bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Characterization of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in African Americans by Targeted Massively Parallel Sequencing
Authors: Araujo Luiz H. , Timmers Cynthia , Bell Erica Hlavin , Shilo Konstantin , Lammers Philip E. , Zhao Weiqiang , Natarajan Thanemozhi G. , Miller Clinton J. , Zhang Jianying , Yilmaz Ayse S. , Liu Tom , Coombes Kevin , Amann Joseph , Carbone David P. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose Technologic advances have enabled the comprehensive analysis of genetic perturbations in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, African Americans have often been underrepresented in these studies. This ethnic group has higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates, and some studies have suggested a lower incidence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Herein, we report the most in-depth molecular profile of NSCLC in African Americans to date. Methods A custom panel was designed to cover the coding regions of 81 NSCLC-related genes and 40 ancestry-informative markers. Clinical samples were sequenced on a massively parallel sequencing instrument, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation was evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results The study cohort included 99 patients (61% males, 94% smokers) comprising 31 squamous and 68 nonsquamous cell carcinomas. We detected 227 nonsilent variants in the coding sequence, including 24 samples with nonoverlapping, classic driver alterations. The frequency of driver mutations was not significantly different from that of whites, and no association was found between genetic ancestry and the presence of somatic mutations. Copy number alteration analysis disclosed distinguishable amplifications in the 3q chromosome arm in squamous cell carcinomas and pointed toward a handful of targetable alterations. We also found frequent SMARCA4 mutations and protein loss, mostly in driver-negative tumors. Conclusion Our data suggest that African American ancestry may not be significantly different from European/white background for the presence of somatic driver mutations in NSCLC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that using a comprehensive genotyping approach could identify numerous targetable alterations, with potential impact on therapeutic decisions.
Inner workings and biological impact of phospholipid flippases
Authors: Panatala Radhakrishnan , Hennrich Hanka , Holthuis Joost C. M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe plasma membrane, trans-Golgi network and endosomal system of eukaryotic cells are populated with flippases that hydrolyze ATP to help establish asymmetric phospholipid distributions across the bilayer. Upholding phospholipid asymmetry is vital to a host of cellular processes, including membrane homeostasis, vesicle biogenesis, cell signaling, morphogenesis and migration. Consequently, defining the identity of flippases and their biological impact has been the subject of intense investigations. Recent work has revealed a remarkable degree of kinship between flippases and cation pumps. In this Commentary, we review emerging insights into how flippases work, how their activity is controlled according to cellular demands, and how disrupting flippase activity causes system failure of membrane function, culminating in membrane trafficking defects, aberrant signaling and disease.
A Proton Conductive Aromatic Block Copolymer Containing Dibenzofuran Moieties
Authors: Miyake Junpei , Saito Masaki , Akiyama Ryo , Watanabe Masahiro , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A rigid, planar dibenzofuran in the hydrophobic parts provided sulfonated aromatic block copolymer with improved membrane properties, i.e., well-developed phase separation, effective water uptake, high proton conductivity, and moderate mechanical strength at wide range of humidity.
Thermal Reaction of 4-(p-Aminophenyl)-1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles Furnishing Benzoyl Cyanides through N-Sulfinyl Imine Intermediates
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Zhao Qiang , Funakoshi Yuuta , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A thermal reaction of 4-(p-aminophenyl)-1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles forming benzoyl cyanides is reported. A carbene species thermally generated from the triazole by denitrogenation undergoes intramolecular oxygen migration from sulfur to carbon, giving an N-sulfinyl benzoylimine intermediate. The subsequent Cope-type elimination of the sulfinyl group gives rise to cyano functionality.
High performance leadership in unusually challenging educational circumstances
Authors: Hargreaves Andy , Harris Alma 
Published: April 2015

Artiklis antakse ülevaade uurimistulemustest, mis käsitlevad edukalt toimivate organisatsioonide juhtimist kolmes valdkonnas. Organisatsioonid kaasati valimisse eduka toimivuse alusel, võttes arvesse nende kesiseid tulemusi minevikus, võrdlust teiste sarnaste koolidega ning toimimist piiratud ressursside ja keeruliste tingimuste kontekstis. Artiklis keskendutakse nende nelja kooli juhtimisele, mis vastasid valimi kriteeriumitele. Tulemuste selgitused seostatakse Eesti PISA uuringu heade akadeemiliste tulemustega. Artiklis näidatakse, et nendes neljas koolis, mis saavutasid üle ootuste häid tulemusi, rakendati erinevaid kompetentse. Juhtimine võttis narratiivi või otsingu vormi, kutsudes esile innustava kujutluspildi, mida toetas järjekindel otsustavus. Koolid võtsid suuna muudatustele, mis olid teiste sarnaste koolidega võrreldes uuenduslikumad. Pandi alus koostööle ja ühisele kogukonnale, mida toetasid ka konkureerivad koolid, ning lühiajaline edu muutus pikaajaliseks jätkusuutlikkuseks.
Full text
Estonian higher education in the light of institutional accreditation or what managers should know
Authors: Udam Maiki , Seema Riin , Mattisen Heli 
Published: April 2015

Artikli aluseks on 2014. aastal Eesti Kõrghariduse Kvaliteediagentuuris tehtud institutsionaalse akrediteerimise hindamisaruannete kvalitatiivne analüüs, millega selgitati välja Eesti kõrgkoolide peamised tugevad ja nõrgad küljed. Artikli eesmärk on teavitada haridusüldsust rahvusvaheliste ekspertide hinnangutest ja soovitustest Eesti kõrgkoolidele ning pakkuda kõrgkoolide juhtkondadele tuge tõenduspõhiste muudatuste tegemisel. Uuringu valimi moodustasid kümme kõrgkooli, mis olid 2014. aasta juuniks positiivselt akrediteeritud. Analüüsi tulemused osutasid, et kõrgkoolid on edukad personali- ja ressursijuhtimises, nende taristu on väga heal tasemel ning üldjuhul on kõrgkoolide lõpetajad konkurentsivõimelised nii Eestis kui ka rahvusvaheliselt. Uuringust ilmnes ka selge vajadus kõrgkoolide tegevust fookustada, arendada piiratud ressursi tingimustes neid valdkondi, milles ollakse tugevad, ning loobuda valdkondadest, kus puudub kriitiline hulk üliõpilasi ja/või heal tasemel õppejõude. Vaja on muuta kõrgkoolis õppimise ja õpetamise paradigmat, liikudes traditsioonilise õppejõu- ja ainekeskse õpetamise juurest iga õppija individuaalset ja sotsiaalset arengut toetava koostöise õppimise ja õpetamise suunas. Eesti kõrghariduse kestlikkuse seisukohast on samuti oluline lisada rahvusvaheline mõõde kõikidesse kõrgkooli põhiprotsessidesse, sh nendes kõrgkoolides, mis on orienteeritud ainult siseturule.
Summary
School microclimate: Teachers’ supportive behaviour and student performance
Authors: Kitsing Maie , Täht Karin , Kukemelk Hasso 
Published: April 2015

Uuringu eesmärk oli selgitada õpetaja toetava käitumise ja õpilase õppetööd takistava käitumise seoseid õpilaste õpitulemustega, arvestades õpilaste otsiaalmajanduslikku tausta. Valimi moodustasid PISA 2012. aasta uuringus osalenud eesti õppekeelega koolide 3570 õpilast ja nende koolide juhid. Töös kasutati nelja PISA 2012. aasta andmebaasi muutujat: 1) õpilaste keskmist tulemust kolmes hindamisvaldkonnas (matemaatika, loodusteadused, kirjutamine); 2) õpilaste sotsiaalmajanduslikku tausta; 3) õpilaste käitumise indeksit, mis koondas õpilastega seotud õppetööd häirivad tunnused; 4) õpetajate käitumist iseloomustavaid tunnuseid, mis takistavad õppetööd. Uurimistulemustest ilmnes statistiliselt oluline, kuid väga nõrk seos õpilaste keskmise soorituse ja õpetajatepoolse õppetööd takistava käitumise vahel. Õpilasteja õpetajatepoolse õppetööd takistava käitumise seos oli mõõdukas. Sotsiaalmajandusliku tausta põhjal prognoositust madalama ja kõrgema tulemuse saanud õpilaste gruppide puhul avaldus mõõdukas seos õpilaste- ja õpetajatepoolse õppetööd takistava käitumise järgmiste tunnuste vahel: õpilaste ja õpetajate halvad suhted (alasooritajate grupis r = 0,54; ülesooritajate grupis r = 0,51) ja õpetajad ei arvesta iga üksiku õpilase vajadustega (alasooritajate grupis r = 0,40; ülesooritajate grupis r = 0,43). Alasooritajate grupi puhul osutus mõõdukaks seoseks veel tunnus õpilasi ei julgustata saavutama kogu oma potentsiaali (r = 0,41), seevastu ülesooritajate grupis ilmnes mõõdukas seos õpilase käitumise ja õpetaja käitumist iseloomustava tunnuse õpetajad peavad õpetama ühes ja samas klassis erineva etnilise taustaga (st keel, kultuur) õpilasi puhul (r = 0,40). Kahe grupi seoste võrdlemisel osutus statistiliselt oluliselt erinevaks kaks tunnust: õpilasi ei julgustata saavutama kogu oma potentsiaali ja õpetajad peavad õpetama ühes ja samas klassis erinevate võimetega õpilasi.
Summary
Novice teachers’ perception of senior management support and its connection with involvement in school development and collegial co-operation
Authors: Eisenschmidt Eve , Reiska Epp , Oder Tuuli 
Published: April 2015

Artikli eesmärk on vaadelda, kuidas õpetajad tajuvad koostöise koolikultuuri aspekte esimesel ja viiendal tööaastal. Pikiuuringu raames täitsid Eesti esimese kutseaasta programmi läbinud õpetajad ankeedi kahel korral: esmalt siis, kui nad tööd alustasid (2004/2005. õa), ja teist korda siis, kui nad olid õpetajana töötanud viis aastat (2010). Valim koosnes kõigist 2004/2005. õppeaastal kutseaasta programmis osalenust. Vastas 107 inimest, kellest aga osa oli õpetajaametist loobunud (24) või lapsehoolduspuhkusel (29). Võimalik vastajate arv võinuks seega olla 76, küsimustiku täitis teist korda 54 õpetajat. Uuringus osalejatel paluti mõlemal korral samadele väidetele hinnanguid andes peegeldada koolikultuuri kolme aspekti: kaasatust, koostööd ja juhtkonna tuge. Selgus, et koolijuhi tugi on seotud õpetajate kaasamisega kooliarendusse, aga koostöö edendamise valdkonnas on juhtide toetus oluline vaid kooli sisekliima kujundamisel, mitte tööalase õppimise toetamisel. Julgus juhtkonnale ettepanekuid teha on seotud kooliarendusse kaasatusega, enda tundmisega kollektiivi täisväärtusliku liikmena ning tajutud juhtkonnapoolse toega.
Summary
Exposure: A civil politics of photography
Authors: Ginsburg Ruthie 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Exposure is key element of photography as well as in the relationship between the category of regime and the subjects it entails. This article sets out to re-examine the characteristics of exposure across these different contexts and on the basis of Jean-Luc Nancy’s thought. The article focuses on the relation between the practice of photography and civil actions pursued by human rights organizations. Combining theoretical ­considerations, analysis of photographs and interviews with human rights workers, the article points to the key role that exposure plays in civic action and seeks to articulate its complexity. Adopting an ­interdisciplinary methodology, the article argues that exposure is no simple relation between an ‘exposer’ and that which is ‘exposed’, but, rather, that as a process exposure reveals complex social political dynamics which defy ­conventional binary determinations of such relations.
Reviews
Authors: Gogarty Larne Abse , Vanderwees Chris 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Photography and Social Movements: From the Globalisation of the Movement (1968) to the Movement Against Globalisation (2001), Antigoni Memou (2013) Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 176 pp., ISBN: 9780719097424, h/bk, £65.00
Feeling Photography, Elspeth Brown and Thy Phu (eds) (2014) Durham: Duke University Press, 408 pp., ISBN: 0822355264, h/bk, £72.00; ISBN: 0822355418, p/bk, £17.29
Is the expansion of universe accelerating or the Photons decelerating?
Authors: Tank Hasmukh 
Published: April 2015

<p>Astronomical observations of the cosmological red-shift are currently interpreted in terms of ‘expansion of universe’ and ‘accelerated-expansion of the universe’, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>; here <em>H<sub>0</sub></em> is Hubble’s constant, and c is the speed of light. Whereas a straight-forward derivation presented here suggests that: rather it is the photon which is decelerating, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>. Such a deceleration of photons can be caused by virtual electrons, positrons and pi-mesons, contained in the extra galactic quantum vacuum, because: they do have gravitational-acceleration of the same order as <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em> at their “surfaces”; or by decay of a photon into a lighter photon and a particle of mass <em>h H<sub>0</sub> / c<sup>2</sup></em>. Tired-light interpretations of the cosmological red-shift’ were so far considered as not compatible with the observations of ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’; so in a paper titled: “Wave-theoretical insight into the relativistic ‘length-contraction’ and ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’” (Tank, Hasmukh K. 2013), it has been already shown that any mechanism which can cause ‘cosmological red-shift’ will also cause ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’. Therefore, we now need not to remain confined to the Big-Bang model of cosmology.</p>
Piv Method and Numerical Computation for Prediction of Liquid Steel Flow Structure in Tundish
Authors: Cwudziński A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments carried out to describe the motion of steel flow in the tundish. The facility under investigation is a single-nozzle tundish designed for casting concast slabs. For the validation of the numerical model and verification of the hydrodynamic conditions occurring in the examined tundish furniture variants, obtained from the computer simulations, a physical model of the tundish was employed. State-of-the-art vector flow field analysis measuring systems developed by Lavision were used in the laboratory tests. Computer simulations of liquid steel flow were performed using the commercial program Ansys-Fluent¯. In order to obtain a complete hydrodynamic picture in the tundish furniture variants tested, the computer simulations were performed for both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.
The Voltammetric Analysis of Selenium Electrodeposition from H2SeO3 Solution on Gold Electrode
Authors: Kowalik R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The different voltammetry techniques were applied to understand the process of selenium deposition from sulfate solution on gold polycrystalline electrode. By applying the cycling voltammetry with different scan limits as well as the chronoamper-ometry combined with the cathodic and anodic linear stripping voltammetry, the different stages of the deposition of selenium were revealed. It was found that the process of reduction of selenous acid on gold surface exhibits a multistage character. The cyclic voltammetry results showed four cathodic peaks which are related to the surface limited phenomena and which coincide with the bulk deposition process. The fifth cathodic peak is related to the reduction of bulk deposited Se0 to Se-2 ions. Furthermore, the connection of anodic peaks with cathodic ones confirmed the surface limited process of selenium deposition, bulk deposition and reduction to Se-2. Additionally, the cathodic linear stripping voltammetry confirms the process of H2SeO3 adsorption on gold surface. The experiments confirmed that classical voltammetry technique proved to be a very powerful tool for analyzing the electrochemical processes related with interfacial phenomena and electrodeposition.
The Effect of Fine Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Structural Steel
Authors: Lipiński T. , Wach A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the results of a study investigating the effect of the number of fine non-metallic inclusions (up to 2 µm in size) on the fatigue strength of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 21 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces, and 7 heats were performed in a 100 ton oxygen converter. All heats were desulfurized. Seven heats from electrical furnaces were refined with argon, and heats from the converter were subjected to vacuum circulation degassing.
Steel sections with a diameter of 18 mm were hardened and tempered at a temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. The experimental variants were compared in view of the applied melting technology and heat treatment options. The results were presented graphically, and the fatigue strength of steel with a varied share of non-metallic inclusions was determined during rotary bending. The results revealed that fatigue strength is determined by the relative volume of fine non-metallic inclusions and tempering temperature.
Dynamic Influences of Non-Stationary Liquid Flows in Fluid Drives of Heavy Metallurgical Machines on System Dynamics and Reaction for Surroundings
Authors: Michalczyk J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The influence of liquids contained in hydraulic pipes of drives of heavy metallurgical machines, e.g. forging hammers and presses, on reduced mass and system dynamics and forces and moments of reaction for surroundings, was investigated in the paper.
Most of these calculations were performed on the bases of the volumetric flow rate only, without knowing the rate distribution on the pipe cross-section.
Investigations included hydraulic pipes of variable diameters and arbitrary pathways in the space, for the stationary and non-stationary flows.
Influence of Low-Alloy Cast Steel Modification on Primary Structure Refinement, Type and Shape of Non-Metallic Inclusions
Authors: Bartocha D. , Suchoń J. , Baron Cz. , Szajnar J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the article there are presented methods and results of investigation which main aim were determination of influence of melting technology (gas extraction, vacuum refining, slag refining and extraction, deoxidation and degassing) and type of used modifiers on the type and shape of non-metallic inclusions and the primary structure refining. Low alloy cast steel melted in laboratory conditions, in an inductive furnace was investigated. Additions of FeNb, FeV, FeTi and FeZr modifiers were applied. The contents of oxygen and nitrogen in obtained cast steel were determined.
The most advantageous impact on refining of the primary structure of has been found for the modifiers FeTi+FeZr. In cast steel with the addition of Zr the conglomerates from a different non -metallic inclusions have been observed. Zirconium probably plays role of the nucleus - creating for other inclusions present in the conglomerates. Clusters of inclusions due to their size affect the crystallization and grain growth processes reducing grain size of the primary structure.
Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Selected Semi-Solid Slag Systems in Blast Furnace Flow Conditions
Authors: Migas P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The rheological properties of liquid and semi-solid systems of slag and hot metal in a blast furnace are extremely important from the perspective of their dripping in the unit. The rheological nature and the values of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of liquid and semi-solid phases - slag and hot metal - determine the permeability of the zones in which those systems exist. The modelling of dripping processes and e.g. static and dynamic holding/retention of liquid in the bed, requires an accurate description of the rheological behaviour of slag and iron systems. Determining the liquid flow through the lump bed of the blast furnace is based on the assumption that liquids in the unit in the whole range of their occurrence are similar to a Newtonian ideal liquid. This study presents an analysis of the findings of high-temperature rheometric measurements of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO systems, liquid, semi-solid slags of the blast furnace type doped with TiO2 and solids in the form of TiN. The tests were performed within a temperature range of 1310-1490°C. Also measurement results for glycerol solutions with concentrations of 86% and 100% at the ambient temperature, simulating blast furnace slags with various contents of solids - PC, anthracite - are presented.
Electrochemical Studies of Lead Telluride Behavior in Acidic Nitrate Solutions
Authors: Rudnik E. , Biskup P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Electrochemistry of lead telluride stationary electrode was studied in nitric acid solutions of pH 1.5-3.0. E-pH diagram for Pb-Te-H2O system was calculated. Results of cyclic voltammetry of Pb, Te and PbTe were discussed in correlation with thermodynamic predictions. Anodic dissolution of PbTe electrode at potential approx. -100÷50 mV (SCE) resulted in tellurium formation, while above 300 mV TeO2 was mainly produced. The latter could dissolve to HTeO+2 under acidic electrolyte, but it was inhibited by increased pH of the bath.
Gas Mixtures for Welding with Micro-Jet Cooling
Authors: Węgrzyn T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWelding with micro-jet cooling after was tested only for MIG and MAG processes. For micro-jet gases was tested only argon, helium and nitrogen. A paper presents a piece of information about gas mixtures for micro-jet cooling after in welding. There are put down information about gas mixtures that could be chosen both for MAG welding and for micro-jet process. There were given main information about influence of various micro-jet gas mixtures on metallographic structure of steel welds. Mechanical properties of weld was presented in terms of various gas mixtures selection for micro-jet cooling.
Tribological Properties and a Wear Model of Aluminium Matrix Composites - SiC Particles Designed for Metal Forming
Authors: Wieczorek J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Aluminium based metal matrix composites are well known for their good wear resistance, high specific strength, stiffness and hardness. They have been applied in the aerospace, military and, especially, in the automotive industries. This paper presents the results of tests with regard to the application of a mixture of particles in aluminium matrix (AlCu2SiMn) composites where a mixture of SiC ceramic particles was used. The aim of the research was to determine the tribological properties as well as the phenomena and mechanisms which accompany the tribological wear of composites under dry friction conditions. The tribological investigations were conducted on a pin-on-block tester. The results of the tests show the composite obtained can be applied for sliding elements. Based on microscopic examinations and profilometry of the composites AlCu2SiMn+SiC surfaces at interaction the relationship between the size of reinforcing particles and the geometry of the surface layer of the composite was described. The study made it possible to develop a model of tribological wear of composites depending on the size of reinforcing particles.