bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐optical OOK‐TO‐QPSK modulation format conversion based on XPM
Authors: Duarte Vanessa C. , Shahpari Ali , Drummond Miguel V. , Teixeira António , Nogueira Rogério N. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose and experimentally demonstrate all‐optical conversion of two nonreturn‐to‐zero on‐off‐keying signals at 10 and 20 Gb/s into 20 and 40 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying signals. The presented modulation format converter relies on cross‐phase modulation in a highly nonlinear fiber. Simulation results are also presented, including the impact of amplitude‐to‐phase noise conversion, and show consistency with the experimental results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:355–359, 2014
A 12.1 mW 50–67‐GHz CMOS up‐conversion mixer with 6‐dB conversion gain and 30.7‐dB LO‐RF isolation
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wen Wei‐Chen , Tsai Tzung‐Min 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA 50–67‐GHz double‐balanced mixer for direct up‐conversion using standard 90‐nm CMOS technology is reported. The up‐conversion mixer comprises an enhanced double‐balanced Gilbert cell with current injection for power consumption reduction, and negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a parallel and differential intermediate frequency (IF) transconductance stage for bandwidth and linearity enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single local oscillator (LO) input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand balun for converting the differential radio‐frequency (RF) output signal to single signal. The mixer consumes 12.1 mW and achieves IF‐port input return loss of −12.8 dB at 0.1 GHz, LO‐port input return loss of −9.5 to −11.4 dB and RF‐port input return loss of −10.7 to −12.5 dB for frequencies 57–64 GHz. At IF of 0.1 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of 3.1–6 dB and LO‐RF isolation of 26.4–30.7 dB for RF of 50–67 GHz. The corresponding 3‐dB bandwidth of RF is larger than 17 GHz (the measurement range of 50–67 GHz). To the authors' knowledge, the CG and power consumption are the best results ever reported for a 60‐GHz CMOS/BiCMOS up‐conversion mixer. In addition, the measured IIP3 is −6.4 dBm at RF of 60 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:475–483, 2014
Design and analysis of a coplanar waveguide fed ultrawideband hexagonal open slot antenna with WLAN and WiMAX band rejection
Authors: Mandal Tapan , Das Santanu 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA simple coplanar waveguide fed hexagonal like open slot antenna has been considered for ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) in this article. This antenna is then modified to obtain dual band rejection. Dual band rejection frequencies (WLAN: 5.0–5.9 GHz, WiMAX: 3.3–3.7 GHz) at 5.5 and 3.5 GHz are achieved by embedding a U‐shape slot in the exciting stub as well as a couple of L‐shape open circuit stubs at the edge of the slot, respectively. The length and width of the U‐shape slot and L‐shape stubs offer sufficient freedom for selecting and shifting the notch bands. Impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation characteristics of them are studied and discussed here. A prototype and proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna have reasonable agreement between them. Proposed antenna has acceptable performances in terms of bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, efficiency, phase, and group delay. Hence the proposed antenna may be suitable for UWB applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:434–443, 2014
A concurrent dual‐band LNA for noninvasive vital sign detection system
Authors: Iyer Brijesh , Pathak Nagendra P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article illustrates a pseudomorphic‐high electron‐mobility transistor 2.44‐/5.25‐GHz concurrent dual‐band low‐noise amplifier for noninvasive human vital sign detection using a standard hybrid microstrip integrated technology process. A novel dual‐band DC bias network is proposed to operate over 2.44‐/5.25‐GHz. Input and output impedance matching networks are designed using double open‐circuited shunt‐stubs. This allows simultaneous matching of arbitrarily different complex impedance (say of transistor) to standard 50‐Ω impedance at any two desired frequencies, while rejecting a wide‐band between them. The fabricated circuit exhibits gain of 7.15 and 7.80 dB, and noise figures of 4.34 and 4.69 dB at two desired frequency bands, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:391–394, 2014
A class of finite volume schemes of arbitrary order on nonuniform meshes
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Zou Qingsong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article, we generalize the bi‐finite volume schemes developed in Zhang and Zou, J Sci Comput (in press) for elliptic equations with high smooth solutions to elliptic equations with singular solutions. By designing a special nonuniform rectangular meshes, we construct a class of finite volume schemes of arbitrary orderk. Our theoretic analysis shows that if the solution has weak singularity of type, whereris the distance from some target point to some fixed singular point, theH1norm of our finite volume schemes' discretization error converges with optimal order, while theL2norm error converges with order. Here,N2is the cardinality of the underlying mesh. Superconvergence property of the scheme is also discussed. Our theoretic findings have been verified by numerical experiments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 1614–1632, 2014
Host suitability comparison between the MEAM1 and AsiaII 1 cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in cotton‐growing zones of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z , Naveed Muhammad , Noor ul Ane Muhammad , Ren Shun‐Xiang , De Barro Paul , Qiu Bao‐Li 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex. In Pakistan, members of the complex, MEAM1 and AsiaII 1, are the predominant species infesting cotton. The biology of the two on cotton, collard, cucumber and tomato was studied.RESULTSIn all cases there were significant interactions between species and host. MEAM1 developmental periods did not differ significantly across hosts, whereas AsiaII 1 developed more slowly on vegetables than on cotton. MEAM1 survival was highest on tomato (53.5 ± 1.1%), while AsiaII 1 survived best on cotton (67.3 ± 11.6%). MEAM1 longevity and fecundity were highest on tomato (14.7 ± 1.7 days and 82.4 ± 9.9 eggs), while AsiaII 1 longevity and fecundity were highest on cotton (23.7 ± 2.5 days and 135.2 ± 13.6 eggs). The MEAM1 intrinsic rates of increase (rm) on cotton and vegetable were similar (0.08–0.10), whereas the AsiaII 1 rm on cotton (0.15) was higher than on vegetables (0.11–0.13). The biology of MEAM1 from Pakistan was compared with published studies; it had a consistently slower rate of development, lower percentage survival, lower adult longevity, longer generation time, lower net reproductive rate and lower rm.CONCLUSIONSMEAM1 performed similarly across all hosts, whereas AsiaII 1 performed better on cotton. The comparison between the Pakistani MEAM1 with published studies suggests that the invasive MEAM1 may have higher performance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Scope and limitation of label‐free multiphoton microscopy and probe‐labeled two‐photon microscopy for the endomicroscopic diagnosis
Authors: Chun Hoon Jai , Kim Eun Sun , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe briefly describe the advantages and limitations of label‐free multiphoton microscopy and probe‐labeled two‐photon microscopy for the endomicroscopic diagnosis. The two methods are complementary and more information can be collected from tissues by combining the two methods. Therefore, parallel efforts should be directed to the development of both label‐free MPM and probe‐labeled TPM as the diagnostic tool. SCANNING 36:462–464, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“What comes to mind when you think of science? The perfumery!”: Documenting science‐related cultural learning pathways across contexts and timescales
Authors: Bricker Leah A. , Bell Philip 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the details of one youth's science‐related learning in‐ and out‐of‐school at the time of her participation in an ethnography of youth science and technology learning across contexts and over time. We use the Cultural Learning Pathways Framework to analyze the youth's interests, and the related sociocultural, historical, material, and affect‐laden practices in which she and her family participated. The following question guided our analysis: How do everyday moments—experienced across settings, pursuits, social groups, and time—result in scientific learning, expertise development, and identification? We found that this youth's interest in various aspects of the sciences was years in the making, embedded in situated events that were part of a space–time continuum bound by passion for the practices involved, influenced by specific cultural practices, and explored with the help of close family collaborators. We also found that school science activity in which the youth in question participated both supported and could have potentially constrained her science‐related cultural learning pathways. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 260–285, 2014
Effect of trifloxystrobin on hatching, survival, and gene expression of endocrine biomarkers in early life stages of medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Zhu Lifei , Wang Huili , Liu Huijun , Li Wei 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTTrifloxystrobin is a systemic broad‐spectrum foliar strobilurin fungicides that enters the aquatic environment during agricultural application. It is highly toxic and poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms, whereas the effect on the development of early life stages of fish are unclear. In this study, hatchability, time to hatching, and larval mortality were measured. Additionally, the expression of biomarker genes, including those involved in sex hormone pathways (er, vtg, cyp17, and cyp19a), thyroid hormone pathways (trα and dio2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (ahr and cyp1a), was determined after embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to different levels of trifloxystrobin (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 28 days. The results showed that there were significant differences between controls and the 100 μg/L treatment group in both hatchability and time to hatching of fertilized eggs (p < 0.05). Larval mortality was significantly increased in the 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L treatment groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that embryonic and larval development may be affected by trifloxystrobin exposure. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the er gene were significantly up‐regulated at levels of trifloxystrobin above 1 μg/L treatment groups. Up‐regulation of vtg, cyp17, and cyp19a mRNA levels was observed in the larvae at the lower concentration treatment groups. The mRNA levels of cyp1a genes were significantly up‐regulated at all of the treatment groups. These results suggest that trifloxystrobin is a potential endocrine disruptor through effects on the sex hormone pathway and xenobiotic metabolism. The changes in cyp1a expression can be used as a highly sensitive biomarker to assess trifloxystrobin contamination in the early life stages of fish. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 648–655, 2015.
Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine‐induced amnesia in rats
Authors: Gutierres Jessié M. , Carvalho Fabiano B. , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Agostinho Paula , Marisco Patricia C. , Vieira Juliano M. , Rosa Michele M. , Bohnert Crystiani , Rubin Maribel A. , Morsch Vera M. , Spanevello Roselia , Mazzanti Cinthia M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAnthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine‐challenged (SCO), and scopolamine + anthocyanins (SCO + ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200 mg kg−1; oral), the animals were SCO injected (1 mg kg−1; IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P < 0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P < 0.05). SCO decreased Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P < 0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.
Studiendesign und Methodik des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys 2012
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela , Pabst Alexander , Matos Elena Gomes de 
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Es wird ein Überblick über Design und Stichprobenziehung, Erhebungsinstrumente, Durchführung sowie methodische Analysen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 gegeben. Methodik: Die Ziehung der Personenstichprobe erfolgte disproportional zur Verteilung der Geburtsjahrgänge auf Basis der Einwohnermelderegister in einem zweistufigen Zufallsverfahren. Die Befragungen wurden im Methodenmix durchgeführt (schriftlich, telefonisch, Internet). Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 9084 Personen im Alter zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren an der Studie teil (Nettoausschöpfung 53.6 %). Das Redressement-Gewicht hatte eine Effektivität von 67.6 %. Nicht-Teilnehmer wiesen eine niedrigere Konsumprävalenz von Alkohol und Cannabis, aber eine erhöhte Prävalenz des episodischen Rauschtrinkens und Schlafmittelgebrauchs sowie höhere Tabakkonsummengen auf als Teilnehmer. Telefonisch und im Internet befragte Personen gaben seltener Substanzkonsum an als schriftlich Befragte. Schlussfolgerungen: Der zentralen Herausforderung sinkender Ausschöpfungsraten in epidemiologischen Studien kann der Survey durch den Einsatz unterschiedlicher Befragungsmethoden standhalten. Selektionseffekte sind aufgrund der Nicht-Berücksichtigung bestimmter Bevölkerungsgruppen sowie aufgrund von Non-response-Effekten möglich.
Substanzkonsum und substanzbezogene Störungen in Deutschland im Jahr 2012
Authors: Pabst Alexander , Kraus Ludwig , Matos Elena Gomes de , Piontek Daniela 
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Untersucht wurden Umfang, Konsummuster und Störungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von Alkohol, Tabak, illegalen Drogen und Medikamenten. Methodik: Die Stichprobe des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 wurde zufällig aus den Einwohnermelderegistern gezogen und umfasste 9084 Personen im Alter zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren. Die Befragung erfolgte schriftlich, telefonisch bzw. über das Internet; die Antwortrate lag bei 53.6 %. Ergebnisse: Bezogen auf die letzten 30 Tage zeigten 57.3 % der Befragten einen risikoarmen und 14.2 % einen riskanten Alkoholkonsum. Insgesamt 30.2 % gaben an, in diesem Zeitraum geraucht zu haben. In den letzten 12 Monaten haben 4.5 % der Befragten Cannabis, 0.8 % Kokain und 0.7 % Amphetamine konsumiert. Schmerzmittel waren die am häufigsten eingenommenen Medikamente (12-Monats-Prävalenz: 61.9 %). Schätzungen zur Substanzabhängigkeit nach DSM-IV ergaben Prävalenzwerte von 3.4 % für Alkohol, 10.8 % für Tabak, 0.5 % für Cannabis, 0.2 % für Kokain, 0.1 % für Amphetamine und 3.4 % für Schmerzmittel. Schlussfolgerungen: Die hohe Verbreitung psychischer Störungen durch Alkohol und Tabak macht die Dringlichkeit der Umsetzung effizienter Präventionsmaßnahmen deutlich. Störungen im Zusammenhang mit Medikamenten sollten stärker beachtet werden.
Problembewusstsein und Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe bei substanzbezogenen Problemen
Authors: Matos Elena Gomes de , Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Piontek Daniela 
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Es wurden 12-Monats-Prävalenzen geschätzt bezüglich a) der Wahrnehmung substanzbezogener Probleme, b) der Inanspruchnahme verschiedener Hilfsangebote und c) der Inanspruchnahme professioneller Hilfe. Faktoren, die mit der Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe assoziiert sind, wurden analysiert. Methodik: Die Auswertung basiert auf Daten des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 (n = 9084; 18 – 64 Jahre; Ausschöpfungsrate 53.6 %). Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV wurden anhand des M-CIDI erfasst. Prädiktoren der Hilfesuche wurden regressionsanalytisch getestet. Ergebnisse: Zwischen 6 % (Alkohol) und 19 % (illegale Drogen) der Konsumenten berichteten substanzbezogene Probleme. Von diesen nahmen 14 % (Alkohol), 33 % (Illegale Drogen) bzw. 59 % (Medikamente) Hilfe in Anspruch. Mit Ausnahme des Einkommens bei Alkoholkonsumenten waren soziodemografische Variablen nicht mit der Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie zeigt eine Unterversorgung von Personen mit substanzbezogenen Problemen. Das Hilfesuchverhalten scheint hauptsächlich durch die Schwere der substanzbezogenen Störung beeinflusst zu sein.
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from rapeseed in Iran
Authors: Ali Rajaeifar Mohammad , Ghobadian Barat , Davoud Heidari Mohammad , Fayyazi Ebrahim 
Published: December 2013

The issue of searching alternatives for diesel fuel in transport sector that is one of the largest diesel fuel consuming sectors in each country has become more attractive nowadays. In this study, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of biodiesel production from rapeseed as an alternative for diesel fuel in transport sector was assessed in terms of three main stages including agricultural crop production, transport, and industrial conversion. The results revealed that the total fossil energy input cost was calculated as 28 122.16 MJ ha−1 and the renewable energy output content (biodiesel as the final outcome) was estimated as 31 802.06 MJ ha−1. The net energy returns and the fossil energy ratio were calculated as 3679.9 MJ ha−1 and 1.13, respectively. It shows rapeseed could be a suitable energy crop for biodiesel production. CO2 emissions assessment showed that the total greenhouse gas emissions over biodiesel production life cycle were 1054.98 kg CO2 eq ha−1 and the agricultural crop production stage ranks the first. In order to establish energy crops cultivation such as rapeseed and achieve the sustainable development, meteorological and water source availability data collected and analyzed for all the 31 provinces in Iran to generate a map of regions capable of rapeseed cultivation. The results revealed that 24 provinces among 31 provinces have a great potential for rapeseed cultivation.
Trapping of naive lymphocytes triggers rapid growth and remodeling of the fibroblast network in reactive murine lymph nodes
Authors: Yang Chen-Ying , Vogt Tobias K. , Favre Stéphanie , Scarpellino Leonardo , Huang Hsin-Ying , Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne , Luther Sanjiv A. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceLymph node swelling is a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Fibroblastic reticular cells form a fairly rigid scaffold throughout lymph nodes. They not only support organ structure and compartmentalization, but also guide lymphocyte trafficking. We describe how this rigid fibroblast network reacts to acute organ swelling. Rather than being disrupted or destroyed, the fibroblast network rapidly expands by proliferation and finally covers a much larger volume to accommodate many more lymphocytes. We identified naive lymphocyte trapping by innate triggers as an early fibroblast growth signal, with activated lymphocytes playing a role only in the later growth phase.
Cytoglobin modulates myogenic progenitor cell viability and muscle regeneration
Authors: Singh Sarvjeet , Canseco Diana C. , Manda Shilpa M. , Shelton John M. , Chirumamilla Rajendra R. , Goetsch Sean C. , Ye Qiu , Gerard Robert D. , Schneider Jay W. , Richardson James A. , Rothermel Beverly A. , Mammen Pradeep P. A. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Mammalian skeletal muscle is a dynamic and plastic tissue, capable of responding to physiological demands and pathophysiological stresses. This response relies on the muscle’s ability to activate myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) resulting in myogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that cytoglobin, a stress-responsive hemoprotein abundantly expressed in MPCs, is capable of modulating MPCs’ viability and proliferative/differentiative capacity. Collectively, our data demonstrate that cytoglobin serves an important role in muscle regeneration. Thus, an enhanced understanding of cytoglobin’s role in myogenesis may enable the development of therapeutic approaches for treating patients with muscle injuries and other neuromuscular disorders.
Democratic decisions establish stable authorities that overcome the paradox of second-order punishment
Authors: Hilbe Christian , Traulsen Arne , Röhl Torsten , Milinski Manfred 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Humans usually punish free riders but refuse to sanction those who cooperate but do not punish. However, such second-order punishment is essential to maintain cooperation. The central authorities established in modern societies punish both free riders and tax evaders. This is a paradox: would individuals who do not engage in second-order punishment strive for an authority that does? We address this puzzle with a mathematical model and an economic experiment. When individuals can choose between authorities by migrating between different communities, we find a costly bias against second-order punishment. When subjects use a majority vote instead, they vote for an authority with second-order punishment. These findings also suggest that other pressing social dilemmas could be solved by democratic voting.
Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology
Authors: Forsman Anders 
Published: December 2013

Significance
This paper provides a synthesis of results from experimental studies on plants and animals, and shows that there is strong evidence that genotypic and heritable phenotypic diversity improves establishment success and population persistence. An increased focus on among-individual variation may improve the success of conservation programs aiming to revitalize declining populations and species. Recognizing the role of diversity may also improve our ability to identify and ultimately prevent potential harmful invading species from spreading outside of their native ranges, and aid the development of means for improved protection against epizootics and epidemics.