bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse drug events are a major cause of acute medical admission
Authors: McLachlan C. Y. L. , Yi M. , Ling A. , Jardine D. L. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundAdverse drug events (ADE) contribute significantly to hospital admissions. Prospective New Zealand data are scant, and the ability of clinical coding to identify ADE associated admissions is uncertain. Outcomes after cessation of causative medications are unknown.AimsTo assess the frequency, nature and causality of ADE associated with acute admissions to General Medicine at Christchurch Hospital.MethodsProspective observational study of patients admitted to our medical team over 20 weeks.ResultsOf 336 admissions, 96 (28.6%) were ADE related. Sixty‐five (19.3%) were caused by an ADE, and 31 (9.2%) were contributed to by an ADE. The mean age of non‐ADE patients was 64.3 years (range 16–91), which was similar to the mean age of ADE patients (65.9 years; 21–92). However, if intentional overdoses and recreational drug use were excluded, ADE patients were significantly older at 72.4 years (21–92) (P = 0.0007). ADE patients took more regular medications on admission (mean 6.6, range 0–22) than non‐ADE patients (mean 5.0, 0–18), (P = 0.003). The average length of stay was similar. The commonest medications implicated were vasodilators, psychotropics and diuretics. The most common adverse effects were postural hypotension and/or vasovagal syncope (29% of ADE), intentional overdoses and recreational drug use (15%) and acute renal failure and/or clinical dehydration (10%). Seventy‐six patients had culprit medications stopped or reduced, and this potentially contributed to six readmissions. Coding identified 61% of ADE associated admissions.ConclusionADE are a common cause of hospital admission. The most frequent problems are postural hypotension and vasovagal syncope, intentional drug misuse and dehydration.
Economic burden of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in Bangladesh during 2010
Authors: Bhuiyan Mejbah U. , Luby Stephen P. , Alamgir Nadia I. , Homaira Nusrat , Mamun Abdullah A. , Khan Jahangir A. M. , Abedin Jaynal , Sturm‐Ramirez Katharine , Gurley Emily S. , Zaman Rashid U. , Alamgir ASM , Rahman Mahmudur , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveUnderstanding the costs of influenza‐associated illness in Bangladesh may help health authorities assess the cost‐effectiveness of influenza prevention programs. We estimated the annual economic burden of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in Bangladesh.DesignFrom May through October 2010, investigators identified both outpatients and inpatients at four tertiary hospitals with laboratory‐confirmed influenza infection through rRT‐PCR. Research assistants visited case‐patients' homes within 30 days of hospital visit/discharge and administered a structured questionnaire to capture direct medical costs (physician consultation, hospital bed, medicines and diagnostic tests), direct non‐medical costs (food, lodging and travel) and indirect costs (case‐patients' and caregivers' lost income). We used WHO‐Choice estimates for routine healthcare service costs. We added direct, indirect and healthcare service costs to calculate cost‐per‐episode. We used median cost‐per‐episode, published influenza‐associated outpatient and hospitalization rates and Bangladesh census data to estimate the annual economic burden of influenza‐associated illnesses in 2010.ResultsWe interviewed 132 outpatients and 41 hospitalized patients. The median cost of an influenza‐associated outpatient visit was US$4.80 (IQR = 2.93–8.11) and an influenza‐associated hospitalization was US$82.20 (IQR = 59.96–121.56). We estimated that influenza‐associated outpatient visits resulted in US$108 million (95% CI: 76–147) in direct costs and US$59 million (95% CI: 37–91) in indirect costs; influenza‐associated hospitalizations resulted in US$1.4 million (95% CI: 0.4–2.6) in direct costs and US$0.4 million (95% CI: 0.1–0.8) in indirect costs in 2010.ConclusionsIn Bangladesh, influenza‐associated illnesses caused an estimated US$169 million in economic loss in 2010, largely driven by frequent but low‐cost outpatient visits.
Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Torsion and Correlation With Computed Tomographic Techniques in Labrador Retrievers With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Authors: Mostafa Ayman A. , Griffon Dominique J. , Thomas Michael W. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo (1) develop a technique to determine the anteversion angle (AA) of the femur on a single radiograph; (2) determine the correlation between this technique and other published radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) methods; and (3) compare the diagnostic outcome of these methods in determining the level at which femoral torsion occurred in Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency.Study DesignCross‐sectional clinical study.AnimalsMature pure‐bred Labrador Retrievers (n = 30).MethodsPelvic limbs (n = 28) of 14 dogs without CCL deficiency were classified as control, whereas limbs of 16 dogs (18 limbs) with CCL deficiency were considered as diseased. Femoral torsion was evaluated using radiography and CT and variables were compared among limb groups by use of a mixed‐model ANOVA, withP < .05 considered significant.ResultsThere was a significant association between biplanar and lateral plane AAs but neither correlated with CT assessment of femoral torsion. On CT, a significant correlation was identified between overall AA and each of the distal, proximal, and femoral head trochanteric angles. Biplanar and lateral plane AAs did not differ between normal and CCL deficient limbs. On CT, overall and distal AAs were increased in CCL deficient limbs compared to control.ConclusionBiplanar determination of femoral torsion can be estimated based on a single lateral radiograph but the results will be inaccurate as only CT identified and localized the site of femoral torsion.
Biotype and insecticide resistance status of Bemisia tabaci populations from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Shadmany M. , Omar D. , Muhamad R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBemisia tabaci, a resistance‐prone insect pest, is a cryptic species complex with important invasive biotypes such as B and Q. The biotype and resistance statuses of this pest in Malaysia remain unclear. This study assessed the biotype and resistance status of a number of contemporary populations of B. tabaci based on the mtCO1 marker and the dose‐response method, respectively. The Pahang (PHG) population was labelled as the Q biotype, while the remainder of the populations belonged to the Asia 1 biotype. A very low level of resistance for profenofos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid was detected for all populations [resistance factor (RF) < 10]. Resistance to diafenthiuron ranged from very low to very high (RF > 100). All populations showed a very low level of resistance against pymetrozine except Q‐type PHG population, which exhibited a very high level of resistance. For most insecticides, the highest level of resistance was detected in the PHG population. The implications of these findings for better management of this noxious pest are discussed.
Job‐Related Stress and Sickness Absence Among Belgian Nurses: A Prospective Study
Authors: Trybou Jeroen , Germonpre Sofie , Janssens Heidi , Casini Annalisa , Braeckman Lutgart , Bacquer Dirk De , Clays Els 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of job stress on sickness absence of nurses and determine the predictive power of the Demand‐Control‐Support (DCS) model, the Effort‐Reward Imbalance‐Overcommitment (ERI‐OC) model, and a combination of both.DesignA survey was conducted to measure job stress in a sample of 527 Belgian nurses, followed by prospective data collection of sickness absence (long‐term, short‐term, and multiple episodes).FindingsPerceptions of job strain and ERI increased the odds for long‐term (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.26; 99% confidence interval [CI; 1.27–4.04]) and multiple episodes of sickness absence (adjusted OR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.01–2.65]). Iso‐strain and ERI‐OC increased the odds for long‐term (OR = 1.75; 95% CI [0.98–3.11]), multiple episode (adjusted OR = 1.93; 95% CI [1.14–3.26]), and short‐term (adjusted OR = 1.69; 95% CI [1.03–2.76]) sickness absence.ConclusionsThe combined model of DCS and ERI‐OC predicts the odds for long‐term and short‐term sickness absence and multiple episodes.Clinical RelevanceThis study has implications for human resources management in nursing organizations. Nursing administrators are advised to monitor and balance nurses’ job demands and efforts. They should recognize the importance of social support, job control, job rewards, and overcommitment in order to reduce the job stress of nurses.
Unacknowledged Threats Proffered “in a Manner of Speaking”: Recognizing Workplace Bullying as Shaming
Authors: Dzurec Laura Cox , Kennison Monica , Albataineh Raya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine workplace bullying victims' perceptions of what they heard their bully counterparts say through their use of prosody.DesignFrom a sampling frame of 89 manuscripts referenced in the authors' previous studies, we identified a subset (n= 10) that included quotes regarding bullying victims' perceptions of communication experiences with their bully perpetrators.MethodsWe used hermeneutics and a recursive metasynthesis to interpret quotes embedded in the manuscripts chosen for this study.FindingsTwo‐thirds of language is expressed nonverbally through prosody or “manner of speaking”—rhythm, stress, intonation, and vocabulary choice. We found that as bullies communicated with their intended victims over time, they used prosody across subtle, linked communications, or boldly and openly in public venues, to establish a context‐embedded, one‐way communication process of “doublespeak.”ConclusionsBullies' confusing prosodic communication processes served to recontexualize victims' situations and, through mechanisms largely unacknowledged by the victims, to subtly demean their personhood, and to shame them and render them voiceless.Clinical relevanceThis study directs formal attention to the language of workplace bullying. Further study might strengthen opportunities to effectively address and curtail the long‐term personal, professional, and organizational injuries deriving from workplace bullying.
Laser light passage through restored and carious posterior teeth
Authors: Chandler N. P. , Pitt Ford T. R. , Monteith B. D. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryLaser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been used to investigate pulpal blood flow as a means of pulp vitality testing. Transmission of laser light from the tooth surface to the pulp space may be influenced by caries and restorations. One hundred and twenty‐two first and second molars that had caries into dentine, restorations or significant loss of coronal tissue were sectioned in half axio‐bucco‐lingually. The two sections were illuminated with a laser from their buccal and lingual aspects 2 mm coronal to the amelocemental junction. Light reaching the pulp space was recorded. Buccal and lingual illumination sites were equally effective for 67 teeth (55%). Buccal sites alone were effective for 35 teeth (29%), despite over one‐third of these surfaces being restored or featuring enamel or dentine caries. A lingual position alone was effective for 20 teeth (16%). Caries affected light transmission, but for over half the teeth, the pulp could be illuminated from all four probe positions. No effect was found when the influence of mesial and distal restorations on transmission into the corresponding tooth section was examined. The pulp spaces of most (84%) restored, and carious posterior teeth could be illuminated by laser light from their buccal aspect and these teeth could potentially be vitality tested using LDF.
Mastication and jaw motion of partially edentulous patients are affected by different implant‐based prostheses
Authors: Gonçalves T. M. S. V. , Campos C. H. , Rodrigues Garcia R. C. M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe main goal of prosthetic treatment is to restore masticatory function. However, insufficient evidence supports the recommendation of one specific prosthetic intervention for partially edentulous patients. Function after the use of three different prostheses by the same partially edentulous subject. Mastication was assessed in 12 subjects (mean age 62·6 ± 7·8 years) after they had used removable partial dentures (RPDs), implant‐supported partial dentures (IRPDs) and implant‐fixed partial dentures (IFPDs). Masticatory ability (MA) was estimated by visual analogue scale questionnaire, while the mandibular chewing motion was evaluated by kinesiographic device, representing an objective measurement of masticatory function. Data were analysed by repeated‐measures anova followed by Tukey–Kramer (P < 0·05). MA improved after IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0·05). Opening, closing and total cycle time duration were reduced after both IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0·05), irrespectively the implant prosthesis type. IFPDs and IRPDs restore the masticatory function of partially edentulous patients better than RPDs.
Development and Lability in the Parent–Child Relationship During Adolescence: Associations With Pubertal Timing and Tempo
Authors: Marceau Kristine , Ram Nilam , Susman Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2014

Adolescents' and parents' reactions to pubertal development are hypothesized to contribute to changes in family dynamics. Using 7‐year longitudinal data from the NICHD‐SECCYD (488 boys, 475 girls), we examined relations between pubertal development (timing, tempo) and trajectories (developmental change and year‐to‐year lability) of parent–child conflict and closeness from age 8.5 to 15.5 years. Changes were mostly characterized by year‐to‐year fluctuations—lability. Parent–child conflict increased and closeness decreased some with age. Pubertal timing and tempo were more consistently associated with lability in parent–child relationships than with long‐term trends, although faster tempo was associated with steeper decreases in parent–child closeness. Findings provide a platform for examining how puberty contributes to both long‐term and transient changes in adolescents' relationships and adjustment.
Latino Students' Transition to Middle School: Role of Bilingual Education and School Ethnic Context
Authors: Hughes Jan N. , Im MyungHee , Kwok Oi‐man , Cham Heining , West Steven G. 
Published: April 2014

Participants were 204 academically at‐risk Latino students recruited into a study when in first grade and followed for 9 years. Using piecewise latent growth curve analyses, we investigated trajectories of teacher‐rated behavioral engagement and student‐reported school belonging during elementary school and middle school and the association between trajectories and enrollment in bilingual education classes in elementary school and a change in school ethnic congruence across the transition to middle school. Overall, students experienced a drop in school belonging and behavioral engagement across the transition. A moderating effect of ethnic congruence on bilingual enrollment was found. A decline in ethnic congruence was associated with more positive trajectories for students previously enrolled in bilingual classes but more negative trajectories for nonbilingual students.
Purification and culture characteristics of 36 benthic marine diatoms isolated from the Solthörn tidal flat (Southern North Sea)
Authors: Scholz Bettina 
Published: April 2014

Marine benthic diatoms growing in biofilms on sediment surfaces generally occur associated with heterotrophic bacteria, whereas modern molecular techniques and analyses of species‐specific physiology create a demand for axenic cultures. Numerous benthic diatoms were isolated from surface sediments during a monitoring of the Solthörn tidal flat (southern North Sea, Germany) from May 2008 to May 2009. Of these, around 50% could be purified from the accompanying heterotrophic bacteria using different antibiotics combined with physical separation methods (vortexing, ultrasound). Overall, seven different antibiotics were tested at different concentrations, and a best working protocol was developed. The axenic strains were stable on average for only around 15 months, indicating a symbiotic interaction between the benthic diatoms and the associated bacteria. While most short‐term effects during the purification process were restricted to differences in growth rates among xenic and axenic diatom strains, long‐term cultivation led to distinct changes in cell volumes and growth characteristics of the axenic strains.
Better Safe than Sorry? The Effects of Income Risk and Unemployment Risk on Wages
Authors: Nagl Wolfgang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the effects of income risk and unemployment risk on individual wages simultaneously. Starting point for the empirical analysis is a portfolio model for the labor market. This model shows positive wage effects for both risks but also a negative interaction effect. Using German administrative panel data we estimate the effects of the income risk, the unemployment risk and their interaction on individual wages separately for men and women in East and West Germany. We find the expected positive wage effects for both risks as well as a negative interaction effect. The marginal effect of income risk on wages is positive, whereas the marginal effect of unemployment risk is negative.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection predicts de novo hepatitis B infection in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis after liver transplantation
Authors: Xie Man , Rao Wei , Yang Tao , Deng Yonglin , Zheng Hong , Pan Cheng , Liu Yihe , Shen Zhongyang , Jia Jidong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsOccult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is a suspected source of de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after LT. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI in liver transplant recipients with alcoholic cirrhosis and demonstrate the association between OBI and de novo HBV infection after LT in these patients.MethodsForty‐three patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were negative for HBsAg before LT were recruited in this retrospective study. DNA was extracted from paraffin‐embedded native liver tissues and quantified for HBV DNA by real‐time PCR. Correlation between de novo HBV infection after LT (positive HBsAg and/or detectable HBV DNA in serum) and detection of intrahepatic HBV DNA before LT was analysed.ResultsDetectable HBV DNA in the explanted liver was found in 41.9% (18/43) of the patients and was thus defined as OBI, which was correlated with the presence of serum hepatitis B core antibody (P = 0.008). De novo HBV infection occurred in 18.6% (8/43) of the recipients at a median of 10 months after LT. The rate of de novo HBV infection was 38.9% (7/18) in patients with OBI, compared with 4% (1/25) in patients without OBI (P = 0.004). Furthermore, de novo HBV infection was inversely correlated with the presence of hepatitis B surface antibody in recipients with OBI (P = 0.026).ConclusionWith a prevalence of 41.9% in liver transplant recipients with alcoholic cirrhosis, OBI in the native liver can predict de novo HBV infection after LT.
Detailed investigation of ongoing subclinical hepatitis E virus infections; occurring in outbreak settings of North India
Authors: Majumdar Manasi , Singh Mini P. , Goyal Kapil , Chawla Yogesh , Ratho Radha K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsEvery year globally WHO reports 20 million Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections. The disease occurs as sporadic cases or focused outbreaks and has potentials to cause massive epidemics. The reservoir of HEV during inter‐epidemic period is not well characterized. The sporadic cases usually lack history of contact with clinically overt HEV patients. In the present context we evaluated the occurrence of subclinical HEV as a possible reservoir in endemic region.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 67 apparently healthy individuals and 10 acute viral hepatitis (AVH) patients during two HEV outbreaks in North India. The serum samples were tested for anti‐HEV IgM, IgG, HEV‐IgG avidity index, HEV viral load and conventional‐PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsA total of 14 (20.89%) apparently healthy individuals showed the presence of anti‐HEV IgM and IgG. Of 14 based on HEV‐IgG avidity index, 9 (64.28%) had secondary‐exposure, 4 (28.57%) had primary exposure, while one patient had intermediate avidity. Subclinical subjects with primary exposure had significantly higher anti‐HEV IgM index as compared to secondary‐exposure (P = 0.0028). Viral load in clinically jaundiced patients was significantly higher as compared to subclinical subjects (P < 0.0001). Phylogenetic analysis showed HEV sequences retrieved from subclinical individuals clustered along with AVH patients, suggesting matched source. The significantly low viral load in subclinical subjects hints towards the dose dependency for progression of clinical manifestation.ConclusionWe document subclinical HEV with low level viremia occurs during outbreak settings and goes un‐noticed, which helps maintaining the virus in nature possibly leading to its endemicity.
The burden of alcoholism in fifteen years of cirrhosis hospital admissions in Portugal
Authors: Marinho Rui T. , Duarte Henrique , Gíria José , Nunes Joana , Ferreira Alexandre , Velosa José 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsDeploying a longitudinal perspective, we observe how cirrhosis caused mortality rates in Portugal are converging with the levels reported in the European Union (15 countries). However, we still lack analysis of the burden of alcoholic cirrhosis in terms of hospital admissions and associated mortality. As Portugal may be considered a paradigmatic case in Europe, our aim was to characterize the evolution of hospital admissions for alcoholic cirrhosis between 1993 and 2008 and draw conclusions for other countries.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the hepatic cirrhosis admissions in 97 Portuguese state hospitals was carried out based on the National Registry.ResultsWe report a convergence in terms of mortality rates resulting from cirrhosis between Portugal and European Union (a differential of 6.7 deaths per 100 000 habitants in 1994 to 0.4 in 2008). We accounted for 81 543 hospital admissions for cirrhosis: 84% for alcoholic cirrhosis and 16% for non‐alcoholic cirrhosis. Hospital admissions have increased 29% in men and with no increase in women. In the male, alcoholic cirrhosis patient group aged between 40 and 54, the rise in hospital admissions was more pronounced with an increase of around 45%. These patients underwent longer lengths of stay and reported higher mortality rates and passing away 20 years earlier than the average national expectancy of life.ConclusionsThese data draw attention to the burden of alcohol consumption not only in Portugal but also in other countries and its impacts on hospital systems and on policy making.