bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supportive Care Needs of Parents Caring for Children with Leukemia: a latent class analysis
Authors: WANG Jingting , ZHENG Zhuting , BI Xuanyi , Zhang Wen , WANG Yingwen , WU Huifang , YANG Qi , MA Linyu , Geng Zhaohui , YUAN Changrong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Parents’ supportive care needs directly affect their quality of life and the quality of care for their children diagnosed with leukemia.
Objectives: To identify supportive care needs of Chinese parents in the unobserved subgroups who care for children with leukemia and to examine the associations of the latent class membership with individual characteristics.
Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey study was conducted. A total of 221 parents who had children with leukemia were surveyed in China with the Chinese version of the Supportive Care Needs Survey for Caregivers of Children with Pediatric Cancer (SCNS-C-Ped-C). Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to identify latent classes of parents according to supportive care needs. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association between individual characteristics and the latent class membership.
Results: LCA results suggested a 2-class solution: Class 1-“high supportive care needs” class (n=150, 67.9%), and Class 2-“low supportive care needs” class (n=71, 32.1%). Parents with children at early stage of treatment, being married, with lower household income, locating in the same city with the treatment hospital, having lower disease cognitive ability and higher person-centered care skills, and with lower balancing caregiving needs and one’s own needs were more likely to be in the “high supportive care” class.
Conclusion: There existed two distinct classes of parents caring for children with leukemia on the basis of supportive care needs. The class membership was significantly associated with children’s treatment duration, parents’ marital status, family income, distance to the hospital, daily caregiving time, and parents’ caregiving ability.
Implications for Practice: These findings may be helpful in the development of personalized supportive care interventions for parents of children with leukemia.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis of Durvalumab in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Abegesah Aburough , Oh Do-Youn , Lim KyoungSoo , Fan Chunling , Chen Cecil , Kim Chong , Wang Julie , Xynos Ioannis , Żotkiewicz Magdalena , Ren Song , Phipps Alex , Gibbs Megan , Zhou Diansong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine/cisplatin has shown a favorable benefit-risk profile in the TOPAZ-1 study for advanced biliary tract cancers (BTC). This analysis evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of durvalumab, and exposure-response for efficacy and safety (ERES) of TOPAZ-1.
Methods: The PopPK model for durvalumab was updated using data from 5 previously analysed studies and TOPAZ-1. Individual exposure metrics were derived from the individual empirical Bayes estimates as drivers for exposure-response (ER) analysis related to efficacy and safety.
Results: Consistent with previous analyses, the durvalumab pharmacokinetics in BTC followed a 2-compartment model with time-dependent clearance. The final population parameters were: CL, 0.298 L/day; V1, 3.42 L; V2, 1.99 L; Q, 0.452 L/day; and the time dependent clearance suggests that the clearance could decrease up to 39% over the time course of treatment. There were 111 patients (3.53%) with treatment-emergent ADA positive in the pooled group of 6 studies, and the exposure was comparable for ADA positive and negative patients. Covariates had minimal clinical impact on PopPK parameters. No significant associations were found between exposure and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), using Cox proportional analysis (CPH). Logistic regression analysis indicated no significant relationship between the exposure and relevant adverse events measures of Grade 3 and higher treatment-related AE, Grade 3 and higher treatment-related AESI (AEs of special interest), or AE leading to treatment discontinuation.
Conclusions: No dose adjustment for durvalumab is needed based on PopPK and ERES analyses. The analysis supports the TOPAZ-1 regimen for patients with advanced BTC.
Apocynin, a natural acetophenone suppresses cell proliferation, migration and induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780
Authors: Zhu Qian , Tang Xuyuan , Wang Ke , Cheng Wei , Zhou Dongmei , Huang Yanhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, the ameliorative effects of apocynin against ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and induction of apoptosis were studied in vitro. A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and Vero normal epithelial cells were treated with apocynin and subjected to cytotoxicity assays. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were quantified in apocynin-treated A2780 cells to assess the anticancer effect of apocynin. Staining techniques with DCFH-DA, Rhodamine-123, and AO/EtBr were done to analyze the ROS-induced apoptosis in A2780 cells. A wound scratch assay was performed to examine the effect of apocynin on cell migration. Flow cytometric analysis was done to analyze cell cycle arrest in apocynin-treated A2780 cells. To confirm the apoptosis in apocynin-treated cells, the apoptotic proteins were quantified using kits. Apocynin treatment significantly inhibited growth andpromoted oxidative stress and apoptosis in A2780 cells. The results of fluorescent staining assays clearly state that apocynin increases ROS levels and thereby induces lipid peroxidation, which leads to cell death. Apocynin treatment caused cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in A2780 cells, which were confirmed by the flow cytometry results and an increase in caspases, bax, and a decrease in bcl2 levels, respectively. Apocynin treatment also inhibited cell migration, which was evidenced by our wound scratch assay. Overall, our findings confirm that apocynin significantly inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration, and induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer A2780 cells.
Enhancing Social Functioning using Multi-user, Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Holt Daphne J , DeTore Nicole R , Aideyan Babatunde , Utter Lauren , Vinke Louis , Johnson Daniel S , Zimmerman Jordan , Dokholyan Katherine N , Burke Anne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Rates of loneliness and other forms of social disconnection have been increasing worldwide over the past decade. Prior studies have suggested that brief behavioral interventions can impact this problem but, currently, access to such interventions is very limited. One previously untested approach for addressing this gap is immersive, multi-user virtual reality (VR).
Methods
To measure the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this approach, 33 young adults experiencing social discomfort were enrolled in a study of an immersive, multi-user VR behavioral intervention called Reconnecting with Ourselves and Others in virtual Meetings (ROOM), which was adapted from a previously validated, mindfulness-based intervention. Quantitative measures of aspects of social functioning, including social comfort, interpersonal distance and facial affect recognition, were collected before and after participants completed ROOM.
Results
All of the participants attended more than half of the sessions and 90.3% found ROOM to be beneficial and useful. In addition, comfort with others in the real world (p = .02) and facial affect recognition accuracy (p = .02) significantly increased, while interpersonal distances remained unchanged, following ROOM.
Conclusions
An immersive, multi-user VR, mindfulness-based intervention may represent one feasible, scalable approach for disseminating skills that can improve social functioning and connection.
Clinicaltrial.org # NCT06360562
Prediction Model for Individualized Precision Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients with Complete Response on MRI and Residual Calcifications on Mammography after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Kwon Mi-ri , Ko Eun Young , Lee Jeong Eon , Han Boo-Kyung , Ko Eun Sook , Choi Ji Soo , Kim Haejung , Kim Myoung Kyoung , Yu Jonghan , Lee Hyunwoo , Youn Inyoung 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate factors predicting calcifications without residual carcinoma (ypCalc_0) or with residual carcinoma (ypCalc_ca) and to develop a prediction model for patients exhibiting residual suspicious calcifications on mammography but complete response on MRI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Methods
This retrospective study included breast cancer patients undergoing NAC, showing residual suspicious mammographic calcifications but complete response on MRI between January 2019 and December 2020 (development set) and between January 2021 and December 2022 (validation set). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified significant factors associated with ypCalc_0. The prediction model, developed using a decision tree and factors from logistic regression analysis, was validated in the validation set.
Results
The development set included 134 women (mean age, 50.6 years; 91 with ypCalc_0 and 43 with ypCalc_ca) and validation set included 146 women (mean age, 51.0 years; 108 with ypCalc_0 and 38 with ypCalc_ca). Molecular subtype (P = .0002) and high Ki-67 (P = .02) emerged as significant independent factors associated with ypCalc_0 in the development set. The prediction model, incorporating hormone receptor (HR)−/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) + with high Ki-67 as ypCalc_0 predictors, and HR+/HER2 − cancers or HR+/HER2 + or triple negative (TN) cancers with low Ki-67, as ypCalc_ca predictors, achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.844 (95% CI, 0.774 − 0.914) in the validation set.
Conclusion
Minimized surgery may be considered for managing residual calcifications in HR−/HER2 + with high Ki-67 cancers, while complete excision is recommended for HR+/HER2 − breast cancers or for HR+/HER2 + or TN breast cancers with low Ki-67.
Re-evaluating the Use of Contraction Stress Test in Term Fetal Growth Restriction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alter Roie , HERZ Hagar , COHEN Adiel , LESSANS Naama , EZRA Yossef , KABIRI Doron 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic utility of the contraction stress test (CST) for fetuses diagnosed with Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and its impact on perinatal outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from term singleton deliveries over two years. FGR was diagnosed with a birthweight below the 3rd percentile or prenatally below the 10th percentile with abnormal Doppler findings. The comparison included SGA fetuses, defined by birthweight between the 3rd and 10th percentiles. The cohort was categorized into three groups: 1) FGR with negative CST, 2) FGR without CST, and 3) SGA fetuses. Primary outcomes were emergency cesarean delivery rates, and secondary outcomes included composite neonatal adverse events and a combined metric of neonatal and maternal adverse events.
Results
The analysis included 1,688 records: 33 FGR with negative CST, 275 FGR without CST, and 1,123 SGA. Emergency cesarean delivery rates were similar between FGR with negative CST (15.2%) and without CST (14.9%), but higher compared to SGA (9.7%, p = .025). Composite neonatal adverse events did not differ significantly between FGR groups (21.2% vs 24.7%) but were higher than SGA (8.1%, p < .001). Combined neonatal and maternal adverse events also did not differ between FGR groups (30.3% vs 33.5%) but were higher than SGA (15.1%, p < .001).
Conclusion
The contraction stress test did not reduce the risk of adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes in fetuses diagnosed with fetal growth restriction.
Screening of flavonoids in Flower buds of Sophora japonica L. with high activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and inhibitory mechanism research
Authors: Sun Jinting , Zhang Ranying , Xiong Jiayan , Li Jinlin , Zhang Chaoyang , Ma Yunfeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this article, a method was established to screen compounds with enzyme activity inhibition in vitro using chromatographic analysis. The flower buds of Sophora japonica L. (FBSJ) were found to contain abundant flavonoids. And then these flavonoids were screened for the high inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using HPLC fingerprint and activity difference analysis. Consistent conclusions were drawn from multiple techniques, including the reported technique, IC50 data, and our method. The inhibitory mechanism was furtherly analyzed through enzyme inhibition kinetics, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectrometry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. Among the six flavonoid components studied, quercetin acted as a competitive inhibitor against α-amylase, while kaempferol showed a mixed manner of inhibition against α-glucosidase. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that quercetin and kaempferol had higher binding energy and bind more tightly. Generally, flavonols exhibited higher inhibitory activity than their corresponding flavonol glycosides against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Quercetin and kaempferol in FBSJ showed potential as inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study not only presented a novel method for screening compounds with high activity, but also provided a theoretical basis for studying the application and mechanism of flavonoids against α-amylase and α-glucosidase in FBSJ.
Clinical significance of appendicoliths in conservative treatment of acute complicated appendicitis patients with peri-appendiceal abscess: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Min Lingqiang , Lu Jing , He Hongyong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The optimal conservative treatment options for acute complicated appendicitis with peri-appendiceal abscess remain controversial. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of patients who received conservative treatment for this condition, identify factors influencing the success rate, and improve treatment strategies.
Methods
The clinical data of acute complicated appendicitis patients with peri-appendiceal abscess who received conservative treatment at the Department of Emergency Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2016 to March 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the outcomes of ultrasound-guided drainage, and their clinicopathological and surgery-related features were compared.
Results
A total of 80 patients were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the outcomes of ultrasound-guided drainage: The Drainage group (n = 28) and Antibiotic group (n = 52). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. The mean abscess size was 7.0 cm in the Drainage group and 4.5 cm in the Antibiotic group. Additionally, 21.4% of patients in the Drainage group have an appendicolith, compared to 44.2% in the Antibiotic group. Eight patients in the Drainage group and nine in the Antibiotic group underwent surgery. In the Antibiotic group, the surgery rate was 30.4% for patients with an appendicolith and 6.9% for those without. In the Drainage group, the surgery rate was 33.3% for patients with an appendicolith and 27.3% for those without. The presence of an appendicolith significantly correlated with the need for surgery in the Antibiotic group (P = 0.026), but not in the Drainage group (P = 0.771). For patients who underwent surgery, the incidence of surgical site infections did not differ significantly (P = 0.656), and the median length of postoperative hospital stay was similar between the groups (4.0 days vs. 3.0 days, P = 0.337).
Conclusion
The presence of an appendicolith is a risk factor for the failure of antibiotic therapy alone in acute complicated appendicitis patients with peri-appendiceal abscess. However, it does not affect the surgical rate in those who underwent successful drainage.
Moderate benefit of escape room game on learning outcome in medicine
Authors: Fedorcsak Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Well-designed escape room games engage students with complex problems and challenge clinical and teamwork skills, but their impact on learning has been uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the effect size of escape room game on performance in a broad
knowledge test.
Methods
During clinical rotation in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI), medical students participated in a 3-hour small-group class. For 2 semesters, groups had traditional patient visits and case discussions, and for 3 semesters, patient visits and an escape room game including debrief. The game was set up in the outpatient clinic, the puzzles were taken from clinical problems in REI, and challenges included operating an ultrasound scanner on a mannequin. Mid-semester, students completed a test of general knowledge in REI. To estimate the effect of small group class on declarative knowledge, test scores of students who had already had the class (exposed) were compared to scores of those who had not yet had the class (control).
Results
Students were highly satisfied with gamified teaching. Those who attended the small group class without the escape room game achieved similar scores on knowledge test than control students (Cohen's d = 0.05, 95%CI -0.58 to 0.68, n = 71). Students who played the escape room game achieved marginally higher score than respective controls (Cohen's d = 0.22, 95%CI -0.1 to 0.53, n = 182).
Conclusions
Escape room game may improve learning outcome of a traditional small group class, but the effect of a single game on declarative knowledge is modest and is unlikely to exceed related instructional methods like simulation.
Relationship between NLR and PLR ratios and the occurrence and prognosis of progressive hemorrhagic injury in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Tingting , Yang Zheng , Zhou Bin , Chen Yanfei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to probe the diagnostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ratios for the occurrence of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the relationship with patients’ neurological prognosis.
Methods
One hundred and sixty-six patients with TBI were selected as study subjects. Clinical data were collected from all patients after enrollment, and peripheral blood neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYM), and platelet count (PLT) were recorded by routine blood tests within 24 hours after admission, and NLR and PLR ratios were calculated for all patients. Imaging was completed, and the included patients were categorized into the PHI group (77 patients) and the non-PHI group (89 patients). ROC curves were applied to analyze the diagnostic value of NLR and PLR ratios for PHI. Patients with GOS score ≥ 4 were categorized into the good prognosis group (54 cases) and patients with GOS score < 4 were categorized into the poor prognosis group (34 cases). Logistic regression was executed to analyze the independent factors impacting the neurological prognosis of TBI patients.
Results
The patients in the PHI group had lower GCS scores and PaO2 and higher proportion of pupillary reflex disappearance and AIS versus the non-PHI group (all P < 0.05). Patients in the PHI group had higher WBC levels, NLR and PLR ratios, and lower PLT levels than patients in the non-PHI group (all P < 0.05). The AUC of NLR and PLR ratio for the joint diagnosis of PHI was significantly higher than that of NLR and PLR alone. Age, GCS score, PaO2, AIS, NLR and PLR ratios were independent factors influencing prognosis of TBI patients (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Elevated NLR and PLR ratio can be used as an effective reference basis for assessing the prognosis of patients with TBI, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Impact of Tortuosity of the V1-Segment Vertebral Artery on Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Kang Zhoucheng , Zhao Hanghang , Wei Dong , Li Yang , Shi Rui , Li Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective
Tortuosity of the vasculature poses challenges to mechanical thrombectomy (MT); however, only a few studies have reported the impact of vertebral artery (VA) tortuosity on MT. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of tortuosity of the V1-segment VA on MT in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (AVBAO).
Methods
The patients diagnosed with AVBAO and treated with MT in the Stroke Center of Xijing Hospital from November 2019 to March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the tortuosity of V1-segment VA, patients were divided into tortuous (coiling and kinking) and non-tortuous groups (straight, single-arc, and multi-arc). A binary logistic regression model was established to analyze the association between the tortuosity of V1-segment VA and successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥ 2b), neurological improvement at 7 days, favorable and poor outcome at 90 days, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 24 h. After adjustment for age, baseline National Institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and puncture-to-recanalization time, the impact of tortuosity of the V1-segment VA on outcomes was analyzed.
Results
After screening, 35 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall rate of successful reperfusion was 74.3% (26/35), and 40% (14/34) patients achieved favorable outcomes at 90 days. Subsequently, 15/35 (42.9%) patients were included in the tortuous group, and the remaining 20 patients comprised the non-tortuous group. After adjustment for age, baseline NIHSS score, and puncture-to-recanalization time, the rate of 90-day favorable outcome in the tortuous group was significantly lower than that of the non-tortuous group (20% vs. 57.9%, P = 0.034), while the rates of reperfusion (80% vs. 73.7%) and 7-day neurological improvement (33.3% vs. 36.8%) were similar between the two groups. The incidence of 24-h symptomatic ICH in the tortuous group was higher than that in the non-tortuous group (26.7% vs. 15.8%), albeit not significantly.
Conclusion
In patients with AVBAO, tortuosity of the V1-segment VA was negatively associated with favorable outcomes 90 days after MT.