bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Opinions of Adolescents With Different Orthodontic Treatment Needs
Authors: Krekmanova Larisa , Shakrchi Shams , Gicic Amina , Naoumova Julia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents granted (G) versus not granted (NG) publicly funded orthodontic treatment.Materials and MethodsAdolescents aged 15–20 years who were granted versus not granted publicly funded orthodontic treatment responded to a web‐based survey, assessing OHRQoL in relation to functional impact, psychological impact, and motivators for orthodontic treatment. Before the survey, pretesting of the questionnaire was conducted to ensure its reliability. Differences between the groups were tested using the chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Reliability was assessed using Cohen's κ and Pearson's correlation coefficient during the pretest phase.ResultsOne hundred and forty patients, equally distributed between a G and an NG group, responded to the survey. Gender, age, and demographic distribution were comparable in both groups. All respondents expressed a high subjective treatment need and similar answers regarding functional aspects. Orthodontic treatment motivators (G: 86.2% and NG: 94.7%, p = 0.443) were primarily related to improved self‐esteem, overall well‐being, facial appearance, and being able to laugh without embarrassment. The NG group expressed a more negative OHRQoL impact due to the appearance of their teeth compared with the G group (p < 0.001) and a negative impact caused by the position of their teeth (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOrthodontic treatment need indices should aim to reinforce subjective measures as adolescents express similar motivators for orthodontic treatment, regardless of the clinician's objectively based decision about treatment need.
Biobased Self‐Healing Thin Film Coatings Based on Poly (Itaconic Acid Esters)
Authors: Fischer von Mollard S. Charlotte , Fesser Patrick , Klein Michael , Köhler Martin , Schreiber Martin , Kamphuis Frank , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPaper used for packaging applications is often coated with thin polymer coatings to improve the properties, like printability and barrier properties, respectively. Today, these coatings are still often based on petroleum‐based polymers. In this study, the fabrication of biobased thin film coatings is described. Poly(itaconic acid ester)s, which are prepared by emulsion polymerization, are used as water‐based coatings for paper. The thermal properties of the polymers are tuned by the side chain of the monomers (diethyl itaconate vs. dibutyl itaconate). Different formulations based on the polymer emulsion and additives, like rheology modifiers, are prepared and their film formation is studied. The usage of a rheology modifier results in excellent film formation. These polymer coatings feature an additional function ‐ they are capable of self‐healing. The healing ability is studied in scratch healing tests, in which almost complete recovery can be observed after healing at 100 °C. Moreover, the restoration of optical properties/aesthetics is studied. In gloss measurements before and after damage as well as after a healing time the complete recovery of the gloss can be observed. Furthermore, the barrier properties against fat are studied.
Starch‐based “smart” nanomicelles: Potential delivery systems for doxorubicin
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVesicular nanosystems are a cornerstone to the contemporary drug delivery paradigm owing to their ability to encapsulate a variety of drug molecules, which improves the overall pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the cargo drug. These systems have proven potential in the delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic “Doxorubicin” (DOX), which faces frequent challenge relating to its nonspecific interactions, dose‐limiting toxicity (myelosuppression being the most common manifestation), and short half‐life (distribution half‐life of 5 min, terminal half‐life of 20–48 h), which limit its overall clinical effectiveness. “Smart” nanomicelles with stimuli‐responsive linkages take advantage of tumor microenvironment for deploying the cargo drug at the target site, which prevents nonspecific distribution and, hence, low toxicity. Similarly, those with stealth properties evade protein response, which triggers the immunogenic response. The nanomicelles co‐loaded with magnetic nanoparticles provide additional utility such as contrast enhancement agents in theranostics. Overall, the starch‐based nanomicelles prove to be an excellent delivery system for overcoming the limitations associated with the conventional DOX delivery regime.
Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection for small gastric neoplastic lesions: A pilot study
Authors: Hashimoto Kosei , Ino Yuji , Ishii Hiroaki , Shinozaki Satoshi , Miura Yoshimasa , Despott Edward J. , Yano Tomonori , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGastric endoscopic mucosal resection is challenging due to the slippery mucosa, abundant blood vessels, and the presence of mucus. We developed gel immersion endoscopy to secure the visual field, even in a blood‐filled gastrointestinal lumen in 2016. Clear gel with appropriate viscosity, instead of water, can prevent rapid mixture with blood and facilitate identification of the culprit vessel. We further optimized the gel for endoscopic treatment, and the resultant product, Viscoclear (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory) was first released in Japan in 2020. The viscosity of this gel has been optimized to maximize endoscopic visibility without compromising the ease of its irrigation. The aim of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection for small‐sized early gastric neoplasms. Seven lesions in seven patients were treated by gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection. The size of all lesions was under 10 mm. The median procedure time was 4.5 min. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in four of seven lesions immediately after snare resection and was easily controlled by endoscopic hemostatic forceps during the gel immersion endoscopy. The R0 resection rate was 100%. In conclusion, gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection may be a straightforward, rapid, and safe technique for resecting superficial gastric neoplasms <10 mm in diameter.
Traceability of cowpea origin from southern China using stable isotopes and multi‐elements
Authors: Nie Jing , Rogers Karyne M. , Deng Xunfei , Li Chunlin , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Xiangyun , Huan Zhibo , Mei Hanyi , Wadood Syed Abdul , Shao Shengzhi , Zhang Yongzhi , Wang Mingyue , Yuan Yuwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVerification of cowpea geographical origin has become more critical in recent times to guarantee food safety and enhance government management of potentially hazardous pesticide farming practices. Cowpea samples harvested in five major southern provinces in China were characterized by stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) and elemental contents (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Mo, C, N) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A combined isotope and elemental approach reflected regional elemental differences from China's eastern seaboard that are uptaken by cowpea from the environment. Results showed that many of the isotope and elemental variables differed significantly among production regions, with Cu, Zn, δ18O, P, K, δ13C, Mo, Ca, and Mg identified as the most important classification variables of projection (VIP > 1). Stable isotopes and elemental contents were representative of regional and local climate, soil geology, and fertilization practices, respectively. The cowpea elemental contents analyzed in this study were all within the expected guideline range for Asian vegetables and posed no health concerns to consumers. Two regional models and one local model based on supervised pattern recognition method of Partial Least Squares‐Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) were developed, and the overall discrimination accuracies ranged from 78.0% to 99.2%. These chemometric models provide a useful method to verify Chinese cowpea origins and improve food safety controls for consumers.
Postbiotics: Enhancing human health with a novel concept
Authors: Da Mingzhi , Sun Jun , Ma Chen , Li Daotong , Dong Li , Wang Li‐Shu , Chen Fang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPostbiotics is a novel category of biotics that encompasses dead cells, metabolites, and derivatives from gut microbiota. These substances can exhibit their effects without containing cells, such as in cell‐free supernatants and spent media. Examples of widely studied postbiotics include short‐chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, cell wall fragments, and bacterial lysates. Evidence suggests that postbiotics have numerous benefits for human health, including antiaging, and anti‐inflammatory properties, and participation in immune and lipid metabolism regulation. Specifically, postbiotics can improve intestinal health by strengthening the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, and promoting antibacterial activity. These findings may pave the way for the development of postbiotic functional foods in the future. This review provides an overview of the components, health effects, and industrial applications of postbiotics, aiming to consolidate existing research conclusions and serve as a reference for future studies.
Dopamine‐modified Highly Dispersed ZIF‐8 to Promote CO2 Absorption
Authors: Jiang Donglin , Zhou Yuchen , Du Mengfan , Chen Zezhi , Gong Huijuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCO2 capture technology has been widely used to reduce CO2 emissions, resulting in a variety of capture methods and materials. Among them, the more widely used is the chemical absorption method. However, the chemical absorption method has problems such as high energy consumption and slow absorption rate. In order to solve the above problems, we prepared an effective catalyst to improve the CO2 absorption rate. ZIF‐8 and hydrophilic ZIF‐8‐DA were prepared by in situ synthesis under ambient conditions. The catalytic effect of the hydration reaction of ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐8‐DA was tested using CO2 absorption regeneration experiments under aqueous and alkaline conditions, respectively. The results showed that the synthesized catalysts could significantly enhance the CO2 absorption in water and alkaline solution. The addition of 0.1 wt % of ZIF‐8 in alkaline solution increased the average CO2 absorption by 1.80–15.84 %, respectively, while the addition of 0.1 wt % of ZIF‐8‐DA increased the CO2 absorption by 7.01–25.36 %. In addition, both catalysts had excellent reusability and maintained high performance even after five absorption and regeneration cycles. Polymer dispersibility index (PDI) results showed that ZIF‐8‐DA dispersed more uniformly in aqueous solution.
High‐Throughput Experimentation (HTE) Applied to the Synthesis of API Impurities: A Case Study in Oxidative Decarboxylation of Aryl Acetic Acids
Authors: Paolo Luciano , Martínez Fornaso Patricio , Elhalem Eleonora , Julieta Comin María , Gandolfi Donadío Lucía , Bellomo Ana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐throughput experimentation (HTE) has dramatically impacted experimental reaction development by enabling the rapid exploration of a diverse set of reaction conditions. During the past few decades, HTE has evolved as a tool to expedite reaction discovery and optimization. This work details the application of HTE to synthesize impurities of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with ketone/aldehyde functionality, specially focusing on ibuprofen impurity E. Initial experiments using K2S2O8 as oxidant yielded moderate results. Subsequent HTE screens identified cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and RuCl3‐NaIO4 as new effective decarboxylative oxidants, with RuCl3‐NaIO4 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) achieving the highest yield of 65 %. This optimized method was successfully applied to synthesize ibuprofen impurity E on a gram scale. Additionally, the applicability of these methods to obtain other API related substances, such as naproxen impurity L and ketoprofen impurity A, was demonstrated. This research highlights the potential of HTE to streamline the synthesis of API impurities, making them widely accessible for pharmaceutical development purposes.
A study on the effect of print parameters on the internal structural quality of 316 L samples printed via laser powder bed fusion: Experimental and algorithmic approach
Authors: Alaparthi Suresh , Subadra Sharath P. , Skaria Roy , Mayer Eduard , Sheikhi Shahram 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work aims to establish a quality assurance methodology for additively manufactured (AM) samples, produced from laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method. The method incorporates resonance frequency method (RFM), where reference samples from wrought 316 L will be used to establish a data‐base with a set of reference frequencies. The data‐base is enhanced further with simulated frequencies, via FEM method, which was carried out on samples with the same dimensions and material properties as those of the reference. The quality of LPBF samples were benchmarked against this database. Four sets of LPBF samples (termed as A, B, C, and D) were printed with different parameters, and their densities were measured to understand deviations from the reference database. It was observed that Set‐C had the least drop in density of approx. 0.65% when compared to the wrought samples. Microscopic analysis revealed that the melt pools were clearly visible in all the samples, with no significant effect from different print parameters. Subsequently RFM was performed on all the sets and clear shifts in frequencies observed. Set‐C had the least deviation when compared to the reference (averaged at 200 Hz), whereas it was 250, 300, and 400 Hz for Set‐D, Set‐A and Set‐B respectively. There are several reasons for the frequency shift, the presence of porosity being one of them. Set‐B had the highest concentration of porosity in the ‐YZ plane. An algorithm was developed to sort the samples based on the frequency shifts seen from those of the samples from wrought 316 L. The sorting methodology was based on the shift frequencies, and the farther the sift is from the wrought the worst it get in terms of quality. The algorithm, which is programmed based on this methodology, was tested on a new set of LPBF samples and its effectiveness validated.
Hedgerows enhance the size selectivity of eroded sediment from sloping farmland under simulated rainfall experiment
Authors: Xiao Hai , Guo Junkui , Xia Zhenyao , Guo Ping , Gao Feng , Xiang Rui , Liu Deyu , Ding Yu , Wang Di , Zhang Lun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe particle size distribution (PSD) of eroded sediment can effectively reflect changes in erosion processes. Hedgerows provide significant soil and water conservation benefits and influence erosion processes. However, the impact of hedgerows on the PSD of eroded sediment remains unclear. Therefore, three slope conditions (control check, CK; only hedgerow root, R; and whole hedgerow, P) involving the configuration of two slope gradients (15 and 25°) were established, and simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm/h). The PSD, sediment sorting process, and sediment particle agglomeration degree under the different slope conditions were compared to evaluate the influence of hedgerows on the size selectivity of eroded sediment during water erosion. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of hedgerows on the sorting process and sediment particle agglomeration degree were revealed via correlation analysis and partial least squares path modelling (PLS–PM). Compared with those under CK slope conditions, the average clay, fine silt, and coarse silt contents under R slope conditions decreased by 1.37%, 0.06%, and 1.71%, respectively, whereas the sand content increased by 0.46%. Under P slope conditions, the average clay, fine silt, and coarse silt contents increased by 32.61%, 38.71%, and 36.14%, respectively, whereas the average sand content decreased by 47.30%. Under CK slope conditions, sediment sorting occurred primarily during the early stages of rainfall. R slope conditions caused an increase in the duration of early‐stage sediment sorting but caused a reduction in the degree of sorting, whereas P slope conditions exhibited interceptive sorting of sand throughout the rainfall event. Under R slope conditions, more aggregates were dispersed into individual particles due to raindrop impact, whereas under P slope conditions, more fine particles aggregated initially, but loose aggregates were dispersed into individual particles during the later rainfall stages. The enrichment rates of fine silt and coarse silt were positively correlated with slope conditions, whereas they were negatively correlated with the enrichment rate of sand. However, there was no significant relationship between the slope conditions and the aggregation rates of particles of various sizes. PLS–PM indicated that hedgerows directly and indirectly affect sorting processes and sediment particle agglomeration degree by regulating runoff and sediment erosion, and the direct effects exceed the indirect effects. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the influential mechanisms of hedgerows on controlling soil erosion.
Time cells in the retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Subramanian Dev Laxman , Smith David M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a key component of the brain's memory systems, with anatomical connections to the hippocampus, anterior thalamus, and entorhinal cortex. This circuit has been implicated in episodic memory and many of these structures have been shown to encode temporal information, which is critical for episodic memory. For example, hippocampal time cells reliably fire during specific segments of time during a delay period. Although RSC lesions are known to disrupt temporal memory, time cells have not been observed there. In this study, we reanalyzed archival RSC neuronal firing data during the intertrial delay period from two previous experiments involving different behavioral tasks, a blocked alternation task and a cued T‐maze task. For the blocked alternation task, rats were required to approach the east or west arm of a plus maze for reward during different blocks of trials. Because the reward locations were not cued, the rat had to remember the goal location for each trial. In the cued T‐maze task, the reward location was explicitly cued with a light and the rats simply had to approach the light for reward, so there was no requirement to hold a memory during the intertrial delay. Time cells were prevalent in the blocked alternation task, and most time cells clearly differentiated the east and west trials. We also found that RSC neurons could exhibit off‐response time fields, periods of reliably inhibited firing. Time cells were also observed in the cued T‐maze, but they were less prevalent and they did not differentiate left and right trials as well as in the blocked alternation task, suggesting that RSC time cells are sensitive to the memory demands of the task. These results suggest that temporal coding is a prominent feature of RSC firing patterns, consistent with an RSC role in episodic memory.
Exploration of barriers and enablers to diabetes care for Aboriginal people on rural Ngarrindjeri Country
Authors: Omodei‐James Shanti , Wilson Annabelle , Kropinyeri Renee , Cameron Darryl , Wingard Sharon , Kerrigan Caitlin , Scriven Talia , Wilson Stacy , Mendham Amy E. , Spaeth Brooke , Stranks Stephen , Kaambwa Billingsley , Ullah Shahid , Worley Paul , Ryder Courtney 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIssues AddressedAddressing the disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes prevalence in Aboriginal communities is critical. Current literature on diabetes care for Aboriginal people is primarily focused on remote demographics and overwhelmingly dominated by Western biomedical models and deficit paradigms. This qualitative research project adopted a strengths‐based approach to explore the barriers and enablers to diabetes care for Aboriginal people on Ngarrindjeri Country in rural South Australia.MethodsKnowledge Interface methodology guided the research as Aboriginal and Western research methods were drawn upon. Data collection occurred using three yarning sessions held on Ngarrindjeri Country. Yarns were transcribed and deidentified before a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted, guided by Dadirri and a constructivist approach to grounded theory.ResultsA total of 15 participants attended the yarns. Major barriers identified by participants were underscored by the ongoing impacts of colonisation. This was combated by a current of survival as participants identified enablers to diabetes care, namely a history of healthy community, working at the knowledge interface, motivators for action, and an abundance of community skills and leadership.ConclusionsDespite the raft of barriers detailed by participants throughout the diabetes care journey, Aboriginal people on Ngarrindjeri Country were found to be uniquely positioned to address diabetes prevalence and management.So What?Health promotion efforts with Aboriginal people on Ngarrindjeri Country must acknowledge the sustained impacts of colonisation, while building on the abundance of community enablers, skills and strengths. Opportunities present to do so by adopting holistic, community‐led initiatives that shift away from the dominant biomedical approach to diabetes care.
Together we win! Narratives of couples pursuing a healthy diet and physical activity: A qualitative study
Authors: Nizamani Sundus , Agarwal Catherine R. Knight , Somerset Shawn , McFarlane R. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for non‐communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The risk of MetS can be transmitted via epigenetic processes from both the mother and the father. Therefore, it is essential that both members of a couple are targeted in pre‐conception nutrition and physical activity‐based lifestyle programs. However, lifestyle interventions targeting both members of a couple are scarce in the literature. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of a couples‐based lifestyle intervention.MethodsNulliparous couples who had an interest in having children in the future were recruited to the study and each member interviewed separately to gain insight into to gain insight into designing future couples‐based lifestyle interventions. Interviews were conducted between June and October 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) was applied to conduct and analyse semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with nulliparous couples who had an interest in having children in the future.ResultsFour major themes were identified in nine couples aged 25–34 years (here referred to as “millennials”): Millennials are committed to preparation for their future offspring; millennials know features of a good program likely to have high adherence and long‐term behavior change; millennials acknowledge the importance of couples‐based programs; and millennials appreciate that future global emergencies may require lifestyle modifications.ConclusionThis study found that millennial couples showed a strong intention to create optimal emotional, financial, and health conditions for their children. They supported couples‐based approach (CBA) lifestyle interventions to mitigate potential epigenetic risks. Couples believed that participating together in these programs would enhance adherence to healthy habits, promoting long‐term well‐being. The findings advocate for exploring and testing CBA interventions that target both partners, as joint participation not only aids in healthy conception and reduces metabolic syndrome risks but also establishes a foundation for family health. These insights highlight the potential of CBA interventions to positively impact future generations.