bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour‐induced immune suppression: role of inflammatory mediators released by myelomonocytic cells
Authors: Mao Y. , Poschke I. , Kiessling R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTumour‐induced immune dysfunction is a serious challenge to immunotherapy for cancer, and intact adaptive and innate cellular immunity is key to its success. Myelomonocytic cells have a central role in this immune suppression, and tumour‐associated macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells have all been shown to be of major importance. These myelomonocytic cells secrete a broad repertoire of inflammatory mediators providing them with powerful tools to inhibit tumour‐reactive T cells and natural killer cells; free oxygen radicals including reactive oxygen species and NO, arginase, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, prostaglandins, the pro‐inflammatory heterodimer S100A8/9 and cytokines, such as granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and transforming growth factor‐β, have proven particularly potent in suppressing antitumour cellular immunity. Determining which of these factors prevail in individual cancer patients and designing methods aimed at neutralization or inhibition of their effects on target tissues have the potential to greatly enhance the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.
Noninvasive Fractional Flow on MRA Predicts Stroke Risk of Intracranial Stenosis
Authors: Liebeskind David S. , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Lynn Michael J. , Scalzo Fabien , Fong Albert K. , Fariborz Pari , Chimowitz Marc I. , Feldmann Edward 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEFractional flow may identify hemodynamic effects and ischemic risk beyond percent stenosis of an artery. We hypothesized that diminished TOF‐MRA signal intensity distal to an intracranial stenosis predicts stroke risk.METHODSTOF‐MRA was acquired prospectively in the SONIA‐WASID trials. The distal/proximal signal intensity ratio (SIR) was calculated from 3 mm regions of interest, blinded to outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses included clinical variables, SIR, and invasive angiography measures to identify predictors for risk of stroke in the territory.RESULTS189 patients with 50‐99% symptomatic intracranial stenosis in SONIA‐WASID had TOF‐MRA available. In univariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for stroke in the territory of the symptomatic artery with SIR < .9 was 5.2 (1.8, 15.3; P < .001) as compared to SIR ≥ .9. Multivariate analysis correcting for baseline systolic blood pressure, LDL, centrally measured percent stenosis, recency of symptoms, TICI and downstream collaterals, the HR for SIR < .9 was 10.9 (2.0, 58.9; P < .001). In those with <70% stenosis, a SIR < .9 maintained a significant association with recurrent stroke in the territory (P = .006), with a 2‐year event rate of 17.3%.CONCLUSIONSFractional flow assessed by TOF‐MRA SIR may be a useful noninvasive tool to identify high‐risk intracranial lesions.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION‐URLThis trial was not registered because enrollment began prior to July 1, 2005.
Correlation between Leukoaraiosis Volume and Circle of Willis Variants
Authors: Saba Luca , Raz Eytan , Fatterpekar Girish , Montisci Roberto , di Martino Michele , Bassareo Pier Paolo , Piga Mario 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe Circle of Willis (COW) is the main collateral system between the bilateral carotid systems and the posterior circulation. COW normal variants are encountered in up to 62% of subjects. We hypothesize that, in patients with carotid artery stenosis, the presence of COW variants is a risk factor for leukoaraiosis.MATERIALS AND METHODSForty‐seven patients (mean age 72.1 ± 9 years, males = 39) with carotid artery stenosis admitted for carotid endarterectomy were included and underwent an admission brain MRI/MRA. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the COW variants. FLAIR‐leukoaraiosis lesion‐volume was performed using a semiautomated segmentation technique. Mann–Whitney and Pearson correlations were conducted to identify the correlation between the FLAIR‐leukoaraiosis lesion‐volume and the COW variants. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the AUC of FLAIR‐leukoaraiosis lesion‐volume and presence/absence of COW variants.RESULTSPearson correlation demonstrated that the leukoaraiosis lesion‐volume is significantly associated with the COW variants number (rho = .358, P = .0215). When patients were dicotomized in two subgroups, with and without COW variants, the lesion‐volume was significantly higher in the variants group (P = .0405). The ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of .688 (SE = .083, 95%CI = .525‐.823) with a statistically significant P = .0225, between the presence of COW variants and the FLAIR‐leukoaraiosis lesion‐volume.CONCLUSIONThe presence and the number of COW variants are associated with a higher leukoaraiosis volume in patients with significant internal carotid artery stenosis.
Behavior Phenotype: A Synthesis of Research to Understand Age‐Related Change in Behavior in Several Syndromes
Authors: Couzens Donna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractKnowledge of behavior change with age can inform our understanding of maturation and contextual influences on functions and precursors of behavior and optimal timing of supports. The author reviewed current information on age‐related change in problem behaviors related to etiology of intellectual disability and synthesized behavioral research using select domains of theAberrantBehaviorChecklist (hyperactivity/noncompliance, lethargy/social withdrawal, irritability/agitation, and stereotypic behavior). Syntheses of available data demonstrated an absence of problem behavior for many individuals with Down syndrome and normative behaviors in all domains (except irritability/agitation) for individuals withPrader–Willi syndrome and (except for hyperactivity/noncompliance) for those with fragileXand Angelman syndromes. Significant behavior problems across all domains were evident for individuals withSmith–Magenis syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. The author identified problems with available data and concluded that web‐based technologies offer an avenue for collaborative and sustainable longitudinal research. Such technologies may engage individuals and their communities in participatory research and enrich the information available for these groups.
Regional and Temporal Variations ofLeptospiraSeropositivity in Dogs in the United States, 2000–2010
Authors: Lee H.S. , Levine M. , Guptill‐Yoran C. , Johnson A.J. , von Kamecke P. , Moore G.E. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported a seasonal increased risk for leptospirosis, but there is no consistent seasonality reported across regions in the United States.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare seasonal patterns in seropositivity for leptospirosis in dogs for 4USregions (northeast [NE], midwest [MW], south‐central [SC], and California‐southern west coast [CS]).AnimalsForty four thousand nine hundred and sixteen canine serum samples submitted to a commercial laboratory for microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) from 2000 through 2010.MethodsIn this retrospective study, positive cases were defined asMATtiters ≥1 : 3,200 for at least one of 7 tested serovars. Four geographic regions were defined, andMATresults were included in regional analyses based on hospital zipcode. A seasonal‐trend decomposition method for times series was utilized for the analysis. Monthly variation in the seropositive rate was evaluated using a seasonal cycle subseries plot and logistic regression.ResultsTwo thousand and twelve of 44,916 (4.48%) samples were seropositive. Compared to seropositive rates for February, significantly higher monthly rates occurred during the 2nd half of the year in theMW(OR 3.92–6.35) andNE(OR 2.03–4.80) regions, and only in January (OR 2.34) and December (OR 1.74) in theSCregion. Monthly seropositive rates indicative of seasonality were observed earlier in the calendar year for bothCSandSCregions.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSeasonal patterns for seropositivity to leptospires differed by geographic region. Although risk of infection in dogs can occur year round, knowledge of seasonal trends can assist veterinarians in formulating differential diagnoses and evaluation of exposure risk.
Influence of Beta Blockers on Survival in Dogs with Severe Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: Eason B.D. , Fine D.M. , Leeder D. , Stauthammer C. , Lamb K. , Tobias A.H. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSubaortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital cardiac defects in dogs. Severe SAS frequently is treated with a beta adrenergic receptor blocker (beta blocker), but this approach largely is empirical.ObjectiveTo determine the influence of beta blocker treatment on survival time in dogs with severe SAS.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of dogs diagnosed with severe, uncomplicated SAS (pressure gradient [PG] ≥80 mmHg) between 1999 and 2011.ResultsFifty dogs met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐seven dogs were treated with a beta blocker and 23 received no treatment. Median age at diagnosis was significantly greater in the untreated group (1.2 versus 0.6 years, respectively; P = .03). Median PG at diagnosis did not differ between the treated and untreated groups (127 versus 121 mmHg, respectively; P = .2). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify the influence of PG at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and beta blocker treatment on survival. In the all‐cause multivariate mortality analysis, only age at diagnosis (P = .02) and PG at diagnosis (P = .03) affected survival time. In the cardiac mortality analysis, only PG influenced survival time (P = .03). Treatment with a beta blocker did not influence survival time in either the all‐cause (P = .93) or cardiac‐cause (P = .97) mortality analyses.ConclusionsBeta blocker treatment did not influence survival in dogs with severe SAS in our study, and a higher PG at diagnosis was associated with increased risk of death.
Cost‐effectiveness of intravenous acetaminophen for pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Subramanyam Rajeev , Varughese Anna , Kurth Charles Dean , Eckman Mark H. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe primary outcome of this study was to examine the cost‐effectiveness of the intraoperative combination of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen and IV opioids, versus IV opioids alone, as a part of an inhalational anesthetic technique for tonsillectomy in children.MethodsWe used Decision Maker® software to construct and analyze a decision analytic model. Base‐case and sensitivity analyses were performed. We studied the use of rescue analgesics in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), adverse effects of acetaminophen and opioids, and costs associated with adverse effects. Costs were in 2013 US dollars, and effectiveness was measured as frequency of avoiding the need for rescue analgesics. Direct medical costs included medication, equipment, supplies, and labor associated with the treatment of adverse events from pain medications. Medication costs assumed single‐dose vials.ResultsIn the base case, IV acetaminophen in combination with opioids was both less costly ($17.12) and more effective (3.3% fewer rescue events). In sensitivity analyses, the combination strategy remained cost‐effective as long as the frequency of rescue analgesic administration was less than that in the opioid‐alone strategy. Although medication costs of the combination strategy were higher, the overall costs were less than the competing strategy due to reduced adverse effects and reduced time spent in PACU.ConclusionsThe routine use of IV acetaminophen as an adjuvant to IV opioids for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in children aged <17 years should be considered as a means to reduce the need for rescue analgesia and in turn reduce costs.
Failure of isolated kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 2
Authors: Naderi GholamHossein , Latif AmirHossein , Tabassomi Firouzeh , Esfahani Seyed Taher 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPH type 2 is caused by decreased activity ofGRHPRenzyme that eventually leads toESRDand systemic oxalosis. Here, we describe an Iranian pediatric patient withPH2 and earlyESRDdevelopment who received recommended treatment by undergoing isolated kidney transplantation. Diagnosis criteria included a history of reoccurring calcium oxalate renal stones and elevated oxalate levels combined with liver biopsy and decreased enzymatic activity at age five.ESRDprompted transplantation and was performed at age nine. On Day 12 post‐op, his serum creatinine level increased. A graft biopsy showed calcium oxalate crystal deposits in renal tubes with no evidence of acute rejection, which resolved with intensive hydration and administration of a potassium citrate solution. Subsequent biopsies confirmed results found in first biopsy. Despite the immunosuppressive therapy, his serum creatinine level increased again after 11 months. Renal tubular obstruction then led to graft nephrectomy. Pathological analysis of tissue confirmed findings of past biopsies. This was a very rare case of earlyESRDinPH2 resulting in a failed isolated kidney transplant. As theGRHPRenzyme is predominantly expressed in liver, we suggest a combined liver‐kidney transplant may be beneficial in patients withPH2.
Spinoza on Physical Science
Authors: Peterman Alison 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss Spinoza on the proper methods and content of physical science. I start by showing how Spinoza's epistemology leads him to a kind of pessimism about the prospects of empirical and mathematical methods in natural philosophy. While they are useful for life, they do not tell us about nature, as Spinoza puts it, “as it is in itself.” At the same time, Spinoza seems to allow that we have some knowledge of physical things and their behavior. So I go on to outline and critique a few of the accounts of how Spinoza thinks we can do this, focusing on the role of the common notions in physics. In the third section, I discuss the possible contents of physics, for Spinoza, and argue that they are not, as is usually thought, fundamentally Cartesian. I conclude by pointing to some promising directions for future research and suggesting a few heuristics for such research.
Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX Generated by Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and its Suppression by UVB Exposure
Authors: Kubota Toru , Toyooka Tatsushi , Zhao Xiaoxu , Ibuki Yuko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that the nonionic surfactants, nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) induced the phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ‐H2AX), accompanied by DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), and that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) degraded NPEOs, which sometimes enhanced their DNA‐damaging ability. In this study, we showed that linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), general anion surfactants, also generated DSBs with γ‐H2AX, and this ability was attenuated by UVB exposure. In the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF‐7, γ‐H2AX was generated in a dose‐dependent manner immediately after cells were treated with LAS, and this was attributed to the formation of DSBs and was independent of cell cycle phases. The ability to generate γ‐H2AX was markedly reduced in LAS exposed to UVB. HPLC analysis revealed that LAS were a mixture of various alkyl chain lengths, the peaks of which were detected at individual retention times. UVB evenly decreased all peaks of LAS, without migration of peaks to other retention times, which indicated that UVB may degrade the benzene ring of LAS, but did not shorten the alkyl chains. UVB is an important environmental factor in the degradation of LAS exhibiting the ability to induce DSBs, the most serious type of DNA damage.
Akaline, saline and mixed saline–alkaline stresses induce physiological and morpho‐anatomical changes in Lotus tenuis shoots
Authors: Paz R. C. , Reinoso H. , Espasandin F. D. , González Antivilo F. A. , Sansberro P. A. , Rocco R. A. , Ruiz O. A. , Menéndez A. B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSaline, alkaline and mixed saline–alkaline conditions frequently co‐occur in soil. In this work, we compared these plant stress sources on the legume Lotus tenuis, regarding their effects on shoot growth and leaf and stem anatomy. In addition, we aimed to gain insight on the plant physiological status of stressed plants. We performed pot experiments with four treatments: control without salt (pH = 5.8; EC = 1.2 dS·m−1) and three stress conditions, saline (100 mm NaCl, pH = 5.8; EC = 11.0 dS·m−1), alkaline (10 mm NaHCO3, pH = 8.0, EC = 1.9 dS·m−1) and mixed salt–alkaline (10 mm NaHCO3 + 100 mm NaCl, pH = 8.0, EC = 11.0 dS·m−1). Neutral and alkaline salts produced a similar level of growth inhibition on L. tenuis shoots, whereas their mixture exacerbated their detrimental effects. Our results showed that none of the analysed morpho‐anatomical parameters categorically differentiated one stress from the other. However, NaCl‐ and NaHCO3‐derived stress could be discriminated to different extents and/or directions of changes in some of the anatomical traits. For example, alkalinity led to increased stomatal opening, unlike NaCl‐treated plants, where a reduction in stomatal aperture was observed. Similarly, plants from the mixed saline–alkaline treatment characteristically lacked palisade mesophyll in their leaves. The stem cross‐section and vessel areas, as well as the number of vascular bundles in the sectioned stem were reduced in all treatments. A rise in the number of vessel elements in the xylem was recorded in NaCl‐treated plants, but not in those treated exclusively with NaHCO3.
Climatic vs. tectonic signals in a continental extensional basin (Teruel, NE Spain) from stable isotope (δ18O) and sequence stratigraphical evolution
Authors: Ezquerro Lope , Luzón Aránzazu , Navarro Marta , Liesa Carlos L. , Simón José L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlluvial fans and shallow carbonate lakes interfered in the Teruel half‐graben during the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Tectonic influence is recorded in alluvial and lacustrine–palustrine successions, with long‐term climate changes being recorded in detail in the isotopic signatures of carbonates. Episodes of tectonic activity induced alluvial fan progradation and lake retraction in the whole basin. Three lacustrine stages have been identified, which support the idea that climate also exerted an important control on sedimentation. The transition between stages 1 and 2 occurred during a tectonically calm episode due to an increase in aridity in the Early Turolian; small fans with source areas next to the lake margin prograded, inducing lake‐shore retraction. The transition from stage 2 to 3 was caused by the superimposition of increasing tectonic activity and aridity effects. Our study demonstrates that discrimination of allogenic factors controlling sedimentation in continental closed basins is possible using sequence stratigraphy in combination with other techniques such as geochemistry of carbonates.
TimeBliography: A Dynamic and OnlineBibliography on TemporalGIS
Authors: Siabato Willington , Claramunt Christophe , Manso‐Callejo Miguel Ángel , Bernabé‐Poveda Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article introduces an online bibliography on temporalGIS, a research area in which different scientific fields and researchers have provided substantial results and literature over the past few years. We first define the scientific domain of temporalGIS, its origin and recent evolution, and the context of this bibliography. Then, the components and functionalities of the web‐based application that support the online bibliography are described. The bibliography, entitledTimeBliography, is accessible on the Web athttp://spaceandtime.wsiabato.info.
Itraconazole prophylaxis for invasive Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation
Authors: Kato K. , Nagao M. , Nakano S. , Yunoki T. , Hotta G. , Yamamoto M. , Matsumura Y. , Ito Y. , Takakura S. , Chen F. , Bando T. , Matsuda Y. , Matsubara K. , Date H. , Ichiyama S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvasive Aspergillus infection (IA) is a significant cause of morbidity in lung transplantation (LT). However, its optimal prophylaxis is unclear. We routinely administer itraconazole (ITCZ) prophylaxis to all patients undergoing LT. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the duration of prophylaxis and risk factors of IA. Among 30 adult patients who underwent LT, 5 patients developed IA. All patients with IA stopped ITCZ treatment within 1 year. At least 1 year of ITCZ prophylaxis is essential for the prevention of IA. Cytomegalovirus infection, renal replacement therapy, and tracheotomy were risk factors for IA.
Pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Giannella M. , Muñoz P. , Alarcón J.M. , Mularoni A. , Grossi P. , Bouza E. ,   the PISOT study group
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia frequently affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with high morbidity and mortality. However, the few studies on pneumonia in this population are mainly retrospective, single‐center, and long‐term studies, or include patients with only one type of SOT or a specific etiology. We performed a point prevalence study to investigate epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of pneumonia in an unselected SOT population.MethodsItalian and Spanish transplant centers were invited to report on all SOT recipients with pneumonia treated during 2 separate weeks (1 each in February and June 2012).ResultsIn total, 35 centers (18 in Italy, 17 in Spain) agreed to participate and collected 54 cases. The incidence of pneumonia was 10.1 episodes/1000 recipients/year. Pneumonia was classified as late (>6 months) in 70.4% of cases. Pneumonia was also classified as community‐acquired (CAP), healthcare‐associated (HCAP), and hospital‐acquired (HAP) pneumonia in 40.7%, 38.9%, and 20.4% of cases, respectively. An attempt to microbiological diagnosis (≥1 sample) was made in 94.4% of patients, with a diagnostic yield of 60.7%. Causative agents included bacteria (87.1%), virus (29%), and fungi (6.4%). A multidrug‐resistant bacterium was isolated in 18.2%, 40%, and 100% of patients with CAP, HCAP, and HAP (P = 0.007), respectively. Overall, 11.1% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 3.7% developed graft rejection, and graft function deteriorated in 18.5%. In‐hospital mortality was 1.9%.ConclusionPneumonia remains a frequent problem in SOT recipients, although it occurs later in patients who are in better physical health. Therefore, harmful pathogens and worse outcome are less common than previously thought.
The use of novel lymphatic endothelial cell‐specific immunohistochemical markers to differentiate cutaneous angiosarcomas in dogs
Authors: Halsey C. H. C. , Worley D. R. , Curran K. , Charles J. B. , Ehrhart E. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLymphangiosarcomas are uncommon vascular neoplasms that arise from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). They efface and replace normal subcutaneous tissue and are characterised by arborising, vascular channels lined by a single layer of pleomorphic endothelial cells and a paucity of erythrocytes. Lymphangiosarcomas are architecturally similar to hemangiosarcomas, a common malignancy of vascular origin arising from blood vascular endothelial cells. Common immunohistochemical markers for vascular endothelium, such as Factor VIII‐related antigen (F8RA) and CD31, have traditionally been used to confirm the diagnosis of tumours of vascular origin. However, these markers fail to differentiate between lymphangiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma, which often show overlapping morphologic features, disparate clinical behaviour and require different treatment modalities. Here we describe the use of two novel LEC‐specific markers, lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor‐1 (LYVE‐1) and prospero‐related homeobox gene‐1 (PROX‐1), to further differentiate between vascular tumours of lymphatic (lymphangiosarcoma) and blood (hemangiosarcoma) endothelial cell origin in the dog.