bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glass‐like dynamics in the cell and in cellular collectives
Authors: Sadati Monirosadat , Nourhani Amir , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Taheri Qazvini Nader 
Published: January 2014

Prominent fluctuations, heterogeneity, and cooperativity dominate the dynamics of the cytoskeleton as well as the dynamics of the cellular collective. Such systems are out of equilibrium, disordered, and remain poorly understood. To explain these findings, we consider a unifying mechanistic rubric that imagines these systems as comprising phases of soft condensed matter in proximity to a glass or jamming transition, with associated transitions between solid‐like versus liquid‐like phases. At the scale of the cytoskeleton, data suggest that intermittent dynamics, kinetic arrest, and dynamic heterogeneity represent mesoscale features of glassy protein–protein interactions that link underlying biochemical events to integrative cellular behaviors such as crawling, contraction, and remodeling. At the scale of the multicellular collective, jamming has the potential to unify diverse biological factors that previously had been considered mostly as acting separately and independently. Although a quantitative relationship between intra‐ and intercellular dynamics is still lacking, glassy dynamics and jamming offer insights linking the mechanobiology of cell to human physiology and pathophysiology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:137–149. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1258This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Bis(ethoxo)tetrathio‐μ‐disulfido‐diphosphate Salt: [pyH]2[P2S6(OEt)2]
Authors: Schönberger Stefanie , Krönauer Sinah , Klapötke Thomas M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract The new dithiophosphate anion P2S6(OEt)22– was obtained from the reaction of commercially available P4S10 with Na2S in pyridine, subsequent ethanolysis and isolated as the stable bis(pyridinium) salt 1. The molecular structure of 1 in the crystal was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and reveals a PSSP dihedral angle of 87.3(1)° within the anion. The compound is a rare representative of a thiodiphosphate anion with a disulfide bridge between the two phosphorus atoms.
Ethnic differences in CAPN10 SNP-19 in type 2 diabetes: a North-West Indian case control study and evidence from meta-analysis
Authors: SHARMA RUBINA , MATHAROO KAWALJIT , KAPOOR ROHIT , CHOPRA HIMANSHI , BHANWER AJS 
Published: January 2014

SummaryCalpain 10 (CAPN10) variants have been associated with the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the present case-control study, we analysed the distribution of SNP-19 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in a total of 607 samples (103 T2D cases and 102 healthy controls) from Brahmin; (100 T2D cases and 100 healthy controls) from Bania and (100 T2D cases and 102 healthy controls) from Jat Sikh ethnic groups of the North-West Indian population. Increased frequency of I allele and II genotype was found in T2D in Brahmin ethnic group [P = 0·003, OR = 2·83 (1·43–5·61 at 95% CI)]. Significant correlation between II genotype and body mass index (BMI) was also observed [P = 0·003, OR = 3·31 (1·52–7·20 at 95% CI)]. No association for the genotypes and alleles was seen in Banias and Jat Sikhs. Our data suggests that SNP-19 I/D variation in the CAPN10 gene is modulated by ethnicity and influences the susceptibility to T2D in the North-West Indian population. We also performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to assess the validity of this association. Data from 13 case-control studies with 15 760 samples comprising of 8395 T2D cases and 7365 controls were finally analysed. Significant heterogeneity between individual studies was evident in dominant and codominant models. The results of present meta-analysis indicate an association of T2D with carriers of DD genotype of CAPN10 I/D polymorphism. However, further analyses on a larger sample size are required to establish a conclusive association in meta-analysis.
Ion acoustic traveling waves
Authors: Webb G. M. , Burrows R. H. , Ao X. , Zank G. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractModels for traveling waves in multi-fluid plasmas give essential insight into fully nonlinear wave structures in plasmas, not readily available from either numerical simulations or from weakly nonlinear wave theories. We illustrate these ideas using one of the simplest models of an electron–proton multi-fluid plasma for the case where there is no magnetic field or a constant normal magnetic field present. We show that the traveling waves can be reduced to a single first-order differential equation governing the dynamics. We also show that the equations admit a multi-symplectic Hamiltonian formulation in which both the space and time variables can act as the evolution variable. An integral equation useful for calculating adiabatic, electrostatic solitary wave signatures for multi-fluid plasmas with arbitrary mass ratios is presented. The integral equation arises naturally from a fluid dynamics approach for a two fluid plasma, with a given mass ratio of the two species (e.g. the plasma could be an electron–proton or an electron–positron plasma). Besides its intrinsic interest, the integral equation solution provides a useful analytical test for numerical codes that include a proton–electron mass ratio as a fundamental constant, such as for particle in cell (PIC) codes. The integral equation is used to delineate the physical characteristics of ion acoustic traveling waves consisting of hot electron and cold proton fluids.
Forgetting the power of leaven: The historical method in recent New Testament theology
Authors: Heringer Seth 
Published: January 2014

AbstractErnst Troeltsch and Heikki Räisänen have raised significant challenges to the way New Testament theology handles the relation of history and theology. Troeltsch pushed Christian scholars to apply the historical method's three principles of criticism, analogy and correlation consistently to their work and thus embrace empiricism. Räisänen continues this trajectory by splitting New Testament theology into its descriptive and reflective tasks, resulting in a programme which questions the unity of the canon, the appropriateness of prescription and the role of church authority in New Testament theology. With these challenges in mind, this article examines four recent New Testament theologies to see how they use the historical method. It finds that these works exhibit different ad hoc ways of using the historical method, picking it up and setting it down at will. Peter Balla accepts New Testament theology as descriptive and historical while claiming it can also be theological by studying the content in the New Testament. Despite this embrace of the historical method, Balla remains uncomfortable with bare empiricism and pushes back on its naturalism. Georg Strecker splits the world into two: one part which can be investigated by the historical method and another part which lies outside its normal subject matter. The result is that he uses the historical method everywhere except where his main theological concern lies – Jesus’ resurrection. I. Howard Marshall similarly holds the historical method to be necessary for New Testament theology but largely ignores it in light of narrative-theological concerns. Frank Matera takes a purposefully literary approach to New Testament theology and generally ignores the historical method. He does invoke it, however, when the text becomes difficult and alternative readings must be found. The methodological inconsistency demonstrated by these New Testament theologies leads the article to conclude that this type of historical New Testament theology is a failed enterprise. A theological understanding of history based on work by Murray Rae is then proposed as an alternative which allows for methodological consistency in synthetic work on the New Testament.
Policy image resilience, multidimensionality, and policy image management: a study of US biofuel policy
Authors: Mondou Matthieu , Skogstad Grace , Houle David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper contributes to our understanding of why delegitimising focusing events, combined with the mobilisation of policy losers, does not always result in major policy change by undermining a monopolistic policy image and policy subsystem. Based on a close enquiry of American biofuel policy development, it argues that we can make headway in this endeavour by focusing on three factors: first, the congruence of a policy image with core values of the polity; second, the multidimensionality of a policy image; and third, policy image management strategies that maintain cohesion among coalition supporters and respond to outside criticism. In understanding better why some policy images (and policy monopolies) prove resilient when they come under assault, this paper offers a single case plausibility probe supported by indicative evidence from other policy studies.
Globally stable control of a dynamic bipedal walker using adaptive frequency oscillators
Authors: Aguirre-Ollinger Gabriel 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe present a control method for a simple limit-cycle bipedal walker that uses adaptive frequency oscillators (AFOs) to generate stable gaits. Existence of stable limit cycles is demonstrated with an inverted-pendulum model. This model predicts a proportional relationship between hip torque amplitude and stride frequency. The closed-loop walking control incorporates adaptive Fourier analysis to generate a uniform oscillator phase. Gait solutions (fixed points) are predicted via linearization of the walker model, and employed as initial conditions to generate exact solutions via simulation. Global stability is determined via a recursive algorithm that generates the approximate basin of attraction of a fixed point. We also present an initial study on the implementation of AFO-based control on a bipedal walker with realistic mass distribution and articulated knee joints.
Hybrid control for SLIP-based robots running on unknown rough terrain
Authors: Han Bin , Luo Xin , Liu Qingyu , Zhou Bo , Chen Xuedong 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYRapid and efficient dynamic stability control has been one of the important motivations in legged robot research, especially for legged robots running at high speed and/or on rough terrain. This paper presents a feasible control strategy, named Hybrid Feedback Control (HFC), for running systems based on the spring-loaded inverted pendulum principle (SLIP). The HFC strategy, which comprises two modules (i.e., touchdown angle control and energy compensation), predicts and regulates touchdown angle of the current cycle and need-to-complement energy input of the next cycle through hybrid feedback of flying apex state. This strategy can significantly reduce the computational complexity and enable the system to quickly converge to its control target, meeting the requirements of real-time control. Simulation experiments on various terrains were conducted to verify the adaptability of our HFC strategy. Results of these simulation experiments show that the approach herein can realize the periodical stability control of SLIP systems on different terrain conditions quickly and effectively.
NRR: a nonholonomic random replanner for navigation of car-like robots in unknown environments
Authors: Masehian Ellips , Kakahaji Hossein 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new sensor-based approach called nonholonomic random replanner (NRR) is presented for motion planning of car-like mobile robots. The robot is incrementally directed toward its destination using a nonholonomic rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm. At each iteration, the robot's perceived map of the environment is updated using sensor readings and is used for local motion planning. If the goal was not visible to the robot, an approximate path toward the goal is calculated and the robot traces it to an extent within its sensor range. The robot updates its motion to goal through replanning. This procedure is repeated until the goal lies within the scope of the robot, after which it finds a more precise path by sampling in a tighter Goal Region for the nonholonomic RRT. Three main replanning strategies are proposed to decide when to perform a visibility scan and when to replan a new path. Those are named Basic, Deliberative and Greedy strategies, which yield different paths. The NRR was also modified for motion planning of Dubin's car-like robots. The proposed algorithm is probabilistically complete and its effectiveness and efficiency were tested by running several simulations and the resulting runtimes and path lengths were compared to the basic RRT method.
Percolation of finite clusters and infinite surfaces
Authors: GRIMMETT GEOFFREY R. , HOLROYD ALEXANDER E. , KOZMA GADY 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo related issues are explored for bond percolation on${\mathbb{Z}^d$(withd≥ 3) and its dual plaquette process. Firstly, for what values of the parameterpdoes the complement of the infinite open cluster possess an infinite component? The corresponding critical pointpfinsatisfiespfin≥pc, and strict inequality is proved when eitherdis sufficiently large, ord≥ 7 and the model is sufficiently spread out. It is not known whetherd≥ 3 suffices. Secondly, for whatpdoes there exist an infinite dual surface of plaquettes? The associated critical pointpsurfsatisfiespsurf≥pfin.
Orientation of actin filaments in teleost retinal pigment epithelial cells, and the effect of the lectin, Concanavalin A, on melanosome motility
Authors: KING-SMITH CHRISTINA , VAGNOZZI RONALD J. , FISCHER NICOLE E. , GANNON PATRICK , GUNNAM SATYA 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelial cells of teleosts contain numerous melanosomes (pigment granules) that exhibit light-dependent motility. In light, melanosomes disperse out of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell body (CB) into long apical projections that interdigitate with rod photoreceptors, thus shielding the photoreceptors from bleaching. In darkness, melanosomes aggregate through the apical projections back into the CB. Previous research has demonstrated that melanosome motility in the RPE CB requires microtubules, but in the RPE apical projections, actin filaments are necessary and sufficient for motility. We used myosin S1 labeling and platinum replica shadowing of dissociated RPE cells to determine actin filament polarity in apical projections. Actin filament bundles within RPE apical projections are uniformly oriented with barbed ends toward the distal tips. Treatment of RPE cells with the tetravalent lectin, Concanavalin A, which has been shown to suppress cortical actin flow by crosslinking of cell-surface proteins, inhibited melanosome aggregation and stimulated ectopic filopodia formation but did not block melanosome dispersion. The polarity orientation of F-actin in apical projections suggests that a barbed-end directed myosin motor could effect dispersion of melanosomes from the CB into apical projections. Inhibition of aggregation, but not dispersion, by ConA confirms that different actin-dependent mechanisms control these two processes and suggests that melanosome aggregation is sensitive to treatments previously shown to disrupt actin cortical flow.
Language-related computer use: Focus on young L2 English learners in Sweden
Authors: Sundqvist Pia , Sylvén Liss Kerstin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a study investigating young English language learners (YELLs) in Sweden in 4th grade (N = 76, aged 10–11). Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire and a one-week language diary. The main purpose was to examine the learners’ L2 English language-related activities outside of school in general, and their use of computers and engagement in playing digital games in particular. A comparison is made between language-related activities in English, Swedish, and other languages. Another purpose was to see whether there is a relationship between playing digital games and (a) gender, (b) L1, (c) motivation for learning English, (d) self-assessed English ability, and (e) self-reported strategies for speaking English. In order to do so, the sample was divided into three digital game groups, (1) non-gamers, (2) moderate, and (3) frequent gamers (≥4 hours/week), based on diary data (using self-reported times for playing digital games in English). Results showed that YELLs are extensively involved in extramural English (EE) activities (M = 7.2 hrs/w). There are statistically significant gender differences, boys (11.5 hrs/w) and girls (5.1 hrs/w; p < .01), the reason being boys’ greater time investment in digital gaming and watching films. The girls, on the other hand, spent significantly more time on pastime language-related activities in Swedish (11.5 hrs/w) than the boys (8.0 hrs/w; p < .05), the reason being girls’ greater time investment in facebooking. Investigation of the digital game groups revealed that group (1) was predominantly female, (2) a mix, and (3) predominantly male. YELLs with an L1 other than Swedish were overrepresented in group (3). Motivation and self-assessed English ability were high across all groups. Finally, regarding the self-reported strategies, code-switching to one's L1 was more commonly reported by non- and moderate gamers than frequent gamers.
The effects of L1 and L2 e-glosses on incidental vocabulary learning of junior high-school English students
Authors: Hu Si-Min , Vongpumivitch Viphavee , Chang Jason S. , Liou Hsien-Chin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile researchers have examined the effectiveness of various online gloss types on incidental L2 vocabulary learning, little research on online gloss languages has been conducted. Previous attempts which compared the effects of L1 and L2 glosses have reported mixed results. To fill the gaps, this study examined the effectiveness of Chinese and English e-glosses on incidental English vocabulary learning on a less-researched student group in CALL – junior high-school English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) students. Seventy-eight students with Chinese as their first language read two online passages with either Chinese (L1) or English (L2) glosses. They were divided into four treatment groups: (1) high-proficiency students receiving L1 gloss before L2 gloss (n = 19), (2) high-proficiency students receiving L2 gloss before L1 gloss (n = 19), (3) low-proficiency students receiving L1 gloss before L2 gloss (n = 20), and (4) low-proficiency students receiving L2 gloss before L1 gloss (n = 20). After reading, the students were assessed with a vocabulary test which contained a definition-supply part and a cloze part serving as both post-tests and delayed post-tests. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were utilized to analyze the score data. Significant differences were found not only among the four groups but also between the two post-tests. Overall the high proficiency groups performed better in the post-tests, but the high proficiency group who received English glosses remembered more words in the delayed post-test than the high proficiency group who received Chinese glosses. The results show that as learners’ proficiency increases, they may be able to make better use of the L2 conceptual links for word retention and learning. The conclusions support the usefulness of both Chinese and English e-glosses which should be selected based on learners’ proficiency level.
Paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: clinical profile and outcome. The experience of a tertiary centre for paediatric cardiology
Authors: Miranda Joana O. , Costa Liane , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Teles Elisa L. , Baptista Maria J. , Areias José C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in the paediatric population and an important cause of heart transplantation in children. The clinical profile and course of dilated cardiomyopathy in children have been poorly characterised. A retrospective review of 61 patients (37 female; 24 male) diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy from January, 2005 to June, 2012 at a single institution was performed. The median age at diagnosis was 15 months. Heart failure was present in 83.6% of patients and 44.3% required intensive care. The most prevalent causes were idiopathic (47.5%), viral myocarditis (18.0%) and inherited metabolic diseases (11.5%). In viral myocarditis, Parvovirus B19 was the most common identified agent, in concurrence with the increasing incidence documented recently. Inherited metabolic diseases were responsible for 11.5% of dilated cardiomyopathy cases compared with the 4–6% described in the literature, which reinforces the importance of considering this aetiology in differential diagnosis of paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. The overall mortality rate was 16.1% and five patients underwent heart transplantation. In our series, age at diagnosis and aetiology were the most important prognosis factors. We report no mortality in the five patients who underwent heart transplantation, after 2 years of follow-up.
Let's Face It: Facial Emotion Processing Is Impaired in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Van Rheenen Tamsyn Elizabeth , Rossell Susan Lee 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) have difficulty in recognizing and discriminating facial emotions. However, beyond this broad finding, existing literature is equivocal about the specific nature of impairments, and progress toward adequately profiling facial emotion processing in BD is hampered by methodological inconsistencies. The current study aimed to advance the literature by comparing 50 BD patients and 52 controls on a series of facial emotion processing tasks. Results indicated that patients with BD had a small, yet consistent impairment in emotion processing overall. This impairment did not vary as a function of specific emotions, tasks, or intensities between groups, and was not influenced by current mood state. These results suggest that past inconsistencies in the literature are unlikely to be attributable to task related artifacts influencing the estimation of an effect. These findings add to our understanding of social cognition in BD, and have important implications for clinicians treating patients with the disorder. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Structure learning of probabilistic logic programs by searching the clause space
Authors: BELLODI ELENA , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLearning probabilistic logic programming languages is receiving an increasing attention, and systems are available for learning the parameters (PRISM, LeProbLog, LFI-ProbLog and EMBLEM) or both structure and parameters (SEM-CP-logic and SLIPCASE) of these languages. In this paper we present the algorithm SLIPCOVER for “Structure LearnIng of Probabilistic logic programs by searChing OVER the clause space.” It performs a beam search in the space of probabilistic clauses and a greedy search in the space of theories using the log likelihood of the data as the guiding heuristics. To estimate the log likelihood, SLIPCOVER performs Expectation Maximization with EMBLEM. The algorithm has been tested on five real world datasets and compared with SLIPCASE, SEM-CP-logic, Aleph and two algorithms for learning Markov Logic Networks (Learning using Structural Motifs (LSM) and ALEPH++ExactL1). SLIPCOVER achieves higher areas under the precision-recall and receiver operating characteristic curves in most cases.