bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les couleurs du pouvoir politique sous le ciel parisien
Authors: Melison-Hirchwald Gabrielle 
Published: December 2014

Drapeau tricolore, blanc des monarchistes, rouge des révolutionnaires, bleu des républicains : le pouvoir politique installe ses couleurs tout au long du XIX e siècle. Dans une perspective lexicographique, il a semblé pertinent de s’interroger de façon plus précise sur le fonctionnement du binôme couleur/politique dans un corpus d’une quinzaine de romans essentiellement parisiens (1869-1897), présents dans la base Frantext. De Flaubert à Daudet, en passant par Zola et Vallès, l’utilisation de la couleur paraît d’abord un excellent moyen de partition sociale. Parmi les couleurs du politique, se distinguent le noir, le blanc, le bleu, le vert, le jaune et surtout le rouge, dont la richesse sémantique s’exprime d’une façon remarquable. Entre Empire, République et Révolution, la couleur rouge prédomine en effet, qu’elle soit employée seule ou associée aux couleurs précitées.
La mondialisation à l'ère de la culture sérielle
Authors: Letourneux Matthieu 
Published: December 2014

Au XIX e siècle, on assiste à une circulation des imaginaires sériels : mystères urbains, récits d’aventures historiques, géographiques ou scientifiques, romans policiers ont ainsi été diffusés dans tout l’occident, produisant des effets d’architextualité internationaux. La stratification des stéréotypes a permis l’assimilation des récits importés par les séries culturelles locales, suivant un principe de négociation permettant aux auteurs d’affirmer une spécificité nationale. Ainsi les imaginaires sériels ont-ils joué un rôle important dans la circulation des représentations, imposant un imaginaire commun de la modernité. Mais le paradoxe, c’est qu’en même temps que ces productions ont pu régulièrement donner lieu à des appropriations nationalistes cherchant à exprimer le génie des pays qui les assimilaient, elles ont progressivement participé à la constitution d’imaginaires occidentaux mondialisés.
L'être en souffrance de « la pauvre Leonore » (Une relecture du Werther de Goethe)
Authors: Forget Philippe 
Published: December 2014

Le présent article assume sa rupture avec la tradition interprétative du Werther de Goethe qui, à force de répétitions, avait accrédité une vérité canonique dans les limites de laquelle toute lecture devait se contenir. On oubliait alors que ce ne sont pas des circonstances externes présumées qui font (le sens de) l’œuvre, mais que l’œuvre se constitue et se transforme en déployant du sens à partir de ses éléments constitutifs, sans exclusive aucune. On s’intéresse donc ici à un passage à la fois surexposé et refoulé de ce roman (la référence appuyée à Léonore dans l’ incipit), pour proposer une hypothèse de lecture fondée sur un nombre significatif d’indices cohérents et jusqu’ici restés lettre morte. Pour autant, il ne s’agit pas là d’un autre roman : tout au plus vient-on rappeler l’urgence de comprendre qu’un texte n’est tel qu’à proposer une signifiance ouverte, et qu’on ne devient lecteur qu’à s’y soumettre activement.
Éloge de la folie. La mort d'un bureaucrate de Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
Authors: Berthier Nancy 
Published: December 2014

La mort d’un bureaucrate (1966), comédie de Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, est généralement abordée sous l’angle politico-social d’une attaque en règle contre la bureaucratie dans la Cuba révolutionnaire. Cependant, le film peut se penser également comme une réflexion sur la manière dont l’individu, confronté à la brutalité de la machine bureaucratique, est susceptible de développer en retour de sévères pathologies face à l’absurdité des situations qu’elle engendre. C’est dans cette perspective que sera menée ici l’étude de la mise en scène de la folie criminelle de Juanchín – jeune homme sans histoires, qui finira par assassiner un bureaucrate, comme une libération salutaire, au terme d’une lente montée de la folie – dont nous tenterons de dégager les enjeux, par-delà la critique du système cubain.
Progress Testing for Medical Students at the University of Auckland: Results from the First Year of Assessments
Authors: Lillis Steven , Yielder Jill , Mogol Vernon , O'Connor Barbara , Bacal Kira , Booth Roger , Bagg Warwick 
Published: December 2014

Background Progress testing is a method of assessing longitudinal progress of students using a single best answer format pitched at the standard of a newly graduated doctor. Aim To evaluate the results of the first year of summative progress testing at the University of Auckland for Years 2 and 4 in 2013. SUBJECTS: Two cohorts of medical students from Years 2 and 4 of the Medical Program. Methods A survey was administered to all involved students. Open text feedback was also sought. Psychometric data were collected on test performance, and indices of reliability and validity were calculated. Results The three tests showed increased mean scores over time. Reliability of the assessments was uniformly high. There was good concurrent validity. Students believe that progress testing assists in integrating science with clinical knowledge and improve learning. Year 4 students reported improved knowledge retention and deeper understanding. Conclusion Progress testing has been successfully introduced into the Faculty for two separate year cohorts and results have met expectations. Other year cohorts will be added incrementally. Recommendation Key success factors for introducing progress testing are partnership with an experienced university, multiple and iterative briefings with staff and students as well as demonstrating the usefulness of progress testing by providing students with detailed feedback on performance.
A gas adsorption porosimetry analysis of Portland cement prepared by compaction vs. compaction with indirect ultrasonic agitation
Authors: Azizi Nader , Cubas Yltze P , Orellana Maria F 
Published: December 2014

Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), is commonly used in endodontic and restorative procedures. Objective: Our objective was to introduce gas adsorption porosimetry as a viable method for evaluation of general porosity and specific pore characteristics of set Portland cement used in substitute for MTA, to investigate the effect of two different obturation methods (compaction and compaction in conjunction with indirect ultrasonic agitation of the cement paste), and to evaluate the correlation between the specific pore characteristics to compressive strength in general. Material and Methods: Portland cement samples were prepared and divided into two groups based on compaction techniques. An initial stereomicroscopic evaluation was done to assess any differences in appearance of pores randomly selected from either of the two experimental groups. Specific pore characteristics and compressive strength were quantified by a gas adsorption porosimeter and an Instron universal testing machine. A two tailed student t-test was used for statistical comparison of data, and a regression analysis was done to evaluate the correlation between each specific pore characteristic and compressive strength in general. Results: The gas porosimetry method provided measurable values relating to specific pore characteristics of Portland cement. The stereomicroscopy evaluation revealed marked differences between samples from the two groups, namely visibly larger pores both on the outside surface and in cross-sections of specimens prepared by the indirect ultrasonic activation method. Conclusions: Gas adsorption porosimetry is a feasible method for evaluation of specific pore characteristics of Portland cement and potentially other dental materials as well.
Nog meer sterke verhalen
Authors: Janssen Janine , Sanberg Ruth 
Published: December 2014

True life stories of honour based violence as told on the internet and as told by men
Honour-based violence (HBV) is a tight knot of conflict, gender and ethnicity. It is also the sensational subject of many bestselling books, in which mostly female victims of HBV tell their life stories. Researchers of feminism and multiculturalism argue that migrant women are often presented as passive victims, and migrant men as violent perpetrators. In our first article for PROCES on this subject, we analysed ten (auto)biographies of female victims of HBV, using theoretical insights on stigmatization. After the publication of this article, we continued to collect these true life stories. In our current article, we analyse two new aspects: how do these stories find their way to the Internet, and are there any HBV stories by male authors? Do stories by male authors shed a different light on honour conflicts and on stereotypes of culture and gender?
Pictures in Motion or Motion Pictures: Sembène’s Natural Products Steal the Show
Authors: Copeland V. Natasha E. 
Published: December 2014

Dans ses films Xala (1974) et Ceddo (1977), Sembène redéfinit l’usage des sculptures traditionnelles en bois, tout en demeurant fidèle aux métaphysiques sahéliennes dans ses innovations esthétiques, littéraires ou cinématographiques. Des masques, un bâton ou une canne jouent à l’écran un rôle qui, en raison de leur propre vitalité et de leur étroite association avec divers personnages, capte l’attention du public autant que le font les héros des films. Sembène oppose, dans la trame de ses films, la force vitale de ces objets africains à celle d’artefacts, symboles de l’Occident. Sculptés par l’homme, les objets africains restent en relation avec l’environnement dont leur substance est tirée ; Sembene établit de surcroît, entre lieux et personnages, des liens profonds, notamment entre les arbres, le bois et les hommes.
What makes orphans in Kigali, Rwanda, non‐adherent to antiretroviral therapy? Perspectives of their caregivers
Authors: Kikuchi Kimiyo , Poudel Krishna C , Muganda John , Sato Tomoko , Mutabazi Vincent , Muhayimpundu Ribakare , Majyambere Adolphe , Nyonsenga Simon P , Sase Eriko , Jimba Masamine 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionEvery year, approximately 260,000 children are infected with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The timely initiation and high level of maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are crucial to reducing the suffering of HIV‐positive children. We need to develop a better understanding of the background of children's ART non‐adherence because it is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the background related to ART non‐adherence, specifically in relation to the orphan status of children in Kigali, Rwanda.MethodsWe conducted 19 focus group discussions with a total of 121 caregivers of HIV‐positive children in Kigali. The primary data for analysis were verbatim transcripts and socio‐demographic data. A content analysis was performed for qualitative data analysis and interpretation.ResultsThe study found several contextual factors that influenced non‐adherence: among double orphans, there was psychological distance between the caregivers and children, whereas economic burden was the primary issue among paternal orphans. The factors promoting adherence also were unique to each orphan status, such as the positive attitude about disclosing serostatus to the child by double orphans’ caregivers, and feelings of guilt about the child's condition among non‐orphaned caregivers.ConclusionsKnowledge of orphan status is essential to elucidate the factors influencing ART adherence among HIV‐positive children. In this qualitative study, we identified the orphan‐related contextual factors that influenced ART adherence. Understanding the social context is important in dealing with the challenges to ART adherence among HIV‐positive children.
Use of Real-Time Physiologic Parameter Assessment to Augment Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Training for First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Heath Deborah M. , S. Makin Inder Raj , Pedapati Chandhana , Kirsch Jonathon 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Context: The first 2 years of osteopathic medical school involve training in osteopathic principles and practice, including understanding the tenets of osteopathic medicine and developing palpatory skills for clinical application. Although this training emphasizes the link between somatic dysfunction and physiologic function, it does not include the opportunity for students to quantitatively assess the physiologic effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) using physiologic measurements.

Objective: To evaluate an approach for integrated OMT training coupled with physiologic measurements of relevant parameters, whereby first-year osteopathic medical students assess the quantitative, real-time changes in specific physiologic signals during instruction.

Methods: During mandatory musculoskeletal and cardiovascular demonstration laboratories at a single osteopathic medical school, students were divided into small groups and performed OMT on each other while recording real-time measurements of physiologic functions such as maximum clench force, time to fatigue for the forearm flexor muscles, heart rate, and peripheral vascular flow. After data were collected, students analyzed pre- and post-OMT measurements and discussed underlying physiologic principles in a large group format. At the end of the sessions, students completed a brief survey on the usefulness of the integrated laboratories.

Results: Overall, 13 of 28 student groups (46.4%) measured a pre- to post-OMT increase in maximum clench force, and 16 (57.1%) observed an increase in time to fatigue for the forearm flexor muscles. Twenty-three of 27 student groups (85.2%) observed a reduction in heart rate and 19 (70.4%) measured an increase in peripheral vascular flow after OMT. Student satisfaction was generally favorable, with overall mean (SD) ratings of 6.38 (1.86) for the musculoskeletal laboratory and 7.81 (1.69) for the cardiovascular laboratory out of a maximum of 10 points. In open-ended comments, students deemed the combined laboratories as clinically applicable but desired more time for completing the laboratories.

Conclusion: Measurement of specific physiologic musculoskeletal and cardiovascular parameters before and after OMT enabled quantification of physiologic responses to OMT. Students' favorable feedback indicated that the quality of learning in the laboratories was enhanced by the addition of physiologic measurements. J Am Osteopath Assoc.2014;114(12):918-929 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2014.179
Right Hemicolectomy in a Severely Anemic Jehovah's Witness Patient With an Extremely Low Preoperative Hemoglobin Level and the Decision to Operate
Authors: Yeykal Joshua M. , Stausmire Julie M. , ACNS-BC  , Y. Ahmed Mohammed , Pai Ajith 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Severe anemia is associated with high mortality, and patients with this condition are typically treated with packed blood red cells. Patients of Jehovah's Witness faith, however, do not accept blood transfusion therapy. The authors report the case of a Jehovah's Witness patient who presented with lower gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to

Clostridium difficile

colitis. Because the patient refused blood transfusion therapy, he underwent a right hemicolectomy with a preoperative hemoglobin level of 2.7 g/dL and a postoperative hemoglobin level of 1.8 g/dL. He was neurologically intact and discharged to a skilled care facility on postoperative day 10. The surgical team worked with the patient, his family, the anesthesiologists, and the Jehovah's Witness Hospital Liaison Committee physician members to devise a care plan that fully supported and respected the patient's religious beliefs and allowed him to maintain complete autonomy in his treatment decisions. Health care providers should be aware of how a patient's ethical, cultural, and religious background may impact treatment options.
J Am Osteopath Assoc.2014;114(12):930-935 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2014.180
Effects of Mosquito Ditching in North Carolina
Authors: Marshall Howard L. , Schwartz Frank J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Ditches, creeks, and adjacent estuarine waters of three coastal marshes located at North River and Jarrett Bay, Carteret County, North Carolina were studied between March 1971–March 1972. Irregularly flooded Juncus romerianus (Black Needle Rush) vegetation dominated the marshes. Winds influenced flooding and, during one hurricane, distribution of large vegetation mats on the marshes. Recording tide gauges at North River and Jarrett Bay, referenced to marsh surfaces, documented tidal flooding of the marshes. In a comparison study these recording tide gauges documented flooding of mosquito breeding sites in a manner never previously observed in North Carolina. Ditches produced large quantities of fishes and invertebrates as did creek and estuary habitats. Spot and blue crabs were most abundant and weighed the most at each site. Wind tides and hurricanes influenced flooding, salinities and vegetation fragments that transferred to the estuary. Irregularly flooded marshes, both ditched and unditched, are integral and important components of the estuary.
Stress drops of repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield
Authors: Abercrombie Rachel E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI calculate well‐resolved corner frequencies and stress drops for 25 earthquakes (1989–2006) in the three repeating sequences targeted by the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, using borehole data and multiple, highly correlated empirical Green's functions (EGFs). The earthquakes in the largest magnitude (M ~ 2.1) cluster exhibit source spectra well‐fit by a circular source model. The corner frequencies correlate with those from the regional study by Allmann and Shearer (), suggesting that the interevent variability is resolvable. The earthquakes have stress drops between 25 and 65 MPa, with a gradual increase before the 2004 M6 earthquake, followed by an immediate decrease, then a rapid return to previous levels. The spectra of the cluster of M ~ 1.9 earthquakes include high‐frequency energy not fit by simple source models and so stress drops are unreliable, and probably underestimated (1–20 MPa). There is no correlation with previous studies, and interevent variation is not resolvable. The earthquakes in the smallest magnitude cluster (M ~ 1.8) have the highest corner frequencies, but similar stress drops (4–120 MPa). The stress drops exhibit the same temporal variation as the first cluster, but there is poor correlation with Allmann and Shearer (), probably because their frequency bandwidth is too limited.
Actuarial Methods
Authors: Haberman Steven 
Published: December 2014

AbstractActuarial methods overlap with biostatistics in a number of important areas including the development and application of the survival model, and its extensions—the multiple decrement and multiple state models; projections of populations that involve extrapolations of demographic and biostatistical rates and probabilities; parametric and nonparametric methods of smoothing and curve fitting (known as graduation); and risk classification. In each of these areas, actuarial science has followed the innovations in statistical and biostatistical theory and application and developed these further for specific actuarial applications.
Dementia and Language
Authors: Wray Alison 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDementiarefers to a set of conditions affecting aspects of cognitive processing, caused by damage to the brain's cerebrum. The cerebrum is composed of four major regions, or lobes, which between them manage higher mental functions including sensory perception, movement, memory, thought, recognition, attention, consciousness, and language. It also has two hemispheres, left and right, and while some functions, such as motor movement, are bilateral, that is, equally represented in both hemispheres, others are at least partly lateralized to one hemisphere. For example, language production and comprehension are strongly associated with the left temporal lobe, while the emotional and pragmatic elements of language are associated with the right frontal lobe. As a result, language processing as a whole relies on good connections between and within the hemispheres, and damage in many different regions can impact on language in one way or another.
Grammatical Collocation
Authors: Gyllstad Henrik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCollocation in language can generally be described from two dominating theoretical: (a) a frequency‐based approach focusing on the habitual co‐occurrence of two or more words in natural language use and the identification of such co‐occurrence on statistical grounds; and (b) a phraseological approach focusing on collocations as word combinations governed by semantic aspects, such as idiomaticity and restricted substitutability.
Impoliteness and Television
Authors: Blitvich Pilar Garcés‐conejos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe study of language aggression from a pragmatic theoretical perspective has been mostly tackled by theories and models of impoliteness. After decades of an almost exclusive focus by practitioners of pragmatics and interactional sociolinguistics on harmonious communication and the mitigation of potential conflict, the late 1990s and early 2000s witnessed an increasing interest in the understanding of conflictive interaction. In the heyday of politeness research, scholars had voiced some concerns regarding the fact that analyses of politeness mostly focused on face‐to‐face communication, overlooking interaction in institutional practices.
Intercultural Interaction
Authors: Spencer‐Oatey Helen , Franklin Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract“Intercultural interaction” refers to the behavior (including, but not limited to, verbal and nonverbal communication) that occurs when members of different cultural groups engage in joint activity. Such a definition raises a number of questions, including how to distinguish different cultural groups and what interaction entails. Traditionally nationality or ethnicity has been taken as the criterion for distinguishing cultural groups, but in fact the situation is much more complex than this. We are all members of multiple different cultural groups (e.g., professional, organizational, religious), each of which can be said to have its own culture in terms of values, norms, and patterns of behavior. So what then counts as “intercultural” interaction?
Morphology and
L
2 Lexical Access
Authors: Gor Kira 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Second language (L2) learners encounter new words that are further divisible into morphemes, the smallest linguistic units bearing meaning. How do they access such complex words in the mental lexicon? They have two options: a learner of English who hears the word
unreadable
, for example, can (a) search for it in memory or (b) decompose the word and analyze its constituents:
un‐read‐able
. The first route will be available to the learner only if the word is indeed stored in the mental lexicon. The second decompositional route can be used for both familiar and unfamiliar words.