bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Small Business Enterprises of Russia Attract Investments: Practices and Problems
Authors: Фомичева  , Fomicheva Irina 
Published: October 2014

Considered are possible sources of real investments for small businesses. It is
shown how foreign investments in Russia make shifts towards securities
market. Dynamics and structure of domestic sources of debt funds for fixed
capital financing are examined. Considerable growth rates of the volume of
investments is emphasized as well as growing number of sources of financing
with substantial share of budgetary funds in the total amount of investment.
Factors conducive to investment activities are outlined. Dynamics of mortgage
lending, as the author shows, is not actually impacted neither by the dynamics
of interest rates, nor by exchange rates ratio and inflation rates in Russia, while
underuse of budgetary funds allocated for programs of small and medium
business support proves that public policy in this sphere is inefficient.
Japonia i Unia Europejska w obliczu nowej fali liberalizacji handlu światowego
Authors: Stępień Sebastian 
Published: October 2014

The EU‑ Japan relations and a new wave of international trade liberalization
The European Union and Japan have clearly been the heavyweights of international trade for decades. They are the first and the fourth largest economies in the world, respectively. Together they account for nearly one third of the global GDP and almost a quarter of all international trade. And yet their bilateral trade has been underperforming in recent years. Trade in goods actually declined since 2000 – both in relative and absolute terms – and trade in services, as well as foreign direct investment, clearly do not reflect the clout of these two advanced economies. However, since 2010 there have been serious attempts from the Japanese government and the European Commission at finding a way to revive and foster the EU‑Japan bilateral trade and economic relationship. In March 2013 they decided to launch negotiations in order to establish a comprehensive free trade area, or FTA. This article describes developments leading up to that point and presents an analysis of problems affecting the EU‑Japan trade. It does so in the context of a recent surge of international activity as regards trade liberalization through FTA negotiations following the effective failure of global trade talks in the World Trade Organization forum.
Polityka społeczna w myśli politycznej Narodowego Odrodzenia Polski, Polskiej Wspólnoty Narodowej-Polskiego Stronnictwa Narodowego i Obozu Narodowo-Radykalnego
Authors: Dawidowicz Aneta 
Published: October 2014

Social policy in the political thought of national extremist groups in Poland after 1989, The National Rebirth of Poland, The Polish National Community‑Polish National Party, The National Radical Camp
The following organisations can be considered representatives of national extremism in Poland after 1989: a) The National Rebirth of Poland, b) The Polish National Community‑Polish National Party, c) The National Radical Camp. They have been categorised as being national extremist as they meet the following criteria: 1) the rejection of democracy and the concept of civil society, 2) the negation of the political system transformation model implemented after 1989, 3) the approval of violence as a means to the alternation of power, 4) the pursuit of a new political order which is treated as a model to which there is no alternative, 5) the presence in political thought of countercultural and nativistic elements, 6) the acceptance of integral Catholicism, 7) the use of a distinctive and individual vocabulary, 8) the use of original symbols. In the case of national extremist groups we can only talk about a social policy that is postulated and in the concept phase where there are no possibilities of implementing its objectives.
Jan Paweł II i obecność Stolicy Apostolskiej na Czarnym Lądzie
Authors: Hoser Henryk 
Published: October 2014

John Paul II and the presence of the Holy See on the Black Continent
I. Africa – discovering an unknown land. Africa – the poorest continent, tormented by numerous plagues, malnutrition, diseases, persistent conflicts. The land of neocolonial expansion of great powers where evangelization brought a marked leap in civilization. II. John Paul II – the missionary of Africa. John Paul II made 14 pilgrimages to Africa, he visited 42 out of the existing 54 countries. He frequently made reference to the history and culture of all of the countries that he visited, he encouraged the development of the native African family culture, he brought hope and made appeals for justice. III. The content of his message, the peculiarity of its recipients. The legacy of John Paul II – numerous speeches and addresses directed to the societies and the faithful of the African continent. The statements concerned the problems of the great regions of the continent. IV. Apostolic Nuntiatures. The Vatican maintains diplomatic relations with the majority of the countries of Africa – there are ca. 40 Apostolic Nuntiatures. The Nuntiatures are a reliable source of information and appreciation of the situation because they receive data from the most remote parts of parishes and missionary stations. V. The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. The dioceses of young Churches are within the missionary jurisdiction of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. This applies to the overwhelming majority of the African countries. VI. The Papal Missionary Works. They were established by Pope Pius XI in 1922. The Papal Works provide all spiritual and material assistance acquired in countries of greater possibilities and prior evangelization to missionary countries, including the countries of Africa. VII. From Ecclesia in Africa to Africae Munus. Ecclesia in Africa is the final document of the Apostolic Adhortation which was proclaimed on 14 September 1995, whereas Africae Munus is the final document of the II Special Assembly for Africa – prepared by John Paul II and called by Benedict XVI. The document was proclaimed on 11 November 2011.
Jan Paweł II wobec zmian w Polsce w związku z wejściem do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Suchocka Hanna 
Published: October 2014

John Paul II’s position toward the changes in Poland associated with joining the European Union
As regards the approach to political problems, John Paul II’s pontificate was different from previous pontificates. Nowadays, due to the media phenomenon of Pope Francis, one tends to forget about the shock, in the positive sense of the word, which was associated with the nomination of Karol Wojtyła to become the pope and his famous words: “Do not be afraid”. These words were as political as they could be. They were addressed mainly to Poland, but not only to that country. John Paul II calmly paved the way for the future unification of Europe. He used the means that were accessible to the Holy See and one of this decisions was to proclaim St. Cyril and St. Methodius as the patrons of Europe. The problem of the European Constitution was doubtlessly a painful area for John Paul II. The document lacked a reference to Christianity. The Polish Pope frequently and explicitly stated that European civilization grew from Christian roots. During the course of this pontificate John Paul II persistently struggled for respecting human rights and for freedom. As far as this area is concerned, Europe seems to pursue a different course than the one which John Paul II tried to define. In other words, Europe set out upon a course which was so much feared by John Paul II and this is the reason that since the very beginning the latter made appeals to establish the European continent in the domain of values. During his visit in 1991 he also warned the Polish people against revelling in their recently regained freedom. Despite his concerns about the course that Europe pursued, John Paul II never became discouraged by the “European project”. He always claimed that Poland belongs in Europe. And that is why, on the eve of Poland joining the European Union, that he addressed the following words directly to the Polish people: Poland needs Europe and Europe needs Poland; our involvement in European structures is a challenge. The Pope appreciated the concerns entertained by eurosceptics, but he emphasized the point that today Poland, which was always a part of Poland, may not divorce itself from this Community.
Jan Paweł II i ekumenizm
Authors: Ptasznik Paweł 
Published: October 2014

John Paul II and ecumenism
A turning point for the approach of the Catholic Church to the question of the unity of Christians was brought by the Second Vatican Council which began in 1962. Observers from Churches and separate communities were invited to participate in the Council. The events which illustrate John Paul II’s engagement toward the reconciliation of Christians i.e. the Encyclical Slavorum Apostoli (2.06.1985), The apostolic Letter Orientale lumen (2.05.1995), The Encyclical Ut unum sint (25.05.1995), The Declaration Dominus Jesus (6.08.2000). The inauguration of the Anniversary Year of 2000 in the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls and the “Ecumenical Remembrance of the Witnesses of Faith of the 20th Century” as crucial events in the field of the reconciliation of Christians. The ecumenical contacts with the Orthodox Church. The first of such contacts was John Paul II’s visit to Istanbul in 1979 and the meeting with the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, Dimitrios. Further meetings with the representatives of the Orthodox Church took place: in 1987 in the Vatican; in 1991 during the Synod of the Bishops of Europe; in 1994 the solemnities of the Station of the Cross on Good Friday were attended by the Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I; in 1999 John Paul II visited Romania. The contacts with the Russian Orthodox Church, which sometimes was not satisfied with John Paul II’s contacts with e.g. Georgia in 1999, the Ukraine and Kazakhstan in 2001. The pope never made a visit to Russia due to the lack of consent on the part of the Orthodox Church. The history of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and the Society of of Pius X. With the establishment of the Society Lefebvre started to openly oppose the decisions of the Second Vatican Council. When he began to illegally confer Holy Orders in 1976, Pope Paul VI divested him from the authority of executing episcopal duties. John Paul II is presented as an indefatigable champion of ecumenism. He was a remarkable guide in this journey, he never lost sight of his goals and he set out directions of action. His appreciation of the current situation was also accurate.
Jan Paweł II wobec wartości kultury
Authors: Moskwa Jacek 
Published: October 2014

John Paul II position toward the values of culture
Karol Wojtyła was not the first pope to direct a message to the people of art. John Paul II also was not the first pope of modern times to write poems. We will not fall into error by saying that as the first contemporary pope he was an artist and that he remained one also as the head of the Holy See. It is a known fact that he performed as an actor on the stage in theatrical school productions and that he was an actor of Mieczysław Kolarczyk’s underground Rhapsodic Theatre in Kraków during the Nazi occupation. He never ceased to be a poet. He wrote poems and dramatic works during his years as a student, seminarian and priest, as a bishop and cardinal. In his Letter to the artists John Paul II addresses the artists as a peer addressing his peers by setting art on a pedestal and by comparing the toil of the artist to the work of God himself. The pope calls the people of art to dialogue by reminding them that the most important works of art were inspired by religion. One can hardly overlook the fact that this postulate is contrary to the trends of contemporary culture. The sphere of sacrum is frequently in a state of withdrawal. Every artist, especially if he is a writer, knows that evil is frequently more spectacular than good. Dante’s Inferno is more interesting than the Paradiso. It is Satan who is the protagonist of Milton’s Paradise Lost. However, in the works of the past, evil and ugliness were supposed to be in contrast with goodness and beauty and they were used to demonstrate God’s presence. Whereas in modern art, the void caused by the decline of its transcendent dimension is programmatically filled with such values that are marked with the sign of negation. The dawn of beauty and goodness is no longer to be seen on the horizon. It is the absence of the personal God that is particularly felt – of God who is the maker and measure of both values. When we apply the statement about beauty which is the shape of love to these works we notice that there is neither beauty nor love in them. There is neither compassion toward another human being in these works as well. What is even worse, there is even no form in these works. In this sense not only the Letter to the artists, but also John Paul II’s entire body of teaching is a firm expression of opposition toward that which is happening with modern culture.
Działalność Ambasady RP przy Stolicy Apostolskiej w okresie II wojny światowej
Authors: Fokciński Hieronim 
Published: October 2014

Activities of the Polish Embassy to the Holy See during World War II
The basic aim of the article is to shed light on the section of the Polish diplomatic history during the Second World War, namely the activity of the Polish Embassy to the Holy See. The author remembers the person of the Polish Ambassador Kazimierz Papée and the difficult political circumstances accompanying his tenure. The research on this part of Polish‑Vatican history is hindered by the fact of destruction of the documents or still inaccessible archives from that period of time.
Kontrowersje wokół polskiego konkordatu
Authors: Węgrzyn Robert 
Published: October 2014

Controversies about the Polish concordat
This article concerns discussion over controversy which accompanied preparations to signing of such specific international agreement as concordat is, between Polish State and the Holy See. After the period of annexation the Polish State signed in 1925 with the Holy See agreement that lost its binding force after the communists seized power in Poland in 1945. The Provisional Government of National Unity referred then to infringement of one of the concordat’s regulations by The Holy See and terminated the agreement. Many times in following years communist authorities tried to enter into diplomatic relations with the Catholic Church on their own conditions but every time the talks ended in failure. After gaining the independence in 1989 the Polish State faced the need not only to write and enact new constitution but also a new agreement with the Holy See which should have empowerment in this new constitution. Government of Hanna Suchocka brought into effect the signing of new concordat with the Holy See exposing by this themselves to many charges of legal and constitutional nature.
Nostalgia and/as loose causality in Belle Époque and La lengua de las mariposas
Authors: López-Quiñones Antonio Gómez 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Belle Époque (Trueba, 1992) and La lengua de las mariposas (Cuerda, 1999) offer a nostalgic representation of a specific Spanish past, the Second Republic. This period is rendered as an ahistorical, quasi-bucolic and freer time when sexual and/or cognitive desire circulated with fewer restrictions. In addition, in these two films, nostalgia is not only a set of topics or an emotional tone, but also (and above all) a narrative structure based on a semi-disjointed episodicity. The success of this episodic approach to the idealized scenario of the Second Republic cannot be properly understood without paying attention (and in contrast) to the type of films that a young generation of directors popularized in the 1990s. These film-makers emphasized tight causal plots and a thematic interest in pan-European, late-capitalist tribulations, such as commodification, lack of authenticity, delusion and social marginalization. In this context, Belle Époque and La lengua de las mariposas re-imagine a different, looser and less constrained experience of time and temporal succession.
Archival images and audiovisual testimony – Negotiating the end of empire in the documentary films Guerra Colonial. Histórias de Campanha em Moçambique (1998) and Natal 71 (1999)
Authors: Stock Robert 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article analyses Portuguese documentary films from the 1990s, when public discussions about the war of decolonization gained a new dynamic. The video series Guerra Colonial. Histórias de Campanha (Quirino Simões, 1998) relates the war in Angola, Guinea and Mozambique mainly by drawing on archival material and voice-over narration. Margarida Cardoso’s Natal 71 (1999) concentrates on specific episodes and individual experiences of the war in Mozambique. This article explores how the aforementioned films use certain strategies to include footage, other visual representations and audiovisual testimonies in order to create a specific image of the past. The leading question is not how much truth these films contain, but rather which techniques they implement in order to produce truth, authenticity and evidence about the war and the people involved. I will argue that documentary productions constitute a form of memory politics in which discussion and negotiation of the colonial past are brought forward from particular social frameworks situated in the present.
The Women’s Socialist Group of Madrid (1906–1927): (Re)defining citizenship for Spanish women
Authors: del Moral Vargas Marta 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the origins, main characteristics and some of the campaigns organized by the Women’s Socialist Group of Madrid (WSGM). It shows a general overview of the social diversity of WSGM’s members and of the different strategies advanced by their leaders. It argues that the WSGM played a decisive role in incorporating women from working-class backgrounds into the campaign for the recognition of women as full citizens, which was later achieved in the Constitution of the Second Republic in 1931.
Reviews
Authors: Rendeiro Margarida , Miller Austin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A Short History of the Spanish Civil War, Julián Casanova (2013) London: I.B. Tauris, 230 pp., ISBN 978-1-84885-658-5 (pbk), £12.99; ISBN 878-1-84885-657-8 (hbk)
Spanish Horror Film, Antonio Lázaro-Reboll (2012) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 256 pp., ISBN: 9780748636389 (hbk), £65; ISBN: 9780748636396 (pbk), £19.99.
Genetic variation among three wild populations of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) by allozyme electrophoresis
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Arif , Suraiya Sharmin , Haq Monjurul , Khan Md. Mukhlesur Rahman 
Published: October 2014

Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most popular indigenous catfish having considerable potential for aquaculture and commercial importance in Bangladesh. With a view to assessing the genetic status of H. fossilis, three samples Chalan Beel (Pabna), Burungi Beel (Jamalpur) and Bagapura Beel (Mymensingh) were analyzed. For genetic variation study, five enzymes (LDH, EST, MDH, PGM and GPI) were used encoded by eight loci of which three were polymorphic (Mdh-1*, Est-1* and Gpi-1*). The highest mean proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of allele and the mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individual of the Chalan Beel population were observed (25.00%, 1.250 and 6.250%, respectively). The highest gene flow (33.5) and lowest population differentiation (0.0074) found in Burungi Beel-Bagapura Beel indicated the close relationship among them. In the Nei’s UPGMA dendrogram, the Chalan Beel population formed one cluster by the genetic distance of 0.0371 and the other cluster was formed by Burungi beel and Bagapura beel populations (D=0.003). The results suggested that a considerable genetic variation is maintained among the natural H. fossilis populations.
Use of artificial substrate in pond culture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): a new approach regarding growth performance and economic return
Authors: Tuly Dilshad Milky , Islam Md. Sherazul , Hasnahena Mst. , Hasan Md. Rezwanul , Hasan Md. Tawhid 
Published: October 2014

An experiment was conducted for six months to evaluate the effects of artificial substrates on the survival, growth and production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. The treatment T1 contained locally available bamboo-made substrate both vertical and horizontal and treatment T2 received no substrate. Juvenile prawns (0.40±0.13 g) were stocked at the rate of 19,760 prawns ha-1. The water quality parameters range such as temperature, pH and DO were 22.06-33.45°C, 7.70-8.40 and 4.75-6.15 mgl-1 respectively which was no significant difference (P<0.05) between two treatments. The final weight was 56.48±6.56 g and 45.03±2.11 g in T1 and T2 respectively. The survival rate of T1 was 63.12% which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2 (56.87%). The specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 1.19 % and 1.14 %, 3.15 and 4.39, 0.98 and 0.71 in T1 and T2 respectively which were not significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. The total production and net profit in T1 was 1408 kgha-1 and BDT 117,325 ha-1 which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2. Thus growth and survival of prawn juveniles improved in presence of artificial substrate which could be economically viable technique for the freshwater prawn culture.
Comparative effect of local and foreign commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles
Authors: Mustapha Moshood Keke , Akinware Bolarinwa Faith , Faseyi Charles A. , Alade Aminat Ajoke 
Published: October 2014

Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed with a local feed and coppens commercial feed were observed for 16 weeks at the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and the water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fish fed with coppens showed significant (P<0.05) higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and low food conversion ratio than fish fed with local feed. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality were recorded in fish fed with the local feed. The growth performance was a reflection of the proximate composition of the feeds with local feed having low crude protein (10.95%), lipid (3.95%) and ash (4.92%) when compared to coppens which had 42% crude protein, 12% lipid and 9.5% ash with protein being most significant. Carbohydrate (69.90%) and crude fiber (2.88%) were higher in the local feed than in coppens with an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid ratio. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed. Cost of feeding with local feed to a weight gain of 31.67g was ₦80, while the cost of feeding with coppens to a weight gain of 148.58g was ₦16.