bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: adaptive functioning and psychiatric and psychological problems of the older offspring
Authors: Tuovinen S , Aalto‐Viljakainen T , Eriksson JG , Kajantie E , Lahti J , Pesonen A‐K , Heinonen K , Lahti M , Osmond C , Barker DJP , Räikkönen K 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo study whether pre‐eclampsia and hypertension without proteinuria during pregnancy are associated with adaptive functioning, and psychiatric and psychological problems, of older offspring.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingParticipants in the Helsinki Birth Cohort 1934–44 Study.PopulationA cohort of 778 participants born after normotensive, pre‐eclamptic, or hypertensive pregnancies, defined based on the mother's blood pressure and urinary protein measurements at maternity clinics and birth hospitals.MethodsPearson's chi‐squared tests and multivariable logistic regression.Main outcome measuresAchenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Older Adult Self‐Report scores, completed at age 69.3 years (SD 3.1 years).ResultsCompared with offspring born after normotensive pregnancies, offspring born after pre‐eclamptic pregnancies had increased odds of reporting total problems (aOR 4.00, 95%CI 1.64–9.77) and problems of particular concern to clinicians (critical items; aOR 5.28, 95%CI 1.87–14.96), as well as: anxious/depressed, functional impairment, memory, thought, and irritable/disinhibited problems on syndrome scales; depressive, somatic, and psychotic problems on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders scales; and adjustment problems in relationship satisfaction with spouse/partner. Maternal hypertension without proteinuria was not consistently associated with adjustment and problems (total problems, aOR 1.08, 95%CI 0.75–1.57; critical items, aOR 1.58, 95%CI 0.91–2.72).ConclusionsMaternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, during a period of expectant treatment, carry an increased risk of problems in adaptive functioning and mental wellbeing in the offspring seven decades later. Being the longest follow‐up on transgenerational consequences of maternal hypertensive disorders reported thus far, our study points to the life‐time increased risk of an adverse intrauterine environment.
Review article: What makes a good healthcare quality indicator? A systematic review and validation study
Authors: Jones Peter , Shepherd Michael , Wells Susan , Le Fevre James , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIndicators measuring aspects of performance to assess quality of care are often chosen arbitrarily. The present study aimed to determine what should be considered when selecting healthcare quality indicators, particularly focusing on the application to emergency medicine. Structured searches of electronic databases were supplemented by website searches of quality of care and benchmarking organisations, citation searches and discussions with experts. Candidate attributes of ‘good’ healthcare indicators were extracted independently by two authors. The validity of each attribute was independently assessed by 16 experts in quality of care and emergency medicine. Valid and reliable attributes were included in a critical appraisal tool for healthcare quality indicators, which was piloted by emergency medicine specialists. Twenty‐three attributes were identified, and all were rated moderate to extremely important by an expert panel. The reliability was high: alpha = 0.98. Twelve existing tools explicitly stated a median (range) of 14 (8–17) attributes. A critical appraisal tool incorporating all the attributes was developed. This was piloted by four emergency medicine specialists who were asked to appraise and rank a set of six candidate indicators. Although using the tool took more time than implicit gestalt decision making: median (interquartile range) 190 (43–352) min versus 17.5 (3–34) min, their rankings changed after using the tool. To inform the appraisal of quality improvement indicators for emergency medicine, a comprehensive list of indicator attributes was identified, validated, developed into a tool and piloted. Although expert consensus is still required, this tool provides an explicit basis for discussions around indicator selection.
Familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations as a risk factor for early coronary artery disease
Authors: Basar Nurcan , Kisacik Bunyamin , Ercan Suleyman , Pehlivan Yavuz , Yilmaz Sedat , Simsek Ismail , Erdem Hakan , Ozer Orhan , Pay Salih , Onat Ahmet M. , Dinc Ayhan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are very common in the general population. Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenesis. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. The gene causing FMF, designated MEFV, encodes a protein called pyrin or marenostrin that is expressed mainly in myeloid bone marrow precursors, neutrophils and monocytes. We herein aimed to determine the prevalence of MEFV mutations (all exon 2, 10 mutations) in patients with early coronary heart disease (early CHD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with multiple risk factors and among the healthy subjects as controls.MethodsA total of 197 patients and 119 healthy subjects were recruited and enrolled into three groups in terms of inclusion criteria. Ninety‐one patients diagnosed with early CHD enrolled into group one (men < 45 years of age, women < 40 years of age), 106 patients with CHD (men > 50 years of age) to group two and 119 healthy controls enrolled into group three. None of patients was diagnosed with FMF. The diagnosis of CHD was established on electrocardiographic changes, echocardiography and coronary angiography.ResultsThirty‐eight patients (41.8%) with early CHD, 17 patients (16%) with CHD and 24 healthy controls (20.2%) carried at least one mutated MEFV allele. Young patients with CHD have different risk factor profiles, clinical presentations and prognoses than older patients. Young patients with CHD usually have multiple risk factors.ConclusionThis study suggests that MEFV mutations in early CHD patients had significantly increased in contrast to CHD patients and healthy controls.
Non‐response to colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever should be identified accurately
Authors: Melikoglu Meltem A. , Senel Kazim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimColchicine prophylaxis is the single most important factor in ameliorating familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) for the prevention of both attacks and secondary amyloidosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the exact proportion of those patients who do not respond to colchicine and to characterize their demographic, sociodemographic and clinical aspects.MethodsOne hundred and eight patients with FMF were included in our study. The demographic (age, gender), socioeconomic (education level, employment status, economic income level) and clinical features (age at onset of FMF, age at FMF diagnosis, family history of FMF, mean duration of colchicine use and mean daily colchicine dose) of the patients were evaluated. The patients unresponsive to colchicine therapy, according to their statements, were recorded. Also with another question, patients’ routine colchicine‐consuming habits were elucidated in a self‐answering format. ‘Non‐responders’ were defined as patients who experienced FMF attacks at a frequency greater than once every 3 months despite treatment with 2 mg colchicine daily. Data were analyzed with the chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsThere were 50 female and 58 male patients with a mean age of 42.4 ± 11.3 years. The mean age at FMF onset and at FMF diagnosis were 14.3 ± 10.5 and 19.1 ± 12.9 years, respectively. Sixteen percent of the patients defined themselves as ‘suffering from attacks in spite of regular colchicine’. Irregular colchicine usage was determined in 11% of the patients who were considered as ‘unresponsive to colchicine therapy’ according to their statements. In spite of regular colchicine regimen, attacks were present in 5% of the patients in our study. Although there was no difference in demographic and clinical aspects, patients with irregular colchicine usage were found to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, had less education and more unemployment (P < 0.001).ConclusionRegular colchicine usage anamnesis may be misleading in the first evaluation and this risk seems to be higher in patients from lower socioeconomic background. Routine colchicine‐consuming habits should be detailed in patients with FMF before claiming its failure.
Achieving high quality and long‐lasting matches in youth mentoring programmes: a case study of 4Results mentoring
Authors: Higley Elizabeth , Walker Sarah C. , Bishop Asia S. , Fritz Cindy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMentoring programmes show significant promise for enhancing the well‐being of youth with complex needs. Research indicates that high quality mentoring, although difficult to achieve, positively impacts youth development across behavioural, social, emotional and academic domains. The difficulty of sustaining long‐term matches between mentors and youth, however, remains an important concern for the field of mentoring, as foreshortened matches can be harmful to youth. The 4Results mentoring programme has been identified as a Promising Practice through the Washington State Inventory of child‐serving behavioural and mental health programmes and has developed a unique infrastructure to support critical programme values such as match longevity. In 7 years, the programme has successfully retained 98% of mentors for at least 1 year with an average match length of 3.7 years. The following article describes the programme's guiding philosophy and approach to recruiting and training mentors in the context of existing best practices research.
Rewarding Poor Performance: Why Do Boards of Directors Increase New Options in Response to CEO Underwater Options?
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Shin Taekjin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueWhen the stock options granted to CEOs go underwater, boards of directors tend to award additional stock options to their CEOs. Drawing on agency theory and attribution theory, this study explores social psychological mechanisms that explain why boards of directors increase new option grants to CEOs in response to underwater options.Research Findings/InsightsUsing the compensation data of CEOs at 966 US firms, we found that contextual factors such as market conditions and industry performance affected boards of directors' decisions to grant new stock options. Consistent with our hypotheses, boards of directors granted a greater number of new options to CEOs in response to CEOs' underwater options during the recession period than the recovery period, and they granted fewer new options when the firm's industry performance was high rather than low.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study incorporates attribution theory in understanding boards of directors' causal attribution of firm performance and its impact on executive compensation. It complements earlier studies on causal attribution by exploring the role of contextual factors. It also contributes to the research by examining the attribution process of boards of directors rather than that of top management, as well as the consequences of the causal attribution in terms of ex‐post adjustment in executive option compensation.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study provides up‐to‐date and improved evidence on boards' decision making about executive stock options. Practitioners and policy makers can benefit from the study's findings that board members rely on contextual information about the market and the competition when they make causal attribution of firm performance changes, which tends to affect their decisions about executive compensation.
Look who's talking: speech style and social context in language input to infants are linked to concurrent and future speech development
Authors: Ramírez‐Esparza Nairán , García‐Sierra Adrián , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLanguage input is necessary for language learning, yet little is known about whether, in natural environments, the speech style and social context of language input to children impacts language development. In the present study we investigated the relationship between language input and language development, examining both the style of parental speech, comparing ‘parentese’ speech to standard speech, and the social context in which speech is directed to children, comparing one‐on‐one (1:1) to group social interactions. Importantly, the language input variables were assessed at home using digital first‐person perspective recordings of the infants' auditory environment as they went about their daily lives (N =26, 11‐ and 14‐months‐old). We measured language development using (a) concurrent speech utterances, and (b) word production at 24 months. Parentese speech in 1:1 contexts is positively correlated with both concurrent speech and later word production. Mediation analyses further show that the effect of parentese speech‐1:1 on infants' later language is mediated by concurrent speech. Our results suggest that both the social context and the style of speech in language addressed to children are strongly linked to a child's future language development.
Social class differences produce social group preferences
Authors: Horwitz Suzanne R. , Shutts Kristin , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSome social groups are higher in socioeconomic status than others and the former tend to be favored over the latter. The present research investigated whether observing group differences in wealth alone can directly cause children to prefer wealthier groups. In Experiment 1, 4–5‐year‐old children developed a preference for a wealthy novel group over a less wealthy group. In Experiment 2, children did not develop preferences when groups differed by another kind of positive/negative attribute (i.e. living in brightly colored houses vs. drab houses), suggesting that wealth is a particularly meaningful group distinction. Lastly, in Experiment 3, the effect of favoring novel wealthy groups was moderated by group membership: Children assigned to a wealthy group showed ingroup favoritism, but those assigned to a less wealthy group did not. These experiments shed light on why children tend to be biased in favor of social groups that are higher in socioeconomic status.
Interleukin‐6 in combination with the interleukin‐6 receptor stimulates glucose uptake in resting human skeletal muscle independently of insulin action
Authors: Saini A. , Faulkner S. H. , Moir H. , Warwick P. , King J. A. , Nimmo M. A. 
Published: April 2014

AimTo examine if the physiological concentrations of both interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), in combination with IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R), are able to stimulate glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle and to identify the associated signalling pathways.MethodsSkeletal muscle tissue (˜60 mg) obtained from healthy female volunteers via muscle biopsy was subjected to incubation in the absence or presence of insulin (60 µU/ml), recombinant human IL‐6 (rhIL‐6) (4 ng/ml) or a combination of rhIL‐6 (4 ng/ml) and rhIL‐6R (100 ng/ml) for 30 min, with glucose transport measured for each incubation. Western blot analysis was conducted on key signalling proteins, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to gain an early insight into any differing transport mechanisms.ResultsHuman skeletal muscle exhibited increased glucose uptake with insulin (1.85‐fold; p < 0.05) and stimulated phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and AMPK (0.98 ± 0.23 and 1.49 ± 0.13, respectively, phosphorylated: total; p < 0.05). IL‐6/IL‐6R increased phosphorylation of mTOR (fourfold, p < 0.05) compared to insulin, IL‐6 alone and basal control. IL‐6 did not stimulate glucose uptake but combined with IL‐6R, induced 1.5‐fold increase in glucose uptake (p < 0.05) and phosphorylation of AMPK (0.95 ± 0.19; phosphorylated: total, p < 0.05).ConclusionsIL‐6 in combination with IL‐6R and not IL‐6 alone increased glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. IL‐6/IL‐6R‐mediated glucose uptake occurred independently of PKB/Akt phosphorylation, showing that IL‐6/IL‐6R‐induced glucose uptake is dependent on a divergent pathway.
Revision of the genus Kolibacia Leschen and Lackner (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae: Trogossitinae)
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Lee Chi‐Feng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe genus Kolibacia Leschen and Lackner, 2013 is revised. Five species are recognized, one of which, K. okinawana sp. nov., is new to science. Two new combinations, K. tsushimana (Nakane) and K. regularis (Grouvelle), are proposed and K. regularis is newly recorded from Vietnam.
The Sound of Silence
Authors: Harris Jeffrey H. , Saad Mohsen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUsing comprehensive electronic data collected directly from NASDAQ systems, we assess the impact of changes in electronic message traffic on predicting short‐term changes in prices, spreads and quoted depth levels. We document evidence that message traffic at, and nearby, the inside quotes predicts upcoming price and quoted depth changes as much as 75 seconds in advance. Controlling for the time series properties of silent information, past price, volume, electronic communication network volume, time‐of‐day, and firm‐specific fixed effects, we find that message traffic is strongly related to short‐term returns. Our results demonstrate that modern electronic trading systems can be employed by high‐frequency traders to effectively forecast short‐term market conditions.
Computerization of the Equity, Foreign Exchange, Derivatives, and Fixed‐Income Markets
Authors: Cardella Laura , Hao Jia , Kalcheva Ivalina , Ma Yung‐Yu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe survey empirical studies on the development and effects of increased computerization across equity, foreign exchange, derivatives, and fixed‐income markets. While the changes in the trading process due to computerization in less liquid markets such as the corporate bond market have been modest, there have been dramatic changes in certain derivatives markets, foreign exchange, and particularly in equity markets. In many instances, previous research has found positive effects of computerization on measures of market quality, but our survey highlights that human intermediation is still prominent and beneficial in certain areas.
Algorithmic Trading, Liquidity, and Price Discovery: An Intraday Analysis of the SPI 200 Futures
Authors: Viljoen Tina , Westerholm P. Joakim , Zheng Hui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the intraday price impact of algorithmic trading (AT) on futures markets. We find that AT exhibits a strong reverse U‐shape intraday pattern, and greater AT activity is related to lower effective spreads, higher realized spreads and lower adverse selection risk, which suggests that algorithmic traders strategically enter the market when transaction costs and information asymmetry are lower. AT is associated with an increase in transaction costs in the subsequent intraday period mainly through an increase in the adverse selection risk, and is positively related to both public and private information. Our results strongly suggest that algorithmic traders are informed and contribute to liquidity and price discovery on the futures markets.
How Slow Is the NBBO? A Comparison with Direct Exchange Feeds
Authors: Ding Shengwei , Hanna John , Hendershott Terrence 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper provides evidence on the benefits of faster proprietary data feeds from stock exchanges over the regulated “public” consolidated data feeds. We measure and compare the National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO) prices in each data feed at the same data center. Price dislocations between the NBBOs occur several times a second in very active stocks and typically last one to two milliseconds. The short duration of dislocations makes their costs small for investors who trade infrequently, while the frequency of the dislocations makes them costly for frequent traders. Higher security price and days with high trading volume and volatility are associated with dislocations.
The Provision of Liquidity by High‐Frequency Participants
Authors: Jarnecic Elvis , Snape Mark 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the order submission strategies and supply of liquidity by high‐frequency participants versus the remainder of participants in the limit order book. The results show that high‐frequency participants submit orders at multiple prices in the limit order book, concentrated at or within the quote. This activity translates into the provision of liquidity on an on‐going basis, which is robust to fast versus slow and volatile markets, together suggesting that high‐frequency participants resolve temporal liquidity imbalances in the limit order book. The evidence is consistent with high‐frequency trading (HFT) improving market liquidity, but there remain issues surrounding high‐frequency participants’ effect on market depth and the difficulty of trading of non‐HFT participants.
How Aggressive Are High‐Frequency Traders?
Authors: Hagströmer Björn , Nordén Lars , Zhang Dong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study order aggressiveness of market‐making high‐frequency traders (MM‐HFTs), opportunistic HFTs (Opp‐HFTs), and non‐HFTs. We find that MM‐HFTs follow their own group's previous order submissions more than they follow other traders’ orders. Opp‐HFTs and non‐HFTs tend to split market orders into small portions submitted in sequence. HFTs submit more (less) aggressive orders when the same‐side (opposite‐side) depth is large, and supply liquidity when the bid–ask spread is wide. Thus, HFTs adhere strongly to the tradeoff between waiting cost and the cost of immediate execution. Non‐HFTs care less about this tradeoff, but react somewhat stronger than HFTs to volatility.
PedMIDAS‐Based Scoring Underestimates Migraine Disability on Non‐School Days
Authors: Heyer Geoffrey L. , Merison Kelsey , Rose Sean C. , Perkins Sara Q. , Lee JoEllen M. , Stewart William C.L. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare daily Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS)‐based scores for headaches occurring on school days vs non‐school days and during the school year vs the summer holiday.BackgroundThe PedMIDAS is the only instrument validated to assess migraine disability among school‐aged children. However, the PedMIDAS may underestimate disability during prolonged school holidays.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, migraine patients aged 10–18 years completed a 90‐day Internet‐based headache diary. For each headache day, they answered PedMIDAS‐based questions and rated their headache intensity (scale 1–10). PedMIDAS‐based scores, headache intensity ratings, and relative headache frequencies were compared for school days vs non‐school days and for the school year vs the summer holiday.ResultsFifty‐two patients completed 4680 diary entries comprising 984 headache days. The headache frequencies and intensity ratings did not differ between time periods. However, the mean headache disability scores (as measured from PedMIDAS‐based questions) were significantly different for school days (0.85) compared to non‐school days (0.45), P < .001, and for the school year (0.73) compared to the summer holiday (0.46), P < .016.ConclusionGiven similar headache intensities and frequencies, daily PedMIDAS‐based scores significantly underestimate headache disability on non‐school days. Accordingly, PedMIDAS scoring during the school year may not be comparable to assessments done during the summer holiday. These potential differences must be considered when using the instrument as an outcome measure for clinical trials.