bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
25. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium – eine deutsche Erfolgsgeschichte
Authors: Stritzke Jürgen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMagnifizenz Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. D.Eng./Auckland Drs. h.c. HANS MÜLLER‐STEINHAGEN hieß am 10. März d. J. die über 1.400 Teilnehmer zum silbernen Jubiläum des Dresdner Brückenbausymposiums herzlich willkommen und erinnerte an die viele Jahrhunderte alte Tradition des Brückenbaus, der immer wieder mit neuen Ideen und Entwicklungen aufwarten kann. Auch in diesem Jahr wurde mit den Themen der Bogen von bemerkenswerten historischen Ingenieurleistungen über Neuheiten bei den technischen Entwicklungen, Baustoffen und Verfahren bis zu neuen Brückenbauwerken, zur Vorstellung von Instandsetzungsprojekten und Visionen gespannt. Das Dresdner Brückenbausymposium habe in seiner eigenen Dynamik gleichsam die Entwicklung der Technischen Universität Dresden im kleinen Maßstab mitgestaltet, betonte der Rektor. Es sind auch wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen vom Format des Symposiums, die die Aufmerksamkeit auf die TU Dresden lenken. Die Brücke steht schlechthin als ein Symbol für das Verbindliche an sich. Sowohl der Brückenbau in der Praxis als auch in Forschung und Entwicklung an der TU Dresden bleibt mit Sicherheit spannend und die besten Ausblicke auf die künftigen Entwicklungen bekommt man auch in Zukunft bei diesem Symposium.
Prognose und Bewertung von Bauwerkserschütterungen infolge Tiefbauarbeiten
Authors: Achmus Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBei Tiefbauarbeiten wird häufig rammend oder vibrierend auf den Baugrund eingewirkt. Hierdurch entstehen Erschütterungswellen, die sich im Baugrund ausbreiten und auf im Umfeld befindliche Bauwerke übertragen werden. Die Frage, welche Erschütterungsintensitäten in Bauwerken abhängig von Art und Intensität der Einwirkung, Abstand zum Bauwerk, Baugrundverhältnissen und Bauwerkseigenschaften zu erwarten sind und ob dadurch Schäden entstehen können, ist baupraktisch von großer Bedeutung. Es werden grundlegende Zusammenhänge erläutert und empirisch basierte Prognoseverfahren für verschiedene Bauverfahren (Vibrations‐ und Schlagrammung, Vibrationsverdichtung, Tiefenrüttlung) zusammengestellt. Hiermit lässt sich die maximale Schwinggeschwindigkeitsamplitude im Boden bzw. an einem Fundament abschätzen. Auf die Übertragung von Erschütterungen innerhalb des Bauwerks, also vom Fundament auf Decken und Wände, wird ebenfalls eingegangen. Durch Gegenüberstellung von Prognosewerten mit in DIN 4150 Teil 3 angegebenen Anhaltswerten lassen sich Erschütterungen hinsichtlich ihrer potenziellen Schadensrelevanz beurteilen. Ergänzend wird auch die Abschätzung von Baugrundsetzungen infolge Erschütterungseinwirkung thematisiert. Mit den dargestellten Ansätzen ist es möglich, den erforderlichen bzw. empfehlenswerten Mindestabstand eines Baugeräts von einem vorhandenen Bauwerk zu bestimmen.Prediction and assessment of building vibrations due to ground worksIn ground works hammer strokes or vibrations often act on the subsoil. This generates vibration waves which propagate through the subsoil and are transferred to adjacent buildings. The questions, which vibration intensities originate in buildings dependent on the intensity of the ground work, the distance to the building, the subsoil conditions and the building features and whether building damages have to be expected, are of immense practical relevance. In the paper, basic relationships are explained and empirical prediction approaches for different types of ground works (vibratory and impact driving, vibratory compaction, deep vibro compaction) are presented, which make the estimation of peak particle velocities in the ground below or directly at footings possible. The transfer of vibrations inside a building, i.e. from the footings to walls or floor slabs, is also considered. By comparison of predicted values with indicative values given in DIN 4150‐3, vibrations can be assessed with regard to potential damages. Complementary, the estimation of settlements due to ground vibrations is dealt with. The presented approaches enable the determination of required or recommendable minimum distances of a ground work device from existing buildings.
Environmental assessment of bioethanol from onshore grown green seaweed
Authors: Brockmann Doris , Pradinaud Charlotte , Champenois Jennifer , Benoit Maud , Hélias Arnaud 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlgae are an attractive, alternative renewable source for biofuel production compared to biomass from food crops or cellulosic materials. Marine algae do not need fresh water or arable land and, thus, production of marine algae does not compete with food production. In contrast to biofuel production from microalgae, the use of macroalgal biomass as feedstock for biofuel production is still in its infancy. This study presents an environmental assessment of bioethanol from onshore grown green seaweed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The environmental assessment is based on data from literature and initial laboratory scale experiments, as industrial scale facilities for bioethanol production from macroalgae do not exist. Alternative systems are compared to the reference system and the limits of the LCA are discussed with respect to the co‐product management (allocation vs. substitution) in the LCA model. Impact assessment results showed that nutrients for seaweed growth and electricity consumption by the culture system were the main contributors to the environmental burdens of the reference system. Bioethanol from onshore cultivated green seaweed turned out to be an environmentally efficient biofuel compared to fossil fuel and bioethanol from sugarcane. The type of co‐product management selected in LCA largely affected the impact assessment results. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Der Durkheim‐Test. Anmerkungen zu Susan Leigh Stars Grenzobjekten
Authors: Gießmann Sebastian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Durkheim Test. Remarks on Susan Leigh Star’s Boundary Objects. The article reconstructs Susan Leigh Star’s conceptual work on the notion of ‘boundary objects’. It traces the emergence of the concept, beginning with her PhD thesis and its publication as Regions of the Mind in 1989. ‘Boundary objects’ attempt to represent the distributed, multifold nature of scientific work and its mediations between different ‘social worlds’. Being addressed to several ‘communities of practice’, the term responded to questions from Distributed Artificial Intelligence in Computer Science, Workplace Studies and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), and microhistorical approaches inside the growing Science and Technology Studies. Yet the interdisciplinary character and interpretive flexibility of Star’s invention has rarely been noticed as a conceptual tool for media theory. I therefore propose to reconsider Star’s ‘Durkheim test’ for sociotechnical media practices.
Zur Einführung einer begrifflichen Perspektive in die Mathematik: Dedekind, Noether, van der Waerden
Authors: Koreuber Mechthild 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor the Introduction of a Conceptual Perspective in Mathematics: Dedekind, Noether, van der Waerden.„She [Noether] then appeared as the creator of a new direction in algebra and became the leader, the most consistent and brilliant representative, of a particular mathematical doctrine – of all that is characterized by the term ‚Begriffliche Mathematik‘.“2The aim of this paper is to illuminate this “new direction”, which can be characterized as a conceptual [begriffliche] perspective in mathematics, and to comprehend its roots and trace its establishment. Field, ring, ideal, the core concepts of this new direction in mathematical images of knowledge, were conceptualized by Richard Dedekind (1831–1916) within the scope of his number theory research and associated with an understanding of a formation of concepts as a “free creation of the human spirit”3. They thus stand for an abstract perspective of mathematics in their entirety, described as ‘modern algebra’ in the 1920s and 1930s, leading to an understanding of mathematics as structural sciences. The establishment of this approach to mathematics, which is based on “general mathematical concepts” [allgemein‐mathematische Begriffe]4, was the success of a cultural movement whose most important protagonists included Emmy Noether (1882–1935) and her pupil Bartel L. van der Waerden (1903–1996). With the use of the term ‘conceptual’, a perspective is taken in the analysis which allows for developing connections between the thinking of Dedekind, the “working and conceptual methods” [Arbeits‐ und Auffassungsmethoden]5of Noether as well as the methodological approach, represented through the thought space of the Noether School as presented under the term “conceptual world” [Begriffswelt]6in theModerne Algebraof van der Waerden. This essay thus makes a contribution to the history of the introduction of a structural perspective in mathematics, a perspective that is inseparable from the mathematical impact of Noether, her reception of the work of Dedekind and the creative strength of the Noether School.
Bioleaching of rare earth elements from monazite sand
Authors: Brisson Vanessa L. , Zhuang Wei‐Qin , Alvarez‐Cohen Lisa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThree fungal strains were found to be capable of bioleaching rare earth elements from monazite, a rare earth phosphate mineral, utilizing the monazite as a phosphate source and releasing rare earth cations into solution. These organisms include one known phosphate solubilizing fungus, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, as well as two newly isolated fungi: an Aspergillus terreus strain ML3‐1 and a Paecilomyces spp. strain WE3‐F. Although monazite also contains the radioactive element Thorium, bioleaching by these fungi preferentially solubilized rare earth elements over Thorium, leaving the Thorium in the solid residual. Adjustments in growth media composition improved bioleaching performance measured as rare earth release. Cell‐free spent medium generated during growth of A. terreus strain ML3‐1 and Paecilomyces spp. strain WE3‐F in the presence of monazite leached rare earths to concentrations 1.7–3.8 times those of HCl solutions of comparable pH, indicating that compounds exogenously released by these organisms contribute substantially to leaching. Organic acids released by the organisms included acetic, citric, gluconic, itaconic, oxalic, and succinic acids. Abiotic leaching with laboratory prepared solutions of these acids was not as effective as bioleaching or leaching with cell‐free spent medium at releasing rare earths from monazite, indicating that compounds other than the identified organic acids contribute to leaching performance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 339–348. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of perioperative antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Pasquali S , Boal M , Griffiths E A , Alderson D , Vohra R S 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of perioperative antibiotics in reducing surgical-site infection (SSI) and overall nosocomial infections in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary colic and low- and moderate-risk cholecystitis (Tokyo classification) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess this.

Methods
Searches were conducted of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The analysis was performed using the random-effects method, and the risk ratio (RR) with 95 per cent c.i. was employed.

Results
Nineteen RCTs, published between 1997 and 2015, with a total of 5259 participants, of whom 2709 (51·5 per cent) were treated with antibiotics, were included. SSI and overall nosocomial infections were detected in 2·4 and 4·2 per cent respectively of patients given perioperative antibiotics, and in 3·2 and 7·2 per cent of those who received no antibiotics. Antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of SSI (RR 0·81, 95 per cent c.i. 0·58 to 1·13; P = 0·21) or overall nosocomial infections (RR 0·64, 0·36 to 1·14; P = 0·13). There was no significant between-study heterogeneity for SSI, but significant between-study heterogeneity in the eight studies that reported nosocomial infections. Analysis of studies considered to be high quality, grouped according to the timing of antibiotics (preoperative only or perioperative) and reporting intention-to-treat analyses, again failed to show a significant reduction in SSI.

Conclusion
Antibiotics should not be administered before laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with biliary colic and/or low- and moderate-risk cholecystitis.
Experimental study of the potential hazards of surgical smoke from powered instruments
Authors: In S M , Park D-Y , Sohn I K , Kim C-H , Lim H L , Hong S-A , Jung D Y , Jeong S-Y , Han J H , Kim H J 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Many surgical instruments have been replaced with powered devices in open gastrointestinal and laparoscopic surgery. The production of smoke as a result of vaporization of surgical tissue is inevitable, and exposure to surgical smoke is a long-standing concern. These vapours are potentially hazardous to patients and surgical teams. The present research was designed to compare various surgical devices to determine whether viable cells exist in their surgical smoke.

Methods
The search for viable cells in surgical smoke was conducted using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Various cancers were cauterized with electrocautery, radiofrequency ablation and ultrasonic scalpels, and the resulting surgical smoke was aspirated with Transwell® membrane; viable cells were sought in the surgical smoke. In an in vivo experiment, samples of SCC7 were cauterized with an ultrasonic scalpel and the sediment from the rinsed Transwell® membrane liquid after centrifugation was injected subcutaneously into the lower back of mice.

Results
Viable cells were found only in the smoke from ultrasonic scalpels (in all 25 samples taken 5 cm from the cautery; 2 of 25 samples at 10 cm). Viable cells in the surgical smoke from ultrasonic scalpels implanted in mice grew in 16 of 40 injection sites. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that these cancer cells were identical to the cancer cells cauterized by the ultrasonic scalpel.

Conclusion
Viable tumour cells are produced in the surgical smoke from tumour dissection by ultrasonic scalpel. Surgical relevanceSurgical smoke is a by product of dissection using a number of powered devices. Hazards to operating room personnel and patients are unclear.This study has shown that use of an ultrasonic dissection device can produce smoke that contains viable tumour cells.Although the model is somewhat artificial, a theoretical risk exists, and measures to evacuate surgical smoke efficiently are important.
Extraction of nutraceuticals from Spirulina (blue‐green alga): A bioorganic chemistry practice using thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Herrera Bravo de Laguna Irma , Toledo Marante Francisco J. , Luna‐Freire Kristerson R. , Mioso Roberto 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpirulina is a blue‐green alga (cyanobacteria) with high nutritive value. This work provides an innovative and original approach to the consideration of a bioorganic chemistry practice, using Spirulina for the separation of phytochemicals with nutraceutical characteristics via thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) plates. The aim is to bring together current research, theory, and practice, and always in accordance with pedagogical ideas. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):366–369, 2015.
Idiopathic hyperzincemia with associated copper deficiency anemia: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Merza Hussein , Sood Neha , Sood Raman 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessagePrompt serum copper and zinc in addition to vitamin B12 levels should be measured in patients suffering from refractory anemia with neurological symptoms. A timely copper supplementation can help revert the hematological and possibly the neurological manifestations.
Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia during magnesium infusion therapy in a pre‐eclamptic patient
Authors: Hudali Tamer , Takkar Chandandeep 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of prominent hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia attributed to magnesium infusion in a preeclamptic patient. Iatrogenic hypermagnesemia is an underrecognized cause of hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Our report illustrates the effects of magnesium therapy on serum calcium and potassium, necessitating close electrolytes monitoring when used.
Heterogeneous Chemoenzymatic Catalyst Combinations for One‐Pot Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Applications
Authors: Långvik Otto , Saloranta Tiina , Murzin Dmitry Yu. , Leino Reko 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeterogeneously catalyzed one‐pot reactions combining individual reaction steps into sequences enhance the efficiencies of overall chemical processes by reducing costs, time, and labor efforts. This minireview focuses on the production of chiral compounds by using dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and related sequential reactions, utilizing heterogeneous and immobilized metal catalysts and enzymes. Enzymes, especially lipases, often possess high chemical, stereo‐, and regiospecificities under mild reaction conditions. Supported transition‐metal catalysts are effective and widely used for various chemical transformations including racemization and hydrogenation reactions. This minireview discusses both the early and important applications, as well as modern state‐of‐the‐art processes, in which different catalyst combinations are utilized. Also catalyst compatibility issues, including catalyst inhibition and applicability are addressed with specific focus on the racemization catalysts applied in DKRs. Finally, some examples on the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts in flow reactors are presented.
Catalytic Biomass Gasification to Syngas Over Highly Dispersed Lanthanum‐Doped Nickel on SBA‐15
Authors: Oemar Usman , Kathiraser Yasotha , Ang Ming Li , Hidajat Kus , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCatalytic biomass gasification is an environmentally benign solution to energy problems. A series of Ni catalysts on mesoporous SBA‐15 are synthesized with various La2O3 loadings. The catalytic activity of unpromoted Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst indicates that it has a high carbon formation rate, resulting in fast deactivation. In contrast, addition of La2O3 to Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst helps to remove deposited carbon by formation of oxycarbonate, resulting in higher CO production. A 1 % La doping in the Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst is sufficient to achieve high activity and stability in biomass gasification with various raw materials and in the steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound. The combination of small metal particle size, high metal dispersion, high surface area of SBA‐15, the crucial role of La in carbon removal, and the novel synthesis method result in a highly active, stable, and effective 1 % La‐Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst for biomass gasification.
Identification of Active and Spectator Sn Sites in Sn‐β Following Solid‐State Stannation, and Consequences for Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Hammond Ceri , Padovan Daniele , Al‐Nayili Abbas , Wells Peter. P. , Gibson Emma K. , Dimitratos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLewis acidic zeolites are rapidly emerging liquid‐phase Lewis acid catalysts. Nevertheless, their inefficient synthesis procedure currently prohibits greater utilization and exploitation of these promising materials. Herein, we demonstrate that SnIV‐containing zeolite beta can readily be prepared both selectively and extremely rapidly by solid‐state incorporation (SSI) method. Through a combination of spectroscopic (XRD, UV/Vis, X‐ray absorption, magic‐angle spinning NMR, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) studies, we unambiguously demonstrate that site‐isolated, isomorphously substituted SnIV sites dominate the Sn population up to a loading of 5 wt % Sn. These sites are identical to those found in conventionally prepared Sn‐beta, and result in our SSI material exhibiting identical levels of intrinsic activity (that is, turnover frequency) despite the threefold increase in Sn loading, and the extremely rapid and benign nature of our preparation methodology. We also identify the presence of spectator sites, in the form of SnIV oligomers, at higher levels of Sn loading. The consequences of this mixed population with regards to catalysis (Meerwein–Pondorf–Verley reaction and glucose isomerization) are also identified.
Design of Artificial Metabolisms in Layered Nanomaterials for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Phosphorylated Sugars
Authors: Mahdi Rima , Guérard‐Hélaine Christine , Prévot Vanessa , de Berardinis Véronique , Forano Claude , Lemaire Marielle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBiohybrid nanoreactors operating in one‐pot cascade reactions were designed by co‐immobilization of enzymes in an inorganic layered matrix, namely, layered double hydroxides. These biohybrid systems were devoted to prepare dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and phosphorylated sugars through stereoselective C−C bond formation. In the first system, two kinases were exploited for the in situ generation of DHAP. Increasing the complexity, the second nano‐bioreactor combined up to four enzymes to lead to d‐fructose‐6‐phosphate from the aldol‐catalyzed addition of dihydroxyacetone to d‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate generated in situ from DHAP. The biohybrid catalyst showed the same reaction rate as that of the free enzymes and was reusable.
Strong Metal–Support Interactions for Palladium Supported on TiO2 Catalysts in Heterogeneous Hydrogenation with Parahydrogen
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Barskiy Danila A. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Burueva Dudari B. , Khudorozhkov Alexander K. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Gerasimov Evgeny Y. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 17/2015 is a collaboration between the International Tomography Center (Russia) and the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (Russia). The image shows that palladium catalysts supported on titania and reduced in H2 flow at 500 °C exhibit a SMSI (strong metal–support interaction) effect, which dramatically reduces the pairwise hydrogen addition activity. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500618.
High‐Performance Solid‐State Supercapacitors Based on V2O5/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Guo Chun Xian , Lu Xianmao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSolid‐state supercapacitors with high energy densities and excellent stabilities were developed by using V2O5/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. A facile printing method was employed to prepare electrodes on indium tin oxide glasses with various V2O5/CNT ratios. The fabricated electrodes offer hierarchically porous structures, which provide short diffusion routes for the electrolyte and conducting pathways for electron transport. Moreover, the electrode is stabilized by a gel electrolyte, which enhances cycling stability by preventing dissolution of V2O5. The resulting hierarchically porous V2O5/CNT composites deliver a high energy density (1.47 mWh cm−3) and power density (0.27 W cm−3) with LiCl/polyvinyl alcohol electrolyte in a two‐electrode configuration. Remarkably, the capacitance retention after 5000 cycles is more than 91 % at a charge–discharge current density of 5 A g−1.