bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of a Low NOX Hydrogen Combustion System for Heavy Duty Gas Turbines
Authors: York William D. , Ziminsky Willy S. , Yilmaz Ertan 
Published: July 2013

Interest in hydrogen as a primary fuel stream in heavy-duty gas turbine engines has increased as pre-combustion carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has become a viable option for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. The US Department of Energy has funded the Advanced IGCC/Hydrogen Gas Turbine Program since 2005 with an aggressive plant-level NOx target of 2 ppm @ 15% O2 for an advanced gas turbine cycle. Approaching this NOx level with highly-reactive hydrogen fuel at the conditions required is a formidable challenge that requires novel combustion technology. This study begins by measuring entitlement NOx emissions from perfectly-premixed combustion of the high-hydrogen fuels of interest.
A new premixing fuel injector for high-hydrogen fuels was designed to balance reliable, flashback-free operation, reasonable pressure drop, and low emissions. The concept relies on distributed, small-scale jet-in-crossflow mixing that is a departure from traditional swirl-based premixing concepts. Single nozzle rig experiments were conducted at pressures of 10 atm and 17 atm, with air preheat temperatures of about 650K. With nitrogen-diluted hydrogen fuel, characteristic of carbon-free syngas, stable operation without flashback was conducted up to flame temperatures of approximately 1850K. In addition to the effects of operating pressure, the impact of minor constituents in the fuel — carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane — on flame holding in the premixer is presented.
The new fuel injector concept has been incorporated into a full-scale, multi-nozzle combustor can with an energy conversion rate of more than 10 MW at F-class conditions. The full-can testing was conducted at full gas turbine conditions and various fuel compositions of hydrogen, natural gas, and nitrogen. This combustion system has accumulated over 100 hours of fired testing at full-load with hydrogen comprising over 90 percent of the reactants by volume. NOx emissions (ppm) have been measured in the single digits with hydrogen-nitrogen fuel at target gas turbine pressure and temperatures. Results of the testing show that small-scale fuel-air mixing can deliver a reliable, low-NOx solution to hydrogen combustion in advanced gas turbines.
Influence of Transverse Acoustic Modal Structure on the Forced Response of a Swirling Nozzle Flow
Authors: O’Connor Jacqueline , Lieuwen Tim 
Published: July 2013

This study describes continued investigations of the response of a swirling flow to transverse acoustic excitation. This work is motivated by transverse combustion instabilities in annular gas turbine engine architectures. This instability provides a spatially varying acoustic velocity disturbance field around the annulus, so that different nozzles encounter different acoustic disturbance fields. In this study, we simulate this effect by looking at a standing wave acoustic field where the nozzle is located at either a velocity anti-node, referred to as out-of-phase forcing, and a velocity node, referred to as in-phase forcing. The out-of-phase forcing condition provides an asymmetric forcing field about the center plane of the flow and excites an asymmetric response in the flow field; the in-phase forcing provides a symmetric forcing condition and results in symmetric flow response near the nozzzle.
The symmetric versus asymmetric flow response was measured in two ways. First, in the r-x plane where axial and radial components of velocity are measured using high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), a helical and ring vortex rollup of the shear layers is evident in the asymmetric and symmetric forcing condition, respectively. Additionally, the swirling motion of the jet is measured in the r-θ plane at two downstream locations and a spatial decomposition is used to calculate the strength of azimuthal modes in radial velocity fluctuations. At the forcing frequency, the m = 0 mode is strongly excited at the nozzle exit with symmetric forcing, while asymmetric forcing results in a strong peak in the m = 1 mode, or the first helical mode. The results in this plane of view are congruent with those in the r-x plane. Further downstream, however, the mode strengths change as the vorticity is religned and natural asymmetries of the swirling jet set in.
Finally, the low frequency self-excited motion of the vortex core was measured and characterized in the unforced flow. It is composed of an m = −1 and m = −2 mode, and the physical interpretation of these mode numbers is highlighted. High amplitude acoustic forcing decreases the amplitude of oscillation of this structure in both the in-phase and out-of-phase forcing, but to varying degrees.
Staged Premix EV Combustion in Alstom’s GT24 Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Guyot Daniel , Meeuwissen Thiemo , Rebhan Dieter 
Published: July 2013

Reducing gas turbine emissions and increasing their operational flexibility are key targets in today’s gas turbine market. In order to further reduce emissions and increase the operational flexibility of its GT24, Alstom has introduced an internally staged premix system into the GT24’s EV combustor.
This system features a rich premix mode for GT start-up and a lean premix mode for GT loading and baseload operation. The fuel gas is injected through two premix stages, one injecting fuel into the burner air slots and one injecting fuel into the centre of the burner cone. Both premix stages are in continuous operation throughout the entire operating range, i.e. from ignition to baseload, thus eliminating the previously used pilot operation during start-up with its diffusion-type flame and high levels of NOx formation.
The staged EV combustion concept is today a standard on the current GT26 and GT24. The EV burners of the GT26 are identical to the GT24 and fully retrofittable into existing GT24 engines. Furthermore, engines operating only on fuel gas (i.e. no fuel oil operation) no longer require a nitrogen purge and blocking air system so that this system can be disconnected from the GT. Only minor changes to the existing GT24 EV combustor and fuel distribution system are required.
This paper presents validation results for the staged EV burner obtained in a single burner test rig at full engine pressure, and in a GT24 field engine, which had been upgraded with the staged EV burner technology in order to reduce emissions and extend the combustor’s operational behavior.
Draft Genome Sequences of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Authors: Matyi Stephanie A. , Hoyt Peter R. , Hosoyama Akira , Yamazoe Atsushi , Fujita Nobuyuki , Gustafson John E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
is ubiquitous in nature, exhibits a multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype, and causes rare opportunistic infections. We now report two draft genome sequences of
E. meningoseptica
type strains that were sequenced independently in two laboratories.
Genome Sequences of Three Atypical Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strains, CN14, CN15, and CN16
Authors: Bolot Stéphanie , Roux Brice , Carrere Sébastien , Jiang Bo-Le , Tang Ji-Liang , Arlat Matthieu , Noël Laurent D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Xanthomonas campestris
pv. campestris is the causal agent of black rot on
Brassicaceae
. The draft genome sequences of three strains (CN14, CN15, and CN16) that are highly aggressive on
Arabidopsis
have been determined. These genome sequences present an unexpected genomic diversity in
X. campestris
pv. campestris, which will be valuable for comparative analyses.
Divergent Human Papillomavirus Associated with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis with Lung Involvement
Authors: Yuan Hang , Zhou Dan , Wang Jingang , Schlegel Richard 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
A divergent human papillomavirus (HPV), isolated from a lung lesion of a patient with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, was fully cloned, sequenced, and genetically characterized. DNA analysis revealed that the HPV contained a 10.4-kb genome, with a duplication of 2,493 bp that includes partial L1-long control region (LCR)-E6-E7-partial E1 sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of Arcticibacter svalbardensis Strain MN12-7
T
, a Member of the Family
Sphingobacteriaceae
Isolated from an Arctic Soil Sample
Authors: Shivaji S. , Ara Sreenivas , Prasad Sathish , Manasa B. Poorna , Begum Zareena , Singh Aditya , Kumar Pinnaka Anil 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The 4.69-Mb genome sequence of
Arcticibacter svalbardensis
strain MN12-7
T
, isolated from an Arctic soil sample, is reported.
Complete Genome Sequences of an Avian Orthoreovirus Isolated from Guangxi, China
Authors: Teng Liqiong , Xie Zhixun , Xie Liji , Liu Jiabo , Pang Yaoshan , Deng Xianwen , Xie Zhiqin , Fan Qing , Luo Sisi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
We report the complete genomic sequences of an avian orthoreovirus, strain GuangxiR1, isolated from a chicken flock in Guangxi Province, southern China, in 2000. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the strain is closely related to the S1133 strain, which is associated with tenosynovitis, but is far different from strain AVS-B, which is associated with runting-stunting syndrome in broilers.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Frankia
sp. Strain BCU110501, a Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacterium Isolated from Nodules of
Discaria trinevis
Authors: Wall Luis G. , Beauchemin Nicholas , Cantor Michael N. , Chaia Eugenia , Chen Amy , Detter J. Chris , Furnholm Teal , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Goodwin Lynne , Gtari Maher , Han Cliff , Han James , Huntemann Marcel , Hua Susan Xinyu , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Markowitz Victor , Mavrommatis Kostas , Mikhailova Natalia , Nordberg Henrik P. , Nouioui Imen , Ovchinnikova Galina , Pagani Ioanna , Pati Amrita , Sen Arnab , Sur Saubashya , Szeto Ernest , Thakur Subarna , Wei Chia-Lin , Woyke Tanja , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Frankia
forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with actinorhizal plants. We report a draft genome sequence for
Frankia
sp. strain BCU110501, a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium isolated from nodules of
Discaria trinevis
grown in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
Muscle injury rates in professional football increase with fixture congestion: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study
Authors: Bengtsson Håkan , Ekstrand Jan , Hägglund Martin 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe influence of fixture congestion on injury rates and team performance has only been scarcely investigated.AimTo study associations between recovery time and match load and injury rates and team performance in professional football.MethodsExposure and time loss injuries were registered prospectively from 27 teams over 11 seasons. Matches were grouped according to recovery days before each match (≤3 vs >3 days, and ≤4 vs ≥6 days). Injury rates and team performance were compared between groups. Match load in match sequences containing five consecutive matches was determined by the number of days separating the first match and the last training session during that match sequence. Linear regression was used to study associations between match load and injury rates and team performance.ResultsTeam performance showed no association with match load, or recovery days prior to matches, except for Europa League matches that indicated more matches lost with short recovery (≤3 days) (p=0.048). Total injury rates and muscle injury rates were increased in league matches with ≤4 days compared with ≥6 days’ recovery (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18, and RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.51, respectively), specifically hamstring and quadriceps injuries. High match load was associated with increase in muscle injury rate in matches in the same match sequence (p=0.012), and increase in ligament injury rate in training in the subsequent match sequence (p=0.003).ConclusionsFixture congestion was associated with increased muscle injury rates but had no, or very limited, influence on team performance.
Motor impairment and its relationship to fitness in children
Authors: Morris Martyn , Dawes Helen , Howells Ken , Janssen Roel 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to explore the physiological and perceptual limits to exercise in children with varying degrees of motor impairment, and the relationships to measures of health.Design and methodsIn a group comparison design, 35 boys aged 12–15 years completed the Movement ABC test for the assessment of motor impairment, followed by an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion for the assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Ten participants classified as having either high or no motor impairment also performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for the assessment of lower limb extensor strength.Results18 boys were classified as having high motor impairment. There was a significant difference inpeak (34.9 vs 48.5 mL kg/min),workload (12.5 vs 10.0 mL W), maximal HR (176 vs 188 bpm), maximal oxygen pulse (12.1 vs 15.9 mL beat) and MVIC (5.7 vs 9.1 Nm kg) between the high and non-motor impaired participants, respectively, (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the RER or RPE between groups.ConclusionsWhen performing cycling ergometry, perceived exertion was not a limiting factor in children with high motor impairment. The lower maximal HR, coupled with reduced movement efficiency and muscle strength reported in this group, suggests that exercise is limited by impairment at the muscular level. This finding was supported by high RER values despite low maximal HR values attained at exercise cessation and reduced maximal strength. Perception of effort is not heightened in children with high motor impairment and future-exercise interventions should be focused on improving muscular condition in these participants to enable them to be better prepared to engage in physical activity for health.
Decreasing pH of mammary gland secretions is associated with parturition and is correlated with electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares
Authors: Canisso I. F. , Ball B. A. , Troedsson M. H. , Silva E. S. M. , Davolli G. M. 
Published: July 2013

The objectives of this study were to determine pH of the mammary gland secretions and the corresponding electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares. Pregnant mares (seven primiparous and seven multiparous) were monitored daily from 310–320 days of gestation until parturition. Prefoaling mammary gland secretions were collected, and pH was immediately determined with a pH meter and pH strip test. An aliquot of prefoaling mammary secretions was frozen and stored until further analyses. After parturition, samples from day −4 to 0 (day of foaling) were thawed and electrolyte concentrations (ie, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Na+, K+ and Cl−) were determined with an automated analyser. Data were analysed via a mixed model with the mare as a random effect. Correlations were determined between pH and electrolyte concentrations by the Pearson product‐moment for each pair. There was significant reduction in pH of mammary secretions on the day of foaling (P<0.0001), and most mares (11/14) with a pH ≤7 foaled within 24 hours. There was high correlation between the two pH methods (r=0.93). Additionally, there were significant (P<0.05) increases in Ca2+ and K+ concentrations, and significant decreases in Na+ and Cl− concentrations from one day before to the day of foaling. The pH of mammary secretions was highly and significantly (P<0.001) correlated with Na+ (r=0.87), Cl− (r=0.85), Ca2+ (r=−0.88); and K+ (r=−0.80) concentrations, and moderately correlated with Mg2+ (r=−0.58). Daily evening pH measure of the mammary gland secretions can predict foaling in most mares.
Sunday Stone: an enduring metaphor of mining diseases and underground mining conditions
Authors: Pearn John H. , Gardner-Thorpe Christopher 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The occupational hazards of miners include acute trauma and death from rock falls, water inundation, explosions and the long-term effects of progressive pulmonary disease. One of the most evocative of records of the dust-laden atmosphere in which coalminers work is Sunday Stone. Specimens of Sunday Stone are preserved in the Great North Museum, the ‘Hancock’, managed by Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Sunday Stone is the name given to calcareous deposits that formed inside wooden pipes carrying wastewater from the collieries of Durham and Northumberland. Sunday Stone is composed of alternating light and dark bands, each double-band representing one 24-hour period. Water seeping into the working mines became laden with coal dust and dissolved mineral salts. The daily dark band corresponded to the working day (the ‘fore’ and ‘back’ shifts) with its heavy dust-laden atmosphere. The broader light-coloured band was laid down on Sundays during coalface downtime. Sunday Stone today comprises an enduring metaphor of the mining industry, and specimens remain as a silent but permanent witness to the conditions in which millions of underground coalminers have worked and often work today. In these banded patterns one sees the progressive struggle to improve mine safety and ventilation and the evolution of industrial preventive medicine.
Regulation of STIM1/Orai1-dependent Ca2+ signalling in platelets
Authors: Münzer Patrick , Gawaz Meinrad , Borst Oliver , Lang Florian 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPlatelet secretion and aggregation as well as thrombus formation of blood platelets critically depend on increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) mainly resulting from intracellular Ca2+ release followed by store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release activated channels (CRAC). SOCE is in part accomplished by the pore forming unit Orai and its regulator stromal interaction molecule (STIM). Orai1 and STIM1 transcription is stimulated by NFkB (nuclear factor kappa B). Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) up-regulates NFkB-activity in megakaryocytes and thus Orai1- expression and SOCE in platelets. SGK1 is thus a powerful regulator of platelet Ca2+-signalling and thrombus formation and presumably participates in the regulation of platelet activation by a variety of hormones as well as clinical conditions (e.g. type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome) associated with platelet hyperaggregability and increased risk of thromboocclusive events. SOCE in platelets is further regulated by scaffolding protein Homer and chaperone protein cyclophilin A (CyPA). Additional potential regulators of Orai1/STIM1 and thus SOCE in platelets include AMP activated kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), reactive oxygen species, lipid rafts, pH and mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering. Future studies are required defining the significance of those mechanisms for platelet Orai1 abundance and function, for SOCE into platelets and for platelet function in cardiovascular diseases.
More than a simple storage organ: Adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rega-Kaun Gersina , Kaun Christoph , Wojta Johann 
Published: July 2013

SummaryOverweight and obesity in many countries have developed into a serious health problem by themselves and by their impact on other pathologies such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and cancer. The modulation of these diseases by adipose tissue-derived biomolecules, so-called adipokines, could be the key to differentiate between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. This review will discuss the pathophysiological role of selected adipokines, primarily focusing on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight possible therapeutic approaches, which target these biomolecules.
Plasma kallikrein: the bradykinin-producing enzyme
Authors: Björkqvist Jenny , Jämsä Anne , Renné Thomas 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPlasma prekallikrein is the liver-derived precursor of the trypsin-like serine protease plasma kallikrein (PK) and circulates in plasma bound to high molecular weight kininogen. The zymogen is converted to PK by activated factor XII. PK drives multiple proteolytic reaction cascades in the cardiovascular system such as the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, the kallikrein-kinin system, the fibrinolytic system, the renin-angiotensin system and the alternative complement pathway. Here, we review the biochemistry and cell biology of PK and focus on recent in vivo studies that have established important functions of the protease in procoagulant and proinflammatory disease states. Targeting PK offers novel strategies not previously appreciated to interfere with thrombosis and vascular inflammation in a broad variety of diseases.
Comparison of calibrated chromogenic anti-Xa assay and PT tests with LC-MS/MS for the therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with rivaroxaban
Authors: Tamigniau Anne , Chatelain Bernard , Chatelain Christian , Wallemacq Pierre , Dogné Jean-Michel , Mullier François , Douxfils Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPossibilities to monitor rivaroxaban therapy could be useful in certain circumstances. Prothrombin time (PT) or chromogenic anti-Xa assays such as the Biophen Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor® (DiXaI) have been proposed to estimate rivaroxaban concentrations but are mainly based on in vitro studies. The study aim was to compare PT and Biophen DiXaI® measurements with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurements in plasma samples from patients treated with Xarelto®. Fifty-two plasma samples were included. PT was performed using Innovin® and Triniclot PT Excel S®. Biophen DiXaI® was performed according to instructions from the manufacturer. The rivaroxaban plasma concentration ranged between 0 and 485 ng/ml as measured by LC-MS/MS. The limits of quantification were 30 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml for Biophen DiXaI® and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The linear correlation between Biophen DiXaI® and LC-MS/ MS analyses was high for all rivaroxaban concentrations (r2 = 0.95). For concentrations ≤100 ng/ml, r2-value was 0.83. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of −16 ng/ml (SD: 25 ng/ml). The PT methods did not correlate well with plasma concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS (r2 ≈ 0.60). In conclusion, the important interindividual variability and the poor correlation with LC-MS/MS preclude the use of PT to estimate rivaroxaban concentrations. Thanks to its small inter-individual variability and good agreement with LC-MS/ MS measurements, we recommend the use of Biophen DiXaI® assays to estimate concentrations of rivaroxaban >30 ng/ml. Quantification of low rivaroxaban levels (<30 ng/ml) requires the LC-MS/MS method.