bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les facteurs de succès des entreprises à croissance rapide en Allemagne
Authors: Woywode Michael , Lessat Vera 
Published: May 2014

Cette étude analyse les entreprises d’Allemagne de l’Ouest connaissant une croissance de l’emploi particulièrement importante. Nous désignons comme entreprises à croissance rapide celles qui appartiennent aux 10 % des entreprises ayant la plus forte croissance de l’emploi. Après une discussion théorique sur les déterminants de la croissance d’entreprise, nous développerons une série d’hypothèses dont nous vérifierons l’exactitude de façon empirique à l’aide de deux échantillons d’entreprises. Le premier échantillon comprend environ 11 000 entreprises de l’industrie de transformation (secteur secondaire), de l’industrie du bâtiment, du commerce et de l’industrie des services en général (secteur tertiaire). Les données dont nous disposons proviennent des informations de la plus grande agence allemande de renseignements sur les crédits, CREDITREFORM. Le deuxième échantillon comporte des informations sur environ 4000 entreprises ouest-allemandes de l’industrie de transformation et de l’industrie de services liés à la production. Pour cet échantillon, les informations proviennent d’un sondage écrit. Nos résultats peuvent être résumés ainsi : nous confirmons les résultats d’enquêtes précédentes, qui attestent qu’un petit groupe d’entreprises à croissance rapide apporte une contribution essentielle à la croissance de l’emploi. En moyenne, les petites et les jeunes entreprises appartiennent plus que les grandes entreprises ou celles plus anciennes aux groupes d’entreprises à croissance rapide. En outre, nous découvrons que le secteur d’activité et la forme juridique choisie par l’entreprise influent sur la probabilité pour l’entreprise de faire partie des entreprises à croissance rapide. Les stratégies des entreprises en matière de recherche et développement ou d’exportation, mais aussi les caractéristiques personnelles de l’entrepreneur telles que son âge et son diplôme sont des déterminants majeurs de la forte croissance d’une entreprise.
Diversité et unité des entreprises à forte croissance du secteur manufacturier en France
Authors: Mustar Philippe 
Published: May 2014

Cet article s’intéresse à la question des entreprises à forte croissance du secteur manufacturier en France. Faisant suite à un vaste travail d’analyse sur bases de données, les résultats présentés ici se fondent sur les réponses à un questionnaire postal adressé à près de 150 entreprises à forte croissance du secteur manufacturier en France. Dans une première partie, l’article montre que sous la dénomination commune de « PME à forte croissance » sont regroupées des PME aux trajectoires de croissance très diversifiées ; ces trajectoires sont elles-mêmes le résultat de stratégies différentes se déployant dans des contextes contrastés. Mais l’article souligne que, par-delà ces contextes stratégiques différents, plusieurs éléments communs jouent un rôle majeur dans le processus de la forte croissance. Ils concernent :
Ces éléments permettent à l’auteur de critiquer nombre de travaux sur les entreprises à forte croissance, travaux qui contiennent dans leur méthodologie de départ leurs résultats conclusifs.
Cartographie cognitive et accompagnement du créateur d'entreprise
Authors: Verstraete Thierry 
Published: May 2014

Cette communication propose une démarche d’accompagnement des créateurs d’entreprise, des dirigeants de TPE, voire de PME. La méthode déployée s’inspire largement d’une proposition faite antérieurement et au centre de laquelle un outil suscitant un intérêt croissant en management stratégique est utilisé : la cartographie cognitive. Cette recherche a une visée opérationnelle et s’appuie pour cela sur une application menée dans une jeune entreprise du secteur de la distribution. Son objet est de tester une démarche en cinq phases pour appréhender l’univers cognitif du créateur relativement à son projet, le sensibiliser au besoin de contrôler les facteurs qu’il identifie comme importants pour l’avenir de son entreprise et l’aider dans la mise en place de systèmes et procédures de contrôle.
Étude qualitative et comparative sur la portée des relations entre la recherche et la communauté d'entreprises dans les pôles technologiques
Authors: March-Chordá Isidre , Yague-Perales Rosa M. 
Published: May 2014

Tant par le degré de participation des agents scientifico-technologiques du milieu local que par les relations avec les entreprises implantées sur les pôles technologiques, la promotion et le développement d’espaces technopolitains sont très diversifiés selon le site et la région.
Compte tenu de cette diversité, nous avons entrepris une étude basée sur l’estimation qualitative d’une série de variables concernant le comportement des universités et centres de recherche dans 13 pôles technologiques. Cela nous a permis de conclure que l’intensité scientifique et technique à l’intérieur du pôle et la relation réelle entre les agents de recherche et les entreprises locataires sont les conditions les plus valables pour avancer vers la participation optimale de la communauté scientifico-technologique locale dans tous les domaines de la vie d’un pôle d’entreprises de haute technologie.
Development of a Logistic Regression Formula for Evaluation of Subcentimeter Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Zhang Mingbo , Zhang Yan , Fu Shuai , Lv Faqin , Tang Jie 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to build a logistic regression formula for ameliorating the diagnosis of subcentimeter thyroid nodules.MethodsThe sonographic features of 889 subcentimeter nodules were reviewed retrospectively with reference of histologic results. The diagnostic performance of each feature was evaluated. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to develop the formula for evaluation of subcentimeter nodules, and the cutoff value was decided for recommending biopsy.ResultsThe logistic regression formula was −0.029age − 2.063US1 − 0.812US2 + 1.781US3 + 1.627height‐to‐width ratio − 0.333 (for nonhypoechogenicity, US1 = 1; for hypoechogenicity, US1 = 0; for a well‐circumscribed margin, US2 = 1 and US3 = 0; for a microlobulated margin, US2 = 0 and US3 = 1; and for an irregular margin, US2 = 0 and US3 = 0). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the formula was 0.860. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the formula under the cutoff value of 0.284 were 90.9%, 54.0%, 66.4%, 85.6%, and 72.5%, respectively. With the use of the formula, 229 of 830 nodules could avoid surgery.ConclusionsA logistic regression formula with a cutoff value could provide an objective and easy tool with effective diagnostic performance, which could improve diagnosis of subcentimeter thyroid nodules and reduce unnecessary biopsy, decreasing costs and patient discomfort.
Reliability of B‐Mode Sonography of the Abdominal Muscles in Healthy Adolescents in Different Body Positions
Authors: Linek Paweł , Saulicz Edward , Wolny Tomasz , Myśliwiec Andrzej 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to determine the reliability of abdominal sonographic measurements in adolescents. The secondary aim was to determine whether age, sex, or body position had an impact on the reliability of abdominal muscle sonographic measurements in adolescents.MethodsSixty‐nine asymptomatic participants aged 10 to 15 years without any postural faults participated in the study. The participants were divided into 3 age groups: 10 to 11, 12 to 13, and 14 to 15 years, according to their sex. All participants underwent 3 measurements of the thickness of the transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles on both sides of the body in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. The participants’ measurements were taken at the end of normal exhalation, and the values were recorded in millimeters.ResultsRegardless of the participant's age, sex, and body position, the results for the 3 measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC3,3]) for the transversus abdominis and internal oblique ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. With reference to the external oblique, intraexaminer reliability (ICC3,3) in the supine position ranged from 0.81 to 0.98, whereas in the sitting and standing positions, it fluctuated from 0.63 to 0.96.ConclusionsSonography for assessment of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles in different body positions in healthy adolescents aged 10 to 15 years was found to have reliability. To obtain high measurement reliability for the transversus abdominis and internal oblique at rest, at least 2 measurements should be performed, regardless of age, sex, or resting body position. Performing 3 measurements of the external oblique guarantees satisfactory reliability only in the supine position.
Reference Charts for Fetal Corpus Callosum Length
Authors: Cignini Pietro , Padula Francesco , Giorlandino Maurizio , Brutti Pierpaolo , Alfò Marco , Giannarelli Diana , Mastrandrea Maria Luisa , D'Emidio Laura , Vacca Lorenzo , Aloisi Alessia , Giorlandino Claudio 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to establish reference charts for fetal corpus callosum length in a convenience sample.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Artemisia Fetal–Maternal Medical Center between December 2008 and January 2012. Among 16,975 fetal biometric measurements between 19 weeks and 37 weeks 6 days’ gestation, 3438 measurements of the corpus callosum (20.3%) were available. After excluding 488 measurements (14.2%), a total of 2950 fetuses (85.8%) were considered and analyzed only once. Parametric and nonparametric quantile regression models were used for the statistical analysis. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed reference charts with respect to various distributional assumptions on the sonographic measurements at hand, we compared the gestational age (GA)‐specific reference curves produced by the statistical methods used.ResultsThe mean corpus callosum length was 26.18 mm (SD, 4.5 mm; 95% confidence interval, 26.01–26.34 mm). The linear regression equation expressing the length of the corpus callosum as a function of GA was length (mm) = −11.17 + 1.62 × GA. The correlation between the dimension and gestation was expressed by the coefficient r = 0.83. Normal mean lengths according the parametric and nonparametric methods were defined for each week of gestation.ConclusionsThis work provides new quantile‐based reference charts for corpus callosum length measurements that may be useful for diagnosis of congenital corpus callosum anomalies in fetal life.
The Sonographic “Bright Band Sign” of Splenic Infarction
Authors: Llewellyn Michael E. , Jeffrey R. Brooke , DiMaio Michael A. , Olcott Eric W. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of the “bright band sign” in patients with splenic infarcts as well as control patients and to thereby assess whether the bright band sign has potential utility as a sonographic sign of splenic infarction.MethodsUsing an electronic search engine and image review, 37 patients were retrospectively identified with noncystic parenchymal splenic infarcts on sonography. Nineteen abnormal control patients with noninfarcted splenic lesions on sonography and 100 normal control patients with sonographically normal spleens were also identified. The sonographic appearance of each splenic lesion was evaluated by 2 reviewers and assessed for the bright band sign, defined as thin specular reflectors perpendicular to the sound beam within hypoechoic parenchymal lesions, and for the presence or absence of the classic sonographic appearance of splenic infarction. Possible histologic counterparts of the bright band sign were assessed in archival infarct specimens.ResultsThe bright band sign was present in 34 (91.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1%–98.3%) of 37 patients with splenic infarcts on sonography, including 12 (85.7%; 95% CI, 57.2%–98.2%) of 14 with classic and 22 (95.7%; 95% CI, 78.1%–99.9%) of 23 with nonclassic infarct appearances. No normal or abnormal control patients had the bright band sign. Histologic sections suggested that preserved splenic trabeculae within infarcts may generate the bright band sign.ConclusionsThe bright band sign is a potentially useful sonographic sign of splenic infarction, which may confer additional sensitivity and specificity and may be particularly helpful with infarcts having nonclassic appearances.
Enhanced Lesion‐to‐Bubble Ratio on Ultrasonic Nakagami Imaging for Monitoring of High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Li Chong , Zhou Fanyu , Wan Mingxi , Wang Supin 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThis work explored the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to enhance the contrast between thermal lesions and bubbles induced by high‐intensity focused ultrasound (US) in a transparent tissue‐mimicking phantom at different acoustic power levels.MethodsThe term “lesion‐to‐bubble ratio” was proposed and defined as the ratio of the scattered power from the thermal lesion to the scattered power from the bubbles calculated in the various monitoring of images for high‐intensity focused US. Two‐dimensional radiofrequency data backscattered from the exposed region were captured by a modified diagnostic US scanner to estimate the Nakagami statistical parameter, m, and reconstruct the ultrasonic B‐mode images and Nakagami parameter images. The dynamic changes in the lesion‐to‐bubble ratio over the US exposure procedure were calculated simultaneously and compared among video photos, B‐mode images, and Nakagami images for monitoring of high‐intensity focused US.ResultsAfter a small thermal lesion was induced by high‐intensity focused US in the phantom, the lesion‐to‐bubble ratio values corresponding to the video photo, B‐mode image, and Nakagami image were 5.3, 1, and 9.8 dB, respectively. When a large thermal lesion appeared in the phantom, the ratio values increased to 7.2, 3, and 14 dB. During US exposure, the ratio values calculated for the video photo, B‐mode image, and Nakagami image began to increase gradually and rose to peak values of 8.3, 2.9, and 14.8 dB at the end of the US exposure.ConclusionsThis preliminary study on a tissue‐mimicking phantom suggests that Nakagami imaging may have a potential use in enhancing the lesion‐to‐bubble ratio for monitoring high‐intensity focused US. Further studies in vivo and in vitro will be needed to evaluate the potential applications for high‐intensity focused US.
Social Determinants of Health and Surgical Desirability of Outcome Ranking in Older Veterans
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Gao Yubo , Schmidt Susanne , Shireman Paula K. , Mader Michael , Duncan Carly A. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Stitzenberg Karyn B. , Kao Lillian S. , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary , Hall Daniel E. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceEvaluating how social determinants of health (SDOH) influence veteran outcomes is crucial, particularly for quality improvement.ObjectiveTo measure associations between SDOH, care fragmentation, and surgical outcomes using a Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR).Design, Setting, And ParticipantsThis was a cohort study of US veterans using data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP; 2013-2019) limited to patients aged 65 years or older with inpatient stays between 2 and 30 days, merged with multiple data sources, including Medicare. Race and ethnicity data were retrieved from VASQIP, Medicare and Medicaid beneficiary summary files, the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse, and the United States Veterans Eligibility Trends and Statistics file. Data were analyzed between September 2023 and February 2024.ExposureLiving in a highly deprived neighborhood (Area Deprivation Index &amp;gt;85), race and ethnicity used as a social construct, rurality, and care fragmentation (percentage of non-VA care days).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDOOR is a composite, patient-centered ranking of 26 outcomes ranging from no complication (1, best) to 90-day mortality or near-death complications (6, worst). A series of proportional odds regressions was used to assess the impact of SDOH and care fragmentation adjusted for clinical risk factors, including presentation acuity (presenting with preoperative acute serious conditions and urgent or emergent surgical procedures).ResultsThe cohort had 93 644 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [6.2] years; 91 443 [97.6%] male; 74 624 [79.7%] White). Veterans who identified as Black (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; P = .048) vs White and veterans with higher care fragmentation (per 20% increase in VA care days relative to all care days: aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02; P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with worse (higher) DOOR scores until adjusting for presentation acuity. Living in rural geographic areas was associated with better DOOR scores than living in urban areas (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.96; P &amp;lt; .001), and rurality was associated with lower presentation acuity (preoperative acute serious conditions: aOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95; P = .001). Presentation acuity was higher in veterans identifying as Black, living in deprived neighborhoods, and with increased care fragmentation.Conclusions and RelevanceVeterans identifying as Black and veterans with greater proportions of non-VA care had worse surgical outcomes. VA programs should direct resources to reduce presentation acuity among Black veterans, incentivize veterans to receive care within the VA where possible, and better coordinate veterans’ treatment and records between care sources.
Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Adhesive, Freezing‐Tolerant, and Swelling‐Resistant Multifunctional Hydrogels for Underwater Motion Detection and Information Transmission
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Yao Aifang , Raffa Patrizio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels have emerged as fascinating materials for flexible electronics because of their integrated conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and the possibility to introduce several smart functions. However, the swelling of hydrogels in aqueous environments significantly reduces their applicability where contact with water is unavoidable. In this study, a physically cross‐linked composite hydrogel is proposed, that is transparent, highly stretchable, anti‐swelling, capable of autonomous self‐healing, adhesive, and anti‐freezing. The hydrogel is synthesized through a simple one‐step photopolymerization in a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES)/water system. Dynamic physical interactions, including hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions, confer remarkable transparency (92%), self‐healing capability (up to 94%), good adhesion to a wide array of substrates (91 to 199 kPa), high toughness (1.46 MJ m−3), excellent elongation at break (up to 2064%), and resistance to swelling in water (equilibrium swelling ratio of 3% in water for 30 days) even in solutions at different pH (pH 1–11), and in other solvents. The incorporation of a DES contributes to exceptional anti‐freezing performance. The transparent sensor achieves multifunctional sensing and human motion detection with high sensitivity and stability. Notably, the sensor demonstrates information transmission underwater through stretching and pressing, showcasing its immense potential in underwater flexible devices.
Constructing Slip Stacking Diversity in Van der Waals Homobilayers
Authors: Chen Yun , Lin Jinguo , Jiang Junjie , Wang Danyang , Yu Yue , Li Shouheng , Pan Jun'an , Chen Haitao , Mao Weiguo , Xing Huanhuan , Ouyang Fangping , Luo Zheng , Zhou Shen , Liu Feng , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe van der Waals (vdW) interface provides two important degrees of freedom—twist and slip—to tune interlayer structures and inspire unique physics. However, constructing diversified high‐quality slip stackings (i.e., lattice orientations between layers are parallel with only interlayer sliding) is more challenging than twisted stackings due to angstrom‐scale structural discrepancies between different slip stackings, sparsity of thermodynamically stable candidates and insufficient mechanism understanding. Here, using transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) homobilayers as a model system, this work theoretically elucidates that vdW materials with low lattice symmetry and weak interlayer coupling allow the creation of multifarious thermodynamically advantageous slip stackings, and experimentally achieves 13 and 9 slip stackings in 1T″‐ReS2 and 1T″‐ReSe2 bilayers via direct growth, which are systematically revealed by atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), angle‐resolved polarization Raman spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. This work also develops modulation strategies to switch the stacking via grain boundaries (GBs) and to expand the slip stacking library from thermodynamic to kinetically favored structures via in situ thermal treatment. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a prominent dependence of the pressure‐induced electronic band structure transition on stacking configurations. These studies unveil a unique vdW epitaxy and offer a viable means for manipulating interlayer atomic registries.
Polymer scaffolds delineate healthy from diseased states at sites distal from the pancreas in two models of type 1 diabetes
Authors: King Jessica L. , Urie Russell R. , Morris Aaron H. , Rad Laila , Bealer Elizabeth , Kasputis Tadas , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) prevention is currently limited by the lack of diagnostic tools able to identify disease before autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cells. Autoantibody tests are used to predict risk and, in combination with glucose dysregulation indicative of β cell loss, to determine administration of immunotherapies. Our objective was to remotely identify immune changes associated with the disease, and we have employed a subcutaneously implanted microporous poly(e‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold to function as an immunological niche (IN) in two models of T1D. Biopsy and analysis of the IN enables disease monitoring using transcriptomic changes at a distal site from autoimmune destruction of the pancreas, thereby gaining cellular level information about disease without the need for a biopsy of the native organ. Using this approach, we identified gene signatures that stratify healthy and diseased mice in both an adoptive transfer model and a spontaneous onset model of T1D. The gene signatures identified herein demonstrate the ability of the IN to identify immune activation associated with diabetes across models.
Advancements in non‐fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: Brief review of research trends
Authors: Lee Minsoo , Hwang Eunhye , Kim Taehyo , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the last few decades, fullerene‐based acceptors have been extensively utilized in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, OSCs based on fullerenes suffer from low photocurrent and photovoltage due to their poor light absorption capacity and limited tunability of energy levels, which impedes efficiency improvements. Recently, non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have enabled rapid progress in OSCs, owing to their favorable properties such as strong light absorption, facile energy level tuning, and improved charge transport characteristics. These features have led to rapid efficiency enhancements. This review discusses the latest research trends related to NFAs, covering several factors that can be applied in the development of NFAs. Finally, we suggest prospects and challenges for high‐performance NFA‐based OSCs on the path to commercialization.