bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood protein assessment of leading incident diseases and mortality in the UK Biobank
Authors: Gadd Danni A. , Hillary Robert F. , Kuncheva Zhana , Mangelis Tasos , Cheng Yipeng , Dissanayake Manju , Admanit Romi , Gagnon Jake , Lin Tinchi , Ferber Kyle L. , Runz Heiko ,   Biogen Biobank Team, Ferber Kyle L. , Foley Christopher N. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Sun Benjamin B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe circulating proteome offers insights into the biological pathways that underlie disease. Here, we test relationships between 1,468 Olink protein levels and the incidence of 23 age-related diseases and mortality in the UK Biobank (n = 47,600). We report 3,209 associations between 963 protein levels and 21 incident outcomes. Next, protein-based scores (ProteinScores) are developed using penalized Cox regression. When applied to test sets, six ProteinScores improve the area under the curve estimates for the 10-year onset of incident outcomes beyond age, sex and a comprehensive set of 24 lifestyle factors, clinically relevant biomarkers and physical measures. Furthermore, the ProteinScore for type 2 diabetes outperforms a polygenic risk score and HbA1c—a clinical marker used to monitor and diagnose type 2 diabetes. The performance of scores using metabolomic and proteomic features is also compared. These data characterize early proteomic contributions to major age-related diseases, demonstrating the value of the plasma proteome for risk stratification.
Using large language models to assess public perceptions around glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on social media
Authors: Somani Sulaiman , Jain Sneha S. , Sarraju Ashish , Sandhu Alexander T. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Rodriguez Fatima 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of obesity has been increasing worldwide, with substantial implications for public health. Obesity is independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is estimated to cost the health system over $200 billion dollars annually. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as a practice-changing therapy for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction independent of diabetes.

Methods
We used large language models to augment our previously reported artificial intelligence-enabled topic modeling pipeline to analyze over 390,000 unique GLP-1 RA-related Reddit discussions.

Results
We find high interest around GLP-1 RAs, with a total of 168 topics and 33 groups focused on the GLP-1 RA experience with weight loss, comparison of side effects between differing GLP-1 RAs and alternate therapies, issues with GLP-1 RA access and supply, and the positive psychological benefits of GLP-1 RAs and associated weight loss. Notably, public sentiment in these discussions was mostly neutral-to-positive.

Conclusions
These findings have important implications for monitoring new side effects not captured in randomized control trials and understanding the public health challenge of drug shortages.
Hearing at the Mall: Multibeam Processing Technology Improves Hearing Group Conversations in a Real-World Food Court Environment
Authors: Folkeard Paula , Jensen Niels Søgaard , Parsi Homayoun Kamkar , Bilert Sascha , Scollie Susan 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate conversation hearing with an adaptive beamforming hearing aid that supports adaptive tracking of multiple talkers in an ecologically valid, real-world food court environment in a busy mall.

Method:
Twenty older adult experienced hearing aid wearers with sensorineural hearing loss were fitted in the lab with binaural receiver-in-the-canal style hearing aids set with two programs, each having a different beamforming strategy. The participant and two researchers then met in a moderately noisy and reverberant food court at a local mall where the participant was asked to listen to a conversation between the two researchers. Participants rated the extent of their agreement with 10 positively worded statements specific to the conversation twice, once for each program. Participants then provided program-preference ratings for seven different aspects of a conversation during which the programs were switched back and forth by the researcher, so that participants were unaware of the condition to which they were listening.

Results:
Real-world subjective ratings for all domains resulted in positive values on average for both programs. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the intervention algorithm had higher absolute ratings on five of the 10 criteria including understanding, clarity, focus, listening effort, and background noise. Ratings for preference between programs indicated a significant preference for the intervention algorithm for all seven criteria.

Conclusions:
In a real-world setting, the use of hearing aids with separate processing of sounds from the front and back hemisphere provided positive subjective ratings. However, following a group conversation with multiple conversation partners, improvements in the algorithm to account for the locations of interlocutors and the natural head turning of the hearing aid wearer that occurs during a conversation by adding and controlling multiple adaptive beams in the front hemisphere significantly influenced preference for all aspects rated.
Characteristics of Children and Youth Referred for Language Assessment at Different Ages
Authors: de Bree Elise , Wiefferink Karin , Gerrits Ellen 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Early detection of language delays is essential, as language is key for academic outcomes, well-being, and societal participation. Previous studies have focused on undetected delays in young children. Much less is known about referrals at older ages. In this study, we aimed to (a) establish how many children are referred at toddler age (2–3 years) and how many at lower elementary (4–7 years), upper elementary (8–12 years), and high school (13–16 years) age; (b) evaluate characteristics of the referred children and adolescents across age groups; and (c) assess whether the ensuing classification (no language disorder [LD], developmental LD, LD + additional problems) differed across age groups.

Method:
We used the 2010–2014 database of the Dutch federation of speech and hearing centers, containing 18,894 cases with target ages. We established the number of referrals in each age group (Q1) and assessed the composition of the age groups in terms of speech, language, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes (Q2), as well as in terms of classification (Q3). To answer Q2 and Q3, we conducted chi-squared analyses with the toddler group as reference group.

Results:
Late-identified LDs exist: There were new referrals in all age groups. Compared to older age groups, the toddler group contained fewer girls and multilingual children. The toddler group also contained fewer children without an LD and more children with LD + additional problems.

Conclusions:
Reassuringly, children with multiple language problems are referred earliest. However, late-identified LDs exist, even at high school age. Girls and multilingual children tend to be missed at younger ages. More work on awareness and identification of language delays is needed, requiring awareness, knowledge, and tools for educational professionals.
Multimodal Technologies for Remote Assessment of Neurological and Mental Health
Authors: Ramanarayanan Vikram 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Automated remote assessment and monitoring of patients' neurological and mental health is increasingly becoming an essential component of the digital clinic and telehealth ecosystem, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This review article reviews various modalities of health information that are useful for developing such remote clinical assessments in the real world at scale.

Approach:
We first present an overview of the various modalities of health information—speech acoustics, natural language, conversational dynamics, orofacial or full body movement, eye gaze, respiration, cardiopulmonary, and neural—which can each be extracted from various signal sources—audio, video, text, or sensors. We further motivate their clinical utility with examples of how information from each modality can help us characterize how different disorders affect different aspects of patients' spoken communication. We then elucidate the advantages of combining one or more of these modalities toward a more holistic, informative, and robust assessment.

Findings:
We find that combining multiple modalities of health information allows for improved scientific interpretability, improved performance on downstream health applications such as early detection and progress monitoring, improved technological robustness, and improved user experience. We illustrate how these principles can be leveraged for remote clinical assessment at scale using a real-world case study of the Modality assessment platform.

Conclusion:
This review article motivates the combination of human-centric information from multiple modalities to measure various aspects of patients' health, arguing that remote clinical assessment that integrates this complementary information can be more effective and lead to better clinical outcomes than using any one data stream in isolation.
A new method for surge arrester placement in high‐voltage substations considering environmental effects
Authors: Safaei Faridoddin , Niasati Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConventional approaches for determining the optimal locations of surge arresters (SAs) can result in an unnecessary increase in the number of these devices in high‐voltage substations. This study presents an effective technique for determining the optimal locations of SAs. The lightning back flashover (BF) and switching over‐voltages are predicted with the accurate modeling of the transient behavior of all elements of high‐voltage substations and transmission lines, considering the effect of environmental conditions. Also, the proposed limiting parameter Monte Carlo (MC‐LP) method is utilized to correctly select the probability distribution of the possible strokes for predicting the insulation risk (IR) of a transformer based on transient over‐voltage on the transformer end. Therefore, the most appropriate location to install an SA can be determined with a minimum number of calculations using the structural data of the substation, lines connected to it, and the transformer. Simulations are based on experimental results, and the number of calculations significantly decreases using the proposed algorithm. Simulations of the sample network and implementation of the proposed algorithm with MATLAB and EMTP‐RV prove the efficiency of the proposed method for optimum SA placement.
Vergleich der Herstellungsmethoden homöopathischer Arzneimittel in
verschiedenen homöopathischen Arzneibüchern weltweit – Teil 1
Authors: Buchheim-Schmidt Susann , Schwarzbach Ralf 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden die allgemeinen Herstellungsmethoden der
wichtigsten homöopathischen Pharmakopöen weltweit verglichen. Gemeinsamkeiten
und Unterschiede bezüglich der Herstellung von Urtinkturen,
Potenzierungsverfahren (Hahnemann oder Korsakoff), Anzahl sowie Art und Weise
der Schüttelschläge, Verreibungszeit und Globuligrößen – auch im Vergleich zu
den historischen Quellen in der „Reinen Arzneimittellehre“, den „Chronischen
Krankheiten“ und dem „Organon“ – werden herausgearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse werden
unter toxikologischen Gesichtspunkten und in Relation zur praktischen Arbeit
homöopathischer Therapeuten diskutiert.
Polaritätsanalyse – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungEine besondere Methode innerhalb der Homöopathie ist die Polaritätsanalyse. Sie
wurde vom Schweizer Kinderarzt Dr. Heiner Frei entwickelt und beruht auf einem
Frühwerk der Homöopathie – Bönninghausens Therapeutischem Taschenbuch.
Grundlagen, Entstehung, Entwicklung und der aktuelle Stand der Polaritätsanalyse
werden in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.
Reactive Arthritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Report of Three
Cases
Authors: Tasgöz Cemre , Acar Emre Ali , Sülükcü Seref , Uslu Sadettin , Gündüz Ozgül Soysal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative
agent of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has affected the
entire world. The development of COVID-19 vaccines has helped to slow the spread
of the virus. However, as with vaccines against other infectious diseases,
adverse events can occur with COVID-19 vaccines. Here we present 3 cases of
acute arthritis following COVID-19 vaccination and a comprehensive review of the
existing literature.
Comparison of stent patency between EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging and endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage for hilar obstruction
Authors: Takeshita Kotaro , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Maruki Yuta , Ohba Akihiro , Kawasaki Yuki , Takasaki Tetsuro , Yagi Shin , Agarie Daiki , Hara Hidenobu , Hagiwara Yuya , Yamashige Daiki , Okamoto Kohei , Fukuda Soma , Kuwada Masaru , Chatto Mark , Kondo Shunsuke , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Hideki , Saito Yutaka , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging between the left and right bile ducts is an alternative to endoscopic transpapillary drainage for malignant hilar biliary obstruction. We aimed to analyze the long-term stent patency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging between April 2018 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. We retrospectively compared the stent patency of these patients with that of the individuals who underwent endoscopic transpapillary drainage-multi-stenting using unmatched (entire) and propensity score-matched cohorts.
Results Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging had a technical success rate of 90% (18/20). Adverse events were minimal. The number of clinical success cases was 17 and 82 for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging using metallic stent and endoscopic transpapillary drainage-multi-stenting, respectively. The recurrent biliary obstruction rate was 17.6% and 58.5% for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging and endoscopic transpapillary drainage-multi-stenting, respectively; the median time to recurrent biliary obstruction (days) was significantly longer for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging in the entire (not reached vs. 104, P=0.03) and propensity score-matched (183 vs. 79, P=0.05) cohorts. The non-recurrent biliary obstruction rate for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging was 91.6% at 3 and 6 months and 57% at 12 months. Multivariate analyses revealed that endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging contributed to a lower recurrent biliary obstruction incidence (hazard ratio, 0.31, P=0.05) without significant difference.
Conclusions Stent patency was significantly better for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging. However, future prospective studies are needed.
Effect of chewing gum in bowel preparation for patients undergoing small bowel and colon capsule endoscopy: Systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Jensen Sofie Sajan , Deding Ulrik , Hansen Lea Østergaard , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Bjørsum-Meyer Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Quality of bowel preparation and successful transit are critical factors for complete small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and colon capsule endoscopy (CCE). The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the impact of chewing gum as part of the bowel preparation regimen on the completion rate in both SBCE and CCE.
Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase. Data were extracted upon quality assessment of included studies. Two reviewers conducted the screening process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Eighty-four studies met the search criteria and four randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, these were assessed for bias using Minors. Pooled completion rate of SBCE studies was defined as the primary outcome.
Results Three randomized controlled trials were SBCE studies and one was a CCE study. The pooled completion rate (91%) was not significantly higher in SBCE patients who were given chewing gum after capsule ingestion compared to those who were not (85%). Variance information was not reported in all studies, and therefore, pooled transit time estimates could not be calculated.
Conclusions Chewing gum has a good safety profile but has only been used as a booster in one CCE study and a few SBCE studies. More prospective randomized controlled trials, therefore, are needed to investigate the efficacy of chewing gum for achieving complete capsule examination.
Investigational Treatment of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
in Infants
Authors: Ren Xiaoya , Wang Yi , Liu Ying , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate whether the administration of
gonadotropins to mimic the physiological development of infants with congenital
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) after birth can facilitate testicular
descent, penile growth, and ultimately preserve fertility. This study included
eight infants with CHH who received a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pump
or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) combined with human menopausal
gonadotropin (HMG) therapy at Beijing Children's Hospital from August 2018
to March 2023. The age of the infants ranged from 6 months to 2 years. 2. For
literature review, a search was conducted in the PubMed database using the
keywords “congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,” “infants,” and
“mini-puberty” up until June 2023. After 1–3 months of treatment, significant
increases were observed in PL and TV. The testes descended from the inguinal
region to the scrotum. Serum T and INH-B levels increased from being
undetectable to 737.1±409.5 ng/dl and from 47.88±23.03 to 168.94±59.34 pg/ml,
respectively. In a comparative literature review of 22 infants with CHH, the age
at treatment initiation ranged from 0.5 to 7.9 months. Treatment involved
various dosages and durations, ranging from 2 to 6 months of subcutaneous
injections of LH and FSH. Both therapies successfully improved PL, TV, and
testicular descent; reduced the need for surgery; and were safe. This is the
first report of the use of a GnRH pump for the treatment of infant CHH.
Ein T-Wellen-Twist im EKG – ein Fallbericht aus der Arztpraxis
Authors: Ruoß Isabell 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungAnhand der vorliegenden Kasuistik soll die entscheidende Rolle des Erkennens von Hoch-Risiko-EKGs bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) verdeutlicht werden. Bei einem 59-jährigen Patienten zeigte sich in einem beschwerdefreien Intervall im EKG das Wellens-Zeichen, als Hinweis auf ein NSTE-ACS (Nicht-ST-Strecken-Hebung-[NSTE-]ACS). Bei intermittierender Belastungsdyspnoe und thorakalem Brennen mit langen beschwerdefreien Intervallen war die Diagnosestellung bei diesem Patienten eine Herausforderung. In der aktualisierten Leitlinie von 2023 zum Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms wurde erstmals das Wellens-Zeichen als NSTE-Hoch-Risiko-EKG aufgenommen, da diese Patienten ein hohes Risiko besitzen, einen Vorderwandinfarkt zu entwickeln. Durch das Erkennen von Hoch-Risiko-EKGs in der Akutmedizin kann ein effizientes Zeitmanagement für invasive Diagnostik und Therapie erzielt werden.
The Influence of Futsal Players’ Initial Physical Condition on the
Occurrence of Injuries
Authors: Rebelo Miguel , Marques Catarina , Crisóstomo Rute , Batista Marco , Paulo Rui , Rocha João , Serrano João 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough there are some studies that have linked fitness parameters and sports
injuries, the literature remains controversial. The aim of the study was to
prospectively analyze the influence of initial physical condition parameters on
the development of injury in the first three months of the sports season in
futsal players. A total of 68 players (24.26±4.63 years old) were assessed
before the start of the sports season in relation to certain physical condition
parameters, such as body composition (bioimpedance), lower limb power
(countermovement jump, CMJ) and muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer). The
injured players showed significantly worse initial performance in the CMJ
compared to the uninjured players (p<0.001). There were no significant
differences between groups in body composition and muscle strength. Lower power
values were associated with a higher risk of injury in the first few months of
the sports season (OR=0.92; 95% CI=0.88–0.99). Muscle power was an independent
predictor of injury in the first few months of the sports season in futsal
players, indicating that improving players’ physical condition could help reduce
the number of injuries.
An In Silico-Guided Approach for Assessing Herb-Drug Interaction Potential: A Case Study with Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf Extracts
Authors: Seo Jeong In , Kwak Young Beom , Cho Seong Eun , Yoo Hye Hyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts have long been utilized as traditional oriental medicines across Asian countries like Korea, China, and Japan. These extracts are renowned for their therapeutic benefits in addressing inflammation, tumors, obesity, and diabetes, maintaining their status as a pivotal folk remedy. Given the rising trend of combining medicinal herbs with conventional medications, it is imperative to explore the potential herb-drug interactions. However, there is a dearth of research on evaluating the herb-drug interactions of C. tricuspidata leaf extracts. Also, the intricate chemical composition of medicinal herbs presents methodological hurdles in establishing causal relationships between their constituents and herb-drug interactions. To overcome these challenges, a combined in silico and in vitro workflow was developed and effectively applied to evaluate the potential herb-drug interaction of C. tricuspidata leaf extracts
along with the associated chemical factors. In in vitro CYP inhibition assays, C. tricuspidata leaf extracts exhibited potent inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2C8, with quercetin, kaempferol, and their glycosides identified as the major constituents. In silico analysis based on the prediction tools (ADMETlab 2.0 and pkCSM) identified key contributors to CYP inhibition, quercetin and kaempferol. Additionally, molecular docking analysis validated the binding of ligands (quercetin and kaempferol) to proteins (CYP1A2 and CYP2C8). These findings suggest that C. tricuspidata leaf extracts could inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2C8, aiding in understanding the herb-drug interaction potential of C. tricuspidata leaf extracts for safe clinical application. Furthermore, this approach can be broadly applied to study herb-drug interactions of various medicinal herbs, enhancing their therapeutic benefits and reducing adverse reactions by considering chemical profiles
relevant to herb-drug interaction potential in herbal preparations.