bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Against the Tyranny of Outcomes
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe book canvasses two sets of seemingly powerful arguments, the first that outcome-centered ethics cannot be wrong, the second that it cannot be right. It proceeds to undermine the arguments that outcome-centered ethics cannot be wrong, in the process providing additional support for the arguments that it cannot be right. Rooting out the mistaken grounding for outcome-centered ethics, it argues, involves rooting out the outcome-centered accounts of value, attitudes, reasons, and actions upon which the case for outcome-centered ethics depends, together with the considerations that have been offered to support them. The ethical and intuitive arguments for outcome-centered ethics are implausible (Chapters 2 and 3), the outcome-centered accounts of attitudes, reasons, and actions that form the cornerstone of the non-ethical argument for outcome-centered ethics are implausible (Chapters 4 and 5), and the considerations offered to shore up such outcome-centered accounts either themselves turn on the same equivocations that undermine the ethical arguments or depend upon highly controversial positions in metaphysics and the theory of action (Chapter 6). The result is a comprehensive argument for rejecting these outcome-centered accounts, in the process stepping outside of this toxic outcome-centered circle. The final chapter points to only a few of the many significant implications of this comprehensive rejection of the tyranny of outcomes, with particular focus upon our democratic and legal practices. It demonstrates that outcome-centered accounts lead agents away from the quest for good reasons of the right kind and towards appeal to the wrong kinds of reasons, and to bad reasons of the right kind.
The Collapse of Other Intuitive and Ethical Arguments for Consequentialism
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chapter takes up several common intuitive and ethical (rather than non-ethical) arguments for consequentialism. The first argument appeals to a form of the claim that any adequate rationale for an account of right action must appeal to claims about non-deontic value; the second appeals to the deeply intuitive idea that it is always right to do what’s best; the third appeals to the alleged intuition that the aim of every action it to bring about some outcome. It is argued that insights gained from the failure of the consequentializing strategy undermine all of these arguments, leaving the burden of proof, at the ethical level, squarely against outcome-centered ethics. Each of the ethical and intuitive arguments turns on an outcome-centered interpretation of a commitment that loses all plausibility once more plausible non-outcome-centered interpretations are brought into view.
The Non-Ethical Argument for the Tyranny of Outcomes in Ethics
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChapter 4 presents the non-ethical argument for consequentialism. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrated that the ethical arguments for consequentialism fail. But Chapter 4 demonstrates that the conclusions of each of these failed arguments for consequentialism find apparent support from widely held non-ethical premises supplied by mutually reinforcing outcome-centered accounts of reasons, actions, and attitudes. These are the default accounts in the theory of action and the theory of mind, accounts that are embedded in rational choice theory and the Standard Story of action. The chapter demonstrates the pivotal role played by the default account of the contrasting directions of fit characteristic of practical and theoretical attitudes. This contrast supports an outcome-centered account of desires, and hence outcome-centered accounts of the actions that they rationalize and the practical reasons that they supply in providing such rationalizations. Consequentialism is thus grounded outside of ethics, in default accounts in the theory of action and the theory of mind that are taken to have independent support.
Selected Implications
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe argument here begins the process of exposing the deformities to our ethical theories, our social practices, and our very self-understanding as agents that have been produced by the tyrannical sway of outcome-centered accounts. In particular, it provides detailed diagnoses of the deformations that have resulted to our democratic and legal practices, and to our ethical theorizing. Harnessing standard distinctions between the right and wrong kinds of reasons, and between good and bad reasons, the argument demonstrates that adoption of the outcome-centered framework alienates us, both in our theories of agency and ethics and in our social practices, from good reasons of the right kind for acting and interacting, leading us to focus instead on reasons of the wrong kinds, and on bad—inauthentic—reasons of the right kind.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Love
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We argue in this chapter that critics have insufficiently appreciated the force of Barrett Browning’s approach to form, which, we think, drives not only her most obviously radical poetry (“Cry of the Children”; “Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point”; Poems before Congress) but also the trenchant critique of bourgeois ideology that is Aurora Leigh. Barrett Browning has too often been dismissed. As the argument goes, even if she does critique certain aspects of domestic ideology, she is ultimately a conservative voice repeating Victorian commonplaces about love, class, and religion. We look again at Aurora Leigh to reconsider Barrett Browning’s understanding of genre and the ideological effect of her formal choices. We thus align Barrett Browning with a radical tradition influenced by the French Revolution and made popular by Lord Byron.
Robert Browning and the Virtuous Act
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we tease out the influence of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh on Robert Browning’s approach to temporality. We argue that Browning abandons “realist time” in favor of a temporality that more closely resembles the future anterior we have been exploring in this book. We are not claiming that such a temporality is a taxonomic feature of the verse-novel—and, as we saw in Chapters Seven and Eight, it often is not—but we wish to illustrate that there was a formal alternative in the period, however strange such a temporal structure may appear to us following the hegemonic success of the novel and our tendency to adopt the novel’s form of temporality in understanding our own lives. We explore these issues in Ring and the Book by examining Browning’s approach to questions of truth (especially representation) and questions of virtue (especially virtuous acts).
Cellular proliferation biases clonal lineage tracing and trajectory inference
Authors: Bonham-Carter Becca , Schiebinger Geoffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Lineage tracing and trajectory inference from single-cell RNA-sequencing data hold tremendous potential for uncovering the genetic programs driving development and disease. Single cell datasets are thought to provide an unbiased view on the diverse cellular architecture of tissues. Sampling bias, however, can skew single cell datasets away from the cellular composition they are meant to represent.

Results
We demonstrate a novel form of sampling bias, caused by a statistical phenomenon related to repeated sampling from a growing, heterogeneous population. Relative growth rates of cells influence the probability that they will be sampled in clones observed across multiple time points. We support our probabilistic derivations with a simulation study and an analysis of a real time-course of T-cell development. We find that this bias can impact fate probability predictions, and we explore how to develop trajectory inference methods which are robust to this bias.

Availability and implementation
Source code for the simulated datasets and to create the figures in this manuscript is freely available in python at https://github.com/rbonhamcarter/simulate-clones. A python implementation of the extension of the LineageOT method is freely available at https://github.com/rbonhamcarter/LineageOT/tree/multi-time-clones.
Brain and grammar: revealing electrophysiological basic structures with competing statistical models
Authors: Cometa Andrea , Battaglini Chiara , Artoni Fiorenzo , Greco Matteo , Frank Robert , Repetto Claudia , Bottoni Franco , Cappa Stefano F , Micera Silvestro , Ricciardi Emiliano , Moro Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Acoustic, lexical, and syntactic information are simultaneously processed in the brain requiring complex strategies to distinguish their electrophysiological activity. Capitalizing on previous works that factor out acoustic information, we could concentrate on the lexical and syntactic contribution to language processing by testing competing statistical models. We exploited electroencephalographic recordings and compared different surprisal models selectively involving lexical information, part of speech, or syntactic structures in various combinations. Electroencephalographic responses were recorded in 32 participants during listening to affirmative active declarative sentences. We compared the activation corresponding to basic syntactic structures, such as noun phrases vs. verb phrases. Lexical and syntactic processing activates different frequency bands, partially different time windows, and different networks. Moreover, surprisal models based on part of speech inventory only do not explain well the electrophysiological data, while those including syntactic information do. By disentangling acoustic, lexical, and syntactic information, we demonstrated differential brain sensitivity to syntactic information. These results confirm and extend previous measures obtained with intracranial recordings, supporting our hypothesis that syntactic structures are crucial in neural language processing. This study provides a detailed understanding of how the brain processes syntactic information, highlighting the importance of syntactic surprisal in shaping neural responses during language comprehension.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine when Co-administered with Adjuvanted Seasonal Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial
Authors: Clark Rebecca , Davies Sam , Labrador Jorge , Loubet Paul , Natalini Martínez Silvina , Moríñigo Helena Moza , Nicolas Jean-François , Vera Mercè Pérez , Rämet Mika , Rebollo-Rodrigo Maria Henar , Sanz-Muñoz Iván , Dezutter Nancy , Germain Sophie , David Marie-Pierre , Jayadev Amulya , Amare Hailemariam Hiwot , Kotb Shady , Meyer Nadia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
We evaluated co-administration of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-aQIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in ≥65-year-olds.

Methods
This phase 3, open-label trial randomized ≥65-year-olds to receive FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA concomitantly (Co-Ad) or sequentially, 1 month apart (Control). Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration in terms of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for each FLU-aQIV strain and RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers, 1 month post-vaccination. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed.

Results
Overall, 1045 participants were vaccinated (Co-Ad: 523; Control: 522). Non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration was demonstrated in terms of HI titers for the A/Victoria(H1N1), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata influenza strains and RSV-A neutralization titers (upper limits [ULs] of 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for adjusted geometric mean titer [GMT] ratios [Control/Co-Ad] ≤1.50) but not for A/Darwin(H3N2) HI titers (95% CI UL = 1.53). The immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) was further assessed post-hoc using a microneutralization assay; the post-vaccination adjusted GMT ratio (Control/Co-Ad) was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06–1.42, ie, UL ≤1.50), suggesting an adequate immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) following co-administration. RSV-B neutralization titers were comparable between groups (95% CI UL for adjusted GMT ratio ≤1.50). Solicited adverse events were mostly mild or moderate and transient; unsolicited and serious adverse event rates were balanced between groups.

Conclusions
Adjuvanted FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA had acceptable reactogenicity/safety profiles when co-administered in ≥65-year-olds, without clinically relevant interference with the immune responses to either vaccine.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05568797
Differences in Cumulative Long-Term Care Costs by Dental Visit Pattern Among Japanese Older Adults: The JAGES Cohort Study
Authors: Kiuchi Sakura , Takeuchi Kenji , Saito Masashige , Kusama Taro , Nakazawa Noriko , Fujita Kinya , Kondo Katsunori , Aida Jun , Osaka Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Long-term care (LTC) costs create burdens on aging societies. Maintaining oral health through dental visits may result in shorter LTC periods, thereby decreasing LTC costs; however, this remains unverified. We examined whether dental visits in the past 6 months were associated with cumulative LTC insurance (LTCI) costs.

Methods
This cohort study of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study targeted independent adults aged≥65 years in 2010 over an 8-year follow-up. We used data from a self-reported questionnaire and LTCI records from the municipalities. The outcome was cumulative LTCI costs, and exposure was dental visits within 6 months for prevention, treatment, and prevention or treatment. A 2-part model was used to estimate the differences in the predicted cumulative LTCI costs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each dental visit.

Results
The mean age of the 8 429 participants was 73.7 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.0), and 46.1% were men. During the follow-up period, 17.6% started using LTCI services. The mean cumulative LTCI cost was USD 4 877.0 (SD = 19 082.1). The predicted cumulative LTCI costs were lower among those had dental visits than among those who did not. The differences in predicted cumulative LTCI cost were −USD 1 089.9 (95% CI = −1 888.5 to −291.2) for dental preventive visits, −USD 806.7 (95% CI = −1 647.4 to 34.0) for treatment visits, and −USD 980.6 (95% CI = −1 835.7 to −125.5) for preventive or treatment visits.

Conclusions
Dental visits, particularly preventive visits, were associated with lower cumulative LTCI costs. Maintaining oral health through dental visits may effectively reduce LTCI costs.
Thermal comfort inside a gable-roofed metallic shed in a higher educational institution: a case study and detailed analysis
Authors: Jaffar Abubakkar Abdul , Pandiaraj Selvakumar , Govindasamy Kumaresan , Sharma Kamal , Muthusamy Suresh , Siddiqui Mohammad Irfanul Haque , Cuce Erdem , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Central workshop is an integral part of any higher education institution, and it will be generally operated in a gable-roofed metallic shed. The users of the building are affected physiologically and psychologically due to the thermal discomfort conditions caused by improper ventilation. It is necessary to study the cause for discomfort and propose cost and effective methods to mitigate the problem. In this work, the thermal comfort inside a gable-roofed workshop was analyzed, and it was found that the discomfort was predominant from 2 PM to 5 PM. It was predicted that the conduction heat transfer could be reduced upto 55% with the help of passive cooling technique carried out using aluminium bubble wrap. During the life cycle cost study, the aluminium bubble wrap technique was found to be more economical over high-volume low-speed fan. The computer simulation aided in the prediction of overall heat transfer coefficient and conduction heat transfer through wall. The results from numerical study deviated by less than 0.1% when compared with that from the theoretical model.
Scaling Limit of Multi-Type Invariant Measures via the Directed Landscape
Authors: Busani Ofer , Seppäläinen Timo , Sorensen Evan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the large scale limits of multi-type invariant distributions and Busemann functions of planar stochastic growth models in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) class. We identify a set of sufficient hypotheses for convergence of multi-type invariant measures of last-passage percolation (LPP) models to the stationary horizon (SH), which is the unique multi-type stationary measure of the KPZ fixed point. Our limit theorem utilizes conditions that are expected to hold broadly in the KPZ class, including convergence of the scaled last-passage process to the directed landscape. We verify these conditions for the six exactly solvable models whose scaled bulk versions converge to the directed landscape, as shown by Dauvergne and Virág. We also present a second, more general, convergence theorem with future applications to polymer models and particle systems. Our paper is the first to show convergence to the SH without relying on information about the structure of the multi-type invariant measures of the prelimit models. These results are consistent with the conjecture that the SH is the universal scaling limit of multi-type invariant measures in the KPZ class.
Deep learning assisted quantitative analysis of Aβ and microglia in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in relation to cognitive outcome
Authors: Luikku Antti J , Nerg Ossi , Koivisto Anne M , Hänninen Tuomo , Junkkari Antti , Kemppainen Susanna , Juopperi Sini-Pauliina , Sinisalo Rosa , Pesola Alli , Soininen Hilkka , Hiltunen Mikko , Leinonen Ville , Rauramaa Tuomas , Martiskainen Henna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease (AD) including Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation are frequently observed in the cerebral cortex of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We created an automated analysis platform to quantify Aβ load and reactive microglia in the vicinity of Aβ plaques and to evaluate their association with cognitive outcome in cortical biopsies of patients with iNPH obtained at the time of shunting. Aiforia Create deep learning software was used on whole slide images of Iba1/4G8 double immunostained frontal cortical biopsies of 120 shunted iNPH patients to identify Iba1-positive microglia somas and Aβ areas, respectively. Dementia, AD clinical syndrome (ACS), and Clinical Dementia Rating Global score (CDR-GS) were evaluated retrospectively after a median follow-up of 4.4 years. Deep learning artificial intelligence yielded excellent (&gt;95%) precision for tissue, Aβ, and microglia somas. Using an age-adjusted model, higher Aβ coverage predicted the development of dementia, the diagnosis of ACS, and more severe memory impairment by CDR-GS whereas measured microglial densities and Aβ-related microglia did not correlate with cognitive outcome in these patients. Therefore, cognitive outcome seems to be hampered by higher Aβ coverage in cortical biopsies in shunted iNPH patients but is not correlated with densities of surrounding microglia.
False lumen embolization and false lumen stent-graft techniques for ruptured post-dissection thoracoabdominal aneurysm
Authors: Umibe Takumi , Nishiori Hironobu , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Koizumi Shintaroh , Ueda Hideki , Matsumiya Goro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This report details the successful endovascular repair of a ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with chronic type B aortic dissection. The procedure consisted of thoracic endovascular aortic repair, abdominal endovascular aortic repair, false lumen (FL) embolization with Candy-Plug, and FL stent-graft technique. The approach effectively regulated FL inflow, achieving complete FL closure. The patient was discharged without major complications including spinal cord ischemia or renal failure, and the long-term outcome is also favorable with reduction of the aneurysm size. The follow-up results have shown a reduction in the aneurysm size. This less invasive method could be an option of treatments for post-dissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, especially in ruptured cases.
Complex Genomes of Early Nucleocytoviruses Revealed by Ancient Origins of Viral Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
Authors: Kijima Soichiro , Hikida Hiroyuki , Delmont Tom O , Gaïa Morgan , Ogata Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), also known as tRNA ligases, are essential enzymes in translation. Owing to their functional essentiality, these enzymes are conserved in all domains of life and used as informative markers to trace the evolutionary history of cellular organisms. Unlike cellular organisms, viruses generally lack aaRSs because of their obligate parasitic nature, but several large and giant DNA viruses in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota encode aaRSs in their genomes. The discovery of viral aaRSs led to the idea that the phylogenetic analysis of aaRSs can shed light on ancient viral evolution. However, conflicting results have been reported from previous phylogenetic studies: one posited that nucleocytoviruses recently acquired their aaRSs from their host eukaryotes, while another hypothesized that the viral aaRSs have ancient origins. Here, we investigated 4,168 nucleocytovirus genomes, including metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from large-scale metagenomic studies. In total, we identified 780 viral aaRS sequences in 273 viral genomes. We generated and examined phylogenetic trees of these aaRSs with a large set of cellular sequences to trace evolutionary relationships between viral and cellular aaRSs. The analyses suggest that the origins of some viral aaRSs predate the last common eukaryotic ancestor. Inside viral aaRS clades, we identify intricate evolutionary trajectories of viral aaRSs with horizontal transfers, losses, and displacements. Overall, these results suggest that ancestral nucleocytoviruses already developed complex genomes with an expanded set of aaRSs in the proto-eukaryotic era.