bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Modification of PCL Porous Scaffolds Fabricated by Solvent‐Casting/Particulate‐Leaching for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Intranuovo Francesca , Gristina Roberto , Brun Francesco , Mohammadi Sara , Ceccone Giacomo , Sardella Eloisa , Rossi François , Tromba Giuliana , Favia Pietro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe improvement of scaffold performances as cell carriers in a tissue implant is still a challenge in tissue engineering. Since cells in contact with a scaffold firstly sense its top surface before interacting with its macro‐/micro‐porous structure, the insertion of chemical motifs within the body of the scaffold could improve cell colonization through its entire structure. In this study, combinations of plasma deposition and treatment processes have been employed to create chemical gradients inside polycaprolactone porous scaffolds, whose micro‐morphology has been finely characterized with synchrotron radiation computed micro‐tomography. The graded chemical composition of these scaffolds has successfully allowed the increase of cell viability with respect to untreated materials.
Multicenter analysis of body mass index, lung function, and sputum microbiology in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Maglione Marco , Bush Andrew , Nielsen Kim G. , Hogg Claire , Montella Silvia , Marthin June K. , Di Giorgio Angela , Santamaria Francesca 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundNo studies longitudinally, simultaneously assessed body mass index (BMI) and spirometry in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).MethodsWe determined BMI and spirometry in 158 PCD children and adolescents from London, UK (n = 75), Naples, Italy (n = 23) and Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 60) at first presentation and during follow‐up. Annual BMI and spirometry were prospectively collected and analyzed over blocks of 2, 4, and 6 consecutive years. Sputum pathogens were recorded.ResultsAge at first spirometry was 8.7 years (range, 4.2–17.4). Mean Z scores of first measured BMI, FEV1, FVC, and FEF25–75 were 0.01, −1.37, −0.84, and −1.68, respectively. First spirometry was not more frequently impaired in patients referred at age ≥6 years than in those referred at preschool age (P = 0.13). There were no differences in slopes for BMI, FEV1, FVC, or FEF25–75 over any time block. H. influenzae was the most common pathogen, isolated at least once in 65% of patients. P. aeruginosa was found in 58 subjects (37%) of whom 8 (5%) were chronically infected. Neither pathogens was associated with spirometry changes.ConclusionsPreschool referral to a PCD center was not associated with better spirometry or BMI. PCD children and adolescents receiving centralized care show steady BMI and spirometry during medium term follow‐up. There was a high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, but the evolution of spirometry or BMI was not affected by this microorganism in medium term. Despite our longitudinal analysis showed no differences between the three centers, the assessment of spirometry and BMI over time represents a quality improvement tool. Future studies are needed to highlight the role of spirometry and BMI in long term PCD management and identify subgroups of patients with a higher risk of early lung failure or nutritional problems. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1243–1250. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular determinants of the ATP hydrolysis asymmetry of the CCT chaperonin complex
Authors: Chagoyen Mónica , Carrascosa José L. , Pazos Florencio , Valpuesta José M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin CCT is a molecular machine involved in assisting the folding of proteins involved in important cellular processes. Like other chaperonins, CCT is formed by a double‐ring structure but, unlike all of them, each ring is composed of eight different, albeit homologous subunits. This complexity has probably to do with the specificity in substrate interaction and with the mechanism of protein folding that takes place during the chaperonin functional cycle, but its detailed molecular basis remains unknown. We have analyzed the known proteomes in search of residues that are differentially conserved in the eight subunits, as predictors of functional specificity (specificity‐determining positions; SDPs). We have found that most of these SDPs are located near the ATP binding site, and that they define four CCT clusters, corresponding to subunits CCT3, CCT6, CCT8 and CCT1/2/4/5/7. Our results point to a spatial organisation of the CCT subunits in two opposite areas of the ring and provide a molecular explanation for the previously described asymmetry in the hydrolysis of ATP. Proteins 2014; 82:703–707. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From theMarginalImmigrant to theMobileCitizen: Reconstruction of Identity of Romanian Migrants in Spain
Authors: Marcu Silvia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper looks into the complex interplay of identity (re)construction as conducted by Romanian immigrants to Spain within the context of the enlargement of the European Union towards Eastern Europe. By using qualitative research techniques, the paper attempts to highlight how the migration process, which is closely tied to border dynamics and European expansion occurring in stages from 1990 to the present, has influenced the (re)construction of identity and the change of discourse among immigrants. As part of the analysis, the study looks into the factors that contribute to the initial loss of the components of identity, identity reconstruction, and the types of identity emerging from the process of mobility. Finally, the paper examines to what extent immigrants' temporary work movements influence the nature of identity construction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The unoccupied electronic structure characterization of hydrothermally grown ThO2 single crystals
Authors: Kelly T. D. , Petrosky J. C. , Turner D. , McClory J. W. , Mann J. M. , Kolis J. W. , Zhang Xin , Dowben P. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of thorium dioxide ThO2, grown by the hydrothermal growth technique, have been investigated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES), and L3, M3, M4, and M5 X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The experimental band gap for large single crystals has been determined to be 6 eV to 7 eV, from UPS and IPES, in line with expectations. The combined UPS and IPES, place the Fermi level near the conduction band minimum, making these crystals n‐type, with extensive band tailing, suggesting an optical gap in the region of 4.8 eV for excitations from occupied to unoccupied edge states. Hybridization between the Th 6d/5f bands with O 2p is strongly implicated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lambertian light trapping in thin crystalline macroporous Si layers
Authors: Ernst Marco , Brendel Rolf 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLambertian light trapping is a benchmark for efficient light trapping. In this Letter we experimentally quantify the degree of Lambertian light trapping in a macroporous silicon layer. The optical absorption of the effective (26.7 ± 5.5) µm thick sample with randomly arranged pores yields a photogeneration corresponding to a maximum current density of (40.8 ± 0.4) mA cm–2 and thus achieves a fraction of 0.985 ± 0.012 of the current density expected from a Lambertian light trapping scheme. The measured spectrum of the escape reflectance is well described with an analytic model assuming a complete randomization of the directions of light propagation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cumulative sojourn time in longitudinal studies: a sequential imputation method to handle missing health state data due to dropout
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Liu Jingchen , Duan Naihua , Jiang Huiping , Girgis Ragy , Lieberman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMissing data are ubiquitous in longitudinal studies. In this paper, we propose an imputation procedure to handle dropouts in longitudinal studies. By taking advantage of the monotone missing pattern resulting from dropouts, our imputation procedure can be carried out sequentially, which substantially reduces the computation complexity. In addition, at each step of the sequential imputation, we set up a model selection mechanism that chooses between a parametric model and a nonparametric model to impute each missing observation. Unlike usual model selection procedures that aim at finding a single model fitting the entire data set well, our model selection procedure is customized to find a suitable model for the prediction of each missing observation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Catalytic Evaluation of a Palladium Catalyst Deposited over Two‐Dimensional Zeolite ITQ‐2 Modified with N‐Donor Groups
Authors: Štěpnička Petr , Křečková Pavlína , Semler Miloslav , Čejka Jiří 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Two‐dimensional zeolite ITQ‐2 was reacted successively with (3‐chloropropyl)triethoxysilane, 2‐(N,N‐diethylamino)ethylamine, and ammonia to give a support bearing the ≡Si(CH2)3NHCH2CH2NEt2 groups at the surface. Subsequent treatment with palladium(II) acetate afforded an immobilized palladium catalyst 3, which was tested in the Heck coupling of n‐butyl acrylate with bromobenzene to give n‐butyl cinnamate (4). This (pre)catalyst, which acts as a source of active metal species for the reaction occurring in the liquid phase, showed good activity in N,N‐dimethylformamide and N,N‐dimethylacetamide at 150 °C. Reaction tests with different bases revealed a pronounced effect of the base additive on the course of the catalyzed process in terms of both the activity (yield of the coupling product) and selectivity [amount of n‐butyl 3, 3‐diphenylacrylate (5) resulting from twofold arylation]. Among the hydrated bases, the best yields of 4 were obtained in reactions performed in the presence of CH3CO2Na·3H2O and Na3PO4·12H2O, while that with Na2CO3·10H2O furnished considerably worse results. The use of the respective anhydrous bases not only decreased the yield of 4 but also incited the formation of the unwanted doubly arylated product 5.
Na3[BN2] and Na2K[BN2]: A Known and a Novel Alkali Metal Dinitridoborate Obtained via Mild Thermal Dehydrogenation
Authors: Koz Cevriye , Acar Selçuk , Prots Yurii , Höhn Peter , Somer Mehmet 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNa3[BN2] and Na2K[BN2] were obtained as white polycrystalline powders from the reaction of the respective binary mixtures NaNH2:NaBH4 and NaNH2:KBH4 in molar ratio 2:1 at 873 K and 683 K, respectively, in an argon stream. According to the results of thermal analysis measurements, both compounds are thermally stable only up to 954 K (Na3[BN2]) and 712 K (Na2K[BN2]), respectively, decomposing under evolution of alkali metal and nitrogen to yield hexagonal BN as final residue, which was identified from powder patterns. The crystal structure of Na3[BN2] {β‐Li3[BN2] type; P21/c (No. 14); Z = 4} was confirmed and the unit cell parameters redetermined: a = 5.724(1) Å, b = 7.944(1) Å, c = 7.893(1) Å, β = 111.31(1)°. According to X‐ray powder data, Na2K[BN2] crystallizes isotypic to Na2KCuO2 in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm (No. 139) with a = 4.2359(1) Å, c = 10.3014(2) Å and Z = 2. The crystal structure of Na2K[BN2] is composed of linear [N–B–N]3– anions centering elongated M14 rhombic dodecahedra, which are formed by 8 sodium and 6 potassium atoms. The [BN2]@Na8/4K6/6 polyhedra are stacked along [001] and condensed via common tetragonal faces to generate a space‐filling 3D arrangement. The B–N bond lengths for the strictly linear [N–B–N]3– units are 1.357(4) Å. Vibrational spectra of the title compounds were measured and analyzed based on D∞h symmetry of the relevant [N–B–N]3– groups taking into account the site symmetry effects for Na3[BN2]. Both the wavenumbers, as well as the calculated valence force constants f(B–N) = 7.29 N·cm–1 (Na3[BN2]) and 7.33 N·cm–1 (Na2K[BN2]), respectively, are in good agreement with those of the known alkali and alkaline earth dinitridoborates.
Synthese und Koordinationsverhalten neuer Schiffscher Basen aus 3‐Formylacetylaceton und natürlichen L‐Aminosäuren
Authors: Hentsch Andreas , Wagner Christoph , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree novel chiral Schiff Base ligands (H2L) were prepared from the condensation reaction of 3‐formyl acetylacetone with the amino acids L‐alanine, L‐phenylalanine, and L‐threonine. X‐ray single crystal analyses revealed that the Schiff Base compounds exist as enamine tautomers in the solid state. The molecular structure of the compounds is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bridge between the enamine NH function and a carbonyl oxygen atom of the pentandione residue. Treatment of the ligands H2L with copper(II) actetate in the presence of pyridine led to the formation of copper complexes [CuL(py)]. In each of the complexes the copper atoms adopt a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination. Three of the basal coordination sites are occupied by the doubly deprotonated Schiff Bases L2– which act as tridentate chelating O, N, O‐ligands. The remaining coordination sites are occupied by a pyridine ligand at the base and a carboxyl oxygen atom of a neighboring complex at the apical position. The latter coordination is responsible for a catenation of the complexes in the solid state.
Channeling Power Across Ecological Systems: Social Regularities in Community Organizing
Authors: Christens Brian D. , Inzeo Paula Tran , Faust Victoria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRelational and social network perspectives provide opportunities for more holistic conceptualizations of phenomena of interest in community psychology, including power and empowerment. In this article, we apply these tools to build on multilevel frameworks of empowerment by proposing that networks of relationships between individuals constitute the connective spaces between ecological systems. Drawing on an example of a model for grassroots community organizing practiced by WISDOM—a statewide federation supporting local community organizing initiatives in Wisconsin—we identify social regularities (i.e., relational and temporal patterns) that promote empowerment and the development and exercise of social power through building and altering relational ties. Through an emphasis on listening‐focused one‐to‐one meetings, reflection, and social analysis, WISDOM organizing initiatives construct and reinforce social regularities that develop social power in the organizing initiatives and advance psychological empowerment among participant leaders in organizing. These patterns are established by organizationally driven brokerage and mobilization of interpersonal ties, some of which span ecological systems. Hence, elements of these power‐focused social regularities can be conceptualized as cross‐system channels through which micro‐level empowerment processes feed into macro‐level exercise of social recommendations for theory and designpower, and vice versa. We describe examples of these channels in action, and offer of future action research.
The Ophthalmic Experience: Unanticipated Primary Findings in the Era of Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Huang Jillian T. , Heckenlively John R. , Jayasundera K. Thiran , Branham Kari E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) technology, with the ability to sequence many genomic regions at once, can provide clinicians with increased information, in the form of more mutations detected. Discussions on broad testing technology have largely been focused on incidental findings, or unanticipated results related to diseases beyond the primary indication for testing. By examining multiple genes that could be responsible for the patient's presentation, however, there is also the possibility of unexpected results that are related to the reason genetic testing was ordered. We present a case study where multiple potentially causative mutations were detected using NGS technology. This case raises questions of scientific uncertainty, and has important implications for medical management and secondary studies. Clinicians and genetic counselors should be aware of the potential for increased information to affect one's understanding of genetic risk, and the pre‐ and post‐testing counseling process.
Functionalized Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed 1‐Feruloyl‐sn‐glycerol Synthesis
Authors: Sun Shangde , Chen Xiaowei , Bi Yanlan , Chen Jingnan , Yang Guolong , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFeruloyl Glycerol (FG) is a potential antioxidant and UV absorbing ingredient in food and cosmetic industries. Transesterifications of ethyl ferulate (EF) with glycerol to synthesize FG were performed using different functionalized ionic liquids (1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium tosylate, [BSO3HMIM]TS; 1‐propylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium tosylate, [PSO3HMIM]TS; 1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [BSO3HMIM]OTF; 1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [BSO3HMIM]HSO4; N‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [HMIM]HSO4; 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydroxide, [BMIM]OH; 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazo tetrachloride molysite, [BMIM]FeCl4; and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazo tetrachloride molysite, [BMIM]FeCl4) as catalysts, respectively. High EF conversion (98.0 ± 1.5 %), 1‐FG (1‐feruloyl‐sn‐glycerol) yield (88.7 ± 1.1 %) and reaction selectivity for 1‐FG (90.5 ± 2.1 %) were obtained using [BSO3HMIM]TS as catalyst. The activation energy (Ea), the Michaelis–Menten kinetic constant (Km), and the maximum initial reaction rate (vmax) of the transesterification are 65.9 ± 3.3 kJ/mol, 1.8 ± 0.1 mol/L, and (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10−2 mol/(L min), respectively. Effects of catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of EF to glycerol on EF conversion and reaction selectivity for 1‐FG (1‐FG yield/EF conversion) were also investigated.
Breaking Up Is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce in the United States, 1980–2010
Authors: Kennedy Sheela , Ruggles Steven 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article critically evaluates the available data on trends in divorce in the United States. We find that both vital statistics and retrospective survey data on divorce after 1990 underestimate recent marital instability. These flawed data have led some analysts to conclude that divorce has been stable or declining for the past three decades. Using new data from the American Community Survey and controlling for changes in the age composition of the married population, we conclude that there was actually a substantial increase in age-standardized divorce rates between 1990 and 2008. Divorce rates have doubled over the past two decades among persons over age 35. Among the youngest couples, however, divorce rates are stable or declining. If current trends continue, overall age-standardized divorce rates could level off or even decline over the next few decades. We argue that the leveling of divorce among persons born since 1980 probably reflects the increasing selectivity of marriage.
Factors Shaping Workplace Segregation Between Natives and Immigrants
Authors: Strömgren Magnus , Tammaru Tiit , Danzer Alexander M. , van Ham Maarten , Marcińczak Szymon , Stjernström Olof , Lindgren Urban 
Published: January 2014

AbstractResearch on segregation of immigrant groups is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas toward other important places, such as the workplace, where immigrants can meet and interact with members of the native population. This article examines workplace segregation of immigrants. We use longitudinal, georeferenced Swedish population register data, which enables us to observe all immigrants in Sweden for the period 1990–2005 on an annual basis. We compare estimates from ordinary least squares with fixed-effects regressions to quantify the extent of immigrants’ self-selection into specific workplaces, neighborhoods, and partnerships, which may bias more naïve ordinary least squares results. In line with previous research, we find lower levels of workplace segregation than residential segregation. The main finding is that low levels of residential segregation reduce workplace segregation, even after we take into account intermarriage with natives as well as unobserved characteristics of immigrants’ such as willingness and ability to integrate into the host society. Being intermarried with a native reduces workplace segregation for immigrant men but not for immigrant women.
A phase1 study of stereotactic gene delivery of AAV2‐NGF for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rafii Michael S. , Baumann Tiffany L. , Bakay Roy A. E. , Ostrove Jeffrey M. , Siffert Joao , Fleisher Adam S. , Herzog Christopher D. , Barba David , Pay Mary , Salmon David P. , Chu Yaping , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Bishop Kathie , Keator David , Potkin Steven , Bartus Raymond T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundNerve growth factor (NGF) is an endogenous neurotrophic‐factor protein with the potential to restore function and to protect degenerating cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but safe and effective delivery has proved unsuccessful.MethodsGene transfer, combined with stereotactic surgery, offers a potential means to solve the long‐standing delivery obstacles. An open‐label clinical trial evaluated the safety and tolerability, and initial efficacy of three ascending doses of the genetically engineered gene‐therapy vector adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 delivering NGF (AAV2‐NGF [CERE‐110]). Ten subjects with AD received bilateral AAV2‐NGF stereotactically into the nucleus basalis of Meynert.ResultsAAV2‐NGF was safe and well‐tolerated for 2 years. Positron emission tomographic imaging and neuropsychological testing showed no evidence of accelerated decline. Brain autopsy tissue confirmed long‐term, targeted, gene‐mediated NGF expression and bioactivity.ConclusionsThis trial provides important evidence that bilateral stereotactic administration of AAV2‐NGF to the nucleus basalis of Meynert is feasible, well‐tolerated, and able to produce long‐term, biologically active NGF expression, supporting the initiation of an ongoing multicenter, double‐blind, sham‐surgery‐controlled trial.