bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendronized Multifunctional Amphiphilic Polymers as Efficient Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumari Meena , Gupta Shilpi , Achazi Katharina , Böttcher Christoph , Khandare Jayant , Sharma Sunil K. , Haag Rainer 
Published: November 2014

To gain insight into the factors that affect stability and transport efficiency under dilution conditions, dendronized and hyperbranched multifunctional amphiphilic polymers are synthesized by following the “grafting to” approach using varied amounts of propargylated alkyl chain with perfect and hyperbranched polyglycerol dendrons on the base copolymer of PEG (: 1000 g mol−1) diethylester and 2‐azidopropane‐1,3‐diol following the “bio‐catalytic method” and “click approach”. The dendronized and hyperbranched polymeric systems form supramolecular aggregates and exhibit an efficient transport potential for the model dye “Nile red” in the low μm range in the core–shell‐type architecture provided with distinct amphiphilicity as required for encapsulation. Cytotoxicity studies show the polymeric systems to be non‐toxic over a wide concentration range. The cellular internalization of Nile‐red‐encapsulated supramolecular micellar structures is also studied using cellular fluorescence micro­scopy and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) measurements. A comparison of the data for the dendronized polymers (PEG : 600/1000 g mol−1) with the respective low‐molecular‐weight amphiphile reveal that these polymeric systems are excellent nanotransporters.
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Congenital talipes equinovarus: frequency of associated malformations not identified by prenatal ultrasound
Authors: Toufaily M. Hassan , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo establish the frequency of prenatally undetected associated malformations (identified at birth) in infants with apparent “isolated” club foot deformity.MethodsA cohort study of all infants with unilateral or bilateral club foot deformity identified at birth among 311 480 infants surveyed between 1972 and 2012 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Those with talipes equinovarus were divided into “isolated” and “complex”, based on the findings in examination and by chromosome analysis.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐two infants had “isolated” talipes equinovarus (TEV), and 66 had the “complex” type. Six (4.2%) of the 142 infants with “isolated” TEV were found at birth to have associated malformations that had not been identified by imaging during pregnancy. These abnormalities included hip dislocation (n = 2), bilateral post‐axial polydactyly of the feet (n = 1), penile chordee (n = 1), and hypospadias (n = 2).ConclusionIn this consecutive series of infants with isolated talipes equinovarus, 95.8% had no additional malformations identified by examination at birth. None of the additional findings were severe enough to affect the medical prognosis of the affected infant. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectra for characterization of defective CVD multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir L. , Bokova‐Sirosh Sofya N. , Moseenkov Sergey I. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Romanenko Anatoly I. , Tkachev Evgeniy N. , Obraztsova Elena D. 
Published: November 2014

Curved graphene fragments can be considered as building blocks of carbon nanotubes. Thus, the size of graphene fragments may be considered as one of the most important characteristics of their structural disorder. In this paper, we have performed a comparative Raman study of CVD multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene flakes deposited on MWCNTs. Raman data have been considered in combination with HRTEM characterization of nanotubes. The basic attention has been paid to the behavior of D (disorder‐induced), G (tangential mode), and 2D (two‐phonon scattering) bands in Raman spectra in order to use them for MWCNT characterization. A ratio of intensities of 2D and D bands (I2D/ID) demonstrates almost a linear dependence on the mean diameter of MWCNTs produced with two different types of catalysts (see abstract figure). It should be mentioned that each type of catalyst provides the linear dependence with its own specific slope. The graphene fragments have been proposed to form a mosaic structure of nanotube walls. I2D/ID ratio depends on the amount of graphene flakes deposited on nanotube surface via ethylene decomposition.A dependence of intensity ratio I2D/ID on the diameter of nanotubes produced with different types of catalysts.
Radical‐directed dissociation of peptides and proteins by infrared multiphoton dissociation and sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xing , Li Huilin , Moore Benjamin , Wongkongkathep Piriya , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A. , Julian Ryan R. 
Published: November 2014

RATIONALERecent experiments utilizing photodissociation in linear ion traps have enabled significant development of Radical‐Directed Dissociation (RDD) for the examination of peptides and proteins. The increased mass accuracy and resolution available in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) should enable further progress in this area. Preliminary experiments with photoactivated radicals are reported herein.METHODSA 266 nm Nd:YAG laser is coupled to a FTICR or linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Radical peptides and proteins are generated by ultraviolet photodissociation (PD) and further activated by collisions or infrared photons.RESULTSA 266 nm UV laser and an IR laser can be simultaneously coupled to a 15 Tesla FTICR mass spectrometer. The ultra‐low‐pressure environment in FTICR‐MS makes collisional cooling less competitive, and thus more secondary fragments are generated by UVPD than in linear ion traps. Activation by sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation (SORI‐CID) or infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) also yields additional secondary fragmentation relative to CID in an ion trap. Accurate identification of RDD fragments is possible in FTICR‐MS.CONCLUSIONSRelative to linear ion trap instruments, PD experiments in FTICR‐MS are more difficult to execute due to poor ion cloud overlap and the low pressure environment. However, the results can be more easily interpreted due to the increased resolution and mass accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration inequalities for non-Lipschitz functions with bounded derivatives of higher order
Authors: Adamczak Radosław , Wolff Paweł 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBuilding on the inequalities for homogeneous tetrahedral polynomials in independent Gaussian variables due to R. Latała we provide a concentration inequality for not necessarily Lipschitz functions $$f:\mathbb {R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:

R

n

→
R

with bounded derivatives of higher orders, which holds when the underlying measure satisfies a family of Sobolev type inequalities $$\begin{aligned} \Vert g- \mathbb Eg\Vert _p \le C(p)\Vert \nabla g\Vert _p. \end{aligned}$$

‖
g
-
E
g
‖

p

≤
C

(
p
)

‖
∇
g
‖

p

.

Such Sobolev type inequalities hold, e.g., if the underlying measure satisfies the log-Sobolev inequality (in which case $$C(p) \le C\sqrt{p}$$

C

(
p
)

≤
C

p

) or the Poincaré inequality (then $$C(p) \le Cp$$

C
(
p
)
≤
C
p

). Our concentration estimates are expressed in terms of tensor-product norms of the derivatives of $$f$$
f
. When the underlying measure is Gaussian and $$f$$
f
is a polynomial (not necessarily tetrahedral or homogeneous), our estimates can be reversed (up to a constant depending only on the degree of the polynomial). We also show that for polynomial functions, analogous estimates hold for arbitrary random vectors with independent sub-Gaussian coordinates. We apply our inequalities to general additive functionals of random vectors (in particular linear eigenvalue statistics of random matrices) and the problem of counting cycles of fixed length in Erdős–Rényi random graphs, obtaining new estimates, optimal in a certain range of parameters.
Novel starters for old processes: use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from artisanal sourdough for craft beer production at a brewery scale
Authors: Marongiu Antonella , Zara Giacomo , Legras Jean-Luc , Del Caro Alessandra , Mascia Ilaria , Fadda Costantino , Budroni Marilena 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The deliberate inoculation of yeast strains isolated from food matrices such as wine or bread, could allow the transfer of novel properties to beer. In this work, the feasibility of the use of baker's yeast strains as starters for craft beer production has been evaluated at laboratory and brewery scale. Nine out of 12 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from artisanal sourdoughs metabolized 2 % maltose, glucose and trehalose and showed growth rates and cell populations higher than those of the brewer’s strain Safbrew-S33. Analysis of allelic variation at 12 microsatellite loci clustered seven baker’s strains and Safbrew-S33 in the main group of bread isolates. Chemical analyses of beers produced at a brewery scale showed significant differences among the beers produced with the baker’s strain S38 or Safbrew-S33, while no significant differences were observed when S38 or the brewer’s strain Safbrew-F2 was used for re-fermentation. The sensory profile of beers obtained with S38 or the brewer’s yeasts did not show significant differences, thus suggesting that baker’s strains of S. cerevisiae could represent a reservoir of biodiversity for the selection of starter strains for craft beer production.
Lipid Analysis of Airway Epithelial Cells for Studying Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Zehethofer Nicole , Bermbach Saskia , Hagner Stefanie , Garn Holger , Müller Julia , Goldmann Torsten , Lindner Buko , Schwudke Dominik , König Peter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and COPD. Studies concerning the function of the lipid metabolism of the airway epithelium are so far based only on the detection of lipids by immunohistochemistry but quantitative analyses have not been performed. Although recent advances in mass spectrometry have allowed to identify a variety of lipid classes simultaneously in isolated tissue samples, up until now, these methods were not suitable to analyze lipids in the airway epithelium. To determine all major lipid classes in airway epithelial cells, we used an LC–MS-based approach that can easily be combined with the specific isolation procedure to obtain epithelial cells. We tested the suitability of this method with a mouse model of experimental asthma. In response to allergen challenge, perturbations in the sphingolipids were detected, which led to increased levels of ceramides. We expanded the scope of this approach analysing human bronchus samples without pathological findings of adenocarcinoma patients. For the human lung epithelium an unusual lipid class distribution was found in which ceramide was the predominant sphingolipid. In summary, we show that disease progression and lipid metabolism perturbation can be monitored in animal models and that the method can be used for the analysis of clinical samples.
Pharmacokinetic study of aldoxorubicin in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Mita Monica M. , Natale Ronald B. , Wolin Edward M. , Laabs Brenda , Dinh Hillary , Wieland Scott , Levitt Daniel J. , Mita Alain C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIntroduction Aldoxorubicin, a prodrug of doxorubicin, binds covalently to serum albumin in the bloodstream and accumulates in tumors. Aldoxorubicin can be administered at doses several-fold higher than doxorubicin can, without associated acute cardiotoxicity. Purpose This study fully evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of aldoxorubicin (serum and urine). Methods Eighteen patients with advanced solid tumors received aldoxorubicin 230 or 350 mg/m2 (equivalent in drug load to doxorubicin at doses of 170 or 260 mg/m2, respectively) once every 21 days. Blood samples were taken in cycle 1 before aldoxorubicin infusion, and at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h after infusion. Urine samples were taken in cycle 1 at 24, 48, and 72 h after infusion. Limited blood sampling was done in cycle 3, before aldoxorubicin infusion, and at 60 min and at 2, 4, and 8 h after infusion. Results The long mean half-life (20.1–21.1 h), narrow mean volume of distribution (3.96–4.08 L/m2), and slow mean clearance rate (0.136–0.152 L/h/m2) suggest that aldoxorubicin is stable in circulation and does not accumulate readily in body compartments outside of the bloodstream. Very little doxorubicin and its major metabolite doxorubicinol, which has been implicated in doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity, are excreted in urine. This might explain the lack of cardiotoxicity observed thus far with aldoxorubicin. Conclusions Our findings support dosing and administration schemas used in an ongoing phase 3 clinical study of aldoxorubicin in soft tissue sarcoma, and phase 2 clinical studies in small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
The new randomised controlled trials (RCT) movement in public policy: challenges of epistemic governance
Authors: Pearce Warren , Raman Sujatha 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Since 2012, a new movement of government departments, think tanks and high-profile individuals within the UK has sought to promote the increased usage of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in public policy. They promote RCTs as an evidence-based corrective for the inappropriate certainties of experts. Recent government reports and public debate around this initiative are reviewed and analysed within a framework for epistemic governance: normative insights into how knowledge for policymaking should be understood and governed drawn from science and technology studies and the policy sciences. The legitimacy of RCT evidence within policymaking is found to rest on the recognition of three key features: (1) how multiple meanings of evidence limit generalisability, (2) ensuring a plurality of evidence inputs, including those from other forms of research and expertise, and (3) building institutions for governing the use of RCTs in the public interest. Producing evidence for policymaking is a hybrid activity that necessarily spans both science and politics. Presenting RCTs as naively neutral evidence of what policy interventions work is misleading. The paper concludes by calling for more work on how the new RCT movement might engage with its own history in social and policy research on the value of experiments for policymaking.
Intra-articular Analgesia and Discharge to Home Enhance Recovery following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Duggal Shivi , Flics Susan , Cornell Charles N. 
Published: November 2014

Background The increasing demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKR) and the initiatives to reduce health care spending have put the responsibility for efficient care on hospitals and providers. Multidisciplinary care pathways have been shown to shorten length of stay and result in improved short-term outcomes. However, common problems such as post-op nausea, orthostasis, and quad weakness remain, while reliance on discharge to rehabilitation facilities may also prolong hospital stay. Questions/Purposes Our aim was to document that combined modifications of our traditional clinical pathway for unilateral TKR could lead to improved short-term outcomes. We pose the following research questions. Can pathway modifications which include intra-articular infusion and saphenous nerve block (SNB) provide adequate pain relief and eliminate common side effects promoting earlier mobilization? Can planning for discharge to home avoid in-patient rehab stays? Can these combined modifications decrease length of stay even in patients with complex comorbidities indicated by higher ASA class? Will discharge to home incur an increase in complications or a failure to achieve knee range of motion? Patients and Methods A retrospective review was performed and identified two cohorts. Group A included 116 patients that underwent unilateral TKR for osteoarthritis between August 2009 and August 2010. Group B included 171 patients that underwent unilateral TKR for osteoarthritis between February 2012 to February 2013. Group A patients were treated with spinal anesthesia with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA)/femoral nerve block (FNB) for the first 48 h after surgery. Discharge planning was initiated after admission. Group B had spinal anesthesia with SNB and received a continuous intra-articular infusion of 0.2% ropivicaine for 48 h post-op. Discharge planning was initiated with a case manager prior to hospitalization and discharge to home was declared the preferred approach. An intensive home PT program was made available through a program with our local home care agency. Outcomes assessed and compared between groups included length of stay, incidence of post-op nausea, dizziness, in-hospital falls, occurrence of complications including wound infection and the recovery of range of motion at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year post-op. Results Pain control was similar between the groups but Group B had fewer side effects. With the new pathway, length of stay (LOS) was reduced from 4.32 to 3.64 days with a similar LOS reduction across all ASA classes. There was no increase in Group B wound or other complications. Return of ROM was similar between groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that replacing PCEA and FNB with intra-articular analgesia with a SNB allows for improved early recovery following TKR. That, combined with pre-op discharge planning and initiation of an intensive home PT program, reduced average length of stay.
Alternatives to Sural Nerve Grafts in the Upper Extremity
Authors: Poppler Louis H. , Davidge Kristen , Lu Johnny C. Y. , Armstrong Jim , Fox Ida K. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: November 2014

Background The sural nerve is the most common nerve graft donor despite requiring a second operative limb and causing numbness of the lateral foot. The purposes of this study were to review our experience using nerve autografts in upper extremity nerve reconstruction and develop recommendations for donor selection. Methods A retrospective case series study was performed of all consecutive patients undergoing nerve grafting procedures for upper extremity nerve injuries over an 11-year period (2001–2012). Results Eighty-six patients received 109 nerve grafts over the study period. Mean patient age was 42.9±18.3 years; 57 % were male. There were 51 median (59 %), 26 ulnar (30 %), 14 digital (13 %), 13 radial (16 %), and 3 musculocutaneous (4 %) nerve injuries repaired with 99 nerve autografts (71 from upper extremity, 28 from lower extremity). Multiple upper extremity nerve autograft donors were utilized, including the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MABC), third webspace branch of median, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABC), palmar cutaneous, and dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve. By using an upper-extremity donor, a second operative limb was avoided in 58 patients (67 %), and a second incision was avoided in 26 patients (30 %). The frequency of sural graft use declined from 40 % ( n=17/43) to 11 % ( n=7/64). Conclusions Our algorithm for selecting nerve graft material has evolved with our growing understanding of nerve internal topography and the drive to minimize additional incisions, maximize ease of harvest, and limit donor morbidity. This has led us away from using the sural nerve when possible and allowed us to avoid a second operative limb in two thirds of the cases.
Characterization of Turkish Olive Oils by Triacylglycerol Structures and Sterol Profiles
Authors: Yorulmaz Aslı , Yavuz Huseyin , Tekin Aziz 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA characterization study of Turkish monovarietal olive oils using chemical variables such as fatty acid, sn‐2 fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and sterol composition is presented. A total of 101 samples of Olea europaea L. fruits from 18 cultivars were collected for two crop years from west, south, and southeast regions of Turkey. Olives were processed to oil and olive oil samples were evaluated for their triacylglycerol structures and sterol composition. Oleic acid content ranged from 60.15 to 80.46 % of total fatty acids and represented 70.90–89.02 % of sn‐2 position triacylglycerols. Major triglycerides of oil samples were triolein, palmitodiolein, dioleolinolein, palmitooleolinolein, dipalmitoolein, and stearodiolein. Triolein values were between 24.72 and 48.64 % and compatible with the fatty acid composition. Total sterol content varied from 1,145.32 to 2,211.77 mg/kg and Edremit yaglık stood out because of its high sterol content. A one‐way analysis of variance revealed significant differences for variables among cultivars. Principle component analysis enabled the classification of common varieties on the basis of analytical data. Sterol composition achieved more relevant discrimination than fatty acid and triglyceride composition. Classification according to geographical origin was performed by discriminant analysis.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Monovarietal Olive Oils Produced in Argentina
Authors: de Fernandez María de los Angeles , SotoVargas Verónica Carolina , Silva María Fernanda 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVirgin olive oil has high levels of phenolic compounds that are highly bioavailable; these compounds are receiving considerable attention for their antioxidant activity, closely related to the prevention of non‐communicable chronic diseases. The aim of this work was to characterize the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of monovarietal olive oils cvs. Arauco, Arbequina, Farga and Empeltre produced in Argentina. This study focused on the relationship between the single molecules or classes of molecules quantified by SPE‐CZE, the corresponding Folin‐Ciocalteu results, and antioxidant capacity using three different tests. Fifteen compounds were simultaneously determined: tyrosol, vinylphenol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, rutin, catechin, naringenin, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, luteolin, apigenin, vanillin acid, quercetin, and caffeic acid. The phenolic contents of the monovarietal olive oils show significant differences between different varieties (p < 0.05), with positive and significant Pearson's correlation found between Folin–Ciocalteu and CZE. Besides, the correlation between the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was high for all the antioxidant assays performed. When analyzing the correlation coefficients of the different families of phenolic compounds studied, simple phenols and cinnamic acid derivatives show a higher correlation with antioxidant capacity. Thus, findings obtained in this study demonstrated that Arauco olive oil, autochthonous for Argentina, possesses the highest antioxidant/free‐radical scavenging properties, which are very likely due to the presence of high contents of phenolic compounds.