bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Nonobstructive and Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography to Identify Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Hulten Edward , Ghoshhajra Brian , O’Leary Daniel , Christman Mitalee P. , Montana Philip , Truong Quynh A. , Steigner Michael , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Rybicki Frank J. , Nasir Khurram , Gowdak Luis Henrique W. , Hainer Jon , Brady Thomas J. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Hoffmann Udo , Abbara Suhny , Blankstein Ron 
Published: February 2014

Background—
The contribution of plaque extent to predict cardiovascular events among patients with nonobstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well defined. Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of plaque extent detected by coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods and Results—
All consecutive patients without prior CAD referred for coronary computed tomography angiography to evaluate for CAD were included. Examination findings were classified as normal, nonobstructive (<50% stenosis), or obstructive (≥50%). Based on the number of segments with disease, extent of CAD was classified as nonextensive (≤4 segments) or extensive (>4 segments). The cohort included 3242 patients followed for the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction for a median of 3.6 (2.1–5.0) years. In a multivariable analysis, the presence of extensive nonobstructive CAD (hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–6.4), nonextensive obstructive (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–6.9), and extensive obstructive CAD (hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–7.2) were associated with an increased rate of events, whereas nonextensive, nonobstructive CAD was not. The addition of plaque extent to a model that included clinical probability as well as the presence and severity of CAD improved risk prediction.

Conclusions—
Among patients with nonobstructive CAD, those with extensive plaque experienced a higher rate of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction, comparable with those who have nonextensive disease. Even among patients with obstructive CAD, greater extent of nonobstructive plaque was associated with higher event rate. Our findings suggest that regardless of whether obstructive or nonobstructive disease is present, the extent of plaque detected by coronary computed tomography angiography enhances risk assessment.
Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities Predict Progression of Brain Microvascular Disease
Authors: Hanff Thomas C. , Sharrett A. Richey , Mosley Thomas H. , Shibata Dean , Knopman David S. , Klein Ronald , Klein Barbara E.K. , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
Brain microvascular disease leads to leukoaraiosis and lacunar infarcts and contributes to risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Given a shared pathophysiology, retinal microvascular signs are expected to predict brain microvascular disease progression. We investigated if either leukoaraiosis volume progression measured continuously or combined with incident lacunar infarcts would better demonstrate expected associations with retinal disease than has previously been shown.

Methods—
Eight hundred thirty participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study aged ≥55 years and without previous stroke received an initial brain magnetic resonance imaging, retinal photography, and, 10 years later, a follow up magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated retinal vascular sign phenotypes as predictors of (1) leukoaraiosis volume increase, and (2) a new score combining leukoaraiosis volume change and incident lacunar infarcts. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were evaluated as confounders and effect modifiers.

Results—

Individuals with any retinopathy (3.34 cm
3
; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–5.96) or with arteriovenous nicking (2.61 cm
3
; 95% CI, 0.80–4.42) each had greater progression of leukoaraiosis compared with those without these conditions. Any retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 3.18; 95% CI, 1.71–5.89) or its components—microaneurysms (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.33–7.07) and retinal hemorrhage (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.27–7.20)—as well as arteriovenous nicking (OR, 1.93; 95%, CI 1.24–3.02) and focal arteriolar narrowing (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19–2.59), were associated with a higher quartile of a novel brain microvascular disease score combining leukoaraiosis progression with incident subclinical lacunes.

Conclusions—
A novel scoring method revealed associations of retinal signs with leukoaraiosis progression and brain microvascular disease, which have not been shown before.
“We have Sinned and Rebelled; You have Not Forgiven”
Authors: Bier Miriam J. 
Published: February 2014

Conventional readings of Lamentations invariably appeal to the “central” chapter 3 and its male character, the רבג, as pivotal for the meaning and purpose of Lamentations. Such readings emphasize the sin of humanity and the justice of God and can be broadly described as theodic in character. A number of more recent readings that can be aptly described as antitheodic, however, react against this centralizing tendency, emphasizing instead the protesting voice of Zion in chapters 1 and 2. Neither the רבג nor Zion’s discourses, however, is as homogeneously theodic or antitheodic as these readings and counter-readings would suggest. Rather, both speakers present elements of penitence and submission to suffering (theodicy), on the one hand, and protest and accusation of God (antitheodicy), on the other. In light of the pervasive influence of the “central” chapter 3 in readings of Lamentations, I focus this paper on the רבג’s discourse. I read Lamentations 3 as the רבג’s internal dialogue as he expresses various understandings of the extreme suffering in which he finds himself. I use Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the dialogic interaction between authoritative and internally persuasive discourses as a framework for illustrating the various moods through which the רבג moves. While the רבג appeals to authoritative discourses, I conclude that he does not, finally, find the “central” faithful statements, so often appealed to as determinative for meaning, to be internally persuasive.
The Implementation of the Directive on the Application of Patients’ Rights in Cross-border Healthcare in the Netherlands
Authors: Bongers L.M.H. , Townend * D.M.R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the significance of the Directive 2011/24/eu on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare for the protection of individual patients’ rights in the Netherlands by describing how its provisions are implemented in Dutch health law. The responsible Dutch authorities take the view that most of the Directive’s provisions and requirements are covered in existing Dutch law. Implementation of the Directive would only require adaptations to national legislation with regard to the establishment of a national contact point for cross-border healthcare and the recognition of medical prescriptions issued in another Member State. This article looks into the question of how far the Dutch law meets the requirements of the Directive in relation to the individual patients’ rights addressed in this special issue of the European Journal of Health Law.
Stages and Levels of Automation in Support of Space Teleoperations
Authors: Li Huiyang , Wickens Christopher D. , Sarter Nadine , Sebok Angelia 
Published: February 2014

Objective: This study examined the impact of stage of automation on the performance and perceived workload during simulated robotic arm control tasks in routine and off-nominal scenarios. Background: Automation varies with respect to the stage of information processing it supports and its assigned level of automation. Making appropriate choices in terms of stages and levels of automation is critical to ensure robust joint system performance. To date, this issue has been empirically studied in domains such as aviation and medicine but not extensively in the context of space operations. Method: A total of 36 participants played the role of a payload specialist and controlled a simulated robotic arm. Participants performed fly-to tasks with two types of automation (camera recommendation and trajectory control automation) of varying stage. Tasks were performed during routine scenarios and in scenarios in which either the trajectory control automation or a hazard avoidance automation failed. Results: Increasing the stage of automation progressively improved performance and lowered workload when the automation was reliable, but incurred severe performance costs when the system failed. Conclusion: The results from this study support concerns about automation-induced complacency and automation bias when later stages of automation are introduced. The benefits of such automation are offset by the risk of catastrophic outcomes when system failures go unnoticed or become difficult to recover from. Application: A medium stage of automation seems preferable as it provides sufficient support during routine operations and helps avoid potentially catastrophic outcomes in circumstances when the automation fails.
Single incision thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Baram Aram 
Published: February 2014

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond physiological needs. It is a common disease (incidence 2.8%) that causes intense discomfort for patients. In the last decade, advantages of Single-Incision Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy have become clear, particularly in decreasing morbidity of sympathectomy. Patients and methods: From January 2010 to December 2012, 39 patients (29 females and 10 males) with primary palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis were treated by thoracoscopic sympathectomy. The age ranged from 18 to 40 years with a mean of 26.28 years. We used single incision thoracoscopic electrocoagulation through 10 mm incision for thoracic sympathetic chain (T2–T4). Results: The mean follow-up was 23.6 ± 14.2 months (range = 4–24 months). A total of 97.42% of patients were satisfied with the results. A total of 72.5% of patients had cure, one patient (2.5%) and another patient (2.5%) presented with recurrent axillary hyperhidrosis. The morbidity was 10.2% with no mortality. Percentage of compensatory sweating and gustatory sweating were 5.1% ( p = .353) and 2.5% ( p = .552), respectively. The result of sympathectomy in patients with both palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis was significantly better (17, 43.58%) compared to palmar type (14, 35.89%) or axillary type (7, 17.94%). Conclusion: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a simple, safe, and cost-effective therapy with good results and low complications.
Half-discrete Hilbert-type inequalities involving differential operators
Authors: Adiyasuren Vandanjav , Batbold Tserendorj , Krnić Mario 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Motivated by some recent results, in this paper we derive several half-discrete Hilbert-type inequalities with a homogeneous kernel involving some differential operators. The main results are proved for the case of non-conjugate parameters. After reduction to the conjugate case, we show that the constants appearing on the right-hand sides of these inequalities are the best possible.

MSC:26D10, 26D15, 33B15.
Patterns of local-regional failure after primary intensity modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kong Fangfang , Ying Hongmei , Du Chengrun , Huang Shuang , Zhou Junjun , Chen Junchao , Sun Lining , Chen Xiaohui , Hu Chaosu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
To analyze patterns of local-regional failure after primary intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
A total of 370 non-metastatic NPC patients consecutively treated with IMRT (with or without chemotherapy) were analyzed. Radiotherapy was administered using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique at the total prescribed dose of 66-70.4Gy (2.0-2.2Gy per fraction). The location and extent of local-regional failures were transferred to the pretreatment planning computed tomography (CT) for dosimetric analysis. The dose of radiation received by Vrecur (volume of recurrence) was calculated and analyzed with dose-volume histogram (DVH). Failures were classified as: "in field" if 95% of Vrecur was within the 95% isodose, "marginal" if 20% to 95% of Vrecur was within the 95% isodose, or "outside" if less than 20% of Vrecur was inside the 95% isodose.

Results
With a median follow up of 26 months, 25 local-regional failures were found in 18 patients. The 1- and 2-year actuarial local-regional control rates for all patients were 99.7% and 95.5% respectively. Among the 22 local–regional failures with available diagnostic images, 16 (64%) occurred within the 95% isodose lines and were considered in-field failures; 3 (12%) were marginal and 3 (12%) were outside-field failures.

Conclusions
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy provides excellent local-regional control for NPC. In-field failures are the main patterns for local-regional recurrence. Reducing the coverage of critical adjacent tissues in CTV purposefully for potential subclinical diseases was worth of study. Great attention in all IMRT steps is necessary to reduce potential causes of marginal failures. More studies about radioresistance are needed to reduce in-field failures.
Prognostic Impact of Minimal Pleural Effusion in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ryu Jeong-Seon , Ryu Hyo Jin , Lee Si-Nae , Memon Azra , Lee Seul-Ki , Nam Hae-Seong , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Kyung-Hee , Cho Jae-Hwa , Hwang Seung-Sik 
Published: February 2014

Purpose Minimal (< 10 mm thick) pleural effusion (PE) may represent an early phase of malignant PE, but its clinical relevance has rarely been studied. Therefore, we examined the proportion of minimal PE in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on survival. We also considered possible accumulation mechanisms in our data set. Patients and Methods On the basis of PE status from chest computed tomography scans at diagnosis, 2,061 patients were classified into three groups: no PE, minimal PE, and malignant PE. Twenty-one variables associated with four factors—patient, stage migration, tumor, and treatment—were investigated for correlation with survival. Results Minimal PE presented in 272 patients (13.2%). Of 2,061 patients, the proportion of each stage was the following: 5.2% stage I, 10.9% stage II, 13.2% stage IIIA, 23.8% stage IIIB, and 13.9% stage IV. Minimal PE correlated significantly with shorter survival time than did no PE (median survival time, 7.7 v 17.7 months; log-rank P < .001), even after full adjustment with all variables (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.62). Prognostic impact of minimal PE was higher in early versus advanced stages (Pinteraction = .001). In 237 patients (87.8%) with minimal PE, pleural invasion or attachment as a direct mechanism was observed, and it was an independent factor predicting worse survival (P = .03). Conclusion Minimal PE is a commonly encountered clinical concern in staging NSCLCs. Its presence is an important prognostic factor of worse survival, especially in early-stage disease.
Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity and Leukoencephalopathy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bhojwani Deepa , Sabin Noah D. , Pei Deqing , Yang Jun J. , Khan Raja B. , Panetta John C. , Krull Kevin R. , Inaba Hiroto , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Metzger Monika L. , Howard Scott C. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Cheng Cheng , Reddick Wilburn E. , Jeha Sima , Sandlund John T. , Evans William E. , Pui Ching-Hon , Relling Mary V. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose Methotrexate (MTX) can cause significant clinical neurotoxicity and asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy. We sought to identify clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors for these MTX-related toxicities during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy and provide data on safety of intrathecal and high-dose MTX rechallenge in patients with neurotoxicity. Patients and Methods Prospective brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at four time points for 369 children with ALL treated in a contemporary study that included five courses of high-dose MTX and 13 to 25 doses of triple intrathecal therapy. Logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate clinical and pharmacokinetic factors, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify germline polymorphisms for their association with neurotoxicities. Results Fourteen patients (3.8%) developed MTX-related clinical neurotoxicity. Of 13 patients rechallenged with intrathecal and/or high-dose MTX, 12 did not experience recurrence of neurotoxicity. Leukoencephalopathy was found in 73 (20.6%) of 355 asymptomatic patients and in all symptomatic patients and persisted in 74% of asymptomatic and 58% of symptomatic patients at the end of therapy. A high 42-hour plasma MTX to leucovorin ratio (measure of MTX exposure) was associated with increased risk of leukoencephalopathy in multivariable analysis (P = .038). GWAS revealed polymorphisms in genes enriched for neurodevelopmental pathways with plausible mechanistic roles in neurotoxicity. Conclusion MTX-related clinical neurotoxicity is transient, and most patients can receive subsequent MTX without recurrence of acute or subacute symptoms. All symptomatic patients and one in five asymptomatic patients develop leukoencephalopathy that can persist until the end of therapy. Polymorphisms in genes related to neurogenesis may contribute to susceptibility to MTX-related neurotoxicity.
Сriteria of observance of principle of honesty by the subjects of civil legal relationships
Authors: Гаврилов Юрий , Gavrilov Yuriy 
Published: February 2014

Honesty, being one of principles of civil law, reflects essence
of right, that is expressed in moral categories, such as a conscience
and good. It is assumed that principle of honesty tells to us that the
subject of civil legal relationships must operate not only coming from the rights and duties, and foremost with kind intentions, for example,
not to harm the rights to other man, not to put him in scienter unprofitable
position. The unproper use of civil laws blights to not only
the separate citizen but also all society on the whole.
Application of Non-Parametric Statistics and Econometrics Methods in HR-processes Analysing
Authors: Косолапова  , Kosolapova Natalya , Михалкина  , Mikhalkina Elena , Скачкова  , Skachkova Liudmila 
Published: February 2014

Methods of non-parametric statistics, facilitating analysis of processes in the human resource management sphere are reviewed. Such methods allow to explore
relationships between qualitative characteristics, between quantitative and qualitative attributes, and to evaluate results generated by expertise. The authors
draw examples, showing how to use Spearman’s coefficient, Kendall’s coefficient, coefficient of concordance in studying particular HRM problems, such as
employee turnover, job satisfaction level of employees etc. Revealed are the capabilities of correlation and regression analysis and of cluster analysis for evaluating
coordinated changes of quantitative factors and for describing dependent variable behaviour with the set of appropriate independent variables. The
described analytical toolkit in terms of theory will afford enhancement of research results quality and credibility, and in terms of practice — refinement of
source information analysis for further effective decision-making on the HRM issues.
Personnel Opportunistic Behavior at Work at the Nationwide and Corporate Levels
Authors: Макарова  , Makarova Stanislava 
Published: February 2014

Individual’s attitude to labor in many respects defines his behavior at work. Modern socio-economic realities of this country allows to discuss emergence of a
set of patterns for creating an image of «modern man of labor» which differs from that born under the Soviet rule. Strong addiction to opportunistic behavior
is an integral part of labor in organizations and thus poses urgent problem at micro-level as well as at the level of the national economy as a whole. One of
the effective methods to overcome opportunistic behavior at work is to develop positive work ethics. At the micro-level of organization corporate management
should use a combination of managerial and socio-psychological tools, easily available and appropriate to the given situation, to develop among subordinates
«pattern of sustainable negative attitude» to opportunistic behavior as a sort of deviant behavior.
Ecological Risk Assessment at Soil Contamination by Oil Supply Enterprises (as Exemplified by Ivanovo City)
Authors: Уюткин  , Uyutkin V. , Извекова  , Izvekova T. , Гущин  , Gushchin A. , Машкин  , Mashkin D. 
Published: February 2014

The paper has been devoted to analysis of ecological risk parameters as a result of natural objects’ soil contamination near oil
enterprises. During investigations levels of harmful impacts (including concentrations of criteria pollutants) on natural objects
near oil tank farm were measured and compared with regulations. The probability of appearance of ecological damage for soil
cover and this damage value from estimated levels of impact have been assessed. An economic damage value due to connected
with soil pollution an life expectancy reduction of those Ivanovo inhabitants, who are living near enterprise, has been estimated.
Analysis of Personnel Industrial Activity
Authors: Клейман  , Kleyman I. , Глебова  , Glebova E. , Волохина  , Volokhina A. , Федотов  , Fedotov I. 
Published: February 2014

Analysis related to industrial activity of personnel involved in localization and liquidation of accidents on dangerous
production objects of LLC &#34;Gazprom Transgaz Ugorsk&#34; has been performed through expert interviews and expert assessment
method. As a result of statistical treatment have been revealed operating personnel’s professionally important qualities
needed to perform required production functions. Based on production activity analysis a job description of shift supervisor
(dispatch operator) has been designed.
The human cost of war: Beyond the statistics
Authors: Richonne Judy F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
All too often historians get caught up in the facts and details of an event or period. Lists and statistics and dates overwhelm the human story which lies underneath. The use of oral history can help to keep the human element vibrant and at the same time make the factual components more relevant and intriguing to the modern young student. While true oral history has pitfalls as one is utilizing imperfect, fallible human recollection, such stories remain powerful and meaningful for the very reason of being the recollections of people – complete with depth of personality each of us brings to our experiences. The use of historical tales can retell an old story by adding characterization to give the modern student someone to connect with and perhaps make the factual story easier to understand and thus make use of when synthesizing events of history and how they interact over time. Examples are given to provide emphasis on the importance of daily experiences of the everyday person to the entirety of the historical tale. We matter as we are the history we create.