bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors for retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in carcinoma of the hypopharynx
Authors: Wu Zheng , Deng Xue‐Ying , Zeng Rui‐Fang , Su Yong , Gu Mo‐Fa , Zhang Yun , Xie Chuan‐Miao , Zheng Lie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) metastasis and to explore the associated risk factors using CT and MRI, to direct clinical radiotherapy in hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC).MethodsThe CT and MRI images of 218 patients with pathologically confirmed HPC were analyzed retrospectively. The chi‐square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe incidence of RPLN metastasis in HPC was 17.0%, and the highest rate of 36.4% was found in pharyngeal wall carcinoma. None of the patients with N0 classification exhibited RPLN metastasis. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that primary tumor subsites, bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, the number and size of cervical lymph nodes, and level V metastasis were significantly associated with RPLN metastasis.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that primary carcinoma subsites and multiple metastatic cervical lymph nodes are the principal risk factors for RPLN metastasis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Effect of intradermal human recombinant copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase on random pattern flaps in rats
Authors: Schein Ophir , Westreich Melvyn , Shalom Avshalom 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundStudies have focused on enhancing flap viability using superoxide dismutase (SOD), but only a few used SOD from human origin, and most gave the compound systemically. We evaluated the ability of SOD to improve random skin flap survival using human recombinant copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (Hr‐CuZnSOD) in variable doses, injected intradermally into the flap.MethodsSeventy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Cephalic random pattern flaps were elevated on their backs and intradermal injections of different dosages of Hr‐CuZnSOD were given 15 minutes before surgery. Flap survival was evaluated by fluorescein fluorescence. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test statistical analyses were performed.ResultsFlap survival in all treated groups was significantly better than in the controls.ConclusionsThe beneficial effect of HR‐CuZnSOD on flap survival is attained when it is given intradermally into the flap tissue. Theoretically, Hr‐CuZnSOD delivered with local anesthetics used in flap elevation may be a valuable clinical tool. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Next‐generation RNA sequencing reveals differential expression of MYCN target genes and suggests the mTOR pathway as a promising therapy target in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma
Authors: Schramm Alexander , Köster Johannes , Marschall Tobias , Martin Marcel , Schwermer Melanie , Fielitz Kathrin , Büchel Gabriele , Barann Matthias , Esser Daniela , Rosenstiel Philip , Rahmann Sven , Eggert Angelika , Schulte Johannes H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn many cancer types, MYC proteins are known to be master regulators of the RNA‐producing machinery. Neuroblastoma is a tumor of early childhood characterized by heterogeneous clinical courses. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is a marker of poor patient outcome in this disease. Here, we investigated the MYCN‐driven transcriptome of 20 primary neuroblastomas with and without MYCN amplification using next‐generation RNA sequencing and compared the results to those from an in vitro cell model for inducible MYCN (SH‐EP MYCN‐ER). Transcriptome sequencing produced 30–90 million mappable reads for each dataset. The most abundant RNA species was mRNA, but snoRNAs, pseudogenes and processed transcripts were also recovered. A total of 223 genes were significantly differentially expressed between MYCN‐amplified and single‐copy tumors. Of those genes associated with MYCN both in vitro and in vivo, 32% of MYCN upregulated and 37% of MYCN downregulated genes were verified either as previously identified MYCN targets or as having MYCN‐binding motifs. Pathway analyses suggested transcriptomal upregulation of mTOR‐related genes by MYCN. MYCN‐driven neuroblastomas in mice displayed activation of the mTOR pathway on the protein level and activation of MYCN in SH‐EP MYCN‐ER cells resulted in high sensitivity toward mTOR inhibition in vitro. We conclude that next‐generation RNA sequencing allows for the identification of MYCN regulated transcripts in neuroblastoma. As our results suggest MYCN involvement in mTOR pathway activation on the transcriptional level, mTOR inhibitors should be further evaluated for the treatment of MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma.
Mouse Shoulder Morphology Responds to Locomotor Activity and the Kinematic Differences of Climbing and Running
Authors: Green David J. , Richmond Brian G. , Miran Sara L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMechanical loads play a significant role in determining long bone shape and strength, but less work has explored how these loads influence flat bones like the scapula, which has been shown to vary with locomotor preference among primate taxa. Here, we tested the effects of voluntary running and climbing exercise in mice to examine how the mechanical loads borne from different locomotor patterns influence shoulder morphological development. Ninety‐nine female wild‐type mice were distributed equally among sedentary control, activity‐wheel running, and vertical climbing experimental conditions. Running mice had the lowest body masses, larger intrinsic shoulder muscles, and the most pronounced differences in scapular size and shape relative to the other groups. Climbing mouse scapular morphology also differed significantly from the control individuals, but these differences were not as marked as those between the running and control mice. This might be attributable in part to greater levels of activity in the wheel‐runners relative to the climbers. Additionally, climbing mice held their bodies closer to the substrate and maintained more flexed limbs and posterior hand positions compared with the kinematics of running. As a result, climbers differed significantly from both the running and control mice in developing a relatively broader infraspinous region, which is likely related to preferential recruitment of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles to maintain flexed shoulder postures. The results of this study demonstrate that variation in activity level and type of locomotor regime over a significant portion of the life history influences muscle and bone development in the shoulder. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B:621–638, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening of polyphenolic plant extracts for anti‐obesity properties in Wistar rats
Authors: Boqué Noemi , Campión Javier , de la Iglesia Rocío , de la Garza Ana L , Milagro Fermín I , San Román Belén , Bañuelos Óscar , Martínez J Alfredo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundPolyphenols have been reported to prevent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the study was to conduct a screening for potential anti‐obesity polyphenolic plant extracts using a diet‐induced animal model. Rats were fed a high‐fat‐sucrose (HFS) diet with or without supplementation of different polyphenolic plant extracts (almond, apple, cinnamon, orange blossom, hamamelis, lime blossom, grape vine, and birch) for 56–64 days.ResultsBody weight gain was lower in rats supplemented with apple, cinnamon, hamamelis and birch extracts as compared to HFS non‐supplemented group. Moreover, apple and cinnamon extracts prevented the increase in fat mass promoted by the HFS diet. Insulin resistance, estimated by the homostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index, was reduced in rats fed apple, cinnamon, hamamelis and birch extracts. Apple extract also prevented the HFS‐induced hyperglycaemia and hyperleptinaemia.ConclusionOnly apple and cinnamon extracts were finally considered as potentially important anti‐obesogenic extracts, due to their body fat‐lowering effects, while the improvement of obesity‐related metabolic complications by apple polyphenols highlights this extract as a promising functional food ingredient for the management of obesity and its metabolic complications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Low level laser arrests abdominal aortic aneurysm by collagen matrix reinforcement in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Rubinstein Chen , Berlatzky Yacov , Gavish Leah Y. , Beeri Ronen , Gilon Dan , Bulut Atilla , Harlev Mickey , Reissman Petachia , Gertz S. David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent in vitro studies by our group indicated that low level laser irradiation (LLLI) modifies cellular processes essential to the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Using high‐frequency ultrasonography (HF‐u/s) in the angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II)‐infused, apolipoprotein‐E‐deficient (Apo‐E−/−) mouse model of AAA, we found that LLLI markedly inhibited aneurysm formation and preserved arterial wall elasticity. We now report, using quantitative histopathology, the likely mechanism underlying the preventative effect of LLLI on aneurysm formation in this model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis study was performed on 32 Apo‐E−/− mice of which 10 were Ang‐II‐infused and LLL‐irradiated (780 nm, 2 J/cm2, 9‐minutes), 12 were Ang‐II‐infused but not irradiated, and 10 were saline infused. The aortas were excised at 28d, sectioned at 250 µm intervals, and stained with H + E, Movat‐pentachrome and picrosirius‐red for histomorphometry, and immunostained with Mac‐2 and α‐actin for detection of macrophages and SMCs, respectively.ResultsTransmural disruptions of the aorta occurred with distinct predilection for branch orifices. In the LLLI‐treated animals, the frequency of these disruptions was lower (#branches with break points: 17 of 40 vs. 32 of 48, P = 0.023 by Chi‐squared), their size smaller (length [mm]: 0.48 ± 0.26 vs. 0.98 ± 1.42, P = 0.044 by ANOVA with FPLSD), and the number of Mac‐2‐positive macrophages in the intramural areas of these disruptions lower than in the non‐treated control (#Macrophages/0.01 mm2 at break points: 11.6 ± 7.2 vs. 26.0 ± 15.7, P = 0.016 by Kruskal–Wallis). The average size of the medial SMCs was larger reflecting a heightened synthetic state (SMC size [µm2]: 463.9 ± 61.4 vs. 354.9 ± 71.7, P = 0.001 by ANOVA with FPLSD). Furthermore, at sites of transmural disruption, the %area occupied by collagen of the overall area of attempted repair (%Col/WO) was significantly greater in the LLLI‐treated animals versus control (%Col/WO: 41 ± 13 vs. 32 ± 16, P = 0.009 by ANOVA with FPLSD).ConclusionEnhanced matrix reinforcement and modification of the inflammatory response at sites of transmural injury are prominent mechanisms by which LLLI reduces AAA progression in this model. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 664–674, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spiropyran‐Conjugated Pluronic as a Dual Responsive Colorimetric Detector
Authors: Oh Yeon Jeong , Nam Jeong A. , Al‐Nahain Abdullah , Lee Sangkug , In Insik , Park Sung Young 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNovel spiropyran‐conjugated Pluronic [polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐b‐polypropylene oxide (PPO)‐b‐polyethylene oxide (PEO)] micelles are developed as a new colorimetric detector showing photo‐ or thermo‐switchable behavior. Facile conjugation of spiropyran to Pluronic was confirmed by 1H NMR, UV–Vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopy. A switchable photoluminescence is found depending on the irradiation with either UV or visible light, and temperature resulting from structural isomerization of spiropyran between spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) form. Cytotoxicity of the spiropyran‐conjugated Pluronic (SP‐PL) was evaluated following an MTT assay, whereas photo responsiveness of spiropyran within the micelles was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
“Flying by the seat of our pants”: What dementia family caregivers want in an advanced caregiver training program
Authors: Samia Linda W. , Hepburn Kenneth , Nichols Lynne 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough dementia caregiver stress and burden can be ameliorated with intervention, such interventions typically occur in specific caregiving contexts and at specific points in the progression of the dementing illness. We explored the ongoing learning needs and preferences of previously trained caregivers. Descriptive analysis of caregiver survey responses (N = 168) informed follow‐up focus group interviews conducted with 26 family caregivers. Content analysis of focus group data showed that caregivers enjoyed the interactive problem‐solving of the group related to preparing for the future, shaping the troubling behavior of the care recipient, reshaping the resource team, and caring for themselves. These findings support the need for advanced training as caregivers move through the trajectory of caring for persons with dementia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:598–609, 2012
Pneumonectomy: The final cut in a rare incidence of persistent bronchopleural fistula following empyema
Authors: Peters Robert T. , Child Frances , Long Anna‐May , Humphrey Gillian M.E. , Rakoczy George 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe incidence of necrotizing pneumonia and empyema complicated by bronchopleural fistula is rising. We describe the case of a 2‐year‐old boy who presented with empyema thoracis and necrotizing pneumonia who developed a bronchopleural fistula. At initial thoracotomy for decortication, necrotic lung was found and resected. He subsequently underwent further thoracotomy, prolonged chest tube drainage and endobronchial glue application attempts to close a bronchopleural fistula. The fistula was only sealed at third thoracotomy and completion pneumonectomy. This case highlights the potential challenges faced when dealing with air leaks in the setting of infection and we discuss the treatment options available. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:617–621. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of field methyl isothiocyanate flux following Pacific Northwest surface‐applied and ground‐incorporated fumigation practices
Authors: Littke Matt H , LePage Jane , Sullivan David A , Hebert Vincent R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundA fumigant volatilization emission was conducted in Washington State in the fall of 2008 to estimate flux following applications of metam sodium by modified low‐boom‐height (LBH) center‐pivot chemigation and soil‐incorporated shank injection. This study was performed in a commercial potato field circle to assess emission rates and total cumulative field loss of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) (the biologically active conversion product of metam sodium) under conditions typical for fall Pacific Northwest potato preplant fumigation. This assessment provides regionally specific MITC emission rate information for modeling appropriate field‐edge set‐back buffer distances for bystander protection.ResultsSoil‐incorporated shank injection appreciably reduced MITC emissions, with lower periodic flux compared with low‐drift surface‐applied LBH chemigation during treatment applications and over the 4 day post‐fumigation experimental timeframe. The estimated total cumulative fumigant loss was 13% by shank injection compared with 47% by LBH chemigation over the application/post‐application monitoring period.ConclusionThe greater adoption of shank‐injection fumigation will immediately aid in reducing bystander inhalation exposure to MITC, especially in high‐soil‐fumigation regions existing at the rural–urban interface.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Very low dose ion‐implantation effect on heteroepitaxial 3C‐SiC mechanical properties
Authors: Anzalone R. , Piluso N. , Marino A. , Sciuto A. , D'Arrigo G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) is regarded as a promising candidate for high‐power and high‐frequency devices application. In order to control and modify locally the cantilever bending, or the resonant frequency of the microstructures (as required for sensor development), the dependence of mechanical properties of 3C‐SiC film with the defect density (artificially induced by ion implantation) was investigated. Freestanding cantilevers were used to evaluate the mechanical properties and the residual stress of implanted SiC film. The microstructures were implanted with a very low dose of Si+ ions at 80 keV, using high‐voltage implantation system. The beam deflection from the initial position, the modification of fundamental resonant frequency and the micro‐Raman phonon mode maps were used to correlate the variation of Young's modulus with the induced defects.
Theoretical studies of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Cu2HgGeS4
Authors: Li Dan , Ling Furi , Zhang Xinghong , Zhu Zhenye 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present a first‐principles investigation of the electronic structure for Cu2HgGeS4 in stannite structure using the screened‐exchange density functional method. This crystal is a direct‐band‐gap semiconductor, and the calculated band gap is 1.27 eV. The dielectric function, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and energy‐loss function in the two independent polarizations are also studied using the density functional theory (DFT) within the screened‐exchange local density approximation (sX‐LDA). We discuss the high‐frequency dielectric constant and optical transitions between the valence bands (VBs) and the conduction bands (CBs) in the spectra of the imaginary part of the dielectric function at length. We also find a very high absorption coefficient and a wide absorption spectrum for this material. The prominent structures in the spectra of reflectivity and energy‐loss function are discussed in detail. The anisotropy is reflected in all the optical spectra.
Deposition of gold nanoparticle films using spray pyrolysis technique: Tunability of SPR band by electric field
Authors: Kumar Neetesh , Komarala Vamsi K. , Dutta Viresh 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticle films are prepared using a simple inexpensive spray pyrolysis technique. X‐ray as well as TEM diffraction patterns revealed pure cubic structure. The effect of gold nanoparticle concentration on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band position and bandwidth are investigated for varying spray solution volume. The tunability of SPR band position and bandwidth using an electric field, by applying a voltage (up to 2000 V) to the nozzle, has been demonstrated. The reduced full width at half maximum and blue shift in the SPR band position are observed with ΔλFW ∼ 55 nm and ΔλP ∼ 40 nm for the applied voltage of 2 kV. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proposal for splenectomy‐omitting radical distal pancreatectomy in well‐selected left‐sided pancreatic cancer: multicenter survey study
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Kang Chang Moo , Satoi Sohei , Sho Masayuki , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Lee Woo Jung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundWhen distal pancreatectomy is carried out for left‐sided pancreatic cancer, splenectomy is usually performed not only for margin‐negative resection but also for effective clearance of the splenic hilar lymph nodes (LNs). However, the incidence of splenic hilar LN metastasis in these patients has not been definitively determined.MethodsFrom April 2010 to June 2011, in a pilot study, we analyzed the medical records of twelve patients who had undergone radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy. Potential remnant soft tissue around the splenic hilum, which would be left following an extended Warshaw's procedure, was dissected and sent to a pathologist. Three Japanese medical centers conducted a retrospective survey of splenic hilar lymph node metastasis in left‐sided pancreatic cancer to support our study.ResultsIn the pilot study, all twelve patients had adenocarcinoma with a median tumor size of 2 cm. Six patients had LN metastasis and a median number of 4 splenic hilar LNs were evaluated; however, no splenic hilar LN metastasis was noted. In the Japanese multicenter survey (n = 85), only four patients had splenic LN metastasis. Small (<3 cm) and proximal (neck/body) left‐sided pancreatic cancer might not be associated with splenic hilar LN metastasis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn well‐selected left‐sided pancreatic cancer, the incidence of splenic hilar LN metastasis is low enough that splenectomy‐omitting radical distal pancreatectomy would be feasible. The rationale for routine splenectomy should be re‐evaluated, and the oncologic effects of the preserved spleen need to be investigated further.
Subcritical transition and spiral turbulence in circular Couette flow
Authors: Burin M. J. , Czarnocki C. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present new observations of a controlled transition to turbulence in a fundamental but little-studied regime: circular Couette flow with only the outer cylinder rotating. Our apparatus consists of an outer cylinder of fixed radius and three inner cylinders having different radii that are used interchangeably to study the effect of flow curvature. With the smallest inner cylinder the end-cap configuration (vertical boundary conditions) may also be varied. The turbulent transition is found to be sensitive to both gap width and end-cap configuration, with wider gaps transitioning at higher rotation rates. All configurations are observed to transition with hysteresis and intermittency. A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV)-based study of the azimuthal velocity profile as a function of gap width and rotation rate reveals that turbulence, once initiated, is confined to regions of significant shear. For wider gap widths, the radial location of these shear layers is determined by the chosen end-cap configuration. This, in turn, affects the transition Reynolds number, which we posit to be radially dependent. The narrow-gap case in particular features spiral turbulence, whose properties are found to be similar to observations of the phenomenon in related shear flows. The velocity profile in this case is correlated with overlapping boundary layers, suggesting a coupling mechanism for the origin of laminar-turbulent banding phenomena.
L'Ethnologie dans l'Ouest-Africain: Bibliographie Sommaire 1920-7
Authors: Labouret Henri 
Published: August 2012

Les travaux d'ethnologie relatifs à l'Ouest-Africain et publiés au cours de ces dernières années peuvent se ranger, semble-t-il, en trois catégories: (a) Études d'ensemble, (b) Monographies régionales, (c) Mémoires et articles.Il ne saurait être question, bien entendu, de les énumérer tous et de les apprécier dans un compte-rendu de quelques pages, nous nous bornerons donc à mentionner ceux d'entre eux parvenus à notre connaissance et qui paraissent les plus importants, nous excusant par avance des omissions nombreuses que nous serons forcés de commettre.
Lord Lugard: A General Appreciation
Authors: Perham Margery 
Published: August 2012

It is too soon after the death of Lord Lugard to attempt anything more than to write down some ideas and impressions that come into the mind at the first realization of our loss.The chief impression upon considering Lord Lugard's public career is the immense range of his life and work. This never ceased to astonish, as some chance remark of his suddenly recalled that nearly seventy years before he had been playing his part in imperial affairs. From the moment when in 1878, at the age of twenty, he left Sandhurst, until a few days before his death, his was an active working life. As the needs of the British Empire changed and his own qualities and ideas developed, he passed through four clear-cut stages of his career, any two of which would have represented the life-work of most public men.