bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networked Embedded System Architecture for Controlling
Authors: Ito Teruaki , Inoue Masahiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEmbedded systems are used in broad variety of areas. As increasing processing power, being networked and having more multiple and complicated functionality, the embedded systems used in control systems have more issues to be resolved. In many cases, design constraints are applied to the entire life‐cycle of the embedded systems. There are stakeholders involved in the systems through the life‐cycle and they play their roles in each stage of the life‐cycle. However, concerns of all of the stakeholders are less taken care of. Challenges to develop networked embedded systems for control systems are to maximize all of the stakeholders' satisfactions through the entire life‐cycle in addition to satisfy several constraints. This paper discusses architectures of networked embedded systems from a perspective of stakeholders' satisfactions. We present the stakeholders and their standpoints, composition of networked embedded systems and architectures, then pros and cons of the architectures from each stakeholder's view.
The Mission Dependency Index: Fallacies and Misuses
Authors: Kujawski Edouard , Miller Gregory 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe U.S. infrastructure is extensive and faces performance, physical deterioration, natural disaster, terrorism, and social challenges. The problem is further compounded by the fact that funds are limited. Decision‐makers need to prioritize their assets on the basis of risk and allocate budgets accordingly. The response to this situation has been the quest for a simple equation that quantifies risk in terms of ordinal numbers. Unfortunately, most proposed risk indices are seriously flawed and likely to lead to bad decisions. This paper first focuses on the Mission Dependency Index (MDI) as an example of an over‐simplified model that has gained wide acceptance for ranking facility risk. It then proposes the Operational Risk Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (ORFMEA) as a rational method for analyzing potential threats to facilities and link to missions. The ORFMEA enhances the standard Operational Risk Management (ORM) assessment by incorporating vulnerability and facility/mission time criticality.
Improved Corporate Search Engine for the National (Australian) Spatial Information Management System: Case Study
Authors: Crawford Richard , Nesterov Sergey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPaper presents case study of the evolution of the National Spatial Information Management System (NSIMS). It also describes trade‐off analysis approach used to compare different Search Engines for NSIMS. Paper addresses design considerations of the Improved Corporate Search Engine (ICSE) recently developed in Australia. The architecture of the NSIMS has been described, as well as existing search engine capabilities and limitations. Two key areas for search engine improvements have been identified: (1) search context information usage for data relevance criteria application in a search algorithm; (2) user interfaces for entering search requests and query results presentations. Paper presents technical details of ICSE implementation and discussion of characteristics of the proposed improvements in the identified areas. Practical evaluation technique of the search engine efficiency has been proposed and results of trade‐off analysis discussed.Paper sections:
National Spatial Information System Overview
Existing Search Engine Capabilities and NSIMS Limitations
The Research Problem and Solution Approach
System and Data Analysis
Trade‐off Study between Existing and Proposed Search Engine
Conclusion
Cooperative Education of Systems Engineering and Embedded System
Authors: Inoue Masahiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCollege of Systems Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology has been conducting systems engineering educations to all undergraduate students in the college for seventeen years. Engineers with system architecture design and project management abilities are required in the field of embedded system development. In universities, however, educations are mainly focused on computer science and programming; systems engineering and project management education have been disregarded. We implemented educational curriculum of Systems Engineering and Project Management in Embedded System for graduate program. In this paper the course design, execution and evaluation are described.
6.6.2 Determining the right solution using SysML and model based systems engineering (MBSE) for trade studies
Authors: Bleakley Graham , Lapping Andrew , Whitfield Adrian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith the recent widespread adoption of the Object Management Group (OMG) Systems Modeling Language (SysML) by the systems engineering community to properly capture system requirements, functional and architectural design, and detailed interfaces and design characteristics, it is a natural next step to apply SysML with proven trade study techniques to leverage a robust approach through which to explore the design space and ensure coverage of nonfunctional and performance requirements. This paper not only shows this robust technique with Model Driven Systems Engineering (MBSE) and SysML, but it also provides a methodology that enables users to properly explore the design space with execution analysis—all from within the design model, something that was often missing from previous techniques around trade study analysis. Having access to the proposed design solutions and being able to perform trade‐off analysis from within an engineering model has numerous benefits, which this paper discusses.
9.2.2 Challenges in supporting the creation of data minable regulatory codes: a literature review
Authors: Wnuk Krzysztof , Berenbach Brian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs standards and regulatory codes are issued by third party organizations and committees, the project organization can neither control the content of all standards that the projects should adhere to, nor negotiate or make changes to them that can make the project development easier. Moreover, large infrastructure projects require compliance with hundreds of standards of regulations coming from different agencies, with different styles and structures. A new approach is needed, one that results in well written, easily mined standard and codes. In this paper, we report on findings from an exhaustive literature survey that reveals that the area of supporting drafting of regulatory codes for the purpose of making them more data minable has not yet been explored.
3.5.2 Tesperanto – A Model‐Based System Specification Methodology and Language
Authors: Blekhman Alex , Dori Dov 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTechnical requirements, specifications, and standards are fundamental documents that serve all the stages of the systems engineering management process. This paper presents Tesperanto – “Technical Esperanto” – a model‐based methodology and language for authoring, analysis, design, and testing of system specifications, and its integrated development environment. Tesperanto is an English text that is generated automatically from the evolving graphical model of the system being specified, creating corresponding textmodel representation of technical information. Tesperanto was evaluated in a case study over a period of more than two years by a multi‐national group of systems engineering and enterprise management experts as a means to enhance text in ISO international standards. The evaluation showed that Tesperanto improves the consistency and quality of standards and can potentially be of similar value for other kinds of technical documents.
4.5.3 V‐Model Views
Authors: Scheithauer Dieter , Forsberg Kevin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe V‐model is the most popular iconic illustration within systems engineering. Originally derived from the waterfall model to give a notion of a system's architecture, the V‐model today is used widely in systems engineering training, and for communicating systems engineering ideas and concepts in the systems engineering community and beyond. The contemporary understanding of the V‐model is still based on definitions established more than two decades ago. Since then, systems engineering has advanced in directions beyond the systems engineering scenarios of the past. Systems‐of‐systems, value stream thinking in systems engineering, and systems engineering outreach into commercial sectors challenge the current common interpretation of the V‐model. It is the intention of this paper to establish a set of consistent V‐model views integrating central systems engineering concepts and maintaining the central role of the V‐model for communication within the systems engineering community and beyond.
4.3.2 Systems of Innovation II: The Emergence of Purpose
Authors: Schindel William D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEngineers design mindful of thepurposeof a system. So, engineering conceptual definitions of the concept of “system” frequently include the idea of purpose.However, we also use “system” to describe things not human‐designed. We might refer to purpose in living systems, as in the immune system, but biologists use “function” to avoid this. What about inanimate natural systems? Do Saturn's rings have a purpose, or function? And what about pathologies, when systems don't work as they “should”? Do all these “systems” terms and concepts serve us well across these different domains, or are some force‐fit?Using the language of Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Pattern‐Based Systems Engineering (PBSE), this paper describes a framework in which “system” and “purpose” emerge at different levels, apply uniformly, naturally, or not at all, and inform. The framework is the Systems of Innovation (SOI) Pattern.Practical benefitsinclude insights into the nature of innovation across these domains, improving ability to performinnovativesystems engineering.
Aqueous two‐phase/reverse micelle continuous process for recycling and simultaneous purification of polar ionic liquid from enzymatic hydrolysate
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Li Qiang , Kang Guoping , Ji Gengsheng , Tang Yubin , Tu Jie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, ionic liquid (IL) involved pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of cellulose toward biofuel have attracted extensive attention. However, separation and recycling of ionic liquid from enzymatic hydrolysate pose challenges to their large‐scale application. Almost all present work has focused on the recovery rate of IL, but little work has been done to analyze the purity and functioning of recovered IL. In this work, IL was recycled and purified from hydrolysis mixtures using an aqueous two‐phase/reverse micelle process (APTs/RM).RESULTSAn ionic liquid recovery yield of 92.3% and purity of 99.1% was obtained from the aqueous two‐phase and reverse micelles extraction process with optimized parameters. Impurities (e.g. lignin, HCO3−, (NH4)2SO4 and enzyme protein) were removed from the ionic liquid. When recycling over 10 runs, the APTs/RM process has distinct advantage over other reported recovery methods.CONCLUSIONIt is demonstrated that the APTs/RM process is efficient for recycling and simultaneous purification of polar ionic liquid from an enzymatic hydrolysate mxiture. This method is potentially sustainable, efficient, and attractive for large‐scale application. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic behavior of an island power system with variable‐pitch wind turbines under high renewable energy penetration and high wind speed
Authors: Chen Meng‐Jen , Wu Yu‐Chi , Liu Guo‐Tsair , Lin Sen‐Fong 
Published: November 2014

SummaryHigh penetration of renewable energy in a power system may cause the problem of power dispatching and stability. The detailed dynamic behavior analysis for such a system is therefore important to the planning and operation of the power system. This study discussed the dynamic characteristics of an island power system with variable‐pitch wind turbines under high wind speed and high small hydraulic output power. The system primarily consisted of three diesel engine power generation systems, three constant‐speed variable‐pitch wind turbines, a small hydraulic induction generation system, and lumped static loads. The maximum penetration of renewable energy in this system could reach almost 60%. Detailed models based on MATLAB/Simulink were developed to cater for the dynamic behavior of the system. The results suggested that this island power system can operate stably in this operational mode with the help of variable‐pitch wind turbines. This study can serve as an important reference for planning, operation, and further expansion of island power systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intranasal steroid injections and blindness: Our personal experience and a review of the past 60 years
Authors: Moss William J. , Kjos Kari B. , Karnezis Tom T. , Lebovits Marc J. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess for the safety of intranasal steroid injections.Study DesignRetrospective chart review and review of the medical literature.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients with chronic rhinitis or sinusitis underwent 237 intraturbinate or intrapolyp triamcinolone acetonide injections between April 2008 and June 2013 at a single, private, outpatient otolaryngology clinic. A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate for treatment complications, symptom improvement, and demographic data.A PubMed literature search was performed for all case series extracting the incidence of visual complications following intranasal steroid injections. All published reports of visual complications from these series and independent case reports were compiled and analyzed.ResultsOf the 237 injections performed, 152 were intraturbinate and 85 were intrapolyp. One of the intrapolyp injections resulted in a transient visual change that resolved spontaneously.Nine other case series meeting the search criteria were found. Of the reported 117,669 injections performed, three resulted in visual complications yielding an estimated visual complication rate of 0.003%. All three of these events resolved spontaneously and resulted in no permanent visual deficits. A total of 19 reports of visual complications following intranasal steroid injections were discovered. Of these, the majority have insufficient detail regarding the injection technique or cite gross deviation from the correct injection protocol.ConclusionIntranasal steroid injections are a safe treatment for chronic rhinitis and sinusitis patients. When performed correctly, there is evidence to justify the use of methylprednisolone acetate or triamcinolone acetonide injections into the inferior turbinates and nasal polyps.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 125:796–800, 2015
Unveiling the correlation between non‐diffracting tractor beam and its singularity in Poynting vector
Authors: Gao Dongliang , Novitsky Andrey , Zhang Tianhang , Cheong Fook Chiong , Gao Lei , Lim Chwee Teck , Luk'yanchuk Boris , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the singular optics of nonparaxial light beams in the near field when the light behaves as a tractor beam. New insights into the optical pulling force, which is usually represented by integrating the stress tensor at a black box enclosing the object, are interpreted by the optical singularity of the Poynting vector. The negative nonconservative pulling force originates from the transfer of the azimuthal Poynting vector to the longitudinal component partly owing to the presence of a scatterer. The separatrice pattern and singularity shifts of the Poynting vector unanimously exhibit a differentiable near‐field distribution in the presence of optical pulling force. A new method is established to calculate the near‐field optical force using the differential Poynting vector in the far field. The results obtained provide a clear physical interpretation of the light–matter interaction and manifest the significance of singular optics in manipulating objects.
image
Guiding light through optical bound states in the continuum for ultrahigh‐Q microresonators
Authors: Zou Chang‐Ling , Cui Jin‐Ming , Sun Fang‐Wen , Xiong Xiao , Zou Xu‐Bo , Han Zheng‐Fu , Guo Guang‐Can 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLight is usually confined in photonic structures with a band gap or relatively high refractive index for broad scientific and technical applications. Here, a light confinement mechanism is proposed based on the photonic bound state in the continuum (BIC). In a low‐refractive‐index waveguide on a high‐refractive‐index thin membrane, optical dissipation is forbidden because of the destructive interference of various leakage channels. The BIC‐based low‐mode‐area waveguide and high‐Q microresonator can be used to enhance light–matter interaction for laser, nonlinear optical and quantum optical applications. For example, a polymer structure on a diamond membrane shows excellent optical performance that can be achieved with large fabrication tolerance. It can induce strong coupling between photons and the nitrogen–vacancy center in diamond for scalable quantum information processors and networks.
image
Evaluating the potential effects from probabilistic selling of similar products
Authors: Xiao Yongbo , Chen Jian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this article, we consider an online retailer who sells two similar products (A and B) over a finite selling period. Any stock left at the end of the period has no value (like clothes going out of fashion at the end of a season). Aside from selling the products at regular prices, he may offer an additional option that sells a probabilistic good, “A or B,” at a discounted price. Whenever a customer buys a probabilistic good, he needs to assign one of the products for the fulfillment. Considering the choice behavior of potential customers, we model the problem using continuous‐time, discrete‐state, finite‐horizon dynamic programming. We study the optimal admission decisions and devise two scenarios, whose value functions can be used as benchmarks to evaluate the demand induction effect and demand dilution effect of probabilistic selling (PS). We further investigate an extension of the base MDP (Markov Decision Process) model in which the fulfillment of probabilistic sales is uncontrollable by the retailer. A special case of the extended model can be used as a benchmark to quantify the potential inventory pooling effect of PS. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the overall profit improvement, and the effects from adopting the PS strategy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 604–620, 2014
Developmental Defects in the Spine: Initial Findings in Archaeological Cases from Córdoba Highlands (Argentina)
Authors: Fabra M. , Salega S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCongenital disorders are pathologies rarely found in archaeological cases. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases, and a growing interest in understanding their development and implication as genetic markers within certain collections. In the central region of Argentina, researchers have begun to focus on issues related to the health of prehispanic populations from a bioarchaeological perspective. Between 1999 and 2012 our research group recovered, by rescue archaeological activities, a total number of 62 individuals from different archaeological sites in the province of Córdoba, from which only three individuals with pathologies classified as congenital were recorded (4.83%). Radiocarbon and contextual information sets these individuals in the late Holocene (2156 ± 86 and 920 ± 20 14C years BP). Hence, this work aims at presenting two pathological conditions deriving from congenital developmental abnormalities that arise during the first three months of pregnancy: (a) Klippel–Feil syndrome (type II) which was suffered by the individuals from the sites of Guasmara and El Vado, and (b) central sagittal fissure of the vertebral body or ‘butterfly vertebra’ as in the case of one individual from La Calera. We also analyse other lesions in these skeletons that may be associated with the conditions mentioned above, and we provide a thorough interpretation from an osteobiographical perspective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrahigh‐performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–LTQ/Orbitrap/MS/MS) Study of Phenolic Profile of Serbian Poplar Type Propolis
Authors: Ristivojević Petar , Trifković Jelena , Gašić Uroš , Andrić Filip , Nedić Nebojša , Tešić Živoslav , Milojković‐Opsenica Dušanka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionPropolis is a resinous natural substance collected by honeybees from different plant sources. Due to the presence of various phytochemicals, this bee‐product exhibits numerous biological activities, including anti‐bacterial, anti‐viral, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, immunostimulating and anti‐tumour effects. As the chemical composition and biological activity of propolis depend on its botanical and geographical origin, searching for new bioactive substances in various types of propolis from unexplored regions is of great importance.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is the evaluation of the phenolic profile of poplar propolis samples in order to characterise Serbian propolis, to identify possible new constituents and to specify the phenolic components relevant for differentiation of poplar propolis samples into two subgroups through simultaneous analysis of poplar bud extracts.MethodsEthanolic extracts of propolis and poplar buds were comprehensively analysed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid mass spectrometry, which combines the linear trap quadrupole and Orbitrap MS/MS mass analyser together with chemometric methods.ResultsExtensive fingerprint analysis of Serbian propolis was achieved for the first time. Seventy‐five phenolic compounds were detected. Eight of them were identified in propolis for the first time. Pattern‐recognition methods applied to the content of ten quantified phenolics verified the existence of two subgroups of propolis, with galangin, chrysin and pinocembrin as the most influential distinguishing factors.ConclusionThe phenolic composition of the analysed propolis samples confirm their affiliation to the European poplar type propolis and the existence of two subgroups according to botanical origin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chain transfer reactions in the polymerization of vinyl chloride
Authors: Lím D. , Kolínský M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe participation of chain transfer reactions in the polymerization of vinyl chloride in solutions has been elucidated. Isopropyl chloride, 2,4‐dichloropentane, and 2,4,6‐trichloroheptane were used as solvents. The transfer constants for the solvents were determined (Ca at 50°C. for dimer and trimer equals to 5 × 10−4), which allows estimation of the value of chain transfer with polyvinyl chloride molecules in solution.
Heterogeneous catalysis of isobutylene polymerization
Authors: Wichterle O. , Marek M. , Trekoval I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe isothermal polymerization of isobutylene in hexane has been investigated. The reaction was carried out with the use of a previously described insoluble catalyst complex. The critical ratio of TiCl4‐insoluble complex (sec.‐butylaluminum saturated with BF3) has been determined and found equal to a molar ratio of Ti/Al of 0.25. Deviation from this proportion by excess of any component does not accelerate the polymerization reaction. It follows from kinetic measurements that the rate of polymerization is first order with respect to the catalyst. The rate is expressed by the following equations: Rp = k[Ti] for Ti/Al < 0.25 and R′p = k′[Al] for Ti/Al < 0.25. The resultant polymers possess a higher coefficient of polydispersity. This indicates a rise in the temperature of the catalyst surface in the process of polymerization.