bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the Effect and Safety of Oral Lactoferrin Therapy for Functional Iron Deficiency Anemia in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elshinnawy Howayda Abdelhameed , Mohamed Elsaed Tamer Wahed , Abdelwahab Sanad Khaled Gouda , Mohammed Mohammed Mohammed Ashraf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Anemia is one of the main problems in hemodialysis patients, which is caused by inadequate production of erythropoietin. Functional iron deficiency (FID) anemia is a kind of anemia, which lack of functional iron therein leads to resistance and inappropriate response to erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the present study was to study the effect and safety of oral lactoferrin therapy for functional iron deficiency anemia in prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods
This was Randomized clinical trial, was conducted at El Demerdash hemodialysis unit on 70 prevalent hemodialysis patients divided into 2 groups: (Group A): included 35 patients with functional iron deficiency anemia, received lactoferrin together with the recommended dose of ESA therapy for 3 months, (Group B): included 35 patients with functional iron deficiency anemia, received no lactoferrin apart from the recommended dose of ESA therapy for 3 months.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard sex, occupation, residence and age. There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard height, weight and BMI. There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard history. There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard hemoglobin and WBCs. There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard PLT and Reticulocyte %. There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard ferritin, serum iron and TSAT. There was highly statistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard KT/V and URR at 3 months. There was nostatistically significant difference between the two studied groups (group A and group B) as regard KT/V and URR at baseline.

Conclusion
Oral lactoferrin could not be used as a substitute to totally replace IV ferrous sulphate in treating iron deficiency anemia in end stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. Oral lactoferrin could not even control Hb level constant without dropping in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Oral lactoferrin had some gastrointestinal effects on some patients which did not allow compliance on the medication.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Endoscopic Biopsy Negative Gastrointestinal Lesion
Authors: Ghaly Sameh Mohammad , Okasha Hussein Hassan , Ali Eldeen Zainab Ahmed , Anwar Ayman Gamil , Aziz Tari Magdy , Mohammad Mahmoud Ahmad Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The rapidly growing incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies, makes early detection of such lesions a mandatory issue. EUS is a very sensitive modality in diagnosis of GIT wall lesions with superiority in diagnostic yield over conventional endoscopy, and non- invasive diagnostic modalities as CT and MRI.

Aim
To assess the feasibility, safety and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of endoscopic biopsy negative gastrointestinal lesions.

Material and Methods
We conducted this prospective study over the period of 2 years that included 245 patients with mean age 46 years. All included patients had suspected GIT lesions with repeated negative endoscopic biopsies. All patients underwent EUS examination and EUS- FNA in the same session.

Results
EUS diagnosis SE, SP, PVP, PVN, LR+, LR-, and, DiAc were 0.94, 0.90, 0.93, 0.91, 9.11, 14.7, and 0.92 respectively, while EUS-FNA SE, SP, PVP, PVN, LR+, LR-, and DiAc were 0.86, 0.99, 0.99, 0.83, 83.89, 7.32, and 0.91respectively, with 100% technical success. Size of the lesion, size of the needle, and number of needle passes had no impact on diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA. No procedure related complications were reported.

Conclusions
EUS with EUS-FNA is a safe, feasible modality with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of endoscopic biopsy negative gastrointestinal lesions irrespective to anatomical location of the lesion, layer of origin, lesion size, lesion echotecture, and no impact of needle size and number of needle passes on the diagnostic yield of EUS and EUS-FNA.
Effect of Central Dialysis Fluid Delivery System (CDDS) using high flux dialyzer versus Regular Water Treatment Stations on Endotoxemia and Inflammatory Markers among Prevalent Patients on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Elshinnawy Howaida Abd ELhamid , ElSayed Hesham Mohamed , El Said Heba Wahid , Abdelsamie Marwa Shaban , Hammoda Hoda Mohamed , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Translocated endotoxins derived either from intestinal bacteria or backfiltration, have a wide range of adverse effects on patients. Most end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have systemic inflammation which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) has been used exclusively in Japan since 1960s, and now is being used in Ain Shams University. Our aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of (CDDS) versus single patient dialysis fluid delivery system (SPDDS) on endotoxemia and inflammatory markers among prevalent patients on regular hemodialysis (HD).

Methods
Eighty Patients were randomly selected from HD units, then divided into two groups, (group I) doing HD using CDDS water purification system at El Demerdash Hospital, (group II) using regular water purification system at Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital. Pre- dialysis and post-dialysis serum samples were obtained to measure endotoxin levels of both groups, as well as postdialysis serum samples were obtained to measure interleukin 6 (IL6) level and highly sensitive Creactive protein (Hs CRP).

Results
Circulating endotoxemia was most notable in group II, The mean predialysis endotoxin level in group I was 0.07 ± 0.05 Eu/mL, while in group II was 0.20 ± 0.07 Eu/mL and mean of post-dialysis endotoxin level in group I was 0.04 ± 0.02 Eu/mL, while in group II was 0.15 ± 0.03 Eu/mL. IL6 as well as Hs CRP levels were higher in group II in comparison to group I.

Conclusion
Our data showed significant reduction in circulating endotoxins in CDDS group.
Impact of Serum IL 10 on Early Prediction of Allograft Rejection in Liver Transplantation
Authors: El-Deeb Mai Ahmed , Okba Ashraf , EL-Meteini Mahmoud , El-Sayed Ahmed Eman , Mamdouh Rasha , Maged Mariam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Tissue transplantation is the preferred treatment for end organ failure such as heart, lung, kidney and liver. Unless the donor and recipient of a transplant are genetically identical, the donated tissue is viewed by the immune system of the recipient as non-self. multiple cytokines are involved in this process, however little is known about their predictive role in rejection. IL10 which exhibit anti-inflammatory activity could be used as early predictor of acute rejection.

Objective
The aim of the current study is to evaluate the possible association between serum IL10 level in liver transplant patients and acute allograft rejection. Patients and Method: This study was conducted on 45 subjects. Patients will be followed up for 2months and they will be further divided into two groups: Those who developed early acute rejection and those who did not develop rejection (controls)

Result
The study included 38 patients did not develop rejection and 7 patients developed rejection. We found unchanged during rejection of the LT of the levels of IL-10

Conclusion
Several studymust be conducted on cytokines on large sample size to prove early prediction of acute rejection
Ascitic ENDOCAN as a Useful Marker in the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Mari Makhlouf Mohammad Ali , Abdo Ahmed Abbas , Abdel-Jalil Al-Knawy Mohi Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious, recurrent, and life-threatening condition developing in cirrhotic patients with a high mortality rate. Its diagnosis is based on ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to be more than 250/μL. Endocan is a proteoglycan (PG) secreted by vascular endothelium, its serum level is elevated with an inflammatory or a malignant process.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the potential role of ascitic fluid levels of endocan as an appropriate marker for prediction and early diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Patients and Methods
This was Prospective cohort study, was conducted in hepatology Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital over 100 patients with liver cirrhosis classified into two groups: (Non-SBP): included 50 patients of decompensated cirrhosis with sterile (non SBP) ascites, (SBP): included 50 Adult patients with liver cirrhosis and SBP, during a Period 6 months. All patients were subjected to: Full history taking, Clinical examination, Routine investigations, Radiology investigations, Determination of ascitic endocan levels by ELISA.

Result
The main results of the study revealed that: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard personal data. There was a high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regardsChild-Pugh score. There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard LFT. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard WBCs. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard INR. There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard creatinine. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Ascetic endocan.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ascitic endocan level is an independent risk factor for SBP and has a high diagnostic value for detecting SBP in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
Lipocalin-2 Level in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Association with Insulin Resistance and Metformin Therapy
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , Ali Hendawy Laila Mahmoud , Makram Mina Adel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
PCOS appears to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic aberrations, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease throughout womens’ lifespan.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to: Assess the association of Lipocalin-2 with polycystic ovary syndrome in a sample of the Egyptian female. Study the effect of metformin therapy on Lipocalin-2 level in female patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted on 52 females. Their age ranged between 17-43 years old. They were collected from the outpatient obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of Ain Shams University Hospitals, assess the association of Lipocalin-2 with polycystic ovary syndrome in a sample of Egyptian females and its association with insulin resistance. It was conducted from June 2018 to March 2019. The study was explained to all patients and control subjects, and written consent was obtained before starting the study.

Results
Serum lipocalin-2 levels did not differ between patients with PCOS and BMI-matched healthy controls (P-value 0.193). In the present study, there was no significant difference between the 2 studied groups as regard HOMA-IR (p = 0.375). Metformin therapy for 3 months in patients with PCOS in the present study, resulted in significant reduction in lipocalin-2 level (p- value&lt;0.01), (mean 54.2±15.3 ng/ml before metformin therapy vs 42.9±14.2 ng/ml after metformin therapy). In our study metformin therapy in PCOS group resulted in significant reduction in weight, BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, linear regression analysis for the parameters affecting lipocalin level in our study, showed that BMI was the only significant confounder affecting lipocalin level. So the reduction in lipocalin level following metformin therapy in PCOS group in our study may be due to weight reduction perse.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our results show that PCOS per se is not associated with elevated serum lipocalin-2 levels. Weight loss induces a significant reduction in serum lipocalin-2 levels in overweight/obese patients with PCOS. Treatment with metformin of patients with PCOS also induces a reduction in serum lipocalin-2 levels.
Violence in Relation to Cognitive Deficits and Symptom Severity in a Sample of Egyptian Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Okasha Tarek Ahmed , Omar Abdel Nasser , Elserafy Doha , Serry Samar , Rabie Eman S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with schizophrenia are significantly more likely to be violent than general population; and the consequences of this violence risk are often very serious for the patients, their caregivers and the entire community. This study assesses the risk of violence in patients with schizophrenia and its correlation with severity of symptoms and cognitive functions.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference between case and control groups regarding risk of violence assessed using HCR-20 scale; where 58% of the case group were found to have risk of violence compared to only 18 % in the control group, There was a significant correlation between this risk of violence and duration of untreated psychosis, no of episodes and history of substance use; also was significantly correlated with severity of symptoms assessed using PANSS and cognitive dysfunctions assessed using Wisconsin card sorting test subscales. Regarding logistic regression analysis for factors affecting violence risk; total PANSS score and history of substance use were significant independent factors that increase violence risk.

Conclusions
Violence risk in patient with schizophrenia is a cardinal factor that may affect life of the patients, their family and society; this risk can be affected by different factors including severity of symptoms, no of episodes, history of substance use and cognitive function of the patients as proven by the results of our study ;so our study recommends that proper comprehensive assessment of the violence risk in the routine psychiatric assessment is mandatory for rapid and better intervention.
Retrospective Study of Survival Outcome of Primary Debulking Surgery vs Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Ain Shams University Hospitals Patients
Authors: Azmi Ali Mohammad , Sabry Elkady Mohammad , Hassan Abd-Elaziz Ahmad , Nofal Ahmad Maamoun , Mahmoud Ahmad Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Role of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced Epithelial Ovarian cancer is evolving, but primary debulking surgery is still the main treatment approach.

Aim and Objectives
to investigate weather neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery is equal or superior to primary debulking surgery in terms of progression free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Subjects and Methods
we conducted a retrospective study of 50 patients identified with epithelial ovarian cancer stages III &IV in Ain Shams University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018, and stratified into two treatment groups 1st group was for patients who underwent primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, 2nd group was for patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery, And followed them up to 3 years.

Results
out of 50 patients included in the study 36 patients (72%) underwent PDS followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, while 14 patients (28%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IDS, among the PDS group, the median PFS time in months was 18 month, 95% CI(13.2-22.7) and for neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was 25 month 95% CI (16-52), this difference was not statistically significant, Log Rank test. P value = 0.373, the three year progression free survival was 32% among the studied population, and rates were, respectively, 27.8% and 42.9% in primary debulking and neoadjuvant group. Among primary debulking group the mean survival time in months was 32.6 month, 95% CI(30.2-34.7) and for neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was 30.26 month 95% CI (25.28-35.25), this difference was not statistically significant, Log Rank test. P value = 0.0.768. The three year overall survival rate among the studied group was 74.4%, and rates were, respectively, 75% and 73.3% in PDS and NAC group. Out of all sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients included, Our study demonstrated 2 independent prognostic factors which are optimal debulking surgery and surprisingly positive family history.

Conclusion
our study demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery provides equal survival compared with primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, NAC is a very considerable option to treat advanced EOC for selected cases in which surgery is infeasible or has very high risk morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Cystone against Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hatem Mohamed Abdallah Nourhan Mohammed , Abdelwahab S , Nofal Ahmed , Naguib Khaled 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cisplatin is a cost effective widely used antineoplastic drug to treat a number of solid tumors. The major dose-limiting toxicity is nephrotoxicity. Cystone is one of drugs that have been tested to reduce the incidence of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI). This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cystone against CIAKI in larger number of patients relative to previously conducted pilot studies .

Methods
A prospective phase II, open-label randomized controlled study was conducted in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy in Ain Shams University Hospitals, using cystone tablet (manufactured by the Himalayan Pharmaceutical Company, India) administered as two pills every 8 hours continuously through course of chemotherapy starting from the day before receiving chemotherapy. A total of 99 patients were randomized between the control and cystone arms. The primary endpoint was the incidence of AKI according to Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE) in each treatment arm. Secondary endpoints include need to dose modification between both arms.

Results
There was clinical difference in the incidence of CIAKI any grade between the two arms (12% in cystone arm vs 34 % in control arm P = 0.4. Need to dose modification is 10.4% vs 12 % (P = 0.8). There was a statistically significant difference between the two arms as regards the difference between values (mean) of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance values initially and at the end of treatment favoring drop of renal functions in control group (P = 0.000 and 0.003) respectively.

Conclusion
Our study did not demonstrate clearly a protective role of cystone in decreasing the incidence of CIAKI in patients receiving cisplatin based chemotherapy. However, drop of renal function in control arm with comparison to study arm may give an indication to further study cystone in different doses to assess its protective role against CIAKI.
Assessment of Conjunctival Surface Changes in Post COVID Patients by Impression Cytology
Authors: Asaad Marwa Mohamed , Hamdi Momen Mahmoud , Hafez Fatma S , Nabil Radwa Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The conjunctiva is a transparent, clear, thin membrane that covers part of the eye’s front surface and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is divided into three regions: the palpebral or tarsal conjunctiva, the bulbar or ocular conjunctiva, and the conjunctival fornices. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 after a series of acute atypical lung disease cases occurred in Wuhan, China.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the our study is assessment of the inflammatory and neoplastic changes that happened on the ocular surface especially the conjunctiva according to Nelson staging system in post-COVID-19 patients and evaluated by impression cytology.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on a selected sample of patients attending the Ophthalmology outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo, specimens of impression cytology were stained and examined in the Pathology department of Ain Shams University.

Results
In the present study, comparison between cases and controls groups as regards epithelial cells showed that in cases group there was normal, small, round cells in 19(59.4%) cases, slightly larger, more polygonal cell in 11(34.4%), and Larger, polygonal cells in 2(6.3%), and in controls group, there was normal, small, round cells in 25(78.1%) cases, slightly larger, more polygonal cell in 7(21.9%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards epithelial cells (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, As regards N/C ratio where in cases group the ratio was 1:2 in 19(59.4%) cases, 1:3 in 11(34.4%), and 1:4-1:5 in 2(6.3%), and in controls group, it was 1:2 in 25(78.1%) cases, 1:3 in 7(21.9%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards N/C ratio. In the current study, as regards Keratinization where 6(18.8%) cases had mild keratinization in cases group in comparison to 2(6.3%) cases in controls group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards Keratinization (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, we found that there was no dysplasia in both cases and controls groups. The comparison between cases and controls groups as regard Goblet cells where in cases group the goblet cells was stage 0 in 17(53.1%) cases, others was stage 1 in 13(40.6%), and the cells was stage 2 in 2(6.3%), and in controls group, there was stage 0 cells in 22(68.8%) cases, stage 1 in 10(31.3%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard goblet cells density.

Conclusion
There is non significant inflammatory or neoplastic changes that have been occurred in conjunctival surface in post-COVID-19 patients. Except for lymphocytes infiltration.