bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome Prediction in Primary Resected Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Histology-Specific Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Nomograms Built on Major Sarcoma Center Data Sets
Authors: Gronchi Alessandro , Miceli Rosalba , Shurell Elizabeth , Eilber Fritz C. , Eilber Frederick R. , Anaya Daniel A. , Kattan Michael W. , Honoré Charles , Lev Dina C. , Colombo Chiara , Bonvalot Sylvie , Mariani Luigi , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeIntegration of numerous prognostic variables not included in the conventional staging of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS) is essential in providing effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to build a specific nomogram for predicting postoperative overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with primary RPS.Patients and MethodsData registered in three institutional prospective sarcoma databases were used. We included patients with primary localized RPS resected between 1999 and 2009. Univariate (Kaplan and Meier plots) and multivariate (Cox model) analyses were carried out. The a priori chosen prognostic covariates were age, tumor size, grade, histologic subtype, multifocality, quality of surgery, and radiation therapy. External validation was performed by applying the nomograms to the patients of an external cohort. The model's discriminative ability was estimated by means of the bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistic.ResultsIn all, 523 patients were identified at the three institutions (developing set). At a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range, 22 to 72 months), 171 deaths were recorded. Five- and 7-year OS rates were 56.8% (95% CI, 51.4% to 62.6%) and 46.7% (95% CI, 39.9% to 54.6%. Two hundred twenty-one patients had disease recurrence. Five- and 7-year DFS rates were 39.4% (95% CI, 34.5% to 45.0%) and 35.7% (95% CI, 30.3% to 42.1%). The validation set consisted of 135 patients who were identified at the fourth institution for external validation. The bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistics for OS and DFS were 0.74 and 0.71 in the developing set and 0.68 and 0.69 in the validating set.ConclusionThese nomograms accurately predict OS and DFS. They should be used for patient counseling in clinical practice and stratification in clinical trials.
Cancer Cachexia in the Age of Obesity: Skeletal Muscle Depletion Is a Powerful Prognostic Factor, Independent of Body Mass Index
Authors: Martin Lisa , Birdsell Laura , MacDonald Neil , Reiman Tony , Clandinin M. Thomas , McCargar Linda J. , Murphy Rachel , Ghosh Sunita , Sawyer Michael B. , Baracos Vickie E. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Emerging evidence suggests muscle depletion predicts survival of patients with cancer. Patients and Methods At a cancer center in Alberta, Canada, consecutive patients with cancer (lung or GI; N = 1,473) were assessed at presentation for weight loss history, lumbar skeletal muscle index, and mean muscle attenuation (Hounsfield units) by computed tomography (CT). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Concordance (c) statistics were used to test predictive accuracy of survival models. Results Body mass index (BMI) distribution was 17% obese, 35% overweight, 36% normal weight, and 12% underweight. Patients in all BMI categories varied widely in weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation. Thresholds defining associations between these three variables and survival were determined using optimal stratification. High weight loss, low muscle index, and low muscle attenuation were independently prognostic of survival. A survival model containing conventional covariates (cancer diagnosis, stage, age, performance status) gave a c statistic of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.79), whereas a model ignoring conventional variables and including only BMI, weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation gave a c statistic of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95; P < .001). Patients who possessed all three of these poor prognostic variables survived 8.4 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.3), regardless of whether they presented as obese, overweight, normal weight, or underweight, in contrast to patients who had none of these features, who survived 28.4 months (95% CI, 24.2 to 32.6; P < .001). Conclusion CT images reveal otherwise occult muscle depletion. Patients with cancer who are cachexic by the conventional criterion (involuntary weight loss) and by two additional criteria (muscle depletion and low muscle attenuation) share a poor prognosis, regardless of overall body weight.
Systematic Review of Quality Improvement Interventions Directed at Cancer Specialists
Authors: Coory Michael , White Victoria M. , Johnson Kristin S. , Hill David J. , Jefford Michael , Harrison Simon , Winship Ingrid , Millar Jeremy , Giles Graham G. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Summary evidence on the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions (QIIs) directed at cancer specialists is needed for two reasons. First, there are some innovations over which only cancer specialists have control (eg, surgical technique or chemotherapy regimen). Second, implementation of QIIs has opportunity costs; the time and money spent on an ineffective QII might be better spent on direct patient care. Methods Medical Subject Headings and text words for “quality improvement” were combined with those for “neoplasm” to search MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE from January 1990 to August 2012 for studies of QIIs directed at cancer specialists (eg, medical/radiation oncologist, surgeon). All study designs were included. Results Five thousand seven hundred eighty-one articles were screened, but only 12 met the inclusion criteria, including three cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), seven uncontrolled before-and-after comparisons, and two cross-sectional studies. All 12 studies were conducted in response to concerns about quality of care. No cRCT showed a benefit of the QIIs tested. Some uncontrolled before-and-after and cross-sectional studies reported a benefit from the QII, but these studies are difficult to interpret because of concerns about uncontrolled confounding. Interventions in all studies were multifaceted, but descriptions of different components were limited, and only one study examined their separate impact. Conclusion The published evidence about how to facilitate timely and consistent adoption of new clinical knowledge by cancer specialists into everyday clinical practice is thin. More investment is needed in research about the solution (QIIs) to match the investment in research about the problem (inconsistent/slow adoption of innovative cancer treatments).
Size- and Shape-Controlled Syntheses of Colloidal Sn, Te, and Bi Nanocrystals
Authors: Watanabe Ryota , Ishizaki Toshitaka 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We report the synthesis of monodisperse spherical Sn nanocrystals 9.0 nm in size by reduction of SnCl2 using tetrabutylammonium borohydride (TBBH, N(C4H9)4BH4) in a one-pot synthesis using a mixed solvent of oleylamine (OA, C18H35NH2) as a capping agent and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The size and shape of the Sn nanocrystals were found to be influenced by both the amount of OA and THF used and the synthetic temperature. The particle sizes varied from 9 to 83 nm. Spherical nanocrystals were formed at a particular initial concentration of OA, while rod-shaped nanocrystals were formed at reduced initial concentrations of OA. The Sn nanocrystals are used as a bonding material by mixing Cu nanocrystals. The shear strength of Cu plates bonded by the mixture of Cu and Sn nanocrystals at higher than 300 °C is significantly increased, compared with that bonded by Cu nanocrystals without addition of the Sn nanocrystals. The synthetic method was also applied to the synthesis of Te and Bi nanocrystals. The shapes of the Te and Bi nanocrystals were similarly controlled by the amount of OA used and the synthetic temperature. All of the samples were obtained as stable colloidal dispersions.
I’m Like You, Just Not In That Way: Tag Networks to Improve Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Boorn Jason , Goldberg Debra S 
Published: March 2013

Collaborative filtering aims to predict a person’s preferences by examining the preferences of similar people. Many collaborative filtering algorithms rely on a coarse notion of similarity, which assumes that if two people are sufficiently simiar in a few specific areas, each is likely to make good recommendations for the other in most areas. Our trust in the opinions of others, though, is rarely absolute; we often tend to trust recommendations from certain people in certain areas. In this paper we develop an algorithm which reflects this notion. Rather than capturing taste information at the user level, we capture taste at the topic level by making use of tags: arbitrary words or phrases which are often used to group online content. Previous attempts to improve collaborative filtering using tag information have attempted to determine tag meanings, and as a result have depended upon complex semantic analyses. Our algorithm avoids these complications by focusing instead on the clusters which tags establish. Using tags in this way provides a significant improvement in the accuracy of recommendations without a commensurate loss in coverage. These tag clusters also give rise to networks which can be exploited to further improve recommendation results.
Perinatal Origins of First-Grade Academic Failure: Role of Prematurity and Maternal Factors
Authors: Williams Bryan L. , Dunlop Anne Lang , Kramer Michael , Dever Bridget V. , Hogue Carol , Jain Lucky 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We examined the relationships among gestational age at birth, maternal characteristics, and standardized test performance in Georgia first-grade students.

METHODS:
Live births to Georgia-resident mothers aged 11 to 53 years from 1998 through 2003 were deterministically linked with standardized test results for first-grade attendees of Georgia public schools from 2005 through 2009. Logistic models were used to estimate the odds of failure of the 3 components of the first-grade Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT).

RESULTS:
The strongest risk factor for failure of each of the 3 components of the first-grade CRCT was level of maternal education. Child race/ethnicity and maternal age at birth were also associated with first-grade CRCT failure irrespective of the severity of preterm birth, but these factors were more important among children born moderately preterm than for those born on the margins of the prematurity distribution. Adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, there was an increased odds of failure of each component of the CRCT for children born late preterm versus term, including for math (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.22), reading (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08–1.18), and English/language arts, for which there was an important interaction with being born small for gestational age (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preterm birth and low maternal education increase children’s risk of failure of first-grade standardized tests. Promoting women’s academic achievement and reduce rates of preterm birth may be important to achieving gains in elementary school performance.
Quality of Reporting and Evidence in American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines
Authors: Isaac Andre , Saginur Michael , Hartling Lisa , Robinson Joan L. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVES:
The primary objectives were to evaluate the quality of development and reporting of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines and to determine the level of evidence underlying the recommendations.

METHODS:
Two reviewers scored each guideline by using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) instrument and determined the level of evidence for each recommendation in each guideline. Subgroup analyses compared AAP guidelines published before and after key changes in AAP guideline development policy and compared internal with endorsed guidelines.

RESULTS:
For the 28 current guidelines, the highest average scores on AGREE-II were in scope and purpose (75%) and clarity of presentation (73%). The lowest average scores were in editorial independence (17%) and applicability (30%). The only domain that improved after AAP policy updates was editorial independence (P = .01). Of the 190 treatment recommendations, 43% were based on experimental studies, 30% on observational studies, and 27% on expert opinion or no reference. Compared with early guidelines, late guidelines included a higher proportion of treatment recommendations based on experimental studies (P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no clear improvement in the quality of development and reporting of AAP clinical practice guidelines over time. Routine application of AGREE-II to guideline development could enhance guideline quality. The proportion of guideline recommendations based on experimental evidence has increased slightly over time. Pediatric research agendas should be matched to vital gaps in the evidence underlying pediatric guidelines.
Growth of Spontaneously Descended and Surgically Treated Testes During Early Childhood
Authors: Kollin Claude , Granholm Tina , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Ritzén E. Martin 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether in congenital unilateral cryptorchidism the growth of a spontaneously descended testis is normal, compared with the contralateral scrotal testis or similar to the growth of testes that failed to descend spontaneously and later underwent orchidopexy.METHODS:Ninety-one boys with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism with later spontaneous descent of the initially retained testis were followed from birth (0–3 weeks) up to 5 years of age and compared with boys randomized to surgery at either 9 months (n = 78) or 3 years (n = 85) of age. Testicular volume was determined with ultrasonography.RESULTS:Eighty-two percent of spontaneous descent occurred before 2 months of age. Twenty-two percent of these descended testes were later again found in a retained position. The spontaneously descended testis was smaller than its scrotal counterpart at all ages (P &lt; .001). We also showed a significant difference in the testicular volume between the early and late treated boys from age 2 years and onward. At 2, 4, and 5 years of age, the volumes of the spontaneously descended testes were significantly larger than those of boys operated on at 3 years but similar to those operated on at 9 months.CONCLUSIONS:We have shown that in boys with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism with later spontaneous descent, the originally retained testes show impaired growth compared with its scrotal counterpart from birth and onwards. Also, they are prone to later ascent to a retained position. Furthermore, the longer testes remain untreated the more they exhibit impaired growth.
Teen Birth Rates in Sexually Abused and Neglected Females
Authors: Noll Jennie G. , Shenk Chad E. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Prospectively track teen childbirths in maltreated and nonmaltreated females and test the hypothesis that child maltreatment is an independent predictor of subsequent teen childbirth over and above demographic characteristics and other risk factors.

METHODS:
Nulliparous adolescent females (N = 435) aged 14 to 17 years were assessed annually through age 19 years. Maltreated females were referred by Child Protective Services agencies for having experienced substantiated sexual abuse, physical abuse, or neglect within the preceding 12 months. Comparison females were matched on race, family income, age and family constellation. Teen childbirth was assessed via self-report during annual interviews. Births were confirmed using hospital delivery records.

RESULTS:
Seventy participants gave birth during the study, 54 in the maltreated group and 16 in the comparison group. Maltreated females were twice as likely to experience teen childbirth after controlling for demographic confounds and known risk factors (odds ratio = 2.17, P = 0.01). Birth rates were highest for sexually abused and neglected females. Sexual abuse and neglect were both independent predictors of teen childbirth after controlling for demographic confounds, other risk factors and alternative forms of maltreatment occurring earlier in development.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results provide evidence that sexual abuse and neglect are unique predictors of subsequent teen childbirth. Partnerships between protective service providers and teen childbirth prevention strategists hold the best promise for further reducing the US teen birth rate. Additional research illuminating the pathways to teen childbirth for differing forms of maltreatment is needed so that tailored interventions can be realized.
Oxygen Delivery Using a Neonatal Self-inflating Resuscitation Bag: Effect of Oxygen Flow
Authors: Trevisanuto Daniele , Dal Cengio Valentina , Doglioni Nicoletta , Cavallin Francesco , Zanardo Vincenzo , Parotto Matteo , Weiner Gary 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated the effect of oxygen (O2) flow rate on the corresponding delivered fraction of oxygen (FiO2) during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) when using a neonatal self-inflating bag (SIB).

METHODS:
Fifteen health care professionals administered PPV at a respiratory rate of 40 to 60 breaths per minute and at peak inspiratory pressures of 25 and 35 cm H2O to a manikin by using a SIB with reservoir connected to an O2 source equipped with a flowmeter (flow rates: 0–10 L/min). The FiO2 corresponding to each flow rate was measured at the inflow to the facial mask for 60 seconds.

RESULTS:
In total, 2520 FiO2 data points were collected. At every O2 flow rate, the FiO2 gradually increased from time 0 seconds to time 60 seconds, both at 25 cm H2O and at 35 cm H2O. After 1 minute of PPV at 25 cm H2O, the delivered FiO2 was 31.5% ± 2.1% and 43.1% ± 3.1% at O2 flow rates of 0.1 and 0.5 L/min, respectively. After 1 minute of PPV at 35 cm H2O, the delivered FiO2 was 29.4% ± 2.0% and 42.1% ± 4.6% at O2 flow rates of 0.1 and 0.5 L/min, respectively. At all O2 flow rates &gt;5 L/min, the delivered FiO2 was &gt;85% and &gt;95%, after 1 minute of PPV at 25 and 35 cm H2O, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Delivered FiO2 during PPV depends on 3 factors: oxygen flow rate, peak inspiratory pressures, and time elapsed. These data can be used to develop a scheme correlating the oxygen flow rate and the corresponding delivered FiO2 when using a neonatal SIB.
Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions That Predispose to Bleeding
Authors: Carpenter Shannon L. , Abshire Thomas C. , Anderst James D. ,   the SECTION ON HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY AND COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, Carpenter Shannon L. , Abshire Thomas C. , Anderst James D. , Hord Jeffrey , Crouch Gary , Hale Gregory , Mueller Brigitta , Rogers Zora , Shearer Patricia , Werner Eric , Feig Stephen , Kodish Eric , Gamis Alan 
Published: March 2013

This Technical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059277.
Child abuse might be suspected when children present with cutaneous bruising, intracranial hemorrhage, or other manifestations of bleeding. In these cases, it is necessary to consider medical conditions that predispose to easy bleeding/bruising. When evaluating for the possibility of bleeding disorders and other conditions that predispose to hemorrhage, the pediatrician must consider the child’s presenting history, medical history, and physical examination findings before initiating a laboratory investigation. Many medical conditions can predispose to easy bleeding. Before ordering laboratory tests for a disease, it is useful to understand the biochemical basis and clinical presentation of the disorder, condition prevalence, and test characteristics. This technical report reviews the major medical conditions that predispose to bruising/bleeding and should be considered when evaluating for abusive injury.
Children’s Literature as Implicit Religion
Authors: Worsley Howard 
Published: March 2013

This article is a development of research into children’s literature that investigates how religious concepts are present in the writings of well-known children’s authors. Previous work has considered atonement theories and this considers the concept of grace. Grace is identified as unconditional love seen as forgiveness (without a demand for justice), moving on (without vengeance), and
extravagant offering. These three hallmarks are used as a lens through which to scrutinise The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis), The Lord of the Rings (Tolkein) and the Harry Potter series (J.K. Rowling). Grace is concluded to be a core concept within implicit religion.
Implicit Religion and Ordinary Prayer
Authors: Ap Siôn Tania 
Published: March 2013

Research in implicit religion has been conducted in a wide range of contexts, including those commonly associated with explicit religion. This study explores ordinary prayer by analysing 1,067 prayer cards left in one rural church over a
sixteen-month period. The analysis is placed in theoretical contexts defined by the study of implicit religion and the study of ordinary prayer. It uses a conceptual framework which distinguishes between three aspects of ordinary intercessory and supplicatory prayer, defined as reference, intention, and objective (ap Siôn 2007), and explores areas relevant to implicit religion by drawing on Lord’s (2006) nine types of implicit religion. Results of the analysis show that specific concrete issues were not included in 30% of prayer requests, but in the 70% of requests where concrete contexts were provided, 29% cited illness and 20% death. Overall, there were more examples of primary control (55%) than secondary control (45%), and primary control was found more often in requests which had the prayer author as a key focus and in the categories of illness, growth, work, relationships, conflict or disaster, sport or recreation, travel and general requests. Secondary control was found mainly in death and the open intention category. These results, alongside the exemplification of categories, give rise to a number of hypotheses regarding ordinary prayer and implicit religion.
Paying Attention
Authors: Ramp William 
Published: March 2013

While the perennial vitality of religion, including “religious” aspects of supposedly secular phenomena, has cast doubt on the so-called “secularization thesis,” the demise of the “demise of religion” story may have been prematurely reported. In popular culture, the new atheism of Dawkins, Hitchens and Harris populates (in unintended irony) the “religion” shelves of bookshops. Though academic studies concerned with new manifestations of explicit or implicit religious life proliferate, they do not always or necessarily entail renewed respect for religion’s intrinsic claims. Scholarly fascination and disenchantment can go hand in hand.
The books reviewed here all explore, from different angles, the fraught relations between ways of perceiving, thinking, telling or acting which could be called religious, and the intellectualizing drive of the scholarship which addresses them. In different ways, they beg the question how both religion and the study of religion relate to their cultural, historical and philosophical matrices, and in particular, how to understand the relation and opposition between forms of narrative appropriate to religion on one hand, and to science, history or philosophical psychology on the other.