bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and annual survival in a temperate passerine: partitioning seasonal effects and predicting future patterns
Authors: Gullett Philippa , Evans Karl L. , Robinson Robert A. , Hatchwell Ben J. 
Published: March 2014

Predicting climate change impacts on population size requires detailed understanding of how climate influences key demographic rates, such as survival. This knowledge is frequently unavailable, even in well‐studied taxa such as birds. In temperate regions, most research into climatic effects on annual survival in resident passerines has focussed on winter temperature. Few studies have investigated potential precipitation effects and most assume little impact of breeding season weather. We use a 19‐year capture–mark–recapture study to provide a rare empirical analysis of how variation in temperature and precipitation throughout the entire year influences adult annual survival in a temperate passerine, the long‐tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus. We use model averaging to predict longer‐term historical survival rates, and future survival until the year 2100. Our model explains 73% of the interannual variation in survival rates. In contrast to current theory, we find a strong precipitation effect and no effect of variation in winter weather on adult annual survival, which is correlated most strongly to breeding season (spring) weather. Warm springs and autumns increase annual survival, but wet springs reduce survival and alter the form of the relationship between spring temperature and annual survival. There is little evidence for density dependence across the observed variation in population size. Using our model to estimate historical survival rates indicates that recent spring warming has led to an upward trend in survival rates, which has probably contributed to the observed long‐term increase in the UK long‐tailed tit population. Future climate change is predicted to further increase survival, under a broad range of carbon emissions scenarios and probabilistic climate change outcomes, even if precipitation increases substantially. We demonstrate the importance of considering weather over the entire annual cycle, and of considering precipitation and temperature in combination, in order to develop robust predictive models of demographic responses to climate change.SynthesisPrediction of climate change impacts demands understanding of how climate influences key demographic rates. In our 19‐year mark‐recapture study of long‐tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, weather explained 73% of the inter‐annual variation in adult survival; warm springs and autumns increased survival, wet springs reduced survival, but winter weather had little effect. Robust predictions thus require consideration of the entire annual cycle and should not focus solely on temperature. Unexpectedly, survival appeared not to be strongly density‐dependent, so we use historical climate data to infer that recent climate change has enhanced survival over the four decades in which the UK long‐tailed tit population has more than doubled. Furthermore, survival rates in this species are predicted to further increase under a wide range of future climate scenarios.
Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses
Authors: De Keyser K. , Janssens S. , Peeters L.M. , Foqué N. , Gasthuys F. , Oosterlinck M. , Buys N. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryGenetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL)‐associated traits in Belgian Draught Horses were estimated, using a multitrait animal model. Clinical scores of CPL in the four limbs/horse (CPLclin), skinfold thickness and hair samples (hair diameter) were studied. Due to CPLclin uncertainty in younger horses (progressive CPL character), a restricted data set (D_3+) was formed, excluding records from horses under 3 years from the complete data set (D_full). Age, gender, coat colour and limb hair pigmentation were included as fixed, permanent environment and date of recording as random effects. Higher CPLclin certainty (D_3+) increased heritability coefficients of, and genetic correlations between traits, with CPLclin heritabilities (SE) for the respective data sets: 0.11 (0.06) and 0.26 (0.05). A large proportion of the CPLclin variance was attributed to the permanent environmental effect in D_full, but less in D_3+. Date of recording explained a proportion of variance from 0.09 ± 0.03 to 0.61 ± 0.08. Additive genetic correlations between CPLclin and both skinfold thickness and hair diameter showed the latter two traits cannot be used as a direct diagnostic aid for CPL. Due to the relatively low heritability of CPLclin, selection should focus on estimated breeding values (from repeated clinical examinations) to reduce CPL occurrence in the Belgian Draught Horse.
Pilot Study of the Korean Parent Training Program Using a Partial Group‐Randomized Experimental Study
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Cain Kevin , Boutain Doris , Chun Jin‐Joo , Kim Sangho , Im Hyesang 
Published: March 2014

ProblemKorean American (KA) parents need a culturally tailored parent training that helps them bridge the Korean and American cultures and divergent parenting practices.MethodsThe Korean Parent Training Program (KPTP) was pilot tested with 48 KA mothers of children between 3 and 8 years old using a partial group‐randomized controlled experimental study design. Researchers gathered self‐report survey and observation data.FindingsAnalyses, which used generalized estimating equations, indicated the intervention group mothers increased use of effective parenting practices and their children decreased behavioral problems and reported less acculturation conflict with their mothers.ConclusionThe KPTP is a promising way to promote effective parenting and increase positive child mental health in KA families.
Efficacy of periodontal plastic procedures in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Gennai Stefano , Roldán Silvia , Discepoli Nicola , Buti Jacpop , Madianos Phoebus , Herrera David 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of periodontal plastic procedures (PPP) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions (MGR).MethodsRandomized clinical trials (RCT) on MGR treatment with at least 6 months duration were identified through electronic databases and hand‐searched journals. Primary outcomes were complete root coverage (CRC) and percentage of root coverage (PRC). Weighted means and forest plots were calculated for all PPP. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of flap. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NM) on secondary outcomes was also performed.ResultsNine trials including 208 subjects and 858 recessions were identified. CRC after PPP was 24–89%. Mean weighted PRC was 86.27% (95% CI 80.71–91.83; p < 0.01). Heterogeneity of the literature prevented inter‐techniques comparison. Coronally advanced flap (CAF) shows the higher variability in terms of CRC. Modified CAF and tunnel approaches show higher level of CRC. The NM suggests that CAF plus graft showed the higher probability of being the best treatment.ConclusionsLimited evidence is available for MGR coverage. PPP are associated with high level of efficacy, in terms of PRC, and high variability of CRC. Indirect evidence indicates that CAF may benefit from newer variations of the technique and by the additional use of grafting.
Fundamental principles in periodontal plastic surgery and mucosal augmentation – a narrative review
Authors: Burkhardt Rino , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo provide a narrative review of the current literature elaborating on fundamental principles of periodontal plastic surgical procedures.MethodsBased on a presumptive outline of the narrative review, MESH terms have been used to search the relevant literature electronically in the PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration databases. If possible, systematic reviews were included. The review is divided into three phases associated with periodontal plastic surgery: a) pre‐operative phase, b) surgical procedures and c) post‐surgical care. The surgical procedures were discussed in the light of a) flap design and preparation, b) flap mobilization and c) flap adaptation and stabilization.ResultsPre‐operative paradigms include the optimal plaque control and smoking counselling. Fundamental principles in surgical procedures address basic knowledge in anatomy and vascularity, leading to novel appropriate flap designs with papilla preservation. Flap mobilization based on releasing incisions can be performed up to 5 mm. Flap adaptation and stabilization depend on appropriate wound bed characteristics, undisturbed blood clot formation, revascularization and wound stability through adequate suturing.ConclusionDelicate tissue handling and tension free wound closure represent prerequisites for optimal healing outcomes.
Surgical techniques on periodontal plastic surgery and soft tissue regeneration: Consensus Report of Group 3 of the 10th European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Simion Massimo ,   Working Group 3 of the European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe scope was to review the three main clinical indications in periodontal plastic surgical procedures.AimsTo review the fundamental principles in periodontal plastic surgery, the main surgical designs in flap surgery applied to the treatment of recessions, peri‐implant soft tissue deficiencies and soft tissue ridge augmentation, as well as the surgical principles of using autologous connective tissue grafts and soft tissue substitutes.Fundamental Principles in Plastic SurgeryIn the pre‐operative phase, the key elements are the control of prognostic factors affecting the patient, namely oral hygiene, tobacco smoking cessation and systemic disease control. In the operative phase, the principles of flap design, mobilization, advancement, adaptation and stabilization. In the post‐operative phase infection control, including effective oral hygiene measures, antiseptic treatment and other medications.Critical Elements in Flap Design and Surgical ExecutionIn single recession defects, the most widely used flap technique is the coronally advanced flap and in specific clinical situations the laterally positioned flap. In multiple recession defects, the number of defects and their location and depth guide the surgical design, being one design with and the other without vertical releasing incisions. When flaps are used in combination with grafts the tunnel flap is also used extensively.Critical Elements in the Use of Soft Tissue Replacement GraftsThe key elements are the donor site selection and harvesting technique, its tissue integration and volume stability.Clinical RecommendationsGiven the current evidence, various clinical recommendations on the use of flaps and grafts are provided.
Clinical efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery procedures: Consensus Report of Group 2 of the 10th European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Jepsen Søren ,   Working Group 2 of the European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe scope of the discussions of this consensus report was to assess the strength of the scientific evidence and make clinical and research recommendations for surgical interventions to cover exposed root surfaces and enhance soft tissues at implants.MethodsDiscussions were informed by three systematic reviews covering single recessions, multiple recessions and soft‐tissue deficiencies at implants. The strength of the evidence was assessed using a modification in GRADE. The group also emphasized the need to report the experience of the surgeon and the performance of the control intervention (CONSORT guidelines for non‐pharmacological treatment).ResultsA moderate strength of evidence supported the following statements for single (moderately deep, mostly maxillary) recessions without inter‐dental attachment loss: (i) The addition of a connective tissue graft (CTG) improved outcomes of coronally advanced flaps (CAF). (ii) The addition of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) improved the outcomes of CAF. For multiple recessions, preliminary data indicate that flaps specifically designed to treat this condition are worthy of additional attention. Emerging data indicate that it is possible to obtain complete root coverage at sites with some inter‐dental attachment loss. With regards to soft‐tissue deficiencies at implants, several procedures are available, but great heterogeneity among studies does not allow drawing conclusions at this time.ConclusionsThe group highlighted that periodontal plastic procedures are complex, technique‐sensitive interventions that require advanced skills and expertise. At single recessions, the addition of autologous CTG or EMD under CAF improves complete root coverage and may be considered the procedure of choice at maxillary anterior and premolar teeth. The adjunctive benefit needs to be put in the context of increased morbidity of the donor area or increased cost. Additional research is needed to: (i) assess the role of alternatives to autologous soft‐tissue grafting in combination with CAF; (ii) identify the optimal surgical design and the need for additional soft‐tissue grafting (or alternatives) at multiple recessions, recessions with inter‐dental attachment loss and soft‐tissue deficiencies at implants.
Effects of a green tea extract, Polyphenon E, on systemic biomarkers of growth factor signalling in women with hormone receptor‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Crew K. D. , Ho K. A. , Brown P. , Greenlee H. , Bevers T. B. , Arun B. , Sneige N. , Hudis C. , McArthur H. L. , Chang J. , Rimawi M. , Cornelison T. L. , Cardelli J. , Santella R. M. , Wang A. , Lippman S. M. , Hershman D. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundObservational and experimental data support a potential breast cancer chemopreventive effect of green tea.MethodsWe conducted an ancillary study using archived blood/urine from a phase IB randomised, placebo‐controlled dose escalation trial of an oral green tea extract, Polyphenon E (Poly E), in breast cancer patients. Using an adaptive trial design, women with stage I–III breast cancer who completed adjuvant treatment were randomised to Poly E 400 mg (n = 16), 600 mg (n = 11) and 800 mg (n = 3) twice daily or matching placebo (n = 10) for 6 months. Blood and urine collection occurred at baseline, and at 2, 4 and 6 months. Biological endpoints included growth factor [serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], lipid (serum cholesterol, triglycerides), oxidative damage and inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsFrom July 2007‐August 2009, 40 women were enrolled and 34 (26 Poly E, eight placebo) were evaluable for biomarker endpoints. At 2 months, the Poly E group (all dose levels combined) compared to placebo had a significant decrease in mean serum HGF levels (−12.7% versus +6.3%, P = 0.04). This trend persisted at 4 and 6 months but was no longer statistically significant. For the Poly E group, serum VEGF decreased by 11.5% at 2 months (P = 0.02) and 13.9% at 4 months (P = 0.05) but did not differ compared to placebo. At 2 months, there was a trend toward a decrease in serum cholesterol with Poly E (P = 0.08). No significant differences were observed for other biomarkers.ConclusionsOur findings suggest potential mechanistic actions of tea polyphenols in growth factor signalling, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism.
Function, therapeutic potential and cell biology of BACE proteases: current status and future prospects
Authors: Vassar Robert , Kuhn Peer‐Hendrik , Haass Christian , Kennedy Matthew E. , Rajendran Lawrence , Wong Philip C. , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe β‐site APP cleaving enzymes 1 and 2 (BACE1 and BACE2) were initially identified as transmembrane aspartyl proteases cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP). BACE1 is a major drug target for Alzheimer's disease because BACE1‐mediated cleavage of APP is the first step in the generation of the pathogenic amyloid‐β peptides. BACE1, which is highly expressed in the nervous system, is also required for myelination by cleaving neuregulin 1. Several recent proteomic and in vivo studies using BACE1‐ and BACE2‐deficient mice demonstrate a much wider range of physiological substrates and functions for both proteases within and outside of the nervous system. For BACE1 this includes axon guidance, neurogenesis, muscle spindle formation, and neuronal network functions, whereas BACE2 was shown to be involved in pigmentation and pancreatic β‐cell function. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding cell biology, substrates, and functions of BACE proteases and discusses the therapeutic options and potential mechanism‐based liabilities, in particular for BACE inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease.
imageThe protease BACE1 is a major drug target in Alzheimer disease. Together with its homolog BACE2, both proteases have an increasing number of functions within and outside of the nervous system. This review highlights recent progress in understanding cell biology, substrates, and functions of BACE proteases and discusses the therapeutic options and potential mechanism‐based liabilities, in particular for BACE inhibitors in Alzheimer disease.
Relationships between serotonergic and cannabinoid system in depressive‐like behavior: a PET study with [11C]‐DASB
Authors: Burokas Aurelijus , Martín‐García Elena , Gutiérrez‐Cuesta Javier , Rojas Santiago , Herance José Raúl , Gispert Juan Domingo , Serra Miquel‐Ángel , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChronic stress represents a major environmental risk factor for mood disorders in vulnerable individuals. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these disorders involve serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems. In this study, we have investigated the relationships between these two neurochemical systems in emotional control using genetic and imaging tools. CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout mice (KO) and wild‐type littermates (WT) were exposed to chronic restraint stress. Depressive‐like symptoms (anhedonia and helplessness) were produced by chronic stress exposure in WT mice. CB1 KO mice already showed these depressive‐like manifestations in non‐stress conditions and the same phenotype was observed after chronic restraint stress. Chronic stress similarly impaired long‐term memory in both genotypes. In addition, brain levels of serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) were assessed using positron emission tomography. Decreased brain 5‐HTT levels were revealed in CB1 KO mice under basal conditions, as well as in WT mice after chronic stress. Our results show that chronic restraint stress induced depressive‐like behavioral alterations and brain changes in 5‐HTT levels similarly to those revealed in CB1 KO mice in non‐stressed conditions. These results underline the relevance of chronic environmental stress on serotonergic and endocannabinoid transmission for the development of depressive symptoms.
imageChronic restraint stress induces depressive‐like behavior and reduced 5‐HTT levels in WT mice similar to those revealed in non‐stressed CB1‐KO mice. Reduced 5‐HTT in both genotypes increases synaptic 5‐HT concentration. The 5‐HT release is modulated through CB1 receptors and the absence of inhibitory CB1 receptor causes decreased inhibition of 5‐HT release resulting in high synaptic 5‐HT concentration that are not further enhanced by stress.
A mutation protective against Alzheimer's disease renders amyloid β precursor protein incapable of mediating neurotoxicity
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi , Matsuoka Masaaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExpression of a familial Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐linked mutant of amyloid β precursor protein (APP) or the binding of transforming growth factor β2 to wild‐type (wt)‐APP causes neuronal death by activating an intracellular death signal (a APP‐mediated intracellular death signal) in the absence of the involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity in vitro. These neuronal death models may therefore be regarded as Aβ‐independent neuronal death models related to AD. A recent study has shown that the A673T mutation in the APP isoform APP770, corresponding to the A598T mutation in the most prevalent neuronal APP isoform APP695 (an AD‐protective mutant of APP), is linked to a reduction in the incidence rate of AD. Consistent with this, cells expressing the AD‐protective mutant of APP produce less Aβ than cells expressing wt‐APP. In this study, transforming growth factor β2 caused death in cultured neuronal cells expressing wt‐APP, but not in those expressing the AD‐protective mutant of APP. This result suggests that the AD‐protective mutation of APP reduces the incidence rate of AD by attenuating the APP‐mediated intracellular death signal. In addition, a mutation that causes hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type also attenuated the APP‐mediated intracellular death signal.
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The A598T mutation of amyloid precursor protein APP is linked to a reduction in the incidence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study shows that TGFβ2 causes death in neuronal cells expressing wild‐type APP, but not in those expressing the AD‐protective mutant of APP, suggesting that the AD‐protective mutation of APP reduces the incidence rate of AD by attenuating the APP‐mediated intracellular death signal.
PI3K‐p110‐alpha‐subtype signalling mediates survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of cortical progenitor cells via activation of mTORC2
Authors: Wahane Shalaka Dhanraj , Hellbach Nicole , Prentzell Mirja Tamara , Weise Stefan Christopher , Vezzali Riccardo , Kreutz Clemens , Timmer Jens , Krieglstein Kerstin , Thedieck Kathrin , Vogel Tanja 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDevelopment of the cerebral cortex is controlled by growth factors among which transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) have a central role. The TGFβ‐ and IGF1‐pathways cross‐talk and share signalling molecules, but in the central nervous system putative points of intersection remain unknown. We studied the biological effects and down‐stream molecules of TGFβ and IGF1 in cells derived from the mouse cerebral cortex at two developmental time points, E13.5 and E16.5. IGF1 induces PI3K, AKT and the mammalian target of rapamycin complexes (mTORC1/mTORC2) primarily in E13.5‐derived cells, resulting in proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation, but has small impact on E16.5‐derived cells. TGFβ has little effect at E13.5. It does not activate the PI3K‐ and mTOR‐signalling network directly, but requires its activity to mediate neuronal differentiation specifically at E16.5. Our data indicate a central role of mTORC2 in survival, proliferation as well as neuronal differentiation of E16.5‐derived cortical cells. mTORC2 promotes these cellular processes and is under control of PI3K‐p110‐alpha signalling. PI3K‐p110‐beta signalling activates mTORC2 in E16.5‐derived cells but it does not influence cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. This finding indicates that different mTORC2 subtypes may be implicated in cortical development and that these subtypes are under control of different PI3K isoforms.
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Within developing cortical cells TGFβ‐ and IGF‐signalling activities are timely separated. TGFβ dominates in E16.5‐derived cells and drives neuronal differentiation. IGF influences survival, proliferation and neuronal differentiation in E13.5‐derived cells. mTORC2‐signalling in E16.5‐derived cells influences survival, proliferation and differentiation, activated through PI3K‐p110‐alpha. PI3K‐p110‐beta‐signalling activates a different mTORC2. Both PI3K/mTORC2‐signalling pathways are required but not directly activated in TGFβ‐mediated neuronal differentiation.