bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current state of demographic reproduction in Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Atambaeva R M , Mingazova E N 
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the changes of reproductive and demographic characteristics and socio-economic indicators of the Kyrgyz Republic, determining the major trends of these changes.
Methods. Social-hygienic, statistical and analytical methods were used. The changes of the main social, demographic and reproductive indicators of the Kyrgyz Republic for the period of 2007-2011 were studied.
Results. The main reproductive and demographic trends and the changes of the socio-economic indicators: significant number of residents were still poor and extremely poor (almost half the population); women prevailed among the unemployed - nearly one in ten females was unemployed, in young women (under 28 years) - one in seven; the population increased due to the birth rates being higher than the death rates with a negative balance of external migration, natural population increase was - 21 persons per 1,000; the fertility rate increased from 2.7 to 3.1; family with average number of children became more common compared to large families; the number of births by unmarried women and young women aged 15-19 increased; maternal and infant mortality rates decreased, while maintaining high rates (2 times or more above the European standard), increased number of abortions in the country, including abortions in 15-19 years old girls, and others.
Conclusion. Changes in reproductive and demographic processes in the Kyrgyz Republic can be seen as a consequence of a significant drop in living standards of the Kyrgyzstan population; a significant number of negative trends that were revealed is the basis for a detailed study of the causes and factors determining them, followed by a scientific substantiation of programs on reproductive health of the Kyrgyz Republic population.
Developing mathematical models for cardiovascular system functional assessments
Authors: Rzaev E A , Rasulov S R , Rzaev A G 
Published: August 2015

Aim. Development of mathematical models of circulation (considering anomaly in hemorheology) allowing to diagnose functional condition of vessels/cardiovascular system.
Methods. Echocardiography, mathematical modeling, sedimentation and rheology laws, human mechanics and physiology methods were used for developing mathematical models.
Results. The following mathematical models were obtained: for determination of colloid dispersive blood system viscosity, considering concentration of dispersive phase (blood cells) and blood structure formation; velocity of inconvenient blood cells sedimentation depending on flow velocity of sediment and cell concentration; parameters of blood elasticity and viscosity as a connection between the velocity change and blood viscosity, Young`s elasticity and change tension; blood filtration in vessels (modified form of Darcy`s law) considering tension and changes of destroyed and undestroyed colloid blood system structure velocity. It was shown that impairments of blood flow velocity leads to blood cells sedimentation and thrombus structure formation, which is not moving according to Newton’s law. New indicators for diagnosing functional condition of vessels and estimating the severity of vascular insufficiency are introduced.
Conclusion. Developed hemorheologic models allow to adequately estimate human cardiovascular bloodflow.
Emerging Technologies Research in Accounting: JETA's First Decade
Authors: Muehlmann Brigitte W. , Chiu Victoria , Liu Qi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
The Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting (JETA), an American Accounting Association journal, reached its ten-year milestone in 2013. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric and comparative analysis of the 66 main research articles and citations of the contributions, which were published from 2004 to 2013. The analysis of the characteristics of the articles comprises the research methodologies and accounting areas as used in the Brigham Young University Accounting Research Rankings, novel classifications based on an expansion of the Brown and Vasarhelyi (1994) accounting research taxonomy, and the AACSB A7 data terms, artificial intelligence, contributing authors, and institutions. The citation analysis reports and compares scholarly and patent results. Some major differences between the citations in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus came to light.
Tibial cartilage volume measurement in knee osteoarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Vanichtantikul Varalee , Hongvilai Sarit , Numkarunarunrote Numphung 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Cartilage degeneration is considered as the initial defect in osteoarthritis. Measurement of cartilage volume is important to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response.

Objectives
To measure tibial cartilage volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to evaluate the accuracy and interobserver reliability of tibial cartilage volume measurement using MRI.

Methods
The outline boundaries of the medial and lateral tibial cartilage were drawn manually on 1 mm slices using a track-ball to calculate the volume of each slice. Total calculated MRI-derived tibial cartilage volume was determined by summation of the slice volumes. The calculated tibial cartilage volume was compared to the actual tibial cartilage volume.

Results
There was a strong correlation between the calculated and actual tibial cartilage volumes determined by a radiologist and a researcher (98% and 89% agreement in medial tibial cartilage, 99% and 97% agreement in lateral tibial cartilage, respectively). High observer reliability was identified (92% agreement in medial tibial cartilage and 97% agreement in lateral tibial cartilage).

Conclusion
Tibial cartilage volume measurement using MRI can be easily performed by well-trained personnel such as radiologists or residents, and can be used to estimate tibial cartilage volume preoperatively in total knee arthroplasty, and to monitor disease progression and response to therapy.
Švenčionių aukštumos paviršių sudarančių glacialinių nuogulų karbonatingumo tyrimas
Authors: Rudnickaitė Eugenija , Slauto Leonid , Guobytė Rimantė 
Published: August 2015

Straipsnyje pateikiami pietinėje Švenčionių aukštumos dalyje ir Dysnos lygu­moje kompleksinėms aukštumos paviršių sudarančioms glacialinėms nuoguloms ištirti Lietuvos geologijos tarnybos 2014 m. penkiose orografiškai ir geomorfologiškai skirtingose paviršiaus vietose išgręžtų sekliųjų (25–28 m gylio) kartografinių gręžinių kerno moreninių nuogulų karbonatingumo tyrimai. Šiame tyrime taikyta karbonatingumo nustatymo metodika skiriasi nuo kitų karbonatingumo tyrimui taikomų metodų tuo, kad galima nustatyti ne tik bendrą karbonatų kiekį, bet ir atskirų karbonatų klasės mineralų kiekius. Mes nustatėme mineralų kalcito ir dolomito kiekius. Dolomito kiekis nuogulose yra svarbus rodiklis įvairaus amžiaus morenoms atskirti. Jis priklauso nuo to, iš kur slinko ledynas ir kokias uolienas ardė. Pagal dolomito ir kalcito kiekį galima atskirti paskutiniojo ledynmečio glacialines nuogulas nuo senesnių, Medininkų ir Žemaitijos apledėjimų. Paskutiniojo apledėjimo glacialinėse nuogulose ankstesnių tyrimų metu daugeliu atvejų nustatytas mažesnis dolomito ir kalcito santykis nei Medininkų ar Žemaitijos moreninėse nuogulose (Rudnickaitė, 1983; 2013). Pagal dolomito ir kalcito santykį, taikant statistinius metodus, patikrintas moreninių nuogulų sluoksnių homogeniškumas tiek atskirų gręžinių vertikaliuose pjūviuose, tiek skirtinguose gręžiniuose. Kadangi mėginių, paimtų iš lygina­mųjų skirs­tinių – moreninių nuogulų sluoksnių, skaičius yra skirtingas, korektiškam statistiniam įvertinimui geriausiai tinka Van der Varden (<i>Waerden</i>) kri­te­rijus (Rudnickaitė, 2008; 2013). Rezultatas gaunamas naudojant <i>SAS</i> pro­gramą (Levulienė, 2009).
Subpacket structures in EMIC rising tone emissions observed by the THEMIS probes
Authors: Nakamura Satoko , Omura Yoshiharu , Shoji Masafumi , Nosé Masahito , Summers Danny , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report subpacket structures found in electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) rising tone emissions observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes. We investigate three typical cases in detail. The first case shows a continuous single rising tone with four obvious subpackets, and the second case is characterized by a patchy emission with multiple subpackets triggered in a broadband frequency. The third case looks like a smooth rising tone without any obvious subpacket in the fast Fourier transform spectrum, while its amplitude contains small peaks with increasing frequencies. The degree of polarization of each subpacket is generally higher than 0.8 with a left‐handed polarization, and the wave direction of the subpackets is typically field aligned. We show that the time evolution of the observed frequency and amplitude can be reproduced consistently by nonlinear growth theory. We also compare the observed time span of each subpacket structure with the theoretical trapping time for second‐order cyclotron resonance. They are consistent, indicating that an individual subpacket is generated through a nonlinear wave growth process which excites an element in accordance with the theoretically predicted optimum amplitude.
Influence of cratonic lithosphere on the formation and evolution of flat slabs: Insights from 3‐D time‐dependent modeling
Authors: Taramón Jorge M. , Rodríguez‐González Juan , Negredo Ana M. , Billen Magali I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral mechanisms have been suggested for the formation of flat slabs including buoyant features on the subducting plate, trenchward motion and thermal or cratonic structure of the overriding plate. Analysis of episodes of flat subduction indicate that not all flat slabs can be attributed to only one of these mechanisms and it is likely that multiple mechanisms work together to create the necessary conditions for flat slab subduction. In this study we examine the role of localized regions of cratonic lithosphere in the overriding plate in the formation and evolution of flat slabs. We explicitly build on previous models, by using time‐dependent simulations with three‐dimensional variation in overriding plate structure. We find that there are two modes of flat subduction: permanent underplating occurs when the slab is more buoyant (shorter or younger), while transient flattening occurs when there is more negative buoyancy (longer or older slabs). Our models show how regions of the slab adjacent to the subcratonic flat portion continue to pull the slab into the mantle leading to highly contorted slab shapes with apparent slab gaps beneath the craton. These results show how the interpretation of seismic images of subduction zones can be complicated by the occurrence of either permanent or transient flattening of the slab, and how the signature of a recent flat slab episode may persist as the slab resumes normal subduction. Our models suggest that permanent underplating of slabs may preferentially occur below thick and cold lithosphere providing a built‐in mechanism for regeneration of cratons.
Flow‐Synthesis of Nucleosides Catalyzed by an Immobilized Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila: Integrated Systems of Reaction Control and Product Purification
Authors: Calleri Enrica , Cattaneo Giulia , Rabuffetti Marco , Serra Immacolata , Bavaro Teodora , Massolini Gabriella , Speranza Giovanna , Ubiali Daniela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophyla (AhPNP) was covalently immobilized in a pre‐packed stainless steel column containing aminopropylsilica particles via Schiff base chemistry upon glutaraldehyde activation. The resulting AhPNP‐IMER (Immobilized Enzyme Reactor, immobilization yield ≈50%) was coupled on‐line through a 6‐way switching valve to an HPLC apparatus containing an analytical or a semi‐preparative chromatographic column. The synthesis of five 6‐modified purine ribonucleosides was carried out by continuously pumping the reaction mixture through the AhPNP‐IMER until the highest conversion was reached, and then directing the reaction mixture to chromatographic separation. The conditions of the AhPNP‐catalyzed transglycosylations (2:1 ratio sugar donor:base acceptor; 10 mM phosphate buffer; pH 7.5; temperature 37 °C, flow rate 0.5 mL min−1) were optimized by a fractional factorial experimental design. Coupling the bioconversion step with the product purification in such an integrated platform resulted in a fast and efficient synthetic process (yield=52–89%; <10 mg) where sample handling was minimized. To date, AhPNP‐IMER has retained completely its activity upon 50 reactions in 10 months.magnified image
Self‐Assembled Fluorodendrimers Combine the Features of Lipid and Polymeric Vectors in Gene Delivery
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Yitong , Wang Yu , Hu Jingjing , Li Tianfu , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn ideal vector in gene therapy should exhibit high serum stability, excellent biocompatibility, a desired transfection efficacy and permeability into targeted tissues. Here, we describe a class of low‐molecular‐weight fluorodendrimers for efficient gene delivery. These materials self‐assemble into uniform nanospheres and allow for efficient transfection at low charge ratios and very low DNA doses with minimal cytotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that these vectors combine the features of synthetic gene vectors such as liposomes and cationic polymers and present promising potential for clinical gene therapy.
Preparation and characterization of waterborne polyurethane containing PET waste/PPG as soft segment
Authors: Fang Changqing , Lei Wanqing , Zhou Xing , Yu Qian , Cheng Youliang 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSoft drinks poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles were depolymerized by glycolysis using a 1 : 3 molar ratio of PET repeating unit to glycols like neopentyl glycol (NPG) and dipropylene glycol (DPG). Further, a series of waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) was synthesized using pure polypropylene glycol (PPG), and glycolyzed oligoesters/PPG blends in different molar ratios as soft segment. Thermal property of WPU was tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, viscosity and particle size of WPU were also investigated. The results show that introduction of a certain amount of glycolyzed oligoester to soft segment makes the degree of hard‐soft domain microphase separation smaller, and can also improve thermal stability of WPU. Furthermore, WPUs synthesised from glycolyzed oligoesters and PPG blends possess larger particle size, better particle size distribution, relative lower and more stable viscosity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42757.
Are changing diver characteristics important for coral reef conservation?
Authors: Augustine Skye , Dearden Philip , Rollins Rick 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Scuba (self ‐ contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving can act as an incentive ‐ based conservation mechanism and protect reefs by funding conservation and replacing more consumptive uses. However, diving must be sustainable.
One challenge to sustainability is changing reef conditions and diving clientele over time. This paper examines these changes with respect to diving on the Andaman coast of Thailand using a Wildlife Tourism Model.
In 2012 a questionnaire was administered to 591 scuba divers and compared with 506 questionnaires collected in 2000. Findings include:

the 2012 industry has a higher proportion of low and medium specialization visitors that have lower expectations and lower overall satisfaction, yet remain willing to return;
the average per capita economic contribution of divers to the local economy and to dive companies declined by more than 30% by 2012;
Andaman coast diving continued to grow in 2012, dominated by mass ‐ market tourism that had diversified into several niches;
the results verify the use of the Wildlife Tourism Model as a tool to understand industry sustainability, and suggest further development of the model to capture the extension into specific, niche markets.

Changes to diver characteristics in 2012 restrict the ability of diving to fund conservation, provide alternative livelihoods, support environmental choices by operators, and control dive pressure exerted on reefs.
Results suggest the operationalization of Limits of Acceptable Change by both managers and dive operators to grow the conservation value of diving.
The results of this study suggest that the Wildlife Tourism Model can be used to inform management choices in emerging dive destinations. For instance, creating spatial zones that target the tourist composition most appropriate to meet the conservation goals of each reef system.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting the cannabinergic control of behavior: The where matters
Authors: Busquets‐Garcia Arnau , Desprez Tifany , Metna‐Laurent Mathilde , Bellocchio Luigi , Marsicano Giovanni , Soria‐Gomez Edgar 
Published: August 2015

The endocannabinoid system is the target of the main psychoactive component of the plant Cannabis sativa, the Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This system is composed by the cannabinoid receptors, the endogenous ligands, and the enzymes involved in their metabolic processes, which works both centrally and peripherally to regulate a plethora of physiological functions. This review aims at explaining how the site‐specific actions of the endocannabinoid system impact on memory and feeding behavior through the cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R). Centrally, CB1R is widely distributed in many brain regions, different cell types (e.g. neuronal or glial cells) and intracellular compartments (e.g. mitochondria). Interestingly, cellular and molecular effects are differentially mediated by CB1R according to their cell‐type localization (e.g. glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons). Thus, understanding the cellular and subcellular function of CB1R will provide new insights and aid the design of new compounds in cannabinoid‐based medicine.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Study on the interaction between pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and bovine serum albumin using spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy and molecular modeling techniques
Authors: Li Shu , Tang Lin , Bi Hongna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the binding behavior between pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (P3G) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using multi‐spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular docking methods under physiological conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved fluorescence showed that the fluorescence of BSA could be quenched remarkably by P3G via a static quenching mechanism, and there is a single class of binding site on BSA. In addition, the thermodynamic functions ΔH and ΔS were –21.69 kJ/mol and 24.46 J/mol/K, indicating that an electrostatic interaction was a main acting force. The distance between BSA and P3G was 2.74 nm according to Förster's theory, illustrating that energy transfer occurred. In addition, the secondary structure of BSA changed with a decrease in the α‐helix content from 66.2% to 64.0% as seen using synchronous fluorescence, UV/vis, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, whereas TEM images showed that P3G led to BSA aggregation and fibrillation. Furthermore, site marker competitive experiments and molecular docking indicated that P3G could bind with subdomain IIA of BSA. The calculated results of the equilibrium fraction showed that the concentration of free P3G in plasma was high enough to be stored and transported from the circulatory system to its target sites to provide therapeutic effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation for kLa Prediction of Airlift Loop Reactors Including the Gas Phase Residence Time Effect
Authors: Mießner Ulrich , Kück Ulf D. , Dujardin Viviane , Heithoff Susanne , Räbiger Norbert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractExperimental mass transfer data and literature data of airlift loop reactors are analyzed concerning the effect of the gas phase residence time on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa. It becomes evident that a neglect of the oxygen depletion can be regarded as a diminishment of the mass transfer driving force. The latter is found to be an important cause of the mass transfer dependency on the actual apparatus height of airlift loop reactors. Therefore, a new correlation is presented that describes the volumetric mass transfer coefficients of airlift loop reactors by including the effect of gas phase transient component concentration depletion.
Reforming of Methane in a Multistage Microstructured Reactor
Authors: Pennemann Helmut , Bellinghausen Rainer , Westermann Thomas , Mleczko Leslaw 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe concept of a multistage microstructured (MM) reactor was tested in the bench‐scale rig for combined steam and CO2 reforming of methane (RM). In this reactor type, the RM reaction is carried out in a series of adiabatic catalytic reaction steps with heat supply through fin‐plate heat exchangers placed between the stages. The RM reaction was performed over a rhodium‐based catalyst in the form of pellets. The experimental results were described with a reaction engineering model that can be used as the basis for model‐supported scale‐up. This paper describes an intermediate step in the development of the integrated reactor for thermal integration of oxidative coupling of methane and RM. Conversion and yield near thermodynamic equilibrium were achieved. Experiments confirmed the advantages of the MM reactor over wall‐coated microreactors.
In Situ X‐ray Visualization of the Lithiation Process in a Porous Graphite Electrode in an Operating Li‐Ion Cell
Authors: Tsushima Shohji , Hung Weihao , Deevanhxay Phengxay , Kobayashi Genki , Kanno Ryoji , Hirai Shuichiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn in situ X‐ray radiography technique to observe an operating Li‐ion cell was developed. Transient behaviors of lithiation processes in a porous graphite electrode were visualized in a specifically designed Li‐ion cell consisting of a lithium‐metal electrode and a graphite electrode, using a transmission X‐ray microscope with high spatial and temporal resolution. X‐ray attenuation profiles in both 15 and 30 μm thick graphite electrodes under discharge (lithiation) at the 2 C rate were compared. X‐ray attenuation was pronounced near the separator in the thicker graphite electrode during the lithiation process, whereas less variation was observed near the current collector in the electrode. These X‐ray observations indicate less utilization of the thicker graphite electrode, presumably because of the longer Li‐ion transport path and formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer in the porous electrode, resulting in less discharge capacity of the Li‐ion cell.