bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secretory Products From Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induce Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction
Authors: Greulich Sabrina , Maxhera Bujar , Vandenplas Guy , de Wiza Daniella Herzfeld , Smiris Konstantinos , Mueller Heidi , Heinrichs Jessica , Blumensatt Marcel , Cuvelier Claude , Akhyari Payam , Ruige Johannes B. , Ouwens D. Margriet , Eckel Juergen 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Secreted factors from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have been implicated in the development of cardiomyocyte dysfunction. This study aimed to assess whether alterations in the secretory profile of EAT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) affect contractile function and insulin action in cardiomyocytes.

Methods and Results—

Contractile function and insulin action were analyzed in primary adult rat cardiomyocytes incubated with conditioned media (CM) generated from explants of EAT biopsies obtained from patients without and with DM2. CM from subcutaneous and pericardial adipose tissue biopsies from the same patients served as the control. Cardiomyocytes treated with CM (EAT) from DM2 patients showed reductions in sarcomere shortening, cytosolic Ca
2+
fluxes, expression of sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a, and decreased insulin-mediated Akt-Ser473-phosphorylation as compared with CM from the other groups. Profiling of the CM showed that activin A, angiopoietin-2, and CD14 selectively accumulated in CM-EAT-DM2 versus CM-EAT in patients without DM2 and CM from the other fat depots. Accordingly, EAT biopsies from DM2 patients were characterized by clusters of CD14-positive monocytes. Furthermore, SMAD2-phosphorylation, a downstream target of activin A signaling, was elevated in cardiomyocytes treated with CM (EAT) from DM2 patients, and the detrimental effects of CM (EAT) from DM2 patients were partially abolished in cardiomyocytes pretreated with a neutralizing antibody against activin A. Finally, both recombinant activin A and angiopoietin-2 reduced cardiomyocyte contractile function, but only activin A reduced the expression of sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a.

Conclusions—
Collectively, our data implicate DM2-related alterations in the secretory profile of EAT in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus–related heart disease.
Ribosomal Protein L17, RpL17, is an Inhibitor of Vascular Smooth Muscle Growth and Carotid Intima Formation
Authors: Smolock Elaine M. , Korshunov Vyacheslav A. , Glazko Galina , Qiu Xing , Gerloff Janice , Berk Bradford C. 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Carotid intima-media thickening is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in humans. We discovered that intima formation and cell proliferation in response to carotid injury is greater in SJL/J (SJL) in comparison with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H/F) mice. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes contributing to intima formation.

Methods and Results—

We performed microarray and bioinformatic analyses of carotid arteries from C3H/F and SJL mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the ribosome pathway was significantly up-regulated in C3H/F in comparison with SJL mice. Expression of a ribosomal protein, RpL17, was >40-fold higher in C3H/F carotids in comparison with SJL. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from C3H/F grew slower in comparison to SJL. To determine the role of RpL17 in vascular smooth muscle cell growth regulation, we analyzed the relationship between RpL17 expression and cell cycle progression. Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from mice, rats, and humans showed that RpL17 expression inversely correlated with growth as shown by decreased cells in S phase and increased cells in G
0
/G
1
. To prove that RpL17 acted as a growth inhibitor in vivo, we used pluronic gel delivery of RpL17 small interfering RNA to C3H/F carotid arteries. This resulted in an 8-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells. Furthermore, following partial carotid ligation in SJL mice, RpL17 expression in the intima and media decreased, but the number of proliferating cells increased.

Conclusions—
RpL17 acts as a vascular smooth muscle cell growth inhibitor (akin to a tumor suppressor) and represents a potential therapeutic target to limit carotid intima-media thickening.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Functional MRI Reveal Cortical and Subcortical Interactions during Stop-signal Response Inhibition
Authors: Zandbelt Bram B. , Bloemendaal Mirjam , Hoogendam Janna Marie , Kahn René S. , Vink Matthijs 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Stopping an action requires suppression of the primary motor cortex (M1). Inhibitory control over M1 relies on a network including the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and the supplementary motor complex (SMC), but how these regions interact to exert inhibitory control over M1 is unknown. Specifically, the hierarchical position of the rIFC and SMC with respect to each other, the routes by which these regions control M1, and the causal involvement of these regions in proactive and reactive inhibition remain unclear. We used off-line repetitive TMS to perturb neural activity in the rIFC and SMC followed by fMRI to examine effects on activation in the networks involved in proactive and reactive inhibition, as assessed with a modified stop-signal task. We found repetitive TMS effects on reactive inhibition only. rIFC and SMC stimulation shortened the stop-signal RT (SSRT) and a shorter SSRT was associated with increased M1 deactivation. Furthermore, rIFC and SMC stimulation increased right striatal activation, implicating frontostriatal pathways in reactive inhibition. Finally, rIFC stimulation altered SMC activation, but SMC stimulation did not alter rIFC activation, indicating that rIFC lies upstream from SMC. These findings extend our knowledge about the functional organization of inhibitory control, an important component of executive functioning, showing that rIFC exerts reactive control over M1 via SMC and right striatum.
Inversion Effects in Face-selective Cortex with Combinations of Face Parts
Authors: James Thomas W. , Arcurio Lindsay R. , Gold Jason M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The face inversion effect has been used as a basis for claims about the specialization of face-related perceptual and neural processes. One of these claims is that the fusiform face area (FFA) is the site of face-specific feature-based and/or configural/holistic processes that are responsible for producing the face inversion effect. However, the studies on which these claims were based almost exclusively used stimulus manipulations of whole faces. Here, we tested inversion effects using single, discrete features and combinations of multiple discrete features, in addition to whole faces, using both behavioral and fMRI measurements. In agreement with previous studies, we found behavioral inversion effects with whole faces and no inversion effects with a single eye stimulus or the two eyes in combination. However, we also found behavioral inversion effects with feature combination stimuli that included features in the top and bottom halves (eyes-mouth and eyes-nose-mouth). Activation in the FFA showed an inversion effect for the whole-face stimulus only, which did not match the behavioral pattern. Instead, a pattern of activation consistent with the behavior was found in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, which is a component of the extended face-preferring network. The results appear inconsistent with claims that the FFA is the site of face-specific feature-based and/or configural/holistic processes that are responsible for producing the face inversion effect. They are more consistent with claims that the FFA shows a stimulus preference for whole upright faces.
Reward Associations Magnify Memory-based Biases on Perception
Authors: Doallo Sonia , Patai Eva Zita , Nobre Anna Christina 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Long-term spatial contextual memories are a rich source of predictions about the likely locations of relevant objects in the environment and should enable tuning of neural processing of unfolding events to optimize perception and action. Of particular importance is whether and how the reward outcome of past events can impact perception. We combined behavioral measures with recordings of brain activity with high temporal resolution to test whether the previous reward outcome associated with a memory could modulate the impact of memory-based biases on perception, and if so, the level(s) at which visual neural processing is biased by reward-associated memory-guided attention. Data showed that past rewards potentiate the effects of spatial memories upon the discrimination of target objects embedded within complex scenes starting from early perceptual stages. We show that a single reward outcome of learning impacts on how we perceive events in our complex environments.
Where Does the Irrigation Water Go? An Estimate of the Contribution of Irrigation to Precipitation Using MERRA
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Wisser Dominik , Bosilovich Michael G. , Mocko David M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Irrigation is an important human activity that may impact local and regional climate, but current climate model simulations and data assimilation systems generally do not explicitly include it. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) shows more irrigation signal in surface evapotranspiration (ET) than the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) because ERA-Interim adjusts soil moisture according to the observed surface temperature and humidity while MERRA has no explicit consideration of irrigation at the surface. But, when compared with the results from a hydrological model with detailed considerations of agriculture, the ET from both reanalyses show large deficiencies in capturing the impact of irrigation. Here, a back-trajectory method is used to estimate the contribution of irrigation to precipitation over local and surrounding regions, using MERRA with observation-based corrections and added irrigation-caused ET increase from the hydrological model. Results show substantial contributions of irrigation to precipitation over heavily irrigated regions in Asia, but the precipitation increase is much less than the ET increase over most areas, indicating that irrigation could lead to water deficits over these regions. For the same increase in ET, precipitation increases are larger over wetter areas where convection is more easily triggered, but the percentage increase in precipitation is similar for different areas. There are substantial regional differences in the patterns of irrigation impact, but, for all the studied regions, the highest percentage contribution to precipitation is over local land.
On the Effects of Large-Scale Environment and Surface Types on Convective Cloud Characteristics over Darwin, Australia
Authors: Kumar Vickal V. , Protat Alain , May Peter T. , Jakob Christian , Penide Guillaume , Kumar Sushil , Davies Laura 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Two seasons of Darwin, Australia, C-band polarimetric (CPOL) research radar, radiosoundings, and lightning data are examined to study the relative influence of the large-scale atmospheric regimes and the underlying surface types on tropical convective cloud properties and their diurnal evolution. The authors find that in the “deep westerly” regime, which corresponds to the monsoon period, the convective cloud occurrence rate is highest, consistent with its highest relative humidity. However, these convective clouds have relatively low cloud-top heights, smaller-than-average cell volumes, and are electrically least active. In this regime, the cloud cell volume does not vary significantly across different underlying surfaces and afternoon convective activity is suppressed. Thus, the picture emerging is that the convective cloud activity in the deep westerly regime is primarily regulated by the large-scale conditions. The remaining regimes (“easterly,” “shallow westerly,” and “moist easterly”) also demonstrate strong dependence on the large-scale forcing and a secondary dependence on the underlying surface type. The easterly regime has a small convective cloud occurrence rate and low cloud heights but higher lightning counts per convective cloud. The other two regimes have moderate convective cloud occurrence rates and larger cloud sizes. The easterly, shallow westerly, and moist easterly regimes exhibit a strong, clearly defined semidiurnal convective cloud occurrence pattern, with peaks in the early morning and afternoon periods. The cell onset times in these three regimes depend on the combination of local time and the underlying surface.
Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Husain Qasim , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Svider Peter F. , Radvansky Brian M. , Boghani Zain , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveThis study reviews the published outcomes related to sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC). Clinical presentation, radiographic diagnosis, pathology, treatment, and management outcomes of this uncommon disease are reported.Data SourcesPubMed database.MethodsA systematic review of studies for SNACC from 1960 to 2012 was conducted. A PubMed search for articles related to SNACC, along with bibliographies of those articles, was performed. Articles were examined for both individual patient data (IPD) and aggregate patient data (APD) that reported survivability. Demographics, disease site and spread, treatment strategies, follow‐up, outcome, and survival were described for IPD, and a meta‐analysis for survival rates was performed for APD.ResultsA total of 55 journal articles were included. Individual patient data were reported in 39 journal articles, comprising a total of 88 cases of SNACC. Sixteen articles, totaling 366 patients that reported aggregate 5‐year survivorship pertaining to SNACC, were also included. Average follow‐up in the IPD was 51.2 months (range, 1‐198 months), and 5‐year survivorship was 63.5%. In the studies reviewed, surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy was the most common therapy used and resulted in the highest percentage of survivors. Aggregate patient data meta‐analysis revealed a 5‐year survival rate of 62.5%.ConclusionThis study contains the largest pool of SNACC patients to date. The data suggest that SNACC has a poor overall prognosis. It also suggests that surgery with postoperative radiotherapy is the most commonly used and may possibly be the most effective therapy.
Evaluation of Open Midline Glossectomy in the Multilevel Surgical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Suh Gerald D. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo analyze the overall success rate of open midline glossectomy with lingual tonsillectomy in the surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as a subset analysis to determine whether certain patient factors influence clinical outcome.Study DesignCase series with retrospective data collection.SettingPrivate practice with surgeries performed at a single community hospital (St Johns–Riverside Hospital).Subjects and MethodsFifty consecutive patients who had moderate to severe OSAS with Friedman tongue position III or IV and underwent midline glossectomy with lingual tonsillectomy as part of multilevel sleep apnea surgery and had pre‐ and postsurgery in‐laboratory sleep studies performed.ResultsThe overall success rate was 56.0% using success defined as a postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) less than 20 and a decrease of greater than 50%. Median AHI decreased from 52.0 to 18.3 with a median change of −26.1 (interquartile range, −41.6 and −17.1). Of significance on subset analysis, patients with a preoperative AHI <60 had a 68.8% success rate (P =. 02), and patients with Friedman tongue position III had a 75.9% success rate (P =. 0009).ConclusionThe findings of this case series would suggest that multilevel sleep apnea surgery, incorporating midline glossectomy with lingual tonsillectomy, is a valid alternative for managing moderate to severe OSAS in patients who do not respond or are resistant to continuous positive airway pressure therapy. In patients with a preoperative AHI <60 or Friedman tongue position III, surgical success rate is significantly improved.
Migraine with aura associated with unilateral cortical increase in vascular permeability
Authors: Rotstein DL , Aviv RI , Murray BJ 
Published: October 2012

Background: Few studies to date have captured perfusion and vascular permeability changes during a migraineur’s aura. This may be important information to the clinician in the context of the differential diagnosis of migraine with aura versus acute stroke. Summary: We report a case in which magnetic resonance perfusion during a migraine aura showed unilateral hypoperfusion differentially affecting gray and white matter and was associated with a hemispheric increase in permeability. Conclusions: Imaging in this case suggests that migraine aura is associated with oligemia below the threshold for infarction. Increased vascular permeability may be a critical mechanism contributing to perfusion changes observed in migraine with aura.
Associations Between Lower Extremity Muscle Mass and Multiplanar Knee Laxity and Stiffness
Authors: Shultz Sandra J. , Pye Michele L. , Montgomery Melissa M. , Schmitz Randy J. 
Published: October 2012

Background: Compared with men, women have disproportionally greater frontal (varus-valgus) and transverse (internal-external) plane laxity and lower stiffness, despite having similar sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane laxity and stiffness. While the underlying cause is unclear, the amount of lower extremity lean mass (LELM) may be a contributing factor. Hypothesis: Lower extremity lean mass would be a stronger predictor of frontal and transverse plane laxity and incremental stiffness than the sagittal plane. Associations between LELM and stiffness would be stronger at lower force increments. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Sixty-three women and 30 men with no history of ligament injury were measured for knee laxity and incremental stiffness in the sagittal (−90- to 130-N posterior-to-anterior directed loads), frontal (±10-N·m varus-valgus torques), and transverse (±5-N·m internal-external rotation torques) planes and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to measure LELM. Linear regressions examined the extent to which LELM predicted each laxity and stiffness value, while also accounting for a person’s sex. Results: Females (vs males) had greater laxity and less stiffness in the frontal and transverse planes but not the sagittal plane. Lower extremity lean mass was a poor predictor of sagittal laxity and stiffness ( R2 range = .021-.081; P > .06) but was a stronger predictor of frontal ( R2 range = .215-.567; P < .01) and transverse ( R2 range = .224-.356; P < .01) plane laxity and stiffness. Associations were stronger for low ( R2 = .495-.504) versus high ( R2 = .215-.435) frontal plane stiffness but were similar for low ( R2 = .233-.293) versus high ( R2 = .224-.356) transverse plane stiffness. Once we accounted for a person’s LELM, sex had little effect on laxity and stiffness (change in R2 after removal = .01-.08; P = .027-.797). Conclusion: Less LELM was associated with greater laxity and less stiffness in frontal and transverse planes, which may contribute to the disproportionally higher laxities and reduced stiffnesses observed in females in these planes. Clinical Relevance: Frontal and transverse plane laxity and stiffness may be modifiable through strength training interventions that promote changes in muscle characteristics (eg, muscle cross-sectional area, stiffness) that may contribute to static knee joint stability, thus dynamic joint stability during sport activity.
Identification of apoptosis-related genes and transcription variations in response to microcystin-LR in zebrafish liver
Authors: Wei Lili , Hoole Dave , Sun Baojian 
Published: October 2012

There is growing evidence that the effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are closely related to apoptosis. This study utilized microarray to identify the apoptosis-related genes induced by MC-LR in zebrafish liver. The messenger RNA abundance of some apoptosis-related genes was found to be increased, including five tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related members (apoptosis regulatory protein siva, tumor necrosis factor–α ( tnfa) TNF (ligand) superfamily member 10 ( tnfsf10), TNF-inducible protein 6 ( tnfaip6) and TNF receptor associated factor 2 binding protein ( traf2bp)), three p53-related genes (tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 ( tp53inp1), p53-induced protein phosphatase 1 ( ppm1d) and a novel apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 ( aspp2)), bcl 2 family members (proapoptosis gene bax and antiapoptosis gene mcl 1), caspases (caspase y ( caspy) and a PYD and CARD domain-containing protein ( pycard)) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) induced apoptosis protein 2 ( taip2). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study the kinetic transcriptional changes in seven apoptosis-related genes. Elevated transcription of p53, tp53inp1, mcl 1 and taip2 could only be detected at 6 h, increased transcription of the antagonist molecules, bcl 2 and bax could be detected at most time points and the significant change of caspy could be found at 48 h and 72 h after stimulation. Taken together, the results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that large amount of apoptosis-related genes are involved in the regulation of MC-LR-induced apoptosis.
Toxicity of titanium oxide nanoparticles causes functionality and DNA damage in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm in vitro
Authors: Pawar Kamlesh , Kaul Gautam 
Published: October 2012

The present study has examined the effect of different concentrations (1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (<100 nm) on viability, membrane integrity, capacitation status and DNA integrity of buffalo spermatozoa. Characterization of NPs was done by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and acridine orange test (AOT) were employed to detect DNA fragmentation in sperm treated with NPs. There was significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in cell viability and membrane integrity (assessed by enzyme leakage) at 6 h of incubation with NPs. However, significant ( p < 0.05) increase in sperm capacitation was observed for TiO2 NP albeit at lower concentrations. In DNA fragmentation assay, there was dose-dependent increase in the DNA fragmentation ( r = 0.96). Ultrathin cross-sections revealed TiO2 NPs inside head and plasma membrane of the buffalo spermatozoa as assessed by TEM. These studies suggest that TiO2 NPs may have cytotoxic effect on buffalo spermatozoa by affecting sperm functionality and causing high amount of DNA fragmentations.
Benefits and Risks of Preventing Thromboembolism With Enoxaparin in Patients With General Surgery in Real World—The CLEVER Study
Authors: Schellong Sebastian M. , Encke Albrecht , Weber Artur-Aaron , Bramlage Peter , Paar W. Dieter , Haas Sylvia 
Published: October 2012

Background: We aimed to document enoxaparin use in real world and identify the risk factors for bleeding complications. Methods: Postauthorization study in 448 surgical patients receiving enoxaparin prophylaxis. Complete compression ultrasound (CCUS) was performed at day 10 ± 3. Results: During treatment, 11 of 448 patients had suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) but none confirmed. One patient had symptoms of pulmonary embolism ([PE] 0.22%; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.21-0.66). There were no asymptomatic cases detected upon CCUS. At the 90-day follow-up, 4 (0.9%) of the 440 patients had DVT symptoms (95% CI 0.02-1.80) and none had PE; 5.4% had major and 11.6% any type of bleeding complications. Major bleeding was more frequent in those with kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] 5.53), those who are bedridden (OR 5.49), those with peridural indwelling catheters (OR 4.01), and those on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR 3.33). Conclusions: Enoxaparin is effective and safe in surgical patients to prevent venous thromboembolism.