bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEMENINA DE 52 AÑOS CON TUMOR NEUROENDOCRINO DE ILEON
Authors: Zuwolinsky Elguera Raisa , Barrantes León Carlos 
Published: July 2015

<p>Se presenta caso de paciente femenina de 52 años vecina de Cartago quien es referida al hospital Max Peralta Jiménez por dolor abdominal y asociada a masa retroperitoneal, colelitiasis múltiple y hepatomegalia, demostradas por ultrasonido. La paciente se presenta a la consulta del servicio de cirugía general con ictericia obstructiva, se le realiza tomografía axial computarizada demostrando masa de 3 x 4 centímetros en mesogástrio. Se realiza en primera instancia colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) sin hallazgos patológicos y posteriormente es llevada a sala de operaciones en donde se realiza hemicolectomia derecha con resección de íleon terminal con ileotransverso anastomosis y colecistectomia. Los estudios patológicos posteriores demuestran la presencia de tumor neuroendocrino de íleon con invasiónde mesenterio y nódulos linfáticos regionales</p>
Automated Reel-to-Reel Fluidic Self-Assembly for the Production of Solid State Lighting Modules
Authors: Park Se-Chul , Fang Jun , Biswas Shantonu , Mozafari Mahsa , Stauden Thomas , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe report the implementation of an automated reel-to-reel fluidic self-assembly system based on surface-tension driven self-assembly for macroelectronics application. The reported system incorporates precisely controlled and automated agitation, web moving, component recycling, and dispensing system. The system enables continuous parallel assembly of semiconductor chips at a high rate (15,000 chips per hour using 2.5 cm wide web) and assembly yield (>99%) under optimal condition. In principle, scaling to any throughput should be possible considering the parallel nature of self-assembly. The process overcomes the limitations on area and throughput of prior methods. It provides a new platform for macroelectronics to enable the integration of microscopic high performance inorganic semiconductors on flexible substrates with any desired location, pitch, and integration density. As an example we demonstrate the fabrication of a solid state area lighting module.
Influence of Oxygen Content on the Electronic Properties of the PrAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
Authors: Mozaffari Shirin , Monti Mark C. , Guchhait Samaresh , Paster Jeremy W. , Tennant Daniel M. , Markert John T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the effect of oxygen pressure during growth (PO2) on the electronic and magnetic properties of PrAlO3 films grown on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 substrates. The films are smooth, with flat terraces. Resistivity measurements show an increase in the sheet resistance as PO2 is increased from 10–3 to 10–4 torr, with an usual peak as a function of temperature for the sample grown in higher oxygen pressure. We measured a moderate positive magnetoresistance (MR) at low magnetic fields that evolves into a larger negative MR at high fields, for both PO2 samples. Hall effect data exhibit a complex temperature dependence that suggests a compensated carrier density. We observe behavior consistent with two different types of carriers at each of the two different interfaces.
Chemoimmunotherapy for Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue-Type Lymphoma: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Raderer Markus 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background.
Biological treatments, chemoimmunotherapy, and radiotherapy are associated with excellent disease control in both gastric and extragastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Systemic treatment approaches with both oral and i.v. agents are being increasingly studied, not only for patients with disseminated MALT lymphoma, but also for those with localized disease. To date, however, recommendations for the use of available systemic modalities have not been clearly defined.

Materials and Methods.
The present report reviews the current data on systemic treatment options for patients with MALT lymphoma and provides recommendations for their use in everyday practice.

Results.
Different chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylators, and purine analogs, have been successfully tested in patients with MALT lymphoma. Reducing side effects while maintaining efficacy should be the main goal in treating these indolent lymphomas. From the data from the largest trial performed to date, the combination of chlorambucil plus rituximab (R) appears to be active as first-line treatment. Similarly, R-bendamustine also seems to be highly effective, but a longer follow-up period is needed. R-monotherapy results in lower remission rates, but seems a suitable option for less fit patients. New immunotherapeutic agents such as lenalidomide (with or without rituximab) or clarithromycin show solid activity but have not yet been validated in larger collectives.

Conclusion.
Patients with MALT lymphoma should be treated within prospective trials to further define optimal therapeutic strategies. Systemic treatment is a reasonable option with potentially curative intent in everyday practice. Based on the efficacy and safety data from available studies, the present review provides recommendations for the use of systemic strategies.

Implications for Practice:
In view of the biology of MALT lymphoma with trafficking of cells within various mucosal structures, systemic treatment strategies are increasingly being used not only in advanced but also localized MALT lymphoma. In the past, different chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylators, and purine analogs, have been tested successfully. However, modern regimens concentrate on reducing side effects because of the indolent nature of this distinct disease. As outlined in this review and based on recent data, chlorambucil plus rituximab (R) may be considered one standard treatment within this setting. In addition, R-bendamustine seems to be a very promising combination. According to recent trends, however, “chemo-free” approaches (i.e., antibiotics with immunomodulatory effects [clarithromycin]) or other immunotherapies (lenalidomide ±R) may be important therapeutic approaches in the near future.
Dynamic equivalence versus formal correspondence in the translation of songs
Authors: Lage Maria Helena Lott 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work is to make an analysis of the translation of Djavan's song Esquinas into English. It endeavours to show how the theoretical demands made on translations prove problematic when put into practice, mainly when concerning the translation of songs. É objetivo do presente artigo mostrar, através de uma análise para o inglês da canção Esquinas de Djavan, como as exigências teóricas que se fazem às traduções se revelam, na prática, problemáticas, principalmente no que se refere à tradução de canções.
The puritan heritage and current economic attitudes in America
Authors: Elliott Emory 
Published: July 2015

This essay sustains that the contemporary economic yearnings of American society are deeply rooted in seventeenth century Puritan Massachusetts — a cultural heritage which the people are unwilling and perhaps unable to abandon.The author identifies five of the most firmly-held assumptions as a beginning for the study of cultural values and economics in the United States today: 1. The assumption that America has a special, divinely ordained role as a world leader — exemplar of democratic ideals; 2. An assumption that those in power and authority should be willing to sacrifice something for the common good; 3. A sense of pride in the product itself and identity with the institution; 4. A sense of certain independence from the employer based on the integrity of the individual; 5. The assumption that individuals and institutions adhere to a set of shared moral principles. The essay concludes that the strengths of the Protestant ethic which have become part of the national ideology have begun to produce more barriers than benefits to progress and that what is urgently needed in the United States today is creative and imaginative leadership. Este artigo sustenta que os anseios econômicos contemporâneos da sociedade americana estão profundamente arraigados na Massachusetts puritana do século dezessete — herança cultural da qual o povo não quer e talvez não consiga se libertar.O autor apresenta cinco das pressuposições mais enraizadas, como ponto de partida para o estudo dos valores culturais e econômicos dos Estados Unidos de hoje: 1. A suposição de que os Estados Unidos representam um papel conferido por Deus, como líder mundial — modelo dos ideais democráticos; 2. Uma suposição de que os detentores do poder e as autoridades deveriam estar dispostos ao sacrifício pelo bem comum; 3. Um sentimento de orgulho por aquilo que produzem e identificação com a instituição; 4. Um sentido de certa independência do empregador, baseado na integridade do indivíduo; 5. A suposição de que os indivíduos e as instituições são fiéis a um conjunto geral de princípios morais. O artigo conclui que a força da ética protestante, que é parte da ideologia americana, passou a gerar mais obstáculos do que benefícios para o progresso, e que os Estados Unidos de hoje precisam urgentemente de liderança imaginativa e criadora.
Periodontal Inflammatory Burden and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Concentration Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease at the Predialysis Stage
Authors: Nylund Karita M. , Meurman Jukka H. , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Honkanen Eero , Vesterinen Maarit , Furuholm Jussi O. , Tervahartiala Taina , Sorsa Timo , Ruokonen Hellevi M. 
Published: July 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to compare periodontal inflammatory burden related to the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 concentration among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the predialysis stage.Methods: Salivary samples from 118 predialysis patients were assayed for MMP‐8 by immunofluorometric assay. Of the patients, 43 (36%) had diabetic nephropathy, whereas 75 (64%) had other kidney disease. Clinical and radiographic oral health examination was made at Helsinki University Hospital. Oral and general health data including laboratory findings were recorded from hospital records, and the periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI) and the total dental index (TDI) were calculated. Results were analyzed with cross tabulation, Pearson χ2 test, and Mann–Whitney U test.Results: Results included elevated PIBI, increased TDI, and two or more sites with ≥6 mm or deeper periodontal pocket, associated with elevated salivary MMP‐8 concentrations (P <0.05 in all associations). The diabetic nephropathy group and patients with high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values (≥6.5%, ≥48 mmol/mol) exerted slightly elevated median salivary MMP‐8 values compared with the other CKD group or regarding patients with HbA1c values <6.5%, but these differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Elevated salivary MMP‐8 associated significantly with more severe oral/periodontal inflammatory burden among patients with CKD at the predialysis stage. Thus, salivary MMP‐8 analysis could give adjunctive information regarding oral health.
Stratification of Metal and Sulphate Loads in Acid Mine Drainage Receiving Water Dams – Variables Regionalization by Cluster Analysis
Authors: Grande J.A. , de la Torre M.L. , Valente T. , Fernández J.P. , Borrego J. , Santisteban M. , Cerón J.C. , Sánchez‐Rodas D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: The Sancho Reservoir (Iberian Pyrite Belt, SW Spain) is nourished by the waters of the river Meca, which is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) processes from the abandoned Tharsis mine. The aim of the present work is to study the hydrochemical variations in this reservoir, in order to define potential stratification processes in metal load and sulphates. A stratified sampling from the surface, with one meter deep intervals to the bottom of the dam, was performed. The results show a clear stratification of temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, metal and sulphate loads associated with depth. There is an increase of metal loads at the bottom of the reservoir, though previous studies only detect iron. The proximity between pH and aluminium suggests that water chemistry is strongly influenced by aluminium precipitation processes. This indicates the buffer effect that aluminium exercises, which precipitates as amorphous or low crystalline phases, introducing hydrogen ions to the system, while alkalinity input tends to raise pH.
Identification of Active Radical Species in Alkaline Persulfate Oxidation
Authors: Liang Chenju , Lei Jung‐Hsuan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: A proposed mechanism for alkaline activation of persulfate involves generation of sulfate (), hydroxyl (HO·), and superoxide radicals (). The present study investigated the feasibility of chloroform (CF) degradation using alkaline activated persulfate and identified the active radical species using a radical inhibition technique. 2‐propanol (PrOH) (preferentially reacted with HO·), phenol (preferentially reacted with both HO· and ), and carbon tetrachloride (CT) (preferentially reacted with ) were used to inhibit the degradation of CF, and the extent of inhibited degradation was used to indicate the predominant radical species. Additions of PrOH and phenol appeared to significantly scavenge and HO· and resulted in inhibited CF degradation. Here, the authors demonstrated that and HO· were predominant radicals in the alkaline activated persulfate system. The presence of scavengers (i.e., CT) resulted in a partial inhibition of CF degradation and, hence, one can speculate that is a minor radical species.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith: A Student Introduction to Federal Tax Compliance and Documentation
Authors: Morrow Michaele L. , Stinson Shane R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In this case, students assume the role of new accounting staff tasked with the preparation of a personal income tax return and supporting documentation for a client of their firm. Students are provided prior year work papers and client communications, a copy of the prior year's tax return, as well as a letter and supporting documents from the client for the current year. To complete the case, students generate questions based on the initial information provided, meet face-to-face with the client, and roll forward a set of electronic work papers before submitting a complete current year engagement file for senior review. This case adds work papers and client interaction to the traditional tax compliance case to reinforce both the technical and communication skills valued in professional practice. The formulation of questions for the client also allows students to practice discussing technical topics in a non-technical manner and underscores the required balance between attitudes of client advocacy stressed in professional tax practice and legal requirements for “good-faith” tax return reporting. This case is appropriate for an individual income tax course at either the undergraduate or graduate level, and can be easily adapted to increase or decrease difficulty.
The Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and 2 in Nasal Polyp–Derived Epithelial Cells and its Possible Contribution to Glucocorticoid Activation in Nasal Polyp
Authors: Kook Jin Ho , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Kyung Won , Park Se Jin , Kim Tae Hoon , Lim Sae Hee , Kang Sung Hoon , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: July 2015

Background The actions of glucocorticoids in target tissues depend on the local metabolism of glucocorticoids catalyzed by 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1 and 2. Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of nasal polyps. However, the mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory effects are unclear. Objective The present study analyzed the expression of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, and steroidogenic enzymes (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 [CYP11B1]; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 [CYP11A1]) in nasal polyp tissues, and endogenous cortisol levels in nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells. Methods The expression levels and distribution pattern of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1 were determined in nasal polyp tissues or nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry testing. The expression levels of cortisol by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined in cultured polyp–derived epithelial cells treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, or small interfering ribonucleic acid technique. The effect of glucocorticoids on the expression levels of these enzymes was investigated in cultured cells. Results Expressed in nasal polyp tissues and nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells were 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1. Cortisol production in cultured epithelial cells was decreased in cells treated with 11β-HSD1 small interfering ribonucleic acid or inhibitor, compared with nontreated cells. Cultured cells treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone induced increased cortisol production. 11β-HSD1 expression levels were upregulated in cells treated with glucocorticoid. Conclusions Analysis of these results indicated that 11β-HSD1 expressed in polyp-derived epithelial cells may be involved in the anti-inflammatory function of glucocorticoid in the treatment of nasal polyps, which contributes to increased levels of endogenous cortisol.
Efficacy of Preoperative Itraconazole in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Patro Sourabha K. , Verma Roshan K. , Panda Naresh K. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Singh Paramjeet 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Criterion standard treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is primary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Even after good surgery, recurrence rates vary from 10 to 79%. Antifungals, e.g., itraconazole, and steroids have shown varying success rates in delaying recurrences given after surgery. Itraconazole decreases the need for steroids given as a primary treatment in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This study investigated the efficacy of itraconazole given preoperatively for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Methodology A prospective study was carried out from July 2011 to November 2013 with 27 patients with histologically proven AFS, who were given itraconazole for 1 month in the preoperative period and operated after completion of the course of itraconazole. They were compared with 25 matched controls of patients with AFS who were operated on directly without preoperative itraconazole. Both groups were given oral steroids in tapering doses for 6 weeks during the postoperative period and followed up at regular intervals. Evaluations were done by using symptomatic (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-20]), radiologic (Lund Mackay scores), and endoscopic (Kupferberg nasal endoscopic grades) parameters. Results Symptomatology scores (SNOT-20) decreased significantly (p = 0.000) with itraconazole. There was a decrease (p = 0.007) in the Lund Mackay scores that reached up to 0. There was complete resolution of disease in 15% of the patients. Reductions in hyperdensities were noted on computed tomography in all the patients after preoperative itraconazole. Polyp sizes decreased and nasal endoscopic grades improved after itraconazole. Postoperative fungal cultures were positive in 60% of the patients in the preoperative itraconazole group compared with 76% of the patients in the control group, which indicated a decreased fungal burden. Conclusion We found improvements in clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic parameters in AFS after preoperative itraconazole administration, which decreased the disease load significantly and also reduced the extent of surgery in the short-term follow-up. It may prove to be a good preoperative adjunct that needs further research
Efficacy of Endonasal Phototherapy for Relieving the Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Jeong Yeon Min , Lee Ho Seok , Lee Yeon Ji , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: July 2015

Background Endonasal phototherapy can relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) for the patient. However, there is no consensus on whether or not endonasal phototherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of AR. Objective The goal of this meta-analysis was to perform a systematic review of the available literature on the effects of endonasal phototherapy on symptoms of AR. Methods Two authors independently searched medical literature databases from their inception of article collection to July 2014. Studies that scored the nasal symptoms of AR and quality of life related to AR before and after endonasal phototherapy, and that compared the effects of phototherapy (treatment groups) with sham treatment (sham group) or antihistamine administration (antihistamine group) were included in the analysis. The outcomes of interest were total nasal symptom scores, disease-specific quality of life questionnaire assessments, and endoscopic findings (discharge and turbinate hypertrophy). Overall, a total of 13 trials met the inclusion criteria of this study, with a total sample size of 679 patients. Results Phototherapy significantly reduced nasal symptoms compared with pretreatment values and improved quality of life. The endoscopic findings also significantly improved after phototherapy. In addition, the symptom score and disease-specific quality of life after treatment were significantly lower in the treatment group versus the sham group, and were similar to those in the antihistamine group. Conclusions Phototherapy could provide nasal symptom relief and improve quality of life related to AR. However, when considering the insufficient evaluation of the efficacy of phototherapy according to the treatment methods and the high heterogeneity apparent in some parameters, further clinical trials with robust research methodologies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.
The Effect of Endoscopic Olfactory Cleft Polyp Removal on Olfaction
Authors: Kuperan Arjuna B. , Lieberman Seth M. , Jourdy Deya N. , Al-Bar Mohammad H. , Goldstein Bradley J. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: July 2015

Background The presence of olfactory cleft polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is well documented, but the effect of endoscopic olfactory cleft polyp surgery on olfaction, versus observation, has not been well studied. This analysis assessed if microdebridement of olfactory cleft polyps yields significant objective smell improvements in those with anosmia or hyposmia. Methods A randomized prospective single-blinded study was performed on patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery with profound bilateral nasal polyposis, excluding those younger than 18 years or without olfactory polyps. A preoperative University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), visual analog scale (VAS), and sinonasal outcomes 20 score (SNOT-20), and a follow-up at 6 months was performed. Two cohorts were created, including one with cleft polyp removal (group A) and one with cleft polyps left in place (group B). Results There were 10 patients in group A and 7 in group B. By using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the two groups were individually analyzed for changes in the preoperative UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 versus the 6-month test results. In group A, the improvement in the UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 were statistically significant at p < 0.05. For group B only the improvement in the VAS was statistically significant, at p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in clinical smell improvement between group A and B at 6 months (p = 0.00512). Conclusions Evidence exists that olfactory cleft polyp surgery improves olfactory function outcomes. Long-term data beyond 6 months is needed to further validate these early promising outcomes.