bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Engineering of Heterotypic Antigens on a DNA Framework for the Preparation of Mosaic Nanoparticle Vaccines with Enhanced Immune Activation against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants
Authors: Zhang Jialu , Xu Yunyun , Chen Mingying , Wang Shengwen , Lin Guihong , Huang Yihao , Yang Chaoyong , Yang Yang , Song Yanling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMosaic nanoparticle vaccines with heterotypic antigens exhibit broad‐spectrum antiviral capabilities, but the impact of antigen proportions and distribution patterns on vaccine‐induced immunity remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a DNA nanotechnology‐based strategy for spatially assembling heterotypic antigens to guide the rational design of mosaic nanoparticle vaccines. By utilizing two aptamers with orthogonal selectivity for the original SARS‐CoV‐2 spike trimer and Omicron receptor‐binding domain (RBD), along with a DNA soccer‐ball framework, we precisely manipulate the spacing, stoichiometry, and overall distribution of heterotypic antigens to create mosaic nanoparticles with average, bipolar, and unipolar antigen distributions. Systematic in vitro and in vivo immunological investigations demonstrate that 30 heterotypic antigens in equivalent proportions, with an average distribution, lead to higher production of broad‐spectrum neutralizing antibodies compared to the bipolar and unipolar distributions. Furthermore, the precise assembly utilizing our developed methodology reveals that a mere increment of five Omicron RBD antigens on a nanoparticle (from 15 to 20) not only diminishes neutralization against the Omicron variant but also triggers excessive inflammation. This work provides a unique perspective on the rational design of mosaic vaccines by highlighting the significance of the spatial placement and proportion of heterotypic antigens in their structure–activity mechanisms.
Dynamically Cross‐linked Oligo[2]rotaxane Networks Mediated by Metal‐Coordination
Authors: Bai Ruixue , Wang Wenbin , Gao Wenzhe , Yang Mengling , Zhang Xinhai , Wang Chunyu , Fan Zhiwei , Yang Li , Zhang Zhaoming , Yan Xuzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolyrotaxanes (PRs) have attracted significant research attention due to their unique topological structures and high degrees of conformational freedom. Herein, we take advantage of an oligo[2]rotaxane to construct a novel class of dynamically cross‐linked rotaxane network (DCRN) mediated by metal‐coordination. The oligo[2]rotaxane skeleton offers several distinct advantages: In addition to retaining the merits of traditional polymer backbones, the ordered intramolecular motion of the [2]rotaxane motifs introduced dangling chains into the network, thereby enhancing the stretchability of the DCRN. Additionally, the dissociation of host–guest recognition and subsequent sliding motion, along with the breakage of metal‐coordination interactions, represented an integrated energy dissipation pathway to enhance mechanical properties. Moreover, the resulting DCRN demonstrated responsiveness to multiple stimuli and displayed exceptional self‐healing capabilities in a gel state. Upon exposure to PPh3, which induced network deconstruction by breaking the coordinated cross‐linking points, the oligo[2]rotaxane could be recovered, showcasing good recyclability. These findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the oligo[2]rotaxane as a polymer skeleton to develop DCRN and open the door to extend their advanced applications in intelligent mechanically interlocked materials.
Electrical cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) in lung biology and disease
Authors: Schaller Lena , Hofmann Katharina , Geiger Fabienne , Dietrich Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lungs are exposed to a hostile environment from both sites: the airways and the vasculature. However, an efficient gas exchange of oxygen (O2) and CO2 is only possible through a very thin alveolo‐capillary membrane. Therefore, maintaining cell barrier integrity is essential for respiratory health and function. On the vascular site, endothelial cells form a natural barrier, while in the airways epithelial cells are most important for protection of the lung tissues. Moreover, fibroblasts, by transforming to myofibroblasts, are essential for wound closure after mechanical and chemical microinjuries in the respiratory tract. Along this line, loss of cell resistance in vascular endothelial and lung epithelial cells enhances invasion of pathogens (e.g., SARS‐CoV‐2) and results in pulmonary edema formation, while increasing barrier function of pulmonary (myo)fibroblasts blocks gas exchange in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, electrical cell‐substrate impedance sensing‐based quantification of changes in cell barrier function in lung endothelial and epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts after application of harmful triggers (e.g., hypoxia, receptor agonists, and toxicants) is a convenient and state‐of‐the‐art technique. After isolation of primary cells from mouse models and human tissues, changes in cell resistance can be detected in real time. By using lung cells from gene‐deficient mouse models, microRNAs or the small‐interfering RNA technology essential proteins for cell adhesion, for example, ion channels of the transient receptor potential family are identified in comparison to wild‐type control cells. In the future, these proteins may be useful as drug targets for novel therapeutic options in patients with lung edema or pulmonary fibrosis.
Performance of the 2023 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR Classification Criteria for Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Mexican Cohort
Authors: Cimé‐Aké Erik , Hernández‐Molina Gabriela , Llorente‐Chávez Amaya , Martín‐Nares Eduardo 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to assess the performance of the 2023 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria (2023 AECC) for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in a Mexican cohort.MethodsWe enrolled patients with primary APS (PAPS) and secondary APS (SAPS) and a control group of nonautoimmune thrombophilia. We evaluated the fulfillment of the 2023 AECC and the 2006 revised Sapporo classification criteria (2006 RSCC) and their performance against the clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. The baseline Global APS Score (GAPSS) and the Damage Index for APS (DIAPS) at last follow‐up were calculated.ResultsWe included 85 patients with PAPS, 54 with SAPS, and 50 with thrombophilia. According to the 2023 AECC criteria, 69 patients (81.2%) with PAPS, 28 patients (51.9%) with SAPS, and none of the patients with thrombophilia met the criteria. When comparing true positive (TP) (n = 69) versus false negative (n = 16) cases within the PAPS group, TP cases exhibited a higher frequency of thrombotic manifestations and IgM anti‐cardiolipin and IgG anti–β2‐glycoprotein‐I positivity. For PAPS, there was a correlation between the 2023 AECC score and both GAPSS (rho = 0.621, P < 0.0001) and DIAPS scores (rho = 0.433, P < 0.0001). When comparing the 2023 AECC with the 2006 RSCC, a lower sensitivity (81.2% vs 88.2%) but a higher specificity (100.0% vs 92.0%) was observed for PAPS. Similar findings were observed in SAPS.ConclusionIn both PAPS and SAPS, the 2023 AECC have higher specificity than the 2006 RSCC. The main feature of patients with PAPS according to the 2023 AECC was thrombosis. These criteria might identify patients at higher risk of thrombosis and damage accrual.image
Toward a functional classification for autism in adulthood
Authors: Sterrett Kyle , Clarke Elaine , Nofer Jane , Piven Joseph , Lord Catherine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects development and functioning from infancy through adulthood. Efforts to parse the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum through subgroups such as Asperger's and Profound Autism have been controversial, and have consistently struggled with issues of reliability, validity, and interpretability. Nonetheless, methods for successfully identifying clinically meaningful subgroups within autism are needed to ensure that research, interventions, and services address the range of needs experienced by autistic individuals. The purpose of this study was to generate and test whether a simple set of questions, organized in a flowchart, could be used in clinical practice and research to differentiate meaningful subgroups based on individuals' level of functioning. Once generated, subgroups could also be compared to the recently proposed administrative category of Profound Autism and to groupings based on standardized adaptive measures. Ninety‐seven adults with autism or related neurodevelopmental disorders participating in a longstanding longitudinal study, or their caregivers if they could not answer for themselves, completed phone interviews when the participants were ~30 years old. Information from these phone interviews was used to generate vignettes summarizing characteristics and aspects of the daily lives of each participant (e.g., language level, vocational activities, and social relationships). Three expert clinicians then used these vignettes to classify each participant based on their level of support needs. Meaningfully distinct subgroups within the sample were identified which could be reliably distinguished from one another. Implications of such categorizations and future directions are discussed.
Optical properties investigation and multicolor behavior of neodymium (Nd3+)‐doped oxyfluoride silicate glasses SiO2‐PbO‐PbF2
Authors: Boubekri Hani , Fartas Reda , Diaf Mohamed , Rahmouni Salah , Louati Nesrine , Boulekrouche Samah , Alleg Safia , Bitam Adel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research is to investigate novel compositions of oxyfluoride glasses doped with Neodymium (Nd3+) rare earth ions in the visible spectrum. This area has not been extensively studied in the existing literature, so it is vital to understand the favorable photoluminescence characteristics within this part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, we synthesized and characterized SiO2‐PbO‐PbF2 (SPF) doped with 1% neodymium (Nd3+) ions glasses. Spectroscopic analyses, based on Judd–Ofelt theory, were conducted on absorption spectra. These analyses enabled to determine absorption cross‐sections, transition probabilities, and Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 for the different transition. Additionally, we calculated various radiative properties, such as branching ratios, integrated cross‐sections, radiative lifetimes, emission cross‐section, optical gain, and the multicolor behavior (chromaticity coordinates, CIE diagram) under different excitation wavelengths. The results suggest promising prospects for using these oxyfluoride silicate glasses doped with Nd3+ as a fluorophore, potentially for lasing materials around 630‐nm emission and in other photonic applications.
Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the mitophagy‐associated pharmacological mechanism of modified Shisiwei Jianzhong decoction against aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wang Jun , Wang Bo , Gao Yanting , Lin Shengyun , Zhou Yuhong , Wu Liqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the therapeutic effect of modified Shisiwei Jianzhong Decoction (SJD) on aplastic anemia (AA) and its potential pharmacological mechanism from the perspective of mitophagy. A comprehensive approach combining network pharmacology, mendelian randomization, molecular docking and animal experiments was applied to evaluate the properties of SJD against AA. By integrating multiple databases, it was determined that SJD exerted its therapeutic effect on AA by targeting three key targets [mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)] through four core compounds (quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and curcumin). Mendelian randomization analysis identified MTOR as a risk factor for AA occurrence while PARP1 was a protective factor. Results of animal experiments showed that SJD improved peripheral blood counts and promoted the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Mechanistically, SJD, especially at high dose, played a therapeutic role in AA by activating mitophagy‐related proteins PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT)/MTOR pathway. This study revealed for the first time the core chemical composition of SJD and its pharmacological effects against AA, which can restore hematopoietic function by activating mitophagy. The results provide inspiration for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in AA treatment.
Reconstructing theory in mental health and psychosocial support and peacebuilding: Towards an integrated model for psychosocial peacebuilding
Authors: Frasco Eric , Sherr Lorraine , Burgess Rochelle A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite wide agreement among practitioners on the need for integration, mental health and peacebuilding practice remain siloed in conflict‐affected contexts. Yet before the integration of these two fields should occur, a revaluation of existing practice is needed. Within the field of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), critics have long questioned dominant assumptions and treatment models, raising concerns about top‐down implementation, Western‐centric approaches, and a lack of community leadership. These criticisms are largely echoed within peacebuilding literature. Furthermore, both fields underappreciate the overlap between their practices. For example, the relationship between the structural drivers of poor mental health or the social‐psychological drivers underpinning peacebuilding. Accordingly, this article seeks to contribute to the development of a novel, integrated approach to MHPSS and peacebuilding—or ‘psychosocial peacebuilding’. In doing so, we address dominant critiques of both fields, before discussing the relevance of critical (community) psychology as an ideal means in which to bridge a theoretical and practical gap between fields. Using quality peace as a guiding normative theory, we will also reinforce the argument that working to address mental health concerns is essential to creating peace in post‐conflict contexts. It concludes by exploring potential avenues for further research. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Tau Protein and Tauopathies: Exploring Tau Protein–Protein and Microtubule Interactions, Cross‐Interactions and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Di Lorenzo Davide 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTau, a microtubule‐associated protein (MAP), is essential to maintaining neuronal stability and function in the healthy brain. However, aberrant modifications and pathological aggregations of Tau are implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, collectively known as tauopathies. The most common Tauopathy is Alzheimer's Disease (AD) counting nowadays more than 60 million patients worldwide. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted realm of Tau protein, puzzling out its intricate involvement in both physiological and pathological roles. Emphasis is put on Tau Protein–Protein Interactions (PPIs), depicting its interaction with tubulin, microtubules and its cross‐interaction with other proteins such as Aβ1‐42, α‐synuclein, and the chaperone machinery. In the realm of therapeutic strategies, an overview of diverse possibilities is presented with their relative clinical progresses. The focus is mostly addressed to Tau protein aggregation inhibitors including recent small molecules, short peptides and peptidomimetics with specific focus on compounds that showed a double anti aggregative activity on both Tau protein and Aβ amyloid peptide. This review amalgamates current knowledge on Tau protein and evolving therapeutic strategies, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of the Tau protein and for scientists involved in the development of new peptide‐based anti‐aggregative Tau compounds.
ZnAl/LDH@CQD: Synthesis, Characterization and Use as Adsorbent
Authors: Henrique Daniely Carlos , dos Santos Lins Pollyanna Vanessa , da Silva Santos Danilo Henrique , da Silva Neto Luiz Daniel , Georgin Jordana , Stracke Pfingsten Franco Dison , Margareti Plentz Meneghetti Simoni , Meili Lucas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the synthesis of the ZnAl/layered double hydroxides (LDH) composite with carbon quantum dots (CQD) and its application in water treatment. The synthesis of the ZnAl/LDH@CQD composite was carried out by the co‐precipitation method, being characterized by XRD, FTIR, pHZCP, SEM, EDX, TG, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results presented a composite with a mesoporous structure, satisfactory values of surface area (18.72 m2 g−1), and pore size (14.78 nm). Preliminary adsorption tests were carried out, and the composite was efficient in removing some dyes and drugs. The kinetic and equilibrium data for the adsorption study for methylene blue fit best the General Order and Liu models, respectively, with maximum adsorption capacity occurring at 30 °C (12.11 mg g−1). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption of MB was exothermic and spontaneous, governed mostly by physical processes. The regeneration of the adsorbent was carried out by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (250 mmol), showing a 20.93 % reduction in the percentage of removal after the first cycle and remaining practically constant until the sixth cycle. These results present an efficient way of using CQD composite as an adsorbent material, with potential application in water purification for human and environmental use.
Antimicrobial Potential of Strontium‐Functionalized Titanium Against Bacteria Associated With Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Alshammari Hatem , Neilands Jessica , Jeppesen Christian Sloth , Almtoft Klaus Pagh , Andersen Ole Zoffmann , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore the antimicrobial potential of strontium (Sr)‐functionalized wafers against multiple bacteria associated with per‐implant infections, in both mono‐ and multispecies biofilms.Materials and MethodsThe bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of silicon wafers functionalized with a strontium titanium oxygen coating (Sr‐Ti‐O) or covered only with Ti (controls) against several bacteria, either grown as a mono‐species or multispecies biofilms, was assessed using a bacterial viability assay and a plate counting method. Mono‐species biofilms were assessed after 2 and 24 h, while the antimicrobial effect on multispecies biofilms was assessed at Days 1, 3, and 6. The impact of Sr functionalization on the total percentage of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the multispecies biofilm, using qPCR, and gingipain activity was also assessed.ResultsSr‐functionalized wafers, compared to controls, were associated with statistically significant less viable cells in both mono‐ and multispecies tests. The number of colony forming units (CFUs) within the biofilm was significantly less in Sr‐functionalized wafers, compared to control wafers, for Staphylococcus aureus at all time points of evaluation and for Escherichia coli at Day 1. Gingipain activity was less in Sr‐functionalized wafers, compared to control wafers, and the qPCR showed that P. gingivalis remained below detection levels at Sr‐functionalized wafers, while it consisted of 15% of the total biofilm on control wafers at Day 6.ConclusionSr functionalization displayed promising antimicrobial potential, possessing bactericidal and bacteriostatic ability against bacteria associated with peri‐implantitis grown either as mono‐species or mixed in a multispecies consortium with several common oral microorganisms.
Functional responses of understory plants to natural disturbance‐based management in eastern and western Canada
Authors: Noualhaguet Marion , Work Timothy T. , Nock Charles A. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Aubin Isabelle , Fenton Nicole J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNatural disturbance‐based management (NDBM) is hypothesized to maintain managed forest ecosystem integrity by reducing differences between natural and managed forests. The effectiveness of this approach often entails local comparisons of species composition or diversity for a variety of biota from managed and unmanaged forests. Understory vegetation is regularly the focus of such comparison because of its importance in nutrient cycling, forest regeneration, and for wildlife. However, larger scale comparisons between regions with distinct species assemblages may require a trait‐based approach to better understand understory responses to disturbance. We compared the long‐term effects of retention harvesting on understory vegetation in two large experimental study sites located in eastern and western regions of the Canadian boreal forest. These sites included the Sylviculture en Aménagement Forestier Ecosystémique (SAFE) experiment and the Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND) experiment, located in the eastern and western regions of Canada, respectively. EMEND and SAFE share common boreal understory species but have distinct tree communities, soils, and climate. Both experiments were designed to evaluate how increasing tree retention after harvest affects biodiversity. Here, we examined taxonomic richness, functional diversity, and functional composition (using community trait mean values) of understory plant communities, and also examine intraspecific trait variability (ITV) for five species common and abundant in both experiments. We observed the limited impacts of retention level on richness, functional diversity, and functional composition of understory plants 20 years postharvest. However, ITV of leaf morphological traits varied between retention levels within each experiment, depending on the species identity. Common species had different functional responses to retention level, showing species‐specific reactions to environmental variation. Our result suggests that understory plant communities in the boreal forest achieve resilience to disturbance both in terms of interspecific and intraspecific functional trait diversity. Such diversity may be key to maintaining understory biodiversity in the face of future disturbances and environmental change. Our results reveal the significance of ITV in plant communities for understanding responses to forest harvesting and the importance of choosing appropriate traits when studying species responses to the environment.