bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polonistyka na Litwie po drugiej wojnie światowej
Authors: Masojć Irena 
Published: August 2015

Polish studies in Lithuania after World War IIThe history of academic Polish in Lithuania after the Second World War was largely dependent on historical and political circumstances, therefore, it can be divided into two periods: Polish studies in the Soviet Lithuania (1961–1989) and Polish studies in the independent Lithuania (1990–2010). The purpose of this article is to characterize didactic, scientific and popularizing activity of the two centers – Department of Polish Philology and Didactics, which exists at Vilnius Pedagogical University since 1961, and Centre of Polish Studies at Vilnius University, which was established in 1993. Description of Polish academic researches seeks to distinguish main directions of the carried out researches and present most significant achievements of Polish academicians in Vilnius. Particular attention is paid to linguistic issues, where the dominant role is played by the studies of dialectologic and sociolinguistic nature. Полонистика в Литве после Второй мировой войныИстория университетской полонистики в Литве после Второй мировой войны была в значительной степени обусловлена историческими и политическими обстоятельствами, следовательно, её можно разделить на два периода: полонистика в Литве советского периода (1961–1989) и полонистика в независимой Литве (1990–2010). Целью данной статьи является описание дидактической, научной и популяризаторской деятельности двух центров – Кафедры польской филологии и дидактики, которая существует в Вильнюсском педагогическом университете с 1961 года, и Центра полонистики Вильнюсского университета, который был создан в 1993 году. В описании научной деятельности вильнюсских полонистов выделены основные направления проводимых ими исследований и представлены наиболее значительные их достижения. Особое внимание уделяется лингвистическим вопросам, среди которых доминирующую роль играют исследования диалектологического и социолингвистического характера.
Polsko-litewskie badania konfrontatywne Zespołu Semantyki Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Authors: Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman 
Published: August 2015

Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studies conducted by the Department of Semantics of the Institute of Slavic Studies of The Polish Academy of ScienceThe dissertation discusses the research area of the Lithuanian-Polish theoretical contrastive studies, conducted by the Department of ISS PAS, including: [1] Lithuanian-Polish theoretical contrastive studies utilizing the interlanguage (Lithuanian-Polish contrastive grammar), [2] Terminological dictionary (defi nitions of the interlanguage particular sections used in the linguistic contrast along with terminology suggestion for Slavic languages, including Lithuanian), [3] Corpus linguistics and on-line dictionaries (experimental trilingual Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel and comparable corpora, experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk and experimental electronic Polish-Lithuanian dictionary), [4] Research on the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (grammatical description of the local dialect on the basis of the experimental dialectal corpus in contrast with Polish and Lithuanian). Польско-литовские исследования Лаборатории семантики Института Славистики Польской Академии НаукВ статье описываются научные исследования Лаборатории семантики Института Славистики ПАН, которые связаны с исследованием польского и литовского языков. Основные темы: [1] Теоретические польско-литовские сопоставительные исследования с использованием языка-посредника (Польско-литовская сопоставительная грамматика), [2] Терминологический словарь (заключающий содержания основных терминов языка-посредника и предложения самих терминов на польском и литовском языках), [3] Корпусная лингвистика и электронные онлайн-словари (экспериментальный трехязычный болгарско-польско-литовский параллельный корпус, экспериментальный корпус говора окрестностей Пунска и экспериментальный электронный польско-литовский словарь), [4] Исследования литовского говора окрестностей Пунска в Польше (грамматическое описание говора с использованием экспериментального корпуса говора в сопоставлении с польским и литовским языками).
Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Quantitative Precipitation Estimation: Initial Operating Capabilities
Authors: Zhang Jian , Howard Kenneth , Langston Carrie , Kaney Brian , Qi Youcun , Tang Lin , Grams Heather , Wang Yadong , Cocks Stephen , Martinaitis Steven , Arthur Ami , Cooper Karen , Brogden Jeff , Kitzmiller David 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Rapid advancements of computer technologies in recent years made the real-time transferring and integration of high-volume, multisource data at a centralized location a possibility. The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system recently implemented at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction demonstrates such capabilities by integrating about 180 operational weather radars from the conterminous United States and Canada into a seamless national 3D radar mosaic with very high spatial (1 km) and temporal (2 min) resolution. The radar data can be integrated with high-resolution numerical weather prediction model data, satellite data, and lightning and rain gauge observations to generate a suite of severe weather and quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products. This paper provides an overview of the initial operating capabilities of MRMS QPE products.
A Coupled-Pixel Model (CPM) Atmospheric Retrieval Algorithm for High-Resolution Imagers
Authors: Morris Mary , Ruf Christopher S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLow-frequency passive microwave observations allow for oceanic remote sensing of surface wind speed and rain rate from spaceborne and airborne platforms. For most instruments, the modeling of contributions of rain absorption and reemission in a particular field of view is simplified by the observing geometry. However, the simplifying assumptions that can be applied in most applications are not always valid for the scenes that the airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) regularly observes. Collocated Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) and HIRAD observations of Hurricane Earl (2010) indicate that retrieval algorithms based on the usual simplified model, referred to here as the decoupled-pixel model (DPM), are not able to resolve two neighboring rainbands at the edge of HIRAD’s swath. The DPM does not allow for the possibility that a single column of atmosphere can affect the observations at multiple cross-track positions. This motivates the development of a coupled-pixel model (CPM) that is developed and tested in this paper. Simulated observations as well as HIRAD’s observations of Hurricane Earl (2010) are used to test the CPM algorithm. Key to the performance of the CPM algorithm is its ability to deconvolve the cross-track scene, as well as unscramble the signatures of surface wind speed and rain rate in HIRAD’s observations. While the CPM approach was developed specifically for HIRAD, other sensors could employ this method in similar complicated observing scenarios.
The Attentional Demand of Automobile Driving Revisited
Authors: Kujala Tuomo , Mäkelä Jakke , Kotilainen Ilkka , Tokkonen Timo 
Published: August 2015

Objective: We studied the utility of occlusion distance as a function of task-relevant event density in realistic traffic scenarios with self-controlled speed. Background: The visual occlusion technique is an established method for assessing visual demands of driving. However, occlusion time is not a highly informative measure of environmental task-relevant event density in self-paced driving scenarios because it partials out the effects of changes in driving speed. Method: Self-determined occlusion times and distances of 97 drivers with varying backgrounds were analyzed in driving scenarios simulating real Finnish suburban and highway traffic environments with self-determined vehicle speed. Results: Occlusion distances varied systematically with the expected environmental demands of the manipulated driving scenarios whereas the distributions of occlusion times remained more static across the scenarios. Systematic individual differences in the preferred occlusion distances were observed. More experienced drivers achieved better lane-keeping accuracy than inexperienced drivers with similar occlusion distances; however, driving experience was unexpectedly not a major factor for the preferred occlusion distances. Conclusion: Occlusion distance seems to be an informative measure for assessing task-relevant event density in realistic traffic scenarios with self-controlled speed. Occlusion time measures the visual demand of driving as the task-relevant event rate in time intervals, whereas occlusion distance measures the experienced task-relevant event density in distance intervals. Application: The findings can be utilized in context-aware distraction mitigation systems, human–automated vehicle interaction, road speed prediction and design, as well as in the testing of visual in-vehicle tasks for inappropriate in-vehicle glancing behaviors in any dynamic traffic scenario for which appropriate individual occlusion distances can be defined.
What is in a name? Causative explanatory models of postpartum psychosis among patients and caregivers in India
Authors: Thippeswamy Harish , Dahale Ajit , Desai Geetha , Chandra Prabha S 
Published: August 2015

Background: Explanatory models (EMs) influence decision-making related to treatment and compliance. There is little knowledge about belief systems related to postpartum psychosis in different cultures. Aims: To study EMs of illness among women with postpartum psychosis and their family members in India. Method: A total of 123 women with postpartum psychosis and their caregivers were assessed to understand their beliefs regarding causes of postpartum psychosis using Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI). Local names were listed and emerging themes were analysed. Results: Respondents often held more than one EM and only one-third held a biomedical EM. Other common models included stressors unique to childbirth, marital stress and supernatural causes. Local names reflected the underlying models. Conclusion: Non-biomedical EMs are common in women with postpartum psychosis. Cultural and social factors unique to childbirth appear to influence these models. There is a need to enhance awareness and knowledge about this serious disorder in the community.
Sustainable and Socially Inclusive Development of Urban Water Provisioning
Authors: Sharma Aviram 
Published: August 2015

Over the years, the nature of drinking water supply and associated practices of consumption and regulation has enormously evolved in the cities of the global south. The existing literature on water provisioning in Indian cities is mostly skewed towards the megacities. The million plus cities, which are the new sites of ‘urbanization’, are less studied. In this context, the article analyzes the current scenario of drinking water provisioning in Patna and attempts to situate the ‘water economies’ in the broader debates on development, state and sustainability.  Patna presents a pertinent case of endemic ‘state failure’ supposedly due to an inept state machinery to manage ‘water economies’ which led to unregulated private and community appropriation of groundwater to meet drinking water needs posing critical sustainability challenges at the city level. The article argues that sustainable development of urban centres will depend on how, in the long run, the unregulated exploitation of natural resources (in this case water) is managed through appropriate ‘institutional mechanism’ and how an equitable water provisioning is ensured to the citizens.
Gingerol Inhibits Serum-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia by Suppressing p38 MAPK Activation
Authors: Jain Manish , Singh Ankita , Singh Vishal , Maurya Preeti , Barthwal Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2015

Purpose: Gingerol inhibits growth of cancerous cells; however, its role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is not known. The present study investigated the effect of gingerol on VSMC proliferation in cell culture and during neointima formation after balloon injury. Method and Results: Rat VSMCs or carotid arteries were harvested at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours of fetal bovine serum (FBS; 10%) stimulation or balloon injury, respectively. Gingerol prevented FBS (10%)-induced proliferation of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner (50 μmol/L-400 μmol/L). The FBS-induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) upregulation and p27Kip1 downregulation were also attenuated in gingerol (200 μmol/L) pretreated cells. Fetal bovine serum-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, PCNA upregulation, and p27Kip1 downregulation were abrogated in gingerol (200 μmol/L) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580, 10 μmol/L) pretreated cells. Balloon injury induced time-dependent p38 MAPK activation in the carotid artery. Pretreatment with gingerol (200 μmol/L) significantly attenuated injury-induced p38 MAPK activation, PCNA upregulation, and p27Kip1 downregulation. After 14 days of balloon injury, intimal thickening, neointimal proliferation, and endothelial dysfunction were significantly prevented in gingerol pretreated arteries. In isolated organ bath studies, gingerol (30 nmol/L-300 μmol/L) inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions and induced dose-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings in a partially endothelium-dependent manner. Conclusion: Gingerol prevented FBS-induced VSMC proliferation and balloon injury-induced neointima formation by regulating p38 MAPK. Vasodilator effect of gingerol observed in the thoracic aorta was partially endothelium dependent. Gingerol is thus proposed as an attractive agent for modulating VSMC proliferation, vascular reactivity, and progression of vascular proliferative diseases.
Serum cobalamin concentrations and small intestinal ultrasound changes in 75 cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Jugan Maria C , August John R 
Published: August 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic changes in the small intestine of cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and low or low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations. Methods Records for client-owned cats presenting to the small animal hospital with signs of gastrointestinal disease and in which serum cobalamin concentrations were measured from 2000–2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l, abdominal ultrasound within 1 month of cobalamin testing and definitive diagnosis. Results Of 751 serum cobalamin measurements, hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin was identified in 270 cats, abdominal ultrasound was performed in 207 of those cats and a diagnosis was available for 75 of them. Small intestinal ultrasound changes were detected in 49/75 (65%) cats. Abnormalities included thickening, loss of wall layer definition, echogenicity alterations and discrete masses. Serum cobalamin concentrations <500 ng/l were observed with diagnoses of inflammatory disease, neoplasia, infectious disease and normal histopathology. Cobalamin concentration was significantly lower in cats with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease compared with other gastrointestinal neoplasia ( P = 0.031). No difference was found between cobalamin concentration and the presence of ultrasound abnormalities, specific ultrasound changes or albumin concentration. Conclusions and relevance One-third of symptomatic cats with hypocobalaminemia or low–normal cobalamin concentrations may have an ultrasonographically normal small intestine. For the majority of cats in this study, histopathologic abnormalities were observed in the small intestine, regardless of ultrasound changes. These findings suggest gastrointestinal disease should not be excluded based on low–normal cobalamin concentrations, even with a concurrent normal ultrasound examination. Additional studies are needed in cats with low–normal serum cobalamin concentrations, as a definitive diagnosis was not pursued consistently in those cats. However, data from this study suggest that careful monitoring, histopathologic evaluation and future cobalamin supplementation may be warranted.
Validating Neuro-QoL short forms and targeted scales with people who have multiple sclerosis
Authors: Miller Deborah M , Bethoux Francois , Victorson David , Nowinski Cindy J , Buono Sarah , Lai Jin-Shei , Wortman Katy , Burns James L , Moy Claudia , Cella David 
Published: August 2015

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling disease of the central nervous system with dramatic variations in the combination and severity of symptoms it can produce. The lack of reliable disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures for use in clinical trials prompted the development of the Neurology Quality of Life (Neuro-QOL) instrument, which includes 13 scales that assess physical, emotional, cognitive, and social domains, for use in a variety of neurological illnesses. Objective: The objective of this research paper is to conduct an initial assessment of the reliability and validation of the Neuro-QOL short forms (SFs) in MS. Methods: We assessed reliability, concurrent validity, known groups validity, and responsiveness between cross-sectional and longitudinal data in 161 recruited MS patients. Results: Internal consistency was high for all measures (α = 0.81–0.95) and ICCs were within the acceptable range (0.76–0.91); concurrent and known groups validity were highest with the Global HRQL question. Longitudinal assessment was limited by the lack of disease progression in the group. Conclusions: The Neuro-QOL SFs demonstrate good internal consistency, test-re-test reliability, and concurrent and known groups validity in this MS population, supporting the validity of Neuro-QOL in adults with MS.
Public perceptions of pharmacist expanded scope of practice services in Nova Scotia
Authors: Bishop Andrea C. , Boyle Todd A. , Morrison Bobbi , Barker James R. , Zwicker Bev , Mahaffey Tom , Murphy Andrea 
Published: August 2015

Background: Community pharmacists have been transitioning from traditional dispensing roles toward a much broader scope of practice. The objective of this research was to explore public perceptions of expanded scope of practice (ESOP) services as they relate to pharmacy and pharmacist characteristics. Methods: The Survey on New Services Offered by Nova Scotia Pharmacists was developed and deployed using in-pharmacy intercept surveys and online public surveys in Nova Scotia. The survey focused on 4 key ESOP elements/services: 1) prescribing for minor ailments (ambulatory conditions), 2) injections and vaccinations, 3) prescription renewals and 4) medication reviews. Data were analyzed using comparisons between groups (multivariate analysis of variance) and principal component analysis. Results: A total of 385 surveys were obtained from the public regarding their perceptions and use of ESOP services (online n = 237, in-pharmacy intercept n = 148). A number of significant differences were found on the basis of respondent sex, age and the location of survey deployment. Discussion: Overall, public perceptions of pharmacists’ knowledge and skills in providing ESOP services are positive. A pharmacist’s ability to communicate, protect confidentiality and provide quality information regarding medications is important to the public. Conclusion: Respondents who already have a good relationship with their pharmacist are more likely to see value in ESOP services. Future public education strategies should focus on factors positively affecting the public’s perceptions of ESOP services and should encourage public use of these services through intentional patient education of the benefits of ESOP services and strengthening of the patient-provider relationship.
Modification of Practice Patterns after Analysis of Risk Factors Improved ACLR Outcomes
Authors: Kaeding Christopher C. , Pedroza Angela , Hewett Timothy E. , Reinke Emily , Huston Laura J. ,   MOON knee Group
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Retear of an ACL after an ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is devastating for all involved. Understanding risk factors and predictors of subsequent graft tear after an ACLR is vital for patient education of subsequent risk of injury and if modifiable risk factors are identified, adjustments can be made to minimize the risk of repeat ACL tear. The objective of this study was to compare retear risk between 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 MOON cohorts to determine if after an analysis of risk factors in the 2002-2003 cohort, a shift in clinical practice changed the risk profile of ACL graft tear in the 2007-2008 cohort. The 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 cohorts are subsets of a larger MOON cohort. Methods: The prospectively collected data of the 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 primary ACLRs with >80% two year follow-up was analyzed. Graft type (autograft bone patellar bone (BTB), autograft hamstring, allograft), age, Marx score at time of index surgery, and sex were evaluated to determine their relative contributions to ipsilateral retear in the 2002-2003 cohort and 2007-2008 cohort separately. An ANOVA with post-hoc analysis was performed to detect significant differences in age and Marx score at time of index surgery by graft type between the 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 cohorts. Results: A total of 1758 subjects met all inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean age of subjects that received allograft rose by 8 years (p<0.01) from the 2002-2003 cohort to the 2007-2008 cohort, whereas the mean age of subjects that received BTB and hamstring remained constant over time [Fig 1]. The mean Marx score of subjects receiving allograft dropped by 2.7 points (p<0.01) from the 2002-2003 cohort to the 2007-2008, whereas the mean Marx score of cohort subjects that received BTB and hamstring remained constant over time [Fig 2]. Thus in 2002-2003, there were 38/815 (4.7%) retears compared to 34/943 (3.6%) in 2007-2008. The odds of retear for allograft subjects was 9.27 times higher compared to BTB autograft in the 2002-2003 cohort (p<0.01), which decreased to 5.63 times higher in the 2007-2008 cohort (p=0.01) [Table 1]. Conclusion: Age, activity, and graft type have been identified as predictors of increased risk of ipsilateral graft failure after ACLR. Allograft use in young active patients was shown to be a risk factor for graft tear in the 2002-2003 cohort. Subsequent to this determination, graft choice changed to use allografts in older and less active patients, which resulted in an associated decrease in graft tear risk in the 2007-2008 cohort. The risk of ACL graft retear was lower for all graft types in the 2007-2008 cohort compared to 2002-2003 cohort.