bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing the basal ganglia circuitry: A possible new role for dopamine D2 receptors in health and disease
Authors: Cazorla Maxime , Kang Un Jung , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCurrent therapies for treating movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease are effective but limited by undesirable and intractable side effects. Developing more effective therapies will require better understanding of what causes basal ganglia dysregulation and why medication‐induced side effects develop. Although basal ganglia have been extensively studied in the last decades, its circuit anatomy is very complex, and significant controversy exists as to how the interplay of different basal ganglia nuclei process motor information and output. We have recently identified the importance of an underappreciated collateral projection that bridges the striatal output direct pathway with the indirect pathway. These bridging collaterals are extremely plastic in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of motor balance. Our findings add a new angle to the classical model of basal ganglia circuitry that could be exploited for the development of new therapies against movement disorders. In this Scientific Perspective, we describe the function of bridging collaterals and other recent discoveries that challenge the simplicity of the classical basal ganglia circuit model. We then discuss the potential implication of bridging collaterals in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Because dopamine D2 receptors and striatal neuron excitability have been found to regulate the density of bridging collaterals, we propose that targeting these projections downstream of D2 receptors could be a possible strategy for the treatment of basal ganglia disorders. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune‐toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: Implication for celiac disease
Authors: Gianfrani Carmen , Camarca Alessandra , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Di Stasio Luigia , Giardullo Nicola , Ferranti Pasquale , Picariello Gianluca , Rotondi Aufiero Vera , Picascia Stefania , Troncone Riccardo , Pogna Norberto , Auricchio Salvatore , Mamone Gianfranco 
Published: May 2015

ScopeThe ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low‐toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro‐intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat.Methods and resultsGliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin‐chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T‐cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T‐cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin‐chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS‐based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T‐cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion.ConclusionThe pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
Extremely wideband in‐phase power divider using modified Wilkinson design
Authors: Ahmed U. T. , Abbosh A. M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA planar in‐phase power divider with extreme wideband behavior using modified Wilkinson design is presented. Instead of using T‐junction at the input port of the traditional design, the proposed divider uses broadside coupled microstrip to slotline configuration. Moreover, the impedance matching of the output ports is significantly improved across several octaves bandwidth using three binomial sections, whereas the isolation between those ports is enhanced across that band using three isolation resistors. The utilized structure is suitable for single layer integration as both the input and output ports are located at the same layer. A prototype of the presented device is designed using a proper theoretical approach, built, and tested. The developed device has a compact size with an overall dimension of 40 × 55 mm2 using the substrate Rogers RO4003 (dielectric constant = 3.38, thickness = 0.406 mm). While the device can be used for any wideband application, the developed prototype is designed to operate within the band 1–7 GHz, which is used in most microwave‐based medical imaging applications. The achieved simulated and measured results show that the proposed device has equal power division between the two output ports with less than 0.2‐dB amplitude imbalance, more than 10‐dB return loss and 15‐dB isolation, and less than 2° phase difference between the two output signals across the extremely wide frequency band 1.2–7 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1799–1802, 2015
A dual‐band compact printed monopole antenna using multiple rectangle‐shaped defected ground structures and cross‐shaped feed line
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Tomar Raghuvir 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA compact printed monopole antenna with dual‐band operation at 1.8 GHz (GSM Band) and 5.2 GHz (Wi‐Fi Band) is presented. The antenna consists of a modified U‐shaped radiating patch with a triple rectangular defect in the ground plane. The antenna is fed by a cross‐shaped feed line, which helps in realizing the dual‐band operation. The antenna has been designed using RO4350 substrate. The design size achieved is 19 × 28 mm2. An impedance bandwidth of about 32% at 1.8 GHz and about 29% at 5.2 GHz for 10 dB return loss has been achieved. A size reduction of about 12% in comparison with a similar antenna without defected ground structures has been achieved. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested, and a good agreement between simulated and measured results is seen. Acceptable E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patterns have been observed through simulations, and a peak antenna gain of about 2.8 dBi has been achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1810–1813, 2015
Miniaturized Wilkinson power divider with extra coupled line section for compensation
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Ma Zhewang , Sakagami Iwata , Mase Atsushi , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, λ/4 coupled microstrip line section is used in the design of two‐way miniaturized Wilkinson power divider. To compensate the phase velocity difference in λ/4 coupled microstrip line section, extra coupled line section is connected between λ/4 coupled line section and two output ports. Due to no lumped elements have been used, this compensation method not only provides compact circuit size and easy fabrication but also suitable for high frequency operation. Design equations are derived from even‐ and odd‐mode analyses. Several design examples show that: (i) Extra coupled line section could compensate arbitrary coupling strength in λ/4 coupled microstrip line section, and its coupling strength also can be adjusted arbitrarily. (ii) Considering the bandwidths of S22, S33, and S32, the coupling strength of λ/4 coupled microstrip line section plays a major role, the bandwidths become narrower as coupling strength increased. Compared with the conventional λ/4 coupled line section model in homogeneous medium, the bandwidth differences are very small, and they can be negligible. In other word, the proposed model could provide the same performance for inhomogeneous medium application. (iii) The length of extra coupled line section becomes longer as coupling strength of λ/4 coupled line section increased, however, it becomes shorter as coupling strength of extra coupled line section increased. In experiment, one circuit was fabricated, the measurement results showed good agreement with theoretical results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1869–1873, 2015
60‐GHz low‐power OOK transmitter in 65‐NMCMOS technology
Authors: Lee Hui Dong , Kang Tae Young , Lee Moon‐Sik , Park Bonghyuk 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes the design of a low‐power 60‐GHz OOK transmitter. A simple OOK structure is adopted for a low‐power and stable operation. The power consumption is reduced by implementing a LC‐VCO that operates at a low‐voltage. In addition, a switching modulator in the transmitter consumes less power due to no power consumption at the low‐state of a high‐speed data signal. The transmitter, implemented in a 65‐nm CMOS technology, has an output power of −2 dBm, on/off isolation over 40 dB, and tuning range of 64.8–67.7GHz. It is possible to communicate wirelessly within 5cm while consuming only 13.3 mW. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1977–1980, 2015
Study of the chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity using neural differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Hadi , Soodi Maliheh , Qasemian‐Lemraski Mehdi , Jafarzadeh Emad , Taha Masoumeh Fakhr 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTChlorpyrifos (CPF) is the most commonly used organophosphorus insecticide which causes neurodevelopmental toxicity. So far, animals have been used as ideal models for neurotoxicity studies, but working with animals is very expensive, laborious, and ethically challenging. This has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives. During recent years, several studies have reported successful differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells to neurons. This has provided an excellent model for neurotoxicologic studies. In this study, neural differentiation of mouse adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) was used as an in vitro model for investigation of CPF neurotoxicity. For this purpose, mouse ADSCs were cultured in a medium containing knockout serum replacement and were treated with different concentrations of CPF at several stages of differentiation. Cytotoxic effect of CPF and the expression of neuron‐specific genes and proteins were studied in the differentiating ADSCs. Furthermore, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was assessed by Ellman assay at different stages of differentiation. This study showed that up to 500 μM CPF did not alter viability of the undifferentiated ADSCs, whereas viability of the differentiating cells decreased with 500 μM CPF. CPF upregulated the expression of some neuron‐specific genes and seemed to decrease the number of β‐tubulin III and MAP2 proteins‐expressing cells. There was no detectable acetylcholine esterase activity in differentiated ADSCs. In summary, it was shown that CPF treatment can decrease the viability of ADSC‐derived neurons and dysregulate the expression of some neuronal markers through acetylcholinesterase‐independent mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1510–1519, 2016.
Research on Acute Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Jinyulian Oral Solution
Authors: Cheng Wan-Qing , Zhang Zhen-Jian , Cao Chuan-Bin , Ye Xiao-Wen , Pan Wang-Ping , Ye Si-Ying , Zhu Bo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A research on Jinyulian Oral Solution was conducted and the objectives were to discover its possible acute toxicity and antibacterial effects when used in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the acute toxicity test, Kunming mice were fed a maximum amount of the solution as their stomachs could hold, i.e., 40 mL kg−1. To ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the solution, two types of germs, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were selected and tube dilution method was adopted. An antibacterial experimental model relying on animals’ body was developed for the researchers to observe the solution’s antibacterial effects. Test results showed that no abnormalities were discovered within 14 days after the initial date of testing and the mice grew as normal when fed with an amount of the solution 250 times of a normal clinical doze (In this case a man was assumed to weigh 60 kg.) and that the solution demonstrated obvious antibacterial effects on the two types of selected germs. The respective measured MIC50 and MIC90 values of the two germs were 3.2, 12.8, 6.4, and 25.6 mg L−1. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that Jinyulian Oral Solution possesses no acute toxicity but obvious antibacterial effects on the two before-mentioned germs.
Prognostic significance of incident atrial fibrillation following STEMI depends on the timing of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gal P. , Parlak E. , Demirel F. , Adiyaman A. , ten Berg J. , van ’t Hof A.W.J. , Elvan A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with short-term mortality after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but there is limited data on the temporal association between AF and mortality after STEMI. A total of 830 patients were included (age: 62 ± 12 years, 76 % male). Patients with new-onset AF < 30 days after STEMI were divided among three subgroups: AF on the day of admission, AF 24–72 h and AF > 72 h after admission. Thirty-day mortality was assessed by telephone and via the municipal population registry. Twenty patients died < 30 days after admission. In 41 patients, AF was detected on the day of admission, in 14 patients 24–72 h after admission and in 18 patients > 72 h after admission. Mortality was higher in patients with AF on the day of admission (7.3 vs 2.2 %, p = 0.036) and 24–72 h after admission (14.3 vs 1.4 %, p < 0.001), but not in patients with AF > 72 h after admission (0 vs 1.1 %, p > 0.999). Age (odds ratio (OR) 1.123, p < 0.001), Killip class (adjusted OR 8.341, p < 0.001), AF on the day of admission (OR 3.585, p = 0.049) and 24–72 h after admission (OR 11.515, p = 0.003) were, amongst other variables, associated with an increased 30-day mortality. In conclusion, only new-onset incident AF during the first 72 h after admission was associated with 30-day mortality in STEMI patients.
Micro-patterning of Indium thin film for generation of micron and submicron particles using femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer
Authors: Alti Kamlesh , Dwivedi Sudhanshu , Chidangil Santhosh , Mathur Deepak , Khare Alika 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on micro-pattering of Indium thin film (donor substrate) using a higher deposition dose than previously reported. The threshold deposition dose required for micro-patterning was measured. Ejected material from the micro-patterned thin film was deposited onto an accepter substrate kept in close proximity; it clearly shows deposition of micron and submicron particles of Indium. Moreover, a clean line like structure was deposited onto the accepter substrate when the accepter substrate was moved with the same velocity as that of the donor substrate.
Registration of a hybrid robot using the Degradation-Kronecker method and a purely nonlinear method
Authors: Yan S. J. , Ong S. K. , Nee A. Y. C. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYAlthough the registration of a robot is crucial in order to identify its pose with respect to a tracking system, there is no reported solution to address this issue for a hybrid robot. Different from classical registration, the registration of a hybrid robot requires the need to solve an equation with three unknowns where two of these unknowns are coupled together. This property makes it difficult to obtain a closed-form solution. This paper is a first attempt to solve the registration of a hybrid robot. The Degradation-Kronecker (D-K) method is proposed as an optimal closed-form solution for the registration of a hybrid robot in this paper. Since closed-form methods generally suffer from limited accuracy, a purely nonlinear (PN) method is proposed to complement the D-K method. With simulation and experiment results, it has been found that both methods are robust. The PN method is more accurate but slower as compared to the D-K method. The fast computation property of the D-K method makes it appropriate to be applied in real-time circumstances, while the PN method is suitable to be applied where good accuracy is preferred.
POLITICAL IDEALS AND THE FEASIBILITY FRONTIER
Authors: Wiens David 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:I present an analysis of feasibility that generalizes the economic concept of a production possibility frontier and develop a model of the feasibility frontier using the familiar possible worlds technology. I then use the model to show that we cannot reasonably expect that adopting political ideals as long-term reform objectives will guide us toward the realization of morally optimal feasible states of affairs. I conclude by proposing that political philosophers turn their attention to the analysis of actual social failures rather than political ideals.
Lautsi vs. Italy: Questioning the Majoritarian Premise
Authors: Perez Nahshon 
Published: May 2015

Abstractin 2011, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) published its seminal decision in theLautsi vs. Italycase, arguing that the requirement in Italian law that all public schools will display crucifixes in each classroom does not violate the European Convention on Human Rights. This decision gave rise to a storm of reactions. The goal of this article is to argue, that the ECHR used “majoritarianism” in an under-theorized way and/or unattractive way, and that this usage of the concept can be identified in other cases as well (see the highly controversialDahlab vs. Swiss, ECHR). Demonstrating the procedural, monopoly based and circularity problems within the ECHR decision point to potential ways to criticize the court decision, without taking sides in the heated and highly divisive debate between so called “neutrality supporters” and (roughly) “endorsed church — majoritarian supporters,” sides of the debate surrounding “Lautsi.”
Epidemiologie des Konsums, Mißbrauchs und der Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen Drogen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen: Die prospektiv-longitudinale Verlaufsstudie EDSP
Authors: Lieb Roselind , Schuster Peter , Pfister Hildegard , Fuetsch Martina , Höfler Michael , Isensee Barbara , Müller Nina , Sonntag Holger , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich 
Published: May 2015

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick (Ziele, Design, Methodik) über die Early Developmental Stages of Substance Problems Studie (EDSP). In der EDSP wurden N=3021 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene (Alter 14 bis 24 Jahre) aus München und der Umgebung von München von 1995 bis 1999 prospektiv in drei Untersuchungswellen einschließlich einer unabhängigen Elternbefragung zum Konsum, Mißbrauch und Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen untersucht. Befunde der Basisuntersuchung haben ergeben, daß <OL TYPE=a><LI>der Konsum von legalen (über 90%) und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen (35%) in dieser Altersgruppe offensichtlich weiter verbreitet ist als bisher angenommen, <LI>der Konsum dieser Substanzen in den jüngeren Altersgruppen weiterhin ansteigt sowie <LI>eine beträchtliche Anzahl der befragten Personen bereits früh Mißbrauchs- oder Abhängigkeitssyndrome entwickelt hat.</OL>
Prädiktion des Drogenkonsums und der Suchtentwicklung durch Faktoren in der Kindheit: Grundlagen und Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Küfner Heinrich , Duwe Anette , Schuman Jutta , Bühringer Gerhard 
Published: May 2015

Im Rahmen der Studie »Längsschnittanalyse des Drogenabusus« (LADA) wurde ein Konzept zur Prädiktion des Drogenkonsums und einer Suchtdiagnose (schädlicher Gebrauch oder Abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV) entwickelt und Ergebnisse der ersten Datenerhebung dargestellt. Bei der vorliegenden Analyse werden Kindheitsfaktoren bis zum Alter von 10 Jahren in ihrer prädiktiven Bedeutung für einen späteren Drogenkonsum bzw. für die Entwicklung einer Suchtdiagnose erfaßt. Auf diese Weise werden Einflußfaktoren der Pubertät ausgegrenzt und gleichzeitig sicher gestellt, daß die potentiellen Bedingungsfaktoren vor dem Beginn eines Drogenkonsums auftreten. Die Probandenstichprobe umfaßt insgesamt 1147 Probanden, darunter auch eine Kontrollgruppe mit 105 Probanden ohne Drogenkonsum für den Vergleich mit Drogenkonsumenten. Für die Prädiktion einer Suchtdiagnose wurden Probandengruppen mit und ohne Suchtdiagnose verglichen. Die auf unterschiedlichen Zugangswegen rekrutierten Drogenkonsumenten waren in unterschiedlichen Phasen des Drogenkonsums vom Probierkonsum bis zur Abhängigkeit und können als repräsentativ für unterschiedliche Phasen des Drogenkonsums angesehen werden. Mit einem computergestützten Interview wurden folgende Lebensbereiche erfaßt: Familiäre Faktoren einschließlich der Suchtbelastung der Eltern, die soziale Situation und soziale Beziehungen, Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite und Hyperaktivität als Aspekte des ADH-Syndroms, deviantes Verhalten in der Kindheit und Kindheitstraumata. Das spätere Drogenverhalten wurde mit drei Sektionen des M-CIDI erfaßt. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung grundlegender Probleme der Prädiktion wurde ein allgemeines Strukturmodell des Drogenabusus entwickelt. Die empirisch-statistische Auswertung erfolgte durch eine Kombination von logistischer Regression und Survivalanalyse in 3 Schritten: <OL><LI>Univariate Auswertung der Einzelprädiktoren mit der abhängigen Variablen Drogenkonsum bzw. Suchtdiagnose <LI>Multivariate Prädiktion in den Bereichen Familien, Devianz, Kindheitstrauma und Konsum legaler Drogen hinsichtlich der gleichen abhängigen Variablen <LI>Gesamtmodell der Prädiktion unter Einbeziehung aller signifikanten Prädiktoren in den Teilbereichen.</OL> Männer und Frauen wurden durchgehend getrennt ausgewertet.
Anwendung des European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) im Rahmen einer ambulanten Behandlung von Drogenabhängigen
Authors: Weiler Detlef , Vogt Michaela , Küfner Heinrich 
Published: May 2015

Der European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) ist ein semi-strukturiertes Interview, welches Daten von Personen mit Suchtproblemen in sieben voneinander unabhängigen Problembereichen erfasst: körperlicher Zustand, Arbeits- und Unterhaltssituation, Alkoholgebrauch, Drogengebrauch, rechtliche Situation, Familie und Sozialbeziehungen sowie psychischer Status. Mit den Interviewer Schweregrad-Ratings und den Composite Scores stellt der EuropASI zwei verschiedene zusammenfassende Maße über Störungen in den einzelnen Lebensbereichen zur Verfügung. Es werden die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des EuropASI bei Klienten einer ambulanten medizinischen Rehabilitation unter Methadon-Substitution überprüft. Außerdem werden Veränderungsprozesse während der Behandlung mit Hilfe der Composite Scores untersucht. Bei der Untersuchung der internen Konsistenz der Composite Scores zeigen sich befriedigende Cronbachs Alpha-Werte. Die Interkorrelationen zwischen Interviewer-Schweregrad-Ratings und Composite Scores weisen auf eine gute Übereinstimmung der beiden zusammenfassenden Maße hin. Hinsichtlich der inhaltlichen Validität der Composite Scores werden Bedenken geäußert und Alternativvorschläge gemacht. Bei den Klienten der ambulanten medizinischen Rehabilitation zeigen sich beim Drogengebrauch und bei der rechtlichen Situation positive Veränderungen.