bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
À propos de Jean Chauvin (1895-1958) et de son livre Ateliers (1928)
Authors: Lacroix Laurier 
Published: April 2015

Le journaliste et directeur de La Revue populaire, Jean Chauvin, publie en 1928 un ouvrage qui fait date en histoire de l’art du Québec. Ateliers regroupe un ensemble de comptes rendus de visites auprès de peintres, sculpteurs et architectes, principalement montréalais. La publication est rendue possible grâce à l’ambitieux programme éditorial de Louis Carrier, propriétaire des Éditions du Mercure, qui ne ménage aucun effort pour faire de ce livre une des publications parmi les plus réussies portant sur l’art moderne au pays.
Chauvin a déjà fait paraître onze entretiens dans son magazine en 1927 mais,
pour cette publication, il double le nombre d’artistes rencontrés dans leur atelier. Le
résultat offre une suite de portraits intimistes des créateurs observés dans leur lieu de
travail. L’auteur concentre ses questions sur des aspects liés à leur formation, à leur
production courante, aux genres traités, aux influences reçues et à l’autoperception
de chacun par rapport à la scène artistique locale et canadienne. Il combine les figures
d’artistes chevronnés avec celles d’intervenants plus jeunes, ce qui fournit l’image
d’un milieu en transformation alors que les intérêts des aînés pour certains types de
sujets se transforment en raison d’autres préoccupations envers la vie contemporaine
traitée avec de nouveaux moyens formels.
Dans la transcription de ces conversations, Chauvin cite directement ou
indirectement les artistes, mais il insère également des notes tirées d’autres critiques
ou historiens d’art ou encore des observations provenant de la littérature. Il en résulte
un portrait d’une société de créateurs bien au fait des enjeux qui concernent l’art et
son rôle dans la société. Le livre tiré à 1 000 exemplaires connut une importante
réception critique à la hauteur de la réputation de Chauvin, un homme engagé dans
le milieu culturel et fort respecté pour ses actions en journalisme et auprès des
institutions artistiques.
Biological impact of recurrent sexually transmitted infections on HIV seroconversion among women in South Africa: results from frailty models
Authors: Wand Handan , Ramjee Gita 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionUnderstanding the impact of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on HIV transmissibility is essential for effective HIV prevention programs. Investigating the impact of longitudinally measured recurrent STIs on HIV seroconversion is the interest of the current paper.MethodsIn this prospective study, data from a total of 1456 HIV‐negative women who enrolled in a HIV biomedical trial were used. It was hypothesized that women who had recurrent STI diagnoses during the study share a common biological heterogeneity which cannot be quantified. To incorporate this “unobserved” correlation in the analysis, times to HIV seroconversion were jointly modelled with repeated STI diagnoses using Cox regression with random effects.Results and discussionA total of 110 HIV seroconversions were observed (incidence rate of 6.00 per 100 person‐years). In a multivariable model, women who were diagnosed at least once were more likely to seroconvert compared to those who had no STI diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR): 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.57]; women who had recurrent STI diagnoses during the study were 2.5 times more likely to be at increased risk of HIV infection (95% CI: 1.35, 4.01) with an estimatedfrailtyvariance of 1.52, withp<0.001, indicating strong evidence that there is a significant correlation (heterogeneity) among women who had recurrent STIs. In addition to this, factors associated with incidence of STIs, namely not being married and having a new sexual partner during the study follow‐up, were all significantly associated with increased risk for HIV seroconversion (HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.76, 5.01 and HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.63, 3.83 respectively).ConclusionsThe results indicated that women who were at risk for STIs were also at risk of HIV infection. In fact, they share the similar risk factors. In addition to this, repeated STI diagnoses also increased women’s susceptibility for HIV infection significantly. Decreasing STIs by increasing uptake of testing and treatment and reducing partner change plays a significant role in the trajectory of the epidemic.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Residual Blood Flow to Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Treatment With Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Drug‐Eluting Beads
Authors: Shaw Colette M. , Eisenbrey John R. , Lyshchik Andrej , O'Kane Patrick L. , Merton Daniel A. , Machado Priscilla , Pino Laura , Brown Daniel B. , Forsberg Flemming 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy and change over time of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging for assessing residual blood flow after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with drug‐eluting beads at 2 different follow‐up intervals.MethodsData from 16 tumors treated by transarterial chemoembolization with drug‐eluting beads were successfully obtained. As part of the study, patients provided consent to undergo contrast‐enhanced US examinations the morning before embolization, 1 to 2 weeks after embolization, and the morning before follow‐up contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) (1 month after embolization). Blinded review of contrast‐enhanced US and MRI/CT studies were performed by 2 radiologists who evaluated residual flow as no change, partial change, or no residual flow. Inter‐ and intra‐reader variability rates were calculated before discordant individual reads were settled by consensus.ResultsThe only adverse event reported during the contrast‐enhanced US examinations was a single episode of transient back pain. Contrast‐enhanced US at 1 to 2 weeks after embolization (n = 14) resulted in 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Contrast‐enhanced US 1 month after embolization (n = 15) resulted in 75% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 92% negative predictive value, and 93% accuracy. Inter‐reader agreement was 86% for contrast‐enhanced US at 1 to 2 weeks, 93% for contrast‐enhanced US at 1 month, and 100% for contrast‐enhanced MRI/CT at 1 month, whereas intra‐reader agreement was 71% for contrast‐enhanced US at 1 to 2 weeks, 87% for contrast‐enhanced US at 1 month, and 91% for MRI/CT.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced US imaging at 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure may be a viable alternative to MRI/CT for evaluating residual blood flow after transarterial chemoembolization with drug‐eluting beads, albeit with a higher degree of reader variability.
Mantle plume capture, anchoring, and outflow during Galápagos plume‐ridge interaction
Authors: Gibson S. A. , Geist D. J. , Richards M. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCompositions of basalts erupted between the main zone of Galápagos plume upwelling and adjacent Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) provide important constraints on dynamic processes involved in transfer of deep‐mantle‐sourced material to mid‐ocean ridges. We examine recent basalts from central and northeast Galápagos including some that have less radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions than plume‐influenced basalts (E‐MORB) from the nearby ridge. We show that the location of E‐MORB, greatest crustal thickness, and elevated topography on the GSC correlates with a confined zone of low‐velocity, high‐temperature mantle connecting the plume stem and ridge at depths of ∼100 km. At this site on the ridge, plume‐driven upwelling involving deep melting of partially dehydrated, recycled ancient oceanic crust, plus plate‐limited shallow melting of anhydrous peridotite, generate E‐MORB and larger amounts of melt than elsewhere on the GSC. The first‐order control on plume stem to ridge flow is rheological rather than gravitational, and strongly influenced by flow regimes initiated when the plume was on axis (>5 Ma). During subsequent northeast ridge migration material upwelling in the plume stem appears to have remained “anchored” to a contact point on the GSC. This deep, confined NE plume stem‐to‐ridge flow occurs via a network of melt channels, embedded within the normal spreading and advection of plume material beneath the Nazca plate, and coincides with locations of historic volcanism. Our observations require a more dynamically complex model than proposed by most studies, which rely on radial solid‐state outflow of heterogeneous plume material to the ridge.
Enhanced glutathione production by evolutionary engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Patzschke Anett , Steiger Matthias G. , Holz Caterina , Lang Christine , Mattanovich Diethard , Sauer Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlutathione is an important natural tripeptide mainly used because of its antioxidative properties. Commercial glutathione is microbially synthesized by yeasts and the growing demand requires the development of new production strains. An adaptive laboratory evolution strategy using acrolein as a selection agent was employed to obtain strains with an enhanced glutathione accumulation phenotype accompanied by an acrolein resistance phenotype. Two particularly interesting isolates were obtained: one with a high volumetric productivity for glutathione reaching 8.3 mgglutathione/L h, which is twice as high as the volumetric productivity of its parental strain. This strain reached an elevated intracellular glutathione content of 3.9%. A second isolate with an even higher acrolein tolerance exhibited a lower volumetric productivity of 5.8 mgglutathione/L h due to a growth phenotype. However, this evolved strain accumulated glutathione in 3.3‐fold higher concentration compared to its parental strain and reached a particularly high glutathione content of almost 6%. The presented results demonstrate that acrolein is a powerful selection agent to obtain high glutathione accumulation strains in an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment.
Modulating secretory pathway pH by proton channel co‐expression can increase recombinant protein stability in plants
Authors: Jutras Philippe V. , D'Aoust Marc‐André , Couture Manon M.‐J. , Vézina Louis‐Philippe , Goulet Marie‐Claire , Michaud Dominique , Sainsbury Frank 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEukaryotic expression systems are used for the production of complex secreted proteins. However, recombinant proteins face considerable biochemical challenges along the secretory pathway, including proteolysis and pH variation between organelles. As the use of synthetic biology matures into solutions for protein production, various host‐cell engineering approaches are being developed to ameliorate host‐cell factors that can limit recombinant protein quality and yield. We report the potential of the influenza M2 ion channel as a novel tool to neutralize the pH in acidic subcellular compartments. Using transient expression in the plant host, Nicotiana benthamiana, we show that ion channel expression can significantly raise pH in the Golgi apparatus and that this can have a strong stabilizing effect on a fusion protein separated by an acid‐susceptible linker peptide. We exemplify the utility of this effect in recombinant protein production using influenza hemagglutinin subtypes differentially stable at low pH; the expression of hemagglutinins prone to conformational change in mildly acidic conditions is considerably enhanced by M2 co‐expression. The co‐expression of a heterologous ion channel to stabilize acid‐labile proteins and peptides represents a novel approach to increasing the yield and quality of secreted recombinant proteins in plants and, possibly, in other eukaryotic expression hosts.
Receptor occupancy and blocking of STAT5 signaling by an anti‐IL‐7 receptor α antibody in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Kern Brent , Li Wenlin , Bono Christine , Lee Li‐Fen , Kraynov Eugenia 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundInterleukin‐7 receptor α (IL‐7Rα) is associated with autoimmune disease. Blocking its activation by interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) with a therapeutic monoclonal antibody may reduce pathogenic T cells and effectively control the autoimmune response in these disorders.MethodsTwo flow cytometry‐based assays were developed and implemented to evaluate the interaction between cell surface IL‐7Rα and an anti‐IL‐7Rα monoclonal antibody (Ab1). The receptor occupancy assay utilized competing and noncompeting commercial detection antibodies for “free” and “total” IL‐7Rα, respectively. STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) was measured as a proximal biomarker of IL‐7Rα inhibition by Ab1.ResultsMonkeys administered Ab1 had no free IL‐7Rα detectable on the CD3+ T cell surface at 0.25 hours postdose through day 4, in all treatment groups. Ab1 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in total IL‐7Rα, dropping to 53%, 44%, and 55% on day 4 at 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg, respectively, compared to predose levels. There were treatment‐related decreases in the ability of IL‐7 to induce STAT5 phosphorylation in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in monkey blood samples from all treated animals from 0.25 hours through Day 4 postdose.ConclusionsThe nonclinical receptor occupancy assay was developed and applied to detect free and total IL‐7Rα on the surface of CD3+ T cells in cynomolgus monkeys treated with Ab1. The results showed good correlation with the phosphorylation of STAT5 and serum concentration of Ab1. The approach for IL‐7Rα occupancy and pSTAT5 measurements established in monkeys can be utilized in clinical trials for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of Ab1 effect in humans. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The Host – Guest Interaction Between Cucurbit[7]uril and Ferrocenemonocarboxylic Acid for Electrochemically Catalytic Determination of Glucose
Authors: Tang Yani , Yang Shuai , Zhao Yingying , You Min , Zhang Fan , He Pingang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA simple and sensitive method for glucose determination was described based on the host‐guest inclusive complex of cucurbit[7]uril and ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid. In this work, the mixture of cucurbit[7]uril and graphene oxide, ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid as electron transfer mediator and glucose oxidase as catalytic material were modified successively on the electrode. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response between current intensity and glucose concentrations over a range of 0.1–10 mM was obtained with a relatively low detection limit (27 µM, S/N=3). Meanwhile, this method exhibited high selectivity in the interference investigation, and the reliability and applicability in human serum samples analysis.
Cold water fish gelatin modification by a natural phenolic cross‐linker (ferulic acid and caffeic acid)
Authors: Araghi Maryam , Moslehi Zeinab , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Mostahsan Amir , Salamat Nima , Daraei Garmakhany Amir 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNowadays use of edible films and coatings is increasing due to their biodegradability and environment friendly properties. Fish gelatin obtained from fish skin wastage can be used as an appropriate protein compound for replacing pork gelatin to produce edible film. In this study films were prepared by combination of fish gelatin and different concentration (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) of two phenolic compounds (caffeic acid and ferulic acid). The film was prepared at pH > 10 and temperature of 60˚c under continuous injection of O2 and addition of the plasticizer sorbitol/glycerol. Results showed that solubility, oxygen permeability, and water vapor permeability were decreased for caffeic acid and the highest effect was observed at concentration of 5%. Solubility had a linear relationship with concentration of phenolic compound in film containing ferulic acid, however, no significant change was observed in vapor and O2 permeability. A comparison between two phenolic compounds showed that caffeic acid had the highest effect in decreasing solubility, water vapor permeability, and oxygen permeability. Caffeic acid is more effective phenolic compound compared with Ferulic acid that can increase safety of biodegradable packaging by improving their barrier and physicochemical properties.
Efficient data‐worth analysis for the selection of surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 sequestration system
Authors: Dai Cheng , Li Heng , Zhang Dongxiao , Xue Liang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we propose an approach to selecting an appropriate surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 sequestration, through efficient data‐worth analysis with the probabilistic collocation‐based Kalman Filter (PCKF). A surrogate model with polynomial chaos expansion is constructed by performing a small number of flow simulations, based on which history‐matching is implemented with the observations from the surveillance operations. The proposed approach is demonstrated numerically for selecting a surveillance operation and assessing the reduction of uncertainties in predicting CO2 leakage from abandoned wells during geologic CO2 sequestration. Our results reveal that the proposed approach of data‐worth analysis can be utilized to select an appropriate surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 system, with a small computational effort.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On the mobilization of metals by CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers: exploring release mechanisms by modeling field and laboratory experiments
Authors: Zheng Liange , Spycher Nicolas , Varadharajan Charuleka , Tinnacher Ruth M. , Pugh John D. , Bianchi Marco , Birkholzer Jens , Nico Peter S. , Trautz Robert C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe dissolution of CO2 in water leads to a pH decrease and a carbonate content increase in affected groundwater, which in turn can drive the mobilization of metals from sediments. The mechanisms of metal release postulated in various field and laboratory studies often differ. Drawing primarily on previously published results, we examine contrasting metal mobilization behaviors at two field tests and in one laboratory study, to investigate whether the same mechanisms could explain metal releases in these different experiments. Numerical modeling of the two field tests reveals that fast Ca‐driven cation exchange (from calcite dissolution) can explain the release of most major and trace metal cations at both sites, and their parallel concentration trends. The dissolution of other minerals reacting more slowly (superimposed on cation exchange) also contributes to metal release over longer time frames, but can be masked by fast ambient groundwater velocities. Therefore, the magnitude and extent of mobilization depends not only on metal‐mineral associations and sediment pH buffering characteristics, but also on groundwater flow rates, thus on the residence time of CO2‐impacted groundwater relative to the rates of metal‐release reactions. Sequential leaching laboratory tests modeled using the same metal‐release concept as postulated from field experiments show that both field and laboratory data can be explained by the same processes. The reversibility of metal release upon CO2 degassing by de‐pressurization is also explored using simple geochemical models, and shows that the sequestration of metals by resorption and re‐precipitation upon CO2 exsolution is quite plausible and may warrant further attention. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental isotopes in CO2 geological sequestration
Authors: Li Jie , Pang Zhonghe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) in deep geological formations has recently emerged as an important option for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and due to the complexity of the issue, CCS has turned into a multiple‐discipline research area. Environmental isotopes have been used in various CCS projects worldwide for evaluating trapping mechanisms, selecting storage sites, and monitoring for storage safety. Environmental isotopes are found useful in the investigation of many CCS issues and are particularly effective in identifying phase states (free, dissolved, and mineral state), and in quantifying structural, solubility, and mineral trapping forms of CO2. We used published laboratory results to successfully verify different methods for quantifying structural trapping mechanisms. Our results show that, in short time scales, saturation of the formation with free CO2‐phase can be obtained from oxygen isotope measurements on CO2 and/or reservoir brine, and carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon can be used to trace dissolution in brine. Carbon isotopes and other parameters, such as CO2/3He ratio, can also be used to confirm the mineral trapping mechanism in natural gas fields. Environmental isotopes can also be used to distinguish mineralogical composition of formations, and to identify hydrodynamic conditions for site selection in addition to monitor potential CO2 leakage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Overview of the PV Industry and R&D Strategies in Korea at the 2nd Growth Stage
Authors: Son Chang‐Sik , Moon Hyun‐Ju , Ahn Namsung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhotovoltaics (PV) is the most renowned sustainable energy source in the world. Grid parity has already been realized in some countries in the EU and North America. The annual global PV installation reached 37 GW in 2013, showing a growth rate of 35 %. Even after the period of worldwide liquidation in the PV industry, the annual growth rate of the PV market is expected to exceed 20 %. Not only the EU countries, the conventional early birds in the PV field, but also the countries in the Sunbelt area could join and revitalize the market. The megatrend regarding the PV industry and market can be examined from the perspective of society, culture, economy, technology, environment, system, and policy. Development aspects in the PV industry can be categorized according to the stages of significant changes in technology, industry, and market. Photovoltaics 3.0 indicates that the 2nd growth stage will soon unfold full‐fledged market growth. The PV industry is the core of renewable energy (RE) industry in Korea, which accounts for 73 %, 80 %, and 90 % attribution to employment, sales, and exports, respectively, of the total amount of the RE industry. The PV R&D strategies in Korea put emphasis on the consolidation of the competitive domestic PV technologies, and the expansion of the domestic supply, through: improvement of technical competitiveness and cost reduction in system installation and generation; the creation of new markets through enhancement of commercialized key elemental technologies; the nurturing of the global hidden PV champions through promotion of the healthy ecology of the PV industry; and development of competitive technologies of components, materials, and equipment. To lead the quantum leap of the PV industry, as an act against the future market, we would advance key elemental technologies of next‐generation solar cells and exploit PV fusion systems.
Effects of dietary oat proteins on cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic hamsters
Authors: Tong Li‐Tao , Guo Lina , Zhou Xianrong , Qiu Ju , Liu Liya , Zhong Kui , Zhou Sumei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat proteins (OP) in hamsters fed with a hypercholesterolaemic diet. The hamsters were divided into five groups and fed with the experimental diets containing oat, OP, oat β‐glucan (OG), or OP+OG for 30 days.RESULTSOP and the OG significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and liver total cholesterol (TC), and increased the excretion of faecal bile acid and TC. Plasma and liver TC in the OP+OG group were significantly lower than those in the OP or OG groups. Both OP and OG increased the activity of liver cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1), while its activity in the OP+OG group was strongly increased compared with the OP or OG groups.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that dietary OP could improve hypercholesterolaemia, while dietary OP and OG together would have better hypocholesterolaemic effects. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry