bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout in early course psychosis caregivers: the role of illness beliefs and coping styles
Authors: Onwumere Juliana , Lotey Gursharan , Schulz Joerg , James Gareth , Afsharzadegan Roya , Harvey Raythe , Chu Man Lai , Kuipers Elizabeth , Raune David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsIn occupational settings, burnout is a common response to chronic exposure stressors and has been frequently documented in formal caregivers (i.e. paid psychiatric staff). However, the literature is limited on reports of burnout among informal caregivers and particularly within early psychosis groups. The current study sought to investigate reports of burnout in carers of young adults treated within a specialist early psychosis service and links with key appraisals reported about the illness and coping.MethodsSeventy‐two carers completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory along with self‐report measures of coping styles and illness beliefs.ResultsSeventy‐eight per cent of carers reported high burnout in at least one of the three key burnout markers (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or low personal accomplishment). Seven per cent of carers met full criteria for high burnout across all the three domains. A carer's belief about the negative consequences of the illness for themselves was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Low personal accomplishment was linked to a carer's less optimistic beliefs about the illness timeline and fewer reports of adaptive coping.ConclusionsThe results provide preliminary support for the importance of asking carers in the early illness phase about their experiences of caregiving. Targeted assessment may serve as a helpful tool to identify and intervene with carers in need of additional support with stress management, use of adaptive coping strategies, and balanced recovery focused information about psychosis.
SCN8A mutations in Chinese children with early onset epilepsy and intellectual disability
Authors: Kong Weijing , Zhang Yujia , Gao Yang , Liu Xiaoyan , Gao Kai , Xie Han , Wang Jingmin , Wu Ye , Zhang Yuehua , Wu Xiru , Jiang Yuwu 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectiveMutations in SCN8A, a voltage‐gated sodium‐channel type VIII alpha subunit gene, have recently been recognized as one of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to epilepsy and intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDDs). The aim of this study was to detect SCN8A mutations in Chinese patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology and ID/DD.MethodsWe used targeted next‐generation sequencing to identify SCN8A mutations in Chinese patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology and IDDs. A filter process was performed to prioritize rare variants of potential functional significance. Sanger sequencing confirmed the variants and determined the parental origin. We followed all patients with SCN8A mutations in our cohort and analyzed their clinical data.ResultsFive de novo SCN8A mutations were identified, including four novel mutations (p.Ala890Thr, p.Leu407Phe, p.Arg850Gln, and p.Ser1596Cys) and one reported (p.Arg1617Gln). Polyphen2 and SIFT software predicted that all five mutations probably damaged Nav1.6 protein function; Mutation Taster indicated that all mutations were disease‐causing. Three of these five patients were controlled well by sodium channel blockers (SCBs). Two of these three patients remained seizure free for 6 and 1.5 months, respectively. One patient had sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) at the age of 1 year and 4 months.SignificanceFive SCN8A mutations were first reported in Chinese patients with epilepsy and ID/DD, expanding the phenotype and mutation spectrum of SCN8A mutations. Although three of these patients were controlled well by SCBs in our study, the effectiveness of SCBs should be validated in more patients with epilepsy caused by SCN8A mutations in the future. One of our five patients had sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SUDEP, suggesting that we should pay more attention to SUDEP in epileptic patients with SCN8A mutations.
Becoming Human in the Face of God: Gregory of Nyssa's Unending Search for the Beatific Vision
Authors: Boersma Hans 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to effect a ressourcement of the theology of the beatific vision through reflection on Gregory of Nyssa's engagement with biblical passages that he believes speak of this vision. Through attention to Nyssen's sixth homily on the Beatitudes, commentary on The Life of Moses and Homilies on the Song of Songs, I argue that, for him, human persons find their telos when in union with Christ they become ever purer, in an ever‐increasing growth in the beatific vision. Gregory maintains that the perfection of human personhood consists of the soul always remaining in search of greater fulfilment of its desire to see God in Christ.
Comparing the Meggitt‐Wagner and the University of Texas wound classification systems for diabetic foot ulcers: inter‐observer analyses
Authors: Santema Trientje B , Lenselink Ellie A , Balm Ron , Ubbink Dirk T 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAccurate classification of diabetic foot ulcers is essential for inter‐clinician communication, assessment of healing tendency and determination of treatment options. The aim of this study was to assess the inter‐observer agreement (IOA) of the most commonly used classification systems for diabetic foot ulcers; the Meggitt‐Wagner (MW) and the University of Texas (UT) systems. In this study, 95 clinicians judged digital photographs of diabetic foot ulcers in various stages of healing. Wound depth was classified along the grades of the MW and the UT systems. IOA of the MW and UT systems was only moderate among the clinicians. This moderate agreement demonstrates that the MW and the UT systems appear not to be useful as single instrument and should always be used in combination with additional clinical information to avoid erroneous interpretations.
Adiponectin Genotype, Blood Pressures, and Arterial Stiffness: The Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese (CRC) Study
Authors: Liang Jun , Qiu Qinqin , Gong Ying , Liu Xuekui , Dou Lianjun , Zou Caiyan , Wang Yu , Qi Lu 
Published: February 2015

The authors examined whether the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variant was associated with blood pressure and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults. A genome‐wide association study of the adiponectin variant rs864265 in the ADIPOQ gene was genotyped in a total of 2364 participants. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and lipids, participants carrying the T allele of rs864265 showed a greater increase in carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Further adjustment for blood pressure did not appreciably change the association with cfPWV. The authors found significant interactions between rs864265 and BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and SBP in relation to cfPWV (P for interaction = .035, .001, .003, .013, respectively). The T allele of rs864265 was associated with high blood pressure and arterial stiffness. BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and SBP might modify the effects of genetic polymorphism on arterial stiffness.
Drug survival of cyclosporine in the treatment of hand eczema: a multicentre, daily use study
Authors: Christoffers W.A. , Politiek K. , Coenraads P.J. , van der Schaft J. , de Bruin‐Weller M.S. , Schuttelaar M.L.A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is a common condition; it is often chronic and can be difficult to treat. Cyclosporine is used off‐label to treat severe hand eczema; however, the evidence for this treatment is scarce.ObjectiveTo examine the drug survival of cyclosporine in a daily practice cohort of patients with chronic hand eczema.MethodsThis retrospective daily use study included hand eczema patients who were treated with cyclosporine between 01‐06‐1999 and 01‐06‐2014 in two Dutch university hospitals. Patient and treatment characteristics were retrospectively collected from medical charts. First treatment episodes were analysed by means of Kaplan–Meier drug survival curves. Possible determinants of drug survival were analysed by Cox regression models. Treatment effectiveness was analysed with a retrospective physician's global assessment.ResultsA total of 102 patients were treated with cyclosporine. The median drug survival rate was 0.86 years (10.3 months). The overall drug survival rate after 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years were 61.7%, 45.2%, 18.6% and 13.9% respectively. Main reasons for discontinuation were adverse events, especially early in treatment, and ineffectiveness. After 3 months, a good response to treatment was recorded in 62.9% of the patients.ConclusionCyclosporine had a median drug survival of 10.3 months. Especially patients with recurrent vesicular hand eczema showed a good treatment response.
Predicting early post‐partum depressive symptoms among older primiparous Japanese mothers
Authors: Iwata Hiroko , Mori Emi , Tsuchiya Miyako , Sakajo Akiko , Maehara Kunie , Ozawa Harumi , Morita Akiko , Maekawa Tomoko , Aoki Kyoko , Makaya Miyuki , Tamakoshi Koji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe number of older primiparas is increasing in Japan. These women have been shown to be more vulnerable to post‐partum depression. This study aimed to identify factors for predicting post‐partum depressive symptoms during hospitalization after childbirth in Japanese primiparas aged 35 years and over.MethodsThe present authors used the data of 479 primiparas aged 35 years and over from a prospective cohort study. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires on the day before hospital discharge. The questionnaire consisted of: demographics and background information; depressive symptoms; fatigue; maternal confidence and maternal satisfaction; child‐care values; physical symptoms; perceptions of daily life during hospitalization; concerns about child care and daily life; and infant feeding. Additionally, vital records data were obtained from the hospitals. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed on the binary outcome variable of depressive symptoms, measured by the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Women who scored 9 or more were considered to be at high risk for post‐partum depression. The authors obtained informed consent from all participants and institutional ethics approvals before initiating the study.ResultsThe following six variables reliably predicted the risk of post‐partum depression: emergency cesarean section, lower satisfaction with birth experience, higher physical burden in daily life, long‐term complications with the newborn, more concerns about newborn caretaking after discharge, and more concerns about one's own life after discharge.ConclusionRecognition of women with these factors will help nurses to identify those at risk for developing post‐partum depression and to provide appropriate care during hospitalization after childbirth.
Pathogenic immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: common mechanisms and possible targets for intervention
Authors: Wigren M. , Nilsson J. , Kaplan M. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects young women and is characterized by inflammation in several organs including kidneys, skin, joints, blood and nervous system. Abnormal immune cellular and humoral responses play important roles in the development of the disease process. Impaired clearance of apoptotic material is a key factor contributing to the activation of self‐reactive immune cells. The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased up to 50‐fold in patients with SLE compared to age‐ and gender‐matched controls, and this can only partly be explained by traditional risk factors for CVD. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent CVD complications in SLE. Traditional preventive CVD therapies have not been found to significantly lower the incidence of CVD in SLE; therefore, there is a need for novel treatment strategies and increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CVD complications in SLE. The pathogenic immune responses in SLE and development of atherosclerotic plaques share some characteristics, such as impaired efferocytosis and skewed T‐cell activation, suggesting the possibility of identifying novel targets for intervention. As novel immune‐based therapies for CVD are being developed, it is possible that some of these may be effective for the prevention of CVD and for immunomodulation in SLE. However, further understanding of the mechanisms leading to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular events in SLE is critical for the development of such therapies.
Regional variations in percutaneous absorption of methimazole: an in vitro study on cat skin
Authors: Hill K. E. , Chambers J. P. , Jones B. R. , Bolwell C. F. , Aberdein D. , Mills P. C. 
Published: February 2015

The use of transdermal gel medications in cats has become popular in veterinary medicine due to the ease of administration compared to oral medication. The research to support systemic absorption of drugs after transdermal gel administration and the preferred skin region to apply these drugs in cats is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of different skin regions on the percutaneous absorption pharmacokinetics of a commercially available transdermal methimazole after a finite dose was applied to feline skin in vitro. A commercial formulation of methimazole (10 mg) was applied to four skin regions (the inner stratum corneum of the ear, groin, neck, and thorax regions) from six cats. The receptor medium was sampled up to 36 h postapplication, and methimazole concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Methimazole was absorbed more completely across the pinnal skin, compared to the groin, neck, and thorax (P < 0.001), which justifies application to the pinna to maximize efficacy and also to minimize the effects of grooming.
Birth order and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: a case–control study in The Gambia
Authors: Shimakawa Yusuke , Lemoine Maud , Bottomley Christian , Njai Harr Freeya , Ndow Gibril , Jatta Abdoulie , Tamba Saydiba , Bojang Lamin , Taal Makie , Nyan Ousman , D'Alessandro Umberto , Njie Ramou , Thursz Mark , Hall Andrew J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsEarly age at infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases the risk of chronic infection. Moreover, early HBV infection may further independently increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond its effect on chronicity.MethodsThe distribution of birth order, a proxy for mode and timing of HBV transmission, was compared in The Gambia between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive HCC cases recruited from hospitals (n = 72) and two HBsAg‐positive control groups without HCC: population‐based controls from a community HBV screening (n = 392) and hospital‐based controls (n = 63).ResultsHCC risk decreased with increasing birth order in the population‐based case–control analysis. Using first birth order as the reference, the odds ratios were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.20–1.36), 0.52 (0.17–1.56), 0.57 (0.16–2.05) and 0.14 (0.03–0.64) for second, third, fourth and greater than fourth birth order respectively (P = 0.01). A similar inverse association was observed in the hospital‐based case–control comparison (P = 0.04).ConclusionsCompared to controls, HCC cases had earlier birth order, a proxy for young maternal age and maternal HBV viraemia at birth. This finding suggests that in chronic HBV carriers perinatal mother‐to‐infant transmission may increase HCC risk more than horizontal transmission. Providing HBV vaccine within 24 h of birth to interrupt perinatal transmission might reduce the incidence of HCC in The Gambia.
Phylogeography of the bluespotted cornetfish, Fistularia commersonii: a predictor of bioinvasion success?
Authors: Jackson Alexis M. , Tenggardjaja Kimberly , Perez Gerardo , Azzurro Ernesto , Golani Daniel , Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiological invasions result in huge ecological and economic impacts; therefore, a great amount of effort is dedicated to predicting the potential success of newly established or candidate bioinvaders. Thus far, over 90 species of fish have entered the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez canal, the so‐called Lessepsian bioinvaders. The bluespotted cornetfish, Fistularia commersonii, is remarkable in its ability to disperse within the Mediterranean and has been dubbed ‘the Lessepsian sprinter’. In just a few years, starting in 2000, it expanded over the entire area, from the Suez Canal to Gibraltar. Theoretical predictions correlate the dispersal capabilities of an invader in its native range (using the population genetic metrics, Fst, as a proxy) with its dispersal capability in its invading area (continuous extent of spread, CES). Here, we estimated the population genetic characteristics of Indo‐Pacific native populations of F. commersonii in order to determine if this Lessepsian ‘sprinter’ fits the predictive model of dispersal. Indeed, we found that even in the case of such a very rapid range expansion, the predicted relationship between Fst and CES is fulfilled in F. commersonii.
Iron bioavailability in 8–24‐month‐old Thai children from a micronutrient‐fortified quick‐cooking rice containing ferric ammonium citrate or a mixture of ferrous sulphate and ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Authors: Chavasit Visith , Porasuphatana Suparat , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Zeder Christroph , Hurrell Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA quick‐cooking rice, produced from broken rice, is a convenient ingredient for complementary foods in Thailand. The rice is fortified with micronutrients including iron during the processing procedure, which can cause unacceptable sensory changes. A quick‐cooking rice fortified with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or a mixture of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA), with a 2:1 molar ratio of iron from FeSO4 : iron from NaFeEDTA (FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA), gave a product that was organoleptically acceptable. The study compared iron absorption by infants and young children fed with micronutrient‐fortified quick‐cooking rice containing the test iron compounds or FeSO4. Micronutrient‐fortified quick‐cooking rice prepared as a traditional Thai dessert was fed to two groups of 15 8–24‐month healthy Thai children. The iron fortificants were isotopically labelled with 57Fe for the reference FeSO4 or 58Fe for the tested fortificants, and iron absorption was quantified based on erythrocyte incorporation of the iron isotopes 14 days after feeding. The relative bioavailability of FAC and of the FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA was obtained by comparing their iron absorption with that of FeSO4. Mean fractional iron absorption was 5.8% [±standard error (SE) 1.9] from FAC and 10.3% (±SE 1.9) from FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA. The relative bioavailability of FAC was 83% (P = 0.02). The relative bioavailability of FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA was 145% (P = 0.001). Iron absorption from the rice containing FAC or FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA was sufficiently high to be used in its formulation, although iron absorption from FeSO4 + NaFeEDTA was significantly higher (P < 0.00001).
Explaining Disagreement: A Problem for (Some) Hybrid Expressivists
Authors: Eriksson John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHybrid expressivists depart from pure expressivists by claiming that moral sentences express beliefs and desires.DanielBoisvert andMichaelRidge, two prominent defenders of hybrid views, also depart from pure expressivists by claiming that moral sentences express general attitudes rather than an attitude towards the subject of the sentence. This article argues that even if the shift to general attitudes helps solve some of the traditional problems associated with pure expressivism, a view likeRidge's, according to which the descriptive meaning is speaker relative, turns out to have problems explaining moral disagreement.
Successful Treatment of Severe Psoriasis in an Adolescent with Ustekinumab
Authors: AbuHilal Mohn'd , Ho Nhung 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, immune‐mediated disease. Approximately 30% of patients have disease onset before age 18 years. Psoriasis in children and adolescents may be difficult to control, with subsequent poor quality of life and psychosocial consequences. We describe the case of a 12‐year‐old boy with severe, refractory, chronic plaque psoriasis for 6 years. Various therapeutic regimens including different topical corticosteroids, topical vitamin D analogs, phototherapy, photochemotherapy, systemic therapy with methotrexate, cyclosporin, and combination therapies showed only partial or transient responses with frequent relapses. Because anti‐interleukin‐12/23 agents have been successfully used in adults with psoriasis, ustekinumab was initiated and our patient showed a rapid, excellent, sustained response. No recurrence or flares have been observed after 33 months of follow‐up. This case illustrates that ustekinumab may be an effective and safe therapeutic option in adolescents with psoriasis.
Interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha serum levels in chronic Chagas disease patients
Authors: Vasconcelos R. H. T. , Azevedo E. de A. N. , Diniz G. T. N. , Cavalcanti M. da G. A. de M. , de Oliveira W. , de Morais C. N. L. , Gomes Y. de M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn Chagas disease, chronically infected individuals may be asymptomatic or may present cardiac or digestive complications, and it is well known that the human immune response is related to different clinical manifestations. Different patterns of cytokine levels have been previously described in different clinical forms of this disease, but contradictory results are reported. Our aim was to evaluate the serum levels of interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in patients with asymptomatic and cardiac Chagas disease. The serum interleukin‐10 levels in patients with cardiomyopathy were higher than those in asymptomatic patients, mainly in those without heart enlargement. Although no significant difference was observed in serum tumour necrosis factor‐alpha levels among the patients, we found that cardiac patients also present high levels of this cytokine, largely those with heart dilatation. Therefore, these cytokines play an important role in chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Follow‐up investigations of these and other cytokines in patients with chronic Chagas disease need to be conducted to improve the understanding of the immunopathology of this disease.