bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinigen mit Licht und Regen
Authors: Neinhuis Christoph , Groß Frank , Elfenthal Lothar , Blöß Stephan , Grau Rüdiger , Fleisch Manuel , Bahnemann Detlef 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung des Lotus‐Effekts in den 1970er Jahren ist das Interesse an selbstreinigenden Oberflächen rasant gestiegen. Neben hydrophobierten Oberflächen, die dem natürlichen Beispiel der Lotus‐Pflanze folgen, spielen auch superhydrophile, photokatalytisch aktive Beschichtungen eine große Rolle. Diese setzen im Gegensatz zu Lotus‐Beschichtungen nicht auf eine wasserabweisende Wirkung, sondern oxidieren Verschmutzungen durch Lichteinstrahlung langsam an ihrer Oberfläche und unterspülen Rückstände mit Wasser. Lotus‐Beschichtungen profitieren hierbei zwar von der Tatsache, dass sie lichtunabhängig arbeiten, sind dafür mechanisch sehr empfindlich und nicht transparent. Photokatalysator‐Beschichtungen hingegen sind mechanisch stabil, benötigen jedoch Licht zur Entfaltung ihrer Reinigungswirkung
Colchicin
Authors: Appun Johannes , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Steinke Katrin , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractColchicin wurde aus dem zerkleinerten Samen der Herbstzeitlose extrahiert und durch Flash‐Chromatografie und präparative HPLC gereinigt. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben. Die NMR‐ sowie die Massenspektren werden eingehend interpretiert und mit theoretischen Berechnungen der 13C‐chemischen Verschiebungen verglichen. Das Projekt stellt eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009) dar.
Seltenerd‐Katalyse in aerober Methanogenese
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVulkanische Schlammpfützen warten mit hohen Temperaturen und saurem Wasser auf. Genau der Ort, um Bakterien auf unbekannte Stoffwechselwege zu untersuchen. Acidophil und methanotroph ist die Art Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV. Ihre Kultivierung gelang gleichwohl bislang nur mit original Vulkanwasser. Der Grund ist nun klar: Seltenerdmetalle sind am aktiven Zentrum eines Enzyms beteiligt.
Structured Illumination Microscopy for Superresolution
Authors: Allen John R. , Ross Stephen T. , Davidson Michael W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe ability to image beyond the diffraction limit is the central tenet of the burgeoning field of superresolution fluorescence microscopy, also referred to as optical nanoscopy. The advent of superresolution has revolutionized biological fluorescence microscopy and the field at large. However, much of that excitement has been tempered by prohibitive imaging requirements. Achieving superresolution entails certain sacrifices, namely imaging speed, choice of fluorophore, ease of multicolor and three‐dimensional imaging, and generally more complex instrumentation as compared to standard widefield imaging techniques. Several techniques utilizing structured illumination occupy an intriguing middle ground between the ease of use associated with traditional fluorescence microscopies and the unprecedented resolving power of modern superresolution methods, resulting in undeniably robust imaging techniques. Presented here is a review of the conceptual basis of structured illumination and its implementation, including its performance in comparison to other nanoscopies and the most recent developments in the field.
Cell type related differences in staining with pentameric thiophene derivatives
Authors: Cieślar‐Pobuda Artur , Bäck Marcus , Magnusson Karin , Jain Mayur V. , Rafat Mehrdad , Ghavami Saeid , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Łos Marek J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFluorescent compounds capable of staining cells selectively without affecting their viability are gaining importance in biology and medicine. Recently, a new family of optical dyes, denoted luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), has emerged as an interesting class of highly emissive molecules for studying various biological phenomena. Properly functionalized LCOs have been utilized for selective identification of disease‐associated protein aggregates and for selective detection of distinct cells. Herein, we present data on differential staining of various cell types, including cancer cells. The differential staining observed with newly developed pentameric LCOs is attributed to distinct side chain functionalities along the thiophene backbone. Employing flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy we examined a library of LCOs for stainability of a variety of cell lines. Among tested dyes we found promising candidates that showed strong or moderate capability to stain cells to different extent, depending on target cells. Hence, LCOs with diverse imidazole motifs along the thiophene backbone were identified as an interesting class of agents for staining of cancer cells, whereas LCOs with other amino acid side chains along the backbone showed a complete lack of staining for the cells included in the study. Furthermore, for p‐HTMI,a LCO functionalized with methylated imidazole moieties, the staining was dependent on the p53 status of the cells, indicating that the molecular target for the dye is a cellular component regulated by p53. We foresee that functionalized LCOs will serve as a new class of optical ligands for fluorescent classification of cells and expand the toolbox of reagents for fluorescent live imaging of different cells. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Pure Water using Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Xia Ting , Wallenmeyer Petra , Harris Cindel X. , Peterson Appie A. , Corsiglia Gerald A. , Murowchick James , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report here the photocatalytic hydrogen generation from pure (deionized) water under simulated solar light with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles, without the assistance of sacrificial reagents or precious metal co‐catalysts. We have studied the pH effects of the addition of methanol and the loading of a Pt co‐catalyst on the photocatalytic hydrogen generation efficiency of SiC nanoparticles. We have found that SiC nanoparticles display the best photocatalytic hydrogen generation efficiency in pure water. SiC nanoparticles show activity in both ultraviolet (UV) and visible‐light regions. The addition of methanol in water or loading of Pt nanoparticles on the surface lowers their activity. Thus, SiC nanoparticles may serve as an ideal model photocatalyst for future studies in generating hydrogen from pure water.
Incidence of hospital‐acquired venous thromboembolic codes in medical patients hospitalized in academic medical centers
Authors: Khanna Raman , Maynard Gregory , Sadeghi Banafsheh , Hensley Laurie , Medvedev Sofia , Danielsen Beate , White Richard H. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDHospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism (HA‐VTE, VTE occurring during a hospitalization) codes in hospital billing data are often used as a surrogate for hospital‐associated VTE events occurring during or up to 30 days after a hospitalization, which are more difficult to measure.OBJECTIVEEstablish the incidence and composition of HA‐VTE/superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) coded in a large cohort of medical patients.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of discharges.SETTINGEighty‐three academic medical centers in UHC (formerly University HealthSystem Consortium).PATIENTSPatients with medical diagnoses hospitalized >2 days between October 1, 2009, and March 31, 2011.MEASUREMENTSIncidence and anatomic location of HA‐VTE codes, defined as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for VTE coupled to a present‐on‐admission indicator flag set to “No.”RESULTSAmong 2,525,068 medical hospitalizations, 12,847 (0.51%) cases had ≥1 thrombotic code; 2449 (19.1%) with pulmonary embolism (PE), and 3848 (30%) with lower‐extremity deep venous thrombosis (LE‐DVT) without PE. Upper‐extremity DVT (2893; 22.5%) and SVT (3248; 25.3%) comprised the bulk of remaining cases. Among cases with HA‐PE/LE‐DVT, 34.3% had cancer, 47.8% received care in an intensive care unit, 78% had severe or extreme severity of illness, and 16.5% died in the hospital. Overall, 54.9% of the patients who developed a HA‐PE/LE‐DVT had been started on VTE pharmacoprophylaxis on hospital day 1 or 2.CONCLUSIONAt academic centers, HA‐VTE/SVT is coded in 0.51% of medical inpatients, and HA‐PE/LE‐DVT is coded in half of those. Most patients with HA‐PE/LE‐DVT are severely ill and develop VTE despite receiving prophylaxis. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:221–225. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Photopolymere in der Industrie
Authors: Strehmel Bernd 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Ortsselektivität der Photopolymerisation macht sie den üblichen thermisch initiierten Vernetzungen von Polymeren überlegen. Industrielle Anwendungen reichen von der Informationsspeicherung über Lithografie und Lacke bis zu Dentalkompositen.
Stabilized Magnesium/Perfluoropolyether Nanocomposite Films by Helium Droplet Cluster Assembly
Authors: Emery Samuel B. , Rider Keith B. , Lindsay C. Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe production of stable, pre‐reactive, nanocomposite mixtures of magnesium and a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) has been achieved through the application of helium droplet cluster assembly. The nanocomposite films presented in this work demonstrated clear thermal desorption features that indicate the formation of an MgF2 passivation layer between unreacted magnesium cores and PFPE shells upon heating. Additional heating resulted in the later rupture of the MgF2 layer and release of trapped magnesium. The passivation behavior occurred only after deposition with the input of thermal energy, demonstrating the ability of helium droplets to assemble and deposit clusters in a pre‐reactive state.
Decreased cerebral spinal fluid neurotransmitter levels in Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome
Authors: Sparks S. E. , Wassif C. A. , Goodwin H. , Conley S. K. , Lanham D. C. , Kratz L. E. , Hyland K. , Gropman A. , Tierney E. , Porter F. D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSmith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive, multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with cognitive impairment and a distinct behavioral phenotype that includes autistic features. SLOS is caused by a defect in 3β‐hydroxysterol Δ7‐reductase which leads to decreased cholesterol levels and elevated cholesterol precursors, specifically 7‐ and 8‐dehydrocholesterol. However, the pathological processes contributing to the neurological abnormalities in SLOS have not been defined. In view of prior data suggesting defects in SLOS in vesicular release and given the association of altered serotonin metabolism with autism, we were interested in measuring neurotransmitter metabolite levels in SLOS to assess their potential to be used as biomarkers in therapeutic trials. We measured cerebral spinal fluid levels of serotonin and dopamine metabolites, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) respectively, in 21 SLOS subjects. Results were correlated with the SLOS anatomical severity score, Aberrant Behavior Checklist scores and concurrent sterol biochemistry. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) levels of both 5HIAA and HVA were significantly reduced in SLOS subjects. In individual patients, the levels of both 5HIAA and HVA were reduced to a similar degree. CSF neurotransmitter metabolite levels did not correlate with either CSF sterols or behavioral measures. This is the first study demonstrating decreased levels of CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in SLOS. We propose that decreased levels of neurotransmitters in SLOS are caused by a sterol‐related defect in synaptic vesicle formation and that CSF 5HIAA and HVA will be useful biomarkers in development of future therapeutic trials.
Developmental co‐expression and functional redundancy of tyrosine phosphatases with neurotrophin receptors in developing sensory neurons
Authors: Tchetchelnitski Viktoria , van den Eijnden Monique , Schmidt Fanny , Stoker Andrew W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractReceptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have been implicated as direct or indirect regulators of neurotrophin receptors (TRKs). It remains less clear if and how such RPTPs might regulate TRK proteins in vivo during development. Here we present a comparative expression profile of RPTP genes and Trk genes during early stages of murine, dorsal root ganglion maturation. We find little if any specific, temporal mRNA co‐regulation between individual RPTP and Ntrk genes between E12.5 and E14.5. Moreover, a double fluorescent in‐situ hybridization and immunofluorescence study of seven Rptp genes with Ntrks revealed widespread co‐expression of RPTPs in individual neurons, but no tight correlation with Trk expression profiles. No Rptp is expressed in 100% of Ntrk1‐expressing neurons, whereas at least 6 RPTPs are expressed in 100% of Ntrk2‐ and Ntrk3‐expressing neurons. An exception is Ptpro, which showed very selective expression. Short hairpin RNA suppression of Ptprf, Ptprs or Ptpro in primary, E13.5 DRG neurons did not alter TRK signalling. We therefore propose that TRK signalling may not be simply dependent on rate‐limiting regulation by individual RPTP subtypes during sensory neuron development. Instead, TRK signalling has the potential to be buffered by concurrent inputs from several RPTPs in individual neurons.
Development and validation of a brief dementia screening indicator for primary care
Authors: Barnes Deborah E. , Beiser Alexa S. , Lee Anne , Langa Kenneth M. , Koyama Alain , Preis Sarah R. , Neuhaus John , McCammon Ryan J. , Yaffe Kristine , Seshadri Sudha , Haan Mary N. , Weir David R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundDetection of “any cognitive impairment” is mandated as part of the Medicare annual wellness visit, but screening all patients may result in excessive false positives.MethodsWe developed and validated a brief Dementia Screening Indicator using data from four large, ongoing cohort studies (the Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS]; the Framingham Heart Study [FHS]; the Health and Retirement Study [HRS]; the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging [SALSA]) to help clinicians identify a subgroup of high‐risk patients to target for cognitive screening.ResultsThe final Dementia Screening Indicator included age (1 point/year; ages, 65–79 years), less than 12 years of education (9 points), stroke (6 points), diabetes mellitus (3 points), body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (8 points), requiring assistance with money or medications (10 points), and depressive symptoms (6 points). Accuracy was good across the cohorts (Harrell's C statistic: CHS, 0.68; FHS, 0.77; HRS, 0.76; SALSA, 0.78).ConclusionsThe Dementia Screening Indicator is a simple tool that may be useful in primary care settings to identify high‐risk patients to target for cognitive screening.
Retrospective epidemiological analysis of sparganosis in mainland China from 1959 to 2012
Authors: LU G. , SHI D.-Z. , LU Y.-J. , WU L.-X. , LI L.-H. , RAO L.-Y. , YIN F.-F. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYIn this study, epidemiological factors of sparganosis cases reported in mainland China from 1959 to December 2012 were analysed. A total of 1061 valid cases were distributed throughout most of the provinces of mainland China, with most cases occurring in Southern and Eastern China. The average age of patients was 29 years (range 0–80 years). Modes of transmission to humans were via contact (54·6%), mainly by application of frog meat as a poultice, foodborne (33·8%), mainly through ingesting frogs or snakes, and waterborne (11·5%) through drinking raw water. The tissue/organs involved were subcutaneous/muscle (43·1%), eyes (31·0%), central nervous system (CNS) (17·9%), urogenital system (3·9%) and visceral organs (3·2%). Obvious differences existed in main risk factors for different areas. Close correlation was found between tissue/organs and risk factors. Main modes of transmission changed during the past decades, from contact (83·8% pre-1979) to foodborne (63·9% post-2000). The tissue/organs involved also changed at the same time. Cases involving eyes fell from 50·0% pre-1979 to 8·3% post-2000, and cases involving CNS increased from 0% pre-1979 to 47·8% post-2000. These results illustrate that China is one of the main epidemic countries of sparganosis in the world. Consumption of frog/snake meat was the main risk factor, although application of frog flesh as a poultice was the main risk factor before 2000. Sparganosis has become one of the neglected but important foodborne/waterborne parasitic diseases in mainland China.
Comparison of approaches to correct intake–health associations for FFQ measurement error using a duplicate recovery biomarker and a duplicate 24 h dietary recall as reference method
Authors: Geelen Anouk , Souverein Olga W , Busstra Maria C , de Vries Jeanne HM , van ‘t Veer Pieter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo illustrate the impact of intake-related bias in FFQ and 24 h recall (24hR), and correlated errors between these methods, on intake–health associations.DesignDietary intake was assessed by a 180-item semi-quantitative FFQ and two 24hR. Urinary N and urinary K were estimated from two 24 h urine samples. We compared four scenarios to correct associations for errors in an FFQ estimating protein and K intakes.SettingWageningen, The Netherlands.SubjectsFifty-nine men and fifty-eight women aged 45–65 years.ResultsFor this FFQ, measurement error weakened a true relative risk of 2·0 to 1·4 for protein and 1·5 for K. As compared with calibration to duplicate recovery biomarkers (i.e. the preferred scenario 1), estimating a validity coefficient using this duplicate biomarker resulted in overcorrected associations, caused by intake-related bias in the FFQ (scenario 2). The correction factor based on a triad using biomarkers and 24hR was hampered by this intake-related bias and by correlated errors between FFQ and 24hR, and in this population resulted in a nearly perfect correction for protein but an overcorrection for K (scenario 3). When the 24hR was used for calibration, only a small correction was done, due to correlated errors between the methods and intake-related bias in the 24hR (scenario 4).ConclusionsCalibration to a gold standard reference method is the preferred approach to correct intake–health associations for FFQ measurement error. If it is not possible to do so, using the 24hR as reference method only partly removes the errors, but may result in improved intake–health associations.
Family Relations, Stressful Events and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hess Adriana Raquel Binsfeld , Teodoro Maycoln Leoni Martins , Falcke Denise 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to examine how emotional and behavioral problems of parents and children and the characteristics of family relationships can be predictors of internalizing symptoms manifested by children after one year. This was a quantitative research study, of the longitudinal type, with a one year interval between the first and second evaluation. Participants were 139 adolescents, and their parents, with ages ranged from 11 to 16 years (Mage= 12.90,SD= 1.07). The instruments used were: a Socio-Demographic Data Sheet, Youth Self-Report of 11 to 18 years old (YSR), Adult Self-Report of 18 to 59 years old (ASR), Familiogram (FG), the Family Climate Inventory (FCI) and Inventory of Stressful Events in Adolescence (ISEA). Results indicated that family relationships did not have a significant explanatory power in relation to internalizing symptoms of the adolescent after a year. Based on this study, it is possible to think that during adolescence, the power of the family to influence becomes more restricted in comparison with social and peer influence.
Creativity at the Intersection of art and Religion
Authors: Haynes Deborah J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
What does creativity mean in the study of the arts and religious traditions? In discussing this question, the chapter begins with general definitions of creativity and the creative process, then examines in more detail how creativity intersects the arenas of visual art and religion. Using an interpretive model based on categories of creator, object, viewer, and context, examples are drawn from diverse cultures. Issues of diversity and cultural differences in the interpretation of creativity within and outside of religious traditions, as well as the relationship of creative artistic work to contemplative practice, are also addressed.
Architectural Expression and Ways of Being Religious
Authors: Kieckhefer Richard 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article examines the architectural traditions of the world’s religions, with particular emphasis on synagogues, churches, mosques, and Hindu and Buddhist temples. Using a comparative approach, it first describes common and distinguishing features of religious architecture. It then looks at issues and problems that tend to arise in church design, such as whether to aim for monumentality and splendor or rather for simple and modest design; what sort of symbolism to use in the design and decoration of buildings; in what ways architecture can and should be affected by currents of liturgical reform; whether to allow representational art or restrict ornament to non-representational forms; or how much emphasis to place on principles of harmony and mathematical proportion. Finally, it discusses various approaches used in studying church architecture.
Christianity and Literature
Authors: Wood Ralph C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
It is virtually impossible to discern the character of western literature apart from its relation to the various forms of Christian tradition, no matter whether this Christian literary presence is central or tangential, affirmative or hostile. Augustine, Dante, Milton, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Hopkins, Joyce, and Eliot are obvious examples. Roughly considered, two kinds Christian theology have been recently employed in making such theological discernments. The first is represented by Paul Tillich and Karl Rahner. It seeks to discern both smaller and larger intersections between Christianity and secularity, detecting the Sacred even in such non-Christian texts as Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses. The second approach is found in Karl Barth and Hans Urs von Balthasar. Their theologies are often employed in making both a prophetic critique and a sacramental reclamation of the Christian Gospel as it is present or absent in such authors as Flannery O’Connor.
Christianity and Music
Authors: Westermeyer Paul 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
On Sundays around Word and Table and at prayer during the week, Christians in their worship have created music for congregational assemblies and for choirs, spawning artistic “folk” music and “art” music by remarkably able composers, among them anonymous persons, as well as those whose names we know, such as J. S. Bach. Some Christians have objected to music, obliterating it altogether from worship or restricting it, but over the long haul it has blossomed artistically and freely in various styles and forms. This chapter describes positions that have been taken and gives a brief history of the church’s encounter with music, from generative psalms and canticles to the present.
Confucianism and the Arts
Authors: Sommer Deborah 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this chapter, the term “Confucian” refers to East Asian beliefs and practices influenced by a corpus of historical, ritual, and philosophical literature compiled by the fourth century BCE in China. “Being religious” includes such phenomena as personal self-cultivation, interpersonal human relations, participation in family rites, governance of the state, and the quest for sagehood. These activities were expressed artistically through the creation of imaged forms, the construction of sacred spaces, and ritual performance.