bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risks for transfusion‐transmitted human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2 infection among Chinese blood donors
Authors: Wang Jingxing , Liu Jing , Yao Fuzhu , Wen Guoxin , Li Julin , Huang Yi , Lü Yunlai , Wen Xiuqiong , Wright David , Yu Qilu , Guo Nan , Ness Paul , Shan Hua ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) and International Component
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThere are little data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, incidence, or residual risks for transfusion‐transmitted HIV infection among Chinese blood donors.Study Design and MethodsDonations from five Chinese blood centers in 2008 to 2010 were screened using two rounds of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for anti‐HIV‐1/2. A reactive result in either or both rounds led to Western blot confirmatory testing. HIV prevalence among first‐time donors and incidence among repeat donors were examined. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis examined correlates of HIV confirmatory status among first‐time donors. Residual risks were evaluated based on incidence among repeat donors.ResultsAmong 821,320 donations, 40% came from repeat donors. A total of 1837 (0.34%) first‐time and 577 (0.17%) repeat donations screened reactive, among which 1310 and 419 were tested by Western blot. A total of 233 (17.7%) first‐time and 44 (10.5%) repeat donations were confirmed positive. Prevalence was 66 infections per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 59‐74) first‐time donors. Incidence was 9 of 100,000 (95% CI, 7‐12) person‐years among repeat donors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that first‐time donors 26 to 45 years old were 1.6 to 1.8 times likely to be HIV positive than those 25 years and younger. Donors with some college or above education were less likely to be HIV positive than those with middle school education, odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.35 to 0.60. Minorities were 1.5 times likely to be HIV positive than Han majority donors (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2‐2.1). HIV residual risk was 5.4 (95% CI, 1.2‐12.5) infections per million whole blood donations.ConclusionDespite the declining HIV epidemic in China, estimated residual risks for transfusion‐transmitted HIV infection are still high.
Hemolytic anemia due to passenger lymphocyte syndrome in solid malignancy patients treated with allogeneic natural killer cell products
Authors: Skeate Robert , Singh Charanjeet , Cooley Sarah , Geller Melissa , Northouse Joan , Welbig Julie , Slungaard Arne , Miller Jeff , McKenna David 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAllogeneic natural killer (NK) cell products for treatment of solid organ malignancies were prepared by performing T (CD3+)‐cell depletion on nonmobilized apheresis mononuclear cell collections. The products were not B‐cell depleted. This report details two cases of passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) after NK‐cell infusion.Case ReportsPatient 1 is a blood group A+ 56‐year‐old female with Stage IV ovarian carcinoma who received NK cells from an O+ donor. On Day +7 she developed new hemolytic anemia. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive for immunoglobulin G and C3, and the eluate contained anti‐A. Subsequently, anti‐A was identified on reverse typing. She was transfused with group O red blood cells (RBCs). By Day +12 she forward typed as O with anti‐A and B on reverse typing. By Day +42, DAT was negative with only weak anti‐A on reverse typing. Patient 2 is a blood group B+ 51‐year‐old female with metastatic lobular breast carcinoma who received NK cells from an O+ donor. On Day +7 she developed new hemolytic anemia. DAT was positive, and the eluate contained anti‐A and ‐B. Anti‐A reactivity was due to anti‐A,B. The next day she developed new anti‐B on reverse typing. She was transfused with O RBCs. Anti‐B titer increased to a maximum of 512 on Day +12. At discharge on Day +29 her anti‐B titer was still 32.ConclusionsThese patients developed PLS after infusion of NK cells. Because of these cases NK‐cell products are now B (CD19+)‐cell depleted at our institution, and this approach is recommended for other centers.
Investigating the prevalence of transfusion transmission of Plasmodium within a hyperendemic blood donation system
Authors: Freimanis Graham , Sedegah Mary , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Kumar Sanjai , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPrevention of transfusion‐transmitted malaria in at‐risk children and pregnant women in endemic areas with inexpensive chloroquine is no longer effective due to widespread drug resistance. There is an urgent need for devising new strategies for transfusion malarial safety. We investigated the frequency of transfusion transmission of malaria within the Ghanaian blood donation system using blood donations from 106 asymptomatic adult Ghanaian blood donors.Study Design and MethodsPaired samples from 106 blood donations and recipients (before and after transfusion) were tested for anti‐merozoite surface protein‐1/2 using the commercial Lab21 malaria enzyme immunoassay (EIA), four antigen‐specific in‐house EIAs, and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) EIA. Additionally, Plasmodium DNA was screened for using a species‐specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a Pan‐Plasmodium quantitative PCR. Donor–recipient parasite identity was defined by two concordant genotyping strategies.ResultsPlasmodium antibody prevalence was 100% in both donors and recipients, with at least one antigen. Parasitemia prevalence was 54.7% in both donors and recipients with median levels of 20 and 5.3 copies/μL, respectively, the difference being correlated to age (p = 0.0001). Multiple species infections were frequent (8.5%). Twenty‐four units of parasitemic blood were transfused to nonparasitemic recipients, of which 10 (41.7%) became infected after transfusion. Molecular genotyping with 13 distinct markers (antigenic genes and microsatellite loci) identified three to nine parasitemic recipients after transfusion with level of allelic identity suggesting 14% to 28% definite or possible transfusion‐related parasitemia.ConclusionNone of the currently available screening assays appear suitable to minimize transfusion malaria without compromising the blood supply in endemic areas.
Gender Differences Regarding Informal Caregivers of Older People
Authors: del‐Pino‐Casado Rafael , Frías‐Osuna Antonio , Palomino‐Moral Pedro A. , Ramón Martínez‐Riera José 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences related to gender among informal caregivers serving older disabled individuals.Design and Methods: A secondary analysis of the most recent national cross‐sectional survey, which was conducted in Spain on informal caregivers who served older individuals (65 years of age or older), was conducted in 2011 (N= 1,272, probability sample). The relationships between gender and intensity of care (amount and type of care provided), duration of caregiving, subjective burden, and satisfaction with caregiving were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate procedures.Findings: No statistically significant gender differences were found with regard to the intensity of care, duration of caregiving, or satisfaction; however, subjective burden was found to differ between men and women, and this difference was statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.98; p= .012).Conclusions: Because this study was conducted in Spain, a country with strong patriarchal norms with regard to caregiving and familism, whereas gender differences in intensity of care have been reported in countries with low familism, we conclude that cultural diversity can influence the relationship between gender and intensity of care. On the other hand, our study increases the evidence in support of there being gender‐based differences in subjective burden among family caregivers serving older people in Western industrial countries. Finally, the results of our study support the hypothesis that sources of satisfaction are more strongly related to the caregiver's personal context and characteristics than to his or her gender.Clinical Relevance: These findings support the following recommendations regarding nursing interventions: (a) nurses should take into account specific cultural patterns in caregiving to improve their understanding concerning the relationships between gender and intensity of care, and (b) gender should be taken into account in interventions that are tailored toward addressing subjective burden.
Implementation of Evidence‐Based Practices in the Context of a Redevelopment Project in a Canadian Healthcare Organization
Authors: Lavoie‐Tremblay Mélanie , Richer Marie‐Claire , Marchionni Caroline , Cyr Guylaine , Biron Alain D. , Aubry Monique , Bonneville‐Roussy Arielle , Vézina Michel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose: The recent introduction of a project management office (PMO) in a major healthcare center, led by a nurse, provides a unique opportunity to understand how a PMO facilitates successful implementation of evidence‐based practices in care delivery.Design: A case study with embedded units (individuals, projects, and organization). In this study, the case is operationally defined as the PMO deployed in a Canadian healthcare center.Methods: The sources of evidence used in this study were diverse. They consisted of 38 individual interviews, internal documents, and administrative data. The data were collected from March 2009 to November 2011. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.Findings: PMO experts help improve practices, and the patients thus receive safer and better quality care. Several participants point out that they could not make the changes without the PMO's support. They mention that they succeeded in changing their practices based on the evidence and acquired knowledge of change management with the PMO members that can be transferred to their practice.Conclusions: With the leadership of the nurse director of the PMO, members provide a range of expertise and fields in evidence‐based change management, project management, and evaluation.Clinical Relevance: PMO facilitates the implementation of clinical and organizational practices based on evidence to improve the quality and safety of care provided to patients.
Potential of Oncostatin M to accelerate diabetic wound healing
Authors: Shin Soo Hye , Han Seung‐Kyu , Jeong Seong‐Ho , Kim Woo‐Kyung 
Published: November 2012

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine found in a variety of pathologic conditions, which leads to excessive collagen deposition. Current studies demonstrate that OSM is also a mitogen for fibroblasts and has an anti‐inflammatory action. It was therefore hypothesised that OSM may play an important role in healing of chronic wounds that usually involve decreased fibroblast function and persist in the inflammatory stage for a long time. In a previous in vitro study, the authors showed that OSM increased wound healing activities of diabetic dermal fibroblasts. However, wound healing in vivo is a complex process involving multiple factors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of OSM on diabetic wound healing in vivo.Five diabetic mice were used in this study. Four full‐thickness round wounds were created on the back of each mouse (total 20 wounds). OSM was applied on the two left‐side wounds (n = 10) and phosphate‐buffered saline was applied on the two right‐side wounds (n = 10). After 10 days, unhealed wound areas of the OSM and control groups were compared using the stereoimage optical topometer system. Also, epithelialisation, wound contraction and reduction in wound volume in each group were compared. The OSM‐treated group showed superior results in all of the tested parameters. In particular, the unhealed wound area and the reduction in wound volume demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0·05). The results of this study indicate that topical application of OSM may have the potential to accelerate healing of diabetic wounds.
Soft systems methodology and integrated flood management: a study of the Adayar watershed, Chennai, India
Authors: Suriya S. , Mudgal B. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper applies Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) within the context of action research and Integrated Flood Management (IFM). A case study from the Adayar watershed, Chennai, is provided as an example of how SSM can be used to understand complex situations and as a problem‐solving strategy for flood management. Flat topography, uncontrolled urban development, population growth, sand bar formation at the river mouth and low tidal action render complexity to flood management in Chennai. For effective flood management, a participatory and integrated approach, which includes stakeholders in the decision‐making process and an enabling institutional set‐up, is essential. As part of an integrated approach, the relationship between various organizations and the public is identified. SSM is an approach for addressing fuzzy problematic situations involving human activity. In this paper, SSM techniques like ‘Rich Picture Diagrams’ and ‘CATWOE analysis’ and participatory action research tools like ‘pairwise ranking’ and ‘force field analysis’ were investigated. Two workshops were conducted to define and explore the problematic situation, the role of various actors involved in the problem, to develop the conceptual model, to rank decision‐making criteria, and to analyse the forces for and against to solve the problem. The flood management approach provided in this paper can be used by government agencies and policy makers to manage floods.
A history evaluation modelling and forecastation of water quality in shallow lake
Authors: Xu Ligang , Pan Jizheng , Jiang Jiahu , Zhao Hongbo , Liu Caihong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe frequent outbreaks of water eutrophication in Gehu Lake are regarded as one of the most troublesome environmental issues in Southeast China. Based on the water's potential capacity to accept pollutant loads, a catchment‐scale environmental management system was established to ensure inflows of clean water into Taihu Lake. Considering the complexity of the hydrological regimes operating within the river‐network plain, the capacities of the water environment for loads of COD and nutrients were estimated using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, Version 7.3 (WASP 7.3) model. The calibration and the verification of this model were based on water quality measurements during the period 2009–2010. The variables of water quality that were examined are COD, NH4‐N, TN and TP. The simulated distributions of the COD, NH4‐N, TN and TP in the water column agree with the observations, but it indicates that more measurements are needed to verify the predictability of the simulations. The simulation results show that the average relative error is small, and the change trend of each indicator is consistent. The results have shown that the WASP model can be used to evaluate the future water quality changes in case that the pollution continues with the same rate. The work presented in this paper is expected to be a theoretical basis in exploring the degradation mechanism for self‐purification capacity of water bodies and in designing and constructing of Gehu Lake ecosystem restoration goals.
The diets of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the shelf and oceanic feeding grounds in the western North Pacific inferred from stable isotope analysis
Authors: Filatova Olga A. , Witteveen Briana H. , Goncharov Anton A. , Tiunov Alexei V. , Goncharova Maria I. , Burdin Alexander M. , Hoyt Erich 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHumpback whales feed on a variety of prey, but significant differences likely occur between regional feeding grounds. In this study, the diets of humpback whales were analyzed by comparing stable isotope ratios in animal tissues at three humpback whale feeding grounds in the Russian Far East: Karaginsky Gulf, Anadyr Gulf, and the Commander Islands. Anadyr Gulf is a neritic zone far from a shelf break, Karaginsky Gulf is a neritic zone close to a shelf break, and the Commander Islands represent an open oceanic ecosystem where whales feed off the shelf break. Samples from the Commander Islands had the lowest mean δ13C and δ15N values (mean ± SE: δ13C = −18.7 ± 0.1, δ15N = 10.4 ± 0.1) compared to the samples from Karaginsky Gulf (δ13C = −17.2 ± 0.1, δ15N = 12.7 ± 0.2) and Anadyr Gulf (δ13C= −17.8 ± 0.1, δ15N = 14.0 ± 0.4). The samples from Anadyr Gulf had the highest δ15N values, while the samples from Karaginsky Gulf had the highest δ13C values. Both δ13C and δ15N values differed significantly among all three areas. Our data support the hypothesis that humpback whales tend to feed on fish in neritic areas and on plankton in deep oceanic waters.
The Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction
Authors: Wilson M.E. , Berney C. , Behan A.L. , Robinson N.E. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundLidocaine decreases neutrophilic inflammation in models of acute lung injury and decreases inflammation in asthmatic patients. Neutrophilic bronchiolitis develops in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), but it remains unknown if lidocaine infusion decreases neutrophil migration into the airways.HypothesisLidocaine decreases neutrophilic inflammation as measured in BALF in RAO‐affected horses.AnimalsSix RAO‐susceptible horses in remission.MethodsIn a randomized cross‐over design, horses received lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) IV or lidocaine hydrochloride IV with a minimum of 4 weeks at pasture between treatments. Treatments were delivered as continuous infusions beginning 4 hours before and for 68 hours during exposure to hay and straw challenge. Clinical score (CS, grade 0–8), maximal change in pleural pressure (∆Pplmax), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology were measured at baseline and the end of challenge (day 4). Plasma lidocaine concentrations were monitored daily.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences in variables between treatments. Plasma lidocaine concentration was consistently > 1100 ng/mL. After challenge, CS increased significantly [baseline: 2/8 (2–3), [median (interquartile range)]; day 4: 4/8 (4–5) P = .0006] as did ∆Pplmax [baseline: 3.6 (2.63–4.95) cmH20; day 4: 9.62 (6.5–16) P = .0036], but there was no difference between treatments. Percentage of neutrophils was not different between treatments, but lidocaine infusion significantly increased BALF total cells [baseline: LRS 2.18 ± 0.82 × 105 cells/mL (mean ± SD), lidocaine 1.6 ± 0.3 × 105, day 4: LRS 2.0 ± 0.88 × 105, lidocaine 4.4 ± 2 × 105 (P = .0045)].Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLidocaine does not decrease neutrophilic inflammation in RAO.
CA15.3, CEA and LDH in Dogs with Malignant Mammary Tumors
Authors: Campos L.C. , Lavalle G.E. , Estrela‐Lima A. , Melgaço de Faria J.C. , Guimarães J.E. , Dutra Á.P. , Ferreira E. , de Sousa L.P. , Rabelo É.M.L. , Vieira da Costa A.F.D. , Cassali G.D. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPresence of tumor markers in serum might be connected to the number of secreting cells and with the stage of the neoplasm. However, there are few studies regarding these markers in veterinary clinical oncology.ObjectivesTo determine the serum concentrations of cancer antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in female dogs with different stages of mammary cancer.AnimalsNinety female dogs, including 30 that were healthy, 40 that had nonmetastatic cancer, 12 with regional metastasis, and 8 with distant lymph node metastasis.MethodsProspective case‐controlled observational study. Serum samples were collected to measure CA15.3, CEA, and LDH from 60 female dogs with mammary cancer during mastectomy and 30 healthy female dogs during routine check‐up. CA15.3 and CEA were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay and LDH by ultraviolet kinetic method. Western blotting analysis was performed to confirm the specificity and possible cross‐reactivity of human CA15.3 and CEA antibodies with canine serum. Group data were compared by ANOVA followed by Student‐Newman‐Keuls and Tukey's tests. Correlations were investigated by Pearson and Spearman tests.ResultsCEA, CA15.3, and LDH were measurable in all groups. Higher serum concentration of CA15.3 and LDH was associated with regional and distant metastases. There was a significantly higher serum CA15.3 concentration in animals with lymph node metastasis when compared with animals without metastasis. There were no significant differences in CEA among groups. Expression of CA15.3 and CEA in canine serum was confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum CA15.3 can be used to distinguish nonmetastatic from metastatic carcinomas.
Congenital Hypothyroidism with Goiter in Tenterfield Terriers
Authors: Dodgson S.E. , Day R. , Fyfe J.C. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundA cluster of cases of congenital hypothyroidism with goiter (CHG) in Tenterfield Terriers was identified and hypothesized to be dyshormonogenesis of genetic etiology with autosomal recessive inheritance.ObjectivesTo describe the phenotype, thyroid histopathology, biochemistry, mode of inheritance, and causal mutation of CHG in Tenterfield Terriers.AnimalsThyroid tissue from 1 CHG‐affected Tenterfield Terriers, 2 affected Toy Fox Terriers, and 7 normal control dogs. Genomic DNA from blood or buccal brushings of 114 additional Tenterfield Terriers.MethodsBiochemical and genetic segregation analysis of functional gene candidates in a Tenterfield Terrier kindred. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) iodide oxidation activity was measured, and TPO protein and SDS‐resistant thyroglobulin aggregation were assessed on western blots. TPO cDNA was amplified from thyroid RNA and sequenced. Exons and flanking splice sites were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced. Variant TPO allele segregation was assessed by restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products.ResultsThyroid from an affected pup had lesions consistent with dyshormonogenesis. TPO activity was absent, but normal sized immunocrossreactive TPO protein was present. Affected dog cDNA and genomic sequences revealed a homozygous TPO missense mutation in exon 9 (R593W) that was heterozygous in all obligate carriers and in 31% of other clinically normal Tenterfield Terriers.ConclusionsThe mutation underlying CHG in Tenterfield Terriers was identified, and a convenient carrier test made available for screening Tenterfield Terriers used for breeding.