bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging predictors of poststroke depression: methodological factors in voxel-based analysis
Authors: Gozzi Sophia A , Wood Amanda G , Chen Jian , Vaddadi Krishnarao , Phan Thanh G 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lesion location and poststroke depression using statistical parametric mapping.MethodsFirst episode patients with stroke were assessed within 12 days and at 1-month poststroke. Patients with an a priori defined cut-off score of 11 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at follow-up were further assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to confirm a clinical diagnosis of major or minor depression in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) inclusion criteria. Participants were included if they were aged 18–85 years, proficient in English and eligible for MRI. Patients were excluded if they had a confounding diagnosis such as major depressive disorder at the time of admission, a neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy or an imminently life-threatening comorbid illness, subarachnoid or subdural stroke, a second episode of stroke before follow-up and/or a serious impairment of consciousness or language. Infarcts observed on MRI scans were manually segmented into binary images, linearly registered into a common stereotaxic coordinate space. Using statistical parametric mapping, we compared infarct patterns in patients with stroke with and without depression.Results27% (15/55 patients) met criteria for depression at follow-up. Mean infarct volume was 19±53 mL and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at Time 1 (within 12 days of stroke) was 4±4, indicating a sample of mild strokes. No voxels or clusters were significant after a multiple comparison correction was applied (p>0.05). Examination of infarct maps showed that there was minimal overlap of infarct location between patients, thus invalidating the voxel comparison analysis.ConclusionsThis study provided inconclusive evidence for the association between infarcts in a specific region and poststroke depression.
Orographic Wave Drag over the Southern Ocean: A Linear Theory Perspective
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Reinecke Alex , Doyle James D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that stratospheric wind biases in global and climate models in the Southern Hemisphere may result from insufficient orographic wave drag, particularly over the Southern Ocean in the latitude belt centered near 60°S. In this study, contributions to the stratospheric wave drag along 60°S from three neighboring orographic wave sources are evaluated using a multiple-layer linear wave model with large-scale wind and stratification profiles derived from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) between the years 1991 and 2010. The orographic wave sources include the Patagonian peaks in the southern Andes, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the island of South Georgia. The climatological and dynamical aspects of the wave drag and its dependence on tropospheric winds are investigated.
The results suggest that these orographic wave sources may have significant contributions to the stratospheric drag over the Southern Ocean through meridional spreading of the wave momentum flux aloft associated with three-dimensional wave propagation. Among the three locations considered, the wave drag from the Antarctic Peninsula is substantially larger than that from Patagonia and nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that from South Georgia island. The orographic wave drag is in general proportional to the westerly component of the surface winds and becomes virtually zero when the surface winds have an easterly component, associated with critical level absorption between the tropospheric easterlies and prevailing westerlies in the stratosphere. The derived wave drag exhibits substantial temporal variations, including synoptic-scale, month-to-month, and interannual variations.
Patient attitudes regarding the role of the pharmacist and interest in expanded pharmacist services
Authors: Kelly Deborah V. , Young Stephanie , Phillips Leslie , Clark Deidre 
Published: July 2014

Background: Pharmacists are consistently ranked among the most trusted professionals, and research shows high levels of satisfaction with pharmacist services. Studies have also shown that the public is generally unaware of the full range of roles and responsibilities of a pharmacist. The purpose of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the role of the community pharmacist and to determine their likelihood of using expanded pharmacist services. Methods: Adults across Newfoundland and Labrador were surveyed by telephone. Survey questions addressed how frequently participants visited the pharmacy, understanding of duties undertaken by pharmacists, perceptions and attitudes regarding pharmacists as health care professionals, likelihood of using expanded pharmacist services and participant demographics. Comparisons were made between responses from urban and rural participants and frequent versus nonfrequent pharmacy users, to determine if there were any differences. Results: The majority of participants were generally aware of what pharmacists do when filling prescriptions; those who visited the pharmacy more frequently appeared to be more informed. Participants indicated they would take advantage of the expanded services suggested, with greatest interest in receiving advice for minor ailment management and prescription refills from pharmacists. Results support the prevailing view that pharmacists are trusted health professionals who should have access to patients’ health information to provide best care. Conclusion: The public is aware of aspects of the pharmacist’s role, but opportunities exist to better educate the public on the knowledge, skills and unique professional abilities of pharmacists to support uptake of expanded pharmacist services.
Vasectomy and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Siddiqui Mohummad Minhaj , Wilson Kathryn M. , Epstein Mara M. , Rider Jennifer R. , Martin Neil E. , Stampfer Meir J. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeConflicting reports remain regarding the association between vasectomy, a common form of male contraception in the United States, and prostate cancer risk. We examined prospectively this association with extended follow-up and an emphasis on advanced and lethal disease.Patients and MethodsAmong 49,405 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, age 40 to 75 years at baseline in 1986, 6,023 patients with prostate cancer were diagnosed during the follow-up to 2010, including 811 lethal cases. In total, 12,321 men (25%) had vasectomies. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs of total, advanced, high-grade, and lethal disease, with adjustment for a variety of possible confounders.ResultsVasectomy was associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer overall (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17). Risk was elevated for high-grade (Gleason score 8 to 10; RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.45) and lethal disease (death or distant metastasis; RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.43). Among a subcohort of men receiving regular prostate-specific antigen screening, the association with lethal cancer was stronger (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.36). Vasectomy was not associated with the risk of low-grade or localized disease. Additional analyses suggested that the associations were not driven by differences in sex hormone levels, sexually transmitted infections, or cancer treatment.ConclusionOur data support the hypothesis that vasectomy is associated with a modest increased incidence of lethal prostate cancer. The results do not appear to be due to detection bias, and confounding by infections or cancer treatment is unlikely.
Analysis of β-Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetes by Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Usmani-Brown Sahar , Lebastchi Jasmin , Steck Andrea K. , Beam Craig , Herold Kevan C. , Ledizet Michel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other forms of diabetes are due to the killing of β-cells. However, the loss of β-cells has only been assessed by functional studies with a liquid meal or glucose that can be affected by environmental factors. As an indirect measure of β-cell death, we developed an assay using a novel droplet digital PCR that detects INS DNA derived from β-cells. The release of INS DNA with epigenetic modifications (unmethylated CpG) identifies the β-cellular source of the DNA. The assay can detect unmethylated DNA between a range of approximately 600 copies/μL and 0.7 copies/μL, with a regression coefficient for the log transformed copy number of 0.99. The assay was specific for unmethylated INS DNA in mixtures with methylated INS DNA. We analyzed the levels of unmethylated INS DNA in patients with recent onset T1D and normoglycemia subjects at high risk for disease and found increased levels of unmethylated INS DNA compared with nondiabetic control subjects (P &lt; .0001). More than one-third of T1D patients and one-half of at-risk subjects had levels that were more than 2 SD than the mean of nondiabetic control subjects. We conclude that droplet digital PCR is a useful method to detect β-cell death and is more specific and feasible than other methods, such as nested real-time PCR. This new method may be a valuable tool for analyzing pathogenic mechanisms and the effects of treatments in all forms of diabetes.
Alfabetización Estadística en los Centros de Formación Docente. Una Experiencia Realizada en la Cátedra de Matemática y su Enseñanza en el Profesorado de Educación Inicial
Authors: Cabrera Gabriela Pilar 
Published: July 2014

Se presenta una propuesta didáctica para abordar la alfabetización estadística en los centros de formación docente. Esta experiencia se desarrolla en los IFD: “Instituto Nuestra Madre de Merced” de Córdoba Capital y “Adoratrices” de Villa del Rosario, en la cátedra de Matemática y su Enseñanza I del profesorado en Educación Inicial, durante el año 2007. Se parte de la idea de que se hace imprescindible que las alumnas, futuras docentes, funden sus aprendizajes desde una construcción significativa para que puedan constituirse en los principales agentes de una alfabetización estadística y probabilista, tan necesarias en la sociedad de la información, que tienen como protagonistas a los niños; quienes deberán estar preparados para la toma de decisiones en un marco de incertidumbre, más que en ningún otro momento en la historia de la humanidad. El marco teórico en el cual se inscribe la experiencia se sustenta en la integración de los aportes de los siguientes autores: G. Brousseau, R. Douady, U.D´Ambrosio, B. D´Amore, C. Batanero, J. Godino, C. J. Wild y M. Pfannkuch, W. Kilpatrick, A.Sosa y G. Cabrera). En la primera de las macrosituaciones presentadas, las alumnas llevan a cabo el proceso estadístico que implica “Estudiar el nivel de conocimiento de las maestras a cargo de las salas de 4 y 5 años de los Jardines de Infantes observados en la materia de Práctica Docente I, acerca de la enseñanza del número, la numeración y las operaciones en edades tempranas”, simulándose una situación de consultoría estadística. En la segunda macrosituación, se abordan técnicas de conteo en un marco de contextualización apropiado, promoviendo la meta-congnición de manera que se reflexione sobre las dificultades que supone el aprendizaje de estas técnicas y la relación con los conocimientos previos, promoviéndose una mirada crítico-reflexiva que replantea el modo de enseñar.
Analysing impacts of the economic crisis on the pre–start ups process of business students in Germany.
Authors: Ruda Walter , Martin Thomas , Ascua Rubén , Danko Benjamin 
Published: July 2014

The article is part of the empirical research project “Starting up Businesses and Entrepreneurship by Students” (GESt–study) and analyzes potential impacts of the economic crisis on the pre–start–up process of business students surveyed before and during the downturn at four German universities (of applied sciences), what supports the advancement of entrepreneurship education and support within two different macroeconomic contexts. Though in Germany recessions typically animate more persons to self–employment, these business start–ups are mostly based on necessity–driven entrepreneurship. But particularly opportunity entrepreneurship has positive effects on economic growth and employment. Whereas no significant differences can be detected regarding their start–up propensities, the economic crisis indeed has heightened the intended start–up time as well as the necessity–driven start–up motivation of the surveyed business students, but not their start–up motivation from economic self–realization. Therefore, self–employment as vocational alternative has to be highlighted stronger and entrepreneurial basic knowledge has to be taught adequately to the students so that they are able to mature as potential entrepreneurs at their universities – the location where specialized knowledge about their subsequent professionalism is imparted – what facilitates them to generate future innovations accompanied by enduring and high–skilled employment.
Thermodynamic signatures in macromolecular interactions involving conformational flexibility
Authors: Menzel Anja , Neumann Piotr , Schwieger Christian , Stubbs Milton T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The energetics of macromolecular interactions are complex, particularly where protein flexibility is involved. Exploiting serendipitous differences in the plasticity of a series of closely related trypsin variants, we analyzed the enthalpic and entropic contributions accompanying interaction with L45K-eglin C. Binding of the four variants show significant differences in released heat, although the affinities vary little, in accordance with the principle of enthalpy-entropy compensation. Binding of the most disordered variant is almost entirely enthalpically driven, with practically no entropy change. As structures of the complexes reveal negligible differences in protein-inhibitor contacts, we conclude that solvent effects contribute significantly to binding affinities.
The Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Refined Glasses with Inorganic Nano-molecules
Authors: Drajewicz Marcin , Pytel Maciej , Rokicki Paweł , Góral Marek 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNew refining technology of soda-calcium-silicon glass surfaces with inorganic compounds nano-molecules has been presented in the study. In order to determine modification of the glass surface SEM observation and EDX analysis have been carried out. The UV-VIS, photo-elasticity and ellipsometry examinations were carried out on glass samples. The results of investigations that have been conducted show that refining process of the glass surface by use of nanopowder inorganic compounds deposited electrostatically on glass surface provides forming of very thin (about 50 nm) surface layers [1]. This method of surface modification improves physical and chemical glass properties. In this paper results of microhardness test of refined glass were also presented.
The Association of Generation Status and Health Insurance Among US Children
Authors: BeLue Rhonda , Miranda Patricia Y. , Elewonibi Bilikisu Reni , Hillemeier Marianne M. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has the potential to reduce the number of uninsured children in the United States by as much as 40%. The extent to which immigrant families are aware of and interested in obtaining insurance for their children is unclear.

METHODS:
Data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health were analyzed to examine differences by immigrant generational status in awareness of children’s health insurance options. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated for each outcome variable that showed statistical significance by generation status.

RESULTS:
Barriers to obtaining insurance for children in immigrant (first- and second-generation) families include awareness of and experience with various health insurance options, perceived costs and benefits of insurance, structural/policy restrictions on eligibility, and lower likelihood of working in large organizations that offer employee insurance coverage. Although noncitizen immigrants are not covered by ACA insurance expansions, only 38% of first-generation families report being uninsured because of the inability to meet citizenship requirements. Most families in this sample also worked for employers with &lt;50 employees, making them less likely to benefit from expansions in employer-based insurance. In multivariate analyses, third-generation families have increased odds of knowing how to enroll in health insurance (AOR 7.1 [3.6–13.0]) and knowing where to find insurance information (AOR 7.7 [3.8–15.4]) compared with first-generation families.

CONCLUSIONS:
ACA navigators and health services professionals should be aware of potential unique challenges to helping immigrant families negotiate Medicaid expansions and state and federal exchanges.
Broadband Absorptance High Efficiency Silicon Nanowire Fractal Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Alzoubi Omar H. , Abu-Safe Husam , Alshurman Khalid , Naseem Hameed A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNanowire arrays have been proposed to enhance light trapping, increase efficiencies, and reduced material cost in photovoltaic solar cells. In this work we present a new crystalline silicon nanowire array structure, inspired by fractal geometry. The array structure is assumed to be an infinite 2D array in the x and y directions, and composed of vertically aligned SiNW suspended in air. Hexagonal fractal-like geometry is adapted in arranging cylindrical SiNW in these arrays. Full-wave finite element method 3D simulation is used to compute reflectance, transmittance and absorptance of the array for a normal incidence plane wave. The proposed fractal-like distribution of SiNW arrays yield broad absorption spectrum and enhanced efficiency while using less material. The efficiency of the proposed fractal-like SiNW arrays achieve ∼100% enhancement over that of the equivalent thickness flat c-Si film, and ∼18% enhancement over an equivalent height hexagonal array. The proposed optimized structures achieved a filling ratio ∼25%, which is ∼33% less than the corresponding hexagonal array.
The Effect of Halo- and Hydro-Priming on Germination Characteristics of Millet Seeds Under Salinity Stress
Authors: Aghbolaghi M.A. , Sedghi M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Low seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with NaCl and water on growth and seed reserve utilization of millet seeds under salinity stress. Treatments were combinations of four levels of salinity stress (0, ⊟4, ⊟8 and ⊟12 bar) and three levels of seed priming and control with three replicates. Results showed that with increase in salinity stress, germination components such as germination percentage, germination index, mean time to germination, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight of utilized (mobilized) seed and seed reserve utilization efficiency decreased, but seed priming showed lower reduction. The highest germination characteristics and seed reserve utilization was obtained by halo-priming in control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of millet in salinity stress conditions.
Analysis of The Essential Oils of Thymus Kotschyanus L. (10 POPULATIONS) FROM IRAN
Authors: Khoshsokhan F. , Poormeidani A. , Babalar M. , Moghadam M.R. Fatahi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of their biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus kotschyanus seeds (10 populations) were collected from various provinces of Iran and transferred into a new uniform environment. This study was carried out at Badiei Research Station (Qom Province, Iran) in 2008, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The content of essential oils of this species was assessed during the flowering stage, and the chemical composition of the essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to populations, 17 components representing 84.57-97.08% of the total components, were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in all samples (87.14-98.93%). thymol (2.45-78.65%), carvacrol (1.84-49.38%), α-terpineol (1.79-17.1%), borneol (.68-3.8%), linalool (.5-39.05%), 1,8cineole (.53- 8.39%), p-cymene (.38 ⊟7.74%) represented the mager compounds.
The highest oil yields were obtained from Mazandaran 2 (2.5%) and Rudbar (2.3%) populations and lowest oil yields were obtained from Avan (1.1%) and Alamut (1.09%) populations. The highest level of thymol was obtained from Piranshahr (78.65%) and Semnan (60.80%) populations and lowest level of it obtained from Mazandaran 2 (2.45%), Siahkal (3.95%) populations. The highest level of carvacrol was exist in Mazandaran 2 (49.38%) and Rudbar (39.68%) populations. In this study, the linalool and α-terpineol were found as the main constituents of essential oil.
Challenges to Professional Football Companies and their Answers with Particular Regard to Organisational Changes
Authors: Bács Éva Bába Ms 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Professional football has been going through a period of unprecedented economic growth since the ’90s. Football ventures are increasingly becoming medium-sized companies. There have also been organizational changes, reflected in changes in the legal forms of professional football clubs, and in the use of modern controlling, planning, risk and financial management. Important questions remain unanswered with regard to the financing of football clubs, such as the impact of risks or the market value of capital costs. In addition to liquidity and the above, the acceptance of the determinational dependence of certain capital funds on sports results and the development of a strategy suitable for the optimal target system are also important requirements. In this article, we would like to present the answers football companies have given to the challenges they have been facing which affect their organisational system. In the light of international comparison, we examine the status of Hungarian football, which was once world famous and enjoyed better times in the past.