bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating toxicity of heavy fuel oil fractions using complementary modeling and biomimetic extraction methods
Authors: Redman Aaron D. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Letinski Daniel J. , Manning Ryan G. , Adams Julie E. , Hodson Peter V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

The toxicity of chemically dispersed heavy fuel oil (HFO) and 3 distillate fractions to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos was evaluated using the PETROTOX model and a biomimetic extraction technique that involved passive sampling of oil-contaminated test media with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Test solutions for toxicity testing were generated using a combination of dispersant and high-energy mixing. The resulting water accommodated fractions (WAF) provided complex exposure regimens that included both dissolved hydrocarbons and oil droplets. The toxicity of the various fractions differed by approximately 3 orders of magnitude when expressed on the basis of WAF dilution. Using detailed compositional data, the PETROTOX model predicted the speciation of hydrocarbons between dissolved and oil droplet phases and explained observed toxicity based on computed dissolved phase toxic units (TUs). A key finding from model calculations was that dissolved hydrocarbon exposures and associated TUs were a nonlinear function of WAF dilution, because dissolved hydrocarbons were largely controlled by the dissolution of oil droplets that were transferred in WAF dilutions. Hence, oil droplets served to “buffer” dissolved concentrations in WAF dilutions at loadings greater than 1 mg/L, resulting in higher dissolved concentrations and TUs than expected based on dilution. The TUs computed at each WAF dilution explained the observed toxicity among the HFO and fractions to within a factor of 3. Dissolved material measured by SPME showed a consistent relationship with model-predicted TUs, confirming the utility of this approach for providing an integrated measure of exposure to bioavailable hydrocarbons. These 2 approaches provide complementary tools for better defining bioavailability of complex petroleum substance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2094–2104. © 2014 SETAC
The Basic Helix‐Loop‐Helix/Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor USF2 Integrates Serum‐Induced PAI‐1 Expression and Keratinocyte Growth
Authors: Qi Li , Higgins Craig E. , Higgins Stephen P. , Law Brian K. , Simone Tessa M. , Higgins Paul J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPlasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 (PAI‐1), a major regulator of the plasmin‐dependent pericellular proteolytic cascade, is prominently expressed during the tissue response to injury although the factors that impact PAI‐1 induction and their role in the repair process are unclear. Kinetic modeling using established biomarkers of cell cycle transit (c‐MYC; cyclin D1; cyclin A) in synchronized human (HaCaT) keratinocytes, and previous cytometric assessments, indicated that PAI‐1 transcription occurred early after serum‐stimulation of quiescent (G0) cells and prior to G1 entry. It was established previously that differential residence of USF family members (USF1→USF2 switch) at the PE2 region E box (CACGTG) characterized the G0 → G1 transition period and the transcriptional status of the PAI‐1 gene. A consensus PE2 E box motif (5′‐CACGTG‐3′) at nucleotides −566 to −561 was required for USF/E box interactions and serum‐dependent PAI‐1 transcription. Site‐directed CG → AT substitution at the two central nucleotides inhibited formation of USF/probe complexes and PAI‐1 promoter‐driven reporter expression. A dominant‐negative USF (A‐USF) construct or double‐stranded PE2 “decoy” attenuated serum‐ and TGF‐β1‐stimulated PAI‐1 synthesis. Tet‐Off induction of an A‐USF insert reduced both PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 transcripts while increasing the fraction of Ki‐67+ cells. Conversely, overexpression of USF2 or adenoviral‐delivery of a PAI‐1 vector inhibited HaCaT colony expansion indicating that the USF1 → USF2 transition and subsequent PAI‐1 transcription are critical events in the epithelial go‐or‐grow response. Collectively, these data suggest that USF2, and its target gene PAI‐1, regulate serum‐stimulated keratinocyte growth, and likely the cadence of cell cycle progression in replicatively competent cells as part of the injury repair program. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1840–1847, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized, double blinded, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in Chinese patients with hyponatremia caused by SIADH
Authors: Chen Shi , Zhao Jia‐Jun , Tong Nan‐Wei , Guo Xiao‐Hui , Qiu Ming‐Cai , Yang Gang‐Yi , Liu Zhi‐Min , Ma Jian‐Hua , Zhang Zhen‐Wen , Gu Feng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo study the effect of tolvaptan on non‐acute, non‐hypovolemic hyponatremia in inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) syndrome in Chinese patients. Hyponatremic SIADH patients received placebo (N = 18) or tolvaptan (N = 19) at an initial dose of 15 mg/day with further titration to 30 mg/day and 60 mg/day based on serum sodium concentrations. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Primary endpoint was the change of the serum sodium from baseline to days 4 and 7. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for statistical analysis. At day 4, average daily changes in serum sodium levels from baseline was 1.9 ± 2.9 mmol/L (1.9 ± 2.9 mEq/L) in the placebo group and 8.1 ± 3.6 mmol/L (8.1 ± 3.6 mEq/L) in the tolvaptan group; at day 7, the values were 2.5 ± 3.9 mmol/L (2.5 ± 3.9 mEq/L) and 8.6 ± 3.9 mmol/L (8.6 ± 3.9 mmEq/L) for the placebo and tolvaptan groups (ANCOVA, P < 0.001). At days 4 and 7, daily urine output and proportions of patients with normalized serum sodium were significantly superior in the tolvaptan group. The most common adverse events occurring in the tolvaptan group were dry mouth and thirst. Tolvaptan demonstrated superiority to placebo in the treatment of Chinese SIADH patients with hyponatremia by elevating serum sodium concentration with acceptable safety profile.
The evolutionary origin of the turtle shell and its dependence on the axial arrest of the embryonic rib cage
Authors: Hirasawa Tatsuya , Pascual‐Anaya Juan , Kamezaki Naoki , Taniguchi Mari , Mine Kanako , Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTTurtles are characterized by their possession of a shell with dorsal and ventral moieties: the carapace and the plastron, respectively. In this review, we try to provide answers to the question of the evolutionary origin of the carapace, by revising morphological, developmental, and paleontological comparative analyses. The turtle carapace is formed through modification of the thoracic ribs and vertebrae, which undergo extensive ossification to form a solid bony structure. Except for peripheral dermal elements, there are no signs of exoskeletal components ontogenetically added to the costal and neural bones, and thus the carapace is predominantly of endoskeletal nature. Due to the axial arrest of turtle rib growth, the axial part of the embryo expands laterally and the shoulder girdle becomes encapsulated in the rib cage, together with the inward folding of the lateral body wall in the late phase of embryogenesis. Along the line of this folding develops a ridge called the carapacial ridge (CR), a turtle‐specific embryonic structure. The CR functions in the marginal growth of the carapacial primordium, in which Wnt signaling pathway might play a crucial role. Both paleontological and genomic evidence suggest that the axial arrest is the first step toward acquisition of the turtle body plan, which is estimated to have taken place after the divergence of a clade including turtles from archosaurs. The developmental relationship between the CR and the axial arrest remains a central issue to be solved in future. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 194–207, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unravelling Crime Series Patterns amongst Serial Sex Offenders: Duration, Frequency, and Environmental Consistency
Authors: Deslauriers‐Varin Nadine , Beauregard Eric 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCrime linkage and the investigation of behavioural consistency amongst serial offenders has been a flourishing field of research over the past decade or so, especially with respect to serial sex offenders. The emerging research in this field has often portrayed serial sex offenders as a single, distinct, and homogeneous group. Such an assumption, however, has never been empirically examined. Using a criminal career approach and a sample of 72 serial sex offenders who have committed a total of 361 sexual assaults on stranger victims, the current study aims to examine and describe subgroups of crime series patterns amongst serial sex offenders in terms of duration and frequency of offending. The level of environmental consistency display (i.e. offender's choice of crime location and characteristics of the crime site selected) across subgroups of crime series patterns is also examined. Study findings suggest the presence and heterogeneity of crime series patterns amongst serial sex offenders, advocating for the consideration of subgroups of crime series patterns when studying serial sex offenders. Moreover, the offenders' level of environmental consistency varies across the different crime series patterns identified, allowing for the identification of subgroups of offenders showing a higher or lower level of environmental consistency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a new staging classification and a Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS) in 229 patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with or without peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Esquivel Jesus , Garcia Susana Sanchez , Hicken Willima , Seibel Jeffrey , Shekitka Kris , Trout Richard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionMost classifications of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (MAN) do not take into consideration the type of primary tumor or the burden of peritoneal disease.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective evaluation of 229 patients with MAN. The severity of their disease was analyzed with the Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS) on a five‐point scale that included: (1) the primary appendiceal tumor, (2) the type of peritoneal dissemination, and (3) the burden of disease. Overall survival was analyzed according to five tiers of estimated disease severity based on the above parameters.ResultsThere were 19, 67, 59, 43, and 41 patients with PSDSS 0, I, II, III, and IV, respectively. One hundred seventy‐three patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Overall survival was 80.0 months in this group with 5‐year survival of 100%, 79.2%, 23.3%, and 6.9% in patients with PSDSS I, II, III, and IV, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, sex and PSDSS stage were identified as independent predictors of survival.ConclusionsThe PSDSS appears to be an important prognostic indicator in patients with MANs with or without peritoneal dissemination and may improve selection of patients for appropriate therapy from the time of diagnosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:656–660. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solved and Unsolved Problems of Chemoinformatics
Authors: Gasteiger Johann 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFrom humble beginnings in the Sixties chemoinformatics evolved into a scientific field of its own. Without the achievements of chemoinformatics the flood of information in chemistry would simply not be manageable and modern research in chemistry and related fields would be inconceivable. However, there are still a host of problems waiting for solutions to be found or to be improved. The impact of chemicals on human health and on the environment presents both challenges and concerns. Research in chemoinformatics could help in better understanding these topics and thus contribute to a better living.
Zwischen Europa und Asien
Authors: Uhle Bente 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIm September veranstaltet die Euchems in Istanbul ihren fünften Chemistry Congress. Die Ausrichter bieten unter der wissenschaftlichen Leitung von Helena Grennberg neben den Vorträgen und Gelegenheiten zum persönlichen Gespräch kulturelle Aktivitäten zwischen den Kontinenten. Tipps und Fakten für Besucher.
Proteine aus der Urzeit des Lebens
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractForscher rekonstruieren inzwischen Proteine des letzten gemeinsamen Vorfahren aller zellulären Lebewesen. Dafür extrapolieren sie molekulargenetische Stammbäume in der Zeit zurück. Die Untersuchung natürlicher Urzeitproteine aus Fossilien funktioniert noch nicht so gut.
Die richtige Software für die Qualitätssicherung im Labor
Authors: Klinkner Roman 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEin Labor braucht in der Regel eine Qualitätsmanagementsoftware. Ob das Laborinformations‐ und ‐managementsystem ausreicht oder rechnergestützte Qualitätssicherung erforderlich ist, hängt von der Art und Größe des Labors, seinen Aufgaben und seiner Umgebung ab.
Multi‐granular, multi‐purpose and multi‐Gb/s monitoring on off‐the‐shelf systems
Authors: Moreno Victor , Santiago del Río Pedro M. , Ramos Javier , Muelas David , García‐Dorado José Luis , Gomez‐Arribas Francisco J. , Aracil Javier 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYAs an attempt to make network managers’ life easier, we present M3Omon, a system architecture that helps to develop monitoring applications and perform network diagnosis. M3Omon behaves as an intermediate layer between the traffic and monitoring applications that provides advanced features, high performance and low cost. Such advanced features leverage a multi‐granular and multi‐purpose approach to the monitoring problem. Multi‐granular monitoring provides answers to tasks that use traffic aggregates to identify an event, and requires either flow records or packet data or even both to understand it and, eventually, take convenient countermeasures. M3Omon provides a simple API to access traffic simultaneously at several different granularities, i.e. packet‐level, flow‐level and aggregate statistics. The multi‐purposed design of M3Omon allows not only performing tasks in parallel that are specifically targeted to different traffic‐related purposes (e.g. traffic classification and intrusion detection) but also sharing granularities between applications, e.g. several concurrent applications fed from flow records that are provided by M3Omon. Finally, the low‐cost characteristic is brought by off‐the‐shelf systems (the combination of open‐source software and commodity hardware) and the high performance is achieved thanks to modifications in the standard NIC driver, low‐level hardware interaction, efficient memory management and programming optimization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Cardiovascular Credentialed Pharmacists on Process Measures and Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Authors: Dorsch Michael P. , Lose Jennifer M. , DiDomenico Robert J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if institutions with inpatient cardiovascular credentialed pharmacists exhibit improved quality measures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) care compared with institutions without inpatient cardiovascular credentialed pharmacists.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective, cross‐sectional, matched case‐control study. Hospitals with at least one Added Qualification in Cardiology (AQCV) inpatient pharmacist were included in the case group. Each case group hospital was matched to hospitals without anAQCVpharmacist by region, number of cardiovascular discharges, and teaching hospital designation in a 1:3 ratio (case:control). The 34AQCVhospitals were matched to 102 non‐AQCVhospitals. The proportions of discharges meetingHFandAMIprocess of care measures and 30‐day outcomes (readmission and mortality) for each hospital were determined from public data and compared between the case and control groups.ResultsHospitals withAQCVpharmacists performed better on process of care measures than hospitals withoutAQCVpharmacists (odds ratio1.41, 95%confidence interval1.25–1.58, p<0.0001, p<0.001 for heterogeneity), which was mainly driven by the aspirin on discharge forAMIand angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker on discharge forHFmeasures. No differences were observed between the groups for either readmission or mortality at 30 days.ConclusionsHospitals that used inpatientAQCVpharmacists performed better on process of care measures than hospitals that do not use inpatientAQCVpharmacists. However, improvements in process of care performance measures observed inAQCVhospitals did not translate into improved 30‐day clinical outcomes.
Wet‐milled anatase titanium oxide nanoparticles as a buffer layer for air‐stable bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Huang Jen‐Hsien , Ibrahem Mohammed Aziz , Chu Chih‐Wei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, an air‐stable bulk heterojunction organic solar cell demonstrated by utilization of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as a hole blocking layer was prepared through high‐energy grinding method. The large clumps of the anatase TiO2 underwent deaggregation to form a stable dispersed solution during the grinding process. The resultant suspension can form a uniform and smooth TiO2 film through spin coating on various substrates. Because of substantial oxygen and water protection effect of TiO2 thin film, the bulk heterojunction solar cells exhibit a significant long‐term stability. It is also found that the cell performance can be promoted dramatically after ultraviolet activation. The mechanism responsible for the enhanced cell efficiency was also investigated. This solution‐based method does not require surfactants, thus preserving the intrinsic electronic and optical properties of TiO2 that makes these proposed buffer layers quite attractive for next‐generation flexible devices appealing high conductivity and transparency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of nematic liquid crystalline phase in a polyfluorene‐based organic semiconductor: A high pressure study
Authors: Guha Suchismita , Knaapila Matti , Moghe Dhanashree , Konôpková Zuzana , Torkkeli Mika , Fritsch Martin , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of high pressure on a low molecular weight nematic liquid crystalline organic semiconductor, ethyl‐hexyl substituted polyfluorene (PF2/6) is investigated using photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering, and X‐ray scattering studies at pressures from 1 to 8 GPa. The PL and the Raman data under pressure are consistent with each other with no abrupt changes in the pressure coefficients of PL or Raman peaks. The PL energies redshift and broaden, consistent with both enhanced intra‐ and interchain interactions. The Raman peak positions yield pressure coefficients similar to other phenyl based π‐conjugated polymers. The broadening of a doublet peak in the 1135 cm−1 region indicates a more planar backbone conformation with increasing pressure. X‐ray scattering indicates that the torsion angle between adjacent repeats reduces with increasing pressure and reverts back with decompression. The intermolecular structure is weakly ordered (frozen nematic) and essentially maintained with increasing pressure, in contrast to a high molecular weight PF2/6. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1014–1023
Polyenylcyclopropane carboxylic esters with high insecticidal activity
Authors: Ferroni Claudia , Bassetti Lucio , Borzatta Valerio , Capparella Elisa , Gobbi Carlotta , Guerrini Alberto , Varchi Greta 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrum. These molecules are widely used in agriculture for ant, fly and mosquito control and for lawn and garden care. Pyrethroids are the optically active esters of 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐methylpropenyl)‐cyclopropane carboxylic acid, also known as chrysanthemic acid. However, their intense use has resulted in the development of resistance in many insect species. Herein, specific structural modifications of the pyrethroid scaffold and their effect on insecticidal activity, especially on resistant pests strains, are reported.RESULTSThe exposure to (1R)‐trans‐(E/Z)‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzyl‐3‐(buta‐1,3‐dienyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate and its diastereomers produced 100% mortality in yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), house mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) and houseflies (Musca domestica). Moreover, this compound provided complete knockdown within 15 min of exposure against cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and maintained an excellent knockdown activity at 10 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONNovel pyrethroid derivatives obtained from 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐methylpropenyl)‐cyclopropanecarboxylic acid are described. These derivatives display high insecticidal activity, a wide spectrum of action and no toxicity towards mammalians. The proposed synthetic procedures are highly efficient and inexpensive, and therefore suitable for industrial scale‐up. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The Lived Experiences of Migrants in Detention
Authors: Lietaert Ine , Broekaert Eric , Derluyn Ilse 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe detention and deportation of (undocumented) non‐citizens has become one of the political priorities in the realisation of states' internal migration control. The increase in detention and deportation of migrants raises questions about these practices' implicit functions and their impact on the migrants subjected to detention. This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the contemporary expansion of immigration detention by focusing on detained migrants' lived experiences and perspectives on detention practices. On the basis of interviews with 31 detainees in Belgian detention centres, we explore how migrants' self‐perceptions relate to current legal and societal discourses. By referring to their connections with the host country through material, familial or emotional ties, the interviewees strongly oppose their detention and upcoming deportation. Thereby, they bring the (contested) experience of belonging firmly to the centre of this paper, referring to the connection between ‘body’ and ‘place’. They also point to the large and growing gap between their lived experiences on the one hand and the realities and political discourses of (legal) belonging on the other. In addition, detainees' lived experiences shed light onto the burden and consequences of lacking citizenship, and, simultaneously, demonstrate how individuals try to assert alternative, identity‐based claims, and/or deny – or at least avoid – the idea of deportation. We hereby hypothesise that this denial, as also the growing gap between detainees' own perspectives and policy and public discourses might have a major impact on migrants' wellbeing and their reintegration processes back ‘home’. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural optimization of grading rings on composite insulators on 500‐kV compact transmission lines
Authors: Xie Tianxi , Peng Zongren , Zhou Zhicheng , Tao Fengbo , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSerious corona discharges occur on some grading rings of 500‐kV compact transmission lines in China owing to defects in the structural design. The noise of the corona is heard clearly even 50 m away from the tower. In order to solve this problem, we have optimized the structure of the grading rings to suppress the corona. In this study, the grading rings that had serious corona discharges were identified and observed with an ultraviolet imager (UVI), and the electric field (E‐field) distributions of the grading rings were calculated by means of the three‐dimensional finite element method. Based on an analysis of the areas on the grading ring where excessive high E‐field magnitudes were observed, we optimized the structures of the grading rings to improve the field distributions on their surfaces. Based on the optimization suggestions, new grading rings were manufactured to replace the old ones. UVI observations showed that the new grading rings could effectively prevent the occurrence of corona discharge. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.