bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemodialysis in Diabetic Patients Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Profile and T Cell Activation Status
Authors: Almeida A. , Lourenço O. , Fonseca A. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication in patients with diabetes, and most of them need renal replacement therapy such as haemodialysis (HD). These patients have a high tendency to develop infections and exhibit anomalies in the immune system. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of activation‐related markers on T cells, as well as to quantify inflammatory cytokines, before and after a single HD session in DN patients. The study involved DN patients under HD treatment who signed an informed consent form. Blood samples before and after one HD session were collected, to analyse the expression of CD25, CD69 and CD71 in T cells. We also quantified IL‐12p70, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐6 in serum samples using the cytometric bead array technique. After the HD session, there was an increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio due to significant alterations in both subsets. The relative percentage of CD25+ cells and CD8+ CD25+ increased significantly after the HD session, while the relative percentage of CD69 T cells decreased. There was a significant decrease in the CD25 mean fluorescence intensity values for CD4+ T, as well as in the case of CD71 in T cells after the HD session. Regarding cytokine synthesis, we found a significant increase in IL‐10 and IL‐6 and a decrease in IL‐8 after HD session. This study showed that a HD session in DN patients affects the T cell activation status in the two major subpopulations and differentially modulates the production of inflammatory cytokines.
Preschool Children's Anticipation of Recipients' Emotions Affects Their Resource Allocation
Authors: Paulus Markus , Moore Chris 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe present study investigated the impact of preschoolers' anticipation of recipients' emotions on their resource allocation decisions. Three‐ to six‐year‐old children participated in one of three different scenarios before performing a resource allocation task. In the Other condition, children were led to think about another person's emotions when being shared with or not being shared with. In the Self condition, children were led to think about their own emotion when being shared with or not being shared with. In an epistemic control condition, children were asked to think about another person's knowledge state. The results showed that children were able to attribute different emotions to the respective recipient when being shared with or not being shared with. Children in the Other condition and the Self condition were more likely to allocate resources to the other when decisions were not associated with costs. Moreover, correlational analyses demonstrated that the more negatively children rated the emotion of the recipient when not being shared with the more they were to allocate resources to the recipient. This indicates that children's inclination to allocate resources to another person can be promoted by their awareness of a recipient's negative emotions when not being shared with.
Harbingers of Migration Regression: Global Trends and a Mexican Case Study*
Authors: Jones Richard C. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe question raised here is whether global labor migration has reached its high‐water mark and will not in fact recover its prerecession magnitudes. This study examines this question, and the underlying causes of migration regression, reviewing studies at the international level and carrying out a case study of Jerezmunicipio, Zacatecas, Mexico.MethodsTwo surveys in Jerez—of 242 randomly selected households in six towns in 1995, and of 304 households in the same towns in 2009—provide a cross‐section of conditions before and after U.S. economic setbacks beginning around 2000.ResultsThe results point to a reduction in migration to the United States over the period. Furthermore, in the later period, lower fertility, higher educational attainment, and higher household income were all associated with lower levels of active U.S. migration, and income returns to local education were positive, whereas the income returns to U.S. migration were negative.ConclusionsThe results for Jerez are consistent with trends elsewhere in Mexico and those within leading sending nations globally, and they suggest a regression in future migration from these countries.
Isotopically diverse rhyolites coeval with the Columbia River Flood Basalts: evidence for mantle plume interaction with the continental crust
Authors: Colón Dylan P. , Bindeman Ilya N. , Stern Richard A. , Fisher Christopher M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Columbia River Flood Basalts (CRB) of the northwestern USA are coeval with eruptions of several thousand km3 of rhyolite. A broad survey of major phenocryst oxygen isotopes and of O and Hf isotopes in zircons from these rhyolites reveals significant diversity in inferred δ18Omelt values, ranging from +1.9 to +10.5‰ (SMOW), and in zircon Hf isotope compositions, which range from εHf = −39 to +9. This newly identified isotopic diversity shows that the syn‐CRB rhyolites were derived from high‐percentage melting of the crust. Low‐δ18O rhyolites, which fingerprint the melting of hydrothermally altered crust, are concentrated at the edge of the North American craton. This suggests that the conditions of crustal heating, faulting, and hydrothermal alteration required for the production of these rhyolites were concentrated there by the contrasts in crustal thickness and rheology associated with the boundary between the North American craton and younger accreted terranes.
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene blueschist from Taiwan and its exhumation via forearc extraction
Authors: Sandmann Sascha , Nagel Thorsten J. , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Ustaszewski Kamil , Münker Carsten 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBlueschist facies rocks in the Yuli Belt of Taiwan's Central Range record ongoing subduction of the Eurasian plate. We present a prograde Lu–Hf garnet–whole‐rock age of 5.1 ± 1.7 Ma from a retrogressed blueschist in the Yuli Belt. This age is considerably younger than the previously assumed age of 14–8 Ma for high‐pressure metamorphism in the Yuli Belt and represents the youngest Lu–Hf garnet age ever recorded for blueschist facies metamorphism. The age sheds new light on the palaeogeographic origin and exhumation scenario of the Yuli Belt. We propose that the Yuli Belt originated from the ocean–continent boundary of the Chinese passive margin. It was subducted eastward during collision with the Luzon island arc and rapidly exhumed when the forearc lithosphere was removed from above the continental slab by discrete subduction (extraction). This process reduces the pressure above the continental slab and may prompt the ascent of subducted crust into the opening gap. Thus, it can control the exhumation of high‐pressure rocks.
Successful treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis diagnosed early by polymerase chain reaction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Miyagi T. , Itonaga H. , Aosai F. , Taguchi J. , Norose K. , Mochizuki K. , Fujii H. , Furumoto A. , Ohama M. , Karimata K. , Yamanoha A. , Taniguchi H. , Sato S. , Taira N. , Moriuchi Y. , Fukushima T. , Masuzaki H. , Miyazaki Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractToxoplasmic encephalitis represents a rare, but often fatal infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based preemptive therapy is considered promising for this disease, but is not routinely applied, especially in low seroprevalence countries including Japan. We encountered 2 cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis after transplantation that were successfully treated. The diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in these cases was confirmed by PCR testing when neurological symptoms were observed. Both patients received pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine treatments within 2 weeks of the development of neurological symptoms, and remained free of recurrence for 32 and 12 months. These results emphasized the importance of the PCR test and immediate treatment after diagnosis for the management of toxoplasmic encephalitis.
A nationwide survey of the use of plerixafor in patients with lymphoid malignancies who mobilize poorly demonstrates the predominant use of the “on‐demand” scheme of administration at French autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant programs
Authors: Chabannon Christian , Bijou Fontanet , Miclea Jean‐Michel , Milpied Noel , Grouin Jean‐Marie , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDHigh‐dose chemotherapy supported with autologous stem cell transplantation is a standard therapeutic option for a subset of patients with lymphoid malignancies. Cell procurement is nowadays done almost exclusively through cytapheresis, after mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the marrow to peripheral blood (PB). The egress of HSPCs out of hematopoietic niches occurs in various physiologic or nonhomeostatic situations; pharmacologic approaches include the administration of acutely myelosuppressive agents or hematopoietic growth factors such as recombinant human granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (rHuG‐CSF). The introduction of plerixafor, a first‐of‐its‐class molecule that reversibly inhibits the interaction between the chemokine CXCL‐12 (also known as SDF‐1) and its receptor CXCR‐4, has offered new opportunities for the so‐called “poor mobilizers” who achieve insufficient mobilization and/or collection with conventional approaches.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBecause of the lack of consensus on a definition for poor mobilizers and the relatively high cost of plerixafor, French competent authorities have mandated a postmarketing survey on its use in routine practice.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONWe report here the results of this nationwide survey that confirms the clinical efficacy of plerixafor, even in the subset of patients who barely increased PB CD34+ cell count in response to rHuG‐CSF–containing mobilization regimen. Furthermore, analysis of this registry showed that despite heterogeneity in medical practices, the early—“on‐demand” or “preemptive”—introduction of plerixafor was widely used and did not result in an excess of prescriptions, beyond its expected use at the time when marketing authorization was granted.
Quality of the hematopoietic stem cell graft affects the clinical outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Watz Emma , Remberger Mats , Ringden Olle , Ljungman Per , Sundin Mikael , Mattsson Jonas , Uhlin Michael 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDIn approximately two‐thirds of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) no suitable related donor can be identified but an unrelated HLA‐matched donor can be found through international donor registries. HSCT grafts from unrelated donors are commonly collected at distant sites. Therefore, graft storage and transportation becomes crucial in the HSCT process. We aimed to study the impact of graft quality on clinical outcome and identify factors affecting graft quality.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe investigated the influence of graft quality on the clinical outcome in 144 HSCT patients. Graft quality was assessed by determining the viability (7‐aminoactinomycin D [7AAD]) on a frozen‐thawed sample from the peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) graft.RESULTSPatients receiving PBSCs with inferior quality (i.e., viability < 64% in the frozen‐thawed sample) more frequently developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) Grades I to IV than patients receiving grafts with better quality (p = 0.025). The transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was higher in the group receiving grafts with lower viability (p = 0.03). The viability of the frozen‐thawed samples was highly variable (median, 64%; range, 24%‐96%). No correlation could be observed when comparing the viability in newly arrived PBSC grafts to frozen‐thawed vials. Grafts with white blood cell (WBC) count of more than 300 × 109/L had lower viability than those with lower WBC counts (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONGraft quality affects clinical outcome. Patients receiving grafts with inferior quality had more aGVHD and higher TRM. There is a need for better analyses for assessing graft quality in routine HSCT care; analysis using 7AAD on fresh PBSC grafts is not sufficient.
Insulin therapy and dietary adjustments to normalize glycemia and prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia after evening exercise in type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Campbell Matthew D , Walker Mark , Bracken Richard M , Turner Daniel , Stevenson Emma J , Gonzalez Javier T , Shaw James A , West Daniel J 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionEvening-time exercise is a frequent cause of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes, fear of which deters participation in regular exercise. Recommendations for normalizing glycemia around exercise consist of prandial adjustments to bolus insulin therapy and food composition, but this carries only short-lasting protection from hypoglycemia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of a combined basal-bolus insulin dose reduction and carbohydrate feeding strategy on glycemia and metabolic parameters following evening exercise in type 1 diabetes.MethodsTen male participants (glycated hemoglobin: 52.4±2.2 mmol/mol), treated with multiple daily injections, completed two randomized study-days, whereby administration of total daily basal insulin dose was unchanged (100%), or reduced by 20% (80%). Participants attended the laboratory at ∼08:00 h for a fasted blood sample, before returning in the evening. On arrival (∼17:00 h), participants consumed a carbohydrate meal and administered a 75% reduced rapid-acting insulin dose and 60 min later performed 45 min of treadmill running. At 60 min postexercise, participants consumed a low glycemic index (LGI) meal and administered a 50% reduced rapid-acting insulin dose, before returning home. At ∼23:00 h, participants consumed a LGI bedtime snack and returned to the laboratory the following morning (∼08:00 h) for a fasted blood sample. Venous blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glucoregulatory hormones, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α. Interstitial glucose was monitored for 24 h pre-exercise and postexercise.ResultsGlycemia was similar until 6 h postexercise, with no hypoglycemic episodes. Beyond 6 h glucose levels fell during 100%, and nine participants experienced nocturnal hypoglycemia. Conversely, all participants during 80% were protected from nocturnal hypoglycemia, and remained protected for 24 h postexercise. All metabolic parameters were similar.ConclusionsReducing basal insulin dose with reduced prandial bolus insulin and LGI carbohydrate feeding provides protection from hypoglycemia during and for 24 h following evening exercise. This strategy is not associated with hyperglycemia, or adverse metabolic disturbances.Clinical trials numberNCT02204839, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Evaluating holistic needs assessment in outpatient cancer care—a randomised controlled trial: the study protocol
Authors: Snowden Austyn , Young Jenny , White Craig , Murray Esther , Richard Claude , Lussier Marie-Therese , MacArthur Ewan , Storey Dawn , Schipani Stefano , Wheatley Duncan , McMahon Jeremy , Ross Elaine 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionPeople living with and beyond cancer are vulnerable to a number of physical, functional and psychological issues. Undertaking a holistic needs assessment (HNA) is one way to support a structured discussion of patients’ needs within a clinical consultation. However, there is little evidence on how HNA impacts on the dynamics of the clinical consultation. This study aims to establish (1) how HNA affects the type of conversation that goes on during a clinical consultation and (2) how these putative changes impact on shared decision-making and self-efficacy.Methods and analysisThe study is hosted by 10 outpatient oncology clinics in the West of Scotland and South West England. Participants are patients with a diagnosis of head and neck, breast, urological, gynaecological and colorectal cancer who have received treatment for their cancer. Patients are randomised to an intervention or control group. The control group entails standard care—routine consultation between the patient and clinician. In the intervention group, the patient completes a holistic needs assessment prior to consultation. The completed assessment is then given to the clinician where it informs a discussion based on the patient's needs and concerns as identified by them. The primary outcome measure is patient participation, as determined by dialogue ratio (DR) and preponderance of initiative (PI) within the consultation. The secondary outcome measures are shared decision-making and self-efficacy. It is hypothesised that HNA will be associated with greater patient participation within the consultation, and that shared decision-making and feelings of self-efficacy will increase as a function of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been given a favourable opinion by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee and NHS Research & Development. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference attendance.Trail registration numberClinical Trials.govNCT02274701.
Evaluation of a complex, population-based injury claims management intervention for improving injury outcomes: study protocol
Authors: Collie Alex , Gabbe Belinda , Fitzharris Michael 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionInjuries resulting from road traffic crashes are a substantial cause of disability and death worldwide. Injured persons receiving compensation have poorer recovery and return to work than those with non-compensable injury. Case or claims management is a critical component of injury compensation systems, and there is now evidence that claims management can have powerful positive impacts on recovery, but can also impede recovery or exacerbate mental health concerns in some injured people. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of a population-based injury claims management intervention in the State of Victoria, Australia, on the health of those injured in motor vehicle crashes, their experience of the compensation process, and the financial viability of the compensation system.Methods and analysisEvaluation of this complex intervention involves a series of linked but stand-alone research projects to assess the anticipated process changes, impacts and outcomes of the intervention over a 5-year time frame. Linkage and analysis of routine administrative and health system data is supplemented with a series of primary studies collecting new information. Additionally, a series of ‘action’ research projects will be undertaken to inform the implementation of the intervention. A program logic model designed by the state government Transport Accident Commission in conjunction with the research team provides the evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationRelatively few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of compensation system processes on the health of injured persons, their satisfaction with systems processes, and impacts on the financial performance of the compensation scheme itself. The wholesale, population-based transformation of an injury claims management model is a rare opportunity to document impacts of system-level policy change on outcomes of injured persons. Findings will contribute to the evidence base of information on the public health effects of injury claims management policy and practice.
Biomarkers of necrotising soft tissue infections: aspects of the innate immune response and effects of hyperbaric oxygenation—the protocol of the prospective cohort BIONEC study
Authors: Hansen Marco Bo , Simonsen Ulf , Garred Peter , Hyldegaard Ole 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionThe mortality and amputation rates are still high in patients with necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs). It would be ideal to have a set of biomarkers that enables the clinician to identify high-risk patients with NSTI on admission. The objectives of this study are to evaluate inflammatory and vasoactive biomarkers as prognostic markers of severity and mortality in patients with NSTI and to investigate whether hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is able to modulate these biomarkers. The overall hypothesis is that plasma biomarkers can be used as prognostic markers of severity and mortality in patients with NSTI and that HBOT reduces the inflammatory response.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, observational study being conducted in a tertiary referral centre. Biomarkers will be measured in 114 patients who have been operatively diagnosed with NSTI. On admission, baseline blood values will be obtained. Following surgery and HBOT, daily blood samples for measuring regular inflammatory and vasoactive biomarkers (pentraxin-3, interleukin-6 and nitrite) will be acquired. Samples will be analysed using validated ELISA assays, chemiluminescence and Griess reaction. Clinical data will be obtained during admission in the intensive care unit for a maximum of 7 days. The primary analysis will focus on pentraxin-3, interleukin-6 and nitrite as early markers of disease severity in patients with NSTI.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee of Copenhagen (H-2–2014–071) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (J. no. 30–0900 and J. no. 30–1282). Results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registrationNCT02180906.
Medical benefits in young adulthood: a population-based longitudinal study of health behaviour and mental health in adolescence and later receipt of medical benefits
Authors: Sagatun Åse , Heyerdahl Sonja , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Lien Lars 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the extent to which smoking, alcohol, physical activity and mental health problems in 15–16-year-olds are associated with receipt of medical benefits in young adulthood, after adjustment for confounders.DesignProspective population-based cohort survey linked to national registers.ParticipantsIn the ‘Youth studies’ from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 15 966 10th graders in 6 Norwegian counties answered a health behaviour and mental health questionnaire; 88% were linked to National Insurance Administration Registers (FD-Trygd).Outcome measureTime to receipt of medical benefits, based on FD-Trygd. Follow-up was from age 18 years until participants were aged 22–26 years.MethodWe performed Cox regression analyses to examine the extent to which variations in health behaviour and mental health problems during 10th grade were associated with receipt of medical benefits during follow-up.ResultsDaily smoking at age 15–16 years was associated with a significant increase in hazard of receiving health benefits at follow-up compared with not smoking for boys, HR (95% CI) 1.56 (1.23 to 1.98), and for girls 1.47 (1.12 to 1.93). Physical activity was associated with a decrease in hazard compared with inactivity from 23% to 53% in boys and from 21% to 59% in girls, while use of alcohol showed a mixed pattern. The hazard for benefits use rose with increasing levels of emotional symptoms, peer problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity–inattention problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at 15–16 years among both genders.ConclusionsHealth behaviour and mental health problems in adolescence are independent risk factors for receipt of medical benefits in young adulthood.