bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gcsf-Chr19 Promotes Neutrophil Migration to Damaged Tissue through Blood Vessels in Zebrafish
Authors: Galdames Jorge A. , Zuñiga-Traslaviña Constanza , Reyes Ariel E. , Feijóo Carmen G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
G-CSF is an essential cytokine that regulates proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In mammals G-CSF has been identified as a key factor that promotes the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow into the blood circulation. In silico analysis indicates that zebrafish has two gcsf genes, gcsf-chr12 in chromosome 12 and gcsf-chr19 in chromosome 19. Gcsf-Chr12 participates in emergency myelopoiesis, but, in contrast to its mammalian orthologue, is not involved in neutrophil migration toward damaged tissue. In turn, the function of Gcsf-Chr19 has not been examined yet. In this study, we analyzed the role of Gcsf-Chr19 in regulating neutrophil migration toward the wound. Our results indicated that during the first h after caudal fin transection, neutrophils migrate from the hematopoietic tissue toward the injury, using the extracellular matrix as a substrate. Later, between 3 and 4 h postdamage, the recruitment mainly occurs through the bloodstream, and only a few neutrophils still use the extracellular matrix to migrate. During this process, the transcriptional levels of gcsf-chr19 are considerably increased, reaching a peak 1 h postdamage. The knockdown of Gcsf-chr19 indicated that the percentage of neutrophils that reach the wound decreased after the first h postinjury, suggesting that the knockdown specifically affects neutrophils that travel to the wound through blood vessels. Together, our data provide novel information about the regulation of neutrophil migration in zebrafish, positioning Gcsf-Chr19 as a key signal during the course of an inflammatory process triggered by severe damage.
Characterization of Conventional and Atypical Receptors for the Chemokine CCL2 on Mouse Leukocytes
Authors: Ford Laura B. , Cerovic Vuk , Milling Simon W. F. , Graham Gerard J. , Hansell Chris A. H. , Nibbs Robert J. B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Chemokine-directed leukocyte migration is crucial for effective immune and inflammatory responses. Conventional chemokine receptors (cCKRs) directly control cell movement; atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) regulate coexpressed cCKRs; and both cCKRs and ACKRs internalize chemokines to limit their abundance in vivo, a process referred to as scavenging. A leukocyte’s migratory and chemokine-scavenging potential is determined by which cCKRs and ACKRs it expresses, and by the ligand specificity, signaling properties, and chemokine internalization capacity of these receptors. Most chemokines can bind at least one cCKR and one ACKR. CCL2 can bind to CCR2 (a cCKR) and two ACKRs (ACKR1 and ACKR2). In this study, by using fluorescent CCL2 uptake to label cells bearing functional CCL2 receptors, we have defined the expression profile, scavenging activity, and ligand specificity of CCL2 receptors on mouse leukocytes. We show that qualitative and quantitative differences in the expression of CCR2 and ACKR2 endow individual leukocyte subsets with distinctive CCL2 receptor profiles and CCL2-scavenging capacities. We reveal that some cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, can express both CCR2 and ACKR2; that Ly6Chigh monocytes have particularly strong CCL2-scavenging potential in vitro and in vivo; and that CCR2 is a much more effective CCL2 scavenger than ACKR2. We confirm the unique, overlapping, ligand specificities of CCR2 and ACKR2 and, unexpectedly, find that cell context influences the interaction of CCL7 and CCL12 with CCR2. Fluorescent chemokine uptake assays were instrumental in providing these novel insights into CCL2 receptor biology, and the sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of these assays are discussed.
IL-27 Limits Central Nervous System Viral Clearance by Promoting IL-10 and Enhances Demyelination
Authors: de Aquino Maria Teresa P. , Kapil Parul , Hinton David R. , Phares Timothy W. , Puntambekar Shweta S. , Savarin Carine , Bergmann Cornelia C. , Stohlman Stephen A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
IL-27 is a pleiotropic member of the IL-6 and IL-12 cytokine family composed of the IL-27p28 and the EBV-induced gene 3. IL-27 and its receptor mRNA are both upregulated in the CNS during acute encephalomyelitis induced by the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) and sustained during viral persistence. Contributions of IL-27 to viral pathogenesis were evaluated by infection of IL-27Rα-chain–deficient (IL-27Rα−/−) mice. The absence of IL-27 signaling accelerated virus control within the CNS associated with increased IFN-γ secreting virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Abrogation of IL-27 signaling did not affect virus-specific CD8+ T cell–mediated IL-10 production or cytolytic activity or Foxp3+ regulatory T cell populations. However, IL-10 production by virus-specific CD4+ T cells was reduced significantly. Despite increased T cell–mediated antiviral function in IL-27Rα−/− mice, the virus persisted in the CNS at similar levels as in wild-type mice. Nevertheless, IL-27Rα−/− mice exhibited decreased clinical disease during persistence, coincident with less severe demyelination, the hallmark tissue damage associated with JHMV infection. Overall, these data demonstrate that in contrast to viral infections at other sites, IL-27 does not play a proinflammatory role during JHMV-induced encephalomyelitis. Rather, it limits CNS inflammation and impairs control of CNS virus replication via induction of IL-10 in virus-specific CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, in contrast to its protective role in limiting CNS autoimmunity and preventing immunopathology, these data define a detrimental role of IL-27 in promoting demyelination by delaying viral control.
Tofacitinib Suppresses Antibody Responses to Protein Therapeutics in Murine Hosts
Authors: Onda Masanori , Ghoreschi Kamran , Steward-Tharp Scott , Thomas Craig , O’Shea John J. , Pastan Ira H. , FitzGerald David J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Immunogenicity remains the “Achilles' heel” of protein-based therapeutics. Anti-drug Abs produced in response to protein therapeutics can severely limit both the safety and efficacy of this expanding class of agent. In this article, we report that monotherapy of mice with tofacitinib (the JAK inhibitor) quells Ab responses to an immunotoxin derived from the bacterial protein Pseudomonas exotoxin A, as well as to the model Ag keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Thousand-fold reductions in IgG1 titers to both Ags were observed 21 d post immunization. In fact, suppression was evident for all IgG isotypes and IgM. A reduction in IgG3 production was also noted with a thymus-independent type II Ag. Mechanistic investigations revealed that tofacitinib treatment led to reduced numbers of CD127+ pro–B cells. Furthermore, we observed fewer germinal center B cells and the impaired formation of germinal centers of mice treated with tofacitinib. Because normal Ig levels were still present during tofacitinib treatment, this agent specifically reduced anti-drug Abs, thus preserving the potential efficacy of biological therapeutics, including those used as cancer therapeutics.
Critical clinical appraisal of the role of computed tomography-guided minimally invasive aspiration cytology in evaluation of retroperitoneal masses
Authors: Das Chhanda , Sengupta Moumita , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Saha Ashis Kumar 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Context: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is increasing in popularity as a means of diagnosing mass lesions in retroperitoneal area. With use of radiologic guidance for needle placement, this technique is an effective way to obtain diagnostic material. Aims: The aims of the study were (1) to establish the validity and reliability of fine needle aspiration cytology in preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor, and (2) to compare the significance of cytological diagnosis with histopathological report. Settings and Design: A prospective, cross-sectional hospital-based study. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was designed on 45 cases of clinically and radiologically diagnosed retroperitoneal tumor in a tertiary care hospital. Computerized tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous FNA was performed and cytology smears were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. Smears were broadly categorized into unsatisfactory, benign, suspicious of malignancy and malignant lesion. The cytological diagnosis was compared with subsequent histopathology report. Statistical Analysis: Positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic accuracy, chi-square test and others. Results: The total number of cases studied was 45, which include both epithelial tumors and mesenchymal tumors. Age group varied from 15 to 70 years. The overall sensitivity in our study to diagnose benign and malignant tumors by FNA cytology is 86% and the specificity is 96% with positive and negative predictive value of 86% and 96%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 93.55% with high statistical significance (P < 0.001). Conclusions: FNA cytology is a simple, fast, reliable and less expensive method for diagnosis of various retroperitoneal neoplasms.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the broad ligament
Authors: Chandarana Mihir N. , Raghu Shankar , Bhagat Monica , Qureshi Sajid 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBroad ligament tumors are uncommon. Sarcomas rarely arise from the broad ligament, leiomyosarcomas being the most common. Rhabdomyosarcomas of the broad ligament are very rare. To the best of our knowledge, no case of an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the broad ligament has been reported in literature.
Speciation and Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Using Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study
Authors: Ukena Takanori , Matsumoto Eri , Nishimura Tsutomu , Harn Joanne Chan Sheot , Lee Ch'ng Ai , Rojanapantip Laddawan , Mayteeyonpiriya Nongnuch , Suthilucksanavanish Kulwilai , Yamada Yukiko ,   Collaborators:, Ang W M , Baba K , Chew P , Daigo F , Fagnoi S , Hoshino M , Inaba T , Ito T , Ito Y , Kato T , Kraisin N , Kuen M L , Meeglin K , Morita T , Nagao M , Narukawa T , Saito K , Saito N , Syamsudin  , Sinaviwat S , Sugie M , Tharatha S , Ting T B , Tsujimoto H , Uraroongroj M , Yamashita K , Yan C H , Yoshida T , Yoshimura K , Zama S 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
An analytical method to speciate two inorganic As forms [arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V)] in indica and japonica types of rice (both husked and polished) and determine the inorganic As concentration as the sum of these two was internationally validated. The method can additionally determine two organic As compounds, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid, in rice as separate LC peaks. The method is based on LC separation and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS detection. The method was evaluated through the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry/International Organization for Standardization/AOAC harmonized protocol. Sixteen laboratories from four countries participated in the study, and 13 laboratories returned valid data. Twenty test portions of 10 blind duplicates of indica and japonica type rice samples (both husked and polished) were used in this study. Repeatability RSD (RSDr) and reproducibility RSD (RSDR) were calculated at five concentrations of total inorganic As between 0.03 and 0.68 mg/kg. The RSDr was in a range of 3.8 to 7.7% and the RSDR was in a range of 10 to 36%. These performance characteristics were found to be sufficient for determination of inorganic As at or higher than 0.03 mg/kg. Applicability of the method was estimated to be in a range of 0.02–2.0 mg/kg.
Être écrivaine et « reine du foyer » dans les années 1920 et 1930
Authors: Smart Patricia 
Published: June 2014

Dans le Québec des années 1920 et 1930, où la glorification de la femme comme « reine du foyer » était à son comble, les pressions sur les femmes pour se marier et se consacrer à la vocation maternelle étaient énormes, et la difficulté de s’imposer en tant qu’écrivaine demeurait considérable. Le journal intime de la romancière Michelle Le Normand, l’épouse du romancier Léo-Paul Desrosiers et la mère de trois enfants, est un témoignage précieux sur ce conflit, tel que vécu par une femme qui a trouvé dans les idées conservatrices de son temps à la fois un soutien et une entrave à sa liberté de penser et d’écrire.
Femmes, chroniques et billets dans les années 1930
Authors: Savoie Chantal 
Published: June 2014

Alors que les chroniques avaient incarné la voie d’accès au monde littéraire pour les femmes de lettres canadiennes-françaises de la génération des Françoise, Madeleine, Gaétane de Montreuil et Eva Circé au tournant du xxe siècle, elles deviennent de plus en plus marginales au sein d’un espace médiatico-littéraire en pleine transformation à la fin des années 1920 et au cours des années 1930. Ces chroniques et billets continuent néanmoins à se distinguer par leur double ancrage, littéraire et médiatique, qui en fait le baromètre de transformations de l’espace socioculturel. Les chroniques des années 1930 marquent ainsi la fin du cycle amorcé au tournant du xxe siècle, celui où la chronique littéraire joue un rôle médiatique de premier plan dans l’économie culturelle féminine.
Désirer un « Sauvage »
Authors: Chartier Daniel 
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article, l’auteur étudie la figure de l’Amérindien dans un roman méconnu des années 1930, Mon Sauvage de Laure Berthiaume-Denault, qu’il replace dans l’évolution historique de ce personnage dans la littérature. Considéré à sa parution comme le premier roman canadien-français qui représente l’Amérindien en tant que sujet, l’oeuvre de Berthiaume-Denault offre un intéressant renversement et une féminisation de la perspective littéraire sur la figure du « Sauvage », ici dépeint comme un homme urbain, contemporain, éduqué et professionnel. Malgré quelques maladresses et clichés, le roman induit une tension entre le désir de la figure de l’« Indien » et une peur des stéréotypes sociaux et culturels qui y sont liés. Il propose une vision à contre-courant des théories du début du siècle contre la mixité dans le mariage.
Le consentement à l’image
Authors: Lambert Vincent 
Published: June 2014

En octobre 1935, un passage a lieu dans l’oeuvre poétique d’Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau, entre des « Esquisses en plein air » tournées vers les paysages du monde « extérieur » et une série de poèmes proposant des personnages et des paraboles dont la tâche est de symboliser le monde « intérieur », tels « Le Jeu » ou « Commencement perpétuel ». Curieusement, le passage s’est fait, semble-t-il, à l’insu de Garneau, qui continue dans son journal et ses lettres à adhérer à une poésie et à un art ancrés dans le sensible, alors que les poèmes qu’il écrit au même instant font un théâtre de sa vie intérieure. Le renversement est tel que l’autoréflexivité, perçue comme le plus grand obstacle à l’écriture comme à la prière, devient le moteur de la créativité. L’hypothèse formulée ici, à partir d’une citation de Goethe, est que cette poésie cherche avant tout, à l’extérieur comme à l’intérieur, une voie de réconciliation des contraires, une voie pour intérioriser le dehors et pour extérioriser le dedans. Cette confluence du dehors et du dedans est la grande intuition garnélienne.
Clutter Management for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kalina J. Tamar 
Published: June 2014

Background: Although there is substantial anecdotal evidence that clutter is common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), the literature contains no reports of studies on the actual prevalence of the problem or its impact on functional performance in this population. Clutter promotes confusion and places individuals in potentially dangerous situations by increasing their risks of falling, losing medications, and misplacing important documents. In addition, it may negatively affect activities of daily living (ADLs). Many common MS symptoms such as decreased mobility, visual or cognitive changes, fatigue, and depression can exacerbate clutter accumulation, which in turn can have detrimental effects on physical, financial, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. It is critical for MS clinicians to address clutter management in order to improve patients' overall functional independence and participation.
Methods: A clutter reduction protocol was developed and implemented at our institution for individuals with MS. Our group program addresses psychosocial issues preventing organization and offers practical strategies for clutter removal and management to improve performance in ADLs. A clutter questionnaire is administered to individuals before and after their participation in the group program.
Results: Anecdotal reports indicate that the intervention helped to reduce clutter, promote a more realistic attitude toward “possessions,” and establish a sense of accomplishment in controlling one's environment. Participants also reported fewer falls, feeling less isolated, increased ease in finding their medications, and a general sense of cognitive clarity in accomplishing ADLs. Outcome assessments are now being developed to objectively measure these effects as well as the prevalence of clutter within the MS population.
Conclusions: Clutter management is an important area for MS clinicians to address because it can significantly affect patients' functioning, safety, performance of ADLs, and quality of life.
Assessing Palpation Thresholds of Osteopathic Medical Students Using Static Models of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Snider Eric J. , Pamperin Kenneth , Johnson Jane C. , Shurtz Natalie R. , Degenhardt Brian F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Context: Although spinal somatic dysfunction diagnosis is taught at all colleges of osteopathic medicine, few objective measures have been used to evaluate student accuracy.

Objective: To assess the palpatory skills of osteopathic medical students in evaluating positional asymmetry in the transverse plane using static block transverse process and lumbar spine models.

Methods: For this observational study, first-year osteopathic medical students completed 3 palpatory assessments using uncovered and covered block transverse process and lumbar spine models to simulate a range of positional asymmetries of the transverse processes. With use of logistic regression, 80%, 90%, and 95% thresholds were defined as the magnitude of asymmetry for which the predicted probability of students correctly determining the direction of asymmetry exceeded a specified amount (.80, .90, or .95).

Results: A total of 346 students completed the assessments. For the uncovered block transverse process model (assessment 1), students correctly identified the direction of asymmetry with .89 probability at 1 mm of asymmetry (80% threshold), .94 probability at 2 mm (90% threshold), and .95 probability at 3 mm (95% threshold). For the covered block transverse process model, students correctly identified the direction of asymmetry with .80 probability at 1 mm (80% threshold), .92 probability at 2 mm (90% threshold), and .98 probability at 3 mm (95% threshold) by the third assessment. For the uncovered lumbar spine model (assessment 2), students correctly identified the direction of asymmetry with .93 probability at 2 mm (80% and 90% thresholds) and .95 probability at 3 mm (95% threshold). For the covered lumbar spine model (assessments 2 and 3), students correctly identified the direction of asymmetry with .87 probability at 4 mm (80% threshold); 90% and 95% thresholds were not reached with the range of asymmetries tested.

Conclusion: Most first-year osteopathic medical students were able to discern the direction of positional asymmetry of transverse processes on static models. Depending on the model type, student performance improved (block transverse process models) or declined (lumbar spine models) over time. Future studies should evaluate whether accuracy of palpating lumbar spine models translates to accuracy of palpating human lumbar spines.
Geological structure of the Paradox Valley Region, Colorado, and relationship to seismicity induced by deep well injection
Authors: King Vanessa M. , Block Lisa V. , Yeck William L. , Wood Christopher K. , Derouin Sarah A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) operates a deep injection well at Paradox Valley in western Colorado. Seismicity has been recorded since 1985, with more than 5900 likely induced earthquakes detected since injection operations began in 1991, making this project a unique and valuable case study in the long‐term development of injection‐induced seismicity. Likely induced earthquakes occur in a complex pattern with clusters separated by aseismic gaps of 2 km or more, and have been observed up to 16 km from the injection well. To evaluate how the subsurface geologic structure may control the occurrence of induced seismicity, we compare the earthquake locations to a set of geologic models that Reclamation commissioned prior to drilling the injection well. Our analysis indicates that many aspects of the observed seismicity pattern can be attributed to the complex geologic structure. The earthquake depths and locations are generally consistent with the structural trends of the primary injection target formation, within the uncertainty of the models, and some of the mapped basement faults appear to serve as boundaries in the earthquake locations, suggesting that they are barriers to flow. Additionally, the majority of events follow the predicted fluid flow pattern, which trends northwest–southeast and wraps around Paradox Valley. Some features of the seismicity pattern, such as the early onset of seismicity to the northwest of the injection well and the distinct clustering, are not explained by the current geologic models and may be related to unmapped geologic features or local variations in the stress field.
Groundwater flow dynamics and arsenic source characterization in an aquifer system of West Bengal, India
Authors: Desbarats A. J. , Koenig C. E. M. , Pal T. , Mukherjee P. K. , Beckie R. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNumerical groundwater flow modeling, reverse particle tracking, and environmental tracers are used to locate the source of geogenic As affecting an aquifer in West Bengal. The aquifer is hosted by point‐bar sands deposited in a meandering fluvial environment. Wells tapping the aquifer exhibit As concentrations up to 531 μg/L. High‐As groundwaters are recharged in ponds marking an abandoned river channel. The source of As is traced to the underlying fine‐grained channel‐fill sediments. Arsenic release within these sediments is accompanied by a concomitant release of Br and DOC indicating that these species may be decay products of natural organobromines codeposited along with As. Mass transfer of As to the dissolved phase and its flushing from source sediments are described using a simplified reactive solute transport model. Based on this model, a characteristic reaction time for mass transfer is estimated at 6.7 years. Average groundwater residence times in the source are estimated to have declined from 16.6 to 6.6 years with the advent of intensive irrigation pumping. The ratio of residence and reaction times, a Damköhler number, has declined correspondingly from 2.49 to 0.99, indicating a shift from transport to reaction rate limited As mobilization. Greater insight into the As problem in SE Asia may be achieved by shifting the focus of field investigations from aquifers to potential contamination sources in aquitards.