bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the PU.1 gene by distal elements
Authors: Li Youlin , Okuno Yutaka , Zhang Pu , Radomska Hanna S. , Chen Hui-min , Iwasaki Hiromi , Akashi Koichi , Klemsz Michael J. , McKercher Scott R. , Maki Richard A. , Tenen Daniel G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe transcription factor PU.1 (also known as Spi-1) plays a critical role in the development of the myeloid lineages, and myeloid cells derived from PU.1−/− animals are blocked at the earliest stage of myeloid differentiation. Expression of the PU.1 gene is tightly regulated during normal hematopoietic development, and dysregulation of PU.1 expression can lead to erythroleukemia. However, relatively little is known about how the PU.1 gene is regulated in vivo. Here it is shown that myeloid cell type–specific expression of PU.1 in stable cell lines and transgenic animals is conferred by a 91-kilobase (kb) murine genomic DNA fragment that consists of the entire PU.1 gene (20 kb) plus approximately 35 kb of upstream and downstream sequences, respectively. To further map the important transcriptional regulatory elements, deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive site mapping studies revealed at least 3 clusters in the PU.1 gene. A 3.5-kb fragment containing one of these deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites, located −14 kb 5′ of the transcriptional start site, conferred myeloid cell type–specific expression in stably transfected cell lines, suggesting that within this region is an element important for myeloid specific expression of PU.1. Further analysis of this myeloid-specific regulatory element will provide insight into the regulation of this key transcriptional regulator and may be useful as a tool for targeting expression to the myeloid lineage.
Benzene metabolites antagonize etoposide-stabilized cleavable complexes of DNA topoisomerase IIα
Authors: Baker Ronda K. , Kurz Ebba U. , Pyatt David W. , Irons Richard D. , Kroll David J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChronic exposure to benzene is associated with hematotoxicity and acute myelogenous leukemia. Inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (topo II) has been implicated in the development of benzene-induced cytogenetic aberrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of topo II inhibition by benzene metabolites. In a DNA cleavage/relaxation assay, topo II was inhibited byp-benzoquinone and hydroquinone at 10 μM and 10 mM, respectively. On peroxidase activation, inhibition was seen with 4,4′-biphenol, hydroquinone, and catechol at 10 μM, 10 μM, and 30 μM, respectively. But, in no case was cleavable complex stabilization observed and the metabolites appeared to act at an earlier step of the enzyme cycle. In support of this conclusion, several metabolites antagonized etoposide-stabilized cleavable complex formation and inhibited topo II–DNA binding. It is therefore unlikely that benzene-induced acute myelogenous leukemia stems from events invoked for leukemogenic topo II cleavable complex-stabilizing antitumor agents.
Immunophenotypic profiles in families with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Bleesing Jack J. H. , Brown Margaret R. , Straus Stephen E. , Dale Janet K. , Siegel Richard M. , Johnson Michele , Lenardo Michael J. , Puck Jennifer M. , Fleisher Thomas A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type Ia is caused by inherited defects in apoptosis and is characterized by nonmalignant lymphoaccumulation, autoimmunity, and increased α/β+ double-negative T cells (α/β+-DNT cells). This study reports immunophenotypic findings in 166 members of 31 families with ALPS type Ia, associated with genetic mutations in theTNFRSF6 gene encoding Fas. The ALPS type Ia probands (n = 31) and relatives having both a Fas mutation and clinically proven ALPS (n = 28) showed significant expansion of CD8+T cells, α/β+-DNT cells, γ/δ+-DNT cells, CD3+/ HLA-DR+ T cells, CD8+/CD57+ T cells, and CD5+ B cells. Relatives with Fas mutations, but without all the required criteria for ALPS (n = 42), had expansions of CD8+ T cells, α/β+-DNT cells, and γ/δ+-DNT cells. Interestingly, relatives without a Fas mutation and with no features of ALPS (n = 65) demonstrated a small but significant expansion of CD8+ T cells, both DNT cell subsets, and CD5+ B cells. As compared to unrelated healthy controls, lymphocyte subset alterations were greatest in the probands, followed by the relatives with mutations and ALPS. Probands and relatives with mutations and ALPS also showed a lower number of CD4+/CD25+ T cells that, in combination with an independent increase in HLA-DR+ T cells, provided a profile predictive of the presence of clinical ALPS. Because quantitative defects in apoptosis were similar in mutation-positive relatives regardless of the presence of clinical ALPS, factors, other than modifiers of the Fas apoptosis pathway, leading to these distinctive immunophenotypic profiles most likely contribute to disease penetrance in ALPS.
Interleukin-10 modulates the sensitivity of peritoneal B lymphocytes to chemokines with opposite effects on stromal cell–derived factor-1 and B-lymphocyte chemoattractant
Authors: Balabanian Karl , Foussat Arnaud , Bouchet-Delbos Laurence , Couderc Jacques , Krzysiek Roman , Amara Ali , Baleux Françoise , Portier Alain , Galanaud Pierre , Emilie Dominique 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInterleukin-10 (IL-10) is constitutively produced by peritoneal B1a lymphocytes, and stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) by mesothelial cells. Independent studies have shown that both IL-10 and SDF-1 are involved in the persistence of the peritoneal B-lymphocyte compartment. This study shows that IL-10 and SDF-1 act in synergy on peritoneal B lymphocytes. Indeed, autocrine production of IL-10 was absolutely required for all effects of SDF-1 on these cells, including increased proliferation, survival, and chemotaxis. Moreover, adding IL-10 to peritoneal B lymphocytes increased the effects of SDF-1. Neither IL-5, IL-6, nor IL-9 affected the response of peritoneal B lymphocytes to SDF-1. IL-10 was chemokinetic for peritoneal B lymphocytes, increasing their random mobility. It also potentiated the SDF-1–induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton without affecting CXCR4 gene expression by peritoneal B lymphocytes. Despite its chemokinetic properties, IL-10 abolished the migration of peritoneal B lymphocytes in response to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), a chemokine targeting B lymphocytes to lymphoid organ follicles. The ability of B1a lymphocytes to produce IL-10 constitutively, combined with the opposite effects of this cytokine on the responses to SDF-1 and BLC, may account for the selective accumulation of B1 lymphocytes in body cavities.
Multiple hematopoietic cell lineages develop in vivo from transplanted Pax5-deficient pre-B I–cell clones
Authors: Schaniel Christoph , Bruno Ludovica , Melchers Fritz , Rolink Antonius G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPax5-deficient pre-B I–cell clones, transplanted into natural killer (NK)–cell–deficient RAG2−/−IL-2Rγ−/−hosts, populate the NK-cell compartment with functional NK cells. NK-cell generation fromPax5−/−pre-B I cells is also observed in NK-cell–proficient Balb/c RAG2−/− hosts. In the same Balb/c RAG2−/− hosts,Pax5−/− pre-B I–cell clones not only populate the pre-B I–cell compartment and fill the deficient T-cell–lineage compartment in the thymus and the periphery of all hosts, as shown before, they also generate CD8α− and CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and granulocytes in vivo in approximately half the hosts. In some recipients, practically all the mature myeloid cells are ofPax5−/− origin, indicating the effectiveness by which Pax5−/−pre-B I cells can compete with endogenous myeloid precursors. In a smaller percentage of hosts, the generation of Pax5−/−pre-B I–cell–derived erythrocytes is observed 4 to 6 months after transplantation. The results indicate that Pax5−/−pre-B I cells can develop in vivo in hosts that have undergone transplantation to erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cell lineages. Hence, the Pax5−/−mutation introduces an unusual instability of differentiation in pre-B I cells so that they appear to dedifferentiate as far back as the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
P-glycoprotein–actin association through ERM family proteins: a role in P-glycoprotein function in human cells of lymphoid origin
Authors: Luciani Francesca , Molinari Agnese , Lozupone Francesco , Calcabrini Annarica , Lugini Luana , Stringaro Annarita , Puddu Patrizia , Arancia Giuseppe , Cianfriglia Maurizio , Fais Stefano 
Published: July 2002

AbstractP-glycoprotein is a 170-kd glycosylated transmembrane protein, expressed in a variety of human cells and belonging to the adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter family, whose membrane expression is functionally associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of P-glycoprotein functions remain unclear. On the basis of some evidence suggesting P-glycoprotein–actin cytoskeleton interaction, this study investigated the association of P-glycoprotein with ezrin, radixin, and moesin, a class of proteins that cross-link actin filaments with plasma membrane in a human cell line of lymphoid origin and that have been shown to link other ion-pump–related proteins. To this purpose, a multidrug-resistant variant of CCRF-CEM cells (CEM-VBL100) was used as a model to investigate the following: (1) the cellular localizations of P-glycoprotein and ezrin, radixin, and moesin and their molecular associations; and (2) the effects of ezrin, radixin, and moesin antisense oligonucleotides on multidrug resistance and P-glycoprotein function. The results showed that: (1) P-glycoprotein colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated with ezrin, radixin, and moesin; and (2) treatment with antisense oligonucleotides for ezrin, radixin, and moesin restored drug susceptibility consistently with inhibition of both drug efflux and actin–P-glycoprotein association and induction of cellular redistribution of P-glycoprotein. These data suggest that P-glycoprotein association with the actin cytoskeleton through ezrin, radixin, and moesin is key in conferring to human lymphoid cells a multidrug resistance phenotype. Strategies aimed at inhibiting P-glycoprotein–actin association may be helpful in increasing the efficiency of both antitumor and antiviral therapies.
Tumor Microvessel Density as a Predictor of Recurrence After Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Poon Ronnie Tung-Ping , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Lau Cecilia , Yu Wun-Ching , Yang Zhen-Fan , Fan Sheung-Tat , Wong John 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: This study prospectively evaluated the correlation of tumor microvessel density (MVD) with clinicopathologic features and postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor MVD was assessed in 100 patients with resection of HCC using a computer image analyzer after immunostaining for CD34 (MVD-CD34) and von Willebrand factor (MVD-vWF), respectively. Patients were prospectively followed for recurrence.RESULTS: Mean tumor MVD-CD34 (236/0.74 mm2) was higher than mean tumor MVD-vWF (87/0.74 mm2) (P < .001). By multiple regression analysis, tumor size was the only pathologic feature significantly related to tumor MVD-CD34. The median MVD-CD34 was 316/0.74 mm2in HCCs ≤ 5 cm (n = 46) and 146/0.74 mm2in HCCs more than 5 cm (n = 54) (P < .001). Among patients with HCCs ≤ 5 cm, those with higher than median MVD-CD34 had worse disease-free survival (at 3 years, 13%) than those with a lower MVD-CD34 (at 3 year, 74%) (P = .002). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor MVD-CD34 was the only significant factor predictive of disease-free survival in patients with HCC ≤ 5 cm. For HCCs more than 5 cm, MVD-CD34 did not have a significant prognostic influence. MVD-vWF did not have a significant prognostic influence on disease-free survival in either HCCs ≤ 5 cm or more than 5 cm.CONCLUSION: This study shows that a high MVD-CD34 was predictive of early postresection recurrence in patients with HCCs ≤ 5 cm and, therefore, may be a novel prognostic marker in this subset of patients.
Minimal Residual Disease in Gastric Cancer: Evidence of an Independent Prognostic Relevance of Urokinase Receptor Expression by Disseminated Tumor Cells in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Heiss Markus Maria , Simon Erich H. , Beyer Bianca C.M. , Gruetzner Klaus Uwe , Tarabichi Anwar , Babic Rudolf , Schildberg Friedrich Wilhelm , Allgayer Heike 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To study the invasion-related molecule urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) expressed by disseminated tumor cells as a biologic predictor of poor survival in a large prospective series of patients with gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 156 gastric cancer patients (prospective series), disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow and the u-PAR expressed by these tumor cells were determined by cytokeratin (CK) 18 immunocytochemistry and u-PAR/CK18 double immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: In contrast to the mere detection of disseminated tumor cells at primary surgery, the additional evidence of u-PAR on these cells correlated significantly with pathologic T stage (P = .0474) and the expression of u-PAR (P = .0093) and plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (P = .0145) in the primary tumor (immunohistochemistry, χ2). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no association with prognosis for the mere detection of disseminated tumor cells. In contrast, a significant association was seen between detection of u-PAR on these cells and shorter disease-free (P < .0001) and overall survival (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that u-PAR on disseminated tumor cells at the time of primary surgery is an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72 to 3.21; P = .024) and overall survival (P = .0049; relative risk, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.92 to 4.30). CONCLUSION: This is the first large study to show that u-PAR, detected on disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow, is an independent prognostic parameter in gastric cancer, in contrast to the mere detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). u-PAR may be a promising marker to define a critical subpopulation of disseminated tumor cells and a target to eliminate MRD. Molecular phenotyping of MRD is critical for defining its individual clinical relevance.
Dual‐Functional Self‐Assembled Molecule Enabling High‐Performance Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Nan , Xia Yu , Lou Yan‐Hui , Li Yu‐Han , Jin Run‐Jun , He Xiao‐Ying , Chen Chun‐Hao , Chen Jing , Wang Kai‐Li , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreat efforts have been made to improve the composition and structure of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) through methods such as dimensional reduction or halide engineering, thereby reducing non‐radiative recombination. However, deep‐blue PeLEDs still face a deep valence band issue. The mismatched energy level alignment between the perovskite and the hole transport layer (HTL) leads to charge accumulation, resulting in imbalanced carrier transport and injection. Herein, to address the issues of imbalanced carrier injection and defect states in PeLEDs, a deep‐blue perovskite emitter using [4‐(3,6‐Dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me‐4PACz) as the material to promote hole transport and passivate defects is presented. The stepwise energy level structure design can effectively reduce the hole injection barrier and improve the carrier injection efficiency. Additionally, the electron‐rich P═O bond can effectively passivate the unsaturated Pb2+ in perovskite, reducing non‐radiative recombination caused by defects. Ultimately, stable deep‐blue PeLEDs (≈458 nm) are successfully fabricated with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.33%. This study provides new insights into the application of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) in PeLEDs.
In Situ Cyclized Polyacrylonitrile Coating: Key to Stabilizing Porous High‐Entropy Oxide Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hong Chang , Tao Runming , Tan Susheng , Pressley Lucas A. , Bridges Craig A. , Li Hui‐Ying , Liu Xiaolang , Li Haifeng , Li Jianlin , Yuan Huiyu , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Liang Jiyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxides (HEOs) composed of multiple metal elements have attracted great attention as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the synergistic effects of various metal species. However, the practical applications of HEOs are still plagued by poor conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and poor cycling stability. Herein, nanosized (FeCoNiCrMn)3O4 HEO (NHEO) is prepared successfully by the NaCl‐assisted mechanical ball‐milling strategy. Novelly, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is used as the binder and then in situ thermochemically cyclized to construct a cyclized PAN (cPAN) outer layer onto NHEO (NHEO‐cPAN). The in situ formed cPAN coating not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also reinforces the structural and interfacial stability, and thereby, the resulted NHEO‐cPAN electrode exhibits significantly enhanced rate and cyclic performance. Specifically, NHEO‐PAN500 electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and a high‐capacity retention of 83% over 800 cycles at 3 A g−1. Furthermore, the structural evolution and electrochemical behavior of NHEO‐PAN electrode during discharge/charge is systematically investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, in situ impedance spectroscopy and ex situ high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the engineering of electrode and interphase for high‐performance HEO electrode materials, potentially enlightening the practical applications of HEO‐based LIBs.
Impregnate Carbonation: CO2‐Guided In Situ Growth of Robust Superhydrophobic Structures on Concrete Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Long , Ma Zihan , Gu Zhenjiang , Shen Peiliang , Tao Yong , Li Weihua , Poon Chi‐Sun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces applying on concrete can greatly improve the durability of concrete by preventing the damage from water. However, traditional design of superhydrophobic concrete surfaces by external coating encounters to problems of flaking and poor surface robustness, while that by adding hydrophobic agents or particles faces the challenges of strength damage of concrete. Drawing inspiration from the carbonation phenomenon of concrete, here a new design of in situ growing superhydrophobic structures on concrete is proposed: The concrete sample is impregnated into Mg2+‐containing silane–water system with continuous CO2 injection. The contact angle of the concrete surface achieves 171.9° without obvious strength decrease after 120 min, which are mainly attributed to the formation of CaxMg1−xCO3 crystals with micro‐nano‐structures and the reduction of carbonates surface energy by silane. This superhydrophobic concrete structure can be divided into a superhydrophobic–hydrophobic–hydrophilic three layers structure, providing the stable water‐proof protection under mechanical fatigue, capillary water absorption, UV aging, sulfate attack, and impurity water impact tests due to the in situ growing robust superhydrophobic structures. Furthermore, it captures 29.80 g m−2 CO2 during the reaction process, providing new insights for the design and preparation of eco‐friendly superhydrophobic concrete.
High‐Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics Enabled by Robust Silver Nanowires/S‐PH1000 Hybrid Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Zheng Xiangjun , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Sen , Zhou Ying , Wang Mengting , Chen Tingjun , Wang Yiming , Bi ZhaoZhao , Fu Weifei , Du Miao , Ma Wei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (is‐OPVs) hold significant promise for integration into self‐powered wearable electronics. However, their potential is hindered by the lack of sufficient consistency between optoelectronic and mechanical properties. This is primarily due to the limited availability of stretchable transparent electrodes (STEs) that possess both high conductivity and stretchability. Here, a hybrid STE with exceptional conductivity, stretchability, and thermal stability is presented. Specifically, STEs are composed of the modified PH1000 (referred to as S‐PH1000) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The S‐PH1000 endows the STE with good stretchability and smoothens the surface, while the AgNWs enhance the charge transport. The resulting hybrid STEs enable is‐OPVs to a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.32%, positioning them among the top‐performing is‐OPVs. With 10% elastomer, the devices retain 82% of the initial PCE after 500 cycles at 20% strain. Additionally, OPVs equipped with these STEs exhibit superior thermal stability compared to those using indium tin oxide electrodes, maintaining 75% of the initial PCE after annealing at 85 °C for 390 h. The findings underscore the suitability of the designed hybrid electrodes for efficient and stable is‐OPVs, offering a promising avenue for the future application of OPVs.
Enriched Oxygen Coverage Localized within Ir Atomic Grids for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lin Hao Yang , Yang Qian Qian , Lin Miao Yu , Xu Hao Guan , Tang Xuan , Fu Huai Qin , Wu Haoran , Zhu Minghui , Zhou Lihui , Yuan Hai Yang , Dai Sheng , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInefficient active site utilization of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts have limited the energy efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Here, an atomic grid structure is demonstrated composed of high‐density Ir sites (≈10 atoms per nm2) on reactive MnO2–x support which mediates oxygen coverage‐enhanced OER process. Experimental characterizations verify the low‐valent Mn species with decreased oxygen coordination in MnO2–x exert a pivotal impact in the enriched oxygen coverage on the surface during OER process, and the distributed Ir atomic grids, where highly electrophilic Ir─O(II‐δ)− bonds proceed rapidly, render intense nucleophilic attack of oxygen radicals. Thereby, this metal‐support cooperation achieves ultra‐low overpotentials of 166 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 283 mV at 500 mA cm−2, together with a striking mass activity which is 380 times higher than commercial IrO2 at 1.53 V. Moreover, its high OER performance also markedly surpasses the commercial Ir black catalyst in PEM electrolyzers with long‐term stability.
Harnessing Radicals: Advances in Self‐Assembly and Molecular Machinery
Authors: Lee Christopher Keith , Gangadharappa Chandrasekhar , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Kim Dong Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadicals, with their unpaired electrons, exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that have long intrigued chemists. Despite early skepticism about their stability, the discovery of persistent radicals has opened new possibilities for molecular interactions. This review examines the mechanisms and applications of radically driven self‐assembly, focusing on key motifs such as naphthalene diimides, tetrathiafulvalenes, and viologens, which serve as models for radical assembly. The potential of radical interactions in the development of artificial molecular machines (AMMs) are also discussed. These AMMs, powered by radical‐radical interactions, represent significant advancements in non‐equilibrium chemistry, mimicking the functionalities of biological systems. From molecular switches to ratchets and pumps, the versatility and unique properties of radically powered AMMs are highlighted. Additionally, the applications of radical assembly in materials science are explored, particularly in creating smart materials with redox‐responsive properties. The review concludes by comparing AMMs to biological molecular machines, offering insights into future directions. This overview underscores the impact of radical chemistry on molecular assembly and its promising applications in both synthetic and biological systems.