bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Temperature Thresholds Associated with Fish Community Changes in British Columbia, Canada, to Support Identification of Temperature Sensitive Streams
Authors: Parkinson E. A. , Lea E. V. , Nelitz M. A. , Knudson J. M. , Moore R. D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe collected fish samples and measured physical habitat characteristics, including summer stream temperatures, at 156 sites in 50 tributary streams in two sampling areas (Upper Fraser and Thompson Rivers) in British Columbia, Canada. Additional watershed characteristics were derived from GIS coverages of watershed, hydrological and climatic variables. Maximum weekly average temperature (MWAT), computed as an index of summer thermal regime, ranged from 10 to 23 °C. High values of MWAT were associated with large, warm, low relief watersheds with a high lake influence. Measures of community similarity suggested that the fish community changed most rapidly through a lower transition zone at an MWAT of about 12 °C and an upper transition zone at an MWAT of about 19 °C. These results were confirmed using existing fisheries inventory data combined with predictions of MWAT from a landscape‐scale regression model for the Thompson River watershed. For headwater sites in the Chilcotin River watershed (which drains into the middle Fraser River), the relative dominance of bull trout versus rainbow trout (based on inventory data) decreased with increasing predicted MWAT although the distinction was not as clear as for the Thompson River sites. The fish communities in these watersheds can be characterized in terms of very cold water (bull trout and some cold water species), cold water (salmonids and sculpins) and cool water (minnows and some cold water salmonids). The two transition zones (ca 12 and 19 °C) can be used to identify thresholds where small changes in stream temperature can be expected to lead to large changes in fish communities. Such clear, quantifiable thresholds are critical components of a management strategy designed to identify and protect vulnerable fish communities in streams where poor land use practices, alone or in combination with climatic change, can lead to changes in stream temperatures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting a software engineering tool: lessons learnt from mutation analysis
Authors: Delahaye Mickaël , du Bousquet Lydie 
Published: January 2015

SummarySoftware developers employ many tools in every step of the development. As automation progresses, tools take a more and more important place. A common and difficult problem is choosing a tool among every tool for a given task.As a particular instance of this problem, this paper considers mutation analysis tools. Mutation analysis is a way to evaluate the quality of a test suite. The quality is measured as the ability of the test suite to detect faults injected into the program under tests. A fault is detected if at least one test case gives different results on the original program and the fault‐injected one. Mutation tools aim at automating and speeding both the generation of fault‐injected variants, called mutants, and the execution of the test suite on those mutants.This paper proposes a methodology to compare tools and applies it for comparing mutation tools. This methodology proposes to dress a list of comparison criteria as well as a list of usage profiles. Mutation tools for Java are compared on paper and by experiments. The work is then extended to other languages to assert the pertinence of the comparison criteria and the usage profiles. Finally, lessons are drawn from our selection process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Induced Pluripotency by Defined Factors: Prey of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Qi Suxia , Fang Zhi , Wang Danli , Menendez Pablo , Yao Ke , Ji Junfeng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs) via forced expression of defined factors has become one of the most fascinating areas in biomedical research because it holds a tremendous application potential for cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening applications. However, cellular reprogramming is a very inefficient and metabolically demanding process commonly associated with genomic instability of the resulting iPSCs. Low reprogramming efficiency and presence of de novo genomic aberrations in iPSCs may hamper their downstream applications. Here, we review mounting studies that have tackled reprogramming efficiency and genome stability of iPSCs. In particular, we focus on the effect of oxidative stress on cellular reprogramming. We will discuss how oxidative stress influences cellular reprogramming and the mechanisms by which antioxidants promote reprogramming efficiency and preserve genome integrity of iPSCs. A reduction of oxidative stress is expected to augment reprogramming efficiency and concomitantly promote the genomic integrity of the resulting iPSCs, eventually facilitating the implementation of cellular reprogramming for downstream applications. Stem Cells 2015;33:1371–1376
miR-223 Regulates Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through a C/EBPs/miR-223/FGFR2 Regulatory Feedback Loop
Authors: Guan Xiaohui , Gao Yifei , Zhou Jie , Wang Jun , Zheng Fang , Guo Fei , Chang Ailing , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Baoli 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Several miRNAs have recently been identified to regulate adipocyte or osteoblast differentiation or both. In this study, miR-223 was found to be involved in the reciprocal regulation of adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. miR-223 was induced in primary cultured mouse marrow stromal cell, mesenchymal line C3H10T1/2 and stromal line ST2 after adipogenic treatment. Conversely, it was reduced in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 after osteogenic treatment. Supplementing miR-223 levels using synthetic miR-223 mimics significantly suppressed the growth of the C3H10T1/2 and ST2 cells and induced the progenitor cells to fully differentiate into adipocytes, along with induction of adipocyte-specific transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), and marker genes aP2 and adipsin. By contrast, depletion of the endogenous miR-223 using synthetic miR-223 inhibitor repressed the progenitor cells to differentiate. The effects of miR-223 on adipocyte formation from ST2 cells were also demonstrated by using lentivirus that overexpresses miR-223. Conversely, supplementing miR-223 blocked ST2 to differentiate into osteoblasts. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2), a critical regulator of osteoblast, was shown to be a direct target of miR-223 by using dual luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of Fgfr2 in C3H10T1/2 downregulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and upregulated expression of C/EBPα and dramatically enhanced the differentiation of the cells into adipocytes. Further investigation of mechanisms that control miR-223 expression demonstrated that C/EBPs induced miR-223 expression through binding to the promoter regions of the miR-223. Taken together, our study provides evidences that miR-223 regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation through a novel C/EBPs/miR-223/FGFR2 regulatory feedback loop. Stem Cells 2015;33:1589–1600
Concise Review: Bullseye: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells to Improve the Treatment of Gliomas by Repurposing Disulfiram
Authors: Triscott Joanna , Rose Pambid Mary , Dunn Sandra E. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be at the root of cancer recurrence because they resist conventional therapies and subsequently reinitiate tumor cell growth. Thus, targeting CSCs could be the bullseye to successful cancer therapeutics in the future. Brain tumors are some of the most challenging types of cancer to treat and the median survival following the initial diagnosis is 12–18 months. Among the different types of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most aggressive and remains extremely difficult to treat. Despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, most patients develop refractory disease. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapy used to treat GBM however resistance develops in most patients. The underlying mechanisms for TMZ resistance (TMZ-resistant) involve the expression of DNA repair gene O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. CSC genes such as Sox-2, BMI-1, and more recently Y-box binding protein-1 also play a role in resistance. In order to develop novel therapies for GBM, libraries of small interfering RNAs and off-patent drugs have been screened. Over the past few years, several independent laboratories identified disulfiram (DSF) as an off-patent drug that kills GBM CSCs. Reportedly DSF has several modes of action including its ability to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenases, E3 ligase, polo-like kinase 1, and NFkB. Due to the fact that GBM is a disease of heterogeneity, chemotherapy with multitargeting properties may be the way of the future. In broader terms, DSF kills CSCs from a range of different cancer types further supporting the idea of repurposing it for “target practice.” Stem Cells 2015;33:1042–1046
A conceptual model of software testing
Authors: Marshall A. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs code is executed correctly under test, confidence in the correctness of the code increases. In this context, an intuitive conceptual model of the process of software testing which draws upon experience gained with mutation analysis is presented. The model is used to explain how the testing of one path can influence confidence in other (possibly unexecuted) paths. It is also discussed in relation to software reliability and systematic structural testing, and is shown to be consistent with observations made during these forms of testing.
“Both Sides of the Wheelchair”: The Views of Individuals with, and Parents of Individuals with Friedreich Ataxia Regarding Pre‐symptomatic Testing of Minors
Authors: Lowe Georgia C. , Corben Louise A. , Duncan Rony E. , Yoon Grace , Delatycki Martin B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by variable age of onset, with no treatment proven to alter its natural history. Siblings of individuals with FRDA have a 25 % risk of developing the condition, raising issues around genetic testing of asymptomatic minors. There is a lack of professional consensus and limited empirical evidence to support provision or refusal of testing. This study aimed to ascertain the opinions of individuals with and parents of individuals with FRDA regarding pre‐symptomatic testing of minors. A qualitative research approach using semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis was employed. Interviews with ten individuals with FRDA, and ten parents of individuals with FRDA were conducted, recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Four findings emerged. First, a number of arguments for and against testing minors were identified. Second, strong support existed from parents about the parental right to test their at‐risk immature children, but individuals with FRDA were of mixed opinions. Third, participants felt it was not the clinician's role to make a final decision about whether testing occurs. Finally, a specific issue of concern regarding testing was what and when to tell at‐risk children about the test result. The findings highlight a dilemma of how to manage the desires of some individuals and families affected by FRDA to access testing, when there is a lack of professional consensus due to differing opinions regarding autonomy, confidentiality and risk of harm. Research regarding the impact of testing and the views of at‐risk individuals and clinicians is required so an appropriate framework for dealing with this contentious issue is developed.
Thermodynamic Parameters and their Dependence on Temperature in the Range 298–353 K for Ethoxylated Sorbitan Ester Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 Surfactants
Authors: Sannaningannavar Fakkeerappa M. , Patil Shivaram N. , Melavanki Raveendra M. , Navati Basalingappa S. , Ayachit Narasimha H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThermodynamic parameters of liquid ethoxylated sorbitan ester (Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80) surfactants have been evaluated. For the estimation of these parameters, molar volumes (V) and volume expansion coefficients (α) at different temperatures are employed. These dilatometric studies are predominantly directed towards the establishment of the invariant nature of Sharma's parameter (S0). The S0 and all other parameters values are used to discuss and throw light on the internal structure, molecular order, molecular packing, molecular movement and intermolecular interactions.
Enhancement of Styrene Adsolubilization and Solubilization by Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant‐Linker Mixtures onto an Aluminum Oxide Surface
Authors: Asnachinda Emma , Khampaeng Chuthanan , Sutthinon Pinpinat , Khaodhiar Sutha 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe polarity of rhamnolipid, a relatively hydrophilic biosurfactant, can be enhanced by the addition of linker molecules. In this work, rhamnolipid biosurfactant‐modified surfaces were prepared with and without a combination of linkers (1‐butanol, 1‐octanol, and 1‐dodecanol) to investigate effects of linker molecules on styrene adsolubilization and solubilization. Results showed that styrene adsolubilization increased with increasing carbon chain lengths of the linker molecules whereas the solubilization of styrene exhibited the opposite effect. Decreasing the carbon atoms in the linker molecules resulted in higher styrene solubilization capacity because of the change in polarity of the three‐dimensional surfactant aggregates. The higher adsolubilization capacity indicated the enlargement of surfactant tails that was created a larger adsolubilization region in the admicelle while the lesser solubilization of styrene indicated the decreasing of affective area per molecule of the surfactant‐linker system (butanol > octanol > dodecanol).
The role of romantic attachment security and dating identity exploration in understanding adolescents' sexual attitudes and cumulative sexual risk‐taking
Authors: McElwain Alyssa D. , Kerpelman Jennifer L. , Pittman Joe F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis study addressed how two normative developmental factors, attachment and identity, are associated with adolescents' sexual attitudes and sexual risk‐taking behavior. The sample consisted of 2029 adolescents (mean age = 16.2 years) living in the Southeast United States. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Higher levels of attachment anxiety predicted more dating identity exploration and less healthy sexual attitudes. Higher levels of attachment avoidance predicted less dating identity exploration and indirectly predicted less healthy sexual attitudes through dating identity exploration. Females with dating or sexual experience showed the weakest associations between the attachment dimensions and dating identity exploration. More dating identity exploration predicted healthier sexual attitudes; this association was strongest for non‐virgins. Finally, higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with higher cumulative sexual risk scores, but only among non‐virgin males. Results are interpreted in light of theory and research on attachment, identity exploration, and adolescent sexual relationships.
International note: Exploring differences in native and immigrant adolescents' mathematics achievement and dispositions towards mathematics in Qatar
Authors: Areepattamannil Shaljan , Melkonian Michael , Khine Myint Swe 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe burgeoning immigrant population in major immigrant‐receiving countries in North America and Europe has necessitated researchers and policymakers in these countries to examine the academic success of children of immigration and the factors contributing to their academic success. However, there is sparse research on the academic trajectories of children of immigration in other continents, such as Asia. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to examine first‐ and second‐generation immigrant adolescents' mathematics achievement and dispositions towards mathematics in comparison to their native peers in one of the Middle Eastern countries in Asia, Qatar. The results of the study indicated that both first‐ and second‐generation immigrant adolescents tended to have higher mathematics achievement, intrinsic motivation to learn mathematics, instrumental motivation to learn mathematics, mathematics self‐efficacy, and mathematics self‐concept than did their native counterparts. Moreover, immigrant adolescents tended to have lower mathematics anxiety than did their native peers. The study also revealed significant differences between first‐ and second‐generation immigrant adolescents with respect to their mathematics achievement and dispositions towards mathematics.
Chronology of the Radiographic Appearances of the Calcium Sulfate-Calcium Phosphate Synthetic Bone Graft Composite following Resection of Bone Tumors: A Follow-up Study of Postoperative Appearances
Authors: Tan Victoria , Evaniew Nathan , Finlay Karen , Jurriaans Erik , Ghert Michelle , Deheshi Benjamin , Parasu Naveen 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The objective of the study was to characterize the radiographic appearance of graft resorption and new bone incorporation into a postresection defect of the calcium-sulfate calcium-phosphate synthetic bone graft composite following resection of benign bone tumours. Methods Twenty-five patients who underwent treatment with the CaSO4/CaPO4 synthetic graft following bone tumour resection were retrospectively identified from our oncology database. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for: 1) combined partial graft resorption and ingrowth at the graft site; 2) complete graft resorption with complete incorporation of new bone into the defect. After chronologically grouping radiographs, the volume of graft material used to fill bony defects, radiographic evidence of complications, and patterns of resorption were recorded. Results Partial resorption of graft material/partial ingrowth of new bone was seen in 21 patients at 2.5 months postoperatively. Complete resorption of graft with complete new bone incorporation at the graft site was seen in 94% of cases (15 of 16) by 10 months after surgery. Mean time to complete incorporation of new bone was 6.7 months. Time to resorption of the graft with new bone ingrowth was found to be related to the volume of graft used with smaller volumes showing earlier resorption. For all cases demonstrating resorption (21 of 21), the pattern observed was peripheral to central. Five patients developed complications, including tumour recurrence, cyst formation, and graft site infection. Conclusion Our study suggests a characteristic time and volume related radiographic pattern of resorption and new bone ingrowth with the CaSO4/CaPO4 synthetic graft. Findings that deviate from this pattern may represent complication and warrant additional follow-up.
Stylistic properties and regulatory fit: Examining the role of self‐regulatory focus in the effectiveness of an actor's vs. observer's visual perspective
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBuilding on regulatory focus research, we investigate how certain visual elements of an advertising message, such as stylistic properties, contribute to regulatory fit and persuasion. Across three experiments, we examine how the visual perspective (actor's vs. observer's) through which a product is depicted in an ad affects product evaluations among participants with different regulatory foci (promotion‐ vs. prevention‐focused). Specifically, we find that when an actor's perspective is used in an ad to portray a product, regulatory fit occurs among promotion‐focused (vs. prevention‐focused) participants and they report more favorable product evaluations; conversely, when an observer's perspective is used, regulatory fit occurs among prevention‐focused (vs. promotion‐focused) participants and they evaluate the product more favorably. An analysis of internal vs. external evaluation thoughts helps explain the persuasion effects.
Decoding the opening process
Authors: Sun Yixia , Hou Yuansi , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFive experiments confirmed the hypothesis that observing a box being opened is intrinsically rewarding and that the positive feelings it elicits can increase evaluations of its contents independently of the nature of these contents. Even though a product is already familiar, seeing it in a box being opened can elicit enjoyment and increase evaluations of it. This is true even when the cover of the box is transparent (and so its contents can be easily seen when the box is closed). Moreover, seeing a box being opened increases evaluations of the box even when the box is empty. When the contents of a box are unknown, opening the box can elicit surprise, polarizing evaluations of the product contained in it. When the product is already familiar, however, the opening process influences product evaluations through its impact on enjoyment.
Ulnar Neuropathy Among Active Workers Based Upon Hand Diagram Ratings
Authors: Werner Robert A. , Franzblau Alfred , Evanoff Bradley , Ulin Sheryl 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have estimated the prevalence of ulnar neuropathy (UN) in the workplace. Hand diagrams have been demonstrated to have a good sensitivity and specificity when attempting to identify patients with UN.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for UN among active workers based on results of a hand diagram, and to determine the reliability of hand diagram scoring.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSeven different industrial and clerical work sites.MethodsA total of 501 active workers were screened. Subjects completed a hand diagram and the Job Content Questionnaire, and had ergonomic assessment of their job. Each hand diagram was scored independently by 2 raters.Main Outcome MeasuresRating of the hand diagram for UN.ResultsInterrater reliability of scoring the hand diagram for UN was very high. The estimated prevalence of UN was 3.6%. Suspected UN was associated with positioning of the elbow but not by contact stress at the elbow or force at the hand. Smokers had a lower prevalence, but smokers with suspected UN had higher‐pack year histories. Workers with suspected UN had a greater sense of job insecurity and lower job satisfaction rating.ConclusionsHand diagram rating has a high interrater reliability. Suspected UN has a relatively high prevalence among active workers in comparison to prior estimates of the prevalence of UN among the general population and is not strongly associated with ergonomic factors.