bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-23–Independent Induction of IL-17 from γδT Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells Promotes Experimental Intraocular Neovascularization
Authors: Hasegawa Eiichi , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Shichita Takashi , Morita Rimpei , Sekiya Takashi , Kimura Akihiro , Oshima Yuji , Takeda Atsunobu , Yoshimura Takeru , Yoshida Shigeo , Ishibashi Tatsuro , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a characteristic of age-related macular degeneration. Genome-wide association studies have provided evidence that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration; however, the role of inflammatory cytokines in CNV has not been established. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-17 had a strong potential for promoting neovascularization in a vascular endothelial growth factor–independent manner in laser-induced experimental CNV in mice. Infiltrated γδT cells and Thy-1+ innate lymphoid cells, but not Th17 cells, were the main sources of IL-17 in injured eyes. IL-23 was dispensable for IL-17 induction in the eye. Instead, we found that IL-1β and high-mobility group box 1 strongly promoted IL-17 expression by γδT cells. Suppression of IL-1β and high-mobility group box 1, as well as depletion of γδT cells, reduced IL-17 levels and ameliorated experimental CNV. Our findings suggest the existence of a novel inflammatory cytokine network that promotes neovascularization in the eye.
Mast Cells Recruited to Mesenteric Lymph Nodes during Helminth Infection Remain Hypogranular and Produce IL-4 and IL-6
Authors: Liu Anne Y. , Dwyer Dan F. , Jones Tatiana G. , Bankova Lora G. , Shen Shiliang , Katz Howard R. , Austen K. Frank , Gurish Michael F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMast cells (MC) and basophils share expression of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) but can be distinguished by their divergent expression of KIT and CD49b. In BALB/c mice, MC lineage cells expressing high levels of FcεRI by flow cytometry were seen only in bone marrow whereas those expressing intermediate levels of FcεRI were present in bone marrow and spleen of naive mice and in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) of Trichinella spiralis–infected mice. These FcεRI+KIT+CD49b− cells had a membrane phenotype similar to i.p. connective tissue-type MC, but were smaller and hypogranular by flow cytometry forward and side scatter profiles, respectively. Consistent with this, they lacked the prominent secretory granules identified by histochemistry and immunodetection for the MC-specific granule proteases that are readily seen in mature jejunal mucosal MC that also are induced by the infection and present at the same time. The concentration of these MC lineage cells in mLN determined by flow cytometry was comparable to that of MC progenitors (MCp) measured by limiting dilution and clonal expansion with maturation. We observed upregulation of IL-4 transcription by MCp in mLN and spleens of helminth-infected 4get mice, and we demonstrated by intracellular cytokine staining production of IL-4 and IL-6 by the mLN MCp in helminth-infected mice. Furthermore, treatment of helminth-infected mice with anti-FcεRI mAb, a protocol known to deplete basophils, also depleted mLN MCp. Thus, this study identifies a hypogranular subset of MCp recruited to mLN by helminth infection that may be an important unrecognized source of cytokines.
How to support sensing capabilities in highly volatile situations
Authors: de Waard Erik J , Volberda Henk W , Soeters Joseph 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the scholarly debate on how to deal with hypercompetition, a dominant logic has become that investing in ‘sensing’, ‘seizing’, and ‘transforming’ dynamic capabilities offers organization’s the potential to repetitively initiate business innovations. Actual research into the micro-foundations of these dynamic capabilities has been limited. This study explores whether modular organizing and lateral coordination are typical processes that support an organization’s sensing function. Empirically the study investigates how these two variables help The Netherlands armed forces to deal with its volatile crisis response environment. The findings show that both predictors stimulate the development of a broad knowledge base from which the organization can operationally benefit. Yet, the study has also uncovered that, when modularity's demand of organizational autonomy is not sufficiently satisfied, the organization becomes preoccupied with its own internal functioning at the expense of its external lateral sensing capacity.
Openness to diversity, trust and conflict in multicultural organizations
Authors: Lauring Jakob , Selmer Jan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relation between openness to diversity in terms of linguist, visible, value and informational heterogeneity and group processes depicted by group trust and group conflict. We collected data using a web-based survey among 498 academics in multicultural departments. The departments were located in four different Danish universities. We found openness to value diversity and informational diversity to have a positive association with group trust and a negative association with group conflict. Openness to linguistic diversity had positive relationships with group trust. The findings of this study suggest that openness to diversity should be highly prioritized by human resource managers in demographically diverse organizations. Possible interventions include organizational culture change programs, diversity training at individual and team levels as well as rewarding group oriented behavior.
Person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behavior: Time perspective
Authors: Wei Yu-Chen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractViewing organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) engagement from the time cost perspective, this study not only investigates the direct effect of person—organization (P—O) fit on OCB but also examines the moderating effect of time evaluation on the effective magnitude of P—O fit on OCB. Specifically, I hypothesized that the positive relationship between P—O fit and OCB will be strengthened (weakened) if employees have a higher future (present) orientation time perspective. A sample of 262 bank financial specialists with supervisor-rated dependent variables is used to examine the hypothesized relationships. Research findings suggest that P—O fit can predict OCB engagement. I also found that time evaluation plays a moderating role in the relationship between P—O fit and OCB such that P—O fit will have a weaker predictive power if the employees have a higher present-orientation time perspective. The research results provide further understanding of why employees engage in OCB.
Information interests and exporting: The Spanish natural stone industry
Authors: Santos-Álvarez María-Valle , García-Merino María-Teresa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractExport decisions depend on a wide variety of information stimuli. The current research focuses on the attention that international entrepreneurs (IEs) dedicate to different information stimuli relating to how the firm operates internationally, and examines whether the IE's attention varies in function of their experience and knowledge. For their empirical analysis, the authors study the information interests of the IEs in the Spanish natural stone industry. They identify three centres of interest: the strategic attractiveness of the foreign markets, barriers to exporting, and support programmes for exporters. The results show that the IEs are most interested in information about support programmes, and that is due to IEs with scant knowledge about the export markets. As the IEs accumulate knowledge about which are the main export markets, they become more interested in information about the strategic attractiveness of these markets. The authors conclude that a trade-off exists between the information about market attractiveness and the information about support programmes in the IE's attention. In contrast, attention towards export barriers behaves independently and depends on the IE's experience.
Organizational learning, innovation, and performance in KIBS
Authors: Santos-Vijande María Leticia , López-Sánchez José Ángel , González-Mieres Celina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is widespread agreement that organizational learning (OL) and firms' innovative culture (innovativeness) positively influence organizational innovation (OI), which ultimately fosters long-term competitiveness. However, there is more limited empirical evidence on the role of OL as a forerunner of innovativeness, or on the combined effects of OL and innovativeness on OI and how performance is ultimately improved. In this research, OI is evaluated as a firm's actual ability to regularly adopt and implement more technical and administrative innovations with a greater degree of incorporated novelty relative to their main competitors. The aim is to approach innovation from a comprehensive viewpoint and to assess the attainment of superior competitive advantage in the innovation field. Effects on performance are evaluated at both the organizational level and in the commercialization of new services by means of two different conceptual model. These models are tested on a sample of 246 knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) located in Spain. We used polychoric correlations (Lee, Poon, & Bentler, 1995), together with a robust methodological approach, to analyze categorical variables in structural equation systems in EQS. The empirical results show that OL is an important antecedent for innovativeness, and that the latter plays a key role in the adoption of more technical and administrative innovations with a greater degree of incorporated novelty. Organizational learning exerts a direct effect on administrative innovation efforts although, contrary to previous research, the mediating role of innovativeness is required for the former to affect technical innovation. The research also supports the influence of OI on the attainment of competitive advantages at the business level and in the performance of new services. The greater ability of KIBS to innovate thus constitutes an invaluable resource to foster customer performance and profitability at the business level and in the commercialization of new service offerings.
Impiego Dell'esame Estemporaneo al Congelatore per la Valutazione dei Margini Chirurgici in Corso di Prostatectomia Radicale
Authors: Varvello Francesco , Conti Enrico , Camilli Marco , Lacquaniti Sergio , Fasolis Giuseppe 
Published: January 2013

Introduction At present there is no consensus on the use of frozen sections (FS) during radical prostatectomy. Several groups have proposed the benefit of FS although the studies differ widely in sampling methods and sites where FS were taken. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of standard assessment of FS in multiple sites during radical prostatectomy. Methods During open radical prostatectomy in all patients we sampled tissue from the urethral stump, the neurovascular bundles, the Denonvillier fascia and the bladder neck after removing the prostate. Where FS showed positive margins, further periprostatic tissue was resected from the prostatic bed until negative margins were achieved. The results of FS were compared with margin status of final pathology. Results From 1998 to 2004 we performed FS during 250 consecutive open radical prostatectomies (104 nerve sparing procedures). 66 patients had positive FS (26.4%) and 53 patients had positive surgical margins at final pathology (21.2%). All patients with positive FS had negative margins when further tissue was resected in the prostatic bed. During nerve sparing procedures positive FS were found in 14 patients. In these cases the procedure was converted into standard prostatectomy by resecting the neurovascular bundles. Sensibility and specificity were both 90%. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 72% and 97%. Conclusions Standard assessment of FS in multiple sites during radical prostatectomy achieved sensibility and specificity as high as 90%. Although the resection of urethral stump and tissue close to the neurovascular bundles could compromise functional results, standard assessment of FS in multiple sites could help the surgeon to reduce the positive surgical margins, to monitor the oncological safety of a nerve sparing procedure and to improve the pathological staging.
Migración Internacional Reciente de Honduras
Authors: Fonseca Manuel Antonio Flores 
Published: January 2013

Este estudio es un recuento de la migración internacional reciente del país, principalmente de las últimas décadas, cuando se han producido transformaciones que hacen más visible la emigración, un acrecentamiento de los flujos, diversificación de destinos, cambios en los perfiles, que tienen su origen en diversas causas de origen económico, social, político y ambiental. Para ello, se utilizó como fuentes de datos demográficos, los censos de población, las encuestas de hogares o de migración, los registros administrativos de los países de origen y de destino. La migración se ha convertido en una estrategia de vida en la búsqueda de mejoras en las condiciones de vida, a través de un empleo, también se realiza para huir de la inseguridad ciudadana o simplemente buscar otros lugares para lograr movilidad social. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.916 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.9-22
A cognitive-creative profile of emotional talent
Authors: Bermejo Rosario , Prieto María Dolores , Fernández Mari Carmen , Soto Gloria , Sainz Marta 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Much attention has been paid to emotional intelligence and its correlations with other psychological constructs during the last few years. Nevertheless, studies focusing on emotionally intelligent persons are scarce. The present work aims to study the cognitive and creative profile of students who stand out for their high emotional intelligence. A total of 1,024 Secondary Education students (M= 14 years old, SD= 1.16) took part in our research to that end. Emotional Intelligence was measured using the Emotional Quotient inventory Youth Version (EQ-i:YV, Bar-on & Parker, 2000), the Differential Aptitude Test-5 (DAT-5, Bennett, Seashore, & Wesman, 2000) was used to measure intellectual competency, whereas the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT, Torrance, 1974) served to measure creativity. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a high emotional intelligence (pc > 75) and those with a low-average emotional intelligence (pc < 75). The results reveal statistically significant differences in numerical reasoning, spatial reasoning and perceptive speed favouring the low-average emotional intelligence group. No statistically significant differences were found for creativity dimensions depending on the emotional intelligence level.
Aims or purposes of school mediation in Spain
Authors: Viana-Orta María-Isabel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Mediation continues to expand, both geographically and in terms of scope. Depending on its purpose, there are three main consolidated mediation models or schools worldwide: the Traditional-Linear Harvard model, which seeks to find an agreement between the parties; the Circular-Narrative model, which apart from the agreement also emphasizes communicational aspects; and the Transformational model, more focused on relational aspects between the parties than in the adoption of agreements. The aim of this study is to determine which is the goal or purpose of mediation, confining it to the school environment and to the Spanish context. A brief comparative study is presented to this end, in which the comparative units are all the Comunidades Autónomas [Autonomous Regions] that make up the Spanish territory (n = 17) and the variable compared is the aim or purpose of mediation in schools as established by all the regional rules on school life (n = 17) with the force of a decree.
Assessing Personal Learning Environments (PLEs). An expert evaluation
Authors: Llorente Cejudo María del Carmen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
On the basis of the Research Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the title “Design, production and evaluation of a 2.0 learning environment for faculty training in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)” (EDU2009-08 893), experts have used the external competence coefficient to evaluate the different dimensions of Personal Learning Environments (PLE), namely: technical and aesthetic aspects, ease of navigation, or quality of the didactic elements that make up the environment. A quantitative methodology along with a questionnaire prepared by the author served this purpose. The results obtained highlight technical environment operation, the tools forming the PLE, or the learning object repository as being “very positive.” In conclusion, experts emphasise the user-friendliness of environment and tools alike, as well as the educational aspects of the contents available in materials guides
Absorption and Ingestion Toxicology
Authors: Sen Pranab K. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Absorption and ingestion toxicology relates to the prevalence of ambient toxins, their intake process by human being through skin (epidermal) absorption, or ingestion as foods, drinks, or drugs (narcotic or not) either taken orally or by injection, biological/neurological/behavioral reactions, related molecular and carcinogenic developments, and resulting health hazards.
Abundance: Population Size and Density Estimation
Authors: Udevitz Mark S. , Gould William R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEstimates of population size (total number of individuals) or density (number of individuals per unit area) are some of the most basic requirements for wildlife research and management. This article provides a brief overview of approaches for wildlife population estimation. These include habitat‐based approaches such as quadrat, line intercept, distance, and repeated count methods, as well as animal‐based approaches such as capture–recapture and harvest methods. In contrast to methods that only index changes in these parameters, estimates of size or density must account for the probability that an individual will be included in the sample used for estimation. The essential differences in the approaches are in how the samples are obtained and how the sampling probabilities are estimated.
Air Quality Indicators, Pollutant Specific
Authors: Hunt William F. , Marceau Rachael , Anderson Alissa , Immen Kristen , Pigg Ryland , Mintz David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Pollutant‐specific air quality indicators can be extremely useful in communicating environmental information to the public, air pollution control officials, the private sector, the Congress, and academia. This article examines the use of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)‐related pollutant‐specific air quality indicators. Standard‐related statistics are used to understand (i) pollutant‐specific air quality trends, (ii) the impact of pollutant control strategies, (iii) tracking emission reductions, (iv) air quality status and the severity of the air pollution problem, and (v) the calculation of design values as required by the 1990 Clean Air Act. The traditional EPA trend methodology is compared with both meteorologically adjusted trends and population‐ and land area‐weighted trends.
Aquatic Toxicology
Authors: Bailer A. John , Oris James T. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Water is the key to life, and aquatic toxicology evaluates the potential adverse outcomes associated with exposure to contaminated waters. These adverse outcomes can be observed at all trophic levels and can be framed at differing levels of ecosystem function. Statistical analysis of concentration‐response relationships provides one foundation for evaluating the impact of toxicants on aquatic systems and for setting exposure limits to such toxicants. This entry describes stressors on aquatic systems, considers ecosystem impact of stressors, reviews statistical methods that have been used for evaluating these impacts and considers current and future challenges for evaluating aquatic toxicants.
BACI
Design
Authors: Smith Eric P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The purpose of impact assessment is to evaluate whether a stressor has changed the environment, which components are adversely affected, and to estimate the magnitude of the effects. The evaluation of impact involves comparative methods. Early approaches to impact assessment involved the use of computer simulation models to predict the impact. Decisions were then made based on the soundness of those predictions. Although the data used to interpret effects are quite varied, the methods for analysis are often quite similar and involve comparison of impact areas with control areas. When information is available prior to the potential impact, the design is often referred to as a
Before–After Control‐impact
(BACI) design. Several variations on the basic design have been proposed and are discussed in this article.
Bioabundance
Authors: Ickstadt Katja 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBioabundance is a quantity that describes the number of individuals of a species in an area of interest, either directly or through other measurements such as biomass or percentage of cover. It is the underlying quantity of interest in a number of ecological investigations, such as monitoring population sizes and studying the spatial or space–time pattern of a single plant or animal species in a region or plot. It is also the key ingredient for analyzing biodiversity, the relative abundance of several or all species in an ecological community.
Biodiversity
Authors: Ver Hoef Jay M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Biodiversity is closely related to diversity. However, biodiversity has come to be concerned with the conservation of variation of different levels of biological organization, from genes to populations, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. Biodiversity ranges across spatial and temporal scales. For the elements of concern (genes to landscapes), biodiversity can be measured as the number of different types of elements, the relative frequencies of the different elements, or the number of different processes such as gene flow or nutrient flow. This article emphasizes methods for conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity is rarely used in a sentence without the word ‘conservation’. When discussing biodiversity, it is assumed that high biodiversity is desirable and should be preserved. The arguments for conserving biodiversity are many and varied, from aesthetic to the stability of our environment to future cures for cancer and other uses of nature's raw biological material that cannot yet be imagined.
Biomass
Authors: Parresol Bernard R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBiomass is the mass or the weight of living tissue provided by a given area or volume of the earth's surface. It is commonly subdivided into five trophic levels forming the basic food chain. In terrestrial ecosystems, the biomass distribution resembles a pyramid, where mass progressively decreases from producer to top predator. Some aquatic systems may have a dipyramid‐shaped biomass distribution, that is, narrow at the bottom and top, and wide in the middle. Plant biomass recycles atmospheric carbon. If we replant harvested biomass, there is no net gain in atmospheric carbon to add to the greenhouse effect. Large‐scale biomass burning, that is, deliberately set fires, is a significant source of carbon dioxide and particles in our atmosphere. Bioenergy is a fuel energy that can be derived directly or indirectly from biological sources. Biomass energy from wood, crop residues (known asbagasse), and dung remains the primary source of energy in developing regions. Satellites scan the normalized difference vegetation index over terrestrial habitats, and scan sea‐surface chlorophyll levels over oceans to estimate global net primary production, which averages about 104.9 billion tonnes C per year. Local biomass resources are determined from broad‐based inventories and statistical predictions.