bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMODAL GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN A REAL-WORLD RETINA CLINIC SETTING
Authors: Ghalibafan Seyyedehfatemeh , Taylor Gonzalez David J. , Cai Louis Z. , Graham Chou Brandon , Panneerselvam Sugi , Conrad Barrett Spencer , Djulbegovic Mak B. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study evaluates a large language model, Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 with vision, for diagnosing vitreoretinal diseases in real-world ophthalmology settings.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study at Bascom Palmer Eye Clinic, analyzing patient data from January 2010 to March 2023, assesses Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 with vision's performance on retinal image analysis and International Classification of Diseases 10th revision coding across 2 patient groups: simpler cases (Group A) and complex cases (Group B) requiring more in-depth analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed through open-ended questions and multiple-choice questions independently verified by three retina specialists.

Results:
In 256 eyes from 143 patients, Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4-V demonstrated a 13.7% accuracy for open-ended questions and 31.3% for multiple-choice questions, with International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code accuracies at 5.5% and 31.3%, respectively. Accurately diagnosed posterior vitreous detachment, nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. International Classification of Diseases 10th revision coding was most accurate for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, central retinal vein occlusion, and macular hole in OEQs, and for posterior vitreous detachment, nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment in multiple-choice questions. No significant difference in diagnostic or coding accuracy was found in Groups A and B.

Conclusion:
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 with vision has potential in clinical care and record keeping, particularly with standardized questions. Its effectiveness in open-ended scenarios is limited, indicating a significant limitation in providing complex medical advice.
Optic Disc Coloboma May Trigger Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum
Authors: AlBloushi Abdulrahman F. , Almuwarraee Sarah Mohammed , Al Adel Fadwa 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
In this article, we reported a case of secondary multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) that occurred in a patient with optic disc coloboma

Methods:
A case report

Results:
A 23-year-old otherwise healthy man experienced decreased vision and photopsia in the right eye for one month. He reported poor visual acuity in the left eye because of refractive amblyopia. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left eye. An examination of the right eye showed that the patient had optic disc coloboma. The results of multimodal imaging indicated MEWDS in the right eye. The patient was observed for four weeks. The MEWDS lesions improved, as determined by multimodal imaging, and his best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/20 in the right eye.

Conclusion:
Reports of secondary MEWDS have increased, and optic disc coloboma may trigger a MEWDS-like reaction.
Different Thicknesses of Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma on Prognosis of Fungal Corneal Ulcers Treated by Lamellar Keratoplasty: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Yingxin , Chen Yifeng , Wang Cuiyu , Gao Ruiyao , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To compare the prognosis and efficacy of acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) with different thicknesses for the treatment of fungal corneal ulcers by lamellar keratoplasty (LKP).

Methods:
A total of 52 patients who underwent LKP with APCS for the treatment of fungal corneal ulcers were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the different thicknesses of APCS (0.30 ± 0.05 mm, L2 group, n = 20; 0.40 ± 0.05 mm, L3 group, n = 32). Observation indicators included best corrected visual acuity, graft transparency, corneal neovascularization, ocular irritation symptoms, corneal epithelial healing time, graft survival, central corneal thickness at 1 year after surgery, and postoperative complications.

Results:
Compared with the L3 group, the L2 group had better postoperative best corrected visual acuity and graft transparency (P < 0.001), less corneal neovascularization (P < 0.001), and lower incidence of complications (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in ocular irritation symptoms between the 2 groups (P < 0.05) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, which might be related to the higher recurrence rate and graft rejection rate in the L3 group. The comparison of postoperative epithelial healing time also showed significant differences in 2 groups (P < 0.01). The 1-year survival rate was up to 63.5% in both groups, with no significant difference (P < 0.05). However, the risk of transplantation was less in the L2 group. Both APCS thicknesses could provide adequate central corneal thickness at 1 year after surgery (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
APCS was safe and effective in the treatment of fungal corneal ulcers by LKP. Thinner grafts should be preferred for LKP for fungal corneal ulcers to reduce the risk of grafting.
Marginal Full Thickness Blepharotomy for Management of Orbital Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Dryden Stephen , Gabbard Ryan , Salloum George , Meador Andrew , Laplant Jacquelyn , Kruglov Aleksandr , Fowler Brian , Wilson Matthew , Fleming James 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To assess the utility of a marginal full thickness blepharotomy (MFTB) for the treatment of orbital compartment syndrome.

Methods:
An experimental study design employing a cadaver model for orbital compartment syndrome was used to assess the efficacy of an MFTB. Elevated orbital compartment pressures were created in 12 orbits of 6 fresh cadaver heads. Intraocular pressure, as an analog of orbital pressure, was measured before and after inferior and superior MFTBs were performed. Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data to assess the efficacy of the procedure.

Results:
Both procedures were found to significantly lower the orbital compartment pressure. MFTB of the inferior lateral eyelid decreased orbital compartment pressure by an average of 62.2 mm Hg (95% CI, 56.9–67.5). MFTB of the superior lateral eyelid following MFTB of the inferior lateral eyelid decreased the orbital compartment pressure by an additional average of 10.3 mm Hg (total average reduction of 72.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, 68.1–76.9).

Conclusions:
Orbital compartment syndrome is a time-sensitive vision-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent irreversible vision loss. The authors describe the MTFB, a simple one-step procedure that when performed correctly results in a significant decrease in orbital compartment pressure, making it a viable option when canthotomy and cantholysis fails or is unable to be performed.
The relationship between sustained hamstring pain and reorganisation of somatosensory representations: a randomised, controlled study
Authors: Lin Natalie , Cavaleri Rocco , Rio Ebonie , Stanton Tasha R. , Imam Jawwad , Moukhaiber Nadia , Thomson Daniel , Williamson Cody , Andary Toni , Summers Simon J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recurrent hamstring injuries are highly prevalent amongst sporting populations. It has been hypothesised that pain from an initial hamstring injury may induce reorganisation of somatosensory representations that could contribute to reinjury. However, because of the cross-sectional nature of existing research, it remains unknown whether somatosensory changes are a cause or effect of pain or if they are driven by other potentially confounding factors. Here, we explored the effect of experimentally induced sustained hamstring pain on tasks that interrogate somatosensory and spatial representations. Fifty healthy participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group that performed an eccentric exercise protocol on the right hamstring to induce delayed onset muscle soreness or a control group performing a repetition-matched concentric exercise protocol. The tactile cortical representation was assessed using two-point discrimination and tactile localisation, whereas the proprioceptive representation was assessed using a left–right judgement task. Peripersonal spatial representations were assessed using an auditory localisation task. Assessments were performed at baseline and day 2. No between-group differences in tactile acuity were observed. However, improvements in left–right judgments and worsening of auditory localisation occurred in the experimental group compared with the control group. This study provides preliminary evidence showing that somatosensory changes occur in response to sustained hamstring pain. Experimentally induced, sustained hamstring pain elicited enhancements in proprioceptive processing and deficits in peripersonal spatial processing, suggesting a shift in the allocation of attentional resources from the external (peripersonal) to internal (body) environment. These findings may hold important implications for reinjury risk and rehabilitation following hamstring pain.
Analgesia efficacy of erector spinae plane block in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sia Crystal Jin-Yang , Wee Sheila , Au-Yong Angie Phui-Sze , Lie Sui-An , Tan Winson J. , Foo Fung-Joon , Kam Juinn-Huar , Lee Daniel JK , Koh Frederick H. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Multimodal analgesia is now widely practised to minimise postoperative opioid consumption while optimising pain control. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. This will be determined by perioperative opioid consumption, subjective pain scores, and incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Methods:
The authors systemically searched electronic databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published up to February 2023 comparing ESPB with other adjuvant analgesic techniques in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Nine randomised controlled trials encompassing 666 subjects were included in our study.

Results:
ESPB was shown to reduce postoperative opioid consumption [mean difference (MD) of −5.95 mg (95% CI: −8.86 to −3.04; P<0.0001); I
2=89%], intraoperative opioid consumption MD of −102.4 mcg (95% CI: −145.58 to −59.21; P<0.00001); I
2=39%, and incidence of nausea [RR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25–0.60; P<0.0001); I
2=0%] and vomiting [RR 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17–0.63; P=0.0009); I
2=0%] in laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Subgroup analysis on laparoscopic colorectal surgeries further showed reduction in postoperative pain scores MD of −0.68 (95% CI: −0.94 to −0.41); P<0.00001; I
2=0%].

Conclusions:
This study concludes that ESPB is a valuable technique with proven efficacy to potentially promote faster postoperative recovery through optimising pain control while minimising opioid requirements.
Effects of Chronic Pain on Static and Dynamic Postural Control in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Oh Minsub , Lee Hyunwook , Han Seunguk , Bruening Dustin A. , Seeley Matthew D. , Hopkins J. Ty 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To identify the effects of chronic pain levels on static and dynamic postural (DP) control in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Controlled laboratory.

Participants:
Sixty participants were divided into the following 3 groups: 20 high pain individuals with CAI (high pain), 20 low pain individuals with CAI (low pain), and 20 healthy controls (control).

Independent Variables:
Groups (CAI with high pain, CAI with low pain, and control) and visual conditions (eyes open and closed) for single-leg stance.

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants performed single-leg stance with eyes open and closed, the star excursion balance test, and single-leg hop to stabilization.

Results:
The high pain group experienced worse self-reported outcomes, including Foot and Ankle Ability Measure activities of daily living and sports, than the low pain and control groups. Regardless of visual condition, both the high and low pain groups exhibited decreased static postural control in mediolateral (ML) compared with the control group. Specifically, the high pain group showed decreased static postural control in ML under closed eyes compared with the low pain and the control groups. The high pain group showed less reach distance than the control group and increased DP control in vertical and overall DP stability index compared with the low and control groups.

Conclusions:
Chronic pain can significantly affect both static and DP control in individuals with CAI. Therefore, clinicians should consider chronic pain as one of the factors affecting postural control in individuals with CAI.
Big data in sarcoidosis
Authors: Rivera Natalia V. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
This review provides an overview of recent advancements in sarcoidosis research, focusing on collaborative networks, phenotype characterization, and molecular studies. It highlights the importance of collaborative efforts, phenotype characterization, and the integration of multilevel molecular data for advancing sarcoidosis research and paving the way toward personalized medicine.

Recent findings
Sarcoidosis exhibits heterogeneous clinical manifestations influenced by various factors. Efforts to define sarcoidosis endophenotypes show promise, while technological advancements enable extensive molecular data generation. Collaborative networks and biobanks facilitate large-scale studies, enhancing biomarker discovery and therapeutic protocols.

Summary
Sarcoidosis presents a complex challenge due to its unknown cause and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Collaborative networks, comprehensive phenotype delineation, and the utilization of cutting-edge technologies are essential for advancing our understanding of sarcoidosis biology and developing personalized medicine approaches. Leveraging large-scale epidemiological resources and biobanks and integrating multilevel molecular data offer promising avenues for unraveling the disease's heterogeneity and improving patient outcomes.
Maintenance therapy with anlotinib after induction therapy with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of 2 single-arm trials
Authors: Liu Yiqian , Miao Liyun , Chen Xiao , Zhu Xiaoli , Li Yan , He Jingdong , Chen Ping , Dai Shengbin , Liu Ziling , Ma Kewei , Wang Nanya , Zhao Yuguang , Chen Naifei , Song Wei , Bai Rilan , Cui Jiuwei , Shu Yongqian 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Maintenance therapy could significantly improve the prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy. Anlotinib is effective, tolerable, and convenient in administration as a third-line treatment for NSCLC. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with anlotinib after platinum-based induction chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods:
This pooled analysis of 2 multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trials (ALTER-L014 and ALTER-L011) enrolled patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC and without known sensitive mutations in China between September 2018 and January 2021. The primary outcome was progression-free survival. The secondary outcomes were objective response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, and safety.

Results:
The data of 23 patients were pooled, with 15 from ALTER-L014 and 8 from ALTER-L011. At the cutoff date of June 13, 2021, the median progression-free survival since the start of maintenance therapy was 5.95 (95% confidence interval, 4.30–8.80) months. Nineteen patients had stable disease, 1 had a partial response and 3 had progressive disease. The objective response rate was 4.35%, while disease control rate was 86.96%. The median overall survival of the patients since the start of maintenance therapy was 18.60 (95% confidence interval, 6.87–22.80) months. The incidence of adverse events of grade ≥ 3 was 21.7%.

Conclusion:
Anlotinib might offer a new option for maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC without known sensitive mutations after standard first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
The short-term effects of Jin’s three needles in conjunction with mirror therapy on brain function in patients with upper limb disability following an ischemic stroke were evaluated using ReHo analysis
Authors: Yang Yunqiu , Wang Zhen , Hu Qingmao , Long Xiaojing , Ma Guorui , Cui Shaoyang , Xu Mingzhu , Tang Chunzhi , Yang Chen 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Jin’s three needle (JTN) is a commonly utilized treatment for ischemic stroke in China. Mirror therapy (MT) is also gradually transitioning from treating limb discomfort to restoring motor function in the damaged limb. Investigations into the 2 treatments’ mechanisms of action are still ongoing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique in this study to examine the effects of JTN combined with mirror therapy MT on brain function in patients with upper limb dysfunction in ischemic stroke, as well as potential central mechanisms. The goal was to provide a solid evidence-based medical basis to support the continued use of JTN combination MT.

Methods:
This study will be a single-blind, randomized, and controlled experiment. Randomization was used to assign 20 patients who met the study’s eligibility requirements to the JTN + MT treatment group or the JTN control group. Each intervention will last for 4 weeks, with 6 days of treatment per week. The JTN acupuncture points are 3 temporal acupuncture points on the opposite side of the wounded limb, 3 hand acupuncture points on the injured upper limb, 3 shoulder acupuncture points, Renzhong and Baihui, The (JTN + MT) group simultaneously takes MT for 30 minutes. fMRI of the brain using BOLD and T1-weighted images was done both before and after therapy. Brain areas exhibiting changes in regional homogeneity during the pre and posttreatment periods were analyzed.

Results:
By the end of the treatment course, Jin three-needle therapy plus MT activated more relevant brain functional regions and increased cerebral blood oxygen perfusion than Jin three-needle therapy alone (P <.05).

Conclusion:
In patients with upper limb impairment following an ischemic stroke, JTN with MT may improve brain function reconstruction in the relevant areas.
Three-dimensional exergaming conjunction with vestibular rehabilitation in individuals with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A feasibility randomized controlled study
Authors: Ozdil Aytul , Iyigun Gozde , Balci Birgul 
Published: July 2024

Background:
To examine the effectiveness of 3D (dimensional)-vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) on gait, balance problems, processing time speed and subjective complaints in patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) compared to a control group (CG). This study aimed to test the feasibility of virtual reality-based 3D exergaming conjunction with vestibular rehabilitation.

Methods:
Twenty-two patients with BPPV (negative DixHallpike/Roll test results, existing dizziness/balance complaints) were randomly allocated to the study group (SG, n:11 3D-VRT) or Control group (CG n:11, no exercise-rehabilitation) for 8 week. The SG performed 3D-VRT for 45 to 50 min/d, 3 times/wk, and the CG did receive only Canalith Repositioning Maneuver (CRM). CRM was applied in both groups before the study. Outcome measures included 10-Meter-Walk-Test (10-MWT) (with/without head turns), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Choice-Stepping-Reaction-Time-ped (CSRT-MAT), Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FAB), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Results:
The SG showed significantly improvement in 10-MWT without (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.49), with horizontal (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.57),vertical (p5 = 0.01,η2 = 0.48) head turns, DGI (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.74), CSRT-MAT, FAB (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.78) and VAS-dizziness (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.65), VAS-balance problem (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.43), VAS-fear of falling (p5 = 0.00,η2 = 0.42) compared to the CG.

Conclusion:
The 3D-VRT were effective in improving gait, balance, processing speed and resolving the subjective complaints in BPPV. The 3D-VRT method is feasible for patients who suffer from residual dizziness or balance complaints after CRM. Furthermore, the 3D-VRT is more accessible and less expensive than other virtual reality applications, which may facilitate further research or clinical use.
Nitroglycerin combined with NSAIDs for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: A meta-analysis of prospective, randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jing-Ming , Wei Wan , Lin Hui 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with an incidence of approximately 9.7% according to some literature reviews. Recent clinical guidelines propose that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). However, currently, no guidelines provide an exact opinion on GTN and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Objective:
A meta-analysis was performed of published, full-length, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of prophylactic use of GTN, including GTN alone or GTN in combination with NSAIDs, on the prevention of PEP.

Methods:
Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Search terms included “endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography” OR “ERCP,” “OR ‘PEP’ OR ‘post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis’, pancreatitis,” “GTN” OR “glyceryl trinitrate” OR “nitroglycerin,” “NSAIDs” OR “Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs” and limited to RCT.

Results:
A total of 10 RCTs comprising 3240 patients undergoing ERCP were included. Meta-analysis revealed that the administration of GTN was associated with a significant reduction in the overall incidence of PEP. Moreover, PEP incidence was significantly lower in the GTN combined with the NSAIDs group than in the GTN alone group. GTN alone or GTN combined with NSAIDs may not reduce the severity of PEP (risk ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.99; P = .04). The difference in incidence between the 2 groups is 1.01% (6/594) in the GTN with NSAIDs group and 2.36% (14/592) in the placebo group.

Conclusion:
GTN has a significant benefit in preventing postoperative ERCP pancreatitis (P < .001). And neither GTN nor GTN plus NSAIDs reduces the incidence of non-mild ERCP postoperative pancreatitis. These conclusions need to be confirmed by high-quality randomized controlled studies with multicenter, large samples, and long-term follow-up.