bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandarin-English bilingual vocabulary development in an English-immersion preschool: How does it compare with monolingual development?
Authors: Lin Lu-Chun , Johnson Cynthia J 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectives: A common phenomenon in many Asian countries is parents enrolling their preschoolers in bilingual or English-immersion programs to provide a head start in learning English. A frequently raised concern is that learning English too early can hamper children’s language development. This study examined the receptive and expressive vocabularies of children in an English-immersion preschool in Taiwan and compared their receptive and expressive vocabulary skills to those of their monolingual peers. Methodology: Mandarin receptive and expressive vocabulary tests were individually administered to 25 bilingual Mandarin-English-speaking and 24 monolingual Mandarin-speaking 5-year-olds, while standardized English receptive and expressive vocabulary tests were given to the bilinguals only. Data analysis: Multivariate analysis of variance and one-sample t-tests were performed to determine whether the bilinguals showed a gap in the development of receptive and expressive vocabulary compared to Mandarin monolingual peers or to English monolingual norms. Follow-up analyses were further conducted to determine differences between the bilingual and monolingual groups on specific vocabulary items. Findings and conclusions: Findings corroborate previous studies that show relatively smaller receptive and expressive vocabularies in bilinguals’ L1 and L2. Follow-up analyses further suggest the circumstance-specific and distributed nature of bilingual vocabulary. Possible explanations proposed in the literature and the present study provide an insight into the nature of bilingual vocabulary development. Originality and implications: The present study provides a preliminary understanding of Mandarin-English vocabulary development in a group of bilingual preschoolers learning English in an English-as-a-foreign language-immersion program, a less-studied context. Insight into the nature of bilingual vocabulary development in different contexts should enable concerned parents and language educators to provide language-rich home and school environments, with exposure to a variety of words and support for learning translation equivalents.
Relationship between polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese Dai population
Authors: Zha Yong , Gan Ping , Liu Qin , Tan Jing 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( ACE) is directly involved in the process of cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. It also plays a vital role in inducing liver fibrosis and developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the risk of HCC in a Chinese Dai population. Materials and methods: We conducted a study including 210 patients with HCC and 206 healthy controls in Yunnan Cancer Hospital between January 2012–January 2014. I/D genotypes of ACE were determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. Results: The ACE D allele was more frequent in the HCC cases than in the controls (51.7% vs 44.4%, p=0.036). Individuals with DD genotypes were associated with increased HCC risk compared with those with the II genotypes (odds ratio (OR), 1.911; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.081–3.379; p=0.025). However, the ACE I/D polymorphism were not significantly associated with any clinicopathological characteristics such as the tumor stage, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Conclusions: The DD genotypes of ACE I/D polymorphism might contribute to the prediction of HCC risk in a Chinese Dai population.
Staff silence about abuse in health care: An exploratory study at a Swedish women’s clinic
Authors: Brüggemann A Jelmer , Swahnberg Katarina 
Published: September 2014

Background It has been well documented that patients can feel abused in health care and that many patients suffer from these experiences. Insight lacks into contributing factors behind such events. Silence surrounding the abuse has been suggested as a possible mechanism. The present study explores silence surrounding the abuse as a possible contributing factor. We have explored whether this silence is connected with the staff’s hierarchical position and with the staff’s own experiences as patients abused in health care. Methods During January 2008, a paper questionnaire was sent to all staff members at a Swedish women’s clinic. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemography and profession and multiple questions about abuse in health care. After univariate testing, a binary logistic regression model including variables concerning profession and staff’s own experiences of abuse was built. Results Our data show that in contrast to midwives and gynaecologists, auxiliary nurses seldom report hearing about cases of abuse in health care. Staff who themselves experienced abuse in health care as patients, so-called wounded healers, were more likely to have heard about abuse in health care during the last 12 months. Conclusions This study suggests that a form of silence reigns over events of abuse in health care that is not randomly distributed over staff. Professional hierarchies and staff’s own experiences of abuse as patients could be considered in the design of interventions to break the silence surrounding patients’ experiences of abuse in health care.
Using 7.5 frames per second reduces radiation exposure in lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions
Authors: Akkus Nuri I , Mina George S , Abdulbaki Abdulrahman , Shafiei Fereidoon , Tandon Neeraj 
Published: September 2014

Background Peripheral vascular interventions can be associated with significant radiation exposure to the patient and the operator. Objective In this study, we sought to compare the radiation dose between peripheral vascular interventions using fluoroscopy frame rate of 7.5 frames per second (fps) and those performed at the standard 15 fps and procedural outcomes. Methods We retrospectively collected data from consecutive 87 peripheral vascular interventions performed during 2011 and 2012 from two medical centers. The patients were divided into two groups based on fluoroscopy frame rate; 7.5 fps (group A, n = 44) and 15 fps (group B, n = 43). We compared the demographic, clinical, procedural characteristics/outcomes, and radiation dose between the two groups. Radiation dose was measured as dose area product in micro Gray per meter square. Results Median dose area product was significantly lower in group A (3358, interquartile range (IQR) 2052–7394) when compared to group B (8812, IQR 4944–17,370), p < 0.001 with no change in median fluoroscopy time in minutes (18.7, IQR 11.1–31.5 vs. 15.7, IQR 10.1–24.1), p = 0.156 or success rate (93.2% vs. 95.3%), p > 0.999. Conclusion Using fluoroscopy at the rate of 7.5 fps during peripheral vascular interventions is associated with lower radiation dose compared to the standard 15 fps with comparable success rate without associated increase in the fluoroscopy time or the amount of the contrast used. Therefore, using fluoroscopy at the rate of 7.5 fps should be considered in peripheral vascular interventions.
Endovascular embolization of a muscular symptomatic arteriovenous malformation with Glubran 2 acrylic glue
Authors: San Norberto Enrique M , Brizuela José A , Revilla Álvaro , Taylor James H , Vaquero Carlos 
Published: September 2014

Objective Few cases of muscle arteriovenous malformations have been reported in literature to date. Case report We report the case of a 32-year-old man presenting a muscle arteriovenous malformation involving the vastus lateralis muscle with recurrent episodes of pain. The patient was treated by transcatheter embolization with Glubran 2 acrylic glue. There were no periprocedural or subsequent clinical complications, the glue resulted in successful selective occlusion and the patient showed resolution of symptoms at the six-months follow-up. Conclusions Endovascular therapy has been shown to be beneficial in patients with high surgical risks and is the treatment of choice for arteriovenous malformation lesions that extend beyond the deep fascia and involve muscle, tendon, and bone. Glubran 2 constitutes a useful tool to attempt embolization of the muscle arteriovenous malformation nidus, with easier handling and promising results.
Evaluation of a community arts installation event in support of public health
Authors: Philipp Robin , Gibbons Nigel , Thorne Pam , Wiltshire Laura , Burrough June , Easterby John 
Published: September 2014

Aims: This study is set in the context of recent arts and health developments. It evaluates the worth for public health of a ten day community arts installation event held in Bristol, England, in support of new immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Methods: Action research methods were used by members of a creative writing group to elicit among 434 public visitors their free-text reflections on the project and/or their reactions to the event. Based on the three themes of the event, ‘Homes’, ‘Histories’ and ‘Hope’, three independent researchers coded the material for analysis. Results: Participants addressed the theme of hope much more frequently than home or histories. Responses to all three themes were mostly positive. What they hoped was principally for opportunities for themselves and others to be able to enjoy life more and in non-material ways. In all, 45% of them expressed appreciation for the event helping to raise awareness and understanding of the roles of arts and culture in the community. Conclusion: Despite its methodological limitations, the study identified non-material ways individuals can be enabled to feel better supported in society and more positive in their outlooks. From the findings, to help strengthen social capital, community cohesion and constructive citizenship, the outline of a proposed educational tool is presented.
Driving Reaction Times in Patients With Foot and Ankle Pathology Before and After Image-Guided Injection
Authors: Talusan Paul G. , Miller Christopher P. , Save Ameya V. , Reach John S. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Foot and ankle pathology is common in the driving population. Local anesthetic steroid injections are frequent ambulatory treatments. Brake reaction time (BRT) has validated importance in motor vehicle safety. There are no prior studies examining the effect of foot and ankle pathology and injection treatment on the safe operation of motor vehicles. We studied BRT in patients with foot and ankle musculoskeletal disease before and after image-guided injection treatment. Methods: A total of 37 participants were enrolled. Image-guided injections of local anesthetic and steroid were placed into the pathological anatomical location of the right or left foot and ankles. A driving reaction timer was used to measure BRTs before and after injection. Patients suffering right “driving” and left “nondriving” pathology as well as a healthy control group were studied. Results: All patients reported >90% pain relief postinjection. All injections were confirmed to be accurate by imaging. Post hoc Bonferonni analysis demonstrated significant difference between the healthy group and the right-sided injection group (P = .008). Mean BRT for healthy controls was 0.57 ± 0.11 s. Patients suffering right foot and ankle disease displayed surprisingly high BRTs (0.80 ± 0.23 s preinjection and 0.78 ± 0.16 s postinjection, P > .99). Left nondriving foot and ankle pathology presented a driving hazard as well (BRT of 0.75 ± 0.12 s preinjection and 0.77 ± 0.12 s postinjection, P > .99). Injections relieved pain but did not significantly alter BRT (P > .99 for all). Conclusion: Patients suffering chronic foot and ankle pathology involving either the driving or nondriving side have impaired BRTs. This preexisting driving impairment has not previously been reported and exceeds recommended cutoff safety values in the United States. Despite symptom improvement, there was no statistically significant change in BRT following image-guided injection in either foot and ankle. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Prospective Comparative Study
Is citation index a good indicator of landmark papers in urology?
Authors: McLoughlin LC , O’Kelly F , Thornhill JA 
Published: September 2014

Objective: Knowledge of landmark papers in urology is essential both for the practise of evidence-based medicine and for trainees requiring a syllabus for the FRCS Urology examination. Citation index (CI) is seen as a direct measure of the quality of a scientific paper. The aim of this study was to compare papers with the highest CI in each urologic sub-speciality with the landmark papers in urology. Methods: Seventy-nine of the highest impact factor journals in urology, medicine and urologic sub-specialities were identified from the Journal of Citation Reports: Science edition 2012. Urology papers with the highest CI were identified from these journals using the database of the Science CI (1965–2012). Forty-four landmark papers in urology were then identified from textbooks, recommended reading lists for the FRCS Urology examination, and publications on landmark urology papers. High CI papers were then compared to landmark papers. Results: The top 10 cited papers in each urologic sub-speciality were identified. A total of 31.8% ( n = 14) landmark papers were among the top 10 cited papers. Urinary tract infection had the highest proportion of landmark papers in the top 10 cited articles. Kidney cancer papers had the highest mean CI while urinary tract trauma had the lowest. Conclusion: This study shows that CI alone is a poor indicator of landmark papers in urology. This paper gives a comprehensive overview both of landmark papers in urology and those with the highest CI, and may be used as an adjunct to the FRCS Urology syllabus.
Genetic variants in PLG, LPA, and SIGLEC 14 as well as smoking contribute to plasma plasminogen levels
Authors: Ma Qianyi , Ozel Ayse B. , Ramdas Shweta , McGee Beth , Khoriaty Rami , Siemieniak David , Li Hong-Dong , Guan Yuanfang , Brody Lawrence C. , Mills James L. , Molloy Anne M. , Ginsburg David , Li Jun Z. , Desch Karl C. 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
Genome-wide association analyses revealed common DNA variants in PLG, LPA, and near SIGLEC14 that contribute to plasma plasminogen level variation. Tobacco smoking and female sex were associated with higher levels of plasminogen.
A Bim-targeting strategy overcomes adaptive bortezomib resistance in myeloma through a novel link between autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhang Yu , Zhou Liang , Leng Yun , Lin Hui , Kmieciak Maciej , Pei Xin-Yan , Jones Richard , Orlowski Robert Z. , Dai Yun , Grant Steven 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
Loss of Bim contributes to adaptive rather than intrinsic bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. A Bim-targeting strategy combining an HDACI with a BH3 mimetic overcomes such resistance through a new link between autophagy and apoptosis.
T-cell-replete haploidentical HSCT with low-dose anti-T-lymphocyte globulin compared with matched sibling HSCT and unrelated HSCT
Authors: Luo Yi , Xiao Haowen , Lai Xiaoyu , Shi Jimin , Tan Yamin , He Jingsong , Xie Wanzhuo , Zheng Weiyan , Zhu Yuanyuan , Ye Xiujin , Yu Xiaohong , Cai Zhen , Lin Maofang , Huang He 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
We developed an approach of T-cell-replete haploidentical HSCT with low-dose anti-T-lymphocyte globulin. Outcomes of suitably matched URD-HSCT and HRD-HSCT are similar, and HRD-HSCT improves outcomes of patients with high-risk leukemia.
Preoperative risk factor analysis of postoperative stroke after Cox-maze procedure with mitral valve repair
Authors: Kim Jun Seok , Lee Song Am , Park Jae Bum , Chee Hyun Keun , Chung Jin Woo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a life-threatening arrhythmia that carries the high risk of thromboembolic complication. Stroke often develops in patients who undergo successful Cox Maze procedure, despite the fact that the procedure has shown a high rate of success in sinus conversion from AF. This study examined the preoperative risk factors predictive of stroke following Cox Maze procedure in patients with mitral valve disease.

Methods
240 patients with the mean age of 57 years underwent Cox-Maze IV procedure with mitral valve repair from November 2007 through December 2010. All patients were available during the follow-up period with the mean duration of 23.6 months. This study excluded those patients who had undergone mitral valve replacement because of maintenance of warfarin medication

Results
Sixteen patients had an ischemic stroke. Of these sixteen patients, six had a transitional ischemic accident while the remaining ten had cerebral infarction. Twelve of sixteen showed sustained sinus rhythm, three showed AF and one had pacing rhythm. Univariate analysis showed that only preoperative stroke history was associated with postoperative stroke (p = 0.03). High CHA2DS2-VASc score, rheumatic etiology, large left atrium (LA), preoperative or postoperative LA thrombus, age, sex, hypertension, and concomitant surgery were not associated with predictive risks for stroke.

Conclusions
In the group of patients who underwent the Cox-Maze procedure with mitral valve repair, having a stroke history was the only preoperative risk factor that could lead to a stroke event after surgery. Accordingly, patients with affliction of ischemic stroke, albeit sustained sinus rhythm, may require prophylactic anticoagulation.
Risk of breast cancer and family history of other cancers in first-degree relatives in Chinese women: a case control study
Authors: Zhou Wenbin , Ding Qiang , Pan Hong , Wu Naping , Liang Mengdi , Huang Yaoyu , Chen Lin , Zha Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoan , Wang Shui 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Few studies have systematically reported the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and family history of other cancers. This study was designed to systematically determine the relationship between breast cancer risk and family history of other cancers in first-degree relatives.

Methods
Between January 2006 and June 2011, 823 women diagnosed with breast cancer were included, and age-matched women diagnosed with benign breast disease were selected as controls. Family history of other cancers in first-degree relatives was recorded by trained reviewers. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationships.

Results
A family history of esophagus cancer (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.11 – 6.57), lung cancer (OR: 2.49 95% CI: 1.10 – 5.65), digestive system cancer (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.14 – 2.79) and any cancer (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.49 – 3.04) in first-degree relatives was directly associated with increased breast cancer risk. In subgroup analysis, the risk of hormone receptor positive breast cancer was increased in subjects with a family history of lung cancer (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.45 – 7.82), while the risk of hormone receptor negative breast cancer was increased in subjects with a family history of esophagus cancer (OR: 6.19, 95% CI: 2.30 – 16.71), uterus cancer (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.12 – 42.89), digestive tract cancer (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.03 – 4.10) and gynecology cancer (OR: 6.79, 95% CI: 1.46 – 31.65). Additionally, a significant increase in breast cancer was observed with a family history of digestive system cancer for subjects 50 y and younger (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.03 – 3.43), not for subjects 50 y older (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.86 – 3.25).

Conclusions
Breast cancer aggregates in families with several types of cancer especially for digestive system cancer. The influence of a family history of other cancers seems more likely to be limited to hormone receptor negative breast cancer.
Design of dual-diameter nanoholes for efficient solar-light harvesting
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Xiaofeng , Shang Aixue , Wu Shaolong , Zhan Yaohui , Yang Zhenhai 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A dual-diameter nanohole (DNH) photovoltaic system is proposed, where a top (bottom) layer with large (small) nanoholes is used to improve the absorption for the short-wavelength (long-wavelength) solar incidence, leading to a broadband light absorption enhancement. Through three-dimensional finite-element simulation, the core device parameters, including the lattice constant, nanohole diameters, and nanohole depths, are engineered in order to realize the best light-matter coupling between nanostructured silicon and solar spectrum. The designed bare DNH system exhibits an outstanding absorption capability with a photocurrent density (under perfect internal quantum process) predicted to be 27.93 mA/cm2, which is 17.39%, 26.17%, and over 100% higher than the best single-nanohole (SNH) system, SNH system with an identical Si volume, and equivalent planar configuration, respectively. Considering the fabrication feasibility, a modified DNH system with an anti-reflection coating and back silver reflector is examined by simulating both optical absorption and carrier transport in a coupled way in frequency and three-dimensional spatial domains, achieving a light-conversion efficiency of 13.72%.

PACS

85.60.-q; Optoelectronic device; 84.60.Jt; Photovoltaic conversion
Influence of water content in mixed solvent on surface morphology, wettability, and photoconductivity of ZnO thin films
Authors: Zhao Min , Shang Fengjiao , Lv Jianguo , Song Ying , Wang Feng , Zhou Zhitao , He Gang , Zhang Miao , Song Xueping , Sun Zhaoqi , Wei Yiyong , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
ZnO thin films have been synthesized by means of a simple hydrothermal method with different solvents. The effect of deionized water content in the mixed solvents on the surface morphology, crystal structure, and optical property has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A large number of compact and well-aligned hexagonal ZnO nanorods and the maximal texture coefficient have been observed in the thin film, which is grown in the mixed solvent with x = 40%. A lot of sparse, diagonal, and pointed nanorods can be seen in the ZnO thin film, which is grown in the 40-mL DI water solution. The optical band gap decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of x. Reversible wettability of ZnO thin films were studied by home-made water contact angle apparatus. Reversible transition between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity may be attributed to the change of surface chemical composition, surface roughness and the proportion of nonpolar planes on the surface of ZnO thin films. Photocurrent response of ZnO thin films grown at different solvents were measured in air. The response duration of the thin film, which is grown in the solvent with x = 40%, exhibits a fast growth in the beginning but cannot approach the saturate current value within 100 s. The theoretical mechanism for the slower growth or decay duration of the photocurrent has been discussed in detail.
Improved conversion efficiency of amorphous Si solar cells using a mesoporous ZnO pattern
Authors: Go Bit-Na , Kim Yang Doo , suk Oh Kyoung , Kim Chaehyun , Choi Hak-Jong , Lee Heon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
To provide a front transparent electrode for use in highly efficient hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film solar cells, porous flat layer and micro-patterns of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layers were prepared through ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) and deposited on Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layers. Through this, it was found that a porous micro-pattern of ZnO NPs dispersed in resin can optimize the light-trapping pattern, with the efficiency of solar cells based on patterned or flat mesoporous ZnO layers increased by 27% and 12%, respectively.