bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Selectfluor F‐TEDA‐BF4 Mediated Thiocyanation or Isothiocyanation of Alcohols by in situ Generation of [+SCN] under Heterogeneous and Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rahmati Sadegh , Khalafi‐nezhad Ali , Saednia Shahnaz 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTreatment of primary and secondary alcohols with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of Selectfluor F‐TEDA‐BF4 generally affords the corresponding thiocyanates or isothiocyanates directly in good to high yields under heterogeneous and neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Nucleophilic Additions to Alkenynedioic Acid Derivatives in Tandem; Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octenols.
Authors: Hata Takeshi , Imade Haduki , Urabe Hirokazu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe bicyclooctenols can smoothly be converted into polysubstituted cyclohexanes like (IV) via retro‐aldol reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Blocks for the Synthesis of Cyclopentanoids from [2 + 2]‐Cycloadduct (I) of Dichloroketene and Dimethylfulvene.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Akhmetdinova N. P. , Valiullina Z. R. , Akhmet'yanova V. A. , Shitikova O. V. , Lobov A. N. , Suponitskii K. Yu. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe opening of the cyclobutanone ring in compound (I) proceeds readily under the action of chiral amine (II) to afford inseparable diastereomeric amides (III) and (IV), which are converted into separable lactams (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Furans from Aryloxyenynes.
Authors: Li Ende , Yao Wenjun , Xie Xin , Wang Chengyu , Shao Yushang , Li Yanzhong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA mild Au‐catalyzed two reaction one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Effect of Palladium and Copper Catalysts: Catalytic Cyclizative Dimerization of ortho‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzamides Leading to Axially Chiral 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Yao Bo , Jaccoud Carole , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe concurrent formation of vinylpalladium and vinylcopper species followed by transmetalation is the key feature in the Pd/Cu co‐catalyzed cyclizative dimerization of the alkynes (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Double C—H Functionalization in Sequential Order: Direct Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds by a Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Alkenylation—Arylation Cascade.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Iuchi Mutsumi , Kojima Naoto , Yoshimitsu Takehiko , Fujii Nobutaka , Tanaka Tetsuaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cyclization of m‐bromoanilines bearing N‐tethered bromocinnamyl groups proceeds via a C—H alkenylation—arylation cascade to afford tetracyclic pyrroline derivatives, e.g. (II), (IV)/(V) or (XI), in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Novel 4,4′‐Arylmethylene‐bis(1H‐pyrazole‐5‐ol)s from Lignin.
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Pinghu , Zhou Yonghong , Wang Junsong , Liu Hongjun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDerivatives (IIIa) and (IIId) exhibit the highest antioxidant activities against DPPH among the tested compounds in this study.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of gem Cyanoester Ketene Dithiolates Towards the Development of Potent Antioxidant Heterocycles.
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Venkatesh Bhumireddy C. , Muralikrishna Akkarapalli , Padmaja Adivireddy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA variety of tetrasubstituted thiophene, thieno‐thiophene and tris‐heterocyclic compounds are synthesized by intra‐ or intermolecular cyclocondensation reactions of gem‐cyanoester ketene dithiolates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Chromones via a Double C—H Activation: An Expedient Approach to Flavones.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Se Hee , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOptimized conditions are developed for a regioselective 2‐arylation of chromenone substrates to provide the desired flavones in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multicomponent Formal [1 + 2 + 1 + 2]‐Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Girling P. Ricardo , Batsanov Andrei S. , Shen Hong C. , Whiting Andrew 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA scandium‐catalyzed dihydropyridine synthesis by a multicomponent cycloaddition reaction is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminohydroxyacetone Synthone: Versatile Intermediates for the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Komatsu Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Riki , Ikishima Hideaki , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new and practical synthesis of the title synthon (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazin‐5‐yl‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives via Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Chunduru Venkata Sreenivasa Rao , Vedula Rajeswar Rao 
Published: August 2012

Abstractof bromoacetylcoumarin derivatives (I) with thiocarbohydrazide and various carbonyl compounds under environmentally benign conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Access to Optically‐Enriched Oxabispidines.
Authors: Brice Heloise , Gill Duncan M. , Goldie Laura , Keegan Philip S. , Kerr William J. , Svensson Per H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA range of C‐substituted oxabispidines are synthesized from commercially available chiral epoxypropylphthalimide (I) using a novel stereoselective intramolecular Mannich reaction [→(XI)] as key transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Monoselective C—H Borylation of Acetanilides under Acidic Conditions.
Authors: Xiao Bin , Li Yi‐Ming , Liu Zhao‐Jing , Yang Han‐Yi , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA practical, new Pd‐catalyzed selective C—H borylation of acetanilides under acidic conditions is developed, which shows a good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Phospha‐Michael Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites, a Phenyl‐H‐phosphinate, and Diphenylphosphine Oxide to Maleic Derivatives.
Authors: Balint Erika , Takacs Judit , Drahos Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA variety of new P‐substituted succinic acid derivatives is synthesized via microwave‐assisted phospha‐Michael addition of phosphites, phosphinates or phosphine oxides to maleimide or maleic acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Kaempferol 3,7‐O‐Bisglycosides via Successive Glycosylation with Glycosyl ortho‐Alkynylbenzoates and Trifluoroacetimidates.
Authors: Yang Weizhun , Sun Jiansong , Yang Zhongyi , Han Wei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Yu Biao 
Published: August 2012

Abstract.The first regioselective glycosylation of (II) at the 3‐OH position is achieved with glycosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoates, followed by glycosylation at the 7‐OH group with trifluoroacetimidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Spintronics Based on Single‐Molecule Magnets Composed of Multiple‐Decker Phthalocyaninato Terbium(III) Complex
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Isshiki Hironari , Komeda Tadahiro , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReview: 142 refs.
Alterations in sulfated chondroitin glycosaminoglycans following controlled cortical impact injury in mice
Authors: Yi Jae‐Hyuk , Katagiri Yasuhiro , Susarla Bala , Figge David , Symes Aviva J. , Geller Herbert M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play a pivotal role in many neuronal growth mechanisms including axon guidance and the modulation of repair processes following injury to the spinal cord or brain. Many actions of CSPGs in the central nervous system (CNS) are governed by the specific sulfation pattern on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to CSPG core proteins. To elucidate the role of CSPGs and sulfated GAG chains following traumatic brain injury (TBI), controlled cortical impact injury of mild to moderate severity was performed over the left sensory motor cortex in mice. Using immunoblotting and immunostaining, we found that TBI resulted in an increase in the CSPGs neurocan and NG2 expression in a tight band surrounding the injury core, which overlapped with the presence of 4‐sulfated CS GAGs but not with 6‐sulfated GAGs. This increase was observed as early as 7 days post injury (dpi), and persisted for up to 28 dpi. Labeling with markers against microglia/macrophages, NG2+ cells, fibroblasts, and astrocytes showed that these cells were all localized in the area, suggesting multiple origins of chondroitin‐4‐sulfate increase. TBI also caused a decrease in the expression of aggrecan and phosphacan in the pericontusional cortex with a concomitant reduction in the number of perineuronal nets. In summary, we describe a dual response in CSPGs whereby they may be actively involved in complex repair processes following TBI. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3295–3313, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable Microwave Plasma Sources From Low to Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Schulz A. , Büchele P. , Ramisch E. , Janzen O. , Jimenez F. , Kamm C. , Kopecki J. , Leins M. , Merli S. , Petto H. , Mendez F.R. , Schneider J. , Schumacher U. , Walker M. , Stroth U. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere are very specific demands on the plasma processes used in various plasma technological applications. Microwave plasmas offer a wide range of applications for different pressures ranging from very low pressure (<0.1 Pa) over low pressure (0.1‐100 Pa) and medium pressure (103‐104 Pa) up to atmospheric pressure (105 Pa). This contribution is a short review on some microwave based plasma sources at different pressure ranges and a brief introduction into the plasma physics behind them (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of transverse aeolian ridge profiles derived from HiRISE images of Mars
Authors: Shockey K. M. , Zimbelman J. R. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPhotoclinometry was used to analyze selected High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on Mars. Sixty Mars profiles have been assessed and a summary of their morphologic characteristics compiled. Measurements collected quantified the symmetry of the feature, the curvature of the crest, flank slopes, width, height and several comparative ratios. Results show that small TARs have physical characteristics generally similar to measurements obtained from lower resolution images of Mars. The HiRISE image data allow for much improved sampling along each feature; the improved resolution reveals relatively few features not seen in earlier studies, but is well suited for topographic sampling. Measured TAR profiles, when scaled by the width of the feature, can be compared to similarly scaled profiles for terrestrial dunes and megaripples. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Large roughness element effects on sand transport, Oceano Dunes, California
Authors: Gillies John A. , Lancaster Nicholas 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of large roughness elements on sand transport efficiency was evaluated on a coastal sand sheet by measuring sand flux with two types of sand traps [Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC)] at 30 positions through a 100 m‐long × 50 m‐wide roughness array comprised of 210 elements each with the dimensions 1·17 m long × 0·4 m high × 0·6 m wide. The 210 elements were used to create a roughness density (λ) of 0·022 (λ = n bh/S, where n is the number of elements, b the element breadth, h the element height, and S is the area of the surface that contains all the elements) in an area of 5000 m2. The mean normalized saltation flux (NSF) values (NSF = outgoing sand flux/incoming sand flux) at the furthest downwind distance for the two trap types were 0·44 and 0·41, respectively. This is in excellent agreement with an empirical model prediction of 0·5. The reduction in saltation flux is similar to an earlier separate study for an equivalent λ composed of elements of similar height (0·36 m), even though the roughness element forms were different (rectangular in this study as opposed to circular) as were the horizontal porosity of the arrays (49% versus 16%). This corroborates earlier results that roughness element height is a critical parameter that enhances reduction in sand transport by wind for similar λ configurations. The available data suggest the form of the relationship between transport reduction efficiency and height is likely a power relationship with two limiting conditions: (1) for elements ≤ 0·1 m high the effect is minimized, and (2) as element height matches and then exceeds the maximum height of the saltation layer (≥ 1 m), the effect will stabilize near a maximum of NSF ≈ 0·32. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural gas & electricity pricing: The yin and yang of natural gas prices and renewable resources
Authors: Bodell Tanya 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNatural gas and renewable resources have a yin and yang relationship. This became very apparent at the recent Wall Street Renewable Energy Finance Forum where I had the honor of speaking on a panel with natural gas experts to discuss whether natural gas and renewables were complements, collaborators, or competitors.1 The unanimous answer is that they are all of the above—complementary opposites that compete within the greater dynamic system of the energy industry.
Technology: Smart meters' usefulness investigated
Authors: Skinner R. Kenneth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIf a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? Maybe in the ninth grade you found yourself debating that question. I was recently told a joke about smart meters. What do you call a meter that is not a smart meter? A dumb meter! OK, it's a pretty lame joke, but it did get me thinking about the falling tree debate. If your utility installs a smart meter but it does not change your energy consumption choices, is it really a smart meter? What is it then?
Dual functions of perirhinal cortex in fear conditioning
Authors: Kent Brianne A. , Brown Thomas H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe present review examines the role of perirhinal cortex (PRC) in Pavlovian fear conditioning. The focus is on rats, partly because so much is known, behaviorally and neurobiologically, about fear conditioning in these animals. In addition, the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of rat PRC have been described in considerable detail at the cellular and systems levels. The evidence suggests that PRC can serve at least two types of mnemonic functions in Pavlovian fear conditioning. The first function, termed “stimulus unitization,” refers to the ability to treat two or more separate items or stimulus elements as a single entity. Supporting evidence for this perceptual function comes from studies of context conditioning as well as delay conditioning to discontinuous auditory cues. In a delay paradigm, the conditional stimulus (CS) and unconditional stimulus (US) overlap temporally and co‐terminate. The second PRC function entails a type of “transient memory.” Supporting evidence comes from studies of trace cue conditioning, where there is a temporal gap or trace interval between the CS offset and the US onset. For learning to occur, there must be a transient CS representation during the trace interval. We advance a novel neurophysiological mechanism for this transient representation. These two hypothesized functions of PRC are consistent with inferences based on non‐aversive forms of learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tree structure generation from ensemble forecasts for real time control
Authors: Raso L. , van de Giesen N. , Stive P. , Schwanenberg D. , van Overloop P. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a new methodology to generate a tree from an ensemble. The reason to generate a tree is to use the ensemble in multistage stochastic programming. A correct tree structure is of critical importance because it strongly affects the performance of the optimization. A tree, in contrast to an ensemble, specifies when its trajectories diverge from each other.A tree can be generated from the ensemble data by aggregating trajectories over time until the difference between them becomes such that they can no longer be assumed to be similar, at such a point, the tree branches.The proposed method models the information flow: it takes into account which observations will become available, at which moment, and their level of uncertainty, i.e. their probability distributions (pdf). No conditions are imposed on those distributions.The method is well suited to trajectories that are close to each other at the beginning of the forecasting horizon and spread out going on in time, as ensemble forecasts typically are. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Up‐scaling potential impacts on water flows from agricultural water interventions: opportunities and trade‐offs in the Osman Sagar catchment, Musi sub‐basin, India
Authors: Garg Kaushal K. , Wani Suhas P. , Barron Jennie , Karlberg Louise , Rockstrom Johan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAgricultural water management (AWM) has been shown to improve and secure yields in the tropics and has been suggested as an important way to combat poverty in the region. In this paper, we describe potential impacts on upstream and downstream flows of extensive AWM interventions, using the watershed development programme of the Osman Sagar catchment of Musi sub‐basin, Andhra Pradesh semi‐arid India, as an example. Various AWM interventions are compared with a non‐intervention state and the current state of the study area, using 31 years of data by application of the calibrated and validated ARCSWAT 2005 (Version 2.1.4a) modelling tool. Different AWM interventions contribute to improved livelihoods of upstream smallholder farmers by increasing soil moisture availability and groundwater recharge, which can subsequently be used for irrigation. The result is higher crop production and hence larger incomes. Moreover, lower flow intensities and sediment losses reduced by 30–50%, reducing the risk of flooding and sediment accumulation in the Osman Sagar drinking water reservoir. On the other hand, AWM interventions are predicted to result in reduced total water inflows to the Osman Sagar reservoir from 11% of the total annual rainfall (754 mm) recorded at present, to 8% if AWM interventions were implemented at large scale throughout the catchment. A cost–benefit analysis of AWM interventions showed that the highest net economic returns were achieved at intermediate intervention levels (only in‐situ AWM). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A field investigation of the sediment transport characteristics of a high sediment load intermittent river in Taiwan
Authors: Su Chih‐Chiang , Lu Jau‐Yau , Hong Jian‐Hao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMost rivers in Taiwan are intermittent rivers with relatively steep slopes and carry rapid sediment‐laden flows during typhoon or monsoon seasons. A series of field experiments was conducted to collect suspended load data at the Tzu‐Chiang Bridge hydrological station of the lower Cho‐Shui River, which is a major river with the highest sediment yield in Taiwan. The river reach was aggrading with a high aspect ratio during the 1980s. Because of sand mining and extreme floods, it was incised and has had a relatively narrow main channel in recent years. The experimental results indicated that typical sediment transport equations can correctly predict the bed material load for low or medium sediment transport rates (e.g. less than about 1000 tons/day‐m). However, these equations far underestimate the bed material load for high sediment transport rates. The effects of cross‐sectional geometry change (i.e. river incision) and earthquakes on the sediment load were investigated in this study. An empirical sediment transport equation with consideration of the aspect ratio was also derived using the field data collected before and after river incision. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer overall and by hormone receptor status: The European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Authors: Steindorf Karen , Ritte Rebecca , Eomois Piia‐Piret , Lukanova Annekatrin , Tjonneland Anne , Johnsen Nina Føns , Overvad Kim , Østergaard Jane Nautrup , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Fournier Agnès , Dossus Laure , Teucher Birgit , Rohrmann Sabine , Boeing Heiner , Wientzek Angelika , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karapetyan Tina , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Masala Giovanna , Berrino Franco , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Ricceri Fulvio , Quirós J.Ramón , Travier Noémie , Sánchez María‐José , Navarro Carmen , Ardanaz Eva , Amiano Pilar , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H.B(as). , van Duijnhoven Franzel , Monninkhof Evelyn , May Anne M. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Key Tim J. , Travis Ruth C. , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Sund Malin , Andersson Anne , Fedirko Veronika , Rinaldi Sabina , Romieu Isabelle , Wahrendorf Jürgen , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhysical activity is associated with reduced risks of invasive breast cancer. However, whether this holds true for breast cancer subtypes defined by the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR) status is controversial. The study included 257,805 women from the multinational EPIC‐cohort study with detailed information on occupational, recreational and household physical activity and important cofactors assessed at baseline. During 11.6 years of median follow‐up, 8,034 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Data on ER, PR and combined ER/PR expression were available for 6,007 (67.6%), 4,814 (54.2%) and 4,798 (53.9%) cases, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by proportional hazards models. Breast cancer risk was inversely associated with moderate and high levels of total physical activity (HR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–0.99, HR = 0.87, 95%‐CI: 0.79–0.97, respectively; p‐trend = 0.002), compared to the lowest quartile. Among women diagnosed with breast cancer after age 50, the largest risk reduction was found with highest activity (HR = 0.86, 95%‐CI: 0.77–0.97), whereas for cancers diagnosed before age 50 strongest associations were found for moderate total physical activity (HR = 0.78, 95%‐CI: 0.64–0.94). Analyses by hormone receptor status suggested differential associations for total physical activity (p‐heterogeneity = 0.04), with a somewhat stronger inverse relationship for ER+/PR+ breast tumors, primarily driven by PR+ tumors (p‐heterogeneity < 0.01). Household physical activity was inversely associated with ER–/PR– tumors. The results of this largest prospective study on the protective effects of physical activity indicate that moderate and high physical activity are associated with modest decreased breast cancer risk. Heterogeneities by receptor status indicate hormone‐related mechanisms.