bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in efficiency of particulate organic carbon export: A model study
Authors: Henson Stephanie A. , Yool Andrew , Sanders Richard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe flux of organic carbon from the surface ocean to mesopelagic depths is a key component of the global carbon cycle and is ultimately derived from primary production (PP) by phytoplankton. Only a small fraction of organic carbon produced by PP is exported from the upper ocean, referred to as the export efficiency (herein e‐ratio). Limited observations of the e‐ratio are available, and there is thus considerable interest in using remotely sensed parameters such as sea surface temperature to extrapolate local estimates to global annual export flux. Currently, there are large discrepancies between export estimates derived in this way; one possible explanation is spatial or temporal sampling bias in the observations. Here we examine global patterns in the spatial and seasonal variability in e‐ratio and the subsequent effect on export estimates using a high‐resolution global biogeochemical model. The model used here represents export as separate slow‐ and fast‐sinking detrital material whose remineralization is respectively temperature dependent and a function of ballasting minerals. We find that both temperature and the fraction of export carried by slow‐sinking particles are factors in determining e‐ratio, suggesting that current empirical algorithms for e‐ratio that only consider temperature are overly simple. We quantify the temporal lag between PP and export, which is greatest in regions of strong variability in PP where seasonal decoupling can result in large e‐ratio variability. Extrapolating global export estimates from instantaneous measurements of e‐ratio is strongly affected by seasonal variability and can result in errors in estimated export of up to ±60%.
Abnormal acoustic wave velocities in basaltic and (Fe,Al)‐bearing silicate glasses at high pressures
Authors: Liu Jin , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe have measured acoustic VP and VS velocities of (Fe,Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 silicate glasses and an Icelandic basalt glass up to 25 GPa. The velocity profiles of the (Fe,Al)‐bearing and basaltic silicate glasses display decreased VP and VS with minima at approximately 5 and 2 GPa, respectively, which could be explained by the mode softening in the aluminosilicate networks. Our results represent the first observation of such velocity softening extending into the chemically complex basaltic glass at a relatively low transition pressure, which is likely due to its degree of polymerization, while the Fe and Al substitutions reduce sound velocities in MgSiO3 glass. If the velocity softening in the basaltic and silicate glasses can be used as analogs for understanding melts in Earth's interior, these observations suggest that the melt fraction needed to account for the velocity reduction in the upper mantle low‐velocity zone may be smaller than previously thought.
Greenland ice sheet annual motion insensitive to spatial variations in subglacial hydraulic structure
Authors: Tedstone A. J. , Nienow P. W. , Gourmelen N. , Sole A. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present ice velocities observed with global positioning systems and TerraSAR‐X/TanDEM‐X in a land‐terminating region of the southwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during the melt year 2012–2013, to examine the spatial pattern of seasonal and annual ice motion. We find that while spatial variability in the configuration of the subglacial drainage system controls ice motion at short timescales, this configuration has negligible impact on the spatial pattern of the proportion of annual motion which occurs during summer. While absolute annual velocities vary substantially, the proportional contribution of summer motion to annual motion does not. These observations suggest that in land‐terminating margins of the GrIS, subglacial hydrology does not significantly influence spatial variations in net summer speedup. Furthermore, our findings imply that not every feature of the subglacial drainage system needs to be resolved in ice sheet models.
A climatology of planetary wave‐driven mesospheric inversion layers in the extratropical winter
Authors: France J. A. , Harvey V. L. , Randall C. E. , Collins R. L. , Smith A. K. , Peck E. D. , Fang X. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMesospheric inversion layers (MILs) are a useful diagnostic to simultaneously investigate middle atmosphere radiation, chemistry, and dynamics in high‐top general circulation models. Climatologies of long‐lived extratropical winter MILs observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite instruments are compared to MILs in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). In general, MIL location, amplitude, and thickness statistics in WACCM are in good agreement with the observations, though WACCM middle‐ and high‐latitude winter MILs occur 30%–50% more often than in MLS and SABER. This work suggests that planetary wave‐driven MILs may form as high as 90 km. In the winter, MILs display a wave‐1 pattern in both hemispheres, forming most often over the region where the climatological winter stratospheric anticyclones occur. These MILs are driven by the decay of vertically propagating planetary waves in the mesospheric surf zone in both observations and in the model. At the base of polar inversions there is climatological local ascent and cooling situated atop the stratospheric anticyclones, which enhances the cold base of the MILs near 60 km and 120°E longitude.
Modeling atmospheric longwave radiation at the surface during overcast skies: The role of cloud base height
Authors: Viúdez‐Mora A. , Costa‐Surós M. , Calbó J. , González J. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe behavior of the atmospheric downward longwave radiation at the surface under overcast conditions is studied. For optically thick clouds, longwave radiation depends greatly on the cloud base height (CBH), besides temperature and water vapor profiles. The CBH determines the cloud emission temperature and the air layers contributing to the longwave radiation that reaches the surface. Overcast situations observed at Girona (NE Iberian Peninsula) were studied by using a radiative transfer model. The data set includes different seasons, and a large range of CBH (0–5000 m). The atmosphere profiles were taken from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast analysis. The CBH was determined from ceilometer measurements and also estimated by using a suitable method applied to the vertical profile of relative humidity. The agreement between calculations and pyrgeometer measurements is remarkably good (1.6 ± 6.2 W m−2) if the observed CBH is used; poorer results are obtained with the estimated CBH (4.3 ± 7.0 W m−2). These results are better than those obtained from a simple parameterization based upon ground‐level data (1.1 ± 11.6 W m−2), which can be corrected by adding a term that takes into account the CBH (−0.1 ± 7.3 W m−2). At this site, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) at the surface lies in the range 50–80 W m−2, has a clear seasonal behavior (higher CRE in winter), and depends upon the CBH. For the cold and the warm seasons, CRE decreases with CBH at a rate of −5 and −4 W m−2/km, respectively. Results obtained for other climates (subarctic and tropical) are also presented.
Effects of the Hawaiian Islands on the vertical structure of low‐level clouds from CALIPSO lidar
Authors: Liu Jing‐Wu , Xie Shang‐Ping , Zhang Su‐Ping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe steady northeast trade winds impinge on the Hawaiian Islands, producing prominent island wakes of multispatial scales from tens to thousands of kilometers. Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) reveal rich three‐dimensional structures of low‐level clouds that are induced by the islands, distinct from the background environment. The cloud frequency peaks between 1.5 and 2.0 km in cloud top elevation over the windward slopes of the islands of Kauai and Oahu due to orographic lifting and daytime island heating. In the nighttime near‐island wake of Kauai, CALIPSO captures a striking cloud hole below 1.6 km as the cold advection from the island suppresses low‐level clouds. The cyclonic eddy of the mechanical wake behind the island of Hawaii favors the formation of low‐level clouds (below 2.5 km), and the anticyclonic eddy suppresses the low‐level cloud formation, indicative of the dynamical effect on the vertical structure of low‐level clouds. In the long Hawaiian wake due to air‐sea interaction, low‐level clouds form over both the warmer and colder waters, but the cloud tops are 400–600 m higher over the warm than the cold waters. In addition, the day‐night differences and the sensitivity of low‐level clouds to the background trade wind inversion height are also studied.
Serial Block Face‐Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Method to Study Retinal Degenerative Phenotypes
Authors: Mustafi Debarshi , Kikano Sandra , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRetinal degenerative conditions can vary in their clinical features and often present with subtle phenotypic features before the onset of clinically overt disease. To capture these isolated events that precipitate disease, large representative areas of the retina must be imaged at high resolution. Compared to light microscopic methods, traditional electron microscopy can provide images at sufficient resolution to detect subtle pathologic changes in the retina, but are limited to the area being surveyed. The advent of serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) provides the resolution needed with the unprecedented advantage of imaging large volumes of retinal tissue. Furthermore, automation of SBF‐SEM bypasses errors from manual sectioning and can produce reliable serial sections as thin as 25 nanometers. Moreover, the three‐dimensional structures generated can highlight cellular connectivity and interactions in the retina and reveal pathological changes. Using SBF‐SEM, we have identified subtle phenotypic features in mouse models of various human retinal dystrophies. This method will allow researchers to identify and monitor the time course of these pathologies. This article provides details on SBF‐SEM methodology and its application to mouse models of retinal degeneration. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
G‐protein–coupled receptor 137 accelerates proliferation of urinary bladder cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Du Yiheng , Bi Wenhuan , Zhang Fei , Wu Wenbo , Xia Shujie , Liu Haitao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUrinary bladder cancer is a worldwide concern because of its level of incidence and recurrence. To search an effective therapeutic strategy for urinary bladder cancer, it is important to identify proteins involved in tumorigenesis that could serve as potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. G‐protein–coupled receptors (GPRs) constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate signal transduction pathways and cellular responses inside the cell. GPR137 is a newly discovered human gene encoding orphan GPRs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological role of GPR137 in urinary bladder cancer. The effect of GPR137 on cell growth was examined via an RNA interference (RNAi) lentivirus system in two human urinary bladder cancer cell lines BT5637 and T24. Lentivirus‐mediated RNAi could specifically suppressed GPR137 expression in vitro, resulting in alleviated cell viability and impaired colony formation, as well as blocks G0/G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. These results suggested GPR137 as an essential player in urinary bladder cancer cell growth, and it may serve as a potential target for gene therapy in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer.
Micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of lacidipine in tablet form; application to content uniformity testing
Authors: Belal F. , Sharaf EL‐Din M. , Tolba M. M. , Alaa H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of lacidipine (LCP) in tablets. The proposed method is based on the investigation of the fluorescence spectral behavior of LCP in both sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the tween‐80 micellar system. In aqueous solutions of acetate buffer (pH 4.5), the fluorescence intensities of LCP were greatly enhanced (ca. 2.4 and 4.3 folds) in the presence of either SDS or tween‐80, respectively. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 444 nm after excitation at 277 nm using either SDS or tween‐80 as a surfactant. The fluorescence–concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges of 50.0–500.0 ng/ml and 5.0–200.0 ng/ml with lower detection limits of 5.11 and 2.06 ng/ml and lower quantification limits of 17 and 6.87 ng/ml using SDS and tween‐80, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of LCP in commercial tablets and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the comparison method. Furthermore, content uniformity testing of pharmaceutical tablets was also conducted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Components and Bioelectronic Interfaces of Water Splitting Photoelectrodes for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Braun Artur , Boudoire Florent , Bora Debajeet K. , Faccio Greta , Hu Yelin , Kroll Alexandra , Mun Bongjin S. , Wilson Samuel T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis (AP) is inspired by photosynthesis in nature. In AP, solar hydrogen can be produced by water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). The necessary photoelectrodes are inorganic semiconductors. Light‐harvesting proteins and biocatalysts can be coupled with these photoelectrodes and thus form bioelectronic interfaces. We expand this concept toward PEC devices with vital bio‐organic components and interfaces, and their integration into the built environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Halogen (Cl, Br) on the Symmetry of Flexible Perovskite‐Related Framework.
Authors: Bai Chunyan , Yu Hongwei , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying , Wu Hongping , Yang Zhihua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOn the basis of the combination of B6O13 groups and XM6 (X: Cl, Br; M: Na, Rb) octahedra, Na3B6O10Cl (I), RbNa2B6O10Cl (II), and RbNa2B6O10Br (III) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Na2CO3, Rb2CO3, NaCl, NaBr, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 650—700 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Sr‐Poor Part of the Sr—{Pd,Pt}—{Si,Ge} Systems: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure of Ternary Phases.
Authors: Romaka V. V. , Falmbigl M. , Grytsiv A. , Rogl P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhase relations are established by powder XRD and EPMA for the Sr‐poor part of four ternary systems: Sr‐{Pd,Pt}‐Si at 900 °C and Sr‐{Pd,Pt}‐Ge at 700 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Rigid Chiral Bicyclic Skeleton‐Tethered Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxide as Organocatalyst: Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Gnanamani Elumalai , Someshwar Nagamalla , Sanjeevi Jayakumar , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new conformationally rigid chiral bipyridine N,N′‐dioxide derivative is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Debromination of gem‐Bromonitroalkanes under Mild Conditions in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Acurcio Rita C. , Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe preparation of nitrosugars such as (VII) and (IX) proceeds diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ru‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Homopropargylic Amines from Alkyl Azides under Photolytic Conditions.
Authors: Jeong Wook , Lee Ji Hyung , Kim Jungjoon , Lee Won Jong , Seong Ju‐Hwa , Park Jaiwook , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSynthesis of title compounds is developed, and their versatility is demonstrated by the example of the synthesis of 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐hydroxypiperidine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Facile Method for Regio‐ and Stereoselective Bromoformyloxylation and Bromoacetoxylation of Olefins Using NH4Br and Oxone®.
Authors: Naresh Mameda , Swamy Peraka , Kumar Macharla Arun , Reddy Marri Mahender , Srujana Kodumuri , Narender Nama 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA mild and efficient protocol is presented for the synthesis of bromoformates and bromoacetates from various olefins using the corresponding N,N‐dimethylamides as nucleophile sources.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient and Inexpensive Palladium‐Salen Complex for Room Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Dewan Anindita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA simple and efficient catalytic system based on Pd salen complex for the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of various aryl bromides (II) with aryl boronic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solvent‐Free Reaction Between Acetophenone Oximes and Epoxy Styrenes: An Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Mahernia Shabnam , Adib Mehdi , Mahdavi Mohammad , Nosrati Meisam 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title reaction is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity, high yields and readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Strategy for the Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl‐Fused Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes via Radical‐Mediated Cascade Cyclization.
Authors: Malinakova Helena C. , Raikar Sandeep N. , McCormick Lucas F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhenylidene (IVa) gives exclusively the (Z)‐diastereoisomer, whereas electron rich groups in the arylidene substituent [e.g. (IVb)] afford product mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Biologically Important Sulfonylmethyl Pyrimidines.
Authors: Blades Kevin , Demeritt Julie , Fillery Shaun , Foote Kevin M. , Greenwood Ryan , Gregson Clare , Hassall Lorraine A. , McGuire Thomas M. , Pike Kurt G. , Williams Emma 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo novel strategies for the synthesis of sulfonylmethyl pyrimidines are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Coumarin‐Bearing 2,3‐Dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinone Derivatives Using a Piperidine and Molecular Iodine Dual‐Catalyst System.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid , Zhu Long‐Guan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe isopropyl and tert‐butyl‐substituted analogues of (II), methyl pivaloylacetate and methyl isobutyrylacetate, fail to form the corresponding quinazoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Neutral α‐Sulfenylation of Secondary Amines: Ring‐Fused N,S‐Acetals.
Authors: Jarvis Claire L. , Richers Matthew T. , Breugst Martin , Houk K. N. , Seidel Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSecondary amines react with thiosalicylaldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of acetic acid to generate ring‐fused N,S‐acetals in redox‐neutral fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanol‐Promoted Borylation of Arylamines: A Simple and Green Synthetic Method to Arylboronic Acids and Arylboronates.
Authors: Zhao Cong‐Jun , Xue Dong , Jia Zhi‐Hui , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe method is applicable to the borylation of arylamines equipped with a large variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Myrrhanolide D (I) and Myrrhasin A (II), New Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Resin of Commiphora opobalsamum
Authors: Shen Tao , Li Guo‐Hui , Zhong Qing‐Qing , Wang Shu‐Qi , Ren Dong‐Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Ning 
Published: December 2014

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activities
ChemInform Abstract: Chloranthones A—D: Minor and Unprecedented Dinor‐Eudesmenes from Chloranthus elatior.
Authors: Liu Shu‐Ting , Xiong Juan , Tang Yu , Wang Wen‐Xuan , Bui Van‐Binh , Ma Guang‐Lei , Huang Ya , Zhao Yun , Yang Guo‐Xun , Hu Jin‐Feng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFour new diastereomers of dinor‐eudesmenes, named chloranthones A‐D (Ia)‐(Id), are isolated as minor components from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Chloranthus elatior.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Mannopyranosides of Indole Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum.
Authors: Hu Jiang , Shi Xiaodong , Mao Xia , Chen Jiangang , Li Hui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree new mannopyranosides of indole alkaloids (Ia)‐(Ic) are isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Garcinia polyantha.
Authors: Meli Lannang Alain , Tatsimo Simplice J. N. , Fouotsa Hugues , Dzoyem Jean Paul , Saxena Ajit Kumar , Sewald Norbert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe new compound banganxanthone C (I) is isolated from the leaves of Garcinia polyantha together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Fractal Germanium Patterns: Annealing Strategies and Perspectives of Metal‐Induced Crystallization
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Pan Dengyu , Li Zhen , Jiao Zheng , Wu Minghong , Shek Chan‐Hung , Wu C. M. Lawrence , Lai Joseph K. L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Expansion in C2/C Pyroxenes: A Review and New High‐Temperature Structural Data for a Pyroxene of Composition (Na0.53Ca0.47) (Al0.53Fe0.47)Si2O6 (Jd53Hd47)
Authors: Tribaudino M. , Mantovani L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Chemical and Biological Properties of Trifluoromethylated Pyrimidin‐2‐ones(thiones) and Their Fused Analogues
Authors: Shoba Veronika M. , Tkachuk Viktor M. , Sukach Volodymyr A. , Vovk Mykhailo V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 113 refs.
Reactivity of Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles – Differences Between Nonfunctionalized and Pyridyl‐Substituted 2,4,6‐Triarylphosphinines
Authors: Pfeifer Gregor , Ribagnac Philippe , Le Goff Xavier‐Frédéric , Wiecko Jelena , Mézailles Nicolas , Müller Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDetailed studies on the reactivity of 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐4,6‐diphenylphosphinine (2) towards CF3SO3H and sulfur have been performed, and the results were compared with those for nonfunctionalized 2,4,6‐triphenylphosphinine derivatives. Substantial differences between these heterocycles were observed, and the reaction products could be characterized crystallographically. The reactions of 2,4,6‐triarylphosphinine sulfides with methanol led to different products, which could be characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Interestingly, the outcomes of these transformations strongly depend on the presence of an additional donor functionality within the phosphorus heterocycle as well as the nature of the solvent and the reaction temperature. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the different reaction pathways.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3‐ and 1,2‐Tocopheryl Glyceride Ethers of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Choi Bo Seul , Choi Jeongae , Bak Seonyoung , Koo Sangho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA regioselective synthetic method with which to access 1,3‐tocopheryl glyceride ethers 2 of diverse carboxylic acids was developed through Bu4NBr‐catalyzed ring‐opening of tocopheryl glycidyl ether 1. Steglich esterification of the 1,3‐tocopheryl acetyl‐glyceride ether 2a with various carboxylic acids, followed by selective deprotection of 3‐acetate by LiEt3BH reduction at –78 °C constitutes a regioselective synthetic method of 1,2‐tocopheryl glyceride ethers 4. An example of the differing self‐assembled behavior of phosphorylcholine derivatives 6c and 7c of 1,3‐ and 1,2‐tocopheryl stearoyl‐glyceride ethers in aqueous solution is also described.