bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Allene Synthesis from Alkynes and Aryl Bromides Through an Intramolecular Base‐Assisted Deprotonation (iBAD) Mechanism.
Authors: Nella Natalie , Parker Evelyne , Hitce Julien , Larini Paolo , Jazzar Rodolphe , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe scope of the reaction is investigated with respect to the substituents on the alkyne and an intramolecular application of the process is also described.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Nitriles by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation.
Authors: Frueh Natalja , Togni Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe vanadium catalyzed reaction of silyl ketene imines with hypervalent iodine reagent (II) produces α‐trifluoromethyl nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Arenediazonium O‐Benzenedisulfonimides.
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTitle diazonium salts are used for the first time as electrophilic partners in Negishi cross coupling reactions to produce biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereospecific Synthesis of C‐3 Functionalized Proline Derivatives by Palladium Catalyzed Directed C(sp3)—H Arylation.
Authors: Affron Dominic P. , Davis Owen A. , Bull James A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPd‐catalyzed C—H functionalization stereospecifically installs hetero‐aryl and vinyl substituents at the unactivated 3‐position of proline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridyl Thiazoles as Novel anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Agents: Structural Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation.
Authors: de Oliveira Cardoso Marcos Verissimo , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe majority of new compounds (III) and (V) are potent cruzain inhibitors and show similar or greater trypanocidal efficacy than standard drug benznidazole, used for treatment of Chagas disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Imidation of C(sp3)—H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen Atoms of Aryl Ethers under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Xin , Li Gang , Zhu Zhonghong , Jiang Yongqing , Xiao Beibei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFor the first time the oxidative C—N bond formation of ethers with pharmacological saccharin and its derivatives proceeds under environmentally benign conditions and do not require a metal catalyst and the rigorous exclusion of air.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Synthesis by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Assembly of Aryl Bromides with Amidoximes or Hydrazides.
Authors: Andersen Thomas L. , Caneschi Wiliam , Ayoub Ali , Lindhardt Anders T. , Couri Mara R. C. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe carbon monoxide is formed ex‐situ from COgen in a separate chamber and is continuously subjected to the reaction mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aryl Tetrazoles via Direct C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Wang Liang , Wu Wenting , Chen Qun , He Mingyang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA straightforward route for the synthesis of o‐alkenylaryl tetrazoles via Rh‐catalyzed C—H olefination of aryl tetrazoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano α‐Al2O3 Supported Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (NH4H2PO4/Al2O3): Preparation, Characterization and Its Application as a Novel and Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Ashrafi Samaneh Sedigh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDerivatives of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran [(IV), (VI), and (VIII)] and pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole [(X) and (XII)] are synthesized through a simple, efficient and environmentally benign three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation for the Synthesis of 2‐N‐Pyridylmethyl Benzonitriles and an Exploration of Its Synthetic Utility.
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Zhang Min , Xie Feng , Wang Xiaoting , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTitle compounds (III) as well as 2‐N‐benzyl benzonitriles [like (VIId)] are synthesized using an easily available Ru catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphathiahelicenes: Synthesis and Uses in Enantioselective Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Aillard Paul , Voituriez Arnaud , Dova Davide , Cauteruccio Silvia , Licandro Emanuela , Marinetti Angela 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn enantiopure phosphathiahelicene is prepared and successfully applied as the catalyst for the enantioselective cycloisomerization of N‐tethered enynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of exo‐Enamides from Protected Lactams Using a Modified Julia Olefination Reaction: Application to the Synthesis of Spiroaminal Fragments.
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Habib Samuel , Medoc Marie , Goekjian Peter G. , Gueyrard David , Gillaizeau Isabelle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLactams (I), (IX), and (XIV) are tested as substrates in the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Amphoricarpolides from the Surface Extracts of Amphoricarpos Complex from Montenegro.
Authors: Cvetkovic Mirjana , Dordevic Iris , Jadranin Milka , Vajs Vlatka , Vuckovic Ivan , Menkovic Nebojsa , Milosavljevic Slobodan , Tesevic Vele 
Published: March 2015

Abstractisolation and characterization of nine new sesquiterpene lactones with guaianolide skeleton (structure examples (I)‐(III)) along with eight known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (R,R,R)‐α‐Tocopherol Through Asymmetric Cu‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Termath Andreas Ole , Sebode Hanna , Schlundt Waldemar , Stemmler Rene T. , Netscher Thomas , Bonrath Werner , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn efficient and conceptually novel synthesis of α‐tocopherol from readily available starting materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1D Sb2S3 Nanostructures and Its Application in Visible‐Light‐Driven Photodegradation for MO.
Authors: Zhang Hulin , Hu Chenguo , Ding Yong , Lin Yuan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe title nanostructures with different morphologies are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of SbCl3, urea, and thiourea (leading to nanotubes) or Na2S (leading to nanowires), or solvothermally (leading to nanorods) from mixtures of ethylene glycol, SbCl3, and thiourea or Na2S (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
Spectral Imaging to Measure Heterogeneity in Membrane Lipid Packing
Authors: Sezgin Erdinc , Waithe Dominic , Bernardino de la Serna Jorge , Eggeling Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of the plasma membrane have been shown to play an important role in cellular functionality. Among those properties, the molecular order of the lipids, or the lipid packing, is of high importance. Changes in lipid packing are believed to compartmentalize cellular signaling by initiating coalescence and conformational changes of proteins. A common way to infer membrane lipid packing is by using membrane‐embedded polarity‐sensitive dyes, whose emission spectrum is dependent on the molecular order of the immediate membrane environment. Here, we report on an improved determination of such spectral shifts in the emission spectrum of the polarity‐sensitive dyes. This improvement is based on the use of spectral imaging on a scanning confocal fluorescence microscope in combination with an improved analysis, which considers the whole emission spectrum instead of just single wavelength ranges. Using this approach and the polarity‐sensitive dyes C‐Laurdan or Di‐4‐ANEPPDHQ, we were able to image—with high accuracy—minute differences in the lipid packing of model and cellular membranes.
Optimization of a Planar All‐Polymer Transistor for Characterization of Barrier Tissue
Authors: Ramuz Marc , Margita Kaleigh , Hama Adel , Leleux Pierre , Rivnay Jonathan , Bazin Ingrid , Owens Róisín M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a unique device that shows great promise for sensing in biomedical applications such as monitoring of the integrity of epithelial tissue. It is a label‐free sensor that is amenable to low‐cost production by roll‐to‐roll or other printing technologies. Herein, the optimization of a planar OECT for the characterization of barrier tissue is presented. Evaluation of surface coating, gate biocompatibility and performance, and optimization of the geometry of the transistor are highlighted. The conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), which is used as the active material in the transistor, has the added advantage of allowing significant light transmission compared to traditional electrode materials and thus permits high‐quality optical microscopy. The combination of optical and electronic monitoring of cells shown herein provides the opportunity to couple two very complementary techniques to yield a low‐cost method for in vitro cell sensing.
Host species composition influences infection severity among amphibians in the absence of spillover transmission
Authors: Han Barbara A. , Kerby Jacob L. , Searle Catherine L. , Storfer Andrew , Blaustein Andrew R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWildlife epidemiological outcomes can depend strongly on the composition of an ecological community, particularly when multiple host species are affected by the same pathogen. However, the relationship between host species richness and disease risk can vary with community context and with the degree of spillover transmission that occurs among co‐occurring host species. We examined the degree to which host species composition influences infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a widespread fungal pathogen associated with amphibian population declines around the world, and whether transmission occurs from one highly susceptible host species to other co‐occurring host species. By manipulating larval assemblages of three sympatric amphibian species in the laboratory, we characterized the relationship between host species richness and infection severity, whether infection mediates growth and survivorship differently across various combinations of host species, and whether Bd is transmitted from experimentally inoculated tadpoles to uninfected tadpoles. We found evidence of a dilution effect where Bd infection severity was dramatically reduced in the most susceptible of the three host species (Anaxyrus boreas). Infection also mediated survival and growth of all three host species such that the presence of multiple host species had both positive (e.g., infection reduction) and negative (e.g., mortality) effects on focal species. However, we found no evidence that Bd infection is transmitted by this species. While these results demonstrate that host species richness as well as species identity underpin infection dynamics in this system, dilution is not the product of reduced transmission via fewer infectious individuals of a susceptible host species. We discuss various mechanisms, including encounter reduction and antagonistic interactions such as competition and opportunistic cannibalism that may act in concert to mediate patterns of infection severity, growth, and mortality observed in multihost communities.
Isolation over 35 years in a heated biotest basin causes selection on MHC class IIß genes in the European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)
Authors: Björklund Mats , Aho Teija , Behrmann‐Godel Jasminca 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGenes that play key roles in host immunity such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in vertebrates are expected to be major targets of selection. It is well known that environmental conditions can have an effect on host–parasite interactions and may thus influence the selection on MHC. We analyzed MHC class IIß variability over 35 years in a population of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Baltic Sea that was split into two populations separated from each other. One population was subjected to heating from cooling water of a nuclear power plant and was isolated from the surrounding environment in an artificial lake, while the other population was not subjected to any change in water temperature (control). The isolated population experienced a change of the allelic composition and a decrease in allelic richness of MHC genes compared to the control population. The two most common MHC alleles showed cyclic patterns indicating ongoing parasite–host coevolution in both populations, but the alleles that showed a cyclic behavior differed between the two populations. No such patterns were observed at alleles from nine microsatellite loci, and no genetic differentiation was found between populations. We found no indications for a genetic bottleneck in the isolated population during the 35 years. Additionally, differences in parasitism of the current perch populations suggest that a change of the parasite communities has occurred over the isolation period, although the evidence in form of in‐depth knowledge of the change of the parasite community over time is lacking. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a selective sweep imposed by a change in the parasite community.
Industrial‐scale filtration affects volatile compounds in extra virgin olive oil cv. Ravece
Authors: Sacchi Raffaele , Caporaso Nicola , Paduano Antonello , Genovese Alessandro 
Published: March 2015

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) cv. Ravece (Campania region, Italy) was studied to investigate the effects of the industrial filtration process on the legal quality parameters, fatty acids, phenolics, and volatile compounds. Filtration did not cause significant changes in some quality indices, i.e., acidity and spectrophotometric indices, with the exception of K232 value. Peroxide value was significantly higher after the filtration process, probably due to further exposure to oxygen. This increase may affect oil shelf life. The content of total phenolic compounds did not change dramatically, but hydroxytyrosol and 3,4‐DHPEA‐EA were significantly lower in filtered oil, arising from complex biophenols hydrolysis. Little but significant changes were also observed for some fatty acids. The majority of 38 volatile compounds analyzed by the SPME‐GC/MS technique did not change significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after industrial filtration, while some of them increased their initial concentration up to twofold, i.e., 2‐methylbutanal. 6‐Methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one and heptanol also increased after filtration, while t,t‐2,4‐hexadienal, t‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, and c‐2‐penten‐1‐ol significantly decreased.Practical applications: These results may be useful at an industrial level as well as from a scientific viewpoint to assess the factors influencing volatiles headspace concentration after filtration. Our findings could also provide important information for olive growers and the olive mill industry to optimize virgin olive oil technology in order to obtain products with specific sensory attributes and to preserve the sensory notes of typicality.Analysis of volatile compounds from cv. Ravece extra virgin olive oil in unfiltered (“cloudy”) and filtered oil by an industrial‐scale process.
Identifying the causes of sediment-associated toxicity in urban waterways in South China: Incorporating bioavailabillity-based measurements into whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation
Authors: Yi Xiaoyi , Li Huizhen , Ma Ping , You Jing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Sediments in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China, were contaminated by a variety of chemicals and showed prevalent toxicity to benthic organisms. A combination of whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and bioavailability-based extraction was used to identify the causes of sediment toxicity. Of the 6 sediment samples collected, 4 caused 100% mortality to Chironomus dilutus in 10-d bioassays, and the potential toxicants were assessed using TIE in these sediments after dilution. The results of phase I characterization showed that organic contaminants were the principal contributors to the mortality of the midges in 2 sediments and that metals and organics jointly caused the mortality in the other 2 sediments. Ammonia played no role in the mortality for any samples. Conventional toxic unit analysis in phase II testing identified Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn as the toxic metals, with cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and fipronils being the toxic organics. To improve the accuracy of identifying the toxicants, 4-step sequential extraction and Tenax extraction were conducted to analyze the bioavailability of the metals and organics, respectively. Bioavailable toxic unit analysis narrowed the list of toxic contributors, and the putative toxicants included 3 metals (Zn, Ni, and Pb) and 3 pesticides (cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and fipronils). Metals contributed to the mortality in all sediments, but sediment dilution reduced the toxicity and confounded the characterization of toxicity contribution from metals in 2 sediments in phase I. Incorporating bioavailability-based measurements into whole-sediment TIE improved the accuracy of identifying the causative toxicants in urban waterways where multiple stressors occurred and contributed to sediment toxicity jointly. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1744–1750. © 2015 SETAC
Wiring for independence: Positive feedback motifs facilitate individuation of traits in development and evolution
Authors: Pavličev Mihaela , Widder Stefanie 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIndependent selection response of a trait is contingent on the availability of genetic variation that is not entangled with other traits. Mechanistically, such variational individuation in spite of shared genome results from gene regulation. Changes that increase individuation of traits are likely caused by gene regulatory changes. Yet the effect of regulatory evolution on population variation is understudied. Trait individuation also occurs during development. Developmental differentiation involves two stages‐induction of differentiation and the maintenance of differentiated fate. The corresponding gene regulatory transition involves the feed‐forward and the regulated feedback motifs. Here we consider analogous transition pattern at the evolutionary scale, establishing an autonomous regulatory sub‐network involved in the independent trait variation. A population genetic simulation of regulated feedback loop dynamics under small perturbations shows a decoupling of variation in gene expression between the upstream gene and the responding downstream gene. We furthermore observe that the ranges of dynamics that can be generated by feedback and feed‐forward networks overlap. Such phenotypic overlap enables genetic accessibility of network‐specific expression dynamics. We suggest that feedback topology may eventually confer selective advantage leading from a gradual process to threshold individuation, i.e., the emergence of a novel trait. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 104–113, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial bioconversion and processing methods enhance the phenolic acid and flavonoids and the radical scavenging capacity of Smilax china L. leaf
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyeong , Park Tae‐Sik , Yang Seung‐Hwan , Suh Joo‐Won , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been reported that Smilax china L. leaf (SCL) provided various biological functions owing to polyphenols. The objective of the current study was to assess the enhancing effect of processing methods and microbial conversions on phenolic acid and flavonoid content and radical scavenging capacity of SCL for potential applications of diverse food products.RESULTSTargeted phenolic acid (chlorogenic acid) and flavonoids (piceid and quercetin) were identified in fresh SCL using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total amount of identified phenolic acid and flavonoids was highest in steamed SCL (12.70 ± 0.12 mg g−1 on a dry matter basis, dmb). A substantial amount of chlorogenic acid (5.81 ± 0.16 mg g−1 dmb), piceid (3.96 ± 0.04 mg g−1 dmb) and quercetin (6.06 ± 0.12 mg g−1 dmb) were quantified in SCL fermented by Bacillus species, roasted and steamed, respectively (P < 0.05). The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value was greater in microbial fermented SCL than in others, with the exception of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae. However, vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) was highest in SCL fermented by Aspergillus oryzae.CONCLUSIONResults from our study suggest that the microbial fermentation processing method could improve accessibility to extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoid content and radical scavenging capacity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term ecological patterns of alpine streams: An imprint of glacial legacies
Authors: Sertić Perić Mirela , Jolidon Christa , Uehlinger Urs , Robinson Christopher T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe examined for a glacial fingerprint on the ecology of two postglacial streams within the Swiss National Park over a 14 yr period (1999‐2013). One stream (Aqua) emerges from a small rock glacier (0.2% of the catchment area), whereas the other stream (Fuorn) flows from a remnant ice field (0.02% of the catchment area). In general, abiotic and biotic properties of each stream showed a typical glacial‐nival seasonality and strong between‐year synchrony. Benthic organic matter and periphyton biomass peaked during so‐called “windows of opportunity” in early spring and late autumn as in other glacial streams. Importantly, the streams contrasted regarding the glacial signature in which Fuorn had highest average turbidity, total inorganic carbon (TIC), particulate organic carbon and phosphorus levels, whereas Aqua had highest average nitrogen levels and lowest temperature and electrical conductivity. The difference in glacial signature also was evident in macroinvertebrate density (fourfold higher in Aqua) and diversity (lower in Aqua) differences between streams. In contrast to most proglacial streams, macroinvertebrate assemblages were relatively diverse and dominated by typical alpine stream species, stoneflies in particular. Both streams experienced increases in phosphorus and TIC following 2006 in response to external climate drivers with concomitant increases in simuliids and Leuctra stoneflies and decreases in heptageniid mayflies in Fuorn and Protonemura stoneflies in Aqua. Our results suggest that a glacial legacy is an inherent feature of most postglacial alpine streams, this being especially important as glacial streams transform to postglacial status in response to ongoing transformation of alpine glacial landscapes globally.
A method for cyclic and tadpole‐shaped polymers
Authors: Tang Qingquan , Zhang Ke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) was used to produce well‐defined telechelic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with dibromomaleimide and dithiobenzoate groups at each end of the polymer chain by virtue of the functional RAFT agent 3,4‐dibromo‐1‐(4‐cyano‐4‐(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic)‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione. Cyclic PNIPAM was then obtained using an in situ intramolecular bromomaleimide–thiol substitution reaction after NaBH4 reduction of the dithiobenzoate end group to release a thiol group. In this ring‐closure process, another bromo substituent on the maleimide group survived, being a single reactive site for post‐functionalizing the cyclic PNIPAM by a second bromomaleimide–thiol substitution reaction. After being reacted with 2‐aminoethanethiol, the resultant amino‐functionalized cyclic PNIPAM was further demonstrated as a building block to construct a tadpole‐shaped block copolymer by coupling with linear succinimidyl ester end‐functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) based on active ester click chemistry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry