bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Pes Planus in Adolescents
Authors: Tenenbaum Shay , Hershkovich Oded , Gordon Barak , Bruck Nathan , Thein Ran , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Shamiss Ari , Afek Arnon 
Published: January 2013

Background: Most studies on the prevalence of flexible pes planus (FPP) have been conducted in pediatric populations and older adults. There is limited comparable information on these parameters for the adolescent age group. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of FPP and its association with body mass index (BMI), body height, and gender among healthy and fit adolescents. Methods: The data for this study were derived from a medical database containing records of 17-year-old males and females before their recruitment into mandatory military service. Information on the disability codes associated with FPP according to the Regulations of Medical Fitness Determination was retrieved. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between BMI, body height, and gender to various grades of FPP severity. Results: The study cohort included 825 964 adolescents (467 412 males and 358 552 females). The prevalence was 12.4% for mild FPP and 3.8% for severe FPP among the males and 9.3% and 2.4%, respectively, for the females. An increased BMI was associated with FPP in both males (overweight: odds ratio [OR] 1.385, confidence interval [CI] 1.352-1.419, P < .001; obese: OR 1.765, CI 1.718-1.813, P < .001) and females (overweight: OR 1.408, CI 1.365-1.620, P < .001; obese: OR 1.549, CI 1.481-1.620, P < .001). Body height was associated with a decreased risk of FPP when the highest height quintile was compared with the lowest height quintile in both males (OR 0.782, CI 0.762-0.802, P < .001) and females (OR 0.730, CI 0.707-0.754, P < .001) for all FPP severity grades. Conclusions: There was a greater prevalence of FPP among males compared with females in a general healthy adolescent age group. FPP was associated with increased BMI and shorter body height for all grades of FPP severity. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study.
Prospective Study of the Treatment of Adult Primary Hallux Valgus With Scarf Osteotomy and Soft Tissue Realignment
Authors: Choi Jae Hyuck , Zide Jacob R. , Coleman Scott C. , Brodsky James W. 
Published: January 2013

Background: The scarf osteotomy has been a widely practiced bunion operation, but relatively limited prospective data on its outcomes have been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of treatment of adult primary hallux valgus using the scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal with soft tissue realignment. Methods: Hallux valgus corrections were performed on 51 patients (53 feet), who were followed for at least 1 year with an average follow-up of 24 months. Mean age at the time of surgery was 59 years, and subjects included 3 male and 48 female patients. Prospective clinical data collected included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux-interphalangeal scale score, the SF-36 scores, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Prospective radiologic data were also collected including hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and medial sesamoid position (MSP). Clinical data were collected on complications and reoperations. Results: Mean AOFAS hallux-interphalangeal score increased from 52 preoperatively to 88 postoperatively. Mean preoperative and last follow-up SF-36 physical component summary increased from 46 preoperatively to 52 postoperatively, whereas mean VAS pain scores decreased from 5.8 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively. All the changes in clinical outcomes were statistically significant, except the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36. Mean preoperative HVA decreased from 29 degrees preoperatively to 10.7 degrees in the initial postoperative period and was maintained at last follow-up at 10.6 degrees. The mean preoperative IMA decreased from 13.6 degrees preoperatively to 5.6 degrees in the initial postoperative period and regressed mildly at last follow-up to 7.8 degrees. The mean preoperative MSP grade of 2.3 decreased to 0.5 in the initial postoperative period and regressed mildly to 0.9 at last follow-up. All radiographic changes were statistically significant. The overall complication rate was 15% (8/53), attributable to 4 feet with symptomatic hardware, 2 feet with hallux varus, and 2 feet with progression of first MTP arthritis. Reoperations were performed in 4 feet (8%) for removal of symptomatic hardware. Conclusion: Scarf osteotomy was a reliable technique for correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus and had low rates of complication or recurrence. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Nonconvulsive Status With Metronidazole
Authors: Cantador A. A. , Meschia J. F. , Freeman W. D. , Tatum W. O. 
Published: January 2013

Objective: To expand the adverse events associated with metronidazole to include nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Design: Observational single case report of a rare association. Setting: Hospitalized lung transplant recipient treated with metronidazole for prevention of infection. Patient: A 56-year-old man with systemic symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, generalized seizure, and a subsequent acute deterioration of mental status due to NCSE. Interventions: Administration of midazolam was successful in terminating status epilepticus. Main Outcome Measures: Abrupt termination of NCSE was evident on continuous bedside electroencephalogam associated with clinical resolution of mental status. Results: Recovery occurred from NCSE eventually deteriorating to a fatal outcome. Conclusions: Metronidazole may be associated with successfully treated NCSE.
ATM-dependent spontaneous regression of early Eμ-myc–induced murine B-cell leukemia depends on natural killer and T cells
Authors: Croxford J. Ludovic , Tang Melissa Li Fang , Pan Meng Fei , Huang Caleb Weihao , Kamran Neha , Phua Cindy Meow Ling , Chng Wee Joo , Ng Siok Bian , Raulet David H. , Gasser Stephan 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Spontaneous regression of B-cell tumors in Eμ-myc mice. Regression depends on DNAM-1, natural killer cells, and T cells.
High-risk patients following hospitalisation for an acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Piquet Jacques , Chavaillon Jean-Michel , David Philippe , Martin Francis , Blanchon François , Roche Nicolas 
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to assess long-term mortality and predictive factors of death after hospital admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1824 patients (23.2% female; mean age 70.3±11.3 years) consecutively admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD in the respiratory medicine departments of 68 general hospitals between October 2006 and June 2007 were prospectively enrolled in a follow-up cohort. Their vital status was documented between October 2010 and April 2011.Vital status was available for 1750 patients (95.9%), among whom 787 (45%) died during follow-up. Multivariate analysis found that age (60–80 years and ≥80 yearsversus<60 years, relative risk 2.99, 95% CI 2.31–3.89), lower body mass index (25–30 kg·m−2versus≤20 kg·m−2, relative risk 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.97), lung cancer (relative risk 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.01), cardiovascular comorbidity (relative risk 1.35, 95% CI 1.16–1.58), previous hospital admissions for acute exacerbation of COPD (four or moreversusnone, relative risk 1.91, 95% CI 1.44–2.53), use of accessory respiratory muscles (relative risk 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40) or lower-limb oedema (relative risk 1.74, 95% CI (1.44–2.12)) at admission and treatment by long-term oxygen therapy at discharge (relative risk 2.09, 95% CI 1.79–2.45) were independent risk factors of death.Mortality rate during the 4 years following hospital admission for acute exacerbation of COPD was high (45%). Simple clinical information relating to respiratory and general status can help in identifying high-risk patients and targeting more intensive follow-up and care. Interestingly, cardiovascular comorbidities and past hospitalisations for acute exacerbation of COPD, but not forced expiratory volume in 1 s, independently predicted the risk of death.
Mesenchymal stem cells promote alveolar epithelial cell wound repair in vitro through distinct migratory and paracrine mechanisms
Authors: Akram Khondoker M , Samad Sohel , Spiteri Monica A , Forsyth Nicholas R 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are in clinical trials for widespread indications including musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiac and haematological disorders. Furthermore, MSC can ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis in animal models although mechanisms of action remain unclear. One emerging concept is that MSCs may have paracrine, rather than a functional, roles in lung injury repair and regeneration.

Methods
To investigate the paracrine role of human MSC (hMSC) on pulmonary epithelial repair, hMSC-conditioned media (CM) and a selected cohort of hMSC-secretory proteins (identified by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry) were tested on human type II alveolar epithelial cell line A549 cells (AEC) and primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) using an in vitro scratch wound repair model. A 3D direct-contact wound repair model was further developed to assess the migratory properties of hMSC.

Results
We demonstrate that MSC-CM facilitates AEC and SAEC wound repair in serum-dependent and –independent manners respectively via stimulation of cell migration. We also show that the hMSC secretome contains an array of proteins including Fibronectin, Lumican, Periostin, and IGFBP-7; each capable of influencing AEC and SAEC migration and wound repair stimulation. In addition, hMSC also show a strong migratory response to AEC injury as, supported by the observation of rapid and effective AEC wound gap closure by hMSC in the 3D model.

Conclusion
These findings support the notion for clinical application of hMSCs and/or their secretory factors as a pharmacoregenerative modality for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other fibrotic lung disorders.
Effect of patient Age on surgical outcomes for Graves’ disease: a case–control study of 100 consecutive patients at a high volume thyroid surgical center
Authors: Breuer Christopher K , Solomon Daniel , Donovan Patricia , Rivkees Scott A , Udelsman Robert 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objective
To compare outcomes between children (<18 yrs) and adults undergoing total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease (GD) at a high volume, multidisciplinary thyroid center.

Summary of background data
Reported complication rates for children undergoing surgery for Graves’ disease are worse than for adults.

Methods
100 consecutive patients (32 children; 68 adults) who underwent total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease (GD) by a high-volume endocrine surgery team from were compared.

Results
The mean patient age was 9.7 yrs (range 3.4-17.9 yrs) in children versus 44.9 yrs (range 18.4-84.2 yrs) in adults. Operative times were longer in children (2.18 ± 0.08 hrs) than in adults (1.66 ± 0.03 hrs) (p = 0.003). Pediatric thyroid specimens averaged 38.6.0 ± 8.9 gm (range: 9–293 gm) and adult thyroid specimens averaged 48.0 ± 6.4 gm (range: 6.6-203 gm) (p = 0.34). Thyroid to body weight ratios were greater in children (0.94 ± 0.11 gm/kg) than adults (0.67 ± 0.8 gm/kg) (p = 0.05). In all patients, the hyperthyroid state resolved after surgery. There was no operative mortality, recurrence, or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Transient post-operative hypocalcemia requiring calcium infusion was greater in children than adults (6/32 vs. 1/68; p = 0.004). Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction occurred in two children and in no adults (p = 0.32). Postoperative hematoma occurred in two adults and in no children (p = 0.46). The length of stay was longer for children (1.41 ± 0.12 days) than for adults (1.03 ±0.03 days) (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Surgical management of GD is technically more challenging in children as evidenced by longer operative times. Whereas temporary hypocalcemia occurs more commonly in children than adults, the risks of major complications including disease recurrence, permanent hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, or neck hematoma were indistinguishable. These data suggest that excellent and equivalent outcomes can be achieved for GD surgery in children and adults when care is rendered by a high volume, endocrine surgery team.
Solitary fibrous tumors of the soft tissues: imaging features with histopathologic correlations
Authors: Papathanassiou Zafaria G , Alberghini Marco , Picci Piero , Staals Eric , Gambarotti Marco , Garaci Francesco Giuseppe , Vanel Daniel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the imaging features of soft tissue solitary fibrous tumors, with histopathological correlations and clinical outcome.

Material and methods
Twenty-seven patients with histologically proven SFTs were retrospectively evaluated. Imaging studies included six radiographs, five U/S studies, eighteen CT scans, fourteen MRI exams, and one angiography.

Results
On CT scans, two lesions were isodense and five were mildly hypodense compared to muscle while 11 lesions appeared heterogeneous-mixed of iso and hypodense areas. Heterogeneous enhancement was depicted in 13 lesions and four lesions enhanced homogeneously. Six lesions were partially calcified. On T1W MR images, seven lesions were isointense and one was slightly hyperintense relative to adjacent muscles while five lesions appeared heterogeneous-mixed of iso and hypointense areas. T2W images showed high SI in two cases and heterogeneous-mixed in seven cases. Enhancement was heterogeneous in six and homogeneous in four lesions. Patchy unenhanced areas (on CT and T1W MR images) along with patchy areas of low to markedly high SI on T2W images were depicted in 19 lesions. The enhanced portions correlated to areas of increased vascularity and cellularity. The four clinically more aggressive lesions could not be predicted on imaging.

Conclusion
Typical soft tissue SFTs are deep masses made of isodense and isointense areas relative to adjacent muscles mixed with hypodense and hypointense areas on unenhanced CT and MR T1W respectively. Variable enhancement patterns and mixed to high signal intensities on MRT2W are attributed to tumor’s cellularity, vascularity, collagen distribution and/or degeneration. Heterogeneity of SFTs affects imaging features on MRI and CT modalities. The biological behavior of soft tissue SFTs can not be predicted based solely either on histopathologic or imaging evaluation.
Country- and individual-level socioeconomic determinants of depression: multilevel cross-national comparison
Authors: Rai Dheeraj , Zitko Pedro , Jones Kelvyn , Lynch John , Araya Ricardo 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe prevalence and correlates of depression vary across countries. Contextual factors such as country-level income or income inequalities have been hypothesised to contribute to these differences.AimsTo investigate associations of depression with socioeconomic factors at the country level (income inequality, gross national income) and individual (education, employment, assets and spending) level, and to investigate their relative contribution in explaining the cross-national variation in the prevalence of depression.MethodMultilevel study using interview data of 187 496 individuals from 53 countries participating in the World Health Organization World Health Surveys.ResultsDepression prevalence varied between 0.4 and 15.7% across countries. Individual-level factors were responsible for 86.5% of this variance but there was also reasonable variation at the country level (13.5%), which appeared to increase with decreasing economic development of countries. Gross national income or country-level income inequality had no association with depression. At the individual level, fewer material assets, lower education, female gender, economic inactivity and being divorced or widowed were associated with increased odds of depression. Greater household spending, unlike material assets, was associated with increasing odds of depression (adjusted analysis).ConclusionsThe variance of depression prevalence attributable to country-level factors seemed to increase with decreasing economic development of countries. However, country-level income inequality or gross national income explained little of this variation, and individual-level factors appeared more important than contextual factors as determinants of depression. The divergent relationship of assets and spending with depression emphasise that different socioeconomic measures are not interchangeable in their associations with depression.
Treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinicv.standard out-patient treatment in the early course of bipolar disorder: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Hansen Hanne Vibe , Hvenegaard Anne , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Dam Henrik , Gluud Christian , Wetterslev Jørn ,   The Early Intervention Affective Disorders (EIA) Trial Group
Published: January 2013

BackgroundLittle is known about whether treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic improves long-term prognosis for patients discharged from initial psychiatric hospital admissions for bipolar disorder.AimsTo assess the effect of treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinicv.standard decentralised psychiatric treatment among patients discharged from one of their first three psychiatric hospital admissions for bipolar disorder.MethodPatients discharged from their first, second or third hospital admission with a single manic episode or bipolar disorder were randomised to treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic or standard care (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00253071). The primary outcome measure was readmission to hospital, which was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register.ResultsA total of 158 patients with mania/bipolar disorder were included. The rate of readmission to hospital was significantly decreased for patients treated in the mood disorder clinic compared with standard treatment (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.97,P=0.034). Patients treated in the mood disorder clinic more often used a mood stabiliser or an antipsychotic and satisfaction with treatment was more prevalent than among patients who received standard care.ConclusionsTreatment in a specialised mood disorder clinic early in the course of bipolar disorder substantially reduces readmission to a psychiatric hospital and increases satisfaction with care.
Production of chimeras between the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and Peking duck through transfer of early blastoderm cells
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Rui Lei , Zhang Jun , Yu Xiaoxue , Yuan Fang , Yan Li , Zhang Zifu , Wan Zhiyi , Shao Qiang , Qi Cheng , Li Zandong 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Chimeras are useful models for studies of developmental biology and cell differentiation. Intraspecies and interspecies germline chimeras have been produced in previous studies, but the feasibility of producing chimeras between animals of two different classes remains unclear. To address this issue, we attempted to produce chimeras between the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and the Peking duck by transferring stage X blastoderm cells to recipient embryos. We then examined the survival and development of the PKH26-labeled donor cells in the heterologous embryos. At early embryonic stages, both turtle and duck donor cells that were labeled with PKH26 were readily observed in the brain, neural tube, heart and gonads of the respective recipient embryos. Movement of turtle donor-derived cells was observed in the duck host embryos after 48 h of incubation. Although none of the hatchlings presented a chimeric phenotype, duck donor-derived cells were detected in a variety of organs in the hatchling turtles, particularly in the gonads. Moreover, in the hatched turtles, mRNA expression of tissue-specific duck genes MEF2a and MEF2c was detected in many tissues, including the muscle, heart, small and large intestines, stomach and kidney. Similarly, SPAG6 mRNA was detected in a subset of turtle tissues, including the gonad and the small and large intestines. These results suggest that duck donor-derived cells can survive and differentiate in recipient turtles; however, no turtle-derived cells were detected in the hatched ducks. Our findings indicate that chimeras can be produced between animals of two different classes.
Rapid cold hardening improves recovery of ion homeostasis and chill coma recovery in the migratory locustLocusta migratoria
Authors: Findsen Anders , Andersen Jonas Lembcke , Calderon Sofia , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: January 2013

SummaryChill tolerance of insects is defined as the ability of insects to tolerate low temperature under circumstances not involving freezing of intra- or extracellular fluids. For many insects chill tolerance is crucial for their ability to persist in cold environments and mounting evidence indicate that chill tolerance is associated with the ability to maintain ion- and water-homeostasis, thereby ensuring muscular function and preventing chill injury at low temperature. The present study describes the relationship between muscle and hemolymph ion-homeostasis and time to regain posture following cold shock (CS, 2h at -4°C) in the chill susceptible locust, Locusta migratoria. This relationship is examined in animals with and without a prior rapid cold hardening treatment (RCH, 2h at 0°C) to investigate the physiological underpinnings of RCH. Cold shock elicited a doubling of hemolymph [K+] and this disturbance was greater in locusts pre-exposed to RCH. Recovery of ion homeostasis was, however, markedly faster in RCH treated animals which correlated well with whole organism performance as hardened individuals regained posture more than 2 minutes faster than non-hardened individuals following CS. The present study indicates that loss and recovery of muscular function is associated with resting membrane potential of excitable membranes as attested from the changes in the equilibrium potential for K+ (EK) following CS. Both hardened and non-hardened animals recovered movement once K+ homeostasis was recovered to a fixed level (EK≈ -41 mV). RCH is therefore not associated with altered sensitivity to ion disturbance but instead a faster recovery of hemolymph [K+].
Internally Modified Halloysite Nanotubes as Inorganic Nanocontainers for a Flame Retardant
Authors: Jing Hui , Higaki Yuji , Ma Wei , Wu Hui , Yah Weng On , Otsuka Hideyuki , Lvov Yuri M , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We have selectively hydrophobized halloysite nanotube lumens for efficient loading with a flame retardant for controlled releasing composite materials. The inner lumen of octadecylphosphonic-acid-modified halloysite was loaded with hydrophobic bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate). This flame retardant was released from the clay nanotubes in linear fashion over 60 h demonstrating the system potential utility as effective nanocontainers for smart composite systems.
Fabricating Perovskite BaHfO3 Hollow Nanospheres through a Mild Reflux Route
Authors: Lu Yongzheng , Huang Hua , Ye Tiannan , Yu Jianguo , Li Guodong , Zhao Yongnan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Driven by the Ostwald ripening process, perovskite-type BaHfO3 hollow nanospheres were synthesized through a facile reflux method without any templates; the products experienced variations in morphology (solid, core–shell, and hollow nanospheres) at various reaction durations.