bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crinoids from Svalbard in the aftermath of the end−Permian mass extinction
Authors: Salamon Mariusz A. , Gorzelak Przemysław , Hanken Nils−Martin , Riise Henrik Erevik , Ferré Bruno 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction constituted a major event in the history of crinoids. It led to the demise of the major Paleozoic crinoid groups including cladids, disparids, flexibles and camerates. It is widely accepted that a single lineage, derived from a late Paleozoic cladid ancestor (Ampelocrinidae), survived this mass extinction. Holocrinid crinoids (Holocrinus, Holocrinida) along with recently described genus Baudicrinus (Encrinida), the only crinoid groups known from the Early Triassic, are considered the stem groups for the post-Paleozoic monophyletic subclass Articulata. Here, we report preliminary data on unexpectedly diverse crinoid faunas comprising at least four orders from the Lower Triassic (Induan and Olenekian) of Svalbard, extending their stratigraphic ranges deeper into the early Mesozoic. These findings strongly imply that the recovery of crinoids in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction began much earlier at higher palaeolatitudes than in the central Tethys.
Generative reproduction of Antarctic grasses, the native species Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and the alien species Poa annua L.
Authors: Giełwanowska Irena , Kellmann−Sopyła Wioleta 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe embryology of two species, Deschampsia antarctica, a native species, and Poa annua, an alien species in the Antarctic we studied. Flowering buds of plants growing in their natural habitats on King George Island and generative tissues of both plant species grown in a greenhouse were analyzed. Adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were observed in the flower anatomy of both species. The microsporangia of the evaluated grasses produce a small number of three−celled pollen grains. Numerous pollen grains do not leave the microsporangium and germinate in the thecae. Deschampsia antarctica and P. annua plants harvested in Antarctica developed a particularly small number of microspores in pollen chambers. In D. antarctica, male gametophytes were produced at a faster rate: generative cells in pollen did not become detached from the wall of the pollen grain, they were not embedded in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells, and they divided into two sperm cells situated close to the wall. The monosporous Polygonum type of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had typical polarization, and the filiform apparatus did not develop in synergids. Large antipodals with polyploidal nuclei were formed in the embryo sacs of D. antarctica and P. annua. Poa annua was characterized by numerous antipodal cells which formed antipodal tissue in the chalazal region of the embryo sac. Three distinct antipodals with atypical, lateral position in the vicinity of the egg apparatus were observed in D. antarctica. The diaspores of the investigated grass species were characterized by small size, low weight and species-specific primary and secondary sculpture of the testa and caryopsis coat.
Specificity of Metabolic Syndrome Model Reproduction at Pubertal and Adult Male Rats
Authors: Bondarenko Larysa Borysivna , Karatzuba Tetiana Anatoliyvna , Shayakhmetova Ganna Mykhaylivna , Voronina Alla Kostiantynivna , Matvienko Anatoliy Vasilievych , Strelkov Ievgen Valentinovych , Kovalenko Valentina Mykolayvna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background and Aims: Comparative estimation of metabolic syndrome (MS) mediated changes of blood, cardio-vascular system, liver, pancreas and kidneys morphologic structure in adult and pubertal rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats of two age categories (young animals of 21 days age (50-70g) and adults (160-180g)) were divided into 4 groups (8 animals in each): 1 - Control 1 (intact young rats); 2 - Control 2 (intact adult rats); 3 - MS3 (young rats with MS) and 4 - MS4 (adult rats with MS). The metabolic syndrome model was induced by full replacement of drinking water with 20% fructose solution (200g/l). After 60 days of MS modeling, determination of rat hematological and serum biochemical parameters, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, liver rates of lipid peroxydation and chromatin DNA fragmentation, as well as morphological macroscopic and microscopic studies were carried out. Results: In pubertal rats, glucose tolerance, hypertension, blood clotting disturbances, DNAfragmentation and lipid peroxydation rates were affected more profoundly, while mature rats showed greater Pseudo Pelger-Huet anomaly development, serum cholesterol and lipoproteins increases, liver and kidney morphology changes. Conclusions: Our current data combined with previous results of other authors allow us to conclude that an animal model (Wistar rats) of MS is quite easily obtained in a full age range, from juvenile to mature rats.
Profiling of proteins and proteases in the products of the salivary gland, digestive tract and excretions from larvae of the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator (Clark)
Authors: Yousef Hesham A. , Afify Amira , Meguid Afaf Abdel , Hassan Hany M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Proteins and proteolytic activities in the contents of the salivary gland (SGc), digestive tract (DTc) and excretory-secretory products (ESP) from larvae of the camel nasal botfly Cephalopina titillator were separated electrophoretically, and characterized. The protein profiles of the different samples were qualitatively quite similar in the larval stages L2 and L3. Zymogram analysis of proteases in the samples indicated that the digestive tract contained a greater variety of proteases than the salivary gland or the excretory-secretory products. They are mainly serine proteases. Proteases of ESP and DTc (especially of 3rd instar) contain trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, while the serine proteases of SGc are not of the trypsin- or chemotrypsin-type.
Synthesis of Azo Polyurethane-Urea and Investigation of its Thermo-Optic Properties
Authors: Chen Caihong , Yang Zhening , Qiu Fengxian , Cao Tianlin , Cao Guorong , Guan Yijun , Yang Dongya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An azo chromophore molecular
S(-)-1,2-bis(4-azophenyl-4-nitro)-ethylenediamine
(OABANEDA) was synthesized with 4-nitroaniline and
S(-)-1,2-diphenyl ethylenediamine by diazo-coupling
reaction. The azo polyurethane-urea (OAAPUU) was obtained from
OABANEDA, polyether diol (NJ-210) and isophorone diisocyanate
(IPDI). The structure of OAAPUU was characterized by the Fourier
transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. The physical and
mechanical properties of OAAPUU were investigated. The refractive
index (n) and transmission loss of OAAPUU film were measured at
different temperatures and different laser wavelengths
(532 nm, 650 nm and 850 nm) by an
attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique and CCD digital imaging
devices. A Y-branch and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI-type)
switches based on thermo-optic effect of OAAPUU film were designed and
simulated. The result showed that the power consumption of the
Y-branch switch and the MZI-type switch could be only
0.52 mW and 1 mW, while the response times of
the two types switches reach about 0.2 ms and
0.01 ms, respectively.
Genomic Instability of the Sex-Determining Locus in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Lubieniecki Krzysztof P , Lin Song , Cabana Emily I , Li Jieying , Lai Yvonne Y Y , Davidson William S 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, like other members of the subfamily Salmoninae, are gonochoristic with male heterogamety. The finding that sex-linked genetic markers varied between species suggested that the sex-determining gene differs among salmonid species, or that there is one sex-determining gene that has the capacity to move around the genome. The discovery of sdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, and its presence in many male salmonids gave support to the latter. Additional evidence for a salmonid-specific, sex-determining jumping gene came from the mapping of the sex-determining locus to three different chromosomes in Tasmanian male Atlantic salmon lineages. To characterize the sex-determining region, we isolated three sdY containing BACs from an Atlantic salmon male library. Sequencing of these BACs yielded two contigs, one of which contained the sdY gene. Sequence analysis of the borders of male-specific and female/male common regions revealed highly repetitive sequences associated with mobile elements, which may allow an sdY cassette to jump around the genome. FISH analysis using a BAC or a plasmid containing the sdY gene showed that the sdY gene did indeed localize to the chromosomes where SEX had been mapped in different Tasmanian Atlantic salmon families. Moreover, the plasmid sdY gene probe hybridized primarily to one of the sex chromosomes as would be expected of a male-specific gene. Our results suggest that a common salmonid sex-determining gene (sdY) can move between three specific loci on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6, giving the impression that there are multiple SEX loci both within and between salmonid species.
Codon and Amino Acid Usage Are Shaped by Selection Across Divergent Model Organisms of the Pancrustacea
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Extavour Cassandra G 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn protein-coding genes, synonymous codon usage and amino acid composition correlate to expression in some eukaryotes, and may result from translational selection. Here, we studied large-scale RNA-seq data from three divergent arthropod models, including cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus), and the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, and tested for optimization of codon and amino acid usage relative to expression level. We report strong signals of AT3 optimal codons (those favored in highly expressed genes) in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, whereas weaker signs of GC3 optimal codons were found in P. hawaiensis, suggesting selection on codon usage in all three organisms. Further, in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, high expression was associated with lowered frequency of amino acids with large size/complexity (S/C) scores in favor of those with intermediate S/C values; thus, selection may favor smaller amino acids while retaining those of moderate size for protein stability or conformation. In P. hawaiensis, highly transcribed genes had elevated frequency of amino acids with large and small S/C scores, suggesting a complex dynamic in this crustacean. In all species, the highly transcribed genes appeared to favor short proteins, high optimal codon usage, specific amino acids, and were preferentially involved in cell-cycling and protein synthesis. Together, based on examination of 1,680,067, 1,667,783, and 1,326,896 codon sites in G. bimaculatus, O. fasciatus, and P. hawaiensis, respectively, we conclude that translational selection shapes codon and amino acid usage in these three Pancrustacean arthropods.
La constitución de naüne (cuerpo) entre los yunatügü (tikuna)
Authors: Santos Angarita Abel Antonio 
Published: September 2015

<p>Los <em>yunatügü </em>(tikuna) perciben a los <em>na </em>(seres) como poseedores de cuatro principios fundamentales: <em>pora </em>(poder), <em>naẽ</em> (pensamiento), <em>maü̃</em> (vitalidad) y <em>kua̰</em> (conocimiento). Para el <em>yuukü</em> (curandero) el cuerpo humano es una red de <em>tü</em> (hilos) de humo de tabaco. Los cuerpos están interconectados con <em>Naane</em> (territorio, cosmos) por intermedio de esos <em>tü,</em> plantados en el cuerpo; mediante ellos las energías positivas y negativas entran y salen del cuerpo, y a través de ellos podemos ser víctimas de los <em>yuukü</em> maléficos y de los <em>ngo̰ogü</em> (espíritus). El cuerpo es un flujo de energía que está en constante reajuste, ligado íntimamente a la organización sociocultural del grupo. Los tikuna deben realizar constantemente acciones y respetar prohibiciones para lograr esos ajustes, lo cuales constituyen relaciones personales y colectivas con los animales, plantas, fenómenos naturales y seres visibles e invisibles<em>.</em> Es ahí que el acto del <em>yuukü</em> funciona como un elemento de mediación para el equilibrio corpóreo individual y social. </p>
El arte de contar y pintar la propia historia
Authors: Jacanamijoy Benjamín 
Published: September 2015

<p>Partiendo de la investigación de los cinturones <em>chumbe</em> tejidos por las mujeres Inga, Benjamín Jacanamijoy inició una exploración de las potencialidades transformacionales del telar de su pueblo, creando nuevas superficies y volúmenes envueltos con diseños. Su experimentación con materiales, colores, formas y texturas conjuga los saberes de las mujeres al pensamiento de los hombres yageceros, haciendo de cada obra un vehículo colorido para viajar por la ciudad contando la propia historia Inga. </p>
Al sonido lo voy convirtiendo en ser
Authors: Yahuarcani Santiago 
Published: September 2015

<p>De niño travieso a pintor de sonidos, el testimonio de Santiago Yahuarcani conmueve por su sentido del humor y su inusitado recorrido. Sus experimentos infantiles solitarios con unos hongos que encontraba en el camino a la chacra de su madre, le sirvieron, años más tarde, de fuente de inspiración para crear nuevas figuras y sustentar a sus propios hijos con la venta de su arte. Nacido con madre uitoto y padre cocama, Santiago siguió, sin saberlo, los pasos de Fídoma, el héroe de la historia oral del clan Aymenu que coloreó todos los seres de la selva. Santiago, coloreó inclusive, sus sonidos. </p>
Implications of Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ashouri Kenan , Mohseni Sophia , Tourtelot John , Sharma Pranav , Spiess Philippe E. 
Published: September 2015

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLS) is a rare hereditary neoplastic disorder caused by mutations in the vhl gene leading to the development of tumors in several organs including the central nervous system, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Manifestations of VHLS can present at different ages based on the affected organ and subclass of disease. In the subclasses of VHLS that cause renal disease, renal involvement typically begins closer to the end of the second decade of life and can present in different ways ranging from simple cystic lesions to solid tumors. Mutations in vhl are most often associated with clear cell renal carcinoma, the most common type of renal cancer, and also play a major role in sporadic cases of clear cell renal carcinoma. The recurrent, multifocal nature of this disease presents difficult challenges in the long-term management of patients with VHLS. Optimization of renal function warrants the use of several different approaches common to the management of renal carcinoma such as nephron-sparing surgery, enucleation, ablation, and targeted therapies. In VHLS, renal lesions of 3 cm or bigger are considered to have metastatic potential and even small lesions often harbor malignancy. Many of the aspects of management revolve around optimizing both oncologic outcome and long-term renal function. As new surgical strategies and targeted therapies develop, the management of this complex disease evolves. This review will discuss the key aspects of the current management of VHLS.
Extreme Neutrophilie bei der Katze – Ätiologie und Prognose
Authors: Bauer N. , Moritz A. , Langenstein J. 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungZiel der retrospektiven Studie war, Ätiologie und prognostische Faktoren einer extremen Neutrophilie bei Katzen zu untersuchen. Methoden: Die Auswertung erstreckte sich auf die Krankenakten von 5 Jahren (Januar 2008 bis Dezember 2013). Einschlusskriterium war eine Neutrophilenzahl von > 40 x 109/l. Es erfolgte eine Einteilung in die vier Gruppen „Entzündung”, „Neoplasie”, „immunvermittelte Erkrankung und „unbekannte Ätiologie”. Ausgewertet wurden die Parameter Vorstellungsgrund, Körperinnentemperatur, Hospitalisierung, Hospitalisierungszeit, Überleben, Linksverschiebung und Toxizität neutrophiler Granulozyten. Ergebnisse: 28/5185 Katzen (0,5%) zeigten eine extreme Neutophilie mit einer medianen Neutrophilenzahl von 48,5 x 109/l (40,0–76,0 x 109/l). Entzündliche Prozesse waren mit 16/28 Fällen (57%) die häufigste Ätiologie, wobei die Peritonitis (5/15 Katzen, 31%) dominierte. In der Gruppe Neoplasie (9/28 Katzen, 32%) lag am häufigsten eine intestinale Neoplasie mit sekundärer Peritonitis vor (4/9 Katzen, 44%). Unbekannte (2/28 Katzen, 7%) und immunvermittelte Erkrankungen (1/28 Katzen, 3,6%) kamen seltener vor. Die häufigsten Vorstellungsgründe waren Mattigkeit, Inappetenz, Fieber und gastrointestinale Symptome. Die Körperinnentemperatur variierte zwischen 33,9 °C und 40,2 °C, wobei 2/24 Katzen (8%) eine Hyperthermie (> 39,3 °C) und 5/24 Katzen (21%) eine Hypothermie (< 38,0 °C) aufwiesen. 21/28 Katzen (75%) wurden über median 5,5 Tage (1–30 Tage) hospitalisiert. Von 24/28 Katzen lag ein manuell angefertigtes Differenzialzellbild vor, wobei in 23/24 Fällen (96%) eine Linksverschiebung und in 21/24 (88%) eine Toxizität neutrophiler Granulozyten nachgewiesen wurde. Der Anteil überlebender Katzen betrug ca. 50% und war in der Gruppe „Neoplasie” geringer als in der Gruppe „Entzündung” (22% vs. 56%, p < 0,0001). Schlussfolgerung: Eine extreme Neutrophilie ist bei der Katze selten. Sie entsteht häufig durch fremdkörperassoziierte Peritonitiden oder rupturierte intestinale Neoplasien (insbesondere intestinales Lymphom) und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Mortalität aus.
Diagnose der kaninen Parvovirus-Infektion
Authors: Proksch A. L. , Hartmann K. 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungDie kanine Parvovirus-Infektion stellt die weltweit häufigste Viruserkrankung beim Hund dar und weist noch immer eine sehr hohe Mortalitätsrate auf. Sie betrifft vor allem Welpen, wenn deren Titer an maternalen Antikörpern abgesunken ist und sich impfinduzierte Antikörper noch nicht entwickelt haben. Eine schnelle und sichere Diagnose ist aus zwei Gründen essenziell, einerseits, um erkrankte Welpen schnell zu erkennen und sie einer intensiven Therapie zu unterziehen, andererseits, um Ausscheider zu identifizieren und eine Verbreitung des Virus zu vermeiden. Zur Diagnosestellung gibt es viele verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Während sich der Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen kanine Parvoviren für die Diagnose nicht eignet, ist der Nachweis der Viren oder ihrer Bestandteile (Antigen, DNA) beweisend. Für diesen direkten Erregernachweis können verschiedene Tests aus kommerziellen Labors wie auch auf ELISA basierende praxistaugliche Schnelltests verwendet werden. Letztgenannte verfügen über eine durchweg exzellente Spezifität, doch liegt die Anzahl falsch negativer Testergebnisse in der Regel sehr hoch, woraus sich Fehldiagnosen ergeben können. Die Polymerasekettenreaktion ist eine sehr sensitive und spezifische Nachweismethode. Sie bietet den weiteren Vorteil, dass durch eine sich anschließende Sequenzierung eine Differenzierung zwischen Impf- und Feldstämmen vorgenommen werden kann.
Assessment of Periodontal and Hygiene Conditions of Removable Partial Dentures in Individuals with Clefts
Authors: Fraga De Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia , Catalani Danilo Tomazzini , Garcia De Oliveira Pedro César , Soares Simone , Tunes Fábio Sanches Magalhães , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana 
Published: September 2015

Objective To assess hygiene conditions in removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to compare the periodontal status between abutment and nonabutment teeth in clefts patients. Design Cross-sectional. Settings Tertiary referral hospital. Participants Forty-five patients of both genders, aged 20 to 75 years, who were upper RPD wearers for at least 2 years, with cleft lip, alveolus, and/or palate who attended follow-up appointments between 2010 and 2012. Interventions The clinical periodontal parameters assessed on abutment teeth (experimental group) and nonabutment teeth (control group) were probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and gingival index (GI). The RPDs were evaluated under the following parameters: hygiene conditions and type of clasp on abutment. Both groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results One hundred sixty-six abutment teeth and 168 nonabutment teeth were evaluated in 45 patients. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups for the CAL parameter ( P = .03). With regard to the prostheses' hygiene conditions through the Tarbet index parameter, of the 186 quadrants evaluated, 143 scored 2 and 3. Ackers' clasps were the most frequent clasps (n = 111). A statistically significant difference was found for the GI parameter ( P = .03). Conclusions It was possible to conclude, in this cross-sectional study, that in general terms, the use of RPDs did not interfere in the periodontal conditions of abutment teeth; however, most prostheses presented poor hygiene and high quantity of dental plaque.
Buenas prácticas de emprendimiento de una institución de educación superior en Celaya, Gto.
Authors: C. Troncoso Patricia , Rojas Eduardo , Diosdado Estrada Pablo , Hurtado Sánchez Tzili F. 
Published: September 2015

Este estudio describe el proceso de fomento al emprendedurismo en una Institución de Educación Superior (IES) de Celaya, Guanajuato. Sedestacan las buenas prácticas del proceso utilizado como: diseñar el contenido de una asignatura en todas las carreas, con énfasis en el desarrollosostenible, incluir materias y actividades que apoyan durante el currí­culo, difusión interna y externa, y vinculación con el sector empresarial y con el gobierno local.
Sistema de valuación salarial para un cabildo municipal en el estado de Guanajuato, en México.
Authors: Mendoza Torres Dra. Christian Paulina , Cuevas Romo Dra. Ana , Hernández Sampieri Dr. Roberto 
Published: September 2015

La compensación salarial es una cuestión significativa en la vida de las organizaciones, a su vez, para que ésta sea justa y competitiva se requiere un sistema de tabulación de puestos válido, homologado, confiable yequitativo.Se procedió a efectuar una investigación holí­stica que identificó las variables que deben incluirse en un sistema de compensaciones salariales abarcando todos los niveles jerárquicos y áreas funcionales. Tal estudio se llevó a cabo en el Ayuntamiento de una ciudad del Estado de Guanajuato, en México. El método utilizado fue el de estudio de caso mixto, con preponderancia cuantitativa; el instrumento de medición y análisis fue el sistema de valuación de puntos, para registrar la información de los perfiles de 224 puestos de las 12 dependencias centralizadas consideradas en la muestra.El estudio condujo a la propuesta de un método cuyo propósito es orientar a los cabildos a generar un sistema de tabulador de salarios equitativo tomando en cuenta las dimensiones habilidades, responsabilidades, esfuerzo,ambiente laboral y competencia en el mercado.
ELABORAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO DE CRONOGRAMA EM PROJETO COM RESTRIÇÃO DE PRAZO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO E PESQUISA
Authors: Moutinho José De Assunção , De Carvalho Kahan , Kniess Claudia Terezinha 
Published: September 2015

<p>O prazo de execução vem se caracterizando como uma significativa restrição em vários projetos. Considerado isso, um ingrediente fundamental para a sua conclusão, respeitando-se os limites restritivos do tempo, passa pela escolha do método mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do seu cronograma. No contexto de um laboratório de pesquisa de P&amp;D em uma universidade pública, este relato técnico valeu-se da estratégia de <em>pesquisa-ação</em> para analisar o problema apresentado. A conclusão aponta para o Método da Corrente Crítica como mais adequado ao desenvolvimento de cronograma no caso específico, dadas as particularidades do ambiente e do projeto, no entanto, não descarta a necessidade de mais investigações em projetos desta natureza.</p>Palavras-chave:<strong> </strong>Cronograma de projetos. Método da Corrente Crítica. Método do Caminho