bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Etnomedisin Tanaman Obat Anti-Hipertensi di Desa Ngaran Kecamatan Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah
Authors: Santoso Blegoh Iwan , Kintoko Kintoko 
Published: August 2024

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang semakin meningkat, termasuk di Indonesia. Berbagai faktor risiko berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya hipertensi, seperti gaya hidup tidak sehat, faktor genetik, dan kondisi medis tertentu.Pengobatan hipertensi konvensional umumnya mengandalkan obat-obatan kimia. Namun, penggunaan obat-obatan kimia seringkali menimbulkan efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat masih mencari alternatif pengobatan yang lebih aman dan alami, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan tanaman obat.Desa Ngaran, Kaligesing, Purworejo, memiliki kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, termasuk berbagai jenis tanaman obat. Masyarakat desa telah memiliki pengetahuan tradisional tentang penggunaan tanaman obat untuk berbagai macam penyakit, termasuk hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini memberikan informasi etnomedisin seperti mengelompokan jenis tanaman obat anti-hipertensi,mengelompokkan yang menggunakan,merekomendasikan dan mengetahui tanaman obat anti-hipertensi. Sebanyak 95 responden dari 3 Dusun di desa ngaran kaligesing yang diperoleh dengan snow ball sampling kemudian di wawancarai secara semi-terstruktur dan pertanyaan terbuka tertutup dengan kuesioner. Dari data yang telah didapat dianalisi dengan parameter relative frequency of citation (RFC), Fidelity level (FL), Use Value (UV), dan Rasio Kesepakatan Informan ( RKI ). Didapat data 20 spesies dari 15 famili yang digunakan untuk pengobatan hipertensi dan 3 tanaman obat anti-hipertensi yang paling banyak menyebut, menggunakan dan merekomendasikan buat menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi di desa ngaran kaligesing yaitu seledri, mentimun dan salam. Bagian tanaman yang paling banyak digunakan adalah daun (60%), Sebagian besar disiapkan dengan cara direbus (65%), cara menggunakan sebagaian besar diminum (70%), dalam penelitian ini data asli dibandingkan dengan jurnal nasional dan internasional untuk membandingkan penggunaan obat dan mendapatkan beberapa spesies tanaman baru. Satu spesies tanaman obat belum ditemukan literatur ilmiah sebagai obat anti-hipertens, 5 spesies sudah pernah diuji klinik sementara 14 spesies sudah diuji preklinik dengan hewan uji atau in vitro.
Analisis Penggunaan Support Vector Machine pada Deteksi Dini Penyakit Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Septiana Trisya , Muda Mona Arif , Budiyanto Deny , Pratama Mahendra , Jaya Winaldi Putra 
Published: August 2024

Peningkatan kadar gula dalam darah serta tidak bekerjanya insulin di dalam tubuh merupakan salah satu ciri dari penyakit diabetes melitus. Semakin lama seseorang mengidap penyakit ini, maka dapat menyebabkan komplikasi yang berdampak pada tingginya risiko kematian. Sehingga penyakit ini menjadi salah satu penyakit paling mematikan didunia. Pengendalian dan pencegahan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara melakukan montoring secara berkala pada seseorang yang memiliki riwayat ataupun pola hidup yang tidak sehat. Salah satu cara monitoring tersebut dengan mendeteksi awal penyakit diabetes melalui identifikasi parameter pendukung dan memanfaatkan algoritma Machine learning yaitu Support Vector Machine (SVM). Cara ini dapat menjadi langkah yang siginifikan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan deteksi dini penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 parameter diantaranya mencakup pregnancies, glucose, blood pressure, skin thickness, insulin, body mass index, diabetes pedigree function, age, dan outcome (sebagai output) dari 768 data. SVM dapat memproses data klinis pasien dan membangun model prediktif untuk mengklasifikasikan apakah seseorang mungkin menderita diabetes atau tidak. Sebelum diimplementasikan melalui SVM, dilakukan terlebih dahulu preprocessing data yang terdiri dari Pembersihan outliers, pengisian missing data value, normalisasi data, penggunaan SMOTE dan pembagian train dan test data. Dan selanjutnya dirancang analisis model machine learning dengan menerapkan cross validation dan grid search validation. Hasil dari pengolahan data ini didapatkan sebuah sistem yang divisualisasikan dalam sebuah website statis yang dapat memudahkan kemampuan diagnosis, pengenalan dini kondisi prediabetes dengan nilai akurasi yaitu 81%.
Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu (Studi Kasus di MTs N 1 Cirebon)
Authors: Amir Faizal 
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui manajemen mutu terpadu yang diterapkan di MTs N 1 Cirebon. Sejauh mana mutu layanan terhadap siswa, mutu sumber daya manusia, mutu sarana prasarana, mutu proses pembelajaran, dan mutu lulusan yang diterapkan di MTs N 1 Cirebon. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mutu layanan terhadap siswa sangat memadai, sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki MTs N 1 Cirebon menjungjung tinggi profesionalisme, mutu lingkungan atau sarana prasarana yang dimiliki MTs N 1 Cirebon lengkap. Sedangkan mutu dalam proses pembelajaran setiap guru melaksanakan proses administrasi dengan rapih dan beberapa guru juga dapat mengembangkan kemampuannya lewat program MGMP. Adapaun lulusan dari MTs N 1 Cirebon mampu menjadi sosok yang bermutu, baik dari segi mutu fikir, dzikir dan mutu fikir, dzikir, maupun mutu dalam menyiapkan kemampuan untuk menangkap peluang untuk kehidupan di masa yang akan datang.
Cyber-attack: What Goes Around, Comes Around!
Authors: Barker Ken 
Published: August 2024

The Canadian Government recently introduced a new document entitled “Strong, Secure, and Engaged” (SSE) outlining Canada’s Defense Policy across a wide-range of its activities. One very new factor of SSE is the decision to develop active cyber-attack capabilities to potentially employ against potential adversaries. This raises some key issues including: (i) the potential implications of using cyber-attacks, (ii) the potential for unintended consequences arising as a result of using such, and (iii) the risks associated with subsequent use against the attacker either intentionally or accidentally. Overarching questions include defining under what circumstances cyber-attacks should be permitted and what should be done to ensure they cannot subsequently be used against us or lead to harming one of our allies? Canada’s allies have already developed and deployed such weapons with some demonstrable success but with some unintended consequences. What can we learn from the available information about the safe use of cyber-attacks and when is it reasonable to use such a weapon? The nature of this technology is different than other forms of military aggression used in either peace or war time. What checks and balances need to be put in place to ensure that it is used only under appropriate government-authorized military oversight? What protections can be put in place to ensure that the inadvertent release of a cyber-attack cannot occur? Finally, the decision to endorse the development a cyber-attack capability introduces a difficult dichotomy. Cyber-attack technology exploits discovered weaknesses in digital systems. In a regime that only permits cyber-defence activities, the discovery of weaknesses and deploying a repair for the discovered weakness is an obvious choice. However, if Canada is to incorporate a cyber-attack strategy, the decision to repair the weakness must now be traded-off against exploiting the weakness against an enemy. These undiscovered weaknesses are known as zero-day attacks because a previously unknown vulnerability in a computer system (hardware or software) is exploited “on the same day” the vulnerability becomes known to the wider world.
No Going Back: The Impact of ILO Convention 169 on Latin America in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Policzer Pablo , Aylwin José 
Published: August 2024

In this article we assess the impact of the International Labour Organization’s 1989 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C-169) since it entered into effect in 1991. We examine the Convention’s impact on selected key Latin American states which have ratified the Convention: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. We analyze each country’s constitutional order, legislative and jurisprudential developments, as well as different policy developments concerning indigenous peoples and their rights. We also trace the development of indigenous peoples’ rights in the same period in two non-ratifying states—Australia and Canada—along the same dimensions. We compare the impacts that these laws and policies have had on indigenous peoples’ rights, both in the six Latin American signatories as well as in Australia and Canada. In particular, we examine the indigenous right to political participation and self-government, as well as on the right to land, territories and natural resources. In doing so we assess the right of indigenous peoples to prior consultation and free, prior and informed consent (FPIC), and to participate in the benefits provided by resource extraction on their lands and territories. We then analyze and discuss the impact that ILO C-169 has had on non-ratifying states, in the case of in Australia and Canada. We argue that ILO C-169 has had an indirect but nevertheless decisive impact on these tow states expressed in legal developments, jurisprudence and policies that concern indigenous peoples. We conclude that ILO C-169 represents a key step in the recognition and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights. Whether directly or indirectly, and notwithstanding the many gaps still left to address, it demonstrates that there is no going back on indigenous peoples’ rights.
Russian geopolitical objectives in the current oil price crisis, and implications for Canada
Authors: Sukhankin Sergey 
Published: August 2024

Following the end of unsuccessful negotiations in March 2020 at OPEC headquarters in Vienna regarding oil production cuts, in the early March in Vienna (headquarters of OPEC), Russia and Saudi Arabia de-facto launched a prise war that resulted in a significant drop in oil prices (just as the COVID pandemic caused a concomitant drop in demand for oil), which in turn led to earthquake on the global oil market. As a result, prices of oil that plays an essential role for economies of both countries have plummeted to record lows no seen in two decades. While suffering economic losses, both countries, nevertheless, maintain an assertive posture and seem willing to pursue this policy even further. This paper examines the geopolitical logic of the Russian side – a country that has been placed under western economic sanctions since 2014 as a result of its illegal annexation of Crimea and destabilizing steps via proxy forces in the Southeastern Ukraine – and consequences thereof, particularly for Canada, as the price of Western Canada Select reached historic lows amidst a COVID-19 induced economic contraction.
Family Farmers to Foreign Fieldhands: Consolidation of Canadian Agriculture and the Temporary Foreign Worker Program
Authors: Falconer Robert 
Published: August 2024

In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, questions regarding the participation of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) in the Canadian workforce may seem reasonable. With borders closed to most international traffic due to public health concerns, and high levels of unemployment, the Canadian public, policy makers, and even employers may question the need to employ workers from abroad (Statistics Canada 2020; CBSA 2020). In addition to concerns over the health and employment of Canadians, the spread of COVID-19 among migrant workers has raised alarm over the security of both our food supply chain and the safety of workers (Rodriguez 2020; Yasmeen, Alexander, and Paskal 2020). These concerns have prompted policy makers at the federal level to study the issue in greater detail, and calls from advocates for expanded worker rights and protections (Migrant Rights 2020; HUMA 2020).
In this briefing paper we provide answers to some of the above concerns. We begin by outlining the necessary role of foreign workers in Canadian agriculture. Despite the sometimes-common notion that TFWs displace domestic workers, we present data that provides a more plausible history of the program. We demonstrate that, following the Second World War, Canadian agriculture underwent significant consolidation and a steep drop in the number of smallholder farms and unpaid family members working on them. As average farm sizes increased and the unpaid labour force fell, producers responded with efforts to mechanize their outfits and offer higher wages for paid employees. Despite efforts to attract local workers, the number of domestic labourers in food production has fluctuated between stagnation and marginal decline. The participation of foreign workers in Canadian food production may have little to do with the displacement of domestic workers in comparison to the consolidation of agriculture, the exit of own-account workers and unpaid family members from the sector, and their substitution with capital investment and expansion of the labour pool beyond the border.
This narrative of industrial transformation rather than displacement should inform the decisions of policy makers. Governments desiring to shutter the TFW program and replace the labour pool it provides with domestic workers may find little uptake among Canadians, replacing foreign workers with a shortage of workers. Producers may not be able to rapidly substitute towards further mechanization of food production, potentially resulting in higher prices at grocery stores, a reduction in exports, and greater reliance on imported food. We instead provide several suggestions that the federal and provincial governments may wish to consider to protect the lives and supply of foreign workers, and thereby secure the Canadian agricultural sector.
THE IMPACT OF PROPERTY TAXATION ON BUSINESS INVESTMENT IN ALBERTA
Authors: Dahlby Bev , Ferede Ergete , Khanal Mukesh 
Published: August 2024

Alberta municipalities rely heavily on property taxes levied on residential and non-residential sectors to finance local public services. This paper investigates the effects of non-residential property tax rate on business investment using panel data from 17 Alberta cities over the 1998-2017 period. We find that a one mill increase in the non-residential property tax rate is associated with a $49 decrease in commercial and industrial real capita investment. Based on this estimate, we calculate the marginal cost of public funds for the non-residential property tax, which range from 3.12 for Lethbridge to 1.21 for Leduc. We also find that business taxes that are levied on the rental value of a business property have a negative impact on investment, while higher expenditures on municipal services do not have a significant effect on business investment.
Strengthening Canada’s Food System by Reducing Food Waste
Authors: Holland Kerri 
Published: August 2024

Canada’s food system has evolved under pressure to constantly produce more and do so more efficiently. However, the drive for increased productivity has also led to rising levels of food loss and waste. In Canada, over half of our annual food supply is discarded. Wasted resources, economic costs, pollution and growing numbers of citizens who are food insecure underline the importance of tackling this critical public policy issue. The aim of this paper is to better understand food loss and waste in Canada’s food system and offer suggestions for policy action.
Canada’s food system is interconnected and food loss and waste occur at every level of the supply chain. They are the result of multiple and cumulative activities and the economic, social and environmental impacts are considerable. Consumers and businesses fail to adequately measure and account for the costs of waste and this is a reflection of how our society values food. There has been a general disregard for food loss and waste in the pursuit of maximizing output/economic growth, meeting market demands and keeping food prices low.
COVID-19’s impact has shed light on the strengths and vulnerabilities of Canada’s food system. Disruptions in our supply chains garnered media attention and food security concerns became top of mind for many Canadians. Diverting food can help alleviate food insecurity but it can also serve an important role in reducing food waste. However, there are key challenges to facilitating food rescue that have been highlighted and exacerbated over the last year, including lack of infrastructure and co-ordination, misconceptions about food safety and worries related to cost and liability.
Reducing the problem of food loss and waste in Canada’s food system will require a unified strategy and committed leadership. Policy action should be directed at enhancing measurement, education, innovation and policy reform. Reducing avoidable loss and waste through policy measures that enable prevention and diversion will ultimately strengthen our food system by wasting fewer resources, finding new economic opportunities, preventing environmental damage and alleviating food insecurity.
The CHA and Beyond The Role of Legislation in National Reform in Health Care
Authors: Forest Pierre-Gerlier , Stoltz Lori 
Published: August 2024

This paper is centred on the use of legislation as a tool of public action in health policy. We suggest that as with the Canada Health Act of 1984, this option should be considered to direct future reform efforts and pursue our collective aims of health and wellness.

The CHA is the legislative expression of the federal government’s exercise of its spending power, serving to consolidate key national agreements governing the circumstances under which the federal government contributes to the costs of medically necessary health services delivered by the provinces and territories.

Two features of the CHA merit highlighting. The first is that its core provisions – in particular, the five criteria often referred to as Canada’s “national standards” for health care – were not new or original to the CHA. The CHA was nonetheless an important step in the development of Canada’s health system because it enshrined together, in one statute, longstanding commitments. A second feature of the CHA worth highlighting is that it does not stand alone. The CHA is one of 13 statutes across the country, including one in each province and territory, that serve together to establish the basic legal infrastructure of Canada’s health insurance system.

The CHA’s powers to make regulations and issue policy interpretation letters offer important potential to achieve needed health system reforms without needing to “open” the Act. Even where these powers are unrestricted by an express requirement for consultation with the provinces and territories, however, this would undoubtedly be required given the fundamentally consensual nature of the CHA.

Finally, the federal government’s legislative options are not limited to the CHA. Jurisdiction over health and health care in Canada is shared between the federal and provincial and territorial governments. The various federal powers with health aspects allocated by the Constitution Act, 1867 are significant, including the residual “federal health power” to make laws “for the peace, order and good government of Canada” (POGG). It therefore makes good sense to consider federal policy objectives in the health domain with regard for the full spectrum of federal legislative competence.
Carbon Credit Systems in Agriculture: A Review of Literature
Authors: Lokuge Nimanthika , Anders Sven 
Published: August 2024

Carbon-credit systems allow agricultural producers to earn an extra revenue through selling their surplus of carbon credits to producers who emit higher amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, agricultural carbon-credit systems are still at early stage; hence, these benefits cannot be guaranteed due to their uncertain nature and the paucity of scientific evidence about agricultural carbon credits. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review to highlight the gaps in existing knowledge related to agricultural carbon credits/offsets. Our particular interest is on Alberta because the province indicates the highest agricultural GHG emissions from 1990 to 2019 and, therefore, developing strategies to reduce the sector’s carbon intensity without compromising its economic contribution to the provincial economy poses a challenge.
Literature is evident for promising GHG-mitigation strategies such as adoption of 4R practices (the right source at the right rate, right time and right place) as a package and improved efficiency in cattle farm management. Reduced tillage has been found to be less efficient. Researchers favour the concept of regenerative agriculture, which is more likely to return better outcomes compared to tillage practices. Moreover, ranchers are willing to upgrade their farms with efficient cattle breeds to take advantage of decreased feed costs. Conversely, farmers are reluctant to participate in the Alberta Emission Offset System unless rewarded with incentives.
However, carbon-credit markets are still growing; consequently, farmers may have more opportunities in the future. If the Alberta credit price continues to grow with no expected increase in transaction costs, agricultural producers would be more attracted to participate in the Alberta Emission Offset System. Moreover, endorsing farmers for carbon-crediting mechanisms by emphasizing the co-benefits and associated economic incentives is recommended, instead of prioritizing its potential financial gains.
Nevertheless, due to the scarcity of published studies, it is too early to project the economic and climate-mitigative potential of carbon-offset–credit markets for Canadian farmers. Literature suggests farmers wait until the carbon market becomes more stable before making a decision. Future research and scientific evidence will be crucial to filling these gaps and to guaranteeing future protocols.
Canada, the G8 and the G20: A Canadian Approach to Shaping Global Governance in a Shifting International Environment
Authors: Smith Gordon S. , Heap Peter C. 
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews the history of the Group of Eight (G8) and the subsequent establishment of the Group of Twenty (G20). It summarizes and analyzes the outcome of the most recent G8 and G20 Summits held in 2010 at Huntsville and Toronto respectively. It takes stock of the G8/G20 summit processes, noting the emerging trends with respect to the role of Government Leaders, summit management and summit effectiveness. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for a Canadian approach to influencing the rapid changes in international decision-making manifested by recent G8 and G20 experience. Chief among these suggestions is that Canada should lead work on resolving the relationship between the G8 and the G20 with a view to consolidating the G20 as a fully functioning instrument of global governance.