bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high‐fructose corn syrup on the acidogenicity, adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ma R , Sun M , Wang S , Kang Q , Huang L , Li T , Xia W‐W 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a kind of sugar has been widely used in manufactured foods recently, there is little information available regarding its cariogenicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cariogenic potential of HFCS.MethodsStreptococcus mutans UA159 was inoculated into HFCS media and cultivated. The pH of each culture was measured to assess acidogenicity. Spectrophotometric turbidity was measured to determine the percentage of adherence. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and SYTO‐9 staining were employed to observe biofilm formation. Sucrose media was used as a positive control.ResultsThe ΔpH in HFCS media was significantly larger than that in sucrose media and the pH in HFCS media decreased faster (p < 0.05). The percentage of adherence of S. mutans in HFCS media was significantly lower than that in sucrose media (p < 0.05). The biofilm formed in sucrose media was significantly thicker than that in HFCS media (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the cariogenicity of S. mutans in the presence of HFCS may differ compared to its cariogenicity in the presence of sucrose. Further in vivo studies need to be undertaken to resolve this uncertainty.
Neuro‐oncology practices in Australia: A Cooperative Group for Neuro‐Oncology patterns of care study
Authors: Chen James Y , Hovey Elizabeth , Rosenthal Mark , Livingstone Ann , Simes John 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo provide data on the patterns of care in neuro‐oncology practices at Australian cancer centres over the previous 12‐month period.MethodsA 5‐page questionnaire was sent to Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro‐Oncology members at 28 Australia cancer centres. The questions included access to neuro‐oncology services; treatment protocols and patterns of supportive care.ResultsProvision of neuro‐oncology services was consistent in metropolitan cancer centres. Treatment protocols are virtually identical for patients with an initial diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with the main variation being for older or less fit patients. Most patients (70%) received chemotherapy at recurrence, most commonly modified schedule temozolomide, with half of the cancer centers offering bevacizumab. For anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), most clinicians offer radiotherapy alone but 30% would use radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Half of clinicians continued to use prophylactic anticonvulsants; 25% do not prescribe prophylactic antibiotics during chemoradiotherapy and half would continue anti‐coagulation therapy indefinitely for thromboembolism.ConclusionThis is the first Australia‐wide patterns of study of care in the management of gliomas. There is general consensus on the use of radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide and the use of chemotherapy for recurrent GBM. The choice of chemotherapy at recurrence is not standard and the provision of bevacizumab is inconsistent. This survey highlights variation in the treatment of the elderly GBM and patients with AA as well as in areas of supportive care, in particular, the ongoing use of prophylactic anticonvulsants despite guidelines.
Single Oral Flecainide Dose to Unmask Type 1 Brugada Syndrome Electrocardiographic Pattern
Authors: Dubner Sergio , Azocar Damián , Gallino Sebastián , Cerantonio Alfonso Rafael , Muryan Sergio , Medrano Juan , Bruno Carlos 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) includes a group of patients with a typical pattern of ST segment elevation in right precordial leads who are at risk for sudden cardiac death. The electrocardiogram pattern may be intermittent and unmasked by sodium channel blockers. The main objective of this study is to describe a serie of consecutive patients in whom oral administration of flecainide was used to unmask BrS type I electrocardiographic pattern.MethodsWe prospectively studied 14 symptomatic (palpitations/syncope) patients referred to our laboratory presenting a suggestive but not diagnostic Brugada ECG or family history of sudden death. Single oral dose of flecainide 400 mg was administered. Resting 12‐lead ECG with upper and standard right precordial leads were performed after flecainide administration at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and hourly until ECG became normal.ResultsMedian age was 37.5 years (range = 22–50). None of them had structural heart disease. In 7 patients (50%) the typical coved‐type ECG pattern of BrS was unmasked. PR interval, QRS duration and QTc median difference after‐before test was 20 msec (min–max = −17–+57), 21 ms (min–max = 0 to +59) and 20 ms (min–max = −11–+77), respectively. There were no episodes of AV block, atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia.ConclusionsIn our experience we found that oral administration of flecainide in a single dose of 400 mg is useful to unmask type 1 Brugada electrocardiographic pattern.
The association between tricuspid regurgitation velocity and 5‐year survival in a North West London population of patients with sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom
Authors: Zimbarra Cabrita Inês , Mohammed Abubakar , Layton Mark , Ghorashian Sara , Gilmore Annette , Cho Gavin , Howard Jo , Anie Kofi A. , Desforges Lynda , Bassett Paul , Grapsa Julia , Howard Luke , Mahalingam Gaia , Dawson David , Pinto Fausto J. , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Davies Sally C. , Gibbs J. Simon R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryRaised tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) occurs in approximately 30% of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), and has been shown to be an independent risk factor for death. TRV was assessed in 164 SCD patients who were subsequently followed up for survival. Raised pulmonary pressures were defined as a TRV jet ≥2·5 m/s on echocardiography. Elevated TRV was present in 29·1% of patients and it was associated with increased age and left atrial diameter. There were 15 deaths (9·1%) over a median of 68·1 months follow up; seven patients had increased TRV, and eight patients had a TRV<2·5 m/s. Higher TRV values were associated with a greater than 4‐fold increased risk of death (Hazard Ratio: 4·48, 99% confidence interval 1·01‐19·8), although we found a lower overall mortality rate than has been reported in previous studies. TRV was not an independent risk factor for death. We have confirmed the association between raised TRV and mortality in a UK SCD population whose disease severity appears to be less than that reported in previous studies. Further prospective studies are needed to more clearly characterize which patient factors modify survival in SCD patients with raised TRV.
Plant odour plumes as mediators of plant–insect interactions
Authors: Beyaert Ivo , Hilker Monika 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTInsect olfactory orientation along odour plumes has been studied intensively with respect to pheromonal communication, whereas little knowledge is available on how plant odour plumes (POPs) affect olfactory searching by an insect for its host plants. The primary objective of this review is to examine the role of POPs in the attraction of insects. First, we consider parameters of an odour source and the environment which determine the size, shape and structure of an odour plume, and we apply that knowledge to POPs. Second, we compare characteristics of insect pheromonal plumes and POPs. We propose a ‘POP concept’ for the olfactory orientation of insects to plants. We suggest that: (i) an insect recognises a POP by means of plant volatile components that are encountered in concentrations higher than a threshold detection limit and that occur in a qualitative and quantitative blend indicating a resource; (ii) perception of the fine structure of a POP enables an insect to distinguish a POP from an unspecific odorous background and other interfering plumes; and (iii) an insect can follow several POPs to their sources, and may leave the track of one POP and switch to another one if this conveys a signal with higher reliability or indicates a more suitable resource. The POP concept proposed here may be a useful tool for research in olfactory‐mediated plant–insect interactions.
Fractionated radiation‐induced nitric oxide promotes expansion of glioma stem‐like cells
Authors: Kim Rae‐Kwon , Suh Yongjoon , Cui Yan‐Hong , Hwang Eunji , Lim Eun‐Jung , Yoo Ki‐Chun , Lee Ga‐Haeng , Yi Joo‐Mi , Kang Seok‐Gu , Lee Su‐Jae 
Published: May 2013

Glioblastoma remains an incurable brain disease due to the prevalence of its recurrence. Considerable evidence suggests that glioma stem‐like cells are responsible for glioma relapse after treatment, which commonly involves ionizing radiation. Here, we found that fractionated ionizing radiation (2 Gy/day for 3 days) induced glioma stem‐like cell expansion and resistance to anticancer treatment such as cisplatin (50 μM) or taxol (500 nM), or by ionizing radiation (10 Gy) in both glioma cell lines (U87, U373) and patient‐derived glioma cells. Of note, concomitant increase of nitric oxide production occurred with the radiation‐induced increase of the glioma stem‐like cell population through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In line with this observation, downregulation of iNOS effectively reduced the glioma stem‐like cell population and decreased resistance to anticancer treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting iNOS in combination with ionizing radiation might increase the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioma treatment.
The Development of Rehearsal in Verbal Short‐Term Memory
Authors: Jarrold Christopher , Hall Debbora 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVerbal short‐term memory, as indexed by immediate serial recall tasks (in which participants must recall several stimuli in order, immediately after presentation), develops considerably across middle childhood. One explanation for this age‐related change is that children's ability to rehearse verbal material increases during this period, and one particularly influential version of this account is that only older children engage in any form of rehearsal. In this article, we critique evidence that is used to support the claim of age‐related change in rehearsal and also critique the argument that children do not rehearse when engaged in immediate serial recall. This is not to say that rehearsal does not develop with age or that it is not required in any task, but to suggest that it plays little role in the development of verbal short‐term memory performance as traditionally measured.
Drug supply for children with psoriasis in Germany
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Reich Kristian , Glaeske Gerd , Kämpfe Susann , Radtke Marc Alexander , Gerdau‐Heitmann Cornelia , Schicktanz Christel , Schäfer Ines 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundIn Germany there is a lack of robust nationwide data on psoriasis therapy in children.Patients and methodsSecondary data from the statutory health insurance Gmnder Ersatzkasse (GEK) of the year 2009 were analyzed. Continuously insured children with psoriasis vulgaris were identified by ICD‐10 codes (L 40. X). Their treatment was determined on the basis of prescriptions according to ATC code.Results1,313 of 293,181 children and adolescents had psoriasis (0.45%). Of these, n = 651 (49.6%) received at least one medication during the observation period. Topical and systemic corticosteroids were most frequently prescribed (70.8% and 4.0% respectively). The relative frequency of prescription of systemic corticosteroids was higher in children treated by pediatricians and family physicians (by a factor of 3 and 5, respectively) than in those treated by dermatologists. Vitamin D analogs were the second most frequently prescribed drugs, used far more often by dermatologists (14.7%) than by general practitioners (1.7%) and pediatricians (0.9%).ConclusionsDrug supply for children with psoriasis in Germany appears to be inadequate. The consensus guidelines are not sufficiently considered and the use of systemic corticosteroids is still too high, even after adjustment for steroid‐dependent indications. The data underline the necessity of guideline‐oriented therapy and implementation of current therapeutic evidence in juvenile psoriasis.
Assessing short and long‐term educational impact of visits to hospice via a combination of qualitative methods
Authors: Goh E. C. L. , Hsu C. ‐Y. S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWhile qualitative methods have gained considerable recognition in medical education research, employing multiple qualitative data sources in assessing long‐term educational impact is rare. Utilising in‐depth data analysis method to six cross‐sectional cohorts (2004–2009) of students’ reflection papers (n = 213), this article demonstrates how students experienced subtle but important shifts in their attitudes (including personal, professional and spiritual domains) after making field visits to a hospice centre as part of the Special Needs Dentistry module. For retrospective assessment of learning retention, a pilot focus group was conducted with three junior faculty members who participated in the field visits to a hospice during their own undergraduate training. A subsequent focus group was conducted with graduates of the 2008 (n = 8) cohort using a refined discussion guide arising from the analysis of pilot group results. Graduates were unanimous in stating that the visits had sown ‘seeds’ in their minds and hearts, seeds which started to grow after they completed dental school and began to practice. This is demonstrative of the long‐term positive educational impact of the pedagogical design that entailed a special site visit coupled with post‐visit debrief and written reflection.
The Biological Activity of H. Pylori SlyD in Vitro
Authors: Dan Kang , Yuehua Gong , yanmei Zhu , aodi Li , nannan Dong , ying Piao , Yuan Yuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the biological activity of the H. pylori SlyD in vitro.MethodsHelicobacter pylori (H.pylori) slyD prokaryotic expression vector was carried out in Escherichia coli (E.coli), and recombination SlyD (rSlyD) was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, transformation effects of rSlyD on AGS cells was detected by CCK‐8, cell cycle, caspase‐3 activity, matrigel invasion assay, and double‐deck soft agar colony forming efficiency. In addition, the expressions of PCNA, KI‐67, caspase‐3, and MMP‐9 were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence assay, respectively.ResultsThe CCK‐8 assay revealed that cell proliferation was increased in a time and dose‐dependent manner in AGS + rSlyD group compared with that of AGS or AGS + PBS group (p < .05). There are significant difference of PCNA and KI67 expressions among AGS, AGS + PBS, AGS + rSlyD groups (p < .05). Soft agar colony formation assay revealed the colony number (foci>100 μm) in AGS + rSlyD group was 26.3 ± 7.09, whereas 5.6 ± 1.15 in AGS and 5.0 ± 1.0 in AGS + PBS groups, respectively (p < .01). Colorimetric enzyme assay revealed the activity of caspase‐3 was decreased to 31.45 ± 0.49 after treatment with rSlyD, whereas 55.5 ± 0.43 in AGS and 55.1 ± 0.25 in AGS + PBS group, respectively (p < .001). Similar caspase‐3 expression also was confirmed by Western blot. The number of invasive cells in transwell chambers assay is 196.66 ± 40.41 in AGS + rSlyD group higher than 85 ± 22.9 in AGS or 81.66 ± 15.27 in AGS + PBS group, respectively (p < .001). The MMP‐9 expression in AGS + rSlyD group was also higher than that of AGS or AGS + PBS group.ConclusionThese results suggest that the HpSlyD may play an important role in disturbing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and enhancing cell transformation and invasion in the AGS cell line. HpSlyD might contribute to gastric pathogenicity in H.pylori‐associated diseases.
Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch proteins in carcinogenesis of the lower lip
Authors: Sarmento Dmitry José de Santana , de Almeida Wagner Leite , Miguel Márcia Cristina da Costa , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes , Godoy Gustavo Pina , da Cruz Maria Carmen Fontoura Nogueira , da Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas 
Published: May 2013

AimThis study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic cheilitis (AC), to contribute to the understanding of the development of lower lip cancer.Methods and resultsForty cases of lower lip AC and SCC were studied. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken by counting 1000 cells (positive and negative) in each lesion. Statistical evaluation included Student's t‐test and one‐way anova. For SCC and AC, the mean number of hMLH1‐ and hMSH2‐positive cells decreased with advanced stage of the lesion. The largest mean number of immunostained cells was observed in AC cases without dysplasia or with mild dysplasia (hMLH1: 721.23 ± 88.116; hMHS2: 781.50 ± 156.93). Intermediate values were obtained for AC with moderate or severe dysplasia (hMLH1: 532.86 ± 197.72; hMHS2: 611.14 ± 172.48). Lower lip SSCs presented the smallest number of positive cells (hMLH1: 255.03 ± 199.47; hMHS2: 518.38 ± 265.68). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that changes in the immunoexpression of these mismatch proteins are related to the process of carcinogenesis of the lower lip.
Tweets and Trades: the Information Content of Stock Microblogs
Authors: Sprenger Timm O. , Tumasjan Andranik , Sandner Philipp G. , Welpe Isabell M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMicroblogging forums (e.g., Twitter) have become a vibrant online platform for exchanging stock‐related information. Using methods from computational linguistics, we analyse roughly 250,000 stock‐related messages (so‐called tweets) on a daily basis. We find an association between tweet sentiment and stock returns, message volume and trading volume, as well as disagreement and volatility. In contrast to previous related research, we also analyse the mechanism leading to an efficient aggregation of information in microblogging forums. Our results demonstrate that users providing above average investment advice are retweeted (i.e., quoted) more often and have more followers, which amplifies their share of voice.
IRC and CRM: Modelling Framework for the ‘Basel 2.5’ Risk Measures
Authors: Wilkens Sascha , Brunac Jean‐Baptiste , Chorniy Vladimir 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a modelling framework for the Incremental Risk Charge (IRC) and Comprehensive Risk Measure (CRM) as the new capital requirements for market risks in a bank's trading book (‘Basel 2.5’). Both are Value‐at‐Risk‐type measures projecting losses over a one‐year capital horizon at a 99.9% confidence level and are applicable to credit flow and credit correlation instruments, respectively. With no consensus on industry standards for suitable internal models as yet, the article discusses selected risk factor models to derive simulation‐based loss distributions and the associated risk figures. Example calculations and implementation aspects complement the discussion.
Bank Regulations after the Global Financial Crisis: Good Intentions and Unintended Evil
Authors: Dermine Jean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this essay, we analyse the impact of the capital and liquidity regulations and call attention to the fact that the banks' responses might create unintended evil: a reduced supply of bank loans, incentives to securitise assets, and adverse incentives on bank risk monitoring. The conclusion is that privately‐based mechanisms that put most creditors at risk are the best way to increase the soundness of banking markets. It is argued that interbank debt should be put at risk because banks have a comparative advantage in risk monitoring. As putting short‐term interbank at risk increases the danger of sudden deposit withdrawals, a mechanism is needed to extend the maturity of short‐term debt at the time of a credit‐led panic.
Weaving dreamcatchers: mothering among American Indian women who were teen mothers
Authors: Palacios Janelle F. , Strickland Carolyn J. , Chesla Catherine A. , Kennedy Holly P. , Portillo Carmen J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the mothering experience and practice among reservation‐based adult American Indian women who had been adolescent mothers.BackgroundAdolescent American Indian women are at an elevated risk for teen pregnancy and poor maternal/child outcomes. Identifying mothering practices among this population may help guide intervention development that will improve health outcomes.DesignA collaborative orientation to community‐based participatory research approach.MethodsEmploying interpretive phenomenology, 30 adult American Indian women who resided on a Northwestern reservation were recruited. In‐depth, face‐to‐face and telephone interviews were conducted between 2007–2008.FindingsWomen shared their mothering experience and practice, which encompassed a lifespan perspective grounded in their American Indian cultural tradition. Four themes were identified as follows: mother hen, interrupted mothering and second chances, breaking cycles and mothering a community. Mothering originated in childhood, extended across their lifespan and moved beyond mothering their biological offspring.ConclusionThese findings challenge the Western construct of mothering and charge nurses to seek culturally sensitive interventions that reinforce positive mothering practices and identify when additional mothering support is needed across a woman's lifespan.
Cognitive load causes people to react ineffectively to others' norm transgressions
Authors: Fonseca Anabel , Brauer Markus , Moisuc Alexandrina , Nugier Armelle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe examined whether cognitive resources are necessary to react effectively to norm transgressions of others. In Study 1, we showed that a polite verbal expression of disapproval was the most effective form of social control because perpetrators were least likely to engage in the same norm transgression again in the future. In Study 2, we manipulated cognitive load and asked participants how they would react when witnessing different uncivil behaviors. Compared to participants in the cognitive load condition, participants in the control condition were more likely to use effective forms of social control and less likely to use ineffective forms of social control. The findings are integrated with recent theorizing about normative pressures and people's reactions to deviance.
Origins of species richness in the Indo‐Malay‐Philippine biodiversity hotspot: evidence for the centre of overlap hypothesis
Authors: Gaither Michelle R. , Rocha Luiz A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Indo‐Malay‐Philippine (IMP) biodiversity hotspot, bounded by the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula and New Guinea, is the epicentre of marine biodiversity. Hypotheses to explain the source of the incredible number of species found there include the centre of overlap hypothesis, which proposes that in this region the distinct faunas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans overlap. Here we review the biogeographical evidence in support of this hypothesis. We examined tropical reef fish distributions, paying particular attention to sister species pairs that overlap in the IMP hotspot. We also review phylogeographical studies of wide‐ranging species for evidence of lineage divergence and overlap in the IMP region. Our synthesis shows that a pattern of isolation between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean faunas is evident across a wide range of taxa. The occurrence of sister species, with one member in each ocean, indicates that the mechanism(s) of isolation has been in effect since at least the Miocene, while phylogeographical studies indicate more recent divergences in the Pleistocene. Divergence in isolation followed by population expansion has led to an overlap of closely related taxa or genetic lineages in the hotspot, contributing to diversity and species richness in the region. These findings are consistent with the centre of overlap hypothesis and highlight the importance of this process in generating biodiversity within the IMP.