bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis of confocal laser endomicroscopy images to detect head and neck cancer
Authors: Dittberner Andreas , Rodner Erik , Ortmann Wolfgang , Stadler Joachim , Schmidt Carsten , Petersen Iver , Stallmach Andreas , Denzler Joachim , Guntinas–Lichius Orlando 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop an automated image analysis algorithm to discriminate between head and neck cancer and nonneoplastic epithelium in confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) images.MethodsCLE was applied to image head and neck cancer epithelium in vivo. Histopathologic diagnosis from biopsies was used to classify the CLE images offline as cancer or noncancer tissue. The classified images were used to train automated software based on distance map histograms. The performance of the final algorithm was confirmed by “leave 2 patients out” cross‐validation and area under the curve (AUC)/receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsNinety‐two CLE videos and 92 biopsies were analyzed from 12 patients. One hundred two frames of classified neoplastic tissue and 52 frames of nonneoplastic tissue were used for cross‐validation of the developed algorithm. AUC varied from 0.52 to 0.92.ConclusionThe proposed software allows an objective classification of CLE images of head and neck cancer and adjacent nonneoplastic epithelium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1419–E1426, 2016
Private‐Value Auction Versus Posted‐Price Selling: An Agent‐Based Model Approach
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Brorsen B. Wade , Fain James R. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAn agent‐based first‐price private‐value auction and an agent‐based posted‐price market are developed to compare these selling methods when buyers have private values. If the seller cannot impose a reserve price and has little uncertainty about the item's value, the seller's expected revenue is highest in the posted‐price market. Otherwise, the seller is better off selling the item with the auction. Using a genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo integration solved the agent‐based models quicker and provided more precise answers than solving models with particle swarm optimization and using the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study of high sea salt aerosol (SSA) concentrations as a hazard to aviation
Authors: Tighe Tony 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTOn the night of 2 January 2014, an aircraft on approach to Cork airport was required to abort a landing attempt due to sea salt aerosol (SSA) accretion on the windscreen. The salt reduced forward‐facing visibility to dangerously low levels and prohibited a safe approach by the aircraft. A landing was eventually effected on the 3rd attempt after a light rain shower cleared enough of the contaminant to allow the pilot to view the runway lights and markings. This was the first time such an incident was recorded by Ireland's Air Accident Investigation Unit. This paper elaborates the meteorological conditions present at the time the SSA became a visibility hazard. The atmospheric boundary layer was thermodynamically unstable and had a relatively dry airmass and the surface and upper level winds were high. SSA formation mechanisms are described in terms of the relationship between SSA concentration enhancement and meteorological variables. A brief comparison between the meteorological conditions surrounding this and another notable event documented by the US naval service is made. The potential for SSA to be a significant hazard to aviation and the recommendations for further research are considered.
On network operating system security
Authors: Röpke Christian , Holz Thorsten 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe emerging concept of software‐defined networking (SDN) enables new opportunities for building future networks. In such setups, a so‐called network operating system (NOS), which is also known as SDN controller, provides services to manage the underlying and programmable network infrastructure. On top, the so‐called SDN applications leverage NOS services and implement business needs in order to orchestrate the network as required. Thereby, such applications have access to all kinds of operations (including critical ones) to use valuable NOS and SDN resources. In case of faulty and malicious SDN applications, we demonstrate that today's NOSs can be significantly harmed, for example, by fatal errors and the adverse use of critical operations. To tackle this problem, we propose a sandbox system, which allows us to restrict not only SDN applications but also internal NOS components to access only a configurable set of critical operations. This enables operators to prevent the entire NOS from crashing in case a single SDN application or NOS component runs into a fatal error. Furthermore, operators can deny access to unwanted critical operations in order to prevent the potential misuse of such operations. For our proposal, we provide two proof‐of‐concept implementations: one for the industry's leading open‐source NOS called OpenDaylight and another one for the HP controller, which serves as foundation for the world's first SDN App Store. As a result of our work, we harden a mandatory SDN component, that is, the NOS, and achieve robustness as well as pro‐active security against faulty and malicious SDN software. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model for multiphase geomaterials in dynamics with application to strain localization simulation
Authors: Cao T. D. , Sanavia L. , Schrefler B. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the non‐isothermal elasto‐plastic behaviour of multiphase geomaterials in dynamics is investigated with a thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model of porous media. The supporting mathematical model is based on averaging procedures within the hybrid mixture theory. A computationally efficient reduced formulation of the macroscopic balance equations that neglects the relative acceleration of the fluids, and the convective terms is adopted. The modified effective stress state is limited by the Drucker–Prager yield surface. Small strains and dynamic loading conditions are assumed. The standard Galerkin procedure of the finite element method is applied to discretize the governing equations in space, while the generalized Newmark scheme is used for the time discretization. The final non‐linear set of equations is solved by the Newton method with a monolithic approach. Coupled dynamic analyses of strain localization in globally undrained samples of dense and medium dense sands are presented as examples. Vapour pressure below the saturation water pressure (cavitation) develops at localization in case of dense sands, as experimentally observed. A numerical study of the regularization properties of the finite element model is shown and discussed. A non‐isothermal case of incipient strain localization induced by temperature increase where evaporation takes place is also analysed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and child adiposity at 8 years of age: The HOME study
Authors: Braun Joseph M. , Chen Aimin , Romano Megan E. , Calafat Antonia M. , Webster Glenys M. , Yolton Kimberly , Lanphear Bruce P. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo examine relationships between prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and adiposity in children born to women who lived downstream from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant.MethodsData are from a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (HOME Study). Perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic (PFHxS) acids were measured in prenatal serum samples. Differences were measured in body mass index z‐scores (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat at 8 years of age (n = 204) and BMI between 2‐8 years of age (n = 285) according to PFAS concentrations.ResultsChildren born to women in the top two PFOA terciles had greater adiposity at 8 years than children in the 1st tercile. For example, waist circumference (cm) was higher among children in the 2nd (4.3; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.9) and 3rd tercile (2.2; 95% CI: −0.5, 4.9) compared to children in the 1st tercile. Children in the top two PFOA terciles also had greater BMI gains from 2 to 8 years compared to children in the 1st tercile (P < 0.05). PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS were not associated with adiposity.ConclusionsIn this cohort, higher prenatal serum PFOA concentrations were associated with greater adiposity at 8 years and a more rapid increase in BMI between 2‐8 years.
Development of a suspect and non‐target screening approach to detect veterinary antibiotic residues in a complex biological matrix using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Solliec Morgan , Roy‐Lachapelle Audrey , Sauvé Sébastien 
Published: November 2015

RationaleSwine manure can contain a wide range of veterinary antibiotics, which could enter the environment via manure spreading on agricultural fields. A suspect and non‐target screening method was applied to swine manure samples to attempt to identify veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds for a future targeted analysis method.MethodsA combination of suspect and non‐target screening method was developed to identify various veterinary antibiotic families using liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). The sample preparation was based on the physicochemical parameters of antibiotics for the wide scope extraction of polar compounds prior to LC/HRMS analysis. The amount of data produced was processed by applying restrictive thresholds and filters to significantly reduce the number of compounds found and eliminate matrix components.ResultsThe suspect and non‐target screening was applied on swine manure samples and revealed the presence of seven common veterinary antibiotics and some of their relative metabolites, including tetracyclines, β‐lactams, sulfonamides and lincosamides. However, one steroid and one analgesic were also identified. The occurrence of the identified compounds was validated by comparing their retention times, isotopic abundance patterns and fragmentation patterns with certified standards.ConclusionsThis identification method could be very useful as an initial step to screen for and identify emerging contaminants such as veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices prior to quantification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What shapes perceptions of climate change? New research since 2010
Authors: Weber Elke U. 
Published: November 2015

Five years ago, an article in the first issue of WIREs Climate Change reviewed the factors that shape perceptions of climate change. Climate change is an abstract statistical phenomenon, namely a slow and gradual modification of average climate conditions, and thus a difficult phenomenon to detect and assess accurately based on personal experience. The current update of the original article—‘new research since 2010’—revisits topics covered in the original contribution: the role of personal experience with climate change, in particular extreme weather events; the effects of psychological distance on climate change perception and action; the effects of political ideology, age, gender, and nationality, and situational influences; and the role of different processing modes in climate change perception and the low level of visceral response (dread) associated with climate change risks. In addition, the current article also addresses new topics since 2010: attribute substitution or the use of weather anomalies—‘local’ warming or cooling—when judging the likelihood of global warming; the effects of different labels for the phenomenon—global warming versus climate change—on perceptions of its likelihood and importance; and the effect and role of uncertainty about different aspects of climate change and its consequences and how it is communicated on perceptions and actions. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:125–134. doi: 10.1002/wcc.377This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
An Introduction to Linguistics
Authors: Poole Stuart C. 
Published: November 2015

This lively and wide-ranging textbook provides an invaluable guide to the very nature of language. By covering all major aspects of linguistics - with chapters on semantics (the study of meaning), phonology (the sound systems of languages) and morphology (the structure of words), as well as syntax and social variation - it gives a thorough grounding in the fundamental concepts of language and a practical analysis of its use.
Concise summaries of the areas covered, a variety of texts and topic-related exercises, as well as a helpful glossary, provide further aids to study and revision.
Trends in Prevalence of Thyroid Cancer Over Three Decades: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 17,526 Surgical Patients
Authors: Konturek Aleksander , Barczyński Marcin , Stopa Małgorzata , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThyroid cancer (TC) incidence has been increasing in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate our institution‐based estimates of operative volumes for TC over the last three decades.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing thyroid surgery at our institution. Patient characteristics were reviewed in three subgroups: Group I (treated in 1981–1986), Group II (treated in 1987–2002), and Group III (treated in 2003–2012).ResultsTC was diagnosed in 1578/17,526 (9.0 %) thyroid operations. Incidence of TC increased from 3.7 % in Group I to 10.4 % in Group III (p < 0.001). Incidence of papillary TC increased form 40.6 % in Group I to 81.3 % in Group III (p < 0.001). In the latter group, 23.5 % of all papillary TCs were diagnosed in patients with Hashimoto’s disease. Meanwhile, incidence of anaplastic TC decreased from 16.2 % in Group I to 2.1 % in Group III patients (p < 0.001). pT1 tumors were diagnosed in 8.1 % Group I and 54.8 % Group III (p < 0.001), whereas pT4 tumors were identified in 40.5 % Group I, 2.4 % Group II, and 0.84 % Group III subjects (p < 0.001). pT3 tumors were found in 51.6 % Group I, whereas multifocal papillary TCs were found in 15.7 % Group III patients, the latter with a higher prevalence of pN1 stage (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe following trends in surgical volume for TC were identified throughout the study period: a fivefold increase of thyroid operations for TC, a threefold increase in incidence of papillary TC, and an eightfold decrease in incidence of anaplastic TC. It is of interest that a significant increase in incidence of multifocal papillary TC in young female patients with Hashimoto’s disease was found over time.
Survival in Resected Stage II Colorectal Cancer Is Dependent on Tumor Depth, Vascular Invasion, Postoperative CEA Level, and The Number of Examined Lymph Nodes
Authors: Tsai Hsiang‐Lin , Huang Ching‐Wen , Chen Chao‐Wen , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Ma Cheng‐Jen , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of tumor histology influence postoperative early relapse and overall survival rates after radical resection of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsData were collected for 425 patients with stage II CRC who began treatment at a single institution between January 2006 and October 2013. All the enrolled patients were followed up on until death or until December 2014. Clinically significant factors affecting postoperative early relapse and overall survival rates were analyzed.ResultsUsing a multivariate analysis, tumor invasion depth (P = 0.008), vascular invasion (P = 0.029), postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = 0.001), and retrieval of less than 12 lymph nodes (P = 0.002) were found to be independent predictors for postoperative early relapse. A combination of tumor invasion depth, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and number of lymph nodes retrieved showed that the greater the number of predictors involved, the higher the likelihood of postoperative early relapse and the poorer the overall survival.ConclusionsThis study revealed that T4 invasion, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and the number of examined lymph nodes may significantly affect the prognosis of stage II CRC patients after radical resection. The risks of postoperative early relapse and worse clinical outcome increase in proportion to the values of these four parameters.
Optimising Breast Conservation Treatment for Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer: A Worthwhile Endeavour?
Authors: Tan Mona P. , Sitoh Nadya Y. , Sitoh Yih Yiow 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundBreast conservation treatment (BCT) is an accepted treatment modality for early breast cancer. However, multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MFMCBC) is a relative contraindication to BCT. This study was performed to compare BCT rates in MFMCBC and unifocal tumours and its outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for patients with breast malignancies who underwent operative treatment between 2009 and 2011. Successful BCT was defined as the ability to obtain clear margins for all tumour foci through a single incision with acceptable resultant cosmesis.ResultsA total of 160 patients were analysed, of which 40 were MFMCBC. Thirty‐four of the 40 patients with MFMCBC underwent BCT (85 %). After a mean follow‐up period of 55 months, there were no local recurrences in patients with MFMCBC.ConclusionBCT was achieved in 85 % of the patients with MFMCBC in this cohort without evidence of poorer local control. Further investigation is needed to confirm this finding for its potential contribution to improved survival outcomes.
Liver Exposure Using Sterile Glove Pouch During Laparoscopic Right Liver Surgery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Bin Jin , Binghai Zhou , Sanyuan Hu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough laparoscopy is widely accepted for liver resection, lesions in the posterior and superior segments and deep region in the right lobe are difficult for visualization during laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). In this study, we aim examine the effects of using sterile gloves (SG) pouch padding during LLR.MethodsForty‐two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were included in our study. We performed LLR using SG (n = 24, SG group) and without SG during LLR (n = 18, NSG). We also compared the time of various procedures, blood loss, and liver function between the two groups.ResultsWe did not observe any major complications or death in all patients. The time of liver parenchyma transection and portal triad clamping in SG group is significantly shorter than those in NSG group (30.29 ± 5.55 vs. 39.00 ± 3.68 min p <. 001 for liver parenchyma transection, 23.00 ± 5.60 vs. 31.60 ± 5.03 min p <. 001 for portal triad clamping). Blood loss in SG group (162.91 ± 90.91 ml) was significantly lower than in NSG group (236.66 ± 101.67 ml p =. 024). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased one day after LLR, and decreased to normal level on day 7 after LLR in both groups.ConclusionsOur data suggests that a sterile glove pouch could enhance exposure in surgical field, which results in decrease in blood loss and procedure time. More studies with large sample size, large tumor size, and longer follow‐up are needed.
Predicting the distribution of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) through ecological niche modelling with climate, soil, topography and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Ray Debabrata , Behera Mukunda Dev , Jacob James 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIdentifying the factors that contribute to species distribution will help determine the impact of the changing climate on species’ range contraction and expansion. Ecological niche modelling is used to analyze the present and potential future distribution of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in two biogeographically distinct regions of India i.e., the Western Ghats (WG) and Northeast (NE). The rubber tree is an economically important plantation species, and therefore factors other than climate may play a significant role in determining its occurrence. To assist in future planning, we used the maximum entropy model to predict plausible areas for the expansion of rubber tree plantations under a changing climate scenario. Inclusion of elevation, soil and socioeconomic factors into the model did not result in a significant increase in the model accuracy estimates over the bioclimatic model (AUC > 0.92), but their effect was pronounced in the predicted probability scoring of species occurrence. Among various factors, elevation, rooting condition, village population and agricultural labour availability contributed substantially to the model in the NE region, whereas for the WG region, climate was the most important contributing factor for rubber tree distribution. We found that more areas would be suitable for rubber tree plantation in the NE region, whereas further expansion would be limited in the WG region under the projected climate scenario for 2050.
CHANGES TO THE NATURAL GAS, CORN, AND FERTILIZER PRICE RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BIOFUELS ERA
Authors: BECKMAN JAYSON , RICHE STEPHANIE 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe biofuels era brought about changes to the energy and agricultural sectors. For example, the decrease in natural gas prices has led to a weakening of the relationship between fertilizer and gas prices. The other change has been an increase in the demand for fertilizers, which has strengthened the price relationship between these two products. Econometric evidence from this work indicates that after 2008 the relationship between fertilizers and corn prices increased. In addition, results from our work indicate the presence of market power in the ammonia fertilizer sector.
MODELING LONGEVITY RISK WITH GENERALIZED DYNAMIC FACTOR MODELS AND VINE-COPULAE
Authors: Chuliá Helena , Guillén Montserrat , Uribe Jorge M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a methodology to forecast mortality rates and estimate longevity and mortality risks. The methodology uses generalized dynamic factor models fitted to the differences in the log-mortality rates. We compare their prediction performance with that of models previously described in the literature, including the traditional static factor model fitted to log-mortality rates. We also construct risk measures using vine-copula simulations, which take into account the dependence between the idiosyncratic components of the mortality rates. The methodology is applied to forecast mortality rates for a population portfolio for the UK and to estimate longevity and mortality risks.
The Legalisation of European Union Foreign Policy and the Use of Sanctions
Authors: CARDWELL Paul James 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article explores the legalisation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) and its increasing use of sanctions. It argues that the breadth and depth of the numerous sanctions regimes in place shows that EU foreign policy is not merely an aspiration but produces law and legal processes which share similarities with those in the rest of the EU’s legal order. Further, the article examines the extent to which non-EU Member States in Europe have aligned themselves with EU sanctions. The argument is made that this is evidence not only of Europeanisation, but also crucially of alegalisedforeign policy which has allowed Europe-wide, EU-led foreign policy to emerge.