bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity to social and non‐social threats in temperamentally shy children at‐risk for anxiety
Authors: LoBue Vanessa , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the current brief report, we examined threat perception in a group of young children who may be at‐risk for anxiety due to extreme temperamental shyness. Results demonstrate specific differences in the processing of social threats: 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds in the high‐shy group demonstrated a greater bias for social threats (angry faces) than did a comparison group of low‐shy children. This pattern did not hold for non‐social threats like snakes: Both groups showed an equal bias for the detection of snakes over frogs. The results suggest that children who are tempermentally shy have a heightened sensitivity to social signs of threat early in development. These findings have implications for understanding mechanisms of early threat sensitivity that may predict later socioemotional maladjustment.
Measure of Processes of Care: a review of 20 years of research
Authors: Cunningham Barbara J , Rosenbaum Peter L 
Published: November 2013

AimThis article reviews literature on findings from the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) to assess family‐centred services.MethodSystematic searches for papers citing MPOC in both PubMed and Web of Science identified 107 articles. Fifty‐five met the criterion for inclusion in this review in that they reported MPOC data.ResultsOver the past 20 years MPOC has been used in settings additional to the children's treatment centres for which it was designed; used in 11 countries and translated into 14 languages; and used to measure change in respondents' perceptions over time. MPOC findings have also informed our understanding of the provision of family‐centred services. Overall, parents report that service providers do a good job of providing respectful, comprehensive services in partnership with families, but that there remain limitations in the provision of general information, an area for improvement. Finally, MPOC has been shown to correlate with various other measures related to the provision of family‐centred services.InterpretationThe MPOC ‘family’ of measures can be used to assess both families' and service providers' experiences and perceptions of the family‐centredness of services received/provided. Opportunities abound for further research enquiries.
How Does Individual Recognition Evolve? Comparing Responses to Identity Information in Polistes Species with and Without Individual Recognition
Authors: Sheehan Michael J. , Straub Michael A. , Tibbetts Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA wide range of complex social behaviors are facilitated by the recognition of individual conspecifics. Individual recognition requires sufficient phenotypic variation to provide identity information as well as receivers that process and respond to identity information. Understanding how a complex trait such as individual recognition evolves requires that we consider how each component has evolved. Previous comparative studies have examined phenotypic variability in senders and receiver learning abilities, although little work has compared receiver responses to identity information among related species with and without individual recognition. Here, we compare responses to identity information in two Polistes paper wasps: P. fuscatus, which visually recognizes individuals, and P. metricus, which does not normally show evidence of individual recognition. Although the species differ in individual recognition, the results of this study show that receiver responses to experimentally manipulated identity information are surprisingly similar in both species. Receivers direct less aggression toward identifiable individuals than unidentifiable individuals. Therefore, the responses necessary for individual recognition may pre‐date its evolution in the P. fuscatus lineage. Additionally, our data demonstrate the apparent binary differences in a complex behavior between the two species, such as individual recognition, likely involve incremental differences along a number of axes.
Inflammatory peeling skin syndrome caused by homozygous genomic deletion in the PSORS1 region encompassing the CDSN gene
Authors: Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Furio Laetitia , Igawa Satomi , Honma Masaru , Tron Elodie , Malan Valerie , Murakami Masamoto , Hovnanian Alain 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPeeling skin syndrome (PSS) type B is a rare recessive genodermatosis characterized by lifelong widespread, reddish peeling of the skin with pruritus. The disease is caused by small‐scale mutations in the Corneodesmosin gene (CDSN) leading to premature termination codons. We report for the first time a Japanese case resulting from complete deletion of CDSN. Corneodesmosin was undetectable in the epidermis, and CDSN was unamplifiable by PCR. QMPSF analysis demonstrated deletion of CDSN exons inherited from each parent. Deletion mapping using microsatellite haplotyping, CGH array and PCR analysis established that the genomic deletion spanned 49–72 kb between HCG22 and TCF19, removing CDSN as well as five other genes within the psoriasis susceptibility region 1 (PSORS1) on 6p21.33. This observation widens the spectrum of molecular defects underlying PSS type B and shows that loss of these five genes from the PSORS1 region does not result in an additional cutaneous phenotype.
Unsupported inferences of high‐severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: response to Williams and Baker
Authors: Fulé Peter Z. , Swetnam Thomas W. , Brown Peter M. , Falk Donald A. , Peterson David L. , Allen Craig D. , Aplet Gregory H. , Battaglia Mike A. , Binkley Dan , Farris Calvin , Keane Robert E. , Margolis Ellis Q. , Grissino‐Mayer Henri , Miller Carol , Sieg Carolyn Hull , Skinner Carl , Stephens Scott L. , Taylor Alan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReconstructions of dry western US forests in the late 19th century in Arizona, Colorado and Oregon based on General Land Office records were used by Williams & Baker (2012; Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1042–1052; hereafter W&B) to infer past fire regimes with substantial moderate and high‐severity burning. The authors concluded that present‐day large, high‐severity fires are not distinguishable from historical patterns. We present evidence of important errors in their study. First, the use of tree size distributions to reconstruct past fire severity and extent is not supported by empirical age–size relationships nor by studies that directly quantified disturbance history in these forests. Second, the fire severity classification of W&B is qualitatively different from most modern classification schemes, and is based on different types of data, leading to an inappropriate comparison. Third, we note that while W&B asserted ‘surprising’ heterogeneity in their reconstructions of stand density and species composition, their data are not substantially different from many previous studies which reached very different conclusions about subsequent forest and fire behaviour changes. Contrary to the conclusions of W&B, the preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that conservation of dry forest ecosystems in the western United States and their ecological, social and economic value is not consistent with a present‐day disturbance regime of large, high‐severity fires, especially under changing climate.
Human parainfluenza virus in patients with influenza‐like illness from Central and South America during 2006–2010
Authors: Villaran Manuel V. , García Josefina , Gomez Jorge , Arango Ana E. , Gonzales Marina , Chicaiza Wilson , Alemán Washington , Lorenzana de Rivera Ivette , Sanchez Felix , Aguayo Nicolas , Kochel Tadeusz J. , Halsey Eric S. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundHuman parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common viral causes of community‐acquired pneumonia, particularly in children. The four types of HPIV have world‐wide distribution; however, limited information exists about the epidemiological profile of HPIV in Latin‐America.ObjectiveProvide epidemiologic and phylogenetic information about HPIVs that circulated in Latin America between 2006 and 2010 to better characterize the extent and variability of this respiratory virus in the region.MethodsOropharyngeal swabs, demographic data and clinical characteristics were obtained from individuals with influenza‐like illness in 10 Latin‐American countries between 2006–2010. Specimens were analyzed with culture and molecular methods.ResultsA total of 30 561 individuals were enrolled; 991 (3·2%) were HPIV positive. Most infected participants were male (53·7%) and under 5 years of age (68·7%). The HPIV type most frequently isolated was HPIV‐3 (403, 40·7%). In 66/2007 (3·3%) hospitalized individuals, HPIV was identified. The most frequent symptoms at enrollment were cough and rhinorrhea. We identified certain patterns for HPIV‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 in specific cities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a homogeneous distribution in the region.ConclusionsIn the current scenario, no vaccine or treatment is available for this pathogen. Our results contribute to the scarce epidemiologic and phylogenetic information of HPIV in the region that could support the development of specific management.
MALE SLAVE SEXUALITY AND THE ABSENCE OF MORAL PANIC IN CLASSICAL ATHENS
Authors: TODD S. C. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A puzzling feature of slavery in Classical Athenian literature is the lack of attention paid to the sexuality of male slaves or ex-slaves. It is not that they are never depicted as sexual beings, but Athenian writers display much more interest in the sexuality of female than of male slaves, and even where the latter are presented in sexual terms, there is little sense that this might pose a threat to free-born women. To reduce the danger of using sources as proof-texts and ignoring the significance of literary genre, this paper is structured around an analysis of male slave sexuality in Old Comedy, more briefly New Comedy, and Oratory, with comparisons from other texts where appropriate. An extended conclusion explores possible explanations, focusing on differences between classical Athenian and modern US slavery.
Male fertility and varicocoele: role of immune factors
Authors: Bozhedomov V. A. , Lipatova N. A. , Rokhlikov I. M. , Alexeev R. A. , Ushakova I. V. , Sukhikh G. T. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe role of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the aetiopathogenesis of varicocoele‐related male infertility remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether varicocoele is associated with antisperm immune response and whether this factor provides additional affect on male fertility. We performed a multicentral, prospective study that included the clinical examination of 1639 male subjects from infertile couples and 90 fertile men, the evaluation of the absolute and relative risks of immune infertility associated with varicocoele and the impact of the autoimmune response on the semen quality. The methods used were as follows: standard examination of seminal fluid according to WHO criteria; ASA detection in seminal fluid using mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) and direct flow cytometry; measurement of spontaneous and ionophore‐induced acrosome reactions; oxidative stress evaluation with luminal‐dependent chemiluminescence method and evaluation of DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin dispersion. The prevalence of varicocoele‐related immune infertility is about 15% and does not depend on the grade of vein dilatation both in primary and secondary fertility disorders. Varicocoele is not an immediate cause of autoimmune reactions against spermatozoa, but is a cofactor increasing ASA risk; the OR of immune infertility after a testicular trauma in varicocoele patients increases twofold. In varicocoele patients, the autoimmune antisperm reaction is accompanied by a more significant decrease in the semen quality (concentration and number of progressively motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate), acrosome reaction disorders (presence of pre‐term spontaneous and lack of induced reactions) and an increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation. These disorders correlate with the level of sperm oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ASA‐positive varicocoele patients is 2.8 and 3.5 times higher than in ASA‐negative varicocoele patients and fertile men respectively. We did not find correlation between the grade of spermatic cord vein dilatation and ROS production.
Tetravalent Doping of CeO2: The Impact of Valence Electron Character on Group IV Dopant Influence
Authors: Vanpoucke D. E. P. , Cottenier S. , Van Speybroeck V. , Van Driessche I. , Bultinck P. 
Published: November 2013

Fluorite CeO2 doped with group IV elements is studied within the density functional theory (DFT) and DFT + U framework. Concentration‐dependent formation energies are calculated for Ce1−xZxO2 (Z = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Hf) with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 and a roughly decreasing trend with ionic radius is observed. The influence of the valence and near valence electronic configuration is discussed, indicating the importance of filled d and f shells near the Fermi level for all properties investigated. A clearly different behavior of group IVa and IVb dopants is observed: the former are more suitable for surface modifications and the latter are more suitable for bulk modifications. For the entire set of group IV dopants, there exists an inverse relation between the change, due to doping, of the bulk modulus, and the thermal expansion coefficients. Hirshfeld‐I atomic charges show that charge‐transfer effects due to doping are limited to the nearest‐neighbor oxygen atoms.
Sol–Gel Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic: HfB2
Authors: Venugopal Saranya , Boakye Emmanuel E. , Paul Anish , Keller Kristin , Mogilevsky Pavel , Vaidhyanathan Bala , Binner Jon G. P. , Katz Allan , Brown Peter M. 
Published: November 2013

Hafnium diboride (HfB2) powder has been synthesized via a sol–gel‐based route using phenolic resin, hafnium chloride, and boric acid as the source of carbon, hafnium, and boron, respectively, though a small number of comparative experiments involved amorphous boron as boron source. The effects of heat‐treatment dwell time and hafnium:carbon (Hf:C) and hafnium:boron (Hf:B) molar ratio on the purity and morphology of the final powder have been studied and the mechanism of HfB2 formation investigated using several techniques. The results showed that while temperatures as low as 1300°C could be used to produce HfB2 particles, the heat treatment needed to last for about 25 h. This in turn resulted in anisotropic particle growth along the c‐axis of the HfB2 crystals yielding tube‐like structures of about 10 μm long. Equiaxed particles 1–2 μm in size were obtained when the precursor was heat treated at 1600°C for 2 h. The reaction mechanism involved boro/carbothermal reduction and the indications were that the formation of HfB2 at 1300°C is through the intermediate formation of an amorphous B or boron suboxides, although at higher temperatures more than one reaction mechanism may be active.
Heidegger, lived experience and method
Authors: Paley John 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimA discussion of the assumption that Heidegger's philosophy in Being And Time provides a warrant for the study of lived experience.BackgroundIt is generally assumed, in nursing as in other disciplines, that Heidegger's philosophy points, uncontroversially, to the study of lived experience. It is also assumed that studies of this type will take the form of qualitative interviews which seek to explore the respondent's experience of a particular phenomenon and to elicit the meanings which the individual concerned attaches to that experience.Data sourcesBeing And Time; the philosophical literature on Heidegger since 1999; the literature of experimental social psychology, 1970–2012.ConclusionsAccording to Heidegger, there is no such thing as ‘lived experience’. The concept is embedded in the subject–object dualism that he is attempting to dismantle. In Heideggerian terms, interviews intended to explore ‘lived experience’ can only reproduce the voice of das Man, the ‘They’, not the voice of unique individuals. Methods more in keeping with Heidegger's philosophy include observation, naturalistic experiments, some forms of discourse analysis and conceptually associated lines of enquiry involving vocabularies of motive, scripts and the performative aspects of language use.Implications for NursingNursing researchers who wish to embrace Heidegger's philosophy as a basis for their work should abandon ‘lived experience’ interviews and adopt one of the alternative methods suggested above. Nursing researchers who wish to continue with ‘lived experience’ interviews should seek an alternative philosophical or theoretical basis for their work.
One‐minute mental status examination for category fluency is more useful than mini‐mental state examination to evaluate the reliability of insulin self‐injection in elderly diabetic patients
Authors: Yajima Ken , Matsushita Takaya , Sumitomo Hidetaka , Sakurai Hirofumi , Katayama Takashi , Kanno Kazuo , Sakai Masashi , Shigeta Masayuki , Shirabe Shinichiro , Nakano Tadasumi , Nishimura Kazuhiro , Ueki Akio , Kitaoka Masafumi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the factors associated with the reliability of insulin self‐injection in elderly diabetic patients receiving insulin therapy.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled diabetic patients aged ≥65 years and receiving insulin therapy, and assessed their cognitive function by the mini‐mental state examination and 1‐min mental status examination for category fluency. We also observed their technique of insulin self‐injection, and evaluated whether or not patients were able to inject insulin by themselves according to nine defined details in terms of insulin self‐injection. The predictive factors for the reliability of insulin self‐injection were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were 278 participants (135 males, 143 females) enrolled in the present study.ResultsAccording to multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the 1‐min mental status examination score was found to be a significant independent predictor of the reliability of insulin self‐injection (odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.90; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe 1‐min mental status examination for category fluency can be considered more useful than mini‐mental state examination to evaluate the reliability of insulin self‐injection in elderly diabetic patients receiving insulin therapy.
Association of hypertension status and cardiovascular risks with sympathovagal imbalance in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics
Authors: Pal Gopal Krushna , Adithan Chandrasekaran , Dutta Tarun Kumar , Pal Pravati , Nanda Nivedita , Lalitha Venugopal , Syamsunder Avupati Naga 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionAs reports show cardiovascular (CV) risks in first‐degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetics, and autonomic imbalance predisposing to CV risks, in the present study we have assessed the contribution of sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) to CV risks in these subjects.Materials and MethodsBody mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), basal heart rate (BHR), blood pressure (BP), rate pressure product (RPP), and spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were reordered and analyzed in FDR of type 2 diabetics (study group, n = 293) and in subjects with no family history of diabetes (control group, n = 405).ResultsThe ratio of low‐frequency (LF) to high‐frequency (HF) power of HRV (LF–HF), a sensitive marker of SVI, was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the study group compared with the control group. The SVI in the study group was due to concomitant sympathetic activation (increased LF) and vagal inhibition (decreased HF). In the study group, the LF–HF ratio was significantly correlated with BMI, WHR, BHR, BP and RPP. Multiple regression analysis showed an independent contribution of LF–HF to hypertension status (P = 0.000), and bivariate logistic regression showed significant prediction (odds ratio 2.16, confidence interval 1.130–5.115) of LF–HF to increased RPP, the marker of CV risk, in the study group.ConclusionsSympathovagal imbalance in the form of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity is present in FDR of type 2 diabetics. Increased resting heart rate, elevated hypertension status, decreased HRV and increased RPP in these subjects make them vulnerable to CV risks. SVI in these subjects contributes to CV risks independent of the degree of adiposity.
Low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes: Data from the Hawaii–Los Angeles–Hiroshima study
Authors: Hirano Masatoshi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Kubota Mitsunobu , Maeda Shusaku , Yoneda Masayasu , Yamane Kiminori , Kira Sakurako , Sasaki Hideo , Kohno Nobuoki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionA low level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is a common feature of metabolic syndrome. We have reported that Japanese–Americans who share a virtually identical genetic makeup with native Japanese, but who have lived Westernized lifestyles for decades, have lower HDLC levels and a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with native Japanese. However, the impact of low HDLC level on type 2 diabetes is unclear. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether serum HDLC level was associated with development of type 2 diabetes and if the effect might be modified by lifestyle.Materials and MethodsWe examined 1,133 non‐diabetic Japanese–Americans and 1,072 non‐diabetic Japanese, who underwent the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were followed for an average of 8.8 and 7.0 years, respectively. We analyzed whether serum HDLC level is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes based on the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAfter adjustment for age and sex, hazard ratios for development of type 2 diabetes per unit of serum HDLC level (mmol/L) were 0.292 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.186–0.458, P < 0.0001) among Japanese–Americans and 0.551 (95% CI 0.375–0.88, P = 0.0023) among native Japanese. Comparable hazard ratios after further adjustment for category of OGTT and body mass index were 0.981 (95% CI 0.970–0.993, P = 0.0018) and 0.991 (95% CI 0.980–1.002, P = 0.112), respectively.ConclusionsHDLC level was associated with development of type 2 diabetes in both Japanese–Americans and native Japanese. However, these results suggest that the impact of high‐density lipoprotein on glucose metabolism might be affected by lifestyle.