bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy Utilizing Eccentric Training, Lumbopelvic Stabilization, and Trigger Point Dry Needling: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Jayaseelan Dhinu J. , Moats Nick , Ricardo Christopher R. 
Published: November 2013

Study Design Case report. Background Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is a relatively uncommon overuse injury seen in runners. In contrast to the significant amount of literature guiding the evaluation and treatment of hamstring strains, there is little literature about the physical therapy management of proximal hamstring tendinopathy, other than the general recommendations to increase strength and flexibility. Case Description Two runners were treated in physical therapy for proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Each presented with buttock pain with running and sitting, as well as tenderness to palpation at the ischial tuberosity. Each patient was prescribed a specific exercise program focusing on eccentric loading of the hamstrings and lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. Trigger point dry needling was also used with both runners to facilitate improved joint motion and to decrease pain. Outcomes Both patients were treated in 8 to 9 visits over 8 to 10 weeks. Clinically significant improvements were seen in pain, tenderness, and function in each case. Each patient returned to running and sitting without symptoms. Discussion Proximal hamstring tendinopathy can be difficult to treat. In these 2 runners, eccentric loading of the hamstrings, lumbopelvic stabilization exercises, and trigger point dry needling provided short- and long-term pain reduction and functional benefits. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this cluster of interventions for this condition. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):198–205. Epub 21 November 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4905
The Transcription Factor E74-like Factor 4 Suppresses Differentiation of Proliferating CD4+ T Cells to the Th17 Lineage
Authors: Lee Ping-Hsien , Puppi Monica , Schluns Kimberly S. , Yu-Lee Li-Yuan , Dong Chen , Lacorazza H. Daniel 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The differentiation of CD4+ T cells into different Th lineages is driven by cytokine milieu in the priming site and the underlying transcriptional circuitry. Even though many positive regulators have been identified, it is not clear how this process is inhibited at transcriptional level. In this study, we report that the E-twenty six (ETS) transcription factor E74-like factor 4 (ELF4) suppresses the differentiation of Th17 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Culture of naive Elf4−/− CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-6 and TGF-β (or IL-6, IL-23, and IL-1β) resulted in increased numbers of IL-17A–positive cells compared with wild-type controls. In contrast, the differentiation to Th1, Th2, or regulatory T cells was largely unaffected by loss of ELF4. The increased expression of genes involved in Th17 differentiation observed in Elf4−/− CD4+ T cells suggested that ELF4 controls their programming into the Th17 lineage rather than only IL-17A gene expression. Despite normal proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells, loss of ELF4 lowered the requirement of IL-6 and TGF-β signaling for IL-17A induction in each cell division. ELF4 did not inhibit Th17 differentiation by promoting IL-2 production as proposed for another ETS transcription factor, ETS1. Elf4−/− mice showed increased numbers of Th17 cells in the lamina propria at steady state, in lymph nodes after immunization, and, most importantly, in the CNS following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction, contributing to the increased disease severity. Collectively, our findings suggest that ELF4 restrains Th17 differentiation in dividing CD4+ T cells by regulating commitment to the Th17 differentiation program.
TRAF5 Negatively Regulates TLR Signaling in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Buchta Claire M. , Bishop Gail A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The cytoplasmic adaptor proteins TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)3 and TRAF6 are important mediators of TLR signaling. To our knowledge, we show in this study for the first time that another TRAF family member, TRAF5, is a negative regulator of TLR signaling. B lymphocytes from TRAF5−/− mice produced more IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-10, TNF-α, and IgM than did wild-type B cells after TLR stimulation. Consistent with these data, exogenous overexpression of TRAF5 in B cells inhibited TLR-mediated cytokine and Ab production. TLR stimulation of TRAF5-deficient B cells did not affect cell survival, proliferation, or NF-κB activation but resulted in markedly enhanced phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK1/2 and JNK. TRAF5 negatively regulated TLR signaling in a cell-specific manner, because TRAF5−/− macrophages and dendritic cells showed less dramatic differences in TLR-mediated cytokine production than B cells. Following TLR stimulation, TRAF5 associated in a complex with the TLR adaptor protein MyD88 and the B cell–specific positive regulator of TLR signaling TAB2. Furthermore, TRAF5 negatively regulated the association of TAB2 with its signaling partner TRAF6 after TLR ligation in B cells. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence that TRAF5 acts as a negative regulator of TLR signaling.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine against E. faecalis: An in vitro Study
Authors: Sheth Hina , Kamath Uday , Ramesh Sai , Singla Keshav 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesAmong the bacterial species which most often cause endodontic failure,Enterococcus faecalisis the most important. This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine as a root canal irrigant, againstE. faecalisMaterials and MethodsNormal saline, tea tree oil, 3% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine and fresh stains ofE. faecaliswere used. Four round wells, 4 mm deep and 8 mm diameter, were punched using sterile cork borer in blood agar plates and divided into four groups: group A: normal saline (control), group B: 3% sodium hypochlorite, group C: 2% chlorhexidine and group D: tea tree oil. Agar well diffusion method was performed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil, 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine.ResultsThe results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tea tree oil showed comparable inhibition of bacterial growth with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. No zone of inhibition was shown by normal saline (control).Interpretation and conclusionTea tree oil showed statistically significant antimicrobial activity againstEnterococcus faecalis, which is very much similar to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.AbbreviationsCHX: Chlorhexidine;E. faecalis: Enterococcus faecalis; NaOCl: Sodium hypochlorite.How to cite this articleKamath U, Sheth H, Ramesh S, Singla K. Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine againstE. faecalis: An in vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2013; 3(3):117-120.
The effectiveness of continuing medical education for specialist recertification
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Wang Tim T. , Ashrafian Hutan , Layer Graham T. 
Published: November 2013

Evolving professional, social and political pressures highlight the importance of lifelong learning for clinicians. Continuing medical education (CME) facilitates lifelong learning and is a fundamental factor in the maintenance of certification. The type of CME differs between surgical and non-surgical specialties. CME methods of teaching include lectures, workshops, conferences and simulation training. Interventions involving several modalities, instructional techniques and multiple exposures are more effective. The beneficial effects of CME can be maintained in the long term and can improve clinical outcome. However, quantitative evidence on validity, reliability, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of various methods is lacking. This is especially evident in urology. The effectiveness of CME interventions on maintenance of certification is also unknown. Currently, many specialists fulfil mandatory CME credit requirements opportunistically, therefore erroneously equating number of hours accumulated with competence. New CME interventions must emphasize actual performance and should correlate with clinical outcomes. Improved CME practice must in turn lead to continuing critical reflection, practice modification and implementation with a focus towards excellent patient care.
Microstructure evolution of SW/EPN composites during hot air aging
Authors: Xiao Hong‐Mei , Zhan Mao‐Sheng , Xu Wen , Ding Xiao‐jun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, the hot air aging of high strength glass fiber fabric/epoxy novolac resin (SW/EPN) composites was investigated by the aid of the aging behavior of EPN, mainly focusing on the microstructure evolvement of SW/EPN composites. The aging mechanism and thermal mechanical properties of SW/EPN composites were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that micro cracks initiated and propagated at the fiber–matrix interphase because of the heat and oxygen effect. After long‐time aging at elevated temperatures, delamination phenomenon was discovered in SW/EPN composites. The results of weight changes showed that the degradation of EPN played a major role in SW/EPN composites. Moreover, the degradation of EPN contained post‐curing, oxidation, and decomposition. The results also revealed that unaged EPN indicated two glass transition temperatures (Tg1 and Tg2). Tg1 increased for post curing while Tg2 decreased for oxidation with increasing of aging time and temperature. In the final period of aging at higher temperatures, only one Tg was observed because the formation of perfect crosslinked networks made EPN homogeneous. In addition, the relationship between Tg and chemical structure, as well as Tg and mass loss, confirmed that the variation of Tg depended on chemical changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40128.
Biobased epoxy resin from canola oil
Authors: Omonov Tolibjon S. , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEpoxidized canola oil (ECO)‐based thermoset epoxy resins were formulated with phthalic anhydride (PA) as the curing agent for different ratios of ECO to PA (1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2 mol/mol) at curing temperatures of 155, 170, 185, and 200°C. The gelation process of the epoxy resins and the viscoelastic properties of the systems during curing were studied by rheometry, whereas the dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the cured resins were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that the thermomechanical properties of the resins were not strongly dependent on the curing temperature of the resin, although elevated temperatures significantly accelerated the curing process. However, an increase in the curing agent (PA) amount significantly altered both the reaction rate and the thermomechanical properties of the final resin. Thus, in the ECO/PA system, the selection of the combination of the curing temperature and the molar ratios of the curing agent could be used to design thermoset resins with unique thermomechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40142.
Coaxial electrospinning and release characteristics of cellulose acetate–gelatin blend encapsulating a model drug
Authors: Kiatyongchai Thitipun , Wongsasulak Saowakon , Yoovidhya Tipaporn 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to minimize the degradation of encapsulated compounds in the harsh environment of release medium and to minimize bursting release, a model drug was encapsulated in a kernel of ultrafine cellulose acetate (CA) and gelatin (GL) blend fibers via coaxial electrospinning. The effects of the GL ratio on the properties of the shell solution were investigated, along with the core‐to‐shell ratio. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that core–shell coaxial fibers were fabricated successfully. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the average diameter of the fibers was 913 ± 180 nm. As the GL ratio was increased, the viscosity of the shell solution decreased. In addition, more pronounced shear thinning occurred, which resulted in coaxial fibers with thinner shells. Release characteristics of the encapsulated amoxicillin in pepsin‐containing simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with a pH of 1.2 were also investigated. It showed that the release of amoxicillin occurs owing to Fickian diffusion mechanism, with the release half‐time being approximately 5 h. Bursting release was not observed, and fibers exposed to the SGF remained intact even after 24 h. These core–shell fibers should be suitable for applications requiring the sustained release of compounds in the gastrointestinal tract. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40166.
Middle managers and major gifts: fundraising for academic librarians
Authors: Doan Tomalee , Morris Sammie L. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share successful strategies to enable mid‐level management academic librarians and archivists to raise major gifts from individual donors.Design/methodology/approachThe paper demonstrates the growing need for fundraising in university libraries and shows how participating in fundraising activities is an increasing expectation of librarians. Case studies are provided of successful fundraising by librarians and archivists, including their work with donors and collaboration with development professionals. The paper concludes with suggestions for maintaining donor relations.FindingsFundraising is increasing rapidly as an expected activity of librarians but is a slowly growing part of their education. More literature is also needed on the topic. Successful fundraising is dependent on clear definition of fundraising goals, effective communicational and other interpersonal skills, continuing donor follow up and regular collaboration with development staff.Originality/valueLibrarians and archivists can apply to their own fundraising needs the experiences narrated in the case studies of two successful major fundraising efforts, utilizing a team‐based approach to raising major gifts from individual donors.
Sustainable development and sustainability as quasi‐objects of study in management
Authors: Balbinot Zandra , Borim‐De‐Souza Rafael 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose styles of reasoning for the characterization of sustainable development and sustainability as quasi‐objects of study for management.Design/methodology/approachThis proposition occurs in three primary dimensions: the first deals with ontological postures, the second with epistemological perspectives, and the third with supplementary conceptualizations (dominant paradigms, the meanings of sustainable development and sustainability, and the approaches to classifying sustainability).FindingsAfter the theoretical‐analytical discussion the authors present a framework that classifies different possibilities for framing sustainable development and sustainability as interesting research themes for management studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper considers that discussions about sustainable development and sustainability as concerns management studies need a deeper conceptual and theoretical scrutiny. This deficiency is expressed in the difficulty in identifying ontological postures, epistemological perspectives, dominant paradigms, and conceptual approaches that might allow these themes to have a greater coherence so that they may be researched within the scope of management studies.Originality/valueSustainable development and sustainability are discussed using various analytical perspectives, a consequence of the fact that these phenomena are understood and discussed by various social collectives, which contributes to an interpretive and conceptual oscillation of these themes for management. The relationship between sustainable development, sustainability, and social factions justifies their characterization as quasi‐objects of study for management. Via this characterization the authors intend to create a space for discussion aimed at presenting statements that are candidates for truth, but not as absolute or unquestionable truths.
Unrealistic optimism: what it is and how to deal with it
Authors: Coelho Marta 
Published: November 2013

PurposeUnrealistic optimism is a well‐documented psychological phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the meaning of being “unrealistically optimistic”. This bias has important implications in many economic and managerial contexts and the authors present evidence of it. Although the policy and welfare implications of such a widespread phenomenon are vast, they have been largely neglected by policy makers. The authors propose conservative paternalistic measures.Design/methodology/approachCritical review of existing literature on Unrealistic Optimism. Analyses of some relevant variables of the mortgage and corporate credit markets in Portugal and Spain.FindingsThe authors point to evidence and argue that Unrealistic Optimism may well have been at play in the recent behaviour of mortgage and corporate credit markets in Portugal and Spain.Practical implicationsBecause ignoring such biases may simply lead borrowers and financial institutions down a real road to ruin, it is important to discuss paternalistic policies that may mitigate them. The paper therefore presents a conservative approach to paternalistic measures that policy makers should consider adopting.Originality/valueThe paper shows the link between irrational behaviour and mortgage and corporate credit markets in Portugal and Spain and suggests paternalistic policies that should be encouraged.
Lessons from the modular organization of the transcriptional regulatory network of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Freyre-González Julio A , Manjarrez-Casas Alejandra M , Merino Enrique , Martinez-Nuñez Mario , Perez-Rueda Ernesto , Gutiérrez-Ríos Rosa-María 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level is a fundamental process in prokaryotes. Among the different kind of mechanisms modulating gene transcription, the one based on DNA binding transcription factors, is the most extensively studied and the results, for a great number of model organisms, have been compiled making it possible the in silico construction of their corresponding transcriptional regulatory networks and the analysis of the biological relationships of the components of these intricate networks, that allows to elucidate the significant aspects of their organization and evolution.

Results
We present a thorough review of each regulatory element that constitutes the transcriptional regulatory network of Bacillus subtilis. For facilitating the discussion, we organized the network in topological modules. Our study highlight the importance of σ factors, some of them acting as master regulators which characterize modules by inter- or intra-connecting them and play a key role in the cascades that define relevant cellular processes in this organism. We discussed that some particular functions were distributed in more than one module and that some modules contained more than one related function. We confirm that the presence of paralogous proteins confers advantages to B. subtilis to adapt and select strategies to successfully face the extreme and changing environmental conditions in which it lives.

Conclusions
The intricate organization is the product of a non-random network evolution that primarily follows a hierarchical organization based on the presence of transcription and σ factor, which is reflected in the connections that exist within and between modules.
Fractionated Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract Inhibit Prostate Cancer (PC3·AR) Cells Growth by Reducing Androgen Receptor and Survivin Levels
Authors: Ekunwe Stephen I.N. , Hall Sakeli M. , Luo Xuan , Wang Hengshan , Begonia Gregorio B. 
Published: November 2013

In this study, the antiproliferative activity of the organic solvent-soluble and aqueous extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaf against the prostate cancer cells PC3·AR were evaluated by their inhibitory effects on the Androgen Receptor (AR) and Survivin protein. Two organic solvent-soluble extracts P 2 and P3–2, and a water- soluble extract, PS/PT1, were found to reduce AR and Survivin levels in a time-dependent manner. In addition, extract PS/PT1, also exhibited the inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first time that the inhibitory eff ects of O. gratissimum extracts have been evaluated on the Androgen Receptor (AR) and Survivin protein. The results encouraged the further studies of O. gratissimum as a potential treatment of prostate cancer.
Effect of diets with different fat contents on the development of diabetes in female Zucker diabetic fatty rat with leptin mutation
Authors: Köhlerová Renata , Sznapková Martina , Slavkovský Rastislav , Jiroutová Alena 
Published: November 2013

The aim of the study was to develop a diet which causes stable hyperglycaemia and development of diabetes in female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. We also examined whether worsened wound healing is caused only by hyperglycaemia or whether it is caused by more factors. Four types of special diets with a different content of fat were fed to eight groups of 3–7 (fa/fa or fa/+) rats. The following diets were used: H1 (24.6% fat), H2 (33.2%), C13004 (25.6%), and St1 (3.4%). We detected significant diet-dependent changes of weight and concentration of glucose in animals with leptin mutation (fa/fa). All examined indicators were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in (fa/fa) animals compared to the fa/+ ones no matter what diet they ate. All diets with high-fat content caused increased glycaemia, but only the diet with 24.6% fat caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase of glycaemia. Our results have proved that this diet is the most suitable to invoke and keep hyperglycaemia. The diet with 25.6% fat is suitable to invoke stable slightly increased glycaemia (10 mmol/l) and hyperinsulinaemia. On the other hand, the diet with 33.2% fat is unsuitable. We did not observe a significant influence of diet on wound healing. We developed a new diet more suitable for induction of stable hyperglycaemia in female ZDF rats than commercially available mixtures. Our study is the first to present recommendations for adjusting a high-fat diet to produce stable hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in the rat model.
The relative reactivity of 2,3‐dicarbomethoxy‐5‐norbornenes in metathesis polymerization using the original n‐chelating ruthenium carbene complex
Authors: Ashirov R. V. , Zemlyakov D. , Lyapkov A. A. , Kiselev S. , Vervacke Dirk 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT1H NMR spectroscopy is used to study the kinetics of metathesis copolymerization of three isomeric 2,3‐dicarbomethoxy‐5‐norbornenes using the original N‐chelating ruthenium carbene complex. Based on the experimental data the copolymerization constants of isomeric 2,3‐dicarbomethoxy‐5‐norbornenes are calculated. It is shown that the relative reactivity of endic acid dimethyl ester—(1R,2S,3R,4S)‐dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate is almost two times lower than the corresponding values for (1R,2R,3S,4S)‐dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate, which confirms earlier findings of steric hindrance in the orientation of the monomer due to the carbene catalyst. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40130.