bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olmesartan Improves Pulse Wave Velocity and Lowers Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Raff Ulrike , Walker Stefanie , Ott Christian , Schneider Markus P. , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: December 2014

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and central systolic BP (cSBP) are superior to brachial office BP measurements in predicting cardiovascular end organ damage. The authors aimed to analyze the effect of olmesartan 80 mg (OLM 80) vs 20 mg (OLM 20) vs amlodipine 5 mg (AML 5) on central hemodymamics and ambulatory BP in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).In a double‐blind, three‐phase crossover study comprising 69 untreated patients with MetS defined by the Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults guidelines, the effects of OLM 80 on central hemodynamics (cSBP), central pulse pressure), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and 24‐hour ambulatory BP were compared with OLM 20 and AML 5, given for 6 weeks each. In 69 patients (47 men, 22 women) (51.5±9.75 years), reduction in cSBP was the highest with OLM 80 and significantly greater than the reduction with AML 5 (−14.1 mm Hg vs −9.7 mm Hg, P=.0117). All three substances significantly reduced 24‐hour ambulatory systolic (OLM 80 and OLM 20 P<.0001; AML 5 P=.0105). BP and 24‐hour diastolic BP (OLM 80 and OLM 20 P<.0001; AML 5 P=.0126). PWV was significantly reduced by OLM 80 (−0.58 m/s, P=.0088) and by OLM 20 (−0.48 m/s, P=.0362) but not by AML 5 (−0.28 m/s, P=.2065). For PWV, no significant differences were detected between the three groups. OLM significantly improves arterial stiffness as demonstrated by the reduction in PWV and in cSBP. In addition, 24‐hour ambulatory BP was reduced to a greater extent with OLM 80 than with AML 5.
HSPA12B inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Wu Jun , Li Xuehan , Huang Lei , Jiang Surong , Tu Fei , Zhang Xiaojin , Ma He , Li Rongrong , Li Chuanfu , Li Yuehua , Ding Zhengnian , Liu Li 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHeat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) is a newly discovered member of the HSP70 protein family. This study investigated the effects of HSPA12B on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible mechanisms involved. A HUVECs inflammatory model was induced by LPS. Overexpression of HSPA12B in HUVECs was achieved by infection with recombinant adenoviruses encoding green fluorescence protein‐HSPA12B. Knockdown of HSPA12B was achieved by siRNA technique. Twenty four hours after virus infection or siRNA transfection, HUVECs were stimulated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 4 hrs. Endothelial cell permeability ability was determined by transwell permeability assay. The binding rate of human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) with HUVECs was examined using myeloperoxidase assay. Cell migrating ability was determined by the wound‐healing assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of interested genes were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The release of cytokines interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α was measured by ELISA. HSPA12B suppressed LPS‐induced HUVEC permeability and reduced PMN adhesion to HUVECs. HSPA12B also inhibited LPS‐induced up‐regulation of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokine expression. By contrast, knockdown of HSPA12B enhanced LPS‐induced increases in the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, HSPA12B activated PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway by Wortmannin completely abrogated the protection of HSPA12B against inflammatory response in HUVECs. Our results suggest that HSPA12B attenuates LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in HUVECs via activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Application of oncoproteomics to aberrant signalling networks in changing the treatment paradigm in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: López Villar Elena , Wang Xiangdong , Madero Luis , Cho William C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOncoproteomics is an important innovation in the early diagnosis, management and development of personalized treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). As inherent factors are not completely known – e.g. age or family history, radiation exposure, benzene chemical exposure, certain viral exposures such as infection with the human T‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia virus‐1, as well as some inherited syndromes may raise the risk of ALL – each ALL patient may modify the susceptibility of therapy. Indeed, we consider these unknown inherent factors could be explained via coupling cytogenetics plus proteomics, especially when proteins are the ones which play function within cells. Innovative proteomics to ALL therapy may help to understand the mechanism of drug resistance and toxicities, which in turn will provide some leads to improve ALL management. Most important of these are shotgun proteomic strategies to unravel ALL aberrant signalling networks. Some shotgun proteomic innovations and bioinformatic tools for ALL therapies will be discussed. As network proteins are distinctive characteristics for ALL patients, unrevealed by cytogenetics, those network proteins are currently an important source of novel therapeutic targets that emerge from shotgun proteomics. Indeed, ALL evolution can be studied for each individual patient via oncoproteomics.
In situ assessment of the renal microcirculation in mechanically ventilated rats using sidestream dark‐field imaging
Authors: ASTAPENKO D. , JOR O. , LEHMANN C. , CERNY V. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryFor microcirculation research there is a need for baseline data and feasibility protocols describing microcirculation of various organs. The aim of our study was to examine the reliability and reproducibility of sidestream dark‐field (SDF) imaging within the renal cortical microcirculation in rats. Renal microcirculation was observed using SDF probe placed on the exposed renal surface via the upper midline laparotomy. Video sequences recorded intermittently in short apneic pauses were analyzed off‐line by using AVA 3.0 software (MicroVision Medical, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Results are expressed as mean (SD) or median (25–75% percentiles). We obtained 60 clear sequences from all recorded analyzable videos from all the animals. The total small vessel and all vessel density (in mm.mm–2) were (28.79 ± 0.40) and (28.95 ± 0.40), respectively. The perfused small and all vessel density were (28.79 ± 0.40) and (28.95 ± 0.40), respectively. The DeBacker Score was (19.14 ± 0.43), the proportion of perfused vessels was 100% (100–100%) and the microvascular flow index was 3.49 (3–3.75). We conclude SDF imaging provides a reliable method to examine the renal microvascular bed in vivo and thus can be used for the study of the renal cortical vascular network in various experimental diseases models and clinical settings.
Evaluation of the effective cross‐sections for recombination and trapping in the case of pure spinel
Authors: BOUGHARIOU A. , DAMAMME G. , KALLEL A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we have investigated the evolution of the secondary electron emission in the case of pure spinel during electron irradiation, achieved in a scanning electron microscope at room temperature, which is derived from the measurement of the induced and the secondary electron currents. It was observed from the experimental results, that there are two regimes during the charging process: a plateau followed by a linear variation, which are better identified by plotting the logarithm of the secondary electron emission yield lnσ as function of the total surface density of trapped charges in the material QT. For positive charging, E0 = 1.1 and 5 keV, the slope of the linear part, whose value is of about 10−10 cm2 charge−1, is independent of the primary electron energy. It is interpreted as a microscopic cross section for electron–hole recombination. For negative charging of pure spinel, E0 = 15 and 30 keV, the slope is associated with an electron trapping cross section close to 10−14 cm2 charge−1, which can be assigned to the microscopic cross section for electron trapping. This trapping cross section is four orders of magnitude lower than the recombination one.
Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation: Clinicoradiological Approach to Diagnosis
Authors: Amaral Lázaro L. F. , Gaddikeri Santhosh , Chapman Philip R. , Roy Rasmoni , Gaddikeri Ramya S. , Marussi Victor Hugo , Bag Asim K. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDiscovery of genetic abnormalities associated with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) has led to use of a genetic‐based NBIA classification schema. Most NBIA subtypes demonstrate characteristic imaging abnormalities. While clinical diagnosis of NBIA is difficult, analysis of both clinical findings and characteristic imaging abnormalities allows accurate diagnosis of most of the NBIA subtypes. This article reviews recent updates in the genetic, clinical, and imaging findings of NBIA subtypes and provides a practical step‐by‐step clinicoradiological algorithm toward clinical diagnosis of different NBIA subtypes.
Potential utility of melatonin as an antioxidant therapy in the management of sickle cell anemia
Authors: da Silva Danilo Grünig Humberto , Ricci Octávio , de Almeida Eduardo Alves , Bonini‐Domingos Claudia Regina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to assess antioxidant effects of melatonin treatment compared to N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and to their combination in a sickle cell suspension. Sickle erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate‐buffered saline, pH 7.4, composing external control group. They were also suspended and incubated at 37°C either in the absence (experimental control group) or in the presence of NAC, melatonin and their combination at concentrations of 100 pm, 100 nm and 100 μm for 1 hr (treatment groups). The melatonin influences were evaluated by spectrophotometric [hemolysis degree, catalase (CAT), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities] and chromatographic methods [glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. Incubation period was able to cause a rise about 64% on hemolysis degree as well as practically doubled the lipid peroxidation levels (P < 0.01). However, almost all antioxidants tested treatments neutralized this incubation effect observed in MDA levels. Among the antioxidant biomarkers evaluated, we observed a modulating effect of combined treatment on GPx and SOD activities (P < 0.01), which showed ~25% decrease in their activities. In addition, we found an antioxidant dose‐dependent effect for melatonin on lipid peroxidation (r = −0.29; P = 0.03) and for combined antioxidant treatments also on MDA levels (r = −0.37; P = 0.01) and on SOD activity (r = −0.54; P < 0.01). Hence, these findings contribute with important insight that melatonin individually or in combination with NAC may be useful for sickle cell anemia management.
Chemical composition of yak colostrum and transient milk
Authors: Cui N. , Wen P. C. , Liang Q. , Liu H. N. , Zhang W. B. , Wang P. J. , Guo H. Y. , Ren F. Z. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the changes in the chemical composition of yak colostrum and transient milk. Samples were collected from 12 yaks on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 post‐partum (PP). The gross composition, nitrogen fraction distribution, amino acid (AA) profile and fatty acid (FA) profile were analysed. All the components decreased rapidly during the first 3 days except lactose which increased. The ratio of whey protein to casein protein decreased from 46:54 to 17:83 during the first 7 daysPP. The content of all theAAs decreased, while the percentages of eight essentialAAs in protein of samples increased during the study period. MonounsaturatedFAs and polyunsaturatedFAs decreased in the first 7 daysPP, whereas saturatedFAs increased. In conclusion, the changes in chemical composition were remarkable during the first 3 days. The slight variations, happened during the transient period, are not negligible, which also should be taken into account in the development of yak colostrum supplements.
Nature and Origin of “Squirting” in Female Sexuality
Authors: Salama Samuel , Boitrelle Florence , Gauquelin Amélie , Malagrida Lydia , Thiounn Nicolas , Desvaux Pierre 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During sexual stimulation, some women report the discharge of a noticeable amount of fluid from the urethra, a phenomenon also called “squirting.” To date, both the nature and the origin of squirting remain controversial. In this investigation, we not only analyzed the biochemical nature of the emitted fluid, but also explored the presence of any pelvic liquid collection that could result from sexual arousal and explain a massive fluid emission.

Methods
Seven women, without gynecologic abnormalities and who reported recurrent and massive fluid emission during sexual stimulation, underwent provoked sexual arousal. Pelvic ultrasound scans were performed after voluntary urination (US1), and during sexual stimulation just before (US2) and after (US3) squirting. Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were assessed in urinary samples before sexual stimulation (BSU) and after squirting (ASU), and squirting sample itself (S).

Results
In all participants, US1 confirmed thorough bladder emptiness. After a variable time of sexual excitation, US2 (just before squirting) showed noticeable bladder filling, and US3 (just after squirting) demonstrated that the bladder had been emptied again. Biochemical analysis of BSU, S, and ASU showed comparable urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations in all participants. Yet, whereas PSA was not detected in BSU in six out of seven participants, this antigen was present in S and ASU in five out of seven participants.

Conclusions
The present data based on ultrasonographic bladder monitoring and biochemical analyses indicate that squirting is essentially the involuntary emission of urine during sexual activity, although a marginal contribution of prostatic secretions to the emitted fluid often exists.
Asexuality: An Extreme Variant of Sexual Desire Disorder?
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Yule Morag A. , Gorzalka Boris B. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Human asexuality is defined as a lack of sexual attraction to anyone or anything. Various theories have been proposed to explain how asexuality should best be classified, and some have maintained that asexuality is an extreme variant of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)—a sexual dysfunction characterized by a lack of interest in sex and significant distress. To date, this has never been empirically examined.

Aim and Method
Using measures of sexual desire and behavior, sex-related distress, personality, and psychopathology, the aim of the current study was to compare individuals scoring above the cutoff for asexuality identification (AIS &gt;40) (n = 192) to sexual individuals (n = 231). The sexual group was further divided into a control group (n = 122), a HSDD group (n = 50), and a group with symptoms of low desire that were nondistressing (n = 59).

Results
Analyses were controlled for age. Individuals in the AIS &gt;40 group had a greater likelihood of never previously engaging in sexual intercourse, fantasies, or kissing and petting than all other groups and a lower likelihood of experiencing sex-related distress than those with HSDD. For women, those in the HSDD and AIS &gt;40 groups had significantly lower desire than the subclinical HSDD and control groups. Men in the AIS &gt;40 group had significantly lower desire than the other three groups. Symptoms of depression were highest among those with subclinical HSDD and HSDD, whereas there were no group differences on alexithymia or desirable responding. A binary logistic regression indicated that relationship status (long-term dating/married), sexual desire, sex-related distress, and lower alexithymia scores were the best predictors of group membership (HSDD vs. AIS &gt;40).

Conclusion
Taken together, these results challenge the speculation that asexuality should be classified as a sexual dysfunction of low desire.
Land‐use intensity and host plant identity interactively shape communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of grassland plants
Authors: Vályi Kriszta , Rillig Matthias C. , Hempel Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Summary

We studied the effect of host plant identity and land‐use intensity (LUI) on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) communities in roots of grassland plants. These are relevant factors for intraradical AMF communities in temperate grasslands, which are habitats where AMF are present in high abundance and diversity. In order to focus on fungi that directly interact with the plant at the time, we investigated root‐colonizing communities.

Our study sites represent an LUI gradient with different combinations of grazing, mowing, and fertilization. We used massively parallel multitag pyrosequencing to investigate AMF communities in a large number of root samples, while being able to track the identity of the host.

We showed that host plants significantly differed in AMF community composition, while land use modified this effect in a plant species‐specific manner. Communities in medium and low land‐use sites were subsets of high land‐use communities, suggesting a differential effect of land use on the dispersal of AMF species with different abundances and competitive abilities.

We demonstrate that in these grasslands, there is a small group of highly abundant, generalist fungi which represent the dominating species in the AMF community.
Deontic Modals: Why Abandon the Classical Semantics?
Authors: Horty John 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI begin by reviewing classical semantics and the problems presented by normative conflicts. After a brief detour through default logic, I establish some connections between the treatment of conflicts in each of these two approaches, classical and default, and then move on to consider some further issues: priorities among norms, or reasons, conditional oughts, and reasons about reasons.
Preference‐Conditioned Necessities: Detachment and Practical Reasoning
Authors: Lauer Sven , Condoravdi Cleo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article is about conditionalized modal statements whose antecedents concern a preferential attitude of an agent. The focus is on anankastic conditionals or, as they are known in the philosophical literature, hypothetical imperatives. We present a linguistically‐motivated analysis of anankastic and related conditionals and use it to address challenges for semantic theories of natural language conditionals motivated by certain philosophical concerns about practical reasoning and the requirements of rationality.
The Impact of a National Guideline on the Management of Cancer Pain on the Practice of Pain Assessment and Registration
Authors: Besse Kees , Vernooij‐Dassen Myrra , Vissers Kris , Engels Yvonne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Dutch clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of pain in patients with cancer was published in 2008 and intensively promoted to healthcare professionals who see patients with cancer. One of the most important recommendations is the systematic registering of the pain and its intensity. To evaluate in which degree this part of the practice guideline is implemented, we analyzed the medical records of patients attending the outpatient oncological clinic in an academic hospital, a large teaching hospital, and 4 smaller peripheral hospitals.None of the participating hospitals assessed pain by a standardized scale. Reference to pain in the medical record happened more frequently in the academic hospital than in the other hospitals. The frequency of recording pain in the medical record in the academic hospital was much higher in this study than the one previously reported, whereas the findings in the other hospitals were comparable. There may be several reasons for the difference in reporting rate of pain in patients with cancer. Our findings indicate that the clinical practice guideline with regard to pain registration is poorly implemented in oncology outpatient clinics.More efforts should be made to generate the awareness for the need of pain registration.
Opening Enediyne Scissors Wider: pH‐Dependent DNA Photocleavage by meta‐Diyne Lysine Conjugates
Authors: Kaya Kemal , Johnson Madeleine , Alabugin Igor V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhotochemical activation of meta‐diynes incapable of Bergman and C1–C5 cyclizations still leads to efficient double‐strand DNA cleavage. Spatial proximity of the two arylethynyl groups is not required for efficient DNA photocleavage by the enediyne‐lysine conjugates. Efficiency of the cleavage is a function of the external pH and DNA damage is strongly enhanced at pH < 7. The pH‐dependence of the DNA photocleavage activity stems from the protonation states of lysine amino groups, the internal electron donors responsible for intramolecular PET quenching and deactivation of the photoreactive excited states. DNA‐binding analysis suggests intercalative DNA binding for phenyl substituted conjugate and groove binding for TFP‐substituted conjugate. Additional insights in the possible mechanism for DNA damage from the ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenger experiments found that generation of singlet oxygen is partially involved in the DNA damage.
The embodied brain
Authors: Fabiani Monica 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this editorial, I discuss the advantages of interpreting brain data in the context of other bodily systems. I also discuss current research challenges that may greatly benefit from a psychophysiological approach in which multiple methods—both peripheral and central—are used to improve our understanding of brain function, its underlying physiology, and its relationship to psychological constructs. In closing, I summarize the major changes and policy highlights regarding papers published in Psychophysiology.
A Case of Bronze Turkey Twins Developing from Hatching
Authors: Damaziak K , Michalczuk M , Zdanowska‐Sąsiadek Ż , Niemiec J 
Published: December 2014

ContentsA double‐yolked egg that was laid by an 11‐month‐old bronze turkey hen on 2 April, 2013 was reported. The presented case of developing turkey twin embryos is the first ever described case for this species. The egg weighed 125 g and had 74.6 mm in length and 53.0 mm in width. The embryos died between the 23rd and 24th day of incubation. Both twin 1 and twin 2 were fully developed with body weights of: 37.7 g and 40.3 g, respectively. The likely causes of death include inappropriate arrangement of embryos and insufficient gas exchange in the last period of incubation. The embryos were arranged along the long axis of the egg, one underneath the other, and were closely adhering to one another. The twins were different in plumage pigmentation. In twin 1, a spontaneous mutation of plumage pigmentation (B) was observed, whereas twin 2 showed appropriate pigmentation (b+) in respect to parents.