bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and properties of liquid CO2 at high pressure and high temperature: Implications for electrical conductivities in Earth's lower mantle
Authors: Wu Min , Tse John S. , Pan Yuanming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2), one of the most important planetary materials, has been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, the stabilities and properties of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures relevant to Earth's mantle and core remain controversial. We have studied the molten structures of CO2‐V with first‐principles molecular dynamic calculations at 60 GPa and different temperatures. The formation of oxygen molecules in the melt is consistent with experimental observations. In particular, the melting transition is accompanying by metallization. The metallic behavior is shown to originate from electron delocalization between oxygen via the overlap of the π orbitals from the dissociated oxygen‐rich species. Metallic molten CO2 is a potential candidate to explain the high conductivities of the Earth's lower mantle. Furthermore, theoretical results do not support the existence of the proposed ionic solid phase of CO2 at high temperature and high pressure.
Global modeling of ULF waves at Mercury
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hwa , Johnson Jay R. , Valeo Ernest , Phillips Cynthia K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractULF waves in the ion cyclotron frequency range waves are regularly observed at Mercury's magnetosphere. Although previous statistical studies have shown that ULF waves are primarily compressional near the equator and transverse with linear polarization at higher latitude, the underlying reason for this distribution of wave polarization has not been understood. In order to address this key question, we have developed a two‐dimensional, finite element code that solves the full wave equations in global magnetospheric geometry. Using this code, we show that (1) efficient mode conversion from the fast compressional waves to the ion‐ion hybrid resonance occurs at Mercury consistent with previous calculations; (2) such mode‐converted waves globally oscillate similar to field line resonance at Earth; and (3) compressional wave energy is primarily localized near the equator, while field‐aligned transverse, linearly polarized waves generated by mode conversion at the ion‐ion hybrid resonance radiate to higher latitude. Based on these wave solutions, we suggest that the strong transverse component of observed ULF waves at Mercury in high magnetic latitude can be explained as excitation of the field line resonant waves at the ion‐ion hybrid resonance.
Global Biomass Information: From Data Generation to Application
Authors: Schepaschenko Dmitry , Kraxner Florian , See Linda , Fuss Sabine , McCallum Ian , Fritz Steffen , Perger Christoph , Shvidenko Anatoly , Kindermann Georg , Frank Stefan , Tum Markus , Schmid Erwin , Balkovič Juraj , Günther Kurt 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTerrestrial biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and the climate. It is also a critical input for carbon budgeting, the development of climate change mitigation policies, and for many other applications such as renewable energy assessment. In recent years, many different biomass data sets have been produced using a wide range of methods—from pure remote sensing to the collection of field measurements. This article discusses the range of biomass data sets available and how the Biomass Geo‐Wiki tool represents one potential solution for improving the current information on global biomass. The article then provides examples of biophysical and economic modeling of biomass, with an overview of the most recent estimates of biomass energy potentials in the forestry and the agricultural sectors produced by these models. Uncertainty in these estimates is discussed followed by new and ongoing developments that may help improve our measurement and representation of biomass in the future.
Mantle cell lymphoma: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and clinical management
Authors: Vose Julie M. 
Published: June 2015

Disease Overview: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, blood and bone marrow with a short remission duration to standard therapies and a median overall survival (OS) of 4‐5 years.Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on lymph node, bone marrow, or tissue morphology of centrocytic lymphocytes, small cell type, or blastoid variant cells. A chromosomal translocation t (11:14) is the molecular hallmark of MCL, resulting in the overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 is detected by immunohistochemistry in 98% of cases. The absence of SOX‐11 or a low Ki‐67 may correlate with a more indolent form of MCL. The differential diagnosis of MCL includes small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.Risk Stratification: The MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) is the prognostic model most often used and incorporates ECOG performance status, age, leukocyte count, and lactic dehydrogenase. A modification of the MIPI also adds the Ki‐67 proliferative index if available. The median OS for the low‐risk group was not reached (5‐year OS of 60%). The median OS for the intermediate risk group was 51 months and 29 months for the high risk group.Risk‐Adapted Therapy: For selected indolent, low MIPI MCL patients, initial observation may be appropriate therapy. For younger patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI MCL, aggressive therapy with a cytotoxic regimen ± autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered. For older MCL patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI, combination chemotherapy with R‐CHOP, R‐Bendamustine, or a clinical trial should be considered. In addition, rituximab maintenance therapy may prolong the progression‐free survival. At the time of relapse, agents directed at activated pathways in MCL cells such as bortezomib (NFkB inhibitor), lenalidamide (anti‐angiogenesis) and Ibruitinib (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase [BTK] inhibitor) have demonstrated excellent clinical activity in MCL patients. Autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation can also be considered in young patients. Clinical trials with novel agents are always a consideration for MCL patients. Am. J. Hematol. 90:740–745, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formstabile, sterisch überfrachtete Sternmesogene – von ungewöhnlichen kolumnaren Dimerstapeln zu Supermesogenen
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Maier Philipp 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHexasubstituierte C3‐symmetrische Benzolderivate mit drei Oligophenylenvinylen‐Armen und drei Pyridyl‐ oder Phenyl‐Substituenten sind formtreue, im Zentrum sterisch überfrachtete Sternmesogene. Solche Molekülstrukturen weisen große Zwischenräume zwischen ihren Armen auf, die in kondensierten Phasen gefüllt werden müssen. Die reinen Materialien erreichen dies durch ungewöhnliche Dimerbildung und kurzreichweitige helikale Packung in kolumnaren Mesophasen. Für die Pyridylverbindung ist die Mesophase thermodynamisch stabil. Nur dieses Derivat bildet durch Zumischen von unterschiedlichen Carbonsäuren gefüllte, sternförmige Supermesogene. Diese packen nicht mehr als Dimere, sondern als Monomere in kolumnaren Stapeln. Da die Gäste in einer solchen Flüssigkristallphase (LC‐Phase) vollständig umschlossen sind, kann man die Wirtmesogene auch als neuartige LC‐Endorezeptoren bezeichnen, die zukünftig das Design von kolumnaren funktionalen Strukturen ermöglichen werden.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α‐Amino Ketones by Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Huwig Kai , Schultz Katharina , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChiral α‐amino ketones are excellent nucleophiles for stereoselective palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylations. Both chiral as well as achiral allylic substrates can be applied, while the stereochemical outcome of the reaction is controlled by the chiral ketone enolate. The substituted amino ketones formed can be reduced stereoselectively, and up to five consecutive stereogenic centers can be obtained. This approach can be used for the synthesis of highly substituted piperidine derivatives.
Total Synthesis of Proposed Structure of Yuremamine and All Diastereomers Using [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of Platinum‐Containing Azomethine Ylide
Authors: Ohyama Tomoya , Uchida Masako , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTotal synthesis of the proposed structure of yuremamine has been achieved for the first time based on the intermolecular [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of the platinum‐containing azomethine ylide. All the possible diastereomers of yuremamine were also synthesized via the common intermediate. Through these syntheses, it was confirmed that the proposed structure of yuremamine and the diastereomers differ from the natural product.
Optimizing eukaryotic cell hosts for protein production through systems biotechnology and genome‐scale modeling
Authors: Gutierrez Jahir M. , Lewis Nathan E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEukaryotic cell lines, including Chinese hamster ovary cells, yeast, and insect cells, are invaluable hosts for the production of many recombinant proteins. With the advent of genomic resources, one can now leverage genome‐scale computational modeling of cellular pathways to rationally engineer eukaryotic host cells. Genome‐scale models of metabolism include all known biochemical reactions occurring in a specific cell. By describing these mathematically and using tools such as flux balance analysis, the models can simulate cell physiology and provide targets for cell engineering that could lead to enhanced cell viability, titer, and productivity. Here we review examples in which metabolic models in eukaryotic cell cultures have been used to rationally select targets for genetic modification, improve cellular metabolic capabilities, design media supplementation, and interpret high‐throughput omics data. As more comprehensive models of metabolism and other cellular processes are developed for eukaryotic cell culture, these will enable further exciting developments in cell line engineering, thus accelerating recombinant protein production and biotechnology in the years to come.
Efficacy of treatment of edge stenosis of endografts inserted for superficial femoral artery stenotic disease
Authors: Golchehr Bahar , Holewijn Suzanne , Kruse Rombout R. , van Walraven Laurens A. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Reijnen Michel M.P.J. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe role of endografts in the treatment of extensive superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease is enlarging. Results are limited by the occurrence of edge stenosis. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of treatment of edge stenosis of endografts inserted for SFA occlusive disease.MethodsAll patients, treated between November 2001 and December 2011, with a self‐expandable polytetrafluoroethylene‐endograft were gathered in a prospective database in three hospitals. The incidence of primary edge stenosis and the incidence of re‐edge stenosis after treatment were retrospectively noted and a comparison was made between the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and extension of the endograft.ResultsA total of 88 patients presented with 115 edge stenoses, of which the majority presented within 1 year after insertion of the endograft (mean time to edge stenosis 10.7 ± 8.2 months). Seventy‐three stenoses (63%) manifested at the proximal and 42 at the distal edge (37%). The 1‐year incidence of restenosis and/or occlusion was 45% after PTA and 43% after endograft extension, with 1‐year patency rates of 81% and 92%, respectively. The incidence of restenosis/occlusion after treatment with PTA was 12% higher at two years compared to extension of the endograft (55% vs. 43%, respectively).ConclusionEdge stenosis may well be treated with either PTA or extension of the endograft. The incidence of restenosis and/or occlusion after both PTA and extension is high, but patency rates are acceptable. Aggressive surveillance is needed during the first year after insertion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of blood pressure response: Obesity is associated with a less pronounced treatment response after renal denervation
Authors: Id Dani , Bertog Stefan C. , Ziegler Ann‐Kathrin , Hornung Marius , Hofmann Ilona , Vaskelyte Laura , Matic Predrag , Gafoor Sameer , Sievert Horst 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify predictors of BP response.BackgroundCatheter‐based renal denervation (RDN) causes significant blood pressure (BP) reductions in a large number of patients with resistant hypertension.MethodsOne hundred one consecutive patients with resistant hypertension who underwent RDN with the Symplicity™ catheter were included in this retrospective study. Primary endpoint was the change in office systolic BP after 6 months. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to detect baseline predictors of a significant BP response 6 months after RDN (age, gender, office and ambulatory BP, renal function, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive medication, number of ablations).ResultsThe procedure was technically uneventful in all patients. Mean BP at baseline was 166.6/90.2 ± 22.5/16.4 mmHg and decreased by −14.7 (P < 0.0001)/−5.3 (P < 0.001) ± 22.8/14.1 mm Hg at 6‐month follow‐up. Similarly, paired analysis of 24‐hr‐ambulatory BP measurement (n = 71) showed a significant reduction of mean systolic BP by 6.8 ± 14.4 mm Hg (P < 0.0002). Upon univariate analyses, a higher baseline office systolic BP (P < 0.0001) and lower BMI (P = 0.014) were identified as significant predictors of the magnitude of BP response after 6 months. Importantly, on multivariate analysis, baseline office systolic BP (standardized ß = −0.46; r = −0.47; P < 0.0001) and BMI (standardized ß = 0.21; r = 0.95; P = 0.019) remained significant.ConclusionBlood pressure reductions after RDN were more pronounced in patients with higher baseline blood pressure and lower BMI. These findings may have implications regarding patient selection for renal denervation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear correlation between the number of olfactory sensory neurons expressing a given mouse odorant receptor gene and the total volume of the corresponding glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Bressel Olaf Christian , Khan Mona , Mombaerts Peter 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTChemosensory specificity in the main olfactory system of the mouse relies on the expression of ∼1,100 odorant receptor (OR) genes across millions of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), and on the coalescence of OSN axons into ∼3,600 glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. A traditional approach for visualizing OSNs and their axons consists of tagging an OR gene genetically with an axonal marker that is cotranslated with the OR by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Here we report full cell counts for 15 gene‐targeted strains of the OR‐IRES‐marker design coexpressing a fluorescent protein. These strains represent 11 targeted OR genes, a 1% sample of the OR gene repertoire. We took an empirical, “count every cell” strategy: we counted all fluorescent cell profiles with a nuclear profile within the cytoplasm, on all serial coronal sections under a confocal microscope, a total of 685,673 cells in 56 mice at postnatal day 21. We then applied a strain‐specific Abercrombie correction to these OSN counts in order to obtain a closer approximation of the true OSN numbers. We found a 17‐fold range in the average (corrected) OSN number across these 11 OR genes. In the same series of coronal sections, we then determined the total volume of the glomeruli (TGV) formed by coalescence of the fluorescent axons. We found a strong linear correlation between OSN number and TGV, suggesting that TGV can be used as a surrogate measurement for estimating OSN numbers in these gene‐targeted strains. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:199–209, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A poroelastic model coupled to a fluid network with applications in lung modelling
Authors: Berger Lorenz , Bordas Rafel , Burrowes Kelly , Grau Vicente , Tavener Simon , Kay David 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe develop a lung ventilation model based on a continuum poroelastic representation of lung parenchyma that is strongly coupled to a pipe network representation of the airway tree. The continuous system of equations is discretized using a low‐order stabilised finite element method. The framework is applied to a realistic lung anatomical model derived from computed tomography data and an artificially generated airway tree to model the conducting airway region. Numerical simulations produce physiologically realistic solutions and demonstrate the effect of airway constriction and reduced tissue elasticity on ventilation, tissue stress and alveolar pressure distribution. The key advantage of the model is the ability to provide insight into the mutual dependence between ventilation and deformation. This is essential when studying lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus the model can be used to form a better understanding of integrated lung mechanics in both the healthy and diseased states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Nanoscale Thread of MnSn(OH)6 Crystallite with Liquid‐like Behavior and its Application in Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Peipei , Zheng Yaping , Yang Ruilu , Fan Wendi , Wang Nan , Zhang Aibo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe reported a solvent‐free nanofluid based on MnSn(OH)6 crystallite with thread‐like morphology through sulfuric‐acid‐terminated organosilanes as corona and polyether amine as canopy. The resultant is characterized by various analytical techniques and shows excellent solubility, good dispersity, improved processability and fluidity at room temperature in the absence of any solvents, which offer great potential in applications such as plasticizers with effects of toughening and reinforcement in nanocomposites. In addition, as a kind of plasticizer, it can also improve the Tg of its nanocomposites. These advantages of the flexible nanoscale thread of MnSn(OH)6 crystallite make it can be easily applied on the fabrication of high performance of nanocomposites.
An Electron Dynamics Mechanism of Charge Separation in the Initial‐Stage Dynamics of Photoinduced Water Splitting in XMnWater (X=OH, OCaH) and Electron–Proton Acceptors
Authors: Yamamoto Kentaro , Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn electron dynamics mechanism of charge separation in the initial stage of excited‐state reactions of the class of XMnOH2⋅⋅⋅A${ \to }$XMnOH⋅⋅⋅HA (X=OH or OCaH; A=N‐methylformamidine, guanidine, imidazole, or ammonia cluster) is reported. The dynamic effect of calcium doping is also revealed. This study provides a novel factor to be considered in designing efficient systems for photoinduced water splitting.
Processes forming Gas, Tar, and Coke in Cellulose Gasification from Gas‐Phase Reactions of Levoglucosan as Intermediate
Authors: Fukutome Asuka , Kawamoto Haruo , Saka Shiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe gas‐phase pyrolysis of levoglucosan (LG), the major intermediate species during cellulose gasification, was studied experimentally over the temperature range of 400–900 °C. Gaseous LG did not produce any dehydration products, which include coke, furans, and aromatic substances, although these are characteristic products of the pyrolysis of molten LG. Alternatively, at >500 °C, gaseous LG produced only fragmentation products, such as noncondensable gases and condensable C1–C3 fragments, as intermediates during noncondensable gas formation. Therefore, it was determined that secondary reactions of gaseous LG can result in the clean (tar‐ and coke‐free) gasification of cellulose. Cooling of the remaining LG in the gas phase caused coke formation by the transition of the LG to the molten state. The molecular mechanisms that govern the gas‐ and molten‐phase reactions of LG are discussed in terms of the acid catalyst effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding to promote the molten‐phase dehydration reactions.
Fifteen years of external quality assessment in leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping in The Netherlands and Belgium: A way forward
Authors: Preijers Frank W. M. B. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Preijers Tim , Brooimans Rik A. , Marijt Erik , Homburg Christa , van Montfort Kees , Gratama Jan W. ,   on behalf of the Section Immunological and Molecular Cell Diagnostics of the Foundation for Quality Assessment in Medical Laboratories(SKML)
Published: June 2015

In 1985, external quality assurance was initiated in the Netherlands to reduce the between‐laboratory variability of leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping and to improve diagnostic conclusions. This program consisted of regular distributions of test samples followed by biannual plenary participant meetings in which results were presented and discussed. A scoring system was developed in which the quality of results was rated by systematically reviewing the pre‐analytical, analytical, and post‐analytical assay stages using three scores, i.e., correct (A), minor fault (B), and major fault (C). Here, we report on 90 consecutive samples distributed to 40–61 participating laboratories between 1998 and 2012. Most samples contained >20% aberrant cells, mainly selected from mature lymphoid malignancies (B or T cell) and acute leukemias (myeloid or lymphoblastic). In 2002, minimally required monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels were introduced, whilst methodological guidelines for all three assay stages were implemented.Retrospectively, we divided the study into subsequent periods of 4 (“initial”), 4 (“learning”), and 7 years (“consolidation”) to detect “learning effects.” Uni‐ and multivariate models showed that analytical performance declined since 2002, but that post‐analytical performance improved during the entire period. These results emphasized the need to improve technical aspects of the assay, and reflected improved interpretational skills of the participants. A strong effect of participant affiliation in all three assay stages was observed: laboratories in academic and large peripheral hospitals performed significantly better than those in small hospitals. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Smartphone‐based activity recognition independent of device orientation and placement
Authors: Guo Haodong , Chen Ling , Chen Gencai , Lv Mingqi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryTraditional activity recognition methods based on accelerometers generally assume that the orientation and placement of sensing devices are fixed. However, the orientation and placement of smartphones, the most widely used sensing devices, usually cannot be controlled in daily lives. As a result, the activity recognition performance would be greatly affected. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a smartphone‐based activity recognition method, which is independent of device orientation and placement. First, the original 3D acceleration signals are mapped into a uniform reference coordinate system. Then, we apply multi‐dimensional motif discovery techniques for the smartphone‐based activity recognition problem. Experimental results show that our method can achieve better performance (with 85.2% precision and 82.9% recall) than other methods under the condition of unfixed orientation and placement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.