bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the Identity of African-Americans in Countee Cullen’s “Heritage”: Why Race Matters in America
Authors: Pokharel Bishnu Prasad 
Published: July 2024

The present paper argues that it is the color of the Africans that is an object of mockery and humiliation hurled at them by the whites. To escape from this color-induced discrimination and identity crisis, yearning for the ancestor’s native heritage is the sole sanctuary for the American people of color. This paper examines the subtle use of the symbols of dark images to show how Countee Cullen, in his poem “Heritage,” shows black people's identity crisis based on color. The dark color symbolizes a constraint on civilization and creates a distinct bifurcation between synchronization and harmony in the nation. Hence, the recurring dark color in the poem leads the minority group to quest for identity through social strengthening. The poet calls for African Americans' personal, social, and geographical identity based on hereditary identity. In the context of America, the question of true identity in the new nation leads black people to feel a deep anguish of estrangement and alienation. Drawing on Cullen’s poem as the primary source for analysis, this paper applies Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancis, Winthrop D. Jordon, Michael Banton, and Lois Tyson’s racial theory and search for identity for textual analysis. Racial discrimination creates gloom and generates inferiority among individuals. The minority group seeks identity establishment for social inclusion. Therefore, this study concludes that national coherence in American society invariably rests upon minimizing gloom, distancing, and uneasiness.
تأثير التشارك المعرفي في تحقيق الفخر التنظيمي ( بحث تحليلي لآراء عينة من موظفي وزارة الشباب والرياضة )
Authors: محمد مجول شكور  , أ.د. لمياء سلمان عبد علي الزبيدي  
Published: July 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى اختبار تأثير التشارك المعرفي في تحقيق الفخر التنظيمي ، ولأجل تحقيق ذلك تم اعتماد أبعاد التشارك المعرفي المتمثلة بـ(البعد الفردي ، البعد التنظيمي ، البعد التكنلوجي ) استناداً إلى دراسة Lin، 2007))، واعتماد أبعاد الفخر التنظيمي المتمثلة بـ(الفخر العاطفي ، الفخر السلوكي) استناداً إلى دراسة (Kraemer&Gouthier،2014)، وتم اختيار موظفي مقر وزارة الشباب والرياضة في بغداد لاختبار هذه البحث، اذ تم تشخيص مشكلة البحث من خلال المعايشة وكذلك الزيارات المتكررة والمقابلات الشخصية المستمرة مع الموظفين والتي تمثلت في مدى ادراكهم المعرفي والميداني للمحتوى المفاهيمي الدقيق واهمية متغيرات البحث، وتم اعداد استمارة استبانة لهذا الغرض، إذ خلصت الى (242) فرداً من مختلف المستويات ، وتم تحليل البيانات عبر مجموعة من أساليب المعالجة الإحصائية المناسبة، إذ استخدم تحليل ارتباط (Pearson) لغرض اختبار فرضيات الارتباط ، واستخدام نمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية (Structural Equation Modeling) وكذلك اسلوب تحليل المسار ((Path Analysis لاختبار فرضيات التأثير. وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج كان من ابرزها وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية للتشارك المعرفي بأبعادها في الفخر التنظيمي.
Feasibility of targeting the cingulate gyrus using high-intensity focused ultrasound on a cadaveric specimen: illustrative case
Authors: Sammartino Francesco , Mossner James , Stecko Hunter , Reddy Nihaal , Dalm Brian 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Cancer is commonly associated with pain. For patients with advanced cancer and intractable pain, ablative neurosurgical procedures can significantly improve pain and transition patients out of inpatient settings. These procedures are normally invasive, and this poses an important risk in this population. Cingulotomy has been reported to improve pain perception and contribute substantially to the quality of life of cancer patients with refractory pain.

OBSERVATIONS
One fresh human cadaver specimen was used for the setup. The cingulate gyrus was targeted using intraoperative magnetic resonance images, and osseous aberrations were corrected after coregistration with the preoperative head computed tomography.
After accounting for sinuses, membrane folds, and calcifications, a total of 737 elements were available for thermal ultrasound ablation. On high-power sonications, the total energy delivered reached a peak temperature of 57°C (15,050 J, 350 W, 45 seconds) in the right cingulate and 52°C (13,000 J, 405 W, 46 seconds) in the left cingulate.

LESSONS
Despite the limitations of using a cadaver model (temperature, vascularization), cingulotomy appears to be feasible using high-intensity focused ultrasound.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2459
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Alih Daya yang Mengalami Pemutusan Kerja Sepihak dalam Merger dan Akuisisi Perusahaan
Authors: Idad Rais Mustopa  , Dipo Wahjoeono  
Published: July 2024

akuisisi perusahaan menjadi fenomena yang semakin relevan dalam dunia bisnis yang terus berubah, di mana perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan dapat berdampak signifikan pada pekerja alih daya yang bekerja melalui perusahaan alih daya. Perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan melalui merger dan akuisisi seringkali mengakibatkan ketidakpastian bagi pekerja alih daya, karena mereka tidak memiliki hubungan kerja yang sama dengan perusahaan yang mengakuisisi. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak bagi pekerja alih daya, dan persoalan ini menjadi semakin penting seiring dengan peningkatan penggunaan tenaga kerja alih daya di berbagai sektor industri. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kerangka hukum yang ada, termasuk kontrak alih daya, peraturan ketenagakerjaan, hak-hak pekerja alih daya dan penyelesaian hukum terhadap sengketa pekerja alih daya yang mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif, yang menganalisis peraturan hukum yang berlaku dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian dan keadilan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pekerja alih daya. Hasil penelitian menyoroti berbagai tantangan dan potensi keterbatasan dalam perlindungan hukum pekerja alih daya yang selama proses merger dan akuisisi. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi praktik terbaik yang dapat diadopsi oleh perusahaan dan regulator untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja alih daya dalam situasi serupa. Penelitian ini diharapkan akan memberikan kontribusi penting bagi praktisi hukum, manajer perusahaan, dan regulator dalam merancang strategi yang lebih berwawasan untuk melindungi hak-hak pekerja alih daya dalam situasi yang rentan ini, sekaligus meningkatkan pemahaman umum tentang kompleksitas masalah ini.
Restrukturisasi Perusahaan Perseroan Terbatas Melalui Pembentukan Perusahaan Grup
Authors: Wiatmaja Ganda , Suhaidi  , Tengku Keizerina Devi Azwar  , Mahmul Siregar  
Published: July 2024

Restrukturisasi perusahaan bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kinerja suatu perusahaan, baik pada saat kondisi perusahaan tidak sehat atau dalam keadaan normal restrukturisasi diperlukan supaya terus unggul dalam persaingan atau paling tidak dapat bertahan menghadapi persaingan. Salah satu bentuk restrukturisasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan membentukan perusahaan grup (holding company) dalam satu entitas ekonomi tunggal (single economic entity). Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif atau kepustakaan, sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis, menggambarkan faktanya sekaligus menganalisanya. Undang-Undang No.40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas tidak ada mengatur keberadaan perusahaan grup, Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas menggunakan pendekatan tunggal. Akan tetapi Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas memberikan legitimasi atas terbentuknya perusahaan grup (holding company). Mekanisme restrukturisasi perusahaan dapat dilakukan melalui pemisahan (spin off) atau pengambilalihan (akuisisi). Holding company dalam realitasnya mempunyai kewenangan yang cukup luas dalam pengelolaan anak perusahaan. Holding company memperoleh perlindungan berupa limited liability, sehingga holding company hanya bertanggung jawab sebesar nilai saham yang disetornya atas ketidak mampuan anak perusahaan untuk menyelesaikan seluruh tanggung jawab hukum kepada pihak ketiga.Hapusnya pertanggung jawaban terbatas (limited liability) disebabkan adanya perbuatan melawan hukum, itikad tidak baik ataupun kerugian pada anak perusahaan yang dilakukan holding company. Untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat perlu adanya pengaturan perusahaan grup di Indonesia. Agar dalam anggaran dasar anak perusahaan ditegaskan kewenangan operasional anak perusahaan ada pada Direksi anak perusahaan yang dipertanggungjawabkan pada RUPS. Untuk menghindari dominasi holding company tanpa tanggung jawab yang seimbang, perlu dilakukan terobosan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas terkait dengan perluasan tanggung jawab holding company.
Producción continua de etanol en un reactor de lecho fijo usando células inmovilizadas (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) en alginato de calcio
Authors: Tito Vargas Carlos , Valera López Anacelly 
Published: July 2024

La necesidad de incrementar las fuentes bioenergéticas y optimizar su producción a llevado a que se empleen nuevas tecnologías como el de la inmovilización de células que actualmente permite producir etanol inmovilizando levaduras. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la producción continua de etanol en un biorreactor de lecho fijo usando un sistema de células de Saccharomyces cerevisiae inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio, y la identificación de variables que tuvieron gran influencia en el proceso. Se empleó el diseño factorial N=2K; donde K=3 representó a las variables concentración de sacarosa “S”, pH y temperatura “T”; y el programa estadístico Statgraphics versión 5.1. Manteniendo constante el caudal de alimentación de sustrato (Q = 72 mL/h) y el tiempo de residencia hidráulica (TRH = 8.33 horas). Los resultados fueron 0.13 h-1 de velocidad especifica de crecimiento máxima de células de levaduras libres y 0.017 h-1de células inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio, 14.4 g/l de etanol como mayor concentración de producto cuando S = 100 g/l, pH = 4.6 y T = 25oC, y 3.20 g/l de etanol como la menor concentración cuando S = 200 g/l; pH de 5.6 y T = 35oC. Según el análisis de varianza el rendimiento de la producción de etanol estuvo grandemente influenciado por la concentración de sustrato y la temperatura, el pH tuvo una influencia poco significativa.
Efecto del medio nutriente y temperatura en el cultivo de Nostoc del Río Caño, Alto Perú, Tacna, en condiciones de laboratorio
Authors: Córdova Quispe Jenny Karina , Valera López Anacelly Valera López , Castillo Cotrina Daladier 
Published: July 2024

El Nostoc es una microalga con alto contenido proteico que además contiene vitaminas y minerales, crece de forma natural en las zonas altoandinas y es utilizado como alimento por los pobladores; su cultivo en condiciones de Laboratorio es necesario para establecer parámetros de producción de su biomasa en Laboratorio o en el mismo ambiente natural. En este trabajo el objetivo fue determinar el efecto del medio nutriente y temperatura en el cultivo del Nostoc en condiciones de Laboratorio. El alga se colectó de las aguas del Río Caño, Alto Perú, Tacna y cultivó en el medio nutriente MACE en placas Petri con luz de fluorescente a temperatura de ambiente (16.4 – 28.6 °C), hasta que se obtuvo colonias puras para su identificación y obtención de inóculos con un mismo peso, para la experimentación según el diseño factorial experimental 2k con pruebas centrales, entre agosto y octubre del 2002, en la que se empleó los medios nutrientes MACE, BBM sin N, y BBM, y temperaturas de 18 °C, 24 °C, y de ambiente (8.6 -24.6 °C), para obtener como respuesta el crecimiento de colonia en base a su peso húmedo. El alga fue identificada como Nostoc commune, su cultivo en el medio nutriente MACE con más baja concentración de sales, y a la mayor temperatura de incubación (24 °C), es donde mostró su mayor peso húmedo, 0.0579 g, y porcentaje de proteínas totales en peso seco, 25.38. El efecto del medio nutriente sobre el peso húmedo del alga fue mayor que la temperatura. La obtención de sus colonias por cultivo abre expectativas de producción de biomasa para su aprovechamiento por los pobladores como recurso proteico en la alimentación.
Study on the intervention effect of HCH integrated SMG health management model on community high-risk group of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Du Rui , Ma Kaifang , Li Yanru , Tian Jin , Li Mengkun , Zhao Chenxi , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the integration of the Hospital-Community-Home (HCH) model with the Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) health management model for high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease in the Yuhua community of Shijiazhuang city. The study focused on implementing care interventions (HCH, SMG) with a specific emphasis on SMG to promote beneficial views/behaviors, enhance self-efficacy/agency, and address detrimental determinants of health, ultimately leading to durable changes and healthier lifestyles. Comparing the HCH model with the combined SMG model helps to comprehensively assess the strengths and weaknesses of different health management approaches. This comparison contributes to theoretical innovation and practical development in the field of health management, as well as improving patients' health outcomes and quality of life.MethodsThis study employed a quasi-experimental design. Using stratified sampling, individuals who underwent health examinations in Community A and Community B from Shijiazhuang city between May 2023 and August 2023 were randomly selected. After informing the participants about the study and obtaining informed consent via telephone, high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease were screened based on their medical examination reports. Data on lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy, medical responses, quality of life, and readmission rates were collected and compared before and after the intervention.ResultsA total of 526 eligible participants were included, with 241 in the control group and 285 in the study group. After the intervention, there was no significant change in the proportions of smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals engaging in leisure exercises in the control group. However, in the study group, the proportions of smokers and alcohol consumers significantly decreased, while the proportion of individuals engaging in leisure exercises significantly increased. After the intervention, both the study group and the control group showed significant increases in scores on the General Self-Efficacy Scale—Schwarzer (GSES) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. Avoidance and surrender scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly lower than the control group. Confrontation scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. During the follow-up period, the study group had a significantly lower readmission rate than the control group.ConclusionThe integration of HCH with SMG health management model can significantly improve lifestyle behaviors, optimize medical responses, enhance self-efficacy and quality of life, and significantly reduce readmission rates among high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease.
Risk cycling in diabetes and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yang Xinyu , Hu Gang , Tong Keke , Wu Jingyi , Yu Rong 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the causal relationship between different types of DM and ASD by bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and ASD were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Subsequently, inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used to test the exposure-outcome causality. Finally, MR-Egger’s intercept, Cochran’s Q, and leave-one-out method were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity of the results, respectively.ResultsThe positive analysis showed that T2DM was associated with an increased risk of ASD, whereas neither T1DM nor GDM was associated with the risk of ASD. The reverse analysis showed that ASD was associated with an increased risk of T2DM, while it was not associated with the risk of either T1DM or GDM. MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p &gt; 0.05) for these results. Cochran’s Q showed no heterogeneity expect for the results of T1DM on the risk of ASD, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed these results were robust.ConclusionThis MR analysis suggests that T2DM and ASD are reciprocal risk factors and that they may create an intergenerational risk cycling in female patients. Aggressive prevention and treatment of T2DM and ASD help to break the trap of this risk cycling. Additionally, this study does not support a causal relationship between T1DM and ASD, as well as GDM and ASD. And more studies are needed in the future to continue to explore the interactions and underlying mechanisms between different types of DM and ASD.
Gut microbiota profiling reflects the renal dysfunction and psychological distress in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Li Qi , Xie Suyi , Liu Yali , Yue Wei , Wang Limin , Liang Yi , Chen Yan , Yuan Huijuan , Yu Jiawei 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and kidney disease. However, it is not clear how the intestinal microecological imbalance is involved in the context of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of renal failure.ObjectivesTo elucidate the gut microbial signatures associated with DKD progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and explore whether they could reflect renal dysfunction and psychological distress.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the gut microbial signatures of 29 DKD non-ESRD patients and 19 DKD ESRD patients compared to 20 healthy controls. Differential analysis was performed to detect distinct gut microbial alterations in diversities and taxon abundance of DKD with and without ESRD. Renal dysfunction was estimated by urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Psychological distress was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.ResultsAlpha diversity indexes were reduced in DKD patients, particularly those with ESRD. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the gut microbial compositions of DKD patients were different with healthy individuals whereas similar compositions were observed in DKD patients. Taxon differential analysis showed that when compared with the controls, DKD patients exhibit distinct microbial profiles including reduced abundances of butyrate-produced, anti-inflammatory bacteria Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Roseburia Lachnoclostridium, and increased abundances of pro-inflammatory bacteria Collinsella, Streptococcus etc. These distinctive genera presented consistent associations with renal dysfunction, as well as psychological distress, especially in DKD patients.ConclusionsDKD patients, especially those who have progressed to ESRD, exhibit unique characteristics in their gut microbiota that are associated with both renal dysfunction and psychological distress. The gut microbiota may be a significant factor in the deterioration of DKD and its eventual progression to ESRD.
Decreased serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D and vitamin K in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Ling 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundInsulin resistance and/or insulin secretion dysfunction are crucial causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although some studies have suggested potential roles for vitamins D and K in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, there is limited and inconclusive research on their levels in T2DM patients and their relationship with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive studies investigating the combined effects of vitamins D and K on T2DM.MethodsA total of 195 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in the research group, while 180 volunteers undergoing physical examinations in our hospital served as the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was estimated using the glucose-oxidase technique, and fasting serum insulin (FINS) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. FPG and FINS were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum vitamin D levels were measured using 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin K levels were evaluated using phylloquinone (VK1) and menaquinone (VK2) via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of these vitamins for T2DM.ResultsCirculating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25.95 ± 10.42 ng/mL), VK1 (1.24 ± 0.89 ng/mL), and VK2 (0.2 ± 0.21 ng/mL) in T2DM patients were significantly lower than in the control group (37.46 ± 13.95 ng/mL for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1.99 ± 1.39 ng/mL for VK1, and 0.33 ± 0.22 ng/mL for VK2; p&lt;0.001 for all comparisons). ROC analysis indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could predict the occurrence of T2DM, with AUC values of 0.75, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively. In T2DM patients, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were positively correlated with VK1 (r=0.43, p&lt;0.001) and VK2 (r=0.40, p&lt;0.001) levels. FPG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients were negatively correlated with circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=-0.57, p&lt;0.001), VK1 (r=-0.44, p&lt;0.001), and VK2 (r=-0.36, p&lt;0.001).ConclusionCirculating levels of vitamins D and K are lower in T2DM patients and show significant correlations with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could have predictive value for T2DM, highlighting the potential roles of these vitamins in T2DM management.