bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and importance of soil-protecting forests in the areas administered by the RDSF Toruń
Authors: Wiśniewski Paweł , Kistowski Mariusz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the state and importance of soil-protecting forests in the areas managed by the RDSF in Toruń, as well as changes in their structure over 29 years. The management of the RDSF in Toruń is characterized by a systematic increase in the area, thickness and rich abundance of soil-protecting forests, particularly intense since the mid-nineteen-nineties. They cover mainly rusty soils and podzols on outwash areas, sandy terraces in sloped areas of postglacial valleys and gullies as well. Soil-protecting forests, which are managed by the RDSF in Toruń, vary a great deal considering their habitat, both in terms of dampness and trophic richness as well as spatially. The dominance of coniferous forests is due to the fact that they grow in the poorest habitats, which have not been previously used for agricultural purposes, and to the common practice in recent years of pine reforestation in open stromal areas. The assessment of the state of habitats indicates that 66.2% of the soil-protecting forest area is characterized as natural and close-to-natural. Distorted or transformed habitats occupy 26.2% of the soil-protecting forest area, while the degraded habitats 7.6%. Taking the study area into consideration we can observe the relationship between the incompatibility of habitat in its natural form and the post-arable feature. Changes in habitat characteristics are shown by 75.5% of the area of the soil-protecting forest located on former farmland, mainly in the areas with rusty podzolic soils (Albic Brunic Arenosols). Incompatibility of the habitats is, among others, the result of the creation in recent years, during the afforestation of agricultural lands, of solid pine stands, also in fertile habitats. Secondary planted pine monocultures in the forest areas resulted in podzolization of rusty soils and transformed them into rusty podzolic soils.
Transnational entrepreneurship in the Global South: evidence from Southern Africa
Authors: Rogerson Jayne M. , Mushawemhuka William J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Transnational entrepreneurship is an evolving field of research which occupies an interface between social and regional sciences. The phenomenon of transnational entrepreneurship is driven by entrepreneurs that migrate from one country to another whilst maintaining business-related linkages with their former country of origin and the adopted country. The most critical distinguishing feature of transnational entrepreneurs is bifocality or the ability to function across two different business environments. Most writings on transnational entrepreneurship concentrate on business individuals from the global South operating enterprises in the global North. Absent are empirical studies of the nature and behaviour of transnational migrant entrepreneurs who operate across or between emerging or developing economies. This South-South gap in international research concerning transnational entrepreneurship is addressed in the paper which provides an exploratory analysis of the nature of transnational entrepreneurship occurring in Southern Africa using evidence of Zimbabwean transnational entrepreneurs based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Impact of ICT Innovative Momentum on Real-Time Accounting
Authors: Belfo Fernando , Trigo António , Estébanez Raquel Pérez 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Enterprises are entering into the era of the real-time economy, also called the “now economy”, which can be characterized by a substantive acceleration of business measurement, assessment and decision processes. The real-time reporting, as a phenomenon of the now economy, presents a new challenge to the Accounting Information Systems. The current long wave of prosperity is characterized by an innovative momentum of ICT, with several disruptive innovations, far from being completely utilized.

Objectives: Possible future potentialities and consequences of this innovative momentum of ICT on the real-time reporting are analysed within a network scenario approach.

Methods/Approach: The used approach is the Futures Wheel, a structured brainstorming method that structures ideas about future events, issues, trends, and strategy, organised under several layers of rings of consequences.

Results: The innovative momentum has certain visible direct consequences such as smart mobile devices, higher business intelligence, improved enterprise architecture and enterprise application integration, cloud services offer or increased business process maturity in organizations, and a significant number of indirect consequences on the real-time accounting.

Conclusions: The actual innovative momentum of ICT has a vast set of indirect opportunities for the real-time reporting which, after a proper plan, can address its implementation.
XBRL Standard for Financial Reporting in Croatia: Current State and Perspectives
Authors: Gostimir Dejan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Harmonization and standardization is becoming important among regulators and business community. XBRL has entered the global stage as a financial reporting standard. Its mission was to standardize the financial reporting, lower the reporting costs and make the reporting as transparent as possible.

Objectives: The goal of the paper is to review the current usage of XBRL as a standard worldwide and to give an overview of its current state and perspectives in Croatia.

Methods/Approach: The secondary research method for examining XBRL as a standard has been applied in this work.

Results: The European Union embraced XBRL as the only standard that will be used for mandatory financial reporting and as such it is implemented in EU legislation. Croatia is a new member state and XBRL usage, which is still limited in Croatia, presents one of the country’s challenges.

Conclusions: XBRL is the new standard for financial reporting that has had its place and usage in practice for several years now. It is adopted as a mandatory reporting standard in in most countries of the world, but not without barriers.
Differences between Croatia and EU Candidate Countries: the CAGE Distance Framework
Authors: Miloloža Helena 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, international cooperation is unevenly divided among countries. The decisive criteria imply cultural, administrative, geographical, and economical closeness among countries. Therefore, understanding such factors can significantly facilitate the performance of the company on foreign market.

Objectives: The goal of this paper is to identify the fundamental differences between Croatia and the EU candidate countries through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the determinants within the CAGE Distance Framework. This systematic analysis can significantly intensify Croatia’s international exchange and improve Croatia’s performance at important foreign markets.

Methods/Approach: Research comprises original datasets on distance factors within CAGE distance framework. With cultural, administrative, geographic and economic data of Croatia and EU candidate countries, empirical support about the impact of distinctions on international exchange has been given.

Results: Cultural and geographical similarities are particularly noticeable among Croatia and EU candidate countries, although there are also no significant differences in the administrative and the economic dimension. However, Turkey is the only country that somewhat differs in each segment.

Conclusions: Similarities have significant influence on cross-border trade. With all present similarities and differences, cooperation among Croatia and the EU candidate countries has a perspective for development, especially at a time when all candidate countries join the EU.
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting: Differences among Selected EU Countries
Authors: Vukic Nikolina Markota 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Greater transparency has become a relevant topic for companies around the world. Information and communication technologies revolution (ICT revolution) has forced companies to become more transparent. With the intention of increasing companies’ transparency, the European Union (hereinafter: the EU) has presented a new Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU which makes Corporate Social Reporting (hereinafter: CSR reporting) mandatory for certain companies.

Objectives: EU Directives should be the same for all Member States; however, some authors have concluded that CSR reporting is different in companies of different sizes, industries or from different countries. The main objective of this paper is to research into differences of CSR reporting among selected EU countries.

Methods/Approach: The Global Reporting Initiative (hereinafter: GRI) has shaped a reporting framework for CSR reporting. In this research the GRI will be used for comparison of CSR reports of different countries.

Results: Results of this research revealed that the difference in CSR reporting is statistically significant among selected EU countries.

Conclusions: As CSR reporting in the EU will become mandatory for certain companies, it will be a challenge for Member States to harmonize their national legislation to a degree which will increase companies’ transparency and at the same time protect local resources and interests of stakeholders.
Preliminary investigation of mineralogy and chemistry of peats from the Kietrz site, southern Poland
Authors: Skreczko Sylwia , Nadłonek Weronika , Szopa Krzysztof 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Peat bog deposits provide a very important record of past environmental conditions, preserving biotic and abiotic processes that occurred in the vicinity of the bog. In this study, we examined three peat bog profiles from Kietrz, located in the micro-region of the Głubczycki Plateau, southern Poland.
The objective of this study was to determine the type of peat occurring in this area, through examination of its mineral composition, and evaluation of the total carbon and total sulphur content. In addition, we measured peat reaction (pH) and identified floral and faunal components occurring within the peat deposits.
The peat comprises primarily of fragments of fossilized plant and mollusk remains, as well as minerals (calcium sulphates, calcium carbonates, and pyrites). Additionally, an assemblage of iron oxides/hydroxides, Kfeldspar, apatite, zircon, and quartz grains was identified. A neutral and/or light alkalinity was recorded for the peat deposits, but an increase in acidity (pH) with increasing depth through each peat profile was also recorded. We observed a positive correlation between the pH and chemical composition of deposits, where a significant presence of calcite is associated with higher reaction (higher pH), whilst a lower pH is characteristic for sediments where carbonates are rare. The recognized species of mollusks are typical of shallow, fresh-water stagnant reservoirs with a high fluctuation of water level.
Analysis of post-blasting source mechanisms of mining-induced seismic events in Rudna copper mine, Poland
Authors: Caputa Alicja , Talaga Adam , Rudziński Łukasz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The exploitation of georesources by underground mining can be responsible for seismic activity in areas considered aseismic. Since strong seismic events are connected with rockburst hazard, it is a continuous requirement to reduce seismic risk. One of the most effective methods to do so is blasting in potentially hazardous mining panels. In this way, small to moderate tremors are provoked and stress accumulation is substantially reduced. In this paper we present an analysis of post-blasting events using Full Moment Tensor (MT) inversion at the Rudna mine, Poland, underground seismic network. In addition, we describe the problems we faced when analyzing seismic signals. Our studies show that focal mechanisms for events that occurred after blasts exhibit common features in the MT solution. The strong isotropic and small Double Couple (DC) component of the MT, indicate that these events were provoked by detonations. On the other hand, post-blasting MT is considerably different than the MT obtained for strong mining events. We believe that seismological analysis of provoked and unprovoked events can be a very useful tool in confirming the effectiveness of blasting in seismic hazard reduction in mining areas.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Photocatalytic Performance of BiVO4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Shen Yi , Wang Xiaomin , Zuo Guifu , Li Fengfeng , Meng Yanzhi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMonoclinic BiVO4 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method under appropriate temperature. The photocatalytic performance of BiVO4 was improved by calcining at appropriate temperature. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized BiVO4 photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. It is confirmed that the photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by the photodegradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation. BiVO4 calcined under appropriate temperature exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than uncalcined BiVO4 under visible light irradiation because calcination might effectively increases the purity of monoclinic bismuth vanadate.
Changes in runoff in two neighbouring catchments in the Bohemian Forest related to climate and land cover changes
Authors: Bernsteinová Jana , Bässler Claus , Zimmermann Lothar , Langhammer Jakub , Beudert Burkhard 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
There is public concern that large-scale disturbances to forest cover caused by insects and storm winds in the Bohemian Forest could intensify high water flows and enhance the expected flooding risks predicted in current regional climate change scenarios. We analysed stream discharge in Upper Vydra and Große Ohe, neighbouring catchments in the Bohemian Forest, the largest contiguous forested area in Central Europe. Upper Vydra, in the Šumava National Park, and Große Ohe (including the Upper Große Ohe headwater catchment in the Bavarian Forest National Park) are similar in size, but differ in land use cover and the extent of disturbed Norway spruce stands. Publicly available runoff and meteorological data (1978–2011) were examined using non-parametric trend and breakpoint analysis. Together with mapped vegetation cover changes, the results were used to address the following questions: 1) are there significant changes in the hydrological cycle and, if so, do these changes relate to 2) the extent and expansion of disturbance in forests stands and/or 3) altered precipitation dynamics and thermal conditions?
We found no marked overall change in annual runoff or in annual or seasonal precipitation, but a significant increase in high flows in March. This overall trend related to the marked warming in late winter and early spring (+~4 K in April, p < 0.01), irrespective of altitude and slope position. It significantly shifted the end of the snow cover period by more than three weeks to the beginning/middle of April depending on altitude, and intensified snow melt.
In the Upper Große Ohe catchment, a significant decrease in catchment balance, the difference between the long term precipitation and runoff (–72 mm, 11%) was found when the loss of tree cover reached 30% of catchment area. Diminished evapotranspiration losses from severely disturbed stands increased groundwater recharge during summer and caused a significant rise in low flows in autumn.
However, observed increases in late winter high flows were due to warming only. They could be further intensified by the increasing winter precipitation predicted under present climate change scenarios, and would therefore increase the risk of flooding at lower elevations.
MHD stagnation point flow of Jeffrey fluid by a radially stretching surface with viscous dissipation and Joule heating
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Waqas Muhammad , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The steady stagnation-point flow of an electrically conducting fluid due to convectively heated stretched disk in the radial direction is considered. Effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are present. Mathematical modelling is based upon constitutive relations of Jeffrey fluid. The governing partial differential equations are first transformed into the coupled system of ordinary differential equations and then solved for the convergent series solutions. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are also computed and analysed.
Barriers in communication and available resources to facilitate conversation about infertility with girls diagnosed with Turner syndrome
Authors: King Jessica E. , Plamondon Jenna , Counts Debra , Laney Dawn , Dixon Shannan DeLany 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDelayed discussion about infertility with individuals affected by Turner syndrome (TS) has been found to result in psychological and social harm. The aim of this study was to identify barriers experienced when discussing infertility and determine resource types that may facilitate this conversation.An electronic survey, given to caregivers of girls with TS diagnosed at <5 years.Fifty percent of parents surveyed had spoken to their daughter about their possible infertility. Parents who had not yet discussed infertility with their daughter had younger daughters and reported more barriers in having the conversation. Although most individuals did not use resources to facilitate the conversation, they did express interest in additional resources.
Examples of numerical simulations of two-dimensional unsaturated flow with VS2DI code using different interblock conductivity averaging schemes
Authors: Szymkiewicz Adam , Tisler Witold , Burzyński Kazimierz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Flow in unsaturated porous media is commonly described by the Richards equation. This equation is strongly nonlinear due to interrelationships between water pressure head (negative in unsaturated conditions), water content and hydraulic conductivity. The accuracy of numerical solution of the Richards equation often depends on the method used to estimate average hydraulic conductivity between neighbouring nodes or cells of the numerical grid. The present paper discusses application of the computer simulation code VS2DI to three test problems concerning infiltration into an initially dry medium, using various methods for inter-cell conductivity calculation (arithmetic mean, geometric mean and upstream weighting). It is shown that the influence of the averaging method can be very large for coarse grid, but that it diminishes as cell size decreases. Overall, the arithmetic average produced the most reliable results for coarse grids. Moreover, the difference between results obtained with various methods is a convenient indicator of the adequacy of grid refinement.
Cross-Kerr nonlinearity: a stability analysis
Authors: Sarala Roope , Massel Francesco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyse the combined effect of the radiation-pressure and cross-Kerr nonlinearity on the stationary solution of the dynamics of a nanomechanical resonator interacting with an electromagnetic cavity. Within this setup,we show how the optical bistability picture induced by the radiation-pressure force is modi fied by the presence of the cross-Kerr interaction term. More specifically, we show how the optically bistable region, characterising the pure radiation-pressure case, is reduced by the presence of a cross-Kerr coupling term. At the same time, the upper unstable branch is extended by the presence of a moderate cross-Kerr term, while it is reduced for larger values of the cross-Kerr coupling.
Irrigation dose according to substrate characteristics, in hydroponic systems
Authors: Mavrogianopoulos Giorgos N. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The correct supply of water and nutrients is very
important in hydroponic growing systems in order to use
water and fertilizers efficiently and avoid stress situations.
Usually, in low-cost hydroponic greenhouses using open
hydroponic systems, the supply of water and nutrients is
performed with a constant irrigation frequency, changing
the dose to ensure that each irrigation cycle (each day)
delivers the amount of nutrient solution needed for the
plants, plus an additional 20 to 30% leaching fraction.
This type of irrigation control may result in suboptimal
conditions in many periods of time, although the total
amount of irrigation solution supplied to the crop may
be much larger than required. For an efficient irrigation
the present theoretical study proposes that in open hydroponic
systems there is a significant possibility to preserve
water and nutrients, by shifting the irrigation control from
a changeable irrigation dose according to evapotranspiration
to an irrigation dose calculated according to the
amount of used substrate in the bag, the characteristics
of the substrate and the salt concentration of used water.
The frequency of irrigation is recommended to be performed
according to evapotranspiration. The proposed
irrigation control is more rational than the currently used
control method as it takes into account the characteristics
on water holding capacity of the used substrates, resulting
to a conservation of fertilizers and water.
First Records Of Psilochilus Modestus And Elleanthus Hirtzii (Orchidaceae) From Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo Orchidaceae species, Psilochilus modestus Barb. Rodr. and Elleanthus hirtzii Dodson, are reported for the first time from Colombia. Previously the latter orchid was reported only from Ecuador. Psilochilus modestus was known from Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela. The morphological descriptions of the specimens from Colombia are complemented with brief notes on their diagnostic characters.
Five New Species Of Caucaea (Orchidaceae) From Colombia And Ecuador
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFive new species of Caucaea Schltr. (C. caucana Szlach. & Kolan., C. pichinchae Szlach. & Kolan., C. dodsoniana Szlach. & Kolan., C. pseudoandigena Szlach. & Kolan., C. duquei Szlach. & Kolan.) are described and illustrated. The taxonomic affinities of the new entities are discussed, and information about their habitat and ecology is provided. A key for identification of Caucaea species known from Colombia and Ecuador is provided.
Four New Species Of Heteranthocidium (Orchidaceae) From Colombia And Suriname
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Olędrzyńska Natalia , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFour new species of Heteranthocidium Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz are described and illustrated. Each morphological description is complemented with data on the species’ ecology and distribution. The taxonomic affinities of the novelties are briefly discussed.