bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional Interactions of α‐Particles with FOX‐7. A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFOX‐7 is exposed to the effects of α‐particles from selected directions of approach. Various energies and properties of these composite FOX‐7 systems (FOX‐7+α‐particle) are obtained. The effect of α‐particles on FOX‐7 is drastic. The CC double bond turns into a single bond and one of the CNO2 bonds highly elongates. The approach from the side of amino groups results more stable composite system compared to the approach from the side of nitro groups.
Morphological Awareness in Vocabulary Acquisition Among Chinese‐Speaking Children: Testing Partial Mediation via Lexical Inference Ability
Authors: Zhang Haomin (Stanley) 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Chinese‐specific morphological awareness on vocabulary acquisition among young Chinese‐speaking students. The participants were 288 Chinese‐speaking second graders from three different cities in China. Multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to uncover the mediated and unmediated effects of morphological awareness on reading vocabulary knowledge. Results showed that both morphological awareness and lexical inference ability significantly contributed to reading vocabulary knowledge after each factor was controlled for. The ability to extract sublexical morphological information (in the form of derivational awareness and compound awareness) significantly predicted the students' reading vocabulary. More importantly, the study revealed that morphological awareness made a significant indirect contribution to reading vocabulary via lexical inference ability. Findings suggest that morphological awareness enhances young Chinese students' reading vocabulary acquisition by the partial mediation of their lexical inference ability.
The height of random k‐trees and related branching processes
Authors: Cooper Colin , Frieze Alan , Uehara Ryuhei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe consider the height of random k‐trees and k‐Apollonian networks. These random graphs are not really trees, but instead have a tree‐like structure. The height will be the maximum distance of a vertex from the root. We show that w.h.p. the height of random k‐trees and k‐Apollonian networks is asymptotic to c log t, where t is the number of vertices, and c = c(k) is given as the solution to a transcendental equation. The equations are slightly different for the two types of process. In the limit as k →∞ the height of both processes is asymptotic to . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 675–702, 2014
P2X7 Receptors Mediate Innate Phagocytosis by Human Neural Precursor Cells and Neuroblasts
Authors: Lovelace Michael D. , Gu Ben J. , Eamegdool Steven S. , Weible Michael W. , Wiley James S. , Allen David G. , Chan-Ling Tailoi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
During early human neurogenesis there is overproduction of neuroblasts and neurons accompanied by widespread programmed cell death (PCD). While it is understood that CD68+ microglia and astrocytes mediate phagocytosis during target-dependent PCD, little is known of the cell identity or the scavenger molecules used to remove apoptotic corpses during the earliest stages of human neurogenesis. Using a combination of multiple-marker immunohistochemical staining, functional blocking antibodies and antagonists, we showed that human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroblasts express functional P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, using live-cell imaging, flow cytometry, phagocytic assays, and siRNA knockdown, we showed that in a serum-free environment, doublecortin+ (DCX) neuroblasts and hNPCs can clear apoptotic cells by innate phagocytosis mediated via P2X7. We found that both P2X7highDCXlow hNPCs and P2X7highDCXhigh neuroblasts, derived from primary cultures of human fetal telencephalon, phagocytosed targets including latex beads, apoptotic ReNcells, and apoptotic hNPC/neuroblasts. Pretreatment of neuroblasts and hNPCs with 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 100 µM OxATP (P2X7 antagonist), or siRNA knockdown of P2X7 inhibited phagocytosis of these targets. Our results show that P2X7 functions as a scavenger receptor under serum-free conditions resembling those in early neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration that hNPCs and neuroblasts may participate in clearance of apoptotic corpses during pre target-dependent neurogenesis and mediate phagocytosis using P2X7 as a scavenger receptor. Stem Cells 2015;33:526–541
Functional Regulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by PDGF-D
Authors: Hye Kim Ji , Gyu Park Sang , Kim Wang-Kyun , Song Sun U. , Sung Jong-Hyuk 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) was recently identified, and acts as potent mitogen for mesenchymal cells. PDGF-D also induces cellular transformation and promotes tumor growth. However, the functional role of PDGF-D in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has not been identified. Therefore, we primarily investigated the autocrine and paracrine roles of PDGF-D in this study. Furthermore, we identified the signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms involved in PDGF-D-induced stimulation of ASCs. It is of interest that PDGF-B is not expressed, but PDGF-D and PDGF receptor-β are expressed in ASCs. PDGF-D showed the strongest mitogenic effect on ASCs, and PDGF-D regulates the proliferation and migration of ASCs through the PI3K/Akt pathways. PDGF-D also increases the proliferation and migration of ASCs through generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitochondrial fission. mtROS generation and fission were mediated by p66Shc phosphorylation, and BCL2-related protein A1 and Serpine peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 mediated the proliferation and migration of ASCs. In addition, PDGF-D upregulated the mRNA expression of diverse growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor A, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), FGF5, leukemia inhibitory factor, inhibin, beta A, interleukin 11, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Therefore, the preconditioning of PDGF-D enhanced the hair-regenerative potential of ASCs. PDGF-D-induced growth factor expression was attenuated by a pharmacological inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In summary, PDGF-D is highly expressed by ASCs, where it acts as a potent mitogenic factor. PDGF-D also upregulates growth factor expression in ASCs. Therefore, PDGF-D can be considered a novel ASC stimulator, and used as a preconditioning agent before ASC transplantation. Stem Cells 2015;33:542–556
Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuate Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Maintain Graft-Versus-Leukemia Activity Following Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Auletta Jeffery J. , Eid Saada K. , Wuttisarnwattana Patiwet , Silva Ines , Metheny Leland , Keller Matthew D. , Guardia-Wolff Rocio , Liu Chen , Wang Fangjing , Bowen Theodore , Lee Zhenghong , Solchaga Luis A. , Ganguly Sudipto , Tyler Megan , Wilson David L. , Cooke Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We sought to define the effects and underlying mechanisms of human, marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) activity. Irradiated B6D2F1 mice given C57BL/6 BM and splenic T cells and treated with hMSCs had reduced systemic GvHD, donor T-cell expansion, and serum TNFα and IFNγ levels. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that hMSCs redistributed from lungs to abdominal organs within 72 hours, and target tissues harvested from hMSC-treated allogeneic BMT (alloBMT) mice had less GvHD than untreated controls. Cryoimaging more precisely revealed that hMSCs preferentially distributed to splenic marginal zones and regulated T-cell expansion in the white pulp. Importantly, hMSCs had no effect on in vitro cytotoxic T-cell activity and preserved potent GvL effects in vivo. Mixed leukocyte cultures containing hMSCs exhibited decreased T-cell proliferation, reduced TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-10 but increased PGE2 levels. Indomethacin and E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor antagonisms both reversed while EP2 agonism restored hMSC-mediated in vitro T-cell suppression, confirming the role for PGE2. Furthermore, cyclo-oxygenase inhibition following alloBMT abrogated the protective effects of hMSCs. Together, our data show that hMSCs preserve GvL activity and attenuate GvHD and reveal that hMSC biodistribute to secondary lymphoid organs wherein they attenuate alloreactive T-cell proliferation likely through PGE2 induction. Stem Cells 2015;33:601–614
Comparative FAIRE-seq Analysis Reveals Distinguishing Features of the Chromatin Structure of Ground State- and Primed-Pluripotent Cells
Authors: Murtha Matthew , Strino Francesco , Tokcaer-Keskin Zeynep , Sumru Bayin N. , Shalabi Doaa , Xi Xiangmei , Kluger Yuval , Dailey Lisa 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Both pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), established from preimplantation murine blastocysts, and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), established from postimplantation embryos, can self-renew in culture or differentiate into each of the primary germ layers. While the core transcription factors (TFs) OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG are expressed in both cell types, the gene expression profiles and other features suggest that ESCs and EpiSCs reflect distinct developmental maturation stages of the epiblast in vivo. Accordingly, “naïve” or “ground state” ESCs resemble cells of the inner cell mass, whereas “primed” EpiSCs resemble cells of the postimplantation egg cylinder. To gain insight into the relationship between naïve and primed pluripotent cells, and of each of these pluripotent states to that of nonpluripotent cells, we have used FAIRE-seq to generate a comparative atlas of the accessible chromatin regions within ESCs, EpiSCs, multipotent neural stem cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We find a distinction between the accessible chromatin patterns of pluripotent and somatic cells that is consistent with the highly related phenotype of ESCs and EpiSCs. However, by defining cell-specific and shared regions of open chromatin, and integrating these data with published gene expression and ChIP analyses, we also illustrate unique features of the chromatin of naïve and primed cells. Functional studies suggest that multiple stage-specific enhancers regulate ESC- or EpiSC-specific gene expression, and implicate auxiliary TFs as important modulators for stage-specific activation by the core TFs. Together these observations provide insights into the chromatin structure dynamics accompanying transitions between these pluripotent states. Stem Cells 2015;33:378–391
Pwp1 Is Required for the Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Through Regulating Stat3 Signaling
Authors: Shen Junwei , Jia Wenwen , Yu Yangyang , Chen Jie , Cao Xinkai , Du Yanhua , Zhang Xiaobai , Zhu Songcheng , Chen Wen , Xi Jiajie , Wei Tingyi , Wang Guiying , Yuan Detian , Duan Tao , Jiang Cizhong , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor/Stat3 signaling is critical for maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, the upstream effectors of this pathway have not been clearly defined. Here, we show that periodic tryptophan protein 1 (Pwp1), a WD-40 repeat-containing protein associated with histone H4 modification, is required for the exit of mESCs from the pluripotent state into all lineages. Knockdown (KD) of Pwp1 does not affect mESC proliferation, self-renewal, or apoptosis. However, KD of Pwp1 impairs the differentiation potential of mESCs both in vitro and in vivo. PWP1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq results revealed that the PWP1-occupied regions were marked with significant levels of H4K20me3. Moreover, Pwp1 binds to sites in the upstream region of Stat3. KD of Pwp1 decreases the level of H4K20me3 in the upstream region of Stat3 gene and upregulates the expression of Stat3. Furthermore, Pwp1 KD mESCs recover their differentiation potential through suppressing the expression of Stat3 or inhibiting the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. Together, our results suggest that Pwp1 plays important roles in the differentiation potential of mESCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:661–673
Correlation of observed‐to‐expected total fetal lung volume with intrathoracic organ herniation on magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Nawapun K. , Eastwood M. , Sandaite I. , DeKoninck P. , Claus F. , Richter J. , Rayyan M. , Deprest J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo assess using fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the relationship between the position of the stomach as well as the volume of herniation of organs into the thorax, and the observed‐to‐expected total fetal lung volume (o/e‐TFLV), as a measure of pulmonary hypoplasia, in fetuses with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (LCDH).MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study using archived MR images from fetuses > 20 weeks' gestation evaluated for isolated LCDH over an 11‐year period between July 2002 and September 2013. We retrieved data on the gestational age at MRI, o/e‐TFLV and liver position. Images were also reviewed by a single operator to determine retrospectively the position of the stomach as well as the proportion of the total thorax volume occupied by the herniated fetal liver, stomach and other viscera. Following confirmation of reproducibility, we assessed the correlation of intrathoracic organ volumes and stomach position with o/e‐TFLV.ResultsThe study included 205 fetuses which underwent a total of 259 MR examinations. The reproducibility of organ volume measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.928–0.997). The average time spent to obtain intrathoracic organ volumes ranged from 2.28 to 5.13 min. Of all herniated organ‐to‐thoracic volume ratios, the liver‐to‐thoracic volume ratio had the strongest correlation with o/e‐TFLV (ρ = −0.429, P<0.0001). Stomach volume did not correlate, although, when categorized by the position and extent of stomach herniation, there was an inverse relationship to o/e‐TFLV. No intrathoracic organ‐to‐thoracic volume ratio was related to gestational age.ConclusionsWe observed in fetuses with isolated LCDH an inverse relationship between lung volume and the amount of liver herniated as well as the position of the stomach in the chest. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Study on Material Workability by Upsetting of Non-Axisymmetric Specimens by Flat Dies
Authors: Alexandrov S. , Vilotic M. , Jeng Y.-R. , Plancak M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUpsetting is a typical test for determining the workability diagram. In most cases axisymmetric samples are used for such tests. However, the shape of samples may have a significant effect on the ductile fracture initiation. Therefore, a greater variety of sample geometry should lead to a more accurate shape of the workability diagram. A difficulty here is that a theoretical treatment of samples in which three-dimensional flow occurs is more difficult and time consuming as compared to axisymmetric samples under axisymmetric loading. This difficulty can be overcome in the case of the ductile fracture criterion based on the workability diagram and the average value of the triaxiality factor. In particular, if fracture occurs at free surfaces then it is sufficient to determine experimentally in-surface strains after several stages of the upsetting process, up to the initiation of ductile fracture. After that, the corresponding point of the workability diagram can be found by means of a simple analytical procedure and numerical integration. This approach is used in the present paper to correct the workability diagram using non-axisymmetric upsetting of five different samples made of steel. Some previous results are combined with the new results to obtain the workability diagram over a wide range of the triaxiality factor.
Integrated brachiopod-based bioevents and sequence-stratigraphic framework for a Late Ordovician subpolar platform, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco
Authors: COLMENAR JORGE , ÁLVARO J. JAVIER 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Upper Ordovician (Katian–Hirnantian) brachiopods of Tafilalt, eastern Anti-Atlas, are locally abundant, diverse and well preserved, providing a near-continuous record of faunal change on a high-latitude siliciclastic-dominated platform. A chronostratigraphic framework, based on brachiopod distribution and preservation in shell accumulation events and integrated with sequence stratigraphy, has been generated for the Katian interval, which has allowed correlation with the chitinozoan-based chronostratigraphic and sequence-stratigraphic framework erected for the central Anti-Atlas. In Tafilalt, two Katian (transgressive–regressive) composite depositional sequences,c. 60 and 170 m thick and related to third-order fluctuations in sea level, were unaffected by Hirnantian glaciogenic erosion. They were deposited on a mixed platform with a bryonoderm association dominated by brachiopods, bryozoans and echinoderms. Brachiopods developed in high-energy inner shelf areas, whereas bryozoans (mainly trepostomates and fenestrates) and pelmatozoans (cystoids and crinoids) dominated in low-energy outer shelf areas. Brachiopod accumulations mark distinct event surfaces, such as lag and event concentrations, hydraulic simple and composite concentrations related to transgressive surfaces, and hiatal condensed concentrations marking maximum flooding surfaces. The taphonomic condensation displayed by the Hirnantian Alnif Member, which onlaps the erosive base of glaciogenic tunnel channels, is explained as reworking and resedimentation of allochthonous, robust, biogenic hard parts sourced from the underlying (Katian) Ktaoua Group.
Central Banks at War
Authors: Poast Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWar is expensive—troops must be equipped and weapons must be procured. When the enormous borrowing requirements of war make the sovereigns' credibility problem more difficult, central banks enhance a government's ability to borrow. By being the sole direct purchaser of government debt, the central bank increases the effective punishment that can be imposed on the government for defaulting on the marginal lender. This increases lenders' confidence that the government will be punished in case of default, making lenders willing to purchase the debt at a lower rate of interest. The sovereign, dependent on the low borrowing costs offered by the central bank, has an incentive to retain the bank. Data covering the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reveal that possessing a central bank lowers the sovereign's borrowing costs, particularly during times of war.
Cost-effectiveness of preventing first-episode psychosis in ultra-high-risk subjects: multi-centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ising H. K. , Smit F. , Veling W. , Rietdijk J. , Dragt S. , Klaassen R. M. C. , Savelsberg N. S. P. , Boonstra N. , Nieman D. H. , Linszen D. H. , Wunderink L. , van der Gaag M. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAlthough there is evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for psychosis among ultra-high-risk (UHR) groups, health economic evaluations are lacking. This study aimed to determine the cost effectiveness and cost–utility of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to prevent first-episode psychosis.MethodThe Dutch Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation study was a randomized controlled trial of 196 UHR patients with an 18-month follow-up. All participants were treated with routine care (RC) for non-psychotic disorders. The experimental group (n = 95) received add-on CBT to prevent first-episode psychosis. We report the intervention, medical and travel costs, as well as costs arising from loss of productivity. Treatment response was defined as psychosis-free survival and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained.ResultsIn the cost-effectiveness analysis, the proportion of averted psychoses was significantly higher in the CBT condition (89.5%v.76.2%). CBT showed a 63.7% probability of being more cost effective, because it was less costly than RC by US$844 (£551) per prevented psychosis. In the cost–utility analysis, QALY health gains were slightly higher for CBT than for RC (0.60v.0.57) and the CBT intervention had a 52.3% probability of being the superior treatment because, for equal or better QALY gains, the costs of CBT were lower than those of RC.ConclusionsAdd-on preventive CBT for UHR resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of first psychosis. QALY gains show little difference between the two conditions. The CBT intervention proved to be cost saving.
Water bouncing robots: a first step toward large-scale water running robots
Authors: Gallina Paolo , Bulian Gabriele , Mosetti Giovanni 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYRobots running on water have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decades as an alternative to conventional aquatic propulsion mechanisms. Up to now, a large scale robot capable of running on water has not been realized. Bouncing on water is a prerequisite for running on water. For this reason, the development of a water bouncing robot represents a necessary first step. The paper presents the model of a 2-degree-of-freedom water bouncing robot inspired by the pogo-stick, a device for jumping off the ground in a standing position. An analytical model of the impact force between “robot's foot” and water is provided for both water-entry and water-exit phases. Such a model has been integrated in a dynamic simulation of whole robot. The model represents a useful and general framework to gain an insight into the parameters that characterize the efficiency of robot.
End-of-Life Family Caregiving for Older Parents in China’s Rural Anhui Province
Authors: Zuo Dongmei , Li Shuzhuo , Mao Weiyu , Chi Iris 
Published: October 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné les corrélats de la prestation de soins de la fin de vie fournis par les enfants adultes à leurs parents âgés et le rôle du sexe des enfants adultes en soins familiaux dans la Chine rurale. Les données proviennent de cinq vagues de l'Étude longitudinale du bien-être des personnes âgées en milieu rural dans la province de l'Anhui, en Chine, pendant 12 ans, et d'une enquête post-mortalité. On a utilisé la modélisation linéaire hiérarchique . Les résultats ont montré que l'ordre de naissance des enfants adultes, la distance géographique antérieure, et l'échange du soutien intergénérationnel antérieur étaient significativement associés à la prestation de soins de famille de la fin de vie. Les enfants les plus âgés, par rapport à d'autres frères et sœurs, fourni les plus grand soins de fin de vie pour leurs parents. Les enfants qui cohabitent avec les parents plus âgés avant leur mort, par rapport à d'autres enfants des mêmes parents, ont offert les plus grands soins. Les enfants adultes qui avaient déjà échangé le soutien instrumental avec les parents âgés avant la mort, en particulier les fils, tendaient à fournir le plus grands soins en fin de vie, par rapport à ceux d'autres.