bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RENAL ARTERY LOOP IN THE DOG
Authors: Lockett M. F. , O'Connor W. J. , Verney E. B. 
Published: December 2014

A method is described whereby the renal artery in the dog is enclosed in a loop of skin, and the blood‐supply to the kidney thereby brought under immediate external control.Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society for defraying part of the expense incurred in this work.
METABOLISM OF LIVER SLICES AFTER BURNING
Authors: Clark E. J. , Rossiter R. J. 
Published: December 2014

1. Anæsthetised rabbits burnt at 70°C. for ½ minute (area of burn ⅓ body surface) show a rise in red blood cell count within 2‐4 hours, which has fallen to normal by 24 hours.2. There is no change in the ability of the liver to oxidise alanine or sodium butyrate either 4 or 24 hours after burning; there is also no change in the QGO2 and Qo2 measured in bicarbonate buffer.3. After 4 hours there is a fall in the R. Q. (measured in phosphate buffer), rise in the QGN2, and fall in the ability of the liver to form glycogen from glucose; these have all returned to normal within 24 hours.4. After 24 hours there is a slight rise in the Qo2 measured in phosphate buffer, which is not observed after 4 hours.5. Implications of these results are discussed and it is concluded that they are in all probability secondary to the circulatory changes following the burn.Thanks are due to Dr. J. M. Barnes for advice and information on the method of burning the animals, and to Miss J. Jenkins for valuable technical assistance.One of us (E. J. C.) is indebted to the Medical Research Council for a personal grant and one (R. J. R.) to the Carnegie Trustees. The Medical Research Council has also contributed to the cost of this Research, which was carried out on behalf of the Burns Sub‐committee of the War Wounds Committee.
THE INFLUENCE OF METABOLIC STIMULANTS ON WOUND HEALING; THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID and 2‐4‐α DINITROPHENOL
Authors: Barclay T. H. C. , Cuthbertson D. P. , Isaacs A. 
Published: December 2014

1. Dried thyroid gland, when fed to young adult male albino rats throughout the period of healing of circular skin wounds, caused a significant reduction in the mean time required for healing (11 per cent. reduction). When the rats were, in addition, given a pre‐period of thyroid feeding before operation, the mean time required for healing was reduced by 12 and 22 per cent. in the two experiments performed.2. 2‐4‐α dinitrophenol fed as a component of the diet (0·012 per cent.) also caused a significant reduction in the mean time required for healing (15 to 27 per cent. reduction). Larger doses (0·09 per cent.) lacked this stimulant effect and the weight loss was marked.3. The significance of these findings is discussed. It is not considered wise to attempt to influence the rate of normally healing wounds of patients by such stimulants.In conclusion, we wish to thank Dr. E. Lewis‐Faning and Dr. P. L. McKinlay for their assistance in the statistical treatment of this investigation. We are also greatly indebted to the Medical Research Council, and to the Rankin Medical Research Fund of the University of Glasgow, for grants in aid of this work.
THE EFFECT OF INCREASED ACTIVITY OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM IN THE INHIBITION OF WATER‐DIURESIS BY EMOTIONAL STRESS
Authors: O'Connor W. J. , Verney E. B. 
Published: December 2014

1. Tests of the effect of emotional stress produced by 30‐60 seconds faradic stimulation during water‐diuresis in normal dogs have revealed two types of inhibition of urine flow: a rapid inhibition which is abolished by section of the splanchnics and denervation of the kidneys and suprarenal (“denervation”), and a slow inhibition due to release of antidiuretic substance from the posterior lobe of the pituitary.2. In 21 normal bitches, 3 gave large slow inhibitions in all tests, 7 always gave rapid inhibitions only, and 11 gave a large slow inhibition in some tests. After “denervation” a large slow inhibition was found in all tests in all animals.3. The slow inhibition thus revealed could be prevented by the injection of adrenaline just before the application of the faradic stimulus.4. Adrenaline did not diminish the inhibition produced by the injection of post‐pituitary extract.5. It was concluded therefore, that after an injection of adrenaline, the resultant absence of the large slow inhibition produced by emotional srtess in the “denervated” animal was due to failure of release of the antidiuretic substance, and not to failure of the released substance to act on the kidney.6. The irregular appearance of the slow inhibition in normal dogs is thus explicable in terms of failure of the release of antidiuretic substance from the posterior lobe owing to increased sympathetic activity during emotional stress.7. Evidence has not yet been sought to determine the relative rôles of adrenaline and the renal nerves in the rapid type of inhibition, nor to decide whether the prevention of release of the antidiuretic hormone is due to adrenaline specifically or to an increase in arterial pressure.
ALVEOLAR OXYGEN TENSION AND LUNG CIRCULATION
Authors: Dirken M. N. J. , Heemstra H. 
Published: December 2014

By means of a trachea divider the left and the right lung of the rabbit may be made to breathe gases of different oxygen content. If one lung is given a gas of low and the other one of high oxygen content, the saturation or the oxygen tension of the mixed arterial blood in the carotid artery depends on the mixing ratio of the blood from both lungs.On switching one lung over to a gas of low oxygen content, the initial fall in saturation and in oxygen tension of the mixed arterial blood becomes spontaneously compensated to a major degree in about 8 hours.Evidence is produced that this reaction results from a gradual increase in circulatory resistance of the hypoxic lung caused by a local action of the low oxygen tension. This conclusion is supported by the results of the measurement of the alveolar gas percentages in the rabbit.To exclude an indirect action on the lung circulation caused by the effects of general hypoxæmia the influence of only slightly subnormal alveolar oxygen tensions was studied. Under these conditions the mixed arterial blood remained fully saturated. To this end a polarographic method was devised for measuring the oxygen tension of the blood.Even at an alveolar oxygen percentage of approximately 12 per cent., which might normally be present in subventilated parts of the lungs, a distinct reaction occurs.The increased vascular resistance may be abolished in about 4‐5 hours by restoring the normal alveolar oxygen tension.
OBSERVATIONS UPON A CHANGE IN AN ENZYMATIC PROCESS IN BURNS
Authors: Van Bekkum D. W. , Peters R. A. 
Published: December 2014

1. A significant difference in the rate of deamination of DL‐alanine by liver slices of rats has been found between unburned and burned animals at the height of the nitrogen loss in the urine. Deaminating power was determined by estimation of the (NH3 + urea) N formed.2. The experiments presented suggest this difference to be of an enzymatic nature.3. In the course of the work it was found that deamination of DL‐alanine by liver slices was not influenced by the addition of glucose in vitro. Neither did a 24‐hour fast with its consequent depletion of glycogen influence the deaminating activity of the liver in vitro.4. The significance of the decreased deamination in burned animals' liver slices is discussed; it appears to be the first enzymatic change to be correlated with the loss of N in the urine.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE HORSE STOMACH
Authors: Alexander Frank 
Published: December 2014

1. Strips of muscle from the saccus cæcus of the horse's stomach showed slow contractions, and strips from the pyloric part faster con‐tractions. Both were inhibited by adrenaline and stimulated with acetylcholine.2. The excised stomach showed only feeble contractions even when perfused with blood.3. Records of stomach contractions in the unanæsthetized horse were secured by using stomach tubes of narrow diameter.4. Introducing a wide diameter stomach tube into the œsophagus inhibited stomach contractions.5. Feeding induced contractions, and fasting for 12‐24 hours caused them to stop or become intermittent. Intermittent contractions were not inhibited by feeding.6. Stomach contractions were inhibited by adrenaline and atropine. Histamine, carbaminoylcholine and posterior pituitary extract had little action on the actively contracting or on the quiescent stomach.
Electroosmotic Flow Through Porous Materials
Authors: Saini Rakesh , Kenny Matthew , Barz Dominik P. J. 
Published: December 2014

Electroosmotic flow can be employed in many microfluidic systems. Especially, highly porous materials are suitable since they generate significant flow rates and pressures.
In the current research, we employ electroosmosis experiments using a relatively simple and cost-effective set-up including different sets of sintered packed beds of borosilicate micro spheres having a wider range of porosities. Various experiments are performed with varying applied electric field, and packed bed porosity. The flow rates are measured by tracking the air/liquid interface in a capillary which is connected to the packed bed. A mathematical model of the setup reveals the influence of the capillary flow on the flow rate of the electroosmotic flow.
Potential Impact of Subsequent Entry Biologics in Nephrology Practice in Canada
Authors: Martinusen Daniel J , Lo Clifford , Marin Judith G , Tsao Nicole W , Leung Marianna 
Published: December 2014

Purpose of review: Subsequent entry biologics may soon be a reality in Canadian nephrology practice. Along with opportunities to reduce health care costs, these agents pose unique challenges that must be met for successful implementation. Understanding the experiences around the globe in both regulatory affairs and implementation will be a valuable guide for Canadian clinicians. This report provides an executive summary of the information required to guide decisions to use or implement subsequent entry biologics by comparing Canadian regulations to other developed nations, discussing their clinical issues and predicting their impact on the Canadian market and nephrology practice. We hope that this review will assist clinicians and policy makers to navigate this complex subject and to make informed decisions in the best interest of their patients. Sources of information: Sources of information include published literature and reports available in the public domain including guidelines obtained from regulatory agencies and information shared by Pharmaceutical companies. Lastly, we generated information from our own focus group consisting of nephrologists, a regulatory body representative, a hospital formulary representative, a patient representative, a hospital administrator, and a health economist. Findings: There exists a common and robust approach in the G20 countries for approval and regulation of subsequent entry biologics. Although by definition these agents do not have advantages (other than costs) or disadvantages compared to the original biologic, there are potential concerns and economic uncertainties regarding their implementation. Where SEBs are on the market, their market share is variable and modest. Limitations: We did not purchase third party reports for up to the minute marketing data. Since there are no subsequent entry biologics currently on the Canadian market, the information is only predictive. Implications: The nephrology community will have to work with patients, payers, and regulatory bodies to ensure safe and effective use of subsequent entry biologics. Cost savings can be achieved but these agents should only be used after fully understanding their unique challenges. At this time, they should not be automatically substitutable and only used for Health Canada-approved indications. Only through good pharmacovigilence will health care providers and patients become better informed.
Contribuição para o Conhecimento da Fauna de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Silva Janaína Madruga , Silva Eduardo José Ely 
Published: December 2014

Com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) ocorrentes no Estado de Santa Catarina, elaborou-se uma lista das espécies depositadas no Museu Entomológico Ceslau Biezanko. Os dados são referentes a coletas realizadas na região entre os anos 1943 e 1976 por Ceslau Maria Biezanko, Vitor Becker e Fritz Plauman. Foram encontradas 101 espécies, distribuídas em 57 gêneros e 238 indivíduos de Arctiini. Um total de 15 espécies é novo registro para o estado.
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Fauna in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Abstract. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge of the Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Family: Erebidae) fauna occurring in the Santa Catarina State, drew up a list of species deposited in the Entomological Museum Ceslau Biezanko. The data relating to collections made in the region between 1943 and 1976 by Maria Ceslau Biezanko, Vitor Becker and Fritz Plauman. We found 101 species in 57 genera and 238 individuals of Arctiini. A total of 15 species are new record for the state.
Primeira Reportagem da Mosca Minadora em Cebola no Alto Paranaíba
Authors: Alves Flávia , Fernandes Flávio , Silva Paulo , Gorri Jéssica , Ribeiro Luan 
Published: December 2014

Liriomyza spp. é considera praga em várias culturas no Brasil. As larvas confeccionam minas nas folhas, reduzem a área fotossintética, causam murcha e queda precoce de folhas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho reportar o primeiro ataque de Liriomyza spp., seu dano e a sobrevivência em cebola (Allium cepa L.) no Alto Paranaíba-MG. A sua ocorrência e o prejuízo foram detectados em cinco avaliações em 12 lavouras de cebola (50 plantas/ha). Já a sobrevivência foi determinada em condições de temperatura controlada. Observou-se a presença de Liriomyza spp. causando minas serpenteadas, com relação direta e negativa do número de minas com a produtividade, com prejuízo de 120 kg ha-1 e com taxa de sobrevivência de larva-pupa (57,89%) e pupa-adulto (63,63%). Este fitófago pode se tornar praga séria nesta cultura.
First Occurrence of Leafminer Causing Damage in Onion at Alto Paranaíba
Abstract. Liriomyza spp. is considered pests in various crops in Brazil. The larvae mine the leaves cook up, reduce the photosynthetic area, cause wilting and premature leaf drop. The objective of this study report the first attack of Liriomyza spp., its damage and survival in onion (Allium cepa L.) in Alto Parnaíba-MG. Their occurrence and injury ratings were detected in five of onion crops in 12 (50 plants/ha). Since survival was determined under conditions of controlled temperature. We observed the presence of Liriomyza spp. causing serpentine mines, with direct and negative relationship with the number of mines productivity, a loss of 120 kg ha-1 and survival rate of larva-pupa (57.89%) and pupa-adult (63.63%). Thus, this phytophagous insect can become a serious pest in this crop.
The Metapleural Secretion of Acromyrmex laticeps (Forel) does not have Fungicide Effect on the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill
Authors: Junqueira Luciane Kern , Diehl Elena 
Published: December 2014

The metapleural gland (MPG) is an exocrine structure, exclusive to formicids, being more developed in females and workers. This structure is stunted or nonexistent in males. Several possible functions for the secretion produced by this gland have been suggested, but a protection against entomopathogens is the most accepted hypothesis. To test this, we applied a suspension of spores (1.30 x 106) of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. on the MPG and the antero-superior portion of the metathorax (ASM) of winged females of Acromyrmex laticeps (Forel). We only applied the suspension in the ASM of males, since they do not have the atrium characteristic in the MPG. Our results indicated that the metapleural secretion of females has no fungicidal effect on B. bassiana, and therefore both males and winged females are sensitive to this entomopathogenic fungus.
Ausência de Efeito Fungicida da Secreção Metapleural de Acromyrmex laticeps (Forel) Contra Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.
Resumo. A glândula metapleural (GMP) é uma estrutura exógena, encontrada apenas nos formicídeos, sendo mais desenvolvida nas fêmeas e operárias, enquanto nos machos ou está atrofiada ou não existe. Tem sido sugerido várias possíveis funções para a secreção produzida por esta glândula, sendo a hipótese de efeito protetor contra entomopatógenos a mais estudada. Para testar esta hipótese, foi aplicada uma suspensão de conídios (1,30 x 106) de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. nas GMP e na porção ântero-superior do metatórax (ASM) de fêmeas aladas de Acromyrmex laticeps (Forel), enquanto nos machos a suspensão foi aplicada apenas na porção ASM, pois estes não apresentam o átrio característico da GMP. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a secreção metapleural das fêmeas desta espécie não possui efeito fungicida sobre B. bassiana, e que tanto os machos como as fêmeas alados são sensíveis a este fungo entomopatogênico.
The spiral relationship between suffering and the production of fashionable clothes
Authors: Almond Kevin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this article, I explore the relationships between suffering and the production of fashionable clothes. In the commercial struggle for survival many fashionable styles are discarded while some remain durable due to their adaptability to new trends and creative ideas. The aim of this research was to investigate how suffering initiates these changes in the creative process of fashion design. This was examined through a number of methodologies, which included object-based research and ethnography. The research findings indicate that suffering within the fashion industry can be a positive attribute. It can influence the way in which clothes are produced and the skills necessary to produce them. A model depicting the connection between suffering and fashion is posited as a tentative theory suggesting that there is a spiral relationship in that changes in fashion production and consumption resulting from suffering evolve into a spiral of further suffering impacting on the future of fashion design and manufacture.
Word Pharmacy
Authors: Søndergaard Morten 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
‘Wordpharmacy’ is a concrete poetical work, which playfully equates the structure of language with pharmaceutical products. It consists of ten medicine boxes, each representing one of the ten word-groups. Each box contains a leaflet that functions as an instructional poem, guiding the reader’s ingestion of the given word group. The leaflets are published here.
The nucleobases
Authors: Bok Christian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
‘The Nucleobases’ is a modular, acrostic poem, written according to a burdensome constraint, in which the molecular structure of the nucleotides in DNA determines not only the selected lexicons (which, in this case, consist only of nine-letter words), but also their arrangement in the line. Each poem maps out a molecule, while conveying a pastoral sentence about the bees (doing so in honour of Virgil, the first of all poets to have a line of poetry enciphered into the genome of an organism...).
(Reading) language as visual art
Authors: Davey Frank 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Poet Frank Davey demonstrates how paratactic syntax can be used in combination with visual images to create hybrid artworks that occupy an ambiguous position between writing and visual art. The foundation of his work here is the Edwardian postcard with its often unlikely foreshadowing of twenty-first-century history. These postcard poems are part of his larger work in ‘propositional poetics’, in which since 1982 he has been punctuating poems or composing them entirely of propositions, which cannot all possibly be ‘true’ in a referential sense but which create a field of contrasting or clashing meanings and assumptions.
Drawing After – modular reiteration as research method
Authors: Eccleshall Bryan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Visual reiteration can be thought of in terms of linguistic translation. As well as similarities between these two areas – attention to detail and the development of a rich vocabulary – visual reiteration inevitably falls foul of the same ‘deforming tendencies’, proposed by theorist Antoine Berman in his essay ‘Translation and trials of the foreign’. The act of translation/redrawing also seeks to represent a source, plotting a trajectory away from that source, while never quite escaping it, and acknowledging the gap between precursor and product in a way that replicas deny. This article, which accompanies and contextualizes images made as part of the research, outlines how a modular approach to the making of a particular work of art widens the scope and clarifies this enquiry.
Navigationssystem für blinde Fußgänger und ÖPNV-Nutzer / Navigation system for blind pedestrians and public transport users
Authors: Scheibler Eric 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beschreibt die prototypische Entwicklung und Evaluation eines neuen Navigationssystems, welches sich speziell an den Bedürfnissen blinder und sehbehinderter Fußgänger orientiert. Dabei wurde im Besonderen auf die genaue Beschreibung der zurückzulegenden Route und auf den Einbezug öffentlicher Verkehrsmittel eingegangen. Ziel der Entwicklung ist ein routenbasiertes Navigationssystem, welches deutschlandweit verwendet werden kann.
Using wrist vibrations to guide hand movement and whole body navigation
Authors: Brock Anke , Kammoun Slim , Macé Marc , Jouffrais Christophe 
Published: December 2014

Summary
In the absence of vision, mobility and orientation are challenging. Audio and tactile feedback can be used to guide visually impaired people. In this paper, we present two complementary studies on the use of vibrational cues for hand guidance during the exploration of itineraries on a map, and whole body-guidance in a virtual environment. Concretely, we designed wearable Arduino bracelets integrating a vibratory motor producing multiple patterns of pulses. In a first study, this bracelet was used for guiding the hand along unknown routes on an interactive tactile map. A wizard-of-Oz study with six blindfolded participants showed that tactons, vibrational patterns, may be more efficient than audio cues for indicating directions. In a second study, this bracelet was used by blindfolded participants to navigate in a virtual environment. The results presented here show that it is possible to significantly decrease travel distance with vibrational cues. To sum up, these preliminary but complementary studies suggest the interest of vibrational feedback in assistive technology for mobility and orientation for blind people.
inDAgo-Helfer-App
Authors: Frank Daniel , Langer Constanze , Hußlein Steffi , Klein Peter , Rieß Henrik 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Im Projekt inDAgo entwickeln Forschungspartner eine Lösung, die Senioren in Darmstadt bei ihrer täglichen Mobilität unterstützt. Dabei soll ein Netzwerk von freiwilligen Helfern bereit stehen, um den Senioren bei Problemen auf ihren täglichen Wegen zur Hand zu gehen. Koordiniert werden sollen die Helfer über eine Smartphone- Applikation. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung von Konzept und Prototyp für diese Applikation im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit. Einen Schwerpunkt bildete hierbei die Frage, wie man Helfer motivieren kann. Dafür kam der benutzerzentrierte Gestaltungsprozess zum Einsatz. Der Artikel skizziert den Projektverlauf und gibt einen Einblick in den Szenario- und Prototypen-basierten Arbeitsprozess.