bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exergy assessment of a semi-transparent building integrated photovoltaic facade for mild weather conditions of Srinagar
Authors: Hazarika P , Shyam  , Gaur A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Effective utilization of solar energy reduces the dependence on fossil fuel usage along with achieving the objective of carbon neutrality. The current work aims to numerically assess the performance of a facade based semi-transparent BIPVT system while considering four different weather conditions in a month for the climate of Srinagar, India. In the proposed configuration, the BiSPVT facade serves the dual purpose of generating electrical power gain and providing pre-heated air for space heating. PV module surface was cooled by flowing air through the air channel. Movement of air through the cavity takes away the heat from the PV module back surface reducing the temperature of the solar cells resulting in enhanced module efficiency. System performance has been evaluated in terms of obtained energy and exergy using a 1-D numerical model developed in MATLAB. The Exergy analysis presented shows an informative means of estimating system functioning based on qualitative aspect of useful energy gained. For a mild cold weather condition of Srinagar, with minimum ambient temperature dropping to 1.2 °C, useful daily exergy gain of 0.0545 kWh/m2 has been achieved signifying the increase of space heating during winters of cold climatic regions. Maximum temperature difference between room and ambient was obtained as 9.76 °C using the BiSPVT façade. Results shows that the proposed BiSPVT system was able to produce monthly electrical and thermal exergy gain of 12.56 kWh/m2 and 16.81 kWh/m2 respectively. Exergy efficiency of the system was determined in the range of 18.2%-19%. Further, environmental assessment of the PV façade system based on CO2 emission gave an estimated amount of 0.387-ton CO2 emission reduction for the month of November leading to environmental cost reduction of 5.615$/month.
Analysis and modeling of fresh air systems usage behavior in residential buildings in Beijing during heating season
Authors: Liu K , Zhang X H , Cao R K , He Z R , Li T , Liu Y Q , Gao S J , Pan S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fresh air systems (FAS) represent an excellent solution for improving indoor air quality. Because FAS has a significant impact on buildings’ energy consumption, it is vital to investigate FAS usage behavior. At present, there is a research gap with respect to individualized FAS usage behavior and prediction models for residential buildings. From November 15th, 2018 to March 15th, 2019, this paper conducted a field measurement and modeling study of FAS usage behavior in thirteen Beijing households. During heating season, the FAS is used intermittently, with an average daily opening duration of 17.5 hours. Based on the “average daily opening duration”, two FAS usage behaviors were identified: economical households and conventional households. The average daily indoor particles matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration was observed to be lower in FAS-using households (16.19 μg/m3, 12.30 μg/m3) than in non-FAS-using households (46.1 μg/m3). Outdoor PM2.5 concentration is a motivating factor for FAS opening. The paper used binary logistic regression to predict the FAS status of both economical and conventional households (two classified models), as well as for all tested households (unclassified model). These results suggest that classified models (84.1%, 83.5%) have greater accuracy than the unclassified model (75.9%), opening the possibility of using the average daily opening duration to classify and examine FAS usage behavior. The study provides accurate field data for evaluating FAS usage behavior, as well as a reference for further simulating the energy consumption of FAS-using households.
Optimizing wind-catching butterfly roofs to improve cross natural ventilation performance in apartment buildings
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Tai Vin Cent , Moey Lip Kean 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to enhance cross natural ventilation performance in multi-level double-loaded apartments by employing a wind-catching butterfly roof, specifically designed for apartments with a center-to-center opening configuration. A 2k full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) method with a center point is utilized for design optimization. Nine configurations, determined by roof height h and roof angle α, are assessed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). After the initial DOE assessment, three additional butterfly roof designs with varying α values are explored. The dimensionless flow rate (DFR) serves as the objective function for optimization. The optimal design features a butterfly roof with h = 0.01m and α = 30°, demonstrating improvements of 2.5%−4.9% in DFR and 5.3%−9.0% in the pressure coefficient C

p
compared to scenarios without a butterfly roof. Butterfly roofs also increased the velocity magnitudes in the rooms of the leeward block, with configurations h = 0.01m and α = 35° and 37.5° showing the most significant increases of 58.5% − 86.9% on levels 1 to 3. The discharge coefficient C

d
induced by all butterfly roof configurations are within 0.6 − 0.7 on levels 1 to 3, while the C

d
values for levels 4 to 6 are within 0.5 − 0.6. Although butterfly roofs can enhance indoor air quality, they require further research to meet all recommended guidelines. These findings provide valuable insights for architects and urban planners aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of apartment buildings. This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of butterfly roofs to enhance apartment ventilation and offers recommendations for future design improvements.
Hydrogen adsorption on titanium-decorated carbyne C12 ring: a DFT study
Authors: Pedrosa G R , Ong H L , Villagracia A R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the current landscape of increasing focus on green technology, hydrogen fuel emerges as a pivotal alternative energy source. While existing technology facilitates hydrogen use in fuel cells, the practicality of this fuel could be significantly enhanced with a more efficient and safer storage approach. Researchers are actively exploring one-dimensional systems as potential hydrogen storage solutions, yielding promising outcomes. A notable study delved into the hydrogen storage capacity and performance of a Ti-decorated carbyne ring using density functional theory calculations. The researchers observed a robust, non-deforming bond between the Ti adatom and the carbyne ring, displaying characteristics akin to ionic bonding. Detailed analyses of electronic properties, including density of states and band structure, highlighted a strong interaction through the alignment of p-orbitals with the Ti atom. Upon the adsorption of H2 onto the decorated carbyne ring, it was noted that the Ti-decorated systems could each adsorb up to six H2 molecules, exhibiting weak physisorption energies within the Van der Waals range. The charge density profile indicated a dipole-dipole interaction, affirming the potential of the material as a viable H2 storage medium. In conclusion, as green technology advances, hydrogen fuel, especially when stored innovatively with materials like the Ti-decorated carbyne ring, emerges as a crucial component in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.
MFIX–DEM simulation of gas-solid flow dynamics in a dual fluidized bed system
Authors: Banik R K , Das H J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To overcome the operational difficulties associated with bubbling and circulating fluidized bed gasifiers, a new gasification technology termed dual fluidized bed gasification (DFBG) has evolved. To strengthen the understanding of the gasification and combustion processes in the DFBG system, a thorough analysis of bed hydrodynamics is of paramount importance. Furthermore, the complexity of the hydrodynamics escalates while incorporating diverse fuels like biomass and coal, along with bed materials fluidized in a single reactor due to its nonlinearity and transience. As a result, the study of hydrodynamics in such a system is indispensable. The present study focuses on the discrete element model (DEM) simulation of the bed hydrodynamic behaviour within the gasifier of a DFBG system. The simulation was conducted using Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFiX) software. The influence of superficial velocity on the number of particles in a gasifier was analyzed using the 2-D discrete element model (DEM). In this numerical investigation, transient variation of pressure drop, axial and radial solid volume fraction, and particle velocity was evaluated, and the data were analyzed using the ParaView software. The simulation results of the gasifier indicated an increase in the bed pressure drop with the rise in inlet air velocity. The effective height of solid volume fraction also increased with the surge in superficial velocity. The solid velocity profile and streamlines were also investigated to understand its variation pertaining to the location within the fluidized bed.
Enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical stability of crosslinked sodium alginate as a biopolymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell application
Authors: Yusoff Y N , Shaari N , Mohamed M A , Loh K S , Kamarudin S K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nafion is a commercial polymer membrane that is commonly used in fuel cell systems, despite its major limitations such as high fuel crossover and high manufacture cost. The production of sodium alginate (SA) blended membrane with crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) and plasticizer (glycerol) is one of several current efforts to discover an alternative membrane with improved proton conductivity and mechanical properties. In this study, SA biomembranes were prepared using solution casting method and dried at a certain temperature. Then, the prepared membranes were immersed with 5% glycerol in different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The cross-linked biomembranes underwent various tests such as liquid uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The best membrane achieved the highest proton conductivity with a value of 8.28 mS cm-1 and mechanical stability with a value of 218.00 MPa. Glutaraldehyde made a positive modification and had a beneficial impact on the characteristics of SA. The incorporation of glutaraldehyde and glycerol within the biopolymer notably improved the otherwise lacking mechanical properties of SA.
Strategies and models for optimal EV charging station site selection
Authors: Harshil B , Nagababu G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In numerous countries worldwide, adopting electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum as a proactive measure to mitigate the detrimental environmental impacts of traditional fuel-powered automobiles. This shift drives exponential growth in the adoption of EVs, prompting the need for comprehensive analysis to optimize charging infrastructure requirements. Developing reliable and sustainable charging infrastructure depends on practical and strategic site selection of EV charging stations. The main challenge is finding a charging solution that maximizes efficiency within limited financial resources. The present review critically assesses methodologies for selecting optimal EV charging station sites, considering technical, environmental, social, and economic factors. Special emphasis is given to social factors such as population density and service accessibility, as well as technical factors like vehicle battery life, charging time, and grid capacity. Environmental impact and feasibility are also vital criteria under evaluation. Through a synthesis of insights from various studies, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing models used in EV charging infrastructure site selection. The findings contribute valuable insights for decision-makers, city planners, and other stakeholders in creating sustainable EV charging networks amidst the dynamic landscape of electric mobility.
Influence of riboflavin on the corrosion of X80 pipeline steel by Sulfate reducing bacteria
Authors: Fu Lei , Jian Ke , Lin Li , Wang Zhengguo , Yang Hang , Luo Yunrong , Yan Shisen , Zhu Daqian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) is commonly attached to the surface of buried pipeline steel, and the electron shuttle in the corrosion medium can promote the release of electrons from iron oxidation through the bacterial cell wall into the cytoplasm to accelerate the corrosion of anode iron. This study investigated the impact of riboflavin (RF) as an endogenous electron shuttle on the corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in SRB system. The findings indicated that while the type of corrosion products remains unchanged in samples under SRB+10 mg l−1 RF system, there was an expansion in both area and depth of corrosion pits on the sample surface, resulting in a corrosion loss rate approximately 3 times higher than that observed in SRB system. Furthermore, the polarization resistance (Rp) value of the sample in SRB system is about 2 ∼ 5 times that of the sample in SRB+10 mg l−1 RF system. Additionally, the corrosion current density of X80 pipeline steel samples soaked in SRB and SRB +10 mg l−1 RF system for 14 days is 9.31 × 10-6 A·cm−2 and 1.28 × 10−5 A·cm−2, and the addition of 10 mg l−1 RF increases the corrosion current density of SRB system by about 37.49%. These results indicated that the reaction resistance of SRB-induced MIC in X80 pipeline steel was significantly reduced due to the presence of RF.
New insights into the role of the root system of epiphytic bromeliads: comparison of root and leaf trichome functions in acquisition of water and nutrients
Authors: Takahashi Cassia Ayumi , Mercier Helenice 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In epiphytic bromeliads, the roots were previously considered to be poorly functional organs in the processes of absorption and metabolization of water and nutrients, while the leaves were considered to always act as protagonists in both functions. More recent discoveries have been changing this old view of the root system.

Scope
In this review, we address previous ideas regarding the function performed by the roots of epiphytic bromeliads (mere holdfast structures with low physiological activity) and the importance of a reduced or lack of a root system for the emergence of epiphytism. We present indirect and direct evidence that contradicts this older hypothesis. Furthermore, the importance of the root absorptive function mainly for juvenile tankless epiphytic bromeliads and the characteristics of the root absorption process of adult epiphytic tank bromeliads are discussed thoroughly from a physiological perspective. Finally, some factors (species, substrate, environmental conditions) that influence the absorptive capability of the roots of epiphytic tank bromeliads are also be considered, highlighting the importance that the absorptive role of the roots has for the plasticity of bromeliads that live on trees, which is an environment characterized by intermittent availability of water and nutrients.

Conclusions
The roots of tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads play important roles in the absorption and metabolization of nutrients and water. The importance of roots is greatest for juvenile tankless bromeliads since the root is the main absorptive organ. In larger plants with a tank, although the leaves become the protagonists in the resource acquisition process, the roots complement the absorptive function of the leaf trichomes, resulting in improved growth of these bromeliad. The physiological and biochemical properties of the processes of absorption and distribution of resources in the tissues appear to differ between absorption by trichomes and roots.
PTFSpot: deep co-learning on transcription factors and their binding regions attains impeccable universality in plants
Authors: Gupta Sagar , Kesarwani Veerbhan , Bhati Umesh , Jyoti  , Shankar Ravi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unlike animals, variability in transcription factors (TFs) and their binding regions (TFBRs) across the plants species is a major problem that most of the existing TFBR finding software fail to tackle, rendering them hardly of any use. This limitation has resulted into underdevelopment of plant regulatory research and rampant use of Arabidopsis-like model species, generating misleading results. Here, we report a revolutionary transformers-based deep-learning approach, PTFSpot, which learns from TF structures and their binding regions’ co-variability to bring a universal TF-DNA interaction model to detect TFBR with complete freedom from TF and species-specific models’ limitations. During a series of extensive benchmarking studies over multiple experimentally validated data, it not only outperformed the existing software by &gt;30% lead but also delivered consistently &gt;90% accuracy even for those species and TF families that were never encountered during the model-building process. PTFSpot makes it possible now to accurately annotate TFBRs across any plant genome even in the total lack of any TF information, completely free from the bottlenecks of species and TF-specific models.
The lifetime risk and impact of vitiligo across sociodemographic groups: a UK population-based cohort study
Authors: Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Ahmed Alia , Nesnas John , Nagra Ranjit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by depigmented patches of skin, which can have significant psychological impacts.

Objectives
To estimate the lifetime incidence of vitiligo, overall, by ethnicity and across other sociodemographic subgroups, and to investigate the impacts of vitiligo on mental health, work and healthcare utilization.

Methods
Incident cases of vitiligo were identified in the Optimum Patient Care Database of primary care records in the UK between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2020. The lifetime incidence of vitiligo was estimated at age 80 years using modified time-to-event models with age as the timescale, overall and stratified by ethnicity, sex and deprivation. Depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, healthcare utilization and work-related outcomes were assessed in the 2 years after vitiligo diagnosis and compared with matched controls without vitiligo. The study protocol for this retrospective observational study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06097494).

Results
In total, 9460 adults and children were newly diagnosed with vitiligo during the study period. The overall cumulative lifetime incidence was 0.92% at 80 years of age [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–0.94]. Cumulative incidence was similar in female (0.94%, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) and male patients (0.89%, 95% CI 0.86–0.92). There were substantial differences in lifetime incidence across ethnic groups, listed by Office for National Statistics criteria [Asian 3.58% (95% CI 3.38–3.78); Black 2.18% (95% CI 1.85–2.50); Mixed/multiple 2.03% (95% CI 1.58–2.47); Other 1.05% (95% CI 0.94–1.17); and White 0.73% (95% CI 0.71–0.76)]. Compared with matched controls, people with vitiligo had an increased risk of depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15]; anxiety (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.30); depression or anxiety (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17); and sleep disturbance [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.31]. People with vitiligo also had a greater number of primary care encounters (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.26–1.32) and a greater risk of time off work (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24). There was little evidence of disparities in vitiligo-related impacts across ethnic subgroups.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of the markedly increased incidence of vitiligo in people belonging to Asian, Black, Mixed/multiple and Other groups. The negative impact of vitiligo on mental health, work and healthcare utilization highlights the importance of monitoring people with vitiligo to identify those who need additional support.
Protecting children and adults with primary antibody deficiencies against common and emergent pathogens and non-infectious complications
Authors: Neth Olaf , Mahlaoui Nizar , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Prevention and treatment of infections are primary goals of treatment of children and adults with primary immune deficiencies due to decreased antibody production. Approaches to these goals include immunoglobulin replacement therapy, vaccination, and prophylactic treatment with antimicrobials. In this review, the infectious and non-infectious complications of antibody deficiencies will be discussed along with the limited number of studies that support the effective use of the available therapies and to drive the development of new therapies. Some illustrative case studies will be presented and the outlook for additional controlled clinical trials and potential for therapies driven by the underlying disease genetics will be considered.
Comprehensive non-invasive haemodynamic assessment in acute decompensated heart failure-related cardiogenic shock: a step towards echodynamics
Authors: Frea Simone , Gravinese Carol , Boretto Paolo , De Lio Giulia , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Angelini Filippo , Cingolani Marco , Gallone Guglielmo , Montefusco Antonio , Valente Eduardo , Pidello Stefano , Raineri Claudia , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Haemodynamic assessment can be determinant in phenotyping cardiogenic shock (CS) and guiding patient management. Aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between echocardiographic and invasive assessment of haemodynamics in acute decompensated heart failure-related CS (ADHF-CS).

Methods and results
All consecutive ADHF-CS patients (SCAI shock stage ≥B) undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) between 2020 and 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent echocardiography 30 min before RHC. The evaluated haemodynamic parameters and their echocardiographic estimates (‘e’) comprised cardiac index (CI), wedge pressure (WP), pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), cardiac power output (CPO) and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi). Hundred and one ADHF-CS patients (56 ± 11 years, 64% SCAI shock stage C, left ventricular ejection fraction 29 ± 5%) were included. Good correlation was found for CI, systolic PAP, RAP, and CPO (Pearson r &gt; 0.8 for all), moderate correlation for ePAPi (r = 0.67) and PVR (r = 0.51), while estimation of WP was weak. The sensitivity and specificity of eCI to identify low output state (CI ≤2.2 L/min/m2) were 0.97 and 0.73, respectively, those of eWP for elevated filling pressures (WP &gt;15 mmHg) were 0.84 and 0.55, those of ePAPs for PAPs ≥35 mmHg were 0.87 and 0.63, those of eCPO for CPO &lt;0.6 W were 0.76 and 0.85, those of ePAPi for PAPi &lt;1.85 were 0.89 and 0.92. Echocardiographic phenotyping of CS showed a good agreement with invasive classification (K value 0.457, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Echocardiographic estimation of haemodynamics and subsequent phenotypization of CS is feasible with good agreement with invasive evaluation.