bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourniquet device for hemorrhage control during cesarean section of complete placenta previa pregnancies
Authors: Deng Li , Chang Qing , Wang Yanzhou , Wang Lin , Li Yudi , Hu Qunying 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo reduce massive and potentially fatal hemorrhage during cesarean section (CS) delivery because of the transverse incision through the lower uterine segment and placenta in central placenta previa (CPP), especially the type in which the placenta attaches to the anterior wall of the uterus.MethodsThirty‐four patients with CPP were enrolled in the study and 14 of them accepted the tourniquet method. The main outcome evaluations were blood loss, the proportion of red blood cell‐transfused patients, the need for other hemostatic procedures and complications in either the mother or infant after the completion of the tourniquet procedure.ResultsA statistically significant benefit was noted between the two groups of the frequency of post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH), the median estimated blood loss and the proportion of transfused patients. The effectiveness of the tourniquet method could be further proved by the relative risk with confidence intervals for PPH data and additional procedures.ConclusionThe clinical data of 34 patients show that this is an effective surgical treatment to reduce blood loss and suggest that there is negligible harm to patients and fetuses.
Risk factors for non‐syndromic oral clefts: a matched case–control study in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Qi L , Liu J , Zhang Y , Wang J , Yang M , Gong T , Shen M , Du Y 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for CL/P in Hubei Province, China.MethodsA hospital‐based, matched case–control study was conducted. One hundred and eight cases with CL/P were matched by age and sex with 108 normal controls. Their parents were retrospectively interviewed using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate the relative risk by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.ResultsUnivariate analysis identified ten factors as significantly related to CL/P (P < 0.05). Multivariate conditional logistic regression models showed that five of these factors were significantly associated with CL/P. Paternal occupational exposure (OR = 13.08, 95% CI: 2.35–72.86), first‐trimester maternal illness (OR = 36.67, 95% CI: 5.37–250.36), first‐trimester maternal bad mood (OR = 8.69, 95% CI: 1.35–55.84), first‐trimester maternal diet of eggs or milk (≥5 meals per week, OR = 6.72, 95% CI: 1.23–36.69), and first‐trimester maternal sexual activity (OR = 5.98, CI 95%:1.14–31.49) were risk factors for CL/P.ConclusionsIn our study, we identified that paternal occupational exposure, first‐trimester maternal illness, first‐trimester maternal bad mood, first‐trimester maternal diet of eggs or milk (≥5 meals per week), and first‐trimester maternal sexual activities were significantly associated with increased CL/P.
Low-Molecular-Mass Penicillin Binding Protein 6b (DacD) Is Required for Efficient GOB-18 Metallo-β-Lactamase Biogenesis in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli
Authors: Brambilla Luciano , Morán-Barrio Jorgelina , Viale Alejandro M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are Zn
2+
-containing secretory enzymes of clinical relevance, whose final folding and metal ion assembly steps in Gram-negative bacteria occur after secretion of the apo form to the periplasmic space. In the search of periplasmic factors assisting MBL biogenesis, we found that
dacD
null (Δ
dacD
) mutants of
Salmonella enterica
and
Escherichia coli
expressing the pre-GOB-18 MBL gene from plasmids showed significantly reduced resistance to cefotaxime and concomitant lower accumulation of GOB-18 in the periplasm. This reduced accumulation of GOB-18 resulted from increased accessibility to proteolytic attack in the periplasm, suggesting that the lack of DacD negatively affects the stability of secreted apo MBL forms. Moreover, Δ
dacD
mutants of
S. enterica
and
E. coli
showed an altered ability to develop biofilm growth. DacD is a widely distributed low-molecular-mass (LMM) penicillin binding protein (PBP6b) endowed with low
dd
-carboxypeptidase activity whose functions are still obscure. Our results indicate roles for DacD in assisting biogenesis of particular secretory macromolecules in Gram-negative bacteria and represent to our knowledge the first reported phenotypes for bacterial mutants lacking this LMM PBP.
Ribavirin Inhibits
In Vitro
Hepatitis E Virus Replication through Depletion of Cellular GTP Pools and Is Moderately Synergistic with Alpha Interferon
Authors: Debing Yannick , Emerson Suzanne U. , Wang Yijin , Pan Qiuwei , Balzarini Jan , Dallmeier Kai , Neyts Johan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis that results in high mortality in pregnant women and may establish chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. We demonstrate for the first time that alpha interferon (IFN-α) and ribavirin inhibit
in vitro
HEV replication in both a subgenomic replicon and an infectious culture system based on a genotype 3 strain. IFN-α showed a moderate but significant synergism with ribavirin. These findings corroborate the reported clinical effectiveness of both drugs. In addition, the antiviral activity of ribavirin against wild-type genotype 1, 2, and 3 strains was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the
in vitro
activity of ribavirin depends on depletion of intracellular GTP pools, which is evident from the facts that (i) other GTP-depleting agents (5-ethynyl-1-β-
d
-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide [EICAR] and mycophenolic acid) inhibit viral replication, (ii) exogenously added guanosine reverses the antiviral effects, and (iii) a strong correlation (
R
2
= 0.9998) exists between the antiviral activity and GTP depletion of ribavirin and other GTP-depleting agents.
Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Ablates the Invasive Phenotype of Glioblastoma
Authors: Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Zhou Shaoxia , Nonnenmacher Lisa , Karpel-Massler Georg , Jennewein Claudia , Schneider Matthias , Halatsch Marc-Eric , Carragher Neil O. , Baumann Bernd , Krause Alexander , Simmet Thomas , Bachem Max G. , Wirtz Christian R. , Debatin Klaus-Michael 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly refractory to therapy, mainly due to its ability to form micrometastases, which are small clusters or individual cells that rapidly transverse the brain and make full surgical resection impossible. Here, it is demonstrated that the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme is orchestrated by the transcription factor NF-κB which, via metalloproteinases (MMP), regulates fibronectin processing. Both, cell lines and tumor stem cells from primary glioblastoma multiforme, secrete high levels of fibronectin which when cleaved by MMPs forms an extracellular substrate. Subsequently, forming and interacting with their own microenvironment, glioblastoma multiforme cells are licensed to invade their surroundings. Mechanistic study revealed that NF-κB inhibition, either genetically or pharmacologically, by treatment with Disulfiram, significantly abolished the invasive phenotype in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, having delineated the underlying molecular mechanism of glioblastoma multiforme invasion, the potential of a disulfiram-based therapy was revealed in a highly invasive orthotrophic glioblastoma multiforme mouse model.
Implications: This study defines a novel therapeutic approach that inhibits micrometastases invasion and reverts lethal glioblastoma into a less aggressive disease. Mol Cancer Res; 11(12); 1611–23. ©2013 AACR.
Prepregnancy Obesity and Associations With Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Women in the Years After Childbirth
Authors: Schmiegelow Michelle Dalgas , Andersson Charlotte , Køber Lars , Andersen Søren Skøtt , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Jensen Thomas Bo , Azimi Aziza , Nielsen Mia Birgitte , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Cardiovascular events (stroke or myocardial infarction) are often associated with poorer prognosis in younger, compared with older individuals. We examined the associations between prepregnancy obesity and the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke in young, healthy women.

Methods and Results—

All Danish women giving birth during 2004–2009 without a history of renal disease or cardiovascular disease were identified from national registers and followed for a median time of 4.5 years (interquartile range, 2.8–5.8). They were grouped according to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m
2
), normal weight (BMI=18.5–<25 kg/m
2
), overweight (BMI=25–<30 kg/m
2
), and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
). The hazard ratios of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and a composite outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death) were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. We included 273 101 women with a median age of 30.4 years (interquartile range, 27.2–33.8). A total of 68 women experienced a myocardial infarction, and 175 women experienced an ischemic stroke. The adjusted hazard ratios of myocardial infarction compared with normal weight were 2.50 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.97–6.50) in underweight, 1.68 (95% CI, 0.92–3.06) in overweight, and 2.63 (95% CI, 1.41–4.91) in obese women. For ischemic stroke the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.44–2.28) in underweight, 1.27 (95% CI, 0.87–1.85) in overweight, and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.25–2.84) in obese women, respectively. For the composite outcome, hazard ratios were 1.34 (95% CI, 0.81–2.20), 1.43 (95% CI, 1.11–1.84), and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.31–2.34) for underweight, overweight, and obese women.

Conclusions—
In apparently healthy women of fertile age, prepregnancy obesity was associated with increased risks of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction in the years after childbirth.
Mild Antithrombin Deficiency and Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Dentali Francesco , Lupoli Roberta , Ageno Walter 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Antithrombin deficiency, defined by antithrombin levels of <70%, is a major thrombophilic condition associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). No prospective data are available about the risk of recurrent VTE associated with mildly decreased antithrombin levels (70–80%).

Methods and Results—
Consecutive patients with a first VTE were stratified according to functional antithrombin levels (<70%, 70–80%, >80%) and were followed up for a mean of 8.70 years to assess the incidence of VTE recurrence. A total of 823 patients (mean age, 48.3 years; 41.9% male) were enrolled. Recurrent VTE occurred in 253 patients (3.53% per patient-year). With stratification for antithrombin levels, VTE recurrence occurred in 19 patients with antithrombin levels <70% (5.90% per patient-year), in 20 patients with antithrombin levels 70% to 80% (5.35% per patient-year), and in 214 patients with antithrombin levels >80% (3.31% per patient-year). After adjustment for major VTE risk factors and for anticoagulation duration, the risk of VTE recurrence was significantly higher in patients with antithrombin levels <70% (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 2.16–5.61) and antithrombin levels 70% to 80% (hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–3.80) compared with patients with antithrombin levels >80%. When the population was stratified according to the presence or absence of major risk factors for the index event, the association remained significant only in patients with unprovoked VTE.

Conclusions—
The presence of mild antithrombin deficiency (70–80% antithrombin) in patients with unprovoked VTE is associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence and should be taken into account when the duration of secondary prevention is determined.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01382550.
Plasma Phospholipid Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in the OPERA Trial
Authors: Wu Jason H. Y. , Marchioli Roberto , Silletta Maria G. , Macchia Alejandro , Song Xiaoling , Siscovick David S. , Harris William S. , Masson Serge , Latini Roberto , Albert Christine , Brown Nancy J. , Lamarra Mauro , Favaloro Roberto R. , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: October 2013

Background

Long‐chain polyunsaturated omega‐3 fatty acids (n‐3
PUFA
) demonstrated antiarrhythmic potential in experimental studies. In a large multinational randomized trial (
OPERA
), perioperative fish oil supplementation did not reduce the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (
PoAF
) in cardiac surgery patients. However, whether presupplementation habitual plasma phospholipid n‐3
PUFA
, or achieved or change in n‐3
PUFA
level postsupplementation are associated with lower risk of
PoAF
is unknown.

Methods and Results

In 564 subjects undergoing cardiac surgery between August 2010 and June 2012 in 28 centers across 3 countries, plasma phospholipid levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (
EPA
), docosapentaenoic acid (
DPA
), and docosahexaenoic acid (
DHA
) were measured at enrollment and again on the morning of cardiac surgery following fish oil or placebo supplementation (10 g over 3 to 5 days, or 8 g over 2 days). The primary endpoint was incident
PoAF
lasting ≥30 seconds, centrally adjudicated, and confirmed by rhythm strip or
ECG
. Secondary endpoints included sustained (≥1 hour), symptomatic, or treated
PoAF
; the time to first
PoAF
; and the number of
PoAF
episodes per patient.
PoAF
outcomes were assessed until hospital discharge or postoperative day 10, whichever occurred first. Relative to the baseline, fish oil supplementation increased phospholipid concentrations of
EPA
(+142%),
DPA
(+13%), and
DHA
(+22%) (
P
<0.001 each). Substantial interindividual variability was observed for change in total n‐3
PUFA
(range=−0.7% to 7.5% after 5 days of supplementation). Neither individual nor total circulating n‐3
PUFA
levels at enrollment, morning of surgery, or change between these time points were associated with risk of
PoAF
. The multivariable‐adjusted
OR
(95%
CI
) across increasing quartiles of total n‐3
PUFA
at enrollment were 1.0, 1.06 (0.60 to 1.90), 1.35 (0.76 to 2.38), and 1.19 (0.64 to 2.20); and for changes in n‐3
PUFA
between enrollment and the morning of surgery were 1.0, 0.78 (0.44 to 1.39), 0.89 (0.51 to 1.55), and 1.01 (0.58 to 1.75). In stratified analysis, demographic, medication, and cardiac parameters did not significantly modify these associations. Findings were similar for secondary
PoAF
endpoints.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, neither higher habitual circulating n‐3
PUFA
levels, nor achieved levels or changes following short‐term fish oil supplementation are associated with risk of
PoAF
.

Clinical Trial Registration
URL: Clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00970489
Cardiac Rehabilitation Patient and Organizational Factors: What Keeps Patients in Programs?
Authors: Turk‐Adawi Karam I. , Oldridge Neil B. , Tarima Sergey S. , Stason William B. , Shepard Donald S. 
Published: October 2013

Background
Despite documented benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, adherence to programs is suboptimal with an average dropout rate of between 24% and 50%. The goal of this study was to identify organizational and patient factors associated with cardiac rehabilitation adherence.

Methods and Results

Facilities of the
W
isconsin
C
ardiac
R
ehabilitation
O
utcomes
R
egistry Project (N=38) were surveyed and records of 4412 enrolled patients were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering of patients within facilities. The results show that organizational factors associated with significantly increased adherence were relaxation training and diet classes (group and individual formats) and group‐based psychological counseling, medication counseling, and lifestyle modification, the medical director's presence in the cardiac rehabilitation activity area for ≥15 min/week, assessment of patient satisfaction, adequate space, and adequate equipment. Patient factors associated with significantly increased adherence were aged ≥65 years, the
A
merican
A
ssociation of
C
ardiovascular and
P
ulmonary
R
ehabilitation (
AACVPR
) high‐risk category, having received coronary artery bypass grafting, and diabetes disease. Non‐white race was negatively associated with adherence. There was no significant gender difference in adherence. None of the baseline patient clinical profiles were associated with adherence including body mass index, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure.

Conclusions
Factors associated with adherence to cardiac rehabilitation included both organizational and patient factors. Modifiable organizational factors may help directors of cardiac rehabilitation programs improve patient adherence to this beneficial program.
New insights in osteogenic differentiation revealed by mass spectrometric assessment of phosphorylated substrates in murine skin mesenchymal cells
Authors: Halcsik Erik , Forni Maria Fernanda , Fujita Andre , Verano-Braga Thiago , Jensen Ole Nørregaard , Sogayar Mari Cleide 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Bone fractures and loss represent significant costs for the public health system and often affect the patients quality of life, therefore, understanding the molecular basis for bone regeneration is essential. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, secreted by inflammatory cells at the lesion site, at the very beginning of the repair process, act as chemotactic factors for mesenchymal stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts through the autocrine and paracrine action of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP-2. Although it is known that BMP-2 binds to ActRI/BMPR and activates the SMAD 1/5/8 downstream effectors, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms participating in osteoblastic differentiation. We assessed differences in the phosphorylation status of different cellular proteins upon BMP-2 osteogenic induction of isolated murine skin mesenchymal stem cells using Triplex Stable Isotope Dimethyl Labeling coupled with LC/MS.

Results
From 150 μg of starting material, 2,264 proteins were identified and quantified at five different time points, 235 of which are differentially phosphorylated. Kinase motif analysis showed that several substrates display phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase, p38, CDK and JNK. Gene ontology analysis showed an increase in biological processes related with signaling and differentiation at early time points after BMP2 induction. Moreover, proteins involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, Wnt and Ras pathways were found to be differentially phosphorylated during all timepoints studied.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data, allow new insights on the intracellular substrates which are phosphorylated early on during differentiation to BMP2-driven osteoblastic differentiation of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Age and menopause affect the expression of specific cytokines/chemokines in plasma and cervical lavage samples from female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Sivro Aida , Lajoie Julie , Kimani Joshua , Jaoko Walter , Plummer Francis A , Fowke Keith , Ball T Blake 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAging of the immune system, known as immunosenescence, is associated with profound changes in both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection and a decreased ability to respond to vaccination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age and menopause on the expression of 22 different cytokines/chemokines in both plasma and cervical lavage samples from female sex-worker cohort from Nairobi, Kenya (age range 20–65).ResultsCytokine/chemokine levels were measured using a Miliplex multiplex assay (Millipore). We found that age positively correlated with MCP-1 (p = 0.0002) and IP-10 (p = 0.03) systemic cytokine expression, and that women over 50 expressed the highest levels of these cytokines, but also had elevated expression of MIG (ANOVA p = 0.0096) and MIP-3β(ANOVA p = 0.0434). We also found that IL-8 (p = 0.047) and sCD40L (p = 0.01) systemic expression negatively correlated with age. Further, MIG (p = 0.0081) and MCP-1 (p = 0.0157) were present at higher levels in post-menopausal women suggesting a potential estrogen dependant systemic regulation of these cytokines. In cervical lavage samples, age did not directly correlate with the expression of any of the tested cytokines/chemokines, however sIL-2Rα (ANOVA p = 0.0170) and IL-15 (ANOVA p = 0.0251)were significantly higher in women over 50. Menopause was shown to have a more profound effect on cytokine expression in the cervical mucosa with MIG (p = 0.0256), MIP-3α (p = 0.0245), IL-1β (p = 0.0261), IL-6 (p = 0.0462), IL-8 (p = 0.007), IP-10 (p = 0.0357) and MCP-1 (p = 0.0427) all significantly under-expressed in post-menopausal women.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that aging and menopause-associated hormonal changes are associated with significant changes in systemic and mucosal cytokine/chemokine expression, which may have implications for the age-related decline in the ability to fight against infections.
Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer Among High-Risk Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moorman Patricia G. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Gierisch Jennifer M. , Coeytaux Remy R. , Lowery William J. , Peragallo Urrutia Rachel , Dinan Michaela , McBroom Amanda J. , Hasselblad Vic , Sanders Gillian D. , Myers Evan R. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose To estimate the risks of ovarian cancer and breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use among women at elevated risk owing to mutations in BRCA1/2 or a strong family history. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published 2000 to 2012 that evaluated associations between OC use and breast or ovarian cancer among women who are carriers of a BRCA1/2 mutation or have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Results From 6,476 unique citations, we identified six studies examining ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and eight studies examining breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. For BRCA1/2 mutation carriers combined, meta-analysis showed an inverse association between OC use and ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73) and a nonstatistically significant association with breast cancer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.58). Findings were similar when examining BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers separately. Data were inadequate to perform meta-analyses examining duration or timing of use. For women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, we identified four studies examining risk for ovarian cancer and three for breast cancer, but differences between studies precluded combining the data for meta-analyses, and no overall pattern could be discerned. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that associations between ever use of OCs and ovarian and breast cancer among women who are BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are similar to those reported for the general population.