bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel protection strategies for passive optical networks based on ring and bus topologies
Authors: Pavel Lafata 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper is focused on passive optical networks (PONs), especially on increasing their network resilience. Because the most critical components in PONs are usually the optical line termination unit (OLT) and optical fibres connecting all network nodes, the main motivation presented within this paper is to improve the resistance of PON against critical failures of OLT and optical fibres between them. Both presented solutions are based on using dual OLT units and the application of asymmetric splitters in order to balance the attenuation and optical signal levels throughout the entire network, while the main innovation consists in the application of ring and bus topologies. Both bus and ring topologies can be formed easily using only passive splitters with optimum splitting ratios; therefore, no active components are necessary. The next advantage is the opportunity of placing both OLT units in physically diverse location, thus increasing the overall network resilience. Moreover, the presented idea with a bus topology offers an additional resistance against the failures of optical fibres connecting the splitters as well. Because the application of asymmetric passive splitters in both solutions is necessary in order to optimize the optical signal levels in the entire network, the mathematical models for calculating of their optimum splitting ratios are included. To verify the functionality of both topologies and their protection mechanisms, complex simulations were performed and are presented in this article as well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IQ imbalance estimation and compensation schemes based on time‐frequency interferometry for OFDM
Authors: Oka Hikaru , Ahn Chang‐Jun , Omori Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ken‐ya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA direct‐conversion receiver (DCR) can reduce the power consumption and cost. However, a DCR with orthogonal frequency‐division multiplex (OFDM) suffers from IQ imbalance. Until this time, many algorithms have been proposed to compensate IQ imbalance in OFDM systems. However, the calculation complexity is still a considerable work to achieve the implementation of a DCR. Moreover, an accurate channel identification is also necessary for a DCR. Recently, time‐frequency interferometry‐OFDM (TFI‐OFDM) system has been proposed to achieve an accurate channel identification property with small number of pilot symbols, and it has a periodicity of pilot amplitude. In this paper, we focus on the feature of TFI and propose a novel IQ imbalance estimation and compensation schemes using TFI‐OFDM system. In the proposed system, by using the feature of the TFI pilot symbols, we can identify an IQ imbalance without high calculation complexity. Furthermore, by using subcarrier selection, the influence of the noise power can be reduced. From the simulation results, the proposed scheme can achieve the low complexity for IQ imbalance estimation and compensation without a degradation of the bit error rate performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proposal to improve clarity and communication in the EU Classification process for chemicals for carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity
Authors: Doe J. E. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThere is an issue in the EU classification of substances for carcinogenicity and for reproductive or developmental toxicity which has brought difficulties to those involved in the process. The issue lies in the inability of the classification system to distinguish between carcinogens and reproductive toxicants with different levels of concern. This has its origins in the early years of toxicology when it was thought that a relatively small number of chemicals would be either carcinogens or reproductive toxicants, but this has turned out not to be the case. This can cause problems in communicating to the users of chemicals, including the public, the nature of the hazard presented by chemicals. Processes have been developed within the classification system for setting specific concentration limits which assess the degree of hazard for carcinogens and reproductive toxicants as high, medium or low. However these categories are not otherwise used in classification. It is proposed that their wider use would bring the advantages of transparency, clarity of communication, certainty of the process and would allow chemicals with a high degree of hazard to be identified and managed in an appropriate way. Copyright © 2014. The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing 9‐Membered Ring Epoxy Vinyl Ethers via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions of Acyclic 5‐Aza‐2,3‐epoxy‐7‐yn‐1‐ols
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Hui , Chen Yi‐Ju , Liao Kuan‐Yu , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of substituted nitrogen‐containing 9‐membered epoxy vinyl ethers has been constructed from easily available 5‐aza‐2,3‐epoxy‐7‐yn‐1‐ols. Attack of the hydroxyl group onto the gold(I)‐activated alkyne gave the postulated 9‐membered allylic vinyl ether gold intermediate which underwent protodeauration affording the 9‐membered epoxy vinyl ethers.
Photolysis of Some N‐Arylbenzamidoximes in Acetonitrile
Authors: Gaber Abd El‐Aal M. , Ahmed Saleh A. , Khairou Khalid S. , Taib Layla A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe photolysis of five N‐arylbenzamidoxime derivatives I‐V in dry acetonitrile gives rise to anilides 8 and benzimidazoles 1 as the major products in addition to benzonitrile 4, arylamines 5, benzoic acid 6, and 2‐phenyl benzoxazoles 7. In the presence of naphthalene, I gave α‐ and β‐naphthols 2 and 3 beside the previous products. The isolated products have been interpreted in the terms of a free radical mechanism involving the homolysis of N‐O and/or C‐N bonds. This photodegradation process can be considered as an alternative method for the synthesis of anilide, benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives in addition to other organic compounds.
Longitudinal in vivo MR imaging of live earthworms
Authors: Budán Ferenc , Kovács Noémi , Engelmann Péter , Horváth Ildikó , Veres Dániel S. , Németh Péter , Szigeti Krisztián , Máthé Domokos 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTEarthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) species are used widely in eco‐toxicological tests especially with contaminated soils. These long‐term tests are reliable, but a high sample size is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can produce fast, robust, sensitive, and longitudinal morphological results using a small sample size. Performing longitudinal in vivo examinations of earthworms using MRI requires the need for anesthetics to completely avoid earthworm's moving. Our goal was to develop a simple and non‐invasive method to anesthetize earthworms for in vivo longitudinal imaging studies. We investigated a number of different anesthesia methods and found that propan‐2‐ol and its vapor was optimal. We used a commercial sequential nanoScan® PET/MRI system (Mediso Ltd, Hungary, Budapest) to explore feasibility of MR imaging in immobilized earthworms. It was possible to visualize via micro MRI the brain, gastrointestinal tract, seminal vesicles, calciferous gland (Morren gland), and main blood vessels of the circulatory system. Our findings show the possibilities to examine changes in morphology using MRI of certain organs using a reversible, long‐term immobilization method. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 479–489, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antioxidant activities of rice bran protein hydrolysates in bulk oil and oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Cheetangdee Nopparat , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, utilization of natural antioxidants in food processing has been of growing interest, owing to the concerns of health hazards of synthetic agents. Protein hydrolysates are a potent candidate for this purpose. In this work, rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBPH) with various degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were prepared, and their antioxidant activities in soybean oil and oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion were examined.RESULTSWith increasing DH, RBPH showed increasing antioxidant activities, as evidenced by the increases in DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and ferrous chelating activity (P < 0.05). The improved activity was associated with increasing surface hydrophobicity (SoANS). After hydrolysis for 60 min, the content of hydrophobic amino acids was increased. When RBPH with various DH were incorporated into bulk soybean oil and O/W emulsion stored at 37 °C for up to 15 days, lipid oxidation was successfully retarded, especially when DH increased. The efficiency in prevention of oxidation was dose dependent (0–10 g L−1), as indicated by the lower peroxide value and thiobarbituric reactive substances.CONCLUSIONThe present work suggests that RBPH might be potently employed as a natural antioxidant in both bulk oil and emulsion models. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Deliberate Self‐Harm and Suicidal Ideation Among Male Iraq/Afghanistan‐Era Veterans Seeking Treatment for PTSD
Authors: Kimbrel Nathan A. , Johnson Margaret E. , Clancy Carolina , Hertzberg Michael , Collie Claire , Van Voorhees Elizabeth E. , Dennis Michelle F. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Beckham Jean C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe objectives of the present research were to examine the prevalence of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) among 214 U.S. male Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to evaluate the relationship between DSH and suicidal ideation within this population. Approximately 56.5% (n = 121) reported engaging in DSH during their lifetime; 45.3% (n = 97) reported engaging in DSH during the previous 2 weeks. As hypothesized, DSH was a significant correlate of suicidal ideation among male Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans, OR = 3.88, p < .001, along with PTSD symptom severity, OR = 1.03, p < .001, and combat exposure, OR = 0.96, p = .040. A follow‐up analysis identified burning oneself, OR = 17.14, p = .017, and hitting oneself, OR = 7.93, p < .001, as the specific DSH behaviors most strongly associated with suicidal ideation. Taken together, these findings suggest that DSH is quite prevalent among male Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans seeking treatment for PTSD and is associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation within this population. Routine assessment of DSH is recommended when working with male Iraq/Afghanistan veterans seeking treatment for PTSD.
Temperature Dependence Kinetic Studies of the Reaction of O(3P) with CHI3 and C2H5I and the 298 K Reaction of OH(X2Π) with CHI3
Authors: ZHANG SHAOLIANG , STREKOWSKI RAFAL , MONOD ANNE , BOSLAND LOÏC , ZETZSCH CORNELIUS 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA flash photolysis–resonance fluorescence technique was used to investigate the kinetics of the OH(X2Π) radical and O(3P) atom‐initiated reactions with CHI3 and the kinetics of the O(3P) atom‐initiated reaction with C2H5I. The reactions of the O(3P) atom with CHI3 and C2H5I were studied over the temperature range of 296 to 373 K in 14 Torr of helium, and the reaction of the OH (X2Π) radical with CHI3 was studied at T = 298 K in 186 Torr of helium. The experiments involved time‐resolved resonance fluorescence detection of OH (A2Σ+ → X2Π transition at λ = 308 nm) and of O(3P) (λ = 130.2, 130.5, and 130.6 nm) following flash photolysis of the H2O/He, H2O/CHI3/He, O3/He, and O3/C2H5I/He mixtures. A xenon vacuum UV (VUV) flash lamp (λ > 120 nm) served as a photolysis light source. The OH radicals were produced by the VUV flash photolysis of water, and the O(3P) atoms were produced by the VUV flash photolysis of ozone. Decays of OH radicals and O(3P) atoms in the presence of CHI3 and C2H5I were observed to be exponential, and the decay rates were found to be linearly dependent on the CHI3 and C2H5I concentrations. Measured rate coefficients for the reaction of O(3P) atoms with CHI3 and C2H5I are described by the following Arrhenius expressions (units are cm3 s−1): kO+C2H5I(T) = (17.2 ± 7.4) × 10−12 exp[−(190 ± 140)K/T] and kO+CHI3(T) = (1.80 ± 2.70) × 10−12 exp[−(440 ± 500)K/T]; the 298 K rate coefficient for the reaction of the OH radical with CHI3 is kOH+CHI3(298 K) = (1.65 ± 0.06) × 10−11 cm3 s−1. The listed uncertainty values of the Arrhenius parameters are 2σ‐standard errors of the calculated slopes by linear regression.
Reactivity Trends and Kinetic Inspection of Hydroxide Ion Attack and DNA Interaction on Some Pharmacologically Active Agents of Fe(II) Amino Acid Schiff Base Complexes at Different Temperatures
Authors: ABDEL‐RAHMAN LAILA H. , EL‐KHATIB RAFAT M. , NASSR LOBNA A. E. , ABU‐DIEF AHMED M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe reactivity of few novel high‐spin Fe(II) complexes of Schiff base ligands derived from 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde and some variety of amino acids with the OH− ion has been examined in an aqueous mixture at the temperature range from 10 to 40°C. Based on the kinetic investigations, the rate law and a plausible mechanism were proposed and discussed. The general rate equation was suggested as follows: rate = kobs[complex], where kobs. = k1 + k2[OH−]. Base‐catalyzed hydrolysis kinetic measurements imply pseudo–first‐order doubly stage rates due the presence of mer‐ and fac‐isomers. The observed rate constants kobs are correlated with the effect of substituent R in the structure of the ligands. From the effect of temperature on the rate base hydrolysis reaction, various thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The evaluated rate constants and activation parameters are in a good agreement with the stability constants of the investigated complexes. Moreover, the reactivity of the investigated complexes toward DNA was examined and found to be in a good agreement with the reported binding constants.
Compound Structure‐Independent Activity Prediction in High‐Dimensional Target Space
Authors: Balfer Jenny , Hu Ye , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProfiling of compound libraries against arrays of targets has become an important approach in pharmaceutical research. The prediction of multi‐target compound activities also represents an attractive task for machine learning with potential for drug discovery applications. Herein, we have explored activity prediction in high‐dimensional target space. Different types of models were derived to predict multi‐target activities. The models included naïve Bayesian (NB) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers based upon compound structure information and NB models derived on the basis of activity profiles, without considering compound structure. Because the latter approach can be applied to incomplete training data and principally depends on the feature independence assumption, SVM modeling was not applicable in this case. Furthermore, iterative hybrid NB models making use of both activity profiles and compound structure information were built. In high‐dimensional target space, NB models utilizing activity profile data were found to yield more accurate activity predictions than structure‐based NB and SVM models or hybrid models. An in‐depth analysis of activity profile‐based models revealed the presence of correlation effects across different targets and rationalized prediction accuracy. Taken together, the results indicate that activity profile information can be effectively used to predict the activity of test compounds against novel targets.
Trigeminal‐hypoglossal silent period: A pontomedullary brainstem reflex
Authors: Urban Peter P. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Animal studies have shown inhibitory connections between the sensory trigeminal nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus. I investigated whether these inhibitory projections are present in humans. Methods: I examined 18 healthy subjects, 2 patients with brainstem stroke, and 5 patients with multiple sclerosis using a specially designed oral stimulation and recording device. Results: In 16 of 18 subjects, a bilateral suppression period of tongue muscle activity after unilateral electrical stimulation of the mucosal V2 afferents was observed. The silent period started at 31.1 (SD 4.7) ms (ipsilateral) and 32.0 (SD 4.9) ms (contralateral). The mean duration of the silent period was 31.4 (SD 10.2) ms (ispilateral) and 32.5 (SD 9.8) ms (contralateral). Patients with dorsolateral pontomedullary lesions had ipsilateral absence of the silent period. Conclusions: This study confirms the existence of a bilateral trigeminal‐hypoglossal silent period in humans. Muscle Nerve 51: 538–540, 2015
Frequent coexistence of RAS mutations in RUNX1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia in Arab Asian children
Authors: Al‐Kzayer Lika'a Fasih Y. , Sakashita Kazuo , Al‐Jadiry Mazin Faisal , Al‐Hadad Salma Abbas , Uyen Le T.N. , Liu Tingting , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Abdulkadhim Jaafar M.H. , Al‐Shujairi Tariq Abadi , Matti Zead Ismael I.K. , Hasan Janan Ghalib , Al‐Abdullah Hussam M. Salih , Inoshita Toshi , Kamata Minoru , Sughayer Maher A. , Madanat Faris F. , Koike Kenichi 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundRUNX1 mutation plays an important role in adult leukemic transformation. However, its contribution to the development of childhood leukemia remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed point mutations of RUNX1 gene in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from Iraq and Jordan.ProcedureBone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples were collected from 178 patients of Arab Asian ethnicity (aged ≤17 years) newly diagnosed with AML: 145 samples from Iraq and 33 samples from Jordan. Direct DNA sequencing was performed on six genes including RUNX1 gene (exons 3–8).ResultsRUNX1 point mutations were identified in 10 (5.6%) of 178 patients. One patient possessed biallelic mutations of RUNX1 gene. C‐terminal area was the predominant site of RUNX1 mutations (eight in C‐terminal and two in N‐terminal). Patients with RUNX1 mutations were significantly older than those with wild‐type of the gene. Additionally, AML M0 subtype was more frequently found in patients with RUNX1 mutations. Both RUNX1 mutations and RAS mutations were identified in 4 of 10 children. Three patients with RUNX1 mutation had FLT3‐ITD. On the other hand, 36 (21.4%) and 25 (14.9%) of 168 patients with wild‐type of the gene had a RAS mutation and FLT3‐ITD, respectively. Eight of 10 patients with RUNX1 mutations died of hematological relapse.ConclusionThe incidence of RUNX1 mutations in Arab Asian children and adolescents with AML was 5.6%. Further studies are required to clarify whether RAS mutations contribute to the development of pediatric AML associated with RUNX1 mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1980–1985. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Main outcomes of the Move More for Life Trial: a randomised controlled trial examining the effects of tailored‐print and targeted‐print materials for promoting physical activity among post‐treatment breast cancer survivors
Authors: Short Camille E. , James Erica L. , Girgis Afaf , D'Souza Mario I , Plotnikoff Ronald C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in physical activity can improve the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors. To impact public health, broad‐reaching sustainable interventions that promote physical activity are needed.PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of two distance‐based interventions for promoting physical activity among breast cancer survivors compared with a standard recommendation control.MethodsBreast cancer survivors who had finished ‘active’ cancer treatment were eligible to participate. Participants (n = 330) were randomly assigned to receive one of the following mail‐delivered interventions: three computer‐tailored newsletters, a previously developed breast cancer‐specific physical activity booklet or a pamphlet detailing the public health recommendations for physical activity (control). Primary outcomes were self‐reported moderate to vigorous aerobic activity and participant's self‐reported resistance training activity at 4 months post‐baseline. Secondary outcomes were pedometer step counts, whether or not participants were meeting the physical activity guidelines, time spent in sedentary behaviour, fatigue and health‐related quality of life.ResultsParticipants randomised into the tailored‐print intervention group were three times more likely to commence resistance training and meet the resistance‐training guidelines immediately after the intervention than participants allocated to the control group. There were no other significant intervention effects.ConclusionComputer‐tailored newsletters may be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance‐based physical activity among breast cancer survivors. The null findings relating to other outcomes may be due to ceiling effects (in the case of aerobic activity, fatigue and health‐related quality of life) or the sensitivity of the measure used (in the case of sitting time). These issues require further exploration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Bis(nitrofurazano)furazan (BNFF), an Insensitive Material with High Energy‐Density
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhou Cheng , Wang Bozhou , Zhou Yanshui , Xu Kangzhen , Jia Siyuan , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe insensitive compound bis(nitrofurazano)furazan (BNFF) with high energy‐density was synthesized by three‐step reactions and fully characterized. The key reduction reaction was discussed. BNFF has a high crystal density (1.839 g cm−3) and a low melting point (82.6 °C). BNFF is insensitive to impact and friction and has similar detonation velocity (8680 m s−1) and detonation pressure (36.1 GPa) compared to RDX.
Lessons learned from case studies of hazardous waste/chemical reactivity incidents
Authors: Cox Brenton L. , Carpenter Andrew R. , Ogle Russell A. 
Published: July 2014

The treatment of hazardous waste poses some unique chemical reactivity hazard management challenges. Hazardous waste in the United States is regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, typically due to potential environmental and health hazards. However, hazardous waste can also have chemical reactivity hazards associated with storage, handling, or mixing with other materials. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been active in communicating chemical reactivity hazards to the regulated community and has identified numerous sources for additional information. The Center for Chemical Process Safety has also been very active in providing advisory materials and monographs on the safe management of chemical reactivity hazards. Other federal government agencies, such as the Chemical Safety Board and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, have also taken up the call for increased awareness of the hazards of unintentional chemical reactions.Despite these efforts, history of incidents indicates that reactive chemical hazards associated with hazardous waste still go overlooked. In this article, we review hazardous waste incidents through case studies and public sector reports through the lens of chemical reactivity hazard management. In each incident, inadvertent heating resulted in an unintended chemical reaction, and sufficient information existed or could have been obtained to identify the hazards. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 395–398, 2014