bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementing UN Human Rights Efforts Through Universal Periodic Review
Authors: Shah Sangeeta , Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The UN undertakes numerous human rights activities. Various UN entities have been established solely to promote and protect human rights, such as the Human Rights Council and the human rights treaty bodies. Others, such as the Security Council, have mandates intrinsically connected to human rights. Furthermore, a variety of UN specialized agencies, programmes and funds work in areas associated with human rights. However, the work these entities undertake lacks coordination. In his 2020 Call to Action, UN Secretary-General António Guterres spoke of the need to enhance ‘synergies between human rights and all pillars of the work of the United Nations’ and encouraged the use of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process as a way of doing so. Furthermore, one of the ‘principles’ of UPR is that it should ‘complement and not duplicate other human rights mechanisms’. There has been little exploration of the extent to which UPR does, in fact, complement the UN’s other work in human rights. This article seeks to fill that gap. Drawing on data from the first three cycles of UPR, it demonstrates the extent to which states have complemented UN efforts to protect and promote human rights in UPR recommendations. Building on these empirical observations, it explores how UPR recommendations could be used to further coordinate and reinforce the UN’s human rights work by avoiding generic references to the UN, expanding their focus beyond the ‘core’ UN human rights bodies to engage with the work of all UN entities, and encouraging engagement with all aspects of a particular entity’s mandate.
New Threats to Sacred Sites and Religious Property
Authors: Reidy, C.S.C. Patrick E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over the last 40 years, Native American faith communities have struggled to protect their sacred sites using religious liberty law. Because Native American religious claimants lack an explicit ownership interest in their sacred sites, courts can—and do, consistently—decide in favour of the government as landowner, regardless of anticipated or actual burdens on Indians’ free exercise of religion. In cases involving religious property, competing notions of ownership can enable, or inhibit, religious practice. New threats to Native American sacred sites often follow valuable natural resources that lie above, below, and around tribes’ ancestral lands. Even where faith communities own their sacred sites, religious liberty protections may prove limited. Courts often make judgments about religious property based on their own determinations of what counts as ‘essential’ for faith communities’ free exercise of religion. How legal institutions comprehend religion when evaluating property claims brought by faith communities will often dictate whether, and how extensively, religious liberty protects religious property. Such judicial theologizing can further threaten sacred sites.
Identifying when thresholds from the Paris Agreement are breached: the minmax average, a novel smoothing approach
Authors: Van Vyve Mathieu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Identifying when a given threshold has been breached in the global temperature record has become of crucial importance since the Paris Agreement. However there is no formally agreed methodology for this. In this work we show why local smoothing methodologies like the moving average and other climate modeling based approaches are fundamentally ill-suited for this specific purpose, and propose a better one, that we call the minmax average. It has strong links with the isotonic regression, is conceptually simple and is arguably closer to the intuitive meaning of “breaching the threshold” in the climate discourse, all favorable features for acceptability. When applied to the global mean surface temperature anomaly (GMSTA) record from Berkeley Earth, we obtain the following conclusions. First, the rate of increase has been ∼+0.25°C per decade since 1995. Second, based on this new estimate alone, we should plausibly expect the GMSTA to reach 1.49°C in 2023 and not go below that on average in the medium-term future. When taking into account the record temperatures of the second half of 2023, not having breached the 1.5°C threshold already in July 2023 is only possible with record long and/or deep La Niña in the following years.
Assessment of sexual function in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors
Authors: Vitorino Caroline Nakano , Omodei Michelle Sako , de Souza Rafaela Caroline , Nahas Georgia Petri , de Araujo Brito Buttros Daniel , Carvalho-Pessoa Eduardo , Vespoli Heloisa De Luca , Nahas Eliana Aguiar Petri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is considered a risk factor for sexual dysfunction, which may be associated with the diagnosis itself or with oncological treatments. However, sexual dysfunction often remains underdiagnosed and unaddressed among BC survivors.

Aim
The study sought to evaluate the sexual function of postmenopausal BC survivors compared with postmenopausal women without BC.

Methods
This case-control study included 178 postmenopausal BC survivors (stages I-III), 45 to 70 years of age, with amenorrhea for ≥12 months and sexually active. They were compared with 178 women without BC, matched (±2 years) for age and time since menopause in a 1:1 ratio. Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which consists of 6 domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain), with a total score ≤26.5 indicating risk of sexual dysfunction. Statistical analysis included Student’s t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]).

Outcomes
Evaluation of sexual function in postmenopausal women treated for BC.

Results
Postmenopausal BC survivors showed poorer sexual function in the desire domain (P = .002). No significant differences were observed between groups in the other FSFI domains and total score (P &gt; .05). Postmenopausal BC survivors had a higher prevalence of risk of sexual dysfunction (64.6% with a total score ≤26.5) compared with the control group (51.6%) (P = .010). Adjusted risk analysis for age and time since menopause revealed a higher risk of sexual dysfunction in BC survivors compared with women without cancer (OR, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.96; P = .007). Among BC survivors, the use of hormone therapy was associated with a higher risk of sexual dysfunction (OR, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-7.51; P = .002).

Clinical Implications
Postmenopausal BC survivors should be regularly assessed before and throughout treatment to enable the early detection and diagnosis of sexual dysfunction.

Strength and Limitations
The main strength is that this study might contribute to a better understanding of sexual function in postmenopausal BC survivors compared with women without BC. The main limitation is that while the FSFI is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of female sexual function, it does not allow a comprehensive diagnosis of sexual dysfunction, as it is not applicable to partners.

Conclusion
Compared with postmenopausal women without BC, postmenopausal BC survivors face a higher risk of sexual dysfunction, especially when treated with adjuvant hormone therapy.
Bactericidal human monoclonal antibody 1B1 shows specificity for meningococcal factor H binding protein variant 2 and displaces human factor H
Authors: Veggi Daniele , Chesterman Chelsy C. , Santini Laura , Huang Ying , Pacchiani Nicola , Sierra Jeannette , Chen Lynn , Laliberte Jason , Bianchi Federica , Cozzi Roberta , Frigimelica Elisabetta , Maione Domenico , Finco Oretta , Bottomley Matthew J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThousands of disease cases and hundreds of deaths occur globally each year due to invasive meningococcal disease. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) is the leading cause of such disease in developed countries. Two vaccines, 4CMenB and MenB‐fHbp, that protect against MenB are available and include one or two forms respectively of factor H binding protein (fHbp), a key protective antigen. Studies of circulating meningococci have identified over 1380 different fHbp amino acid sequences, which form three immunologically distinct clusters, termed variants 1, 2, and 3. Neither of the current vaccines contains a variant 2 antigen, which is less well characterized than fHbp variants 1 and 3. We characterized the interaction of fHbp variant 2 with humAb 1B1 using biochemical methods and live meningococcal assays. Further, we determined the crystal structure of the complex at 2.4 Å resolution, clearly revealing the epitope and providing the first detailed report of an antibody with distinct specificity for fHbp variant 2. Extensive mutagenesis and binding studies elucidated key hotspots in the interface. This combination of structural and functional studies provides a molecular explanation for the bactericidal potency and specificity of humAb 1B1 for fHbp variant 2. Our studies, focused on fHbp variant 2, expand the understanding of this previously under characterized group of the vast family of variants of fHbp, a virulence factor present on all meningococci. Moreover, the definition of a protective conformational epitope on fHbp variant 2 may support the design and development of novel variant 2‐containing MenB vaccines affording greater breadth of protection.
How to Reduce Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rebelo Artur , Kresse Randi , Sunami Yoshiaki , Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Kleeff Jörg , Klose Johannes 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The occurrence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following pancreatoduodenectomy is of high clinical relevance. Despite the pivotal nature of this topic, the existing evidence is limited and often conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of various interventions, such as the type of surgical reconstruction (specifically pylorus resection or preservation), enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), epidural anesthesia (EA), as well as strategies involving nasogastric decompression on DGE.

Methods:
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted. Studies that compared patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy regarding one of the following interventions were included: pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (ppPD) versus pylorus-resecting pancreaticoduodenectomy (prPD), ERAS versus no ERAS, epidural anesthesia EA versus no EA, nasogastric decompression versus no nasogastric decompression and jejunostomy/nasojejunal feeding tube placement (J/NJF) versus no J/NJF.

Results:
The analysis included 5930 patients from 29 studies. Patients undergoing ppPD exhibited a higher incidence of DGE compared with those undergoing prPD (logOR, −0.95; 95% CI = −1.57 to −0.34; P = 0.002). Additionally, patients in the ERAS group showed reduced rates of DGE (logOR, −0.712; 95% CI = −1.242 to −0.183; P = 0.008). Lower rates of DGE were observed in patients without a J/NJF (logOR, −0.618; 95% CI, 0.39–0.84; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In summary, our meta-analysis reveals that pylorus resection, adherence to ERAS protocols, and the absence of a J/NJF are associated with lower rates of DGE after pancreatoduodenectomy. Although these results are partially based on observational studies, they contribute valuable insights to the current understanding of interventions impacting DGE in these complex procedures.
Overwrapping Bivalved Casts: Does the Material Matter?
Authors: Karkenny Alexa J. , Morris Allyn , Smith Cameron , Xavier Jorden , Seref-Ferlengez Zeynep , Mehraban Alvandi Leila , Levy I. Martin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Circumferential integrity of bivalved casts (cut twice longitudinally) can be restored by overwrapping with different materials. This study compared the mechanical properties of solid casts and bivalved casts overwrapped with semirigid fiberglass (SF), elastic bandages (EB), and rigid fiberglass (RF) using an overwrapped-bivalved cast-bone fracture (OBCBF) model.

Methods:
This study used an MTS Bionix Servohydraulic system to test properties of OBCBF models in 4 conditions: intact Control made of RF (not bivalved or overwrapped), a Rigid overwrapped model made of a Control bivalved and overwrapped with RF, a Semirigid overwrapped model made of a Control bivalved and overwrapped with SF, and an Elastic model made of a Control bivalved and overwrapped with EB. Constructs were tested in 4-point bending. Force-displacement curves (FDC) were generated to calculate load-at-critical-failure (LCF, angulation > 10 degrees = 6.6 mm vertical deformation) and stiffness.

Results:
Five controls and 30 OBCBF models with 3 overwrapped cast types were tested, with each overwrapped cast type tested with 2 orientations of the initial cast bivalve axis, yielding 7 conditions (Control, Rigid 0 degrees, Rigid 90 degrees, Semirigid 0 degrees, Semirigid 90 degrees, Elastic 0 degrees, Elastic 90 degrees). Mean LCF was: Rigid 90 degrees > Rigid 0 degrees > Control > Semirigid 0 degrees > Semirigid 90 degrees > Elastic 90 degrees > Elastic 0 degrees (P<0.0001). Mean stiffness was: Rigid 0 degrees > Rigid 90 degrees > Control > Semirigid 90 degrees > Semirigid 0 degrees > Elastic 0 degrees > Elastic 90 degrees (P<0.0001). Multiple comparisons indicated no significant difference between LCF and stiffness for Semirigid 0 degrees/90 degrees casts compared with Controls.

Conclusions:
Mechanical properties of overwrapped bivalved casts change depending on the materials used to overwrap, with higher LCF and stiffness when overwrapping with RF > SF > EB; however, mean comparisons indicate that rigid bivalved casts overwrapped with SF did not have significantly different mean stiffness and LCF from controls and other cast models.

Clinical Relevance:
This study compares the bending properties of a bivalved cast-construct overwrapped with different materials, providing basic science evidence for orthopaedic surgeons who have several choices of materials to overwrap bivalved casts.
Prediction Model for Lumbar Curve Correction After Selective Thoracic Fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Cai Zhenning , Liu Wanyou , Dai Yutong , Shi Benlong , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong 
Published: June 2024

Study design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
To identify independent risk factors and construct a prediction model for lumbar curve correction (LCC) after selective thoracic fusion (STF) in patients with Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
STF has been widely applied to Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients. However, LCC after STF is still controversial.

Methods.
One hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing STF with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Cases were divided into a high-LCC group and a low-LCC group according to a rounded-up median of 65%. Forty-nine variables were taken into account. Logistic regression was applied to identify independent predictive factors. A prediction model was established by backward stepwise regression, and its evaluation was implemented on R.

Results.
Five parameters showed independent predictive value for low LCC: right shoulder higher before surgery (right shoulder higher versus balanced: odds ratio [OR]=0.244, P=0.014), postoperative Cobb angle of lumbar curve (LC) (OR=1.415, P=0.001, cutoff value=11°), lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) distal to end vertebra (no vs. yes: OR=4.587, P=0.013), postoperative LIV tilt (OR=0.686, P=0.010, cutoff value=6.85°) and postoperative LIV+1 tilt (OR=1.522, P=0.005, cutoff value=6.25°). The prediction model included 6 variables: lumbar modifier, preoperative shoulder balance, postoperative Cobb angle of LC, LIV position, postoperative LIV tilt, and postoperative LIV+1 tilt. The model evaluation demonstrated satisfactory capability and stability (area under curve=0.890, 10-fold cross-validation accuracy=0.782).

Conclusion.
Preoperative shoulder balance, Cobb angle of LC, LIV position, postoperative LIV and LIV+1 tilt could be used to prognosticate LCC after STF. A model with solid prediction ability was established, which could further our understanding of LCC and assist in making clinical decisions.
Two-Year Clinical Outcomes of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant in White Patients With Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Weber Constance , Hundertmark Sarah , Stasik Isabel , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl 
Published: June 2024

Précis:
This prospectively collected case series of 56 eyes having PAUL glaucoma implant (PGI) surgery is the first to demonstrate its medium-term safety and effectiveness in what is essentially an exclusively Caucasian population.

Background:
To report 2-year outcomes from a single-center cohort undergoing PGI surgery.

Methods:
Prospectively collected data on patients undergoing PGI surgery at the University Eye Hospital Bonn, Germany, from April 2021 to September 2021.

Results:
Of 53 patients, 56 eyes were included. Complete and qualified success rates (95% CI) were 52% (37–66) and 89% (80–96) for criterion A ( intraocular pressure [IOP]≤21 mm Hg), 48% (36–61) and 79% (67–88) for criterion B (IOP≤18 mm Hg), 45% (32–57) and 64% (52–77%) for criterion C (IOP≤15 mm Hg) and 27% (16–40) and 38% (25–50) for criterion D (IOP≤12 mm Hg), respectively. Mean IOP decreased from 25.43 mm Hg (7–48 mm Hg) to 11.25 mm Hg (3–24 mm Hg) (reduction of 50%) after 24 months with a reduction of IOP-lowering agents from 3.50 (1–5) to 0.46 (0–3). One eye needed an injection of viscoelastic due to significant hypotony with AC shallowing; 3 eyes received a Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty because of persistent corneal decompensation; 9 eyes developed tube exposure which required conjunctival revision with additional pericardial patch graft, with 5 of these eyes eventually needing tube explantation. An intraluminal prolene stent was removed in 24 eyes (42.9%) after a mean time period of 5.67 months (2–15 m). Mean IOP before removal was 21.4 mm Hg (12–40 mm Hg) and decreased to 11.15 mm Hg (6–20 mm Hg).

Conclusions:
PGI surgery is an effective procedure for reducing IOP and pressure-lowering therapy. The use of an intraluminal prolene stent impedes hypotony in the early postoperative phase and enables further noninvasive IOP lowering during the postoperative course.
Corneal sensitivity and ocular surface health in patients undergoing femtosecond LASIK retreatment for residual refraction
Authors: Cinar Esat , Yuce Berna , Aslan Fatih 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To assess corneal sensitivity and the ocular surface in patients undergoing primary femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and those undergoing FS-LASIK retreatment under the same flap due to residual refractive error.

Setting:
Ekol Eye Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Design:
Prospective case series.

Methods:
19 patients with previous FS-LASIK who had myopic and astigmatic refractive error were included in the study group, and 19 age-matched and sex-matched patients undergoing FS-LASIK for the first time as the control group. Corneal sensitivity, Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Oxford grading scheme for ocular surface staining, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results:
The mean refractive correction in the study and control groups, respectively, was 2.18 ± 0.78 diopters (D) (range: 1.00 to 3.50) and 2.76 ± 1.20 D (range: 1.00 to 4.50; P = .07). Corneal esthesiometry results in the study and control groups, respectively, were 6.10 ± 12.55 vs 9.90 ± 11.50 mm at 1 week (P = .001), 41.95 ± 6.98 vs 45.09 ± 5.88 mm at 1 month (P = .004), 56.09 ± 3.37 vs 56.19 ± 2.52 mm at 3 months (P = .8), and 58.60 ± 2.01 vs 58.80 ± 1.39 mm at 6 months (P = .5). Significant difference between the 2 groups in Schirmer test score that disappeared at postoperative 3 months and in TBUT and ocular surface staining that disappeared at 6 months, whereas the statistically significant difference in OSDI score persisted at 6 months (P = .03) was detected.

Conclusions:
Corneal surface sensitivity and ocular surface health are more impaired in patients undergoing FS-LASIK retreatment due to residual refractive error.
Learning Gain During a Fast Self-driven Bronchoscopy Simulation Training
Authors: Milesi Jules , Tronchetti Julie , Lovato Jean-Baptiste , Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thu , Dutau Hervé , Astoul Philippe 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Nowadays, there is a growing need for competence in bronchoscopy. However, traditional mentorship-based training presents limitations in learning consistency, subjective evaluation, and patient safety concerns. Simulation-based training has gained attention for its potential to enhance skill acquisition and objective assessment. This study explores the effectiveness of self-driven bronchoscopy simulation training using high-fidelity (HFM) and low-fidelity (LFM) models on novice medical students.

Methods:
Medical students without prior bronchoscopy experience were randomly assigned to a self-learn using either HFM or LFM for 4 hours. Pre and posttests were conducted to evaluate the students' knowledge and skill gains with a modified Bronchoscopy Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool. After their test results, students were asked to answer a questionnaire based on a Likert Scale to assess their satisfaction with self-learning.

Results:
The results revealed significant progression in both groups, but the HFM group outperformed the LFM group in terms of total score, knowledge, skills, and procedure duration. Participant satisfaction with the educational process was generally high in both groups. However, this study has certain limitations, such as a small sample size, a short training period, and the absence of real evaluation in patients.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the efficacy of self-driven bronchoscopy simulation training using HFM and LFM of bronchoscopy, with HFM offering superior gain for skill and knowledge. Larger-scale and long-term studies are recommended to further investigate the effectiveness of this self-learning and retention of the bronchoscopy knowledge.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization studies revealed a causal relationship between insulin use and osteoporosis: An observational study
Authors: Wang Zhan , Zhou Yu-bo , Wang Long , Wang Lei , Wang Zhenbin , Chen Ping-bo 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To investigate causal associations between diabetes, insulin treatment and osteoporosis using LDSC analysis with a 2-way Mendelian randomization study.

Methods:
LDSC analysis was used to estimate the likelihood-scale heritability of the genome-wide association study used with genetic correlation between the 2 genome-wide association study used. Then a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed using 3 methods including inverse variance weighted, MR Egger, and weighted median.

Results:
The genetic correlation between diabetes, insulin treatment (h2_Z = 3.70, P = 2.16e−4), osteoporosis (h2_Z = 4.93, h2_p = 8.13e−7) and genes was significant. There was a significant genetic correlation (rg = 0.122, P = 0.0211). There was a causal association between diabetes, insulin treatment and osteoporosis [P = 0.003754, OR (95%CI) = 0.998876 (0.998116−0.999636)], while no causal association existed between osteoporosis and insulin use (P = 0.998116–0.999636) causal association existed (P = 0.333244).

Conclusion:
There was a strong genetic correlation between diabetes, insulin treatment and osteoporosis, a causal association between diabetes, insulin treatment and osteoporosis, and no causal association between osteoporosis and diabetes, insulin treatment.