bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid damage inhibition by previous high pressure processing in white muscle of frozen horse mackerel
Authors: Torres J. Antonio , Vázquez Manuel , Saraiva Jorge A. , Gallardo José M. , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: September 2013

This work focuses on the effect of a previous high pressure processing (HPP) on the lipid damage development occurring during the frozen storage (−10°C; up to 3 months) of Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). HPP conditions included different pressure (150, 300, 450 MPa) and pressure holding time (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 min) values. During frozen storage, horse mackerel muscle was analyzed for lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acid assessment; FFA) and oxidation (formation of peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and fluorescent compounds), and polyene content. An inhibition of lipid hydrolysis development was observed; thus, both an increasing pressure level and pressure holding time led to a marked inhibition of FFA content throughout the frozen storage. Concerning the lipid oxidation development, a partial inhibition was also obtained during the frozen storage (months 1 and 3) by increasing the pressure level applied (namely, fluorescent and peroxide compound formation); however, pressure holding time did not lead to a definite trend. No effect of HPP treatment was concluded on the polyene content of the fish muscle lipids. Present research provides novel information concerning the employment of HPP technology focused on the inhibition of lipid damage during a subsequent frozen storage.Practical applications: Frozen storage of fatty and medium‐fat fish species is known to be strongly limited by lipid damage development, which is a drawback to its commercialization as such or to its subsequent employment as raw material in other kinds of processing (canneries, smoking, etc.). Present research provides valuable information concerning the employment of the high pressure technology to inhibit lipid damage development during the subsequent frozen storage of Atlantic horse mackerel (T. trachurus). Thus, both an increasing pressure level (from 150 to 450 MPa) and pressure holding time (from 0 to 5 min) led to a marked inhibition of lipid hydrolysis during frozen storage. Additionally, inhibition of lipid oxidation was produced by increasing the pressure level. Since the response to HPP of marine species has been reported to vary with species, a preliminary study is recommended to be carried out before applying the high pressure‐frozen storage combining strategy.
Thiol‐Ene Click Reactions – Versatile Tools for the Modification of Unsaturated Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Karmann Lisa , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTerminal γ,δ‐unsaturated amino acids, easily available by Claisen rearrangement or palladium‐catalysed allylic alkylation, are excellent substrates for radical thiol additions. These click reactions allow the introduction of highly functionalized side‐chains into a given amino acid or peptide. This protocol is suitable for the modification of all kinds of terminal alkenes, such as allyl protecting groups.
A Stereoselective Approach to Functionalized Cyclohexenones
Authors: Meister Anne C. , Sauter Paul F. , Bräse Stefan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA catalytic enantioselective approach to 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enones is presented herein. The stereogenic information is generated through a copper‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition to p‐benzoquinone monoketal using a chiral, BINOL‐based (BINOL = 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) phosphane ligand, according to the procedure of Feringa et al. A CBS (Corey–Bakshi–Shibata) reduction of the 1,4‐adducts gave the four possible isomers in two steps and 82–97 % ee (enantiomeric excess), starting from commercially available 4,4‐dimethoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐one (7).
Expression of Concern: One‐Step Synthesis of Biaryls under Mild Conditions
Authors: Bhat Aparna P. I. , Inam Fawad , Bhat Badekai Ramachandra 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA one‐step synthesis of symmetrical biaryls was developed and uses a nickel(III) complex containing a Schiff base and dithiolate ligands as a catalyst for the homocoupling of in situ generated Grignard reagents. The coupling reaction was performed at room temperature with molecular oxygen as the oxidant, which renders the reaction energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly. The catalytic methodology is compatible with diverse functionalities, including chlorido, nitro, nitrile, and heteroatoms, and provides biaryls in appreciable yields.
Morita–Baylis–Hillman Approach toward Formal Total Synthesis of Tamiflu and Total Synthesis of Gabaculine
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Batra Sanjay 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction mediated approach to the formal total synthesis of oseltamivir and the total synthesis of gabaculine is described. This strategy involves the enantiocontrolled preparation of Corey's intermediate in 22 % yield, which is prepared over 11 steps starting from N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐L‐serine methyl ester.
Synthesis of Amino‐Substituted Pyrrole‐Fused Perylenebis(dicarboximide) Derivatives by a One‐Pot Azidation/Reduction/Cyclization
Authors: Li Yongjun , Xu Liang , Jiang Runsheng , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAmino‐substituted pyrrole‐fused perylenebis(dicarboximides) have been prepared from tri‐ or tetrabromoperylene prcursors by using the classical azidation conditions for the substitution of aromatic halogen, that is, NaN3, sodium ascorbate, CuI, and N,N‐dimethylethane‐1,2‐diamine in DMSO/H2O. The pyrrole‐fused dyes are highly photochemically and thermally stable, which may be useful for labelling and as building blocks for the synthesis of functional molecular materials.
Aromatic C–H Addition to Ketones: The Effect of Directing Groups
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Sha , Zhu Qi‐Lei , Luo Fei‐Xian , Chen Guihua , Wang Xin , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe first example of the transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct intermolecular C–H bond addition to ketones was achieved by using a rhodium catalyst. A significant influence of the directing group on the reactivity was observed, and sterically more hindered directing groups could promote the reaction. In addition, intermolecular hydrogen bonding played a role in stabilizing the product. The substrate scope for the quinoline derivatives was very good.
1D System identification of a 54‐story steel frame building by seismic interferometry
Authors: Rahmani Mohammadtaghi , Todorovska Maria I. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYA 54‐story steel, perimeter‐frame building in downtown Los Angeles, California, is identified by a wave method using records of the Northridge earthquake of 1994 (ML = 6.4, R = 32 km). The building is represented as a layered shear beam and a torsional shaft, characterized by the corresponding velocities of vertically propagating waves through the structure. The previously introduced waveform inversion algorithm is applied, which fits in the least squares sense pulses in low‐pass filtered impulse response functions computed at different stories. This paper demonstrates that layered shear beam and torsional shaft models are valid for this building, within bands that include the first five modes of vibration for each of the North–South (NS), East–West (EW), and torsional responses (0–1.7 Hz for NS and EW, and 0–3.5 Hz for the torsional response). The observed pulse travel time from ground floor to penthouse level is τ ≈1.5 s for NS and EW and τ ≈ 0.9 s for the torsional responses. The identified equivalent uniform shear beam wave velocities are βeq ≈ 140 m/s for NS and EW responses, and 260 m/s for torsion, and the apparent Q ≈ 25 for the NS and torsional, and ≈14 for the EW response. Across the layers, the wave velocity varied 90–170 m/s for the NS, 80–180 m/s for the EW, and 170–350 m/s for the torsional responses. The identification method is intended for use in structural health monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitronectin—Master controller or micromanager?
Authors: Leavesley David I. , Kashyap Abhishek S. , Croll Tristan , Sivaramakrishnan Manaswini , Shokoohmand Ali , Hollier Brett G. , Upton Zee 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe concept that the mammalian glycoprotein vitronectin acts as a biological ‘glue’ and key controller of mammalian tissue repair and remodelling activity is emerging from nearly 50 years of experimental in vitro and in vivo data. Unexpectedly, the vitronectin‐knockout (VN‐KO) mouse was found to be viable and to have largely normal phenotype. However, diligent observation revealed that the VN‐KO animal exhibits delayed coagulation and poor wound healing. This is interpreted to indicate that VN occupies a role in the earliest events of thrombogenesis and tissue repair. VN is the foundation upon which the thrombus grows in an organised structure. In addition to sealing the wound, the thrombus also serves to protect the underlying tissue from oxidation, is a reservoir of mitogens and tissue repair mediators, and provides a provisional scaffold for the repairing tissue. In the absence of VN (e.g., VN‐KO animal), this cascade is disrupted before it begins. A wide variety of biologically active species associate with VN. Although initial studies were focused on mitogens, other classes of bioactives (e.g., glycosaminoglycans and metalloproteinases) are now also known to specifically interact with VN. Although some interactions are transient, others are long‐lived and often result in multi‐protein complexes. Multi‐protein complexes provide several advantages: prolonging molecular interactions, sustaining local concentrations, facilitating co‐stimulation of cell surface receptors and thereby enhancing cellular/biological responses. We contend that these, or equivalent, multi‐protein complexes facilitate VN polyfunctionality in vivo. It is also likely that many of the species demonstrated to associate with VN in vitro, also associate with VN in vivo in similar multi‐protein complexes. Thus, the predominant biological function of VN is that of a master controller of the extracellular environment; informing, and possibly instructing cells ‘where’ to behave, ‘when’ to behave and ‘how’ to behave (i.e., appropriately for the current circumstance). © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):807‐818, 2013
Piezoelectric properties of aligned collagen membranes
Authors: Denning D. , Paukshto M. V. , Habelitz S. , Rodriguez B. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractElectromechanical coupling, a phenomenon present in collagenous materials, may influence cell–extracellular matrix interactions. Here, electromechanical coupling has been investigated via piezoresponse force microscopy in transparent and opaque membranes consisting of helical‐like arrays of aligned type I collagen fibrils self‐assembled from acidic solution. Using atomic force microscopy, the transparent membrane was determined to contain fibrils having an average diameter of 76 ± 14 nm, whereas the opaque membrane comprised fibrils with an average diameter of 391 ± 99 nm. As the acidity of the membranes must be neutralized before they can serve as cell culture substrates, the structure and piezoelectric properties of the membranes were measured under ambient conditions before and after the neutralization process. A crimp structure (1.59 ± 0.37 µm in width) perpendicular to the fibril alignment became apparent in the transparent membrane when the pH was adjusted from acidic (pH = 2.5) to neutral (pH = 7) conditions. In addition, a 1.35‐fold increase was observed in the amplitude of the shear piezoelectricity of the transparent membrane. The structure and piezoelectric properties of the opaque membrane were not significantly affected by the neutralization process. The results highlight the presence of an additional translational order in the transparent membrane in the direction perpendicular to the fibril alignment. The piezoelectric response of both membrane types was found to be an order of magnitude lower than that of collagen fibrils in rat tail tendon. This reduced response is attributed to less‐ordered molecular assembly than is present in D‐periodic collagen fibrils, as evidenced by the absence of D‐periodicity in the membranes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 284–292, 2014.
Estrogen‐Related Receptor ERRα Regulation of Human Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) Gene Expression in Human Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Huang Chaoqun , Zhou Tianyan , Chen Yue , Sun Teng , Zhang Shunfen , Chen Guangping 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHuman hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, SULT2A1, is important for xenobiotic detoxification and the maintenance of hydroxysteroid homeostasis. Our published report suggested that estrogen‐related receptor ERRα downregulates SULT2A1 in Hep G2 cells. The results shown in this study suggest that ERRα upregulates SULT2A1 transcription in Caco‐2 cells. The deletion analysis suggested that SULT2A1 promoter region between −65 and −44 is important for this upregulation. Our further investigation suggested that ERRα binding element, ERRE51, mediates ERRα activation of SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Caco‐2 cells. The interaction of ERRE51 with ERRα was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Results also suggest that the difference of constitutive androstane receptor transcription levels in Hep G2 and Caco‐2 cells at least partially contribute to the cell type dependent ERRα modulation of SULT2A1 promoter transcription. ERRα regulates human SULT2A1 transcription by competing with other nuclear receptors binding to the DNA‐promoter region.
Trends in Prevalence of HIV‐1 Drug Resistance in Thailand 2009–2010
Authors: Sanguansittianant Sayompoo , Nooroon Nattakarn , Phaengchomduan Poonlaph , Ammaranond Palanee 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundTreatment failure of antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 infection is increasing due to development of viral resistance. Trends of resistance‐associated mutation lead to the ineffective treatment in HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsExtracted viral RNA from HIV‐infected subjects in 2009 to 2010 was performed. The genotypic resistance testing was investigated for HIV‐1 drug resistance in RT and PR genes. Frequencies of mutation were compared by a Fischer's exact test.ResultsThree hundred and sixty‐nine samples (147 in 2009 and 222 in 2010) were genotyped. At least one mutation was found in 90.8% (335/369) in PR gene and 87.0% (321/369) in RT gene. Three sequences in PR gene, M36I, H69K, and L90M, were decreased significantly in 2010 when compared to 2009. Mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI's) were found in 61.0% and 64.2% in nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI's). A total of 49.6% was found in combined NRTI and NNRTI. In 2010, M41L was increased significantly from 7.5% to 14.9%. However, there was a decrease in the frequency of the mutations at position 67, 70, and 184 between 2009 and 2010.ConclusionsIn 2010, three mutations in PR gene, M36I, H69K, and L90M, were decreased significantly. However, only one mutation in RT gene, M41L was significantly increased.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Values Reflect Therapeutic Effectiveness in Zidovudine‐Receiving HIV Patients
Authors: Kim Ah Hyun , Jang Woori , Kim Yonggoo , Park Yeon‐Joon , Han Kyungja , Oh Eun‐Jee 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAn increase of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes and alterations in the lipid profiles have been described in HIV‐infected patients under combination of anti‐retroviral treatment (cART), particularly zidovudine (AZT).MethodsIn 687 sera from 179 HIV‐positive patients, MCV levels were correlated with the clinical outcome or therapeutic effectiveness. The sera were classified into three groups according to AZT treatment; cART with AZT (n = 317), cART without AZT (n = 262), and no anti‐retroviral therapy (n = 108).ResultsThe MCV and lipid profile values were increased after cART. The AZT‐based cART group had higher MCV levels (111.6 ± 7.0 vs. 97.8 ± 7.0 fl, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of macrocytosis (>99 fl; 95.3% vs. 38.2%, P < 0.001) than the non‐AZT‐based cART group. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.835 and the cut‐off of MCV (>102 fl) had a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 66.7% for detecting HIV‐RNA (‐) sera in AZT‐based cART group. In the multivariate regression analysis, HIV‐viral load and HDL‐cholesterol were the only significant correlates to the MCV values in the AZT‐base cART group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe MCV values could be used as a surrogate marker to monitor the clinical outcome of HIV‐infected patients receiving AZT‐based cART.
Innovative Accountability of Tracking Test Kit as Locked Resources: A Lesson in a Restricted Resource Setting
Authors: Makuwani Ahmad M. , Msuya Sia , Haule Dunstan , Mogella Deus , Nkya Efesper 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundTo implement quality screening in a blood service requires the presence of screening strategy with a clear algorithm and supporting standard operating procedures (SOPs), skilled and motivated human resource to perform testing, infrastructure, regular available test kits, and other supplies. In developing countries, smooth supply chain management of critical transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) screening reagents is a challenge. Therefore, managing the little available kits by knowing the rate of consumption, good forecasting, and monitoring expiry date may be a key in ensuring regular supply.MethodTest kit monitoring tool (TKMT) for Vironostika HIV Uni‐Form kit/192 1&2 Ag/Ab, Genedia kits for HBsAg and HCV, and RPR for syphilis was developed to track these reagents. This excel tool was developed to assess received reagents, quantity used, quantity remaining, and date of expiration. The tool was evaluated by assessing rerun for each test kits, match tests conducted with blood units tested, adherence to the principle of first in–first out (FIFO), and quantity remaining in the center against the need.ResultsThe mean rerun for HIV ELISA Vironistika uniform II Ag/Ab observed over expected was 6.9% (n = 3.8) than 2.4% (n = 1.3), HBsAg was 9.9% (n = 5.7) than 6.7% (3.5) (expected), Genedia for HCV was 1.3% (n = 0.7) than 0.5% (n = 0.3), and RPR test for syphilis 3.3% (n = 1.5) than 0.5%. During implementation, TKMT managed to detect expiring kits in the zonal blood transfusion centers.ConclusionA tool‐like TKMT may capture other supplies within blood when expanded. Monitoring of supplies may enable blood service actual accounting and in forecasting supplies and reagents.
Does Prolidase Indicate Worsening of Hepatitis B Infection?
Authors: Duygu Fazilet , Aksoy Nurten , Cicek Aysegul Copur , Butun Ilknur , Unlu Sebnem 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundHepatitis B infection is a health problem that affects more than 400 million people all over the world. We aimed to evaluate the usability of prolidase enzyme that plays an important role in collagen synthesis. Prolidase levels increase in hepatic damage, which can be used as diagnostic parameters in the progressions to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection by evaluating it in different clinical forms of hepatitis B infection.MethodsA total of 69 patients who presented to our clinic with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, 72 patients with inactive hepatitis B infection (IHB), and 45 healthy volunteers were included into this study. Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and prolidase levels of patients were measured. Hepatic biopsy was performed in patients with CHB infection. Prolidase levels were evaluated in three different groups, and its correlations with fibrosis were investigated.ResultsProlidase was different between all groups (P < 0.001). Prolidase level was found to be higher in CHB and IHB compared to the control group. There was no correlation between this enzyme, fibrosis, and histological activity index.ConclusionIn this present study, it is shown that prolidase levels increase in hepatitis B infection. It may be used as a biochemical marker in the chronic hepatitis B.
Gas‐particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol emissions: 3. Biomass burning
Authors: May Andrew A. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Hennigan Christopher J. , Riipinen Ilona , Lee Taehyoung , Collett Jeffrey L. , Jimenez Jose L. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Robinson Allen L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAtmospheric organic aerosol concentrations depend in part on the gas‐particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions. Consequently, heating and dilution were used to investigate the volatility of biomass‐burning smoke particles from combustion of common North American trees/shrubs/grasses during the third Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment. Fifty to eighty percent of the mass of biomass‐burning POA evaporated when isothermally diluted from plume‐ (~1000 µg m−3) to ambient‐like concentrations (~10 µg m−3), while roughly 80% of the POA evaporated upon heating to 100°C in a thermodenuder with a residence time of ~14 sec. Therefore, the majority of the POA emissions were semivolatile. Thermodenuder measurements performed at three different residence times indicated that there were not substantial mass transfer limitations to evaporation (i.e., the mass accommodation coefficient appears to be between 0.1 and 1). An evaporation kinetics model was used to derive volatility distributions and enthalpies of vaporization from the thermodenuder data. A single volatility distribution can be used to represent the measured gas‐particle partitioning from the entire set of experiments, including different fuels, organic aerosol concentrations, and thermodenuder residence times. This distribution, derived from the thermodenuder measurements, also predicts the dilution‐driven changes in gas‐particle partitioning. This volatility distribution and associated emission factors for each fuel studied can be used to update emission inventories and to simulate the gas‐particle partitioning of biomass‐burning POA emissions in chemical transport models.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the high‐risk breast: Apparent diffusion coefficient values and their relationship to breast density
Authors: O'Flynn Elizabeth A.M. , Wilson Robin M. , Allen Steven D. , Locke Imogen , Scurr Erica , deSouza Nandita M. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo document the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of fibroglandular breast tissue in women at high‐risk of developing breast cancer and investigate the relationship between ADC and breast density.Materials and MethodsLocal research ethics approval was obtained. A total of 33 high‐risk women including 17 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (mean age, 43 years) and 16 women postmantle irradiation (mean age 40 years) underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI between days 6 and 16 of their menstrual cycle. ADC histograms from a region of interest in fibroglandular tissue and mammographic breast density measurements were obtained. Mean, percentile ADC values (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th) and skew were compared for the two groups; ADC and mammographic breast density were correlated.ResultsMean ADC values (×10−6 mm2/s) were 2017 ± 197 in postmantle irradiated women and 1827 ± 289 in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (P = 0.035) with significant differences at all percentiles (P < 0.0001) but not skew (P = 0.44). ADC values showed weak positive correlation with mammographic breast density in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (r = 0.51, P = 0.043) but not in postmantle radiotherapy patients (r = 0.49, P = 0.13).ConclusionHigher ADC values seen in fibroglandular tissue postmantle irradiation compared with BRCA1/2 mutation carriers has potential to improve tumor detection in these patients. Lack of correlation between ADC and breast density postmantle irradiation may be a result of microstructural changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:805–811. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.