bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cash is king? Understanding financing risk in housing markets
Authors: Han Lu , Hong Seung-Hyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Los Angeles, all-cash home purchases quintupled during the last decade. Compared with an else-equal mortgage offer, a cash offer is associated with 29 percent shorter time-to-close and a 2–3.9 percent price discount, indicating a substantial amount of financing risk—the risk to a seller that a transaction may not close on time and may fail to occur again because a mortgage contingency fails. The estimated cash discount aligns well with a canonical model calibrated to the sample market. Our findings reveal that closing risk alone is insufficient to explain the cash discount. Rather, it turns on the possibility that a property back on the market may fail to sell, requiring a substantial risk compensation. The estimated cash discount is smaller during booms and in larger markets, highlighting the inseparability of financial frictions in the mortgage market and search frictions in the housing market.
Resettlement Knowledge: The Expertise of Service Providers
Authors: Fee Molly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Refugee resettlement is implemented by service providers who translate standardised policies into tangible services that meet the immediate needs of their diverse refugee clients on a daily basis. These service providers play a vital role in supporting newly arrived refugees, yet we know little about the work that resettlement entails. Considering prior research on the shortcomings of refugee resettlement policy along with scholarship on the dilemmas faced by street-level bureaucrats, this article sheds light on the role of professional expertise in carrying out this complex and dynamic programme of service provision. This article reveals how, alongside their formal prescribed duties of service management and administrative management, resettlement agency caseworkers also engage in the unofficial work of needs management and crisis management. To best support their refugee clients, caseworkers draw on specialised expertise that I call “resettlement knowledge.” Based on over 1,000 hours of ethnographic fieldwork in a resettlement agency in two cities in the United States and 102 interviews with refugees and service providers, this article illuminates the complexities of resettlement work, providing a nuanced representation of this occupation and the depth of unrecognised labour that states rely on for resettlement.
Scoping review exploring advancements in topical agent therapies for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Yang Yun-Jung , Yang Eun-Jung , Choi Se Young 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue that affects older men and is often associated with various health conditions. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are commonly used to treat ED; however, their effectiveness may be limited, or the medication may be contraindicated. Therefore, topical gels are being developed as an alternative option for the pharmacologic treatment of ED.

Objectives
This review aimed to provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of topical agents for the treatment of ED.

Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. Articles were included that investigated ED and topical agents operating through the skin of the penis, evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment, and involved patients randomized into groups.

Results
Topical alprostadil, glyceryl trinitrate (MED2005), and an over­the­counter formulation (MED3000) were used as alternative treatments for ED in 7 articles, which included 3475 patients. Topical alprostadil induced an erection in 67% to 75% of patients. Adequate erections for vaginal penetration were reported in 38.7% of the alprostadil-treated patients vs 6.9% of the placebo-treated patients. Topical alprostadil significantly and dose dependently improved the total score change on the International Index of Erectile Function as compared with the placebo. MED2005 exhibited a rapid onset of action, with nearly 70% effectiveness within 10 minutes. MED3000 met the minimal clinically important difference threshold of a 4-point increase on the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, with an improvement of 5.73 points in 24 weeks. Topical therapy for ED also had acceptable safety profiles.

Conclusion
Topical agents via various mechanisms are effective and well-tolerated treatments for ED. A fast-acting drug that significantly reduces side effects as compared with other options has been discovered. However, its efficacy relative to current first-line therapies remains unclear. Topical agents present a viable therapeutic alternative for individuals who are unable or unwilling to take oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.
The recent history of the taxation of trust income in South Africa
Authors: du Plessis Izelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It has been 30 years since South Africa held its first democratic election. This article investigates how the taxation of trust income has changed since the dawn of democracy in South Africa. These changes are also evaluated, keeping in mind the perspectives of both the government and the taxpayers. It is argued that some of the changes are positive and necessary from both points of view. However, other changes, especially after 2013, seem to have been made simply to discourage taxpayers from using trusts. What does this mean for the future of trusts?
H3K36 Methylation - a Guardian of Epigenome Integrity
Authors: Padilla Reinnier , Shipman Gerry A. , Horth Cynthia , Bareke Eric , Majewski Jacek 
Published: August 2024

AbstractH3K36 methylation is emerging as a key epigenetic modification with strong implications in genetic disease and cancer. However, the mechanisms through which H3K36me impacts the epigenome and asserts its functional consequences are far from understood. Here, we use mouse mesenchymal stem cell lines with successive knockouts of the H3K36 methyltransferases: NSD1, NSD2, SETD2, NSD3, and ASH1L, which result in progressive depletion of H3K36me and its complete absence in quintuple knockout cells, to finely dissect the role of H3K36me2 in shaping the epigenome and transcriptome. We show that H3K36me2, which targets active enhancers, is important for maintaining enhancer activity, and its depletion results in downregulation of enhancer-dependent genes. We demonstrate the roles of H3K36me2/3 in preventing the invasion of gene bodies by the repressive H3K27me modifications. Finally, we observe a previously undescribed relationship between H3K36me and H3K9me3: Following the depletion of H3K36me2, H3K9me3 is redistributed away from large heterochromatic domains and towards euchromatin. This results in a drastic decompartmentalization of the genome, weakening the boundaries between active and inactive compartments, and a catastrophic loss of long-range inter-compartment interactions. By studying cells totally devoid of H3K36 methyltransferase activity, we uncover a broad range of crucial functions of H3K36me in maintaining epigenome integrity.
Neural Mechanism Underlying Successful Classification of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multi-Sensory-Evoked Potentials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Binns Malcom , Chow Ricky , Rabi Rahel , Anderson Nicole D. , Lu Jing , Freedman Morris , Alain Claude 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is crucial for timely interventions. This study combines scalp recordings of lateralized auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli with a flexible and interpretable support vector machine learning pipeline to differentiate individuals diagnosed with aMCI from healthy controls. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional connectivity (FC) matrices from each modality successfully predicted aMCI. Reduced ERP amplitude in aMCI contributed to classification. The analysis of FC using phase-locking value revealed higher FC in aMCI than controls in frontal regions, which predicted worse cognitive performance, and lower FC in posterior regions from delta to alpha frequency. We observe optimal classification accuracy (96.1%), sensitivity (97.7%) and specificity (94.3%) when combining information from all sensory conditions than when using information from a single modality. The results highlight the clinical potential of sensory-evoked potentials in detecting aMCI, with optimal classification using both amplitude and oscillatory-based FC measures from multiple modalities.
Codon Usage Bias Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 18’s L1 Protein and its Host Adaptability
Authors: Shinde Vinaya , Kaur Parminder , Bankariya Swati 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman Papillomavirus 18 (HPV 18) is known as a high-risk variant associated with cervical and anogenital malignancies. High-risk types HPV 18 and HPV 16 (human papillomavirus 16) play a major part in about 70 percent of cervical cancer worldwide (Ramakrishnan et al., 2015). The L1 protein of HPV 18 (HPV 18’s L1 protein), also known as major capsid L1 protein is targeted in the vaccine development against HPV 18 due to its non-oncogenic and non-infectious properties with self-assembly ability into virus-like particles. In the present analysis, an extensive codon usage bias analysis of HPV 18’s L1 protein and adaptation to its host human was conducted. The Effective number (Nc) Grand Average of Hydropathy (GRAVY), Index of Aromaticity (AROMO), and Codon Bias Index (CBI) values revealed no biases in codon usage of HPV 18’s L1 protein. The data of the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), and Relative Codon Deoptimization Index (RCDI) indicate adaptation of HPV 18’s L1 protein according to its host human. The domination of selection pressure on codon usage of HPV 18’s L1 protein was demonstrated based on GC12 vs GC3, Nc vs GC3, and frequency of optimal codons (FOP). The Parity plot revealed that the genome of HPV 18’s L1 protein has a preference for purine over pyrimidine, that is G nucleotides over C, and no preference for A over T but A/T richness was observed in the genome of HPV 18’s L1 protein. In the Nucleotide composition, GC1 richness ultimately represents evolutionary aspects of codon usage. Furthermore, these findings can be used in currently ongoing vaccine development and gene therapy to design viral vectors.
Efficient clustering of large molecular libraries
Authors: Pérez Kenneth López , Jung Vicky , Chen Lexin , Huddleston Kate , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe widespread use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in chemical applications has come with the pressing need to analyze extremely large molecular libraries. In particular, clustering remains one of the most common tools to dissect the chemical space. Unfortunately, most current approaches present unfavorable time and memory scaling, which makes them unsuitable to handle million- and billion-sized sets. Here, we propose to bypass these problems with a time- and memory-efficient clustering algorithm, BitBIRCH. This method uses a tree structure similar to the one found in the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies (BIRCH) algorithm to ensure O(N) time scaling. BitBIRCH leverages the instant similarity (iSIM) formalism to process binary fingerprints, allowing the use of Tanimoto similarity, and reducing memory requirements. Our tests show that BitBIRCH is already > 1,000 times faster than standard implementations of the Taylor-Butina clustering for libraries with 1,500,000 molecules. BitBIRCH increases efficiency without compromising the quality of the resulting clusters. We explore strategies to handle large sets, which we applied in the clustering of one billion molecules under 5 hours using a parallel/iterative BitBIRCH approximation.
TherapeuticSpp1silencing in TREM2+cardiac macrophages suppresses atrial fibrillation
Authors: Momin Noor , Pabel Steffen , Rudra Arnab , Kumowski Nina , Lee I-Hsiu , Mentkowski Kyle , Yamazoe Masahiro , Stengel Laura , Muse Charlotte G. , Seung Hana , Paccalet Alexandre , Gonzalez-Correa Cristina , Jacobs Emily B. , Grune Jana , Schloss Maximilian J. , Sossalla Samuel , Wojtkiewicz Gregory , Iwamoto Yoshiko , McMullen Patrick , Mitchell Richard N. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Anderson Daniel G. , Naxerova Kamila , Nahrendorf Matthias , Hulsmans Maarten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AFib) and the risk of its lethal complications are propelled by fibrosis, which induces electrical heterogeneity and gives rise to reentry circuits. Atrial TREM2+macrophages secrete osteopontin (encoded bySpp1), a matricellular signaling protein that engenders fibrosis and AFib. Here we show that silencingSpp1in TREM2+cardiac macrophages with an antibody-siRNA conjugate reduces atrial fibrosis and suppresses AFib in mice, thus offering a new immunotherapy for the most common arrhythmia.
Early differential impact of MeCP2 mutations on functional networks in Rett syndrome patient-derived human cerebral organoids
Authors: Osaki Tatsuya , Delepine Chloe , Osako Yuma , Kranz Devorah , Levin April , Nelson Charles , Fagiolini Michela , Sur Mriganka 
Published: August 2024

SummaryHuman cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells can recapture early developmental processes and reveal changes involving neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene are associated with Rett syndrome, and disease severity varies depending on the location and type of mutation. Here, we focused on neuronal activity in Rett syndrome patient-derived organoids, analyzing two types of MeCP2 mutations – a missense mutation (R306C) and a truncating mutation (V247X) - using calcium imaging with three-photon microscopy. Compared to isogenic controls, we found abnormal neuronal activity in Rett organoids and altered network function based on graph theoretic analyses, with V247X mutations impacting functional responses and connectivity more severely than R306C mutations. These changes paralleled EEG data obtained from patients with comparable mutations. Labeling DLX promoter-driven inhibitory neurons demonstrated differences in activity and functional connectivity of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the two types of mutation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed HDAC2-associated impairment in R306C organoids and decreased GABAAreceptor expression in excitatory neurons in V247X organoids. These findings demonstrate mutation-specific mechanisms of vulnerability in Rett syndrome and suggest targeted strategies for their treatment.
In search of the pH limit of growth in halo‐alkaliphilic cyanobacteria
Authors: Yi Lianchun , Solanki Ruchita , Strous Marc 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyanobacteria have many biotechnological applications. Increasing their cultivation pH can assist in capturing carbon dioxide and avoiding invasion by other organisms. However, alkaline media may have adverse effects on cyanobacteria, such as reducing the Carbon‐Concentrating Mechanism's efficiency. Here, we cultivated two halo‐alkaliphilic cyanobacteria consortia in chemostats at pH 10.2–11.4. One consortium was dominated by Ca. Sodalinema alkaliphilum, the other by a species of Nodosilinea. These two cyanobacteria dominate natural communities in Canadian and Asian alkaline soda lakes. We show that increasing the pH decreased biomass yield. This decrease was caused, in part, by a dramatic increase in carbon transfer to heterotrophs. At pH 11.4, cyanobacterial growth became limited by bicarbonate uptake, which was mainly ATP dependent. In parallel, the higher the pH, the more sensitive cyanobacteria became to light, resulting in photoinhibition and upregulation of DNA repair systems.
Opioid agonist treatment outcomes among individuals with a history of nonfatal overdose: Findings from a pragmatic, pan‐Canadian, randomized control trial
Authors: Crepeault Hannah , Ti Lianping , Bach Paxton , Wood Evan , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Le Foll Bernard , Lim Ron , Socias Maria E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHistory of nonfatal overdose (NFO) is common among people who use opioids, but little is known about opioid agonist treatment (OAT) outcomes for this high‐risk subpopulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone on retention and suppression of opioid use among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and history of NFO.MethodsSecondary analysis of a pan‐Canadian pragmatic trial comparing flexible take‐home buprenorphine/naloxone and supervised methadone for people with OUD and history of NFO. Logistic regression was used to examine the impact of OAT on retention in the assigned or in any OAT at 24 weeks and analysis of covariance was used to examine the mean difference in opioid use between treatment arms.ResultsOf the 272 randomized participants, 155 (57%) reported at least one NFO at baseline. Retention rates in the assigned treatment were 17.7% in the buprenorphine/naloxone group and 18.4% in the methadone group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.17–1.54). Rates of retention in any OAT were 28% and 20% in the buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone arms, respectively (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.65–3.78). There was an 11.9% adjusted mean difference in opioid‐free urine drug tests, favoring the buprenorphine/naloxone arm (95% CI: 3.5–20.3; p = .0057).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceAmong adults with OUD and a history of overdose, overall retention rates were low but improved when retention in any treatment was considered. These findings highlight the importance of flexibility and patient‐centered care to improve retention and other treatment outcomes in this population.
Species‐level, metagenomic and proteomic analysis of microbe‐immune interactions in severe asthma
Authors: Jabeen Maisha F. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Tinè Mariaenrica , Donachie Gillian , Barber Clair , Azim Adnan , Lau Laurie C. K. , Brown Thomas , Pavord Ian D. , Chauhan Anoop , Klenerman Paul , Street Teresa L. , Marchi Emanuele , Howarth Peter H. , Hinks Timothy S. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe airway microbiome in severe asthma has not been characterised at species‐level by metagenomic sequencing, nor have the relationships between specific species and mucosal immune responses in ‘type‐2 low’, neutrophilic asthma been defined. We performed an integrated species‐level metagenomic data with inflammatory mediators to characterise prevalence of dominant potentially pathogenic organisms and host immune responses.MethodsSputum and nasal lavage samples were analysed using long‐read metagenomic sequencing with Nanopore and qPCR in two cross‐sectional adult severe asthma cohorts, Wessex (n = 66) and Oxford (n = 30). We integrated species‐level data with clinical parameters and 39 selected airway proteins measured by immunoassay and O‐link.ResultsThe sputum microbiome in health and mild asthma displayed comparable microbial diversity. By contrast, 23% (19/81) of severe asthma microbiomes were dominated by a single respiratory pathogen, namely H. influenzae (n = 10), M. catarrhalis (n = 4), S. pneumoniae (n = 4) and P. aeruginosa (n = 1). Neutrophilic asthma was associated with H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae and T. whipplei with elevated type‐1 cytokines and proteases; eosinophilic asthma with higher M. catarrhalis, but lower H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae abundance. H. influenzae load correlated with Eosinophil Cationic Protein, elastase and IL‐10. R. mucilaginosa associated positively with IL‐6 and negatively with FGF. Bayesian network analysis also revealed close and distinct relationships of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis with type‐1 airway inflammation. The microbiomes and cytokine milieu were distinct between upper and lower airways.ConclusionsThis species‐level integrated analysis reveals central, but distinct associations between potentially pathogenic bacteria and airways inflammation in severe asthma.
FloraVeg.EU — An online database of European vegetation, habitats and flora
Authors: Chytrý Milan , Řezníčková Marcela , Novotný Petr , Holubová Dana , Preislerová Zdenka , Attorre Fabio , Biurrun Idoia , Blažek Petr , Bonari Gianmaria , Borovyk Dariia , Čeplová Natálie , Danihelka Jiří , Davydov Denys , Dřevojan Pavel , Fahs Nina , Guarino Riccardo , Güler Behlül , Hennekens Stephan M. , Hrivnák Richard , Kalníková Veronika , Kalusová Veronika , Kebert Tomáš , Knollová Ilona , Knotková Kateřina , Koljanin Dragan , Kuzemko Anna , Loidi Javier , Lososová Zdeňka , Marcenò Corrado , Midolo Gabriele , Milanović Djordjije , Mucina Ladislav , Novák Pavel , Raab‐Straube Eckhard von , Reczyńska Kamila , Schaminée Joop H. J. , Štěpánková Petra , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Těšitel Jakub , Těšitelová Tamara , Tichý Lubomír , Vynokurov Denys , Willner Wolfgang , Axmanová Irena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article describes FloraVeg.EU, a new online database with open‐access information on European vegetation units (phytosociological syntaxa), vegetated habitats, and plant taxa. It consists of three modules. (1) The Vegetation module includes 149 phytosociological classes, 378 orders and 1305 alliances of an updated version of the EuroVegChecklist modified based on the decisions of the European Vegetation Classification Committee. Vegetation units dominated by vascular plants are characterized by country‐based distribution maps and data on the dominant life forms, phenology, soil properties, relationships to vegetation regions, elevational vegetation belts and azonal habitats, successional status, and degree of naturalness. A list of diagnostic taxa is also provided for each class. (2) The Habitats module includes vascular‐plant‐dominated terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitat types from the first to the third or fourth highest hierarchical levels of the EUNIS classification. Of these, 249 vegetated habitats are characterized by a brief description, a point‐based distribution map, diagnostic, constant, and dominant taxa, and a list of the corresponding alliances. (3) The Species module provides information on 37 characteristics of European vascular plant species and some infrageneric or infraspecific taxa, including functional traits (habitus and growth type, leaf, flower, fruit and seed traits, and trophic mode), taxon origin (native vs alien), and ecological information (environmental relationships, Ellenberg‐type indicator values, disturbance indicator values, and relationships to vegetation units and habitat types). Values for at least three variables are available for 36,404 species. Individual taxa, vegetation units, and habitats in these three modules are illustrated by more than 34,000 photographs. The Download section of FloraVeg.EU provides open‐access data sets in a spreadsheet format that can be used for analyses. FloraVeg.EU is a new resource with easily accessible data that can be used for research in vegetation science, ecology, and biogeography, as well as for education and conservation applications.
Vitamin B12 deficiency misdiagnosed as TTP: What can we learn from it?
Authors: Lämmle Bernhard , Laemmle Alexander 
Published: August 2024

The case report by Dwyre et al. shows that vitamin B12 deficiency may be misdiagnosed as acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Together with similar observations, this underlines that acquired vitamin B12 deficiency—besides the inherited disorder of intracellular cobalamin metabolism, cbl C disease—should be listed as a separate entity of the thrombotic microangiopathies.Commentary on: Dwyre et al. Microangiopathic thrombocytopenia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency responding to plasma exchange. Br J Haematol 2024 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19625.