bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does dissection influence weight bias among doctor of physical therapy students?
Authors: Rompolski Krista , Pascoe Michael A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnatomy with human dissection may help to develop respect for the human body and professionalism; however, dissection may worsen students' attitudes about body weight and adiposity. The purpose of this study was to measure weight bias among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students enrolled in gross anatomy and determine if, and how the experience of dissection impacts weight bias. Ninety‐seven DPT students (70 University of Colorado [CU], 27 Moravian University [MU]) were invited to complete a survey during the first and final weeks of their anatomy course. The survey included demographic items, two measures of weight bias—the Modified Weight Bias Internalized Scale (M‐WBIS) and the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) Scale—and open‐ended questions for the students who participated in dissection (CU students) that explored attitudes about body weight and adiposity. At baseline, there were no significant differences (p > 0.202) in ATOP, M‐WBIS, or BMI between the two universities. The mean scores on both the ATOP and M‐WBIS indicated a moderate degree of both internalized and externalized weight bias. There were no significant changes in ATOP (p = 0.566) or M‐WBIS scores (p = 0.428). BMI had a low correlation with initial M‐WBIS scores (⍴ = 0.294, p = 0.038) and a high correlation with change scores in CU students (⍴ = 0.530, p = 0.011). Future studies should utilize the same measures of weight bias in other healthcare trainees to facilitate comparison and incorporate larger populations of DPT students.
Who posts the advertisement: The influence of advertising authorship on in‐feed advertising effectiveness
Authors: Ma Chenya , Zhou Hang , Wang Ling , Jiang Yushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvertisers typically publish in‐feed ads with two types of authorship: brand or influencer, yet little is known about the effectiveness of in‐feed ads between these two authors. In this study, we investigated the interactions and mechanisms of ad authorship (brand vs. influencer) and brand type (luxury vs. mass) on advertising effectiveness, and tested the moderating effect of upward social comparison based on the stereotype content model. A pilot study, by coding the secondary data from Most Liked WeChat Moment Ads, found that a greater proportion of luxury (vs. mass) brands were authored by brands (vs. influencers). Study 1 used eye tracking technique to identify the interactive effect of ad authorship and brand type on visual attention. Study 2 further identified perceived competence and warmth as mediators. Study 3 verified the moderating effect of upward social comparison on the above effects. This paper contributes to the theoretical literature on in‐feed advertising by showing the interactive effect of advertising authorship and brand types on advertising effectiveness. It also offers valuable insights for luxury or mass brands on strategically leveraging the brand itself or influencer for advertising.
Chemical Modification of Insulin Using Flow Chemistry
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Mishra Narendra Kumar , Martos‐Maldonado Manuel C. , Roholm Sandie , Sørensen Kasper K. , Jensen Knud J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChemical modification of proteins is of growing importance to generate new molecular probes for chemical biology and for the development of new biopharmaceuticals. For example, two approved, long‐acting insulin variants are lipidated at the LysB29 side‐chain. Acylations of proteins have so far been performed in batch‐mode. Here we describe the use of flow chemistry for site‐selective acylation of a small protein, insulin. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on flow chemistry for chemical modification of insulin. The first step was to develop reaction conditions for acylation of Lys B29 that gave a soluble mixture and thus was compatible with flow chemistry in a microreactor; this included selection of a soluble base. Secondly, the conditions, such as reagent ratios and flow rate were optimized. Third, the use of these conditions for the acylation with a wide range of acids was demonstrated. Finally, Boc‐protected insulins were synthesized. Insulin remained stable towards these flow chemistry conditions. This use of flow chemistry for the chemical modification of insulin opens the prospect of producing chemically modified biopharmaceuticals by flow chemistry with fewer byproducts.
A framework for incorporating behavioural change into individual‐level spatial epidemic models
Authors: Ward Madeline A. , Deardon Rob , Deeth Lorna E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpidemic trajectories can be substantially impacted by people modifying their behaviours in response to changes in their perceived risk of spreading or contracting the disease. However, most infectious disease models assume a stable population behaviour. We present a flexible new class of models, called behavioural change individual‐level models (BC‐ILMs), that incorporate both individual‐level covariate information and a data‐driven behavioural change effect. Focusing on spatial BC‐ILMs, we consider four “alarm” functions to model the effect of behavioural change as a function of infection prevalence over time. Through simulation studies, we find that if behavioural change is present, using an alarm function, even if specified incorrectly, will result in an improvement in posterior predictive performance over a model that assumes stable population behaviour. The methods are applied to data from the 2001 U.K. foot and mouth disease epidemic. The results show some evidence of a behavioural change effect, although it may not meaningfully impact model fit compared to a simpler spatial ILM in this dataset.
Fast and scalable inference for spatial extreme value models
Authors: Chen Meixi , Ramezan Reza , Lysy Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is a popular model for analyzing and forecasting extreme weather data. To increase prediction accuracy, spatial information is often pooled via a latent Gaussian process (GP) on the GEV parameters. Inference for GEV‐GP models is typically carried out using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, or using approximate inference methods such as the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). However, MCMC becomes prohibitively slow as the number of spatial locations increases, whereas INLA is applicable in practice only to a limited subset of GEV‐GP models. In this article, we revisit the original Laplace approximation for fitting spatial GEV models. In combination with a popular sparsity‐inducing spatial covariance approximation technique, we show through simulations that our approach accurately estimates the Bayesian predictive distribution of extreme weather events, is scalable to several thousand spatial locations, and is several orders of magnitude faster than MCMC. A case study in forecasting extreme snowfall across Canada is presented.
Adhesion, Stability and Electronic Properties of Ag/SnO2 Interface from First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Xu Yunhui , Li Jintao , Teng Wensong , Cui Defeng , Zhou Xiaolong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interfacial bonding state between each oxide and the silver matrix in AgCuOIn2O3SnO2 electrical contact materials remains unclear. To address this, first‐principles calculations using density‐functional theory are employed to establish the low‐index surfaces of Ag and SnO2 and perform convergence tests. Computational results reveal that the Ag (111) surface and the SnO2(110)‐O surface exhibit the highest stability among their respective low‐index surfaces. Consequently, these surfaces are chosen to form the interfacial model, and their atomic structure, adhesion work, and interfacial energies are systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that the stability and interfacial bonding strength of the Ag(111)/SnO2(110)‐O interface are high, exhibiting metallic properties and strong conductivity. Moreover, at an interface spacing of d0 = 2.4 Å, the interface stability is optimal. The redistribution of charge at the interface induces significant changes in the local atomic density of states, particularly noticeable in the Ag and O atoms. Additionally, the Ag/SnO2 interface is predominantly bonded through ionic interactions, contributing to its robust bonding.
Modified third‐order sliding mode control with adaptive gains for a multiphase PMSG wind turbine under double‐phase open fault
Authors: Bounadja Elhadj , Belhadj Djilali Abdelkadir , Yahdou Adil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWind energy production systems (WEPS) are increasingly vital in the transition to renewable energy sources, with permanent magnetic synchronous generators (PMSG) being widely adopted due to their high efficiency and reliability. Developing robust control methods is essential to ensure that WEPS operate efficiently even under adverse conditions. This study focuses on optimizing control strategies for WEPS utilizing a 5‐phase PMSG and addresses challenges posed by double‐phase open fault (DPOF) scenarios. Unlike conventional second‐order sliding mode control (SOSMC) based on the super‐twisting algorithm (STA), the proposed method enhances performance by elevating the sliding surface time derivative degree to a third order and modifying the discontinuous term of STA with an arctangent function, promising to reduce chattering effects. Additionally, an adaptation law adjusts the improved STA gains, forming adaptive‐gain third‐order sliding mode control (AG‐TOSMC), which outperforms SOSMC under various disturbances such as wind speed fluctuations, parameter changes, and DPOF scenarios. The AG‐TOSMC enhances the quality of active and reactive power by reducing fluctuation ratios compared with the SOSMC. The efficiency of WEPS increases to 98.5% with AG‐TOSMC, surpassing the 93.5% achieved with SOSMC. Additionally, a DPOF test confirms the aptitude of the 5‐phase PMSG to work under degraded circumstances, supplying appropriate electrical power to the network without significant adverse effects. Numerical simulations validate the efficiency of the suggested WEPS and its control, demonstrating superior performance achieved with AG‐TOSMC.
Bound and resonance states of highly charged H‐ and He‐like ions under weakly coupled plasma environment
Authors: Mondal S. , Sil A. N. , Dutta S. , Nandi S. , Mukhopadhyay T. K. , Saha J. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe position of bound () states as well as doubly excited resonance , () states of symmetry has been determined for highly charged He‐like ions (, , , , , and Ar16+) along with their respective one‐electron thresholds (, , and ) under weakly coupled plasma environment. These particular ions and their respective charge states are selected due to their frequent occurrence in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Ritz variational method with multi‐exponent explicitly correlated Hylleraas type basis and pure‐exponential basis set are adopted for tackling He‐ and H‐like ions, respectively. The resonance width of a few low‐lying resonance states is determined using the stabilization method under different plasma conditions. Ionization potential depression is noted for both the bound and resonance states of the plasma‐embedded ions. It is evident that the width (or the lifetime) of the considered resonance states originating from different dominant configurations follows different patterns w.r.t. the plasma screening length.
The effect of years of schooling and age on CERAD‐MX performance in Mexican preclinical carriers of the APPV717I mutation: Randomized data simulation
Authors: Zuno‐Reyes Angélica , Pérez‐Rubio Karina , Flores‐González Martín Alonso , Torres Ricardo Jauregui , Dumois‐Petersen Sofía , Figuera Luis E. , Ringman John M. , Matute Esmeralda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to determine the effect of years of schooling (YoS) and age on the Mexican adaptation of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD‐MX) scores in preclinical carriers group (PCG) and non‐carriers group (NCG) of the APPV717I mutation.METHODSWe included 39 first‐degree Mexican relatives of APPV717I carriers (PCG = 15; NCG = 24). We report eight CERAD‐MX tasks: Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Word List Learning (WLL), Delayed Recall (WLD) and Recognition (WLR), Constructional Praxis Copy (CPC) and Recall (CPR), Semantic Verbal Fluency (SVF), and Verbal Boston Naming (VBN), comparing both groups’ performance and simulating new samples’ random vectors by inverse transform sampling.RESULTSPCG and NCG performed similarly on CERAD‐MX. In both groups, YoS and age influence all z scores. A positive age effect resulted for PCG on CPC and SVF; for the NCG on MMSE, SVF, and VBN.DISCUSSIONAll tasks are influenced by YoS. Higher YoS/younger age or YoS/older age interactions affected different tasks, suggesting that YoS confounds outcomes.Highlights
Years of schooling (YoS) and age affect the Mexican adaptation of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease scores of APPV717I preclinical carriers.
Preclinical carriers underperformed non‐carriers on Constructional Praxis Recall.
Fewer YoS emerges as a confounding variable when detecting cognitive failures.
Younger participants in both groups overperformed the older ones in the Memory tasks.
Randomized data simulation increases statistical power when analyzing rare diseases.
The impacts of fire vary among vertical strata: Responses of ant communities to long‐term experimental burning
Authors: Brassard François , Murphy Brett P. , Andersen Alan N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFire is a powerful tool for conservation management at a landscape scale, but a rigorous evidence base is often lacking for understanding its impacts on biodiversity in different biomes. Fire‐induced changes to habitat openness have been identified as an underlying driver of responses of faunal communities, including for ants. However, most studies of the impacts of fire on ant communities consider only epigeic (foraging on the soil surface) species, which may not reflect the responses of species inhabiting other vertical strata. Here, we examine how the responses of ant communities vary among vertical strata in a highly fire‐prone biome. We use a long‐term field experiment to quantify the effects of fire on the abundance, richness, and composition of ant assemblages of four vertical strata (subterranean, leaf litter, epigeic, and arboreal) in an Australian tropical savanna. We first document the extent to which each stratum harbors distinct assemblages. We then assess how the assemblage of each stratum responds to three fire‐related predictors: fire frequency, fire activity, and vegetation cover. Each stratum harbored a distinct ant assemblage and showed different responses to fire. Leaf litter and epigeic ants were most sensitive to fire because it directly affects their microhabitats, but they showed contrasting negative and positive responses, respectively. Subterranean ants were the least sensitive because of the insulating effects of soil. Our results show that co‐occurring species of the same taxonomic group differ in the strength and direction of their response to fire depending on the stratum they inhabit. As such, effective fire management for biodiversity conservation should consider species in all vertical strata.
Revisiting the ecology and evolution of burying beetle behavior (Staphylinidae: Silphinae)
Authors: Potticary Ahva L. , Belk Mark C. , Creighton J. Curtis , Ito Minobu , Kilner Rebecca , Komdeur Jan , Royle Nick J. , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Schrader Matthew , Shen Sheng‐Feng , Sikes Derek S. , Smiseth Per T. , Smith Rosemary , Steiger Sandra , Trumbo Stephen T. , Moore Allen J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvestigating fundamental processes in biology requires the ability to ground broad questions in species‐specific natural history. This is particularly true in the study of behavior because an organism's experience of the environment will influence the expression of behavior and the opportunity for selection. Here, we provide a review of the natural history and behavior of burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus to provide the groundwork for comparative work that showcases their remarkable behavioral and ecological diversity. Burying beetles have long fascinated scientists because of their well‐developed parenting behavior, exhibiting extended post‐hatching care of offspring that varies extensively within and across taxa. Despite the burgeoning success of burying beetles as a model system for the study of behavioral evolution, there has not been a review of their behavior, ecology, and evolution in over 25 years. To address this gap, we leverage a developing community of researchers who have contributed to a detailed knowledge of burying beetles to highlight the utility of Nicrophorus for investigating the causes and consequences of social and behavioral evolution.
Sexual selection and life history interact to influence the evolution of paternal care
Authors: de Blonk Taya , Udu Isimeme N. , Bonsall Michael B. , Klug Hope 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParental care is essential to offspring survival in many species. Understanding why males of some species provide care, whereas others do not, has received substantial attention. Previous research has found that sexual selection can favor paternal care, yet we still do not fully understand why sexual selection favors male care in some species but not others. It is also unclear when paternal care versus other preferred male trait(s) will be favored by sexual selection. We hypothesize that sexual selection can interact with basic life history to influence the conditions under which paternal care and/or another preferred male trait will be favored by sexual selection. We used a mathematical approach in which males alone provide parental care and exhibit a non‐care trait that is preferred in mate choice. Using this approach, we demonstrate that life‐history characteristics (stage‐specific mortality, fertilization success, gamete numbers) can interact with sexual selection to influence the evolution of paternal care and/or a preferred non‐care trait. In particular, whether (1) adult mortality, egg mortality, and fertilization success are high versus low and (2) a tradeoff exists between paternal care and a non‐care preferred trait will influence whether selection most strongly favors additional paternal care or a non‐care preferred trait. In general, we would expect strong selection for more male care when it is preferred in mate choice. In some cases, mate preferences for paternal care can inhibit selection for a preferred non‐care trait. Mate preferences for paternal care can also broaden the life‐history conditions under which we would expect the elaboration of male care to occur.
Feasibility study of a single‐primer extension‐based microhaplotype NGS system
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Shu Panyin , Wang Haoyu , Wei Yifan , Wang Yuting , Wang Yufang , Zhang Ji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDNA degradation has been a thorny problem in forensic science. Shortening the amplicon length of the genetic markers improves the analysis of degraded DNA effectively. Microhaplotype (MH) has been proposed as a potential genetic marker that can be used for degraded DNA analysis. In the present study, a 146‐plex MH‐next‐generation sequencing (NGS) system with an average Ae of 6.876 was constructed. Unlike other MH studies, a single‐primer extension (SPE)‐based NGS library preparation method was used to improve the detection of MH markers for degraded DNA. SPE employs a locus‐specific and universal primer to amplify target fragments, reducing the necessity for complete fragment sequences. SPE might effectively mitigate the impact of degradation on amplification. However, SPE produces amplicons of varying lengths, posing challenges in allele calling for SPE‐NGS data. To address this issue, this study proposed a flexible allele‐calling strategy to improve amplicon detection. In addition, this study evaluated the forensic efficacy of the system using 12 low‐template samples (from 1 ng to 7.8 pg), 10 mock‐degraded DNA with various degrees of degradation, and 8 forensic casework samples. When the template is as low as 7.8 pg, our system can accurately detect at least 37 loci and achieves a random match probability (RMP) of 10−30 using the complete allele‐calling strategy. Eighty‐two loci can be detected, and RMP can reach 10−54 using a flexible allele‐calling strategy. After 150 min of 98°C treatment, 36 loci can still be detected, and an RMP of 10−5 can be obtained using the flexible allele‐calling strategy. Furthermore, the number of single nucleotide polymorphism detected at different DNA amounts and degradation levels suggests that the SPE method combined with a flexible allele‐calling strategy is effective.
Collaborative operation strategy of multiple microenergy grids considering demand‐side energy‐sharing behavior
Authors: Mao Yunshou , Wan Kai , Xu Deming , Long Dafeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, as the energy market continues to change, an emerging business model is gradually emerging as an energy provider (EP). The participation of EP as an independent entity in the distribution network investment model not only helps realize a win–win situation for multiple stakeholders but also promotes the innovation and sustainable development of the energy industry. However, in the energy system, EPs, grids, microenergy grids (MEGs), and shared energy storage service providers usually belong to different stakeholders, and their respective pursuit of profit maximization can easily lead to uncontrolled competition, which greatly reduces market efficiency. To address the varying ownership structures within the energy system, a refined bilevel coordinated optimization operation model is introduced, rooted in the master–slave game theory. In this model, the EP assumes the role of the master, while the MEG operator and the shared energy storage operator (SESO) act as slaves. A peer‐to‐peer energy‐sharing mechanism between MEGs and an energy trading mechanism between MEGs and shared energy storage is used to further increase the local consumption rate of new energy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only boosts the revenues of an EP, SESO, and MEG operators but also effectively accounts for the MEG's energy storage needs and SESOs' profitability.