bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modest fructose beverage intake causes liver injury and fat accumulation in marginal copper deficient rats
Authors: Song Ming , Schuschke Dale A. , Zhou Zhanxiang , Chen Theresa , Shi Xue , Zhang Jiayuan , Zhang Xiang , Pierce William M. , Johnson W. Thomas , Vos Miriam B. , McClain Craig J. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveDietary fructose and copper interaction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, whether or not modest fructose consumption (3% fructose, w/v) (which is more closely related to the American lifestyle with regard to sugar beverage consumption) affects copper status, and causes liver injury and fat accumulation in marginal copper deficient rats was investigated.Design and MethodsMale weanling Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed either an adequate copper (6ppm) or a marginally copper deficient (1.6ppm) diet for 4 weeks. Deionized water or deionized water containing 3% fructose (w/v) was given ad lib.ResultsModest fructose consumption further impaired copper status in the marginal copper deficient rats and increased hepatic iron accumulation. Liver injury and fat accumulation were significantly induced in the marginal copper deficient rats exposed to fructose.ConclusionsOur data suggest that modest fructose consumption can impair copper status and lead to hepatic iron overload, which in turn, may lead to liver injury and fatty liver in marginal copper deficient rats. This study provides important information on dietary fructose and copper interaction, suggesting that dietary fructose‐induced low copper availability might be an important mechanism underlying fructose‐induced fatty liver.
Validation of the TracmorD Triaxial Accelerometer to Assess Physical Activity in Preschool Children
Authors: Sijtsma Anna , Schierbeek Henk , Goris Annelies H.C. , Joosten Koen F.M. , van Kessel Imke , Corpeleijn Eva , Sauer Pieter J.J. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives: To assess validity evidence of TracmorD to determine energy used for physical activity in 3‐4‐year‐old children.Design and Methods: Participants were randomly selected from GECKO Drenthe cohort (n = 30, age 3.4 ± 0.3 years). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water method. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac). TEE and SMR were used to calculate physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE). Physical activity was monitored using a DirectLife triaxial accelerometer, TracmorD with activity counts per minute (ACM) and activity counts per day (ACD) as outcome measures.Results: The best predictor for PAL was ACM with gender and weight, the best predictor for AEE was ACM alone (backward regression, R2 = 0.50, P = 0.010 and R2 = 0.31, P = 0.011, respectively). With ACD, the prediction model for PAL included ACD, height, gender, and sleep duration (R2 = 0.48, P = 0.033), the prediction model for AEE included ACD, gender and sleep duration (R2 = 0.39, P = 0.042). The accelerometer was worn for 5 days, but 3 days did not give a different estimated PAL.Conclusion: TracmorD provides moderate‐to‐strong validity evidence that supports its use to evaluate energy used for physical activity in 3‐4‐year‐old children.
Body mass index, gender, and clinical outcome among hypertensive and diabetic patients with stage A/B heart failure
Authors: Ballo Piercarlo , Betti Irene , Barchielli Alessandro , Castelli Gabriele , De Luca Leonardo , Gheorghiade Mihai , Zuppiroli Alfredo 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe existence of an “obesity paradox” in asymptomatic patients with preclinical heart failure (HF) has not been investigated. The prognostic value of BMI in a cohort of hypertensive and diabetic patients with stage A/B HF enrolled in the PROBE‐HF study was explored.Design and MethodsBMI was measured in 1003 asymptomatic subjects (age 66.4 ± 7.8 years, 48% males) with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes and no clinical evidence of HF. Predefined endpoints were all‐cause mortality and a composite of death and hospitalization for cardiac causes.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 38.5 ± 4.1 months, 33 deaths were observed. Mortality in the normal BMI group (1.6 deaths per 100 patient‐years) did not differ to that in the overweight group (1.1 per 100 patient‐years, p = 0.31), but was higher than that in the obese group (0.4 per 100 patient‐years, p = 0.0089). In multivariable analysis, obesity (hazard ratio [HR] 0.27 [0.09‐0.85], p = 0.025) but not overweight (HR 0.68 [0.32‐1.45], p = 0.32) was associated with lower risk of death. Obesity was also independently associated with reduced risk of the composite endpoint (HR 0.54 [0.28‐0.99], p = 0.047).ConclusionIn asymptomatic hypertensive and diabetic patients with preclinical HF, obesity is associated with better survival and reduced risk of events.
Relation of Food Intake Behaviors and Obesity Development in Young Common Marmoset Monkeys
Authors: Ross Corinna N. , Power Michael L. , Artavia Joselyn M. , Tardif Suzette D. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and associated risks of adult type disease have led to worldwide concern. It remains unclear how genetic predisposition, environmental exposure to obesogenic food, and developmental programming interact to lead to overweight and obese children. The development of a nonhuman primate model of obesity, and particularly juvenile obesity, is an important step to elucidating the factors associated with obesity and evaluating intervention strategies.Design and Methods: Infant marmosets were followed from birth to 12 months of age. Feeding phenotypes were determined through the use of behavioral observation, solid food intake trials, and liquid feeding trials monitored via lickometer.Results: Marmosets found to be obese at 12 months of age (more than 14%body fat) start consuming solid food sooner and initiate more time off of care givers. These individuals developed stable feeding phenotypes that included being more efficient consumers during liquid intake trials, drinking more grams of diet per contact with the licksit.Conclusions: The weaning process appears to be particularly important in the development of feeding phenotypes and the development of juvenile obesity for the marmosets, and thus this is the time that should be focused upon for intervention testing in both nonhuman primates and children.
Retinal vessel abnormalities as a possible biomarker of brain volume loss in obese adolescents
Authors: Tirsi Aziz , Duong Michelle , Tsui Wai , Lee Carol , Convit Antonio 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Endothelial dysfunction in childhood obesity may precede cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment in adulthood. A noninvasive proxy of microvascular health is required to identify the risk for microvascular damage in obese children.Design and MethodsThe associations of hippocampal volumes and global cerebral atrophy were assessed with retinal vessel caliber in 40 normal BMI controls and 62 obese age‐matched nondiabetic adolescents and the contribution of inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance to retinal vessel caliber was evaluated.ResultsCompared to controls, obese adolescents had smaller retinal arterioles (8.3% decrease, P < 0.05) and wider venules (5.4% increase, P < 0.01). Larger retinal arteriole diameters were associated with less global cerebral atrophy (B = −0.24 [95% confidence interval, CI: −0.48, −0.002]) and larger hippocampal volumes (B = 0.01 [95% CI: 0, 0.02]). Venule diameters (B = 84.2 [95% CI: 30.3, 138.1]) were predicted by inflammation (fibrinogen). Arteriolar diameters were predicted by insulin resistance, indicated by logHOMA (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA) values (B = −17.03 [95% CI: −28.25, −5.81)] and body mass index (BMI) (B = −.67 [95% CI: −1.09, −0.24)]. All analyses were adjusted for mean arterial pressure, sleep apnea, and vessel diameter.ConclusionsMeasures of brain health, BMI, and insulin resistance are associated with retinal vessel caliber. If confirmed in larger studies, retinal arteriolar caliber may serve as a possible noninvasive proxy for brain atrophy in obese adolescents, and the identification of elevated risk for cerebral microvascular disease in adulthood.
Gender Dimorphism and Lack of Day/Night Variation or Effects of Energy Deprivation on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Levels in Humans
Authors: Foo Joo‐Pin , Aronis Konstantinos N. , Chamberland John P. , Thakkar Bindiya , Hamnvik Ole‐Petter , Brinkoetter Mary , Zaichenko Lesya , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveUndercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a bone marker with potent metabolic effects. Leptin regulates Esp gene expression and osteocalcin carboxylation in animal models. We aim to elucidate day/night patterns of ucOC levels, whether short‐term and/or chronic energy deprivation alters ucOC levels, and whether leptin may mediate these changes in humans.Design and MethodsTwelve healthy males and females were studied for 72 h in the fed state to study day/night pattern of ucOC. The six female subjects were also studied in a crossover interventional study in the fasting state for 72 h with administration of either placebo or metreleptin in physiological doses. Blood samples were obtained hourly from 0800 a.m. on day 3 until 0800 a.m. on day 4. In a separate study, eleven obese subjects who underwent bariatric surgery were followed for 24 weeks to examine the effects of postsurgery weight loss on ucOC levels.ResultsMales have higher ucOC levels compared to females. There is no day/night variation pattern of circulating ucOC in humans. Short‐term and chronic energy deprivation or leptin administrations do not alter ucOC levels.ConclusionsThe hypothesis that ucOC plays a role in energy homeostasis or of leptin in regulating ucOC in humans is not supported.
High Caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women
Authors: Jakubowicz Daniela , Barnea Maayan , Wainstein Julio , Froy Oren 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveFew studies examined the association between time‐of‐day of nutrient intake and the metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to compare a weight loss diet with high caloric intake during breakfast to an isocaloric diet with high caloric intake at dinner.Design and MethodsOverweight and obese women (BMI 32.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2) with metabolic syndrome were randomized into two isocaloric (∼1400 kcal) weight loss groups, a breakfast (BF) (700 kcal breakfast, 500 kcal lunch, 200 kcal dinner) or a dinner (D) group (200 kcal breakfast, 500 kcal lunch, 700 kcal dinner) for 12 weeks.ResultsThe BF group showed greater weight loss and waist circumference reduction. Although fasting glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were reduced in both groups, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA‐IR decreased significantly to a greater extent in the BF group. Mean triglyceride levels decreased by 33.6% in the BF group, but increased by 14.6% in the D group. Oral glucose tolerance test led to a greater decrease of glucose and insulin in the BF group. In response to meal challenges, the overall daily glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and mean hunger scores were significantly lower, whereas mean satiety scores were significantly higher in the BF group.ConclusionsHigh‐calorie breakfast with reduced intake at dinner is beneficial and might be a useful alternative for the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic consequences of the early onset of obesity in common marmoset monkeys
Authors: Power Michael L. , Ross Corinna N. , Schulkin Jay , Ziegler Toni E. , Tardif Suzette D. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe common marmoset as a model of early obesity was assessed. The hypotheses that juvenile marmosets with excess adipose tissue will display higher fasting glucose, decreased insulin sensitivity, and decreased ability to clear glucose from the blood stream were tested.Design and MethodsNormal and obese (body fat > 14%) common marmoset infants (N = 39) were followed up from birth until 1 year. Body fat was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Circulating glucose was measured by glucometer and insulin, adiponectin, and leptin by commercial assays. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; a measure of insulin sensitivity) was calculated for subjects with fasting glucose and insulin measures. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were conducted at 12 months on 35 subjects.ResultsAt 6 months, obese subjects already had significantly lower insulin sensitivity (mean QUICKI = 0.378 ± 0.029 vs. 0.525 ± 0.019, N = 11, P = 0.003). By 12 months, obese subjects also had higher fasting glucose (129.3 ± 9.1 mg/dL vs. 106.1 ± 6.5 mg/dL, P = 0.042), and circulating adiponectin tended to be lower (P = 0.057). Leptin was associated with percent body fat; however, birth weight also influenced circulating leptin. The OGTT results demonstrated that obese animals had a decreased ability to clear glucose.ConclusionsEarly‐onset obesity in marmosets results in impaired glucose homeostasis by 1 year.
Indications and pregnancy outcomes when multidisciplinary centers for prenatal diagnosis refuse request for termination of pregnancy: a retrospective French study
Authors: Nguyen M. L. , Roman H. , Dommergues M. , Verspyck E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo report indications and risk factors for effective termination of pregnancy (TOP) when multidisciplinary prenatal diagnosis centers refuse request for TOP.MethodsThis is a retrospective study from a French national registry between 2005 and 2009. Indication groups for TOP refusal were created. Risk factors for pregnancy outcomes and effective TOP were determined by multinomial logistic regression model.ResultsThe overall number of TOP refusals was 573. Indications were single malformations (37%), chromosomal abnormalities (16.6%), hygroma (5.2%), potential fetopathies (11%), maternal indications (17.4%), and other indications (12.7%). Pregnancy outcomes were live infants (35.1%), effective TOP (36.3%), intra‐uterine fetal death (5.4%), and lost to follow‐up (23.2%). Logistic regression model showed an increased likelihood of effective TOP in groups with single malformations [odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–7.4], chromosomal abnormalities (OR 3, 95% CI 1.2–7.2), and hygromas (OR 19.6, 95% CI 2.3–16.8) compared with other groups. An increased likelihood of effective TOP was also reported when the request was made at first (OR 29.5, 95% CI 10–16.7) and second (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.3–16.7) trimesters compared with the third trimester.ConclusionsEffective TOP is particularly frequent when requested during the first trimester and in cases of structural anomalies of the fetus. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug safety data mining with a tree‐based scan statistic
Authors: Kulldorff Martin , Dashevsky Inna , Avery Taliser R. , Chan Arnold K. , Davis Robert L. , Graham David , Platt Richard , Andrade Susan E , Boudreau Denise , Gunter Margaret J. , Herrinton Lisa J. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Raebel Marsha A. , Roblin Douglas , Brown Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeIn post‐marketing drug safety surveillance, data mining can potentially detect rare but serious adverse events. Assessing an entire collection of drug–event pairs is traditionally performed on a predefined level of granularity. It is unknown a priori whether a drug causes a very specific or a set of related adverse events, such as mitral valve disorders, all valve disorders, or different types of heart disease. This methodological paper evaluates the tree‐based scan statistic data mining method to enhance drug safety surveillance.MethodsWe use a three‐million‐member electronic health records database from the HMO Research Network. Using the tree‐based scan statistic, we assess the safety of selected antifungal and diabetes drugs, simultaneously evaluating overlapping diagnosis groups at different granularity levels, adjusting for multiple testing. Expected and observed adverse event counts were adjusted for age, sex, and health plan, producing a log likelihood ratio test statistic.ResultsOut of 732 evaluated disease groupings, 24 were statistically significant, divided among 10 non‐overlapping disease categories. Five of the 10 signals are known adverse effects, four are likely due to confounding by indication, while one may warrant further investigation.ConclusionThe tree‐based scan statistic can be successfully applied as a data mining tool in drug safety surveillance using observational data. The total number of statistical signals was modest and does not imply a causal relationship. Rather, data mining results should be used to generate candidate drug–event pairs for rigorous epidemiological studies to evaluate the individual and comparative safety profiles of drugs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mott–Hubbard transition in V2O3 revisited
Authors: Hansmann P. , Toschi A. , Sangiovanni G. , Saha‐Dasgupta T. , Lupi S. , Marsi M. , Held K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe isostructural metal‐insulator transition in Cr‐doped V2O3 is the textbook example of a Mott–Hubbard transition between a paramagnetic metal (PM) and a paramagnetic insulator. We review recent theoretical calculations as well as experimental findings which shed new light on this famous transition. In particular, the old paradigm of a doping‐pressure equivalence does not hold, and there is a microscale phase separation for Cr‐doped V2O3.
Confidential initial identification and other improvements for UMTS security
Authors: Caragata Daniel , El Assad Safwan , Shoniregun Charles , Akmayeva Galyna 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTOne of the most important Universal Mobile Telecommunications System security breaches that were identified was the identity catching vulnerability. Whenever the user turns his mobile device on or if the service network fails, the International Mobile Subscriber Identity will be sent in clear over the radio link. This allows the International Mobile Subscriber Identity to be intercepted by an attacker who can use it for different purposes. In this paper, we present a Confidential Initial Identification Protocol that protects user identity and also offers the support for further Universal Mobile Telecommunications System security improvement, especially in the authentication and key agreement protocol and the security algorithms negotiation protocol. We show that these new protocols solve the identity catching vulnerability, limit the secret key exposure to cryptographic attacks, and increase the level of confidence of the user and the home network put in the service network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edge‐to‐Edge Assembled Graphene Oxide Aerogels with Outstanding Mechanical Performance and Superhigh Chemical Activity
Authors: Huang Huan , Chen Pengwan , Zhang Xuetong , Lu Yun , Zhan Wanchu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAerogels, an extremely important aggregation state of various self‐assembled nanoscale building blocks, have great potential in fields ranging from energy storage to thermal insulation. However, the porosity of aerogels makes them mechanically weak in most cases, and the chemical activity of the resulting aerogel needs consideration. Herein, chemically crosslinked graphene oxide (GO) 3D aerogels with large specific surface areas (up to 850 m2 g−1), outstanding mechanical performance (up to 20 MPa Young's modulus, 1 MPa yield strength and 45 J g−1 specific energy adsorption), and superhigh chemical activity (toward some reducing gases such as H2S, HI, and SO2), are fabricated by assembling 2D GO sheets edge‐to‐edge into uniform, 3D hydrogel networks with subsequent supercritical fluid drying. These aerogels are superior to other 3D frameworks (e.g. graphene aerogels) assembled via partial overlapping of the basal planes of the 2D building blocks.
Production of avian influenza virus vaccine using primary cell cultures generated from host organs
Authors: Babar Mustafeez Mujtaba , Riaz Muhammad Suleman , Zaidi Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf , Afzal Farhan , Farooq Muhammad Sabir 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The global availability of a therapeutically effective influenza virus vaccine during a pandemic remains a major challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry. Long production time, coupled with decreased supply of embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), significantly affects the conventional vaccine production. Transformed cell lines have attained regulatory approvals for vaccine production. Based on the fact that the avian influenza virus would infect the cells derived from its natural host, the viral growth characteristics were studied on chicken embryo-derived primary cell cultures. The viral propagation was determined on avian origin primary cell cultures, transformed mammalian cell lines, and in ECE. A comparison was made between these systems by utilizing various cell culture-based assays. In-vitro substrate susceptibility and viral infection characteristics were evaluated by performing hemagglutination assay (HA), 50 % tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and monitoring of cytopathic effects (CPE) caused by the virus. The primary cell culture developed from chicken embryos showed stable growth characteristics with no contamination. HA, TCID50, and CPE exhibited that these cell systems were permissive to viral infection, yielding 2–10 times higher viral titer as compared to mammalian cell lines. Though the viral output from the ECE was equivalent to the chicken cell culture, the time period for achieving it was decreased to half. Some of the prerequisites of inactivated influenza virus vaccine production include generation of higher vial titer, independence from exogenous sources, and decrease in the production time lines. Based on the tests, it can be concluded that chicken embryo primary cell culture addresses these issues and can serve as a potential alternative for influenza virus vaccine production.
Squirals and beyond: substitution tilings with singular continuous spectrum
Authors: BAAKE MICHAEL , GRIMM UWE 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe squiral inflation rule is equivalent to a bijective block substitution rule and leads to an interesting lattice dynamical system under the action of${ \mathbb{Z} }^{2} $. In particular, its balanced version has purely singular continuous diffraction. The dynamical spectrum is of mixed type, with pure point and singular continuous components. We present a constructive proof that admits a generalization to bijective block substitutions of trivial height on${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $.