bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p42.3 gene expression in gastric cancer cell and its protein regulatory network analysis
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Lu Chunlei , Shang Zhigang , Xing Rui , Shi Li , Lv Youyong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
To analyze the p42.3 gene expression in gastric cancer (GC) cell, find the relationship between protein structure and function, establish the regulatory network of p42.3 protein molecule and then to obtain the optimal regulatory pathway.

Methods
The expression of p42.3 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western Blot and other biotechnologies. The relationship between the spatial conformation of p42.3 protein molecule and its function was analyzed using bioinformatics, MATLAB and related knowledge about protein structure and function. Furthermore, based on similarity algorithm of spatial layered spherical coordinate, we compared p42.3 molecule with several similar structured proteins which are known for the function, screened the characteristic nodes related to tumorigenesis and development, and established the multi variable relational model between p42.3 protein expression, cell cycle regulation and biological characteristics in the level of molecular regulatory networks. Finally, the optimal regulatory network was found by using Bayesian network.

Results
(1) The expression amount of p42.3 in G1 and M phase was higher than that in S and G2 phase; (2) The space coordinate systems of different structural domains of p42.3 protein were established in Matlab7.0 software; (3) The optimal pathway of p42.3 gene in protein regulatory network in gastric cancer is Ras protein, Raf-1 protein, MEK, MAPK kinase, MAPK, tubulin, spindle protein, centromere protein and tumor.

Conclusion
It is of vital significance for mechanism research to find out the action pathway of p42.3 in protein regulatory network, since p42.3 protein plays an important role in the generation and development of GC.
Chromosome mapping of repetitive sequences in Anostomidae species: implications for genomic and sex chromosome evolution
Authors: da Silva Edson Lourenço , de Borba Rafael Splendore , Parise-Maltempi Patrícia Pasquali 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Members of the Anostomidae family provide an interesting model system for the study of the influence of repetitive elements on genome composition, mainly because they possess numerous heterochromatic segments and a peculiar system of female heterogamety that is restricted to a few species of the Leporinus genus. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify important new repetitive DNA elements in Anostomidae through restriction enzyme digestion, followed by cloning, characterisation and chromosome mapping of this fragment. To identify repetitive elements in other Leporinus species and expand on studies of repetitive elements in Anostomidae, hybridisation experiments were also performed using previously described probes of LeSpe I repetitive elements.

Results
The 628-base pair (bp) LeSpe II fragment was hybridised to metaphase cells of L. elongatus individuals as well as those of L. macrocephalus, L. obtusidens, L. striatus, L. lacustris, L. friderici, Schizodon borellii and S. isognathus. In L. elongatus, both male and female cells contained small clusters of LeSpe II repetitive elements dispersed on all of the chromosomes, with enrichment near most of the terminal portions of the chromosomes. In the female sex chromosomes of L. elongatus (Z2,Z2/W1W2), however, this repeated element was absent. In the remaining species, a dispersed pattern of hybridisation was observed on all chromosomes irrespective of whether or not they were sex chromosomes. The repetitive element LeSpe I produced positive hybridisations signals only in L. elongatus, L. macrocephalus and L. obtusidens, i.e., species with differentiated sex chromosomes. In the remaining species, the LeSpe I element did not produce hybridisation signals.

Conclusions
Results are discussed in terms of the effects of repetitive sequences on the differentiation of the Anostomidae genome, especially with respect to sex chromosome evolution. LeSpe II showed hybridisation patterns typical of Long Interspersed Elements (LINEs). The differential distribution of this element may be linked to sex chromosome differentiation in L. elongatus species. The relationship between sex chromosome specificity and the LeSpe I element is confirmed in the species L. elongatus, L. macrocephalus and L. obtusidens.
Protein expression in the midgut of sugar-fed Aedes albopictus females
Authors: Saboia-Vahia Leonardo , Borges-Veloso Andre , Cuervo Patricia , Junqueira Magno , Mesquita-Rodrigues Camila , Britto Constanca , Domont Gilberto Barbosa , De Jesus Jose Batista 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background

Aedes albopictus is a vector for several fatal arboviruses in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The midgut of the mosquito is the first barrier that pathogens must overcome to establish infection and represents one of the main immunologically active sites of the insect. Nevertheless, little is known about the proteins involved in the defense against pathogens, and even in the processing of food, and the detoxification of metabolites. The identification of proteins exclusively expressed in the midgut is the first step in understanding the complex physiology of this tissue and can provide insight into the mechanisms of pathogen-vector interaction. However, identification of the locally expressed proteins presents a challenge because the Ae. albopictus genome has not been sequenced.

Methods
In this study, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was combined with liquid chromatography in line with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and data mining to identify the major proteins in the midgut of sugar-fed Ae. albopictus females.

Results
Fifty-six proteins were identified by sequence similarity to entries from the Ae. aegypti genome. In addition, two hypothetical proteins were experimentally confirmed. According to the gene ontology analysis, the identified proteins were classified into 16 clusters of biological processes. Use of the STRING database to investigate protein functional associations revealed five functional networks among the identified proteins, including a network for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, a group associated with ATP production and a network of proteins that interact during detoxification of toxic free radicals, among others. This analysis allowed the assignment of a potential role for proteins with unknown function based on their functional association with other characterized proteins.

Conclusion
Our findings represent the first proteome map of the Ae. albopictus midgut and denotes the first steps towards the description of a comprehensive proteome map of this vector. In addition, the data contributes to the functional annotation of Aedes spp. genomes using mass spectrometry-based proteomics data combined with complementary gene prediction methods.
The way in which a physiotherapy service is structured can improve patient outcome from a surgical intensive care: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hanekom Susan D , Louw Quinette , Coetzee Andre 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The physiological basis of physiotherapeutic interventions used in intensive care has been established. We must determine the optimal service approach that will result in improved patient outcome. The aim of this article is to report on the estimated effect of providing a physiotherapy service consisting of an exclusively allocated physiotherapist providing evidence-based/protocol care, compared with usual care on patient outcomes.

Methods
An exploratory, controlled, pragmatic, sequential-time-block clinical trial was conducted in the surgical unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa. Protocol care (3 weeks) and usual care (3 weeks) was provided consecutively for two 6-week intervention periods. Each intervention period was followed by a washout period. The physiotherapy care provided was based on the unit admission date. Data were analyzed with Statistica in consultation with a statistician. Where indicated, relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Significant differences between groups or across time are reported at the alpha level of 0.05. All reported P values are two-sided.

Results
Data of 193 admissions were analyzed. No difference was noted between the two patient groups at baseline. Patients admitted to the unit during protocol care were less likely to be intubated after unit admission (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.71; RRR, 0.84; NNT, 5.02; P = 0.005) or to fail an extubation (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.98; RRR, 0.77; NNT, 6.95; P = 0.04). The mean difference in the cumulative daily unit TISS-28 score during the two intervention periods was 1.99 (95% CI, 0.65 to 3.35) TISS-28 units (P = 0.04). Protocol-care patients were discharged from the hospital 4 days earlier than usual-care patients (P = 0.05). A tendency noted for more patients to reach independence in the transfers (P = 0.07) and mobility (P = 0.09) categories of the Barthel Index.

Conclusions
A physiotherapy service approach that includes an exclusively allocated physiotherapist providing evidence-based/protocol care that addresses pulmonary dysfunction and promotes early mobility improves patient outcome. This could be a more cost-effective service approach to care than is usual care. This information can now be considered by administrators in the management of scarce physiotherapy resources and by researchers in the planning of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Trial registration
PACTR201206000389290
Monitoring mitochondrial inner membrane potential for detecting early changes in viability of bacterium-infected human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Pietilä Mika , Lähteenmäki Kaarina , Lehtonen Siri , Leskelä Hannu-Ville , Närhi Marko , Lönnroth Maarit , Mättö Jaana , Lehenkari Petri , Nordström Katrina 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction
One of the most challenging safety issues in the manufacture of cell based medicinal products is the control of microbial risk as cell-based products cannot undergo terminal sterilization. Accordingly, sensitive and reliable methods for detection of microbial contamination are called for. As mitochondrial function has been shown to correlate with the viability and functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) we have studied the use of a mitochondrial inner membrane potential sensitive dye for detecting changes in the function of mitochondria following infection by bacteria.

Methods
The effect of bacterial contamination on the viability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was studied. BMMSC lines were infected with three different bacterial species, namely two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and three strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The changes in viability of the BMMSCs after bacterial infection were studied by staining with Trypan blue, by morphological analysis and by monitoring of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential.

Results
Microscopy and viability assessment by Trypan blue staining showed that even the lowest bacterial inocula caused total dissipation of BMMSCs within 24 hours of infection, similar to the effects seen with bacterial loads which were several magnitudes higher. The first significant signs of damage induced by the pathogens became evident after 6 hours of infection. Early changes in mitochondrial inner membrane potential of BMMSCs were evident after 4 hours of infection even though no visible changes in viability of the BMMSCs could be seen.

Conclusions
Even low levels of bacterial contamination can cause a significant change in the viability of BMMSCs. Moreover, monitoring the depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential may provide a rapid tool for early detection of cellular damage induced by microbial infection. Accordingly, mitochondrial analyses offer sensitive tools for quality control and monitoring of safety and efficacy of cellular therapy products.
14-3-3 proteins interact with neurofilament protein-L and regulate dynamic assembly of neurofilaments
Authors: Miao Linqing , Teng Junlin , Lin Jiqiang , Liao Xianzhi , Chen Jianguo 
Published: December 2012

Summary
Neurofilament protein-L (NF-L) is the core component of neurofilaments. Recent studies indicate that the NF-L mutations reported in human Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease lead to the formation of NF-L aggregates and result in axon degeneration of motor and sensory neurons, which are thought to be the cause of CMT disease type 2E. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly and the mechanism of aggregate formation of CMT NF-L mutants. We report that 14-3-3 proteins interact with NF-L in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Investigation of mutations of phospho-serine sites at the head domain of NF-L revealed that several phosphorylation sites, particularly Ser43 and Ser55, were important for 14-3-3 binding. 14-3-3 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in the dynamic exchange rate of NF-L subunits and induced striking disassembly of neurofilaments. CMT NF-L mutants, particularly those with mutations in the Pro8 and Pro22 sites of the NF-L head domain, led to substantially diminished interaction between 14-3-3 and NF-L, which resulted in the formation of NF-L aggregates and the disruption of the neurofilament co-assembly of NF-L and NF-M. However, aggregate formation in CMT NF-L mutants was downregulated by 14-3-3 overexpression. Taken together, these results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. Thus, the 14-3-3 proteins are a possible molecular target for CMT disease therapy.
Cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 and CDK2 mediates the anti-migratory and anti-proliferative effects of Nodal in human trophoblast cells
Authors: Nadeem Lubna , Brkic Jelena , Chen Yangchun Frank , Bui Tung , Munir Sadia , Peng Chun 
Published: December 2012

Summaryp27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, is a multi-functional protein that regulates various cellular activities. Trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion are some of the key processes of placental development. We have recently reported that Nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, inhibits human trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which Nodal regulates trophoblast activities. We found that Nodal increased p27 mRNA and protein levels by enhancing their stability. Interestingly, Nodal signaling also induced nuclear export of p27 and CDK2. Cytoplasmic translocation of p27 induced by Nodal requires p27 phosphorylation at S10. In addition, Nodal enhanced the association of p27 with CDK2, CDK5 and a microtubule-destabilizing protein, stathmin, and induced stathmin phosphorylation at S25 and S38. Furthermore, Nodal increased tubulin stability as revealed by immunofluorescent staining of acetylated tubulin. Finally, silencing of p27 reversed the inhibitory effect of Nodal on trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel function of simultaneous p27 and CDK2 cytoplasmic mislocalization in mediating growth-factor-regulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
On Hospice Operations Under Medicare Reimbursement Policies
Authors: Ata Barış , Killaly Bradley L. , Olsen Tava Lennon , Parker Rodney P. 
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the United States Medicare hospice reimbursement policy. The existing policy consists of a daily payment for each patient under care with a global cap of revenues accrued during the Medicare year, which increases with each newly admitted patient. We investigate the hospice's expected profit and provide reasons for a spate of recent provider bankruptcies related to the reimbursement policy; recommendations to alleviate these problems are given. We also analyze a hospice's incentives for patient management, finding several unintended consequences of the Medicare reimbursement policy. Specifically, a hospice may seek short-lived patients (such as cancer patients) over patients with longer expected lengths of stay. The effort with which hospices seek out, or recruit, such patients will vary during the year. Furthermore, the effort they apply to actively discharge a patient whose condition has stabilized may also depend on the time of year. These phenomena are unintended and undesirable but are a direct consequence of the Medicare reimbursement policy. We propose an alternative reimbursement policy to ameliorate these shortcomings. This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
EXHIBITION REVIEWS
Authors: Tedford Catherine , Conley Christine , Bieler Andrew 
Published: December 2012

7th BERLIN BIENNALE: FORGET FEAR Curated by Artur Żmijewski in collaboration with associate curator Joanna Warsza and the art collective Voina, presented at the KW Institute for Contemporary Art and other venues (27 April-1 July 2012), Berlin
PRETERNATURAL Curated by Celina
Jeffery, Canadian Museum of Nature (9 December 2011-4 March 2012), St. Brigid's Centre for the Arts (10 December 2011-17 February 2012), and Patrick Mikhail Gallery (4 January-7 February 2012), Ottawa
U-N-F-O-L-D: A CULTURAL RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE Curated by David Buckland and Chris
Wainwright, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Gallery, Parsons The New School for Design, New York (30 September-15 December 2011). An exhibition first shown at the University of Applied Arts, Vienna (18 May-8 June 2010) and traveling to seven locations, most recently at Liverpool John Moores
University, Liverpool (8 March-26 April 2012).
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Videkanic Bojana , Reeve Charles , Morgan-Feir Caoimhe , Roberts Cynthia , Weil Harry J. 
Published: December 2012

GENDER, SEXUALITY AND MUSEUMS: A ROUTLEDGE READER, AMY K. LEVIN (ED.) London and New York: Routledge (2010), 336 pp., ISBN: 0415554926, Paperback, $49.95
RE-PRESENTING DISABILITY: ACTIVISM AND AGENCY IN THE MUSEUM, RICHARD SANDELL, JOCELYN DODD AND ROSEMARIE GARLAND-THOMPSON
(EDS) London and New York: Routledge (2010), 284 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-415-49473-1, $42.95
THE STORY OF IRISH MUSEUMS 1790-2000: CULTURE, IDENTITY AND EDUCATION, MARIE BOURKE Cork: Cork University Press (2011), ISBN: 978-1-8591-8475-2, 594 pp., Hardcover, US$59.00
'CURATING
ARCHITECTURE', LOG, 20, CYNTHIA DAVIDSON (ED.) Fall (2010), 168 pp., ISSN: 1547-4690, $15.00
FRANKLIN FURNACE AND THE SPIRIT OF THE AVANT-GARDE: A HISTORY OF THE FUTURE, TONI SANT London: Intellect Books (2011), 184 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1841503714, £24.95
O vitae experientia dux. Die Rolle der Erfahrung im theoretischen und praktischen Weltbezug des frühen Humanismus und ihre Konsequenzen
Authors: Keßler Eckhard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The essay is divided into five sections: the first section gives a short overview of the history of “experience” – Greek empeiria, Latin experientia – which takes Aristotle’s theory of knowledge as its starting point. Within its theoretical framework, experience served as a crucial mediator between sensory perception and intellectual knowledge. In the philosophy of Late Antiquity and the High Middle Ages the category of experience then was reduced to marginal importance under neo-Platonic and Arabic influences. At the dusk of the Middle Ages, however, it was rehabilitated and turned into a rallying cry by those who attempted to overcome late medieval philosophy. The following section describes the revaluation of experience as the fountain of real knowledge under the auspices of Petrarchism, which ran contrary to the formalistic teachings of the Scholastics. The remaining sections first deal with the role of the humanist concept of experience in the field of moral philosophy (specifically regarding the teaching of history). Secondly, it shows how experience worked as an incentive for field research in natural history and medicine and how it precipitated a revival of ancient Aristotelian empiricism within natural philosophy, thereby paving the way for the modern empirical science of nature.
Intrikate Expertise. Die magische Pharmakognostik des Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn
Authors: Bulang Tobias 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn (1531–1596) was not only the personal physician of the elector of Brandenburg, but also a notorious alchemist, astrologist, pharmacist, and entrepreneur. As printer of his own works, he published a remarkable number of volumes on various subjects. Praised as a “miracle man” by some of his contemporaries, he was repeatedly accused of being a sorcerer, conjurer, and charlatan. This article focuses on his herbal book, printed in 1578. Taking into account the state of contemporary knowledge, this paper examines Thurneysser’s explanations of plant names, his interpretation of plant signatures and his magical approach to pharmacology. Scientifically, Thurneysser’s innovations in these fields have not stood the test of time. However, examined within the context of intellectual history, they can be interpreted as strategies for laying claim to a field of expertise, by a man whose reputation was at risk.
Inline-Partikelmessung an hochkonzentrierten Suspensionen
Authors: Wöckel Sebastian , Hempel Ulrike , Weser Robert , Wessely Benno , Auge Jörg 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ein methodisch neuer Ansatz zur Charakterisierung der Feststoffphase in Suspensionen mit Ultraschall wird vorgestellt. Gegenüber bekannten Transmissionsverfahren ermöglicht die Messung in Reflexion auch die Analyse höher konzentrierter Stoffsysteme. Mit der inline aus dem Schallsignal abgeleiteten Information zur Partikelkonzentration bietet sich eine verfahrenstechnische Alternative zu Partikelmesstechniken, die auf aufwändiger Offlineanalytik basieren.
Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Child Cognition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Basatemur Emre , Gardiner Julian , Williams Carrie , Melhuish Edward , Barnes Jacqueline , Sutcliffe Alastair 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and cognitive performance in children at 5 and 7 years of age.

METHODS:
This is a secondary analysis of data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective population based cohort of 19 517 children in the United Kingdom. Standardized cognitive assessments of children, involving components of the British Ability Scales, second edition and a number skills test, were performed at 5 and 7 years of age. Principal components analysis was used to identify a general cognitive ability factor (g) from individual test scores. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was retrospectively self-reported when children were 9 months old. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted, controlling for multiple socio-demographic factors, child’s birth weight, child’s BMI, maternal smoking, and maternal diabetes. Complete data were available for 11 025 children at 5 years, and 9882 children at 7 years.

RESULTS:
Maternal prepregnancy BMI was negatively associated with children’s cognitive performance (g) at age 5 (P = .0069) and age 7 (P &lt; .0001). The overall effect size was modest: a 10-point increase in maternal BMI was associated with a decrease in cognitive performance of ∼1/10th of an SD at age 7.

CONCLUSIONS:
Maternal prepregnancy BMI is negatively associated with children’s cognitive performance, even after adjusting for multiple socio-demographic confounders and children’s BMI. The relationship appears to become stronger as children get older, although the overall effect size is modest. In utero fetal programming or residual confounding may explain these findings.