bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Reservoir Applicability of Hydrophobically Associating Polymer
Authors: Xie Kun , Lu Xiangguo , Li Qiang , Jiang Weidong , Yu Qin 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In this paper, the reservoir characteristics and fluid properties of a reservoir of the Bohai Sea oil field were taken as the research platform. It was confirmed that there exists compatibility between hydrophobically-associating-polymer (HAP) molecular aggregation and pore-throat size. The experiment for oil displacement in heterogeneous cores indicated that there exists applicability of HAP for a heterogeneous reservoir and the applicability can be influenced by polymer concentration. The experiment for oil displacement of parallel cores demonstrated the effect of polymer concentration on the applicability of HAP for reservoir heterogeneity from two aspects of the dynamic behavior of oil displacement and the effectiveness of oil displacement. The results show that with the increase of HAP concentration, the association degree between polymer molecules increases, molecular-clew dimension enlarges, and the compatible size of pore throats of the core increases. The change of HAP concentration not only has an effect on the amount of liquid suctioned by different permeability layers and on the time of profile inversion, but also has an effect on the displacement ability of polymer solution within different layers. As polymer concentration changes, the adaptability of HAP for reservoir heterogeneity changes and the oil-recovery efficiency also changes.
Measurement of intraocular pressure in healthy unanesthetized inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Schuster Eva J. , Strueve Julia , Fehr Michael J. , Mathes Karina A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of rebound and applanation tonometry for the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) and to assess diurnal variations in and the effect of topical anesthesia on the IOP of healthy inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).
ANIMALS 56 bearded dragons from 4 months to 11 years old.
PROCEDURES For each animal following an initial ophthalmic examination, 3 IOP measurements were obtained on each eye between 9 AM and 10 AM, 1 PM and 2 PM, and 5 PM and 7 PM by use of rebound and applanation tonometry. An additional measurement was obtained by rebound tonometry for each eye in the evening following the application of a topical anesthetic to evaluate changes in the tolerance of the animals to the tonometer. Descriptive data were generated, and the effects of sex, time of day, and topical anesthesia on IOP were evaluated.
RESULTS Bearded dragons did not tolerate applanation tonometry even following topical anesthesia. Median daily IOP as determined by rebound tonometry was 6.16 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 5.61 to 6.44 mm Hg). The IOP did not differ significantly between the right and left eyes. The IOP was highest in the morning, which indicated that the IOP in this species undergoes diurnal variations. Topical anesthesia did not significantly affect IOP, but it did improve the compliance for all subjects.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that rebound tonometry, but not applanation tonometry, was appropriate for measurement of IOP in bearded dragons. These findings provided preliminary guidelines for IOP measurement and ophthalmic evaluation in bearded dragons.
Optimal cutoff points of entropy indices for use in predicting responses elicited during determination of minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs
Authors: Mahidol Chulabhorn , Thengchaisri Naris 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate values of spectral indices for use in predicting responses in dogs during determination of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane.
ANIMALS 15 healthy German Shepherd Dogs.
PROCEDURES Sevoflurane MAC was determined by use of tail clamping. Entropy indices consisting of response entropy and state entropy were recorded during MAC determination. Optimal cutoff points of response entropy and state entropy for use in predicting responses to tail clamping were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS Sevoflurane MAC ranged from 1.8% to 2.6% (mean ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.3%). Response entropy and state entropy were significantly higher during positive responses to tail clamping (88 ± 2 and 76 ± 2, respectively) than during negative responses to tail clamping (63 ± 3 and 52 ± 3, respectively). The difference between the 2 entropy indices did not differ between positive (11 ± 1) and negative (13 ± 1) responses to tail clamping. Response entropy and state entropy served as independent predictors of a positive response, with areas under the curve for receiver operating characteristic curves 0.810 (95% confidence interval, 0.716 to 0.903) and 0.828 (95% confidence interval, 0.741 to 0.916), respectively. Optimal cutoff points to predict a positive response were 75 for response entropy and 65 for state entropy, which corresponded to mean ± SD ORs of 25.2 ± 15.6 and 14.9 ± 7.9, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Response entropy and state entropy were good predictors of responses to tail clamping elicited during determination of sevoflurane MAC in healthy dogs.
Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and standard ocular ultrasonography for detection of canine uveal cysts
Authors: Taylor LaTisha N. , Townsend Wendy M. , Heng Hock Gan , Stiles Jean , Moore George E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with standard ocular ultrasonography for detection of canine uveal cysts and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement for detection of uveal cysts with UBM.
SAMPLE 202 enucleated eyes from 101 dogs.
PROCEDURES 2 examiners examined 202 eyes by means of UBM (50 MHz) to identify uveal cysts. A board-certified radiologist then examined 98 of the 202 eyes by means of standard ocular ultrasonography (7- to 12-MHz linear transducer). Subsequently, 1 examiner dissected all 202 eyes under magnification from an operating microscope to definitively identify uveal cysts. Each examiner was masked to other examiners’ findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement were calculated for detection of cysts by UBM.
RESULTS Cysts were detected by use of UBM in 55 of 202 (27%) eyes by one examiner and 29 of 202 (14%) eyes by the other. No cysts were detected in the 98 eyes examined with standard ocular ultrasonography. Dissection results revealed that cysts were present in 64 of 202 (32%) eyes, including 29 of 98 (30%) eyes examined by standard ocular ultrasonography. Mean sensitivity of UBM for cyst detection was 47%; mean specificity was 92%. Uveal cysts not identified with UBM were often small (mean diameter, 490 üm). Interobserver agreement was high (κP = 0.81).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE UBM was more effective than standard ocular ultrasonography for detection of uveal cysts in enucleated eyes. Small-diameter cysts were difficult to visualize even with UBM.
Induction of thioredoxin-1 in response to oxidative stress in dogs
Authors: Munakata Shuntaro , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Nezu Yoshinori , Harada Yasuji , Yogo Takuya , Hara Yasushi , Tian Hai , Matsuo Yoshiyuki , Tagawa Masahiro , Yodoi Junji 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether thioredoxin (TRX)-1 can be used as a valid biomarker for oxidative stress in dogs.
ANIMALS AND SAMPLES 10 Beagles and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
PROCEDURES Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were used to verify antigen cross-reactivity between human and canine anti–TRX-antibodies. Dogs were assigned to receive 21% or 100% O2 (5 dogs/group) via an artificial respirator during a 3-hour period of isoflurane anesthesia (starting at 0 hours). Blood and urine samples were collected before (baseline) and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after commencement of inhalation anesthesia. Concentrations of TRX-1 and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in plasma and urine samples were analyzed; urine concentrations were reported as ratios against urine creatinine concentration.
RESULTS Canine TRX-1 was recognized by monoclonal human anti-TRX-1 antibodies (clones of adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor [ADF]-11 and ADF21) by western blot analysis. Results of an ELISA indicated that plasma TRX-1 concentration and urine TRX-1-to-creatinine concentration ratio increased rapidly after the 3-hour period of hyperoxia with maximal peaks at 12 and 6 hours, respectively. Urine 8-OHdG-to-creatinine concentration ratio also increased significantly after hyperoxia induction. However, unlike the rapid increase in urine TRX-1-to-creatinine concentration ratio, maximal urine 8-OHdG-to-creatinine concentration ratio was attained at 48 hours after hyperoxia induction. These variables remained unchanged from baseline in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that human anti-TRX monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with canine TRX, and plasma TRX-1 concentrations were rapidly increased in dogs following an oxidative stress challenge. Thus, TRX may be a valuable clinical biomarker for detecting oxidative stress more rapidly than 8-OHdG in dogs.
Antarctic firn compaction rates from repeat-track airborne radar data: I. Methods
Authors: Medley B. , Ligtenberg S.R.M. , Joughin I. , Van den Broeke M.R. , Gogineni S. , Nowicki S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhile measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change are increasingly used to assess mass change, the processes that control the elevation fluctuations not related to ice-flow dynamics (e.g. firn compaction and accumulation) remain difficult to measure. Here we use radar data from the Thwaites Glacier (West Antarctica) catchment to measure the rate of thickness change between horizons of constant age over different time intervals: 2009–10, 2010–11 and 2009–11. The average compaction rate to ~25 m depth is 0.33 m a−1, with largest compaction rates near the surface. Our measurements indicate that the accumulation rate controls much of the spatio-temporal variations in the compaction rate while the role of temperature is unclear due to a lack of measurements. Based on a semi-empirical, steady-state densification model, we find that surveying older firn horizons minimizes the potential bias resulting from the variable depth of the constant age horizon. Our results suggest that the spatio-temporal variations in the firn compaction rate are an important consideration when converting surface elevation change to ice mass change. Compaction rates varied by up to 0.12 m a−1 over distances <6 km and were on average >20% larger during the 2010–11 interval than during 2009–10.
The role of damage and recrystallization in the elastic properties of columnar ice
Authors: Snyder Scott A. , Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEffects of damage on elastic properties were studied in columnar-grained specimens of freshwater and saline ice, subjected, at −10°C, to varying levels of inelastic strain. The ice was compressed uniaxially at constant strain rates up to 0.20 strain, which caused localized recrystallization and imparted damage in the form of non-propagating cracks. Damage was quantified in terms of dimensionless crack density, which, along with recrystallized area fraction, was determined from thin sections. The change in porosity due to stress-induced cracks served as another indicator of damage. Elastic properties were derived using P-wave and S-wave ultrasonic transmission velocities measured in across-column directions through the damaged ice, either parallel (x1) or perpendicular (x2) to the initial loading direction. In general, as damage increased with greater strain, the ice became more compliant and (particularly freshwater ice) more anisotropic. Furthermore, with increasing strain rate, the magnitude of these effects and crack density tended to increase, in contrast to the recrystallized area fraction, which tended to decrease. We observed compliance to correspond closely with porosity and with dimensionless crack density, for strains up to 0.10. At greater levels of strain these correspondences became less clear due, in part, to the different character of the damage.
Pitfall of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in assessing Metastasis in a Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Agarwal Jai Prakash , Joshi Poonam , Kane Shubhada 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Advanced and recurrent head and neck cancers often present with distant metastasis. The most common sites include lung, liver and bones. The propensity for metastasis depends upon the site of the primary disease as well. Cancers of hypopharynx and nasopharynx both have high propensity for distant meta stasis. Positron emission tomographycomputed tomography is done in many of these situations to assess distant metastasis, especially in locally advanced and recurrent cases.
The positive predictive value of PET-CT in predicting distant metastasis in recurrent head and neck cancers is 60%. This low positive predictive value is attributed to inflammation, infections, and post RT changes. The present case report highlights that PET positive lesions should be interpreted with caution as they can be false positive and can be mistaken for metastasis and, hence, a potentially curative patient can be treated as one with palliative intent.

How to cite this article
Joshi P, Chaturvedi P, Agarwal JP, Kane S. Pitfall of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in assessing Metastasis in a Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):14-16.
Synovial Sarcoma Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Jain Vikas , Ganeshan Arun Prabhu , Rajmohan Bennet , Amarnath G 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Synovial sarcoma is a deep soft-tissue mesenchymal tumor, primarily arising in extremities. Rarely, does it present as a head and neck tumor, out of them very few reported cases are from parotid gland origin.
We report a case of synovial sarcoma of parotid gland in 20-year-old female progressing in short duration. A review of literature is undertaken considering most of discretely reported cases in English literature and elaborates the pathological features that help to reach in diagnosis.
Review of literature suggests that synovial sarcoma of rare origins like parotid produces a diagnostic dilemma. Histological diagnosis is generally a late postoperative finding. Due to the rarity of this entity, few cases have been described in the literature and treatment is still not well codified. Clinical suspicion with molecular studies help to reach the accurate diagnosis which is mandatory for proper management as the treatment strategy is different from routine parotid tumors.

How to cite this article
Ganeshan AP, Rajmohan B, Amarnath G, Jain V. Synovial Sarcoma Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Dilemma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):29-31.
Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Saldanha Marina , Biniyam K , Permi Harish S 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has the highest incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis among thyroid malignancies. Lateral neck swelling as the only manifestation of PTC in the absence of palpable thyroid lesion is not common. Here, we report a case of an adult female who presented with right cervical mass and excision biopsy revealed metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection was performed, and histopathology showed multifocal PTC.

How to cite this article
Saldanha M, Biniyam K, Permi HS, Bhat VS. Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):32-34.
Human Mesiodistal Tooth Width Measurements and Comparison with Dental Cast in a Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Shahid Fazal , Purmal Kathiravan , Sikder MA , Saifuddin Mohammed 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This analysis was aimed to determine the mesiodistal tooth width of human teeth and to compare with the measurements on plaster model in a Bangladeshi population.

Materials and methods
The samples of 2,892 teeth of Bangladeshi subjects were collected for this purpose. This article presents mesiodistal tooth width measurements made on all types of teeth and compares with the mesiodistal tooth width measurements of dental cast collected from Bangladeshi subjects between the ages of 18 and 24 years. The mesiodistal dimension was recorded, involving the maximum mesiodistal dimension of each tooth when measurement was rendered parallel to the occlusal and labial surfaces. Descriptive and comparative statistics were applied.

Results
The mean, standard deviation and 95% confidence interval of mesiodistal tooth width measurements were determined and have been with the mesiodistal tooth width measurements of dental cast. Significant differences have been observed between mesiodistal tooth size of direct measurement on tooth (DMT) and measurement on plaster model (MPM) for the maxillary first molar (p < 0.001) and mandibular incisors to first premolar (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
These data should prove to be helpful to the practitioner for performing successful orthodontic treatment in Bangladeshi population.

Clinical significance
Direct measurement of mesiodistal tooth width and individual variation of maxillary and mandibular permanent central incisor to first molar of the Bangladeshi individuals showed some distinguishable features, which will certainly help an orthodontist for diagnosis and treatment plan of an orthodontic case.

How to cite this article
Alam MK, Shahid F, Purmal K, Sikder MA, Saifuddin M. Human Mesiodistal Tooth Width Measurements and Comparison with Dental Cast in a Bangladeshi Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):299-303.
Ferox or Fortis:
Authors: Gold Rachelle , Pearce Jim 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Between the publication of Montaigne's Essais (1588–1595) and Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) rhetors became increasingly anxious about arguing in utramque partem. Paradiastolic discourse, fundamental to Montaigne's early essays, is anxiously though expertly deployed in Leviathan. Paradiastole fuses the ability to see and speak about an issue from antithetical perspectives with the ambivalence such power arouses in. Beyond their skepticism, Montaigne and Hobbes share a concern for how phenomena can be interpreted and represented through language. Despite Hobbes's desire for a method that would ensure constant and determinate linguistic acts that would render rhetoric supererogatory, Leviathan demonstrates his unremarkable affinities with mainline Renaissance humanists alongside his uneasy affinities with the Sophists. Both the humanist and the Sophist used the trope to probe and to persuade, though both were anxious about the reversibility of such rhetorical redescriptions. Paradiastolic discourses, we argue, integrate the cognitive procedures of philosophy with the judicative procedures of rhetoric. The trope operates through exploiting the reciprocity between similar qualities, as exemplified by the influential paradiastolic pairing of ferox and fortis.
Parrhēsia, Biopolitics, and Occupy
Authors: Happe Kelly E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
This article considers Michel Foucault's theories of ethical speech and militant life in the context of Occupy Wall Street's encampments in Zuccotti Park. Focusing on the encampments and the production and circulation of resources to meet bodily needs, the article concludes that occupation was a self-inflicted form of precarity as well as an extension of an already existing vulnerability, a living that is at once a form of social death. I read the occupations as a mode of militant life, which is to say, that which enacts precarity while at the same time transforming it into the object of radical speech.
Het Europees ‘Betaalpakket’ – Gevolgen voor de interne markt en het betalingsverkeer in Nederland
Authors: Mathis J.D. 
Published: May 2015

Het Europees ‘Betaalpakket’ – Gevolgen voor de interne markt en het betalingsverkeer in Nederland
Het ‘Betaalpakket’ zal de nodige harmonisatie en rechtszekerheid bieden voor de verwezenlijking van een ware ‘interne betaalmarkt’ voor girale transacties binnen de EU. Door de invoering van ‘caps’ van 0,2 procent en 0,3 procent op interbancaire vergoedingen voor debit- en creditcardtransacties zullen de kosten van acceptatie op Europees niveau dalen. Deze ‘caps’ en aanvullende maatregelen in de herziene Betaaldienstenrichtlijn zullen op Europees niveau onder andere een gelijk speelveld creëren voor betaaldienstaanbieders en de toetreding van nieuwe spelers bevorderen. Naar verwachting zal de efficiëntie van het Europees betalingsverkeer als gevolg daarvan toenemen ten voordele van de consument en de handel.Voorstel voor een verordening van de Europese Commissie van 24 juli 2013 betreffende interbancaire vergoedingen voor op kaarten gebaseerde betalingstransacties, COM(2013)550 final (2013/0265 COD) (IV Verordening)Voorstel voor een richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 24 juli 2013 betreffende betalingsdiensten in de interne markt, houdende wijziging van de Richtlijnen 2002/65/EG, 2013/36/EU en 2009/110/EG en houdende intrekking van Richtlijn 2007/64/EG, COM(2013)547 final (2013/0264 COD) (Betaaldienstenrichtlijn)
Exceptie van de mededingingsbepalingen voor (schijn)zelfstandigen: de zaak FNV Kiem
Authors: Pennings F.J.L. 
Published: May 2015

Exceptie van de mededingingsbepalingen voor (schijn)zelfstandigen: de zaak FNV Kiem
Volgens het Albany-arrest zijn cao-bepalingen die op werknemers betrekking hebben onder bepaalde voorwaarden uitgesloten van de werking van de mededingingsbepalingen van het VWEU (art. 101). In het arrest FNV Kiem is de vraag aan de orde of een bepaling die in een cao is opgenomen reeds om die reden buiten de mededingingsbepalingen valt. Als het antwoord hierop ontkennend is dan is de vraag of de omstandigheid dat de bepaling betrekking heeft op zelfstandigen, maar (ook) bedoeld is ter verbetering van arbeidsvoorwaarden of werkgelegenheid van werknemers tot gevolg heeft dat de mededingingsbepalingen dergelijke cao-bepalingen niet verbieden. Het Hof van Justitie antwoordde dat bepalingen die betrekking hebben op zelfstandigen niet buiten de werkingssfeer van artikel 101 VWEU vallen. Dit is echter anders wanneer het om schijnzelfstandigen gaat. Vervolgens gaf het Hof van Justitie een ruime definitie van ‘schijnzelfstandigen’, zodat het arrest meer mogelijkheden geeft om cao-bepalingen die betrekking hebben op ‘zelfstandigen’ te maken dan op het eerste gezicht lijkt.HvJ 4 december 2014, zaak C-413/13, FNV Kiem, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2411
Eventech: Hoe busbanen leiden tot een leerstuk van ‘inherent voordeel’ in het staatssteunrecht
Authors: Dekker C.T. 
Published: May 2015

Eventech: Hoe busbanen leiden tot een leerstuk van ‘inherent voordeel’ in het staatssteunrecht
In deze zaak staat centraal de vraag of het feit dat de klassieke zwarte taxi’s in Londen niet behoeven te betalen voor het gebruik van busbanen in Londen terwijl vooraf geboekte zogenoemde HMC’s beboet worden als zij van die banen gebruikmaken, een steunmaatregel vormt. Het Hof van Justitie gaat bij de beantwoording van de hierover gestelde prejudiciële vragen in op de criteria ‘bekostiging met staatsmiddelen’, ‘voordeel’ en ‘beïnvloeding van de tussenstaatse handel’ uit het begrip ‘steunmaatregel’ van artikel 107 lid 1 VWEU. In dat kader introduceert het Hof van Justitie een ‘inherent voordeel’ doctrine die de effects based doctrine doorkruist of in elk geval nuanceert.HvJ 14 januari 2015, zaak C-518/13, Eventech Ltd/Parking Adjudicator, ECLI:EU:C:2015:9