bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forced convection heat transfer from confined circular/semi‐circular heaters and coolers with various orientations
Authors: Kaur Rajvinder , Sharma Sapna , Chandra Avinash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe combined implementation of porous medium and hybrid nanofluid with heaters and coolers can be an effective technique to improve the efficiency of several types of electric equipment. In this regard, the present study has been conducted to analyze the forced convection heat transfer of water‐based hybrid nanofluid in porous channel with pairs of heaters and coolers of various shapes. The circular and semi‐circular heaters and coolers with distinct orientations are considered. The Peclet number , Darcy number , porosity , and volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles are chosen as the governing parameters. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method based commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The acquired results exhibit that the heat transfer from heaters and coolers is enhanced by decreasing and for all the cases and values of and . The lowest heat transfer has been obtained by circular heaters and coolers (case 1). Moreover, the semi‐circular heaters and coolers with curved facing towards channel inlet (case 2) and flat surface towards the bottom channel wall (case 4) show higher heat transfer compared to other cases. The average Nusselt number for case 4 is around 3.63% higher from case 2 at the highest values of the considered parameters. Case 4 shows the minimum drag coefficient and maximum heat transfer at the highest values of the governing parameters.
Clinical outcomes of ruxolitinib treatment in 595 intermediate‐1 risk patients with myelofibrosis: The RUX‐MF Real‐World Study
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Elli Elena M. , Morsia Erika , Benevolo Giulia , Tiribelli Mario , Beggiato Eloise , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Farina Mirko , Martino Bruno , Caocci Giovanni , Pugliese Novella , Tieghi Alessia , Crugnola Monica , Binotto Gianni , Cavazzini Francesco , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Iurlo Alessandra , Isidori Alessandro , Bosi Costanza , Guglielmana Veronica , Venturi Marta , Dedola Alessandra , Loffredo Michele , Fontana Gabriele , Duminuco Andrea , Moioli Alessia , Tosoni Luca , Scalzulli Emilia , Cattaneo Daniele , Lemoli Roberto M. , Cilloni Daniela , Bocchia Monica , Pane Fabrizio , Heidel Florian H. , Vianelli Nicola , Cavo Michele , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Branzanti Filippo , Breccia Massimo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRuxolitinib (RUX) is a JAK1/2 inhibitor approved for the therapy of myelofibrosis (MF) based on clinical trials including only intermediate2‐high risk (INT2/HIGH) patients. However, RUX is commonly used in intermediate‐1 (INT1) patients, with scarce information on responses and outcome.MethodsThe authors investigated the benefit of RUX in 1055 MF patients, included in the “RUX‐MF” retrospective study.ResultsAt baseline (BL), 595 (56.2%) patients were at INT1‐risk according to DIPSS (PMF) or MYSEC‐PM (SMF). The spleen was palpable at <5 cm, between 5 and 10 cm, and >10 cm below costal margin in 5.9%, 47.4%, and 39.7% of patients, respectively; 300 (54.1%) were highly symptomatic (total symptom score ≥20). High‐molecular‐risk (HMR) mutations (IDH1/2, ASXL‐1, SRSF2, EZH2, U2AF1Q157) were detected in 77/167 patients. A total of 101 (19.2%) patients had ≥1 cytopenia (Hb < 10 g/dL: n.36; PLT <100 x 109/L: n = 43; white blood cells <4 x 109/L: n = 40). After 6 months on RUX, IWG‐MRT–defined spleen and symptoms response rates were 26.8% and 67.9%, respectively. In univariate analysis, predictors of SR at 6 months were no HMR mutations odds ratio [OR], 2.0, p = .05], no cytopenia (OR, 2.10; p = .01), and blasts <1% (OR, 1.91; p = .01). In multivariate analysis, absence of HMR maintained a significant association (OR, 2.1 [1.12–3.76]; p = .01).ConclusionsIn INT1 patients, responses were more frequent and durable, whereas toxicity rates were lower compared to INT2/high‐risk patients. Presence of HMR mutations, cytopenia, and peripheral blasts identified less‐responsive INT1 patients, who may benefit for alternative therapeutic strategies.
Modulating soybean yield responses to climate warming: The role of E3 and E4 loci in growth period adaptation
Authors: Kumagai Etsushi , Nakano Satoshi , Matsuo Naoki , Yamada Tetsuya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCrop models have suggested high sensitivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to day length and the resultant extension of the growth period as a concept to overcome yield loss due to climate warming. However, experimental validation of this concept is incomplete. The E3 and E4 loci encode phytochrome A isoforms and enhance sensitivity to day length. Our previous study showed that the dominant E4 allele can mitigate yield loss due to warming. In this study, we similarly tested the hypothesis that the dominant E3 allele can reduce yield loss caused by warming. One of the leading Japanese cultivars Enrei (e3/E4) and near‐isogenic lines (NIL‐e3e4, NIL‐E3e4, and NIL‐E3E4) in the Enrei genetic background were grown at near ambient temperature or either 2.0°C or 4.7°C above ambient temperature in temperature‐gradient chambers (TGCs) in a cool region in Japan. The number of days from sowing to beginning of flowering (R1) decreased with increasing temperature, regardless of genotype. However, increasing temperature extended the period from R1 to beginning of pod filling (R3) and increased pod number per plant and seed yield per plant in all genotypes except NIL‐e3e4. Combined data from the TGC experiment and from field trials across three different latitudes showed that the decreased developmental rate during the R1–R3 period can be attributed to longer days, rather than by supra‐optimal temperatures. We conclude that E3, in addition to E4, could potentially increase seed yield in cool regions under future warming.
Illuminating the impact of γδ T cells in man and mice in spondylarthritides
Authors: Meyer Anja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpondylarthritides (SpA) are a group of autoinflammatory diseases affecting the spine, peripheral joints, and entheses, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis. AxSpA has a multifactorial etiology that involves genetic predispositions, such as HLA‐B27 and IL‐23R. Although HLA‐B27 is strongly associated with axSpA, its role remains unclear. GWAS studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms related to the IL‐23 pathway occur throughout the spectrum of SpA, including but not limited to axSpA and PsA. IL‐23 promotes the production of IL‐17, which drives inflammation and tissue damage. This pathway contributes not only to peripheral enthesitis but also to spinal inflammation. γδ T cells in axSpA express IL‐23R and RORγt, crucial for their activation, although specific pathogenic cells and factors remain elusive. Despite drug efficacy in PsA, IL‐23R inhibition is ineffective in axSpA. Murine models provide valuable insights into the intricate cellular and molecular interactions that contribute to the development and progression of SpA. Those models are useful tools to elucidate the dynamics of γδ T cell involvement, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to illuminate the complex interplay between IL‐23 and γδ T cells in SpA pathogenesis, emphasizing their roles in chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and disease heterogeneity.
Developing normative values and predictive models for the 6‐minute walk test across diverse adolescent developmental stages
Authors: Ghouili Hatem , Dergaa Ismail , Dridi Amel , Farhani Zouhaier , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Ben Aissa Mohamed , Hammami Nadhir , Bouassida Anissa , Guelmami Noomen , Souissi Nizar , Weiss Katja , Rosemann Thomas , Ben Ezzeddine Lamia , Knechtle Beat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe six‐minute walking test (6MWT) is commonly used to measure functional capacity in field settings, primarily through the distance covered. This study aims to establish reference curves for the six‐minute walking distance (6MWD) and peak heart rate (PHR) and develop a predictive equation for cardiovascular capacity in Tunisian children and adolescents. A total of 1501 participants (706 boys and 795 girls), aged 10–18 years, were recruited from schools in Tunisia. The Lambda (L), Mu (M), and Sigma (S) methods (LMS method) were employed to develop smoothed percentile curves for 6MWD and PHR. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to formulate a prediction equation for 6MWD. Smoothed percentiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th) for 6MWD and PHR were presented with age. All variables showed a strong positive correlation (p < 0.001) with a six‐minute walking distance (r ranged from 0.227 to 0.558 for girls and from 0.309 to 0.610 for boys), except resting heart rate, which showed a strong negative correlation (girls: r = −0.136; boys: r = −0.201; p < 0.001). Additionally, PHR showed a weak correlation (p > 0.05). The prediction equations, based on age as the primary variable, were established for both genders. For boys: 6MWD = 66.181 + 38.142 × Age (years) (R2 = 0.372; Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) = 122.13), and for girls: 6MWD = 105.535 + 28.390 × Age (years) (R2 = 0.312; SEE = 103.66). The study provides normative values and predictive equations for 6MWD and PHR in Tunisian children and adolescents. These findings offer essential tools for identifying, monitoring, and interpreting cardiovascular functional deficits in clinical and research settings.
Sports and exercise‐related smartphone use is antagonistic to hedonic use in regular exercisers: A cross‐sectional study examining the roles of exercise frequency and duration
Authors: Pirwani Neha , Szabo Attila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHedonic smartphone use has been associated with dependence and addiction studied under the umbrella term Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU). Research usually explores total screen time as an index of PSU. A few studies suggest that exercise is inversely related to smartphone use time. However, it is unknown which primary characteristics of exercise behavior are related to more moderate smarthone use. Furthermore, the purpose of smartphone use, such as hedonic use associated with PSU versus utilitarian use, was not tested in the sports and exercise contexts. Hedonic use generally means playing with the smartphone for joy, distraction, and satisfaction. Utilitarian use implies practical and valuable use. There is a conjecture that sports involvement may foster utilitarian use through increased involvement in sports‐related information‐seeking, goal‐setting, and self‐monitoring.MethodsTherefore, we examined whether weekly exercise frequency, workout duration, and perceived exercise intensity relate to total daily smarthone and hedonic use and whether this relationship is mediated by sports‐related utilitarian device use. We tested regularly exercising adults (n = 360, 132 males, Mage = 39.0 ± 9.8, Mweekly exercise = 5.8 ± 1.9) who volunteered for this study and provided demographic information about their exercise habits and smartphone use.ResultsThe results revealed that all exercise parameters mediated the total daily smartphone use, with perceived exercise intensity being a negative predictor. Further, exercise frequency and duration (but not intensity) positively predicted sports‐related smartphone use, which inversely predicted hedonic use.ConclusionThese results suggest that exercise parameters directly relate to daily smartphone use, which completely mediates hedonic use. These findings may partially account for the frequently reported inverse relationship between regular exercise and PSU by suggesting that the connection is mediated via sports‐related smartphone use.
CFD study of heat transfer in power‐law fluids over multiple corrugated circular cylinders in a heat exchanger
Authors: Rajpuriya Sonam Gopaldasji , Shyam Radhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe heat transfer in power‐law fluids across three corrugated circular cylinders placed in a triangular pitch arrangement is studied computationally in a confined channel. Continuity, momentum, and energy balance equations were solved using ANSYS FLUENT (Version 18.0). The flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible, two‐dimensional, and laminar. A square domain of side 300Dh is selected after a detailed domain study. An optimized grid with 98,187 cells is used in the study. The convergence criteria of 10−7 for the continuity, x‐momentum, and y‐momentum balances and 10−12 for the energy equation were used. Constant density and non‐Newtonian power‐law viscosity modules were used. The diffusive term is discretized using a central difference scheme. Convective terms are discretized using the Second‐Order Upwind scheme. Pressure–velocity coupling between continuity and momentum equations was implemented using the semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equation scheme. Streamlines show wake development behind the cylinders, which is very dominant at large ReN and n. Isotherm contours are cramped at higher values of ReN and PrN, implying higher heat transfer. Global parameters, like, Cd and Nu, are computed for the wide ranges of controlling dimensionless parameters, such as power‐law index (0.3 ≤ n ≤ 1.5), Reynolds (0.1 ≤ ReN ≤ 40), and Prandtl (0.72 ≤ PrN ≤ 500) numbers. The NuLocal plot attains a pitch near the corrugation of the surface due to abrupt changes in velocity and temperature gradients. Nu increases with ReN and/or PrN and decreases with n under ot herwise identical situations. Nu is correlated with pertinent parameters, namely, ReN, PrN, and n.
An initial assessment of winter microclimatic conditions in response to seismic line disturbance in a forested peatland
Authors: Bayatvarkeshi Maryam , Ketcheson Scott , Weiland Lelia , Strack Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLinear disturbances are widespread in the boreal region of Alberta, Canada. Despite their ubiquitous nature, little is known about their influence on over‐winter meteorological conditions and if and how they alter the snowpack and soil temperature profiles through altered energy and water balances in the wintertime. The presence of seismic lines could affect hydrological processes in both the wintertime and warm months. This will then affect plant communities and carbon cycling on these disturbances. Thus, understanding the effect of seismic lines on meteorological conditions during cold weather conditions will be important to better understand how they alter ecosystem function. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the effect of two seismic lines with different orientations created for petroleum resource exploration on energy and meteorological variables by comparing them with the near surface conditions in the adjacent wooded peatland area from October 2022 to April 2023. We observed 1.8 times higher photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation on the linear disturbances than in the understory of the undisturbed locations and a greater negative net radiation on the seismic lines compared with that observed off the lines. Furthermore, the average wind speed on the seismic lines were eight and seven times higher at the east–west and south–north oriented seismic lines than the adjacent wooded peatland, respectively. Together, these changes resulted in a denser snowpack on the seismic line and overall higher snow water equivalent in the pre‐melt snowpack. This provided insulation for the soil, and soil temperature on the lines stayed above freezing 7 days longer at the east–west oriented site or retained non‐freezing condition at the south–north oriented site in the upper 15 cm. This would result in more microbial activity and potential higher over‐winter carbon releases.
Distributed edge analytics in edge‐fog‐cloud continuum
Authors: Srirama Satish Narayana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address the increased latency, network load and compromised privacy issues associated with the Cloud‐centric IoT applications, fog computing has emerged. Fog computing utilizes the proximal computational and storage devices, for sensor data analytics. The edge‐fog‐cloud continuum thus provides significant edge analytics capabilities for realizing interesting IoT applications. While edge analytics tasks are usually performed on a single node, distributed edge analytics proposes utilizing multiple nodes from the continuum, concurrently. This paper discusses and demonstrates distributed edge analytics from three different perspectives; serverless data pipelines (SDP), distributed computing and edge analytics, and federated learning, with our frameworks, MQTT based SDP, CANTO and FIDEL, respectively. The results produced in the paper, through different case studies, show the feasibility of performing distributed edge analytics following the three approaches, across the continuum.
Autophagy‐mediated activation of the AIM2 inflammasome enhances M1 polarization of microglia and exacerbates retinal neovascularization
Authors: Liu Xianyang , Zhou Qian , Meng Jiayu , Zuo Hangjia , Li Ruonan , Zhang Rui , Lu Huiping , Zhang Zhi , Li Hongshun , Zeng Shuhao , Tian Meng , Wang Hong , Hu Ke , Li Na , Mao Liming , Hou Shengping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal neovascularization (RNV) disease that is characterized by abnormal blood vessel development in the retina. Importantly, the etiology of ROP remains understudied. We re‐analyzed previously published single‐cell data and discovered a strong correlation between microglia and RNV diseases, particularly ROP. Subsequently, we found that reactive oxygen species reduced autophagy‐dependent protein degradation of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in hypoxic BV2 cells, leading to increased AIM2 protein accumulation. Furthermore, we engineered AIM2 knockout mice and observed that the RNV was significantly reduced compared to wild‐type mice. In vitro vascular function assays also demonstrated diminished angiogenic capabilities following AIM2 knockdown in hypoxic BV2 cells. Mechanistically, AIM2 enhanced the M1‐type polarization of microglia via the ASC/CASP1/IL‐1β pathway, resulting in RNV. Notably, the administration of recombinant protein IL‐1β exacerbated angiogenesis, while its inhibition ameliorated the condition. Taken together, our study provides a novel therapeutic target for ROP and offers insight into the interaction between pyroptosis and autophagy.
The rising SARS‐CoV‐2 JN.1 variant: evolution, infectivity, immune escape, and response strategies
Authors: Lu Yishan , Ao Danyi , He Xuemei , Wei Xiawei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe JN.1 variant of COVID‐19 has emerged as the dominant strain worldwide since the end of 2023. As a subclade of the BA.2.86 variant, JN.1 harbors a unique combination of mutations inherited from the BA.2.86 lineage, notably featuring the novel L455S mutation within its receptor‐binding motif. This mutation has been linked to increased transmissibility and enhanced immune evasion capabilities. During the rise of JN.1, evidence of resistance to various monoclonal antibodies and reduced cross‐neutralization effects of the XBB.1.5 vaccine have been observed. Although the public health threat posed by the JN.1 variant appears relatively low, concerns persist regarding its evolutionary trajectory under immune pressure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving JN.1 variant, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and investigation of new variants that could lead to widespread infection. It assesses the efficacy of current vaccines and therapeutics against emerging variants, particularly focusing on immunocompromised populations. Additionally, this review summarizes potential vaccine advancements and clinical treatments for COVID‐19, offering insights to optimize prevention and treatment strategies. This review thoroughly evaluates the JN.1 variant's impact on public health and its implications for future vaccine and therapeutic development, contributing to ongoing efforts to mitigate the risk of virus transmission and disease severity.
Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire: Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek version
Authors: Bilika Paraskevi , Aivatzidis Ioannis , Kaloudis Konstantinos , Gkotzamanis Rafail , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Kapreli Eleni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) was developed to assess general pain sensitivity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the Greek version of PSQ.MethodsThe questionnaire was translated into Greek (PSQ‐GR) and piloted in a small sample of patients with chronic pain (n = 35). A total of 146 chronic pain patients and healthy volunteers completed the PSQ‐GR, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). To evaluate the test‐retest reliability, 36 volunteers completed the PSQ‐GR twice over 7 ± 2 days.ResultsInternal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha 0.90–0.96) for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor, and PSQ‐moderate. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was estimated at 0.90–0.96 for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor and PSQ‐moderate and the SEM was 0.59–0.90 for PSQ‐total, PSQ‐minor and PSQ‐moderate approximately. The smallest detectable change was 0.48 for PSQ‐total, 0.47 for PSQ‐minor and 0.44 for PSQ‐moderate. Positive and significant correlations were observed between PSQ‐GR and HADS (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), PCS (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and CSI (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences in PSQ‐GR scores were identified between the healthy volunteers and the chronic pain patients.ConclusionThe PSQ‐GR is a reliable and valid tool that can assess pain sensitivity in healthy individuals and chronic musculoskeletal pain patients.
Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound valemetostat and platelet dynamics in healthy volunteers and patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Fukae Masato , Baron Kyle , Tachibana Masaya , Mondick John , Shimizu Takako 
Published: July 2024

AbstractValemetostat is an EZH2/1 inhibitor that has been approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, based mainly on results from a single‐arm phase II trial. It is currently under investigation worldwide for the treatment of other non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), including peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, and for solid tumors. Semi‐mechanistic population pharmacokinetic modeling of total and unbound valemetostat and an analysis of the platelet time course during treatment with valemetostat were conducted using data from five clinical trials (two in patients with NHL and three in healthy volunteers). Pharmacokinetic data, including 3162 total/1871 unbound valemetostat observations from 102 patients and 72 healthy volunteers, were described by a three‐compartment model with sequential zero‐/first‐order absorption and saturable binding in the central compartment. Alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) was the most influential covariate for total valemetostat exposure, yet had little impact on unbound exposure, meaning no dose adjustment was warranted based on AAG levels. The longitudinal platelet data from 101 patients (2313 observations) were adequately described by a modified Friberg model with two proliferation compartments, which characterized unique spontaneous recovery of platelet counts without dose modifications. A model‐based simulation quantitatively assessed the proposed dose‐adjustment guidance in case of platelet count decreased by comparing the probability of treatment discontinuation due to platelet count decreased with or without the dose adjustment. In summary, the models described observed total and unbound valemetostat concentrations and a unique time course of platelets during treatment, which can justify the clinical dose and provide dose‐adjustment guidance.