bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural phenotypes of the mucopolysaccharide disorders: a systematic literature review of cognitive, motor, social, linguistic and behavioural presentation in the MPS disorders
Authors: Cross E. M. , Hare D. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe mucopolysaccharide disorders (MPS) are a group of recessively inherited metabolic disorders resulting in progressive physical and cognitive decline.Materials and methodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched, alongside manual screening, to identify relevant literature. Papers were included in the review if they were published in a peer reviewed journal and conducted empirical research into cognitive, motor, social or linguistic development or behaviour in one or more MPS disorders.ResultsTwenty‐five papers were reviewed. Two papers used methodology of a sufficiently high standard to demonstrate a behavioural phenotype; both found sleep disturbance to be part of the phenotype of MPS III. Fearfulness and sleep disturbance were frequently observed in people with MPS I and II. Cognitive and motor impairment and decline, and challenging behaviour were highly prevalent in the severe form of MPS II. Cognitive decline and severe behavioural problems relating to aggression, hyperactivity, orality, unusual affect and temper tantrums were seen in MPS III.ConclusionsSleep disturbance is part of the behavioural phenotype of MPS III, and challenging behaviour is highly prevalent in MPS II and MPS III, therefore the efficacy of behavioural interventions for these populations should be investigated. Further research into the behaviour and adaptive skills of children with MPS III and MPS IV is required.
Evaluation of Physico‐Chemical and Sensory Quality During Storage of Soybean and Canola Oils Packaged in PET Bottles
Authors: Fuentes Paula Heidy Aguilera , do Prado Ana Cristina Pinheiro , Ogliari Paulo , Deschamps Francisco Carlos , BarreraArellano Daniel , Bolini Helena Maria A. , Block Jane Mara 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the quality of soybean and canola oils packaged in PET bottles during their shelf life. Considering the limit for the peroxide value established by Brazilian legislation the soybean and canola oils were outside the specification at between 75 and 165 days of storage, respectively, that is, before the end of the period of validity established by the producer (6 months and 1 year, respectively). The sensory analysis revealed alterations in the oil attributes of ‘aroma’ and ‘taste’ at between 180 and 300 days of storage, although the grades did not reveal significant alterations or a reduction in the acceptance of the products. The results obtained indicate that the physico‐chemical quality parameters of soybean and canola oils produced in Brazil are outside the specification before the end of the validity period declared by the producers, the critical parameters being the peroxide and acid indices.
High B‐type natriuretic peptide levels predict a hypercoagulable state in otherwise low‐risk patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sadanaga Tsuneaki , Mitamura Hideo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe D‐dimer and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in relation to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scores in 59 patients with atrial fibrillation who were not receiving anticoagulant therapy were analyzed. Among 19 patients with CHADS2 scores of 0–1, 3 of the 7 patients with elevated BNP levels also had elevated D‐dimer levels. Among 8 patients with CHA2DS2–VASc scores of 1, 2 of the 3 patients with elevated BNP levels also had elevated D‐dimer levels. Therefore, D‐dimer levels can be elevated in low‐risk patients when BNP levels are high, and anticoagulation therapy should be considered for these patients.
p53 codon 72 polymorphism in Taiwanese breast cancer patients
Authors: Chen Fang‐Ming , Ou‐Yang Fu , Yang Sheau‐Fang , Tsai Eing‐Mei , Hou Ming‐Feng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere are clear discrepancies between ethnicity and geographic area regarding the peak age incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Underlying variances include genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The wild‐type p53 codon has two common polymorphic variants from a single‐base‐pair substitution at codon 72, where either C‐C‐C encodes proline (p53‐p72) or C‐G‐C encodes arginine (p53‐R72). We aim to study the p53 codon 72 genotypes of patients with breast cancer in Taiwan and make a comparison with the published data to ascertain whether any difference exists between Taiwanese and Western patients with breast cancer. We also evaluated the effect of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism on clinicopathologic features. We examined blood from 170 Taiwanese women with breast cancer with polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism for the genotypes of p53 codon 72. For the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, there were 31 p53‐P/P72 (18.2%), 93 p53‐R/P72 (54.7%), and 46 p53‐R/R72 (27.1%) with the allele frequencies 0.54 for the p53‐R72 and 0.46 for p53‐P72, respectively. Our results indicate that there was more p53‐P72 (40.6% in Asians vs. 26.4% in Caucasians) and twice the incidence of p53‐P/P72 homozygotes (18% in Asians vs. 8% in Caucasians) among the Asian population. Patients with the p53‐R/R72 variant were more likely to have a t1 tumor size status (55.2%) compared with patients with the P53‐P/R72 (30.9%) or P53‐P/P72 variant (36%). Our results support the hypothesis that genetic factors may contribute to the difference between Taiwanese or Asian breast cancer and Western breast cancer patient populations.
The Talazhin plagiodunite–troctolite–anorthosite–gabbro massif (East Sayan): petrogeochemistry and ore potential
Authors: Yurichev A.N. , Chernyshov A.I. , Konnikov A.E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The petrology and ore potential of the Talazhin massif located in northwestern East Sayan are studied. The internal structure of the intrusion, the petrographic composition of its rocks, and their metallogenic, petrostructural, and petrogeochemical features are considered. The probable temperature and chemical composition of the parental magma of the pluton were computed using the KOMAGMAT-3.52 program on the modeling of equilibrium crystallization. The obtained data indicate that the Talazhin massif is a rhythmically layered plagiodunite–troctolite– anorthosite–gabbro intrusion formed from low-Ti high-alumina olivine–basalt melt. It is promising for Cu–Ni–PGE mineralization.
Self-consistent pressure scales based on the equations of state for ruby, diamond, MgO, B2–NaCl, as well as Au, Pt, and other metals to 4 Mbar and 3000 K
Authors: Sokolova T.S. , Dorogokupets P.I. , Litasov K.D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on the modified formalism of Dorogokupets and Oganov (2007), we calculated the equation of state for diamond, MgO, Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pt, Ta, and W by simultaneous optimization of the data of shock-wave experiments and ultrasonic, X-ray diffraction, dilatometric, and thermochemical measurements in the temperature range from ~ 100 K to the melting points and pressures of up to several Mbar, depending on the material. The obtained room-temperature isotherms were adjusted with a shift of the R1 luminescence line of ruby, which was measured simultaneously with the unit cell parameters of metals in the helium and argon pressure media. The new ruby scale is expressed as P(GPa) = 1870⋅Δλ / λ0(1 + 6⋅Δλ / λ0). It can be used for correction of room-pressure isotherms of metals, diamond, and periclase. New simultaneous measurements of the volumes of Au, Pt, MgO, and B2-NaCl were used for interrelated test of obtained equations of state and calculation of the room-pressure isotherm for B2-NaCl. Therefore, the constructed equations of state for nine metals, diamond, periclase, and B2-NaCl can be considered self-consistent and consistent with the ruby scale and are close to a thermodynamic equilibrium. The calculated PVT relations can be used as self-consistent pressure scales in the study of the PVT properties of minerals using diamond anvil cell in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Time correlation of crack formation during impact fracture of rocks
Authors: Shcherbakov I.P. , Kuksenko V.S. , Chmel A.E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Samples of marble and granite with different grain sizes were subjected to impact fracturing under laboratory conditions. The acoustic-emission (AE) signals generated by growing cracks were detected at 10-ns intervals. Synchronically, the fractoluminescence (FL) resulting from the breakage of interatomic bonds on the sample surface was recorded. The duration of the intervals between the AE signals was shown to be a power-law function, typical of correlated (self-similar) processes. However, the FL signals did not follow this law, because the duration of free-radical formation is much shorter than the intervals at which they appear when chemical bonds break down. The AE data indicate that new cracks appear more often in materials with a smaller grain size.
Stress state and deformation of the Earth’s crust in the Altai–Sayan mountain region
Authors: Rebetsky Yu.L. , Kuchai O.A. , Marinin A.V. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We present the results of tectonophysical reconstruction of natural stresses of the Earth’s crust in the Altai–Sayan mountain region using cataclastic analysis of fault slips and seismic data on the focal mechanisms of earthquakes. This method allows one to obtain the parameters of the total stress tensor by invoking additional data: generalized experimental data on the brittle fracture of rocks, seismic data on the released stress of strong earthquakes, and data on the topography and density of rocks. Results of the tectonophysical reconstruction of stresses showed significant inhomogeneity of the stress state, which is manifested not only in the variation of the strike and dip of the principal axes of the stress tensor, determining changes in the geodynamic regime of the Earth’s crust, but also in the close location of the regions of high and low isotropic tectonic pressure in relation to the lithostatic pressure. The variance of the ratio of tectonic pressure to lithostatic pressure is in the range of 0.59–1.31, with an average value for the region close to unity. This paper discusses internal or external mechanisms capable of generating the stress field obtained by the tectonophysical reconstruction.
Embassy Bank Accounts and State Immunity from Execution: Doing Justice to the Financial Interests of Creditors
Authors: RYNGAERT CEDRIC 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEmbassy bank accounts are among the properties of states most widely present in foreign states. Accordingly, they constitute an ideal target for attachment by creditors. International instruments have largely upheld state immunity from execution regarding bank accounts, however. Likewise, state practice largely – and apparently increasingly – supports state immunity from measures of attachment, by applying a presumption that funds in embassy bank accounts are used for governmental non-commercial purposes. This approach is overly deferential to the state. Instead, it is argued that domestic courts should require that the state, at least partially, discharge the burden of proof regarding the nature (commercial/sovereign) of the funds in the bank account. A failure to discharge this burden should result in a rejection of immunity. Only such an approach adequately balances the interests of states and creditors, and does sufficient justice to the creditor's right of access to a court. In addition, it is argued that such a balance is also brought about by construing literally general waivers of immunity from attachment, as not requiring an additional specific waiver regarding embassy bank accounts.
The Classification of International Legal Rules: A Reply to Stefan Talmon
Authors: ORAKHELASHVILI ALEXANDER 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAny legal system, including the international legal system, consists of rules that serve multiple purposes and functions that the legal system in question needs to perform in order to survive as a viable organism. Jurisprudence of national and international courts relating to areas such as responsibility, immunity, and dispute settlement has involved intensive discussions as to the nature and implications of the various categories of rules. Approaching this broad area, with its multiple components, requires careful differentiation of the nature of those various categories of rules, for the fact that the relevant classification of rules works in one area does not inherently make it workable in other areas, which is confirmed in practice. The most problematic issue remains the judicial application ofjus cogensin relation to state immunities and the ensuing distinction between substantive and procedural rules. It is shown in this contribution that this artificial distinction does not reflect the functions international law actually accords to its various rules, and is instead a product of political and ideological preference to keep particular classes of plaintiffs out of certain jurisdictions.
Governing a Troubled Relationship: Can the Field of Fisheries Breed Sino-Japanese Cooperation?
Authors: MASUO CHISAKO T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSince the boat clash incident in September 2010, tensions have persisted between Japan and China over the sovereignty of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands. Although territorial issues can easily become national symbols and used against other countries, nationalism hampers diplomatic concessions essential for diverse international resolutions. Greater the attention the public pays to such issues, lesser the room governments have for maneuvering. The Japanese and Chinese administrations will find it difficult to extricate themselves from the current deadlock if each party merely continues to assert its sovereignty over the islands. This study examines the possibility of expanding both countries’ common interests in the East China Sea by focusing on the fisheries issues that triggered the 2010 incident. Japan and China have not fulfilled their obligation – as stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – to conserve biological resources in their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). The New Japan–China Fisheries Agreement (2000) established vast special water zones in the middle of the East China Sea instead of demarking the EEZs between the two countries. However, the Joint Fisheries Committee established in accordance with the agreement has not worked to prevent overexploitation and to maintain sustainable development of fishery stocks in the zones. Thus, this paper proposes that Japan and China launch an initiative for effective control of fishing resources in the East China Sea, most preferably in collaboration with related neighboring parties.
Taiwanese Views of China and the World: Party Identification, Ethnicity, and Cross–Strait Relations
Authors: GRIES PETER HAYS , SU JENNY 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents results from a nationally representative survey conducted in Taiwan in November 2011 that explores Taiwanese attitudes toward China and the world. It demonstrates that while ‘blue’ (KMT) and ‘green’ (DPP) supporters maintained different attitudes towards China, few Taiwanese supported reunification. Taiwanese attitudes towards other countries, the sources of Taiwanese party identification, and policy implications for cross–Strait relations are also explored.
David Armstrong
Authors: Mumford Stephen 
Published: February 2013

David (D. M.) Armstrong is one of Australias greatest philosophers. His chief philosophical achievement has been the development of a core metaphysical programme, embracing the topics of universals, laws, modality and facts: a naturalistic metaphysics, consistent with a scientific view of the natural world. In this book Stephen Mumford offers an introduction to the full range of Armstrongs thought. Beginning with a discussion of Armstongs naturalism, his most general commitment, and his realism about universals, Mumford then examines Armstrong's theories of laws, modality and dispositions, which make up the basics of his core theory. With this in place, Mumford explores his ideas on perception, mind and belief before returning to metaphysics in the final chapters, looking at truth and the new view of instantiation. The book is a dispassionate, fair and unbiased account of Armstrongs thought. Although Armstongs is a body of work that Mumford regards highly and of real significance, he nevertheless highlights areas of weakness and issues about which there is room for further debate.
Understanding Phenomenology
Authors: Cerbone David R. 
Published: February 2013

Understanding Phenomenology provides a concise and accessible guide to one of the most important schools of thought in modern philosophy. The book traces phenomenology's historical development, beginning with its founder, Edmund Husserl and his "pure" or "transcendental" phenomenology, and continuing with the later, "existential" phenomenology of Heidegger, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. Each chapter provides an expert distillation of each philosopher's refinements to the movement's core ideas and provides readers with a clear picture of how phenomenology moved from primarily a theory of knowledge to a new philosophical method. The final chapter assesses later, critical responses to phenomenology  ranging from Derrida to Dennett  and reflects on the continued significance of phenomenology for philosophy today. Written for those coming to phenomenology for the first time, Understanding Phenomenology guides the reader through the often bewildering array of technical concepts and jargon, and provides clear explanations and helpful examples to encourage and enhance engagement with the primary texts. It is ideally suited for courses in twentieth-century continental philosophy and for the non-specialist looking for an authoritative overview.
The Philosophy of Foucault
Authors: May Todd 
Published: February 2013

Michel Foucault's historical and philosophical investigations have gone through many phases: the archaeological, the genealogical, and the ethical among them. What remains constant, however, is the question that motivates them: "who are we?" Todd May follows Foucault's itinerary from his early history of madness to his posthumously published Collège de France lectures and shows how the question of who we are shifts and changes but remains constantly at or just below the surface of his writings. By approaching Foucault's work in this way, May is able to offer readers an engaging and illuminating way to understand Foucault. Each of Foucault's key works  Madness and Civilization, The Archaeology of Knowledge, The Order of Things, Discipline and Punish and the multi-volume History of Sexuality  are examined in detail and situated in an historical context that makes effective use of comparisons with other thinkers such as Freud, Nietzsche and Sartre. Throughout the book May strikes a balance between sympathetic presentation and criticism of Foucault's ideas and in so doing exposes Foucault's contributions of lasting value. The Philosophy of Foucault is an accessible and stimulating introduction to one of the most popular and influential thinkers of recent years and will be welcomed by students studying Foucault as part of politics, sociology, history and philosophy courses.
Reading Nietzsche
Authors: Burnham Douglas 
Published: February 2013

Beyond Good and Evil is one of the classics of western philosophy. Pithy, lyrical and densely complex, it demands that its readers are already familiar with key Nietzschean concepts  such as the will-to-power, perspectivism or eternal recurrence  and are able to leap with Nietzschean agility from topic to topic, across metaphysics, psychology, religion, morality and politics. As a concise and comprehensive statement of Nietzsche's mature philosophy, it has served many readers as the point of entry into Nietzsche's work as a whole. Reading Nietzsche is an authoritative, insightful and detailed examination of this landmark text. It explains the central concepts, the range of Nietzsche's concerns, and highlights Nietzsche's writing strategies that are key to understanding his work and his processes of thought. In its close analysis of the text, Reading Nietzsche reassesses this most creative of philosophers and presents a significant contribution to the study of his thought. In setting this analysis within a comprehensive exposition of Nietzsche's ideas, the book serves as a guide both to Beyond Good and Evil and to Nietzsche's philosophy more generally.
Understanding Hermeneutics
Authors: Schmidt Lawrence K. 
Published: February 2013

Hermeneutics concerns itself with the theory of understanding and the interpretation of language. The question of how to correctly interpret and understand others remains one of the most contested branches of philosophy. In Understanding Hermeneutics Lawrence Schmidt provides an introduction to modern hermeneutics through a systematic examination of the ideas of its key philosophical proponents. Chapter 1 examines the ideas of the Protestant theologian, Friedrich Schleiermacher, who argues that misunderstanding is always possible so we must always employ interpretation if we are to understand correctly. Chapter 2 discusses the ideas of Dilthey, who maintains that understanding in the humanities is fundamentally different from explanation in the natural sciences, and who presents a methodology to judge what another person means or feels by means of their language and also their gestures, facial expressions, and manners of acting. Chapter 3 explores the ideas of Heidegger who radicalizes the concept by shifting its focus from interpreting texts to an existential interpretation of human being. In Chapter 4 the recent ideas of Gadamer are examined, which extend to examining the structures of hermeneutic experience and to question the supremacy of the natural sciences as models for truth. The final chapters consider some of the criticisms and controversies surrounding hermeneutics, including the work of Habermas, Hirsch, Ricoeur and Derrida, and the prospects for the future of hermeneutics.
White Ink
Authors: Cixous Hélène 
Published: February 2013

Hélène Cixous is widely regarded as one of the worlds most influential feminist writers and thinkers. White Ink brings together her most revealing interviews. Spanning over four decades and including a new interview with the editor Susan Sellers, this collection presents a brilliant, running commentary on the subjects at the heart of Cixouss writing. Here, Cixous discusses her books and her creative process, her views on and insights into literature, philosophy, theatre, politics, aesthetics, faith and ethics, human relations and the state of the world. As she responds to interviewers questions, Cixous is prompted to reflect on her roles and activities as poet, playwright, feminist theorist, professor of literature, philosopher, woman, Jew. Each interview is a remarkable performance, an event in language and thought where Hélène Cixouss celebrated intellectual and poetic force can be witnessed in action. The accessibility of the interview format provides an excellent starting-point for readers new to Cixous, while those already familiar with her work will find unexpected insights and fresh elucidations of her thought.