bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulations for an inventory routing problem
Authors: Archetti Claudia , Bianchessi Nicola , Irnich Stefan , Speranza M. Grazia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present and compare formulations for the inventory routing problem (IRP) where the demand of customers has to be served, over a discrete time horizon, by capacitated vehicles starting and ending their routes at a depot. The objective of the IRP is the minimization of the sum of inventory and transportation costs. The formulations include known and new mathematical programming formulations. Valid inequalities are also presented. The formulations are tested on a large set of benchmark instances. One of the most significant conclusions is that the formulations that use vehicle‐indexed variables are superior to the more compact, aggregate formulations.
Grazing‐induced changes in plant–soil feedback alter plant biomass allocation
Authors: Veen G. F. (Ciska) , de Vries Saskia , Bakker Elisabeth S. , van der Putten Wim H. , Olff Han 
Published: February 2014

Large vertebrate herbivores, as well as plant–soil feedback interactions are important drivers of plant performance, plant community composition and vegetation dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is poorly understood whether and how large vertebrate herbivores and plant–soil feedback effects interact. Here, we study the response of grassland plant species to grazing‐induced legacy effects in the soil and we explore whether these plant responses can help us to understand long‐term vegetation dynamics in the field.In a greenhouse experiment we tested the response of four grassland plant species, Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus and Rumex acetosa, to field‐conditioned soils from grazed and ungrazed grassland. We relate these responses to long‐term vegetation data from a grassland exclosure experiment in the field.In the greenhouse experiment, we found that total biomass production and biomass allocation to roots was higher in soils from grazed than from ungrazed plots. There were only few relationships between plant production in the greenhouse and the abundance of conspecifics in the field. Spatiotemporal patterns in plant community composition were more stable in grazed than ungrazed grassland plots, but were not related to plant–soil feedbacks effects and biomass allocation patterns.We conclude that grazing‐induced soil legacy effects mainly influenced plant biomass allocation patterns, but could not explain altered vegetation dynamics in grazed grasslands. Consequently, the direct effects of grazing on plant community composition (e.g. through modifying light competition or differences in grazing tolerance) appear to overrule indirect effects through changes in plant–soil feedback.
Carbon Recycling for Renewable Materials and Energy Supply
Authors: Bringezu Stefan 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe current flow of carbon for the production, use, and waste management of polymer‐based products is still mostly linear from the lithosphere to the atmosphere with rather low rates of material recycling. In view of a limited future supply of biomass, this article outlines the options to further develop carbon recycling (C‐REC). The focus is on carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and use for synthesis of platform chemicals to produce polymers. CO2 may be captured from exhaust gases after combustion or fermentation of waste in order to establish a C‐REC system within the technosphere. As a long‐term option, an external C‐REC system can be developed by capturing atmospheric CO2. A central role may be expected from renewable methane (or synthetic natural gas), which is increasingly being used for storage and transport of energy, but may also be used for renewable carbon supply for chemistry. The energy input for the C‐REC processes can come from wind and solar systems, in particular, power for the production of hydrogen, which is combined with CO2 to produce various hydrocarbons. Most of the technological components for the system already exist, and, first modules for renewable fuel and polymer production systems are underway in Germany. This article outlines how the system may further develop over the medium to long term, from a piggy‐back add‐on flow system toward a self‐carrying recycling system, which has the potential to provide the material and energy backbone of future societies. A critical bottleneck seems to be the capacity and costs of renewable energy supply, rather than the costs of carbon capture.
Average Hospital Length of Stay, Nurses’ Work Demands, and Their Health and Job Outcomes
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hyun , Park Mihyun , Jeon Sang Hee , Chang Hyoung Eun , Hong Hyun‐Ja 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationship between average hospital length of stay (LOS) of nursing units and work demands perceived by nurses, and between work demands and nurses’ health and job outcomes.DesignA cross‐sectional study using nurse survey data collected in a tertiary university hospital in Seoul, South Korea, in 2013 including 746 staff nurses working on 36 general, oncology, or intensive care units.MethodsEach unit's average LOS was categorized as short (1st quartile), medium (2nd and 3rd quartiles), or long (4th quartile). Work demands (i.e., quantitative demands, work pace, and emotional demands), and nurses’ health and job outcomes were measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. Their relationships were examined by multiple linear or logistic regression analyses with multilevel modeling.FindingsThe nurses reported high mean scores of work demands and poor health and job outcomes, compared with other occupations. The nurses working on units with a short or medium (vs. long) LOS perceived higher quantitative and emotional demands, and a higher work pace. Greater quantitative and emotional demands were associated with poor self‐rated health, greater sleeping troubles, work–family conflict, stress and burnout, lower job satisfaction, and a greater intent to leave. A higher work pace was also significantly related to greater work–family conflict.ConclusionsA shorter LOS was associated with higher work demands, and higher work demands were associated with worse nurse outcomes. Thus, excessive work demands should be avoided to prevent nurses’ health and job outcomes from deteriorating.Clinical RelevanceNurse managers need to monitor the impacts of reducing LOS on work demands and nurse outcomes and request additional nurses to meet increasing work demands.
Geoepidemiology and space–time analysis of Primary biliary cirrhosis in Crete, Greece
Authors: Koulentaki M , Mantaka A , Sifaki‐Pistolla D , Thalassinos E , Tzanakis N , Kouroumalis E 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThe prevalence of Primary biliary cirrhosis varies in different geographical areas. This might reflect genetic or environmental risk factors. We aimed to define Primary biliary cirrhosis prevalence and incidence, describe patient's spatial distribution, generate prediction maps and detect any possible routing pattern of time‐spatial appearance of the disease in Crete, Greece.MethodsFrom 1990–2010, 245 Primary biliary cirrhosis patients diagnosed and followed up at the Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital and the District Hospitals of the island, were contacted and 222 were included in the time–spatial analysis. To map their spatial distribution per 5‐year periods, geospatial models were applied in Gis–ArcMap 9.3 software. Kriging Interpolation methods were used to generate prediction maps for the disease in Crete. Areas of high and low probability of disease occurrence were estimated through multicriteria modelling. The disease route was defined by Gis‐ArcMap's toolbox.ResultsPrevalence was found to be 365 cases per million, with a mean incidence of 20.88 (range 3.79–35.99). Prediction map estimates from 1.22 to 11 patients per 50 km2 all over Crete. Areas of high risk of disease occurrence are located in the Eastern part, while low risk in the Western part of the island.DiscussionPrevalence and incidence of Primary biliary cirrhosis in Crete are among the higher published in Europe. Given the homogeneous and stable study population and the geopolitics of the island, the heterogeneity in the time‐spatial distribution and the route of disease appearance strongly suggest a role for environmental causative agents.
Prevalence of renal abnormalities in chronic HBV infection: The HARPE study
Authors: Amet Sabine , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Thabut Dominique , Zoulim Fabien , Bourliere Marc , Mathurin Philippe , de Ledinghen Victor , Benhamou Yves , Larrey Dominique G. , Janus Nicolas , Deray Gilbert , Launay‐Vacher Vincent , Pol Stanislas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsFew data are available on the prevalence of renal abnormalities in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients. The multicentric cross‐sectional HARPE study evaluated the prevalence of kidney disease indicators, in chronic HBV surface antigen carriers patients (HBsAg+) with active or inactive infection.Patients and methodsTwo hundred and sixty‐eight HBsAg+ adult patients, naïve of any oral antihepatitis B virus treatment were prospectively included over 2 years. Data for renal assessment were collected once from patient files. Univariate tests and multiple linear regressions were performed with the SAS software, version 8.02 (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC, USA).ResultsAmong the 260 patients analysed, 58% were men, the mean age was 42 ± 14 years, 59.6% were inactive carriers whereas 47 patients, mostly active, were about to start an antiviral therapy. Prevalence of proteinuria, haematuria, glycosuria, uninfectious leukocyturia was 38.1%, 20.6%, 3.9% and 9% respectively. According to the international definition, a total of 64.6% of patients were found to have kidney disease. Diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia were observed, respectively, in 4.6%, 9.2% and 38.8% patients. There were no significant differences in these results within the three subgroups.ConclusionRenal abnormalities are highly prevalent in our population and pre‐exist before the initiation of any antihepatitis B virus treatment. This emphasizes the need for: (i) a baseline renal evaluation in all HBs antigen‐positive patients; (ii) a regular renal monitoring before and during antihepatitis B virus treatment to diagnose and manage renal impairment and adjust antihepatitis B virus treatment doses to renal function when necessary.
Demographic processes shaping genetic variation of the solitarious phase of the desert locust
Authors: Chapuis Marie‐Pierre , Plantamp Christophe , Blondin Laurence , Pagès Christine , Vassal Jean‐Michel , Lecoq Michel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBetween plagues, the solitarious desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is generally thought to exist as small populations, which are particularly prone to extinction events in arid regions of Africa and Asia. Given the high genetic structuring observed in one geographical area (the Eritrean coast) by former authors, a metapopulation dynamics model involving repeated extinction and colonization events was favoured. In this study, we assessed the validity of a demographic scenario involving temporary populations of the solitarious phase of the desert locust by analysing large‐scale population genetic data. We scored 24 microsatellites in 23 solitarious population samples collected over most of the species range during remission. We found very little genetic structuring and little evidence of declining genetic diversity. A Bayesian clustering method distinguished four genetically differentiated units. Three groups were largely consistent with three population samples which had undergone recent bottleneck events. Nevertheless, the last genetically homogeneous unit included all individuals from the remaining 18 population samples and did not show evidence of demographic disequilibrium. An approximate Bayesian computation treatment indicated a large population size for this main genetic group, moderately reduced between plague and remission but still containing tens of thousands of individuals. Our results diverge from the hypothesis of a classical metapopulation dynamics model. They instead support the scenario in which large populations persist in the solitarious phase of the desert locust.
Zone of proximal development (ZPD) as an ability to play in psychotherapy: A theory‐building case study of very brief therapy
Authors: Zonzi Anna , Barkham Michael , Hardy Gillian E. , Llewelyn Susan P. , Stiles William B. , Leiman Mikael 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThis theory‐building case study examined the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in psychotherapy within the assimilation model. Theoretically, the ZPD is the segment of the continuum of therapeutic development within which assimilation of problematic experiences can take place. Work within a problem's current ZPD may be manifested as a Winnicottian ability to play, that is, an ability to adopt a flexible reflexive stance to the presenting problem and be involved in joint examination of possible alternatives. Play may be recognized in the client's receptivity to and creative use of the therapist's formulations of the presenting problems.Design and methodsA case was selected from a comparative clinical trial of two very brief psychotherapies for mild to moderate depression, the Two‐Plus‐One Project (Barkham, Shapiro, Hardy, & Rees, 1999, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 67, 201). Martha, a woman in her late forties, received two sessions of psychodynamic‐interpersonal therapy 1 week apart and a follow‐up (‘plus one') session approximately 3 months later. Dialogical sequence analysis was used to analyse the transcripts of the three sessions.ResultsThe analysis revealed Martha's problematic action pattern, which remained unchanged throughout the three sessions. Her ability to use and elaborate the therapist's formulations depended on the referential object that the therapist addressed; in particular, she seemed unable to play with the therapist's formulations of her more problematic experiences.ConclusionsThe case helped elucidate how the ZPD is content dependent. Winnicott's conception of playing emphasizes the quality of client response as an indicator of this content sensitivity. Differing breadths of major problems' ZPD, manifested as differing abilities to play with therapists' formulations may explain why some clients improve in psychotherapy while some do not.Practitioner points

Accessing very problematic content may be very difficult even though the client's ability to mentalize other material appears ordinary.

Mildly depressed clients who have developed powerful care‐taking coping strategies may not respond to very brief therapeutic interventions.

A client's minimal acknowledgements may mislead the therapist into supplementing the client's failing self‐reflection rather than addressing the issue that provokes this failure.
Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ultraviolet A‐1 Phototherapy for Parapsoriasis/Early‐Stage Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Aydogan Kenan , Yazici Serkan , Balaban Adim Saduman , Tilki Gunay Isil , Budak Ferah , Saricaoglu Hayriye , Tunali Sukran , Bulbul Baskan Emel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) and parapsoriasis (PP) are major dermatologic conditions for which phototherapy continues to be a successful and valuable treatment option. UVA‐1 phototherapy is effective in the management of cutaneous T‐cell mediated diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy for the management of PP/early‐stage MF. A total of 30 patients, diagnosed with MF (n:19) or PP (n:11) were enrolled to the study. All patients were managed with low‐dose UVA‐1 (20 or 30 J cm−2). Response was assessed clinically and immunohistochemically. UVA‐1 treatment led to clinical and histological complete remission (CR) in 11 of 19 MF patients (57.9%), partial remission (PR) in three of 19 (15.8%), after a mean cumulative dose of 1665 (range, 860–3120) J cm−2 and mean number of 73 exposure (range, 43–107) sessions. Five patients with PP (45.5%) showed CR, and PR was observed in six patients with PP (54.5%) after a mean cumulative dose of 1723 (range, 1060–3030) J cm−2 and mean number of 74 exposure (range, 53–101) sessions. We conclude that low‐dose UVA‐1 therapy seems to be an effective, safe, and well‐tolerated treatment option for patients with PP/early‐stage MF.
Evidence for Unapparent Brucella canis Infections among Adults with Occupational Exposure to Dogs
Authors: Krueger W. S. , Lucero N. E. , Brower A. , Heil G. L. , Gray G. C. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryHuman serological assays designed to detect brucellosis will miss infections caused by Brucella canis, and low levels of periodic bacteremia limit diagnosis by blood culture. Recent B. canis outbreaks in dogs and concomitant illnesses in caretakers suggest that unapparent human infections may be occurring. With more than a quarter of a million persons in occupations involving dogs, and nearly 80 million dog owners in the United States, this pathogen is an under‐recognized human health threat. To investigate occupational exposure to B. canis, we adapted a commercial canine serological assay and present the first controlled seroepidemiological study of human B. canis infections in recent years. 306 adults with occupational exposure to dogs and 101 non‐matched, non‐canine‐exposed subjects were enrolled. Antibodies were detected using the canine D‐Tec® CB rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) kit with a secondary 2‐mercaptoethanol (ME)‐RSAT. Results were validated on a blinded subset of sera with an additional RSAT and indirect enzyme‐linked immunoassay at the National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes (ANLIS) in Argentina. Seroprevalence ranged from 10.8% (RSAT) to 3.6% (ME‐RSAT) among canine‐exposed subjects. Kennel employees were more likely to test RSAT seropositive compared with other canine exposures (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.8); however, low seroprevalence limited meaningful occupational risk factor analyses. Two seropositive participants reported experiencing symptoms consistent with brucellosis and having exposure to B. canis‐infected dogs; however, temporality of symptom onset with reported exposure could not be determined. D‐Tec® CB results had substantial agreement with ANLIS assays (Cohen's kappa = 0.60–0.68). These data add to a growing body of literature suggesting that people occupationally exposed to dogs may be at risk of unapparent B. canis infection. It seems prudent to consider B. canis as an occupational public health concern and encourage the development of serological assays to detect human B. canis infections.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Switzerland
Authors: Burri C. , Vial F. , Ryser‐Degiorgis M.‐P. , Schwermer H. , Darling K. , Reist M. , Wu N. , Beerli O. , Schöning J. , Cavassini M. , Waldvogel A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryHepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. Studies from Switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 2.6–21%, a range lower than in adjacent European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in Switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. Serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2006 and 2011 and from 303 wild boars from 2008 to 2012 were analysed by ELISA for the presence of HEV‐specific antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence was 58.1% in domestic pigs and 12.5% in wild boars. Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in 2006 than in 2011. In conclusion, HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland is comparable with the seroprevalence in other countries and not increasing. Therefore, prevalence of HEV in humans must be related to other factors than prevalence in pigs or wild boars.
Subspecies Identification and Significance of 257 Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Tran Quynh T. , Han Xiang Y. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium avium
is abundant in the environment. It has four subspecies of three types: the human or porcine type,
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
; the bird type, including
M. avium
subsp.
avium
serotype 1 and serotype 2, 3 (also
M. avium
subsp.
silvaticum
); and the ruminant type,
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
. We determined the subspecies of 257
M. avium
strains isolated from patients at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 2001 to 2010 and assessed their clinical significance. An assay of multiplex PCR was used for the typing. Results showed
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
to be most common (
n
= 238, 92.6%), followed by
M. avium
subsp.
avium
serotype 1 (
n
= 12, 4.7%) and serotype 2, 3 (
n
= 7, 2.7%). No strains of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
were found. Of the 238 patients with
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
, 65 (27.3%) showed evidence of definite or probable infections, mostly in the respiratory tract, whereas the rest had weak evidence of infection. The bird-type subspecies, despite being infrequently isolated, caused relatively more definite and probable infections (10 of 19 strains, 52.6%). Overall, women of 50 years of age or older were more prone to
M. avium
infection than younger women or men of all ages were. We therefore conclude that
M. avium
subsp.
hominissuis
is the dominant
M. avium
subspecies clinically, that the two bird-type subspecies do cause human infections, and that
M. avium
infects mainly postmenopausal women. The lack of human clinical isolation of the ruminant type subspecies may need further investigation.
Diversity of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Strains Colonizing Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children
Authors: Pickering J. , Smith-Vaughan H. , Beissbarth J. , Bowman J. M. , Wiertsema S. , Riley T. V. , Leach A. J. , Richmond P. , Lehmann D. , Kirkham L.-A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHI) strains are responsible for respiratory-related infections which cause a significant burden of disease in Australian children. We previously identified a disparity in NTHI culture-defined carriage rates between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children (42% versus 11%). The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to accurately determine the true NTHI carriage rates (excluding other culture-identical
Haemophilus
spp.) and assess whether the NTHI strain diversity correlates with the disparity in NTHI carriage rates. NTHI isolates were cultured from 595 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected longitudinally from asymptomatic Aboriginal (
n
= 81) and non-Aboriginal (
n
= 76) children aged 0 to 2 years living in the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region, Western Australia. NTHI-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR and PCR ribotyping were conducted on these isolates. Confirmation of NTHI by 16S rRNA gene PCR corrected the NTHI carriage rates from 42% to 36% in Aboriginal children and from 11% to 9% in non-Aboriginal children. A total of 75 different NTHI ribotypes were identified, with 51% unique to Aboriginal children and 13% unique to non-Aboriginal children (
P
< 0.0001). The strain richness (proportion of different NTHI ribotypes) was similar for Aboriginal (19%, 65/346) and non-Aboriginal children (19%, 37/192) (
P
= 0.909). Persistent carriage of the same ribotype was rare in the two groups, but colonization with multiple NTHI strains was more common in Aboriginal children than in non-Aboriginal children. True NTHI carriage was less than that estimated by culture. The Aboriginal children were more likely to carry unique and multiple NTHI strains, which may contribute to the chronicity of NTHI colonization and subsequent disease.