bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the documentation of withholding and withdrawing life‐sustaining therapies in a tertiary intensive care unit in Hong Kong
Authors: Ka‐Hin Lam Duncan , Wong Wai‐Tat , Joynt Gavin Matthew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), recommended end‐of‐life (EOL) care practice encompasses do‐not‐attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR), withholding (WH), and withdrawing (WD) life‐sustaining treatment (LST).ObjectivesOur study aims to evaluate the adequacy of physicians' documentation of EOL care practices.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study, which evaluated the documentation of 18 pre‐identified critical components related to decision‐making, implementation, and communication of WD and WH of LST in a general medical‐surgical ICU of a tertiary hospital in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China. One hundred twenty‐nine patients with EOL care before death were enrolled from 1 January 2013 to 31 March 2015. For documentation to be considered clear, the responsible ICU physician had to record notes in written form on the medical record.ResultsIn documenting the decision‐making process, the indication of patients' decision‐making capacity was present in 6.2% of the reviewed records. DNACPR orders were documented substantially poorer (51.6%) than WH/WD other LSTs (71.4%–96.9%) in documenting the implementation process. Reviewing the communication documentation showed that 15.5% detailed the process of determining the patient's previously expressed wishes, 16.3% included explanations of shared decisions and 5.4% covered substituted decisions. None of the patient records met the complete documentation criteria while 17% met the minimal compliance level, defined as records missing 30% or fewer items.ConclusionsDespite following international standards for EOL care, documentation by ICU physicians for key aspects of decision‐making, implementation, and communication for LST limitations was inadequate. Strategies to improve documentation should be encouraged.
Assessing the feasibility of cardiopulmonary resuscitation over bulletproof vests: Implications for rapid response by police officers
Authors: Barcala‐Furelos Roberto , Aranda‐García Silvia , Díaz‐Sobral Miguel , Gómez‐Silva Adrián , Vázquez‐Álvarez Sheila , Fernández‐Méndez María , Otero‐Agra Martín 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to evaluate the feasibility and quality of chest compressions (CCs) performed by police officers on a victim wearing a bulletproof vest as well as analyze the time taken to remove the vest.MethodsTen officers conducted two 5‐min cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) trials. Trial 1: on a dummy wearing bulletproof vest (CPR‐VEST)/Trial 2: bare‐torso dummy (CPR‐NO).ResultsCC's quality and the timed vest removal. Results show that CC's quality was a median of 90% in CPR‐VEST and 99% in CPR‐NO (p = 0.08). There were significantly poorer results in CPR‐VEST in CC with correct recoil (CPR‐VEST: 12%, CPR‐NO: 10%, and p = 0.04) and rate (CPR‐VEST: 82%, CPR‐NO: 97%, and p = 0.01). The bulletproof vest removal time was 9.45 ± 1.33 s.ConclusionThe removal of the vest is prioritized to facilitate CPR. CC over the vest is performed with similar quality levels to standard CPR, supporting the immediate initiation of CPR in special circumstances where the vest cannot be removed.
Clues to revising the conventional diagnostic algorithm for endometriosis
Authors: Spiers Andrew , Roman Horace , Wasson Megan , Chapron Charles , Rousset Pascal , Golfier François , Fauvet Raffaele , Delbos Léa , Poilblanc Mathieu , Lavoué Vincent , Petit Erick , Perotte Frédérique , Benjoar Mikhael , Akladios Cherif , Merlot Benjamin , Dennis Thomas , Boudy Anne Sophie , Fedida Benjamin , Leguevaque Pierre , Genre Ludivine , Hennetier Clothilde , Perrin Morgane , Crochet Patrice , Lucas Nicolas , Roger Claire‐Marie , Chantalat Elodie , Collinet Pierre , Fernandez Hervé , Descamps Philippe , Bendifallah Sofiane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEndometriosis is a complex gynecologic disorder characterized primarily by symptoms of pelvic pain, infertility, and altered quality of life. National and international guidelines highlight the diagnostic difficulties and lack of conclusive diagnostic tools for endometriosis. Furthermore, guidelines are becoming questionable at an increasingly rapid rate as new diagnostic techniques emerge. This work aims to provide a knowledge synthesis of the relevance of various diagnostic tools and to assess areas of improvement of conventional algorithms. MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2021 to December 2023 using relevant key words. Articles evaluating the diagnostic relevance and performance of various tools were included and independently reviewed by the authors for eligibility. Included studies were assessed using the GRADE and QUADAS‐2 tools. Of the 4204 retrieved articles, 26 were included. While anamnesis and clinical examination do contribute to diagnostic accuracy, their level of evidence and impact on the diagnostic process remains limited. Although imaging techniques are recommended to investigate endometriosis, ultrasonography remains highly operator dependent. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to exhibit higher sensitivities than ultrasound. However, concerns persist with regards to the terminology, anatomical definition of lesions, and accuracies of both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, several biological markers have been studied and cumulative evidence supports the contribution of noncoding RNAs to the diagnosis of endometriosis. Marginal improvements have been suggested for anamnesis, clinical examination, and imaging examinations. Conversely, some biomarkers, including the saliva microRNA signature for endometriosis, have emerged as diagnostic tools which inspire reflection on the revision of conventional diagnostic algorithms.
Utilizing biochars to stabilize mercury in contaminated floodplain sediment: Implications on mercury remediation
Authors: Jensen Brittany E. , Spencer Breann , Xu Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMajor weather events contribute to the mobility and remobilization of legacy mercury (Hg) contamination and sequestration within sediments. Remediation using biochar as a soil amendment is a useful technique to immobilize and decrease Hg toxicity. This study explored whether biochar application is effective at stabilizing labile mercury (LaHg) from floodplain sediment. Controlled mesocosms simulating contamination events and flooding conditions were conducted. Floodplain sediment, which experiences annual periodic flooding, was collected. Sediment was spiked with inorganic Hg, applied with different types of biochar, and experienced simulated flooding events. Four types of biochar, pure rice husk (RH), pure peanut hull (PH), sulfur‐modified rice husk (SMRH), and sulfur‐modified peanut hull (SMPH), were applied at 10 and 40 g/kg rates (i.e., RH 10, RH 40; PH 10, PH 40, SMRH 10, SMRH 40, SMPH 10, SMPH 40). Total Hg, methylmercury, and LaHg concentrations were analyzed by coupling with redox potential measurements. Results indicate that SMRH 10, PH 10, PH 40, SMPH 10, and SMPH 40 successfully remediate Hg by stabilizing and reducing LaHg species from floodplain sediment. However, a high Hg methylation potential was observed with unsulfated and sulfated peanut hulls (PH 10, PH 40, SMPH 10, and SMPH 40), as they tend to create a reducing microenvironment that favors sulfate reduction reactions. Additionally, sulfur‐modified biochar tends to promote Hg methylation potential at high application rates (i.e., 40 g/kg). We thus recommend using SMRH at a relatively low application rate (SMRH 10) for the remediation of Hg from floodplain sediment.
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Authors: Kronenthal Brian G. , Miller Joe , Nash Alex , Roeder Jacob , Samamah Hani , Wong Tony W. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor , let be a two‐dimensional algebraically defined graph, that is, a bipartite graph where each partite set is a copy of and two vertices and are adjacent if and only if . It is known that has girth 6 and can be extended to the point‐line incidence graph of the classical real projective plane. However, it was unknown whether there exists such that has girth 6 and is nonisomorphic to . This paper answers this question affirmatively and thus provides a construction of a nonclassical real projective plane. This paper also studies the diameter and girth of for families of bivariate functions .
Transitions of care for adolescents with disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Atkins Micaela , Huynh Daniel , Madva Elizabeth N. , Kuo Braden , Zar‐Kessler Claire , Burton‐Murray Helen , Vélez Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about the experience of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) who transition from pediatric to adult gastroenterology care. In this two‐part study, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to: (1) assess incidence of optimal versus suboptimal transitions of care for AYA with DGBI, (2) characterize health and quality of life effects of the transition, and (3) identify barriers and facilitators for optimal transition of care.MethodsIn Part 1, we conducted a retrospective review of AYA referrals to our adult neurogastroenterology clinic who had transitioned from pediatric gastroenterology care (N = 109, 17–23 years, 72% female). We collected demographic, psychosocial, and healthcare utilization data to determine rate and risk factors for suboptimal transitions. In Part 2, we recruited 24 AYA and parents (n = 19 AYA, n = 5 parents) for completion of a survey and semistructured interview, which was analyzed using validated rapid qualitative analysis method.ResultsIn Part 1, 20% (22/109) of AYA met the criteria for suboptimal transition of care, which was associated with treatment adherence concern and functional impairment. In Part 2, we identified two principal themes: (1) AYA's health and quality of life are impacted during the transition, and (2) parental involvement and collaboration with pediatric gastrointestinal are facilitators to successful transitions, whereas access to care and practice style change are barriers.ConclusionAYA with DGBI have high rates of suboptimal care transitions, affecting their health and quality of life. Our study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that incorporates parents and pediatric providers.
Comparison of Home Sleep Devices and Sleep Study Testing in Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Patients
Authors: Huyett Phillip , Yu Phoebe K. , Kent David , Stahl Stephanie , Manchanda Shalini , Mehra Reena , Rundo Jessica , Lee Kent , Makey Lauren , Lundeen Max , Roy Asim 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is an implantable therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Therapy efficacy is currently confirmed by a formal sleep study after empiric adjustment by the patient at home based on their subjective experience with the device. Home‐based longitudinal apnea hypopnea index (AHI) measurements have the potential to refine HGNS therapeutic amplitude selection with objective data. Our objective was to compare AHI derived from routine sleep studies and two different home sleep devices in new HGNS recipients.MethodsProspectively enrolled patients receiving HGNS therapy were provided a Sleep Tracking Mat (Withings, Issy‐les‐Moulineaux, France) and NightOwl peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) sensor (Ectosense, Leuven, Belgium) for longitudinal, home AHI monitoring from 1 to 6 months post‐implant. Therapy efficacy was assessed at 3 and 6 months post‐implant using in‐lab polysomnography (PSG) or home sleep apnea test (HSAT). The sleep mat and PAT sensor AHI were compared against PSG and HSAT for accuracy of OSA severity identification.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled across 5 centers and followed for 6 months. The sleep mat had sensitivity and specificity for identifying AHI <15 of 61% and 82% and AHI <30 of 77% and 100%. The PAT device had sensitivity and specificity for identifying AHI <15 of 57% and 77% and AHI <30 of 81% and 80%.ConclusionsThe sleep mat and PAT sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detection of mild and moderate OSA in patients with HGNS therapy and may enable longitudinal objective monitoring of HGNS efficacy in the home setting.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a carboniferous spoil heap as a function of vegetation type and reclamation treatment
Authors: Misebo Amisalu Milkias , Woś Bartłomiej , Sierka Edyta , Pietrzykowski Marcin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEvaluating the impact of vegetation types and reclamation methods on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in carboniferous spoil heaps is critical for selecting the best vegetation type and reclamation method to improve ecosystem services in a changing climate. This paper presents the relationship between vegetation types (woodland, forbland, and grassland) and reclamation techniques (barren rock, topsoil application, succession, and cultivation) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in developing soils on carboniferous rocks in coal mine heaps. Soil samples were collected from the litter layer (Oi + Oe) and the A horizons (0–10 cm). The results revealed that vegetation types and reclamation methods significantly affected SOC and TN stocks. Woodland exhibited higher SOC and TN in the Oi + Oe horizons than other vegetation types. Topsoil application and cultivation resulted in the highest SOC and TN stocks in the A horizons (0–10 cm) under woodland and forbland compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. In grassland, there was no significant difference in SOC stock under topsoil application and cultivation; however, significantly higher TN stock was observed in the 0–10 cm areas with topsoil application compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. Based on the results, topsoil application is recommended to improve SOC if the mining site is restored using woodland. Conversely, grassland exhibits a similar amount of SOC stock with or without topsoil application. Considering the difficulty of obtaining topsoil, we suggest that grasses are optimal for SOC stock in the studied mining sites, followed by forbs.
Environmental role of different‐aged pine and oak stands growing on post‐agricultural and forest lands in forming the Mesostigmata mites communities
Authors: Malica Jacek , Urbanowski Cezary K. , Turczański Krzysztof , Rączka Grzegorz , Andrzejewska Agnieszka , Skorupski Maciej , Kamczyc Jacek 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReclamation of agricultural soil and forest succession after afforestation proceeds slowly and at many levels. Therefore, the history of land use is recorded in the soil's physical, chemical and ecological parameters for many decades. This process depends on time and the form of afforestation, which primarily includes tree species. In our study, we analyzed differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of pine and oak stands on forest and post‐agricultural land at 22, 42 and 62 y/o. Our study revealed that 14 of 24 examined parameters (litter pH, soil pH, litter thickness, soil organic matter, Corg, bulk density, C/N ratio, soil moisture, soil K, Mg and Mn content, N and Ca litter content, Mg litter content) differed significantly among examined habitats (land use, stand age and tree species). We calculated the abundance, species richness and diversity of the mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) for each habitat type. In total, 6730 mites were classified into 72 taxa (60 species, 11 genera and one taxon as family). The highest abundance was recorded in 42 y/o. oak stands on post‐agricultural land, while the lowest is in 22 y/o. pine and oak stands on post‐agricultural land. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded in the oldest oak stand on post‐agricultural land. In contrast, the lowest diversity was recorded in the youngest oak and pine stands on post‐agricultural land. Our results demonstrate that the negative impact of the agricultural history of land use weakens over time and provides a better understanding of land use history on the relations between the soil environment and soil fauna, including mesostigmatid mite assemblages.
Why do aging households in agriculture prefer land abandonment to transfer? Evidence from hill plots in Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Yichao , Li Ruisheng , Guo Shili , Xu Dingde 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreased aging of the agricultural population may lead to a reconfiguration of land elements, but existing studies have not analyzed this on a plot level. China's vast hilly and mountainous regions will have a more serious impact on agricultural aging, but this context has still not received enough attention. Based on primary data from 2602 plots and 1080 farm households in the hilly areas of Sichuan, using human capital theory and instrumental variables approach, it is found that aging in agriculture will promote the abandonment of plots in the hilly areas, especially those that are remote, small in size and poor condition. Aging in agriculture will inhibit the out‐migration of plots in the hilly areas, and aging increases the abandonment of plots. In addition, this paper finds that the imperfect development of the land transfer market in hilly areas and the strong farmers' land endowment effect are the main reasons limiting land transfer. However, the inhibitory effect of the endowment effect diminishes with age. This study helps to rationally view the value of abandoned land and provides a new research perspective for parcel redistribution.
Trade‐offs and synergistic relationships on soil‐related ecosystem services in Central Asia under land use and land cover change
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Ma Xiaofei , Luo Geping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to climate change and human activities, land desertification, a major environmental issue in arid regions, has exerted an impact on ecosystem services (ES). However, previous ES assessments in arid regions lacked the integrated assessment and trade‐off analysis of soil‐related ecosystem services (S‐ES). To address this, we developed a S‐ES‐Bayesian network (S‐ES‐BN) model to analyze the trade‐offs and synergies between the complex relationships between S‐ES and their multiple influences in Central Asia (CA). The results showed that (1) there is a large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in S‐ES, with the most significant changes in water yield service (WY, −30%) and soil conservation service (SC, −26%) in the past 30 years (1990–2020); (2) land use and land cover change (LUCC) area shifts can have a gaining or weakening effect on the S‐ES. Among them, water to wetland had the most obvious gain effect on SC (+5.1 t·km2·yr−1) and water to forestland had the most pronounced effect on carbon fixation service (CF, +251.22 t); and (3) based on the S‐ES‐BN, an optimal configuration of S‐ES in CA demonstrated that the intensification of a future “warming and wetting” scenario in CA might lead to significant decreases in WY (−37%) and sand fixation (−7%). In addition, the clarification of the land allocation structure (cropland, forestland, and grassland) in LUCC will enhance the spatial demand for CF.
Intradermal Delivery of Calcium Hydroxylapatite With Fractionated Ablation
Authors: Driscoll William , Golbari Nicole M. , Vallmitjana Alexander , Durkin Amanda F. , Balu Mihaela , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe absorption of biostimulatory particulate matter following its application to fractional skin defects remains poorly understood, and even less is known about its in vivo impact in terms of tissue integration. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to evaluate the potential of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) to penetrate through skin treated with a fractional laser; and (2) to assess the effectiveness of clinical laser scanning microscopy technologies in monitoring the effects of such treatment over time.MethodsOne area on a volunteer's arm was treated with a fractional erbium laser (Sciton Inc., Palo Alto, CA), while a second area received the same laser treatment followed by CaHA topical application. We used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to noninvasively image beneath the surface of the treated skin to study and monitor the effects of these treatments within 1 h of treatment and at four additional time points over a 6‐week period.ResultsOne hour posttreatment, at different depths beneath the skin surface, MPM and RCM provided similar visualizations of laser‐induced channels. In skin treated by both laser and CaHA, these two imaging methods provided complementary information. RCM captured the lateral and depth distribution of CaHA microspheres and were seen as bright spheres as they became incorporated into the healing tissue. MPM, meanwhile, visualized the CaHA microparticles as dark shadow spheres within the laser‐induced channels and encroaching healing tissue. Furthermore, MPM provided critical information about collagen regeneration around the microspheres, with the collagen visually marked by its distinct second harmonic generation (SHG) signal.ConclusionsThis observational pilot study demonstrates that CaHA, a collagen stimulator used as a dermal filler, can not only be inserted into the dermis after fractional laser treatment but remains in the healing skin for at least 6 weeks posttreatment. The noninvasive imaging techniques RCM and MPM successfully captured the presence of CaHA microspheres mid‐dermis during the healing phase. They also demonstrated new collagen production around the microspheres, highlighting the effectiveness of these imaging approaches in monitoring such treatment over time.
Proximal Photocleavage: Controlling Polymer Solubility through Pathway Dependent Wavelength‐Orthogonal Photoreactions
Authors: Kidder‐Wolff Nigel D. , Thomas Samuel W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent families of reversible photochemical reactions present challenges for light‐controlled polymers of either photostationary states, which are common in photoinduced cycloaddition/cycloreversion reactions, or exclusively intramolecular bond changes, which characterize most photochromic units. In response to these challenges, here the concept of “proximal photocleavage” is presented, which combines photochemical crosslinking with a photocleavable linker, enabling a one‐time bond formation/cleavage sequence. Proximal photocleavage methacrylate monomers comprising, in series along the pendant of the methacrylate, a coumarin unit for crosslinking and either a phenacyl or ortho‐nitrobenzyl photocleavable group for decrosslinking are reported. The photophysical properties of these monomers and their statistical copolymers with methyl methacrylate are described, and wavelength selective crosslinking and de‐crosslinking of thin polymer films are demonstrated.