bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic cooperative caching
Authors: Herrero Enric , González José , Canal Ramon 
Published: October 2012

Next generation tiled microarchitectures are going to be limited by off-chip misses and by on-chip network usage. Furthermore, these platforms will run an heterogeneous mix of applications with very different memory needs, leading to significant optimization opportunities. Existing adaptive memory hierarchies use either centralized structures that limit the scalability or software based resource allocation that increases programming complexity.
We propose Elastic Cooperative Caching, a dynamic and scalable memory hierarchy that adapts automatically and autonomously to application behavior for each node. Our configuration uses elastic shared/private caches with fully autonomous and distributed repartitioning units for better scalability. Furthermore, we have extended our elastic configuration with an Adaptive Spilling mechanism to use the shared cache space only when it can produce a performance improvement. Elastic caches allow both the creation of big local private caches for threads with high reuse of private data and the creation of big shared spaces from unused caches. Local data allocation in private regions allows to reduce network usage and efficient cache partitioning allows to reduce off-chip misses.
The proposed scheme outperforms previous proposals by a minimum of 12% (on average across the benchmarks) and reduces the number of offchip misses by 16%. Plus, the dynamic and autonomous management of cache resources avoids the reallocation of cache blocks without reuse which results in an increase in energy efficiency of 24%.
Using hardware vulnerability factors to enhance AVF analysis
Authors: Sridharan Vilas , Kaeli David R. 
Published: October 2012

Fault tolerance is now a primary design constraint for all major microprocessors. One step in determining a processor's compliance to its failure rate target is measuring the Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) of each on-chip structure. The AVF of a hardware structure is the probability that a fault in the structure will affect the output of a program. While AVF generates meaningful insight into system behavior, it cannot quantify the vulnerability of an individual system component (hardware, user program, etc.), limiting the amount of insight that can be generated. To address this, prior work has introduced the Program Vulnerability Factor (PVF) to quantify the vulnerability of software. In this paper, we introduce and analyze the Hardware Vulnerability Factor (HVF) to quantify the vulnerability of hardware.
HVF has three concrete benefits which we examine in this paper. First, HVF analysis can provide insight to hardware designers beyond that gained from AVF analysis alone. Second, separating AVF analysis into HVF and PVF steps can accelerate the AVF measurement process. Finally, HVF measurement enables runtime AVF estimation that combines compile-time PVF estimates with runtime HVF measurements. A key benefit of this technique is that it allows software developers to influence the runtime AVF estimates. We demonstrate that this technique can estimate AVF at runtime with an average absolute error of less than 3%.
Association of common thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies with success rate of in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Berliner Shlomo , Steinberg David , Zeltser David , Levran David , Shimron Orit , Sella Tal , Chodick Gabriel , Shalev Varda , Steinvil Arie , Raz Raanan , Salomon Ophira 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAssisted reproductive technology (ART) is extensively used as a tool for pregnancy achievement in subfertile couples. Congenital and acquired thrombophilias have been suggested by some investigators to play a role in abnormal embryo implantation and placentation. The objective of this study was to assess the role of common thrombophilias in women with unexplained infertility undergoing <i>in vitro</i>fertilisation (IVF). We retrospectively analysed 594 women from a large healthcare maintenance organisation going through IVF and who had a thrombophilia workup, and compared them for prevalence of thrombophilia to two reference groups consisting of 637 fertile women from previous work and 17,337 women members of the same healthcare organisation with no history of venous thromboembolism. The mean age of the women at the first cycle of IVF was 30.9 years (SD: 4.1).The mean number of IVF cycles was 7.3 (SD: 5.0), and the mean fertility success rate per woman was 14.6% (SD: 19.0%). None of the common thrombophilias tested was found to be significantly associated with the number of IVF cycles or with lower fertility success rate. Rather, women who had APCR and /or factor V Leiden and lupus anticoagulant had significantly higher live birth rates (12.3% and 12.6%, respectively) in comparison to women who were tested negative (9.0% and 9.7%, respectively). Thus, hypercoagulability is not associated with failure to achieve pregnancy. These data suggest that neither screening for thrombophilia nor anticoagulant treatment is indicated in cases with unexplained reproductive failure.
Direct Comparison of Percutaneous Circulatory Support Systems in Specific Hemodynamic Conditions in a Porcine Model
Authors: Ostadal Petr , Mlcek Mikulas , Holy Frantisek , Horakova Svatava , Kralovec Stepan , Skoda Jan , Petru Jan , Kruger Andreas , Hrachovina Vladimir , Svoboda Tomas , Kittnar Otomar , Reddy Vivek Y. , Neuzil Petr 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Several percutaneous circulatory support systems have been recently introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or refractory nontolerated ventricular tachycardia, in support of high-risk catheter interventions and, occasionally, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To date, however, a direct comparison of the available systems has not been performed.

Methods and Results—

Adult female pigs (weight 50–60 kg) were used throughout the experiment. Under deep anesthesia and mechanical ventilation, 3 percutaneous circulatory support systems were compared: (1) right atrium-aorta, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=4); (2) left atrium-aorta, TandemHeart system (n=4); (3) left ventricle-aorta, Impella 2.5 system (n=4), and (4) left ventricle-aorta with norepinephrine at 0.1 µg/kg per minute (n=4). Hemodynamic efficacy (mean arterial pressure) was measured at 3 specific conditions: ventricular pacing at 200 and 300 beats per minute, and ventricular fibrillation. Although no or only nonsignificant differences were found among the systems at ventricular pacing of 200 and 300 beats per minute, under ventricular fibrillation, the right atrium-aorta system was significantly the most efficacious, followed by the left atrium-aorta system and the left ventricle-aorta system (
P
<0.001). However, the left ventricle-aorta system with norepinephrine still maintained mean arterial pressure comparable with the left atrium-aorta system.

Conclusions—
Differences were seen in the hemodynamic efficacy of available percutaneous circulatory support systems, particularly under the most severe hemodynamic condition, ventricular fibrillation.
Dynamics and Practical Predictability of Extratropical Wintertime Low-Frequency Variability in a Low-Dimensional System
Authors: Inatsu Masaru , Nakano Naoto , Mukougawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Dynamics and practical predictability of extratropical low-frequency variability (LFV) in Northern Hemisphere winter are examined in the framework of a two-dimensional (2D) stochastic differential equation (SDE) on the phase space spanned by two leading empirical orthogonal function modes of low-pass-filtered 500-hPa geopotential height variations. The drift vector and diffusion tensor of the 2D SDE with multiplicative noise are theoretically connected with deterministic and stochastic error growth, respectively; both are statistically estimated from a reanalysis dataset. Projected onto the 2D phase space is the practical predictability of the LFV estimated by the 10-day forecast spread based on the 1-month ensemble prediction operationally conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). It is shown that the forecast spread of the LFV prediction by the JMA model for a relatively shorter prediction period when the model bias does not hamper the forecast is primarily explained by the stochastic error growth associated with the diffusion tensor and the deterministic error growth due to the Jacobian of the drift vector plays a secondary role. A non-Gaussian PDF of the LFV is also related to the norm of the diffusion tensor. Hence, the stochastic processes mostly control the dynamics and predictability of the LFV in the 2D phase space.
Diva/BclB regulates differentiation by inhibiting NDPKB/Nm23H2-mediated neuronal differentiation in PC-12 cells
Authors: Lim Jasmin Qian Ru , Lu Jia , He Bei Ping 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Diva (

d
eath
i
nducer binding to
v
Bcl-2 and
A
paf-1)/BclB is a Bcl-2 family member, which is known for its function in apoptosis. Diva/BclB has been shown to interact with NDPKB/Nm23H2, which is involved in cellular differentiation. Thus far, there has been no direct evidence of Diva/BclB having a role in differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the expression of Diva/BclB and NDPKB/Nm23H2 during differentiation in PC-12 cell line.

Results
Our results show that after differentiation, Diva/BclB expression was decreased and reciprocally, NDPKB/Nm23H2 expression was increased and it translocated into the nucleus. Overexpression of NDPKB/Nm23H2 promoted PC-12 neuronal differentiation by increasing neurite outgrowth and arresting cell cycle progression. There was a concurrent downregulation of Diva/Boo when NDPKB/Nm23H2 was overexpressed, which mirrors the effect of NGF on PC-12 cell differentiation. Overexpression of Diva/BclB did not change the expression level of NDPKB/Nm23H2, but inhibited its nuclear localization. Cells that overexpressed Diva/BclB presented a decreased percentage of differentiated cells and average neurite length was shortened. This was due to an increase in the formation of Diva/BclB and NDPKB/Nm23H2 complexes as well as Diva/BclB and β-tubulin complexes. Concomitantly, there was a decrease in formation of NDPKB/Nm23H2 and β-tubulin complexes. Overexpression of Diva/BclB also resulted in a higher percentage of S-phase cells.

Conclusion
Our results showed a novel role for Diva/BclB in neuronal differentiation. Its downregulation during neuronal differentiation may be necessary to allow NDPKB/Nm23H2 and β-tubulin interaction that promotes NDPKB/Nm23H2 mediated differentiation.
Improved resistance to ischemia and reperfusion, but impaired protection by ischemic preconditioning in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study
Authors: Engbersen Richard , Riksen Niels P , Mol Marc J , Bravenboer Bert , Boerman Otto C , Meijer Patrick , Oyen Wim JG , Tack Cees , Rongen Gerard A , Smits Paul 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), cardiovascular events are more common, and the outcome following a myocardial infarction is worse than in nondiabetic subjects. Ischemic or pharmacological preconditioning are powerful interventions to reduce ischemia reperfusion (IR)-injury. However, animal studies have shown that the presence of T1DM can limit these protective effects. Therefore, we aimed to study the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning in patients with T1DM, and to explore the role of plasma insulin and glucose on this effect.

Methods

99mTechnetium-annexin A5 scintigraphy was used to detect IR-injury. IR-injury was induced by unilateral forearm ischemic exercise. At reperfusion, Tc-annexin A5 was administered, and IR-injury was expressed as the percentage difference in radioactivity in the thenar muscle between the experimental and control arm 4 hours after reperfusion. 15 patients with T1DM were compared to 21 nondiabetic controls. The patients were studied twice, with or without ischemic preconditioning (10 minutes of forearm ischemia and reperfusion). Patients were studied in either normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions (n = 8) or during hyperglycemic normoinsulinemia (n = 7). The controls were studied once either with (n = 8) or without (n = 13) ischemic preconditioning.

Results
Patients with diabetes were less vulnerable to IR-injury than nondiabetic healthy controls (12.8 ± 2.4 and 11.0 ± 5.1% versus 27.5 ± 4.5% in controls; p < 0.05). The efficacy of ischemic preconditioning to reduce IR-injury, however, was lower in the patients and was even completely abolished during hyperglycemia.

Conclusions
Patients with T1DM are more tolerant to forearm IR than healthy controls in our experimental model. The efficacy of ischemic preconditioning to limit IR-injury, however, is reduced by acute hyperglycemia.

Trial Registration
The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00184821)
On fixed point theory in partial metric spaces
Authors: Alghamdi Maryam A , Shahzad Naseer , Valero Oscar 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we continue the study of contractive conditions for mappings in complete partial metric spaces. Concretely, we present fixed point results for weakly contractive and weakly Kannan mappings in such a way that the classical metric counterpart results are retrieved as a particular case. Special attention to the cyclical case is paid. Moreover, the well-posedness of the fixed point problem associated to weakly (cyclic) contractive and weakly (cyclic) Kannan mappings is discussed, and it is shown that these contractive mappings are both good Picard operators and special good Picard operators.
King penguins adjust their diving behaviour with age
Authors: Le Vaillant Maryline , Wilson Rory P. , Kato Akiko , Saraux Claire , Hanuise Nicolas , Prud'Homme Onésime , Le Maho Yvon , Le Bohec Céline , Ropert-Coudert Yan 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIncreasing experience in long-lived species is fundamental to improving breeding success and ultimately individual fitness. Diving efficiency of marine animals is primarily determined by their physiological and mechanical characteristics. This efficiency may be apparent via examination of biomechanical performance (e.g. stroke frequency and amplitude, change in buoyancy or body angle, etc.), which itself may be modulated according to resource availability, particularly as a function of depth. We investigated how foraging and diving abilities vary with age in a long-lived seabird. During two breeding seasons, small accelerometers were deployed on young (5 year old) and older (8/9 year old) brooding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at the Crozet Archipelago, Indian Ocean. We used partial dynamic body acceleration (PDBA) to quantify body movement during dive and estimate diving cost. During the initial part of the descent, older birds exerted more effort for a given speed but younger penguins worked harder in relation to performance at greater depths. Younger birds also worked harder per unit speed for virtually the whole of the ascent. We interpret these differences using a model that takes into account the upthrust and drag to which the birds are subjected during the dive. From this, we suggest that older birds inhale more at the surface but that an increase in the drag coefficient is the factor leading to the increased effort to swim at a given speed by the younger birds at greater depths. We propose that this higher drag may be the result of young birds adopting less hydrodynamic postures or less direct trajectories when swimming or even having a plumage in poorer condition.
Effect of mold surface antistiction treatment on microinjection replication quality using Cr-N/Zr-DLC thin-layer coating
Authors: Huang Ming-Shyan , Yang Yu-Sen , Hsu Wen-Shin , Nian Shih-Chih 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Sticking in microinjection molds is a significant problem in controlling the qualities of molded parts such as replication rate and appearance. To resolve the problem, this study investigates the effect of chromium nitride (Cr-N) and diamond-like carbon that contains zirconium (Zr-DLC) layers deposited on mold inserts on the antisticking properties of molds. The injection-molded flat plate used is 0.4 mm thick and has 5, 10, and 20 μm high v-grooved microfeatures. To evaluate the importance of the major control factors in determining the microinjection molding quality and to obtain the optimal settings of those factors, the Taguchi method and analysis of variance were utilized. The sticking behaviors of the melt plastics on the cavities that were deposited Cr-N/Zr-DLC layers using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering process were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results indicate that an antistiction coating most strongly affects replication quality and is followed in that respect by the mold temperature and the barrel temperature. As the dimensions of the microfeatures decrease, the effect of the mold temperature on replication rate becomes more significant. In particular, a Zr-DLC coating on the mold surface yields a low coefficient of friction and a low resistance to the flow of polymer during cavity filling, improving the replication of the heights of the microfeatures. Nevertheless, a Cr-N coating provides better antisticking. This improvement follows from the lower stripping force, which results in the lower surface free energy on the Cr-N layers.
Fuzzy Pattern Trees: Ein alternativer Ansatz zur Fuzzy-Modellierung
Authors: Senge Robin , Fober Thomas , Nasiri Maryam , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: October 2012

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Modellierung von Fuzzy-Systemen vor, die so genannten Fuzzy Pattern Trees. Deren Motivation leitet sich vor allem aus vermeintlichen Schwächen klassischer regelbasierter Architekturen ab, die dieses Gebiet nach wie vor dominieren. Durch eine hierarchische, modulare Struktur sowie die Verwendung eines breiten Spektrums von (nichtlinearen) Aggregationsoperatoren ist ein Fuzzy Pattern Tree in der Lage, funktionale Abhängigkeiten zwischen Ein- und Ausgabegrößen auf sehr flexible Art und Weise und in sehr kompakter Form darzustellen. Hierdurch kann ein guter Kompromiss zwischen Modellgenauigkeit und Verständlichkeit erzielt werden. Neben der Erläuterung der wesentlichen Modellierungskonzepte geht der Beitrag speziell auf die Probleme der datenbasierten Modellanpassung sowie des automatisierten Lernens der Modellstruktur ein. Illustriert werden die Modelle anhand eines Färbeprozesses aus der Textilindustrie.
Transmembrane Proteins UNC-40/DCC, PTP-3/LAR, and MIG-21 Control Anterior–Posterior Neuroblast Migration with Left–Right Functional Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sundararajan Lakshmi , Lundquist Erik A 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Migration of neurons and neural crest cells is of central importance to the development of nervous systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the QL neuroblast on the left migrates posteriorly, and QR on the right migrates anteriorly, despite similar lineages and birth positions with regard to the left–right axis. Initial migration is independent of a Wnt signal that controls later anterior–posterior Q descendant migration. Previous studies showed that the transmembrane proteins UNC-40/DCC and MIG-21, a novel thrombospondin type I repeat containing protein, act redundantly in left-side QL posterior migration. Here we show that the LAR receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-3 acts with MIG-21 in parallel to UNC-40 in QL posterior migration. We also show that in right-side QR, the UNC-40 and PTP-3/MIG-21 pathways mutually inhibit each other’s role in posterior migration, allowing anterior QR migration. Finally, we present evidence that these proteins act autonomously in the Q neuroblasts. These studies indicate an inherent left–right asymmetry in the Q neuroblasts with regard to UNC-40, PTP-3, and MIG-21 function that results in posterior vs. anterior migration.
Thermoelectric Properties of Crystallized Vanadate Glasses Prepared by Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Aoyagi Takuya , Fujieda Tadashi , Sawai Yuichi , Miyata Motoyuki , Naito Takashi , Yamamoto Hiroki 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined the crystallization of vanadate glasses by using microwave irradiation. A second aim was comparing the thermoelectric properties of crystallized glasses when using microwave irradiation to conventional heating. V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3-CuO glasses were prepared by using the melt quenching method. These glasses were irradiated by 2.45-GHz microwaves and heated in an electric furnace. MxV2O5(M= Cu, Fe x=0.26-055) crystals were selectively precipitated by using the microwave irradiation. The crystal growth was also promoted by it. As a result, precipitation crystals formed a fiber-like structure. The electrical conductivity of the microwave irradiated glass was 6.3×101S/m at room temperature, which was three times higher than the value of conventionally-heated glass. The Seebeck coefficient of the microwave irradiated glass was -127 μV/K at room temperature, which was two times higher than that of conventionally-heated glass. This caused the power factor to be improved about 12 times. These results show that microwave irradiation is a potential candidate for obtaining conductive crystallized vanadate glasses.
Crystal Structure Analysis of the Cr2O3 thin films
Authors: Iwata Nobuyuki , Kuroda Takuji , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUsing DC-RF magnetron sputtering method, the stress free c- and r-oriented Cr2O3 thin films were grown on c- and r-cut sapphire substrates, respectively. The c-oriented film grown at 580 ºC shows the smoothest surface with a surface average (Ra) of 0.17, although the c-surface energy is the highest. The origin of the smooth surface is expected that the presence of a twin grain due to a dislocation of Cr atoms, demonstrated by a reciprocal space mapping. The step height corresponding to that of the bulk is clearly observed. The r-oriented films epitaxially grow without twin grain. The Ra is 1.56 in the film grown at 580 ºC because of deep trenches due to a lattice mismatch and no dislocation like c-oriented films. Since the surface energy of the r-surface is the lowest, the terrace is quite smooth in one grain even at higher substrate temperature of 840 ºC.
Ultralong Lifetime of Active Surface of Oxygenated PET Films by Plasma-irradiation and Bonding Elements
Authors: Yokura Miyoshi , Uehara Kenichi , Xiang Guo , Hanada Kazuya , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Reddy Lakshmi Sanapa , Endo Kazuhiro , Endo Tamio 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBiaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films can be bonded directly by oxygen plasma irradiation and low temperature heat press around 100°C. The irradiated films were kept in the atmosphere for six years, yet they can be bonded tightly as well. Dry- and wet-peel tests indicate that two bonding elements can be suggested, hydrogen bonding and chemical bonding. The films are bonded by these two elements at lower temperatures, but by the pure chemical bonding at higher temperatures. FTIR results on the non-irradiated, irradiated and bonded samples indicate that OH and COOH groups are created at the surface, they are responsible for the hydrogen and chemical bondings. Dehydrated condensation reaction is proposed for the chemical bonding. It is briefly mentioned on two origins for the long lifetime of irradiated active surface.