bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Shear Adhesion by Mechanical Interlocking of Dual‐Scaled Elastomeric Micropillars With Embedded Silica Particles
Authors: Rahmawan Yudi , Kang Seong Min , Lee Su Yeon , Suh Kahp‐Yang , Yang Shu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEnhanced shear adhesion of mechanically interlocked dual‐scaled micropillars embedded with silica particles is demonstrated. Arrays of elastomeric polyurethane acrylate micropillars with variable pillar diameter, height, aspect ratio (AR = diameter/height), and spacing ratio (SR = pillar‐to‐pillar distance/diameter) are decorated with silica particles of 100 nm to 1 μm on the pillar heads. The high‐density protrusions provided by a silica particle assembly (1 μm diameter) on the micropillar heads (5 μm diameter, AR = 8, SR = 2) increase the shear adhesion strength by an order of magnitude from 4.1 (between pristine micropillars) to 48.5 N cm−2. The adhesion strength is proportional to the particle size and the AR of micropillars, and inversely proportional to the SR. A simple mathematical model is derived by incorporating the interdigitation state of interlocking adhesion forces generated by the contacts between pillars and particle protrusions. Our model and SEM images also suggest that only ≈20% of micropillars participate in the actual contact.
Anisotropic porothermoelastic solution and hydro‐thermal effects on fracture width in hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Abousleiman Younane N. , Hoang Son K. , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn this study, the effects of the temperature difference between hydraulic fracturing fluid and rock formation on the time‐dependent evolution of fracture width were investigated using a newly derived one‐dimensional anisotropic porothermoelastic analytical solution. The solution is shown to correctly reproduce existing solutions for special cases and corrections for an earlier publication are provided. An analysis of time‐dependent fracture width evolution using Woodford Shale data was also presented. It was found that when the fracturing fluid has the same temperature as the shale formation, the fracture gradually closes back after the initial opening due to the invasion of the fracturing fluid. Practically, in this scenario, proppants should be pumped into the fracture as soon as possible to obtain maximum fracture conductivity. On the other hand, with a fracturing fluid 60 °C colder than the formation, the thermal contraction of the rock dominates the fracture aperture evolution, resulting in a fracture aperture approximately 70% larger than that produced by the hotter fracturing fluid. Consequently, in this case, it is beneficial to delay proppant placement to take advantage of the widening fractures. Finally, it was found that the fracture aperture is directly controlled by the spacing of natural fractures. Therefore, the presence of natural fractures in the shale formation and their spacing influence not only the type of hydraulic fractures created but also what kind and size of proppants should be used to keep them open. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for long‐term failure of the retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape procedure
Authors: Svenningsen Rune , Staff Anne C. , Schiøtz Hjalmar A. , Western Kari , Sandvik Leiv , Kulseng‐Hanssen Sigurd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate potential risk factors for long‐term (10‐year) subjective and objective failure of the retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape procedure (TVT).MethodsSecondary risk analysis was performed using data from a recently published multi‐center study that were merged with additional preoperative and operative data individually stored in the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry (NFIR). Subjective data from 483 women and objective data from 327 women were obtained 10 years after retropubic TVT surgery. A validated questionnaire was used for subjective outcome data and a stress test for objective outcome data. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using preoperative and operative variables extracted from the NFIR. The outcomes were 10‐year subjective failure defined as women stating not cured, and objective failure was defined as ≥1 g urinary leakage during stress testing.ResultsAge ≥56 years at the time of TVT surgery was associated with both long‐term subjective failure (adjusted OR: 2.15, CI: 1.40–3.30) and long‐term objective failure (adjusted OR: 2.81, CI: 1.30–6.09). Mixed incontinence was associated with subjective, but not objective failure if the urgency incontinence component was severe (adjusted OR: 2.33, CI: 1.27–4.28). Surgical complications occurring at or immediately following surgery were associated with both outcomes in the univariate analyses, but were only an independent risk factor for subjective failure in the multivariate analysis (adjusted OR: 3.02, CI: 1.53–5.95).ConclusionsAge ≥56 years, a severe preoperative urgency incontinence component and surgical complications seem to represent independent risk factors for long‐term (10‐year) failure. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1140–1146, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of protein disorder region predictions in CASP10
Authors: Monastyrskyy Bohdan , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Moult John , Tramontano Anna , Fidelis Krzysztof 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe article presents the assessment of disorder region predictions submitted to CASP10. The evaluation is based on the three measures tested in previous CASPs: (i) balanced accuracy, (ii) the Matthews correlation coefficient for the binary predictions, and (iii) the area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of predictions using probability annotation. We also performed new analyses such as comparison of the submitted predictions with those obtained with a Naïve disorder prediction method and with predictions from the disorder prediction databases D2P2 and MobiDB. On average, the methods participating in CASP10 demonstrated slightly better performance than those in CASP9. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):127–137. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SOX: Short distance neutrino Oscillations with BoreXino
Authors: Bellini G. , Bick D. , Bonfini G. , Bravo D. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Cavalcante P. , Chavarria A. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , Derbin A. , Etenko A. , Fernandes G. , Fomenko K. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Göger-Neff M. , Goretti A. , Hagner C. , Hungerford E. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Kobychev V. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Krasnicky D. , Kryn D. , Laubenstein M. , Link J. M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi F. , Lombardi P. , Ludhova L. , Lukyanchenko G. , Machulin I. , Manecki S. , Maneschg W. , Meroni E. , Meyer M. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Mosteiro P. , Muratova V. , Oberauer L. , Obolensky M. , Ortica F. , Otis K. , Pallavicini M. , Pantic E. , Papp L. , Perasso S. , Pocar A. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Re A. , Romani A. , Rossi N. , Saldanha R. , Salvo C. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Simgen H. , Skorokhvatov M. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Sukhotin S. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Unzhakov E. , Vogelaar R. B. , Wang H. , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zaimidoroga O. , Zavatarelli S. , Zuzel G. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The very low radioactive background of the Borexino detector, its large size, and the well proved capability to detect both low energy electron neutrinos and antineutrinos make an ideal case for the study of short distance neutrino oscillations with artificial sources at Gran Sasso.
This paper describes the possible layouts of 51Cr (ν

e
) and 144Ce-144Pr
$$ \left( {{{\overline{\nu}}_e}} \right) $$
source experiments in Borexino and shows the expected sensitivity to eV mass sterile neutrinos for three possible different phases of the experiment. Expected results on neutrino magnetic moment, electroweak mixing angle, and couplings to axial and vector currents are shown too.
EPA and DHA Levels in Whole Blood Decrease More Rapidly when Stored at −20 °C as Compared with Room Temperature, 4 and −75 °C
Authors: Metherel A. H. , Aristizabal Henao J. J. , Stark K. D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHigh‐throughput n‐3 fatty acid profiling is enabled by collection techniques such as venous whole blood and fingertip prick (FTP) sampling, but the resulting increased sample numbers increases storage demand. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in erythrocytes are susceptible to oxidation, but this tendency is poorly characterized in venous and FTP whole blood. Presently, whole blood samples with low and high n‐3 content collected with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were stored on chromatography paper with and without BHT pre‐treatment for up to 180 days at different temperatures (room, 4, −20, −75 °C). Whole blood prepared with heparin and BHT and stored in cryovials was also examined. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) is relatively stable when stored at −75 °C under various conditions but rapidly decreases in whole blood when stored at −20 °C. At −20 °C, BHT + heparin prepared whole blood can prevent decreases in cryovials up to 180 days but BHT only slows the decreases on chromatography paper. Surprisingly, whole blood stored at 4 °C and room temperature was less susceptible to decreases in EPA + DHA as compared with −20 °C storage. Assessments of n‐3 blood biomarkers indicate the % n‐3 HUFA in total HUFA was more stable as compared with the sum of the relative % of EPA + DHA. In conclusion, FTP and venous whole blood for fatty acid analysis should be stored at −75 °C whenever possible. In the absence of −75 °C storage conditions, BHT should be added and 4 °C or room temperature appear to be better alternatives to −20 °C.
Hospizarbeit und Ehrenamt
Authors: Weihrauch Birgit 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Es waren Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die sich vor über 30 Jahren aufmachten, um etwas zu verändern im Umgang mit schwerstkranken und sterbenden Menschen, die das Sterben wieder in das Leben zurückholten und ein Sterben in Würde ermöglichen wollten. Seither hat es einen dynamischen Ausbau der hospizlichen und palliativen Versorgungsstrukturen und der dazu notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen gegeben. Das bürgerschaftliche und ehrenamtliche Engagement hat hierzu entscheidend beigetragen und ist auch weiterhin wesentliches Element der Hospiz- und Palliativarbeit.
A Systematic Review to Assess Comparative Effectiveness Studies in Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and to Estimate Reimbursement Amounts
Authors: Bresnahan Brian W. , Rundell Sean D. , Dagadakis Marissa C. , Sullivan Sean D. , Jarvik Jeffrey G. , Nguyen Hiep , Friedly Janna L. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo systematically appraise published comparative effectiveness evidence (clinical and economic) of epidural steroid injections (ESI) for lumbar spinal stenosis and to estimate Medicare reimbursement amounts for ESI procedures.TypeSystematic review.Literature SurveyPubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched through August 2012 for key words that pertain to low back pain, spinal stenosis or sciatica, and epidural steroid injection. We used institutional and Medicare reimbursement amounts for our cost estimation. Articles published in English that assessed ESIs for adults with lumbar spinal stenosis versus a comparison intervention were included. Our search identified 146 unique articles, and 138 were excluded due to noncomparative study design, not having a study population with lumbar spinal stenosis, not having an appropriate outcome, or not being in English. We fully summarized 6 randomized controlled trials and 2 large observational studies.MethodologyRandomized controlled trial articles were reviewed, and the study population, sample size, treatment groups, ESI dosage, ESI approaches, concomitant interventions, outcomes, and follow‐up time were reported. Descriptive resource use estimates for ESIs were calculated with use of data from our institution during 2010 and Medicare‐based reimbursement amounts.SynthesisESIs or anesthetic injections alone resulted in better short‐term improvement in walking distance compared with control injections. However, there were no longer‐term differences. No differences between ESIs versus anesthetic in self‐reported improvement in pain were reported. Transforaminal approaches had better improvement in pain scores (≤4 months) compared with interlaminar injections. Two observational studies indicated increased rates of lumbar ESI in Medicare beneficiaries. Our sample included 279 patients who received at least 1 ESI during 2010, with an estimated mean total outpatient reimbursement for one ESI procedure “event” to be $637, based on 2010 Medicare reimbursement amounts ($505 technical and $132 professional payments).ConclusionThis systematic review of ESI for treating lumbar spinal stenosis found a limited amount of data that suggest that ESI is effective in some patients for improving select short‐term outcomes, but results differed depending on study design, outcome measures used, and comparison groups evaluated. Overall, there are relatively few comparative clinical or economic studies for ESI procedures for lumbar spinal stenosis in adults, which indicated a need for additional evidence.
Effects of mean shear on the local turbulent entrainment process
Authors: Wolf Marc , Holzner M. , Lüthi B. , Krug D. , Kinzelbach W. , Tsinober A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report on effects of mean shear on the turbulent entrainment process, focusing in particular on their relation to small-scale processes in the proximity of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV) measurements of an axisymmetric jet are compared to data from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a zero-mean-shear (ZMS) flow. First, conditional statistics relative to the interface position are investigated in a pseudo-Eulerian view (i.e. in a fixed frame relative to the interface position) and in a Lagrangian view. We find that in a pseudo-Eulerian frame of reference, both vorticity fluctuations and mean shear contribute to the vorticity jump at the boundary between irrotational and turbulent regions. In contrast, the Lagrangian evolution of enstrophy along trajectories crossing the entrainment interface is almost exclusively dominated by vorticity fluctuations, at least during the first Kolmogorov time scales after passing the interface. A mapping between distance to the instantaneous interface versus conditional time along the trajectory shows that entraining particles remain initially close to the TNTI and therefore attain lower average enstrophy values. The ratio between the rate of change of enstrophy in the two frames of references defines the local entrainment velocity ${v}_{n} = - (\mathrm{D} {\omega }^{2} / \mathrm{D} t)/ (\partial {\omega }^{2} / \partial {\hat {x} }_{n} )$, where ${\omega }^{2} $ is enstrophy and ${\hat {x} }_{n} $ is the coordinate normal to the TNTI. The quantity ${v}_{n} $ is decomposed into mean and fluctuating components and it is found that mean shear enhances the local entrainment velocity via inviscid and viscous effects. Further, the analysis substantiates that for all investigated flow configurations the local entrainment velocity depends considerably on the geometrical shape of the interface. Depending on the surface shape, different small-scale mechanisms are dominant for the local entrainment process, i.e. viscous effects for convex shapes and vortex stretching for concave shapes, looking from the turbulent region towards the convoluted boundary. Moreover, turbulent fluctuations display a stronger dependence on the shape of the interface than mean shear effects.
Modelling the suppression of viscous fingering in elastic-walled Hele-Shaw cells
Authors: Pihler-Puzović Draga , Périllat Raphaël , Russell Matthew , Juel Anne , Heil Matthias 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent experiments by Pihler-Puzovic et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, article 074502) have shown that the onset of viscous fingering in circular Hele-Shaw cells in which an air bubble displaces a viscous fluid is delayed considerably when the top boundary of the cell is replaced by an elastic membrane. Non-axisymmetric instabilities are only observed at much larger flow rates, and the large-amplitude fingers that develop are fundamentally different from the highly branched fingers in rigid-walled cells. We explain the mechanism for the suppression of the instability using a combination of linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations, based on a theoretical model that couples a depth-averaged lubrication equation for the fluid flow to the Föppl–von Kármán equations, which describe the deformation of the elastic membrane. We show that fluid–structure interaction affects the instability primarily via two changes to the axisymmetric base flow: the axisymmetric inflation of the membrane prior to the onset of any instabilities slows down the expansion of the air bubble and forces the air–liquid interface to propagate into a converging fluid-filled gap. Both of these changes reduce the destabilizing viscous effects that drive the fingering instability in a rigid-walled cell. In contrast, capillary effects only play a very minor role in the suppression of the instability.
Clinical challenges in the assessment and management of suicidal behaviour in patients with bordeline personality disorder
Authors: Mehlum Lars 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSelf-injurious and suicidal behaviours are highly prevalent in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the risk of completed suicide is high. Borderline patients often present with heterogeneous clinical pictures and widespread comor-bidity complicating clinical assessments and management. This calls for increased efforts in systematic evaluation and monitoring of self-harming and suicidal behaviours; these behaviours should be addressed actively as high priority treatment targets. Early drop-out is common for BPD patients in treatment but is possible to counteract by fostering a strong therapeutic relationship through adopting a realistic, but consistent and supportive approach carefully avoiding reinforcement of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal crises should primarily be managed in an outpatient setting giving priority to keeping the patient safe adopting a safety plan procedure, while helping the patient as quickly as possible to return emotionally to a more acceptable level of arousal and mental functioning. Pharmacological treatments should primarily be used for management of comorbid conditions, but may possibly also be helpful when used to reduce specific symptoms such as anger, hostility and impulsivity. There is currently a range of different integrated short-term and long-term psychological treatments in different stages of development and some of them have been shown to be efficacious in reducing suicidal behaviours; notably dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization-based therapy.Declaration of Interest: None.
Providing health information for culturally and linguistically diverse women: priorities and preferences of new migrants and refugees
Authors: Lee Susan K. , Sulaiman‐Hill Cheryl M. R. , Thompson Sandra C. 
Published: August 2013

Issues addressedPreferences for topics and means of access to health information among newly arrived, culturally and linguistically diverse women in Perth, Western Australia, were explored.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was adopted. Qualitative material obtained from focus groups and interviews with 22 service providers and 26 migrant women was used to develop a questionnaire, which was then administered to 268 newly arrived migrant and refugee women from 50 countries. Participants' information and support priorities were ascertained from a ranking exercise conducted in a non‐threatening context. Responses of migrant and refugee women were compared quantitatively.ResultsWomen's top priorities for information and support included employment advice, as well as information regarding mental health issues, women's health, exercise and nutrition, family violence and alcohol and other drug issues. Their preferred methods for receiving information were interactive talks or presentations, with written material support. Audiovisual and Web‐based material were also considered useful. There were differences between refugee women's and other migrants' preferences for means of receiving information and topics of most concern.DiscussionThe use of a non‐threatening ranking process encouraged women to prioritise sensitive topics, such as family violence, and revealed a need for such topics to be incorporated within general health information presentations. Internet‐based technologies are becoming increasingly important methods for disseminating information to migrant women.So what?Differences between migrant and refugee women's priority health issues and their preferred methods for receiving information highlight the desirability of tailoring information to particular groups. Although advice on employment pathways and mental health concerns were top priorities, the study revealed a need for more discussion on other sensitive topics, such as family violence and alcohol‐related issues, and that ideally these should be incorporated into general information sessions to destigmatise attendance The increasing relevance of computer technology and social media for information dissemination was also of note.
Brain mechanisms for simple perception and bistable perception
Authors: Wang Megan , Arteaga Daniel , He Biyu J. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
When viewing an image with multiple interpretations such as the Necker cube, subjective perception alternates stochastically between the different interpretations. This phenomenon provides a well-controlled experimental approach to studying how the brain responds to ambiguities in sensory inputs—a ubiquitous problem in dealing with natural environment. We found that, compared with simple perception devoid of ambiguities, bistable perception requires additional higher-order brain regions and dramatically enhanced top-down and bottom-up influences in the brain. Intermittent viewing of ambiguous images elicits even stronger top-down brain activity. These results help elucidate the mechanisms of visual perception by demonstrating an active top-down inferential process.
Syzygies and singularities of tensor product surfaces of bidegree (2,1)
Authors: Schenck Hal , Seceleanu Alexandra , Validashti Javid 
Published: August 2013

Let

U
⊆

H
0

(

O

P

1

×

P

1

(
2
,
1
)
)

U \subseteq H^0({\mathcal {O}_{\mathbb {P}^1 \times \mathbb {P}^1}}(2,1))

be a basepoint free four-dimensional vector space. The sections corresponding to

U
U

determine a regular map

ϕ
U

:

P

1

×

P

1

⟶

P

3

\phi _U: {\mathbb {P}^1 \times \mathbb {P}^1} \longrightarrow \mathbb {P}^3

. We study the associated bigraded ideal

I
U

⊆
k
[
s
,
t
;
u
,
v
]

I_U \subseteq k[s,t;u,v]

from the standpoint of commutative algebra, proving that there are exactly six numerical types of possible bigraded minimal free resolution. These resolutions play a key role in determining the implicit equation for

ϕ
U

(

P

1

×

P

1

)

\phi _U({\mathbb {P}^1 \times \mathbb {P}^1})

, via work of Busé-Jouanolou, Busé-Chardin, Botbol and Botbol-Dickenstein-Dohm on the approximation complex

Z

\mathcal {Z}

. In four of the six cases

I
U

I_U

has a linear first syzygy; remarkably from this we obtain all differentials in the minimal free resolution. In particular, this allows us to explicitly describe the implicit equation and singular locus of the image.