bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy among Nigerian university undergraduates
Authors: Akpunne Bede C. , Idowu Oladoyin , Kumuyi Daniel O. , Akpunne Elizabeth N. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Academic self-efficacy refers to the student’s beliefs and attitudes toward their capabilities to achieve academic success, as well as belief in their ability to fulfil academic tasks and the successful learning of the materials. The influence of dyslexia on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among Nigerian students is underresearched in this study. This study investigated the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
A total of 460 undergraduates purposively drawn from the University of Lagos, Nigeria, of over 10,000 undergraduate population, with a mean age of 26 ± 5 years, responded to the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the dyslexia adult checklist, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and Adult Reading History Questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the regression analysis and T-tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
The results showed that dyslexia is a significant predictor of academic self-efficacy (β = 0.34, t = 7.31, P < 0.01). Dyslexia strongly predicted performance in examination [β = 0.32, F = 48.18, P = 0.00], comprehension [β = 0.32, F = 33.54, P = 0.00], school adjustment [β = 0.32, F = 35.86, P = 0.00], reading skill [β = 0.21, F = 18.65, P = 0.00], working memory [β = 0.26, F = 28.5, P = 0.00], and time management [β = 0.21, F = 19.8, P = 0.00] among the undergraduates. In addition, dyslexia significantly predicted psychological distress [t 41) = 1.40, P = 0.65]. Gender had no significant influence on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among the participants [t 41) = 1.33, P = 0.19].

CONCLUSION:
Dyslexia is a strong predictor of academic self-efficacy and psychological distress. Male and female Nigerian undergraduates have similar academic self-efficacy and psychological distress.
Impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration on functional outcome, level of independence, and survival among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests: A pilot study
Authors: Amirtharaj Anandhi D. , Suresh Malarvizhi , Murugesan Navaneetha , Kurien Mony , Karnam Ali H. F. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of cardiac arrest (CA), which are presented as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). To assess the impact of CPR duration on the functional outcome, level of independence, and survival among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This prospective longitudinal pilot study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Data were collected using consecutive sampling techniques from nine patients with IHCA, and outcomes were measured using the cerebral performance category (CPC) and Katz level of independence (LOI) during the immediate post-CPR, 30th day, and 90th day. Based on the principles of pilot study design, descriptive statistics was used to analyze the results. Inferential statistics analysis was not applicable based on the sample size of the pilot study.

RESULTS:
Nine patients were included in this pilot study. The mean and median age of the patients were 48.11 ± 8.66 (46, IQR, 32-67 years) and 77.8% were male patients. The primary medical diagnosis was cardiology and neurology conditions among 44.4% and 22.2% of patients. The mean and median CPR duration was 12.11 ± 4.59 minutes (IQR, 8-15.50) and 44.4% achieved a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with a mean ROSC time of 5.56 ± 7.418. The mean CPC score in the immediate post-CPR period and 30th day was 4 ± 1.732 and 4.56 ± 1.33, with mortality of 66.7% and 33.3% survivors in the immediate post-CPR period. While the mean LOI score among the survivors during the immediate post-CPR and 30th day was zero and four. which highlights the complete dependency of patients during the immediate post-CPR with significant improvement by the 30th day and unchanged until the 90th day.

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall mortality and survival were 88.8% and 11.1%, respectively, by the 90th day. The pilot study is feasible at the end of the study. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining CA, an additional tertiary hospital was included in the larger study.
Community awareness initiative about antimicrobial resistance: An educational intervention by medical undergraduates
Authors: Rajopadhye Bhagyashri D. , Londhe Vasundhara A. , Pingle Nivedita A. , Dhande Priti P. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and an important consequence of inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs). Studies have observed that a lack of awareness of AMR among healthcare professionals as well as consumers results in the irrational use of AMAs, a significant driver of AMR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This educational intervention study was undertaken to assess community awareness regarding AMAs and AMR and to educate them. Ten volunteer students from II MBBS were made aware of AMR, its impact and measures to reduce resistance through a lecture by Pharmacology faculty. Students interacted with 220 family representatives in the community to assess their knowledge about AMAs and AMR using a 15-item pre-validated questionnaire. Charts, videos, and role-play were used to impart knowledge about the rational use of AMAs, AMR, and its consequences. Participants’ understanding was ensured with feedback taken on Lickert scale.

RESULTS:
Students interacted with the study participants and found that most were aware of the term ‘antibiotic’ (90.8%), but 67% were clueless regarding antibiotic resistance. The purpose of AMA use was not adequately known to 43% as they mentioned using these for diarrhea, viral fever, cough, cold, and sore throat. AMAs were purchased by 40% of participants as OTC medicine, whereas Azithromycin and Amoxicillin were the AMAs they could remember by name. The reasons for buying OTC antibiotics were the inconvenience of doctors’ clinic timings, unaffordable consultation charges, and easy antibiotic availability. Students also learned about communication etiquette during this community interaction. This educational intervention proved helpful as the participants agreed that the unnecessary use of AMAs makes them ineffective and AMR is preventable by simple measures.

CONCLUSION:
A multifactorial approach involving prescribers, regulatory Government authorities and general public is needed to control irrational use of antimicrobials. Timely interventions are necessary to increase the awareness of AMR in the community.
Does school climate affect student well-being? Anxiety in school situations as a predictor of stress in high-school students
Authors: Fernández-Sogorb Aitana , Jiménez-Ayala Carlos E. , Cargua Nancy I. , Aparicio-Flores María Pilar , Antón Nuria , García-Fernández José Manuel 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:When the school climate is not ideal and coping skills for school situations are not strengthened in adolescents, school anxiety and stress may be manifested, potentially harming development and mental health during adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the predictive ability of school anxiety on elevated levels of stress in high-school students.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional predictive study was conducted with 1588 students aged 12–18 (M = 14.82; SD = 1.86) years in 2023. The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered to the participants. An inferential data analysis method was applied. Specifically, binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. The influence of school anxiety on stress was examined using the odds ratio statistic.RESULTS:The total score on school anxiety (OR = 1.02), the situational factors: anxiety about aggression (OR = 1.03), anxiety regarding social evaluation (OR = 1.02), anxiety about failure and school punishment (OR = 1.03), and anxiety about school evaluation (OR = 1.04), as well as the response systems: cognitive (OR = 1.04), behavioral (OR = 1.08), and psychophysiological (OR = 1.04), positively and significantly (P= 0.000) influenced the high scores on stress.CONCLUSION:The results demonstrate the need to detect school anxiety in adolescents at an early state to intervene in both anxiety-provoking situations and responses and in the resulting high stress. Similarly, schools should promote mental health work and self-regulation to prepare students for adult life.
Psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Omani nurses: Strategies for nursing practice
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed Ghalib 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:This study investigated the psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Oman’s nurses, highlighting the importance of changing negative attitudes toward mental health among healthcare professionals. Nurses face difficult circumstances and serve as role models. Creating supportive environments can improve treatment quality and public awareness and reduce social stigma, ultimately contributing to better care and quality of life.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling approach. A sample of 205 nurses working in Oman completed the study questionnaires, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the attitude toward seeking professional psychological distress scale, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The survey was distributed between May and June 2023.RESULT:The study found that most participants had moderate psychological distress (43.22%, n = 67) and a low attitude toward seeking professional psychological help (66.67%, n = 48). There were significant differences in distress based on gender (P< 0.001), marital status (P< 0.001), and working department (F = 3.140,P= 0.004), while attitude had significant differences based on gender (P< 0.001) and marital status (P< 0.001). The study also found no significant correlation between psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking help among Oman’s nurses (T (1, 204) = 0.019,P= 0.985), with a r2of 0.005.CONCLUSION:Nurses must be trained to handle stress and job strain from terminally ill patients, complex cases, and difficult situations. They should prioritize psychological assistance as a sign of strength and self-awareness as it demonstrates stability and self-awareness in nursing. This can be promoted by obtaining education, enhancing healthcare accessibility, and providing a support system.
Effect of early ambulation on comfort and vascular complications following electrophysiological studies: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Puliyakkuth Unnikrishnan , Ramamoorthy Lakshmi , Selvaraj Raja J , Lalthanthuami Hmar Thiak , Subramaniyan Rani 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Imposed immobilization after electrophysiological studies (EPS) is known to cause different complications. The current study aims to assess the effect of early ambulation on comfort and vascular complications among patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization for EPS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Hundred participants were assigned to control and intervention groups (50 each) using block randomization. The control group participants were ambulated at 6 hours after EPS. For the intervention group, participants were kept in the supine position with procedure-side leg extension for the first 2 hours, followed by 30° head-end elevation and turning to the left/right side for 30 min, and finally ambulation at the end of 3 hours. Both groups were assessed for vital signs, groin and back pain, satisfaction, bleeding, hematoma, and bladder pattern at the 6th and 24th hour after EPS. Data analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent student t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

RESULTS:
The level of back pain and groin pain was significantly lower in intervention group after 6 hours (P < 0.001) and after 24 hours (P < 0.05). Urinary problem was not reported in intervention group, whereas Eleven (22%), participants in the control group did not void at 6 hours (P < 0.001). Two patients in intervention group developed bleeding at 6 hours, and one patient in control group developed bleeding at 24 hours. Hematoma development was absent for both groups.

CONCLUSION:
Early ambulation at 3 hours after EPS is suggested to reduce back pain, groin pain, and urinary problem, without risk for vascular complications.
Epidemiological characteristics and surveillance of animal bite injuries, in Kerman city, Iran
Authors: Davarani Fatemeh Rezabeigi , Khaleghi Hakimeh , Khanjani Narges , Domari Asma Amiri , Raesi Rasoul , Daneshi Salman 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Animal bites are a major threat to human health. The present study was designed to determine the incidence and epidemiological factors and to investigate the process of referral and treatment of animal bite cases in Kerman city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. All the cases of animal bites that were referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers under the coverage of Kerman health center during 2019 and 2021 were investigated. The data were collected from the health center of Kerman city in Excel form that was registered in the portal of the Ministry of Health. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in SPSS24 software to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
In this study, 5407 people (4076 men and 1331 women) were bitten by animals. The average incidence of animal bites was 313 per hundred thousand people. The mean ± SD age of the injured was 31.38 ± 17.72 years. 73.2% of cases of attacking animals were dogs, and half of those dogs had owners. 58.6% of cases were injured in the hand, and 94.2% referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers in the first 48 h after the bite. No cases of animal-bitten deaths were reported during this period. Between gender (P = 0.006), age (P = 0.013), place of residence (P = 0.003), occupation (P < 0.000), history of previous bites and vaccinations (P = 0.001), and injured limb (P < 0.000) and not going to receive the next round of vaccinations, there was a statistically significant correlation.

CONCLUSION:
Animal bites are a major health problem in Kerman, and due to creating health problems and economic losses, it is necessary to take serious action to control and prevent this health threat.
Study of high-risk behaviors and their relationship with psychological factors in Iranian high school students
Authors: Malayen Samira , Hasanpoor-Azghady Seyedeh Batool , Amiri-Farahani Leila 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Scientific evidence suggests that certain psychological factors may contribute to the occurrence of high-risk behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the high-risk behaviors and their relationship with psychological factors in Iranian high school students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study involved 1100 high school students (564 boys and 536 girls). The subjects were selected from a total population of 9488 students using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected through a general information questionnaire (GIQ) and the Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARS). The GIQ consisted of two parts: demographic information and psychological factors. These factors, including false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, risk-taking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, handsomeness, tiredness of monotony, and enjoyment, were extracted with a deductive-centered approach by reviewing the literature. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and multiple linear regression) were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the total mean score of high-risk behaviors was 62.12, lower than the middle scale. The highest mean score of high-risk behaviors was associated with a tendency to dangerous driving, while the lowest mean score was related to the tendency to drug abuse. All psychological variables demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with high-risk behaviors (P < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, all psychological variables except risk-seeking and handsomeness remained significant predictors of high-risk behaviors. These variables included false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, tired of monotony, and hedonism. They explained 29% of changes in high-risk behaviors. Among these variables, excitement-seeking was the most effective in predicting high-risk behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most of the psychological variables in the present study explained high-risk behaviors. Paying attention to these variables can provide a more comprehensive view for parents and experts whose goal is to provide educational and counseling programs to reduce high-risk behaviors among adolescents.
Investigating the mediating role of anxiety in academic burnout and academic performance of rehabilitation sciences students
Authors: Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Saneii Seyed Hassan , Nahardani Seyedeh Zahra , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Kohan Noushin , Mansouri Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Mental disorders during student life can have destructive effects on students’ learning and academic progress. This study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of anxiety variable in academic burnout and academic performance in students studying Rehabilitation at the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current research enjoys a descriptive and correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all rehabilitation students of IUMS in 2022. The total number of students was 475; finally, 213 were randomly recruited as samples. The sample size was obtained using Cochran’s formula. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, simple relationships of variables were used. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 25, using the path analysis. The path analysis was used to investigate the mediating role of anxiety.

RESULTS:
There is a significant negative correlation between academic burnout and academic performance (P < 0.002; r = −0.223). Also, there is a negative and significant correlation between the mediator variable of anxiety and the dependent variable of academic performance (−0.247), and a positive and significant correlation exists between the mediator variable of anxiety and the independent variable of academic burnout (0.207).

CONCLUSION:
Anxiety and academic burnout can reduce students’ academic performance. Considering that most students will face stress during their studies for various reasons, coping strategies should be taught to them to prevent their academic burnout and academic failure.
Effects of educational intervention based on childbirth scenarios on fear of childbirth in primiparous women
Authors: Shaliha Farnaz , Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh , Bostani-Khalesi Zahra , Maroufizadeh Saman , Alimoradi Zainab 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:Fear of childbirth (FOC) is one of the common reasons for choosing cesarean delivery without medical indications. The present study aimed to assess the effect of childbirth scenario-based educational intervention on FOC in primiparous women.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was conducted on 72 primiparous women attending comprehensive health care centers in Qazvin, Iran, in 2021. Participants were randomly placed in the control group (n= 38) and the intervention group (n= 34). The participants in the intervention group read the booklet of childbirth scenarios once a week for eight weeks. Data were collected using the demographic-fertility questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) before the intervention, eight weeks after the intervention, and the first week after delivery. Data analysis was carried out using independentt-test, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).RESULTS:By controlling the FOC scores before the intervention, the mean total FOC scores eight weeks after the intervention and in the first week after delivery in the intervention group were significantly 34 units (95% CI: 27.3–40.7) and 22.9 units (95% CI: 14.6–31.1) lower than the control group respectively (P< 0.001).CONCLUSION:Based on the results, childbirth scenario-based intervention can effectively reduce FOC among primiparous women. Healthcare providers, especially midwives, can benefit from applying childbirth scenario-based intervention in prenatal care to reduce the FOC of pregnant women.
Investigating the impact of haptotherapy on maternal–fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies
Authors: Atabakhsh Tahmineh , Salehi Kobra , Mohammadi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Mothers who experience unplanned pregnancies tend to show less maternal attachment to the fetus, which can lead to diminished self-care during pregnancy, and affect well-being of the fetus. Consequently, unintended pregnancies are associated with heightened maternal and fetal consequences due to mothers’ negligence. Hippotherapy intervention has emerged as a viable approach to enhance maternal-fetal communication. The ultimate goal of this study was to broaden our current understanding of haptotherapy’s impact on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This field trial research was conducted at comprehensive health centers in Isfahan using convenient sampling method. The study consisted of two groups of mothers, each consisting of 33 individuals with unplanned pregnancies between 20 to 24 weeks. The experimental group received haptotherapy intervention for 10 weeks, while the control group received standard pregnancy care. For data collection the participants were given demographic and fertility questionnaire prior to the study, and Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment questionnaire both before and after the study. Moreover, T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in the average maternal-fetal attachment scores between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.56). However, a significant increase became apparent after the intervention. The experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in the mean attachment scores compared to their pre-intervention levels (t=-9.20, P = 0<0.001). In contrast, the control group’s score remained unchanged, with no significant difference observed (=1.69, P = 0.1).

CONCLUSION:
Haptotherapy has been found to enhance maternal-fetal attachment in mothers experiencing unplanned pregnancies. This valuable intervention is recommended as an innovative and secure approach in maternal health care services to help reduce the potential complications associated with such pregnancies.