bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth-promoting effects of pepsin- and trypsin-treated caseinomacropeptide from bovine milk on probiotics
Authors: Robitaille Gilles , Champagne Claude P 
Published: June 2014

Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are generally fastidious bacteria and require rich media for propagation. In milk-based media, they grow poorly, and nitrogen supplementation is required to produce high bacterial biomass levels. It has been reported that caseinomacropeptide (CMP), a 7-kDa peptide released from κ-casein during renneting or gastric digestion, exhibits some growth-promoting activity for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. During the digestive process, peptides derived from CMP are detected in the intestinal lumen The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of peptic and tryptic digests of CMP on probiotic lactic acid bacteria growth in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRS) and in milk during fermentation at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. The study showed that pepsin-treated CMP used as supplements at 0·5 g/l can promote the growth of probiotics even in peptone-rich environments such as MRS. The effect was strain-dependent and evident for the strains that grow poorly in MRS, with an improvement of >1·5 times (P<0·05) by addition of pepsin-treated CMP. Trypsin-treated CMP was much less efficient as growth promoter. Moreover, pepsin-treated CMP was effective in promoting the growth in milk of all probiotic lactic acid bacteria tested, with biomass levels being improved significantly, by 1·7 to 2·6 times (P<0·05), depending on the strain. Thus, supplementation of MRS and of milk with pepsin-treated CMP would be advantageous for the production of high biomass levels for Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli.
The Strategic Listing Decisions of Hedge Funds
Authors: Jorion Philippe , Schwarz Christopher 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe voluntary nature of hedge fund database reporting creates strategic listing opportunities for hedge funds. However, little is known about how managers list funds across multiple databases or whether investors are fooled by funds’ listing decisions. In this paper, we find that hedge funds strategically list their small, best-performing funds in multiple outlets immediately while preserving the option to list their other funds in additional databases later. We generally find that investors react rationally to these fund listings based on the predictability of performance. Finally, our results lead to specific guidelines on handling backfilled returns to minimize biases.
Revisiting the pathways to retirement: a latent structure model of the dynamics of transition from work to retirement
Authors: TANG FENGYAN , BURR JEFFREY A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA dynamic latent structure model of the work–retirement transition process was identified, focusing on transitions of work and retirement status for men and women aged 51–74 years. Using the Health and Retirement Study data (1998–2004), latent transition analysis was used to identify a best fitting model capturing work–retirement statuses in four samples defined by age and sex. The prevalence of each status was described and the dynamic transition probabilities within the latent structure were examined. Using multinomial logistic regression, socio-demographic, health, family and occupational factors were assessed to determine how each was related to the likelihood of occupying a specific latent status at baseline. Results showed that study respondents were classified into distinct groups: full retiree, partial retiree or part-time worker, full-time worker, work-disabled or home-maker. The prevalence of full retiree status increased, while the prevalence for full-time worker status decreased over time for both men and women. Membership rates in the work-disabled and partial retiree status were generally consistent, with decreased probabilities of the work-disabled status in the older age groups and increased probabilities of partial retirees among younger men. Our findings indicated that many older Americans experience multiple transitions on the pathway to retirement. Future research on late-life labour-force transitions should evaluate the impact of the recent Great Recession and examine the role of larger socio-economic contexts.
Temporal and regional variations in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in Japan, 2001–2010
Authors: NAKATANI E. , NISHIMURA T. , ZHOU B. , KANEDA H. , TERAMUKAI S. , NAGAI Y. , FUKUSHIMA M. , KANATANI Y. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to examine temporal and regional variations of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) in a retrospective study using Japanese national surveillance data from 2001 to 2010. We calculated the incidence of sCJD by age and sex, derived the standardized incidence in each of the 47 prefectures, and performed spatial disease clustering analysis. The average annual incidence of sCJD was 1·026 per million in men (637 patients) and 1·132 per million in women (733 patients), a significant sex difference after adjustment for age (P = 0·001). The ratios of familial CJD to sCJD apparently increased between 2001–2005 and 2006–2010, possibly as a result of the nationwide introduction of genetic testing after 2006. Based on the data of 2006–2010, certain geographical clusters of sCJD were identified. The incidence of sCJD was higher in several specific prefectures compared to the national average. Thus, sCJD appears to have regional variations, suggesting the existence of genetic or region-specific factors affecting the incidence of the disease.
Clinical perspective: Linking psychosocial care to the disease continuum in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Zabora James , Buzaglo Joanne , Kennedy Vicki , Richards Tiffany , Schapmire Tara , Zebrack Brad , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:A model of psychosocial care specific for patients with multiple myeloma and their caregivers has not yet been proposed. We sought to develop a model of care that considers the specific profile of this disease.Method:The authors, representing a multidisciplinary care team, met in December of 2012 to identify a model of psychosocial care for patients with multiple myeloma and their caregivers. This model was determined by consensus during the meeting and via total agreement following the meeting. The meeting was sponsored by Onyx Pharmaceuticals.Results:The need for targeted psychosocial care for the multiple myeloma patient and caregiver throughout the disease process is essential to ensure quality of life and optimal treatment outcomes. We propose herein the first known model of care for the treatment of multiple myeloma that engages both the patient and their caregivers.Significance of results:Innovative partnerships between psychosocial providers and other entities such as pharmaceutical companies can maximize resources for comprehensive program development. This manuscript proposes a model of care that promotes active engagement in therapies for multiple myeloma while engaging the individual patient and their family caregivers. This treatment approach must be evidence based in terms of distress screening tools, comprehensive psychosocial assessments, and, most importantly, in the interventions and measurements of response that clinicians apply to this population.
Moral Politics: The Religious Factor in Referenda Voting
Authors: Rapp Carolin , Traunmüller Richard , Freitag Markus , Vatter Adrian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article combines the research strands of moral politics and political behavior by focusing on the effect of individual and contextual religiosity on individual vote decisions in popular initiatives and public referenda concerning morally charged issues. We rely on a total of 13 surveys with 1,000 respondents each conducted after every referendum on moral policies in Switzerland between 1992 and 2012. Results based on cross-classified multilevel models show that religious behaving instead of nominal religious belonging plays a crucial role in decision making on moral issues. This supports the idea that the traditional confessional cleavage is replaced by a new religious cleavage that divides the religious from the secular. This newer cleavage is characterized by party alignments that extend from electoral to direct democratic voting behavior. Overall, our study lends support to previous findings drawn from American research on moral politics, direct democracies, and the public role of religion.
Erratum: Classification and quantification of bacteriophage taxa in human gut metagenomes
Authors: Waller Alison S , Yamada Takuji , Kristensen David M , Kultima Jens Roat , Sunagawa Shinichi , Koonin Eugene V , Bork Peer 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 1548–1550; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.30; published online 13 March 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error in Figure 1a, namely that the columns were not clustered and the column labels were incorrect, in that 252.Gut.PFPR and 61.
Evolutionary optimality in sex differences of longevity and athletic performances
Authors: Asanuma Hiromi , Kakishima Satoshi , Ito Hiromu , Kobayashi Kazuya , Hasegawa Eisuke , Asami Takahiro , Matsuura Kenji , Roff Derek A. , Yoshimura Jin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany sexual differences are known in human and animals. It is well known that females are superior in longevity, while males in athletic performances. Even though some sexual differences are attributed to the evolutionary tradeoff between survival and reproduction, the aforementioned sex differences are difficult to explain by this tradeoff. Here we show that the evolutionary tradeoff occurs among three components: (1) viability, (2) competitive ability and (3) reproductive effort. The sexual differences in longevity and athletic performances are attributed to the tradeoff between viability (survival) and competitive ability that belongs to the physical makeup of an individual, but not related to the tradeoff between survival and reproduction. This provides a new perspective on sex differences in human and animals: females are superior in longevity and disease recovery, while males are superior in athletic performance.
MicroRNA-199a-3p and microRNA-34a regulate apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhang Ying-Ze , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2014

miRNAs (microRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs [18–25 nt (nucleotides)] that regulate gene expression mainly through affecting post-transcriptional modification. Osteosarcoma is an aggressive sarcoma of the bone characterized by a high level of genetic instability and recurrent DNA deletions and amplifications. miRNAs play an important role in cancer cell growth and migration; however, the potential roles of miRNAs in osteosarcoma remain largely uncharacterized. In this paper, miR-199a and miR-34a were discussed the mechanisms of apoptosis using miRNA mimics in human osteosarcoma cells. The results demonstrated that miR-199a and miR-34a could induce the apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells via p53 signalling pathway.
Dialect Awareness and Lexical Comprehension of Mainstream American English in African American English–Speaking Children
Authors: Edwards Jan , Gross Megan , Chen Jianshen , MacDonald Maryellen C. , Kaplan David , Brown Megan , Seidenberg Mark S. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
This study was designed to examine the relationships among minority dialect use, language ability, and young African American English (AAE)–speaking children's understanding and awareness of Mainstream American English (MAE).

Method
Eighty-three 4- to 8-year-old AAE-speaking children participated in 2 experimental tasks. One task evaluated their awareness of differences between MAE and AAE, whereas the other task evaluated their lexical comprehension of MAE in contexts that were ambiguous in AAE but unambiguous in MAE. Receptive and expressive vocabulary, receptive syntax, and dialect density were also assessed.

Results
The results of a series of mixed-effect models showed that children with larger expressive vocabularies performed better on both experimental tasks, relative to children with smaller expressive vocabularies. Dialect density was a significant predictor only of MAE lexical comprehension; children with higher levels of dialect density were less accurate on this task.

Conclusions
Both vocabulary size and dialect density independently influenced MAE lexical comprehension. The results suggest that children with high levels of nonmainstream dialect use have more difficulty understanding words in MAE, at least in challenging contexts, and suggest directions for future research.
Preferential cooling of hot extremes from cropland albedo management
Authors: Davin Edouard L. , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Ciais Philippe , Olioso Albert , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2014

Significance
The projected increase in warm extremes associated with climate change is a major concern for society and represents a threat to humans and ecosystems. This study shows that heat wave impacts could be attenuated locally by increasing surface albedo through crop residue management (no-till farming). This is due to an identified asymmetric impact of surface albedo change on summer temperature distribution resulting in a much stronger influence on hot extremes than on mean temperatures. This finding has important implications for the development of sustainable land management strategies and for the design of climate-engineering measures acting upon high-impact climate extremes.
Detection of genomic variations and DNA polymorphisms and impact on analysis of meiotic recombination and genetic mapping
Authors: Qi Ji , Chen Yamao , Copenhaver Gregory P. , Ma Hong 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Genetic analyses require allelic markers, which are often DNA polymorphisms and can be analyzed by using short reads from high-throughput sequencing. Therefore, accuracy in genetic studies depends on correct identification of DNA polymorphic markers, but genomic structural variants increase the complexity of allelic detection and must be carefully accounted for to avoid errors. Here, we examine potential mistakes in single-nucleotide polymorphism calling caused by structural variants and their impact on detecting meiotic recombination events. Our results demonstrate that it is crucial to examine structural variants in genetic analysis with DNA marker detection by using short reads, with implications for a wide range of genetic analyses.
Extensive sampling of basidiomycete genomes demonstrates inadequacy of the white-rot/brown-rot paradigm for wood decay fungi
Authors: Riley Robert , Salamov Asaf A. , Brown Daren W. , Nagy Laszlo G. , Floudas Dimitrios , Held Benjamin W. , Levasseur Anthony , Lombard Vincent , Morin Emmanuelle , Otillar Robert , Lindquist Erika A. , Sun Hui , LaButti Kurt M. , Schmutz Jeremy , Jabbour Dina , Luo Hong , Baker Scott E. , Pisabarro Antonio G. , Walton Jonathan D. , Blanchette Robert A. , Henrissat Bernard , Martin Francis , Cullen Dan , Hibbett David S. , Grigoriev Igor V. 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceWood decay fungi have historically been characterized as either white rot, which degrade all components of plant cell walls, including lignin, or brown rot, which leave lignin largely intact. Genomic analyses have shown that white-rot species possess multiple lignin-degrading peroxidases (PODs) and expanded suites of enzymes attacking crystalline cellulose. To test the adequacy of the white/brown-rot categories, we analyzed 33 fungal genomes. Some species lack PODs, and thus resemble brown-rot fungi, but possess the cellulose-degrading apparatus typical of white-rot fungi. Moreover, they appear to degrade lignin, based on decay analyses on wood wafers. Our results indicate that the prevailing paradigm of white rot vs. brown rot does not capture the diversity of fungal wood decay mechanisms.
Role of cysteinyl leukotriene signaling in a mouse model of noise-induced cochlear injury
Authors: Park Jung-Sub , Kang Seo-Jun , Seo Mi-kyoung , Jou Ilo , Woo Hyun Goo , Park Sang Myun 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Cysteinyl leukotriene signaling has been known to play an important role in inflammation, and its inhibition has been commonly performed to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this study, we demonstrated that cysteinyl leukotriene signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced cochlear injury and its inhibition by montelukast attenuated noise-induced hair cell death and hearing loss. In addition, we showed that the effects of montelukast on noise-induced hair cell death are mediated through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression. Accordingly, this study will be helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies for noise-induced hearing loss, and it will serve as a basis for investigating other hearing loss disorders in which leukotriene signaling is involved.
Impact of fasting time on hepatic lipid metabolism in nutritional animal studies
Authors: Ikeda Ikuo , Metoki Kanae , Yamahira Takashi , Kato Masaki , Inoue Nao , Nagao Koji , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Shirakawa Hitoshi , Komai Michio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Many animal studies on improvement of lipid metabolism, using dietary components, fast the animals on the final day of the feeding. Although fasting has a significant impact on lipid metabolism, its time-dependent influence is not fully understood. We examined the effects of several fasting times on lipid metabolism. Rats fed with a semisynthetic diet for 2 wk were killed after 0 (9:00 am), 6 (7:00 am–1:00 pm), 9 (0:00 am–9:00 am), and 13 h (8:00 pm–9:00 am) of fasting. Compared to the 0 h group, marked reduction of liver weight and hepatic triacylglycerol content was observed in the 9 and 13 h groups. Activities of hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis gradually decreased during fasting. In contrast, drastic time-dependent reduction of gene expression, of the enzymes, was observed. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA was higher in the fasting groups than in the 0 h group. Our study showed that fasting has a significant impact on several parameters related to lipid metabolism in rat liver.
Cost Analysis of Strategies to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination in the Emergency Department: Sterile Collection Kits and Phlebotomy Teams
Authors: Self Wesley H. , Talbot Thomas R. , Paul Barbara R. , Collins Sean P. , Ward Michael J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveBlood culture collection practices that reduce contamination, such as sterile blood culture collection kits and phlebotomy teams, increase up-front costs for collecting cultures but may lead to net savings by eliminating downstream costs associated with contamination. The study objective was to compare overall hospital costs associated with 3 collection strategies: usual care, sterile kits, and phlebotomy teams.DesignCost analysis.SettingThis analysis was conducted from the perspective of a hospital leadership team selecting a blood culture collection strategy for an adult emergency department (ED) with 8,000 cultures drawn annually.MethodsTotal hospital costs associated with 3 strategies were compared: (1) usual care, with nurses collecting cultures without a standardized protocol; (2) sterile kits, with nurses using a dedicated sterile collection kit; and (3) phlebotomy teams, with cultures collected by laboratory-based phlebotomists. In the base case, contamination rates associated with usual care, sterile kits, and phlebotomy teams were assumed to be 4.34%, 1.68%, and 1.10%, respectively. Total hospital costs included costs of collecting cultures and hospitalization costs according to culture results (negative, true positive, and contaminated).ResultsCompared with usual care, annual net savings using the sterile kit and phlebotomy team strategies were $483,219 and $288,980, respectively. Both strategies remained less costly than usual care across a broad range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsEDs with high blood culture contamination rates should strongly consider evidence-based strategies to reduce contamination. In addition to improving quality, implementing a sterile collection kit or phlebotomy team strategy is likely to result in net cost savings.
The New Epidemiology of Celiac Disease
Authors: Catassi Carlo , Gatti Simona , Fasano Alessio 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies greatly, but several reports have shown that CD is increasing in frequency in different geographic areas. The increase in prevalence can be partially attributed to the improvement in diagnostic techniques and disease awareness; however the equally well documented rise in incidence in the last 30–40 years cannot be so easily explained. The new epidemiology of CD is now characterized by an increase of new cases in the historical CD areas (northern Europe and the United States) and more interestingly in a spread of the disease in new regions (Asian countries). A significant change in diet habits, particularly in gluten consumption as well as in infant feeding patterns are probably the main factors that can account for these new trends in CD epidemiology.
Autoantibodies and CD
Authors: Korponay‐Szabó Ilma R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCeliac disease (CD) is triggered by the consumption of gluten‐containing cereals to which patients mount a T‐lymphocyte and antibody response in both immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G classes coupled with autoantibody production against self‐proteins, predominantly type‐2 (tissue) transglutaminase (TG2). TG2 autoantibodies are biologically active and bind to their target protein in the patients' tissues, including the gut and extraintestinal tissues. This peculiar systemic anti‐TG2 reaction is dependent on the presence of dietary gluten and stops after its elimination. As both anti‐TG2 and anti‐gliadin antibodies are activity markers, their detection is valuable for the disease recognition and therapy monitoring. High concentrations of serum anti‐TG2 antibody positivity supported by highly specific positivity for endomysial antibodies became the critical component of celiac disease diagnosis, although serum antibodies as indirect markers have limitations and are not able to replace histology analysis in all cases. Studies focusing on tissue‐bound antibodies may further improve our understanding of their role.
Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Authors: Zevit Noam , Shamir Raanan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic criteria for celiac disease (CD) have undergone significant change during the past several decades following a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the identification of sensitive and specific serum markers. In 2012, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition published new diagnostic algorithms, which for the first time questioned the need for histological evaluation in all patients, and identified specific requirements for omitting intestinal biopsies from diagnosis requirements. Here, we briefly review the evolution of the diagnostic algorithms, emerging data which may be integrated into the diagnosis algorithm in the future and suggest key points which should be considered while we continue to develop and refine the diagnostic criteria for CD in an age of personalized medicine.