bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss in pregnancy and cardiometabolic profile in childhood: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort
Authors: Grooten IJ , Painter RC , Pontesilli M , van der Post JAM , Mol BWJ , van Eijsden M , Vrijkotte TGM , Roseboom TJ 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the consequences of weight loss in pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and cardiometabolic profile in childhood.DesignProspective birth cohort (ABCD study).SettingBetween 2003 and 2004, all pregnant women in Amsterdam were approached for study participation.Population7818 pregnant women were included, of which 3165 consented to having their children examined at 5–6 years of age. In 1956 children fasting capillary blood samples were also taken.MethodsAt antenatal booking, women answered questions about their pregnancy and whether they suffered from severe weight loss (SWL; >5 kg). Pregnancy details and outcomes were available through the obstetric caregiver.Main outcome measuresAt birth main outcome measures were prematurity (<37 weeks) and birthweight. At follow‐up, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose and lipids were assessed.ResultsSWL occurred in 6.8% of cases. Women with SWL had similar preterm birth rates compared with women without these complaints (adjusted OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.7, 1.7). Birthweight (adjusted difference – 31 g, 95%CI −76, 15) and BMI at 5–6 years of age (adjusted difference 0.2 kg/m2, 95%CI 0.0, 0.5) were similar in children born to mothers with SWL and without SWL, but blood pressure was increased. For diastolic blood pressure this association was independent of confounders (adjusted difference 1.4 mmHg, 95%CI 0.4, 2.4). Lipid and glucose levels were not significantly different between these groups.ConclusionEarly pregnancy weight loss, usually occurring as a manifestation of hyperemesis gravidarum, could have long‐term consequences for offspring health.
Widespread non‐adherence to evidence‐based maternity care guidelines: a population‐based cluster randomised household survey
Authors: Nagpal J , Sachdeva A , Sengupta Dhar R , Bhargava VL , Bhartia A 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of maternity care in an Indian metropolitan city.Study designThree‐stage cluster randomised cross‐sectional survey.SettingSixty selected colonies of Delhi.PopulationOne thousand eight hundred and one subjects (of 2286 eligible) were enrolled from 118 446 houses. Women who had delivered a live viable birth in the past 6 months were selected for the study.MethodsIn stage 1, 20 wards (of 150) were selected using a probability‐proportionate‐to‐size systematic method. In stage 2, one colony from each income stratum (high, middle and low) was selected from each ward by simple random sampling. In stage 3, a house‐to‐house survey was conducted to recruit 30 women for administering a peer‐reviewed and pilot‐trialled questionnaire.Main outcome measuresCaesarean section rate, induction rate and episiotomy rate.ResultsNational health targets such as iron supplementation advice (>96%), tetanus vaccination (>81%), and ≥3 antenatal visits (>90%) were largely achieved across health care facilities but not in home deliveries. Interventions were lower in public than private hospitals: caesarean section [23.7% (20.2–27.7) versus 53.8% (49.3–58.3)], induction [20.6% (17.5–24.25) versus 30.8% (26.8–33.2)] and episiotomy [57.8% (52.3–63.1) versus 79.4% (71.0–85.9)]. Private hospitals achieved better labour support rates [1.1% (0.5–2.2) versus 14.6% (8.5–24.1)] and pain relief [0.9% (0.4–2.0) versus 9.9 (6.5–14.8)]. Pubic hair shaving [16.2% (11.5–22.5) versus 36.4% (29.9–43.4)], enema [20.2% (15.5–26.0) versus 57.3% (49.5–64.8)], and IV fluids during labour [44.0% (36.2–52.2) versus 38.7% (29.3–49.1)] were widely prevalent in public and private hospitals.ConclusionPresent practices fall short of evidence‐based guidelines, with relative overuse of interventions in private hospitals and deficiency of patient‐centred practices such as labour support in public hospitals.
Methodological Biases in Estimating the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: The Role of Drinker Misclassification Errors in Meta‐Analytic Results
Authors: Zeisser Cornelia , Stockwell Tim R. , Chikritzhs Tanya 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundWhile alcohol consumption has been linked to breast cancer in women, few studies have controlled for possible biases created by including former or occasional drinkers in the abstainer reference group. We explored the potential for such misclassification errors as sources of bias in estimates of the alcohol–breast cancer relationship.MethodsMeta‐analyses of population case–control, hospital case–control, and cohort studies to examine relationships between level of alcohol use and breast cancer morbidity and/or mortality in groups of studies with and without different misclassification errors.ResultsOf 60 studies identified, only 6 were free of all misclassification errors. The abstainer reference group was biased by the inclusion of former drinkers in 49 studies, occasional drinkers (<10 g ethanol [EtOH] per week) in 22 and by both these groups in 18. Occasional drinkers were also mixed with light or hazardous‐level drinkers in 22 studies. Unbiased estimates of the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer were 1.011 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.891 to 1.148) among former drinkers (n = 11) and 1.034 (95% CI: 1.003 to 1.064) among occasional drinkers (n = 17). Hazardous‐level drinking (>20 g < 41 g EtOH/d) was not significantly associated with breast cancer in studies with occasional drinker bias. However, in studies free from occasional drinker bias, the OR for breast cancer was 1.085 (95% CI: 1.015 to 1.160) for low‐level (<21 g/d) drinkers (n = 17), 1.374 (95% CI: 1.319 to 1.431) for hazardous‐level drinkers (n = 26), and 1.336 (95% CI: 1.228 to 1.454) for harmful‐level (>40 g/d) drinkers (n = 9).ConclusionsWhile the great majority of studies of the alcohol–breast cancer link include misclassification errors, only misclassification of occasional drinkers was found to bias risk estimates significantly. Estimates based on error‐free studies confirmed that low, hazardous and harmful levels of alcohol use each significantly increase the risk of breast cancer.
The Politics of Open Defecation: Informality, Body, and Infrastructure in Mumbai
Authors: Desai Renu , McFarlane Colin , Graham Stephen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the politics of open defecation by focusing on everyday intersections of the body and infrastructure in the metabolic city, which produces profoundly unequal opportunities for fulfilling bodily needs. Specifically, it examines how open defecation emerges in Mumbai's informal settlements through everyday embodied experiences, practices and perceptions forged in relation to the materialities of informality and infrastructure. It does so by tracing the micropolitics of provision, access, territoriality and control of sanitation infrastructures; everyday routines and rhythms, both of people and infrastructures; and experiences of disgust and perceptions of dignity. It also examines open defecation as embodied spatial and temporal improvisations in order to investigate the socially differentiated efforts and risks that it entails. More broadly, the paper seeks to deepen understandings of the relationship between the body, infrastructure and the sanitary/unsanitary city.
Acute Effects of Dipyrone on Renal Function in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zapater Pedro , Llanos Lucia , Barquero Claudia , Bellot Pablo , Pascual Sonia , Carnicer Fernando , Palazón Jose Maria , Gimenez Paula , Esteban Angel , Llorca Lourdes , Francés Ruben , Horga Jose Francisco , Such Jose 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUse of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in cirrhosis has been associated with impairment of renal function based on its ability to inhibit the renal production of prostaglandins. Renal effects of dipyrone in patients with cirrhosis have not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the renal effect of therapeutic doses of dipyrone used for short periods of time in patients with cirrhosis. Twenty‐nine patients with cirrhosis were included in an observer‐blind clinical trial. Patients were randomized to receive three times a day oral acetaminophen (500 mg; N = 15) or dipyrone (575 mg; N = 14) for 72 hr. Serum and urine samples were obtained at baseline, 48 and 72 hr, and cystatin C, creatinine, aldosterone, 6‐keto‐Prostaglandin‐F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 were measured. Cystatin C and creatinine levels remained comparable in patients treated with acetaminophen and dipyrone. Urine and serum prostaglandins concentrations were significantly decreased at 72 hr in patients treated with dipyrone regardless of the status of ascites. One patient with ascites treated with dipyrone required a paracentesis and developed renal insufficiency. We conclude that dipyrone and acetaminophen did not reduce renal function when used for short periods of time (up to 72 hr) in patients with cirrhosis. However, considering that dipyrone lowered renal vasodilator prostaglandins synthesis, acetaminophen appears as the safest choice with respect to kidney function in cirrhosis.
Monitoring of chimerism following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Technical recommendations for the use of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) based techniques, on behalf of the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Chimerism Working Group
Authors: Clark Jordan R. , Scott Stuart D. , Jack Andrea L. , Lee Helena , Mason Joanne , Carter Geoffrey I. , Pearce Laurence , Jackson Tony , Clouston Hazel , Sproul Anne , Keen Leigh , Molloy Karen , Folarin Najeem'deen , Whitby Liam , Snowden John A. , Reilly John T. , Barnett David 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAnalysis of short tandem repeats (STR) is the predominant method for post‐transplant monitoring of donor engraftment. It can enable early detection of disease relapse, level of engraftment and provide useful information on the graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD)/graft‐versus‐tumour (GVT) effect, facilitating therapeutic intervention. Harmonization and standardization of techniques and result interpretation is essential to reduce the impact of laboratory variability on both clinical management and the results of multi‐centre clinical trials. However, the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping (UK NEQAS LI) has highlighted significant issues inherent in STR testing that impact upon inter‐ and intra‐ laboratory variation. We present here consensus best practice guidelines and recommendations for STR chimerism testing, data interpretation and reporting that have been drawn up and agreed by a consortium of 11 UK and Eire clinical laboratories. This document uses data obtained from the UK NEQAS LI Post‐Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) Chimerism Monitoring Programme.
The oncogenic JUNB/CD30 axis contributes to cell cycle deregulation in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Atsaves Vassilis , Lekakis Lazaros , Drakos Elias , Leventaki Vasiliki , Ghaderi Mehran , Baltatzis George E. , Chioureas Dimitris , Jones Dan , Feretzaki Marianna , Liakou Chryssoula , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Gorgoulis Vassilis , Patsouris Efstratios , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Claret Francois X. , Rassidakis George Z. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) frequently carries the t(2;5)(p23;q35) resulting in expression of NPM1(NPM)‐ALK oncogenic kinase. The latter is capable of activating ERK kinase, which upregulates JUNB expression through ETS1. JUNB, in turn, interacts with the TNFRSF8 (CD30) gene promoter and induces CD30 (TNFRSF8) overexpression. However, the role of CD30 overexpression in ALK+ ALCL oncogenesis remains unknown. Here we show that the JUNB gene is frequently amplified in ALK+ ALCL, suggesting gene amplification as an additional underlying mechanism for JUNB overexpression. Silencing of JUNB resulted in reduced cell growth and colony formation associated with decreased activator protein‐1 activity and G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These effects were linked to decreased CD30 levels, downregulation of CCNA2 (Cyclin A), CCND2 (Cyclin D2) and CCND3 (Cyclin D3) and upregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A (p14) and CDKN1A (p21), but not CDKN1B (p27). Similar cell cycle changes were observed following the knock‐down of TNFRSF8 gene or blockade of its function using anti‐CD30 antibodies, which were associated with upregulation of CDKN2A and CDKN1A, but not CDKN1B. These findings indicate that JUNB may partly operate through CD30 signalling. Silencing of JUNB also sensitized NPM1‐ALCL+ cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings uncover the oncogenic role of the JUNB/CD30 axis and its potential as therapeutic target in ALK+ ALCL.
Hydroxycarbamide treatment in sickle cell disease: estimates of possible leukaemia risk and of hospitalization survival benefit
Authors: Castro Oswaldo , Nouraie Mehdi , Oneal Patricia 
Published: August 2014

SummaryUsing health insurance claims databases we compared the frequency/incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and inpatient mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects taking (n = 1051), or not taking (n = 9203) hydroxycarbamide (HC). Patients taking HC were older (median 19 vs. 17 years of age), had a higher proportion of males (53% vs. 38%), and their median hospitalizations per year was five times greater than in SCD patients not on HC (all P < 0·001). No new AML cases occurred in HC‐treated paediatric SCD patients. For adults, the new AML incidence with HC exposure was 10·7/10 000 patient years, vs. 4·0/10 000 patient years in subjects not on HC (P = 0·2), a possible AML risk ratio of 3·18. Adjustment for a probable database bias for AML diagnosis/ascertainment lowered the risk ratio to 0·94 (95% confidence interval = 0·16–5·47). Despite their greater disease severity, the inpatient mortality in SCD adults prescribed HC (0·29%) was lower than that of patients not taking the drug (0·42%, P = 0·032). In this SCD population we find no increased risk for AML with HC treatment. If such a risk is eventually proven, it will probably be lower than that for drugs with known AML association. By contrast, HC treatment appears to confer a survival benefit.
Haematopoietic development and leukaemia in Down syndrome
Authors: Roberts Irene , Izraeli Shai 
Published: August 2014

SummaryChildren with constitutional trisomy 21 (cT21, Down Syndrome, DS) are at a higher risk for both myeloid and B‐lymphoid leukaemias. The myeloid leukaemias are often preceded by a transient neonatal pre‐leukaemic syndrome, Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM). TAM is caused by cooperation between cT21 and acquired somatic N‐terminal truncating mutations in the key haematopoietic transcription factor GATA1. These mutations, which are not leukaemogenic in the absence of cT21, are found in almost one‐third of neonates with DS. Analysis of primary human fetal liver haematopoietic cells and of human embryonic stem cells demonstrates that cT21 itself substantially alters human fetal haematopoietic development. Consequently, many haematopoietic developmental defects are observed in neonates with DS even in the absence of TAM. Although studies in mouse models have suggested a pathogenic role of deregulated expression of several chromosome 21‐encoded genes, their role in human leukaemogenesis remains unclear. As cT21 exists in all embryonic cells, the molecular basis of cT21‐associated leukaemias probably reflects a complex interaction between deregulated gene expression in haematopoietic cells and the fetal haematopoietic microenvironment in DS.
Prediction of land‐use conversions for use in watershed‐scale hydrological modeling: a Canadian case study
Authors: El‐Khoury Antoun , Seidou Ousmane , Lapen David R. , Sunohara Mark , Zhenyang Que , Mohammadian Majid , Daneshfar Bahram 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLand‐use conversion models elucidate the complexities and spatial interdependencies of components of land use systems and provide insights into future land‐use configurations. In this paper, the 2012–2050 future land‐use patterns in the South Nation (SN) River basin, located in eastern Ontario, Canada, were generated with a modified version of the CLUE model and a 2011 reference map. The SN is an example of a basin where some water quality endpoints have dropped below acceptable limits because of a combination of intensive agriculture, urbanization, and climate change. Five historical land‐use maps were used to identify the historical trends in generalized land‐use classes. Seven demographic and geographic factors were used to derive the spatial distribution of land suitability to each land‐use class. The methodology was first validated by simulating land‐use changes from 1991 to 2011 starting from the 1991 reference map, and comparing the simulated 2011 map to the 2011 reference map. Then, the 2012–2050 land‐uses were generated, assuming historical trends derived from historical reference maps will continue in the future. Environmental impacts of the projected land‐use changes were discussed.
Learning to Learn From Stories: Children's Developing Sensitivity to the Causal Structure of Fictional Worlds
Authors: Walker Caren M. , Gopnik Alison , Ganea Patricia A. 
Published: August 2014

Fiction presents a unique challenge to the developing child, in that children must learn when to generalize information from stories to the real world. This study examines how children acquire causal knowledge from storybooks, and whether children are sensitive to how closely the fictional world resembles reality. Preschoolers (N = 108) listened to stories in which a novel causal relation was embedded within realistic or fantastical contexts. Results indicate that by at least 3 years of age, children are sensitive to the underlying causal structure of the story: Children are more likely to generalize content if the fictional world is similar to reality. Additionally, children become better able at discriminating between realistic and fantastical story contexts between 3 and 5 years of age.
Distinguishing primary from secondary Δ4‐3‐oxosteroid 5β‐reductase (SRD5B1, AKR1D1) deficiency by urinary steroid analysis
Authors: Yanagi Tadahiro , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Homma Keiko , Ueki Isao , Seki Yoshitaka , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Takei Hajime , Nittono Hiroshi , Kurosawa Takao , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Kimura Akihiko 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjectiveDeficiency of Δ4‐3‐oxosteroid 5β‐reductase (5β‐reductase), a bile acid synthesis disorder, presents findings of neonatal cholestasis and hyper‐3‐oxo‐Δ4 bile aciduria. The 5β‐reductase enzyme participates in not only bile acid synthesis but also hepatic steroid metabolism. Deficiency of 5β‐reductase includes 2 types: primary deficiency, with an SRD5B1 gene mutation; and secondary deficiency, lacking a mutation. Secondary deficiency is caused by fulminant liver failure from various aetiologies including neonatal hemochromatosis (NH). Distinguishing primary from secondary deficiency based on γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), serum total bile acids (TBA), and urinary bile acid analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) is very difficult. SRD5B1 gene analysis is the only reliable method. We examined urinary steroid analysis as a way to distinguish primary from secondary 5β‐reductase deficiency.Design, patients and measurementsWe examined 12 patients with cholestatic jaundice, normal or slightly elevated GGT, and hyper‐3‐oxo‐Δ4 bile aciduria using urinary steroid analysis by GC‐MS of both cortisol and cortisone compounds, such as 5β‐tetrahydrocortisol (5β‐THF) and 5β‐tetrahydrocortisone (5β‐THE). Patients previously were diagnosed with primary 5β‐reductase deficiency (n = 3), deficiency secondary to NH (n = 3) and deficiency secondary to other liver disorders (n = 6).ResultsUrinary steroid analysis in 3 primary deficiency and 3 NH patients showed low 5β‐THE and elevated 5α/5β‐THE ratios, making distinction difficult without also considering the clinical course and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, such as a very low signal intensity in liver and/or pancreas, especially in T2‐weighted images. In the six patients with other secondary deficiencies, urinary 5β‐THF and 5α/5β‐THF differed from those in primary deficiency (P < 0·05).ConclusionsUrinary steroid analysis can distinguish primary and NH‐related deficiencies from other secondary deficiencies.
Congenital midline cervical cleft: Clinical approach to a congenital anterior neck defect
Authors: Crippa Beatrice Letizia , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Cantarella Giovanna , Colombo Lorenzo , Agosti Viola , Amodeo Ilaria , Fumagalli Monica , Mazzola Isabella , Mosca Fabio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNumerous malformations can affect the anterior part of the neck presenting at birth as a real diagnostic challenge for the pediatrician or the primary care physician who initially evaluate the baby. Congenital midline cervical cleft represents a rare defect of the midline neck, which is sometimes wrongly diagnosed as a thyroglossal duct anomaly, dermoid cyst, branchial cleft anomaly or “birthmark”. A prompt clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment during early infancy are essential to ensure both functional and aesthetic outcome. We report a case of a female neonate with a midline cervical cleft diagnosed immediately after birth. The main features of other congenital anomalies of the anterior neck are also discussed referring to their embryologic origin.
Impacts of phylogenetic nomenclature on the efficacy of the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Authors: Leslie Matthew S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCataloging biodiversity is critical to conservation efforts because accurate taxonomy is often a precondition for protection under laws designed for species conservation, such as the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Traditional nomenclatural codes governing the taxonomic process have recently come under scrutiny because taxon names are more closely linked to hierarchical ranks than to the taxa themselves. A new approach to naming biological groups, called phylogenetic nomenclature (PN), explicitly names taxa by defining their names in terms of ancestry and descent. PN has the potential to increase nomenclatural stability and decrease confusion induced by the rank‐based codes. But proponents of PN have struggled with whether species and infraspecific taxa should be governed by the same rules as other taxa or should have special rules. Some proponents advocate the wholesale abandonment of rank labels (including species); this could have consequences for the implementation of taxon‐based conservation legislation. I examined the principles of PN as embodied in the PhyloCode (an alternative to traditional rank‐based nomenclature that names biological groups based on the results of phylogenetic analyses and does not associate taxa with ranks) and assessed how this novel approach to naming taxa might affect the implementation of species‐based legislation by providing a case study of the ESA. The latest version of the PhyloCode relies on the traditional rank‐based codes to name species and infraspecific taxa; thus, little will change regarding the main targets of the ESA because they will retain rank labels. For this reason, and because knowledge of evolutionary relationships is of greater importance than nomenclatural procedures for initial protection of endangered taxa under the ESA, I conclude that PN under the PhyloCode will have little impact on implementation of the ESA.Impactos de la Nomenclatura Filogenética sobre la Eficiencia del Acta Estadunidense para las Especies en Peligro