bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the operating characteristics of diesel engines with chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles dispersed in Mesua ferrea biodiesel: an experimental and predictive approach using ANNs and RSM
Authors: Kari Jagadish , Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala , Sagari Jaikumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of using biodiesel from Mesua ferrea (BD20) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles in diesel engines. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to make precise predictions of the operating parameters. The amount of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was set at 80 mg/L, and surfactant and dispersant were applied to the nanoparticles in the same amounts. The study was carried out with different compression ratios and load conditions. The parameters evaluated were engine load, fuel samples and compression ratio as inputs and BTE, BSFC, CP, NHRR, CO, UHC, NO
x
and smoke opacity as outputs. The addition of the QPAN80 additive at the same dosage of 80 mg/L together with the BD20 fuel blend containing Cr2O3 at a concentration of 80 mg/L resulted in a significant increase in BTE by 16.58 % and a reduction in BSFC by 0.58 %. While the NHRR increased by 85.40 %, the CP increased sharply by 24.47 %. The CO concentration decreased by 31.85 %, the UHC concentration by 22.22 %, the NO
x
concentration by 6.16 % and the smoke emission by 62.61 %. For each output parameter, the correlation coefficient (R
2), calculated using ANNs and RSM was between 0.96 and 0.98. The observed range of values demonstrates a robust correlation between the experimental data and the predicted outcomes.
Social vulnerability and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Kouba Insaf , Del Pozzo Jaclyn , Alvarez Alejandro , Keller Nathan A. , Palmer Alexis , Bracero Luis A. , Blitz Matthew J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
There are limited data on how neighborhood-level risk factors affect the likelihood of having prenatal diagnosis. Neighborhood social vulnerability can be quantified and ranked using the social vulnerability index (SVI), a tool that measures the cumulative effect of external stressors in the local environment that may affect health outcomes. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between SVI and prenatal diagnosis among pregnant patients who received genetic counseling.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of all pregnant patients who had genetic counseling at two hospitals in New York between January 2019 and December 2022. For each patient, the address of residence was linked to an SVI score (primary exposure) based on census tract. SVI scores were subdivided into fifths and analyzed categorically. The primary outcome was prenatal diagnosis (yes/no). Multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results
A total of 5,935 patients were included for analysis and 231 (3.9 %) had prenatal diagnosis. On regression analysis, no association between SVI and prenatal diagnosis was observed. Patients who had a diagnostic procedure were more likely to be English speaking (aOR 1.80; 95 % CI 1.13–2.87), carriers of a genetic disorder (aOR 1.94; 95 % CI 1.32–2.86), had increased NT (aOR 6.89; 95 % CI 3.65–13.00), abnormal NIPS (aOR 9.58; 95 % CI 5.81–15.80), or had fetal structural anomalies (aOR 10.60; 95 % CI 6.62–16.96). No differences were seen based on race and ethnicity group, insurance type, or marital status.

Conclusions
SVI score does not affect rate of prenatal diagnosis. Findings may differ in other geographic regions and populations.
Request for confirmation sequences in Low German
Authors: Weber Kathrin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article examines request for confirmation (RfC) sequences in Low German (LoG) conversation, a dialect variety of German. The study is based on both a quantitative analysis of 200 RfC instances and a qualitative analysis of selected excerpts in the framework of conversation analysis (CA). As for the question design of RfCs, declarative and phrasal formats, as well as modulations and tags prevail in the LoG data. Concerning the response design, LoG is characterized as a polarity system in which language contact with the high variety plays a decisive role in the answer possibility space. In particular, High German response tokens are predominantly used as unmarked response types, while LoG response tokens are deployed as marked types. Moreover, LoG seems to be a language between the poles of token- and repeat-type languages. Full repeats index different degrees of ‘markedness’ in LoG interaction. Contrary to previous studies on polar answers, repeats in LoG are frequently deployed as unmarked responses in subordinate lines of actions. Repeats are also used as more marked answers after understanding displays. This article attempts to stress the importance of investigating non-standard languages and variety contact in CA, thereby addressing the monolingual bias in research on polar questions.
Invariant analysis of the multidimensional Martinez Alonso–Shabat equation
Authors: Abbas Naseem , Hussain Akhtar , Waseem Akram Muhammad , Muhammad Shah , Shuaib Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This present study is concerned with the group-invariant solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Martinez Alonso–Shabat equation by using the Lie symmetry method. The Lie transformation technique is used to deduce the infinitesimals, Lie symmetry operators, commutation relations, and symmetry reductions. The optimal system for the obtained Lie symmetry algebra is obtained by using the concept of the adjoint map. As for now, the considered model equation is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in two cases in the symmetry reductions. The exact closed-form solutions are obtained by applying constraint conditions on the symmetry generators. Due to the presence of arbitrary functional parameters, these group-invariant solutions are displayed based on suitable numerical simulations. The conservation laws are obtained by using the multiplier method. The conclusion is accounted for toward the end.
Untersuchungen zur Mindestspanungsdicke beim kryogenen Hartdrehen von Wälzlagerstahl
Authors: Grossmann Felix , Kirsch Benjamin , Uebel Julian , Seewig Jörg , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cryogenic hard turning is used for finishing AISI 52100. Its high hardness, good strength and wear resistance make it ideal for the use in rolling technology. If no post-processing is carried out, a good surface finish must be achieved by turning at low cutting depths and feed rates. This paper analyzes the process forces and temperatures as well as the resulting surface roughness during cryogenic hard turning of AISI52100. The results indicate that the minimum chip thickness lies between 10 and 25 μm.
Hochpräzise Funktionsflächen an CFK-Bauteilen
Authors: Kilian Leonie , Fehn Patrick , Bischop Floyd Daniel , Brouschkin Alexander , Dege Jan Hendrik , Krause Dieter , Weigold Matthias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With increasing demands on the power density of electrical drive systems metal materials commonly used in mechanical engineering are reaching their performance limits. Further improvements can be achieved using carbon fiberreinforced polymers (CFRP). To enable their use in industrial practice, the SPOTLIGHT project focuses on the manufacturing and grinding of high-precision functional surfaces of CFRP components. The CFRP components are evaluated through drive technology demonstrators.
Prozesssicheres Zerspanen –auch bei instabilen Bedingungen
Authors: Beckenlechner Robert , Rossaint Jens 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unstable conditions lead to increased vibrations in the machining process. The greater the vibration, the worse the surface quality and the higher the tool wear. This article shows the influence of various stability parameters and derives tips for process stabilization in practice. The manufacturer‘s information on cutting parameters, which are usually based on optimal conditions, play a crucial role.
Transient synovitis associated with leuprolide depot (Lupron)
Authors: Steen Erica A , Phillips Susan A 
Published: August 2024

Summary
A 6.6-year-old female presented to endocrinology with precocious puberty for evaluation and management. Workup was initiated, and a diagnosis of central precocious puberty was confirmed. A decision was made to initiate pubertal blockade using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy with depot leuprolide acetate injections every 3 months. The patient received the first depot leuprolide acetate injection in the right ventrogluteal area. Six hours following the injection, the patient was reported to be inconsolable in pain, which was localized to the right hip site of the earlier injection and associated with a refusal to ambulate. The pain and discomfort continued to progress over the next 24 h despite an alternating regimen of Tylenol and ibuprofen prompting admission to the emergency department. Vital signs demonstrated a low-grade fever and elevated C-reactive protein. An ultrasound of the right hip demonstrated fluid accumulation within the joint. Over the next week, the patient was unable to walk independently and required assistance for activities of daily living. By 2 weeks after the injection, the pain began to remit, and the patient resumed activities of daily living. Following consultation with allergy, a decision was made to continue GnRHa suppressive therapy with an alternative analog (Triptodur). The patient tolerated subsequent treatment without reaction.

Learning points

Although gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) have a generally good safety profile, there is a history of both local and systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with their use.

Despite the long-acting formulation of depot leuprolide acetate, the systemic reaction in this case appears to be self-limited.

Discontinuation of therapy or a change to an alternative formulation of GnRHa analog should be considered based on the need for therapy versus the potential risk of rechallenge.
The exposure of lead nitrate on germination and vigor processes of Helianthus (sunflower) and Lathyrus (pea) seeds
Authors:   Lviv National Environmental University, 1 Volodymyra Velykoho str., Dublyany, Lviv region, 80831, Ukraine, Khirivskyi P. R. , Korinets Yu. Ya. ,   Lviv National Environmental University, 1 Volodymyra Velykoho str., Dublyany, Lviv region, 80831, Ukraine, Mishchenko B. D. ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, 3 Sonyachna str., Vinnytsya, 21008, Ukraine, Krektun B. V. ,   Lviv National Environmental University, 1 Volodymyra Velykoho str., Dublyany, Lviv region, 80831, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

It is hereby studied the exposure of lead ions on germination and growth viability of helianthus and lathyrus seeds in laboratory conditions. Certain tendencies have been revealed showing the impact of different doses of the lead ions on germination of helianthus and lathyrus as well as on the length of the root and sprout in germinating the seed. Furthermore, a particular decrease (P<0.99) in the helianthus seed germination was observed under the lead exposure at the concentration of 5×10–3 mol/L. Whereas, at the lead ions concentration in their amount from 5×10–6 mol/L to 5×10–4 mol/L, no considerable influence on helianthus and lathyrus seed germination was noticed. However, the helianthus and lathyrus root length has been exposed by the lead ions more significantly. It was noticed that the helianthus root had significantly decreased in length at the lead ions concentration of 5×10–3 mol/L, 5×10–4 mol/L, 5×10–5 mol/L and 5×10–6 mol/L (P<0.999, P<0.999, P<0.99 and P<0.999, respectively). The difference in terms of the lathyrus root length at 5×10–3 mol/L, 5×10–4 mol/L, 5×10–5 mol/L and 5×10–6 mol/L concentration of lead ions was found significant (P<0.955, P<0.99, P<0.95 and P<0.99, respectively). The study results with regard to the exposure of different doses of the lead nitrate on the average length of the helianthus sprout showed an significant difference rate (P<0.999) in these values at the lead ions concentration in the solution of 5×10–3 mol/L, 5×10–5 mol/L and 5×10–6 mol/L. There was no significant difference between the lathyrus sprout length under the lead ions exposure between 5×10–6 mol/L and 5×10–3 mol/L. Thus, as far as the research results are concerned, there has been highlighted a significant lead nitrate exposure on economically useful indicators of the helianthus and lathyrus growing. A clear tendency of the lead nitrate impact on the helianthus and lathyrus seed germination and on their root and sprout length was revealed.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–B Blockade with CSL346 in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Cooper Melisa , Cherney David Z.I. , Greene Tom H. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Jardine Meg , Lewis Julia B. , Wong Muh Geot , Baquero Elbalejandra , Heise Mark , Jochems Jeanine , Lanchoney Diana , Liss Charles , Reiser David , Scotney Pierre , Velkoska Elena , Dwyer Jamie P. 
Published: August 2024

Key Points

The vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibitor CSL346 (8 or 16 mg/kg q4w) did not reduce urinary albumin-creatinine ratio at week 16 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease.CSL346 was generally well tolerated at both doses; however, CSL346 (16 mg/kg) significantly increased diastolic BP versus placebo.

Background
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) expression in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with increased lipid deposition in glomerular podocytes. Reducing VEGF-B activity in animal models of DKD using an anti–VEGF-B antibody improved histological evidence of glomerular injury and reduced albuminuria, effects attributed to prevention of ectopic lipid deposition in the kidney. CSL346 is a novel humanized monoclonal antibody that binds VEGF-B with high affinity. Targeting VEGF-B in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may improve DKD progression markers.

Methods
An international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study (NCT04419467) assessed CSL346 (8 or 16 mg/kg subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 12 weeks) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥150 mg/g (17.0 mg/mmol), and eGFR >20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Efficacy, safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CSL346 were evaluated. The primary analysis compared the change from baseline in log-transformed UACR between the two CSL346 dose groups combined versus placebo at week 16.

Results
In total, 114 participants were randomized. CSL346 did not significantly reduce UACR compared with placebo at week 16 (combined CSL346 group difference from placebo [95% confidence interval], 4.0% [−14.7 to 26.8]). Furthermore, no effect was seen in participant subgroups (degree of kidney impairment or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use) or on urinary biomarkers reflecting proximal tubular injury. CSL346 was generally well tolerated; however, diastolic BP was significantly higher with CSL346 16 mg/kg versus placebo from week 2 onward, with differences ranging from +3.8 to +5.3 mm Hg (P = 0.002 at week 16).

Conclusions
CSL346 did not reduce UACR compared with placebo at 16 weeks in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DKD and was associated with an increase in diastolic BP.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
VEGF-B Blockade with the Monoclonal Antibody CSL346 in Subjects with DKD, NCT04419467.
A prospective observational study on efficacy of ulipristal acetate in treatment of uterine fibroids
Authors: Singh Eshna , Khanijo Vandana , Unni Jyothi 
Published: August 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors where management has traditionally been surgical. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is a new, effective, and well-tolerated option for the preoperative treatment of moderate and severe symptoms of uterine fibroids. Objectives were to study the utility of UPA in treatment of uterine fibroids.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in women aged 18-50 years presenting with menstrual abnormalities with fibroids to Jehangir Hospital, from 01 December 2017 to 30 September 2019. The 50 premenopausal women with at least one fibroid ≥3 cm in diameter and <8 cm, with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) or pain were included. 5 mg of UPA was given once daily for a period 3 months. Primary outcome was to determine symptomatic relief.
Results: Uterine bleeding was controlled in 96% patients whereas 100% had pain relief. Reduction of fibroid volume and size was noted in 60% patients. Favourable outcomes were seen in more cases of intramural fibroids as compared to sub-serosal and submucosal fibroids.
Conclusions: UPA proved to be an effective drug for symptomatic relief in patients with uterine fibroids. Although 60% patients showed reduction in fibroid size, the amount of reduction was not very significant in most of the patients.
Satisfaction with Distance Learning: an Analysis through Graduates at UFSM
Authors: Pontes Vanessa da Silva , Vieira Kelmara , Matheis Taiane Keila , Bender Filho Reisoli , Ribeiro Victor Matheus Portela 
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed how pleased graduate students are in courses offered by Open University of Brazil, Santa Maria University (UFSM). Methodologically, we applied descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression in a sample of 712 graduates. Results showed that graduates are satisfied with the chosen course and indicated that the main determinant is related to the quality of teaching. Conversely, satisfaction was lower for non-white graduates, which included cultural and social issues related to black ethnicity, and for those who, at some point during the course, thought about dropping out. It is expected that the knowledge of the determinants of graduates’ (dis)satisfaction may contribute to the settlement of strategies that aim to increase students’ satisfaction and the retention levels.

Keywords: Distance learning. Degree of student satisfaction. Graduates. Higher education.
SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF THE FAMILY FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPING A CIVILISED SOCIETY
Authors: Bariyah Oneng Nurul , Al Farisi Usman 
Published: August 2024

Permasalahan Keluarga yang terjadi dalam masyarakat sangat mempengaruhi tatanan kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Tingginya Kasus perceraian dan Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga meningkatkan tingginya angka perceraian. Terjadinya keretakan keluarga sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial sehingga tidak selaras dengan tujuan keluarga dalam ajaran Islam. Oleh karena itu, paper ini menjelaskan aspek-aspek spiritual keluarga dan perannya sebagai basik pembentukan masyarakat beradab. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif filosofis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan sebagai awal terbentuknya keluarga merupakan salah satu hal yang dapat mempengaruhi bangunan keluarga yang sesuai dengan syari’at Islam. Pernikahan dalam Islam berlandaskan nilai-nilai ilahiyah tauhidiyah. Sehingga keluarga yang dibangun bernilai ibadah. Aspek spiritualitas menjiwai seluruh aktifitas anggota keluarga baik sebagai suami, isteri, maupun anak-anak. Tatanan keluarga dibangun secara terencana meliputi aspek spiritual, material, maupun psikologis. Terlaksananya fungsi-fungsi keluarga dengan baik menjadi faktor penentu terbangunnya masyarakat yang beradab. Keluarga sebagai tempat awal Pendidikan menentukan bangunan masyarakat yang berpendidikan sehingga mampu melakukan inovasi sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat. Faktor Pendidikan berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan material masyarakat sehingga kemajuan dapat tercapai. Peradaban masyarakat yang maju ditentukan oleh kemampuan keluarga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi. Terpenuhinya kebutuhan primer keluarga seperti sandang, pangan, dan papan dengan berlandaskan nilai-nilai ketuhanan merupakan pondasi terbentuknya masyarakat yang beradab.
Cerebral blood flow and cognition after three months tadalafil treatment in small vessel disease (ETLAS-2): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Ölmestig Joakim , Mortensen Kristian Nygaard , Fagerlund Birgitte , Naveed Nadia , Nordling Mette Maria , Christensen Hanne , Iversen Helle Klingenberg , Poulsen Mai Bang , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Kruuse Christina Rostrup 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Targeted treatment is highly warranted for cerebral small vessel disease, a causal factor of one in four strokes and a major contributor to vascular dementia. Patients with cerebral small vessel disease have impaired cerebral blood flow and vessel reactivity. Tadalafil is a specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor shown to improve vascular reactivity in the brain.
Methods: The ETLAS-2 trial is a phase 2 double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, parallel trial with feasibility of tadalafil as the primary outcome. The trial aims to include 100 patients with small vessel occlusion stroke or transitory ischemic attacks and signs of cerebral small vessel disease more than six months before administration of study medication. Patients are treated for three months with tadalafil 20 mg or placebo daily and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate changes in small vessel disease according to the Standards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) criteria as well as cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reactivity, and neurovascular coupling in a functional MRI sub-study. The investigation includes comprehensive cognitive testing using paper-pencil tests and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)-tests in a cognitive sub-study.
Discussion: The ETLAS-2 trial tests the feasibility of long-term treatment with tadalafil and explores vascular and cognitive effects in cerebral small vessel disease in trial sub-studies. The study aims to propose a new treatment target and improve the understanding of small vessel disease. Currently, 64 patients have been included and the trial is estimated to be completed in year 2024.
Trial registration: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05173896).
Direct observation of liquid-liquid phase coexistence in deeply supercooled water using an accurate polarizable multipole model
Authors: Wang Lee-Ping , Berrens Margaret , Donadio Davide 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Liquid water can be supercooled up to about 50~K below the melting point before undergoing homogeneous ice nucleation. Based on experimental thermodynamic observations and computer simulations it was hypothesized that below this temperature and at pressures of several kbar water undergoes a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) and the transition line ends at a second critical point. However, challenges in experiments and simulations at such deep cooling leave doubts about the nature of the LLPT and the existence of the critical point.
Here we use molecular dynamics simulations with a highly accurate and computationally efficient polarizable water model to establish the character of the LLPT and identify the location of the second critical point. Our microsecond-long simulations provide the first direct evidence of a well-defined moving interface between low-density and high-density water at conditions near the phase boundary. This is the ultimate proof of a first-order transition between two liquid phases with distinct free energy basins separated by a barrier, resolving a long-standing debate.
These results provide new perspectives on supercooled water under pressure simulated with an accurate and realistic model suitable for studies of water in confined geological and biological environments.