bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Japan Medical Association's Disaster Preparedness: Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Ishii Masami , Nagata Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA complex disaster, the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, consisted of a large-scale earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident, resulting in more than 15 000 fatalities, injuries, and missing persons and damage over a 500-km area. The entire Japanese public was profoundly affected by “3/11.” The risk of radiation exposure initially delayed the medical response, prolonging the recovery efforts. Japan's representative medical organization, the Japan Medical Association (JMA), began dispatching Japan Medical Association Teams (JMATs) to affected areas beginning March 15, 2011. About 1400 JMATs comprising nearly 5500 health workers were launched. The JMA coordinated JMAT operations and cooperated in conducting postmortem examination, transporting large quantities of medical supplies, and establishing a multiorganizational council to provide health assistance to disaster survivors. Importantly, these response efforts contributed to the complete recovery of the health care system in affected areas within 3 months, and by July 15, 2011, JMATs were withdrawn. Subsequently, JMATs II have been providing long-term continuing medical support to disaster-affected areas. However, Japan is at great risk for future natural disasters because of its Pacific Rim location. Also, its rapidly aging population, uneven distribution of and shortage of medical resources in regional communities, and an overburdened public health insurance system highlight the need for a highly prepared and effective disaster response system. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:507-512)
Salivary proteins of plant-feeding hemipteroids – implication in phytophagy
Authors: Sharma A. , Khan A.N. , Subrahmanyam S. , Raman A. , Taylor G.S. , Fletcher M.J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany hemipteroids are major pests and vectors of microbial pathogens, infecting crops. Saliva of the hemipteroids is critical in enabling them to be voracious feeders on plants, including the economically important ones. A plethora of hemipteroid salivary enzymes is known to inflict stress in plants, either by degrading the plant tissue or by affecting their normal metabolism. Hemipteroids utilize one of the following three strategies of feeding behaviour: salivary sheath feeding, osmotic-pump feeding and cell-rupture feeding. The last strategy also includes several different tactics such as lacerate-and-flush, lacerate-and-sip and macerate-and-flush. Understanding hemipteroid feeding mechanisms is critical, since feeding behaviour directs salivary composition. Saliva of the Heteroptera that are specialized as fruit and seed feeders, includes cell-degrading enzymes, auchenorrhynchan salivary composition also predominantly consists of cell-degrading enzymes such as amylase and protease, whereas that of the Sternorhyncha includes a variety of allelochemical-detoxifying enzymes. Little is known about the salivary composition of the Thysanoptera. Cell-degrading proteins such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase and pectinesterase enable stylet entry into the plant tissue. In contrast, enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, laccase and trehalase detoxify plant chemicals, enabling the circumvention of plant-defence mechanisms. Salivary enzymes such as M1-zinc metalloprotease and CLIP-domain serine protease as inAcyrthosiphon pisum(Aphididae), and non-enzymatic proteins such as apolipophorin, ficolin-3-like protein and ‘lava-lamp’ protein as inDiuraphis noxia(Aphididae) have the capacity to alter host-plant-defence mechanisms. A majority of the hemipteroids feed on phloem, hence Ca++-binding proteins such as C002 protein, calreticulin-like isoform 1 and calmodulin (critical for preventing sieve-plate occlusion) are increasingly being recognized in hemipteroid–plant interactions. Determination of a staggering variety of proteins shows the complexity of hemipteroid saliva: effector proteins localized in hemipteran saliva suggest a similarity to the physiology of pathogen–plant interactions.
Studies on the protective efficacy of second-generation vaccine along with standard antileishmanial drug in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice
Authors: JOSHI JYOTI , KAUR SUKHBIR 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIt is well established that visceral leishmaniasis (VL; also known as Kala azar) causes immunosuppression, and a successful drug treatment is associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity. Therefore combining a drug with an immune enhancer can provide a better approach for the treatment of the disease. Keeping this in mind, the in vivo antileishmanial efficacy of immunochemotherapy was evaluated with the use of a 78 kDa antigen with or without monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) along with a traditional drug sodium stibogluconate (SSG) in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice. Mice were infected intracardially with promastigotes of L. donovani, and 30 days after infection, these animals were given specific immunotherapy (78 kDa/78 kDa+MPL-A) or chemotherapy (SSG) or immunochemotherapy (SSG+78 kDa/SSG+78 kDa+MPL-A). Animals were euthanased on 1, 15 and 30 post-treatment days. The antileishmanial potential of the immunochemotherapy was revealed by significant reduction in the parasite burden (P<0·001). These animals were also found to exhibit increased delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, higher IgG2a levels, lower IgG1 levels and greater cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-2) concentrations compared with chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone, pointing towards the generation of a strong protective (Th1) type of immune response. Immunochemotherapy with SSG+78 kDa+MPL-A was found to be most effective in protecting mice against VL and therefore can be an alternative option for treatment of VL.
Dynamics of Political Resistance in Tibet: Religious Repression and Controversies of Demographic Change
Authors: Han Enze , Paik Christopher 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a novel approach to studying political mobilization among ethnic Tibetans in China, this article addresses two key questions. First, considering the Chinese state's repressive policies towards Tibetan Buddhism, what role does religion play in fomenting Tibetan political resistance? Second, what implications can be drawn from the changing ethnic demography in Tibet about the conflict behaviour of Tibetans? Using various GIS-referenced data, this article specifically examines the 2008 Tibetan protest movements in China. The main results of our analysis indicate that the spread and frequency of protests in ethnic Tibetan areas are significantly associated with the number of officially registered Tibetan Buddhist sites, as well as the historical dominance of particular types of Tibetan religious sects. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the effect of Han Chinese settlement on Tibetan political activism is more controversial than previously thought.
Polygonal ground in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica and its relationship to ice-table depth and the recent Antarctic climate history
Authors: Mellon Michael T. , Mckay Christopher P. , Heldmann Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe occurrence of dry permafrost overlying ice-rich permafrost is unique to the Antarctic Dry Valleys on Earth and to the high latitudes of Mars. The stability and distribution of this ice are poorly understood and fundamental to understanding the Antarctic climate as far back as a few million years. Polygonal patterned ground is nearly ubiquitous in these regions and is integrally linked to the history of the icy permafrost and climate. We examined the morphology of polygonal ground in Beacon Valley and the Beacon Heights region of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and show that polygon size is correlated with ice-table depth (the boundary between dry and ice-rich permafrost). A numerical model of seasonal stress in permafrost shows that the ice-table depth is a dominant factor. Remote sensing and field observations of polygon size are therefore important tools for investigating subsurface ice. Polygons are long-lived landforms and observed characteristics indicate no major fluctuations in the ice-table depth during their development. We conclude that the Beacon Valley and Beacon Heights polygons have developed for at least 104years to achieve their present mature-stage morphology and that the ice-table depth has been stable for a similar length of time.
Unusual signals recorded by ocean bottom seismometers in the flooded caldera of Deception Island volcano: volcanic gases or biological activity?
Authors: Bowman Daniel C. , Wilcock William S.D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network was deployed for 1 month at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica, in early 2005. Although only two volcano-tectonic and three long-period events were observed, the three OBSs located > 2 km apart inside the caldera detected over 3900 events that could not be attributed to known volcanic or hydrothermal sources. These events are found on one instrument at a time and occur in three types. Type 1 events resemble impulsive signals from biological organisms while type 2 and type 3 events resemble long-period seismicity. The largest number of events was observed in a region of volcanic resurgence and hydrothermal venting. All three types occur together suggesting a common cause and they show evidence for a diurnal distribution. The events are most likely to be due to aquatic animals striking the sensors, but a geological source is also possible. In the first case, these signals indicate the presence of a biological community confined to the caldera. In the second case, they imply widespread hydrothermal activity in Port Foster. Future OBS experiments should bury the seismometers, include a hydrophone, deploy instruments side-by-side, or include a video camera to distinguish between biological and geological events.
Identifying childhood characteristics that underlie premorbid risk for substance use disorders: Socialization and boldness
Authors: Hicks Brian M. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe utilized a longitudinal twin study (N= 2,510) to identify the child characteristics present prior to initiation of substance use that best predicted later substance use disorders. Two independent traits accounted for the majority of premorbid risk: socialization (conformity to rules and conventional values) and boldness (sociability and social assurance, stress resilience, and thrill seeking). Low socialization was associated with disruptive behavior disorders, parental externalizing disorders, and environmental adversity and exhibited moderate genetic (0.45) and shared environmental influences (0.30). Boldness was highly heritable (0.71) and associated with less internalizing distress and environmental adversity. In combination, these traits exhibited robust associations with adolescent and young adult substance use disorders (R= .48 and .50, respectively) and incremental prediction over disruptive behavior disorders, parental externalizing disorders, and environmental adversity. The results were replicated in an independent sample. Socialization and boldness offer a novel conceptualization of underlying risk for substance use disorders that has the potential to improve prediction and theory with implications for basic research, prevention, and intervention.
Realization of a 30-W highly efficient and linear reconfigurable dual-band power amplifier using the continuous mode approach
Authors: Carrubba Vincenzo , Maroldt Stephan , Mußer Markus , Walcher Herbert , Van Raay Friedbert , Quay Rüdiger , Ambacher Oliver , Wiegner Dirk , Seyfried Ulrich , Bohn Thomas , Pascht Andreas 
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the design methodology and the realization of a highly linear and power-efficient reconfigurable dual-band amplifier based on the continuous/Class-ABJ approach. The Class-ABJ theory allows presenting different reactive solutions on both fundamental and second harmonic terminations compared with the standard Class-AB mode. Despite the various terminations, a constant optimum output performance in terms of power, gain, and efficiency can still be achieved. The output impedances are then translated into frequency thus allowing the realization of broadbandpower amplifiers(PAs) at high-power level of 30 W. In this work, the Class-ABJ broadband approach will be used for the realization of a reconfigurable dual-band power amplifier operating in the two frequency bands 2.1–2.2 and 2.5–2.6 GHz. Continuous wave (CW) measurements on the realized PA show power and efficiency greater than 17 W and 55% in the two frequency bands with peak values up to 30 W and 63.7%. Indeed, it is shown that such novel modes can be predistorted and therefore the linearity requirement can also be met.
Subclinical psychosis syndromes in the general population: results from a large-scale epidemiological survey among residents of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland
Authors: Rössler W. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Haker H. , Rodgers S. , Müller M. , Hengartner M. P. 
Published: November 2013

Aims.Prevalence and covariates of subclinical psychosis have gained increased interest in the context of early identification and treatment of persons at risk for psychosis.Methods.We analysed 9829 adults representative of the general population within the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Two psychosis syndromes, derived from the SCL-90-R, were applied: ‘schizotypal signs’ and ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’.Results.Only a few subjects (13.2%) reported no schizotypal signs. While 33.2% of subjects indicated mild signs, only a small proportion (3.7%) reported severe signs. A very common outcome was no ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’ (70.6%). Although 13.5% of the participants reported mild symptoms, severe nuclear symptoms were very rare (0.5%). Because these two syndromes were only moderately correlated (r = 0.43), we were able to establish sufficiently distinct symptom clusters. Schizotypal signs were more closely connected to distress than was schizophrenia nuclear symptoms, even though their distribution types were similar. Both syndromes were associated with several covariates, such as alcohol and tobacco use, being unmarried, low education level, psychopathological distress and low subjective well-being.Conclusions.Subclinical psychosis symptoms are quite frequent in the general population but, for the most part, are not very pronounced. In particular, our data support the notion of a continuous Wald distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Our findings have enabled us to confirm the usefulness of these syndromes as previously assessed in other independent community samples. Both can appropriately be associated with well-known risk factors of schizophrenia.
CO2 phonon mode renormalization using phonon-assisted energy up-conversion
Authors: Tanjeem Nabila , Kawazoe Tadashi , Yatsui Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMolecular dissociation under incident light whose energy is lower than the bond dissociation energy has been achieved through multi step excitation using a coupled state of a photon, electron and multimode-coherent phonon as known as the dressed photon phonon (DPP). Here, we have investigated the effects of the DPP on CO2, a very stable molecule with high absorption and dissociation energies, by introducing ZnO nanorods to generate the DPP. Then, the changes in CO2 absorption bands were evaluated using light with a wavelength longer than the absorption wavelength, which confirmed the DPP-assisted energy up-conversion. To evaluate the specific CO2 modes related to this process, we measured the CO2 vibration-rotation spectra in the near-infrared region. Detailed analysis of the 3ν3 vibrational band when a DPP source is present showed that DPP causes a significant increase in the intensity of certain absorption bands, especially those that require higher energies to activate.
Insulin-like growth factor II peptide fusion enables uptake and lysosomal delivery of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase to mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB fibroblasts
Authors: Kan Shih-hsin , Troitskaya Larisa A. , Sinow Carolyn S. , Haitz Karyn , Todd Amanda K. , Di Stefano Ariana , Le Steven Q. , Dickson Patricia I. , Tippin Brigette L. 
Published: November 2013

Enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IIIB (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB; also known as Sanfilippo B syndrome) has been hindered by inadequate mannose 6 phosphorylation and cellular uptake of rhNAGLU (recombinant human α-N-acetylglucosaminidase). We expressed and characterized a modified rhNAGLU fused to the receptor-binding motif of IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor 2) (rhNAGLU–IGF-II) to enhance its ability to enter cells using the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which is also the receptor for IGF-II (at a different binding site). RhNAGLU–IGF-II was stably expressed in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells, secreted and purified to apparent homogeneity. The Km and pH optimum of the fusion enzyme was similar to those reported for rhNAGLU. Both intracellular uptake and confocal microscopy suggested that MPS IIIB fibroblasts readily take up the fusion enzyme via receptor-mediated endocytosis that was inhibited significantly (P&lt;0.001) by the monomeric IGF-II peptide. Glycosaminoglycan storage was reduced by 60% (P&lt;0.001) to near background levels in MPS IIIB cells after treatment with rhNAGLU–IGF-II, with half-maximal correction at concentrations of 3–12 pM. A similar cellular uptake mechanism via the IGF-II receptor was also demonstrated in two different brain tumour-derived cell lines. Fusion of rhNAGLU to IGF-II enhanced its cellular uptake while maintaining enzymatic activity, supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for treating MPS IIIB.
Uniquely and arbitrarily shaped laser resonators using 2D InAsP/InP photonic crystals
Authors: Lu T.‐J. , Kim S.‐H. , Postigo P.A. , Regreny P. , Seassal C. , Scherer A. 
Published: November 2013

Uniquely and arbitrarily shaped photonic crystal laser cavities were designed, fabricated and characterised. Room temperature lasing emitting at about 1550 nm was observed for all devices when photopumped by an 830 nm wavelength pulse laser with a pulse width of 100 ns. Continuous‐wave lasing was even observed for select devices.
Memory and synaptic deficits in
Hip14/DHHC17
knockout mice
Authors: Milnerwood Austen J. , Parsons Matthew P. , Young Fiona B. , Singaraja Roshni R. , Franciosi Sonia , Volta Mattia , Bergeron Sabrina , Hayden Michael R. , Raymond Lynn A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Palmitoylation can influence the subcellular localization of various synaptic proteins; this process is therefore increasingly recognized as an important regulator of basal synaptic communication as well as activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Despite the fact that in vitro experiments indicate that many synaptic proteins can be palmitoylated by more than one palmitoyl acyltransferase (PAT), the enzymes responsible for palmitoylation, we describe in this paper various synaptic, plastic, and cognitive consequences that result from constitutive loss of a single PAT, namely Hip14/DHHC17. This reveals an important functional role for this PAT that cannot be compensated for by other existing PATs.
ORAI1 calcium channel orchestrates skin homeostasis
Authors: Vandenberghe Matthieu , Raphaël Maylis , Lehen’kyi V’yacheslav , Gordienko Dmitri , Hastie Ryan , Oddos Thierry , Rao Anjana , Hogan Patrick G. , Skryma Roman , Prevarskaya Natalia 
Published: November 2013

Significance
The epidermis of the skin is composed of keratinocytes that are organized in several layers. Basal cells divide and produce cells moving outwards the epidermis while undergoing the process of terminal differentiation, crucial for the barrier function of the skin. Calcium is an indispensible ion for differentiation, and calcium channels are of primary importance. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the Orai1 calcium channel is mainly expressed in the basal layer, functioning to negatively control differentiation. The Orai1 channel supplies calcium to sustain proliferation and, in particular, to drive migration of keratinocytes, both processes being the feature of basal keratinocytes.
Acquisition of an Archaea-like ribonuclease H domain by plant L1 retrotransposons supports modular evolution
Authors: Smyshlyaev Georgy , Voigt Franka , Blinov Alexander , Barabas Orsolya , Novikova Olga 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Transposons are jumping genes that constitute a sizeable fraction of eukaryotic genomes. They drive genome evolution and can cause genetic diseases and cancer. Although transposons were first discovered in plants and much of our knowledge about them stems from plants, the most abundant human transposon, L1, has barely been investigated in plants. In this study, we identify plant L1 retrotransposons from a variety of plant genomes and show that, similar to viruses, they evolved in a modular fashion by gaining and losing various protein-coding domains. Moreover, we find that plant L1s carry an active Archaea-like ribonuclease H (RNH) domain, suggesting that they shuttle RNH between plants, bacteria, and Archaea.
Transcription factor evolution in eukaryotes and the assembly of the regulatory toolkit in multicellular lineages
Authors: de Mendoza Alex , Sebé-Pedrós Arnau , Šestak Martin Sebastijan , Matejčić Marija , Torruella Guifré , Domazet-Lošo Tomislav , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceIndependent transitions to multicellularity in eukaryotes involved the evolution of complex transcriptional regulation toolkits to control cell differentiation. By using comparative genomics, we show that plants and animals required richer transcriptional machineries compared with other eukaryotic multicellular lineages. We suggest this is due to their orchestrated embryonic development. Moreover, our analysis of transcription factor (TF) expression patterns during the development of animals reveal links between TF evolution, species ontogeny, and the phylotypic stage.
Internalizing MHC class II–peptide complexes are ubiquitinated in early endosomes and targeted for lysosomal degradation
Authors: Furuta Kazuyuki , Walseng Even , Roche Paul A. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceAntigen-presenting cells (APCs) function as the sentinels of the immune system by ingesting foreign pathogens, generating peptide fragments of these pathogens in endo-/lysosomes, where the peptides bind to MHC class II molecules, and expressing these peptide–MHC class II complexes (pMHC-II) on the APC surface. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells scan APC surfaces for appropriate pMHC-II, and, if not recognized by T cells, pMHC-II are degraded. We now show that internalizing pMHC-II are targeted for degradation by ubiquitination by the E3 ligase March-I in early endosomes. The “arrive at the surface, internalize from the surface, become ubiquitinated, then die” life cycle for pMHC-II ensures that APCs have ample opportunity to present a wide variety of foreign antigens to the immune system.
Constitutively active UVR8 photoreceptor variant in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Heijde Marc , Binkert Melanie , Yin Ruohe , Ares-Orpel Florence , Rizzini Luca , Van De Slijke Eveline , Persiau Geert , Nolf Jonah , Gevaert Kris , De Jaeger Geert , Ulm Roman 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Sunlight is an essential environmental factor for photosynthetic plants and ultimately for life on Earth, which is sustained through plants as fundamental source of food. However, plants have a love/hate relationship with sunlight and must be protected from potentially harmful UV-B radiation. The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 is of great importance in mounting UV-protective responses and thus for survival in sunlight. Based on our understanding of UVR8 signaling, we have engineered a UVR8 variant that is constitutively active in transgenic plants. The generation of a constitutively active photoreceptor variant is an important step in understanding the molecular signaling mechanism and may hold opportunities for crop improvement.