bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Psychosis Spectrum Using a Hierarchical Model of Social Cognition
Authors: Williams Trevor F , Pinkham Amy E , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Social cognitive impairments are central to psychosis, including lower severity psychosis-like experiences (PLEs). Nonetheless, progress has been hindered by social cognition’s poorly defined factor structure, as well as limited work examining the specificity of social cognitive impairment to psychosis. The present study examined how PLEs relate to social cognition in the context of other psychopathology dimensions, using a hierarchical factors approach to social cognition.

Study Design
Online community participants (N = 1026) completed psychosis, autism, and personality disorder questionnaires, as well as 3 social cognitive tasks that varied in methodology (vignette vs video) and construct (higher- vs lower-level social cognition). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to model social cognition, with the best models being examined in association with PLEs and psychopathology dimensions.

Study Results
EFA and CFA supported a hierarchical model of social cognition, with 2 higher-order factors emerging: verbal/vignette task methodology and a multimethod general social cognition factor. These higher-order factors accounted for task-level associations to psychopathology, with relations to positive symptoms (r = .23) and antagonism (r = .28). After controlling for other psychopathology, positive symptoms were most clearly related to tasks with verbal methodology (β = −0.34).

Conclusions
These results suggest that broad social cognitive processes and method effects may account for many previous findings in psychosis and psychopathology research. Additionally, accounting for broad social cognitive impairment may yield insights into more specific social cognitive processes as well.
Motherhood and Employment in China: Gender Asymmetries in Multi-Generational Families
Authors: Yu Jia , Cheng Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prior studies have shown a negative effect of motherhood on women’s post-maternal employment, yet few have examined how the motherhood employment penalty may vary by living arrangements. Using data from the 2010–2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, we applied fixed-effects linear probability models to examine the effects of the number and age of children on the employment status of Chinese women and how multi-generational living arrangements moderate these effects. The results show that motherhood significantly reduces women’s likelihood of labor force participation. A woman’s coresidence with her natal mother significantly mitigates the motherhood employment penalty, especially in urban China. In contrast, coresidence with only her father or father-in-law does not reduce the penalty. These findings indicate that there is a gendered intergenerational division of labor in Chinese extended families and highlight the importance of considering gender asymmetries in multi-generational relations in understanding mothers’ labor market decisions.
Detection of residual pluripotent stem cells in cell therapy products utilizing droplet digital PCR: an international multisite evaluation study
Authors: Yasuda Satoshi , Bando Kiyoko , Henry Marianne P , Libertini Silvana , Watanabe Takeshi , Bando Hiroto , Chen Connie , Fujimori Koki , Harada Kosuke , Kuroda Takuya , Lemmens Myriam , Marginean Dragos , Moss David , Pereira Mouriès Lucilia , Nicholas Nicole S , Smart Matthew J K , Terai Orie , Sato Yoji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The presence of residual undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in PSC-derived cell therapy products (CTPs) is a major safety issue for their clinical application, due to the potential risk of PSC-derived tumor formation. An international multidisciplinary multisite study to evaluate a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach to detect residual undifferentiated PSCs in PSC-derived CTPs was conducted as part of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-TRAcking, Circulation & Safety Technical Committee. To evaluate the use of ddPCR in quantifying residual iPSCs in a cell sample, different quantities of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were spiked into a background of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) to mimic different concentrations of residual iPSCs. A one step reverse transcription ddPCR (RT-ddPCR) was performed to measure mRNA levels of several iPSC-specific markers and to evaluate the assay performance (precision, sensitivity, and specificity) between and within laboratories. The RT-ddPCR assay variability was initially assessed by measuring the same RNA samples across all participating facilities. Subsequently, each facility independently conducted the entire process, incorporating the spiking step, to discern the parameters influencing potential variability. Our results show that a RT-ddPCR assay targeting ESRG, LINC00678, and LIN28A genes offers a highly sensitive and robust detection of impurities of iPSC-derived CMs and that the main contribution to variability between laboratories is the iPSC-spiking procedure, and not the RT-ddPCR. The RT-ddPCR assay would be generally applicable for tumorigenicity evaluation of PSC-derived CTPs with appropriate marker genes suitable for each CTP.
Sodium butyrate prevents cytokine‐induced β‐cell dysfunction through restoration of stromal interaction molecule 1 expression and activation of store‐operated calcium entry
Authors: Lee Chih‐Chun , Kono Tatsuyoshi , Syed Farooq , Weaver Staci A. , Sohn Paul , Wu Wenting , Chang Garrick , Liu Jing , Slak Rupnik Marjan , Evans‐Molina Carmella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSodium butyrate (NaB) improves β‐cell function in preclinical models of diabetes; however, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of NaB on β‐cell function and calcium (Ca2+) signaling using ex vivo and in vitro models of diabetes. Our results show that NaB significantly improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in islets from human organ donors with type 2 diabetes and in cytokine‐treated INS‐1 β cells. Consistently, NaB improved glucose‐stimulated Ca2+ oscillations in mouse islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Because the oscillatory phenotype of Ca2+ in the β cell is governed by changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels, we explored the relationship between NaB and store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), a rescue mechanism that acts to refill ER Ca2+ levels through STIM1‐mediated gating of plasmalemmal Orai channels. We found that NaB treatment preserved basal ER Ca2+ levels and restored SOCE in IL‐1β‐treated INS‐1 cells. Furthermore, we linked these changes with the restoration of STIM1 levels in cytokine‐treated INS‐1 cells and mouse islets, and we found that NaB treatment was sufficient to prevent β‐cell death in response to IL‐1β treatment. Mechanistic experiments revealed that NaB mediated these beneficial effects in the β‐cell through histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, iNOS suppression, and modulation of AKT‐GSK‐3 signaling. Taken together, these data support a model whereby NaB treatment promotes β‐cell function and Ca2+ homeostasis under proinflammatory conditions through pleiotropic effects that are linked with maintenance of SOCE. These results also suggest a relationship between β‐cell SOCE and gut microbiome‐derived butyrate that may be relevant in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
Effect of Early Versus Delayed Tracheostomy Strategy on Functional Outcome of Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Giannakoulis Vassilis G. , Psychogios Georgios , Routsi Christina , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Siempos Ilias I. 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Optimal timing of tracheostomy in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown due to lack of clinical trials. We emulated a target trial to estimate the effect of early vs. delayed tracheostomy strategy on functional outcome of patients with severe TBI.

DESIGN:
Target trial emulation using 1:1 balanced risk-set matching.

SETTING:
North American hospitals participating in the TBI Hypertonic Saline randomized controlled trial of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium.

PATIENTS:
The prematching population consisted of patients with TBI and admission Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 8, who were alive and on mechanical ventilation on the fourth day following trial enrollment, and stayed in the ICU for at least 5 days. Patients with absolute indication for tracheostomy and patients who died during the first 28 days with a decision to withdraw care were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:
We matched patients who received tracheostomy at a certain timepoint (early group) with patients who had not received tracheostomy at the same timepoint but were at-risk of tracheostomy in the future (delayed group). The primary outcome was a poor 6-month functional outcome, defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended less than or equal to 4.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Out of 1282 patients available for analysis, 275 comprised the prematching population, with 75 pairs being created postmatching. Median time of tracheostomy differed significantly in the early vs. the delayed group (7.0 d [6.0–10.0 d] vs. 12.0 d [9.8–18.3 d]; p < 0.001). Only 40% of patients in the delayed group received tracheostomy. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding poor 6-month functional outcome (early: 68.0% vs. delayed: 72.0%; p = 0.593).

CONCLUSIONS:
In a target trial emulation, early as opposed to delayed tracheostomy strategy was not associated with differences in 6-month functional outcome following severe TBI. Considering the limitations of target trial emulations, delaying tracheostomy through a “watchful waiting” approach may be appropriate.
Composite Sling: A Strategy for Enhancing Inferolateral Support in Mastopexy with Implant
Authors: Hubaide Marcus , Ono Marcelo T. , Barazzetti Daniel O. , Karner Bruno M. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Augmentation mastopexy has attracted the attention of numerous authors seeking to improve surgical outcomes and ensure breast implant stability. The utilization of the dual plane technique with a lateral sling, pioneered by Ono and Karner, has demonstrated effectiveness in providing long-term implant support. However, challenges arise in cases of anatomical variations, such as a short pectoralis major (PM) muscle or chest, necessitating alternative approaches like the composite sling. This study presents a technique designed to elongate and broaden the lateral sling to enhance implant support. The composite sling incorporates components from the abdominal part of the PM muscle, the aponeurotic/muscular part of the external oblique muscle, and the cranial part of the rectus abdominis. Procedures were performed on 29 patients using the composite sling technique from July 2022 to October 2023. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months (average of 11.89 months). The lateral sling approach was successfully extended to cases with a short PM muscle or chest, previously managed using the dual plane technique without inferolateral support. No increase in complications or implant displacements was observed compared with the original lateral sling approach. However, four reoperations addressed issues such as dog ears, scarring, and minor asymmetries. Consistent results were observed throughout the follow-up period, particularly in maintaining upper pole fullness and preventing lower pole ptosis. The composite sling approach provides a viable solution for cases where the original sling technique is impractical. Its implementation could broaden surgical options and optimize results, particularly in cases of unfavorable anatomy.
Effect of Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Can Ahu Aksoy , Yilmaz Duygu Vefikuluçay 
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial with the aim of determining the effect of acupressure on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women, as well as the correlation between the two. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted between May and November 2021 with women coming to a Menopause School in Turkey. A Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Menopause Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form were used to collect data. The study was performed with 61 patients in an acupressure group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 31). Acupressure was performed on the acupressure group in 30-minute sessions 3 times a week for 4 weeks, a total of 12 sessions. No intervention was performed on the control group. When the groups were compared, it was seen that the menopause symptom scores of the acupressure group were lower than those of the control group, and that their quality of life scores in the bodily and psychological areas were higher (P < .05). When within group comparisons were considered, it was seen that menopause symptoms declined over time in the acupressure group, and the scores of all dimensions of quality of life increased (P < .05). It was found that acupressure applied to women during menopause may reduce menopause symptoms and may improve their quality of life.
ADMINISTERING INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Wu Pei-Liang , Shih Chia-Pang , Huang Yu-Shu , Chen Hung-Chi , Hsueh Yi-Jen , Lee Chia-Wen , Chiang Ming-Chou , Lien Reyin , Lee Chien-Chung , Chu Shih-Ming , Chou Hung-Da , Liu Laura , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Determine whether intravitreal injection of bevacizumab exerts long-term effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when reaching the age of 8 years.

Methods:
In total, 277 children were enrolled. Patients were stratified into full-term, preterm without ROP, ROP without treatment, or ROP with treatment groups, based on gestational age and ROP status. Children under the gestational age of 37 weeks were considered premature. Patients' cognitive outcomes were evaluated using a full-scale intelligence quotient (full score and percentile) generated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition every 1 year to 2 years.

Results:
At the mean age of 7.8 years, ROP without and with treatment groups demonstrated lower full-scale intelligence quotient scores and percentiles, compared with full-term and premature groups (both P < 0.05). Full-scale intelligence quotient scores and percentiles did not significantly differ between patients who received different treatments for ROP (full score P = 0.19; percentile P = 0.37). After adjusting for gestational age, logMAR best-corrected visual acuity was negatively associated with full-scale intelligence quotient scores (P = 0.0008) and percentiles (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion:
At the mean age of 8 years, patients with ROP undergoing injection of bevacizumab did not exhibit worse cognitive outcomes than those who underwent laser photocoagulation or both treatments. Gestational age and best-corrected visual acuity correlated with cognitive development in children.
Smartphone Augmented En-Face Guided Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A 3D Ngenuity Tool For Customized Treatment
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Scampoli Alessandra , Governatori Lorenzo , Grieco Giulia , Caporossi Tomaso 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
We aimed to introduce a novel visualization technique of en-face scans during epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling, by using the in-built picture-in-picture (PIP) modality of the Alcon Ngenuity 3D System, connected to a smartphone.

Methods:
Prospective mono-centric interventional analysis on 20 patients undergoing vitrectomy and peeling for idiopathic ERMs. RTVue XR Avanti device was used perform a 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). En-face image from a custom slab from 9 μm upon the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to 30 μm below the ILM was taken and 180° flipped. The smartphone was connected to the Alcon 3D Ngenuity display using an HDMI-to-USB cable and the picture-in-picture modality of the display was chosen in the software menu. ERM peeling was performed without dye stain starting from black linear structures on the en-face, indicating area of weaker adhesion to the ERM and could be used as cleavage point for membrane removal using vitreal forceps.

Results:
We reported successful peeling initiation and flap lift at the first forceps’ grasp in all cases (100%). After ERM peeling, dual blue staining highlighted ILM remnants in 15 cases (75%) and peeling was completed. Total surgical time, including cable connections and projection to the display, was 41.6±9.2 minutes. Intraoperative total peeling time was 11.1±2.6 minutes. Central macular thickness significantly reduced 1 month after surgery (p=0.01).

Conclusion:
In summary, this is a cheap and easily reproducible surgical technique to optimize ERM management, offering an intraoperative guide for peeling initiation and minimizing un-necessary surgical maneuvers.
Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biological Marker for Welders’ Pneumoconiosis
Authors: El-Sherif Ghada Hossam El-Din , El-Shafy Wessam Sabry Abd , Mohammed AbdEl-Samie Aiesha Ashraf 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and welders’ pneumoconiosis, through chest x-ray and serum NSE.

Methods
The exposed group included 37 welders. The nonexposed group included 38 administrative workers. Both groups underwent history taking, clinical examination, chest x-ray, serum chromium, and serum neuron-specific enolase. Air sampling was done for total suspended particles, respirable particles, and welding fumes.

Results
All the air samples were within the national threshold limit values. Chest x-ray abnormalities were found in eight welders (21.6%), and included reticular opacities, scattered nodules or ground-glass opacities. Serum chromium and NSE were significantly higher among welders. Serum NSE correlated positively with the duration of exposure and serum chromium level among welders.

Conclusions
Serum NSE can be used as a biomarker for early detection of welders’ pneumoconiosis.
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Patients With Sporadic Inner Ear Schwannomas With and Without Simultaneous Tumor Resection
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Staricha Kelly , Neff Brian A. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesDescribe a single institution's cochlear implant outcomes for patients with inner ear schwannomas (IES) in the setting of various tumor management strategies (observation, surgical resection, or stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]).Study DesignSingle-institution retrospective review.PatientsPatients diagnosed with isolated, sporadic IES who underwent cochlear implantation (CI).InterventionsCI with or without IES treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresSpeech perception outcomes, tumor status.ResultsTwelve patients with IES underwent CI with a median audiologic and radiologic follow-up of 12 months. Six patients underwent complete resection of the tumor at the time of CI, four underwent tumor observation, and two underwent SRS before CI. At 1 year after CI for all patients, the median consonant–nucleus–consonant (CNC) word score was 55% (interquartile range, 44–73%), and the median AzBio sentence in quiet score was 77% (interquartile range, 68–93%). Overall, those with surgical resection performed similarly to those with tumor observation (CNC 58 versus 61%; AzBio in quiet 74 versus 91%, respectively). Patients who underwent tumor resection before implantation had a wider range of speech performance outcomes compared with patients who underwent tumor observation. Two patients had SRS treatment before CI (10 months previous and same-day as CI) with CNC word scores of 6 and 40%, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with IES who underwent CI demonstrated similar speech performance outcomes (CNC 56% and AzBio 82%), when compared with the general cochlear implant population. Patients who underwent either tumor observation or surgical resection performed well after CI.
Use of Speech-to-Text Translation Resources to Address Communication Barriers in Patients With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Samaha Nadia L. , Tannan Utkarsh , Sookram Sebastian , Wong Kevin , Hwa Tiffany Peng 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Patients with concomitant limited English proficiency (LEP) and hearing loss may experience communication barriers, not fully mitigated by traditional interpreter services. Although there is no clear consensus on the most reliable and optimal resources for these patients, speech-to-text (STT) applications with translation capability may bridge these barriers. We review the existing literature applying STT translation programs in clinical settings and identify commercially available STT translation resources to evaluate their prospective application in the otology setting.

Databases Reviewed
PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science.

Methods
A systematic review of English language peer-reviewed literature was conducted, examining STT translation in clinical settings. An additional search identifying STT software with translation capabilities was completed.

Results
Seven out of 591 unique citations met the inclusion criteria, and 29 unique STT translation applications were identified, supporting up to 140 languages. Stakeholders endorse positive perceptions of STT translation programs. Facilitators to implementation included time and cost feasibility, whereas barriers included risk of mistranslation and inability to assess accuracy. Ongoing machine-learning efforts are underway for developing and improving STT translation technologies, but there is paucity of literature evaluating their application in patients with hearing loss.

Conclusions
Small studies have suggested an acceptable level of accuracy for STT translation programs as adjunctive to standard of care services. Further work should proactively address implementation challenges with special attention to use of these technologies for patients with concomitant LEP and HL, while supporting additional technological advancement for application of these technologies in otology practice.
Isolated short stature as the only presenting symptom of glycogen storage disease type 0a in a Chinese child: A case report
Authors: Fu Hao , Yang Aoyu , Du Caiqi , Liang Yan 
Published: August 2024

Rationale:Glycogen storage disease type 0a (GSD0a) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by glycogen synthase deficiency. Short stature is a characteristic feature in 29% of GSD0a patients, but isolated short stature as the only presenting symptom is exceedingly rare, with only 2 cases reported worldwide.Patient concerns:A 4-year-old girl presented with persistent growth retardation despite previous treatment for renal tubular acidosis.Diagnoses:Based on clinical presentation and whole exome sequencing results, the patient was diagnosed with GSD0a.Interventions:Uncooked cornstarch therapy was initiated at 2 g/kg every 6 hours.Outcomes:After 3 years of treatment, the patient’s height SDS improved from −2.24 to −1.06, with enhanced glycemic control and no complications.Lessons:This case emphasizes considering GSD0a in unexplained short stature and the value of continuous glucose monitoring. Early diagnosis and treatment can optimize growth in GSD0a patients.