bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Application of the LC-LSTM Framework to the Self-esteem Instability Case
Authors: Alessandri Guido , Vecchione Michele , Donnellan Brent M. , Tisak John 
Published: March 2013

The present research evaluates the stability of self-esteem as assessed by a daily version of the Rosenberg (Society and the adolescent self-image, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1965) general self-esteem scale (RGSE). The scale was administered to 391 undergraduates for five consecutive days. The longitudinal data were analyzed using the integrated LC-LSTM framework that allowed us to evaluate: (1) the measurement invariance of the RGSE, (2) its stability and change across the 5-day assessment period, (3) the amount of variance attributable to stable and transitory latent factors, and (4) the criterion-related validity of these factors. Results provided evidence for measurement invariance, mean-level stability, and rank-order stability of daily self-esteem. Latent state-trait analyses revealed that variances in scores of the RGSE can be decomposed into six components: stable self-esteem (40 %), ephemeral (or temporal-state) variance (36 %), stable negative method variance (9 %), stable positive method variance (4 %), specific variance (1 %) and random error variance (10 %). Moreover, latent factors associated with daily self-esteem were associated with measures of depression, implicit self-esteem, and grade point average.
Effect of a Spacer Group on Surface Activity, Salinity and Hardness Tolerance, Mimic Oil Washing Efficiency of Monododecyl Diaryl Disulfonate
Authors: Xing Fengmei , Niu Jinping , Liu Xiaochen , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThree anionic surfactants of the monododecyl diaryl disulfonate type (MDDADS‐n, n = 0, 1, 2) were synthesized. The structural characters of MDDADS‐n surfactants were verified by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. The effect of the spacer group on the surface activity, salinity and hardness tolerance and mimic oil washing efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC, C20 and the minimum area per molecule of the anionic surfactants increased when the spacer group length increased. There was less effect on mimic oil washing efficiency of MDDADS‐n when the spacer group changed; meanwhile, they displayed higher mimic oil washing efficiency in salt solution (NaCl or CaCl2) than that of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS); all MDDADS‐n surfactants showed much lower sensitivity to water hardness than SDBS, what would be beneficial to enhancing oil recovery in a high salinity oil field.
Crude bark extract of Dysozylum alliarium induces alteration in histological structures and VEGF‐C expression in uterus during days 4–7 of gestation in albino rat
Authors: Das Moushumi , Saikia Purba Jyoti , Sarma Hirendra N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeCrude bark extract (CBE) of Dysoxylum alliarium was tested in vivo for its effects on rat uterus during estrus and day 4–7 of gestation. The purpose is to study the effects of CBE on embryo implantation and VEGF‐C expression during peri‐implantation period to find out possible role of VEGF‐C and embryo implantation.MethodsThreshold was determined by multiple‐dose administration of CBE. CBE prepared in methanol was orally administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg/day to female rats during day 1–7 of gestation. Routine H&E histology of uteri was studied during estrus phase and days 4–7 of gestation. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐C) was studied immunohistochemically and via western blot using VEGF‐C antibody.ResultsThe crude bark extract induced the structural aberration of uterine histology in cyclic stage and during peri‐implantation. Cellular degeneration of embryo and supporting maternal tissue caused loss of embryo minimizing the litter size. Expression of VEGF‐C was drastically reduced in the CBE treated females’ uteri than that of the controls.ConclusionsCBE contains potential compounds capable of fertility control as post‐coital contraceptive. Effects of CBE on embryo and foetal‐maternal interface either mediated through reduced VEGF‐C expression or vice versa.
An alternative view of generalized Lagrangian mean theory
Authors: Salmon Rick 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIf the variables describing wave–mean flow interactions are chosen to include a set of fluid–particle labels corresponding to the mean flow, then the generalized Lagrangian mean (GLM) theory takes the form of an ordinary classical field theory. Its only truly distinctive features then arise from the distinctive feature of fluid dynamicsas a field theory, namely, the particle-relabelling symmetry property, which corresponds by Noether’s theorem to the many vorticity conservation laws of fluid mechanics. The key feature of the formulation is thatallthe dependent variables depend on a common set of space–time coordinates. This feature permits an easy and transparent derivation of the GLM equations by use of the energy–momentum tensor formalism. The particle-relabelling symmetry property leads to the GLM potential vorticity law in which pseudo-momentum is the only wave activity term present. Thus the particle-relabelling symmetry explains the prominent importance of pseudo-momentum in GLM theory.
Stationary plume induced by carbon dioxide dissolution
Authors: Nadal F. , Meunier P. , Pouligny B. , Laurichesse E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, laminar convection flows induced by carbon dioxide absorption are addressed from experimental, numerical and theoretical points of view. A vertical glass tube (of centimetre scale) filled with distilled water is subjected to a sudden increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. As a result of the diffusion of the gas into the unsaturated solution, a thin layer of fluid located underneath the surface becomes heavier. This initial density gradient first destabilizes to form a plume, which goes downwards through the entire cell. After a first transient pulsating regime (periodic succession of such Rayleigh–Bénard plumes), a stationary flow settles in the tube, which is maintained by the constant supply of gas at the surface. At late stages, this stationary regime is followed by an aperiodic regime, which lasts until the complete saturation of the solution (thermodynamic equilibrium). The present study only focuses on the stationary regime, whose characteristics appear to be almost independent of the Bond number and the aspect ratio but strongly dependent on the chemical Rayleigh number. Three decades of Rayleigh numbers are explored using particle image velocimetry measurements, which allows for a precise determination of the scaling exponents for the vertical velocity amplitude and the plume width. The assumption that gravity and a constant pressure gradient balance the viscous effects enables us to derive an analytic expression for the stationary vertical velocity on the axis, which scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{2/ 3} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $. As a consequence, the width of the plume scales as ${\mathit{Ra}}^{- 1/ 6} \mathop{(\ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{- 1/ 3} $ and the mass Nusselt number as $\mathop{(\mathit{Ra}/ \ln \mathit{Ra})}\nolimits ^{1/ 3} $. These scalings are in excellent agreement with the experimental and numerical results. The multiplicative constants of these scalings can also be calculated and show a fairly good agreement if a rigid boundary condition (no-slip) is assumed at the free surface.
The shape stability of a lipid vesicle in a uniaxial extensional flow
Authors: Zhao Hong , Shaqfeh Eric S. G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dynamics of a lipid vesicle in a uniaxial extensional flow are investigated by using a spectral boundary integral equation method. The vesicle at its stationary state assumes an axisymmetric shape of mirror symmetry, with its surface velocity vanishing everywhere. When the reduced volume of the vesicle is less than 0.75, there exists a critical capillary number, beyond which the stationary shape is unstable. The most unstable mode breaks the mirror symmetry of the shape so that the vesicle deforms into a dumbbell shape with two unequally sized ends. This is followed by the formation of a thin tube bridging the two dumbbell ends, whose length increases with time. The numerical results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Flow over a flat plate with uniform inlet and incident coherent gusts
Authors: Afgan Imran , Benhamadouche Sofiane , Han Xingsi , Sagaut Pierre , Laurence Dominique 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe flow over a flat plate at a Reynolds number of 750 is numerically investigated via fine large-eddy simulation (LES), first at normal ($90\textdegree $) and then at oblique ($45\textdegree $) incidence flow direction with a uniform steady inlet. The results are in complete agreement with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental data, thereby serving as a validation for the present simulations. For the normal ($90\textdegree $) uniform inflow case, coherent vortices are alternately shed from both leading edges of the plate, whereas for the oblique ($45\textdegree $) uniform inflow case the vortices shed from the two sides of the plate interact strongly resulting in a quasi-periodic force response. The normal flat plate is then analysed with an incident gust signal with varying amplitude and time period. For these incident coherent gust cases, a reference test case with variable coherent inlet is first studied and the results are compared to a steady inlet simulation, with a detailed analysis of the flow behaviour and the wake response under the incident gust. Finally, the flat plate response to 16 different gust profiles is studied. A transient drag reconstruction for these incident coherent gust cases is then presented based on a frequency-dependent transfer function and phase spectrum analysis.
Lift and the leading-edge vortex
Authors: Pitt Ford C. W. , Babinsky H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFlapping wings often feature a leading-edge vortex (LEV) that is thought to enhance the lift generated by the wing. Here the lift on a wing featuring a leading-edge vortex is considered by performing experiments on a translating flat-plate aerofoil that is accelerated from rest in a water towing tank at a fixed angle of attack of 15°. The unsteady flow is investigated with dye flow visualization, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and force measurements. Leading- and trailing-edge vortex circulation and position are calculated directly from the velocity vectors obtained using PIV. In order to determine the most appropriate value of bound circulation, a two-dimensional potential flow model is employed and flow fields are calculated for a range of values of bound circulation. In this way, the value of bound circulation is selected to give the best fit between the experimental velocity field and the potential flow field. Early in the trajectory, the value of bound circulation calculated using this potential flow method is in accordance with Kelvin’s circulation theorem, but differs from the values predicted by Wagner’s growth of bound circulation and the Kutta condition. Later the Kutta condition is established but the bound circulation remains small; most of the circulation is contained instead in the LEVs. The growth of wake circulation can be approximated by Wagner’s circulation curve. Superimposing the non-circulatory lift, approximated from the potential flow model, and Wagner’s lift curve gives a first-order approximation of the measured lift. Lift is generated by inertial effects and the slow buildup of circulation, which is contained in shed vortices rather than bound circulation.
Structural sensitivity of spiral vortex breakdown
Authors: Qadri Ubaid Ali , Mistry Dhiren , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrevious numerical simulations have shown that vortex breakdown starts with the formation of a steady axisymmetric bubble and that an unsteady spiralling mode then develops on top of this. We investigate this spiral mode with a linear global stability analysis around the steady bubble and its wake. We obtain the linear direct and adjoint global modes of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations and overlap these to obtain the structural sensitivity of the spiral mode, which identifies the wavemaker region. We also identify regions of absolute instability with a local stability analysis. At moderate swirls, we find that the $m= - 1$ azimuthal mode is the most unstable and that the wavemaker regions of the $m= - 1$ mode lie around the bubble, which is absolutely unstable. The mode is most sensitive to feedback involving the radial and azimuthal components of momentum in the region just upstream of the bubble. To a lesser extent, the mode is also sensitive to feedback involving the axial component of momentum in regions of high shear around the bubble. At an intermediate swirl, in which the bubble and wake have similar absolute growth rates, other researchers have found that the wavemaker of the nonlinear global mode lies in the wake. We agree with their analysis but find that the regions around the bubble are more influential than the wake in determining the growth rate and frequency of the linear global mode. The results from this paper provide the first steps towards passive control strategies for spiral vortex breakdown.
Capillary-wave scattering from an infinitesimal barrier and dissipation at dynamic contact lines
Authors: Zhang Likun , Thiessen David B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe interaction of pure capillary waves with boundaries that constrain the contact line are of interest for problems involving liquids contained by minimal solid contact for applications in low gravity and at small scales in normal gravity. Time-harmonic capillary waves on a liquid cylinder axially incident on and scattered by an infinitesimal concentric barrier are considered theoretically in the inviscid limit. The barrier is taken to be infinitesimally small in the sense that its immersed depth is of the order of the amplitude of contact-line motion. Edge conditions on the barrier that are investigated include a pinned contact line and a moving contact line by an effective-slip model, assuming that contact-line velocity is proportional to the deviation of the contact angle from equilibrium multiplied by a slip coefficient. The incident waves are taken to be those with wavelengths short enough to be stable on the liquid cylinder. Scattering and dissipation by the contact line are determined as a function of wavenumber and slip coefficient. Zero transmission is approached in the long-wave limit. The short-wave limit agrees with established results for the scattering of planar gravity–capillary waves on a deep liquid by a surface-piercing vertical barrier in the limit of zero barrier depth and zero gravity. We find that contact-line dissipation at the barrier is a maximum for incident waves whose phase speed is of the order of the slip coefficient, which is interpreted as an effect of impedance matching. Transmission past an infinitesimal barrier is found to be low over all parameter space, illustrating the importance of contact-line constraints.
Stratified precessional flow in spherical geometry
Authors: Wei Xing , Tilgner Andreas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe investigate numerically, in spherical geometry, the interaction of stratification with precession. Both stable stratification and unstable stratification are studied. In the parameter regime we are concerned with, stable stratification suppresses the precessional instability, whereas unstable stratification and precession can either stabilize or destabilize each other at different precession rates.
Variability in glutenin subunit composition of Mediterranean durum wheat germplasm and its relationship with gluten strength
Authors: NAZCO R. , PEÑA R. J. , AMMAR K. , VILLEGAS D. , CROSSA J. , MORAGUES M. , ROYO C. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe allelic composition at five glutenin loci was assessed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS–PAGE) on a set of 155 landraces (from 21 Mediterranean countries) and 18 representative modern varieties. Gluten strength was determined by SDS-sedimentation on samples grown under rainfed conditions during 3 years in north-eastern Spain. One hundred and fourteen alleles/banding patterns were identified (25 at Glu-1 and 89 at Glu-2/Glu-3 loci); 0·85 of them were in landraces at very low frequency and 0·72 were unreported. Genetic diversity index was 0·71 for landraces and 0·38 for modern varieties. All modern varieties exhibited medium to strong gluten type with none of their 13 banding patterns having a significant effect on gluten-strength type. Ten banding patterns significantly affected gluten strength in landraces. Alleles Glu-B1e (band 20), Glu-A3a (band 6), Glu-A3d (bands 6 + 11), Glu-B3a (bands 2 + 4+15 + 19) and Glu-B2a (band 12) significantly increased the SDS-value, and their effects were associated with their frequency. Two alleles, Glu-A3b (band 5) and Glu-B2b (null), significantly reduced gluten strength, but only the effect of the latter locus could be associated with its frequency. Only three rare banding patterns affected gluten strength significantly: Glu-B1a (band 7), found in six landraces, had a negative effect, whereas banding patterns 2 + 4+14 + 15 + 18 and 2 + 4+15 + 18 + 19 at Glu-B3 had a positive effect. Landraces with outstanding gluten strength were more frequent in eastern than in western Mediterranean countries. The geographical pattern displayed from the frequencies of Glu-A1c is discussed.
Speculative Retail Trading and Asset Prices
Authors: Han Bing , Kumar Alok 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the characteristics and pricing of stocks that are actively traded by speculative retail investors. We find that stocks with high retail trading proportion (RTP) have strong lottery features and they attract retail investors with strong gambling propensity. Furthermore, these stocks tend to be overpriced and earn significantly negative alpha. The average monthly return differential between the extreme RTP quintiles is −0.60%. This negative RTP premium is stronger among stocks that have lottery features or arelocated in regions where people exhibit stronger gambling propensity. Collectively, these results indicate that speculative retail trading affects stock prices.
THz generation by the beating of two high intense laser beams
Authors: NAFIL RABEA Q. , SINGH MONIKA , AL-JANABI A. H. , SHARMA R. P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe nonlinear coupling of two high-power laser beams in plasmas in the presence of a transverse, static electric field is investigated to generate a difference frequency terahertz (THz) radiation. The relativistic variation of electron mass in the presence of two high-power laser beams is responsible for producing a nonlinear current driving the THz radiation. For typical laser and plasma parameters, we report the efficiency of the order of ~10−4 for the current scheme.
Mucosal trapping and degradation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis occurs in the absence of STAT6
Authors: VAN PANHUYS NICHOLAS , CAMBERIS MALI , YAMADA MINORU , TEGOSHI TATSUYA , ARIZONO NAOKI , LE GROS GRAHAM 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYHookworms represent a major infectious burden globally, especially in developing countries. The murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is normally cleared in a manner dependent on IL-13, IL4-R and STAT6 signalling. Here we have used STAT6-deficient animals to model a non-resistant population and describe 2 novel STAT6-independent processes for the clearance of N. brasiliensis. During primary infection STAT6−/− animals are able to clear gut-dwelling N. brasiliensis by a mechanism involving the trapping and degradation of worms in the gut mucosa. Here, a previously undescribed STAT6-independent up-regulation of Relm-β was observed which correlated with the mucosal trapping and degradation of worms. Previous studies have indicated that during secondary infection STAT6 deficient animals fail to expel adult worms and remain susceptible to re-infection and long-term colonization of the gut. We report here that an initial partially protective response occurs early upon re-infection in the absence of STAT6, and that a late-phase protective secondary response arises in the gut of STAT6-deficient mice leading to the clearance of the majority of N. brasiliensis, through their trapping and death in the mucosal layer of the lower region of the small intestine. These findings show that there are a number of redundant effector pathways which act to reduce worm burden in the gut which can be activated by mechanisms that do not work through the dominant STAT6 signalling pathway and may be useful as targets for future vaccination strategies against resistant hookworm strains.
Experimental results for the flexible joint cable-suspended manipulator of ICaSbot
Authors: Korayem M. H. , Bamdad M. , Tourajizadeh H. , Korayem A. H. , Zehtab R. M. , Shafiee H. , Arvani A. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, design, dynamic, and control of the motors of a spatial cable robot are presented considering flexibility of the joints. End-effector control in order to control all six spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the system and motor control in order to control the joints flexibility are proposed here. Corresponding programing of its operation is done by formulating the kinematics and dynamics and also control of the robot. Considering the existence of gearboxes, flexibility of the joints is modeled in the feed-forward term of its controller to achieve better accuracy. A two sequential closed-loop strategy consisting of proportional derivative (PD) for linear actuators in joint space and computed torque method for nonlinear end-effector in Cartesian space is presented for further accuracy. Flexibility is estimated using modeling and simulation by MATLAB and SimDesigner. A prototype has been built and experimental tests have been done to verify the efficiency of the proposed modeling and controller as well as the effect of flexibility of the joints. The ICaSbot (IUST Cable-Suspended robot) is an under-constrained six-DOF parallel robot actuated by the aid of six suspended cables. An experimental test is conducted for the manufactured flexible joint cable robot of ICaSbot and the outputs of sensors are compared with simulation. The efficiency of the proposed schemes is demonstrated.
Colonization of forest clearings and tree-fall gaps in lowland rain forests of Colombia by hemiepiphytic aroids: experimental and transect studies
Authors: Benavides Ana María , Wolf Jan H. D. , Duivenvoorden Joost F. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract:The contribution of vegetative recruitment by non-tree species to the regeneration of tropical forests in man-made clearings or tree-fall gaps tends to be ignored. In a series of field studies near Amacayacu, Colombian Amazonia, we tested if hemiepiphytic aroids quickly colonize such open habitats through seed dispersal, sprouting plant fragments, or lateral invasion of flagellar aroids from the closed forest nearby. A seed germination experiment applying two soil substrates and three shade levels showed that abundant light reduced the germination success of three Philodendron species. A total of 400 cuttings from five Philodendron species were placed in forest clearings and almost 12% of these sprouted within 14 wk. Monitoring more than 2000 aroid plants over 14 mo in different habitats showed that recruitment was low (0.3 plants per 10 m2) compared with initial densities (3.1 plants per 10 m2). Flagellar aroids grew about 2.5 times faster than non-flagellar aroids. In forest edges they reached a mean apical growth of 98 cm in 14 mo. However, non-flagellar aroids were five to six times more abundant than flagellar individuals everywhere. It was concluded that hemiepiphytic aroids colonize open habitats mostly through a post-disturbance survival of plants or plant fragments.