bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multidisciplinary approach to study a couple of monozygotic twins discordant for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a focus on potential salivary biomarkers
Authors: Ciregia Federica , Giusti Laura , Da Valle Ylenia , Donadio Elena , Consensi Arianna , Giacomelli Camillo , Sernissi Francesca , Scarpellini Pietro , Maggi Fabrizio , Lucacchini Antonio , Bazzichi Laura 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a severe, systemic illness characterized by persistent, debilitating and medically unexplained fatigue. The etiology and pathophysiology of CFS remains obscure, and diagnosis is formulated through the patient’s history and exclusion of other medical causes. Thereby, the availability of biomarkers for CFS could be useful for clinical research. In the present study, we used a proteomic approach to evaluate the global changes in the salivary profile in a couple of monozygotic twins who were discordant for CFS. The aim was to evaluate differences of salivary protein expression in the CFS patient in respect to his healthy twin.MethodsSaliva samples were submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The gels were stained with Sypro, and a comparison between CFS subject and the healthy one was performed by the software Progenesis Same Spot including the Analysis of variance (ANOVA test). The proteins spot found with a ≥2-fold spot quantity change and p<0.05 were identified by Nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. To validate the expression changes found with 2DE of 5 proteins (14-3-3 protein zeta/delta, cyclophilin A, Cystatin-C, Protein S100-A7, and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein), we used the western blot analysis. Moreover, proteins differentially expressed were functionally analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software with the aim to determine the predominant canonical pathways and the interaction network involved.ResultsThe analysis of the protein profiles allowed us to find 13 proteins with a different expression in CFS in respect to control. Nine spots were up-regulated in CFS and 4 down-regulated. These proteins belong to different functional classes, such as inflammatory response, immune system and metabolism. In particular, as shown by the pathway analysis, the network built with our proteins highlights the involvement of inflammatory response in CFS pathogenesis.ConclusionsThis study shows the presence of differentially expressed proteins in the saliva of the couple of monozygotic twins discordant for CFS, probably related to the disease. Consequently, we believe the proteomic approach could be useful both to define a panel of potential diagnostic biomarkers and to shed new light on the comprehension of the pathogenetic pathways of CFS.
High frequency distribution of heterogeneous vancomycin resistant Enterococcous faecium (VREfm) in Iranian hospitals
Authors: Shokoohizadeh Leili , Mobarez Ashraf Mohabati , Zali Mohammad Reza , Ranjbar Reza , Alebouyeh Masoud , Sakinc Türkan , Ali Liaqat 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background

Enterococcus faecium is a multi-resistant nosocomial pathogen causing infection in debilitated patients. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (VREfm) are a major concern and increased dramatically worldwide especially in hospitals environment. The current study focused on determining the high prevalence and distribution patterns of antibiotic resistance and also its genetic linkages among various VREfm strains isolated from indoor hospitalized patients in four major Iranian teaching hospitals of Tehran.

Methods
The clinical samples were obtained from hospitalized patients during September 2010 to June 2011 from different teaching hospitals of Tehran. Antibiotics Resistance patterns, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value for vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin and presence of genetic linkage among the isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results
Overall, total of 92 (41.4%) isolates were identified as E. faecium, 45 (49%) were resistant to vancomycin with an MIC50 of ≥128 mg/L. The results showed that simultaneous resistance to teicoplanin, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacine, tetracycline and erythromycin were observed the most frequent pattern. All the vancomycin resistant E. faecium isolates carried the van A gene. intensive care units (ICUs) and Kidney transplantation, are most probably the wards with highest risk of infection by VRE. 17 pulsotypes were also detected by PFGE, most of the related pulsotypes belongs to the same hospitals.

Conclusions
This study shows the high alarming prevalence of Enterococcus faecium infection and similar clones of VREfm strains in Iranian hospitals with threatening resistance phenotypes.

Virtual slides
The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1270863903102282
Reconstruction of the experimentally supported human protein interactome: what can we learn?
Authors: Klapa Maria I , Tsafou Kalliopi , Theodoridis Evangelos , Tsakalidis Athanasios , Moschonas Nicholas K 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Understanding the topology and dynamics of the human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network will significantly contribute to biomedical research, therefore its systematic reconstruction is required. Several meta-databases integrate source PPI datasets, but the protein node sets of their networks vary depending on the PPI data combined. Due to this inherent heterogeneity, the way in which the human PPI network expands via multiple dataset integration has not been comprehensively analyzed. We aim at assembling the human interactome in a global structured way and exploring it to gain insights of biological relevance.

Results
First, we defined the UniProtKB manually reviewed human “complete” proteome as the reference protein-node set and then we mined five major source PPI datasets for direct PPIs exclusively between the reference proteins. We updated the protein and publication identifiers and normalized all PPIs to the UniProt identifier level. The reconstructed interactome covers approximately 60% of the human proteome and has a scale-free structure. No apparent differentiating gene functional classification characteristics were identified for the unrepresented proteins. The source dataset integration augments the network mainly in PPIs. Polyubiquitin emerged as the highest-degree node, but the inclusion of most of its identified PPIs may be reconsidered. The high number (>300) of connections of the subsequent fifteen proteins correlates well with their essential biological role. According to the power-law network structure, the unrepresented proteins should mainly have up to four connections with equally poorly-connected interactors.

Conclusions
Reconstructing the human interactome based on the a priori definition of the protein nodes enabled us to identify the currently included part of the human “complete” proteome, and discuss the role of the proteins within the network topology with respect to their function. As the network expansion has to comply with the scale-free theory, we suggest that the core of the human interactome has essentially emerged. Thus, it could be employed in systems biology and biomedical research, despite the considerable number of currently unrepresented proteins. The latter are probably involved in specialized physiological conditions, justifying the scarcity of related PPI information, and their identification can assist in designing relevant functional experiments and targeted text mining algorithms.
Trace elements can influence the physical properties of tooth enamel
Authors: Ghadimi Elnaz , Eimar Hazem , Marelli Benedetto , Nazhat Showan N , Asgharian Masoud , Vali Hojatollah , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that the size of apatite nanocrystals in tooth enamel can influence its physical properties. This important discovery raised a new question; which factors are regulating the size of these nanocrystals? Trace elements can affect crystallographic properties of synthetic apatite, therefore this study was designed to investigate how trace elements influence enamel’s crystallographic properties and ultimately its physical properties.
The concentration of trace elements in tooth enamel was determined for 38 extracted human teeth using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The following trace elements were detected: Al, K, Mg, S, Na, Zn, Si, B, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Ti. Simple and stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the correlations between trace elements concentration in enamel and its crystallographic structure, hardness, resistance to crack propagation, shade lightness and carbonate content. The presence of some trace elements in enamel was correlated with the size (Pb, Ti, Mn) and lattice parameters (Se, Cr, Ni) of apatite nanocrystals. Some trace elements such as Ti was significantly correlated with tooth crystallographic structure and consequently with hardness and shade lightness. We conclude that the presence of trace elements in enamel could influence its physical properties.
Glycaemic control in Australia and New Zealand before and after the NICE-SUGAR trial: a translational study
Authors: Kaukonen Kirsi-Maija , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David , Orford Neil , Finfer Simon , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
There is no information on the uptake of Intensive Insulin Therapy (IIT) before the Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation and Surviving Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) trial in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and on the bi-national response to the trial, yet such data would provide important information on the evolution of ANZ practice in this field. We aimed to study ANZ glycaemic control before and after the publication of the results of the NICE-SUGAR trial.

Methods
We analysed glucose control in critically ill patients across Australia and New Zealand during a two-year period before and after the publication of the NICE-SUGAR study. We used the mean first day glucose (Glu1) (a validated surrogate of ICU glucose control) to define practice. The implementation of an IIT protocol was presumed if the median of Glu1 measurements was <6.44 mmol/L for a given ICU. Hypoglycaemia was categorised as severe (glucose ≤2.2 mmol/L) or moderate (glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L).

Results
We studied 49 ICUs and 176,505 patients. No ICU practiced IIT before or after NICE-SUGAR. Overall, Glu1 increased from 7.96 (2.95) mmol/L to 8.03 (2.92) mmol/L (P <0.0001) after NICE-SUGAR. Similar increases were noted in all patient subgroups studied (surgical, medical, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, ICU stay >48/<48 hours). The rate of severe and moderate hypoglycaemia before and after NICE-SUGAR study were 0.59% vs. 0.55% (P =0.33) and 6.62% vs. 5.68% (P <0.0001), respectively. Both crude and adjusted mortalities declined over the study period.

Conclusions
IIT had not been adopted in ANZ before the NICE-SUGAR study and glycaemic control corresponded to that delivered in the control arm of NICE-SUGAR trial. There were only minor changes in practice after the trial toward looser glycaemic control. The rate of moderate hypoglycaemia and mortality decreased along with such changes.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit immature nucleus pulposus cell phenotype in a laminin-rich pseudo-three-dimensional culture system
Authors: Chon Brian H , Lee Esther J , Jing Liufang , Setton Lori A , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Cell supplementation to the herniated or degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) is a potential strategy to promote tissue regeneration and slow disc pathology. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) – originating from the Wharton’s jelly – remain an attractive candidate for such endeavors with their ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. Previously, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied as a potential source for disc tissue regeneration. However, no studies have demonstrated that MSCs can regenerate matrix with unique characteristics matching that of immature nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of the IVD. In our prior work, immature NP cells were found to express specific laminin isoforms and laminin-binding receptors that may serve as phenotypic markers for evaluating MSC differentiation to NP-like cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate these markers and matrix synthesis for HUCMSCs cultured in a laminin-rich pseudo-three-dimensional culture system.

Methods
HUCMSCs were seeded on top of Transwell inserts pre-coated with Matrigel™, which contained mainly laminin-111. Cells were cultured under hypoxia environment with three differentiation conditions: NP differentiation media (containing 2.5% Matrigel™ solution to provide for a pseudo-three-dimensional laminin culture system) with no serum, or the same media supplemented with either insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Cell clustering behavior, matrix production and the expression of NP-specific laminin and laminin-receptors were evaluated at days 1, 7, 13 and 21 of culture.

Results
Data show that a pseudo-three-dimensional culture condition (laminin-1 rich) promoted HUCMSC differentiation under no serum conditions. Starting at day 1, HUCMSCs demonstrated a cell clustering morphology similar to that of immature NP cells in situ and that observed for primary immature NP cells within the similar laminin-rich culture system (prior study). Differentiated HUCMSCs under all conditions were found to contain glycosaminoglycan, expressed extracellular matrix proteins of collagen II and laminin α5, and laminin receptors (integrin α3 and β4 subunits). However, neither growth factor treatment generated distinct differences in NP-like phenotype for HUCMSC as compared with no-serum conditions.

Conclusions
HUCMSCs have the potential to differentiate into cells sharing features with immature NP cells in a laminin-rich culture environment and may be useful for IVD cellular therapy.
Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity After Human Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rickels Michael R. , Kong Stephanie M. , Fuller Carissa , Dalton-Bakes Cornelia , Ferguson Jane F. , Reilly Muredach P. , Teff Karen L. , Naji Ali 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Islet transplantation can improve metabolic control for type 1 diabetes (T1D), an effect anticipated to improve insulin sensitivity. However, current immunosuppression regimens containing tacrolimus and sirolimus have been shown to induce insulin resistance in rodents.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of islet transplantation on insulin sensitivity in T1D using euglycemic clamps with the isotopic dilution method to distinguish between effects at the liver and skeletal muscle.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Twelve T1D subjects underwent evaluation in the Clinical and Translational Research Center before and between 6 and 7 months after the transplant and were compared with normal control subjects.

Intervention:
The intervention included intrahepatic islet transplantation according to a Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium protocol under low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus immunosuppression.

Main Outcome Measures:
Total body (M/Δinsulin), hepatic (1/endogenous glucose production ·basal insulin) and peripheral [(Rd − endogenous glucose production)/Δinsulin] insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic (1 mU·kg−1·min−1) euglycemic (∼90 mg/dL) clamps with 6,6-2H2-glucose tracer infusion were measured.

Results:
Glycosylated hemoglobin was reduced in the transplant recipients from 7.0% ± 0.3% to 5.6% ± 0.1% (P &lt; .01). There were increases in total (0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.02 dL/min·kg per microunit per milliliter), hepatic [2.3 ± 0.1 to 3.7 ± 0.4 × 102 ([milligrams per kilogram per minute]−1·(microunits per milliliter)−1)], and peripheral (0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.12 ± 0.02 dL/min·kg per microunit per milliliter) insulin sensitivity from before to after transplantation (P &lt; .05 for all). All insulin sensitivity measures were less than normal in T1D before (P ≤ .05) and not different from normal after transplantation.

Conclusions:
Islet transplantation results in improved insulin sensitivity mediated by effects at both the liver and skeletal muscle. Modern dosing of glucocorticoid-free immunosuppression with low-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus does not induce insulin resistance in this population.
The Bipartite Rationing Problem
Authors: Moulin Hervé , Sethuraman Jay 
Published: October 2013

In the bipartite rationing problem, a set of agents share a single resource available in different “types,” each agent has a claim over only a subset of the resource types, and these claims overlap in arbitrary fashion. The goal is to divide fairly the various types of resources between the claimants when resources are in short supply. With a single type of resource, this is the standard rationing problem [O'Neill B (1982) A problem of rights arbitration from the Talmud. Math. Soc. Sci. 2(4):345–371], of which the three benchmark solutions are the proportional, uniform gains, and uniform losses methods. We extend these methods to the bipartite context, imposing the familiar consistency requirement: the division is unchanged if we remove an agent (respectively, a resource), and take away at the same time his share of the various resources (respectively, reduce the claims of the relevant agents). The uniform gains and uniform losses methods have infinitely many consistent extensions, but the proportional method has only one. In contrast, we find that most parametric rationing methods [Young HP (1987a) On dividing an amount according to individual claims or liabilities. Math. Oper. Res. 12(3):397–414], [Thomson W (2003) Axiomatic and game-theoretic analysis of bankruptcy and taxation problems. Math. Soc. Sci. 45(3):249–297] cannot be consistently extended.
Note on the Optimal Size of Government
Authors: Chiung Ting Chao 
Published: October 2013

Since government is a nonprofit organization, I apply firmtheory under zero profit condition to analyze the optimal sizeof government. Government should minimize short­runaverage cost while demand for public service is equal tosupply of public service. The optimal size of governmentimplies (1) tax is minimized under balance budget givenpublic service and (2) budget surplus and budget deficit areinefficient (i.e., balance budget is Pareto optimum)
Issues Of Managerial Accounting Methodology
Authors: E.V Barulina , M.S Barulina 
Published: October 2013

This article deals with management accounting, its role and objectives during financial planning process. Research of on American, German and Russian scientists are also considered. Author formulates his own definitions of aims of management accounting, highlighters that object of financial accounting have to include economic costs, economic revenue and economic added value, economic interest. More over Author defines methods of managment accounting.
OBSTACLES OF ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTION OF IFRS IN LIBYA
Authors: LAGA MASAUD  
Published: October 2013

This paper focused on the practical obstacles that will facethe process of implementing of International FinancialReporting Standards (IFRS), with particular reference toLibya. Due to certain weakness of its accountinginfrastructure, there is no doubt that adoption andimplementing of IFRS in Libya is not an easy task as somemight think. Therefore, although in implementing of IFRS Libya will gain many benefit including increasing the level of comparability and provide more reliable, accurate, transparence and valid financial accounting information. However, the process of implementing IFRS in Libya will face several obstacles including lack of technical skills andinadequate knowledge of Libyan professional accountants,the difficulty to develop its existing accounting systems, anda regulatory framework to cope with economic and socialdevelopment, and recent evolution in accounting professionincluding international financial reporting standardsapplication, inadequate education and training ofaccountants. This paper reveals that many necessary stepsshould be taken to overcome such obstacles which includestrengthen professional accountancy body (LAAA) toimprove the status of profession, revisions of curriculum foreducating and training of professional accountants to enableaccountants to gain exposure to international developmentsin the profession including IFRS application.
The Combined Operation The Cancer Of The Rectum With Germination In Genital Organs
Authors: Bobokulov H , Hakimov A 
Published: October 2013

The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum.The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 2005-2009 years.Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years - 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years - 54 patients, 60 and above years.The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurative-inflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno - perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%).The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients.The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5-year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same.
Surgical Treatment With Nonunion Of The Lateral Humeral Condyle Of Humerus With Cubitus Valgus In Children Using Apparat Ilizarov
Authors: Khujanazarov Ilkhom , Khodjanov Iskandar 
Published: October 2013

Background. Nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle are of the complex pathology of the elbow joint, occurring relatively often and resulting in disability of children.The treatment of nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus remains controversial. Purpose of this report was improvement of the results of surgical treatment of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus with use of differential approach to the surgical strategy.Material and methods. We were observing 28 children (17 boys and 11 girls) with nonunion and long-standing nonunion of lateral condyle of humerus, with various degrees of severity. There were used MRI and X-ray investigations for differential study of the patients divided into 3 groups in relation to stability and non-stability of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus.Results. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarov’s technique. The mean postoperative humerus-ulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse T-osteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarov’s technique. The mean postoperative humerus-ulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse T-osteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients.