bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universality of random graphs and rainbow embedding
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Nenadov Rajko , Peter Ueli 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper we show how to use simple partitioning lemmas in order to embed spanning graphs in a typical member of . Let the maximum density of a graph H be the maximum average degree of all the subgraphs of H. First, we show that for , a graph w.h.p. contains copies of all spanning graphs H with maximum degree at most Δ and maximum density at most d. For , this improves a result of Dellamonica, Kohayakawa, Rödl and Rucińcki. Next, we show that if we additionally restrict the spanning graphs to have girth at least 7 then the random graph contains w.h.p. all such graphs for . In particular, if , the random graph therefore contains w.h.p. every spanning tree with maximum degree bounded by Δ. This improves a result of Johannsen, Krivelevich and Samotij.Finally, in the same spirit, we show that for any spanning graph H with constant maximum degree, and for suitable p, if we randomly color the edges of a graph with colors, then w.h.p. there exists a rainbow copy of H in G (that is, a copy of H with all edges colored with distinct colors). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 48, 546–564, 2016
Confocal microscopy evaluation of the effect of irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: An in vitro study
Authors: Flach Nicole , Böttcher Daiana Elisabeth , Parolo Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi , Firmino Luciana Bitello , Malt Marisa , Lammers Marcelo Lazzaron , Grecca Fabiana Soares 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of two endodontic irrigants and their association against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Twenty‐four bovine incisors were inoculated in a monoculture of E. faecalis for 21 days. After this period, the teeth were divided into three test groups (n = 5) according to the chemical used. Group 1: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), group 2: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), group 3: 2.5% NaOCl + 2% CHX gel, and two control groups (n = 3): negative control group (NCG)—sterile and without root canals preparation and positive control group (PCG)—saline. Then, the samples were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide and subjected to analysis by CLSM. Bacterial viability was quantitatively analyzed by the proportions of dead and live bacteria in the biofilm remnants. Statistical analysis was performed by the One‐way ANOVA test (p = 0.05). No statistical differences were observed to bacterial viability. According to CLSM analysis, none of the tested substances could completely eliminate E. faecalis from the root canal space. Until now, there are no irrigant solutions able to completely eliminate E. faecalis from the root canal. In this regard, the search for irrigants able to intensify the antimicrobial action is of paramount importance. SCANNING 38:57–62, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excess Integrins Cause Lung Entrapment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Shan , Guo Ling , Ge Jianfeng , Yu Lin , Cai Ting , Tian Ruiyun , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Robert CH , Wu Yaojiong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are largely entrapped in the lungs after intravenous delivery. The underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of many integrins such as β1, α5, and αVβ3 in MSCs increased markedly upon cultured expansion in 2D monolayers, whose ligands fibronectin and vitronectin were detected on the surface of vascular endothelial cells in the lungs by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Blockade of integrin β1, integrin α5, or integrins αVβ3 with functional blocking antibodies significantly decreased the amount of MSCs entrapped in the lungs following intravenous infusion as determined by real-time PCR and histological analysis; meanwhile, corresponding increases in the levels of circulating MSCs in the blood and MSCs homed to the ischemic myocardium and inflamed ear were found. Intriguingly, a short period of 3D spheroid culture of MSCs, which had been expanded for several passages in monolayers, substantially reduced the expression levels of many integrins and the number of MSCs entrapped in the lungs. Our results indicate that the excess expression and activation of integrins is a significant cause of lung entrapment of MSCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:3315–3326
Porcine cytomegalovirus infection is not associated to the occurrence of post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
Authors: Cibulski Samuel Paulo , Pasqualim Gabriela , Teixeira Thais Fumaco , Varela Ana Paula Muterle , Dezen Diogenes , Holz Carine Lidiane , Franco Ana Cláudia , Roehe Paulo Michel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPorcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a Betaherpesvirus that causes lifelong latent infections in swine; occasionally, it may be associated with inclusion body rhinitis in piglets and reproductive disorders in pregnant sows. Post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) a condition where porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is necessary – though not sufficient – to trigger disease, has become one of the major health problems to the porcine productive chain. Despite the high expected prevalence of both PCMV and PCV2 in swine‐raising farms, no links between PCMV and PMWS have been investigated so far. In view of that, the present study was conducted to search for relations between PCMV infections and the occurrence of PMWS. Spleen and sera of PMWS‐affected and non‐PWMS‐affected animals were examined. In PMWS‐affected animals, PCMV DNA was detected in 88.4% of the spleen samples and 7.6% of the sera, whereas in non‐PMWS‐affected pigs, PCMV DNA was detected in 72.7% of the spleens and 10% of sera. Such differences were not statistically significant. These findings showed despite the high prevalence of PCMV infections in the swine population examined, no positive or negative association could be inferred from the presence of PCMV DNA and the occurrence of PMWS.
Robust geocast routing protocols for safety and comfort applications in VANETs
Authors: Bousbaa Fatima Zohra , Zhou Fen , Lagraa Nasreddine , Yagoubi Mohamed Bachir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRouting in cooperative vehicular networks is a challenging task because of high mobility of vehicles and difficulty of localization. In this paper, we study the geocast routing problem in Vehicular Ad‐hoc NETworks (VANETs), which aims at delivering data to a specific group of mobile vehicles identified by their geographical location. Although many geocast routing protocols have been proposed, only partial inherent constraints of VANETs (such as mobility, internal network fragmentation problem, external network fragmentation problem, and overload) are taken into account. Therefore, we propose two novel and robust geocast routing protocols: the first one, called Robust Geocast Routing Protocol for Safety Applications (RGRP‐SA), is dedicated to road safety applications, while the second, namely, Robust Geocast Routing Protocol for Comfort Applications (RGRP‐CA), is designed for comfort applications. Simulations conducted in NS‐2 demonstrate that our safety‐oriented RGRP‐SA protocol outperforms Inter‐Vehicle Geocast protocol and Mobicast Routing Protocol in VANETs by sending up to 25% more packets, cutting the end‐to‐end delay in half, and solving the internal network fragmentation problem. Besides, it is also shown that our comfort‐oriented RGRP‐CA protocol serves well comfort applications with only light overhead by solving internal and external network fragmentation problems and providing more reliable data delivery (with a 25% higher packet delivery ratio) and higher network throughput utilization in comparison with Mobicast with Carry‐and‐Forward protocol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy for Cancer: Short‐Term Oncologic Outcomes in 1733 Patients
Authors: Adam Mohamed Abdelgadir , Choudhury Kingshuk , Goffredo Paolo , Reed Shelby D. , Blazer Dan , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundData from high‐volume institutions suggest that minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) provides favorable perioperative outcomes and adequate oncologic resection for pancreatic cancer; however, these outcomes may not be generalizable. This study examines patterns of use and short‐term outcomes from MIDP (laparoscopic or robotic) versus open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the United States.MethodsAdult patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy were identified from the National Cancer Database, 2010–2011. Multivariable modeling was applied to compare short‐term outcomes from MIDP versus ODP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Results1733 patients met inclusion criteria: 535 (31 %) had MIDP and 1198 (69 %) ODP. Use of MIDP increased 43 % between 2010 and 2011; the conversion rate from MIDP to ODP was 23 %. MIDP cases were performed at 215 hospitals, with 85 % of hospitals performing <10 cases overall. After adjustment, pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients undergoing MIDP versus ODP had a similar likelihood of complete resection (OR 1.48, p = 0.10), number of lymph nodes removed (RR 1.01, p = 0.91), and 30‐day readmission rate (OR 1.02, p = 0.96); however, length of stay was shorter (RR 0.84, p < 0.01).ConclusionsUse of MIDP for cancer is increasing, with most centers performing a low volume of these procedures. Use of MIDP for body and tail pancreatic adenocarcinoma appears to have short‐term outcomes that are similar to those of open procedures with the benefit of a shorter hospital stay. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed.
Influence of nitrogen source and pH value on undesired poly(γ-glutamic acid) formation of a protease producing Bacillus licheniformis strain
Authors: Meissner Lena , Kauffmann Kira , Wengeler Timo , Mitsunaga Hitoshi , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Büchs Jochen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Bacillus spp. are used for the production of industrial enzymes but are also known to be capable of producing biopolymers such as poly(γ-glutamic acid). Biopolymers increase the viscosity of the fermentation broth, thereby impairing mixing, gas/liquid mass and heat transfer in any bioreactor system. Undesired biopolymer formation has a significant impact on the fermentation and downstream processing performance. This study shows how undesirable poly(γ-glutamic acid) formation of an industrial protease producing Bacillus licheniformis strain was prevented by switching the nitrogen source from ammonium to nitrate. The viscosity was reduced from 32 to 2.5 mPa s. A constant or changing pH value did not influence the poly(γ-glutamic acid) production. Protease production was not affected: protease activities of 38 and 46 U mL−1 were obtained for ammonium and nitrate, respectively. With the presented results, protease production with industrial Bacillus strains is now possible without the negative impact on fermentation and downstream processing by undesired poly(γ-glutamic acid) formation.
Contraception Use, Abortions, and Births: The Effect of Insurance Mandates
Authors: Mulligan Karen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Beginning August, 2012, the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) required new private health insurance plans to cover contraceptive methods and counseling without requiring an insured’s copay. The ACA represents the first instance of federally mandated contraception insurance coverage, but 30 U.S. states had already mandated contraceptive insurance coverage through state-level legislation prior to the ACA. This study examines whether mandated insurance coverage of contraception affects contraception use, abortions, and births. I find that mandates increase the likelihood of contraception use by 2.1 percentage points, decrease the abortion rate by 3 %, and have an insignificant impact on the birth rate. The results imply a lower-bound estimate that the ACA will result in approximately 25,000 fewer abortions.
Validation of a score to guide endometriosis therapy for the non‐specialized gynecologist
Authors: Lasmar Ricardo B. , Lasmar Bernardo P. , Keller Celeste Roger , Larbig Angelika , De Wilde Rudy L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a tool—the ECO system—developed to guide non‐specialized gynecologists in the treatment of patients with suspected endometriosis in outpatient clinics.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were assessed from patients presenting to a center in Brazil or a center in Germany with suspected endometriosis and pelvic pain between July 2012 and June 2013. Data reviewed included patient complaints, clinical extent of disease, patient goals, recent use of medication, previous pelvic surgeries, visual analog pain scale, treatment provided, and histopathology after surgery. Data were transformed into a score according to the ECO system (0–6) indicating the suggested management, which was compared with the approach used in the study hospitals.ResultsAmong 166 patients, 78 (47.0%) were medically treated and 88 (53.0%) underwent therapeutic laparoscopy. All 3 patients scoring 2 had undergone hormonal treatment. Among 51 patients scoring 3, 49 (96.1%) were clinically managed and 2 (3.9%) underwent surgery. Among 52 patients scoring 4, 26 (50.0%) had undergone medical treatment and 26 (50.0%) surgical treatment. All 56 patients who scored 5 and the four patients who scored 6 underwent surgery.ConclusionThe ECO system seems to effectively represent the management of patients with endometriosis in specialized services.
Practitioners’ perspective on pain disabilities in Ghanaian women. A qualitative study
Authors: Ayim-Aboagye D. , Gordh T. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Aims
Women show higher frequency of most painful disorders. This is usually explained that endogenous pain modulation pathways, which affect incoming nociceptive signals, act differently in women and men, but psycho-social factors are likelytoinfluence as well. Ghanaian women suffer different disabilities that may lead to severe pain. The hard climatic conditions and the hard physical toil in work exert untold injuries. How do women in Ghana cope with painful disorders, and do they show certain behavioural pattern during diagnosis and treatments?

Methods
The study used in-depth interviews with health care providers to accomplish its aim. The “snowball effect” was added by which those interviewed aided us to find other prospective interviewee. In qualitative methodology, such an approach can be adopted to enable the researcher acquire relevant data with help from respondents.Practitioners were askedtoreflectontheir experiences from meeting women with severe pain as their patients. Seven practitioners, four female and three male, were interviewed.

Results
By talking spontaneously about pain, women cope with painful disorders. This ensures easy diagnoses and treatments. The majority of women report their severe pain disabilities freely as against a smaller group who behave differently.The other group has explored other practitioners and have been unsuccessful. They are afraid to reveal their situations openly. Others test the skills of the practitioners whether they could perform efficient diagnoses. This strengthens patients’ faith and ability to be cured. In behavioural terms, inability to report severe pain stem from comorbid depressive symptoms (timidity-shyness, over-worried/confusion, distraction), lack of trust-expectant faith, thought of practitioner’s omniscient power, threat of practitioner’s knowledge (patient’s wrongs and evil thoughts), religious affiliation-constraints, etc. Women cope and show more positive attitudes than men; they expect practitioners to be in careful control.

Conclusions
Ghanaian women deal with their severe pains in meaningful manner by talking spontaneously about them. They show their willingness to be helped during diagnosis. Only few patients are not spontaneous, and are due to the condition of the mind and uncertainty with previous treatment encounters.
Characterization of complex chronic pain patients
Authors: Hysing E.-B. , Gordh T. , Karlsten R. , Smith L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Aims
Treatment of the most complex chronic pain patients, often not accepted in regular pain management programs, remains a challenge.To beable todesign interventions for these patients we must know what characterize them. The aim of this study was to characterize a subgroup of pain patients, treated in our in-patient rehabilitation programme, organized at the University Hospital in Uppsala, the only tertiary treatment for pain patients in Sweden.

Methods
The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (Dnr 2010/182). Seventy-two patients, consecutive new referrals seen at the rehabilitation program in 2008–2010 were enrolled and examined with a 41-item questionnaire of symptoms other than pain. The 41 symptoms were listed on an ordinal scale from 0–10, with 0–no problems and 10–severe problem. The mean pain intensity within the preceding 24-h was assessed using an 11-point NRS, numeric rating scale from 0–no problems to 10–severe problems. Information about drug-consumption was obtained from the medical record. The opioid medication was translated to morphine-equivalents dos using EAPC (European Association for Palliative Care) conversion table.

Results
Seventy-two patients were enrolled and screened, 39% men and 61% woman. Median age 45 years (range 20–70). Seventy-four percent of patients were treated with opioids, 15 patients with more than one opioid. They all reported high pain intensity, the four patients with doses over 150 mg MEq reported pain 5–8. There was no correlation between the dose of opioids and pain intensity. The patients reported 22 symptoms (median) other than pain. The number of symptoms reported using this scaleina normal population is three–four. The most common symptoms reported were lethargy, tiredness, concentration difficulties and headache reported by over 80%. Sleeping disorders and tiredness were considered as the two most problematic symptom to deal with. We found no correlation between the degree of pain and presence and severity of symptoms reported. Number of symptoms reported diminished when the dose of opioids increased.

Conclusions
The pain patient considered too complex for regular pain-management programs are characterized by reporting many symptoms other than pain. High pain intensity or high opioid-dose does not correlate to presence or severity of other symptoms, and high dose of opioids does not have a connection to low pain intensity. Many of the symptoms commonly reported – lethargy, tiredness, concentration difficulties and headache are real obstacles for successful rehabilitation, and have to be dealt with to achieve successful results.
Increased C-fiber response induced by experimental disc herniation is associated with upregulation of fractalkine and its receptor in nucleus pulposus and dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Jacobsen D.P. , Moen A. , Haugen F. , Gjerstad J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Aims
Lumbar radicular pain following intervertebral disc herniation may be caused by a local inflammatory response induced by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Here in an animal model mimicking the clinical situation following disc herniation we investigated the effect of NP on the spinal nociceptive signaling and local gene expression.

Methods
In anaesthetized Lewis rats, extracellular single unit recordings of spinal nociceptive activity and qPCR were used to explore the effect of NP application onto the dorsal nerve roots (L3-L5). All animal experiments were approved by the Norwegian Animal Research Authority and were performed in conformity with the laws and regulations controlling experiments and procedures on live animals in Norway.

Results
A clear increase in C-fiber response was observed following NP conditioning. In the NP tissue, the gene expression of interleuking-1 β (IL-1β), colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), fractakine (CX3CL1) and the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 was increased. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, inhibited the increase in neuronal activity, and attenuated the increase in gene expression in NP tissue. Interestingly, gene expression analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of TNF, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the dorsal roots ganglion (DRG). An increase in the expression of IL-1 β and TNF in cultured DRG cells was also induced in vitro.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that hyperexcitability in the pain pathways after disc herniation may involve upregulation of CX3CL1 signaling in NP - but also in the DRG.
High-throughput screening reveals enzyme and GPCR targets as putative binding sites for D-deprenyl
Authors: Lesniak A. , Jonsson A. , Aarnio M. , Norberg T. , Nyberg F. , Gordh T. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Aims
In PET studies of patients suffering from chronic pain following whip lash trauma, d-deprenyl was shown to bind to painful sites in the neck [1]. High uptake points towards an existence of an inflammation-specific binding site. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the binding site for d-deprenyl employing radioligand receptor binding and high-throughput analysis of its activity towards 165 G-protein coupled receptors and 84 enzyme targets commonly used in drug discovery and development.

Methods

D-Deprenyl activity towards GPCR targets was assessed by DiscoverX in CHO-K1 EDG1 β-arrest in EFC cell line utilizing the PathHunter™ technique. Enzyme inhibition by D-deprenyl was identified in the EnzymeProfiling™ screening panel provided by Eurofins Cerep Panlabs. [H3]D-deprenyl binding studies with specific GPCR agonists and enzyme inhibitors at newly identified targets were also performed.

Results
Our investigation revealed that a 10μM concentration of d-deprenyl inhibited MAO-B and MAO-A activity by 99% and 55%, respectively. In addition, a 70% inhibition of angiotens in converting enzyme (ACE) activity in rabbit lung preparations was found. Furthermore, binding studies in rat mitochondrial membrane homogenates confirmed a submicromolar [H3]D-deprenyl competition with a selective MAO-B inhibitor seligiline, but not with the selective MAO-A inhibitor pirlindole mesylate. No evident hits among GPCR targets were identified. However, attention was drawn towards the histamine HRH1 and HRH3 receptors to which d-deprenyl showed a 20% and 42% antagonistic activity.

Conclusions
MAO-B might be a candidate target for D-deprenyl, as many other studies documented higher d-deprenyl uptake in activated astrocytes, non-secreting pituitary adenomas and brown adipose tissue, where MAO-B is over expressed. Moreover, ACE inhibition was shown to hamper down-regulation of transcription factors preventing ROS-mediated cartilage damage.