bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Didymo Control: Increasing the Effectiveness of Decontamination Strategies and Reducing Spread
Authors: Root Samantha , O'Reilly Catherine M 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Nuisance algal blooms formed by the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) have been spreading rapidly, with negative ecological and economic effects. This microscopic alga is transported on fishing equipment, and controlling the spread of didymo involves proper cleaning of gear. Our study experimentally tested several common decontamination treatments and determined the response of state agencies and fishermen to decontamination procedures. In testing decontamination products, we found that dish liquid detergent was the most effective, followed by bleach, Virkon, and salt. Decontaminants were more effective on cells that were not still attached to their stalks. From the fishermen's perspective, didymo was the aquatic invasive species of highest concern, but there was a wide range of approaches to didymo control. Our final recommendations concentrate on the importance of comprehensive information sources and standards for didymo decontamination and education, specifically, and for invasive/nuisance species more generally.
RESUMEN
Los afloramientos nocivos generados por la diatomea Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) se han expandido rapidamente, provocando efectos ecológicos y económicos negativos. Esta alga microscópica es transportada en equipos de pesca y su control implica una limpieza adecuada de los artes. En este estudio experimental se prueban varios tratamientos descontaminantes y se estudia la respuesta de las agencias estatales y de los pescadores ante los procedimientos de descontaminación. Al probar los productos descontaminantes, se encontró que el líquido detergente para trastes fue el más efectivo, seguido por los blanqueadores, el Virkon y la sal. Los descontaminantes probaron ser más efectivos en las células que aun no se encontraban fijas a su tallo. Desde la perspectiva de los pescadores, didymo fue la especie acuática invasiva de mayor cuidado, pero hubo una enorme variedad de enfoques para el control del alga. Las recomendaciones finales se concentran, de manera general, en la importancia de fuentes de información comprensibles, estándares para la descontaminación por didymo y educación, y de manera particular en el control de especies invasivas/nocivas.
Swimways: Protecting Paddlefish through Movement-centered Management
Authors: Pracheil Brenda M , Pegg Mark A , Powell Larkin A , Mestl Gerald E 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Attempts to mitigate lack of formal interjurisdictional paddlefish management have been made in the United States through the Mississippi River Interstate Cooperative Resource Association (MICRA). We used 1988–2009 data from the MICRA paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) stock assessment database—a database containing mark-recapture and biometric information on more than 30,000 individually marked wild paddlefish and more than 2 million hatchery origin paddlefish—to estimate survival and movement across large and potentially biologically relevant spatial scales. Paddlefish frequently moved between political jurisdictions with differing conservation strategies and harvest regulations and showed differences in survival parameter estimates throughout their range. We argue that the degree of interjursidictional movements, spatially variant survival rates, and conservation concerns associated with paddlefish necessitate more cohesive interjurisdictional management. Based on criteria used to establish flyways for migratory bird management, we offer swimways as a potential spatial configuration for biologically relevant management units.
RESUMEN
La Asociación Interestatal de Recursos Cooperativos del Río Mississippi (AIRCRM) ha hecho intentos para mitigar la falta de manejo inter-jurisdiccional del pez espátula en los EEUU. Se utilizó información sobre evaluación de los stocks de pez espátula (Polyodon spathula) contenida en la base de datos de AIRCRM para el periodo 1995–2009, la cual contiene información biométrica y de marca-recaptura de &gt;30,000 peces espátula marcados individualmente y de &gt;2 milliones de especímenes provenientes de cultivo, con el fin de estimar la supervivencia y movimiento a escalas espaciales amplias y con potencial biológico relevante. El pez espátula frecuentemente se mueve entre jurisdicciones políticas que difieren en cuanto a sus estrategias de conservación y regulaciones de captura, y muestra diferencias en sus parámetros de supervivencia a lo largo de su ambito geografico. Se argumenta que el grado de movimiento inter-jurisdiccional, el cambio espacial en las tasas de supervivencia y las preocupaciones de conservación asociadas a esta especie, demandan de un manejo inter-jurisdiccional con mayor cohesión. Sobre la base de criterios usados para establecer corredores de vuelo para el manejo de aves migratorias, aquí se muestra un corredor de nado como una potencial configuración espacial para unidades de manejo biológicamente-relevantes.
CULTURAL POLICY IN EUROPEAN CITIES
Authors: Navarro Clemente J. , Clark Terry N. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Culture policy is a rising issue in local governance. However, the character of this policy is not clear according to the classical division between developmental and redistributive local policies. A first reaction is that culture does not fit into either. But if we dig deeper, we can distinguish three different perspectives on the role of culture in city development following three conceptualisations of cities: (i) creative cities (culture as developmental policy), (ii) planning or educational city (welfare policy), and (iii) cultural scenes approach that stress cultural consumption (transversal policy). These conceptualisations are used by analysts as well as mayors, suggesting three hypotheses to be analysed using a cross-national survey of European mayors. The main results show the transversal character of cultural issues in mayors' agendas, as well as differences in handling cultural issues according the classical growth and welfare approaches to local policy analysis.
Frequency of peripheral arterial disease and venous insufficiency in toenail onychomycosis
Authors: OZKAN Fuat , OZTURK Perihan , OZYURT Kemal , İNCİ Mehmet F. , KALENDER Ali M. , BAKAN Betul , YUKSEL Murvet 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTOnychomycosis in toenails is a common fungal infection and vascular abnormalities of lower extremities have been thought as one of the predisposing conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposition effect of venous insufficiency and peripheral arterial disease on toenail onychomycosis. Thirty‐three patients with bilateral onychomycosis in toenails and 37 control subjects, who had healthy nails, were enrolled in the study. Veins and arteries of lower extremities were examined with Doppler ultrasound in terms of venous insufficiency or peripheral arterial disease. Patients with onychomycosis presented more frequent venous insufficiency than the control group (42.4% and 10.8%, respectively; P = 0.003). Although all patients had bilateral onychomycosis, reflux was bilateral in six out of 14 patients with onychomycosis (42.8%). No significant difference in frequency of peripheral arterial disease was found in patients, compared to healthy controls. Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between onychomycosis and venous insufficiency, but not with peripheral arterial disease. Also, we point out discordance with bilateral onychomycosis and unilateral venous insufficiency.
The effect of different host plants on the reproduction and longevity ofNysius natalensis
Authors: du Plessis H. , Byrne M.J. , van den Berg J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNysius natalensisEvans (Hemiptera:Orsillidae) is a pest of sunflower inSouthAfrica. Adults invade sunflower fields from their weedy hosts which occur inside crop fields and on surrounding headlands. The host plant suitability for survival and reproduction as well as the effect of within‐generation host switching was studied on different wild host plants and sunflower. Life history parameters used to assess host plant suitability were F1adult survival, pre‐oviposition period, fecundity, and longevity. Nymphs and adults were provided with stems and seeds of five host plants, viz.,Amaranthus hybridusL. (Amaranthaceae),Portulaca oleraceaL. (Portulacaceae),Chenopodium albumL. (Chenopodiaceae),Conyza albidaSpreng. (Asteraceae), and sunflower,Helianthus annuusL. (Asteraceae). Nymphs were reared on crushed seed of the five plant species. After completion of the nymphal stage, emerging adults of each host plant group were provided with seed of a different host plant species for food. Adults did not survive long on stems only and very few eggs were laid. Seeds of the host plant species were shown to be an essential source of nutrients forN.natalensisreproduction, whereas the vegetative plant parts were unsuitable. Nymphal food and host‐plant switching between the nymphal and adult stages significantly affected the pre‐oviposition period. Nymphal and adult food source also affected female longevity. The number of eggs laid was not influenced by nymphal food, but was influenced by adult food and the switch between nymphal and adult food. The comparative attractiveness of sunflower and wild host plants for oviposition was also investigated and showed that females preferred to lay eggs on wild host plants, compared with sunflower. These results may explain whyN. natalensiswill lay their eggs on sunflower after weeds in the vicinity are controlled, or senesce toward the end of the growing season.
Multiple conditions: exploring literature from the consumer perspective in Australia
Authors: Walker Christine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundFollowing a workshop with people with multiple conditions, the Chronic Illness Alliance undertook a literature review to explore current literature about multiple conditions.MethodsThe literature search was performed using Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library employing an extensive list of search terms and limited to English language journals between 1999 and 2009. Inclusion criteria for articles were those articles focussing on issues identified by consumers with more than one chronic illness and the health services working with them.ResultsThe results reported in this article are definitions of multiple conditions, safety and quality of services, risks and benefits of treatments for multiple and rare conditions and coordination of services.DiscussionThe impact of multiple conditions or multimorbidities on health services has been researched internationally and identifies the barriers to good health care when multiple conditions are not recognized. While the issues for consumers with more than one condition are not well recognized, the barriers identified by the literature are of great importance to consumers.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that services and policies in Australia require specific reforms to better meet the needs of people with multiple conditions.
The evaluation of depigmenting efficacy in the skin for the development of new whitening agents in Korea
Authors: Son K. H. , Heo M. Y. 
Published: October 2012

SynopsisIn this review, the evaluation methods for the screening of depigmenting substrates were investigated. For this purpose, the evaluation method of tyrosinase, a key enzyme of melanin biosynthesis, is most frequently used, but evaluating methods based on the regulation of cellular signal transfer factors or the inhibition of melanosome transfer have also been developed. Evaluation of the depigmenting effect using melanocytes is complex. It has the advantage of being capable of analysing overall effects on melanin biosynthesis at cellular levels. Before the final clinical testing of depigmenting agents, in vitro testing should be conducted to confirm the depigmenting efficacy and safety. Clinical studies for depigmenting agents can be used to investigate the prevention of melanin biosynthesis and to determine whether melanin disappears from skin. Therefore, the most appropriate protocol has to be employed, depending on the mechanism of action of the depigmenting agent.
The effect of surface tension reduction on the clinical performance of sodium hypochlorite in endodontics
Authors: Rossi‐Fedele G. , Prichard J. W. , Steier L. , de Figueiredo J. A. P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is recommended as an endodontic irrigant in view of its broad antimicrobial and tissue dissolution capacities. To enhance its penetration into inaccessible areas of root canals and to improve its overall effect, the addition of surface‐active agents has been suggested. The aim of this investigation was to review the effect of the reduction of the surface tension on the performance of NaOCl in endodontics. A search was performed in the Medline electronic database (articles published up to 28 July 2012, in English) with the search terms and combinations as follows: ‘sodium hypochlorite AND surface tension or interfacial force or interfacial tension or surface‐active agent or amphiphilic agent or surface active agent or surfactant or tenside or detergent'. The purpose of this search was to identify publications that compared NaOCl alone and NaOCl modified with the addition of a surface‐active agent in endodontics. A hand search of articles published online (‘in‐press’ and ‘early view’), and appearing in the reference list of the articles included, was further performed, using the same search criteria as the electronic search. The search identified 302 publications, of which 11 fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the review. The evidence available suggests that surface‐active agents improve the penetration of NaOCl in the main canal and have no effect on its pulp tissue dissolution ability. There are, however, insufficient data to enable a sound conclusion to be drawn regarding the effect of modifying NaOCl's surface tension on lubrication, antimicrobial and smear layer or debris removal abilities.
CaWRKY58, encoding a groupI WRKYtranscription factor ofCapsicum annuum, negatively regulates resistance toRalstonia solanacearuminfection
Authors: Wang Yuna , Dang Fengfeng , Liu Zhiqin , Wang Xu , Eulgem Thomas , Lai Yan , Yu Lu , She Jianju , Shi Youliang , Lin Jinhui , Chen Chengcong , Guan Deyi , Qiu Ailian , He Shuilin 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWRKYtranscription factors are encoded by large gene families across the plant kingdom. So far, their biological and molecular functions in nonmodel plants, including pepper (Capsicum annuum) and other Solanaceae, remain poorly understood. Here, we report on the functional characterization of a new groupI WRKYprotein from pepper, termedCaWRKY58. Our data indicate thatCaWRKY58 can be localized to the nucleus and can activate the transcription of the reporterβ‐glucuronidase(GUS) gene driven by the35Score promoter with two copies of theW‐box in its proximal upstream region. In pepper plants infected with the bacterial pathogenRalstonia solanacearum,CaWRKY58transcript levels showed a biphasic response, manifested in an early/transient down‐regulation and late up‐regulation.CaWRKY58transcripts were suppressed by treatment with methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid. Tobacco plants overexpressingCaWRKY58did not show any obvious morphological phenotypes, but exhibited disease symptoms of greater severity than did wild‐type plants. The enhanced susceptibility ofCaWRKY58‐overexpressing tobacco plants correlated with the decreased expression of hypersensitive response marker genes, as well as various defence‐associated genes. Consistently,CaWRKY58pepper plants silenced by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) displayed enhanced resistance to the highly virulentR. solanacearumstrainFJC100301, and this was correlated with enhanced transcripts of defence‐related pepper genes. Our results suggest thatCaWRKY58acts as a transcriptional activator of negative regulators in the resistance of pepper toR. solanacearuminfection.
Cohort monitoring of persons with diabetes mellitus in a primary healthcare clinic for Palestine refugees in Jordan
Authors: Khader Ali , Farajallah Loai , Shahin Yousef , Hababeh Majed , Abu‐Zayed Ishtaiwi , Kochi Arata , Harries Anthony D. , Zachariah Rony , Kapur Anil , Venter Wendy , Seita Akihiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective  To illustrate the method of cohort reporting of persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a primary healthcare clinic in Amman, Jordan, serving Palestine refugees with the aim of improving quality of DM care services.Method  A descriptive study using quarterly and cumulative case findings, as well as cumulative and 12‐month analyses of cohort outcomes collected through E‐Health in UNRWA Nuzha Primary Health Care Clinic.Results  There were 55 newly registered patients with DM in quarter 1, 2012, and a total of 2851 patients with DM ever registered on E‐Health because this was established in 2009. By 31 March 2012, 70% of 2851 patients were alive in care, 18% had failed to present to a healthcare worker in the last 3 months and the remainder had died, transferred out or were lost to follow‐up. Cumulative and 12‐month cohort outcome analysis indicated deficiencies in several components of clinical care: measurement of blood pressure, annual assessments for foot care and blood tests for glucose, cholesterol and renal function. 10–20% of patients with DM in the different cohorts had serious late complications such as blindness, stroke, cardiovascular disease and amputations.Conclusion  Cohort analysis provides data about incidence and prevalence of DM at the clinic level, clinical management performance and prevalence of serious morbidity. It needs to be more widely applied for the monitoring and management of non‐communicable chronic diseases.
Validation of a novel epicutaneous delivery system for patch testing of house dust mite‐hypersensitive dogs
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Linder Keith E. , Paps Judy S. , Bizikova Petra , Dunston Stan , Donne Nathalie , Mondoulet Lucie 
Published: October 2012

Background – Patch tests with allergens are used for the evaluation of cellular hypersensitivity to food and environmental allergens in dogs and humans with atopic dermatitis. Viaskin is a novel allergen epicutaneous delivery system that enhances epidermal allergen capture by immune cells.Objectives – To compare the use of Viaskin and Finn chamber patch tests in dogs hypersensitive to mite allergens.Methods – Empty control or Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite‐containing Viaskin or Finn chamber patches were applied to the thoracic skin of six mite‐hypersensitive Maltese‐beagle crossbred atopic dogs. Lesions were graded 49 and 72 h after patch test application, and skin biopsies were collected after 72 h. Overall microscopic inflammation, eosinophil and T‐lymphocyte infiltrations were scored.Results – Positive macroscopic patch test reactions developed at five of six Viaskin application sites and four of six Finn chamber application sites. Median microscopic epidermal and dermal inflammation, as well as eosinophil and CD3 T‐lymphocyte dermal scores were always higher in biopsies collected at Viaskin than at Finn chamber sites. Microscopic inflammation scores were significantly higher after mite allergen‐containing Viaskin compared with empty patches, but this was not the case for mite‐containing Finn chambers compared with control chambers. Scores obtained using Viaskin were not significantly different from those obtained using Finn chambers. Macroscopic and microscopic scores were significantly correlated.Conclusions and clinical importance – In mite‐allergic dogs, Viaskin epicutaneous delivery systems appear to induce stronger allergen‐specific inflammation than currently used Finn chamber patch tests. Consequently, Viaskin patches might offer a better alternative for screening cellular hypersensitivity to food and environmental allergens.
Genetic variants in Protocadherin‐1, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness, and asthma subphenotypes in German children
Authors: Toncheva Antoaneta A. , Suttner Kathrin , Michel Sven , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Balschun Tobias , Vogelberg Christian , von Berg Andrea , Bufe Albrecht , Heinzmann Andrea , Laub Otto , Rietschel Ernst , Simma Burkhard , Frischer Thomas , Genuneit Jon , von Mutius Erika , Kabesch Michael 
Published: October 2012

To cite this article: Toncheva AA, Suttner K, Michel S, Klopp N, Illig T, Balschun T, Vogelberg C, von Berg A, Bufe A, Heinzmann A, Laub O, Rietschel E, Simma B, Frischer T, Genuneit J, von Mutius E, Kabesch M. Genetic variants in Protocadherin‐1, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness, and asthma subphenotypes in German children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012.AbstractBackground:  Recently, Protocadherin‐1 (PCDH1) was reported as a novel susceptibility gene for bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) and asthma. PCDH1 is located on chromosome 5q31‐33, in the vicinity of several known candidate genes for asthma and allergy. To exclude that the associations observed for PCDH1 originate from the nearby cytokine cluster, an extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed. Effects of polymorphisms in PCDH1 on asthma, BHR, and related phenotypes were studied comprehensively.Methods:  Genotype information was acquired from Illumina HumanHap300Chip genotyping, MALDI‐TOF MS genotyping, and imputation. LD was assessed by Haploview 4.2 software. Associations were investigated in a population of 1454 individuals (763 asthmatics) from two German study populations [MAGICS and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase II (ISAAC II)] using logistic regression to model additive effects.Results:  No relevant LD between PCDH1 tagging polymorphisms and 98 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the cytokine cluster was detected. While BHR was not associated with PCDH1 polymorphisms, significant associations with subphenotypes of asthma were observed.Conclusion:  Protocadherin‐1 polymorphisms may specifically affect the development of non‐atopic asthma in children. Functional studies are needed to further investigate the role of PCDH1 in BHR and asthma development.
Anti‐fascism and Montenegrin Identity since 1990
Authors: ČAGOROVIĆ NEBOJŠA 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis is an article about the complex role played by the concept of ‘anti‐fascism’ in the emergence of modern Montenegrin identity. The author shows how anti‐fascism becomes ‘a label of convenience’ which has been used and abused by politicians of all sides in the last twenty years. The article draws attention to the way in which anti‐fascist rhetoric was continually redefined and exploited by those in power in Montenegro to garner approval for a series of changing and frequently contradictory approaches and policies.