bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent infiltrative lipoma of the thoracic and abdominal wall in a young dog
Authors: Vega‐Sillero Manuel , Henderson Elisabeth R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 1‐year and 8‐month‐old neutered male English Cocker Spaniel was presented with a large subcutaneous mass in the right ventrocaudal thoracic region, which was firmly adhered to the deeper tissues. An adipose tissue mass had been excised from the same region 12 months previously. Investigation included a computed tomography scan of the thorax and abdomen, which revealed a fat‐attenuating mass. The mass was both extra and intrathoracic and encompassed the ventrocaudal thoracic wall and infiltrated surrounding musculature. Marginal en bloc resection was performed. A right intercostal thoracotomy allowed resection of the intercostal component. Postoperative radiation therapy was recommended; however, it was declined by the owners. Nine months after surgery, recurrence of the mass was identified; however, the mass was small (2 cm diameter) and present within the extrathoracic subcutaneous region. The dog was reported to be clinically well with no associated clinical signs. Further treatment inclusive of revision surgery and postoperative radiation was declined.
Clinical and imaging features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventriculitis with suspected obstructive hydrocephalus in a German Shepherd dog
Authors: Goody Nicholas , Schwarz Tobias , Alcott Cody , Ko Rainier , Eichelberger Bunita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 5‐year‐old male neutered German Shepherd dog was evaluated following a seizure for acute and rapidly progressive obtundation, vertical nystagmus and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging exhibited marked hydrocephalus in the lateral ventricles with cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum. In the periventricular tissues, T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity was present, representing periventricular oedema. The ventricular walls were multifocally thickened and contrast enhancing, indicating ventriculitis. There was mild multifocal asymmetric enhancement of the meninges of the left rostroventral calvarial margin and cervical spinal cord, with cervical syringomyelia. The patient was not able to self‐ventilate and was euthanased within 24 hours of starting supportive treatment. Necropsy findings were consistent with ventriculitis, meningitis, hydrocephalus and cerebellar herniation. A moderate yield of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected on cerebrospinal fluid culture and postmortem brain tissue culture.
From predicting to decision making: Reinforcement learning in biomedicine
Authors: Liu Xuhan , Zhang Jun , Hou Zhonghuai , Yang Yi Isaac , Gao Yi Qin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) is one important branch of artificial intelligence (AI), which intuitively imitates the learning style of human beings. It is commonly derived from solving game playing problems and is extensively used for decision‐making, control and optimization problems. It has been extensively applied for solving complicated problems with the property of Markov decision‐making processes. With data accumulation and comprehensive analysis, researchers are not only satisfied with predicting the results for experimental systems but also hope to design or control them for the sake of obtaining the desired properties or functions. RL is potentially facilitated to solve a large number of complicated biological and chemical problems, because they could be decomposed into multi‐step decision‐making process. In practice, substantial progress has been made in the application of RL to the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we will first give a brief description about RL, including its definition, basic theory and different type of methods. Then we will review some detailed applications in various domains, for example, molecular design, reaction planning, molecular simulation and etc. In the end, we will summarize the essentialities of RL approaches to solve more diverse problems compared with other machine learning methods and also outlook the possible trends to overcome their limitations in the future.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Life cycle assessment for the land application of food processing wash‐water and solid residuals
Authors: Dunlop Connor , Abbassi Bassim , Zytner Richard G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA life cycle assessment (LCA) study was completed to understand the environmental impacts associated with the land application of wastes produced from rural food‐processing operations for final disposal. The system boundaries for the two comprised scenarios included the storage of the produced non‐agriculture source material (NASM), transportation to an applicable location, land application of the NASM, and the impacts of the final emissions to the soil and groundwater for a full year. The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemicals and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) v2.1 was selected as the impact assessment method. Furthermore, SimaPro 8.0.4.26 was the LCA model version that was used with all the databases included. Overall, the LCA study showed that the most significant environmental impacts associated with the disposal process resulted from carcinogenic and eutrophication emissions. The component that contributed the most to carcinogenic impacts was found to be from the material required to create the concrete storage tank. Additionally, eutrophication was identified to be a potential significant impact, if proper setback requirements are not followed for the NASM material. Results of the study look to inform stakeholders about the benefits and risks encountered from NASM disposal.Practitioner Points
Life cycle assessment was completed on a representative NASM disposal system using land application.
Concrete tank used for storage of NASM had the most significant impact in carcinogenic emissions.
Eutrophication impacts were the second most significant impact behind carcinogenic emissions.
Natural background levels and driving factors of aluminum in shallow groundwater of an urbanized delta: Insight from eliminating anthropogenic‐impacted groundwaters
Authors: Yan Gangli , Yang Liguo , Hou Qinxuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKnowledge on natural background levels (NBLs) of aluminum (Al) in groundwater can accurately assess groundwater Al contamination at a regional scale. However, it has received little attention. This study used a combination of preselection and statistic methods consisting of the oxidation capacity and the boxplot iteration methods to evaluate the NBL of shallow groundwater Al in four groundwater units of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) via eliminating anthropogenic‐impacted groundwaters and to discuss driving factors controlling high NBLs of Al in groundwater in this area. A total of 280 water samples were collected, and 18 physico‐chemical parameters including Redox potential, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, HCO3−, NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NO2−, F−, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Mn, and Al were analyzed. Results showed that groundwater Al NBLs in groundwater units A‐D were 0.11, 0.16, 0.15, and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. The used method in this study is acceptable for the assessment of groundwater Al NBLs in the PRD, because groundwater Al concentrations in various groundwater units in residual datasets were independent of land‐use types, but they were opposite in the original datasets. The dissolution of Al‐rich minerals in sediments/rocks was the major source for groundwater Al NBLs in the PRD, and the interaction with Al‐rich river water was secondary one. The high groundwater Al NBL in groundwater unit B was mainly attributed to the acid precipitation and the organic matter mineralization inducing the release of Al in Quaternary sediments. By contrast, the high groundwater Al NBL in groundwater unit C mainly was ascribed to the release of Al complexes such as fluoroaluminate from rocks/soils into groundwater induced by acid precipitation, but it was limited by the dissolution of Mg minerals (e.g., dolomite) in aquifers. This study provides not only useful groundwater Al NBLs for the evaluation of groundwater Al contamination but also a reference for understanding the natural geochemical factors controlling groundwater Al in urbanized deltas such as the PRD.Practitioner Points
The natural background level (NBL) of groundwater aluminum in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) was evaluated.
The dissolution of aluminum‐rich minerals in sediments/rocks was the major source for groundwater aluminum NBLs in the PRD.
The acid precipitation and organic matter mineralization contribute to high groundwater Al NBL in the groundwater unit B.
The acid precipitation contributes to high groundwater Al NBL in the groundwater unit C, while dissolution of magnesium minerals limits it.
Associations between hollow viscus injury and acute kidney injury in blunt abdominal trauma: A national trauma data bank analysis
Authors: Li Pei‐Hua , Fu Chih‐Yuan , Bokhari Faran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeIt is well established that hollow viscus perforation leads to sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) in non‐trauma patients. However, the relationship between traumatic hollow viscus injury (HVI) and AKI is not well understood. Utilizing data from the National Trauma Data Bank, we investigated whether HVI serves as a risk factor for AKI. Additionally, we examined the characteristics of AKI in stable patients who underwent conservative treatment.MethodsWe reviewed blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) cases from 2012 to 2015, comparing patients with and without AKI. Significant factors from univariate analysis were tested in a multivariate logistic regression (MLR) to identify independent AKI determinants. We also analyzed subsets: patients without HVI and stable patients given conservative management.ResultsOut of the 563,040 BAT patients analyzed, 9073 (1.6%) developed AKI. While a greater proportion of AKI patients had HVI than those without AKI (13.3% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001), this difference wasn't statistically significant in the MLR (p = 0.125). Notably, the need for laparotomy (odds = 3.108, p < 0.001) and sepsis (odds = 13.220, p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for AKI. For BAT patients managed conservatively (systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, without HVI or laparotomy; N = 497,066), the presence of sepsis was a significant predictor for the development of AKI (odds = 16.914, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWhile HVI wasn't a significant risk factor for AKI in BAT patients, the need for laparotomy was. Stable BAT patients managed conservatively are still at risk for AKI due to non‐peritonitis related sepsis.
Ensuring sustainable water security through sustainable land management: Research evidences for policy
Authors: Dagnachew Melku , Gebrehiwot Solomon Gebreyohanis , Bewket Woldeamlak , Alamirew Tena , Charles Katrina , Zeleke Gete 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSustainable land management (SLM) practices is a key to reducing rates of land degradation and has proven to ensure water security by increasing soil moisture availability, decreasing surface runoff, decreasing soil erosion, increasing infiltration, and decreasing flood discharge. Land degradation is adversely affecting over 75% of the Earth's land surface and could exceed 90% by 2050. The rate of soil erosion will increase by 66% during the period 2015–2070. Over 85% of the land in Ethiopia is moderately to very severely degraded at an estimated cost of $4.6 billion annually. So far, only 18% of Ethiopia's cropland area is covered by SLM practices for the last 40 years of intensive interventions. Water security, in turn, is a powerful and multidimensional option that includes water availability, accessibility, use, and stability across time. In Ethiopia, though, the interconnections between SLM and water security are intimate and numerous, their linkage is very loose and yet to be understood. Ethiopia is among the 16 LDCs and is critically water‐insecure, implying that abundant natural water availability does not necessarily ensure water security as it might be poor water quality, inaccessible, and unsafe. Hence, national and local level of SLM and water security linkages, impacts, and policy implications must come on board in the least developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, SLM‐water security policy is crucial in successful SLM because governments/higher officials are capable of promoting well‐informed water security decisions.
Initial needle tracking with the first standalone combined infrared camera – CT system for brachytherapy—analysis of tracking accuracy and uncertainties
Authors: Karius Andre , Leifeld Lisa Marie , Strnad Vratislav , Schweizer Claudia , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A prototype infrared camera – cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system for tracking in brachytherapy has recently been developed. We evaluated for the first time the corresponding tracking accuracy and uncertainties, and implemented a tracking-based prediction of needles on CBCT scans.

Methods
A marker tool rigidly attached to needles was 3D printed. The precision and accuracy of tool tracking was then evaluated for both static and dynamic scenarios. Euclidean distances between the tracked and CBCT-derived markers were assessed as well. To implement needle tracking, ground truth models of the tool attached to 200 mm and 160 mm needles were matched to the tracked positions in order to project the needles into CBCT scans. Deviations between projected and actual needle tips were measured. Finally, we put our results into perspective with simulations of the system’s tracking uncertainties.

Results
For the stationary scenario and dynamic movements, we achieved tool-tracking precision and accuracy of 0.04 ± 0.06 mm and 0.16 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. The tracked marker positions differed by 0.52 ± 0.18 mm from the positions determined via CBCT. In addition, the predicted needle tips in air deviated from the actual tip positions by only 1.62 ± 0.68 mm (200 mm needle) and 1.49 ± 0.62 mm (160 mm needle). The simulated tracking uncertainties resulted in tip variations of 1.58 ± 0.91 mm and 1.31 ± 0.69 mm for the 200 mm and 160 mm needles, respectively.

Conclusion
With the innovative system it was possible to achieve a high tracking and prediction accuracy of marker tool and needles. The system shows high potential for applicator tracking in brachytherapy.
The wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique in thumb injuries: a systematic review
Authors: do Rosario Saraiva Maria , Vázquez Olalla Saiz , Ortiz-Huerta Juan Hilario , Santamaría-Vázquez Montserrat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman hands have a complex anatomical structure. The thumb, being an integral part of the hand, has an essential function in gripping. In this sense, thumb fractures account for 4% of all hand fractures (it may occur in association with fractures of the trapezium). The majority of hand fractures should be treated non-surgically and surgeons must avoid unnecessary surgery. Historically, hand surgery has used a combination of local/regional/general anaesthesia and a tourniquet. This study aims to carry out a systematic review to determine whether the WALANT technique is an advantageous alternative to conventional anaesthesia for surgical procedures on thumb injuries, in terms of patient function and pain. Method: We conducted a search in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, using the equation "WALANT" OR "Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet" AND "thumb pathology". Results: In five of the 584 articles included, two studied trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, one De Quervain's disease and the remaining two flexor injuries. WALANT showed good results in active movements, but with similar levels of pain between anaesthetics. Patients were more anxious during general anaesthesia, plus the fact that they were fasting and suspending medication. Conclusion: WALANT is a convenient and favourable option in several studies. It has been demonstrated the benefits in terms of return to function and pain.
Trajectories of BMI before and after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in a real-world population
Authors: Donnelly Louise A. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Pearson Ewan R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics associated with changes in weight before and after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Using a large real-world cohort, we derived trajectories of BMI before and after diabetes diagnosis, and examined the clinical characteristics associated with these trajectories, including assessing the impact of pre-diagnosis weight change on post-diagnosis weight change.

Methods
We performed an observational cohort study using electronic medical records from individuals in the Scottish Care Information Diabetes Collaboration database. Two trajectories were calculated, based on observed BMI measurements between 3 years and 6 months before diagnosis and between 1 and 5 years after diagnosis. In the post-diagnosis trajectory, each BMI measurement was time-dependently adjusted for the effects of diabetes medications and HbA1c change.

Results
A total of 2736 individuals were included in the study. There was a pattern of pre-diagnosis weight gain, with 1944 individuals (71%) gaining weight overall, and 875 (32%) gaining more than 0.5 kg/m2 per year. This was followed by a pattern of weight loss after diagnosis, with 1722 individuals (63%) losing weight. Younger age and greater social deprivation were associated with increased weight gain before diagnosis. Pre-diagnosis weight change was unrelated to post-diagnosis weight change, but post-diagnosis weight loss was associated with older age, female sex, higher BMI, higher HbA1c and weight gain during the peri-diagnosis period. When considering the peri-diagnostic period (defined as from 6 months before to 12 months after diagnosis), we identified 986 (36%) individuals who had a high HbA1c at diagnosis but who lost weight rapidly and were most aggressively treated at 1 year; this subgroup had the best glycaemic control at 5 years.

Conclusions/interpretation
Average weight increases before diagnosis and decreases after diagnosis; however, there were significant differences across the population in terms of weight changes. Younger individuals gained weight pre-diagnosis, but, in older individuals, type 2 diabetes is less associated with weight gain, consistent with other drivers for diabetes aetiology in older adults. We have identified a substantial group of individuals who have a rapid deterioration in glycaemic control, together with weight loss, around the time of diagnosis, and who subsequently stabilise, suggesting that a high HbA1c at diagnosis is not inevitably associated with a poor outcome and may be driven by reversible glucose toxicity.

Graphical Abstract
Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets
Authors: Maitland Alexander D. , McGriff Shelby A. , Glatfelter Grant C. , Schindler Charles W. , Baumann Michael H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rationale
The potent synthetic opioid fentanyl, and its analogs, continue to drive opioid-related overdoses. Although the pharmacology of fentanyl is well characterized, there is little information about the reinforcing effects of clandestine fentanyl analogs (FAs).

Objectives
Here, we compared the effects of fentanyl and the FAs acetylfentanyl, butyrylfentanyl, and cyclopropylfentanyl on drug self-administration in male and female rats. These FAs feature chemical modifications at the carbonyl moiety of the fentanyl scaffold.

Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with intravenous jugular catheters were placed in chambers containing two nose poke holes. Active nose poke responses resulted in drug delivery (0.2 mL) over 2 s on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule, followed by a 20 s timeout. Acquisition doses were 0.01 mg/kg/inj for fentanyl and cyclopropylfentanyl, and 0.03 mg/kg/inj for acetylfentanyl and butyrylfentanyl. After 10 days of acquisition, dose-effect testing was carried out, followed by 10 days of saline extinction.

Results
Self-administration of fentanyl and FAs was acquired by both male and female rats, with no sex differences in acquisition rate. Fentanyl and FAs showed partial inverted-U dose-effect functions; cyclopropylfentanyl and fentanyl had similar potency, while acetylfentanyl and butyrylfentanyl were less potent. Maximal response rates were similar across drugs, with fentanyl and cyclopropylfentanyl showing maximum responding at 0.001 mg/kg/inj, acetylfentanyl at 0.01 mg/kg/inj, and butyrylfentanyl at 0.003 mg/kg/inj. No sex differences were detected for drug potency, efficacy, or rates of extinction.

Conclusions
Our work provides new evidence that FAs display significant abuse liability in male and female rats, which suggests the potential for compulsive use in humans.
Comparison between admissible and de Jong coverings in mixed characteristic
Authors: Gaulhiac Sylvain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet X be an adic space locally of finite type over a complete non-archimedean field k, and denote $${\textbf {Cov}}_{X}^{\textrm{oc}}$$

Cov

X

oc

(resp. $${\textbf {Cov}}_{X}^{\textrm{adm}}$$

Cov

X

adm

) the category of étale coverings of X that are locally for the Berkovich overconvergent topology (resp. for the admissible topology) disjoint union of finite étale coverings. There is a natural inclusion $${\textbf {Cov}}_{X}^{\textrm{oc}}\subseteq {\textbf {Cov}}_{X}^{\textrm{adm}}$$

Cov

X

oc

⊆

Cov

X

adm

. Whether or not this inclusion is strict is a question initially asked by de Jong. Some partial answers have been given in the recents works of Achinger, Lara and Youcis in the finite or equal characteristic 0 cases. The present note shows that this inclusion can be strict when k is of mixed characteristic (0, p) and p-closed. As a consequence, the natural morphism of Noohi groups $$\pi _1^{\mathrm {dJ, \, adm}}(\mathcal {C}, \overline{x})\rightarrow \pi _1^{\mathrm {dJ, \,oc}}(\mathcal {C},\overline{x}) $$

π
1

dJ
,

adm

(
C
,

x
¯

)

→

π
1

dJ
,

oc

(
C
,

x
¯

)

is not an isomorphism in general.
Evaluation of 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo MR image quality using artificial intelligence image reconstruction techniques in the pediatric brain
Authors: Nagaraj Usha D. , Dillman Jonathan R. , Tkach Jean A. , Greer Joshua S. , Leach James L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess image quality and diagnostic confidence of 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) MRI using artificial intelligence (AI) reconstruction.

Materials and methods
This prospective, IRB-approved study enrolled 50 pediatric patients (mean age = 11.8 ± 3.1 years) undergoing clinical brain MRI. In addition to standard of care (SOC) compressed SENSE (CS = 2.5), 3D T1-weighted SPGR images were obtained with higher CS acceleration factors (5 and 8) to evaluate the ability of AI reconstruction to improve image quality and reduce scan time. Images were reviewed independently on dedicated research PACS workstations by two neuroradiologists. Quantitative analysis of signal intensities to calculate apparent grey and white matter signal to noise (aSNR) and grey-white matter apparent contrast to noise ratios (aCNR) was performed.

Results
AI improved overall image quality compared to standard CS reconstruction in 35% (35/100) of evaluations in CS = 2.5 (average scan time = 221 ± 6.9 s), 100% (46/46) of CS = 5 (average scan time = 113.3 ± 4.6 s) and 94% (47/50) of CS = 8 (average scan time = 74.1 ± 0.01 s). Quantitative analysis revealed significantly higher grey matter aSNR, white matter aSNR and grey-white matter aCNR with AI reconstruction compared to standard reconstruction for CS 5 and 8 (all p-values < 0.001), however not for CS 2.5.

Conclusions
AI reconstruction improved overall image quality and gray-white matter qualitative and quantitative aSNR and aCNR in highly accelerated (CS = 5 and 8) 3D T1W SPGR images in the majority of pediatric patients.