bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLiMMPS: robust statistical model for regulatory variation of alternative splicing using RNA-seq data
Authors: Zhao Keyan , Lu Zhi-xiang , Park Juw Won , Zhou Qing , Xing Yi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo characterize the genetic variation of alternative splicing, we develop GLiMMPS, a robust statistical method for detecting splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) from RNA-seq data. GLiMMPS takes into account the individual variation in sequencing coverage and the noise prevalent in RNA-seq data. Analyses of simulated and real RNA-seq datasets demonstrate that GLiMMPS outperforms competing statistical models. Quantitative RT-PCR tests of 26 randomly selected GLiMMPS sQTLs yielded a validation rate of 100%. As population-scale RNA-seq studies become increasingly affordable and popular, GLiMMPS provides a useful tool for elucidating the genetic variation of alternative splicing in humans and model organisms.
Equine tendonitis therapy using mesenchymal stem cells and platelet concentrates: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carvalho Armandode Mattos , Badial Peres Ramos , Álvarez Luis Emiliano Cisneros , Yamada Ana Lucia Miluzzi , Borges Alexandre Secorun , Deffune Elenice , Hussni Carlos Alberto , Garcia Alves Ana Liz 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Tendon injury is a major cause of lameness and decreased performance in athletic equines. Various therapies for tendonitis have been described; however, none of these therapies results in complete tissue regeneration, and the injury recurrence rate is high even after long recovery periods involving rest and physiotherapy.

Methods
A lesion was induced with collagenase gel in the superficial digital flexor tendon in the center portion of the metacarpal region of eight equines of mixed breed. After two weeks, the lesions of the animals in the treated and control groups were treated through the intralesional administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adMSCs) suspended in platelet concentrate (PC) and with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. Serial ultrasound analyses were performed every two weeks. After 16 weeks of therapy, a biopsy was performed for histopathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression (type I collagen (COL1A1), type III collagen (COL3A1), tenascin-C (TNC), tenomodulin (TNMD), and scleraxis (SCX)) analyses.

Results
Differences in the ultrasound and histopathological analyses were observed between the groups. Improved results were reported in the group treated with adMSCs suspended in PC. There was no difference in the gene expression levels observed after the different treatments. The main results observed from the histopathological evaluation of the treated group were as follows: a prevention of the progression of the lesion, a greater organization of collagen fibers, and a decreased inflammatory infiltrate. A lack of progression of the lesion area and its percentage was observed in the ultrasound image, and increased blood flow was measured by Power Doppler.

Conclusions
The use of adMSCs combined with PC for the therapy of experimentally induced tendonitis prevented the progression of the tendon lesion, as observed in the ultrasound examination, and resulted in a greater organization and decreased inflammation, as observed in the histopathological evaluation. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this therapy for the treatment of equine tendonitis.
Major factors of economic development of modern Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: July 2013

Tendencies and factors of change of branch structure of economy of Russia
in the period of 1999–2008 are investigated. Data of branch structure of
investments of the Russian statistics and econometric methods are used.
The regression, cluster and discriminated analysis, the factorial analysis on
the basis of model main a component are applied. Discrepancy of tendencies
of development of structure of economy is established. Major factors of
development — a factor of preindustrial development (to 33–46% of changes),
a factor of industrial development (to 18–22% of changes) and a factor of postindustrial
development (to 28–36% of changes). The established ratio of factors
of development doesn’t correspond to current trends. This discrepancy became
one of preconditions of an economic crisis and delay of growth rates of
economy during the post-crisis period. For overcoming of contradictions the
active economic policy of attraction of investments in key is necessary for postindustrial
development of branch of economy. In work are submitted data,
characterizing results of the factorial analysis that is able to afford to specify
their interpretation.
Restricting the conversion of the defense industry complex risks
Authors: Булавина  , Bulavina O. , Иваница  , Ivanitsa I. 
Published: July 2013

The development of civilian products at the enterprises is the most important
factor in ensuring the stability and performance. Only the balance between fixed
and conversion production can ensure their sustainability in a competitive
distribution of the state defense order and reduction in the volume of its funding
due to the possible negative trends in the Russian economy. Proposed a system
of indicators that have the greatest impact on the value of the share of civilian
production at the enterprises of the defense-industrial complex. Proposed the
approach to determining the minimum share of civilian products, allowing the
company to operate effectively in the event of an unexpected reduction of the
size or the lack of govement orders.
The molecular biology of selenocysteine
Authors: Gonzalez-Flores Jonathan N. , Shetty Sumangala P. , Dubey Aditi , Copeland Paul R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSelenium is an essential trace element that is incorporated into 25 human proteins as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). The incorporation of this amino acid turns out to be a fascinating problem in molecular biology because Sec is encoded by a stop codon, UGA. Layered on top of the canonical translation elongation machinery is a set of factors that exist solely to incorporate this important amino acid. The mechanism by which this process occurs, put into the context of selenoprotein biology, is the focus of this review.
Plant phospholipase A: advances in molecular biology, biochemistry, and cellular function
Authors: Chen Guanqun , Greer Michael S. , Weselake Randall J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPlant phospholipase As (PLAs) are a complex group of enzymes that catalyze the release of free fatty acids from phospholipids. Plant PLAs can be grouped into three families, PLA1, PLA2, and patatin-like PLA, that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl groups from the sn-1 and/or sn-2 position. Each family is composed of multiple isoforms of phospholipases that differ in structural, catalytic, and physiological characteristics. In this review, recently acquired information on molecular, biochemical, and functional aspects of plant PLAs will be discussed.
Topological full groups of one-sided shifts of finite type
Authors: Matui Hiroki 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

We explore the topological full group

〚
G
〛

$\llbracket G\rrbracket $

of
an essentially principal étale groupoid G on a Cantor set.
When G is minimal,
we show that

〚
G
〛

$\llbracket G\rrbracket $

(and its certain normal subgroup) is a complete invariant
for the isomorphism class of the étale groupoid G.
Furthermore, when G is either almost finite or purely infinite,
the commutator subgroup

D
(
〚
G
〛
)

$D(\llbracket G\rrbracket )$

is shown to be simple.
The étale groupoid G
arising from a one-sided irreducible shift of finite type is
a typical example of a purely infinite minimal groupoid.
For such G,

〚
G
〛

$\llbracket G\rrbracket $

is thought of as a generalization of the Higman–Thompson group.
We prove that

〚
G
〛

$\llbracket G\rrbracket $

is of type F
∞,
and so in particular it is finitely presented.
This gives us a new infinite family of
finitely presented infinite simple groups.
Also, the abelianization of

〚
G
〛

$\llbracket G\rrbracket $

is calculated and described
in terms of the homology groups of G.
Weak multiplier Hopf algebras I. The main theory
Authors: Van Daele Alfons , Wang Shuanhong 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

A weak multiplier Hopf algebra is a pair (A, Δ) of a non-degenerate idempotent algebra A and a coproduct Δ on A. The coproduct is a coassociative homomorphism from A to the multiplier algebra M(A ⊗ A) with some natural extra properties (like the existence of a counit). Further we impose extra but natural conditions on the ranges and the kernels of the canonical maps T
1 and T
2
defined from A ⊗ A to M(A ⊗ A) by
T
1(a ⊗ b) = Δ(a)(1 ⊗ b) and
T
2(a ⊗ b) = (a ⊗ 1)Δ(b).
The first condition is about the ranges of these maps. It is assumed that there exists an idempotent element
E ∈ M(A ⊗ A) such that Δ(A)(1 ⊗ A) = E(A ⊗ A) and
(A ⊗ 1)Δ(A) = (A ⊗ A)E. This element is unique if it exists. Then it is possible to extend the coproduct in a unique way to a homomorphism
Δ˜: M(A) → M(A ⊗ A) such that Δ˜(1) = E. In the case of a multiplier Hopf algebra we have E = 1 ⊗ 1 but this is no longer assumed for weak multiplier Hopf algebras. The second condition determines the behavior of the coproduct on the legs of E. We require
(Δ ⊗ ι)(E) = (ι ⊗ Δ)(E) = (1 ⊗ E)(E ⊗ 1) = (E ⊗ 1)(1 ⊗ E).
Finally, the last condition determines the kernels of the canonical maps T
1 and T
2 in terms of this idempotent E by a very specific relation.

From these conditions we develop the theory. In particular, we construct a unique antipode satisfying the expected properties and various other data. Special attention is given to the regular case (that is when the antipode is bijective) and the case of a *-algebra (where regularity is automatic).

Weak Hopf algebras are special cases of such weak multiplier Hopf algebras. Conversely, if the underlying algebra of a (regular) weak multiplier Hopf algebra has an identity, it is a weak Hopf algebra. Also any groupoid, finite or not, yields two weak multiplier Hopf algebras in duality. We will give more and interesting examples of weak multiplier Hopf algebras in parts II and III of this series of papers.
Families of abelian varieties with many isogenous fibres
Authors: Orr Martin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Let Z be a subvariety of the moduli space of principally polarised abelian varieties of dimension g over the complex numbers.
Suppose that Z contains a Zariski dense set of points which correspond to abelian varieties from a single isogeny class.
A generalisation of a conjecture of André and Pink predicts that Z is a weakly special subvariety.
We prove this when

dim
Z
=
1

$\dim Z = 1$

using the Pila–Zannier method and the Masser–Wüstholz isogeny theorem.
This generalises results of Edixhoven and Yafaev when the Hecke orbit consists of CM points and of Pink when it consists of Galois generic points.
Integral points in two-parameter orbits
Authors: Corvaja Pietro , Sookdeo Vijay , Tucker Thomas J. , Zannier Umberto 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Let K be a number field, let

f
:

ℙ
1

→

ℙ
1

$f: {\mathbb {P}}_1 \rightarrow {\mathbb {P}}_1$

be a
nonconstant rational map of degree greater than 1, let S be a finite set of places of K,
and suppose that

u
,
w
∈

ℙ
1

(
K
)

$u, w \in {\mathbb {P}}_1(K)$

are not preperiodic under f.
We prove that the set of

(
m
,
n
)

∈

ℕ
2

$(m,n) \in \mathbb {N}^2$

such that

f

∘
m

(
u
)

$f^{\circ m}(u)$

is S-integral relative to

f

∘
n

(
w
)

$f^{\circ n}(w)$

is finite and
effectively computable. This may be thought of as a two-parameter
analog of a result of Silverman on integral points in orbits of
rational maps.
This issue can be translated in terms of integral points on an open subset of

ℙ
1
2

${\mathbb {P}}_1^2$

; then one can apply a modern version of the method of Runge, after increasing the number of components at infinity by iterating the rational map. Alternatively, an ineffective result comes from a well-known theorem of Vojta.
Tits alternatives for graph products
Authors: Antolín Yago , Minasyan Ashot 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We discuss various types of Tits alternative for subgroups of graph products of groups,
and prove that, under some natural conditions, a graph product of groups satisfies a given form of Tits alternative if and only if each vertex group satisfies this alternative.
As a corollary, we show that every finitely generated subgroup of a graph product of virtually solvable groups is either virtually solvable or large.
As another corollary, we prove that every non-abelian subgroup of a right angled Artin group has an epimorphism onto the free group of rank 2. In the course of the paper we develop the theory of parabolic subgroups, which allows to describe the structure of subgroups of graph products
that contain no non-abelian free subgroups. We also obtain a number of results regarding the stability of some group properties under taking graph products.
G-protein-coupled designer receptors – new chemical-genetic tools for signal transduction research
Authors: Thiel Gerald , Kaufmann Anke , Rössler Oliver G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest group of plasma membrane receptors in nature and are activated by a variety of different ligands. The biological outcome of GPCR stimulation is complex, as a plethora of signaling pathways are activated upon stimulation. These complexity and diversity of GPCR signaling make it difficult to manipulate the signaling pathway of a specific GPCR by natural ligands. To reduce the complexity in experimental settings, specific pharmacological ligands that preferentially activate one signaling pathway have been developed. In addition, G-protein-coupled designer receptors that are unresponsive to endogenous ligands but can be activated by otherwise pharmacologically inert compounds have been designed. These receptors have been termed designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs. The lack of constitutive activity of these designer receptors allows their use for in vitro and in vivo studies of GPCR-mediated signal transduction. The analysis of recently generated transgenic mice showed that the expression of G-protein-coupled designer receptors represents a powerful chemical-genetic tool to investigate GPCR signaling and function.
Cathepsin S generates soluble CX3CL1 (fractalkine) in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Fonović Urša Pečar , Jevnikar Zala , Kos Janko 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
CX3CL1 chemokine (fractalkine) is highly expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic lesions. Its membrane-bound form promotes cell-cell interactions, whereas the soluble form induces chemotaxis of CX3CR1- expressing leukocytes. We show that the cysteine protease cathepsin S, expressed by VSMCs, is able to cleave membrane-anchored CX3CL1, releasing a 55-kDa fragment to the medium, thus regulating the adhesion of VSMCs and the capture of monocytes to the sites of atherogenesis. Moreover, strong co-localization of cathepsin S and CX3CL1 with a recycling endosome marker Rab11a suggests a processing of CX3CL1 in recycling endosomes during its redistribution to the plasma membrane.
More characteristic subgroups, Lie rings, and isomorphism tests for p-groups
Authors: Wilson James B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.
We introduce three families of characteristic subgroups that refine the traditional verbal subgroup
filters, such as the lower central series, to an arbitrary length. We prove that a positive logarithmic proportion of finite p-groups admit
at least five such proper nontrivial characteristic subgroups whereas verbal and marginal methods explain only one.
The placement of these subgroups in the lattice of subgroups is naturally recorded by a filter over an arbitrary
commutative monoid M and induces an M-graded Lie ring. These Lie rings permit
an efficient specialization of the nilpotent quotient algorithm to construct automorphisms
and decide isomorphism of finite p-groups. As a demonstration, we identify some large families of p-groups
that are worst-case examples for the traditional nilpotent quotient algorithm but run in polynomial time
when using our new filters.
Property Rights, Law, and Economic Development
Authors: Xu Guangdong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between property rights and economic performance. Property rights, or more precisely, formal, individualized property rights, have long been regarded as the fundamental precondition for sustainable economic growth. However, the available empirical evidence shows that formal private ownership fails to bring about desirable economic outcomes in most developing countries despite the advantages claimed by numerous economists and lawyers. This puzzle can be addressed by taking into consideration such factors as the functioning of related markets, the influence of social norms, and the role of the state.
Institutional Capacity Building and Legal Reform in Iraq: Toward Innovation and Public Administration Modernization
Authors: Hendrix Steven E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIraq is often cited as a test case as to whether “nation-building” can work. Since 2003, the U.S. government has been advancing institutional capacity development with Iraq’s national government. Now 10 years later, it is clear that the program, the largest such as U.S. government program since the Vietnam War, has been a success. Tangible durable institutional reforms are now in place to professionalize the civil service, improve electricity production, make public procurement more transparent and efficient, and upgrade budget formulation and execution. The program, known locally as USAID/Tatweer, worked across executive branch agencies, to improve government performance and expand institutional capacity development. Its accomplishments, so far almost entirely unrecognized by the media, will continue to advance democratic change in Iraq for generations to come.
Low toxic ytterbium complexes of 2,4-dimethoxyhematoporphyrin IX for luminescence diagnostics of tumors
Authors: Ivanov Andrey V. , Rumyantseva Valentina D. , Shilov Igor P. , Markushev Valerii M. , Panas Andrey I. , Ryabov Alexandr S. , Mironov Andrey F. , Terentyuk Georgii S. , Rühm Adrian , Yu. Barishnikov Anatolii , Shchamkhalov Kamil S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:This article deals with the creation of new low-toxic photosensitizers on the basis of Ytterbium-2,4-dimethoxyhematoporphyrin IX (Yb-DMHP) and their application for the luminescence diagnostics of cancer. These substances were found to weakly generate singlet oxygen, exhibit pronounced luminescence, and retain the tumor-tropic properties of therapeutic photosensitizers. Basic photophysical properties of Yb-DMHP were studied, and the primary toxicological and pharmacokinetic investigations were performed in the organisms of experimental animals. The 4f-luminescence of Yb-DMHP in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region was observed. Comparative investigations were performed for one of the photodynamic medications which have been approved for clinical application: “Photoditazin”, a diglucosamine salt of chlorin e6. It was shown that the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation is lower by approximately one order of magnitude in the case of Yb-DMHP. The experimental data prove that Yb-DMHP-based substances are promising as non-toxic markers for the luminescence diagnostics of malignant tumors in the NIR spectral range (900–1100 nm), because they are free of the phototoxicity that is typical of conventional porphyrins, while at the same time providing a relatively high luminescence contrast and a selective accumulation in tumor tissue.
Thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends
Authors: Khun Nay Win , Liu Erjia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were blended by varying ABS content. The thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of the PC/ABS blends were systematically characterized. Increasing ABS content in the PC/ABS blends decreased thermal stability of the blends, as a result of the lower thermal stability of the ABS than that of the PC. Although the tensile strength of the PC/ABS blends apparently decreased with increased ABS content, the PC/ABS blend with 10 wt% of ABS had the highest tensile strength, because of improved processability of the blend. The friction and wear of the ABS measured against a steel ball of 6 mm in diameter were higher than those of the PC. As a result, a higher ABS content in the PC/ABS blends resulted in higher friction and wear of the blends. The scratch results showed that scratching with a 5 mm steel ball generated a scratch with a shorter length and lower depth on the PC than on the ABS, which indicated better scratch resistance of the PC. Therefore, the PC/ABS blend with 50 wt% of PC had better scratch resistance than the ABS, due to the influence of the PC embedded in the blend.
Do food commodity prices have asymmetric effects on euro-area inflation?
Authors: Porqueddu Mario , Venditti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between commodity prices and consumer food prices in the euro area and in its largest countries (Germany, France and Italy) and tests whether the latter respond asymmetrically to shocks to the former. The issue is of particular interest for those monetary authorities that target headline consumer price inflation, which has been heavily influenced by pronounced swings in international commodity prices in the past decade. The empirical analysis is based on two distinct but complementary approaches. We first use a structural model, identify a shock to commodity prices and check through formal econometric tests whether the Impulse Response Functions of food consumer prices is invariant to the sign of the commodity price shock. Next, we employ predictive regressions and examine the relative forecasting ability of linear models with respect to that of models that allow for sign-dependent nonlinearities. Overall, the empirical analysis uncovers very little evidence of asymmetries.