bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for Equine Preantral Follicles Isolation: Quantitative Aspects
Authors: Leonel ECR , Bento‐Silva V , Ambrozio KS , Luna HS , Costa e Silva EV , Zúccari CESN 
Published: October 2013

ContentsThe aim of this study was to test the use of mechanical and mechanical‐enzymatic methods, saline solution (SS), and PBS solution for the manipulation and isolation of mare ovarian preantral follicles (PAFs). The ovaries were subjected to mechanical isolation (mixer) alone or in association with enzymatic digestion (collagenase). Incubation times of 10 and 20 min were employed. In the first group, 4.1 ± 4.9 PAFs were harvested with the mechanical‐enzymatic method vs 71.1 ± 19.2 with the mechanical procedure, showing a significant difference between methods; using SS and PBS, these numbers were 35.7 ± 34.3 and 39.6 ± 39.6, respectively, with no significant difference between solutions. In the second group, there was significant difference between methods, with 7.1 ± 10.6 follicles harvested with the mechanical‐enzymatic method vs 63.2 ± 22.9 with the mechanical procedure; using SS and PBS, means were 35.5 ± 36.4 and 34.9 ± 31.1, respectively. The mechanical method proved more effective than the mechanical‐enzymatic approach. Both SS and PBS can be used as a media for equine PAFs preparation.
Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia in HIV‐positive subjects after liver transplantation
Authors: Gregg K.S. , Barin B. , Pitrak D. , Ramaprasad C. , Pursell K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionAs more solid organ transplantations are performed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), post‐transplant complications in this population are becoming better defined.MethodsUsing serum samples from the Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV: Multi‐Site Study, we studied the epidemiology of acquired hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) after liver transplantation (LT) in 79 HIV‐infected individuals with a median CD4 count at enrollment of 288 (interquartile range 200–423) cells/μL. Quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels before and after LT were measured, with moderate and severe HGG defined as IgG 350–500 mg/dL and <350 mg/dL, respectively. Incidence, risk factors, and associated outcomes of moderate or worse HGG were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier estimator and proportional hazards (PH) models.ResultsThe 1‐year cumulative incidence of moderate or worse HGG was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6–22%); no new cases were observed between years 1 and 2. In a multivariate PH model, higher pre‐transplant model for end‐stage liver disease score (P = 0.04) and treated acute rejection (P = 0.04) were both identified as significant predictors of moderate or worse HGG. There was a strong association of IgG levels <500 mg/dL with non‐opportunistic serious infection (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 3.5 [1.1–10.6]; P = 0.03) and mortality (3.2 [1.1–9.4]; P = 0.04). These associations held after adjustment for important determinants of infection and survival among the entire cohort.ConclusionThese results suggest that a proportion of HIV‐positive LT recipients will develop clinically significant HGG after transplantation.
Loss‐of‐function of OsSTN8 suppresses the photosystem II core protein phosphorylation and interferes with the photosystem II repair mechanism in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Nath Krishna , Poudyal Roshan Sharma , Eom Joon‐Seob , Park Yu Shin , Zulfugarov Ismayil S. , Mishra Sujata R. , Tovuu Altanzaya , Ryoo Nayeoon , Yoon Ho‐Sung , Nam Hong Gil , An Gynheung , Jeon Jong‐Seong , Lee Choon‐Hwan 
Published: October 2013

SummarySTN8 kinase is involved in photosystem II (PSII) core protein phosphorylation (PCPP). To examine the role of PCPP in PSII repair during high light (HL) illumination, we characterized a T–DNA insertional knockout mutant of the rice (Oryza sativa) STN8 gene. In this osstn8 mutant, PCPP was significantly suppressed, and the grana were thin and elongated. Upon HL illumination, PSII was strongly inactivated in the mutants, but the D1 protein was degraded more slowly than in wild‐type, and mobilization of the PSII supercomplexes from the grana to the stromal lamellae for repair was also suppressed. In addition, higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species and preferential oxidation of PSII reaction center core proteins in thylakoid membranes were observed in the mutants during HL illumination. Taken together, our current data show that the absence of STN8 is sufficient to abolish PCPP in osstn8 mutants and to produce all of the phenotypes observed in the double mutant of Arabidopsis, indicating the essential role of STN8‐mediated PCPP in PSII repair.
Respiratory arrest following ingestion of wild mushrooms in 3 dogs (2006–2011)
Authors: Brandin Anna C. , Meola Stacy D. , Mazzaferro Elisa M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical course, treatment, and outcome of 3 dogs with respiratory arrest following mushroom ingestion.Case Series SummaryThree dogs were presented for mushroom toxicosis that developed respiratory arrest. Two of the dogs were treated with diazepam just prior to the development of respiratory arrest; 1 dog received no medications prior to respiratory arrest. Of the 3 dogs, 1 was euthanized and the remaining 2 recovered fully with assisted and mechanical ventilation.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first documentation of respiratory arrest associated with mushroom toxicosis in dogs.
Emergency visits and occupational hazards inGermanShepherd police dogs (2008–2010)
Authors: Parr Joanna R. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the most common reasons for emergency medical visits in working police dogs.DesignRetrospective case control study.AnimalsTwo hundred threeGermanShepherd dogs (GSDs); 138 police dog visits by 74 dogs and 138 pet (control) dog visits by 129 dogs.ProceduresMedical records of allGSDs seen in the emergency service (ES) at theUniversity ofPennsylvaniaVeterinaryHospital from July 2008 to July 2010 were reviewed. The recorded diagnoses from policeGSD ESvisits (defined as a new problem or new episode of a recurrent problem) were compared to those of randomly chosen petGSD ESvisits.ResultsThere were significantly more intact male policeGSDs than petGSDs. PoliceGSDs were significantly younger than petGSDs. The most common presenting complaint in both groups was gastrointestinal disease (eg, vomiting, diarrhea, gastric dilatation and volvulus). PetGSDs were significantly more likely to present for geriatric conditions (eg, central nervous system disease, cardiovascular disease, and neoplastic conditions). Orthopedic issues were significantly more common in policeGSDs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePoliceGSDs are more likely to present for orthopedic injuries and less likely to present for geriatric diseases. Gastrointestinal disease is not unique to the workingGSDand was equally represented in both populations. Preventative measures for allGSDs should focus on minimizing gastrointestinal disease. Preventive strategies focusing on physical fitness and conditioning as well as selective breeding programs may help reduce orthopedic injuries in policeGSDs.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of Ejected Cartridge Case Patterns for the Reconstruction of Firearms-Related Incidents
Authors: Knox Michael A. 
Published: October 2013

Firearms-related incidents present an important area of study for forensic engineers. Analysis of bullet trajectories, examination of firearms failures, and the study of wound dynamics and projectile injuries are some of the topics to which the forensic engineer can offer valuable knowledge and insight for the purpose of reconstructing a shooting incident in a forensic context.
One specific topic of study that forensic engineers engaging in the reconstruction of firearms-related incidents should clearly understand is the nature and distribution of ejected cartridge case patterns left at a crime scene after the discharge of semi-automatic firearms. While studies have been conducted into the effects that firearm design, ammunition, grip, stance, and movement have on the distribution of ejected cartridge cases, few, if any, of these studies have involved any type of engineering analysis.
This paper will address the nature of engineering analysis applicable to the distribution of ejected cartridge cases at a crime scene by specifically addressing mechanical issues related to the design and maintenance of the firearm itself, the flight characteristics of ejected cartridge cases, and the restitution of cartridge cases that collide with intermediary objects.
Experimental results will be presented, and testing methodologies will be discussed. Methods for simulating cartridge case ejection patterns based on testing data using Monte Carlo methods will be covered. Application of testing data and simulation to actual casework will be demonstrated.
Preserving Passenger Comfort Through RWI Analysis
Authors: Colino Mark P. , Rosenstein Elena B. 
Published: October 2013

The air conditioning systems designed for passenger rail cars typically exchange heat with the outside air environment; when the trains operate within tunnels, the effectiveness of the air conditioning systems may diminish if the tunnel is too warm. Therefore, one of the traditional activation modes associated with rail tunnel ventilation systems is summertime cooling — for the purpose of maintaining onboard passenger comfort. However, summertime cooling modes can be problematic from the standpoints of fan operating pressure (i.e. an opposing air pressure is created whenever trains approach ventilation shafts), energy consumption and emergency preparedness (i.e. fans operating in the wrong direction when a fire is detected).
In this paper, the thermal comfort of rail transportation passengers was studied in detail using the Relative Warmth Index (RWI) analyses to determine if the combination of: warm outdoor weather, the tunnel heat-sink effect, the rail coach design air temperature and typical commuting scenarios necessitated running the tunnel fans in a summertime cooling mode to preserve passenger comfort. If the summertime cooling mode could be eliminated, or even minimized, the tunnel ventilation usage/operating costs would be reduced, the fans would have a longer service life and the system would have greater overall availability for emergency events.
Integration Between Gas Turbines and Concentrated Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants
Authors: Cipollone Roberto , Cinocca Andrea 
Published: October 2013

Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power plants (PT-CSP) technology has the capability to give, in the mean future, a strong contribution to the electrical energy generation. In the long term, inside a new framework of relationships concerning energy production, many aspects would justify a significant contribution to the phase out of fossil sources use.
The paper concerns about a theoretical modeling aimed at improving the performances of CSP which approaches the energy generation from a system point of view. Thanks to it, the attention is focused on the use of gases as heat transfer fluid inside the solar receivers and on the possibility to use it as working fluid inside unconventional gas turbines for a direct electricity generation.
The success of this concept is related to the possibility to increase the fluid temperature above the actual maximum values: this requires that the receiver efficiency has to be recalculated as a function of the fluid temperature.
An innovative integration between the solar field and the gas turbine power plant, modified in order to maximize thermal energy conversion, is discussed.
Analysis of Transient Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluids in Circular Channels
Authors: Sert İsmail Ozan , Sezer-Uzol Nilay , Kakac Sadik 
Published: October 2013

In this study, forced convection heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are investigated by numerical analysis of incompressible transient laminar flow in a circular duct under step change in wall temperature and wall heat flux. The thermal responses of the system are obtained by solving energy equation under both transient and steady-state conditions for hydrodynamically fully developed flow. In the analyses, temperature dependent thermo-physical properties are also considered. In the numerical analysis, Al2O3/water nanofluid is assumed as a homogenous single-phase fluid. For the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids, Hamilton-Crosser model is used together with a model for Brownian motion in the analysis which takes the effects of temperature and the particle diameter into account.
Temperature distributions across the tube for a step jump of wall temperature and also wall heat flux are obtained for various times during the transient calculations at a given location for a constant value of Peclet number and a particle diameter. Variations of thermal conductivity in turn, heat transfer enhancement is obtained at various times as a function of nanoparticle volume fractions, at a given nanoparticle diameter and Peclet number. The results are given under transient and steady-state conditions; steady-state conditions are obtained at larger times and enhancements are found by comparison to the base fluid heat transfer coefficient under the same conditions.
Modeling and Analysis of Solar Radiation Potentials on Building Rooftops
Authors: Omitaomu O. A. , Kodysh J. B. , Bhaduri B. L. 
Published: October 2013

The active application of photovoltaic for electricity generation could effectively transform neighborhoods and commercial districts into small, localized power plants. This application, however, relies heavily on an accurate estimation of the amount of solar radiation that is available on individual building rooftops. While many solar energy maps exist at higher spatial resolution for concentrated solar energy applications, the data from these maps are not suitable for roof-mounted photovoltaic for several reasons, including lack of data at the appropriate spatial resolution and lack of integration of building-specific characteristics into the models used to generate the maps.
To address this problem, we have developed a modeling framework for estimating solar radiation potentials on individual building rooftops that is suitable for utility-scale applications as well as building-specific applications. The framework uses light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data at approximately 1-meter horizontal resolution and 0.3-meter vertical resolution as input for modeling a large number of buildings quickly. One of the strengths of this framework is the ability to parallelize its implementation. Furthermore, the framework accounts for building specific characteristics, such as roof slope, roof aspect, and shadowing effects, that are critical to roof-mounted photovoltaic systems. The resulting data has helped us to identify the so-called “solar panel sweet spots” on individual building rooftops and obtain accurate statistics of the variation in solar radiation as a function of time of year and geographical location.
International and Multidisciplinary Experiences in Engineering Courses at UNAM
Authors: Borja Vicente , Ramírez-Reivich Alejandro , López-Parra Marcelo , Treviño Arizmendi Arturo , Equihua Zamora Luis F. 
Published: October 2013

A team of faculty members from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) has coordinated multidisciplinary courses in collaboration with universities from other countries. The team, who is composed by faculty from the School of Engineering and the School of Architecture, coordinates with pairs of Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the Technical University of Munich; to teach three particular design courses.
All three courses are related to product innovation but they have different emphasis depending on the collaborating partner. The focal points of each of the three courses are: (1) innovation, (2) user centered design and sustainability and (3) transport in megacities of the future.
Engineering and industrial design students are involved in the courses. They are organized in teams that include participants from the two collaborating universities. During the courses teams carry out projects working mostly at a distance; they use different means of communication and information sharing and also pay reciprocal visits between the universities involved in the collaboration.
This paper describes each of the three courses highlighting their particular characteristics. The outcomes and results of the courses and specific projects are commented. In the end of the paper lessons learned are discussed and final remarks are presented.
Developing Resource Consumption Insights From Campus-Scale Water Monitoring Infrastructures
Authors: Lyon Geoff , Shah Amip , McReynolds Alan 
Published: October 2013

Water consumption at many commercial campuses is a significant portion of resource expenditure, often with limited or no visibility into the individual branch or point of use locations, all of which summate to provide utility based reporting and invoicing, mostly on a monthly basis.
In this paper, we present a case study where a commercial campus’ water distribution system is being instrumented to obtain a more granular measure of water usage. Measurement granularity is improved both in the time domain, transitioning from monthly to hourly or more frequent reporting, and in the spatial domain with all major end loads and significant branch loads being classified or monitored. Specifically, additional instrumentation is deployed in two distinct phases. The first phase added wireless transducers to the existing utility installed mechanical meters, enabling them to transmit consumption data every quarter hour. The second phase will instrument existing branch flow meters and also insert new flow meters to certain end-point loads and sub-branches. This will enable point or clustered data polling on the order of every few seconds. We also obtain additional information by polling an existing HVAC building management system for water related points of interest.
We find that the collection and storage of granular water consumption information has the potential to create a detailed demand-side mapping of water usage on campus; providing data with significantly shortened time periods compared to the use of utility billing alone. We use this information to obtain hourly and daily consumption summaries at the site level and for specific end-load devices. From these results, we have created a hybrid consumption estimation of water consumption at the campus level, which contains a mixture of surveyed estimations and dynamic readings. This model provides improved accuracy and insights when compared to static site survey estimations. Due to the age and complexity of the site, primarily a result of numerous engineering changes over the site’s 60 year lifespan and a lack of detailed historical documentation, further work is ongoing to determine which additional endpoint loads or branched sub-sections we will instrument. We plan to use these additional data points to refine our water distribution model; hoping to accurately map individual buildings, floors and functional areas over time.
At present, our site level instrumentation has been beneficial in revealing a number of insights regarding unexpected consumption events, most of which were attributed to scheduled maintenance activities. The ongoing monitoring of individual end-point loads has also highlighted areas of significant demand, which could be prioritized for conservation initiatives, and has shown where systemic adjustments could reduce demand peaking and flatten the flow requirements our campus places on the supplying utility.
Office of the Future: Advanced Lighting Control Strategies
Authors: James Brian , Delaney Paul , Avery Doug 
Published: October 2013

The Office of the Future (OTF) program is a new energy efficiency approach supported by a consortium of some of the nation’s largest and most progressive energy utilities. OTF targets existing multi-tenant commercial office buildings with packages of advanced energy efficiency strategies that can be applied at the tenant level for building owners. The overall goal is to assemble technical guidelines to office renovation projects that specify performance requirements for different attributes of the office (lighting, plug loads, etc.) and whole building that result in 25% and 50% savings better than code.
Three pilot projects were conducted:
1. Executive office space
2. Open area office space
3. Office space with five private offices, a conference room, lobby, kitchen, and corridor
The executive offices provided an opportunity to measure energy use in a 1,360 square-meters (m2) office and to undertake a relighting project that met the architectural, aesthetic, and functional demands of the space while employing current energy-efficient products and design techniques.
The open area office space consisted of 745 m2 of primarily cubicle office space — half of the 12th floor of a federal building in Santa Monica, CA. The project was highly representative of the challenges and complications faced in retrofit projects in everyday office buildings.
The office space with private offices involved renovating the lighting and lighting controls in a 147 m2 office space in the 41,156 m2 building, and summarized the performance of the lighting design in accordance with the OTF Technical Guidelines. In addition, this project included details regarding the pre- and post-lighting systems and controls, compares the actual metered power and energy performance of the 2008 Title 24 code baseline, presents the code calculation basis, and reveals some of the complexities associated with this approach.
These pilot projects had three primary goals: 1) examine the performance characteristics of highly-controlled lighting systems in a real office environment compared to existing lighting and applicable codes, 2) monitor plug load energy use, and 3) provide measured and technical data back to OTF consortium members to inform the OTF process.
The measured results of the open area office space project revealed that a high-performance lighting design with controls delivers savings considerably beyond code-calculated estimates. In fact, results show that during daytime occupied hours, the average site usage is 43% less power than code calculations. The new system reduced the connected load by 56%. Similar results were found for the other two pilot projects.