bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Stool Microbiota of Simmental Calves and Effects of Diarrhea on Their Gut Microbiota
Authors: Wang Qianxun , Na Mula , Jia Shiyu , Sun Miao , Gao Song , Pan Shiwei , Dong Wu , Song Yang , Yang Jingfeng 
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of Simmental calves before weaning and to compare the microbial composition and functionality between healthy calves and those with diarrhea. Fourteen neonatal Simmental calves were divided into a healthy group (n = 8) and a diarrhea group (n = 6). Rectal stool samples were collected from each calf on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V1–V9 region was conducted to examine changes in the gut microbiota over time in both groups and to assess the influence of diarrhea on microbiota structure and function. Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and B. vulgatus were the top three bacterial species in preweaning Simmental calves. Meanwhile, the major functions of the fecal microbiota included “metabolic pathways”, “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”, “biosynthesis of antibiotics”, “microbial metabolism in diverse environments”, and “biosynthesis of amino acids”. For calves in the healthy group, PCoA revealed that the bacterial profiles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 differed from those on days 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. The profiles on day 12 clustered with both groups, indicating that microbial structure changes increased with age. When comparing the relative abundance of bacteria between healthy and diarrheic calves, the beneficial Lactobacillus johnsonii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Limosilactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the healthy group than those in the diarrhea group (p < 0.05). This study provides fundamental insights into the gut microbiota composition of Simmental calves before weaning, potentially facilitating early interventions for calf diarrhea and probiotic development.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Perioperative Colonization by Infection-Related Microorganisms in Patients Receiving Intraoral Microvascular Grafts
Authors: Moellmann Henriette Louise , Kommer Katharina , Karnatz Nadia , Pfeffer Klaus , Henrich Birgit , Rana Majeed 
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: In oral and maxillofacial surgery, the reconstruction of defects often involves the transfer of skin tissue into the oral cavity utilizing microvascular grafts. This study investigates postoperative changes in microbial colonization following intraoral microvascular transplantation, as well as potential influencing factors. Methods: In 37 patients undergoing intraoral reconstructions, pre- and postoperative swabs were taken from the donor and recipient regions to quantify the seven selected marker bacteria using TaqMan PCRs. Patient-specific factors and clinical data were also recorded. Results: The infection-associated Acinetobacter baumannii tended to decrease postoperatively, while the infectious pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and the family of Enterobacteriaceae showed a postoperative increase without being directly associated with a clinical infection. Streptococcus mitis showed a significant postoperative decrease on buccal mucosa and increase on the graft surface (oral dysbiosis) and was significantly reduced or displaced by other bacteria (e.g., Mycoplasma salivarium, positive selection) when treated with ampicillin/sulbactam. Conclusions: The cutaneous microbiome of the graft adapts to the local intraoral environment. Postoperative shifts in oral bacterial colonization and an increase in infection-relevant bacteria were observed. These perioperative changes in colonization are also influenced by the administration of ampicillin/sulbactam. Consequently, single doses of antibiotics appear to be more beneficial compared to longer-term preventive use.
Ommastrephes caroli (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Adriatic Sea: Morphometry, Age, and Genetic Characterization
Authors: Petrić Mirela , Dadić Marija , Roje Damir , Udovičić David , Stanić Rino , Trumbić Željka 
Published: July 2024

This study gives the first data on the body and beak morphometric characteristics, age, and genetic structure of neon flying squid, a rarely caught cephalopod in the Adriatic Sea. We identified specimens as recently resurrected Ommastrephes caroli species using two mitochondrial markers, 16S ribosomal RNA gene and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Overall, 23 juveniles (3 females, 3 males, and 17 unsexed), with a dorsal mantle range of 65–152 mm, were caught in September 2020 in the waters of the Korčula Channel, island of Palagruža, and island of Jabuka, thus providing the most abundant sample of this species in the Mediterranean waters. The length–weight relationship showed an isometric growth. The results of the beak/length regressions suggest hood length is a useful characteristic for biomass estimation studies, as it showed a good linear fit to the dorsal mantle length. Statolith growth increments were easily visible and statolith microstructure analysis was successfully used to determine the age of 22 individuals. The estimated age ranged from 36 to 64 days (mean = 48 days). The back-calculation analysis showed that the squid hatched during July and August 2020, indicating that O. caroli spawns during the warmer, summertime period. Considering the size and age of the caught individuals, the Adriatic Sea could represent a potential feeding ground for this species. The genetic structure analyses indicate the existence of separate Atlantic and Mediterranean/Adriatic subclusters; however, this warrants further investigation.
The Impact of High-Temperature Stress on Gut Microbiota and Reproduction in Siberian Hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Shen Wenjing , Gao Peng , Zhou Kunying , Li Jin , Bo Tingbei , Xu Deli 
Published: July 2024

Global warming has induced alterations in the grassland ecosystem, such as elevated temperatures and decreased precipitation, which disturb the equilibrium of these ecosystems and impact various physiological processes of grassland rodents, encompassing growth, development, and reproduction. As global warming intensifies, the repercussions of high-temperature stress on small mammals are garnering increased attention. Recently, research has highlighted that the composition and ratio of gut microbiota are not only shaped by environmental factors and the host itself but also reciprocally influence an array of physiological functions and energy metabolism in animals. In this research, we combined 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing with conventional physiological assessments, to elucidate the consequences of high-temperature stress on the gut microbiota structure and reproductive capacity of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). The results were as follows: 1. The growth and development of male and female hamsters in the high-temperature group were delayed, with lower body weight and reduced food intake. 2. High temperature inhibits the development of reproductive organs in both female and male hamsters. 3. High temperature changes the composition and proportion of gut microbiota, reducing bacteria that promote reproduction, such as Pseudobutyricoccus, Ruminiclostridium-E, Sporofaciens, UMGS1071, and CAG_353. Consequently, our study elucidates the specific impacts of high-temperature stress on the gut microbiota dynamics and reproductive health of Siberian hamsters, thereby furnishing insights for managing rodent populations amidst global climatic shifts. It also offers a valuable framework for understanding seasonal variations in mammalian reproductive strategies, contributing to the broader discourse on conservation and adaptation under changing environmental conditions.
Targeting Liver Xor by GalNAc-siRNA Is an Effective Strategy for Hyperuricemia Therapy
Authors: Sun Huiyan , Wang Xinxia , Li Yongqiang , Shen Yingzhi , Zhang Lin , Xu Yingjie , Liu Junling , Fan Xuemei 
Published: July 2024

Hyperuricemia, i.e., increased plasma uric acid concentration, is a common problem in clinical practice, leading to gout or nephrolithiasis, and is associated with other disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and chronic renal disease. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme involved in uric acid synthesis and a promising target for hyperuricemia therapy. However, XOR inhibitors currently face clinical problems such as a short half-life and side effects. Here, we found that specifically targeting liver Xor with GalNAc-siRNAs had a good therapeutic effect on hyperuricemia. First, siRNAs were designed to target various sites in the homologous region between Homo sapiens and Mus musculus Xor mRNA and were screened in primary mouse hepatocytes. Then, the siRNAs were modified to increase their stability in vivo and conjugated with GalNAc for liver-specific delivery. The effects of GalNAc-siRNAs were evaluated in three hyperuricemia mouse models, including potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine administration in WT and humanized XDH mice and Uox knockout mice. Febuxostat, a specific XOR inhibitor used for hyperuricemia treatment, was used as a positive control. Targeting liver Xor with GalNAc-siRNAs by subcutaneous administration reduced plasma uric acid levels, uric acid accumulation in the kidney, renal inflammation, and fibrosis, thereby alleviating kidney damage in hyperuricemia mouse models without hepatoxicity. The results demonstrated that targeting liver Xor with GalNAc-siRNAs was a promising strategy for hyperuricemia therapy.
Pediatric Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Own Experience
Authors: Бабаханов Г.К. 
Published: July 2024

Дакриоцисториностомия – создание функциональной анормальной фистулы (стомы) из слезного мешка в средний носовой ход при дакриоциститах посредством остеотомии костей слезной ямки (fossa sacci lacrimalis). Ее можно проводить наружным или эндоназальным доступом. Эндоназальный хирургический подход у детей с дакриоциститами отличается от такового у взрослых. Нами разработаны показания и противопоказания к проведению операции, так как с 1986 г. по сей день в нашей клинике произведено более 400 эндоназальных дакриоцисториностомий у детей. Цель работы – оповестить о показаниях, противопоказаниях и эффективности эндоназальной эндоскопической дакриоцисториностомии у детей. Анализ результатов показал, что следование определенным показаниям, противопоказаниям и рекомендуемой технике оториноларингологической эндоназальной эндоскопической дакриоцисториностомии у детей способствует эффективному (98%) и безопасному лечению детей с хроническими дакриоциститами и даже осложненной флегмоной слезного мешка при низкой частоте осложнений.
Dacryocystorhinostomy is a creation of a functional abnormal fistula (stoma) from the lacrimal sac into the middle nasal meatus in dacryocystitis, through osteotomy of the bones of the lacrimal fossa (fossa sacci lacrimalis). It can be performed externally or endonasally. The endonasal surgical approach in children with dacryocystitis differs from that in adults. We have established indications and contraindications for the operation, because from 1986 to the present day, our clinic has performed more than 400 endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies in children. Purpose of the work – to provide information about indications, contraindications and effectiveness of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children. The analysis of the results revealed that following our indications, contraindications and recommended techniques for otorhinolaryngological endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children contributes to effective (98%) and safe treatment of children with chronic dacryocystitis and even with complicated phlegmon of the lacrimal sac along with low complication rate.
PENGGUNAAN METODE ROLE PLAYING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 38 PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS TENTANG DAMPAK GLOBALISASI
Authors: Said Ishak 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Latar belakang masalah dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa belum aktif karena guru masih banyak menggunakan metode konvensional berupa ceramah, sehingga hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 38 Pangkalpinang, belum mencapai nilai ketuntasan yang optimal. Masalah yang dirumuskan sebagai berikut: â€œApakah dengan penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Role Playing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tentang Dampak Globalisasi pada siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 38 Pangkalpinang?â€.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Model PTK menggunakan 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yakni 1) perencanaan tindakan (planning), 2) pelaksanaan tindakan (action) dan 3) pengamatan (observation), dan 4) refleksi (reflection). Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 38 Pangkalpinang sebanyak 23 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik tes dan teknik observasi. Adapun instrumen penelitiannya dengan menggunakan butir-butir soal dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif yang meliputi perbandingan mean, dan persentase.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar IPS siswa tentang dampak globalisasi, setelah menggunakan metode pembelajaran role playing. Hal ini nampak pada perbandingan nilai rata-rata yakni pada kondisi pra siklus sebesar 60, sedangkan pada siklus 1 naik menjadi 65 dan pada siklus 2 meningkat lagi menjadi 70. Adapun skor kreativitas belajar klasikal pada kondisi pra siklus 55 %; siklus I meningkat naik menjadi 75% dan pada siklus II meningkat naik menjadi 85%.
Kata Kunci : Metode,Role Playing dan Hasil Belajar
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Respon Perilaku untuk Mengukur Keterampilan Membaca Siswa Kelas Tinggi Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pongtiku II Makassar
Authors: Aminah Nur Aminah Radjab , Akib Erwin , Arief Tarman A. 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas dan realibilitas instrumen penilaian berbasis respon perilaku untuk mengukur keterampilan membaca siswa kelas tinggi di SDN Pongtiku II Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan melalui observasi dan data kuantitatif melalui pengisian angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Berdasarkan hasil analisa kelayakan “Instrumen penilaian berbasis respon perilaku untuk mengukur keterampilan membaca siswa kelas tinggi” ini dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan, dengan perolehan validasi ahli sebesar 95% untuk aspek kelayakan isi, 95% untuk aspek kelayakan penyajian, 95% untuk aspek kelayakan kebahasaan dan 95% untuk aspek penilaian kontekstual, dengan kategori secara keseluruhan Sangat Layak; dan (3) Berdasarkan hasil analisa keefektifan “Instrumen penilaian berbasis respon perilaku untuk mengukur keterampilan membaca siswa kelas tinggi” ini dinyatakan cukup efektif yang dilakukan pada 92 siswa meski terdapat beberapa siswa yang mengajukan pertanyaan terkait butir item tertentu, namun dapat dituntaskan.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Holo Math terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Matematika Peserta Didik SD Inpres 40 Matawolot
Authors: Kusuma Hadi Satria 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Satria Kusuma Hadi /148620617091. PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN HOLO MATH (HOLOGRAM MATHEMATIC) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT KELAS VI SD INPRES 40 KABUPATEN SORONG. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong. Desember 2023
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui Pengaruh media pembelajaran holo math (Hologram Matematic)terhadap hasil belajar matematika pada materi bilangan bulat kelas VI SD Inpres 40 Kabupaten Sorong . Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis Pre-Exsperimental atau Pra Eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, pembagian lembar angket, menggunakan soal post test pre test, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau mengambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya tanpa maksud membuat kesimpulan yang berlaku untuk umum atau genaralisasi. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan uji normalitas yang mengggunakan uji Kolmogrov-Smirnov untuk mengetahui persebaran data yang dilakukan normal atau tidak. Kesimpulannya Aktivitas belajar peserta didik yang yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan media holo math lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan media.mereka lebih mudah memahami matematika dengan materi yang disugukan bilangan bulat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil presentase rata-rata kedua pengamat yang dilakukan sebelum diberi tindakan dan sesudah diberi tindakan yang tertera pada hasil SPSS V23.0 nilai singnifikansi 0,153 dan vidio holo math termasuk dalam kategori baik, berdasarkan hasil observasi dan angket yang dibagikan pada peserta didik. Adapun nilai post tes dan pre test yang menunjukkan bahwa setelah di beri tindakan terdapat perubahan yang signifikan.
BRICS enlargement: Benefits for Russia and priority areas for further cooperation
Authors: Malykh E. B. 
Published: July 2024

Aim. To identify the advantages of BRICS enlargement and justify the most priority areas of further cooperation from the point of view of Russia’s geopolitical and geo-economic interests. Objectives. To study scientific materials in the context of the research topic; to assess the impact of BRICS on the political situation in the world arena and identify promising areas of further cooperation; to assess the change in the balance of power in the global energy market; to identify the most effective areas of cooperation between the countries to ensure BRICS security; to specify the relevant interaction between the countries in the financial sphere; to assess the impact of BRICS on integration with African countries; to identify the most priority areas of further cooperation; to identify the most effective areas of cooperation between the countries of the BRICS and Russia.Methods. The study uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and systematic approach.Results. The article assesses the advantages of the expansion of the association and the directions of further cooperation from the point of view of Russian geopolitical and geo-economic interests. The article substantiates that the most promising areas of cooperation are deepening the coordination of foreign policy of the BRICS countries, implementation of measures to ensure collective security, establishment of monopoly pricing in the energy market, introduction of a common settlement system and a single unit of account for the countries of the association, implementation of large-scale logistics projects. The author proposes a mechanism for pricing commodities in BRICS units of account, whereby the exchange market price in BRICS units of account is adjusted by the BRICS countries based on agreements between them.Conclusions. BRICS is changing the vector of global development from unipolar to multipolar. Russia, being in the center of these processes, increases its political weight due to the commitment of more and more countries to the ideas of changing the existing world order. The most priority areas for further interaction are the work in the direction of foreign policy coordination of the member countries, joint search for effective responses to the challenges and threats to international and regional security, closer cooperation in the field of pricing in the energy market, financial sphere, scientific and technical sector and high technology; implementation of global logistics projects.
Digitalization as an element of the system of business model building in the management of entrepreneurial projects within the concept of sustainable development
Authors: Litau E. Ya. , Kholodov V. V. 
Published: July 2024

Aim. To develop recommendations for the implementation of digital tools in the management of entrepreneurial projects to realize the strategic model of projective social responsibility.Objectives. To propose the concept of projective social responsibility for small developing entrepreneurial projects in order to increase their economic efficiency in the long term; to substantiate the necessity of applying digital solutions in order to implement the concept of sustainable development of small business as the most promising strategy of market behavior.Methods. The authors used the methods of analysis, grouping and generalization, typologization, synthesis, tabular visualization.Results. The main digital solutions shaping ESGD-transformation are identified and their use in the resource industry is determined. The necessity of using digital solutions is substantiated and the concept of projective social responsibility for small businesses is proposed. Recommendations for the presentation and use of modern technologies related to sustainable development are formulated.Conclusions. Increasing the level of digitalization and implementation of the principles of sustainable development of organizations contributes to overall efficiency for all economic entities, regardless of the scale of their activities. Based on the reviewed sustainability reports, it is concluded that ESGD transformation is implemented in large companies. On the contrary, small businesses mainly belong to the reactive model of projective social responsibility. However, with the help of digital tools mentioned by the authors, small businesses can also reach a new level of strategic social responsibility.