bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep duration, chronotype, health and lifestyle factors affect cognition: a UK Biobank cross-sectional study
Authors: West Raha , Wong Ryan Tak Chun , Park Ji-Eun , Lee Si Woo , Ekanayake Mudiyanselage Dinayinie , Liu Zhigang , Ma Daqing 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the nuanced relationship between sleep patterns, chronotype, quality and the influence of health and lifestyle factors on cognitive performance.Design, setting, participantsThis cross-sectional analysis used ordinary least squares regression within the UK Biobank database, assessing 26 820 participants aged 53–86 years, categorised into two cohorts: Cohort 1 (10 067 participants, 56% female; completed all four cognitive tests of Fluid Intelligence/reasoning, Pairs Matching, Reaction Time and Prospective Memory) and Cohort 2 (16 753 participants, 56% female; completed only two cognitive assessments of Pairs Matching and Reaction Time).ExposuresParticipant’s self-reported sleep duration, chronotype and quality. Cognitive function was assessed through standardised computerised tests. The analysis was adjusted for demographic and comorbidity covariates.Main outcomes and measuresCognitive performance scores were evaluated against sleep parameters and health and lifestyle factors including sex, age, vascular and cardiac conditions, diabetes, alcohol intake, smoking habits and body mass index.ResultsThe regression highlighted a positive association between normal sleep duration (7–9 hours) and cognitive scores in Cohort 1 (β=0.0567, 95% CI 0.0284 to 0.0851), while extended sleep duration negatively impacted scores across both cohorts (Cohort 1: β=−0.188, 95% CI −0.2938 to −0.0822; Cohort 2: β=−0.2619, 95% CI −0.3755 to −0.1482). Chronotype distinctions, particularly intermediate and evening types, were linked to superior cognitive function. Gender, age, angina, high blood pressure, diabetes, alcohol intake and smoking emerged as significant cognitive influencers.Conclusions and relevanceThe study delineates a multifaceted and nuanced relationship between sleep variables, health and lifestyle factors in determining cognitive outcomes. These findings highlight the vital role of sleep quality on cognitive health.
Patient and caregiver perspectives on causes and prevention of ambulatory adverse events: multilingual qualitative study
Authors: Sharma Anjana E , Tran Amber S , Dy Marika , Najmabadi Adriana L. , Olazo Kristan , Huang Beatrice , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: July 2024

ContextAmbulatory adverse events (AEs) affect up to 25% of the global population and cause over 7 million preventable hospital admissions around the world. Though patients and caregivers are key actors in promoting and monitoring their own ambulatory safety, healthcare teams do not traditionally partner with patients in safety efforts. We sought to identify what patients and caregivers contribute when engaged in ambulatory AE review, focusing on under-resourced care settings.MethodsWe recruited adult patients, caregivers and patient advisors who spoke English, Spanish and/or Cantonese, from primary care clinics affiliated with a public health network in the USA. All had experience taking or managing a high-risk medication (blood thinners, insulin or opioid). We presented two exemplar ambulatory AEs: one involving a warfarin drug-drug interaction, and one involving delayed diagnosis of colon cancer. We conducted semistructured focus groups and interviews to elicit participants’ perceptions of causal factors and potential preventative measures for similar AEs. The study team conducted a mixed inductive-deductive qualitative analysis to derive major themes.FindingsThe sample included 6 English-speaking patients (2 in the focus group, 4 individual interviews), 6 Spanish-speaking patients (individual interviews), 4 Cantonese-speaking patients (2 in the focus group, 2 interviews), and 6 English-speaking patient advisors (focus group). Themes included: (1) Patients and teams have specific safety responsibilities; (2) Proactive communication drives safe ambulatory care; (3) Barriers related to limited resources contribute to ambulatory AEs. Patients and caregivers offered ideas for operational changes that could drive new safety projects.ConclusionsAn ethnically and linguistically diverse group of primary care patients and caregivers defined their agency in ensuring ambulatory safety and offered pragmatic ideas to prevent AEs they did not directly experience. Patients and caregivers in a safety net health system can feasibly participate in AE review to ensure that safety initiatives include their valuable perspectives.
Investigating a novel population health management system to increase access to healthcare for children: a nested cross-sectional study within a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cecil Elizabeth , Forman Julia , Newham James , Hu Nan , Lingam Raghu , Wolfe Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundEarly intervention for unmet needs is essential to improve health. Clear inequalities in healthcare use and outcomes exist. The Children and Young People’s Health Partnership (CYPHP) model of care uses population health management methods to (1) identify and proactively reach children with asthma, eczema and constipation (tracer conditions); (2) engage these families, with CYPHP, by sending invitations to complete an online biopsychosocial Healthcheck Questionnaire; and (3) offer early intervention care to those children found to have unmet health needs. We aimed to understand this model’s effectiveness to improve equitable access to care.MethodsWe used primary care and CYPHP service-linked records and applied the same methods as the CYPHP’s population health management process to identify children aged <16 years with a tracer condition between 1 April 2018 and 30 August 2020, those who engaged by completing a Healthcheck and those who received early intervention care. We applied multiple imputation with multilevel logistic regression, clustered by general practitioner (GP) practice, to investigate the association of deprivation and ethnicity, with children’s engagement and receiving care.ResultsAmong 129 412 children, registered with 70 GP practices, 15% (19 773) had a tracer condition and 24% (4719) engaged with CYPHP’s population health management system. Children in the most deprived, compared with least deprived communities, had 26% lower odds of engagement (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87). Children of Asian or black ethnicity had 31% lower odds of engaging, compared with white children (0.69 (0.59 to 0.81) and 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76), respectively). However, once engaged with the population health management system, black children had 43% higher odds of receiving care, compared with white children (1.43 (1.15 to 1.78)), and children from the most compared with least deprived communities had 50% higher odds of receiving care (1.50 (1.01 to 2.22)).ConclusionDetection of unmet needs is possible using population health management methods and increases access to care for children from priority populations with the highest needs. Further health system strengthening is needed to improve engagement and enhance proportionate universalist access to healthcare.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03461848).
Futile recanalization in patients with basilar artery occlusion: assessment of the underlying etiology and the role of perfusion imaging
Authors: Baik Sung Hyun , Jung Cheolkyu , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundFutile recanalization (FR) after endovascular therapy (EVT) is common in basilar artery occlusion (BAO). The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of FR in the posterior circulation with an emphasis on the role of perfusion imaging and its relation to the underlying etiology.MethodsWe included BAO patients who had pretreatment perfusion imaging and successful recanalization after EVT. Patients were dichotomized into futile and non-futile groups according to the favorable functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–3). Perfusion abnormalities were assessed using an automated software for Tmax volume measurement and identification of hypoperfusion area based on Tmax>6 s involvement of the pons-midbrain-thalamus (PMT), cerebellum, and temporo-occipital lobe.ResultsOf the 134 enrolled patients, the incidence of FR was 47.8% (64/134). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.066; 95% CI 1.011 to 1.125), a longer onset-to-recanalization time (aOR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001 to 1.004), incomplete recanalization (aOR 3.909; 95% CI 1.498 to 10.200), and PMT hypoperfusion (aOR 4.444; 95% CI 1.203 to 16.415) were independent predictors of FR. In patients with embolic occlusion of etiology, PMT hypoperfusion was associated with FR (aOR 8.379; 95% CI 1.377 to 50.994), whereas intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)-related occlusion was not (p=0.587).ConclusionsIn patients with BAO, the likelihood of FR is associated with PMT hypoperfusion on pretreatment perfusion imaging. In particular, PMT hypoperfusion may be used as an imaging predictor of FR in patients with embolic cause of BAO.
Leptogenesis and dark matter in minimal inverse seesaw using $$A_4$$ modular symmetry
Authors: Gogoi Jotin , Sarma Lavina , Das Mrinal Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we have studied neutrino masses and mixings by adding a scalar triplet $$\eta $$
η
to the particle content of minimal Inverse seesaw. We have realised this extension of minimal inverse seesaw with the help of a level 3 modular group, $$\Gamma (3)$$

Γ
(
3
)

. This group is isomorphic to non-abelian discrete symmetry group $$A_4$$

A
4

. We have also used $$Z_3$$

Z
3

symmetry group to restrain certain interaction terms in the lagrangian of the model. We have studied baryon asymmetry of the universe, neutrinoless double-beta decay and dark matter in our work. In order to check the consistency of our model with various experimental constraints, we have therefore calculated effective mass, relic density and baryogenesis via leptogenesis. Interestingly, we have found our model quite compatible with the experimental bounds and is also successful in producing the neutrino masses and mixings in the 3$$\sigma $$
σ
range.
Cycling into the workshop: e-bike and m-bike mobility patterns for predictive maintenance in Barcelona’s bike-sharing system
Authors: Grau-Escolano Jordi , Bassolas Aleix , Vicens Julian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBike-sharing systems have emerged as a significant element of urban mobility, providing an environmentally friendly transportation alternative. With the increasing integration of electric bikes alongside mechanical bikes, it is crucial to illuminate distinct usage patterns and their impact on maintenance. Accordingly, this research aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of mobility dynamics, distinguishing between different mobility modes, and introducing a novel predictive maintenance system tailored for bikes. By utilising a combination of trip information and maintenance data from Barcelona’s bike-sharing system, Bicing, this study conducts an extensive analysis of mobility patterns and their relationship to failures of bike components. To accurately predict maintenance needs for essential bike parts, this research delves into various mobility metrics and applies statistical and machine learning survival models, including deep learning models. Due to their complexity, and with the objective of bolstering confidence in the system’s predictions, interpretability techniques explain the main predictors of maintenance needs. The analysis reveals marked differences in the usage patterns of mechanical bikes and electric bikes, with a growing user preference for the latter despite their extra costs. These differences in mobility were found to have a considerable impact on the maintenance needs within the bike-sharing system. Moreover, the predictive maintenance models proved effective in forecasting these maintenance needs, capable of operating across an entire bike fleet. Despite challenges such as approximated bike usage metrics and data imbalances, the study successfully showcases the feasibility of an accurate predictive maintenance system capable of improving operational costs, bike availability, and security.
On fractional Pennes bio-heat equation using Legendre collocation method
Authors: Mishra Arvind Kumar , Kumar Sushil , Shukla Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the distribution of heat in skin tissue during thermal treatment using the time-fractional Pennes model is studied. Temperature variations concerning several parameters such as derivative [Formula: see text] time, blood perfusion, and transmitted power are described using the Legendre collocation technique. The best feature of the proposed technique is the conversion of fractional-order differential equations into a set of algebraic systems and the ability to approximate both spatial and temporal coordinates with a single basis. The obtained results and comparison with an exact solution are illustrated.
Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization among Kidney Transplant Recipients, 2001 to 2018
Authors: Hsu Christine D. , Yu Xiaoying , Guo Fangjian , Adekanmbi Victor , Kuo Yong-Fang , Westra Jordan , Berenson Abbey B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) have elevated risks of cervical precancers and cancers and guidelines recommend more frequent cervical cancer screening exams. However, little is known about current trends in cervical cancer screening in this unique population. We described patterns in the uptake of cervical cancer screening exams among female KTRs and identified factors associated with screening utilization.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included female KTRs between 20 and 65 years old, with Texas Medicare fee-for-service coverage, who received a transplant between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2017. We determined the cumulative incidence of receiving cervical cancer screening post-transplant using ICD-9, ICD-10, and CPT codes and assessed factors associated with screening utilization, using the Fine and Gray model to account for competing events. Subdistribution hazard models were used to assess factors associated with screening uptake.

Results:
Among 2,653 KTRs meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative incidences of initiating a cervical cancer screening exam post-transplant were 31.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 30.0%–33.6%], 48.0% (95% CI, 46.2%–49.9%), and 58.5% (95% CI, 56.7%–60.3%), respectively. KTRs who were 55 to 64 years old (vs. &lt;45 years old) and those with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Score post-transplant were less likely to receive cervical cancer screening post-transplant.

Conclusions:
Cervical cancer screening uptake is low in the years immediately following a kidney transplant.

Impact:
Our findings highlight a need for interventions to improve cervical cancer screening utilization among kidney transplant recipients.
See related In the Spotlight, p. 1554
Differences in the Prognostic Role of Age, Extent of Resection, and Tumor Grade between Astrocytoma IDHmt and Oligodendroglioma: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: van der Vaart Thijs , Wijnenga Maarten M.J. , van Garderen Karin , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , French Pim J. , Smits Marion , Dirven Clemens M.F. , Kros Johan M. , Vincent Arnaud J.P.E. , van den Bent Martin J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
IDH-mutant glioma is classified as oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma based on 1p19q-codeletion. Whether prognostic factors are similar between these tumor types is not well understood.

Experimental Design:
Retrospective cohort study. Molecular characterization was performed with targeted next-generation sequencing. Tumor volumes were calculated using semiautomatic 3D segmentation on all pre- and post-operative MRI scans. Overall survival was assessed with the Cox-proportional hazards model.

Results:
A total of 383 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-mutant glioma were followed up for a median of 7.2 years. Grades 3 and 4 patients had significantly lower Karnofsky performance, with tumors having more contrast enhancement. Patients also received more aggressive postsurgery treatment. Postoperative tumor volume is significantly and independently associated with survival (HR, per cm3 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.39) in IDH-mutant glioma. A separate analysis of oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma showed a significant association of postoperative tumor volume in astrocytoma but not in oligodendroglioma. Higher age and histologic tumor grade were associated with worse survival in patients with oligodendroglioma but not with astrocytoma.

Conclusions:
Our data support an initial strategy of extensive resection in patients with oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma. Other important prognostic factors differ between these tumor types, urging researchers and clinicians to keep treating these tumors as separate entities.
Circulating Tumor DNA Assessment for Treatment Monitoring Adds Value to PSA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sweeney Christopher J. , Petry Russell , Xu Chang , Childress Merrida , He Jie , Fabrizio David , Gjoerup Ole , Morley Samantha , Catlett Timothy , Assaf Zoe J. , Yuen Kobe , Wongchenko Matthew , Shah Kalpit , Gupta Pratyush , Hegde Priti , Pasquina Lincoln W. , Mariathasan Sanjeev , Graf Ryon P. , Powles Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Enzalutamide after abiraterone progression is commonly used in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer despite a low rate of clinical benefit. Analyzing IMbassador250, a phase III trial assessing enzalutamide with or without atezolizumab after abiraterone, we hypothesized that baseline and early changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) tumor fraction (TF) may identify patients more likely to exhibit survival benefit from enzalutamide.

Experimental Design:
ctDNA was quantified from plasma samples using a tissue-agnostic assay without buffy coat sequencing. Baseline ctDNA TF, changes in ctDNA TF from baseline to cycle 3 day 1 (C3D1), and detection at C3D1 alone were compared with overall response rate, radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), median OS (mOS), and 50% reduction in PSA.

Results:
ctDNA TF detection at baseline and/or C3D1 was associated with shorter rPFS and OS in 494 evaluable patients. Detection of ctDNA TF at C3D1, with or without detection at cycle 1 day 1, was associated with worse rPFS and mOS than lack of detection. When ctDNA TF and PSA response at C3D1 were discordant, patients with (ctDNA TF undetected/PSA not reduced) had more favorable outcomes than (ctDNA TF detected/PSA reduced; mOS 22.1 vs. 16 months; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
In a large cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide after abiraterone, we demonstrate the utility of a new tissue-agnostic assay for monitoring molecular response based on ctDNA TF detection and dynamics. ctDNA TF provides a minimally invasive, complementary biomarker to PSA testing and may refine personalized treatment approaches.
Unveiling the Culprit: IL17 Signaling in the Pancreatic Epithelium Drives Tumorigenesis
Authors: Lee Kyoung Eun , Pasca di Magliano Marina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
IL17 signaling promotes pancreatic cancer development, yet the cell compartment responsible for the protumorigenic function of IL17 has not been defined. In this article, Castro-Pando and colleagues demonstrate that IL17/IL17 receptor A signaling in the pancreatic epithelium is critical for pancreatic cancer initiation and for establishing immunosuppression, whereas its signaling in the immune compartment is dispensable. This work provides an important mechanistic insight on the role of IL17 signaling and identifies a potential new immune checkpoint as a target in pancreatic cancer.
See related article by Castro-Pando et al., p. 1170
IL-1β Induces LDL Transcytosis by a Novel Pathway Involving LDLR and Rab27a
Authors: Jang Erika , Ho Tse Wing Winnie , Brumell John H. , Lefebvre François , Wang Changsen , Lee Warren L. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
In early atherosclerosis, circulating LDLs (low-density lipoproteins) traverse individual endothelial cells by an active process termed transcytosis. The CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) treated advanced atherosclerosis using a blocking antibody for IL-1β (interleukin-1β); this significantly reduced cardiovascular events. However, whether IL-1β regulates early disease, particularly LDL transcytosis, remains unknown.

METHODS:
We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to quantify transcytosis by human coronary artery endothelial cells exposed to IL-1β. To investigate transcytosis in vivo, we injected wild-type and knockout mice with IL-1β and LDL to visualize acute LDL deposition in the aortic arch.

RESULTS:

Exposure to picomolar concentrations of IL-1β induced transcytosis of LDL but not of albumin by human coronary artery endothelial cells. Surprisingly, expression of the 2 known receptors for LDL transcytosis, ALK-1 (activin receptor-like kinase-1) and SR-BI (scavenger receptor BI), was unchanged or decreased. Instead, IL-1β increased the expression of the LDLR (LDL receptor); this was unexpected because LDLR is not required for LDL transcytosis. Overexpression of LDLR had no effect on basal LDL transcytosis. However, knockdown of LDLR abrogated the effect of IL-1β on transcytosis rates while the depletion of Cav-1 (caveolin-1) did not. Since LDLR was necessary but overexpression had no effect, we reasoned that another player must be involved. Using public RNA sequencing data to curate a list of Rab (Ras-associated binding) GTPases affected by IL-1β, we identified Rab27a. Overexpression of Rab27a alone had no effect on basal transcytosis, but its knockdown prevented induction by IL-1β. This was phenocopied by depletion of the Rab27a effector JFC1 (synaptotagmin-like protein 1). In vivo, IL-1β increased LDL transcytosis in the aortic arch of wild-type but not
Ldlr

−/−

or Rab27a-deficient mice. The JFC1 inhibitor nexinhib20 also blocked IL-1β–induced LDL accumulation in the aorta.

CONCLUSIONS:
IL-1β induces LDL transcytosis by a distinct pathway requiring LDLR and Rab27a; this route differs from basal transcytosis. We speculate that induction of transcytosis by IL-1β may contribute to the acceleration of early disease.