bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men is associated with increased expression of LAMP‐2 (CD107b) by circulating monocytes and dendritic cells
Authors: Corrales J. J. , Almeida M. , Martín‐Martín L. , Miralles J. M. , Orfao A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundAccumulated experimental data indicates that androgen therapy has effects on inflammation and protects from autoimmune disorders. Despite this, the in vivo effects of testosterone replacement therapy on human antigen‐presenting cells–for example, monocytes and dendritic cells– remain unknown.Objective, design and patientsWe monitored the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on the number and the functionality ‐as assessed by the expression of CD107b (lysosome–associated membrane protein 2, LAMP‐2)‐ of resting and in vitro‐stimulated peripheral blood (classical and nonclassical) monocytes and dendritic cells (myeloid and plasmacytoid) from hypogonadal men.ResultsOur results show that testosterone replacement therapy induces overexpression of CD107b by circulating monocytes and dendritic cells from hypogonadal men, both under resting (i.e. nonstimulated) conditions and after in vitro stimulation. CD107b overexpression mostly involved monocytes and in vitro stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Of note, a strong correlation was found between CD107b expression on monocytes and serum gonadotrophins levels.ConclusionThese results support the existence of an effect of testosterone therapy, and potentially also of gonadotrophins, on circulating antigen‐presenting cells.
Factitious Cushing's syndrome masquerading as Cushing's disease
Authors: Thynne Tilenka , White Graham H. , Burt Morton G. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryContextFactitious Cushing's syndrome is extremely rare. The diagnosis is challenging as cross‐reactivity of synthetic corticosteroids or their metabolites in immunoassay measurements of plasma or urinary cortisol can make distinguishing between true and factitious Cushing's syndrome difficult. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is usually suppressed in factitious Cushing's syndrome.PatientA 54‐year‐old woman presented with clinical and biochemical features of Cushing's syndrome and an unsuppressed ACTH concentration. She denied recent exogenous corticosteroid use.Investigations and resultsInitial investigations revealed a markedly elevated urinary free cortisol, mildly elevated midnight salivary cortisol and normal morning cortisol concentration. Plasma ACTH was not suppressed at 13 ng/l (RR 10–60 ng/l). A pituitary MRI was normal, but inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) revealed a post corticotrophin releasing hormone ACTH ratio >20:1 in the left petrosal sinus. Ketoconazole therapy amplified discordance between the urinary free and morning plasma cortisol concentrations. Further investigation of this discordance using high‐pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) revealed a urinary free cortisol excretion of only 20 nmol/24 h, but prednisolone excretion of 16 200 nmol/24 h.ConclusionsFactitious Cushing's syndrome can mimic endogenous ACTH‐dependent hypercortisolism during initial investigations and IPSS. This case highlights the importance of (i) recognizing the significance of discordant results; (ii) using an ACTH assay capable of reliably differentiating ACTH‐dependent from ACTH‐independent Cushing's syndrome; and (iii) appreciating that IPSS is only useful to localize the source of ACTH in confirmed ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. In this case, measurement of corticosteroids by HPLC‐MS/MS was essential in reaching the correct diagnosis.
Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging optic nerve parameters to optical coherence tomography and the visual field in glaucoma
Authors: Omodaka Kazuko , Murata Takaki , Sato Shiho , Takahashi Mai , Tatewaki Yasuko , Nagasaka Tatsuo , Doi Hiroshi , Araie Makoto , Takahashi Shoki , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the viability of using magnetic resonance imaging measurement of optic nerve morphology as an objective analysis of glaucomatous damage.DesignRetrospective study conducted at Tohoku University Hospital.ParticipantsThirty‐eight eyes of 19 patients with open‐angle glaucoma.MethodsPatients were scanned with T2‐weighted and 3‐T diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, and parameters of the optic nerve, including fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient and cross‐sectional area, were determined. Conventional parameters of glaucomatous damage, including circumpapillary and macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and mean deviation and average total deviation of the central 16 test points from the Humphrey Field Analyzer, were then compared with the magnetic resonance imaging‐derived parameters. Spearman's coefficient of correlation was calculated to determine the significance of the correlation.Main Outcome MeasureCorrelation coefficient between the magnetic resonance imaging parameters and the parameters of glaucomatous damage.ResultsMean deviation was significantly correlated with all magnetic resonance imaging parameters (fractional anisotropy: r = 0.53, apparent diffusion coefficient: r = −0.44, cross‐sectional area: r = 0.70). Circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy (r = 0.60) and cross‐sectional area (r = 0.47), but not apparent diffusion coefficient (r = −0.29). Central macular function and macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness were also significantly correlated with magnetic resonance imaging parameters.ConclusionsOptic nerve magnetic resonance imaging parameters were significantly correlated to glaucomatous damage. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the optic nerve may, thus, have value as an objective instrument to assess glaucomatous degeneration, including the function of the macula.
Remodelling of retinal on‐ and off‐bipolar cells following experimental retinal detachment
Authors: Sakai Tsutomu , Tsuneoka Hiroshi , Lewis Geoffrey P , Fisher Steven K 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo study the response of ON and OFF bipolar cells in experimental retinal detachment.MethodsDomestic cat retinas were detached for 7 days. The retinas were prepared for immunocytochemical staining with antibodies to Go alpha (α), glutamate transporter GLT‐1, protein kinase C and rod opsin, which serve as markers for ON bipolar cells, OFF bipolar cells, rod bipolar cells and rod photoreceptors, respectively. Both sections and whole‐mounts were labelled with antibodies to Goα and GLT‐1.ResultsFollowing 7 days of detachment, ON bipolar cell processes extended into the outer nuclear layer and had neurites extending beyond their target layer into the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, OFF bipolar cell processes were reduced in the outer plexiform layer following detachment.ConclusionON and OFF bipolar cells undergo significant remodelling of their processes in response to retinal detachment, and the ON and OFF pathways may be differentially affected. The remodelling may be due to morphological changes that have previously been shown to occur in photoreceptor synaptic terminals or as a result of loss of synaptic connections due to photoreceptor cell death.
Fracture Resistance and Mode of Failure of Ceramic versus Titanium Implant Abutments and Single Implant‐Supported Restorations
Authors: Sghaireen Mohd G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe material of choice for implant‐supported restorations is affected by esthetic requirements and type of abutment.PurposeThis study compares the fracture resistance of different types of implant abutments and implant‐supported restorations and their mode of failure.Materials and MethodsForty‐five Oraltronics Pitt‐Easy implants (Oraltronics Dental Implant Technology GmbH, Bremen, Germany) (4 mm diameter, 10 mm length) were embedded in clear autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The implants were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, of 15 implants each. In group A, titanium abutments and metal‐ceramic crowns were used. In group B, zirconia ceramic abutments and In‐Ceram Alumina crowns were used. In group C, zirconia ceramic abutments and IPS Empress Esthetic crowns were used. Specimens were tested to failure by applying load at 130° from horizontal plane using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Subsequently, the mode of failure of each specimen was identified.ResultsFracture resistance was significantly different between groups (p < .05). The highest fracture loads were associated with metal‐ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments (p = .000). IPS Empress crowns supported by zirconia abutments had the lowest fracture loads (p = .000). Fracture modes of metal‐ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments included screw fracture and screw bending. Fracture of both crown and abutment was the dominant mode of failure of In‐Ceram/IPS Empress crowns supported by zirconia abutments.ConclusionsMetal‐ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments were more resistant to fracture than In‐Ceram crowns supported by zirconia abutments, which in turn were more resistant to fracture than IPS Empress crowns supported by zirconia abutments. In addition, failure modes of restorations supported by zirconia abutments were more catastrophic than those for restorations supported by titanium abutments.
The higher‐level phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato
Authors: Hermes Marcel G. , Melo Gabriel A. R. , Carpenter James M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCladistic analyses were carried out to infer the phylogenetic relationships among taxa that were originally part of the large genus Eumenes. Terminals belonging to other eumenine lineages were also included, as well as terminals from other vespid subfamilies. Analyses under equal weights and implied weights were carried out, and better results were obtained with the latter. The results corroborated the monophyly of Eumeninae, and recovered Zethini sensu lato as the sister‐lineage to the remaining eumenines. Eumenes sensu lato as originally recognized is paraphyletic relative to Odynerus sensu lato. A natural classification at the tribal level congruent with the phylogenetic results may be proposed, and the names Zethini, Odynerini, and Eumenini are already available. This is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the Eumeninae to date. A new generic synonymy is Alfieria Giordani Soika, 1934 = Delta de Saussure, 1855.
Ceramic implants (Y‐TZP): are they a viable alternative to titanium implants for the support of overdentures? A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Osman Reham B. , Swain Michael V. , Atieh Momen , Ma Sunyoung , Duncan Warwick 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess 1‐year clinical success of one‐piece zirconia implants compared with similar‐design titanium implants, in the context of a novel protocol for implant distribution.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four edentulous participants were randomly allocated to one‐piece titanium or zirconia implant group. Each participant received four implants in the maxilla (mid‐palatal and three anterior crestal implants) and three implants in the mandible (mid‐symphyseal and two bilateral distal implants). Conventional loading protocol was followed. Marginal bone remodeling and clinical success of implants were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed, and risk predictors for implant failures were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups. In the mandible, the survival rate of titanium implants was 95.8% vs. 90.9% for the zirconia implants. The corresponding values in the maxilla were 71.9% and 55%, respectively. Three implants in the zirconia group fractured. Statistically significant less marginal bone loss was observed around titanium implants (0.18 mm) compared with the zirconia group (0.42 mm). The prediction model revealed a higher risk for implant failures in the maxilla (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe outcome of this study indicates caution before recommendation can be made for the use of single‐piece zirconia implants for overdenture support. Their use should be limited to cases with proven allergy to titanium. This is mainly due to the increased bone loss and higher fracture rate observed for zirconia implants. Future biomaterial research should focus on producing surface characteristics on zirconia implants with outcomes similar to those established for the optimum osseointegration of titanium implants.
An easy access to retrieve dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus: the bony window technique
Authors: Biglioli Federico , Chiapasco Matteo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAim of the studyTo present the authors' experience concerning the removal of dental implants displaced in the maxillary sinus via an intraoral approach consisting of the creation of a bony window pedicled to the maxillary sinus membrane.Materials and methodsThirty‐six systemically healthy patients, presenting with oral implants displaced into the maxillary sinus, but with no signs of acute or chronic sinusitis, were consecutively treated between 2002 and 2012 via an intraoral approach with the bony window technique.ResultsRemoval of oral implants from the maxillary sinus was achieved in all patients, and postoperative recovery was uneventful in all of them. Computed tomographies performed after surgery showed no signs of residual sinus infection in all patients and a complete ossification of the bony window margins. Twelve of the 36 treated patients were treated with a sinus grafting procedure 12–18 months after in the same areas previously treated with the bone lid technique. Seventeen implants were placed in the grafted areas 6–9 months later and, after a further waiting period needed for osseointegration, the treated patients were rehabilitated with implant‐supported prostheses. The survival rate of implants was 100%, and no complications related to the sinuses and implants were recorded.ConclusionResults from this study seem to demonstrate that the bony window technique is a safe and easy way to remove oral implants from the maxillary sinus under local anesthesia. The surgical access is hardly visible 6–12 months after surgery, and maxillary sinuses appeared free from residual pathology in all treated patients. Finally, this procedure allows a second‐stage sinus grafting procedure via a lateral approach as in a previously untreated maxillary sinus, thus allowing an implant‐supported prosthetic restoration.
Early bone apposition to hydrophilic and hydrophobic titanium implant surfaces: a histologic and histomorphometric study in minipigs
Authors: Vasak Christoph , Busenlechner Dieter , Schwarze Uwe Y. , Leitner Herbert F. , Munoz Guzon Fernando , Hefti Thomas , Schlottig Falko , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe first objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of the hydrophilicity on the early phases of osseointegration. The second objective was to compare two hydrophilic implant surfaces with different geometries, surface roughness, and technologies achieving hydrophilicity.Material and methodsTwelve weeks after extraction, all four quadrants of nine minipigs received three dental implants, alternating between hydrophilic microrough surfaces (INICELL and SLActive) and a conventional hydrophobic microrough surface. After 5, 10, and 15 days of submerged healing, ground sections were prepared and subjected to histologic and histomorphometric analysis.ResultsThe histologic analysis revealed a similar healing pattern among the hydrophilic and hydrophobic implant surfaces, with extensive bone formation occurring between day 5 and day 10. With BIC values of greater than 50% after 10 days, all examined surfaces indicated favorable osseointegration at this very early point in healing. At day 15, the mean new bone‐to‐implant contact (newBIC) of one hydrophilic surface (INICELL; 55.8 ± 14.4%) was slightly greater than that of the hydrophobic microrough surface (40.6 ± 20.2%). At day 10 and day 15, an overall of 21% of the implants had to be excluded from analysis due to inflammations primarily caused by surgical complications.ConclusionSubstantial bone apposition occurs between day 5 and day 10. The data suggest that the hydrophilic surface can provoke a slight tendency toward increased bone apposition in minipigs after 15 days. A direct comparison of two hydrophilic surfaces with varying geometries is of limited relevance.
The imperative to prevent and treat childhood obesity: why the world cannot afford to wait
Authors: Messiah S. E. , Lipshultz S. E. , Natale R. A. , Miller T. L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in the United States increased almost 50% among adults and by 300% in children. Today, 9.7% of all U.S. infants up to 2 years old have abnormally high weight‐for‐recumbent length; 25% of children under age 5 are either overweight or obese; and 17% of adolescents are obese. Ethnic disparities in the rates of obesity are also large and apparent in childhood. Further, 44% of obese adolescents have metabolic syndrome. Obese children tend to become obese adults; thus, in a decade, young adults will likely have much higher risks of chronic disease, which has tremendous implications for the healthcare system. However, early childhood may be the best time to prevent obesity. Teachers' healthy eating choices are positively associated with changes in body mass index percentiles for children, for example. In addition, 8 million children attend afterschool programs, which can successfully promote health and wellness and successfully treat obesity. This childhood epidemic of obesity and its health‐related consequences in adolescents should be a clinical and public health priority. However, this major public health problem cannot be managed solely in clinical settings. Rather, public health strategies must be integrated into home and family, school and community‐based settings.
Mitigating the Effect of Development on Bats in England with Derogation Licensing
Authors: STONE EMMA LOUISE , JONES GARETH , HARRIS STEPHEN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Convention on Biological Diversity has catalyzed worldwide awareness of threats to biological diversity and stimulated global conservation strategies. These have led to national and international legislation and have generated debate about the most effective conservation actions. Under the EU Habitats Directive, all member states are obliged to establish a system for strict protection of species listed in Annex IV(a), which includes all bats. In England, this obligation has resulted in legislation that allows for derogation from strict protection under license, provided activities are undertaken to mitigate any potential negative effects on bat numbers. We used an evidence‐based approach to assess the cost‐effectiveness of mitigation strategies and the English bat‐derogation licensing process as a whole. We analyzed data from 389 bat derogation licenses issued in England from 2003 to 2005 relating to 1776 roosts and 15 species to determine the nature and extent of development and mitigation activities and their effects on bats. Overall the effects of licensed activities on roosts were negative. Despite the level of protection afforded to bats, the majority (68%) of roosts for which derogation licenses were issued were destroyed. There were species‐specific differences in the probability of roosts being destroyed, and impacts on roosts did not reflect a species’ conservation status. Information provided by licensees was inadequate and inconsistent. Most licensees (67%) failed to submit postdevelopment reports, and postdevelopment monitoring was conducted at only 19% of sites. Despite a minimum of £4.13 million spent on mitigation structures for bats from 2003 to 2005, it was unclear whether the licensing process meets EU obligations. On the basis of our results, we believe there is a need to overhaul the licensing process, to establish a comprehensive, standardized postdevelopment monitoring system, and to demonstrate that mitigation is commensurate with Britain's legal obligations.Mitigando el Efecto del Desarrollo sobre los Murciélagos en Inglaterra con Licencias de Derogación
Closure of fistula‐in‐ano with laser – FiLaC™: an effective novel sphincter‐saving procedure for complex disease
Authors: Giamundo P. , Geraci M. , Tibaldi L. , Valente M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimFistula laser closure (FiLaC™) is a novel sphincter‐saving procedure for the treatment of anal fistula. Primary closure of the track is achieved using laser energy emitted by a radial fibre connected to a diode laser. The energy causes shrinkage of the tissue around the radial fibre with the aim being to close the track. This pilot study was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of this new technique in the treatment of anal fistula.MethodThirty‐five patients with anal fistula underwent the FiLaC™ procedure. They had either a primary or a recurrent trans‐sphincteric anal fistula, a previously placed seton or a fistula involving a significant portion of the sphincter with a potential risk of postoperative incontinence on fistulotomy. The surgical procedure consisted of ‘sealing’ the fistula by laser energy. The primary end‐point was cure of the disease and evaluation of morbidity. The secondary end‐point was an assessment of the degree of postoperative continence using the Cleveland Clinic Florida (CCF) Fecal Incontinence Score.ResultsThe median operation time was 20 (6–35) min. No intra‐operative complications were reported. Median duration of follow up was 20 (3–36) months. Primary healing was observed in 25 (71.4%) patients. There were eight (23%) failures and two recurrences at 3 and 6 months after the operation. No patient reported incontinence postoperatively.ConclusionThe laser FiLaC™ procedure for fistula‐in‐ano is a safe, relatively simple, minimally invasive, sphincter‐saving procedure with a high chance of success.
Hybrid transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a novel approach to rectal neoplasm excision
Authors: Marrosu A. , Paliogiannis P. , Ruggiu M. W. , Attene F. , Trignano M. , Scognamillo F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimRectal neoplasm excision is a challenging issue in gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgery. This technical note describes a hybrid method for the excision of challenging rectal neoplasms.MethodThe procedure consists of the combined use of classic endoscopy and transanal endoscopic microsurgical instrumentation for full‐thickness removal of a recurrent rectal polyp in a patient who had previously undergone endoscopic excision of a Tis rectal adenocarcinoma, located behind the valve of Houston and 9 cm from the anal verge.ResultsThe lesion was removed completely in 50 min with no operative complication. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged after 5 days. Pathological examination of the specimen confirmed complete resection of the lesion with adequate disease‐free margins.ConclusionHybrid transanal endoscopic microsurgery successfully combines the precision and flexibility of classic endoscopy with the radicality and safety of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of demanding benign or early‐stage malignant rectal tumours.