bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global disease burden of conditions requiring emergency surgery
Authors: Stewart B , Khanduri P , McCord C , Ohene-Yeboah M , Uranues S , Vega Rivera F , Mock C 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Surgical disease is inadequately addressed globally, and emergency conditions requiring surgery contribute substantially to the global disease burden.

Methods
This was a review of studies that contributed to define the population-based health burden of emergency surgical conditions (excluding trauma and obstetrics) and the status of available capacity to address this burden. Further data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 and the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation online data.

Results
In the index year of 2010, there were 896 000 deaths, 20 million years of life lost and 25 million disability-adjusted life-years from 11 emergency general surgical conditions reported individually in the Global Burden of Disease Study. The most common cause of death was complicated peptic ulcer disease, followed by aortic aneurysm, bowel obstruction, biliary disease, mesenteric ischaemia, peripheral vascular disease, abscess and soft tissue infections, and appendicitis. The mortality rate was higher in high-income countries (HICs) than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (24·3 versus 10·6 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants respectively), primarily owing to a higher rate of vascular disease in HICs. However, because of the much larger population, 70 per cent of deaths occurred in LMICs. Deaths from vascular disease rose from 15 to 25 per cent of surgical emergency-related deaths in LMICs (from 1990 to 2010). Surgical capacity to address this burden is suboptimal in LMICs, with fewer than one operating theatre per 100 000 inhabitants in many LMICs, whereas some HICs have more than 14 per 100 000 inhabitants.

Conclusion
The global burden of surgical emergencies is described insufficiently. The bare estimates indicate a tremendous health burden. LMICs carry the majority of emergency conditions; in these countries the pattern of surgical disease is changing and capacity to deal with the problem is inadequate. The data presented in this study will be useful for both the surgical and public health communities to plan a more adequate response.
Confined Nanospace Pyrolysis for the Fabrication of Coaxial Fe3O4@C Hollow Particles with a Penetrated Mesochannel as a Superior Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lei Cheng , Han Fei , Sun Qiang , Li Wen‐Cui , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, a method is developed to fabricate Fe3O4@C particles with a coaxial and penetrated hollow mesochannel based on the concept of “confined nanospace pyrolysis”. The synthesis involves the production of a polydopamine coating followed by a silica coating on a rod‐shaped β‐FeOOH nanoparticle, and subsequent treatment by using confined nanospace pyrolysis and silica removal procedures. Typical coaxial hollow Fe3O4@C possesses a rice‐grain morphology and mesoporous structure with a large specific surface area, as well as a continuous and flexible carbon shell. Electrochemical tests reveal that the hollow Fe3O4@C with an open‐ended nanostructure delivers a high specific capacity (ca. 864 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate capability with a capacity of about 582 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, and a high Coulombic efficiency (>97 %). The excellent electrochemical performance benefits from the hollow cavity with an inner diameter of 18 nm and a flexible carbon shell that can accommodate the volume change of the Fe3O4 during the lithium insertion/extraction processes as well as the large specific surface area and open inner cavity to facilitate the rapid diffusion of lithium ions from electrolyte to active material. This fabrication strategy can be used to generate a hollow or porous metal oxide structure for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries.
Nucleophilic Attack of α‐Aminoalkyl Radicals on CarbonNitrogen Triple Bonds to Construct α‐Amino Nitriles: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Chunmei , Shao Ying , Bao Xiaoguang , Wan Xiaobing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new reactivity pattern of α‐aminoalkyl radicals, involving nucleophilic attack on CN triple bonds under thermal conditions, has been developed to construct α‐amino nitriles. In contrast to previous CH functionalization of tertiary amines involving α‐aminoalkyl radicals, this methodology does not require the use of photocatalytic conditions or a transition‐metal catalyst. Inexpensive and nontoxic phenylacetonitrile was chosen as cyano source for this α‐aminonitrile forming reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed based upon experimental and computational results. An α‐aminoalkyl radical intermediate and benzoyl cyanide have been shown to be key intermediates in this green and mild radical process. Nucleophilic attack of the α‐aminoalkyl radical on the CN bond of PhCOCN followed by an elimination step forms the desired α‐aminonitrile and an acyl radical.
The Use of Phosphite‐Type Ligands in the Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Lyubimov Sergey E. , Ozolin Dmitry V. , Ivanov Pavel Yu , Melman Artem , Velezheva Valeriya S. , Davankov Vadim A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA series of chiral phosphite‐type ligands was tested in asymmetric Ir‐catalyzed hydrogenation of quinolines and 2,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazino(3,2,1‐j,k)carbazole. Hydrogenation of quinaldine hydrochloride provided superior enantioselectivity up to 65% ee compared to quinaldine free base. The ligands were tested for the first time in the asymmetric Ir‐Ircatalyzed hydrogenation of 2,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazino(3,2,1‐j,k)carbazole yielding the antidepressant drug, pirlindole. Chirality 26:56–60, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Continuous Positive Airways Pressure Therapy on Cardiovascular End Points in Patients With Sleep‐Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Aggarwal Saurabh , Nadeem Rashid , Loomba Rohit S. , Nida Mahwish , Vieira Dorice 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn patients with sleep‐disordered breathing and heart failure, continuous positive airway pressure has been found to be associated with an improvement in cardiovascular end points. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature and a meta‐analysis to pool data from 15 published randomized controlled trials. End points analyzed were left ventricular ejection fraction, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and mortality. A fixed effects model was used for end points demonstrating homogeneity among included studies, whereas a random effects model was used for end points demonstrating heterogeneity among included studies. A significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction was noted with continuous positive airway pressure (mean difference, 5.05%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.72 to 6.38), diastolic blood pressure (mean difference, −1.67; 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.25), and heart rate (mean difference, −5.92; 95% CI: −10.12 to −1.72). No significant changes in mortality (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.00) and systolic blood pressure were noted (mean difference, −6.35; 95% CI: −16.11 to 2.41). The analysis also revealed the need for additional studies to clarify the associations noted and the presence of publication bias with small studies with a paucity of small studies with negative results. In this meta‐analysis, treatment with continuous positive airways pressure was associated with improvements in ejection fraction, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate in patients with sleep‐disordered breathing and congestive heart failure.
Evolving Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From a Survey Among US Cardiologists
Authors: Vardi Moshe , Debidda Marcella , Bhatt Deepak L. , Mauri Laura , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany patients treated with oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation undergo percutaneous stent implantation, where dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is also recommended. The current evidence to support triple oral antithrombotic therapy (TOAT) in these patients is limited, and new strategies are being discussed to optimize outcomes.HypothesisThere will be variation in antithrombotic strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation needing stenting.MethodsWe surveyed US‐based cardiologists serving as clinical investigators in academic sites and posted an online “question of the month” on cardiosource.org.ResultsSeventy‐five (10.7%) responses were received to the email survey and 119 to the online question. Bare‐metal stenting (BMS) was a priori preferred over drug‐eluting stenting (DES) for 50.6% of patients. Only 8.8% of the responders chose newer anticoagulants in addition to DAPT as the preferred oral anticoagulant. For duration of TOAT, 79.4% of physicians recommended stopping DAPT at 1 month when BMS was used in patients presenting without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) vs 57.4% in patients with ACS. In patients implanted with a DES, 73.5% and 76.5% preferred stopping DAPT at 6 to 12 months (no ACS vs ACS, respectively). When asked which of the 2 antiplatelet agents they would recommend stopping after the above durations, 50% chose to quit aspirin.ConclusionsThe survey highlights an interest in the new strategy of dropping aspirin, but the lack of concrete evidence triggers undesired diversity in clinical approaches. High‐quality data on the efficacy and safety of such interventions are needed to further consolidate these approaches.
Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition of a Copper Gallium Oxide Spinel
Authors: Knapp Caroline E. , Prassides Iasson D. , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCopper‐based spinel oxide CuGa2O4 films have been deposited by means of a simple one‐pot solution‐based chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. Aerosol‐assisted (AA) CVD of copper(II) 2,2,6,6,‐tetramethylheptan‐3,5‐dionate (thd), Cu(thd)2 and gallium(III) acetylacetonate, Ga(acac)3, in toluene resulted in the formation of transparent films with a slight yellow tinge at 300–500 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the films had grown by means of an island growth mechanism. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that CuGa2O4 had formed along with copper(I) oxide and gallium(III) oxide was observed at the surface of the film. Annealing the films under a range of conditions (air, N2, vacuum) resulted in oxidation and the formation of CuGa2O4 and copper(II) oxide, as shown by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The films were further analysed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Similar AACVD depositions using copper(II) acetylacetonate, Cu(acac)2, and Ga(acac)3 in a range of solvents only resulted in the formation of gallium oxide owing to the lower solubility of the copper precursor than the gallium complex. AACVD is dependent on the precursor solubility hence Cu(thd)2 is a superior precursor to Cu(acac)2 owing to its increased solubility.
Base‐Free Oxidation of Glycerol Using Titania‐Supported Trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Kondrat Simon A. , Miedziak Peter J. , Douthwaite Mark , Brett Gemma L. , Davies Thomas E. , Morgan David J. , Edwards Jennifer K. , Knight David W. , Kiely Christopher J. , Taylor Stuart H. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBase‐free selective oxidation of glycerol has been investigated using trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt nanoparticles supported on titania and their corresponding bimetallic catalysts. Catalysts were prepared by the sol‐immobilization method and characterized by means of TEM, UV/Vis spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and microwave plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. It was found that of the bimetallic catalysts, Pd–Pt/TiO2 was the most active with high selectivity to C3 products. The addition of Au to this catalyst to form the trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt/TiO2, resulted in an increase in activity relative to Pd–Pt/TiO2. The turnover frequency increased from 210 h−1 with the Pd–Pt/TiO2 catalyst to378 h−1 for the trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt/TiO2 catalyst with retention of selectivity towards C3 products.
Long transient oscillations in a class of cooperative cellular neural networks
Authors: Forti Mauro , Garay Barnabás , Koller Miklós , Pancioni Luca 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe real‐time processing capabilities of cellular neural networks (CNNs) are inherently related to the fast convergence time of the solutions toward the asymptotically stable equilibrium points. A typical requirement is that the settling time should not exceed a few (or at most 10) cell time constants. This paper introduces a class of completely stable nonsymmetric cooperative CNN rings whose solutions display unexpectedly long transient oscillations for a wide set of initial conditions and for a wide set of interconnection parameters. Numerical simulations show that the oscillations can easily last hundreds of cycles, and thousands of cell time constants, before settling to a steady state, thus possibly impairing their real‐time processing capabilities. Goal of the paper is also to show, by means of laboratory experiments on a discrete component prototype of the CNN ring, that the long oscillation phenomenon is physically robust with respect to the non‐idealities of the circuit implementation. The experiments show some other peculiar features of the long lasting oscillations as the metamorphosis between different periodic behaviors during the transient. Finally, analytic asymptotic estimates on the duration of the transient oscillations are provided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human adult stem cells from diverse origins: An overview from multiparametric immunophenotyping to clinical applications
Authors: Sousa Bruna R. , Parreira Ricardo C. , Fonseca Emerson A , Amaya Maria J. , Tonelli Fernanda M. P. , Lacerda Samyra M. S. N. , Lalwani Pritesh , Santos Anderson K. , Gomes Katia N. , Ulrich Henning , Kihara Alexandre H. , Resende Rodrigo R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStem cells are known for their capacity to self‐renew and differentiate into at least one specialized cell type. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated initially from bone marrow but are now known to exist in all vascularized organ or tissue in adults. MSCs are particularly relevant for therapy due to their simplicity of isolation and cultivation. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has proposed a set of standards to define hMSCs for laboratory investigations and preclinical studies: adherence to plastic in standard culture conditions; in vitro differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts; specific surface antigen expression in which ≥95% of the cells express the antigens recognized by CD105, CD73, and CD90, with the same cells lacking (≤2% positive) the antigens CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19, and HLA‐DR. In this review we will take an historical overview of how umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, adipose‐derived, placental and amniotic fluid, and menstrual blood stem cells, the major sources of human MSC, can be obtained, identified and how they are being used in clinical trials to cure and treat a very broad range of conditions, including heart, hepatic, and neurodegenerative diseases. An overview of protocols for differentiation into hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, neuronal, adipose, chondrocytes, and osteoblast cells are highlighted. We also discuss a new source of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and some pathways, which are common to MSCs in maintaining their pluripotent state. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Performance evaluation of the survivability schemes in WOBAN: a quality of recovery (QoR) method
Authors: Fu Minglei , He Maolin , Le Zichun , Wang Weiwen , Quan Bisheng 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe hybrid wireless optical broadband access network (WOBAN) is a combination of an optical backhaul and a wireless front‐end, which combine the huge amount of available bandwidth of optical networks and the ubiquity and mobility of wireless access networks with the objective of reducing their cost and complexity. Survivability is one of the most important issues in WOBAN. In this paper, the survivability schemes in WOBAN are addressed from a particular point of view of the quality of recovery (QoR) method. The QoR is a comprehensive measure to evaluate the survivability schemes in terms of availability, recovery time, redundancy, and bandwidth of backup path. The specific procedures to set up the analytical models for the survivability schemes in WOBAN are given based on the QoR concept, including abstract, normalization, and application. Besides, the weights assignment is provided to calculate the QoR value for the operators, home users, or business users with different requirements, which in turn offers the user‐perceptive quality of service. To verify the performance of the survivability schemes by the QoR method, extensive simulations are made under different WOBAN configurations. Numerical results show that for the intra‐domain survivability schemes, the wireless and optical mixed protection scheme is the best choice for failure recovery in WOBAN. The wireless scheme is the second choice for the solution, which emphasizes cost control, while for the solution that emphasizes the network performance, the 1:1 scheme is the second choice. The 1:N scheme obtains the worst QoR value as the splitter ratios increase. For the inter‐domain survivability schemes, optimizing backup optical networking units selection and backup fibers deployment scheme outperforms maximum protection with minimum cost scheme from the point of view of QoR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptual attunement in vowels: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsuji Sho , Cristia Alejandrina 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the majority of evidence on perceptual narrowing in speech sounds is based on consonants, most models of infant speech perception generalize these findings to vowels, assuming that vowel perception improves for vowel sounds that are present in the infant's native language within the first year of life, and deteriorates for non‐native vowel sounds over the same period of time. The present meta‐analysis contributes to assessing to what extent these descriptions are accurate in the first comprehensive quantitative meta‐analysis of perceptual narrowing in infant vowel discrimination, including results from behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging methods applied to infants 0–14 months of age. An analysis of effect sizes for native and non‐native vowel discrimination over the first year of life revealed that they changed with age in opposite directions, being significant by about 6 months of age. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 179–191, 2014.
Amygdala inactivation impairs eyeblink conditioning in developing rats
Authors: Ng Ka H. , Freeman John H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe amygdala facilitates acquisition of eyeblink conditioning in adult animals by enhancing conditioned stimulus (CS) inputs to the cerebellum and the unconditioned response circuitry. Ontogenetic changes in amygdala modulation of eyeblink conditioning have not been investigated directly. We examined the effects of amygdala inactivation on the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning and conditioned freezing in rat pups. Rat pups received bilateral infusions of saline or bupivacaine into the central nucleus of the amygdala before each of the first five training sessions, which consisted of paired CS–US trials on postnatal days (P) 17–19, P21–23, or P24–26. The final session consisted of CS‐alone test trials to assess the effect of amygdala inactivation during training on conditioned freezing. Amygdala inactivation impaired acquisition of eyeblink conditioning in all of the age groups and impaired freezing to the context during the extinction test. The results indicate that the amygdala modulates cerebellar learning as soon as it begins to emerge ontogenetically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 999–1007, 2014.
Natural variation in maternal care shapes adult social behavior in rats
Authors: Starr‐Phillips Emily J. , Beery Annaliese K. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFeatures of the early postnatal environment profoundly shape later physical and behavioral phenotypes. The amount of licking/grooming that rat dams direct towards their offspring has durable consequences, including behavioral and physiological dimensions of stress reactivity, cognition, and reproductive behavior. We examined how natural variation in maternal care alters social behavior in adult offspring and how this relates to anxiety behavior and oxytocin receptor density. Male and female offspring of mothers who received high levels of licking spent significantly more time in social contact with unfamiliar individuals than did offspring whose dams provided less grooming. Reduced anxiety behavior was associated with greater social interaction. No differences in oxytocin receptor binding assessed by 125I‐OVTA autoradiography were detected between groups. The present investigation characterizes a novel impact of maternal care on adult social interaction behavior, replicates anxiety behavior differences, and illustrates connections between social behavior and anxiety in adulthood across maternal treatment groups. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1017–1026, 2014.
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence Properties of a Three‐Dimensional Heterobimetallic Chiral Metal–Organic Framework Based on Sodium(I), Lead(II) and (S)‐5,5′‐Bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl as Linker
Authors: Lestari Witri Wahyu , Lönnecke Peter , Streit Huayna Cerqueira , Handke Marcel , Wickleder Claudia , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe heterobimetallic three‐dimensional metal–organic framework {[Na2Pb2(L)3(H2O)(dmf)4]·9dmf}n (1), which contains {Pb2Na(η2‐O2CR)6} moieties as secondary building units, was obtained by solvothermal reaction of Pb(NO3)2 and (S)‐5,5′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (H2L) in the presence of NaOH in dimethylformamide (dmf). In the solid state, 1 forms a three‐dimensional network with bcu topology. Ligand‐based violet‐blue luminescence is observed for compound 1 and assigned to the S1→S0 transition of the aromatic units.