bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Top-heavy Stellar Initial Mass Function Needed: The Ionizing Radiation of GS9422 Can Be Powered by a Mixture of an Active Galactic Nucleus and Stars
Authors: Li 李 Yijia 轶佳 , Leja Joel , Johnson Benjamin D. , Tacchella Sandro , Naidu Rohan P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
JWST is producing high-quality rest-frame optical and UV spectra of faint galaxies at z > 4 for the first time, challenging models of galaxy and stellar populations. One galaxy recently observed at z = 5.943, GS9422, has nebular line and UV continuum emission that appears to require a high ionizing photon production efficiency. This has been explained with an exotic stellar initial mass function (IMF; Cameron et al. 2023a), 10–30x more top-heavy than a Salpeter IMF. Here we suggest an alternate explanation to this exotic IMF. We use a new flexible neural net emulator for CLOUDY, Cue, to infer the shape of the ionizing spectrum directly from the observed emission line fluxes. By describing the ionizing spectrum with a piecewise power law, Cue is agnostic to the source of the ionizing photons. Cue finds that the ionizing radiation from GS9422 can be approximated by a double power law characterized by

Q

HeII

Q

H

=
−
1.5

, which can be interpreted as a combination of young, metal-poor stars and a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus with F

ν
∝ λ
2 in a 65%/35% ratio. This suggests a significantly lower nebular continuum contribution to the observed UV flux (24%) than a top-heavy IMF (≳80%), and hence, necessitates a damped Lyα absorber to explain the continuum turnover bluewards of ∼1400 Å. While current data cannot rule out either scenario, given the immense impact the proposed top-heavy IMF would have on models of galaxy formation, it is important to propose viable alternative explanations and to further investigate the nature of peculiar high-z nebular emitters.
Teaching and Learning About the Transgender Population: Student Reflections
Authors: Paradiso Catherine , Curcio Danna L. L. , Brillhart Susan J. , Arca-Contreras Karen , Macchiarola Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

Background
Decreasing the disparities in health care for transgender people requires nursing to expand its knowledge base about the population. There is limited research and information about curricula integration inclusive of this population, yet much is written about the gap in nursing knowledge and education. There may be insufficient opportunities to expose students to the population as patients; therefore, creative education strategies are necessary.

Method
An innovative multimodal education process was implemented in an urban university setting to expose undergraduate nursing students to the population. Lecture, video, live testimonial, and panel discussion were used. Class reflections and survey data revealed three qualitative narrative reflections.

Results
Students reported awareness of how to improve their interactions with this population, appreciation for the experience, and meaningfulness of the experience.

Conclusion

The experience brought students closer to understanding the need in providing equitable and appropriate care. Multiple modes of teaching were successful in the affective learning domain. More research in ways to enhance nursing education is necessary.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(12):857–864.]
Réflexions sur la dimension « politique » de l'enseignement agricole pour la transition écologique de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation
Authors: Beaurain Christophe , Carnoy Vanessa 
Published: June 2024

Depuis le xixe siècle, l’enseignement agricole accompagne les mutations du secteur agricole. Ce dernier est aujourd’hui confronté aux enjeux de création et de transmission de nouveaux savoirs répondant à l’impératif de transition écologique qui s’impose à lui. Dans cet article, nous tentons d’ouvrir une réflexion sur les apports possibles de la prise en compte d’une dimension « politique » de l’enseignement agricole, en définissant celle-ci par les évolutions nécessaires dans le rapport social à la Terre. Nous cherchons à comprendre les innovations introduites par cette dimension pour le processus de composition d’une action collective. Le détour par la théorie de l’acteur-réseau permet de préciser le rôle spécifique de l’enseignement agricole dans le déploiement du réseau d’acteurs constitué pour répondre au problème posé par la transition de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation.
Une approche genrée du curriculum de la formation à « produire autrement » : historisation des masculinités agricoles
Authors: Caudron Fournier Manon 
Published: June 2024

Dans les mondes agricoles, comme dans d’autres secteurs, les identités de genre sont étroitement liées aux identités professionnelles, et plus particulièrement aux pratiques et techniques. La mise à mal des modèles d’exploitations agricoles, issus de la modernisation agricole, entraine des rénovations des référentiels de formation agricole, et notamment celle de la réforme de la formation BP REA « produire autrement » en 2018. L’objet de cet article est de voir comment le curriculum de la formation est porteur de masculinités agricoles et comment cette injonction à « produire autrement » vient inscrire une nouvelle masculinité hégémonique à atteindre pour le public en formation, majoritairement composé de fils d’agriculteurs. C’est à travers la mise en représentation du métier pour les héritiers agricoles que le curriculum de la formation BP REA dessine un ensemble souhaitable d’attentes et de pratiques qui reviennent au ‘masculin’, c’est-à-dire les contours d’une masculinité hégémonique. Avec la réforme de 2018, nous faisons l’hypothèse d’un changement de paradigme quant à la mise en représentation du métier d’agriculteur, et donc d’une nouvelle configuration de pratiques idéales associées au ‘masculin’. Lorsque l’on passe de Responsable d’Exploitation à d’Entreprise, la technique devient une nécessité de la nouvelle valeur dominante : la gestion. Ainsi en réponse à l’injonction à « produire autrement », le curriculum évolue et met en avant une nouvelle masculinité hégémonique à atteindre pour les héritiers agricoles à travers la figure de l’« agri-manageur du vivant », où il s’agit de « produire autrement », et notamment du « résultat ».
Avantgarde-Variationen. Die Aktionsgruppe Banat und die junge deutschsprachige Literatur Rumäniens in den 1970er Jahren
Authors: Graur Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Dieser Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel der Aktionsgruppe Banat die Voraussetzungen, die Entstehung und Einhegung einer avantgardistischen Literatur in den deutschsprachigen Gebieten Rumäniens. Steht in den meisten Beiträgen zu diesem Thema die Publikation der Aktionsgruppe aus dem Jahr 1974 im Vordergrund, wird hier der Fokus auf die Anbahnungen und bereits bestehenden Strukturen in den Jahren zuvor gesetzt. Umgekehrt weist die Sammelpublikation Wire Wegbereiter in der Neuen Literatur (4/1974) auf die Grenzen und Gefahren avantgardistischer Literatur für diesen spezifischen Raum (die sozialistische Diktatur Rumäniens) und diese spezifische Zeit (Mitte der 1970er Jahre) hin. Der Beitrag weitet somit den Blick auf die frühe Phase der späteren Aktionsgruppe und ordnet sie in den kulturhistorischen Kontext ein. Gleichzeitig versteht er die Veröffentlichungen der Aktionsgruppe Banat und ihres Umfelds als Selbstinszenierungen einer neuen Literaturszene.
Les enseignants de lycée à l’épreuve de l’éducation à l’orientation
Authors: Pannier Chloé , Michaut Christophe 
Published: June 2024

En France, la loi « Orientation et Réussite des Étudiants » du 8 mars 2018 a créé la plateforme Parcoursup et renforcé le rôle des enseignants du secondaire dans l’accompagnement à l’orientation des jeunes. Non formés à cela, ces derniers ont pourtant à composer avec cette mission et les nouveautés induites par la plateforme qui fait l’objet de vives critiques en raison notamment des inégalités qu’elle génère. Les potentiels ajustements nécessaires pour y faire face questionnent alors l’identité professionnelle des enseignants du secondaire. La recherche s’intéresse à la façon dont ces derniers acceptent ou résistent à la réforme au prisme de sa réception et de sa mise en œuvre. 23 enseignants de lycée ont été interrogés dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs compréhensifs. Les résultats révélent un manque de formation et de compétences en la matière chez les enquêtés. Ces derniers se sentent illégitimes et demeurent incertains quant aux effets que leur accompagnement peut avoir sur le parcours des élèves. Malgré leurs perceptions convergentes en matière d’orientation, ces derniers réinterprètent et s’ajustent à cette mission en fonction de leur ancienneté, de leur discipline et du contexte de leur établissement. Ils sont amenés à opérer un « bricolage » pour s’adapter au mieux aux injonctions.
Enseigner en intégrant l’urgence climatique : propos d’enseignant·es en formation
Authors: Balslev Kristine , Naef Lora 
Published: June 2024

Face aux défis du réchauffement climatique impactant probablement fortement la génération actuellement sur les bancs de l’école, le rôle de cette dernière est questionné par des enseignantes et enseignants soutenant les mouvements de jeunes, comme la grève du climat. Une recherche-formation destinée à des enseignant·es souhaitant développer et partager leurs pratiques pour y intégrer l’urgence climatique est décrite et les discours, produits dans ce cadre, analysés. De cette analyse se dégagent plusieurs thématiques fortes, notamment sous forme de préoccupations et de pistes projetées. Les propos des enseignant·es sont discutés à la lumière de courants visant à faire de l’environnement un sujet scolaire existant depuis les années 1970. Les résultats mettent en lumière la diversité et la richesse des activités proposées et le fort engagement qu’offrent ces enseignant·es pour intégrer l’urgence climatique dans leurs pratiques. Ils pointent également le rôle paradoxal accordé aux élèves, passant du rôle de moteur à celui de frein à l’engagement.
Statistical errors in scientific research: A narrative review
Authors: Darling HS 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Statistics is the backbone of scientific research. Statistical errors are an inevitable part of any study. A researcher needs to be aware of various types of statistical errors, their implications, and steps to minimize them. Essentially, statistical errors may creep into medical literature either by deriving false-positive or false-negative interpretations during analysis or through fallacies in data collection. Manipulation of statistical errors to derive one’s preferred conclusions from a study is unethical. We searched medical literature in databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for the articles published between July 2014 and June 2023 followed by abstract screening which led to the study of 8 full-length articles to gather the pertinent material. This review highlights many of the common statistical errors along with examples and suggested corrective actions.
An audit of metastatic tumors to the liver highlighting the spectrum of differential diagnosis: A retrospective study from a tertiary cancer center in North India
Authors: Singh Neha , Dhal Ipsita , Rajput Kirti , Chowdhury Zachariah , Patne Shashikant , Tripathi Parul , Patel Swapnil , Tripathi Mayank , Pandey Durgatosh , Sansar Bipinesh 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Space-occupying lesions of the liver can broadly be divided into benign and malignant and further as primary and metastatic lesions. Among the malignant lesions of the liver, metastatic lesions of unknown primary origin present as one of the most common clinical dilemmas.

Objectives:
The primary objective was to study the histomorphological and immunohistochemical profiles of the secondaries to the liver. The secondary objective was to outline an approach toward an accurate diagnosis of the primary site and exclusion of the close differentials, especially in the case of round-cell tumors and spindle cell lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to September 2020 at the Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. All patients diagnosed with metastatic liver lesions were studied. The cases were reviewed for histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings, and the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

Results:
A total of 452 cases were studied, and the mean age was 54.8 ± 13.5 (standard deviation) years with the age ranging from 7 months to 88 years (median, 56; interquartile range, 46-65 years) with female (n = 243, 53.8%) predominance. Adenocarcinomas (n = 302, 66.8%), followed by neuroendocrine lesions (n = 63, 13.9%), were the most common histology, while melanoma (n = 2, 0.4%) was the least common. The common sites of the primary were pancreaticobiliary (n = 231, 51.1%), lung (n = 58, 12.8%), breast (n = 31, 6.9%), and colorectal (n = 20, 4.4%). Less frequent lesions involving the liver, such as spindle cell lesions, lymphomas, melanomas, and germ cell tumors, were also noted.

Conclusions:
The liver is one of the most common sites of metastasis from various organs. Adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor, amid which metastasis from the pancreaticobiliary tract is the most common site of primary. Hence, a stepwise approach of immunohistochemistry in conjunction with clinicoradiological assessment is necessary for an apt diagnosis and treatment.
Destructive cervical spine disease with concomitant chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Singh Suvir , Makkar Damandeep Singh , Sharma Rintu 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
A significant majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) present with chronic-phase disease and demonstrate an excellent long-term response to therapy. However, for patients presenting with advanced-phase disease, treatment modification in the form of second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or chemotherapy with allogeneic stem cell transplantation is indicated. To add to the literature, we report a patient who presented with atypical features with destructive cervical spine lesions, which required rapid assessment and surgical fixation to determine the disease stage and initiate appropriate therapy.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among B.Sc. Nursing Students in Mizoram during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lalramdini C. , Lalremsanga H. T. , Saikia Lukima , Malsawmtluanga H. T. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the education system was among the worst hit. The online education system was introduced, and students have to stay home surrounded by uncertainty of their future, leading to various levels of stress and the need to somehow cope with it.

Materials and Methods:
An online cross-sectional descriptive study involving 417 B.Sc. Nursing students were conducted between March 2, 2022 and March 8, 2022 to assess the perceived stress and coping mechanisms among Mizoram’s B.Sc. nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to ascertain the association between stress and coping with specific demographic variables. To assess the level of stress and coping strategies, respectively, Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of Covid-19 (PSS-10-C) and Modified Brief-Coping orientation to problems experienced Scale were used.

Results:
The majority of the participants 89% were female, whereas 10.1% were male. Most of the participants 89.2% resided in a hostel. A high level of stress is seen among 2.15% of the participants. The majority 83.7% have moderate stress levels and a low level of stress is seen among 14.15% of the participants. Perceived stress is higher among the females significantly at 0.02 and also among those who reside in the hostel at 0.02 level. Among the participants with high perceived stress levels, avoidance coping is most adopted by a mean value of 25.00 (5.61).

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that there is a need for appropriate intervention for assisting the B.Sc. nursing students in stress management to adopt healthy coping strategies.
A Study Exploring Relationship between Risk Factors and Resilience among Youth
Authors: Kharpuri Fenny Leferty , Bhaskar Ramya 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
“Youth” is best understood as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. Of the 1.2 billion people live in India, 54% are <24 years of age. These young people are the futures of tomorrow. However, their lives today are ridden with anxieties, depressions, identity crisis, relationship break downs, conflicts, stress, and sensuality. Youth live in a society serene of a number of social spheres that influence their belief, attitudes, and behavior where the effect of risk behavior among youth can be seen in them being reckless. Youth lifestyles are of concern. Determining the risk behaviors in this age group is important for understanding how hazardous behavior shape their adult outcomes and identify resilience that will help them make better decisions and enhance the existing protective factors.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the relationship between risk behaviors and resilience among youths in the city of Coimbatore.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on youth from schools and colleges, selected by random sampling, in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:
One thousand seven hundred and ten youth studying in various schools and colleges (F = 799 and M = 911) aged between 18 and 22 years were selected randomly for this study. Youth Risk Behavior Scale and Resilience Scale were administered to elicit the information from the selected youth.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The frequency and percentage were calculated to assess the level of risk behavior and resilience among youth. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to identify the significant relationship of risk with the resilient factors among youth. The data were subjected to the statistical analysis through SPSS 19.

Results:
The results highlighted that smoking, tobacco, alcohol, and self-medication risks were higher and all the aspects of resilience except for adaptability were found to be lower among youth. The “canonical correlation analysis” resulted in four canonical functions and where collectively the full model was statistically significant f (40, 7399) = 7.137, P = 0.000. These results emphasized the differential impact of risk on resilience among youth and in their functioning.

Conclusions:
The study emphasizes the differential impact of risk and resilience on the different aspects of youth functioning and supports the need for specificity in resilience research. Resilience can be practiced and youth may be educated to be resilient. Attention to risk factors at both individual and social levels is required to provide the fullest understanding of healthy youth and improve their well-being with enhanced resilience.
Ultrasound Diagnosed Fetal Hydranencephaly in the Prenatal Period
Authors: Oriaifo Bosede Belinda , Izevbekhai Stephen Ohikhuemei , Ahunanya Chukwudi Nnaedozie , Irabor Pamela Faith Isioma , Oshodin Evelyn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital encephalopathy characterized by a near complete absence of the cerebral cortical mantle and basal ganglia, with consequent replacement by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although hydranencephaly is an extremely rare congenital entity with an incidence <1/10,000 live births, there are no known gender or racial predilections. However, polyhydramnios is a recognized association. Brain infarction from bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion, fetal hypoxia, leukomalacia, and congenital infections have all been implicated as possible etiologies for this rare entity. Ultrasonography can be used for prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydranencephaly, assessment for possible associations, and to exclude the common differential diagnoses. The objective of this report is to present an extremely rare congenital encephalopathy diagnosed in utero in a pregnant patient at the third trimester using ultrasonography, to review pertinent literature about this condition, and to highlight the role of ultrasonography in making a diagnosis of hydranencephaly while excluding common differential diagnoses. This was a case of hydranencephaly diagnosed at the third trimester of gestation, precisely at 36 weeks (with a discrepancy in the sonographically estimated average fetal gestational age which was about 33 weeks) at the time of diagnosis in a Nigerian tertiary health facility. Sonography revealed a disproportionately large fetal cranium relative to other fetal parts, the absence of a large proportion of the cerebral cortical mantle, and its replacement with anechoic CSF. The falx cerebri was preserved. Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital entity. Its diagnosis can be unraveled in the prenatal period with the use of ultrasonography particularly in resource-poor centers in sub-Saharan Africa where advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are not readily available.
A systematic review of preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Haider Mahnur , Nur Yakub Ali , Syed Hareem , Khan Kashif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review presents the current evidence available on the utility of a preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), assessed by its effect on surgical candidacy and postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched till 2022 to identify studies. Studies that reported characteristics and outcomes of participants with cirrhosis that had a TIPS inserted in preparation for extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, were included.

Results:
Twenty-one studies (292 patients) were included, of which three were comparative studies and the remaining case series or case reports. A TIPS was inserted in 190 patients prior to surgery. At least one clinical sign of portal hypertension identified by ascites, varices, and/or hepatic encephalopathy were present in all patients except one patient. Fifty eight percent had decompensated cirrhosis. TIPS insertion was successful in all patients. Eighty-nine percent of patients underwent surgery. The cumulative 30-day postoperative mortality was 2% (3/148). There were 97 complications reported in 168 patients (57%). In the three comparative studies, there was no difference in mortality or morbidity among patients who underwent TIPS prior to surgery compared to those who did not undergo TIPS prior to surgery.

Conclusion:
Preoperative TIPS has been used to improve surgical candidacy in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, while reducing complications of portal hypertension. However, there is not enough evidence to support that TIPS insertion prior to extrahepatic, abdominal surgery significantly improves surgical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and further studies are needed.