bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Foldaxane‐based Supramolecular Muscle‐Like Switch
Authors: Waelès Philip , Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract[cn]daisy chain molecular muscle architectures are self‐assemblies of hermaphrodite monomers, which usually contain a macrocycle unit linked to a molecular thread that contains sites of interactions – i. e. molecular stations – for the macrocycle. In these multiply threaded structures, altering with control the affinity between macrocycles and stations allows for contraction and extension of the molecule, which is reminiscent of the operation of a muscle. Besides, the field that consists of combining helix and template‐containing rods to design foldaxane supramolecular assemblies is still underexplored. By using foldamer units as surrogates for macrocycles, Gan et al. reported the first supramolecular muscle‐like foldamer‐containing switch that can adopt, after chemical stimulus, either a contracted co‐conformational state or a degenerate‐like state for which a slow exchange occurred between the contracted and the stretched state.
3D printed fabrication of ultra‐structured composites of carbonyl iron powder@carbon@carbon black/polylactic acid for efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Gao Qi , Ye Xicong , He Enyi , Yan Tangming , Wang Yuemei , Ye Yongsheng , Wu Haihua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDesigning an electromagnetic wave absorber that can meet the needs of wide frequency, high efficiency, wide‐angle absorption and strong mechanical bearing capacity is still a challenge. In this paper, a core‐shell structure Carbonyl iron powder (CIP)@Carbon (C)@Carbon black (CB) composite material was prepared by coating and vacuum carbonization process. Using it as a filler, PLA as a matrix to prepare 3D printing composites. The unique structure and material distribution of CIP@C@CB gives the composite a variety of loss mechanisms that greatly improve microwave absorption capacity. Superstructure electromagnetic wave absorbers with integrating broadband microwave absorption and good mechanical bearing performance were designed and prepared by using CIP@C@CB/PLA 3D printing composites. By optimizing the parameters of this superstructure absorber, an EAB of 5.5–18 GHz is realized, and its yield limit reaches 11.5 MPa. In addition, the superstructure absorber also has excellent wide‐angle absorption capacity, with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 10GHz at 0°–40° transverse radio (TE) and 0–70° transverse magnetic wave (TM). This research offers a straightforward and effective method for crafting broadband wide‐angle absorbers that possess the added advantage of mechanical load‐bearing capacity.Highlights
The core‐shell structure was prepared by coating and carbonization processes.
The unique structure of CIP@C@CB enhances the interfacial polarization effect.
At a thickness of 2 mm, 30% CIP@C@CB/PLA achieves a maximum EAB of 5.0 GHz.
The stepped structure achieves 90% effective absorption in the 5.5–18 GHz range.
A study of college students' perspectives on marriage immigration: Relationships of multicultural acceptance
Authors: Chiang Nein‐Tsu , Ma Hsiang‐Yu , Kao Rui‐Hsin , Kao Jui‐Chung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to explore the multicultural acceptance of college students toward new immigrants and its influencing factors, the cognitive discrepancy between college students and new immigrants, and the reasons why college students exhibit prejudice, stereotypes, and social distance toward new immigrants. The questionnaire survey approach was applied for data collection. It was found that the stereotype of college students toward new immigrants was relatively positive. College students recorded a high multicultural acceptance toward new immigrants. However, in addition to the stereotype of college students toward new immigrants, there were significant differences regarding the cognition of college students and new immigrants. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that stereotype, prejudice, and social distance have significantly negative influence on multicultural acceptance. The findings of this study revealed that Taiwan is an immigrant society, and there should be greater tolerance and respect for married immigrants, to prevent conflicts between different ethnic groups. A good multicultural education would help Taiwan society accept new immigrants and establish social harmony.
Anthraquinones as organophotoredox catalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization via sequential absorption of visible light
Authors: Fu Jianmin , Liu Xiaoxia , Wu Zichen , Wei Donglei , Chen Hou , Bai Liangjiu , Wang Wenxiang , Yang Huawei , Yang Lixia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnthraquinones have been used as the organophotoredox catalysts to catalyze metal‐free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under visible light irradiation. Polymers with different molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were obtained under different reaction conditions. The “living”/controlled nature of the polymerization was confirmed by the kinetic study, light on/off experiment and the block copolymer synthesis. The anthraquinones are found to catalyze ATRP via redox mechanism via sequential absorption of visible light. Evidence supported by control experiments showed that the excited anthraquinone radical anion or semiquinone anion generated by photo‐induced single electron reduction or subsequent protonation and further reduction were responsible for the initiation/activation of the polymerization.
Quantification of interfacial adhesion of multilayer polymeric films using a custom‐built instrumented machine
Authors: Noh Kwanghae , Pham Hoang , Sue Hung‐Jue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA modified tape peel test method to determine the integrity and interlayer adhesion within a soft multi‐layer polymeric film is proposed. The new methodology will greatly improve two inconsistent and highly operator dependent ASTM D3359 and ISO 2409 tests for evaluating coating layer adhesion. The proposed test method uses an instrumented machine to make a crosshatch pattern with controlled penetration depth for consistency in the sample preparation. To ensure consistency, the processes of attaching, rubbing, and peeling a tape are automated using the same instrumented machine to allow for repeatable and operator independent test. Finally, the visual assessment to rank adhesion strength of the multi‐layer films, as instructed in the above standards, are now quantified using a mathematical reduction of the interfacial adhesion in the multilayer films based on the energy conservation principle. With the quantified interfacial adhesion obtained, meaningful structure–property relationships of soft multilayer films can be established. The proposed test is expected to be also applicable for other interfacial adhesion studies on different types of polymeric laminates.
Olivine nanoparticles for Fast Atmospheric CO2 capture at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Iozzia Manuel L. , Goto Francesco , Podestà Alessandro , Vecchi Roberta , Calloni Alberto , Lenardi Cristina , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Di Vece Marcel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo mitigate climate change, CO2 sequestration from the atmosphere is being considered as a method to reduce its greenhouse effect and subsequently lower the Earth's surface temperature. A promising approach is the storage of CO2 in minerals, of which Olivine is a promising candidate due to its Earth abundance and high CO2 absorption capacity, which is of the order of 50 wt.%. A bottleneck for Olivine carbonation is the slow reaction rate at ambient conditions, which previously resulted in supplying CO2 at extreme pressures and temperatures to force carbonation. In this study, nanoscale Olivine particles are fabricated, which due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio, reach a very high carbonation conversion at a time scale of minutes at ambient conditions. The carbonation is measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which yielded both the presence of carbonates as well as information on the Olivine oxidation state, in agreement with electron diffraction analysis. This work forms the basis for employing Olivine nanoparticles, as fabricated by the relatively simple method of magnetron sputtering, to capture CO2 from the atmosphere at economic conditions.
On the robustness of methods to account for background bias in data assimilation to uncertainties in the bias estimates
Authors: Fowler Alison M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFundamental to the theory of data assimilation is that the data (i.e., the observations and the background) provide an unbiased estimate of the true state. There are many situations when this assumption is known to be far from valid; and without bias correction (BC), significant biases will be present in the resulting analysis. Here, we compare two methods to account for biases in the background that do not require a change to the data assimilation algorithm: explicit BC and covariance inflation (CI). When the background bias is known perfectly it is clear that the BC method outperforms the CI method, in that it can completely remove the effect of the background bias whereas the CI method can only reduce it. However, the background bias can only be estimated when unbiased observations are available. A lack of unbiased observations means that the estimate of the background bias will always be subject to sample errors and structural errors due to poor assumptions about how the bias varies in space and time. Given these difficulties in estimating the background bias, the robustness of the two methods in producing an unbiased analysis is studied within an idealised linear system. It is found that the CI method is much less sensitive to errors in the background bias estimate and that a smooth estimate of the bias is crucial to the success of the BC method. However, the CI method is more sensitive to uncorrected biases in the observations.
Joint estimation of sea ice and atmospheric state from microwave imagers in operational weather forecasting
Authors: Geer Alan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSatellite‐observed microwave radiances provide information on both surface and atmosphere. For operational weather forecasting, information on atmospheric temperature, humidity, cloud, and precipitation is inferred directly using all‐sky radiance data assimilation. In contrast, information on the surface state, such as sea‐surface temperature (SST) and sea‐ice concentration (SIC), is typically provided through third‐party retrieval products. Scientifically, this is a sub‐optimal use of the observations, and practically it has disadvantages such as time delays of more than 48 h. A better solution is to estimate the surface and atmospheric state jointly from the radiance observations. This has not been possible until now, due to incomplete knowledge of the surface state and the radiative transfer that links this to the observed radiances. A new approach based on an empirical state and an empirical sea‐ice surface emissivity model is used here to add sea‐ice state estimation, including SIC, to the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts atmospheric data assimilation system. The sea‐ice state is estimated using augmented control variables at the observation locations. The resulting SIC estimates are of good quality and they highlight apparent defects in the existing OCEAN5 sea‐ice analysis. The SIC estimates can also be used to track giant icebergs, which may provide a novel maritime application for passive microwave radiances. Further, the SIC estimates should be suitable for onward use in coupled ocean–atmosphere data assimilation. There is also increased coverage of microwave observations in the proximity of sea ice, leading to improved atmospheric forecasts out to day 4 in the Southern Ocean.
Solid‐State Qubit as an On‐Chip Controller for Non‐Classical Field States
Authors: Zakharov Roman V. , Tikhonova Olga V. , Klenov Nikolay V. , Soloviev Igor I. , Antonov Vladimir N. , Yakovlev Dmitry S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA basic element of a quantum network based on two single‐mode waveguides is proposed with different frequencies connected by a solid‐state qubit. Using a simple example of a possible superconducting implementation, the usefulness of the simplifications used in the general theoretical consideration has been justified. The non‐classical field in a single‐mode with a frequency of is fed to the input of a qubit controller and transformed into a non‐classical field in an output single‐mode with a frequency of . The interface can establish a quantum connection between solid‐state and photonic flying qubits with adjustable pulse shapes and carrier frequencies. This allows quantum information to be transferred to other superconducting or atomic‐based quantum registers or chips. The peculiarities of the wave‐qubit interactions are described, showing how they help to control the quantum state of the non‐classical field. On this basis, the operating principles of solid‐state and flying qubits for the future quantum information platforms are considered.
Severe lupus pneumonitis: A case of life‐saving multimodal therapy with rituximab and corticosteroids
Authors: Aarabi Amirhossein , McGinn Stella 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSevere lupus pneumonitis is a rare and life‐threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by its rapid progression and high mortality rate. This case report describes the clinical trajectory and therapeutic management of a young Aboriginal female with established lupus nephritis who developed severe lupus pneumonitis. Despite her stable renal condition under long‐term immunosuppressive treatment, she experienced acute respiratory distress, leading to her admission to the intensive care unit and subsequent mechanical ventilation. The diagnostic process was complicated by the difficulty in obtaining tissue biopsies, necessitating reliance on clinical judgement and radiological evidence to formulate a diagnosis. The patient was treated with pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone followed by rituximab infusions, resulting in significant clinical and radiological improvement. This case highlights the importance of early and intensive immunosuppressive therapy in the management of severe lupus pneumonitis and underscores the utility of a multidisciplinary approach in overcoming diagnostic ambiguities. Furthermore, it contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of rituximab in severe lupus pneumonitis cases, offering insights into potential therapeutic avenues when conventional management strategies are inadequate or unsuitable.
Trisodium Citrate as a Double‐Edged Sword: Selective Etching Prussian Blue Analog Nanocubes into Orthogonal Frustums and Their Derivatives for Supercapacitors
Authors: Cui Xin , Ma Fangwei , Lei Guangping , Jiang Wei , Yang Xiaoyang , Liu Zeyi , Wan Jiafeng , Liu Yifu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe construction of novel structured Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) by chemical etching has attracted the most attention to PBA derivatives with outstanding performance. In this work, the unprecedented PBA orthogonal frustums are first prepared from nanocubes through a selective chemical etching approach using trisodium citrate as an etchant. The citrate ions can chelate with nickel species from the edges/corners of NiCo‐PBA nanocubes and then disintegrate NiCo‐PBAs resulting in the generation of NiCo‐PBA orthogonal frustums. The derived CoNi2S4/Co0.91S composites still inherit the original orthogonal frustum structure and possess outstanding supercapacitor performance. This study develops a popularized method to construct novel structured PBAs and brings inspiration for designing PBA‐based electrodes with advanced electrochemical performance.
An analytical survey of cyber‐physical systems in water treatment and distribution: Security challenges, intrusion detection, and future directions
Authors: Gulzar Qawsar , Mustafa Khurram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the inception of the Industrial 4.0 revolution, industrial cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) have become integral to critical infrastructures and industrial sectors, including water treatment and distribution systems. Integrating physical and digital worlds has made communication systems within these plants—comprising actuators, sensors, and controllers—vulnerable to advanced cyber‐attacks. Safeguarding the nation's critical infrastructure has thus attracted significant interest from both academia and industry. This article thoroughly examines water treatment and distribution CPSs, detailing their architectural design, devices, applications, and security standards. It analyzes various cyber‐attacks and explores CPS security vulnerabilities and their detection and mitigation techniques. Additionally, it reviews the trends in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) intrusion detection system (IDS) solutions, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The article evaluates current datasets and testbeds, identifying some of the best‐performing IDS algorithms tested on each dataset compared to previous research, which could serve as benchmarks in this field. Finally, it proposes data augmentation techniques to generate comprehensive datasets, identifies research gaps, and suggests potential improvements to enhance IDS performance.
Comparative shear performance of ultra high‐performance concrete filled pocket and longitudinal trough connector of PC composite girder with full‐depth deck
Authors: Yuan Aimin , Miao Xinge , Chen Qi , Wang Xi , Kong Hu , Wang Keqin , Wang Jingquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrestress concrete composite girders with full‐depth precast bridge deck panels (PC composite girders) have been widely utilized in civil engineering due to their high production quality, reduced construction duration, potential weight reduction, and lower life‐cycle cost. The interface shear behavior in ultra high‐performance concrete (UHPC)–normal concrete (NC) connection interface of full‐depth deck PC composite girder has been extensively studied. This study conducted seven push‐off tests to examine the shear performance of UHPC‐filled joints between precast I‐girders and full‐depth precast concrete slabs. The testing variables included the quantity, and spacing of the Ubars, as well as the type of UHPC‐filled joints (longitudinal trough connector or pocket connector). The experimental results show the quantity and spacing of Ubars have a significant impact on both the interface shear capacity and residual shear resistance. For continuous shear connectors with reserved notches specimens, the ultimate load of the 4Ubar and 6Ubar specimens increased by 93% and 194%, respectively, compared with the 2Ubar specimens. With the increase of the spacing of the Ubar, the ultimate load will decrease. When the spacing between Ubars increases from 100 to 150 mm, the normalized ultimate load decreases by 51 kN. The type of joints also plays a crucial role in determining the ultimate shear‐bearing capacity of the specimens. The Ubars in pocket connector specimens will provide a greater contribution to the ultimate shear bearing capacity than longitudinal trough connector specimens and the ultimate stress of the 4Ubar and 6Ubar pocket connector specimens are greater than that of the longitudinal trough connector specimens by 232% and 323%. The study introduces the concept of pulling angle. In the experiment, the specimen with a large length is less affected by the pulling force. The experimental results in this study can rarely be predicted well by typical equations developed in current design codes and previous studies. Therefore, a more accurate equation was developed to predict the interface shear transfer stress between precast common concrete I‐girder and full‐depth precast concrete slab with UHPC‐filled joints.
Inflammatory eye disease is a risk factor for future microscopic colitis: A nationwide population‐based matched case control study
Authors: Bergman David , Ebrahimi Fahim , Sun Jiangwei , Norin Cecilia , Mollazadegan Kaziwe , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disorder of the colon. To date, the relationship between inflammatory eye diseases and MC is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess whether inflammatory eye disease (iridocyclitis and episcleritis) is a risk factor for MC.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide matched case control study in Sweden leveraging the ESPRESSO‐study (a Swedish database containing data on all biopsies from the gastrointestinal tract from 1965 to 2017). In total, we identified 14,338 patients with biopsy‐verified MC (diagnosed from 1981 to 2017). Patients with MC were matched (by age, sex, county and year of birth) with 68,753 controls from the general population and the occurrence of preceding inflammatory eye diseases (defined as diagnosis of episcleritis or iridocyclitis) in the two groups was compared. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression conditioned on the matching variables.ResultsA majority of patients with MC were women (71.9%) and the median age at MC diagnosis was 63.3 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 50.7–72.6). Some 225 (1.6%) MC patients had an earlier record of inflammatory eye disease compared with 614 (0.9%) in controls. These figures corresponded to an aOR of 1.77 (95% CI = 1.52–2.07) for inflammatory eye diseases in patients with MC. Compared to siblings, the aOR for previous inflammatory eye diseases in MC was 1.52 (95% CI = 1.17–1.98) and patients treated with budesonide, as a proxy for clinically significant disease, had a somewhat higher aOR for previous inflammatory eye diseases.ConclusionInflammatory eye diseases are more common in patients subsequently being diagnosed with MC. Our findings highlight that these conditions may have shared causes and inflammatory pathways and are of clinical interest to gastroenterologists, ophthalmologists and general practitioners.
Effect of various saturation levels of hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber on plasticized polyvinyl chloride performance
Authors: Zhang Chundie , Chen Tingting , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) burns easily and generates a lot of smoke during combustion. In order to improve the comprehensive performance of plasticized PVC, hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) with different degrees of saturation (88%, 94% and 99%) were melt blended with plasticized PVC. Compared to the plasticized PVC without HNBR, the glass transition temperature decreased from −10.6 to −26.0°C, the initiation temperature for thermal degradation increased from 272 to 281°C, the elongation at break enlarged from 316% to 477%, and the permanent set dropped from 72% to 61% when HNBR was added to plasticized PVC at a ratio of 30 parts per hundred parts of resin. However, this resulted in a weakening of tensile strength of the plasticized PVC. Additionally, in the cone calorimetry test, the total smoke production of the PVC/HNBR blends (from 18 to 22 m2) was lower than that of the PVC control (23 m2) and the time to ignition was increased from 26 to 32 s. As a result, PVC/HNBR is expected to gain popularity in the rubber and plastic pipe, wire, and cable sheathing industries.Highlights
Plasticized PVC improves thermal stability by melt blending with HNBR.
All PVC/HNBR samples have excellent low‐temperature resistance.
The addition of HNBR decreases the burning smoke density of plasticized PVC.