bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational factors and child participation in decision‐making: differences between two child welfare organizations
Authors: Vis Svein Arild , Fossum Sturla 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChildren in residential care tend to be less content with the quality of care arrangements and participation opportunities compared to children in foster care. This study explored possible differences in social workers' views about child participation and service quality. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test if any differences may be explained by collaboration between professionals' and social workers' work engagement. We found that social workers from residential care services seem more prudent in letting children participate in case planning compared to social workers planning for foster care. Social workers' judgements of service quality were also highly affected by their organizational affiliation, but personal factors such as work engagement may also play a part. The differences we found regarding social workers' attitudes towards participation and their rating of service quality are associated with organizational culture. Understanding how organizations shape social workers' decisions to include or exclude children in care planning may help gain a more comprehensive understanding of what is needed to take the participation agenda forward.
Phantoms of Gondwana?—phylogeny of the spider subfamily Mynogleninae (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: Frick Holger , Scharff Nikolaj 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is the first genus‐level phylogeny of the subfamily Mynogleninae. It is based on 190 morphological characters scored for 44 taxa: 37 mynoglenine taxa (ingroup) representing 15 of the 17 known genera and seven outgroup taxa representing the subfamilies Stemonyphantinae, Linyphiinae (Linyphiini and Micronetini), and Erigoninae, and a representative of the family Pimoidae, the sister‐group to Linyphiidae. No fewer than 147 of the morphological characters used in this study are new and defined for this study, and come mainly from male and female genitalia. Parsimony analysis with equal weights resulted in three most parsimonious trees of length 871. The monophyly of the subfamily Mynogleninae and the genera Novafroneta, Parafroneta, Laminafroneta, Afroneta, Promynoglenes, Metamynoglenes, and Haplinis are supported, whereas Pseudafroneta is paraphyletic. The remaining seven mynoglenine genera are either monotypic or represented by only one taxon. Diagnoses are given for all genera included in the analysis. The evolution of morphological traits is discussed and we summarize the diversity and distribution patterns of the 124 known species of mynoglenines. The preferred topology suggests a single origin of mynoglenines in New Zealand with two dispersal events to Africa, and does not support Gondwana origin.
Use of Large‐Scale Acoustic Monitoring to Assess Anthropogenic Pressures on Orthoptera Communities
Authors: PENONE CATERINA , LE VIOL ISABELLE , PELLISSIER VINCENT , JULIEN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , BAS YVES , KERBIRIOU CHRISTIAN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBiodiversity monitoring at large spatial and temporal scales is greatly needed in the context of global changes. Although insects are a species‐rich group and are important for ecosystem functioning, they have been largely neglected in conservation studies and policies, mainly due to technical and methodological constraints. Sound detection, a nondestructive method, is easily applied within a citizen‐science framework and could be an interesting solution for insect monitoring. However, it has not yet been tested at a large scale. We assessed the value of a citizen‐science program in which Orthoptera species (Tettigoniidae) were monitored acoustically along roads. We used Bayesian model‐averaging analyses to test whether we could detect widely known patterns of anthropogenic effects on insects, such as the negative effects of urbanization or intensive agriculture on Orthoptera populations and communities. We also examined site‐abundance correlations between years and estimated the biases in species detection to evaluate and improve the protocol. Urbanization and intensive agricultural landscapes negatively affected Orthoptera species richness, diversity, and abundance. This finding is consistent with results of previous studies of Orthoptera, vertebrates, carabids, and butterflies. The average mass of communities decreased as urbanization increased. The dispersal ability of communities increased as the percentage of agricultural land and, to a lesser extent, urban area increased. Despite changes in abundances over time, we found significant correlations between yearly abundances. We identified biases linked to the protocol (e.g., car speed or temperature) that can be accounted for ease in analyses. We argue that acoustic monitoring of Orthoptera along roads offers several advantages for assessing Orthoptera biodiversity at large spatial and temporal extents, particularly in a citizen science framework.El Uso de Monitoreos Acústicos a Gran Escala para Estudiar las Presiones Antropogénicas sobre Comunidades de Orthoptera
High larval density does not induce a prophylactic immune response in a butterfly
Authors: PIESK MATTHIAS , KARL ISABELL , FRANKE KRISTIN , FISCHER KLAUS 
Published: May 2013

Immune function is greatly affected by biotic and abiotic factors, arguably owing to resource allocation trade‐offs. While starvation typically exerts negative effects on immune function, there are two competing hypotheses regarding the impact of population density: a high population density may decrease or increase immune competence, either as a result of reduced energy stores or of augmented resource allocation to minimise infection risk (density‐dependent prophylaxis).Against this background, the effects of population (= larval rearing) density and transient food stress on adult immune function and life‐history traits in the temperate‐zone butterflyPieris napi(Linnaeus) have been examined.Both a period of larval starvation and high larval rearing density prolonged the development time and reduced the body mass. All immune parameters measured (pro‐phenoloxidase and phenoloxidase activity, haemocyte number, encapsulation rate) were also negatively affected by high density, whereas starvation had no effect.We thus found no evidence for density‐dependent prophylaxis, but a diminished performance at a high density probably caused by reduced energy stores. The present study reinforces that the maintenance and deployment of an efficient immune system is costly, which may prohibit prophylactic responses to high population densities.
Effects of ventral striatal lesions on first‐ and second‐order appetitive conditioning
Authors: McDannald Michael A. , Setlow Barry , Holland Peter C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRats with bilateral lesions of the ventral striatal nucleus accumbens failed to acquire Pavlovian second‐order conditioning to auditory stimuli paired with visual stimuli that had previously received first‐order pairings with food. This deficit in second‐order conditioning was specific to learning driven by incentive properties of the first‐order cues, and was observed whether the first‐order training had occurred prior to or after lesion surgery. Lesions also produced deficits in the display of conditioned responses to the first‐order conditioned stimulus, but only when they were made after first‐order training. These results suggest a specific role for the ventral striatum in acquiring and expressing incentive properties of conditioned stimuli through second‐order conditioning, as well as a more general role in expressing previously acquired Pavlovian conditioned responses.
Effects of acid sulphate on DOC release in mineral soils: the influence of SO42− retention and Al release
Authors: Palmer S. M. , Clark J. M. , Chapman P. J. , van der Heijden G. M. F. , Bottrell S. H. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDissolved organic carbon (DOC) in acid‐sensitive upland waters is dominated by allochthonous inputs from organic‐rich soils, yet inter‐site variability in soil DOC release to changes in acidity has received scant attention in spite of the reported differences between locations in surface water DOC trends over the last few decades. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that pH‐related retention of DOC in O horizon soils was influenced by acid‐base status, particularly the exchangeable Al content. In the present paper, we investigate the effect of sulphate additions (0–437 µeq l−1) on DOC release in the mineral B horizon soils from the same locations. Dissolved organic carbon release decreased with declining pH in all soils, although the shape of the pH‐DOC relationships differed between locations, reflecting the multiple factors controlling DOC mobility. The release of DOC decreased by 32–91% in the treatment with the largest acid input (437 µeq l−1), with the greatest decreases occurring in soils with very small % base saturation (BS, < 3%) and/or large capacity for sulphate (SO42−) retention (up to 35% of added SO42−). The greatest DOC release occurred in the soil with the largest initial base status (12% BS). These results support our earlier conclusions that differences in acid‐base status between soils alter the sensitivity of DOC release to similar sulphur deposition declines. However, superimposed on this is the capacity of mineral soils to sorb DOC and SO42−, and more work is needed to determine the fate of sorbed DOC under conditions of increasing pH and decreasing SO42−.
Factors associated with post‐stroke anger proneness in ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Choi‐Kwon S. , Han K. , Cho K.‐H. , Choi S. , Suh M. , Nah H.‐W. , Kim J. S. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeFactors related to post‐ stroke anger proneness (PSAP) are poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of, and the factors related to, PSAP in the acute stage of stroke. Serotonin transporter protein genes and monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) gene polymorphisms were also examined.MethodsA total of 508 patients with acute IS were screened for PSAP at admission after stroke, using the modified Spielberger Trait Anger Scale. Blood samples were collected from each participant for DNA extraction and genotyping. The promoter of serotonin transporter protein (5‐HTTLPR), the variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms within intron 2 (VNTR STin2), and the 30‐bp functional VNTR polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAO‐A gene (MAOA‐uVNTR) were genotyped.ResultsPost‐ stroke anger proneness was present in 15.1% of patients at admission. The factors related to PSAP were diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), previous stroke (P < 0.01), motor and sensory dysfunction (P < 0.01), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission (P < 0.01), and MAO‐A gene polymorphism (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that previous stroke (95% CI: 1.33–4.25, P < 0.01), NIHSS at admission (95% CI: 1.09–1.26, P < 0.01), and low MAO‐A activity (95% CI: 1.19–3.47, P = 0.01) were the factors related to PSAP.ConclusionsOur results show that PSAP is relatively prevalent and that previous stroke, neurological dysfunction and the MAO‐A gene are involved in the development of PSAP.
Laplacian normalization for deriving thematic fuzzy clusters with an additive spectral approach
Authors: Nascimento Susana , Felizardo Rui , Mirkin Boris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a further investigation into computational properties of a novel fuzzy additive spectral clustering method, Fuzzy Additive Spectral clustering (FADDIS), recently introduced by authors. Specifically, we extend our analysis to ‘difficult’ data structures from the recent literature and develop two synthetic data generators simulating affinity data of Gaussian clusters and genuine additive similarity data, with a controlled level of noise. The FADDIS is experimentally verified on these data in comparison with two state‐of‐the‐art fuzzy clustering methods. The claimed ability of FADDIS to help in determining the right number of clusters is experimentally tested, and the role of the pseudo‐inverse Laplacian data transformation in this is highlighted. A potentially useful extension of the method to biclustering is introduced.
An evaluation on the effectiveness of Web 2.0 Startpages (Netvibes & Pageflakes) within NHS libraries
Authors: McCormick Carol , Pickard Alison Jane 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCarol McCormick was Learning Resources Advisor in the library at James Cook University Hospital, South Teesside when she completed her BSc (Hons) Librarianship (Work Based Learning) degree at Northumbria University. She gained a 1st Class Honours and is now Learning Resources Librarian. Carol's dissertation formed part of a wider action research project into the provision of current awareness services at James Cook University Hospital. This article reports on the evaluation which was conducted after a Web 2.0 Startpage, or portal, had been introduced to improve access to current awareness information for all staff within the Trust. It is the second article in the Dissertations into practice series to examine the use of web‐based tools to improve access to information for NHS staff.AM
Release kinetics of antioxidant compounds fromHibiscus sabdariffaL. encapsulated in gelatin beads and coated with sodium alginate
Authors: Díaz‐Bandera Daniel , Villanueva‐Carvajal Adriana , Dublán‐García Octavio , Quintero‐Salazar Baciliza , Dominguez‐Lopez Aurelio 
Published: May 2013

SummaryGelatin beads containing a concentrated extract ofRoselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) calyx rich in polyphenolic compounds were coated with sodium alginate and ionotropically gelled using CaCl2. Single‐coated beads and double‐coated beads were obtained by this technique, and the release pattern of the loaded extract was evaluated. As a result, release pattern of these compounds fits properly to a first–orderWeibull distribution equation. The release rate constant decreased linearly with the number of alginate coats and with the increase in immersion time in CaCl2and theLagperiod increased significantly with the number of alginate coats. The release ofH. sabdariffa'spolyphenols can be well controlled manipulating the number of alginate coats and the immersion time in a CaCl2solution, allowing not only to control the gastrointestinal segment where they could be released but also to control the release rate with the certainty that the initial concentration will be completely released showing a highly significant antioxidant activity as well.
Anaemia in chronic heart failure: more awareness is required
Authors: Pisaniello A. D. , Wong D. T. L. , Kajani I. , Robinson K. , Shakib S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo determine the characteristics of anaemic patients, how well anaemia is investigated and its contributing factors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).MethodsRetrospective analysis of longitudinal data collected during routine management of patients admitted with CHF at an Australian tertiary hospital. One thousand and twenty‐one patients admitted with CHF between 1997 and 2005 were included. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin concentration <110 g/L. Data were compared between anaemic and non‐anaemic patients.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia among patients with CHF was 20.3% in our study. These patients were more likely to be older, female, and have a higher prevalence of chronic renal failure and peripheral vascular disease. Despite previous studies reporting a higher mortality rate among CHF patients with anaemia, only 60% of patients had basic investigations for anaemia (i.e. iron studies, vitamin B12, folate and thyroid function testing). The cause of anaemia is usually multifactorial with 63.8% of patients having at least two factors contributing to their anaemia. Chronic renal failure, iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease were the most common contributors. These factors were not predicted based on abnormalities in mean corpuscular volume. Patients with anaemia had a longer length of stay in hospital.ConclusionsAnaemia in patients with CHF is common but not well investigated. The aetiology of anaemia is usually multifactorial and not easily predicted. Patients with anaemia and CHF have poorer outcomes. There needs to be more awareness among clinicians about the importance of investigating and treating anaemia in patients with CHF.
Systemic factors and mortality in elderly patients with pressure ulcers
Authors: Jaul Efraim , Calderon‐Margalit Ronit 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article was to identify specific systemic factors associated with existence of pressure ulcers (PUs) and the effect on survival from the time of admission. Patients admitted to the Skilled Nursing Department of the Herzog Hospital, Jerusalem, between 1 July 2008 and 31 December 2011. Of the 174 admitted patients (mean age: 77·4 ± 13·2 years), 107 (61·5%) had pre‐existing PUs and 67 (38·5%) did not have PUs. Major systemic factors were assessed for each patient at the time of admission: sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, use of urinary catheter, tube feeding and tracheostomy; nutritional state; Global Deterioration Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale and Norton Scale. Complications such as the number of provided antibiotic courses, and length and outcomes of hospitalisation were identified at the end of the study. In the univariate analysis, patients in the PU group had significantly prevalent characteristics including advanced age, low cognitive and consciousness function, low Norton scale, Parkinson's disease and anaemia due to chronic diseases, low nutritional parameters and higher number of antibiotics provided. Conditions that were associated with PUs in multiple regression analyses included advanced dementia (OR = 3·0, 95% CI: 1·4–6·3; P = 0·002), urinary catheter usage (OR = 2·25, 95% CI: 1·06–4·7; P = 0·03), low body mass index, BMI (OR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·86–0·99; P = 0·02) and anaemia level (OR = 0·7, 95% CI: 0·58–0·9; P = 0·004). The median survival time of patients with PUs was significantly lower than the non PUs group (94 versus 414 days, respectively) (P = 0·005, log rank test). Length of stay was also significantly lower in the PU group (166 versus 270 days, P = 0·02). The existence of PUs may indicate a final common pathway of various systemic factors (geriatric conditions, diseases and frailty dysfunction).
Platelet‐rich plasma inside the sternotomy wound reduces the incidence of sternal wound infections
Authors: Serraino Giuseppe F , Dominijanni Andrea , Jiritano Federica , Rossi Michele , Cuda Aldo , Caroleo Santo , Brescia Adalgisa , Renzulli Attilio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite the large choice of wide‐spectrum antibiotic therapy, deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) following cardiac surgery is a life‐threatening complication worldwide. This study evaluated that the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) applied inside the sternotomy wound would reduce the effect of sternal wound infections, both superficial and deep. Between January 2007 and January 2012, 1093 consecutive patients underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Patients were divided into two groups. Group B, the study group, included those who received the PRP applied inside the sternotomy wound before closure. Group A, the control group, included patients who received a median sternotomy but without the application of PRP. Antibiotic prophylaxis remained unchanged across the study and between the two groups. Occurrence of DSWI was significantly higher in group A than in group B [10 of 671 (1·5%) versus 1 of 422 (0·20%), P = 0·043]. Also, superficial sternal wound infections (SSWIs) were significantly higher in group A than in group B [19 of 671 (2·8%) versus 2 of 422 (0·5%), P = 0·006]. The use of PRP can significantly reduce the occurrence of DSWI and SSWI in cardiac surgery.
Determining risk factors for surgical wound dehiscence: a literature review
Authors: Sandy‐Hodgetts Kylie , Carville Keryln , Leslie Gavin D 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPostoperative wound healing plays a significant role in facilitating a patient's recovery and rehabilitation. Surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) impacts on mortality and morbidity rates and significantly contributes to prolonged hospital stays and associated psychosocial stressors on individuals and their families. A narrative review of SWD was undertaken on English‐only studies between 1945 and 2012 using three electronic databases Ovid CINHAL, Ovid Medline and Pubmed. The aim of this review was to identify predisposing factors for SWD and assessment tools to assist in the identification of at‐risk patients. Key findings from the included 15 papers out of a search of 1045 revealed the most common risk factors associated with SWD including obesity and wound infection, particularly in the case of abdominal surgery. There is limited reporting of variables associated with SWD across other surgical domains and a lack of risk assessment tools. Furthermore, there was a lack of clarity in the definition of SWD in the literature. This review provides an overview of the available research and provides a basis for more rigorous analysis of factors that contribute to SWD.
Colloidal Processing of Zirconium Diboride Ultra‐High Temperature Ceramics
Authors: Tallon Carolina , Chavara Dorji , Gillen Andrew , Riley Daniel , Edwards Lyndon , Moricca Sam , Franks George V. 
Published: May 2013

Colloidal processing of the Ultra‐High Temperature Ceramic (UHTC) zirconium diboride (ZrB2) to develop near−net‐shaping techniques has been investigated. The use of the colloidal processing technique produces higher particle packing that ultimately enables achieving greater densification at lower temperatures and pressures, even pressureless sintering. ZrB2 suspension formulations have been optimized in terms of rheological behavior. Suspensions were shaped into green bodies (63% relative density) using slip casting. The densification was carried out at 1900°C, 2000°C, and 2100°C, using both hot pressing at 40 MPa and pressureless sintering. The colloidally processed materials were compared with materials prepared by a conventional dry processing route (cold pressed at 50 MPa) and subjected to the same densification procedures. Sintered densities for samples produced by the colloidal route are higher than produced by the dry route (up to 99.5% relative density by hot pressing), even when pressureless sintering is performed (more than 90% relative density). The promising results are considered as a starting point for the fabrication of complex‐shaped components that can be densified at lower sintering temperatures without pressure.
Structural and Mössbauer Investigation of Nanocrystalline SrFe1−xTixO3−δ
Authors: Sendilkumar Arunachalam , Babu Peram Delli , Manivel Raja Muthuvel , Reddy Varimalla Raghavendra , Gupta Ajay , Srinath Sanyadanam 
Published: May 2013

Crystal structure and cation distribution of nanocrystalline SrFe1−xTixO3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) synthesized by combined high‐energy ball milling and solid‐state reactions are investigated using Neutron powder diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Ti doping stabilizes the single phase tetragonal structure with I4/mmm space group up to x = 0.3. The neutron and Mössbauer data confirm that Fe exists in three different sites both crystallographically as well as magnetically in all the four compositions. The cation distribution at various sites is established through Rietveld refinement.