bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Open‐Circuit Voltage Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell with Interface Dipole Layer
Authors: Heo Jihyeon , Prayogo Juan Anthony , Lee Seok Woo , Park Hansol , Muthu Senthilkumar , Hong JeeHee , Kim Haeun , Kim Young‐Hoon , Whang Dong Ryeol , Chang Dong Wook , Park Hui Joon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) represent a compelling and emerging technological advancement in high‐performing perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. Interfacial engineering is an effective strategy to enhance Voc in PSCs by tailoring the energy level alignments between the constituent layers. Herein, n‐type quinoxaline‐phosphine oxide‐based small molecules with strong dipole moments is designed and introduce them as effective cathode interfacial layers. Their strong dipole effect leads to appropriate energy level alignment by tuning the work function of the Ag electrode to form an ohmic contact and enhance the built‐in potential within the device, thereby improving charge‐carrier transport and mitigating charge recombination. The organic interfacial layer‐modified wide‐bandgap PSCs exhibit a high Voc of 1.31 V (deficit of <0.44 V) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3%, significantly improved from the device without an interface dipole layer (Voc of 1.26 V and PCE of 16.7%). Furthermore, the hydrophobic characteristics of the small molecules contribute to improved device stability, retaining 95% of the initial PCE after 500 h in ambient air.
Conducting Composite Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte with High Ion Conductivity via Amorphous Condensed Structure and Multiple Li+ Transport Channels
Authors: Li Yueshan , Yuan Weihao , Lu Fei , Shen Yibo , Li Da , Cong Fei , Zhu Pingwei , Li Yunling , Liu Pengxiang , Huang Yudong , Li Jun , Hu Zhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional PEO electrolyte has high crystallinity which hinders the transmission of Li+, resulting in poor ion conductivity and complicated processing technology. Herein, a polymer electrolyte (p‐electrolyte) with a wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity is designed, which possesses an amorphous condensed structure. The amorphous structure provides fast transport channels for Li+, so the p‐electrolyte possesses an electrochemical window of 4.2 V, and high ionic conductivity of 1.58 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional PEO electrolyte. By using the designed polymer electrolyte as the foundation, an in situ curable composite polymer electrolyte (CPE‐L) with multiple Li+ transport channels is elaborately constructed. The Cu‐BTC MOF stores abundant Li+, which is introduced into the p‐electrolyte. The rich unsaturated Cu2+ coordination sites of Cu‐BTC can anchor TFSI− to release Li+, and the pore structure of Cu‐BTC MOF cooperates with LLZTO nanoparticles to provide multiple fast transport channel for Li+, resulting in remarkable ionic conductivity (1.02 × 10−3 S cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.58). The Li||CPE‐L||Li symmetric battery cycles stably for more than 700 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, while the specific capacity of full battery is ≈153 mAh g−1 (RT, 0.2 C).
Constitutive Modeling of High‐Temperature Deformation Behavior of Nonoriented Electrical Steels as Compared to Machine Learning
Authors: Mishra Gyanaranjan , Pasco Jubert , McCarthy Thomas , Nyamuchiwa Kudakwashe , He Youliang , Aranas Clodualdo 
Published: August 2024

Hot rolling is a critical thermomechanical processing step for nonoriented electrical steel (NOES) to achieve optimal mechanical and magnetic properties. Depending on the silicon and carbon contents, the electrical steel may or may not undergo austenite–ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling, which requires different process controls as the austenite and ferrite show different flow stresses at high temperatures. Herein, the high‐temperature flow behaviors of two nonoriented electrical steels with silicon contents of 1.3 and 3.2 wt% are investigated through hot compression tests. The hot deformation temperature is varied from 850 to 1050 °C, and the strain rate is differentiated from 0.01 to 1.0 s−1. The measured stress‐strain data are fitted using various constitutive models (combined with optimization techniques), namely, Johnson–Cook, modified Johnson–Cook, Zener–Hollomon, Hensel–Spittel, modified Hensel–Spittel, and modified Zerilli–Armstrong. The results are also compared with a model based on deep neural network (DNN). It is shown that the Hensel–Spittel model results in the smallest average absolute relative error among all the constitutive models, and the DNN model can perfectly track almost all the experimental flow stresses over the entire ranges of temperature, strain rate, and strain.
The Increased Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Osteopenia Due to Prenatal Nicotine Exposure in Female Offspring Rats via IGF1 Pathway
Authors: Li Xufeng , Xiao Hao , Wu Zhixin , Wang Hui , Chen Liaobin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTNicotine exposure is a common adverse environment during pregnancy and causes developmental toxicity of long bones in offspring. However, the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on bone mass accumulation in female offspring and its mechanism remained to be further investigated. In this study, we constructed a PNE rat model and collected the long bone and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from female offspring rats for the detection of bone mass, cell apoptosis, and the expressions of osteogenesis‐ and apoptosis‐related genes. The results revealed that PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats and was associated with the suppression of osteogenic function. Moreover, the apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats was raised, and the expression ratio of apoptosis marker genes BAX/BCL‐2 was significantly increased. Further, PNE inhibited the expression and function of insulin‐like growth factor l (IGF1) signaling pathway in BMSCs. However, the exogenous IGF1 treatment partially ameliorated the increased apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats. In conclusion, PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats, which was attributed to the increased apoptosis of BMSCs due to functional inhibition of IGF1 signaling pathway.
Generalised tetanus in a cat successfully treated with magnesium sulphate and dexmedetomidine
Authors: Moretti Marzia , Botto Angelica , Calabria Maria Stella , Pelizzola Marco , Bortolami Elisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, neutered male domestic short‐haired cat was presented with an abdominal injury, severe extensor rigidity of all limbs and sardonic facial expression. The cat was diagnosed with tetanus and antibiotics, and antiemetics and analgesics were administered. In order to provide myorelaxation, in addition to midazolam, a supraphysiologic dose of magnesium sulphate was infused intravenously at a constant rate of 10 mg/kg/h, after a loading dose of 70 mg/kg; serum magnesium and ionic calcium were measured daily. During hospitalisation, the cat showed hypersensitivity to stimuli, tetanic seizures, hyperthermia and autonomic dysfunction, presenting as severe hypertension, sinus and ventricular tachycardia. An intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (1 ± 0.5 µg/kg/h) improved haemodynamic parameters and attenuated muscle spasms, and its administration was continued for 96 h without adverse reactions. The magnesium infusion was maintained for 11 days without toxicity, except for a mild hypocalcaemia. The cat's clinical signs gradually improved and the patient was discharged on day 28.
Primary pulmonary carcinoma in a dog presenting with hypertrophic osteopathy
Authors: Nicholes Sheriden L. , Cray Megan , Lapsley Janis , Green Eric , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 9‐year‐old dog was presented for a 2‐month history of bilateral carpal, stifle and tarsal swelling and a large thyroid mass. Carpal radiographs indicated hypertrophic osteopathy, thoracic radiographs revealed an intrathoracic mass, fine‐needle aspirate of the thoracic mass diagnosed carcinoma, and subsequent cervical, thoracic and abdominal computed tomographies revealed widespread hypertrophic osteopathy, bilateral thyroid cystic structures and a soft tissue mass in the right cranial mediastinum or lung. After unilateral thyroidectomy and thoracotomy for a lung lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node extirpation, the dog was diagnosed with a benign cyst of the thyroid and a completely excised grade II pulmonary carcinoma with no metastasis to the mediastinal lymph node. After 135 days of presentation, the dog presented with increased respiratory effort, and pleural effusion was diagnosed. Thoracocentesis was performed, and cytology of the fluid was concerning for carcinoma. The dog further declined rapidly and was euthanased 178 days after the initial presentation.
Syntheses, Structures, Properties, and Calculation of a Family of Ionic Crystals Based on 1,3‐bis(5‐tetrazolyl)triazene
Authors: He Liang , Shi Zi‐chen , Huang Wen‐hui , Xue Qi , Yang Jian‐hui , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSodium salt of 1,3‐bis(5‐tetrazolyl)triazene (NaH2BTT ⋅ 4H2O) was obtained through diazo‐couple reaction with 5‐aminotetrazole as starting reactants, and a family of energetic ionic crystals of the 1,3‐bis(5‐tetrazolyl)triazene anions HnBTT(3−n)− with different cations were investigated, including protonated amines (ethanediamine, hydrazinium, aminoguanidine, methylhydrazinium) and Y(H2O)83+. The structures and physicochemical properties of these compounds were characterized by IR, Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRPD) and TG‐DSC. Ethanediamine salt is the best thermal stable, while hydrazinium salt possesses a highest nitrogen rich value of 79.76 %. Both of them show a rapid collapse of the BTT main frame, and almost all of the dissociation products are released in the form of gas.
From Concrete Jungles to Smart Cities and Digital Towns: Deploying Digital Technologies for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Lynn Theo , Rosati Pierangelo , Kennedy Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrban areas account for most of the world’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and struggle to cope with the pressure of ever-growing urbanisation and an ageing infrastructure. This issue is likely to become even more prominent in the future due to current trends in population migration that see more people moving from rural to urban agglomerates. Luckily, research shows that digital technologies have clear potential for mitigating some of the negative environmental effects of urbanisation while making the urban environment more liveable and enjoyable for citizens. This chapter discusses four key themes discussed in the literature on ‘smart cities’ directly related to the deployment of digital technologies in the urban environment to support greater environmental sustainability—smart transportation, building energy optimisation, smart waste management, and environmental monitoring.
Wirkzusammenhänge zu Atmosphären
Authors: Julmi Christian , Eifert Anna , Dammert Jakob E. , Wittwer Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungWir stellen fest, dass eine gute Atmosphäre einen stark positiven und eine negative Atmosphäre einen stark negativen Einfluss auf das Wohlbefinden, die Zufriedenheit und die Motivation der Arbeitnehmer:innen nimmt. Veränderungen in der Wahrnehmung der Arbeitsatmosphäre werden insbesondere durch Führungswechsel, personelle Veränderungen und Umstrukturierungen bedingt. Zwischenmenschliche Faktoren wie Kommunikation und Teamzusammenhalt sind für die Atmosphäre entscheidend. Hingegen spielen strukturelle Faktoren eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Fazit
Authors: Julmi Christian , Eifert Anna , Dammert Jakob E. , Wittwer Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAbschließend halten wir fest: Die Arbeitsatmosphäre ist ein bedeutender Faktor nicht nur gegenwärtigen, sondern auch zukünftigen Arbeitens. Gerade weil Atmosphären schwer zu greifen sind, sehen wir die Kompetenz im Umgang mit Arbeitsatmosphären als Schlüsselkompetenz der Zukunft an, sowohl für Personen als auch für Unternehmen. Die Gestaltung von Atmosphären entzieht sich weitestgehend einer Digitalisierung; sie ist vielmehr von den Betroffenen selbst auszuhandeln und zu gestalten.
Theory of neutrino fast flavor evolution. Part I. Linear response theory and stability conditions.
Authors: Fiorillo Damiano F. G. , Raffelt Georg G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neutrino-neutrino refraction leads to collective flavor evolution that can include fast flavor conversion, an ingredient still missing in numerical simulations of core-collapse supernovae. We provide a theoretical framework for the linear regime of this phenomenon using the language of response theory. In analogy to electromagnetic waves, we introduce a flavor susceptibility as the linear response to an external flavor field. By requiring self-consistency, this approach leads to the usual dispersion relation for growing modes, but differs from the traditional treatment in that it predicts Landau damping of subluminal collective modes. The new dispersion relation has definite analyticity properties and can be expanded for small growth rates. This approach simplifies and intuitively explains Morinaga’s proof of sufficiency for the occurrence of growing modes. We show that weakly growing modes arise as soon as an angular crossing is formed, due to their resonant interaction with individual neutrino modes. For longitudinal plasma waves, a similar resonance causes Landau damping or conversely, the two-stream instability.
Going back to the basics: the use of cricket powder as a protein supplement in artificial ant diets
Authors: List F. , Lesne P. , Behmer S. T. , Zhu-Salzman K. , Tarone A. M. , Vargo E. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ability to keep stable, healthy colonies in laboratory settings is fundamental for conducting research on ants and particularly important for developing management tools for pest species. An important component for successful ant rearing is a suitable diet and a number of diets for feeding ants have been developed. Calcium caseinate as a protein supplement has been a widely used ingredient in ant diets, but it has become difficult to obtain. Therefore, there is a need to find an alternative protein supplement for rearing ants in captivity. Using the ant Nylanderia fulva as a model, the suitability of four alternative diets was tested against a calcium caseinate containing diet: (1) whey protein isolate fortified with calcium, (2) whey protein isolate, (3) sodium caseinate, and (4) cricket powder. We tested the performance of colony fragments fed on diets by comparing worker and queen mortality, as well as brood production for 6 weeks. Diet containing cricket powder performed better than all other diets, reflected by lower worker mortality and the addition of new workers and brood to the colony fragment, resulting in colony growth. Considering recent developments in the production of cricket powder making it a low cost and readily accessible ingredient, it should prove an effective protein supplement for rearing ants in captivity for other species.
New robust and efficient liquid membranes for conductive vial electromembrane extraction of acids with low to moderate hydrophilicity in human plasma
Authors: Song Chenchen , Dowlatshah Samira , Gaznawi Somayeh , Hay Anne Oldeide , Hasvold Grete , Hansen Frederik André 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The current paper reports two new, robust, and efficient conditions for electromembrane extraction of acidic substances from human plasma. Two systems were developed based on eutectic solvents: A1 (“A” for acid) comprised dodecyl methyl sulfoxide and thymol in 1:2 ratio (w/w) as liquid membrane, while A2 used [6-methylcoumarin:thymol (1:2)]:2-nitrophenyl octyl ether in 2:1 ratio (w/w). The performance of A1 and A2 was characterized by extraction of 31 acidic model analytes (pharmaceutical drugs and nutrients) spiked into 100 µL human plasma diluted 1:1 (v/v) with phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The acceptor solution was 50 mM NH4HCO3 buffer pH 10.0, and extraction was performed at an agitation rate of 750 RPM. Voltage and extraction time were 30 V for 30 min and 10 V for 20 min for A1 and A2, respectively. Under optimal conditions, A1 extracted analytes with 1.8 ≤ log P ≤ 6.0 with an average recovery (R) of 85.1%, while A2 extracted in a range of 0.5 ≤ log P ≤ 6.0 with an average recovery of 79.9%. Meanwhile, extraction current was low at 9 and 26 µA, respectively, which is indicative of good system robustness. Using UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of the acceptor solution, repeatability of the A1 and A2 methods was determined to be 2.8–7.7% and 3.3–9.4% for R > 40%, matrix effects were 82–117% and 84–112%, respectively, and linear calibration curves were obtained. The performance and compatibility with human plasma represent a major improvement over previous state-of-the-art liquid membranes for acidic analytes, namely 1-octanol.

Graphical Abstract
Nursery provision of red-algal habitats in temperate Algoa Bay, South Africa
Authors: James N. C. , Jacobs A. G. , Gayiza M. , Human L. R.D. , Steyn P. P. , Bernard A. T. , Rishworth G. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the importance of both macroalgal heterogeneity and specific macroalgal species or morphotypes to nursery provision for juvenile sparids (Diplodus capensis and Sarpa salpa) in a shallow (< 2 m), sheltered rocky cove in warm-temperate Algoa Bay, South Africa. The rocky cove is comprised of a mosaic of two main benthic habitats; canopy-forming Plocamium corallorhiza beds on rocky outcrops and flat reef dominated by low growing red algae morphotypes. We assessed macroalgal communities and the trophic ecology (stomach contents and isotopes), abundance and size structure of D. capensis and S. salpa in the two different benthic habitats and the resources/food associated with the dominant macroalgae species/morphotypes. We found high densities of S. salpa and D. capensis, in both high profile reef (rocky outcrops) and low profile (flat) reef. Within this habitat mosaic resources (epiphytes and macroinvertebrates) were more abundant in the non-canopy forming low growing macroalgae (Laurencia spp. and coralline turf algae) and these algae were also assimilated in the diets of both sparids. The high abundance of both juvenile S. salpa and D. capensis in high profile and low profile reef, suggests that within this mosaic of habitats these species may be using canopy-forming algae in the high profile reef for shelter and non-canopy forming algae in both the high and low profile reef for food. This shows that macroalgal habitats comprising several morphotypes have the potential to support higher juvenile diversity and abundance through both food provision and shelter.
Principles of Molecular Evolution: Concepts from Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics for the Multilevel Theory of Learning
Authors: Smiatek Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to the multilevel theory of learning for the study of molecular evolution. This approach allows us to study the explicit time dependence of molecular evolutionary processes and their impact on entropy production. Interpreting the mathematical expressions, we can show that two main contributions affect entropy production of molecular evolution processes which can be identified as mutation and gene transfer effects. Accordingly, our results show that the optimal adaptation of organisms to external conditions in the context of evolutionary processes is driven by principles of minimum entropy production. Such results can also be interpreted as the basis of some previous postulates of the theory of learning. Although our macroscopic approach requires certain simplifications, it allows us to interpret molecular evolutionary processes using thermodynamic descriptions with reference to well-known biological processes.
Synthetic biology toolkit of Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator)
Authors: Santolin Lara , Riedel Sebastian L. , Brigham Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Synthetic biology encompasses many kinds of ideas and techniques with the common theme of creating something novel. The industrially relevant microorganism, Ralstonia eutropha (also known as Cupriavidus necator), has long been a subject of metabolic engineering efforts to either enhance a product it naturally makes (polyhydroxyalkanoate) or produce novel bioproducts (e.g., biofuels and other small molecule compounds). Given the metabolic versatility of R. eutropha and the existence of multiple molecular genetic tools and techniques for the organism, development of a synthetic biology toolkit is underway. This toolkit will allow for novel, user-friendly design that can impart new capabilities to R. eutropha strains to be used for novel application. This article reviews the different synthetic biology techniques currently available for modifying and enhancing bioproduction in R. eutropha.

Key points
• R. eutropha (C. necator) is a versatile organism that has been examined for many applications.
• Synthetic biology is being used to design more powerful strains for bioproduction.
• A diverse synthetic biology toolkit is being developed to enhance R. eutropha’s capabilities.
Two-indexed formulation of the traveling salesman problem with multiple drones performing sidekicks and loops
Authors: Rave Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAerial drone delivery has great potential to improve package delivery time, as drones can fly autonomously over obstacles at a possibly higher speed than trucks. The benefits of drones in delivery can even be increased in a truck-and-drone tandem where a truck carries multiple drones and releases them at advantageous places, i.e., the traveling salesman problem with multiple drones (TSPmD). We focus on a general version of this problem with makespan minimization, where the drones have two options after serving the customer: they can return to any node the truck visits at a later stage (sidekick) or return to the same node they were launched from (loop) — even at the depot. We introduce an efficient two-indexed mixed-integer linear program (MILP) for this TSPmD and show how to adapt the MILP to cover two problem variants, namely the multiple flying sidekick traveling salesman problem and the traveling salesman problem with drone. Our MILP formulation is an efficient formulation, as it outperforms eight state-of-the-art MILP formulations for these problem variants in nearly all larger instances. In a numerical study, we provide new optimal solutions with up to 28 nodes for benchmark purposes. Moreover, we analyze the impact of allowing drone loops on makespan minimization in general and at the depot. We find that loops mainly become relevant when drones travel faster than trucks, resulting in average makespan savings of up to 2.7%.