bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Iodoindole N‐Carboximidamides and N‐Carboximidoates by a Sequential Aza‐Wittig/Iodine Induced Cyclization
Authors: Nie Yibo , Duan Zhuan , Ding Mingwu 
Published: August 2012

Abstract3‐Iodoindole N‐carboximidamides and N‐carboximidoates 4 were prepared regioselectively via a sequential aza‐Wittig/iodine induced cyclization, starting from easily accessible 2‐alkynylphenyl iminophosphorane, isocyanates, various nucleophiles and iodine.
Synthesis, Characterization and Solvatochromism Investigation of Mixed Ligand Chelate Copper(II) Complexes with Acetyleacetonate and Three Diamine Ligands
Authors: Golchoubian Hamid , Afshar Zahra Mohseni , Moayyedi Golasa , Bruno Giuseppe , Rudbari Hadi Amiri 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe syntheses of three mixed ligand chelate copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L)(acac)(H2O)]BPh4 where acac=acetyleacetonate; L=N,N‐dimethyl,N′‐benzylethane‐1,2‐diamine (L1), N,N‐dimethyl, N′‐2‐methylbenzylethane‐1,2‐diamine (L2) or N,N‐dimethyl,N′‐2‐chlorobenzylethane‐1,2‐diamine (L3) are reported and characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic and molar conductance measurements. The X‐ray structure of complex 1 shows that the central copper atom is placed in a distorted square pyramidal geometry made by acac and diamine chelate in the base and a H2O molecule on the apex. The prepared complexes are fairly soluble in a large number of organic solvents and show positive solvatochromism. Calculations of SMLR (stepwise multiple linear regression) method was utilized to find the best model explaining the observed solvatochromic behavior and showed that among different solvent parameters, donor number (DN) is a dominant factor responsible for the shift in the d‐d absorption band of the complexes to the lower wavenumber with increasing its values. The importance of substituent effect in diamine ligand on the spectral and SMLR measurements is also discussed.
Two Unusual Two‐dimensional (4,4) Network Cadmium Coordination Polymers Based on Flexible Bis(triazole) and Rigid Benzenedicarboxylate Co‐ligands
Authors: Sun Pengpeng , Zhao Shan , Yang Zhi , Li Baolong , Wu Bing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo cadmium(II) coordination polymers {[Cd(btp)(NO2‐1,3‐bdc)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1) and {[Cd(btp)(1,2‐bdc)(H2O)]·H2O}n (2) were synthesized by the reaction of 1,3‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propane (btp), 5‐nitroisophthalate (NO2‐1,3‐bdc), and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylate (1,2‐bdc). 1 consists of undulated 2D (4,4) networks. Two identical undulated layers are parallel stacking to give a (2D→2D) polythreaded 2D network. A 3D supramolecular architectute is constructed through the hydrogen bond interactions. 2 has an unusual 2D (4,4) network with a thickness of ca. 10 Å. The btp ligands exhibit the anti‐gauche conformation in 1 and the anti‐anti conformation in 2. The flexible btp ligand exhibits the key role in the assembly of the topologies of 1 and 2. The luminescence and thermal stability were investigated.
Clock is not a component of Z‐bands
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Dube Dipak K. , White Jennifer , Fan Yingli , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe process of Z‐band assembly begins with the formation of small Z‐bodies composed of a complex of proteins rich in alpha‐actinin. As additional proteins are added to nascent myofibrils, Z‐bodies are transformed into continuous bands that form coherent discs of interacting proteins at the boundaries of sarcomeres. The steps controlling the transition of Z‐bodies to Z‐bands are not known. The report that a circadian protein, Clock, was localized in the Z‐bands of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes raised the question whether this transcription factor could be involved in Z‐band assembly. We found that the anti‐Clock antibody used in the reported study also stained the Z‐bands and Z‐bodies of mouse and avian cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. YFP constructs of Clock that were assembled, however, did not localize to the Z‐bands of muscle cells. Controls of Clock's activity showed that cotransfection of muscle cells with pYFP‐Clock and pCeFP‐BMAL1 led to the expected nuclear localization of YFP‐Clock with its binding partner CeFP‐BMAL1. Neither CeFP‐BMAL1 nor antibodies directed against BMAL1 localized to Z‐bands. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay (VC–BMAL1 and VN–Clock) confirmed the absence of Clock and BMAL1 from Z‐bands, and their nuclear colocalization. A second anti‐Clock antibody stained nuclei, but not Z‐bands, of cells cotransfected with Clock and BMAL1 plasmids. Western blots of reactions of muscle extracts and purified alpha‐actinins with the two anti‐Clock antibodies showed that the original antibody cross‐reacted with alpha‐actinin and the second did not. These results cannot confirm Clock as an active component of Z‐bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Modified Mesoporous Carbon: A Tailor‐made Nanostructure Biosensing Platform
Authors: Wu Lidong , Lu Xianbo , Zhang Haijun , Chen Jiping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel nanocomposite based on ordered graphitized mesoporous carbon (GMC) and amino acid ionic liquids (AAIL) is obtained through controlled surface modification of GMC with hydrophilic AAILs (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium alanine, EMIM[Ala]), which is used as a platform for a tyrosinase biosensor to detect phenol. The GMC–AAIL nanocomposite possesses a better biocompatibility and improved aqueous‐phase dispersion than hydrophobic GMC alone, owing to the introduction of hydrophilic and biocompatible AAILs. Comparative studies revealed that the catalytic activity of tyrosinase for phenol in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing EMIM[Ala] was about ten times higher than that in pure PBS. By entrapping tyrosinase molecules into the mesopores of GMC, making use of the synergy effect of GMC and AAIL (the “interspace confinement effect”, the anti‐fouling ability, and the biocompatible microenvironment), the GMC–AAIL‐based biosensors display superior analytical performance to GMC‐based ones in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio, stability, repeatability, and working life. After 21‐day storage, the electrode retained more than 90% of its initial response, indicating that surface modification of GMC with hydrophilic and biocompatible AAILs could significantly prolong the life of tyrosinase in vitro. The GMC10–EMIM[Ala]‐based biosensor demonstrates a linear response for phenol concentrations from 0.1 to 10 µmol L−1 with a low detection limit of 20 nmol L−1 and sensitivity of 1385 mA cm−2 M−1. The GMC–AAIL nanocomposite proves to be a promising platform for enzyme‐based biosensors and biocatalysis.
Synthesis of fatty acid‐based 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐phthalic acid anhydride derivatives
Authors: Eschig Steven , Philipp Claudia , Salthammer Tunga 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFatty acid‐based 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐phthalic acid anhydride derivatives were synthesized by Rhodium catalyzed addition of maleic anhydride to linoleic and oleic acid. The maleinization of linoleic acid leads to cyclohexenoic anhydrides having an allylic double bond. The cis‐configuration of this double bond was confirmed by synthesis of the corresponding anhydrides via Diels–Alder reaction of calendic acid, α‐eleostearic acid and β‐eleostearic acid with maleic anhydride, which was reported to be highly regio‐ and stereoselective. These compounds were co‐injected with the products of the Rh‐catalyzed maleinated linoleic acid into HPLC column so that the peaks of the resulting chromatogram could be allocated to the corresponding cyclohexenoic anhydrides. Besides the activity of the used catalysts RhCl3(H2O)3 and Rh(OAc)2, their selectivity towards the cyclohexenoic anhydrides was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of reaction temperature, equivalents of maleic anhydride and reaction time was analyzed to determine the optimum reaction conditions for the highest overall yields of the resulting 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐phthalic acid anhydride derivatives.Practical applications: Fatty acid‐based 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐phthalic acid anhydride derivatives which can be used during polycondensation processes can be synthesized via Diels–Alder reaction of conjugated fatty acids and maleic anhydride. In this context, the substructure of the six‐membered carbon ring is of great relevance for the hardness of the resulting polyesters. The main disadvantage of this synthesis route is caused by the non‐conjugation of the most natural fatty acids, e.g. linoleic acid, which requires a further step and increase costs. The Rh‐catalyzed addition of maleic anhydride to unsaturated fatty acids enables the synthesis of such rings using MUFA, e.g. oleic acid or non‐conjugated PUFA, e.g. linoleic acid. Especially, the addition to linoleic acid leads to monomers of high interest having an allylic double bond. The synthesized cyclohexenoic anhydrides are considered to be a promising opportunity for bio‐based substitutes of, e.g. phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid, and their di‐, tetra‐, or hexahydro derivatives being commonly used in polycondensation processes, which may open the door towards advanced bio‐based products, e.g. for lacquers and coatings.
Effective AAV‐mediated gene therapy in a mouse model of ethylmalonic encephalopathy
Authors: Di Meo Ivano , Auricchio Alberto , Lamperti Costanza , Burlina Alberto , Viscomi Carlo , Zeviani Massimo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEthylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is an invariably fatal disease, characterized by the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic compound. ETHE1, encoding sulfur dioxygenase (SDO), which takes part in the mitochondrial pathway that converts sulfide into harmless sulfate, is mutated in EE. The main source of H2S is the anaerobic bacterial flora of the colon, although in trace amount it is also produced by tissues, where it acts as a ‘gasotransmitter’. Here, we show that AAV2/8‐mediated, ETHE1‐gene transfer to the liver of a genetically, metabolically and clinically faithful EE mouse model resulted in full restoration of SDO activity, correction of plasma thiosulfate, a biomarker reflecting the accumulation of H2S, and spectacular clinical improvement. Most of treated animals were alive and well >6–8 months after birth, whereas untreated individuals live 26 ± 7 days. Our results provide proof of concept on the efficacy and safety of AAV2/8‐mediated livergene therapy for EE, and alike conditions caused by the accumulation of harmful compounds in body fluids and tissues, which can directly be transferred to the clinic.
Auditing financial instruments
Authors: Le Guyader Louis P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor most people, the current Great Recession and the Wall Street failures of 2008 came as a shock. Financial institutions had invested heavily in instruments like derivatives that turned out to be extremely risky. Why didn't the auditors detect problems? The author of this article reviews the rules for auditing such financial instruments‐including those that lie at the core of our country's financial debacle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured Pd/ceria‐clinoptilolite catalyst used for p‐xylene abatement from waste gas streams at low temperature
Authors: Asgari Nazli , Haghighi Mohammad , Shafiei Sirous 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of Pd loading, xylene concentration and GHSV on xylene oxidation was tested over Pd/CeO2(30%)‐clinoptilolite nanocatalysts at low temperatures. The catalysts were prepared by acid treatment of clinoptilolite, followed by the incipient wetness method of synthesized ceria and modified clinoptilolite in PdCl2 solution. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDAX, TEM, BET, FTIR and TG‐DTG analysis.RESULTS: The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of crystalline ceria with an average crystallite size of 11.8 nm. FESEM images showed nanostructures in cavities of natural zeolite, brought about by ceria incorporation and acid activation. TEM analysis showed high dispersion of Pd with a size distribution between 6.6 and 36.7 nm. The quantitative analysis showed that the specific surface area of Pd(1%)/CeO2(30%)‐clinoptilolite was 77 m2 g−1. The results showed that Pd(1%)/CeO2(30%)‐clinoptilolite is the most appropriate catalyst, with the conversion more than 90% at 275 °C.CONCLUSIONS: Experimental results established effective performance and durability for the catalysts. As a result, clinoptilolite modification and ceria incorporation significantly altered the samples' morphology at nanoscale, improving the structure of composites and distribution of noble metals. A reaction path was suggested based on the adsorption‐migration of species to reveal the mechanism of p‐xylene oxidation over nanocatalysts. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Using multi‐species occupancy models in structured decision making on managed lands
Authors: Sauer John R. , Blank Peter J. , Zipkin Elise F. , Fallon Jane E. , Fallon Frederick W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLand managers must balance the needs of a variety of species when manipulating habitats. Structured decision making provides a systematic means of defining choices and choosing among alternative management options; implementation of a structured decision requires quantitative approaches to predicting consequences of management on the relevant species. Multi‐species occupancy models provide a convenient framework for making structured decisions when the management objective is focused on a collection of species. These models use replicate survey data that are often collected on managed lands. Occupancy can be modeled for each species as a function of habitat and other environmental features, and Bayesian methods allow for estimation and prediction of collective responses of groups of species to alternative scenarios of habitat management. We provide an example of this approach using data from breeding bird surveys conducted in 2008 at the Patuxent Research Refuge in Laurel, Maryland, evaluating the effects of eliminating meadow and wetland habitats on scrub‐successional and woodland‐breeding bird species using summed total occupancy of species as an objective function. Removal of meadows and wetlands decreased value of an objective function based on scrub‐successional species by 23.3% (95% CI: 20.3–26.5), but caused only a 2% (0.5, 3.5) increase in value of an objective function based on woodland species, documenting differential effects of elimination of meadows and wetlands on these groups of breeding birds. This approach provides a useful quantitative tool for managers interested in structured decision making. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Phase‐Separation Dynamics of Aqueous Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) Solutions: Characteristic Behavior of the Molecular Weight and Concentration Dependences
Authors: Tsuboi Yasuyuki , Tada Takanori , Shoji Tatsuya , Kitamura Noboru 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe dynamics of thermoresponsive phase‐separation processes in aqueous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was studied using a laser temperature‐jump technique combined with photometry. The time constant for phase separation (τ) was determined with high accuracy for various molecular weights (Mw) and concentrations (C) of PNIPAM in solution. For the C‐dependence, τ decreased with increasing concentration, and eventually converged to a constant value (≈ 50 ms) at high concentration. Such behavior can be interpreted in terms of inter‐polymer‐chain entanglement and diffusion prior to phase separation. On the other hand, there was an optimum value of Mw at which the phase separation was fastest. The origins of these experimental results are discussed within the framework of a diffusion‐controlled model.
Interpolymer Complexes and Polymer Compatibility
Authors: Eckelt A. , Eckelt J. , Wolf B. A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA reliable method to decide whether two polymers A and B are miscible or incompatible would be very helpful in many ways. In this contribution we demonstrate why traditional procedures cannot work. We propose to use the intrinsic viscosities [η] of the polymer blends instead of the composition dependence of the viscosities as a criterion for polymer miscibility. Two macromolecules A and B are miscible because of sufficiently favorable interactions between the two types of polymer segments. For solutions of these polymers in a joint solvent, this Gibbs energetic preference of dissimilar intersegmental contacts should prevail upon dilution and lead to the formation of interpolymer complexes, manifesting themselves in deviations from the additivity of intrinsic viscosities.
In Situ Synthesis and Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Bogdanova Ludmila , Kuzub Ludmila , Dzhavadjan Emma , Rabenok Evgenia , Novikov Gennady , Pomogailo Anatoly D. 
Published: August 2012

Abstractsilver‐epoxy nanocomposite films based on diepoxide of Mn = 450, silver tetradecanoate and triethylamine were synthesized by in situ method. The mean diameter of AgNPs in nanocomposite films as defined by SEM technique has been found within the range of 15–20 nm. Ag NPs narrow size distribution was found independent on silver tetradecanoate concentration as shown by UV‐vis spectroscopy analysis. Dielectric properties of silver‐epoxy nanocomposite films were investigated also by Broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique.
Polymer‐Protected and Au‐Containing Bi‐ and Trimetallic Nanoparticles as Novel Catalysts for Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Zhang Haijun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolymer‐protected metal nanoparticles (NPs) are recognized as a type of complex between a polymer and metal NPs, since the metal NPs are stabilized by coordination to the polymer. Thus, they can work as an effective catalyst in a dispersed state due to their high surface area‐to‐volume ratio and high stability by protection with poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP). In this study, colloidal dispersions of PVP‐protected and Au‐containing bi‐ and trimetallic NPs were prepared and applied to the catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid in an alkaline solution. The AuAg and AuPt bimetallic NPs were more active than the Au NPs although the Ag and Pt NPs were less active than the Au NPs. The AuAgPt (Au/Ag/Pt = 7/2/1) trimetallic NPs were the most active catalyst for the same reaction. The high activity can be explained by electronic charge transfer from the Ag or Pt to the Au.
Polymerization of Dodecylammonium‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane Sulfonate in Solvents with Different Dielectric Constants and Study of the Resulting Ionic Complexes
Authors: Bilibin Alexander Yu. , Sukhanova Tatjana M. , Matuschkin Nikolay I. , Mel'nikov Alexander B. , Zorin Ivan M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCounterion polymerization of (DDA‐AMPS) is suggested as a new route for preparation of organosoluble polyelectrolyte‐surfactant complexes. The polymerization was performed in water and water‐dioxane mixed solvent systems. Micellar properties of the monomer were studied. High molecular weight samples of the polymer complex (above 106) were obtained in solvent systems with high and small (0–5%) content of water. The complexes were studied in organic solutions by viscometry, isothermal diffusion, and by AFM on mica and as free films.
[M6M′4] Cage Compounds with Chiral Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Shiga Takuya , Iijima Fumichika , Tetsuka Tamaki , Newton Graham N. , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo decanuclear cyanide‐bridged cage compounds were synthesized through the combination of chiral bidentate ligand‐capped transition metal building blocks with hexacyanometalate ions, and their structural and magnetic properties were investigated.
Using drought indices to assess climate change impacts on drought conditions in the northeast of Iran (case study: Kashafrood basin)
Authors: Sayari N. , Bannayan M. , Alizadeh A. , Farid A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDrought has significantly affected environmental and socio‐economic conditions in Iran. In this study three drought indices were used for monitoring drought intensity and duration in the Kashafrood basin (northeast Iran). The standardized precipitation Index (SPI), Precipitation Index Percent of Normal (PNPI) and Agricultural Rainfall Index (ARI) were calculated for the base period (1990–1961). All these indices were used to assess future drought events in the Kashafrood basin under climate change attributed to low and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SRES B2 and A2, respectively) for three periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2100). Projected changes in precipitation, temperature and potential evaporation were simulated by statistical downscaling of HadCM3 outputs. The main results showed: (1) slight increase in precipitation means, around 2.2–5.4% under the A2 scenario and 6.8 and 8.6% under the B2 scenario: (2) slight increase in maximum temperature, around 4.6–5.6 °C for the A2 scenario and 4.25 and 4.6 °C under the B2 scenario; (3) slight increase in minimum temperature, around 1.6–1.9 °C under the A2 scenario and 1 and 2.23 °C under the B2 scenario, and, (4) higher drought frequency associated with global warming was demonstrated by all indices under both scenarios. Such an increase in drought frequency would have major implications for natural resource management, water security planning, water demand management strategies and drought relief payments. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Amide proton transfer imaging of the breast at 3 T: Establishing reproducibility and possible feasibility assessing chemotherapy response
Authors: Dula Adrienne N. , Arlinghaus Lori R. , Dortch Richard D. , Dewey Blake E. , Whisenant Jennifer G. , Ayers Gregory D. , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Smith Seth A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer imaging can generate contrast that is sensitive to amide protons associated with proteins and peptides (termed amide proton transfer, APT). In breast cancer, APT contrast may report on underlying changes in microstructural tissue composition. However, to date, there have been no developments or applications of APT chemical exchange saturation transfer to breast cancer. As a result, the aims of this study were to (i) experimentally explore optimal scan parameters for breast chemical exchange saturation transfer near the amide resonance at 3 T, (ii) establish the reliability of APT imaging of healthy fibroglandular tissue, and (iii) demonstrate preliminary results on APT changes in locally advanced breast cancer observed during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemical exchange saturation transfer measurements were experimentally optimized on cross‐linked bovine serum albumin phantoms, and the reliability of APT imaging was assessed in 10 women with no history of breast disease. The mean difference between test–retest APT values was not significantly different from zero, and the individual difference values were not dependent on the average APT value. The 95% confidence interval limits were ±0.70% (α = 0.05), and the repeatability was 1.91. APT measurements were also performed in three women before and after one cycle of chemotherapy. Following therapy, APT increased in the one patient with progressive disease and decreased in the two patients with a partial or complete response. Together, these results suggest that APT imaging may report on treatment response in these patients. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.