bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the implementation of Children's Trust arrangements
Authors: Devanney Carol , Wistow Richard 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore findings from the children's services mapping (CSM) policy monitoring exercise on the implementation of Children's Trust arrangements in England in 2008 and 2009. It outlines progress made in implementation in the context of debates on Children's Trusts and partnership working, considering where progress was being made and where implementation was less well developed. The future of partnership working in children's services and the role of the data collection in public service policy monitoring are discussed.Design/methodology/approachResponses are from a sub‐set of 74 local authorities to a self‐completion questionnaire on Children's Trust implementation in 2008 and 2009 as part of the CSM annual policy monitoring exercise.FindingsFindings, presented within the context of Government policy on children's services reform and literature on partnership working, indicate increases in the number of Children's Trusts implementing joint and strategic working. However, not all agencies under a statutory duty were represented on the Board and joint commissioning arrangements had declined.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings and discussion consider the limitations of the method of data collection.Originality/valueThis paper presents the most recent information on implementing Children's Trust arrangements, drawing on responses from 49 per cent of local authority areas. Data from two years of the CSM collection alongside earlier research findings indicate progress at the strategic level, but careful reading of the data and literature also suggests an increasingly challenging environment for establishing and maintaining partnership working within children's services.
Winners and losers: a meta‐analysis of functional determinants of fighting ability in arthropod contests
Authors: Vieira Marcos C. , Peixoto Paulo E. C. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMany game‐theoretical models assume that the outcome of agonistic interactions depends on morphological and physiological asymmetries between rivals (theRHP‐asymmetry hypothesis). However, some empirical studies fail at identifying traits linked to fighting capacity and are thus unable to support the role ofRHPin contest resolution. Perhaps the role ofRHPasymmetries in contest resolution is less general than previously thought.IfRHPasymmetries are indeed important, then the actual suite of relevant traits should depend on how costs are accrued during disputes (the functional hypothesis). In species in which contests involve physical contact at some stage, strength‐related traits should be important, whereas in species in which disputes do not involve physical contact, persistence‐related traits should determine individual fighting ability.We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the generality of morphological and physiological asymmetries between winners and losers in arthropod contests. We also investigated whether the suite of traits determining fighting ability differs between disputes involving physical contact and disputes in which physical contact is absent.We show thatRHPasymmetries are a general property of contest settlement among arthropods. However, strength‐related traits did not have a greater effect than persistence‐related traits in determining the settlement of disputes involving physical contact. Neither did persistence‐related traits have a greater role in disputes without physical contact than in those involving physical contact.We provide the first quantitative assessment of the generality and magnitude ofRHPasymmetries in contest resolution among arthropods. As different suites of traits were important regardless of the type of dispute, we highlight the importance of considering functionally diverse morphological and physiological traits when trying to identify determinants of fighting ability in agonistic interactions, instead of focusing on a few functionally similar traits.The assumption of fighting capacity differences among rivals in game‐theoretical models was supported by our data. Consequently, models predicting contest settlement based on uncorrelated asymmetries are incompatible with the observation that winners and losers consistently differ in certain attributes.
Rapid ontogenetic niche expansions in invasive Chinese tallow tree permit establishment in unfavourable but variable environments and can be exploited to streamline restoration
Authors: Gabler Christopher A. , Siemann Evan 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Reinvasion pressure is the rate of new exotic recruitment following mature exotic removal and it can vary broadly among similarly invaded habitats. Reinvasion pressure drives restoration outcomes and costs but is difficult to predict and poorly understood. Chinese tallow tree Triadica sebifera is a major invader demonstrating broad variation in average reinvasion pressure. We hypothesize this variation arises from differences in moisture regimes among habitats, which drive differences in Triadica recruitment but are masked because Triadica exhibits ontogenetic niche expansions (increases in niche breadth during development) that enable dominance in habitats where average recruitment success is low.

We began testing this hypothesis by quantifying Triadica's capacity for ontogenetic moisture niche expansions. We performed greenhouse experiments examining how soil moisture affects germination likelihood and timing and how soil moisture and seedling age influenced seedling survival and performance, plus a field experiment quantifying survival and performance of differently aged seedlings within a restoration site that has exhibited low average reinvasion pressure.

Moisture requirements for germination were the most constrained of any life stage. No germination occurred in saturated or flooded soils despite high seedling survival in comparable conditions. Germination timing varied among suitable moisture treatments.

Seedling survival increased rapidly with age across moisture treatments and in the field. Above‐ground biomass increased with age; tissue‐specific performance metrics also increased but reflected seed provisioning, age‐specific carbon allocation preferences, or tissue shedding for survival. Crucial moisture*age interactions that signify ontogenetic niche expansions were significant for all survival metrics and all but one performance metric.

Survival and performance were generally highest in intermediate moistures, modestly reduced in saturated conditions and lowest in water‐limited conditions.

Synthesis and applications. Our results show Triadica exhibits rapid ontogenetic moisture niche expansions, which could decouple mature Triadica density and average reinvasion pressure. Therefore, density is an unreliable predictor of reinvasion but is commonly used to guide Triadica management, and cryptic opportunities exist for inexpensive and straightforward restorations. Reliable moisture niche‐based estimates of Triadica's average reinvasion pressure are feasible and may improve restoration efficacy and efficiency by informing site selection and optimal management strategies.
Effects of children's working memory capacity and processing speed on their sentence imitation performance
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Miller Carol A. , Mainela‐Arnold Elina , Adams Katharine Donnelly , Misra Maya , Park Ji Sook 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundMore limited working memory capacity and slower processing for language and cognitive tasks are characteristics of many children with language difficulties. Individual differences in processing speed have not consistently been found to predict language ability or severity of language impairment. There are conflicting views on whether working memory and processing speed are integrated or separable abilities.AimsTo evaluate four models for the relations of individual differences in children's processing speed and working memory capacity in sentence imitation. The models considered whether working memory and processing speed are integrated or separable, as well as the effect of the number of operations required per sentence. The role of working memory as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation was also evaluated.Methods & ProceduresForty‐six children with varied language and reading abilities imitated sentences. Working memory was measured with the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT), and processing speed was measured with a composite of truth‐value judgment and rapid automatized naming tasks. Mixed‐effects ordinal regression models evaluated the CLPT and processing speed as predictors of sentence imitation item scores. A single mediator model evaluated working memory as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation total scores.Outcomes & ResultsWorking memory was a reliable predictor of sentence imitation accuracy, but processing speed predicted sentence imitation only as a component of a processing speed by number of operations interaction. Processing speed predicted working memory capacity, and there was evidence that working memory acted as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation accuracy.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe findings support a refined view of working memory and processing speed as separable factors in children's sentence imitation performance. Processing speed does not independently explain sentence imitation accuracy for all sentence types, but contributes when the task requires more mental operations. Processing speed also has an indirect effect on sentence imitation by contributing to working memory capacity.
Towards sustainable tourism: The need to integrate conservation and development using the Buccoo Reef Marine Park, Tobago, West Indies
Authors: Hassanali Kahlil 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn many countries of the Caribbean, tourism is a mainstay to economies. Semi‐autonomous Tobago's Buccoo Reef Marine Park (BRMP) was established as one of the island's premier tourist attractions. However, the increasing and poorly regulated activity in the coastal zone that is taking place to complement the burgeoning tourism industry, threatens the ecological integrity of the Buccoo Reef. This paper investigates the synergies between conservation, sustainable tourism and improving societal economic and social well‐being. Within a framework that recognises the strategic importance of a competitive tourism product, it examines how the Buccoo Reef impacts the livelihoods and ongoing development in Tobago. It explores the extent and probable causes for the Reef's decline. Proposed is how the Park can better achieve conservation of the reef ecosystem while encouraging economic and social growth on the island, with a goal of more effectively managing and sustainably exploiting the coral reef resources of Tobago.
Suicide Pacts: Six Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Prat Sebastien , Rérolle Camille , Saint‐Martin Pauline 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA suicide pact is the decision of two or more people to die together. This event is rare. The majority of suicide pacts victims are married, socially isolated, with a serious physical illness in one or both partners. We performed a retrospective study of all cases of suicide pacts leading to death between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2010 referred to the Forensic Medicine Department of Tours (France). Six cases were recorded as suicide pacts. Firearms were the preferred means of death. Five suicide notes were discovered. For some cases, it was difficult to establish whether death was the result of a suicide pact or of a homicide–suicide without the consent of the victim. An objective element, such as a suicide note and motive, is required to prove that a suicide pact is involved. The prevalence of mental disorders is hard to assess. In France, psychological autopsies are not performed in such cases, as the investigation is usually very sparse after the death of both individuals.
Properties and Water Sorption Characteristics of Spaghetti Prepared Using Various Dies
Authors: Yoshino Masashi , Ogawa Takenobu , Adachi Shuji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpaghetti was prepared using dies made of different materials. The surface was observed using digital and optical microscopes, and was rougher for the spaghettis prepared using the Teflon, polypropylene, polycarbonate, aluminum, and bronze dies in this order. The extrusion velocity when passing through the die was faster, the bulk density was higher, and the rupture strength was greater for the spaghetti having the smoother surface. The die material did not affect the gelatinization temperature. The water sorption curves in boiling water containing 0.5% (w/v) sodium chloride were also observed. The curves were expressed by an equation of the hyperbolic type except for the early stage of sorption in order to estimate the equilibrium amount of water sorbed based on the bone‐dry sample. The momentarily‐sorbed amount of water, which is a hypothetical quantity to characterize the initial water intake, was estimated by fitting the experimental points within 60 s. The amount was higher for the spaghetti having the rougher surface.
Performance in Nondairy Drinks of Probiotic L. casei Strains Usually Employed in Dairy Products
Authors: Céspedes Mario , Cárdenas Pamela , Staffolani Martín , Ciappini María C. , Vinderola Gabriel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract The increase in vegetarianism as dietary habit and the increased allergy episodes against dairy proteins fuel the demand for probiotics in nondairy products. Lactose intolerance and the cholesterol content of dairy products can also be considered two additional reasons why some consumers are looking for probiotics in other foods. We aimed at determining cell viability in nondairy drinks and resistance to simulated gastric digestion of commercial probiotic lactobacilli commonly used in dairy products. Lactobacillus casei LC‐01 and L. casei BGP 93 were added to different commercial nondairy drinks and viability and resistance to simulated gastric digestion (pH 2.5, 90 min, 37 °C) were monitored along storage (5 and 20 °C). For both strains, at least one nondairy drink was found to offer cell counts around 7 log orders until the end of the storage period. Changes in resistance to simulated gastric digestion were observed as well. Commercial probiotic cultures of L. casei can be added to commercial fruit juices after a carefull selection of the product that warrants cell viability. The resistance to simulated gastric digestion is an easy‐to‐apply in vitro tool that may contribute to product characterization and may help in the choice of the food matrix when no changes in cell viability are observed along storage. Sensorial evaluation is mandatory before marketing since the product type and storage conditions might influence the sensorial properties of the product due to the possibility of growth and lactic acid production by probiotic bacteria.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2012–31 January 2013
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, Arranz Silvia E. , Avarre Jean‐Christophe , Balasundaram Chellam , Bouza Carmen , Calcaterra Nora B. , Cezilly Frank , Chen Shi‐long , Cipriani Guido , Cruz V. P. , D'Esposito D. , Daniel Carla , Dejean Alain , Dharaneedharan Subramanian , Díaz Juan , Du Man , Durand Jean‐Dominique , Dziadek Jarosław , Foresti F. , Peng‐cheng Fu , Gao Qing‐bo , García Graciela , Gauffre‐Autelin Pauline , Giovino Antonio , Goswami Mukunda , Guarino Carmine , Guerra‐Varela Jorge , Gutiérrez Verónica , Harris D. J. , Heo Moon‐Soo , Khan Gulzar , Kim Mija , Lakra Wazir S. , Lauth Jérémie , Leclercq Pierre , Lee Jeonghwa , Lee Seung‐Ho , Lee Soohyung , Lee Theresa , Li Yin‐hu , Liu Hongbo , Liu Shufang , Malé Pierre‐Jean G. , Mandhan Rishi Pal , Martinez Paulino , Mayer Veronika E. , Mendel Jan , Mendes N. J. , F. Mendonça F. , Minias Alina , Minias Piotr , Oh Kyeong‐Suk , Oliveira C. , Orivel Jérôme , Orsini L. , Pardo Belén G. , Perera A. , Procaccini G. , Rato C. , Ríos Néstor , Scibetta Silvia , Sharma Bhagwati S. , Sierens Tim , Singh Akhilesh , Terer Taita , Triest Ludwig , Urbánková Soňa , Vera Manuel , Villanova Gabriela V. , Voglmayr Hermann , Vyskočilová Martina , Wang Hongying , Wang Jiu‐li , Wattier Rémi A. , Xing Rui , Yadav Kamalendra , Yin Guibo , Yuan Yanjiao , Yun Jong‐Chul , Zhang Fa‐qi , Zhang Jing‐hua , Zhuang Zhimeng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Chamaerops humilis, Chlidonias hybrida, Cyperus papyrus, Fusarium graminearum, Loxigilla barbadensis, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Odontesthes bonariensis, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Posidonia oceanica, Potamotrygon motoro, Rhamdia quelen, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sibiraea angustata, Takifugu rubripes, Tarentola mauritanica, Trimmatostroma sp. and Wallago attu. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Alburnoides fasciatus, Alburnoides kubanicus, Alburnoides maculatus, Alburnoides ohridanus, Alburnoides prespensis, Alburnoides rossicus, Alburnoides strymonicus, Alburnoides thessalicus, Alburnoides tzanevi, Carassius carassius, Fusarium asiaticum, Leucaspius delineatus, Loxigilla noctis dominica, Pelecus cultratus, Phoenix canariensis, Potamotrygon falkneri, Trachycarpus fortune and Vimba vimba.
Assessment of changes in cardiac index and fluid responsiveness: a comparison of Nexfin and transpulmonary thermodilution
Authors: FISCHER M. ‐O. , COUCORAVAS J. , TRUONG J. , ZHU L. , GÉRARD J. ‐L. , HANOUZ J. ‐L. , FELLAHI J. ‐L. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe Nexfin device uses non‐invasive photoplethysmography to monitor cardiac output and respiratory variations in pulse pressure and stroke volume. The aim of this study was to compare rapid changes in cardiac index after fluid challenge between Nexfin and bolus transpulmonary thermodilution and the ability to predict fluid responsiveness of dynamic indices given by Nexfin.MethodsSimultaneous comparative cardiac index were collected from transpulmonary thermodilution and Nexfin before and after fluid challenge in 45 patients following conventional cardiac surgery. Correlations, Bland–Altman analyses and percentage errors were calculated. Pulse pressure variations and stroke volume variations before fluid challenge were collected to assess their discrimination in predicting fluid responsiveness.ResultsEight (18%) patients were excluded. A weak positive relationship was found between rapid changes in cardiac index after fluid challenge given by both technologies (n = 37, r = 0.39, P = 0.019). Bias, precision and limits of agreements were 0.20 l/min/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.40), 0.57 l/min/m2 and ± 1.12 l/min/m2 before fluid challenge, and 0.01 l/min/m2 (95% CI −0.24 to 0.26), 0.74 l/min/m2 and ± 1.45 l/min/m2 after fluid challenge. Percentage errors between Nexfin and transpulmonary thermodilution were 55% and 58% before and after fluid challenge, respectively. Pulse pressure variations and stroke volume variations given by Nexfin were not discriminant to predict fluid responsiveness: areas under receiver operating characteristics curves 0.57 (95% CI 0.40–0.73) and 0.50 (0.33–0.67), respectively.ConclusionsThe Nexfin cannot be used to measure rapid changes in cardiac index following fluid challenge and to predict fluid responsiveness after cardiac surgery.
The Effects of Alcohol on Responses to Nicotine‐Containing and Denicotinized Cigarettes in Dependent and Nondaily Smokers
Authors: Barrett Sean P. , Campbell Mallory L. , Roach Sean , Stewart Sherry H. , Darredeau Christine 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAlcohol consumption has been linked to increased tobacco use and craving in both dependent and nondaily smokers, yet the extent to which these relationships depend on interactions involving nicotine remains unclear. This study examined the acute effects of alcohol on the subjective and behavioral responses to nicotine‐containing tobacco and denicotinized tobacco in 17 (10 male) dependent daily smokers (DDS) and 23 (11 male) nondependent nondaily smokers (NNS).MethodsDuring 4 randomized double‐blind sessions, participants assessed the effects of nicotine‐containing tobacco or denicotinized tobacco following the administration of a moderately intoxicating dose of alcohol (mean blood alcohol concentration = 0.076 g/dl) or a placebo beverage. They could then self‐administer additional puffs of the same type of cigarette sampled over a 60‐minute period using a progressive ratio task.ResultsIn NNS, alcohol significantly increased the self‐administration of both nicotine‐containing and denicotinized cigarettes, and no differences in self‐administration were observed between the 2 types of tobacco within either beverage condition. In contrast, in DDS, alcohol was associated with decreased denicotinized tobacco self‐administration relative to the placebo beverage condition as well as with increased self‐administration of nicotine‐containing tobacco relative to denicotinized tobacco. DDS also exhibited relatively elevated craving following the administration of a nicotine‐containing cigarette in the alcohol beverage condition.ConclusionsFindings suggest that nicotine may be critical to the drinking–smoking relationship in DDS, but that nonnicotine smoking factors may be more important in NNS.
Examining the Relationship Between Alcohol‐Energy Drink Risk Profiles and High‐Risk Drinking Behaviors
Authors: Varvil‐Weld Lindsey , Marzell Miesha , Turrisi Rob , Mallett Kimberly A. , Cleveland Michael J. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe mixing of alcohol and energy drinks (AMEDs) is a trend among college students associated with higher rates of heavy episodic drinking and negative alcohol‐related consequences. The goals of this study were to take a person‐centered approach to identify distinct risk profiles of college students based on AMED‐specific constructs (expectancies, attitudes, and norms) and examine longitudinal associations between AMED use, drinking, and consequences.MethodsA random sample of incoming freshmen (n = 387, 59% female) completed measures of AMED use, AMED‐specific expectancies, attitudes, and normative beliefs, and drinking quantity and alcohol‐related consequences. Data were collected at 2 occasions: spring semester of freshmen year and fall semester of sophomore year.ResultsLatent profile analysis identified 4 subgroups of individuals: occasional AMED, anti‐AMED, pro‐AMED, and strong peer influence. Individuals in the pro‐AMED group reported the most AMED use, drinking, and consequences. There was a unique association between profile membership and AMED use, even after controlling for drinking.ConclusionsFindings highlighted the importance of AMED‐specific expectancies, attitudes, and norms. The unique association between AMED risk profiles and AMED use suggests AMED use is a distinct behavior that could be targeted by AMED‐specific messages included in existing brief interventions for alcohol use.