bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignited competition: Impact of bioactive extracellular compounds on organelle functions and photosynthetic systems in harmful algal blooms
Authors: Guo Huige , Wang Xiaochen , Li Changlin , Mohamed Hala F. , Li Dawei , Wang Lianghui , Chen Hongzhe , Lin Kunning , Huang Shuyuan , Pang Jinling , Zhang Yuanbiao , Krock Bernd , Luo Zhaohe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevalent interactions among marine phytoplankton triggered by long‐range climatic stressors are well‐known environmental disturbers of community structure. Dynamic response of phytoplankton physiology is likely to come from interspecies interactions rather than direct climatic effect on single species. However, studies on enigmatic interactions among interspecies, which are induced by bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs), especially between related harmful algae sharing similar shellfish toxins, are scarce. Here, we investigated how BECs provoke the interactions between two notorious algae, Alexandrium minutum and Gymnodinium catenatum, which have similar paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profiles. Using techniques including electron microscopy and transcriptome analysis, marked disruptions in G. catenatum intracellular microenvironment were observed under BECs pressure, encompassing thylakoid membrane deformations, pyrenoid matrix shrinkage and starch sheaths disappearance. In addition, the upregulation of gene clusters responsible for photosystem‐I Lhca1/4 and Rubisco were determined, leading to weaken photon captures and CO2 assimilation. The redistribution of lipids and proteins occurred at the subcellular level based on in situ focal plane array FTIR imaging approved the damages. Our findings illuminated an intense but underestimated interspecies interaction triggered by BECs, which is responsible for dysregulating photosynthesis and organelle function in inferior algae and may potentially account for fitness alteration in phytoplankton community.
Coarse‐to‐fine adjustment for multi‐platform point cloud fusion
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Jianping , Li Yuhao , Yang Bisheng , Sun Sihan , Lin Yongfeng , Dong Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeveraging multi‐platform laser scanning systems offers a complete solution for 3D modelling of large‐scale urban scenes. However, the spatial inconsistency of point clouds collected by heterogeneous platforms with different viewpoints presents challenges in achieving seamless fusion. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a coarse‐to‐fine adjustment for multi‐platform point cloud fusion. First, in the preprocessing stage, the bounding box of each point cloud block is employed to identify potential constraint association. Second, the proposed local optimisation facilitates preliminary pairwise alignment with these potential constraint relationships, and obtaining initial guess for a comprehensive global optimisation. At last, the proposed global optimisation incorporates all the local constraints for tightly coupled optimisation with raw point correspondences. We choose two study areas to conduct experiments. Study area 1 represents a fast road scene with a significant amount of vegetation, while study area 2 represents an urban scene with many buildings. Extensive experimental evaluations indicate the proposed method has increased the accuracy of study area 1 by 50.6% and the accuracy of study area 2 by 44.7%.
Optimisation of real‐scene 3D building models based on straight‐line constraints
Authors: Lv Kaiyun , Chen Longyu , He Haiqing , Zhou Fuyang , Yu Shixun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the influence of repeated textures or edge perspective transformations on building facades, building modelling based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry often suffers geometric deformation and distortion when using existing methods or commercial software. To address this issue, a real‐scene three‐dimensional (3D) building model optimisation method based on straight‐line constraints is proposed. First, point clouds generated by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry are down‐sampled based on local curvature characteristics, and structural point clouds located at the edges of buildings are extracted. Subsequently, an improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, considering distance and angle constraints on lines, known as co‐constrained RANSAC, is applied to further extract point clouds with straight‐line features from the structural point clouds. Finally, point clouds with straight‐line features are optimised and updated using sampled points on the fitted straight lines. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively eliminate redundant 3D points or noise while retaining the fundamental structure of buildings. Compared to popular methods and commercial software, the proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of building modelling. The average reduction in error is 59.2%, including the optimisation of deviations in the original model's contour projection.
What Is the Ideal Dimension of Law?
Authors: Kaehler Lorenz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious authors have claimed that law has an ideal dimension owed to a claim to correctness. Against this thesis, this article argues that there are several ideal dimensions of law, namely, a moral, a legal, and an ontological one. All of them are independent of a claim to correctness. This claim can be understood in a strong and a weak way. Both versions are wanting because law claims neither that it is morally ideal nor that it is not grossly unjust. Consequently, the ideal dimension of law has to be found in features other than in a claim to correctness.
Damage evolution in layered rock masses of a mining floor under the influence of fluid–structure coupling
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Wang Ao , Li Weiguo , Zheng Yusheng , Wang Shanlin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent research on rock damage in mining floors primarily focuses on the seepage‐stress coupling effect, overlooking the fact that rock masses in coal measure strata are predominantly layered. To address this gap, cyclic loading and unloading triaxial tests were conducted. Additionally, theoretical analysis, mathematical statistics, and other methods were used to investigate the damage evolution law of layered rock masses in coal measures. This investigation was carried out under the coupled effects of a specific stress path, characterized by ‘stress concentration‐stress unloading‐stress recovery’, and a high confined water seepage field. The results show that the compression modulus increases with the increase in confining pressure and osmotic pressure, but its increasing trend gradually slows down. Within a certain range, increasing the confining pressure and osmotic pressure helps to close rock fractures and increase stiffness.
COVID‐19 vaccine variety and dimensions of risks: What factors induced nations to introduce multiple vaccines?
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Jones James R. , Capasso Salvatore 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdding a new dimension to the body of research on COVID economics, this article considers the determinants of vaccine variety across nations. Driven by supply chain issues, development timelines, pricing, and vaccine nationalism, the number of available vaccines varies considerably across nations. Results show that greater pandemic severity and more populous nations had more vaccines, while nations with large land areas had fewer vaccines. Finally, while island nations were likely to have fewer vaccines, authoritarian regimes were mostly no different from other regimes. Greater COVID risks mostly lowered vaccine variety, as did supply chain issues and the prevalence of other infectious diseases. Finally, nations with worse institutional quality had more vaccines, ceteris paribus.
Assessing Illinois companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription practices and the factors that influence their decisions when treating bacterial infections in dogs and cats
Authors: Yudhanto Setyo , Reinhart Jennifer M. , de Souza Clarissa Pimentel , Gochenauer Alexandria , Sander William E. , Hung Chien‐Che , Maddox Carol W. , Varga Csaba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsJudicious antimicrobial use in companion animal practice is critical for maintaining the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections and reducing the selection of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. This study aimed to provide insights into companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections in dogs and cats and describe the factors influencing their prescription choices.Methods and ResultsAn online survey using QualtricsXM® software was administered between September and November 2022 to companion animal veterinarians who were Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association members. Descriptive and text analyses were conducted to assess the participants' responses. A total of 78 surveys were included in the analysis. Skin infections were ranked as the most common bacterial infections for which veterinarians prescribed antimicrobial agents, followed by ear, urinary tract, respiratory, and enteric infections. The severity of clinical symptoms and the results of bacterial culture and susceptibility tests were the most influential factors for veterinarians when making antimicrobial prescription choices. Veterinarians were aware of the current antimicrobial prescription guideline recommendations when prescribing antimicrobials empirically to nine hypothetical scenarios of bacterial infections. According to the results of the text analysis that assessed veterinarians' responses to an open‐ended question, regarding their challenges when prescribing antimicrobial agents, the pairwise correlation of word frequencies within each response showed the highest correlations between the words ‘owner’ and ‘compliance’, ‘administration’ and ‘route’, ‘cost’ and ‘culture’, and ‘patients’ and ‘acceptance’.ConclusionsThe study results can support animal health stakeholders in the development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes to promote appropriate antimicrobial use and limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Sedentary Behavior and Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mendonça Gerfeson , Barbosa Arthur Oliveira , Moura Ially Rayssa Dias , Silva Juliana Maria da Penha Freire , Prazeres Filho Alcides , Silva Diego Júnio da , Toscano Chrystiane Vasconcelos Andrade , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Analyzed the associations of sedentary behavior (SB) measured by questionnaire and accelerometer, with cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. Methods: Longitudinal study with 4 years of follow-up with adolescents from João Pessoa, Brazil. SB was measured using a questionnaire (305 adolescents: 54.5% females; age 11.7 [SD = 0.7]) and use of accelerometer (136 adolescents: 54.8% females; age 11.5 [SD = 0.7]). The cardiometabolic markers were body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), total cholesterol/HDL ratio, triglycerides/HDL ratio, and non-HDL-C. Generalized Estimating Equation analysis was used to for analyses. Results: The average time in SB by the accelerometer was greater (average 8.3 [SD = 1.5], 8.8 [SD = 1.6], and 8.4 [SD = 1.9] h/d/wk) than observed in the questionnaire (on average 6.0 [SD = 4.1], 7.2 [SD = 4.9], and 6.6 [SD = 5.4] h/d/wk), in all years of the study, but without a significant increasing trend (P > .05) over time for both measures. There was a significant and positive association between SB measured by the questionnaire and SBP (β = 0.148; 95% CI, 0.021–0.274). Conclusions: The SB generally does not seem to contribute to significant changes in cardiometabolic markers in adolescents, despite it being associated with increased systolic blood pressure levels.
Elucidating the potential of isorhapontigenin in targeting the MgrA regulatory network: a paradigm shift for attenuating MRSA virulence
Authors: Liu Lihan , Wang Li , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Bingmei , Guo Xuerui , Wang Yueying , Xu Yueshan , Guan Jiyu , Zhao Yicheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

As methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) exhibits formidable resistance to many drugs, the imperative for alternative therapeutic strategies becomes increasingly evident. At the heart of our study is the identification of a novel inhibitor through fluorescence anisotropy assays, specifically targeting the crucial multiple gene regulator A (MgrA) regulatory network in
S. aureus
. Isorhapontigenin (Iso), a natural compound, exhibits outstanding inhibitory efficacy, modulating bacterial virulence pathways without exerting direct bactericidal activity. This suggests a paradigm shift toward attenuating virulence instead of purely focusing on bacterial elimination. Through comprehensive
in vitro
and
in vivo
evaluations, we elucidated the complex interplay between Iso and MgrA, leading to reduced
S. aureus
adhesion, and overall virulence. At the cellular level, Iso offers significant protection to A549 cells infected with
S. aureus
, reducing cellular damage. Importantly, Iso augments the chemotaxis of neutrophils, curtailing the immune evasion capabilities of
S. aureus
. Furthermore,
in vivo
investigations highlight the notable effectiveness of Iso against MRSA-induced pneumonia and within the
Galleria mellonella
infection model, underscoring its pivotal role in the evolving realm of antibacterial drug discovery. Significantly, when Iso is used in combination with vancomycin, it outperforms its solo application, indicating a more pronounced therapeutic impact. This seminal research emphasizes Iso’s potential as a primary defense against the surge of multidrug-resistant pathogens, heralding new prospects in antimicrobial therapy.
Enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis by Sigma28 in stringent responses contributes to multidrug resistance and biofilm formation in
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Xue Junyuan , Li Shutong , Wang Liyuan , Zhao Yican , Zhang Lu , Zheng Yantong , Zhang Wenxin , Chen Zhenghong , Jiang Ting , Sun Yundong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The metabolic state of bacteria significantly contributes to their resistance to antibiotics; however, the specific metabolic mechanisms conferring antimicrobial resistance in
Helicobacter pylori
remain largely understudied. Employing transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomics, we characterized the metabolic reprogramming of
H. pylori
when challenged with antibiotic agents. We observed a notable increase in both genetic and key proteomic components involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Inhibition of this pathway significantly enhanced the antibiotic susceptibility of the sensitive and multidrug-resistant
H. pylori
strains while also disrupting their biofilm-forming capacities. Further analysis revealed that antibiotic treatment induced a stringent response, triggering the expression of the
hp0560-hp0557
operon regulated by Sigma28 (σ
28
). This activation in turn stimulated the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, thereby enhancing the antibiotic tolerance of
H. pylori
. Our findings reveal a novel adaptive strategy employed by
H. pylori
to withstand antibiotic stress.
Clofazimine inhibits innate immunity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by NF-κB
Authors: Li Xinda , Luo Xiaoyi , Wang Bin , Fu Lei , Chen Xi , Lu Yu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the infectious diseases with high incidence and high mortality. About a quarter of the population has been latently infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. At present, the available TB treatment strategies have the disadvantages of too long treatment duration and serious adverse reactions. The sustained inflammatory response leads to permanent tissue damage. Unfortunately, the current selection of treatment regimens does not consider the immunomodulatory effects of various drugs. In this study, we preliminarily evaluated the effects of commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs on innate immunity at the cellular level. The results showed that clofazimine (CFZ) has a significant innate immunosuppressive effect. CFZ significantly inhibited cytokines and type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) expression under both lipopolysaccharide stimulation and CFZ-resistant strain infection. In further mechanistic studies, CFZ strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of p38. In conclusion, our study found that CFZ suppresses innate immunity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by NF-κB, which should be considered in future regimen development.

IMPORTANCE

The complete elimination of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), the etiologic agent of TB, from TB patients is a complicated process that takes a long time. The excessive immune inflammatory response of the host for a long time causes irreversible organic damage to the lungs and liver. Current antibiotic-based treatment options involve multiple complex drug combinations, often targeting different physiological processes of Mtb. Given the high incidence of post-tuberculosis lung disease, we should also consider the immunomodulatory properties of other drugs when selecting drug combinations.
A high-throughput, polymerase-targeted RT-PCR for broad detection of mammalian filoviruses
Authors: Cui Na , Perez Yael L. , Hume Adam J. , Nunley B. Ethan , Kong Kevin , Mills Margaret G. , Xie Hong , Greninger Alexander L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Filoviruses are some of the most lethal viruses in the modern world, and increasing numbers of filovirus species and genera have been discovered in recent years. Despite the potential severity of filovirus outbreaks in the human population, comparably few sensitive pan-filovirus RT-PCR assays have been described that might facilitate early detection and prevention. Here, we present a new pan-filovirus RT-PCR assay targeting the L polymerase gene for detection of all known mammalian filoviruses. We demonstrate the detection of 10 synthetic filovirus RNA templates with analytical sensitivity ranging from 178 to 3,354 copies/mL, without cross-reactivity on 10 non-filoviral human viral species. We verified assay performance on 10 inactivated filovirus isolates, yielding initial sensitivities of 0.012–44.17 TCID
50
/mL. We coupled this broadly reactive RT-PCR with a deep sequencing workflow that is amenable to high-throughput pooling to maximize detection and discovery potential. In summary, this pan-filovirus RT-PCR assay targets the most conserved filovirus gene, offers the widest breadth of coverage to date, and may help in the detection and discovery of novel filoviruses.

IMPORTANCE
Filoviruses remain some of the most mysterious viruses known to the world, with extremely high lethality rates and significant pandemic potential. Yet comparably few filovirus species and genera have been discovered to date and questions surround the definitive host species for zoonotic infections. Here, we describe a novel broadly reactive RT-PCR assay targeting the conserved L polymerase gene for high-throughput screening for filoviruses in a variety of clinical and environmental specimens. We demonstrate the assay can detect all known mammalian filoviruses and determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay on synthetic RNA sequences, inactivated filovirus isolates, and non-filoviral species.
Evaluation of chlorogenic acid and carnosol for anti-efflux pump and anti-biofilm activities against extensively drug-resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sheikhy Mohaddeseh , Karbasizade Vajihe , Ghanadian Mustafa , Fazeli Hossein 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Efflux pumps and biofilm play significant roles in bacterial antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the potential of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and carnosol (CL), as phenolic and diterpene compounds, respectively, for their inhibitory effects on efflux pumps. Among the 12 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolated from nosocomial skin infections, eight strains were identified as extensively drug resistant (XDR) using the disc diffusion method. The presence of efflux pumps in MDR strains of
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
was screened using carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Between the 12 MDR strains of
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
, 80% (4 out of 5) of the
S. aureus
strains and 85.7% (6 out of 7) of the
P. aeruginosa
strains exhibited active efflux pumps associated with gentamicin resistance. The checkerboard assay results, in combination with gentamicin, demonstrated that CGA exhibited a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for XDR
S. aureus
strain. Similarly, CL showed a synergistic effect and reduced the MIC for both XDR strains of
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
. Flow cytometry was used to examine efflux pump activity at sub-MIC concentrations of 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 MIC in comparison to the control. In XDR
S. aureus
, CGA demonstrated 39%, 70%, and 19% inhibition, while CL exhibited 74%, 73.5%, and 62% suppression. In XDR
P. aeruginosa
, CL exhibited inhibition rates of 25%, 10%, and 15%. The inhibition of biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method, resulting in successful inhibition of biofilm formation. Finally, the MTT assay was conducted, and it confirmed minimal cytotoxicity. Given the significant reduction in efflux pump activity and biofilm formation observed with CGA and CL in this study, these compounds can be considered as potential inhibitors of efflux pumps and biofilm formation, offering potential strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance.

IMPORTANCE

In summary, CGA and CL demonstrated promising potentiating antimicrobial effects against XDR strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, suggesting their probably potential as candidates for addressing nosocomial pathogens. They exhibited significant suppression of efflux pump activity, indicating a possible successful inhibition of this mechanism. Moreover, all substances effectively inhibited biofilm formation, while showing minimal cytotoxicity. However, further advancement to clinical trials is needed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing CGA and CL for reversing bacterial XDR efflux and determining their efficacy against biofilms. These trials will provide valuable insights into the practical applications of these compounds in combating drug-resistant infections.