bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Integration of Arithmetic Operations With Real‐World Knowledge: Evidence From Event‐Related Potentials
Authors: Guthormsen Amy M. , Fisher Kristie J. , Bassok Miriam , Osterhout Lee , DeWolf Melissa , Holyoak Keith J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractResearch on language processing has shown that the disruption of conceptual integration gives rise to specific patterns of event‐related brain potentials (ERPs)—N400 and P600 effects. Here, we report similarERPeffects when adults performed cross‐domain conceptual integration of analogous semantic and mathematical relations. In a problem‐solving task, when participants generated labeled answers to semantically aligned and misaligned arithmetic problems (e.g.,6 roses + 2tulips = ?vs.6 roses + 2vases = ?), the second object label in misaligned problems yielded an N400 effect for addition (but not division) problems. In a verification task, when participants judged arithmetically correct but semantically misaligned problem sentences to be “unacceptable,” the second object label in misaligned sentences elicited a P600 effect. Thus, depending on task constraints, misaligned problems can show either of twoERPsignatures of conceptual disruption. These results show that well‐educated adults can integrate mathematical and semantic relations on the rapid timescale of within‐domainERPeffects by a process akin to analogical mapping.
The effects of the intensity, timing and persistence of personal history of mobility on support for redistribution in transition countries
Authors: Dabalen Andrew , Parinduri Rasyad A. , Paul Saumik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the intensity, timing and persistence of personal history of mobility on individual support for redistribution. Using both rounds of the Life in Transition Survey, we build measures of downward mobility for about 57,000 individuals from 27 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We find that more intensive, recent and persistent downward mobility increases support for redistribution. Accounting for systematic bias in perceived mobility experience and omitted variable bias and considering alternative definitions of redistributive preferences do not alter the basic results.
A new template to study callosal growth shows specific growth in anterior and posterior regions of the corpus callosum in early childhood
Authors: Ansado Jennyfer , Collins Louis , Fonov Vladimir , Garon Mathieu , Alexandrov Lubomir , Karama Sherif , Evans Alan , Beauchamp Miriam H. ,   Brain Development Cooperative Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractMost of the studies conducted on the development of the corpus callosum (CC) have been limited to a relatively simple assessment of callosal area, providing an estimation of the size of the CC in two dimensions rather than its actual measurement. The goal of this study was to revisit callosal development in childhood and adolescence by using a three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging template of the CC that considers the horizontal width of the CC and compares this with the two‐dimensional (2D) callosal area. We mapped callosal growth in a large sample of youths followed longitudinally (N = 370 at T1; N = 304 at T2; and N = 246 at T3). Both techniques were based on a five‐section subdivision of the CC. The results obtained with the 3D method revealed that the rate of CC growth over a 4‐year period in the rostrum, the genu, the anterior body and the splenium was significantly higher in the youngest age group (< 7 years) than in older groups, indicating an intense period of development in early childhood for the anterior and posterior parts of the CC. Similar results were obtained when 2D callosal area was used for the anterior and posterior parts of the CC. However, divergent results were found in the mid‐body and the caudal body of the CC. As shown by differences between 2D estimations and actual 3D measurements of callosal growth, our study highlights the importance of considering the horizontal width in measuring developmental changes in the CC.
Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor expression levels in melanoma cells contribute to cell invasion and proliferation
Authors: Vachtenheim Jiri , Ondrušová Lubica 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicrophthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) is a nodal point in melanoma transcriptional network that regulates dozens of genes with critical functions in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Highly variable MITF expression levels exist in tumor cell subpopulations conferring marked heterogeneity and plasticity in the tumor tissue. A model has been postulated whereby lower MITF levels favour cell invasion and suppress proliferation, whereas high levels stimulate differentiation and proliferation. Additionally, MITF is considered to be a prosurvival gene and a lineage addiction oncogene in melanoma. Herein, we review how MITF expression may affect the melanoma phenotype with consequences on the survival, invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells, and we discuss the research challenges.
BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LYSOZYME FROM HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN
Authors: Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLysozyme was isolated from hairless mouse skin by extraction with 0.1 N acetic acid containing 0.9 percent NaCl. Crude enzyme was purified using successive chromatographic processes on carboxymethylcellulose and Sephadex G‐50. Purified hairless mouse skin lysozyme was found to have a homogeneous electrophoretic migration pattern on polyacrylamide gel.The amino acid composition and several physico‐chemical properties of hairless mouse skin lysozyme were similar to those of human skin lysozyme, but different from those of hen egg white lysozyme. The antigenic properties of hairless mouse skin lysozyme were also closely related to those of human skin lysozyme, but not to those of hen egg white lysozyme.
EFFECT OF THIOCYANATE ON HUMAN SKIN COLLAGENASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Shinkai Hiroshi , Fujiwara Noboru , Matsubayashi Shuho , Sano Shigeharu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTUsing tissue culture, human skin collagenase activity and its relationship to serum collagenase inhibitors and the effect of thiocyanate was studied. The following was found:

Collagenase activity did not become apparent in the culture medium before 48 hours; it reached a peak on the 4th day, gradually decreased, and then became elevated again on the 7th day of culture.
Using the immunodiffusion technique, α2‐macroglobulin was detected up to the 4th day and α1‐antitrypsin until the 7th day.
On the 2nd day of culture, two separate peaks of collagenase activity were evident by gel filtration on a Sephadex G‐200 column. One peak was eluted in the area of α1‐antitrypsin, but no collagenase activity was detected in the area of α2‐macroglobulin.
By treatment with NaSCN, the α2‐macroglobulin was dissociated from the enzyme‐serum collagenase inhibitor complex, and skin collagenase was partially purified as a single peak of activity. From these results, the main serum constituent of collagenase inhibitors is considered to be α2‐macroglobulin rather than α1‐antitrypsin.
HIDROACANTHOMA SIMPLEX: AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY AND COMPARISON WITH ECCRINE POROMA
Authors: Oka Kichiro , Morohashi Masaaki , Nitto Heita 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTHidroacanthoma simplex is a rare tumor and its histogenesis and classification have been the subject of discussion, especially as to its relation to eccrine poroma. The tumor in this study developed on the knee of an old woman as a Bowen's disease‐like lesion. Clinical and histological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of hidroacanthoma simplex.Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells revealed a structure similar to that of eccrine poroma as regards numerous glycogen granules and the ring‐shaped distribution of tonofilaments, but different from eccrine poroma in having no intracellular cavity formation and underdeveloped tonofilaments and desmosomes. These findings indicate that hidroacanthoma simplex is related to eccrine poroma, but is not identical to it nor an intraepidermal form of it.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PORPHYRIAS
Authors: Nonaka Shigeo , Nishimoto Katsutaro , Hirowatari Tokuji , Honda Tetsuzo , Nogita Michio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTElectron microscopic examinations were performed on skin specimens obtained from six patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and one patient with erythropoietic porphyria (Günther).The most important histopathological findings in the involved skin of porphyria is an accumulation of PAS positive material surrounding the small vessels in the upper dermis. The electron microscopic features of this material are discussed. It is not clear how this material is produced.
INCREASED LEVEL OF ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Ozasa Shozaburo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAcidic nuclear proteins and histories were extracted from isolated nuclei of human lymphocytes cultured in media both with and without phytohemagglutinin, and their amounts were measured according to Folin‐Lowry's technique. The ratio of the amount of acidic nuclear proteins to histones was calculated in each case. The ratio of nuclear proteins from lymphocytes cultured in media with phytohemagglutinin was higher than that from lymphocytes cultured in media without phytohemagglutinin. It is suggested that acidic nuclear proteins might restore histone‐inhibited DNA‐dependent RNA synthesis in human lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin.
A CASE OF STORIFORM NEUROFIBROMA
Authors: Nishio Kazukata , Kōda Hiromu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA storiform neurofibroma on the back of a 23‐year‐old male is reported. The tumor grew slowly and continuously and with no sign of malignancy. The tumor was completely excised with no sign of recurrence in over one and one‐half years of follow‐up. The characteristic mat‐like structure and the presence of melanin in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells suggest that the tumor is of the melanotic type.
SYSTEMIC CHROMOMYCOSIS
Authors: Harada Seiichi , Ueda Tokishi , Kusunoki Toshio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis is the report of a case of chromomycosis developing on the skin, left lung, brain, lymph nodes, liver, ileocecal region and kidney of a 15‐year‐old Japanese boy. Phialophora gougerotii from the skin lesions on the back and left upper arm and Phialophora dermatitidis from the left lung, brain, lymph nodes, kidney, as well as the skin lesions on the face, neck and chest were isolated.
DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNE DEPOSITS IN THE SKIN OF REVERSED PASSIVE ARTHUS REACTION USING HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AS ANTIGEN
Authors: Masuda Toshiki , Ueki Hiroaki , Nohara Nozomi , Tanioku Kihei 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe distribution of immune deposits in the skin of reversed passive Arthus reaction was investigated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as antigen. Free and non‐reacted HRP, after leaking from small vessels, spreads widely in connective tissue, in epidermis, and in hair follicles in a diffuse and homogeneous pattern. When a specific antibody is administered, HRP appears as granular deposits, which can be considered to be immune deposits, and they adhere to the tissues. When sufficient amounts of antibody is intracutaneously administered, these granular deposits are seen at the wall of venules or in the vicinity of the venules, but when a small amount of antibody is injected, the deposits are seen widely in the connective tissue and are apt to be accumulated at the basement membrane of the dermo‐epidermal junction and of hair follicles. Free HRP passes the basement membrane easily, but the immune complexes are considered unable to pass it and are deposited under it.
CONTACT DERMATITIS AND LYSOSOME ACTIVITY
Authors: Aoki Kazuo , Shimotoge Masashi , Saito Tadao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTChanges in acid phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase activity were observed in lesions in cases of primary irritant and allergic contact dermatitis caused by dinitrochlorobenzene in guinea pigs.In both types of contact dermatitis, the enzyme activity rose, following the induction, and the peak of activity appeared much later than that of the inflammatory changes; that is, changes in the inflammatory symptoms do not parallel changes in enzyme activity.Thus, it is suggested that changes in lysosomal activity do not have a causative, but a secondary, value in contact dermatitis.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE UPTAKE OF 3H‐AMINO ACIDS BY NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Ohshima Yoshio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIncorporation of some tritiated amino acids in normal and pathological human epidermis was studied by autoradiography. In the case of methionine, glycine and histidine, silver particles were detected in the cytoplasm of nucleated cells. In a test after 1–2 hours incubation the density of these particles was greater in the upper squamous cell layer as compared with the lower layer. In the case of tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine, the particles were distributed more densely in the lower squamous layer as compared with other layers. After 4–6 hours incubation, all of these amino acids were observed more uniformly in the entire epidermal layers except the horny layer, the labelling being highest in the basal layer.It may be interpreted here that the incorporation into the upper layers after 1–2 hours is related to the enzyme activity or energy of the epidermal cell, and that into the lower layers, especially the basal layer after 4–6 hours, to protein synthesis accompanied by cellular proliferation.In parakeratotic epidermis associated with psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, verruca vulgaris, etc., the radioactive particles of 3H‐tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine were found in both the upper and lower squamous layers after 1–2 hours incubation, while they were observed only in the lower squamous layer in the normal epidermis. A similar tendency was found in epidermis with hyper‐ and parakeratosis induced by radiation with ultraviolet lights or stripping of the horny layer. The more the parakeratotic changes, the greater is the tendency.It is therefore suggested that protein synthesis or metabolism occuring in each level of the epidermis is accelerated by a shortened life‐span in the parakeratotic epidermis.In ichthyosis vulgaris, the so‐called keratogenous zone is distinctly seen as a narrow layer immediately beneath the horny layer, showing fairly intensive labelling from 3H‐glycine.In the dyskeratotic cells of skin cancer and molluscum, a few silver particles were distributed with some amino acids.
PROTOTHECOSIS, AN INFECTION BY ALGAE
Authors: Yip Shing Yiu , Huang Chi‐To , Clark Wallace H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA case of protothecosis affecting the skin of the face of a young Chinese girl due to Prototheca wickerhamii is reported from Hong Kong. The disease persisted for eighteen years, was slowly progressive with local spread and extension to neighbouring conjunctival mucosa, and to the contralateral cheek by way of lymphatics, without systemic involvement.The source of infection could not be traced, and factors relating to the mode of onset were not known. There was no apparent defect in the immune mechanism in the otherwise healthy patient.Several antibiotics including polymyxin B, and amphotericin B given by various routes had failed to control the disease.The evolution of different patterns of protothecosis is discussed in the light of scanty case reports in the literature.
EFFECT OF SERUM OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES PATIENTS ON LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Kinoshita Masako , Kawada Akihiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn vitro transformation of peripheral lymphocytes by PHA was usually impaired in mycosis fungoides patients in the infiltrative plaque and tumor stages, while not being significantly impaired in the premycotic stage. A serum factor, reducing transformation by PHA, was demonstrated in 2 of 5 patients in the premycotic stage as well as in 2 and probably 3 of 4 patients in the infiltrative plaque or tumor stage. This serum factor affected both autologous (mycosis fungoides) and normal lymphocytes. The factor tended to be present in patients whose lymphocytes were impaired rather than in those whose lymphocytes were not significantly impaired. The degree of the reduction by mycosis fungoides serum seemed to correlate with the serum concentration of γ‐globulin rather than that of α2‐globulin. The possible nature and clinical significance of this factor are discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE MICROVASCULATURE IN SKIN AFFECTED BY SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA
Authors: Saito Yoshio , Ishikawa Hidekazu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe microvasculature of the upper dermis in cases of systemic scleroderma was examined with an electron microscope. Microvessels in clinically uninvolved skin areas showed nearly normal structure. On the other hand, in moderately involved skin, enlargement of the vascular lumen, endothelial swelling, increase in the pinocytotic vesicle and microvilli and reduplication of the basal lamina were observed. Along with these, Ruthenium red‐positive granules, microfibrils and fine collagen fibrils were perivasculary increased. Markedly involved skin revealed a degenerative change in the endothelial cells with interendothelial gap; in the perivascular region the number of microfibrils and Ruthenium red‐positive granules decreased, and were replaced by increased collagen fibrils.
THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID
Authors: Takahashi Hisashi , Ishii Tomio , Tanabe Kazuko , Ikeda Heisuke 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe present paper reports on the penetration of salicylic acid, a substance with high permeability, through swine skin. Liquid scintillation counter and autoradiographic measurements were performed, on the excised swine skin to which ointment had been applied.The results indicated that the substance penetrated mainly through transfollicular route and was deposited transiently at various levels of each follicle, resulting in zig‐zag pattern on the liquid scintillation counter curve. The autoradiographic study also revealed a heavy transfollicular pattern of the substance though a slight transepidermal pattern was also noted.Whether the substance penetrates because of its lipid solubility or because of its affinity to the keratinous tissue is still open to question.
EFFECTS OF CYCLOHEXIMIDE AND ACTINOMYCIN D ON PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Dekio Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have implicated a role for acidic nuclear proteins in the PHA stimulated activation of human lymphocytes. This study examines the mechanism of synthesis of these proteins. Cycloheximide inhibited their production, while Actinomycin D did not. It is suggested that synthesis proceeds by translation of dormant messenger RNA rather than of newly synthesized messenger RNA.
ENZYME DEFECTS IN XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM
Authors: Akiba Hiroshi , Kato Taizo , Seiji Makoto 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFibroblast strains were obtained from 12 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum of various clinical types. Repair replication of UV‐damaged DNA in the fibroblasts was studied by 3H‐thymidine labeling and radioautography. DNA repair replication was found decreased in all xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts compared with control cells obtained from normal donors. Repair activities in patients cells ranged from nearly 0% in three infant cases and two cases of De Sanctis‐Cacchione syndrome to approximately 100% in an adult moderate case. There was, however, no correlation between the level of repair replication and the severity of clinical symptoms. Since three cases which showed a lack of repair DNA replication were infants, it is assumed that these cases may develop De Sanctis‐Cacchione syndrome in the future. A genetic analysis of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, was performed with cell fusion methods using irradiated HVJ virus in order to determine the type of the complementation group. XP‐1, XP‐3, XP‐4, XP‐6 and XP‐9 may be classified into group D; XP‐2, XP‐7, XP‐8, XP‐11 and XP‐12 into group A; and XP‐5 into the group E.
THERAPY EXPERIENCES WITH HERPES SIMPLEX ANTIGEN “LUPIDON G”
Authors: Djuanda Suria 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDuring the last years a relative high incidence of recurrent herpes simplex genitalis has been observed in Jakarta. A total number of 58 adult male and female patients suffering from herpes progenitalis and of herpes on the mons veneris, gluteal region or thighs were treated with “Lupidon G.”* “Lupidon G” is a HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 2‐antigen, to be injected subcutaneously according to a fixed treatment schedule. The first course consists of 12 subsequent weekly injections (1st–3rd month), followed by a second course of 8 fortnightly injections (4th–5th month). This paper will discuss the factors contributing to proneness of individuals to the disease, the average duration of the herpes, the prior treatment, frequency of the relapses and the coincidence with other diseases.Twelve patients terminated before completion of the course of treatment or did not come back for control. In 46 patients a follow‐up during 6–12 months revealed the following clinical results: excellent 34.8% (16 cases), good 52.2% (24 cases), and inefficacious 13.0% (6 cases), all after the first course. Two patients of the last group were cured after a second course of treatment. Trivial side‐effects occured on the site of injection in 3 patients (6.5%).
INACTIVATION MECHANISM OF TYROSINASE IN MOUSE MELANOMA*
Authors: Tomita Yasushi , Seiji Makoto 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTyrosinase [EC 1.14.18.1] isolated from mouse melanoma was inactivated during the dopatyrosinase reaction. When ascorbate was added to the reaction system, in which dopa‐quinone is immediately converted back to dopa by ascorbate thus preventing the formation of melanin, tyrosinase inactivation similarly occurred. If superoxide anions (O2–) or singlet oxygens (1O2), are generated during the reaction they can attack the enzyme protein to be inactivated. Therefore an estimate was made with scavengers for oxygen radicals and with a liquid scintillation counter but neither was detectable. Thus the inactivation involved is not due to reaction products nor oxygen radicals.
STUDIES ON THE DINITROPHENYLATED LYMPHOCYTES IN GUINEA PIG PAINTED WITH DNCB
Authors: Aoshima Tadahiro , Nakagawa Shôjiro , Gotoh Masako , Tanioku Kihei , Amos Hary E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe number of DNP group‐bearing lymphocytes in the regional lymph node, thoracic duct and peripheral blood was determined at various time intervals after painting normal guinea pigs with DNCB by the immunofluorescent method using anti‐DNP antibody. The incidence of such cells in the regional node was maximal at 12 hours whereas in the thoracic duct and peripheral blood the maximum incidence was found at 0.1–2 hours after painting. Unreacted DNCB was demonstrated in both the thoracic lymph duct and the blood at least for 12 or 24 hours respectively following exposure to DNCB. The authors therefore suggest that DNCB reacts directly in vivo with the lymphocyte cell membrane of guinea pig following epicutaneous application of the chemical.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET'S DISEASE
Authors: Ikezawa Zenro , Ohashi Yoshikazu , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi , Matsuoka Shunsuke 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA patient, having been treated by total cystectomy and Bricker's conduit operation for prostatic duct carcinoma with intraepithelial extension into the prostatic urethra and bladder, developed an annular, psoriasiform eruption around the external orifice of the urethra two and one‐half years later. A biopsy of this lesion showed pagetoid changes of the epidermis. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen, consisting of the glans penis and corpus spongiosum, demonstrated intraepithelial‐tumor permeation into the glans penis, penile urethra, and periurethral glands (Littre). It seems reasonable to conclude that this is an unusual case of Paget's disease of the glans penis which probably originated from a prostatic duct carcinoma.