bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical fibonacci mapping
Authors: Keinert Benjamin , Innmann Matthias , Sänger Michael , Stamminger Marc 
Published: October 2015

Spherical Fibonacci point sets yield nearly uniform point distributions on the unit sphere
S
2
⊂ R
3
. The forward generation of these point sets has been widely researched and is easy to implement, such that they have been used in various applications.

Unfortunately, the lack of an efficient mapping from points on the unit sphere to their closest spherical Fibonacci point set neighbors rendered them impractical for a wide range of applications, especially in computer graphics. Therefore, we introduce an inverse mapping from points on the unit sphere which yields the nearest neighbor in an arbitrarily sized spherical Fibonacci point set in constant time, without requiring any precomputations or table lookups.
We show how to implement this inverse mapping on GPUs while addressing arising floating point precision problems. Further, we demonstrate the use of this mapping and its variants, and show how to apply it to fast unit vector quantization. Finally, we illustrate the means by which to modify this inverse mapping for texture mapping with smooth filter kernels and showcase its use in the field of procedural modeling.
The Role of Stage at Diagnosis in Colorectal Cancer Black–White Survival Disparities: A Counterfactual Causal Inference Approach
Authors: Valeri Linda , Chen Jarvis T. , Garcia-Albeniz Xabier , Krieger Nancy , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Coull Brent A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background: To date, a counterfactual framework has not been used to study determinants of social inequalities in cancer. Considering the case of colorectal cancer, for which racial/ethnic differences in stage at diagnosis and survival are well documented, we quantify the extent to which black versus white survival disparities would be reduced had disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated in a large patient population.
Methods: We obtained data on colorectal cancer patients (diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 and followed until 2010) from US-SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) cancer registries. We employed a counterfactual approach to estimate the mean survival time up to the 60th month since diagnosis for black colorectal cancer patients had black–white disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated.
Results: Black patients survive approximately 4.0 [confidence interval (CI), 4.6–3.2] months less than white patients within five years since diagnosis. Had disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated, survival disparities decrease to 2.6 (CI, 3.4–1.7) months, an approximately 35% reduction. For patients diagnosed after the age of 65 years, disparities would be halved, while reduction of approximately 30% is estimated for younger patients. Survival disparities would be reduced by approximately 44% for women and approximately 26% for men.
Conclusions: Employing a counterfactual approach and allowing for heterogeneities in black–white disparities across patients' characteristics, we give robust evidence that elimination of disparities in stage at diagnosis contributes to a substantial reduction in survival disparities in colorectal cancer.
Impact: We provide the first evidence in the SEER population that elimination of inequities in stage at diagnosis might lead to larger reductions in survival disparities among elderly and women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 83–89. ©2015 AACR.
Triple-Negative versus Non–Triple-Negative Breast Cancers in High-Risk Women: Phenotype Features and Survival from the HIBCRIT-1 MRI-Including Screening Study
Authors: Podo Franca , Santoro Filippo , Di Leo Giovanni , Manoukian Siranoush , de Giacomi Clelia , Corcione Stefano , Cortesi Laura , Carbonaro Luca A. , Trimboli Rubina M. , Cilotti Anna , Preda Lorenzo , Bonanni Bernardo , Pensabene Matilde , Martincich Laura , Savarese Antonella , Contegiacomo Alma , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurpose: To compare phenotype features and survival of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) versus non-TNBCs detected during a multimodal annual screening of high-risk women.Experimental Design: Analysis of data from asymptomatic high-risk women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during the HIBCRIT-1 study with median 9.7-year follow-up.Results: Of 501 enrolled women with BRCA1/2 mutation or strong family history (SFH), 44 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancers: 20 BRCA1 (45%), 9 BRCA2 (21%), 15 SFH (34%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity (90%) outperformed that of mammography (43%, P &lt; 0.001) and ultrasonography (61%, P = 0.004). The 44 cases (41 screen-detected; 3 BRCA1-associated interval TNBCs) comprised 14 TNBCs (32%) and 30 non-TNBCs (68%), without significant differences for age at diagnosis, menopausal status, prophylactic oophorectomy, or previous breast cancer. Of 14 TNBC patients, 11 (79%) were BRCA1; of the 20 BRCA1 patients, 11 (55%) had TNBC; and of 15 SFH patients, 14 (93%) had non-TNBCs (P = 0.007). Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) were 86% for TNBCs versus 43% for non-TNBCs (P = 0.010), G3 IDCs 71% versus 23% (P = 0.006), size 16 ± 5 mm versus 12 ± 6 mm (P = 0.007). TNBC patients had more frequent ipsilateral mastectomy (79% vs. 43% for non-TNBCs, P = 0.050), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (43% vs. 10%, P = 0.019), and adjuvant chemotherapy (100% vs. 44%, P &lt; 0.001). The 5-year overall survival was 86% ± 9% for TNBCs versus 93% ± 5% (P = 0.946) for non-TNBCs; 5-year disease-free survival was 77% ± 12% versus 76% ± 8% (P = 0.216).Conclusions: In high-risk women, by combining an MRI-including annual screening with adequate treatment, the usual reported gap in outcome between TNBCs and non-TNBCs could be reduced. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 895–904. ©2015 AACR.
Mesothelin-Targeted CARs: Driving T Cells to Solid Tumors
Authors: Morello Aurore , Sadelain Michel , Adusumilli Prasad S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are synthetic receptors that target T cells to cell-surface antigens and augment T-cell function and persistence. Mesothelin is a cell-surface antigen implicated in tumor invasion, which is highly expressed in mesothelioma and lung, pancreas, breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Its low-level expression in mesothelia, however, commands thoughtful therapeutic interventions. Encouragingly, recent clinical trials evaluating active immunization or immunoconjugates in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma or mesothelioma have shown responses without toxicity. Altogether, these findings and preclinical CAR therapy models using either systemic or regional T-cell delivery argue favorably for mesothelin CAR therapy in multiple solid tumors.
Significance: Recent success obtained with adoptive transfer of CAR T cells targeting CD19 in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies has generated much enthusiasm for T-cell engineering and raises the prospect of implementing similar strategies for solid tumors. Mesothelin is expressed in a wide range and a high percentage of solid tumors, which we review here in detail. Mesothelin CAR therapy has the potential to treat multiple solid malignancies. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 133–46. ©2015 AACR.
O Balanço do ESQUINA: a Trajetória de um Grupo no Âmbito da Extensão Universitária
Authors: Brêtas Angela , Vieira Andréia Laurita 
Published: October 2015

<p>Neste trabalho apresentamos e discutimos as ações do Grupo ESQUINA: Cidade, Lazer e Animação Cultural ao longo de seis anos de existência. Atuando no âmbito da Extensão Universitária, tem como bases teóricas os estudos do lazer, como ferramenta pedagógica a animação cultural e o cinema como ponto de partida para suas intervenções.</p>
Coleta Seletiva, Educação Ambiental e Promoção do Trabalho Decente em Ribeirão Preto (SP): Conquistas, Reveses e Desafios
Authors: Ponzilacqua Márcio Henrique Pereira , Primon Ana Gabriela De Melo , Santos Caroline Pereira dos 
Published: October 2015

<p>O artigo reflete conquistas, reveses e desafios do projeto de cultura e extensão universitária da FDRP-USP com eixo na política de resíduos sólidos e no trabalho decente de apoio à Cooperativa de Agentes Ambientais Mãos Dadas, que gerencia os recicláveis de Ribeirão Preto, articulada com cerca de 15 instituições, dentre as quais a USP. O projeto conta com bolsistas cuja atuação engloba a realização de oficinas com os cooperados, objetivando a otimização do trabalho cooperativo e o resgate da autoestima dos cooperados. Participaram de reuniões do Conselho Municipal de Defesa do Meio Ambiente em vista da consolidação de direitos fundamentais desses indivíduos. As ações do projeto consistem em processos dialogados, participativos e de construção coletiva de enfrentamento dos desafios, em perspectiva sociojurídica e ambiental. Houve resistência das instâncias de poder público na oitiva demanda, quer pelos óbices burocráticos apresentados, quer por razões de interesse político-eleitoreiro. As ações realizadas contribuíram para o empoderamento das lideranças da cooperativa. A situação crítica vem se revertendo recentemente graças à rede de solidariedade e pressão que se formou em torno do projeto de cooperativismo. Os participantes realizam diagnóstico contínuo dos desafios e fomentam novos caminhos e soluções socioambientais.</p>
A Case Study of Radar Observations and WRF LES Simulations of the Impact of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding on Orographic Clouds and Precipitation. Part II: AgI Dispersion and Seeding Signals Simulated by WRF
Authors: Xue Lulin , Chu Xia , Rasmussen Roy , Breed Daniel , Geerts Bart 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSeveral Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of natural and seeded clouds have been conducted in non-LES and LES (large-eddy simulation) modes to investigate the seeding impact on wintertime orographic clouds for an actual seeding case on 18 February 2009 in the Medicine Bow Mountains of Wyoming. Part I of this two-part series has shown the capability of WRF LES with 100-m grid spacing to capture the essential environmental conditions by comparing the model results with measurements from a variety of instruments. In this paper, the silver iodide (AgI) dispersion features, the AgI impacts on the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the microphysics, and the precipitation are examined in detail using the model data, which leads to five main results. 1) The vertical dispersion of AgI particles is more efficient in cloudy conditions than in clear conditions. 2) The wind shear and the buoyancy are both important TKE production mechanisms in the wintertime PBL over complex terrain in cloudy conditions. The buoyancy-induced eddies are more responsible for the AgI vertical dispersion than the shear-induced eddies are. 3) Seeding has insignificant effects on the cloud dynamics. 4) AgI particles released from the ground-based generators affect the cloud within the boundary layer below 1 km AGL through nucleating extra ice crystals, converting liquid water into ice, depleting more vapor, and generating more precipitation on the ground. The AgI nucleation rate is inversely related to the natural ice nucleation rate. 5) The seeding effects on the ground precipitation are confined within narrow areas. The relative seeding effect ranges between 5% and 20% for the simulations with different grid spacing.
Climatology of Polar Lows over the Sea of Japan Using the JRA-55 Reanalysis
Authors: Yanase Wataru , Niino Hiroshi , Watanabe Shun-ichi I. , Hodges Kevin , Zahn Matthias , Spengler Thomas , Gurvich Irina A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Polar lows are intense meso-α-scale cyclones that develop over the oceans poleward of the main baroclinic zone. A number of previous studies have reported polar low formation over the Sea of Japan within the East Asian winter monsoon. To understand the climatology of polar lows over the Sea of Japan, a tracking algorithm for polar lows is applied to the recent JRA-55 reanalysis. The polar low tracking is applied to 36 cold seasons (October–March) from October 1979 to March 2015. The polar lows over the Sea of Japan reach their maximum intensity on the southeastern side of the midline between the Japanese islands and the Asian continent. Consistent with previous case studies, composite analysis demonstrates that the polar low development is associated with the enhanced northerly flow on the western side of a synoptic-scale extratropical cyclone, with the cold trough in the midtroposphere and with increased heat fluxes from the sea surface. Furthermore, the present climatological study has revealed two dominant directions of motion of the polar lows: southward and eastward. Southward-moving polar lows are steered by a strong northerly flow in the lower troposphere, which is enhanced on the western side of synoptic-scale extratropical cyclones, while the eastward-moving polar lows occur within a planetary-scale westerly flow in the midlatitudes. Thus, the direction of polar low motion reflects the difference in planetary- and synoptic-scale conditions.
Parameterization of Langmuir Circulation in the Ocean Mixed Layer Model Using LES and Its Application to the OGCM
Authors: Noh Yign , Ok Hyejin , Lee Eunjeong , Toyoda Takahiro , Hirose Naoki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effect of Langmuir circulation (LC) on vertical mixing is parameterized in the ocean mixed layer model (OMLM), based on the analysis of large-eddy simulation (LES) results. Parameterization of LC effects is carried out in terms of the modifications of the mixing length scale as well as the inclusion of the contribution from the Stokes force in momentum and TKE equations. The performance of the new OMLM is examined by comparing with LES results, together with sensitivity tests for empirical constants used in the parameterization. The new OMLM is then applied to the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM), and its effect is investigated. The new OMLM helps to correct too shallow mixed layer depths (MLDs) in the high-latitude ocean, which has been a common error in most OGCMs, without making the thermocline in the tropical ocean more diffused. The parameterization of LC effects is found to affect mainly the high-latitude ocean, in which the MLD is shallow in summer and stratification is weak in winter.
Impact of a Stochastic Kinetic Energy Backscatter Scheme on Warm Season Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Duda Jeffrey D. , Wang Xuguang , Kong Fanyou , Xue Ming , Berner Judith 
Published: October 2015

The efficacy of a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB) scheme to improve convection-allowing probabilistic forecasts was studied. While SKEB has been explored for coarse, convection-parameterizing models, studies of SKEB for convective scales are limited. Three ensembles were compared. The SKMP ensemble used mixed physics with the SKEB scheme, whereas the MP ensemble was configured identically but without using the SKEB scheme. The SK ensemble used the SKEB scheme with no physics diversity. The experiment covered May 2013 over the central United States on a 4-km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model domain. The SKEB scheme was successful in increasing the spread in all fields verified, especially mid- and upper-tropospheric fields. Additionally, the rmse of the ensemble mean was maintained or reduced, in some cases significantly. Rank histograms in the SKMP ensemble were flatter than those in the MP ensemble, indicating the SKEB scheme produces a less underdispersive forecast distribution. Some improvement was seen in probabilistic precipitation forecasts, particularly when examining Brier scores. Verification against surface observations agree with verification against Rapid Refresh (RAP) model analyses, showing that probabilistic forecasts for 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint, and 10-m winds were also improved using the SKEB scheme. The SK ensemble gave competitive forecasts for some fields. The SK ensemble had reduced spread compared to the MP ensemble at the surface due to the lack of physics diversity. These results suggest the potential utility of mixed physics plus the SKEB scheme in the design of convection-allowing ensemble forecasts.
A clinical repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation service in Australia: 6 years on
Authors: Galletly Cherrie A , Clarke Patrick , Carnell Benjamin L , Gill Shane 
Published: October 2015

Objective: There is considerable research evidence for the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. However, there is little information about its acceptability and outcomes in clinical settings. Method: This naturalistic study reports on a clinical repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation service that has been running in Adelaide, South Australia (SA), for 6 years. During this time, 214 complete acute courses were provided to patients with treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder. Patients received either sequential bilateral or right unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment involving either 18 or 20 sessions given over 6 or 4 weeks respectively. Data included patient demographic details, duration of depression, and medication at the beginning of their repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation course. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results: Of those undergoing a first-time acute treatment course of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( N = 167), 28% achieved remission, while a further 12% met the criteria for a response to treatment. Most patients ( N = 123, 77%) had previously been treated with five or more antidepressant medications, and 77 (47%) had previously received electroconvulsive therapy. Referral rates remained high over the 6 years, indicating acceptance of the treatment by referring psychiatrists. There were no significant adverse events, and the treatment was generally well tolerated. In all, 41 patients (25%) had a second course of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and 6 (4%) patients had a third course; 21 patients subsequently received maintenance repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Conclusion: This naturalistic study showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was well accepted by both psychiatrists and patients, and has good efficacy and safety. Furthermore, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can provide a useful treatment alternative as part of outpatient mental health services for people with depression.
Lymphocyte/monocyte ratio in osteoarticular tuberculosis in children: a haematological biomarker revisited
Authors: Agarwal Anil , Bhat Mohd Shafi , Kumar Anubrat , Shaharyar Abbas , Mishra Madhusudhan , Yadav Rajeev 
Published: October 2015

Introduction *Work attributed to Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031(India) This study tested the hypothesis whether the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (L/M ratio) altered significantly during treatment of paediatric osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) for it to be a useful monitor of the response to therapy. Material and methods Thirty immunocompetent paediatric patients with OATB treated with 6 months of uninterrupted multidrug anti-tubercular treatment with resultant clinical and radiological healing of the lesion were included. Haemoglobin, total leucocyte, monocyte and lymphocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were collected at 0, 2 and 6 months, and were analysed. Results The L/M ratio altered from high (11) at the start of treatment towards normalisation (9) at 2 months and (7.7) at 6 months. There was no correlation with declining ESR levels. Conclusions The L/M ratio may have potential as an effective biomarker response.
The attitudes of general hospital doctors toward patients with comorbid mental illness
Authors: Noblett Joanne E , Lawrence Robert , Smith Jared G 
Published: October 2015

Objective What are the attitudes of general hospital doctors toward patients with comorbid mental illness? Do certain characteristics of the health professional related to attitude valence to patients with comorbid mental illness? Method An anonymous questionnaire was sent out to a cohort of doctors working in three General Hospitals in South West London. The questionnaire included vignettes to assess the respondents’ attitudes toward eight patients presenting with a physical compliant with different clinical histories, including depression, schizophrenia, personality disorder, diabetes, and criminal behavior. Results A total of 52 participants completed the questionnaire; 40 females and 12 males. Across all domains, the most positive attitudes were held toward patients without a diagnosis of mental illness. The least positive attitudes were toward patients with schizophrenia, personality disorder, and those classified as “criminals,” and negative attitudes relating to the unpredictability of patients was identified in these categories. There was no statistically significant difference in attitudes depending on age or level of training. However, female participants tended to endorse more positive attitudinal responses, most clearly toward patients with depression and heroin addiction. Conclusions Negative attitudes of doctors were identified toward certain mental illness diagnoses and are likely to contribute the physical health disparity between patients with and without a comorbid mental illness. This raises the question as to how these attitudes can be changed in order to improve the parity of physical health care between patient with and without mental illness.
Impact of cardiac surgery on the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on B cells and monocytes
Authors: Holmannova Drahomira , Kolackova Martina , Kunes Pavel , Krejsek Jan , Mandak Jiri , Andrys Ctirad 
Published: October 2015

Objective: We measured and compared changes in the percentage of cells expressing CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA-DR and the expression of these molecules on B cells and monocytes of patients who underwent either on-pump, mini on-pump or off-pump cardiac surgery. Methods: Blood samples from patients who underwent either on-pump, mini on-pump or off-pump cardiac surgery were collected before surgery, instantly after surgery and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after surgery. Surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD40 and HLA-DR molecules was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Our results show that all three surgical techniques altered the expression of these molecules, as well as the percentage relative number of specific cell populations. We identified statistically significant differences when comparing different surgical techniques. On-pump surgery revealed a more pronounced impact on the phenotype of immune system cells than the other techniques. Therefore, it is likely that the function of immune cells is changed the most by on-pump surgery. We found a lower decrease in the number of CD80+ monocytes and a lower drop in the CD40 expression on monocytes in off-pump patients in comparison with on-pump patients. Conclusion: All the types of cardiac surgical techniques, off-pump, on-pump and modified mini-invasive on-pump, are associated with changes in CD80, CD86, CD40 and HLA-DR expression. We found several significant differences in the expression of the selected molecules when we compared all three groups of patients.