bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse de l'évolution de l'imputabilité dans les administrations axées sur le marché de l'emploi – d'une concentration vers un partage des responsabilités ?
Authors: Jantz Bastian , Jann Werner 
Published: June 2013

Dans la présente étude, nous analysons la façon dont la récente évolution dans la gouvernance des services d’emploi survenue dans trois pays d’Europe (Danemark, Allemagne et Norvège) a influencé les relations d’imputabilité. L’idée générale présentée dans la littérature de plus en plus abondante sur l’imputabilité est que le nombre d’acteurs participant aux mécanismes d’imputabilité est en hausse, que les relations d’imputabilité deviennent plus nombreuses et plus complexes et que ces évolutions risquent de se traduire par des relations d’imputabilité contradictoires et, au final, par des « problèmes d’imputabilité multiple ». Nous allons tenter d’étudier ces idées en analysant les différents acteurs concernés et les informations demandées dans les nouveaux mécanismes de gouvernance dans les trois pays. Nous verrons que les évolutions considérables qui surviennent dans les structures organisationnelles et les informations managériales plus nombreuses demandées et fournies ont donné naissance à des formes d’imputabilité davantage partagées. Nous n’avons cependant pas observé d’évolution claire vers une réduction de l’imputabilité politique ou administrative. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Dans de nombreuses régions, les organisations publiques rencontrent et utilisent des mesures d’imputabilité de plus en plus sophistiquées pour contrôler et améliorer leur performance. Beaucoup de citoyens les considèrent cependant encore comme n’étant pas suffisamment responsables. Ces problèmes d’imputabilité sont normalement traités en recommandant et en établissant des structures d’imputabilité nouvelles et plus nombreuses, faisant intervenir plus d’acteurs et d’obligations en termes d’informations, convaincu que l’on est que ces systèmes vont améliorer la production et les résultats. Parallèlement à cela, nombreux sont ceux qui craignent que ces nouvelles structures d’imputabilité partagées et fragmentées affaiblissent l’imputabilité et la légitimité politiques établies. Nous allons étudier ces évolutions en comparant les changements observés en matière d’imputabilité dans les administrations responsables du marché de l’emploi de trois pays et allons voir que les responsabilités sont davantage partagées, mais sans pour autant affaiblir l’imputabilité politique et administrative.
Analyse du rôle des cabinets ministériels en Italie : L'héritage et la temporalité dans l'étude des réformes administratives
Authors: Di Mascio Fabrizio , Natalini Alessandro 
Published: June 2013

Dans le présent article, nous examinons les transformations dont font l’objet les cabinets ministériels en tant que structures consultatives bien établies dans l’exécutif italien depuis le début des années 90, lorsque le système de partis s’est effondré et qu’un cycle permanent de réformes de la gestion publique a été mis en place. Nous allons examiner comment l’influence des conseillers ministériels s’est peu à peu renforcée dans la coordination de l’exécutif, en venant combler le vide laissé en termes de capacité de gouvernance par l’institutionnalisation manquée du nouveau système des partis. Notre analyse empirique épingle ainsi la constellation d’acteurs qui ont reproduit les cabinets ministériels en tant qu’héritage du passé dans la structure actuelle du système italien, entravant au final l’innovation visée par les structures de gouvernance conformes aux normes internationales. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Le présent article entend enrichir la littérature sur le développement du personnel ministériel en tant que manifestation essentielle de la politisation grandissante de la fonction publique. Grâce à son explication plus nuancées de l’héritage, axée sur l’identification des mécanismes causaux qui relient les systèmes institutionnels et les choix des acteurs dans les processus de réforme, notre article peut également enrichir les débats généraux sur le rôle du temps dans la gestion publique. Il porte également un regard intégré sur les différentes politiques de réforme de la fonction publique afin d’analyser les interrelations des évolutions administratives.
Entre agents de l'État et professionnels libéraux : Analyse empirique de la réforme des notaires portugais
Authors: Tavares António F. , Rodrigues Miguel A. 
Published: June 2013

Depuis les années 80, on fait de plus en plus appel aux mécanismes de marché en tant que solution alternative à la prestation de service public. La présente étude s’intéresse à une fonction singulière de la fonction publique – les notaires – et tente d’analyser les facteurs qui ont conduit à la formation de structures de marché différentes suite au choix opéré par certains notaires, qui ont préféré suivre la voie de la privatisation au lieu de conserver leur statut de fonctionnaire. Le gouvernement portugais a autorisé les notaires à opter pour le privé et prévu un numerus clausus de notaires par circonscription. Depuis la fin de la réforme, différentes structures de marché sont présentes dans les 278 arrondissements notariaux. Notre principale hypothèse est que des marchés comportant plusieurs agents se sont formés dans les arrondissements où les actes notariés et juridiques sont plus nombreux et plus rentables et assurent la survie financière et le profit. En revanche, des monopoles se sont formés sous l’effet de l’absence perçue d’opportunités commerciales et de demande. Pendant la période 2010-2011, nous avons recueilli des données émanant de statistiques officielles du système notarial, que nous avons complétées par des données sur les caractéristiques économiques et démographiques de chaque arrondissement. Nous avons effectué une régression logistique multinomiale pour vérifier l’hypothèse principale concernant la structure du marché dans les 278 arrondissements notariaux du Portugal continental. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens La tendance à la dérégulation de la profession notariale risque de continuer à progresser dans les pays de l’Union européenne. Des enseignements peuvent être tirés de l’expérience portugaise, où l’abandon du statut de fonctionnaire n’est pas encore obligatoire pour tous les notaires, mais où la privatisation semble être l’option inévitable compte tenu des contraintes financières et des pressions budgétaires.
Fuite et écriture dans Terrains vagues de Michel Dallaire
Authors: Ouellet François 
Published: June 2013

Il est courant de lire les romans de l’auteur franco-ontarien Michel Dallaire dans une optique « universaliste » qui accorde une importance première à l’ailleurs et à la rencontre avec l’autre. Or il s’agit ici de montrer, à partir de l’exemple offert par Terrains vagues (1992), que ces motifs ne sont pas une fin en soi, mais qu’ils sont plutôt produits par l’incapacité du personnage féminin, à la suite d’un traumatisme qu’il a subi lorsqu’il était enfant, à vivre parmi les siens, dans sa communauté d’origine. L’héroïne agit moins pour l’autre que pour fuir, et moins dans une perspective de l’ailleurs que contrece qu’elle fuit : la communauté dont elle est originaire, sa famille, son passé, son mal de vivre, ses malheurs, sa honte. Par ailleurs, comme le roman se donne à lire comme le journal du personnage, il met en avant un certain nombre d’intertextes à partir desquels l’héroïne tente de progresser dans sa quête de libération.
Effectively Utilizing NIR Light Using Direct Electron Injection from Up‐Conversion Nanoparticles to the TiO2 Photoanode in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Jie , Ning Yanhui , Wu Suli , Niu Wenbin , Zhang Shufen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nano‐heterostructures are prepared in situ on the TiO2 photoanode of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution (HR)‐TEM confirm the formation of TiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nano‐heterostructures. The up‐converted fluorescence spectrum of the photoanode containing the nano‐heterostructure confirms electron injection from NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ to the condution band (CB) of TiO2. When using a photoanode containing the nano‐heterostructure in a DSC, the overall efficiency (η) of the device is 17% higher than that of a device without the up‐conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and 13% higher than that of a device containing mixed TiO2 and UCNPs. Nano‐heterostructures of TiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ and TiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+ can also be prepared in situ on TiO2 photoanodes. The overall efficiency of the device containing TiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+ nano‐heterostructures is 15% higher than the control device without UCNPs. When nano‐heterostructures of TiO2/NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ are used, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) are all slightly decreased. The effect of the different UCNPs results from the different energy levels of Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+. These results demonstrate that utilizing the UCNPs with the apporpriate energy levels can lead to effective electron injection from the UCNPs to the CB of TiO2, effectively improving the photocurrent and overall efficiency of DSCs while using NIR light.
Near‐Infrared Absorbing Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Versatile Drug Carrier for Cancer Combination Therapy
Authors: Gong Hua , Cheng Liang , Xiang Jian , Xu Huan , Feng Liangzhu , Shi Xiaoze , Liu Zhuang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanoparticles, after being coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), are used as a drug carrier to load various types of aromatic therapeutic molecules, including chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and SN38, as well as a photodynamic agent chlorin e6 (Ce6), through π–π stacking and hydrophobic interaction. Interesting functionalities of PEDOT:PSS‐PEG as an unique versatile drug delivery platform are discovered. Firstly, for water‐insoluble drugs such as SN38, the loading on PEDOT:PSS‐PEG dramatically enhances its water solubility, while maintaining its cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Secondly, the delivery of Ce6 by PEDOT:PSS‐PEG is able to remarkably accelerate the cellular uptake of Ce6 molecules, and thus offers improved photodynamic therapeutic efficacy. Using DOX‐loaded PEDOT:PSS‐PEG as the model system, it is demonstrated that the photothermal effect of PEDOT:PSS‐PEG can be utilized to promote the delivery of this chemotherapeutic agent, achieving a combined photothermal‐ and chemotherapy with an obvious synergistic cancer killing effect. Moreover, it is also shown that multiple types of therapeutic agents could be simultaneously loaded on PEDOT:PSS‐PEG nanoparticles and delivered into cancer cells. This work highlights the great potential of NIR‐absorbing polymeric nanoparticles as multifunctional drug carriers for potential cancer combination therapy with high efficacy.
Orthopedic manifestations and implications for individuals with Costello syndrome
Authors: Detweiler Stacey , Thacker Mihir M. , Hopkins Elizabeth , Conway Laura , Gripp Karen W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCostello syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by heterozygous alterations in HRAS and characterized by multi‐system abnormalities. Individuals with Costello syndrome usually present with severe feeding difficulties in infancy, short stature, coarse facial features, increased tumor risks, cardiac and neurological complications, intellectual disability and orthopedic complications. This study further defines the orthopedic manifestations affecting individuals with Costello syndrome. We studied 43 participants and performed medical records review, clinical examinations and orthopedic inquiry forms. In 23 participants, hip and or spinal imaging assessments were completed. Serial radiographs were analyzed when available. A total of 25 orthopedic manifestations were identified. Ten manifestations were seen in the majority of the participants: hypotonia (87%), ligamentous laxity (85%), scoliosis (63%), kyphosis (58%), characteristic hand deformities (85%), ulnar deviation of the wrist (63%), elbow (55%) and shoulder contractures (65%), tight Achilles tendon (73%), and pes planus (53%). Other characteristics of special note were hip dysplasia (45%), foot deformities requiring surgical intervention (38%) and osteopenia/osteoporosis (47%). We also studied the development of the hips and spine. Uni‐ or bilateral hip dysplasia was congenital in some, while it developed throughout childhood in others. Spinal involvement included scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, and curvature reversal (thoracic lordosis and lumbar kyphosis). Based on these findings, we recommend routine referral to an orthopedic surgeon as well as instituting screening protocols for hips and spine for individuals with Costello syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cationic photopolymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy under 385 nm
Authors: Liu Guodong , Zhu Xiaoqun , Xu Bingbing , Qian Xiaochun , Song Guoqiang , Nie Jun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe cationic photopolymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy (DGEBA) at λ = 385 nm was conducted by the combination of a cationic photoinitiator PAG30201 (Bis (4‐isobutylphenyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate) and a photosensitizer PSS303 (9,10‐dibutoxy‐9,10‐dihydroanthrance). The kinetic characterization was investigated by real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The enhancement of epoxy conversion of DGEBA was achieved by increasing temperature, adding alcohols, active monomers and radical photoinitiators. As a result, in the presence of 2 wt % PAG30201 and 1.2 wt % PSS303, the epoxy rings conversion of DGEBA has reached to more than 70% from 55.9% at room temperature; it could be increased to almost 80% if heated to 60°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3698–3703, 2013
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles on cotton fabric modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Authors: Guo Ronghui , Li Yani , Lan Jianwu , Jiang Shouxiang , Liu Ting , Yan Wanqi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) using sodium citrate as a reducing/stabilizing agent by microwave‐assisted process. The presence of a highly oriented amino‐terminated self‐assembled monolayer and formation of APTMS was demonstrated by an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The silver‐coated cotton fabrics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). UV protection, antistatic, and hydrophobic properties were also evaluated. The results show that silver‐coated fabric modified with APTMS possesses excellent antistatic, UV protection with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 396.5 and superhydrophobic properties with contact angle of 153.2°. APTMS pretreatment improves the adhesive strength between silver coatings and cotton fabric. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3862–3868, 2013
The home range and behaviour of yellow‐stage European eel Anguilla anguilla in an estuarine environment
Authors: Walker Alan M. , Godard Michael J. , Davison Phillip 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The behaviour patterns of yellow‐stage European eels Anguilla anguilla within the tidal waters of the rivers Frome and Piddle, and the neighbouring Poole Harbour estuary (Dorset, England) were examined from July to December using acoustic transmitters and a fixed hydrophone array.
Point‐to‐point measures of range varied between 630 m and 4150 m, with no relationship between eel size and range. Eight eels displayed repeated circuits, travelling distances of 440 m to 5060 m over a few hours.
Activity was generally, but not exclusively, nocturnal, with the start and end times closely associated with sunset and sunrise, respectively.
Neither direction of travel nor average ground speed was influenced by tidal flow direction, and seasonal declines in water temperature did not appear to influence behaviours.
These results on distance travelled during regular, nocturnal movements provide valuable insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of yellow eels in an estuarine environment, which can aid the design of survey programmes in terms of the range over which to deploy fishing gears and the number of nights they should be fished. These survey programmes are urgently required to estimate eel production from saline environments for national Eel Management Plans, and the subsequent implementation of effective conservation measures.
The strong influence of light regime on the behaviour patterns of eels points towards control of artificial illumination (light pollution) being an important eel conservation measure in this environment, at least. Copyright © 2013 Crown copyright.
Observability Analysis of Continuous‐Time LTI Systems with Limited Derivative Data
Authors: Eskandari Neda , Oishi Meeko M. K. , Wang Z. Jane 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe consider continuous‐time LTI systems with either unknown‐input or with lack of information about the input and output derivatives. We compute the unknown‐input observability subspace and the observability subspace with unknown derivatives of input and output. We first formulate the unknown‐input observability subspace via projection matrices, then show that through having the unknown‐input observability subspace, one can easily evaluate the effect of known input and output signals but unknown derivatives on the observability subspace. Our method is demonstrated on the dynamics of a longitudinal aircraft in steady‐state flight.
Oral administration of interferon tau enhances oxidation of energy substrates and reduces adiposity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Tekwe Carmen D. , Lei Jian , Yao Kang , Rezaei Reza , Li Xilong , Dahanayaka Sudath , Carroll Raymond J. , Meininger Cynthia J. , Bazer Fuller W. , Wu Guoyao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMale Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to study effects of oral administration of interferon tau (IFNT) in reducing obesity. Eighteen ZDF rats (28 days of age) were assigned randomly to receive 0, 4, or 8 μg IFNT/kg body weight (BW) per day (n = 6/group) for 8 weeks. Water consumption was measured every two days. Food intake and BW were recorded weekly. Energy expenditure in 4‐, 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐week‐old rats was determined using indirect calorimetry. Starting at 7 weeks of age, urinary glucose, and ketone bodies were tested daily. Rates of glucose and oleate oxidation in liver, brown adipose tissue, and abdominal adipose tissue, as well as leucine catabolism in skeletal muscle, and lipolysis in white and brown adipose tissues were greater for rats treated with 8 μg IFNT/kg BW/day in comparison with control rats. Treatment with 8 μg IFNT/kg BW/day increased heat production, reduced BW gain and adiposity, ameliorated fatty liver syndrome, delayed the onset of diabetes, and decreased concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and branched‐chain amino acids in plasma, compared with control rats. Oral administration of 8 µg IFNT/kg BW/day ameliorated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, as indicated by decreased ratios of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione and increased concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin. These results indicate that IFNT stimulates oxidation of energy substrates and reduces obesity in ZDF rats and may have broad important implications for preventing and treating obesity‐related diseases in mammals. © 2013 BioFactors 39(5):552–563, 2013
Zinc signals and immune function
Authors: Haase Hajo , Rink Lothar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor more than 50 years, it has been known that zinc deficiency compromises immune function. During this time, knowledge about the biochemistry of zinc has continued to grow, but only recent years have provided in‐depth molecular insights into the multiple aspects of zinc as a regulator of immunity. A network based on ZnT and ZIP proteins for transport and metallothionein for storage tightly regulates zinc availability, and virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity are affected by zinc. In vivo, zinc deficiency alters the number and function of neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK)‐, T‐, and B‐cells. T cell functions and balance between the different subsets are particularly susceptible to changes in zinc status. This article focuses in particular on the main mechanisms by which zinc ions exert essential functions in the immune system. On the one hand, this includes tightly protein bound zinc ions serving catalytic or structural functions in a multitude of different proteins, in particular enzymes and transcription factors. On the other hand, increasing evidence arises for a regulatory role of free zinc ions in signal transduction, especially in cells of the immune system. Identification of several molecular targets, including phosphatases, phosphodiesterases, caspases, and kinases suggest that zinc ions are a second messenger regulating signal transduction in various kinds of immune cells. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(1):27–40, 2014
Ghrelin and bone
Authors: Delhanty Patric J.D. , van der Eerden Bram C.J. , van Leeuwen Johannes P.T.M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGhrelin is a gut‐derived peptide hormone, first isolated from the stomach. Ghrelin was initially characterized as a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, but it plays a more important role as a potent orexigen and modulator of whole‐body energy homeostasis. Ghrelin itself is closely regulated by metabolic status. Bone remodeling constantly renews the skeleton in a highly energy‐dependent fashion. Accordingly, bone metabolism is tightly coupled to energy metabolism through the integration of peripheral and central mechanisms, involving the sympathetic nervous system and factors such as leptin. Ghrelin has been shown to modulate osteoblast differentiation and function, both directly and perhaps also through regulation of the GH–insulin‐like growth factor axis. However, recently it has also been shown that ghrelin interacts with leptin in modulating bone structure, constituting a new mechanism that couples bone metabolism with energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role that ghrelin plays modulating bone cell function, and its integrative role in coupling bone metabolism with energy metabolism. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(1):41–48, 2014