bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A constrained extremum‐seeking control approach
Authors: Guay Martin , Moshksar Ehsan , Dochain Denis 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes an extremum‐seeking control approach for a class of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems subject to constraints. It is assumed that the objective function along with the constraints are available for measurement. The contribution of the paper is to formulate the extremum‐seeking problem as a time‐varying estimation problem. The constraints are enforced by using an interior point strategy that preserves feasibility of the systems' trajectories. Simulation examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscopy for nanoscience: how super‐resolution microscopy extends imaging for nanotechnology
Authors: Johnson Sam A. 
Published: October 2014

Imaging methods have presented scientists with powerful means of investigation for centuries. The ability to resolve structures using light microscopes is though limited to around 200 nm. Fluorescence‐based super‐resolution light microscopy techniques of several principles and methods have emerged in recent years and offer great potential to extend the capabilities of microscopy. This resolution improvement is especially promising for nanoscience where the imaging of nanoscale structures is inherently restricted by the resolution limit of standard forms of light microscopy. Resolution can be improved by several distinct approaches including structured illumination microscopy, stimulated emission depletion, and single‐molecule positioning methods such as photoactivated localization microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and several derivative variations of each of these. These methods involve substantial differences in the resolutions achievable in the different axes, speed of acquisition, compatibility with different labels, ease of use, hardware complexity, and compatibility with live biological samples. The field of super‐resolution imaging and its application to nanotechnology is relatively new and still rapidly developing. An overview of how these methods may be used with nanomaterials is presented with some examples of pioneering uses of these approaches. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:266–281. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1300This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
First Polymeric Polyphosphide via Solution Chemistry – Synthesis and Crystal Structure of CsP7
Authors: Meier Martin , Faupel Victoria , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: October 2014

Abstract For the first time, CsP7 was synthesized via a solution reaction in liquid ammonia at low temperatures. The blood‐red compound is air and moisture sensitive. The crystal structure of CsP7 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction at 123 K. CsP7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm (No. 57) with a = 9.0820(2) Å, b = 9.4193(2) Å, c = 9.65483(19) Å, Z = 4 and V = 825.93(3) Å3. CsP7 is isotypic with RbP7. The crystal structure is comprised of Cs+ cations as well as one‐dimensionally extended P7– chains proceeding along the c axis. The chains consist of nortricyclane‐like P7 cages linked in a linear fashion. Thus, for the very first time, a binary compound containing a polymeric Zintl anion was synthesized by a solution reaction in liquid ammonia.
Synthesis of Titanium Fluorophosphates and Fluorosulfates from Hexafluorotitanic Acid
Authors: Marshall Kayleigh L. , Weller Mark T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree new titanium‐based network structures and an organic tetraazapentacenium [TiF6]2– salt were synthesized under high fluoride‐concentration, hydrothermal conditions utilizing hexafluorotitanic acid as a starting material. The compositions of the new connected‐structure phases obtained are CsTi2F2(PO4)(PO3F)2, [Imidazole‐H][Ti3F2(PO3F)(PO4)3]·0.5H2O, and [DABCO‐H][Ti(SO4)2(SO3(OH,F))]. CsTi2F2(PO4)(PO3F)2 has a sheet‐like structure with interlayer Cs+ ions coordinated solely by fluoride ions, whereas [Imidazole‐H] [Ti3F2(PO3F)(PO4)3]·0.5H2O has a three‐dimensional framework structure with elliptical channels containing pairs of organic template molecules. The DABCO templated phase is isostructural with ferrinatrite with chains formed from titanium coordinated by six sulfate groups. Reactions using 1,2‐phenylenediamine under these conditions surprisingly generates 5,12‐dihydro‐5,7,12,14‐tetraazapentacenium cations, which crystallize as a salt with [TiF6]2–.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Cerium(III) UV‐Emitting 2D‐Coordination Polymer 2∞[Ce2Cl6(4, 4′‐bipyridine)4]·py
Authors: Matthes Philipp R. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: October 2014

Abstract The 2D‐coordination polymer 2∞[Ce2Cl6(bipy)4]·py (bipy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine) shows a 5d‐4f centered emission in the soft UV‐B region. It was synthesized via the reaction of anhydrous CeCl3 and 4, 4′‐bipyridine in pyridine under solvothermal conditions. The two‐dimensional sheet structure consisting of 4, 4′‐bipyridine coordinated Ce2Cl6 dimers closes the gap between the known lanthanum 3∞[La2Cl6(bipy)5]·4bipy framework and the 2D networks of the formula 2∞[Ln2Cl6(bipy)3]·2bipy from praseodymium on. They differ in the number of coordinating bipy linkers, which decreases along La > Ce > Pr, with the remarkable observation that lanthanum, cerium, and praseodymium exhibit different network constitutions. The structure of 2∞[Ce2Cl6(bipy)4]·py exhibits a cem topology constituted of double strands, which are diagonally linked by 4, 4′‐bipyridine forming trapezoid cavities in‐between the strands. The cavities contain intercalated pyridine molecules.
Metal‐Centered Zintl Ions Isolated by Direct Extraction from Endohedral Intermetallic Precursor: [Co1–x@Sn9]4– (x ≈ 0.32) and [Co2@Sn17]5–
Authors: He Haiyan , Klein Wilhelm , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo new compounds with Co‐centered Sn9 clusters were obtained by the extraction directly from the intermetallic precursor K4.79Co0.79Sn9 in ethylenediamine with addition of cryptand [2.2.2]. The anions [Co0.68@Sn9]4– in K[K([2.2.2]crypt)]3[Co0.68@Sn9] (1) consisting of overlaying [Co@Sn9]4– and [Sn9]4– cluster anions are connected by K atoms to form infinite $\rm^{1}_{\infty}$K[Co0.68@Sn9] chains. The anions [Co2@Sn17]5– in [K([2.2.2]crypt)]5[Co2@Sn17]·en·tol (2) are built from two [Co@Sn9] sharing one common Sn atom, with the same composition but a different conformation as in the previously reported [K([2.2.2]crypt)]5[Co2@Sn17]. Quantum chemical calculations for the different conformers of [Co2@Sn17]5– reveal that both conformers are rather close in energy and that the short intercluster Sn–Sn distance in 2 does not originate from attractive interactions.
Reproductive interference in laboratory experiments of interspecific competition
Authors: Kishi Shigeki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany studies that have researched interspecific competition inCallosobruchus(bean beetles),Drosophila(fruit flies), andTribolium(flour beetles) have considered the major drivers of interspecific competition to be interspecific resource competition and intraguild cannibalism. These competition drivers have a density‐dependent effect on the population dynamics. However, some studies have also detected a relative‐frequency‐dependent effect in the observed population dynamics. The most likely causal mechanism of this relative frequency dependence is reproductive interference, defined as any interspecific sexual interaction that damages female reproductive success. Reproductive interference has been overlooked by most laboratory studies in spite of the critical effect on the competition outcome. In this paper, I review laboratory studies of these insect genera from the perspective of reproductive interference and show that the reported results can be more reasonably interpreted by the joint action of reproductive interference and resource competition, including intraguild cannibalism. In addition, on the basis of results reported by a small number of related studies, I discuss the behavioral and evolutionary changes induced in those genera by reproductive interference.
Interfacial and Solution Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug and Counterion‐Coupled Gemini (COCOGEM) Surfactants
Authors: Noori Sahar , Naqvi Andleeb Z. , Ansari Wajid H. , Kabir‐ud‐Din  
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of mixed systems comprising an amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride and counterion‐coupled gemini surfactants 12‐6‐12, 14‐6‐14, or 16‐6‐16 [1,6‐bis(N,N‐alkyldimethylammonium) adipate] were determined using tensiometry. The results were analyzed in the light of different theoretical models from Rosen, Clint, Rubingh, and Motomura. The cmc values decrease with increasing mole fraction of surfactant (α1). The cmcid values (cmc value at ideal mixing conditions) also decrease with α1 but remain above the experimental cmc values. This means that the mixed micelles form as a result of attractive interactions. These interactions are also seen in surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule (Amin) data: Γmax increases and Amin decreases. Both Rosen's and Rubingh's models indicate synergistic interactions (interaction parameter, βm and βσ, values are negative). The βm values are larger in magnitude than βσ for 14‐6‐14 and 16‐6‐16 systems, whereas the reverse is the case with 12‐6‐12 because the surfactant's short chain makes adjustment in the core difficult for both components.
Effect of Compounds Affecting ABCA1 Expression and CETP Activity on the HDL Pathway Involved in Intestinal Absorption of Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Authors: Niesor Eric J. , Chaput Evelyne , Mary Jean‐Luc , Staempfli Andreas , Topp Andreas , Stauffer Andrea , Wang Haiyan , Durrwell Alexandre 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe antioxidant xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin are absorbed from the diet in a process involving lipoprotein formation. Selective mechanisms exist for their intestinal uptake and tissue‐selective distribution, but these are poorly understood. We investigated the role of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and ATP‐binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 in intestinal uptake of lutein in a human polarized intestinal cell culture and a hamster model. Animals received dietary lutein and zeaxanthin and either a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist or statin, which up‐ or down‐regulate intestinal ABCA1 expression, respectively. The role of HDL was studied following treatment with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) modulator dalcetrapib or the CETP inhibitor anacetrapib. In vitro, intestinal ABCA1 at the basolateral surface of enterocytes transferred lutein and zeaxanthin to apoA1, not to mature HDL. In hamsters, plasma lutein and zeaxanthin levels were markedly increased with the LXR agonist and decreased with simvastatin. Dalcetrapib, but not anacetrapib, increased plasma and liver lutein and zeaxanthin levels. ABCA1 expression and apoA1 acceptor activity are important initial steps in intestinal uptake and maintenance of lutein and zeaxanthin levels by an HDL‐dependent pathway. Their absorption may be improved by physiological and pharmacological interventions affecting HDL metabolism.
Neonatal seizures and epilepsies
Authors: Vinayan Kollencheri , Moshé Solomon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeonatal seizure is the most frequent clinical manifestation of central nervous system dysfunction in the newborn. It is defined as a paroxysmal alteration in neurologic function that include motor, behavior and/or autonomic functions occurring in the first 28 days after birth of a term neonate or before 44 weeks of gestational age in a preterm infant. Seizures in the presence of encephalopathy are the most important clinical pattern of an acute cerebral insult in the immature brain. Chronic epileptic disorders very rarely may have their onset in the neonatal period and may persist well into infancy and later childhood. Structural brain defects and metabolic disorders constitute a substantial proportion of this group. Ictal EEG recordings remain the gold standard for the accurate identification of neonatal seizures of cortical origin and for the distinction from non-epileptic paroxysmal events. This review focuses on the electroclinical patterns of neonatal seizures and epilepsies with an emphasis on the classification and terminologies. The current therapeutic options are also highlighted briefly.
Longitudinal plasma amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Moghadam Setareh H. , Roe Allyson D. , Sun Chung‐Kai , Edland Steven D. , Thomas Ronald G. , Petersen Ronald C. , Sano Mary , Galasko Douglas , Aisen Paul S. , Rissman Robert A. 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionLittle is known about the utility of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal plasma samples from two large multicenter clinical trials: (1) donezepil and vitamin E in mild cognitive impairment (n = 405, 24 months) and (2) simvastatin in mild to moderate AD (n = 225, 18 months).ResultsBaseline plasma Aβ was not related to cognitive or clinical progression. We observed a decrease in plasma Aβ40 and 42 among apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) carriers relative to noncarriers in the mild cognitive impairment trial. Patients treated with simvastatin showed a significant increase in Aβ compared with placebo. We found significant storage time effects and considerable plate‐to‐plate variation.DiscussionWe found no support for the utility of plasma Aβ as a prognostic factor or correlate of cognitive change. Analysis of stored specimens requires careful standardization and experimental design, but plasma Aβ may prove useful in pharmacodynamic studies of antiamyloid drugs.
Exploring the Usefulness of Botanicals as an Adjunctive Treatment for Lymphedema: A Systematic Search and Review
Authors: Poage Ellen G. , Rodrick Julia R. , Wanchai Ausanee , Stewart Bob R. , Cormier Janice N. , Armer Jane M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo provide a critical analysis of the current published research regarding the use, risks, and benefits of botanicals in the treatment of lymphedema and to provide health professionals with current knowledge of safe, appropriate use of botanicals for treatment of lymphedema.TypeThis systematic search and review addresses the use of botanicals in the treatment of lymphedema in order to develop a best evidence synthesis of the research.Literature SurveyArticles were identified from 11 major medical indices published from 2004‐2012 using search terms for lymphedema and management. Eighty‐five articles met the inclusion criteria of evidence‐based lymphedema therapies for the category “complementary and alternative methods for lymphedema therapy.”MethodologyTwo clinical lymphedema experts reviewed the studies according to level of evidence guidelines established by the Oncology Nursing Society, Putting Evidence into Practice, and subdivided the methods into subcategories that included Botanical, Pharmaceutical, Physical Agent Modalities, and Modalities of Contemporary Value. The pharmaceutical articles were excluded (5) because they fell outside the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐two articles were used in a separate review of physical agent modalities and modalities of contemporary value for lymphedema. Botanicals generated substantial research (11) and warranted its own independent review.SynthesisThe levels of evidence are weak, because research conclusions were limited by size, dose, and study design. A limited number of randomized controlled trials have been performed, and reliability is not always evident, particularly in the context of large systematic reviews where evidence was bundled.ConclusionsEvidence supporting the use of botanicals for the treatment of lymphedema is insufficient. Some evidence suggests benefits for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Development of specific and sensitive measurement methods may change how botanicals are studied and establish a body of evidence for their use.
Neurogenic Bowel After Spinal Cord Injury From the Perspective of Support Providers: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Burns Anthony S. , St‐Germain Daphney , Connolly Maureen , Delparte Jude J. , Guindon Andréanne , Hitzig Sander L. , Craven B. Catharine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo gain greater insight into the experience of support providers who assist and support individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) for the performance of bowel care.DesignQualitative (phenomenological) interviews and analysis.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsTen support providers of individuals with SCI.Main Outcome MeasurementsThemes related to supporting bowel care for individuals with SCI.ResultsSupport providers identified concerns and challenges as well as sources of satisfaction related to the provision of bowel care to individuals with SCI. Traits and characteristics of effective support providers also emerged.ConclusionsIndividuals with SCI often require emotional, logistical, and/or physical assistance to complete bowel care. Exploration of neurogenic bowel care from the perspective of support providers identified concerns and challenges, sources of satisfaction, and important traits and characteristics of support providers. This information can facilitate the identification of effective support providers and the provision of enhanced training and support. Interventions of this nature can improve the experience for individuals with SCI and their supports.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Techniques for the Management of Adult Spasticity
Authors: Walker Heather W. , Lee Michael Y. , Bahroo Laxman B. , Hedera Peter , Charles David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpasticity is often experienced by individuals with injury or illness of the central nervous system from etiologies such as stroke, spinal cord injury, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, or other neurologic conditions. Although spasticity may provide benefits in some patients, it more often leads to complications negatively impacting the patient. Nonpharmacologic treatment options often do not provide long‐term reduction of spasticity, and systemic interventions, such as oral medications, can have intolerable side effects. The use of botulinum neurotoxin injections is one option for management of focal spasticity. Several localization techniques are available to physicians that allow for identification of the selected target muscles. These methods include anatomic localization in isolation or in conjunction with electromyography guidance, electrical stimulation guidance, or ultrasound guidance. This article will focus on further description of each of these techniques in relation to the treatment of adult spasticity and will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, as well as review the literature comparing the techniques.
What is the apparent angle of a Kelvin ship wave pattern?
Authors: Pethiyagoda Ravindra , McCue Scott W. , Moroney Timothy J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhile the half-angle which encloses a Kelvin ship wave pattern is commonly accepted to be 19.47°, recent observations and calculations for sufficiently fast-moving ships suggest that the apparent wake angle decreases with ship speed. One explanation for this decrease in angle relies on the assumption that a ship cannot generate wavelengths much greater than its hull length. An alternative interpretation is that the wave pattern that is observed in practice is defined by the location of the highest peaks; for wakes created by sufficiently fast-moving objects, these highest peaks no longer lie on the outermost divergent waves, resulting in a smaller apparent angle. In this paper, we focus on the problems of free-surface flow past a single submerged point source and past a submerged source doublet. In the linear version of these problems, we measure the apparent wake angle formed by the highest peaks, and observe the following three regimes: a small Froude number pattern, in which the divergent waves are not visible; standard wave patterns for which the maximum peaks occur on the outermost divergent waves; and a third regime in which the highest peaks form a V-shape with an angle much less than the Kelvin angle. For nonlinear flows, we demonstrate that nonlinearity has the effect of increasing the apparent wake angle so that some highly nonlinear solutions have apparent wake angles that are greater than Kelvin’s angle. For large Froude numbers, the effect on apparent wake angle can be more dramatic, with the possibility of strong nonlinearity shifting the wave pattern from the third regime to the second. We expect that our nonlinear results will translate to other more complicated flow configurations, such as flow due to a steadily moving closed body such as a submarine.
Restricted equilibrium and the energy cascade in rotating and stratified flows
Authors: Herbert Corentin , Pouquet Annick , Marino Raffaele 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMost turbulent flows appearing in nature (e.g. geophysical and astrophysical flows) are subjected to strong rotation and stratification. These effects break the symmetries of classical, homogenous isotropic turbulence. In doing so, they introduce a natural decomposition of phase space in terms of wave modes and potential vorticity modes. The appearance of a new time scale, associated with the propagation of waves, hinders the understanding of energy transfers across scales. For instance, it is difficult to predicta prioriwhether the energy cascades downscale as in homogeneous isotropic turbulence or upscale as expected from balanced dynamics. In this paper, we suggest a theoretical approach based on equilibrium statistical mechanics for the ideal system, inspired by the restricted partition function formalism introduced in metastability studies. We focus on the qualitative features of the inviscid system, taking into account either all the modes or just the slow modes. Specifically, we show that at absolute equilibrium, i.e. when all the modes are considered, no negative temperature states exist, and the isotropic energy spectrum is close to equipartition. By contrast, when the statistics is restricted to the contributions of the slow modes, we find that in the presence of rotation, there exists a regime of negative temperature featuring an infrared divergence in both the isotropic and the axisymmetric average energy spectrum, characteristic of an inverse cascade regime. Such regimes are not allowed for purely stratified flows, even in the restricted ensemble, because the slow manifold then partitions into modes that carry potential vorticity on the one hand, and hydrostatically balanced but vorticity-free modes, the so-called vertical shear horizontal flows, on the other hand, which forbid the appearance of negative temperatures.