bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Well Do Medical Oncologists Manage Chronic Cancer Pain? A National Survey
Authors: Breuer Brenda , Chang Victor T. , Von Roenn Jamie H. , Gunten Charles , Neugut Alfred I. , Kaplan Ronald , Wallenstein Sylvan , Portenoy Russell K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground.Cancer pain is usually managed by oncologists, occasionally with input from specialists in hospice and palliative medicine (PLM) or pain medicine (PMD). We evaluated the knowledge of cancer pain management in these three specialty groups.Methods.Eight vignettes depicting challenging scenarios of patients with poorly controlled pain were developed; each had five or six treatment choices. Respondents indicated choices likely to be safe and efficacious as “true” and choices likely to be unsafe or inefficacious as “false.” Two questionnaires were created, each with four vignettes. Three anonymous mailings targeted geographically representative U.S. samples of 570 oncologists, 266 PMD specialists, and 280 PLM specialists, each randomly assigned one version of the questionnaire. Vignette scores were normalized to a 0–100 numeric rating scale (NRS); a score of 50 indicates that the number of correct choices equals the number of incorrect choices (consistent with guessing).Results.Overall response rate was 49% (oncologists, 39%; PMD specialists, 48%; and PLM specialists, 70%). Average vignette score ranges were 53.2–66.5, 45.6–65.6, and 50.8–72.0 for oncologists, PMD specialists, and PLM specialists, respectively. Oncologists scored lower than PLM specialists on both questionnaires and lower than PMD specialists on one. On a 0–10 NRS, oncologists rated their ability to manage pain highly (median 7, with an interquartile range [IQR] of 5–8). Lower ratings were assigned to pain-related training in medical school (median 3, with an IQR of 2–5) and residency/fellowship (median 5, with an IQR of 4–7). Oncologists older than 46–47 years rated their training lower than younger oncologists.Conclusion.These data suggest that oncologists and other medical specialists who manage cancer pain have knowledge deficiencies in cancer pain management. These gaps help clarify the need for pain management education.
Preexisting Insulin Autoantibodies Predict Efficacy of Otelixizumab in Preserving Residual β-Cell Function in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Demeester Simke , Keymeulen Bart , Kaufman Leonard , Van Dalem Annelien , Balti Eric V. , Van de Velde Ursule , Goubert Patrick , Verhaeghen Katrijn , Davidson Howard W. , Wenzlau Janet M. , Weets Ilse , Pipeleers Daniel G. , Gorus Frans K. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
Immune intervention trials in recent-onset type 1 diabetes would benefit from biomarkers associated with good therapeutic response. In the previously reported randomized placebo-controlled anti-CD3 study (otelixizumab; GlaxoSmithKline), we tested the hypothesis that specific diabetes autoantibodies might serve this purpose.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the included patients (n = 40 otelixizumab, n = 40 placebo), β-cell function was assessed as area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide release during a hyperglycemic glucose clamp at baseline (median duration of insulin treatment: 6 days) and every 6 months until 18 months after randomization. (Auto)antibodies against insulin (I[A]A), GAD (GADA), IA-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 (ZnT8A) were determined on stored sera by liquid-phase radiobinding assay.

RESULTS
At baseline, only better preserved AUC C-peptide release and higher levels of IAA were associated with better preservation of β-cell function and lower insulin needs under anti-CD3 treatment. In multivariate analysis, IAA (P = 0.022) or the interaction of IAA and C-peptide (P = 0.013) independently predicted outcome together with treatment. During follow-up, good responders to anti-CD3 treatment (i.e., IAA+ participants with relatively preserved β-cell function [≥25% of healthy control subjects]) experienced a less pronounced insulin-induced rise in I(A)A and lower insulin needs. GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A levels were not influenced by anti-CD3 treatment, and their changes showed no relation to functional outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
There is important specificity of IAA among other diabetes autoantibodies to predict good therapeutic response of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients to anti-CD3 treatment. If confirmed, future immune intervention trials in type 1 diabetes should consider both relatively preserved functional β-cell mass and presence of IAA as inclusion criteria.
Combination of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin as Second-Line Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Lewin Andrew , Patel Sanjay , Liu Dacheng , Kaste Renee , Woerle Hans J. , Broedl Uli C. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combinations of empagliflozin/linagliptin as second-line therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects were randomized to a combination of empagliflozin 25 mg/linagliptin 5 mg (n = 137), empagliflozin 10 mg/linagliptin 5 mg (n = 136), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 141), empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 140), or linagliptin 5 mg (n = 132) as add-on to metformin for 52 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24.

RESULTS
At week 24, reductions in HbA1c (mean baseline 7.90–8.02% [62.8–64.1 mmol/mol]) with empagliflozin/linagliptin were superior to those with empagliflozin or linagliptin alone as add-on to metformin; adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline were −1.19% (0.06) (−13.1 mmol/mol [0.7]) with empagliflozin 25 mg/linagliptin 5 mg, −1.08% (0.06) (−11.8 mmol/mol [0.7]) with empagliflozin 10 mg/linagliptin 5 mg, −0.62% (0.06) (−6.8 mmol/mol [0.7]) with empagliflozin 25 mg, −0.66% (0.06) (−7.2 mmol/mol [0.7]) with empagliflozin 10 mg, and −0.70% (0.06) (−7.6 mmol/mol [0.7]) with linagliptin 5 mg (P &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). In these groups, respectively, 61.8, 57.8, 32.6, 28.0, and 36.1% of subjects with baseline HbA1c ≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol) had HbA1c &lt;7% (&lt;53 mmol/mol) at week 24. Efficacy was maintained at week 52. The proportion of subjects with adverse events (AEs) over 52 weeks was similar across treatment arms (68.6–73.0%), with no hypoglycemic AEs requiring assistance.

CONCLUSIONS
Combinations of empagliflozin/linagliptin as second-line therapy for 52 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c compared with the individual components and were well tolerated.
Climate of submontane location Stará Lesná (1988–2013)
Authors: Bíčárová Svetlana , Mačutek Jozef , Bilčík Dušan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper focuses on evaluation of climatic data obtained at Meteorological Observatory GPI SAS Stará Lesná according to the classical daily observations carried out for period 1988-2013. Location is situated at the foothills of the High Tatra Mts. and represents submontane climate zone favourable for temperate coniferous and mixed forest vegetation. According to observations climate of Star´a Lesná is characterized by average annual air temperature 5.9 °C that seasonally varies from -3.5 °C (DJF) to 15.2 °C (JJA). Air-temperature extremes range between -26.5 and 34.2 °C. Daily air temperature maxima and derived indices such as the number of summer days indicate moderate warming during last decade. Growing season length is about 195 days. Average annual precipitation is 744 mm, seasonal comparison shows nearly twice more precipitation amount in summer than winter half year. Snow depth is 35 cm on average, extraordinary over 50 cm. Relative air humidity is about 78%. Wet periods lasted from 5 to 13 consecutive wet days; substantially longer are dry periods from 14 to 39 days. Average sunshine duration is 1806 hours per year. The number of sunny days is clearly lower than the number of cloudy days. Surface air pressure 920.4 hPa relates to altitudinal position of site. Wind blows mostly from the more open southern side. Although average wind speed is rather low (2.1 m/s), occurrence of strong wind gusts above 40 m/s can cause such a spatial destruction of natural environment as in November 2004
Multi-temporal analysis of vegetation reflectance using MERIS data in the Czech Republic
Authors: Štych Přemysl , Malíková Lucie , Kříž Jan , Holman Lukáš 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Accurate high temporal resolution data is a very important source of information for understanding processes in the landscape. High temporal and spectral resolution data enable the monitoring of dynamic landscape processes. For this reason, since 2008 a receiving station for Metosat, NOAA and Envisat data has been installed at the Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The aim of this study is to analyse the spectral characteristics of vegetation using MERIS data in the Czech Republic. Spectral characteristics of vegetation were examined both by analysing changes in reflectivity as well as by utilising vegetation indices. Vegetation in forests and agricultural land was evaluated. The results present the spectral characteristics of selected associations of vegetation based on MERIS data and a discussion of the methods of multitemporal classification of land cover.
Defective Selection of Thymic Regulatory T Cells Accompanies Autoimmunity and Pulmonary Infiltrates in Tcra-Deficient Mice Double Transgenic for Human La/Sjögren’s Syndrome-B and Human La-Specific TCR
Authors: Yaciuk Jane C. , Pan Yujun , Schwarz Karen , Pan Zi-jian , Maier-Moore Jacen S. , Kosanke Stanley D. , Lawrence Christina , Farris A. Darise 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A human La/Sjögren’s syndrome-B (hLa)–specific TCR/hLa neo–self-Ag double-transgenic (Tg) mouse model was developed and used to investigate cellular tolerance and autoimmunity to the ubiquitous RNA-binding La Ag often targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome. Extensive thymic clonal deletion of CD4+ T cells occurred in H-2k/k double-Tg mice presenting high levels of the I-Ek–restricted hLa T cell epitope. In contrast, deletion was less extensive in H-2k/b double-Tg mice presenting lower levels of the epitope, and some surviving thymocytes were positively selected as thymic regulatory T cells (tTreg). These mice remained serologically tolerant to hLa and healthy. H-2k/b double-Tg mice deficient of all endogenous Tcra genes, a deficiency known to impair Treg development and function, produced IgG anti-hLa autoantibodies and displayed defective tTreg development. These autoimmune mice had interstitial lung disease characterized by lymphocytic aggregates containing Tg T cells with an activated, effector memory phenotype. Salivary gland infiltrates were notably absent. Thus, expression of nuclear hLa Ag induces thymic clonal deletion and tTreg selection, and lymphocytic infiltration of the lung is a consequence of La-specific CD4+ T cell autoimmunity.
Bond Formation and Coupling between Germyl and Bridging Germylene Ligands in Dinuclear Palladium(I) Complexes
Authors: Tanabe Makoto , Omine Shumpei , Ishikawa Naoko , Osakada Kohtaro , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe dinuclear palladium(I) complexes [L(Ar2HGe)Pd(μ‐GeAr2)2Pd(GeHAr2)L] (Ar=Ph, p‐Tol; L=PMe3, tBuNC) contain terminal germyl and bridging germylene ligands with the experimentally observed Ge⋅⋅⋅Ge bond lengths of 2.8263(4) Å (L=PMe3) and 2.928(1) Å (L=tBuNC), which are close to the longest GeGe bond reported to date [2.714(1) Å]. Significant Ge⋅⋅⋅Ge interactions between the germylene and germyl ligands (PMe3 complexes > tBuNC complexes) are supported by DFT calculations, Wiberg bond indices (WBI), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Exchanging tBuNC for PMe3 ligands increases the Ge⋅⋅⋅Ge interaction, and simultaneously activates two PdGe bonds. Adding the chelating diphosphine 1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane (depe) to the PMe3 complexes results in the intramolecular coupling of germyl and germylene ligands followed by extrusion of a digermane.
Triesterase and Promiscuous Diesterase Activities of a Di‐CoII‐Containing Organophosphate Degrading Enzyme Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Alberto Marta E. , Pinto Gaspar , Russo Nino , Toscano Marirosa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe reaction mechanism for the hydrolysis of trimethyl phosphate and of the obtained phosphodiester by the di‐CoII derivative of organophosphate degrading enzyme from Agrobacterium radiobacter P230(OpdA), have been investigated at density functional level of theory in the framework of the cluster model approach. Both mechanisms proceed by a multistep sequence and each catalytic cycle begins with the nucleophilic attack by a metal‐bound hydroxide on the phosphorus atom of the substrate, leading to the cleavage of the phosphate‐ester bond. Four exchange‐correlation functionals were used to derive the potential energy profiles in protein environments. Although the enzyme is confirmed to work better as triesterase, as revealed by the barrier heights in the rate‐limiting steps of the catalytic processes, its promiscuous ability to hydrolyze also the product of the reaction has been confirmed. The important role played by water molecules and some residues in the outer coordination sphere has been elucidated, while the binuclear CoII center accomplishes both structural and catalytic functions. To correctly describe the electronic configuration of the d shell of the metal ions, high‐ and low‐spin arrangement jointly with the occurrence of antiferromagnetic coupling, have been herein considered.
Viologen‐Templated Arrays of Cucurbit[7]uril‐Modified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Benyettou Farah , Nchimi‐Nono Katia , Jouiad Mustapha , Lalatonne Yoann , Milosevic Irena , Motte Laurence , Olsen John‐Carl , Saleh Na'il , Trabolsi Ali 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Farah Benyettou, Ali Trabolsi and co‐workers at New York University Abu Dhabi, and a group of international collaborators (see full paper). The image depicts the use of host–guest chemistry to self‐assemble chemically modified iron oxide nanoparticles with emergent properties. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201405774.
Characterization Method for Separation Devices Based on Micro Technology
Authors: Wellsandt Tim , Stanisch Benjamin , Strube Jochen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDesign of microstructured process modules based on empirical approaches is time‐ and cost intensive. This becomes especially important for complex continuous operations, where several unit operations have to be efficiently combined for maximum process efficiency and economy. A concept for a model‐based design by an axial dispersion model is presented as a contribution to simplification and cost reduction. Simple microchannel structures with varying cross sections are evaluated with volume flows up to 20 mL min−1. The predictive accuracy of the model is demonstrated and assessed by selected examples.
Benign‐appearing urothelial tissue fragments in noninstrumented voided urine specimens are associated with low rates of urothelial neoplasia
Authors: Onur Irem , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe presence of urothelial tissue fragments (UTF) in voided urine (VU) is often considered an abnormal finding that may be associated with the presence of urothelial papillary neoplasms. In the current study, the authors reviewed VU specimens containing benign‐appearing UTF (BUTF) to determine the associated rate of urothelial neoplasia at the study institution.METHODSA retrospective search of the electronic pathology database system over a 5‐year period (2009‐2013) revealed 1131 VU specimens containing UTF. Of these, 459 cases (40.6%) did not have a recent history of instrumentation. Fifteen cases were excluded because the slides were not available for review. In the remaining 444 cases, 274 cases (61.7%) had BUTF. A total of 170 cases (38.3%) had UTF with atypical cytologic features and were therefore excluded.RESULTSOf the 274 cases, 29 (10.6%) had follow‐up surgical pathology specimens available. The overall rate of urothelial neoplasia on follow‐up was 3.6% for low‐grade urothelial neoplasia (10 cases) and 0.7% for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (2 cases). Forty‐five cases (16.4%) were determined to have urinary tract stones on follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of BUTF in VU specimens requires careful examination of the medical history because their presence may be explained by recent instrumentation. If recent instrumentation is not identified, the etiology of BUTF is not usually determined; in the current study, BUTF were found to be associated with urinary tract stones in 16.4% of cases. They also present a low risk of low‐grade urothelial neoplasia (3.6%) and high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (0.7%) when compared with the overall benign category at the study institution (2.3% [P =.15] and 0.7%, respectively). Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:180–185. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Path loss and delay spread for the stairwell channel at 5 GHz
Authors: Sun Ruoyu , Matolak David W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMeasured channel characterization results are provided for six stairwells in the 5‐GHz band, for two distinct stairwell types and two antenna polarizations. The stairwell channel is of interest for several applications, including Wi‐Fi and public safety. Although other authors have reported stairwell path loss for other frequency bands (900 MHz, 2.4, 5.8 GHz), to our knowledge, ours is the first work at 5 GHz. More significantly, we report on floor attenuation factors and delay spread, which prior work has not thoroughly addressed. We measured power delay profiles and from these estimated propagation path loss and root‐mean square delay spread (RMS‐DS). Path loss exponents were between 5.5 and 8.3, and vertically polarized monopoles yield larger path loss and path loss exponents than horizontal polarization. Mean RMS‐DS values ranged from 15 to 57 ns for link distances covering up to three flights of stairs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dietary fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput‐medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. on growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal microbiology and morphology in broiler chickens
Authors: Shang Hong Mei , Song Hui , Xing Ya Li , Niu Shu Li , Ding Guo Dong , Jiang Yun Yao , Liang Feng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput‐medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (HFC) on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal microbiology, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 600 male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into five dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with six pens per treatment): CON (basal diet), ANT (basal diet supplemented with 5 mg kg−1 flavomycin) and HFC (basal diet supplemented with 6, 12, and 18 g kg−1 HFC). The experimental lasted for 42 days.RESULTSThe results revealed that the average daily gain [linear (L), P < 0.01; quadratic (Q), P < 0.01] of broilers increased when the HFC levels increased during the starter (days 1–21), finisher (days 22–42), and the overall experiment period (days 1 to 42). In the small intestinal digesta and the caecum digesta, the Escherichia coli count (L, P < 0.05; Q, P < 0.001) decreased while the Lactobacilli count (L, P < 0.01; Q, P < 0.001) and Bifidobacteria count (L, P < 0.001; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased. The crude protein digestibility of broilers (L, P < 0.01; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased. In the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers, the villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (L, P < 0.001; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with HFC increased gut Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts and inhibited E. coli growth, improved nutrient utilisation and intestine villus structure, and thus improved the growth of broilers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of protective role of curcumin against paclitaxel‐induced inner ear damage in rats
Authors: Bucak Abdulkadir , Ozdemir Cigdem , Ulu Sahin , Gonul Yucel , Aycicek Abdullah , Uysal Mukremin , Cangal Ahmet 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of curcumin on paclitaxel‐induced ototoxicity in rats by means of immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsForty Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into five groups. Group 1 was administered no paclitaxel and curcumin during the study. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were administered 5 mg/kg paclitaxel; 200 mg/kg curcumin; 5 mg/kg paclitaxel, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin; 200 mg/kg curcumin and a day later 5 mg/kg paclitaxel followed intraperitoneally by 200 mg/kg curcumin once a week for 4 consecutive weeks, respectively. After the final DPOAEs test, the animals were sacrificed and their cochlea were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin and caspase‐3 staining.ResultsThe DPOAEs thresholds and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were substantially correlated in all groups. The histopathologic findings in the cochlea of the paclitaxel‐treated animals showed not only changes in the organ of Corti, but also damage to the stria vascularis and spiral limbus, including nuclear degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and atrophy of intermediate cells. Additionally, cochlear changes in group 2, such as intense apoptosis, were confirmed by caspase‐3 immunohistochemical staining. In group 4, coreceiving curcumin could not sufficiently prevent paclitaxel‐induced ototoxicity, and the results in group 5 were similar to the control group.ConclusionsIn our study, we have concluded that pre‐ and coreceiving curcumin can significantly protect the cochlear morphology and functions on paclitaxel‐induced ototoxicity in rats. Curcumin might be considered as a potential natural product that, used as a dietary supplement, could be easily given to patients undergoing paclitaxel chemotherapy.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1175–1182, 2015