bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical and morphological properties of roots on fracture resistance
Authors: Ertas Huseyin , Sagsen Burak , Arslan Hakan , Er Ozgur , Ertas Elif Tarim 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how physical and morphological properties affect the fracture resistance of roots, and which criteria are important for root specimen standardization in fracture resistance studies. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five freshly extracted human canine teeth were selected. Crowns were sectioned from the cement–enamel junction and the root lengths were set at 16 mm. Then they were prepared up to ProTaper F3 file. Each root was numbered and data were obtained by measuring mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, volume, weight, and density. Tests for fracture strength were performed using an Instron Testing Machine (Instron Corp. MA, USA). The force was applied axially, angled at 45 degrees with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each sample, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. Results were evaluated statistically using linear regression analysis. Results: Volume and weight of the roots had more effect than mesiodistal or buccolingual dimensions on root fracture resistance. Conclusions: In root fracture resistance studies, volume or weight of the roots must be standardized when distributing roots to groups.
Forced eruption and implant site development in the aesthetic zone: A case report
Authors: Keceli Huseyin Gencay , Guncu Mustafa Baris , Atalay Zeynep , Evginer Mustafa Serdar 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA multidisciplinary approach to develop the future implant site in the aesthetic zone was illustrated. A patient with perio-endo combined lesion at her upper central incisors was treated. Before extraction, forced eruption was performed and 12 months later, satisfactory amount of bone apposition was detected. At 2 weeks after atraumatic extraction, implants were placed and loaded with implant-supported restorations following osseous healing. Variables related to crown dimensions, periodontal/peri-implanter soft-tissue health and patient's aesthetic satisfaction were recorded at baseline, before extraction and after prosthetic treatment. At 12-month control, crown dimensions in the implant site were identical to the baseline and in addition to the healthy peri-implant tissues, successful aesthetics were obtained. Forced eruption is a successful non-invasive method to develop the aesthetics of the peri-implant tissues and implant-supported restorations.
Treatment of a skeletal Class II malocclusion using fixed functional appliance with miniplate anchorage
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Unal Tuba , Bayram Mehmet , Candirli Celal 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBased on our literature search, we found that the use of miniplate anchorage with Forsus fatigue-resistance device (FRD) has not yet been reported. Therefore, the aim of the present case report was to present the treatment of a patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion using Forsus FRD with miniplate anchorage. Fixed appliances with 0.022-inch slots were attached to the maxillary teeth and after 8 months of the leveling and alignment of the upper arch, 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire was inserted and cinched back. Two weeks after the placement of the miniplates bilaterally at the symphysis of the mandible, Forsus FRD was adjusted to the miniplates with a 35-mm length of rod chosen. Nine months after the skeletal anchored Forsus worn, Class I canine and molar relations were achieved and overjet was eliminated.
Clinic Design, Key Practice Metrics, and Resident Satisfaction in Internal Medicine Continuity Clinics: Findings of the Educational Innovations Project Ambulatory Collaborative
Authors: Francis Maureen D. , Thomas Kris , Langan Michael , Smith Amy , Drake Sean , Gwisdalla Keri Lyn , Jones Ronald R. , Julian Katherine A. , Nabors Christopher , Pereira Anne , Rosenblum Michael , Varney Andrew , Warm Eric , Ortiz Melchor 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundInternal medicine programs are redesigning ambulatory training to improve the resident experience and answer the challenges of conflicting clinical responsibilities. However, little is known about the effect of clinic redesign on residents' satisfaction.ObjectiveWe assessed residents' satisfaction with different resident continuity clinic models in programs participating in the Educational Innovations Project Ambulatory Collaborative (EPAC).MethodsA total of 713 internal medicine residents from 12 institutions in the EPAC participated in this cross-sectional study. Each program completed a detailed curriculum questionnaire and tracked practice metrics for participating residents. Residents completed a 3-part satisfaction survey based on the Veterans Affairs Learners' Perception Survey, with additional questions addressing residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship and conflicting duties across care settings.ResultsThree clinic models were identified: traditional weekly experience, combination model with weekly experience plus concentrated ambulatory rotations, and a block model with distinct inpatient and ambulatory blocks. The satisfaction survey showed block models had less conflict between inpatient and outpatient duties than traditional and combination models. Residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship was higher in combination models. In secondary analyses, the continuity for physician measure was correlated with residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship. Panel size and workload did not have an effect on residents' overall personal experience.ConclusionsBlock models successfully minimize conflict across care settings without sacrificing overall resident satisfaction or resident perception of the continuous healing relationship. However, resident perception of the continuous healing relationship was higher in combination models.
A Multicenter Study of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act and the Standardized Letter of Recommendation: Impact on Emergency Medicine Residency Applicant and Faculty Behaviors
Authors: Diab Jessica , Riley Stephanie , Downes Andrew , Gaeta Theodore , Hern H. Gene , Hwang Eric , Kass Lawrence , Kelly Michael , Luber Samuel D. , Martel Marc , Minns Alicia , Patterson Leigh , Pazderka Philip , Sayan Osman , Thurman Jason , Vallee Phyllis , Overton David 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Residency applicants have the right to see letters of recommendation written on their behalf. It is not known whether applicants are affected by waiving this right.

Objectives
Our multicenter study assessed how frequently residency applicants waived their FERPA rights to view their letters of recommendation, and whether this affected the ratings they were given by faculty.

Methods
We reviewed all ERAS-submitted letters of recommendation to 14 ACGME-accredited programs in 2006–2007. We collected ERAS ID, program name, FERPA declaration, standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) use, and SLOR Global Assessment ranking. The percentage of applicants who waived their FERPA rights was determined. Chi-square tests of independence assessed whether applicants' decision to waive their FERPA rights was associated with their SLOR Global Assessment.

Results
We examined 1776 applications containing 6424 letters of recommendations. Of 2736 letters that specified a Global Assessment, 2550 (93%) applicants waived their FERPA rights, while 186 did not. Of the applicants who chose not to waive their rights, 45.6% received a ranking of Outstanding, 35.5% Excellent, 18.3% Very Good, and 1.6% Good. Of applicants who waived their FERPA rights, 35.1% received a ranking of Outstanding, 49.6% Excellent, 13.7% Very Good, and 1.6% Good. Applicants who did not waive their FERPA rights were more likely to receive an Outstanding Assessment (P  =  .003).

Conclusions
The majority (93%) of residency applicants waived their FERPA rights. Those who did not waive their rights had a statistically higher chance of receiving an Outstanding Assessment than those who did.
Ambulatory Training for Primary Care General Internists: Innovation With the Affordable Care Act in Mind
Authors: Rieselbach Richard E. , Feldstein David A. , Lee Patrick T. , Nasca Thomas J. , Rockey Paul H. , Steinmann Alwin F. , Stone Valerie E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Although primary care general internists (PCGIs) are essential to the physician workforce and the success of the Affordable Care Act, they are becoming an endangered species.

Objective
We describe an expanded program to educate PCGIs to meet the needs of a reformed health care system and detail the competencies PCGIs will need for their roles in team-based care.

Intervention
We recommended 5 initiatives to stabilize and expand the PCGI workforce: (1) caring for a defined patient population, (2) leading and serving as members of multidisciplinary health care teams, (3) participating in a medical neighborhood, (4) improving capacity for serving complex patients in group practices and accountable care organizations, and (5) finding an academic role for PCGIs, including clinical, population health, and health services research. A revamped approach to PCGI education based in teaching health centers formed by community health center and academic medical center partnerships would facilitate these curricular innovations.

Anticipated Outcomes
New approaches to primary care education would include multispecialty group practices facilitated by electronic consultation and clinical decision-support systems provided by the academic medical center partner. Multiprofessional and multidisciplinary education would prepare PCGI trainees with relevant skills for 21st century practice. The centers would also serve as sites for state and federal Medicaid graduate medical education (GME) expansion funding, making this funding more accountable to national health workforce priorities.

Conclusions
The proposed innovative approach to PCGI training would provide an innovative educational environment, enhance general internist recruitment, provide team-based care for underserved patients, and ensure accountability of GME funds.
Patterns of Change in ACGME-Accredited Residency Programs and Positions: Implication for the Adequacy of GME Positions and Supply of Physicians in the United States
Authors: Holt Kathleen D. , Miller Rebecca S. , Philibert Ingrid , Nasca Thomas J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Recent studies suggest that the supply of primary care physicians and generalist physicians in other specialties may be inadequate to meet the needs of the US population. Data on the numbers and types of physicians-in-training, such as those collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), can be used to help understand variables affecting this supply.

Objective
We assessed trends in the number and type of medical school graduates entering accredited residencies, and the impact those trends could have on the future physician workforce.

Methods
Since 2004, the ACGME has published annually its data on accredited institutions, programs, and residents to help the graduate medical education community understand major trends in residency education, and to help guide graduate medical education policy. We present key results and trends for the period between academic years 2003–2004 and 2012–2013.

Results
The data show that increases in trainees in accredited programs are not uniform across specialties, or the types of medical school from which trainees graduated. In the past 10 years, the growth in residents entering training that culminates in initial board certification (“pipeline” specialties) was 13.0%, the number of trainees entering subspecialty education increased 39.9%. In the past 5 years, there has been a 25.8% increase in the number of osteopathic physicians entering allopathic programs.

Conclusions
These trends portend challenges in absorbing the increasing numbers of allopathic and osteopathic graduates, and US international graduates in accredited programs. The increasing trend in subspecialization appears at odds with the current understanding of the need for generalist physicians.
John Lydgate and the Curse of Genius
Authors: VIERECK STEPHANIE A. , KAMATH GIBBS 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Few Middle English scholars are now content to view Chaucer’s dominance over his fifteenth-century successors as effected in some magical way by the sheer force of his genius. Nevertheless, we still lack the conceptual tools to produce a convincing alternative.
—Larry Scanlon
Of my prest called Genivs . . . . . . thou shalt fynde hyt thus: Th at his power is Auctorised And throgh the world eke solemnysed.
John Lydgate,
Reson and Sensuallyte (863-66)
“Withyn a temple ymad of glas”: Glazing, Glossing, and Patronage in Chaucer’sHouse of Fame
Authors: COLEY DAVID K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnd for my part, I can remembre weell, Whan I gladdest in that fresshe sesoun, Lyke brotyl glasse, not stable, nor lyk stell, Fer out of harre, wilde of condicioun, Ful geryssh, and voyde of all resoun, Lyk a phane, ay turnyng to and fro, Or like an orloge whan the peys is goo.—John LydgateThe Testament of Dan John LydgateBut as I slepte, me mette I was Withyn a temple ymad of glas.—Geoffrey ChaucerHouse of Fame
Analyse critique de la littérature scientifique portant sur l’innovation dans le secteur public : bilan et perspectives de recherche prometteuses
Authors: Touati Nassera , Denis Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2014

Cet article se propose de synthétiser l’état des connaissances sur l’innovation dans le secteur public en se centrant sur trois questions de recherche : la diffusion et l’adoption des innovations, leur génération et leur implantation. Les études ayant choisi une approche dite de variance se sont essentiellement intéressées à la question de l’adoption des innovations. Ce courant de recherche cherche à mettre en évidence les facteurs influençant l’adoption des innovations. Les enseignements tirés de ces travaux sont souvent contradictoires en raison des liens complexes entre variables. Les études ayant choisi une approche processuelle offrent une interprétation plus riche des processus d’innovation en étudiant les interactions dynamiques entre l’innovation et le contexte. Cela dit, selon les visions théoriques mobilisées, les travaux existants ont surtout insisté sur les enjeux de nature politique; peu de travaux ont porté sur les enjeux d’apprentissage, d’où l’intérêt de développer un agenda de recherche sur ces enjeux, en s’intéressant également aux enjeux d’ancrage des innovations. Enfin, il s’agirait aussi de s’attarder sur les innovations complexes qui impliquent plusieurs organisations interdépendantes.
L’innovation au sein des entreprises et du gouvernement : se tourner vers l’avenir
Authors: Borins Sandford 
Published: April 2014

Cet article traite des effets de la mise en oeuvre des deux politiques les plus tentaculaires des cinq dernières années – la stimulation économique en réponse à la crise économique mondiale et l’austérité en vue de réduire les déficits gouvernementaux – sur l’innovation dans le secteur public. L’immédiateté que suppose la stimulation économique a limité la capacité des fonds de relance à soutenir l’innovation dans le secteur public. L’austérité a un effet mixte : une impulsion positive à trouver de nouveaux mécanismes de prestation de services, mais un impact négatif en raison d’une réduction de la marge de manoeuvre utilisée pour soutenir l’innovation. Cet article présente également les résultats d’une étude sur les demandes déposées aux Innovations in American Government Awards 2010. Les résultats montrent une hausse pour des partenariats interorganisationnels, dont les partenariats de cofinancement, comparativement à il y a deux décennies.
Recombineering: Genetic Engineering in Bacteria Using Homologous Recombination
Authors: Thomason Lynn C. , Sawitzke James A. , Li Xintian , Costantino Nina , Court Donald L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids can be engineered in vivo by homologous recombination using PCR products and synthetic oligonucleotides as substrates. This is possible because bacteriophage‐encoded recombination proteins efficiently recombine sequences with homologies as short as 35 to 50 bases. Recombineering allows DNA sequences to be inserted or deleted without regard to location of restriction sites. This unit first describes preparation of electrocompetent cells expressing the recombineering functions and their transformation with dsDNA or ssDNA. It then presents support protocols that describe several two‐step selection/counter‐selection methods of making genetic alterations without leaving any unwanted changes in the targeted DNA, and a method for retrieving onto a plasmid a genetic marker (cloning by retrieval) from the Escherichia coli chromosome or a co‐electroporated DNA fragment. Additional protocols describe methods to screen for unselected mutations, removal of the defective prophage from recombineering strains, and other useful techniques. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 106:1.16.1‐1.16.39. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Eradication of Mycoplasma Contaminations from Cell Cultures
Authors: Uphoff Cord C. , Drexler Hans G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMycoplasma contaminations have a multitude of effects on cultured cell lines that may influence the results of experiments or pollute bioactive substances isolated from the eukaryotic cells. The elimination of mycoplasma contaminations from cell cultures with antibiotics has been proven to be a practical alternative to discarding and re‐establishing important or irreplaceable cell lines. Different fluoroquinolones, tetracyclins, pleuromutilins, and macrolides shown to have strong anti‐mycoplasma properties are employed for the decontamination. These antibiotics are applied as single treatments, as combination treatment of two antibiotics in parallel or successively, or in combination with a surface‐active peptide to enhance the action of the antibiotic. The protocols in this unit allow eradication of mycoplasmas, prevention of the development of resistant mycoplasma strains, and potential cure of heavily contaminated and damaged cells. Consistent and permanent alterations to eukaryotic cells attributable to the treatment have not been demonstrated. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 106:28.5.1‐28.5.12. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment and applications of NASA ozone data products derived from Aura OMI/MLS satellite measurements in context of the GMI chemical transport model
Authors: Ziemke J. R. , Olsen M. A. , Witte J. C. , Douglass A. R. , Strahan S. E. , Wargan K. , Liu X. , Schoeberl M. R. , Yang K. , Kaplan T. B. , Pawson S. , Duncan B. N. , Newman P. A. , Bhartia P. K. , Heney M. K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMeasurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), both on board the Aura spacecraft, have been used to produce daily global maps of column and profile ozone since August 2004. Here we compare and evaluate three strategies to obtain daily maps of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone from OMI and MLS measurements: trajectory mapping, direct profile retrieval, and data assimilation. Evaluation is based on an assessment that includes validation using ozonesondes and comparisons with the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model. We investigate applications of the three ozone data products from near‐decadal and interannual time scales to day‐to‐day case studies. Interannual changes in zonal mean tropospheric ozone from all of the products in any latitude range are of the order 1–2 Dobson units while changes (increases) over the 8 year Aura record investigated vary by 2–4 Dobson units. It is demonstrated that all of the ozone products can measure and monitor exceptional tropospheric ozone events including major forest fire and pollution transport events. Stratospheric ozone during the Aura record has several anomalous interannual events including split stratospheric warmings in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics that are well captured using the data assimilation ozone profile product. Data assimilation with continuous daily global coverage and vertical ozone profile information is the best of the three strategies at generating a global tropospheric and stratospheric ozone product for science applications.
Quantifying uncertainties of cloud microphysical property retrievals with a perturbation method
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Xie Shaocheng , Chen Xiao , Jensen Michael P. , Dunn Maureen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractQuantifying the uncertainty of cloud retrievals is an emerging topic important for both cloud process studies and modeling studies. This paper presents a general approach to estimate uncertainties in ground‐based retrievals of cloud properties. This approach, called the perturbation method, quantifies the cloud retrieval uncertainties by perturbing the cloud retrieval influential factors (like inputs and parameters) within their error ranges. The error ranges for the cloud retrieval inputs and parameters are determined by either instrument limitations or comparisons against aircraft observations. With the knowledge from observations and the retrieval algorithms, the perturbation method can provide an estimate of the cloud retrieval uncertainties, regardless of the complexity (like nonlinearity) of the retrieval algorithm. The relative contribution to the uncertainties of retrieved cloud properties from the inputs, assumptions, and parameterizations can also be assessed with this perturbation method. As an example, we apply this approach to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program baseline retrieval, MICROBASE. Only nonprecipitating single‐phase (liquid or ice) clouds have been examined in this study. Results reveal that different influential factors play the dominant contributing role to the uncertainties of different cloud properties. To reduce uncertainties in cloud retrievals, future efforts should be emphasized on the major contributing factors for considered cloud properties. This study also shows high sensitivity of cloud retrieval uncertainties to different cloud types, with the largest uncertainties for deep convective clouds. Limitations and further efforts for this uncertainty quantification method are discussed.
Wave heights in the 21st century Arctic Ocean simulated with a regional climate model
Authors: Khon V. C. , Mokhov I. I. , Pogarskiy F. A. , Babanin A. , Dethloff K. , Rinke A. , Matthes H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhile wave heights globally have been growing over recent decades, observations of their regional trends vary. Simulations of future wave climate can be achieved by coupling wave and climate models. At present, wave heights and their future trends in the Arctic Ocean remain unknown. We use the third‐generation wave forecast model WAVEWATCH‐III forced by winds and sea ice concentration produced within the regional model HIRHAM, under the anthropogenic scenario SRES‐A1B. We find that significant wave height and its extremes will increase over different inner Arctic areas due to reduction of sea ice cover and regional wind intensification in the 21st century. The opposite tendency, with a slight reduction in wave height appears for the Atlantic sector and the Barents Sea. Our results demonstrate the complex wave response in the Arctic Ocean to a combined effect of wind and sea ice forcings in a climate‐change scenario during the 21st century.