bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Point Collaborative Passivation of Surface Defects for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qiao Xiang , Zhu Rui , Yan Dong , Su Zhenhuang , Zhang Zuhong , Wu Hongzhuo , Tan Yasong , Liang Mengnan , Zuo Weiwei , Zhang Junhan , Li Guixiang , Gao Xingyu , Saliba Michael , Li Meng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe inherent defects (lead iodide inversion and iodine vacancy) in perovskites cause non‐radiative recombination and there is also ion migration, decreasing the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices. Eliminating these inherent defects is critical for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. Herein, an organic molecule with multiple active sites (4,7‐bromo‐5,6‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐phenylpropyl thiadiazole, M4) is introduced to modify the upper interface of perovskites. When M4 interacts with the perovskite surface, the active bromine (Br) site interacts with lead (Pb) at the surface to repair iodine atomic vacancy defects. The fluorine (F) site of M4 interacts with Pb to correct octahedral crystal lattice distortions and eliminate PbI defects. Additionally, sulfur–iodine (S–I) interactions reduce I–I dimerization and eliminate IPb defects. It is also calculated that the energy level of M4 aligns with the band gap, promoting charge transfer. As a result, the perovskite devices achieve an efficiency of 25.1%, a stabilized power output (SPO) of 25.0%, a voltage of 1.19 V, and a fill factor of 85.2%. The device retains 95% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h of ageing in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thus, multi‐point cooperative passivation of surface defects provides an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Tunable Viscoelasticity of Alginate Hydrogels via Serial Autoclaving
Authors: Moheimani Hamidreza , Stealey Samuel , Neal Sydney , Ferchichi Eya , Zhang Jialiang , Foston Marcus , Setton Lori A. , Genin Guy M. , Huebsch Nathaniel , Zustiak Silviya P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlginate hydrogels are widely used as biomaterials for cell culture and tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. Reducing alginate molecular weight is an effective strategy for modulating hydrogel viscoelasticity and stress relaxation behavior, which can significantly impact cell spreading and fate. However, current methods like gamma irradiation to produce low molecular weight alginates suffer from high cost and limited accessibility. Here, a facile and cost‐effective approach to reduce alginate molecular weight in a highly controlled manner using serial autoclaving is presented. Increasing the number of autoclave cycles results in proportional reductions in intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and molecular weight of the polymer while maintaining its chemical composition. Hydrogels fabricated from mixtures of the autoclaved alginates exhibit tunable mechanical properties, with inclusion of lower molecular weight alginate leading to softer gels with faster stress relaxation behaviors. The method is demonstrated by establishing how viscoelastic relaxation affects the spreading of encapsulated fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. Results establish repetitive autoclaving as an easily accessible technique to generate alginates with a range of molecular weights and to control the viscoelastic properties of alginate hydrogels, and demonstrate utility across applications in mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Copper and Photocatalytic Synergistic Strategies for Radical Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Lu Yue‐Jiao , Dai Nan‐Nan , Li Mu‐Han , Tian Wen‐Chan , Li Qiang , Wang Zheng‐Jun , Tang Keqi , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of photo‐synergistic transition metal catalytic systems has provided a green paradigm to complement thermal transition metal catalytic methods. However, the most commonly used iridium or ruthenium complexes involve expensive in nature, in contrast to the abundant copper elements in the earth's crust, which are highly valued for their unique electronic structure and light‐absorbing properties. Recently, the application of copper and photocatalytic synergistic strategies in radical cyclization reactions has progressed considerably, leading to a renaissance in the synthesis of functional natural products, drugs and their analogues, but summary work addressing this aspect has not been reported. In this review, we briefly analyze the effect of ligand choice on copper complexes and some inorganic copper salts and even on light sources. We then summarize the copper and photocatalytic synergistic strategies in radical cyclization reactions and classify them into three categories, C, N and O radicals, according to the class of the central atom of the radical in each work, and in each category will be elaborated in turn from coordination cyclization via Cu catalysts, direct radical cyclization and other cyclization mode. For individual more complex reactions, the mechanisms are explored and briefly discussed.
Recent improvements in quantification of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra and maps in electron microscopy of semiconductors
Authors: Walther Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis tutorial‐style article describes recent improvements in the quantitative application of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and mapping in electron microscopes to semiconductors, with a focus on spatial resolution, sensitivity and accuracy obtainable in characterising the chemical composition of thin layers, quantum wells and quantum dots. Various approaches applicable in scanning electron microscopy of bulk and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy of thin film samples are outlined. Applications to semiconductor quantum well systems, mainly based on indium gallium arsenide and silicon germanium studied in the author's laboratory, are provided as examples.
Axion‐Like Interactions and CFT in Topological Matter, Anomaly Sum Rules and the Faraday Effect
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Cretì Mario , Lionetti Stefano , Melle Dario , Tommasi Riccardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFundamental aspects of chiral anomaly‐driven interactions in conformal field theory (CFT) in four spacetime dimensions are discussed. These interactions find application in very general contexts, from early universe plasma to topological condensed matter. The key shared characteristics of these interactions are outlined, specifically addressing the case of chiral anomalies, both for vector currents and gravitons. In the case of topological materials, the gravitational chiral anomaly is generated by thermal gradients via the (Tolman–Ehrenfest) Luttinger relation. In the CFT framework, a nonlocal effective action, derived through perturbation theory, indicates that the interaction is mediated by excitation in the form of an anomaly pole, which appears in the conformal limit of the vertex. To illustrate this, it is demonstrated how conformal Ward identities (CWIs) in momentum space allow to reconstruct the entire chiral anomaly interaction in its longitudinal and transverse sectors just by inclusion of a pole in the longitudinal sector. Both sectors are coupled in amplitudes with an intermediate chiral fermion or a bilinear Chern–Simons current with intermediate photons. In the presence of fermion mass corrections, the pole transforms into a cut, but the absorption amplitude in the axial‐vector channel satisfies mass‐independent sum rules related to the anomaly in any chiral interaction. The detection of an axion‐like/quasiparticle in these materials may rely on a combined investigation of these sum rules, along with the measurement of the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization of incident light when subjected to a chiral perturbation. This phenomenon serves as an analog of a similar one in ordinary axion physics, in the presence of an axion‐like condensate, which is rederived using axion electrodynamics.
Biphyly of the genus Wendlandia and establishment of a new tribe Clavistigmateae and a new genus Clavistigma of Rubiaceae from Asia
Authors: Tu Tieyao , Cai Jie , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Hu Xiaoying , Xia Qian , Yang Hong , Gu Shiran , Huang Tianyi , Zhao Zhongtao , Shi Miaomiao , Wang Xiangping , Li Shijin , Xie Peiwu , Wen Jun , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWendlandia, as currently circumscribed, is a genus of Rubiaceae comprising about 90 species mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. By sampling species from all four series (Clavigerae, Euexsertae, Montigenae, Subinclusae) and all tribes in the subfamily Dialypetalanthoideae, we examined the monophyly of Wendlandia based on phylogenetic reconstruction using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and four plastid DNA regions. Wendlandia was resolved as biphyletic, consisting of two distantly related lineages that correspond to the monotypic series Clavigerae (Wendlandia pendula), sister to the Chinese endemic genus Trailliaedoxa, and a clade containing the remainder sampled members of Wendlandia. Based on the isolated phylogenetic position of W. pendula and its unique morphological characteristics compared to the recognized tribes of the Vanguerieae alliance, we herein erect a new monotypic genus, Clavistigma, and a new tribe, Clavistigmateae to accommodate the unique species. The secondary pollen presentation and the unique seed morphology were firstly described for the species. The divergence time between Clavistigma and Trailliaedoxa was dated back to 13.8 mya, coinciding with the climate change in northwestern Yunnan driven by the uplift Tibet Plateau and the river incision in the Hengduan Mountains during the Miocene and Late Pliocene.
Simple modified silicone rubber injection technique in fresh cadaveric pelvis and extremities
Authors: Siriwittayakorn Wuttipong , Buranaphatthana Thanawat , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Apivatthakakul Theerachai , Apivatthakakul Varat , Theppariyapol Bodin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe silicone rubber injection technique was first described in 1999 and has been used in the vascular study of neurology and head and neck dissection. Silicone rubber is durable, flexible, and inexpensive. However, the original silicone rubber injection formula perfuses poorly into the pelvis and extremities. We present a simple modification to the silicone rubber injection technique, showcasing its effectiveness in studying the vascular structures in the pelvis and extremities. We used an ordinary mold‐making silicone rubber. The new formula involves mixing the silicone rubber with silicone thinner, acetone, catalyst, and resin color. The mixture is then injected into the artery until the color becomes visible under the skin. The specimen is left at room temperature for 0.5–1 h for the silicone rubber to harden. With our technique, the silicone rubber substance perfuses adequately into small arterial perforators and can penetrate into the subdermal plexus. The smallest subdermal arteries identified under a light microscope measured 6 μm. The modified silicone rubber injection technique has proven to be a valuable tool in anatomical education and surgical training.
Chinese expert consensus on an innovative patient‐centered approach to diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Authors: Mo Hongnan , Zhong Ruiqi , Ma Fei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatient‐centered care (PCC) is an innovative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy that aims to improve patients' experience during the management of their disease. However, despite growing interest, the concept and specifics of PCC remain unclear. This consensus document addresses this gap by providing a literature review and a clear definition of PCC and outlines its main components as observed in real‐world practice. These components include daytime diagnostic and treatment procedures, in‐hospital and community‐based infusion centers, home‐based diagnostic and treatment services, smart healthcare solutions, and integration of traditional Chinese medicine. This document delves into the implementation of PCC and explores its potential benefits.
Experimental Validation of Stationary and Transient Models of a Methanol Demonstration Plant
Authors: Franza Fabrizio , Dignath Florian , Schlüter Stefan , Geitner Christian , Voß Johannes Michael , Schulzke Tim , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe system integration of cross‐industrial networks in the Carbon2Chem® project relies on numerical simulations. Hence, this study validates the methanol synthesis loop models vs. the measurements from a demonstration plant, focusing on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and dynamic aspects. The plant can produce up to 500 L per week of methanol from real blast furnace gases of the thyssenkrupp steel plant in Duisburg. Despite its small size, it comprises a recycle gas loop and an original reactor tube of 6 m in length. After validation, the simulation models are used to analyze the dynamic operation limits of the plant, and they are transferred to the model of an industrial size to analyze the operation of cross‐industrial networks with volatile boundary conditions.
Robust optimization of cascaded MSMPR crystallization unit using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Inapakurthi Ravi Kiran , Mitra Kishalay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) system in the pharmaceutical industry to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients is well known. In industrial settings, the MSMPR system is subject to lot of process uncertainty which, if ignored, might result in poor product quality. In this work, the process uncertainty involved in MSMPR is targeted during the process optimization stage to find robust optimal operating conditions. The temperature and the residence time inside each cascaded MSMPR unit, altogether six, are considered as uncertain parameters. A sampled set of uncertain data points for such six different uncertain parameters are clustered using a novel support vector clustering (SVC) based algorithm. The uniqueness of this algorithm lies in its ability to fine‐tune the hyper‐parameters of SVC while intelligently clustering the uncertain data points into optimal number of clusters. Such identified clusters are helpful to generate more samples from the intended regions rather than generating them randomly to avoid proposing conservative solutions. Both best‐case and worst‐case scenarios for robust oOptimization (RO) are considered with , and samples. As the model has to be evaluated for a large number of samples and the MSMPR models are time‐consuming to evaluate, a surrogate model of the MSMPR process is developed to perform optimization under uncertainty. Performance metrics are used to quantitatively establish the superiority of the SVC based RO over the box‐sampling based RO.
Heteroatom‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Precision Synthesis and Emerging Properties†
Authors: Gao Pei‐Han , Chen Cheng , Wang Xiao‐Ye 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which can be considered as a special type of conjugated polymers, are quasi‐one‐dimensional graphene cutouts with an opened band gap, revealing great potential as functional materials in optoelectronic, spintronic, and energy‐related applications. An effective strategy to modulate the properties of GNRs is doping heteroatoms into the π‐skeleton. Thanks to the bottom‐up synthetic approach, a number of heteroatom‐doped GNRs with precise structures have been reported, exhibiting intriguing properties. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary of the progress of this field has remained elusive. In this review, we summarize the history and advances in bottom‐up synthesized heteroatom‐doped GNRs, including their synthetic routes, electronic properties, and promising applications. We hope to establish the reliable structure–property relationship, and provide guidance for the molecular design of heteroatom‐doped GNRs in the future.
Optical and Supramolecular Properties of Cyclometalated Palladium Nanostructures with Tumor Targeting Properties in Living Mice: A Quantum Mechanics Interpretation.
Authors: Zazza Costantino , Sanna Nico , Borocci Stefano , Grandinetti Felice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe recent discovery that metallophilic interactions between cyclometalated palladium supramolecular nanostructures – with efficient tumour accumulation rate in a skin melanoma model – maintain excellent photodynamic properties even in a hypoxic microenvironment has inspired the present study focused on the theoretical predictions of optical properties of the bis‐cyclometalated palladium compound in different contexts. More specifically, structural and UV/Vis absorption properties of both monomeric and dimeric forms of this anticancer drug are well reproduced with a Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theoretical (TD‐DFT) approach based on Exchange–Correlation (XC) hybrid functionals in conjunction with conductor‐like and polarization solvation effects. A further novelty is represented by a fine investigation of the supramolecular interactions between the different subunits of the drug via dispersion force correction and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). This contribution while supporting the photoexcitation properties derived in laboratory following the self‐assembly of monomeric units when passing from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a H2O/DMSO mixture at 298 K, shed some light on the nature of the chemical interactions modulating the formation of nano‐size aggregates.
Sulfur‐Doped Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheet for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO with Ultra‐High Selectivity
Authors: Zhu Chengxin , Liu Qiong , Yan Huan , Zhang Wei , Chen Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has emerged as a compelling strategy for the conversion of renewable energy. However, the expeditious recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and the inadequate light absorption capabilities are currently predominant challenges. Herein, we developed a facile hydrothermal approach to synthesize a sulfur doped Bi2O2CO3 nanosheet with a tunable energy band structure designed to enhance visible light absorption. Our findings indicate that the incorporation of sulfur into the catalytic sites induces an electron sink effect, significantly improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Consequently, this sulfur‐doped Bi2O2CO3 catalyst exhibits a remarkable carbon monoxide (CO) yield of 16.64 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with nearly 100 % selectivity under illumination ranging from 420 to 780 nm. Through in‐situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, it was revealed that sulfur‐coordinated bismuth sites greatly enhance CO2 adsorption and decrease the energy barrier for critical intermediates formation (*COOH), thus selectively driving the reaction towards CO production. This work not only advances our understanding of mechanisms underlying photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on sulfur‐doped bismuth‐based catalysts but also sets a precedent for developing sophisticated photocatalytic systems for enhanced photoreduction reactions.
Baseline weight recovery and mortality risk in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bastien Amanda J. , Amin Luv , Vasquez Missael , Cong Iris , Luu Michael , Laszlo Meghan , Yen Saori , Thompson Heather , Teitelbaum Elana L. , Jang Julie K. , Mita Alain C. , Scher Kevin S. , Moyers Justin , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon , Walgama Evan S. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Ho Allen S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs a surrogate of malnutrition, degree of weight loss and recovery from head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment is understudied. The influence of modifiable factors that affect weight, including speech/language pathology (SLP) and nutrition counseling, is also poorly defined. We characterize weight loss trends, baseline weight recovery (BWR), and the impact of interdisciplinary care on oncologic outcomes.MethodsRetrospective cohort study assessing 266 newly diagnosed patients with HNC who completed curative‐intent radiation (definitive or adjuvant) between January 2016 to January 2022. Relevant treatment factors were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsAltogether, 266 patients completed full‐course radiation therapy (RT), encompassing definitive chemoRT (53.0%), surgery with chemoRT (18.4%), surgery with RT (17.7%), and RT alone (10.9%). Patient weight reached a nadir at median 3.0 months (IQR 3.0–11.3) after radiation, with a median weight loss of 12.6% (IQR 7.9–18.7). Notably, only 47.4% exhibited BWR. For those who recovered, median time to BWR was 10.5 months (IQR 3.0–24.0). On multivariable analysis, BWR by 6 months was significantly associated with overall survival (HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.10–0.76], p = 0.013), as was SLP consultation (HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.17–0.92], p = 0.031) and nutrition consultation (HR 0.34 [95% CI 0.13–0.89], p = 0.028).ConclusionA high proportion of patients with HNC fail to recover baseline weight after treatment; those that do can take longer than expected to return. Failure to recover baseline weight is associated with a notable decrease in survival. Similarly, SLP and nutrition consultation are independent, modifiable determinants correlated with outcomes, supporting the emphasis on multidisciplinary management. Measures to promote BWR may reduce mortality.
Topic modeling of financial accounting research over 70 years
Authors: Yang Mengxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractI utilize latent Dirichlet allocation and dynamic topic model that are machine learning algorithms across a data set encompassing 25,990 financial accounting articles issued from 1956 to 2023 in 16 accounting journals, and impartially ascertain 20 research topics. The topics of mergers and acquisitions, disclosure and internal control, and political connection exhibited the most rapid expansion, whereas management control systems, earnings management, and valuation experienced the greatest contraction from 2014 to 2023. I also catalog the most referenced papers for each topic and highlight the most swiftly expanding and contracting topics within the realm of 21,620 SSRN working papers. Additionally, my analysis reveals a declining trend in the concentration of research interests within published articles over the preceding seven decades. This research on topic classification itself will aid accounting investigators in bypassing superfluous efforts and fostering increased interdisciplinary research.
Combinatorial approach of cannabidiol and active‐targeted‐mediated photodynamic therapy in malignant melanoma treatment
Authors: Nkune Nkune Williams , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) continues to claim millions of lives around the world due to its limited therapeutic alternatives. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained popularity in cancer treatment due it increased potency and low off‐target toxicity. Studies have pointed out that the heterogeneity of MM tumours reduces the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches, including PDT, leading to high chances of recurrences post‐treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychoactive derivative of cannabis, can synergise with various anticancer agents to increase their efficacy. However, CBD demonstrates low bioavailability, which is attributed to factors relating to poor water compatibility, poor absorption and rapid metabolism. Nanotechnology offers tools that address these issues and enhance the biological efficiency and targeted specificity of anticancer agents. Herein, we highlighted the standard therapeutic modalities of MM and their pitfalls, as well as pointed out the need for further investigation into PDT combination therapy with CBD.