bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep in Europe: a need for uniform standards
Authors: Arnardottir Erna S. , Verbraecken Johan , Gonçalves Marta , Gjerstad Michaela D. , Grote Ludger , Puertas Francisco Javier , Mihaicuta Stefan , McNicholas Walter T. , Parrino Liborio ,   The National Representatives as Study Collaborators
Published: September 2015

SummaryUniform standards for the recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep are lacking in Europe, although many centres follow the published recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the practice for the diagnosis of sleep‐disordered breathing throughout Europe. A specially developed questionnaire was sent to representatives of the 31 national sleep societies in the Assembly of National Sleep Societies of the European Sleep Research Society, and a total of 29 countries completed the questionnaire. Polysomnography was considered the primary diagnostic method for sleep apnea diagnosis in 10 (34.5%), whereas polygraphy was used primarily in six (20.7%) European countries. In the remaining 13 countries (44.8%), no preferred methodology was used. Fifteen countries (51.7%) had developed some type of national uniform standards, but these standards varied significantly in terms of scoring criteria, device specifications and quality assurance procedures between countries. Only five countries (17.2%) had published these standards. Most respondents supported the development of uniform recording and scoring criteria for Europe, which might be based partly on the existing American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules, but also take into account differences in European practice when compared to North America. This survey highlights the current varying approaches to the assessment of patients with sleep‐disordered breathing throughout Europe and supports the need for the development of practice parameters in the assessment of such patients that would be suited to European clinical practice.
Comparing multiple sampling platforms for measuring the behavior of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Godwin Elise M. , Noad Michael J. , Kniest Eric , Dunlop Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultiple platform approaches for measuring the behavior of marine mammals may strengthen data quality and quantity. However, if this approach is chosen, reconciliation of behavioral measures between each platform is required. This study compared typical measures of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) behavior collected from three different sampling platforms; land‐based, boat‐based, and digital tags (Dtags), to explore similarities and/or discrepancies in data. Visual observations from land‐based platforms significantly underestimated group blow rate when compared to boat‐based platforms, whereas broad‐scale spatial movements (speed and course traveled) were measured similarly by these two platforms. Dtags were used to define dive behavior based on a time and depth criteria, where bouts of short shallow respiration dives (≤80 s and ≤10 m) were separated from longer, deeper dives (>80 s and >10 m). At a group level, land and boat platforms agreed on the number of long dives but land platforms missed bouts of short dives. At an individual level, the number of short and long dives observed by boat‐based platforms agreed with Dtag recordings. This study highlights the importance of data exploration prior to analyses in multiple platform studies to identify potential discrepancies and appropriately account for any biases.
Maternal Health‐Seeking on Behalf of Low‐Income Children
Authors: Kaiser Katherine Laux , Barry Hultquist Teresa , Chen Li‐Wu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundWomen receiving Medicaid account for almost one‐third of the childbearing population in the United States, an extensive investment for federal and state governments. Gaps and conflicting research results exist that explain/predict maternal health‐seeking behavior for vulnerable children. Public health nurses (PHN) need evidence to design interventions that improve maternal health‐seeking and child health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine factors: maternal (key influences), child, and household that contribute to maternal health‐seeking behavior.MethodsThe design was a descriptive, correlational, longitudinal study (n = 1,141 mother‐child dyads).ResultsChildren were more likely to receive preventive medical care if they had a medical condition (OR: 1.60, p < .01) and had access to private transportation (OR: 1.49, p < .05). Children of married mothers (OR: 1.51, p < .01) and access to private transportation (OR: 1.47, p < .05) received more preventive dental care. African‐American mothers (OR: 0.61, p < .01) and mothers with higher self‐reported health status (OR: 0.84, p < .05) sought less illness‐related medical child health services (CHS).ConclusionMaternal health‐seeking behavior in low‐income households is complex. Predictors may depend on whether care is preventive or illness‐related, medical, or dental. Further study should clarify what factors predict what type of CHS use to better specify PHN interventions.
HLA‐G 14‐bp Ins/Ins Genotype in Patients Harbouring Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Potential Risk Factor?
Authors: Genre J. , Santos Reginaldo F. P. , Marco de Leon Andrade J. , Lima F. P. , Coutinho da Camara A. V. , Donadi E. A. , Crispim J. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractH. pylori is a potent pathogen due to its capacity to successfully evade host defence mechanisms. Despite inducing immune responses in infected individuals, sometimes these responses fail to clear the infection and the bacterium establishes a persistent infection leading to chronic inflammation. In this context, we hypothesized that human leucocyte antigen G (HLA‐G), a non‐classical major histocompatibility complex molecule that has the ability to regulate immune responses both in physiological and in pathological conditions, may play an important role in promoting tolerance and helping H. pylori to subvert host defence and consequently establish a chronic infection. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of HLA‐G 14‐bp Ins/Del polymorphism in patients harbouring H. pylori infection, as well as their relationship with histological and demographic variables, to gain a better understanding of the actual role of HLA‐G and its genetic polymorphisms in bacterial infection. Sixty‐eight patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of H. pylori infection were enrolled to assess HLA‐G 14‐bp Ins/Del polymorphism allele and genotype frequencies. After adjustment for covariates (age and gender), the odds of having the genotype Ins/Ins, compared to Del/Del, were 3.77 times greater among HP+ cases than among controls. These findings suggest that the 14‐bp Ins/Ins genotype, already associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as some viral and parasitic infections, could confer a greater risk of developing H. pylori infection.
Technical Note: Influence of Compton currents on profile measurements in small‐volume ion chambers
Authors: Tanny Sean , Holmes Shannon , Sperling Nicholas , Parsai E. Ishmael 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:This work is to evaluate the effects of Compton current generation in three small‐volume ionization chambers on measured beam characteristics for electron fields.Methods:Beam scans were performed using Exradin A16, A26, and PTW 31014 microchambers. Scans with varying chamber components shielded were performed. Static point measurements, output factors, and cable only irradiations were performed to determine the contribution of Compton currents to various components of the chamber. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate why one microchamber showed a significant reduction in Compton current generation.Results:Beam profiles demonstrated significant distortion for two of the three chambers when scanned parallel to the chamber axis, produced by electron deposition within the wire. Measurements of ionization produced within the cable identified Compton current generation as the cause of these distortions. The size of the central collecting wire was found to have the greatest influence on the magnitude of Compton current generation.Conclusions:Microchambers can demonstrate significant (>5%) deviations from properties as measured with larger volume chambers (0.125 cm3 and above). These deviations can be substantially reduced by averaging measurements conducted at opposite polarities.
CONVALIDAÇÃO DE LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL EFETUADO POR ÓRGÃO INCOMPETENTE
Authors: Bim Eduardo Fortunato 
Published: September 2015

Trata-se de artigo no qual se defende a possibilidade de convalidação, pelo órgão competente do Sisnama, do licenciamento ambiental nulo por ter sido efetuado por órgão incompetente. A convalidação do licenciamento ambiental maculado tem como pressuposto a sua nulidade, declarada pelo Executivo ou pelo Judiciário.
O MODELO DE AJUSTE ADOTADO PARA A SAÚDE COMPLEMENTAR NO ANO DE 1998 – CONTRATO DE GESTÃO COM ORGANIZAÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: Olivetti Caroline Pereira 
Published: September 2015

<p class="Estilo1">O presente artigo visa a confrontar o tratamento jurídico conferido à Saúde Complementar, permeado na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88), na Lei do SUS (LOSUS) e na Portaria n. 1.034/10 do Ministério da Saúde, com a regulação das Organizações Sociais (OS) formalizada pela Lei n. 9.637/98. Busca-se, dessa forma, analisar os contrapontos entre os referidos diplomas legislativos e as incongruências geradas no âmbito da Saúde Complementar quando da incidência da Lei das OS nos ajustes realizados para a participação privada no sistema público de saúde, estruturado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). </p>
The “Pause” in Global Warming: Turning a Routine Fluctuation into a Problem for Science
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Risbey James S. , Oreskes Naomi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
There has been much recent published research about a putative “pause” or “hiatus” in global warming. We show that there are frequent fluctuations in the rate of warming around a longer-term warming trend, and that there is no evidence that identifies the recent period as unique or particularly unusual. In confirmation, we show that the notion of a pause in warming is considered to be misleading in a blind expert test. Nonetheless, the most recent fluctuation about the longer-term trend has been regarded by many as an explanatory challenge that climate science must resolve. This departs from long-standing practice, insofar as scientists have long recognized that the climate fluctuates, that linear increases in CO2 do not produce linear trends in global warming, and that 15-yr (or shorter) periods are not diagnostic of long-term trends. We suggest that the repetition of the “warming has paused” message by contrarians was adopted by the scientific community in its problem-solving and answer-seeking role and has led to undue focus on, and mislabeling of, a recent fluctuation. We present an alternative framing that could have avoided inadvertently reinforcing a misleading claim.
Impact of intravenous fluid composition on outcomes in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Shaw Andrew D. , Schermer Carol R. , Lobo Dileep N. , Munson Sibyl H. , Khangulov Victor , Hayashida David K , Kellum John A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Intravenous (IV) fluids may be associated with complications not often attributed to fluid type. Fluids with high chloride concentrations such as 0.9 % saline have been associated with adverse outcomes in surgery and critical care. Understanding the association between fluid type and outcomes in general hospitalized patients may inform selection of fluid type in clinical practice. We sought to determine if the type of IV fluid administered to patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with outcome.

Methods
This was a propensity-matched cohort study in hospitalized patients receiving at least 500 mL IV crystalloid within 48 hours of SIRS. Patient data was extracted from a large multi-hospital electronic health record database between January 1, 2009, and March 31, 2013. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, readmission, and complications measured by ICD-9 coding and clinical definitions. Outcomes were adjusted for illness severity using the Acute Physiology Score. Of the 91,069 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 89,363 (98 %) received 0.9 % saline whereas 1706 (2 %) received a calcium-free balanced solution as the primary fluid.

Results
There were 3116 well-matched patients, 1558 in each cohort. In comparison with the calcium-free balanced cohort, the saline cohort experienced greater in-hospital mortality (3.27 % vs. 1.03 %, P <0.001), length of stay (4.87 vs. 4.38 days, P = 0.016), frequency of readmission at 60 (13.54 vs. 10.91, P = 0.025) and 90 days (16.56 vs. 12.58, P = 0.002) and frequency of cardiac, infectious, and coagulopathy complications (all P <0.002). Outcomes were defined by administrative coding and clinically were internally consistent. Patients in the saline cohort received more chloride and had electrolyte abnormalities requiring replacement more frequently (P <0.001). No differences were found in acute renal failure.

Conclusions
In this large electronic health record, the predominant use of 0.9 % saline in patients with SIRS was associated with significantly greater morbidity and mortality compared with predominant use of balanced fluids. The signal is consistent with that reported previously in perioperative and critical care patients. Given the large population of hospitalized patients receiving IV fluids, these differences may confer treatment implications and warrant corroboration via large clinical trials.

Trial registration
NCT02083198 clinicaltrials.gov; March 5, 2014
The Role of Point-Rating System of Learning Outcomes Assessment in implementing the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education
Authors: ������������  , Dvulichanskaya Natalya , ���������  , Ermolaeva V. 
Published: September 2015

The authors propose the point-rating system (PRS) for assessing the learning outcomes as one of the modern technologies to implement the requirements
introduced by the new generation of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education. Features of implementing PRS at the Department
of Chemistry in BMSTU are provided; social and personality traits, as well as general scientific competencies of to-be engineers, developed as a
result of PRS system implementation are outlined. Also highlighted are the merits of the outcomes assessment system under consideration as it helps students
to develop the habit to smooth and systematic research activities and to enhance their self-esteem, reflection and motivation to learn. The authors
compare the traditional system of learning outcomes assessment against the proposed point-rating system and consider problems of implementing it in
the educational practice. The authors also provide evidence of the efficiency of their proprietary version of computer testing system, which stipulates the
application of practice-oriented exercises.
Stability analysis of ferrofluids
Authors: Katharina Duda , Kerstin Lüdtke-Buzug 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) are used as tracer for the new imaging technique Magnetic Particle Imaging. The stability of ferrofluids for medical application has a great importance, in addition to the particle size. The shell material, which protects the iron core prior from agglomeration and sedimentation, can be degraded by various processes. Another important aspect of stability is the constant performance of magnetisation. Therefore, the measurement of the magnetisation of the particles must be controlled in order to ensure the stability of the samples.
Combining different ECG derived respiration tracking methods to create an optimal reconstruction of the breathing pattern
Authors: Lenis Gustavo , Conz Felix , Dössel Olaf 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
ECG derived respiration (EDR) is a technique applied to estimate the respiration signal using only the electrocardiogram (ECG). Different approaches have been proposed in the past on how respiration could be gained from the ECG. However, in many applications only one of them is used while the others are not considered at all. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the optimal linear combination of different EDR methods in order to create a more accurate estimation. Using two well known databases, it was statistically shown that an optimally chosen fixed set of coefficients for the linear combination delivers a better estimation than each of the methods used solely.
Heart rate monitoring in ultra-high-field MRI using frequency information obtained from video signals of the human skin compared to electrocardiography and pulse oximetry
Authors: Spicher Nicolai , Maderwald Stefan , Ladd Mark E. , Kukuk Markus 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Videos of the human skin contain subtle color variations associated with the blood volume pulse. This remote photoplethysmography signal can be used for heart rate monitoring and represents an alternative to signals obtained from contact-based hardware. We developed an algorithm that estimates the heart rate in real-time from photoplethysmography signals and evaluate its performance in the context of ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging. We compare its accuracy to heart rate values estimated from electrocardiography and finger pulse oximetry triggers, obtained from MR vendor-provided hardware. For eight subjects, two experiments are conducted with the patient table outside and inside a 7 Tesla scanner. During both 5 min setups, heart rates from the algorithm and contact-based methods are stored. Their comparison suggests technical feasibility of the contactless method but that it is inferior in accuracy compared to contact-based hardware and that low heart rates (≤50 beats per minute) and adequate illumination are major challenges for practical feasibility.
Adopting oculopressure tonometry as a transient in vivo rabbit glaucoma model
Authors: Stahnke T. , Siewert S. , Walther E. , Schmidt W. , Stachs O. , Schmitz K.-P. , Guthoff R. F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of eye disorders partly related to raised intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to progressive optic nerve damage resulting in impaired vision and possibly blindness. To assess the suitability of new IOP lowering therapeutic strategies, such as the implantation of glaucoma drainage devices, appropriate animal models have to be used. Currently, a number of rodent glaucoma models are available [1], however, especially for surgical interventions rodent eyes are too small. Rabbits are much more suitable with respect to dimension. Unfortunately, rabbit glaucoma model systems described in literature are difficult to reproduce or fail totally, associated with a high level of discomfort and pain for treated animals. Therefore, development of an
in vivo
rabbit glaucoma model is one of the most important goals in glaucoma research. Here, we describe the adaptation of the oculopressure tonometry, an existing method to quantify the outflow of aqueous humor in humans, to generate a transient glaucoma model in rabbits. The existing suction-cup oculopressor (SCOP) is extended with newly designed suction-cups, which are adjusted to the anatomy of the rabbit eye. The modification of the oculopressure tonometry method facilitates an increase in IOP over a time frame of 9 minutes by vacuum induced deformation of the rabbit eye. This method can be used to test functionality of fistulating glaucoma surgeries or implanted drainage devices in a long term follow-up without any side effects and suffering of the animals.
Towards structuring contextual information for workflow-driven surgical assistance functionalities
Authors: Franke Stefan , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A workflow-driven cooperative working environment needs to be established in order to successfully unburden the surgeon and the OR staff from technical configuration and information-seeking tasks. An important prerequisite for autonomous situationaware adaptation of medical devices is a comprehensive representation of the operating context regarding the surgical process and situation.
We propose a hierarchical structuring of process-related and situation-related information entities and include assessment scores that intraoperative workflow information systems may provide via OR networks. The conducted experiments on the proposed assessment scores included sixty recorded brain tumour removal procedures and considered 344 distinguishable surgical situations.
A comprehensive modelling of surgical situations and process context will be a significant pre-requisite for reliable autonomous adaptation of medical devices and systems in digital operating rooms.
Towards a framework for standardized semantic workflow modeling and management in the surgical domain
Authors: Neumann Juliane , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An essential aspect for workflow management support in operating room environments is the description and visualization of the underlying processes and activities in a machine readable format as Surgical Process Models (SPM). However, the process models often vary in terms of granularity, naming and representation of process elements and their modeling structure. The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology for standardized semantic workflow modeling and a framework for semantic work-flow execution and management in the surgical domain.
Closed-loop approach for situation awareness of medical devices and operating room infrastructure
Authors: Rockstroh Max , Franke Stefan , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In recent years, approaches for information and control integration in the digital operating room have emerged. A major step towards an intelligent operating room and a cooperative technical environment would be autonomous adaptation of medical devices and systems to the surgical workflow. The OR staff should be freed from information seeking and maintenance tasks. We propose a closed-loop concept integrating workflow monitoring, processing and (semi-)automatic interaction to bridge the gap between OR integration of medical devices and workflow-related information management.
Four steps were identified for the implementation of workflow-driven assistance functionalities. The processing steps in the closed loop of workflow-driven assistance could either be implemented with centralized responsible components or in a cooperative agent-based approach. However, both strategies require a common framework and terminology to ensure interoperability between the components, the medical devices (actors) and the OR infrastructure.