bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Damage Assessment of Tensile Specimen considering Bilinear Damage Process
Authors: Pillai Anjaly J , Talukdar Sudip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fatigue damage assessment in design phase is an important component of structural health monitoring and is conventionally assessed using Linear Damage Rule. The effect of sequence of loading and bifurcation of the fatigue damage process has not been considered in Miner’s Linear Damage Rule. This method has been improved considering damage curve in crack initiation and crack propagation stage. The transition point from crack initiation to crack propagation known as ‘knee-point’ plays an important role in the analysis. This method is further modified by considering opening stress in crack propagation stage. The effect of sequence of loading has also been considered in the proposed methodologies. The method is illustrated with an example of dynamically induced stress in a slender bar under uniform axial time varying force. Various parameters which affect the fatigue damage of the bar like stress range, excitation frequency and damping coefficient are also studied. It is found that conventional Miner’s Linear Damage Rule estimates higher damage index compared to the present method incorporating bilinear stages of fatigue damage process.
Girder’s Response under Integral Abutment Bridge
Authors: Chaurasiya Arti , Rai Anjali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
From the past evaluation and trend in bridge engineering Integral abutment bridges are gaining more popularity than conventional bridges. Kalkaji Flyover Delhi is one of the recent examples of five span continuous deck IAB. Girders are directly joined with abutment/piers without any bearings. These girders play most important role in dead load of bridge. The present study is the analytical investigation of precast concrete girder used in IAB undergone to different loads. The software used for the analysis is Csi Bridge in which a bridge of width 22 metres having the slab thickness 0.3 metres is analysed. There are five longitudinal girders (I beam of 575 mm width and 250 mm thickness) provided across the bridge’s width spaced at 2.54 metres centre to centre from each other. The girder is subjected to dead load, thermal load, backfilling, dead load with thermal load and combination of loads. Through the finite element modelling, values for different parameters for different load cases are computed. The results of this study are showing that there is no effect of backfilling for hogging but on the other hand for sagging moment the value is 12.35 kN-m. Maximum value of bending moment is due to combination of loads. Stresses developed in deck slab at the bottom are highest due to thermal loads and lowest due to backfilling. On the top of deck the stress values are highest for combination of loads. Deadload can be reduced if the Steel Plate girder is used that’s the practical implementation in integral abutment bridges.
Structural vibration control of a high-rise structure with open ground storey
Authors: Adarsh S , Sajeeb R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rising population density, particularly in the urban areas, increased the necessity to accommodate more people within the limited space constraints. The lack of ample space for horizontal expansion has triggered the requirement of tall structures. The increasing usage of superior strength and lightweight materials for the construction of high-rise structures renders it further flexible and lightly damped, thus rendering them extra sensitive towards dynamic excitations. Open Ground Storey (OGS) buildings are buildings where ground storey is kept open mainly for the purpose of parking vehicles. OGS buildings are featured by an abrupt decline in stiffness and strength in the ground storey, and are identified to have been repetitively exhibiting inferior performance during previous earthquakes all around the globe. The present paper focus on finding the seismic responses of a (G+35) structure with OGS with the nonlinear dynamic analysis and vibration control on the OGS structure using a tuned mass damper (TMD). TMDs with mass ratios of 1% to 10% in increments of 1% are considered in the study. The seismic performance of a regular (G+35) structure without open ground storey is also considered for comparison. The seismic responses of the building with OGS are found to be more than that of a regular building without OGS. TMD has been found to reduce the seismic responses of the OGS structure considered in this study. Also, TMD with higher mass ratio is found to offer better control effectiveness.
Effect of radius of curvature on the seismic response of curved bridges
Authors: Agrawal Suyesha , Gupta Praveen Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Curved bridges have seen widespread application in complex transportation networks, including interchanges and river crossings. If the displacements caused by an earthquake are too large, curved bridges have a greater risk of suffering serious damage due to the rotation of the superstructure. Since curved bridges are more susceptible to damage during earthquakes due to the effect of curvature, this factor also significantly influences the seismic behaviour of curved bridges. The present investigation has ascertained the impact of the radius of curvature on the seismic response of a bridge. The effect of ground motion characteristics and levels of shaking on the performance of bearings has also been studied. It has also been investigated how the bridge responds to seismic activity for both unidirectional and bidirectional effects. To determine the effect of the radius of curvature on the seismic response of the bridges, a non-isolated and isolated curved bridge with high damping rubber bearings has been considered. Bridges with varying radius of curvature (R= ∞, 315m, 157m, and 105m) have been modelled in the finite element-based software SAP 2000, and their response to three different ground motions has been observed. Isolation bearings in a bridge have been found to be more effective against seismic loads. The performance of an isolated bridge is superior to that of a non-isolated bridge when isolation bearings are installed in all of the piers and abutments. It is observed that a lower radius of curvature increases the deck displacement. It is also observed that bidirectional loading increases the seismic response of the curved bridge significantly relative to unidirectional loading.
Comparative Analysis of Steel Chimney Using Indian Standards (IS) & European Norms (EN)
Authors: Paswan Pragati , Mishra Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chimneys, also known as stacks, are vertical structures used to escape harmful gases to higher elevation. The height of the chimney is chosen such that the gases are diluted by air turbulence. The chimney should be analyzed and designed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant design standards. Design codes are documents that are created for the purpose of designing a particular structure. The majority of countries have developed their own design rules based on their geographical, topographical, and climatic characteristics. Thus, efforts are being made to compare European code (EN 1993-3-2) and Indian code (IS:6533-1989) for the design of self-supported steel chimney. In this paper, the focus is on evaluating the results of seismic and wind analysis of self-supported steel chimneys. A 90m self-supported steel chimney is considered for the study. The steel chimney is modeled and analyzed using SAP2000 software for seismic zone III and wind loads of basic wind speed 47m/sec. The top lateral displacements are determined to investigate the structural reaction of the steel stack.
Influence of Recycled Coarse Aggregates in the Application of Prestressed Concrete Members-A Review
Authors: Bhargav M Tharun , Senthil K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Currently the use of Pre-stressed Concrete (PSC) has increased globally because of its effectiveness in increasing the utilization area and strength of structural members than with the usage of conventional Reinforced concrete. However due to the increase in the cost of construction, sustainable methods such as the usage of Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) in place of normal aggregate have to be practiced. In this context, a review is made to know the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of using RCA for PSC. The requirement of Physical-Mechanical properties of concrete for PSC is compared with the properties of RCA Concrete. Serviceability and durability requirements (high compressive strength, high bond strength, low creep, and shrinkage) of Pre-stressed Concrete by using RCA and rate of change of the strength of PSC with partial replacement of coarse aggregate with RCA after 7 days is studied. It is concluded that with an increase in percentage in replacement with RCA there is a decrease in compressive strength and increase in creep and shrinkage. It is also concluded that the bond strength between reinforcement and matrix wholly depends on the compressive strength of concrete. It is suggested that the modified EMV (Equivalent mortar volume) for the mix design of concrete was found to be an increased performance than the conventional method. It is also concluded that the RCA from old precast members and admixtures such as fly ash, slag, and silica fume decrease the shrinkage and creep strain. Ultimately RCA from the existing PSC members decreases the losses in the prestress members, for effective utilization of prestress in the concrete RCA replacement up to 30% found to perform well.
Stiffness Irregularity in RC High-rise Building
Authors: Adhav A A , Birajdar B G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present study aims at analyzing the effect of vertical stiffness irregularities in a high-rise reinforced concrete building through analytical investigation. Vertical stiffness irregularity refers to uneven distribution of story stiffness. The study focuses on vertical stiffness irregularity induced due to variation in floor-to-floor height. The study of various design codes and review of recent literature is done and subsequent comparison is presented. Further, a detailed analysis of high-rise building by using software is carried out for varied degree of stiffness at various locations of building. The findings of the study like top story displacement, story drift ratio and ductility factor are presented. The efforts have been made to co-relate the degree of irregularity and its impact on top story displacement, story drift ratio and fundamental time period of building. The top story displacement and story drift ratio found higher in buildings with vertical stiffness irregularity. Further, the nonlinear static analysis is done to assess the effect of vertical stiffness irregularity in high-rise RC building by obtaining ductility factor. It was found that vertical stiffness irregularity reduces the ductility of building, especially when present at base of building. Reduction in ductility increases the seismic vulnerability of building which may leads to structural damage or failure in some cases. This aspect must be taken into consideration while designing a building with vertical stiffness irregularity.
Seismic Evaluation of Step-Back Building and Regular Building by Using Nonlinear Static and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Sharma Rajneesh , Dwivedi A.K. , Rani Varsha , Rc Bush 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The structural configuration of hill slope buildings differs from that of flat land buildings. During previous earthquakes, buildings located on a hill slope suffer severe damage/collapse even in moderate earthquakes. In comparison to flat land buildings, in both plan and elevation, these hillside structures are highly uneven. Under lateral loading, these buildings may subjected to severe torsion, and collapse may occur. The Indian Standards code, like many other national codes, does not provide the necessary insight into the expected performance and associated vulnerability of hill slope buildings. Hence, the purpose of this research was to compare the seismic behaviour of structures on hill slopes to that of buildings on level ground. To estimate the seismic performance and vulnerability of the step-back building, it is modelled in software SAP 2000 v.20.2.0 and NLSA and NLTHA are performed as per FEMA-356 and ATC-40. The seismic response of hill slope buildings is compared to flat land regular buildings in terms of capacity curve, ductility demand, hinge pattern and inter-storey drift at different PGAs. It has been noted that the story directly above the uppermost foundation level is where step-back buildings typically fail. The uphill side of the step-back buildings sustains significant damage. In general, the least vulnerable buildings are those on flat land, whereas those on hill slopes are considered to be the most vulnerable.
Review on Rebar Corrosion in Alkali-Activated Concrete Subjected to Chloride-Rich Environment
Authors: Thummar Chirag , Kondraivendhan B. , Modhera Chetankumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRebar corrosion in concrete structures is a crucial issue for deterioration, resulting in a significant impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) each year worldwide. For this reason, the construction industry urgently needs novel construction materials. A sustainable alternative, Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC), has the potential to replace conventional cement concrete. The evaluation of AAC’s durability properties has attracted significant attention. AAC’s corrosion resistance was evaluated using various mix compositions, exposure conditions, and contaminants. In marine-exposed reinforced concrete structures, chloride is the primary corrosive agent that attacks reinforcement. A systematic review is necessary to overcome the main challenges of alkali-activated concrete corrosion under chloride-induced conditions. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of the chloride-induced corrosion phenomenon in AAC. The role of various parameters comprising the mix composition of AAC, which governs its resistance to chloride-induced corrosion, has been identified and briefly discussed, also explaining different electrochemical techniques of corrosion monitoring. The Review concludes that AAC is identical to conventional cement concrete regarding chloride resistance but also illustrates the ambiguity between test results and actual conditions.
Performance of bituminous concrete mixes using waste eggshell as a bitumen modifier
Authors: Debnath Jaba , Singh Khwairakpam Lakshman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study focuses to investigate the strength performance of bituminous concrete mixes using waste eggshells to contribute to sustainable development. The waste eggshells converted in powder form then Calcium Oxide (CaO) was obtained by calcination process at 900C temperature which was confirmed using XRD test. Then different percentage of CaO (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight of bitumen) is added to the virgin bitumen as a modifier. It was observed that 3% CaO was found to be optimum modifier content. Addition of 3% CaO to virgin bitumen, the penetration and ductility values decreased by 25.3% and 46.8% respectively. But the softening point value increased by 18.4% at the same percentage of CaO. The strength performance of the bituminous mixes with CaO modified binder was evaluated in terms of Marshall Stability, Indirect Tensile Strength test and Moisture Susceptibility test. Marshall stability value, indirect tensile strength value and moisture susceptibility value of bituminous concrete mixes with 3% CaO were increased by 6.4%, 18.56% and 5.5%, respectively. It is observed from the present study that CaO used as a bitumen modifier has improved the physical properties of bituminous binder as well as the strength properties of the mixes. It indicates that bituminous mixes with CaO modified bituminous binder can also be used in high traffic and high temperature areas.
Bituminous mixes using Sisal fibre for controlling the fatigue cracks in rural roads in India
Authors: Makendran C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pavements fail due to many factors, including traffic loading, environmental factors, and material degradation. Among these factors, fatigue cracking and rutting play a predominant role in the failure of roads. Specifically, pavements consider only two parameters: fatigue cracking and rutting, which are 20% and 20 mm thick, respectively. Fatigue cracks are formed at the bottom of the bituminous pavement layers due to tensile stresses. To improve the fatigue resistance of the pavements, this study introduced sisal fibre in bituminous mixes, where different fibre lengths 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5 mm were used, which were added to a calculated weight with varying percentages of 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 of the total weight of aggregate. Finally, comparing the results significantly improved fatigue resistance and Marshall parameters. The study concluded that the stability of fibres, which were 10 mm in length and made up 0.6% of the sample, reached its lowest point at 12.80 KN when these fibres were mixed with 5.74% Optimum Binder Content (OBC) and 0.30% fibres measuring 17.5 mm in length.
Repairing of concrete structures using nano-silica concrete
Authors: Tripathi Anurag , Mishra Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The application of nano-particles have proven their efficacies in different domains of science such as chemial industry, engineering, medicines and many more. Numerous studies have been conducted to enhance cement concrete through various techniques. The incorporation of silica-nano-particles (SNPs) into cement concrete has been shown to be of significant importance, conferring desirable properties. Multiple investigations have been conducted in this regard. This research primarily aims to determine the optimal percentage of SNPs for replacing ordinary portland cement (OPC) in concrete to achieve the most desirable attributes, such as strength, durability, and the production of calcium-silicate-hydrate Gel (C-S-H). Such modified concrete holds substantial potential for use in the retrofitting and repair of critical concrete structures. In this study, OPC 43 grade cement is partially substituted with silica-nano-particles within the range of 2-5% to formulate M30 concrete mix (IS 10262:2009, IS 456:2000) & results are obtained for 3, 7 & 28 days behaviour. The concrete test Samples & control samples are tested for compressive strength, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) has also been performed for the chemistry of C-S-H Gel production and results are compared. As it is very well known that C-S-H’s are the main products of the hydration of portland cement and is primarily responsible factor for the strength in cement concrete. The findings reveal that the partial replacement of OPC cement with 4% SNPs yields the most favorable outcomes in terms of strength and a denser matrix. Considering that cement is the most extensively used material in the construction industry, its replacement is being explored due to the environmental impact associated with cement manufacturing, including the release of CO2 emissions and greenhouse gases (GHG), thereby contributing to global climate change. The estimated carbon footprint is approximately 915 kilograms of CO2 emitted per 1000 kilograms of cement production.
Optimizing Opening Positions for Net Zero Construction Waste: A Methodology for Sustainable Building Design.
Authors: Sruthi Priya N , Pavithra Raj J S , Arunachalam S V , Krithiga Devi V , Amalan Sigmund Kaushik S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
India currently generates over 277 million tonnes (MT) of solid waste each year, a number projected to soar to 387 million tonnes by 2030. A mere 20% of this waste (55 MT) is treated annually, while the remaining 80% (221 MT) ends up in landfills. The nation additionally produces 150 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste annually, with a paltry 1.5% (2.3 MT) being recycled. The Indian Green Building Council stipulates that construction waste exceeding 5% during construction is unacceptable. This paper proposes a methodology to achieve net zero construction waste by optimizing the placement of openings for Porotherm bricks. The goals include design optimization without altering the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) and reducing cut block usage for Porotherm bricks by repositioning openings. The study analyzes available brick sizes and working practices, and calculates material waste for the base case, and, subsequently for the optimized case. Material waste percentages are compared, revealing significant reductions, with cut block wastage dropping from 12% to 0.6% in vertical adjustments and from 8% to 3% in horizontal adjustments. This research aligns with IGBC standards, aiding designers in achieving net zero waste in construction.
Investigation on properties of Pervious Concrete incorporating Lime Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)
Authors: Tripathi Shivam Mani , Kumar Kuldeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
By the end of 2050, annual cement production will probably exceed 5 million metric tonnes due to an increase in output every year. Ordinary Portland Cement is produced at a rate of about 3.6 billion metric tonnes annually [1]. A tonne of carbon is emitted into the environment for every metric tonne of cement produced, leading to environmental degradation. Another issue faced from the perspective of sustainability is urban flooding which prevents the recharge of groundwater. Also, the cost of mitigating the flooding problem through adequate drainage system is too expensive. This study aims to add significant addressal to both the above two problems by analysing the behaviour of pervious concrete prepared by using Lime Calcined Clay Cement (LC3). LC3 compositions with 30%,40% and 50% replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement with Lime Calcined Clay (LC2) were taken into study. Determination of most optimum LC3 mix was done and the mix design for pervious concrete was carried out. Pervious concrete was tested for its mechanical and hydraulic/durability properties. The results showed that LC3-30 yielded the highest compressive strength, lowest setting time and lowest water content requirement for standard consistency. The pervious concrete prepared with LC3-30 also gave comparable strength results when compared with OPC pervious concrete. However, no significant difference was found in hydraulic properties of the two concretes. LC3 shows a great potential in wide range applications of pervious works such as Pervious Concrete Pavements (PCP) and roofing. The study concludes that use of Lime Calcined Clay Cement can very well be incorporated to create economic, lightweight and sustainable structures.
Influence of Silica Fume and Fly Ash with Quarry dust on Steel Fiber Concrete
Authors: Kapgate Sudhir , Pote Amol , Ambadkar Swati 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete is possibly the most exhaustively elaborate progression material no matter what some acquired issue. Eventually a days, mix of added substances are getting unquestionable quality. Scientists have zeroed in on fiber created concrete, fly ash concrete and silica-fume concrete independently; yet as of in the somewhat late past, the overview isn't done on steel fiber with expansion of silica-fume and fly ash in concrete. Silica fume(SF) contain in 5 % by substantial weight of cement and fly ash (FA) contents( 5% to 25%) of substantial weight of cement and halfway uprooting of fine sand with different level of quarry dust (5% to 25%) were examined. Steel fiber having a span of 50 mm and substance of 1% by substantial weight of binder, are supplementary for silica-fume fly ash and quarry dust concrete(SF-FAQD). In this work, the mechanical properties of conventional concrete and silica-fume fly ash quarry dust steel fiber created concrete(SFFAQDSF) are examined. This paper produce the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. From the study it have been accepted that the abrogating genuinely 20% of fine sand by quarry dust mix improved quality outcomes in standard with the standard cement.