bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between body iron stores and adipose tissue function in patients with manifest vascular disease
Authors: Westerink Jan , Olijhoek Jobien K. , Koppen Arjen , Faber Daniël R. , Kalkhoven Eric , Monajemi Houshang , van Asbeck B. Sweder , van der Graaf Yolanda , Visseren Frank L. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether plasma ferritin levels through the pro‐inflammatory effects of free iron are associated with adipose tissue dysfunction in a relevant population of patients with manifest vascular disease who would potentially benefit the most from further aetiological insights.Materials and methodsIn a cohort of 355 patients with vascular diseases, the association between plasma ferritin and adiponectin levels was quantified using linear regression analysis. Interleukin‐6 and adiponectin levels were measured in medium from pre‐adipocytes and adipocytes after incubation with increasing concentrations of Fe(III)‐citrate and after co‐incubation with iron chelators or radical scavengers.ResultsIncreasing ferritin plasma concentrations were not related to plasma adiponectin levels in patients without (β −0·13; 95% CI −0·30 to 0·04) or with the metabolic syndrome (β −0·04; 95% CI −0·17 to 0·10). Similar results were found in patients who developed a new cardiovascular event in the follow‐up period. In vitro, incubation with increasing concentrations of Fe(III)‐citrate‐induced inflammation in pre‐adipocyte cultures as witnessed by increased IL‐6 secretion at 30 μm Fe(III)‐citrate vs. control (500 ± 98 pg/mL vs. 194 ± 31 pg/mL, P = 0·03). Co‐incubation of pre‐adipocytes with iron chelators or radical scavengers prevented this inflammatory response. Incubation of adipocytes with 30 μm Fe(III)‐citrate did not influence adiponectin secretion compared with control.ConclusionsIn patients with vascular disease, there is no association between plasma ferritin and adiponectin levels. In vitro, free iron induces an inflammatory response in pre‐adipocytes, but not in adipocytes. This response was blocked by co‐incubation with iron chelators or radical scavengers. Adiponectin secretion by adipocytes was not influenced by free iron.
Logic and Ontology in Hegel's Theory of Predication
Authors: Harrelson Kevin J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper I sketch some arguments that underlie Hegel's chapter on judgment, and I attempt to place them within a broad tradition in the history of logic. Focusing on his analysis of simple predicative assertions or ‘positive judgments’, I first argue that Hegel supplies an instructive alternative to the classical technique of existential quantification. The main advantage of his theory lies in his treatment of the ontological implications of judgments, implications that are inadequately captured by quantification. The second concern of this paper is the manner in which Hegel makes logic not only dependent on ontology generally, but also variant in regard to domains of objects. In other words, he offers a domain‐specific logical theory, according to which the form of judgment or inference is specific to the subject of judgment. My third concern lies with the metaphilosophical consequences of this theory, and this includes some more familiar Hegelian themes. It is well known that Hegel frequently questioned the adequacy of the sentential form for expressing higher order truths. My reading of his theory of predication explains and contextualizes this tendency by demystifying notions like the so‐called speculative proposition.
Horse‐, rider‐, venue‐ and environment‐related risk factors for elimination fromFédérationEquestreInternationale endurance rides due to lameness and metabolic reasons
Authors: Nagy A. , Murray J. K. , Dyson S. J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyThere is limited information on risk factors for elimination from endurance rides.ObjectivesTo assess risk factors for elimination for lameness and metabolic reasons fromFédérationEquestreInternationale (FEI) endurance rides of 80–160 km distance.Study designUnmatched case–control.MethodsVenue‐, horse‐ and rider‐related data were collected from theFEIwebsite. Data on weather conditions and terrain were collected at the venue. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for elimination for lameness and metabolic reasons, respectively.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression on 1435 horse starts revealed that the venue was significantly associated with elimination for lameness (P = 0.013). The horse's previous experience at a greater distance than the current ride (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.95, P = 0.008) and >90 days elapsed since the lastFEIride (OR= 0.78, 95%CI0.62–0.99, P = 0.044) significantly reduced the risk of elimination for lameness. In the multivariable model for elimination for metabolic reasons, the venue (P = 0.011), increasing number of started horses (OR= 1.008, 95%CI1.00–1.01, P = 0.001) and deep sand or soil on the track (OR= 1.98, 95%CI1.17–3.35, P = 0.001) significantly increased the risk of elimination for metabolic reasons.ConclusionsReducing the frequency of racing may contribute to decreased risk of elimination for lameness. Competing in deep sand or soil may contribute to exhaustion, leading to elimination for metabolic reasons. Eliminations are likely to be the end result of a complex process, and not every aspect was or can be measured. Further studies with a larger number of horse starts and assessment of variables that could not be measured in this study may identify additional risk factors that can be modified.
Effects of angling and manual handling on pike behaviour investigated by high‐resolution positional telemetry
Authors: Baktoft H. , Aarestrup K. , Berg S. , Boel M. , Jacobsen L. , Koed A. , Pedersen M. W. , Svendsen J. C. , Skov C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHuman disturbances such as angling and manual handling may have long‐term effects on the behaviour of pike, Esox lucius L., an ecologically important species. Using continuous high‐resolution positional telemetry, this study compared the swimming activity of handled and unhandled pike in a small lake. Pike pre‐equipped with acoustic transmitters were angled and exposed to a handling protocol including measurements of length and mass. Pike not recaptured constituted an unhandled control group. Results demonstrated that the handling protocol caused temperature‐dependent changes in pike activity, with higher temperatures leading to lower activity of the recaptured pike. The effects, however, were transitory and not detectable after 48‐h post‐release. These findings indicate that pike are relatively resilient to handling and quickly resume pre‐handling activity.
Systematic point sampling of fish communities in medium‐ and large‐sized rivers: sampling procedure and effort
Authors: Tomanova S. , Tedesco P. A. , Roset N. , Berrebi dit Thomas R. , Belliard J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCompared with small rivers and streams, the study of fish communities in large rivers remains challenging as spatial and temporal data variability can be greatly influenced by sampling strategy and operator choice. In an attempt to limit this variability, a new sampling protocol for fish communities in medium‐ to large‐sized rivers was developed, based on point sampling by electric fishing and using standardised procedures and effort. Here, change in data quality (assemblage abundance, richness, structure and biotic index) with increasing sampling effort (from 1 to 100 sampling points) was evaluated. A total of 75 sampling points are proposed as the standard number of samples per site. Broadly, the results show that the application of 75 sampling points provides a reproducible representation of fish community structure in medium and large rivers, with little additional information provided by further sampling except under certain conditions, when 100 points are recommended to maintain data quality.
Mortality of European eel after downstream migration through two types of pumping stations
Authors: Buysse D. , Mouton A. M. , Stevens M. , Van den Neucker T. , Coeck J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough numerous pumping stations (PS) have been used by water managers for numerous applications on rivers, canals and other water bodies, their impact on fish populations is poorly understood. This study investigates European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), mortality after natural downstream passage through a propeller pump and two Archimedes screw pumps at two PSs on two lowland canals in Belgium. Fyke nets were mounted permanently on the outflow of the pumps during the silver eel migration periods. Based on the condition and injuries, maximum eel mortality rates were assessed. Mortality rates ranged from 97 ± 5% for the propeller pump to 17 ± 7% for the large Archimedes screw pump and 19 ± 11% for the small Archimedes screw pump. Most injuries were caused by striking or grinding. The results demonstrate that PSs may significantly threaten escapement targets set in eel management plans.
A Systematic Review of Behavioral Headache Interventions With an Aerobic Exercise Component
Authors: Baillie Lauren E. , Gabriele Jeanne M. , Penzien Donald B. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundBehavioral approaches have been found to be effective in managing chronic headache. Recently, attention has been given to the role of exercise in chronic headache management, although much of the literature addresses it as a monotherapy. The current review assesses the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunct to other behavioral treatments for chronic headache.ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodology and outcomes of studies using behavioral headache interventions with an aerobic exercise component.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed and PsychInfo to identify studies that offered or recommended aerobic exercise as part of a multicomponent treatment for headaches. The search included only those articles that were written in English and published in academic journals.ResultsNine studies met inclusion criteria, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials. Despite methodological limitations, results of existing studies suggest that the behavioral headache interventions that include aerobic exercise may be associated with positive outcomes for headache variables. Four single‐group studies reported statistically significant improvements in at least 1 headache variable at the end of treatment. Both randomized controlled trials and 1 non‐randomized trial reported statistically significant post‐treatment improvement in at least 1 headache outcome variable in the intervention group compared with control groups.ConclusionsIncorporating exercise into behavioral headache treatments appears to be promising, but as studies to date have not evaluated the individual contribution of exercise, its role in managing headache symptoms is unclear. Further work is needed to evaluate the unique role of exercise in such treatment programs. Recommendations for future research include adhering to published guidelines for clinical trial design and reporting, adhering to existing guidelines for headache research (such as reporting outcome data for multiple headache variables), developing exercise prescriptions based on public health recommendations, and reporting all aspects of exercise prescriptions.
Duloxetine Prophylaxis for Episodic Migraine in Persons Without Depression: A Prospective Study
Authors: Young William B. , Bradley Kathleen C. , Anjum M. Waseem , Gebeline‐Myers Cheryl 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of daily duloxetine, 60‐120 mg, on the frequency, duration, and severity of migraine attacks and the level of disability in episodic migraineurs.BackgroundThere is a need for more proven effective migraine preventive medications. Two antidepressants, both of which block serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, have been shown to be effective in the preventive treatment of migraine. Neither has earned a level A recommendation in the 2012 guidelines of the American Academy of Neurology. Duloxetine also blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.MethodsThis was a prospective, 5‐visit study on duloxetine treatment of episodic migraine headache with 4‐10 migraine days, and less than 15 headache days per month. Patients were titrated to a goal dose of 120 mg. They were excluded if they had depression.ResultsThere were 22 completers plus 5 subjects who took at least 1 dose of drug. The mean duloxetine dose was 110 mg. In a modified intent‐to‐treat analysis, subjects went from 9.2 ± 2.7 headache days per month at baseline to 4.5 ± 3.4 headache days per month (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the average headache duration, average headache severity, maximum headache attack severity, and level of functioning. Fifty‐two percent of subjects had a 50% or greater improvement in headache days.ConclusionsMigraine prophylactic treatment with high‐dose duloxetine may be effective in a nondepressed individual. The reported treatment response is in line with other commonly used migraine preventives.
HIV testing among Portuguese men who have sex with men – results from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS)
Authors: Carvalho C , Fuertes R , Lucas R , Martins A , Campos MJ , Mendão L , Schmidt AJ , Barros H 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo describe HIV testing behaviour and context of MSM in Portugal participating in the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS).MethodsData for the Portuguese sample were extracted and those for 5187 participants were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to quantify the association between participants' characteristics and HIV testing behaviour and context.ResultsSeventy‐two percent of the participants had ever been tested for HIV and among those ever tested, 11% were diagnosed with HIV. Primary care was the most common testing setting for HIV‐negative men (37%). Compared to those never tested, men who had ever taken an HIV test had higher educational level (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.67‐2.14) and identified themselves as gay/homosexual more frequently (aOR 1.94 , 95% CI 1.70‐2.20). HIV testing odds significantly increased with the number of sexual partners in the previous 12 months. Those who reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with a partner of unknown or serodiscordant HIV status in the previous 12 months were less likely to report an HIV test (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.33–0.44). Among those never tested or who tested negative, 41% and 22% reported UAI with a partner of unknown or serodiscordant status in the previous 12 months, respectively. Among men with diagnosed HIV, 72% were currently on antiretroviral therapy and 58% reported an undetectable viral load. More than one third (38%) of those who had detectable or unknown/undisclosed viral load reported at least one episode of UAI with a partner of unknown or serodiscordant HIV status in the last 12 months.ConclusionsActual interventions should focus on: improving testing uptake and counselling; increasing treatment coverage; achieving and maintaining an undetectable viral load; and intensifying prevention efforts focused on consistent condom use.
Who are the men who have sex with men in Spain that have never been tested for HIV?
Authors: Fernández‐Dávila P , Folch C , Ferrer L , Soriano R , Diez M , Casabona J 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to describe the sociodemographic profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) who have never been tested for HIV and to analyse factors associated with never having been tested.MethodsThe European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) was implemented in 2010 in 38 European countries on websites for MSM and collected data on sociodemographics, sexual behaviour, and other sexual health variables. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess variables associated with never having been tested for HIV.ResultsOf the 13 111 respondents living in Spain, 26% had never been tested for HIV. Those who had never been tested were significantly more likely to live in a settlement with fewer than 100 000 inhabitants, be younger than 25 years old, have a lower education level, be a student, and identify themselves as bisexual. In the multivariate analysis, to have never been tested for HIV was associated with being born in Spain [odds ratio (OR) 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.192–1.539], living outside large settlements (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.216–1.534), being younger than 25 years old (OR 2.94; 95% CI 2.510–3.441), being out to no one or only a few people (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.938–2.399), having had no nonsteady partners in the last 12 months (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.109–1.422), and being not at all confident to access HIV testing (OR 3.66; 95% CI 2.676–5.003), among others factors.ConclusionsThe profile of the MSM who had never been tested for HIV indicates that most of them were men who were hard to reach (young, bisexual men, in the closet). Interventions should aim to improve access to and the convenience of testing.
Automatic oral fluid‐based HIV testing in HIV screening programmes: automatic for the people
Authors: Rayment M , Doku E , Thornton A , Pearn M , Sudhanva M , Jones R , Nardone A , Roberts P , Tenant‐Flowers M , Anderson J , Sullivan AK , Atkins M 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesUK guidelines recommend routine HIV testing in general clinical settings when the local HIV prevalence is > 0.2%. During pilot programmes evaluating the guidelines, we used laboratory‐based testing of oral fluid from patients accepting tests. Samples (n = 3721) were tested manually using the Bio‐Rad Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag‐Ab test (Bio‐Rad Laboratories Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK). This was a methodologically robust method, but handling of samples was labour intensive. We performed a validation study to ascertain whether automation of oral fluid HIV testing using the fourth‐generation HIV test on the Abbott Architect (Abbott Diagnostics, Maidenhead, UK) platform was possible.MethodsOral fluid was collected from 143 patients (56 known HIV‐positive volunteers and 87 others having contemporaneous HIV serological tests) using the Oracol+ device (Malvern Medicals, Worcester, UK). Samples were tested concurrently: manually using the Genscreen Ultra test and automatically on the Abbott Architect.ResultsFor oral fluid, the level of agreement of results between the platforms was 100%. All results agreed with HIV serology. The use of the Oracol+ device produced high‐quality samples. Subsequent field use of the test has shown a specificity of 99.97% after nearly 3000 tests.ConclusionsLaboratory‐based HIV testing of oral fluid requires less training of local staff, with fewer demands on clinical time and space than near‐patient testing. It is acceptable to patients. The validation exercise and subsequent clinical experience support automation, with test performance preserved. Automation reduces laboratory workload and speeds up the release of results. Automated oral fluid testing is thus a viable option for large‐scale HIV screening programmes.
Age‐induced hair greying – the multiple effects of oxidative stress
Authors: Seiberg M. 
Published: August 2013

SynopsisAn obvious sign of ageing is hair greying, or the loss of pigment production and deposition within the hair shafts. Numerous mechanisms, acting at different levels and follicular locations, contribute to hair greying, ranging from melanocyte stem cells defects to follicular melanocyte death. One key issue that is in common to these processes is oxidative damage. At the hair follicle stem cells niche, oxidative stress, accelerated by B‐cell lymphoma 2 gene (BCL‐2) depletion, leads to selective apoptosis and diminution of melanocyte stem cells, reducing the repopulation of newly formed anagen follicles. Melanotic bulbar melanocytes express high levels of BCL‐2 to enable survival from melanogenesis‐ and ultraviolet A (UVA)‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks. With ageing, the bulbar melanocyte expression of anti‐oxidant proteins such as BCL‐2, and possibly TRP‐2, is reduced, and the dedicated enzymatic anti‐oxidant defence system throughout the follicle weakens, resulting in enhanced oxidative stress. A marked reduction in catalase expression and activity results in millimolar accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, contributing to bulbar melanocyte malfunction and death. Interestingly, amelanotic melanocytes at the outer root sheath (ORS) are somewhat less affected by these processes and survive for longer time even within the white, ageing hair follicles. Better understanding of the overtime susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress at the different follicular locations might yield clues to possible therapies for the prevention and reversal of hair greying.
Protease activity, localization and inhibition in the human hair follicle
Authors: Bhogal R. K. , Mouser P. E. , Higgins C. A. , Turner G. A. 
Published: August 2013

SynopsisObjectiveIn humans, the process of hair shedding, referred to as exogen, is believed to occur independently of the other hair cycle phases. Although the actual mechanisms involved in hair shedding are not fully known, it has been hypothesized that the processes leading to the final step of hair shedding may be driven by proteases and/or protease inhibitor activity. In this study, we investigated the presence of proteases and protease activity in naturally shed human hairs and assessed enzyme inhibition activity of test materials.MethodsWe measured enzyme activity using a fluorescence‐based assay and protein localization by indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also developed an ex vivo skin model for measuring the force required to pull hair fibres from skin.ResultsOur data demonstrate the presence of protease activity in the tissue material surrounding club roots. We also demonstrated the localization of specific serine protease protein expression in human hair follicle by IHC. These data provide evidence demonstrating the presence of proteases around the hair club roots, which may play a role during exogen. We further tested the hypothesis that a novel protease inhibitor system (combination of Trichogen® and climbazole) could inhibit protease activity in hair fibre club root extracts collected from a range of ethnic groups (UK, Brazil, China, first‐generation Mexicans in the USA, Thailand and Turkey) in both males and females. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this combination is capable of increasing the force required to remove hair in an ex vivo skin model system.ConclusionThese studies indicate the presence of proteolytic activity in the tissue surrounding the human hair club root and show that it is possible to inhibit this activity with a combination of Trichogen® and climbazole. This technology may have potential to reduce excessive hair shedding.