bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Computer Decision Support in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP)
Authors: Olson J.A. , Stenehjem E. , Buckel W.R. , Thorell E.A. , Howe S. , Wu X. , Jones P.S. , Lloyd J.F. , Evans R.S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjective: Document information needs, gaps within the current electronic applications and reports, and workflow interruptions requiring manual information searches that decreased the ability of our antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) at Intermountain Healthcare (IH) to prospectively audit and provide feedback to clinicians to improve antimicrobial use.Methods: A framework was used to provide access to patient information contained in the electronic medical record, the enterprise-wide data warehouse, the data-driven alert file and the enterprise-wide encounter file to generate alerts and reports via pagers, emails and through the Centers for Diseases and Control’s National Healthcare Surveillance Network.Results: Four new applications were developed and used by ASPs at Intermountain Medical Center (IMC) and Primary Children’s Hospital (PCH) based on the design and input from the pharmacists and infectious diseases physicians and the new Center for Diseases Control and Prevention/ National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) antibiotic utilization specifications. Data from IMC and PCH now show a general decrease in the use of drugs initially targeted by the ASP at both facilities.Conclusions: To be effective, ASPs need an enormous amount of “timely” information. Members of the ASP at IH report these new applications help them improve antibiotic use by allowing efficient, timely review and effective prioritization of patients receiving antimicrobials in order to optimize patient care.Citation: Evans RS, Olson JA, Stenehjem E, Buckel WR, Thorell EA, Howe S, Wu X, Jones PS, Lloyd JF. Use of computer decision support in an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 120–135http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-11-RA-0102
Statistics of Langmuir wave amplitudes observed inside Saturn's foreshock by the Cassini spacecraft
Authors: Píša David , Hospodarsky George B. , Kurth William S. , Santolík Ondřej , Souček Jan , Gurnett Donald A. , Masters Adam , Hill Matthew E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present the first systematic study of Langmuir wave amplitudes in Saturn's foreshock using the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science/Wideband Receiver measurements. We analyzed all foreshock crossings from June 2004 to December 2009 using an automatic method to identify Langmuir waves. Using this method, almost 3 × 105 waveform intervals of typical duration of about a minute were selected. For each selected waveform interval the position of the satellite inside the foreshock was calculated using an adaptive bow shock model, which was parametrized by the observed magnetic field and plasma data. We determined the wave amplitudes for all waveform intervals, and we found that the probability density function amplitudes follow a lognormal distribution with a power law tail. A nonlinear fit for this tail gives a power law exponent of −1.37 ± 0.01. The distribution of amplitudes as a function of the depth in the foreshock shows the onset of the waves near the upstream boundary with its maximum slightly shifted inside the foreshock (∼1 RS). The amplitudes then fall off with increasing depth in the downstream region. Our results are in agreement with previous observations and roughly follow the generally accepted stochastic growth theory mechanism for the foreshock region, with an exception at the highest observed amplitudes. The estimated energy density ratio W for largest amplitudes does not exceed 10−2, suggesting that modulational instability is not relevant for a large majority of waves. The decay instability can be important for the stronger electrostatic waves in Saturn's foreshock, as was previously reported for multiple solar system planets.
Further evidence for a connection between auroral kilometric radiation and ground‐level signals measured in Antarctica
Authors: LaBelle J. , Yan X. , Broughton M. , Pasternak S. , Dombrowski M. , Anderson R. R. , Frey H. U. , Weatherwax A. T. , Ebihara Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInspired by recent observations of three cases of coincident ground‐level auroral kilometric radiation (AKR)‐like signals and outgoing AKR measured with the Geotail satellite, investigation of 2008 data from four Antarctic observatories yields >30 additional examples. The occurrence rate peaks near 22 MLT similar to that of AKR. Polarization measurements of one event show it to be right‐hand polarized. Correlation analysis of ground‐level and satellite data suggests an imperfect correlation with 2–3 sigma significance, although occasionally much better. (Perfect correlation is not expected, for at least two reasons: distant satellites detect AKR from many sources over a significant part of the oval, and many effects can hinder transmission of AKR from those sources to either distant satellites or ground stations.) Statistical analysis of the existing quantity of data is therefore suggestive but does not prove a connection between the ground‐level AKR‐like signals and outgoing AKR. However, two other methods provide evidence favoring such a connection. The first full‐resolution measurements of ground‐level AKR‐like signals show that their fine structure strongly resembles that of AKR as known from high‐resolution spacecraft receivers. Two case studies show that the location of active aurora, presumed connected with the AKR sources, controls whether or not the ground station detects the AKR, or which of several ground stations detects it most strongly. These investigations strengthen the hypothesis that through some mechanism, sources of outgoing AKR detected by distant satellites occasionally generate signals detectable as whistler mode waves at low altitude or right‐hand polarized signals at ground level.
Wormhole formation and compact dissolution in single‐ and two‐phase CO2‐brine injections
Authors: Ott Holger , Oedai Sjaam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInjection of acids and CO2 into geologic formations leads to dissolution of soluble minerals comprising reservoirs rocks. This increases the uncertainty in predicting the security and injectivity of geologic CO2 storage. Here through time‐lapse computed tomography of injection experiments, we present the first dynamic data on wormhole formation and the fluid flow therein. We show that the dissolution during single‐phase flow produces wormholes, as found previously, but that two‐phase flow during CO2‐brine injection leads to compact dissolution. The latter is explained by CO2 preferentially occupying wormhole seeds, which prevents their growth as CO2 is less reactive than acidic brine. On the other hand, the wormhole seeds continue to grow under single‐phase flows with only acidic fluid. The results also suggest that initial Péclet and Damköhler numbers for the single‐phase flow process would fail to describe the dynamic process of whether compact or wormhole dissolution would ensue.
Solvent‐ and Transition Metal Catalyst‐Dependent Regioselectivity in the [3+2] Cyclocondensation of Trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐ynones with Hydrazines: Switchable Access to 3‐ and 5‐Trifluoromethylpyrazoles
Authors: Hsieh Min‐Tsang , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Lin Hui‐Chang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the [3+2] cyclocondensation of trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐ynones with hydrazines can be readily tuned to preferentially afford either 3‐ or 5‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles through variation of the reaction conditions. Under catalysis with copper(II) acetate (2.0 mol%), cyclocondensation proceeded smoothly to yield 3‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles with high regioselectivity. In contrast, when the reaction was conducted in dimethyl sulfoxide under catalyst‐free conditions, the formation of 5‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles was predominantly observed.magnified image
Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Oxoesters Catalyzed by a Metal‐Templated Chiral Brønsted Base
Authors: Ding Xiaobing , Lin Huihua , Gong Lei , Meggers Eric 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe enantioselective addition of aromatic thiols to α,β‐unsaturated γ‐oxoesters bearing an imidazole substituent in the δ position and catalyzed by an inert octahedral bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complex is reported. High enantioselectivity down to catalyst loadings of 0.05 mol % is achieved mediated by the formation of well‐arranged hydrogen bonds within the ligand sphere of the catalyst after the initial proton transfer. This work highlights the manifold opportunities provided by this metal‐templated design strategy in which the metal exerts a purely structural role whereas catalysis occurs through the organic ligand sphere (metal‐templated organocatalysis).
Cycloelimination of Imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Mechanism and Insights into the Synthesis of Stable “NHC‐CDI” Amidinates
Authors: Zhukhovitskiy Aleksandr V. , Geng Julie , Johnson Jeremiah A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jeremiah A. Johnson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The image depicts the conversion of 1,3‐bis(aryl)imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes to zwitterionic “NHC‐CDI” amidinates (NHC‐CDI = N‐heterocyclic carbene–carbodiimide). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500052.
Very low utility of surveillance imaging in early‐stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine and radiation therapy
Authors: Gandikota Neetha , Hartridge‐Lambert Sidonie , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Yahalom Joachim , Portlock Carol S. , Schöder Heiko 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the need for surveillance imaging in early‐stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) after planned combined‐modality therapy (CMT).METHODSPrimary early‐stage cHL patients who underwent CMT were included. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), CT, or both were performed at the initial staging, during or after chemotherapy, and for at least 2 years during follow‐up. Imaging studies and medical records were reviewed to determine if and when relapse had occurred. Radiation doses and costs were also calculated from follow‐up imaging.RESULTSThe study included 78 patients with a median follow‐up of 46 months; 85% of the patients had stage II disease (32% with bulky disease). Four of 77 interim PET scans were positive; none of these patients relapsed during follow‐up, which ranged from 24 to 80 months. After a total of 466 follow‐up imaging studies (91% with CT and 9% with PET/CT), no cHL relapse was detected. Eleven abnormal findings were noted on surveillance imaging: 9 were false‐positives, and 2 were second primary malignancies. The average cumulative dose per patient from follow‐up imaging was 107 mSv, which translated into an estimated lifetime excess cancer risk of 0.5%; the estimated total costs were $296,817 according to Medicare reimbursements.CONCLUSIONSSurveillance imaging with either CT or PET/CT can be omitted safely for early‐stage cHL treated with a combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine and radiation therapy because the risk of relapse is extremely low. This observation also applies to patients with bulky disease. The elimination of surveillance imaging will also reduce healthcare expenses and cumulative radiation doses in these predominantly young patients. Cancer 2015;121:1985–1992. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Melanin‐Inspired Organic Electronics: Electroluminescence in Asymmetric Triazatruxenes
Authors: Manini Paola , Criscuolo Valeria , Ricciotti Laura , Pezzella Alessandro , Barra Mario , Cassinese Antonio , Crescenzi Orlando , Maglione Maria Grazia , Tassini Paolo , Minarini Carla , Barone Vincenzo , d'Ischia Marco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe oxidative polymerization of 5,6‐dihydroxyindoles and related hydroxyindoles at pH<3 is diverted from the usual eumelanin‐forming pathway to produce mixtures of symmetric and asymmetric triazatruxenes (TATs), which could be separated and characterized for their opto‐electronic properties with the aid of TD‐DFT calculations. Data showed that the asymmetric isomers exhibit higher fluorescence quantum efficiencies, lower HOMO–LUMO gaps, better film homogeneity, and a more definite aggregation behavior than the symmetric counterparts, suggesting promising applications in organic electronics. The enhanced luminance exhibited by the OLED devices fabricated with blends of the synthesized TATs in poly‐9‐vinylcarbazole confirmed the potential of the asymmetric skeleton as new versatile platform for light‐emitting materials.
Shade treatment affects structure and recovery of invasiveC4 African grassEchinochloa pyramidalis
Authors: López Rosas Hugo , Moreno‐Casasola Patricia , Espejel González Verónica E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEchinochloa pyramidalis(Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase is an African grass with C4 photosynthesis, high biomass production, and high vegetative propagation that is tolerant to grazing and able to grow in flooded and dry conditions. Thus, it is highly invasive in tropical freshwater marshes where it is intentionally planted by ranchers to increase cattle production. This invasion is reducing plant biodiversity by increasing the invader's aerial coverage, changing wetland hydrology and causing soil physicochemical changes such as vertical accretion. Reducing the dominance of this species and increasing the density of native wetland species is a difficult, expensive, and time‐consuming process. We applied a series of disturbance treatments aimed at eliminatingE. pyramidalisand recovering the native vegetation of a partially invaded freshwater marsh. Treatments included physical (cutting, soil disking, transplanting individuals of the key native speciesSagittaria lancifoliasubsp.media(Micheli) Bogin, and/or reducing light with shade mesh) and/or chemical (spraying Round‐Up™herbicide) disturbances. At the end of the experiment, four of the five treatments used were effective in increasing the cover and biomass of native species and reducing that ofE. pyramidalis. The combination of these treatments should be used to generate a proposal for the restoration of tropical wetlands invaded by non‐native grasses. A promising treatment is using soil disked to soften the soil and destroy belowground structures such as roots and rhizomes. This treatment would be more promising if combined with the use of shade cloth. If it is desirable not to impact the soil or if there is not enough budget to make an effort to include active restoration disking soil, the use of shade cloth will suffice, although the recovery of native vegetation will be slower.
The relation of South China Sea monsoon onset with the subsequent rainfall over the subtropical East Asia
Authors: He Jinhai , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset and the subsequent subtropical East Asian monsoon rainfall from May to September (SEAMR) is investigated. The SCSSM onset is found to have a significant positive correlation with the SEAMR stretching from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (LYR) to the southern Japan; e.g. the early onset of the SCSSM tends to be succeeded by less SEAMR, whereas the late onset is likely to be followed by more SEAMR. The positive relationship between the SCSSM onset and the SEAMR is directly controlled by the persistent western North Pacific anti‐cyclonic/cyclonic (WNPAC/WNPC) circulation anomaly from boreal spring to summer. The persistence of the large‐scale circulation anomalies are accompanied by the decaying phase of El Niño (La Niña) with the pronounced sea‐surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), the western North Pacific and the topical central and eastern Pacific Ocean (PO), respectively. Further numerical experiments indicate that the topical IO SSTA governs the positive relationship between the SCSSM onset and the subsequent SEAMR. On one hand, the wavelength of the Kevin‐wave response to tropical IO SSTA forcing is three times that of the Rossby‐wave response to the western North Pacific SSTA forcing. The Kevin‐wave response directly influences the low level circulation anomalies field throughout the South China Sea region, determining the onset date of the SCSSM. On the other hand, the horizontal wind shear that induced by the persistent Kevin‐wave response would also maintain the WNPAC/WNPC and further control the SEAMR from May to September. Thus, it is the topical IO SSTA forcing that consolidates the positive relationship between the SCSSM onset and the SEAMR.
A physiological, rather than a superovulated, post‐implantation environment can attenuate the compromising effect of assisted reproductive techniques on gene expression in developing mice embryos
Authors: Bonakdar E. , Edriss M. A. , Bakhtari A. , Jafarpour F. , Asgari V. , Hosseini S. M. , Sadeghi Boroujeni N. , Hajian M. , Rahmani H. R. , Nasr‐Esfahani M. H. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYAssisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) may perturb the pre‐/peri‐conception microenvironments, which subsequently threaten the health of offspring. This study aimed to investigate the effects of superovulation, vitrification, in vitro culture, and embryo transfer on the expression of epigenetic modulators, imprinted genes, and pluripotency markers in expanded blastocysts and Day‐9.5 (D9.5) concepti. Results revealed that 53.4% (8/15) and 86.7% (13/15) of genes in the fetus and placenta, respectively, have similar patterns of transcription in all D9.5 concepti, despite the perturbed mRNA expression observed at the blastocyst stage for each embryo‐production technique. These observations indicate a counterbalancing of the abnormal expression pattern analyzed at the blastocyst stage during post‐implantation development, particularly when the uterus of a naturally synchronized foster mother is employed. Superovulation resulted in the most abnormal expression patterns compared to other treatment groups, although these same blastocysts were able to develop in a synchronized uterus. Thus, superovulation creates a hormonal environment that negatively affected gene expression and impairs fetal growth more adversely during post‐implantation development than other ART protocols, such as in vitro culture, vitrification, or embryo transfer—although each did contribute negatively to the implantation and development process. Together, these results may have implications for treating infertility in humans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 191–206, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) in the evaluation and treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)
Authors: Kuo Tricia L.C. , Teo Jonathan S.M. , Foo K.T. 
Published: March 2015

AimsIntravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) may be an underutilized modality for the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Pressure flow studies or urodynamics have long been the gold standard for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men but are invasive, time‐consuming and costly. Potentially, IPP may be a useful adjunct prior to performing urodynamics.MethodsMeasurement of IPP is taken in the sagittal view, using the transabdominal ultrasound. It is the vertical height from the tip of the protrusion to the base of the prostate. This technique was previously described. We reviewed previous publications that studied the accuracy, positive predictive value and clinical use of IPP. In addition, we noted the comments regarding the challenges of using this technique.ResultsIPP has been shown to have a positive predictive value of 72% for BOO. It has been calculated to have an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.71 and 0.84 in some stuies. Clinically, it may be used to predict the outcome of a trial without catheter following acute retention of urine. Patients with higher IPP grade were noted to have a higher risk of clinical progression. Studies have also shown that men with higher IPP are poorer responders to medical treatment such as α‐blockers.ConclusionsCompared to other modalities, the advantage of IPP in assessing BOO may be its easy applicability and non‐invasive nature. Therefore, there is a consideration for a larger role of IPP in bedside assessment and management of BOO in daily practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:535–537, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urodynamic changes in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlate with neurological impairment
Authors: Franken J. , Gevaert T. , Uvin P. , Wauterickx K. , Boeve A. C. , Rietjens R. , Boudes M. , Hendriks J. J. A. , Hellings N. , Voets T. , De Ridder D. 
Published: March 2015

AimsNeurogenic bladder dysfunction is a major issue in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). High intravesical pressure should be treated early. Available therapies are insufficient and there is need for drug development and investigation of pathogenesis. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rodents is a well validated model to study MS. Previous research has shown that these animals develop urinary symptoms. However, from clinical studies, we know that symptoms do not necessarily reflect changes in bladder pressure. This paper aims to provide a complete overview of urodynamic changes in a model for detrusor overactivity in MS.MethodsFemale C57Bl/6J mice, injected with MOG35–55 and control mice, injected with vehicle (Complete Freund's adjuvant), were monitored daily for neurologic symptoms. Within 1 month after symptom development, mice were used for cystometry or histology of the bladder.ResultsIncreasing disease score correlated with increased micturition frequency, basal pressure, and average pressure, and with a decrease in functional bladder capacity, voiding amplitude, and maximum pressure.ConclusionsThis paper provides a detailed description of bladder function in C57Bl/6J mice with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) induced EAE. This EAE model induces detrusor overactivity in close relationship to neurological impairment. EAE in mice is a suitable model to study detrusor overactivity in MS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:450–456, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.