bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young audiences’ emotional experience on smartphone film: an application of dual-coding theory
Authors: Huang Tseng-Lung , Chen Yi-Mu 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to determine whether smartphones create the best communication fit with a young audience.

Design/methodology/approach
– To validate the hypotheses, a task-based laboratory study was conducted. And smartphone film and television (TV) film were provided in the laboratory. Young respondents were recruited in the classroom and brief introduction and film were broadcasted. After watching the film, levels of respondent’s emotional experience was measured via questionnaire.

Findings
– The results indicate that when the text of the film matches the young audience’s schema, the young audience uses, mainly, imagery coding to interpret the text and achieve an emotional experience. Conversely, when the text and schema do not match, the young audience uses both proposition coding and imagery coding.

Practical implications
– Based on the results found in this study, companies should use different texts to match the different schema of young audiences to ensure that audiences can process coding and enjoy emotional experiences when using smartphone.

Originality/value
– Dual-coding theory is applied to determine which coding system the audience use to interpret the new-media text, such as smartphone films.
Swahili speech development: preliminary normative data from typically developing pre‐school children in Tanzania
Authors: Gangji Nazneen , Pascoe Michelle , Smouse Mantoa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundSwahili is widely spoken in East Africa, but to date there are no culturally and linguistically appropriate materials available for speech–language therapists working in the region. The challenges are further exacerbated by the limited research available on the typical acquisition of Swahili phonology.AimTo describe the speech development of 24 typically developing first language Swahili‐speaking children between the ages of 3;0 and 5;11 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods & ProceduresA cross‐sectional design was used with six groups of four children in 6‐month age bands. Single‐word speech samples were obtained from each child using a set of culturally appropriate pictures designed to elicit all consonants and vowels of Swahili. Each child's speech was audio‐recorded and phonetically transcribed using International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) conventions. Children's speech development is described in terms of (1) phonetic inventory, (2) syllable structure inventory, (3) phonological processes and (4) percentage consonants correct (PCC) and percentage vowels correct (PVC).Results & OutcomesResults suggest a gradual progression in the acquisition of speech sounds and syllables between the ages of 3;0 and 5;11 years. Vowel acquisition was completed and most of the consonants acquired by age 3;0. Fricatives/z, s, h/ were later acquired at 4 years and /θ/and /r/ were the last acquired consonants at age 5;11. Older children were able to produce speech sounds more accurately and had fewer phonological processes in their speech than younger children. Common phonological processes included lateralization and sound preference substitutions.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe study contributes a preliminary set of normative data on speech development of Swahili‐speaking children. Findings are discussed in relation to theories of phonological development, and may be used as a basis for further normative studies with larger numbers of children and ultimately the development of a contextually relevant assessment of the phonology of Swahili‐speaking children.
Assessing Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Diesel Fueln‐alkanes During Progressive Evaporation
Authors: Muhammad Syahidah A. , Hayman Alan R. , Van Hale Robert , Frew Russell D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCompound‐specific isotope analysis offers potential for fingerprinting of diesel fuels, however, possible confounding effects of isotopic fractionation due to evaporation need to be assessed. This study measured the fractionation of the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes inn‐alkane compounds in neat diesel fuel during evaporation. Isotope ratios were measured using a continuous flow gas chromatograph/isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Diesel samples were progressively evaporated at 24 ± 2°C for 21 days. Increasing depletion of deuterium innC12–nC17alkanes in the remaining liquid with increasing carbon chain length was observed. Negligible carbon isotope fractionation was observed. Preferential vaporization was measured for the shorter chainn‐alkanes and the trend decreased with increasing chain length. The decrease in δ2H values indicates the preferential vaporization of the isotopically heavier species consistent with available quantitative data for hydrocarbons. These results are most important in the application of stable isotope technology to forensic analysis of diesel.
Windrow composting mitigated CH4 emissions: characterization of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities in manure management
Authors: Chen Ruirui , Wang Yiming , Wei Shiping , Wang Wei , Lin Xiangui 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
With increasing livestock breeding, methane (CH4) emissions from manure management will increasingly contribute more to atmospheric CH4 concentration. The dynamics of methanogens and methanotrophs have not yet been studied in the manure environment. The current study combines surface CH4 emissions with methanogenic and methanotrophic community analyses from two management practices, windrow composting (WCOM) and solid storage (SSTO). Our results showed that there was an c. 50% reduction of CH4 emissions with WCOM compared with SSTO over a 50-day period. A sharp decrease in the quantities of both methanogens and methanotrophs in WCOM suggested that CH4 mitigation was mainly due to decreased CH4 production rather than increased CH4 oxidation. Pyrosequencing analysis demonstrated that aeration caused a clear shift of dominant methanogens in the manure, with specifically a significant decrease in Methanosarcina and increase in Methanobrevibacter. The composition of methanogenic community was influenced by manure management and regulated CH4 production. A sharp increase in the quantity of methanotrophs in SSTO suggested that microbial CH4 oxidation is an important sink for the CH4 produced. The increased abundance of Methylococcaceae in SSTO suggested that Type I methanotrophs have an advantage in CH4 oxidation in occupying niches under low CH4 and high O2 conditions.
Using the Peng flap for a wide dorsal nasal defect
Authors: Deluca Jenny , Tappeiner Lukas , Pichler Maria , Eisendle Klaus 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReconstructions of large surgical defects of the central part of the nose pose a challenge for the surgeon due to its cosmetically prominent location. Treatment options include second intention healing, full‐thickness skin grafts and various local flaps. In the present case the “Peng flap” was used for the reconstruction of a 3.1 × 7 cm sized deep defect of the convex curve of the central nasal area in a 66‐year‐old woman. The Peng flap was performed as single‐stage procedure without complications. Good cosmetic outcome was provided by the use of adjacent skin from the lax perinasal area, the placement of the scar lines between facial cosmetic units, and the excellent tissue match for the sebaceous nasal skin. Considering the few complications of a single‐stage procedure associated with an excellent aesthetic outcome, the Peng flap should be considered not only as an effective choice for reconstruction of the cosmetically complex midline nasal tip but also the convex curve of the central nose.
Diabetes and dementia in older people: a Best Clinical Practice Statement by a multidisciplinary National Expert Working Group
Authors: Sinclair A. J. , Hillson R. , Bayer A. J. ,   a National Expert Working Group
Published: August 2014

AbstractBoth dementia and diabetes mellitus are long‐term disabling conditions and each may be a co‐morbidity of the other. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold higher risk of dementia. Diabetes also may occur for the first time in many individuals with mental ill health, including cognitive impairment and dementia, and this may complicate management and lead to difficulties in self‐care. Case finding is often poor for cognitive impairment in medical settings and for diabetes in mental health settings and this needs to be addressed in the development of care pathways for both conditions. Many other deficiencies in quality care (both for dementia and diabetes) currently exist, but we hope that this Best Clinical Practice Statement will provide a platform for further work in this area. We have outlined the key steps in an integrated care pathway for both elements of this clinical relationship, produced guidance on identifying each condition, dealt with the potentially hazardous issue of hypoglycaemia, and have outlined important competencies required of healthcare workers in both medical/diabetes and mental health settings to enhance clinical care.
Dominant components of the Thoroughbred metabolome characterised by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A metabolite atlas of common biofluids
Authors: Escalona E. E. , Leng J. , Dona A. C. , Merrifield C. A. , Holmes E. , Proudman C. J. , Swann J. R. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyMetabonomics is emerging as a powerful tool for disease screening and investigating mammalian metabolism. This study aims to create a metabolic framework by producing a preliminary reference guide for the normal equine metabolic milieu.ObjectivesTo metabolically profile plasma, urine and faecal water from healthy racehorses using high resolution 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and to provide a list of dominant metabolites present in each biofluid for the benefit of future research in this area.Study designThis study was performed using 7 Thoroughbreds in race training at a single time point. Urine and faecal samples were collected noninvasively and plasma was obtained from samples taken for routine clinical chemistry purposes.MethodsBiofluids were analysed using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Metabolite assignment was achieved via a range of one‐ and 2‐dimensional experiments.ResultsA total of 102 metabolites were assigned across the 3 biological matrices. A core metabonome of 14 metabolites was ubiquitous across all biofluids. All biological matrices provided a unique window on different aspects of systematic metabolism. Urine was the most populated metabolite matrix with 65 identified metabolites, 39 of which were unique to this biological compartment. A number of these were related to gut microbial host cometabolism. Faecal samples were the most metabolically variable between animals; acetate was responsible for the majority (28%) of this variation. Short‐chain fatty acids were the predominant features identified within this biofluid by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy.ConclusionsMetabonomics provides a platform for investigating complex and dynamic interactions between the host and its consortium of gut microbes and has the potential to uncover markers for health and disease in a variety of biofluids. Inherent variation in faecal extracts along with the relative abundance of microbial‐mammalian metabolites in urine and invasive nature of plasma sampling, infers that urine is the most appropriate biofluid for the purposes of metabonomic analysis.
Does Aerobic Exercise Mitigate the Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Arterial Stiffness?
Authors: Park Wonil , Miyachi Motohiko , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: August 2014

The largest percentage of mortality from tobacco smoking is cardiovascular‐related. It is not known whether regular participation in exercise mitigates the adverse influence of smoking on vasculature. Accordingly, the authors determined whether regular aerobic exercise is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in men who smoke cigarettes. Using a cross‐sectional study design, 78 young men were studied, including sedentary nonsmokers (n=20), sedentary smokers (n=12), physically active nonsmokers (n=21), and physically active smokers (n=25). Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). There were no group differences in height, body fat, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As expected, both physically active groups demonstrated greater maximal oxygen consumption and lower heart rate at rest than their sedentary peers. The sedentary smokers demonstrated greater baPWV than the sedentary nonsmokers (11.8±1 m/s vs 10.6±1 m/s, P=.036). baPWV values were not different between the physically active nonsmokers and the physically active smokers (10.8±1 m/s vs 10.7±1 m/s). Chronic smoking is associated with arterial stiffening in sedentary men but a significant smoking‐induced increase in arterial stiffness was not observed in physically active adults. These results are consistent with the idea that regular participation in physical activity may mitigate the adverse effects of smoking on the vasculature.
Passive Recovery of Vegetation after Herbivore Eradication on Santa Cruz Island, California
Authors: Beltran Roxanne S. , Kreidler Nissa , Van Vuren Dirk H. , Morrison Scott A. , Zavaleta Erika S. , Newton Kelly , Tershy Bernie R. , Croll Donald A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUnderstanding how insular ecosystems recover or are restructured after the eradication of an invasive species is crucial in evaluating conservation success and prioritizing island conservation efforts. Globally, herbivores have been removed from 762 islands, most with limited active restoration actions following eradication. Few studies have documented the effects of invasive herbivore removal after multiple decades of passive recovery. Here we evaluate recovery of vegetation on Santa Cruz Island, California, after the removal of feral sheep (Ovis aries) in 1984. We repeat a study conducted in 1980, and examine vegetation changes 28 years after the eradication. Before eradication, grazed areas were characterized by reduced plant cover, high exposure of bare ground, and erosion. After 28 years of passive recovery, transect data showed a 23% increase in woody overstory, whereas analysis of photographs from landscapes photographed pre‐ and post‐eradication showed a 26% increase in woody vegetation. Whole island vegetation maps similarly showed a transition from grass/bare ground (74.3% of cover) to woody plants (77.2% of cover), indicating the transition away from predominantly exotic annual grassland toward a community similar to the overstory of coastal scrubland but with an understory dominated by non‐native annual grasses. We estimate that replacement of grasses/bare ground by native woody vegetation has led to 70 and 17% increases in the stored carbon and nitrogen pools on the island, respectively. Our results demonstrate that these island ecosystems can experience significant recovery of native floral communities without intensive post‐eradication restoration, and results of recovery may take decades to be realized.
English as a ‘mother tongue’ in Singapore
Authors: TAN YING‐YING 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the role of English and what it represents to speakers of the three major ethnic groups across three different age groups in Singapore. This paper reports a study conducted on 436 Singaporeans of different age and ethnic groups, looking at their language use and perceptions of English as a marker of their identity. The Singapore government has always been cautious about according the ‘mother tongue’ status to English. The latest 2010 census however reveals that over 30 per cent of Singaporeans report English to be the primary language used in the home, an increase from about 20 per cent in 2000. What remains unclear is the extent to which English has penetrated the psyche of the everyday Singaporean. The results in this study suggest that English in Singapore has to be reconceptualized as a new mother tongue, and to do so requires a reconfiguration of what it takes for a language to be a ‘mother tongue.’ This paper will take this on by adapting Skutnabb‐Kangas and Phillipson's () and Rampton's () objections and definitions of the term, and propose a set of conditions that can be used to define the term mother tongue.
The Development of a Classification Schema for Arts‐Based Approaches to Knowledge Translation
Authors: Archibald Mandy M. , Caine Vera , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundArts‐based approaches to knowledge translation are emerging as powerful interprofessional strategies with potential to facilitate evidence uptake, communication, knowledge, attitude, and behavior change across healthcare provider and consumer groups. These strategies are in the early stages of development. To date, no classification system for arts‐based knowledge translation exists, which limits development and understandings of effectiveness in evidence syntheses.PurposeWe developed a classification schema of arts‐based knowledge translation strategies based on two mechanisms by which these approaches function: (a) the degree of precision in key message delivery, and (b) the degree of end‐user participation. We demonstrate how this classification is necessary to explore how context, time, and location shape arts‐based knowledge translation strategies.DiscussionClassifying arts‐based knowledge translation strategies according to their core attributes extends understandings of the appropriateness of these approaches for various healthcare settings and provider groups. The classification schema developed may enhance understanding of how, where, and for whom arts‐based knowledge translation approaches are effective, and enable theorizing of essential knowledge translation constructs, such as the influence of context, time, and location on utilization strategies.Linking Evidence to ActionThe classification schema developed may encourage systematic inquiry into the effectiveness of these approaches in diverse interprofessional contexts.
Moderating Effects of Nurses’ Organizational Justice Between Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Chang Ching‐Sheng 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundLack of existing literature on the correlation among organizational justice, organizational support, and organizational citizenship behaviors has created a research gap in previous evidence‐based practice (EBP) studies on nursing personnel.AimsTo investigate whether organizational justice among nurses has a moderating effect between their organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviors in order to bridge such a gap of existing literature with the EBP study on nursing personnel.MethodsNursing staff of one large and influential hospital in Taiwan was surveyed. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed, and 386 were collected with a valid response rate of 96.50%. SPSS 17.0 and Amos 17.0 statistical software packages were used for data analysis.ResultsNurses’ organizational support positively influences their organizational citizenship behaviors, and their organizational justice perception has a positive moderating effect between organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviors.Linking Evidence to ActionResults call hospitals’ attention to the type of individual behaviors that may improve organizational performance. When nursing staff perceive fair and impartial treatment by the organization and supportive emotional attachment, behaviors beneficial for the organization are expressed in return. Subjective perceptions of nursing staff play an important role in organizational exchange relationship; the higher the degree of nursing staff's perceived organizational justice, the higher the degree of their organizational support, perception, and exhibition of organizational citizenship behaviors such as altruistic behavior and dedication to the work.
Uncertainty in Contaminant Concentration Fields Resulting from Atmospheric Boundary Layer Depth Uncertainty
Authors: Reen Brian P. , Schmehl Kerrie J. , Young George S. , Lee Jared A. , Haupt Sue Ellen , Stauffer David R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe relationship between atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) depth uncertainty and uncertainty in atmospheric transport and dispersion (ATD) simulations is investigated by examining profiles of predicted concentrations of a contaminant. Because ensembles are an important method for quantifying uncertainty in ATD simulations, this work focuses on the utilization and analysis of ensemble members’ ABL structures for ATD simulations. A 12-member physics ensemble of meteorological model simulations drives a 12-member explicit ensemble of ATD simulations. The relationship between ABL depth and plume depth is investigated using ensemble members, which vary both the relevant model physics and the numerical methods used to diagnose ABL depth. New analysis methods are used to analyze ensemble output within an ABL-depth relative framework. Uncertainty due to ABL depth calculation methodology is investigated via a four-member mini-ensemble. When subjected to a continuous tracer release, concentration variability among the ensemble members is largest near the ABL top during the daytime, apparently because of uncertainty in ABL depth. This persists to the second day of the simulation for the 4-member diagnosis mini-ensemble, which varies only the ABL depth, but for the 12-member physics ensemble the concentration variability is large throughout the daytime ABL. This suggests that the increased within-ABL concentration variability on the second day is due to larger differences among the ensemble members’ predicted meteorological conditions rather than being solely due to differences in the ABL depth diagnosis methods. This work demonstrates new analysis methods for the relationship between ABL depth and plume depth within an ensemble framework and provides motivation for directly including ABL depth uncertainty from a meteorological model into an ATD model.
Observed Relationship of Boreal Winter South Pacific Tripole SSTA with Eastern China Rainfall during the Following Boreal Spring
Authors: Li Gang , Li Chongyin , Tan Yanke , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present study investigates the relationships between the December–February (DJF) South Pacific tripole (SPT) sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern and the following March–May (MAM) rainfall over eastern China based on multiple datasets. It is found that the relationships between the DJF SPT and the following MAM rainfall over eastern China are modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). When the ENSO signal is removed, the positive DJF SPT is significantly associated with more rainfall over eastern China during the following boreal spring. However, such significant relationships disappear if ENSO is considered. After removing ENSO impacts, the possible mechanisms through which the DJF SPT impacts the following MAM rainfall over eastern China are investigated. The positive DJF SPT is associated with the significantly positive SSTA in the tropical western Pacific, which can persist to the following MAM. In response to the positive SSTA in the tropical western Pacific, a wave-like train in the low-level troposphere extends from the tropical western Pacific (an anomalous cyclone) to the western North Pacific (an anomalous anticyclone) during the following MAM. The anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific enhances the anomalous southwesterly over eastern China, which can bring more moisture and favor anomalous increased rainfall. It should be pointed out that La Niña (El Niño) could induce an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over the western North Pacific, which offsets the MAM anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) caused by the positive (negative) SPT in the preceding DJF and thus weakens the relationship between the SPT and the rainfall over eastern China.