bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longterm Retention Rate and Risk Factor for Discontinuation Due to Insufficient Efficacy and Adverse Events in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Etanercept Therapy
Authors: Matsubara Hiroyuki , Kojima Toshihisa , Kaneko Atsushi , Hirano Yuji , Ishikawa Hisato , Hattori Yousuke , Miyake Hiroyuki , Oguchi Takeshi , Takagi Hideki , Yabe Yuichiro , Kato Takefumi , Ito Takayasu , Fukaya Naoki , Kanayama Yasuhide , Shioura Tomone , Hayashi Masatoshi , Fujibayashi Takayoshi , Takahashi Nobunori , Funahashi Koji , Kato Daizo , Hanabayashi Masahiro , Terabe Kenya , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: July 2014

Objective.Assessing retention rate and risk factor for drug discontinuation is important for drug evaluation. We examined a 3-year retention rate and the risk factor for discontinuation due to insufficient efficacy (IE) and adverse events (AE) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are receiving etanercept (ETN).Methods.Data were collected from 588 patients treated with ETN as a first biologic from the Tsurumai Biologics Communication Registry. Baseline characteristics for the incidence of both IE and AE were analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Patients were divided into groups based on age and concomitant methotrexate (MTX). Drug retention rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among groups using the log-rank test.Results.ETN monotherapy without concomitant MTX [MTX(–)] was significantly related to a higher incidence of discontinuation due to IE [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.226, 95% CI 1.363–3.634]. Older age and MTX(–) were significantly related to a higher incidence of discontinuation due to AE [HR = 1.040, 1.746, 95% CI 1.020–1.060, 1.103–2.763, respectively]. The MTX(–)/≥ 65 years group had the lowest retention rate (p < 0.001). The discontinuation rate due to IE was lower in the MTX(+)/< 65 years group compared to < 65 years/MTX(–), ≥ 65 years/MTX(–) group (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, respectively). The discontinuation rate due to AE was highest in the MTX(–)/≥ 65 years group (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Our findings suggest that the risk of discontinuation due to IE was high in the patients who did not use concomitant MTX and that the risk of discontinuation due to AE was high in elderly patients who did not use concomitant MTX.
Increased Interleukin 21 and Follicular Helper T-like Cells and Reduced Interleukin 10+ B cells in Patients with New-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wang Li , Zhao Pingwei , Ma Liang , Shan Yuxing , Jiang Zhenyu , Wang Juan , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: July 2014

Objective.To elucidate the potential role of follicular helper T cells (TFH) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)+ B cells in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.The numbers of peripheral blood CD27+, CD38+, CD86+, CD95+, IL-10+ B cells, and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)+, programmed death-1 (PD-1)+, IL-21+, CXCR5+CD4+ TFH-like cells were examined in 23 patients with new onset SLE and 20 healthy controls (HC).ResultsIn comparison with HC, significantly reduced numbers of CD19+ and IL-10+ B cells, but increased numbers of CD27high, CD86+, CD95+ B cells, CXCR5+CD4+, ICOS+, PD-1+, and IL-21+ TFH-like cells were detected, which were accompanied by higher levels of serum IL-21, but lower levels of IL-10 in the patients. Treatment with anti-SLE therapy modulated the imbalance of different subsets of B and TFH-like cells. The levels of serum IL-21 and IL-10 were positively correlated with the numbers of CD4+CXCR5+ TFH-like and CD19+CD5+CD1d+ B cells in the patients, respectively. The numbers of CD27highB cells were correlated positively with IL-21+ TFH-like cells, but negatively with IL-10+ B cells. The values of SLE Disease Activity Index, C3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were correlated positively with serum IL-21, but negatively with IL-10 in those patients.Conclusion.Our data indicate that the imbalance of IL-21+ TFH-like, CD27high, and IL-10+ B cells may be associated with the pathogenesis of SLE, and levels of serum IL-21 and IL-10 may be valuable for evaluating disease activity in SLE.
Is There Subclinical Synovitis in Patients with Palindromic Rheumatism in the Intercritical Period? A Clinical and Ultrasonographic Study According to Anticitrullinated Protein Antibody Status
Authors: Cabrera-Villalba Sonia , Ramirez Julio , Salvador Georgina , Ruiz-Esquide Virginia , Hernández M. Victoria , Inciarte-Mundo José , Gómez-Puerta José A. , Cañete Juan D. , Sanmarti Raimon 
Published: July 2014

Objective.To investigate the presence of subclinical synovitis by ultrasound (US) and the clinical phenotype in patients with palindromic rheumatism (PR) according to anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status.Methods.Fifty-four patients with PR were studied. Clinical, demographic, serological, and therapeutic characteristics were compared in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients. US searching for synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler signal (PDUS) in 22 joints of the hands was performed in the intercritical period. The results were compared according to ACPA status and with a healthy control group (n = 30). In 10 patients, US was performed during the joint attack.Results.Most patients were female (63%) with a mean disease duration of 11.6 ± 10.7 years. Thirty-six patients (66.7%) were ACPA-positive. ACPA-positive patients had a shorter duration of attacks, a younger age, and less knee involvement at disease onset. US examination showed SH grade ≥ 1 in 79.6% of patients with PR and 50% of controls. Significant US results (SH ≥ 2 or PDUS) were observed in 2.7% and 1.4% of joints assessed and in 33% and 25.9% of patients with PR, respectively. Only 4 patients (7.4%) had US active synovitis (SH ≥ 2 plus PDUS) in at least 1 joint. US assessment showed no significant differences between ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients. PDUS was observed in 7 out of 10 patients during attacks.Conclusion.Some differences emerged in the clinical phenotype of PR according to ACPA status. Most patients with PR do not have US subclinical synovitis in the intercritical period, even those who are ACPA-positive.
La nouvelle ère industrielle : une opportunité pour la France
Authors: Blanchet Max 
Published: July 2014

Pour sortir de la crise, la France a soudainement découvert ne pouvoir plus compter sur son industrie. Une industrie que nos voisins - dont l’Allemagne - ont conservé. Une industrie qui seule permettra à notre économie d’exporter, de créer des emplois qualifiés, de réduire les déficits et de rétablir la croissance, et de sortir enfin de la spirale de déclin qui menace notre pays. Serait-ce déjà trop tard ? Non, il est permis d’être optimiste : au-delà des forces bien connues de la France, certains signaux faibles se font jour, parmi lesquels une prise de conscience partagée du besoin de faire quelque chose pour l’industrie française. L’ambition de ce propos est d’ouvrir la voie à une nouvelle conquête industrielle, sans chercher à importer un “modèle” idéal.
An Introduction to Economic Evaluation in Occupational Therapy: Cost-Effectiveness of Pre-Discharge Home Visits after Stroke (HOVIS)
Authors: Sampson Christopher , James Marilyn , Whitehead Phillip , Drummond Avril 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Occupational therapy interventions, such as home visits, have been identified as being resource-intensive, but cost-effectiveness analyses are rarely, if ever, carried out. We sought to estimate the cost-effectiveness of occupational therapy home visits after stroke, as part of a feasibility study, and to demonstrate the value and methods of economic evaluation. Method: We completed a cost-effectiveness analysis of pre-discharge occupational therapy home visits after stroke compared with a hospital-based interview, carried out alongside a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Our primary outcome was quality-adjusted life years. Full cost and outcome data were available for 65 trial participants. Findings: We found that the mean total cost of a home visit was £183, compared with £75 for a hospital interview. Home visits are shown to be slightly more effective, resulting in a cost per quality-adjusted life year of just over £20,000. Conclusion: Our analysis is the only economic evaluation of this intervention to date. Home visits are shown to be more expensive and more effective than a hospital-based interview, but our results are subject to a high level of uncertainty and should be treated as such. Further economic evaluations in this field are encouraged.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Behavioural Interventions for Improving Driving Outcomes in Novice Drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Bruce Chris , Unsworth Carolyn , Tay Richard 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: The efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for improving driving outcomes in young drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has not been established. Such interventions are of interest to occupational therapists who work with this population to attain driving independence. This research article had two aims: (1) to systematically review the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to improve driving outcomes for this population, and (2) to identify studies detailing behavioural interventions that could be used to improve driving skills. Method: Nineteen databases were searched and 13 studies were appraised using the PEDro scale (the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), where appropriate. Findings: For the first aim, while two studies reported training led to significant improvements in driver skills, methodological problems limited the validity of one study. Eleven studies were reviewed in relation to the second aim, describing nine interventions. Of these, situation awareness training, such as commentary driving, show particular promise. Conclusion: Several interventions have the potential to improve the driving skills of this population. These interventions warrant further research and in the interim could be used clinically by occupational therapy driver assessors. Further research is required to determine if non-pharmacological interventions are of benefit for young drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Situation awareness training may be beneficial for improving driving skills.
Fatigue in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Impact on Occupational Participation and Reported Management Strategies
Authors: Connolly Deirdre , McNally Aine , Moran Deirdre , Ryan Margaret 
Published: July 2014

Purpose: Fatigue is reported by approximately 81 per cent of people with systemic lupus erythematosus, with subsequent lower quality of life. Although standardized measures have been used to examine the prevalence of fatigue, qualitative research is needed to explore how people describe and cope with fatigue in their daily lives. Method: Twelve people completed the Fatigue Impact Scale and were then interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative descriptive guidelines. Findings: Participants were aged 22–62 years with a mean of 14.3 years (SD 10) since diagnosis. Individual interviews identified an unpredictable pattern of fatigue for the study participants and an impact on participation in occupations of productivity and leisure, which resulted in loss of important life roles. Fatigue management strategies were self-developed, with participants reporting no input from health professionals. Conclusion: The unpredictable nature of fatigue makes it difficult to manage. It appears that development of both cognitive and practical strategies is required to reduce the impact of fatigue on valued occupations. Early fatigue management interventions could be beneficial for people with systemic lupus erythematosus in order to manage this symptom. However, a larger study is required to confirm the transferability of these findings.
A Case Report in Health Information Exchange for Inter-organizational Patient Transfers
Authors: Malhotra S. , Kaushal R. , Richardson J.E. ,   with the HITEC Investigators
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjective: To provide a case report of barriers and promoters to implementing a health information exchange (HIE) tool that supports patient transfers between hospitals and skilled nursing facilities.Methods: A multi-disciplinary team conducted semi-structured telephone and in-person interviews in a purposive sample of HIE organizational informants and providers in New York City who implemented HIE to share patient transfer information. The researchers conducted grounded theory analysis to identify themes of barriers and promoters and took steps to improve the trustworthiness of the results including vetting from a knowledgeable study participant.Results: Between May and October 2011, researchers recruited 18 participants: informaticians, healthcare administrators, software engineers, and providers from a skilled nursing facility. Subjects perceived the HIE tool’s development a success in that it brought together stakeholders who had traditionally not partnered for informatics work, and that they could successfully share patient transfer information between a hospital and a skilled nursing facility. Perceived barriers included lack of hospital stakeholder buy-in and misalignment with clinical workflows that inhibited use of HIE-based patient transfer data. Participants described barriers and promoters in themes related to organizational, technical, and user-oriented issues.The investigation revealed that stakeholders could develop and implement health information technology that technically enables clinicians in both hospitals and skilled nursing facilities to exchange real-time information in support of patient transfers. User level barriers, particularly in the emergency department, should give pause to developers and implementers who plan to use HIE in support of patient transfers.Conclusions: Participants’ experiences demonstrate how stakeholders may succeed in developing and piloting an electronic transfer form that relies on HIE to aggregate, communicate, and display relevant patient transfer data across health care organizations. Their experiences also provide insights for others seeking to develop HIE applications to improve patient transfers between emergency departments and skilled nursing facilities.Citation: Richardson JE, Malhotra S, Kaushal R. A case report in health information exchange for inter-organizational patient transfers. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 642–650http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-02-CR-0016
CARBON NANOFIBER COMPOSITE WITH EPDM AND POLYIMIDE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION
Authors: Singh Sangita , Guchhait P. K. , Singha N. K. , Chaki T. K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Elastomers and their composites are extensively used as a thermal insulation system in heat treatment, power generation, fire protection, and aerospace. Among different elastomers, low-density ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) has interesting properties, such as excellent resistance to aging and oxidative degradation due to its saturated back bone. Furthermore, introduction of polyimide (PI) to the base elastomer increases its thermal stability. On the other hand, carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforces the matrix to enhance the mechanical properties with an additional advantage of better char yield. To achieve better rubber-filler compatibilization, modification of EPDM was carried out by grafting with maleic anhydride (MAH). Morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy exhibited uniform dispersion of nanofillers throughout MAH grafted EPDM matrix. Thermal properties of the EPDM/PI nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Besides these, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat were also measured. PI- and CNF-filled maleated EPDM composites showed very good physical and thermomechanical properties for high-temperature insulation compound.
Pennsylvania and Irish Famine Relief, 1846–1847
Authors: Strum Harvey 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
During the Great Famine Pennsylvania emerged as the second most important state for famine relief in 1846–47. Philadelphia became the second-largest port shipping aid to Ireland. Relief supplies from all over the United States were channeled to the Philadelphia Irish Famine Relief Committee, the nonpartisan citizens committee, and to Philadelphia Quakers who organized their own relief operation under the leadership of Thomas P. Cope. Pennsylvanians joined in a national cause of philanthropy, and members of all denominations gave to relief aid—Roman Catholic, Methodist, Quaker, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Moravian, and Jewish. In 1847 the people of Pennsylvania put aside sectarian differences because of shared values of common humanity with the suffering Irish. Pennsylvanians portrayed themselves as a people of plenty with an obligation to help, the Irish as worthy of that aid, and international voluntary aid as an expression of American republican values. Political leaders, whether Whig or Democrat, embraced this responsibility by encouraging citizens to raise funds for Ireland. In a movement spearheaded by Governor Francis Shunk, who persuaded the state legislature to pass legislation allowing toll free shipping of relief aid, citizens throughout the state organized town and county meetings to raise money, food, and clothing for famine relief and joined in a national movement to aid the starving Irish.
Représentation cartographique des complexités d’un dialogue en ligne. Une technique de modélisation analytique inductive
Authors: Newell Robert , Dale Ann 
Published: July 2014

La plate-forme de dialogue électroniquee-dialogueconstitue un espace de discussion interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire qui promeut un partage et un transfert de connaissances. Elle a été élaborée en 2001 dans le but d’explorer le potentiel d’Internet pour mobiliser divers groupes et réunir une multitude de points de vue afin qu’un dialogue de fond puisse avoir lieu. La plate-forme en question est un système de conversations textuelles en ligne. À l’aide de la Technique Newell & Dale de Modélisation des Conversations (TNDMC), nous avons analysé plus de 45 dialogues en ligne, de 2001 à 2013. Les dialogues ont porté sur des sujets tels que l’infrastructure urbaine, la gestion des déchets nucléaires, l’économie verte – y compris le rôle des jeunes relativement aux initiatives portant sur la durabilité –, les innovations en matière de changement climatique, la redéfinition de la croissance et du progrès dans les temps modernes, et d’autres sujets portant sur les mesures à prendre pour favoriser un avenir durable.
Modeling study of nighttime enhancements in F region electron density at low latitudes
Authors: Le Huijun , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhang Hui , Wan Weixing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper we carry out case‐control simulations to examine the mechanisms of the nighttime anomalous enhancements in electron density in the ionosphere at low latitudes, which were studied earlier in another research. The results confirm the earlier conclusion that the downward E × B plasma drift due to westward electric field at night is the main driving force for the nighttime enhancement. In addition, the phase of the electric field is found important in forming the enhancement. Delayed westward electric field can produce significant postmidnight enhancement as observed at Sanya (geomagnetic latitude: 8.2°N). In addition, the equatorward neutral wind at night is found to modulate the formation of the nighttime enhancement at geomagnetic latitudes below 15°N. The combined effects of the two drivers cause significant equatorward/downward plasma flux, which results in the enhancement of electron density as well as the drop in ionospheric peak height.
Vertical diffusivity of the Western Arctic Ocean halocline
Authors: Shaw William J. , Stanton Timothy P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA nearly year‐long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature microstructure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes portions over the deep Canada Basin and the steep bathymetry of the Chukchi Borderlands region. Hydrographically, the record includes “cool,” Pacific‐origin haloclines, which contain a variety of subsurface temperature maxima, and cold haloclines typical of the Eurasian Basins. We present estimates of the vertical turbulent diffusivity derived from the dissipation rate of thermal variance and calculations of the associated vertical heat fluxes. We find that vertical diffusion proceeds at molecular rates in the deep basins and away from topographic features. While still relatively small, diffusivity is enhanced by 1 order of magnitude near and above the Chukchi Borderlands. The enhanced diffusivity is correlated to an increase in water column strain variance above the Borderlands, providing a linkage between bathymetry, internal wave activity and turbulence. The Chukchi Borderlands play a significant role in heat transport in the Western Arctic. They are a pathway for horizontal heat transport and a hot spot for vertical heat transport. Vertical fluxes make a substantial contribution to the energy balance of the sea ice cover in this region. Heat fluxes between the halocline and underlying Atlantic Water are shown to be small and lacking vertical connection near surface waters.
Impact of numerical artifact of the forward model in the inverse solution of density‐dependent flow problem
Authors: Nassar Mohamed K. , Ginn Timothy R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigate the effect of computational error on the inversion of a density‐dependent flow and transport model, using SEAWAT and UCODE‐2005 in an inverse identification of hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity using head and concentration data from a 2‐D laboratory experiment. We investigated inversions using three different solution schemes including variation of number of particles and time step length, in terms of the three aspects: the shape and smoothness of the objective function surface, the consequent impacts to the optimization, and the resulting Pareto analyses. This study demonstrates that the inversion is very sensitive to the choice of the forward model solution scheme. In particular, standard finite difference methods provide the smoothest objective function surface; however, this is obtained at the cost of numerical artifacts that can lead to erroneous warping of the objective function surface. Total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes limit these impacts at the cost of more computation time, while the hybrid method of characteristics (HMOC) approach with increased particle numbers and/or reduced time step gives both smoothed and accurate objective function surface. Use of the most accurate methods (TVD and HMOC) did lead to successful inversion of the two parameters; however, with distinct results for Pareto analyses. These results illuminate the sensitivity of the inversion to a number of aspects of the forward solution of the density‐driven flow problem and reveal that parameter values may result that are erroneous but that counteract numerical errors in the solution.