bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxytyrosol improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress in the brain ofdb/dbmice: role of AMP-activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Zheng Adi , Li Hao , Xu Jie , Cao Ke , Li Hua , Pu Wenjun , Yang Ziqi , Peng Yunhua , Long Jiangang , Liu Jiankang , Feng Zhihui 
Published: April 2015

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a major polyphenolic compound found in olive oil with reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the neuroprotective effect of HT on type 2 diabetes remains unknown. In the present study,db/dbmice and SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of HT. After 8 weeks of HT administration at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, expression levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/II/IV and the activity of complex I were significantly elevated in the brain ofdb/dbmice. Likewise, targets of the antioxidative transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 including p62 (sequestosome-1), haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 increased, and protein oxidation significantly decreased. HT treatment was also found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, which constitute an energy-sensing protein network known to regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress responses. Meanwhile, neuronal survival indicated by neuron marker expression levels including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein,N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and nerve growth factor was significantly improved by HT administration. Additionally, in a high glucose-induced neuronal cell damage model, HT effectively increased mitochondrial complex IV and HO-1 expression through activating AMPK pathway, followed by the prevention of high glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species and declines of cell viability and VO2capacity. Our observations suggest that HT improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress potentially through activation of the AMPK pathway in the brain ofdb/dbmice.
PANTONALITY GENERALISED: BEN JOHNSTON'S ARTISTIC RESEARCHES IN EXTENDED JUST INTONATION
Authors: Sabat Marc 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article explores the use of innovatory tonal relations in the music of the American composer Ben Johnston (b. 1926). Johnston's use of a microtonal tuning system employing scales and intervals in extended just intonation is described, and passages from several of his compositions (especially String Quartets nos 2 and 5) are analysed to show the use of these pitch resources in practice. The article also situates Johnston's contribution in the context of older theories of harmony and the mechanics of pitch perception.
Archaic and innovative Islamic prayer names around the Sahara
Authors: Souag Lameen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBerber in the Sahara and southern Morocco, and several West African languages including Soninké, Mandinka and Songhay, all refer to the five Islamic daily prayers using terms not derived from their usual Arabic names, and showing striking mutual similarities. The motivation behind these names has not hitherto been explained. An examination of Islamic sources reveals that many correspond to terms attested within Arabic from an early period but which have passed out of use elsewhere. Others, with a more limited distribution, reflect transfer from a time-keeping system widely attested among Berber-speaking oases of the northern Sahara. These results demonstrate that the variant prayer terminologies attested in theḥadithreflect popular usages that were still commonplace at the time when North Africa was conquered, and underscore the conservatism of non-Arabic Islamic religious terminology in and around the Sahara.
Stabilization of ion beam generation in a diode with self-magnetic insulation in double-pulse mode
Authors: Pushkarev A.I. , Isakova Y.I. , Khaylov I.P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of statistical studies of ion beam generation in different geometry diodes with explosive emission cathode in a mode of self-magnetic insulation. The experiments were carried out using the TEMP-4M pulsed ion beam accelerator during its operation in both unipolar pulse mode (100 ns, 250–300 kV) and bipolar-pulse mode with the first negative (300–600 ns, 100–150 kV) followed by a second positive (120 ns, 250–300 kV) pulse. It is found that the standard deviation of the total energy and energy density of the beam does not exceed 10–11%, while the same shot-to-shot variation in ion current density was found to be 20–30%. The mechanism of the energy density stabilization from pulse to pulse may be associated with the charge exchange between accelerated ions and stationary molecules and formation of accelerated neutrals. We observed a high correlation between the energy density (or total beam energy) and the duration of the first voltage pulse. We performed analysis of Blumlein statistical performance when the Blumlein was terminated with a resistive load and with a self-magnetically insulated ion diode. A characteristic feature of Blumlein operation in the double-pulse mode is an excellent reproducibility of breakdown of the preliminary spark gap, the variation in breakdown voltage is <2%. At the same time, the shot-to-shot variation in the breakdown voltage of the main spark gap in both bipolar- and unipolar pulse mode is 3–4 times higher than that for the preliminary spark gap. To improve the statistical performance of the main spark gap we used the first voltage pulse at the output of Blumlein to trigger the main spark gap. The new trigatron-type regime of the main spark gap operation showed a better reproducibility of the first pulse duration, with the time jitter not exceeding 10 ns in a set of 50 pulses.
DIFFERENCE ALGEBRAIC RELATIONS AMONG SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Di Vizio Lucia , Hardouin Charlotte , Wibmer Michael 
Published: April 2015

We extend and apply the Galois theory of linear differential equations equipped with the action of an endomorphism. The Galois groups in this Galois theory are difference algebraic groups, and we use structure theorems for these groups to characterize the possible difference algebraic relations among solutions of linear differential equations. This yields tools to show that certain special functions are difference transcendent. One of our main results is a characterization of discrete integrability of linear differential equations with almost simple usual Galois group, based on a structure theorem for the Zariski dense difference algebraic subgroups of almost simple algebraic groups, which is a schematic version, in characteristic zero, of a result due to Z. Chatzidakis, E. Hrushovski, and Y. Peterzil.
Drug screen in patient cells suggests quinacrine to be repositioned for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Eriksson A , Österroos A , Hassan S , Gullbo J , Rickardson L , Jarvius M , Nygren P , Fryknäs M , Höglund M , Larsson R 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo find drugs suitable for repositioning for use against leukemia, samples from patients with chronic lymphocytic, acute myeloid and lymphocytic leukemias as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested in response to 1266 compounds from the LOPAC1280 library (Sigma). Twenty-five compounds were defined as hits with activity in all leukemia subgroups (<50% cell survival compared with control) at 10 μM drug concentration. Only one of these compounds, quinacrine, showed low activity in normal PBMCs and was therefore selected for further preclinical evaluation. Mining the NCI-60 and the NextBio databases demonstrated leukemia sensitivity and the ability of quinacrine to reverse myeloid leukemia gene expression. Mechanistic exploration was performed using the NextBio bioinformatic software using gene expression analysis of drug exposed acute myeloid leukemia cultures (HL-60) in the database. Analysis of gene enrichment and drug correlations revealed strong connections to ribosomal biogenesis nucleoli and translation initiation. The highest drug–drug correlation was to ellipticine, a known RNA polymerase I inhibitor. These results were validated by additional gene expression analysis performed in-house. Quinacrine induced early inhibition of protein synthesis supporting these predictions. The results suggest that quinacrine have repositioning potential for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting of ribosomal biogenesis.
The coral core microbiome identifies rare bacterial taxa as ubiquitous endosymbionts
Authors: D Ainsworth Tracy , Krause Lutz , Bridge Thomas , Torda Gergely , Raina Jean-Baptise , Zakrzewski Martha , Gates Ruth D , Padilla-Gamiño Jacqueline L , Spalding Heather L , Smith Celia , Woolsey Erika S , Bourne David G , Bongaerts Pim , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove , Leggat William 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Despite being one of the simplest metazoans, corals harbor some of the most highly diverse and abundant microbial communities. Differentiating core, symbiotic bacteria from this diverse host-associated consortium is essential for characterizing the functional contributions of bacteria but has not been possible yet. Here we characterize the coral core microbiome and demonstrate clear phylogenetic and functional divisions between the micro-scale, niche habitats within the coral host. In doing so, we discover seven distinct bacterial phylotypes that are universal to the core microbiome of coral species, separated by thousands of kilometres of oceans. The two most abundant phylotypes are co-localized specifically with the corals’ endosymbiotic algae and symbiont-containing host cells. These bacterial symbioses likely facilitate the success of the dinoflagellate endosymbiosis with corals in diverse environmental regimes.
In situ expression of eukaryotic ice-binding proteins in microbial communities of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Uhlig Christiane , Kilpert Fabian , Frickenhaus Stephan , Kegel Jessica U , Krell Andreas , Mock Thomas , Valentin Klaus , Beszteri Bánk 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) have been isolated from various sea-ice organisms. Their characterisation points to a crucial role in protecting the organisms in sub-zero environments. However, their in situ abundance and diversity in natural sea-ice microbial communities is largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the expression and phylogenetic diversity of eukaryotic IBP transcripts from microbial communities of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. IBP transcripts were found in abundances similar to those of proteins involved in core cellular processes such as photosynthesis. Eighty-nine percent of the IBP transcripts grouped with known IBP sequences from diatoms, haptophytes and crustaceans, but the majority represented novel sequences not previously characterized in cultured organisms. The observed high eukaryotic IBP expression in natural eukaryotic sea ice communities underlines the essential role of IBPs for survival of many microorganisms in communities living under the extreme conditions of polar sea ice.
Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater
Authors: Kalenitchenko Dimitri , Fagervold Sonja K , Pruski Audrey M , Vétion Gilles , Yücel Mustafa , Le Bris Nadine , Galand Pierre E 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Wood falls on the ocean floor form chemosynthetic ecosystems that remain poorly studied compared with features such as hydrothermal vents or whale falls. In particular, the microbes forming the base of this unique ecosystem are not well characterized and the ecology of communities is not known. Here we use wood as a model to study microorganisms that establish and maintain a chemosynthetic ecosystem. We conducted both aquaria and in situ deep-sea experiments to test how different environmental constraints structure the assembly of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. We also measured changes in wood lipid concentrations and monitored sulfide production as a way to detect potential microbial activity. We show that wood falls are dynamic ecosystems with high spatial and temporal community turnover, and that the patterns of microbial colonization change depending on the scale of observation. The most illustrative example was the difference observed between pine and oak wood community dynamics. In pine, communities changed spatially, with strong differences in community composition between wood microhabitats, whereas in oak, communities changed more significantly with time of incubation. Changes in community assembly were reflected by changes in phylogenetic diversity that could be interpreted as shifts between assemblies ruled by species sorting to assemblies structured by competitive exclusion. These ecological interactions followed the dynamics of the potential microbial metabolisms accompanying wood degradation in the sea. Our work showed that wood is a good model for creating and manipulating chemosynthetic ecosystems in the laboratory, and attracting not only typical chemosynthetic microbes but also emblematic macrofaunal species.
A Time-Encoded Technique for fibre-based hyperspectral broadband stimulated Raman microscopy
Authors: Karpf Sebastian , Eibl Matthias , Wieser Wolfgang , Klein Thomas , Huber Robert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRaman sensing and microscopy are among the most specific optical technologies to identify the chemical compounds of unknown samples, and to enable label-free biomedical imaging. Here we present a method for stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging with a time-encoded (TICO) Raman concept. We use continuous wave, rapidly wavelength-swept probe lasers and combine them with a short-duty-cycle actively modulated pump laser. Hence, we achieve high stimulated Raman gain signal levels, while still benefitting from the narrow linewidth and low noise of continuous wave operation. Our all-fibre TICO-Raman setup uses a Fourier domain mode-locked laser source to achieve a unique combination of high speed, broad spectral coverage (750–3,150 cm−1) and high resolution (0.5 cm−1). The Raman information is directly encoded and acquired in time. We demonstrate quantitative chemical analysis of a solvent mixture and hyperspectral Raman microscopy with molecular contrast of plant cells.
Rab27A Regulates Transport of Cell Surface Receptors Modulating Multinucleation and Lysosome-Related Organelles in Osteoclasts
Authors: Shimada-Sugawara Megumi , Sakai Eiko , Okamoto Kuniaki , Fukuda Mitsunori , Izumi Tetsuro , Yoshida Noriaki , Tsukuba Takayuki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRab27A regulates transport of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) and release of secretory granules in various types of cells. Here, we identified up-regulation of Rab27A during differentiation of osteoclasts (OCLs) from bone-marrow macrophages (BMMs), by DNA microarray analysis. Rab27A deficiency in OCLs, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown in RAW-D cell line or BMMs derived from ashen mice, which display genetic defects in Rab27A expression, induced multinucleated and giant cells. Upon stimulation with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), essential cytokines for OCL differentiation, phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src) and p-38 were slightly enhanced in ashen BMMs than in wild-type BMMs. The cell surface level of c-fms, an M-CSF receptor, was slightly higher in ashen BMMs than in wild-type BMMs and down-regulation of RANK, a RANKL receptor, was delayed. In addition to receptors, OCLs derived from ashen mice exhibited aberrant actin ring formation, abnormal subcellular localization of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2) and cathepsin K (CTSK) and marked reduction in resorbing activity. Thus, these findings suggest that Rab27A regulates normal transport of cell surface receptors modulating multinucleation and LROs in OCLs.
Psychomotor Impairment Detection via Finger Interactions with a Computer Keyboard During Natural Typing
Authors: Giancardo L. , Sánchez-Ferro A. , Butterworth I. , Mendoza C. S. , Hooker J. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractModern digital devices and appliances are capable of monitoring the timing of button presses, or finger interactions in general, with a sub-millisecond accuracy. However, the massive amount of high resolution temporal information that these devices could collect is currently being discarded. Multiple studies have shown that the act of pressing a button triggers well defined brain areas which are known to be affected by motor-compromised conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that the daily interaction with a computer keyboard can be employed as means to observe and potentially quantify psychomotor impairment. We induced a psychomotor impairment via a sleep inertia paradigm in 14 healthy subjects, which is detected by our classifier with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.93/0.91. The detection relies on novel features derived from key-hold times acquired on standard computer keyboards during an uncontrolled typing task. These features correlate with the progression to psychomotor impairment (p < 0.001) regardless of the content and language of the text typed and perform consistently with different keyboards. The ability to acquire longitudinal measurements of subtle motor changes from a digital device without altering its functionality may allow for early screening and follow-up of motor-compromised neurodegenerative conditions, psychological disorders or intoxication at a negligible cost in the general population.
Aquaporins in developing rice grains
Authors: Hayashi Hidehiro , Ishikawa-Sakurai Junko , Murai-Hatano Mari , Ahamed Arifa , Uemura Matsuo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
During rice grain filling, grain moisture content and weight show dynamic changes. We focused on the expression of all 33 rice aquaporins in developing grains. Only two aquaporin genes, OsPIP2;1 and OsTIP3;1, were highly expressed in the period 10–25 days after heading (DAH). High-temperature treatment from 7 to 21 DAH abolished the dynamic up-regulation of OsPIP2;1 in the period 15–20 DAH, whereas OsTIP3;1 expression was not affected. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that OsPIP2;1 was present in the starchy endosperm, nucellar projection, nucellar epidermis, and dorsal vascular bundles, but not in the aleurone layer. OsTIP3;1 was present in the aleurone layer and starchy endosperm. Water transport activity of recombinant OsTIP3;1 was low, in contrast to the high activity of recombinant OsPIP2;1 we reported previously. Our data suggest that OsPIP2;1 and OsTIP3;1 have distinct roles in developing grains.
Central Venous Line Complications with Chronic Ambulatory Infusion of Prostacyclin Analogues in Pediatric Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Marr Courtney R. , McSweeney Julia E. , Mullen Mary P. , Kulik Thomas J. 
Published: April 2015

Chronic infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) via a Broviac central venous line (CVL) is attended by risk of CVL‐related complications, but we know of only one report regarding CVL‐associated bloodstream infection (BSI) with PGI2 in children and none regarding other complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension treated with chronic intravenous infusion of PGI2 at Boston Children's Hospital and determined the rate (per 1,000 line‐days) of various CVL‐related complications. We also determined how often complications necessitated line replacement and hospitalization, time to replacement of CVLs, and interpatient variability in the incidence of complications. From 1999 until 2014, 26 patients meeting follow‐up criteria had PGI2 infusion, representing 43,855 line‐days; mean follow‐up was 56 months (range, 1.4–161 months). The CVL complication rates (per 1,000 line‐days) were as follows: CVL‐BSI, 0.25; superficial line infection, 0.48; impaired integrity, 0.59; occlusion, 0.09; and malposition, 0.32. The total complication rate was 1.73 cases per 1,000 line‐days. All CVL‐BSI and malposition cases were treated with CVL removal and replacement. Of CVLs with impaired integrity, 23 could be repaired and 3 required replacement. Six of 21 superficial CVL infections required replacement of the CVL. Three of 4 occluded CVLs were replaced. CVL complications occasioned 65 hospitalizations. There was marked interpatient variability in the rate of complications, much but not all of which appeared to be related to duration of CVL placement. We conclude that non‐BSI complications are very significant and that efforts to teach and emphasize other aspects of line care are therefore very important.
Lack of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between maraviroc and tacrolimus in allogeneic HSCT recipients
Authors: Ganetsky Alex , Miano Todd A. , Hughes Mitchell E. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Porter David L. , Reshef Ran 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Emerging data suggest that the combination of tacrolimus and the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, both cytochrome P450-3A4 substrates, may be effective in preventing graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. This study evaluated whether a pharmacokinetic interaction exists between these agents.

Methods
The study included 36 allogeneic HSCT recipients who received maraviroc + tacrolimus and 43 recipients of tacrolimus alone. We used a difference-in-differences analysis to examine the change in the concentration/dose ratios of tacrolimus after the discontinuation of maraviroc. In addition, we analysed the concentrations and dose requirements of tacrolimus in the two groups.

Results
There was no significant difference in tacrolimus concentration/dose ratios in patients receiving maraviroc + tacrolimus compared with tacrolimus alone. Upon discontinuation of maraviroc, the change in concentration/dose ratio was small and not significant relative to the control group, and the effect estimate was further attenuated after adjustment for confounders [−0.35 (ng/mL)/(mg/day); P = 0.46]. In addition, the change in mean tacrolimus dose after discontinuation of maraviroc was similar between the groups (0.12 mg/day; P = 0.56), as was the change in mean tacrolimus concentration (0.02 ng/mL; P = 0.97).

Conclusions
Our findings do not support a significant inhibitory effect of maraviroc on the metabolism of tacrolimus. These data demonstrate that this drug combination is safe and imply that the protective effect of maraviroc against graft-versus-host disease was not mediated through an increase in tacrolimus concentrations. These findings are important for the design of clinical trials that evaluate maraviroc in combination with cytochrome P450-3A4 substrates.