bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐17 cytokines in bone healing of diabetic Charcot arthropathy patients: a prospective 2 year follow‐up study
Authors: Folestad Agnetha , Ålund Martin , Asteberg Susanne , Fowelin Jesper , Aurell Ylva , Göthlin Jan , Cassuto Jean 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is currently known of the pathophysiological mechanisms triggering Charcot arthropathy and regulating its recovery although foot trauma has been proposed as a major initiating factor by activation of proinflammatory cytokines leading to increased osteoclastogenic activity and progressive bone destruction. Several members of the IL‐17 family of proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions affecting bone and joints but none has previously been studied in Charcot foot patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL‐17A, IL‐17E and IL‐17F in patients presenting with Charcot foot.MethodsTwenty‐six consecutive Charcot patients were monitored during 2 years by repeated foot radiographs, MRI and circulating levels of IL‐17A, IL‐17E and IL‐17F. Analysis of cytokines was done by ultra‐sensitive chemiluminescence technique and data were analyzed by one‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Neuropathic diabetic patients (n = 20) and healthy subjects (n = 20) served as controls.ResultsPlasma IL‐17A and IL‐17E in weight‐bearing Charcot patients at diagnosis were at the level of diabetic controls, whereas IL‐17F was significantly lower than diabetic controls. A significant increase in IL‐17A and IL‐17E reaching a peak 2–4 months after inclusion and start of offloading treatment in Charcot patients was followed by a gradual decrease to the level of diabetic controls at 2 years postinclusion. In contrast, IL‐17F increased gradually from inclusion to a level not significantly different from diabetic controls after 2 years.ConclusionsCharcot patients display a significant elevation of all three IL‐17 cytokines during the follow‐up period relative values at diagnosis and values in control patients supporting a role in the bone repair and remodeling activity during the recovery phase. The rapid increase of IL‐17A and IL‐17E shortly after initiating off‐loading treatment could suggest this to be a response to immobilization and stabilization of the diseased foot.
Hidden genes in birds
Authors: Hron Tomáš , Pajer Petr , Pačes Jan , Bartůněk Petr , Elleder Daniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report that a subset of avian genes is characterized by very high GC content and long G/C stretches. These sequence characteristics correlate with the frequent absence of these genes from genomic databases. We provide several examples where genes in this subset are mistakenly reported as missing in birds.www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0725-y
Immune phenotypes of microglia in human neurodegenerative disease: challenges to detecting microglial polarization in human brains
Authors: Walker Douglas G. , Lue Lih-Fen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInflammatory responses in the brain, which can be demonstrated by changes in properties of microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, are a common feature of human neurodegenerative diseases. Different monocyte/macrophage phenotypes have been defined by changes in expression of cytokines, receptors and other markers as a response to different classes of stimuli. Monocytes, macrophages and microglia can have a range of phenotypes with associated properties depending on their microenvironment. Macrophage/microglia polarization states have been defined as classical activation (M1), alternative activation (M2a), type II alternative activation (M2b) or acquired deactivation (M2c). Available markers for identifying microglial phenotypes in human brains are still limited; those available provide incomplete information on the functions or polarization states of microglia observed in tissues from diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The most widely used marker to describe activated microglia in human brains, particularly diseased brains, has been HLA-DR, the major histocompatibility complex II protein. HLA-DR-positive microglia can have a wide range of activation morphologies that are affected not only by disease pathology, but also by their differentiation states and brain regions. Two other widely used markers to identify microglia in human brains are ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 and CD68. Although their expression changes in diseased brains, these markers do not show specificity for different phenotypes. Over the years there have been studies with additional markers that attempt to further define microglial properties, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease brains. Most studies have employed immunohistochemical techniques to identify microglia in tissue sections, but recent advances in this field have allowed gene expression profiling of microglia upon immediate isolation from brains. We will review which markers might better define different activation phenotypes of microglia in human brains and whether they fit into current microglial polarization schemes.
Where is the common ground between bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from different donors and species?
Authors: Jones Elena , Schäfer Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) feature promising potential for cellular therapies, yet significant progress in development of MSC therapeutics and assays is hampered because of remarkable MSC heterogeneity in vivo and in vitro. This heterogeneity poses challenges for standardization of MSC characterization and potency assays as well as for MSC study comparability and manufacturing. This review discusses promising marker combinations for prospective MSC subpopulation enrichment and expansion, and reflects MSC phenotype changes due to environment and age. In order to address animal modelling in MSC biology, comparison of mouse and human MSC markers highlights current common ground of MSCs between species.
Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma
Authors: Walker Brian A. , Boyle Eileen M. , Wardell Christopher P. , Murison Alex , Begum Dil B. , Dahir Nasrin M. , Proszek Paula Z. , Johnson David C. , Kaiser Martin F. , Melchor Lorenzo , Aronson Lauren I. , Scales Matthew , Pawlyn Charlotte , Mirabella Fabio , Jones John R. , Brioli Annamaria , Mikulasova Aneta , Cairns David A. , Gregory Walter M. , Quartilho Ana , Drayson Mark T. , Russell Nigel , Cook Gordon , Jackson Graham H. , Leleu Xavier , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose At the molecular level, myeloma is characterized by copy number abnormalities and recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Novel methods, such as massively parallel sequencing, have begun to describe the pattern of tumor-acquired mutations, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing for 463 patients who presented with myeloma and were enrolled onto the National Cancer Research Institute Myeloma XI trial, for whom complete molecular cytogenetic and clinical outcome data were available. Results We identified 15 significantly mutated genes: IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, MAX, HIST1H1E, RB1, EGR1, TP53, TRAF3, FAM46C, DIS3, BRAF, LTB, CYLD, and FGFR3. The mutational spectrum is dominated by mutations in the RAS (43%) and nuclear factor-κB (17%) pathways, but although they are prognostically neutral, they could be targeted therapeutically. Mutations in CCND1 and DNA repair pathway alterations (TP53, ATM, ATR, and ZNFHX4 mutations) are associated with a negative impact on survival. In contrast, those in IRF4 and EGR1 are associated with a favorable overall survival. We combined these novel mutation risk factors with the recurrent molecular adverse features and international staging system to generate an international staging system mutation score that can identify a high-risk population of patients who experience relapse and die prematurely. Conclusion We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.
Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Obinutuzumab (GA101) With Rituximab in Patients With Relapsed CD20+ Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the GAUSS Study
Authors: Sehn Laurie H. , Goy Andre , Offner Fritz C. , Martinelli Giovanni , Caballero M. Dolores , Gadeberg Ole , Baetz Tara , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Gaidano Gianluca , Fayad Luis E. , Buckstein Rena , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Crump Michael , Jaksic Branimir , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Padmanabhan Iyer Swaminathan , Sahin Deniz , Chai Akiko , Fingerle-Rowson Günter , Press Oliver W. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Obinutuzumab (GA101), a novel glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated responses in single-arm studies of patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This is the first prospective, randomized study comparing safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab with rituximab in relapsed indolent lymphoma. The primary end point of this study was the overall response rate (ORR) in patients with follicular lymphoma after induction and safety in patients with indolent lymphoma. Patients and Methods A total of 175 patients with relapsed CD20+ indolent lymphoma requiring therapy and with previous response to a rituximab-containing regimen were randomly assigned (1:1) to four once-per-week infusions of either obinutuzumab (1,000 mg) or rituximab (375 mg/m2). Patients without evidence of disease progression after induction therapy received obinutuzumab or rituximab maintenance therapy every 2 months for up to 2 years. Results Among patients with follicular lymphoma (n = 149), ORR seemed higher for obinutuzumab than rituximab (44.6% v 33.3%; P = .08). This observation was also demonstrated by a blinded independent review panel that measured a higher ORR for obinutuzumab (44.6% v 26.7%; P = .01). However, this difference did not translate into an improvement in progression-free survival. No new safety signals were observed for obinutuzumab, and the incidence of adverse events was balanced between arms, with the exception of infusion-related reactions and cough, which were higher in the obinutuzumab arm. Conclusion Obinutuzumab demonstrated a higher ORR without appreciable differences in safety compared with rituximab. However, the clinical benefit of obinutuzumab in this setting remains unclear and should be evaluated within phase III trials.
Identifying Social Distress: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Social Outcomes 12 to 36 Months After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wright Penny , Downing Amy , Morris Eva J.A. , Corner Jessica L. , Richards Mike A. , Sebag-Montefiore David , Finan Paul , Glaser Adam W. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose To establish the prevalence and determinants of poor social outcomes after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods All 12- to 36-month survivors of CRC (International Classification of Diseases [10th revision] codes C18 to C20) diagnosed in 2010 or 2011 and treated in the English National Health Service were identified and sent a questionnaire from their treating cancer hospital. This included the Social Difficulties Inventory, a 16-item scale of social distress (SD) comprising everyday living, money matters, and self and others subscales, plus five single items. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. Analyses using descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and logistic regression models were conducted. Results Response rate was 63.3% (21,802 of 34,467). Of the 21,802 participants, 17,830 (81.8%) completed all SD items; 2,688 (15.1%) of these 17,830 respondents were classified as experiencing SD (everyday living, 19.5%; money matters, 15.6%; self and others, 18.1%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated having ≥ three long-term conditions was the strongest predictor of SD (odds ratio [OR], 6.64; 95% CI, 5.67 to 7.77 compared with no long-term conditions), followed by unemployment (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 4.21 to 6.20 compared with being employed), having recurrent or nontreatable disease (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.49 to 3.04 compared with being in remission), and having a stoma (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.86 to 2.36 compared with no stoma). Additional predictors of SD were young age (< 55 years), living in a more deprived area, nonwhite ethnicity, having advanced-stage disease, having undergone radiotherapy, and being a carer. Conclusion Although it is reassuring a majority do not experience social difficulties, a minority reported significant SD 12 to 36 months after diagnosis of CRC. The identified clinical and social risk factors are easy to establish and should be used to target support.
Coffee Intake, Recurrence, and Mortality in Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance)
Authors: Guercio Brendan J. , Sato Kaori , Niedzwiecki Donna , Ye Xing , Saltz Leonard B. , Mayer Robert J. , Mowat Rex B. , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Benson Al , Atienza Daniel , Messino Michael , Kindler Hedy , Venook Alan , Hu Frank B. , Ogino Shuji , Wu Kana , Willett Walter C. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeObservational studies have demonstrated increased colon cancer recurrence in states of relative hyperinsulinemia, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and increased dietary glycemic load. Greater coffee consumption has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and increased insulin sensitivity. The effect of coffee on colon cancer recurrence and survival is unknown.Patients and MethodsDuring and 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy, 953 patients with stage III colon cancer prospectively reported dietary intake of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and nonherbal tea, as well as 128 other items. We examined the influence of coffee, nonherbal tea, and caffeine on cancer recurrence and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsPatients consuming 4 cups/d or more of total coffee experienced an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for colon cancer recurrence or mortality of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.99), compared with never drinkers (Ptrend= .002). Patients consuming 4 cups/d or more of caffeinated coffee experienced significantly reduced cancer recurrence or mortality risk compared with abstainers (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.91; Ptrend= .002), and increasing caffeine intake also conferred a significant reduction in cancer recurrence or mortality (HR, 0.66 across extreme quintiles; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.93; Ptrend= .006). Nonherbal tea and decaffeinated coffee were not associated with patient outcome. The association of total coffee intake with improved outcomes seemed consistent across other predictors of cancer recurrence and mortality.ConclusionHigher coffee intake may be associated with significantly reduced cancer recurrence and death in patients with stage III colon cancer.
The Hong Kong Dilemma and a Constellation Solution
Authors: Huang Heidi Yu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
For more than three decades there have been calls for a “locally produced” history of Hong Kong literature by scholars born in Hong Kong or long resident there. Following an overview of the “Hong Kong dilemma” and of scholarly endeavors to meet the three challenges of information selection, historical contextualization, and epistemological configuration, this essay discusses the merits and limitations of the three analytic perspectives and proposes the paradigmatic image of the constellation to situate Hong Kong literary history more suitably in the multiple dimensions of world literary space. It recommends the same paradigm for an effective history that forges connections beyond binarisms like East-West, mainland China–Hong Kong, and center-periphery.
Disentangling Isoetes setacea and removing threats to Isoetes echinospora
Authors: Greuter Werner , Troia Angelo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe name Isoetes setacea has been applied to two different species, causing nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. Some authors have rejected it on that account, yet it is currently used in a sense that is incompatible with its type. That type represents one of two similar species, I. echinospora and I. lacustris, which still today grow together at the type locality. An epitype is designated here, ensuring that I. setacea is sunk in synonymy under I. lacustris. A second name potentially threatening I. echinospora is I. tenella. It is currently regarded as a synonym of I. lacustris, but its type, a plate in Flora Danica, cannot be confidently identified, nor are there any specimens associated with it. Again, an epitype is designated to cement the current disposition of I. tenella and remove that second threat from I. echinospora. The correct name of the species generally misnamed I. setacea is I. delilei, here lectotypified.
The Sexual Acceptability of Intrauterine Contraception: A Qualitative Study of Young Adult Women
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Ryder Kristin , Skarda Grace , Koepsel Erica , Bennett Eliza A. 
Published: August 2015

CONTEXTThe IUD is extremely effective but infrequently used by young adult women, who disproportionately experience unintended pregnancies. Research has not examined how IUD use may affect sexuality, which could in turn affect method acceptability, continuation and marketing efforts.METHODSFocus group discussions and interviews were conducted in 2014 with 50 women between the ages of 18 and 29—either University of Wisconsin students or women from the surrounding community who received public assistance—to explore their thoughts about whether and how IUD use can affect sexual experiences. A modified grounded theory approach was used to identify common themes in terms of both experienced and anticipated sexual acceptability of the IUD.RESULTSSix themes emerged: security (IUD’s efficacy can reduce sexual inhibition), spontaneity (IUD can allow for free‐flowing sex), sexual aspects of bleeding and cramping (IUD’s side effects can affect sex), scarcity of hormones (IUD has a low level of or no hormones, and reduces libido less than hormonal methods, such as the pill), string (IUD’s string can detract from a partner's sexual experience) and stasis (IUD use can have no impact on sex). Some reported sexual aspects of IUD use were negative, but most were positive and described ever‐users’ method satisfaction and never‐users’ openness to use the method.DISCUSSIONFuture research and interventions should attend to issues of sexual acceptability: Positive sexual aspects of the IUD could be used promotionally, and counseling about sexual concerns could increase women's willingness to try the method.
Chinese lyrical tradition and the Taiwan new cinema: The case of Hou Hsiao-hsien
Authors: Shie Elliott Shr-tzung 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Many film critics have noted Hou Hsiao-hsien’s distinguished film style and associated it with traditional Chinese aesthetics, but few scholars have succeeded in articulating Hou’s translation of traditional Chinese aesthetics into his cinematic work. This article intends to fill this gap by proposing that the static tragedy is the form that Hou consciously or unconsciously appropriates in his films. According to sinologist Chen Shixiang, the static tragedy of traditional Chinese poetry lacks antagonism and dynamic conflict typical of Greek tragedy, but it embodies a kind of cosmic sorrow that insignificant human beings feel while facing nature’s grand scale and noticing the unstoppable passage of time. While looking or gazing at nature, the poet occupies a bystander’s position; he keeps a sympathetic eye without intervention, detaching himself from the observed world while avoiding being completely indifferent. This bystander’s position has been duplicated in Hou’s films through the use of static camera, long takes and medium/long shots. Through this distinctive style of film language, two of Hou’s films in particular, A Time to Live, A Time to Die (1985) and The Puppetmaster (1993), enquire into the universal life circle of birth, growth, illness and death as well as meditate on the impermanence of life against the background of eternal nature, and thereby serve as examples that illustrate the characteristics of static tragedy.
Looking at Foreign Sky, desperately seeking post- Asia: Soni Kum, Nagisa Oshima, Ri Chin’u
Authors: Bary Brett de 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The article considers the role of citation and translation in two video works (Foreign Sky, 2005, and Beast of Me, 2005) by Soni Kum, producer and narrator who identifies herself as a member of the ‘North Korean community in Japan’. Both works cite words and images from Oshima Nagisa’s celebrated Death By Hanging (1968), a film protesting the Japanese state’s use of capital punishment in the execution of the zainichi youth, Ri Chin’u, in 1963. Through these interweavings, Kum suggests new perspectives on the role of gender politics in Oshima’s film, while more broadly foregrounding how manipulation of the gendered body produces the affect of cultural nationalism as a heteronormative ideology. While contending that Asia has yet to accede to a post – Cold War temporality, Kum’s work nevertheless searches for modes of transnational solidarity that might characterize something like ‘post- Asia’.
Experimental Study On Fracture Property Of Double Cantilever Beam Specimen With Aluminum Foam
Authors: Kim Y.C. , Choi H.K. , Cho J.U. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study aims to investigate double cantilever beam specimen with aluminum foam bonded by spray adhesive to investigate the fracture strength of the adhesive joint experimentally. The fracture energy at opening mode is calculated by the formulae of British Engineering Standard (BS 7991) and International Standard (ISO 11343). For the static experiment, four types of specimens with the heights (h) of 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm and 40 mm are manufactured and the experimental results are compared with each other. As the height becomes greater, the fracture energy becomes higher. After the length of crack reaches 150 mm, the fracture energy of the specimen (h=35 mm) is greater than that of the specimen (h=40 mm). Fatigue test is also performed with DCB test specimen. As the height decreases, the fracture energy becomes higher. By the result obtained from this study, aluminum foam with adhesive joint can be applied to actual composite structure and its fracture property can possibly be anticipated.
Characterization Of The Graded Microstructure In Powder Sintered Porous Titanium
Authors: Oak J.-J. , Bang J.I. , Bae K.-C. , Kim Y.H. , Lee Y.-C. , Chun H.H. , Park Y.H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The proposed sintering process produce porosity and functional graded microstructure in the sinterd titanium powders. Titanium powders with different micro sizes were sintered at the proposed temperature region at 1200 and 1300°C for 2h. The apatite-forming on the graded microstructure is observed by immersion test in Hanks balanced salt soluion at 37°C. Sintering condition of titanium powders is estimated by thermogravitmetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The synthersied surface structures and apatite-forming ability were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. As results, these graded microstructure of sintered porous titanium powders reveals apatite-forming ability as osseointegration by calcification in Hanks balanced salt soluion(HBSS) at 37°C.