bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the graded prognostic assessment and recursive partitioning analysis as prognostic tools using a modern cohort of patients with brain metastases
Authors: Sperber Jacob , Yoo Seeley , Owolo Edwin , Dalton Tara , Zachem Tanner J , Johnson Eli , Herndon James E , Nguyen Annee D , Hockenberry Harrison , Bishop Brandon , Abu-Bonsrah Nancy , Cook Steven H , Fecci Peter E , Sperduto Paul W , Johnson Margaret O , Erickson Melissa M , Goodwin C Rory 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Prognostic indices for patients with brain metastases (BM) are needed to individualize treatment and stratify clinical trials. Two frequently used tools to estimate survival in patients with BM are the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and the diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA). Given recent advances in therapies and improved survival for patients with BM, this study aims to validate and analyze these 2 models in a modern cohort.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with BM were identified via our institution’s Tumor Board meetings. Data were retrospectively collected from the date of diagnosis with BM. The concordance of the RPA and GPA was calculated using Harrell’s C index. A Cox proportional hazards model with backwards elimination was used to generate a parsimonious model predictive of survival.

Results
Our study consisted of 206 patients diagnosed with BM between 2010 and 2019. The RPA had a prediction performance characterized by Harrell’s C index of 0.588. The DS-GPA demonstrated a Harrell’s C index of 0.630. A Cox proportional hazards model assessing the effect of age, presence of lung, or liver metastases, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 3/4 on survival yielded a Harrell’s C index of 0.616. Revising the analysis with an uncategorized ECOG demonstrated a C index of 0.648.

Conclusions
We found that the performance of the RPA remains unchanged from previous validation studies a decade earlier. The DS-GPA outperformed the RPA in predicting overall survival in our modern cohort. Analyzing variables shared by the RPA and DS-GPA produced a model that performed analogously to the DS-GPA.
Lewis-base ligand-reshaped interfacial hydrogen-bond network boosts CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Ge Wangxin , Tao Haolan , Dong Lei , Fan Yu , Niu Yanpu , Zhu Yihua , Lian Cheng , Liu Honglai , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Both the catalyst and electrolyte strongly impact the performance of CO2 electrolysis. Despite substantial progress in catalysts, it remains highly challenging to tailor electrolyte compositions and understand their functions at the catalyst interface. Here, we report that the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its analogs, featuring strong Lewis acid-base interaction with metal cations, are selected as electrolyte additives to reshape the catalyst-electrolyte interface for promoting CO2 electrolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that EDTA molecules are dynamically assembled toward interface regions in response to bias potential due to strong Lewis acid-base interaction of EDTA4–-K+. As a result, the original hydrogen-bond network among interfacial H2O is disrupted, and a hydrogen-bond gap layer at the electrified interface is established. The EDTA-reshaped K+ solvation structure promotes the protonation of *CO2 to *COOH and suppressing *H2O dissociation to *H, thereby boosting the co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O toward carbon-based products. In particular, when 5 mM of EDTA is added into the electrolytes, the Faradaic efficiency of CO on the commercial Ag nanoparticle catalyst is increased from 57.0% to 90.0% at an industry-relevant current density of 500 mA cm−2. More importantly, the Lewis-base ligand-reshaped interface allows a range of catalysts (Ag, Zn, Pd, Bi, Sn, and Cu) to deliver substantially increased selectivity of carbon-based products in both H-type and flow-type electrolysis cells.
The Impact of New Jersey’s 2020 E-cigarette Flavor Ban on E-cigarette, Cigarette, and Cigar Sales in New Jersey
Authors: Hrywna Mary , Teotia Arjun , Miller Lo Erin , Giovenco Daniel P , Delnevo Cristine D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
On April 20, 2020, New Jersey (NJ) implemented a comprehensive ban on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes. This study compares sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and cigars before and after the law.

Aims and Methods
Data were biweekly retailer scanner sales in NJ convenience stores for e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and cigars between August 2019 and December 2020. We used Joinpoint regression to assess sales trends for cigarettes (non-menthol and menthol), cigars (unflavored and flavored), and e-cigarettes (unflavored, fruit or sweet or concept flavor, and menthol flavor) in the 36 weeks before and 36 weeks after a statewide ban on flavored e-cigarettes.

Results
Flavored e-cigarette sales, not including menthol, significantly decreased over the study period while menthol e-cigarette sales significantly increased until the e-cigarette flavor ban took effect, after which these sales rapidly declined through May 2020, then slowed. Unflavored e-cigarette sales declined through September 2019, then grew modestly until the flavored e-cigarette ban, after which sales significantly increased. Flavored cigar sales increased between March and May 2020, then declined; non-flavored cigar sales increased between mid-February and early July 2020, then declined. Cigarette sales were decreasing before the flavored e-cigarette ban but after, significantly increased until June 2020. Overall, there was no significant trend in the average biweekly percent change for cigarette sales.

Conclusions
Flavored e-cigarette sales were declining prior to the ban but the pace of the decline accelerated following federal and state restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales, then slowed by the second half of 2020, with a brief period of increased cigarette and cigar sales immediately following the ban.

Implications
NJ’s 2020 statewide e-cigarette flavor ban offered the opportunity to observe how sales of e-cigarette, cigarette, and cigar products shifted after the change. The effect of the state law, at least in the short-term, was decreased sales of flavored e-cigarettes and increased sales of unflavored e-cigarettes. Research on long-term policy effects is needed.
Longitudinal Association Between Harm Perceptions and Tobacco Behaviors Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: Differential Associations Across Age Groups Using the PATH Study
Authors: Weiger Caitlin V , Wackowski Olivia A , Bover Manderski Michelle T , Villanti Andrea C , Chen-Sankey Julia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The relationship between e-cigarette and cigarette harm perceptions and tobacco behaviors may vary by age. We examined longitudinal associations of harm perceptions with tobacco use behaviors among adults who smoke cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
Data were from Waves 4 (2016–2018) and 5 (2018–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions identified independent associations between relative and absolute e-cigarette and cigarette harm perceptions at baseline and continued smoking, dual use, complete switching, and quit intention at follow-up, stratified by age (young adults [YAs] 18–24, middle-aged adults [MAs] 25–44, and older adults [OAs] ≥45) among U.S. adults who smoke (n = 8231).

Results
Perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes was associated with higher odds of complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] overall: 1.52; MAs: 1.68). Perceiving e-cigarettes as very/extremely harmful was associated with lower odds of dual use (overall aOR: 0.75; MAs: 0.72) and higher odds of quit intention (aOR OAs: 1.34). Perceiving cigarettes as very/extremely harmful was associated with lower odds of continued smoking (overall aOR: 0.69; MAs: 0.76; OAs: 0.53), and higher odds of complete switching (overall aOR: 1.65; MAs: 1.86) and quit intention (overall aOR: 1.58; MAs: 1.42; OAs: 1.80). No findings reached significance for YAs.

Discussion
E-cigarette relative and absolute harm perceptions were associated with different tobacco behaviors by age. Low cigarette harm perceptions were similarly associated with continued smoking and lower quit intentions in MAs and OAs. Future research should explore what beliefs inform these perceptions and age-related differences.

Implications
The associations between harm perceptions and subsequent tobacco behaviors differed by age among adults who smoke. This study adds that low relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes can promote complete switching among MAs who smoke. High absolute harm perceptions of e-cigarettes may deter dual use among MAs. Additionally, high absolute harm perceptions of cigarettes may reduce smoking and increase cigarette smoking quit intentions among MAs and OAs. Future research is needed to understand the beliefs that support harm perceptions among different age groups, why their effects differ by age, and what factors influence YAs’ tobacco use behaviors.
Topography of mutational signatures in non-small cell lung cancer: emerging concepts, clinical applications, and limitations
Authors: Jayakrishnan Ritujith , Kwiatkowski David J , Rose Michal G , Nassar Amin H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The genome of a cell is continuously battered by a plethora of exogenous and endogenous processes that can lead to damaged DNA. Repair mechanisms correct this damage most of the time, but failure to do so leaves mutations. Mutations do not occur in random manner, but rather typically follow a more or less specific pattern due to known or imputed mutational processes. Mutational signature analysis is the process by which the predominant mutational process can be inferred for a cancer and can be used in several contexts to study both the genesis of cancer and its response to therapy. Recent pan-cancer genomic efforts such as “The Cancer Genome Atlas” have identified numerous mutational signatures that can be categorized into single base substitutions, doublet base substitutions, or small insertions/deletions. Understanding these mutational signatures as they occur in non-small lung cancer could improve efforts at prevention, predict treatment response to personalized treatments, and guide the development of therapies targeting tumor evolution. For non-small cell lung cancer, several mutational signatures have been identified that correlate with exposures such as tobacco smoking and radon and can also reflect endogenous processes such as aging, APOBEC activity, and loss of mismatch repair. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of mutational signatures in non-small lung cancer.
HER2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma with GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Chan Emily , Turski Michelle L , Mendez Carlos Espinosa , Hsu Sarah C , Kumar Vipul , Shipp Chase , Jindal Tanya , Chang Kevin , Onodera Courtney , Devine W Patrick , Grenert James P , Stohr Bradley A , Ding Chien-Kuang Cornelia , Stachler Matthew D , Quigley David A , Feng Felix Y , Chu Carissa E , Porten Sima P , Chou Jonathan , Friedlander Terence W , Koshkin Vadim S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
HER2, encoded by the ERBB2 gene, is an important druggable driver of human cancer gaining increasing importance as a therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The genomic underpinnings of HER2 overexpression in ERBB2 nonamplified UC are poorly defined. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated 172 UC tumors from patients treated at the University of California San Francisco, using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. We found that GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains individually predicted HER2 protein expression independently of ERBB2 amplification. To validate these findings, we interrogated the Memorial Sloan Kettering/The Cancer Genome Atlas (MSK/TCGA) dataset and found that GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains individually predicted ERBB2 mRNA expression independently of ERBB2 amplification. Our findings reveal a potential link between the luminal marker HER2 and the key transcription factors GATA3 and PPARG in UC and highlight the utility of examining GATA3 and PPARG copy number states to identify UC tumors that overexpress HER2 in the absence of ERBB2 amplification. In summary, we found that an increase in copy number of GATA3 and PPARG was independently associated with higher ERBB2 expression in patient samples of UC. This finding provides a potential explanation for HER2 overexpression in UC tumors without ERBB2 amplification and a way to identify these tumors for HER2-targeted therapies.
Fertility in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer: a review
Authors: Jiang Qiuping , Hua Hongmei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although the overall incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have declined, diagnosed cases of young-onset colorectal cancer have increased significantly. Concerns about future fertility are second only to concerns about survival and may significantly affect the quality of life of young cancer survivors. Fertility preservation is an important issue in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer undergoing oncotherapy. Here, we discussed the effects of different treatments on fertility, common options for fertility preservation, factors affecting fertility preservation and improvement measures, and the relationship between fertility and pregnancy outcomes in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer.
Optimization of implementation strategies using the Multiphase Optimization STratgey (MOST) framework: Practical guidance using the factorial design
Authors: Szeszulski Jacob , Guastaferro Kate 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Multiphase Optimization STrategy (MOST) is a framework that uses three phases—preparation, optimization, and evaluation—to develop multicomponent interventions that achieve intervention EASE by strategically balancing Effectiveness, Affordability, Scalability, and Efficiency. In implementation science, optimization of the intervention requires focus on the implementation strategies—things that we do to deliver the intervention—and implementation outcomes. MOST has been primarily used to optimize the components of the intervention related to behavioral or health outcomes. However, innovative opportunities to optimize discrete (i.e. single strategy) and multifaceted (i.e. multiple strategies) implementation strategies exist and can be done independently, or in conjunction with, intervention optimization. This article details four scenarios where the MOST framework and the factorial design can be used in the optimization of implementation strategies: (i) the development of new multifaceted implementation strategies; (ii) evaluating interactions between program components and a discrete or multifaceted implementation strategies; (iii) evaluating the independent effects of several discrete strategies that have been previously evaluated as a multifaceted implementation strategy; and (iv) modification of a discrete or multifaceted implementation strategy for the local context. We supply hypothetical school-based physical activity examples to illustrate these four scenarios, and we provide hypothetical data that can help readers make informed decisions derived from their trial data. This manuscript offers a blueprint for implementation scientists such that not only is the field using MOST to optimize the effectiveness of an intervention on a behavioral or health outcome, but also that the implementation of that intervention is optimized.
Efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Hormone Receptor–Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Qureshi Zaheer , Jamil Abdur , Fatima Eeshal , Altaf Faryal , Siddique Rimsha 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2–) being the predominant subtype. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a novel antibody-drug conjugate, has emerged as a promising treatment for metastatic HR+/HER2– breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Methods:
Adhering to “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases up to December 2023. We included clinical trials and observational studies evaluating SG in patients with HR+/HER2– advanced breast cancer. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, the secondary outcomes included overall survival, objective response rate, clinical benefit rate, duration of response (DOR), and adverse event profiles. Review Manager (Version 5.4) was used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review; 2 were suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed a hazard ratio of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34-0.83; P = 0.005; I
2 = 86%) for PFSl and a hazard ratio of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.36-1.11; P = 0.11; I
2 = 92%) for overall survival. The pooled analysis of the duration of response showed significant results with a standard mean difference = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03-0.42; P = 0.02; I
2 = 61%).

Conclusion:
SG demonstrates significant benefit in PFS and duration of response in patients of HR+/HER2– advanced breast cancer.
Hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein partially uncouples inflammation from fibrosis in MAFLD
Authors: Wang Dan , Baghoomian Ania , Zhang Zhengyi , Cui Ya , Whang Emily C. , Li Xiang , Fraga Josue , Spellman Rachel Ariana , Dong Tien S. , Li Wei , Gupta Arpana , Benhammou Jihane N. , Sallam Tamer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common liver disease worldwide. The progression to fibrosis, occurring against a backdrop of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, critically determines liver-related morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory processes contribute to various stages of MAFLD and thought to instigate hepatic fibrosis. For this reason, targeting inflammation has been heavily nominated as a strategy to mitigate liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a secreted protein that plays an established role in innate immune responses. Here, using adoptive transfer studies and tissue-specific deletion models we show that hepatocytes are the dominant contributors to circulating LBP. In a murine model of MAFLD, hepatocyte-specific deletion of LBP restrained hepatic inflammation and improved liver function abnormalities, but not measures of fibrosis. Human studies, including genetic evidence, corroborate an important role for LBP in hepatic inflammation with minimal impact on fibrosis. Collectively, our data argues against the idea that targeting hepatic inflammation is a viable approach to reducing fibrosis.
Deciphering the Soybean Rust Arsenal: Effectorome Studies and Host-Pathogen Interaction (HPI) network inPhakopsora pachyrhiziandGlycine maxPathosystem
Authors: Oliveira E.S. , Pereira W.A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR), cause by the fungal pathogenPhakopsora pachyrhizi, stands out as the paramount menace to soybean cultivation, resulting in staggering yield decreases that can surpass 90%. Despite extensive endeavors, the development of cultivars endowed with comprehensive or enduring resistance against the myriad pathotypes remains elusive, thereby underscoring the imperative for pioneering improvement tactics. Fungal effectors, orchestrating the infiltration and colonization of hosts, constitute pivotal determinants in the infection cascade, thus emerging as prime targets for unraveling pathogenicity mechanisms. In this investigation, we endeavored to integrate effectoromics analysis with host-pathogen protein-protein interaction networks (HPPI) to delineate the modus operandi ofP. pachyrhizieffectors in subverting plant host immunity. By meticulously delineating the repertoire of predicted effectors and prognosticating protein-protein interactions between effectors and soybean target proteins, we discerned pivotal candidate targets. Notably, a repertoire of 324 host proteins was anticipated to engage in interactions with 21 effectors, predominantly hailing from the Lysophospholipase (LysoPLs) cohort. Particularly conspicuous was the identification of a robust effector candidate (PhapaK8108_7408047) implicated in the targeting of 171 soybean proteins. Its functional involvement in RNA splicing, chromatin organization, histone deacetylation, protein stabilization, and protein folding signifies its pivotal role in the infectious process. Furthermore, our endeavor encompassed the categorization of effectors into carbohydrate-active families, illuminating the prominence of Carbohydrate esterases family 12, primarily catalyzing cellulose and xylan degradation. By amalgamating these multifaceted methodologies, our study provides invaluable insights leading to the formulation of more effective ASR molecular strategies, demonstrating its relevance and innovation in the fields of plant pathology and molecular biology.
Covert actions of epidural stimulation on spinal locomotor circuits
Authors: Garcia-Ramirez D. Leonardo , McGrath Jenna R. , Ha Ngoc T. , Wheel Jaimena H. , Atoche Sebastian J. , Yao Lihua , Stachowski Nicholas J. , Giszter Simon F. , Dougherty Kimberly J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpinal circuitry produces the rhythm and patterning of locomotion. However, both descending and sensory inputs are required to initiate and adapt locomotion to the environment. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts descending controls of the spinal cord, producing paralysis. Epidural stimulation (ES) is a promising clinical therapy for motor control recovery and is capable of reactivating the lumbar spinal locomotor networks, yet little is known about the effects of ES on locomotor neurons. Previously, we found that both sensory afferent pathways and serotonin exert mixed excitatory and inhibitory actions on lumbar interneurons involved in the generation of the locomotor rhythm, identified by the transcription factor Shox2. However, after chronic complete SCI, sensory afferent inputs to Shox2 interneurons become almost exclusively excitatory and Shox2 interneurons are supersensitive to serotonin. Here, we investigated the effects of ES on these SCI-induced changes. Inhibitory input from sensory pathways to Shox2 interneurons was maintained and serotonin supersensitivity was not observed in SCI mice that received daily sub-motor threshold ES. Interestingly, the effects of ES were maintained for at least three weeks after the ES was discontinued. In contrast, the effects of ES were not observed in Shox2 interneurons from mice that received ES after the establishment of the SCI-induced changes. Our results demonstrate mechanistic actions of ES at the level of identified spinal locomotor circuit neurons and the effectiveness of early treatment with ES on preservation of spinal locomotor circuitry after SCI, suggesting possible therapeutic benefits prior to the onset of motor rehabilitation.