bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humoral Immune Response in Yersinia enterocolitica O:5 Induced Arthritis in Hamsters
Authors: Di Genaro María Silvia , Escudero María Esther , Velázquez Lidia Del Carmen , Muñoz Estela , Aguilera Claudia , Juárez Américo , Scardapane Luis , de Guzmán Ana María Stefanini 
Published: November 2013

AbstractYersinia enterocolitica can cause extraintestinal sequelae such as reactive arthritis. The immunopathogenic mechanisms of this disease have not been completely clarified. Autoimmunity and persistent immune responses against bacterial antigens have been related to Yersinia‐induced arthritis. The arthritogenic capacity of Y. enterocolitica O:5 and the kinetics of the development of autoantibodies and Yersinia antigen‐specific antibodies were studied in hamsters. The results indicated that Y. enterocolitica O:5 was arthritogenic in the animal model studied. The animals developed septic arthritis on day 2 post‐infection (p.i.) and reactive arthritis on day 65 p.i. An important IgG response to types I and II collagen and the persistence of antibodies against lipopolysaccharide and bacterial cellular extract were observed. By immunoblotting, it was obtained that IgG reacted against a large number of bacterial antigens, the strongest being the responses against 88, 76, 63 and 36‐33 kDa peptides. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that serovar O:5 was experimentally arthritogenic, and that both autoimmune mechanisms and Yersinia‐specific antibodies participated in the development of Yersinia‐induced reactive arthritis in the animal model studied.
Combined Use of Ribotyping, PFGE Typing and IS431 Typing in the Discrimination of Nosocomial Strains of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yoshida Tatsumi , Kondo Noriko , Hanifah Yasmin Abu , Hiramatsu Keiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have previously reported the phenotypic characterization of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains isolated in Malaya University Hospital in the period 1987 to 1989 using antibiogram, coagulase typing, plasmid profiles, and phage typing. Here, we report the analysis of the same strains with three genotyping methods; ribotyping, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and IS431 typing (a restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism analysis using an IS431 probe). Ribotyping could discriminate 46 clinical MRSA strains into 5 ribotypes, PFGE typing into 22 types, and IS431 typing into 15 types. Since the differences of the three genotyping patterns from strain to strain were quite independent from one another, the combined use of the three genotyping methods could discriminate 46 strains into 39 genotypes. Thus, the powerful discriminatory ability of the combination was demonstrated.
Amplification of rfbE and fliC Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction for Identification and Detection of Salmonella Serovar Enteritidis, Dublin and Gallinarum‐Pullorum
Authors: Itoh Yoshihiro , Hirose Kenji , Miyake Masaki , Khan Abdul Q. , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ezaki Takayuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for O9 antigen (rfbE) and phase 1 flagellin antigen (fliC) were designed for the rapid identification and detection of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Dublin. The rfbE primer pairs selectively amplified the rfbE region of group O9 Salmonella serovars. The fliC primer pairs amplified the DNAs of g,m and g,p‐type flagellar antigen; Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, Dublin, and Essen. However, DNA from flagellar‐negative Salmonella serovar Gallinarum‐Pullorum was also amplified. The sensitivity of PCR primer pairs was 10 CFU/assay by boiled DNA preparation and 102 CFU/assay by proteinase K‐treated DNA preparation.
Serologic Evidence That Streptococcal Superantigens Are Not Involved in the Pathogenesis of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Morita Atsushi , Imada Yoshio , Igarashi Hisanaga , Yutsudo Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology and is associated with marked activation of T cells and monocyte macrophages, leading to the assumption that superantigens are involved in its pathogenesis. To determine if an association exists between streptococcal superantigens and KD, we examined serum antibody responses to superantigens in sera from 50 paired acute and convalescent KD patients using purified recombinant streptococcal superantigens, such as SPEA, SPEC, SSA and MF. We found a very low frequency of detection of anti‐superantigen antibodies by ELISA and no marked IgG seroconversion to each superantigen, indicating the absence of a serological relationship between toxin‐producing streptococcal infection and the onset of KD.
Growth Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by Monoclonal Antibody to Heat‐Shock Protein 60
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Osaki Takako , Taguchi Haruhiko , Hanawa Tomoko , Yamamoto Tomoko , Fukuda Minoru , Kawakami Hayato , Hirano Hiroshi , Kamiya Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe H20mAb recognizing the 60‐kilodalton protein, which existed in the outer membrane and was induced by heat shock at 42 C, was established. The molecule recognized with the mAb was a heat‐shock protein 60 (HSP60) of Helicobacter pylori. To understand the role of HSP60 on the cell surface of H. pylori, whether or not H20mAb affects the growth of H. pylori was investigated. When bacteria were cultured with H20mAb, growth was markedly inhibited after 24 hr, although an initial 5 hr‐incubation with the mAb induced no significant inhibition of H. pylori growth. The 24‐ and 48 hr growth of the bacteria after washing to remove the mAb at 5 hr was also inhibited though the inhibitory effect was not strong. In electron microscopical analysis, the spots with high electron density in the cytoplasm of the bacteria treated with H20mAb were increased, depending on the length of incubation time from 5 to 24 hr. After 24 hr treatment with H20mAb, bacterial destruction was also observed, indicating bactericidal activity by H20mAb. These results suggest that the HSP60 on the cell surface of H. pylori might have an essential role in the growth of the bacteria.
Adherence of Human Oral Spirochetes by Collagen‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Umemoto Toshihiko , Li Mingyu , Namikawa Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ability of spirochetes to adhere to collagens was compared among three species of human oral treponemes. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that type I‐, IV‐, and V‐collagen‐binding polypeptides (CBPs) were detected in the heated and unheated preparations from both Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 and T. socranskii subsp. buccale ATCC 35534. Few CBPs, however, were detected in the heated and unheated preparations from a recently characterized isolate, T. medium strain G7201. Immunoelectron microscopy using rabbit antisera against the CBPs from the unheated preparations demonstrated that four CBPs, a 27 kDa type V‐CBP of T. denticola ATCC 33520, a 95 kDa type IV‐CBP and a 110 kDa type I‐CBP of T. socranskii subsp. buccale ATCC 35534, and a 95 kDa type IV‐CBP of T. medium strain G7201, were located on the outer envelopes of the individual cells. The adherence of T. denticola to the collagen‐coated surfaces was significantly greater than that of T. medium, suggesting that the CBPs on the oral spirochetal cells play an important role in their adherence to collagen‐rich connective tissues of the host.
Application of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Core Proteins Produced in a Baculovirus Expression System to Serological Diagnosis
Authors: Kong Xian‐gang , Pang Hai , Sugiura Takeo , Sentsui Hiroshi , Onodera Takashi , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Akashi Hiroomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEquine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) core proteins were obtained from a baculovirus expression system. Recombinant baculoviruses (rBVs) highly expressed the Gag precursor and p26 antigens in an rBV‐infected Sf21 cell culture supernatant. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) were conducted using the expressed proteins to detect antibodies from experimentally infected horses. The expressed antigens showed low background levels, high specificity and sensitivity in ELISA and AGID. The results of the serological tests using the expressed antigens were identical to those using a manufactured trial antigen. rBVs containing gag and p26 genes were found to express high quality and large quantities of Gag and p26 antigens, respectively. The antigens were quite useful for detecting anti‐EIAV antibodies from virus‐infected horses.
Immunomodulatory Activities of Oat β‐Glucan In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Estrada Alberto , Yun Cheol‐heui , Van Kessel Andrew , Li Bing , Hauta Shirley , Laarveld Bernard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that β‐glucans extracted from yeast or fungi potentiate immune responses. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activities of β‐(1→3, 1→4)‐glucan, derived from oats, were investigated. The ability of oat β‐glucan (OβG) to stimulate IL‐1 and TNF‐α release from murine peritoneal macrophages and the murine macrophage cell line P338D1, was assessed. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with OβG resulted in the production of IL‐1 in a dose and time‐dependent manner, whereas only small amounts of TNF‐α could be detected in the culture supernatants. OβG also induced the production of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐4 secretion in a dose‐dependent manner in cultured spleen cells. The intraperitoneal administration of OβG in mice resulted in the accumulation of leucocytes, predominantly macrophages, in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, OβG was tested for its ability to enhance non‐specific resistance to a bacterial challenge in mice. Survival of mice challenged with Staphylococcus aureus was enhanced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 500 μg of OβG 3 days prior to bacterial challenge. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that OβG possesses immunomodulatory activities capable of stimulating immune functions both in vitro and in vivo.
Immunobiology of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS‐Derived Immunoconjugates Vaccinate Mice against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Tiwari Ram Parkash , Gupta Winney , Rishi Praveen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe immunobiology of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhimurium LT2–71 was studied in its native, modified and conjugated states using mice as the experimental model. An alkali‐treated detoxified fraction of LPS (D‐LPS) was found to be not only non‐toxic but also equally immunogenic, like LPS. In addition D‐LPS alone or conjugated with enterotoxin or hemolysin was also non‐pyrogenic and non‐indurogenic. The immunoprophylactic activity of D‐LPS conjugates to a 100 ID50 challenge dose of S. typhimurium was also higher than that of detoxified LPS or native LPS.
Structural and Immunochemical Studies of Two Cross‐Reactive Proteus mirabilis O‐Antigens, O6 and O23, Containing β1→3‐Linked 2‐Acetamido‐2‐Deoxy‐d‐Glucopyranose Residues
Authors: Cedzyñski Maciej , Świerzko Anna St , Zi´łkowski Andrzej , Różalski Antoni , Paramonov Nikolay A. , Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Knirel Yuriy A. , Kaca Wiesław 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA marked serological cross‐reactivity was observed by ELISA and a precipitation test between anti‐Proteus mirabilis O23 serum and the lipopolysaccharide as well as the O‐specific polysaccharide from the Proteus mirabilis strain belonging to serogroup O6. The structures of the O‐specific polysaccharides were elucidated using chemical and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and the only common component, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranose (β‐d‐GlcNAc), was revealed, which was suggested to be responsible for the cross‐reactivity observed. Both anti‐O23 and anti‐O6 sera were shown to react with 1, 3‐linked β‐d‐GlcNAc‐containing O‐antigen from Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae O59 also. The lack of reactivity of Smith‐degraded P. mirabilis O6 O‐specific polysaccharide with homologous antiserum indicated the crucial role of α‐d‐glucuronic acid in specific antibody binding.
Response of Blood Platelets to Proteus mirabilis Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Wachowicz Barbara , Saluk Joanna , Kaca Wiesław 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Proteus mirabilis on the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the generation of superoxide radicals (O2−) by pig blood platelets were studied in vitro. The effect of LPS on TBARS formation in platelets was dependent on the concentration of endotoxin. LPS at concentrations above 0.1 μg/108 platelets caused the production of TBARS concomitant with the generation of superoxide radicals. The responses of platelets to LPS suggest that endotoxin, like thrombin (a strong platelets agonist), stimulates an enzymatic cascade of platelet arachidonate via cyclooxygenase and produces thromboxane A2 (TXA2) concomitant with malonyldialdehyde (MDA).
In Vitro Susceptibility of Chlamydia pecorum to Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Quinolones and β‐Lactam
Authors: Pudjiatmoko  , Fukushi Hideto , Ochiai Yoshitsugu , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Hirai Katsuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe in vitro susceptibility of Chlamydia pecorum to two macrolides (clarithromycin and erythromycin), two tetracyclines (doxycycline and minocycline), two quinolones (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and one β‐lactam (ampicillin) was determined. The MICs were 0.004 to 0.008 μg/ml for clarithromycin, 0.008 to 0.031 μg/ml for doxycycline and minocycline, 0.063 to 0.125 μg/ml for erythromycin, 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml for ofloxacin and 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml for ciprofloxacin. The MIC for ampicillin was greater than 1,024 μg/ml. The results show clarithromycin and doxycycline are the two most effective drugs against C. pecorum.
Accumulation Kinetics of Viral Gene Products in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus‐Infected Turnip Protoplasts
Authors: Kobayashi Kappei , Nakayashiki Hitoshi , Tsuge Seiji , Mise Kazuyuki , Furusawa Iwao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expression of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genes was studied in a turnip protoplast system. Six CaMV‐encoded gene products were detected in infected turnip protoplasts by means of Western blotting. The infected turnip protoplasts showed different patterns of protein accumulation; e.g. an open reading frame (ORF) I‐encoded movement protein, an ORF V‐encoded reverse transcriptase and an ORF VI‐encoded posttranscriptional transactivator representing the early accumulated proteins, an ORF II‐encoded aphid transmission factor and an ORF IV‐encoded coat protein the late accumulated proteins and an ORF III‐encoded DNA binding protein the intermediate protein. The results suggest that the expression of CaMV genes is differentially regulated.
Infectivity and Immunogenicity of SIVmac/HIV‐1 Chimeric Viruses (SHIVs) with Deletions in Two or Three Genes (vpr, nef and vpx)
Authors: Igarashi Tatsuhiko , Kuwata Takeo , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Moriyama Hiroyuki , Ui Masahiro , Miyazaki Yasuyuki , Hayami Masanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo SHIVs with two or three genes deleted (SHIV‐drn and SHIV‐dxrn) were constructed. The inoculation of monkeys with SHIV‐drn resulted in short‐term viremia, but inoculation with SHIV‐dxrn did not. At 68 weeks post‐inoculation, the monkeys were reinoculated with a 100‐fold higher dose of each SHIV, but none showed viremia. Killer cell activities against HTV‐1 Env were detected in the SHIV‐drn‐ and SHIV‐dxrn‐inoculated monkeys. Cross‐reactive killer activity against HIV‐1 Gag and SIVmac Gag was observed in one monkey. Antibodies were not detected in the SHIV‐dxrn‐inoculated monkeys, but the SHIV‐drn‐inoculated monkeys showed an anamnestic antibody reaction. These data indicate that SHIV‐drn is infectious to and immuno‐inducible in macaques but SHIV‐dxrn is not.
Protective Effect of Japanese Green Tea Extract on Gnotobiotic Mice Infected with an Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain
Authors: Isogai Emiko , Isogai Hiroshi , Takeshi Koichi , Nishikawa Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examined the effect of Japanese green tea extract (JGTE) on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in a gnotobiotic mouse model. Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with an EHEC strain developed neurologic and systemic symptoms, usually culminating in death. In contrast, none of mice receiving dietary JGTE showed clinical signs or death. This report describes the effect of JGTE, which includes the inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo. The Shiga‐like toxin (SLT) level in the feces of the JGTE diet group was significantly lower than that of the control group.
Cloning and Characterization of the Genomic RNA Sequence of the Mumps Virus Strain Associated with a High Incidence of Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Saito Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Harata Seizaburo , Tanaka Keiko , Sato Hiroyasu , Suto Tsunehisa , Yamada Akio , Yamazaki Shudo , Morita Morihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractcDNA clones of the mumps virus wild‐type strain, associated with a high incidence of aseptic meningitis (ODATE‐1 strain), were isolated and analyzed from genomic nucleotide position 22 to 8520 containing the NP, P, M., F, SH and HN protein coding region. The ODATE‐1 strain exhibited a RFLP profile identical to that of the Urabe vaccine strain in spite of the fact that the virus was isolated from non‐vaccinated cases. However, a comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among the ODATE‐1 strain, Urabe strain and Miyahara strain revealed that the ODATE‐1 strain was not related to the Urabe strain.
Surface Characteristics of Gram‐Negative and Gram‐Positive Bacteria in an Atomic Force Microscope Image
Authors: Umeda Akiko , Saito Mitsumasa , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacterial images can be obtained rather easily with an atomic‐force microscope (AFM) in the magnification range of 5,000 to 30,000 times without any pretreatment of the specimens for such observations as chemical fixation, dehydration or staining. The bacterial shapes or the presence of flagella can be clearly recognized in these magnification ranges. In addition, we were also able to distinguish between Gramnegative and Gram‐positive bacteria based on the specific wavy surface appearance of the former. AFM could thus be a useful tool for the identification of bacteria in the resolution range between electron and light microscopy.
Resistance to Oxyimino β‐Lactams Due to a Mutation of Chromosomal β‐Lactamase in Citrobacter freundii
Authors: Haruta Shin , Nukaga Michiyoshi , Taniguchi Kazuo , Sawai Tetsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe duplicative mutation of an Ala‐Val‐Arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of Enterobacter cloacae class C β‐lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino β‐lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the β‐lactams (M. Nukaga et al, 1995, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5729‐5735). In order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class C β‐lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applied to a class C β‐lactamase of Citrobacter freundii, which has 74% homology to the E. cloacae β‐lactamase amino acid sequence. The counterpart sequence to the Ala‐Val‐Arg of the E. cloacae enzyme in C. freundii β‐lactamase was identified to be Pro‐Val‐His. A Pro‐Val‐His sequence was inserted just after the native Pro‐Val‐His sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the C. freundii β‐lactamase. The resulting mutant of C. freundii β‐lactamase obtained a striking characteristic that we expected, showing substrate specificity extension to oxyimino β‐lactams. Nearly the same result was obtained with the insertion of an Ala‐Val‐Arg sequence after the native Pro‐Val‐His sequence. These results indicate that structural modification of this locus commonly induces modification of the substrate specificity to unfavorable substrates for many chromosomal class C β‐lactamases produced by Gram‐negative bacteria.
Increased Resistance to Quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni: A Genetic Analysis of gyrA Gene Mutations in Quinolone‐Resistant Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ruiz Joaquim , Goñi Pilar , Marco Francesc , Gallardo Francesc , Mirelis Beatriz , De Anta Teresa Jimenez , Vila Jordi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of enteritis and sometimes it requires antimicrobial therapy. We have studied the evolution of resistance to nine antibiotics from 1990 to 1994 and investigated how frequently gyrA mutations are involved in the acquisition of quinolone resistance. The percentage of chloramphenicol‐, clindamycin‐, tertracycline‐ and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid‐resistant strains has remained practically unchanged and erythromycin and gentamicin resistance has decreased, whereas the percentage of ampicillin‐, nalidixic acid‐ or ciprofloxacin‐resistant strains has almost doubled in the follow‐up period, from 56 to 76% for ampicillin‐ and from 47.5 to 88% for quinolone‐resistant strains. This study clearly shows that a mutation in Thr‐86 to Ile or Lys is a frequent mechanism associated with the acquisition of a high level of resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates of C. jejuni.
A New Approach to AIDS Research and Prevention: The Use of Gene‐Mutated HIV‐1/SIV Chimeric Viruses for Anti‐HIV‐1 Live‐Attenuated Vaccines
Authors: Haga Takeshi , Kuwata Takeo , Ui Masahiro , Igarashi Tatsuhiko , Miyazaki Yasuyuki , Hayami Masanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe lack of a suitable animal model is a major obstacle to developing anti‐HIV‐1 vaccines. We successfully generated an SIVmac/HIV‐1 chimeric virus (SHIV) (designated as NM‐3rN) that contains the HIV‐1 env gene and is infectious to macaque monkeys. Challenging the vaccinated macaque monkeys with NM‐3rN, we developed an evaluation system for anti‐HIV‐1 Env‐targeted vaccines. For the purpose of making the vaccine, a series of gene‐mutated SHIVs were constructed. The monkeys vaccinated with these SHIVs had long‐term anti‐virus immunities without manifesting the disease, and became resistant to a challenge inoculation with NM‐3rN. The sera from a monkey showed that, after the vaccination, the neutralizing antibodies not only against the parental HIV‐1 but also against an antigenically different HIV‐1 were raised. In vivo experiments confirmed that the vaccinated monkeys were protected from the challenge inoculum of an antigenically different SHIV‐MN. Vaccination of monkeys with the attenuated SHIVs showed that further gene‐deletion of the SHIV resulted in less immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the attenuated SHIVs had a vaccine effect against the challenge inoculation. In addition to specific immunities including neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T cells, a more complicated immune mechanism induced by live vaccine appears to play a role in this protection. Our data suggest that the live vaccine can induce strong and wide‐range immunity against HIV‐1. These SHIVs should contribute to understanding the pathogenicity of AIDS and to the development of future anti‐HIV‐1 live vaccines for humans.