bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulsion stabilizing capacity of intact starch granules modified by heat treatment or octenyl succinic anhydride
Authors: Timgren Anna , Rayner Marilyn , Dejmek Petr , Marku Diana , Sjöö Malin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStarch granules are an interesting stabilizer candidate for food‐grade Pickering emulsions. The stabilizing capacity of seven different intact starch granules for making oil‐in‐water emulsions has been the topic of this screening study. The starches were from quinoa; rice; maize; waxy varieties of rice, maize, and barley; and high‐amylose maize. The starches were studied in their native state, heat treated, and modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). The effect of varying the continuous phase, both with and without salt in a phosphate buffer, was also studied. Quinoa, which had the smallest granule size, had the best capacity to stabilize oil drops, especially when the granules had been hydrophobically modified by heat treatment or by OSA. The average drop diameter (d32) in these emulsions varied from 270 to 50 μm, where decreasing drop size and less aggregation was promoted by high starch concentration and absence of salt in the system. Of all the starch varieties studied, quinoa had the best overall emulsifying capacity, and OSA modified quinoa starch in particular. Although the size of the drops was relatively large, the drops themselves were in many instances extremely stable. In the cases where the system could stabilize droplets, even when they were so large that they were visible to the naked eye, they remained stable and the measured droplet sizes after 2 years of storage were essentially unchanged from the initial droplet size. This somewhat surprising result has been attributed to the thickness of the adsorbed starch layer providing steric stabilization. The starch particle‐stabilized Pickering emulsion systems studied in this work has potential practical application such as being suitable for encapsulation of ingredients in food and pharmaceutical products.
Evaluation of dynamically downscaled reanalysis precipitation data for hydrological application
Authors: Bastola Satish , Misra Vasubandhu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSkilful and reliable precipitation data are essential for seasonal hydrologic forecasting and generation of hydrological data. Although output from dynamic downscaling methods is used for hydrological application, the existence of systematic errors in dynamically downscaled data adversely affects the skill of hydrologic forecasting. This study evaluates the precipitation data derived by dynamically downscaling the global atmospheric reanalysis data by propagating them through three hydrological models. Hydrological models are calibrated for 28 watersheds located across the southeastern United States that is minimally affected by human intervention. Calibrated hydrological models are forced with five different types of datasets: global atmospheric reanalysis (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 40‐year Reanalysis) at their native resolution; dynamically downscaled global atmospheric reanalysis at 10‐km grid resolution; stochastically generated data from weather generator; bias‐corrected dynamically downscaled; and bias‐corrected global reanalysis. The reanalysis products are considered as surrogates for large‐scale observations. Our study indicates that over the 28 watersheds in the southeastern United States, the simulated hydrological response to the bias‐corrected dynamically downscaled data is superior to the other four meteorological datasets. In comparison with synthetically generated meteorological forcing (from weather generator), the dynamically downscaled data from global atmospheric reanalysis result in more realistic hydrological simulations. Therefore, we conclude that dynamical downscaling of global reanalysis, which offers data for sufficient number of years (in this case 22 years), although resource intensive, is relatively more useful than other sources of meteorological data with comparable period in simulating realistic hydrological response at watershed scales. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined fluorescence‐Raman spectroscopic setup for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions
Authors: Cicchi Riccardo , Cosci Alessandro , Rossari Susanna , Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Baria Enrico , Maio Vincenza , Massi Daniela , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Pimpinelli Nicola , Saverio Pavone Francesco 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo optical fibre‐based probes for spectroscopic measurements on human tissues were designed and developed. The two probes combine fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy in a multimodal approach. The fluorescence excitation was provided by two laser diodes emitting in the UV (378 nm) and in the visible (445 nm) range, while a third source in the NIR (785 nm) was used for Raman. The device was tested on freshly excised human skin biopsies clinically diagnosed as malignant melanoma, melanocytic nevus, or healthy skin. Discrimination of lesions based on their fluorescence and Raman spectra showed good correlation with the subsequent histological examination. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The epidemiology of acute organ system dysfunction from severe sepsis outside of the intensive care unit
Authors: Rohde Jeffrey M. , Odden Andrew J. , Bonham Catherine , Kuhn Latoya , Malani Preeti N. , Chen Lena M. , Flanders Scott A. , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDSevere sepsis is a common, costly, and complex problem, the epidemiology of which has only been well studied in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, nearly half of all patients with severe sepsis are cared for outside the ICU.OBJECTIVETo determine rates of infection and organ system dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis admitted to non‐ICU services.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGA large, tertiary, academic medical center in the United States.PATIENTSAdult patients initially admitted to non‐ICU medical services from 2009 through 2010.MEASUREMENTSAll International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes were screened for severe sepsis. Three hospitalists reviewed a sample of medical records evaluating the characteristics of severe sepsis.RESULTSOf 23,288 hospitalizations, 14% screened positive for severe sepsis. A sample of 111 cases was manually reviewed, identifying 64 cases of severe sepsis. The mean age of patients with severe sepsis was 63 years, and 39% were immunosuppressed prior to presentation. The most common site of infection was the urinary tract (41%). The most common organ system dysfunctions were cardiovascular (hypotension) and renal dysfunction occurring in 66% and 64% of patients, respectively. An increase in the number of organ systems affected was associated with an increase in mortality and eventual ICU utilization. Severe sepsis was documented by the treating clinicians in 47% of cases.CONCLUSIONSSevere sepsis was commonly found and poorly documented on the wards at our medical center. The epidemiology and organ dysfunctions among patients with severe sepsis appear to be different from previously described ICU severe sepsis populations. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:243–247. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
On the multiplicity of nodal solutions of a prescribed mean curvature problem
Authors: Bonheure Denis , Derlet Ann , de Valeriola Sébastien 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe prove existence and multiplicity results for sign‐changing solutions of a prescribed mean curvature equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our arguments involve a perturbation of the degenerate part \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$1/\sqrt{1+s}$\end{document}, which allows us to use classical variational techniques and to localize small regular solutions.
Folate‐genetics and colorectal neoplasia: What we know and need to know next
Authors: Figueiredo Jane C. , Levine A. Joan , Crott Jimmy W. , Baurley James , Haile Robert W. 
Published: February 2013

ScopeThe metabolism of folate involves a complex network of polymorphic enzymes that may explain a proportion of the risk associated with colorectal neoplasia. Over 60 observational studies primarily in non‐Hispanic White populations have been conducted on selected genetic variants in specific genes, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, CBS, TCNII, RFC, GCPII, SHMT, TYMS, and MTHFD1, including five meta‐analyses on MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) and MTHFR 1298C>T (rs1801131); two meta‐analyses on MTR‐2756A>C (rs1805087); and one for MTRR 66A>G (rs1801394).Methods and resultsThis systematic review synthesizes these data, highlighting the consistent inverse association between MTHFR 677TT genotype and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its null association with adenoma risk. Results for other variants varied across individual studies; in our meta‐analyses we observed some evidence for SHMT 1420C>T (rs1979277) ((odds ratio) OR = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.73–1.00 for TT v. CC) and TYMS 5’ 28 bp repeat (rs34743033) and CRC risk (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.75–0.94 for 2R/3R v. 3R/3R and OR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69–0.98 for 2R/2R v. 3R/3R).ConclusionTo gain further insight into the role of folate variants in colorectal neoplasia will require incorporating measures of the metabolites, including B‐vitamin cofactors, homocysteine and S‐adenosylmethionine, and innovative statistical methods to better approximate the folate one‐carbon metabolism pathway.
Directional change‐point detection for process control with multivariate categorical data
Authors: Li Jian , Tsung Fugee , Zou Changliang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost modern processes involve multiple quality characteristics that are all measured on attribute levels, and their overall quality is determined by these characteristics simultaneously. The characteristic factors usually correlate with each other, making multivariate categorical control techniques a must. We study Phase I analysis of multivariate categorical processes (MCPs) to identify the presence of change‐points in the reference dataset. A directional change‐point detection method based on log‐linear models is proposed. The method exploits directional shift information and integrates MCPs into the unified framework of multivariate binomial and multivariate multinomial distributions. A diagnostic scheme for identifying the change‐point location and the shift direction is also suggested. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the detection effectiveness and the diagnostic accuracy.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Über die Forschung
Authors: Ramón Don Santiago 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEs ist selbstverständlich, daß, wenn Physiker über die Forschung und ihre Bedeutung schreiben, sie Beispiele aus der Physik und Chemie in den Vordergrund stellen. Doch auch wenn wir den Biologen, der mit dem Physiker über die Fragen der Bedeutung der Forschung einer Ansicht ist, fragen, wird er viele Beispiele aus der Physik heranziehen. Das ist nur natürlich, denn Physik und Chemie sind das Fundament aller Naturwissenschaften und ihre technische Bedeutung ist jedem bekannt. Im folgenden mag der große Hirnforscher Prof. Cajal zu Worte kommen. Von diesem mit dem Nobelpreis ausgezeichneten Spanier, der 1934 starb, sagte Prof. Miskólczy in der Deutschen Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde, daß er der größte Neurohistologe aller Zeiten gewesen sei. Es seien einige Abschnitte aus dem sehr lesenswerten Buch “Regeln und Ratschläge zur wissenschaftlichen Forschung” wiedergegeben, das im Verlag Reinhardt in München erschien.
Wesen und Bedeutung der Physik
Authors: Finkelnburg W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn der “Wissenschaftskunde in Einzeldarstellungen”, einer von Dr. W. Strauß und H. F. Schulz im Verlag des letzteren herausgegebenen Schriftenreihe, hat der Straßburger Experimentalphysiker Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Finkelnburg das Heft Physik übernommen, von dem trotz des Krieges kürzlich die zweite Auflage erschienen ist. Das Heft, das dem Physikernachwuchs eine klare und anschauliche Übersicht über die ihn angehenden Fragen gibt, beginnt mit einem Abschnitt über das Wesen und die Bedeutung der Physik, der in der Mahnung ausklingt: “Es darf und muß ohne jede Übertreibung festgestellt werden, daß der gegenwärtige Stand der physikalischen Forschung eines Volkes und Staates für die Entwicklung seiner Wirtschafts‐ und Wehrkraft in der Zukunft ausschlaggebend ist.” Dieser einleitende Abschnitt sei anschließend wiedergegeben.
Probleme der Physik
Authors: Westphal W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAus der Wochenzeitung “Das Reich” vom 10. Oktober 1943 sei anschließend ein etwa auf ein Drittel gekürzter Beitrag von Prof. Westphal wiedergegeben, der sich als Lehrer an der Berliner Technischen Hochschule durch die Leitung des Physikalischen Praktikums, durch sein Lehrbuch über Physik, aber auch durch sonstige jahrelange Bemühungen um den Nachwuchs große Verdienste erworben hat und an den Generationen von Ingenieuren denken, wenn sie sich ihres Studiums an der Berliner Technischen Hochschule erinnern. — Der Bericht scheint dem Herausgeber eine wertvolle Ergänzung der übrigen Beiträge zu sein. In dem Aufsatz von Westphal handelt es sich um die heutigen Probleme der Physik. Es sind noch Schlachten, die an der Front der Physik geschlagen werden und deren Ausgang noch ungewiß ist. Doch schon ahnt man auch hier technische Möglichkeiten: Bei der Kernphysik ist es die Erschließung der ungeheuren in den Kernen gebundenen Energiemengen, die zwar nicht den von Erkenntnisdrang getriebenen Physiker zu seiner Arbeit Veranlaßt, ihm jedoch eines Tages als Frucht seiner Forschungsarbeit in den Schoß fallen kann. Bei der Supraleitung deutet der Autor selbst gewisse Möglichkeiten mit den Worten an: “Welche umwälzende Wirkung würde es für die Elektrotechnik haben, wenn man eines Tages Stoffe fände, die schon bei, gewöhnlicher Temperatur supraleitend sind!”
Das Entstehen neuer Disziplinen aus der Physik
Authors: Ramsauer C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAus dem gleichen Vortrag, aus dem auf S. 30 berichtet Wurde, sei im folgenden ein weiterer Teil wiedergegeben, der sich auf das Entstehen neuer technischer Gebiete bezieht. Der Gedanke, daß die physikalische Grundlagenforschung der Quell jedes grundsätzlichen technischen Fortschrittes ist, ward durch die Ausführungen des Autors und die von ihm gezeichnete Figur sehr anschaulich belegt. Damit weist gerade diese Darstellung in besonders eindringlicher Weise auf die Bedeutung physikalischer Forschung hin und unterstreicht die Forderung Ramsauers: Der Schlüsselstellung der Physik muß auch der Staat Rechnung tragen, wenn es sich um die materielle Unterstützung der physikalischen Forschung oder um die optimale Organisation der physikalischen Ausbildung handelt.
Ziele und Wege der physikalischen Forschung
Authors: Klumb H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDer folgende Bericht eines gleicherweise auf dem Gebiet der Forschung wie der Entwicklung stehenden Physikers wurde vor einigen Jahren geschrieben. Er enthält im ungekürzten Original außer den wiedergegebenen allgemeinen Betrachtungen Vorschläge zur Leistungssteigerung auf dem Gebiet der physikalischen Forschung. Diese Vorschläge sollen bei späterer Gelegenheit zusammen mit Vorschlägen von anderer Seite wiedergegeben und diskutiert werden. Dr. Klumbs Anregungen sind zum Teil inzwischen verwirklicht. Es sei nur an die Worte von Reichsminister Speer erinnert, die auf S. 23 wiedergegeben wurden und die die Überwindung der von Dr. Klumb noch am Schluß seines Berichtes erwähnten Schwierigkeiten der Gerät‐ und Rohstoffbeschaffungen zeigen. Es sei weiter an die Möglichkeit erinnert, auch für abstrakte Forschungsaufgaben höchste Dringlichkeiten zu erhalten und das physikalische Forschungspersonal zurückzurufen. Zu der im Schlußabschnitt ferner von Dr. Klumb angeregten zentralen Betreuung der gesamten Forschung mag auf den Reichsforschungsrat hingewiesen werden, dem der Reichsmarschall seine Autorität gegeben hat.
Der Nachwuchs der Physiker
Authors: Wien M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm Winter 1937/38 schrieb der frühere Direktor des Jenaer Physikalischen Instituts Prof. Max Wien seine Gedanken über das Nachwuchsproblem, das er nach mehreren Jahrzehnten Lehrtätigkeit und Beobachtungen als Leiter physikalischer Institute besonders gut zu beurteilen vermochte, nieder. Wenn dieser Bericht auch unvollendet geblieben ist — Max Wien starb bereits 1938 —, so ist er doch in seinen vorliegenden Teilen für die Beurteilung der Lage vor dem Kriege wertvoll. Allerdings nur vor dem Kriege, denn der Krieg hat natürlich alle Extrapolationen aus der von Max Wien betrachteten Zeitspanne illusorisch gemacht. Die Tatsache, daß Wien sein Zahlenmaterial durch Umfrage bei 22 der deutschen Universitäten gewann, daß es sich hier also nicht nur um die Erfahrungen an einer einzigen Universität, sondern um allgemeingültige Feststellungen handelt, gibt dem Bericht Wiens ein starkes Gewicht. Die Schriftleitung veröffentlicht im folgenden diejenigen Teile, die sich mit der Feststellung des absinkenden Nachwuchses beschäftigen, wobei das reichliche Zahlenmaterial auf Angabe einiger Prozentzahlen beschränkt und auch sonst — wenn auch wenig — gekürzt wurde. Institutsvorstände, die sich für die Einzelheiten interessieren, können sie von Herrn Prof. Kulenkampff, Jena, erhalten. Ihm und Herrn Prof. Hanle, Gießen, ist der Herausgeber für die Zuleitung der Beiträge Max Wiens zu Dank verpflichtet.
Work of breathing as a tool to diagnose severe fixed upper airway obstruction
Authors: Khirani S. , Pierrot S. , Leboulanger N. , Ramirez A. , Breton D. , Couloigner V. , Fauroux B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 4‐year‐old girl with bilateral vocal fold palsy was successfully decannulated from tracheotomy after seven laryngeal procedures. But an important stridor and dyspnea recurred 13 months after decannulation. Nocturnal gas exchange was normal but her daytime work of breathing was increased by fourfold, without any beneficial effect of nasal noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP), reflecting a severe fixed airway obstruction. Endoscopic examination confirmed the work of breathing findings showing glottic and supraglottic stenosis. This upper airway obstruction was successfully treated with a recannulation. In conclusion, the major message of this case report is that measurement of the work of breathing was able to document the “fixed” nature of the airway obstruction, by showing no improvement even with highest tolerated levels of nasal CPAP. As such, the work of breathing may be proposed as a screening tool to quantify and assess the reversibility of severe upper airway obstruction in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E35–E39. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reference standards for forced expiratory indices in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Leung Ting F. , Liu Tak C. , Mak Kwok K. , Su Xuefen , Sy Hing Y. , Li Albert M. , Lau Joseph T.F. , Lum Sooky , Wong Gary W.K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpirometric testing is traditionally achievable in children of school‐age and beyond. Incorporation of interactive incentives motivates preschool children to facilitate measurement of forced expiratory indices. Validated spirometric reference standards are available for Caucasian preschoolers but lacking in Asians. We established spirometric references in Chinese children aged 2–7 years, who were recruited from 19 randomly selected nurseries and kindergartens in Hong Kong. Parents completed International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, and children concurrently performed incentive spirometry on‐site according to international guideline. Prediction equations for spirometric indices were formulated by linear regression. One thousand four hundred two (72.9%) of 1,922 consented children, with mean (SD) age 4.4 (1.0) years, successfully performed spirometry. Following exclusions due to medical and technical reasons, 895 (63.8%) children contributed spirometric data to our references. Girls had lower FEV0.5, FEV0.75, FEV1, FVC, and PEF but similar FEF25–75 than boys, adjusted for age, weight, and standing height as covariates. Standing height was the most important predictor for FEV0.5, FEV0.75, FEV1, FVC, and PEF in both boys (adjusted R2 0.525–0.734) and girls (adjusted R2 0.583–0.721), whereas the best prediction model for both gender is formed by standing height, weight, and age. At various standing heights, our preschoolers had FEV1 Z‐scores 0.13–1.00 higher than those of collaborative Caucasian reference. This study justifies the need for ethnic‐specific reference equations and presents spirometry references in young Chinese children. Their forced expiratory indices are determined by gender, age, weight and standing height, and standing height is the best anthropometric index to predict all spirometric indices. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1119–1126. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of pulmonary function impairments in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses—changes with age and treatment
Authors: Lin Shuan‐Pei , Shih Shou‐Chuan , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Lee Kuo‐Sheng , Chen Ming‐Ren , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chiu Pao Chin , Lin Shio Jean , Lin Hsiang‐Yu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders characterized by deficiencies in enzymes catalyzing the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Impairment of pulmonary function is an important health problem for patients with MPS. However, there are few published reports on the prevalence and severity of pulmonary dysfunction in relation to age and treatment in this disorder.MethodsTo evaluate pulmonary function in patients with MPS, we performed spirometry in 35 patients (22 males and 13 females; 1 with MPS I, 12 with MPS II, 16 with MPS IVA, and 6 with MPS VI; mean age, 14.6 ± 5.9 years; age range, 6.4 years to 33 years). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1 to FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of FVC (FEF25–75%) were measured.ResultsMean FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF25–75% were 74.2%, 73.9%, 64.7%, and 37.1% of the predicted values, respectively. By spirometric classification, 32 patients (91%) had small airway disease (FEF25–75% < 65%), 17 (48%) had restrictive lung disease, and 3 (9%) had obstructive lung disease. Percent predicted FVC, FEV1, and PEF, as well as FEV1/FVC, were all negatively correlated with age (P < 0.01), such that pubertal and post‐pubertal patients had significantly lower values than younger patients. Of eight attenuated MPS II and VI patients who underwent follow‐up pulmonary function testing after receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for 1.5–7.4 years, six showed improvements in % predicted FVC and five improved in % predicted FEV1.ConclusionOur additional characterization of the types and prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities seen in MPS patients should be useful for clinical care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:277–284. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.