bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisomeriini diving beetles—an Atlantic–Pacific Island disjunction on Tristan da Cunha and Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández?
Authors: Morinière Jérôme , Michat Mariano C. , Jäch Manfred A. , Bergsten Johannes , Hendrich Lars , Balke Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnisomeriini diving beetles contain only two enigmatic species, representing a remarkable disjunction between the Pacific Juan Fernández Islands (Anisomeria bistriata) and the South Atlantic Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Senilites tristanicola). They belong to the Colymbetinae, which contain 140 species worldwide. Here we aim to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Anisomerinii and use > 9000 bpDNAsequence data from 13 fragments of 12 loci for a comprehensive sampling of Colymbetinae species. Analyses under different optimization criteria converge on very similar topologies, and show unambiguously thatAnisomeria bistriataandSenilites tristanicolabelong to the NeotropicalRhantus signatusspecies group, a comparatively recent clade within Colymbetinae. Anisomeriini therefore are synonomized with Colymbetini and both species are transferred toRhantusaccordingly, resulting in secondary homonymy ofRhantus bistriatus(Brullé, 1835) withRhantus bistriatus(Bergsträsser, 1778). We propose the replacement nameRhantus selkirkiJäch, Balke & Michat nom. nov. for the Juan Fernández species. Presence of these species on remote islands is therefore not relictary, but the result of more recent range expansions out of mainland South America. Finally, we suggest that Carabdytini should be synonymized with Colymbetini. Our study underpins the Hennigian principle that a natural classification can be derived only from the search for shared apomorphies between species, not from differences.
Discovery of a novel predator reveals extreme but highly variable mortality for an endangered migratory bird
Authors: Stojanovic Dejan , Webb Matthew H. , Alderman Rachael , Porfirio Luciana L. , Heinsohn Robert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimIntroduced predators are a global driver of species decline, but their impact on highly mobile species is poorly understood. We report the severe impact of a previously undocumented introduced predator on the endangered, migratory swift parrot (Lathamus discolor). Sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps), a supposedly benign introduced species, were detected acting as a major opportunistic predator of cavity‐nesting birds. We assessed the intensity and geographical extent of sugar glider predation and investigated whether habitat loss exacerbated predation risk to swift parrots.LocationTasmania, Australia.MethodsWe monitored nests of swift parrots for 3 years with motion‐activated cameras. We used bioclimatic modelling to predict the potential distribution of introduced sugar gliders across the study area and assessed the predation risk to swift parrots and other threatened birds in the region using nest‐survival analysis.ResultsDaily survival of nests in areas where sugar gliders occurred was mean 0.97, which equated to a true likelihood of 0.17 for a nest to survive the 60‐day nesting period. No nests failed on an offshore island where sugar gliders were shown to be absent. Most cases (83.3%) of glider predation resulted in the death of the adult female parrot. On the Tasmanian mainland, there was a positive relationship between nest survival and increasing mature forest cover at the landscape scale.Main conclusionsPredation risk varied dramatically across the breeding range of swift parrots, depending on the presence of sugar gliders. Offshore islands are an important refuge for swift parrots because sugar gliders are absent. However, islands are vulnerable, and our bioclimatic model shows that they are bioclimatically suitable for sugar gliders. Synergistic interactions between predation and habitat loss combine with low breeding‐site philopatry to expose swift parrots to dramatic variation in predation risk depending on nesting location.
Cannabis use in first‐treatment bipolar I disorder: relations to clinical characteristics
Authors: Kvitland Levi R. , Melle Ingrid , Aminoff Sofie R. , Lagerberg Trine V. , Andreassen Ole A. , Ringen Petter A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between recent cannabis use, current symptomatology and age at onset of first manic, depressive and psychotic episodes in a large sample with first‐treatment bipolar I disorder (BD I).MethodsOne hundred one patients with first‐treatment Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) bipolar I disorder were included as part of the Thematically Organized Psychosis study. The Structural Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV was used for DSM‐IV diagnosis and identification of episodes of illness. Earlier suicide attempts were recorded. Manic, depressive and psychotic symptoms were rated using the Young Mania Rating Scale, Inventory of Depressive Symptoms and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale correspondingly. Cannabis use within the six last months was recorded.ResultsAfter controlling for confounders, recent cannabis use was significantly associated with lower age at onset of first manic and psychotic episode, but not with onset of first depressive episode (both P < 0.05). Recent use was also associated with more lifetime suicide attempts (P < 0.01). No group differences were found on symptom levels.ConclusionsThe present study confirms earlier findings of an association between cannabis use and a lower age at onset. Recent cannabis use was also associated with more lifetime suicide attempts. The current findings suggest that recent cannabis use is associated with a more severe course of illness in the early phase of BD I.
The development and implementation of a pilot CBT for early psychosis service: achievements and challenges
Authors: Perry Yael , Murrihy Rachael C. , Varlow Megan , Dedousis‐Wallace Anna , Ellis Danielle M. , Langdon Robyn , Kidman Antony D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a clinically indicated treatment for first‐episode psychosis. Despite this, CBT for early psychosis is not routinely available as part of standard mental health services in Australia. The aim of this pilot project was to develop a CBT for early psychosis service to be provided as an adjunct to existing community mental health services. This study examined the feasibility of this service model, delivered in a real‐world setting. A secondary aim was to explore the effectiveness of this service, as measured by clinical and functional outcomes.MethodsParticipants living in northern Sydney, Australia, and who had recently experienced a first episode of psychosis, were offered up to 20 sessions of individual CBT. Service feasibility was measured via attrition rates, therapy attendance and referrer feedback. Measures of psychosis, depression, anxiety and psychosocial functioning, were assessed pretreatment, after six and 12 sessions, and at 3 months post‐treatment.ResultsNineteen clients attended treatment to completion. Survey feedback from referrers affirmed the positive impact of the service on clients' recovery. Additionally, clients showed improvements in symptoms of psychosis over the first three time points. Psychosocial functioning also shifted from the moderately to mildly impaired range by the end of treatment.ConclusionsThe CBT for early psychosis service has been successfully integrated into the mental health landscape of northern Sydney. Outcomes of this pilot project are discussed with reference to the achievements of the service, as well as the obstacles encountered, and how they were overcome.
Kainate receptors in the hippocampus
Authors: Carta Mario , Fièvre Sabine , Gorlewicz Adam , Mulle Christophe 
Published: April 2014

AbstractKainate receptors (KARs) consist of a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors composed of the combinations of five subunits, GluK1–GluK5. Although KARs display close structural homology with AMPA receptors, they serve quite distinct functions. A great deal of our knowledge of the molecular and functional properties of KARs comes from their study in the hippocampus. This review aims at summarising the functions of KARs in the regulation of the activity of hippocampal synaptic circuits at the adult stage and throughout development. We focus on the variety of roles played by KARs in physiological conditions of activation, at pre‐ and postsynaptic sites, in different cell types and through either metabotropic or ionotropic actions. Finally, we present some of the few attempts to link the role of KARs in the regulation of local hippocampal circuits to the behavioural functions of the hippocampus in health and diseases.
Biochemical characterization of proline dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis mitochondria
Authors: Schertl Peter , Cabassa Cécile , Saadallah Kaouthar , Bordenave Marianne , Savouré Arnould , Braun Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2014

Proline has multiple functions in plants. Besides being a building block for protein biosynthesis proline plays a central role in the plant stress response and in further cellular processes. Here, we report an analysis on the integration of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) into mitochondrial metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. An experimental system to induce ProDH activity was established using cell cultures. Induction of ProDH was measured by novel photometric activity assays and by a ProDH in gel activity assay. Effects of increased ProDH activity on other mitochondrial enzymes were systematically investigated. Activities of the protein complexes of the respiratory chain were not significantly altered. In contrast, some mitochondrial dehydrogenases had markedly changed activities. Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase substantially increased, indicating upregulation of the entire proline catabolic pathway, which was confirmed by co‐expression analyses of the corresponding genes. Furthermore, activity of d‐lactate dehydrogenase was increased. d‐lactate was identified to be a competitive inhibitor of ProDH in plants. We suggest that induction of d‐lactate dehydrogenase activity allows rapid upregulation of ProDH activity during the short‐term stress response in plants.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and nitrogen dynamics of Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv. Minyin on red soil in southern China
Authors: Weng Boqi , Li Yuesen , Wang Yixiang , Li Yanchun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA leguminous forage plant, round‐leaf cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene cv. Minyin), is ecologically important in the hilly, red soil regions of southern China. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization at the rates of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1 on the growth and N dynamics (including biological N fixation, N uptake, N accumulation and fate of N fertilizer) of the pot‐grown Minyin in an attempt to optimize the fertilization. The increased fertilization increased the percentage of N derived from the fertilizer (P < 0.01), but decreased that from the soil (P < 0.05) and also reduced the number of root nodules (P < 0.01). At 60 kg ha−1 application rate, the N fixation efficiency (NFE) of the plant peaked at 29.5% and the N use efficiency (NUE) of the fertilizer at 27.9%. When the highest rate of fertilization (120 kg ha−1) was applied, NFE was significantly decreased (11.1%) and NUE reduced to 23.0%. It showed that Minyin was highly efficient (varying from approximately 11–30% NFE) in fixing N from the atmosphere, and could suitably be promoted for the N‐deficient hilly, red soil regions in southern China.
DOCUMENT AND TIME
Authors: KATES JOSHUA 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article explores what it calls the “documentarist” hypothesis: the belief that the subject matter of history, the past, is structurally absent and thus can be reached only by way of documents, testamentary traces of various sorts (not only written texts, but artifacts, land arrangements, oral witnessing, and so on). The first part of the article works out the documentarist position through interpretations of creative works that embody it and of a variety of reflections on historiography—those of Michel de Certeau and Paul Ricoeur, as well as some “postmodern historiography.” It argues that documentarism ultimately faces an insoluble problem: it presupposes the pastness of the past, yet it cannot give itself the latter by way of the documents to which it believes itself confined. Documentarism assumes as already at hand a historical‐temporal horizon of past, present, and future, for which it itself cannot account. In the second part of the article, accordingly, I turn to the historiographical portion of Faulkner's The Bear to expose the operativity of this always already given temporality. Faulkner's tale gives us access to a more radical historicity than any upon which documentarists reckon; yet this historicity turns out to sit askew from the usual frameworks of history as we know them, especially those of periods and epochs. The tension in Faulkner's own work between periodizing and event‐laden explanations, I conclude, points to questions that fall beyond history as currently conceived.
NE ME RACONTE PLUS D'HISTOIRES: DERRIDA AND THE PROBLEM OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
Authors: BARING EDWARD 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis essay reads Derrida's early work within the context of the history of philosophy as an academic field in France. Derrida was charged with instruction in the history of philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure, and much of his own training focused on this aspect of philosophical study. The influence of French history of philosophy can be seen in Derrida's work before Of Grammatology, especially in his unpublished lectures for a 1964 course entitled “History and Truth,” in which he analyzed the semantic richness of the word “history.” According to Derrida, “history” comprised both the ideas of change and of transmission, which allowed the writing of history at a later time. In the Western tradition, Derrida suggested, philosophers had consistently tried to reduce the idea of history as transmission, casting it simply as empirical development in order to preserve the idea that truth could be timeless. Derrida's account of the evolving opposition between history and truth within the history of philosophy led him to suggest a “history of truth” that transcended and structured the opposition. I argue that Derrida's strategies in these early lectures are critical for understanding his later and more famous deconstruction of speech and writing. Moreover, the impact of this early confrontation with the problem of history and truth helps explain the ambivalent response by historians to Derrida's analyses.
TO THE PLANETARIUM—THERE IS STILL TIME!
Authors: Wurgaft Benjamin Aldes 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis review essay examines James McFarland's Constellation: Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Benjamin in the Now‐Time of History, which stages a comparative reading of the two thinkers’ works and argues that they shared a resistance to the conventions of nineteenth‐century historicism as well as a desire to attend not to causation as a force in history but rather to the importance of each individual “present.” Benjamin's term “dialectics at a standstill” is a formulation only a reader of Nietzsche could have produced, as McFarland ably demonstrates. This review essay also delves into Benjamin's own use of the “constellation” motif, identifying complexities McFarland leaves out of his account. Influenced by Nietzsche's own uses of astronomical and astrological motifs, Benjamin employed the image of the constellation as a symbol not only for temporality (say, of the time it takes for starlight to reach our planet). He also used it to examine our transforming relationship with the cosmos and with nature most broadly, and, in the famous “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” he used it as a figure for the proper relationship historians should establish between their own period and the past; this is what yields an understanding of the present moment as the Jetztzeit, the “time of the now” enjoying its own dignity beyond any causal relationship with the future it may have. However, and as this review essay suggests, Benjamin's uses of the constellation image, and of images of stars, telescopes, and planetariums more generally, were highly ambivalent. They can serve as indices of his shifting views of modernity and of his desire that modern experience, seemingly condemned to alienation, might be redeemed.
TYING MEMORY TO THE GROUND
Authors: Shauli Ran 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn the 1980s Pierre Nora, one of France's most prominent historians, developed the concept of lieux de mémoire (places of memory). Studies of such places where, in Nora's words, “memory crystallizes and is being diffused,” were conducted and published in France and in other European countries in the ensuing decades. Marc Andre Matten's collection of essays, Places of Memory in Modern China: History, Politics, and Identity, is the first methodological attempt to use Nora's theoretical guidelines in the context of greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). The book explores sites that are connected with three of China's founding leaders, and with some of its constitutive moments as a nation. Using a variety of research methods, the articles in this book concentrate on the years of the People's Republic, taking the reader from the early revolutionary phase of its short and turbulent history, through the disaster and the chaos of the 1960s and the early 1970s, to the current postsocialist era. The articles in the book examine the local: an archeological site, a memorial hall, a mausoleum, a museum, a park, and a public garden, in order to understand how each one of these locales reflects broader vicissitudes of memory and changes of identity in China.
Successful switch to rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine in HIV‐1‐infected patients with an isolated K103N mutation acquired during prior nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Rokx C , Verbon A , Rijnders BJA 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesWhether treatment‐experienced HIV‐1‐infected patients with an acquired K103N mutation after failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens can be treated with rilpivirine is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine in HIV‐1‐infected patients with an isolated K103N mutation.MethodsA prospective study was carried out in HIV‐1‐infected adults who acquired the K103N mutation on failing NNRTI regimens. No other mutations in reverse transcriptase were allowed. Patients had to be on second‐line regimens with HIV‐1 RNA < 200 copies/mL for ≥ 6 months. Exclusion criteria were: use of acid‐reducing agents, insufficient caloric intake and impaired renal function. Of primary interest was virological success (HIV‐1 RNA < 200 copies/mL) at weeks 6, 12, 24 and 48.ResultsOf 1550 HIV‐1‐infected patients at the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, we identified 10 HIV‐1‐infected patients with an isolated K103N mutation acquired after NNRTI failure. Five patients were not eligible for inclusion in the study, and two patients refused participation. Three African women (23–35 years of age) were included and were switched from boosted protease inhibitor‐based second‐line therapies to rilpvirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine. HIV‐1 RNA was < 200 copies/mL at weeks 6, 12, 24 and 48 for all patients. No adverse events were observed. All patients had HIV‐1 RNA < 200 copies/mL for 6−50 months prior to the switch.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates the successful switch of HIV‐1‐infected patients who acquired an isolated K103N mutation during previous NNRTI therapy to rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine. In selected patients, single‐tablet regimens are also becoming a valid treatment option for second‐line HIV‐1 therapy.
Toothbrush efficacy for plaque removal
Authors: Nightingale KJ , Chinta SK , Agarwal P , Nemelivsky M , Frisina AC , Cao Z , Norman RG , Fisch GS , Corby P 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of a novel sonic toothbrush in reducing plaque and in maintenance of gingival health when compared to a standard manual brush.MethodsThis study was a block‐randomized, examiner‐blind, two‐treatment, parallel group, single centre clinical investigation. A total of 84 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either the Panasonic EW‐DL90 or an American Dental Association‐endorsed manual toothbrush. Subjects were instructed to follow a twice‐daily brushing regimen without flossing. Plaque levels and gingival health were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index and the Papillary Bleeding Score.ResultsSubjects assigned to the EW‐DL90 group had significantly lower plaque levels after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment than those in the manual group (P = 0.003 and 0.0035, respectively). Both groups showed a reduction in plaque levels at Week 3 relative to baseline. The EW‐DL90 group had significantly lower gingival inflammation scores after 1 week of treatment (P = 0.0293), but there was no difference between groups after 3 weeks of treatment.ConclusionThe EW‐DL90 toothbrush safely and effectively removes more plaque than a standard manual toothbrush. Improvement in gingival inflammation was observed after 1 week of treatment. There was no difference in Papillary Bleeding Score between the two groups after 3 weeks of treatment.Clinical significanceThe newly developed sonic brush (Panasonic EW‐DL90) tested in this study was found to be more effective than a manual toothbrush at plaque removal. The papillary bleeding scores were significantly lower in the sonic brush group after 1 week of product use. After 3 weeks of product use, both treatment groups had similar papillary bleeding scores almost returning to baseline values.
Expression profile of undifferentiated cell transcription factor 1 in normal and cancerous human epithelia
Authors: Mouallif Mustapha , Albert Adelin , Zeddou Mustapha , Ennaji My Mustapha , Delvenne Philippe , Guenin Samuel 
Published: April 2014

SummaryUndifferentiated cell Transcription Factor 1 (UTF1) is a chromatin‐bound protein involved in stem cell differentiation. It was initially reported to be restricted to stem cells or germinal tissues. However, recent work suggests that UTF1 is also expressed in somatic cells and that its expression may increase during carcinogenesis. To further clarify the expression profile of UTF1, we evaluated UTF1 expression levels immunohistochemically in eight normal human epithelia (from breast, prostate, endometrium, bladder, colon, oesophagus, lung and kidney) and their corresponding tumours as well as in several epithelial cell lines. We showed UTF1 staining in normal and tumour epithelial tissues, but with varying intensities according to the tissue location. In vitro analyses also revealed that UTF1 is expressed in somatic epithelial cell lines even in the absence of Oct4A and Sox2, its two main known regulators. The comparison of UTF1 levels in normal and tumoral tissues revealed significant overexpression in endometrial and prostatic adenocarcinomas, whereas lower intensity of the staining was observed in renal and colic tumours, suggesting a potential tissue‐specific function of UTF1. Altogether, these results highlight a potential dual role for UTF1, acting either as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor depending on the tissue. These findings also question its role as a specific marker for stem cells.