bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of Calcareous Nannofossils in the
Greenhorn Marine Cycle
Authors: Watkins David K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Preliminary biostratigraphic investigation of the Greenhorn Limestone at Pueblo, Colorado indicates that the Lincoln, Hartland, and lower Bridge Creek members are part of the Lithraphidites acutum calcareous nannofossil Zone. The middle and upper part of the Bridge Creek Member is assigned to the Quadrum gartneri Zone. Subdivision of these zones is difficult due to the scarcity of several biostratigraphically important taxa. Biohorizons based on secondary taxa do, however, offer promise for intrabasinal and intercontinental correlation.
Paleobiogeographic analysis using three time-slices across the basin suggests that fresh-water influx from the basin margins was an important factor in restricting nannofossil occurrence and diversity during the initial stages of the invasion of oceanic surface water masses into the basin (middle Cenomanian). By maximum transgression, however, the effects of fresh-water influx appear to be minimal in the eastern and central portions of the basin.
Isotopic and Sedimentological Study of the Lower Niobrara Formation,
Lyons, Colorado
Authors: Pratt Lisa M. , Barlow Lisa K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Samples of the Fort Hays Limestone and lower Smoky Hill Shale Members of the Niobrara Formation were collected from a quarry in Lyons, Colorado. Studies of levels of bioturbation, organic carbon content, carbonate carbon content, and isotopic composition of whole-rock carbonate and inoceramid bivalve shells indicate significant variation in most of these properties through this interval. The oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of whole-rock carbonate are relatively constant and unusually negative, reflecting the largely recrystallized nature of the fine-grained constituents and a locally elevated thermal history. These factors were of less influence on inoceramid bivalve shells, which appear to have retained isotopic compositions close to primary values. From the uppermost part of the shale and limestone unit through the basal part of the lower limestone unit of the Smoky Hill, there is a marked change in paleoenvironmental conditions indicated by a decrease in extent of bioturbation, increase in organic carbon content, and decrease in oxygen isotopic values of inoceramids. These nearly synchronous changes suggest increasing influence of riverine water and decreasing benthic circulation in the Western Interior seaway during deposition of these rocks.
Effect of Osteonecrosis Intervention Rod Versus Core Decompression Using Multiple Small Drill Holes on Early Stages of Necrosis of the Femoral Head: A Prospective Study on a Series of 60 Patients with a Minimum 1-Year-Follow-Up
Authors: Miao Haixiong , Ye Dongping , Liang Weiguo , Yao Yicun 
Published: May 2015

Introduction:

The conventional CD used 10 mm drill holes associated with a lack of structural support. Thus, alternative methods such as a tantalum implant, small drill holes, and biological treatment were developed to prevent deterioration of the joint. The treatment of CD by multiple 3.2 mm drill holes could reduce the femoral neck fracture and partial weight bearing was allowed. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of osteonecrosis intervention rod versus core decompression using multiple small drill holes on early stages of necrosis of the femoral head.

Method: From January 2011 to January 2012, 60 patients undergoing surgery for osteonecrosis with core decompression were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on the type of core decompression used: (1) a total of 30 osteonecrosis patients (with 16 hips on Steinburg stageⅠ,20 hips on Steinburg stageⅡ) were treated with a porous tantalum rod insertion. The diameter of the drill hole for the intervention rod was 10mm.(2) a total of 30 osteonecrosis patients (with 14 hips on Steinburg stageⅠ,20 hips on Steinburg stageⅡ) were treated with core decompression using five drill holes on the lateral femur, the diameter of the hole was 3.2 mm. The average age of the patient was 32.6 years (20-45 years) and the average time of follow-up was 25.6 months (12- 28 months) in the rod implanted group. The average age of the patient was 35.2 years (22- 43 years) and the average time of follow-up was 26.3 months (12-28 months) in the small drill holes group.

Results:

The average of surgical time was 40 min, and the mean volume of blood loss was 30 ml in both surgical groups. The average of Harris score was improved from 56.2 ± 7.1 preoperative to 80.2 ± 11.4 at the last follow-up in the rod implanted group (p < 0.05). The mean Harris score was improved from 53.8 ± 6.6 preoperative to 79.7 ± 13.2 at the last follow-up in the small drill holes group (p<0. 05). No significant difference was observed in Harris score between the two groups. At the last follow-up, 28 of 36 hips were at the same radiographic stages as pre-operation, and 8 deteriorated in the rod implanted group. 26 of 34 hips were at the same radiographic stage as pre-operation, and 8 deteriorated in the small drill holes group. No significant difference was observed in radiographic stage between the two groups. There was no favourable result on the outcome of a tantalum intervention implant compared to multiple small drill holes.

Discussion:

CD via multiple small drill holes would allow similar postoperative load-bearing and seems to result in similar or even better clinical outcome without the prolonged implantation of an expensive tantalum implant. A tantalum rod intervention and core decompression using multiple small drill holes were effective on the stage I hips rather than stage II hips.
Depressive Symptoms in a Trial Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Change
Authors: Riley Andrew R. , Duke Danny C. , Freeman Kurt A. , Hood Korey K. , Harris Michael A. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE
The objective was to test whether Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D), an evidence-based family therapy, produces individual changes in depressive symptoms for adolescents with type 1 diabetes in suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥9.0% [≥74.9 mmol/mol]).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing two modes of BFST-D delivery: in clinic versus Internet videoconferencing. There were no significant differences between groups in the RCT, so groups were collapsed into a within-group prepost design for secondary analyses. A multiple regression analysis was performed to test for mediation of treatment outcomes by changes in family processes.

RESULTS
Significant improvements in glycemic control, depressive symptoms, and family functioning were found from pre- to posttreatment. A multiple regression analysis for within-subject mediation indicated that improvements in depressive symptoms were partially mediated by improvements in parent-youth conflict; however, family process changes did not mediate diabetes health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In addition to improving treatment adherence and glycemic control, BFST-D has collateral benefits on depressive symptoms.
Low Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Increased Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jha Pranati , Dolan Lawrence M. , Khoury Philip R. , Urbina Elaine M. , Kimball Thomas R. , Shah Amy S. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE
Adult studies demonstrate that low vitamin D (25[OH]D) is an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness. Similar studies have not been conducted in youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective was to elicit the association between 25[OH]D and arterial stiffness in obese youth with and without T2DM. We hypothesized that 25[OH]D would be inversely correlated with arterial stiffness indices, including pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and brachial distensibility (BrachD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in Cincinnati, OH, from 2004 to 2010. 25[OH]D, PWV, AIx, and BrachD were measured in 190 youth with T2DM, 190 obese control subjects without T2DM, and 190 lean control subjects without T2DM. Multivariate analyses were conducted to elicit the independent association between 25[OH]D and arterial stiffness indices by group.

RESULTS
The mean age was 17.9 ± 3.4 years, 55% were African American, and 34% were male. The mean 25[OH]D levels were 21.27, 14.29, and 14.13 ng/mL in lean individuals, obese individuals, and obese individuals with T2DM, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). PWV, AIx, and BrachD worsened from lean to obese to T2DM (P &lt; 0.01). General linear models found that 25[OH]D level was independently associated with PWV in lean individuals and with AIx in the group with T2DM such that a 3 ng/mL increase in 25[OH]D was associated with an AIx decrease of 1% (baseline AIx = 5.7 ± 12.0%).

CONCLUSIONS
25[OH]D is inversely associated with some measures of arterial stiffness in lean adolescents and obese adolescents with T2DM but not in obese normoglycemic adolescents. Future studies are needed to determine if supplemental 25[OH]D is important for cardiovascular health.
Quantitative testing in spinal cord injury: overview of reliability and predictive validity
Authors: Boakye Maxwell , Harkema Susan , Ellaway Peter H. , Skelly Andrea C. 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this study was to identify commonly used physiological outcome measures and summarize evidence on the reliability and predictive validity of quantitative measures used in monitoring persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed through January 5, 2012, was conducted to identify publications using common outcome measures in persons with SCI and for studies that were specifically designed to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of selected quantitative measures. Quantitative measures were defined as tests that quantify sensory and motor function, such as amount of force or torque, as well as thresholds, amplitudes, and latencies of evoked potentials that might be useful in studies and monitoring of patients with SCI. Reliability studies reporting interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) or weighted κ coefficients were considered for inclusion. Studies explicitly evaluating correlation between measures and specific functional outcomes were considered for predictive validity.

Results
From a total of 121 potentially relevant citations, 6 studies of reliability and 4 studies of predictive validity for quantitative tests met the inclusion criteria. In persons with incomplete SCI, ICCs for both interrater and intrarater reliability of electrical perceptual threshold (EPT) were ≥ 0.7 above the sensory level of SCI but were less reliable below the sensory level. Interclass correlation coefficients for interrater and intrarater reliability of the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility, and Prehension (GRASSP) components ranged from 0.84 to 0.98. For electromyography, the ICC was consistently high for within-day tests. The overall quality of reliability of the majority of studies was poor, due to the potential for selection bias and small sample sizes. No classic validation studies were found for the selected measures, and evidence regarding the predictive validity of the measures was limited. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) may be correlated with ambulatory capacity, as well as the Barthel Index and motor index scores, but this correlation was limited for evaluation of bladder function recovery in 3 studies that assessed the correlation between baseline or initial SSEPs and a specific clinical outcome at a later follow-up time. All studies used convenience samples and the overall sample quality was low.

Conclusions
Evidence on the reliability and validity of the quantitative measures selected for this review is limited, and the overall quality of existing studies is poor. There is some evidence for the reliability of the EPT, dermatomal SSEPs, and the GRASSP to suggest that they may be useful in longitudinal studies of patients with SCI. There is a need for high quality studies of reliability, responsiveness, and validity for quantitative measures to monitor the level and degree of SCI.
Quantitative and sensitive assessment of neurophysiological status after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Kun , Atkinson Darryn , Boakye Maxwell , Tolfo Carie Z. , Aslan Sevda , Green Matthew , McKay Barry , Ovechkin Alex , Harkema Susan J. 
Published: May 2015

Object
This study was designed to develop an objective and sensitive spinal cord injury (SCI) characterization protocol based on surface electromyography (EMG) activity.

Methods
Twenty-four patients at both acute and chronic time points post-SCI, as well as 4 noninjured volunteers, were assessed using neurophysiological and clinical measures of volitional motor function. The EMG amplitude was recorded from 15 representative muscles bilaterally during standardized maneuvers as a neurophysiological assessment of voluntary motor function. International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examinations were performed as a clinical assessment of lesion severity.

Results
Sixty-six functional neurophysiological assessments were performed in 24 patients with SCI and in 4 neurologically intact individuals. The collected EMG data were organized by quantitative parameters and statistically analyzed. The correlation between root mean square (RMS) of the EMG signals and ISNCSCI motor score was confirmed by Kendall correlation analysis. The Kendall correlation value between overall muscles/levels, motor scores, and the RMS of the EMG data is 0.85, with the 95% CI falling into the range of 0.76–0.95. Significant correlations were also observed for the soleus (0.51 [0.28–0.74]), tibialis anterior (TA) (0.53 [0.33–0.73]), tricep (0.52, [0.34–0.70]), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) (0.80 [0.42–1.00]) muscles. Comparisons of RMS EMG values in groups defined by ISNCSCI motor score further confirmed these results. At the bicep and ECR, patients with motor scores of 5 had nearly significantly higher RMS EMG values than patients with motor scores of 0 (p = 0.059 and 0.052, respectively). At the soleus and TA, the RMS of the EMG value was significantly higher (p < 0.01) for patients with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale motor scores of 5 than for those with ISNCSCI motor scores of 0. Those with C-7 ISNCSCI motor scores of 5 had significantly higher RMS EMG values at the tricep than those with motor scores of 4 (p = 0.008) and 0 (p = 0.02). Results also show that surface EMG signals recorded from trunk muscles allowed the examiner to pick up subclinical changes, even though no ISNCSCI scores were given.

Conclusions
Surface EMG signal is suitable for objective neurological SCI characterization protocol design. The quantifiable features of surface EMG may increase SCI characterization resolution by adding subclinical details to the clinical picture of lesion severity and distribution.
Reconstructing thermal properties of firn at Summit, Greenland, from a temperature profile time series
Authors: Giese Alexandra L. , Hawley Robert L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have constrained the value for thermal diffusivity of near-surface snow and firn at Summit Station, Greenland, using a Fourier-type analysis applied to hourly temperature measurements collected from eight thermistors in a closed-off, air-filled borehole between May 2004 and July 2008. An implicit, finite-difference method suggests that a bulk diffusivity of ∼25 ± 3m2a−1is the most reasonable for representing macroscale heat transport in the top 30 m of firn and snow. This value represents an average diffusivity and, in a conduction-only model, generates temperature series whose phase shifts with depth most closely match those of the Summit borehole data (rms difference between measurements and model output is ∼6 days). This bulk value, derived numerically and corroborated analytically, is useful over large tracts of the Greenland ice sheet where density and microstructure are unknown.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Flierl Michael A. , Messina Michael J. , Mitchell Justin J. , Hogan Craig , D’Ambrosia Robert 
Published: May 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Review current commonly used anticoagulant options after total joint arthroplasty.

2.
Analyze the current American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Chest Physicians, and Surgical Care Improvement Project guidelines for perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty.

3.
Critically evaluate the history and most recent changes related to the current guidelines for VTE prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty.

4.
Make an informed decision on which VTE prophylaxis to use based on patient-specific factors in daily practice.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty is considered best practice. However, over the past 5 years, there has been considerable debate about the ideal prophylactic regimen or modality. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American College of Chest Physicians published their most recent clinical practice guidelines about VTE prophylaxis in 2011 and 2012, respectively. In addition, the Surgical Care Improvement Project published their latest recommendations in 2014. In this review, commonly used VTE prophylaxis options and the latest clinical guidelines will be discussed. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(4):252–263.]
Diversity of Nursing Student Views About Simulation Design: A Q-Methodological Study
Authors: Paige Jane B. , Morin Karen H. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Education of future nurses benefits from well-designed simulation activities. Skillful teaching with simulation requires educators to be constantly aware of how students experience learning and perceive educators’ actions. Because revision of simulation activities considers feedback elicited from students, it is crucial to understand the perspective from which students base their response.

Method:
In a Q-methodological approach, 45 nursing students rank-ordered 60 opinion statements about simulation design into a distribution grid.

Results:
Factor analysis revealed that nursing students hold five distinct and uniquely personal perspectives—Let Me Show You, Stand By Me, The Agony of Defeat, Let Me Think It Through, and I’m Engaging and So Should You.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that nurse educators need to reaffirm that students clearly understand the purpose of each simulation activity. Nurse educators should incorporate presimulation assignments to optimize learning and help allay anxiety. The five perspectives discovered in this study can serve as a tool to discern individual students’ learning needs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):249–260.]
First-Year Nursing Students—Developing Relational Caring Practice Through Inquiry
Authors: Spadoni Michelle , Doane Gweneth Hartrick , Sevean Patricia , Poole Karen 
Published: May 2015

Background:
In the current chaotic health care milieu, it is a challenge to create learning environments that support students to become respectful and community-engaged practitioners who are able to care for self and others. Aesthetic and transformative learning approaches foster students to develop caring attributes.

Method:
Using relational inquiry and the general principles of transformative learning theory, an aesthetic curriculum project for first-year nursing students exploring the interrelatedness of self, other, and caring was developed and evaluated by nursing faculty.

Results:
Students’ in-the-moment experiences of transitioning into nursing school were enlisted to (a) open the space for deeper learning, (b) support the development of relational caring practice, and (c) foster personal and professional transformations.

Conclusion:

Aesthetic learning opportunities create experiential moments, where novice students can begin to explore the interconnectedness of self, other, and caring as it relates to their being and becoming a nurse. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):270–275.]
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Real-Time Feedback on the Bedside Hand Hygiene Behaviors of Nursing Students
Authors: Ott Lora K. , Irani Vida R. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Traditional hand hygiene teaching methods lack long-term effectiveness.

Method:

A longitudinal, within-subject design explored the influence of real-time hand microbe feedback and a critical-thinking decision exercise on nursing student hand hygiene behaviors. In three community hospitals, the students’ (
n
= 68) hand swabs were tested for normal flora, methicillin-resistant S
taphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
at three time points. Students completed the Partnering to Heal (PTH) online exercise on hospital-acquired infection prevention decisions.

Results:
Normal flora colony counts decreased across the semester and MRSA-positive cultures increased in frequency and colony counts. MRSA-positive cultures were not associated with caring for patients in isolation precautions. Significantly higher colony counts were noted in the students who completed the PTH than those who did not complete the PTH.

Conclusion:

This study explores innovative pedagogy bringing the nonvisible microbial risk to the consciousness of nursing students in an attempt to change hand hygiene behaviors. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):286–289.]
Establishment of a Short-Term Global Health Nursing Education Experience: Impact on Students’ Ways of Knowing
Authors: Wagner Linda D. , Christensen Stacy E. 
Published: May 2015

Background:

The
Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing
recognizes that with the increased globalization of health care, professional nurses have to be prepared to practice in multicultural environments and must possess the skills needed to provide culturally competent care.

Method:
Thirty-five baccalaureate nursing students participated in a short-term course abroad to Jamaica over a period of 3 years. The impact of such an experience on ways of knowing was assessed in 20 participants, using a visual analog scale.

Results:
Students believed that the short-term course abroad experience had a positive impact on their personal knowing and that they developed an understanding of a health care system different from their own, while reflecting on issues of social justice.

Conclusion:

Results provide evidence of the positive impact on short-term course abroad trips on students’ ways of knowing. Critical to establishment of these experiences is evaluation of their merit through documentation of student learning outcomes. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):295–299.]
1759 metų Ziwato įvardžiuotiniai būdvardžiai
Authors: Vaičiakauskienė Sonata 
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje tiriami geriausio XVIII a. šiaurės žemaičių kretingiškių patarmės rašytinio šaltinio – 1759 m. <i>Ziwato</i> – įvardžiuotiniai būdvardžiai (1). Darbe siekiama išanalizuoti ir pateikti sinchroninį 1759 m. <i>Ziwato</i> teksto įvardžiuotinių būdvardžių linksniavimą ir jų raidą. Tyrimo duomenys lyginami su šiaurės žemaičių kretingiškių patarmės duomenimis. Vidinės rekonstrukcijos ir lyginamasis metodai leido rekonstruoti XVIII a. šiaurės žemaičių kretingiškių patarmės įvardžiuotinių būdvardžių linksniavimo paradigmą, išryškinti tiriamų formų morfologines ypatybes, kitimo tendencijas.
Būdvardžio kamienų kaitos tendencijos XIX a. raštuose rytų aukštaičių patarme
Authors: Rinkauskienė Regina 
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje gilinamasi į XIX a. raštų, parašytų rytų aukštaičių patarme, morfologiją. Apžvelgiama keleto to meto raštijos atstovų – Mykolo Cerausko, Lauryno Bortkevičiaus, Henriko Balevičiaus, Mykolo Smolskio, Tado Lichodzejausko, Kazimiero Michnevičiaus-Mikėno, Antano Kitkevičiaus, Andriaus Benedikto Klungio – religinių tekstų kalba. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas būdvardžio morfologijai. Aptariamos tiek paprastųjų, tiek įvardžiuotinių būdvardžių kamienų kaitos tendencijos, apžvelgiamos archajiškos būdvardžių formos. Pastebėta, kad daugelis būdvardžių kamienų svyravimų būdingi ir šiandieninei rytų aukštaičių patarmei.