bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child fear reactivity and sex as moderators of links between parenting and preschool behavior problems
Authors: Barnett Melissa A. , Scaramella Laura V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReduced supportive parenting and elevated negative parenting behaviors increase risks for maladaptive social adjustment during early childhood (e.g., Campbell, Shaw, & Gilliom, 2000). However, the magnitude of these risks may vary according to children's individual characteristics, such as sex and temperament. The current study examines whether children's sex and fear reactivity moderate the associations between mothers’ observed parenting and children's behavior problems 1 year later. The sample consists of 151 predominantly African American, low-income families with one sibling who is approximately 2 years old and the closest aged older sibling who is approximately 4 years old. Results from fixed-effects within-family models indicate that fear distress (i.e., fearfulness) moderated associations between mothers’ observed negative parenting and children's increased behavior problems, such that only those children with mean or higher observed fear distress scores showed increased behavior problems when exposed to mother's negative parenting. Child sex moderated associations between fear approach reactivity (i.e., fearlessness) and mothers’ observed supportive parenting. Specifically, low fear approach combined with supportive parenting was associated with fewer behavior problems for boys only. Implications of these findings for preventive intervention are discussed.
Food insecurity, overweight and obesity among low-income African-American families in Baltimore City: associations with food-related perceptions
Authors: Vedovato Gabriela M , Surkan Pamela J , Jones-Smith Jessica , Steeves Elizabeth Anderson , Han Eunkyung , Trude Angela CB , Kharmats Anna Y , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between food insecurity, excess body weight, psychosocial factors and food behaviours among low-income African-American families.DesignCross-sectional survey of participants in the baseline evaluation of the B’More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) obesity prevention trial. We collected data on socio-economic factors, food source destinations, acquiring food, preparation methods, psychosocial factors, beliefs and attitudes, participation in food assistance programmes, anthropometry and food security. We used principal component analysis to identify patterns of food source destinations and logistic regression to examine associations.SettingFourteen low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods in Baltimore City, MD, USA.SubjectsTwo hundred and ninety-eight adult caregiver–child (10–14 years old) dyads.ResultsOf households, 41·6 % had some level of food insecurity and 12·4 % experienced some level of hunger. Food-insecure participants with hunger were significantly more likely to be unemployed and to have lower incomes. We found high rates of excess body weight (overweight and obesity) among adults and children (82·8 % and 37·9 % among food insecure without hunger, 89·2 % and 45·9 % among food insecure with hunger, respectively), although there were no significant differences by food security status. Food source usage patterns, food acquisition, preparation, knowledge, self-efficacy and intentions did not differ by food security. Food security was associated with perceptions that healthy foods are affordable and convenient. Greater caregiver body satisfaction was associated with food insecurity and excess body weight.ConclusionsIn this setting, obesity and food insecurity are major problems. For many food-insecure families, perceptions of healthy foods may serve as additional barriers to their purchase and consumption.
Temperature Calibration forIn SituEnvironmental Transmission Electron Microscopy Experiments
Authors: Winterstein Jonathan P. , Lin Pin Ann , Sharma Renu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn situenvironmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) experiments require specimen heating holders to study material behavior in gaseous environments at elevated temperatures. In order to extract meaningful kinetic parameters, such as activation energies, it is essential to have a direct and accurate measurement of local sample temperature. This is particularly important if the sample temperature might fluctuate, for example when room temperature gases are introduced to the sample area. Using selected-area diffraction (SAD) in an ETEM, the lattice parameter of Ag nanoparticles was measured as a function of the temperature and pressure of hydrogen gas to provide a calibration of the local sample temperature. SAD permits measurement of temperature to an accuracy of ±30°C using Ag lattice expansion. Gas introduction can cause sample cooling of several hundred degrees celsius for gas pressures achievable in the ETEM.
Model of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas reveals striking enrichment in cancer stem cells
Authors: Oikawa Tsunekazu , Wauthier Eliane , Dinh Timothy A. , Selitsky Sara R. , Reyna-Neyra Andrea , Carpino Guido , Levine Ronald , Cardinale Vincenzo , Klimstra David , Gaudio Eugenio , Alvaro Domenico , Carrasco Nancy , Sethupathy Praveen , Reid Lola M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aetiology of human fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (hFL-HCCs), cancers occurring increasingly in children to young adults, is poorly understood. We present a transplantable tumour line, maintained in immune-compromised mice, and validate it as a bona fide model of hFL-HCCs by multiple methods. RNA-seq analysis confirms the presence of a fusion transcript (DNAJB1-PRKACA) characteristic of hFL-HCC tumours. The hFL-HCC tumour line is highly enriched for cancer stem cells as indicated by limited dilution tumourigenicity assays, spheroid formation and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry on the hFL-HCC model, with parallel studies on 27 primary hFL-HCC tumours, provides robust evidence for expression of endodermal stem cell traits. Transcriptomic analyses of the tumour line and of multiple, normal hepatic lineage stages reveal a gene signature for hFL-HCCs closely resembling that of biliary tree stem cells—newly discovered precursors for liver and pancreas. This model offers unprecedented opportunities to investigate mechanisms underlying hFL-HCCs pathogenesis and potential therapies.
Surprising trunk rotational capabilities in chimpanzees and implications for bipedal walking proficiency in early hominins
Authors: Thompson Nathan E. , Demes Brigitte , O’Neill Matthew C. , Holowka Nicholas B. , Larson Susan G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHuman walking entails coordinated out-of-phase axial rotations of the thorax and pelvis. A long-held assumption is that this ability relies on adaptations for trunk flexibility present in humans, but not in chimpanzees, other great apes, or australopithecines. Here we use three-dimensional kinematic analyses to show that, contrary to current thinking, chimpanzees walking bipedally rotate their lumbar and thoracic regions in a manner similar to humans. This occurs despite differences in the magnitude of trunk motion, and despite morphological differences in truncal ‘rigidity’ between species. These results suggest that, like humans and chimpanzees, early hominins walked with upper body rotations that countered pelvic rotation. We demonstrate that even if early hominins walked with pelvic rotations 50% larger than humans, they may have accrued the energetic and mechanical benefits of out-of-phase thoracic rotations. This would have allowed early hominins to reduce work and locomotor cost, improving walking efficiency early in hominin evolution.
Loss of KLF14 triggers centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis
Authors: Fan Guangjian , Sun Lianhui , Shan Peipei , Zhang Xianying , Huan Jinliang , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Dali , Wang Tingting , Wei Tingting , Zhang Xiaohong , Gu Xiaoyang , Yao Liangfang , Xuan Yang , Hou Zhaoyuan , Cui Yongping , Cao Liu , Li Xiaotao , Zhang Shengping , Wang Chuangui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCentrosome amplification is frequent in cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that disruption of the Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) gene in mice causes centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and spontaneous tumorigenesis. Molecularly, KLF14 functions as a transcriptional repressor of Plk4, a polo-like kinase whose overexpression induces centrosome overduplication. Transient knockdown of KLF14 is sufficient to induce Plk4-directed centrosome amplification. Clinically, KLF14 transcription is significantly downregulated, whereas Plk4 transcription is upregulated in multiple types of cancers, and there exists an inverse correlation between KLF14 and Plk4 protein expression in human breast and colon cancers. Moreover, KLF14 depletion promotes AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal that KLF14 reduction serves as a mechanism leading to centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, forced expression of KLF14 leads to mitotic catastrophe. Collectively, our findings identify KLF14 as a tumour suppressor and highlight its potential as biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Effect of interfaces on the nearby Brownian motion
Authors: Huang Kai , Szlufarska Izabela 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNear-boundary Brownian motion is a classic hydrodynamic problem of great importance in a variety of fields, from biophysics to micro-/nanofluidics. However, owing to challenges in experimental measurements of near-boundary dynamics, the effect of interfaces on Brownian motion has remained elusive. Here we report a computational study of this effect using μs-long large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and our newly developed Green–Kubo relation for friction at the liquid–solid interface. Our computer experiment unambiguously reveals that the t−3/2 long-time decay of the velocity autocorrelation function of a Brownian particle in bulk liquid is replaced by a t−5/2 decay near a boundary. We discover a general breakdown of traditional no-slip boundary condition at short time scales and we show that this breakdown has a profound impact on the near-boundary Brownian motion. Our results demonstrate the potential of Brownian-particle-based micro-/nanosonar to probe the local wettability of liquid–solid interfaces.
Analyzing historical trends in breast cancer biomarker expression: a feasibility study (1947–2009)
Authors: Krieger Nancy , Habel Laurel A , Waterman Pamela D , Shabani Melina , Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Achacoso Ninah S , Acton Luana , Schnitt Stuart J 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Determining long-term trends in tumor biomarker expression is essential for understanding aspects of tumor biology amenable to change. Limiting the availability of such data, currently used assays for biomarkers are relatively new. For example, assays for the estrogen receptor (ER), which are the oldest, extend back only to the 1970s.

Methods:
To extend scant knowledge about the feasibility of obtaining long-term data on tumor biomarkers, we randomly selected 60 breast cancer cases (10 per decade) diagnosed between 1947–2009 among women members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan to obtain and analyze their formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens. For each tumor specimen, we created duplicate tissue microarrays for analysis.

Results:
We located tumor blocks and pathology reports for 50 of the 60 cases (83%), from which we randomly sampled 5 cases per decade for biomarker analysis (n=30). All 30 cases displayed excellent morphology and exhibited biomarkers compatible with histologic type and grade. Test–retest reliability was also excellent: 100% for ER; 97% for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor; 93% for progesterone receptor and cytokeratin 5/6; and 90% for Ki67 and molecular phenotype; the kappa statistic was excellent (>0.9) for 4 of the 7 biomarkers, strong (0.6–0.8) for 2, and fair for only 1 (owing to low prevalence).

Conclusions:
These results indicate immunostaining for biomarkers commonly used to evaluate breast cancer biology and assign surrogate molecular phenotypes can reliably be employed on archival FFPE specimens up to 60 years old.
Biobanking of patient and patient-derived xenograft ovarian tumour tissue: efficient preservation with low and high fetal calf serum based methods
Authors: Alkema Nicolette G. , Tomar Tushar , Duiker Evelien W. , Jan Meersma Gert , Klip Harry , van der Zee Ate G. J. , Wisman G. Bea A. , de Jong Steven 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for preclinical cancer research demands proper storage of tumour material to facilitate logistics and to reduce the number of animals needed. We successfully established 45 subcutaneous ovarian cancer PDXs, reflecting all histological subtypes, with an overall take rate of 68%. Corresponding cells from mouse replaced human tumour stromal and endothelial cells in second generation PDXs as demonstrated with mouse-specific vimentin and CD31 immunohistochemical staining. For biobanking purposes two cryopreservation methods, a fetal calf serum (FCS)-based (95%v/v) “FCS/DMSO” protocol and a low serum-based (10%v/v) “vitrification” protocol were tested. After primary cryopreservation, tumour take rates were 38% and 67% using either the vitrification or FCS/DMSO-based cryopreservation protocol, respectively. Cryopreserved tumour tissue of established PDXs achieved take rates of 67% and 94%, respectively compared to 91% using fresh PDX tumour tissue. Genotyping analysis showed that no changes in copy number alterations were introduced by any of the biobanking methods. Our results indicate that both protocols can be used for biobanking of ovarian tumour and PDX tissues. However, FCS/DMSO-based cryopreservation is more successful. Moreover, primary engraftment of fresh patient-derived tumours in mice followed by freezing tissue of successfully established PDXs is the preferred way of efficient ovarian cancer PDX biobanking.
Time-scales of hydrological forcing on the geochemistry and bacterial community structure of temperate peat soils
Authors: Nunes Flavia L. D. , Aquilina Luc , de Ridder Jo , Francez André-Jean , Quaiser Achim , Caudal Jean-Pierre , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Dufresne Alexis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPeatlands are an important global carbon reservoir. The continued accumulation of carbon in peatlands depends on the persistence of anoxic conditions, in part induced by water saturation, which prevents oxidation of organic matter and slows down decomposition. Here we investigate how and over what time scales the hydrological regime impacts the geochemistry and the bacterial community structure of temperate peat soils. Peat cores from two sites having contrasting groundwater budgets were subjected to four controlled drought-rewetting cycles. Pore water geochemistry and metagenomic profiling of bacterial communities showed that frequent water table drawdown induced lower concentrations of dissolved carbon, higher concentrations of sulfate and iron and reduced bacterial richness and diversity in the peat soil and water. Short-term drought cycles (3–9 day frequency) resulted in different communities from continuously saturated environments. Furthermore, the site that has more frequently experienced water table drawdown during the last two decades presented the most striking shifts in bacterial community structure, altering biogeochemical functioning of peat soils. Our results suggest that the increase in frequency and duration of drought conditions under changing climatic conditions or water resource use can induce profound changes in bacterial communities, with potentially severe consequences for carbon storage in temperate peatlands.
Alleviation of skin inflammation after Lin− cell transplantation correlates with their differentiation into myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Jeong Ryu Su , Ju Ji-Min , Kim Woojin , Bum Kim Min , Hee Oh Kuen , Sup Lee Dong , Lee Hakmo , Eun Oh Ju , Soo Park Kyong , Young Choi Eun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo understand the cellular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects exerted by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the repair of tissue damage, we investigated the in vivo dynamics of bone marrow (BM) lineage-negative (Lin−) cells transplanted into mice with hyper sensitivity dermatitis. Longitudinal in vivo imaging and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Lin− cells home directly to inflamed skin within 6 h, where they undergo extensive expansion with the peak on day 14 post-transplantation and preferential differentiation into CD11b+Ly6GintLy6C+ cells by day 7. Cells with phenotypic profiles of neutrophils, macrophages and DCs appeared in inflamed skin on day 14. Progenies of transplanted Lin− cells showed similar kinetics of expansion and myeloid differentiation in BM. However, differentiation into CD11b+Ly6GintLy6C+ cells in the inflamed skin on day 7 was more skewed toward CD115+ cells (≥60%) with immune suppressive function and higher expression levels of iNOS, arginase and IL-10, compared with those in the BM. Transplantation of Lin− cells reduced the levels of Cd3 transcript and CD4+/CD8+ cells in inflamed skin. These results demonstrate differentiation of transplanted Lin− cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells in inflamed skin to be the basis of the alleviation of skin inflammation after Lin− cell transplantation.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Bicontinuous Hierarchically Porous Mn2O3 Single Crystals for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Shao-Zhuan , Jin Jun , Cai Yi , Li Yu , Deng Zhao , Zeng Jun-Yang , Liu Jing , Wang Chao , Hasan Tawfique , Su Bao-Lian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBicontinuous hierarchically porous Mn2O3 single crystals (BHP-Mn2O3-SCs) with uniform parallelepiped geometry and tunable sizes have been synthesized and used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The monodispersed BHP-Mn2O3-SCs exhibit high specific surface area and three dimensional interconnected bimodal mesoporosity throughout the entire crystal. Such hierarchical interpenetrating porous framework can not only provide a large number of active sites for Li ion insertion, but also good conductivity and short diffusion length for Li ions, leading to a high lithium storage capacity and enhanced rate capability. Furthermore, owing to their specific porosity, these BHP-Mn2O3-SCs as anode materials can accommodate the volume expansion/contraction that occurs with lithium insertion/extraction during discharge/charge processes, resulting in their good cycling performance. Our synthesized BHP-Mn2O3-SCs with a size of ~700 nm display the best electrochemical performance, with a large reversible capacity (845 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 50 cycles), high coulombic efficiency (>95%), excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability (410 mA h g−1 at 1 Ag−1). These values are among the highest reported for Mn2O3-based bulk solids and nanostructures. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study demonstrates that the BHP-Mn2O3-SCs are suitable for charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Targeting mosquito FREP1 with a fungal metabolite blocks malaria transmission
Authors: Niu Guodong , Wang Bin , Zhang Genwei , King Jarrod B. , Cichewicz Robert H. , Li Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInhibiting Plasmodium development in mosquitoes will block malaria transmission. Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (FREP1) is critical for parasite infection in Anopheles gambiae and facilitates Plasmodium invasion in mosquitoes through interacting with gametocytes and ookinetes. To test the hypothesis that small molecules that disrupt this interaction will prevent parasites from infecting mosquitoes, we developed an ELISA-based method to screen a fungal extract library. We obtained a candidate fungal extract of Aspergillus niger that inhibited the interaction between FREP1 and P. falciparum infected cells by about 92%. The inhibition specificity was confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. Notably, feeding mosquitoes with the candidate fungal extract significantly inhibited P. falciparum infection in the midgut without cytotoxicity or inhibition of the development of P. falciparum gametocytes or ookinetes. A bioactive natural product that prevents FREP1 from binding to gametocytes or ookinetes was isolated and identified as P-orlandin. Importantly, the nontoxic orlandin significantly reduced P. falciparum infection intensity in mosquitoes. Therefore, disruption of the interaction between FREP1 and parasites effectively reduces Plasmodium infection in mosquitoes. Targeting FREP1 with small molecules is thus an effective novel approach to block malaria transmission.
Ultra-high voltage electron microscopy of primitive algae illuminates 3D ultrastructures of the first photosynthetic eukaryote
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Nishida Tomoki , Saito Chieko , Yasuda Hidehiro , Nozaki Hisayoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA heterotrophic organism 1–2 billion years ago enslaved a cyanobacterium to become the first photosynthetic eukaryote and has diverged globally. The primary phototrophs, glaucophytes, are thought to retain ancestral features of the first photosynthetic eukaryote, but examining the protoplast ultrastructure has previously been problematic in the coccoid glaucophyteGlaucocystisdue to its thick cell wall. Here, we examined the three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure in two divergent species ofGlaucocystisusing ultra-high voltage electron microscopy. Three-dimensional modelling ofGlaucocystiscells using electron tomography clearly showed that numerous, leaflet-like flattened vesicles are distributed throughout the protoplast periphery just underneath a single-layered plasma membrane. This 3D feature is essentially identical to that of another glaucophyte genusCyanophora, as well as the secondary phototrophs in Alveolata. Thus, the common ancestor of glaucophytes and/or the first photosynthetic eukaryote may have shown similar 3D structures.
Comparison of intra-ocular pressure changes with liquid or flat applanation interfaces in a femtosecond laser platform
Authors: Williams G. P. , Ang H. P. , George B. L. , Liu Y. C. , Peh G. , Izquierdo L. , Tan D. T. , Mehta J. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has gained increased popularity. FLACS requires the application of a suction device to stabilize the laser head and focus the laser beam accurately. This may cause a significant escalation in intra-ocular pressure (IOP), which poses potential risks for patients undergoing cataract surgery. In this study we aimed to assess the effect of the Ziemer LDV Z8 femtosecond cataract machine on IOP. We demonstrated through a porcine model that IOP was significantly higher with a flat interface but could be abrogated by reducing surgical compression and vacuum. Pressure was lower with a liquid interface and further altering angulation of the laser arm could reduce the IOP to 36 mmHg. A pilot series in patients showed comparable pressure rises with the porcine model (30 mmHg). These strategies may improve the safety profile in patients vulnerable to high pressure when employing FLACS with the Ziemer LDV Z8.