bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed Differentiation of Size‐Controlled Embryoid Bodies Towards Endothelial and Cardiac Lineages in RGD‐Modified Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels
Authors: Schukur Lina , Zorlutuna Pinar , Cha Jae Min , Bae Hojae , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent advances in stem cell research have demonstrated the importance of microenvironmental cues in directing stem cell fate towards specific cell lineages. For instance, the size of the embryoid body (EB) was shown to play a role in stem cell differentiation. Other studies have used cell adhesive RGD peptides to direct stem cell fate towards endothelial cells. In this study, materials and cell‐based approaches are combined by using microwell arrays to produce size‐controlled EBs and encapsulating the resulting aggregates in high molecular weight PEG‐4 arm acrylate with and without conjugated RGD to study their effect on stem cell differentiation in a 3D microenvironment. Increasing EB size is observed along with a decrease in the total number of EBs in pristine PEG hydrogel, regardless of the initial EB size. In correlation with this aggregation, EBs in PEG show enhanced cardiogenic differentiation compared to RGD‐PEG hydrogel. Both aggregation and cardiogenic differentiation are significantly reduced when RGD peptides are introduced to the microenvironment, while endothelial cell differentiation is accelerated by 3 to 5 days, depending on the EB size, and doubled over the course of cell culture for both EB sizes. Presented results indicate that RGD sequence has a dominant effect in driving endothelial cell differentiation in size‐controlled EBs, while pristine multi‐arm, high molecular weight PEG can induce cardiogenic differentiation, possibly through EB aggregation. The photopatternable nature of the hydrogel used in this study enabled patterning of such domains devoid or abundant of cell attachment sequences. Therefore, these hydrogels can potentially be used for spatially patterned embryonic stem cell differentiation, which may be beneficial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Redox Cycling for Passive Modification of Polypyrrole Surface Properties: Effects on Cell Adhesion and Proliferation
Authors: Sivaraman Kartik M. , Özkale Berna , Ergeneman Olgaç , Lühmann Tessa , Fortunato Giuseppino , Zeeshan Muhammad Arif , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe surface properties of electrodeposited poly(pyrrole) (Ppy) doped with sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (NaDBS) are modified by two methods: addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) during the electrodeposition and through redox cycling post electrodeposition. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to ascertain PEG incorporation and to analyze the change in the oxidation state of the polymer. Anodic cycling resulted in the formation of micrometer‐sized surface cracks which increased the amount of Rhodamine‐B dye adsorbed onto the surface, and played a role in decreasing the wettability of the surface. The change in surface wettability caused by these cracks was mitigated by the presence of PEG in the Ppy matrix. Compared to the incorporation of PEG, redox cycling was more effective in passively modulating the adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on the Ppy surface. Based on the attenuation of surface polarity of the Ppy surfaces by the incorporated PEG, a mechanism is proposed to explain the observed cell adhesion behavior.
Gradient‐Regulated Hydrogel for Interface Tissue Engineering: Steering Simultaneous Osteo/Chondrogenesis of Stem Cells on a Chip
Authors: Shi Xuetao , Zhou Jianhua , Zhao Yihua , Li Lei , Wu Hongkai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInjury to articular cartilage, especially the defects induced by degenerative diseases has presented insurmountable challenges. Elaborating a replacement of articular cartilage using biomimic tissue‐engineering strategies provides a promising remedy. However, none of the previous osteo/chondrogenic methodologies can not only simultaneously induce osteo/chondrogenesis of stem cells in one scaffolding niche, but also generate a biomimic interface between the formed osteogenic and chondrogenic zones. We report here an innovative method using biomicrofluidic techniques to simultaneously steer distinct specialized differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts in one hydrogel slab. Importantly, a gradient that mimics the interface of bone‐to‐cartilage was generated in the middle of the hydrogel slab. We compared this format with the conventional method for osteochondrogenesis; this format using the gradient‐generating microfluidic device indicated outstanding superiorities in stem cell culture and differentiation. Our findings will have a major impact on the design of versatile biomicrofluidic devices for interfacial tissue regeneration.
Conjugate Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds with Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Compact Phosphane–Copper Complex
Authors: Kawamorita Soichiro , Yamazaki Kenji , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA silica‐supported, cage‐type, compact phosphane (Silica‐SMAP) was used for the copper‐catalyzed conjugate reduction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl and carboxyl compounds with poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS). The heterogeneous catalyst system showed high activity and chemoselectivity, and was easily separable from the reaction mixture after the reaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was reusable without loss of its high catalytic activity or selectivity.
Cross‐Coupling in Flow using Supported Catalysts: Mild, Clean, Efficient and Sustainable Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling in a Single Pass
Authors: de M. Muñoz Juan , Alcázar Jesús , de la Hoz Antonio , Díaz‐Ortiz Angel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA mild, clean, practical, sustainable and high yielding procedure for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling in a single pass using a silica‐supported palladium catalyst is described. The catalyst can be used in more than 30 reactions and for more than 8 h of continuous processing without a decrease in reactivity due to the low leaching observed. Different halides/pseudo‐halides and organoboron compounds can be used without modifying the standard procedure.
Highly Active Dinuclear Copper Catalysts for Homogeneous Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions
Authors: Berg Regina , Straub Johannes , Schreiner Ella , Mader Steffen , Rominger Frank , Straub Bernd F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe main feature of the herein presented class of molecularly defined catalysts for the copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction is the presence of two copper centres in one catalyst molecule. We report the facile three‐step synthesis of two representative bis‐NHC‐dicopper complexes as well as their catalytic performance in the azide–alkyne cycloaddition. A screening with one of these complexes has proved its wide applicability and excellent performance as homogeneous catalyst in various organic solvents and with different alkyne and azide substrates.
Asymmetric Bio‐amination of Ketones in Organic Solvents
Authors: Mutti Francesco G. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: November 2012

Abstractω‐Transaminases, employed as a lyophilised crude cell‐free extract, were successfully employed in organic solvent for the asymmetric amination of ketones without the need for immobilisation. Best activity was found for methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) at a water activity of 0.6. The ω‐transaminases (9 different enzymes) accepted efficiently 2‐propylamine as amine donor when used in the solvent, which is not the case when they are used in aqueous solution. The bio‐amination in organic solvent showed several advantages such as higher reaction rates (up to 17‐fold), general acceptance of 2‐propylamine as amine donor, simple work‐up procedure (i.e., no basification and extraction required), easy recycling of the catalyst and lack of substrate inhibition. The biocatalysts maintained their excellent stereoselectivity in MTBE allowing the preparation of optically pure amines (ee >99%) with up to >99% conversion.
The First Report on Excellent Cycling Stability and Superior Rate Capability of Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Saravanan Kuppan , Mason Chad W. , Rudola Ashish , Wong Kim Hai , Balaya Palani 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSodium ion batteries are attractive for the rapidly emerging large‐scale energy storage market for intermittent renewable resources. Currently a viable cathode material does not exist for practical non‐aqueous sodium ion battery applications. Here we disclose a high performance, durable electrode material based on the 3D NASICON framework. Porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C was synthesized using a novel solution‐based approach. This material, as a cathode, is capable of delivering an energy storage capacity of ∼400 mWh/g vs. sodium metal. Furthermore, at high current rates (10, 20 and 40 C), it displayed remarkable capacity retention. Equally impressive is the long term cycle life. Nearly 50% of the initial capacity was retained after 30,000 charge/discharge cycles at 40 C (4.7 A/g). Notably, coulombic efficiency was 99.68% (average) over the course of cycling. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of high energy density, high power density and ultra long cycle life demonstrated here has never been reported before for sodium ion batteries. We believe our findings will have profound implications for developing large‐scale energy storage systems for renewable energy sources.
Effectiveness of joint health and safety committees: A realist review
Authors: Yassi Annalee , Lockhart Karen , Sykes Mona , Buck Brad , Stime Bjorn , Spiegel Jerry M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundJoint health and safety committees (JHSCs) are widely acknowledged as important to a healthy and safe work environment. However, it is also generally believed that having a JHSC is necessary but not sufficient; the JHSC must be effective.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to find empirical studies regarding the effectiveness of JHSCs; realist review methodology was applied to determine context‐mechanism‐outcome patterns. Experts from across Canada and from various sectors and perspectives including government, employers, and unions, were brought together to inform the synthesis.ResultsThirty‐one studies met inclusion criteria. Mechanisms identified as important determinants of JHSC effectiveness across various jurisdictions include adequate information, education and training; appropriate committee composition; senior management commitment to JHSCs; and especially a clear mandate with a broad scope and corresponding empowerment (through legislation and/or union presence).ConclusionsConsistent empowerment mechanisms emerge as determinants of successful JHSCs across contexts despite few evidence‐based details for best practice implementation. Intervention research is warranted. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:424–438, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autoantibodies to cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A in inclusion body myositis
Authors: Pluk Helma , van Hoeve Bas J. A. , van Dooren Sander H. J. , Stammen‐Vogelzangs Judith , van der Heijden Annemarie , Schelhaas Helenius J. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Badrising Umesh A. , Arnardottir Snjolaug , Gheorghe Karina , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Boelens Wilbert C. , van Engelen Baziel G. , Pruijn Ger J. M. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveSporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by both degenerative and autoimmune features. In contrast to other inflammatory myopathies, myositis‐specific autoantibodies had not been found in sIBM patients until recently. We used human skeletal muscle extracts as a source of antigens to detect autoantibodies in sIBM and to characterize the corresponding antigen.MethodsAutoantibodies to skeletal muscle antigens were detected by immunoblotting. The target antigen was immunoaffinity‐purified from skeletal muscle extracts and characterized by mass spectrometry. A cDNA encoding this protein was cloned and expressed in vitro, and its recognition by patient sera was analyzed in an immunoprecipitation assay. Epitopes were mapped using microarrays of overlapping peptides.ResultsAn Mr 44,000 polypeptide (Mup44) was frequently targeted by sIBM autoantibodies. The target protein was purified, and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Mup44 is the cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (cN1A). By immunoprecipitation of recombinant cN1A, high concentrations of anti‐Mup44 autoantibodies were detected in 33% of sIBM patient sera, whereas their prevalence in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and other neuromuscular disorders appeared to be rare (4.2%, 4.5%, and 3.2%, respectively). Low concentrations of anti‐Mup44 antibodies were found in myositis as well as other neuromuscular disorders, but not in healthy controls. Three major autoepitope regions of cN1A were mapped by using microarrays containing a set of overlapping peptides covering the complete cN1A amino acid sequence.InterpretationAnti‐Mup44 autoantibodies, which are targeted to cN1A, represent the first serological biomarker for sIBM and may facilitate the diagnosis of this type of myositis. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:397–407
Asymmetrische Gegenanionen‐vermittelte Katalyse: Konzept, Definition und Anwendungen
Authors: Mahlau Manuel , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSeit einiger Zeit hat sich die Verwendung enantiomerenreiner Gegenanionen zur Induktion von Enantioselektivität in Reaktionen über kationische Intermediate als interessantes neues Konzept hervorgetan, das als “asymmetrische Gegenanionen‐vermittelte Katalyse” (ACDC) bezeichnet wird. Trotz seines Erfolgs ist das Konzept bisher noch nicht vollständig definiert und systematisch diskutiert worden. Dieser Aufsatz schließt diese Lücke, indem eine klare Definition von ACDC gegeben wird und auf sowohl eindeutige als auch mehrdeutige Beispiele angewendet wird, um die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zu anderen Katalysekonzepten hervorzuheben.
Asymmetric Counteranion‐Directed Catalysis: Concept, Definition, and Applications
Authors: Mahlau Manuel , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecently, the use of enantiomerically pure counteranions for the induction of asymmetry in reactions proceeding through cationic intermediates has emerged as an exciting new concept, which has been termed asymmetric counteranion‐directed catalysis (ACDC). Despite its success, the concept has not been fully defined and systematically discussed to date. This Review closes this gap by providing a clear definition of ACDC and by examining both clear cases as well as more ambiguous examples to illustrate the differences and overlaps with other catalysis concepts.
A Sensitivity Analysis to the Role of the Fronto‐Parietal Suture in Lacerta Bilineata: A Preliminary Finite Element Study
Authors: Moazen Mehran , Costantini David , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCranial sutures are sites of bone growth and development but micromovements at these sites may distribute the load across the skull more evenly. Computational studies have incorporated sutures into finite element (FE) models to assess various hypotheses related to their function. However, less attention has been paid to the sensitivity of the FE results to the shape, size, and stiffness of the modeled sutures. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of the strain predictions to the aforementioned parameters in several models of fronto‐parietal (FP) suture in Lacerta bilineata. For the purpose of this study, simplifications were made in relation to modeling the bone properties and the skull loading. Results highlighted that modeling the FP as either an interdigitated suture or a simplified butt suture, did not reduce the strain distribution in the FP region. Sensitivity tests showed that similar patterns of strain distribution can be obtained regardless of the size of the suture, or assigned stiffness, yet the exact magnitudes of strains are highly sensitive to these parameters. This study raises the question whether the morphogenesis of epidermic scales in the FP region in the Lacertidae is related to high strain fields in this region, because of micromovement in the FP suture. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferrocene‐Donor and 4,5‐Dicyanoimidazole‐Acceptor Moieties in Charge‐Transfer Chromophores with π Linkers Tailored for Second‐Order Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Kulhánek Jiří , Bureš Filip , Kuznik Wojciech , Kityk Iwan V. , Mikysek Tomáš , Růžička Aleš 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of new nonlinear optical chromophores (1–15) that were comprised of ferrocene‐donor and 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole‐acceptor moieties and various π linkers of different length were synthesized. Support for the presence of significant DA interactions in these NLO‐phores was obtained from the evaluation of the quinoid character of the 1,4‐phenylene moieties and their electronic absorption spectra, which featured intense high‐energy (HE) bands that were accompanied by less‐intense low‐energy (LE) bands. The redox behavior of these compounds was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and by rotating‐disc voltammetry (RDV); their electrochemical gaps decreased steadily from 2.64 to 2.09 V. In addition to the experimentally obtained data, DFT calculations of their absorption spectra, HOMO/LUMO levels, and second‐order polarizabilities (β) (−2ω,ω,ω) were performed. A structure–property relationship study that was performed by systematically altering the π linker revealed that the intramolecular charge‐transfer and nonlinear optical properties of these inorganic–organic hybrid DπA systems (1–15) were primarily affected by: 1) The presence of olefinic/acetylenic subunits; 2) the length of the π linker; and 3) the spatial arrangement (planarity) of the π linker.
Current prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 70-year-old women
Authors: Svensjö S , Björck M , Wanhainen A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Screening elderly men for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) to reduce mortality from rupture is evidence-based. For women epidemiological data on AAA are scarce, and the evidence for screening is insufficient. The aim of this population-based study was to determine the current prevalence of AAA and risk factors among 70-year-old women.

Methods
All 70-year-old women identified through the National Population Registry in the two neighbouring counties of Uppsala and Dalarna were invited to a free ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta. An AAA was defined as a maximum infrarenal aortic diameter of at least 30 mm.

Results
Of 6925 women invited, 5140 (74·2 per cent) accepted the invitation to be screened. Among these, 19 AAAs were detected (0·4 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·2 to 0·5) per cent). In the invited cohort 12 women (0·2 (0·1 to 0·3) per cent) had undergone previous AAA repair (11) or had a known AAA under surveillance (1). Thus, the total prevalence was estimated at 0·5 (0·4 to 0·7) per cent. Smoking was strongly associated with AAA; 18 (95 per cent) of 19 women with a screen-detected AAA had a history of smoking compared with 44·2 per cent of those with a normal aorta (odds ratio 20·29, 95 per cent c.i. 2·70 to 152·65). The prevalence of AAA was 0·03 (0 to 0·1) per cent among never smokers, 0·4 (0·2 to 0·8) per cent among former smokers and 2·1 (1·0 to 3·7) per cent among current smokers.

Conclusion
Screening 70-year-old women who do not smoke is likely to be futile, thus ruling out population screening of women for AAA.
Sensory deprivation during early development causes an increased exploratory behavior in a whisker‐dependent decision task
Authors: Papaioannou Stylianos , Brigham Leeann , Krieger Patrik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStimulation of sensory pathways is important for the normal development of cortical sensory areas, and impairments in the normal development can have long‐lasting effect on animal's behavior. In particular, disturbances that occur early in development can cause permanent changes in brain structure and function. The behavioral effect of early sensory deprivation was studied in the mouse whisker system using a protocol to induce a 1‐week sensory deprivation immediately after birth. Only two rows of whiskers were spared (C and D rows), and the rest were deprived, to create a situation where an unbalanced sensory input, rather than a complete loss of input, causes a reorganization of the sensory map. Sensory deprivation increased the barrel size ratio of the spared CD rows compared with the deprived AB rows; thus, the map reorganization is likely due, at least in part, to a rewiring of thalamocortical projections. The behavioral effect of such a map reorganization was investigated in the gap‐crossing task, where the animals used a whisker that was spared during the sensory deprivation. Animals that had been sensory deprived performed equally well with the control animals in the gap‐crossing task, but were more active in exploring the gap area and consequently made more approaches to the gap – approaches that on average were of shorter duration. A restricted sensory deprivation of only some whiskers, although it does not seem to affect the overall performance of the animals, does have an effect on their behavioral strategy on executing the gap‐crossing task.
Social exclusion, infant behavior, social isolation, and maternal expectations independently predict maternal depressive symptoms
Authors: Eastwood John , Jalaludin Bin , Kemp Lynn , Phung Hai , Barnett Bryanne , Tobin Jacinta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify latent variables that can be used to inform theoretical models of perinatal influences on postnatal depressed mood and maternal–infant attachment. A routine survey of mothers with newborn infants was commenced in South Western Sydney in 2000. The survey included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 46 psychosocial and health‐related variables. Mothers (n = 15,389) delivering in 2002 and 2003 were surveyed at 2–3 weeks for depressive symptoms. Nonlinear principal components analysis was undertaken to identify dimensions that might represent latent variables. Correlations between latent variables and EPDS >12 were assessed by logistic regression. A five‐dimension solution was identified, which accounted for 51% of the variance among the items studied. The five dimensions identified were maternal responsiveness, social exclusion, infant behavior, migrant social isolation, and family size. In addition, the variable maternal expectation contributed significantly to total variance and was included in the regression analysis. Regression on EPDS >12 was predictive for all variables except for maternal responsiveness, which was considered an outcome variable. The findings are consistent with the proposition that social exclusion, infant behavior, social isolation among migrant mothers, and maternal expectations are determinants of maternal mood.