bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High dynamic-range and portable magnetometer using ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Dasika Shishir , Mangat Maheshwar , Tallur Siddharth , Saha Kasturi 
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have been explored for a wide range of sensing applications in the last decade due to their unique quantum properties. In this work, we report a compact and portable magnetometer with an ensemble of NV centers, which we call the Quantum MagPI (Quantum Magnetometer with Proportional Integral control). Our fully integrated compact sensor assembly and control electronics fit inside a 10 × 10 × 7 cm3 box and a 30 × 25 × 5 cm3 rack-mountable box, respectively. We achieve a bandwidth normalized sensitivity of ∼10 nT/Hz. Using closed-loop feedback for locking to the resonance frequency, we extend the linear dynamic range to 200 μT (20× improvement compared to the intrinsic dynamic range) without compromising the sensitivity. We report a detailed performance analysis of the magnetometer through measurements of noise spectra, Allan deviation, and tracking of nT-level magnetic fields in real-time. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of such a magnetometer by real-time tracking of the movement of an elevator car and door opening events by measuring the projection of the magnetic field along one of the NV-axes under ambient temperature and humidity conditions.
Simulation of chiral motion of excitation within the ground-state manifolds of neutral atoms
Authors: Tang Hao-Yuan , Li Xiao-Xuan , You Jia-Bin , Shao Xiao-Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Laser-induced gauge fields in neutral atoms serve as a means of mimicking the effects of a magnetic field, providing researchers with a platform to explore behaviors analogous to those observed in condensed matter systems under real magnetic fields. Here, we propose a method to generate chiral motion in atomic excitations within the neutral atomic ground-state manifolds. This is achieved through the application of polychromatic driving fields coupled to the ground–Rydberg transition, along with unconventional Rydberg pumping. The scheme offers the advantage of arbitrary adjustment of the effective magnetic flux by setting the relative phases between different external laser fields. In addition, the effective interaction strength between the atomic ground states can be maintained at 10 kHz, surpassing the capabilities of the previous approach utilizing Floquet modulation. Notably, the proposed method can be readily extended to implement a hexagonal neutral atom lattice, serving as the fundamental unit in realizing the Haldane model.
Enhanced electrical insulation properties of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline grafted polypropylene for high voltage direct current power cables
Authors: Yuan Chao , Jiang Bingxu , Zhu Yujie , Zeng Tan , Liu Dongduan , Tang Chengxu , Li Qiao , Li Qi , He Jinliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polymers have been extensively used for high voltage direct current transmission systems as insulation power cables. Space charge accumulation consistently remains the primary factor contributing to the degradation of the electrical insulation properties of polymers. Grafting modification is a valid approach for suppressing the injection of space charges and free electrons by inducing deep traps. In this paper, the modified polypropylene grafted the group with low ionization energy is reported. The deep traps are revealed by the thermally stimulated depolarization current experiment and the band structure as well as the electrostatic potential by density functional theory simulation. The method with the innovative hybrid functional and basis set is adopted to establish the average local ionization distribution of the grafting group, thus confirming its strong electrophilicity. Furthermore, the modified polypropylene has been proved to obtain higher breakdown strength and operational stability by experiments. This work can provide insights for the design and selection of power cables with excellent electrical insulation properties.
A perspective on manganese-based flow batteries
Authors: Wang Xinan , Ding Mei , Jia Chuankun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Manganese (Mn), possessing ample reserves on the earth, exhibits various oxidation states and garners significant attentions within the realm of battery technology. Mn-based flow batteries (MFBs) are recognized as viable contenders for energy storage owing to their environmentally sustainable nature, economic feasibility, and enhanced safety features. Nevertheless, the advancement of MFBs is hindered by contentious reaction mechanisms, suboptimal energy density, and inadequate cycling stability. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of various MFBs based on the specific redox couples utilized in the catholyte, including Mn3+/Mn2+, MnO2/Mn2+, and MnO4
−/MnO4
2−. Moreover, recent advancements and concerns encountered by each type of MFBs are subsequently addressed and discussed in detail. Additionally, the current understanding of the mechanisms for different Mn-based pairs and their potentials for energy storage applications are introduced. Finally, challenges for the future development of MFBs, along with suggested improvement strategies are outlined.
Dynamics of the material ejection in a dipolar arc in continuous regime
Authors: Hellé A , Hugon R , Brochard F , Chouchene S , Marcos G , Moritz J , Schweitzer P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electrical and fast imaging measurements are performed on an experimental device designed to study the dynamics of electric arcs in the DC regime. The work presented here investigates the relationship between electrical fluctuations and material ejection from the electrode surface. Cross-analysis of the electrical and imaging data reveals a significant correlation between electrical fluctuations in the kHz range and particle emission from the electrode surface. Different types of ejection are presented and a study of the dynamics of the ejected particles is carried out through the analysis of a statistically significant number of trajectories.
Rare-earth (Eu3+) substitution impact on the structural, morphological, magneto-dielectric, and electrochemical properties of Cd0.45Co0.55Fe2−y
Eu
y
O4 spinel nanoferrites
Authors: Afzal F , Alhadhrami A , Ibrahim Mohamed M , El-Bahy Zeinhom M , Rahman A U 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A series of

C

d

0.45

C

o

0.55

F

e

2
−
y

E

u

y

O

4

(y = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) spinel nanoferrites (SNFs) were synthesized using a self-igniting process and employed as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The results demonstrated the formation of a single SNFs phase, as shown by the XRD data. The crystallite size lies between the range of 29.30–51.12 nm. The porosity percentage is within the range of 31.37%–32.99%. Rietveld refinement of XRD and Raman analysis revealed the pure spinel phase and no secondary phase was observed. The saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy were also decreased with the addition of Eu3+ in Cd–Co SNFs. The high coercive field was enhanced for Eu3+ doping as compared to pure Cd–Co SNFs. The dielectric constant was improved with the substitution of Eu3+ in Cd–Co SNFs. The dielectric tangent loss was reduced with the doping of Eu3+. The electrochemical performance of the Eu3+ doped Cd–Co SNFs achieved an impressive maximum specific capacitance at a lower scan rate. Based on these findings, the outstanding electrochemical performance of the Eu3+ doped Cd–Co SNFs suggests their potential as promising materials for high-frequency, magnetic ferrofluid, and supercapacitor electrodes.
A high-speed YOLO detection model for steel surface defects with the channel residual convolution and fusion-distribution
Authors: Huang Jianhang , Zhang Xinliang , Jia Lijie , Zhou Yitian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurately and efficiently detecting steel surface defects is a critical step in steel manufacturing. However, the compromise between the detection speed and accuracy remains a major challenge, especially for steel surface defects with large variations in the scale. To address the issue, an improved you only look once (YOLO) based detection model is proposed through the reinforcement of its backbone and neck. Firstly, for the reduction of the redundant parameters and also the improvement of the characterization ability of the model, an effective channel residual structure is adopted to construct a channel residual convolution module and channel residual cross stage partial module as components of the backbone network, respectively. They realize the extraction of both the shallow feature and multi-scale feature simultaneously under a small number of convolutional parameters. Secondly, in the neck of YOLO, a fusion-distribution strategy is employed, which extracts and fuses multi-scale feature maps from the backbone network to provide global information, and then distributes global information into local features of different branches through an inject attention mechanism, thus enhancing the feature gap between different branches. Then, a model called CRFD-YOLO is derived for the steel surface defect detection and localization for the situations where both speed and accuracy are demanding. Finally, extensive experimental validations are conducted to evaluate the performance of CRFD-YOLO. The validation results indicate that CRFD-YOLO achieves a satisfactory detection performance with a mean average precision of 81.3% on the NEU-DET and 71.1% on the GC10-DET. Additionally, CRFD-YOLO achieves a speed of 161 frames per second, giving a great potential in real-time detection and localization tasks.
Grand-potential phase field simulations of droplet growth and sedimentation in a two-phase ternary fluid
Authors: Verdier Werner , Cartalade Alain , Plapp Mathis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A methodology is built to model and simulate the dynamics of domain coarsening of a two-phase ternary liquid with an arbitrary phase diagram. High numerical performance is obtained through the use of the phase field-method for interface capturing, a lattice Boltzmann method numerical scheme for all the model equations, and a portable, parallel simulation code running on multiple GPUs. The model is benchmarked against an analytic solution for a ternary diffusion couple. It also reproduces the well-known power law for droplet coarsening during Ostwald ripening without fluid flow. Large-scale simulations with flow illustrate the effects of momentum transport and buoyancy, as well as droplet coalescence and sedimentation.
A novel relative-equilibrium graphical plot for rapid reversible tracer studies in dynamic PET imaging
Authors: Tian Zifeng , Zuo Yang , Xi Peng , Meng Xiangxi , Shao Wenrui , Yang Yidong , Ren Qiushi , Yu Jiangyuan , Xie Zhaoheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to address the issue of long scan durations required by traditional graphical analysis methods, such as the Logan plot and its variant, the reversible equilibrium (RE) Logan plot, for dynamic PET imaging of tracer kinetics. Approach. We propose a relative RE Logan model that builds on the principles of the Logan plot and its variant to significantly reduce scan time without compromising the accuracy of tracer kinetics analysis. The model is supported by theoretical evidence and experimental validations, including two computer simulations and one clinical data analysis. Main results. The proposed model demonstrates a significant linear relationship between the variable x and the slope DVT
of the RE Logan plot, and the variable x′ and the slope

D

V
T
′

of the relative RE Logan plot. The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of the linear fitting of the x′ to the x equal 0.9849 in the simulated data and 0.9912 in the clinical data. Similarly, the r values for the linear fitting of

D

V
T
′

to DVT
equal 0.9989 and 0.9988 in the simulated data, and 0.9954 in the clinical data. Significance. These results demonstrate the model’s capability to maintain strong linear relationships and produce parametric images comparable to the traditional RE Logan plot, but with the considerable advantage of shorter scan durations. This innovation holds significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and feasibility of PET imaging in clinical settings.
The effect of high-Z dopant on the ablation of carbon–hydrogen polymer target
Authors: Xiong Wei , Yang Xiaohu , Zhang Guobo , Chen Zehao , Cui Ye , Zeng Bo , Li Ze , Li Lingrui , Xu Bihao , Dong Yulong , Ma Yanyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-Z dopants such as chlorine, bromine and silicon in carbon–hydrogen polymer (CH) targets play a crucial role during the ablation of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). These dopants can serve as diagnostic tools in experiments and mitigate hot electron preheating, but they also influence the laser ablation. In this paper, the process of high-power laser ablating doped CH targets has been studied through radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Our findings reveal that the laser absorption rate in the doped targets increase as a result of the increasing electron-ion collision frequency. This leads to the increase of the electron, ion and radiation temperatures. Furthermore, high-Z dopants contribute to a decrease in the ablation pressure, which tends to a constant. Moreover, the saturation phenomenon of the mass ablation rate has been found. For the targets with low doping ratios (e.g. 6.25%–12.5%), the mass ablation rate increases until reaching the saturation at a doping ratio of 18.75%, after which it decreases. This indicates that an appropriate doping ratio can increase the laser absorption and ablation. The results are helpful to comprehensively understand the effects of high-Z dopant on all stages of ICF.
Understanding attosecond streaking
Authors: Ortmann Lisa , Landsman Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This tutorial provides an overview on the theory of attosecond streaking, a pump-probe scheme to extract timing information of ionization processes that has been widely used in the past decade. Emphasis is put on the origin of the Coulomb-laser-coupling (CLC) term, which is crucial in the interpretation of streaking delays. Having gained a proper understanding of how the CLC terms in various publications relate to each other, we will be able to analyze in which regime the streaking delay can be split into a measurement-induced CLC term and a ‘pure’ ionization delay and under which conditions this splitting may break down. Thus we address the long-standing question of the validity of the widely applied interpretation of the streaking delay as a sum of the CLC term and a ‘pure’ ionization delay.
Experimental investigation of dipole formation and modulation at Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/SiO2 interface
Authors: Gong Manru , Zhou Lixing , Wang Xiaolei , Dai Saifei , Cui Jialu , Dai Cong , Zhang Yamin , Feng Shiwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
HfO2-doped ferroelectric field-effect transistors have been extensively studied since the discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2. A metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor structure is widely used in FeFETs. The dipole at the doped-HfO2/SiO2 interface is not well understood, though it plays an important role in the flat voltage shift and band alignment which strongly affects charge trapping. This study investigates the band alignment and dipole distribution at the

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

/SiO2 interface using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band bending of the

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

/SiO2/Si structure is found to vary with

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

layer thickness. The valence band offset (VBO) at the

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

/SiO2 interface decreases with increasing

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

thickness. It is confirmed that the dipole contributes to the dependence of band bending and VBO on

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

thickness. Dipole formation is caused by the charge neutral level mismatch between

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

and the SiO2/Si stack, which induces electron transfer and band bending. O2 post deposition annealing (PDA) can modulate the dipole distribution and generate a larger dipole at the

Hf

0.5

Zr

0.5

O

2

/SiO2 interface than that of the sample not subjected PDA.
Effect of calcination temperature on structural, optical, and morphological properties of RAlO3 (R = La, Sm) perovskite oxides
Authors: Vijayan Vinoth , R Murali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
RAlO3 (R = La, Sm) have attracted the research community due to their interesting optoelectronic properties and viable applications. The solution combustion method allows for a faster process and lower calcination temperature than the traditional solid-state method and is an economical alternative to wet chemical synthesis for producing RAlO3. This work explores the thermal, structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of RAlO3 (R = La, Sm) synthesised by the solution combustion method using urea as fuel. Thermogravimetric analysis—differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) showed the crystallization temperatures of lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) and samarium aluminate (SmAlO3) at 864 and 887 °C, respectively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analysis revealed the structure of LaAlO3 as rhombohedral (R-3c) and SmAlO3 as orthorhombic (Pbnm). The LaAlO3 and SmAlO3 samples calcinated at 800 °C showed crystallite size (D) of 19.26 nm and 19.06 nm, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images show a highly porous and large sheet-like morphology with voids and cracks. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images and the selective area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern show crystalline nature and the indexed planes agreed with the XRD results. The LaAlO3 and SmAlO3 samples had specific surface areas of 16.374 and 12.953 m2 g−1, respectively. The TGA-DTA results were affirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results which showed only the presence of metal-oxide bonds for materials annealed at and above 800 °C. These results were further validated by the electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showing no additional peaks. The band gap of 5.08 and 4.82 eV were calculated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) for LaAlO3 and SmAlO3, respectively. The results imply that the solution combustion technique using urea as fuel is a viable route for synthesising RAlO3.
Structural and optical properties of green-synthesised tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Mandal Biplab Kumar , Chauhan Pratap Singh , Das Rahul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the structural and optical properties of garlic extract-based green-synthesised tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a particle size range of 8–22 nm for the prepared powder sample. Powder x-ray diffraction data and Rietveld refinement results confirmed the spinel cubic crystal structure of the tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles, with an average crystallite size of 11.23 nm. This crystal structure corresponds to the Fd3̅m space group and has an average lattice constant of 0.791 nm. The bond lengths of Co3+–O2− and Co2+–O2− are measured to be 0.188 nm and 0.190 nm, respectively. The FTIR data provided evidence of the presence of various functional bands, which helped qualitatively determine the purity of the sample. The UV–vis spectrum estimated two direct energy band gap values (3.7 eV and 2.2 eV) that may be useful for efficient interaction with a wide range of ray spectra to create more electron–hole pairs for various photo-responsive applications, such as dye degradation, solar cells, and optoelectronic components.
GaAs-on-insulator based vertical heterojunction tunnel FET: proposal and analysis for VLSI circuit applications
Authors: Mishra Varun , Singh Ashish Kumar , Nautiyal Rahul , Chauhan Akhilesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work analyses the Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)-on-insulator based vertical heterojunction tunnel FET with Gallium Antimonide (GaSb) as source material and GaAs as channel/drain material (GaSb/GaAs VTFET) to enhance the performance of the device and is compared with the Silicon-based VTFET. Silvaco Atlas TCAD tool is employed to perform numerical calculations. Tentative fabrication process flow of GaSb/GaAs VTFET is presented. GaSb is a low bandgap material that enhances the tunneling of charge carriers at source-channel heterojunction. GaSb/GaAs VTFET device outperforms Si-based VTFET in terms of electrical performance metrics such as ON-state current (ION), and ION/IOFF increases by a factor of 11 and 270 respectively; whereas OFF-state current (IOFF), subthreshold swing (SS), threshold voltage (VT) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) reduce by 95.98%, 39.36%, 17.14% and 29.17% respectively. Further, analog/RF and linearity/distortion performance analysis is carried out. GaSb/GaAs VTFET has improved analog/RF performances in terms of cut-off frequency (fT), gain-bandwidth product (GBP), transit time (τ), device efficiency (DE), transconductance frequency product (TFP) and suppressed distortions in compare to Si-based VTFET. Finally, GaSb/GaAs VTFET is evaluated for process variations and designing digital inverter and common source amplifier circuits. The Look-up-table (LUT) based Verilog-A model within the CADENCE tool has been employed to scrutinize the transient responses of inverter and common source amplifier circuits. Unity gain frequency and 3-dB bandwidth obtained for GaSb/GaAs VTFET amplifier are 15 GHz and 5.97 GHz. Therefore, this work presents GaSb/GaAs VTFET’s strong candidature for analog and digital VLSI circuit designing.
Quantum broadcasting of the generalized GHZ state: quantum noise analysis using quantum state tomography via IBMQ simulation
Authors: Mafi Yousef , Kookani Ali , Aghababa Hossein , Barati Masoud , Kolahdouz Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the challenges posed by quantum noise to communication protocols, with a particular emphasis on the vulnerabilities of current quantum broadcast protocols. The research employs the generalized GHZ state, known for its multipartite entangled cluster state with real-value coefficients, as a diagnostic tool to understand and address the impact of quantum noise on transmitted information. Implementing two novel controlled quantum broadcast schemes on the IBM Quantum (IBMQ) Experience platform, using the Qiskit library and the QASM simulator, the investigation evaluates the effects of four different types of quantum noise through Kraus operator models. A notable aspect of the study is the pioneering use of quantum state tomography for a comprehensive analysis of quantum noise effects, providing novel insights into the resilience of quantum communication protocols.