bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically based low oxygen affinities of felid hemoglobins: lack of biochemical adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in the snow leopard
Authors: Janecka Jan E. , Nielsen Simone S. E. , Andersen Sidsel D. , Hoffmann Federico G. , Weber Roy E. , Anderson Trevor , Storz Jay F. , Fago Angela 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Genetically based modifications of hemoglobin (Hb) function that increase blood–O2 affinity are hallmarks of hypoxia adaptation in vertebrates. Among mammals, felid Hbs are unusual in that they have low intrinsic O2 affinities and reduced sensitivities to the allosteric cofactor 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). This combination of features compromises the acclimatization capacity of blood–O2 affinity and has led to the hypothesis that felids have a restricted physiological niche breadth relative to other mammals. In seeming defiance of this conjecture, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) has an extraordinarily broad elevational distribution and occurs at elevations above 6000 m in the Himalayas. Here, we characterized structural and functional variation of big cat Hbs and investigated molecular mechanisms of Hb adaptation and allosteric regulation that may contribute to the extreme hypoxia tolerance of the snow leopard. Experiments revealed that purified Hbs from snow leopard and African lion exhibited equally low O2 affinities and DPG sensitivities. Both properties are primarily attributable to a single amino acid substitution, β2His→Phe, which occurred in the common ancestor of Felidae. Given the low O2 affinity and reduced regulatory capacity of feline Hbs, the extreme hypoxia tolerance of snow leopards must be attributable to compensatory modifications of other steps in the O2-transport pathway.
The efficiency of government expenditures policies: use of dummy variables in the regression building of Armey — Rahn curve
Authors: Горидько Нина , Goridko Nina 
Published: August 2015

The paper is devoted to the capacities of using dummy variables to construct models that approximate the crisis dynamics of the economic indicators. On the example of Armey — Rahn curve describing the relationship between the GDP growth and the share of government expenditures in GDP, it is proved that the use of dummy variables to indicate the years of crisis provides a meaningful and adequate model if the crisis years have located in the middle of the time series.
Functions constructed for Ukraine and Russia, clearly answer the question of what years could be considered as a crisis, and what ones determine a stagnation. Simulation results confirm the negative impact of the crisis onto economic growth.
About the Tasks of Descriptive Geometry With Imaginary Solutions
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov G. , Дмитриева  , Dmitrieva I. 
Published: August 2015

The article is devoted to the discussion of the scientific
methodological problems of presentation tasks of descriptive
geometry along with having real and imaginary solutions. Examples
of such problems are given, graphics solutions who give the wrong answers. As a consequence they resulted in some the textbooks on
descriptive geometry to the emergence false claims type “ the curve
degenerates to a point”, “a torus is a surface of the second order”,
“conical and cylindrical surfaces are a special cases of the torsoboy
surface in the case of degeneration of the ribs return torsoboy the
surface at the point, etc.”
In the article gives a correct mathematical interpretation of
imaginary solutions the tasks by considering of examples an the
determine the order and class of plane algebraic curve, the isolated
point touch, of the line of intersection of surfaces of the second
order with a common plane of symmetry. To obtain a mathematically
valid answers the conclusion about the need for a combination
of graphical and analytical solutions. This approach meets the
requirements of the GEF on ensure as intrasubject discussed in this
publication, and so interdisciplinary competencies. The latter have
a broad outlet of descriptive geometry in complex space in the
theory of algebraic curves and surfaces, kremenovic transformations,
field theory, etc.
Mechanisms of development of administrative potential
Authors: Рыбалкина Зарина , Rybalkina Zarina 
Published: August 2015

Competition strengthening between the enterprises increases
the importance of development of administrative potential.
Development of administrative potential is the most important reserve
of increase of efficiency of activity of the enterprise. In article
mechanisms of development of the administrative potential, allowing
to introduce achievements of science in practice of administrative
activity are offered.
Collusion in Dynamic Buyer-Determined Reverse Auctions
Authors: Fugger Nicolas , Katok Elena , Wambach Achim 
Published: August 2015

Although binding reverse auctions have attracted a good deal of interest in the academic literature, in practice, dynamic nonbinding reverse auctions are the norm in procurement. In those, suppliers submit price quotes and can respond to quotes of their competitors during a live auction event. However, the lowest quote does not necessarily determine the winner. The buyer decides after the contest, taking further supplier information into account, on who will be awarded the contract. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that this bidding format enables suppliers to collude, thus leading to noncompetitive prices. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Eccentricity in Order to Re-centre: La Maison Rouge
Authors: Bal Mieke 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the ten years of its existence, La Maison Rouge has been an influential venue in the Paris art world. Besides monographic shows, it has organized innovative exhibitions through three different pathways: internationalization, the inclusion of ‘art brut’ and other materials made by or representing psychiatric patients, and the presentation of private collections. These exhibitions were all curated carefully on the basis of thoughtful principles. Paradoxically, the institution’s anniversary exhibition Le mur seemed to undermine the very idea of curating by consigning the selection and arrangement of artworks to a computer. This article seeks to understand the paradox this curatorial methodology raises, and posits that eccentricity can be construed as a meaningful basis for constructing exhibitions.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Frascina Francis , Barbu Adam , Lehtinen Heini , Pecorari Marco , Springgay Stephanie , Suslau Dzmitry 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
LOVE IS ENOUGH: WILLIAM MORRIS & ANDY WARHOL Curated by Jeremy Deller, Modern Art Oxford, 6 December 2014 – 8 March 2015
CHRISTIAN BOLTANSKI, ALMAS Curated by Beatriz Bustos, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile, 30 October 2014 – 4 January 2015
BIO 50 – 24TH BIENNIAL OF DESIGN LJUBLJANA Curated by Jan Boelen, Maja Vardjan and Cvetka Požar, Museum of Architecture and Design, Museum of Modern Art, and eighteen other locations, Ljubljana, 18 September – 7 December 2014
OLIVIER SAILLARD AND TILDA SWINTON, THE CLOAKROOM – VESTIAIRE OBLIGATOIRE Musée de la Mode de Paris Galliera, Paris, 22–29 November 2014
CENTRE FOR INCIDENTAL ACTIVISMS (CIA) #2 Orchestrated by Emelie Chhangur, Suzanne Carte, Michael Maranda and Allyson Adley, and co-organized with Maggie Flynn, Ame Henderson, Jp King and Terrarea, Art Gallery of York University, Toronto, 6 January – 2 March 2014
FISCHLI/WEISS, ROCK ON TOP OF ANOTHER ROCK Curated by Hans-Ulrich Obrist and Julia Peyton-Jones, Serpentine Galleries, London, 7 March 2013 – 30 September 2014
Conference Review
Authors: Strüngmann Agustina 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
CURATING: GLITTERING MYTH, SOCIAL SYMPTOM, REVOLUTIONARY FORCE? A CONFERENCE ON CURATORIAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION Organized by Dorothee Richter and the Research Platform for Curatorial and Cross-disciplinary Cultural Studies, Practice-Based Doctoral Programme, University of Reading in cooperation with the Postgraduate Programme in Curating, Institute for Cultural Studies in the Arts, Zurich University of the Arts. Held at Zurich University of the Arts, 15 November 2014.
TandemHeart as a Bridge to Recovery in Legionella Myocarditis
Authors: Briceño David F. , Fernando Rajeev R. , Nathan Sriram , Loyalka Pranav , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D. 
Published: August 2015

Legionnaires' disease is the designation for pneumonia caused by the Legionella species. Among the rare extrapulmonary manifestations, cardiac involvement is most prevalent, in the forms of myocarditis, pericarditis, postcardiotomy syndrome, and prosthetic valve endocarditis. Mechanical circulatory support has proved to be a safe and effective bridge to myocardial recovery in patients with acute fulminant myocarditis; however, to our knowledge, this support has not been used in infectious myocarditis specifically related to Legionellosis.
We describe a case of Legionella myocarditis associated with acute left ventricular dysfunction and repolarization abnormalities in a 48-year-old man. The patient fully recovered after left ventricular unloading with use of a TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device. In addition, we review the English-language medical literature on Legionella myocarditis and focus on cardiac outcomes.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Imaging for Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist–Inhibiting Atherosclerosis and Markers of Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Development in Apolipoprotein-E Knockout Mice
Authors: Li Rong-Juan , Sun Yan , Wang Qin , Yang Jiao , Yang Ya , Song Li , Wang Zheng , Luo Xiang-Hong , Su Rui-Juan 
Published: August 2015

We sought to validate the hypothesis that the development of atherosclerosis can be suppressed by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in murine models of atherosclerosis in vivo, noninvasively seen by means of high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy, and we studied changes in inflammatory markers such as IL-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels in these models of atherosclerosis.
We divided IL-1Ra+/−/apolipoprotein-E (apoE)−/− and IL-1Ra+/+/apoE−/− mice into 2 age groups, used as atherosclerotic models. The control groups were age-matched IL-1Ra+/+/apoE+/+ mice. Plaque thickness was measured in the ascending aorta in short-axis images by means of ultrasound and histology. Plasma levels of IL-1 and CRP were quantified in the 3 murine groups.
At 16 weeks, plaque thickness in the ascending aortas of the IL-1Ra+/−/apoE−/− mice was significantly greater than that in the IL-1Ra+/+/apoE−/− mice, on ultrasound and histology (P <0.01). In contrast, at 32 weeks, the differences between these 2 genotypes were not statistically significant. Serum IL-1 levels were lower in the IL-1Ra+/−/apoE−/− mice than in the IL-1Ra+/+/apoE−/− mice at 16 and 32 weeks (P <0.05). At 16 weeks, serum CRP levels in the IL-1Ra+/−/apoE−/− mice were higher than in the IL-1Ra+/+/apoE−/− mice (P <0.01).
Our results suggest that ultrasound biomicroscopy enables evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions in vivo, noninvasively and in real-time, in apoE−/− mice. Partial IL-1Ra deficiencies might promote early plaque development in 16-week-old apoE−/− mice. The balance of IL-1 and IL-1Ra might influence atherosclerotic development. Finally, CRP might affect the initiation of atherosclerosis, rather than its progression.
Use of a Vascular Sheath in the Axillary Artery as an Alternative Access Approach for Placing an Impella 5.0 Device
Authors: Shah Ankur S. , Lee Richard , Hui Dawn S. , Lim Michael J. , Neumayr Robert H. , Stolker Joshua M. 
Published: August 2015

Many patients who are in cardiogenic shock need mechanical support for clinical stabilization after acute insults such as myocardial infarction. However, the placement of advanced devices can be hindered by anatomic constraints or the physiologic sequelae of shock, as we describe in this report.
A 67-year-old woman with prior coronary artery bypass grafting and extensive chest-wall scarring from previous defibrillator implantations presented with myocardial infarction and refractory cardiogenic shock. The patient's vascular anatomy and prior surgery precluded conventional percutaneous implantation of an Impella 5.0 ventricular support device. We delivered the Impella device through the patient's tortuous, vasoconstricted axillary artery with use of a vascular sheath and other percutaneous techniques. The success of this approach suggests that combining the expertise of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons can improve the outcomes of patients with complex anatomic issues.
Turf and Illegal Drug Market Competition between Gangs
Authors: Naranjo Alberto J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Street-level illegal drug markets generate much of the violence and intimidation that local communities face nowadays. These markets are mainly driven by territorial gangs who finance their activities through the sale of drugs. Understanding how the existence of both turf and drug market competition may have unintended consequences of law enforcement policies on violence is the main contribution of the paper. We propose a two-stage game-theoretical model where two profit maximizing gangs compete in prices and invest in guns. We find that policies such as traditional or community policing can have different and unexpected effects on the level of violence.
Primary standards for measuring flow rates from 100 nl/min to 1 ml/min – gravimetric principle
Authors: Bissig Hugo , Petter Harm Tido , Lucas Peter , Batista Elsa , Filipe Eduarda , Almeida Nelson , Ribeiro Luis Filipe , Gala João , Martins Rui , Savanier Benoit , Ogheard Florestan , Niemann Anders Koustrup , Lötters Joost , Sparreboom Wouter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicroflow and nanoflow rate calibrations are important in several applications such as liquid chromatography, (scaled-down) process technology, and special health-care applications. However, traceability in the microflow and nanoflow range does not go below 16 μl/min in Europe. Furthermore, the European metrology organization EURAMET did not yet validate this traceability by means of an intercomparison between different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The NMIs METAS, Centre Technique des Industries Aérauliques et Thermiques, IPQ, Danish Technological Institute, and VSL have therefore developed and validated primary standards to cover the flow rate range from 0.1 μl/min to at least 1 ml/min. In this article, we describe the different designs and methods of the primary standards of the gravimetric principle and the results obtained at the intercomparison for the upper flow rate range for the various NMIs and Bronkhorst High-Tech, the manufacturer of the transfer standards used.
Basic nutrition knowledge of recent medical graduates entering a pediatric residency program
Authors: Castillo Marigold , Feinstein Ronald , Tsang James , Fisher Martin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objective:
This study assesses the basic nutritional knowledge of fourth year medical/osteopathic school graduates entering a pediatric residency program and compares the knowledge of the medical students to that of the patients and parents who completed the same survey previously.

Methods:
Medical and osteopathic school graduates entering a pediatric residency program completed an 18-question nutrition survey during resident orientation in June of 2011 and 2012.

Results:
The incoming interns averaged answering 52% of the questions correctly. Interns did better than both groups but the only statistically significant difference was between the interns and the non-eating disorder adolescents and their parents (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Incoming residents to a pediatric residency program appear to be deficient in basic nutritional knowledge. With the ever increasing burden of obesity and its associated co-morbidities on society, it is imperative that medical education focuses on preparing physicians to appropriately counsel all populations on proper nutrition.
Language conflict research: a state of the art
Authors: Darquennes Jeroen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAfter a broad overview of the history and the areas of focus of research on language conflict, this article pays particular attention to a number of selected features of societal language conflict. A discussion of the causes, the visibility, the manifestations, the discursive focal points, the management and the outcomes of the management of societal language conflict precedes a sketch of methodological approaches in language conflict research. The snapshot of language conflict research ends with a list of research desiderata.
Performance Study of Harmony Search Algorithm for Multilevel Thresholding
Authors: Ouadfel Salima , Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThresholding is the easiest method for image segmentation. Bi-level thresholding is used to create binary images, while multilevel thresholding determines multiple thresholds, which divide the pixels into multiple regions. Most of the bi-level thresholding methods are easily extendable to multilevel thresholding. However, the computational time will increase with the increase in the number of thresholds. To solve this problem, many researchers have used different bio-inspired metaheuristics to handle the multilevel thresholding problem. In this paper, optimal thresholds for multilevel thresholding in an image are selected by maximizing three criteria: Between-class variance, Kapur and Tsallis entropy using harmony search (HS) algorithm. The HS algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm inspired from the individual improvisation process of the musicians in order to get a better harmony in jazz music. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a standard set of images from the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset. The results are then compared with that of genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO), and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). Results have been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the fitness value and the two popular performance measures: SSIM and FSIM indices. Experimental results have validated the efficiency of the HS algorithm and its robustness against GA, PSO, and BFO algorithms. Comparison with the well-known metaheuristic ABC algorithm indicates the equal performance for all images when the number of thresholds M is equal to two, three, four, and five. Furthermore, ABC has shown to be the most stable when the dimension of the problem is too high.
New Paths for Third-Sector Institutions in a Welfare State in Crisis: The Case of Portugal
Authors: Ferreira Sílvia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article describes the recent changes in the political, cultural and socioeconomic environment of the third sector (TS) in Portugal in the context of crisis and structural adjustment. Belatedly, when compared to many other countries, an overall sector is being structured in Portugal, overcoming the traditional neglect of the political system and the divisions inside the field. The historical institutional approach is here used to make sense of the current changes and debates and the different policy coalitions in place are identified through present and past policy analysis and content analysis of policy debates. This provides a broad background for exploring the hypothesis that the Portuguese TS may be arriving at a critical juncture that will set a new path under the development of a new and broader identity as “social economy.” This paper identifies path-breaking trends, as well as continuities. It argues that the structuring axis TS/welfare state, which has been the driving force of the TS in Portugal, is shifting to the axis TS/economy as a result of changes in both the TS and its political coalitions’ strategies and in the broader context and institutional framework of the welfare state.
The Multiple Exp-Function Method and the Linear Superposition Principle for Solving the (2+1)-Dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff Equation
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M.E. , Al-Nowehy Abdul-Ghani 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this article, the multiple exp-function method and the linear superposition principle are employed for constructing the exact solutions and the solitary wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation. With help of Maple and by using the multiple exp-method, we can get exact explicit one-wave, two-wave, and three-wave solutions, which include one-soliton-, two-soliton-, and three-soliton-type solutions. Furthermore, we apply the linear superposition principle to find n-wave solutions of the CBS equation. Two cases with specific values of the involved parameters are plotted for each two-wave and three-wave solutions.
New Biomaterials For Tissue Engineering
Authors: James Kenneth , Kohn Joachim 
Published: August 2015

The success of tissue engineering rests on the ability to direct specific cell types to multiply, migrate, and express normal physiologic behaviors in order to yield a cellular organization that performs the functions of the desired tissue. For example the engineering of living bone to repair skeletal defects has focused on growing osteoblasts—the cells responsible for bone formation—on degradable polymer matrices in vitro. The polymer matrix initially serves as the scaffold for bone-cell proliferation and maturation. Ideally the cells form a bonelike tissue that after implantation is fully integrated into the patient's own bone, thus repairing the bone injury or defect. Soon thereafter, its function complete, the polymer scaffold resorbs away. Readily apparent is the crucial role the scaffold material occupies in tissue engineering since it serves as the template for cell growth and tissue formation. It is the interaction between the cell and the material that dictates whether the cells will proliferate, mature, and express the desired tissue characteristics.A critical issue facing the biomedical industry today is the availability of raw materials for medical-device manufacture. Furthermore it is now recognized that the materials base of the medical-device industry is outdated. Metals and various industrial plastics (e.g., polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, Dacron®, Teflon®, polyethylene) are the most commonly used biomaterials. These biostable, synthetic implant materials lack the biological sequences and patterns crucial to normal cell function and can trigger aberrant cell responses. Likewise few degradable polymers are available to the medical-device designer and tissue engineer, representing another limitation of the materials base of the medical-device industry (Table I).