bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinus Bradycardia and Sinus Pauses Immediately after Electrical Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation—What Do They Mean?
Authors: Poçi Dritan , Abrahamsson Britt‐Marie , Edvardsson Nils , Bergfeldt Lennart 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundTo determine the role of sinus bradyarrhythmia (SB) immediately after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) on the short‐term recurrence rate and long‐term pacemaker need and all‐cause mortality.MethodsSB defined as sinus bradycardia (sinus rate <40 bpm for ≥2 consecutive cycles) and/or sinus pauses (>2 s), were recorded during 5 minutes immediately after successful DC cardioversion in 140 consecutive patients with persistent AF.ResultsSB was observed during the first minute of SR in 31 patients (22%). Sinus bradycardia was present in 27 patients, sinus pauses in 16 (>3 s in 10) patients, and both in 12 patients. Compared to patients without SB, the mean heart rate during the first minute after cardioversion was lower, 57 ± 13 versus 63 ± 11 bpm; P < 0.05, while the mean heart rates during the subsequent 4 minutes were not statistically significantly different. The AF recurrence rates were not significantly different at 1 week (45% vs. 40%), or at 3 months (68% vs. 53%) in patients with or without SB. After a mean follow‐up of 86 ± 6 months the pacemaker implantation rate was 10% versus 11% (NS) and an all‐cause mortality of 26 versus 18% (NS).ConclusionsSB immediately after electrical cardioversion of persistent AF had no significant impact on the 3‐month AF recurrence rate, the long‐term need for pacemaker or all‐cause mortality.
Tpeak‐Tend Interval in 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram of Healthy Children and Adolescents Tpeak‐Tend Interval in Childhood
Authors: Bieganowska Katarzyna , Sawicka‐Parobczyk Małgorzata , Bieganowski Maciej , Piskorski Jarosław 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundTpeak (Tp) to the Tend (Te) interval is an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization. Prolongation of this interval predisposes to life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias in long QT syndrome, polymorphic catecholaminergic ventricular tachycardia, Brugada syndrome and short QT syndrome and may be an indicator of increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Very little is known about TpTe interval in children and adolescents.MethodsIn 131 healthy children (64 girls) aged from 2.3 to 18.5 years (mean 9.1 years) the RR, QT, JT and TpTe intervals were measured manually in all leads of resting electrocardiogram (ECG). The statistical analysis were performed.ResultsTpTe intervals vary significantly (P < 0.0001) between individual leads—the longest were in lead V3, the shortest ones in leads III and V1. Boys had longer TpTe intervals, with statistically significant differences in leads I, aVR and precordial V2–V6. Greater values were also observed in older children. TpTe dispersion varied from 6 to 80 ms (mean 38.6 ms ± 14.6 ms, median 40 ms) with no gender differences and greater values in older subjects (P = 0.003). In most leads, higher TpTe/QT and TpTe/JT ratios were seen in boys regardless of age. The TpTe intervals lengthens with lowering heart rate.ConclusionsIn healthy children and adolescents, TpTe intervals vary between individual leads of ECG, with the longest in lead V3. The TpTe interval is longer in boys and in older children and prolongs as heart rate decelerates. TpTe/QT and TpTe/JT ratios are higher in boys. TpTe interval should be measured in precordial leads.
Do LQTS Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Alter QTc Intervals at Rest and during Exercise Stress Testing?
Authors: Aziz Peter F. , Wieand Tammy S. , Ganley Jamie , Henderson Jacqueline , McBride Michael , Shah Maully J. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe impact of harboring, genetic variants or single nucleotide polymorphisms (LQT‐PM) on the repolarization response during exercise and recovery is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the QTc interval adaptation during exercise stress testing (EST) in children with LQT polymorphisms compared to a group of age and gender matched normal controls.MethodsOne hundred forty‐eight patients were age and gender matched into two groups: LQT‐PM and control. Each patient underwent a uniform exercise protocol employing a cycle ergometer followed by a 9 minute recovery phase with continuous 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Intervals (RR, QT and QTc) at rest (supine), peak exercise and in recovery (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes) were measured.ResultsForty‐three patients were positive for LQT‐PM and the control group consisted of 105 patients. A total of 83 SNPs were identified: SCN5A n = 31 (37%), KCNE1 n = 29 (35%), KCNH2 n = 20 (24%), KCNQ1 n = 2 (2%) and KCNE2 n = 1 (1%). The QTc interval measurements of the LQT‐PM were longer at rest, peak exercise and all phases of recovery when compared to the control group. Neither group demonstrated abnormal QTc interval adaptation in response to exercise. Patients with homozygous SNPs had longer resting QTc intervals when compared to patients with only heterozygous SNPs (435 ± 23 ms vs. 415 ± 20 ms, respectively, P value <0.006).ConclusionsIndividuals with LQT‐PM may have longer QTc intervals at rest as well as at peak exercise and all phases of the recovery period compared to normal controls. Additionally, subjects with homozygous SNPs had longer resting QTc intervals when compared to those with only heterozygous SNPs.
The Amplitude of Fibrillatory Waves on Leads aVF and V1 Predicting the Recurrence of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Underwent Catheter Ablation
Authors: Cheng Zhongwei , Deng Hua , Cheng Kang'an , Chen Taibo , Gao Peng , Yu Min , Fang Quan 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the amplitude of fibrillatory wave (F wave) on electrocardiography could predict the recurrence in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent catheter ablation.MethodsAll consecutive persistent AF patients who underwent catheter ablation at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between November 2006 and February 2012, were enrolled. The amplitude of F wave was measured on three orthogonal leads (leads I, V1 and aVF) on the Prucka CardioLab recording system. The primary end point was the recurrence after catheter ablation.ResultsA total of 54 persistent AF patients were enrolled. Fifty patients (age: 58 ± 11years, 72% male) constituted the study population after excluding four patients lost of follow‐up. The duration of AF was 9 ± 7 (2–18) months. Twenty‐four patients (48%) recurred during the follow‐up of 25 ± 19 months, constituted recurrence group. The remaining 26 patients constituted control group. The F‐wave amplitude in recurrence group was significantly lower than control group (lead aVF, 0.085 ± 0.018 vs. 0.111 ± 0.036mV, P = 0.002; lead V1, 0.116 ± 0.031 vs. 0.148 ± 0.047mV, P = 0.008). The amplitudes of leads aVF (P = 0.023) and V1 (P = 0.031) were the independent predictors of AF recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of F‐wave amplitude of lead aVF < 0.093mV or V1 < 0.123mV to predict the recurrence were 75% and 73%, 68% and 64%, respectively.ConclusionThe low amplitudes of F wave in leads aVF and V1 could predict the recurrence of patients with persistent AF who underwent catheter ablation.
Dangerous prey and daring predators: a review
Authors: Mukherjee Shomen , Heithaus Michael R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTHow foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk‐taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists.
With a little help from my assistant: buffering the negative effects of emotional dissonance on dentist performance
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sánchez Alma M. , Hakanen Jari J. , Perhoniemi Riku , Salanova Marisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we hypothesized that dentist' interpersonal resources (good cooperation with one's assistant) together with their personal resources (optimism) buffer the negative effects of emotional dissonance (a demand that occurs when there is a difference between felt and displayed emotions) on job performance (in‐role and extra‐role performance) over time.MethodWe carried out Hierarchical Regression Modeling on a sample of 1954 Finnish dentists who participated in a two‐wave 4‐year longitudinal study.ResultsResults showed that good cooperation with dental assistants buffered the negative effects of emotional dissonance on both in‐role and extra‐role performance among the dentists in the long term. However, unexpectedly, dentists' high optimism did not buffer their in‐role nor extra‐role performance over time under conditions of experiencing high emotional dissonance.ConclusionsWe conclude that interpersonal job resources such as good cooperation with one's colleagues may buffer the negative effect of emotional dissonance on dentists' job performance even in the long term, whereas the role of personal resources (e.g., optimism) may be less important for maintaining high job performance under conditions of emotional dissonance. The study novelties include the test of the negative effects of emotional dissonance on long‐term performance in dentistry and the identification of the job rather than personal resources as the buffers against the negative effects of emotional dissonance on long‐term performance.
Incidence and predictors of glaucoma following surgery for congenital cataract in the first year of life in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Ruddle Jonathan B , Staffieri Sandra E , Crowston Jonathan G , Sherwin Justin C , Mackey David A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence and predictors of glaucoma following surgery for congenital and infantile cataract in an Australian population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsInfants (<12 months) having had lens extraction between January 1992 and May 2006, from two tertiary referral centres.MethodsChildren with uveitis, anterior segment dysgenesis, aniridia, retinopathy of prematurity, and lens subluxation were excluded. Potential predictors of incident glaucoma were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for clustering between eyes.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence and predictors of secondary glaucoma.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐seven eyes of 101 patients (46 bilateral cataract; 55 unilateral cataract) were included, with median follow‐up of 9.9 years (range 1.2–18.9 years). Cumulative incidence of glaucoma was 32.0% for eyes (n = 47) and 30.7% (n = 31) for subjects. Incidence was higher in children with bilateral cataract (38.9 vs. 17.1%, p = 0.004). There were 3.9 cases of glaucoma per 100 person years of follow‐up, the incidence rate being highest for surgery performed in the first month of life. Children with glaucoma had longer median follow‐up (11.8 vs. 9.3 years, p = 0.005). Risk of glaucoma decreased with increasing months of age at operation: hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.91, p = 0.001. Median visual acuity was worse in children with unilateral cataract (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe identified an increased risk of glaucoma when cataract surgery was performed in younger infants, and in those with bilateral cataract. As glaucoma may develop over a decade following lens extraction, life‐long surveillance is needed to prevent glaucoma‐associated vision loss.
Wnt11 expression in rat dental pulp and promotional effects of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation
Authors: Koizumi Yu , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Mioko , Takimoto Koyo , Zhou Mengyu , Suzuki Noriyuki , Saito Masahiro , Harada Hidemitsu , Suda Hideaki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCongenital anomalies of wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnt) are frequently accompanied with tooth and dentin abnormality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (MDPs). Mouse dental papilla cells were cultured in α‐modified minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Odontoblast differentiation was induced by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), and the expression of odontoblast‐specific markers and Wnt‐related signaling molecules was analyzed by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Odontoblast differentiation was evaluated by dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and dentin matrix protein (DMP) 1 expression. Localization of β‐catenin in MDPs was detected by immunocytochemistry using an anti‐β‐catenin antibody. Dspp expression in MDPs was upregulated in the presence of BMP2. Wnt5a, Wnt11, Lef1 and Tcf4 expression was upregulated in BMP2‐treated MDPs. Wnt11 expression was detected in rat dental pulp in vivo, and particularly strong expression of Wnt11 was detected in odontoblasts. Enhanced Dspp and DMP1 expression and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP2 were completely negated by the Wnt antagonist: IWR‐1‐endo treatment. Nuclear translocation of β‐catenin observed in BMP2‐treated MDPs was also negated by IWR‐1‐endo treatment. These results indicate that Wnt signaling upregulates odontoblast marker expression in MDPs, suggesting a promoting effect of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation.
OHRQoL, masticatory performance and crestal bone loss with single‐implant, magnet‐retained mandibular overdentures with conventional and shortened dental arch
Authors: Grover Manita , Vaidyanathan Anand Kumar , Veeravalli Padmanabhan Thallam 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the use of single implant–supported, magnet‐retained mandibular overdentures to improve the oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) and masticatory performance of patients wearing conventional complete dentures. The study also aimed at comparing the OHRQoL, masticatory performance, and crestal bone loss with two different types of overdenture prosthesis.Materials and methodsTen completely edentulous patients with atrophic mandibular residual alveolar ridges and having difficulty coping with technically adequate mandibular dentures were selected for implant‐supported overdentures (ISOD). To assess the success of the implant fixture clinically, a crossover study design was followed, and the patients were divided into two groups. Group A received ISOD with conventional complete dental arch, and group B received ISOD with a shortened dental arch for the first 3 months and vice versa for the next 3 months. The OHRQoL was measured with the OHIP‐49 questionnaire, and masticatory performance was assessed with the sieve method using peanuts as test food. Peri‐apical radiographs were taken to evaluate the crestal bone loss.ResultsA significant improvement was seen both subjectively and objectively when conventional complete dentures were modified to implant‐supported prosthesis. When comparing the implant overdenture prosthesis, patients were more satisfied with conventional arch than with the shortened dental arch. In the first 3 months following implant placement, less bone loss was seen with the shortened dental arch overdenture (P < 0.05).ConclusionSingle implant–supported, magnet‐retained mandibular overdentures significantly improve the OHRQoL of completely edentulous patients.
Additive effects of non‐invasive ventilation to hyperoxia on cerebral oxygenation in COPD patients with exercise‐related O2 desaturation
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel K. , Oliveira Mayron F. , Soares Aline , Treptow Erika , Neder J Alberto 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundIt is currently unknown whether potential haemodynamic improvements induced by non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) would positively impact upon cerebral oxygenation (COx) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of NIV on exercise COx in COPD patients presenting with exercise‐related O2 desaturation.MethodsOn a double‐blind trial, 13 males (FEV1 = 48·8 ± 15·1% predicted) were randomly assigned to NIV (16 cmH2O IPS and 5 cmH2O PEEP) plus HOx (FiO2 = 0·4) or sham NIV (7 cmH2O IPS and 5 cmH2O PEEP to overcome breathing circuit resistance) plus HOx during ramp‐incremental exercise performed on different days. Near‐infrared spectroscopy and impedance cardiography assessed changes (Δ) in COx and cardiac output (QT), respectively.ResultsThere were no significant between‐intervention differences in peak work rate, ventilation and reported symptoms (P>0·05). Peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation remained above 98% throughout the tests. NIV + HOx was associated with larger increases in Δ COx, Δ QT and Δ stroke volume at maximal and submaximal exercise (P<0·05). Increases in the area under the curve (to an iso‐work rate) of Δ COx under NIV + HOx were significantly (P<0·01) correlated with improvements in Δ QT (r = 0·82) and Δ stroke volume (r = 0·87). There was, however, no significant correlation between enhancement in these physiological responses with changes in peak work rate with NIV + HOx (P>0·05).ConclusionsNIV added benefit to HOx in improving central haemodynamics and COx in O2 ‘desaturators’ with COPD. The clinical relevance of such beneficial effects on exercise tolerance, however, remains to be demonstrated.
Hartmann Stahelin (1925–2011) and the contested history of cyclosporin A
Authors: Cheng Myra 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aims of this study are twofold: (i) to pay tribute to Hartmann Stahelin for his scientific research on cyclosporin A; and (ii) to consider possible lessons for future pharmacological innovation by revisiting Stahelin's personal struggles to obtain fair recognition for his contribution to transplantation medicine.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of image cytometric DNA ploidy measurement in cytological samples of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Demirel D. , Akyürek N. , Ramzy I. 
Published: January 2013

D. Demirel, N. Akyürek and I. Ramzy  Diagnostic and prognostic significance of image cytometric DNA ploidy measurement in cytological samples of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesionsObjective:  To study the DNA ploidy pattern of uterine cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and its diagnostic and prognostic significance.Methods:  The study included 31 cases of SIL: 11 low‐grade (LSIL) and 20 high‐grade (HSIL). Feulgen–pararosaniline staining was performed on previously Papanicolaou‐stained smears and a DNA image cytometric study was performed. An internal reference was used to calibrate the samples.Results:  All 31 cases of SIL, either LSIL or HSIL, were non‐diploid. Of the 11 cases of LSIL, four were tetraploid and seven were aneuploid, whereas, of the 20 cases of HSIL, four were tetraploid and 16 were aneuploid. Stemline aneuploidy was not a significant discriminator between LSIL and HSIL (P = 0.32). Based on single‐cell analysis, HSIL cases had significantly higher DNA content than LSIL cases (P < 0.01). When a mean of 30% or more was used for the 6c‐exceeding event (6cEE) value, the sensitivity and specificity to indicate HSIL were 83% and 64%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 81% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 65%. All HSIL cases were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) on biopsy. In addition, cases which showed recurrence had more DNA content by single‐cell analysis than those with an indolent clinical behaviour: P = 0.04 and P = 0.03 for LSIL and HSIL, respectively.Conclusions:  Image cytometric DNA analysis is a useful technique for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in uterine cervical SIL when appropriate ‘c’ values are used in single‐cell analysis. We propose that a >6c DNA content of 30% is useful as a cut‐off level for predicting cases with CIN2+ in DNA image cytometry of cervical smears.
Development of the marsupial shoulder girdle complex: a case study in Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Hübler Merla , Molineaux Anna C. , Keyte Anna , Schecker Teresa , Sears Karen E. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYDuring their embryogenesis, marsupials transiently develop a unique structure, the shoulder arch, which provides the structural support and muscle‐attachments necessary for the newborn's crawl to the teat. One of the most pronounced and functionally important aspects of the shoulder arch is an enlarged coracoid. The goal of this study is to determine the molecular basis of shoulder arch formation in marsupials. To achieve this goal, this study investigates the relative expression of several genes with known roles in shoulder girdle morphogenesis in a marsupial—the opossum, Monodelphis domestica—and a placental, the mouse, Mus musculus. Results indicate that Hoxc6, a gene involved in coracoid patterning, is expressed for a longer period of time and at higher levels in opossum relative to mouse. Functional manipulation suggests that these differences in Hoxc6 expression are independent of documented differences in retinoic acid signaling in opossum and mouse forelimbs. Results also indicate that Emx2, a gene involved in scapular blade condensation, is upregulated in opossum relative to mouse. However, several other genes involved in shoulder girdle patterning (e.g., Gli3, Pax1, Pbx1, Tbx15) are comparably expressed in these species. These findings suggest that the upregulation of Hoxc6 and Emx2 occurs through independent genetic modifications in opossum relative to mouse. In summary, this study documents a correlation between gene expression and the divergent shoulder girdle morphogenesis of marsupial (i.e., opossum) and placental (i.e., mouse) mammals, and thereby provides a foundation for future research into the genetic basis of shoulder girdle morphogenesis in marsupials. Furthermore, this study supports the hypothesis that the mammalian shoulder girdle is a highly modular structure whose elements are relatively free to evolve independently.