bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin cancer knowledge and sun protection behavior among nursing students
Authors: Yilmaz Medine , Yavuz Betul , Subasi Media , Kartal Asiye , Celebioglu Aysun , Kacar Halime , Adana Filiz , Ozyurek Pakize , Altiparmak Saliha 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to determine skin cancer knowledge and sun protection behavior among nursing students.MethodsA total of 1178 nursing students in the Aegean Region of Turkey took part in this descriptive study. A score for knowledge on protection against skin cancer and a score for protective behavior against skin cancer were calculated.ResultsIn this study, first year students sunbathed more in the middle of the day than fourth year students, and their knowledge of skin cancer was lower. No statistical difference was determined for protective behavior between the two groups. The knowledge levels and protective behavior of first year students were alarmingly low, but the average scores for knowledge and behavior of the fourth year university students were higher. The knowledge levels of the fourth year students were average but their protective behavior was insufficient. It was found that the knowledge levels and the levels of protective behavior of light‐skinned students were higher.ConclusionThis study revealed that the knowledge levels and protective behavior of first year nursing students against the harmful effects of the sun and for protection against skin cancer were alarmingly low. It also showed that the knowledge levels of the fourth year nursing students were average, but that their protective behavior was very insufficient. These findings suggest that it is of extreme importance to acquire knowledge and behavior for protection against skin cancers in the education of nursing students.
Thermal evolution of the Tseel terrane, SW Mongolia and its relation to granitoid intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Burenjargal U. , Okamoto A. , Kuwatani T. , Sakata S. , Hirata T. , Tsuchiya N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe timing and thermal effects of granitoid intrusions into accreted sedimentary rocks are important for understanding the growth process of continental crust. In this study, the petrology and geochronology of pelitic gneisses in the Tseel area of the Tseel terrane, SW Mongolia, are examined to understand the relationship between igneous activity and metamorphism during crustal evolution in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Four mineral zones are recognized on the basis of progressive changes in the mineral assemblages in the pelitic gneisses, namely: the garnet, staurolite, sillimanite and cordierite zones. The gneisses with high metamorphic grades (i.e. sillimanite and cordierite zones) occur in the central part of the Tseel area, where granitoids are abundant. To the north and south of these granitoids, the metamorphic grade shows a gradual decrease. The composition of garnet in the pelitic gneisses varies systematically across the mineral zones, from grossular‐rich garnet in the garnet zone to zoned garnet with grossular‐rich cores and pyrope‐rich rims in the staurolite zone, and pyrope‐rich garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones. Thermobarometric analyses of individual garnet crystals reveal two main stages of metamorphism: (i) a high‐P and low‐T stage (as recorded by garnet in the garnet zone and garnet cores in the staurolite zone) at 520–580 °C and 4.5–7 kbar in the kyanite stability field and (ii) a low‐P and high‐T stage (garnet rims in the staurolite zone and garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones) at 570–680 °C and 3.0–6.0 kbar in the sillimanite stability field. The earlier high‐P metamorphism resulted in the growth of kyanite in quartz veins within the staurolite and sillimanite zones. The U–Pb zircon ages of pelitic gneisses and granitoids reveal that (i) the protolith (igneous) age of the pelitic gneisses is c. 510 Ma; (ii) the low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred at 377 ± 30 Ma; and (iii) this metamorphic stage was coeval with granitoid intrusion at 385 ± 7 Ma. The age of the earlier low‐T and high‐P metamorphism is not clearly recorded in the zircon, but probably corresponds to small age peaks at 450–400 Ma. The low‐P and high‐T metamorphism continued for c. 100 Ma, which is longer than the active period of a single granitoid body. These findings indicate that an elevation of geotherm and a transition from high‐P and low‐T to low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred, associated with continuous emplacement of several granitoids, during the crustal evolution in the Devonian CAOB.
Using Nursing Intervention Classification in an Advance Practice Registered Nurse–Led Preventive Model for Adults Aging With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hahn Joan Earle 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe the most frequently reported and the most central nursing interventions in an advance practice registered nurse (APRN)–led in‐home preventive intervention model for adults aging with developmental disabilities using the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system.MethodsA descriptive data analysis and a market basket analysis were conducted on de‐identified nominal nursing intervention data from two home visits conducted by nurse practitioners (NPs) from October 2010 to June 2012 for 80 community‐dwelling adults with developmental disabilities, ages 29 to 68 years.ResultsThe mean number of NIC interventions was 4.7 in the first visit and 6.0 in the second visit and last visit. NPs reported 45 different intervention types as classified using a standardized language, with 376 in Visit One and 470 in Visit Two. Approximately 85% of the sample received the Health education intervention. The market basket analysis revealed common pairs, triples, and quadruple sets of interventions in this preventive model. The NIC nursing interventions that occurred together repeatedly were: Health education, Weight management, Nutrition management, Health screening, and Behavior management.ConclusionsFive NIC interventions form the basis of an APRN‐led preventive intervention model for individuals aging with lifelong disability, with health education as the most common intervention, combined with interventions to manage weight and nutrition, promote healthy behaviors, and encourage routine health screening. Less frequently reported NIC interventions suggest the need to tailor prevention to individual needs, whether acute or chronic.Clinical RelevanceAPRNs employing prevention among adults aging with developmental disabilities must anticipate the need to focus on health education strategies for health promotion and prevention as well as tailor and target a patient‐centered approach to support self‐management of health to promote healthy aging in place. These NIC interventions serve not only as a guide for planning preventive interventions, but for designing nursing curricula to reduce health disparities among people with varying learning needs.
Perception of Spanish Nursing Staff on the Use of Physical Restraints
Authors: Fariña‐López Emilio , Estévez‐Guerra Gabriel J. , Gandoy‐Crego Manuel , Polo‐Luque Luz M. , Gómez‐Cantorna Cristina , Capezuti Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo examine the perception of registered nurses and nursing assistants regarding the use of physical restraints with residents of nursing homes located in four of the regions of Spain; and to evaluate the relationship of these perceptions to the staff respondents’ level of training.DesignCross‐sectional multicenter and correlational study. The research was conducted in 2013 in 19 Spanish nursing homes with 2,940 residential beds. A total of 785 nurses (170 registered nurses and 615 nursing assistants) participated in the study.MethodsThe Perception of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ), consisting of 17 of the most cited reasons for using these devices, was used, as was a questionnaire capturing the sociodemographic characteristics and educational or experience level of staff respondents.FindingsNurses reported the most important uses for restraints as prevention of falls and avoidance of medical device interference. As indicated by an average PRUQ score of 3.47, staff respondents supported restraint use, especially nursing assistants (3.59) as compared to registered nurses (3.00). With regard to training: 83.7% had participated in little, if any, training and only 29.2% had read three or more documents related to restraint use; 66.6% believed that their training was inadequate. No correlation was found between the results of the PRUQ and the respondents´ sociodemographic characteristics or participation in training activities. No differences were found among nurses by region.ConclusionsIn contrast to papers published in other countries, nurses in this study still consider it necessary to apply restraints in everyday practice. The education of nursing staff regarding restraint and knowledge of alternatives is needed; they should at least be aware of international standards of care regarding physical restraint use.Clinical RelevanceMost of the staff perceived their training related to the use of these devices as insufficient. Nursing assistants considered the use of restraints more important than did the registered nurses.
Contingency, novelty and choice. Cultural evolution as internal selection
Authors: Baldus Bernd 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSociological, economic and evolutionary paradigms of human agency have often seen social agents either as the rational controllers of their fate or as marionettes on the strings of historical, functional or adaptive necessity. They found it therefore difficult to account for the variability, intentionality and creativity of human behaviour and for its frequently redundant or harmful results. This paper argues that human agency is a product of evolution, but that genetic variation and inheritance can only provide a limited explanation of its complex nature. The primary evolutionary problem which human agents face while they are alive is not to adapt to stable environments, but to respond flexibly and creatively to a contingent, uncertain world. Variation and selection therefore take two connected but distinct forms, one external, genetic, and inherited across generations, the other internal and cognitive, and operating during the lifetime of individuals. An examination of this lived part of evolution provides a better understanding of key properties of agency.
Virological efficacy of combination therapy with corticosteroid and nucleoside analogue for severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yasui S. , Fujiwara K. , Nakamura M. , Miyamura T. , Yonemitsu Y. , Mikata R. , Arai M. , Kanda T. , Imazeki F. , Oda S. , Yokosuka O. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe short‐term prognosis of patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) leading to acute liver failure is extremely poor. We have reported the efficacy of corticosteroid in combination with nucleoside analogue in the early stages, but virological efficacy has not been documented. Our aim was to elucidate the virological efficacy of this approach. Thirteen patients defined as severe acute exacerbation of CHB by our uniform criteria were prospectively examined for virological responses to treatment. Nucleoside analogue and sufficient dose of corticosteroids were introduced as soon as possible after the diagnosis of severe disease. Of the 13 patients, 7 (54%) survived, 5 (38%) died and 1 (8%) received liver transplantation. The decline of HBV DNA was significant between the first 2 weeks (P = 0.02) and 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Mean reduction in HBV DNA during the first 2 weeks was 1.7 ± 0.9 log copies per mL in overall patients, 2.1 ± 0.8 in survived patients and 1.2 ± 0.9 in dead/transplanted patients. The decline of HBV DNA was significant between the first 2 weeks (P = 0.03) and 4 weeks (P = 0.02) in survived patients, but not in dead/transplanted patients. Our study shows that corticosteroid treatment in combination with nucleotide analogue has sufficient virological effect against severe acute exacerbation of CHB, and a rapid decline of HBV DNA is conspicuous in survived patients.
(Cleaved) CK18 serum and tissue expression levels differentiate acute HCV reinfection from acute rejection in liver allografts
Authors: Reis Henning , Wohlschläger Jeremias , Hagemann Sascha , Wenzel Patricia , Bechmann Lars P. , Suttorp Anna‐Carinna , Schlattjan Martin J. , Herzer Kerstin , Canbay Ali , Baba Hideo A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsOrthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the sole therapeutic option to cure end‐stage liver diseases including HCV‐related cirrhosis. Timely and precise differentiation of relevant acute HCV reinfection from acute rejection after OLT is vital for appropriate therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of (non‐) invasive apoptosis (M30) and necrosis (M65) determination in the differential diagnosis of acute (and chronic) HCV reinfection vs. acute rejection in liver allografts.MethodsSerum samples and liver biopsy tissues were available from 76 patients including a control group (19× NAFL, 19× NASH, 16× acute rejection, 11× acute and 11× chronic HCV reinfection) and were analysed using M30‐ and M65 ELISAs (M30S, M65S) and M30‐immunohistochemistry (M30H). Clinical and serological data were collected.ResultsM30S, M65S and M30H were highly correlated with diagnostic groups in the total cohort (all P < 0.0001). M30S, M65S and M30H were independently able to differentiate acute HCV reinfection from acute rejection (P = 0.048, P = 0.001, P = 0.010) with moderate to excellent diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, cut‐off‐value in M30S: 70%, 75%, 1025 U/L; M65S: 100%, 92%, 1308 U/L; M30H: 73%, 88%, 0.3%).ConclusionsM30‐, M65‐ELISAs and M30‐immunohistochemistry are potential useful tools in differentiating acute HCV reinfection from acute rejection facilitating both speed and accuracy of the diagnostic process for the clinician and hepatopathologist. In this context, M65S provided superior diagnostic characteristics compared to M30‐based methods. However, being the first analysis of (cleaved) CK18 serum and tissue expression levels in this context, the results need to be verified in further studies.
Hepatic progenitor cells in liver regeneration: current advances and clinical perspectives
Authors: Katoonizadeh Aezam , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhen there is a massive loss of hepatocytes and/or an inhibition in the proliferative capacity of the mature hepatocytes, activation of a dormant cell population of resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) occurs. Depending on the type of liver damage HPCs generate new hepatocytes and biliary cells to repopulate the liver placing them as potential candidates for cell therapy in human liver failure. Liver injury specific mechanisms through which HPCs differentiate towards mature epithelial cell types are recently become understood. Such new insights will enable us not only to direct HPCs behaviour for therapeutic purposes, but also to develop clinically feasible methods for in vivo differentiation of other stem cell types towards functional hepatocytes. This review aimed to provide the current improved knowledge of the role of HPCs niche and its signals in directing the behaviour and fate of HPCs and to translate this basic knowledge of HPCs activation/differentiation into its clinical applications.
Parameters for quantifying bolus retention with high‐resolution impedance manometry
Authors: Lin Z. , Nicodème F. , Lin C.‐Y. , Mogni B. , Friesen L. , Kahrilas P. J. , Pandolfino J. E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop a methodology for quantifying esophageal bolus retention using a high‐resolution esophageal impedance topography (EIT) technique.MethodsThe ability of impedance to quantify bolus retention was validated by comparison with concurrent fluoroscopic imaging (barium bolus) in 10 healthy subjects. High‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) studies without fluoroscopy were performed in another 15 healthy subjects to define normal values using saline. HRIM data from each subject were analyzed using a MATLAB program customized for calculating the esophageal impedance integral (EII) prior to the contraction wave front as EII1 and after the contraction as EII2, and presented as a ratio of EII2/EII1, which was compared to the percent of barium areas retained in the esophagus on fluoroscopy determined by a blinded reviewer.Key ResultsIn 93% (37/40) of barium swallows, the results from the EIT method were in agreement with fluoroscopy results with one of three patterns: (1) 25 normal bolus transit, (2) eight bolus stasis, and (3) four retrograde escape or reflux. Three swallows (8%) had slight retention identified by EIT, but no retention detected by fluoroscopy. The correlation between percent of bolus retained in the esophagus detected by fluoroscopy and percent of bolus retention (EII2/EII1) after swallows with EIT method was r = 0.96 (p < 0.001) in supine and r = 0.69 (p < 0.001) in upright position.Conclusions & InferencesThe EII ratio (EII2/EII1) is a surrogate for the fraction of retained bolus after a swallow and this metric may be useful in better defining esophageal function.
Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant–fungus symbioses
Authors: Strullu‐Derrien Christine , Kenrick Paul , Pressel Silvia , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Rioult Jean‐Philippe , Strullu Désiré‐Georges 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Fungi (Eumycota) form close associations with plants, with which they have co‐existed since the dawn of life on land, but their diversity in early terrestrial ecosystems is still poorly understood.

We studied petrographic sections of exceptionally well‐preserved petrified plants from the 407 million yr‐old Rhynie Chert (Scotland, UK). For comparative purposes, we illustrate fungal associations in four extant lower land plants.

We document two new endophytes in the plant Horneophyton lignieri: Palaeoglomus boullardii (sp. nov. Glomeromycota) colonizes parenchyma in a discontinuous zone of the outer cortex of the aerial axes, forming arbuscule‐like structures, vesicles and spores; Palaeoendogone gwynne‐vaughaniae (gen. nov., sp. nov. Mucoromycotina) colonizes parenchyma in the basal part of the plant, where it is present in intercellular spaces and as intracellular coils but absent from rhizoids.

Critical comparisons between the newly discovered Horneophyton endophytes, fungi previously described from the Rhynie Chert and fungal colonization in extant lower land plants reveal several features characteristic of both Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota. A reappraisal of fungal associations in early land plants indicates that they are more diverse than assumed hitherto, overturning the long‐held paradigm that the early endophytes were exclusively Glomeromycota.
Live‐cell imaging of phosphatidic acid dynamics in pollen tubes visualized by Spo20p‐derived biosensor
Authors: Potocký Martin , Pleskot Roman , Pejchar Přemysl , Vitale Nicolas , Kost Benedikt , Žárský Viktor 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Although phosphatidic acid (PA) is structurally the simplest membrane phospholipid, it has been implicated in the regulation of many cellular events, including cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane trafficking and stress responses. Plant PA shows rapid turnover but the information about its spatio‐temporal distribution in plant cells is missing. Here we demonstrate the use of a lipid biosensor that enables us to monitor PA dynamics in plant cells.

The biosensor consists of a PA‐binding domain of yeast SNARE Spo20p fused to fluorescent proteins. Live‐cell imaging of PA dynamics in transiently transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

In growing pollen tubes, PA shows distinct annulus‐like fluorescence pattern in the plasma membrane behind the extreme tip. Coexpression studies with markers for other plasmalemma signaling lipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate and diacylglycerol revealed limited colocalization at the shoulders of the apex. PA distribution and concentrations show distinct responses to various lipid signaling inhibitors. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis suggests high PA turnover in the plasma membrane.

Our data show that a biosensor based on the Spo20p‐PA binding domain is suitable for live‐cell imaging of PA also in plant cells. In tobacco pollen tubes, distinct subapical PA maximum corroborates its involvement in the regulation of endocytosis and actin dynamics.
Histidine‐mediated xylem loading of zinc is a species‐wide character in Noccaea caerulescens
Authors: Kozhevnikova Anna D. , Seregin Ilya V. , Erlikh Nadezhda T. , Shevyreva Taisiya A. , Andreev Igor M. , Verweij Rudo , Schat Henk 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Histidine plays a crucial role in nickel (Ni) translocation in Ni‐hyperaccumulating plants. Here, we investigated its role in zinc (Zn) translocation in four accessions of the Zn hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens, using the related non‐hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi arvense, as a reference.

We compared the effects of exogenous histidine supply on Zn xylem loading, and of Zn–histidine complex formation on Zn uptake in energized tonoplast vesicles. The Zn distribution patterns over root tissues were also compared.

Exogenous histidine supply enhanced Zn xylem loading in all the N. caerulescens accessions, but decreased it in T. arvense. Zn distribution patterns over root tissues were similar, apart from the accumulation in cortical and endodermal cells, which was much lower in N. caerulescens than in T. arvense. Zn uptake in energized tonoplast vesicles was inhibited significantly in N. caerulescens, but not affected significantly in T. arvense, when Zn was supplied in combination with histidine in a 1 : 2 molar ratio.

Histidine‐mediated Zn xylem loading seems to be a species‐wide character in N. caerulescens. It may well have evolved as a component trait of the hyperaccumulation machinery for Zn, rather than for Ni.
The Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen‐activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 target a subclass of ‘VQ‐motif’‐containing proteins to regulate immune responses
Authors: Pecher Pascal , Eschen‐Lippold Lennart , Herklotz Siska , Kuhle Katja , Naumann Kai , Bethke Gerit , Uhrig Joachim , Weyhe Martin , Scheel Dierk , Lee Justin 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play key roles in plant immune signalling, and elucidating their regulatory functions requires the identification of the pathway‐specific substrates.

We used yeast two‐hybrid interaction screens, in vitro kinase assays and mass spectrometry‐based phosphosite mapping to study a family of MAPK substrates. Site‐directed mutagenesis and promoter‐reporter fusion studies were performed to evaluate the impact of substrate phosphorylation on downstream signalling.

A subset of the Arabidopsis thaliana VQ‐motif‐containing proteins (VQPs) were phosphorylated by the MAPKs MPK3 and MPK6, and renamed MPK3/6‐targeted VQPs (MVQs). When plant protoplasts (expressing these MVQs) were treated with the flagellin‐derived peptide flg22, several MVQs were destabilized in vivo. The MVQs interact with specific WRKY transcription factors. Detailed analysis of a representative member of the MVQ subset, MVQ1, indicated a negative role in WRKY‐mediated defence gene expression – with mutation of the VQ‐motif abrogating WRKY binding and causing mis‐regulation of defence gene expression.

We postulate the existence of a variety of WRKY‐VQP‐containing transcriptional regulatory protein complexes that depend on spatio‐temporal VQP and WRKY expression patterns. Defence gene transcription can be modulated by changing the composition of these complexes – in part – through MAPK‐mediated VQP degradation.