bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Modulates the Inflammatory Granulocyte Response to Streptococci via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
Authors: Kenzel Sybille , Mergen Miriam , von Süßkind-Schwendi Julius , Wennekamp Julia , Deshmukh Sachin D. , Haeffner Monika , Triantafyllopoulou Antigoni , Fuchs Sebastian , Farmand Susan , Santos-Sierra Sandra , Seufert Jochen , van den Berg Timo K. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Henneke Philipp 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of invasive infections in newborn infants and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Both patient groups exhibit peripheral insulin resistance and alterations in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) function. In this investigation, we studied the PML response repertoire to GBS with a focus on TLR signaling and the modulation of this response by insulin in mice and humans. We found that GBS-induced, MyD88-dependent chemokine formation of PML was specifically downmodulated by insulin via insulin receptor-mediated induction of PI3K. PI3K inhibited transcription of chemokine genes on the level of NF-κB activation and binding. Insulin specifically modulated the chemokine response of PML to whole bacteria, but affected neither activation by purified TLR agonists nor antimicrobial properties, such as migration, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and formation of reactive oxygen species. The targeted modulation of bacteria-induced chemokine formation by insulin via PI3K may form a basis for the development of novel targets of adjunctive sepsis therapy.
Efficient Xenoengraftment in Severe Immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scidIL2rγnullMice Is Attributed to a Lack of CD11c+B220+CD122+ Cells
Authors: Ito Ryoji , Katano Ikumi , Ida-Tanaka Miyuki , Kamisako Tsutomu , Kawai Kenji , Suemizu Hiroshi , Aiso Sadakazu , Ito Mamoru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractXenograft animal models using immunodeficient mice have been widely applied in medical research on various human diseases. NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice are known to show an extremely high engraftment rate of xenotransplants compared with conventional immunodeficient mice. This high engraftment rate of xenotransplants in NOG mice was substantially suppressed by the transfer of spleen cells from NOD-scid mice that were devoid of NK cells. These results indicate that cell types other than splenic NK cells present in NOD-scid mice but not in NOG mice may be involved in this suppression. To identify the cell types responsible for this effect, we transferred subpopulations of spleen cells from NOD-scid mice into NOG mice and assessed the levels of human cell engraftment after human PBMC (hPBMC) transplantation. These experiments revealed that CD11c+B220+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from NOD-scid mice markedly inhibited engraftment of human cells. The CD11c+B220+CD122+ cells further fractionated from the pDCs based on the expression of CD122, which is an NK cell marker strongly inhibited during hPBMC engraftment in NOG mice. Moreover, the CD122+ cells in the pDC fraction were morphologically distinguishable from conventional CD122+ NK cells and showed a higher rejection efficiency. The current results suggest that CD11c+B220+CD122+ cells play an important role in xenograft rejection, and their absence in NOG mice may be critical in supporting the successful engraftment of xenotransplants.
Coordinate Stimulation of Macrophages by Microparticles and TLR Ligands Induces Foam Cell Formation
Authors: Keyel Peter A. , Tkacheva Olga A. , Larregina Adriana T. , Salter Russell D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Aberrant activation of macrophages in arterial walls by oxidized lipoproteins can lead to atherosclerosis. Oxidized lipoproteins convert macrophages to foam cells through lipid uptake and TLR signaling. To investigate the relative contributions of lipid uptake and TLR signaling in foam cell formation, we established an in vitro assay using liposomes of defined lipid compositions. We found that TLRs signaling through Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β promoted foam cell formation by inducing both NF-κB signaling and type I IFN production, whereas TLRs that do not induce IFN, like TLR2, did not enhance foam cell formation. Addition of IFN-α to TLR2 activator promoted robust foam cell formation. TLR signaling further required peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, as inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α blocked foam cell formation. We then investigated the ability of endogenous microparticles (MP) to contribute to foam cell formation. We found that lipid-containing MP promoted foam cell formation, which was enhanced by TLR stimulation or IFN-α. These MP also stimulated foam cell formation in a human skin model. However, these MP suppressed TNF-α production and T cell activation, showing that foam cell formation can occur by immunosuppressive MP. Taken together, the data reveal novel signaling requirements for foam cell formation and suggest that uptake of distinct types of MP in the context of activation of multiple distinct TLR can induce foam cell formation.
Targeting the Genital Tract Mucosa with a Lipopeptide/Recombinant Adenovirus Prime/Boost Vaccine Induces Potent and Long-Lasting CD8+ T Cell Immunity against Herpes: Importance of MyD88
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Dervillez Xavier , Chentoufi Aziz Alami , Badakhshan Tina , Bettahi Ilham , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Targeting of the mucosal immune system of the genital tract with subunit vaccines has failed to induce potent and durable local CD8+ T cell immunity, which is crucial for protection against many sexually transmitted viral pathogens, including HSV type 2 (HSV-2), which causes genital herpes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a novel lipopeptide/adenovirus type 5 (Lipo/rAdv5) prime/boost mucosal vaccine for induction of CD8+ T cell immunity to protect the female genital tract from herpes. The lipopeptide vaccine and the rAdv5 vaccine express the immunodominant HSV-2 CD8+ T cell epitope (gB498–505), and both were delivered intravaginally in the progesterone-induced B6 mouse model of genital herpes. Compared with mice immunized with the homologous lipopeptide/lipopeptide (Lipo/Lipo) vaccine, the Lipo/rAdv5 prime/boost immunized mice 1) developed potent and sustained HSV-specific CD8+ T cells, detected in both the genital tract draining nodes and in the vaginal mucosa; 2) had significantly lower virus titers; 3) had decreased overt signs of genital herpes disease; and 4) did not succumb to lethal infection (p &lt; 0.005) after intravaginal HSV-2 challenge. Polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and exhibiting cytotoxic activity, were associated with protection (p &lt; 0.005). The protective CD8+ T cell response was significantly compromised in the absence of the adapter MyD88 (p = 0.0001). Taken together, these findings indicate that targeting of the vaginal mucosa with a Lipo/rAdv5 prime/boost vaccine elicits a potent, MyD88-dependent, and long-lasting mucosal CD8+ T cell protective immunity against sexually transmitted herpes infection and disease.
Role of Hepatocyte-Derived IL-7 in Maintenance of Intrahepatic NKT Cells and T Cells and Development of B Cells in Fetal Liver
Authors: Liang Bingfei , Hara Takahiro , Wagatsuma Keisuke , Zhang Jia , Maki Kazushige , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kitano Satsuki , Yabe-Nishimura Chihiro , Tani-ichi Shizue , Ikuta Koichi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The liver contains a variety of resident immune cells, such as NK cells, NKT cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. However, little is known about how IL-7, which is produced by hepatocytes, functions locally in development and maintenance of liver immune cells. To address this question, we established IL-7–floxed mice and crossed them with albumin promoter-driven Cre (Alb-Cre) transgenic mice to establish conditional knockout of IL-7 in hepatocytes. The levels of IL-7 transcripts were reduced 10-fold in hepatocyte fraction. We found that the absolute numbers of NKT and T cells were significantly decreased in adult liver of IL-7f/f Alb-Cre mice compared with IL-7f/f control mice. In contrast, NK cells, dendritic cells, and B cells were unchanged in the IL-7f/f Alb-Cre liver. The number of Vα14+ invariant NKT cells was significantly reduced in liver, but not in thymus and spleen, of IL-7f/f Alb-Cre mice. Furthermore, B cell development was impaired in perinatal liver of IL-7f/f Alb-Cre mice. This study demonstrates that hepatocyte-derived IL-7 plays an indispensable role in maintenance of NKT and T cells in adult liver and development of B cells in fetal liver, and suggests that hepatocytes provide a unique IL-7 niche for intrahepatic lymphocytes.
Affinity and Cross-Reactivity Engineering of CTLA4-Ig To Modulate T Cell Costimulation
Authors: Xu Zhenghai , Juan Veronica , Ivanov Alexander , Ma Zhiyuan , Polakoff Dixie , Powers David B. , DuBridge Robert B. , Wilson Keith , Akamatsu Yoshiko 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
CTLA4-Ig is an Fc fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a receptor known to deliver a negative signal to T cells. CTLA4-Ig modulates T cell costimulatory signals by blocking the CD80 and CD86 ligands from binding to CD28, which delivers a positive T cell costimulatory signal. To engineer CTLA4-Ig variants with altered binding affinity to CD80 and CD86, we employed a high-throughput protein engineering method to map the ligand binding surface of CTLA-4. The resulting mutagenesis map identified positions critical for the recognition of each ligand on the three CDR-like loops of CTLA-4, consistent with the published site-directed mutagenesis and x-ray crystal structures of the CTLA-4/CD80 and CTLA-4/CD86 complexes. A number of single amino acid substitutions were identified that equally affected the binding affinity of CTLA4-Ig for both ligands as well as those that differentially affected binding. All of the high-affinity variants showed improved off-rates, with the best one being a 17.5-fold improved off-rate over parental CTLA4-Ig binding to CD86. Allostimulation of human CD4+ T cells showed that improvement of CD80 and CD86 binding activity augmented inhibition of naive and primed T cell activation. In general, increased affinity for CD86 resulted in more potent inhibition of T cell response than did increased affinity for CD80. Optimization of the affinity balance to CD80 and CD86 to particular disease settings may lead to development of a CTLA4-Ig molecule with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
Transient Enhanced IL-2R Signaling Early during Priming Rapidly Amplifies Development of Functional CD8+ T Effector-Memory Cells
Authors: Castro Iris , Dee Michael J. , Malek Thomas R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Much is known concerning the cellular and molecular basis for CD8+ T memory immune responses. Nevertheless, conditions that selectively support memory generation have remained elusive. In this study, we show that an immunization regimen that delivers TCR signals through a defined antigenic peptide, inflammatory signals through LPS, and growth and differentiation signals through the IL-2R initially favors Ag-specific CD8+ T cells to develop rapidly and substantially into T effector-memory cells by TCR transgenic OVA-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells. Amplified CD8+ T memory development depends upon a critical frequency of Ag-specific T cells and direct responsiveness to IL-2. A homologous prime-boost immunization protocol with transiently enhanced IL-2R signaling in normal mice led to persistent polyclonal Ag-specific CD8+ T cells that supported protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. These results identify a general approach for amplified T memory development that may be useful to optimize vaccines aimed at generating robust cell-mediated immunity.
Indirect bonding: A literature review
Authors: Aksakalli Sertaç , Demir Abdullah 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWith the increased interest in recently years, indirect bonding became more popular. This technique enhances clinician′s ability to communicate with patients and parents more and enhances chair-time savings. There are many kinds of indirect bonding and new techniques were presented to literature recently. There are so many steps and applications in indirect bonding. So all these are opened to modification and also modified too. With any new development, there will be some trepidation. There is always a natural fear of unknown. In indirect bonding, there were doubts about bond failures but studies revealed that there is no significant difference between direct and indirect technique on bond strength.
Mandibular second premolar with four roots
Authors: Akyuz Sefika Nur , Erdemir Ali 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDetection of normal and abnormal variation in tooth anatomy is essential for clinical success. It is generally well known that the mandibular second premolar teeth have a single root and canal. However, the mandibular second premolar teeth have sometimes more than one root and root canal. The endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four roots which separated at different levels along the middle third of the root is presented in this case report. Preoperative radiographs appeared radiolucency and different root anatomy in the region of the mandibular second premolar. The root canals were prepared using Mtwo rotary system (VDW, Munich, Germany) and obturated laterally condensed gutta percha and AH plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). After the completion of root canal treatment, the tooth was restored with a posterior composite filling material. On follow-up, the tooth was clinically and radiographically asymptomatic for two years. Clinicians should be aware of the importance of careful clinical and radiographic examination of mandibular premolars during the endodontic treatment. Radiographs exposed at two different horizontal angles and their careful interpretation facilitates the search of additional root canals.
Effect of Music Instruction on Preschoolers’ Music Achievement and Emergent Literacy Achievement
Authors: Runfola Maria , Etopio Elisabeth , Hamlen Karla , Rozendal Mary 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this two-year study, supported in part by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), was to examine the impact of "musically trained" early childhood specialists on the music achievement and emergent literacy achievement of preschool students. The sample, obtained through use of a letter of recruitment mailed to a regional group of National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) members, consisted of 11 teachers who met the criteria for the project and their respective students (N = 165). Following a year of intensive staff development training in musicianship skill and pedagogical strategies for guiding young children’s music development, the teachers implemented the curriculum in the second year and several measures were used to collect data relative to student music and literacy outcomes. Analyses included the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and multivariate techniques of MANCOVA and multiple regression. Results were mixed for music achievement. Median scores were similar for the experimental and control groups on use of singing voice. Students’ tonal pattern achievement in the experimental group was significantly higher but no significant differences were found in children’s rhythm-pattern achievement. When controlling for age and prior knowledge, the music intervention significantly increased children’s oral vocabulary and grammatic understanding and was especially effective for children who began with lower literacy skills.
What Color Is Your Baton, Girl? Gender and Ethnicity in Band Conducting
Authors: Sheldon Deborah A. , Hartley Linda A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Studied were trends in instrumental music education leadership among women and minorities from 1996 until 2008. Gender data of primary band conductors at the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic from 1947 were reviewed by year and ensemble level. Also investigated was the distribution of gender and ethnicity among graduate students studying wind-band conducting from 1999 until 2008 and participants in conducting workshops or symposia from 1996 until 2008. Ethnicities were categorized as American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, White, and Other. Findings revealed that men overwhelmingly outnumbered women as primary conductors throughout the history of the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic. Women were more represented at the junior high/middle school level than any other. Similar distributions were found among graduate windband conducting student populations and among conducting symposium/workshop attendees. White participants dominated graduate study and workshops populations. Results underscore the importance of revisiting reasons for the dearth of females and people of color in band-conducting leadership positions and begin discussion of actions that would ameliorate inequities.
The Experiences of Elementary Music Teachers in a Collaborative Teacher Study Group
Authors: Stanley Ann Marie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this social constructivist inquiry was to examine the experiences of three elementary music teachers in a collaborative teacher study group (CTSG). CTSG members, each from a different school district, met seven times to discuss elementary music student collaboration by analyzing video from their classrooms. Using interview and meeting transcripts, the researcher investigated how the CTSG member’ perceptions were affected by group interactions. Research questions were as follows: How do the participants describe their experience in the CTSG? How has the focus on collaboration in the CTSG changed their teaching practice? What can these music teachers tell other music educators about collaboration? Participants indicated the CTSG experience was effective professional development that sup- ported learning and remedied isolation. Participants gained confidence through the opportunity to share teaching expertise. However, the CTSG was not a satisfactory substitute for meaningful collaboration with colleagues in participants’ own districts. Three positive elements of the CTSG were the way the group collectively generated knowledge about music classroom collaboration, the way the group engaged in systematic analysis of music classroom video, and the way a protocol organized group discussion. The lack of overt disagreement in the group may have been a negative, indicating a possible avoidance of difficult topics. The CTSG collectively constructed three group-labeled "principles of collaboration": (a) Collaboration facilitates student self-expression and independence; (b) Students who are collaborating share goals. The teacher allows space for or guides students in creating productive student- student interactions; and (c) A teacher collaborating with her students facilitates their movement toward a shared goal. Teacher provides necessary background skills, creates student buy-in for the goal, and then fades away to allow students to take ownership.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal‐Mediated Chiral Plasmonic Films with Strong Chiroptical Response, Dynamic Tunability, and Reversible Thermal Reconfigurability
Authors: Jung Jung Young , Shin Min Jeong , Kim Baekman , Pyo Ui Jeong , Son Jin Gyeong , Yoon Dong Ki , Han Sang Woo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChiral assemblies of plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) are of immense interest due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and promising potential in future optoelectronic applications. Despite recent advances in the construction of chiral NC assemblies, most approaches have led to the formation of static irreversible structures with modest optical responses and limited configurational tunability. Herein, a way to prepare a thermally reconfigurable helical assembly of Au nanorods (AuNRs) with a strong chiroptical response is introduced by employing cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) as a chiral template. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and polarized optical microscopy are used to verify the strong chiroptical activity and dynamic optical tunability of chiral plasmonic film of AuNR–CLC composites and to unveil the interactions between constituents. For the system, chiral dopants are employed to induce strong helical procession along the hierarchical structure of the CLC template, resulting in a strong CD response, which can further be enhanced by increasing the amount of AuNRs. Furthermore, the thermotropic nature of the CLC template leads to the reversible on/off switching of the chiroptical responses of the system at a moderate temperature window with almost complete recovery of the original response, suggesting its feasibility as a promising material for chiral optoelectronic devices.
FUS Selectively Facilitates circRNAs Packing into Small Extracellular Vesicles within Hypoxia Neuron
Authors: Zang Jiankun , Wu Yousheng , Su Xuanlin , Cai Kaiwei , Ke Man , He Niu , Zhu Huili , Tan Zefeng , Zhu Jielin , He Wensheng , Peng Min , Zhang Shiqing , Mai Hongcheng , Xu Anding , Lu Dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contain abundant circular RNAs (circRNAs) and are involved in cellular processes, particularly hypoxia. However, the process that packaging of circRNAs into neuronal sEVs under hypoxia is unclear. This study revealed the spatial mechanism of the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS) that facilitates the loading of functional circRNAs into sEVs in hypoxia neurons. It is found that FUS translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is more enriched in hypoxic neuronal sEVs than in normal sEVs. Cytoplasmic FUS formed aggregates with the sEVs marker protein CD63 in cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) under hypoxic stress. Meanwhile, cytoplasmic FUS recruited of functional cytoplasmic circRNAs to SGs. Upon relief of hypoxic stress and degradation of SGs, cytoplasmic FUS is transported with those circRNAs from SGs to sEVs. Validation of FUS knockout dramatically reduced the recruitment of circRNAs from SGs and led to low circRNA loading in sEVs, which is also confirmed by the accumulation of circRNAs in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it is showed that the FUS Zf_RanBP domain regulates the transport of circRNAs to sEVs by interacting with hypoxic circRNAs in SGs. Overall, these findings have revealed a FUS‐mediated transport mechanism of hypoxia‐related cytoplasmic circRNAs loaded into sEVs under hypoxic conditions.