bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defined Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Xeno-Free Derivation of Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells on a Novel, Synthetic Substrate
Authors: Pennington Britney O. , Clegg Dennis O. , Melkoumian Zara K. , Hikita Sherry T. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, is characterized by the death of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), which is a monolayer posterior to the retina that supports the photoreceptors. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can generate an unlimited source of RPE for cellular therapies, and clinical trials have been initiated. However, protocols for RPE derivation using defined conditions free of nonhuman derivatives (xeno-free) are preferred for clinical translation. This avoids exposing AMD patients to animal-derived products, which could incite an immune response. In this study, we investigated the maintenance of hESCs and their differentiation into RPE using Synthemax II-SC, which is a novel, synthetic animal-derived component-free, RGD peptide-containing copolymer compliant with good manufacturing practices designed for xeno-free stem cell culture. Cells on Synthemax II-SC were compared with cultures grown with xenogeneic and xeno-free control substrates. This report demonstrates that Synthemax II-SC supports long-term culture of H9 and H14 hESC lines and permits efficient differentiation of hESCs into functional RPE. Expression of RPE-specific markers was assessed by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry, and RPE function was determined by phagocytosis of rod outer segments and secretion of pigment epithelium-derived factor. Both hESCs and hESC-RPE maintained normal karyotypes after long-term culture on Synthemax II-SC. Furthermore, RPE generated on Synthemax II-SC are functional when seeded onto parylene-C scaffolds designed for clinical use. These experiments suggest that Synthemax II-SC is a suitable, defined substrate for hESC culture and the xeno-free derivation of RPE for cellular therapies.
Når trenger jeg å tilkalle tolk? Forskning om tolking i helsetjenesten
Authors: Sagli Gry 
Published: January 2015

This article is about interpreting in the healthcare sector in Norway. Effective communication between patients and health personnel is vital for the provision of high-quality, patient- centered healthcare services. As Norway, like many other countries, becomes increasingly multi-ethnic and multi-lingual, language barriers and cultural misunderstandings present a significant long-term challenge in healthcare. It is now well established that the use of qualified interpreters significantly improves the quality of healthcare. Accordingly it is crucial that a qualified interpreter be available when necessary. Legal rules and guidelines state that health personnel are responsible for assessing whether the services of an interpreter are necessary. These documents offer few clues, however, about which criteria a healthcare worker should apply when deciding whether to book an interpreter, and in practice healthcare workers find it difficult to assess when an interpreter’s presence will be necessary.
The main aim of this article is to explore what the research literature has to say about this question. What are the main issues that research has focused on? Does research offer any answers as to exactly when an interpreter needs to be called?
Research concerning the use of interpreters in healthcare in Norway is still very limited. Nonetheless, in the past few years some studies and reports have been published. The main issues that have been discussed are: the interpreter’s roles and responsibilities, under-use of qualified interpreters in healthcare; and strategies employed by health personnel in order to cope with language barriers when not using an interpreter. Only some very general conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Little attention has been given to the question of how to decide when a qualified interpreter is required. Two important issues have scarcely been addressed in the context of healthcare in Norway: the level of the patient’s proficiency in Norwegian; and the extent of the language gap between the patient and the healthcare worker. Lack of knowledge on this topic is significant, as obviously the language gap is the principal cause of the need for language assistance in the first instance. Another consideration is the importance of the conversation: depending upon the seriousness of the situation, a healthcare worker must exercise judgment in deciding the extent to which accurate communication needs to be ensured. This question, at least in the context of healthcare personnel and their patients, should be addressed to groups other than researchers on interpreting; the question illustrates the need for an inter-disciplinary research strategy in order adequately to address issues related to interpreting in healthcare.
Traumatiske reaksjoner hos tolker i offentlig sektor
Authors: Feistritzer Daniela 
Published: January 2015

This article aims to see how traumatic reactions may influence public service interpreters in their interpreting performance. It looks at relevant research results and refers to reflective reports and written examinations about secondary traumatic stress and other psychological reactions written by interpreters that attended a one-semester study programme in public service interpreting at Telemark University College in 2004.
The article is divided into three parts starting with a definition of the key concept used to describe traumatic reactions that may arise when meeting traumatised people. Thereafter it briefly presents neurophysiologic research results that show a relation between emotional reactions and the interpreting process.
Part two describes the content of the above mentioned one semester programme in interpreting that included the topic of interpreting in emotional challenging situations and part three connects the students’ reflections to the key concepts around traumatic reactions and analyses how this topic may be integrated in interpreting studies.
Value of Extended Warming in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Wasfie Tarik J. , Barber Kimberly R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Perioperative temperature management is imperative for positive surgical outcomes. This study assessed the clinical and wellbeing benefits of extending normothermia by using a portable warming gown. A total of 94 patients undergoing elective surgery were enrolled. They were randomized pre-operatively to either a portable warming gown or the standard warming procedure. The warming gown stayed with patients from pre-op to operating room to postrecovery room discharge. Core temperature was tracked throughout the study. Patients also provided responses to a satisfaction and comfort status survey. The change in average core temperature did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.23). A nonsignificant 48% relative decrease in hypothermic events was observed for the extended warming group (P = 0.12). Patients receiving the warming gown were more likely to report always having their temperature controlled (P = 0.04) and significantly less likely to request additional blankets for comfort (P = 0.006). Clinical outcomes and satisfaction were improved for patients with extended warming.
Documented Complications of Staple Hemorrhoidopexy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Porrett Liesel J. , Porrett Jemma K. , Ho Yik-Hong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A systematic review addressing reported complications of stapled hemorrhoidopexy was conducted. Articles were identified via searching OVID and MEDLINE between July 2011 and October 2013. Limitations were placed on the search criteria with articles published from 1998 to 2013 being included in this review. No language restrictions were placed on the search, however foreign language articles were not translated. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts for relevance and their suitability for inclusion. Data extraction was conducted by both reviewers and entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. The search identified 784 articles and 78 of these were suitable for inclusion in the review. A total of 14,232 patients underwent a stapled hemorrhoidopexy in this review. Overall complication rates of stapled hemorrhoidopexy ranged from 3.3%–81% with 5 mortalities documented. Early and late complications were defined individually with overall data suggesting that early complications ranged from 2.3%–58.9% and late complications ranged from 2.5%–80%. Complications unique to the procedure were identified and rates recorded. Both early and late complications unique to stapled hemorrhoidopexy were identified and assessed.
The Use of Serum Uric Acid Concentration as an Indicator of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Success
Authors: Menenakos Evangelos , Doulami Georgia , Tzanetakou Irene P. , Natoudi Maria , Kokoroskos Nikolaos , Almpanopoulos Konstantinos , Leandros Emmanouil , Zografos George , Theodorou Dimitrios 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) effectively reduces weight by restricting gastric capacity and altering gut hormones levels. We designed a prospective study to investigate the correlation of serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and weight loss. SUA and body mass index (BMI) were measured preoperatively and on first postoperative month and year in patients who underwent LSG in our department of bariatric surgery. Data on 55 patients were analyzed. Preoperative SUA concentration had a significant positive correlation with percentage of total weight loss (TWL) on first postoperative month (P = 0.001) and year (P = 0.002). SUA concentration on first postoperative month had a positive correlation with percentage of TWL on first postoperative year (P = 0.004). SUA concentration could be used as a predictor of LSG's success and could help in early detection of patients with rapid loss of weight, in order to prevent complications.
Impaired Blood Supply in the Colonic Anastomosis in Mice Compromises Healing
Authors: Pommergaard Hans-Christian , Achiam Michael Patrick , Burcharth Jakob , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Colon anastomotic leakage has a multifactorial etiology and ischemia is considered one of the most important single factors. However, no existing animal models have established a direct link between ischemia and anastomotic leakage. The aim of this study was to establish a model of colon anastomotic leakage as a result of tissue ischemia. In colon anastomoses of 53 C57BL/6 mice, varying degrees of ischemia were induced. Supplying vessels were divided with bipolar coagulation in order to reduce anastomotic breaking strength and create clinical anastomotic leakage. Breaking strength of all the ischemic anastomoses were significantly lower compared with controls. Increasing ischemia resulted in higher rates of large bowel obstruction without creating anastomotic leakage. Healing was compromised as a result of impaired blood supply. However, clinical leakage was absent. Pure ischemia in otherwise healthy experimental animals may be too simple of an approach to create clinical leakage.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Involving the Spleen and Splenic Hilum: A Report of a Case With a Rare Growth Pattern
Authors: Nishikawa Gen , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Hata Hiroaki , Ogiso Satoshi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Otani Tethushi , Ikai Iwao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present a rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma confined to the spleen and splenic hilum. An 81-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a large asymptomatic splenic tumor. The patient underwent splenectomy, and the adipose tissue surrounding the splenic hilum was also resected. Microscopically, the tumor mainly consisted of high-grade spindle cells similar to those seen in undifferentiated pleomorphic liposarcoma. In the splenic hilum, scattered atypical cells were detected in the sclerosing component and adipose tissue. Immunohistochemically, both the spindle cells in the spleen and the atypical cells in the splenic hilum were positive for MDM2 and CDK4. The histopathologic diagnosis was dedifferentiated liposarcoma derived from an atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma of the adipose tissue in the splenic hilum with extension into the spleen. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the spleen and splenic hilum should be considered as a differential diagnosis of splenic tumors.
Equal 3-Year Outcomes for Kidney Transplantation Alone in HCV-Positive Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Parsikia Afshin , Campos Stalin , Khanmoradi Kamran , Pang John , Balasubramanian Manjula , Zaki Radi , Ortiz Jorge 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Kidney transplantation alone in clinically compensated patients with cirrhosis is not well documented. Current guidelines list cirrhosis as a contraindication for kidney transplantation alone. This is an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective study. We report our experience with a retrospective comparison between transplants in hepatitis C virus–positive (HCV+) patients without cirrhosis and HCV+ patients with cirrhosis. All of the patients were followed for at least a full 3-year period. All of the deaths and graft losses were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methodology. One- and three-year cumulative patient survival rates for noncirrhotic patients were 91% and 82%, respectively. For cirrhotic patients, one- and three-year cumulative patient survival rates were 100% and 83%, respectively (P = NS). One- and three-year cumulative graft survival rates censored for death were 94% and 81%, and 95% and 82% for the noncirrhosis and cirrhosis groups, respectively (P = NS). Comparable patient and allograft survival rates were observed when standard kidney allograft recipients were analyzed separately. This study is the longest follow-up document in the literature showing that HCV+ clinically ompensated patients with cirrhosis may undergo kidney transplantation alone as a safe and viable practice.
Intramedullary Cervical Tuberculoma: A Case Report With Note on Surgical Management
Authors: Ju Hong-Bin , Guo Dong-Ming , Chen Fan-Fan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study aims to report a relatively rare entity—intramedullary tuberculum of cervical spine—and describe its management and some key learning points. Intramedullary tuberculomas are rare entities. Intramedullary tuberculoma is most commonly found in the thoracic cord of a patient and is rarely seen in the cervical cord. We present an intramedullary cervical tuberculoma in a 21-year-old patient with finding of spinal cord compression. All 4 limbs were spastic, with grade 1 power on the right side and grade 3 power on the left side. Sensory deficit was found below the C6 level. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intramedullary lesion at the C5 to C6 levels. Intramedullary tuberculoma was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, physical examination, previous history, and magnetic resonance imaging. A C5 to C7 laminectomy was performed. Intramedullary tuberculoma was resected by microsurgery. One year after the surgery, strength returned to normal grade 5. Excellent clinical outcome was obtained with a combination of both medical and surgical treatments. Intramedullary cervical tuberculoma should be removed without delay to eliminate any mass effect on the neurons as soon as possible.
Should Subtotal Thyroidectomy Be Abandoned in Multinodular Goiter Patients From Endemic Regions Requiring Surgery?
Authors: Yoldas Tayfun , Makay Ozer , Icoz Gokhan , Kose Timur , Gezer Gulten , Kismali Erkan , Tamsel Sadık , Ozbek Sureyya , Yılmaz Mustafa , Akyildiz Mahir 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The most convenient surgical procedure for benign thyroid diseases is still controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence after different thyroidectomy procedures in multinodular goiter patients. Patients were separated into two groups according to the detection of a recurrent nodule or not after thyroidectomy. Of the 748 patients, 216 (29%) had recurrence, while 532 had no recurrent nodule. The difference between surgical procedures described as subtotal (ST), near total (NT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) was statistically significant. Transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly higher in NT and TT, when compared to ST patients (P &lt; 0.05). Young age, bilateral multinodular goiter and insufficient surgery are risk factors affecting recurrence for benign nodular thyroid disease. Currently, subtotal procedures should be discontinued and total or near total procedures should be preferred. Meanwhile, the probability of a higher risk of hypoparathyroidism should be kept in mind.
Emergency Presenting Colon Cancer Is an Independent Predictor of Adverse Disease-Free Survival
Authors: Hogan John , Samaha Georges , Burke John , Chang Kah Hoong , Condon Eoghan , Waldron David , Coffey John Calvin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Twenty percent of colon cancers present as an emergency. However, the association between emergency presentation and disease-free survival (DFS) remains uncertain. Consecutive patients who underwent elective (CC) and emergent (eCC) resection for colon cancer were included in the analysis. Survival outcomes were compared between the 2 groups in univariate/multivariate analyses. A total of 439 patients underwent colonic resection for colon cancer during the interval 2000−2010; 97 (22.1%) presented as an emergency. eCC tumors were more often located at the splenic flexure (P = 0.017) and descending colon (P = 0.004). The eCC group displayed features of more advanced disease with a higher proportion of T4 (P = 0.009), N2 tumors (P &lt; 0.01) and lymphovascular invasion (P&lt; 0.01). eCC was associated with adverse locoregional recurrence (P = 0.02) and adverse DFS (P &lt; 0.01 ) on univariate analysis. eCC remained an independent predictor of adverse locoregional recurrence (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.50–3.30, P = 0.03) and DFS (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.88–1.92, P = 0.05) on multivariate analysis. eCC was not associated with adverse overall survival and systemic recurrence. eCC is an independent predictor of adverse locoregional recurrence and DFS.
Surgical Management of Left Upper Quadrant Sided Rectus Sheath Hematoma Occurred by Coughing in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Yun Sangchul , Cho Sungwoo , Kim Zisun , Chong Han Ul , Kim Jae Joon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rarely-occurring disease that is usually associated with anticoagulation, trauma, or spontaneous events. Most spontaneous rectus sheath hematomas may be relieved with conservative management. However, some extreme situations need surgical approach. Respecting the fact that the inferior epigastric artery mainly supplies the rectus abdominis muscle, interrupting its proximal side would cease the bleeding. We present a stepped procedure of ligation of the inferior epigastric artery and evacuation of hematoma with good field of vision in case of rectus sheath hematoma in hemodialysis patient.
Additional Gastrectomy After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yajima Hiroshi , Omura Noburo , Takahashi Naoto , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathological characteristics of cases undergoing additional gastrectomy after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC) and the appropriate strategy for treating those after incomplete EMR. We studied 16 patients who underwent additional gastrectomy after EMR for EGC. The reasons for additional gastrectomy were positive horizontal margin (8 cases), indeterminate horizontal margin (2 cases), positive vertical margin (4 cases), submucosal invasion (7 cases), lymphatic invasion (4 cases), venous invasion (1 case), and local recurrence (2 cases, including overlapped cases). Residual cancer was found in 6 of the 13 cases (46%), while no lymph node metastasis was found in any case; there were cases in which local resection was possible depending on tumor location and cases in which additional gastrectomy was performed due to suspected residual cancer but the specimens were free of cancer; follow-up without intervention appears to be feasible in some of these cases. When performing additional gastrectomy after EMR, the most appropriate method should be chosen so as not to worsen the quality of life of the patient while taking radical cure into consideration.
Laparoscopic Excision Versus Open Excision for the Treatment of Choledochal Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhen Chen , Xia Zhang , Long Li , Lishuang Ma , Pu Yu , Wenjuan Zheng , Xiaofan Li 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In 1723, Vater first described choledochal cyst and in 1977, Todani et al classified this disease. For many years, open excision (OP) as the standard procedure made a great impact in the treatment of choledochal cyst. Since 1995, when Farello et al first reported laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision, laparoscopic excision (LA) has been used worldwide. However, its safety remains a major concern. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare OP with LA in treating choledochal cyst and then to determine whether LA is safe and valid. The design of this study involved systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources were Medline, Ovid, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane library. The study selection entailed comparative cohort studies. For data extraction, 2 investigators independently assessed selected studies and extracted the following information: study characteristics, quality, outcomes data, etc. For the results, 7 comparative cohort studies about the effectiveness of LA compared with OP were performed meta-analysis. The results showed that although the LA group had a longer operative time (MD = 56.57; 95% CI = 32.20–80.93; P &lt; 0.00001), LA had a shorter duration of hospital stay (MD = −1.93; 95% CI = −2.51 to −1.36; P &lt; 0.00001), and recovery of bowel function (MD = −0.94; 95% CI = −1.33 to −0.55; P &lt; 0.00001). Meta-analysis found no significant difference between most of the 2 groups: bile leak (RR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.29–1.24; P = 0.17), abdominal bleeding (RR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.01–8.98; P = 0.51), pancreatitis (RR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06–1.03; P = 0.06), total postoperative complications (RR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.66–1.62; P = 0.88). The LA group had significant lower rates in intraoperative blood transfusion (RR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.11–0.38; P &lt; 0.00001), and adhesive intestinal obstruction (RR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04–0.77; P = 0.02). In conclusion, compared with open excision, laparoscopic excision is a safe, valid, and feasible alternative to open excision.
A Novel Bowel Necrosis Classification System and Examination of Patient Outcomes in Incarcerated Groin Hernia Patients
Authors: Duan Sheng-jun , Ding Nai-yong , Liu Hua-shui , Li Qian , Zhang Shi-ye , Gai Xue-yin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine a classification system for BN in incarcerated groin hernia patients and to explore the possible relationship between BN staging and patient outcomes. Incarcerated groin hernia patients treated with emergency bowel resection from January 2008 to December 2013 were screened for inclusion in a prospective study. A novel three-stage classification system was proposed for BN (BN stages I–III) and correlations between adverse events (AEs) and mortality with BN stage were determined. A total of 108 patients were included, with 71, 26, and 11 patients in BN stages I, II, and III, respectively. AEs, which included wound and intra-abdominal infections and other systemic complications, increased with higher BN stage (all P &lt; 0.05). Mortality increased with BN stage, with 2.8%, 7.7%, and 27.3% at BN stages I, II, and III, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The proposed BN staging system can objectively reflect the degree of bowel damage and its corresponding adverse outcomes.