bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of emergency resuscitative thoracotomy in the combat setting
Authors: Fisher Andrew David , April M D , Gurney J M , Shackelford S A , Luppens C , Schauer S G 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEmergency resuscitative thoracotomy (ERT) is a resource-intensive procedure that can deplete a combat surgical team’s supply and divert attention from casualties with more survivable injuries. An understanding of survival after ERT in the combat trauma population will inform surgical decision-making.MethodsWe requested all encounters from 2007 to 2023 from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR). We analysed any documented thoracotomy in the emergency department and excluded any case for which it was not possible to distinguish ERT from operating room thoracotomy. The primary outcome was 24-hour mortality.ResultsThere were 48 301 casualties within the original dataset. Of those, 154 (0.3%) received ERT, with 114 non-survivors and 40 survivors at 24 hours. There were 26 (17%) survivors at 30 days. The majority were performed in role 3. The US military made up the largest proportion among the non-survivors and survivors. Explosives predominated in both groups (61% and 65%). Median Composite Injury Severity Scores were lower among the non-survivors (19 vs 33). Non-survivors had a lower proportion of serious head injuries (13% vs 40%) and thorax injuries (32% vs 58%). Median RBC consumption was lower among non-survivors (10 units vs 19 units), as was plasma (6 vs 16) and platelets (0 vs 3). The most frequent interventions and surgical procedures were exploratory thoracotomy (n=140), chest thoracostomy (n=137), open cardiac massage (n=131) and closed cardiac massage (n=121).ConclusionERT in this group of combat casualties resulted in 26% survival at 24 hours. Although this proportion is higher than that reported in civilian data, more rigorous prospective studies would need to be conducted or improvement in the DoDTR data capture methods would need to be implemented to determine the utility of ERT in combat populations.
Successful management of pre-existing psoriatic arthritis through targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case series
Authors: Li Yuanteng Jeff , Msaouel Pavlos , Campbell Matthew , Hwu Patrick , Diab Adi , Kim Sang T. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved outcomes for patients with cancer. However, these therapies are associated with adverse events including de novo immune-related adverse events or flare of pre-exiting autoimmune disorders. Up to 80% of patients with cancer and pre-existing psoriasis (PsO) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) experience PsO/PsA flare after initiating ICIs. Targeting the interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 axis is a mainstream of the PsO/PsA treatment. However, whether this treatment can effectively control PsO/PsA with ICI exposure while preserving anti-tumour efficacy remains unknown.Case reportsWe report three patients with PsA and cancer, who received ICIs for their cancer treatment. All patients were male. Two patients had clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and one had melanoma. Two patients received anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy, while one patient received combined anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 antibody therapy. One patient had been receiving anti-IL-17A antibody (secukinumab), while the other two patients started anti-IL-17A antibody (ixekizumab) and anti-IL-23 antibody (guselkumab) after their PsA flared up during ICI treatment. Of note, with the anti-IL-17A or anti-IL-23 antibody treatment, their PsA remained in remission, and they well tolerated the ICI therapy. Importantly, all three patients showed persistent tumour responses to ICI therapy, including two complete remissions and one stable disease, respectively.ConclusionsThese three cases suggest that targeting the IL-17/23 axis may be an effective and safe approach for patients with cancer and pre-existing PsA being considered for ICI therapy.
Entropy and radiative heat transfer analysis in water-based nanofluid flow with Catteneo–Christov heat flux
Authors: Sharma K. , Jindal R. , Goyal V. , Vijay N. , Duraihem Faisal Z. 
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the thermal behavior of water-based nanofluid flow over a rotating surface, focusing on understanding the effects of different types of nanoparticles on thermal efficiency, considering Catteneo–Christov heat flux and variable viscosity effects. By considering four distinct nanoparticles — silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide — this study aims to provide insights into how nanoparticle addition influences heat production, thermal boundary layer thickness and overall thermal performance. The study employs computational methods by utilizing the BVP Midrich algorithm for the solution procedure. The computational approach allows for a detailed investigation of the thermal behavior of nanofluid flows across a rotating surface under varying conditions. The study concludes that adding nanoparticles in the base liquid increases heat production in the system, resulting in enhanced thermal boundary layer thickness. The comparative analysis shows that different nanoparticle types exhibit varying effects on thermal efficiency, suggesting that careful selection of nanoparticles can optimize heat transport and thermal management processes. Moreover, it seems there’s a noteworthy downfall in the thermal profile concerning the relaxation time parameter, whereas a converse trend is observed for Biot number.
A Drug Discovery Pipeline for MAPK/ERK Pathway Inhibitors in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gorgoń Szymon , Billing Ola , Eriksson Anna U. , Hemmingsson Oskar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Oncogenic signaling through the MAPK/ERK pathway drives tumor progression in many cancers. Although targeted MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitors improve survival in selected patients, most tumors are resistant. New drugs could be identified in small-animal models that, unlike in vitro models, can address oral uptake, compound bioavailability, and toxicity. This requires pharmacologic conformity between human and model MAPK/ERK pathways and available phenotypic assays. In this study, we test if the conserved MAPK/ERK pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans could serve as a model for pharmacological inhibition and develop in vivo pipelines for high-throughput compound screens. Using fluorescence-based image analysis of vulva development as a readout for MAPK/ERK activity, we obtained excellent assay Z-scores for the MEK inhibitors trametinib (Z = 0.95), mirdametinib (Z = 0.93), and AZD8330 (Z = 0.87), as well as the ERK inhibitor temuterkib (Z = 0.86). The throughput was 800 wells per hour, with an average seed density of 25.5 animals per well. Readouts included drug efficacy, toxicity, and pathway specificity, which was tested against pathway activating upstream (lin-15)- and downstream (lin-1) mutants. To validate the model in a high-throughput setting, we screened a blinded library of 433 anticancer compounds and identified four MEK inhibitors among seven positive hits. Our results highlight a high degree of pharmacological conformity between C. elegans and human MAPK/ERK pathways, and the presented high-throughput pipeline may discover and characterize novel inhibitors in vivo.

Significance:
Many tumors depend on MAPK/ERK signaling to sustain growth, avoid cell death, and metastasize. We show that specific and clinically relevant MAPK/ERK signaling inhibitors can be discovered in vivo with a high-throughput screening pipeline in small animals.
Auto digitization of aerial images to map generation from UAV feed
Authors: Kannan Raju Jagadeesh , Yadav Karunesh Pratap , Sreedevi Balasubramanian , Chelliah Jehan , Muthumarilakshmi Surulivelu , Jeyapriya Jeyaprakash , Murugan Subbiah 
Published: August 2024

<span lang="EN-US">Nowadays the rapid growth of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) bridges the space between worldly and airborne photogrammetry as well as allow flexible acquisition of great solution images. In the case of natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, and cyclones, their effects are most often felt in the micro-spaces and urban environments. Therefore, rescuers have to go around to get to the victims. This paper presents an auto digitization of aerial images to map generation from UAV feed at night time. In case of a power outage and an absence of alternative light sources, rescue operations are also slowed due to the darkness caused by the lack of electricity and the inability to light additional sources. In other words, to save lives, we need to know about all essential large-scale feature spaces in the dark so that we can use this information in times of disaster. The research proposed a soft framework for crisis mapping to aid in mapping the state of the aerial landscape in disaster-stricken areas, allowing strategic rescue operations to be more effectively planned.</span>
Enhancing Guidewire Efficacy for Transradial Access: The EAGER Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bland Adam C. , Meere William , Mikhail Philopatir , Chuah Eunice , Redwood Eleanor , Ferreira David , Howden Nicklas , Perkovic Adam , Saunders Samantha L. , Kelty Amy , Kull Tony , Hill Andrew , Spina Roberto , Sarathy Kiran , May Austin , Parkinson Michael , Ishak Mark , Collins Nicholas , Boyle Andrew , William Maged , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Ford Tom J. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The 1.5 mm Baby J hydrophilic narrow J-tipped wire is a development of the standard 0.035” 3-mm J-tipped peripheral guidewire, designed to improve efficiency of transradial coronary procedures by safely navigating small caliber radial arteries to the aorta. There is currently a lack of evidence comparing the procedural success and safety of different peripheral guidewires used in transradial cardiac procedures. We compared the efficacy and safety of a narrow J-tipped hydrophilic 0.035” wire (intervention, Radifocus Baby J guidewire; TERUMO Co, Tokyo, Japan) versus a standard fixed-core 0.035” J wire (control).

METHODS:
Investigator-initiated, blinded, Australian, multicenter randomized trial in patients undergoing clinically indicated coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomized 1:1 to use either the control guidewire or the intervention guidewire. The primary end point (technical success) was defined as gaining aortic root access with the randomized guidewire.

RESULTS:

In all, 330 patients were randomized between October 2022 and June 2023 (median age was 69 years, 36% were female, and body mass index was 29 kg/m
2
). The primary end point was achieved more frequently in the intervention group (96% versus 84%; absolute risk reduction 12% [95% CI, 5.7–18.3];
P
<0.001). Women assigned to the control wire experienced a higher failure rate compared with men (31% versus 8% in men;
P
<0.001). Fluoroscopy time was significantly lower in the Baby J group (median, 344 versus 491 seconds;
P
=0.024). The main mechanisms of failure using the control wire were radial artery spasm (15/26; 57%) and subclavian tortuosity (5/26; 19.2%). There were no differences in overall procedure times, major adverse cardiovascular events, or vascular complications between guidewires.

CONCLUSIONS:
A narrow 1.5 mm J-tipped hydrophilic guidewire resulted in greater technical success and reduced fluoroscopy time compared with the standard 3-mm J-tipped nonhydrophilic guidewire. The guidewire is safe and demonstrated key incremental benefits for the transradial approach, particularly in women.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12622001557729.
Open access in Ukraine: Characteristics and evolution from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Kaliuzhna Nataliia , Hauschke Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the development of open access (OA) to publications produced by authors affiliated with Ukrainian universities and research organizations in the period 2012–2021. To get a comprehensive overview we assembled data from three databases: Dimensions, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. Our final data set consisted of 186,000 unique records. To determine the OA status of each article, this study utilized Unpaywall data, which was obtained via API. It was determined that 71.5% of all considered articles during the observed period were openly available at the time of analysis. Notably, 60.9% of the OA papers were disseminated through national journals. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the rate of OA papers was highest in the Humanities, at 89.7%, with 74.8% of papers disseminated through national communication channels. The share of OA papers published in national journals surpassed OA papers in foreign journals across all research areas except Natural Sciences. Another noteworthy finding was that Gold OA emerged as the predominant type of OA over the 10-year period of analysis. We underscore the critical importance of ensuring the FAIRness of national scholarly communication infrastructure for monitoring OA uptake and state support of national publishers.
Variation in patient-sharing network characteristics of health care professionals treating different mental and substance use disorder patient sub-groups in primary care
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Hietapakka Laura , Gutvilig Mai , Niemi Ripsa , Komulainen Kaisla , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Väisänen Visa , Sinervo Timo , Hakulinen Christian 
Published: August 2024

Background: Providing efficient and targeted services for patients with mental health problems requires efficient collaboration and coordination within healthcare providers, but measuring collaboration using traditional methods is challenging. Aims: To explore the patient-sharing networks of professionals taking care of different groups of patients with mental or substance use disorders. Method: We used data that covered adult patients’ visits to the primary care service providers of seven municipalities in Finland during year 2021. Data included 8,217 patients (147,430 visits) with mental or substance use disorders who were treated by 1,566 health care professionals. We calculated descriptive network metrics to examine the connectivity of professionals in three different patient groups (patients with substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, and depressive disorders) and compared these characteristics to a network based on all patients. We also analyzed whether patient sharing was associated with the health care professionals’ attributes (occupational group, municipality) using Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM). Results: Diagnosis-specific networks were denser and more connected compared to the all-patients network. Nurses were the most central occupation in all the diagnosis-specific networks and especially in the substance use disorder patients network. When examining all patients, two professionals were more likely to share patients when they belonged to the same occupational group. However, in the network with depressive disorder patients we found the opposite: professionals were more likely to share patients if they were of different occupational groups. Conclusions: Patient-sharing networks within patients with a specific mental or substance use disorders are denser and more connected than networks based on all patients with mental or substance use disorders. In the substance use disorder patients network particularly, nurses were the most central occupation. Multi-professional connections were more likely in depressive disorder networks than in the all-patients network.
Reduction of peritoneal dialysis associated infections using a novel exit-site care practice
Authors: Soetendorp Hila , Grupper Ayelet , Hazan Eyal , Wasserman Asaf , Schwartz Doron , Kliuk-Ben Bassat Orit 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Peritoneal dialysis (PD) related infections are a significant obstacle leading to PD discontinuation. Since catheter related infections (CRI), defined as exit site infections and/or tunnel infection, can progress to peritonitis, vigorous efforts are implemented in CRI prevention. Following an increased CRI rate in our institution, partially related to environmental organisms found in water distribution systems, we hypothesized that exit site care that includes prevention of water exposure-related pathogens may reduce CRI. Methods In this prospective single center study, we compared a contemporary cohort consisting of PD patients who implemented the modified exit-site care protocol, mainly including water avoidance during shower with stoma bag usage and local Mupirocin ointment against a historical control group before the protocol implementation. The historical cohort was allowed water exposure and used local gentamicin ointment. The primary outcome was the development of a CRI. Secondary outcomes were PD associated peritonitis and infection related outcomes. Results There were 55 patients in contemporary cohort and 58 in historical group. The CRI rate was significantly lower in study group (0.11/episodes per patient year [EPP]) compared to control group (0.71 EPP), p < 0.001. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a protective effect of being in the contemporary cohort compared to historical group (HR for first CRI = 12.0 95%CI: 4.0–35.7, p < 0.001). Peritonitis rate was significantly lower in contemporary cohort (0.19/EPP) compared to the historical group (0.40/EPP), p = 0.011. Transfer to hemodialysis was significantly lower in contemporary cohort than historical group (7.3% vs 31.0% in contemporary and historical group respectively, HR = 0.2, 95%CI; 0.05–0.6, p = 0.001). Conclusion An exit site care protocol that includes water avoidance and local Mupirocin use reduced substantially both CRI and peritonitis rate in patients treated with PD.
Procalcitonin Does Not Differentiate Between Bacterial Infections Versus Disease Flare in Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis— A Diagnostic Accuracy Study Using Area-Under-Curve Analysis
Authors: Kanumuri Rajesh , Balan Suma , Marwaha Vishal , Krishnan Sajitha , Chickermane Pranav , Pradeep Manu 
Published: August 2024

Background: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin in differentiating an infectious aetiology versus disease flare in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Methods: This prospective diagnostic accuracy study included 52 consecutive hospitalisations of 25 children diagnosed with sJIA (International League of Associations for Rheumatology 2001) presenting with a fever to the rheumatology department of a quaternary care centre. We categorised children post-discharge as infectious versus sJIA flare, depending on the clinical course. A subset of sJIA flare developed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). We compared the area-under-curve (AUC) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the three biomarkers. Results: The median age of the children was 7 ± 7 years. We categorised 12 hospitalisations (23.1%) as infectious and 40 hospitalisations (76.9%) as sJIA flare. Thirteen hospitalisations (32.5%) with sJIA flare developed MAS. Neither procalcitonin (AUC = 0.584 ± 0.101, 95% CI: 0.387–0.782) nor CRP (AUC = 0.363 ± 0.096, 95% CI: 0.174–0.551) nor ferritin (AUC = 0.419 ± 0.093, 95% CI: 0.236–0.602) discriminated infectious aetiology from sJIA flare adequately. Both serum procalcitonin (AUC = 0.828, 95% CI: 0.694–0.961) and ferritin (AUC = 0.937, 95% CI: 0.862–1) demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy in ascertaining MAS in sJIA flares, compared to CRP (AUC = 0.709, 95% CI: 0.543–0.876). Conclusion: Procalcitonin can be elevated in children in sJIA flare with MAS, even without an infectious aetiology. Clinicians should continue to rely on clinical history and examinations to discern infectious versus non-infectious fevers in children with sJIA.
Deep Learning Prediction of Inflammatory Inducing Protein Coding mRNA in P. gingivalis Released Outer Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Yadalam Pradeep Kumar , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Saravanan Muthupandian , Meles Hadush Negash , Heboyan Artak 
Published: August 2024

Aim: The Insilco study uses deep learning algorithms to predict the protein-coding pg m RNA sequences. Material and methods: The NCBI GEO DATA SET GSE218606’s GEO R tool discovered P.G’s outer membrane vesicles’ most differentially expressed mRNA. Genemania analyzed differentially expressed gene networks. Transcriptomics data were collected and labeled on P. gingivalis protein-coding mRNA sequence and pseudogene, lincRNA, and bidirectional promoter lincRNA. Orange, a machine learning tool, analyzed and predicted data after preprocessing. Naïve Bayes, neural networks, and gradient descent partition data into training and testing sets, yielding accurate results. Cross-validation, model accuracy, and ROC curve were evaluated after model validation. Results: Three models, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes, and Gradient Boosting, were evaluated using metrics like Area Under the Curve (AUC), Classification Accuracy (CA), F1 Score, Precision, Recall, and Specificity. Gradient Boosting achieved a balanced performance (AUC: 0.72, CA: 0.41, F1: 0.32) compared to Neural Networks (AUC: 0.721, CA: 0.391, F1: 0.314) and Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.701, CA: 0.172, F1: 0.114). While statistical tests revealed no significant differences between the models, Gradient Boosting exhibited a more balanced precision-recall relationship. Conclusion: In silico analysis using machine learning techniques successfully predicted protein-coding mRNA sequences within Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs. Gradient Boosting outperformed other models (Neural Networks, Naive Bayes) by achieving a balanced performance across metrics like AUC, classification accuracy, and precision-recall, suggests its potential as a reliable tool for protein-coding mRNA prediction in P. gingivalis OMVs.
Understanding autistic youths’ menstrual product preferences and caregivers’ product choices
Authors: Lundy Keely M , Fischer Aaron J , Illapperuma-Wood Chathuri R , Schultz Brandon 
Published: August 2024

A growing body of evidence supports the applicability of reusable menstrual products for non-autistic menstruators; however, only a few studies have investigated menstrual product preferences for young autistic persons with a uterus. With recent research indicating greater menstrual challenges for autistic menstruators, this study aimed to (1) assess the impact of product features on caregivers’ decisions when purchasing menstrual products for their autistic children and (2) discern which menstrual product(s) young autistic menstruators prefer. The authors used a cross-sectional design, developed two MaxDiff surveys, recruited 99 caregiver and youth dyads, and analyzed survey results using hierarchical Bayesian estimation and latent class analysis. Caregivers chose sensory impact as most important when selecting a product for their autistic child, and youth preferred period underwear. Autistic youth and caregivers may consider study results when managing or preparing for menses to reduce anxiety and unnecessary costs. Clinical service providers and companies may utilize this information to better support menstruators’ comfort and confidence with their menstrual care. Lay abstract There is little research exploring the menstrual product preferences of autistic youth, especially those who recently started their period. Study authors surveyed caregivers’ choice of menstrual products for their autistic children. They provided popular menstrual materials to autistic youth to try, then asked them which product(s) they preferred, did not try, and why they did not try it. Caregivers selected sensory impact as the most important feature they consider when choosing a menstrual product for their child, and youth participants preferred to use period underwear. Therefore, autistic youth may benefit from purchasing and using period underwear, and caregivers, clinicians, and companies should consider the impact of menstrual product features, like sensory sensitivities, on young autistic menstruators and how best to support them.