bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of HIV Testing Among Rural African American Cocaine Users
Authors: Wright Patricia B. , Booth Brenda M. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Borders Tyrone F. , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Stewart Katharine E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAndersen's Revised Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (RBM) was used as a framework in this correlational cross‐sectional study to examine factors associated with HIV testing among a sample of 251 rural African American cocaine users. All participants reported using cocaine and being sexually active within the past 30 days. Independent variables were categorized according to the RBM as predisposing, enabling, need, or health behavior factors. Number of times tested for HIV (never, one time, two to four times, five or more times) was the outcome of interest. In ordered logistic regression analyses, HIV testing was strongly associated with being female, of younger age (predisposing factors); having been tested for sexually transmitted diseases or hepatitis, ever having been incarcerated in jail or prison (enabling factors); and having had one sex partner the past 30 days (health behavior factor). Other sexual risk behaviors, drug use, health status, and perception of risk were not associated with HIV testing. Our findings confirm the importance of routine testing in all healthcare settings rather than risk‐based testing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presence‐only species distribution models to predict suitability over a long‐term study for a species with a growing population
Authors: MCfarland Tiffany M. , Grzybowski Joseph A. , Mathewson Heather A. , Morrison Michael L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe used a long‐term data set of black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) detection locations collected between May and June of 1990 through 2005 within the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma, USA, to determine how presence‐only distribution models change as a population expands to help focus conservation and management activities. We used MaxEnt to model black‐capped vireo habitat suitability for each of 4 years using detection data and several remotely sensed habitat metrics, including soil type, slope, and elevation. We assessed how well each model fit the detection data, what metrics vireos were using, and how well each model predicted occupancy across time. We found that as the vireo population increased, vireos began occupying a wider range of landscape characteristics. As a result, the models predicted more area with high suitability as the population grew. Similarly, we found that a model's ability to predict vireo occupancy in future years decreased with time, with low predictability even 5 years out. The combination of a secluded study site and specific aspects of this species' behavior likely accounted for the poor performance of our models at predicting areas into which vireos would expand over time. We conclude that habitat models should consider population status and be used with caution to predict areas of future occupancy if the population is currently expanding. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Productivity measures of white‐tailed deer in New Hampshire: Assessing reduced recruitment
Authors: Fortin Nicholas L. , Pekins Peter J. , Gustafson Kent A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTEffective management of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations requires reliable estimates of demographic parameters. New Hampshire's deer population has increased substantially since the 1980s, while recruitment rates based on indices from harvested deer have steadily declined since the mid‐1990s. To better understand the reasons for such decline, we assessed the current reproductive attributes of New Hampshire's deer herd through measurement of ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, and fetal counts from winter mortalities during 2011–2013 and compared these data with similar data collected in New Hampshire, USA, during 1972–1987. Pregnancy rates were 97% and 100% in the adult and yearling age classes, respectively, but few (8%) fawns bred. All pregnant fawns carried single fetuses, while yearlings averaged 1.72 fetuses and adults 1.95. Peak breeding for adults and yearlings occurred during the third week of November; fawns bred 4 weeks later. Pregnancy rate and fecundity of older deer were unchanged since the 1980s; fawn pregnancy rate declined but was always relatively low. Productivity of the population increased due to a greater proportion of adults in 2011–2013, suggesting that declining recruitment may be due to increased summer fawn mortality. Additional research is needed to provide more accurate estimates of recruitment and to identify the specific causes of summer fawn mortality; however, in New Hampshire and other northern deer populations limited by severe winters, lower recruitment rates may render local population goals unachievable. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Flotillin-1 facilitates toll-like receptor 3 signaling in human endothelial cells
Authors: Fork Christian , Hitzel Juliane , Nichols Benjamin J. , Tikkanen Ritva , Brandes Ralf P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Endothelial cells are important elements in the vascular response to danger-associated molecules signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Flotillin-1 and -2 are markers of membrane rafts but their true endothelial function is unknown. We hypothesized that flotillins are required for TLR signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knockdown of flotillin-1 by shRNA decreased the TLR3-mediated poly-I:C-induced but not the TLR4-mediated LPS-induced inflammatory activation of HUVEC. As TLR3 but not TLR4 signals through the endosomal compartment, flotillin-1 might be involved in the transport of poly-I:C to its receptor. Consistently, uptake of poly-I:C was attenuated by flotillin-1 knockdown and probably involved the scavenger receptor SCARA4 as revealed by knockdown of this receptor. To determine the underlying mechanism, SILAC proteomics was performed. Down-regulation of flotillin-1 led to a reduction of the structural caveolae proteins caveolin-1, cavin-1 and -2, suggesting a role of flotillin-1 in caveolae formation. Flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 colocalized within the cell, and knockdown of flotillin-1 decreased caveolin-1 expression in an endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent manner. Importantly, downregulation of caveolin-1 also attenuated TLR3-induced signaling. To demonstrate the importance of this finding, cell adhesion was studied. Flotillin-1 shRNA attenuated the poly-I:C-mediated induction of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. As a consequence, the poly-I:C-induced adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells onto HUVECs was significantly attenuated by flotillin-1 shRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that interaction between flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 may facilitate the transport of TLR3-ligands to its intracellular receptor and enables inflammatory TLR3 signaling.
n‐3 PUFA Induce Microvascular Protective Changes During Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: de Souza Maria das Graças Coelho , Conde Cristiane Maria Simonato , Laflôr Camila Maurente , Sicuro Fernando Lencastre , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte‐endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) found in fish oil have several anti‐inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm2), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm2), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm2), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm2), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm2) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm2, respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
Isopropyl Alcohol Extraction of De‐hulled Yellow Mustard Flour
Authors: Sinichi S. , Diosady L. L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVegetable oils are typically extracted with hexane; however, health and environmental concerns over its use have prompted the search for alternative solvents. Mustard oil was extracted with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to produce an IPA‐oil miscella suitable for industrial applications. Single‐stage extraction resulted in 87.6 % oil yield at a 10:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Multiple‐stage extraction resulted in higher extraction efficiency with lower IPA use. Four‐stage cross‐current extraction at an IPA/flour ratio of 2:1 (v/w) per stage resulted in 93.7 % oil yield. At 45 °C, a 91.5 % oil yield was achieved with three‐stage extraction using a 2:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Any changes to the pH of the mixture resulted in reduced oil yield. Water also reduced the extraction efficiency. The azeotropic IPA solution containing 13 % water extracted ~40 % less oil than did dry IPA in both single and multiple‐stage extractions. Some polar compounds were also extracted, including sugars; however, protein extraction was negligible. The protein left in the extracted meal was not degraded or lost during the extraction. The results suggest that IPA is an excellent solvent for mustard oil, but water content exceeding 5 % in the solvent adversely affects the oil extraction and reuse of the IPA.
Emotion regulation styles as longitudinal predictors of compulsive exercise: A twelve month prospective study
Authors: Goodwin Huw , Haycraft Emma , Meyer Caroline 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTExercise can be used as a mood regulator but, in the eating disorder literature, exercise has sometimes been found to be compulsive, detrimental to physical health, and regarded as one maladaptive strategy used to regulate emotions. This study examined longitudinal associations between emotion regulation styles and this compulsive exercise in 572 adolescents who completed measures of compulsive exercise and emotion regulation. Twelve months later they completed measures of compulsive exercise. Compulsive exercise was predicted by Internal Dysfunctional emotion regulation in girls and boys, even after controlling for initial levels of compulsive exercise. Adolescents displaying compulsivity to exercise may require intervention programmes to alter their emotion regulation strategies.
The Role of the RNFA in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Preparation
Authors: Rozakis Melissa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures in the United States. Repair of the ACL often requires the use of autografts or allografts, and the RN first assistant (RNFA) often is the team member responsible for preparing the graft. Common grafts used in ACL repair include bone‐patellar tendon‐bone, hamstring, Achilles tendon, quadriceps tendon, and tibialis anterior tendon. The RNFA must be competent in preparing all of these grafts and in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of using each graft, such as the reasons for graft choice, and must ensure that all graft‐related supplies and equipment are available and ready for use. The ability to prepare all graft types expands treatment options, reduces surgical time, and enhances the role of the RNFA.
Implementing Hexaminolevulinate HCl Blue Light Cystoscopy: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Calvaresi Anne E. , Trabulsi Edouard J. , Sonzogni Maryann , Gomella Leonard G. , Lallas Costas D. , Wachsmuth Kristen S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHexaminolevulinate HCl is a diagnostic imaging agent used with blue light during cystoscopy to help detect non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Blue light cystoscopy performed using hexaminolevulinate HCl has been found to detect more papillary non–muscle‐invasive bladder tumors than cystoscopy performed using standard white light. Because bladder instillation and retention requirements of hexaminolevulinate during cystoscopy can affect patient flow in the perioperative setting, this technique necessitates changes in nursing practice and care of patients with known or suspected non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Nursing personnel at one facility followed the AORN guidelines for preoperative patient care in the ambulatory setting to address staffing, preoperative nursing assessment, anesthesia evaluation, and preoperative teaching related to implementing blue light cystoscopy.
Promoting Teamwork and Surgical Optimization: Combining TeamSTEPPS With a Specialty Team Protocol
Authors: Tibbs Sheila Marie , Moss Jacqueline 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis quality improvement project was a 300‐day descriptive preintervention and postintervention comparison consisting of a convenience sample of 18 gynecology surgical team members. We administered the Team Strategies & Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) Teamwork Perception Questionnaire to measure the perception of teamwork. In addition, we collected data regarding rates of compliance (ie, huddle, time out) and measurable surgical procedure times. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the number of team members present for each procedure, 2.34 μ before compared with 2.61 μ after (P = .038), and in the final time‐out (FTO) compliance as a result of a clarification of the definition of FTO, 1.05 μ before compared with 1.18 μ after (P = .004). Additionally, there was improvement in staff members’ perception of teamwork. The implementation of team training, protocols, and algorithms can enhance surgical optimization, communication, and work relationships.
The Relationship Between Direct‐Care RN Specialty Certification and Surgical Patient Outcomes
Authors: Boyle Diane K. , Cramer Emily , Potter Catima , Gatua Mary W. , Stobinski James X. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpecialty certification enhances patient safety in health care by validating that practice is consistent with standards of excellence. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between direct‐care, specialty‐certified nurses employed in perioperative units, surgical intensive care units (SICUs), and surgical units and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes in SICUs and surgical units. Lower rates of central‐line–associated bloodstream infections in SICUs were significantly associated with higher rates of CPAN (certified postanesthesia nurse) (β = ‐0.09, P = .05) and CNOR/CRNFA (certified nurse operating room/certified RN first assistant) (β = ‐0.17, P = .00) certifications in perioperative units. Unexpectedly, higher rates of CNOR/CRNFA certification in perioperative units were associated with higher rates of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (β = 0.08, P = .03) and unit‐acquired pressure ulcers (β = 0.13, P = .00), possibly because of a higher risk of pressure ulcers in the patient population. Additional research is needed to clarify this relationship. Our findings lend credence to perioperative, SICU, and surgical nurses participating in lifelong learning and continuous professional development, including achievement of specialty certification.
Back to Basics: Implementing the Surgical Checklist
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSurgery is complex and technically demanding for all team members. Surgical checklists have been implemented with different degrees of success in the perioperative setting. There is a wealth of evidence that they are effective at preventing patient safety events and helping team members master the complexities of modern health care. Implementation is key to successful use of the surgical checklist in all invasive procedural settings. Key strategies for successful checklist implementation include establishing a multidisciplinary team to implement the checklist, involving surgeon leaders, pilot testing the checklist, incorporating feedback from team members to improve the process, recognizing and addressing barriers to implementation, and offering coaching and continuous feedback to team members who use the checklist. Using these strategies will give the perioperative nurse, department leaders, and surgeons the tools to implement a successful checklist.
Clinical Issues‐November 2014
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , Wood Amber 
Published: October 2014

This MonthAllowing OR doors to remain open during and between proceduresKey words: open doors, positive air flow, negative air flow, traffic, surgical site infection, SSI.Negative pressure roomsKey words: negative pressure, negative air flow, airborne precautions.Definition of HEP‐LOCK and the importance of clarifying instructionsKey words: HEP‐LOCK, competency, central venous catheter.Vaginal antisepsis for patients with povidone‐iodine allergyKey words: vaginal antisepsis, vaginal prep, povidone‐iodine, povidone‐iodine allergy.
Intraoperative red cell salvage during obstetric surgery in 50 Japanese women
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Kuramoto Akitaka , Nakayama Masaki , Oguchi Hidenori , Hasegawa Masaaki , Funakoshi Toru , Furukawa Seishi , Hirayama Emi , Kanagawa Takeshi , Kaji Takashi , Kasai Mayumi , Konishi Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Itakura Atsuo , Maeda Makoto , Kobayashi Takao , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical usefulness of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in obstetrics.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data for 50 patients who had received ICS blood during obstetric surgery at 13 Japanese facilities between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013. The frequencies of ICS‐associated adverse events, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT), and preoperative autologous donation (PAD) were assessed.ResultsPlacenta previa was the indication for ICS in 42 (84%) women. The ICS blood was reinfused in all women (median 366 mL; range 80 to at least 3715). No ICS‐associated adverse events occurred. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 2171 mL (range 574–47 000); 27 (54%) women lost at least 2000 mL. ABT was not used in 33 (66%) women. Among 26 women who lost at least 2000 mL of blood and were included in analyses, 12 (44%) did not receive ABT. EBL was linearly correlated with the total volume of transfused blood (P < 0.001).ConclusionICS caused no adverse events among women at elevated risk of peripartum hemorrhage and might be safe for use in obstetrics.
Three‐dimensional ultrasonography versus two‐dimensional ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intrauterine device malposition
Authors: Chen Xiu‐ying , Guo Qing‐yun , Wang Wen , Huang Li‐li 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional (2D) versus three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intrauterine device (IUD) malposition.MethodsIn a prospective study, women with a history of failed IUD removal and/or ultrasonography results indicating malposition were recruited at a center in Hangzhou, China, between March 1, 2009, and September 30, 2011. All patients underwent 2D and 3D ultrasonography. Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or laparotomy was carried out to remove the IUDs and was considered the gold standard for diagnosing malposition.ResultsAmong 130 participants, 128 (98.5%) were diagnosed with IUD malposition by hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or laparotomy. Malposition had been correctly identified with 2D ultrasonography in 83 (64.8%) cases, and with 3D ultrasonography in 107 (83.6%) cases. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasonography was significantly better than was that of 2D ultrasonography (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of 2D ultrasonography is recommended for the follow‐up of women who use IUDs as a contraceptive method. However, 3D ultrasonography should be used when malposition is suspected.
Nitric oxide levels in the aqueous humor vary in different ocular hypertension experimental models
Authors: Lu Da‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Hao , Chang Charn‐Jung , Chiang Chiao‐Hsi , Yao Hsin‐Yu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental ocular hypertension models. A total of 75 rabbits were used. One of four different materials [i.e., α‐chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or sodium hyaluronate (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 rabbits were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1–3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the aqueous humor were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by α‐chymotrypsin (p < 0.01) and Polybead (p < 0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p < 0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1–3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p < 0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the aqueous humor NO levels increased significantly in the models of α‐chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p < 0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of α‐chymotrypsin and Polybead (p < 0.005). Persistent ocular hypertension models were induced with α‐chymotrypsin and Polybead in the rabbits. The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased aqueous humor NO level, similar to human eyes with acute angle‐closure glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma.