bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le « troc à la muette » : une forme première de négociation
Authors: Faure Guy-Olivier 
Published: December 2014

Si toute négociation ne peut s’affranchir de communication, cette dernière n’implique pas inévitablement des échanges verbaux entre les parties. La nécessaire convergence peut être réalisée par d’autres moyens, notamment par la mise en œuvre d’un processus incrémental d’ajustement. Cet article analyse comment certaines parties, dans un contexte de défiance mutuelle, voire d’hostilité réciproque, peuvent néanmoins parvenir à un accord. Ce type de négociation connu sous l’appellation de « troc à la muette » ( dumb barter ) est en lui-même un paradigme doté d’une rationalité spécifique. Il est caractérisé par une asymétrie du rapport de forces, des différences culturelles majeures et enfin une difficulté logistique extrême pour atteindre le lieu physique de l’échange dans le cadre d’un processus à haut risque. Parfois appelé « échange silencieux », ce type de transaction a pu être observé dans différents endroits de la planète, notamment en Afrique de l’Ouest, et ce pendant plus de deux millénaires. Encore pratiqué de nos jours en certains lieux, il s’agirait du plus vieux mode d’échange connu à ce jour. Ce troc improbable mais qui a fait la preuve de son efficacité dans la longue durée permet de projeter un éclairage singulier sur la nature même de la négociation.
L'Art du discours des cabinets de conseil en stratégie Le cas de la matrice BCG aux États-Unis entre 1969 et 1981
Authors: Mamavi Olivier , Zerbib Romain 
Published: December 2014

La présente étude a pour objet de décrypter le discours promotionnel des cabinets de conseil en stratégie en vue d’imposer leur offre sur les marchés. La littérature souligne que les managers adoptent une pratique en fonction de critères d’ordre « technico-économique », mais également « socio-psychologique ». Notre hypothèse de recherche suppose, par conséquent, que les cabinets ajustent leur discours en fonction de ces deux moteurs d’adoption, pour renforcer la diffusion de leur dispositif sur le marché. Le test se focalise sur un discours ayant fait la promotion d’une pratique vastement diffusée, dont les éléments discursifs sont matériellement et facilement accessibles et couvrent le cycle de vie complet du dispositif promu. Le discours qui a répondu le plus distinctement à ces trois critères fut celui du Boston Consulting Group en charge d’accompagner la diffusion de sa première matrice de portefeuille, aux États-Unis entre 1969 et 1981.
Les organisations et les construits générationnels. Le cas de la génération Y
Authors: Peretti-Ndiaye Marie , Pralong Jean , Philippe Xavier 
Published: December 2014

Concept en vogue dans la littérature managériale, la « génération Y » implique cependant certains biais analytiques que cet article propose d’analyser. Notre propos est ici de montrer, à partir de la présentation d’une recherche portant sur les carrières d’une population de cent trente ingénieurs d’âges diversifiés, et de l’analyse de leurs scripts de carrière , que les construits générationnels et, plus spécifiquement, les discours portant sur ces particularités de la « génération Y » pensées au prisme de l’affaiblissement du pouvoir des organisations, enterrent un peu vite plusieurs mécanismes normatifs auxquels les cadres sont soumis. Cette étude, conduite grâce à la construction et la comparaison de cartes cognitives des membres de différentes générations, tente de déterminer l’influence de l’appartenance à une génération (« l’effet génération ») et de la comparer avec l’influence de la socialisation organisationnelle (« l’effet socialisation ») chez les ingénieurs cadres. Les résultats montrent le primat de l’effet socialisation sur l’effet génération. Ils permettent de discuter la rémanence des cultures organisationnelles comme prescripteurs de comportements et de relativiser la pertinence de la notion de « génération Y».
Travailler plus longtemps ? Les pratiques de conciliation-emploi-famille/vie personnelle dans la perspective d'une diversité de parcours de vie
Authors: Lazzari Dodeler Nadia , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: December 2014

Dans la perspective du parcours de vie, cet article permet de constater l’imbrication des trajectoires professionnelles et familiales/personnelles chez les jeunes individus mais aussi chez les plus âgés en deuxième partie de carrière et en fin de parcours professionnel. Ceci confirme que la problématique de l’articulation ou de la conciliation travail-famille s’étend tout au long du parcours de vie et non seulement en présence d’enfants. Le modèle de parcours de vie de type normatif, en trois temps (études-travail-retraite) semble reculer, voire disparaître. En effet, un quatrième ou un troisième tournant (selon le genre) est envisagé par la construction d’une nouvelle carrière après la prise de la retraite ; nous avons qualifié ceci de renouveau de carrière. Nos résultats confirment aussi l’importance de prendre en compte au moins deux sources de diversité, l’âge et le genre, dans les analyses de parcours de carrières. En lien avec la théorie des ancres de carrière, nous mettons en évidence l’importance de la diversité des ancres de carrière chez une même personne, et la persistance de ces ancres (dévouement à une cause, qualité de vie), mais parfois aussi le changement de la prédominance d’une ancre ou une autre, tout au long du parcours de vie. Ici encore, la prise en compte simultanée de la diversité des âges et du genre est importante.
Le métier a-t-il toujours un genre ? Une question de génération
Authors: Gavoille Franck , Lebègue Typhaine , Parnaudeau Miia 
Published: December 2014

Depuis plusieurs années, la recherche de mixité dans les métiers a donné lieu à de nombreuses actions. Celles-ci ont pour but d’atténuer l’effet du genre perçu des métiers afin de susciter des vocations professionnelles, indistinctement du sexe de l’individu. Mais cette question du genre est-elle toujours pertinente ? Ce travail ambitionne de proposer une réponse à cette question et a pour objectif d’observer la sensibilité au genre d’un métier par les individus. A partir d’une enquête quantitative exploratoire réalisée auprès de 333 répondants, nous n’observons pas de catégorie de métiers spécifiquement exercés par ceux qui accordent une importance au genre, mais remarquons que la prise en compte du degré de masculinité ou de féminité d’un métier relève plutôt d’une question générationnelle.
Les périodiques littéraires et la campagne de La Condamine en faveur de l'inoculation contre la petite vérole
Authors: Marcil Yasmine 
Published: December 2014

Le débat sur l’inoculation de la variole, au cours de la seconde moitié du xviii e siècle a largement dépassé la seule faculté de médecine pour devenir une controverse débattue dans l’espace public. L’article se concentre sur la campagne menée par le célèbre savant Charles-Marie de La Condamine et sur la manière dont elle est reçue dans cinq journaux littéraires : ceux-ci prennent fortement position dans un débat qui remet en cause la légitimité des seuls médecins à traiter des questions de santé.
L'appropriation de l'information médiatique au sujet de la prévention et du dépistage des cancers
Authors: Kivits Joëlle , Hanique Maël , Jacques Béatrice , Renaud Lise 
Published: December 2014

Depuis très longtemps, les autorités sanitaires mènent des campagnes d’information sur la prévention et le dépistage des maladies ; l’évaluation de leur impact et surtout leur réception sont faiblement étudiées. L’article s’appuie sur une enquête par focus groupes pour analyser la manière dont ces messages sont reçus, compris et appropriés. Il montre que la réception s’inscrit dans la trajectoire de vie et le quotidien de l’individu. Il propose donc d’abandonner la notion d’impact pour considérer l’appropriation du message, dans un processus à long terme.
A Ditadura Uruguaia na Ficção de Mario Benedetti
Authors: Pacheco Paes Barreto Irineu 
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as representações da ditadura uruguaia (1973-1985) presentes na ficção de Mario Benedetti (1920-2009). Para tanto, analisamos o livro de contos Con y sin nostalgia (1977) e a novela Primavera com uma esquina rota (1982). O trabalho está dividido em quatro seções. Abordamos, inicialmente, o estilo realista de Benedetti. A seguir, apresentamos uma síntese histórica do período em que o autor viveu no exílio, que coincide, na primeira etapa, com o auge da repressão política no Uruguai, e, numa segunda fase, corresponde ao processo de abertura do regime militar. Dedicamos as duas últimas seções à apreciação das obras ficcionais citadas.
A modified ensemble Kalman particle filter for non‐Gaussian systems with nonlinear measurement functions
Authors: Shen Zheqi , Tang Youmin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe ensemble Kalman particle filter (EnKPF) is a combination of two Bayesian‐based algorithms, namely, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the sequential importance resampling particle filter (SIR‐PF). It was recently introduced to address non‐Gaussian features in data assimilation for highly nonlinear systems, by providing a continuous interpolation between the EnKF and SIR‐PF analysis schemes. In this paper, we first extend the EnKPF algorithm by modifying the formula for the computation of the covariance matrix, making it suitable for nonlinear measurement functions (we will call this extended algorithm nEnKPF). Further, a general form of the Kalman gain is introduced to the EnKPF to improve the performance of the nEnKPF when the measurement function is highly nonlinear (this improved algorithm is called mEnKPF). The Lorenz '63 model and Lorenz '96 model are used to test the two modified EnKPF algorithms. The experiments show that the mEnKPF and nEnKPF, given an affordable ensemble size, can perform better than the EnKF for the nonlinear systems with nonlinear observations. These results suggest a promising opportunity to develop a non‐Gaussian scheme for realistic numerical models.
Drivers of atmospheric nitrate processing and export in forested catchments
Authors: Rose Lucy A. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Elliott Emily M. , Koba Keisuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncreased deposition of reactive atmospheric N has resulted in the nitrogen saturation of many forested catchments worldwide. Isotope‐based studies from multiple forest sites report low proportions (mean = ∼10%) of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in streams during baseflow, regardless of N deposition or nitrate export rates. Given similar proportions of atmospheric nitrate in baseflow across a variety of sites and forest types, it is important to address the postdepositional drivers and processes that affect atmospheric nitrate transport and fate within catchments. In a meta‐analysis of stable isotope‐based studies, we examined the influence of methodological, biological, and hydrologic drivers on the export of atmospheric nitrate from forests. The δ18O‐
values in stream waters may increase, decrease, or not change with increasing discharge during stormflow conditions, and δ18O‐
values are generally higher in stormflow than baseflow. However, δ18O‐
values tended to increase with increasing baseflow discharge at all sites examined. To explain these differences, we present a conceptual model of hydrologic flowpath characteristics (e.g., saturation overland flow versus subsurface stormflow) that considers the influence of topography on landscape‐stream hydrologic connectivity and delivery of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to streams. Methodological biases resulting from differences in sampling frequency and stable isotope analytical techniques may further influence the perceived degree of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate export. Synthesis of results from numerous isotope‐based studies shows that small proportions of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate are common in baseflow. However, hydrologic, topographic, and methodological factors are important drivers of actual or perceived elevated contributions of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to streams.
Determining groundwater‐surface water exchange from temperature‐time series: Combining a local polynomial method with a maximum likelihood estimator
Authors: Vandersteen G. , Schneidewind U. , Anibas C. , Schmidt C. , Seuntjens P. , Batelaan O. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe use of temperature‐time series measured in streambed sediments as input to coupled water flow and heat transport models has become standard when quantifying vertical groundwater‐surface water exchange fluxes. We develop a novel methodology, called LPML, to estimate the parameters for 1‐D water flow and heat transport by combining a local polynomial (LP) signal processing technique with a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. The LP method is used to estimate the frequency response functions (FRFs) and their uncertainties between the streambed top and several locations within the streambed from measured temperature‐time series data. Additionally, we obtain the analytical expression of the FRFs assuming a pure sinusoidal input. The estimated and analytical FRFs are used in an ML estimator to deduce vertical groundwater‐surface water exchange flux and its uncertainty as well as information regarding model quality. The LPML method is tested and verified with the heat transport models STRIVE and VFLUX. We demonstrate that the LPML method can correctly reproduce a priori known fluxes and thermal conductivities and also show that the LPML method can estimate averaged and time‐variable fluxes from periodic and nonperiodic temperature records. The LPML method allows for a fast computation of exchange fluxes as well as model and parameter uncertainties from many temperature sensors. Moreover, it can utilize a broad frequency spectrum beyond the diel signal commonly used for flux calculations.
Evolution of intracranial atherosclerotic disease under modern medical therapy
Authors: Leung Thomas W. , Wang Lily , Soo Yannie O. Y. , Ip Vincent H. L. , Chan Anne Y. Y. , Au Lisa W. C. , Fan Florence S. Y. , Lau Alex Y. L. , Leung Howan , Abrigo Jill , Wong Adrian , Mok Vincent C. T. , Ng Ping Wing , Tsoi Tak Hong , Li Siu Hung , Man Celeste B. L. , Fong Wing Chi , Wong Ka Sing , Yu Simon C. H. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveUnderstanding how symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) evolves with current medical therapy may inform secondary stroke prevention.MethodsIn a prospective academic‐initiated study, we recruited 50 patients (mean age = 63.4 ± 9.0 years) with acute strokes attributed to high‐grade (≥70%) intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis for 3‐dimensional rotational angiograms before and after intensive medical therapy for 12 months. Treatment targets included low‐density lipoprotein ≤ 70mg/dl, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 6.5%, and systolic blood pressure ≤ 140 mmHg. We analyzed infarct topography and monitored microembolic signal in recurrent strokes. The reference group was a published cohort of 143 ICAD patients.ResultsOverall, the stenoses regressed from 79% at baseline (interquartile range [IQR] = 71–87%) to 63% (IQR = 54–74%) in 1 year (p < 0.001). Specifically, the qualifying lesions (n = 49) regressed (stenosis reduced >10%) in 24 patients (49%), remained quiescent (stenosis same or ±10%) in 21 patients (43%), and progressed (stenosis increased >10%) in 4 patients (8%). There was no difference in intensity of risk factor control between groups of diverging clinical or angiographic outcomes. Higher HbA1c at baseline predicted plaque regression at 1 year (odds ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–14.5, p = 0.006). Among the 6 patients with recurrent strokes pertaining to the qualifying stenosis, 5 patients had solitary or rosarylike acute infarcts along the internal or anterior border zones, and 2 patients showed microembolic signals in transcranial Doppler ultrasound.InterpretationA majority of symptomatic high‐grade intracranial plaques had regressed or remained quiescent by 12 months under intensive medical therapy. Artery‐to‐artery thromboembolism with impaired washout at border zones was a common mechanism in stroke recurrence. Ann Neurol 2015;77:478–486
Controlled release of protein from core–shell nanofibers prepared by emulsion electrospinning based on green chemical
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Yuan Yahong , Huang Xiaochen , Yue Tianli 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDirect application of active protein in practical food system suffers from the major disadvantage of protein inactivation caused by food components and environmental factors. This study is the first to encapsulate water‐soluble protein into hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) polymer via emulsion electrospinning technique based on green chemical L‐limonene to achieve sustained release of protein. Core–shell nanostructure with elongated domains was observed in electrospun fibers. In vitro release profiles suggest that a sustained release of protein was achieved. The increased release rate with PS molecular weight reveals that the release of protein could be well tuned by tailoring polymeric molecular weight, which is possibly attributed to the association of release rate with fiber inner structure and protein distribution in matrix. These results demonstrate that an excellent protein delivery system could be obtained via emulsion electrospinning based on green chemical for the application in antimicrobial packaging and filtration in food industry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41811.
Amygdala subnuclei connectivity in response to violence reveals unique influences of individual differences in psychopathic traits in a nonforensic sample
Authors: Yoder Keith J. , Porges Eric C. , Decety Jean 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAtypical amygdala function and connectivity have reliably been associated with psychopathy. However, the amygdala is not a unitary structure. To examine how psychopathic traits in a nonforensic sample are linked to amygdala response to violence, this study used probabilistic tractography to classify amygdala subnuclei based on anatomical projections to and from amygdala subnuclei in a group of 43 male participants. The segmentation identified the basolateral complex (BLA; lateral, basal, and accessory basal subnuclei) and the central subnucleus (CE), which were used as seeds in a functional connectivity analysis to identify differences in neuronal coupling specific to observed violence. While a full amygdala seed showed significant connectivity only to right middle occipital gyrus, subnuclei seeds revealed unique connectivity patterns. BLA showed enhanced coupling with anterior cingulate and prefrontal regions, while CE showed increased connectivity with the brainstem, but reduced connectivity with superior parietal and precentral gyrus. Further, psychopathic personality factors were related to specific patterns of connectivity. Fearless Dominance scores on the psychopathic personality inventory predicted increased coupling between the BLA seed and sensory integration cortices, and increased connectivity between the CE seed and posterior insula. Conversely, Self‐Centered Impulsivity scores were negatively correlated with coupling between BLA and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and Coldheartedness scores predicted increased functional connectivity between BLA and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Taken together, these findings demonstrate how subnuclei segmentations reveal important functional connectivity differences that are otherwise inaccessible. Such an approach yields a better understanding of amygdala dysfunction in psychopathy. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1417–1428, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages promotes the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and the differentiation and migration of macrophages
Authors: Meng Fanbin , Li Changling , Li Wan , Gao Zhigang , Guo Kejian , Song Shaowei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the impact of pancreatic cancer cell interaction with macrophages on the differentiation and function of macrophages and the behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro is evaluated. The expression of immunocompetent cell‐associated markers in 22 pancreatic cancer specimens was characterized by immunohistochemistry. The impact of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC‐1 and BxPC‐3) on the differentiation and migration of human U937 monocytes and the effect of U937‐derived macrophages on the proliferation and invasion of PANC‐1 and BxPC‐3 were determined by transwell assays. The potential effect on U937‐derived macrophages or on the behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells following coculture in a transwell system was analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The high levels of macrophage‐related CD68 and CD163 expression were detected in the pancreatic cancer specimens. Pancreatic cancer cells promoted the differentiation of U937 cells and migration of U937‐derived macrophages, but decreased the mRNA transcripts of macrophage polarization‐related genes of interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD163, particularly for iNOS. Furthermore, U937‐derived M2 macrophages inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, but promoted their invasion. Coculture of pancreatic cancer cells with U937‐derived macrophages upregulated the mRNA expression of genes associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process, angiogenesis, and stemness of pancreatic cancer, but downregulated the expression of E‐cadherin in pancreatic cancer cells. The interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages may play a pivotal role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(12):835–846, 2014
Hypoglycaemic effects of functional tri‐peptides from silk in differentiated adipocytes and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice
Authors: Han Bok Kyung , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Hyun‐Sun , Suh Hyung Joo , Park Yooheon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the tri‐peptides Gly‐Glu‐Tyr (GEY) and Gly‐Tyr‐Gly (GYG), identified previously as active compounds from the silk peptide E5K6, significantly stimulated basal and insulin‐mediated glucose uptake by 3T3‐L1 fibroblasts in a dose‐dependent manner.RESULTSSynthetic GEY and GYG peptides at a concentration of 500 µmol L−1 significantly increased glucose transporter type 4 expression by 157% and 239%, respectively. Differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells into adipocytes leads to accumulation of intracellular fat droplets, and GEY and GYG at a concentration of 250 µmol L−1 suppressed this effect by 72% and 75%, respectively. GYG improved glucose tolerance in steptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that GYG isolated from E5K6 has anti‐diabetic potential and silk waste products containing bioactive peptides could be used to the developments of treatments to lower blood glucose. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry