bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral activities and life cycles in deep subseafloor sediments
Authors: Engelhardt Tim , Orsi William D. , Jørgensen Bo Barker 
Published: June 2015

SummaryViruses are highly abundant in marine subsurface sediments and can even exceed the number of prokaryotes. However, their activity and quantitative impact on microbial populations are still poorly understood. Here, we use gene expression data from published continental margin subseafloor metatranscriptomes to qualitatively assess viral diversity and activity in sediments up to 159 metres below seafloor (mbsf). Mining of the metatranscriptomic data revealed 4651 representative viral homologues (RVHs), representing 2.2% of all metatranscriptome sequence reads, which have close translated homology (average 77%, range 60–97% amino acid identity) to viral proteins. Archaea‐infecting RVHs are exclusively detected in the upper 30 mbsf, whereas RVHs for filamentous inoviruses predominate in the deepest sediment layers. RVHs indicative of lysogenic phage–host interactions and lytic activity, notably cell lysis, are detected at all analysed depths and suggest a dynamic virus–host association in the marine deep biosphere studied here. Ongoing lytic viral activity is further indicated by the expression of clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat‐associated cascade genes involved in cellular defence against viral attacks. The data indicate the activity of viruses in subsurface sediment of the Peruvian margin and suggest that viruses indeed cause cell mortality and may play an important role in the turnover of subseafloor microbial biomass.
Micro ribonucleic acid (RNA)‐101 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of lung cancer by regulating cyclooxygenase‐2
Authors: Lv Peng , Zhang Peng , Li Xin , Chen Yuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundMicro ribonucleic acid (miR‐101) can regulate the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and participate in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. This study investigates the effects of miRNA‐101 and COX‐2 in lung cancer and the impact of miR‐101 on the proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cell line.MethodsThe expression of miR‐101 in 20 separate lung cancer tissues was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction; COX‐2 expression was also detected. A549 cells were transfected with miR‐101 or negative control oligonucleotide duplex mimic (miR‐NC). In vivo tumorigenesis abilities were detected in localized human lung cancer xeno‐transplant models in BALB/c nude mice.ResultsMiR‐101 expression was significantly lower and the level of COX‐2 significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in adjacent parenchyma (2.918 ± 1.006 vs. 5.953 ± 1.976, P = 0.001; 0.887 ± 0.260 vs. 0.355 ± 0.156, P = 0.001, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed that miR‐101 negatively correlated with COX‐2 in lung cancer tissues (R = −0.596, P = 0.002). Compared with A549‐miR‐NC cells, the expression of COX‐2 was significantly decreased in A549 cells transfected with miR‐101 (P < 0.001). The proliferation of A549 cells was markedly inhibited after transfection of miR‐101. The in vivo tumor growth of A549 cells transfected with miR‐101 was significantly slower than wide type A549 cells.ConclusionMiR‐101 expression is decreased in lung cancer, inducing an increase in COX‐2 level. Enforced expression of miR‐101 can remarkably reduce the cell proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer cells.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Cardiac MRI Correlates with QT Dynamicity Represented by QT/RR Relationship in Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Sakamoto Naka , Sato Nobuyuki , Talib Ahmed Karim , Sugiyama Eitaro , Minoshima Akiho , Tanabe Yasuko , Fujino Takayuki , Takeuchi Toshiharu , Akasaka Kazumi , Saijo Yasuaki , Kawamura Yuichiro , Hasebe Naoyuki 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe distribution of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on the cardiac MRI (CMR) indicates myocardial fibrosis and provides information of possible reentry substrates. QT dynamicity reflecting repolarization abnormalities has gained attention as a potential prognostic predictive factor.ObjectiveTo clarify the correlation between the LGE distribution on CMR and QT dynamicity represented by the QT/RR relationship.MethodsCMR and QT/RR analyses using Holter monitoring were performed in 34 patients (24 males, 60 ± 11 years) with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF). The LGE on CMR was scored using a 4‐point score in 17 left ventricular segments. The sum of the LGE scores was calculated for each patient. The QT/RR slope and daytime/nighttime QT/RR ratio (day/night ratio) were calculated. The correlation between the slope or the day/night QT/RR ratio and late enhancement findings was analyzed.ResultsAll patients were divided into 23 LGE positive (LGE(+)) and 11 LGE negative (LGE(−)) patients. The slopes of the QTe/RR and QTa /RR were significantly steeper in the LGE(+) than in LGE(−) patients (0.21 ± 0.03 vs 0.13 ± 0.02; P < 0.001, 0.19 ± 0.03 vs 0.13 ± 0.02; P < 0.001, respectively), and both slopes were significantly correlated with the total LGE scores (r = 0.83, P < 0.001; r = 0.71, P < 0.001, respectively). In the LGE(+) patients, the QTe day/night (1.37 ± 0.38 vs 0.91 ± 0.33; P = 0.002) and QTa day/night ratios (1.33 ± 0.26 vs 1.06 ± 0.30; P = 0.011) were significantly greater than those in the LGE(−) patients.ConclusionThe LGE distribution was closely related to the QT dynamicity, suggesting that a combination of these markers can be a powerful tool for understanding the background pathophysiology.
Coexistence of Andersen–Tawil Syndrome with Polymorphisms in hERG1 Gene (K897T) and SCN5A Gene (H558R) in One Family
Authors: Jagodzińska Michalina , Szperl Małgorzata , Ponińska Joanna , Kosiec Agnieszka , Gajda Robert , Kukla Piotr , Biernacka Elżbieta Katarzyna 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAndersen–Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is a channelopathy caused by mutations in KCNJ2 gene. It is characterized by symptoms of ventricular arrhythmias, periodic paralysis or muscle weakness, and dysmorphic features. ATS can present with the triad of symptoms, any combination or none of them. Risk factors for dangerous arrhythmias are unknown. The study assessed the impact of K897T polymorphism in hERG1 gene and H558R polymorphism in SCN5A gene coexisting with R218Q mutation in KCNJ2 in one family on clinical manifestation.MethodsFamily members underwent clinical assessment, ECG and genotyping. Holter monitoring was performed in mutation carriers and additionally in one family member with no mutation, but with K897T polymorphism.ResultsProband with ATS mutation, K897T and H558R polymorphisms and proband's sister with ATS mutation and K897T polymorphism presented following symptoms: loss of consciousness, bidirectional and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and about 5000 ventricular extrasystoles. Symptoms presented by the member with only the ATS mutation and by member with ATS mutation and H558R polymorphism were not as severe. U wave appeared in all examined family members regardless of the mutation presence. Studied individuals with ATS mutation had the T‐peak–U‐peak interval longer than 200 ms. In all ATS mutation carriers it was longer than in family members with no mutation. T‐peak–T‐end interval was the longest (>120 ms) in members with coexisting mutation and K897T polymorphism.ConclusionATS severity possibly depends on other genes’ polymorphisms. In the presented family, it could depend on the presence of K897T polymorphism in hERG1.
The Effect of Diuresis on the Paced QRS Complexes in Pacing‐Dependent Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Sheng Fuqiang , Chen Bin , He Maorong , Zhang Meilin , Shen Guoying , Zhao Xiaowei 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAugmentation of the amplitude of QRS complexes with diuretic therapy for patients with congestive heart failure has been well documented. However, the effect of diuresis on the paced QRS complexes in pacing‐dependent patients with heart failure is scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of diuresis on the paced QRS complexes in pacing‐dependent patients with heart failure.MethodThrity‐two consecutive pacing‐dependent patients with heart failure were enrolled in this study. Before and after diuresis, the sums of paced QRS amplitude of leads I+II (ΣpQRSI+II), six limb leads (ΣpQRS6L), leads V1–V3 (ΣpQRSV1‐V3), leads V4–V6 (ΣpQRSV4‐V6), leads V1–V6 (ΣpQRSV1‐V6), and lead aVR (pQRSaVR), paced QRS duration (pQRSd), paced QT intervals (pQT) and the body weight of each patient were measured, then the % changes (Δ%) in paced electrocardiogram (ECG) variables and the Δ% in body weight were evaluated.ResultsCompared with before diuresis, paced ECG variables significantly increased and body weight significantly decreased after diuresis, Δ% in paced QRS amplitude(s) in all ECG variables (ΣpQRSI+II, ΣpQRS6L, ΣpQRSV1‐V3, ΣpQRSV4‐V6, ΣpQRSV1‐V6, and pQRSaVR) correlated well with Δ% in body weight (r = 0.416, r = 0.849, r = 0.901, r = 0.371, r = 0.837, r = 0.619, and P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.037, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between Δ% in pQRSd and pQT and Δ% in body weight.ConclusionsThe changes in amplitude of paced QRS complexes may be useful for the monitoring of therapy of pacing‐dependent patients with heart failure.
Anti‐VEGF treatment in branch retinal vein occlusion: a real‐world experience over 4 years
Authors: Rezar Sandra , Eibenberger Katharina , Bühl Wolf , Georgopoulos Michael , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Sacu Stefan ,   Macula Study Group Vienna
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine long‐term outcome of intraocular antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in macular oedema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsA total of 28 consecutive patients were treated with either intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) in the first series and were evaluated after a mean follow‐up of 5 years for their functional and anatomical outcome.ResultsTime between onset of macular oedema and initial treatment was 5.2 ± 0.4/0.1 ± 0.1 (IVB/IVR) months. A mean of 4 intravitreal injections were given per patients in the first 6 months. In months 7–12 intravitreal injections decreased to 2 and further decreased in the second year (months 13–18: 1.14; months 19–24: 0.5) and third year (months 25–30: 0.4; months 31–36: 0.2). After the fourth year, only two of the 28 patients received further treatment. Average visual acuity (VA) increased by 16 letters after 1 year (p < 0.01) and although not statistically significantly, by a mean of 5 letters (p = 0.3) at long‐term evaluation (IVB‐group). However, after mean of 5 years, central retinal sensitivity (CRS) improved by 3.6 dB (p = 0.01) and central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased by 161 μm (p = 0.02). In the IVR‐group, VA and CRS increased significantly (31 letters and respectively 4.4 dB, p < 0.001) and CRT decreased by 229 μm (p < 0.001) after long‐term follow‐up. Final functional results were significantly better in patients with treatment initiation <3 months (79 versus 55 letters, p = 0.01). Microvascular abnormalities were detected in 88% (21 of 24 patients), hyperfluorescence in 42% (10 of 24 patients) on wide‐field fluorescein angiography in both groups.ConclusionsInhibition of VEGF provides substantial long‐term benefits for patients with ME secondary to BRVO. Early treatment with anti‐VEGF agents and extended therapeutic surveillance was associated with improved visual recovery.
Virus ecology of fluvial systems: a blank spot on the map?
Authors: Peduzzi Peter 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe ecology of viruses has been studied only in a limited number of rivers and streams. In light of a recent re‐appraisal of the global fluvial surface area, issues such as abundance and production, host mortality and the influence of suspended particles and biofilms are addressed. Viral life cycles, potential impacts of viruses on water biochemistry and carbon flow, and viral diversity are considered. Variability in trophic levels along with the heterogeneous nature and hydrological dynamics of fluvial environments suggest a prevailingly physical control of virus‐related processes under lotic conditions and more biological control under lentic conditions. Viral lysis likely contributes to a pool of rapidly cycling carbon in environments typically characterized by high proportions of recalcitrant terrestrial carbon. On average, 33.6% (equalling 0.605 Pg C year−1) of the globally respired carbon from fluvial systems may pass through a viral loop. Virus distribution and the proportion of organic material in horizontal transport versus processes in retention zones remain to be determined in detail. The need for up‐scaling the contribution of virus‐related processes in fluvial systems is of global relevance. Further, the role of climate change and the effect of anthropogenic alterations of fluvial systems on viruses require attention. The identification of these considerable knowledge gaps should foster future research efforts.
Combined Treatment Effects Using Bioactive‐Coated Implants and Ceramic Granulate in a Rabbit Femoral Condyle Model
Authors: Preethanath Reghunathan S. , Rajesh Palangadan , Varma Harikrishna , Anil Sukumaran , Jansen John A. , van den Beucken Jeroen J.J.P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundResolution of peri‐implant defects resulting from implant placement in the freshly extracted site demands for a bone graft substitute that stimulates bone regeneration and hence facilitates implant integration. In view of this, the addition of silica to hydroxyapatite (HASi) could enhance the bioactive behavior of ceramic materials and implant surfaces coated with bioactive ceramics might benefit the interaction between bone and implant.PurposeTo evaluate the bone response to implants coated with hydroxyapatite‐silica (HASi) or hydroxyapatite (HA) and either or not combined with HASi and HA ceramic bone substitute particles, respectively, on bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone formation using a rabbit femoral condyle implant model with a gap design.Material and MethodsA total of 32 custom‐made, titanium implants (Ti: diameter 5 mm, length 8 mm) with two‐sided gaps were fabricated and coated with either HASi or HA using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The implants were installed bilaterally in the femoral condyles of 16 New Zealand white rabbits. According to a randomization protocol, one gap of HASi‐coated and HA‐coated implants was filled with HASi particles and HA particles, respectively, and the other gap was left empty. After an implantation period of 8 weeks, the retrieved specimens were analyzed via histology and histomorphometry (i.e., bone to implant contact [BIC] and bone volume [BV]).ResultsThe BIC and BV around the implants were analysed for HASi‐ and HA‐coated implants with and without the use of HASi and HA bone substitute material. Comparison of HASi‐ and HA‐coated implants showed similar BIC for HASi‐ (55.7 + 11.0) and HA‐coated implants (50.3 + 19.7). When coated implants were combined with bone substitute materials, HASi‐coated and particle‐filled implants showed higher BIC (64.3 ± 6.8%) compared with HA‐coated and HA‐filled implants (54.5 ± 10.9%). Similarly, the BV within the region of interest showed significantly higher values for the HASi‐coated and HASi‐filled implants (21.1 ± 1.7%) compared with HA‐coated and HA‐filled implants (12.8 ± 4.9%).Conclusions and Clinical ImplicationsWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that silicon substitution in HA favors bone regeneration compared with HA, especially when used as bone substitute material. Further studies using different healing periods will elucidate the resorption pattern of HASi granules in comparison with HA.
Chromium allergy and dermatitis: prevalence and main findings
Authors: Bregnbak David , Johansen Jeanne D. , Jellesen Morten S. , Zachariae Claus , Menné Torkil , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe history of chromium as an allergen goes back more than a century, and includes an interventional success with national legislation that led to significant changes in the epidemiology of chromium allergy in construction workers. The 2015 EU Leather Regulation once again put a focus on chromium allergy, emphasizing that the investigation of chromium allergy is still far from complete. Our review article on chromium focuses on the allergen's chemical properties, its potential exposure sources, and the allergen's interaction with the skin, and also provides an overview of the regulations, and analyses the epidemiological pattern between nations and across continents. We provide an update on the allergen from a dermatological point of view, and conclude that much still remains to be discovered about the allergen, and that continued surveillance of exposure sources and prevalence rates is necessary.
SPECIAL‐INTEREST SPILLOVERS AND TOBACCO TAXATION
Authors: Hoffer Adam J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study explores the effects tobacco special interest has had on cigarette tax rates. Using a spatial econometric model to control for tax competition and the endogeneity present in state tax rates, this study finds that tobacco special interest has played a significant role in influencing state cigarette tax rates. Pounds of tobacco grown in a state and tobacco industry campaign contributions are associated with lower cigarette tax rates. The empirical results show that the magnitude of the special‐interest effect can be two to five times as large when the spatial spillover effects are included. (JEL C23, H71, H73)
The significance of extracellular mucin in breast fine needle aspiration specimens
Authors: Shield P. W. , Ribu D. L. , Cominos D. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo determine if all breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with abundant extracellular mucin require excisional biopsy.MethodsFifty cases of breast FNA containing extracellular mucin, reported with a recommendation for biopsy and with histological follow‐up were reviewed. Cellular features were noted, and the cases reclassified ignoring the presence of mucin and then correlated with histological outcome.ResultsSubsequent histology showed benign changes in 20% (10/50), two cases (4%) of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 76% (38/50) to be malignant lesions, including three cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). When the FNA cases were reviewed disregarding the presence of mucin, 11 cases were reclassified as benign and one case that contained mucin‐like material but no epithelial cells reviewed as non‐diagnostic. All cases of invasive mixed and mucinous carcinoma (MC) would have been reported with a recommendation for histological examination. In addition, the three cases each of fibroadenoma (FA) and a benign mucocoele‐like lesion (MLL) were correctly identified as benign. However, two cases each of DCIS and ADH would have been reported benign with no recommendation for further histology.ConclusionsBreast FNA specimens with mucinous material may arise from sampling of a range of benign and malignant processes; however, a biopsy should be recommended, even in cases of low cellularity, owing to sampling problems and the frequent co‐occurrence of significant lesions. FNA is highly accurate at predicting carcinoma with mucinous differentiation although it is not possible to reliably predict if the lesion represents pure MC or a mixed carcinoma.
Differentiation syndrome in acute myeloid leukemia after treatment with azacitidine
Authors: Laufer Christin B. , Roberts Owen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report a case report of hyperleukocytosis, fever, hypotension, pulmonary and pericardial effusions, and acute kidney injury during initial treatment with azacitidine in a patient with AML‐MRC. Collectively, the symptomatology resembled differentiation syndrome. Azacitidine has been previously associated with fever, peripheral edema, and hyperleukocytosis, but its side effect profile has never been described as similar to differentiation syndrome. The patient's deteriorating course quickly turned around after treatment with dexamethasone. This potential reaction, and potential treatment, is important for clinicians to be aware of.
Modelling soil salinity across a gilgai landscape by inversion of EM38 and EM31 data
Authors: Huang J. , Mokhtari A. R. , Cohen D. R. , Monteiro Santos F. A. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe soil in arid and semi‐arid areas is often markedly saline, which can severely limit agricultural productivity. Increasingly, geophysical methods are being implemented to map the levels and areal extent of soil salinity. One of the most effective methods is electromagnetic (EM) induction with instruments designed to measure apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). This study describes the generation of electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCIs) by inverting ECa data obtained with the EM38 and EM31 devices along two closely‐spaced transects by the EM inversion approach in the EM4Soil package. The EM38 ECa data are shown to be a more effective predictor of soil ECe. Calibration equations based on calculated true electrical conductivity (σ) and measured electrical conductivity of a saturated soil‐paste extract (ECe) provide reliable estimates of ECa. The patterns of σ in a test of the method in soil developed over thick alluvium on a clay plain in central New South Wales, Australia, compare favourably with existing pedological mapping; the mounds and depressions of gilgai were strongly differentiated from the more sandy alluvial sediments that characterize prior stream channels. The overall approach is potentially useful for generating a single calibration equation that can be used to predict ECe at various depths in the soil. Improvements in EMCI modelling can also be sought by joint inversion of EM with other geophysical datasets.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Junkkari A. , Sintonen H. , Nerg O. , Koivisto A. M. , Roine R. P. , Viinamäki H. , Soininen H. , Jääskeläinen J. E. , Leinonen V. 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeFactors affecting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were explored in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).MethodsUsing the 15D instrument HRQoL was evaluated in 132 patients diagnosed with iNPH by clinical and neuroradiological examinations. The severity of iNPH symptoms was measured with the iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS), depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐21) and cognitive impairment with the Mini‐Mental State Examination.ResultsThe mean (SD) 15D score (on a 0–1 scale) of patients with iNPH was significantly lower than that of an age‐ and gender‐matched sample of the general population [0.718 (0.103) vs. 0.870 (0.106); P < 0.001]. The mean 15D score was lower in iNPH patients with moderate or severe depressive symptoms than in patients without depressive symptoms (P = 0.003). According to stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, a higher total iNPHGS score (b = −0.62, P < 0.001) and a higher BDI‐21 total score (β = −0.201, P = 0.025) predicted a lower 15D score; in combination, these explained 51% of the variance in the 15D score (R2 = 0.506, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus impairs patients’ HRQoL on multiple dimensions, similarly to other chronic diseases. Potentially treatable depressive symptoms contribute greatly to the HRQoL impairment of iNPH patients, but only if they are moderate or severe. The 15D portrayed HRQoL dimensions affected by iNPH in a similar way to broader assessment batteries and thus is a potentially useful tool for treatment evaluation and cost−utility analysis.