bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Landscape Management of Makassar City Based on Waterfront City Concept
Authors: Rohadi P P , Qisthina N , Aulia R , Arifin H S , Kaswanto R L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Makassar City is one of the coastal cities in Indonesia with a 32 km long coastline. This extensive coastal stretch harbors numerous potential natural resources. Recognizing the coastal region’s potential, the government has been implementing the Waterfront City concept to develop and manage this area. Since 2003, the Makassar City government has actively undertaken revitalization and reclamation efforts in the coastal zone, aiming to establish various facilities including commercial areas, public parks, residential zones, and tourism infrastructure, all with the aim of achieving the status of a waterfront city. However, these ongoing development and reclamation activities are inevitably transforming the coastal landscape, bringing about both positive and negative changes. On the downside, there are adverse effects such as deteriorating water quality and diminishing mangrove areas. Conversely, there has been an increase in tourist arrivals, showcasing a positive aspect. This study aims to assess the suitability of land in the coastal areas and the visual appeal of Makassar City’s waterfront, providing recommendations for coastal landscape management. Based on the analysis of land suitability and the aesthetics of the coastal area of Makassar City, the urban areas generally possess land suitable for implementing the waterfront city concept, categorized into three zones: tourism, residential, and conservation, to optimize land functionality. Besides the quality of the beautiful coast has a fairly good value with a neat and clean conditions.
Community-Based “Green Tourism” Development Strategy for Situ Gede Ecotourism in West Bogor Sub-district
Authors: Mahiroh I , Budiarti T , Manningtyas R D T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The tourism industry is growing fast in developing countries but does not necessarily consider sustainability issues. In this regard, the concept of green tourism is a way to promote sustainable tourism development. This study was conducted in Situ Gede Ecotourism, Situ Gede Village, West Bogor District. This study aims to identify and analyse the characteristics of the landscape, examine people’s perceptions and preferences, and provide recommendations for strategies towards green tourism in Situ Gede. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews, questionnaires, FGDs, and literature studies. This study uses two analytical methods, namely perception and preference analysis and the analysis of three stages of strategy formulation. Based on the results of the study, Situ Gede has landscape characteristics, namely that the spatial layout and land of this tourist location are in urban residential areas. The main attraction at Situ Gede is the view and use of the lake and the Dramaga research forest. There is a Situ Gede tourism management community and several other communities that have the potential to play a role in tourism activities, and there is awareness to protect the lake and its surroundings. The community expects an increase in the economy with the development of tourism. Based on the results of the perception analysis, Situ Gede is included in the high category for the development of green tourism. The results of the IE matrix show that Situ Gede’s position is in quadrant II, which provides recommendations for strategies to develop and build the tourist attraction management, promotion, and partnership.
Compressive Strength Predictive Analysis using Spectroradiometer.
Authors: Bhojaraja B.E , Hegde Thanushree A , Sunaina Fathima , Shetty Ashray 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rapid urbanization in emerging economies has prompted a focus on quality inspections of construction materials, particularly concrete. Standard tests assessing the mechanical strength of concrete involve breaking samples. Remote sensing presents an opportunity to map and monitor these materials, enabling the identification of properties like mechanical strength without causing damage. This non-destructive approach allows on-site inspection, swiftly and inexpensively, which is crucial during ongoing construction phases. Using a Field Spec® 3 spectroradiometer, spectroscopic analysis was performed to observe the spectral behavior of mechanical strengths in cement-based mortar materials based on spectral curves that were obtained from the reflected and absorbed electromagnetic radiation of the samples. This study is groundbreaking as there is no existing literature on utilizing this technique to differentiate compressive strengths of mortar cubes.
Application of fractal analysis to characterise the fracture and mechanical properties of concrete.
Authors: Fathima Salih Shaika , Prashanth M H , Pruthviraj S , Kuttagola Imran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Concrete structures consist of cracks even under service loads. The presence of micro-cracks and other flaws such as pores and voids act as potential sources for crack propagation leading to fracture under external loadings. Irregularities produced during the fracturing process in concrete are manifested on the fracture surface, characterizing it as fractal. Therefore, the investigation and quantification of the fractal pattern exhibited by fracture surfaces have become a focal point of research in recent years. In this work, beam specimens made with four different concrete mixes underwent a three-point bending test in order to determine a correlation between the fracture energy and mechanical characteristics of concrete. Concrete’s mechanical characteristics and fracture energy are discovered to be positively correlated. The fractal analysis is done using an LVDT instrument. Using a program written in MATLAB code, the fractured surface is regenerated with measured undulations. Concrete’s flexural strength and fracture energy are then connected with the fractal dimension value that was found. In conclusion, it was observed that a strong correlation exists between the fractal dimension value and fracture energy.
Free Vibration Response Studies on Bridges
Authors: Ahmed Shaik Kabeer , Haifa Afrin Zulaika , Shenoy Sundip 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bridges are essential components of the transportation network. These are unique constructions that serve as a transportation link between regions separated by physical barrier. Because of their critical role in ensuring passenger safety, these structures require constant maintenance. When vehicle cross a bridge, the structural components vibrate, which over time may cause damage to these components. The preferred method of maintaining structural health is currently seeing a rise in the use of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems on infrastructure, especially bridges. In order to overcome the drawbacks of visual inspection methods, it is crucial to continuously monitor the integrity and analyse the dynamic properties of bridges. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of bridge health monitoring, emphasizing three key elements: vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM), vehicle-bridge interaction analysis, and machine learning integration. The work improves monitoring, maintenance, and safety protocols by expanding our knowledge of structural integrity assessment for bridges by a detailed examination of the convergence of these domains. Notably, the work uses a condensed 2D model to forecast bridge natural frequencies Understanding the dynamic behaviour and structural integrity of the vital infrastructures is greatly aided by free vibration response research on bridges. The results, insights, and new directions in the subject of bridge free vibration analysis are summarized in this review paper. The uses and drawbacks of several analytical, numerical, and experimental techniques are covered. The research on the free vibration response of bridges is also reviewed in this review paper, with an emphasis on new developments incorporating machine learning principles.
GPS and GIS Based Soil Mapping of Rajkot City
Authors: Jain Tanishq , Parikh Komal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Traditional (Classical) soil mapping is inefficient in illustrating continuous changes in soil types or forms. Before designing and constructing any construction, geotechnical engineers should be aware of changes in the index qualities of the soil. Sand, Gravel, Silt and Clay, Plastic Limit, and other soil index values may vary from location to location. This work aims to develop a system for mapping important soil index features using GPS and GIS in conjunction with previously published soil exploration data. This database will allow geotechnical engineers to run more searches on various combinations of soil properties. During this study, data from 112 boreholes in Rajkot was compiled into soil investigation reports by various geotechnical specialists. All 112 boreholes are included in a soil database. GPS has been used to figure out each location’s longitude, latitude & altitude for georeferencing. The ordinary kriging geospatial interpolation method was used for thematic map preparation. In this 10% of boreholes, data has been used for validation. Map accuracy is measured using the Mean Average Error (MAE) and the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Where the difference in values were not more than 10% in all 12 cases. The value is only crossed in the plastic index case, where it is more than 10% in the 1-2-meter depth case.
A Comprehensive Review on Heavy Metal Toxicity in Coastal Sediments
Authors: Murthy Janakaraj , Jagadeesha Pai B , Salmataj S. A , Naik Pushparaj A. , Acharya Gururaj 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is becoming a growing environmental concern worldwide. The estuary’s surface waters and sediments are finally being transported to the coastal areas. During this transportation, the water and sediments carry numerous elements. The essential elements like nutrition are nitrates, phosphates, silicates, and sulphates, which are required for aquatic life, and non-essential elements contribute to pollution. The input of these essential and non-essential elements is being contributed by nature and anthropogenic activities. Due to the increase in urbanization and anthropogenic activities like agricultural, industrial, thermal power plants, dye factories, inland fisheries, small and significant scale industries, as well as recreational activities, are the sources of heavy metal toxicity. The toxic heavy metals, including mercury, cadmium, chromium, and lead, are leading to biological toxicity. Environmental standards are being modified due to increasing concerns. However, naturally occurring heavy metals and metalloids are drawn from parent rocks and absorbed by aquatic organisms, such as benthic organisms, which fix some heavy metal ions. Flora and fauna also absorb these ions, reducing their concentration. However, due to climatic factors like temperature and pH, these metal ions get adsorbed on the surface of the sediments. During hydrodynamic forces, they get released back into the water and vary seasonally.
Requirements for upgrading trusted nodes to a repeater chain over 900 km of optical fiber
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Francisco , Avis Guus , Slater Joshua A , Wehner Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We perform a numerical study of the distribution of entanglement on a real-world fiber grid connecting the German cities of Bonn and Berlin. The connection is realized using a chain of processing-node quantum repeaters spanning roughly 900 kilometers. Their placement is constrained by the fiber grid we consider, resulting in asymmetric links. We investigate how minimal hardware requirements depend on the target application, as well as on the number of repeaters in the chain. We find that requirements for blind quantum computing are markedly different than those for quantum key distribution, with the required coherence time being around two and a half times larger for the former. Further, we observe a trade-off regarding how target secret-key rates are achieved when using different numbers of repeaters: comparatively low-quality entangled states generated at a high rate are preferred for higher numbers of repeaters, whereas comparatively high-quality states generated at a lower rate are favored for lower numbers of repeaters. To obtain our results we employ an extensive simulation framework implemented using NetSquid, a discrete-event simulator for quantum networks. These are combined with an optimization methodology based on genetic algorithms to determine minimal hardware requirements.
Static and dynamic analyses and multi-objective optimization of wafer thinning machine’s design variables
Authors: Xie Guijiu , Zhang Wenbin , He Dongge , Yi Zhongbo , Liu Zhu , Wang Shibo , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to meeting the physical strength, heat dissipation and dimensional requirements of chips, the wafer surface needs to be thinned by wafer thinning machines. In the design of wafer thinning machine, the analysis and optimization of castings is an important and complex issue. In this study, the multi-objective optimization of wafer thinning machine’ s design variables are executed due to static and dynamic analyses. According to the analysis results, the design quality, amplitude and equivalent stress of the casting are optimized. The inner diameter of the ring, the height of the ring, the height of the middle groove, and the height of the groove on both sides are selected as the main design variables of the optimization. The results show that the static deformation of the optimized cast structure is 8% lower than the original structure, the overall mass is 4% lower, the operating frequency is 3.5% lower, higher stability, smaller mass and amplitude are obtained after optimization. The research has a great significance for the wafer thinning machines design, and provides theoretical guidance for the development of other lithography equipments.
Reasons and Passions
Authors: Lenman James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter defends a Humean picture of our normative lives as expressive of the passions in our souls. This picture should be understood holistically. We cannot elevate something to normative significance merely by wanting it but it is because we have a passionate nature that we live in a space of reasons. The picture defended is constructivist but also realist in allowing for normative truth and objectivity and in its clear repudiation of scepticism. Desires remain largely in the background of our normative thought when it goes about its ordinary businesses engaging a rich substantive space of reasons and values but this rich space taken as a whole expresses the complex and interconnected array of desires that goes to shape our human normative world. This holistic version of a Humean understanding of the normative is not vulnerable to widely raised objections involving arbitrary, isolated, and disconnected desires—to turn on radios, say—not credibly supposed to carry significant normative weight, as indeed they do not.
Towards a Communitarian Expressivism
Authors: Lenman James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops my holistic understanding of a Humean picture of the normative: such understanding should also be communitarian. We live and, for moral community to work as a space of mutual normative expectation and responsibility, we must live in a space of reasons that is both shared and stable: our shared understanding is open to critical reflective scrutiny but always against a background where much of it is seen as securely banked and never wholesale. My normative judgements do not purport simply to express the private passions of my soul but rather to express a stable, shared conceptual inheritance. They point to an ideal understanding of that shared conceptual repertoire which they embrace but do not specify. This leaves open questions open and allows us meaningfully to disagree about their substantive content while allowing us to understand why normative judgements that are weird and silly make poor sense. It helps to explain why we expect others to take an interest in our normative judgements. And it allows us to leave behind the existentialist understanding of normative utterance on a Humean picture as expressive only of private normative sensibilities responsible only to our individual wills. This enables us simply to accept, in a quasi-realist spirit, observations made by Charles Taylor and Susan Hurley by way of criticism of unduly subjectivist understandings of the normative. Armed with this sophisticated constructive expressivist picture we can defuse both the Frege-Geach argument against expressivism and David Enoch’s indispensability argument for robust realism.
The Anatomy of Justice
Authors: Schouten Regina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book develops a novel approach to theorizing liberal egalitarian justice. On the orthodox approach, a theory of justice comprises a set of normative principles to guide the design and workings of social institutions. The book argues that we should redirect the flow of theoretical attention to the values that normative principles aim to realize: We should aim for theory to provide evaluative discernment rather than normative principles. The term “values,” simply picks out the things that matter. Among the things that matter to egalitarians are civic relationships of a certain character and fair distributions of social goods. This redirection on its own is purely methodological: Those thinking about justice should take a longer look at what things matter—and what reasons those things furnish and how their mattering stacks up against the mattering of other things that matter—before they turn to the work of trying to systematize those answers in the form of principles for the design of political institutions. The book argues for that methodological reorientation in harness with a substantive way of filling it out with liberal egalitarian values. This proposed combination of schema and values, “the anatomy of justice,” comprises a modular approach to theorizing justice across circumstances of justice and deep injustice. The case for the anatomy of justice rests on what it can do: The anatomy resolves longstanding difficulties internal to liberal egalitarianism, provides unified but circumstance-responsive guidance for improving unjust societies, and supports compelling defenses of liberalism against feminist and egalitarian critics.
GST, End of Compensation Regime, and Stress on State Finances
Authors: Kavita Rao R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The change in the GST regime could result in some disruptions to the performance of state tax revenues. Economic uncertainties arising from the impact of the multiple rounds of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the stress on state finances. This chapter looks at the impact on GST revenues inclusive of compensation, once the current regime comes to an end. It also identifies states which could experience a fall in revenues at the end of the compensation period and provides useful alternative mechanisms for smoothing the revenue profile of the states.
Indian Fiscal Federalism in Practice
Authors: Govinda Rao M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Indian fiscal federalism over the last seven-and–a-half decades has oscillated between harmony and conflict, trust and suspicion, cooperation and competition. It has held the country together; provided identity and scope for various religious, ethnic, and linguistic groups; and provided an institutional framework for the multilevel fiscal system. Nevertheless, the high degree of centralization has not paved the way for reaping the potential benefits. The absence of an institutional framework for fostering cooperation and coordination, regulating competition and bargaining, and enabling conflict resolution is a major shortcoming. The presence of a high degree of vertical and horizontal imbalances is also an issue.
Environmental Federalism in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Chakraborty Lekha , Kaur Amandeep , Mohanty Ranjan Kumar , Rangan Divy , Das Sanjana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the impact of intergovernmental fiscal transfers (IGFT) on climate change commitments in India. Within the analytical framework of environmental federalism, we test the evidence for environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) using a panel model covering 27 Indian States from 2003 to 2020. The results suggest a positive and significant relationship between IGFT and the net forest cover (NFC) across Indian states. The analysis also suggests an inverse-U relationship between gross state domestic product (GSDP) and environmental quality, indicating a potential environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for India. The findings substantiate the fiscal policy impacts for climate change commitments within the fiscal federal frameworks of India, and the significance of IGFT in increasing forest cover in India. This has policy implications for the 16th Finance Commission of India for the integration of a climate change-related criterion in the tax-transfer formula in a sustainable manner.
Fiscal Federalism in India
Authors: Srinivasan R , Raja Sethu Durai S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In an ideal federation, each level of government should have its own revenue resources to sufficiently finance its own expenditures. In most of the federal countries, due to overlapping revenue and expenditure assignments warranted by their constitution, the fiscal balance is elusive. Vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) arises when the own-revenue potential of regional governments is inadequate to meet their own expenditure. As noted in the literature, VFI adversely affects the fiscal performance of the regional government. This study examines the VFI for India from 2005 to 2021 and provides evidence that it is rising over the period, and suggests a feasible solution rests in the reassignment of commodity taxation powers to the states.
Climate Risks and Financial Management
Authors: Kavi Kumar K S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Against the backdrop of the ongoing discussion on Loss & Damage (L&D) in the climate change context, this chapter provides an overview on the trends in climate risks such as cyclone, flood, and drought, and their impacts on Indian agriculture. The chapter argues that it would be more appropriate to frame L&D debate as impacts associated with sudden- and slow-onset climate risks, rather than ‘residual impacts’ as it is often done in the climate change impact literature. The chapter further discusses the domestic and global risk-mitigation options for effective financial management of climate risks.
The link between traumatic experiences and health in late life: challenges and opportunities for US-based longitudinal aging cohorts
Authors: Murchland Audrey R , Koenen Karestan C , Hayes-Larson Eleanor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Trauma, defined as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, is a pervasive, major public health challenge that disproportionately burdens socially disadvantaged groups and has known consequences for health outcomes in early and midlife. Despite plausible mechanisms by which trauma may also be a critically important risk factor for health outcomes in late life, there is presently a lack of literature evaluating the consequences of trauma on aging-related health outcomes and inequities, such as dementia. In this commentary, we (1) discuss drivers of the paucity of epidemiologic evidence on trauma and health outcomes in late life, namely a lack of available data, supported by detailed review of trauma measures, including interpersonal violence—a particularly common form of trauma—in 7 established longitudinal aging cohort studies in the United States; (2) address 4 common concerns about the inclusion of trauma measures in cohort studies; and (3) suggest ways forward, including specific assessment tools to measure interpersonal violence after a structured review of the PhenX Toolkit, to facilitate critical research to understand the impact of trauma on outcomes in late life.