bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Algorithm for the General Quay Crane Double-Cycling Problem
Authors: Lee Chung-Yee , Liu Ming , Chu Chengbin 
Published: November 2014

Quay crane efficiency is the key bottleneck for container port productivity. An important issue of container terminal optimization is the quay crane double-cycling problem (QCDCP). For the simple scenario without hatch covers, a two-machine flow shop scheduled model can be formulated that can be solved by Johnson’s rule. For the general QCDCP with hatch covers, the state-of-the-art solution approaches are only heuristics. The computational complexity of the problem, however, remains an open question. This paper focuses on the general QCDCP. We investigate the computational complexity of the problem, by showing that it can be formulated as a flow shop scheduling problem with series-parallel precedence constraints, thus allowing it to be solved polynomially. For ease of implementation, we present an optimal algorithm for the general QCDCP, which is a special and simplified version of Sidney’s algorithm.
The role of serotonin in adolescent suicide: theoretical, methodological, and clinical concerns
Authors: Picouto María Dolores , Villar Francisco , Braquehais María Dolores 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a complex phenomenon that has similarities and differences with adult suicidal behavior. Serotonergic (5-HT) dysfunction has extensively been studied in adults and has been postulated as a biological marker for suicide.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the studies available in MEDLINE from January 1998 until January 2014 on the role of “serotonin” both in adults’ and adolescents’ “completed suicide”, “suicide attempts”, and “suicidal ideation”.
Results: Studies on 5-HT conducted in adults and replicated in adolescents have yielded inconsistent results. Although some genes related to the serotonergic system have been associated with an increased risk of suicide, attempts to reproduce those findings have been unsuccessful and a common genetic variant associated to suicidal behavior has yet to be identified.
Discussion: Studies on the neurobiology of adolescent suicide should consider the biological specificities of this life stage and of gender differences during this period. Future research designs should also try to integrate findings in the psychological and biological domains. Prospective studies may help understand the process that leads from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts or completed suicides in this population.
Suicide medical malpractice: an educational overview
Authors: Sher Leo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA malpractice lawsuit is in the legal category of an action in tort, which is a demand for compensation for the damages that have occurred. For a physician to be found liable to a patient for malpractice, four essential elements must be proved to sustain an assertion of malpractice: duty, negligence, harm, and causation. The incidence of malpractice litigation in the field of psychiatry is increasing. The most common malpractice claim related to psychiatric practice is the failure to provide reasonable protection to patients from killing themselves. A psychiatrist should be able to evaluate suicide risk on the basis of all available information, including patient responses to direct and indirect questions, known risk factors, information on how the patient behaved under similar circumstances in the past, and collateral information. Reasonable care necessitates that a patient who is either thought of being or established to be suicidal must be the subject of some precautions. A failure either to soundly assess a patient’s suicide risk or to employ an appropriate safety plan after the suicide potential becomes foreseeable is likely to make a physician liable if the patient is harmed because of a suicide event. It is imperative for a psychiatric office or facility to have a good documentation. Careful documentation of evaluations and treatment interventions with a description of changes related to the patient’s clinical condition indicates clinically and legally appropriate psychiatric care.
Power Quality Improvement in Bridgeless Ac–Dc Converter Based Multi-output Switched Mode Power Supply
Authors: Singh Shihka , Singh Bhim , Bhuvaneswari G. , Bist Vashist 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Computer power supplies are required to have multiple isolated regulated dc voltages with low ripple content and high input power factor at the utility interface. A dc–dc converter is used for obtaining these isolated multi-output dc voltages with excellent regulation. In this paper, a non-isolated ac–dc converter is proposed as the first stage converter to obtain a regulated dc output rather than using a simple uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier at the front end. A dc–dc converter is used at the second stage that has a high frequency transformer with multiple secondary windings to obtain different dc voltage levels at the output. The proposed bridgeless converter based power supply is designed using fundamental design equations, and different component values are calculated. Extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed bridgeless converter based multi-output computer power supply at varying source voltages and load conditions. Experimental validation of the power supply is carried on a developed hardware prototype, and the test results are compared with the simulated performance for design verification.
Ineffable narratives in Spanish: Another case of overgeneration by e-GIVENness
Authors: Saab Andrés 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I present a new case of overgeneration for the semantic view on identity in ellipsis. Concretely, I show that a radical version of the semantic approach to the identity condition on ellipsis, in particular, one with the notion of mutual entailment at its heart, wrongly predicts as grammatical cases of TP-ellipsis in Spanish where a (formal) present tense feature on T in the antecedent entails a (formal) past tense feature in the elliptical constituent and vice versa. However, this is not attested: present tense cannot serve as a suitable antecedent for formal past tense in TP-ellipsis contexts, regardless of pragmatic entailment. On the basis of this and other new observations in the realm of tense and ellipsis, several consequences for the theory of identity in ellipsis, on the one hand, and the proper representation of tense in natural languages, on the other, are also discussed.
Change point test for tail index of scale-shifted processes
Authors: Kim Moosup , Lee Sangyeol 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the change point test for the tail index of
scale-shifted processes. To this task, we propose two tests. The
first is designed via examining the discrepancy between the two
Hill estimators obtained from the observations before and after a
preliminary change point estimate. The second is a modified
recursive test which uses scale-adjusted observations. Both methods produce a tail index estimator that outperforms the Hill estimator. A simulation study and real data analysis are provided
for illustration.
Circulating FGF21 levels are related to nutritional status and metabolic but not hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Madej Paweł , Wdowczyk Michał , Owczarek Aleksander , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse relationships between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and nutritional status, and metabolic and hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women.Design and settingA cross-sectional study involving 85 PCOS (48 obese) and 72 non-PCOS women (41 obese) was conducted to evaluate the relationship between FGF21 levels and PCOS.MethodsAnthropometric parameters and body composition were determined. In the fasting state; serum concentrations of glucose, androgens, FSH, LH, SHBG, insulin and FGF21 were measured.ResultsPlasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in obese women compared with normal-weight women in both PCOS and non-PCOS subgroups (120.3 (18.2–698) vs 62.3 (16.4–323.6) pg/ml, P<0.05 and 87.2 (12.9–748.4) vs 62.9 (18.0–378.8) pg/ml, P<0.05 respectively). Additionally, circulating FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the obese PCOS subgroup compared with the non-PCOS subgroup (120.3 (18.2–698.0) vs 87.2 (12.9–748.4) pg/ml, P<0.05). Circulating FGF21 levels were proportional to BMI (R=0.27; P<0.001), body fat mass (R=0.24; P<0.01) and percentage (R=0.24; P<0.01), as well as waist circumference (R=0.26; P<0.01). Additionally, plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were related to FGF21 levels (R=0.44; P<0.001 and R=0.19; P<0.05 respectively). In multiple regression analysis, circulating FGF21 level variability was explained by HOMA-IR values and fat percentage, as well as waist circumference, but not correlated with oestradiol levels and free androgen index values.ConclusionsHigher circulating FGF21 levels are related to nutritional status and insulin resistance independent of PCOS. Increased FGF21 is associated with metabolic but not hormonal disturbances.
Toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with different carbon chain lengths in mice and humans
Authors: Fujii Yukiko , Niisoe Tamon , Harada Kouji H. , Uemoto Shinji , Ogura Yasuhiro , Takenaka Katsunobu , Koizumi Akio 
Published: November 2014

Toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with different carbon chain lengths in mice and humans: Yukiko FUJII, et al. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine—ObjectivesPerfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) consist of analogs with various carbon chain lengths. Their toxicokinetics have remained unexplored except in the case of perfluorooctanoic acid (8 carbon chemicals). This study aimed to investigate the toxicokinetics of PFCAs with six to fourteen carbon atoms (C6 to C14) in mice and humans.MethodsWe applied a two‐compartment model to mice administered PFCAs intravenously or by gavage. The time courses of the serum concentration and tissue distribution and elimination were evaluated for 24 hours after treatment. For human samples, urine from healthy volunteers, bile from patients who underwent biliary drainage, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from brain drainage were collected.ResultsThe mouse experiment showed that short‐chained PFCAs (C6 and C7) were rapidly eliminated in the urine, whereas long‐chain PFCAs (C8 to C14) accumulated in the liver and were excreted slowly in feces. Urinary clearance of PFCAs in humans also decreased with increasing alkyl chain lengths, while biliary clearances increased. C9 to C10 had the smallest total clearance for both mice and humans. However, disparities existed in the magnitude of the total clearance between mice and humans. A slightly higher partition ratio (brain/serum) was observed for long‐chained PFCAs in mice, but this was not observed in the corresponding partition ratio in humans (CSF/serum).ConclusionsThe large sequestration volumes of PFCAs in the liver seem to be attributable to the liver's large binding capacity in both species. This will be useful in evaluating PFCA bioaccumulation in other species.
Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review
Authors: Rossini Gabriele , Parrini Simone , Castroflorio Tommaso , Deregibus Andrea , Debernardi Cesare L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the scientific evidence related to the efficacy of clear aligner treatment (CAT) in controlling orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, PMC, NLM, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, and LILACs were searched from January 2000 to June 2014 to identify all peer-reviewed articles potentially relevant to the review. Methodological shortcomings were highlighted and the quality of the studies was ranked using the Cochrane Tool for Risk of Bias Assessment.

Results:
Eleven relevant articles were selected (two Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT), five prospective non-randomized, four retrospective non-randomized), and the risk of bias was moderate for six studies and unclear for the others. The amount of mean intrusion reported was 0.72 mm. Extrusion was the most difficult movement to control (30% of accuracy), followed by rotation. Upper molar distalization revealed the highest predictability (88%) when a bodily movement of at least 1.5 mm was prescribed. A decrease of the Little's Index (mandibular arch: 5 mm; maxillary arch: 4 mm) was observed in aligning arches.

Conclusions:
CAT aligns and levels the arches; it is effective in controlling anterior intrusion but not anterior extrusion; it is effective in controlling posterior buccolingual inclination but not anterior buccolingual inclination; it is effective in controlling upper molar bodily movements of about 1.5 mm; and it is not effective in controlling rotation of rounded teeth in particular. However, the results of this review should be interpreted with caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the studies.
In vitro and in vivo effect of poplar bud (Populi gemma) Extracts on late blight (Phytophthora infestans)
Authors: Bálint János , Turóczi Botond , Máthé István , Benedek Klára , Szabó Károly-Attila , Balog Adalbert 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The effect of populin extract from black poplar (Populus nigra) on late blight was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The growth rate of hyphae was found to be significantly lower after 1v/v% populin application, and no hyphae growth was detected under 3 and 6v/v% populin application. Populin also reduced the light blight severity on potato leaves under field conditions. From our results, we have concluded that populin extract can be considered as a new and environmentally-friendly alternative for the control of late blight under field conditions.
Landscape ecological and visual significance of dendrological gardens in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Fekete Albert , Sárospataki Máté , Takács Katalin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article presents and summarizes our observations based on historical research and site visits of 130 dendrological gardens in Hungary and 36 sites in Transylvania. The results favourably demonstrate the outstanding ecological and landscape values of these dendrological gardens in the Carpathian Basin. The research identifies the most typical exotic woody species that can be still found in those dendrological gardens that were developed in the Carpathian Basin during the era of creating landscape gardens, which is the 19th century in our region. We have defined about twenty exotic tree species, located in the researched dendrological gardens, of which presence highly affects the architectural and botanical composition, just as the landscape appearance or atmosphere of these gardens. Beyond all these effects, the article also highlights two other important points of the dendrological gardens: firstly, these gardens were breeding and acclimatization centres for spreading the new woody species, while, on the other hand, representatives of the spontaneous flora remained as veteran trees in these protected gardens, representing - mainly due to their age - outstanding ecological, dendrological and cultural values.
Improving the urban green system and green network through the rehabilitation of railway rust areas
Authors: Hutter Dóra , Szilágyi Kinga 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Industrial Revolution had a negative impact on both the city and the environment. By the second half of the 19th century, the urban erosion of industrial cities cried for direct intervention and curing. The methods developed either along an urban or an anti-urban philosophy: they resulted in the new models of green belt systems aimed at solving all the main urban problems with restructuring the urban fabric, controlling the urban spread into the rural landscape, the lack of green areas and open spaces for recreation and social life, and the lack of green spaces for ventilation. Nowadays, the major cities and capitals around the globe are competing for titles such as healthier, more liveable or even greener city. Given the unfortunate attributes of the urban structure in the historical cities, the development of new transportation sites or green areas is an extremely difficult issue. On the other hand, in the big cities, the brownfield sites are considered as reserve areas for sustainable urban development. Reusing the brownfields and rust areas is already a land saving urban development approach and in case of a complex and ecological urban rehabilitation it can underlie the development of an efficient urban green system and green network.
Thermal-Insulation Properties of Multilayer Textile Packages
Authors: Matusiak Małgorzata , Kowalczyk Sylwia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Thermal-insulation properties of textile materials play a significant role in material engineering of protective clothing. Thermal-insulation properties are very important from the point of view of thermal comfort of the clothing user as well as the protective efficiency against low or high temperature. Thermal protective clothing usually is a multilayer construction. Its thermal insulation is a resultant of a number of layers and their order, as well as the thermalinsulation properties of a single textile material creating particular layers. The aim of the presented work was to investigate the relationships between the thermal-insulation properties of single materials and multilayer textile packages composed of these materials. Measurement of the thermal-insulation properties of single and multilayer textile materials has been performed with the Alambeta. The following properties have been investigated: thermal conductivity, resistance and absorptivity. Investigated textile packages were composed of two, three and four layers made of woven and knitted fabrics, as well as nonwovens. On the basis of the obtained results an analysis has been carried out in order to assess the dependency of the resultant values of the thermal-insulation properties of multilayer packages on the appropriate values of particular components.
Sterile Foliage of Fertile Sydneia Manleyi and
Synangial Chemistry (Eusporangiate Fern, Late Asturian, Canada): A New Subfamily
Sydneideae
Authors: Pšenička Josef , Zodrow Erwin L. , D'Angelo José A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Typification of Sydneia manleyi Pšenička et al. 2003 is based
entirely on fertile foliage. Of late, attached sterile-fertile segments have
been found which are illustrated and described, together with cutic-ular
preparations. A new subfamily, Sydneideae subfam. nov. is erected for the
monotypytic species. The synangial chemistry is compared with marattialean
synangia/sporangia from the Czech Republic and from Canada.
Qualitative studies investigating the effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation - methodological approaches and perspectives / Qualitative Studien zur Wirkung therapeutischer Interventionen – methodische Zugänge und Perspektiven am Beispiel Schlaganfallrehabilitation
Authors: Hansen Hilke 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The article focuses on topics, approaches, and methodological perspectives of qualitative intervention research developing within an experimental science-oriented research environment. Recent stroke rehabilitation studies from physical, occupational and speechlanguage therapy and nursing sciences predominantly utilize qualitative content summary, largely without reference to established qualitative research approaches. A majority of these studies is characterized by inventories of topics covered by research participants in interviews and focus groups. Based on existing typologies of qualitative findings, opportunities for developing the complexity and explanatory power of qualitative intervention research are discussed. A more thorough methodological foundation and quality control are important tasks for future development.
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership - A View from America's Trenches
Authors: Bledowski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Expectations run high about the cornucopia of riches which are supposed to fow from the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). TTIP is a proposed free trade agreement between the United States and the European Union. It aims to build upon the already sweeping scope of the North American Free Trade Agreement concluded two decades earlier and the 2013 Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), which removes 99 % of tariffs between the EU and Canada.1 Te TTIP negotiations were launched in July 2013 with an initial time frame of completion within two years.
It is too early to pass judgment about the benefits of the deal simply because its scope is still being framed as of this writing. However, it's possible to shed light on the most likely sticking points during the negotiations, particularly those seen from the U.S. negotiating side. Likewise, it's not too early to draw up interests and concerns of U.S. business. Both are discussed in this paper.
The first section takes stock of the likely scope of negotiations. The second section summarizes the view of business gleaned from a survey of corporate executives. The survey was conducted among members of the Manufacturers Alliance for Productivity and Innovation, an education forum for senior managers of large industrial companies.
Analysis of interspecies physicochemical variation of grain legume seeds
Authors: Rybiński Wojciech , Rusinek Robert , Szot Bogusław , Bocianowski Jan , Starzycki Michał 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents an attempt to assess the reaction of seeds to mechanical loads taking into account their geometry expressed as seed thickness and 1000 seed weight. The initial material comprised 33 genotypes of grain legume plants and included cultivars registered in the country and breeding lines that are subject to pre-registration trials. The analysis of variance revealed significant diversity of the cultivars and lines of the species studied in terms of each of the analysed trait. The highest weight of 1000 seeds were obtained for white lupine seeds and peas, the lowest for andean lupine seeds. The maximum deformation and energy were obtained for white lupine seeds, the lowest for pea seeds, the maximum force and module the lowest values were determined for narrow-leafed lupine and pea. The highest values of protein were obtained for andean and yellow lupine, a fat content for andean and white lupine. The fatty acid profile as much as 70% or more were linoleic and oleic acids. Against the background of all the species are distinguished by white lupine seeds with a high content of oleic acid and the lowest of linoleic acid, for yellow lupine were obtained the inverse ratio of the two acids.