bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An audit of eye dryness and corneal abrasion in ICU patients in Iran
Authors: Masoudi Alavi Negin , Sharifitabar Zahra , Shaeri Mehdi , Adib Hajbaghery Mohsen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of sedation and muscle relaxants can predispose intensive care unit (ICU) patients to poor eyelid closure and eye disorders. These complications may not get the nursing care and attention that they require; this and the predisposing factors need to be further investigated.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this audit was to use the standard eye‐care technique and determine the incidence of eye dryness and corneal abrasion, on day 5 after admission, in comatose patients in the ICU.Design and methodsThis was an audit, in the four ICUs in two teaching hospitals in the cities of Kashan and Tehran. An ophthalmologist examined the corneal abrasion and eye dryness on the day of admission and then day 5. The eye‐care method and other variables such as sex and age were also recorded. Statistical tests of χ2, spearman and multiple linear regressions were used to determine the relationships between variables.ResultsEighty‐seven patients participated in the audit. On day 5, 28 patients (32·2%) had dry eyes and 12 patients had developed corneal abrasion (13·8%). The mean of Schirmer tear value on admission was 21 ± 4·5 mm. This value decreased to 16·1 ± 5·6 mm on day 5. About 10·3% of patients who received eye lubricant products, and 20·7% of those receiving adhesive tape as eye‐care method developed corneal abrasion.ConclusionsCorneal abrasion and eye dryness were common problems in ICU patients. Eye dryness was the main risk factor for the development of corneal abrasion. Patients receiving adhesive tape as an eye‐care method were twice more likely to develop corneal abrasion.Relevance to clinical practiceEye care and eye assessment should be essential parts of nursing care for patients in ICU. To prevent corneal abrasion, using eye lubricants is more effective than closing eyes by adhesive tape.
Student nurses in critical care: benefits and challenges of critical care as a learning environment for student nurses
Authors: Williams Elizabeth , Palmer Chris 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAimThis article is a literature view of student nurses' experiences of critical care and the value of their experience to the nursing community. To explore the literature in relation to the value of critical care as a learning environment, the experiences and perceptions of student nurses in critical care and the impact of mentors on the experience.BackgroundThe shortage of critical care nurses and increasing numbers of acutely ill patients being cared for outside critical care areas has highlighted the importance of nurses being equipped with appropriate knowledge and skills to care for such patients. Student nurses have been experiencing critical care for many years and though it is accepted that it can be a stressful environment, there has been little empirical evidence of this. As anxiety has been said to interfere with learning, how much of an impact can this have and can anything be done about it?Search strategyUsing Medline, CINAHL and British Nursing Index (BNI) and search terms including nursing students or student nurses, critical or intensive care and perceptions, expectations or pre‐conceptions, a literature search was carried out. Some articles explored registered nurses experiences, despite the titles, so this was set as an exclusion criteria.ConclusionsCritical care offers a wealth of learning opportunities which are only available in high acuity areas. Though students can be very anxious before commencing their placements, mentors and higher education play an important part in helping them overcome this. The challenge is how to work together to provide effective support systems for the benefit of the students.
The temporal dynamics of cognitive reappraisal: Cardiovascular consequences of downregulation of negative emotion and upregulation of positive emotion
Authors: Pavlov Sergei V. , Reva Natalia V. , Loktev Konstantin V. , Tumyalis Alexei V. , Korenyok Vladimir V. , Aftanas Lyubomir I. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examines the effects of cognitive reappraisal on the cardiovascular response to affective stimuli. Participants (N = 53) were shown affective images and were asked either to attend to the images, or to downregulate negative affect through reappraisal of negative images or upregulate positive affect through reappraisal of positive images while continuous measures of cardiovascular activity were recorded. Reappraisal of negative images was associated with lower total peripheral resistance and larger cardiac output in the prestimulus period, whereas reappraisal of positive images was associated with less pronounced decreases of heart rate, cardiac output, and mean blood pressure in the viewing period as compared to unregulated conditions. The results indicate that cognitive reappraisal engenders adaptive hemodynamic profiles both during anticipation and during viewing of affective images depending on their valence and the regulatory goal.
Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Based Industrial Productivity in China: A Sustainable Development Analysis
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Santos‐Paulino Amelia U. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper investigates the determinants of productivity growth in China. It also analyses the sustainability of the country's industrial growth by estimating sectoral productivity, accounting for energy usage and emission since the market‐oriented reforms launched in the late 1970s. The empirical analysis indicates that productivity is the most significant driver of growth. The substantial productivity improvement of China's industry is mainly attributable to high‐tech light industrial sectors. Heavy industry lags behind in terms of productivity and overall technical change.
The Role of Trade in Intra‐Industry Productivity Growth—the Case of Old and New European Union Countries
Authors: Parteka Aleksandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of trade in productivity growth in a sample of 30 sectors in 25 EU countries in the period of rapid East–West integration (1995–2007). Shift‐share analysis is used to show that changes in value added per hour worked in these countries appear to be mainly due to positive developments (rising productivity) within single industries and only to a lower extent result from a shift towards higher productivity activities. Trade is found to be an important positive determinant of intra‐industry productivity growth in European countries. Exports and imports alike can be associated with efficiency gains, but intermediate good exchange and trade with New Member States exert a particularly strong influence on intra‐industry productivity growth in the EU.
West African Single Currency and Competitiveness
Authors: Dufrénot Gilles , Sugimoto Kimiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper compares different nominal anchors to promote internal and external competitiveness in the case of a fixed exchange rate regime for the future single regional currency of the Economic Community of the West African States (ECOWAS). We use counterfactual analyses and estimate a model of dependent economy for small commodity exporting countries. We consider four foreign anchor currencies: the US dollar, the euro, the yen and the yuan. Our simulations show little support for a dominant peg in the ECOWAS area if they pursue several goals: maximizing the export revenues, minimizing their variability, stabilizing them and minimizing the real exchange rate misalignments from the fundamental value.
Experimental Analysis of Thermo‐mechanical Behaviour of Electronic Components with Speckle Interferometry
Authors: Casavola C. , Lamberti L. , Moramarco V. , Pappalettera G. , Pappalettere C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTExperimental investigations of thermo‐mechanical behaviour of electronic components may help to prevent catastrophic in‐service failures. Non‐contact optical techniques such as speckle and moiré interferometry are naturally suited for carrying out measurements on electronic equipment as they are non‐invasive techniques and provide high‐resolution full‐field information on displacements. In spite of its inherent ability to measure deformations at the nanometer level, there are few examples of application of speckle interferometry to true monitoring of thermo‐mechanical behaviour of electronic components in real time. For this reason, the paper presents a phase shifting electronic speckle pattern interferometry (PSESPI) experimental set‐up developed in order to monitor the time evolution of thermal deformations in electronic components for aerospace applications submitted to normal or anomalous working conditions. Cyclic loads are also analysed to assess fatigue behaviour. Experimental results obtained for whole electronic boards and single components mounted on board fully demonstrate the capability of PSESPI to detect even small differences in thermo‐mechanical response between normal and anomalous functioning.
Contralateral optic neuropathy and retinopathy associated with visual and afferent pupillomotor dysfunction following enucleation in six cats
Authors: Donaldson David , Matas Riera Màrian , Holloway Andrew , Beltran Elsa , Barnett Keith C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo investigate contralateral optic neuropathy and retinopathy following enucleation in 6 cats.MethodsRetrospective study. The medical records of cats with contralateral visual and afferent pupillomotor dysfunction following enucleation presented to the Animal Health Trust (AHT), Newmarket,UK, between January 1994 and January 2010 were reviewed. Information recorded included history, signalment, ophthalmic findings, electroretinography (ERG) (2/6) andMRI(3/6) findings and long‐term outcome. Pearson's chi‐square tests were used to compare breed proportions (P < 0.05).ResultsSix cats aged 1.5 to 11 (median 5.5) years presented with mydriasis and/or visual deficits noted immediately following enucleation. Enucleation involved optic nerve (ON) ligation in all of the four cases for which this information was available. Ophthalmic findings included mydriasis with absent pupillary light reflex (PLR) (4/6), incompletePLRs (2/6), absence of dazzle reflex (4/6) and absence of menace response (4/6). Funduscopy initially revealed multifocal peripapillary retinal lesions, with subsequent progressive optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal atrophy.ERGrecordings revealed normal outer retinal function at 6 and 22 weeks (2/2). OnMRI, the optic chiasm (OC) ipsilateral to the enucleation could not be identified and the contralateralOCwas atrophied (3/3).ConclusionsThe acute afferentONdeficits following enucleation, progressiveONHatrophy, normal outer retinal function andMRIdemonstratingOCpathology are consistent with chiasmal injury due to traction on theONduring enucleation. Rostral traction on the globe to facilitateONligation is contraindicated in cats.
Characteristics of residency training associated with first‐time pass rate on the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists certifying examination
Authors: Hendrix Diane V. H. , Bentley Ellison , Rohrbach Barton W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association of various aspects of veterinary ophthalmology residency training with the first‐time pass rate (FTPR) of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) examination, as well as the individual written, image recognition, animal examination, and surgical sections of the examination.ProceduresProgram type, resident evaluations, cumulative surgery and case logs, and scores from ACVO examinations from 2007 to 2010 were evaluated.ResultsData were available for 71 candidates. The overall FTPR was 35% (n = 25). For the different sections of the examination, FTPRs were as follows: written (68%), image recognition (76%), intraocular surgery (80%), extraocular surgery (65%), and animal examination (75%). The overall FTPR among candidates from academic residency (AR) programs was 43% (20 of 47), while the FTPR of residents in private practice (PPR) programs was 21% (5 of 24; P = 0.07). The AR candidates were more likely to pass the written portion than PPR residents (P = 0.02), and AR candidates had significantly more time off clinics (median 25%) vs PPR residents (median 18%; P = 0.007). The AR residents also had a higher reported percentage of direct supervision than PPR residents (95% vs 76%, respectively). Although PPR residents did significantly more surgeries and examined significantly more dogs and cats, those from ARs examined significantly more equine, bovine, avian, camelid, and reptile species.ConclusionsOverall, AR residents had a higher FTPR and were more likely to pass the written portion of the examination. Total case and surgery numbers were not associated with FTPR.
US–National Institutes of Health‐funded research for cutaneous wounds in 2012
Authors: Richmond Nicholas A. , Lamel Sonia A. , Davidson Jeffrey M. , Martins‐Green Manuela , Sen Chandan K. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Vivas Alejandra C. , Braun Liza R. , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChronic cutaneous wounds are a major burden on patients, healthcare providers, and the US healthcare system. This study, carried out in part by the Wound Healing Society's Government Regulatory Committee, aimed to evaluate the current state of National Institutes of Health funding of cutaneous wound healing–related research projects. National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures & Results system was used to identify wound healing projects funded by the National Institutes of Health in the 2012 fiscal year. Research projects focusing on cutaneous wound prevention/education, mechanisms, complications, treatment, or imaging/monitoring were included in the analysis. Ninety‐one projects were identified, totaling a collective funding of $29,798,991 and median funding of $308,941. Thirteen institutes/centers from the National Institutes of Health were responsible for awarding funds; three of which (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) accounted for 60.4% of the grant funding. The predominant funding mechanisms included R01 (48.3%), R43 (14.3%), and R21 (9.9%). New applications and pre‐existing applications accounted for 39.6 and 55.0% of the awarded grants, respectively. Grants awarded to investigators affiliated with universities accounted for 68.1% of grants and 25.3% were to investigators in the private sector. This analysis of current National Institutes of Health funding may facilitate more transparency of National Institutes of Health‐allocated research funds and serve as an impetus to procure additional support for the field of wound healing.
Role of neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neurohormones in skin wound healing
Authors: Chéret Jérémy , Lebonvallet Nicolas , Carré Jean‐Luc , Misery Laurent , Le Gall‐Ianotto Christelle 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDue to the close interactions between the skin and peripheral nervous system, there is increasing evidence that the cutaneous innervation is an important modulator of the normal wound healing process. The communication between sensory neurons and skin cells involves a variety of molecules (neuropeptides, neurohormones, and neurotrophins) and their specific receptors expressed by both neuronal and nonneuronal skin cells. It is well established that neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors released in skin have immunoregulatory roles and can exert mitogenic actions; they could also influence the functions of the different skin cell types during the wound healing process.
A simple microfluidic strategy for cell migration assay in an in vitro wound‐healing model
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Hongjing , Ma Huipeng , Qin Jianhua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn vitro scratch wound assays are commonly used strategies to measure cell repair rate, facilitating the study of cell migration, tissue reorganization, and cell division. This work presented a simple and novel microfluidic device that allowed a quantitative investigation of the cell migration and cell proliferation behaviors in an in vitro wound‐healing model, especially focused on the scratch assay. The microfluidic device is composed of four units, which include cell growth regions and cell‐free regions created by micropillars. Using this device, we evaluated the proliferation and migration process of human gastric epithelial cells in the presence of different concentrations of the epidermal growth factor, and investigated the migration behavior of mesenchymal stem cells toward tumor cells as well. This approach has the unique capability to create localized cell‐free regions in parallel, and facilitate quantitative research on cell migration in the wound‐healing process, providing a powerful platform for elucidating the mechanism of cell migration in regeneration medicine.
Development of a wound healing index for patients with chronic wounds
Authors: Horn Susan D. , Fife Caroline E. , Smout Randall J. , Barrett Ryan S. , Thomson Brett 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRandomized controlled trials in wound care generalize poorly because they exclude patients with significant comorbid conditions. Research using real‐world wound care patients is hindered by lack of validated methods to stratify patients according to severity of underlying illnesses. We developed a comprehensive stratification system for patients with wounds that predicts healing likelihood. Complete medical record data on 50,967 wounds from the United States Wound Registry were assigned a clear outcome (healed, amputated, etc.). Factors known to be associated with healing were evaluated using logistic regression models. Significant variables (p < 0.05) were determined and subsequently tested on a holdout sample of data. A different model predicted healing for each wound type. Some variables predicted significantly in nearly all models: wound size, wound age, number of wounds, evidence of bioburden, tissue type exposed (Wagner grade or stage), being nonambulatory, and requiring hospitalization during the course of care. Variables significant in some models included renal failure, renal transplant, malnutrition, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. All models validated well when applied to the holdout sample. The “Wound Healing Index” can validly predict likelihood of wound healing among real‐world patients and can facilitate comparative effectiveness research to identify patients needing advanced therapeutics.
Development of API 5L X-80 Plates and Pipes at Essar Steel
Authors: Kulkarni Anil , Chatterjee Sirshendu , Patel Yogesh , Amte Nitin 
Published: October 2013

India is a large and rapidly growing economy. The energy requirements of the country in terms of oil products and natural gas is also huge. Given its vast geographical size, there is ever-growing need to transport these oil & gas products over large distances but economically. For this purpose, several new projects for laying of new pipeline networks are at different stages of planning. In order to keep the cost of such large pipeline projects lower, countries around the world have shifted to higher strength API grades of steel. This was facilitated by advances in steel-making and processing technology and modern facilities that came up in advanced countries. India is no different and we have seen a gradual shift towards higher strength API grades being used for pipelines. Essar Steel has been a major producer of API grades of steel in India over the last 15 years initially through its hot-strip mill and more recently adding a state-of-the-art 5M wide plate mill as well as pipe mills, both LSAW & HSAW.
Different alloy designs have been used around the world to produce high strength and high toughness API grades. These have produced essentially two types of microstructures which are either ferrite + pearlite or ferrite + acicular ferrite. But these microstructures show varying response to the pipe-making process. Choice of alloy design also has a major bearing on the cost of steel, but is partly influenced by mill capability. At Essar, while cost was a major determining criterion for selection of suitable alloy design, mill capability was not a constraint. Essar Steel has successfully produced X-80 plates and pipes with a modified HTP alloy design and using the new facilities of plate mill & pipe mill. The paper gives some of the key highlights of this development activity.
This was a collaborative effort between the metallurgists & engineers at Essar Steel India Limited and experts from CBMM.
Methodology of Risk Management in Pipeline Projects
Authors: Agrawal J. P. N. , Srivastava S. P. 
Published: October 2013

Organizations of all types and sizes face internal and external factors and influences that make it uncertain whether and when they will achieve their business objectives. The effect this uncertainty has on an organization’s objectives is “RISK”. In recent times all sectors of the economy have shifted focus towards the management of risk as the key to making organizations successful in delivering their objectives while protecting the interests of their stakeholders. Risk may be defined as events or conditions that may occur, and whose occurrence, if it does take place, has a harmful or negative impact on the achievement of the organization’s business objectives. The exposure to the consequences of uncertainty constitutes a risk.
Organizations that are most effective and efficient in managing risks to both existing assets and to future growth will, in the long run, outperform those that are less so. Simply put, companies make money by taking intelligent risks and lose money by failing to manage risk intelligently.
Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from uncertainty in financial markets, project failures (at any phase in design, development, production, or sustainment life-cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters as well as deliberate attack from an adversary, or events of uncertain or unpredictable root-cause. Several risk management standards have been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards. Methods, definitions and goals vary widely according to whether the risk management method is in the context of project management, security, engineering, industrial processes, financial portfolios, actuarial assessments, or public health and safety.
Risk management is a holistic, integrated, structured and disciplined approach to managing risks with the objective of maximizing shareholder’s value. It aligns strategy, processes, people & culture, technology and governance with the purpose of evaluating and managing the uncertainties faced by the organization while creating value.
Broadly this paper deals with the objective of risk management along with identification, polarization, mitigation and governance of risks associated with pipeline projects. Further the criteria for assigning the probabilities and impact of an identified risk along with their classification based on its probability and impact are also incorporated in the paper.