bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Screening, Coulomb Singularity and Drude Model of Absorption
Authors: Mulser P. , Murakami M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Debye screening potential is generalized for an arbitrary isotropic distribution function and the dynamic screening for a cold streaming plasma is calculated. In both cases the structure of the screening length is the same, however the potentials are different. For the warm plasma under arbitrary drift the ballistic model is compared with the self consistent dielectric model. The validity of the Drude ansatz is shown to hold as long as the electron oscillations parallel to its motion are negligible. Their energy is by twice the Coulomb logarithm lower than in perpendicular direction. Finally, the problem of the Coulomb singularity is addressed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hypernetted Chain Calculations for Multi‐Component and NonEquilibrium Plasmas
Authors: Bredow R. , Bornath Th. , Kraeft W.‐D. , Redmer R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe solve the Ornstein‐Zernike equation within the hypernetted chain approximation for dense multi‐component plasmas using effective pair potentials. The method is used to study structural properties of plasmas, for instance in order to explain and predict X‐ray Thomson scattering spectra. Corresponding experiments are performed at free electron lasers such as FLASH Hamburg and LCLS Stanford, or at facilities using energetic optical lasers such as Omega in Rochester and Janus in Livermore. Results for pair distribution functions and static structure factors for dense hydrogen, beryllium, carbon and carbonhydride plasmas are presented. Furthermore, calculations for non‐equilibrium two‐temperature plasmas are performed as well, which are relevant for laserplasma interaction and relaxation phenomena on short time scales. We propose a consistent treatment for the electron‐ion coupling term which leads to a more realistic description of correlation effects. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and Transport Properties of Dust Formation in Plasma of Noble Gases Mixture in Radio Frequency Discharge
Authors: Dosbolayev M.K. , Utegenov A. U. , Ramazanov T. S. , Daniyarov T. T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the present paper properties of dust formation in RF discharges of pure helium and helium‐argon mixture are investigated. Analysis of macroscopic properties of dust formation at different pressures of background gas reveals a change of properties of dust formation in the mixture of gases in comparison with discharge in pure helium. As possible mechanisms for observed behavior, a change of ion jet content and a friction of neutral component are considered. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition of Dense Beryllium, Boron and Carbon Plasmas
Authors: Gabdullin M.T. , Ramazanov T.S. , Redmer R. , Akhtanova G.B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the present paper we determine the composition of dense beryllium, boron and carbon plasma by solving the Saha equations with corrections due to non‐ideality. The lowering of the ionization potentials is calculated on the basis of effective potentials by taking into account screening and quantum diffraction effects. The considered range of density and temperature covers plasmas with a very low degree of ionization up to full ionization with ions having the maximum ionization state. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dust Particles Behavior in an Electrodynamic Trap
Authors: Lapitsky D. S. , Filinov V. S. , Deputatova L. V. , Vasilyak L. M. , Vladimirov V. I. , Pecherkin V. Ya. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe behavior of the charged dust particles in the linear Paul trap was simulated by Brownian dynamics for reasonable choice of the particle parameters and trap electrode voltages. Regions of these parameters needed for particle confinement at normal atmosphere conditions (pressure and temperatures) have been obtained. An influence of air viscosity, particle masses and charges, frequency and alternating voltage on regions of confinement were investigated. Obtained regions of the particle confinement agree with our experimental results for linear Paul trap. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐Density Equation of State for Water from a Chemical Model
Authors: Schöttler M. , Redmer R. , French M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe calculate the free energy and other basic thermodynamic properties of water within a model in the chemical picture. The respective mass‐action laws between several molecular, atomic, and ionic species are solved analytically, and purely temperature‐dependent partition functions are used for all species. It is shown that such an ideal gas‐like model is able to describe the thermodynamic properties in relatively good agreement with ab initio simulations, provided that the density of the system is sufficiently low. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic Layer Deposition of W:Al2O3 Nanocomposite Films with Tunable Resistivity
Authors: Mane Anil U. , Elam Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNanocomposite tungsten‐aluminum oxide (W:Al2O3) thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) and disilane (Si2H6) for the W ALD and trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and H2O for the Al2O3 ALD. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements performed using various W cycle percentages revealed that the W ALD inhibits the Al2O3 ALD and vice versa. Despite this inhibition, the relationship between W content and W cycle percentage was close to that predicted by theoretical calculations based on the growth per cycle values of binary compounds. Depth profiling XPS showed that the (W:Al2O3) films were uniform in composition and contained Al, O, and metallic W as expected, but also included significant F and C. Cross‐sectional TEM revealed the composite film structure to be metallic nanoparticles (∼1 nm) embedded in an amorphous matrix. The resistivity of these composite films could be tuned in the range of 1012–108 Ω cm by adjusting the W cycle percentage between 10% and 30%W. These films have applications in electron multipliers as well as electron and ion optics.
Bcl‐2 level as a biomarker for 13q14 deletion in CLL
Authors: Degheidy Heba A. , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Farooqui Mohammed Z. H. , Abbasi Fatima , Arthur Diane C. , Bauer Steven R. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wiestner Adrian , Stetler‐Stevenson M. A. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundDeletion 13q14.3 is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Previously it was reported that miR‐15/16 is the target of 13q14 deletions and plays a tumor suppressor role by suppressing Bcl‐2. Therefore, Bcl‐2 expression was examined more closely to determine whether it would predict 13q14 deletion status.MethodsA multi‐color flow panel consisting of anti‐Bcl‐2/anti‐lambda/anti‐kappa/CD19/CD5/CD3/CD20 was performed. The ability of Bcl‐2 to predict 13q14 deletion was tested using the conventional Bcl‐2 index (c‐index): mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CLL clone/MFI of residual T cells. Fifty‐four untreated CLL/MBL patients were studied. Bimodal Bcl‐2 expression was evaluated to test the ability of Bcl‐2 to detect intraclonal heterogeneity. Other CLL prognostic markers including CD38, CD49d, CD26, and CD69 were evaluated. FISH was performed on selected sorted populations.ResultsThe Bcl‐2 c‐index strongly predicts del13q14 P < 0.0001. A statistically significant association was observed between the percentage of cells carrying the deletion and the level of Bcl‐2 expression P < 0.05. Cells sorted based on Bcl‐2 expression showed enrichment of both hemizygous and homozygous del 13q14 cells. Also, we observed that an alteration in Bcl‐2 level over time predicts changes in 13q14 deletion status. And a statistically significant correlation between the bimodal pattern of CD69 expression and the presence of 13q14 deletion was found P < 0.0001.ConclusionBcl‐2 expression using the c‐index strongly predicts 13q14 deletion and can be used to distinguish homozygous, heterozygous, and diploid CLL clonal cells. Further systematic studies of this biomarker are needed for confirmation and expansion of these findings. Published 2013 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Stabilization media increases recovery in paucicellular cerebrospinal fluid specimens submitted for flow cytometry testing
Authors: Greig B. , Stetler‐Stevenson M. , Lea J. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundFlow cytometric immunophenotpying (FCI) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other paucicellular fluids has been demonstrated to have increased sensitivity in detection of lymphoma and leukemia when compared to cytomorphology [(1) de Graaf et al., Cytometry Part B 2011, 80B:271–281; (2) Szamosi et al., CLSI Document H56‐A—Body Fluid Analysis for Cellular Composition; Approved Guideline, Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2006; (3) Kraan et al., Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Current Protocols in Cytometry, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008]. However, low cellularity has been an historical problem with these samples. Several studies indicate that immediate addition of a stabilization media (e.g., RPMI with fetal calf serum (FCS)) to CSF improves the cell yield for FCI [(1) de Graaf et al.]. Such stabilization medias can, however, significantly increase cost.MethodsWe compared FCI results in CSF stabilized with RPMI 1640 (without additional additives) to results obtained using non‐stabilized CSF. Samples were processed according to published CLSI guidelines [(2) Szamosi et al.].ResultsAbout 98/105 (93%) CSF specimens stabilized with RPMI had adequate numbers of viable cells (>100) for performing FCI. About 65/217 (30%) CSF specimens without stabilization had adequate numbers of viable cells for analysis (70% either quantity not sufficient (QNS) or specimen viability below analytical limits).ConclusionsUtilizing RMPI without FCS as a stabilization media results in increased cell yield and improved FCI results. We have found FCS is not required to achieve high quality results in FCI of paucicellular CSF specimens. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Aluminum‐Bridged Cobalt Diglyoximate Complexes
Authors: Kelley Paul , Day Michael W. , Agapie Theodor 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe syntheses of several cobalt diglyoximate complexes connected by one or two aluminum bridges are described. The aluminum centers are supported by tunable tetradentate diamine bisphenoxide ligands. Electrochemical investigations revealed that the number of aluminum bridges and the nature of the substituents on the phenoxide ligands significantly affect the cobalt reduction potentials. The present aluminum–cobalt compounds are electrocatalysts for proton reduction to hydrogen at potentials negative relative to those of the boron‐ and proton‐bridged analogs. The reported synthetic strategies allow modulation of the reduction potentials and the secondary coordination sphere interactions by tuning the ancillary ligands bound to aluminum.
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF IMMUNIZATIONS TIMING ON CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES IN INDIA
Authors: Bhargava Alok , Guntupalli Aravinda M. , Lokshin Michael , Howard Larry L. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYTimely vaccinations of children in developing countries are important for reducing morbidity and mortality, which are Millennium Development Goals. However, a majority of children do not possess vaccination cards compiling information on timing. We investigated the benefits of vaccination cards for the uptake of immunizations against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), polio, tuberculosis (BCG), and measles using data on over 200,000 Indian children from the District Level Health and Facility Survey 3. Methodological issues such as whether parents of children with higher morbidity levels may have them vaccinated were investigated. The results from the models for DPT, polio, measles, and BCG vaccinations showed significant beneficial effects of maternal education, household possessions, and access to health care facilities. Moreover, models for children's ages at the time of vaccination showed significant interactions between maternal education and access to and availability of health care facilities. Finally, models for child morbidity due to diarrhea, cough, and fever showed that timely vaccinations against DPT, access to piped water, and cooking with electricity or natural gas were associated with lower morbidity. Overall, issuing paper or electronic vaccination cards to children is likely to enhance timely uptake of various immunizations thereby reducing child morbidity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method to characterize the spatial structure of soil macropore networks in effects of cultivation using computed tomography
Authors: Hu Youbing , Feng Jie , Yang Tao , Wang Chao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSoil macropore networks are subsurface connected void spaces caused by processes such as fracture of soils, micro‐erosion and fauna burrows. Axial X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning provides a convenient means of recording the spatial structure of soil macropore networks. The objective of this study were to (1) based on CT technique and GIS digitized image method, construction a new technique for tracing, visualizing and measuring the soil macropore networks and (2) investigate the effects of farming activities on soil macropore networks characteristics. Our technique uses left‐turning and nine‐direction judgment methods, a combination of the layer‐by‐layer analysis method and the up‐down tracking algorithm. The characteristics for the overall structure patterns of macropores, the spatial distribution of the macropore networks and each single macropore network can be conveniently identified by our technique. Eight undisturbed soil columns from fields with two distinct land uses (under cultivation and not been cultivated) and four different depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 60–80 cm) were investigated. The soil columns were scanned using X‐ray CT at a voxel resolution of 0.075 × 0.075 × 3.000 mm. Results indicate that farming activities can destroy the initial structure of macropores, and those remaining are mainly small‐sized and medium‐sized networks with lower extension and hydraulic conductivity. The network properties show a significant difference between upper and lower layer. The results can provide beneficial reference to further research centered on non‐equilibrium flow prediction and chemical transport modeling in field soils. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian integrated testing strategy to assess skin sensitization potency: from theory to practice
Authors: Jaworska Joanna , Dancik Yuri , Kern Petra , Gerberick Frank , Natsch Andreas 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFrameworks to predictin vivoeffects by integration ofin vitro,in silicoandin chemicoinformation using mechanistic insight are needed to meet the challenges of 21stcentury toxicology. Expert‐based approaches that qualitatively integrate multifaceted data are practiced under the term ’weight of evidence’, whereas quantitative approaches remain rare. To address this gap we previously developed a methodology to design an Integrated Testing Strategy (ITS) in the form of a Bayesian Network (BN). This study follows up on our proof of concept work and presents an updated ITS to assess skin sensitization potency expressed as local lymph node assay (LLNA) potency classes. Modifications to the ITS structure were introduced to include better mechanistic information. The parameters of the updated ITS were calculated from an extended data set of 124 chemicals. A detailed validation analysis and a case study were carried out to demonstrate the utility of the ITS for practical application. The improved BN ITS predicted correctly 95% and 86% of chemicals in a test set (n = 21) for hazard and LLNA potency classes, respectively. The practical value of using the BN ITS is far more than a prediction framework when all data are available. The BN ITS can develop a hypothesis using subsets of data as small as one data point and can be queried on the value of adding additional tests before testing is commenced. The ITS represents key steps of the skin sensitization process and a mechanistically interpretable testing strategy can be developed. These features are illustrated in the manuscript via practical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the biocompatibility and stability of a gold nanoparticle collagen bioscaffold
Authors: Grant Sheila A. , Spradling Claire S. , Grant Daniel N. , Fox Derek B. , Jimenez Luis , Grant David A. , Rone Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCollagen has been utilized as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications due to its many advantageous properties. However, collagen in its purified state is mechanically weak and prone to rapid degradation. To mitigate these effects, collagen can be crosslinked. Although enhanced mechanical properties and stability can be achieved by crosslinking, collagen can be rendered less biocompatible either due to changes in the overall microstructure or due to the cytotoxicity of the crosslinkers. We have investigated crosslinking collagen using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance mechanical properties and resistance to degradation while also maintaining its natural microstructure and biocompatibility. Rat tail type I collagen was crosslinked with AuNPs using a zero‐length crosslinker, 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Several characterization studies were performed including electron microscopy, collagenase assays, ROS assays, and biocompatibility assays. The results demonstrated that AuNP‐collagen scaffolds had increased resistance to degradation as compared to non‐AuNP‐collagen while still maintaining an open microstructure. Although the biocompatibility assays showed that the collagen and AuNP‐collagen scaffolds are biocompatible, the AuNP‐collagen demonstrated enhanced cellularity and glycoaminoglycans (GAG) production over the collagen scaffolds. Additionally, the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assays indicated the ability of the AuNP‐collagen to reduce oxidation. Overall, the AuNP‐collagen scaffolds demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility and stability over non‐AuNP scaffolds. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 332–339, 2014.
Osteogenesis imperfecta without features of type V caused by a mutation in the IFITM
5 gene
Authors: Grover Monica , Campeau Philippe M , Lietman Caressa Dee , Lu James T , Gibbs Richard A , Schlesinger Alan E , Lee Brendan H 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is typically caused by mutations in type 1 collagen genes, but in recent years new recessive and dominant forms caused by mutations in a plethora of different genes have been characterized. OI type V is a dominant form caused by the recurrent (c.-14C &gt; T) mutation in the 5'UTR of the IFITM5 gene. The mutation adds five residues to the N-terminus of the IFITM5, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains to be elucidated. Typical clinical features present in the majority of OI type V patients include interosseous membrane calcification between the radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula, radial head dislocation, and significant hyperplastic callus formation at the site of fractures. We report a 5-year-old child with clinical features of OI type III or severe OI type IV (characteristic facies, gray sclerae, typical fractures) and absence of classical features of OI type V with a de novo recurrent IFITM5 mutation (c.-14C &gt; T), now typical of OI type V. This highlights the variability of OI caused by IFITM5 mutations and suggests screening for mutations in this gene in most cases of OI where type 1 collagen mutations are absent. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Predictive Value of the In Vitro Platelet Toxicity Assay (iPTA) for the Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Sulfonamides
Authors: Elzagallaai Abdelbaset A. , Koren Gideon , Rieder Michael J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are rare but potentially fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A reliable test to diagnose DHRs would be a major advance in the clinical care for patients and in the evaluation of ADRs during drug development as well as for mechanistic studies of drug hypersensitivity. Available in vitro tests including the lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) have been used but are time‐consuming, cumbersome, and expensive. We have developed a novel diagnostic test for DHRs, the in vitro platelet toxicity assay (iPTA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the iPTA in diagnosis of DHRs to sulfonamides. We recruited 66 individuals (36 DHS‐sulfa patients and 30 healthy controls) to participate in the study. Blood samples were obtained and LTA and iPTA were performed in parallel. There was concentration‐dependent toxicity in the cells of patients when incubated with the reactive hydroxylamine metabolite of sulfamethoxazole for both the LTA and iPTA (P < .05). The iPTA was more sensitive than conventional LTA test in detecting susceptibility of patient cells to in vitro toxicity (P < .05). The novel iPTA has considerable potential as an investigative tool for DHS as it is more sensitive and cheaper, requiring no special reagents.
Carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin enhanced TiO2 removal of Acid Red R and lead ions in suspended solutions
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Yang Lanlan , Wu Feng , Deng Nansheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to find an effective method for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In this work, the effects of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMCD) on the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red R (ARR) and photocatalytic reduction of Pb2+ were investigated in TiO2 suspensions, and the synergistic effects on the simultaneous conversion of ARR and Pb2+ in the presence of CMCD were also evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that CMCD can enhance the photocatalytic degradation of ARR and photocatalytic reduction of Pb2+ in a single system with ARR or Pb2+, respectively. When CMCD was added to the mixed reaction system of ARR and Pb2+, the synergistic effects on the simultaneous conversion of ARR and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions were further enhanced. The photocatalytic removal rates of ARR and Pb2+ in the mixed system were markedly enhanced compared with those in the single systems, and the reaction rate constants of ARR and Pb2+ in the presence of CMCD were higher than those in the absence of CMCD.ConclusionsCMCD can simultaneously enhance the photocatalytic removal of ARR and Pb2+ in mixed systems. CMCD‐enhanced photocatalytic technology may be a good alternative for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes and heavy metal ions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry