bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of the accuracy for RASSF1A methylation in bronchial aspirates for the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Chen Xu-ping , He Shi-xu , Chen Meng-you , Chen Fu-bin , Wu Peng , Shi Ping , Zhao Shi-cai , Zhao Ling-yan , Xiong Xiao-min , Zeng Jia 
Published: July 2024

Objective
To establish the diagnostic accuracy of RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform) methylation using bronchial aspirates as an auxiliary method for diagnosing lung cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Studies published prior to October 30, 2022, were retrieved from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases using the keywords “lung cancer”, “RASSF1A”, “methylation”, and “bronchial aspirates”. A fixed or random effect model was used to calculate the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), along with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the area under the curve (AUC) with Q index. The threshold effect was defined by using the Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Deeks funnel plot was generated to evaluate publication bias.

Results
Among the 12 trials that met the inclusion criteria, a total of 2388 participants were involved. The pooled results for the diagnosis of lung cancer were as follows, when compared to the pathological diagnosis: sensitivity of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45–0.50), specificity of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95–0.97), positive LR of 12.18 (95% CI: 8.96–16.55), negative LR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.52–0.61), DOR of 24.05 (95% CI: 17.29–33.47), and AUC of 0.78 (Q index = 0.72), respectively. The sensitivity of the RASSF1A methylation assay was relatively low in a detailed subgroup analysis, fluctuating between 0.39 and 0.90, indicating a limitation in its diagnostic value for lung cancer. The RASSF1A methylation assay, on the other hand, demonstrated excellent specificity, suggesting a high exclusion value. Of note, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC for small cell lung cancer were 0.90 (0.84–0.94), 0.95 (0.94–0.97), 249.5 (103.94–598.8), and 0.98, respectively, showing that RASSF1A methylation was a promising biomarker for diagnosing small cell lung cancer with both high diagnostic and exclusion value. Furthermore, RASSF1A methylation using bronchial washings and bronchial aspirates showed a high AUC of 0.998 and 0.93, respectively, indicating excellent diagnostic performance.

Conclusions
The methylation of RASSF1A in bronchial aspirates demonstrated a high level of diagnostic accuracy and has the potential to be a valuable supplementary diagnostic method, especially for identifying small cell lung cancer.
CNNs trained with adult data are useful in pediatrics. A pneumonia classification example
Authors: Rollan-Martinez-Herrera Maria , Díaz Alejandro A. , Estépar Rubén San José , Sanchez-Ferrero Gonzalo Vegas , Ross James C. , Estépar Raúl San José , Nardelli Pietro 
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives
The scarcity of data for training deep learning models in pediatrics has prompted questions about the feasibility of employing CNNs trained with adult images for pediatric populations. In this work, a pneumonia classification CNN was used as an exploratory example to showcase the adaptability and efficacy of such models in pediatric healthcare settings despite the inherent data constraints.

Methods
To develop a curated training dataset with reduced biases, 46,947 chest X-ray images from various adult datasets were meticulously selected. Two preprocessing approaches were tried to assess the impact of thoracic segmentation on model attention outside the thoracic area. Evaluation of our approach was carried out on a dataset containing 5,856 chest X-rays of children from 1 to 5 years old.

Results
An analysis of attention maps indicated that networks trained with thorax segmentation placed less attention on regions outside the thorax, thus eliminating potential bias. The ensuing network exhibited impressive performance when evaluated on an adult dataset, achieving a pneumonia discrimination AUC of 0.95. When tested on a pediatric dataset, the pneumonia discrimination AUC reached 0.82.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that adult-trained CNNs can be effectively applied to pediatric populations. This could potentially shift focus towards validating adult models over pediatric population instead of training new CNNs with limited pediatric data. To ensure the generalizability of deep learning models, it is important to implement techniques aimed at minimizing biases, such as image segmentation or low-quality image exclusion.
Optimizing Cost-Effective Care for Chronic Constipation in General Gastroenterology Using an Office-Based, Point-Of-Care Test (RED): Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Minimization Analysis
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Chey William D. 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness/cost-savings of point-of-care anorectal function testing with an investigational device (RED) to triage therapy for chronic constipation in general gastroenterology.

METHODS:
A Markov model was constructed to evaluate cost-effectiveness/cost-savings over a 1-year time horizon comparing empiric drug/pelvic floor physical therapy to testing guided care.

RESULTS:
RED appears to inform the cost-effective strategy for chronic constipation. Compared with usual care without RED, it reduces insurer costs by $810 and patient costs by $6,903.

DISCUSSION:
Point-of-care testing using RED appears cost-effective/cost-saving to triage chronic constipation care in general gastroenterology.
Minorias ativas na indisciplina escolar: representações sociais do 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Charles , Santos Edvanderson Ramalho dos 
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa as representações sociais de alunos do 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental em relação aos alunos indisciplinados com indícios de minorias ativas. O aporte teórico utilizado foi a abordagem das representações sociais e minorias ativas. A metodologia é quanti-qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário (N=567) em 6 colégios públicos estaduais da Educação Básica de Ponta Grossa-PR. A análise das informações obtidas sugeriu que os alunos indisciplinados com indícios de minorias ativas: a) exercem influência nos alunos disciplinados; b) são rejeitados; c) são populares e legais; d) apresentam estilos comportamentais baseados na consistência e equidade. Conclui-se que há duas representações sociais antagônicas, uma conformista, pautada na rejeição dos atos indisciplinados, moldada aos preceitos dominantes e, outra dissidente, que considera os atos indisciplinados com forte inovação, identidade e reconhecimento social.
Analisis Perbandingan Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana di Indonesia, Jepang, Inggris, dan Pakistan
Authors: Nursyaumi Rahma Puspa , Yuniarsih Rina Isti , Nugraha Trisna Rajab , Sari Yuliana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This research examines how premeditated murder is punished in different countries. Legal systems (Continental European, Civil Law, Islamic) influence the severity of sentences, ranging from life imprisonment to death. The study compares punishments in Indonesia, Japan, England, and Pakistan. Indonesia allows the death penalty or life imprisonment, while Japan adds a minimum of five years to life sentences. England solely uses life imprisonment. Pakistan, under Islamic Law, offers the death penalty, Qisash (retribution), or Diyat (compensation) if the victim's family forgives. Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana hukuman dijatuhkan pada pembunuhan berencana di berbagai negara. Sistem hukum (Eropa Kontinental, Hukum Sipil, Islam) mempengaruhi beratnya hukuman, yang bisa berupa penjara seumur hidup hingga hukuman mati. Penelitian ini membandingkan hukuman di Indonesia, Jepang, Inggris, dan Pakistan. Indonesia menerapkan hukuman mati atau penjara seumur hidup, sementara Jepang menambahkan minimal lima tahun untuk hukuman penjara seumur hidup. Inggris hanya menggunakan hukuman penjara seumur hidup. Pakistan, di bawah Hukum Islam, menawarkan hukuman mati, Qisas (pembalasan), atau Diyat (kompensasi) jika keluarga korban memaafkan.
Dependence properties of bivariate copula families
Authors: Ansari Jonathan , Rockel Marcus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Motivated by recently investigated results on dependence measures and robust risk models, this article provides an overview of dependence properties of many well known bivariate copula families, where the focus is on the Schur order for conditional distributions, which has the fundamental property that minimal elements characterize independence and maximal elements characterize perfect directed dependence. We give conditions on copulas that imply the Schur ordering of the associated conditional distribution functions. For extreme-value copulas, we prove the equivalence of the lower orthant order, the Schur order for conditional distributions, and the pointwise order of the associated Pickands dependence functions. Furthermore, we provide several tables and figures that list and illustrate various positive dependence and monotonicity properties of copula families, in particular, from classes of Archimedean, extreme-value, and elliptical copulas. Finally, for Chatterjee’s rank correlation, which is consistent with the Schur order for conditional distributions, we give some new closed-form formulas in terms of the parameter of the underlying copula family.
Enhancing the wireless power transfer system performance and output voltage of electric scooters
Authors: Baragi Anjali Shivappa , Machul Bhagyashri Gurumurthy , Krishnamurthy Manohar Dhadesugur , Patil Ramesha Adiveppagoud , Vadde Anusha , Rao Sulake Nagaraja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology that enables the transmission of electrical energy without the need for physical wires. WPT has the potential to revolutionize the charging infrastructure of electric scooters, providing a convenient and efficient method for charging the battery without using wires. This study provides an overview of the application of WPT in electric scooters, exploring the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of this technology. The study then delves into the underlying principles of WPT, including magnetic resonance and inductive coupling, which allow for efficient power transfer between the charging infrastructure and the scooter's onboard receiver. In conclusion, WPT holds great promise for electric scooters by enabling convenient and efficient charging methods. With ongoing advancements in technology and growing interest in sustainable transportation, WPT has the potential to transform the charging infrastructure of electric scooters, contributing to a cleaner and more convenient urban mobility ecosystem.
Multi-objective statistical optimisation utilising response surface methodology to predict engine performance using biofuels from waste plastic oil in CRDi engines
Authors: Kanchan Sumit , Priyadarshini Manisha , Kumar Prem , Choudhary Rajesh , Pradhan Swastik , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Shubham , Awwad Fuad A. , Khan M. Ijaz , Ismail Emad A. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current research focuses on the optimisation of common rail direct injection (CRDi) diesel engines for their optimum performance and emission characteristics using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The RSM approach is used in this study to reduce the number of experimental tests and costs. In the RSM technique, the three input operational parameters such as injection pressures (30, 35, and 40 MPa), engine loads through indicated mean effective pressure (2.1, 4.15, and 6.2 bar), and varying waste plastic oil (WPO)–diesel fuel blends (5%, 10%, and 15%) are considered to improve the engine output responses like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. The polynomial regression model is developed within the defined input parameter range. The validations and prediction accuracy of the regression model are studied using diagnostic and influence plots such as Box–Cox, Cook’s distance, leverage plot, and difference in fits (DFFITS) analysis, to name a few. After the validations of the model, the prediction values of BTE and NOx are compared with the experimental test results. The effects of input parameters on the BTE and NOx emissions are studied by contour and 3D surface plots. The collective effect of NOx and BTE is analysed through an overlay plot at different one-side intervals. The minor change in the outputs of BTE and NOx emissions is studied by sensitivity analysis. The confirmation of the proposed regression model is done through the multi-variate desirability function approach. The results found that the regression model predicts accurately when compared to the experimental test results. The optimal input parameter after the RSM and desirability approach for maximum BTE and lower NOx is found to be 5% of WPO + diesel fuel blend, 30 MPa injection pressure, and 2.1 bar of engine load. Using these parameter sets, the highest value of BTE and the lowest value of NOx emissions are found to be 32.5605% and 14.8757 ppm, respectively.
Study of inclusions-removal and slag-metal dispersion phenomenon in gas-stirred ladle
Authors: Liu Yong , Cheng Shusen , Liu Tong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The slag-metal interface serves as a crucial locus for both chemical reactions and the adsorption of inclusions during secondary refining. This study first comprehensively reviews the methods of inclusions removal and then establishes a cold-state experiment using a water-oil system to reappear the phenomenon of slag-metal dispersion and inclusion adsorption. The distribution of slag droplets under varying slag volumes is analyzed in terms of the effect of bottom blow rates. Simultaneously, the volumetric fraction of oxygen on the slag-eye surface is analyzed. The result proved that the increase in oil layer thickness or the gas flow rate increase the volume of entrained oil. The dimensionless depth of entrained droplets was positively associated with gas flow rate or oil thickness. The dimensionless depth of “large droplets” and “small droplets” was in the range of 0–25 % and 0–60 %, respectively. Moreover, analysis of the gas composition above the slag-eye in a water-oil system is used to determine the degree of secondary oxidation. The oxygen volume fraction over the surface of the slag-eye decreases with the increase of gas flow rate. The oxygen volume fraction over the surface of the slag-eye is 1.51 % when the gas flow rate is 9 L/min.
Neuropsychiatric considerations in treating anorexia nervosa patients with osteopathic manipulative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Talebi-Talghian Tara , Schulz Paulyna , Huzij Teodor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) has a growing recognition in serving as an effective treatment to promote adaptation and homeostasis of the body by addressing musculoskeletal, neural, vascular, and lymphatic structures to promote self-healing and regulation. OMM can treat the musculoskeletal tension and sympathetic hyperactivity resulting from the increased cortisol response and hypersensitivity found in varying psychiatric illnesses, including anorexia nervosa (AN). This paper addresses the considerations necessary for treating AN patients with OMM, emphasizing the need to evaluate their abnormal high-level neuronal processing of sensory information, including differences in touch perception compared to the general population. Current literature was gathered utilizing a combination of the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, perception of touch, and osteopathic manipulative medicine/treatment. No literature was found addressing the effects of OMM on treating AN patients. Eight studies addressed the change in perception of touch found in AN patients. Results of the literature review reveal that the perceptions of touch in AN patients are distorted and can lead to reduced perceived pleasantness encountered in social interactions and touch. Specific changes have been found in C-tactile (CT) afferents responsible for the positive effects of touch, thus influencing emotional regulation. The significance of addressing this topic is to provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of AN and to inform physicians of unconventional stimuli that may exacerbate AN symptoms and behaviors. Further study is required to elucidate the role and mechanism of OMM in patients with AN and whether manual therapy could worsen pathological behavior and thinking patterns seen in AN patients. Such studies could include, but are not limited to, examining biological factors such as cortisol levels in AN patients receiving OMM and collecting data about AN patients’ thinking patterns and behavior during OMM treatment.
Culturally responsive professional peace officer framework: a community college’s response to educating the next generation of police officer candidates
Authors: Palmer Leslie K. , Austad Janica R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
From Sir Robert Peel’s 1829 argument for a professionally trained police force to President Barack Obama’s 2015 Task Force on 21st Century Policing, the discussion on quality and content of peace officer pre-professional education is ongoing. With an increase in police officer incidents impacting the BIPOC communities across the Twin Cities, the degree to which law enforcement education programs address topics of cultural relations and anti-racism has come into question by community and government agencies. In response to the public’s call for action for law enforcement education reform, Inver Hills Community College developed a pre-professional peace officer education framework which altered their programs to mirror this paradigm shift. The current programs: the Culturally Responsive Professional Peace Officer Associate of Science degree and certificate, integrate a culturally responsive and social justice curricula, experiential teaching and learning, and program mission, vision, and core values aimed to equip the next generation of police officer candidates.
Nonreciprocal scattering and unidirectional cloaking in nonlinear nanoantennas
Authors: Goh Heedong , Krasnok Alex , Alù Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reciprocal scatterers necessarily extinguish the same amount of incoming power when excited from opposite directions. This property implies that it is not possible to realize scatterers that are transparent when excited from one direction but that scatter and absorb light for the opposite excitation, limiting opportunities in the context of asymmetric imaging and nanophotonic circuits. This reciprocity constraint may be overcome with an external bias that breaks time-reversal symmetry, posing however challenges in terms of practical implementations and integration. Here, we explore the use of tailored nonlinearities combined with geometric asymmetries in suitably tailored resonant nanoantennas. We demonstrate that, under suitable design conditions, a nonlinear scatterer can be cloaked for one excitation direction, yet strongly scatters when excited at the same frequency and intensity from the opposite direction. This nonreciprocal scattering phenomenon opens opportunities for nonlinear nanophotonics, asymmetric imaging and visibility, all-optical signal processing and directional sensing.
Entre a memória e a história: a prática museal na Casa de Memória Edmundo Cardoso, Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Rossi Daiane Silveira , Corrêa Roselâine Casanova 
Published: July 2024

Este relatório tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados do Projeto de Extensão, Ação documental do acervo museológico da Casa de Memória Edmundo Cardoso (Santa Maria/RS), desenvolvido no ano de 2010, que fez parte de uma parceria entre o Curso de História, do Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA) e a Casa de Memória Edmundo Cardoso (CMEC). O acervo da CMEC se compõe de material bibliográfico, anuários, revistas, jornais, documentos antigos, recortes de jornais, relatórios, mapas, álbuns, fotografias, pinturas, filmes, vídeos, slides, ao qual propôs-se o registro, a higienização e a sua organização. A partir destes objetos, alcançou-se o tratamento de 1600 imagens iconográficas. Com os procedimentos museais, busca-se a preservação da memória e a recuperação do passado histórico de Santa Maria, pelo estímulo a pesquisa de seu acervo, de forma a atingir a comunidade, contribuindo para o estudo da cidade e a consolidação da identidade local.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE-RESISTANT ALGORITHMS FOR CALCULATING THE GROUP DELAY TIME OF A MODEL DIGITAL SIGNAL WITH A RANDOM NOISE COMPONENT
Authors: ЖОХОВ К.С. , ГАНДЖА Т.В. , КОЧЕРГИН М.И. 
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются особенности вычисления группового времени задержки сигнала на основе цифровых измерений S-параметров СВЧ-устройств. Проведено исследование методов вычисления группового времени задержки сигнала со случайной шумовой составляющей на основе дифференцирования методом приращения и на базе аппроксимации. Предложен способ вычисления группового времени задержки, основанный на методе дифференцирования с использованием скользящей кусочно-линейной аппроксимации. Данный алгоритм более устойчив к шумовой составляющей рассматриваемого сигнала, чем стандартный способ вычисления группового времени задержки сигнала, разработанный на примере метода односторонней разности, и обладает меньшей вычислительной сложностью, чем представленный в статье метод, основанный на квадратичной аппроксимации. Приведены результаты тестирования работы описываемых методов, которые иллюстрируют их пригодность для использования при вычислении группового времени задержки.
Specific features of calculating the group delay time of a signal based on digital measurements of the S-parameters of microwave devices are discussed. Methods for calculating the group delay time of a signal with a random noise component based on differentiation by the increment method and approximation are discussed. A method for calculating the group delay time based on the differentiation method using a sliding piecewise-linear approximation is proposed. This algorithm is more resistant to the noise component of the signal in question than the standard method for calculating the group delay time of a signal based on the one-way difference method and has a smaller computational complexity than the method considered in the article based on quadratic approximation. The results of testing the operation of the described methods are presented, which illustrate their suitability for use in calculating the group delay time.