bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAC transcription factor gene regulatory and protein–protein interaction networks in plant stress responses and senescence
Authors: Jensen Michael K. , Skriver Karen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlant‐specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors (TFs) have recently received considerable attention due to their significant roles in plant development and stress signaling. Here, we summarize progress in understanding NAC TFs in stress responses and senescence. We focus on interactions between the DNA‐binding NAC domain and target genes, and between the large, mostly disordered transcription regulatory domain of NAC TFs and protein interaction partners. Recent studies have identified both up‐stream regulators of NAC genes and down‐stream NAC target genes, outlining regulatory networks associated with NAC–protein interactions. This connects molecular interactions and signal pathway intersections with biological functions with promising use in agriculture. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):156–166, 2014
Evaluation of bone formation guided by DNA/protamine complex with FGF‐2 in an adult rat calvarial defect model
Authors: Shinozaki Yosuke , Toda Masako , Ohno Jun , Kawaguchi Minoru , Kido Hirofumi , Fukushima Tadao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDNA/protamine complex paste (D/P) and D/P complex paste with Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 (FGF‐2) (D/P‐FGF) were prepared to investigate their new bone formation abilities using an ∼40‐week‐old rat calvarial defect model. It was found that D/P could release FGF‐2 proportionally in an in vitro experiment with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It was also found that aging adversely affected self‐bone healing of rats by comparison with the results in a previous study using 10‐week‐old rats. Microcomputed tomography and histopathological examinations showed that new bone formation abilities of D/P and D/P‐FGF were superior to that of the control (sham operation). Control, D/P and D/P‐FGF showed newly formed bone areas of 6.7, 58.3, and 67.0%, respectively, 3 months after the operation. Moreover, it was found that FGF‐2 could support the osteoanagenesis ability of D/P. It was considered that FGF‐2 could play an important role in new bone formation at early stages because it induced the genes such as collagen I, CBFA, OSX, and OPN, which are initiated first in the process of osteogenesis. Therefore, D/P‐FGF will be a useful injectable biomaterial with biodegradable properties for the repair of bone defects in the elderly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1669–1676, 2014.
Assault by battery: Battery‐related injury in the head and neck
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Johnson Andrew P. , Folbe Adam J. , Carron Michael A. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Zuliani Giancarlo 
Published: March 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo estimate nationwide incidence of emergency department (ED) visits for battery‐related injury (BRI) occurring in the head and neck, and analyze demographic and anatomic‐specific trends.MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was searched for BRI in the head and neck, with analysis for incidence, anatomic site, age and gender, and specific diagnoses.ResultsThere were an estimated 18,803 head and neck BRI ED visits from 2003 to 2012. A total of 65.8% of patients were male. A total of 92.8% of patients were treated/examined and then released, and 4.7% of patients were admitted. A plurality (34.2%) of patients had BRI related to nose injures, and this represented the youngest cohort (median: 3 years old). The vast majority of ear and nose diagnoses were “foreign bodies”; two‐thirds of mouth injuries were related to burns, whereas lacerations predominated in the face and head. Nearly half of ED visits involved patients between 2 and 5 years of age. A total of 45.2% of cases involving patients ≥ 65 years of age were related to hearing aid batteries as foreign bodies.ConclusionBRI in the head and neck results in a significant amount of ED visits. Mechanisms of injury vary by age and anatomic location, but a considerable male predilection exists. Whereas pediatric patients are primarily affected, particularly patients between 2 to 5 years of age, injuries do occur among adults. Importantly, the prevalence of dislodged hearing‐aid batteries in the elderly necessitates comprehensive patient education to increase awareness and counseling regarding this complication. Awareness of demographic and anatomic‐specific trends reported in this analysis may be an invaluable adjunct for history‐taking and clinical examination.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope 124:2257–2261, 2014
Resveratrol inhibits glucose‐induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chiao , Chen Li‐Hsuen , Varadharajan T. , Tsai May‐Jywan , Chia Yi‐Chen , Yuan Ta‐Chun , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Weng Ching‐Feng 
Published: March 2014

ScopeDiabetes is a critical factor for atherosclerosis, as hyperglycemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration and subsequently contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. This study investigates whether resveratrol plays a regulatory role in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs under high glucose induction to imitate a hyperglycemic condition.Methods and resultsResveratrol inhibited the migration of VSMCs in the wound‐healing assay and the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia as assessed by atomic force microscopy scanning. Resveratrol suppressed the mRNA expression of c‐Src, Rac1, cdc42, IRS‐1, MEKK1, MEKK4, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase along with the protein levels of c‐Src, p‐Src, and cdc42 in VSMCs. Resveratrol decreased the level of p‐FAK protein under normal glucose conditions. Resveratrol could inhibit the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP 9 as shown by zymography. Moreover, resveratrol also regulated the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway and MMP activities of VSMC migration under the high glucose condition.ConclusionThe antimigratory effects of resveratrol by reduced MMP expression through the inhibition of Rac1, p‐FAK, and lamellipodia formation and the activation of p‐AKT and p‐ERK1/2 suggest that resveratrol is a potential compound for the treatment of vascular diseases via the regulation of VSMC migration.
Regulation of the polyamine metabolic pathway in the endometrium of cows during early diestrus
Authors: Ramos Roney dos Santos , Mesquita Fernando Silveira , D'Alexandri Fabio L. , Gonella‐Diaza Angela Maria , Papa Paula de Carvalho , Binelli Mario 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe timing and magnitude of exposure to preovulatory estradiol followed by post‐ovulatory progesterone (periovulatory endocrine milieu) in cattle modulate endometrial gene expression, histotroph composition, and conceptus development, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unknown. Using an experimental model based on the modulation of follicle growth, this work aimed to evaluate if the polyamine metabolic pathway is regulated by the periovulatory endocrine milieu. Nelore cows were manipulated to ovulate small (n = 15) or large (n = 15) follicles, then the profiles of polyamines and their synthetic enzymes were compared between groups. Transcripts for the enzymes of this pathway, ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1; the rate‐limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) protein quantification, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) protein immunolocalization, and concentrations of the different polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) were respectively quantified by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in both the endometrium and uterine flushing. No differences in gene and protein expression or concentration of polyamines were observed between groups. There were significant correlations between the relative abundance of ODC1 and spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) transcripts as well as between antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) transcripts. In conclusion, our results show that the polyamine metabolic pathway is present and functional, but not regulated by the periovulatory endocrine milieu in the bovine endometrium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 584–594, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The control of mechanical bow for GaN substrate grown by HVPE with relatively longer radius of lattice curvature
Authors: Lee Hae‐Yong , Choi Young‐Jun , Kim Jin‐Hun , Jang Hyun‐Soo , Oh Hae‐Kon , Kim Jun Young , Jung Jung Young , Hwang Jonghee 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe are going to develop GaN growth process by HVPE method, which shows the near null value of free standing (FS)‐GaN wafer bowing after laser lift‐off (LLO) process in order to reduce the production cost of GaN substrate. The 309 to 318 µm thick HVPE grown GaN layers on sapphire shows 574 to 669 µm of as grown bows, and –299 to 95 µm of bow after LLO process. The 440 µm thick HVPE grown GaN layer on sapphire shows 693 µm of as grown bow, and –4 µm of bow after LLO process. From this GaN template, we could get the 356 µm thick FS‐GaN wafer with 2 µm of bow after polishing. This GaN substrate shows at least 43.87 m of the radius of lattice curvature evaluated by 9‐points measuring of (004) rocking curve along center line parallel to the main flat plane. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characterization of AgGaTe2 layers grown on a‐ and c‐sapphire substrates by a closed space sublimation method
Authors: Uruno Aya , Usui Ayaka , Kobayashi Masakazu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAgGaTe2 layers were grown on a‐ and c‐plane sapphire substrates by a closed space sublimation method with varying the source temperature. Grown films were evaluated by θ ‐2θ and pole figure measurements of X‐ray diffraction. AgGaTe2 layers were grown to have strong preference for the (103) orientation. However, it was cleared the Ag5Te3 was formed along with the AgGaTe2 when the layer was grown on c‐plane sapphire. The orientation of the film was analyzed by using the pole figure, and resulted in AgGaTe2 without Ag5Te3 layers could be grown on a‐plane sapphire. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of membrane hardness and scaling analysis for capsules in planar extensional flows
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate computationally the effects of membrane hardness on the dynamics of strain-hardening capsules in planar extensional Stokes flows. As the flow rate increases, all capsules reach elongated steady-state configurations but the cross-section of the more strain-hardening capsules preserves its elliptical shape while the less strain-hardening capsules become lamellar. The capsule deformation in strong extensional flows is accompanied with very pointed edges, i.e. large edge curvatures and thus small local edge length scales, which makes the current investigation a multi-length interfacial dynamics problem. Our computational results for elongated strain-hardening capsules are accompanied with a scaling analysis which provides physical insight on the extensional capsule dynamics. The two distinct capsule conformations we found, i.e. the slender spindle and lamellar capsules, are shown to represent two different types of steady-state extensional dynamics. The former are stabilized mainly via the membrane’s shearing resistance and the latter via its area-dilatation resistance, associated with the elongation tension normal forces and thus both types differ from bubbles which are stabilized mainly via the lateral surface-tension normal forces. Our steady-state deformation results can be used to identify the elastic properties of a real capsule, i.e. the membrane’s shear and area-dilatation moduli, utilizing a single experimental technique.
Extreme solitary waves on falling liquid films
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Nguyen P.-K. , Ruyer-Quil C. , Bontozoglou V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDirect numerical simulation (DNS) of liquid film flow is used to compute fully developed solitary waves and to compare their characteristics with the predictions of low-dimensional models. Emphasis is placed on the regime of high inertia, where available models provide widely differing results. It is found that the parametric dependence of wave properties on inertia is highly non-trivial, and is satisfactorily approximated only by the four-equation model of Ruyer-Quil & Manneville (Eur. Phys. J. B, vol. 15, 2000, pp. 357–369). Detailed comparison of the asymptotic shapes of upstream and downstream tails is performed, and inherent limitations of all long-wave models are revealed. Local flow reversal in front of the main hump, which has been previously discussed in the literature, is shown to occur for an inertia range bounded from below and from above, and the boundaries are interpreted in terms of the capillary origin of the phenomenon. Computational results are reported for the entire range of Froude numbers, providing benchmark data for all wall inclinations.
Labor and Environment in Egypt since 1500
Authors: Mikhail Alan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTaking the long view, this article analyzes how the expanding power of Egyptian elites, and the emergent commercial agriculture they sponsored, forever changed the rural labor practices of peasant cultivators and their relationships to environmental resources. From the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517 until the second half of the eighteenth century, Egyptian farmers initiated and oversaw the construction and repair of small-scale irrigation and other infrastructural works in their local environments. They controlled how and when their labor was used. At the end of the eighteenth century, rural labor in Egypt dramatically changed. It became coerced, required the large-scale movement of peasant laborers, resulted in enormous environmental manipulation, and was often deadly. This article thus explains how forced labor, deleterious environmental exploitation, extractive economics, and population movements emerged at the end of the eighteenth century and how they have come to characterize the relationship between work and the environment in rural Egypt from that period until today.
Agricultural Involution in the Postwar Soviet Union
Authors: Smith Jenny Leigh 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article describes a form of agricultural labor intensification common in the postwar Soviet Union that shares some important similarities to Clifford Geertz's notion of agricultural involution, first devised to describe Javanese wet rice agriculture. Using the examples of hog farming and cotton production, this paper describes the phenomenon of postwar agricultural involution, and explores its limits and possibilities. The most important divergence from Geertz's original model is that in the Soviet cases, agricultural involution did not attain any form of environmental equilibrium; in fact, because of agricultural involution, the Soviet Union was forced to confront the environmental limits of agricultural intensification. The concept of agricultural involution provides a way of thinking about the relative flexibility or rigidity of agroecological health in the face of labor intensification. This quality—how much additional labor and how many extra humans an agricultural ecosystem is able to support—is critical in evaluating how robust or fragile a landscape is.
Transience, Labor, and Nature: Itinerant Workers in the American West
Authors: Dyl Joanna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article focuses on the tens of thousands of itinerant workers, also known as tramps or hoboes, who provided the primary labor force for the natural resource extraction industries of the American West in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Itinerant workers' visceral encounters with nature differed from the experiences of most urban residents in this era of city growth and related anxiety about Americans' loss of contact with the natural world. This article argues that some hoboes embraced time spent in “wild” nature as an escape from work, and they consciously asserted their ability to appreciate nature in the face of claims that such appreciation was class-specific. As workers and as travelers, itinerant laborers experienced and knew nature in ways that reflected both their distinct circumstances as mobile industrial wage workers and the cultural context of a national obsession with nonhuman nature.
Empire, Labor, and Environment: Coal Mining and Anticapitalist Environmentalism in the Americas
Authors: Chomsky Aviva , Striffler Steve 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLatin American political movements linking traditional peasant values of subsistence with a leftist critique of imperialism are contributing to new forms of environmentalism there. While in the United States labor and environmental movements tend to operate within mainstream political and economic models based on privileging high levels of consumption and economic growth, Latin American voices are challenging both the global economic order and traditional concepts of economic development. From indigenous and peasant movements to leftist labor unions to political leaders, Latin Americans are calling for economic development that privileges the rights of rural peoples and their environments, and redistribution of resources domestically and globally. Yet they remain imbedded in an international economy based on extractivism and economic growth, which poses significant challenges to any alternative paths.
All-optical manipulation and probing of the d–f exchange interaction in EuTe
Authors: Subkhangulov R. R. , Henriques A. B. , Rappl P. H. O. , Abramof E. , Rasing Th. , Kimel A. V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate that the ultrafast fast dynamics of the d–f exchange interaction, between conduction band electrons and lattice spins in EuTe, can be accessed using an all-optical technique. Our results reveal, in full detail, the time evolution of the d–f exchange interaction induced by a femtosecond laser pulse. Specifically, by monitoring the time resolved dynamics of the reflectivity changes and Kerr rotation of a weak light pulse reflected from the surface of the sample, it is shown that an intense femtosecond light pulse with photon energies higher than that of the bandgap, triggers spin waves in EuTe. The laser-induced spin waves modulate the d–f exchange interaction and cause the bandgap to oscillate with an amplitude reaching 1 meV, at frequencies up to tens of GHz. The ability to control and monitor the dynamics of the exchange energy with our all-optical technique opens up new opportunities for the manipulation of magnetism at ultrafast time-scales.
HIV-1 Nef Induces CCL5 production in astrocytes through p38-MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway and utilizes NF-kB, CEBP and AP-1 transcription factors
Authors: Liu Xun , Shah Ankit , Gangwani Mohitkumar R. , Silverstein Peter S. , Fu Mingui , Kumar Anil 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains high in patients infected with HIV-1. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by astrocytes/microglia exposed to viral proteins is thought to be one of the mechanisms leading to HIV-1- mediated neurotoxicity. In the present study we examined the effects of Nef on CCL5 induction in astrocytes. The results demonstrate that CCL5 is significantly induced in Nef-transfected SVGA astrocytes. To determine the mechanisms responsible for the increased CCL5 caused by Nef, we employed siRNA and chemical antagonists. Antagonists of NF-κB, PI3K and p38 significantly reduced the expression levels of CCL5 induced by Nef transfection. Furthermore, specific siRNAs demonstrated that the Akt, p38MAPK, NF-κB, CEBP and AP-1 pathways play a role in Nef-mediated CCL5 expression. The results demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways, along with the transcription factors NF-κB, CEBP and AP-1, are involved in Nef-induced CCL5 production in astrocytes.
Auto‐calibration of Hall effect sensors for home energy consumption monitoring
Authors: Beaufort Samson G. , Levasseur M.‐A. , Gagnon F. , Gagnon G. 
Published: March 2014

A technique to improve the accuracy of an electrical energy consumption monitoring system is proposed. This system is based on a network of Hall effect wireless sensors attached to the wire at the output of every circuit breaker in the electrical distribution panel. The readings provided by the Hall effect sensors show significant gain errors due to their sensitivity to the distance between the sensor and the monitored wire. To mitigate these gain errors and increase the system accuracy, the addition of a single high‐precision current transformer sensor at the main electrical input is proposed, measuring the total current. This signal is used as the reference signal in a least‐mean square algorithm to compensate for the unknown gains of the Hall effect sensors. Experimental results using three prototype Hall effect sensors show that the proposed solution converges within 1.7 min, reducing the average current measurement error from 2.54 to 0.46 Arms.
Combining diagonal connection and cancellation turn in electromagnetic interference filtering
Authors: Kostov Konstantin S. , Nee Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2014

In this study, a new printed circuit board (PCB) implementation of the diagonal connection is proposed. The two capacitors that are connected diagonally are laid out as close as possible and in such a way that their currents have opposite directions. The new layout combines the benefits of the so‐called ‘cancellation turn’ with the benefits of the diagonal connection, without the need for additional PCB space and components. The experimental results show that the self‐resonant frequency of the diagonally connected capacitors increased by 32%. Additionally, the coupling between the diagonally connected capacitors and a capacitor on the other side of the filter was reduced by 20–25 dB.
Bridge dictionaries as bridges between languages
Authors: Skoumalová Hana 
Published: March 2014

Bridge dictionaries are a new sort of dictionary for learners of English. They are based on the monolingual Cobuild learners' dictionaries, and they are partly translated – they contain translated definitions and translation equivalents. This paper shows the possible ways of exploiting Bridge dictionaries for creating new bilingual or multilingual dictionaries.
One possible way is to extract corresponding translation equivalents, edit them, and make a new printed dictionary. As both sides of such a dictionary were originally created as translations from English, the dictionary requires quite a lot of lexicographic work.
Another possibility is to create an electronic version of the dictionary “as is”. For this purpose, it is necessary to convert the dictionary first into SGML format and define its DTD. This format can then serve as a standard for future Bridge dictionaries and adding new language modules to existing dictionaries would be quite easy.