bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of interventions on antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery in Chinese hospitals during 2000–2012
Authors: Sun Jing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review intervention studies on antibiotic prophylaxis in clean or clean‐contaminated surgery in Chinese hospitals from 2000 to 2012.MethodsPublished peer reviewed articles, unpublished documents and reports, and gray literature were identified through searching CNKI, CBM, VIP, PubMed (MEDLINE), WHO database, and the official websites of the Ministry of Health of China, provincial health authorities and medical university internal publications.ResultsEighty‐two studies were identified. Circulation and localization of central rules, regulations and guidelines; clinical pharmacists’ involvement; technical, administrative, and managerial strategies were the mostly adopted interventions. Except one study, all claimed effectiveness of interventions. Limited effects were observed for non‐indicated clean surgery. Huge gaps still existed between the international agreed guidelines and the claimed best performance following interventions. The following were critical to have more effective interventions: recognition, acceptance, and enforcement strategies of rules, regulations, and guidelines; intervention persistence and intensity; health information system; removal of health system perverse incentives; patient–doctor relationship; public education; and access to unbiased medicines information. A total 4 of 82 studies were pre–post studies with control; all others were simple pre–post studies without control. Simple measurement of the outcome indicators as an average for pre–post intervention groups and changes in between failed to distinguish the real intervention effect from confounding factors, and failed to adjust underlying trends.ConclusionsInterventions on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Chinese hospitals during 2000–2012 brought limited positive effects. There are still huge gaps between the Chinese situation and internationally agreed standards. More advanced study methodologies are needed to have better documentation of evidence of the most effective interventions.
Determinants of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption amongst Portuguese adults
Authors: Oliveira A. , Maia B. , Lopes C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundA low consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) represents a high burden on health. The present study evaluates sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric determinants of an inadequate consumption of F&V (<5 servings per day).MethodsParticipants were randomly selected within the adult Porto population (n = 2485). Those with normal cognitive function and information on key variables were analysed (n = 2362). Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression, after sex stratification and controlling for age, education, marital status, smoking, regular physical exercise and total energy intake.ResultsOlder women and men had 37% and 67%, respectively, lower odds of inadequate F&V consumption (≥65 versus <40 years: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42–0.94; OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.20–0.56). More educated subjects (>12 versus <5 years) and those engaged in regular physical exercise had approximately 50% lower probability of F&V inadequacy compared to nonpractitioners, and this was similar in both sexes. On the other hand, female and male current smokers had 1.86‐ and 2.05‐fold higher probabilities of having inadequate F&V consumption. Individuals consuming excessive alcohol (women: ≥15 g day−1; men: ≥30 g day−1) presented a two‐ and four‐fold higher probability of having inadequate F&V consumption compared to nondrinkers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.38–2.77 in women; OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.70–7.18 in men).ConclusionsIn both sexes, an inadequate consumption of F&V was more frequently found in younger, less educated and less physically active subjects with smoking and drinking habits. Strategies aiming to increase F&V consumption should consider these target groups that present a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles.
Peak‐temperature patterns of polyphase metamorphism resulting from accretion, subduction and collision (eastern Tauern Window,European Alps) – a study withRaman microspectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM)
Authors: Scharf A. , Handy M. R. , Ziemann M. A. , Schmid S. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRaman microspectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM) from the eastern Tauern Window indicates contrasting peak‐temperature patterns in three different fabric domains, each of which underwent a poly‐metamorphic orogenic evolution: Domain 1 in the northeastern Tauern Window preserves oceanic units (Glockner Nappe System, Matrei Zone) that attained peak temperatures (Tp) of 350–480 °C following Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene nappe stacking in an accretionary wedge. Domain 2 in the central Tauern Window experiencedTpof 500–535 °C that was attained either within an exhumed Palaeogene subduction channel or during Oligocene Barrovian‐type thermal overprinting within the Alpine collisional orogen. Domain 3 in the Eastern Tauern Subdome has a peak‐temperature pattern that resulted from Eo‐Oligocene nappe stacking of continental units derived from the distal European margin. This pattern acquired its presently concentric pattern in Miocene time due to post‐nappe doming and extensional shearing along the Katschberg Shear Zone System (KSZS).Tpvalues in the largest (Hochalm) dome range from 612 °C in its core to 440 °C at its rim. The maximum peak‐temperature gradient (≤70 °C km−1) occurs along the eastern margin of this dome where mylonitic shearing of the Katschberg Normal Fault (KNF) significantly thinned the Subpenninic‐ and Penninic nappe pile, including the pre‐existing peak‐temperature gradient.
A ‘pocket guide’ to total internal reflection fluorescence
Authors: MARTIN‐FERNANDEZ M.L. , TYNAN C.J. , WEBB S.E.D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe phenomenon of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) was placed in the context of optical microscopy by Daniel Axelrod over three decades ago. TIRF microscopy exploits the properties of an evanescent electromagnetic field to optically section sample regions in the close vicinity of the substrate where the field is induced. The first applications in cell biology targeted investigation of phenomena at the basolateral plasma membrane. The most notable application of TIRF is single‐molecule experiments, which can provide information on fluctuation distributions and rare events, yielding novel insights on the mechanisms governing the molecular interactions that underpin many fundamental processes within the cell. This short review intends to provide a ‘one stop shop’ explanation of the electromagnetic theory behind the remarkable properties of the evanescent field, guide the reader through the principles behind building or choosing your own TIRF system and consider how the most popular applications of the method exploit the evanescent field properties.
Authority Defied: Need for Cognitive Closure Influences Regulatory Control When Resisting Authority
Authors: Damen Tom G. E. , van Leeuwen Matthijs L. , Dijksterhuis Ap , van Baaren Rick B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present studies examined whether differences in need for cognitive closure (NCC) were related to differences in regulatory control when confronted with authority. In two studies, levels of regulatory control were measured when participants resisted (Study 1; N = 46) or prepared to resist the influence attempt of an authority figure (Study 2; N = 50). Results showed that resisting the influence attempt from a high‐authority figure was more depleting for participants higher in NCC compared to individuals lower in NCC. However, when they were given instructions and time to prepare the act of resistance, individuals high in NCC actually showed an increase in regulatory control. Authority is usually viewed as a general principle of influence; however, the present studies suggest that there are individual differences that influence how people may experience interactions with authorities.
Relationship Between Eating Behaviors and Physical Activity Among Primary and Secondary School Students: Results of a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Morin Pascale , Turcotte Sylvain , Perreault Gino 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWith a view toward developing concerted efforts in fostering healthy eating habits and a physically active lifestyle among young people, a study was carried out to explore associations between eating behavior and physical activity (PA).METHODSIn the school district, questionnaires were completed at home by parents of primary school children (N = 8612) and by secondary school youth (N = 5250) during a break in the schedule. The rates of response were 79% and 83%, respectively. Inferential and descriptive analyses were performed.RESULTSThe results indicate significant differences between the eating behaviors of young people who engage in 60 minutes of daily PA and those who are sedentary. The physically active children were generally more likely to eat fruit, vegetables, and whole‐grain products and to have breakfast (p < .05 among high‐school students). The lack of self‐confidence (55%) and not enjoying PA (46%) stood out as the greatest obstacles facing adolescents trying to lose weight.CONCLUSIONThere should be particular actions targeting students in the last half of primary school aimed at developing individual accountability and autonomy with respect to healthy eating andPA. These actions should also consider sex differences and those who have more sedentary lifestyles.
Influencing Factors of Sedentary Behavior in European Preschool Settings: An Exploration Through Focus Groups With Teachers
Authors: De Decker Ellen , De Craemer Marieke , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Wijndaele Katrien , Duvinage Kristin , Androutsos Odysseas , Iotova Violeta , Lateva Mina , Alvira Juan Miguel Fernández , Zych Kamila , Manios Yannis , Cardon Greet 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSedentary behavior refers to activities involving sitting down and reclining (eg, watching TV, using the computer) and has been associated with different health outcomes. In preschool, children are sedentary for 50% to 80% of the time, in the classroom as well as during recess. Because of the absence of qualitative studies examining influencing factors of preschoolers' sedentary behavior in preschool settings, this study explored teachers' opinions on potentially influencing factors of this behavior.METHODSEighty‐seven teachers of 4‐ to 6‐year‐old preschoolers from 6 European countries participated in a total of 18 focus groups between October 2010 and January 2011. Key findings were reported separately by country, and were independently analyzed by 2 researchers using qualitative content analysis.RESULTSTeachers perceive the lack of play space and small classroom size as being influential factors on preschoolers' sedentary behavior; increasing play equipment and using teachers' prompts are mentioned as ways to stimulate children to be less sedentary on the playground. Computer use is reported to be more common in preschool than watching TV.CONCLUSIONInterventions should focus on increasing teachers' awareness of how sedentary preschoolers are during the preschool day. Teachers also should be informed about strategies to decrease sedentariness in the classroom and on the playground.
In-vitro prediction of bioavailability following extravascular injection of poorly soluble drugs: an insight into clinical failure and the role of delivery systems
Authors: Wu Zimei , Hassan Dalia , Shaw John P 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the feasibility of using an in-vitro model to simulate the incidence of post-injection drug precipitation (PDP), and to identify the roles of drug properties and delivery systems in its occurrence.

Methods
A literature review on incomplete absorption following extravascular injection (subcutaneous and intramuscular) was conducted. Six model drugs in nine different formulations were studied for an in-vitro/in-vivo correlation. A rapid in-vitro dilution method using a 96-well plate was used for predicting PDP by dilution with a physiological buffer. New formulations based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), with and without co-solvents or pH control, were developed and tested on the in-vitro model.

Key findings
The occurrence of precipitation detected from the in-vitro dilution model appeared to be correlated with clinical reports and animal studies. The formulation components played an important role in determining the potential for drug precipitation on dilution or pH neutralization. CD was found to reduce the tendency for precipitation. The addition of co-solvents may reduce the effect of CD, depending on the solvent used.

Conclusions
The in-vitro model can be used as a cost-effective screening tool in injectable formulation development for safe and effective delivery of poorly soluble drugs. PDP can be circumvented with a well-designed formulation.
A melatonin‐based fluorescence method for the measurement of mitochondrial complex III function in intact cells
Authors: Fu Jian‐Liang , Zhang Hong‐Mei , Zhang Hua , Kamat Amrita , Yeh Chih‐Ko , Zhang Bin‐Xian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMitochondrial complex III (MC‐3) plays a pivotal role in electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation. Impaired MC‐3 functions may contribute to a variety of diseases by interrupting normal bioenergetics and increasing reactive oxygen production and oxidative stress. Currently, MC‐3 function is assessed by measuring the cytochrome c reductase activity spectrophotometrically in isolated mitochondria or MC‐3. The cytoplasmic microenvironment critical for mitochondrial complex functions may be depleted during these isolation processes. The development of a reliable method to measure MC‐3 activities in intact cells or tissues is highly desirable. This report describes a novel fluorescence‐based method to assess MC‐3 functions, i.e., Qi site electron transfer, in the intact cells. Human mesangial and teratocarcinoma NT2 cells were used to demonstrate that melatonin‐induced oxidation of 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) was inhibited by antimycin A, the MC‐3 Qi site‐specific inhibitor, but not by myxothiazol, the MC‐3 Qo site‐specific inhibitor, nor rotenone, the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. These results indicate that melatonin‐induced oxidation of H2DCF is reflecting MC‐3 Qi site electron transfer activities. Modifying structures of the side groups at the R3 and R5 positions of the indole ring of melatonin diminished its efficacy for inducing H2DCF oxidation, suggesting a specific interaction of melatonin with the MC‐3 Qi site. These results suggest that the fluorogenic property of melatonin‐induced H2DCF oxidation provides a MC‐3 Qi site electron transfer‐specific measurement in intact cells. Interestingly, using this method, the Qi site electron transfer activity in transformed or immortalized cells was found to be significantly higher than the nontransformed cells.
Melatonin reverses the decreases in hippocampal protein serine/threonine kinases observed in an animal model of autism
Authors: Tian Yun , Yabuki Yasushi , Moriguchi Shigeki , Fukunaga Kohji , Mao Pei‐Jiang , Hong Ling‐Juan , Lu Ying‐Mei , Wang Rui , Ahmed Muhammad Masood , Liao Mei‐Hua , Huang Ji‐Yun , Zhang Rui‐Ting , Zhou Tian‐Yi , Long Sen , Han Feng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLower global cognitive function scores are a common symptom of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study investigates the effects of melatonin on hippocampal serine/threonine kinase signaling in an experimental ASD model. We found that chronic melatonin (1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg/day, 28 days) treatment significantly rescued valproic acid (VPA, 600 mg/kg)‐induced decreases in CaMKII (Thr286), NMDAR1 (Ser896), and PKA (Thr197) phosphorylation in the hippocampus without affecting total protein levels. Compared with control rats, the immunostaining of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus revealed a decrease in immunolabeling intensity for phospho‐CaMKII (Thr286) in the hippocampus of VPA‐treated rats, which was ameliorated by chronic melatonin treatment. Consistent with the elevation of CaMKII/PKA/PKC phosphorylation observed in melatonin‐treated rat, long‐term potentiation (LTP) was enhanced after chronic melatonin (5.0 mg/kg) treatment, as reflected by extracellular field potential slopes that increased from 56 to 60 min (133.4 ± 3.9% of the baseline, P < 0.01 versus VPA‐treated rats) following high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) in hippocampal slices. Accordingly, melatonin treatment also significantly improved social behavioral deficits at postnatal day 50 in VPA‐treated rats. Taken together, the increased phosphorylation of CaMKII/PKA/PKC signaling might contribute to the beneficial effects of melatonin on autism symptoms.
Refinement of the dose of doxapram to counteract the sedative effects of acepromazine in dogs
Authors: Zapata M. , Hofmeister E. H. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of doxapram in reversing acepromazine sedation in dogs.MethodsUsing a crossover design, 10 adult mixed‐breed dogs received 0·05 mg/kg acepromazine, intramuscularly (im) followed 30 minutes later by one of the three randomly determined treatments: 0·0625mL/kg saline, intravenously (iv), 1·25 mg/kg doxapram, iv or 2·5 mg/kg doxapram, iv. Sedation scores were obtained by a single, blinded observer at 0, 15 and 30 minutes after acepromazine administration and at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after the treatment administration.ResultsThe mean baseline sedation score of all the treatments was not different among treatments. All the dogs had a significant increase in sedation score at 30 minutes after acepromazine administration. Both the low and high doses of doxapram showed a significant decrease in sedation score compared to saline, but there was no significant difference between the two doses. Five dogs in the high dose group panted after treatment injection, and this was significantly more than in the low dose group.Clinical SignificanceDoxapram is effective in reducing the sedative effects of acepromazine over a short period of time. A dose of 1·25 mg/kg effectively decreases acepromazine sedation without causing panting.
Urine concentrations of xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid inUKCavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Jacinto A. M. L. , Mellanby R. J. , Chandler M. , Bommer N. X. , Carruthers H. , Fairbanks L. D. , Gow A. G. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesXanthine urolithiasis and asymptomatic xanthinuria have been diagnosed in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs suggesting that primary xanthinuria may be a breed‐related disorder, although its prevalence remains unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that asymptomatic xanthinuria is common in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs.MethodsFree catch urine samples were collected from 35 client‐owned Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs and from 24 dogs of other breeds. The purine metabolites were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The urine ratios of xanthine/creatinine and hypoxanthine/creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups of dogs.ResultsThe urine concentrations of purine metabolites were not significantly different between the two groups and were very low in both. The urine concentrations of xanthine in all 35 Cavalier King Charles spaniel were markedly lower than in the previously reported case of xanthine urolithiasis in aUKCavalier King Charles spaniel dog.Clinical SignificanceAsymptomatic xanthinuria was not detected in thisUKCavalier King Charles spaniel population. This data may be used as a reference for urinary purine metabolite concentrations in the dog.
Treatment of canine idiopathic immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia with mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids: 30 cases (2007 to 2011)
Authors: Wang A. , Smith J. R. , Creevy K. E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo compare short‐term outcome and frequency of adverse events for dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia treated with glucocorticoids and mycophenolate mofetilvsalternate immunosuppressive protocols.MethodsA retrospective study of medical case records of dogs with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia was conducted. Data collected included signalment, clinicopathological data, medications administered, duration of hospitalization, short‐term survival and adverse events. Variables were compared between dogs treated with glucocorticoids and mycophenolate mofetil (mycophenolate mofetil group)vsdogs treated with other two‐drug immunosuppressive protocols (combined group).ResultsSixty‐four cases of idiopathic immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia were identified. Two dogs were euthanased without treatment, three received glucocorticoids alone, and seven received two additional drugs. Fifty‐two dogs received glucocorticoids and additional immunosuppressive medications: 30 mycophenolate mofetil, 15 cyclosporine, 6 azathioprine and 1 human immunoglobulin. There was no significant difference between the discharge rate, 30‐day or 60‐day survival rates between the mycophenolate mofetil and the combined groups (Fisher's exact; P=0·272, 0·518, 1·000, respectively). The sole adverse event observed in the mycophenolate mofetil group was diarrhoea (n=5).Clinical SignificanceAdministration of mycophenolate mofetil appears safe in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia. The combination of glucocorticoids and mycophenolate mofetil has similar efficacy to alternate immunosuppressive protocols used to treat this disease.
Erosion of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir into Neobladder
Authors: Tran Christine N. , Boncher Nicholas , Montague Drogo K. , Angermeier Kenneth W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erosion of the reservoir into surrounding tissues is a rare complication after inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation.

Aim
To present a new case and a review of the literature including discussion of pathogenesis, risk factors, and management options.

Methods
We present the case of a 75-year-old male who underwent placement of an IPP for postoperative erectile dysfunction with a history of bladder cancer requiring radical cystoprostatectomy and Studer neobladder. Six years after IPP placement, he presented with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection that seemed to be precipitated by cycling of his penile prosthesis. Cystoscopy and cross-sectional computed tomography imaging demonstrated erosion of the inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into the neobladder.

Results
Patient underwent open removal of the IPP reservoir and cystorrhaphy with a plan for future prefascial reimplantation of an IPP reservoir.

Conclusions
In patients with a history of abdomino-pelvic surgery or radiation therapy, the retroperitoneal space may be extremely fibrotic and the transversalis fascia may have thickened. Potential intraoperative complications as well as reservoir erosion may be avoided by using a two-piece device or ectopic reservoir placement. Management options for reservoir erosion include explantation of the entire device as well as reservoir removal with salvage of remaining components.