bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZWISCHEN MYTHOS UND UTOPIE: HERMANN HESSES SUCHE NACH DEM ENDPUNKT DES SEINS
Authors: Cornils Ingo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines the relationship between, and the importance of, myth and utopia in Hermann Hesse's work, their development over several decades, and their significance for our understanding of the utopian. The question whether Hesse's work tends more towards the mythological or the utopian has hitherto not been convincingly answered. I demonstrate that Hesse's work initially oscillates between (Promethean) myth and utopia. This becomes very clear in Narziß und Goldmund, where the author engages with the problem of death. In Das Glasperlenspiel, however, Hesse uses myth to create a utopian moment. I argue that Hesse's persistent search for the culmination point of human existence does not necessarily lead to transcendence, but rather makes possible a concrete utopia. According to Hesse, man is capable of reaching a new level of consciousness. His ‘theory of stages’ found itself on the sidelines in a time of collective ideologies but may become relevant in the context of a developing ‘global consciousness’ of autonomous individuals.Dieser Artikel untersucht, wie sich in Hermann Hesses Werk der Mythos zur Utopie verhält, welche Entwicklung dieses Verhältnis in seinem langen Leben durchgemacht hat, und welche Bedeutung diese Entwicklungslinie für unser Utopieverständnis hat. Die Frage, ob Hesses Denken eher mythologisch oder utopisch orientiert ist, ist bisher nicht überzeugend beantwortet worden. Ich zeige in diesem Artikel, dass Hesses Werk zunächst zwischen Mythologie (besonders dem Prometheus‐Mythos) und Utopie oszilliert. Dies wird besonders deutlich in Narziß und Goldmund, wo der Autor sich mit dem Problem des Todes auseinandersetzt. Mit dem Glasperlenspiel jedoch benutzt Hesse den Mythos, um einen utopischen Moment zu erzeugen. Ich argumentiere, dass Hesses beharrliche Suche nach dem Endpunkt des Seins ihn nicht notwendigerweise im Transzendenten landen lässt, sondern eine konkrete Utopie möglich macht. Nach Hesse kann der Mensch eine neue Bewusstseinsstufe erreichen. Diese auf das Individuum zugeschnittene ‘Stufenlehre’ hatte im Kontext der großen kollektiven Ideologien einen schweren Stand, könnte aber angesichts des sich abzeichnenden ‘globalen Bewusstseins autonomer Individuen relevant werden.
The Political and Institutional History of Colonial Spanish America
Authors: Cañeque Alejandro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis essay argues for a need to develop a new political history of colonial Spanish America in order to bring up to date the old institutional history of the Spanish empire. In recent decades, historians of colonial Spanish America have not shown much interest in the study of political and institutional history. Originally, this constituted a welcome reaction against the previous emphasis on the institutional and legal aspects of the Spanish empire. But one effect of this historiographical development has been that, while our knowledge of the social history of colonial Spanish America has progressed in an impressive way, our knowledge of the mechanisms of imperial rule has made very little progress in the last 50 years. As a result, colonial historians have to rely on antiquated or inadequate notions regarding the political and institutional nature of Spanish colonialism. However, the new political history of colonial Spanish America should not focus on the study of the colonial state, but rather on the political culture of the Spanish empire.
Reversing Dislocations: African Contributions to Brazil in the Works of Manuel Querino, 1890–1920
Authors: Afolabi Niyi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhile Africa is inextricably linked to the formation of Brazilian identity in all its manifestations and ramifications, the discourses of hybridity in Latin America have minimized the significant impact of Africa in that cultural contact zone by encouraging the propaganda of racial harmony, mythological state of racelessness, and non‐racism while fundamentally masking the contentious terrains of struggle for institutional, economical, and cultural equality among different races. Through the analysis of select works of Manuel, this article argues that the reversal of perpetual dislocations in African diaspora discourses that emanate from myopic rendering and simplification of complex cultural realities and contexts, must begin with a close examination of the contributions of each racialized group in order to better understand the extent of the strategic contribution of every race, and deliberate marginalization of African diaspora voices in Brazilian continuously problematic racial democracy.
Frequency of electrocardiogram testing among HIV‐infected patients at risk for medication‐induced QTc prolongation
Authors: Patel N , Veve M , Kwon S , McNutt L‐A , Fish D , Miller CD 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesHIV‐infected patients are commonly prescribed several medications and are thus at risk for drug interactions that may result in QTc prolongation. We sought (1) to identify the frequency of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring (2), to determine the prevalence of drug interactions involving QTc‐prolonging medications, and (3) to quantify the prevalence of QTc prolongation.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among HIV‐infected adults. Demographics, medications, drug interactions and comorbidities were abstracted from patients' medical records. Abnormal QTc interval was defined per the UK Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Clinical characteristics were compared among ECG recipients and nonrecipients. Among ECG recipients, the prevalence and predictors of QTc prolongation were assessed.ResultsAmong the 454 patients included in the study, 80.8% were prescribed a medication associated with QTc prolongation and 39% had drug interactions expected to increase QTc prolongation risk. There were 138 patients (30.3%) who received ECG testing. Receipt of ECG monitoring was associated with increasing age, diabetes, increasing total number of medications and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among ECG recipients, the prevalence of abnormal QTc interval was 27.5%. Chronic kidney disease [prevalence ratio (PR) 3.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–8.83; P = 0.009], hepatitis C virus coinfection (PR 2.26; 95% CI 0.97–5.27; P = 0.06) and hypertension (PR 2.11; 95% CI 0.93–4.81; P = 0.07) were independently associated with an abnormal QTc interval.ConclusionsA low frequency of ECG testing was observed, despite a high use of medications associated with QTc prolongation. The risk of abnormal QTc interval was highest among patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension and hepatitis C virus coinfection.
Does Economic Crisis Always Harm International Migrants? Longitudinal Evidence from Ecuadorians in Barcelona
Authors: Moser C. O. N. , Horn Philipp 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCurrent research on the impacts of the 2007 global economic crisis on international migration takes two different positions. Some studies emphasize the negative impacts while others are more positive. This article argues that these two positions offer simplistic interpretations which fail to take account of the complex micro‐level realities that determine migrant experiences. The article discusses how a small group of migrants from Guayaquil, Ecuador, accumulate and consolidate a complex portfolio of assets both before and during the economic crisis in Spain. Conceptualized in terms of an asset accumulation framework, and based on micro‐level longitudinal trend data, rather than the more generally used macro‐level snapshots or anecdotal evidence, the study highlights the fact that the formalization of legal status or citizenship is a crucial pre‐condition, which sets in motion a ‘virtuous’ cycle of consolidation of an interrelated portfolio of assets, regardless of the wider macro‐economic environment. Even if this turns into a ‘vicious’ cycle, for those losing jobs, to date Spanish welfare benefits have acted as a social protection mechanism.
Ethnic Return Migration and Public Debate: The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kuşçu Işık 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEthnic return migrations tend to become a controversial issue and create public debates within the receiving homeland states because of two major factors. The first concerns the economic and social problems brought on by the migrants′ integration process as well as the socio‐economic burden that such migrations place on homeland institutions. The second involves the inherently discriminatory and exclusionary character of such migrations because they privilege the state‐bearing ethnic group over others. As we will see, this dynamic has important implications for domestic nation‐building. To better understand these influences within Kazakhstan, this article will attempt to analyse the public debate surrounding the government's ethnic return migration policy. It traces the discourse concerning the return of Kazakh oralmans (return migrants) by examining both Kazakh and Russian language publications. Interviews with experts, informal discussions with return migrants and the testimonies of long‐term residents in the country are also used to this end.
Self‐efficacy, learning method appropriation and software skills acquisition in learner‐controlled CSSTS environments
Authors: Hardin Andrew M. , Looney Clayton A. , Fuller Mark A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA computer‐simulated software training system (CSSTS) delivers a specific form of computer‐based training in which participants are allowed to select various training features within a simulated software environment. Given the growing use of these systems as end‐user training (EUT) aids, there is a need for greater understanding of how participants use these systems, as well as whether participant‐controlled learning environments are truly effective. The present research examines how a particular learner characteristic, software self‐efficacy, drives appropriation in a high learner control, CSSTS environment. Contrary to notions in the literature, results from spreadsheet and database software training courses reveal that pre‐training specific software self‐efficacy constitutes a significant, negative predictor of faithful appropriations of the CSSTS. This research also establishes a positive relationship between faithful appropriation and increases in software self‐efficacy (SSE). In essence, faithful appropriations lead to greater increases in SSE, which influences software skills performance. In addition, the research validates prior EUT research by extending prior findings to a database training environment. A psychometrically sound measure is put forth to capture database self‐efficacy.
Alternative Pflegeoptionen und neue Wege zur Unterstützung von Waisenkindern: Der Fall Mosambik im Kontext der SADC
Authors: Shibuya Tomoko , Taylor Viviene 
Published: March 2013

AuszugDer Artikel beschreibt die Situation von Waisenkindern im südlichen Afrika unter Einbeziehung quantitativer und qualitativer Feldstudien und analysiert die Pflegeoptionen und die Sozialschutzpolitik für Waisenkinder in Mosambik mit einem besonderen Blick auf Kinder in Waisenheimen. Die Forschung versucht, neue Erkenntnisse und ein besseres Verständnis der Erfahrungen von betreuten Kindern und des ihnen angebotenen Sozialschutzes zu gewinnen, und ihre Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Waisenkinder in informellen Pflegeumgebungen mit grö
ßerer Wahrscheinlichkeit Opfer von Vernachlässigung, Misshandlung und Missbrauch werden als Waisenkinder, die in nicht staatlichen Pflegeeinrichtungen leben. Die Untersuchung macht vor allem deutlich, dass diejenigen Familien, die Kinder zur Pflege aufnehmen möchten, sorgfältiger ausgewählt werden müssen. Die Empfehlungen richten sich unter anderem auf den Aufbau der Kapazitäten sowie institutionelle Reformen der Sozialschutzpolitik für Waisenkinder im Rahmen einer allgemeinen sozialen Grundsicherung. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Auswahl und Begleitung der Organisationen gelegt, die Waisenkinder zur Pflege aufnehmen.
Modification of self‐concept in patients with a left‐ventricular assist device: an initial exploration
Authors: Marcuccilli Linda , Casida Jesus , Peters Rosalind M 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore how patients with left‐ventricular assist devices (LVAD) meet the health‐deviation requisite of modifying self‐concept to accept this form of treatment and restore normalcy.BackgroundLVAD are becoming a standard option to improve the quality of life for patients with advanced heart failure. Past research focused on technology issues and survival rates, but limited research has addressed the effect of LVADs on patients' perceptions of self. Orem's theory of self‐care provides a framework to investigate how patients manage threats to self‐concept to safely live with such a device.DesignHermeneutic phenomenology based on van Manen's method.MethodData were collected using semi‐structured interviews. Data saturation was achieved with nine participants (seven men; two women), 31–70 years of age who lived with a LVAD at home for at least three months. Thematic analysis was ongoing, and final themes were consensually validated.ResultsTwo themes constructed from the data were consistent with the requisite of modifying self‐concept. First, Having a LVAD means living. Participants described they ‘feel alive again’, and they ‘had the rest of [their] lives that they didn't have before’. The second theme: A desire to be ‘normal’ in public, arose from participants descriptions of how the LVAD brought unwanted attention to them and that their appearance was ‘shocking’ to others.ConclusionParticipants accepted the LVAD as necessary to live making it easier for them to modify their self‐concept and accept the changes to their bodies and daily lives. Attaining a sense of normalcy was more difficult in public and required additional lifestyle modifications.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings advance self‐care knowledge in LVAD management and can heighten nurses' awareness about self‐concept as a vital component for maintenance of health and well‐being.
Distress Associated with Urinary Incontinence, as Measured by a Visual Analogue Scale
Authors: Vinsnes Anne Guttormsen , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT. Objectives—To estimate patients' subjective perception of having urinary incontinence by using a visual analogue scale, and to assess the scale as a preliminary diagnostical tool.Design—Four groups: middle age or elderly, urge or stress symptoms. Interviews by using a symptom questionnaire, and scores by using a visual analogue scale.Subjects—Thirty‐six women aged 40–60 years, and fourty women aged 70 or elderly were randomly selected from a resource and information centre for incontinent people.Main results—Women generally experienced urinary incontinence as distressing. Women with urge symptoms had higher scores than women with stress symptoms, and the middle aged women scored higher than the elderly. The study did not support the view that a visual analogue scale can be used as a diagnostic tool.
The Relevance of Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Lifestyle as Related to a Holistic Theory of Health
Authors: Edéll‐Gustafsson Ulla , Ek Anna‐Christina 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT.This paper highlights the relation between health, lifestyle, sleep and circadian rhythm in disease, using a holistic theory of health, for subjects with, for example, coronary heart disease, nursed in intensive care or post‐operative ward following coronary arterial by‐pass surgery. The paper will also illuminate the World Health Organization's health targets nine and 13–17, adopted by the Member States of the European Region, about the relevance of lifestyle and its influence on the subject̂s health values for patients with coronary heart disease.Sleep is affected by a person's own will, repertoire and circumstance, both internal and external. It plays a meaningful part in maintaining good health. Disturbance of sleep leads to change in circadian rhythm and is an early symptom of psychophysiological and social ill health, independent of disease. It influences a person's values, actions and ability to adjust. Disturbance of sleep over longer periods leads to disease.Patients who have undergone, for example, coronary arterial by‐pass surgery are expected to change their lifestyle. It is therefore important that the nurse can define the subject̂s sleep patterns and circadian rhythm.
Plant functional traits improve diversity‐based predictions of temporal stability of grassland productivity
Authors: Polley H. Wayne , Isbell Forest I. , Wilsey Brian J. 
Published: March 2013

SynthesisThe temporal stability of plant production is greater in communities with high than low species richness, but stability also may depend on species abundances and growth‐related traits. Annual precipitation varied by greater than a factor of three over 11 years in central Texas, USA leading to large variation in production. Stability was greatest in communities that were not dominated by few species and in which dominant species rooted shallowly, had dense leaves, or responded to the wettest year with a minimal increase in production. Stability may depend as much on species abundances and functional traits as on species richness alone.Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) varies in response to temporal fluctuations in weather. Temporal stability of community ANPP may be increased by increasing plant species richness, but stability often varies at a given richness level implying a dependence on abundances and functional properties of member species. We measured stability in ANPP during 11 years in field plots (Texas, USA) in which we varied the richness and relative abundances of perennial grassland species at planting. We sought to identify species abundance patterns and functional traits linked to the acquisition and processing of essential resources that could be used to improve richness‐based predictions of community stability. We postulated that community stability would correlate with abundance‐weighted indices of traits that influence plant responses to environmental variation. Annual precipitation varied by a factor of three leading to large inter‐annual variation in ANPP. Regression functions with planted and realized richness (species with > 1% of community ANPP during the final four years) explained 32% and 25% of the variance in stability, respectively. Regression models that included richness plus the fraction of community ANPP produced by the two most abundant species in combination with abundance‐weighted values of either the fraction of sampled root biomass at 20–45 cm depth, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), or response to greater‐than‐average precipitation of plants grown in monocultures explained 58–69% (planted richness) and 58–64% (realized richness) of the variance in stability. Stability was greatest in communities that were not strongly dominated by only two species and in which plants rooted shallowly, had high values of LDMC, or responded to the wettest year with a minimal increase in ANPP. Our results indicate that the temporal stability of grassland ANPP may depend as much on species abundances and functional traits linked to plant responses to precipitation variability as on species richness alone.
Synthesis and Evolution of Zirconium Carbide via Sol–Gel Route: Features of Nanoparticle Oxide–Carbon Reactions
Authors: Ang Caen , Williams Tim , Seeber Aaron , Wang Huanting , Cheng Yi‐Bing 
Published: March 2013

A sol–gel route was used to synthesize nanocrystalline zirconium carbide (ZrC). The starting materials were zirconium propoxide, with carbon introduced by furfuryl alcohol (FA). A block copolymer surfactant was used to homogenize the oxide and carbon components. ZrC was produced at a low temperature of 1250°C and complete conversion achieved at 1450°C. The powder was nanocrystalline size less than 100 nm. Phase changes were studied using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Rietveld analysis followed the changes in crystallite size and lattice parameters of the phases during carbothermal reduction. Morphology changes were observed using nitrogen gas sorption. High‐resolution TEM and EDS were used to image the carbide lattice, surface oxides, and graphene‐like carbons. The results indicate that nanoparticle carbothermal synthesis involves agglomeration and necking as the most viable mode of mass transport to complete the carbothermal reduction.
Effective Laser Sealing Enabled by Glass Thick Films Containing Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kwon Oh Hyeon , Mohanty Bhaskar Chandra , Yeon Deuk Ho , Yeo Jong‐Seok , Lee Kyoungho , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: March 2013

An effective way of providing complete sealing of glass using an 810 nm diode laser was investigated for longer lifetime of glass panel‐based devices. Small amounts (<5 wt%) of laser‐absorbing materials such as carbon black (CB) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) were added to a bismuth zinc borate glass paste for instantaneous adhesion between glass substrates without interfacial cracks or severe pores. A higher laser power was required for a lower content of carbon for the laser‐assisted sealing of glass. As optimal compositions, the addition of 1.0 wt% CB or 0.5 wt% CNT led to complete densification of glass with higher optical transmittance. Higher absorption coefficients calculated in the CNT case, e.g., ~536.4 cm−1 for the 0.5 wt% CNT sample compared to ~277.6 cm−1 for the 0.5 wt% CB sample, are believed to be responsible for the effective sealing even with a lower content of CNT.
Direct Recording of Concealed Ventricular Extrasystoles Producing Pacer Inhibition
Authors: BOWERS MARK , BERGER MARCIE 
Published: March 2013

Demonstration of Concealed Ventricular EctopyWe report a case of concealed extrasystoles recorded from a pacing lead. The concealed extrasystoles were observed with right ventricular pacing, biventricular unipolar, and biventricular bipolar pacing. The simultaneous surface EKG did not show manifest ventricular extrasystoles with the concealed intracardiac potentials. This case highlights a cause of oversensing that has been theoretically reported in the literature but never directly observed.