bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecology of large carnivores in the highlands of northern Ethiopia
Authors: Yirga Gidey , De Iongh Hans H. , Leirs Herwig , Gebrehiwot Kindeya , Berhe Gebrehiwot , Asmelash Tsehaye , Gebrehiwot Haftu , Bauer Hans 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe degradation and fragmentation of the northern Ethiopian highlands has resulted in frequent encounters of large carnivores with humans and their livestock. We interviewed 500 randomly selected households to estimate economic impact of livestock predation by spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), leopard (Panthera pardus) and jackal (Canis aureus aureus) in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. The annual mean economic loss per household was approximately U.S.$ 20.2, about 7% of the average annual income of households in the area. Households surveyed reported losses of a total of 3122 livestock to hyaena, leopard and jackal predation over the past 5 years. This loss equated to a total financial loss of U.S.$ 50,381. Livestock predation incidents of spotted hyaena, leopard and jackal demonstrated that spotted hyaena had a preference for dog, donkey, goat and sheep; leopard for goat, dog and sheep; and jackal for goat and sheep. Livestock predation of spotted hyaena and leopard were mainly during the night. We conclude that assessing depredation problems is important to develop actions for management of either livestock practices or wildlife conservation.
How to dress as a paediatrician?
Authors: Hofmann Julia , Zotter Heinz , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  Do different clothing styles have an influence on the doctor–patient–parent relationship and which kind of outfit is preferred by children and parents.Methods:  One hundred and seven children and 72 parents were visited by a paediatrician randomly wearing one of the three different outfits (casual, semiformal, formal) during a hospital stay. Parents and children between 6 and 18 years were then interviewed about their opinion by use of a semi‐structured questionnaire, while children between 0 and 6 years were observed concerning their behaviour during the examination.Results:  Using a ‘likert scale’, the casual outfit received the best mark by 95.5% of parents (58.3% in the semiformal, 30.8% in the formal group). The degree of the parents’ trust in the paediatrician was comparable in all three groups. In children between 6 and 18 years, the casual dress was rated highest in 100%. In children between 0 and 6 years, the outfit had no significant influence on the patients’ behaviour.Conclusion:  Apparently, parents do not only tolerate a casual outfit, but even prefer it without any loss of trust. The same holds true for children between 6 and 18 years. For younger children, the paediatricians’ outfit seems to play no major role.
Anthropometric estimates of total and regional body fat in children aged 6–17 years
Authors: Flavel Nicole A , Olds Timothy S , Buckley Jonathan D , Haren Matthew T , Petkov John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  To develop prediction equations for total and regional (trunk, abdominal, arms and legs) body fat using surface anthropometric measures in children aged 6–17 years.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional correlation study of 70 Caucasian children aged 6–17 years recruited from a larger randomly sampled population‐based study. The independent variables included age, mass, height, body mass index, waist and hip girth, and skinfold thicknesses at eight sites. Subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio was also calculated and entered as an independent variable. The dependent variables were total body percentage fat, and fat mass for total body, trunk, abdominal region of interest, arms and legs measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Partial least squares regression was used to determine the best predictive equation for fat percentage or fat mass in each body region in each sex.Results:  Sex‐specific prediction equations were developed with high coefficients of determination (r2), ranging from 0.869 to 0.936 in boys and from 0.900 to 0.979 in girls, absolute bias was low, and limits of agreement were narrow.Conclusion:  Equations were developed, which were able to predict total and regional body fat of Caucasian children aged 6–17 years using surface anthropometric measurements with high predictive accuracy.
Dyspepsia is strongly associated with major depression and generalised anxiety disorder ‐ a community study
Authors: Mak A. D. P. , Wu J. C. Y. , Chan Y. , Chan F. K. L. , Sung J. J. Y. , Lee S. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe relationship between dyspepsia and psychiatric comorbidity such as anxiety and depression is poorly defined. Previous studies have been limited by lack of standardised diagnostic criteria.AimTo examine the prevalence and comorbidity of dyspepsia as defined by Rome III (6‐month duration) with DSM‐IV‐TR generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episodes (MDE) in the general population.MethodsA random population‐based telephone survey was done using a questionnaire on symptoms of Rome III Dyspepsia, DSM‐IV‐TR GAD and MDE and their chronological relationship.ResultsOf the 2011 respondents 8.0% currently had Rome III Dyspepsia, 3.8% reported GAD and 12.4% reported MDE respectively. Dyspeptic subjects had a twofold increased risk of GAD (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06–3.89, P < 0.001) and a threefold increased risk of MDE (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.33–5.43, P < 0.001). MDE and GAD most often coincided with dyspepsia in onset. Dyspepsia (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.65–3.72 P < 0.001), MDE (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.64–3.46, P < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.21–2.23, P < 0.001) independently predicted frequent medical consultations. GAD independently predicted high investigation expenditure (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.15–18.70, P = 0.03).ConclusionsWith stringently adopted Rome III and DSM‐IV‐TR criteria, dyspepsia was strongly associated and often coincident in onset with generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive episodes in the community. Excessive healthcare utilisation should alert clinicians to risk of psychiatric comorbidity.
Never mind what I like, it's who I am that matters: an investigation into social pedagogy as a method to enhance the involvement of young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Carter Sid , Cameron Fergus , Houghton Jenny , Walton Michelle 
Published: September 2012

Accessible summary

Children and young people with learning disabilities should be involved in decisions that affect them, including having a say in how their services are run.
In practice, it is difficult to achieve involvement, as service providers can treat young people with disabilities and their families as ‘shoppers’ rather than really listening to them. It can also be hard to find out exactly how individuals feel, because of their difficulties with language and complicated information.
Social pedagogy is an approach to working with children who sees them as equals. The study used these ideas to run a group to involve young people with learning disabilities who used short break services.
The research found that social pedagogy was a good way to improve involvement, as it helped to build trusting and equal relationships between young people with learning disabilities and the adults who worked with them.

SummaryThe involvement of children and young people with learning disabilities in the decision‐making of the services they use is recognised as an essential principle. However, implementation of this principle has encountered two main obstacles. One obstacle is that meaningful involvement has largely been subsumed by a provider‐driven consumerist agenda. A second obstacle is the lack of methods to gain feedback that take account of an individual's cognitive and linguistic impairments. This article reports on the use of the social pedagogy approach to attempt to overcome these obstacles. The findings show that social pedagogy, which emphasises a balance between ‘head, heart and hands’, provided a means to establish egalitarian relationships with young people with learning disabilities. Thus, social pedagogy was found to be effective in enhancing involvement in the context of a person‐centred approach.
Impact of age, phenotype and cardio‐renal function on plasma C‐type and B‐type natriuretic peptide forms in an adult population
Authors: Prickett T. C. R. , Olney R. C. , Cameron V. A. , Ellis M. J. , Richards A. M. , Espiner E. A. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryContextIn contrast to the cardiac hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), variations in plasma concentrations of C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in healthy adults are ill‐defined, limiting their clinical application.ObjectiveOur objective was to define the effect of age, phenotype (gender, height, BMI), and cardiac and renal function on plasma CNPs in an adults population without renal or cardiovascular disease.Design and settingThis was a prospective cross‐sectional observational study of adult volunteers, aged 21–80 years, randomly selected from the electoral roll.Subjects and methodsPlasma CNP and its associated aminoterminal propeptide (NTproCNP) were measured in 258 subjects and related to age, gender, height and plasma creatinine. Subgroup analyses seeking associations with cardiac function (plasma BNP and NTproBNP) and bone turnover bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) were also determined.ResultsPlasma concentrations of CNPs in men continued to decline from adolescent values to reach a nadir in the 5th decade after which values increased. Similar but less marked changes occurred in women. In both sexes, NTproCNP was inversely and independently correlated with height. In contrast to B‐type natriuretic peptides (BNPs), NTproCNP was higher in men, significantly related to creatinine and positively related to bALP.ConclusionsGender‐ and age‐specific changes affect CNPs in adults. Inverse associations of NTproCNP with adult height, positive correlation with creatinine – and in contrast to CNP – no association with BNP are further unique findings distinguishing NTproCNP, which need to be considered in future studies.
Rate of Change in Physical Fitness and Quality of Life and Depression Following Exercise Training in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Smart Neil A. , Murison Robert 
Published: September 2012

©2012 Wiley Periodicals, inc.Exercise training appears to improve peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and quality of life (QOL) in heart failure patients, although disease etiology, patient demographics and medication may alter the rate of adaptation. The authors sought to identify rate of change from baseline in fitness, QOL, and depression following exercise training in a cohort of patients with congestive heart failure. Thirty male systolic heart failure patients (aged 63.8±8.3 years, baseline peak VO2 12.2±4.8 mL/kg/min, left ventricular ejection fraction 28.2±9.4%, New York Heart Association class II/II 22/8) undertook 52 weeks of exercise training, 16 weeks as an outpatient and a further 36 weeks of home exercise. Peak VO2 and QOL was measured using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure (MLWHF) questionnaire and depression using the Hare‐Davis scale. The authors analyzed the rate of change in peak VO2 and MLWHF after grouping patients according to clinical, demographic, and pharmacologic characteristics. Peak VO2 measurements varied over time, with no effect of disease pathology or β‐blocker on peak VO2. The rate of change in physical MLWHF score was significantly greater (improved) during 0 to 16 weeks in patients with dilated pathology, but was not significantly affected by β‐blocker use or age. The exercise training venue and supervision, or lack thereof, is the major determinant of adaptation to the intervention in heart failure patients, although age, β‐adrenergic medication, and heart failure etiology also explain some of the variation in adaptive responses observed.
Relationship of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Myocardial Biopsy in the Evaluation of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dickerson Jennifer A. , Raman Subha V. , Baker Peter M. , Leier Carl V. 
Published: September 2012

©2012 Wiley Periodicals, inc.This study was performed to determine the relative role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in the evaluation of cardiomyopathy. Sixty‐six patients with a clinical diagnosis of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy or restrictive cardiomyopathy underwent both EMB and CMR imaging as part of their diagnostic evaluation. The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of these two methods to determine their diagnostic impact and congruency. CMR imaging provided data on cardiac anatomy, left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in 85% of the patients, uncovered fibrosis in 31%, myocardial ischemia in 7%, and fibrofatty infiltration in two patients. EMB provided the histologic findings of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in 77% of patients and substantial interstitial fibrosis in 59%. Six patients had EMB‐proven amyloid heart disease, which was detected by CMR imaging in two. CMR imaging showed patterns of late gadolinium enhancement supportive of infiltrative disease or inflammation in 6 patients with EMB‐proven definite (n=3) or borderline (n=3) myocarditis, but failed to do so in two other patients with borderline and two with resolving myocarditis. At the present time, CMR imaging and EMB remain complementary procedures in the evaluation of cardiomyopathic conditions.
Estimating migratory fish distribution from altitude and basin area: a case study in a large Neotropical river
Authors: BARRADAS JOSÉ RICARDO S. , SILVA LUCAS G. , HARVEY BRET C. , FONTOURA NELSON F. 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal distribution patterns of large migratory fish species in the Uruguay River basin, southern Brazil, and construct statistical distribution models for Salminus brasiliensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Leporinus obtusidens and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans.2. The sampling programme resulted in 202 interviews with old residents and fishermen at 167 different sampling sites in the major rivers of the basin. Interviewees were asked whether these fish species were present in the nearby river segment, recently or in the past. The average age of respondents was 56 years, and the great majority had resided for more than 30 years in the area where they were interviewed.3. Fish distribution patterns were modelled using altitude and basin area as environmental descriptors. Distributional patterns were estimated using logistic equations (LOGIT): , where Al is the altitude and BA is the basin area.4. Accuracies of the distribution models were between 77 and 85%. These accuracies are similar to those of published distribution models for other fishes based on larger numbers of environmental descriptors.5. The historical distributional ranges make clear that all operating or planned large hydropower dams in the Uruguay River basin, with one exception, limit or will limit the distribution of migratory fishes.
Cutaneous findings in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Schepis Carmelo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe link between pediatric dermatology and intellectual disabilities (ID) is revised, according to the author's personal experience and the existing published work. Cutaneous manifestations in children with ID can be: (i) a key element to reach a diagnosis, as in neurodermatoses; (ii) a peculiar sign to define a complex syndrome; (iii) linked to behavioral features; (iv) iatrogenic, caused by drugs, as a side‐effect; and (v) independent from ID.
Pediatric case report: Clinical profile of a patient with PCWH with p.Q377X nonsense mutation in the SOX10 gene
Authors: Oshimo Tomoko , Fukai Kazuyoshi , Abe Yuko , Hozumi Yutaka , Yokoi Toshiaki , Tanaka Akemi , Yamanishi Kiyofumi , Ishii Masamitsu , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a Japanese patient with PCWH, a neurological variant of Waardenburg type 4. Direct sequencing of the genomic DNA obtained from peripheral leukocytes revealed the p.Q377X nonsense mutation in the SOX10 gene. The patient had mottled hypopigmented macules on the trunk since birth; such macules have not been described previously. The so‐called “white forelock”, a triangular or diamond shaped leukoderma on the forehead, was absent. We also reviewed and summarized the outcomes of 23 patients with Waardenburg syndrome type 4, PCWH and Yemenite deaf–blind hypopigmentation syndrome, in which SOX10 mutations were identified. Among them, 17 cases were reported to have hypopigmented skin macule(s). The five patients who had the white forelock had PCWH with severe neurological complications. Paradoxically, two cases had hyperpigmented spots. Heterochromia of the iris was reported in four patients.
Mineralogical composition of sediment determines the preference for smooth particles by caddisfly larvae during case construction
Authors: OKANO JUN‐ICHI , KIKUCHI EISUKE , SASAKI OSAMU , OHI SHUGO 
Published: September 2012

1. The mineralogical/petrological composition of the substratum influences aquatic organisms in several ways. However, the actual mechanisms are often unclear. Some caddisfly larvae actively concentrate smooth quartz particles in their portable cases thus producing a smooth inner surface of the case wall.2. The particle surface‐roughness preference of Perissoneura paradoxa (Odontoceridae) McLachlan inhabiting granite areas in relation to the mineral composition and surface roughness of sediment particles was examined.3. Field surveys revealed that quartz was consistently smoother than other minerals but that it became rougher in larger size fractions, and the relative abundance of quartz decreased in larger size fractions. Consequently, smooth particles were less abundant in larger size fractions of the sediment. When larval cases were compared with sediment, quartz was actively concentrated in smaller cases of early instar larvae but was gradually less abundant in larger cases of well‐grown larvae. Because larvae use larger particles as they grow, late instar larvae develop an unselective choice of mineral types.4. Subsequently, we experimentally forced the larvae to choose from a mixture of equal amounts of two artificial particles that had different textures (rough and smooth). The proportion of smooth particles chosen by larvae gradually decreased as they grew larger.5. These results indicate that the larvae varied in their degree of preference according to particle availability in the surrounding sediment, which is governed by mineral composition and weatherability. We suggest that case‐bearing caddisfly can adapt to the local sediment environments by varying their standard and/or criteria for material choice. In this study, the possible mechanism for the variation is discussed.
Sterile stockinette in orthopaedic surgery: a possible pathway for infection
Authors: Boekel Pamela , Blackshaw Rachel , Van Bavel Dirk , Riazi Arash , Hau Raphael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of infection in joint replacement surgery is important. Preparing and draping the patient is fundamental to maintaining sterility of the operative field. One method of draping for total knee replacement (TKR) surgery involves cleaning the operative leg with antiseptic wash then covering the un‐prepped foot with a sterile stockinette to sequester the foot from the sterile field. There are two main methods for applying this stockinette. This randomized, blinded control trial simulates stockinette application to assess if it prevents proximal microbial migration into the sterile field.MethodTo simulate microbial presence, ultraviolet fluorescent powder Glitterbug PowderTM (Arrow Scientific Pty Ltd, Lane Cove, NSW, Australia) was applied to volunteers' feet to the level where antiseptic wash would routinely stop during preparation. The stockinette was applied. Two methods of application (above and below knee) and two surgeons were used. These were randomized for each application. The drapes were removed and a blinded assistant measured the distance of proximal spread of Glitterbug PowderTM.ResultsBoth methods of application were associated with considerable proximal spread of Glitterbug PowderTM. For the below knee method, mean proximal spread distance of 49.19%; for the above knee, mean of 71.8% proximal spread (P = 0.038). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that method and location of the contamination were predictive of the area of contamination and the percentage of the leg contaminated. No other factors (surgeon, gender, hirsute score) were predictive of either area or percentage contamination.ConclusionThe surgical field for TKRs may be contaminated by significant proximal microbial spread from the unprepared foot with the use of a sterile stockinette drape.
Multi‐site videoconference tutorials for medical students in Australia
Authors: Smith Anthony C. , White Megan M. , McBride Craig A. , Kimble Roy M. , Armfield Nigel R. , Ware Robert S. , Coulthard Mark G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAbout two‐thirds of medical students are distributed among the major metropolitan tertiary teaching hospitals in Queensland, while the remainder are sent to regional hospitals up to 500 km away. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting surgical tutorials via videoconferencing (VC) for medical students undertaking at remote hospitals.MethodsSurgical tutorials were offered to final‐year medical students at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) in Brisbane and shared by VC to students undertaking clinical placement at nine remotely located hospitals in Queensland. We have conducted a retrospective review of service activity, student satisfaction and subject scores from 2008 to 2010. The main outcome measures were VC activity, medical students' satisfaction and student exam results pre‐ and post‐introduction of the surgical tutorial programme.ResultsBetween March 2009 and November 2010, a total of 57 VC tutorials were conducted during nine rotations for a total of 669 students. Approximately, 35% of students (236) attended tutorials face‐to‐face at the RCH while the remainder (including those at the Mater Children's Hospital in Brisbane and eight regional sites) participated via VC. A snapshot survey to measure satisfaction of both groups of students showed that overall satisfaction was very high. A total of 299 students completed the paediatrics and child health multiple‐station assessment task exam in 2008, 326 in 2009 and 382 in 2010. The pre‐intervention (tutorials not delivered by VC) median scores (interquartile range) of surgical and non‐surgical questions were 5 (4–6) and 23 (21–25). Post‐intervention, surgical scores increased significantly to 6 (5–7) (P < 0.001), while non‐surgical scores remained similar at 23 (21–25) (P = 0.64).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that VC is a feasible and effective method of engaging medical students regardless of their location. VC provides equitable access to medical teaching for medical students undertaking remote clinical placements.