bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive poly(amino acid)s for multi‐modal cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Guanqing , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironments is as inseparable as the relationship between “seeds” and “soil.” The tumor microenvironments (TMEs) exacerbate malignancy by enriching malignant cell subclones, generating extracellular matrices, and recruiting immunosuppressive cells, thereby diminishing the efficacy of clinical therapies. Modulating TMEs has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance cancer therapy. However, the existing drugs used in clinical settings do not target the TMEs specifically, underscoring the urgent need for advanced strategies. Bioactive materials present unique opportunities for modulating TMEs. Poly(amino acid)s with precisely controllable structures and properties offer exceptional characteristics, such as diverse structural units, excellent biosafety, ease of modification, sensitive biological responsiveness, and unique secondary structures. These attributes hold significant potential for the modulation of TMEs and clinical applications further. Consequently, developing bioactive poly(amino acid)s capable of modulating the TMEs by elucidating structure–activity relationships and mechanisms is a promising approach for innovative clinical oncology therapy. This review summarizes the recent progress of our research team in developing bioactive poly(amino acid)s for multi‐modal tumor therapy. First, a brief overview of poly(amino acid) synthesis and their advantages as nanocarriers is provided. Subsequently, the pioneering research of our research group on synthesizing the biologically responsive, dynamically allosteric, and immunologically effective poly(amino acid)s are highlighted. These poly(amino acid)s are designed to enhance tumor therapy by modulating the intracellular, extracellular matrix, and stromal cell microenvironments. Finally, the future development of poly(amino acid)s is discussed. This review will guide and inspire the construction of bioactive poly(amino acid)s with promising clinical applications in cancer therapy.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide‐Based Structures
Modeling the Morphology Evolution of Recrystallized Grains of Aluminum Alloys Under Oriented Growth and Anisotropic Dispersoid Pinning
Authors: Liu Ruxue , Zhang Zhiwu , Zhou Baocheng , Zhou Guowei , Li Dayong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStatic recrystallization takes place during the annealing of deformed metals, and the resulting fine or coarse, equiaxed or lath-like recrystallized grains together with various textures can have a significant effect on the material’s performance. In this work, oriented growth and anisotropic dispersoid pinning effects on boundary migration are taken into account in a cellular automaton model to simulate the morphology evolution of recrystallized grain in aluminum alloy. Diverse grain morphology can be predicted when varying the settings of annealing condition, and the underlying physical mechanism is discussed based on the simulated results.
Cyclic Bending Behaviors of Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Beams
Authors: Zhou Kecheng , Tang Ding , Li Dayong , Wang Huamiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBending behavior holds significant importance, as it plays an unavoidable role in a variety of forming processes. Therefore, gaining insight into the cyclic bending mechanical behavior of magnesium (Mg) alloys is crucial for designing, fabricating, and ensuring the performance of end products. This study conducts cyclic bending simulations of an extruded AZ31 Mg alloy beam using crystal-plasticity-based methods. The study encompasses the macroscopic aspects of stress distribution and strain distribution, along with a detailed discussion of microscopic factors such as the relative activities of deformation mechanisms and twin volume fraction during cyclic bending. Different from conventional alloys with high crystal symmetry, the apparent the neutral layer shifting phenomena is observed in the extruded AZ31. The simulated results reveal that this distinct behavior is ascribed to the alternating twinning and detwinning mechanisms.
A Numerical Study to Analyze the Effect of Process Parameters on Ring Rolling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Nayak Soumyaranjan , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Gokhale Hina , Prasad M. J. N. V. , Narasimhan K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHot ring rolling is a production method to manufacture seamless rings. It is a complex incremental metal-forming process where reduction of cross-section leads to increase in diameter of the ring via circumferential extrusion. High degree of non-linearity and asymmetry is associated with the process. The process results in non-uniform distribution of temperature and plastic strain in the ring cross-section, and this in turn significantly affects the deformation behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Form defect like fishtail defect is also a major concern and incurs loss in terms of labor and machining cost. In this study, rolling of Ti-6Al-4V rings is studied with the help of three-dimensional coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model established using ABAQUS/Explicit environment-based dynamic explicit code. The major parameters taken into consideration for the study are main roll speed (rpm), main roll feed (mm/s), and coefficient of friction. Each parameter was studied at two levels. Twenty simulations with different combinations of major parameters were developed via Central Composite Design (CCD). Coefficient of Variation (CoV) was used as a heterogeneity index to ascertain heterogeneity in equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) and temperature distribution in the ring. Fishtail defect was quantified using fishtail coefficient as an index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to ascertain the impact of significant factors and interactions between different parameters affecting the ring rolling process. ANOVA technique requires unrestricted range of (−∞, ∞) for analysis. Hence, logit transformation is used to transform fishtail coefficient present in the range 0–1 to an unrestricted real number range (−∞, ∞). Main roll feed rate was found to be the most significant factor affecting CoV (PEEQ), CoV (temperature) and logit transformation of fishtail coefficient and has an inverse correlation and quadratic relationship with all the responses. Other sources of variation like main roll speed (rpm) and coefficient of friction (CoF) have minimal impact. Increase in feed rate was found to reduce CoV (PEEQ), CoV (temperature), and logit transformation of fishtail coefficient.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation on Formability and Failure Behavior of Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber/AL Composite Laminates
Authors: Sun Chen , Dai Minghua , Ying Liang , Du Kai , Chen Zhigang , Hu Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic/aluminum alloy (CFRTP/AL) composite laminates have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, and good fatigue resistance, which is a new type of engineering composite material to realize lightweight vehicle body. Heterogeneous interface delamination failure occurs in the forming process of the fiber metal laminates (FMLs). It is necessary to establish an effective finite element simulation strategy to accurately predict the delamination failure behavior of FMLs. In this work, thermoplastic PA6 continuous carbon fiber/AL FMLs were taken as the research object, and the double cantilever beam (DCB) and the end-notched flexure (ENF) experiments were carried out to determine the basic mechanical parameters between the interlayer interfaces of CFRTP/AL. Furthermore, a numerical simulation model based on ABAQUS software was developed to describe the progressive damage failure behavior of the CRFTP/AL in the forming process by using the equivalent modeling strategy of discontinuous micro-shear, which realized the effective prediction of ply directional damage failure of FMLs on the basis of the S-beam model. The results show that the established damage constitutive model and numerical method coupled with cohesive zone model (CZM) can effectively predict the ply directional damage failure behavior of CFRTP/AL composites during the large deformation forming.
Optimization of Process Variables in Warm Extrusion of a Mg–Al–Zn Alloy by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Tamuly Reeturaj , Kumar D. Ravi , Aravindan S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMagnesium alloys are extensively used in various fields such as automobile, defense, and aerospace due to their high specific strength and good damping properties. Extrusion is one of the important metal forming processes that is used to process the cast alloy into various useful shapes at high production rates. It is also known to improve the workability and strength of the material. Due to these advantages, interest on the extrusion of magnesium alloys has significantly increased in the recent past. But due to poor formability at room temperature, extrusion of Mg alloys in the warm forming temperature range is an important process in the fabrication of these alloys. Optimization of process variables is critical for the minimization of extrusion load and prevention of defects. In this work, numerical simulations of the extrusion process of a Mg–Al–Zn (AZ31) alloy are carried out to predict the optimum combination of process parameters, namely, extrusion ratio, extrusion speed, and extrusion temperature. Hansel Spittle model was used to define the flow stress curve in the simulation. The effect of the process parameters on extrusion load was studied, and the optimum die angle required to minimize the load required for extrusion was predicted.
Fermion-monopole scattering in the Standard Model
Authors: van Beest Marieke , Smith Philip Boyle , Delmastro Diego , Mouland Rishi , Tong David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the scattering of fermions off ’t Hooft lines in the Standard Model. A long-standing paradox suggests that the outgoing fermions necessarily carry fractional quantum numbers. In a previous paper, we resolved this paradox in the context of a number of toy models where we showed that the outgoing radiation is created by operators that are attached to a co-dimension 1 topological surface. This shifts the quantum numbers of the outgoing states associated to non-anomalous symmetries to be integer valued as required, while the quantum numbers associated to anomalous symmetries are fractional. Here we apply these ideas to the Standard Model.
Entanglement island and Page curve for one-sided charged black hole
Authors: Qu Yun-Feng , Lan Yi-Ling , Yu Hongwei , Gan Wen-Cong , Shu Fu-Wen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the method of calculating the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation of black holes using the “in” vacuum state, which describes one-sided asymptotically flat neutral black hole formed by gravitational collapse, to dynamic charged black holes. We explore the influence of charge on the position of the boundary of island ∂I and the Page time. Due to their distinct geometric structures, we discuss non-extremal and extremal charged black holes separately. In non-extremal cases, the emergence of island saves the bound of entropy at late times, and the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation satisfies the Page curve. Moreover, we also find that the position of the boundary of island ∂I depends on the position of the cutoff surface (observers), differing from the behavior in eternal charged black holes. In extremal black holes, when the island exists, the entanglement entropy is approximately equal to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, while the entanglement entropy becomes ill-defined when island is absent. Our analysis underscores how different geometric configurations significantly influence the behavior of entropy.
Long-term analysis of hematological parameters as predictors of recurrence patterns and treatment outcomes in cervical cancer patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Elmali Aysenur , Guler Ozan Cem , Demirhan Birhan , Yavuz Melek , Onal Cem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study sought to determine the predictive and prognostic value of clinicopathological parameters and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and hemoglobin (Hgb) level in predicting recurrence patterns and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy (ChRT).

Methods
This study included 261 cervical cancer patients treated with ChRT. The primary endpoints were the predictors of local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM), whereas the secondary endpoints were LRFS and DMFS. The association of survival with potential prognostic factors was analyzed using Cox regression analysis, and the predictors of LR and DM were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results
The median follow-up time was 10.9 years. Recurrences occurred in 132 patients (50.6%) within a median of 11.2 months after definitive ChRT. NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in patients with LR and DM than in those without, with no significant differences in Hgb levels in patients with or without LR and DM. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, lymph node metastasis, elevated NLR, and low Hgb level were significantly correlated with LR and DM. In the multivariable analysis, large tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, and elevated NLR were the independent predictors for poor LRFS and DMFS, and Hgb level was an additional prognostic factor for DMFS.

Conclusion
Hematological markers, particularly NLR and Hgb, may serve as cost-effective and readily accessible indicators for predicting recurrence and survival in cervical cancer patients, contributing to their practical use in routine assessments.
Superfizielles Angiomyxom der Fußsohle
Authors: Mihalceanu Silvia , Hartschuh Wolfgang , Toberer Ferdinand 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDas superfizielle Angiomyxom ist eine seltene, benigne Neoplasie, bestehend aus spindeligen Fibroblasten in einem myxoiden, gefäßreichen Stroma. Die diagnostische Abklärung gelingt meist mithilfe der histologischen und immunhistochemischen Aufarbeitung und ist in Abhängigkeit von der klinischen Präsentation von besonderem Stellenwert, da differenzialdiagnostisch auch maligne Tumoren infrage kommen. In unserer Fallvorstellung präsentieren wir einen Patienten mit einem solitären, superfiziellen Angiomyxom der Fußsohle. Obwohl das superfizielle Angiomyxom oft als eine eigenständige Entität auftritt, ist es empfehlenswert, Syndrome wie den Carney-Komplex auszuschließen.
Evaluation of wood chips terminal velocity and some morphological properties in a wind tunnel experiment
Authors: Németh Gábor , Kocsis Zoltán , Magoss Endre 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe removal of wood dust and chips from the work area is also important for occupational health safety regulation and to avoid the risk of fire and dust explosion. Knowledge of the terminal velocity is an important condition for the effective and economical operation of commonly used wood dust-chip extraction systems. While the largest particles are important from the point of view of the operation of the extraction system, knowledge of the terminal velocity of small particles (under 1 mm) is desirable from the point of view of separation and occupational health safety. New measuring and calculation method is developed in order to determine the terminal velocity of wood particles. We built an experimental device to measure the terminal velocity of wood dust-chip particles, and using the experimental results, we modified the calculated terminal velocity based on the modified equivalent particle density (100–130 kg/m3) in the 1–150 μm size range. The terminal velocity of wood particles under 150 μm more and more deviates from the theoretical values. As a result of mechanical processing, the resulting wood particles’ shape is in most cases flat. The average thickness of the wood particles is mainly determined by the sawing parameters. The flat shape of particles increases the specific surface area in a certain extent depending on the distribution parameters.
Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of 1064 individuals with type 1 diabetes reveals novel genes for diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Haukka Jani K. , Antikainen Anni A. , Valo Erkka , Syreeni Anna , Dahlström Emma H. , Lin Bridget M. , Franceschini Nora , Krolewski Andrzej S. , Harjutsalo Valma , Groop Per-Henrik , Sandholm Niina ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe diabetic complication that affects one third of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Although several genes and common variants have been shown to be associated with DKD, much of the predicted inheritance remains unexplained. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing to assess whether low-frequency variants, extending to a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤10% (single or aggregated) contribute to the missing heritability in DKD.

Methods
We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 498 individuals and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 599 individuals with type 1 diabetes. After quality control, next-generation sequencing data were available for a total of 1064 individuals, of whom 541 had developed either severe albuminuria or end-stage kidney disease, and 523 had retained normal albumin excretion despite a long duration of type 1 diabetes. Single-variant and gene-aggregate tests for protein-altering variants (PAV) and protein-truncating variants (PTV) were performed separately for WES and WGS data and combined in a meta-analysis. We also performed genome-wide aggregate analyses on genomic windows (sliding window), promoters and enhancers using the WGS dataset.

Results
In the single-variant meta-analysis, no variant reached genome-wide significance, but a suggestively associated common THAP7 rs369250 variant (p=1.50 × 10−5, MAF=49%) was replicated in the FinnGen general population genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for chronic kidney disease and DKD phenotypes. The gene-aggregate meta-analysis provided suggestive evidence (p<4.0 × 10−4) at four genes for DKD, of which NAT16 (MAFPAV≤10%) and LTA (also known as TNFβ, MAFPAV≤5%) are replicated in the FinnGen general population GWAS data. The LTA rs2229092 C allele was associated with significantly lower TNFR1, TNFR2 and TNFR3 serum levels in a subset of FinnDiane participants. Of the intergenic regions suggestively associated with DKD, the enhancer on chromosome 18q12.3 (p=3.94 × 10−5, MAFvariants≤5%) showed interaction with the METTL4 gene; the lead variant was replicated, and predicted to alter binding of the MafB transcription factor.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our sequencing-based meta-analysis revealed multiple genes, variants and regulatory regions that were suggestively associated with DKD. However, as no variant or gene reached genome-wide significance, further studies are needed to validate the findings.

Graphical Abstract
Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with suicidal ideation and self-injury in individuals with diabetes and obesity: a propensity-weighted, population-based cohort study
Authors: Hurtado Isabel , Robles Celia , Peiró Salvador , García-Sempere Aníbal , Sanfélix-Gimeno Gabriel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Regulators worldwide are reviewing safety data on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), following reports by the Icelandic Medicines Agency in July 2023 of suicidal ideation and self-injury (SIS) in individuals taking liraglutide and semaglutide. We aimed to assess the risk of SIS in new users of GLP-1RA when compared with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) users, prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes in individuals with obesity.

Methods
This is a cohort study combining several population-wide databases and covering a Spanish population of five million inhabitants, including all adults with obesity who initiated treatment with either GLP-1RA or SGLT-2i for type 2 diabetes from 2015 to 2021. To estimate the comparative effect of GLP-1RA on the risk of SIS, we employed a new user, active comparator design and we carried out multivariable Cox regression modelling with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores. We performed several stratified and sensitivity analyses.

Results
We included 3040 patients initiating treatment with GLP-1RA and 11,627 with SGLT-2i. When compared with patients treated with SGLT-2i, those in the GLP-1RA group were younger (55 vs 60 years old, p<0.001), had more anxiety (49.4% vs 41.5%, p<0.001), sleep disorders (43.2% vs 34.1%, p<0.001) and depression (24.4% vs 19.0%, p<0.001), and were more obese (35.1% of individuals with BMI ≥40 vs 15.1%, p<0.001). After propensity score weighting, standardised mean differences between groups were <0.1 for all covariates, showing adequate balance between groups at baseline after adjustment. In the main per-protocol analyses we found no evidence that GLP-1RA increased the incidence of SIS (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.35, 3.14). Intention-to-treat analyses resulted in an HR of 1.36 (95% CI 0.51, 3.61). In analyses excluding individuals with no BMI information and using imputation for BMI missing values, respective HRs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.26, 3.14) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.42, 3.92). Stratified analyses showed no differences between subgroups.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our findings do not support an increased risk of SIS when taking GLP-1RA in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, the rarity of SIS events and the wide uncertainty of effect size (although null, effect may be compatible with a risk as high as threefold) calls for a cautious interpretation of our results. Further studies, including final evaluations from regulatory bodies, are called for to discard a causal link between GLP-1RA and suicidality.

Graphical Abstract
New approach to $${\upalpha }$$-titanium mechanical properties enhancement by means of thermoplastic deformation in mid-temperature range
Authors: Bańczerowski Jakub , Pawlikowski Marek , Płociński Tomasz , Zagórski Andrzej , Sawicki Sylwester , Gieleta Roman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPure titanium due to its high corrosion resistance, low stiffness and good mechanical properties is commonly used in medicine for orthopaedic applications. However, its material properties (especially in the case of $${\upalpha }$$
α
-titanium) require a further enhancement to fulfil its role. The thermoplastic deformation in mid-temperature is proposed as a method for microstructure improvement. Titanium samples were compressed in different temperatures and strain rates to determine the best conditions for grain fragmentation—the main factor responsible for strength and hardness increase. The thermoplastic stress–strain curves were registered. Then microstructure observations and electron backscatter analysis were performed on the chosen samples. Finally, mechanical response of the previously deformed material was obtained in room temperature compression tests. A significant grain fragmentation was recorded for the material deformed in 400 $$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

∘

C

, at 0.1/s and 1/s strain rates. Desirable results were also noticed for the deformation performed at 500–600 $$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

∘

C

. However, high temperatures (700–800 $$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

∘

C

) and strain rates (10/s) resulted in dynamic recrystallization, causing undesirable grain growth. An increase in hardness was observed in all cases, with higher values recorded in lower deformation temperatures. Room temperature compression tests revealed slight increase of ductility.