bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality experience of amosite asbestos factory workers: Dose‐response relationships 5 to 40 years after onset of short‐term work exposure
Authors: Seidman Herbert , Selikoff Irving J. , Gelb Steven K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA cohort of 820 men in a Paterson, New Jersey, amosite asbestos factory which began work during 1941–1945 was observed from 5 to 40 years after start of work. Most of the cohort had limited duration of work experience (days, weeks, months), though some men worked for several years until the factory closed in 1954.With white males of New Jersey as the control population, Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) of 500 are evident for the cohort for lung cancer and for noninfectious pulmonary diseases (including asbestosis), while being almost 300 for total cancer and about 170 for all causes of death. A statistically significant SMR of almost 200 is seen for colon‐rectum cancer. Mesothelioma incidence initially shows a strong relationship with advancing time since onset of exposure and then tails off.The main concern of the study is with dose‐response patterns. Response is measured by the mortality for relevant causes of death, while the direct asbestos dosage was measured in two ways. One way was the length of time worked in the factory and the other was the individual's accumulated fiber exposure, calculated by multiplying the aforementioned length of time worked by the estimated fiber exposures associated with the particular job that the worker had in the factory. Whichever measure of dosage is used, it was found that, in general, the lower the dose, the longer it took for adverse mortality to become evident and, also, the smaller the magnitude of that adverse mortality.
Urinary excretion of chromium in chromeplaters after discontinued exposure
Authors: Lindberg Erik , Vesterberg Olof 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn a previous study [Lindberg and Vesterberg, 1983a], excretion of chromium in urine (U‐Cr) in chromeplaters was proposed for biological monitoring of ongoing exposure. Published reports were found about the decline of U‐Cr after discontinued exposure in welders working in chromium‐alloyed stainless steel, but not in chromeplaters.In this study, half‐times (t1/2) were calculated for ten chromeplaters over a weekend, and for 23 chromeplaters over 31 days vacation. The results suggest that the excretion of chromium can be approximated to a two‐compartment model. Estimated from the median values, an initial rapid phase with an assumed t1/2 of 2–3 days is followed by a phase with a t1/2 of approximately a month. Differences between the decline of U‐Cr in chromeplaters and welders are discussed.
Relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in yunnan province, china
Authors: Qiao You‐Lin , Taylor Philip R. , Yao Shu‐Xiang , Schatzkin Arthur , Mao Bao‐Lin , Lubin Jay , Rao Jian‐Yu , McAdams Mary , Xuan Xiang‐Zhen , Li Jun‐Yao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe studied the relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. Interviews were conducted in 1985 with 107 living tin miners with lung cancer and an equal number of age‐matched controls from among tin miners without lung cancer to obtain information on lung cancer risk factors including a detailed history of employment and tobacco use. Occupational history was combined with extensive industrial hygiene data to estimate cumulative working level months (WLM) of radon daughter exposure. Similar data were also used to estimate arsenic exposure for control in the analysis.Results indicate an increased risk of lung cancer for water pipe smoking, a traditional form of tobacco use practiced in 91% of cases and 85% of controls. Ever use of water pipes was associated with a twofold elevation in risk when compared with tobacco abstainers, and a dose‐response relation was observed with increasing categories of pipe‐year (dose times duration) usage. Estimated WLM of radon exposure varied from 0 to 1,761 among subjects but averaged 515 in cases versus only 244 in controls. Analyses indicated that the persons in the highest quarter of the radon exposure distribution had an odds ratio (OR) = 9.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.7–33.1) compared to persons without radon exposure after controlling for arsenic exposure and other potential confounders. Examination of duration and rate of radon exposure indicated higher risk associated with long duration as opposed to high rate of exposure. Cross‐categorizations of radon exposure and tobacco use suggest greater risk associated with radon exposure than tobacco in these workers.
Occupational risk of decreased plasma cholinesterase among pesticide production workers in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Yea‐Quey , Wang Jung‐Der , Chen Jui‐San , Chung Sing‐Chien , Hwang Show‐Yuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo determine the influence of ventilation control and work practices on the health of workers potentially exposed to organophosphate and carbamate compounds, we examined a total of 989 employees from pesticide factories in Taiwan during 1986–1987. Each employee was examined by a physician, and a blood sample was drawn for plasma cholinesterase, complete blood count, and liver and renal function tests. Forty‐one employees with medical conditions that might alter the plasma cholinesterase were excluded. Results showed that 43 of 515 production employees had decreased plasma cholinesterase as compared with four of 340 non‐production employees. Production employees working under adequate ventilation control seemed to have a lower prevalence of decreased plasma cholinesterase than those under inadequate ventilation control, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.242). There was a significant association between the level of housekeeping and work practices and the prevalence of decreased plasma cholinesterase (p = 0.022). We conclude that inadequate ventilation control and poor work practices may create a potential danger of pesticide poisoning among production employees in Taiwan and should be corrected immediately.
Occupational exposure standards in canada: From ACGIH to?
Authors: Sentes Ray 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe methods to control exposure to hazardous substances in Canadian workplaces have undergone several changes over the past 50 years. At first, government officials simply used good ventilation practices as a guide. Later, when the ACGIH published recommended exposure limits, a closely knit industrial hygiene community readily adopted them. Recently, the pre‐eminent position of the ACGIH has come under scrutiny. As a consequence, there is a search for new bipartite or tripartite approaches toward standard setting.
Characterization of the airborne concentrations of lead in U.S. industry
Authors: Froines John R. , Baron Sherry , Wegman David H. , O'Rourke Sheryl 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOccupational exposure to lead represents a continuing problem of significant magnitude in the United States. To characterize the problem for surveillance purposes, an analysis of the airborne concentrations of lead identified in OSHA compliance inspections was conducted for the years 1979 to 1985. The five specific objectives of the study were: 1) to examine the distribution of air lead concentration in industrial environments; 2) to determine the secular trends in air lead concentrations for high lead industries; 3) to assess which job titles had excessive airborne lead concentrations; 4) to evaluate whether there was a relationship between lead overexposure and company size, unionization, or type of inspection; and 5) to investigate the prevalence of respirator violations for lead.Fifty‐two industries were identified which had more than 1/3 of their inspection medians greater than the permissible exposure limit. These included primary and secondary lead smelting, battery manufacture, pigment manufacture, brass/bronze foundries, as well as 46 other industries. There has been little if any improvement in the prevalence and severity of airborne lead concentrations for the high lead industries, battery manufacture, secondary smelting, pigment manufacture, and brass/bronze foundries. Specific high exposure job titles are identified for certain high lead industries. The job title of painting stands out as an especially problematical job title across a number of industries. The prevalence of respirator violations is approximately 20% of all lead inspections.
Cancer incidence among massachusetts firefighters, 1982–1986
Authors: Sama Susan R. , Martin Terry R. , Davis Letitia K. , Kriebel David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrevious investigations of cancer among firefighters have been limited to mortality data and have yielded inconsistent results. Case‐control analyses were conducted in the present surveillance study in order to examine associations between firefighting and cancer incidence in Massachusetts. Subjects were identified through the Massachusetts Cancer Registry files for 1982–1986. Exposure status (firefighting) was determined from the usual occupation reported to the Registry. Nine different cancer types were examined among the 315 reported white male firefighters. Two “unexposed” reference populations were used: policemen and statewide males. Standardized morbidity odds ratios (SMORs) were statistically significantly elevated for melanoma (SMOR = 292; 95% C.I. = 170–503) and bladder cancer (SMOR = 159; 95% C.I. = 102–250) among firefighters compared with the state as a whole. When policemen were used as the reference group, the bladder cancer excess persisted (SMOR = 211; 95% C.I. = 107–414) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was elevated (SMOR = 327; 95% C.I. = 119–898); the melanoma excess was largely reduced (SMOR = 138; 95% C.I. = 60–319) but remained elevated among those aged 55–74 years (SMOR = 513;95%C.I. = 150–1,750). Small number excesses (not significant) were also observed for pancreatic cancer and leukemia compared with police.
Occupational risk factors for gastric cancer in Shanghai, China
Authors: Kneller Robert W. , Gao Yu‐Tang , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Gao Ru‐Nie , Blot William J. , Liu Ming‐Hao , Sheng Ji‐Ping , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOccupational data for over 13,000 incident stomach cancer cases reported to the Shanghai Cancer Registry between 1980 and 1984 were compared with 1982 census employment information to calculate standardized incidence ratios for stomach cancer in the Shanghai urban area. Several occupations were found to have statistically significantly increased risks for stomach cancer, most notably grain farming and several jobs involving potential for exposure to metal, wood, and other dusts and to fossil fuel combustion products. Because of the large numbers involved and consistency of associations, the findings raise hypotheses regarding occupational exposures that warrant further investigation.
Tuberculosis in commerce and industry in a Western Cape Suburb, South Africa, 1987
Authors: Kistnasamy Barry , Yach Derek 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA postal questionnaire of 557 industries in a defined area of the Western Cape, South Africa, aimed to determine the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in 1987 as well as the provision of health services. A 65% response rate was obtained. A random sample of non‐respondents did not differ from respondents with respect to factory size or sector. The overall incidence rate for 1987 was 472 per 100,000 workers (95% confidence interval 386–558). Tuberculosis rates of Africans and “coloureds” were substantially higher than those of Asians and whites. There was considerable variation in the rates by employment sector. We found highest rates of TB in the textile and iron and steel industries and the lowest rates are reported among the printing and paper industry, in trade and commerce, and in the transport sectors. It is likely that the differences in the rates by sector reflect the different social class composition of their work force. TB incidence rates also varied by factory size, with the highest rates being reported in the smallest factories. The implications of the study are that the current policy of not screening workers in industry on a routine basis for TB needs to be urgently reviewed. The provision of health services, shown to vary according to factory size, was found to be inadequate in the smaller factories. Alternative methods of providing such care to workers need to be implemented.
Prophylaxis of asbestos‐induced diseases: Studies and perspectives
Authors: Kogan Favel M. , Polzik E. V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, implementation of dust‐suppressing measures in USSR asbestos mills has led to significant decrease in dust levels. New cases of asbestosis and asbestotuberculosis in annual medical examinations have not been detected. For prevention of possible future incidence of these diseases, we plan to concentrate efforts on the medical selection of new employees, taking into account not only dust exposure, but also other ascertained risk factors (social, demographic, and biological, especially genetic). It seems to us that the grounds for complete prohibition of asbestos are insufficient. Substitution with alternative materials is discussed.
Synthesis of poly(butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanomaterials of anti‐crease‐whitening properties
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Mu Luye , Wang Yun , Lin Shaohui , Pan Qinmin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCore–shell nanomaterials of poly(butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) were synthesized using a differential microemulsion polymerization method for being used as polyacrylate‐based optical materials, which meet the requirement of anti‐crease‐whitening and proper mechanical strength. The effects of reaction temperature and surfactant amount on the particle sizes, as well as the effect of reaction temperature on the conversion and solid content were investigated to reveal the dependence of the application properties on the reaction conditions. The spherical morphology of core–shell nanoparticles was also studied via transmission electron microscopy. The resulting polymers with a core–shell monomer ratio of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate at 32/10 (vol/vol) demonstrated the optimal balanced properties in the anti‐crease‐whitening and mechanical property, confirmed by the visible light transmittance measurement and the dynamic analysis of the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized core–shell nanomaterials. The smaller the particle size, the better the transparency of the resulting polymer films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39991.
Preparation and properties of polycarbonate microspheres containing tetanus toxoid vaccine
Authors: Hu Bin , Ke Xi‐Jun , Yan Guo‐Ping , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Wu Yuan , Fan Chang‐Lie , Liu Yu‐Jun 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolycarbonate microspheres TT‐PC containing tetanus toxoid vaccine (TT) were prepared by the modified water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation technique, using poly(trimethylene carbonate‐co−5,5‐dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) (P(TMC‐co‐DTC), or PC) as a polymeric carrier. TT release studies showed that the microspheres sustained a steady release rate of TT in the phosphate buffer saline solution (0.1 mol L−1, pH 7.4) in vitro for 60 days. In vivo cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the polycarbonate microspheres had low toxicity and high safety in vivo in guinea pigs. Immunity and inoculation tests indicated that the TT‐PC microspheres acted as an immunological adjuvant in vivo in guinea pigs. In guinea pigs attacked with an active tetanus toxoid, an injection of the TT‐PC microspheres with a single‐dose and booster vaccination induced high levels of antitoxin efficiencies in the blood serum, showing good immunoprotection. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40048.
Preparation of a novel lysozyme molecularly imprinted polymer using uniformly sized functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres as the matrix and its application to lysozyme purification
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tian Yong‐le , Wang Ling‐ling , Han Yan‐ting 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA novel lysozyme imprinted polymer based on uniformly sized functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres has been synthesized in aqueous solution using the surface imprinting technique. The microspheres were modified with hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate to allow for the introduction of polymerizable double bonds, with β‐cyclodextrin and acrylamide being grafted onto the surface as functional monomers. The selective recognition properties of the resulting molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were investigated by HPLC. Various factors were also investigated in terms of their influence on the retention behaviors of the imprinted polymers, including the pH and salt concentration of the mobile phase. The binding capability properties of the MIPs were evaluated, and the PGMA/EDMA‐MIPs showed a high adsorption capacity for lysozyme. Furthermore, this MIP was used to separate and enrich lysozyme from egg whites. The results revealed that the lysozyme surface‐modified MIP could be used to efficiently separate and purify lysozyme from egg whites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a Molecular Target of a Novel Fungal Metabolite, Pyrrolizilactone, by Phenotypic Profiling Systems
Authors: Futamura Yushi , Kawatani Makoto , Muroi Makoto , Aono Harumi , Nogawa Toshihiko , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the course of screening our microbial metabolite fraction library, we identified a novel pyrrolizidinone compound, pyrrolizilactone. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a molecular target for pyrrolizilactone by using two phenotypic profiling systems. Cell morphology‐based profiling analysis using an imaging cytometer (MorphoBase) classified pyrrolizilactone as a proteasome inhibitor. Consistently, proteome‐based profiling analysis using 2D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE; ChemProteoBase) also demonstrated that pyrrolizilactone is associated with proteasome inhibition. On the basis of these predictions, we determined that pyrrolizilactone is a novel type of proteasome inhibitor inhibiting the trypsin‐like activity of the proteasome.
Incidence of adverse cardiac events 5 years after polymer‐free sirolimus eluting stent implantation: Results from the prospective Bad Berka Yukon Choice™ registry
Authors: Ohlow Marc‐Alexander , von Korn Hubertus , Gunkel Oliver , Farah Ahmed , Fuhrmann Joerg T. , Lauer Bernward 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesDrug‐eluting stents (DES) constitute a major achievement in preventing re‐stenosis, concerns remain regarding the increased inflammatory responses associated with the polymers used. This analysis focuses on outcomes in patients receiving the polymer‐free sirolimus‐eluting stent system YUKON‐Choice (Yukon‐DES, Translumina, Germany).MethodsFrom 01/2006‐09/2008 all patients receiving Yukon‐DES (≥2.5 mm diameter) were prospectively enrolled in our registry. The primary endpoint was long‐term major adverse cardiac events (MACE).Results701 patients were included in our registry. Mean age was 65.7 ± 10 years (73% male gender, 35.5% diabetes, and 32.2% acute coronary syndrome). 76% of the lesions were of Type B2/C. Lesion length was 24.6 ± 5.2 mm and mean stent diameter was 2.8 ± 0.4 mm. A total of 511 pts (72%) underwent 6‐months angiographic follow‐up, target vessel revascularization was noted in 23.5%. At 5 years clinical outcomes were: cardiac death 5.8%; myocardial infarction 3.4%; and TVR 24.6%. The incidence of MACE differed significantly between “on‐label” and “off‐label” indications (14.8% vs. 40.8% MACE; P < 0.001). Incidence of definitive/probable stent thrombosis (ST) was 1.14% (8/701); very late (>1 year) ST occurred in 0.29%.ConclusionOur data suggests that the implantation of the sirolimus‐coated polymer‐free YUKON‐DES is safe and feasible with a very low incidence of ST in this real world patient cohort with high percentage of diabetes and small vessels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Observation of the Binding Mode of the Phosphonate Anchor to Nanosized Polyoxotitanate Clusters
Authors: Chen Yang , Trzop Elzbieta , Sokolow Jesse D. , Coppens Philip 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe structures of three newly synthesized phosphonate‐substituted polyoxotitanates are reported. The Ti/O core of [Ti4O(OEt)12(PhenylPO3)] (1) is the building block for two larger phosphonate‐substituted nanoclusters, [Ti25O26(OEt)36(PhenylPO3)6] (2) and [Ti26O26(OEt)39(PhenylPO3)6]Br (3). All compounds exhibit a not previously recognized triply bridging binding mode of the phosphonate anchor with short connecting TiO bonds, the average of which is 2.010(7) Å. Comparison with previously reported work suggests that the binding mode of the phosphonate anchor is strongly dependent on the structure of the underlying substrate.
Predictors of Long‐term Adherence to Evidence‐based Cardiovascular Disease Medications in Outpatients With Stable Atherothrombotic Disease: Findings From the REACH Registry
Authors: Rodriguez Fátima , Cannon Christopher P. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Goto Shinya , Smith Sidney C. , Eagle Kim A. , Ohman E. Magnus , Umez‐Eronini Amarachi A. , Hoffman Elaine , Bhatt Deepak L. ,   on Behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDespite overall improvements in cardiovascular‐disease therapies and outcomes, medication nonadherence remains an important barrier to effective secondary prevention of atherothrombotic disease.HypothesisLong‐term medication adherence in outpatients with stable atherothrombotic disease is impacted by demographic and clinical factors.MethodsWe examined data from the prospective international Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. Analyses were derived from 25 737 patients with established atherothrombotic disease with complete adherence data at enrollment and at year 4. Adherence was defined as patients' self‐report of taking medications based on class I American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for secondary prevention as defined, including antiplatelet agents, statins, and antihypertensive medications.ResultsAmong patients with atherothrombotic disease, 12 500 (48.6%) were deemed adherent to guideline‐recommended medications. Adherent patients were younger, white, and had less polyvascular disease. Hispanic and East Asian patients were less likely to be adherent as compared with white patients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59‐0.88; and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.83, respectively). Patients who had a nonfatal MI or underwent coronary angioplasty/stenting during follow‐up were more likely to be adherent compared with patients without these events (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.25‐2.38; and OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.72‐2.67, respectively). On the other hand, nonfatal stroke during follow‐up was inversely associated with adherence (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.97).ConclusionsUsing a large international registry of outpatients with atherothrombotic disease, we found that age, region, race/ethnicity, and incident cardiovascular events were predictive of long‐term guideline adherence for secondary prevention, suggesting that certain patient groups may benefit from targeted interventions to improve adherence.