bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing age within established Gleason score categories and the risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM)
Authors: Russo Andrea L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Aizer Ayal A. , Hattangadi Jona A. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is limited data that suggests that men aged >70 years have a higher proportion of Gleason 8–10 prostate cancer than men aged <70 years, as well as a higher risk of PSA recurrence, distant metastases, and disease‐specific death on univariate analysis.The present study shows that older as compared with younger men with Gleason score 6 and 7 prostate cancer have an increased risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality. This may be due to the presence of occult high‐grade disease and suggests further diagnostic studies, e.g. multiparametric MRI, may be indicated in these men to reduce biopsy sampling error.OBJECTIVE
To determine if advancing age is a risk factor for high‐grade prostate cancer due to occult high‐grade disease in elderly men with Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer. We investigated whether advancing age is associated with the risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) within established Gleason score categories adjusting for known predictors of PCSM.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2007, 166 104 men with non‐metastatic prostate cancer were identified and formed the study cohort.
Within established Gleason score categories, Fine and Gray's multivariable competing risk regressions were used to evaluate whether increasing age at diagnosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCSM, adjusting for prostate‐specific antigen level and T‐category at diagnosis and whether treatment was curative or non‐curative.
RESULTS
After adjusting for treatment and prognostic factors, Gleason score 8–10 and 7 as compared with ≤6 was associated with an increased risk of PCSM (P < 0.001).
Increasing age was associated with an increased risk of PCSM only in Gleason score 6 (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.08, P < 0.001) and 7 (AHR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P < 0.001), but not with Gleason score 8–10 (AHR 0.999, 95% CI 0.995–1.003, P= 0.61).
These risks were highest in men aged >70 years having Gleason score 6 (AHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13, P < 0.001) and Gleason score 7 prostate cancer (AHR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
PCSM increases with advancing age in men with Gleason score 6 and 7 but not 8–10 prostate cancer.
Techniques to reduce biopsy sampling error in men, particularly those aged >70 years and healthy with Gleason score 6 and 7 disease deserve further study.
The Fiscal Impact of Trade Tariff Cuts: Long‐Series Historical Evidence
Authors: Rajaraman Indira 
Published: September 2012

AbstractContemporary empirical evidence shows that trade tariff cuts have a negative impact on customs revenue in low‐income countries. This article documents the historical experience of the US and Canada from 1870 to 1996, which shows that customs revenue declined in these two countries with falling trade tariffs. Such a decline should therefore have been anticipated while advocating trade liberalisation in low‐income countries, and trade reform hyphenated with fiscal reform, so as to identify compensating revenue ex ante. A recent cross‐country study by Baunsgaard and Keen covering the period 1975–2006 fails to find complete replacement from other revenue sources in low‐income countries even in the long run, let alone concurrently. This is an issue affecting countries all across the size spectrum, and is of immediate importance in the context of the slow progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Another problem, limited to large federal countries in the developing world, is that trade taxes are levied exclusively by the national government, so that compensating revenue from a source not similarly restricted to that level has the potential to destabilise the balance of power within the federation.Policy Implications
The Millennium Development Goals call for fiscal revenue with which to finance the public expenditure required.
Policy advice to the developing world advocating trade liberalisation has neglected the revenue impact of trade tariff cuts. This article documents the historically negative impact of trade tariff cuts on customs revenue in the US and Canada, on the basis of which the fiscal impact in the developing world should have been anticipated, and compensating revenue identified ex ante.
VAT, which is identified as the optimal replacement source for lost trade tariff revenue, may not be optimal from a political economy perspective in some fiscal federations.
Recent cross‐country evidence, showing that the revenue loss from reduced trade tariffs persists in the long run, highlights the difficulty of finding complete replacement from other revenue sources, and shows that the policy homework for achievement of the MDGs remains sadly unaddressed.
Influenza Virus H5 DNA Vaccination Is Immunogenic by Intramuscular and Intradermal Routes in Humans
Authors: Ledgerwood J. E. , Hu Z. , Gordon I. J. , Yamshchikov G. , Enama M. E. , Plummer S. , Bailer R. , Pearce M. B. , Tumpey T. M. , Koup R. A. , Mascola J. R. , Nabel G. J. , Graham B. S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAvian influenza virus causes outbreaks in domestic and wild birds around the world, and sporadic human infections have been reported. A DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) protein from the A/Indonesia/5/05 (H5N1) strain was initially tested in two randomized phase I clinical studies. Vaccine Research Center study 304 (VRC 304) was a double-blinded study with 45 subjects randomized to placebo, 1 mg of vaccine, or 4 mg of vaccine treatment groups (n= 15/group) by intramuscular (i.m.) Biojector injection. VRC 305 was an open-label study to evaluate route, with 44 subjects randomized to intradermal (i.d.) injections of 0.5 mg by needle/syringe or by Biojector or 1 mg delivered as two 0.5-mg Biojector injections in the same deltoid or as 0.5 mg in each deltoid (n= 11/group). Injections were administered at weeks 0, 4, and 8 in both studies. Antibody responses to H5 were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neutralization assay, and the H5 T cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. There were no vaccine-related serious adverse events, and the vaccine was well tolerated in all groups. At 1 mg, i.d. vaccination compared to i.m. vaccination induced a greater frequency and magnitude of response by ELISA, but there were no significant differences in the frequency or magnitude of response between the i.d. and i.m. routes in the HAI or neutralization assays. T cell responses were more common in subjects who received the 1- or 4-mg dose i.m. These studies demonstrated that the DNA vaccine encoding H5 is safe and immunogenic and served to define the proper dose and route for further studies. The i.d. injection route did not offer a significant advantage over the i.m. route, and no difference was detected by delivery to one site versus splitting the dose between two sites for i.d. vaccine administration. The 4-mg dose (i.m) was further investigated in prime-boost regimens.
Reversible Inhibition of Fusion Activity of a Paramyxovirus Fusion Protein by an Engineered Disulfide Bond in the Membrane-Proximal External Region
Authors: Zokarkar Aarohi , Connolly Sarah A. , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Lamb Robert A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Cysteines were introduced into the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the paramyxovirus F protein. A disulfide bond formed, and the mutant protein was expressed at the cell surface but was fusion inactive. Reduction of the disulfide bond restored fusion activity. The data indicate that in addition to dissociation of the three-helix bundle stalk domain of prefusion F, the MPER region also needs to separate for F to be able to refold and cause fusion.
Relevance of the stochastic stratigraphic well correlation approach for the study of complex carbonate settings: application to the Malampaya buildup (Offshore Palawan, Philippines)
Authors: Lallier Florent , Caumon Guillaume , Borgomano Jean , Viseur Sophie , Fournier Francois , Antoine Christophe , Gentilhomme Théophile 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The stochastic stratigraphic well correlation method considers the stratigraphic correlation of well data as a set of possible models to sample and manage uncertainty in subsurface studies. This method was applied to the Malampaya buildup (a well documented offshore gas field located NW of the Palawan Island, Philippines), aged upper Eocene to lower Miocene. Previous studies highlight that rock petrophysical properties are mainly controlled by diagenesis. Correlation rules are thus developed in order to adapt the stochastic stratigraphic well correlation method to the study of diagenetic units. These rules are based on wireline log shape and diagenetic units types. Four stratigraphic correlation models are generated using the proposed correlation method: a deterministic one corresponding to the most probable model considering only well data and three stochastic ones. These correlation models are bound with geostatistical methods to build static reservoir models. Synthetic seismic profiles are computed from facies models conditioned to acoustic impedance models. It leads to comparable seismic amplitude images, highlighting the importance of considering several well correlation models for one given seismic survey. Stochastic stratigraphic correlations are shown to have a first-order impact on reservoir unit characterization, rock volumes and fluid flow response on the reservoir model.
Antibody Response to Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Associated with Incident Lymphoma in the Epilymph Case–Control Study in Spain
Authors: Robles Claudia , Poloczek Andre , Casabonne Delphine , Gonzalez-Barca Eva , Bosch Ramon , Benavente Yolanda , Viscidi Raphael P. , de Sanjosé Silvia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) has been identified as the cause of Merkel cell carcinoma. The increased incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Merkel cell cancer cohorts and the lymphotropic properties of the virus suggest a possible viral association with lymphomagenesis. To investigate this potential role, we explored seroreactivity against MCV VP1 capsids within the Epilymph case–control study in Spain.Methods: Serum samples from 468 incident lymphomas, categorized into up to 11 entities, and 522 controls frequency matched by age, sex, and recruitment center were tested for MCV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay using Virus-Like-Particles. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) associated to MCV seroprevalence. Immunosuppressed subjects were excluded.Results: MCV seroprevalence was 82% in controls and 85% in lymphoma cases. Among 11 lymphoma categories, MCV seropositivity was significantly higher in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL; 96.4%; OR = 6.1, 95%CI = 1.9–19.8), as compared with controls. MCV prevalences were also higher in follicular lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and mature T-cell lymphoma but differences did not reach statistical significance. Lower prevalences were observed for multiple myeloma and other B-cell lymphoma. Exclusion of samples collected after start of treatment did not change the results. In a subset analysis, no significant association was observed between BKV and JCV seroprevalence and DLBCL.Conclusion: The association observed between serologic evidence of MCV exposure and DLBCL warrants further research.Impact: MCV might be involved in the pathway of DLBCL and other lymphomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1592–8. ©2012 AACR.
Cervical Cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Problem and the Way to Solutions
Authors: Villa Luisa Lina 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean have one of the highest incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer in the world. In this region, age-adjusted incidence rates range from 20 to 80 per 100,000 women per year. Overall, the mortality rates are extremely high in spite of the availability of Pap screening in several countries. Women from lower socioeconomic status, often less educated, are unaware of cervical cancer screening or have no access to it. Despite the efforts to reorganize screening programs in the region, in a few countries, only a slight decrease in cervical cancer mortality has been observed. New modalities for primary and secondary screening should be evaluated and disseminated, including HPV testing and vaccination against the most common HPV types. HPV prophylactic vaccines were approved in most Latin American countries, but only few are considering its implementation in national immunization programs. Besides cost and other logistical issues, lack of recommendation by policy makers or lawmakers is deterring the introduction of HPV vaccines in the region. Furthermore, studies conducted in the region have indicated that HPV vaccination only or vaccination supplemented with screening may be considered a cost-effective strategy to reduce mortality by cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1409–13. ©2012 AACR.
Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Matsuno Rayna K. , Lurie Galina , Wilkens Lynne R. , Carney Michael E. , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Goodman Marc T. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation may play an etiologic role in ovarian and endometrial cancer, and it is hypothesized that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) decrease the risk of developing these malignancies. No prospective study with a large multiethnic population has explored this hypothesis.
Methods: We investigated whether NSAID use was associated with risks of ovarian and endometrial cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Medication use of at least twice a week for ≥1 month was assessed at baseline. Multivariable relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: During 13.3 years of follow-up, 275 ovarian and 620 endometrial incident cases were identified among approximately 64,000 women included in this analysis (16.5% African Americans, 30.8% Japanese, 7.7% Native Hawaiians, 18.9%, Latinas, and 26.0% whites). The RR (95% CI) for ovarian cancer associated with aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acetaminophen were 0.87 (0.68–1.14), 0.97 (0.74–1.26), and 0.86 (0.67–1.12), respectively. The RR (95% CI) for endometrial cancer associated with aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acetaminophen were 0.93 (0.79–1.10), 0.88 (0.74–1.05), and 0.96 (0.81–1.13), respectively. No heterogeneity across ethnic groups (P ≥ 0.29) or dose–response relation with increased duration of use (Ptrend ≥ 0.16) was observed. The results did not differ by tumor histology.
Conclusions: We found no compelling evidence to support an association between the use of NSAIDs and risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers in a multiethnic population.
Impact: It is unlikely that NSAID is involved in the etiology of endometrial and ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1441–9. ©2012 AACR.
Disparities in the Early Adoption of Chemoimmunotherapy for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the United States
Authors: Flowers Christopher R. , Fedewa Stacey A. , Chen Amy Y. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Lipscomb Joseph , Brawley Otis W. , Ward Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Background: Since the 1970s, CHOP chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In 2002, randomized trials changed this standard by showing that adding rituximab immunotherapy to CHOP improved survival. However, how these results influenced chemoimmunotherapy adoption in clinical practice remains unclear.
Methods: Using the National Cancer Database to compare chemoimmunotherapy use with chemotherapy alone, we collected data on demographics, stage, health insurance, area-level socioeconomic status (SES), facility characteristics, and type of treatment for DLBCL patients diagnosed in the United States 2001–2004. Multivariable log binomial models examined associations between race, insurance, and treatment allocation, adjusting for covariates.
Results: Among 38,002 patients with DLBCL, 27% received chemoimmunotherapy and 50% chemotherapy alone. Patients who had localized disease, were diagnosed in 2001 or who were black, uninsured/Medicaid insured, or lower SES were less likely to receive any form of chemotherapy (all P &lt; 0.0001). Patients who were diagnosed in 2001 or who were black [relative risk (RR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78–0.89], &gt;60 years (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.98), or had localized disease (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86–0.92) were less likely to receive chemoimmunotherapy. Receiving treatment at high DLBCL volume teaching/research facilities was associated with the greatest likelihood of chemoimmunotherapy (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.52–1.89).
Conclusions: Black DLBCL patients were less likely to receive chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy during this period.
Impact: This large national cohort study shows disparities in the diffusion of chemoimmunotherapy for DLBCL. Improving DLBCL outcomes will require efforts to extend access to proven advances in therapy to all segments of the population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1520–30. ©2012 AACR.
The influence of hepatitis B virus on antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin in Asian patients with hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B virus coinfection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jun-Ying , Sheng Yun-Jian , Hu Huai-Dong , Zhong Qing , Wang Jing , Tong Shi-Wen , Zhou Zhi , Zhang Da-Zhi , Hu Peng , Ren Hong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical and laboratory studies have indicated that coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can suppress one another, eliciting a dominant disease phenotype. To assess whether HBV can influence the antiviral effect of treatment on HCV, we performed a meta-analysis to comparatively analyze the response to interferon plus ribavirin treatment in patients with HBV/HCV coinfection and HCV mono-infection.MethodsPublished studies in the English-language medical literature that involved cohorts of HBV/HCV coinfection and HCV mono-infection were obtained by searching Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases. Studies that compared the efficacy of treatment with interferon plus ribavirin in HBV/HCV coinfection and HCV mono-infection were assessed. End-of-treatment virological response (ETVR), sustained virological response (SVR), HCV relapse rate, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate were compared between HBV/HCV coinfection and HCV mono-infection patients.ResultsFive trials involving 705 patients were analyzed. At the end of follow-up serum ALT normalization rates in patients with HCV mono-infection were significantly higher than in patients with HBV/HCV coinfection (odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.80,P = 0.001). The ETVR and SVR achieved in HBV/HCV coinfection patients were comparable to those in HCV mono-infection patients (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.37–2.82,P = 0.96 and OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.62–1.21,P = 0.38, respectively). The rate of relapse for HCV or HCV genotype 1 was not significantly different between HBV/HCV coinfection patients and HCV mono-infection patients (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.98–2.47,P = 0.06; HCV genotype 1: OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.17–4.91,P = 0.19).ConclusionsTreatment with interferon and ribavirin achieves similar ETVR and SVR in HBV/HCV coinfection and HCV mono-infection. HBV/HCV coinfection patients had distinctively lower end of follow-up serum ALT normalization.
Industrial-Organisational Psychology in New Zealand: Who Are We and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Cooper-Thomas Helena D. , Wright Sarah 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn spite of a long history, Industrial and Organisational (I/O) psychology appears to be relatively unknown beyond those who teach or practise it. Research in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand is reviewed to illustrate common problems. To provide an update on the local situation, a survey of 46 I/O psychologists was conducted to identify what types of activities I/O psychologists in New Zealand are engaged in, and what they think the issues are for the profession both now and in the future. We present the issues under five themes: current role, education and training, strategic perspectives, contribution to New Zealand business, and the future. In conclusion, we provide suggestions to address the key problems that our I/O psychologist respondents identified.
Lorentzkraft — Anemometrie für die berührungslose Durchflussmessung von Elektrolyten
Authors: Wegfraß Andre , Diethold C. , Werner M. , Alferenok Artem , Resagk C. , Fröhlich T. , Halbedel B. , Lüdtke U. , Thess André 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt den experimentellen Aufbau und die ersten Messergebnisse einer neuen Durchflussmesstechnik für schwach leitfähige Fluide mittels Lorentzkraft-Anemometrie, einem berührungslosen Messverfahren, welches schon erfolgreich für gut leitfähige Fluide wie Metallschmelzen eingesetzt wurde. Potentielle Anwendungen sind heiße und chemisch aggressive sowie nicht transparente Flüssigkeiten, da hier verfügbare Durchflussmesstechniken nur bedingt anwendbar sind.
Effects of a Less-invasive Surgical Technique on Cement Mantle Quality in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ast Michael P. , Dimaio Frank R. 
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a less-invasive midvastus exposure during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on cement mantle grade compared with a standard parapatellar arthrotomy and standard TKA. Fifty consecutive cemented minimally invasive TKAs using a midvastus approach, patellar subluxation without eversion, and less-invasive instrumentation were compared radiographically with a control cohort of 50 consecutive cemented standard TKAs. To eliminate patient selection bias, the standard cohort included consecutive surgeries completed before 2004, prior to the advent of minimally invasive techniques in TKA. Analog supine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were evaluated using Ewald’s criteria. Lucent lines, cement voids, and cement debris were recorded for each group.
Radiographic analysis revealed compromised femoral component cement mantle grades in the minimally invasive group. The number of anterior femoral cement voids (zone 1) was significantly higher in the minimally invasive group, and peripatellar and tibial cement debris was also more common in the minimally invasive group. Based on these findings, the midvastus approach compromises the surgeon’s ability to duplicate a consistent femoral cement mantle obtained using a standard exposure.