bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connection Before Correction: Supporting Parents to Meet the Challenges of Parenting Children who have been Traumatised within their Early Parenting Environments
Authors: Golding Kim S. 
Published: May 2015

This paper is based on a presentation I gave to the Childhood Trauma Conference in Melbourne, Australia, August 2014.Children traumatised within their biological families are described as children who have experienced complex trauma, also called developmental trauma because of the profound impact it has on their development. These children present a range of challenging behaviours within their foster or adoptive families. They respond less well to traditional behavioural management and benefit more from regulatory and relationship-based parenting. This is parenting that focuses on helping the children to regulate their emotional experience through the emotional connection between parent and child before attention is given to the behaviour. Developmentally traumatised children have a foundation of mistrust of parents and thus experience management of behaviour as signs that they are going to be hurt or rejected again. These children need parents who can connect with the child's experience before, or when appropriate instead of, discipline. This is described here as ‘connection before correction’. Correction in this context means helping children to develop pro-social behaviours and to find safe ways to express intense emotional experience. This paper explores the difficulties that the children can experience living in families; how this is expressed through behaviours, and how parents can connect in ways that promote the building of trust and allows successful management of their behaviour.
Lip Ornaments and the Domestication of Trade Goods: Fashion in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Central East Africa
Authors: Seligman Andrea Felber 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article presents a history of sixteenth and seventeenth century central East African efforts to define elements of a regional fashion aesthetic, one supplied by their engaged participation in wider African and Indian Ocean world economies. I investigate regional artisanal economies in the central East African mainland, looking specifically at communities in what is now southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique and their uses of one of the most “exoticized” elements of their fashion: lip ornaments often called lip-plugs. Close readings of sixteenth and seventeenth century Portuguese accounts and historical linguistics evidence reveals a new history of developing regional fashion trends. Such a history underscores the importance of regional consumers and artisanal experts in shaping wider East African precolonial economies.
Early sealing regimes: the Bering Sea fur seal regimevis-à-visFinnish–Soviet fishing and sealing agreements
Authors: Sellheim Nikolas 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEnvironmental management had its early stages in the early years of the 20th century. This note contrasts the different regimes that emerged with regard to the management of seals and the seal hunt: the well-researched Bering Sea regime and the little known regimes between Finland and the Soviet Union. While the former shaped and already embedded principles of modern environmental law and has the seal population as its primary focus, the latter agreements did not make reference to the environmental dimension of the seal hunt, but must be read against the backdrop of the difficult border situations between the two countries.
DRAM-3 modulates autophagy and promotes cell survival in the absence of glucose
Authors: Mrschtik M , O'Prey J , Lao L Y , Long J S , Beaumatin F , Strachan D , O'Prey M , Skommer J , Ryan K M 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Macroautophagy is a membrane-trafficking process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes for degradation. The process operates under basal conditions as a mechanism to turnover damaged or misfolded proteins and organelles. As a result, it has a major role in preserving cellular integrity and viability. In addition to this basal function, macroautophagy can also be modulated in response to various forms of cellular stress, and the rate and cargoes of macroautophagy can be tailored to facilitate appropriate cellular responses in particular situations. The macroautophagy machinery is regulated by a group of evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and by several other autophagy regulators, which either have tissue-restricted expression or operate in specific contexts. We report here the characterization of a novel autophagy regulator that we have termed DRAM-3 due to its significant homology to damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM-1). DRAM-3 is expressed in a broad spectrum of normal tissues and tumor cells, but different from DRAM-1, DRAM-3 is not induced by p53 or DNA-damaging agents. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that DRAM-3 localizes to lysosomes/autolysosomes, endosomes and the plasma membrane, but not the endoplasmic reticulum, phagophores, autophagosomes or Golgi, indicating significant overlap with DRAM-1 localization and with organelles associated with macroautophagy. In this regard, we further proceed to show that DRAM-3 expression causes accumulation of autophagosomes under basal conditions and enhances autophagic flux. Reciprocally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of DRAM-3 impairs autophagic flux confirming that DRAM-3 is a modulator of macroautophagy. As macroautophagy can be cytoprotective under starvation conditions, we also tested whether DRAM-3 could promote survival on nutrient deprivation. This revealed that DRAM-3 can repress cell death and promote long-term clonogenic survival of cells grown in the absence of glucose. Interestingly, however, this effect is macroautophagy-independent. In summary, these findings constitute the primary characterization of DRAM-3 as a modulator of both macroautophagy and cell survival under starvation conditions.
Contrasting taxonomic stratification of microbial communities in two hypersaline meromictic lakes
Authors: Andrei Adrian-Ştefan , Robeson Michael S , Baricz Andreea , Coman Cristian , Muntean Vasile , Ionescu Artur , Etiope Giuseppe , Alexe Mircea , Sicora Cosmin Ionel , Podar Mircea , Banciu Horia Leonard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Hypersaline meromictic lakes are extreme environments in which water stratification is associated with powerful physicochemical gradients and high salt concentrations. Furthermore, their physical stability coupled with vertical water column partitioning makes them important research model systems in microbial niche differentiation and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we compare the prokaryotic assemblages from Ursu and Fara Fund hypersaline meromictic lakes (Transylvanian Basin, Romania) in relation to their limnological factors and infer their role in elemental cycling by matching taxa to known taxon-specific biogeochemical functions. To assess the composition and structure of prokaryotic communities and the environmental factors that structure them, deep-coverage small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rDNA) amplicon sequencing, community domain-specific quantitative PCR and physicochemical analyses were performed on samples collected along depth profiles. The analyses showed that the lakes harbored multiple and diverse prokaryotic communities whose distribution mirrored the water stratification patterns. Ursu Lake was found to be dominated by Bacteria and to have a greater prokaryotic diversity than Fara Fund Lake that harbored an increased cell density and was populated mostly by Archaea within oxic strata. In spite of their contrasting diversity, the microbial populations indigenous to each lake pointed to similar physiological functions within carbon degradation and sulfate reduction. Furthermore, the taxonomy results coupled with methane detection and its stable C isotope composition indicated the presence of a yet-undescribed methanogenic group in the lakes’ hypersaline monimolimnion. In addition, ultrasmall uncultivated archaeal lineages were detected in the chemocline of Fara Fund Lake, where the recently proposed Nanohaloarchaeota phylum was found to thrive.
Suppressed back‐lobe substrate‐integrated waveguide slot array antenna for X‐band
Authors: Karami M. , Sadeghzadeh R.A. , Noferesti M. , Chegeni M. 
Published: May 2015

Utilising an array that is constructed by combining short‐ended stubs and microstrip lines, a planar‐choke structure is presented. By locating the proposed chock structure on the bottom of the substrate‐integrated waveguide slot array antenna, undesired spillover current and edge diffractions are removed. Measurement result show that in the operational bandwidth the backward radiation is reduced by more than 20 dB and the side‐lobe level is improved by 5 dB without degrading of the antenna's electrical performance.
Discharge Planning After Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Gentil Luana Llagostera Sillano , Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira 
Published: May 2015

Background:
In-hospital education and discharge planning contribute to recovery after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify differences in perception of the importance of discharge instructions between a sample of adult patients after CABG and health experts responsible for their care.

Methods:
Thirty-five first-time CABG adult patients and 8 multidisciplinary experts rated a 46-item questionnaire of discharge education themes on a 3-point scale. Items were classified as most important if rated as “very important” by more than 85% of the participants in each group.

Results:
Of the 31 items considered most important (reaching the 85% approval criteria), agreement between groups was reached for 15 (48%), whereas 11 (35%) items were selected only by the patients and 5 (16%) were selected only by the experts.

Conclusions:
The authors of this study demonstrate a difference in perception between patients and health experts regarding the importance of various discharge instructions. Better understanding areas of patient concern may improve discharge routines.
Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety in Samples of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Easton Katherine , Coventry Peter , Lovell Karina , Carter Lesley-Anne , Deaton Christi 
Published: May 2015

Objectives:
Rates of anxiety in patients with heart failure (HF) vary widely, and not all assessment instruments used in this patient population are appropriate. It is timely to consolidate the evidence base and establish the prevalence and variance of anxiety in HF samples.

Methods:
A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to identify the prevalence, variance, and measurement of anxiety in patients with HF.

Results:
A total of 14,367 citations were identified, with 73 studies meeting inclusion criteria. A random effects pooled prevalence of 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.25%–16.86%) for anxiety disorders, 28.79% (95% CI, 23.30%–34.29) for probable clinically significant anxiety, and 55.5% (95% CI, 48.08%–62.83%) for elevated symptoms of anxiety was identified. Rates of anxiety were highest when measured using the Brief Symptom Scale-Anxiety scale (72.3%) and lowest when measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (6.3%).

Conclusion:
Many patients with HF would benefit if screened for anxiety and treated. The conceptualization and measurement of anxiety accounted for most variance in prevalence rates. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale appear to be the most appropriate instruments for this clinical population, with evidence to suggest they can discriminate between depression and anxiety, omit somatic items that may contaminate identification of anxiety in a population with physical comorbidities, and provide thresholds with which to differentiate patients and target treatments. Although there are limitations with the collation of diverse measurement methods, the current review provides researchers and clinicians with a more granular knowledge of prevalence estimates of anxiety in a population of HF patients.
Airway management techniques in a restricted-access situation: a manikin study
Authors: Jänig Christoph , Wenzel Julia , König Jochem , Piepho Tim 
Published: May 2015

Background
Access to patients can be restricted in emergency situations. A variety of techniques and devices are available for use in patients who require oxygenation in a restricted-access situation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is one ventilation technique that is superior to others.

Materials and methods
Fifty-four emergency medical services providers including emergency medical technicians, paramedics and physicians were asked to use a bag-valve mask (BVM), a laryngeal mask airway (LMA), and a laryngeal tube (LT) to ventilate a full-scale manikin sitting upright in the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle. Access to the manikin was gained through the side window and from the backseat.

Results
There were significant differences in time to first successful ventilation between the two approaches for access to the airway. The fastest median time to ventilation was obtained with the BVM (7 and 8 s), followed by the LT (13 and 14 s) and the LMA (15 s for both types of access). Overall success rates were 97.2% for the BVM, 96.3% for the LMA, and 100% for the LT. Most participants needed two attempts for each device. There were no significant differences between participants depending on the level of qualification or professional experience. The BVM was rated the lowest and the LT was rated the highest for ease of use.

Conclusion
Supraglottic airway devices appear to offer advantages in restricted-access situations.
Does partners’ differentiation of self predict dyadic adjustment?
Authors: Lampis Jessica 
Published: May 2015

The present study expands on Bowen's systemic multigenerational theory to analyse the role of individual trajectories of differentiation of self in perceived dyadic adjustment in a sample of 468 Italian participants. The research also explored which aspects of differentiation of self most strongly predicted dyadic adjustment in the total sample and in male and female subsamples. The various components of differentiation of self (emotional reactivity, emotional cut‐off, emotional fusion and I‐position) and dyadic adjustment levels were investigated using the revised differentiation of self inventory — revised, and the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS). The analysis revealed that the emotional cut‐off dimension was the strongest negative predictor of dyadic adjustment. The research focused on the importance of differentiation of self processes to achieving an understanding of couple dynamics in research and clinical practice.Practitioners points

Assessment of differentiation of self could be incorporated into the preliminary phase of couple therapy in order to screen for specific maladaptive patterns of differentiation.
Information about the differentiation processes could be used during the therapy to increase the I‐position status, or decrease emotional reactivity and emotional cut‐off.
Differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment scores can be used to monitor progress in systemic therapy.
A comparison of food habits and prey preference of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at three sites in the Russian Far East
Authors: KERLEY Linda L. , MUKHACHEVA Anna S. , MATYUKHINA Dina S. , SALMANOVA Elena , SALKINA Galina P. , MIQUELLE Dale G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrey availability is one of the principal drivers of tiger distribution and abundance. Therefore, formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger diet. We used scat analysis in combination with data on the abundance of several prey species to estimate Amur tiger diet and preference at 3 sites in the Russian Far East. We also examined the effect of pseudoreplication on estimates of tiger diet. We collected 770 scats across the 3 sites. Similar to previous studies, we found that tigers primarily preyed on medium to large ungulates, with wild boar, roe, sika and red deer collectively comprising 86.7% of total biomass consumed on average. According to Jacobs’ index, tigers preferred wild boar, and avoided sika deer. Variation in preference indices derived from these scat analyses compared to indices derived from kill data appear to be due to adjustments in biomass intake when sex–age of a killed individual is known: a component missing from scat data. Pseudoreplication (multiple samples collected from a single kill site) also skewed results derived from scat analyses. Scat analysis still appears useful in providing insight into the diets of carnivores when the full spectrum of prey species needs to be identified, or when sample sizes from kill data are not sufficient. When sample sizes of kill data are large (as is now possible with GPS‐collared animals), kill data adjusted by sex–age categories probably provides the most accurate estimates of prey biomass composition. Our results provide further confirmation of the centrality of medium ungulates, in particular wild boar, to Amur tiger diet, and suggest that the protection of this group of species is critical to Amur tiger conservation.
Dose–response relationship between methadone dose and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV‐positive people who use illicit opioids
Authors: Lappalainen Leslie , Nolan Seonaid , Dobrer Sabina , Puscas Cathy , Montaner Julio , Ahamad Keith , Dong Huiru , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan , Milloy M.‐J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsFor HIV‐positive individuals who use illicit opioids, engagement in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) can contribute to improved HIV treatment outcomes. However, to our knowledge, the role of methadone dosing in adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not yet been investigated. We sought to examine the relationship between methadone dose and ART adherence among a cohort of people who use illicit opioids.Design and SettingWe used data from the AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Access to Survival Services (ACCESS) study, an ongoing prospective observational cohort of HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, linked confidentially to comprehensive HIV treatment data in a setting of universal no‐cost medical care, including medications. We evaluated the longitudinal relationship between methadone dose and the likelihood of ≥ 95% adherence to ART among ART‐exposed participants during periods of engagement in MMT.ParticipantsTwo hundred and ninety‐seven ART‐exposed individuals on MMT were recruited between December 2005 and May 2013 and followed for a median of 42.1 months.MeasurementsWe measured methadone dose at ≥ 100 versus < 100 mg/day and the likelihood of ≥ 95% adherence to ART.FindingsIn adjusted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses, MMT dose ≥ 100 mg/day was associated independently with optimal adherence to ART [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.77). In a subanalysis, we observed a dose–response relationship between increasing MMT dose and ART adherence (AOR = 1.06 per 20 mg/day increase, 95% CI = 1.00–1.12).ConclusionAmong HIV‐positive individuals in methadone maintenance therapy, those receiving higher doses of methadone (≥ 100 mg/day) are more likely to achieve ≥ 95% adherence to antiretroviral therapy than those receiving lower doses.
Fatal opioid poisoning: a counterfactual model to estimate the preventive effect of treatment for opioid use disorder in England
Authors: White Martin , Burton Robyn , Darke Shane , Eastwood Brian , Knight Jon , Millar Tim , Musto Virginia , Marsden John 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimA counterfactual model was used to estimate the number of fatal opioid‐related poisonings prevented by public treatment services for opioid use disorder (OUD) in England between April 2008 and March 2011.MethodsPatient OUD treatment episode data recorded by the English National Drug Treatment Monitoring System were linked to data on opioid deaths recorded by the Office for National Statistics. The source population was the official estimate of non‐medical opioid users (aged 15–64 years; approximately 260 000 each year). The target population was all individuals (aged 15–64 years) treated for OUD in the study period (n = 220 665). The outcome measure was fatal opioid‐related poisoning (opioid death). The opioid death rate [per 100 person‐years (PY)] and mortality rate ratios (MRR) were computed for study year, age group (15–24, 25–34, 35–64 years) and for three treatment‐related states: time spent ‘prior to treatment’, ‘during treatment’ and ‘after treatment’.ResultsBetween April 2008 and March 2011, there were 3731 opioid deaths in the study: 741 during treatment (0.20 per 100 PY; referent category); 2722 prior to treatment [0.77 per 100 PY; MRR = 3.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.18–4.44]; and 268 after treatment (0.41 per 100 PY; MRR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.64–2.41). By counterfactual estimation, national OUD treatment services prevented an average of 880 opioid deaths each year (95% CI = 702–1084).ConclusionsBetween April 2008 and March 2011, a counterfactual model shows that the English public treatment system for opioid use disorder prevented an average of 880 deaths each year from opioid‐related poisoning. Counterfactual models of mortality prevention can be used for outcome and performance monitoring of substance use disorder treatment systems.
Catehol‐o‐methyltransferase gene Val158met polymorphism as a potential predictor of response to computer‐assisted delivery of cognitive‐behavioral therapy among cocaine‐dependent individuals: Preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carroll Kathleen M. , Herman Aryeh , DeVito Elise E. , Frankforter Tami L. , Potenza Marc N. , Sofuoglu Mehmet 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundFindings from uncontrolled studies suggest that the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism may affect response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in some populations. Using data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating computerized CBT (CBT4CBT), we evaluated treatment response by COMT genotype, with the a priori hypothesis that Val carriers would have improved response to computerized delivery of CBT.Methods101 cocaine‐dependent individuals, of whom 81 contributed analyzable genetic samples, were randomized to standard methadone maintenance treatment plus CBT4CBT or standard treatment alone in an 8 week trial.ResultsThere was a significant genotype by time effect on frequency of cocaine use from baseline to the end of the 6 month follow‐up, suggesting greater reductions over time for Val carriers relative to individuals with the Met/Met genotype. There was a significant treatment condition by genotype interactions for rates of participants attaining 21 or more days of continuous abstinence as well as self‐reported percent days of abstinence, suggesting less cocaine use among Val carriers when assigned to CBT compared to standard treatment. Exploration of possible mechanisms using measures of attentional biased also pointed to greater change over time in these measures among the Val carriers assigned to CBT.ConclusionThese are the first data from a randomized controlled trial indicating significant interactions of COMT polymorphism and behavioral therapy condition on treatment outcome, where Val carriers appeared to respond particularly well to computerized CBT. These preliminary data point to a potential biomarker of response to CBT linked to its putative mechanism of action, enhanced cognitive control. (Am J Addict 2015;24:443 –451)