bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static, dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of ultra-high performance cementitious composites
Authors: Zhang Wenhua , Zhang Yunsheng , Zhang Guorong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new type of construction material named ultra-high performance cementitious composite (UHPCC) was developed in order to reduce the production cost and energy consumption of reactive powder concrete (RPC). Six different mixture proportions of UHPCC were designed, and their properties, including workability (slump test), static mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexure strength), and dynamic mechanical properties (dynamic compressive strength, toughness and fracture pattern), were investigated. Finally, the microstructure of the UHPCC was studied. The experiment result indicate that the compressive and flexural strength of UHPCC can reach 150–200 MPa and 15–50 MPa under standard curing conditions, respectively, which is close to RPC200. Besides, the steel fiber has significant improvement on mechanical properties of UHPCC. The dynamic impact test results show that UHPCC has obvious strain rate effects. Besides, UHPCC exhibits excellent properties to resist dynamic impact. The microstructure investigation showed that UHPCC has dense microstructures and very strong bonds of the interfacial transition zone between cementitious paste and fine aggregate steel fiber.
Did the Financial Crisis Save the Red-Green Government in the 2009 Norwegian Election – the Dissatisfaction with Rising Expectations Superseded By a Grace Period?
Authors: Jenssen Anders Todal , Kalstø Åshild Male 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAccording to much of the voluminous literature on economic voting, governments are rewarded or punished for their economic policies as a consequence of economic changes. Economic problems decrease the chance of re-election, whereas good times improve the incumbent’s chances. The last three national elections in Norway give evidence to the contrary. In the 2001 and 2005 elections all economic indicators pointed upwards, but the governments were nevertheless voted out of office. In 2009 the international financial crisis challenged the Norwegian economy, but the government was still re-elected. We argue that this must be explained by introducing two new factors into the economic voting argument: the role of the media and the role of popular expectations. According to the sociotropic voter argument, voters assess the national economy, rather than their personal economy, when they decide how to vote. We argue that sociotropic voters rely heavily on the media as their source of information. In a complex economy, the voter’s personal experience is of little relevance when it comes to assessing the government’s economic policies. The media also form people’s expectations. In 2001 and 2005 expectations exceeded the economic output, whereas in 2009, the public’s expectations were well below the government’s ability to deliver, creating a rare grace period for the governing parties. A content analysis of two major newspapers demonstrates that the financial crisis dominated the media agenda for more than three months, and that the tone in the coverage was positive towards the government during this period. A significant change in party support in this period is demonstrated through auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling of a time series based on opinion polls.
Neo-liberalism, Semi-clientelism and the Politics of Scale in Mexican Anti-poverty Policies
Authors: Luccisano Lucy , Macdonald Laura 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article examines the implications of the multi-scalar politics of Mexican anti-poverty policy for the long-term process of democratization. The federal anti-poverty policy, Progresa/Oportunidades, was designed to eliminate traditional clientelistic practices. While more obvious practices of pork-barrel politics have been eliminated in poverty alleviation programs, continued practices of top-down processes of program design and implementation strategies have resulted in the emergence of semi-clientelism. Argued in this paper is that municipal and state political actors have responded to these federal policies in ways that may or may not promote deeper levels of democracy, and which have led to the reconstitution of semi-clientelism. The paper draws upon recent revisionist approaches to political clientelism, and introduces a multi-scalar approach borrowed from political geography. Based on this theoretical approach, the article examines the role of state and municipal authorities in the delivery of federal anti-poverty benefits within the Oportunidades conditional cash transfer program.
Decision Costs and Welfare Effects of Democratic Voting Rules: an Experimental Analysis
Authors: Glassmann Ulrich , Sauermann Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhat impact do majority rule and unanimity rule have on welfare and decision costs? According to Buchanan and Tullock ([1962] 1999) the unanimity principle must be regarded as a democratic norm, because it guarantees Pareto-efficient welfare effects. We present experimental results from a public goods game, which demonstrate in contrast to this assumption that majority rule can produce greater welfare effects than unanimity rule. This result suggests a critical revision of theoretical approaches which narrow the legiti­macy of majority rule in this respect.
On Ligand Binding Energies in Porphyrinic Systems
Authors: Schalk Oliver , Liang Yu , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Energy decomposition analysis is a powerful tool to study the bond properties of molecules. Here, we used a recent implementation by P. Su and H. Li (J. Chem. Phys. 131 (2009) 014102) to test the method for investigations of ligand binding to medium sized molecules (30–40 atoms). We studied the properties of the bond between porphyrins or phthalocyanines with central metals without (Mg) or with a closed d shell (Zn and Cd) to ligands binding via various row II and III atoms (nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur) using various methods and basis sets. Several interesting results could be deduced: In the porphyrins, ligands binding via a nitrogen atom were preferred to those binding via oxygen and sixfold coordination was readily available for magnesium as central metal atom as opposed to zinc and cadmium derivatives which also showed a weaker bond strength. In phthalocyanines, a tendency to form fivefold coordination was also seen for magnesium compounds and bonds to nitrogen and oxygen had the same strength. Ligation to row III elements created only weak bonds that were prone to fluctuations.
Measurements of the Potentials of Zero Free Charge and Zero Total Charge for 1-thio- ± bβ-D-glucose and DPTL Modified Au(111) Surface in Different Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Su Zhangfei , Leitch Jay , Lipkowski Jacek 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The immersion method was used to measure the potential of zero free charge (E
pzfc) of a bare Au(111) electrode and the electrode modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-thio-β-D-glucose (β-Tg) and 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-tetraethylene glycol-D,L-α-lipoic acid ester (DPTL). The measurements were performed in three electrolyte solutions: 0.1 M NaH2PO4, 0.1 MKClO4 and 0.1 M NaF. The E
pzc of the Au(111) electrode has different values in these electrolyte solutions due to the specific adsorption of phosphate and fluoride anions on the Au(111) surface. In contrast, when the gold surface is covered by a SAM of β-Tg, the adsorption of anions is suppressed and similar values of E
pzfc were measured in the three electrolytes. Additional chronocoulometric experiments were performed to determine the potentials of the zero total charge (E
pztc) for the thiol covered electrode. Significant differences between numerical values of potentials of the zero free charge E
pzfc and potentials of the zero total charge E
pztc were observed.
14N–1H Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy of Organic Solids
Authors: Tatton Andrew S. , Bradley Jonathan P. , Iuga Dinu , Brown Steven P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

14N–1H heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation (HMQC) solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra recorded at a 1H Larmor frequency of 850 MHz are presented for the dipeptide β-AspAla. A modified version of the pulse sequence presented by Gan et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 435 (2007) 163) that utilises rotary resonance recoupling (R3) at the n = 2 condition (ν
1 = 2ν
R
) is employed. Spectra recorded with a short recoupling period (under 200 μs) show two correlation peaks corresponding to the NH and NH3 moieties in the dipeptide. The quadrupolar product, P
Q = C
Q √ [1 + (η
Q
2/3)], is determined experimentally as 3.1 MHz (NH) and 1.0 MHz (NH3) by a comparison of the 14N and 15N isotropic chemical shifts which differ due to the isotropic second-order quadrupolar shift for the spin I = 1 14N nucleus. It is shown that the peak sensitivities increase markedly upon increasing the MAS frequency from 30 to 45 to 60 kHz due to a combination of the reduced residual dipolar broadening of the 1H resonances and a lengthening of the coherence lifetimes under R
3
recoupling. Increasing the recoupling period leads to the observation of additional peaks corresponding to longer range intra- and intermolecular NH proximities. Reasonable agreement is evident upon comparing the experimental build-up of correlation peak intensity to that observed for eight-spin density-matrix simulations.
Structure and Function in the Budding Yeast Nucleus
Authors: Taddei Angela , Gasser Susan M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Budding yeast, like other eukaryotes, carries its genetic information on chromosomes that are sequestered from other cellular constituents by a double membrane, which forms the nucleus. An elaborate molecular machinery forms large pores that span the double membrane and regulate the traffic of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus. In multicellular eukaryotes, an intermediate filament meshwork formed of lamin proteins bridges from pore to pore and helps the nucleus reform after mitosis. Yeast, however, lacks lamins, and the nuclear envelope is not disrupted during yeast mitosis. The mitotic spindle nucleates from the nucleoplasmic face of the spindle pole body, which is embedded in the nuclear envelope. Surprisingly, the kinetochores remain attached to short microtubules throughout interphase, influencing the position of centromeres in the interphase nucleus, and telomeres are found clustered in foci at the nuclear periphery. In addition to this chromosomal organization, the yeast nucleus is functionally compartmentalized to allow efficient gene expression, repression, RNA processing, genomic replication, and repair. The formation of functional subcompartments is achieved in the nucleus without intranuclear membranes and depends instead on sequence elements, protein–protein interactions, specific anchorage sites at the nuclear envelope or at pores, and long-range contacts between specific chromosomal loci, such as telomeres. Here we review the spatial organization of the budding yeast nucleus, the proteins involved in forming nuclear subcompartments, and evidence suggesting that the spatial organization of the nucleus is important for nuclear function.
The SelfishSegregation DistorterGene Complex ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Larracuente Amanda M , Presgraves Daven C 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSegregation Distorter (SD) is an autosomal meiotic drive gene complex found worldwide in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. During spermatogenesis, SD induces dysfunction of SD+ spermatids so that SD/SD+ males sire almost exclusively SD-bearing progeny rather than the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio. SD is thus evolutionarily “selfish,” enhancing its own transmission at the expense of its bearers. Here we review the molecular and evolutionary genetics of SD. Genetic analyses show that the SD is a multilocus gene complex involving two key loci—the driver, Segregation distorter (Sd), and the target of drive, Responder (Rsp)—and at least three upward modifiers of distortion. Molecular analyses show that Sd encodes a truncated duplication of the gene RanGAP, whereas Rsp is a large pericentromeric block of satellite DNA. The Sd–RanGAP protein is enzymatically wild type but mislocalized within cells and, for reasons that remain unclear, appears to disrupt the histone-to-protamine transition in drive-sensitive spermatids bearing many Rsp satellite repeats but not drive-insensitive spermatids bearing few or no Rsp satellite repeats. Evolutionary analyses show that the Sd–RanGAP duplication arose recently within the D. melanogaster lineage, exploiting the preexisting and considerably older Rsp satellite locus. Once established, the SD haplotype collected enhancers of distortion and suppressors of recombination. Further dissection of the molecular genetic and cellular basis of SD-mediated distortion seems likely to provide insights into several important areas currently understudied, including the genetic control of spermatogenesis, the maintenance and evolution of satellite DNAs, the possible roles of small interfering RNAs in the germline, and the molecular population genetics of the interaction of genetic linkage and natural selection.
Limiting Reciprocity among Relatives: Theoretical Implications of a Serendipitous Finding
Authors: Farber Bernard 
Published: September 2012

This article draws some theoretical implications of the findings of a factor analysis of a scale for indicating the extent to which people embrace an axiom of amity (or prescriptive altruism) in kinship ties. Separate analyses were undertaken of two samples of persons aged sixty or over—one in Budapest, Hungary and the other American. The analysis yielded an unexpected pattern of results, namely, that the axiom of amity and the presupposition of distrust of kin refer to two separate factors. The results suggest that a duality exists in the minds of the interviewees in their conception of kinship reciprocity. The presupposition of distrust of relatives lends itself to two alternative interpretations. In the Hungarian sample, the items with thehighest loadings on the Distrust factor dealt with exploitation by kin, and generally the Hungarians reported more agreement than did the United States with statements that kin are exploitive. In the U.S. sample, the items with the highest loadings on the Distrust factor refer to unfairness and incommensurability in exchange, and the U.S. sample reported more agreement with statements that exchanges among kin are unfair. One interpretation of these tendencies derives from the conceptualization of kinship as an element in a social system. The second interpretation is derived from the proposition that kinship systems express basic paradigms of exchange prevalent in a society.
Liquid crystal cell for space-borne laser rangefinder to space mission applications
Authors: Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Jaroszewicz L. , Raszewski Z. , Soms L. , Piecek W. , Perkowski P. , Kędzierski J. , Dąbrowski R. , Olifierczuk M. , Garbat K. , Miszczyk E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLiquid crystal cell (LCC) for space-borne laser rangefinder to space mission applications was developed, manufactured and tested under cooperation between Military University of Technology (MUT) in Poland and Vavilov State Optical Institute (Vavilov SOI) in Russia. LCC operates in twisted nematic mode, commutating the polarization plane of a laser beam working at 1.064 μm and the energy density not smaller than 0,15 J/cm2 at the pulse duration about 8 ns. The transmission of LCC is not smaller than 95% at the aperture diameter not less than 15 mm. Switching on and switching off times in a 2.5-μm thick LCC driven by voltage of 10 V are not larger than 0.7 ms and 7 ms, respectively, in the operating temperature range from 20°C to 40°C. The LCCs developed in MUT were positively tested under space requirements in Vavilov SOI.
Automatic Continuity of Homomorphisms in Non-associative Banach Algebras
Authors: Chu C-H. , Velasco M. V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe introduce the concept of a rare element in a non-associative normed algebra and show that the existence of such an element is the only obstruction to continuity of a surjective homomorphism from a non-associative Banach algebra to a unital normed algebra with simple completion. Unital associative algebras do not admit any rare elements, and hence automatic continuity holds.
On Zero-divisors in Group Rings of Groups with Torsion
Authors: Ivanov S. V. , Mikhailov Roman 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNontrivial pairs of zero-divisors in group rings are introduced and discussed. A problem on the existence of nontrivial pairs of zero-divisors in group rings of free Burnside groups of odd exponent n ≫ 1 is solved in the affirmative. Nontrivial pairs of zero-divisors are also found in group rings of free products of groups with torsion.
A novel contiguous gene deletion of AVPR2 and ARHGAP4 genes in male dizygotic twins with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and intellectual disability
Authors: Huang Lingli , Poke Gemma , Gecz Jozef , Gibson Kate 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe clinical features of loss of ARHGAP4 function remain unclear despite several reports of different patterns of deletions inactivating different functional regions of the protein. The protein encoded by ARHGAP4 is thought to function as a Rho GTPase activating protein. Characterization of the genetic defect causing X‐linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and intellectual disability in two dizygotic twin brothers revealed a novel contiguous deletion of 17,905 bp encompassing the entire AVPR2 gene and extending into intron 7 of the ARHGAP4 gene. Examination of their mother showed that she was a carrier of this deletion. An attempt was made to distinguish the putative clinical signs of an ARHGAP4 deletion from the well‐defined phenotype of X‐linked NDI caused by an AVPR2 gene deletion. By reviewing all characterized deletions encompassing ARHGAP4, we reconsider the potential role of ARHGAP4 in cognition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cleft palate in a multigenerational family with a microdeletion of 20p12.3 involving BMP2
Authors: Williams Eli S. , Uhas Kim A. , Bunke Brian P. , Garber Kathryn B. , Martin Christa L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCleft palate (CP) is a frequent and recognizable birth defect attributed to a variety of etiologies including genetic abnormalities and environmental exposures. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in embryonic signaling important for a number of developmental processes including bone formation and palate morphogenesis. Recently, haploinsufficiency of BMP2 was associated with syndromic forms of CP. Here, we report on a multigenerational family with a history of CP as a result of a 2.3 Mb deletion of chromosome 20p12.3, including the BMP2 gene. In addition to a submucous CP, the proband's clinical phenotype included failure to thrive (FTT), global developmental delays (DD), and dysmorphic features. The affected father exhibited an overt CP, with a facial gestalt and minor dysmorphic features similar to the proband. The father was otherwise healthy with no history of FTT or DD, suggesting high penetrance, yet variable expressivity for haploinsufficiency of BMP2. The findings presented here provide further evidence for the role of BMP2 in syndromic forms of CP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interstitial deletion of 11q‐implicating the KIRREL3 gene in the neurocognitive delay associated with Jacobsen syndrome
Authors: Guerin Andrea , Stavropoulos Dimitri J , Diab Yaser , Chénier Sébastien , Christensen Hilary , Kahr Walter HA , Babul‐Hirji Riyana , Chitayat David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractJacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare contiguous gene disorder characterized by a deletion within the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 11 ranging in size from 7 to 20 Mb. The clinical findings include characteristic dysmorphic features, growth and psychomotor delays and developmental anomalies involving the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, immune, hematologic, endocrine, and gastrointestinal systems. The majority of cases are due to a terminal deletion of 11q; however interstitial deletions have also been reported. We report on a child with clinical manifestations consistent with JS who had a 2.899 Mb interstitial deletion at 11q24.2–q24.3 which is the smallest interstitial deletion reported so far to our knowledge. This deletion includes the KIRREL3 gene, and given our patient's history of neurocognitive delay and autism spectrum disorder, it raises the possibility that this gene is a candidate for the social and expressive language delay observed in our patient. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die umfassende zweidimensionale Gaschromatographie – eine neue Dimension für analytische Trennwissenschaften
Authors: Meinert Cornelia , Meierhenrich Uwe J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie umfassende zweidimensionale Gaschromatographie ermöglicht gegenüber jedweder eindimensionalen Trennmethode eine erhöhte Auflösung und eine verbesserte Identifizierung organischer Analyten in komplexen Mischungen. Ursprünglich zum Auflösen hochkomplexer Erdölproben eingeführt, zogen die enorme Trennleistung und die Möglichkeit zum Gewinn weiterer strukturrelevanter Informationen über die Analyten schnell das Interesse von Analytikern verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen auf sich. In diesem Kurzaufsatz stellen wir die zugrundeliegende Theorie, jüngste Fortschritte und zukünftige instrumentelle Entwicklungen der umfassenden zweidimensionalen Gaschromatographie sowie ausgewählte Anwendungen vor.
Lithiumbatterien und elektrische Doppelschichtkondensatoren: aktuelle Herausforderungen
Authors: Choi Nam‐Soon , Chen Zonghai , Freunberger Stefan A. , Ji Xiulei , Sun Yang‐Kook , Amine Khalil , Yushin Gleb , Nazar Linda F. , Cho Jaephil , Bruce Peter G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractModerne Energiespeichertechnologien, einschließlich elektrischer Doppelschichtkondensatoren und wiederaufladbarer Batterien, sind von enormer Bedeutung für Anwendungen in tragbaren Elektronikgeräten, als Elektrizitätsspeicher für Ladestationen von Elektrofahrzeugen und zum Lastausgleich von erneuerbaren Energiequellen wie Sonnenenergie und Windkraft. Der Einsatz von Lithiumbatterien und elektrischen Doppelschichtkondensatoren in diesen Technologien bedarf der wissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung. Es gilt, neue Materialien und elektrochemische Reaktionen zu entdecken und ein besseres Verständnis der Prozesse zu erlangen, auf denen die Funktion dieser Energiespeichereinheiten beruht. Dieser Aufsatz fasst einige der aktuellen Fragen im Zusammenhang mit Lithiumbatterien und Doppelschichtkondensatoren zusammen.