bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Nurses learning in the workplace: a comparison of workplace attributes in acute care settings inAustralia andSingapore
Authors: Chan S.W. , Chan M.F. , Lee S.‐Y. , Henderson A. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundWorkplaces need to foster teaching and learning interactions so staff collaborate and learn from each other. Internationally, many countries provide support to graduates and experienced staff to foster engagement necessary for learning and quality care. Workplace attributes can differ across countries depending on managerial, contextual, social and policy issues.AimThis study compared workplace attributes of twoAustralian hospitals with aSingaporean hospital.MethodsA representative sample of nurses in two acute care facilities inAustralia (n = 203) and a comparable facility inSingapore (n = 154) during 2010 and 2011 responded to a survey requesting demographic data and responses about workplace attributes. Attributes were determined through validated tools that measure staff perception of support when facilitating others learning (SupportInstrument forNursesFacilitating theLearning ofOthers) and the clinical learning organizational culture (ClinicalLearningOrganizationalCultureSurvey).ResultsResults indicatedSingaporean nurses rated perception of acknowledgement, workload management and teamwork support in facilitating learners in their hospital as significantly better than theAustralian cohort despite similar provisions for support and development. There were no significant differences across the two sites in the clinical learning culture.LimitationsAnalysis across three health facilities only provides a snapshot. Targeting more facilities would assist in confirming the extent of reported trends.ConclusionsFindings indicate differences in nurses' perceptions of support when facilitating learners. Further exploration ofSingaporean nurses' increased perceptions of support is worthy. Clinical learning organizational culture findings acrossAustralian andSingaporean acute care facilities suggest common attributes within the nursing profession that transcend contextual factors, for example, a strong sense of task accomplishment.Implications for nursing and health policyNurses across both countries demonstrate strengths in accomplishing tasks but less so in recognizing nurses' contributions that may also impact nurses' influence in the practice context. As these attributes are common, nursing can collectively lobby and develop policy, thereby strengthening their cause to be recognized.
Bullying and Victimization Among African American Adolescents: A Literature Review
Authors: Albdour Maha , Krouse Helene J. 
Published: January 2014

TopicBullying among African American adolescents.PurposeThis article reviews the current literature on bullying and victimization among African American adolescents. It highlights bullying and violence disparity among African American adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, and effects of bullying on adolescent health.Sources UsedTwenty‐three English language peer‐reviewed articles from CINAHL, Pubmed, and Psyc‐INFO databases.ConclusionAfrican American adolescents have higher rates of bullying and victimization compared to other adolescent populations. This review found strong associations among bullying involvement, substance abuse, and family factors. Bullying also had a significant impact on adolescent health, particularly psychological symptoms and school performance.
Racial/ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis by kindergarten entry
Authors: Morgan Paul L. , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Farkas George , Maczuga Steve 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundWhether and to what extent racial/ethnic disparities in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis occur by kindergarten entry is currently unknown. We investigated risk factors associated with an ADHD diagnosis by kindergarten entry generally, and specifically whether racial/ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis occur by this very early time period.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from children enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort (ECLS‐B), a large, nationally representative cohort of US children born in 2001. Data include information from birth certificates, parent and teacher questionnaires, and in‐person developmental assessments conducted with children at intervals from 9 months through kindergarten entry. The analytic sample included children enrolled in the ECLS‐B at the 60‐month assessment (N = 6,550).ResultsBlack children in the United States were 70% (1 – OR of .30) less likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis than otherwise similar White children. Hispanic children initially appeared to be underdiagnosed for ADHD. However, their disparity with Whites became statistically nonsignificant after controlling for whether a language other than English was primarily spoken in the home. Analyses of kindergarten teacher‐reported classroom behavior indicated that neither Black nor Hispanic children displayed less frequent ADHD‐related behaviors than Whites.ConclusionsAlthough they are not less likely to display ADHD‐related behaviors, children who are Black or being raised in households where non‐English is primarily spoken are less likely than otherwise similar White children to be diagnosed with ADHD in the US.
Comparison of a semiautomated hand‐held device to test minimal erythema dose before narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy with the conventional method using matched doses
Authors: Lynch M. , Carroll F. , Kavanagh A. , Honari B. , Collins P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundA semiautomated hand‐held device has been introduced in some phototherapy centres to establish the minimal erythema dose (MED) before treatment with narrowband ultraviolet (NBUV) B.ObjectivesTo compare the semiautomated hand‐held device with the conventional method of MED testing (a UV‐opaque template and a panel of UVB fluorescent tubes), using the same series of incremented doses.MethodsTwenty‐four patients referred for treatment with NBUVB phototherapy were included. Each patient had MED testing with the conventional method and the semiautomated hand‐held device at the same level of the left and right back. The results were read by four investigators each time.ResultsThe semiautomated hand‐held device was a significant estimator of the MED using the conventional panel method (P < 0.001; r = 0.97). The average ratio of the hand‐held MED to the conventional MED was 67%. The mean difference between the methods was 165 mJ/cm2. The interobserver test showed very high agreement for both methods of MED testing (Cronbach α coefficient 0.97 for the hand‐held MED tester vs. 0.93 for the conventional method).ConclusionsThe semiautomated hand‐held device MED results were lower than that of the conventional panel method and may prolong the treatment course by 2–3 treatments. The hand‐held tester is a fast and reproducible method, and may allow more phototherapy units, limited by staff and time, to do MED testing.
The Water Withdrawal Footprint of Energy Supply to Cities
Authors: Cohen Elliot , Ramaswami Anu 
Published: January 2014

SummaryWater footprints traditionally estimate water lost as a result of evapotranspiration (or otherwise unavailable for downstream uses) associated with producing a certain good, and the same embodied in trade across regions is used to estimate regional and national water footprints. These footprints, however, do not address risk posed to city energy supplies characterized by insufficient streamflow to support energy production, such as cooling water intake (e.g., withdrawals) at thermoelectric power plants. Water withdrawal intensity factors for producing goods and services are being developed at the national scale, but lack sufficient spatial resolution to address these types of water‐energy challenges facing cities.To address this need, this article presents a water withdrawal footprint for energy supply (WWFES) to cities and places it in the context of other water footprints defined in the literature. Analysis of electricity use versus electricity generation in 43 U.S. cities highlights the need for developing WWFES to estimate risks to transboundary city energy supplies resulting from water constraints. The magnitude of the WWFES is computed for Denver, Colorado, and compared to the city's direct use of water to offer perspective. The baseline WWFES for Denver is found to be 66% as large as all direct water uses in the city combined (mean estimate). Minimum, mean, and maximum estimates are computed to demonstrate sensitivity of the WWFES to selection of water withdrawal intensity factors. Finally, scenario analysis explores the effect of energy technology and energy policy choices in shaping the future water footprint of cities.
Enhancing the Creative Performance of New Product Teams: An Organizational Configurational Approach
Authors: Bissola Rita , Imperatori Barbara , Colonel Renata Trinca 
Published: January 2014

Innovation is crucial to managing ever‐increasing environmental complexity. Creativity is the first stage of the innovation process and is particularly relevant in modern new product development (NPD) projects. In response to a call for further empirical research on collective creative performance combining individual and team levels in a comprehensive framework, this paper offers useful evidence for the design of NPD teams to foster creative performance. The results suggest that different sets of individual traits and collective processes combine and interact, enabling a similar level of creative performance from different configurations of individual and team “ingredients.” There are no consistently good‐quality or poor‐quality NPD teams or processes. However, equifinal configurations—based on team composition, and interpersonal, coordination, control, and diversity management processes—can be effective in producing creative products.Through a large‐scale study of 119 teams of students involved in an NPD activity, this paper contributes by expanding creativity and NPD team design literature, providing the basis for a “first right” approach to real‐world, in‐company research. It first proposes and tests the adoption of the configurational equifinality approach in the NPD team design domain, introducing the concept of complementarities among different types of “team ingredients,” both at the individual and team level. Second, it introduces different multidimensional measures of team creative performance, relevant to generalizing and comparing the research results. Third, it offers several guidelines for designing real‐world NPD teams through the combination of diversity and interpersonal management, as well as coordination and control processes, which have not been studied to any great extent but are at times controversial in creativity literature.
Opening the Black Box of Upper Echelons in China: TMT Attributes and Strategic Flexibility
Authors: Wang Tang , Libaers Dirk , Jiao Hao 
Published: January 2014

Many scholars have suggested that strategic flexibility is a critical firm capability to survive in today's competitive arena. The decision to take strategic actions to make the firm more strategically flexible typically originates in the top management team (TMT). As the principal decision‐making unit of the firm, TMT members' information acquisition and processing capabilities and subsequent interpretation of environmental changes critically influence the decision to make the firm more strategically flexible to achieve a better fit with its market environment.Therefore, in order to understand how firms can adapt to environmental changes, scholars must study the sociopsychological processes of interaction among members of the TMT. This study examines the relationships between TMT's sociopsychological attributes (shared vision, social integration, and political ties) and strategic flexibility, which is decomposed into organizational flexibility and technological flexibility. The study further investigates how the level of competitive intensity can moderate the relationships. All the hypotheses are tested using structural equation models based on the survey data from 227 firms in China.The results show that organizational flexibility mediates the impact of TMT's social integration and political ties on technological flexibility. Surprisingly, a TMT's shared vision for the firm neither impedes nor facilitates the firm's effort in attaining the desired degree of organizational flexibility. However, TMT's shared vision does have a positive and direct impact on technological flexibility. Moreover, intense competition amplifies the positive impact of TMT social integration on the degree of organizational flexibility, but there is no significant moderating effect of competitive intensity on the relationship between a TMT's political ties and organizational flexibility. The results extend previous research by highlighting the importance of TMTs' sociopsychological attributes in driving technological flexibility, through the mediating impact of organizational flexibility.
Diurnal changes in electrocorticogram sleep slow‐wave activity during development in rats
Authors: Olini Nadja , Huber Reto 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAccording to the homeostatic regulation of sleep, sleep pressure accumulates during wakefulness, further increases during sleep deprivation and dissipates during subsequent sleep. Sleep pressure is electrophysiologically reflected by electroencephalogram slow‐wave activity during non‐rapid eye movement sleep, and is thought to be stable across time. During childhood and adolescence the brain undergoes massive reorganization processes. Slow‐wave activity during these developmental periods has been shown in humans to follow an inverted U‐shaped trajectory, which recently was replicated in rats. The goal of this study was to investigate in rats the diurnal changes of slow‐wave activity during the inverted U‐shaped developmental trajectory of slow‐wave activity. To do so, we performed longitudinal electrocorticogram recordings, and compared the level of slow‐wave activity at the beginning with the slow‐wave activity level at the end of 24‐h baselines in two sets of Sprague–Dawley rats. In younger animals (n = 17) we investigated specific postnatal days when overall slow‐wave activity increases (postnatal day 26), peaks (postnatal day 28) and decreases (>postnatal day 28). The same analysis was performed in older animals (postnatal day 48, n = 6). Our results show a gain of slow‐wave activity across 24 h on postnatal day 26, followed by no net changes on postnatal day 28, which was then followed by a loss of slow‐wave activity during subsequent days (>postnatal day 28). Older animals did not show any net changes in slow‐wave activity across 24 h. These results cannot be explained by differences in vigilance states. Thus, slow‐wave activity during this developmental period may not only reflect the trajectory of sleep pressure but may additionally reflect maturational processes.
Pineal gland volume in primary insomnia and healthy controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Bumb Jan M. , Schilling Claudia , Enning Frank , Haddad Leila , Paul Franc , Lederbogen Florian , Deuschle Michael , Schredl Michael , Nolte Ingo 
Published: January 2014

SummaryLittle is known about the relation between pineal volume and insomnia. Melatonin promotes sleep processes and, administered as a drug, it is suitable to improve primary and secondary sleep disorders in humans. Recent magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that human plasma and saliva melatonin levels are partially determined by the pineal gland volume. This study compares the pineal volume in a group of patients with primary insomnia to a group of healthy people without sleep disturbance. Pineal gland volume (PGV) was measured on the basis of high‐resolution 3 Tesla MRI (T1‐magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo) in 23 patients and 27 controls, matched for age, gender and educational status. Volume measurements were performed conventionally by manual delineation of the pineal borders in multi‐planar reconstructed images. Pineal gland volume was significantly smaller (P < 0.001) in patients (48.9 ± 26.6 mm3) than in controls (79 ± 30.2 mm3). In patients PGV correlated negatively with age (r = −0.532; P = 0.026). Adjusting for the effect of age, PGV and rapid eye movement (REM) latency showed a significant positive correlation (rS = 0.711, P < 0.001) in patients. Pineal volume appears to be reduced in patients with primary insomnia compared to healthy controls. Further studies are needed to clarify whether low pineal volume is the basis or the consequence of functional sleep changes to elucidate the molecular pathology for the pineal volume loss in primary insomnia.
A Moorean View of the Value of Lives
Authors: McDaniel Kris 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCan we understand being valuable for in terms of being valuable? Three different kinds of puzzle cases suggest that the answer is negative. In what follows, I articulate a positive answer to this question, carefully present the three puzzle cases, and then explain how a friend of the positive answer can successfully respond to them. This response requires us to distinguish different kinds of value bearers, rather than different kinds of value, and to hold that among the value bearers are totality states of affairs. The final section of the article discusses the possibility of organic unification without organic unities.
A Survey of Epidermolysis Bullosa Care in the United States and Canada
Authors: Ahmad Regina‐Celeste S. , Bruckner Anna L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare, inherited, blistering diseases that typically present in infancy. EB is not curable, and treatment is entirely supportive. There is a paucity of standardized recommendations to guide management. To assess the current state of EB care, an original online survey was conducted targeting attending physicians experienced with the care of EB. Members of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology residing in the United States and Canada served as the source pool. Parameters assessed included clinic visits, availability of subspecialists, and performance of surveillance studies. Fifty‐six completed surveys were analyzed. Most providers saw between 1 and 10 individuals with EB per year in a general dermatology clinic. For each EB type there was considerable variation in the frequency of clinic visits, availability and use of specialists, and use of laboratory and imaging studies. Some agreement was observed in the frequency of follow‐up for infants with more severe EB types, as well as for the components of a history, physical, and routine laboratory studies. These findings describe variations in the current state of EB care that pediatric dermatologists provide. The development and acceptance of evidence‐based guidelines and outcome measures may lead to greater uniformity in EB care.
Seasonal patterns of leaf photosynthetic and secondary xylem vascular traits in current‐year stems of three Sorbus species with contrasting growth habits
Authors: Ďurkovič J. , Čaňová I. , Kardošová M. , Kurjak D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeasonal effects of environmental variables on photosynthetic activity and secondary xylem formation provide data to demonstrate how environmental factors together with leaf ageing during the season control tree growth. In this study, we assessed physiological responses in photosynthetic behaviour to seasonal climate changes, and also identified seasonal differences in vascular traits within differentiating secondary xylem tissue from three diploid species of the taxonomically complex genus Sorbus. From sampling day 150, a clear physiological segregation of S. chamaemespilus from S. torminalis and S. aria was evident. The shrubby species S. chamaemespilus could be distinguished by a higher photosynthetic capacity between days 150 and 206. This was reflected in its associations with net CO2 assimilation rate (PN), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), variable‐to‐initial fluorescence ratio (Fv/F0), potential electron acceptor capacity (‘area’) in multivariate space, and also its associations with log‐transformed vessel area and log‐transformed relative conductivity between days 239 and 268. The maximum segregation and differentiation among the examined Sorbus species was on sampling day 206. The largest differences between S. torminalis and S. aria were found on day 115, when the latter species clearly showed closer associations with high values of vessel density and transpiration (E). Sampling day clusters were arranged along an arch‐like gradient that reflected the positioning of the entire growing season in multivariate space. This arch‐like pattern was most apparent in the case of S. chamaemespilus, but was also observed in S. torminalis and S. aria.
Envisioning the Third Sector's Welfare Role: Critical Discourse Analysis of ‘Post‐Devolution’ Public Policy in the UK 1998–2012
Authors: Chaney Paul , Wincott Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWelfare state theory has struggled to come to terms with the role of the third sector. It has often categorized welfare states in terms of the pattern of interplay between state social policies and the structure of the labour market. Moreover, it has frequently offered an exclusive focus on state policy – thereby failing to substantially recognize the role of the formally organized third sector. This study offers a corrective view. Against the backdrop of the international shift to multi‐level governance, it analyses the policy discourse of third sector involvement in welfare governance following devolution in the UK. It reveals the changing and contrasting ways in which post‐devolution territorial politics envisions the sector's role as a welfare provider. The mixed methods analysis compares policy framing and the structural narratives associated with the development of the third sector across the four constituent polities of the UK since 1998. The findings reveal how devolution has introduced a new spatial policy dynamic. Whilst there are elements of continuity between polities – such as the increasing salience of the third sector in welfare provision – policy narratives also provide evidence of the territorialization of third sector policy. From a methodological standpoint, this underlines the distinctive and complementary role discourse‐based analysis can play in understanding contemporary patterns and processes shaping welfare governance.