bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element crack propagation analysis of shear loaded buckling panels
Authors: Bierbaum Julia , Horst Peter 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– In former work, test results of cracks in aluminium panels under cyclic shear buckling showed that cracks in the tensile stress field of a buckle propagate. The main influencing factor for the crack growth rate is the maximum principle stress. A simplified approach for crack propagation analyses based on this finding showed limitations for application on larger cracks because it disregarded the increasing out-of-plane deformation for larger cracks as well as stress redistributions. The purpose of this paper is to improve the results of the simplified approach with the help of finite element method (FEM).

Design/methodology/approach
– An approach for crack propagation based on FEM is presented taking into account the mutual interaction of cracks and buckling. The finite element (FE) model, which is described in detail, respects the boundary conditions of the test-set-up. Different initial crack positions, loads and panel thicknesses are analyzed. Results of the stress intensity factors KI calculated by the ABAQUS® FE model provide a function which is used to run a crack propagation analysis based on Forman law.

Findings
– The results of the FE-based crack propagation solution are in good agreement with test results and improve the prediction of the simplified approach. It is not restricted in terms of panel thickness, crack position or applied shear load.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations of the FE-based crack propagation solution compared to the experimental results are discussed. These are, the sensitivity of crack propagation analyses to initial crack length and deviations of the experimental settings from the ideal FE model.

Originality/value
– The interaction of cracks and buckling in aluminium shells is mainly disregarded both in research and industrial work, but can be of interest considering, accidental damages in fuselage side shells. Cracks propagate under shear load as it was shown in former work. The FE modeling of the tests presented in this paper proves the mutual interactions of crack propagation and buckling deformation.
Safety factors in structural integrity assessment of components with defects
Authors: Matvienko Yury 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop basic principles of deterministic structural integrity assessment of a component with a crack- or notch-like defect by including safety factors against fracture and plastic collapse in criteria equations of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics.Design/methodology/approach– The safety factors against fracture are calculated by demanding that the applied critical stress should not be less than the yield stress of the material for a component with a crack or a notch of the acceptable size. Structural integrity assessment of the engineering components damaged by crack- or notch-like defects is discussed from view point of the failure assessment diagram (FAD). The methodology of the FAD has been employed for the structural integrity analysis and assessment of acceptable sizes of throw-thickness notch in a plate under tension and surface longitudinal notch-like defects in a pressure vessel.Findings– Basic equations have been presented to calculate the safety factor against fracture for critical values of the stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), the J-integral and the FAD as well as to estimate an acceptable (safe) region for an engineering component with a crack- or notch-like defect of the acceptable size. It was shown that safety factors against fracture depend on both the safety factor against plastic collapse and employed fracture mechanics criterion. The effect of crack/notch tip constraint is incorporated into criteria equations for the calculation of safety factors against fracture.Originality/value– The deterministic method of fracture mechanics is recommended for structural integrity assessment of a component with a crack- or notch-like defect by including safety factors against fracture and plastic collapse in criteria equations of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics.
Fatigue modelling of aluminium plates reinforced with bonded fibre metal laminates
Authors: Doucet Jeremy , Zhang Xiang , Irving Philip 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the implementation of a finite element (FE) model used to establish crack and delamination development in a Glare reinforced aluminium plate under fatigue loading. This model predicts the behaviour of bonded GLARE straps used as crack retarders for life extension of aircraft structures. In particular, it takes into account the interaction that exists between the substrate crack and the delamination crack at the interface with the reinforcement.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this work, a 3D FE model with three-layer continuum shell elements has been developed to calculate changes in substrate stress intensity and in fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate produced by bonded strap reinforcement. Both circular and elliptical strap delamination geometries were incorporated into the model. Calculated stress intensity factors (SIFs) were used together with measured FCG data for substrate material to predict FCG rates for the strapped condition.

Findings
– The model predicted a decrease in the SIF and a retardation of FCG rates. The SIF was predicted to vary through the thickness of the substrate due to the phenomenon of secondary bending and also the bridging effect caused by the presence of the strap. The influence of delamination shape and size on substrate crack stress intensity and delamination strain energy release rate has been calculated.

Originality/value
– This research aims at developing modelling techniques that could be used when studying larger reinforced structures found in aircraft.
Fatigue crack propagation behavior in railway steels
Authors: Peixoto Daniel , Andrade Ferreira Luis 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The present paper aims to characterize the fatigue crack propagation behavior of wheel and rail steels, in particular the AVE wheel steel and an UIC60 rail steel, including several R-values and near threshold behavior. To accomplish this objective, mode I fatigue crack growth tests were performed according to the ASTM E647 standard on C(T) specimens taken from a Spanish high-speed AVE train used wheel and a UIC60 rail, tested with 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 load ratios.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the present study, the two different methodologies presented in the ASTM E647 standard were used to characterize the fatigue crack propagation behavior of the two studied materials. The K-decreasing test procedure was used to characterize fatigue crack propagation near the threshold, whereas the K-increasing with constant load range method was used in the Paris law regime.

Findings
– It was observed that for the wheel a small influence of R-ratio was found, with greater R implying higher fatigue crack growth rates. For the rail, the influence is small, and for large values of ΔK, it is slightly reversed. The near-threshold results obtained indicate lower threshold values for higher R-ratio, a fact that is possibly associated with crack closure phenomena. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of fatigue crack propagation surfaces identified a random behavior in the striation orientation for both materials and no correlation was found between striation spacing and actual fatigue crack growth rate.

Originality/value
– R-ratio and threshold behavior of fatigue crack propagation of a steel used in high-speed train wheels, as well as of UIC60 rail steel, were studied, with the objective of generating data to be used in maintenance and damage tolerance models.
Mediterranean diet and socio-economic status in Greek adolescents
Authors: Costarelli Vassiliki , Sdrali Despina , Konstantopoulou Aggeliki 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The study aims to explore the effect of socio-economic status (SES) on energy balance behaviours and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in Greek adolescents.

Design/methodology/approach
– 391 students, 14-16 years old, have been recruited from two public high schools located in low SES areas of Athens and two private high schools from higher SES areas. Students completed a specifically designed energy balance behaviours questionnaire together with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the KIDMED index.

Findings
– Adolescents of low SES reported lower adherence to the MD (p<0.05), higher consumption of soft drinks (p<0.001), lower breakfast consumption (p<0.001), fewer meals per day consumed with parents (p<0.05), lower physical activity levels (p<0.01) and more TV viewing hours (p<0.01) compared to adolescents of higher SES.

Research limitations/implications
– Family annual income, an indicator of family SES, has not been recorded, since this was considered a sensitive and difficult information to be obtained by the adolescents.

Originality/value
– This study was conducted during a period of Greek economic recession and was designed to investigate the effect of lower SES on diet quality and unhealthy behaviours in the youth. Understanding and limiting possible health inequalities in Greece, due to the economic crisis, is of paramount importance.
Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction in children is not associated with growth impairment
Authors: Panagaria Namita , Roop Rai Ramesh , Varma Kanika 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess nutritional status among children with extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).

Design/methodology/approach
– Forty six children with documented EHPVO with age and sex matched siblings and controls were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur. Nutritional assessment was done by anthropometry and dietary recall method (24-h dietary recall method). Height for age and BMI for age were compared with WHO standards.

Findings
– An equal percentage of EHPVO patients, siblings and controls (4.34 percent) were stunted. Nearly 23.9 percent EHPVO patients and their siblings and 30.4 percent of controls were severely wasted. Similar proportion of subjects had MAMA<5th percentile. Dietary intake was similar between the study groups. Growth velocity was similar among the groups after one-year follow-up.

Originality/value
– Data from India regarding EHPVO are very scarce from India. One study from Sarin et al. in 1992 reported EHPVO-affected children to be growth retarded. The present study, in contradiction to this study postulates that the affected children may not be growth retarded because of the disease but heredity and environmental factors may play a role.
Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of coleus leaves consumed as breast-milk stimulant
Authors: Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak Muhammad , Taher Muhammad , Abdulrahman Suzanah , Abu Bakar Ibrahim , Damanik Rizal , Yahaya Azhary 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-bacterial anti-fungal activity of six Lamiaceae family coleus plants based on their traditional uses (breast-milk stimulants) from two Asian countries (Malaysia and Indonesia).Design/methodology/approach– Plants leaves of coleus species were collected from Kuantan (Malaysia) and Jakarta (Indonesia). From Kuantan,Coleus aromaticus– Malaysia (CATM),Pogostemon cablin– Malaysia (PCM),Coleus blumei-purple leaves – Malaysia (CBPM),Coleus blumei-red leaves – Malaysia (CBRM),Coleus amboinicus– Malaysia (CALM) and from JakartaColeus amboinicus– Indonesia (CALI) were collected freeze dried and extracted with aqueous methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by making use of macro dilution and disc diffusion methods. The selected bacteria and fungus used were namelyBacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus(gram positive) andEscherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa(gram negative) andCandida albicans(a fungi).Findings– All leaf extracts showed activity at least against one strain of bacteria and the result shows that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the activities on microorganism. The minimum inhibitory concentration of all leaves extracts ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml in inhibiting the growth ofS. aureus,E. coli,P. aeruginosaandB. subtilis. This study shows that the coleus plants leaves can be used as anti-bacterial anti-fungal agent apart from the breast-milk stimulation properties.Research limitations/implications– This research was carried out with a limited grant and it was not possible to study some more aspects, for example, the composition and the active components isolation, etc. Furthermore, to establish the relationship among the components and bacteria or fungus, etc.Practical implications– This research would have greater impact since the leaves of coleus plants are already in use in some communities for the purpose of breast-milk stimulation and insect bite therapy and many more.Originality/value– This research takes into consideration the effect of coleus plants on a few bacteria and a fungus which have never been studied before.
Information governance – beyond the buzz
Authors: Hagmann Juerg 
Published: November 2013

Purpose–This paper aims to discuss the still immature concept of information governance (IG) from a records and information management (RIM) perspective and attempts to identify some critical aspects, essential elements and challenges, drawing on lessons learned from corporate experience in a global setup.Design/methodology/approach–After a critical consideration of the notion “information governance” the paper reports some issues which turned out to be major barriers to success during IG implementation within a given organisation.Findings–Practical experience highlights the importance of carefully scoping IG frameworks in larger organisations; in particular, balancing the representation of all relevant stakeholders (especially lines of business) and targeting investment in initiatives that foster an information management culture. Equally critical to success is corporate communication which truly values information as a corporate asset and highlights the importance of information lifecycle management rather than technology under the motto “putting the ‘I’ into IT”.Research limitations/implications–This paper draws on experience from a single case study to discuss some of the cultural factors that influence the design and implementation of IG in general. However, more empirical research is needed in order to broaden the understanding of the impact of IG programmes in real-world organisations.Practical implications–When implementing IG programmes in global organisations it should not be limited to an IT perspective alone. The biggest challenge is the fact that no department or discipline alone can achieve the desired results. Success is only possible in an orchestrated scenario with clear value propositions for specific business functions.Originality/value–Based on a small selection of professional literature on the IG approach, the paper presents findings about issues and pitfalls when setting up and implementing an IG programme. It is hoped that it will inspire more exploratory research of this kind from members of the records management community to encourage them to raise the need for IG in their own organisations.
Managing multilinguality in organizations
Authors: Cardeñosa Jesús , Gallardo Carolina 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to show how multilinguality is permanently present in organizations in this global world, and how they should take into account the multilingual phenomenon specifically from the perspective of knowledge management in order to gain presence in markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach followed by the authors consists of a review of the published literature addressing this issue during the last years, followed by a proposal of applicable technologies in each step of the information processing.

Findings
– The clearest finding is that if technology is not used for solving the problems that arise when dealing with multilingual contents, efficient information managing turns out a rather difficult task.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper points out a number of different states in the information flows, which make it possible to study and analyse the most appropriate technologies for their orderly treatment. A unified treatment of the information flows is recommended, especially if there are multilingual components.

Originality/value
– The issue of multilinguality in organizations, a possible cause of a weak penetration in the global world, has been scarcely studied and hardly tackled from a methodological perspective. This paper suggests technologies adequate for different situations when managing organizational information.
Should pantomime and gesticulation be assessed separately for their comprehensibility in aphasia? A case study
Authors: van Nispen Karin , van de Sandt‐Koenderman Mieke , Mol Lisette , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundGesticulation (gestures accompanying speech) and pantomime (gestures in the absence of speech) can each be comprehensible. Little is known about the differences between these two gesture modes in people with aphasia.AimsTo discover whether there are differences in the communicative use of gesticulation and pantomime in QH, a person with severe fluent aphasia.Methods & ProceduresQH performed two tasks: naming objects and retelling a story. He did this once in a verbal condition (enabling gesticulation) and once in a pantomime condition. For both conditions, the comprehensibility of gestures was analysed in a forced‐choice task by naïve judges. Secondly, a comparison was made between QH and healthy controls for the representation techniques used.Outcomes & ResultsPantomimes produced by QH for naming objects were significantly more comprehensible than chance, whereas his gesticulation was not. For retelling a story the opposite pattern was found. When naming objects QH gesticulated much more than did healthy controls. His pantomimes for this task were simpler than those used by the control group. For retelling a story no differences were found.Conclusions & ImplicationsAlthough QH did not make full use of each gesture modes’ potential, both did contribute to QH's comprehensibility. Crucially, the benefits of each mode differed across tasks. This implies that both gesture modes should be taken into account separately in models of speech and gesture production and in clinical practice for different communicative settings.
Three different [NiFe] hydrogenases confer metabolic flexibility in the obligate aerobe Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Berney Michael , Greening Chris , Hards Kiel , Collins Desmond , Cook Gregory M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMycobacterium smegmatis is an obligate aerobe that harbours three predicted [NiFe] hydrogenases, Hyd1 (MSMEG_2262–2263), Hyd2 (MSMEG_2720‐2719) and Hyd3 (MSMEG_3931‐3928). We show here that these three enzymes differ in their phylogeny, regulation and catalytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hyd1 groups with hydrogenases that oxidize H2 produced by metabolic processes, and Hyd2 is homologous to a novel group of putative high‐affinity hydrogenases. Hyd1 and Hyd2 respond to carbon and oxygen limitation, and, in the case of Hyd1, hydrogen supplementation. Hydrogen consumption measurements confirmed that both enzymes can oxidize hydrogen. In contrast, the phylogenetic analysis and activity measurements of Hyd3 are consistent with the enzyme evolving hydrogen. Hyd3 is controlled by DosR, a regulator that responds to hypoxic conditions. The strict dependence of hydrogen oxidation of Hyd1 and Hyd2 on oxygen suggests that the enzymes are oxygen tolerant and linked to the respiratory chain. This unique combination of hydrogenases allows M. smegmatis to oxidize hydrogen at high (Hyd1) and potentially tropospheric (Hyd2) concentrations, as well as recycle reduced equivalents by evolving hydrogen (Hyd3). The distribution of these hydrogenases throughout numerous soil and marine species of actinomycetes suggests that oxic hydrogen metabolism provides metabolic flexibility in environments with changing nutrient fluxes.
Connecting the Dots and Merging Meaning: Using Mixed Methods to Study Primary Care Delivery Transformation
Authors: Scammon Debra L. , Tomoaia‐Cotisel Andrada , Day Rachel L. , Day Julie , Kim Jaewhan , Waitzman Norman J. , Farrell Timothy W. , Magill Michael K. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the value of mixed methods in the study of practice transformation and illustrate procedures for connecting methods and for merging findings to enhance the meaning derived.Data Source/Study SettingAn integrated network of university‐owned, primary care practices at the University of Utah (Community Clinics or CCs). CC has adopted Care by Design, its version of the Patient Centered Medical Home.Study DesignConvergent case study mixed methods design.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAnalysis of archival documents, internal operational reports, in‐clinic observations, chart audits, surveys, semistructured interviews, focus groups, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services database, and the Utah All Payer Claims Database.Principal FindingsEach data source enriched our understanding of the change process and understanding of reasons that certain changes were more difficult than others both in general and for particular clinics. Mixed methods enabled generation and testing of hypotheses about change and led to a comprehensive understanding of practice change.ConclusionsMixed methods are useful in studying practice transformation. Challenges exist but can be overcome with careful planning and persistence.
Pure endoscopic full‐thickness resection with peritoneoscopy and omentectomy
Authors: Mori Hirohito , Kobara Hideki , Fujihara Shintaro , Nishiyama Noriko , Ayaki Maki , Yachida Tatsuo , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate surgical procedures for pure endoscopic full‐thickness resection (EFTR) using a flexible endoscope and a prototype of a full‐thickness suturing device in animal experiments.MethodsSix beagles were divided into two groups: sutured with over‐the‐scope‐clip (OTSC group, n = 3) and with a prototype of the double‐arm bar suturing system (DBSS group, n = 3). The peritoneoscopy, omentectomy and EFTR procedures were performed through the transgastric route. We examined the surgical procedures required to accomplish pure EFTR and survival rates of these dogs after EFTR.ResultsThe duodenal balloon occlusion method maintained a sufficient endoscopic view during peritoneoscopy. Grooves of 10‐mm wide were created around the tumor down to the third layer for treating all blood vessels and adding landmark for full‐thickness resection lines. Using the muscle layer thin‐cutting method, hyaluronic acid was locally injected into the muscle layer and fine incisions were made. Creating tiny perforations provided safe access to the abdominal cavity. Although it was difficult to suture the resected site safely in the OTSC group, the DBSS prototype was useful and reliable for closing the resection sites with 3‐0 absorbable thread. After EFTR there were no complications in the DBSS group and the dogs were in good health on POD 30, whereas in the OTSC group two dogs died due to dehiscence and gastric juice leaks. Postmortem examinations showed abscess around the suturing sites and two OTSC were detached from the suturing sites.ConclusionsPure EFTR is feasible with DBSS when systematic methods are established. The high safety of full‐thickness resection suturing will permit their clinical application in the near future.