bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar, Polysilazane‐Derived Porous Ceramic Supports for Membrane and Catalysis Applications
Authors: Konegger Thomas , Williams Lee F. , Bordia Rajendra K. 
Published: July 2015

Porous, silicon carbonitride‐based ceramic support structures for potential membrane and catalysis applications were generated from a preceramic polysilazane precursor in combination with spherical, ultrahigh‐molecular weight polyethylene microparticles through a sacrificial filler approach. A screening evaluation was used for the determination of the impact of both porogen content and porogen size on pore structure, strength, and permeability characteristics of planar specimens. By optimizing both the composition as well as cross‐linking parameters, maximum characteristic biaxial flexural strengths of 65 MPa and porosities of 42% were achieved. The evolution of an interconnected, open‐pore network during thermal porogen removal and conversion of the preceramic polymer led to air permeabilities in the order of 10−14 m². The materials were further exposed to long‐term heat treatments to demonstrate the stability of properties after 100 h at 800°C in oxidizing, inert, and reducing environments. The determined performance, in combination with the versatile preparation method, illustrates the feasibility of this processing approach for the generation of porous ceramic support structures for applications at elevated temperatures in a variety of fields, including membrane and catalysis science.
The Cause of All Paraguayans? Defining and Defending Hydroelectric Sovereignty
Authors: Folch Christine 
Published: July 2015

ResumenAunque el Paraguay produce y exporta más energía hidroeléctrica per cápita que cualquier otro país de la región, estos recursos están colocados en sus fronteras con Argentina y Brasil, complicando asuntos nacionales con complejidades transnacionales. Sectores populares en el Paraguay denotan a las represas binacionales Itaipú (con Brasil) y Yacyretá (con Argentina) como la depredación imperialista. En la última década, la nación paraguaya se convirtió en el poseedor de una ‘‘soberanía hidroeléctrica,’’ que siempre está amenazada. Expertos en energía de la izquierda han conceptualizado la soberanía hidroeléctrica como la relación entre ‘‘nación’’ y ‘‘territorio" mediada por el "estado,’’ a través de las luchas populares para recuperar el control de los recursos hidráulicos del Paraguay. Formando parte de una ética de la energía renovable, la soberanía hidroeléctrica resulta en un nuevo tipo de territorialidad. A través de la creación discursiva y cívica de la soberanía en una campaña electoral para ‘‘recuperar la soberanía hidroeléctrica,’’ muestro cómo la ‘‘naturaleza’’ y ‘‘nación’’ han sido cambiados por estructuras político‐económicas y simbólicas que emanan de la hidroelectricidad.
Greening the Petrochemical State: Between Energy Sovereignty and Sumak Kawsay in Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Fitz‐Henry Erin 
Published: July 2015

ResumenA fines de 2007, Hugo Chávez se reunió con Rafael Correa en la costa occidental de Ecuador para iniciar oficialmente la construcción de lo que se prevé sea uno de los mayores complejos petroquímicos en Sur América: La Refinería del Pacifico (RDP). Para los partidarios, la refinería garantiza al Ecuador soberanía energética, mientras que para los opositores es una violación fundamental de los principios ambientales básicos establecidos en la constitución ecuatoriana de 2008. Basados en seis meses de trabajo de campo etnográfico con representantes de la RDP y activistas en la provincia de Manabi, el presente ensayo explora las formas conflictivas del discurso respaldado por el estado en cuanto a "soberanía energética" y "sumak kawsay" que han sido re‐planteados en el actual proyecto de desarrollo de mayor envergadura a nivel nacional. Específicamente, llamo a la atención los esfuerzos de la refinería para auto representarse de "forma autóctona" ante la provincia de Manabí que nos permite entender mejor como los cambios a gran escala en ideologías políticas han sido traducidos en giros idiomáticos locales y fantasias.
Large‐Scale Aquaculture and Coastal Resource‐Dependent Communities: Tradition in Transition on Chiloe Island, Chile
Authors: Pitchon Ana 
Published: July 2015

ResumenEste artículo examina el impacto sociocultural de la acuicultura comercial en una comunidad que depende de la explotación de recursos costeros en baja escala en la isla de Chiloé, Chile. Muchos de los habitantes de la isla participan en la recolección de organismos marinos a baja escala con fines comerciales, de recreación y subsistencia. La introducción de acuicultura comercial en la región está amenazando el acceso a estos recursos y al mismo tiempo promoviendo un cambio social‐económico hacia un modo de vida más balanceado e igualitario. El grado de dependencia cultural y de subsistencia de estos recursos debe ser reconocido cuando los reglamentos de acuacultura sean desarrollados para así garantizar sustentabilidad social y ecológica. En el presente artículo, examino un caso en el que la salmonicultura, una industria dominante y reciente, ha suplantado a la recolección de recursos marinos en baja escala a pesar de los niveles múltiples de dependencia continua.
Measuring the impact of a 3D simulation experience on nursing students' cultural empathy using a modified version of the Kiersma‐Chen Empathy Scale
Authors: Everson Naleya , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Lapkin Samuel , Pitt Victoria , van der Riet Pamela , Rossiter Rachel , Jones Donovan , Gilligan Conor , Courtney‐Pratt Helen 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesTo determine the effect of immersive 3D cultural simulation on nursing students' empathy towards culturally and linguistically diverse patients.BackgroundAccelerated globalisation has seen a significant increase in cultural diversity in most regions of the world over the past forty years. Clinical encounters that do not acknowledge cultural factors contribute to adverse patient outcomes and health care inequities for culturally and linguistically diverse people. Cultural empathy is an antecedent to cultural competence. Thus, appropriate educational strategies are needed to enhance nursing students' cultural empathy and the capacity to deliver culturally competent care.DesignA one‐group pretest, post‐test design was used for this study. The simulation exposed students to an unfolding scene in a hospital ward of a developing county.MethodsA convenience sample of second‐year undergraduate nursing students (n = 460) from a semi‐metropolitan university in Australia were recruited for the study. Characteristics of the sample were summarised using descriptive statistics. T‐tests were performed to analyse the differences between pre‐ and post simulation empathy scores using an eight item modified version of the Kiersma‐Chen Empathy Scale.ResultsStudents' empathy towards culturally and linguistically diverse patients significantly improved after exposure to the 3D simulation experience. The mean scores for the Perspective Taking and Valuing Affective Empathy subscales also increased significantly postsimulation.ConclusionsThe immersive 3D simulation had a positive impact on nursing students' empathy levels in regards to culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Research with other cohorts and in other contexts is required to further explore the impact of this educational approach.Relevance to clinical practiceImmersive cultural simulation experiences offer opportunities to enhance the cultural empathy of nursing students. This may in turn have a positive impact on their cultural competence and consequently the quality of care they provide to culturally and linguistically diverse patients.
The Role of Unconditional Parental Regard in Autonomy‐Supportive Parenting
Authors: Roth Guy , Kanat‐Maymon Yaniv , Assor Avi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo studies explored the role of parents’ unconditional positive regard (UCPR) as perceived by adolescents and young adults in promoting the effectiveness of specific parenting practices that may support offspring's academic autonomous motivation. Study 1 tested the hypothesis that UCPR predicts rationale‐giving and choice‐provision practices and, at the same time, moderates their relations with adolescents’ autonomous motivation. Study 2 replicated the association between UCPR and the parental practices, and further explored the role of parents’ authenticity as an antecedent of UCPR and parental autonomy support. Study 1 included 125 adolescents and Study 2 considered 128 college‐students and their mothers. The offspring reported on their perceptions of their mothers and on their autonomous motivation, and the mothers reported on their sense of authenticity. Both studies found consistent associations between UCPR and parenting practices that may support autonomous motivation. Moreover, Study 1 demonstrated that the rationale giving and choice provision were more strongly related to adolescents’ autonomous motivation when adolescents perceived mothers as high on UCPR. Finally, Study 2 demonstrated that mothers’ authenticity predicted UCPR, which in turn was related to autonomy‐supportive parenting. Findings support the assumption that parents’ autonomy‐supportive practices are more effective when accompanied by UCPR.
Tactile Sensitivity and Capability of Soft‐Solid Texture Discrimination
Authors: Aktar Tugba , Chen Jianshe , Ettelaie Rammile , Holmes Melvin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe sensation and perception of food texture is regulated by tactile‐dominated mechanisms and therefore, it is believed that one's capability in discriminating food textural properties could be related to one's tactile sensitivity. However, evidence to support this hypothesis is currently not available. This work aims to test this hypothesis by examining tactile sensitivity of individuals' (touch detection threshold and two‐point discrimination threshold) and texture discrimination capability. A range of soft‐solid food samples with controlled firmness and elastic moduli were designed for textural discrimination tests. A total of 32 healthy subjects threshold of touch detection was found to be 0.028 g for the fingertip and 0.013 g for the tongue. Similarly, the mean threshold of two‐point discrimination was 1.42 mm and 0.62 mm for the fingertip and tongue, respectively. Threshold for firmness discrimination (compressing until yielding) of the gel samples was 13.3% for the fingertip and 11.1% for the tongue. However, the elasticity discrimination threshold (by gentle pressing) of the population was found to be much smaller at 2.3% and 1.2% for the fingertip and the tongue respectively. Results show that tongue is slightly more sensitive than the fingertip in discriminating food texture (P < 0.05). An expected correlation between individual's capability of texture discrimination and their tactile sensitivity was not observed.Practical ApplicationsTexture discrimination capability is a significant factor for food texture preference and appreciation. In order to understand texture perception, it is essential to identify the relevant factors and define characteristics that govern the processes involved. Having a meaningful and reliable texture discrimination indicator is critically important for the food industry in the development and optimization of new food products, and in particular for specific food design for individuals' with special needs, e.g., elderly, dysphagic patients, etc. With this study, we illustrate the differential threshold for soft‐solid texture (firmness and elasticity) and also investigate the capabilities of tactile sensation (touch detection and two‐point discrimination) and evaluate potential correlations. The results and correlations may provide information about texture sensitivity and also might provide useful information to R&D researchers. Methodologies could also be applied in general food sensory studies and also investigating relationships between sensory psychology and sensory physiology.
N400 Event‐Related Potential and Standardized Measures of Reading in Late Elementary School Children: Correlated or Independent?
Authors: Coch Donna , Benoit Clarisse 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether and how standardized behavioral measures of reading and electrophysiological measures of reading were related in 72 typically developing, late elementary school children. Behavioral measures included standardized tests of spelling, phonological processing, vocabulary, comprehension, naming speed, and memory. Electrophysiological measures were composed of the amplitude of the N400 component of the event‐related potential waveform elicited by real words, pseudowords, nonpronounceable letter strings, and strings of letter‐like symbols (false fonts). The only significant brain–behavior correlations were between standard scores on the vocabulary test and N400 mean amplitude to real words (r = −.272) and pseudowords (r = −.235). We conclude that, while these specific sets of standardized behavioral and electrophysiological measures both provide an index of reading, for the most part they are independent and draw upon different underlying processing resources.
Educational Neuromyths Among Teachers in Latin America
Authors: Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Lira Luttges Benjamin , Salvarezza Florencia , Campos Anna Lucia 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNeuroscientific knowledge has undeniably gained interest among educators worldwide. However, not all “brain facts” believed by teachers are supported by science. This study sought to evaluate the belief in these so‐called neuromyths among 3,451 Latin American teachers. We found that, consistent with prior research among teachers in other geographic areas, teachers in Latin America hold major misconceptions about neuroscience, especially as it relates to factual information about its structure and functioning. Differences across South American nations were observed with moderate and slight effect sizes for general knowledge of the brain and neuromyths, respectively. Teachers working in higher education had slightly superior performance. Teachers at all levels who reported knowing more about the brain, however, were more likely to believe invalid assertions known as neuromyths. These results shed light on trends in the field of education, hoping to encourage the development of strategies aimed at correcting the use of science as it relates to education. The implications regarding teaching practice, policy, and teacher training are discussed.
Metagenome skimming for phylogenetic community ecology: a new era in biodiversity research
Authors: Papadopoulou Anna , Taberlet Pierre , Zinger Lucie 
Published: July 2015

It is now well recognized that considering species evolutionary history is crucial for understanding the processes driving community assembly (Cavender‐Bares et al. ). Considerable efforts have been made to integrate phylogenetics and community ecology into a single theoretical framework. Yet, assessing phylogenetic structure at the community scale remains a great challenge, in particular for poorly known organisms. While DNA metabarcoding is increasingly used for assessing taxonomic composition of complex communities from environmental samples, biases and limitations of this technique can preclude the retrieval of information on phylogenetic community structure. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Andújar et al. (2015) demonstrate that shotgun sequencing of bulk samples of soil beetles and subsequent reconstruction of mitochondrial genomes can provide a solid phylogenetic framework to estimate species diversity and gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the spatial turnover of soil mesofaunal assemblages. This work highlights the enormous potential of ‘metagenome skimming’ not only for improving the current standards of DNA‐based biodiversity assessment but also for opening up the application of phylogenetic community ecology to hyperdiverse and poorly known biota, which was heretofore inconceivable.
G‐protein coupled receptor‐mediated nutrient sensing and developmental control in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Brown Neil Andrew , dos Reis Thaila Fernanda , Ries Laure Nicolas Annick , Caldana Camila , Mah Jae‐Hyung , Yu Jae‐Hyuk , Macdonald Jeffrey M. , Goldman Gustavo Henrique 
Published: July 2015

SummaryNutrient sensing and utilisation are fundamental for all life forms. As heterotrophs, fungi have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms for sensing and taking up various nutrients. Despite its importance, only a limited number of nutrient receptors and their corresponding ligands have been identified in fungi. G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors. The Aspergillus nidulans genome encodes 16 putative GPCRs, but only a few have been functionally characterised. Our previous study showed the increased expression of an uncharacterised putative GPCR, gprH, during carbon starvation. GprH appears conserved throughout numerous filamentous fungi. Here, we reveal that GprH is a putative receptor involved in glucose and tryptophan sensing. The absence of GprH results in a reduction in cAMP levels and PKA activity upon adding glucose or tryptophan to starved cells. GprH is pre‐formed in conidia and is increasingly active during carbon starvation, where it plays a role in glucose uptake and the recovery of hyphal growth. GprH also represses sexual development under conditions favouring sexual fruiting and during carbon starvation in submerged cultures. In summary, the GprH nutrient‐sensing system functions upstream of the cAMP‐PKA pathway, influences primary metabolism and hyphal growth, while represses sexual development in A. nidulans.
Local habitat use by botos (Amazon river dolphins, Inia geoffrensis) using passive acoustic methods
Authors: Yamamoto Yukiko , Akamatsu Tomonari , da Silva Vera M. F. , Kohshima Shiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe monitored the underwater behavior of botos (Inia geoffrensis) using stereo acoustic data loggers to observe their local habitat use and its diel changes at the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Brazil. A‐tags were set at five sites in three different habitat types: Lake (low current), Channel (middle current), and Junction (junction of two channels). The presence index during nighttime was significantly greater than during daytime in the Lake and Junction. Underwater movement was estimated from the changing pattern (trajectory) of the relative angle of the sound source from A‐tags. A staying‐type trajectory was dominant in the Lake, although the prevalence of moving‐type trajectory increased at night. More than 80% of detected trajectories were the staying type in the Junction, while moving‐type trajectories dominated in the Channel. The frequency of click trains was greatest in the Lake, followed by the Junction and Channels. The average interpulse interval, which reflects the mean target distance of echolocation, was shortest in the Lake, followed by the Junction and Channel. These results suggest that the botos used the Lake as their primary habitat for active behaviors like foraging, especially at night, and the Junction as their primary habitat for relatively inactive behaviors at night.
A Literary Perspective on Schenker's Jewishness
Authors: REITER ANDREA 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTHeinrich Schenker was a keen observer of and participant in the cultural life of his time. In his diary he diligently recorded his impressions about a wide variety of cultural events, and recent scholarship has recognised the impact of his cultural environment on his theoretical work. This essay explores Schenker's views about his Jewishness as they become apparent in his response to several literary texts. Following an examination of his comments on Jews and Jewishness, I discuss three entries on literary works with a Jewish subject: Karl Kraus's poem ‘Gebet an die Sonne von Gibeon’, John Galsworthy's playLoyaltiesand Sholem Asch's story ‘Der reiche Herr Salomon’. Schenker's ‘literary criticism’ exemplifies three principal Jewish concerns in his thinking: the biblical foundation of Judaism, the relationship between Jews and the people among whom they live and the Jew as an exemplary human being. Critiquing these texts allowed Schenker to highlight the characteristics of the Jews as a people and as individuals, Jewish monotheism, the Jews’ predisposition to studying and thinking and their philanthropic attitude. Most important, the Jews who appear in these texts reinforced his own positioning as a Jew and a professional in a non‐Jewish environment.
Intensive care unit patients' experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Holm Anna , Dreyer Pia 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a change in paradigm in intensive care units with trends towards lighter sedation. Light or no sedation protocols are, however, a radical change for clinical practice and can cause challenges for the patients. Undergoing mechanical ventilation when conscious can be a distressing experience for the patients. Receiving a tracheostomy increases patient comfort, but some patients still undergo prolonged endotracheal intubation during mechanical ventilation. The experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit has not previously been described.AimsThe aim of the study was to explore adult intensive care unit patients' experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.DesignData collection was performed through semi‐structured interviews and four patients were enrolled. Data were collected at two multidisciplinary intensive care units in Denmark.MethodData were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, using the method described by Dreyer and Pedersen. The scientific tradition was phenomenological‐hermeneutic.ResultDuring the analysis, three themes emerged: (1) The tube in the throat. (2) To be conscious but feeling doped. (3) When passing of time is dragging on.ConclusionThe findings shed a light over the experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. A no‐sedation protocol may cause problems for the patients both of a physical and an existential character, but despite this, patients seem positive towards being conscious.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study suggests that clinical nursing practice may have to be further developed to accommodate the patients' needs, e.g. communicating and participating as well as optimizing nursing interventions towards thirst, pain and tube management. Furthermore, the intensive care unit setting may need revision, providing space for the patient and sensory meaningful inputs in the technologically intense environment.