bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation‐based training in advanced airway skills in an otolaryngology residency program
Authors: Amin Milan R. , Friedmann David R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Life‐support training emphasizes the primacy of airway management. Acquiring these skills requires practice and exposure to events. Otolaryngology residents lack standardized training in advanced airway skills. This project aimed to create such a program by using simulation‐based methodology evaluated using specific educationally based tools.Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:The program consisted of lectures and simulation‐based training sessions designed to impart competency in a set of defined airway skills to otolaryngology residents. Only participating residents who completed the course (n = 12) were evaluated both before and after the course for their fund of knowledge through multiple‐choice examinations and for clinical reasoning and technical skills as assessed by a panel of otolaryngologists in simulated difficult airway situations. Self‐assessment tools were also incorporated.Results:The average multiple choice score was 12 of 27 (44%) before the course and 15 of 27 (55%) after the completion of the course (P = .001). Faculty assessment yielded a cumulative score of 80% and 91% pre‐ and postcourse, respectively (P = .002). Although all residents reported prior experience in a critical emergency airway situation, only one reported prior training in advanced airway skills. A significant increase in participants' self‐perceived ability to carry out critical airway‐related skills was observed. All respondents felt the course was effective.Conclusions:Simulation‐based airway training courses can be effectively incorporated into existing educational curricula for otolaryngology residents, and their success can be measured using educationally based tools. With such a course, residents can be expected to demonstrate measurable improvement in clinical knowledge base, technical skills, and self‐perceived ability to handle difficult airway situations. Laryngoscope, 2013
Head drop syndrome secondary to multimodality treatments for head and neck cancer
Authors: Smillie Ian , Ellul David , Townsley Richard , James Allan , Clark Brian , Petty Richard K. H. , Clark Louise 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFive patients under follow‐up for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at Southern General Hospital Glasgow presented with a fixed flexion deformity of the neck. These cases are characterized by the onset of severe weakness and atrophy of the neck extensor muscles and anterior fibrosis forcing the mandible to the chest wall. This causes considerable morbidity with communication, feeding, and appearance. This is a rare complication with no curative treatments that has not been reported previously by a UK center and is likely to become important with the increased use of multimodality treatments for head and neck SCC.
Oxygenated fixation demonstrates novel and improved ultrastructural features of the human endolymphatic sac
Authors: Møller Martin Nue , Caye‐Thomasen Per , Qvortrup Klaus 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of the present study is to describe in detail the ultrastructure of the human endolymphatic sac using a new and improved method of fixation as well as a refined surgical approach in obtaining specimens.Study DesignTransmission electron microscopy of the human endolymphatic sac, employing an oxygenated fixative.MethodsEighteen tissue samples of the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during surgery for vestibular schwannoma using the translabyrinthine approach. The specimens were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in an oxygenated fluorocarbon blood substitute vehicle before preparation by routine methods for transmission electron microscopy. We focused on the epithelial cell layer, subepithelial tissue, intraluminal content, and vascular tissue in both the intra‐ and extraosseous part of the endolymphatic sac.ResultsWe observed well‐defined endolymphatic sac epithelial cell lining in all 18 specimens. In general, we found very well‐preserved specimens with well‐defined intracellular structures. In contrast to the results in former studies, a minimum of fixation artifacts was observed in the present study. Three different cell types were observed in the intraosseous part of the sac: mitochondria‐rich cells, ribosome‐rich cells, and nonclassifiable cells. A fourth cell type was found in the extraosseous part. Novel ultrastructural features of the epithelial lining and the subepithelial layer are described and discussed.ConclusionsThe results in the present study indicate an improvement in obtaining human tissue with optimal fixation for ultrastructural analysis and provide several novel morphologic observations. The potential functions of the endolymphatic sac are discussed with reference to former studies. Laryngoscope, 123:1967–1975, 2013
Potential of fish by‐products as a source of novel marine lipases and their uses in industrial applications
Authors: Kurtovic Ivan , Marshall Susan N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn abundance of fish by‐products worldwide provides a diverse and highly valuable raw material for the extraction of numerous biochemicals, including lipases. Marine lipases are versatile enzymes possessing high activity at relatively low temperatures and unique fatty acid specificity. The challenges associated with marine lipases revolve around their cost of extraction and chemical instability. As these are overcome there is scope for commercial exploitation. The potential applications of marine lipases include flavour development in food products and synthesis of specialty lipids such as omega‐3 concentrates.
Palm oil: Features and applications
Authors: Norhaizan Mohd Esa , Hosseini Soraya , Gangadaran Surendiran , Lee Sin Tien , Kapourchali Fatemeh Ramezani , Moghadasian Mohammed H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPalm fruits are the source of two distinct but related vegetable oils, namely palm oil and palm kernel oil. Palm oil has many food and industrial applications. Ever‐increasing demands for palm oil have substantially impacted its industry, creating some environmental concerns. Both types of oil are high in saturated fatty acids with potential cardiovascular risks. Several attempts have been made to reduce undesirable health and environmental impacts. However, additional research and development activities are needed to meet the concerns of the medical professionals and environmental activists.
Near real‐time adverse drug reaction surveillance within population‐based health networks: methodology considerations for data accrual
Authors: Avery Taliser R. , Kulldorff Martin , Vilk Yury , Li Lingling , Craig Cheetham T. , Dublin Sascha , Davis Robert L. , Liu Liyan , Herrinton Lisa , Brown Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study describes practical considerations for implementation of near real‐time medical product safety surveillance in a distributed health data network.MethodsWe conducted pilot active safety surveillance comparing generic divalproex sodium to historical branded product at four health plans from April to October 2009. Outcomes reported are all‐cause emergency room visits and fractures. One retrospective data extract was completed (January 2002–June 2008), followed by seven prospective monthly extracts (January 2008–November 2009). To evaluate delays in claims processing, we used three analytic approaches: near real‐time sequential analysis, sequential analysis with 1.5 month delay, and nonsequential (using final retrospective data). Sequential analyses used the maximized sequential probability ratio test. Procedural and logistical barriers to active surveillance were documented.ResultsWe identified 6586 new users of generic divalproex sodium and 43 960 new users of the branded product. Quality control methods identified 16 extract errors, which were corrected. Near real‐time extracts captured 87.5% of emergency room visits and 50.0% of fractures, which improved to 98.3% and 68.7% respectively with 1.5 month delay. We did not identify signals for either outcome regardless of extract timeframe, and slight differences in the test statistic and relative risk estimates were found.ConclusionsNear real‐time sequential safety surveillance is feasible, but several barriers warrant attention. Data quality review of each data extract was necessary. Although signal detection was not affected by delay in analysis, when using a historical control group differential accrual between exposure and outcomes may theoretically bias near real‐time risk estimates towards the null, causing failure to detect a signal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercomparison campaign of spectroradiometers for a correct estimation of solar spectral irradiance: results and potential impact on photovoltaic devices calibration
Authors: Galleano Roberto , Zaaiman Willem , Virtuani Alessandro , Pavanello Diego , Morabito Paolo , Minuto Alessandro , Spena Angelo , Bartocci Simona , Fucci Raffaele , Leanza Gianni , Fasanaro Daniela , Catena Mario 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the results of an intercomparison of spectroradiometers for global and direct normal incidence irradiance in the visible and near‐infrared spectral regions together with an assessment of the impact these results may have on the estimation of the short‐circuit current (ISC) calibration of photovoltaic devices and on the spectral mismatch calculation. The intercomparison was conducted in the framework of the European project Apollon with the additional participation of external partners from the Italian project for the long‐term monitoring of solar radiation for photovoltaics. Six institutions and six spectroradiometer systems, representing different technologies and manufacturers, were involved. Prior to the intercomparison, all participating partners calibrated their own instrument(s) according to their usual procedures in order to verify the entire measuring and traceability chain. The difference in measured spectra shape and amplitude showed to have an impact on ISC calculation of less than 3% and less than 6% for single‐junction and multi‐junction devices, respectively. When only the shape of the spectra is considered, the spectral mismatch ranges from 1.7% to 4.7% depending on the spectral response of the device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combinatorial properties study of thin film Al Fe alloys
Authors: Mardare Andrei I. , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe microstructure of an AlFe combinatorial thin film library with a compositional spread ranging from 5 to 23 at.% Fe was analysed. The local crystallographic properties were correlated to the film microstructure dynamic changes. The presence of a transitional region between two metastable phases in the AlFe alloys was identified and related to a percolation threshold near Al‐12 at.% Fe. Anodic oxidation of the parent metals produced a mixed oxide on the surface of the AlFe library. XPS investigation of the mixed oxides suggested an intimate mixing of Al2O3 and Fe2O3.
Cr incorporation in CuGaS2 chalcopyrite: A new intermediate‐band photovoltaic material with wide‐spectrum solar absorption
Authors: Chen Ping , Qin Mingsheng , Chen Haijie , Yang Chongying , Wang Yaoming , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn intermediate‐band (IB) semiconductor CuGa1−xCrxS2 was investigated by the self‐consistent many‐body GW approach (scGW) and further confirmed by the experimental results. The Cr dopant introduced a partially occupied IB, and the density‐of‐states analysis indicates the electron transfer between the impurities and host lattice would suppress the non‐radiative recombination. The CuGa1−xCrxS2 was synthesized by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of Cr3+. Due to the Cr dopant, two additional absorption responses were directly observed in the UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum. The further photocatalytic investigations verified the IB absorptions could produce highly mobile electrons and holes to degrade dyes. This material leads to lower‐energy photon absorption, which could be a promising candidate for the high‐efficiency solar cells.
Advantages of blue InGaN light‐emitting diodes with composition‐graded barriers and electron‐blocking layer
Authors: Chang Jih‐Yuan , Kuo Yen‐Kuang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBlue InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with composition‐graded barriers and composition‐garded electron‐blocking layer (EBL) are studied theoretically. Simulation results show that the employment of composition‐graded barriers and compositon‐graded EBL simultaneously can benefit from the enhanced hole‐injection efficiency and more uniform carrier distribution among the quantum wells. Moreover, the optical and electrical properties of the InGaN blue LEDs are markedly promoted. The graded barriers are investigated systematically in an attempt to obtain the optimal situation.
Bismuth‐based candidates for topological insulators: Chemistry beyond Bi2Te3
Authors: Isaeva Anna , Rasche Bertold , Ruck Michael 
Published: February 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe present contribution considers chemical aspects relevant for established and candidate topological insulators (TIs) based on the element bismuth. We provide an overview of selected bismuth‐containing compounds with topological protection, place them among structurally related compounds and, proceeding from the comparison, propose further families and guidelines for the search of new candidate TIs. Owing to the unique electronic properties and structural flexibility, bismuth demonstrates an overwhelming diversity of structural motifs, including low‐dimensional ones. Bismuth acts both as an electron donor and acceptor interacting with other elements, thus initiating a refined interplay of electron delocalization and localization that results in a wide range of properties – from an insulator or a semiconductor to a metal or a semimet al. Due to the bonding abilities of Bi 6p‐orbitals an isolated pure‐bismuth layer is bound to be corrugated. Yet compounds exist with planar decorated honeycomb nets of bismuth and transition‐metal atoms that allow for testing theoretical predictions that nets with such geometry could support a TI phase. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct analysis of samples under ambient condition by high‐voltage‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion mode
Authors: Ren Xinxin , Liu Jia , Zhang Chengsen , Luo Hai 
Published: February 2013

RATIONALEWith the rapid development of ambient mass spectrometry, the hybrid laser‐based ambient ionization methods which can generate multiply charged ions of large biomolecules and also characterize small molecules with good signal‐to‐noise in both positive and negative ion modes are of particular interest.METHODSAn ambient ionization method termed high‐voltage‐assisted laser desorption ionization (HALDI) is developed, in which a 1064 nm laser is used to desorb various liquid samples from the sample target biased at a high potential without the need for an organic matrix. The pre‐charged liquid samples are desorbed by the laser to form small charged droplets which may undergo an electrospray‐like ionization process to produce multiply charged ions of large biomolecules.RESULTSVarious samples including proteins, oligonucleotides (ODNs), drugs, whole milk and chicken eggs have been analyzed by HALDI‐MS in both positive and negative ion mode with little or no sample preparation. In addition, HALDI can generate intense signals with better signal‐to‐noise in negative ion mode than laser desorption spay post‐ionization (LDSPI) from the same samples, such as ODNs and some carboxylic‐group‐containing small drug molecules.CONCLUSIONSHALDI‐MS can directly analyze a variety of liquid samples including proteins, ODNs, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids in both positive and negative ion mode without the use of an organic matrix. This technique may be further developed into a useful tool for rapid analysis in many different fields such as pharmaceutical, food, and biological sciences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic‐assisted enucleation of a large lower esophageal leiomyoma and review of literature
Authors: Khalaileh Abed , Savetsky Ira , Adileh Mohamed , Elazary Ram , Abu‐Gazala Mahmoud , Abu Gazala Samir , Schlager Avi , Rivkind Avraham , Mintz Yoav 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLeiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal neoplasm. Different invasive surgical approaches have been described for management of such lesions.The literature is reviewed and a robotic assisted left thoracoscopic enucleation with the patient in the right side position is described.A 40‐year‐old male patient, otherwise healthy, found to have a lower midiastinal mass on screening X‐ray, is described. Physical examination and blood tests were within normal limits.Diagnostic work‐up included: computerized tomography (CT) scanning of the chest and midiastinum that revealed a 40 × 30 mm mass of the distal esophagus, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a lower protruding esophageal submucosal mass with intact mucosa, a filling defect was apparent on esophagography. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed the same findings, biopsies were taken and leimyoma was diagnosed.Under general anesthesia with a double‐lumen endotracheal tube, the patient was positioned on his right side. A 30 robotic scope was introduced in the left 7th intercostal space on the posterior axillary line. Two 8‐mm robotic trocars were inserted in the left 5th and 9th intercostals spaces on the same line. Operative field was clearly exposed and an additional 5‐mm ethicon trocar was inserted. The inferior pulmonary ligament was released, the parietal pleural space opened, proximal and distal control was achieved using Penrose. The muscular layer of the lower esophagus was opened by coagulation hook, the lesion was enucleated without mucosal penetration. Intraoperative endoscopy permitted localization of the lesion and ensured mucosal integrity. The muscular layer was not closed and the chest drain was left. Total operative time was 200 min and blood loss was less than 20 mL. A Gastrograffin swallow on the first post‐operative day showed good esophageal clearance and absence of leak, the patient was allowed a liquid diet. He was discharged on the third post‐operative day in a good general condition, benign pathology was confirmed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beliefs and Willingness to Act About Global Warming: Where to Focus Science Pedagogy?
Authors: SKAMP KEITH , BOYES EDDIE , STANISSTREET MARTIN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTScience educators have a key role in empowering students to take action to reduce global warming. This involves assisting students to understand its causes as well as taking pedagogical decisions that have optimal probabilities of leading to students being motivated to take actions based on empirically based science beliefs. To this end New South Wales’ (Australia) (n = 500) and English (n = 785) secondary students’ (Grades 7–10) beliefs about the effectiveness of various specific actions in reducing global warming, and their self‐reported willingness to take those actions, were determined and compared, using a specially designed questionnaire. Using novel derived indices, the relationship between beliefs and willingness to act for specific actions was explored. In general, both cohorts were less inclined to act than their beliefs in the effectiveness of the actions might warrant, although the extent of this disparity varied between different actions. However, further analysis identified those actions for which science education may be more effective in encouraging proenvironmental behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:191–217, 2013
Examining Occupational Stress, Sources of Stress and Stress Management Strategies through the Eyes of Management Consultants: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis for Latent Constructs
Authors: von Humboldt Sofia , Leal Isabel , Laneiro Tito , Tavares Patrícia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo date, little research has yet focused in broad assessment for management consultancy professionals. This investigation aims to analyse management consultants' self‐perceptions of occupational stress (SPoOS), sources of stress (SoS) and stress management strategies (SMS) and to find latent constructs that can work as major determinants in consultants' conceptualization of SPoOS, SoS and SMS. Measures were completed, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 39 management consultants, 53.8% male and aged between 23 and 56 years (M = 38.0; SD = 9.2). The data were subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analysed by a multiple correspondence analysis. Results indicated that ‘intellectual disturber’ (31.4%) was the most referred SPoOS, ‘high workload’ (15.1%) was identified as the most prevalent perceived SoS and ‘coaching’ (19.0%) was the most mentioned SMS. No significant differences between the two gender groups were found regarding the three total scores. SPoOS was explained by a two‐factor model: ‘organization‐oriented’ and ‘person‐oriented’. A three‐dimension model formed by ‘job concerns’, ‘organizational constraints’ and ‘career expectations’ was indicated as a best‐fit solution for SoS, and SMS was best explained in a three‐dimension model by ‘group dynamics strategies’, ‘organizational culture strategies’ and ‘individual support strategies’. This research makes a unique contribution for a better understanding of what defines SPoOS, SoS and SMS for management consultants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic liver resection for treating recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kanazawa Akishige , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Shimizu Sadatoshi , Kodai Shintaro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yamazoe Sadaaki , Ohira Go , Nakajima Takayoshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is still unknown whether laparoscopic liver resection is suitable for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after previous curative hepatic resection.MethodThe perioperative outcomes of 40 patients treated with second surgery for recurrent HCC by partial hepatectomy were studied retrospectively. The second surgery was performed under laparotomy in 20 patients (laparotomy group) and under laparoscopy in 20 patients (laparoscopy group).ResultsIntraoperative blood loss (p < 0.0001) and the incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.0004) were lower in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group. The incidence rates of surgical site infection and intractable ascites were significantly higher in the laparotomy group than in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.0202,p = 0.0436, respectively). The proportion of patients classified as Clavien grade IIIa was higher in the laparotomy group than in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.0033). The duration of the postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPostoperative morbidity has been decreased by the introduction of laparoscopic liver resection in patients with recurrent HCC after curative hepatic resection. As a result, the duration of the postoperative stay is shorter.