bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel modeling analysis of dyadic network data with an application to Ye'kwana food sharing
Authors: Koster Jeremy , Leckie George , Miller Andrew , Hames Raymond 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBehavioral ecologists have recently begun using multilevel modeling for the analysis of social behavior. We present a multilevel modeling formulation of the Social Relations Model that is well suited for the analysis of dyadic network data. This model, which we adapt for count data and small datasets, can be fitted using standard multilevel modeling software packages. We illustrate this model with an analysis of meal sharing among Ye'kwana horticulturalists in Venezuela. In this setting, meal sharing among households is predicted by an association index, which reflects the amount of time that members of the households are interacting. This result replicates recent findings that interhousehold food sharing is especially prevalent among households that interact and cooperate in multiple ways. We discuss opportunities for human behavioral ecologists to expand their focus to the multiple currencies and cooperative behaviors that characterize interpersonal relationships in preindustrial societies. We discuss possible extensions to this statistical modeling approach and applications to research by human behavioral ecologists and primatologists. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:507–512, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of early neglect on defensive and appetitive physiology during the pubertal transition: A study of startle and postauricular reflexes
Authors: Quevedo Karina , Johnson Anna E. , Loman Michelle M. , Lafavor Theresa , Moua Bao , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis study tested the effect of early neglect on defensive and appetitive physiology during puberty. Emotion‐modulated reflexes, eye‐blink startle (defensive) and postauricular (appetitive), were measured in 12‐to‐13‐year‐old internationally adopted youth (from foster care or from institutional settings) and compared to non‐adopted US born controls. Startle Reflex: adopted youth displayed lower overall startle amplitude across all valences and startle potentiation to negative images was negatively related to severity of pre‐adoption neglect. Postauricular reflex (PAR): adopted youth showed larger PAR magnitude across all valences. Puberty: adopted youth showed diminished PAR potentiation to positive images and startle potentiation during mid/late puberty versus the opposite pattern in not‐adopted. Early neglect was associated with blunted fast defensive reflexes and heightened fast appetitive reflexes. After puberty, early neglected youth showed physiological hyporeactivity to threatening and appetitive stimuli versus heightened reactivity in not adopted youth. Behavioral correlates in this sample and possible neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychophysiological differences are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 289–304, 2015.
Lixisenatide reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia via gastrostatic and insulinotropic effects
Authors: Becker Reinhard H. A. , Stechl Jens , Steinstraesser Axel , Golor Georg , Pellissier Franck 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundLixisenatide is a once‐daily, prandial, short‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist. Its main antidiabetic effect is to delay gastric emptying to control postprandial plasma glucose excursions. The dose–response relationship of the integrated insulinotropic and gastrostatic response to lixisenatide in healthy volunteers after a standardized liquid meal was investigated.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects received acetaminophen 1000 mg with a standardized liquid meal 60 min after a single subcutaneous injection of placebo or lixisenatide 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 µg in randomized order separated by a 2‐ to 7‐day washout. Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics served as a surrogate to assess rate of gastric emptying. Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon were assessed for 5 h after the meal test, and lixisenatide pharmacokinetics were determined for 6 h.ResultsAfter lixisenatide administration and prior to the standardized meal, insulin and C‐peptide transiently increased, while fasting plasma glucose decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. After the meal, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C‐peptide were dose proportionally reduced with lixisenatide versus placebo for up to 6 h. Compared with placebo, glucagon levels were transiently lower after any lixisenatide dose, with more sustained reductions after the meal and no apparent dose‐related trends. Acetaminophen absorption was significantly reduced and delayed compared with placebo for lixisenatide doses ≥5 µg and demonstrated dose‐dependent slowing of gastric emptying. Lixisenatide displayed near dose‐proportional exposure, with gastrointestinal events increasing with dose.ConclusionsLixisenatide reduced fasting plasma glucose via stimulation of glucose‐dependent insulin release and controlled postprandial plasma glucose by delaying gastric emptying, demonstrating it to be a valuable option for overall glycaemic control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates l‐Arginine‐Induced Pancreatitis and Associated Fibrosis in Wistar Rat: Role of Inflammation and Nitrosative Stress
Authors: Kanika Gayathri , Khan Sabbir , Jena Gopabandhu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral reports indicated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short‐chain fatty acid having HDAC inhibition potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of SB against l‐arginine (l‐Arg)‐induced pancreatic fibrosis in Wistar rats. Pancreatic fibrosis was induced by twice intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 20% l‐Arg (250 mg/100 g) at 2‐h interval on day 1, 4, 7, and 10, whereas SB (800 mg/kg/day) was administrated for 10 days. At the end of the study, biochemical estimations, histological alterations, DNA damage, and the expression of various proteins were evaluated. Posttreatment of SB decreased l‐Arg‐induced oxidative and nitrosative stress, DNA damage, histological alterations, and fibrosis. Interestingly, posttreatment of SB significantly decreased the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, interleukin‐1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3‐nitrotyrosine. The present study demonstrated that posttreatment of SB alleviates l‐Arg‐induced pancreatic damage and fibrosis in rat.
Determinants of surgical resection for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Doi Ryuichiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) include functioning and non‐functional tumors. Functioning tumors consist of tumors that produce a variety of hormones and their clinical effects. Therefore, determinants of resection of pNETs should be discussed for each group of tumors. Less than 10% of insulinomas are malignant, therefore more than 90% of the cases can be cured by surgical resection. Lymphadenectomy is generally not necessary in insulinoma operation. If preoperative localization of the insulinoma is completed, enucleation from the pancreatic body or tail, and distal pancreatectomy can be performed safely by laparoscopy. When preoperative localization of a sporadic insulinoma is not confirmed, surgical exploration is needed. Intraoperative localization of a tumor, intraoperative insulin sampling and frozen section are required. The crucial purpose of surgical resection is to control inappropriate insulin secretion by removing all insulinomas. Gastrinomas are usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, which secrete gastrin and cause Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (ZES). Duodenal gastrinomas are usually small, therefore they are not seen on preoperative imaging studies or endoscopic ultrasound, and can be found only at surgery if a duodenotomy is performed. In addition, lymph node metastasis is found in 40–60% of cases. Therefore, the experienced surgeons should direct operation for gastrinomas. Surgical exploration with duodenotomy should be performed at a laparotomy. Other functioning pNETs can occur in the pancreas or in other locations. Curative resection is always recommended whenever possible after optimal symptomatic control of the clinical syndrome by medical treatment. Indications for surgery depend on clinical symptom control, tumor size, location, extent, malignancy and presence of metastasis. A lot of non‐functioning pNETs are found incidentally according to the quality improvement of imaging techniques. Localized, small, malignant non‐functioning pNETs should be operated on aggressively, while in possibly benign tumors smaller than 2 cm the surgical risk‐benefit ratio should be carefully weighted. Surgical liver resection is generally proposed in curative intent to all patients with operable metastases from G1 or G2 pNET. The benefits of surgical resection of liver metastases have been demonstrated in terms of overall survival and quality of life. Complete resection is associated with better long‐term survival.
Uncertainties in estimating spatial and interannual variations in precipitation climatology in the India–Tibet region from multiple gridded precipitation datasets
Authors: Kim J. , Sanjay J. , Mattmann C. , Boustani M. , Ramarao M. V. S. , Krishnan R. , Waliser D. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTUncertainty in calculating the spatial‐ and interannual variability of precipitation over India and Tibet from widely used gridded precipitation datasets is examined for the 29‐year period from 1979 to 2007. Uncertainty is defined in terms of the spread among the variability calculated from multiple datasets, a useful method when multiple datasets of similar or unknown accuracy are available for analyses. The resulting uncertainty varies for regions and seasons. Geographical variations are clearly seen in the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), with the largest uncertainty in the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), western India‐eastern Pakistan, Tibet, Hindu‐Kush mountains, and Western Ghats which are characterized by either dry climate or complex terrain, or both. Seasonally, the uncertainty is larger for the December–February period (DJF) than for the June–September period (JJAS) in most of the region except J&K which is characterized by two wet seasons: winter and summer. The uncertainty in the interannual variability also varies according to regions especially in J&K where the calculated interannual variability varies by nearly a factor of two among the datasets. The uncertainty range in the calculated interannual variability is determined largely by two gauge‐based data of the finest resolution, Asian Precipitation – Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of water resources (smallest) and India Meteorological Department (largest) in all regions.The regional and seasonal variations in the uncertainty do not appear to depend on either the spatial resolution or the length of records. This implies that analysis methodology such as the quality control of input data, spatial/temporal interpolation, and retrieval algorithms used in producing these gridded datasets plays a crucial role in determining the characteristics of precipitation climatology represented by individual datasets. Our results show that calculating precipitation characteristics must be accompanied by careful examinations of uncertainty among available datasets, especially for dry seasons and arid/mountainous regions.
Modified wideband three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement MRI for patients with implantable cardiac devices
Authors: Rashid Shams , Rapacchi Stanislas , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Plotnik Adam , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo study the effects of cardiac devices on three‐dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI and to develop a 3D LGE protocol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients with reduced image artifacts.Theory and MethodsThe 3D LGE sequence was modified by implementing a wideband inversion pulse, which reduces hyperintensity artifacts, and by increasing bandwidth of the excitation pulse. The modified wideband 3D LGE sequence was tested in phantoms and evaluated in six volunteers and five patients with ICDs.ResultsPhantom and in vivo studies results demonstrated extended signal void and ripple artifacts in 3D LGE that were associated with ICDs. The reason for these artifacts was slab profile distortion and the subsequent aliasing in the slice‐encoding direction. The modified wideband 3D LGE provided significantly reduced ripple artifacts than 3D LGE with wideband inversion only. Comparison of 3D and 2D LGE images demonstrated improved spatial resolution of the heart using 3D LGE.ConclusionIncreased bandwidth of the inversion and excitation pulses can significantly reduce image artifacts associated with ICDs. Our modified wideband 3D LGE protocol can be readily used for imaging patients with ICDs given appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Magn Reson Med 75:572–584, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dixon water‐fat separation in PROPELLER MRI acquired with two interleaved echoes
Authors: Schär Michael , Eggers Holger , Zwart Nicholas R. , Chang Yuchou , Bakhru Akshay , Pipe James G. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo propose a novel combination of robust Dixon fat suppression and motion insensitive PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) MRI.MethodsTwo different echoes were acquired interleaved in each shot enabling water‐fat separation on individual blades. Fat, which was blurred in standard PROPELLER because the water‐fat shift (WFS) rotated with the blades, was shifted back in each blade. Additionally, field maps obtained from the water‐fat separation were used to unwarp off‐resonance–induced shifts in each blade. PROPELLER was then applied to the water, corrected fat, or recombined water‐fat blades. This approach was compared quantitatively in volunteers with regard to motion estimation and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) to a standard PROPELLER acquisition with minimal WFS and fat suppression.ResultsShifting the fat back in each blade reduced errors in the translation correction. SNR in the proposed Dixon PROPELLER was 21% higher compared with standard PROPELLER with identical scan time. High image quality was achieved even when the volunteers were moving during data acquisition. Furthermore, sharp water‐fat borders and image details were seen in areas where standard PROPELLER suffered from blurring when acquired with a low readout bandwidth.ConclusionThe proposed method enables motion‐insensitive PROPELLER MRI with robust fat suppression and reduced blurring. Additionally, fat images are available if desired. Magn Reson Med 75:718–728, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Joint blood and cerebrospinal fluid suppression for intracranial vessel wall MRI
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Helle Michael , Zhou Zechen , Börnert Peter , Hatsukami Thomas S , Yuan Chun 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a joint blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression technique for improved intracranial vessel wall MR imaging.MethodsThe Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation (DANTE) prepulse was specifically optimized for CSF suppression to improve vessel wall and CSF contrast. It was evaluated on six patients and three healthy volunteers. CSF suppression efficiency, lumen signal to noise ratio, and wall‐lumen contrast to noise ratio were compared between images with and without DANTE in major intercranial artery segments. Contrast changes in tissues were also compared with evaluate the technique's compatibility with multicontrast imaging techniques.ResultsThe optimized DANTE images significantly improved intracranial vessel wall characterization on all images. Quantitatively, CSF to wall contrast improved by 28% (DANTE‐VISTA 1.354 ± 0.216 versus VISTA 1.057 ± 0.13; P < 0.001). DANTE also significantly improved wall‐lumen (10.55 ± 3.79 versus 9.34 ± 3.54; P < 0.001) and wall‐CSF (4.62 ± 3.19 versus 0.78 ± 2.30; P < 0.001) contrast‐to‐noise ratios. DANTE prepared images were also found to make only minimal impact on static tissue contrast.ConclusionDANTE prepared MR imaging can significantly improve contrast between the vessel wall and cerebral spinal fluid in major intracranial arteries, holding a good potential to be combined with multicontrast protocol for intracranial wall imaging. Magn Reson Med 75:831–838, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Update report from the standardization committee of the International Children's Continence Society
Authors: Austin Paul F. , Bauer Stuart B. , Bower Wendy , Chase Janet , Franco Israel , Hoebeke Piet , Rittig Søren , Walle Johan Vande , von Gontard Alexander , Wright Anne , Yang Stephen S. , Nevéus Tryggve 
Published: March 2015

AimThe impact of the original International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) terminology document on lower urinary tract (LUT) function resulted in the global establishment of uniformity and clarity in the characterization of LUT function and dysfunction in children across multiple healthcare disciplines. The present document serves as a stand‐alone terminology update reflecting refinement and current advancement of knowledge on pediatric LUT function.MethodsA variety of worldwide experts from multiple disciplines within the ICCS leadership who care for children with LUT dysfunction were assembled as part of the standardization committee. A critical review of the previous ICCS terminology document and the current literature was performed. Additionally, contributions and feedback from the multidisciplinary ICCS membership were solicited.ResultsFollowing a review of the literature over the last 7 years, the ICCS experts assembled a new terminology document reflecting current understanding of bladder function and LUT dysfunction in children using the resources from the literature review, expert opinion and ICCS member feedback.ConclusionsThe present ICCS terminology document provides a current and consensus update to the evolving terminology and understanding of LUT function in children. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:471–481, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Caregiving Competence Scale Among Chinese Family Caregivers
Authors: Cheng Ho Yu , Chair Sek Ying , Chau Janita Pak-Chun 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to develop a Chinese version of the Caregiving Competence Scale (CCS) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Design:
A multicenter, cross-sectional study design.

Methods:
Brislin’s translation method was used to translate the CCS into Chinese. Its psychometric properties were tested with 118 Chinese family caregivers of stroke survivors.

Findings:
The Chinese version of the Caregiving Competence Scale (CCS-C) demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .81) and stability (weighted kappa statistics: .67–.78). Convergent and discriminative validities were supported by a significant correlation between the CCS-C and the General Self-Efficacy Scale scores (r = .46, p < .01) and a significant difference in the CCS-C scores between depressed and nondepressed caregivers (p = .03), respectively.

Conclusions:
Study results suggested that the CCS-C could be a valid and reliable self-reported instrument for family caregivers of Chinese stroke survivors.

Clinical Relevance:
This scale can be used to evaluate the caregiving competence of stroke caregivers in nursing research and in clinical settings.
Pluronic F-127 hydrogel as a promising scaffold for encapsulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Diniz Ivana M. A. , Chen Chider , Xu Xingtian , Ansari Sahar , Zadeh Homayoun H. , Marques Márcia M. , Shi Songtao , Moshaverinia Alireza 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide an advantageous therapeutic option for tissue engineering due to their high accessibility and bioavailability. However, delivering MSCs to defect sites while maintaining a high MSC survival rate is still a critical challenge in MSC-mediated tissue regeneration. Here, we tested the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a thermoreversible Pluronic F127 hydrogel scaffold encapsulation system in vitro. DPSCs were encapsulated in Pluronic®F-127 hydrogel and stem cell viability, proliferation and differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic tissues were evaluated. The degradation profile and swelling kinetics of the hydrogel were also analyzed. Our results confirmed that Pluronic F-127 is a promising and non-toxic scaffold for encapsulation of DPSCs as well as control human bone marrow MSCs (hBMMSCs), yielding high stem cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, after 2 weeks of differentiation in vitro, DPSCs as well as hBMMSCs exhibited high levels of mRNA expression for osteogenic and adipogenic gene markers via PCR analysis. Our histochemical staining further confirmed the ability of Pluronic F-127 to direct the differentiation of these stem cells into osteogenic and adipogenic tissues. Furthermore, our results revealed that Pluronic F-127 has a dense tubular and reticular network morphology, which contributes to its high permeability and solubility, consistent with its high degradability in the tested conditions. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Pluronic F-127 is a promising scaffold for encapsulation of DPSCs and can be considered for cell delivery purposes in tissue engineering.
Crude Palm Oil from Interspecific Hybrid Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis: Alcoholic Constituents of Unsaponifiable Matter
Authors: Mozzon Massimo , Pacetti Deborah , Frega Natale Giuseppe , Lucci Paolo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInterspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis (O×G) palm is currently receiving increasing attention because of its interesting glycerides structure and composition. In this study, the alcoholic constituents of unsaponifiable matter of crude hybrid O×G palm oil were characterized for the first time and compared to data obtained analyzing crude African palm oil (E. guineensis).Total unsaponifiable matter content was 1.18 ± 0.11 g/100 g in O×G hybrid oil and 1.05 ± 0.06 g/100 g in African palm oil. O×G oil was characterized by lower contents of squalene and alcoholic constituents where the main differences concerned 4‐desmethylsterols and isoprenoid alcohols: O×G oil was characterized by higher (23.6 ± 6.1 %) contents of isoprenoid alcohols and by a different phytol/geranylgeraniol ratio. The tocol fraction constituted the class of unsaponifiable components on which the genetic exerts the greatest influence: tocol content showed no significant differences between the two oils, however, hybrid palm oil was characterized by higher percentages of γ‐tocotrienol (59.7 ± 1.1) and δ‐tocotrienol (11.7 ± 0.8) and lower percentages of tocopherols (10.6 ± 0.3), almost entirely constituted of the α isomer. These results suggest that O×G oil can also be considered an interesting alimentary source of nutraceutical components, especially for bioactive tocotrienols.