bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hibernation physiology, freezing adaptation and extreme freeze tolerance in a northern population of the wood frog
Authors: Costanzo Jon P. , do Amaral M. Clara F. , Rosendale Andrew J. , Lee Richard E. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
We investigated hibernation physiology and freeze tolerance in a population of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, indigenous to Interior Alaska, USA, near the northernmost limit of the species' range. Winter acclimatization responses included a 233% increase in the hepatic glycogen depot that was subsidized by fat body and skeletal muscle catabolism, and a rise in plasma osmolality that reflected accrual of urea (to 106±10 μmol ml−1) and an unidentified solute (to ~73 μmol ml−1). In contrast, frogs from a cool-temperate population (southern Ohio, USA) amassed much less glycogen, had a lower uremia (28±5 μmol ml−1) and apparently lacked the unidentified solute. Alaskan frogs survived freezing at temperatures as low as −16°C, some 10–13°C below those tolerated by southern conspecifics, and endured a 2-month bout of freezing at −4°C. The profound freeze tolerance is presumably due to their high levels of organic osmolytes and bound water, which limits ice formation. Adaptive responses to freezing (−2.5°C for 48 h) and subsequent thawing (4°C) included synthesis of the cryoprotectants urea and glucose, and dehydration of certain tissues. Alaskan frogs differed from Ohioan frogs in retaining a substantial reserve capacity for glucose synthesis, accumulating high levels of cryoprotectants in brain tissue, and remaining hyperglycemic long after thawing. The northern phenotype also incurred less stress during freezing/thawing, as indicated by limited cryohemolysis and lactate accumulation. Post-glacial colonization of high latitudes by R. sylvatica required a substantial increase in freeze tolerance that was at least partly achieved by enhancing their cryoprotectant system.
Complex Formation of Etodolac with Hydrotalcite in Methanol
Authors: Hayashi Aki , Yoshida Keisuke , Nakayama Hirokazu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Etodolac (2-[(1RS)-1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]acetic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a bitter taste. It is slightly soluble in water. Hydrotalcite is a carbonate-type MgAl-layered double hydroxide (CO3-LDH) that is used as an antacid. A complex of etodolac with hydrotalcite was synthesized in methanol via an ion-exchange reaction. The carboxy groups of etodolac were exchanged with carbonate ions in the interlayer region of CO3-LDH. Ion exchange was confirmed by IR and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra. The complex of nitrate-type LDH (NO3-LDH) was obtained in a mixed solvent composed of equal volumes of methanol or ethanol, and water. The complex had an interlayer distance of 2.20 nm, and a bilayer structure of etodolac in the interlayer region of the complex was observed. The uptake amount increased to 3.0 mmol per gram of CO3-LDH depending on the concentration of etodolac, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The etodolac in the interlayer region of the complex was completely released after 120 min in phosphate buffer. The release of etodolac occurred through exchange with phosphate ions. Thus, the bitterness of etodolac can be suppressed by coating it with LDH.
Edith (1869-1938) and Florence (1870-1932) Stoney, two Irish sisters and their contribution to radiology during the World War I
Authors: Guy Jean M 
Published: August 2013

Summary Edith and Florence Stoney, two sisters born in Dublin and working in London, responded to the summons of suffragists and offered themselves for medical service in World War I. Each had a strong scientific background and experience that they were able to use in setting up and running radiological services in Belgium, France, Serbia and Macedonia. The British War Office was reluctant to employ women doctors but the work Florence and her colleagues achieved persuaded Sir Alfred Keogh that Florence should be the first woman doctor to be employed in a military hospital in England.
Flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in NW Mediterranean: is there a link with solar activity?
Authors: MONTEFALCONE M. , GIOVANNETTI E. , MORRI C. , PEIRANO A. , BIANCHI C. N. 
Published: August 2013

Time series on the leaf biometry and rhizome production of the endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile were investigated in a meadow of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) in order to assess changes in the plant growth during a massive flowering event occurred in 2003, in coincidence with the warmest summer temperatures recorded in the last centuries. P. oceanica exhibited the highest values of leaf surface area during the flowering year and the highest values of rhizome production in the previous year. The years immediately following the flowering event were characterized by a decrease in both parameters. Comparison of the years of massive flowering events reported in the literature at the whole Mediterranean-wide spatial scale with the historical series (spanning the last 50 years) of the air temperature and of the sunspot number suggested that intense solar activity, and not warmer temperature per se, was likely to be the main trigger of massive flowering events in Posidonia oceanica.
Asimilación fonética anticipatoria de las consonantes nasales en los vocablos polacos y españoles
Authors: Urbanik-Pęk Weronika 
Published: August 2013

REGRESSIVE ASSIMILATION OF NASALS IN POLISH AND SPANISH SOUND SYSTEMS
The article concerns the phenomenon of regressive assimilation of nasals in Polish and Spanish sound systems. The basic information is followed by the description of the examples of the assimilations which involve the change of place of articulation in respective languages. The author shows the differences in the articulation of particular sounds and emphasizes the peculiarity of Polish in which the hard and soft and voiced and voiceless classifications of consonants can be observed. Polish also uses nasal vowels whose phonetic realization is similar to that of nasal consonants.
Deep-vein thrombosis after resection of musculoskeletal tumours of the lower limb
Authors: Yamaguchi T. , Matsumine A. , Niimi R. , Nakamura T. , Matsubara T. , Asanuma K. , Hasegawa M. , Sudo A. 
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to define the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and risk factors for the development of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) after the resection of a musculoskeletal tumour. A total of 94 patients who underwent resection of a musculoskeletal tumour between January 2003 and December 2005 were prospectively studied. There were 42 men and 52 women with a mean age of 54.4 years (18 to 86). All patients wore intermittent pneumatic compression devices and graduated compression stockings. Ultrasound examination of the lower limbs was conducted to screen for DVT between the fifth and ninth post-operative days. DVT was detected in 21 patients (22%). Of these, two were symptomatic (2%). One patient (1%) had a fatal pulmonary embolism. Patients aged ≥ 70 years had an increased risk of DVT (p = 0.004). The overall incidence of DVT (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) after resection of a musculoskeletal tumour with mechanical prophylaxis was high. It seems that both mechanical and anticoagulant prophylaxis is needed to prevent VTE in patients who have undergone the resection of a musculoskeletal tumour. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1280–4.
The effect of synovectomy on bleeding and clinical outcomes for total knee replacement
Authors: Zhaoning X. , Xu Y. , Shaoqi T. , Baiqiang H. , Kang S. 
Published: August 2013

A total of 187 patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) were randomly divided into two groups, one of which underwent synovectomy. The patients and assessors were blinded to the randomisation both before and after surgery. The duration of surgery, hospitalisation period, concealed bleeding, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and range of movement of the knee at three days after the operation were analysed. Patients were followed up at four weeks and 12 months after their operation, and a visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, Knee Society score (KSS) and a patellar ballottement test were compared between the groups.The mean amount of concealed bleeding was higher in the synovectomy group compared with the control group (1.24 l (0.08 to 3.28) vs 1.03 l (0.16 to 2.94); p = 0.042), as was the mean drainage volume (0.90 l (0.35 to 1.81) vs 0.81 (0.25 to 1.65); p = 0.030). The mean operating time was also higher in the synovectomy group compared with the controls (1.50 hours (1.34 to 1.75) vs 1.41 hours (1.21 to 1.79); p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in blood transfusion rate (p = 0.882), hospital stay (p = 0.805) or range of movement of the knee (p = 0.413) between the two groups. At four weeks and 12 months post-operatively there were no statistically significant differences in any of the measured parameters. We concluded that synovectomy confers no clinical advantages in TKR for primary OA while subjecting patients to higher levels of bleeding and longer operating times.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1197–200.
The effect of the posterior slope of the tibial plateau osteotomy with a rotational error on tibial component malalignment in total knee replacement
Authors: Tsukeoka T. , Tsuneizumi Y. , Lee T. H. 
Published: August 2013

We performed a CT-based computer simulation study to determine how the relationship between any inbuilt posterior slope in the proximal tibial osteotomy and cutting jig rotational orientation errors affect tibial component alignment in total knee replacement. Four different posterior slopes (3°, 5°, 7° and 10°), each with a rotational error of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° or 30°, were simulated. Tibial cutting block malalignment of 20° of external rotation can produce varus malalignment of 2.4° and 3.5° with a 7° and a 10° sloped cutting jig, respectively. Care must be taken in orientating the cutting jig in the sagittal plane when making a posterior sloped proximal tibial osteotomy in total knee replacement.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1201–3.
Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study
Authors: Jeong Inchul , Rhie Jeongbae , Kim Inah , Ryu Innshil , Jung Pil Kyun , Park Yoo Seok , Lim Yong‐Su , Kim Hyoung‐Ryoul , Park Shin‐Goo , Im Hyoung‐June , Lee Mi‐Young , Won Jong‐Uk 
Published: August 2013

Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study: Inchul JEONG, et al. Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea—ObjectivesLong working hours can negatively impact a worker's health. The objective of this study was to examine the association between working hours and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and compare the degree of risk based on CVD subtypes in Korean workers.MethodsThis study was a case‐control study of the patients registered in the Occupational Cardiovascular Diseases Surveillance 2010. The cases included 348 patients diagnosed with a CVD (123 cerebral infarction, 69 intracerebral hemorrhage, 57 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 99 acute myocardial infarction). Controls were 769 participants with no history of CVDs matched for gender, age, type of occupation, and region. Participants' working hours in the previous week and the average working hours over the past three months were assessed to examine short‐term and long‐term effects.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for CVDs in the short‐term were 2.66 (95% Confidence interval (CI) :1.78−3.99) for working ≤40 hours, 1.85 (95% CI: 1.22−2.81) for working 50.1−60 hours and 4.23 (95% CI: 2.81−6.39) for working >60 hours compared with the 40.1−50‐hour working group. The ORs in the long‐term were 2.90 (95% CI: 1.86−4.52) for working ≤40 hours, 1.73 (95% CI: 1.03−2.90) for working 48.1−52 hours and 3.46 (95% CI: 2.38−5.03) for working >52 hours compared with the 40.1−48‐hour working group.ConclusionsLong working hours are related to an increased risk of CVDs, and the degree of risk differs based on CVD subtype. Short working hours are also related to an increased risk for CVDs. More prospective studies targeting specific disease risks are required.
High-Resolution Numerical Modeling of Complex and Irregular Fracture Patterns in Shale-Gas Reservoirs and Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Olorode O.M.. M. , Freeman C.M.. M. , Moridis G.J.. J. , Blasingame T.A.. A. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Various models featuring horizontal wells with multiple fractures have been proposed to characterize flow behavior over time in tight gas systems and shale-gas systems. Currently, little is known about the effects of nonideal fracture patterns and coupled primary-/secondary-fracture interactions on reservoir performance in unconventional gas reservoirs.
We developed a 3D Voronoi mesh-generation application that provides the flexibility to accurately represent various complex and irregular fracture patterns. We also developed a numerical simulator of gas flow through tight porous media, and used several Voronoi grids to assess the potential performance of such irregular fractures on gas production from unconventional gas reservoirs. Our simulations involved up to a half-million cells, and we considered production periods that are orders of magnitude longer than the expected productive life of wells and reservoirs. Our aim was to describe a wide range of flow regimes that can be observed in irregular fracture patterns, and to fully assess even nuances in flow behavior.
We investigated coupled primary/secondary fractures, with multiple/vertical hydraulic fractures intersecting horizontal secondary "stress-release" fractures. We studied irregular fracture patterns to show the effect of fracture angularity and nonplanar fracture configurations on production. The results indicate that the presence of high-conductivity secondary fractures results in the highest increase in production, whereas, contrary to expectations, strictly planar and orthogonal fractures yield better production performance than nonplanar and nonorthogonal fractures with equivalent propped-fracture lengths.
Correlations Between NMR-Relaxation Response and Relative Permeability From Tomographic Reservoir-Rock Images
Authors: AlGhamdi Tariq M. , Arns C.H.. H. , Eyvazzadeh R.Y.. Y. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is typically used in the petroleum industry to characterize pore size and to identify fluids in fully and partially saturated reservoir samples. Although the NMR-relaxation response can be used to estimate the permeability of the rock, it may also provide information about the fluid distribution for multiphase systems that could lead to the estimation of the effective permeability of fluids at partial saturations and the derivation of relative permeability to assess hydrocarbon recovery. By use of a random-walk method, we simulate the NMR response as a function of saturation on tomographic images of Bentheimer and Berea sandstone as well as Ferroan dolomite samples. Fluid distributions are simulated for fully water-wet conditions by use of a morphological capillary-drainage transform, allowing the calculations of the saturations directly on the images corresponding to capillary pressure. The magnetic susceptibility of minerals and fluids is used to calculate the internal magnetic fields from the material distributions of solids and fluids quantified by X-ray-diffraction (XRD) analysis. We show that the logarithmic mean of the NMR T2 distribution is a robust measure of permeability, and it results in strong correlations between NMR response and the relative permeability of both fluids. The observed relative permeability from NMR in our work is in excellent agreement with image-based relative permeability calculations by use of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We compare our NMR results for the wetting phase to published experimental results on Bentheimer and Berea sandstone samples, and we observe excellent agreement. By use of NMR numerical calculations, we demonstrate that internal gradients aid the establishment of relative permeability correlations for the nonwetting phase.
Perioperative Management of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Bissar Lina , Almoallim Hani , Albazli Khaled , Alotaibi Manal , Alwafi Samar 
Published: August 2013

This paper aims to explore the assessment of patients with rheumatologic diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), before undergoing orthopedic surgery. Perioperative assessment ensures an early diagnosis of the patient's medical condition, overall health, medical co-morbidities, and the assessment of the risk factors associated with the proposed procedures. Perioperative assessment allows for proper postoperative management of complications and of the management of drugs such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) and anti-platelets, and corticosteroids. The assessment also supports follow up plans, and patient education.
Perioperative assessment enables the discussion of the proposed treatment plans and the factors associated with them in each case among the different specialists involved to facilitate an appropriate early decision-making about the assessment and treatment of patients with rheumatologic diseases. It also enables the discussion of both condition and procedure with the patient to ensure a good postoperative care.
The article identifies the components of perioperative medical evaluation, discusses perioperative management of co-morbidities and the management of specific clinical problems related to RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, the management of DMARDs, like methotrexate (MTX) and biologic therapies, prophylactic antibiotics, and postoperative follow up, including patient education and rehabilitation
Predicting Credit Losses: Loan Fair Values versus Historical Costs
Authors: Cantrell Brett W. , McInnis John M. , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTStandard-setters and many investors argue that loan fair values provide more useful information about credit losses than historical cost information, while bankers and others generally disagree. We examine the ability of reported loan fair values to predict credit losses relative to the ability of net historical costs currently recognized under U.S. GAAP. Our analysis is important because credit losses in the banking sector can have severe and widespread economic effects, as the recent financial crisis demonstrates. Overall, we find that net historical loan costs are a better predictor of credit losses than reported loan fair values. Specifically, we find that historical cost information is more useful in predicting future net chargeoffs, non-performing loans, and bank failures over both short and long time horizons. Further tests indicate that the relative predictive ability of reported loan fair values improves in higher scrutiny environments, suggesting that a lack of scrutiny over reported loan fair values may contribute to our findings.Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.
The Effects of Visualization and Interactivity on Calibration in Financial Decision-Making
Authors: Tang Fengchun , Hess Traci J. , Valacich Joseph S. , Sweeney John T. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
With the increased use of XBRL, financial data are readily available in a universal format, enabling users to dynamically render data with a variety of visual, interactive representations. However, the impact of these interactive visual representations on financial decision-making has received little attention. Further, decision-making research suggests that the presentation of a task (i.e., presentation format) can influence decision-making outcomes such as accuracy, confidence, and the calibration between accuracy and confidence. This study examines how visualization and interactivity affect accuracy, confidence, and calibration in a financial decision-making context. Decision-makers are typically overconfident, and this research proposes that visualization and interactivity provide more informational cues, which can actually further increase overconfidence and reduce calibration in some contexts. An experiment conducted with 157 participants supports the prediction that visualization and interactivity features can increase decision-maker overconfidence. However, interactive visualization, when both interface features are present, increases confidence while also increasing accuracy. As a result, when interactivity and visualization are offered individually, decision-makers are less calibrated, but when both features are offered, decision-makers are more calibrated. Implications for users and designers of interactive visualizations with financial data are discussed.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
The Association Between Different A1C-Based Measures of Glycemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization
Authors: Nichols Gregory A. , Rosales A. Gabriela , Perrin Nancy A. , Fortmann Stephen P. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVEWe tested whether average monthly glycemic burden (AMGB), a marker of hyperglycemia that is a function of the extent and duration that A1C exceeded 7%, indicated greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than traditional A1C measures.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a case-control design, we studied 2,456 members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest with type 2 diabetes: 1,228 who experienced a CVD hospitalization, matched on age, sex, and duration of diabetes to 1,228 patients who were not hospitalized for CVD. We calculated AMGB from diabetes diagnosis until CVD hospitalization as a function of the difference between each actual or interpolated A1C measurement and 7%, resulting in an area under the curve estimate of hyperglycemic exposure, adjusted for number of months of observation. We used conditional logistic regression to compare the association between several A1C-based measures of glycemia and CVD, controlling for clinical characteristics and comorbidities.RESULTSAMGB was associated with increased CVD risk of 29% (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.44]; P &lt; 0.001), while mean A1C was associated with a 22% risk increase (1.22 [1.09–1.37]; P &lt; 0.001). A1C ever exceeding 7% was associated with increased CVD risk of 39% (1.39 [1.08–1.79]; P = 0.010). No model with a glycemia measure provided substantially more information than an identical model without a glycemia measure.CONCLUSIONSAMGB demonstrated somewhat greater CVD risk than mean A1C, but its clinical usefulness may be limited. A1C ever rising above 7% (53 mmol/mol) was a simple predictor of CVD risk that may have important clinical ramifications for newly diagnosed patients.