bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of natural and synthetic phospholipids as pharmaceutical excipients
Authors: van Hoogevest Peter , Wendel Armin 
Published: August 2014

In pharmaceutical formulations, phospholipids obtained from plant or animal sources and synthetic phospholipids are used. Natural phospholipids are purified from, e.g., soybeans or egg yolk using non‐toxic solvent extraction and chromatographic procedures with low consumption of energy and minimum possible waste. Because of the use of validated purification procedures and sourcing of raw materials with consistent quality, the resulting products differing in phosphatidylcholine content possess an excellent batch to batch reproducibility with respect to phospholipid and fatty acid composition. The natural phospholipids are described in pharmacopeias and relevant regulatory guidance documentation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Synthetic phospholipids with specific polar head group, fatty acid composition can be manufactured using various synthesis routes. Synthetic phospholipids with the natural stereochemical configuration are preferably synthesized from glycerophosphocholine (GPC), which is obtained from natural phospholipids, using acylation and enzyme catalyzed reactions. Synthetic phospholipids play compared to natural phospholipid (including hydrogenated phospholipids), as derived from the number of drug products containing synthetic phospholipids, a minor role. Only in a few pharmaceutical products synthetic phospholipids are used. Natural phospholipids are used in oral, dermal, and parenteral products including liposomes. Natural phospholipids instead of synthetic phospholipids should be selected as phospholipid excipients for formulation development, whenever possible, because natural phospholipids are derived from renewable sources and produced with more ecologically friendly processes and are available in larger scale at relatively low costs compared to synthetic phospholipids.Practical applications: For selection of phospholipid excipients for pharmaceutical formulations, natural phospholipids are preferred compared to synthetic phospholipids because they are available at large scale with reproducible quality at lower costs of goods. They are well accepted by regulatory authorities and are produced using less chemicals and solvents at higher yields. In order to avoid scale up problems during pharmaceutical development and production, natural phospholipid excipients instead of synthetic phospholipids should be selected whenever possible.For selection of phospholipid excipients for pharmaceutical formulations, natural phospholipids are preferred compared to synthetic phospholipids because they are available at large scale with reproducible quality at lower costs of goods. They are well accepted by regulatory authorities and are produced using less chemicals and solvents at higher yields. In order to avoid scale up problems during pharmaceutical development and production, natural phospholipid excipients instead of synthetic phospholipids should be selected whenever possible.
Synthesis of the Revised Structure of Acortatarin A
Authors: Geng Hui Min , Stubbing Louise A. , Li‐yang Chen Jack , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel Maillard‐type condensation between a primary amine derived from D‐mannitol and a dihydropyranone, was used as a key step to access the unusual morpholine‐spiroketal acortatarin A. The synthetic approach also enabled access to a C‐2 analogue of acortatarin A, and can be used for the synthesis of related 2‐formylpyrrole natural products.
Evolving Connectionist Model to Monitor the Efficiency of an In Situ Combustion Process: Application to Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Ali , Masoumi Mohammad , Askarinezhad Reza 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA primary difference between conventional oil and unconventional heavy oil reservoirs is the added economic value to recovery from heavy oil reserves due to the sweep efficiency. To determine the added value, one needs to obtain the recovery factor of in situ combustion; however, this requires special experimental and laboratory combustion study and field tests. In the absence of experimental studies during the early period of field exploration, techniques that correlate such a parameter are of interest for engineers. In this work, a new method called “least‐squares support vector machine” was developed to monitor the recovery factor of the in situ combustion employment through heavy oil reservoirs. The proposed approach is applied to the experimental data from extensive works reported in the literature and the model has been implemented, developed, and tested. The predicted results from the least‐squares support vector machine model were compared to the addressed real in situ combustion data. A comparison between the generated outcomes of our model and the alternatives proves that the least‐squares support vector machine model estimates the efficiency of the in situ combustion with high degree of accuracy. The least‐squares support vector machine does not contain any conceptual errors such as over‐fitting, which can be an issue for artificial neural networks. The outcomes of this research could be coupled with commercial production software for heavy oil reservoirs to enhance production optimization and facilitate design.
Experimental study on CO2 absorption by aqueous ammonia solution at elevated pressure to enhance CO2 absorption and suppress ammonia vaporization
Authors: Fang Mengxiang , Xiang Qunyang , Yu Chunjiang , Xia Zhixiang , Zhou Xuping , Cai Danyun , Wang Zhen , Yu Hai 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe low CO2 absorption rate and high ammonia volatile loss rate are two major issues for the ammonia‐based CO2 capture technology. In this work, we investigated the effect of total pressure on CO2 absorption and ammonia vaporization in ammonia solutions on a wetted‑wall column. We found that the elevated pressure absorption process was an effective way to increase CO2 absorption rate and suppress ammonia vaporization at the same time. We also studied the mass transfer mechanism at elevated pressure and found the overall mass transfer coefficients of CO2 absorption in both ammonia and MEA solutions at elevated pressures were lower than that under atmospheric pressure. The overall mass transfer coefficients of CO2 absorption in 3 M NH3 (298 K) at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 bar were 0.723 × 10−6, 0.652 × 10−6, 0.591 × 10−6, 0.555 × 10−6 mol/(s m2 Pa) and the corresponding gas side mass transfer coefficients were 13.8 × 10−6, 4.52 × 10−6, 2.61 × 10−6, 2.03 × 10−6 mol/(s m2 Pa), respectively. We also found the gas side mass transfer coefficient in the wetted‐wall column was not only dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions of the column but also influenced by the total pressure. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Neocortical catastrophic interference in healthy and amnesic adults: A paradoxical matter of time
Authors: Merhav Maayan , Karni Avi , Gilboa Asaf 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe human cortex can accommodate overlapping semantic information, such as synonyms, homonyms, or overlapping concepts. However, neuronal models of cortical networks predict Catastrophic Interference in conditions of overlapping information, obliterating old associations and sometimes preventing formation of new ones. It has been proposed that Catastrophic Interference in declarative memory is never observed in biological systems because of hippocampal pattern separation of competing associations. Here, we tested neocortical Catastrophic Interference during acquisition of overlapping associations through Fast Mapping; an incidental, exclusion based learning mechanism, that can support hippocampal‐independent learning. Young adults acquired picture‐label associations, either through explicit encoding or through Fast Mapping and were tested after 24 h. Overlapping/competing associations were presented either minutes (Early), or 22 h (Delayed) after learning. Catastrophic Interference was evident only following Fast Mapping, and only in the Delayed competition. In a follow‐up experiment, Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) amnesic patients demonstrated retroactive Catastrophic Interference after the Early competition, despite normal memory for noninterfered Fast Mapping associations. Thus, following Fast Mapping, a biological system demonstrated susceptibility to Catastrophic Interference, as predicted by the neuronal‐model. Early retroactive Interference, however, can be prevented by MTL integrity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Context for Cross‐Border Insolvency Law Reform in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Masoud Benhajj Shaaban 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCross‐border insolvency literature has developed significantly in recent years. However, the scholarship that has evolved lacks an insight from the perspective of Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Existing theories on cross‐border insolvencies, and the global insolvency benchmarks that emerged in the recent years, have almost exclusively been developed from the best practices obtained in advanced economies. Accordingly, the context within which SSA cross‐border insolvency reform may be undertaken must be determined and explored given the pressure towards globalisation and the potential for the pressure to result in unsuitable legislative reform. This article sets out the context for cross‐border insolvency law reform in SSA. It raises issues that are likely to arise during the reform process and challenges that may be faced. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
AN INITIAL EXAMINATION OF THE ASSOCIATION OF REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING TO PARENTING OF FATHERS
Authors: Stover Carla Smith , Kiselica Andrew 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTParental reflective functioning (RF) is a parent's capacity to understand and take into account the mental states of their children. Research on RF is somewhat scarce and has focused primarily on mothers. Mothers high in RF have improved parent–child relationships in terms of attachment, sensitivity, and more balanced mental representations of their children, in addition to displaying more caregiving behaviors than do those low in this characteristic. Moreover, better maternal RF appears to be a key to the parenting success of substance‐abusing mothers and predicts changes in the caregiving behaviors of these mothers following attachment‐based interventions. Research on RF in fathers, on the other hand, has been limited to a few studies. This research has suggested that about half of new fathers have deficits in RF, but did not assess predictors of RF or measure RF in relation to parenting. The present study sought to present an initial exploration of the association of RF to the parenting of fathers in a sample of 79 fathers, approximately half with substance‐abuse and violence problems and half without. Fathers were administered the Parent Developmental Interview‐Revised (A. Slade, J.L. Aber, I. Bresgi, B. Berger, & M. Kaplan, ) and self‐report measures of parenting. Results suggested that less education and increased drug use are associated with lower RF. RF was not predictive of self‐reported parenting behaviors in this sample. Although RF may vary with substance‐abuse level and socioeconomic status among men and women, these results indicate that RF may be less associated with parenting behaviors of fathers. However, further research in this area is needed.
FATHER PARTICIPATION IN A COMMUNITY‐DOULA HOME‐VISITING INTERVENTION WITH YOUNG, AFRICAN AMERICAN MOTHERS
Authors: Thullen Matthew J. , McMillin Stephen Edward , Korfmacher Jon , Humphries Marisha L. , Bellamy Jennifer , Henson Linda , Hans Sydney 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines the extent and nature of father participation in a perinatal, community‐based doula home‐visiting intervention that served young, African American mothers from low‐income backgrounds and their infants. Home‐visitor service records were used to assess the quantity, setting, and content of father‐attended visits. Correlates of fathers’ participation and thematic insights from mothers’ and home‐visitors’ perspectives on how fathers perceived and interacted with the home‐visiting program were analyzed to further characterize the nature of father participation. Although the community‐doula home‐visiting model does not include special outreach to increase father participation, almost half of the mothers had a doula visit at which their baby's father was present, many of which took place in medical settings. Mothers and doulas reported that fathers were generally positive about the doula, but expressed that fathers viewed the doula as a substitute provider of support that fathers seemed reticent to provide themselves. These results suggest that community doulas who visit pre‐ and postpartum in multiple settings have unique opportunities to have contact with fathers that traditional home visitors or early childhood specialists may not have.
MATERNAL DEPRESSION IN ASSOCIATION WITH FATHERS’ INVOLVEMENT WITH THEIR INFANTS: SPILLOVER OR COMPENSATION/BUFFERING?
Authors: Goodman Sherryl H. , Lusby Cara M. , Thompson Katina , Newport D. Jeffrey , Stowe Zachary N. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBoth concurrent and prospective associations between maternal depression and father involvement were tested to evaluate support for the spillover model (higher depressive symptom levels associated with lower father involvement) and the compensatory/buffering model (higher depressive symptom levels associated with higher father involvement). Participants in this longitudinal study were women at risk for perinatal depression in association with their histories of mood or anxiety disorders, their husbands/partners, and their infants at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured with depression rating scales at multiple times over the infants’ first year. Paternal involvement was measured with a questionnaire (relative perceived responsibility) and a time diary (accessibility and engagement) inquiring about a recent weekday and a recent weekend, completed in a telephone interview, at infant ages 3, 6, and 12 months. Findings consistently supported the compensatory/buffering model for depression in the first 6 months’ postpartum, along with an indication of spillover regarding maternal depressive symptoms that persist into the second half of the infants’ first year. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice and policy as well as suggestions for future research.
MAKING CHILDREN LAUGH: PARENT–CHILD DYADIC SYNCHRONY AND PRESCHOOL ATTACHMENT
Authors: Bureau Jean‐FrançOis , Yurkowski Kim , Schmiedel Sabrina , Martin Jodi , Moss Ellen , Pallanca Dominique 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe current study examined whether dyadic synchrony of father–child and mother–child interactions in a playful context were associated with attachment organization in preschool children. One hundred seven children (48 boys, Mage = 46.67 months, SD = 8.57) and their mothers and fathers (counterbalanced order of lab visits) participated in a playful interaction without toys (Laughing Task procedure). Playful interactions were coded based on the degree to which the dyads demonstrated a variety of behavior representing dyadic synchrony and task management. Children's attachment behavior toward fathers and mothers was observed in a modified separation–reunion procedure adapted for the preschool period. Results demonstrate that mothers and fathers are similar in their effort to arouse and engage their child in a playful context, but mothers achieved a greater synchrony with their child. Disorganized attachment to either mother or father is linked with a lack of synchrony in dyadic interaction. Findings are in contrast with prevailing theory, suggesting that despite gender‐related differences in parental playful behaviors, dyadic synchrony is equally important in both mother– and father–child relationships for the development of organized social and affectional bonds.
Genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease
Authors: Gusella James F. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that directly affects more than 1 in 10,000 persons in Western societies but, as a family disorder with a long, costly, debilitating course, it has an indirect impact on a far greater proportion of the population. Although some palliative treatments are used, no effective treatment exists for preventing clinical onset of the disorder or for delaying its inevitable progression toward premature death, approximately 15 years after diagnosis. Huntington's disease involves a movement disorder characterized by chorea, as well as a variety of psychiatric disturbances and intellectual decline, with a gradual loss of independence. A dire need exists for effective HD therapies to alleviate the suffering and costs to the individual, family, and health care system. In past decades, genetics, the study of DNA sequence variation and its consequences, provided the tools to map the HD gene to chromosome 4 and ultimately to identify its mutation as an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the coding sequence of a large protein, dubbed huntingtin. Now, advances in genetic technology offer an unbiased route to the identification of genetic factors that are disease‐modifying agents in human patients. Such genetic modifiers are expected to highlight processes capable of altering the course of HD and therefore to provide new, human‐validated targets for traditional drug development, with the goal of developing rational treatments to delay or prevent onset of HD clinical signs. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sustainable control room technology for international mining companies boosts efficiency and provides a decision making tool for management and workforce
Authors: Kipp Ramon , Junker Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article presents current and future developments in German mine control room technology and discusses the needs of the international market. It focuses on data collection in the production areas, information treatment and visualisation and the creation of a decision making basis for employees and management. At a time when operating costs and performance levels are coming under increasing pressure it is crucially important to achieve a sustained improvement in occupational safety, transparency and efficiency and to have in place a uniform reporting system for the different organisational levels. The development of an integrated software system that uses modern software architectures, but at the same time can be installed on a modular basis, is the key to achieving these objectives. Today's control room technology must also include user‐friendly applications that are easy to understand and provide support for the workforce above and below ground. These individual objectives are not mutually inconsistent but in fact complement and build on each other.
Market report on Kazakhstan
Authors: von Hartlieb‐Wallthor Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKazakhstan is a resource‐rich country. The importance of the mining sector for Kazakhstan's economy is correspondingly high. The present report gives an overview of Kazakhstan's raw material industry and the key companies in this sector.Marktbericht KasachstanKasachstan ist ein rohstoffreiches Land. Entsprechend hoch ist die Bedeutung des Bergbausektors für die kasachische Wirtschaft. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die kasachische Rohstoffindustrie und die wichtigsten Unternehmen in diesem Bereich.
Semi‐mobile dry‐type deduster for the Polish salt mine
Authors: Bialy Beniamin , Both Corinna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe efforts made to improve safety underground in mines for people and machines become ever more important. Concerns about Health and Safety require efficient solutions, which help to raise safety underground, safety at work and help to provide a significant contribution to avoiding subsequent costs.The mining company KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. operates the Polkowice Sierozowice mine near Lubin, in Poland, where, among other things, rock salt is mined. The salt mining is done with the 'pillar and room' system by continuous mining. That is why dust removal from the tunnel and keeping the air clean is extremely important for health and safety at work and for productivity. This paper describes the design and commissioning of a semi‐mobile dry‐type deduster for a heading, which CFT GmbH, in Gladbeck, Germany, delivered in May 2013.Semimobile Entstaubungstechnik für den polnischen SalzbergbauDas Streben nach Sicherheit unter Tage für Mensch und Maschine gewinnt im Bergbau immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Belange des Arbeits‐ und Gesundheitsschutzes erfordern effiziente Lösungen, die zur Erhöhung der untertägigen Arbeitssicherheit beitragen und einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Folgekosten leisten.Die Bergbaugesellschaft KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. betreibt in der Nähe von Lubin, Polen das Bergwerk Polkowice Sieroszowice, wo unter anderem Steinsalz abgebaut wird. Die Salzgewinnung erfolgt im Kammerbaumithilfe von Continuous Minern. Daher haben die Entstaubung der Vortriebe und die Reinhaltung der Luft eine zentrale Bedeutung sowohl für den Arbeitsschutz als auch für die Produktivität. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeptionierung und Inbetriebnahme einer semimobilen Trockenentstaubungsanlage für eine Vortriebseinrichtung, welche die CFT GmbH, Gladbeck, Deutschland, im Mai 2013 geliefert hat.
Failure analysis of welded chain links used in the mining industry and resulting approaches to adjusting the manufacturing process to extend their life
Authors: Langefeld Oliver , Wesling Volker , Schram Antonie , Grass Friederike , Treutler Kai 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe following text explains how mechanical/technological inspections of broken and unbroken mining industry chain links can be used to adapt the manufacturing process to extend these components' life with the end result that these components can be considered extremely reliable.
A multiple regression model of normal central and peripheral motor conduction times
Authors: Jaiser Stephan R. , Barnes Jonathan D. , Baker Stuart N. , Baker Mark R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe effects of age, height, and gender on magnetic central and peripheral motor conduction times (CMCT, PMCT) were analyzed using a multiple regression model.MethodsMotor evoked potentials were recorded in 91 healthy volunteers. Magnetic stimulation was performed over the primary motor cortex (cortical latency) and over the cervical and lumbar spines (spinal latency). The spinal latency was taken as an estimate of PMCT and was subtracted from cortical latency to yield CMCT.ResultsLower limb CMCT correlated significantly with height only; there were no significant predictors for upper limb CMCT. Upper and lower limb PMCT correlated with both age and height.ConclusionsThis is among the largest studies of CMCT in normal subjects. The multiple regression model unifies previously reported simple regression analyses, reconciles past discrepancies, and allows normal ranges to be individualized. Muscle Nerve 51:706–712, 2015