bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical modeling of anisotropic domains: Ultrasonic imaging of laser-etched fractures in glass
Authors: Stewart Robert R. , Dyaur Nikolay , Omoboya Bode , de Figueiredo J. J. S. , Willis Mark , Sil Samik 
Published: December 2012

Many regions of subsurface interest are, or will be, fractured. Seismically characterizing these zones is a complicated but essential task for resource development. Physical modeling, using ultrasonic sources and receivers over scaled exploration targets, can play a useful role as an analog for reservoir imaging and assessment. We explored the anisotropic response of glass blocks containing internal fractures created by a novel laser-etching technique. We compared transmitted and reflected signals for P- and S-waves from fractured and unfractured zones in a suite of ultrasonic (1–5 MHz) experiments. The unaltered glass velocities have averages of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for P- and S-waves, respectively (giving [Formula: see text]). The unfractured glass has a very high quality (Q) factor of over 500 for P-waves and S-waves. The fractured zones have a small (up to 1.5%) velocity decrease. Signals propagating through the fractured zone have diminished amplitudes and increased coda signatures. Reflection surveys (zero-offset and with variable polarizations) record significant scatter from the fractured zones. The fracture-scattered energy can be migrated to provide a sharper image. The glass specimens with laser-etched fractures display a rich anisotropic response, which can help inform field-scale imaging.
3D inversion of marine CSEM and MT data: An approach to shallow-water problem
Authors: Sasaki Yutaka 
Published: December 2012

The application of the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) technique for shallow-water hydrocarbon exploration is challenged by the effect of an airwave that masks the response from the reservoir at depth. We applied Gauss–Newton-based 3D inversion method to synthetic CSEM and magnetotelluric (MT) data to demonstrate the capability of 3D inversion to recover thin resistive targets in shallow-water environments. The experiment on the model with water depth of 300 m shows that the target signals at 0.25 Hz are significant enough to resolve the reservoir at a burial depth of 1 km for the given noise level (6% of the electric-field amplitude). For the 100-m water depth case, the high-resistivity zone recovered is located much deeper and thicker than the true reservoir, suggesting that the airwave component obscures the target signal more seriously. However, inverting inline and broadside data together or adding inline data at a different frequency (0.1 Hz) is quite effective in improving the resolution to the thin resistive target and more so than simultaneously inverting inline CSEM and MT data.
Leptin may enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity in children and women born small for gestational age
Authors: Kistner Anna , Vanpée Mireille , Hall Kerstin 
Published: December 2012

Objective
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Lipodystrophy leads to early type 2 diabetes and leptin reverses the metabolic consequences of the disease. Low IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) can predict the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine leptin, insulin, and IGFBP1 in children and adult women born preterm or SGA to evaluate the role of leptin as a compensatory mechanism in insulin resistance development.

Methods
Seventy-six children (8.5–10 years, 41 girls and 35 boys) and 45 women (23–30 years) were studied. The children comprised subjects born appropriate for gestational age (<30 gestational weeks) (n=22), born SGA at term (n=23), and full-term normal-weight controls (n=31). Among the women, the corresponding figures were, n=10, n=18, and n=17 respectively. Fasting levels of IGFBP1, leptin, insulin, and IGF1 were determined and total adiponectin only in women.

Results
In girls and women, term SGA subjects had higher leptin levels in relation to BMI SDS (P=0.042 and P=0.03 respectively). More than half of IGFBP1 variability was explained by leptin and insulin in children. In term SGA women, IGFBP1 level was lower compared with controls (P=0.012) and the regression line of IGFBP1 on insulin was suppressed below −1 s.d. of a reference material.

Conclusion
Leptin levels were elevated in term SGA girls and women, in particular in adult women, but not found in preterm girls and women. IGFBP1 was lower in term SGA women. In children, leptin and insulin were strong suppressors of IGFBP1. We speculate that higher leptin levels could be a protective event to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Investigation of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms in relation to metabolic parameters in Addison's disease
Authors: Ross I L , Levitt N S , Van der Merwe L , Schatz D A , Johannsson G , Dandara C , Pillay T S , Blom D J 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundUncertainty exists whether glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) polymorphisms play a role in steroid-related side effects in Addison's disease (AD) patients on hydrocortisone. The polymorphismsBcll and N363S appear to increase sensitivity to cortisol, while the ER22/23EK polymorphism has been associated with resistance to cortisol.MethodOne hundred and forty seven AD patients, and gender, and ethnicity-matched controls were recruited in South Africa. Three polymorphisms in the GCR were studied, using PCR followed by restriction fragment length analysis. Associations with BMI, lipids, glucose and inflammatory markers were investigated.ResultsIn both patients and controls, theBcll polymorphism occurred more frequently in whites than in other ethnic groups studied but was not associated with any of the metabolic parameters tested. The ER22/23EK polymorphism was associated with an increased BMI in both patients (29.4 vs 24.7 kg/m2) and control subjects (26.3 vs 24.2 kg/m2). The ER22/23EK polymorphism was also associated with lower LDL cholesterol in control subjects (3.46 vs 3.93 mmol/l) and in patients (3.52 vs 4.10 mmol/l). N363S was associated with increased BMI in controls 29.9 kg/m2vs wild type 24.8 kg/m2. Median hydrocortisone doses were greater in patients heterozygous for either ER22/23EK 30.0 mg or N363S 25.0 mg polymorphisms than in wild type patients 20.0 mg (both comparisons).ConclusionAlterations in lipids, BMI and hydrocortisone dose were associated with two polymorphisms. Further larger studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.
Palate Lengthening by Buccinator Myomucosal Flaps for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Hens G. , Sell D. , Pinkstone M. , Birch M.J. , Hay N. , Sommerlad B.C. , Kangesu L. 
Published: December 2012

Objective To assess the outcome of palate lengthening by myomucosal buccinator flaps for velopharyngeal insufficiency both in terms of speech and changes in palate length. Design Thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent the buccinator flap procedure were reviewed retrospectively. Palate length and the presence or absence of a velopharyngeal gap were assessed on pre- and postoperative videofluoroscopic recordings using a calibrated image analysis system. Hypernasality, nasal emission, nasal turbulence, and passive cleft type articulation errors were evaluated blindly by a speech-language pathologist external to the team using pre- and postoperative speech recordings. Setting Multidisciplinary cleft team based in a tertiary referral center. Results In 81% of patients, speech outcome was such that no further velopharyngeal surgery was considered necessary at the time of follow-up. The buccinator flap procedure resulted in a mean palate lengthening of 7.5 mm (±5.5 SD). After the operation, there was a complete elimination of the velopharyngeal gap on lateral videofluoroscopy in 77% of patients. There were significant decreases in hypernasality ratings and passive cleft type articulation errors postoperatively. Conclusion Palatal lengthening with myomucosal buccinator flaps in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency is effective and safe. It has become one of our routinely practiced procedures for velopharyngeal insufficiency.
The Frequency of Peri‐Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H.M. , Faggion Clovis Mariano , Duncan Warwick J. 
Published: December 2012

Background: The peri‐implant diseases, namely peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the true magnitude of the problem, owing mainly to the lack of consistent and definite diagnostic criteria used to describe the condition. The objective of the present review is to systematically estimate the overall frequency of peri‐implant diseases in general and high‐risk patients.Methods: The systematic review is prepared according to the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Studies were searched in four electronic databases, complemented by manual searching. The quality of the studies was assessed according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, and the data were analyzed using statistical software.Results: Of 504 studies identified, nine studies with 1,497 participants and 6,283 implants were included. The summary estimates for the frequency of peri‐implant mucositis were 63.4% of participants and 30.7% of implants, and those of peri‐implantitis were 18.8% of participants and 9.6% of implants. A higher frequency of occurrence of peri‐implant diseases was recorded for smokers, with a summary estimate of 36.3%. Supportive periodontal therapy seemed to reduce the rate of occurrence of peri‐implant diseases.Conclusions: Peri‐implant diseases are not uncommon following implant therapy. Long‐term maintenance care for high‐risk groups is essential to reduce the risk of peri‐implantitis. Informed consent for patients receiving implant treatment must include the need for such maintenance therapy.
Public Health, Academic Medicine, and the Alcohol Industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Robaina Katherine 
Published: December 2012

We explored the emerging relationships among the alcohol industry, academic medicine, and the public health community in the context of public health theory dealing with corporate social responsibility. We reviewed sponsorship of scientific research, efforts to influence public perceptions of research, dissemination of scientific information, and industry-funded policy initiatives.To the extent that the scientific evidence supports the reduction of alcohol consumption through regulatory and legal measures, the academic community has come into increasing conflict with the views of the alcohol industry.We concluded that the alcohol industry has intensified its scientific and policy-related activities under the general framework of corporate social responsibility initiatives, most of which can be described as instrumental to the industry’s economic interests.
The Social Legacy of AIDS: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda
Authors: Snow Rachel C. , Mutumba Massy , Resnicow Kenneth , Mugyenyi Godfrey 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda. Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, household structure, educational attainment, and household income. Results. Among married women, HIV-positive status was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of desiring more children (27.7% vs 56.4% of HIV-negative women; χ2 = 39.97; P < .001). The difference remained highly significant net of age, parity, son parity, foster children, education, or household income. HIV-positive women were more likely to be poor, unmarried, single heads of household, in second marriages (if married), living with an HIV-positive spouse, and supporting foster children. Conclusions. We found a strong association between positive HIV status and lower fertility aspirations among married women in Uganda, irrespective of ART status. Although the increasing availability of ART is a tremendous public health achievement, women affected by HIV have numerous continuing social needs.
Over-the-Counter and Out-of-Control: Legal Strategies to Protect Youths From Abusing Products for Weight Control
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Taylor Lisa M. , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: December 2012

Abuse of widely available, over-the-counter drugs and supplements such as laxatives and diet pills for weight control by youths is well documented in the epidemiological literature. Many such products are not medically recommended for healthy weight control or are especially susceptible to abuse, and their misuse can result in serious health consequences.We analyzed the government’s role in regulating these products to protect public health. We examined federal and state regulatory authority, and referred to international examples to inform our analysis. Several legal interventions are indicated to protect youths, including increased warnings and restrictions on access through behind-the-counter placement or age verification.We suggest future directions for governments internationally to address this pervasive public health problem.
Marital Status, Duration of Cohabitation, and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Childbearing Women: A Canadian Nationwide Survey
Authors: Urquia Marcelo L. , O’Campo Patricia J. , Ray Joel G. 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We examined the joint associations of marital status and duration of cohabitation on self-reported intimate partner violence, substance use, and postpartum depression among childbearing women. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2006–2007 Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional nationwide sample of 6421 childbearing women. Cohabiting women were married or nonmarried women living with a partner; noncohabiters were single, divorced, or separated women. We further categorized cohabiters by their duration of cohabitation (≤ 2, 3–5, or > 5 years). We used logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results. About 92% of women were cohabiters. Compared with married women living with a husband more than 5 years, unmarried women cohabiting for 2 years or less were at higher odds of intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85, 7.56), substance use (AOR = 5.36; 95% CI = 3.06, 9.39), and postpartum depression (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.80); these risk estimates declined with duration of cohabitation. Conclusions. Research on maternal and child health would benefit from distinguishing between married and unmarried cohabiting women, and their duration of cohabitation.
The Ciclovia and Cicloruta Programs: Promising Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Social Capital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Torres Andrea , Sarmiento Olga L. , Stauber Christine , Zarama Roberto 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We compared participants from the Ciclovia (streets temporarily closed to motorized vehicles and open for pedestrians) and Cicloruta (bicycle paths) programs in Bogotá, Colombia, to assess associations of program participation with physical activity, safety, social capital, and equity. Methods. We conducted 2 cross-sectional studies in October 2009 with intercept surveys: one among 1000 Ciclovia participants and the other among 1000 Cicloruta participants. Results. Most Ciclovia participants met the physical activity recommendation in leisure time (59.5%), and most Cicloruta participants met it by cycling for transportation (70.5%). Ciclovia participants reported a higher perception of safety (51.2% regarding traffic and 42.4% about crime) and social capital (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.4, 2.8) than did Cicloruta users. Most Cicloruta users reported living in low socioeconomic status categories (53.1%), had lower educational attainment (27%), and did not own cars (82.9%). Most Ciclovia participants reported living in middle socioeconomic status categories (64%), had low-to-middle educational attainment (51.1%), and did not own cars (66.1%). Conclusions. The Ciclovia and Cicloruta programs have the potential to equitably promote physical activity and provide a mobility alternative in complex urban settings such as Bogotá.
Eating Disorder Symptoms and Obesity at the Intersections of Gender, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation in US High School Students
Authors: Austin S. Bryn , Nelson Lauren A. , Birkett Michelle A. , Calzo Jerel P. , Everett Bethany 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We examined purging for weight control, diet pill use, and obesity across sexual orientation identity and ethnicity groups. Methods. Anonymous survey data were analyzed from 24 591 high school students of diverse ethnicities in the federal Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System Survey in 2005 and 2007. Self-reported data were gathered on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation identity, height, weight, and purging and diet pill use in the past 30 days. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds of purging, diet pill use, and obesity associated with sexual orientation identity in gender-stratified models and examined for the presence of interactions between ethnicity and sexual orientation. Results. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identity was associated with substantially elevated odds of purging and diet pill use in both girls and boys (odds ratios [OR] range =  1.9–6.8). Bisexual girls and boys were also at elevated odds of obesity compared to same-gender heterosexuals (OR = 2.3 and 2.1, respectively). Conclusions. Interventions to reduce eating disorders and obesity that are appropriate for LGB youths of diverse ethnicities are urgently needed.
Isolated Dorsal Dislocation of the Lunate
Authors: Siddiqui NA , Sarkar SP 
Published: December 2012

Lunate dislocations are well described in the volar direction as part of the perilunate dislocation, sometimes together with fractures of the other carpal bones or distal radius, as described by the anatomical studies of Mayfield [1]. It is a result of disruption of the complex inter-carpal and radiocarpal ligaments that hold the well conforming carpus in their normal position. Given the strength of these structures a significant trauma is required to cause them to fail.However, we present a case of a patient who not only presented with relatively trivial trauma that resulted in a lunate dislocation, but it was also in the dorsal direction and not associated with any fracture or neurological compromise. In addition, she presented several days after her injury.We treated her with closed manipulation and percutaneous K-wire fixation followed by a short period of immobilisation in a Plaster-of-Paris cast, with rapid return to full duties at work.As many volar lunate dislocations may be missed at presentation, we suggest that in patients with relatively trivial trauma there should also be a suspicion of the lunate dislocating dorsally, which may be treated successfully without the aggressive open surgery usually required in volar perilunate dislocations.
Normes : un outil cache de la stratégie économique chinoise
Authors: Peyrat Olivier 
Published: December 2012

Résumé La Chine a une stratégie d’influence dans l’élaboration des normes internationales pour combler le décalage entre le rang économique de la Chine et ses responsabilités dans les comités de l’ISO. Quelles stratégies sont ouvertes aux acteurs occidentaux ?
Les sources bergsonienne et kantienne de la theorie du concept de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Cherniavsky Axel 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Gilles Deleuze définit la philosophie comme création de concepts . S’agit-il d’une définition originale ? La fonction du concept consiste à « donner une consistance au virtuel ». Qu’est-ce que cela signifie ? On montre que c’est à partir de la distinction bergsonienne entre la matière et l’esprit qu’il faut comprendre la distinction entre l’actuel et le virtuel, et que c’est à partir de la philosophie critique qu’il faut comprendre l’expression « donner de la consistance ». Le repérage de ces deux sources et des déplacements que Deleuze opère permet de préciser en partie l’originalité de sa définition de la philosophie. L’examen de la façon dont le concept de concept est lui-même construit permet aussi de mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la création philosophique
Preparation, dielectric and a.c. conductivity studies on chemically treated sisal powder filled polyvinyl alcohol biocomposites
Authors: Nigrawal Archana , Chand Navin 
Published: December 2012

In this paper, development and electrical characterization of sisal powder filled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites is reported. Dielectric measurements were conducted on these composites on a LCR meter in the temperature range from 30 to 150°C and in the frequency range 1 kHz - 10 kHz. The effects of temperature and frequency variation on dielectric constant (ε’), dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and on a. c. conductivity (σa.c.) were determined. On increasing the filler content, dielectric constant increased, it was mainly due to motion of the dipolar groups of the interfacial polarization occurring in the composites. The conductivity increased with rise in temperature.Keywords: PVA, Electrical Properties, Dielectric Properties, Electrical Conductivity
A modified principal component analysis-based utility theory approach for optimization of correlated responses of EDM process
Authors: Chakravorty Rina , Gauri Susanta Kumar , Chakraborty Shankar 
Published: December 2012

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most extensively used non-traditional machining processes having multiple performance characteristics, some of which are usually correlated. So, ideally, use of principal component analysis (PCA)-based approaches that take into account the possible correlations between the responses are suitable for optimization of EDM process. A recently reported study reveals that PCA-based proportion of quality loss reduction (PQLR) method results in the best optimization performance among the four considered PCA-based approaches for EDM process. This paper presents a modified PCA-based utility theory (UT) approach for optimization of correlated responses. The reported experimental data on EDM processes in literature are analyzed using the modified PCA-based UT approach and PCA-based PQLR method. Comparison of the predicted performance measures at the optimal process conditions derived based on these two PCA-based approaches reveal that the modified PCA-based UT approach leads to better overall optimization performance. So, it can be the most promising approach for optimizing EDM processes.Keywords: EDM; Correlated responses; Optimization; Principal component analysis; Proportion of quality loss reduction; Utility theory.