bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The United States and China in the Arctic
Authors: Lundestad Ingrid , Tunsjø Øystein 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTUS-China relations represent the most central bilateral relationship in the world, but few studies investigate the two countries’ approaches to the Arctic. This article explores the geopolitical shifts in the Arctic, and compares and contrasts American and Chinese policy in the region. The article examines to what extent the two have common or conflicting interests, and discusses the potential for US-China friction and rivalry. Some alarmist writers suggest that the future Arctic is set for confrontation. This article, however, argues that the current stakes in the circumpolar Arctic region are not sufficiently high to warrant confrontation between the two states. Cooperation predominantly guides their policies and activities. While they play different roles and increasingly seek to demonstrate their influence, there are common interests, such as in the freedom of the seas, in resource extraction and in developing infrastructure in the region.
Road Expansion and Off-Farm Work in Rural China
Authors: Qiao Fangbin , Rozelle Scott , Huang Jikun , Zhang Linxiu , Luo Renfu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study estimates the impact of road expansion on off-farm activities in rural China. To achieve this goal, econometric models that capture the impact of road expansion on migration and local off-farm works are developed and estimated using individual data. Estimation results show that road expansion encourages farmers to participate in local off-farm work rather than migrate. In addition, road expansion also has a significant impact on the working time and income of local off-farm work.
Cellular self-organizing systems: A field-based behavior regulation approach
Authors: Jin Yan , Chen Chang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMultiagent systems have been considered as a potential solution for developing adaptive systems. In this research, a cellular self-organizing (CSO) approach is proposed for developing such multiagent adaptive systems. The design of CSO systems however is difficult because the global effect emerges from local actions and interactions that are often hard to specify and control. In order to achieve high-level flexible and robustness of CSO systems and retain the capability of specifying desired global effects, we propose a field-based regulative control mechanism, called field-based behavior regulation (FBR). FBR is a real-time, dynamical, distributed mechanism that regulates the emergence process for CSO systems to self-organize and self-reconfigure in complex operation environments. FBR characterizes the task environment in terms of “fields” and extends the system flexibility and robustness without imposing global control over local cells or agents. This paper describes the model of CSO systems and FBR, and demonstrates their effectiveness through simulation-based case studies.
Task Importance Affects Event-Based Prospective Memory Performance in Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and HIV-Infected Young Adults with Problematic Substance Use
Authors: Woods Steven Paul , Doyle Katie L. , Morgan Erin E. , Naar-King Sylvie , Outlaw Angulique Y. , Nichols Sharon L. , Loft Shayne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the effects of task importance on event-based prospective memory (PM) in separate samples of adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and HIV-infected young adults with substance use disorders (SUD). All participants completed three conditions of an ongoing lexical decision task: (1) without PM task requirements; (2) with PM task requirements that emphasized the importance of the ongoing task; and (3) with PM task requirements that emphasized the importance of the PM task. In both experiments, all HIV+ groups showed the expected increase in response costs to the ongoing task when the PM task’s importance was emphasized. In Experiment 1, individuals with HAND showed significantly lower PM accuracy as compared to HIV+ subjects without HAND when the importance of the ongoing task was emphasized, but improved significantly and no longer differed from HIV+ subjects without HAND when the PM task was emphasized. A similar pattern of findings emerged in Experiment 2, whereby HIV+ young adults with SUD (especially cannabis) showed significant improvements in PM accuracy when the PM task was emphasized. Findings suggest that both HAND and SUD may increase the amount of cognitive attentional resources that need to be allocated to support PM performance in persons living with HIV infection. (JINS, 2014, 21, 1–11)
Understanding objects in motion. Anarchaeologicaldialogue on Romanization
Authors: Versluys Miguel John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis essay argues that Romanization revolves around understanding objects in motion and that Roman archaeologists should therefore focus on (1) globalization theory and (2) material-culture studies as important theoretical directions for the (near) future. The present state and scope of the Romanization debate, however, seem to prevent a fruitful development in that direction. The first part of this paper therefore briefly analyses the Romanization debate and argues that large parts of ‘Anglo-Saxon Roman archaeology’ have never been really post-colonial, but in fact from the mid-1990s onwards developed a theoretical position that should be characterized as anti-colonial. This ideologically motivated development has resulted in several unhealthy divides within the field, as well as in an uncomfortable ending of the Romanization debate. The present consensus within English-speaking Roman archaeology ‘to do away with Romanization’ does not seem to get us at all ‘beyond Romans and Natives’, and, moreover, has effectively halted most of the discussion about how to understand and conceptualize ‘Rome’. The second part of the article presents two propositions outlining how to move forward: globalization theory and material-culture studies. Through this focus we will be able to better understand ‘Rome’ as (indicating) objects in motion and the human–thing entanglements resulting from a remarkable punctuation of connectivity. This focus is important as an alternative perspective to all existing narratives about Romanization because these remain fundamentally historical, in the sense that they reduce objects to expressions (of identity) alone. It is time for our discussions about ‘Rome’ to move ‘beyond representation’ and to become genuinely archaeological at last, by making material culture, with its agency and materiality, central to the analyses.
A New Approach for Optimal Morphological Identification and Immunolabeling of Spermatogonial Cells
Authors: Albuquerque Amanda V. , Drumond Ana Luiza , Shao Shan , Melo Rossana C.N. , Almeida Fernanda R.C.L. , Meistrich Marvin L. , Chiarini-Garcia Hélio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHigh quality fixation often inactivates epitopes and gentler fixation can fail to preserve biological structure at the required resolution. For studies of male reproduction, immunofluorescence techniques using paraformaldehyde fixation associated with paraffin as an embedding medium gives good epitope preservation, although the cell becomes morphologically compromised. On the other hand, glutaraldehyde associated with a plastic resin has been used with success to recognize and distinguish each spermatogonial cell subtype, but the antigenic sites become inaccessible to antibodies. Here we describe a new method that provides excellent morphological details of testicular cells while preserving the binding capacity of epitopes. Using a combination of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde as a fixative and LR White resin for embedding, we show that it is possible to clearly recognize spermatogonial subtypes (Aund, A–A4, In and B spermatogonia) on 1-μm thick-sections and to label epitopes such as bromodeoxyuridine, a marker used for cellular cycle studies in the testis. The information gained from this procedure can be critical for understanding spermatogonial process of self-renewal and differentiation.
Weed management by upstate New York organic farmers: Strategies, techniques and research priorities
Authors: Baker Brian P. , Mohler Charles L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWeed management is a major concern for organic farmers. Strategies and techniques used by organic farmers vary according to crops, soils, climate and other factors. Organic farmers in upstate New York experienced in weed management were interviewed about what weed–crop complexes they face, how they manage weeds, and what priorities they have for research. The interviews were complemented with an all-day focus group conducted with the farmers who were interviewed. All of the farmers interviewed relied heavily on cultural practices, such as crop rotation, fertility management, high-density planting, transplants and the use of cover crops. Mechanical practices were also important for the farmers interviewed. They emphasized selection of the appropriate tools for the situation and techniques for using tools effectively. Most of the farmers interviewed relied on intensive tillage to control perennial weeds. Differences in practices were notable among the farmers interviewed. Several farmers shared innovations both in practices and equipment modification. Farmers identified soil and nutrient management; tillage and cultivation tools and practices; natural herbicides; flame weeding and no-till systems without herbicides as research priorities. Some of the topics suggested for research have already received substantial research attention; identification of these topics by the farmers indicated a need to disseminate research findings through extension materials and demonstration of viable practices.
Long-term potentiation of glycinergic synapses triggered by interleukin 1β
Authors: Chirila Anda M. , Brown Travis E. , Bishop Rachel A. , Bellono Nicholas W. , Pucci Francesco G. , Kauer Julie A. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Whereas glycine is one of the three major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, glycinergic synapses are relatively understudied in intact tissue. Here we provide the first evidence of long-term potentiation (LTP) at mammalian glycinergic synapses. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, glycinergic synapses on inhibitory GABAergic neurons exhibit LTP, occurring rapidly after exposure to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. This form of LTP is mediated by postsynaptic alterations in glycine receptor function. We further show that peripheral inflammation in vivo triggers glycine receptor LTP. Blocking glycine receptor LTP may represent a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Analysis of a DNA region from low-copy-number plasmid pYAN-1 ofSphingobium yanoikuyaeresponsible for plasmid stability
Authors: Hayashi Hiroe , Kurusu Yasuroh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe identified and analyzed a DNA region that is required for the stable maintenance of plasmids in the genus Sphingomonas. This DNA fragment, a 244 bp, is localized in the upstream region of the repA gene of low-copy-number small plasmid pYAN-1 (4896 bp) of Sphingobium yanoikuyae. It has four inverted repeats and one direct repeat for possible secondary structures. We were able to stabilize not only another unstable plasmid, pYAN-2, in the genus Sphingomonas, but also the unstable plasmid pSC101 without par locus in Escherichia coli. The copy-number levels between the unstable plasmid and the parental plasmid were similar, and these results suggest that the stabilization of unstable plasmids by this DNA region of pYAN-1 was not due to an increase in plasmid copy number. We concluded that the stabilization of the plasmid was due to a plasmid partition mechanism encoded by a DNA fragment of pYAN-1.
Localized concerns, scientific argumentation, framing, and federalism: the case of Devils Lake water diversion
Authors: Gruszczynski Mike , Michaels Sarah 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A federal government system creates opportunities for proponents and opponents of environmental policy change to shift the institutional home where a policy decision is made and then invoke reasoning tailored for the new venue and to retry or reframe arguments. Content analysis of North Dakota state legislative and US Congressional committee hearings preceding authorization of an outlet connecting Devils Lake, North Dakota to the binational Hudson Bay drainage basin revealed: (1) State and federal legislators were equally likely to invoke constituents' localized concerns in framing arguments, and (2) Scientific evidence did not hold sway in either state or federal hearings.
Corporate social responsibility initiatives
Authors: Tobey David H. , Yasanthi Perera B. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to posit a framework that predicts and explains the success and sustainability of MNC‐driven corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs in West Africa, based on the degree of overlap or differentiation among existing value systems of various stakeholders (economic orientation and temporal orientation).Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes previous works on competing values, stakeholder perspective of CSR, and cultural values to posit the value alignment framework.FindingsIt is found that synthesis yields a value alignment framework and four propositions for empirical testing.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical research on the framework is needed. The synthesis of the propositions leads to two future research questions, “What is the impact of the degree of agreement on CSR values on corporate social performance?” and “What is the effect of culture on the effect of CSR values on performance?”Practical implicationsThe framework presents those responsible for implementing CSR programs with a basis for reflecting upon broad factors that may mean the difference between CSR program success or failure.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical model and assessment guidelines for considering local context when designing and delivering CSR initiatives and why CSR efforts may succeed or fail. Thus, it may assist in deriving sustainable social benefits from expatriate multinational investments in CSR.
The unexpected side of relational e-HRM
Authors: Bissola Rita , Imperatori Barbara 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the organizational redesign opportunities currently offered by web-based technological innovations contribute to rebuilding and strengthening the employee-HR department relationship, rendering personnel management policy criteria more transparent, increasing perceived fairness and thus helping to instil trust in the HR department, albeit in a diverse virtual context.Design/methodology/approach– The authors designed a survey involving 526 Gen Y employees and tested the hypotheses using structural equation modelling analyses.Findings– The results confirm a positive relationship between relational e-HRM system adoption, procedural justice and trust in the HR department.Research limitations/implications– The results provide evidence that technology can support the development of institutional trust in virtual environments and thus contribute to the growing e-HRM literature, to the more consolidated strategic HRM research domain and to the debate on trust in technology-mediated relationships.Practical implications– The paper provides valuable and at times unexpected results on the new potential role of the HR department in the current fluid and insecure labour market, thereby forming the basis for defining some useful guidelines to design and implement the e-HRM architecture.Originality/value– The paper focuses on understanding how relational e-HRM could impact on the direct employee-HR department relationship, from the Gen Y employees perspective, that is almost neglected in the growing literature. Moreover it suggests some unexpected insights on the role of technology innovativeness in moderating the impact of e-HRM on trust in the HR department.
Institutional determinants of e-HRM diffusion success
Authors: Burbach Ralf , Royle Tony 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Drawing on institutional theory and existing international business practice transfer and e-HRM models this paper develops an e-HRM diffusion model to ascertain the institutional factors that determine the successful diffusion of e-HRM practices in multinational corporations (MNC). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The research is based on the analysis of 25 semi-structured interviews with 15 key stakeholders in the German and Irish subsidiaries of a single US-based MNC as well as two interviews with a senior manager in one of its main competitors.Findings– The findings suggest that the successful transfer of e-HRM is mediated by an interchange of various institutional-level factors (external, relational, organizational and individual) within the corporation and its subsidiaries. Successful implementation of e-HRM is synonymous with the successful integration and institutionalization of e-HRM practices in the subsidiaries.Research limitations/implications– As this analysis is founded upon a single case study, it is difficult to make assumptions concerning the broad population of all MNC and their subsidiaries. Further research may be required to test the model and the findings presented in this paper.Practical implications– The findings and the model presented in this paper demonstrate the impact of the institutional context and of key success factors of technology implementation on e-HRM diffusion success. These findings may be of particular relevance to organizations and practitioners who are embarking on an e-HRM installation in an international context.Originality/value– This paper enriches the e-HRM and international management debate by identifying the key institutional factors impacting the diffusion of e-HRM practices in the subsidiaries of an MNC. In addition, the model put forward in the paper shows how these factors interact and how successful e-HRM diffusion can be characterized.
Configurations of e-HRM – an empirical exploration
Authors: Strohmeier Stefan , Kabst Ruediger 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate types, contexts and consequences of electronic HRM (e-HRM) configurations to get a deeper understanding of the reasons, kinds and success of different e-HRM types.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses a cross-sectional survey of senior HR persons and analyses data with exploratory methods, i.e. cluster analysis, classification tree analysis and analysis of variance.Findings– The results show that actually three configurations of e-HRM – “non users”, “operational users” and “power users” – exist. These can be explained by a sparse, yet meaningful set of contextual variables. All three configurations markedly contribute to organisational success, whereas the “power user”-configuration exceeds the other configurations.Research limitations/implications– The employed e-HRM typology shows a precursory status and the empirical study is exploratory in nature. Thus, searching for a clearer theoretical foundation, improving the hypothesising of variables and undertaking further empirical studies to replicate the findings are necessary future steps.Practical implications– Not always a maximum of electronic support seems to be indicated. Depending on the respective organisational context, even no electronic support, or else, a merely operational electronic support appears to be admissible; while, however, in larger and strategic-oriented organisations full electronic support outperforms other configurations.Originality/value:–The paper focuses on different e-HRM types and gives some first insights into reasons, kinds and success of different configurations. This should lead to a refined understanding of e-HRM and evoke further research on the subject.
Effect of magnetic field and a mode-I crack problem in micropolar thermoelastic medium possessing under three theories
Authors: Lotfy Khaled , Yahia N. , Hassan W. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– A model of the equations of two-dimensional problems in a half space, whose surface in free of micropolar thermoelastic medium possesses cubic symmetry as a result of a mode-I crack is studied. There acts an initial magnetic field parallel to the plane boundary of the half-space. The crack is subjected to prescribed temperature and stress distribution. The formulation in the context of the Lord-Shulman theory includes one relaxation time and Green-Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, as well as the classical dynamical coupled theory. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for the displacement, microrotation, stresses and temperature distribution.

Findings
– The variations of the considered variables with the horizontal distance are illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made with the results in the presence of magnetic field.

Originality/value
– A comparison is also made between the three theories for different depths in 3D plots.
Application of infrared thermography in the characterization of voids and honeycomb in concrete structure
Authors: Laaidi Naouar , Belattar Sougrati 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is mainly the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of a reinforced concrete slab containing two types of delaminations: voids and honeycomb, with different sizes and depths.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper the paper adopts the infra-red thermography as a sounding method. It is used as a tool to estimate the change in temperature or thermal contrast induced by the presence of a defect in specimen besides using numerical simulation based on FEM to develop the prediction of temperature development in concrete structure.

Findings
– This study shows that the numerical methods can be used to evaluate and validate the experimental results. The coupling of the simulation and the experimentation can be of a great utility because it allows predicting the results before beginning the experimentation.

Originality/value
– The paper finds that the use of FEM in the prediction of temperature evolution in concrete, and the validation of the numerical simulation with the results obtained by the experimental measurements have a key importance in the study of civil engineering structure.
A study on the effect of sequential post-earthquake fire on the performance of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Behnam Behrouz , Reza Ronagh Hamid 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Post-earthquake fire (PEF) can lead to a rapid collapse of structures partially damaged by earthquake. As there is almost no established PEF provisions by codes and standards, PEF investigations are therefore needed for those buildings. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A non-linear PEF analysis comprises three steps, which are the application of gravity loads, earthquake loads and then fire loads. As a fire generally initiates on one floor and then spreads to other floors, applying a sequential fire is more realistic than applying a concurrent fire on several floors. Hence, in this study, the fire is applied sequentially to the floors with a time delay.

Findings
– The results indicate a substantial reduction in the resistance of the damaged frame when subjected to PEF. In addition, the results of applying the PEF sequentially is more realistic than the concurrent fire.

Research limitations/implications
– It was better to perform an experimental test to have a better understanding of the issue.

Originality/value
– PEF can potentially result in a catastrophe in areas located in seismic regions. Thus, investigating the effect of PEF on previously damaged structures is of importance.