bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport and Social Inequalities
Authors: Spaaij Ramón , Farquharson Karen , Marjoribanks Timothy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article reviews recent research on the relationship between sport and social inequalities, focusing on gender, race, nation and social mobility. Through an engagement with these areas of research, we highlight how sport reflects and reinforces broader hierarchical structures; how it serves as a site for both inclusion and exclusion, but in ways that work unevenly; and how sport is ultimately a site for social reproduction of hierarchy and social stratification. We argue that the gender, racial and national hierarchies that sport is embedded within interact to largely prevent sport from being a site for social mobility, despite popular myths to the contrary.
“The Penal Couple”: An Examination of the Relationship Between Victimization and Offending and Its Implications for Criminal Justice
Authors: Zaykowski Heather 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough it is commonly assumed that victims and offenders are distinct groups of people, extant research indicates significant overlap in these populations. The current review explores theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence supporting this position. It also highlights some unique challenges and consequences for the criminal justice system. Key issues and avenues for future research on the link between victimization and offending are discussed.
Procreative and performative kinship among residents in Victorian caravan parks
Authors: Newton Janice 
Published: April 2015

Recent senior anthropologists have heralded a new era where performative social and cultural kinship may eclipse procreational ‘biological kinship’ in contemporary western society. This article takes research on permanent residents in caravan parks as an extreme case that may act as an exemplar for future western contexts. Between 2003 and 2008, interviews with caravan‐park managers, 50 interviews with park residents and short field stays at 17 outer Melbourne and rural Victorian caravan parks, provided multi‐sited ethnographic material for analysis. I argue that contemporary contexts for relatedness give scope for creative development of social performative ties with ‘ex’ spouses and in‐laws, friends and pets. ‘Biological’ kin and family with a material dimension remain central, however, and a response to family need or rupture is often the broadening of the procreative kin links between grandparent and grandchild and between siblings. Childhood institutionalisation and divorce in particular, contributed to pathways towards caravan park housing. Other kin‐based motivations include finding safe accommodation for wives; providing housing for young adult males after injury and family divorce; and arranging for housing succession for children. Ideas of blood and folk biology demonstrate considerable resilience in contemporary kinship arrangements.
An autophosphorylation site database for leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mitra Srijeet K. , Chen Ruiqiang , Dhandaydham Murali , Wang Xiaofeng , Blackburn Robert Kevin , Kota Uma , Goshe Michael B. , Schwartz Daniel , Huber Steven C. , Clouse Steven D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLeucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases (LRR RLKs) form a large family of plant signaling proteins consisting of an extracellular domain connected by a single‐pass transmembrane sequence to a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Autophosphorylation on specific Ser and/or Thr residues in the cytoplasmic domain is often critical for the activation of several LRR RLK family members with proven functional roles in plant growth regulation, morphogenesis, disease resistance, and stress responses. While identification and functional characterization of in vivo phosphorylation sites is ultimately required for a full understanding of LRR RLK biology and function, bacterial expression of recombinant LRR RLK cytoplasmic catalytic domains for identification of in vitro autophosphorylation sites provides a useful resource for further targeted identification and functional analysis of in vivo sites. In this study we employed high‐throughput cloning and a variety of mass spectrometry approaches to generate an autophosphorylation site database representative of more than 30% of the approximately 223 LRR RLKs in Arabidopsis thaliana. We used His‐tagged constructs of complete cytoplasmic domains to identify a total of 592 phosphorylation events across 73 LRR RLKs, with 497 sites uniquely assigned to specific Ser (268 sites) or Thr (229 sites) residues in 68 LRR RLKs. Multiple autophosphorylation sites per LRR RLK were the norm, with an average of seven sites per cytoplasmic domain, while some proteins showed more than 20 unique autophosphorylation sites. The database was used to analyze trends in the localization of phosphorylation sites across cytoplasmic kinase subdomains and to derive a statistically significant sequence motif for phospho‐Ser autophosphorylation.
Retrospective analysis of 30 severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients treated by whole blood exchange transfusion
Authors: Li Bi‐Juan , Yuan Xi , Jiang Yuan‐Jun , Ning‐Li  , Shu Xiang‐Wu , Liu Kai‐Liang 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) results from the excessive destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). Nowadays, there is no exact treatment for severe AIHA and our current medical therapies do not effectively stop the progression of severe AIHA. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used as emergency therapy that is sometimes helpful. Whole blood exchange (WBE) is based on TPE while its replacement liquids are donor RBCs and fresh plasma. We hypothesized that WBE transfusion might be able to control the process of acute hemolysis, avoid the hemolytic crisis, and improve severe hemolytic anemic symptoms rapidly. The objective was to investigate the efficiency of WBE on severe AIHA.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThirty severe AIHA patients were treated with WBE in our hospital from June 2003 to August 2013. An apheresis instrument (COBE Spectra, TerumoBCT) was employed in WBE procedure. We retrospectively analyzed the results of these severe anemic patients.RESULTSTwelve hours after WBE treatment, 26 of 30 (86.7%) patients' Hb levels were elevated immediately. Their total bilirubin concentration, direct bilirubin levels, and titers of antibodies were decreased, and clinical symptoms were relieved rapidly. Two (6.7%) patients' hemolysis was stopped from deteriorating, one (3.3%) patient's hemolysis was not controlled by the treatment due to malignancy, and another (3.3%) patient died from pleural hemorrhage of Evans syndrome.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that WBE is an effective therapy for severe AIHA. Further investigation of this application is warranted.
Genome Sequences of Beak and Feather Disease Virus in Urban Rainbow Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus)
Authors: Collings David A. , Collings Berwyn G. , Julian Laurel , Kurenbach Brigitta , Varsani Arvind 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBeak and feather disease viral genomes were recovered from two deceased juvenile urban rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus) that lacked tail feathers. These genomes share ~95% pairwise identity with two beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genomes identified in wild and captive AustralianT. haematodusbirds and ~92% identity to those in wild New CaledonianT. haematodus deplanchiibirds.
Genome Sequence of
Phlebopus portentosus
Strain PP33, a Cultivated Bolete
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Ying , Yu Zefen , Wang Pengfei , Tang Xiaozhao , He Xiaoxia , Mi Fei , Liu Chunli , Yang Dan , Xu Jianping 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Phlebopus portentosus
can form fruiting bodies, both independently as a saprophyte and in association with plants as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont. It thus offers an excellent model from which to examine the genetic basis of lifestyle adaptations and transitions for mushrooms. This paper reports the genome sequence of a homokaryotic strain of
P. portentosus
, PP33.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma yeatsii Strain GM274B (ATCC 43094)
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Kent Bethany N. , Foecking Mark F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma yeatsii
is a goat mycoplasma species that, although an obligate parasite, accommodates this lifestyle as an inapparent commensalist. High-frequency transformation has also been reported for this species. The complete 895,051-bp genome sequence of strain GM274B has been determined, enabling an analysis of the features of this potential cloning host.
Complete Genome Sequences of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genotype A and B Isolates from South Korea
Authors: Yun Mi-ran , Kim A-Reum , Lee Han Saem , Kim Dae-Won , Lee Wan-Ji , Kim Kisoon , Kim Sung Soon , Kim You-Jin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
There is a paucity of complete genome sequence information for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). To this end, we sequenced the complete genome sequences of HRSV genotype A (HRSV-A/IC688/12) and genotype B (HRSV-B/GW0047/14 and HRSV-B/IC0027/14). This information will increase the understanding of HRSV genetic diversity, evolution, pathogenicity, antigenicity, and transmissibility.
Genome Sequences of Four Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Kant Ravi , Taponen Suvi , Koort Joanna , Paulin Lars , Åvall-Jääskeläinen Silja , Palva Airi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major causative agent of mastitis in dairy cows. The pathogenicity of
S. aureus
may vary; it is able to cause severe clinical mastitis, but most often it is associated with chronic subclinical mastitis. Here, we present the genome assemblies of four
S. aureus
strains from bovine mastitis.
Draft Genome Sequences of Paenibacillus polymyxa NRRL B-30509 and Paenibacillus terrae NRRL B-30644, Strains from a Poultry Environment That Produce Tridecaptin A and Paenicidins
Authors: van Belkum Marco J. , Lohans Christopher T. , Vederas John C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus polymyxa
NRRL B-30509 and
Paenibacillus terrae
NRRL B-30644 produce tridecaptin A that is inhibitory to
Campylobacter jejuni
, as well as lantibiotics in the paenicidin family. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of
P. polymyxa
NRRL B-30509 and
P. terrae
NRRL B-30644 that contain gene clusters for various nonribosomal lipopeptides.
Detecting and developing youth athlete potential: different strokes for different folks are warranted
Authors: Suppiah Haresh T , Low Chee Yong , Chia Michael 
Published: April 2015

Sport talent identification and development (TI and TD) in youth continues to attract strong interest among coaches, sport scientists and sport administrators. TI for sport in youth with the anticipation of future elite level sport achievement is both an art and a science, and is strongly influenced by within athlete and extraneous-to-athlete factors (ecosystem of support or the lack of). The returns from investment on current TI and TD models of sport in youth are subpar in that few continue in the sport to achieve podium positions at the elite sport level in adulthood. Why, where and how one succeeds in sport, and what that success means to the athlete and stakeholders are dependent on the culture and context of the country. We advocate harnessing the power of sport to help in youth development, to be holistic in its nurturance, to allow for individual idiosyncratic expressions of the athletes, to provide for talent transfer across sport, and to facilitate key stakeholders to ‘join’ hands to work for the common interest and understanding for as many youth and adults so as to provide them with opportunities through support and coaching to compete at the different levels of competition in sport. Governments, policy makers and administrators of sport must decide, within their specific circumstances, if TI and TD in sport in youth is serving a meaningful purpose and is a viable return on investment; in short, is it mission possible or is it… a quest for the Holy Grail for a podium finish in elite level sport competition?
Clinical characteristics, precipitating factors, management and outcome of patients with prior stroke hospitalised with heart failure: an observational report from the Middle East
Authors: Khafaji Hadi A R , Sulaiman Kadhim , Singh Rajvir , AlHabib Khalid F , Asaad Nidal , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Bulbanat Bassam , AlMahmeed Wael , Ridha Mustafa , Bazargani Nooshin , Amin Haitham , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , AlFaleh Hussam , Elasfar Abdelfatah , Panduranga Prashanth , Al Suwaidi Jassim 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, precipitating factors, management and outcome of patients with prior stroke hospitalised with acute heart failure (HF).DesignRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.SettingData were derived from Gulf CARE (Gulf aCute heArt failuRe rEgistry), a prospective multicentre study of consecutive patients hospitalised with acute HF in 2012 in seven Middle Eastern countries and analysed according to the presence or absence of prior stroke; demographics, management and outcomes were compared.ParticipantsA total of 5005 patients with HF.Outcome measuresIn-hospital and 1-year outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of prior stroke in patients with HF was 8.1%. Patients with stroke with HF were more likely to be admitted under the care of internists rather than cardiologists. When compared with patients without stroke, patients with stroke were more likely to be older and to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidaemia, chronic kidney disease, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and left ventricular dysfunction (p=0.001 for all). Patients with stroke were less likely to be smokers (0.003). There were no significant differences in terms of precipitating risk factors for HF hospitalisation between the two groups. Patients with stroke with HF had a longer hospital stay (mean±SD days; 11±14 vs 9±13, p=0.03), higher risk of recurrent strokes and 1-year mortality rates (32.7% vs 23.2%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stroke is an independent predictor of in-hospital and 1-year mortality.ConclusionsThis observational study reports high prevalence of prior stroke in patients hospitalised with HF. Internists rather than cardiologists were the predominant caregivers in this high-risk group. Patients with stroke had higher risk of in-hospital recurrent strokes and long-term mortality rates.Trial registration numberNCT01467973.
The use of simulation to develop advanced communication skills relevant to psychiatry
Authors: Kowalski Christopher , Sathanandan Shivanthi 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveUsing simulation, we developed an advanced communication skill training programme with the objective of improving core psychiatry trainees’ confidence in managing difficult situations at work.DesignTwo simulation courses, comprising six scenarios, were developed for psychiatry core trainees (CTs) on the University College London Partners (UCLP) training scheme. Trainees were divided into small groups. Each trainee undertook two scenarios each. Feedback was delivered by facilitators, peers and the simulated patients. Written feedback was also given.SettingThe courses were delivered in a local postgraduate medical education centre.PatientsActors were used to simulate adult psychiatric patients and their relatives. Other scenarios involved actors portraying colleagues.InterventionsThe simulations offered an opportunity for experiential learning while the debriefs allowed for focused feedback on trainees’ communication styles.Main outcome measuresChanges in trainees’ perception of their ability to deal with difficult situations at work were measured. Semistructured interviews further explored trainees’ experience of the course and its educational impact.Results100% (n=39) of the trainees felt that their communication skills had improved after the training. 97% felt more able to defuse an angry/tense situation at work while 92% felt more able to deal with a difficult situation requiring sophisticated communication skills. 97% felt that regular simulation training would be valuable while 100% (n=24) of facilitators agreed that the experience was valuable to the trainees’ professional development. Qualitative analysis showed that trainees found the scenarios realistic, that the experience had led to an increased awareness of their communication style and that original improvements in confidence had translated to their clinical work.ConclusionsThe programme demonstrates that it is possible to use simulation in a simple, inexpensive and time-effective manner to provide realistic, enjoyable and educationally beneficial advanced communication skill training relevant to psychiatric practice.
M-Ary Alpha-Stable Noise Modulation in Spread-Spectrum Communication
Authors: Cek Mehmet Emre 
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a spread-spectrum communication system based on a random carrier is proposed which transmits M-ary information. The random signal is considered as a single realization of a random process taken from prescribed symmetric α-stable (SαS) distribution that carries digital M-ary information to be transmitted. Considering the noise model in the channel as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), the transmitter sends the information carrying random signal from non-Gaussian density. Alpha-stable distribution is used to encode the M-ary message. Inspired by the chaos shift keying techniques, the proposed method is called M-ary symmetric alpha-stable differential shift keying (M-ary SαS-DSK). The main purpose of preferring non-Gaussian noise instead of conventional pseudo-noise (PN) sequence is to overcome the drawback of self-repeating noise-like sequences which are detectable due to the periodic behavior of the autocorrelation function of PN sequences. Having infinite second order moment in α-stable random carrier offers secrecy of the information due to the non-constant autocorrelation behavior. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed method is illustrated by Monte Carlo simulations with respect to various characteristic exponent values and different data length.
G-CSF Promotes Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis via STAT3-Dependent Cancer Stem Cell Activation
Authors: Agarwal Saurabh , Lakoma Anna , Chen Zaowen , Hicks John , Metelitsa Leonid S. , Kim Eugene S. , Shohet Jason M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulation in neuroblastoma is known to be marked by expression of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Here, we report on the mechanistic contributions of the G-CSFR in neuroblastoma CSCs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the receptor ligand G-CSF selectively activates STAT3 within neuroblastoma CSC subpopulations, promoting their expansion in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous G-CSF enhances tumor growth and metastasis in human xenograft and murine neuroblastoma tumor models. In response to G-CSF, STAT3 acts in a feed-forward loop to transcriptionally activate the G-CSFR and sustain neuroblastoma CSCs. Blockade of this G-CSF–STAT3 signaling loop with either anti-G-CSF antibody or STAT3 inhibitor depleted the CSC subpopulation within tumors, driving correlated tumor growth inhibition, decreased metastasis, and increased chemosensitivity. Taken together, our results define G-CSF as a CSC-activating factor in neuroblastoma, suggest a comprehensive reevaluation of the clinical use of G-CSF in these patients to support white blood cell counts, and suggest that direct targeting of the G-CSF–STAT3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2566–79. ©2015 AACR.
Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy with Anti-CD137 Antibody Therapy
Authors: Yonezawa Atsushi , Dutt Suparna , Chester Cariad , Kim Jeewon , Kohrt Holbrook E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the past 5 years, immunomodulatory antibodies have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. CD137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, represents a promising target for enhancing antitumor immune responses. CD137 helps regulate the activation of many immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Recent studies indicate that the antitumor efficacy of therapeutic tumor-targeting antibodies can be augmented by the addition of agonistic antibodies targeting CD137. As ligation of CD137 provides a costimulatory signal in multiple immune cell subsets, combination therapy of CD137 antibody with therapeutic antibodies and/or vaccination has the potential to improve cancer treatment. Recently, clinical trials of combination therapies with agonistic anti-CD137 mAbs have been launched. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and clinical promise of agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3113–20. ©2015 AACR.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Combination with Weight Loss on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duggan Catherine , de Dieu Tapsoba Jean , Mason Caitlin , Imayama Ikuyo , Korde Larissa , Wang Ching-Yun , McTiernan Anne 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObesity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with risk for several cancers, possibly through inflammation and adipokine-related pathways. Two hundred and eighteen postmenopausal women with BMI &gt; 25 kg/m2 and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D; ≥10–&lt;32 ng/mL), were randomized to 12 months of either (i) weight-loss intervention + 2000 IU/day oral vitamin D3 or (ii) weight-loss intervention + daily placebo. Serum adiponectin, leptin, TNFα, IL6, IL1β, IL8, and IL10, were measured by immunoassay, and a composite inflammatory biomarker score calculated. Using generalized estimating equations, mean changes in outcomes were compared between arms (intent-to-treat), adjusted for possible confounders. Analyses were also stratified by weight-loss (gained/no weight-loss; &lt;5%; 5% to 10%; ≥10%). At 12 months, there were no significant differences in analyte changes between arms. In stratified analyses, participants randomized to vitamin D3 who lost 5% to 10% of baseline weight, versus participants who gained weight/had no weight-loss, had significantly greater decreases in levels of IL6 compared with those randomized to placebo: absolute change −0.75 pg/mL (−17.2%), placebo versus −1.77 pg/mL (−37.3%), vitamin D, P = 0.004. Similar but attenuated results were observed for participants who lost ≥10% of baseline weight: −0.41 pg/mL (−13.6%), placebo versus −0.67 pg/mL (−17.3%), vitamin D, P = 0.02. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on levels of IL1β were inconsistent when stratified by weight loss. There were no intervention effects on IL10, TNFα, IL8, the composite score, adiponectin, or leptin, when stratified by weight-loss. In conclusion, vitamin D3 supplementation in combination with weight-loss of at least 5% of baseline weight was associated with significant reductions in levels of IL6. Cancer Prev Res; 8(7); 628–35. ©2015 AACR.