different urogenital tract disorders, but current non-culture assays for rapid screening of C. trachomatis typically use immunochromatography-based methods. We established another new rapid non-culture method for detection of C. trachomatis based on the measurement of α-mannosidase enzymatic activity in urogenital tract specimens.

Method
To evaluate the performance of this method, α-mannosidase activities of C. trachomatis serotype D strain 、 and 29 standard strains related to clinical urogenital pathogens were investigated. Furthermore, 553 urogenital tract specimens were used for clinical assays via cell culture method and ligase chain reaction method (LCR), adopting an expanded gold standard.

Results
Only C. trachomatis was positive for α-mannosidase activity among different types of microbes tested in the research. When prostate fluid specimens, which have some interfering activity, were excluded, the sensitivity and specificity of the enzymatic method were 91.8% (78/85) and 98.3% (409/416), respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
These results showed that α-mannosidase activity could be utilised as a screening marker of C. trachomatis infection.
Lens regeneration in axolotl: new evidence of developmental plasticity
Authors: Suetsugu-Maki Rinako , Maki Nobuyasu , Nakamura Kenta , Sumanas Saulius , Zhu Jie , Del Rio-Tsonis Katia , Tsonis Panagiotis A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Among vertebrates lens regeneration is most pronounced in newts, which have the ability to regenerate the entire lens throughout their lives. Regeneration occurs from the dorsal iris by transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cells. Interestingly, the ventral iris never contributes to regeneration. Frogs have limited lens regeneration capacity elicited from the cornea during pre-metamorphic stages. The axolotl is another salamander which, like the newt, regenerates its limbs or its tail with the spinal cord, but up until now all reports have shown that it does not regenerate the lens.

Results
Here we present a detailed analysis during different stages of axolotl development, and we show that despite previous beliefs the axolotl does regenerate the lens, however, only during a limited time after hatching. We have found that starting at stage 44 (forelimb bud stage) lens regeneration is possible for nearly two weeks. Regeneration occurs from the iris but, in contrast to the newt, regeneration can be elicited from either the dorsal or the ventral iris and, occasionally, even from both in the same eye. Similar studies in the zebra fish concluded that lens regeneration is not possible.

Conclusions
Regeneration of the lens is possible in the axolotl, but differs from both frogs and newts. Thus the axolotl iris provides a novel and more plastic strategy for lens regeneration.
Crystal structure of hexachloro-bis-((4'-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,2':6',2''- terpyridine)-trizinc(II)-methanol, [Zn3(3-pytpy)2Cl6)]CH3OH, C41H32Cl6N8OZn3
Authors: Gou Lei 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C41H32Cl6N8OZn3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.8857(8) Å, b = 13.5194(8) Å, c = 23.709(1) Å, β = 106.835(4)°, V = 4260.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0375, wRref(F2) = 0.0970, T = 296 K
Trace-element and physical response to melt percolation in Summit (Greenland) snow
Authors: Wong Gifford J. , Hawley Robert L. , Lutz Eric R. , Osterberg Erich C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSurface melt on a glacier can perturb the glaciochemical record beyond the natural variability. While the centre of the Greenland ice sheet is usually devoid of surface melt, many high-Arctic and alpine ice cores document frequent summertime melt events. Current hypotheses interpreting melt-affected ice-core chemistry rely on preferential elution of certain major ions. However, the precise nature of chemistry alteration is unknown because it is difficult to distinguish natural variability from melt effects in a perennially melt-affected site. We use eight trace-element snow chemistry records recovered from Summit, Greenland, to study spatial variability and melt effects on insoluble trace chemistry and physical stratigraphy due to artificially introduced meltwater. Differences between non-melt and melt-affected chemistry were significantly greater than the spatial variability in chemistry represented by nearest-neighbour pairs. Melt-perturbed trace elements, particularly rare earth elements, retained their seasonal stratigraphies, suggesting that trace elements may serve as robust chemical indicators for annual layers even in melt-affected study areas. Results suggest trace-element transport via meltwater percolation will deposit eluted material down-pit in refrozen areas below the nearest-surface chemistry peak. In our experiments, snow chemistry analyses are more sensitive to melt perturbations than density changes or unprocessed near-infrared digital imagery.
Globalização: ensaio sobre as marcas da homogeneização do mundo no universo regional.
Authors: Eidt Paulino , Enoque Silva Junior Edinaldo 
Published: January 2013

Globalização Negativa é um termo cunhado por Zygmunt Bauman (Medo Liquido, 2008). O presente artigo pretende contribuir para elucidar os aspectos verticalizadores da globalização, bem como sua influência no processo de liquefação das localidades. É notório de que a globalização não é democrática, ou seja, não permite a manutenção de uma mútua inter-referência entre as partes do globo, mostra-se, ao contrário, autoritária e impositiva como afirma Bauman. Num segundo momento, o artigo expressa os impactos da verticalização da economia na região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Trata-se da extinção de Fidelidades Locais e Regionais, reordenamento da produção e a imposição de um conjunto de valores culturais intrinsecamente ligados ao mundo mercadológico.
Consumer's doppelganger: A role model perspective on intentional consumer mimicry
Authors: Ruvio Ayalla , Gavish Yossi , Shoham Aviv 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the consumer's doppelganger effect, the inclination of consumers to intentionally mimic other individuals' consumption behaviors. Taking a role model perspective, we look at the inclination of Israeli teenage girls to resonate with role models with whom they have unidirectional (study 1; N = 152) and bidirectional (study 2; N = 343) relationships. The findings demonstrate that consumers' doppelgangers have a strong inclination to intentionally emulate other individuals' consumption behavior when they perceive them as consumer role models, an assessment that is rooted in their view of these individuals as relevant. The contributions of this research relate to the study of mimicry, role modeling, and family consumption.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐ideal metal binding model for Cr(III) sorption using Spirulina platensis biomass: Experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Gagrai Mahesh Kumar , Das Chandan , Golder Animes Kumar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRemoval of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using Spirulina biomass was studied in a batch experiment. Spirulina biomass was characterised before and after Cr(III) sorption using FTIR, SEM and potentiometric titration. The effects of experimental parameters such as solution pH, contact time, biomass dose, initial Cr(III) concentration and temperature were studied. pH had significant influence on Cr(III) uptake capacity of biomass. The optimum equilibrium solution pH was found as 6.2. Biosorption efficiency decreased at higher temperature. A simple proton binding model was investigated for the quantitative determination of acid–base characteristics of Spirulina. The dissociation constants (pKa) of 1.19, 2.87 and 8.07 mol L−1 were estimated, which correspond to carboxylic, phosphatic and amine groups, respectively. A modified metal binding model was then tested, and Cr(III) binding constants (Kθ) of 80.9, 3.9 × 103 and 3.5 × 104 L mol−1 were found for carboxylic, phosphatic and amine groups, respectively.
GABAergic neurons regulate lateral ventricular development via transcription factor Pax5
Authors: Ohtsuka Nobuhisa , Badurek Sylvia , Busslinger Meinrad , Benes Francine M. , Minichiello Liliana , Rudolph Uwe 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPostmortem studies have revealed a downregulation of the transcription factor Pax5 in GABAergic neurons in bipolar disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, raising the question whether Pax5 in GABAergic neurons has a role in normal brain development. In a genetic approach to study functions of Pax5 in GABAergic neurons, Pax5 was specifically deleted in GABAergic neurons from Pax5 floxed mice using a novel Gad1‐Cre transgenic mouse line expressing Cre recombinase in Gad1‐positive, that is, GABAergic neurons. Surprisingly, these mice developed a marked enlargement of the lateral ventricles at approximately 7 weeks of age, which was lethal within 1–2 weeks of its appearance. This hydrocephalus phenotype was observed in mice homozygous or heterozygous for the Pax5 conditional knockout, with a gene dosage‐dependent penetrance. By QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping, a 3.5 Mb segment on mouse chromosome 4 flanked by markers D4Mit237 and D4Mit214 containing approximately 92 genes including Pax5 has previously been linked to differences in lateral ventricular size. Our findings are consistent with Pax5 being a relevant gene underlying this QTL phenotype and demonstrate that Pax5 in GABAergic neurons is essential for normal ventricular development. genesis 51:234–245. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochrome c‐Based Amperometric Sensors for Superoxide Detection: Where Their Signal Comes From?
Authors: Gáspár Szilveszter , Marty Jean Louis , Gheorghiu Eugen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn a popular amperometric superoxide sensor, cytochrome c (Cyt c) is covalently immobilized onto a gold electrode previously covered with a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of carboxyl‐terminated alkanethiols. Therefore, a study was carried out to reveal the origins of the current response of such sensors. SAMs made of either 3,3′‐dithiodipropionic acid or 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid and 11‐mercaptoundecanol were used to immobilize either Cyt c or an inert protein onto gold electrodes. The resulting modified electrodes were comparatively investigated by cyclic voltammetry and calibrated for superoxide detection. The obtained results bring evidence that significant part (>70 %) of the current response of the Cyt c‐modified electrodes to superoxide comes from direct oxidation of superoxide on gold (i.e. does not involve Cyt c).
Work Design–Related Antecedents of Turnover Intention: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Chang Wan‐Jing April , Wang Yung‐Shui , Huang Tung‐Chun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPrevious research on employee‐turnover intention has focused mostly on a single level of analysis. This multilevel study of 1,149 employees and 144 managers from a 21‐store Taiwanese retail home improvement chain demonstrated that individual and store‐level factors were significantly associated with employee‐turnover intention. Job characteristics explain within‐store variance. In addition to age and tenure similarity among employees, transformational leadership and compensation explain between‐store variance. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are also discussed.