bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3,4‐Dihydroxybenzalacetone Protects Against Parkinson's Disease‐Related Neurotoxin 6‐OHDA Through Akt/Nrf2/Glutathione Pathway
Authors: Gunjima Kei , Tomiyama Ryoichi , Takakura Ken , Yamada Takashi , Hashida Koji , Nakamura Yutaka , Konishi Tetsuya , Matsugo Seiichi , Hori Osamu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). 3,4‐Dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is a small catechol‐containing compound isolated from Chaga (Inonotus obliquus [persoon] Pilat), and has been reported to have beneficial bioactivities, including antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumorigenic activities, with a relatively low toxicity to normal cells. We, therefore, investigated the neuroprotective activity of DBL against the PD‐related neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells with DBL, but not with another Chaga‐derived catechol‐containing compound, caffeic acid, dose‐dependently improved the survival of 6‐OHDA‐treated cells. Although DBL did not reduce 6‐OHDA‐induced reactive oxygen species in the cell‐free system, it promoted the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, activated the transcription of Nrf2‐dependent antioxidative genes, and increased glutathione synthesis in the cells. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, but not Sn‐mesoporphyrin IX, a heme oxygenase‐1 inhibitor, or dicoumarol, an NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inhibitor, abolished the protective effect of DBL against 6‐OHDA. Furthermore, DBL activated stress‐associated kinases such as Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK, and PI3K or Akt inhibitors, but not ERK, p38, or JNK inhibitors, diminished DBL‐induced glutathione synthesis and protection against 6‐OHDA. These results suggest that DBL activates the Nrf2/glutathione pathway through PI3K/Akt, and improves survival of SH‐SY5Y cells against 6‐OHDA toxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 151–160, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eliminative Signaling by Janus Kinases: Role in the Downregulation of Associated Receptors
Authors: Carbone Christopher J. , Fuchs Serge Y. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTActivation of cytokine receptor‐associated Janus kinases (JAKs) mediates most, if not all, of the cellular responses to peptide hormones and cytokines. Consequently, JAKs play a paramount role in homeostasis and immunity. Members of this family of tyrosine kinases control the cytokine/hormone‐induced alterations in cell gene expression program. This function is largely mediated through an ability to signal toward activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), as well as toward some other pathways. Importantly, JAKs are also instrumental in tightly controlling the expression of associated cytokine and hormone receptors, and, accordingly, in regulating the cell sensitivity to these cytokines and hormones. This review highlights the enzymatic and non‐enzymatic mechanisms of this regulation and discusses the importance of the ambidextrous nature of JAK as a key signaling node that integrates the combining functions of forward signaling and eliminative signaling. Attention to the latter aspect of JAK function may contribute to emancipating our approaches to the pharmacological modulation of JAKs. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 8–16, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical characterization of athetotic and spastic cerebral palsy using an atlas‐based analysis
Authors: Yoshida Shoko , Faria Andreia V. , Oishi Kenichi , Kanda Toyoko , Yamori Yuriko , Yoshida Naoko , Hirota Haruyo , Iwami Mika , Okano Sozo , Hsu John , Li Xin , Jiang Hangyi , Li Yue , Hayakawa Katsumi , Mori Susumu 
Published: August 2013

PurposeTo analyze diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in two types of cerebral palsy (CP): the athetotic‐type and the spastic‐type, using an atlas‐based anatomical analysis of the entire brain, and to investigate whether these images have unique anatomical characteristics that can support functional diagnoses.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the DTI of seven children with athetotic‐type, 11 children with spastic‐type, and 20 healthy control children, all age‐matched. The severity of motor dysfunction was evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The images were normalized using a linear transformation, followed by large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping. For 205 parcellated brain areas, the volume, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the Z‐scores of these parameters.ResultsThe GMFCS scores in athetotic‐type were significantly higher than those in spastic‐type (P < 0.001). PCA extracted anatomical components that comprised the two types of CP, as well as the severity of motor dysfunction. In the athetotic group, the abnormalities were more severe than in the spastic group. In the spastic group, significant changes were concentrated in the lateral ventricle and periventricular structures.ConclusionOur results quantitatively delineated anatomical characteristics that reflected the functional findings in two types of CP. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:288–298. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory virus RNA is detectable in airborne and droplet particles
Authors: Gralton Jan , Tovey Euan R. , McLaws Mary‐Louise , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAerosol transmission routes of respiratory viruses have been classified by the WHO on the basis of equilibrium particle size. Droplet transmission is associated with particles sized >5 µm in diameter and airborne transmission is associated with particles sized ≤5 µm in diameter. Current infection control measures for respiratory viruses are directed at preventing droplet transmission, although epidemiological evidence suggests concurrent airborne transmission also occurs. Understanding the size of particles carrying viruses can be used to inform infection control procedures and therefore reduce virus transmission. This study determined the size of particles carrying respiratory viral RNA produced on coughing and breathing by 12 adults and 41 children with symptomatic respiratory infections. A modified six‐stage Andersen Sampler collected expelled particles. Each stage was washed to recover samples for viral RNA extraction. Influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus and human rhinoviruses (hRV) were detected using RT‐PCR. On breathing, 58% of participants produced large particles (>5 µm) containing viral RNA and 80% produced small particles (≤5 µm) carrying viral RNA. On coughing, 57% of participants produced large particles containing viral RNA and 82% produced small particles containing viral RNA. Forty five percent of participants produced samples positive for hRV viral RNA and 26% of participants produced samples positive for viral RNA from parainfluenza viruses. This study demonstrates that individuals with symptomatic respiratory viral infections produce both large and small particles carrying viral RNA on coughing and breathing. J. Med. Virol. 85:2151–2159, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in risk groups in the Republic of Macedonia: A 5 years survey
Authors: Kiprijanovska Sanja , Davalieva Katarina , Noveski Predrag , Sukarova‐Stefanovska Emilija , Plaseska‐Karanfilska Dijana 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes depends on geographical location. HCV genotyping is important for epidemiological investigations and treatment management. The aim of this study was to determine the HCV genotype prevalence in the most prominent risk groups in the Republic of Macedonia in the last 5 years and to evaluate its association with patient's age, gender, and mode of transmission. A total of 1,167 HCV positive patients, divided into three risk groups (intravenous drug use, chronic hemodialysis, and other risk factor), were genotyped using an in‐house ASO hybridization method with genotype‐specific oligonucleotide probes. The genotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present with 52.2%, 0.6%, and 47.0%, respectively. Genotype 1 was most prevalent in hemodialysis (89.0%) and other risk factor group (53.8%). It was found associated independently with hemodialysis, age >40 and female gender. Genotype 3 predominated in intravenous drug users (64.0%) and was associated significantly also with age ≤40 and male gender. Multivariable logistic regression analysis pointed out hemodialysis (P < 0.0001, Exp (B) = 12.0) as a positive predictor factor for genotype 1 and age ≤40 (P = 0.021, Exp (B) = 1.8) and intravenous drug use (P < 0.0001, Exp (B) = 8.4) as a positive predictor factors for genotype 3. In conclusion, the main transmission route of HCV infection in the Republic of Macedonia is intravenous drug use, followed by hemodialysis. HCV genotypes 1 and 3 dominate in these two most prominent risk groups in the Republic of Macedonia. J. Med. Virol. 85:2072–2078, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical modeling of loss mechanisms resulting from non‐uniform illumination in multijunction concentrator solar cells
Authors: Haas A. W. , Wilcox J. R. , Gray J. L. , Schwartz R. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractQuasi‐3D distributed emitter models utilizing a unit cell‐based methodology have been successfully applied to the analysis of lateral current flow in solar cell emitter layers. However, the analysis of the specific loss mechanisms resulting from this flow has not been given adequate attention. In this work, a quasi‐3D model for the simulation of effects related to the lateral flow of current in a solar cell emitter layer, particularly under non‐uniform illumination, is developed. The model is applied to a specific case in which a GaInP/GaAs‐like two‐terminal solar cell is illuminated with a Lorentzian irradiance pattern, which is the expected pattern for parabolic trough concentrator. It is shown that bias‐point loss, which results from the variation in the local operating condition of the cell, is significant under highly non‐uniform illumination at low–moderate optical concentration. Understanding this loss mechanism is useful in considering trade‐offs related to the design of the optical concentrator system, as well as, the design of a grid electrode pattern for maximum power output. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image changes in chlorophyll fluorescence of cucumber leaves in response to iron deficiency and resupply
Authors: Donnini Sivia , Guidi Lucia , Degl'Innocenti Elena , Zocchi Graziano 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential element for plants and its deficiency causes decrease not only in the photosynthetic rate but also in the actual photosystem II efficiency at steady‐state photosynthesis. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Fe deficiency in plants of Cucumis sativus (L.) in two different experimental conditions. In the first experiment, plants were grown with or without Fe for 7 d. After 7 d, Fe‐deficient plants were resupplied with Fe and sampled after 12 h and 48 h. In the second experiment, plants were grown with Fe in the nutrient solution for 3 d and after this period, Fe was withdrawn and plants sampled after 3 and 6 d. Iron and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration and Chl‐fluorescence imaging were measured. In cucumber leaves subjected to Fe deficiency, fluorescence imaging of Chl a evidenced spatial changes on leaf lamina. Following Fe deficiency both after 7 d (Exp. 1) or 6 d (Exp. 2) leaves showed a slight, nonsignificant decrease in Fv/Fm ratio. However Chl‐fluorescence parameters determined in light conditions showed significant changes which indicate an alteration in the photosynthetic process. Surprisingly, the effect of Fe deficiency was more pronounced in leaves of plant of Exp. 2 as compared to those that had grown in complete absence of Fe (Exp. 1). In the latter case down‐regulated mechanisms preserved leaves from irreversible photoinhibition leading to complete recovery when plants were resupplied with the microelement.
Investigating translated data of the German soil‐quality assessment using pinpoint field validation
Authors: Hangen Edzard , Förster Helmwart 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn contrast to modern soil‐profile characterization, alternative soil classifications, such as the German soil‐quality assessment (Bodenschätzung), bear a lower degree of scientific quality. However, despite originally created to determine the tax value of arable land and grassland, its high spatial resolution and complete areal coverage makes soil‐quality assessment a valuable tool. To assess its performance in a mountainous setting soil‐layer data of 60 soil pits, recorded in Bavaria (SE Germany) in the course of the soil‐quality assessment, were translated into German soil‐science terminology using the translation program NIBIS®. With regard to soil type and texture the translation was checked using pinpoint field validation based on soil‐science terminology. 57% of soil types and 61% of texture were correctly translated by NIBIS®. To obtain information about probable parameters that can explain the different results readily available parameters such as elapsed time between soil‐quality assessment and validation, altitude, slope, aspect, horizon thickness, lower edge of horizon, as well as weathering surface and silicate‐weathering rate derived from geological maps were used. Differences in topsoil texture were somewhat related to petrographic parameters, those of the lower subsoil showed a weak dependence to topographic parameters. The NIBIS® translation overrated the silt content to the expense of sand. Clay was the best‐matched texture class. The shift towards silty texture classes was the dominant factor for the differences of texture‐related values of the available water capacity and hydraulic conductivity. Both parameters as derived from the NIBIS® translation on the one and from field validation on the other hand were used to evaluate the water‐retention capacity of individual soil profiles. Despite differing input data the soils' water‐retention capacity was rated identical. Thus, a certain degree of disagreement between the texture data obtained from NIBIS® translation and from field validation is tolerable, if the eventual soil‐function evaluation is based on wide classes of texture or of secondary parameters derived from texture.
Restructuring the vocal fold lamina propria with endoscopic microdissection
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca S. , Hoffman Henry T. , Dailey Seth H. , Bock Jonathan M. , Klemuk Sarah A. , Askeland Ryan W. , Ahlrichs‐Hanson Jan S. , Heaford Andrew C. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purposes of this preclinical study were to investigate histologic and rheologic outcomes of Microendoscopy of Reinke's space (MERS)‐guided minithyrotomy and to assess its instrumentation.Study DesignHuman cadaveric and in vivo animal study.MethodsThree human cadaveric larynges were treated with MERS‐guided placement of Radiesse VoiceGel and immediately evaluated histologically for biomaterial location. In the second part of this investigation, two scarred porcine larynges were treated with MERS‐guided placement of HyStem‐VF and rheologically evaluated 6 weeks later. Student t tests determined differences in viscoelastic properties of treated/untreated vocal folds. Sialendoscopes and microendoscopes were subjectively compared for their visualization capacity.ResultsMERS imaged the subepithelial area and vocal ligament, guiding both tissue dissection and biomaterial positioning. Sialendoscopes provided adequate visualization and feature incorporated working channels. Enhanced image clarity was created in a gas‐filled rather than saline‐filled environment, per rater judgment. Histological analysis revealed desirable biomaterial positioning with MERS. Per rheological analysis, viscoelastic properties of the MERS‐treated porcine vocal folds compared to uninjured vocal folds 6 weeks following treatment did not statistically differ.ConclusionsMERS‐guided laryngoplasty using sialendoscopes yielded satisfactory biomaterial positioning in the short‐term and normalized rheologic tissue properties in the long‐term, contributing to proof of concept for MERS in the treatment of scarring. Strengths of MERS include direct, real‐time visualization of Reinke's space and an ability to manipulate surgical instruments parallel to the vocal fold edge while maintaining an intact epithelium. Future work will explore the clinical utility of MERS for addressing scarring, sulcus vocalis, and other intracordal processes.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 123:2780–2786, 2013
Single‐Chain Polymer Self‐Assembly Using Complementary Hydrogen Bonding Units
Authors: Romulus Joy , Weck Marcus 
Published: August 2013

A triblock copolymer containing the complementary hydrogen bonding recognition pair ureidoguanosine–diaminonaphthyridine (UG–DAN) as pendant functional groups is synthesized using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The norbornene‐based DAN monomer is shown to allow for a controlled polymerization when polymerized in the presence of a modi­fied‐UG molecule that serves as a protecting group, subsequently allowing for the fabrication of functionalized triblock copolymers. The self‐assembly of the copolymers was characterized using dynamic light scattering and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the polymers self‐assemble via complementary hydrogen bonding motifs even at low dilutions, indicating intramolecular interactions.
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Grain size effect of pre‐ and post‐coating treated cemented carbides on PVD films' adhesion and mechanical properties
Authors: Bouzakis K.‐D. , Michailidis N. , Skordaris G. , Tsouknidas A. , Makrimallakis S. , Bouzakis E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe grain size of coated cemented carbide tools may significantly affect the tool life by influencing either the coating adhesion to the substrate or the coating growth during deposition. In the present study three variously grained cemented carbides were coated with two different PVD films. Various pre‐ and post‐treatments were applied, while their effect on the films' mechanical properties and adhesion was assessed by nanoindentations and inclined impact tests. The coatings deposited on ultra‐fine‐grained substrates exhibited the highest mechanical properties overall. The research revealed elevated adhesive properties for the fine‐grained substrate compared to the normal and ultra‐fine‐grained one. The film adhesion of normal and fine‐grained substrate can be further enhanced through micro‐blasting. Post‐treatments of the coatings were beneficial in all substrate cases, as brushing of the film surface removed droplets while at the same time inducing surface residual stresses at the coating resulting in a hardness increase.
Mutations in the interleukin receptor IL11RA cause autosomal recessive Crouzon‐like craniosynostosis
Authors: Keupp Katharina , Li Yun , Vargel Ibrahim , Hoischen Alexander , Richardson Rebecca , Neveling Kornelia , Alanay Yasemin , Uz Elif , Elcioğlu Nursel , Rachwalski Martin , Kamaci Soner , Tunçbilek Gökhan , Akin Burcu , Grötzinger Joachim , Konas Ersoy , Mavili Emin , Müller‐Newen Gerhard , Collmann Hartmut , Roscioli Tony , Buckley Michael F. , Yigit Gökhan , Gilissen Christian , Kress Wolfram , Veltman Joris , Hammerschmidt Matthias , Akarsu Nurten A. , Wollnik Bernd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have characterized a novel autosomal recessive Crouzon‐like craniosynostosis syndrome in a 12‐affected member family from Antakya, Turkey, the presenting features of which include: multiple suture synostosis, midface hypoplasia, variable degree of exophthalmos, relative prognathism, a beaked nose, and conductive hearing loss. Homozygosity mapping followed by targeted next‐generation sequencing identified a c.479+6T>G mutation in the interleukin 11 receptor alpha gene (IL11RA) on chromosome 9p21. This donor splice‐site mutation leads to a high percentage of aberrant IL11RA mRNA transcripts in an affected individual and altered mRNA splicing determined by in vitro exon trapping. An extended IL11RA mutation screen was performed in a cohort of 79 patients with an initial clinical diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome, pansynostosis, or unclassified syndromic craniosynostosis. We identified mutations segregating with the disease in five families: a German patient of Turkish origin and a Turkish family with three affected sibs all of whom were homozygous for the previously identified IL11RA c.479+6T>G mutation; a family with pansynostosis with compound heterozygous missense mutations, p.Pro200Thr and p.Arg237Pro; and two further Turkish families with Crouzon‐like syndrome carrying the homozygous nonsense mutations p.Tyr232* and p.Arg292*. Using transient coexpression in HEK293T and COS7 cells, we demonstrated dramatically reduced IL11‐mediated STAT3 phosphorylation for all mutations. Immunofluorescence analysis of mouse Il11ra demonstrated specific protein expression in cranial mesenchyme which was localized around the coronal suture tips and in the lambdoidal suture. In situ hybridization analysis of adult zebrafish also detected zfil11ra expression in the coronal suture between the overlapping frontal and parietal plates. This study demonstrates that mutations in the IL11RA gene cause an autosomal recessive Crouzon‐like craniosynostosis.
Core pathology of eating disorders as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q): the predictive role of a nested general (g) and primary factors
Authors: Friborg Oddgeir , Reas Deborah L. , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Rø Øyvind 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe present study examined several factor models of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), and in particular, whether a nested general factor (‘g’) was present, hence supporting a common pathology factor. A total of 1094 women were randomly selected by Statistics Norway and mailed a questionnaire packet. The sample was randomly split, using the first half for exploratory analyses and the second for confirmatory validation purposes. A four‐factor solution received the best support, but the structure deviated from the original model of Fairburn. The internal consistency was high for the first three factors (.93, .82 and .86) and satisfactory for the fourth (.78). The additional specification of a general (g) factor improved model fit significantly, implying that the EDE‐Q scores are indicators of both a general core and four primary symptom patterns. Furthermore, the g was more strongly related to predictors like age and body mass index (BMI) than the four primary factors in a full structural equation model. The validity of interpreting the global EDE‐Q score as indicative of g was supported. A brief Shape and Weight Concern subscale of 11 items was strongly related to the g‐factor, and may provide an abbreviated measure of overall eating disorder pathology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.