bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of space changes in the lower dental arch after the premature unit loss of a primary molar: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Souza Bruna Borges , Evangelista Maria Eduarda , Andriani Juliana da Silva Pereira , Cardoso Mariane , Miranda Santana Carla , Bolan Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremature loss of primary teeth presents a significant challenge in oral health, with conflicting views on using space maintainers.AimTo assess mandibular arch space changes associated with premature lower primary molar (PM) loss with or without a space maintainer.DesignA randomized clinical trial with children (6–9 years old) with premature loss of a lower PM divided into two groups: control group (CG), without a space maintainer, and intervention group (IG), with a space maintainer. Dental casts were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Linear distance; intercanine width and length; and arch width, length, and perimeter were measured. ANOVA and t‐test were applied (p = .05).ResultsTwenty‐six patients (mean: 7.3 years; standard deviation [SD]: 0.92) were included: 14 in CG and 12 in IG. CG had a greater space loss (−0.9 mm; SD: 0.45) than IG (−0.4 mm; SD: 0.61) at 3 months (p < .05). No difference between the groups was observed after 6 months (p = .610). CG decreases space at 6 months, especially with the first permanent molars without intercuspation (−2 mm; SD: 0.71; p = .007).ConclusionPremature lower PM loss resulted in reduced arch space loss after 6 months, regardless of a space maintainer use. CG showed more loss of space when the first permanent molars lacked intercuspal relationship.
The meaning of adulthood for emerging adults with Down syndrome: Parent perspectives on relevant skills
Authors: Long Katherine L. , Karimi Atefeh , Mini Antonella , Stephens Dionne P. , Nelson Eliza L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundParents' conceptualizations of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome have the potential to impact the transition planning process as families prepare for life after graduation.AimsThis study aimed to explore parent perceptions of the meaning of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we interviewed 11 parents of emerging adults with Down syndrome using phenomenological methodology and analysed these data using thematic analysis.ResultsThree topics emerged: (1) Parents' constructions of the meaning of adulthood; (2) Parents' perceptions about the transition to adulthood; and (3) Parents' perceptions of current adult life skills. Ten themes arose out of these topics.ConclusionsParents expressed ambivalence about the meaning of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome, sharing that in some ways they were adults and in others they were not. The meaning of adulthood was closely tied to obtained skills, particularly those related to personal safety.
A systematic review of sex and gender differences in treatment outcome of inflammatory skin diseases: Is it time for new guidelines?
Authors: Preis S. , Ziehfreund S. , Biedermann T. , Horster S. , Zink A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGender‐ and sex‐specific differences in medicine were long‐time disregarded. Despite numerous indications of gender‐ and sex‐specific influences on the treatment of dermatological conditions, these have not yet been systematically investigated.ObjectivesTo meet this unmet need, we conducted the present systematic review on the topic of gender and sex differences in the treatement outcome of skin diseases.MethodsEmbase (via Ovid), PubMed Medline and Web of Science were searched, in between January 2001 and December 2022. English and german randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts and case–control studies that examined differences between men and women in treatment outcomes of skin diseases were included.ResultsTwo authors independently screened the reports for eligibility, one extracted all data (the second double‐checked) and critically appraised the quality and risk of bias of the studies. Eighty‐three reports were included. The largest share of the identified publications focused on gender differences in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (n = 49), followed by melanoma (n = 8) and sporadic studies (n < 5) of inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune skin diseases. The main topics in which gender differences could be identified were choice of treatment, time to initiation of treatment, therapy response, adverse events, adherence and treatment satisfaction. For psoriasis, gender differences could be found in all aspects, while for the other skin diseases specific publications on gender differences are still missing.ConclusionsThis systematic review shows numerous gender differences but also reveals major gaps in gender‐specific care in dermatology which should be narrowed in the upcoming years to optimize a patient‐centred, individualized, gender‐equal healthcare. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022306626.
Reimagining nature‐based coastal adaptation: A nested framework
Authors: Sherren Kate , Rahman H. M. T. , Manuel Patricia , Wells Emily , Rapaport Eric , van Proosdij Danika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNature‐based coastal adaptation is a subset of nature‐based solutions that has to this point focused on the materiality of managing coastal risks: what our coastal protections are made of or where we put things that are in the way of harm. In our collaborative interdisciplinary work, we have been reimagining nature‐based coastal adaptation to start with first principles: how we think about the coast and what makes a good coastal life. In a nature‐based approach our shared sense of what is good and possible, also known as the social imaginary, needs shifting before any physical material. This paper presents a new nested framework for thinking about nature‐based coastal adaptation using five words starting with R: Reimagine, Reserve, Relocate, Restore, Reinforce. We use the nature‐based adaptation option of managed dyke realignment in Bay of Fundy agricultural dykelands to illustrate the utility of the framework in practice but assert its more generic applicability.
Home health utilization in the Veterans Health Administration: Are there rural and urban differences?
Authors: Davila Heather , Mayfield Bradely , Mengeling Michelle A. , Holcombe Andrea , Miell Kelly R. , Jaske Erin , Iverson William , Walkner Tammy , Stewart Greg , Solimeo Samantha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeGrowing numbers of older adults need home health care, yhese services may be more difficult to access for rural Veterans, who represent one‐third of Veterans Health Administration (VA) enrollees. Our objective was to examine whether home health use differs within VA based on rurality.MethodsWe examined national VA administrative data for 2019–2021 (January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021) among Veterans ages ≥65 years. Using descriptive and multivariable analyses, we assessed whether rural versus urban Veterans differed in (1) the likelihood of using any home health and (2) for those who received ≥1 visit, number of visits received.ResultsAmong home health users (n = 107,229, 33.1% rural), rural and urban Veterans were similar in age (77.0 vs. 77.2 years). Rural Veterans were less likely to be highly frail (38.9% rural vs. 40.4% urban) or diagnosed with dementia (13.5% vs. 17.6%). After adjusting for Veterans’ characteristics, rural Veterans were more likely to receive any home health (odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.13). Among Veterans who received ≥1 home health visit, rurality was associated with considerably fewer expected visits (incident rate ratio: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.72).ConclusionsAlthough rural Veterans were more likely than urban Veterans to receive any home health services, they received considerably fewer home health visits. This difference may represent an access issue for rural Veterans. Future research is needed to identify reasons for these differences and develop strategies to ensure rural Veterans’ care needs are equitability addressed.
Factors associated with chronic abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission: A pilot cross‐sectional study
Authors: Engelmann‐Kewitz Maike , Khwaja Iman , Takahashi Kazuya , Parkes Miles , Norton Christine , Hart Ailsa , Bulmer David , Aziz Qasim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients (20%–50%) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience chronic abdominal pain during remission. The clinical features of IBD patients with abdominal pain during remission remain poorly characterized. This cross‐sectional pilot study aimed to assess patient recruitment, adherence, and feedback to optimize questionnaires for future use and to determine the clinical features that distinguish IBD patients in remission with and without abdominal pain.MethodsOnline validated questionnaires about disease activity, symptoms, and psychological factors were sent to participants of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) IBD BioResource, which is a national research platform consisting of re‐callable IBD patients designed to expedite research into Crohn's and colitis. Inclusion/exclusion criteria of the IBD BioResource main cohort were applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to participants in remission. p‐values ≤0.01 were considered significant.Key resultsA total of 2050 patients were approached; 291 (14.2%) of these agreed to participate. In 35 patients, technical problems, length, and poor understanding of the relevance of some questionnaires affected completion as confirmed by feedback. In total, 244 patients were full responders with 122 (50%) in remission; 33 (27%) of these had chronic abdominal pain. Comparison of those with versus without (n = 89) chronic abdominal pain yielded higher scores in patients with pain for the following: somatization (p < 0.001); gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale score (p = <0.001); highly sensitive person scale (p = 0.007); catastrophizing score (p = 0.010). Trends were observed for azathioprine use (p = 0.021); coping resources inventory health in general (p = 0.046); neuroticism (p = 0.019); and poor sleep (p = 0.03).Conclusions & inferencesDifferences in symptoms and psychological characteristics exist between IBD patients in remission with and without abdominal pain. Confirmation of findings in larger studies may facilitate development of personalized chronic pain treatments for IBD patients.
Cardiometabolic implications of adipose tissue aging
Authors: Ahmed Bulbul , Farb Melissa G. , Gokce Noyan 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAdipose tissue is a large endocrine organ that serves numerous physiological functions. As we age, adipose tissue remodels and can develop functional changes that alters its phenotype, potentially contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Aging adipose tissue is characterized by regional redistribution of fat, accumulation of senescent cells, fibrosis, and decline in adipocyte differentiation capacities, which collectively impact adipose tissue function and whole body health. A notable transformation involves increased accumulation of intra‐abdominal visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat around internal organs such as the heart, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys that alter their functions. Other changes associated with aging include alterations in adipokine secretion and changes in adipocyte size and numbers. Aging adipocytes play a role in mediating chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Visceral adipose tissue, which increases in volume with aging, is in particular associated with inflammation, angiogenic dysfunction, and microvascular abnormalities, and mediators released by visceral fat may have adverse consequences systemically in multiple target organs, including the cardiovascular system. Understanding mechanisms underlying adipose tissue aging and its impact on cardiovascular health are important for developing interventions and treatments to promote healthy aging and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.
Association of adverse childhood experiences and overweight or obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and network analysis
Authors: Moriya Renato Mikio , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Passini João Luís Lima , Nunes Sandra Odebrecht Vargas 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis systematic review with meta‐analysis assessed the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) linked to overweight or obesity in adolescents. Twenty‐eight studies (cross‐sectional, case–control, or cohort) were included, which described individuals with a history of ACE or adverse family experiences, such as physical, emotional, or psychological abuses; neglect; exposure to domestic violence or peer violence; and sexual abuse. Body mass index (BMI) or BMI z score was used by the study to define adolescents with overweight or obesity. Adolescents who reported childhood experiences, mainly physical, sexual, and emotional abuses, were more associated with overweight/obesity, especially those who experienced four or more ACEs. Network meta‐analysis indicated that physical, sexual, and neglect were the most common ACEs associated with obesity in adolescents. Due to significant differences and imprecision among the studies, network meta‐analysis was inconclusive in determining the impact of other types of ACE on outcomes. However, evidence suggests that exposure to sexual and physical abuse, as well as neglect, is associated with adolescents who are obese or overweight, as well as with the number of ACE experienced. The study presented evidence suggesting that dealing with many ACEs may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in adolescents.
Retrospective epidemiological study over 8‐year period on zygomatic complex fractures: A single centre experience
Authors: Monarchi Gabriele , Gilli Massimiliano , Caso Angela Rosa , Sacchi Federica , Committeri Umberto , Giovacchini Francesco , Mitro Valeria , Tullio Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of patients with zygomatic fractures who were treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Perugia, Italy, between 2016 and 2023.Materials and MethodsPatients were evaluated based on various parameters including age, sex, aetiology, symptoms, comorbidity, clinical findings, zygomatic fracture type, other facial fractures, treatment, waiting time before the operation, complications and sequelae. In the period described, we had 123 cases of zygomatic fractures requiring surgical intervention.ResultsAmong the patients, 101 were male (82.1%) and 22 were female (17.9%). The average age of the patients was 48.65 years (ranging from 7 to 94 years).The leading cause of these fractures was sports‐related injury (n = 32; 26.01%), and isolated zygomatic bone fractures were the most frequent (72.43%). The most common clinical signs and symptoms were pain, depression of the facial profile, difficulty in chewing, limitation of the buccal opening, difficulty in protrusion movements and mandibular lateralization. Ninety‐six per cent of patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia, with open reduction and internal fixation.ConclusionsThe successful and effective management of zygomatic fractures requires a solid understanding of its anatomy, pathophysiology and related biomechanical structures and forces. The continuous research in epidemiology, aetiology, materials and techniques will further refine our treatments which are nowadays more and more customized according to the type of trauma.
Evaluation of cardiac implantable electronic device lead parameters before and after radiotherapy
Authors: Larsen Mia Bang , Jakobsen Annette Ross , Lundbye‐Christensen Søren , Riahi Sam , Thøgersen Anna Margrethe , Zaremba Tomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction and aimRadiotherapy in cancer patients with a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator might damage the device and possibly result in malfunction of the device. We aimed to examine device malfunction and change in lead parameters in this group.MethodsThe medical records of pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients who underwent radiotherapy at Aalborg University Hospital between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2021, were reviewed. Treatment was planned according to risk of device malfunction, assessed using local guidelines. Bootstrap linear regression was used to identify possible differences in lead parameters depending on beam energy and anatomical location.ResultsOne hundred nine patients with a pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator who received a total of 122 radiotherapy courses in the study period were identified. No device malfunctions or significant changes in lead parameters during radiotherapy were observed. Only the left ventricle lead threshold and impedance were found to be significantly different when compared by beam energy; however, these changes were relatively small and unlikely to be of clinical relevance.ConclusionNo device malfunction or clinically relevant changes in lead parameters were identified in this study, suggesting that radiotherapy of pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients can be regarded as safe when following relevant safety precautions.
Digital Trace Data and Demographic Forecasting: How Well Did Google Predict the US COVID‐19 Baby Bust?
Authors: Wilde Joshua , Chen Wei , Lohmann Sophie , Abdel Ghany Jasmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt the onset of the first wave of COVID‐19 in the United States, the pandemic's effect on future birthrates was unknown. In this paper, we assess whether digital trace data—often touted as a panacea for traditional data scarcity—held the potential to accurately predict fertility change caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Specifically, we produced state‐level, dynamic future predictions of the pandemic's effect on birthrates in the United States using pregnancy‐related Google search data. Importantly, these predictions were made in October 2020 (and revised in February 2021), well before the birth effect of the pandemic could have possibly been known. Our analysis predicted that between November 2020 and February 2021, monthly United States births would drop sharply by approximately 12 percent, then begin to rebound while remaining depressed through August 2021. While these predictions were generally accurate in terms of the magnitude and timing of the trough, there were important misses regarding the speed at which these reductions materialized and rebounded. This ex post evaluation of an ex ante prediction serves as a powerful demonstration of the “promise and pitfalls” of digital trace data in demographic research.
Insights into response of seagrass (Zostera marina) to sulfide exposure at morphological, physiochemical and molecular levels in context of coastal eutrophication and warming
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yue Shidong , Gao Yaping , Zhao Peng , Liu Mingjie , Qiao Yongliang , Xu Shaochun , Gu Ruiting , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhou Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSulfide in sediment porewaters, is toxic to rooted macrophytes in both marine and freshwater environments. Current research on sulfide stress in seagrasses primarily focuses on morphological and physiological aspects, with little known about the molecular response and resistance mechanisms. This study first investigated the damage caused by sulfide to eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and other physiological and biochemical indicators and explored the potential resistance of eelgrass at molecular level through laboratory simulated and in‐situ sulfide stress experiments. Comprehensive results showed that sulfide stress severely inhibited the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities of eelgrass. Importantly, transcriptome analysis revealed significant activation of pathways related to carbohydrate and sulfur metabolism. This activation served a dual purpose: providing an energy source for eelgrass stress response and achieving detoxification through accelerated sulfur metabolism—a potential resistance mechanism. The toxicity of sulfide increased with rising temperature as evidenced by a decrease in EC50. Results from recovery experiments indicated that when Fv/Fm reduced to about 0 under sulfide stress, the growth and photosynthesis of eelgrass recovered to normal level after timely removal of sulfide. However, prolonged exposure to sulfide resulted in failure to recover, leading ultimately to plant death. This study not only enhances our understanding of the molecular‐level impacts of sulfide on seagrasses but also provides guidance for the management and ecological restoration of seagrass meadows under sulfide stress.
Water wisteria genome reveals environmental adaptation and heterophylly regulation in amphibious plants
Authors: Li Gaojie , Zhao Xuyao , Yang Jingjing , Hu Shiqi , Ponnu Jathish , Kimura Seisuke , Hwang Inhwan , Torii Keiko U. , Hou Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeterophylly is a phenomenon whereby an individual plant dramatically changes leaf shape in response to the surroundings. Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae; water wisteria), has recently emerged as a model plant to study heterophylly because of its striking leaf shape variation in response to various environmental factors. When submerged, H. difformis often develops complex leaves, but on land it develops simple leaves. Leaf complexity is also influenced by other factors, such as light density, humidity, and temperature. Here, we sequenced and assembled the H. difformis chromosome‐level genome (scaffold N50: 60.43 Mb, genome size: 871.92 Mb), which revealed 36 099 predicted protein‐coding genes distributed over 15 pseudochromosomes. H. difformis diverged from its relatives during the Oligocene climate‐change period and expanded gene families related to its amphibious habit. Genes related to environmental stimuli, leaf development, and other pathways were differentially expressed in submerged and terrestrial conditions, possibly modulating morphological and physiological acclimation to changing environments. We also found that auxin plays a role in H. difformis heterophylly. Finally, we discovered candidate genes that respond to different environmental conditions and elucidated the role of LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY 1 (LMI1) in heterophylly. We established H. difformis as a model for studying interconnections between environmental adaptation and morphogenesis.