bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the prospect of identifying adaptive loci in recently bottlenecked populations
Authors: Poh Yu-Ping , Domingues Vera S. , Hoekstra Hopi E. , Jensen Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIdentifying adaptively important loci in recently bottlenecked populations – be it natural selection acting on a population following the colonization of novel habitats in the wild, or artificial selection during the domestication of a breed – remains a major challenge. Here we report the results of a simulation study examining the performance of available population-genetic tools for identifying genomic regions under selection. To illustrate our findings, we examined the interplay between selection and demography in two species ofPeromyscusmice, for which we have independent evidence of selection acting on phenotype as well as functional evidence identifying the underlying genotype. With this unusual information, we tested whether population-genetic-based approaches could have been utilized to identify the adaptive locus. Contrary to published claims, we conclude that the use of the background site frequency spectrum as a null model is largely ineffective in bottlenecked populations. Results are quantified both for site frequency spectrum and linkage disequilibrium-based predictions, and are found to hold true across a large parameter space that encompasses many species and populations currently under study. These results suggest that the genomic footprint left by selection on both new and standing variation in strongly bottlenecked populations will be difficult, if not impossible, to find using current approaches.
Making the most of that all-important job interview
Authors: Sang Long Choi 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how employers can get the best results from job interviews.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper considers the relative merits of structured interviews, behavioral interviews, experience-based interviews and situational interviews.

Findings
– This paper explains that each type of interview has its place, dependent on the type of job to be filled.

Practical implications
– It is revealed that proper preparation by employers can help them to get the most suitable candidates.

Originality/value
– This paper reveals how employers can learn to conduct effective interviews that produce reliable results.
Make performance-management systems work for your company
Authors: Agarwal Promila 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the leadership route for managers to manage performance appraisal effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper outlines the importance of playing down personal feelings about individual employees, getting the best out of high and low performers, appreciating good work, connecting with subordinates, being a role model and making the most of diversity.

Findings
– This paper contends that performance management systems alone can never bring about optimum performance; they must be accompanied by sensitive and inspired leaders who treat their employees as individuals.

Practical implications
– Attention is drawn to the importance of converting managers into leaders who can deal easily and comfortably with diversity and the unforeseen.

Social implications
– Some of the challenges of dealing with the modern, diverse workforce have been highlighted.

Originality/value
– This paper advances the view that good leadership is a tool to balance structured performance management systems with the flexibility needed to tailor the systems to specific employee needs.
HR lawyers’ role in a successful global merger
Authors: Bottini Aldo , Rossi Lea 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to present a case study outlining the importance of getting a grip on the regulatory realities of cross-border mergers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper examines the help that Ius Laboris, a specialist international human resources (HR) law firm alliance, was able to give in the merger of a major multinational fashion company based in Italy and a French firm.

Findings
– The paper charts the way in which the law firm’s experts, with their detailed local knowledge, were able to help in ensuring that the merger went ahead smoothly.

Practical implications
– The paper reveals that all the processes carried out across the world were under the control of a restricted number of people in Italy, near the headquarters of the company. Local branches, often with no administrative back-up, were not required to search for local consultants and lawyers.

Social implications
– The paper highlights some of the legal complications of cross-border mergers and ways in which to overcome them.

Originality/value
– Reveals how important it is for HR to be aware of the cross-border vision and to have ready access to legal and regulatory expertise that can be relied upon whenever required.
Decentralised bargaining and performance-related pay
Authors: Damiani Mirella , Ricci Andrea 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which performance-related pay (PRP) has been negotiated through decentralised bargaining in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides estimates aimed at identifying the main factors that have favoured agreements on PRP, on the basis of a nationally representative sample of Italian manufacturing and service companies.

Findings
– The paper shows that collective bargaining on PRP in Italy is positively associated with the presence of unions. The estimates also suggest that in unionised firms, workers have more access to returns from training in the form of PRP schemes. Finally, the paper finds that firm performance is positively associated with the adoption of PRP.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research based on additional data should enable the authors to identify causal effects.

Practical implications
– Partial fiscal exemptions for the wage component linked to enterprise results might increase the number of firms adopting PRP. In addition, the presence of unions may discourage the diffusion of “cosmetic” schemes that are adopted merely to secure benefits for the firm. Unions may also increase the returns of training and diffusion of PRP.

Originality/value
– This paper utilises a unique database containing recent information from a nationwide sample of Italian firms. It includes a whole set of information, including unionisation at the firm level, which allows the authors to address a critical issue, i.e., the strategic role of unions in adopting (or impeding) the adoption of PRP.
Research on the quality stability evaluation and monitoring based on the pre-control chart
Authors: Qing Liu Shu , Su Qin , Li Ping 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– In order to meet the requirements of 6σ management and to overcome the deficiencies of the theory for using the pre-control chart to evaluate and monitor quality stability, the purpose of this paper is to probe into the quality stability evaluation and monitoring guidelines of small batch production process based on the pre-control chart under the conditions of the distribution center and specifications center non-coincidence (0<ɛ≤1.5σ), the process capability index C

p
≥2 and the virtual alarm probability α=0.27 percent.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the range of the quality stability evaluation sampling number in initial production process is determined by using probability and statistics methods, the sample size for the quality stability evaluation is adjusted and determined in initial production process according to the error judgment probability theory, and the guideline for quality stability evaluation has been proposed in initial production process based on the theory of small probability events. Second, the alternative guidelines for quality stability monitoring and control in formal production process are proposed by using combination theory, the alternative guidelines are initially selected based on the theory of small probability events, a comparative analysis of the guidelines is made according to the average run lengths values, and the monitoring and control guidelines for quality stability are determined in formal production process.

Findings
– The results obtained from research indicate that when the virtual alarm probability α=0.27 percent, the shifts ɛ in the range 0<ɛ≤1.5σ and the process capability index C

p
≥2, the quality stability evaluation sample size of the initial production process is 11, whose scondition is that the number of the samples falling into the yellow zone is 1 at maximum. The quality stability evaluation sample size of the formal production process is 5, and when the number of the samples falling into the yellow zone is ≤1, the process is stable, while when two of the five samples falling into the yellow, then one more sample needs to be added, and only if this sample falls into the green zone, the process is stable.

Originality/value
– Research results can overcome the unsatisfactory 6σ management assumptions and requirements and the oversize virtual alarm probability α of the past pre-control charts, as well as the shortage only adaptable to the pre-control chart when the shifts ɛ=0. And at the same time, the difficult problem hard to adopt the conventional control charts to carry out process control because of a fewer sample sizes is solved.
A scheduling algorithm for grid workflow using bottleneck detection and load balancing
Authors: Smanchat Sucha , Sritawathon Suchon 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to propose a scheduling technique for parameter sweep workflows, which are used in parametric study and optimization. When executed in multiple parallel instances in the grid environment, it is necessary to address bottleneck and load balancing to achieve an efficient execution.

Design/methodology/approach
– A bottleneck detection approach is based on commonly known performance metrics of grid resources. To address load balancing, a resource requirement similarity metric is introduced to determine the likelihood of the distribution of tasks across available grid resources, which is referred to as an execution context. The presence of a bottleneck and the execution context are used in the main algorithm, named ABeC, to schedule tasks selectively at run-time to achieve a better overall execution time or makespan.

Findings
– According to the results of the simulations against four existing algorithms using several scenarios, the proposed technique performs, at least, similarly to the existing four algorithms in most cases and achieves better performance when scheduling workflows have a parallel structure.

Originality/value
– The bottleneck detection and the load balancing proposed in this paper require only common resource and task information, rendering it applicable to most workflow systems. The proposed scheduling technique, through such selective behaviour, may help reduce the time required for the execution of multiple instances of a grid workflow that is to be executed in parallel.
Predicting change impact in Web service ecosystems
Authors: Khanh Dam Hoa 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to address the issue of Web service providers facing a major issue of estimating the potential effects of changing a Web service to other services, especially in large ecosystems of Web services which have become more common nowadays. Web service providers make constant changes to their Web services to meet the ever-changing business requirements.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper proposes an approach to predict change impact by mining a version history of a Web service ecosystem. The proposed approach extracts patterns of Web services that have been changed together from the version history by using association rule data mining techniques. The approach then uses this knowledge of co-changed patterns for predicting the impact of future changes based on the assumption that Web services which have been changed together frequently in the past will likely be changed together in future.

Findings
– An empirical validation based on the Amazon’s ecosystem of 46 Web services indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. After an initial change, the proposed approach can correctly predict up to 25 per cent of further Web services to be changed with the precision of up to 82 per cent.

Originality/value
– Traditional approaches to predict change impact in Web services tend to rely on having a dependency graph between Web services. However, in practice, building and maintaining inter-service dependencies that capture the precise semantics and behaviours of the Web services are challenging and costly. The proposed approach offers a novel alternative which only requires mining the existing version history of Web services.
Choosing the sure gain and the sure loss: uncertainty avoidance and the reflection effect
Authors: Chatterjee Subimal , Atav Gizem , Min Junhong , Taylor David 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to investigate the role of uncertainty avoidance (UA) as a moderator of Prospect Theory’s reflection effect (i.e. the simultaneous choice of a sure gain and a risky loss). We expect that higher-UA consumers, seeking certainty, will shun risk across both gains and losses such that their choices will be inconsistent with the reflection effect.

Design/methodology/approach
– We report three studies in which participants choose between risk and certainty. We use the stimuli from the original Prospect Theory paper, measure UA using an individual-level scale and conduct controlled experimental (laboratory) studies.

Findings
– We show that, compared to lower-UA consumers, higher-UA consumers demonstrate the reflection effect less frequently in a variety of settings (small/large stakes and within/between subjects comparisons). Mediation tests reveal that higher-UA consumers anchor on the sure loss and stay with their choice because they prefer the certainty of the sure (smaller) loss to the possibility of a possible (larger) loss (a dual-mediation mechanism).

Research limitations/implications
– The results have important implications for marketing practice. They show that quantifying uncertainty into a probability number is not enough to eliminate the uncertainty of the situation, and that UA is likely serve as a boundary condition to many of the traditional heuristics of judgment and decision-making.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to demonstrate that UA can moderate the reflection effect (using the stimuli in the original Prospect Theory paper). Therefore, it sets an agenda for future researchers who may want to use these findings to calibrate price/uncertainty tradeoffs within higher-UA segments.
How missed temporal deadlines influence consumption behavior
Authors: Vallen Beth , Block Lauren G. , Eisenstein Eric 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to explore how and why consumption behavior changes across time in reference to a temporal deadline, such as a meeting start time or scheduled appointment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors present findings from two experiments that manipulate distance to/from a deadline and assess behavioral intentions and consumer choice, both before a deadline is reached (i.e. the individual is early) and after a deadline has passed (i.e. the individual is late).

Findings
– Results demonstrate that, while individuals are more likely to refrain from consumption in favor of being on time as a deadline approaches, they are more likely to engage in consumption activities once they have already missed their deadline. Support is shown for an underlying process of affect regulation; when they are late (vs on time), consumers are likely to regulate affect via the selection of more indulgent options.

Practical implications
– These studies provide insight into the both the beneficial and detrimental nature of deadlines. Further, they provide insight as to how deadlines impact consumer behavior by demonstrating differential patterns of consumption based on whether an individual is early vs late.

Originality/value
– Documenting the effect of meeting and missing deadlines on consumption contributes to the literature on time usage and offers insights into individuals’ efforts to prioritize multiple activities that conflict due to time constraints.
Long gone the glory days
Authors: Richelieu André , Lessard Stéphanie 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the catalyzing factors team managers of previously successful European football clubs could capitalize on in order to build or rebuild the brand identity of their respective team via the Europa League.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors followed a case analysis method. The authors selected teams that have had a history of good performance in European competitions in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, before falling off the radar. A total of 19 teams, representing 15 countries, accepted the invitation.

Findings
– The managers underlined eight major catalyzing factors. The managers specifically emphasize the importance of branding and how it can crystallize the promise these teams articulate to their fans, on and off the football pitch. Moreover, the values that a team encapsulates and communicates through its daily actions seem to represent the essence of the brand.

Research limitations/implications
– One risk relates to the respondents who could very well know what a brand is and how a brand should be managed in theory, but it does not necessarily mean that they know how to do it at all.

Practical implications
– The paper highlighted the importance of shrewd management, especially when resources are scarce. A competition such as the Europa League might provide some room to maneuver but, above all, the organization must deliver the brand promise to its fans.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies looking at the leverage a European football competition could provide to previously successful clubs.
‘Respons’ible service quality
Authors: Sahai Vickram , Kumar Jain Arvind 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap between customer’s assessment of service quality dimensions (SERVQUAL model) and the descriptors of training. A model of service quality is SERVQUAL, which measures the discrepancy between customer’s perceptions and expectation on the customer service. The dimensions of service quality here are evaluated from the customer’s point of view. Functional fluency as a model of transactional analysis identifies descriptors of interpersonal communication that helps employees improve their responses. Hence, to provide a clear training need assessment, the dimensions of service quality and descriptors of functional fluency must be mapped accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach
– The semantic mapping of the dimensions of the service quality with descriptors of the functional fluency model.

Findings
– Of the five dimensions of the SERVAQUAL model, four are behavioral and are mapped with four descriptors belonging to four different modes of the functional fluency model. The four modes are positive manner in which people can respond to improve service quality.

Research limitations/implications
– The implication is the training needs that emerge by bridging the gap between SERVQUAL dimensions and functional fluency model for self-development.

Practical implications
– This will provide an organization the training needs analysis for their employees for improving their interpersonal communication on service quality dimensions.

Originality/value
– Bridging of the gap between customer’s assessment of service quality dimensions (SERVQUAL model) and the descriptors of training (functional fluency model).
Performance of salmon fishery portfolios across western North America
Authors: Griffiths Jennifer R. , Schindler Daniel E. , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Whited Diane C. , Clark Robert A. , Hilborn Ray , Holt Carrie A. , Lindley Steven T. , Stanford Jack A. , Volk Eric C. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Quantifying the variability in the delivery of ecosystem services across the landscape can be used to set appropriate management targets, evaluate resilience and target conservation efforts. Ecosystem functions and services may exhibit portfolio‐type dynamics, whereby diversity within lower levels promotes stability at more aggregated levels. Portfolio theory provides a framework to characterize the relative performance among ecosystems and the processes that drive differences in performance.

We assessed Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. portfolio performance across their native latitudinal range focusing on the reliability of salmon returns as a metric with which to assess the function of salmon ecosystems and their services to humans.

We used the Sharpe ratio (e.g. the size of the total salmon return to the portfolio relative to its variability (risk)) to evaluate the performance of Chinook and sockeye salmon portfolios across the west coast of North America. We evaluated the effects on portfolio performance from the variance of and covariance among salmon returns within each portfolio, and the association between portfolio performance and watershed attributes.

We found a positive latitudinal trend in the risk‐adjusted performance of Chinook and sockeye salmon portfolios that also correlated negatively with anthropogenic impact on watersheds (e.g. dams and land‐use change). High‐latitude Chinook salmon portfolios were on average 2·5 times more reliable, and their portfolio risk was mainly due to low variance in the individual assets. Sockeye salmon portfolios were also more reliable at higher latitudes, but sources of risk varied among the highest performing portfolios.

Synthesis and applications. Portfolio theory provides a straightforward method for characterizing the resilience of salmon ecosystems and their services. Natural variability in portfolio performance among undeveloped watersheds provides a benchmark for restoration efforts. Locally and regionally, assessing the sources of portfolio risk can guide actions to maintain existing resilience (protect habitat and disturbance regimes that maintain response diversity; employ harvest strategies sensitive to different portfolio components) or improve restoration activities. Improving our understanding of portfolio reliability may allow for management of natural resources that is robust to ongoing environmental change.