bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of malonaldehyde content in enriched chicken meat during isothermal cooking
Authors: Roux Stéphanie , Petit Matthieu , Baeza Elisabeth , Bastianelli Denis , Tillard Emmanuel , Arnaud Elodie 
Published: November 2013

Lipid oxidation is a standard parameter in the evaluation of meat quality. It is most often used when the composition of the meat is modified, either by changing the animal's diet or by adding food supplements during post‐slaughter meat processing. Malonaldehyde (MA) is commonly accepted as the main lipid oxidation product in meat. In this study, changes in MA contents in chicken meat enriched with n3‐PUFA during cooking were analysed. Small samples (1.5 g) of ground chicken thighs were placed in plastic bags, wrapped in thin film, and immersed in a water bath at different temperatures (50, 70 and 100°C) for cooking times ranging from 0 to 30 min. MA content was measured by liquid chromatography. MA content first increased rapidly and then decreased. The kinetics were fitted to a model using sequential first‐order reactions including appearance and disappearance rate constants. The temperature influenced the rate constants according to Arrhenius' law, with the highest activation energy for the appearance rate constant. An increase in the vitamin E content of the meat reduced the appearance rate but not the disappearance rate constant.Practical applications: This study investigates the possibility of modelling the MA content in n3‐PUFA enriched chicken meat during cooking in order to predict the lipid oxidation state of the meat consumers would eat. By understanding the mechanisms of MA appearance and disappearance reactions according to the level of antioxidant present in the meat, this study enables to monitor the lipid oxidation extent. The utility of vitamin E as an antioxidant in n3‐PUFA enriched chicken meat is demonstrated. This study also enlightens the behaviour of the MA, the compound most widely used in literature to characterize the lipid oxidation extent, which is a transition product and must be used with care. In fact, it is clearly shown that a single value of MA content cannot express an oxidation state due to cooking without prior focus on the complete kinetics to determine the appearance and disappearance phases of the MA.
Hydroboration of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and conversion of the boron adducts*
Authors: Lucas Theodor , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: November 2013

Unsaturated FAMEs can be modified to higher value compounds by hydroboration of the double bond. The added boron atom can be replaced in a subsequent oxidation by a hydroxy group. This way methyl 10‐undecenoate (1b), methyl oleate (3a), methyl ricinoleate ((9Z,12R)‐6a), and methyl linoleate (9) were converted into methyl 11‐hydroxyundecanoate and methyl hydroxyoctadecanoates in 82–92% yield. Organoboranes isomerize at higher temperatures. Hydroboration of oleic acid and subsequent heating to 220°C led after oxidative work‐up to 70% of 1,4‐octadecanediol. Presumably a 1,4‐oxaborinane intermediate is involved. Alkyl groups of organoboranes can be attached to the carbonyl‐equivalent: dichloromethyl methyl ether (DCME). With this reaction the boranes of the esters 1b and 3a were converted in 55–80% yield to dimers with an inserted ketocarbonyl group. Ester 9 afforded in the same reaction methyl nonadecanoates with an integrated cyclopentene ring.Practical applications: Hydroboration–oxidation allows the partially regioselective conversion of unsaturated FAMEs into hydroxy‐ and dihydroxyesters. Thermal isomerization of the boranes from methyl oleate, oleic acid, and oleyl alcohol leads after oxidative work‐up to the 1,4‐diol: 1,4‐octadecanediol as main product. These products are useful as components for polyesters, polyurethanes, and precursors for heterocycles. Reaction of organoboranes from unsaturated FAMEs with the carbonyl equivalent: DCME provides a one‐step access to 1,ω‐diesters with an internal keto group, which can be applied for coupling, cross‐linking, and further conversion. The borane · THF complex is commercially available in amounts of 0.8 mol and more to do exploratory research toward such applications.
Influence of drying on the extraction of different processed lignites
Authors: Wollmerstädt Maria , Lohmeier Reinhard , Herdegen Volker , Schröder Hans‐Werner , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: November 2013

Industrial extraction of montan wax from lignite requires a specific pre‐treatment of raw material concerning milling and drying aiming on particles with sufficient strength and grain size distribution. The wax or its intermediate is a basic material, for example, in foundry, asphalt, or cosmetic industry. First time, the effects of drying temperature and moisture content of lignite samples on extraction rate, extraction yield, and mechanical properties were investigated. The examination was conducted out in lab‐scale with two different mechanical pre‐treatments. The experimental conditions ranged from 85 to 135°C concerning drying temperature and 1–20% for moisture content. The kinetic analysis of analytical wax extraction was made by adopting an approach from natural material extraction by Bucić‐Kojić et al. . The extraction yield as well as the extraction rate is increasing with increasing moisture content until a constant level is reached whereas temperature of drying air showed unexpectedly no significant influence on both parameters. The mechanical properties of the solids were determined by a pressure stress test. For both investigated solids, mechanical strength increases with lowering moisture content. The solids produced with the novel pre‐treatment showed in general a favorable compression behavior than the normally used particles.Practical applications: Industrial montan wax extraction process requires hard lignite particles, which do not decay during processing and handling. The strength of lignite is highly influenced by moisture content besides other factors such as the kind of lignite, the surface mine, drying technology, milling, and processing. The strength of lignite particles increases until a maximum in solidity is reached while drying down from deposit moisture of about 50 wt%. Lignite beds with high moisture content or wide grain size distribution offer the risk of their compression. Such compressed beds are not suitable for extraction due to a lowering or even total loss of permeability for the solvent. The selection of an adequate drying procedure and moisture content of the lignite avoids such problems. But a decrease of moisture content to 1% is known to reduce extraction yield considerably, e.g., the maximal extraction yield requires a specific moisture content of lignite particles .
Phase transition‐induced rapid permeabilization of liposome membranes composed of milk‐sphingomyelin
Authors: Yoshimoto Makoto , Todaka Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2013

Milk‐sphingomyelin (SPM) liposomes encapsulating 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (CF) were prepared and characterized in terms of the temperature‐dependent permeability of the SPM membrane. The liposomes were monodisperse and 109 nm in mean diameter. The SPM membrane was highly permeable to CF when the temperature rapidly increases toward 35°C, exhibiting apparent permeability coefficient of 1.88 × 10−8 cm/s. The size distribution of SPM liposomes was practically unchanged at 35°C. In clear contrast, the membrane was barely permeable at lower and higher temperatures than 30–35°C. The fluorescence polarization measurement, which was performed to evaluate the membrane fluidity, indicated that the rapid membrane permeabilization of SPM liposomes was induced by its phase transition. The temperature‐dependent change in the SPM membrane fluidity was much smaller than that in the membrane composed of 1‐myristoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (MPPC) or 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC), which had comparable acyl chain properties to one of the constituents of SPM. Thus, the SPM liposomes possesses unique features that make their membrane highly permeable at the specific temperature range with moderate change in the membrane fluidity.Practical applications: Kinetically fast permeabilization of SPM liposomes at a near physiological temperature of 35°C is a phenomenon applicable to temperature‐sensitive rapid release of cosmetic compounds from the biocompatible SPM liposomes. Furthermore, the reactions catalyzed by liposome‐encapsulated enzymes, which have been utilized as drugs and biosensors, would be controlled using the SPM liposomes based on the permeability of substrates without causing thermal deactivation of enzymes.
The Redox Chemistry of Mono‐ and Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides
Authors: Zalibera Michal , Stébé Pierre‐Nicolas , Dietliker Kurt , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Spichty Martin , Gescheidt Georg 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMono‐ and bis(acyl)phosphane oxides are usually utilized as photoinitiators for radical polymerizations. This manuscript reveals the electrochemically reversible reductions of these molecules, leading to the corresponding radical anions. The radical anions, which have been characterized by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy, display remarkable delocalization and ion‐pairing behavior that can be rationalized by theoretical calculations.
A De Novo Stereocontrolled Approach to syn‐ and anti‐Disubstituted Acyclic β2,3‐Amino Acid Enantiomers
Authors: Cherepanova Maria , Kiss Loránd , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe stereocontrolled syntheses of functionalized acyclic β2,3‐amino acid derivatives in enantiomerically pure form were performed by starting from enantiopure cis‐ and trans‐2‐aminocyclopent‐3‐enecarboxylates, which were derived from a racemic bicyclic β‐lactam. The synthetic strategy involves the stereoselective dihydroxylaton of the C–C double bond of the cyclopentene β‐amino esters. The subsequent NaIO4‐mediated ring cleavage affords dialdehyde intermediates that undergo functionalization by a Wittig reaction.
Atropisomerization in Confined Space; Cucurbiturils as Tools to Determine the Torsional Barrier of Substituted Biphenyls
Authors: Joseph Roymon , Masson Eric 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe torsional barrier of biphenyls bearing a prochiral dimethylsulfonium group at their 3‐position could be determined by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy only after encapsulation into cucurbit[7]‐ or ‐[8]uril, which triggered the splitting of the two methyl signals. Confinement of the biphenyl units into the macrocycles amplifies the dissymmetry caused by the various ortho‐ and ortho′‐substituents and represents a new tool that can be used to access atropisomerization barriers of bi(hetero)aryl derivatives.
Application of Electrodepositing Graphene Nanosheets for Latent Fingerprint Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Meiqin , Zhu Yu , Yu Xi , Liu Shouliang , Wang Meiling , Wei Qianhui , Hu Xiaoning , Tang Qiao , Zhao Yanjun , Zhang Xueji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFingerprints are still one of the most powerful and important means of biometric identification. This paper presents a green and fast electrochemical method for improved development of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on five kinds of commonly encountered conductive substrates by the use of spatial selective electrodeposition of graphene nanosheets. Since secretions produced in the fingerprint deposit lead the underlying surface to be electrochemically inert or less active, the electrodeposition process only occurs on the areas without fingerprint residue. As a result, a high contrast negative image of the fingerprint was achieved by the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) after optimizing the factors (applied potential, deposition time and scan rate).
The effect of attenuating noradrenergic neurotransmission by clonidine on brain activity measures of visuospatial attention
Authors: Logemann H. N. Alexander , Böcker Koen B. E. , Deschamps Peter K. H. , Kemner Chantal , Kenemans J. Leon 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveIn the current study, we investigated the role of noradrenaline in directing (bias) and disengagement of visuospatial attention.MethodsWe assessed the effect of clonidine on event‐related brain potential (ERP) reflections of bias and disengagement in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover design. An initial dose of 200‐µg clonidine was replaced by 100 µg because of marked side effects. Twenty‐one healthy male participants performed the visual‐spatial cueing task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The behavioral output is the validity effect (benefit of cueing in terms of reaction time to targets). ERP indices for bias were the cue‐related early directing attention negativity and late directing attention positivity, and the target‐elicited P1 and N1 modulations by validity (‘validity‐effect’). The ERP index for disengagement was the target‐elicited ‘late positive deflection’ modulation by validity. Behavioral analyses were performed on 16 participants, electrophysiological analyses on a subset (n = 9).ResultsClonidine attenuated the N1 effect, albeit in a subsample. Neither cue‐elicited ERPs nor the behavioral validity effect were affected. Clonidine‐induced blood pressure reduction was correlated with the reduction of the late positive deflection effect under clonidine.ConclusionClonidine attenuated the result of bias in a subsample and may have a modulating effect on disengagement. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple auto prescan calibration method for multislice fast spin echo MRI
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hoon , Hong Cheol‐Pyo , Lee Man‐Woo , Han Bong‐Soo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe image quality of fast spin echo (FSE) is more sensitive than the typical spin echo pulse sequence caused by the eddy current effect. Microsecond‐scale misalignment of primary spin echoes produces a large spatial variation in image signal intensity. In this study, we describe an auto prescan calibration method that can improve the FSE image quality and minimize the eddy current effect on the image. We used a 0.32 T MRI system and obtained phantom and lumbar images. For FSE image correction, the optimal ranges and steps were determined to find the appropriate values, which were added to or subtracted from the gradient area values for each slice. The appropriate value of each slice could be found using the maximum signal intensity when the refocusing gradient area was changed by a number of steps in the optimal range. The determined value of each slice was applied before each slice image acquisition. The determined optimal step numbers and ranges were applied to in vivo image acquisition, and confirmed the reconstructed image quality. Based on our results, the obtained phantom and lumbar images were shown to be well corrected. The corrected images represented the image quality improvement and elimination of ghosting and blurring artifacts. In conclusion, we have proposed an FSE correction technique that automatically adjusts slice selection for the refocusing gradient balance during prescan, and confirmed that the calibration technique is very reliable even within complex in vivo images. We believe that our proposed technique will greatly benefit in MRI systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 289–293, 2013
An efficient method for estimating soft tissue deformation based on intraoperative stereo image features and point‐based registration
Authors: Ahmadian Alireza , Serej Nasim Dadashi , Karimifard Saeed , Farnia Parastoo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEstimation of soft tissue deformation occurring during image‐guided surgery using an easily implemented and accurate method is necessary. Using a stereo camera, this study focuses on two efficient methods for estimating soft tissue deformation. Two methods were proposed to overcome limitations associated with the typical methods used for estimating soft tissue deformation, such as dependence on accuracy of the operator and indentation of skin. The first method is based on Triclops SDK, and the second method is based on projecting a pattern to acquire P‐Lands (Projected Landmarks). Based on the proposed methods, surface information is acquired in the form of point clouds of surface point coordinates to the submillimeter accuracy. The reconstructed predeformation three‐dimensional (3D) point cloud obtained for each method is registered with a modified iterative closest point algorithm to a postdeformation 3D point cloud obtained from the same region of interest. Results were compared with an MRI–MRI registration method as a control. Results are provided as RMS differences between the initial and final coordinates of corresponding points. The average RMS difference for the typical method is 3.53 mm, that for the Triclops SDK method is 2.32 mm, and that for the P‐Lands projection method is 2.06 mm. The MRI‐MRI registration had an average RMS difference of 1.12 mm. Using MRI‐MRI registration as the gold standard, the average error obtained for the typical method was 2.41 mm, that for the first method was 1.2 mm, and that for the second method was 0.94 mm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 294–303, 2013
An improved fast marching method and its application in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhao Xiaojie , Wen Xiaotong , Shen Jiahui , Hong Hao , Yao Li 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a noninvasive approach to characterize the fiber pathways in the human brain. Among the fiber tractography algorithms in DTI analysis, the fast marching (FM) method has been widely used in quantitatively analyzing the structural connectivity of the fibers and their changes. However, standard FM only considers the similarity and the principal direction information conveyed by two neighboring voxels. It may have poor tracking performance when image noise and fiber crossing are present. To solve this problem, we introduced an improved FM method employing a memory factor (MFFM) to better characterize the directionality of fiber propagation. Simulation showed that MFFM yields higher tracking accuracy, lower computational load, and better antinoise/crossing performance compared with standard FM. Finally, we applied MFFM to Alzheimer's disease (AD) DTI data to explore the impaired regional connectivity of fiber structure. The results augment the knowledge of the pathological alteration of white matter in AD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 346–352, 2013
Optimization of rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) pulse sequence parameters for 19F‐MRI studies
Authors: Mastropietro Alfonso , De Bernardi Elisabetta , Breschi Gian Luca , Zucca Ileana , Cametti Massimo , Soffientini Chiara Dolores , de Curtis Marco , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Spreafico Roberto , Resnati Giuseppe , Baselli Giuseppe 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo optimize signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in fast spin echo (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement [RARE]) sequences and to improve sensitivity in 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 7T preclinical MRI system, based on a previous experimental evaluation of T1 and T2 actual relaxation times.Materials and MethodsRelative SNR changes were theoretically calculated at given relaxation times (T1, T2) and mapped in RARE parameter space (TR, number of echoes, flip back pulse), at fixed acquisition times. T1 and T2 of KPF6 phantom samples (solution, agar mixtures, ex vivo perfused brain) were measured and experimental SNR values were compared with simulations, at optimal and suboptimal RARE parameter values.ResultsThe optimized setting largely depended on T1, T2 times and the use of flip back pulse improved SNR up to 30% in case of low T1/T2 ratios. Relaxation times in different conditions showed negligible changes in T1 (below 14%) and more evident changes in T2 (−95% from water solution to ex vivo brain). Experimental data confirmed theoretical forecasts, within an error margin always below 4.1% at SNR losses of ∼20% and below 8.8% at SNR losses of ∼40%. The optimized settings permitted a detection threshold at a concentration of 0.5 mM, corresponding to 6.22 × 1016 fluorine atoms per voxel.ConclusionOptimal settings according to measured relaxation times can significantly improve the sensitivity threshold in 19F MRI studies. They were provided in a wide range of (T1, T2) values and experimentally validated showing good agreement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:162–170. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supra‐aortic arteries: Three‐dimensional time‐resolved k‐t BLAST contrast‐enhanced MRA using a nondedicated body coil at 3 tesla in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ferré Jean‐Christophe , Raoult Hélène , Breil Stéphane , Carsin‐Nicol Béatrice , Ronzière Thomas , Gauvrit Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo assess the image quality and diagnostic performance achieved by using supra‐aortic 3D‐TR‐CE‐k‐t BLAST MRA and a nondedicated body coil as compared with conventional CE‐MRA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, 36 consecutive patients with a suspected acute ischemic stroke underwent both k‐t BLAST MRA and conventional CE‐MRA. Image quality was assessed using visual and quantitative criteria and the techniques were compared. Both techniques were compared for degree of visual and quantitative measurement of carotid stenosis.ResultsDelineation of vessel lumen and overall diagnostic confidence were significantly better with CE‐MRA, respectively 3.4 ± 0.5 and 3.3 ± 0.6 (mean score ± SD), than with k‐t BLAST MRA, respectively 2.8 ± 0.4 and 2.9 ± 0.5 (P < 0.02). SNR and CNR were significantly higher for k‐t BLAST MRA, respectively 33.5 ± 19.3 and 27.9 ± 19.3, than for CE‐MRA, respectively 25.7 ± 10 and 20.4 ± 8.4 (P < 0.03). Intertechnique agreement was good for carotid stenosis characterization (κ = .763). For the 14 relevant stenosis, stenosis measurements were highly correlated between techniques (0.96; P < 0.0001). The Bland‐Altman plot showed a low bias in assessment of the degree of stenosis (mean bias 2.1% ± 7.7).Conclusionk‐t BLAST MRA using a nondedicated coil offering and dynamic information was a effective diagnostic tool for detection and characterization of carotid stenosis.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1056–1063. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulse wave velocity and flow in the carotid artery versus the aortic arch: Effects of aging
Authors: Kröner Eleanore S.J. , Lamb Hildo J. , Siebelink Hans‐Marc J. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , van den Boogaard Pieter J. , van der Wall Ernst E. , de Roos Albert , Westenberg Jos J.M. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo explore differences in arterial stiffness of the aorta and carotid artery, assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), to evaluate the blood flow volume distribution towards the carotid circulation and to assess the effect of aging on the coupling between aortic and carotid PWV using velocity‐encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsSixteen adult younger volunteers (age <30 years) and 16 older volunteers (age >45 years) underwent 3T MRI examination to assess aortic and carotid flow volumes and PWV using the transit time method.ResultsAortic versus carotid PWV‐ratio was 1.2 for younger volunteers and 0.95 for older volunteers, demonstrating leveling of wall stiffness. Furthermore, flow volume per minute in the internal carotid artery was lower for older versus younger volunteers (mean volume 177 ± 42 mL/min/m2 vs. 147 ± 32 mL/min/m2, P = 0.028), whereas aorta and common carotid artery flow volumes were not different. Consequently, the fraction of blood flow volume towards the brain was smaller for older versus younger volunteers (61 ± 9% versus 71 ± 8%, P = 0.002).ConclusionPWV‐leveling between aorta and carotid artery at older age is associated with a reduction in blood flow volume towards the brain. Velocity‐encoded MRI can be used to evaluate PWV and flow volume distribution in the aortic arch and the carotid circulation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:287–293. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.