bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated climate change in subarctic soils: responses in nematode species composition and dominance structure
Authors: Ruess Liliane , Michelsen Anders , Jonasson Sven 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The nematode fauna at two contrasting subarctic sites was studied at Abisko,
Swedish Lapland. One site was a dwarf shrub dominated, tree-line heath (450
m a.s.l.) and the other a high altitude fellfield (1150 m a.s.l.). Responses
in the composition of the nematode fauna to eight growing seasons with
simulated climate change were monitored. The environmental manipulations
consisted of temperature increase by using passive greenhouses, NPK
fertilization, and a combination of both. A total of 98 species was found at
the sites, with twice as many species at the heath compared to the
climatically harsh fellfield. Species similarity was low, most likely due to
differences in soil type and vegetation cover. The environmental
perturbations caused distinct changes in dominance and trophic structure.
Taxa common at both sites responded similarly with increases in
Aphelenchoides, Filenchus and Plectus , and decreases in Eudorylaimus,
Monhystrella and Teratocephalus . Generally, the manipulations changed the
trophic composition in favour of fungal and plant feeding species,
indicating a shift in the decomposition pathway. Modification provoquee du
climat dans des sols subarctiques: reaction de la composition specifique des
nematodes et de la structure de la dominance - La faune des nematodes a ete
etudiee a Abisko (Laponie suedoise) en deux sites subarctiques contrastes.
L'un consistait une vegetation de bruyere dominee par des buissons nains (a
450 m d'altitude) et l'autre etait situe sur un coteau a haute altitude
(1150 m). La reaction de la faune nematologique aux modifications provoquees
du climat a ete observee. Ces modifications comprenaient une augmentation de
la temperature par utilisation de serres passives, une fertilisation NPK et
une combinaison des deux. Un total de 98 especes ont ete trouvees dans les
deux sites. La similitude des especes etait peu elevee, ce tres probablement
du aux differences dans les types de sols et la couverture vegetale. Le
nombre d'especes etait deux fois plus eleve sous bruyeres, que pour le
coteau au climat rude. Apres huit saisons de croissance ayant comporte des
perturbations de l'environnement, de nets changements sont apparus dans la
dominance et la structure trophique. Les nematodes communs aux deux sites
ont montre une reaction similaire, positive pour les Aphelenchoides,
Filenchus et Plectus et negative pour les Eudorylaimus, Monhystrella et
Teratocephalus. En general, les modifications ont change la composition
trophique en faveur des especes fungivores et herbivores, indiquant par la
des changements dans le mode de decomposition des vegetaux.
Resistance in ryegrasses, Lolium spp., to three European populations of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne naasi
Authors: Cook Roger , Mizen K. Anthony , Person-Dedryver Francoise 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Symptoms of Meloidogyne naasi invasion, development and reproduction were
compared on 17 cloned ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne) plants,
previously classified as susceptible (5 clones) or resistant (12) to a Welsh
population. Observations on galling and reproduction confirmed the
classification of most clones but some intermediate host status phenotypes
were distinguished. Smaller root size at and immediately after inoculation
was related to the generally poorer host status of L. perenne clones
compared with those of L. multiflorum. Root axes number or size was not
related to resistance and susceptiblity in either ryegrass species. In
ryegrasses, resistance was expressed by slower nematode development rates,
fewer females matured and those that laid eggs were less fecund. Gall
numbers at 36 days after inoculation reliably predicted host status. A poor
host cultivar of Phleum pratense included some plants on which a few galls
with fully fecund females developed. The selected ryegrass clones maintained
their phenotype when tested with populations of M. naasi from Belgium and
France. Nonetheless, it cannot be concluded from these experiments that
there is no heterogeneity for virulence in these nematode populations.
Resistance du ray-grass, Lolium spp., a trois populations europeennes du
nematode a galle Meloidogyne naasi - Les symptomes causes par la
penetration, le developpement et la reproduction de Meloidogyne naasi ont
ete compares chez 17 clones de ray-grass (Lolium multiflorum et L. perenne)
dont 5 consideres auparavant comme sensibles et 12 comme resistants a une
population provenant du Pays de Galles. Les observations relatives a la
formation des galles et a la reproduction confirment la qualification de la
plupart de ces clones mais quelques phenotypes a statut d'hote intermediaire
ont ete detectes. Une longueur de racines plus faible au moment de et
immediatement apres l'inoculation est en general correlee au statut d'hote
mediocre des clones de L. perenne si on les compare a ceux de L.
multiflorum. Le nombre et la taille des racines axiales ne sont correles ni
a la resistance ni a la sensibilite chez aucune des especes de ray-grass. La
resistance s'exprime chez le ray-grass par le taux plus faible du
developpement du nematode, le moindre nombre de femelles matures et une
fecondite moins elevee chez celles qui pondent des oeufs. Le nombre de
galles releve 36 jours apres l'inoculation permet de predire le statut
d'hote de facon fiable. Un cultivar de Phleum pratense a statut d'hote
mediocre comportait cependant quelques plants presentant un petit nombre de
galles contenant des femelles parfaitement fecondes. Les clones de ray-grass
etudies ont conserve leur phenotype lors de tests envers des populations de
M. naasi provenant de France et de Belgique. Ces experiences ne permettent
cependant pas de conclure qu'il n'existe aucune heterogeneite dans la
virulence de ces populations de nematode.
Comparison between thermally-stimulated current and complex impedance spectroscopy measurements on a dehydrated Ca-montmorillonite
Authors: Haouzi A. , Belarbi H. , Giuntini J. C. , Vanderschueren J. , Staunton S. , Zanchetta J. V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe polarization conductivity, σ'(ω) of a Ca-montmorillonite has been determined by complex impedance spectroscopy. The technique of thermally-stimulated currents (TSC) leads to the determination of the different relaxation parameters, such as the distribution function of the different relaxation processes. The results demonstrated the coherence of the two approaches, and confirmed that the conducting phenomenon is due to the hopping of charge carriers between localized sites. The energy corresponding to the hopping process is evaluated using two different methods of analysis of the TSC signal. The values obtained are compared to those observed on a Na-montmorillonite.
Dehydroxylation of Fe3+ , Mg-rich dioctahedral micas: (I) structural transformation
Authors: Muller F. , Drits V. A. , Plançon A. , Besson G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCeladonite and glauconite samples heated at different temperatures were studied by X-ray and electron diffraction. For dioctahedral micas the in-plane component of the translation between layers (ccosβ/a), which is strongly dependent on the position of the vacant octahedral site, significantly decreases at temperatures greater than the temperature of maximum dehydroxylation. The simulation of XRD patterns from different structural models reveals the actual crystal structure of dehydroxylated samples as well as the dynamics of the structural transformations. In the nonheated state the samples consist of tv (trans-vacant) 2:1 layers. During dehydroxylation, cations migrate from cis- into trans-octahedra and have 5-fold coordination. In the averaged unit-cell the ‘residual’ anions formed after the dehydroxylation reaction occupy the former OH sites with probability equal to 0.5. The migration of octahedral cations is accompanied by the transformation of the C-centred layer unit-cells into primitive ones. In contrast to Fe, Al and Mg cations have a greater ability to migrate.
Crystal chemistry of basic lead carbonates. I. Crystal structure of synthetic shannonite, Pb2O(CO3)
Authors: Krivovichev S. V. , Burns P. C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of synthetic shannonite, Pb2O(CO3), orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5.1465(7), b = 9.014(1), c = 9.315(1)Å, V = 432.12(10)Å3, Z = 4, has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.054. There are two symmetrically distinct Pb2+ cations in irregular coordination polyhedra due to the effect of stereoactive s2 lone-electron pairs. The structure can be described as composed of chains of [OPb2] composition running parallel to [100] that are built by corner-sharing of OPb3 oxocentred triangles. The [OPb2] chains are surrounded by CO3 groups to form complex [OPb2](CO3) chains that are linked into a 3-dimensional framework by additional Pb–O bonds. The structure has channels that are parallel to [100] in which the lone-electron pairs of the Pb2+ cations are probably located.
A high-pressure structural study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation
Authors: Pawley A. R. , Allan D. R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractStructural refinements of lawsonite have been obtained at pressures up to 16.5 GPa using angle-dispersive powder diffraction with synchrotron radiation on a natural sample contained in a diamond anvil cell. Lawsonite compresses smoothly and relatively isotropically up to 10 GPa. Its bulk modulus is 126.1(6) GPa (for K’ = 4), consistent with previous results. A trend of decreasing Si–O–Si angle indicates that compression is accommodated partly through the narrowing of the cavities containing Ca and H2O in the [001]ortho direction. At 10–11 GPa there is a phase transition from Cmcm to P21/m symmetry. The occurrence of a mixed-phase region, spanning >1 GPa, indicates that the transition is first order in character. The phase transition occurs through a shearing of (010)ortho sheets containing AlO6 octahedral chains in the [100]ortho direction, which causes an increase in βmono. Across the transition, the number of oxygens coordinated to Ca increases from 8 to 9, causing an increase in the average Ca–O bond length. The compressibility of P21/m lawsonite could not be determined due to solidification of the methanol/ethanol pressure-transmitting medium. On the basis of an experiment in which the P21/m lawsonite structure was heated to 200°C at 12.0 GPa, we predict a shallow positive P-T slope for the phase transition, and therefore no stability field for P21/m lawsonite in the Earth.
Proposed nomenclature for samarskite-group minerals: new data on ishikawaite and calciosamarskite
Authors: Hanson S. L. , Simmons W. B. , Falster A. U. , Foord E. E. , Lichte F. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe current definition of samarskite-group minerals suggests that ishikawaite is a uranium rich variety of samarskite whereas calciosamarskite is a calcium rich variety of samarskite. Because these minerals are chemically complex, usually completely metamict, and pervasively altered, their crystal chemistry and structure are poorly understood. Warner and Ewing (1993) proposed that samarskite is anA3+B5+O4mineral with an atomic arrangement related to α-PbO2. X-ray diffraction analyses of the recrystallized type specimen of ishikawaite and the Ca-rich samarskite reveal that they have the same structure as samarskite-(Y) recrystallized at high temperatures. Electron microprobe analyses show that the only significant difference between samarskite-(Y), ishikawaite, and calciosamarskite lies in the occupancy of theA-site. TheA-site of samarskite-(Y) is dominated by Y+REEwhereas theA-site of ishikawaite is dominantly U+Th and calciosamarskite is dominantly Ca. Additionally, a comparison of these data to those of Warner and Ewing (1993) show that in several cases Fe2+or Fe3+are dominant in theA-site. We propose that the name samarskite-(REE+Y) should be used when one of these elements is dominant and that the mineral be named with the most abundant of these elements as a suffix. The name ishikawaite should be used only when U+Th are dominant and the name calciosamarskite should only be used when Ca is the dominant cation at theA-site. Finally, because of the inability to quantify the valence state of iron in these minerals, the exact nature of the valence state of iron in these minerals could not be determined in this study.
Interleukin-11 induces Th2 polarization of human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Curti Antonio , Ratta Marina , Corinti Silvia , Girolomoni Giampiero , Ricci Francesca , Tazzari Pierluigi , Siena Michela , Grande Alexis , Fogli Miriam , Tura Sante , Lemoli Roberto M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExploration of the immunomodulatory activities of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin-11 (IL-11) has prompted several therapeutic applications. The immunomodulatory effects of IL-11 on human antigen-presenting cells and on T cells were investigated. IL-11 inhibited IL-12 production by activated CD14+ monocytes, but not by mature dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated via CD40 ligation. Moreover, IL-11 did not affect either DC maturation, as demonstrated by phenotypic analysis and evaluation of cytokine production, or DC generation from progenitor cells in the presence of specific growth factors. Molecular analysis demonstrated the expression of IL-11 receptor messenger RNA in highly purified CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD8+, and CD4+T cells, and CD4+CD45RA+ naive T lymphocytes. In keeping with this finding, IL-11 directly prevented Th1 polarization of highly purified CD4+CD45RA+naive T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, as demonstrated by significant increases of IL-4 and IL-5, by significantly decreased interferon-γ production and by flow cytometry intracellular staining of cytokines. Coincubation of naive T cells with DCs, the most potent stimulators of Th1 differentiation, did not revert IL-11–mediated Th2 polarization. Furthermore, parallel experiments demonstrated that the activity of IL-11 was comparable with that induced by IL-4, the most effective Th2-polarizing cytokine. Taken together, these findings show that IL-11 inhibits Th1 polarization by exerting a direct effect on human T lymphocytes and by reducing IL-12 production by macrophages. Conversely, IL-11 does not exert any activity on DCs. This suggests that IL-11 could have therapeutic potential for diseases where Th1 responses play a dominant pathogenic role.
Ex vivo priming for long-term maintenance of antileukemia human cytotoxic T cells suggests a general procedure for adoptive immunotherapy
Authors: Montagna Daniela , Maccario Rita , Locatelli Franco , Rosti Vittorio , Yang Young , Farness Peggy , Moretta Antonia , Comoli Patrizia , Montini Enrica , Vitiello Antonella 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAdoptive cellular immunotherapy has proven to be a successful approach in preventing and curing cytomegalovirus infection and Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphomas after bone marrow transplantation. Translation of this approach for preventing leukemia relapse after bone marrow transplantation might require ex vivo priming and long-term maintenance of leukemia blast-specific T cells. To accomplish this goal, procedures were optimized for the in vitro priming of naive CD8 using dendritic cells activated by CD40 ligation, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-7. Using T lymphocytes and dendritic cells obtained from HLA-matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation donors and leukemia blasts as a source of tumor antigens, anti–acute myeloid leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced. In these experiments, it was found that though it is possible to induce CTLs using immature dendritic cells, IL-12, and IL-7, obtaining long-term CTLs requires the presence of CD4 T cells in the priming phase. Using this approach, long-term antileukemia CTL lines could be generated from 4 of 4 bone marrow donors. Because this procedure does not require definition of the target antigen and because it selects responding cells from a virgin T-cell repertoire, its general application is suggested in adoptive immunotherapy and in the definition of tumor rejection antigens.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model requires human platelet factor 4 and platelet activation through FcγRIIA
Authors: Reilly Michael P. , Taylor Scott M. , Hartman Nealie K. , Arepally Gowthami M. , Sachais Bruce S. , Cines Douglas B. , Poncz Mortimer , McKenzie Steven E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT/HITT) is a severe, life-threatening complication that occurs in 1% to 3% of patients exposed to heparin. Interactions between heparin, human platelet factor 4 (hPF4), antibodies to the hPF4/heparin complex, and the platelet Fc receptor (FcR) for immunoglobulin G, FcγRIIA, are the proposed primary determinants of the disease on the basis of in vitro studies. The goal of this study was to create a mouse model that recapitulates the disease process in humans in order to understand the factors that predispose some patients to develop thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and to investigate new therapeutic approaches. Mice that express both human platelet FcγRIIA and hPF4 were generated. The FcγRIIA/hPF4 mice and controls, transgenic for either FcγRIIA or hPF4, were injected with KKO, a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for hPF4/heparin complexes, and then received heparin (20 U/d). Nadir platelet counts for KKO/heparin–treated FcγRIIA/hPF4 mice were 80% below baseline values, significantly different (P &lt; .001) from similarly treated controls. FcγRIIA/hPF4 mice injected with KKO and 50 U/d heparin developed shock and showed fibrin-rich thrombi in multiple organs, including thrombosis in the pulmonary vasculature. This is the first mouse model of HIT to recapitulate the salient features of the human disease and demonstrates that FcγRIIA and hPF4 are both necessary and sufficient to replicate HIT/HITT in an animal model. This model should facilitate the identification of factors that modulate disease expression and the testing of novel therapeutic interventions.
The AKT kinase is activated in multiple myeloma tumor cells
Authors: Hsu Jung-hsin , Shi Yijiang , Krajewski Stanislaw , Renner Stephen , Fisher Myrna , Reed John C. , Franke Thomas F. , Lichtenstein Alan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on archived bone marrow (BM) with a phosphospecific anti-AKT antibody. IHC on 26 BM biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) demonstrated phospho-AKT staining of malignant plasma cells in a cell membrane–specific pattern, whereas nonmalignant hematopoietic cells did not stain. Preabsorption of the antibody with phosphorylated AKT peptide, but not nonphosphorylated peptide, abrogated staining. Frequency of plasma cell staining in BMs of patients with stage I or smoldering MM was significantly less than that of stage III MM marrows. Plasma cells in 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance were not stained by the antibody. To investigate the significance of AKT activation, 2 cell lines initiated from cultures of primary MM cells were also studied. Both demonstrated constitutive AKT activation. Interruption of AKT activation and activity, achieved by either exposure to wortmannin or by ectopic expression of a dominant negative AKT mutant, resulted in inhibition of MM cell growth in vitro. These results indicate that activation of the AKT kinase is a characteristic of MM cells and suggest that AKT activity is important for MM cell expansion.
α1-Acid glycoprotein expressed in the plasma of chronic myeloid leukemia patients does not mediate significant in vitro resistance to STI571
Authors: Jørgensen Heather G. , Elliott Moira A. , Allan Elaine K. , Carr Christine E. , Holyoake Tessa L. , Smith Kevin D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Despite the efficacy of STI571 (Glivec, Novartis, Basle, Switzerland) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), drug resistance has already been noted both in vitro and in vivo. As plasma proteins, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), may reduce drug efficacy through binding, AGP was investigated for its ability to interact with STI571.
At all stages of CML, AGP plasma level was significantly higher than in normal controls (P &lt; .05). The glycoprotein was purified from normal plasma and individual chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients' plasma by low-pressure chromatography. The influence of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), in the presence of STI571, on the proliferation of Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) cells was examined. Normal AGP, even at supraphysiological concentrations, did not block the effect of STI571 on K562-cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, CML-derived AGP failed to block the effect of STI571 on Ph+ cells in vitro. Thus, these in vitro findings suggest that AGP will not abrogate the antileukemic activity of STI571.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Arising in Bone in Children and Adolescents Is Associated With an Excellent Outcome: A Children’s Cancer Group Report
Authors: Lones Mark A. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Sposto Richard , Tedeschi Nicole , Kadin Marshall E. , Kjeldsberg Carl R. , Wilson John F. , Zwick David L. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) arising in bone is a heterogeneous histologic type of NHL that includes large-cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and small noncleaved-cell lymphoma. NHL arising in bone is well recognized in adults but is less well characterized and infrequent in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) studies treating children and adolescents with NHL over a 20-year period (CCG-551, CCG-501, CCG-502, CCG-503, CCG-552, CCG-5911, and CCG-5941) and determined the response and event-free survival (EFS) rates in 31 patients with NHL arising in bone. RESULTS: The patients ranged in age from 3 to 17 years (median, 11 years; mean, 11 years), and 64.5% were male. All 31 (100%) patients achieved complete response. For 31 patients with NHL arising in bone, the product-limit estimated 5-year EFS was 83.8% ± 6.7%. EFS in 17 patients with localized disease (Murphy stages I and II) was 94.1% ± 5.7%, and EFS in 14 patients with disseminated disease (Murphy stage III) was 70.7% ± 12.4% (log-rank P = .10). EFS in 17 patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation was 70.1% ± 11.2%, and EFS in 14 patients treated with chemotherapy without radiation was 100% (P = .03). EFS in 26 patients with histology-directed treatment (LSA2-L2 or ADCOMP for lymphoblastic, other therapy for nonlymphoblastic) was 92.2% ± 5.3%, and in five patients with nonhistology-directed treatment it was 40.0% ± 21.9% (P < .001). CONCLUSION: NHL arising in bone is a heterogeneous type of NHL that makes up approximately 2.0% of NHL in children and adolescents on CCG studies. Response and survival in this young age group seem superb, with histology-directed treatment protocols without radiation in both localized and disseminated disease.