bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length Change Patterns in the Lateral Extra-articular Structures of the Knee and Related Reconstructions
Authors: Kittl Cristoph , Halewood Camilla , Stephen Joanna M. , Gupte Chinmay M. , Weiler Andreas , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: December 2014

Background: Lateral extra-articular soft tissue reconstructions in the knee may be used as a combined procedure in revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery as well as in primary treatment for patients who demonstrate excessive anterolateral rotatory instability. Only a few studies examining length change patterns and isometry in lateral extra-articular reconstructions have been published. Purpose: To determine a recommended femoral insertion area and graft path for lateral extra-articular reconstructions by measuring length change patterns through a range of knee flexion angles of several combinations of tibial and femoral insertion points on the lateral side of the knee. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were freed of skin and subcutaneous fat. The knee was then mounted in a kinematics rig that loaded the quadriceps muscles and simulated open-chain knee flexion. The length changes of several combinations of tibiofemoral points were measured at knee flexion angles between 0° and 90° by use of linear variable displacement transducers. The changes in length relative to the 0° measurement were recorded. Results: The anterior fiber region of the iliotibial tract displayed a significantly different ( P < .001) length change pattern compared with the posterior fiber region. The reconstructions that had a femoral insertion site located proximal to the lateral epicondyle and with the grafts passed deep to the lateral collateral ligament displayed similar length change patterns to each other, with small length increases during knee extension. These reconstructions also showed a significantly lower total strain range compared with the reconstruction located anterior to the epicondyle ( P < .001). Conclusion: These findings show that the selection of graft attachment points and graft course affects length change pattern during knee flexion. A graft attached proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle and running deep to the lateral collateral ligament will provide desirable graft behavior, such that it will not suffer excessive tightening or slackening during knee motion. Clinical Relevance: These results provide a surgical rationale for lateral extra-articular soft tissue reconstruction in terms of femoral graft fixation site and graft route.
Adolescents Demonstrate Greater Gait Balance Control Deficits After Concussion Than Young Adults
Authors: Howell David R. , Osternig Louis R. , Chou Li-Shan 
Published: December 2014

Background: Age has been described as a factor that affects recovery after concussion. The recommended management protocol is to treat adolescents in a more cautious manner than adults. However, few studies have prospectively and longitudinally assessed the way these age groups perform on motor tasks after concussion. Purpose: To examine dual-task gait balance control deficits after concussion in a group of adolescents and young adults in reference to matched control subjects within 72 hours of injury and throughout 2 months after injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Adolescents and young adults who sustained a concussion and individually matched controls completed a whole-body motion gait analysis while simultaneously performing a cognitive task. Subjects with concussion reported to the laboratory within 72 hours after injury and at the following time points: 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after injury. Control subjects completed the same protocol at similar time points. Gait balance control measurements included whole-body center-of-mass (COM) medial-lateral displacement/velocity and anterior velocity. Results: A total of 38 subjects with concussion, 19 young adults (mean ± SD age, 20.3 ± 2.4 years) and 19 adolescents (mean ± SD age, 15.1 ± 1.1 years), and 38 individually matched control subjects were tested. Within 72 hours of injury, adolescents displayed significantly greater COM medial-lateral displacement ( P = .001) and peak velocity ( P = .001) relative to their control group, and the young adult concussion group displayed significantly less peak COM anterior velocity than their control group ( P = .01). Across the 2 months of testing, adolescents with concussion displayed significantly greater total COM medial-lateral displacement than did adolescent controls ( P = .001), while young adults with concussion did not significantly differ from their matched controls ( P = .07). Conclusion: An examination of gait balance control during dual-task walking revealed that after concussion, in reference to matched controls, adolescents demonstrated greater gait balance control deficits than did young adults initially and throughout the 2-month postinjury period, supporting the recommendation of conservative management for adolescents after concussion.
Sports Activity After Treatment of Residual Hip Dysplasia With Triple Pelvic Osteotomy Using the Tönnis and Kalchschmidt Technique
Authors: Ettinger Max , Berger Stefan , Floerkemeier Thilo , Windhagen Henning , Ezechieli Marco 
Published: December 2014

Background: Pelvic osteotomies are performed to prevent the progression of osteoarthritis and its associated pain due to adult hip dysplasia, particularly for young patients with no or low-grade osteoarthritis. No data are available concerning levels of sporting activity before and after triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide comprehensive data on levels of sporting activity and the subjective outcome of patients after this complex operation. Hypothesis: Patients can return to a higher level of sports activity after TPO compared with their preoperative level. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 2003 and 2011, a total of 116 triple pelvic osteotomies were performed at a single institution; the Tönnis and Kalchschmidt technique was used on 91 patients. After exclusion criteria for this study were applied, 77 patients remained (59 females and 18 males); the mean ± SD age at operation was 26 ± 3.9 years. To study outcomes, patients were asked to complete both the Harris hip score (HHS) and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) preoperatively and at postoperative follow-up. Their level of activity was determined according to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score. Patients rated their hip movement and overall satisfaction preoperatively and at postoperative follow-up using a visual analog scale for sporting activity, physical fitness level, and level of pain experienced while performing their sport. Results: The mean ± SD follow-up time was 6.2 ± 1.4 years. The mean HHS changed significantly from 63.3 ± 15.6 preoperatively to 90.1 ± 10.8 at follow-up ( P < .001), and the mean HOOS changed significantly from 52.9 ± 20.1 to 82 ± 17.1 at follow-up ( P < .001). The mean UCLA activity score changed significantly from 4.8 ± 2.1 to 7.7 ± 1.4 at follow-up ( P < .001). Conclusion: Patients achieved a higher level of sports activity postoperatively. The postoperative level of participation in sports was superior, with a shift from low- to high-impact activities.
Physiological changes after fluid bolus therapy in sepsis: a systematic review of contemporary data
Authors: Glassford Neil J , Eastwood Glenn M , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFluid bolus therapy (FBT) is a standard of care in the management of the septic, hypotensive, tachycardic and/or oliguric patient. However, contemporary evidence for FBT improving patient-centred outcomes is scant. Moreover, its physiological effects in contemporary ICU environments and populations are poorly understood. Using three electronic databases, we identified all studies describing FBT between January 2010 and December 2013. We found 33 studies describing 41 boluses. No randomised controlled trials compared FBT with alternative interventions, such as vasopressors. The median fluid bolus was 500 ml (range 100 to 1,000 ml) administered over 30 minutes (range 10 to 60 minutes) and the most commonly administered fluid was 0.9% sodium chloride solution. In 19 studies, a predetermined physiological trigger initiated FBT. Although 17 studies describe the temporal course of physiological changes after FBT in 31 patient groups, only three studies describe the physiological changes at 60 minutes, and only one study beyond this point. No studies related the physiological changes after FBT with clinically relevant outcomes. There is a clear need for at least obtaining randomised controlled evidence for the physiological effects of FBT in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock beyond the period immediately after its administration.‘Just as water retains no shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions’Sun Tzu (‘The Art of War’)
Novel heteroaryl phosphonicdiamides PTPs inhibitors as anti-hyperglycemic agents
Authors: Sekhar Kuruva Chandra , Syed Rasheed , Golla Madhava , MV Jyothi Kumar , Yellapu Nanda Kumar , Chippada Appa Rao , Chamarthi Naga Raju 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Chronic and oral administration of benzylamine improves glucose tolerance. Picolylamine is a selective functional antagonist of the human adenosine A2B receptor. Phosphonic diamide derivatives enhance the cellular permeability and in turn their biological activities.

Methods
A series of heteroaryl phosphonicdiamide derivatives were designed as therapeutics to control and manage type2 diabetes. Initially defined Lipinski parameters encouraged them as safer drugs. Molecular docking of these compounds against Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), the potential therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes, revealed their potential binding ability explaining their anti-diabetic activity in terms of PTP inhibition. Human intestinal absorption, Caco-2 cell permeability, MDCK cell permeability, BBB penetration, skin permeability and plasma protein binding abilities of the title compounds were calculated by PreADMET server. A convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of title compounds through the formation of 1-ethoxy-N,N’-bis(4-fluorobenzyl/pyridin-3-ylmethyl)phosphinediamine by the reaction of 4-fluorobenzylamine/ 3-picolylamine with ethyldichlorophosphite, subsequently reacted with heteroaryl halides using lanthanum(III) chloride as a catalyst.

Results
All the compounds exhibited significant in vitro anti-oxidant activity and in vivo evaluation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models revealed that the normal glycemic levels were observed on 12th day by 9a and 20th day by 5b, 5c, 9e and 9f. The remaining compounds also exhibited normal glycemic levels by 25th day.

Conclusion
The results from molecular modeling, in vitro and in vivo studies are suggesting them as safer and effective therapeutic agents against type2 diabetes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Estimation of flood environmental effects using flood zone mapping techniques in Halilrood Kerman, Iran
Authors: Boudaghpour Siamak , Bagheri Majid , Bagheri Zahra 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
High flood occurrences with large environmental damages have a growing trend in Iran. Dynamic movements of water during a flood cause different environmental damages in geographical areas with different characteristics such as topographic conditions. In general, environmental effects and damages caused by a flood in an area can be investigated from different points of view. The current essay is aiming at detecting environmental effects of flood occurrences in Halilrood catchment area of Kerman province in Iran using flood zone mapping techniques. The intended flood zone map was introduced in four steps. Steps 1 to 3 pave the way to calculate and estimate flood zone map in the understudy area while step 4 determines the estimation of environmental effects of flood occurrence. Based on our studies, wide range of accuracy for estimating the environmental effects of flood occurrence was introduced by using of flood zone mapping techniques. Moreover, it was identified that the existence of Jiroft dam in the study area can decrease flood zone from 260 hectares to 225 hectares and also it can decrease 20% of flood peak intensity. As a result, 14% of flood zone in the study area can be saved environmentally.
Acute upregulation of hedgehog signaling in mice causes differential effects on cranial morphology
Authors: Singh Nandini , Dutka Tara , Devenney Benjamin M. , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Reeves Roger H. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHedgehog (HH) signaling, and particularly signaling by sonic hedgehog (SHH), is implicated in several essential activities during morphogenesis, and its misexpression causes a number of developmental disorders in humans. In particular, a reduced mitogenic response of cerebellar granule cell precursors to SHH signaling in a mouse model for Down syndrome (DS), Ts65Dn, is substantially responsible for reduced cerebellar size. A single treatment of newborn trisomic mice with an agonist of the SHH pathway (SAG) normalizes cerebellar morphology and restores some cognitive deficits, suggesting a possible therapeutic application of SAG for treating the cognitive impairments of DS. Although the beneficial effects on the cerebellum are compelling, inappropriate activation of the HH pathway causes anomalies elsewhere in the head, particularly in the formation and patterning of the craniofacial skeleton. To determine whether an acute treatment of SAG has an effect on craniofacial morphology, we quantitatively analyzed the cranial form of adult euploid and Ts65Dn mice that were injected with either SAG or vehicle at birth. We found significant deformation of adult craniofacial shape in some animals that had received SAG at birth. The most pronounced differences between the treated and untreated mice were in the midline structures of the facial skeleton. The SAG-driven craniofacial dysmorphogenesis was dose-dependent and possibly incompletely penetrant at lower concentrations. Our findings illustrate that activation of HH signaling, even with an acute postnatal stimulation, can lead to localized dysmorphology of the skull by generating modular shape changes in the facial skeleton. These observations have important implications for translating HH-agonist-based treatments for DS.
In vitro treatment of HepG2 cells with saturated fatty acids reproduces mitochondrial dysfunction found in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: García-Ruiz Inmaculada , Solís-Muñoz Pablo , Fernández-Moreira Daniel , Muñoz-Yagüe Teresa , Solís-Herruzo José A 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Activity of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is decreased in patients and mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nitro-oxidative stress seems to be involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether fatty acids are implicated in the pathogenesis of this mitochondrial defect. In HepG2 cells, we analyzed the effect of saturated (palmitic and stearic acids) and monounsaturated (oleic acid) fatty acids on the OXPHOS activity, OXPHOS complexes and their subunits, gene expression and half-life of OXPHOS complexes, nitro-oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase gene expression and activity. We also studied the effects of inhibiting or silencing NADPH oxidase on the palmitic acid-induced nitro-oxidative stress and OXPHOS inhibition. Exposure of cultured HepG2 to saturated fatty acids resulted in a significant decrease in the OXPHOS activity. This effect was prevented in the presence of a mimic of manganese superoxide dismutase. Palmitic acid reduced fully assembled OXPHOS complexes and the amount of complex subunits. This reduction was due mainly to an accelerated degradation of these subunits, which was associated with a 3-tyrosine nitration of mitochondrial proteins. Pretreatment of cells with uric acid, an antiperoxynitrite agent, prevented protein degradation induced by palmitic acid. A reduced gene expression also contributed to decrease mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits. Saturated fatty acids induced oxidative stress and caused mtDNA oxidative damage. This effect was prevented by inhibiting NADPH oxidase. These acids activated NADPH oxidase gene expression and increased NADPH oxidase activity. Silencing this oxidase abrogated totally the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on OXPHOS complex activity. We conclude that saturated fatty acids caused nitro-oxidative stress, reduced OXPHOS complex half-life and activity, and decreased gene expression of mtDNA-encoded subunits. These effects were mediated by activation of NADPH oxidase. That is, these acids reproduced mitochondrial dysfunction found in human and animal with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Intramolecular Stabilization of the Phosphine Radical Cation by the Second Phosphorus Atom during the Photooxidation of Diphosphines: 31P NMR Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Diphosphines, Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6), were photolyzed by a xenon lamp in air. The 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction showed that 1 is oxidized, according to first-order kinetics, to the monoxide, which is further oxidized to the dioxide. The dependence of the rate constants for the first oxidation on the chain-length n in 1 is interpreted in terms of the orientation of the p-orbitals on the two phosphorus atoms in the intermediate, the diphosphine radical cation.
Synthesis and G-Quadruplex-binding Properties of Cationic Platinum(II) Terpyridine Complexes Containing σ-Alkynyl Auxiliaries
Authors: Ou Zhize , Feng Zhao , Liu Guixia , Chen Yongjie , Gao Yunyan , Li Yi , Wang Xuesong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The cationic alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes show high affinity (Ka &gt; 107 M−1) and reasonable selectivity for telomeric and c-myc G-quadruplexes over duplex DNA. In the absence of alkali cations, these Pt(II) complexes can promote the formation and stabilization of G-quadruplexes. The cytotoxicity of complexes 2 and 3 against the A549 cancer cell line is ca. 25-fold and 35-fold higher than that of cisplatin, respectively.
Maltopentaose-conjugated Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer: Precision Synthesis through RAFT Polymerization of N,N-Diethylacrylamide
Authors: Togashi Daichi , Otsuka Issei , Borsali Redouane , Kawaguchi Seigou , Narumi Atsushi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A strategy to directly prepare maltopentaose-block-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide), Mal5-block-PDEAA, based on the reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique as a metal-free process is described. Mal5-block-PDEAA generated stable nanoaggregates in water with an average hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of 109 nm by heating to around the human body temperature; thus, the present strategy is useful for the preparation of polymers for biomedical applications.
Thermal Behavior of Amphiphilic Calix[4]resorcinarene in the Presence of Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamagishi Tada-aki , Nakazumi Yoshihiro , Tsukamoto Masaya , Ogoshi Tomoki , Yoshimura Yukio 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We have reported the interaction between the amphiphilic calix[4]resorcinarene CR(10) and silica nanoparticles by the analysis of the hydrogen bonding and melting behavior of CR(10). Amphiphilic CR(10) readily formed an aggregation state with a micro-phase-separation structure, and was possible to show higher thermal stability in the presence of silica nanoparticles.
One-step Electronic Monitoring of Tetracycline Residue within 5 min Based on the Competitive Displacement Reaction between the Antigen and Pseudo Hapten for the Target Antibody
Authors: Lou Fangming , Li Qunfang , Tang Dianping 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A simple and sensitive electrochemical immunosensing protocol was developed for the fast screening of tetracycline residue, within 5 min, based on the competitive-type displacement reaction between the antigen and pseudo hapten for the antibody.
Iron-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Lithium Alkynylborates
Authors: Nakagawa Naohisa , Hatakeyama Takuji , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl halides and lithium alkynylborates was performed using an iron–bisphosphine catalyst. The reaction shows high chemoselectivity and is applicable to a broad scope of substrates bearing electrophilic functional groups. A radical probe experiment using cyclopropylmethyl bromide was conducted to investigate the nature of the intermediate in the reaction, showing that an alkyl radical species is generated from the alkyl halide substrate.
Nurses' knowledge and practice regarding implantable cardiac devices in Egypt
Authors: Ali Nahla Shaaban , Youssef Warda , Mohamed Abdo , Hussein Ali 
Published: December 2014

Background Patients with implanted cardiac devices constitute a growing segment of contemporary health practice. Nurses have a unique role providing care in hospitals, long-term health care, education and psychological support to these patients. Aim To assess critical care nurses' knowledge and practice regarding implantable cardiac devices. Research design A descriptive exploratory design used the following research questions: (a) What is the nurses' knowledge level regarding implantable cardiac devices? (b) How do nurses manage patients with implantable cardiac devices? Setting At selected critical and coronary care units in Egypt. Sample A convenience sample of 40 nurses with a minimum 1 year of experience was included in the study. Tools for data collection: Tool 1: background data that included gender, age, educational level, area of work and years of experience. Tool 2: questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge regarding implantable cardiac devices. Tool 3: implantable cardiac devices observational checklist to assess nurses' practice when caring for patients who are being fitted with implantable cardiac devices. Results The current findings revealed that nurses have low knowledge and practice scores and no significant correlations existed between gender, age, years of experience, and their level of knowledge and practice, except negative correlation which existed between practice and years of experience regarding implantable cardiac devices. Conclusion Critical care nurses have inadequate knowledge and practice regarding implantable cardiac devices. Recommendations Replication of this study on a larger probability sample from the different geographical locations of the Arab Republic of Egypt and further research to explore why nurses do not have the knowledge or skills regarding implantable cardiac devices.
Don't drink and nurse: alcohol abuse in nursing
Authors: Castledine George 
Published: December 2014

Drinking alcohol on duty, or before going on duty, is not an offence but it may lead to professional misconduct. The UKCC states that the nurse should act: ‘… at all times, in such a manner as to: serve the interests of society; justify pu blic trust and confidence; and uphold and enhance the good standing and repu ta tion of the profession’ (UKCC, 1992).