bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediatization of war. The state of the research field in the period 2018-2022
Authors: Kopecka Katarzyna , Ehrlén Veera , Dyksik Dorota , Sobiech Mateusz 
Published: July 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The mediatization of war represents one of many fields of mediatization research. In the face of numerous military crises and the dynamic development of media and digital technologies, the mediatization of armed conflicts is a key research area. At the same time, the relationship between media and war has been described as highly under-researched and in need of considerable investment in terms of concept development and empirical research. Also, the mediatization of war as a field of study is sometimes criticized. The aim of this research is to determine the state of the mediatization of war studies in the last five years.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The questions guiding the research were: 1) What is being specifically researched in the field?; 2) What are the main research questions and objectives of this research? A meta-analysis of publications from 2018–2022 available on Google Scholar was performed. ­Using strict selection criteria, 90 peer-reviewed publications from this period were extracted, coded and analyzed.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The geographical coverage of the examined issues and the places of research were defined. The specifics of research on the mediatization of war and methods used in this research field were determined.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The results indicate that indexed contemporary studies that deal with the mediatization of war are highly interdisciplinary. At the same time, they are focused on specific parts of the world, on a peculiar catalog of problems, and they are dominated by qualitative methodology.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: War is an area in which key sub-processes are diagnosed, both those comprising mediatization in the broadest sense (included processes) and those generated by mediatization (induced processes). These sub-processes determine the extent and transformative power of the mediatization taking place.
The Russian Strategy of Concept Substitution in Facebook and Telegram economic content. Example of the Russian–Ukrainian War in the Period 2014–2023
Authors: Viytovych Tetyana , Bilovska Nataliya 
Published: July 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To analyze manipulative pro-Russian materials on social networks during the war that apply the “replacement of concepts” method.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND METHODS: The main tasks are the timely detection and counteraction of Russian propaganda, which uses disinformation technologies in the information war against Ukraine; the use of visualization to disprove falsehoods, and determination of the use of the “replacement of concepts” method on social networks. The research methodology used on the Russian tactics of concept substitution on social platforms can be characterized as a synthesis of techniques that should be justified by the interchangeability of traditional objects of media research: author (initiator) – message – intermediary (mediator) – receiver. This research aims to synthesize and combine monitoring methods, content analysis, and comparative analysis.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Several publications were selected. Some contained inaccurate information, while others contained accurate, factual information. As a result of comparing these materials, disinformation was refuted, and the importance of timely detection of the “concept substitution” technique used by pro-Russian channels in the Ukrainian information space was described.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The study showed that Russian propaganda often uses concept substitution on Facebook and Telegram. This made it possible to explain how the most common tactics, technologies, and tools of concept substitution work and to fight against their spread.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In Russia’s war against Ukraine, Kremlin propaganda tries to alter linguistic reality by “suppressing” certain words. Words emphasizing the fact of war and its negative consequences have been banned in Russian media and social networks.
Mediatization and Mystique. Volodymyr Zelensky’s Self-Presentation on Instagram
Authors: Bucy Erik , Seigmund Claire 
Published: July 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This study uses mediatization theory and Goffman’s concept of self-presentation to explain the inseparable role of social media in the rise of Volodymyr Zelensky in Ukrainian politics and, since the Russian invasion, world consciousness. From the start, his political persona has been governed far more by media logic than political calculation, although the former has translated into the latter.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The analysis explores how Zelensky develops an iconic communication style through visual framing and other mediation techniques. Towards this end, we conduct a visual content analysis of images posted to his official Instagram account across three points in time: his candidacy, presidency before the invasion, and first year of the invasion. 100 images are sampled from each time period and subjected to detailed visual and nonverbal analysis.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Employing framing theory and Goffman’s notion of self-presentation, the study explains the Ukrainian leader’s skillful use of visual and nonverbal messaging to project an image of an everyman president and, beginning with the February 2022 invasion, emergent soldier-in-chief. The analysis also shows how specific visual appeals (e.g., facial expressions, Ukrainian symbols) and background settings influence Zelensky’s presentation over time.
RESEARCH RESULTS: Results show how the inclusion of more political, and then diplomatic and military, elites in posts during his presidency and year one of the invasion positions Zelensky as a recognized leader while solidifying his status as soldier-in-chief. Indeed, the ubiquity and universality of his soldier persona have become a widely recognized symbol of the fight for democratic freedom.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study illustrates how Zelensky utilizes social media, Instagram in particular, as a platform for compelling self-presentation while communicating a message of national unity and resolve. His ubiquitous media presence has introduced a new perspective on leadership during wartime.
Media Coverage of Mediation: Before and During the Russian–Ukrainian War
Authors: Escudero Carolina 
Published: July 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This study’s objective is to examine how mediation is presented in the news media stories before and during the outbreak of war.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem is an attempt to answer the question if in stories, whereas their headlines introduce the word “mediation” or “mediator,” respond to the concepts of mediation, peace, or war journalism. This documentary research analyzes 100 news published in Spanish, where we examine how the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is presented to the readers. In addition, three experts in culture of peace (from Spain, Mexico, and Colombia) were interviewed regarding the media portrayals of war and mediation.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This investigation begins with a recapitulation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; before and after the outbreak of the war, different personalities offered intervention as a possible mediation. Despite the intentions to mediate, the war broke out, and the international community continued to search for a mediator. Thus, the influence of the media using specific words like “mediation” deserves to be explored.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The study’s findings reveal that 85% of the analyzed media used a vocabulary whose style responds to war journalism and contradicts the idea of mediation in the bodies of the news stories. As a result, four categories emerge: self-proposed mediators, requested/expected mediators, mediating countries, and mediation experts.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This research demonstrates that the sense of mediation in media does not provide clarity but rather confusion. Even if the intention of mediation is covered, mostly, it is accompanied by a binary perspective of the conflict, which is the opposite of what mediation implies. The findings indicate a need to create spaces for training on culture and peace-building in the newsrooms to improve journalistic practices about armed conflicts.
Perbedaan Kebijakan Indonesia dan Vietnam di Tengah Kompetisi Vaksin Cina dan Amerika Serikat di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Saputra Oddie Bagus 
Published: July 2024

Tulisan ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya diferensiasi kebijakan antara Vietnam dan Indonesia dalam merespons kompetisi vaksin Cina dan Amerika Serikat. Konsep foreign policy decision making (FPDM) dari Alex Mintz dan Karl DeRouen Jr digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memotivasi Vietnam maupun Indonesia untuk menerapkan kebijakan (balancing maupun bandwagoning). Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah studi kasus pada dua negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara yakni Vietnam dan Indonesia.
Analisi ini menemukan bahwa Vietnam menerapkan kebijakan balancing dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman dalam memproduksi vaksin penyakit sebelumnya, advisory group (special working group Kemenkes, pengusaha, dan pengembang vaksin); ketidakpercayaan masyarakat Vietnam terhadap vaksin Cina dan kecurigaan terhadap isu Laut Cina Selatan; pemulihan status sebagai emerging middle power. Sementara itu, kebijakan bandwagoning Indonesia terkonstruksi oleh keterbatasan informasi dan waktu, advisory group (Menlu Retno Marsudi dan Presiden Joko Widodo), opini publik mengenai program vaksinasi, kepentingan ekonomi, vaccine nationalism, dan keterlambatan distribusi vaksin AstraZeneca.
Identification of Optimum Time for Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata Lugens) Sampling using the Light Traps
Authors: Ahmad Ariff Shah Nuraini , Mohd Noh Arina , J Nur Muhammad Hakim , M Mohd Zulfadzli , W. H. Wan Mohd Syafiq 
Published: July 2024

Monitoring brown planthopper (BPH) populations is essential to prevent damage and loss of paddy yields. Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has developed a light trap system to monitor the BPH pest population. Compared to the manual process, this system increased the efficiency of monitoring BPH pests by 50%. As the power source of the light trap system is limited, the time to capture the pest is limited to avoid the complication of counting the BPH population. Therefore, the objective of this study is to find the best time to capture the BPH samples that represent the actual BPH population of the night. Three light traps were installed at a paddy plot, MARDI Parit, Perak, Malaysia, to determine the best possible time for sampling. The experiment was carried out from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. At every one-hour interval, samples were taken, and the number of BPH trapped by each light trap system was manually counted. The result shows that the optimal time to capture BPH is between 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. By using a one-hour sampling time interval, the efficiency of monitoring the population can be increased and, at the same time, minimize power consumption of the light trap.
Properties of Nuclear Star Clusters in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Khim Donghyeon J. , Zaritsky Dennis , Lambert Mika , Donnerstein Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Using the Systematically Measuring Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies and Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs and our own reprocessing of the Legacy Survey imaging, we investigate the properties of nuclear star clusters (NSCs) in galaxies having central surface brightnesses as low as 27 mag arcsec−2. We identify 273 (123 with known redshift) and 32 NSC-bearing galaxies in the two samples, respectively, where we require candidate NSCs to have a separation of less than 0.10r

e
from the galaxy center. We find that galaxies with low central surface brightness (μ
0,g
> 24 mag arcsec−2) are more likely to contain an NSC if they (1) have a higher stellar mass, (2) have a higher stellar-to-total mass ratio, (3) have a brighter central surface brightness, (4) have a larger axis ratio, or (5) lie in a denser environment. Because of the correlations among these various quantities, it is likely that only one or two are true physical drivers. We also find scaling relations for the NSC mass with stellar mass (M
NSC/

M
⊙

=

10

6.02
±
0.03

(

M

*
,
gal

/

10
8

M
⊙

)

0.77
±
0.04

) and halo mass (M
NSC/

M
⊙

=

10

6.11
±
0.05

(

M

h
,
gal

/

10
10

M
⊙

)

0.92
±
0.05

), although it is the scaling with halo mass that is consistent with a direct proportionality. In galaxies with an NSC, M
NSC ≈ 10−4
M

h,gal. This proportionality echoes the finding of a direct proportionality between the mass (or number) of globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies and the galaxy’s total mass. These findings favor a related origin for GCs and NSCs.
A Contact Binary Misclassified as an Ellipsoidal Variable: Complications for Detached Black Hole Searches
Authors: O’Doherty Tyrone N. , Bahramian Arash , Goodwin Adelle J. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Orosz Jerome A. , Strader Jay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Identifying sources exhibiting ellipsoidal variability in large photometric surveys is becoming a promising method to search for candidate detached black holes (BHs) in binaries. This technique aims to exploit the orbital-phase-dependent modulation in optical photometry caused by the BH distorting the shape of the luminous star to constrain the mass ratio of the binary. Without understanding if, or how much, contamination is present in the candidate BH samples produced by this new technique it is hard to leverage them for BH discovery. Here, we follow up one of the best candidates identified from Gaia Data Release 3, Gaia DR3 4042390512917208960, with a radial velocity (RV) campaign. Combined photometric and RV modeling, along with spectral disentangling, suggests that the true mass ratio (the mass of the unseen object divided by the mass of the luminous star) is an order of magnitude smaller than that inferred assuming the modulations arise from ellipsoidal variability. We therefore infer that this system is likely a contact binary, or on the boundary of both stars nearly filling their Roche lobes; however, further observations are required to confidently detect the secondary. We find that the well-known problem of discriminating between ellipsoidal and contact binary light curves results in a larger contamination from contact binaries than previously suggested. Until ellipsoidal variables can be reliably distinguished from contact binaries, samples of BH candidates selected based on ellipsoidal variability are likely to be highly contaminated by contact binaries or similar systems.
Study of Double-mode RR Lyrae Stars in the Stripe 82 Region Using SDSS and ZTF
Authors: Varma Vaidehi , Ngeow Chow-Choong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
RRd stars are a subclass of RR Lyrae stars that pulsate simultaneously in the fundamental and the first-overtone radial modes. We report the analysis of 10 RRd stars discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 region of the Galactic halo using SDSS and Zwicky Transient Facility data. By combining the two data sets, we constructed ∼23 yr long lightcurves in gri bands, and conclude that out of 10, 9 were the classical RRd stars and 1 was the anomalous RRd star. We also observed the long-term variation, the Blazhko effect, in 3 classical RRd stars out of 10 stars, giving an incidence rate of 30%. The shortest Blazhko period observed was 226.4 ± 0.8 days and the longest was 2799 ± 75 days.
Reconstruction of Cosmic Black Hole Growth and Mass Distribution from Quasar Luminosity Functions at z > 4: Implications for Faint and Low-mass Populations in JWST
Authors: Li Wenxiu , Inayoshi Kohei , Onoue Masafusa , He Wanqiu , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Pan Zhiwei , Akiyama Masayuki , Izumi Takuma , Nagao Tohru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The evolution of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) is fundamental to understanding the cosmic evolution of black holes (BHs) through their accretion phases. In the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Euclid, and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, their unprecedented detection sensitivity and wide survey area can unveil the low-luminosity quasar and low-mass BH population, and provide new insights into quasar host galaxies. We present a theoretical model describing BH growth from initial seeding at z ≳ 20 to ∼ 4, incorporating the duration of accretion episodes, the distribution of Eddington ratios, and the mass dependency of BH accretion rates. By constraining the model parameters with the observed QLFs at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 across a wide UV luminosity range, we find that the high-redshift BH population grows rapidly at z ≳ 6, and decelerates the pace in subsequent epochs. Toward lower redshifts (z < 6), mass-dependent accretion inhibits the growth of high-mass BHs with M
• > 108
M
⊙, leading to mass saturation at M
• ≳ 1010
M
⊙. We predict the BH mass function down to M
• ∼ 106
M
⊙ for both unobscured and obscured quasar populations at 4 ≤ z ≤ 11, offering a benchmark for future observational tests. Our model accounts for the presence of both bright and faint quasars at z > 4, including those discovered by JWST. Furthermore, our findings suggest two distinct pathways for the early assembly of the BH–galaxy mass correlation: the population with a BH-to-stellar-mass ratio near the local value of M
•/M
⋆ ≃ 5 × 10−3 maintains proximity to the relation via moderate growth, while the population that begins to grow above the local relation becomes as overmassive as M
•/M
⋆ ∼ 0.01–0.1 by z ∼ 6 via rapid mass accretion.
Comparing the VANDELS Sample to a Zoom-in Radiative Hydrodynamical Simulation: Using the Si ii and C ii Line Spectra as Tracers of Galaxy Evolution and Lyman Continuum Leakage
Authors: Gazagnes Simon , Cullen Fergus , Mauerhofer Valentin , Begley Ryan , Berg Danielle , Blaizot Jeremy , Chisholm John , Garel Thibault , Leclercq Floriane , McLure Ross J. , Verhamme Anne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compare mock ultraviolet C ii and Si ii absorption and emission line features generated using a ∼109
M
⊙ virtual galaxy with observations of 131 z ∼ 3 galaxies from the vandels survey. We find that the mock spectra reproduce reasonably well a large majority (83%) of the vandels spectra (χ
2 < 2), but do not resemble the most massive objects (⪆1010
M
⊙), which exhibit broad absorption features. Interestingly, the best-matching mock spectra originate from periods of intense star formation in the virtual galaxy, where its luminosity is 4 times higher than in periods of relative quiescence. Furthermore, for each galaxy, we predict the Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fractions (

f

esc

(
pred
)

LyC

) using the environment of the virtual galaxy. We derive an average

f

esc

(
pred
)

LyC

of 0.01 ± 0.02, consistent with other estimates from the literature. The

f

esc

(
pred
)

LyC

are tightly correlated with the Lyα escape fractions and highly consistent with observed empirical trends. Additionally, galaxies with larger

f

esc

(
pred
)

LyC

exhibit bluer β slopes, more Lyα flux, and weaker low-ionization absorption lines. Building upon the good agreement between

f

esc

(
pred
)

LyC

and observationally established LyC diagnostics, we examine the LyC leakage mechanisms in the simulation. We find that LyC photon leakage is enhanced in directions where the observed flux dominantly emerges from compact regions depleted of neutral gas and dust, mirroring the scenario inferred from observational data. In general, this study further highlights the potential of high-resolution radiation hydrodynamics simulations in analyzing UV absorption and emission line features and providing valuable insights into the LyC leakage of star-forming galaxies.
Binding Energies of N-bearing Species on Interstellar Water Ice Mantles by Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Martínez-Bachs Berta , Ferrero Stefano , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Ugliengo Piero , Rimola Albert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Of the about 300 gas-phase molecular species so far detected in the interstellar medium (ISM), mostly via observations of their rotational lines, around 40% contain nitrogen (N) atoms. Likewise, of the less than a dozen interstellar molecules, firmly or likely detected in the solid-state water-dominated icy matrix by means of infrared observations, two bear N. A crucial parameter that regulates whether a species is in the gas or adsorbed on the icy phase is their binding energy (BE) toward the icy grain. Therefore, an accurate quantification of the BE is of paramount importance to properly model the ISM chemistry through numerical models. However, very few BEs are available in the literature, either determined experimentally or theoretically. In the present study, we calculate the BEs of 21 among the most abundant interstellar N-bearing species. We adopted two structural water ice models, representing a crystalline and an amorphous surface, using a reliable cost-effective procedure based on the density functional theory. While on the crystalline surface model only one BE per species is obtained due to the high symmetry of the unit cell, on the amorphous model from 5 to 10 BEs are obtained, due to its richer surface morphological variety. Most of our computed BEs agree with available experimental and other computational values. Finally, we discuss how the newly computed BEs can help estimate which N-bearing species can be frozen at the water snow line and, therefore, incorporated in water-rich ice planetesimals.
The 2018 Outburst of MAXI J1820+070 as Seen by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Fan Ningyue , Li Songyu , Zhan Rui , Liu Honghui , Zhang Zuobin , Bambi Cosimo , Ji Long , Ma Xiang , Steiner James F. , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Zhou Menglei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of the whole 2018 outburst of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 with Insight-HXMT data. We focus our study on the temporal evolution of the parameters of the source. We employ two different models to fit the disk’s thermal spectrum: the Newtonian model diskbb and the relativistic model nkbb. These two models provide different pictures of the source in the soft state. With diskbb, we find that the inner edge of the disk is close to the innermost stable circular orbit of a fast-rotating black hole and the corona changes geometry from the hard to the soft state. With nkbb, we find that the disk is truncated in the soft state and that the coronal geometry does not change significantly during the whole outburst. However, the model with nkbb can predict an untruncated disk around a fast-rotating black hole if we assume that the disk inclination angle is around 30° (instead of ∼60°, which is the inclination angle of the jet and is usually adopted as the disk inclination angle in the literature) and we employ a high-density reflection model. In such a case, we measure a high value of the black hole spin parameter with observations in the soft state, in agreement with the high spin value found from the analysis of the reflection features and in disagreement with the low spin value found by previous continuum-fitting method measurements with the disk inclination angle set to the value of the jet inclination angle.