bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Met Signaling Cascade Is Amplified by the Recruitment of Phosphorylated Met to Lipid Rafts via CD24 and Leads to Drug Resistance in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ono Yoshihiro Joshua , Tanabe Akiko , Tanaka Tomohito , Tanaka Yoshimichi , Hayashi Masami , Terai Yoshito , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in the Western world, and the number of advanced chemotherapy-resistant cancers is increasing with the absolute increase in patients. The development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by cancer cells represents a major challenge in the clinical cure of advanced and metastatic cancers. CD24 has been reported to be a marker for a poor prognosis in several tumors, and we herein examined the functions of CD24 in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma cell lines and evaluated how it contributes to cancer drug resistance. We demonstrated that CD24 was responsible for the recruitment of phosphorylated Met to the lipid raft domain of the cell membrane, resulting in amplification of the Met signaling cascade, ultimately leading endometrial cancer cells to express higher levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Our findings suggest that CD24-mediated amplification of the Met cascade may contribute to the drug resistance of endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(10); 2353–63. ©2015 AACR.
Thirty-Day Readmissions After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis in New York State
Authors: Hannan Edward L. , Samadashvili Zaza , Jordan Desmond , Sundt Thoralf M. , Stamato Nicholas J. , Lahey Stephen J. , Gold Jeffrey P. , Wechsler Andrew , Ashraf Mohammed H. , Ruiz Carlos , Wilson Sean , Smith Craig R. 
Published: July 2015

Background—
Several studies have compared short-term and medium-term mortality rates for patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but no studies have compared short-term readmission rates for the 2 procedures.

Methods and Results—

New York’s Cardiac Surgery Reporting System was used to propensity match 617 TAVI and 1981 SAVR patients using numerous patient risk factors contained in the registry. The 389 propensity-matched pairs were then used to analyze differences in readmission rates between the 2 groups. TAVI and SAVR readmission rates were also compared for patients with a history of congestive heart failure and for patients aged ≥80. Also, reasons for readmission for TAVI and SAVR patients were examined and compared. Readmission rates were not statistically different for all propensity-matched TAVI and SAVR patients (respective rates, 18.8% and 19.3%;
P
=0.86). After further adjustment using a logistic regression model, there was still no significant difference (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [0.68–1.39]). For patients aged ≥80, the 30-day readmission rates were 19.9% and 22.0% (
P
=0.59), and when further adjusted using the logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratio=0.89 (0.55–1.45). For patients with a history of congestive heart failure, the respective rates were 22.8% and 20.4% (
P
=0.56), and with further adjustment, adjusted odds ratio became 1.15 (0.72–1.82).

Conclusions—
There are no statistically significant differences between TAVI and SAVR patients in short-term readmission rates.
Recurrent Stroke
Authors: Andersen Søren Due , Gorst-Rasmussen Anders , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Bach Flemming W. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard 
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—

The CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score and the Essen Stroke Risk Score are respectively used for risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation and in patients with cerebrovascular incidents. We aimed to test the ability of the 2 scores to predict stroke recurrence, death, and cardiovascular events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, or arterial thromboembolism) in a nationwide Danish cohort study, among patients with incident ischemic stroke and no atrial fibrillation.

Methods—

We conducted a registry-based study in patients with incident ischemic stroke and no atrial fibrillation. Patients were stratified according to the CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score and the Essen Stroke Risk Score and were followed up until stroke recurrence or death. We estimated stratified incidence rates and hazard ratios and calculated the cumulative risks.

Results—
42 182 patients with incident ischemic stroke with median age 70.1 years were included. The overall 1-year incidence rates of recurrent stroke, death, and cardiovascular events were 3.6%, 10.5%, and 6.7%, respectively. The incidence rates, the hazard ratios, and the cumulative risk of all outcomes increased with increasing risk scores. C-statistics for both risk scores were around 0.55 for 1-year stroke recurrence and cardiovascular events and correspondingly for death around 0.67 for both scores.

Conclusions—

In this cohort of non–atrial fibrillation patients with incident ischemic stroke, increasing CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score and Essen Stroke Risk Score was associated with increasing risk of recurrent stroke, death, and cardiovascular events. Their discriminatory performance was modest and further refinements are required for clinical application.
Dabigatran Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kate Mahesh , Gioia Laura , Buck Brian , Sivakumar Leka , Jeerakathil Thomas , Shuaib Ashfaq , Butcher Kenneth 
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—
Acute ischemic stroke patients are at risk of early recurrence. We tested the feasibility and safety of initiating dabigatran in patients, within 24 hours of minor stroke in patients without atrial fibrillation.

Methods—
Minor stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) without atrial fibrillation and evidence of acute infarction on magnetic resonance imaging were treated with dabigatran. Treatment began within 24 hours of onset and was continued for 30 days. The primary end point was symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation.

Results—
A total of 53 patients with median (interquartile range) age of 68 (57–77) years and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 1 (0–2) were enrolled. Baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volume was 0.8 (0.3–2.4) mL. No patients experienced symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. Three patients had evidence of asymptomatic petechial hemorrhagic transformation on day 7, which remained stable at day 30, while continuing dabigatran.

Conclusions—
Dabigatran treatment within 24 hours of minor stroke is feasible. A larger randomized trial is required to confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment approach.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT 01769703.
A New Instrumented Airborne Platform for Atmospheric Research
Authors: Hamill Patrick , Iraci Laura T. , Yates Emma L. , Gore Warren , Bui T. Paul , Tanaka Tomoaki , Loewenstein Max 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The NASA Ames Research Center operates a new research platform for atmospheric studies: an instrumented Alpha Jet. The present complement of instruments allows for the determination of carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor, and methane concentrations as well as measurements of three-dimensional wind speeds, temperature, and pressure. Planned future instrumentation includes an Air-Core sampler and an instrument to measure formaldehyde. We give examples of measurements that have been made, including measurements carried out during a downward spiral over an expected methane source. An attractive property of this airborne system is its ability to respond rapidly to unexpected atmospheric events such as large forest fires or severe air quality events.
Influence of Enhanced Abyssal Diapycnal Mixing on Stratification and the Ocean Overturning Circulation
Authors: Mashayek A. , Ferrari R. , Nikurashin M. , Peltier W. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is composed of interconnected overturning cells that transport cold dense abyssal waters formed at high latitudes back to the surface. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in setting the rate and patterns of the various overturning cells that constitute the MOC. The focus of the analyses in this paper will be on the influence of sharp vertical variations in mixing on the MOC and ocean stratification. Mixing is enhanced close to the ocean bottom topography where internal waves generated by the interaction of tides and geostrophic motions with topography break. It is shown that the sharp vertical variations in mixing lead to the formation of three layers with different dynamical balances governing meridional flow. Specifically, an abyssal bottom boundary layer forms above the ocean floor where mixing is largest and hosts the northward transport of the heaviest waters from the southern channel to the closed basins. A deep layer forms above the bottom layer in which the upwelled waters return south. A third adiabatic layer lies above the other two. While the adiabatic layer has been studied in detail in recent years, the deep and bottom layers are less appreciated. It is shown that the bottom layer, which is not resolved or allowed for in most idealized models, must be present to satisfy the no flux boundary condition at the ocean floor and that its thickness is set by the vertical profile of mixing. The deep layer spans a considerable depth range of the ocean within which the stratification scale is set by mixing, in line with the classic view of Munk in 1966.
Influential Role of Moisture Supply from the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension in the Rapid Development of an Extratropical Cyclone
Authors: Hirata Hidetaka , Kawamura Ryuichi , Kato Masaya , Shinoda Taro 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study focused on an explosive cyclone migrating along the southern periphery of the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension in the middle of January 2013 and examined how those warm currents played an active role in the rapid development of the cyclone using a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean regional model. The evolutions of surface fronts of the simulated cyclone resemble the Shapiro–Keyser model. At the time of the maximum deepening rate, strong mesoscale diabatic heating areas appear over the bent-back front and the warm front east of the cyclone center. Diabatic heating over the bent-back front and the eastern warm front is mainly induced by the condensation of moisture imported by the cold conveyor belt (CCB) and the warm conveyor belt (WCB), respectively. The dry air parcels transported by the CCB can receive large amounts of moisture from the warm currents, whereas the very humid air parcels transported by the WCB can hardly be modified by those currents. The well-organized nature of the CCB plays a key role not only in enhancing surface evaporation from the warm currents but also in importing the evaporated vapor into the bent-back front. The imported vapor converges at the bent-back front, leading to latent heat release. The latent heating facilitates the cyclone’s development through the production of positive potential vorticity in the lower troposphere. Its deepening can, in turn, reinforce the CCB. In the presence of a favorable synoptic-scale environment, such a positive feedback process can lead to the rapid intensification of a cyclone over warm currents.
Thermodynamic Observations and Flux Calculations of the Tropical Cyclone Surface Layer within the Context of Potential Intensity
Authors: Kowaleski Alex M. , Evans Jenni L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Thermodynamic variables including temperature, humidity, and equivalent potential temperature are obtained and calculated from 88 buoy and C-MAN time series of 38 Atlantic hurricanes. Radial profiles of these variables are compared to the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer idealization in potential intensity (PI) theory. For the composite hurricane, temperature decreases by 2.4 K between the environmental far field and the radius of maximum winds (RMW), in contrast to the PI boundary layer profile, which is radially isothermal outside the RMW. Observationally derived moisture and equivalent potential temperature (moist entropy) begin to increase with decreasing radius beyond the RMW, especially for the subset of category 3–5 hurricanes. This suggests the relevance of ocean–air fluxes beyond the RMW to increasing the moist entropy of eyewall updrafts. Ocean–air enthalpy fluxes produced by 85 time series with sea surface temperature data are explored using the bulk aerodynamic flux formulation and two methods that explicitly account for sea spray. Formulations incorporating sea spray produce greater total enthalpy fluxes, especially near the RMW. Total enthalpy fluxes calculated using composite observed conditions differ substantially from fluxes calculated using the idealizations of classic PI theory, though the sign of the difference depends on the calculation method used. Observed conditions may yield higher maximum intensities if maximum intensity is governed by the energy production–frictional dissipation balance under the eyewall. However, if TC intensity is governed by the entropy gained by inflow air, no matter where entropy is acquired, observed conditions may yield lower intensities than the classic PI theory boundary layer.
Do Stock Prices Impact Consumption and Interest Rate in South Africa? Evidence from a Time-varying Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Aye Goodness C. , Gupta Rangan , Modise Mampho P. 
Published: July 2015

This article investigates the existence of spillovers from stock prices onto consumption and the interest rate for South Africa using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model with stochastic volatility. In this regard, we estimate a three-variable TVP-VAR model comprising real consumption growth rate, the nominal three-months Treasury bill rate and the growth rate of real stock prices. We find that the impact of a real stock price shocks on consumption is in general positive, with large and significant effects observed at the one-quarter-ahead horizon. However, there is also evidence of significant negative spillovers from the stock market to consumption during the financial crisis, at both short and long horizons. The monetary policy response to stock price shocks has been persistent, and strong especially post the financial liberalisation in 1985, but became weaker during the financial crisis. Overall, we provide evidence of significant time-varying spillovers on consumption and interest rate from the stock market. JEL Classification: C11, C15, C32, E31, E32, E44, E52
Dynamic Depositor Discipline: Evidence Based on East Asian Banks
Authors: Hamid Fazelina Sahul 
Published: July 2015

This study confirms the endogenous relationship between the price and quantity of deposits in the depositor discipline model. Dynamic panel data analysis is carried out to account for the lagged dependency of the deposits growth variable and endogeneity of the price mechanism in the depositor discipline model. The results show that depositors in East Asia do not demand a higher price for deposits. Analysis by subdividing the sample of banks into healthy and weak banks shows that the relationship between price and quantity is not non-linear. Healthy banks are not able to attract more deposits by raising price. Depositors do not discipline weak banks by demanding a higher return. Lack of responsiveness by depositors to price signals may be attributable largely to the outflow of deposits that happened during the crisis period and regulations on interest rates. JEL Classification: G21, G28, N25
R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence
Authors: Gumus Erdal , Celikay Ferdi 
Published: July 2015

This article provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth, and determines whether this relationship differs with respect to the degree of development. In this regard, the study utilises data from 52 countries from 1996 to 2010 and employs a dynamic panel data model. The research finds that R&D expenditure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth for all countries in the long run, which is consistent with the relevant literature. For developing countries, the effect is weak in the short run but strong in the long run, as expected. The study adds new empirical evidence to the literature. JEL Classifications: E24, O11, O32, O47
Choice of New Oral Anticoagulant Agents Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Moreno-Arribas José , Bertomeu-González Vicente , Anguita-Sanchez Manuel , Cequier Ángel , Muñiz Javier , Castillo Jesús , Sanchis Juan , Roldán Inmaculada , Marín Francisco , Bertomeu-Martínez Vicente 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Many patients with AF receive chronic anticoagulation, either with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or with non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs). We sought to analyze variables associated with prescription of NOAC. Methods: Patients with AF under anticoagulation treatment were prospectively recruited in this observational registry. The sample comprised 1290 patients under chronic anticoagulation for AF, 994 received VKA (77.1%) and 296 NOAC (22.9%). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with use of NOAC. Results: Mean age was 73.8 ± 9.4 years, and 42.5% of the patients were women. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was 0 in 4.9% of the population, 1 in 24.1%, and ≥2 in 71% (median = 4, interquartile range = 2). Variables associated with NOAC treatment were major bleeding (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.73-6.51; P < .001), hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 3.19; CI 95% 1.00-10.15, P = .049), university education (OR = 2.44; CI 95%: 1.55-3.84; P < .001), high diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; CI 95%: 1.00-1.03; P = .006), and higher glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.01, CI 95% 1.00-1.01; P = .01). And variables associated with VKA use were history of cancer (OR = 0.46; CI 95%: 0.25-0.85; P = .013) and bradyarrhythmia (OR = 0.40; CI 95% 0.19-0.85; P = .020). Conclusion: Medical and social variables were associated with prescription of NOAC. Major bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, university education, and higher glomerular filtration rate were more frequent among patients under NOAC. On the contrary, patients with history of cancer or bradyarrhythmias more frequently received VKA.
Mirtazapine toxicity in cats: retrospective study of 84 cases (2006–2011)
Authors: Ferguson Leah E , McLean Mary Kay , Bates Julia A , Quimby Jessica M 
Published: July 2015

Objectives Mirtazapine is commonly used in veterinary medicine at doses of 1.88 or 3.75 mg as an appetite stimulant. The objectives of this study were to determine the most common adverse effects reported and the dose associated with these signs. Methods Records of cats with mirtazapine exposure (2006–2011) were obtained from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ Animal Poison Control Center. The following parameters were recorded: signalment, weight, outcome, agent ingested, amount ingested, route of exposure, clinical signs observed, intended of use, onset time of signs and duration of signs. Results The 10 most commonly observed adverse effects reported in 84 cats exposed to mirtazapine included vocalization (56.0% of cats; mean dose 2.56 mg/kg), agitation (31.0%; 2.57 mg/kg), vomiting (26.2%; 2.92 mg/kg), abnormal gait/ataxia (16.7%; 2.87 mg/kg), restlessness (14.3%; 3.55 mg/kg), tremors/trembling (14.3%; 2.43 mg/kg), hypersalivation (13.0%; 2.89 mg/kg), tachypnea (11.9%; 3.28 mg/kg), tachycardia (10.7%; 3.04 mg/kg) and lethargy (10.7%; 2.69 mg/kg). Fifty-nine (70.2%) cases were considered accidental ingestions and 25 (29.8%) cases were given mirtazapine as prescribed. The doses associated with signs of toxicity were 15.00 mg (40 cats), 3.75 mg (25 cats), 7.50 mg (four cats), 30.00 mg (one cat), 18.75 mg (one cat), 11.25 mg (one cat), 5.80 mg (one cat) and 1.88 mg (one cat). For cats with available information, the onset of clinical signs ranged from 15 mins to 3 h, and time to resolution of clinical signs ranged from 12–48 h. Conclusions and relevance The greater number of adverse effects at 3.75 mg rather than 1.88 mg suggests that the latter may be a more appropriate starting dose for stimulating appetite while limiting toxicity. The benefit of dispensing exact doses of mirtazapine is implied given the likelihood of accidental administration of a full tablet (15 mg) and the resulting toxicity.
Factors associated with improved outcomes following proximal row carpectomy: a long-term outcome study of 144 patients
Authors: Wagner E. R. , Bravo D. , Elhassan B. , Moran S. L. 
Published: July 2015

We conducted a review of 144 consecutive patients who underwent proximal row carpectomy from 1967 to 2010 for the diagnosis of wrist arthritis. At a mean follow-up of 13.4 years, patients experienced good pain relief with preservation (but not improvement) of wrist motion. A total of 17 patients (12%) required revision surgery at an average of 44.6 months. Improved pain, function, and survival outcomes were seen in those who underwent proximal row carpectomy after the age of 40, had a preoperative diagnosis of Kienbock’s disease, who underwent a concomitant neurectomy procedure, patients who were non-labourers, and patients who underwent surgery after 1990. Although 45% of patients developed moderate to severe radiocapitate arthrosis postoperatively, these findings did not correlate with clinical outcomes or risk of revision surgery. Patients with type II lunate and type II and III capitate shapes had higher rates of postoperative radiocapitate arthrosis. Level of Evidence: III, Prognostic
A two-week regimen of high-dose integrase inhibitors does not cause nephrotoxicity in mice
Authors: Eadon Michael T , Zhang Hongji , Skaar Todd C , Hato Takashi , Dagher Pierre C , Gupta Samir K , Desta Zeruesenay 
Published: July 2015

Background The integrase inhibitors, raltegravir and dolutegravir, are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing agents which may be used as part of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV. These drugs inhibit creatinine secretion through organic cation transporters, thus elevating serum creatinine without affecting glomerular filtration. We sought to determine whether subtle signs of nephrotoxicity could be observed in mice administered a two-week regimen of high-dose integrase inhibitors. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed standard water (CTRL, n = 6), raltegravir-containing water (40 mg/kg/day, n = 6), or dolutegravir-containing water (2.7 mg/kg/day, n = 6) for two weeks and sacrificed. Endpoints were assessed including urine microalbumin, kidney injury molecule-1 renal tissue gene expression, renal histopathology, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Results The results are NOT consistent with a direct nephrotoxic effect of the integrase inhibitors in mice. Serum creatinine was significantly elevated in raltegravir and dolutegravir mice (p < 0.05) compared to control (raltegravir = 0.25 mg/dl, dolutegravir = 0.30 mg/dl versus CTRL = 0.17 mg/dl). Blood urea nitrogen, cystatin C, and urine microalbumin were unchanged. Kidney injury molecule-1 tissue expression in raltegravir and dolutegravir groups was nonsignificantly elevated compared to control (1.2-fold compared to control). Renal histopathology by periodic acid–Schiff staining failed to reveal glomerular or tubular renal injury in any group. Conclusion These studies are consistent with integrase inhibitors competitively inhibiting creatinine secretion. While no evidence of direct nephrotoxicity was observed after two weeks of high-dose drug administration, additional studies may be performed to understand whether these drugs lead to chronic nephropathy.