bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vitis vinifera and evaluation of their antimicrobial efficacy
Authors: Gnanajobitha Gnanadhas , Paulkumar Kanniah , Vanaja Mahendran , Rajeshkumar Shanmugam , Malarkodi Chelladurai , Annadurai Gurusamy , Kannan Cellapandian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is a rapidly growing scientific field of producing and constructing devices utilizing nanosized particles of about nanometer scale level (1 to 100 nm). Nowadays, nanoparticles have potential effects in life sciences and human health care applications. Among the nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of biomedical nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Silver is a naturally occurring precious metal, most often as a mineral ore in association with other elements. Silver nanoparticle has a natural antimicrobial effect against many pathogens such as bacteria, fungus, viruses, and yeast. In this present study, the silver nanoparticle is produced using Vitis vinifera fruit extract, and the purified nanoparticles will be used as an antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella planticola. This green chemistry for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has several advantages such as cost-effectiveness and compatibility for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications as well as for large-scale commercial production. Apart from this, it is an eco-friendly process, and compared with microorganisms, plant extract biorecovery unit has an added benefit of ease handling.
Human TLR8 is activated upon recognition ofBorrelia burgdorferiRNA in the phagosome of human monocytes
Authors: Cervantes Jorge L , La Vake Carson J , Weinerman Bennett , Luu Stephanie , O'Connell Caitlin , Verardi Paulo H , Salazar Juan C 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPhagocytosed Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the Lyme disease spirochete, induces a robust and complex innate immune response in human monocytes, in which TLR8 cooperates with TLR2 in the induction of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, whereas TLR8 is solely responsible for transcription of IFN-β through IRF7. We now establish the role of Bb RNA in TLR8-mediated induction of IFN-β. First, using TLR2-transfected HEK.293 cells, which were unable to phagocytose intact Bb, we observed TLR2 activation by lipoprotein-rich borrelial lysates and TLR2 synthetic ligands but not in response to live spirochetes. Purified Bb RNA, but not borrelial DNA, triggered TLR8 activation. Neither of these 2 ligands induced activation of TLR7. Using purified human monocytes we then show that phagocytosed live Bb, as well as equivalent amounts of borrelial RNA delivered into the phagosome by polyethylenimine (PEI), induces transcription of IFN-β and secretion of TNF-α. The cytokine response to purified Bb RNA was markedly impaired in human monocytes naturally deficient in IRAK-4 and in cells with knockdown TLR8 expression by small interfering RNA. Using confocal microscopy we provide evidence that TLR8 colocalizes with internalized Bb RNA in both early (EEA1) and late endosomes (LAMP1). Live bacterial RNA staining indicates that spirochetal RNA does not transfer from the phagosome into the cytosol. Using fluorescent dextran particles we show that phagosomal integrity in Bb-infected monocytes is not affected. We demonstrate, for the first time, that Bb RNA is a TLR8 ligand in human monocytes and that transcription of IFN-β in response to the spirochete is induced from within the phagosomal vacuole through the TLR8-MyD88 pathway.
Proton Conductivity of Graphene Oxide Hybrids with Covalently Functionalized Alkylamines
Authors: Ikeda Yukino , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Takehira Hiroshi , Matsui Takeshi , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Hayami Shinya 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Graphene oxide–alkylamine (GO–Cnamine; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) hybrids were synthesized and found to be stable through bonding between the N-terminals of the amine precursors and the epoxy sites of graphene. The hybrids were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The hybrids with short alkyl chains were found to exhibit high proton conductivity. The hybrids indicate the possibility of designing new materials through chemical bonding between long alkyl chains and graphene materials.
2-Matchings, the Traveling Salesman Problem, and the Subtour LP: A Proof of the Boyd-Carr Conjecture
Authors: Schalekamp Frans , Williamson David P. , van Zuylen Anke 
Published: August 2013

Determining the precise integrality gap for the subtour linear programming (LP) relaxation of the traveling salesman problem is a significant open question, with little progress made in thirty years in the general case of symmetric costs that obey triangle inequality. Boyd and Carr [Boyd S, Carr R (2011) Finding low cost TSP and 2-matching solutions using certain half-integer subtour vertices. Discrete Optim. 8:525–539. Prior version accessed June 27, 2011, http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~sylvia/recentpapers/halftri.pdf .] observe that we do not even know the worst-case upper bound on the ratio of the optimal 2-matching to the subtour LP; they conjecture the ratio is at most 10/9. In this paper, we prove the Boyd-Carr conjecture. In the case that the support of a fractional 2-matching has no cut edge, we can further prove that an optimal 2-matching has cost at most 10/9 times the cost of the fractional 2-matching.
Knowledge and Perceptions About Fragile X Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis, Intervention, and Research
Authors: Finucane Brenda , Haas-Givler Barbara , Simon Elliott W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe surveyed 439 professionals in the field of autism to assess their knowledge and perceptions about fragile X syndrome (FXS) and related issues. Almost half had worked with at least one child diagnosed with FXS, yet most lacked basic knowledge about the condition, underestimated its significance in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders, and rarely accessed fragile X–specific resources. A majority perceived etiology to be an important variable in therapeutic response while three quarters felt that professionals in the field of autism should play an active role in referring children for etiological evaluation. Despite these opinions, most respondents either rarely or never inquired about etiology when working with a new client. The survey results underscore the need for training and education so that autism professionals can become effective partners in diagnostic genetic referral and in research and implementation of syndrome-specific interventions.
Reflective Impressions of a Precepted Clinical Experience Caring for People With Disabilities
Authors: Karl Renee , McGuigan Denise , Withiam-Leitch Matthew L. , Akl Elie A. , Symons Andrew B. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
There is evidence that early and frequent encounters with people with disabilities can improve medical students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes about disability. As part of a 4-year integrated curriculum in caring for patients with disabilities, third-year medical students (n  =  144) in a Family Medicine clerkship participated in a day-long precepted clinical experience at a medical facility serving people with disabilities, predominantly developmental disabilities, where they met patients and worked with clinicians. At the conclusion of the program, students completed a reflective survey about their experience. These data were analyzed qualitatively using a constructivist grounded-theory approach. Students' responses indicated that the experience improved their comfort levels in working with people with disabilities and increased their awareness of attitudinal factors that influence patient care. Responses also demonstrated that students achieved an awareness of technical accommodations and organizational adaptations that improve patient care.
Therapist Characteristics Predict Discrete Trial Teaching Procedural Fidelity
Authors: Peters-Scheffer Nienke , Didden Robert , Korzilius Hubert , Sturmey Peter 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Early intensive behavioral intervention is generally effective for children with autism spectrum disorder but is associated with variability in treatment outcome and quality of treatment delivery may contribute to this. This study examined the relationship between therapist personality, attitude toward individuals with a disability, and perceived relationship between therapist and child on procedural fidelity. Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) was provided at a preschool for children with intellectual disabilities. Seventy DTT sessions between 22 therapists and 35 children were videotaped and analyzed. Data on therapist's attitude toward individuals with a disability, therapist's personality traits, and perceived relationship between therapist and child were also collected. Procedural fidelity was high and significantly related to therapist's attitude toward individuals with a disability, therapist's openness to experience, and perceived relationship between therapist and child. Therapists with high procedural fidelity tended to have a more positive attitude toward individuals with disabilities on the cognitive dimension, a more negative attitude toward individuals with disabilities on the affect dimension, lower levels of openness to experience, and perceived the relationship between themselves and the child as less positive.
Women's Emotions One Week After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion in the United States
Authors: Rocca Corinne H. , Kimport Katrina , Gould Heather , Foster Diana G. 
Published: August 2013

ContextThe notion that abortion causes poor mental health has gained traction, even though it is not supported by research. Few studies have comprehensively investigated women's postabortion emotions.MethodsBaseline data from a longitudinal study of women seeking abortion at 30 U.S. facilities between 2008 and 2010 were used to examine emotions among 843 women who received an abortion just prior to the facility's gestational age limit, were denied an abortion because they presented just beyond the gestational limit or obtained a first‐trimester abortion. Multivariable analyses were used to compare women's emotions about their pregnancy and about their receipt or denial of abortion after one week, and to identify variables associated with experiencing primarily negative emotions postabortion.ResultsCompared with women who obtained a near‐limit abortion, those denied the abortion felt more regret and anger (scoring, on average, 0.4–0.5 points higher on a 0–4 scale), and less relief and happiness (scoring 1.4 and 0.3 points lower, respectively). Among women who had obtained the abortion, the greater the extent to which they had planned the pregnancy or had difficulty deciding to seek abortion, the more likely they were to feel primarily negative emotions (odds ratios, 1.2 and 2.5, respectively). Most (95%) women who had obtained the abortion felt it was the right decision, as did 89% of those who expressed regret.ConclusionsDifficulty with the abortion decision and the degree to which the pregnancy had been planned were most important for women's postabortion emotional state. Experiencing negative emotions postabortion is different from believing that abortion was not the right decision.
Sexual Health Resources at Minnesota Colleges: Associations with Students’ Sexual Health Behaviors
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Hannan Peter J. , Lust Katherine A. , Lechner Kate E. , Garcia Carolyn , Frerich Ellen A. 
Published: August 2013

ContextSexual risk behaviors are common among college students, and research examining the environmental context of these behaviors is important for prevention. The presence of college sexual health resources is a potentially important part of that context.MethodsIn a 2010–2011 survey, 6,318 undergraduates from 28 two‐ and four‐year Minnesota college campuses provided data on their sexual health behaviors. In addition, a specially designed inventory was used to assess the sexual health resources available on each campus. Multilevel regression was used to test the associations of four types of resources with students’ condom use, birth control use,STDorHIVtesting, and unplanned pregnancy.ResultsIn models that controlled for students’ personal and demographic characteristics, the higher the level of sexual health resources at a college, the lower the likelihood that students had had intercourse without birth control, intercourse without a condom and involvement in unplanned pregnancy. For example, students attending colleges with the maximum number of general clinic resources had a lower predicted probability of reporting nonuse of reliable birth control at last intercourse than students attending colleges with no resources (7% vs. 14%). After college characteristics were adjusted for, most measures of resources remained significant, although associations were reduced; two measures became significant in unexpected directions.ConclusionsColleges’ provision of sexual health resources may be associated with students’ sexual health behaviors. Research using quasi‐experimental or experimental designs is needed to assess the mechanisms underlying these associations; such work could lead to interventions that might help reduce students’ risky behaviors.
Hysterectomy and Disability Among U.S. Women
Authors: Rivera Drew Julia A. 
Published: August 2013

ContextHysterectomies are the second most common surgery performed on women in the United States, and most are done for elective reasons. Although women with disabilities appear to have an increased risk of undergoing the procedure, little research has evaluated the relationship between disability and hysterectomy.MethodsData on 42,842 women aged 18 or older from the 2000, 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys were used to evaluate the relationship between disability and the risk of having a hysterectomy over the life course. Piecewise exponential event history models were estimated to identify associations between timing of disability onset, type of disability, and the occurrence and timing of hysterectomy.ResultsWomen with multiple disabilities experienced a higher risk of undergoing a hysterectomy than women with no disability (hazard ratio, 1.3), and this heightened risk was concentrated at younger ages. During their 20s, 30s and early 40s, women who had multiple disabilities were more likely to have had a hysterectomy than were their same‐age counterparts with no or one disability (1.3–2.4). Women with a single type of disability, as well as most women who had multiple disabilities and were aged 46 or older, were not at increased risk of having had a hysterectomy.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to investigate why young women with multiple disabilities appear to face an increased risk of having a hysterectomy, especially because it is major surgery that can carry significant health risks.
Extracting light out of LEDs
Authors: Muschaweck Julius , Wiesmann Christopher 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
‘External quantum efficiency’, that is, the number of photons generated per electron passing through the p-n junction of an LED is probably the most important number to quantify the performance of an LED chip. Although advances in epitaxy have increased the fraction of radiative recombination to extremely high values, the extraction of the precious photons that are trapped in a high refractive index crystal is still tricky. In this brief tutorial, we look at the physics of light extraction both from a geometrical optics/thermodynamic and a wave optics point of view, discussing both random and deterministic surface structures.
Lighting with laser diodes
Authors: Basu Chandrajit , Meinhardt-Wollweber Merve , Roth Bernhard 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Contemporary white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are much more efficient than compact fluorescent lamps and hence are rapidly capturing the market for general illumination. LEDs are also replacing halogen lamps or even newer xenon based lamps in automotive headlamps. Because laser diodes are inherently much brighter and often more efficient than corresponding LEDs, there is great research interest in developing laser diode based illumination systems. Operating at higher current densities and with smaller form factors, laser diodes may outperform LEDs in the future. This article reviews the possibilities and challenges in the integration of visible laser diodes in future illumination systems.
Selective fluorescence sensing of ferric ion with novel triazolethione Schiff bases probes
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Junwu , Jiang Xiaoyu , Yang Kui , Zhang Qiang , Gao Yan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
New triazolethione Schiff base derivatives 3a–f were synthesized. The structures of the products were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and MS. Their complexation properties to different heavy and transition metal ions were studied by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compound 3a shows selective recognition of Fe3+ with a 1:1 stoichiometric complex formation.
Impact of glucocorticoid hormones on adipokine secretion and human adipose tissue metabolism
Authors: Fain John N. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The glucocorticoid hormones alter the metabolism of the adipose tissue after an approximately 2-h lag period. The effects are mediated through the nuclear receptors that alter the expression of a wide variety of genes through the mechanisms that are similar to those seen in the other cells. There are many direct metabolic effects of the glucocorticoids on the adipose tissue metabolism, and every year, new effects are added to the list of proteins whose expression is influenced by the glucocorticoids. Furthermore, some enzymatic processes are affected by these hormones only in the presence of the other hormones such as growth hormone (GH) or insulin. Most of the effects of the glucocorticoids are on the gene transcription, and the effects on the mRNA are reflected in the altered levels of the target proteins. The glucocorticoids enhance the leptin release, while reducing that of the inflammatory adipokines and stimulating that of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the presence of insulin. The activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) is enhanced by the glucocorticoids along with that of α1 glycoprotein 1 and serum amyloid A release by the adipose tissue. In contrast, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-stimulated lipolysis in the adipose tissue is blocked by the glucocorticoids. It is still unclear which, if any, of these effects account for the insulin resistance due to the glucocorticoids in the adipose tissue. However, recent work suggests that, at least in mice, the reduction in the osteocalcin release by the osteoblasts in the presence of the glucocorticoids accounts for much of the in vivo insulin resistance. In summary, there are multiple direct effects of the glucocorticoids, both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory, on the adipose tissue.
Site-directed spin labeling EPR spectroscopy in protein research
Authors: Klare Johann P. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as an efficient tool to elucidate the structure and the conformational dynamics of proteins under conditions close to the native state. This review article summarizes the basics as well as the recent progress in SDSL and EPR methods, especially for investigations on protein structure, protein function, and interaction of proteins with other proteins or nucleic acids. Labeling techniques as well as EPR methods are introduced and exemplified with applications to systems that have been studied in the author’s laboratory in the past 15 years, headmost the sensory rhodopsin-transducer complex mediating the photophobic response of the halophilic archaeum Natronomonas pharaonis. Further examples underline the application of SDSL EPR spectroscopy to answer specific questions about the system under investigation, such as the nature and influence of interactions of proteins with other proteins or nucleic acids. Finally, it is discussed how SDSL EPR can be combined with other biophysical techniques to combine the strengths of the different methodologies.
MeCP2 phosphorylation in the brain: from transcription to behavior
Authors: Damen Daniela , Heumann Rolf 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a nuclear protein highly expressed in neurons, was identified because of its ability to bind methylated DNA. In association with the transcriptional corepressor proteins Sin3a and histone deacetylases, it represses gene transcription. However, it has since become clear that MeCP2 is a multifunctional protein involved not only in transcriptional silencing but also in transcriptional activation, chromatin remodeling, and RNA splicing. Especially, its involvement in the X-linked neurologic disorder Rett syndrome emphasizes the importance of MeCP2 for normal development and maturation of the central nervous system. A number of animal models with complete or partial lack of MeCP2 functions have been generated to correlate the clinical phenotype of Rett syndrome, and studies involving different mutations of MeCP2 have shown similar effects. Animal model studies have further demonstrated that even the loss of a specific phosphorylation site of MeCP2 (S80, S421, and S424) disturbs normal maturation of the mammalian brain. This review covers recent findings regarding MeCP2 functions and its regulation by posttranslational modification, particularly MeCP2 phosphorylation and its effects on mammalian brain maturation, learning, and plasticity.
Characterization of the Fréchet derivative of the elasto-acoustic field with respect to Lipschitz domains
Authors: Barucq Hélène , Djellouli Rabia , Estecahandy Elodie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract.
We establish the continuous Fréchet differentiability of the elasto-acoustic field with respect to Lipschitz continuous deformation of the shape of an elastic scatterer. We then characterize the derivative as a solution of a direct elasto-acoustic-type problem. Such a characterization has the potential to advance the state-of-the-art of the solution of inverse elasto-acoustic scattering problems.
Preparation of graphene adsorbents and their applications in water purification
Authors: Xu Jing , Lv Hongda , Yang Sheng-Tao , Luo Jianbin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGraphene has attracted great interest for its unique structure, fantastic properties, and wide applications. Among the various applications, graphene-based materials hold great potential as adsorbents in decontaminating water because of the large surface area, diverse functionalities, ease of preparation, and low cost of treatment. Graphene and its composites have been used in treating heavy metals, dyes, pesticide, antibiotics, oils, and so on. In this paper, we reviewed the preparation methods of graphene adsorbents and their applications in water purification. The adsorption behaviors of contaminates on graphene are summarized. The interactions between graphene and contaminates are discussed, emphasizing the influence of functional groups. We also propose some guidelines in designing high-performance graphene adsorbents from the physicochemical perspective.
Recent advances in the chemistry of nitrosyl complexes of chromium
Authors: Døssing Anders 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A review of the chemistry of nitrosyl complexes of chromium published since 2002 is given including coordination complexes as well as organometallic complexes. The syntheses, electronic structures, optical absorption spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance parameters, photochemistry, reactivity, and magnetic properties of the complexes are presented.