bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating innovative interconnection business models for the future internet
Authors: Ghezzi Antonio , Georgiades Michael , Reichl Peter , Le‐Sauze Nicolas , Di Cairano‐Gilfedder Carla , Managiaracina Riccardo 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe future development of the internet is not only heavily dependent on its technological evolution, but also on business sustainability for the interconnection ecosystem the web relies on, where various players characterized by fairly different economic structures and interests are coexisting. Therefore, in this paper the authors aim to propose a methodological framework for developing innovative interconnection business models.Design/methodology/approachStarting from a comprehensive as‐is analysis including the selection of appropriate service scenarios, market activities are abstracted through an archetypization process. Based on that, a value network for the future marketplace is proposed and makes it possible to design a business model for carriers, before, as last step, both the value network configurations and the to‐be business model are evaluated.FindingsThe framework to assess the future internet ecosystem depicts the interconnections value network, shedding light on its key activities; it proposes the establishment of a new dynamic interconnection marketplace based on an emerging interconnection value network where traditional and original roles coexist; and it evaluates the introduction of sending party pays and bid‐and‐ask solutions for governing the marketplace and its business models.Originality/valueThe authors' approach addresses carriers, over‐the‐top providers and technology providers as well as end user groups, specifically aiming at fostering the evolution of the future internet by means of developing innovative value configurations and business model options with a substantial impact for a broad set of stakeholders on a global scale. Thus, the canvas of guidelines presented and discussed in this paper covers all stakeholders in the interconnection ecosystem and provides a solid starting point for upcoming implementations.
The extra‐territorial reach of the broker‐dealer registration requirements under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934: the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission addresses frequently asked questions regarding Rule 15a‐6 and foreign broker‐dealers
Authors: Eisert Edward , Katz Tony , Carotenuto Giovanni , Ball Melanie F. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize the significant responses of the staff of the SEC to 16 frequently asked questions (FAQs) which supplement prior guidance on Rule 15a‐6 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Design/methodology/approachThe paper lists Rule 15a‐6 activities, refers to prior guidance on the rule, and summarizes the following issues, among others, covered in the FAQs: transactions between a foreign broker‐dealer and a person temporarily in the USA, distribution by a foreign broker‐dealer of research reports to major US institutional investors, activities of foreign broker‐dealers taken with unaffiliated registered broker‐dealers, boundaries to the definition of “solicitation” by a foreign broker‐dealer of a US investor, and minimum net capital requirements for a registered broker‐dealer in a chaperoning arrangement with a foreign broker‐dealer.FindingsThis guidance does not break new ground and may be supplemented in the future. An amendment of Rule 15a‐6 is still necessary to address its fundamental limitations.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical explanation by experienced financial services lawyers.
An appraisal of urban renewal in Nigeria
Authors: Ibem Eziyi O. , Uwakonye Obioha , Aduwo Egidario B. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to appraise the sustainability of the Nigerian Army Shopping Arena urban renewal project in Oshodi‐Lagos, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachCase study research design was adopted for the study and both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Data were collected from randomly selected 94 business operators in the shopping complex using structured questionnaires, while oral interviews were conducted with two purposively selected members of the project management team. Data were also collected through non‐participant observation and analysed by using both descriptive statistics and content analysis.FindingsThe project was executed using the build‐operate‐transfer (BOT) arrangement, and users were generally satisfied with facilities provided, except for the provision of utilities. Access to public facilities, creation of job opportunities, community involvement and sense of ownership, as well as the provision of facilities for pedestrian and vehicle users were considered as contributing optimally, while adherence to the principle of green design and construction was rated as contributing minimally to the sustainability of the project.Practical implicationsThe adoption of BOT can facilitate access to funds for urban renewal projects in the developing countries. Creation of job opportunities, ensuring users' satisfaction, community involvement and compatibility with environment can promote the sustainability of urban renewal projects in the developing countries.Originality/valueThe study extents our understanding of funding mechanisms, users' satisfaction with, and the sustainability of urban renewal projects from the Nigerian perspective.
Representative bureaucracy, public‐private partnerships, and urban development
Authors: Leland Suzanne , Read Dustin C. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand the study of representative bureaucracy by exploring attitudes about the use of public funds to support privately‐owned real estate development projects. Data collected from over 1,400 members of the American Planning Association are used to determine if urban planners' demographic characteristics influence attitudes about public‐private partnerships designed to achieve different policy goals. By examining these linkages, conclusions can be drawn as to whether diversity in the planning profession offers a means of ensuring citizen preferences are taken into account when collaborative arrangements are formed to encourage urban development.Design/methodology/approachOrdinal logistic regression models are estimated to determine if the characteristics of urban planners influence perceptions about real estate projects designed to: provide affordable housing; eliminate urban blight; encourage the use of public transportation; prevent urban sprawl; enhance pedestrian mobility; and preserve historic structures.FindingsStrong support for public‐private partnerships was observed in the sample and demographic characteristics were found to influence attitudes. Minority planners tended to be more supportive of programs designed to provide affordable housing and eliminate blight, while female planners and planners in older age cohorts were more supportive of efforts to rejuvenate urban areas. Political ideology was, however, found to have the most consistent impact on attitudes.Originality/valueThe paper's results suggest diversity in the planning profession offers one means of protecting citizen preferences when public‐private partnerships are formed to encourage urban development. However, the benefits of diversity must be evaluated in conjunction with planners' attitudes about the appropriate role of government in real estate development.
Consumer attitude towards purchasing intent for ready to drink orange juice and nectar
Authors: Ferrarezi Alessandra , Minim Valéria Paula , dos Santos Karina Maria , Monteiro Magali 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of some labeling aspects on the consumer intent to purchase ready to drink orange juice and nectar.Design/methodology/approachThe influence of label information on the consumer intent to purchase was evaluated by conjoint analysis using a convenience sample (n=149). A factorial design with four characteristics, price, brand, information about the product and kind of beverage, was used. Three levels were established for brand and product information, and two for price and kind of beverage.FindingsLow price, product information and market leading brand had positive impact. “No preservatives/natural” was the information that most influenced consumer's purchase intent. The ideal label showed the leading brand, low price and information “no preservatives/natural”. These results could be useful for strategic planning of consumer instruction and have important implications for Brazilian orange juice manufactures.Originality/valueAlthough the most widely consumed beverages in Brazil are ready to drink orange juice and nectar, it was unexpected that consumers did not know the differences between them and that kind of beverage was not an important factor for the purchase decision.
For those who form calcium oxalate stones, which one is healthier?
Authors: Lotfi Yagin Neda , Mahdavi Reza , Nikniaz Zeinab 
Published: June 2013

PurposeAlthough black tea is commonly consumed in Iran, within the last years the popularity of green tea, especially green tea bags, has dramatically increased due to all scientific papers reporting that green tea has benefit impacts on human health. Considering the postulated role of increased dietary oxalate intake on calcium oxalate stone formation, this paper aimed to study the oxalate content of most popular green and black tea bags consumed in Iran.Design/methodology/approachFive green tea samples and ten black tea samples were purchased from various markets in Tabriz, Iran. The oxalate content of each sample after infusion for five minutes was measured in triplicate using an enzymatic assay. Statistical analysis used: the ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc test, and also an independent t‐test were used for statistical analysis.FindingsThe oxalate concentration in different brands of green tea bags ranged from 0.73 to 1.75 and from 3.69 to 6.31 mg/240 ml for black tea bags. There were significant differences in oxalate content of different brands, both in green and black tea bags (P<0.001). The mean oxalate content of green and black tea samples also differed significantly from each other (P<0.001).Originality/valueFrom the oxalate point of view, consumption of green and black tea bags infusions several times per day may not pose significant health risks in kidney stone patients and susceptible individuals.
The effect of processing parameters on the physicochemical properties of oil from roselle seed
Authors: Bamgboye Isaac , Adejumo Oyebola I. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe study aimed to focus on the effect of the processing parameters on the physicochemical properties of oil from roselle seed.Design/methodology/approachFine and coarse samples of the ground roselle seeds were conditioned to the moisture contents of 4.4‐10.4 per cent and 5.14‐11.14 per cent. Oil was expressed at applied pressures of 15‐37.5 MPa with 7.5 MPa interval using hydraulic oil extractor for between 10‐40 min. at increment of 10 min. and at the heating temperatures of 80, 90, 100 and 110°C over a period of 15‐30 min. at an increment of 5 min. All the physicochemical properties were determined using AOAC and AOCS methods [AOAC, 1984; AOCS, 1994].FindingsThe free fatty acid, peroxide values and the colour intensity of the oil were affected by the processing parameters; while saponification value, viscosity, specific gravity, refractive index and the iodine value of the oil were not affected by the expression parameters.Originality/valueProcessing parameters were found to affect the quality attributes of free fatty acid, peroxide values and the colour intensity of the oil.
Are PIIGS stock markets efficient?
Authors: Kumar Dilip 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to test the finite sample properties of the automatic variance ratio (AVR) test and suggest suitable measure to improve its small sample properties under conditional heteroskedasticity and apply it to test the martingale hypothesis in the stock prices of the Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIIGS economies) markets. This paper also seeks to investigate that “If the time series is not martingale, then what else?”Design/methodology/approachMonte Carlo experiments have been undertaken to test the small sample properties of automatic variance ratio (AVR) test. The study uses AVR test on daily and weekly data of the indices to investigate their martingale behaviour. It uses detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and BDS test statistics to answer, “If not martingale, then what else?”. The study also applies moving subsample approach to examine the dynamic behavior of stock prices and to obtain inferential findings robust to possible structural changes and presence of influential outliers.FindingsThe author finds that weighted bootstrap procedure significantly improves the small sample properties of AVR tests under conditional heteroskedasticity. The results provide evidence in support of the weak‐form efficiency of Italy and Spain. But Portugal, Ireland and Greece exhibit signs of long memory in the stock prices. All indices also exhibit chaotic characteristics.Originality/valueThis paper has both methodological and empirical originality. On the methodological aspect, the author proposes weighted bootstrap procedure on AVR test to improve its small sample properties. On the empirical side, the study finds that all stocks exhibit dynamic behavioral characteristics which change over time.
Does induction of labour increase the risk of caesarean section? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of trials in women with intact membranes
Authors: Wood S , Cooper S , Ross S 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRecent literature on the effect of induction of labour (compared with expectant management) has provided conflicting results. Reviews of observational studies generally report an increase in the rate of caesarean section, whereas reviews of post‐dates and term prelabour rupture of membrane (PROM trials suggest either no difference or a reduction in risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate with a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) whether or not the induction of labour increases the risk of caesarean section in women with intact membranes.Search strategyLiterature search using electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials.Selection criteriaRCTs comparing a policy of induction of labour with expectant management in women with intact membranes.Data collection and analysisA total of 37 trials were identified and reviewed. Quantitative analyses with fixed‐ and random‐effects models were performed with revman 5.1.Main resultsOf the 37 RCTs, 27 were trials of uncomplicated pregnancies at 37–42 weeks of gestation. The remaining ten evaluated induction versus expectant management in pregnancies with suspected macrosomia (two), diabetes in pregnancy (one), oligohydramnios (one), twins (two), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (two), mild pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) (one), and women with a high‐risk score for caesarean section (one). Meta‐analysis of 31 trials determined that a policy of induction was associated with a reduction in the risk of caesarean section compared with expectant management (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.92).Author's ConclusionsInduction of labour in women with intact membranes reduces the risk of caesarean section. Review of the trials suggests that this effect may arise from non‐treatment effects, and that additional trials are needed.
Southeast Asian primate communities: the effects of ecology and Pleistocene refuges on species richness
Authors: HASSEL‐FINNEGAN Heather , BORRIES Carola , ZHAO Qing , PHIAPALATH Phaivanh , KOENIG Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examined historical and ecological factors affecting current primate biodiversity in Southeast Asia. In Africa, Madagascar and South America, but not Southeast Asia, primate species richness is positively associated with average rainfall and distance from the equator (latitude). We predicted that Southeast Asia's non‐conformance may be due to the effect of dispersed Pleistocene refuges (locations of constricted tropical forests during glacial maxima which today are at least 305 m in altitude). Based on 45 forested sites (13 on large islands; 32 on the mainland) of at least 100 km2 to minimize recent human impact, we determined correlations between extant primate species richness and rainfall, latitude and supplementary ecological variables, while controlling for refuges and islands. We found that refuge sites had significantly higher primate species richness than non‐refuges (t = –2.76, P < 0.05), and distance from the nearest Pleistocene refuge was negatively correlated with species richness for non‐refuge sites (r = –0.51, P < 0.05). There was no difference in species richness between sites on large islands and the mainland (t = –1.4, P = 0.16). The expected positive relationship between rainfall and species richness was not found (r = 0.17, P = 0.28). As predicted, primate species richness was negatively correlated with latitude (r = –0.39, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with mean temperature (r = 0.45, P < 0.05). General linear models indicated that a site's latitude (F1,38 = 6.18, P < 0.05) and Pleistocene refuge classification (F1,42 = 5.96, P < 0.05) were the best predictors of species richness. Both ecological and historical factors contribute to present day primate species richness in Southeast Asia, making its biodiversity less of an outlier than previously believed.
Sex‐specific participation in inter‐group conflicts within a multilevel society: the first evidence at the individual level
Authors: ZHAO Dapeng , CHEN Zhuoyue , LI Baoguo , ROMERO Teresa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInter‐group conflicts are common among many group‐living animals and involve potentially complex motivations and interactions. Mammals living in multilevel societies offer a good opportunity to study inter‐group conflicts. This study is the first to explore the function of sex‐specific participation during inter‐group conflicts within a multilevel society at the individual level. The Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered seasonal breeding species living in a multilevel society. From Sep 2007 to May 2008 we recorded 290 inter‐group conflicts of a free‐ranging provisioned band of R. roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China to investigate the function of individual aggression during inter‐group encounters. Our findings show that adult males were the main participants in inter‐group conflicts, while females took part in them only occasionally. The male participation rate during the mating season, when adult females were estrous, was significantly higher than that during the non‐mating season. Furthermore, males directed their aggression to other males, and directed more intense aggression towards bachelor males than towards other resident males. For both sexes, the participation rate as initiators was higher in the winter than that in the spring; and there was a significant positive correlation between group size and the participation rate as initiators. Our results suggest that inter‐group aggression in Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys is linked to both mate defense and resource defense.
William Shenstone's Poetry, The Leasowes and the Intermediality of Reading and Architectural Design
Authors: JUNG SANDRO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExamining the complexity of Shenstone's landscape gardening project, his self‐fashioning and pastoral myth‐making, the essay will study a hitherto neglected, illustrated manuscript album of Shenstone's verse, investigating the volume's intermedial remit by reading it as poetic guidebook for visitors to The Leasowes. Discussing its visual–textual strategies as related to the poet's landscape gardening, the essay will shed light on Shenstone's unique scripting of a route that visitors follow in order to experience both the different loci of his monumentalised self and nature's architectural recasting.
Structural change in urban Chinese food preferences
Authors: Hovhannisyan Vardges , Gould Brian W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe undertake a range of tests for structural food preference change in urban China, using provincial‐level panel data from 2002 to 2010. We introduce a time transition function into the Generalized Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (GQAIDS) to represent consumer preferences. We apply this system to evaluate the demand structure for seven food groups. The use of the GQAIDS specification relaxes many empirical demand system restrictions associated with previous analyses of structural preference change. Our findings suggest that Chinese food preferences are continuing to evolve.
Cloning and Characterization of the GNA11 Promoter and its Regulation by Early Growth Response 1
Authors: Klenke Stefanie , Siffert Winfried , Frey Ulrich Hermann 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGNAQ and GNA11, encoding the G‐proteins Gαq and Gα11, are members of the Gαq/Gα11 subfamily, which transmits signals from the cell surface to intracellular signalling cascades. The GNAQ promoter was already characterized, and regulation by the transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr‐1) was demonstrated. Interestingly, in silico analysis revealed putative Egr‐1 binding sites in sequences potentially representing the GNA11 promoter. However, the GNA11 promoter has not been characterized so far. Therefore, the purpose of the study was the characterization of the GNA11 promoter and investigation of its potential regulation by Egr‐1. The putative GNA11 promoter was cloned, and deletion constructs were generated. Luciferase assays were performed, and essential regulatory regions identified between nt‐805/‐177. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), one specific Egr‐1 binding site at nt‐475/‐445 was identified. An Egr‐1 expression plasmid was generated, which evoked increased Egr‐1 content in nuclear extracts and a > 2‐fold increase in GNA11 promoter activity in construct nt‐805/+54 (p = 0.035). Finally, real‐time PCR analysis was performed, and an increased Gα11 mRNA (p = 0.035) expression induced by Egr‐1 was found. Here, we characterize for the first time the GNA11 promoter and its specific interaction with Egr‐1. Both the GNAQ and the GNA11 promoter appear to be regulated by the same transcription factor, Egr‐1, which may be a molecular mechanism leading to Gαq‐/Gα11‐associated phenotypes.