bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human parallels to experimental myopia? A literature review on visual deprivation
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Goldschmidt Ernst , Haargaard Birgitte , Jensen Hanne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRaviola and Wiesel's monkey eyelid suture studies of the 1970s laid the cornerstone for the experimental myopia science undertaken since then. The aim has been to clarify the basic humoral and neuronal mechanisms behind induced myopization, its eye tissue transmitters in particular. Besides acquiring new and basic knowledge, the practical object of the research is to reduce the burden of human myopia around the world. Acquisition and cost of optical correction is one issue, but associated morbidity counts more, with its global load of myopia‐associated visual loss and blindness. The object of the present PubMed literature‐based review is to evaluate apparent similarities between experience from disturbed imaging in experimental laboratory science and varieties within the spectrum of childhood human myopia. So far, the main impression is that macroscopical optical deprivation appears absent in the prevalent types of human myopia, nor is myopia a regular sequel where early eye pathology has led to poor imaging and optical deprivation. Optical aberrations of a higher order are a relatively new issue in myopia research, and microstructural deprivation is only marginally dealt within the survey. Links between experimental and human myopia appear mainly occasional, and with only few examples in humans where factual parallels appear credible. Clinical and epidemiological data on refraction remain important, in particular with a view to life style and environmental factors. Such knowledge may further serve as inspiration to the laboratory research, which aims at solving the basic enigmas on a tissue level.
Empowerment programme for parents of extremely premature infants significantly reduced length of stay and readmission rates
Authors: Gonya J , Martin E , McClead R , Nelin L , Shepherd E 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimExtremely premature infants experience long hospitalisation and high readmission rates within 30 days of discharge. This quality control investigation retrospectively explored the impact of the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE©) programme on these rates in an all referral, Level‐IV small baby intensive care unit setting.MethodsThe parents of 303 extremely premature infants participated in the study. Of those, 135 were admitted before the implementation of COPE© and served as baseline historical controls, and the remaining 168 neonates received the intervention. Length of stay and readmission rates were analysed using parametric and nonparametric tests. Additional analyses were used to compare the two groups in terms of gestational age, birthweight and other acuity measures.ResultsNeonates who received COPE© required significantly reduced lengths of stay than the control neonates (COPE© 127.1 ± 55.8 days vs. control 139.6 ± 61.9 days, p < 0.05) and significantly lower readmission rates (COPE© 23.9% vs. control 13.2%, p = 0.05).ConclusionThe COPE© programme promoted active parental engagement in the unit and significantly reduced hospital stays and readmission rates. Future interventions should identify the specific components of the programme that support the parents of extremely premature infants during the various phases of hospitalisation.
Triple‐incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for the resection of gastric cancer: Comparison with conventional laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy
Authors: Usui Shinsuke , Tashiro Masaki , Haruki Shigeo , Matsumoto Akiyo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionReduced port surgery and single‐port surgery are currently in the spotlight as next‐generation, minimally invasive surgical techniques. We performed a triple‐incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TIL‐DG) for gastric cancer as a reduced port surgery.MethodA total of 76 patients underwent a TIL‐DG. A D1+ or D2 lymph node dissection was performed, and the Roux‐en‐Y method was used for reconstruction. The short‐term patient outcomes of the TIL‐DG group were compared with those of the conventional laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy group (59 cases) to evaluate the feasibility of TIL‐DG.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the TIL‐DG group and the laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy group in terms of mean operative time, blood loss, and the length of the postoperative hospital stay. The mean number of retrieved regional lymph nodes in the TIL‐DG group was slightly higher than that in the laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy group.ConclusionA triple‐incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is a feasible and safe procedure.
Complications of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap for reconstruction of palatine defects in two dogs
Authors: Cook DA , Thomson MJ 
Published: April 2014

Case reportComplications associated with surgical reconstruction of hard palate defects with a buccal mucosal flap based on the angularis oris artery and vein in two dogs are described. Distal flap necrosis occurred in both cases, but the flaps were successfully salvaged by division of the original flap pedicle and rotation of the flap material into the remaining defect. Postoperative dysphagia was observed in both dogs until flap revision. Salvage of the intact distal portion of the flap following division of the direct artery and vein 14 days postoperatively is discussed.ConclusionThe angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap is an option for reconstruction of large defects of the hard palate. Survival of the flap can be improved by removal of teeth likely to cause occlusal trauma to the flap's pedicle. In the event of distal flap necrosis, the repair may be salvaged by rotation of the remaining flap into the defect, following establishment of vascular supply from adjacent tissue.
Canine superficial bacterial pyoderma: evaluation of skin surface sampling methods and antimicrobial susceptibility of causalStaphylococcusisolates
Authors: Ravens PA , Vogelnest LJ , Ewen E , Bosward KL , Norris JM 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate three easily performed methods of skin surface sampling for bacterial culture ofStaphylococcusisolates obtained from dogs with superficial bacterial pyoderma (SBP) presenting to two veterinary teaching hospitals in Sydney,Australia, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates.DesignProspective study of 27 dogs withSBP. Cytologically confirmedSBPlesions were sampled for bacterial culture using a dry cotton swab, a saline‐moistened cotton swab and a skin surface scraping. Isolates were identified by standard discriminatory phenotypic and biochemical analyses, and confirmed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobials were determined by disk diffusion and by detection of themecAgene usingPCR. Sampling methods were compared according to bacterial yield, antibiograms and bacterial phenotypic analysis. Location of causative bacteria was evaluated via 8‐mm punch skin biopsies using haematoxylin and eosin,Gram–Twort andGiemsa staining, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).ResultsStaphylococcussp. were isolated from lesions in all dogs, eitherS. pseudintermedius(24 dogs) orS. schleiferi(3 dogs). Susceptibility was highest to cephalexin (96%) and amoxycillin clavulanate (96%). Methicillin resistance assessed bymecAreal‐timePCRand phenotypic oxacillin resistance was found in one dog (4.3%). Routine histology andFISHrevealed bacteria within superficial stratum corneum.ConclusionStaphylococcal isolates from canineSBPdemonstrated high susceptibility to common empirical antimicrobials. Histological techniques confirmed presence of bacteria at superficial sites, likely to be accessed by the sampling techniques. The three techniques afforded similar results and may be equally suitable for obtaining samples for culture.
Mass envenomation of a mare and foal by bees
Authors: Lewis N , Racklyeft DJ 
Published: April 2014

Case reportThe clinical course of toxic envenomation of a mare and her foal after an attack by a swarm of bees in the UpperHunterValley ofNewSouthWales is described.Early agitation and urticaria were followed by more severe systemic clinical signs within 18 h. There was severe, generalised angioedema, rhabdomyolysis, hypovolaemia, gastrointestinal stasis and renal injury. A particular feature in the mare was almost maniacal behaviour during the first 48 h. Clinical pathological examination showed evidence of haemoconcentration, intravascular haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, azotaemia, rhabdomyolysis and hypoproteinaemia. Symptomatic treatment was initiated using intravenous fluids, anti‐inflammatory drugs, histamine antagonists, analgesia and antibiotics. The foal responded within 12 h, but management of the mare was complicated by severe pain, generalised oedema, intrauterine haemorrhage, renal injury and later, recurrent fever. The most severe, acute effects of mass envenomation lasted for 3–4 days. Neither mare nor foal suffered any known lasting systemic effects of envenomation, although localised dermal necrosis resulted in white hairs at some sting sites and deformed ear tips in the foal.ConclusionEarly recognition of clinical signs and treatment of toxic envenomation with an understanding of the physiological effects of hymenoptera venom can lead to a favourable outcome in horses receiving a non‐lethal dose. Further case reports of the treatment of affected horses are needed to expand knowledge of how best to approach this rare, but serious intoxication.
The geographical distribution and differentiation of Chinese beech forests and the association with Quercus
Authors: Shen Ze‐Hao , Fang Jing‐Yun , Chiu Ching‐An , Chen Tze‐Ying 
Published: April 2014

AbstractQuestionsHow do Chinese beech forests differ in species composition and environmental requirements? What are the environmental determinants for the distribution of Chinese beech forests? What is the interspecific relationship among the Fagus species and with Quercus in the communities?LocationThe natural range of four Chinese Fagus species, including subtropical mainland China and Taiwan Island.MethodsBeech forests were sampled in 28 mountains. Community clustering and canonical correspondence analysis was applied to visualize species composition differences of the community types, and divergent environmental requirements of different Fagus species. The niche overlap among different Fagus species and with different subgroups of Quercus was measured. Based on generalized linear models, hierarchical variation partitioning was applied to estimate the contributions of climatic and topographic variables to the spatial variation in the abundance of different Fagus and Quercus species.Results(1) Among the Chinese beech forests dominated by four Fagus species, F. engleriana communities and F. hayatae communities are closer in species composition, as are the F. lucida communities and F. longipetiolata communities. (2) F. longipetiolata has the weakest and F. engleriana the strongest tolerance to freezing. The mainland F. hayatae, F. lucida and the island F. hayatae communities differ prominently along a humidity gradient from dry to wet. The spatial variation of abundance of all Fagus species is primarily related to precipitation seasonality, while the distributions of Quercus species are more sensitive to topographic feature at local scale. (3) The niche overlaps among the Fagus species are low at community level. F. engleriana and F. lucida have higher dominances in the communities than F. hayatae and F. longipetiolata. Quercus species are common components of beech forests in mainland China, but only Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis species occur in F. hayatae communities in Taiwan Island. Different Fagus species have different associations with Quercus species in subgenus Quercus or Cyclobalanopsis.ConclusionsThe distribution of beech forests in China is primarily related to the precipitation seasonality of the monsoon climate, and differentiated on both temperature and moisture gradients. Within species ranges, the presence of oak in the beech forest is significantly regulated by topography.
Predictors of self‐reported negative mood following a depressive mood induction procedure across previously depressed, currently anxious, and control individuals
Authors: Scherrer Martin C. , Dobson Keith S. , Quigley Leanne 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThis study identified and examined a set of potential predictors of self‐reported negative mood following a depressive mood induction procedure (MIP) in a sample of previously depressed, clinically anxious, and control participants. The examined predictor variables were selected on the basis of previous research and theories of depression, and included symptoms of depression and anxiety, negative and positive affect, negative and positive automatic thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, rumination, self‐concept, and occurrence and perceived unpleasantness of recent negative events.MethodsThe sample consisted of 33 previously depressed, 22 currently anxious, and 26 non‐clinical control participants, recruited from community sources. Participant group status was confirmed through structured diagnostic interviews. Participants completed the Velten negative self‐statement MIP as well as self‐report questionnaires of affective, cognitive, and psychosocial variables selected as potential predictors of mood change.ResultsSymptoms of anxiety were associated with increased self‐reported negative mood shift following the MIP in previously depressed participants, but not clinically anxious or control participants. Increased occurrence of recent negative events was a marginally significant predictor of negative mood shift for the previously depressed participants only. None of the other examined variables was significant predictors of MIP response for any of the participant groups.ConclusionsThese results identify factors that may increase susceptibility to negative mood states in previously depressed individuals, with implications for theory and prevention of relapse to depression. The findings also identify a number of affective, cognitive, and psychosocial variables that do not appear to influence mood change following a depressive MIP in previously depressed, currently anxious, and control individuals. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.Practitioner points

Current anxiety symptomatology was a significant predictor and occurrence of recent negative events was a marginally significant predictor of greater negative mood shift following the depressive mood induction for previously depressed individuals.

None of the examined variables predicted change in mood following the depressive mood induction for currently anxious or control individuals.

These results suggest that anxiety symptoms and experience with negative events may increase risk for experiencing depressive mood states among individuals with a vulnerability to depression.

The generalizability of the present results to individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety is limited.

Future research employing appropriate statistical approaches for confirmatory research is needed to test and confirm the present results.
The pharmacology of TRP channels
Authors: Holzer Peter , Izzo Angelo A 
Published: April 2014

This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology contains review and research articles on recent advances in transient receptor potential (TRP) channel pharmacology. The review articles, written by a panel of distinguished experts, address the rapid progress in TRP channel research in fields as diverse as oncology, urology, dermatology, migraine, inflammation and pain. These reviews are complemented by original research reports focusing, among others, on the emerging roles of TRPV1 in osteoporosis and cystitis and on evodiamine as a lead structure for the development of potent TRPV1 agonists/desensitizers. Other papers highlight the differences in TRPV3 pharmacology between recombinant and native systems, the mechanisms of TRPM3 activation/inhibition and TRPP2 as a target of naringenin, a dietary flavonoid with anticancer actions. New therapeutic opportunities in pain may arise from the strategy to combine TRP channel and cell membrane impermeant sodium channel blockers to inhibit sensory nerve activity.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on the pharmacology of TRP channels. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐10
Oral hygiene behaviors and caries experience in Northwest PRECEDENT patients
Authors: Rothen Marilynn , Cunha‐Cruz Joana , Zhou Lingmei , Mancl Lloyd , Jones Jackie S. , Berg Joel ,   the Northwest PRECEDENT network
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between oral hygiene behaviors (toothbrushing, water rinsing after brushing, interproximal cleaning, and adjunctive use of fluoride products) and recent caries (past 24 months) in a random sample of patients in Northwest PRECEDENT practices.MethodsPractitioner‐members of Northwest PRECEDENT, a dental practice‐based research network, conducted a longitudinal study on caries risk assessment. At baseline, patients completed a questionnaire on oral self‐care, snacking, health, and socio‐demographics. A dental examination recorded readily visible heavy plaque and decayed, missing, and filled teeth; chart review captured new caries and treatments in the previous 24 months. Bivariate and multiple generalized estimating equations (GEE) log‐linear regression models stratified by age‐groups were used to relate oral hygiene behaviors to the primary outcome of mean dental caries in the past 24 months on data from 1400 patients in 63 practices. The primary exposure of interest was fluoride toothbrushing frequency.ResultsFluoride toothbrushing once per day or twice or more per day by patients 9–17 was significantly associated with a 50% lower mean caries rate compared with fluoride toothbrushing less than once per day, after adjustment for covariates [rate ratios (RR) = 0.5; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.3–0.8]. After adjustment, for patients 18–64, fluoride toothbrushing two or more times per day was significantly associated with a 40% lower recent mean caries rate (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.9); in patients 65+, twice a day or more fluoride toothbrushing was not associated with lower caries rates (RR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.7–1.8). Of the other oral hygiene variables, after adjustment, patients 18–64 who rinsed with water after brushing had a 40% lower mean caries rate compared with no rinsing (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.9) and the presence of readily visible heavy plaque was significantly associated with an increase in the mean caries rate for patients 18–64 (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2–2.2) and 65+ (RR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.8–3.5).ConclusionsIn the present study, the frequency of fluoride toothbrushing and the presence of readily visible heavy plaque were the factors most strongly associated with mean caries rate. In young patients with permanent dentition, the daily application of fluoride toothpaste appears more important than emphasis on thorough plaque removal. While for adults, the protective effect of twice daily fluoride toothbrushing disappears with advancing age and the presence of readily visible heavy plaque becomes increasingly associated with caries risk.
T cell‐mediated induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Hui C. C. K. , Murphy D. M. , Neighbour H. , Al‐Sayegh M. , O'Byrne S. , Thong B. , Denburg J. A. , Larché M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundInhaled peptide challenge has been shown to induce T cell‐mediated, isolated late asthmatic reaction (LAR), characterized by recruitment of CD4+ T cells and increased levels of thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17). Epithelial‐derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been shown to modulate dendritic cell function to promote TH2 responses via CCL17 production.ObjectivesTo elucidate the mechanisms involved in allergen‐specific T cell‐induced LAR and recruitment of CD4+ T cells by examining the effects of T cell‐derived factors on the induction of TSLP in primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC).MethodsPBEC grown at air–liquid interface from healthy individuals and patients with asthma were stimulated with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) or supernatants from activated allergen‐specific T cells. TSLP was measured in PBEC culture supernatants. Neutralizing antibodies and signalling inhibitors were used to examine the mechanisms responsible for the induction of epithelial‐derived TSLP. The functional activity of PBEC‐derived TSLP was measured using a bioassay involving the induction of CCL17 production from monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC).ResultsBoth dsRNA and allergen‐specific T cells induced enhanced TSLP secretion from asthmatic PBEC compared to healthy PBEC. Activated PBEC culture supernatant induced TSLP‐dependent CCL17 production from moDC in a manner related to clinical asthmatic status. IL‐1β, IL‐6, and CXCL8, rather than TH2 cytokines (IL‐4/5/13), appeared to be the principle mediators of allergen‐specific T cell‐dependent induction of epithelial‐derived TSLP, which was regulated by the MEK, MAPK, and NFκB pathways.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOur data reveal a novel effect of allergen‐specific T cells as a positive regulator of TSLP production by epithelial cells, suggesting T cell–airway epithelium interactions that may lead to maintenance and amplification of allergic inflammation. TSLP is currently a candidate for therapeutic intervention in asthma, but the factors that drive TSLP expression (T cell‐derived factors) may be equally relevant in the treatment of allergic inflammation.
Environmental risk factors related to the incidence of wheeze and asthma in adolescence
Authors: Hedman L. , Andersson M. , Bjerg A. , Forsberg B. , Lundbäck B. , Rönmark E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is common among adolescents, but there are few population‐based studies on the risk factors for incident asthma and wheeze at this age group.ObjectiveTo study risk factors for incident asthma and wheeze in adolescence.MethodWithin the Obstructive Lung Disease In Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies, a cohort of 3430 school children (age 7–8 year) was recruited in 1996. In the present study, this cohort was followed from age 12–19 year. At baseline (age 12 year), 3151 participated and skin prick tests (SPT) were performed. The cohort was resurveyed annually, and risk factors for the cumulative incidence of asthma and wheeze from age 12–19 year were analysed using multivariate Cox regression.ResultsFemale sex (wheeze: HR 1.4 95%CI 1.2–1.6; asthma: HR 1.8 95%CI 1.2–2.5) and a positive SPT to cat, dog or horse at baseline (wheeze: HR 1.6 95%CI 1.2–2.1; asthma: HR 2.3 95%CI 1.4–4.0) were significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of wheeze and asthma. Increasing numbers of siblings were inversely related to the incidence of wheeze (HR 0.9 95%CI 0.8–0.97) and asthma (HR 0.8 95%CI 0.7–0.97). Parental asthma was related to the incidence of asthma (HR 1.8 95%CI 1.2–2.6) while ever smoking (HR 2.0 95%CI 1.6–2.4) and house dampness (HR 1.3 95%CI 1.1–1.6) were risk factors for the incidence of wheeze. Maternal ETS exposure increased the risk of incident asthma in non‐sensitized subjects (HR 1.9 95%CI 1.0–3.7).Conclusion and clinical relevanceSeveral environmental risk factors related to the incidence of asthma and wheeze in adolescence were identified and may be possible targets for intervention and prevention.