bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐situgrown silica/water‐borne epoxy shape memory composite foams prepared without blowing agent addition
Authors: Dong Yubing , Fu Yaqin , Ni Qing‐Qing 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTShape memory (SM) silica/epoxy composite foams were successfully synthesized via latex technology and prepared without blowing agent addition. Silica was synthesized via tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hydrolysis. Silica/epoxy foams were obtained from the TEOS solution and water‐borne epoxy mixtures after freeze‐drying and foaming in the presence of residual moisture as the blowing agent under a vacuum at 110°C. The morphologies of the resulting foams were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compression and thermo‐mechanical cycle tests were performed to measure the mechanical and SM properties of the foams. Experimental results indicated that the micrographs and mechanical properties of the foams were closely related to freeze‐drying time. The final composite foams exhibited high shape recovery and fixity ratios and could maintain both properties at more than 90% even after five thermo‐mechanical cycles. The properties obtained in the epoxy foams may offer new opportunities for their use in future structural applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42599.
Carbon Monoxide Addition to Ruthenium–Dithiolene Complex and Polysiloxane Hybrid Film Formation
Authors: Tsukada Satoru , Sagawa Takuya , Gunji Takahiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe addition of carbon monoxide to the ruthenium center of [(η6‐C6Me6)Ru(S2C6H4)] (1) has been investigated. [(η6‐C6Me6)Ru(CO)(S2C6H4)] (2) was obtained by the addition of CO gas to the ruthenium center of 1 in both solution and solid states. 1 was reproduced by treating 2 with an oxidant. A 1/polysiloxane self‐standing hybrid film was also prepared and showed a dramatic color change upon transformation of 1 to 2 in polysiloxane hybrid film.
Interventions to Improve the Response of Professionals to Children Exposed to Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Turner William , Hester Marianne , Broad Jonathan , Szilassy Eszter , Feder Gene , Drinkwater Jessica , Firth Adam , Stanley Nicky 
Published: June 2015

Exposure of children to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a form of child maltreatment with short‐ and long‐term behavioural and mental health impact. Health care professionals are generally uncertain about how to respond to domestic violence and are particularly unclear about best practice with regards to children's exposure and their role in a multiagency response. In this systematic review, we report educational and structural or whole‐system interventions that aim to improve professionals' understanding of, and response to, DVA survivors and their children. We searched 22 bibliographic databases and contacted topic experts for studies reporting quantitative outcomes for any type of intervention aiming to improve professional responses to disclosure of DVA with child involvement. We included interventions for physicians, nurses, social workers and teachers. Twenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria: three randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 18 pre‐post intervention surveys. There were 18 training and three system‐level interventions. Training interventions generally had positive effects on participants' knowledge, attitudes towards DVA and clinical competence. The results from the RCTs were consistent with the before‐after surveys. Results from system‐level interventions aimed to change organisational practice and inter‐organisational collaboration demonstrates the benefit of coordinating system change in child welfare agencies with primary health care and other organisations. Implications for policy and research are discussed. © 2015 The Authors.Child Abuse Reviewpublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.‘We searched 22 bibliographic databases and contacted topic experts’Key Practitioner MessagesWe reviewed published evidence on interventions aimed at improving professionals' practice with domestic violence survivors and their children.Training programmes were found to improve participants' knowledge, attitudes and clinical competence up to a year after delivery.Key elements of successful training include interactive discussion, booster sessions and involving specialist domestic violence practitioners.Whole‐system approaches aiming to promote coordination and collaboration across agencies appear promising but require funding and high levels of commitment from partners.‘Training programmes were found to improve participants' knowledge, attitudes and clinical competence up to a year after delivery’
Beyond Ethics to Morality: Choices and Relationships in Bicultural Research Settings
Authors: Furness Jane , Nikora Linda Waimarie , Hodgetts Darrin , Robertson Neville 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs community and applied social psychologists, it is crucial that we know ourselves as cultural beings, appreciate the values and beliefs of those with whom we work and understand the history of relations among those in our work settings. In New Zealand, research by non‐Māori involving Māori has often mirrored the harmful colonising practices of the nation's wider history. In response, several frameworks have been developed setting out conditions and guidelines in which non‐Māori might conduct research in Māori settings responsibly and usefully. Nevertheless, views differ on the ways, and extent to which, non‐Māori might be involved. Most guidelines do not provide answers to ethical nuances that may arise. This article discusses the experiences of a non‐Māori community psychologist engaging in research in a predominantly Māori setting. It describes how the first author carefully negotiated entry into the setting, built relationships based on mutuality, sought expert guidance, exercised an ethic of caring, and ensured that the research was accountable to the community. We believe that there are important lessons here for researchers from dominant groups undertaking research in indigenous and minority communities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of antithrombin replacement using recombinant human antithrombin in an adult patient supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Lavandosky Gerald J. 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageIn the critically ill patient on extracorporeal life support, antithrombin production and activity can be decreased and may require replacement to therapeutic levels in order to maintain appropriate anticoagulation and prevent thrombosis.
Efficient Total Synthesis of Bongkrekic Acid and Apoptosis Inhibitory Activity of Its Analogues
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Suyama Masaki , Fujita Satoshi , Moriwaki Takuya , Sato Yukiko , Aso Yoshifumi , Muroshita Satoshi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Monda Keishi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Abe Masato , Fukunaga Hiroyuki , Kano Arihiro , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBongkrekic acid (BKA), isolated from the bacterium Burkholderia cocovenenans, is an inhibitor of adenine nucleotide translocator, which inhibits apoptosis, and is thus an important tool for the mechanistic investigation of apoptosis. An efficient total synthesis of BKA has been achieved by employing a three‐component convergent strategy based on Kocienski–Julia olefination and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. It is noteworthy that segment B has been prepared as a new doubly functionalized coupling partner, which contributes to shortening of the number of steps. Torquoselective olefination with an ynolate has also been applied for the efficient construction of an unsaturated ester. Furthermore, it is revealed that 1‐methyl‐2‐azaadamantane N‐oxyl is an excellent reagent for final oxidation to afford BKA in high yield. Based on the total synthesis, several BKA analogues were prepared for structure–activity relationship studies, which indicated that the carboxylic acid moieties were essential for the apoptosis inhibitory activity of BKA. More easily available BKA analogues with potent apoptosis inhibitory activity were also developed.
A Well‐Defined Aluminum‐Based Lewis Acid as an Effective Catalyst for Diels–Alder Transformations
Authors: Liu Zhizhou , Lee Jazreen Hui Qi , Ganguly Rakesh , Vidović Dragoslav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA catalytically active aluminum‐based system for Diels–Alder transformations is reported. The system was generated by mixing a β‐diketiminate‐stabilized aluminum bistriflate compound with Na[BArCl4] (ArCl=3,5‐Cl2C6H3). Solid‐state analysis of the catalytic system reveals a unique structure incorporating a two‐dimensional coordination polymer. According to the experimental results obtained from several Diels–Alder transformations, the aluminum‐based system appears to be a more practical and more robust alternative to the recently reported compounds based on carbon and silicon cations.
Global Invader Impact Network (GIIN): toward standardized evaluation of the ecological impacts of invasive plants
Authors: Barney Jacob N. , Tekiela Daniel R. , Barrios‐Garcia Maria Noelia , Dimarco Romina D. , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Leipzig‐Scott Peter , Nuñez Martin A. , Pauchard Aníbal , Pyšek Petr , Vítková Michaela , Maxwell Bruce D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTerrestrial invasive plants are a global problem and are becoming ubiquitous components of most ecosystems. They are implicated in altering disturbance regimes, reducing biodiversity, and changing ecosystem function, sometimes in profound and irreversible ways. However, the ecological impacts of most invasive plants have not been studied experimentally, and most research to date focuses on few types of impacts, which can vary greatly among studies. Thus, our knowledge of existing ecological impacts ascribed to invasive plants is surprisingly limited in both breadth and depth. Our aim was to propose a standard methodology for quantifying baseline ecological impact that, in theory, is scalable to any terrestrial plant invader (e.g., annual grasses to trees) and any invaded system (e.g., grassland to forest). The Global Invader Impact Network (GIIN) is a coordinated distributed experiment composed of an observational and manipulative methodology. The protocol consists of a series of plots located in (1) an invaded area; (2) an adjacent removal treatment within the invaded area; and (3) a spatially separate uninvaded area thought to be similar to pre‐invasion conditions of the invaded area. A standardized and inexpensive suite of community, soil, and ecosystem metrics are collected allowing broad comparisons among measurements, populations, and species. The method allows for one‐time comparisons and for long‐term monitoring enabling one to derive information about change due to invasion over time. Invader removal plots will also allow for quantification of legacy effects and their return rates, which will be monitored for several years. GIIN uses a nested hierarchical scale approach encompassing multiple sites, regions, and continents. Currently, GIIN has network members in six countries, with new members encouraged. To date, study species include representatives of annual and perennial grasses; annual and perennial forbs; shrubs; and trees. The goal of the GIIN framework is to create a standard yet flexible platform for understanding the ecological impacts of invasive plants, allowing both individual and synthetic analyses across a range of taxa and ecosystems. If broadly adopted, this standard approach will offer unique insight into the ecological impacts of invasive plants at local, regional, and global scales.
Cocoa polyphenols treatment ameliorates visceral obesity by reduction lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation genes in obese rats through interfering with AMPK pathway
Authors: Ali Faisal , Ismail Amin , Esa Norhaizan Mohd , Pei Chong 
Published: June 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacological activity of cocoa polyphenols (CPs) on visceral obesity markers and the possible mechanisms. In this study, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed either a low‐fat diet (LFD) or a high‐fat diet (HFD). After 12 wk of diet intervention, only one group of HFD rats (n = 10/group) were treated at a dose of 600 mg/kg bw/day CPs (HFD + CPs) for 4 wk. The gene and protein expression levels of phosphorylation of AMPK‐activated protein kinase α/β (AMPK α/β) were measured using real time‐PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA expression of lipogenic key enzymes (Acaca, Fasn, Mcat, and Scd‐1), and β‐oxidation key enzymes (CPT1, Prkaa1, Acox1) were investigated. In addition, the upstream transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP‐1c) were also examined. In accordance with these findings, CPs treatment improved visceral adiposity, adipocytes hypertrophy, and liver steatosis. AMP‐activated protein kinase α/β (AMPK α/β) phosphorylation in liver and adipose tissue of HFD + CPs‐treated rats was activated compared with HFD‐fed rats. The expression of lipogensis related‐genes was decreased, while expression levels of β‐oxidation‐related genes were increased compared with HFD‐fed rats. Together, these data partially unravel the ameliorative effects of CPs treatment on visceral obesity markers by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting β‐oxidation related‐genes through activation of the AMPK pathway.Practical applications: There is a metabolic logic linking the expended visceral or abdominal fat depot to dyslipidemia. The conceivability of using a natural dietary supplement to regulate lipid metabolism homeostasis is appealing as this by product of the defatted cocoa juice industry is non‐toxic, cheap, and has shown hypolipidemic properties. This is essentially significant in the context of the rising costs of obesity and its related diseases care. The ability of polyphenolics to suppress SREBP‐1c, the target of statins, while activating PPARα, the target of fibrates, suggest it can naturally find its role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.The molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic actions of polyphenolics ‐derived cocoa against visceral obesity has been partially unveiled in this research. Our findings suggest that CPs treatment attenuated diet‐induced visceral obesity via transcriptional regulation of AMPK mediating lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver and visceral white adipose tissue.
Double Deposition and Stripping Steps for Trace Determination of Au(III) Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Rutyna Iwona , Ochab Mateusz , Korolczuk Mieczysław 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new way of decreasing the detection limit ‐ double deposition and stripping steps was proposed to determine trace amounts of gold(III) by anodic stripping voltammetry. Two carbon composite electrodes that differed drastically in their surface areas were used for the measurements. The calibration graph was linear from 1×10−9 to 1×10−8 mol L−1 following deposition time of 300 s at the first and the second electrode. The detection limit was found to be 2.3×10−10 and 1.4×10−11 mol L−1 for deposition time 600 and 2400 s, respectively. It is the lowest detection limit obtained so far for gold(III) determination in stripping voltammetry.
Auf den Geschmack kommen
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWolfgang Meyerhof erforscht die grundlegenden Mechanismen des lange vernachlässigten Geschmackssinns. Doch damit nicht genug: Der Biochemiker versucht auch, das Wechselspiel von Geschmack und Ernährung zu verstehen. Im Gespräch über die Welt der Bitterstoffrezeptoren, die Hinterleiber von Honigbienen als Süßersatz, Geschmacksvorlieben und ‐aversionen.
Angriff und Gegenwehr
Authors: Marchfelder Anita 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas: Was als Abwehrsystem von Einzellern gegen Viren entdeckt wurde, macht jetzt Karriere als genetisches Schneidewerkzeug. Doch wie funktioniert das erstaunlich lernfähige Immunsystem? Eine Forschergruppe versucht die grundlegenden Mechanismen zu klären.
So global wie national
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractJahrestreffen des Global Research Council in Tokyo, intensive Konsultationen mit Partnern in Argentinien, Brasilien und Russland, wissenschaftliche Politikberatung bei den Vereinten Nationen in New York — auch in den internationalen Dimensionen ihres Handelns ist die Förderung bester erkenntnisgeleiteter Forschung Aufgabe und Verpflichtung der DFG.
Can performance‐based financing help reaching the poor with maternal and child health services? The experience of rural Rwanda
Authors: Lannes Laurence , Meessen Bruno , Soucat Agnes , Basinga Paulin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMore than 20 countries in Africa are scaling up performance‐based financing (PBF), but its impact on equity in access to health services remains to be documented. This paper draws on evidence from Rwanda to examine the capacity of PBF to ensure equal access to key health interventions especially in rural areas where most of the poor live. Specifically, it focuses on maternal and child health services, distinguishing two wealth groups, and uses data from a rigorous impact evaluation.Difference‐in‐difference technique is used, and different model specifications are tested: control for unobserved heterogeneity and common random error using linear probability model, seemingly unrelated regression equations, and clustering and fixed effects.Results suggest that in Rwanda, PBF improved efficiency rather than equity for most health services. We find that PBF achieved efficiency gains by improving access to health services for those easier to reach, generally the relatively more affluent. It turns out to be less effective in reaching the poorest. Our results illustrate the advantages of rigorous randomized impact evaluation data as results published earlier using a nationally representative survey (Demographic and Health Survey) were not able to capture the pro‐rich nature of the PBF scheme in Rwanda.Our paper advocates for building mechanisms targeting the vulnerable groups in PBF strategies. It also highlights the need to understand the impact of PBF together with the specific development of health insurance coverage and the organization of the health system.
Antitumor and antimetastasis effects of macerating solutions from an injectable chitosan‐based hydrogel on hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Hui , Song Fulai , Chen Quan , Hu Rui , Jiang Zhiwen , Yang Yan , Han Baoqin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn our previous studies, injectable chitosan‐based hydrogel (CH) was prepared and its application in surgery removal of tumor was studied. In this study, the antitumor and antimetastasis effects of the macerating solutions from CH were investigated. Our in vitro results showed that macerating solutions from CH significantly increased the proliferation of human normal liver L02 cells. In contrast, macerating solutions from CH showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of human hepatoma Bel‐7402 cells. In a mouse H22 tumor model, intraperitoneal injection of macerating solutions from CH decreased tumor growth and prevented tumor diffusion. Tumor weight was decreased dramatically in mice treated with macerating solutions from CH. The thymus index and spleen index were significantly increased by treatment with macerating solutions from CH. Administration of macerating solutions from CH also remarkably increased serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and decreased serum VEGF content as compared with the control group treated with saline. The antimetastasis studies showed that the number of pulmonary nodules, pulmonary metastases index, and lymph nodes index were significantly decreased in experimental groups treated with macerating solutions from CH. This study provided more supporting data for the potential clinical application of CH after surgical removal of tumor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3879–3885, 2015.
Discharge before noon: Effect on throughput and sustainability
Authors: Wertheimer Benjamin , Jacobs Ramon E. A. , Iturrate Eduardo , Bailey Martha , Hochman Katherine 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDLate afternoon hospital discharges are thought to contribute to admission bottlenecks. We previously described an intervention that resulted in a statistically significant increase in the discharge before noon (DBN) rate on 2 inpatient medicine units.OBJECTIVETo evaluate (1) the effect of an increased DBN rate on the admission arrival time and the number of admissions per hour and (2) the sustainability of our DBN initiative.DESIGNPre‐/postintervention retrospective analysis.SETTINGTwo acute‐care inpatient medicine units in a tertiary care, urban, academic medical center.PATIENTS: For the admission arrival time and admissions per hour analysis, all inpatients admitted to the medical units from June 1, 2011 to June 31, 2013. For the sustainability analysis, all patients discharged from July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.INTERVENTIONA multidisciplinary intervention to increase the DBN rate.MEASUREMENTS: Date and time of arrival to all inpatient sites, and discharge date and time of all patients from 2 inpatient medicine units.RESULTSConcurrent with our increase in DBN rate, we found a statistically significant change in the median arrival time of emergency department (ED) admissions and transfers from 5 pm to 4 pm. High‐frequency admission peaks were statistically significantly reduced for ED admissions. The statistically significant increase in DBN rate is sustained at 35%.CONCLUSIONSIncreasing the DBN rate correlates with admissions arriving earlier in the day and reductions in high‐frequency peaks of ED admissions. Statistically significant improvements in DBN rates are sustainable. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:664–669. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Magnetic resonance elastography of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Huston John , Murphy Matthew C. , Boeve Bradley F. , Fattahi Nikoo , Arani Arvin , Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Jones David T. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of utilizing brain stiffness as a potential biomarker for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive technique for evaluating the mechanical properties of brain tissue in vivo. MRE has demonstrated decreased brain stiffness in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsWe examined five male subjects with bvFTD and nine cognitively normal age‐matched male controls (NC) with brain 3T MRE. Stiffness was calculated in nine regions of interest (ROIs): whole brain (entire cerebrum excluding cerebellum), frontal lobes, occipital lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, deep gray matter / white matter (GM/WM; insula, deep gray nuclei and white matter tracts), cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex (pre‐ and postcentral gyri), and a composite region labeled FT (frontal and temporal lobes excluding the pre‐ and postcentral gyri).ResultsSignificantly lower stiffness values were observed in the whole brain (P = 0.007), frontal lobe (P = 0.001), and temporal lobes (P = 0.005) of bvFTD patients compared to NC. No significant stiffness differences were observed in any other ROIs of bvFTD patients compared to NC (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that statistically significant brain softening occurs in the frontal and temporal lobes of bvFTD patients, which corresponds to the expected pathophysiology of bvFTD.ConclusionFuture studies evaluating the feasibility of brain MRE for early disease detection and monitoring disease progression could shed new insights into understanding the mechanisms involved in bvFTD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:474–478.
Enhancement of emission efficiency in white OLED device by highly efficient narrow spectrum red‐emission material
Authors: Inoue Hideko , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Seo Satoshi , Seo Hiromi , Suzuki Kunihiko , Kawata Takuya , Ohsawa Nobuharu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNewly developed red‐emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.