bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous TiO2: Preparation, Doping, and as a Composite for Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fu Honggang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMesoporous materials are widely used in solar cells, lithium‐ion batteries, sensors, and supercapacitors. Mesoporous TiO2 is also highly active in photocatalysis, owing to the benefits of the mesoporous network in promoting the diffusion of the reactants and products, as well as in facilitating access to the reactive sites on the surface of the photocatalysts. This Minireview focuses on the development of mesoporous TiO2, metal/nonmetal‐doped mesoporous TiO2 networks, and mesoporous TiO2 composites. The design and synthesis of mesoporous TiO2, including the formation of various mesostructured frameworks, pore‐size control, large‐pore‐size fabrication, and highly thermally stable mesoporous‐network formation, are described in detail. From an application viewpoint, the subsequent fabrication of doped and multifunctional heterojunctions in mesoporous TiO2 is necessary for further improving its photocatalytic performance. The doping of mesoporous TiO2 with metals or nonmetals could extend the absorption edge into the visible‐light spectrum and improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The fabrication of mesoporous TiO2 composites, especially heterojunctions, could make full use of the characteristics of each component for improving the overall photocatalytic performance. In view of this fact, mesoporous TiO2 still possesses significant room for development in photocatalysis and is worthy of greater attention in the future.
Investigation on the Levels of Heavy Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage Sludge Samples and Ecotoxicological Testing
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Tor Ali , Aydin Mehmet Emin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports the levels of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludges taken from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Konya (Turkey) as well as their toxicity. The concentrations of heavy metals, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn in sludge samples from plant #2 did not exceed the limits described in both Turkish and European Union (EU) regulations. The similar result was observed in samples obtained from plant #1, except for sludge taken in May 2010. The ΣPAHs concentration ranging from 960 to 7680 µg/kg dry matter shows that sewage sludges from plant #1 could be used for agricultural purpose. However, sewage sludges from plant #2 (ΣPAHs: 1077–17 509 µg/kg dry matter) was not suitable for using in agriculture. The concentrations of ΣPCBs in all investigated sludges from plant #1 (7.46–709.36 µg/kg dry matter) and plant #2 (14.12–788.47 µg/kg dry matter) were lower than the limits reported in Turkish and EU regulations. The probable sources of PAHs and PCBs in sludges were also determined. The ecotoxicological tests examined on Vibrio fischeri and Lepidium sativum organisms showed that sludges from plant #1 had no significant toxic effect, while sludges from plant #2 had acute toxic property. Finally, all the results showed that sewage sludges from plant #1 had potential for being used in agriculture.
Gadolinium‐ and Manganite‐Based Contrast Agents with Fluorescent Probes for Both Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging of Pancreatic Islets: A Comparative Study
Authors: Berkova Zuzana , Jirak Daniel , Zacharovova Klara , Lukes Ivan , Kotkova Zuzana , Kotek Jan , Kacenka Michal , Kaman Ondrej , Rehor Ivan , Hajek Milan , Saudek Frantisek 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree magnetic resonance (MR)/fluorescence imaging probes were tested for visualization, cellular distribution, and survival of labeled pancreatic islets in vitro and following transplantation. As T1 contrast agents (CAs), gadolinium(III) complexes linked to β‐cyclodextrin (Gd‐F‐βCD) or bound to titanium dioxide (TiO2@RhdGd) were tested. As a T2 CA, perovskite manganite nanoparticles (LSMO@siF@si) were examined. Fluorescein or rhodamine was incorporated as a fluorescent marker in all probes. Islets labeled with gadolinium(III) CAs were visible as hyperintense spots on MR in vitro, but detection in vivo was inconclusive. Islets labeled with LSMO@siF@si CA were clearly visible as hypointense spots or areas on MR scans in vitro as well as in vivo. All CAs were detected inside the islet cells by fluorescence. Although the vitality and function of the labeled islets was not impaired by any of the tested CAs, results indicate that LSMO@siF@si CA is a superior marker for islet labeling, as it provides better contrast enhancement within a shorter scan time.
UR‐144 in products sold via the Internet: Identification of related compounds and characterization of pyrolysis products
Authors: Kavanagh Pierce , Grigoryev Andrej , Savchuk Sergey , Mikhura Irina , Formanovsky Andrew 
Published: January 2013

The synthetic cannabinoid, UR‐144 ((1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)(2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone), was identified in commercial ‘legal high’ products (herbal, resin, and powder). Along with this, six related compounds were detected. The most abundant one (2.1) was identified as 4‐hydroxy‐3,3,4‐trimethyl‐1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)pentan‐1‐one, a product of the electrophilic addition of water to the cyclopropane moiety in UR‐144. Compound 2.1 was found to be undergo cyclisation which leads to the formation of two additional interconvertable compounds (2.3, tentatively identified as 1‐pentyl‐3‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indole which is stable only in absence of water and also observed as GC artifact) and 2.2, a protonated derivative of 2.3 which is formed in acidic solutions. The remaining compounds were identified as possible degradation products of the group 2 compounds (4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐one and 1‐pentylindoline‐2,3‐dione) and intermediates or by‐products from the synthesis of UR‐144 ((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)(2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, 1‐pentyl‐1H‐indole and 1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)hexan‐1‐one).Pyrolysis of herbal products containing the group 2 compounds or UR‐144 resulted in the formation of 3,3,4‐trimethyl‐1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)pent‐4‐en‐1‐one (3). This was confirmed by separate pyrolysis of 2.1 and UR‐144. Also, the two additional minor compounds, 1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethanone and 1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)propan‐1‐one, were detected. Pathways for these transformations are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WNT10B/β‐catenin signalling induces HMGA2 and proliferation in metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wend Peter , Runke Stephanie , Wend Korinna , Anchondo Brenda , Yesayan Maria , Jardon Meghan , Hardie Natalie , Loddenkemper Christoph , Ulasov Ilya , Lesniak Maciej S. , Wolsky Rebecca , Bentolila Laurent A. , Grant Stephen G. , Elashoff David , Lehr Stephan , Latimer Jean J. , Bose Shikha , Sattar Husain , Krum Susan A. , Miranda‐Carboni Gustavo A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signalling has been suggested to be active in basal‐like breast cancer. However, in highly aggressive metastatic triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC) the role of β‐catenin and the underlying mechanism(s) for the aggressiveness of TNBC remain unknown. We illustrate that WNT10B induces transcriptionally active β‐catenin in human TNBC and predicts survival‐outcome of patients with both TNBC and basal‐like tumours. We provide evidence that transgenic murine Wnt10b‐driven tumours are devoid of ERα, PR and HER2 expression and can model human TNBC. Importantly, HMGA2 is specifically expressed during early stages of embryonic mammogenesis and absent when WNT10B expression is lost, suggesting a developmentally conserved mode of action. Mechanistically, ChIP analysis uncovered that WNT10B activates canonical β‐catenin signalling leading to up‐regulation of HMGA2. Treatment of mouse and human triple‐negative tumour cells with two Wnt/β‐catenin pathway modulators or siRNA to HMGA2 decreases HMGA2 levels and proliferation. We demonstrate that WNT10B has epistatic activity on HMGA2, which is necessary and sufficient for proliferation of TNBC cells. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression predicts relapse‐free‐survival and metastasis in TNBC patients.
Der Daten‐Flüsterer
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInnovationen für die Mobilkommunikation: Der Erlanger Nachrichtentechniker und Humboldt‐Professor Robert Schober arbeitet an der Schnittstelle von Grundlagenforschung und industrieller Anwendung / „Nichts ist praktischer als eine gute Theorie.”︁
„In den Köpfen und Herzen der Wissenschaft”︁ / „Erfolgreicher Sachwalter und Botschafter”︁
Authors: Finetti Marco , Unterstell Rembert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractZwischen Exzellenzinitiative und Gleichstellungstandards, Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutschland und der weiten Welt: Sechs Jahre lang stand Matthias Kleiner an der Spitze der DFG. Zum Abschied ein Gespräch über Erreichtes und Unerreichtes, über Veränderungen in intensiven Zeiten und über Zukunftspläne und gute Wünsche.
A latent class analysis of psychological disturbance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Marsiske Michael , Bowers Dawn 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivePsychological symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Psychological symptoms do not respond to psychotropic medications as well in patients with PD as in patients with psychiatric illnesses who do not have PD. Evidence that PD patients can be classified into distinct psychological symptom subgroups is conflicting. This study sought to examine potential psychological heterogeneity in PD with a broader range of instruments than has been used in previous studies.MethodsA comprehensive battery of psychological measures assessing dysphoria, apathy, anhedonia, anxiety, and negative affect was administered to 95 PD patients without global cognitive impairment. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients based on continuous variables derived from the psychological battery. Multinomial regression was used to examine predictors of classification.ResultsThe latent class analysis identified three subgroups with incremental levels of psychopathology across most symptom domains. One exception was a greater level of affective flattening in the “psychologically healthy” group compared with the “moderate symptoms” group. Greater motor dysfunction and less education were associated with greater severity of psychological symptoms.ConclusionsThese results support high psychological co‐morbidity in PD, which complicates the treatment of individual symptoms. In addition, emotional blunting and anhedonia may be less indicative of widespread psychological distress than anxiety, dysphoria, and cognitive aspects of apathy. Clinicians should be aware that PD patients with greater motor dysfunction and less education are at greater risk not only for depression but also for a variety of other psychological symptoms that may not be routinely assessed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Raf/Pyk2 by growth factor-mediated Eph receptor 2 (EphA2) is required for cholangiocarcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Cui Xiang-Dan , Lee Mi-Jin , Kim Jong-Hyun , Hao Pei-Pei , Liu Lan , Yu Goung-Ran , Kim Dae-Ghon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Eph receptor 2 (EphA2) overexpression is frequently accompanied by the loss of its cognate ligand during tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanism of this ligand-independent promotion of tumor by EphA2 remains unclear in highly malignant and fatal cholangiocarcinoma (CC). We examined the biological role of EphA2 in tumor growth and metastasis in CC tissues and cells according to the degree of differentiation and we explored the downstream signaling pathways of EphA2. Growth factor-mediated EphA2 overexpression itself leads to the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways through ligand-independent activation of EphA2 (phosphorylation of S897). An

in vitro

soft agar assay and

in vivo

orthotopic or subcutaneous tumor model showed that EphA2 enhanced colony formation and accelerated tumor growth, and which seemed to be mainly associated with Akt (T308)/mTORC1 activation. Aberrant expression and activation of EphA2 was also associated with poorer differentiation and higher metastatic ability. Enhanced metastatic ability was also observed in an orthotopic tumor model or lung metastasis model, correlating with Pyk2(Y402)/c-Src/ERK activation in addition to activation of the canonical Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. The mTORC1 and Raf/Pyk2 pathways also appeared to affect each other. These results suggest that growth factor-mediated EphA2 might be involved in tumor growth and metastasis through activation of the mTORC1 and Raf/Pyk2 pathways. Therapeutic strategies that target EphA2 and its downstream effectors may be useful to control CC.
Canonical Notch2 signaling determines biliary cell fates of embryonic hepatoblasts and adult hepatocytes independent of Hes1
Authors: Jeliazkova Petia , Jörs Simone , Lee Marcel , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Ferrer Jorge , Schmid Roland M. , Siveke Jens T. , Geisler Fabian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Notch signaling through the Notch2 receptor is essential for normal biliary tubulogenesis during liver development. However, the signaling events downstream of Notch2 critical for this process are less well defined. Furthermore, whether Notch signaling also underlies adult hepatic cell fate decisions is largely unknown. By implementing different genetic mouse models, we provide a comprehensive analysis that defines the role of Notch in cell fate control in the developing and adult liver. We show that cell-specific activation of Notch2 signaling by a

Notch2IC

(

N2IC

) transgene leads to rapid biliary specification of embryonic hepatoblasts, but also—when expressed in up to 6-month-old adult livers—rapidly reprograms adult hepatocytes to biliary cells with formation of tubular-cystic structures. When directed specifically to the adult biliary and facultative liver progenitor cell compartment, Notch2 is capable of inducing a ductular reaction. Furthermore, we characterized the significance of key effectors of canonical Notch signaling during normal development and in N2IC-expressing models. We demonstrate that tubule formation of intrahepatic bile ducts during embryonic development as well as N2IC-induced specification and morphogenesis of embryonic hepatoblasts and biliary conversion of adult hepatocytes all critically rely on canonical Notch signaling via recombination signal binding protein (RBP)-Jκ but do not require Hes1.

Conclusion

: Notch2 appears to be the main determinant not only of biliary commitment of embryonic hepatoblasts during development but also of biliary reprogramming of adult hepatocytes. Notch2-dictated cell fates and morphogenesis in both embryonic hepatoblasts and adult hepatocytes rely on canonical Notch signaling but do not require Hes1. Adult liver cells possess a remarkable plasticity to assume new cell fates when embryonic signaling pathways are active.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND VALIDATION OF WATER FLOW AND HEAT TRANSPORT IN A SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING HYDRUS‐2D
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Gong Shihong , Xu Di , Juan Sui , Mu Jianxin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are often recommended to overcome water scarcity in arid and semi‐arid regions. To properly manage SDI systems, precise prediction of distribution and transport of soil water content and temperature (important soil physical factors for plant growth) around the emitters must be known. In this paper, the computer software package HYDRUS‐2D was used to evaluate the distribution and transport of soil water content and temperature around an emitter in a silt loam soil. The model was validated by comparison with measured data from field experiments involving SDI with emitters installed at 25‐cm soil depths. Model performance in simulating soil moisture and temperature was evaluated by comparing measured and predicted values using three parameters: model efficiency (ME), root mean square deviation (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE). Values of ME, RMSE and MBE between measured and simulated soil moisture ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, 0.013 to 0.019 and 0.004 to 0.007 and between measured and simulated soil temperature ranged from 0.81 to 0.86, 0.97 to 1.33 and 0.13 to 0.28, respectively. Based on these values, it can be concluded that there was good correspondence between simulations and observations and the HYDRUS‐2D can be commendably used to describe soil water and heat transport properties involving SDI and also for investigating and designing drip irrigation management practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human cardiotoxic drugs delivered by soaking and microinjection induce cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Zhu Jun‐Jing , Xu Yi‐Qiao , He Jian‐Hui , Yu Hang‐Ping , Huang Chang‐Jiang , Gao Ji‐Min , Dong Qiao‐Xiang , Xuan Yao‐Xian , Li Chun‐Qi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCardiovascular toxicity is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and predictive screening models to identify and eliminate pharmaceuticals with the potential to cause cardiovascular toxicity in humans are urgently needed. In this study, taking advantage of the transparency of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio, we assessed cardiovascular toxicity of seven known human cardiotoxic drugs (aspirin, clomipramine hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, nimodipine, quinidine, terfenadine and verapamil hydrochloride) and two non‐cardiovascular toxicity drugs (gentamicin sulphate and tetracycline hydrochloride) in zebrafish using six specific phenotypic endpoints: heart rate, heart rhythm, pericardial edema, circulation, hemorrhage and thrombosis. All the tested drugs were delivered into zebrafish by direct soaking and yolk sac microinjection, respectively, and cardiovascular toxicity was quantitatively or qualitatively assessed at 4 and 24 h post drug treatment. The results showed that aspirin accelerated the zebrafish heart rate (tachycardia), whereas clomipramine hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, nimodipine, quinidine, terfenadine and verapamil hydrochloride induced bradycardia. Quinidine and terfenadine also caused atrioventricular (AV) block. Nimodipine treatment resulted in atrial arrest with much slower but regular ventricular heart beating. All the tested human cardiotoxic drugs also induced pericardial edema and circulatory disturbance in zebrafish. There was no sign of cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish treated with non‐cardiotoxic drugs gentamicin sulphate and tetracycline hydrochloride. The overall prediction success rate for cardiotoxic drugs and non‐cardiotoxic drugs in zebrafish were 100% (9/9) as compared with human results, suggesting that zebrafish is an excellent animal model for rapid in vivo cardiovascular toxicity screening. The procedures we developed in this report for assessing cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish were suitable for drugs delivered by either soaking or microinjection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early detection of renal injury using urinary vanin‐1 in rats with experimental colitis
Authors: Hosohata Keiko , Ando Hitoshi , Fujimura Akio 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRenal complications are often detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because conventional markers such as serum creatinine and β2‐microglobulin are not sensitive and/or specific, a new renal biomarker is needed. We have recently identified urinary vanin‐1 as an early biomarker for the detection of nephrotoxicant‐induced renal injury. In this study, we compared the usefulness of urinary vanin‐1 with other newly developed biomarkers [urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) and N‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG)] for the detection of renal complications in rats with experimental colitis. On day 2 after intracolonic injection of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), male Wistar rats developed not only colitis, but histologically evident renal injury. Urinary vanin‐1 started to elevate on day 1, whereas serum creatinine and urinary excretions of glucose, total protein, albumin, Kim‐1, MCP‐1 and NAG significantly increased only on day 2. The mRNA expressions of vanin‐1 and Kim‐1 significantly increased in the kidney, but not in the colon. In addition, vanin‐1 did not appear in the blood. On the other hand, colonic mRNA expression and the serum concentration of MCP‐1 were significantly higher in the TNBS‐treated rats than in the control animals. These results suggest that, in contrast to MCP‐1, urinary vanin‐1 and Kim‐1 mainly originated from the kidney rather than the colon in this model. Compared with Kim‐1 and MCP‐1, vanin‐1 might be an earlier biomarker for the detection of renal injury in rats with experimental colitis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Stability of Primary Rat Hepatocytes in Micropatterned Cocultures
Authors: Ukairo Okechukwu , Kanchagar Chitra , Moore Amanda , Shi Julianne , Gaffney Jeannemarie , Aoyama Simon , Rose Kelly , Krzyzewski Stacy , McGeehan Jack , Andersen Melvin E. , Khetani Salman R. , LeCluyse Edward L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPrimary hepatocytes display functional and structural instability in standard monoculture systems. We have previously developed a model in which primary hepatocytes are organized in domains of empirically optimized dimensions and surrounded by murine embryonic fibroblasts (HepatoPac™). Here, we assess the long‐term phenotype of freshly isolated and cryopreserved rat hepatocytes in a 96‐well HepatoPac format. The viability, cell polarity (actin microfilaments, bile canaliculi), and functions (albumin, urea, Phase I/II enzymes, transporters) of fresh and cryopreserved rat hepatocytes were retained in HepatoPac at similar levels for at least 4 weeks as opposed to rapidly declining over 5 days in collagen/Matrigel™ sandwich cultures. Pulse or continuous exposure of rat HepatoPac to GW‐7647, a selective agonist of PPARα, caused reproducible induction of CYP4A1 and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase over 4 weeks. In conclusion, rat HepatoPac in a 96‐well format can be used for chronic dosing of highly functional hepatocytes and assessment of perturbed hepatocellular pathways. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:204‐212, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21469
Identification and Characterization of the First Microsatellite Loci for the Thick‐Shelled River Mussel Unio crassus (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Sell Jerzy , Mioduchowska Monika , Kaczmarczyk Agnieszka , Szymańczak Robert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe thick‐shelled river mussel Unio crassus is critically endangered throughout its range as a result of increasing human activity and habitat loss. Next generation DNA sequencing was used to develop a set of microsatellite markers that can be used for future ecological and population genetics studies of U. crassus. A total of 11 polymorphic loci were identified and characterized using 57 individuals from two Polish populations. Numbers of alleles ranged from 2 to 15 and expected heterozygosity levels ranged from 0.069 to 0.899. Deficiency of heterozygous genotypes was observed in four loci. Marker independence was confirmed with tests for linkage disequilibrium, however, analyses indicated evidence of null alleles in four loci. The microsatellite markers developed specifically for U. crassus provide a valuable tool for future ecological, population genetic assessments, and conservation management of this species. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:113–116, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.