bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Bioassay for Detection of Preimplantation Factor (PIF)
Authors: Roussev Roumen G. , Barnea Eytan R. , Thomason Edward J. , Coulam Carolyn B. 
Published: May 2013

PROBLEM: To identify the presence of vital preimplantation embryos in vivo in humans, a newly observed phenomenon based on autorosette formation between lymphocytes and platelets, when treated with pregnant sera, was used as a marker.METHOD: Serum samples were obtained from 65 patients on the fourth day after embryo transfer (ET). Sera from 10 healthy males and 47 nonpregnant women were used as controls. The preimplantation factor (PIF) was detected by using blood group 0+ donor lymphocytes and platelets incubated with blinded serum in the presence of anti‐CD2 antibody and rabbit complement. Human chorion gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations were determined 7 days later and compared with results of the lymphocyte‐platelets assay. Implantation was confirmed by ultrasonographic evidence of presence of an intrauterine gestational sac. The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in the observed phenomena was studied experimentally.RESULTS: Significantly more lymphocyte‐platelet rosette formations were observed when sera from women who successfully implanted were compared to sera from women who failed to implant. This assay yielded a specificity of 95%, sensitivity of 88%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictability of 90%. PAF added directly to the cell suspension and tested sera controls did not influence the percentage of lymphocyte/platelets rosettes.CONCLUSION: The application of PIF assay will enable the identification and study of early pregnancy events before the implantation occur. PAF by itself is not responsible for the rosette formation.
Is Spontaneous Resorption in the DBA/2‐Mated CBA/J Mouse due to a Defect in “Seed” or in “Soil”?
Authors: Muzikova Ewa , Clark David A. 
Published: May 2013

PROBLEM: Recurrent spontaneous resorption in DBA/2‐mated CBA/J mice has been attributed to damage by NK‐lineage cells and TNF‐α beginning several days after implantation. However, some recent data have suggested CBA/J female mice have a high proportion of preimplantation embryo abnormalities resulting in defective in vitro implantation and impaired trophoblast outgrowth. Could spontaneous abortion be due to a defective embryo (“seed”) rather than a hostile post‐implantation uterine lining (“soil”).METHOD: Mated CBA/J females were manipulated so as to have high spontaneous abortion rates and a high percent abnormal embryos, or low resorption rates and a low percent abnormal embryos. Embryos from low aborting females were transferred into high aborting female recipients that were pseudopregnant, and vice versa.RESULTS: Abnormal embryos from females with high abortion rates implanted in low aborting females and did not show any greater tendency to resorb than normally developed embryos in these recipients. By contrast, normal embryos to some extent and abnormal embryos to a much greater extent, gave a high abortion rate when the recipient female was a high aborter.CONCLUSION: Properties of the “soil” into which embryos implant determines the likelihood of success or failure (abortion). Abnormal pre‐implantation embryos can be “rescued” by “good soil”; “sick soil” damages both normal and abnormal embryos. Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms may be useful in understanding basic mechanisms leading to aborting and nonaborting pregnancy.
Effects of Endometrial Serpin‐Like Proteins on Immune Responses in Sheep
Authors: Skopets Boris , Liu Wen‐Jun , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: May 2013

PROBLEM: The uterine milk proteins (UTMP) are a pair of related glycoproteins that are the major secretory products of the endometrium of the pregnant ewe. UTMP are members of the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors but have no known antiprotease activity. One possible role for UTMP is to inhibit uterine immune responses—UTMP inhibit mitogen and mixed lymphocyte‐induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cell activity and abortion caused by NK cell activation. Present objectives were to further evaluate the lymphocyte‐inhibitory activity of UTMP and test whether UTMP modify immune responses in vivo.METHOD: One experiment demonstrated that UTMP inhibited antigen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation induced by Candida albicans extract. In another experiment, ewes were immunized with OVA mixed with 3.75 mg/ml of UTMP or ovine serum albumin (OSA control). Injections of 1 mg OVA + UTMP or OSA in incomplete adjuvant were administered 6 wk later. Titers of antibody to OVA were lower (P<0.001) for ewes administered UTMP than for ewes administered OSA. Effects of UTMP on delayed hypersensitivity reactions were evaluated in three experiments using skin‐fold thickness assays.RESULTS: UTMP did not inhibit the increase in skin‐fold thickness caused by PHA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis but rather tended to increase the response to PHA.CONCLUSION: Results strengthen the thesis that UTMP are physiologically relevant immunoregulatory molecules. Nonetheless, effects on skin‐fold responses indicate that actions of UTMP can be more complex than would be predicted based on the proteins only having a single biological effect.
Vascular regenerative therapies for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: current approaches
Authors: Condorelli R. A. , Calogero A. E. , Vicari E. , Favilla V. , Morgia G. , Cimino S. , La Vignera S. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) is mainly represented by the administration of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5). However, in the clinical practice many patients do not benefit from such a treatment, hence the scientific interest extends to other therapeutic strategies; in particular, to the vascular regenerative therapy. This review describes the main acquisitions related to this approach represented by the mesenchymal stem cell or adipose tissue stem cell transplantation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase or vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy. Moreover, there are other two aspects of wide interest represented by the potential vascular regenerative effects exerted by the PDE5 inhibitors and the therapeutic strategies for a category of patients who more frequently do not respond to the conventional treatment for ED, the patients with diabetes mellitus.
Receptor mediated amelioration of the detrimental effects of sperm agglutinating factor on sperm parameters
Authors: Kaur S. , Prabha V. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySperm agglutinating factor (SAF) isolated from Staphylococcus aureus immobilizes spermatozoa by agglutination and causes sperm death. This interaction of SAF with spermatozoa is receptor mediated and this receptor has been isolated and purified from human spermatozoa. In this study we attempt to study whether the receptor could ameliorate the detrimental effects of SAF on sperm parameters. Receptor was evaluated against SAF mediated compromised sperm parameters such as Mg2+dependent ATPase activity, acrosome status and apoptosis, in vitro using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry as well as in vivo by studying the impact on fertility in mice. Incubation of SAF (80 μg) with spermatozoa resulted in reduced Mg2+dependent ATPase activity and premature acrosomal loss whereas a higher concentration (100 μg), induced apoptosis. However, in the presence of receptor a dose dependent blockage of SAF induced inhibition of Mg2+dependent ATPase activity was observed. At higher concentrations 100 and 125 μg, receptor could inhibit both the premature acrosomal loss and apoptosis. In vivo studies showed that receptor (50 μg) could alleviate SAF induced infertility in female Balb/c mice following a single intravaginal application before mating. The work highlights the efficacy of the receptor as a corrective measure against negative influence of SAF on functional parameters of spermatozoa as well as fertility and presents receptor as a potential therapeutic intervention against SAF induced infertility
The natural history of periodontal attachment loss during the third and fourth decades of life
Authors: Thomson W. Murray , Shearer Dara M. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Poulton Richie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo describe changes in the occurrence of periodontal attachment loss (AL) through ages 26, 32 and 38 in a complete birth cohort.Materials and MethodsSystematic periodontal examinations conducted at ages 26, 32 and 38 in a longstanding New Zealand cohort study (N = 1037). Periodontitis extent data were used to assign participants to periodontitis trajectories using group‐based trajectory analysis.ResultsEight hundred and thirty‐one individuals were periodontally examined at all three ages; the prevalence and extent of AL increased as the cohort aged. Between 26 and 32, one in nine participants had 1+ sites showing new or progressing AL; that proportion almost doubled between ages 32 and 38. Four periodontitis trajectory groups were identified, comprising 55.2%, 31.5%, 10.7% and 2.5% of the cohort; these were termed the “Very low”, “Low”, “Moderately increasing” and “Markedly increasing” trajectory groups respectively. Those who had smoked tobacco at all ages from 15 through 38 were at higher risk of being in the “Moderately increasing” or “Markedly increasing” trajectory groups. There was a similar risk gradient for those who were in the highest 20% of cannabis usage.ConclusionsPeriodontitis commences relatively early in adulthood, and its progression accelerates with age, particularly among smokers.
Glucagon and insulin have opposite effects on tissue chromium distribution in an obese mouse model
Authors: Lin Chang , Chen Po‐Wen , Chen Wen‐Ying , Sun Chi‐Ching , Mao Frank Chiahung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionPrevious studies have suggested that chromium (Cr) is an essential cofactor for normal carbohydrate metabolism and affects insulin sensitivity, especially in rodent models. Several factors, such as insulin challenge, high carbohydrate intake, and response to stress (e.g., in obesity), alter Cr excretion or distribution. Glucagon is known to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglucagonemia plays a role in the development of hyperglycemia in diabetic subjects.Materials and MethodsIn the present study we investigated possible modulation of Cr levels by glucagon using an obese mouse model. Mice were kept on a high‐fat diet and then used as an obesity model. These obese mice were injected with one dose of glucagon or insulin and Cr levels in their tissues were determined.ResultsIn obese mice, glucagon challenge significantly increased Cr levels in bone but decreased them in the fat and liver. In contrast, insulin challenge significantly decreased Cr levels in bone but increased them in the fat, liver and muscle.ConclusionsThe results show that glucagon and insulin have opposite effects on Cr levels in bone, fat, liver, and muscle.
Evaluation of a national evidence‐based health care course via teleconference in a developing country
Authors: Macedo Cristiane Rufino , Macedo Elizeu Coutinho , Torloni Maria Regina , Atallah Álvaro Nagib 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesContinuing health education is essential but challenged. In 2006, the Brazilian Cochrane Center, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, launched a mass teaching initiative in evidence‐based health care (EBH) for public‐sector professionals via teleconferencing. This 152‐hour, interactive EBH course has enrolled over 4500 professionals. This study aimed to assess the acquisition EBH knowledge and skills, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of students enrolled in the 2009 course via teleconferencing.MethodsThis prospective cohort study analyzed three aspects of this 152‐hour EBH course that recruited 1040 volunteer participants, all public health sector employees working in 131 different hospitals or health agencies. Pre‐ and post‐course tests using a modified version of the Berlin questionnaire with 20 multiple‐choice questions were used to examine knowledge acquisition in a sample of 297 students. Tests were completed upon registration and at course completion. The research projects submitted by 872 participants were evaluated to assess skill acquisition. Answers to an anonymous survey assessed the attitudes and perceptions of 914 participants.ResultsThere was a significant increase in knowledge from baseline to course completion (mean scores 8.2 ± 3.3 versus 13.7 ± 3.0, P < 0.001). Over 90% of the research projects were judged to be of adequate quality (appropriate rationale for the study, well‐formulated research question and feasible execution); over 95% of the participants were satisfied with the course.ConclusionThe Brazilian EBH course via teleconference improved the knowledge and skills of public‐sector health professionals and was approved by the vast majority of students.
Nutrition labelling and the choices logo in Israel: positions and perceptions of leading health policy makers
Authors: Gesser‐Edelsburg A. , Endevelt R. , Tirosh‐Kamienchick Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundBased on the Social Marketing approach and Diffusion of Innovations Theory that indicates the importance of opinion leaders with respect to the spreading of new ideas, concepts or practices within a community, the present study aimed to examine positions and perceptions of Israeli leading dietitians and health officials regarding nutrition labelling and the Choices logo, before it was launched in Israel in February 2011, as well as how they would communicate it to the public as agents of influence.MethodsThe study involved in‐depth face‐to‐face and telephone interviews with 15 senior dietitians and Health Ministry officials using semi‐structured protocols including questions about nutrition labelling and the Choices logo.ResultsThe respondents considered that the nutrition facts panels usually found on the backs of packages are too complicated for the average consumer. Simiularly, fronts of packages are cluttered with advertisements and health claims, causing confusion. The study participants would like to see an integrative label on the front of the package to facilitate consumers' decisions. However, the Choices logo raises ethical and social questions about the conflict between corporate interests and public health: (i) the label's relativity versus objectivity; (ii) the consumer's responsibility to create a balanced diet; (iii) the label's credibility; and (iv) bias against companies, products and audiences.ConclusionsThe results of the present study highlight the importance of a need for an integrated programme of nutrition promotion, including the use of social marketing based on a cooperative effort between the food industry, regulators and professionals, to recommend changes and adjustments in nutritional front of package labelling with the aim of promoting healthier nutrition consumption.
A dietary survey of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hayes P. , Corish C. , O'Mahony E. , Quigley E. M. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundFood is one of the most commonly reported triggers of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. However, the role of diet in the aetiology and management of IBS has not been clearly established. The present study aimed to examine the dietary practices of Irish patients with IBS and to determine whether these practices increased their vulnerability to nutritional inadequacies.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by 135 IBS patients on their perceptions of the role of diet in their symptoms and whether they restrict their diet according to the symptoms experienced. A similar questionnaire was used to investigate the perceptions of 111 healthy subjects to the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced on the consumption of food.ResultsFood was considered to cause or worsen their gastrointestinal symptoms in 89.6% of IBS patients compared to 55% of healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Cereal‐based foods, predominantly bread or its components, were the most frequently cited (53.3%), and spicy foods (39.3%), vegetables and fatty foods (35.6% for both) also featured prominently. A significantly greater number of patients with IBS reported changing their diet to minimise symptoms compared to healthy controls (91.9% versus 45.5%, P < 0.001). In relation to whole food groups, milk products (9.6%), fruit (7.4%) and vegetables (5.2%) were those most commonly restricted, with only a small number of IBS patients seeking professional healthcare advice.ConclusionsThe majority of IBS patients consider their symptoms to be related to food, and change their diet by limiting the foods that they perceive as problematic, with some restricting whole food groups. Few patients sought professional healthcare advice when implementing dietary change, possibly exposing a considerable number to an increased risk of nutritional deficiency.
The postschool outcomes of students with mild intellectual disability: does it get better with time?
Authors: Bouck E. C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough students with mild intellectual disability (MID) present unique educational needs and considerations, in research and in practice, they are sometimes aggregated with students with learning disabilities and emotional disorders and considered mild disabilities or aggregated with students with moderate/severe intellectual disability and labelled as intellectual disability.MethodThis study is a secondary analysis of the NLTS2 data to understand the immediate (i.e. within 2 years) and longer‐term outcomes (i.e. within 4 years, within 6 years and within 8 years) of secondary students with MID. Frequency distributions and a significant test were conducted to analyse data from the NLTS2.ResultsStudents with MID struggled with postschool success when considering employment, postsecondary education, and independent living. Across the span of time since graduation (i.e. within 2 years, within 4 years, within 6 years, and within 8 years), a lack of consistent pattern existed, in general, for these students with regards to outcomes. Students did not necessarily improve or decline in their outcomes the longer they were out of school.ConclusionsThe postschool outcome data warrant critical examination of the factors contributing to the poor outcomes. The field needs to systematically understand what schools can control with regards to improved outcomes for students with MID – particularly employment regardless of the length of time out of school and independent living as the time since school exit increases – and then implement such practices.
Using the Interpersonal Skills tool to assess interpersonal skills of internationally educated nurses
Authors: Shen Jay J. , Xu Yu , Staples Shelley , Bolstad Anne L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo assess interpersonal skills of internationally educated nurses (IEN) while interacting with standardized patients.MethodsParticipants included 52 IEN at two community hospitals in the southwestern region of the USA. Standardized patients were used to create patient–nurse encounter. Seventeen items in four domains (“skills in interviewing and collecting information”; “skills in counseling and delivering information”; “rapport”; and “personal manner”) in an Interpersonal Skills (IPS) instrument were measured by a Likert scale 1–4 with 4 indicating the best performance. The average composite score per domain and scores of the 17 items were compared across the domains.ResultsOn 10 of the 17 items, the nurses received scores under 3. Counseling with an average score of 2.10 and closure with an average score of 2.44 in domain 2, small talk with an average score of 2.06 in domain 3, and physical exam with average score of 2.21 in domain 4 were below 2.5. The average composite score of domain 1 was 3.54, significantly higher than those of domains 2–4 (2.77, 2.81, and 2.71, respectively). Age was moderately related to the average score per domain with every 10 year increase in age resulting in a 0.1 increase in the average score. Sex and country of origin showed mixed results.ConclusionThe interpersonal skills of IEN in three of the four domains need improvement. Well‐designed educational programs may facilitate the improvement, especially in areas of small talk, counseling, closure, and physical exam. Future research should examine relationships between the IPS and demographics factors.
‘Be our guest’: challenges and benefits of using ‘family conversations’ to collect qualitative data about infant feeding and parenting
Authors: Reid Judy , Schmied Virginia , Sheehan Athena , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: May 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe the use of family conversations as a data collection strategy in a study that aimed to explore how ‘social context’ impacts on the infant feeding and early parenting choices of first‐time mothers. Specifically, the authors aim to describe the challenges and benefits of facilitating ‘family conversations’ and the importance of considering the needs of the researcher and the research participants in the data collection process.BackgroundBreastfeeding is endorsed by the World Health Organisation as a key health promotion strategy, and yet many women in Australia cease breastfeeding (either fully or partially) before the recommended time frame of six months. Engaging with and interviewing families is a well‐established research strategy, but interviewing the family as a whole has rarely been used as a part of breastfeeding research.DesignA component of a study, conducted in Sydney, Australia, was to use ‘family conversations’ to ascertain the views and beliefs that are held by those in the first‐time mother's social network and how these impact on her experience of mothering and associated decision‐making.ConclusionsBeing able to balance the needs of the researcher and the research participants is an important challenge that is a core component of conducting ethical research.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper highlights the viability of ‘family conversations’ as a data collection method for midwifery and nursing research and the need for midwives and child and family health nurses to more actively engage with a woman's support network with education and other strategies to assist in creating an environment for new mothers that is conducive to the continuation of breastfeeding and thriving as a mother.