bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over 20% Efficiency Mechanically Stacked Multi-Junction Solar Cells Fabricated by Advanced Bonding Using Conductive Nanoparticle Alignments
Authors: Makita Kikuo , Mizuno Hidenori , Komaki Hironori , Sugaya Takeyoshi , Oshima Ryuji , Shibata Hajime , Matsubara Koji , Niki Shigeru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper shows a new semiconductor bonding technology for mechanically stacked multi-junction solar cells. Our strategy is the combination of conductive nanoparticle alignments and the van der Waals bonding technique. With this method, reasonably low bonding resistances and minimal optical absorption losses were simultaneously attained for the use of mechanically stacked solar cells. We examined a GaInP(Eg-1.89 eV)/GaAs (Eg-1.42 eV)/InGaAsP (Eg-1.15 eV) three-junction solar cell fabricated with this bonding method. As a result, the total efficiency of 22.5% was achieved, which was in good agreement with the theoretically predicted value. These results suggested that our bonding method is highly useful to fabricate high-efficiency mechanically stacked multi-junction solar cells.
Fabrication of thermally-conductive carbon nanotubes-copper oxide heterostructures
Authors: Li Yuan , Chopra Nitin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA complete dry processing route is developed for the fabrication of thermally-conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)-copper oxide (CuOx) heterostructures. This was achieved by the deposition of copper (Cu) onto CNTs and subsequent annealing in Ar and air environment to convert the coated Cu into CuOx nanoparticles. The survivability and diameters of CNTs were studied to ensure their integrity after the multiple processing steps and annealing temperatures (400 °C). The as-produced CNTs, air/Ar-annealed CNTs, Cu-coated CNTs, and CNT-CuOx heterostructures were characterized to study their structure, phase, and morphology using microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and sheet resistance. It was observed that CNTs could survive the processing conditions and became coated with CuOx nanoparticles. The sheet resistance of CNTs coated with CuOx nanoparticles was ∼4 times greater than the as-produced CNTs. The Raman spectroscopy-based estimation of thermal conductivity of CNTs and CNT-CuOx heterostructures showed 2-7 times enhancement for the latter as compared to pure CuOx. In conclusion, such hybrid CNT-based heterostructures are promising for applications in thermal management.
Design and Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube Based Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications
Authors: Singh Sathya P. , Nikkam Nader , Ghanbarpour Morteza , Toprak Muhammet S. , Muhammed M. , Khodabandeh Rahmatollah 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe present work investigates the fabrication, thermal conductivity (TC) and rheological properties of water based carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanofluids (NFs) prepared using a two-step method. As-received (AR) CNTs heated and the effect of heat treatment was studied using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The AR-CNTs and heat-treated CNTs (HT-CNTs) were dispersed with varying concentration of surface modifiers Gum Arabic (GA) and TritonX-100 (TX) respectively. It was found that heat treatment of CNTs effectively improved the TC and influenced rheological properties of NFs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed TX modified NFs showed better dispersion ability compared to GA. Surface modification of the CNTs was confirmed by Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Zeta potential measurement showed the stability region for GA modified NFs in the pH range of 5-11, whereas pH was between 9.5-10 for TX NFs. The concentration of surface modifier plays an extensive role on both TC and rheological behavior of NFs. A maximum TC enhancement of 10% with increases in viscosity around 2% for TX based HT-CNTs NFs was measured. Finally comparison of experimental TC results with the predicted values obtained from a model demonstrated inadequacy of the predictive model for CNT NFs system.
Dual Function Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Oxide Precursors for Nanoimprinting and Electron Beam Lithography
Authors: Malowney J. , Mestres N. , Borrise X. , Calleja A. , Guzman R. , Llobet J. , Arbiol J. , Puig T. , Obradors X. , Bausells J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOrdered arrays of crystalline complex oxides nanostructures were synthesized onto single crystal insulating substrates using aqueous polyvinyl alcohol based electron beam resist precursors. The irradiated zones are insoluble in water (negative-tone resist) due to the electron induced cross linking of polyvinyl alcohol. The subsequent high temperature treatment of the developed precursor samples leads to the formation of ordered arrays of nanodots for low irradiation doses. For high irradiation dosages, epitaxially and oriented nanowires are obtained. These same precursors were shown to be nanoimprintable on single crystal substrates. This allows for future dual processing of a single precursor film gaining nano-structuration from both electron beam and nanoimprint lithography methods.
The Research and Development of the Third Generation of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Li Tingkai 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to make high efficiency and low cost solar cell modules, the concept of third generation of photovoltaic modules have been provided. The first generation solar cell: Crystal Si solar cell including single crystal and poly-crystal Si solar cell；The second generation solar cell：Thin film solar cell including Si base thin film, CIGS, CdTe and III-V thin films; The third generation solar cell is the future high efficiency and low cost solar cell modules, such as low cost quantum dots solar cell, Si base thin film tandem and triple cell modules, III-V solar cell on Si, HIT solar cell and nanotechnology with no vacuum technique such as printable technologies and etc. This paper reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of each generation of the solar cell modules and technologies and discussed the research and development of the third generation of photovoltaic modules including the detail technology developments.
Mucogingival Volumetric Changes After Root Coverage With Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Case Report
Authors: Clozza Emanuele , Suzuki Takanori , Kye Wayne , Horowitz Robert A. , Engebretson Steven P. 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Monitoring mucogingival changes after treatment is of great interest for clinicians and researchers.Case Presentation: A 30‐year‐old non‐smoking male who exhibited multiple adjacent teeth with Miller Class I gingival recession in the esthetic zone underwent a root‐coverage procedure with an acellular dermal matrix graft. Dental stone casts of the maxilla were fabricated from impressions taken at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Subsequently, the entire surfaces of the casts were digitally captured with a three‐dimensional laser scanner. Virtual measurements were performed on superimposed casts to assess mucogingival changes during the 6‐month period. Complete resolution of gingival recessions was observed in all the treated sites, along with an overall increased thickness of mucosal tissues.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this case report, the proposed method may be promising for the evaluation of the outcome of root coverage and identifying biotype conversion.
A Non-Oxidative Approach Towards Hybrid Silicon Nanowire- Based Solar Cell Heterojunctions
Authors: Bashouti Muhammad Y. , Ristein Jürgen , Haick Hossam , Christiansen Silke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA general method for the non-oxidative termination of silicon nanowires (Si NWs) is reviewed. Oxide-free Si NW have been successfully alkylated in the lab using a two-step chlorination/alkylation process. The distinctive properties of the resulting Si NW have been taken advantage of by integrating the Si NWs into functional devices such as solar cells. Moreover, molecularly terminated Si NWs exhibit lower defect density emissions than unmodified Si NWs. This, in part, explains the better performance of the molecularly terminated Si NW-based solar cells. Solar cells that use organic-inorganic hybrid Si NWs as absorbers show an increased open-circuit voltage (V
Perturbation and Solvability of Initial Lp Dirichlet Problems for Parabolic Equations over Non-cylindrical Domains
Authors: Rivera-Noriega Jorge 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor parabolic linear operators L of second order in divergence form, we prove that the solvability of initial Lp Dirichlet problems for the whole range 1 < p < ∞ is preserved under appropriate small perturbations of the coefficients of the operators involved. We also prove that if the coefficients of L satisfy a suitable controlled oscillation in the form of Carleson measure conditions, then for certain values of p > 1, the initial Lp Dirichlet problem associated with Lu = 0 over non-cylindrical domains is solvable. The results are adequate adaptations of the corresponding results for elliptic equations.
A New External Landmark for Mental Foramen
Authors: Tungkeeratichai Jumroon , Bhongmakapat Thongchai , Saitongdee Porncharn , Orathai Pisamai 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study was to establish a new external landmark of mental foramen to help facilitate prediction of the location during local anesthesia and during surgery of mandibular region.Materials and methodsOne hundred and ten adult Thai cadavers of 61 males and 49 females from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University were included in this study. The anatomy of mental foramen in 110 adult Thai cadavers (220 sides) was studied from 2008 until 2011. Measurements in vertical plane were made: (i) From gingival sulcus to mental foramen = A, (ii) from mental foramen to inferior border of mandible = B, and (iii) the ratio of A/A + B = D.Measurements in horizontal plane were also made: (i) From symphysis menti to the mental foramen = S (in straight line and not related to mandibular curvature), and (ii) from symphysis menti to the mental foramen = C (in curved line related to mandibular curvature), and (iii) in relation to position of lower tooth/teeth, and (iv) in relation to cheilions (corners of the mouth).ResultsThe results included 61 male and 49 female cadavers. On the right side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. On the left side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. The location of right and left cheilion was related with the position of mental foramen, mostly at center (male: 63.93 and 70.49%, female: 61.22 and 73.47%). If center ± 0.3 cm it was possible to find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center (male: 95.08 and 91.80%, female: 87.76 and 93.88%). If center ± 0.5 cm, it could find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center ± 0.3 cm (male: 98.36 and 98.36%, female: 95.92 and 97.96%).ConclusionThe knowledge gained from this study is quite important, since it helps the surgeon to easily identify the mental foramen prior to surgery which is halfway between gingival sulcus and inferior border of mandible in vertical plane and at the cheilion position in horizontal plane.How to cite this articleTungkeeratichai J, Bhongmakapat T, Saitongdee P, Orathai P. A New External Landmark for Mental Foramen. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(1):29-33.
Economies of driftwood: Fuel harvesting strategies in the Kodiak Archipelago
Authors: Shaw Jennie Deo 
Published: June 2013

Fuelwood harvesting is an integral part of the subsistence regime for many Arctic and subarctic peoples. Despite the relative paucity of woody resources in the northern tundra, charred wood fragments recovered from archaeological sites reveal a harvesting practice that is thousands of years old. Indeed, fuelwood gathering is a strategic behaviour involving a complex set of decisions beyond merely harvesting by proximity, as some have proposed. In this research, fuelwood harvesting is modeled within an economic framework. A fuel value index (FVI) is established to quantify the energetic returns of different wood species, and ethnographic interviews with Kodiak Island residents demonstrate the knowledge context that surrounds firewood acquisition. Archaeological charcoal from Kodiak Archipelago sites showcases a flexible, though increasingly selective strategy of fuelwood use by early inhabitants. For 7,500 years, maritime hunter-gatherers in the Gulf of Alaska took advantage of wood patchiness; they used a combination of exotic coniferous species in the form of driftwood and native deciduous trees such as alder to fuel their steam baths, smokehouses, and homes.
Injectable Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitors and Outpatient Antimicrobial Use in Children With Rheumatic Diseases: Analyses of Prescription Claims From a Pharmacy Benefit Manager Database
Authors: Ringold Sarah , Grant Shannon , Girdish Charmaine , Wallace Carol A. , Sullivan Sean D. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and rate of outpatient antibiotic and antiviral medication use among children receiving methotrexate and/or an injectable tumor necrosis factor α (iTNFα) inhibitor (etanercept and/or adalimumab) and to compare these rates with those of a control population.MethodsData were obtained from a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) database. Children were included if they had ≥1 prescription claim for an iTNFα inhibitor or methotrexate prescribed by a pediatric or adult rheumatologist between 2008 and 2010 and if they were age <18 years at the time of the claim. A control cohort of randomly selected children was generated from the PBM database. Poisson regression was used to compare antimicrobial rate ratios (RRs). Incidence rates and RRs were adjusted for age, sex, and prednisone exposure.ResultsIn total, 4,312 children were included. The adjusted RRs for antibiotic prescriptions among children receiving methotrexate monotherapy or iTNFα inhibitor and methotrexate combination therapy compared with the control cohort were 2.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.92–2.47) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.79–2.50), respectively. The adjusted RRs for antiviral prescriptions among children receiving methotrexate monotherapy or iTNFα inhibitor and methotrexate combination therapy compared with the control cohort were 3.67 (95% CI 1.98–6.78) and 4.34 (95% CI 1.86–10.14), respectively. The RRs for the iTNFα inhibitor group were similar in magnitude. There was no significant difference in RRs between the medication exposure categories for either antibiotic or antiviral prescriptions.ConclusionChildren receiving methotrexate and/or an iTNFα inhibitor had higher rates of antibiotic and antiviral use compared with the control cohort. Data sets with additional patient‐level and disease‐specific data are required to assess this association in more detail.
Suppression of Glomerulonephritis in Lupus‐Prone NZB × NZW Mice by RN486, a Selective Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Mina‐Osorio Paola , LaStant Jacob , Keirstead Natalie , Whittard Toni , Ayala Julia , Stefanova Stella , Garrido Rosario , Dimaano Nena , Hilton Holly , Giron Mario , Lau Kai‐Yeung , Hang Julie , Postelnek Jennifer , Kim Yong , Min Soo , Patel Alka , Woods John , Ramanujam Meera , DeMartino Julie , Narula Satwant , Xu Daigen 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveBruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a critical role in B cell development and function. We recently described a selective BTK inhibitor, RN486, that blocks B cell receptor (BCR) and Fcγ receptor signaling and is efficacious in animal models of arthritis. The aim of this study was to examine the potential efficacy of BTK in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using an NZB × NZW mouse model of spontaneous SLE.MethodsMice received RN486 or its vehicle (administered in chow) at a final concentration of 30 mg/kg for 8 weeks, starting at 32 weeks of age.ResultsThe administration of RN486 completely stopped disease progression, as determined by histologic and functional analyses of glomerular nephritis. The efficacy was associated with striking inhibition of B cell activation, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in CD69 expression in response to BCR crosslinking. RN486 markedly reduced the secretion of IgG anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) secretion, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent and enzyme‐linked immunospot assays. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated depletion of CD138highB220low plasma cells in the spleen. RN486 inhibited secretion of IgG anti‐dsDNA but not IgM anti‐dsDNA, suggesting that pharmacologic blockade of BTK resembles the reported transgenic expression of low levels of endogenous BTK in B cells. In addition, RN486 may also impact the effector function of autoantibodies, as evidenced by a significant reduction in immune complex–mediated activation of human monocytes in vitro and down‐regulation of the expression of macrophage‐related and interferon‐inducible genes in both the kidneys and spleens of treated mice.ConclusionCollectively, our data suggest that BTK inhibitors may simultaneously target autoantibody‐producing and effector cells in SLE, thus constituting a promising therapeutic alternative for this disease.
A Dicyanomethylene‐Substituted Triangulene: Effects of Molecular‐Symmetry Reduction and Electron‐Accepting Substituents on a Fused Polycyclic Neutral π‐Radical System
Authors: Ueda Akira , Wasa Hideki , Nishida Shinsuke , Kanzaki Yuki , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Morita Yasushi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA triangulene‐based C2‐symmetric 33 π‐conjugated stable neutral π‐radical, 2., which possesses two dicyanomethylene groups and one oxo group, has been designed, synthesized, and isolated as an analogue of tris(dicyanomethylene) derivative 1. and trioxo derivative TOT. with C3 symmetry. Effects of molecular‐symmetry reduction and electron‐accepting substituents on this fused polycyclic neutral π‐radical system were studied in terms of their molecular structure, electronic‐spin structure, and electrochemical and optical properties with the help of theoretical calculations. Interestingly, this system (2.) has a four‐stage redox ability, like TOT., as well as low frontier energy levels and a small SOMO–LUMO gap, similar to 1., in spite of the loss of the degenerate LUMOs in symmetry‐lowered 2., which is associated with the attachment of the weaker electron‐accepting oxo group instead of the dicyanomethylene group in 1.. These prominent results are attributable to the structural and electronic properties in the triangulene‐based highly delocalized fused polycyclic neutral π‐radical system.
Unusual Pathway Taken in the Reaction of Bis(alkynyl)diisopropylaminoboranes with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Ge Fang , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Erker Gerhard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe bis(alkynyl)diisopropyl‐aminoboranes 7 were prepared by treatment of iPr2NBCl2 with two molar equivalents of 1‐pentynyl lithium or lithium phenylacetylenide, respectively. Their reaction with one molar equivalent of B(C6F5)3 resulted in the formation of the 1,1‐carboboration products 8 that were subsequently stabilized by adduct formation (9) with tert‐butyl isocyanide. Thermolysis of 8a (R=nPr) proceeded with hydride transfer from a N‐isopropyl substituent to the distal carbon atom of the remaining pentynyl unit at boron to give the zwitterionic five‐membered heterocyclic product 10a in good yield. The analogous product 10b (R=Ph) was obtained upon photolysis of 8b. The compounds 7b, 9b, 10a, and 10b were characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Expression, purification, and lipolytic activity of recombinant human serum albumin fusion proteins with one domain of human growth hormone in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Wang Furong , Wu Min , Liu Wenhui , Shen Qi , Sun Hongying , Chen Shuqing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHuman growth hormone (hGH) can mobilize lipid and inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides. However, it is not a potentially useful drug for treating obesity because it has many other actions resulting in several side effects. Here, we report a novel approach to develop the lipolytic function of hGH. The amino terminus of hGH was replaced by an inactive protein so that the actions unrelated to lipolytic function would be avoided. The fusion genes encoding human serum albumin (HSA) and lipolytic domain of hGH were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant proteins were purified and characterized by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot. The preliminary stability tests demonstrated that HSA–hGH166–191 and HSA–hGH177–191 were stable at different pH levels after four days at 37°C. Lipolytic activity assay revealed that fusion proteins could increase the amounts of glycerol released from the isolated adipocytes. The HSA fusion proteins constructed in this work can be further developed as antiobesity agents.
Thermodynamic Signature of Substrates and Substrate Analogs Binding to Human Blood Group B Galactosyltransferase from Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Experiments
Authors: Sindhuwinata Nora , Grimm Lena L. , Weißbach Sophie , Zinn Sabrina , Munoz Eva , Palcic Monica M. , Peters Thomas 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been observed earlier that human blood group B galactosyltransferase (GTB) hydrolyzes its donor substrate UDP‐Galactose (UDP‐Gal) in the absence of acceptor substrate, and that this reaction is promoted by the presence of an acceptor substrate analog, α‐L‐Fuc‐(1,2)‐β‐d‐3‐deoxy‐Gal‐O‐octyl (3DD). This acceleration of enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP‐Gal was traced back to an increased affinity of GTB toward the donor substrate in the presence of 3DD. Herein, we present new thermodynamic data from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) on the binding of donor and acceptor substrates and analogs to GTB. ITC data are supplemented by surface plasmon resonance and STD‐NMR titration experiments. These new data validate mutual allosteric control of binding of donor and acceptor substrates to GTB. It is of note that ITC experiments reveal significant differences in enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding of the natural donor substrate UDP‐Gal, when compared with its analog UDP‐Glucose (UDP‐Glc). This may reflect different degrees of ordering of an internal loop (amino acids 176–194) and the C‐terminus (amino acids 346–354), which close the binding pocket on binding of UDP‐Gal or UDP‐Glc. As both ligands have rather similar dissociation constants KD and almost identical modes of binding this finding is unexpected. Another surprising finding is that an acceptor analog, α‐L‐Fuc‐(1,2)‐β‐d‐3‐amino‐3‐deoxy‐Gal‐O‐octyl (3AD) as well as the constituent monosaccharide β‐d‐3‐amino‐3‐deoxy‐Gal‐O‐octyl (3AM) effectively inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP‐Gal. This is unexpected, too, because in analogy to the effects of 3DD one would have predicted acceleration of enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP‐Gal. It is difficult to explain these observations based on structural data alone. Therefore, our results highlight that there is an urgent need of experimental studies into the dynamic properties of GTB. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 784–795, 2013.