bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of biogenic sheath‐like Fe oxyhydroxides in a near‐neutral pH hot spring: Implications for the origin of microfossils in high‐temperature, Fe‐rich environments
Authors: Peng Xiaotong , Chen Shun , Xu Hengchao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA small hot spring that is informally called “Fe‐waterfall spring” and is located in the Rehai geothermal area discharges hot (42 to 73°C), near‐neutral (pH = 7.65) Fe‐rich water. Submerged reddish precipitates are composed largely of ferrihydrite, goethite, lepidocrocite, opal‐A, quartz, and anorthite, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the bacterial community in these precipitates is mainly composed of Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, β‐proteobacteria, Deinococci‐Thermus, and Chlorobi. Scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy examinations show that abundant sheath‐like Fe oxyhydroxides, which exhibit different morphologies and sizes, are present in Fe‐rich precipitates. These sheath‐like structures are composed of ferrihydrite rather than more crystalline lepidocrocite or goethite. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and nano secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal that they are mainly composed of Fe, Si, and O, together with some trace elements. Most of the sheath‐like structures are not morphologically comparable to biogenic Fe oxyhydroxides produced by known chemolithotrophic Fe oxidizers, which is consistent with the fact that no chemolithotrophic Fe oxidizers were identified by molecular analysis in the precipitates. We suggest that the sheath‐like Fe oxyhydroxides are formed through passive Fe sorption and nucleation onto the cell walls of various thermophiles rather than by the direct metabolic activities of chemolithotrophic Fe oxidizers. Biogenic sheath‐like Fe oxyhydroxides in Fe‐waterfall spring have important implications for geochemical cycles driven by microorganisms, the origin of microfossils, and the formation of banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Archean ocean.
Risk of redocumenting penicillin allergy in a cohort of patients with negative penicillin skin tests
Authors: Rimawi Ramzy H. , Shah Kaushal B. , Cook Paul P. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDEven though electronic documentation of allergies is critical to patient safety, inaccuracies in documentation can potentiate serious problems. Prior studies have not evaluated factors associated with redocumenting penicillin allergy in the medical record despite a proven tolerance with a penicillin skin test (PST).OBJECTIVEAssess the prevalence of reinstating inaccurate allergy information and associated factors thereof.DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective observational study from August 1, 2012 to July 31, 2013 of patients who previously had a negative PST. We reviewed records from the hospital, long‐term care facilities (LTCF), and primary doctors' offices.SETTINGVidant Health, a system of 10 hospitals in North Carolina.SUBJECTSPatients with proven penicillin tolerance rehospitalized within a year period from the PST.MEASUREMENTSWe gauged hospital reappearances, penicillin allergy redocumentation, residence, antimicrobial use, and presence of dementia or altered mentation.RESULTSOf the 150 patients with negative PST, 55 (37%) revisited a Vidant system hospital within a 1‐year period, of whom 21 were LTCF residents. Twenty (36%) of the 55 patients had penicillin allergy redocumented without apparent reason. Factors associated with penicillin allergy redocumentation included age >65 years (P = 0.011), LTCF residence (P = 0.0001), acutely altered mentation (P < 0.0001), and dementia (P < 0.0001). Penicillin allergy was still listed in all 21 (100%) of the LTCF records.CONCLUSIONSAt our hospital system, penicillin allergies are often redocumented into the medical record despite proven tolerance. The benefits of PST may be limited by inadequately removing the allergy from different electronic/paper hospital, LTCF, primary physician, and community pharmacy records. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:615–618. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Usefulness of the SPACE pulse sequence at 1.5T MR cholangiography: Comparison of image quality and image acquisition time with conventional 3D‐TSE sequence
Authors: Nakaura Takeshi , Kidoh Masafumi , Maruyama Natsuki , Kawahara Tetsuya , Namimoto Tomohiro , Sakai Yoshinari , Harada Kazunori , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo prospectively evaluate the image quality and image acquisition time at 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts (SPACE) and conventional turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) sequences.Materials and MethodsWe acquired navigator‐triggered SPACE and conventional 3D‐TSE MRCP images using the same parameters where possible for 30 patients and compared the image acquisition time, contrast, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of the common bile duct (CBD). Two radiologists performed qualitative analyses using a 4‐point scale.ResultsImage acquisition time was 31% shorter with the SPACE than the conventional TSE sequence (248.9 ± 73.0 sec vs. 360.5 ± 99.9 sec, P < 0.01). The contrast and CNR was significantly higher with the SPACE technique than conventional TSE (39.4 ± 14.7 vs. 33.5 ± 14.2, P < 0.01 and 18.6 ± 7.8 vs. 15.5 ± 9.3, P = 0.03). All visual scores were higher for the SPACE than the conventional TSE sequence; there was a significant difference in motion artifacts and the depiction of the CBD and the left hepatic and main pancreatic duct (P < 0.05).ConclusionOn the 1.5T MR scanner, 3D‐MRCP with the SPACE sequence significantly improved the contrast and CNR of CBD. In addition, it yielded images of better quality at 30% shorter acquisition time than constant refocusing pulse flip angle TSE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1014–1019. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of adjustment for non‐climatic discontinuities on determination of temperature trends and variability over Iran
Authors: Rahimzadeh Fatemeh , Nassaji Zavareh Mojtaba 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn‐situ observations of surface air temperature at 55 weather stations in Iran are analysed for homogeneity and trends over the period 1960–2010. Among them 32 stations have data available for the whole period. The other 23 stations with shorter records are used only to confirm variability during overlapping periods. Discontinuities in the temperature series relate mostly to relocation and changes of environmental conditions at individual stations. These changes alter the statistical characteristics of temperature, including the mean, variance, and frequency distribution and introduce uncertainties in spatially averaged trends. This article determines new estimates of temperature trends over Iran after the detection of artificial change points and application of homogenization.The regional trend of temperature is estimated using seasonal and annual minimum and maximum temperature from stations that have identical variability across the country. The country may be segmented to 10 such regions in terms of trends and variability of temperature. There is little doubt that temperatures have increased in all regions at nearly equal rates of 0.4–0.5 and 0.2–0.3 (°C/decade) for minimum and maximum temperature, respectively in Iran. The finding in earlier work of a few individual stations with negative trends is found to be due to artificial effects such as relocation.
Linear quantification calibration of crystallinity based on a simple univariate analysis of binary chemical images by selecting a threshold to define the sampling depth in Raman mapping
Authors: Wu Jianping 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIt is common belief that in Raman mapping, the sampling depth from which Raman signal is collected originates from a probe laser spot size of approximately 1–5 µm3. Actually, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystals detected by mapping on the sample surface distribute from surface to over a few tens to hundreds of microns into the sample, as determined by z‐slices mapping in this context. It was also found that the score of API crystals detected in a chemical image decrease with their depth into the sample. Therefore, a larger threshold of the binary chemical images can be used to restrict the sampling depth and consequently eliminate the problem of ‘saturation’ by quantifying merely the amount of API crystals within a sampling volume equivalent to a smaller sampling depth rather than the overall detected crystalline API in the chemical images. Eventually, one single linear quantification calibration was established over the crystallinity from sub‐percent (<1%) to over 20% w/w of a model sample by using a simple univariate analysis of binary chemical images method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cow's milk with active immunoglobulins againstCampylobacter jejuni: Effects of temperature on immunoglobulin activity
Authors: Riera Francisco , Alvarez Alejandro , Espi Alberto , Prieto Miguel , de la Roza Begoña , Vicente Fernando 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdult Holstein cows were injected with an antiserum againstCampylobacter jejuniand immunoglobulin activitiesin vitrowere determined in blood and milk several weeks after injection. The immunoactivity of immunoglobulins in milk was measured by an ELISA after different temperature–time treatments (60–91°C and 4–3600 s) at laboratory and pilot‐plant scales. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined.RESULTSAn increase in immunoglobulin activity in milk was detected several days after injection. Optical densities increased by three‐ to seven‐fold in this period. The activity started to decay 4–5 weeks after injection. Immunoglobulins maintained most of theirin vitroactivity under pasteurisation conditions (72°C and 15 s) and were denatured following first‐order kinetics.CONCLUSIONSThe injection protocol applied allows milk with specific immunoglobulins againstCampylobacter jejunito be obtained. Traditional pasteurisation did not reduce this activity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz meal as an alternative protein source in ruminant rations
Authors: Colombini Stefania , Broderick Glen A , Galasso Incoronata , Martinelli Tommaso , Rapetti Luca , Russo Roberto , Reggiani Remo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCamelina sativa (CS) is an oilseed crop used for biofuel production. By‐products from oil extraction are high in protein and can be used in ruminant rations; more information about their nutritive value is required also considering the antinutrional factor content of the by‐products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of CS meal genotypes in comparison with canola.RESULTSTen CS genotypes and one canola cultivar were evaluated. Meals were obtained from seeds after solvent oil extraction. CS average crude protein (CP) content (g kg−1 dry matter) was 457. Numerical differences in lysine and sulfur amino acid content were observed among CS genotypes. Glucosinolate (mmol kg−1) content was higher for CS (23.1) than canola (7.2). Sinapine content (g kg−1) was lower for CS (2.79) than for canola (4.32). Differences were observed among CS genotypes for rumen undegraded protein (RUP). Average RUP (g kg−1 CP) was 316 for CS and 275 for canola.CONCLUSIONSCS meal has potential for use in ruminant rations as a high‐quality protein source. In vivo studies are needed to compare CS with other protein sources used in cattle rations. Implementation of breeding programs for improved meal quality is recommend. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Airway algorithm for the management of patients with a king LT
Authors: Khaja Sobia F. , Chang Kristi E. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo discuss an algorithm for managing the airway in patients presenting with a King LT in place.Study DesignCase series at a single institution with planned chart review.MethodsThis study reviewed the management of three patients who presented to a tertiary academic medical facility emergency department following placement of a King LT at an outside hospital or in the field. Clinical history at admission as well as each patient's hospital course was evaluated. We discuss the management of the airway in each of these cases and use these to help design an algorithm for improving outcomes in patients with a King LT in place.ResultsIn each of the three cases presented, the Otolaryngology Department was consulted for definitive airway management. In two of these patients, the airway was successfully secured using endotracheal intubation. Only one patient required tracheostomy. We discuss an algorithm for managing these patients to obtain a safe airway, which includes assessing the airway with flexible endoscopy and then proceeding with intubation by the Seldinger technique or intubation using a video laryngoscope. In some cases, tracheostomy will be required to definitively secure the airway.ConclusionsThe King LT is a valuable tool available in the field to help to temporarily secure the airway. Otolaryngologists should have an appropriate airway algorithm for managing patients with a King LT in place to minimize the need for a tracheostomy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1123–1127, 2014
Otolaryngology and medical malpractice: A review of the past decade, 2001–2011
Authors: Hong Steven S. , Yheulon Christopher G. , Wirtz Eric D. , Sniezek Joseph C. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo better understand the causes and outcomes of lawsuits involving otolaryngologists in the past decade by analyzing malpractice litigation trends to prevent future litigation and improve physician education.Study DesignAnalysis of a national database for all US civil trials.MethodsThe Westlaw database was reviewed from 2001 to 2011. Data were compiled on the demographics of the plaintiffs, use of expert witnesses, procedures, nature of the injury, legal allegations, verdicts, and indemnities.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐eight cases met inclusion criteria. Verdicts for the defendant/otolaryngologist predominated (58%), whereas the average award when the verdict favored the plaintiff was $1,782,514. When otolaryngologists were used as expert witnesses by the defense, the verdict outcome statistically favored the defendant. Two of the most commonly cited legal allegations were improper performance and failure to diagnose and treat. Fifty‐one cases involved allegations of wrongful death, with the overall outcome favoring the plaintiffs (51%). The average indemnities in these cases were significantly higher for plaintiff verdicts at $2,552,580 versus settlements at $992,896. Forty‐two cases involved malignancy, with the two most common allegations being failure to diagnose and treat (79%) and delay in diagnosis (74%).ConclusionsOur study reveals that in the past decade, in significant malpractice litigations, overall outcomes favored otolaryngologists. The average awards was significantly higher when cases involved malignancy. Our analysis reveals the importance of meticulous surgical techniques and thorough preoperative evaluations. Last, when otolaryngologists are defendants in litigation, our review reiterates the value of the otolaryngologist as the defense's expert witnesses. Laryngoscope, 124:896–901, 2014
Micro‐LED pumped polymer laser: A discussion of future pump sources for organic lasers
Authors: Herrnsdorf Johannes , Wang Yue , McKendry Jonathan J. D. , Gong Zheng , Massoubre David , Guilhabert Benoit , Tsiminis Georgios , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Laurand Nicolas , Gu Erdan , Dawson Martin D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOptical pumping conditions for organic solid‐state lasers (OSLs) are discussed with particular emphasis on the use of gallium nitride based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as pump sources. LEDs operate in a regime where the pump should be optimized for a short rise time and high peak intensity, whereas fall time and overall pulse duration are less important. Lasers pumped with this approach need to have very low thresholds which can now be routinely created using (one‐dimensional) distributed feedback lasers. In this particular case stripe‐shaped excitation with linearly polarized light is beneficial. Arrays of micron‐sized flip‐chip LEDs have been arranged in an appropriate stripe shape and the array dimensions were chosen such that the divergence of LED emission does not cause a loss in peak intensity. These micro‐LED arrays have successfully been used to pump OSLs with thresholds near 300 W/cm2 (∼9 ns rise time, 35 ns pulse duration), paving the way for compact arrays of indirectly electrically pumped OSLs.
Next‐generation DNA sequencing of HEXA: a step in the right direction for carrier screening
Authors: Hoffman Jodi D. , Greger Valerie , Strovel Erin T. , Blitzer Miriam G. , Umbarger Mark A. , Kennedy Caleb , Bishop Brian , Saunders Patrick , Porreca Gregory J. , Schienda Jaclyn , Davie Jocelyn , Hallam Stephanie , Towne Charles 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTay‐Sachs disease (TSD) is the prototype for ethnic‐based carrier screening, with a carrier rate of ~1/27 in Ashkenazi Jews and French Canadians. HexA enzyme analysis is the current gold standard for TSD carrier screening (detection rate ~98%), but has technical limitations. We compared DNA analysis by next‐generation DNA sequencing (NGS) plus an assay for the 7.6 kb deletion to enzyme analysis for TSD carrier screening using 74 samples collected from participants at a TSD family conference. Fifty‐one of 74 participants had positive enzyme results (46 carriers, five late‐onset Tay‐Sachs [LOTS]), 16 had negative, and seven had inconclusive results. NGS + 7.6 kb del screening of HEXA found a pathogenic mutation, pseudoallele, or variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 100% of the enzyme‐positive or obligate carrier/enzyme‐inconclusive samples. NGS detected the B1 allele in two enzyme‐negative obligate carriers. Our data indicate that NGS can be used as a TSD clinical carrier screening tool. We demonstrate that NGS can be superior in detecting TSD carriers compared to traditional enzyme and genotyping methodologies, which are limited by false‐positive and false‐negative results and ethnically focused, limited mutation panels, respectively, but is not ready for sole use due to lack of information regarding some VUS.
Characterization of Ile‐His‐Arg‐Phe, a novel rice‐derived vasorelaxing peptide with hypotensive and anorexigenic activities
Authors: Kontani Noriyasu , Omae Ryo , Kagebayashi Tomomi , Kaneko Kentaro , Yamada Yuko , Mizushige Takafumi , Kanamoto Ryuhei , Ohinata Kousaku 
Published: October 2013

ScopeRecently, we found that dipeptide Arg‐Phe (RF) had cholecystokinin (CCK)‐dependent vasorelaxing activity. The RF sequence is often observed in the primary structure of natural food proteins. In the current study, we investigated enzymatic conditions for the release of RF‐related peptides from rice glutelin, a major storage protein, using gastrointestinal proteases. RF‐related peptides were then characterized.Methods and resultsIt was found that RF and Ile‐His‐Arg‐Phe (IHRF) were released in the chymotrypsin digest of the partial structure of rice glutelin. We then focused on previously unidentified IHRF, corresponding to rice glutelin(155−158). IHRF had vasorelaxing activity in the mesenteric artery of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Orally administered IHRF lowered systolic blood pressure in SHRs. The antihypertensive activity of IHRF was more potent and long‐lasting than that of RF. IHRF‐induced vasorelaxing activity was not blocked by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase, but by an antagonist for CCK1 receptor. IHRF also had CCK‐like suppressive activities in food intake and gastrointestinal transit. IHRF increased intracellular Ca2+ flux and CCK release in the enteroendocrine cell STC‐1.ConclusionIHRF, a novel CCK‐dependent vasorelaxing peptide, decreases both blood pressure and food intake in rodents.
Defining the neighborhoods that escort the oocyte through its early life events and into a functional follicle
Authors: Jorgensen Joan S. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe ovary functions to chaperone the most precious cargo for female individuals, the oocyte, thereby allowing the passage of genetic material to subsequent generations. Within the ovary, single oocytes are surrounded by a legion of granulosa cells inside each follicle. These two cell types depend upon one another to support follicle formation and oocyte survival. The infrastructure and events that work together to ultimately form these functional follicles within the ovary are unprecedented, given that the oocyte originates as a cell like all other neighboring cells within the embryo prior to gastrulation. This review discusses the journey of the germ cell in the context of the developing female mouse embryo, with a focus on specific signaling events and cell–cell interactions that escort the primordial germ cell as it is specified into the germ cell fate, migrates through the hindgut into the gonad, differentiates into an oocyte, and culminates upon formation of the primordial and then primary follicle. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 960–976, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved susceptibility weighted imaging method using multi‐echo acquisition
Authors: Oh Sung Suk , Oh Se‐Hong , Nam Yoonho , Han Dongyeob , Stafford Randall B. , Hwang Jinyoung , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Park HyunWook , Lee Jongho 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo introduce novel acquisition and postprocessing approaches for susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to remove background field inhomogeneity artifacts in both magnitude and phase data.MethodsThe proposed method acquires three echoes in a three‐dimensional gradient echo (GRE) sequence, with a field compensation gradient (z‐shim gradient) applied to the third echo. The artifacts in the magnitude data are compensated by signal estimation from all three echoes. The artifacts in phase signals are removed by modeling the background phase distortions using Gaussians. The method was applied in vivo and compared with conventional SWI.ResultsThe method successfully compensates for background field inhomogeneity artifacts in magnitude and phase images, and demonstrated improved SWI images. In particular, vessels in frontal lobe, which were not observed in conventional SWI, were identified in the proposed method.ConclusionThe new method improves image quality in SWI by restoring signal in the frontal and temporal regions. Magn Reson Med 72:452–458, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.