bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of alkaline and acidic electrolyzed water in the sterilization of chicken breasts and beef liver
Authors: Shimamura Yuko , Shinke Momoka , Hiraishi Miki , Tsuchiya Yusuke , Masuda Shuichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe sterilization effect of a combination treatment with alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) and strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW) on fresh chicken breasts and beef liver was evaluated. Samples (1, 5, and 10 g) were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis NBRC3313, Escherichia coli ATCC 10798, Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P, and S. aureus C‐29 [staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) productive strain] and subjected to a dipping combination treatment (4°C and 25°C for 3 min) with AlEW and StAEW. Combination treatment with AlEW and StAEW significantly reduced the bacteria, and reduction of more than 1 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/g was achieved. Furthermore, this combination treatment significantly decreased the SEA gene expression level in samples. Some quality variables of the meat samples such as pH, lipid oxidation, color, amino‐acid content, texture, and sensory characteristics showed no significant differences between the combination treatment with AlEW and StAEW and the untreated control.
Individualistic impact of unit operations of production, at household level, on some antinutritional factors in selected cowpea‐based food products
Authors: Bolade Mathew K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe individualistic effect of unit operations of production, at household level, on some antinutritional factors in selected cowpea‐based food products (moin‐moin, akara, and gbegiri) was investigated. Four cowpea types (IT93K‐452‐1, IT95K‐499s‐35, IT97K‐568‐18, and market sample) were used for the study, whereas the three traditional food products were produced from each of the cowpea types, respectively. The results revealed that every unit operation involved in the production of moin‐moin, akara or gbegiri contributed to the overall reduction of trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), phytic acid (PA), and tannin; though at varying degrees. In the production of moin‐moin, the major contributions to the overall reduction in TIA were from steaming (64.2–72.0%), second‐stage soaking (9.7–11.9%), and dehulling (9.4–10.2%). The contributions to the overall reduction in PA were from dehulling (34.0–40.4%), preliminary soaking (15.4–21.0%), and steaming (7.8–14.0%), whereas that of tannin were from dehulling (39.7–47.6%), steaming (19.6–24.7%), and preliminary soaking (9.8–15.9%). For akara production, the major contributions to TIA reduction were from deep frying (64.2–72.0%), second‐stage soaking (9.7–11.9%), and dehulling (9.4–10.2%). The PA reduction was from dehulling (34.0–40.4%), preliminary soaking (15.4–21.0%), and deep frying (9.6–15.9%), whereas that of tannin reduction was from dehulling (39.7–47.6%), deep frying (20.7–25.3%), and preliminary soaking (9.8–15.9%). In the production of gbegiri, the overall reduction in TIA was contributed from pressure cooking (79.0–84.8%), preliminary soaking (5.8–11.3%), and dehulling (9.4–10.2%). The reduction in PA was contributed by dehulling (34.0–40.4%), pressure cooking (24.7–35.0%), and preliminary soaking (15.4–21.0%), whereas the overall reduction in tannin content was similarly contributed by dehulling (39.7–47.6%), pressure cooking (29.8–34.4%), and preliminary soaking (9.8–15.9%).
Changes in flavor volatile composition of oolong tea after panning during tea processing
Authors: Sheibani Ershad , Duncan Susan E. , Kuhn David D. , Dietrich Andrea M. , Newkirk Jordan J. , O'Keefe Sean F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPanning is a processing step used in manufacturing of some varieties of oolong tea. There is limited information available on effects of panning on oolong tea flavors. The goal of this study was to determine effects of panning on flavor volatile compositions of oolong using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) and Gas Chromatography‐Olfactometry (GC‐O). SDE and SPME techniques were applied for extraction of volatiles in panned and unpanned teas. A total of 190 volatiles were identified from SDE and SPME extractions using GC‐MS and GC‐O. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in aldehyde or terpene contents of unpanned and panned tea. However, alcohols, ketones, acids and esters contents were significantly reduced by panning. Among 12 major volatiles previously used for identification and quality assessment of oolong tea, trans nerolidol, 2‐ hexenal, benzaldehyde, indole, gernaiol, and benzenacetaldehyde contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by panning. Panning increased (P < 0.05) contents of linalool oxide, cis jasmone, and methyl salicylate. The GC‐O study also showed an increase of aroma active compounds with sweet descriptions and decrease of aroma active compounds with fruity and smoky descriptions after panning. Panning significantly changes the volatile compositions of the tea and created new aroma active compounds. Results from this study can be used in quality assessment of panned oolong tea.
A study on sensory properties of sodium reduction and replacement in Asian food using difference‐from – control test
Authors: Leong Jasmine , Kasamatsu Chinatsu , Ong Evelyn , Hoi Jia Tse , Loong Mann Na 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examined the effects of sodium reduction and flavor enhancers on the sensory profile of two types of hawker foods commonly consumed in Singapore, namely chicken rice and mee soto broth. The ‘difference‐from‐control’ test was the method adopted in this study involving 24–29 trained panelists. Combinations included blind control, two levels of sodium reduction, and two levels of flavor enhancers in sodium‐reduced recipes. In the sodium‐reduced recipes, two levels of NaCl, 0.48% and 0.55%, for chicken rice, and 0.76% and 0.86% for mee soto (equivalent to 31% and 22% reduction in NaCl), were used. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) or Ajiplus® (a blend of MSG and nucleotides) at 0.20% and 0.40% were added to the recipes comprising a reduction of 40% in NaCl (equivalent to 31% and 22% reduction in sodium, respectively) compared with the control. It was found that the inclusion of MSG or Ajiplus® in 40% NaCl‐reduced recipe resulted in a significant increase in perception of umami taste (P < 0.05) when compared to the control. By adding flavor enhancers into the 40%‐reduced salt chicken rice recipes, the perception of saltiness was significantly increased when compared to 22% and 31% sodium reduced recipes. Similarly for mee soto broth, there was a significant increase in perception of chicken flavor, umami taste, mouthfeel sensation, and sweet taste (P < 0.05) with a decrease in the perception of sour and bitter taste when compared to control. By adding 0.40% MSG into the 40%‐reduced salt recipes, the perception of saltiness was maintained when compared with control.
Alpha and gamma oscillation amplitudes synergistically predict the perception of forthcoming nociceptive stimuli
Authors: Tu Yiheng , Zhang Zhiguo , Tan Ao , Peng Weiwei , Hung Yeung Sam , Moayedi Massieh , Iannetti Gian Domenico , Hu Li 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOngoing fluctuations of intrinsic cortical networks determine the dynamic state of the brain, and influence the perception of forthcoming sensory inputs. The functional state of these networks is defined by the amplitude and phase of ongoing oscillations of neuronal populations at different frequencies. The contribution of functionally different cortical networks has yet to be elucidated, and only a clear dependence of sensory perception on prestimulus alpha oscillations has been clearly identified. Here, we combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a large sample of healthy participants to investigate how ongoing fluctuations in the activity of different cortical networks affect the perception of subsequent nociceptive stimuli. We observed that prestimulus EEG oscillations in the alpha (at bilateral central regions) and gamma (at parietal regions) bands negatively modulated the perception of subsequent stimuli. Combining information about alpha and gamma oscillations predicted subsequent perception significantly more accurately than either measure alone. In a parallel experiment, we found that prestimulus fMRI activity also modulated the perception of subsequent stimuli: perceptual ratings were higher when the BOLD signal was higher in nodes of the sensorimotor network and lower in nodes of the default mode network. Similar to what observed in the EEG data, prediction accuracy was improved when the amplitude of prestimulus BOLD signals in both networks was combined. These findings provide a comprehensive physiological basis to the idea that dynamic changes in brain state determine forthcoming behavioral outcomes. Hum Brain Mapp 37:501–514, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of the number of transplanted cells with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 expression on the haematopoietic recovery and lymphocyte reconstitution in patients with multiple myeloma after autologous haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation
Authors: Kopinska Anna , Krawczyk‐Kulis Małgorzata , Dziaczkowska‐Suszek Joanna , Bieszczad Katarzyna , Jagoda Krystyna , Kyrcz‐Krzemien Slawomira 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAutologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) remains recommended treatment in the first remission in multiple myeloma (MM). In earlier research it has been suggested that there is an influence of the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (CD26) on both the homing and lymphocyte reconstitution after AHSCT. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of transplanted cells CD26+ on the haematopoietic recovery and lymphocyte reconstitution after AHSCT in MM. Forty eight patients with MM underwent AHSCT in our centre. Number of all CD26+ cells, CD26+ lymphocytes, CD26+ monocytes and CD26+ and CD34+ cells were measured in the harvested material. Number of lymphocyte's subpopulations (all lymphocytes CD3+, helpers, suppressors, natural killer (NK), cytotoxic NK and lymphocytes B) were measured in peripheral blood during regeneration after AHSCT. In both flow cytometry was used. On the basis of the analysis there was, as regards regeneration of haematopoietic cells after AHSCT, it was shown that a higher number of monocytes CD26+ improves the reconstitution of helper, suppressor and NK lymphocytes. A higher number of transplanted CD26+ lymphocytes accelerates the reconstitution of NK lymphocytes, whereas a higher number of all the cells CD26+ has a positive impact on the regeneration of cytotoxic NK lymphocytes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulating self‐selection into private health insurance in Chile and the United States
Authors: Vargas Bustamante Arturo , Méndez Claudio A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn the 1980s, Chile adopted a mixed (public and private) model for health insurance coverage similar to the one recently outlined by the Affordable Care Act in the United States (US). In such a system, a mix of public and private health plans offer nearly universal coverage using a combined approach of managed competition and subsidies for low‐income individuals. This paper uses a “most different” case study design to compare policies implemented in Chile and the US to address self‐selection into private insurance. We argue that the implementation of a mixed health insurance system in Chile without the appropriate regulations was complex, and it generated a series of inequities and perverse incentives. The comparison of Chile and the US healthcare reforms examines the different approaches that both countries have used to manage economic competition, address health insurance self‐selection and promote solidarity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipophilic bioactive compounds in the oils recovered from cereal by‐products
Authors: Górnaś Paweł , Rudzińska Magdalena , Raczyk Marianna , Soliven Arianne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe by‐products of seven different cereal grains were investigated as a source of extractable oil, rich in lipophilic bioactive compounds.RESULTSOil yields (g kg−1 DW) recovered from cereal by‐products were as follows: 189 (rice bran) > 112 (wheat germ) > 74 (corn bran) > 58 (oat bran) > 41 (buckwheat bran) > 39 (spelt bran) > 33 (wheat bran) > 27 (rye bran). The main fatty acids identified in the studied oil samples were palmitic acid (11.39–17.23%), oleic acid (11.76–42.73%), linoleic acid (35.54–62.65%) and α‐linolenic acid (1.05–9.46%). The range of total tocochromanols and phytosterols in the obtained oils was 0.369–3.763 and 1.19–35.24 g kg−1 of oil, respectively. The oils recovered from buckwheat and corn bran, and wheat germ were dominated by tocopherols (99.9, 84.2 and 96.5%, respectively), whereas the oat, rice, rye, spelt, wheat bran oils were rich in tocotrienols (73.9, 79.6, 78.1, 90.6 and 73.8%, respectively). The campesterol and β‐sitosterol constituted 10.1–32.5 and 30.4–63.7%, respectively, of total phytosterols contents identified in all of the studied samples.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that oils recovered from the cereal by‐products are richer sources of bioactive compounds, compared with traditional oils. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Metal Laser Melting
Authors: Hartmann‐H'Lawatscheck Tina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMetal laser melting is enjoying growing interest. The process has made the leap from being used for rapid prototyping to developing into a recognised manufacturing technology. In the past, it was primarily used to produce prototypes but today, additive manufacturing is used in many industries for (small and medium) series manufacturing. Toolcraft is offering completely new possibilities in metal laser melting that are extremely cost‐effective. The additive manufacturing process built up a workpiece layer by layer, as the laser melts the material concerned in powdered form. This procedure is therefore characteristically different from turning and milling, which are known as subtractive methods. With these methods, the part is produced by the removal of material. In the innova­tive process, the design data for the manufacture of the part is divided into cross sections and then formed on top of one another during the melting process. The part is thus literally built up in a ‘3D’ way.
Orbital Laser Manufacturing
Authors: Deininger Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor many types of work pieces, a laser processing alongside the circumference of the work piece has to be carried out in mass production. Elongated work pieces with a 3D shape or even endless and continuously produced work pieces like tubes and profiles are hard to handle with respect to a static laser beam, because they either cannot be rotated at all or they are too complex and bulky to be handled at all.
Mapping the near fields of plasmonic nanoantennas by scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy
Authors: Neuman Tomáš , Alonso‐González Pablo , Garcia‐Etxarri Aitzol , Schnell Martin , Hillenbrand Rainer , Aizpurua Javier 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNear‐field optical microscopy techniques provide information on the amplitude and phase of local fields in samples of interest in nanooptics. However, the information on the near field is typically obtained by converting it into propagating far fields where the signal is detected. This is the case, for instance, in polarization‐resolved scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM), where a sharp dielectric tip scatters the local near field off the antenna to the far field. Up to now, basic models have interpreted S‐ and P‐polarized maps obtained in s‐SNOM as directly proportional to the in‐plane ( or ) and out‐of‐plane () near‐field components of the antenna, respectively, at the position of the probing tip. Here, a novel model that includes the multiple‐scattering process of the probing tip and the nanoantenna is developed, with use of the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetism. This novel theoretical framework provides new insights into the interpretation of s‐SNOM near‐field maps: the model reveals that the fields detected by polarization‐resolved interferometric s‐SNOM do not correlate with a single component of the local near field, but rather with a complex combination of the different local near‐field components at each point (, and ). Furthermore, depending on the detection scheme (S‐ or P‐polarization), a different scaling of the scattered fields as a function of the local near‐field enhancement is obtained. The theoretical findings are corroborated by s‐SNOM experiments which map the near field of linear and gap plasmonic antennas. This new interpretation of nanoantenna s‐SNOM maps as a complex‐valued combination of vectorial local near fields is crucial to correctly understand scattering‐type near‐field microscopy measurements as well as to interpret the signals obtained in field‐enhanced spectroscopy.
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Hours Aren't Enough
Authors: Brudney Jeffrey L. , Russell Allison R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch on community‐engaged learning tends to view this activity primarily, if not exclusively, from the vantage point of its benefits and challenges for students and educational institutions. Nevertheless, at least one other major actor is involved in this activity: the community. Neglect of the community perspective diminishes the overall value of student engagement. In this article we address this oversight by presenting new methodologies for valuing student engagement that take into account the community perspective. We argue that these approaches, which have their roots in the valuation of volunteer contributions to work organizations, can be extended fruitfully to the valuation of community‐engaged learning projects in institutions of higher learning. We recommend that application of these methodologies become an accepted part of the duties of university offices responsible for student engagement, and that researchers and practitioners continue to investigate more fully the value of engaged learning projects for the community.
Measuring breath acetone for monitoring fat loss: Review
Authors: Anderson Joseph C. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveEndogenous acetone production is a by‐product of the fat metabolism process. Because of its small size, acetone appears in exhaled breath. Historically, endogenous acetone has been measured in exhaled breath to monitor ketosis in healthy and diabetic subjects. Recently, breath acetone concentration (BrAce) has been shown to correlate with the rate of fat loss in healthy individuals. In this review, the measurement of breath acetone in healthy subjects is evaluated for its utility in predicting fat loss and its sensitivity to changes in physiologic parameters.ResultsBrAce can range from 1 ppm in healthy non‐dieting subjects to 1,250 ppm in diabetic ketoacidosis. A strong correlation exists between increased BrAce and the rate of fat loss. Multiple metabolic and respiratory factors affect the measurement of BrAce. BrAce is most affected by changes in the following factors (in descending order): dietary macronutrient composition, caloric restriction, exercise, pulmonary factors, and other assorted factors that increase fat metabolism or inhibit acetone metabolism. Pulmonary factors affecting acetone exchange in the lung should be controlled to optimize the breath sample for measurement.ConclusionsWhen biologic factors are controlled, BrAce measurement provides a non‐invasive tool for monitoring the rate of fat loss in healthy subjects.
Disconnect between adipose tissue inflammation and cardiometabolic dysfunction in Ossabaw pigs
Authors: Vieira‐Potter Victoria J. , Lee Sewon , Bayless David S. , Scroggins Rebecca J. , Welly Rebecca J. , Fleming Nicholas J. , Smith Thomas N. , Meers Grace M. , Hill Michael A. , Rector R. Scott , Padilla Jaume 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe Ossabaw pig is emerging as an attractive model of human cardiometabolic disease because of its size and susceptibility to atherosclerosis, among other characteristics. The relationship between adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in this model was investigated here.MethodsYoung female Ossabaw pigs were fed a Western‐style high‐fat diet (HFD) (n = 4) or control low‐fat diet (LFD) (n = 4) for a period of 9 months and compared for cardiometabolic outcomes and adipose tissue inflammation.ResultsThe HFD‐fed “OBESE” pigs were 2.5 times heavier (P < 0.001) than LFD‐fed “LEAN” pigs and developed severe obesity. HFD feeding caused pronounced dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (systemic and adipose), as well as induction of inflammatory genes, impairments in vasomotor reactivity to insulin, and atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Remarkably, visceral, subcutaneous, and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation (via FACS analysis and RT‐PCR) was not increased in OBESE pigs, nor were circulating inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsThese findings reveal a disconnect between adipose tissue inflammation and cardiometabolic dysfunction induced by Western diet feeding in the Ossabaw pig model.
Gut colonization with methanobrevibacter smithii is associated with childhood weight development
Authors: Mbakwa Catherine A. , Penders John , Savelkoul Paul H. , Thijs Carel , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Mommers Monique , Arts Ilja C.W. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate the presence and counts of archaea in feces of 472 children in association with weight development from 6 to 10 years of age.MethodsWithin the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, a single fecal sample from each child was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify archaea (Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanosphera stadtmanae). Anthropometric outcomes (overweight [body mass index {BMI} ≥ 85th percentile], age‐ and sex‐standardized BMI, weight, and height z‐scores) were repeatedly measured at ages (mean ± SD) of 6.2 ± 0.5, 6.8 ± 0.5, 7.8 ± 0.5, and 8.8 ± 0.5 years. Generalized estimating equation was used for statistical analysis while controlling for confounders.ResultsMethanobrevibacter smithii colonization was associated with an increased risk of overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96‐7.54) from 6 to 10 years of age. Children with high levels (>7 log10 copies/g feces) of this archaeon were at highest risk for overweight (OR = 3.27; 95% CI 1.09‐9.83). Moreover, M. smithii colonization was associated with higher weight z‐scores (adj. β 0.18; 95% CI 0.00‐0.36), but not with height. For BMI z‐scores, the interaction (P = 0.008) between M. smithii and age was statistically significant, implying children colonized with M. smithii had increasing BMI z‐scores with age.ConclusionsPresence and higher counts of M. smithii in the gut of children are associated with higher weight z‐scores, higher BMI z‐scores, and overweight.