bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative prediction of adverse events with age-adjusted NT-proBNP in children undergoing Norwood surgery
Authors: Niedermaier Carolin , Ono Masamichi , Klawonn Frank , Holdenrieder Stefan , Lemmer Julia , Hörer Jürgen , Ewert Peter , Palm Jonas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Due to the high postoperative mortality, tools for an adaequate risk stratification are important to identify high-risk patients undergoing the Norwood procedure. As a marker of ventricular wall stress, NT-proBNP might be of particular interest in these children.

Objectives:
This study evaluated whether NT-proBNP’s age-adjusted z-score (“zlog-NT-proBNP”) predicts outcomes after stage I Norwood procedure.

Methods:
Patients who underwent the Norwood procedure between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2022, with perioperative NT-proBNP measurements available were enrolled. Since reference intervals of NT-proBNP are highly age-dependent, age-adjusted zlog-NT-proBNP was used. Serial zlog-NT-proBNP values were analysed to predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events after the Norwood procedure. Major adverse cardiovascular events was defined as death, resuscitation, or mechanical circulatory support. Secondary endpoints were re-operation and re-intervention for shunt.

Results:
A total of 139 patients underwent the Norwood procedure and had at least one NT-proBNP measurement available. Preoperative zlog-NT-proBNP measurements (median 3.7, interquartile range 3.1–4.19) showed no association with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events or mortality. Zlog-NT-proBNP early after ICU admission (3.2, interquartile range 2.4–3.8) was predictive of mortality but showed no association with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Zlog-NT-proBNP before ICU discharge (3.2, interquartile range 2.8–3.8) was significantly associated with the occurrence of both major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.25–2.67, P = 0.002) and death (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.2, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
High zlog-NT-proBNP levels after the Norwood surgery were strongly associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events and death. Therefore, zlog-NT-proBNP has the potential to identify high-risk patients before life-threatening complications occur.
A transmitarray enabling broadband high-purity OAM vortex beams in the Ka-band
Authors: Ishfaq Muhammad , Li Xiuping , Qi Zihang , Aziz Abdul , Zhao Wenyu , Majeed Abdual , Iqbal Zahid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a three-substrate layered transmitarray design that avoids the use of vias, aiming to produce broadband orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams within the Ka-band. The suggested element configuration accomplishes a full 360∘ transmission phase while upholding a 1-dB transmission loss, with an overall thickness measuring 3.4 mm (equivalent to 0.34λ0 at 30.0 GHz). Its balanced unit cell arrangement amplifies its effectiveness in applications involving dual polarization. We examine the transmitarray behavior across four OAM modes (+1, +2, +3, +4 ), unveiling notable mode purity at operating frequency. Specifically, a broadband OAM vortex beam is achieved for the +1 mode during simulation. A square aperture transmitarray fed by a horn antenna is fabricated and measured to validate these simulated findings. Experimental results confirm the successful broadband vortex beam generation for

$l = +1$

mode across the frequency spectrum from 27.0 to 40.0 GHz, approximately 43.3%. Additionally, the proposed transmitarray achieves a peak gain of 21.7 dBi, accompanied by an 11.8% aperture efficiency. Noteworthy is the consistent maintenance of mode purity above 86%.
Carbon and Nitrogen Isoscapes of Particulate Organic Matter in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Horii Sachiko , Kodama Taketoshi , Shiozaki Takuhei , Tanita Iwao , Kurogi Hiroaki , Miyamoto Hiroomi , Suyama Satoshi , Fuji Taiki , Kato Yoshiki , Ambe Daisuke , Sato Takuya , Ichikawa Tadafumi , Furuya Ken , Takahashi Kazutaka 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge‐scale geographical distributions in nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C) of particulate organic matter (POM) are essential to understand the variation in the baseline of pelagic food webs in the Pacific Ocean, where phytoplankton production and biological N2 fixation are highly variable because of heterogeneity of nitrate and iron supply. Here, we determined their isoscapes during summer and discussed potential factors characterizing regional ecosystems from the viewpoint of nitrogen cycling. We collected a total of 2,289 and 2,278 isotope values for δ13C and δ15N, respectively, by synthesizing previously published data with our newly measured data, and analyzed their relationships with temperature, concentrations of nitrate and chlorophyll‐a, and N2 fixation activity, obtained from databases. POM δ13C and δ15N regionally varied in ranges of −30 to −18‰ and −4 to 14‰, respectively. POM δ13C was correlated positively with temperature throughout the ocean. In contrast, POM δ15N was negatively correlated with nitrate concentration at high latitudes and with N2 fixation activity at low latitudes. High values (>8‰) of POM δ15N were identified mainly in the marginal area of equatorial upwelling; the highest values (10–14‰) were in the subtropical Southeastern Pacific. Using the isotopic values and nitrate concentration, we classified the ecosystems into 10 groups. Our data demonstrated the distribution patterns of ecosystems with different degrees of nitrate utilization, which are presumably associated with iron supply, and ecosystems sustained by different nitrogen sources: diazotrophic nitrogen and nitrate supplied below the nitracline and/or horizontally advected.
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly X‐Pattern Occurrences Observed by the GOLD Mission During Its First 5 Years
Authors: Daniell R. E. , Eastes R. W. , Martinis C. R. , Karan D. K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission has provided an unusual array of upper atmosphere observations from a geostationary platform, including the behavior of the low latitude nighttime ionosphere. One of the features observed by GOLD is the formation of an X‐pattern in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly when its crests collapse near the magnetic equator. This paper discusses the X‐patterns that were observed during the first 5 years of the GOLD mission (2018–2023). This catalog reveals that X‐pattern occurrences are more frequent during low solar activity, and appear to be driven by changes in the normal low latitude zonal winds. In the longitude region observed by GOLD (approximately 75°W–5°E) they occurred exclusively during the September Equinox‐December Solstice‐March Equinox seasons, and they were more likely to occur near 45°W longitude, near the point where the geomagnetic equator crosses the geographic equator in the western hemisphere.
Attenuation and Velocity Tomography of the Northern East African Rift
Authors: Eilon Z. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe northern East African Rift, including the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) and Afar, have been the focus of decades of seismological investigations and dense broadband coverage. Sometimes invoked as an archetype for a narrow continental rift, the confined surficial extension here stands in contrast to geophysical indicators of an asymmetric, broad swath of perturbed mantle. Thermodynamic conditions in this region are challenging to pin down, with melt, temperatures, and perhaps volatiles playing a part in both dynamics and controlling seismic observables. This study presents compressional () and shear‐wave () velocity () and attenuation () teleseismic tomography of the MER, from rift to flank. This involves a new methodology for measurement and quality control of differential t* for teleseisms, avoiding extrinsic focusing. This is the most comprehensive body wave travel time and attenuation data set collected in the MER and Afar to date, and the only 3‐D attenuation tomography model of a continental rift. Together, the well‐resolved co‐located models (, , ) help constrain the physical conditions within the rift through Bayesian analysis that makes explicit parameter trade‐offs. The rift is highly asymmetric, with a sharp eastern boundary but extensive low velocities, high attenuation, and implied melt organization throughout much of the western Ethiopian Plateau, including coincident with volcanism around Lake Tana. A deep‐seated plume is connected to shallow rifting. Attenuation and velocity both imply a concentration of extensional strain along the western edge of the Afar triangle.
Enhanced Particulate Nitrate Formation in Residual Layer Exacerbates Near‐Surface Pollution: Insights From Tethered Airship and Long‐Term Ground Measurements
Authors: Sun Peng , Wang Jiaping , Liu Yuliang , Nie Wei , Chi Xuguang , Xu Zheng , Ge Dafeng , Ren Chuanhua , Zhu Caijun , Huang Xin , Ding Aijun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a surge in nitrate‐driven aerosol pollution across China with N2O5 hydrolysis emerging as a critical formation pathway. Common surface measurements may misleadingly imply this process due to low nighttime ozone at surface level in winter. However, our study reveals a more complex picture by unveiling the vertical dynamics of nitrate formation through an integration of tethered airship campaign, long‐term ground measurements, and model simulations. Interestingly, we observed rapid nitrate growth at approximately 400 m altitude, where the box model revealed optimal conditions for sustained nocturnal nitrate production. The nitrate accumulated overnight in the residual layer (RL) is transported downward in the next morning as the nocturnal boundary layer breaks down, substantially increasing surface‐level nitrate and thus exacerbating pollution. Annual‐averaged diurnal patterns of nitrate measured at the ground station clearly confirm this morning increase. The vertical mixing from the RL contributes up to 80% of the total surface nitrate at 10:00 LT with its influence persisting at 31% even after sunset. Air mass trajectory analysis further confirms that emissions from city‐cluster significantly contribute to downwind pollution by transporting pollutants into the RL. This research underscores the important role of RL chemical processes, facilitated by elevated ozone, in shaping surface‐level pollution. It highlights the indispensability of vertical profiling in understanding aerosol pollution and advocates for regionally coordinated control strategies across eastern China.
Contribution of Ship Emissions to Aerosol Number Concentrations: Parameterization of Plume‐Scale Nonlinear Microphysics and Application
Authors: Mao Jingbo , Zhang Yan , Yu Fangqun , Bie Shujun , Yu Qi , Ma Weichun , Chen Jianmin , Chen Limin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractShips are an important source of tiny atmospheric particles over oceans capable of affecting clouds, and the change of ship fuel sulfur has been suggested to reduce particle cooling effects. Number concentrations and sizes of emitted particles are critical for assessing the climate and health impacts of shipping emissions. Here, we build the direct ship particle number (SPN) emission inventory and further propose a computationally efficient approach (look‐up table, EIPN) to estimate particle number emission by accounting for the subgrid process of ship plumes. In the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) coastal area along East China Sea, the total ship particle number emission estimated based on EIPN is 7.3 × 1023 particles with the values of 5.9 × 1024 particles predicted by the SPN, showing a notable overestimation by a factor of ∼8 (compared to EIPN). The particle number and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) under 0.4% water supersaturation (CCN0.4) conducted utilizing the EIPN with normalized mean biases (NMB) of −13.1% and −28.6% exhibit higher concordance with observations than those using the conventional mass emission inventory (NMB = −37.7%, −44.9%) and SPN (NMB = −57.4%, −72.2%), demonstrating the significant improvement in 3‐D models. Ship‐related particles have large spatiotemporal variations, and their contribution to CCN is driven by secondary particles. Our results support the influence of ship emissions on coastal air aerosols and CCN and highlight the importance of accounting for ship plume subgrid processes.
A New Perspective on Past Export Production in the Subantarctic South Pacific for the Last ∼1.4 Myr
Authors: Toyos María H. , Lamy Frank , Lange Carina B. , Abell Jordan T. , Lembke‐Jene Lester , Arz Helge W. , Winckler Gisela 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccurate reconstructions of export production in the Subantarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean are crucial for understanding the carbon cycle during Earth's past. However, due to the strong bottom water circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, sediment redistribution complicates age‐model‐derived bulk mass accumulation rates (BMAR). Here, we assess export production and its drivers over the past ∼1.4 Myr near the Drake Passage entrance using BMAR of biogenic barium, organic carbon, biogenic opal, calcium carbonate, and iron from sediment core PS97/093‐2, all of which are corrected for lateral sediment redistribution (corr‐BMAR). To quantify this correction, we explore the relationship between sortable silt as a bottom current strength proxy and 230Th‐derived focusing factors as indicators of lateral redistribution of sediments, respectively. Our findings highlight peak Fe input prior and during glacials of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT), likely driven by enhanced Patagonian weathering. The carbonate record indicates increased deep‐ocean corrosivity after around 1 Ma ago and displays a shift in the accumulation pattern post‐MPT, with only isolated peaks in some peak interglacials. The high carbonate values during MIS 11 likely relate to Gephyrocapsa coccolithophore propagation, preceded and followed by prolonged carbonate dissolution periods, possibly linked to the Mid‐Brunhes Event. After the MPT, productivity proxies respond to glacial and interglacial intensity, with maxima found during MIS 16, MIS 11, MIS 5, and the Holocene, while minima occur during MIS 15–12. Our findings offer insights into long‐term productivity dynamics and their relationship to important climatic events over the past 1.4 Myr.
Full-length transcriptome atlas of gallbladder cancer reveals trastuzumab resistance conferred by ERBB2 alternative splicing
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Gao Li , Jia Ziheng , Liu Liguo , Gu Ao , Liu Zhaonan , Zhu Qin , Zuo Yichen , Yang Mingjie , Wang Shijia , Ma Jiyao , Zhang Jingyun , Qiu Shimei , Li Zhizhen , Wang Jinghan , Xiang Dongxi , Liu Fatao , Shao Rong , Li Yanjing , Li Maolan , Wei Wu , Liu Yingbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aberrant RNA alternative splicing in cancer generates varied novel isoforms and protein variants that facilitate cancer progression. Here, we employed the advanced long-read full-length transcriptome sequencing on gallbladder normal tissues, tumors, and cell lines to establish a comprehensive full-length gallbladder transcriptomic atlas. It is of note that receptor tyrosine kinases were one of the most dynamic components with highly variable transcript, with Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) as a prime representative. A novel transcript, designated ERBB2 i14e, was identified for encoding a novel functional protein, and its protein expression was elevated in gallbladder cancer and strongly associated with worse prognosis. With the regulation of splicing factors ESRP1/2, ERBB2 i14e was alternatively spliced from intron 14 and the encoded i14e peptide was proved to facilitate the interaction with ERBB3 and downstream signaling activation of AKT. ERBB2 i14e was inducible and its expression attenuated anti-ERBB2 treatment efficacy in tumor xenografts. Further studies with patient derived xenografts models validated that ERBB2 i14e blockage with antisense oligonucleotide enhanced the tumor sensitivity to trastuzumab and its drug conjugates. Overall, this study provides a gallbladder specific long-read transcriptome profile and discovers a novel mechanism of trastuzumab resistance, thus ultimately devising strategies to improve trastuzumab therapy.
Matrix stiffness regulates nucleus pulposus cell glycolysis by MRTF-A-dependent mechanotransduction
Authors: Xu Haoran , Wei Kang , Ni Jinhao , Deng Xiaofeng , Wang Yuexing , Xiang Taiyang , Song Fanglong , Wang Qianliang , Niu Yanping , Jiang Fengxian , Wang Jun , Sheng Lei , Dai Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increased matrix stiffness of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue is a main feature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and affects various functions of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Glycolysis is the main energy source for NPC survival, but the effects and underlying mechanisms of increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on NPC glycolysis remain unknown. In this study, hydrogels with different stiffness were established to mimic the mechanical environment of NPCs. Notably, increased matrix stiffness in degenerated NP tissues from IVDD patients was accompanied with impaired glycolysis, and NPCs cultured on rigid substrates exhibited a reduction in glycolysis. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing analysis showed altered cytoskeleton-related gene expression in NPCs on rigid substrates. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) is a transcriptional coactivator in mechanotransduction mainly responding to cytoskeleton remodeling, which was activated and translocated to the nucleus under rigid substrate and was upregulated during IVDD progression. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that MRTF-A overexpression reduced NPC glycolytic metabolite abundance and identified a correlation with AMPK pathway. Mechanistically, rigid substrates and MRTF-A overexpression inhibited Kidins220 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in NPCs, whereas MRTF-A inhibition, treated with the MRTF-A inhibitor CCG, partially rescued NP tissue degeneration and glycolytic enzyme expression. Our data demonstrate that MRTF-A is a critical regulator that responds to increased matrix stiffness in IVDD, and MRTF-A activation reduces NPC glycolysis by down-regulating Kidins220 and inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation.
Lymph node yield as a surrogate marker for tumour biology and prognosis in colon cancer
Authors: Bundred James , Lal Nikhil , Chan Dedrick K. H. , Buczacki Simon J. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We interrogated two large national databases to explore the underlying mechanisms and institutional effects of the known association of enhanced survival with a higher lymph node yield (LNY) in non-metastatic colon cancer.

Method
Clinical and pathological data for stage I-III colon adenocarcinomas were extracted from the CORECT-R (England, 2010–2020) and SEER database (USA, 2000–2020). A lymph node (LN) cut-off for the lack of clinically significant increase in nodal positivity was identified. A multivariable Cox-regression model was developed to study the effect of LNY on overall survival. Furthermore, institutional variations in LNY and their impact on survival were explored.

Results
Patients were retrospectively included from the CORECT-R (n = 84,116) and SEER (n = 287,974) databases. No significant increase in nodal positivity was noted after a LN cut-off of 9. However, improved survival was noted in node-negative and node-positive cancers beyond this cut-off. A 1% risk-reduction concerning overall survival was reported for every node counted. We identified ten outlying institutions across England with an observed LNY greater or less than the expected, with no impact on overall survival.

Discussions
We advocate incorporating LNY into patient and clinician discussions as a surrogate marker of tumour biology and prognosis rather than using LNY as a quality indicator.
Office and home blood pressure and their difference according to frailty status among community-dwelling older adults: the NOSE study
Authors: Ohata Yuka , Kabayama Mai , Godai Kayo , Kido Michiko , Li Yaya , Akagi Yuya , Murakami Naoko , Yoshida Hiroko , Hosokawa Mariko , Tachibana Yuka , Fukata Yuka , Anzai Chihiro , Hatta Kaoru , Maeyama Yurie , Wada Arisa , Hashimoto Sumiyo , Hatanaka Hiromi , Higashi Makiko , Kikuchi Takeshi , Terauchi Keiji , Matsuno Fumie , Nagayoshi Sho , Asayama Kei , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Tabara Yasuharu , Kamide Kei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The relationship between frailty and blood pressure (BP) is inconsistent, and limited research has compared BP by frailty status using long-term home BP measurements. We aimed to identify office and home BP and determine differences according to frailty status, stratified by taking antihypertensives in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study was part of the ongoing non-randomized intervention NOSE study. Participants were aged ≥ 64 years. Frailty was categorized robust, pre-frailty, or frailty using the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Office BP was measured in survey settings, and each participant was instructed to take home BP. We used the average home BP for 4 weeks post-survey. An analysis of covariance analyzed the relationship between frailty and office and home BP, and their differences stratified by antihypertensive use. We included 418 older participants (mean age: 72.8 years); 39.5% were male, 40.4% were taking antihypertensives, and 6.7% had frailty. Individuals with frailty taking antihypertensives had higher home morning systolic BP (SBP) than those with robust (134.2 vs. 145.7 mmHg, P = 0.018) and pre-frailty (135.6 vs. 145.7 mmHg, P = 0.024). The difference between office and morning home SBP in treated participants was 7.1 mmHg (robust), 4.7 mmHg (pre-frailty), and −5.1 mmHg (frailty), showing significant differences (robust vs. frailty: P = 0.005, pre-frailty vs. frailty: P = 0.016). Home morning SBP was higher in individuals with frailty taking antihypertensives compared to those without frailty, and it may be higher than office BP. Individuals with frailty should measure home BP for good BP control.
Proteasomes accumulate in the plant apoplast where they participate in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered pathogen defense
Authors: Karimi Hana Zand , Chen Kuo-En , Karinshak Marilee , Gu Xilin , Sello Jason K. , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Akin to mammalian extracellular fluids, the plant apoplastic fluid (APF) contains a unique collection of proteins, RNAs, and vesicles that drive many physiological processes ranging from cell wall assembly to defense against environmental challenges. Using an improved method to enrich for the Arabidopsis APF, we better define its composition and discover that the APF harbors active proteasomes though microscopic detection, proteasome-specific activity and immunological assays, and mass spectrometry showing selective enrichment of the core protease. Functional analysis of extracellular (ex)-proteasomes reveals that they help promote basal pathogen defense through proteolytic release of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22 from bacterial flagellin that induce protective reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) bursts. Flagellin-triggered ROS is also strongly suppressed by the enigmatic Pseudomonas syringae virulence effector syringolin-A that blocks ex-proteasome activity. Collectively, we provide a deep catalog of apoplast proteins and evidence that ex-proteasomes participate in the evolving arms race between pathogens and their plant hosts.