bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval Dynamics and Retention in Cross‐Situational Statistical Word Learning
Authors: Vlach Haley A. , Sandhofer Catherine M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrevious research on cross‐situational word learning has demonstrated that learners are able to reduce ambiguity in mapping words to referents by tracking co‐occurrence probabilities across learning events. In the current experiments, we examined whether learners are able to retain mappings over time. The results revealed that learners are able to retain mappings for up to 1 week later. However, there were interactions between the amount of retention and the different learning conditions. Interestingly, the strongest retention was associated with a learning condition that engendered retrieval dynamics that initially challenged the learner but eventually led to more successful retrieval toward the end of learning. The ease/difficulty of retrieval is a critical process underlying cross‐situational word learning and is a powerful example of how learning dynamics affect long‐term learning outcomes.
Not by Labor Alone: Considerations for Value Influence Use of the Labor Rule in Ownership Transfers
Authors: Kanngiesser Patricia , Hood Bruce 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPeople often assign ownership to the person who has invested labor into making an object (labor rule). However, labor usually improves objects and increases their value, and it has not been investigated whether these considerations underlie people's use of the labor rule. We presented participants with third‐party ownership conflicts between an owner of materials and an artist who used the materials for some artwork. Experiment 1 revealed that participants were more likely to transfer ownership to the artist for low‐value materials than for high‐value materials, and Experiment 2 showed that this effect was further moderated by the amount of effort the artist had invested. A third experiment confirmed that participants transferred ownership more often if the artist's labor had increased the value of the materials than when it had added no value. These findings suggest that considerations for value underlie ownership transfers following the investment of labor.
Climate‐Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture
Authors: Harvey Celia A. , Chacón Mario , Donatti Camila I. , Garen Eva , Hannah Lee , Andrade Angela , Bede Lucio , Brown Douglas , Calle Alicia , Chará Julian , Clement Christopher , Gray Elizabeth , Hoang Minh Ha , Minang Peter , Rodríguez Ana María , Seeberg‐Elverfeldt Christina , Semroc Bambi , Shames Seth , Smukler Sean , Somarriba Eduardo , Torquebiau Emmanuel , van Etten Jacob , Wollenberg Eva 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAddressing the global challenges of climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation requires enhancing the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agricultural landscapes across the tropics. However, adaptation and mitigation activities tend to be approached separately due to a variety of technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. Here, we demonstrate that many tropical agricultural systems can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits if they are designed and managed appropriately and if the larger landscape context is considered. Many of the activities needed for adaptation and mitigation in tropical agricultural landscapes are the same needed for sustainable agriculture more generally, but thinking at the landscape scale opens a new dimension for achieving synergies. Intentional integration of adaptation and mitigation activities in agricultural landscapes offers significant benefits that go beyond the scope of climate change to food security, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation. However, achieving these objectives will require transformative changes in current policies, institutional arrangements, and funding mechanisms to foster broad‐scale adoption of climate‐smart approaches in agricultural landscapes.
Closing the Screen Door to New Invasions
Authors: Keller Reuben P. , Springborn Michael R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInternational trade in nonnative species generates economic benefits but also introduces many harmful invasive species. Recent advances in nonnative species screening tools enable useful predictions of invasiveness which can be combined with estimates of impacts to effectively manage the trade‐off between the benefits and costs of this trade. Despite this, most countries maintain an essentially “open door” policy where almost all nonnative species are allowed for introduction until they prove problematic. This approach implicitly favors minimizing one particular type of assessment error—mistakenly excluding safe species, or “false positives.” However, a comprehensive approach to management of species trade should involve balancing the trade‐off between false positives and “false negatives” (mistakenly accepting invasive species). Barriers to implementing risk assessment tools include the perception that because assessment tools are imperfect they are not suitable for decision‐making. However, recent economic research shows that, relative to an open door approach, “shutting the screen door” with imperfect but informative screening tools, to allow flow of only those species of acceptable invasion risk, increases the net benefits of trade. Given that these tools are relatively straightforward to apply, we argue that policy‐makers should no longer allow the perfect to be the enemy of the good.
Determining Where the Wild Things will be: Using Psychological Theory to Find Tolerance for Large Carnivores
Authors: Bruskotter Jeremy T. , Wilson Robyn S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe review recent empirical efforts to understand human tolerance for large, terrestrial carnivores, and highlight how psychological theory on hazard acceptance can help conservation scientists explain, and ultimately increase, human tolerance for these species. For hazards in general, and for carnivores in particular, the majority of variation in acceptability judgments can be explained by the perceptions of risks and benefits associated with the hazard. Factors such as affective (emotional) reaction to a species, personal control over the risks, and trust in managing agencies are important, but secondary factors. Experimental research highlights the importance of communicating the benefits of a species to increase tolerance. In combination, these findings point to a need to rethink communications about carnivores that focus solely on lowering perceived risk by increasing individual control over the hazard. Such efforts may inadvertently decrease tolerance by overlooking the distinct and important role that the positive outcomes (i.e., benefits) associated with carnivores can play when evaluating the acceptability of a particular population or management action.
Preserved flow‐mediated dilation but delayed time‐to‐peak diameter in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Fernandes Igor A. , Sales Allan R. K. , Rocha Natália G. , Silva Bruno M. , Vianna Lauro C. , da Nóbrega Antonio C. L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIntroductionInconsistent evidences of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) impact on vascular reactivity raise questions on flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) discriminatory power for disturbances induced by this clustering of risk factors. Previous reports, however, suggest that covariates such as the follow‐up of the artery diameter changes, the arterial size and shear stress affect FMD responses and consequently its discriminatory power for distinctive clinical profiles.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of MetS on traditional, arterial size‐ and shear‐rate‐adjusted FMD, the follow‐up‐derived time‐to‐peak diameter (TP), as well as their power for discriminating subjects with this clustering of risk factors from a sample of healthy individuals.MethodsTwenty‐one MetS and ten healthy subjects underwent an assessment of endothelial function via FMD.ResultsTraditional and allometrically scaled FMD did not differ between groups (P>0·05) as well as the approach in which the covariate was the peak diameter shear rate. In the existence of MetS, TP was longer (67·7 ± 16·4 s versus healthy 42·1 ± 16·3 s, P = 0·001). ROC curve analysis indicated that TP (AUC = 0·871 [95% CI, 0·718–1·000]) had greater power of discrimination for MetS than FMD approaches. In addition, TP presented a moderate and significant association with sE‐selectin (r = 0·458, P = 0·048).ConclusionTime‐to‐peak diameter (TP) rather than FMD distinguished MetS from a healthy profile. Therefore, at least in subjects with MetS, TP may provide insights into the impact of this clustering of risk factors on the vascular phenotype.
Serum‐free media for the production of human mesenchymal stromal cells: a review
Authors: Gottipamula S. , Muttigi M. S. , Kolkundkar U. , Seetharam R. N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) holds great promise in using them for treatment of a wide range of debilitating diseases. Several types of culture media and systems have been used for large‐scale expansion of MSCs in vitro; however, the majority of them rely heavily on using foetal bovine serum (FBS)‐supplement for optimal cell proliferation. FBS‐based cultures pose the potential threat of spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and bovine spongiform encephalopathy to MSCs and then to their recipients. A recent trend in cell culture is to change from serum‐use to serum‐free media (SFM). In this context, the current review focuses specifically on employment of various SFM for MSCs and discusses existences of various options with which to substitute FBS. In addition, we analyse MSC population growth kinetic patterns using various SFM for large‐scale production of MSCs.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after pancreas transplantation: a United Network for Organ Sharing database analysis
Authors: Jackson K. , Ruppert K. , Shapiro R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThere are not a great deal of data on post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following pancreas transplantation. We analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing national database of pancreas transplants to identify predictors of PTLD development. A univariate Cox model was generated for each potential predictor, and those at least marginally associated (p < 0.15) with PTLD were entered into a multivariable Cox model. PTLD developed in 43 patients (1.0%) of 4205 pancreas transplants. Mean follow‐up time was 4.9 ± 2.2 yr. In the multivariable Cox model, recipient EBV seronegativity (HR 5.52, 95% CI: 2.99–10.19, p < 0.001), not having tacrolimus in the immunosuppressive regimen (HR 6.02, 95% CI: 2.74–13.19, p < 0.001), recipient age (HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, p = 0.02), non‐white ethnicity (HR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.84, p = 0.03), and HLA mismatching (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.97, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the development of PTLD. Patient survival was significantly decreased in patients with PTLD, with a one‐, three‐, and five‐yr survival of 91%, 76%, and 70%, compared with 97%, 93%, and 88% in patients without PTLD (p < 0.001). PTLD is an uncommon but potentially lethal complication following pancreas transplantation. Patients with the risk factors identified should be monitored closely for the development of PTLD.
The specificity of acute and chronic microvascular alterations in renal allografts
Authors: Filippone Edward J. , Farber John L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe diagnosis of an antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is made when there is evident histologic injury in the presence of detectable donor‐specific alloantibodies (DSA) and diffuse peritubular capillary C4d staining (C4d‐pos). In the presence of only detectable DSA or C4d‐pos, the tissue injury is currently considered “presumptive” for antibody causation. In acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AAMR), diagnostic morphologic features include microvascular inflammation (MVI), specifically glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis. In the case of chronic active AMR (CAAMR), these inflammatory lesions have progressed to chronic microvascular injury, transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering (PTCBMML). Either TG or PTCBMML is sufficient morphological evidence for a diagnosis of CAAMR. Unfortunately, these lesions are not specific. MVI, TG, and PTCBMML are found in the setting of cell‐mediated immunity, as well as in association with non‐alloimmune mechanisms. The available treatments for AMR and CMR are different, and it is important to ascertain the dominant mechanism when approaching an individual patient. At present, no gold standard exists to establish the specific pathogenesis in the more ambiguous cases. We detail here the differential diagnosis of MVI, TG, and PTCBMML.
Outcome and development of symptoms after orthotopic liver transplantation for Wilson disease
Authors: Weiss Karl Heinz , Schäfer Mark , Gotthardt Daniel Nils , Angerer Alexandra , Mogler Carolin , Schirmacher Peter , Schemmer Peter , Stremmel Wolfgang , Sauer Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundWilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive copper storage disease resulting in hepatic and neurologic dysfunction. Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for fulminant cases for patients with chronic liver disease. Reports on the outcome of neuropsychiatric symptoms after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are limited.AimTo assess the course of neuropsychiatric and hepatic symptoms after liver transplantation for Wilson diseaseMethodsNineteen patients with Wilson disease received liver transplantation and were followed prospectively from 2005 to 2010 for the development of hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms.ResultsEight patients (all female) were transplanted for acute liver failure and eleven patients for chronic liver failure. Patient survival rates one and five yr after transplantation were 78% and 65%, respectively. Of the surviving patients, hepatic symptom scores improved in all patients and neurological symptom scores improved in all but one patient after OLT compared to the time of initial diagnosis and compared to pre‐OLT status. Psychiatric symptoms showed moderate improvements.ConclusionSurvival after OLT for Wilson disease with end‐stage liver disease is excellent. Overall, neuropsychiatric symptoms improved after transplantation, substantiating arguments for widening of the indication for liver transplantation in symptomatic neurologic Wilson disease patients with stable liver function.
Salivary Epithelial Cells as Model to Study Immune Response Against Cutaneous Pathogens
Authors: Negrini Thais C. , Arthur Rodrigo A. , Waeiss Robert A. , Carlosa Iracilda Z. , Srinivasan Mythily 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe human skin not only provides passive protection as a physical barrier against external injury, but also mediates active surveillance via epidermal cell surface receptors that recognize and respond to potential invaders. Primary keratinocytes and immortalized cell lines, the commonly used sources to investigate immune responses of cutaneous epithelium are often difficult to obtain and/or potentially exhibit changes in cellular genetic make‐up. Here we investigated the possibility of using salivary epithelial cells (SEC) to evaluate the host response to cutaneous microbes. Elevated secretion of IFN‐γ and IL‐12 was observed in the SEC stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus, a transient pathogen of the skin, as mono species biofilm as compared to SEC stimulated with a commensal microbe, the Staphylococcus epidermidis. Co‐culture of the SEC with both microbes as dual species biofilm elicited maximum cytokine response. Stimulation with S. aureus alone but not with S. epidermidis alone induced maximum toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) expression in the SEC. Exposure to dual species biofilm induced a sustained upregulation of TLR‐2 in the SEC for up to an hour. The data support novel application of the SEC as efficient biospecimen that may be used to investigate personalized response to cutaneous microflora.
Poor Prognosis of Rare Sarcomeric Gene Variants in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Carniel Elisa , Slavov Dobromir , Zhu Xiao , Barbati Giulia , Spezzacatene Anita , Ramani Federica , Salcedo Ernesto , Di Lenarda Andrea , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew R. G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the clinical and prognostic implications of rare variants in sarcomeric genes remain poorly understood. To address this question, we analyzed the outcome of rare sarcomeric gene variants in patients enrolled in our Familial Cardiomyopathy Registry.MethodsDCM families harboring rare sarcomeric variants in MYH6, MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TTN were identified. Genotype–phenotype association analysis was performed, and long‐term survival‐free from death or heart transplant was compared between carriers and noncarriers.ResultsWe found 24 rare variants (3 in MYH6, 3 in MYH7, 3 in MYBPC3, 2 in TNNT2, and 13 in TTN) affecting 52 subjects in 25 families. The phenotypes of variant carriers were severe (3 sudden deaths, 6 heart failure deaths, 8 heart transplants, 2 ventricular fibrillations). There was no difference in the overall long‐term survival between carriers and the 33 noncarriers (p = 0.322). However after 50 years of age, the combined endpoint of death or transplant was decreased in carriers as compared to noncarriers (p = 0.026).ConclusionsPatients with DCM carrying rare variants in sarcomeric genes manifest a poorer prognosis as compared to noncarriers after the age of 50 years. These data further support the role of genetic testing in DCM for risk stratification.
Political Economies of Extractive Industry: From Documenting Complexity to Informing Current Debates
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Bornschlegl Teresa , Johnson Adrienne 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe literature on extractive industries has grown rapidly in recent years both because the empirical significance of resource extraction has increased and because resource extraction necessarily invokes other questions of wider purchase in development studies. This virtual issue brings together articles published in Development and Change on mining, oil and gas extraction since the early 1980s that explore these inter‐connections. They focus on certain interfaces: extraction and rural political economy; extraction and policies of economic adjustment; and extraction and development politics. The articles often document the complexity and contextual specificity of these interconnections, but we draw particular attention here to the insights they offer on broader issues such as the relationship between resource extraction, adjustment and neoliberalization.
Domain‐specific development of face memory but not face perception
Authors: Weigelt Sarah , Koldewyn Kami , Dilks Daniel D. , Balas Benjamin , McKone Elinor , Kanwisher Nancy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHow does the remarkable human ability for face recognition arise over development? Competing theories have proposed either late maturity (beyond 10 years) or early maturity (before 5 years), but have not distinguished between perceptual and memory aspects of face recognition. Here, we demonstrate a perception–memory dissociation. We compare rate of development for (adult, human) faces versus other social stimuli (bodies), other discrete objects (cars), and other categories processed in discrete brain regions (scenes, bodies), from 5 years to adulthood. For perceptual discrimination, performance improved with age at the same rate for faces and all other categories, indicating no domain‐specific development. In contrast, face memory increased more strongly than non‐face memory, indicating domain‐specific development. The results imply that each theory is partly true: the late maturity theory holds for face memory, and the early maturity theory for face perception.
Antagonistic and synergistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 and all‐trans retinoic acid on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Bi Wenjuan , Gu Zhiyuan , Zheng Yuanna , Wang Limin , Guo Jing , Wu Gang 
Published: October 2013

The osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is of paramount importance for the repair of large‐size bone defects, which may be compromised by the dietary‐accumulated all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We have shown that heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP2/7) could induce bone regeneration in a significantly higher dose‐efficiency in comparison with homodimeric BMPs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ATRA and BMP2/7 on the proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and osteogenic genes. ATRA and BMP2/7 exhibited both antagonistic and synergistic effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs. ATRA significantly inhibited proliferation and expression of osteocalcin but enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase of BMSCs. On day 21, 50 ng/mL BMP2/7 could antagonize the inhibitive effects of ATRA and significantly enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs. These findings suggested a promising application potential of heterodimeric BMP2/7 in clinic to promote bone regeneration for the cases with dietary accumulated ATRA.
Prospective study of activities of daily living outcomes in children with cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Al‐Maawali Almundher , Blaser Susan , Zhao Xiu Y , Yoon Grace 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to identify clinical and radiological predictors of activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes in children with cerebellar atrophy.MethodOver a period of 5 years, we evaluated 44 participants (25 males, 19 females) children with confirmed cerebellar atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The median age at the time of assessment 9 years; range 16mo–18y. Participants were grouped according to whether the cerebellar atrophy was isolated or associated with other radiological abnormalities. Severity of cerebellar atrophy was graded using qualitative and quantitative scoring systems. A standardized ADL assessment was used to characterize functional outcomes. The characteristics of the participants were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe mean age at symptom onset was 20 months (range birth–10y). The group with isolated cerebellar atrophy had better outcomes than the group with cerebellar atrophy associated with other radiological abnormalities, with a mean total ADL score difference of 8.0 points (95% confidence interval 1.8–14.2 points, p=0.01). Age at onset of cerebellar atrophy before 2 years of age, progression of cerebellar atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, presence of seizures, and decreased size of transverse cerebellar hemisphere diameter were all associated with worse outcomes.InterpretationWe present a prospective study of clinical and radiological predictors of ADL outcome in children with cerebellar atrophy. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and future management of this complex group of disorders.