bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connected Stocks
Authors: ANTÓN MIGUEL , POLK CHRISTOPHER 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe connect stocks through their common active mutual fund owners. We show that the degree of shared ownership forecasts cross‐sectional variation in return correlation, controlling for exposure to systematic return factors, style and sector similarity, and many other pair characteristics. We argue that shared ownership causes this excess comovement based on evidence from a natural experiment—the 2003 mutual fund trading scandal. These results motivate a novel cross‐stock‐reversal trading strategy exploiting information contained in ownership connections. We show that long‐short hedge fund index returns covary negatively with this strategy, suggesting these funds may exacerbate this excess comovement.
Merger Negotiations with Stock Market Feedback
Authors: BETTON SANDRA , ECKBO B. ESPEN , THOMPSON REX , THORBURN KARIN S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDo preoffer target stock price runups increase bidder takeover costs? We present model‐based tests of this issue assuming runups are caused by signals that inform investors about potential takeover synergies. Rational deal anticipation implies a relation between target runups and markups (offer value minus runup) that is greater than minus one‐for‐one and inherently nonlinear. If merger negotiations force bidders to raise the offer with the runup—a costly feedback loop where bidders pay twice for anticipated target synergies—markups become strictly increasing in runups. Large‐sample tests support rational deal anticipation in runups while rejecting the costly feedback loop.
Can mobile phone multimedia messages and text messages improve clinic attendance for Aboriginal children with chronic otitis media? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Phillips James H , Wigger Christine , Beissbarth Jemima , McCallum Gabrielle B , Leach Amanda , Morris Peter S 
Published: February 2014

AimDoes phone multimedia messages (MMS) to families of Indigenous children with tympanic membrane perforation (TMP): (i) increase clinic attendance; (ii) improve ear health; and (iii) provide a culturally appropriate method of health promotion?MethodsFifty‐three Australian Aboriginal children with a TMP living in remote community households with a mobile phone were randomised into intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 23) groups. MMS health messages in local languages were sent to the intervention group over 6 weeks.ResultsPrimary outcome: there was no significant difference in clinic attendance, with 1.3 clinic visits per child in both groups (mean difference −0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.1, 0.9; P = 0.9).Secondary outcomes: (i) there was no significant change in healed perforation (risk difference 6%; 95% CI −10, 20; P = 0.6), middle ear discharge (risk difference −1%; 95% CI −30, 30; P = 1.0) or perforation size (mean difference 3%; 95% CI −11, 17; P = 0.7) between the groups; (ii) 84% (95% CI 60, 90) in the control and 70% (95% CI 50, 80) in the intervention group were happy to receive MMS health messages in the future. The difference was not significant (risk difference −14%; 95% CI −37, 8; P = 0.3).ConclusionsAlthough there was no improvement in clinic attendance or ear health, this randomised controlled trial of MMS in Indigenous languages demonstrated that MMS is a culturally appropriate form of health promotion. Mobile phones may enhance management of chronic disease in remote and disadvantaged populations.
Peer and community influences on the acceptance of premarital sex among Vietnamese adolescents
Authors: Gibbs Susannah E , Le Linh Cu , Dao Hoang Bach , Blum Robert W 
Published: February 2014

AimAdolescents in Vietnam have a low level of sexual activity, but this may increase with urbanisation and economic development. The aim of this analysis is to understand trends in correlates of permissive attitudes towards premarital sex among Vietnamese adolescents using an ecological framework.MethodsData from the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth from 2003 (n = 7584) and 2009 (n = 10 044) were analysed using multivariable logistic regressions to examine associations between permissive attitudes towards premarital sex and demographic and contextual factors among adolescents aged 14 to 25.ResultsCorrelates of having permissive attitudes towards premarital sex in both 2003 and 2009 included being male, older age, living in an urban area, living in the North, having ever used the Internet and perceiving that people in the community were having premarital sex. Variables that were significant in 2009 but not in 2003 included socio‐economic status and belonging to an ethnic minority. Statistically significant changes in associations between 2003 and 2009 were observed for age, socio‐economic status and belonging to an ethnic minority.ConclusionsThe association of permissive attitudes with community norms and certain socio‐demographic variables in conjunction with overarching economic development and urbanisation suggests that premarital sex will likely become increasingly common among Vietnamese adolescents. These trends should be further assessed as adolescent sexual activity becomes more common and adolescent friendly health services should be developed to provide appropriate and acceptable sexual and reproductive health care to young people.
Does ondansetron have an effect on intramuscular ketamine‐associated vomiting in children? A prospective, randomised, open, controlled study
Authors: Lee Ji Sook , Jeon Woo Chan , Park Eun Jung , Min Young Gi , Kim Gi Woon , Jung Yoon Seok , Choi Sang Cheon 
Published: February 2014

AimKetamine is one of the most commonly used sedatives for facilitating painful procedures for paediatric patients in the emergency department (ED). However, the use of ketamine is associated with a common, though not serious, adverse event usually called ketamine‐associated vomiting (KAV). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti‐emetic effect of adjunctive ondansetron in paediatric patients receiving ketamine sedation in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomised, open, controlled study in children from 1 to 18 years of age who had undergone intramuscular ketamine sedation in the ED. The patients were randomised into two groups: a ketamine‐only group and a ketamine/ondansetron group. The patients in the first group received ketamine alone, while those in the second group received ketamine with oral ondansetron. The incidence of KAV was estimated in the ED and after discharge, and the time to resumption of a normal diet was measured after sedation.ResultsA total of 237 patients were analysed. The incidence of KAV was 29.7% in the ketamine‐only group and 25.2% in the ketamine/ondansetron group (P = 0.47). After administration of ketamine, the mean time to resumption of a normal diet was 8 h 54 min in the ketamine‐only group and 8 h 39 min in the ketamine/ondansetron group (P = 0.67).ConclusionsA relatively high rate of KAV (29.7%) was observed, and the time to resumption of a normal diet after ketamine sedation was rather long. It turned out that, however, the adjunctive administration of ondansetron did not effectively reduce the incidence of KAV.
The relationship between procrastination, delay of gratification, and job satisfaction among high school teachers
Authors: Mohsin Falak Zehra , Ayub Nadia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present study aimed at determining whether a significant relationship exists between procrastination, delay of gratification, and job satisfaction, with work‐related stress as an intervening variable among high school teachers. The sample consisted of 150 high school teachers from Karachi, Pakistan. The analysis showed a negative correlation between procrastination and job satisfaction, and a positive correlation between delay of gratification and job satisfaction. Also, procrastination and delay of gratification were significant predictors of work‐related stress, and work‐related stress was also a significant predictor of job satisfaction. In conclusion, when the teachers are not procrastinating on their job and score high on delay of gratification they will be more satisfied with their job and feel less stressed.
Effects of emotional response on the Stroop‐like task in preschool children and young adults
Authors: Ikeda Yoshifumi , Okuzumi Hideyuki , Kokubun Mitsuru 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of emotional response on an inhibitory task, the Stroop‐like day‐night task, in which participants are presented with two pictures. They are then requested to inhibit naming what the card shown to them represents and instead state what the other card represents. Specifically, 35 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children and 15 young adults were administered the emotion‐related happy‐sad task and the emotion‐unrelated up‐down task using the same stimulus set (happy and sad cartoon faces). The results suggested that vulnerability to errors in the happy‐sad task was not derived from increased inhibitory demand. The results also suggested that the happy‐sad task is more inhibitory‐demanding in terms of response time. These results suggested that the happy‐sad task elicits interference more than other variants of this task, not because the task involves emotional stimuli per se but because the task involves both emotional stimuli and emotional responses.
Latent variable models for analyzing children's processing ability
Authors: Xing Yanchun , Ma Wenqing , Shi Ningzhong , Wang Yuan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a latent processing ability model to analyze the speed of processing ability data. Our approach can not only effectively evaluate the effects of covariates on the latent processing ability, but also estimate the latent trait of each child by calculating its posterior mean. In addition, we derive the correlations structure of latent traits among different age groups. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed model. The results indicated that the estimation of model parameters is satisfactory overall. The method is evaluated using real data from children aged 4–7 years inChangchun,China.
“Granny dumping”: Acceptability of sacrificing the elderly in a simulated moral dilemma
Authors: Kawai Nobuyuki , Kubo Kenta , Kubo‐Kawai Namiko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn a simulated moral dilemma, most people would be willing to endorse killing a single individual to save five others, but do people show the same degree of resistance to sacrificing people of different ages? In the present study, participants were asked to choose how acceptable it was to sacrifice one individual from a number of different age groups in order to save five others in a trolley problem. The sacrificial targets were a 70‐year‐old male stranger, a 20‐year‐old male stranger, a 5‐year‐old male stranger, or a 20‐year‐old male disabled stranger. Our results indicated that more participants accepted sacrificing the elderly stranger than the other three targets; sacrificing the child was the least accepted option. These results indicate that the decision‐making process in a moral dilemma involves weighing others' lives according to their age and implicitly predicting their life span.
Modeling of phonological encoding in spoken word production: FromGermanic languages toMandarinChinese andJapanese
Authors: Roelofs Ardi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIt is widely assumed that spoken word production inGermanic languages likeDutch andEnglish involves a parallel activation of phonemic segments and metrical frames in memory, followed by a serial association of segments to the frame, as implemented in theWEAVER++ model (Levelt,Roelofs, &Meyer, 1999). However, for Oriental languages likeMandarinChinese and Japanese, researchers have suggested that the serial association concerns atonal phonological syllables (MandarinChinese) or moras (Japanese) to tonal frames. Here, the utility of these theoretical suggestions is demonstrated by computer simulations of key empirical findings using versions ofWEAVER++ forEnglish,MandarinChinese (纺 织 者++), andJapanese (). The simulation outcomes suggest that, although languages may differ in the phonological structure of their words, the principles underlying phonological encoding are similar across languages.
Sexual biofilm formation in Candida tropicalis opaque cells
Authors: Jones Stephen K. , Hirakawa Matthew P. , Bennett Richard J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryCandida albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic fungal pathogens that can transition between white and opaque phenotypic states. White and opaque cells differ both morphologically and in their responses to environmental signals. In C. albicans, opaque cells respond to sexual pheromones by undergoing conjugation, while white cells are induced by pheromones to form sexual biofilms. Here, we show that sexual biofilm formation also occurs in C. tropicalis but, unlike C. albicans, biofilms are formed exclusively by opaque cells. C. tropicalis biofilm formation was dependent on the pheromone receptors Ste2 and Ste3, confirming the role of pheromone signalling in sexual biofilm development. Structural analysis of C. tropicalis sexual biofilms revealed stratified communities consisting of a basal layer of yeast cells and an upper layer of filamentous cells, together with an extracellular matrix. Transcriptional profiling showed that genes involved in pheromone signalling and conjugation were upregulated in sexual biofilms. Furthermore, FGR23, which encodes an agglutinin‐like protein, was found to enhance both mating and sexual biofilm formation. Together, these studies reveal that C. tropicalis opaque cells form sexual biofilms with a complex architecture, and suggest a conserved role for sexual agglutinins in mediating mating, cell cohesion and biofilm formation.
Phenazine redox cycling enhances anaerobic survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by facilitating generation of ATP and a proton‐motive force
Authors: Glasser Nathaniel R. , Kern Suzanne E. , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWhile many studies have explored the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparatively few have focused on its survival. Previously, we reported that endogenous phenazines support the anaerobic survival of P. aeruginosa, yet the physiological mechanism underpinning survival was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that phenazine redox cycling enables P. aeruginosa to oxidize glucose and pyruvate into acetate, which promotes survival by coupling acetate and ATP synthesis through the activity of acetate kinase. By measuring intracellular NAD(H) and ATP concentrations, we show that survival is correlated with ATP synthesis, which is tightly coupled to redox homeostasis during pyruvate fermentation but not during arginine fermentation. We also show that ATP hydrolysis is required to generate a proton‐motive force using the ATP synthase complex during fermentation. Together, our results suggest that phenazines enable maintenance of the proton‐motive force by promoting redox homeostasis and ATP synthesis. This work demonstrates the more general principle that extracellular redox‐active molecules, such as phenazines, can broaden the metabolic versatility of microorganisms by facilitating energy generation.
CO2 enrichment alters diurnal stem radius fluctuations of 36‐yr‐old Larix decidua growing at the alpine tree line
Authors: Dawes Melissa A. , Zweifel Roman , Dawes Nicholas , Rixen Christian , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: February 2014

Summary

To understand how trees at high elevations might use water differently in the future, we investigated the effects of CO2 enrichment and soil warming (separately and combined) on the water relations of Larix decidua growing at the tree line in the Swiss Alps.

We assessed diurnal stem radius fluctuations using point dendrometers and applied a hydraulic plant model using microclimate and soil water potential data as inputs.

Trees exposed to CO2 enrichment for 9 yr showed smaller diurnal stem radius contractions (by 46 ± 16%) and expansions (42 ± 16%) compared with trees exposed to ambient CO2. Additionally, there was a delay in the timing of daily maximum (40 ± 12 min) and minimum (63 ± 14 min) radius values for trees growing under elevated CO2. Parameters optimized with the hydraulic model suggested that CO2‐enriched trees had an increased flow resistance between the xylem and bark, representing a more buffered water supply system. Soil warming did not alter diurnal fluctuation dynamics or the CO2 response.

Elevated CO2 altered the hydraulic water flow and storage system within L. decidua trees, which might have contributed to enhanced growth during 9 yr of CO2 enrichment and could ultimately influence the future competitive ability of this key tree‐line species.
Importance, but not intensity of plant interactions relates to species diversity under the interplay of stress and disturbance
Authors: Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann , Maalouf Jean‐Paul , Touzard Blaise , Michalet Richard 
Published: February 2014

The lack of clarity on how the intensity and importance of plant interactions change under the co‐occurrence of stress and disturbance strongly impedes assessing the relative importance of plant interactions for species diversity. We addressed this issue in subalpine grasslands of the French Pyrenees. A natural soil moisture gradient further experimentally stretched at both ends was used and a mowing disturbance treatment was applied at each position along the soil moisture gradient. Changes in intensity and importance of plant interactions were assessed by a neighbour removal experiment using four target ecotypes. A structural equation modelling approach was used to assess the relative impact of stress, disturbance, the intensity and importance of plant interactions on diversity at both the neighbourhood and community scales. Without mowing, changes in intensity and importance of plant interactions only diverged in the dry part of the soil moisture gradient. The intensity of plant interactions linearly shifted from competition to facilitation with increasing stress, while the importance followed a hump‐shaped relationship. Species diversity components were tightly related to the importance of plant interactions only, both the neighbourhood and community scales. Mowing disturbance strongly reduced the importance of facilitation along the soil moisture gradient, and suppressed the relationship between the importance of plant interactions and diversity components. Together, our results highlight that 1) the importance is the best predictor of variations in species diversity in this subalpine herbaceous system, and 2) that fine‐scale processes such as plant interactions can affect the entire plant communities. Finally, our results suggest that high level of constraints due to co‐occurring stress and disturbance can inhibit the effects of plant interactions on species diversity, highlighting their potential role in regulating diversity and the maintenance/extinction of plant communities.SynthesisHow plant interactions change along environmental gradients is an unsolved debate, particularly when both stress and disturbance interact. This lack of clarity explains why the relative impact of plant interactions (intensity and importance) on species diversity has been rarely assessed. Using an experimental approach, we found that the importance of plant interactions highly contributed to variation in species diversity, confirming that neighbourhood scale processes such as plant interactions can affect the entire plant communities. The co‐occurrence of stress and disturbance inhibited the effects of plant interactions, highlighting that plant interactions may regulate drops of diversity and the maintenance/extinction of plant communities.
Mapping seedling resistance to net form of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) in barley using detached leaf assay
Authors: König Janine , Perovic Dragan , Kopahnke Doris , Ordon Frank 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTo develop molecular markers against Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley, a detached leaf assay was conducted on two DH populations with a set of 11 single conidial lines (SCLs). Out of these, three showed different reactions in the DH population ‘Uschi × HHOR3073’ and two in ‘(P x V) × HHOR9484’. For SCL ‘QLB’, a 1r : 1s (χ² = 2.78) segregation was observed in the population ‘Uschi × HHOR3073’. In contrast to this, a continuous variation was observed for the SCL ‘WvB’ and ‘d8_4’ in the DH population ‘Uschi × HHOR3073’ and for ‘AR’ and ‘net1840’ in ‘(P × V) × HHOR9484’. With respect to resistance to the SCL ‘QLB’, a single major gene was located on chromosome 7H, and for resistance against SCL ‘WvB’, two QTLs were detected on chromosome 3H and 7H, and against SCL ‘d8_4’, two loci were mapped on chromosome 3HS in ‘Uschi × HHOR3073’. In the DH population ‘(P x V) × HHOR9484’, one locus conferring resistance to the SCL ‘AR’ was located on chromosome 3H. For resistance to SCL ‘net1840’, two QTLs were mapped on chromosome 4H and 5H.
Turnover time of the non‐structural carbohydrate pool influences δ18O of leaf cellulose
Authors: SONG XIN , FARQUHAR GRAHAM D. , GESSLER ARTHUR , BARBOUR MARGARET M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCertainty regarding the degree to which organic molecules exchange oxygen with local water during plant cellulose synthesis (pex) is necessary for cellulose oxygen isotope (δ18Ocell)‐based applications in environmental and ecological studies. However, the currently accepted notion that pex is a constant of ca. 0.42 appears inconsistent with biochemical theory, which predicts that marked variation may be present in pex, in relation to variation in the turnover time (τ) of the carbohydrate pool available for cellulose synthesis. The above prediction was tested in the present study with the analysis of data collected from leaves of Ricinus communis grown in controlled environmental conditions that varied in light intensity and vapour pressure deficit. The results revealed the existence of considerable variation in both pex and τ across plants in the various growth environments. Moreover, despite uncertainties in estimates of the proportion of source water in the synthesis water (px) and of the biochemical fractionation factor (εo), our experiment yielded strong evidence that pex exhibits a significant, positive relationship with τ, consistent with biochemical theory. The observed variation in pex in association with τ has important implications for the interpretation of δ18Ocell data in environmental/ecological studies.
Assessment of the oral health condition of nursing home residents by primary care nurses
Authors: Gerritsen P.F.M. , Schrijvers A.J.P. , Cune M.S. , van der Bilt A. , de Putter C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe interviewed 36 primary care nurses in three Dutch nursing homes regarding the functional oral health and dental treatment needs of 331 care‐dependent residents (average age 77.8 years). The nurses assessed the residents’ oral health condition as good (8.3 on a scale of 0 to 10). Edentulous residents wearing dentures were considered to have better functional oral health than dentate residents wearing partial dentures and edentulous residents not wearing dentures. According to the nurses, only 9% of the residents required dental treatment. This finding is in contrast with an intraoral study of the same population, in which dentists determined that 73% of the residents needed dental treatment.