bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility Profiles of Nocardia Isolates Based on Current Taxonomy
Authors: Schlaberg Robert , Fisher Mark A. , Hanson Kimberley E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The genus
Nocardia
has undergone rapid taxonomic expansion in recent years, and an increasing number of species are recognized as human pathogens. Many established species have predictable antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, but sufficient information is often not available for recently described organisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of sulfonamides as first-line drugs for
Nocardia
has recently been questioned. This led us to review antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for a large number of molecularly identified clinical isolates. Susceptibility results were available for 1,299 isolates representing 39 different species or complexes, including 11 that were newly described, during a 6-year study period. All tested isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was rare (2%) except among
Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis
(31%) strains and strains of the
N. transvalensis
complex (19%). Imipenem susceptibility varied for
N. cyriacigeorgica
and
N. farcinica
, as did ceftriaxone susceptibility of the
N. nova
complex. Resistance to more than one of the most commonly used drugs (amikacin, ceftriaxone, TMP-SMX, and imipenem) was highest for
N. pseudobrasiliensis
(100%),
N. transvalensis
complex (83%),
N. farcinica
(68%),
N. puris
(57%),
N. brasiliensis
(51%),
N. aobensis
(50%), and
N. amikacinitolerans
(43%). Thus, while antimicrobial resistance can often be predicted, susceptibility testing should still be considered when combination therapy is warranted, for less well characterized species or those with variable susceptibility profiles, and for patients with TMP-SMX intolerance.
Factors associated with early neonatal attendance to a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Flanagan C F , Stewart M 
Published: November 2013

AimTo examine the demographic and perinatal factors involved in the presentation of newborn babies to a paediatric emergency department (PED) and outcome following attendance.MethodsTerm babies who attended the PED of the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children (RBHSC) in the first 2 weeks of life, during two separate 3-month periods in summer and winter 2010–2011 were identified retrospectively from the PED electronic database. Perinatal and demographic data were also obtained on all babies born in the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital (RJMH) during the same time period.ResultsA total of 223 attendances to the PED involving 208 babies were identified with almost equal distribution during summer and winter months. Almost two thirds (n=139, 62%) of babies presented out-of-hours. Over half of babies were self-referred by parent/carer. The most common presentation was feeding difficulty, vomiting or faltering growth, accounting for 36%. Significant factors associated with attendance to PED included birth weight <2500 g, deprivation and postnatal stay more than 2 days. Sixty-one babies (24%) presenting to PED were admitted to hospital. Significant factors for admission included age ≤48 h and presentation during the standard working day. Overall, a third of babies admitted stayed less than 24 h (34%).ConclusionsLarge numbers of babies attend the PED in the first 2 weeks of life, commonly out of hours, from deprived areas and with feeding difficulties. A quarter of babies attending are admitted to hospital, with one-third discharged following an overnight stay. Services should be reevaluated, particularly in this current financial climate, in an attempt to find new models of care for these young babies.
Economic evaluations of diagnostic tests, treatment and prevention for lateral ankle sprains: a systematic review
Authors: Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Uegaki Kimi , Coupé Veerle M H , Kerkhoffs Gino M , van Tulder Maurits W 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo assess and summarise the economic evidence regarding diagnostic tests, treatment and prevention for lateral ankle sprains.MethodsPotential studies were identified from electronic databases and trial registries and by scanning reference lists. Risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated. Two independent reviewers screened, assessed studies and extracted data. Data were synthesised descriptively due to study heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 230 records were identified; 10 studies were included. Five studies conducted a full economic evaluation and five studies involved cost analyses. Lack of blinding was the main risk of bias. The methodological quality of the full economic evaluations was fairly good. Valuation of costs, measurement of outcomes and sensitivity analysis were points for improvement. Single studies showed that the Ottawa ankle rules (OAR) was cost effective for diagnosing lateral ankle sprains in the emergency setting compared with existing hospital protocols; acute treatment with anti-inflammatory medication and the plaster cast for severe sprains appeared cost effective; and neuromuscular training was cost effective in preventing ankle re-injury.ConclusionsResults of this current systematic review supplements the evidence provided by reviews of effectiveness. There is evidence to support the implementation of OAR in the emergency setting, the use of anti-inflammatory medication and the plaster cast in the acute phase, and the prescription of neuromuscular exercises to prevent re-injury. Although the evidence is limited due to the low number of studies, shortcomings in methodological quality and small sample sizes, the findings may be used to inform clinical practice and practice guidelines.
Injuries in judo: a systematic literature review including suggestions for prevention
Authors: Pocecco Elena , Ruedl Gerhard , Stankovic Nemanja , Sterkowicz Stanislaw , Del Vecchio Fabricio Boscolo , Gutiérrez-García Carlos , Rousseau Romain , Wolf Mirjam , Kopp Martin , Miarka Bianca , Menz Verena , Krüsmann Philipp , Calmet Michel , Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Burtscher Martin 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge on epidemiological injury data in judo.ObjectiveTo systematically review scientific literature on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo.MethodsThe available literature up to June 2013 was searched for prospective as well as retrospective studies on injuries in judo. Data extraction and presentation focused on the incidence rate, injury risk, types, location and causes of injuries.ResultsDuring the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, an average injury risk of about 11–12% has been observed. Sprains, strains and contusions, usually of the knee, shoulder and fingers, were the most frequently reported injuries, whereas being thrown was the most common injury mechanism. Severe injuries were quite rare and usually affected the brain and spine, whereas chronic injuries typically affected the finger joints, lower back and ears. The most common types of injuries in young judo athletes were contusions/abrasions, fractures and sprains/strains. Sex-differences data on judo injuries were mostly inconsistent. Some studies suggested a relationship between nutrition, hydration and/or weight cycling and judo injuries. Also, psychological factors may increase the risk of judo injuries.ConclusionsThe present review provides the latest knowledge on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. Comprehensive knowledge about the risk of injury during sport activity and related risk factors represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of an ongoing injury surveillance system in judo is of utmost importance.
Prepared for sudden cardiac arrest? A cross-sectional study of automated external defibrillators in amateur sport
Authors: Cronin Owen , Jordan Joseph , Quigley Fionnuala , Molloy Michael G 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a rare but tragic part of professional and amateur sport. Following multiple high profile deaths in professional sport over the past two decades, there has been a significant trend towards the widespread availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at amateur sports grounds.ObjectivesTo examine the availability of AEDs in amateur sports clubs in Cork, Ireland, and to investigate club practices with respect to the purchase, accessibility, maintenance and use of AEDs.DesignA cross-sectional survey of 218 amateur Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), soccer and rugby clubs was conducted between July and September 2012. Club committee representatives answered a 22-point questionnaire.Results126 GAA clubs and 28 soccer and 17 rugby (n=171) clubs were enrolled in this study. A total of 81.3% of amateur clubs own an AED. We estimate an AED-use rate of one AED use for every 54.5 years an AED is available. Almost 50% of club representatives thought the location of their club AED could be improved while 12.9% of clubs admitted to not maintaining their club AED on a regular basis.ConclusionsA large proportion of amateur clubs in Cork City and County own an AED. Many clubs engage in regular maintenance and storage of AEDs. However, this study identifies several areas for improvement in facilitating a secure chain of survival for players in the event of an SCA.
Low uric acid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence from meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Liang , Ji Hong-Fang 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and uric acid levels has gained intensive interest in recent years. We applied meta-analysis to investigate serum uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with healthy controls.DesignWe searched three electronic databases and reference lists up to January 2013. Two collaborators reviewed all the articles and data disagreement was resolved through discussion. Six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis of uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with controls.Participants1217 patients with PD and 1276 matched healthy controls.ResultsThe meta-analysis results showed that patients with PD had lower levels of uric acid than healthy controls (summary standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.52, 95% CI (−0.72 to −0.31)). Further gender subgroup analysis (summary SMD=−0.56, 95% CI (−0.72 to −0.41) for women; summary SMD=−0.62, 95% CI (−0.94 to −0.31) for men) indicated lower uric acid levels in patients with PD than healthy controls in women and men.ConclusionsIt was found that patients with PD had lower serum levels of uric acid than healthy controls and this association was more significant in men than in women. More efforts are encouraged to explore the prognostic and therapeutic implications for PD of the present findings.
SIMULTANEOUS EMBEDDING OF EMBEDDED PLANAR GRAPHS
Authors: ANGELINI PATRIZIO , BATTISTA GIUSEPPE DI , FRATI FABRIZIO 
Published: November 2013

A simultaneous embedding with fixed edges (SEFE) of a set of k planar graphs G1,…,Gk on the same set of vertices is a set of k planar drawings of G1,…,Gk, respectively, such that each vertex is placed on the same point in all the drawings and each edge is represented by the same Jordan curve in the drawings of all the graphs it belongs to. A simultaneous geometric embedding (SGE) is a SEFE in which the edges are represented by straight-line segments. Given k planar graphs G1,…,Gk, deciding whether they admit a SEFE and whether they admit an SGE are NP-hard problems, for k ≥ 3 and for k ≥ 2, respectively. In this paper we consider the complexity of SEFE and of SGE when the graphs G1,…,Gk have a fixed planar embedding. In sharp contrast with the NP-hardness of SEFE for three non-embedded planar graphs, we show that SEFE is quadratic-time solvable for three graphs with a fixed planar embedding. Furthermore, we show that, given k embedded planar graphs G1,…,Gk, deciding whether a SEFE of G1,…,Gk exists and deciding whether an SGE of G1,…,Gk exists are NP-hard problems, for k ≥ 14 and k ≥ 13, respectively.
Basement palaeogeography of late Neoproterozoic Scotland: constraints from exotic clasts within the lower Dalradian Supergroup
Authors: Banks C. J. , Peters D. P. , Winchester J. A. , Noble S. R. , Horstwood M. S. A. 
Published: November 2013

Synopsis
U–Pb geochronology of exotic igneous cobbles, together with detrital zircons from a nearby sedimentary heavy mineral band from the Glenshirra Group (basal Dalradian Supergroup), provide information on the age and nature of the adjacent crystalline basement that supplied detritus to the Dalradian Basin in the late Neoproterozoic. The igneous cobbles were sampled from a metaconglomerate interpreted as debris-flow deposits from a local igneous basement hinterland.

A granite cobble, and detrital zircons from a nearby psammite, gave
c
. 1800 Ma ages, indicating derivation from a presumed local Ketilidian–Makkovikian source akin to that exposed on Inishtrahull, Colonsay and the Rhinns of Islay. A syenite clast yielded crystallization ages of
c
. 1500 Ma (zircon cores), followed by a subsequent metamorphism at 1470 Ma (zircon rims). This corresponds to coeval Mesoproterozoic events that affected the Pinwarian terrane of SE Canada and Newfoundland. The Moine Supergroup and Glen Banchor Succession are unlikely sources of detritus for the Glenshirra Group, as palaeodrainage across the line of the future Great Glen Fault (in its pre-displacement disposition) would largely derive from local basement to the west of the Moine Supergroup.

Whilst the existence of nearby Ketilidian–Makkovikian basement has been noted previously, this study provides evidence that Pinwarian basement also lay adjacent to Scotland during the deposition of the early Dalradian basin fills. These data should be incorporated into palaeogeographical reconstructions at the time of the break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent in the late Neoproterozoic.

Supplementary material:

Full U-Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS analytical results are provided at is
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18692
.
The Cumbrae Islands: a structural Rosetta Stone in the western offshore Midland Valley of Scotland
Authors: Caldwell W. G. E. , Young G. M. 
Published: November 2013

Synopsis
Although modest in size and topographic expression, the Cumbrae islands hold a key to better understanding of the structurally anomalous portion of the Midland Valley of Scotland underlying the Firth of Clyde. Situated beneath the western edge of the largest and thickest block of the Clyde Lava Plateau, the islands occupy the nexus between mainland and offshore and serve as a stepping stone to more remote outliers of the lavas and their underlying sedimentary formations in Bute and Arran. The Cumbrae islands carry representatives of three major groups of faults that have been regional controls on sequence preservation, outcrop distribution, and geomorphology since their initiation as proto-Variscan structures in the Late Devonian. Moreover, the islands are shaped by two sets of folds, one of inferred early to mid-Carboniferous age, the other of later Carboniferous age, both also present in other parts of the Firth. Finally, long accepted as a matchless locality for intersecting dyke swarms of Carboniferous (Viséan and latest Westphalian) and Palaeogene (Paleocene–Eocene) age, the interplay of dykes and faults on Great Cumbrae allows a refined history of fault reactivation to be reconstructed. In turn, analysis of the islands’ structures and their evaluation in regional context enables a local tectonic history to be formulated and presented in six informal stages between the Late Devonian and Holocene.
Casein Kinase 1ϵ Promotes Cell Proliferation by Regulating mRNA Translation
Authors: Shin Sejeong , Wolgamott Laura , Roux Philippe P. , Yoon Sang-Oh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Deregulation of translation initiation factors contributes to many pathogenic conditions, including cancer. Here, we report the definition of a novel regulatory pathway for translational initiation with possible therapeutic import in cancer. Specifically, we found that casein kinase 1ϵ (CK1ϵ) is highly expressed in breast tumors and plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation by controlling mRNA translation. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, an essential component of the translation initiation complex eIF4F, is downregulated by binding the negative-acting factor 4E-BP1. We found that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of CK1ϵ attenuated 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, thereby increasing 4E-BP1 binding to eIF4E and inhibiting mRNA translation. Mechanistic investigations showed that CK1ϵ interacted with and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 at two novel sites T41 and T50, which were essential for 4E-BP1 inactivation along with increased mRNA translation and cell proliferation. In summary, our work identified CK1ϵ as a pivotal regulator of mRNA translation and cell proliferation that acts by inhibiting 4E-BP1 function. As CK1ϵ is highly expressed in breast tumors, these findings offer an initial rationale to explore CK1ϵ blockade as a therapeutic strategy to treat cancers driven by deregulated mRNA translation. Cancer Res; 74(1); 201–11. ©2013 AACR.
hSETD1A Regulates Wnt Target Genes and Controls Tumor Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Salz Tal , Li Guangyao , Kaye Frederic , Zhou Lei , Qiu Yi , Huang Suming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
hSETD1A is a member of the trithorax (TrxG) family of histone methyltransferases (HMT) that methylate H3K4 at promoters of active genes. Although misregulation of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family proteins has been associated with acute leukemia, the role of hSETD1A in cancer remains unknown. In this study, we report that hSETD1A and its associated H3K4me3 are upregulated in human colorectal cancer cells and patient samples. Depletion of hSETD1A inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth, colony formation, and tumor engraftment. Genome-wide expression profiling of colorectal cancer cells reveals that approximately 50% of Wnt/β-catenin target genes are affected by the hSETD1A knockdown. We further demonstrate that hSETD1A is recruited to promoters of those Wnt signaling target genes through its interaction with β-catenin, a master regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. The recruitment of the hSETD1A HMT complex confers promoter-associated H3K4me3 that leads to assembly of transcription preinitiation complex and transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the expression levels of hSETD1A are positively correlated with H3K4me3 enrichment at the promoters of Wnt/β-catenin target genes and the aberrant activation of these genes in human colorectal cancer. These results provide new biologic and mechanistic insights into the cooperative role of hSETD1A and β-catenin in regulation of Wnt target genes as well as in colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res; 74(3); 775–86. ©2013 AACR.
Enhanced PI3K p110α Signaling Confers Acquired Lapatinib Resistance That Can Be Effectively Reversed by a p110α-Selective PI3K Inhibitor
Authors: Brady Samuel W. , Zhang Jian , Seok Daniel , Wang Hai , Yu Dihua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough the HER2-targeting agents trastuzumab and lapatinib have improved the survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, resistance to these targeted therapies is a major challenge. To investigate mechanisms of acquired lapatinib resistance, we generated acquired lapatinib resistance cell models by extended exposure of two HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines to lapatinib. Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lapatinib-resistant breast cancer cells gained additional phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation through activating mutation in PI3K p110α and/or increasing protein expression of existing mutant p110α. p110α protein upregulation in lapatinib-resistant cells occurred through gene amplification or posttranscriptional upregulation. Knockdown of p110α, but not p110β, the other PI3K catalytic subunit present in epithelial cells, inhibited proliferation of lapatinib-resistant cells, especially when combined with lapatinib. Lapatinib-resistant xenograft growth was inhibited persistently by combination treatment with the p110α-selective PI3K inhibitor BYL719 and lapatinib; the drug combination was also well tolerated in mice. Mechanistically, the combination of lapatinib plus BYL719 more effectively inhibited Akt phosphorylation and, surprisingly, Erk phosphorylation, than either drug alone in the resistance model. These findings indicate that lapatinib resistance can occur through p110α protein upregulation-mediated, and/or mutation-induced, PI3K activation. Moreover, a combinatorial targeted therapy, lapatinib plus BYL719, effectively overcame lapatinib resistance in vivo and could be further tested in clinical trials. Finally, our findings indicate that p110β may be dispensable for lapatinib resistance in some cases. This allows the usage of p110α-specific PI3K inhibitors and thus may spare patients the toxicities of pan-PI3K inhibition to allow maximal dosage and efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(1); 60–70. ©2013 AACR.
Reporting Trends and Outcomes in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction National Hospital Quality Assessment Programs
Authors: McCabe James M. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Eisenhauer Andrew C. , Waldman Howard M. , Mort Elizabeth A. , Pomerantsev Eugene , Resnic Frederic S. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
For patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, the door-to-balloon time is an important performance measure reported to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and tied to hospital quality assessment and reimbursement. We sought to assess the use and impact of exclusion criteria associated with the CMS measure of door-to-balloon time in primary PCI.

Methods and Results—

All primary PCI-eligible patients at 3 Massachusetts hospitals (Brigham and Women’s, Massachusetts General, and North Shore Medical Center) were evaluated for CMS reporting status. Rates of CMS reporting exclusion were the primary end points of interest. Key secondary end points were between-group differences in patient characteristics, door-to-balloon times, and 1-year mortality rates. From 2005 to 2011, 26% (408) of the 1548 primary PCI cases were excluded from CMS reporting. This percentage increased over the study period from 13.9% in 2005 to 36.7% in the first 3 quarters of 2011 (
P
<0.001). The most frequent cause of exclusion was for a diagnostic dilemma such as a nondiagnostic initial ECG, accounting for 31.2% of excluded patients. Although 95% of CMS-reported cases met door-to-balloon time goals in 2011, this was true of only 61% of CMS-excluded cases and consequently 82.6% of all primary PCI cases performed that year. The 1-year mortality for CMS-excluded patients was double that of CMS-included patients (13.5% versus 6.6%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
More than a quarter of patients who underwent primary PCI were excluded from hospital quality reports collected by CMS, and this percentage has grown substantially over time. These findings may have significant implications for our understanding of process improvement in primary PCI and mechanisms for reimbursement through Medicare.