bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SLC26 anion exchangers in uterine epithelial cells and spermatozoa: clues from the past and hints to the future
Authors: Chan Hsiao Chang , Sun Xiao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe solute carrier 26 (SLC26) family emerges as a distinct class of anion transporters with its members SLC26A3 (Slc26a3) and SLC26A6 (Slc26a6) reported to be electrogenic Cl−/HCO3− exchangers. While it is known that uterine fluid has high HCO3− content and that HCO3− is essential for sperm capacitation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transport of HCO3− across uterine epithelial cells and sperm have not been fully investigated. The present review re‐examines the results from early reports studying anion transport, finding clues for the involvement of Cl−/HCO3− anion exchangers in electrogenic HCO3− transport across endometrial epithelium. We also summarise recent work on Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 in uterine epithelial cells and sperm, revealing their functional role in working closely with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for HCO3− transport in these cells. The possible involvement of these anion exchangers in other HCO3− dependent reproductive processes and their implications for infertility are also discussed.
IoT‐SVKSearch: a real‐time multimodal search engine mechanism for the internet of things
Authors: Ding Zhiming , Chen Zhikui , Yang Qi 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYRecent advances on the Internet of Things (IoT) have posed great challenges to the search engine community. IoT systems manage huge numbers of heterogeneous sensors and/or monitoring devices, which continuously monitor the states of real‐world objects, and most data are generated automatically through sampling. The sampling data are dynamically changing so that the IoT search engine should support real‐time retrieval. Additionally, the IoT search involves not only keyword matches but also spatial‐temporal searches and value‐based approximate searches, as IoT sampling data are generally from spatial‐temporal scenario. To meet these challenges, we propose a ‘Hybrid Real‐time Search Engine Framework for the Internet of Things based on Spatial‐Temporal, Value‐based, and Keyword‐based Conditions’ (‘IoT‐SVK Search Engine’ or simply ‘IoT‐SVKSearch’ for short) in this paper. The experiments show that the IoT‐SVK search engine has satisfactory performances in supporting real‐time, multi‐modal retrieval of massive sensor sampling data in the IoT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterochrony in the regulation of the developing marsupial limb
Authors: Chew Keng Yih , Shaw Geoffrey , Yu Hongshi , Pask Andrew J. , Renfree Marilyn B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: At birth, marsupial neonates have precociously developed forelimbs. The development of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) hindlimbs lags significantly behind that of the forelimbs. This differs from the grey short‐tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, which has relatively similar fore‐ and hindlimbs at birth. This study examines the expression of the key patterning genes TBX4, TBX5, PITX1, FGF8, and SHH in developing limb buds in the tammar wallaby. Results: All genes examined were highly conserved with orthologues from opossum and mouse. TBX4 expression appeared earlier in development than in the mouse, but later than in the opossum. SHH expression is restricted to the zone of polarising activity, while TBX5 (forelimb) and PITX1 (hindlimb) showed diffuse mRNA expression. FGF8 is specifically localised to the apical ectodermal ridge, which is more prominent than in the opossum. Conclusions: The most marked divergence in limb size in marsupials occurs in the kangaroos and wallabies. The faster development of the fore limb compared to that of the hind limb correlates with the early timing of the expression of the key patterning genes in these limbs. Developmental Dynamics 243:324–338, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing the genetic predictions of a biogeographical model in a dominant endemic Eastern Pacific coral (Porites panamensis) using a genetic seascape approach
Authors: Saavedra‐Sotelo Nancy C. , Calderon‐Aguilera Luis E. , Reyes‐Bonilla Héctor , Paz‐García David A. , López‐Pérez Ramón A. , Cupul‐Magaña Amilcar , Cruz‐Barraza José A. , Rocha‐Olivares Axayácatl 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe coral fauna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is depauperate and peripheral; hence, it has drawn attention to the factors allowing its survival. Here, we use a genetic seascape approach and ecological niche modeling to unravel the environmental factors correlating with the genetic variation of Porites panamensis, a hermatypic coral endemic to the ETP. Specifically, we test if levels of diversity and connectivity are higher among abundant than among depauperate populations, as expected by a geographically relaxed version of the Abundant Center Hypothesis (rel‐ACH). Unlike the original ACH, referring to a geographical center of distribution of maximal abundance, the rel‐ACH refers only to a center of maximum abundance, irrespective of its geographic position. The patterns of relative abundance of P. panamensis in the Mexican Pacific revealed that northern populations from Baja California represent its center of abundance; and southern depauperate populations along the continental margin are peripheral relative to it. Genetic patterns of diversity and structure of nuclear DNA sequences (ribosomal DNA and a single copy open reading frame) and five alloenzymatic loci partially agreed with rel‐ACH predictions. We found higher diversity levels in peninsular populations and significant differentiation between peninsular and continental colonies. In addition, continental populations showed higher levels of differentiation and lower connectivity than peninsular populations in the absence of isolation by distance in each region. Some discrepancies with model expectations may relate to the influence of significant habitat discontinuities in the face of limited dispersal potential. Environmental data analyses and niche modeling allowed us to identify temperature, water clarity, and substrate availability as the main factors correlating with patterns of abundance, genetic diversity, and structure, which may hold the key to the survival of P. panamensis in the face of widespread environmental degradation.
Investigating the interface of the investment model and adult attachment theory
Authors: Carter Angela M. , Fabrigar Leandre R. , MacDonald Tara K. , Monner Laura J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe examined whether the extent to which individuals accord importance to components of the investment model varies by attachment. In Study 1, rewards and costs in a hypothetical relationship were experimentally manipulated, and participants (single and dating undergraduates) reported perceptions of rewards, costs, and satisfaction. In Study 2, investments and alternative quality were manipulated, and participants reported perceptions of investments, alternatives, satisfaction, and commitment. Study 1 revealed that relative to others, individuals high in both anxiety and avoidance (i.e., fearful) accord less weight to rewards when determining satisfaction. Study 2 revealed that relative to others, individuals low in anxiety and high in avoidance (i.e., dismissing) accord more weight to investments and alternatives, and less weight to satisfaction when determining commitment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mendelian Randomization Analysis With Multiple Genetic Variants Using Summarized Data
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Butterworth Adam , Thompson Simon G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies, which typically report regression coefficients summarizing the associations of many genetic variants with various traits, are potentially a powerful source of data for Mendelian randomization investigations. We demonstrate how such coefficients from multiple variants can be combined in a Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome. The bias and efficiency of estimates based on summarized data are compared to those based on individual‐level data in simulation studies. We investigate the impact of gene–gene interactions, linkage disequilibrium, and ‘weak instruments’ on these estimates. Both an inverse‐variance weighted average of variant‐specific associations and a likelihood‐based approach for summarized data give similar estimates and precision to the two‐stage least squares method for individual‐level data, even when there are gene–gene interactions. However, these summarized data methods overstate precision when variants are in linkage disequilibrium. If the P‐value in a linear regression of the risk factor for each variant is less than , then weak instrument bias will be small. We use these methods to estimate the causal association of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) on coronary artery disease using published data on five genetic variants. A 30% reduction in LDL‐C is estimated to reduce coronary artery disease risk by 67% (95% CI: 54% to 76%). We conclude that Mendelian randomization investigations using summarized data from uncorrelated variants are similarly efficient to those using individual‐level data, although the necessary assumptions cannot be so fully assessed.
Feasibility of tropical cyclone intensity estimation using satellite‐borne radiometer measurements: An observing system simulation experiment
Authors: Sieron Scott B. , Zhang Fuqing , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study evaluates the potential of a proposed technique in using satellite‐borne radiometer measurements and weather analyses to estimate the intensity of tropical cyclones. This theory shows that intensity is essentially directly related to the temperature deficit of cloud top versus sea surface, and the surplus in saturation entropy in the eyewall versus its surroundings. The eyewall entropy estimate comes from measurements of cloud top temperature and pressure, and the analysis provides the environmental saturation entropy. An Observing Systems Simulation Experiment was conducted, and the results were compared to those from previous studies using cloud‐profiling radar altimetry measurements. The use of cloud top pressure measurements may produce more accurate results. Inherent challenges still require caution in considering operational implementation.
Using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis as weather input data for watershed models
Authors: Fuka Daniel R. , Walter M. Todd , MacAlister Charlotte , Degaetano Arthur T. , Steenhuis Tammo S. , Easton Zachary M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObtaining representative meteorological data for watershed‐scale hydrological modelling can be difficult and time consuming. Land‐based weather stations do not always adequately represent the weather occurring over a watershed, because they can be far from the watershed of interest and can have gaps in their data series, or recent data are not available. This study presents a method for using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) global meteorological dataset to obtain historical weather data and demonstrates the application to modelling five watersheds representing different hydroclimate regimes. CFSR data are available globally for each hour since 1979 at a 38‐km resolution. Results show that utilizing the CFSR precipitation and temperature data to force a watershed model provides stream discharge simulations that are as good as or better than models forced using traditional weather gauging stations, especially when stations are more than 10 km from the watershed. These results further demonstrate that adding CFSR data to the suite of watershed modelling tools provides new opportunities for meeting the challenges of modelling un‐gauged watersheds and advancing real‐time hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MOMENT‐MATCHING METHOD FOR APPROXIMATING VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES BY FINITE‐STATE MARKOV CHAINS
Authors: Gospodinov Nikolay , Lkhagvasuren Damba 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a moment‐matching method for approximating vector autoregressions by finite‐state Markov chains. The Markov chain is constructed by targeting the conditional moments of the underlying continuous process. The proposed method is more robust to the number of discrete values and tends to outperform the existing methods for approximating multivariate processes over a wide range of the parameter space, especially for highly persistent vector autoregressions with roots near the unit circle. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in vitro skin model to study the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing and epidermal regeneration
Authors: Ojeh Nkemcho O. , Navsaria Harshad A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe development of new wound therapies, such as bioengineered skin equivalents, is an ongoing process. Multi‐potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to many tissue lineages and have been implicated in wound healing making them a potential candidate for cell‐based bioengineered products for injured tissue. In this study, we investigated the mesenchymal/epithelial interactions of cultured MSCs in comparison to cultured fibroblasts on epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression using a de‐epidermalized dermis (DED) skin model. We also studied whether MSCs can transdifferentiate to keratinocytes using the same model. Keratinocytes were cultured on unseeded DED or DED populated with fibroblasts or MSCs at an air‐liquid interface to induce epidermal differentiation. Fibroblasts or MSCs were also seeded on the papillary surface of the DED alone or on the reticular surface. General histology and immunostaining was performed on the skin equivalents to examine the expression of pan keratin (K) (K1, K5, K6, and K18) and protein markers for epidermal differentiation (K10), hyperproliferation (K6), proliferation (PCNA), ECM component (collagen type IV), and mesenchymal marker (vimentin). Keratinocyte‐fibroblast skin model and keratinocyte‐MSC skin model both displayed an epidermal phenotype similar to epidermis in vivo. Positive expression of proliferation, differentiation and ECM protein markers was observed. MSCs failed to adopt an epithelial phenotype in the DED skin model. Our findings highlight the potential use of MSCs in bioengineered tissue for the treatment of wounds. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2785–2792, 2014.
p38 signaling in titanium particle‐induced MMP‐2 secretion and activation in differentiating MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Chen Ming , Chen Pei‐Min , Dong Qi‐Rong , Huang Qun , She Chang , Xu Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe periprosthetic osteolysis induced by wear particles contributes to aseptic loosening after joint arthroplasty. The molecular mechanism underlying osteolysis remains to be described. In this study, cultured MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with titanium particles. We investigated the role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in the expression of MMP‐2 in response to wear particles. Our results demonstrated MC3T3‐E1 cells exposed to titanium particles had significantly increased levels of MMP‐2 and MT1‐MMP mRNA, whereas the TIMP‐2 mRNA level was unchanged. In MC3T3‐E1 cells, the protein expression of MMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and active p38 was also elevated after titanium particle exposure, as detected by Western blot and Biotrak activity analyses. Inhibition studies showed that the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 completely abrogated the increase in MMP‐2 and MT1‐MMP production induced by the titanium particles. Moreover, our results revealed that conditioned media‐stimulated osteoclast formation was related to the MMP‐2 activity of osteoblasts that were challenged with Ti particles. This study demonstrated that p38 signaling is required for MMP‐2 activity in osteoblasts under wear particle‐induced conditions. MMP‐2 could act as a catabolic element or a proinflammatory factor contributing to periprosthetic osteolysis. Therefore, the p38 pathway and MMP‐2 may play a critical role in the development of aseptic loosening. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2824–2832, 2014.
Overexpression of Myo1e in Mouse Podocytes Enhances Cellular Endocytosis, Migration, and Adhesion
Authors: Jin Xia , Wang Wenjing , Mao Jianhua , Shen Huijun , Fu Haidong , Wang Xia , Gu Weizhong , Liu Aimin , Yu Huimin , Shu Qiang , Du Lizhong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPodocytes are a terminally differentiated and highly specialized cell type in the glomerulus that forms a crucial component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Recently, Myo1e was identified in the podocytes of glomeruli. Myo1e podocyte‐specific knockout mice exhibit proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, glomerular basement membrane disorganization, signs of chronic renal injury, and kidney inflammation. After overexpression of Myo1e in a conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5), podocyte migration was evaluated via transwell assay, endocytosis was evaluated using FITC‐transferrin, and adhesion was evaluated using a detachment assay after puromycin aminonucleoside treatment. Myo1e overexpression significantly increased the adherence of podocytes. ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences for cell adhesion between the overexpression and control groups (overexpression vs. control, t = 11.3199, P = 0.005; overexpression vs. negative control, t = 12.0570, P = 0.0006). Overexpression of Myo1e inhibited puromycin aminonucleoside‐induced podocyte detachment, and the number of cells remaining on the bottom of the culture plate increased. Cell migration was enhanced in Myo1e‐overexpressing podocytes in the transwell migration assay. Internalization of FITC‐transferrin also increased in Myo1e‐overexpressing podocytes relative to control cells. Overexpression of Myo1e can enhance podocyte migration ability, endocytosis, and attachment to the glomerular basement membrane. Restoration of Myo1e expression in podocytes may therefore strengthen their functional integrity against environmental and mechanical injury. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 410–419, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retromer Promotes Immune Quiescence by Suppressing Spätzle‐Toll Pathway in Drosophila
Authors: Zhou Bo , Yun Eun‐Young , Ray Lorraine , You Jia , Ip Y. Tony , Lin Xinhua 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Toll and Toll‐like receptor signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate innate immunity in insects and mammals. While efforts have been made to clarify the signal transduction events that occur during infection, much less is known about the components that maintain immune quiescence. Here we show that retromer, an intracellular protein complex known for regulating vesicle trafficking, functions in modulating the Toll pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. In mutant animals lacking retromer function, the Toll pathway but not JAK‐STAT or IMD pathway is activated, triggering both cellular and humoral responses. Genetic epistasis and clonal analysis suggest that retromer regulates a component that acts upstream of Toll. Our data further show that in the mutant the Toll ligand Spätzle has a processing pattern similar to that of after infection. Together, the results suggest a novel function of retromer in regulating Toll pathway and innate immunity at a step that modulates ligand processing or activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 512–520, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful negative inotropic treatment of acute left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by elongated mitral valve leaflet
Authors: Ayoub Chadi , Ranasinghe Isuru , Yiannikas John 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTElongated anterior mitral valve leaflet (EAMVL) has not been reported to cause left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy. We report the case of an elderly male patient who presented with acute heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation in the setting of dehydration. Echocardiography revealed acute LVOTO secondary to EAMVL. The patient was ineligible for surgery and was treated with negative inotropic agents, which ensured resolution of heart failure and marked improvement in the degree of LVOTO. This case demonstrates that, under certain circumstances, EAMVL without associated left ventricular hypertrophy may produce hemodynamic compromise that can be successfully treated medically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:245–248, 2014
Electric structure of dipolarization fronts associated with interchange instability in the magnetotail
Authors: Lu H. Y. , Cao J. B. , Zhou M. , Fu H. S. , Nakamura R. , Zhang T. L. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Ma Y. D. , Tao D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe electric structure of dipolarization fronts (DFs) is very important to both DF dynamics and particle acceleration. We performed two‐dimensional Hall MHD simulation to study the electric structure of DF produced by interchange instability on the scale of ion inertial length in the flow braking region of near‐Earth tail. The results indicate that the Hall effect makes the structures of plasma density and magnetic field deformed in the dawn‐dusk direction. This deformation is caused by the induced Lorentz force along the tangent plane of DF, which is associated with the outward moving of demagnetized ions driven by the ion‐scale Earthward electric field on DF. In addition, the x component of electric field contributed jointly by Hall and electron pressure gradient terms along with Bz can produce a dawnward E × B drift to the whole “mushroom” structure. Inside the DF, the electric field is mainly produced by Hall term, and the contributions from the convectional and electron pressure gradient electric fields are very small. This indicates that the ion frozen‐in condition of magnetic field is violated inside the DF. Therefore, it is the electric field contributed by Hall term inside the DF that changes the overall MHD “mushroom” pattern. The comparison between the simulation results and the observations of THEMIS satellites demonstrates that the model of Hall MHD simulation can reproduce the plasma and electric field observed at DF.
A comparison between the effects of artificial land cover and anthropogenic heat on a localized heavy rain event in 2008 in Zoshigaya, Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Souma Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Kenji , Suetsugi Tadashi , Sunada Kengo , Tsuboki Kazuhisa , Shinoda Taro , Wang Yuqing , Sakakibara Atsushi , Hasegawa Koichi , Moteki Qoosaku , Nakakita Eiichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOn 5 August 2008, a localized heavy rainfall event caused a rapid increase in drainpipe discharge, which killed five people working in a drainpipe near Zoshigaya, Tokyo. This study compared the effects of artificial land cover and anthropogenic heat on this localized heavy rainfall event based on three ensemble experiments using a cloud‐resolving model that includes realistic urban features. The first experiment CTRL (control) considered realistic land cover and urban features, including artificial land cover, anthropogenic heat, and urban geometry. In the second experiment NOAH (no anthropogenic heat), anthropogenic heat was ignored. In the third experiment NOLC (no land cover), urban heating from artificial land cover was reduced by keeping the urban geometry but with roofs, walls, and roads of artificial land cover replaced by shallow water. The results indicated that both anthropogenic heat and artificial land cover increased the amount of precipitation and that the effect of artificial land cover was larger than that of anthropogenic heat. However, in the middle stage of the precipitation event, the difference between the two effects became small. Weak surface heating in NOAH and NOLC reduced the near‐surface air temperature and weakened the convergence of horizontal wind and updraft over the urban areas, resulting in a reduced rainfall amount compared with that in CTRL.