bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of self, mother and family and behavior of prepubertal depressed children
Authors: Brand-Gothelf A. , Yoeli-Bligh N. , Gilboa-Schechtman E. , Benaroya-Milshtein N. , Apter A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurpose:To characterize the perceptions of self, mother and family of prepubertal children and to determine if the perceptions of children with depression and their behavior towards their mothers are different from children with anxiety disorders and nonpsychiatric controls.Methods:Children (aged 7–13 years) with major depressive disorder (n = 30), anxiety disorders (n = 37) and nonpsychiatric controls (n = 32) underwent structured psychiatric evaluations and completed questionnaires on their perceptions of themselves and their relations with their mothers and families. The child–mother dyad was observed during structured interactions.Results:Self-perceptions of depressed children were significantly more negative than those of children with anxiety and controls. Depression severity negatively correlated with the child's self-perception and positively correlated with perceptions of the mother as being more rejecting, controlling, less accepting and less allowing autonomy, and of the family as being less cohesive. Depression severity was also positively associated with the child's hostile attitude towards the mother during the interactions.Conclusion:Our findings of greater negative perceptions of self, mother and family in depressed children compared to children with anxiety disorders and nonpsychiatric children suggest that approaches specifically addressing negative perceptions and targeting familial relationships could be especially effective for treating young children with depression.
Polyols accumulated in ribose‐5‐phosphate isomerase deficiency increase mitochondrial superoxide production and improve antioxidant defenses in rats' prefrontal cortex
Authors: Stone V. , Kudo K.Y. , August P.M. , Marcelino T.B. , Matté C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ribose‐5‐phosphate isomerase deficiency is an inherited condition, which results in cerebral d‐arabitol and ribitol accumulation. Patients present leukoencephalopathy, mental retardation, and psychomotor impairment. Considering that the pathophysiology of this disorder is still unclear, and literature are sparse and contradictory, reporting pro and antioxidant activities of polyols, the main objective of this study was to investigate some parameters of oxidative homeostasis of prefrontal cortex of rats incubated with d‐arabitol and ribitol. We found evidences that ribitol promoted an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), probably secondary to enhanced production of superoxide radical, measured by flow cytometry. Oxidation of proteins and lipids was not induced by polyols. Our data allow us to conclude that, at least in our methodological conditions, arabitol and ribitol probably have a secondary effect on the pathophysiology of ribose‐5‐phosphate isomerase deficiency.
Autism‐relevant social abnormalities in mice exposed perinatally to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Alsaeed Ibrahim , Al‐Somali Faisal , Sakhnini Lama , Aljarallah Omar S. , Hamdan Rayan M.M. , Bubishate Saleh A. , Sarfaraz Ziyab Khan , Kamal Amer 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rising, but the causes of ASD remain largely unidentified. Collective data have implicated the increased human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the increasing incidence of ASD. There are established biological effects of extremely low‐frequency (ELF) EMF, but the relation to ASD is not investigated enough. In this study we examined the effects of perinatal exposure to ELF EMF on some ASD‐relevant behavioral parameters in mice. The EMF was delivered via a Helmholtz coil pair. Male BALB/C mice were used and divided into exposed and control groups (n = 8 and n = 9, respectively). Tests were used to assess sociability, preference for social novelty, locomotion, anxiety, exploratory behavior, motor coordination, and olfaction. The examined mice were all males and exposed to EMF during the last week of gestation and for 7 days after delivery. The exposed mice demonstrated a lack of normal sociability and preference for social novelty while maintaining normal anxiety‐like behavior, locomotion, motor coordination, and olfaction. Exposed mice also demonstrated decreased exploratory activity. We concluded that these results are supportive of the hypothesis of a causal link between exposure to ELF–EMF and ASD; however, replications of the study with further tests are recommended.
Psychosocial care needs of the parents having children with epilepsy
Authors: Rajalakshmi Ramu , Lalitha Krishnasamy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Aim The present study aimed to assess the psychosocial care needs of parents having children with epilepsy.
Methods Descriptive research design was adapted and it was conducted in neurology OPD at NIMHANS, Bangalore. Fifty subjects that are parents having children with epilepsy were selected after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria through simple random sampling method. The study subjects were interviewed for socio demographic characteristics and psychosocial care needs using Socio Demographic Data Sheet and Parent Report Psychosocial Care Needs Scale (Austin et al 1998) respectively. ANOVA and t test, Frequency and mean percentage were used to identify the psychosocial care needs of the parents.
Results Majority of the parents received lesser information about seizure than they wanted and expressed strong need for information about epilepsy diagnostic procedures, treatment and management at home and school and they were not expressed much concern and fear towards causes and complications of the children's seizure. There were no significant associations seen between parent psychosocial care needs and their socio demographic characteristic but family history of epilepsy and number of drugs used by the children was associated significantly.
Conclusion The findings showed that majority of the study subjects received lesser information than they needed about epilepsy and not had much concern about the causes and the complications of epilepsy, but at the same time most of the parents expressed that they need information about the management of children's seizure.
Discrete-vortex method with novel shedding criterion for unsteady aerofoil flows with intermittent leading-edge vortex shedding
Authors: Ramesh Kiran , Gopalarathnam Ashok , Granlund Kenneth , Ol Michael V. , Edwards Jack R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnsteady aerofoil flows are often characterized by leading-edge vortex (LEV) shedding. While experiments and high-order computations have contributed to our understanding of these flows, fast low-order methods are needed for engineering tasks. Classical unsteady aerofoil theories are limited to small amplitudes and attached leading-edge flows. Discrete-vortex methods that model vortex shedding from leading edges assume continuous shedding, valid only for sharp leading edges, or shedding governed by ad-hoc criteria such as a critical angle of attack, valid only for a restricted set of kinematics. We present a criterion for intermittent vortex shedding from rounded leading edges that is governed by a maximum allowable leading-edge suction. We show that, when using unsteady thin aerofoil theory, this leading-edge suction parameter (LESP) is related to the $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}A_0$ term in the Fourier series representing the chordwise variation of bound vorticity. Furthermore, for any aerofoil and Reynolds number, there is a critical value of the LESP, which is independent of the motion kinematics. When the instantaneous LESP value exceeds the critical value, vortex shedding occurs at the leading edge. We have augmented a discrete-time, arbitrary-motion, unsteady thin aerofoil theory with discrete-vortex shedding from the leading edge governed by the instantaneous LESP. Thus, the use of a single empirical parameter, the critical-LESP value, allows us to determine the onset, growth, and termination of LEVs. We show, by comparison with experimental and computational results for several aerofoils, motions and Reynolds numbers, that this computationally inexpensive method is successful in predicting the complex flows and forces resulting from intermittent LEV shedding, thus validating the LESP concept.
Gene–environment interplay between parent–child relationship problems and externalizing disorders in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Samek D. R. , Hicks B. M. , Keyes M. A. , Bailey J. , McGue M. , Iacono W. G. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that genetic risk for externalizing (EXT) disorders is greater in the context of adverse family environments during adolescence, but it is unclear whether these effects are long lasting. The current study evaluated developmental changes in gene–environment interplay in the concurrent and prospective associations between parent–child relationship problems and EXT at ages 18 and 25 years.MethodThe sample included 1382 twin pairs (48% male) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, participating in assessments at ages 18 years (mean = 17.8, s.d. = 0.69 years) and 25 years (mean = 25.0, s.d. = 0.90 years). Perceptions of parent–child relationship problems were assessed using questionnaires. Structured interviews were used to assess symptoms of adult antisocial behavior and nicotine, alcohol and illicit drug dependence.ResultsWe detected a gene–environment interaction at age 18 years, such that the genetic influence on EXT was greater in the context of more parent–child relationship problems. This moderation effect was not present at age 25 years, nor did parent-relationship problems at age 18 years moderate genetic influence on EXT at age 25 years. Rather, common genetic influences accounted for this longitudinal association.ConclusionsGene–environment interaction evident in the relationship between adolescent parent–child relationship problems and EXT is both proximal and developmentally limited. Common genetic influence, rather than a gene–environment interaction, accounts for the long-term association between parent–child relationship problems at age 18 years and EXT at age 25 years. These results are consistent with a relatively pervasive importance of gene–environmental correlation in the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood.
High profile rape trials and policy advocacy
Authors: Coulter Kristine , Meyer David S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractActivists try to use high profile trials to advance their political agendas, and we want to understand why they occasionally succeed in promoting policy reforms. We begin by reviewing literature on agenda setting and social problem construction, conceptualising high profile trials as “focusing events” that offer activists a chance to advance their definitions and remedies for particular social problems. We next outline the feminist movement against sexual violence as a useful example of activists trying to use trials for their own political purposes. Using events data from theNew York Timesand the secondary treatment of 13 high profile trials from 1960 to 1997, we examine factors that help or hinder activists’ efforts to use a trial to forward their cause. We see that both the nature of the trial and the political context surrounding it affect the likelihood that a movement gains control of its meaning and secures policy reform.
Monodominance of Parashorea chinensis on fertile soils in a Chinese tropical rain forest
Authors: van der Velden Nic , Ferry Slik J. W. , Hu Yue-Hua , Lan Guoyu , Lin Luxian , Deng XiaoBao , Poorter Lourens 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Monodominance in the tropics is often seen as an unusual phenomenon due to the normally high diversity in tropical rain forests. Here we studied Parashorea chinensis H. Wang (Dipterocarpaceae) in a seasonal tropical forest in south-west China, to elucidate the mechanisms behind its monodominance. Twenty-eight 20 × 20-m plots were established in monodominant and mixed forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. All individuals ≥1 cm stem diameter and 16 soil variables were measured. Parashorea chinensis forest had a significantly higher mean tree dbh compared with mixed forest. Diversity did not differ significantly between the two forest types. However, within monodominant patches, all diversity indices decreased with an increase in P. chinensis dominance. Floristic composition of P. chinensis forest did differ significantly from the mixed forest. These differences were associated with more fertile soils (significantly higher pH, Mn, K and lower carbon pools and C:N ratio) in the P. chinensis forest than the mixed forest. In contrast to current paradigms, this monodominant species is not associated with infertile, but with fertile soils. Parashorea chinensis seems to be especially associated with high manganese concentrations which it can tolerate, and with edaphic conditions (water, K) that allow this tall and exposed emergent species to maintain its water balance. This is in contrast with most previous studies on monodominance in the tropics that found either no effect of soil properties, or predict associations with nutrient-poor soils.
Ficus natalensisfacilitates the establishment of a montane rain-forest tree in south-east African tropical woodlands
Authors: Fujita Tomohiro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Nucleation, leading to the formation of tropical forest patches in open areas, has occurred in many parts of the world. This study examined the role ofFicus natalensisas a nucleus and estimated seed dispersers in the nucleation process. Seed rain and post-dispersal fate ofSyzygium guineensessp.afromontanum(a common forest tree species) under eightF.natalensiscrowns were compared with those in other woodland microsites. In addition, focal observations of frugivore were conducted atF.natalensisin the woodlands andS.guineensessp.afromontanumin the forest, when both species were fruiting. Most dispersed seeds (85%) were found underF.natalensis, and the number of dispersed seeds was significantly greater underF.natalensisthan at other microsites. Germination (n = 600) and survival percentages (n = 384) were greater underF.natalensiscompared with those in treeless open microsites. These results suggest thatF.natalensisact as efficient nuclei in nucleation process. Results of focal observations atS.guineensessp.afromontanum(100 h) showed that Schalow's turaco consumed 63% of fruit and swallowed all pecked fruit. Schalow's turaco also visited fruitingF.natalensisfrequently (0.4 h−1) during 80 h of observations, indicating that Schalow's turaco is an important seed disperser during nucleation.
Diet selection is related to breeding status in two frugivorous hornbill species of Central Africa
Authors: Lamperti Aaron M. , French Aaron R. , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Fogiel Mark K. , Whitney Kenneth D. , Stauffer Donald J. , Holbrook Kimberly M. , Hardesty Britta D. , Clark Connie J. , Poulsen John R. , Wang Benjamin C. , Smith Thomas B. , Parker V. Thomas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Avian diet selection is hypothesized to be sensitive to seasonal changes in breeding status, but few tests exist for frugivorous tropical birds. Frugivorous birds provide an interesting test case because fruits are relatively deficient in minerals critical for reproduction. Here, we quantify annual patterns of fruit availability and diet for two frugivorous hornbill (Bucerotidae) species over a 5.5-y period to test for patterns of diet selection. Data from the lowland tropical rain forest of the Dja Reserve, Cameroon, are used to generate two nutritional indices. One index estimates the nutrient concentration of the diet chosen byCeratogymna atrataandBycanistes albotibialison a monthly basis using 3165 feeding observations combined with fruit pulp sample data. The second index is an estimate of nutrient concentration of a non-selective or neutral diet across the study area based on tree fruiting phenology, vegetation survey and fruit-pulp sample data. Fifty-nine fruit pulp samples representing 40 species were analysed for 16 nutrient categories to contribute to both indices. Pulp samples accounted for approximately 75% of the observed diets. The results support expected patterns of nutrient selection. The two hornbill species selected a diet rich in calcium during the early breeding season (significantly so forB. albotibialisin July and August). Through the brooding and fledging periods, they switched from a calcium-rich diet to one rich in iron and caloric content as well as supplemental protein in the form of invertebrates. Calcium, the calcium to phosphorus ratio and fat concentration were the strongest predictors of breeding success (significant for calcium and Ca:P forB. albotibialisin June). We conclude that hornbills actively select fruit based on nutritional concentration and mineral concentration and that the indices developed here are useful for assessing frugivore diet over time.
Jacobian Conjecture and semi-algebraic maps
Authors: FERNANDES ALEXANDRE , MAQUERA CARLOS , VENATO–SANTOS JEAN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLetF:${\mathbb R}$n→${\mathbb R}$nbe a polynomial local diffeomorphism and letSFdenote the set of not proper points ofF. The Jelonek's real Jacobian Conjecture states that if codim(SF) ≥ 2, thenFis bijective. In this work we prove a weak version of such Conjecture, but for more general maps than polynomial, namely: the semi-algebraic maps.
Diurnal cortisol rhythms in youth from risky families: Effects of cumulative risk exposure and variation in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene
Authors: Willner Cynthia J. , Morris Pamela A. , McCoy Dana Charles , Adam Emma K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBuilding on research on cumulative risk and psychopathology, this study examines how cumulative risk exposure is associated with altered diurnal cortisol rhythms in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample of youth. In addition, consistent with a diathesis-stress perspective, this study explores whether the effect of environmental risk is moderated by allelic variation in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) gene. Results show that youth with greater cumulative risk exposure had flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, regardless of5-HTTLPRgenotype. However, the association of cumulative risk with average cortisol output (area under the curve [AUC]) was moderated by the5-HTTLPRgenotype. Among youth homozygous for the long allele, greater cumulative risk exposure was associated with lower cortisol AUC, driven by significant reductions in cortisol levels at waking. In contrast, there was a trend-level association between greater cumulative risk and higher cortisol AUC among youth carrying the short allele, driven by a trend-level increase in bedtime cortisol levels. Findings are discussed with regard to the relevance of dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms for the development of psychopathology and the implications of genetically mediated differences in psychophysiological adaptations to stress.
Associations between trajectories of perceived racial discrimination and psychological symptoms among African American adolescents
Authors: Smith-Bynum Mia A. , Lambert Sharon F. , English Devin , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany African American adolescents experience racial discrimination, with adverse consequences; however, stability and change in these experiences over time have not been examined. We examined longitudinal patterns of perceived racial discrimination assessed in Grades 7–10 and how these discrimination trajectories related to patterns of change in depressive and anxious symptoms and aggressive behaviors assessed over the same 4-year period. Growth mixture modeling performed on a community epidemiologically defined sample of urban African American adolescents (n= 504) revealed three trajectories of discrimination: increasing, decreasing, and stable low. As predicted, African American boys were more frequent targets for racial discrimination as they aged, and they were more likely to be in the increasing group. The results of parallel process growth mixture modeling revealed that youth in the increasing racial discrimination group were four times more likely to be in an increasing depression trajectory than were youth in the low stable discrimination trajectory. Though youth in the increasing racial discrimination group were nearly twice as likely to be in the high aggression trajectory, results were not statistically significant. These results indicate an association between variation in the growth of perceived racial discrimination and youth behavior and psychological well-being over the adolescent years.
An insight into the autonomic and haemodynamic mechanisms underlying reflex syncope in children and adolescents: a multiparametric analysis
Authors: Laranjo Sérgio , Tavares Cristiano , Oliveira Mário , Trigo Conceição , Pinto Fátima , Rocha Isabel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAround 15% of children and adolescents experience at least one episode of syncope until adulthood. Excluding cardiac disease, the majority of syncopes are of reflex origin and benign in nature. In this situation, a tilt test is conducted to reproduce symptoms and to evaluate cardiovascular adaptations to orthostatism, but its mechanisms are not yet well defined. Here, we investigated haemodynamics and autonomic activity during tilt in young patients. Patients (n=113) with unexplained syncope were enrolled. Tilt followed a standard protocol without provocative agents. A positive response (fainters) was defined as a sudden development of syncope or presyncope associated with hypotension, bradycardia, or both. Haemodynamic parameters, autonomic activity, and baroreflex sensibility were evaluated. Data were analysed on baseline; immediately after tilting; on tilt adaptation; before fainting or before tilt-down for non-fainters; and on tilt-down. A total of 45 patients experienced syncope after a mean time of 18 minutes. During tilting up, fainters showed lower blood pressure and peripheral resistance values, which decreased progressively with time together with baroreflex sensibility. Sympathetic tone increased massively along time till syncope. No changes in cardiac output and heart rate were observed. Results show a strong effort of the autonomic nervous system to adapt to orthostatic stress through different magnitudes of sympathetic output, which was maximal before syncope without apparent modifications of parasympathetic tone. These changes suggest an imbalance between both branches of the autonomic nervous system, not enabling a time-progressive adaptation and leading the subject to faint.
Rapid spontaneous closure and remodelling of a medium-sized symptomatic congenital coronary artery fistula in an infant before the age of 3 months
Authors: Lu Wen-Hsien , Huang Ta-Cheng , Hsieh Kai-Sheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is controversial to observe or close symptomatic congenital coronary artery fistula in infants. We herein describe a medium-sized symptomatic congenital coronary artery fistula that underwent rapid spontaneous closure in an infant aged <3 months.