bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement of non‐reassuring cardiotocography analysis and subsequent clinical management
Authors: Rhöse Sarah , Heinis Ayesha M.F. , Vandenbussche Frank , van Drongelen Joris , van Dillen Jeroen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement of non‐reassuring intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) patterns and subsequent clinical management.DesignMethodological study.SettingUniversity Medical Center.PopulationCTG patterns of 79 women beyond 37 weeks of gestation with a singleton fetus in vertex position in first stage of labor in whom fetal blood sampling (FBS) had been performed.MethodsNine observers assessed CTG patterns, which were formerly clinically classified as non‐reassuring and indicative for FBS, according to the guidelines of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics modified for ST analysis. They also proposed clinical management strategies without and with insight into clinical parameters. Weighted kappa values (κw) and proportions of agreement (Pa) were calculated.Main outcome measuresAgreement on CTG classification and clinical management.ResultsInter‐observer agreement on CTG classification and on clinical management were poor for most observer categories (κw range 0.31–0.50 and 0.20–0.45, respectively). Observers agreed best on abnormal CTG patterns (Pa range 0.28–0.36) and on the clinical management option “continue monitoring” (Pa range 0.32–0.40). Intra‐observer agreement was fair to good for most observers (κw 0.33–0.70). Insight into clinical parameters resulted in similar inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement.ConclusionsThere was poor inter‐observer agreement and fair to good intra‐observer agreement on classification and clinical management of intrapartum CTG patterns, which had been classified as non‐reassuring and indicative for FBS during birth.
People with epilepsy who use multiple hospitals; prevalence and associated factors assessed via a health information exchange
Authors: Grinspan Zachary M. , Abramson Erika L. , Banerjee Samprit , Kern Lisa M. , Kaushal Rainu , Shapiro Jason S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveHospital crossover occurs when people seek care at multiple hospitals, creating information gaps for physicians at the time of care. Health information exchange (HIE) is technology that fills these gaps, by allowing otherwise unaffiliated physicians to share electronic medical information. However, the potential value of HIE is understudied, particularly for chronic neurologic conditions like epilepsy. We describe the prevalence and associated factors of hospital crossover among people with epilepsy, in order to understand the epidemiology of who may benefit from HIE.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional study design to examine the bivariate and multivariable association of demographics, comorbidity, and health service utilization variables with hospital crossover, among people with epilepsy. We identified 8,074 people with epilepsy from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes, obtained from an HIE that linked seven hospitals in Manhattan, New York. We defined hospital crossover as care from more than one hospital in any setting (inpatient, outpatient, emergency, or radiology) over 2 years.ResultsOf 8,074 people with epilepsy, 1,770 (22%) engaged in hospital crossover over 2 years. Crossover was associated with younger age (children compared with adults, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.7), living near the hospitals (Manhattan vs. other boroughs of New York City, adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.8), more visits in the emergency, radiology, inpatient, and outpatient settings (p < 0.001 for each), and more head computerized tomography (CT) scans (p < 0.01). The diagnosis of “encephalopathy” was consistently associated with crossover in bivariate and multivariable analyses (adjusted OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.14–3.29), whereas the relationship between other comorbidities and crossover was less clear.SignificanceHospital crossover is common among people with epilepsy, particularly among children, frequent users of medical services, and people living near the study hospitals. HIE should focus on these populations. Further research should investigate why hospital crossover occurs, how it affects care, and how HIE can most effectively mitigate the resultant fragmentation of medical records.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Anaerobic methanotrophic community of a 5346‐m‐deep vesicomyid clam colony in the Japan Trench
Authors: Felden J. , Ruff S. E. , Ertefai T. , Inagaki F. , Hinrichs K.‐U. , Wenzhöfer F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVesicomyidae clams harbor sulfide‐oxidizing endosymbionts and are typical members of cold seep communities where active venting of fluids and gases takes place. We investigated the central biogeochemical processes that supported a vesicomyid clam colony as part of a locally restricted seep community in the Japan Trench at 5346 m water depth, one of the deepest seep settings studied to date. An integrated approach of biogeochemical and molecular ecological techniques was used combining in situ and ex situ measurements. In sediment of the clam colony, low sulfate reduction rates (maximum 128 nmol mL−1 day−1) were coupled to the anaerobic oxidation of methane. They were observed over a depth range of 15 cm, caused by active transport of sulfate due to bioturbation of the vesicomyid clams. A distinct separation between the seep and the surrounding seafloor was shown by steep horizontal geochemical gradients and pronounced microbial community shifts. The sediment below the clam colony was dominated by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME‐2c) and sulfate‐reducing Desulfobulbaceae (SEEP‐SRB‐3, SEEP‐SRB‐4). Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria were not detected in the sediment, and the oxidation of sulfide seemed to be carried out chemolithoautotrophically by Sulfurovum species. Thus, major redox processes were mediated by distinct subgroups of seep‐related microorganisms that might have been selected by this specific abyssal seep environment. Fluid flow and microbial activity were low but sufficient to support the clam community over decades and to build up high biomasses. Hence, the clams and their microbial communities adapted successfully to a low‐energy regime and may represent widespread chemosynthetic communities in the Japan Trench. In this regard, they contributed to the restricted deep‐sea trench biodiversity as well as to the organic carbon availability, also for non‐seep organisms, in such oligotrophic benthic environment of the dark deep ocean.
Effectiveness of an alcohol‐free essential oil‐containing mouthwash in institutionalised elders receiving long‐term care: a feasibility study
Authors: Chalhoub Elsy , Emami Elham , Freijé Maria , Kandelman Daniel , Campese Melanie , St‐Georges Annie , Voyer René , Rompré Pierre , Barbeau Jean , Leduc Annie , Durand Robert 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo conduct a feasibility study on investigating the effectiveness of an alcohol‐free essential oil mouthwash (AF‐EOMW) to reduce plaque accumulation and oral pathogen levels in institutionalised elders receiving long‐term care and to obtain preliminary results.BackgroundAlthough simple, cost‐effective strategies to improve oral hygiene in seniors such as the use of mouthwashes have been shown to reduce the risks of respiratory diseases, little information is available on the feasibility of implementing these measures.MethodsTwenty‐five elderly participants with significant loss of autonomy were initially recruited and divided into two groups. A test group rinsed with an AF‐EOMW twice a day, and a control group rinsed with tap water. Data on demographic characteristics, dental history and tobacco use were collected from a questionnaire. Problems encountered during recruitment and data collection were documented. Plaque index, denture cleanliness and salivary levels of several pathogens were measured at three time points: baseline (T0), day 22 (T1) and day 45 (T2).ResultsEighteen participants completed the study. Several problems were encountered during recruitment and execution of the study protocol. No significant differences in clinical or microbiological measures were found between the test group and controls at three time points (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis pilot study shows that, if sufficient logistical and financial resources are available, it is feasible to conduct randomised clinical trials in a seniors' facility. The use of an AF‐EOMW to improve oral hygiene in seniors was not found to be superior to tap water. However, larger controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
Noble Identity and Culture. Recent Historiography on the Nobility in the Medieval Low Countries III
Authors: van Steensel Arie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe medieval Low Countries are not usually associated with nobility and knighthood, but historical research in the past decades has proven that they should be. This series of essays gives a historiographical overview of the recent literature on the nobility in the medieval Low Countries and links it with major international debates on the subject. This part, the third of the three sections into which this survey is organised, discusses the fast‐growing and rich multi‐disciplinary literature on noble identity and culture. The study of the material, ideological, behavioural and performative aspects of noble status currently predominantly focuses on the princely court but needs to be extended to the nobility as a whole and further integrated with political and socio‐economic approaches.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy increases the risk of diabetes: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Lin Ching‐Chun , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the risk of diabetes mellitus within a 5‐year period among patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy .MethodsA total of 304 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were included in the study cohort. A total of 3040 patients with nephrolithiasis who did not undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy were used as a comparison cohort. All participants included in the present study were individually tracked for a 5‐year period in order to identify those who developed diabetes mellitus during this timeframe.ResultsThe incidence rate of diabetes mellitus was 3.03 per 100 person‐years in participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 1.65 per 100 person‐years in participants who did not undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy. After adjusting for the participants’ monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, the hazard ratio of receiving a first diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during the 5‐year follow‐up period was 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.40–2.77) for participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Furthermore, compared with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic intervention, participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy had a significantly increased hazard of developing diabetes mellitus (adjusted hazard ratio 1.79 for a percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.71 for a percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs an endoscopic intervention).ConclusionsThe present results suggest an association between patients with nephrolithiasis who undergo a percutaneous nephrolithotomy and a subsequent diabetes mellitus diagnosis.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 signalling in T cells: trafficking and beyond
Authors: Garris Christopher S. , Blaho Victoria A. , Hla Timothy , Han May H. 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a lipid second messenger that signals via five G protein‐coupled receptors (S1P1–5). S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling is associated with a wide variety of physiological processes including lymphocyte biology, their recirculation and determination of T‐cell phenotypes. The effect of FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya™) to regulate lymphocyte egress and to ameliorate paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis led to the use of FTY720 as a first‐line oral agent for treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. However, a significant body of research suggests that S1P signalling may participate in diverse immune regulatory functions other than lymphocyte trafficking. This review article discusses the current knowledge of S1P signalling in the fate and function of T regulatory, T helper type 17 and memory T cells in health and disease.
Toll‐like receptor 6 mediated inflammatory and functional responses of zinc oxide nanoparticles primed macrophages
Authors: Roy Ruchi , Singh Sunil K. , Das Mukul , Tripathi Anurag , Dwivedi Premendra D. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMacrophages are among the most sensitive immune cells because of their phagocytic activity and are prone to become dysfunctional or not able to perform properly if nanoparticle load increases. We have previously reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) induce inflammatory responses in macrophages that contribute to their death. Recognition of ZNPs by pattern recognition receptors such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs) might be a factor in the initiation of these responses in macrophages. Therefore, in this study we explored the role played by TLR6 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathways in the inflammatory responses of macrophages during ZNPs exposure. ZNPs‐activated macrophages showed enhanced expression of activation and maturation markers (CD1d, MHC‐II, CD86 and CD71). Among various TLRs screened, TLR6 emerged as the most potent activator for ZNPs‐induced inflammatory responses. Downstream signalling proteins myeloid differentiation 88, interleukin‐1 receptor associated kinase and tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor were also enhanced. On inhibiting MAPKs pathways individually, the inflammatory responses such as interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were suppressed. TLR6 silencing significantly inhibited the pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels, reactive nitrogen species generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Also, inhibition of MAPKs in the absence of TLR6 signalling validated the link between TLR6 and MAPKs in ZNPs‐induced inflammatory responses. TLR6 was found to be co‐localized with autophagosomes. Macrophages lacking TLR6 inhibited the autophagosome marker protein‐microtubule‐associated protein1 light chain 3‐isoform II formation and phagocytosis. These results demonstrate that inflammatory responses caused by ZNPs‐activated macrophages strongly depend on TLR6‐mediated MAPK signalling.
Overseeing Secrets in the EU: A Democratic Perspective
Authors: Curtin Deirdre 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFormulating policy and overseeing implementation require access to information. Yet in (national) security matters executive officials have considerable discretion to conceal from the public and from parliaments information they consider sensitive. If executive officials are given largely unchecked power to conceal from the public and from parliament(s) whatever information they consider sensitive, part of the essential machinery of democracy is disconnected. Secrecy becomes a danger when it undermines the very values invoked to protect it: democratic self‐government and security. Technical European Union (EU) security classification rules receive little attention from outsiders and are adopted and amended in iterative processes as low‐level internal rule‐making. Oversight mechanisms in the EU, in particular by parliaments, can supply some countervailing pressure, but remain a recurrent challenge. Is more public discussion needed on when and for how long secrets can be kept and how oversight mechanisms are constructed in new EU horizontal legislation?
Gene expression profile of dermal mesenchymal stem cells from patients with psoriasis
Authors: Hou R. , Yan H. , Niu X. , Chang W. , An P. , Wang C. , Yang Y. , Yan X. , Li J. , Liu R. , Li X. , Zhang K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are likely involved in pathological processes of immune‐related diseases, including psoriasis because of their immunoregulatory and pro‐angiogenic effects, and the vascular proliferation, angiectasis and perivascular lymphocyte infiltration are known to be predominantly responsible for the pathological alterations in psoriasis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the gene expression profile of dermal MSCs from patients with psoriasis.MethodsWe isolated and expanded dermal MSCs from psoriatic patients and normal controls by using the attachment assay and conducted mRNA expression profile and gene ontology analyses using microarray.ResultsThe gene expression profile of MSCs from psoriatic derma was markedly different from the normal derma‐derived MSCs; the angiogenesis‐related genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor A, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐5, and GATA6 showed significant differential expression.ConclusionsThese results indicate that MSCs from the derma of psoriasis patients might be involved in the early development of psoriasis because of their pro‐angiogenic potential as well as the immunoregulatory effect.
Third Rail Custody: The Military Case
Authors: Sullivan Mark E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMilitary custody and visitation cases often involve issues of deployment overseas and transfers between military bases, both here and abroad. Judges must be aware of the rules for relocation and custody modification, living circumstances on and around the military installation, and all of the usual issues in custody cases. This article deals with facts regarding the military environment, Family Care Plans, unaccompanied tours of duty, and delegated visitation rights while a parent is away on orders. It also contains checklists and model forms for judges to use in the military custody and visitation case.
Better Inflation Time of Stent Balloon for Second‐Generation Drug‐Eluting Stent Expansion and Apposition: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: ANN SOE HEE , CHUNG JAE‐WOOK , DE JIN CAI , LEE JUN HO , KIM JONG MIN , GARG SCOT , SHIN EUN‐SEOK 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesWe tried to determine the effect of stent balloon inflation time on stent expansion and apposition using optical coherence tomography.BackgroundSecond‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) have thin struts; however, inflation times for optimal stent expansion and apposition are unknown in vivo.MethodsSubjects included 17 patients (18 de novo coronary artery lesions), in whom Resolute Integrity → (n = 9) and Xience Prime → (n = 9) DES were deployed. All stents were inflated 3 times to the nominal inflation pressure (8.9 ± 0.6 atm) using the stent delivery balloon. The first inflation continued until the stent was angiographically fully expanded; the other 2 lasted 15 and 30 seconds, respectively.ResultsAfter the first, second, and third inflation of stent balloon, stent area (5.94 ± 1.7, 6.69 ± 1.8, 7.05 ± 1.8 mm2, P < 0.001) and stent volume (146.94 ± 59.40, 166.78 ± 69.55, 177.25 ± 69.19 mm3, P < 0.001) increased significantly. The number of malapposed struts (18.0 ± 17.0, 7.9 ± 10.2, 7.4 ± 10.8, P < 0.001) and the mean depth of malapposed struts (188.9 ± 75.6, 120.3 ± 101.4, 95.4 ± 86.8 µm, P < 0.001) decreased. Malapposed stent area (0.62 ± 0.32, 0.52 ± 0.21 mm2, P < 0.05) and the malapposed stent volume (15.03 ± 7.78, 12.64 ± 5.16 mm3, P < 0.05) decreased significantly following the second inflation; the third inflation gave no additional benefits to these parameters. There was no adverse clinical outcome after each stent balloon inflation.ConclusionsAdditional 15 seconds of inflation after the angiographically full expansion of the stent balloon allows better stent expansion and apposition even though the inflation pressure is nominal pressure. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:171–176)
Comparison of Sagittal and Transverse Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging on the Quantification of Brain Metabolites
Authors: Tsai Shang‐Yueh , Wang Woan‐Chyi , Lin Yi‐Ru 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPURPOSEWe quantitatively compared sagittal and transverse echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) on the quantification of metabolite concentrations with consideration of tissue variation. A quantification strategy is proposed to collect the necessary information for quantification of concentrations in a minimized acquisition time.METHODSSix transverse and six sagittal EPSI data were collected on healthy volunteers. Metabolite concentrations of N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo‐inositol (mI), and glutamate and glutamine complex (Glx) were quantified using water scaling with partial volume and relaxation correction. Linear regression analysis was performed to extract concentrations in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The inter‐ and intrasubject coefficients of variance (CV) were estimated.RESULTSConcentrations and fitting errors of sagittal and transverse EPSI were at same level. GM to WM contrast of concentrations was found in NAA, tCr, and tCho. The intersubject CVs revealed greater variability in the sagittal EPSI than in the transverse EPSI. The intrasubject CVs of the transverse EPSI were below 5% for NAA, tCr, and tCho.CONCLUSIONWe showed that quantified concentrations of sagittal and transverse EPSI after partial volume correction are comparable and reproducible. The proposed quantification strategy can be conveniently adapted into various MRI protocols.
Subcortical Structure Volumes and Correlation to Clinical Variables in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Geevarghese Ruben , Lumsden Daniel E. , Hulse Natasha , Samuel Michael , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMRI studies in Parkinson's Disease have shown volumetric reductions of subcortical structures such as the thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus. However, there are no studies which look at the relationship between subcortical structure volumes and clinical variables, such as age and motor severity scores.METHODSBrain MRI scans of 47 consecutive PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation was acquired. Volumetric data of the thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus were extracted and corrected for total intracranial volume. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and general linear modeling (GLM) were then applied to the volumetric and the clinical variable data to explore the relationships between the two.RESULTSPCC showed a positive correlation between volumes of the left and right thalamus and left and right putamen with increasing duration of disease. GLM demonstrated that duration of symptoms was a significant factor relating to larger left thalamic volume. Male gender was also a significant factor associated with smaller left and right thalamic and right putaminal volumes.CONCLUSIONSThere is a correlation between the volume subcortical structures and clinical variables, particularly the disease duration, in PD. This may not only help understanding the disease process but also patient selection for invasive and noninvasive therapies.
The Role of Neuroimaging in Evaluating Patients Affected by Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Caobelli Federico , Cobelli Milena , Pizzocaro Claudio , Pavia Marco , Magnaldi Silvia , Guerra Ugo Paolo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease during life can be challenging since the huge variability of the symptoms which can be observed, especially in its early stages, may simulate other common forms of dementia. In latest years, noninvasive techniques such as magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and single‐photon emission tomography have been evaluated to help clinical neurologists to provide a definite diagnosis.We here provide a systematic review of the current knowledge of neuroimaging in CJD in order to establish the actual state of the art.