bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagoa Santa Revisited: An Overview of the Chronology, Subsistence, and Material Culture of Paleoindian Sites in Eastern Central Brazil
Authors: Araujo Astolfo G. M. , Neves Walter A. , Kipnis Renato 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLagoa Santa, a karstic area in eastern Central Brazil, has been subject to research on human paleontology and archaeology for 175 years. Almost 300 Paleoindian human skeletons have been found since Danish naturalist Peter Lund’s pioneering work. Even so, some critical issues such as the role of rockshelters in settlement systems, and the possible paleoclimatic implications of the peopling of the region have yet to be addressed. We present some results obtained from recent excavations at four rockshelters and two open-air sites, new dates for human Paleoindian skeletons, and a model to explain the cultural patterns observed so far. It is also argued that the Paleoindian subsistence system at Lagoa Santa was similar to other locations in South America: generalized small-game hunting complemented by fruits, seed, and root gathering.
Geometric Earthworks in the State of Acre, Brazil: Excavations at the Fazenda Atlântica and Quinauá Sites
Authors: Saunaluoma Sanna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGeometric earthworks located in the interfluvial zone of the Upper Purús and Madeira river tributaries in the southwestern Amazon are formed by ditches of varying shapes and sizes along with contiguous exterior embankments and roads terraced with low backfill banks. The earthworks in the Brazilian state of Acre were used from 1200 B.C. to the fourteenth century A.D., indicating a continuous, collective cultural institution, a generalized regional phenomenon characterized by local variants and alterations and probably not exclusively restricted to a specified ethnic group. The carefully planned position of the earthworks in the landscape and the recurring geometric forms represented in this earthwork architecture suggest functions that were part of a tradition of shared ideology related to rituals and/or the sociopolitical activities of ancient Amazonian peoples. Recent archaeological fieldwork on two composite earthwork sites, Fazenda Atlântica and Quinauá, situated in the core location of the geometric earthworks, provides further evidence for the predominantly ceremonial use of these constructions.
Tzinacamoztoc, Possible use of A Lava Tube as a Zenithal Observatory Near Cantona Archaeological Site, Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Espinasa-Pereña Ramón , Diamant Ruth 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn artificial structure was discovered under a natural skylight inside Grutas de Tzinacamóztoc, in the vicinity of the archaeological site of Cantona. The structure is made up of piled rocks, defining a pentagonal enclosure with a central mound. Detailed measurements and computer modeling allowed tracing of the sunbeam path projected on the structure and on the cave floor, particularly for dates of astronomical and/or Mesoamerican calendrical importance. This corroborates the possible prehispanic use of this site as a complex and sophisticated gnomon.
Increasing research capacity in the chiropractic profession: A case study and evaluation of an innovative research program in Norway
Authors: Lothe Lise R. , Bolton Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2013

Objective
The subject of research methods is not commonly covered in continuing professional development (CPD) courses in spite of its emphasis in undergraduate education. This initiative aimed to develop postgraduate research competency and recruit chiropractors to musculoskeletal research.

Methods
The program was delivered as a university-based program with 20 credits over seven contact weekends covering topics of evidence-based practice, research methods, statistics, ethics, resources, and funding. Students were assessed through assignments showing competency in critical literature review, case report writing, and production of a research protocol as the final assessment. Non-student participation for CPD points was possible. A student evaluation survey was completed after the end of the academic year.

Results
There were 26 participants: 16 as students handing in assignments, 10 as non-student participants for up to 94 CPD points. Three submitted a final protocol and two registered at a university PhD program. A network of research clinics was established for data collection for future multicenter studies.

Conclusions
The program was well received by the participants and gave them the tools and resources to perform research. The two-level attendance system afforded a basis for setting up a network of research clinics with a fundamental understanding of optimal data collection. This initiative has shown that research skills can be revisited through CPD programs as part of evidence-based lifelong learning.
Learning and Study Strategies Inventory subtests and factors as predictors of National Board of Chiropractic Examiners Part 1 examination performance
Authors: Schutz Christine M. , Dalton Leanne , Tepe Rodger E. 
Published: January 2013

Objective
This study was designed to extend research on the relationship between chiropractic students' learning and study strategies and national board examination performance.

Methods
Sixty-nine first trimester chiropractic students self-administered the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI). Linear trends tests (for continuous variables) and Mantel-Haenszel trend tests (for categorical variables) were utilized to determine if the 10 LASSI subtests and 3 factors predicted low, medium and high levels of National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Part 1 scores. Multiple regression was performed to predict overall mean NBCE examination scores using the 3 LASSI factors as predictor variables.

Results
Four LASSI subtests (Anxiety, Concentration, Selecting Main Ideas, Test Strategies) and one factor (Goal Orientation) were significantly associated with NBCE examination levels. One factor (Goal Orientation) was a significant predictor of overall mean NBCE examination performance.

Conclusions
Learning and study strategies are predictive of NBCE Part 1 examination performance in chiropractic students. The current study found LASSI subtests Anxiety, Concentration, Selecting Main Ideas, and Test Strategies, and the Goal-Orientation factor to be significant predictors of NBCE scores. The LASSI may be useful to educators in preparing students for academic success. Further research is warranted to explore the effects of learning and study strategies training on GPA and NBCE performance.
Detecting the Signatures of Adaptive Evolution in Protein‐Coding Genes
Authors: Bielawski Joseph P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe field of molecular evolution, which includes genome evolution, is devoted to finding variation within and between groups of organisms and explaining the processes responsible for generating this variation. Many DNA changes are believed to have little to no functional effect, and a neutral process will best explain their evolution. Thus, a central task is to discover which changes had positive fitness consequences and were subject to Darwinian natural selection during the course of evolution. Due the size and complexity of modern molecular datasets, the field has come to rely extensively on statistical modeling techniques to meet this analytical challenge. For DNA sequences that encode proteins, one of the most powerful approaches is to employ a statistical model of codon evolution. This unit provides a general introduction to the practice of modeling codon evolution using the statistical framework of maximum likelihood. Four real‐data analysis activities are used to illustrate the principles of parameter estimation, robustness, hypothesis testing, and site classification. Each activity includes an explicit analytical protocol based on programs provided by the Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood (PAML) package.Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:19.1.1–19.1.21. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Composite energy function‐based iterative learning control for systems with nonparametric uncertainties
Authors: Xu Jian‐Xin , Jin Xu , Huang Deqing 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this work, we propose new iterative learning control (ILC) schemes that deal with nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output systems under alignment condition with nonparametric uncertainties. A major contribution of this work is to remove the classical resetting condition. Another major contribution of this work is to deal with norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties that satisfy local Lipschitz condition, in particular to deal with nonlinear uncertain state‐dependent input gain matrix that could be non‐square left invertible and local Lipschitzian. Two types of composite energy function are proposed to facilitate the ILC design and property analysis. Through rigorous analysis, we show that the new ILC schemes proposed warrant the asymptotical tracking convergence of system states. In the end, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ILC scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Stereoselective Syntheses of All 1,2,3‐Me,OH,Me Triads via Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Zhu Ye , Burgess Kevin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of chiral alkenes were used to access four pivotal α,ω‐functionalized chirons, that contain widely occurring stereochemical 1,2,3‐Me,OH,Me motifs. A chiral analogue of Crabtree’s catalyst was used in key hydrogenation steps to form these motifs with high stereochemical purities. An application of one of these chirons is illustrated here with a synthesis of (−)‐invictolide.
Dietary vitamin A intake below the recommended daily intake during pregnancy and the risk of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the offspring
Authors: Beurskens Leonardus W. J. E. , Schrijver Lieske H. , Tibboel Dick , Wildhagen Mark F. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , Lindemans Jan , de Vries Jeanne , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin A has been related to the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We performed a case‐control study to investigate whether maternal dietary vitamin A intake is related to CDH in the offspring.METHODSThirty‐one pregnancies diagnosed with CDH and 46 control pregnancies were included during the study. After CDH diagnosis and inclusion of controls by risk set sampling, maternal vitamin A intake was investigated with a food frequency questionnaire. Serum retinol and retinol‐binding protein were determined. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate risk estimates with adjustment for potential confounders.RESULTSWe found no significant differences in the overall nutrient and vitamin A intake between case and control mothers. After stratification in body mass index (BMI) categories, case mothers with normal weight showed a lower energy adjusted vitamin A intake (685 vs. 843 μg retinol activity equivalents [RAEs] / day; p = 0.04) and a slightly lower serum retinol (1.58 vs. 1.67 μmol/L; p = 0.08) than control mothers. Vitamin A intake <800 μg retinol activity equivalents (recommended daily intake) in normal weight mothers was associated with a significantly increased CDH risk (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–34.4; p = 0.01). Associations were not significantly different in underweight and overweight mothers.CONCLUSIONSIn normal‐weight mothers, dietary vitamin A intake during pregnancy below the recommended daily intake is significantly associated with an increased risk of a child with CDH. This finding supports the retinoid hypothesis in human CDH, but warrants further investigation in larger study populations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indications for treatment of recurrent carotid stenosis
Authors: Bekelis K , Moses Z , Missios S , Desai A , Labropoulos N 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
There is significant variation in the indications for intervention in patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis. The aim of the present study was to describe these indications in a contemporary cohort of patients.

Methods
This was a systematic review of all peer-reviewed studies reporting on the indications for carotid intervention in patients with recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) that were published between 1990 and 2012.

Results
There were 50 studies reporting on a total of 3524 patients undergoing a carotid procedure; of these, 3478 underwent CEA as the initial intervention. Reintervention was by CEA in 2403 patients and by CAS in 1121. Only 54·7 per cent of the patients were treated for any symptoms and, importantly, just 444 (23·1 per cent of 1926 symptomatic patients) underwent intervention for documented ipsilateral symptoms. None of the studies reported whether the patients were evaluated for other sources of emboli. The remaining 45·3 per cent of patients had asymptomatic restenosis and in the majority of the studies were treated when the degree of stenosis exceeded 80 per cent. The time to repeat intervention was significantly longer in patients with recurrent atherosclerosis, in asymptomatic patients and in patients undergoing CEA.

Conclusion
The reported criteria for retreatment of carotid stenosis were not rigorous and there is still significant ambiguity surrounding the indications for intervention.
Bisebromoamide, an extract from Lyngbya species, induces apoptosis through ERK and mTOR inhibitions in renal cancer cells
Authors: Suzuki Kenjiro , Mizuno Ryuichi , Suenaga Kiyotake , Teruya Toshiaki , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kosaka Takeo , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdvanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an incurable disease, and newer anticancer drugs are needed. Bisebromoamide, a novel cytotoxic peptide, was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya species at our laboratory in 2009. This compound specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in platelet‐derived growth factor‐activated normal rat kidney cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and elucidate the potential mechanism of Bisebromoamide actions on human RCC cells. Two renal cancer cell lines, 769‐P and 786‐O, were used. The effects of Bisebromoamide were analyzed employing assays for water‐soluble Tetrazolium‐1 salts. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric TUNEL analysis. Cell‐cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry using BrdU/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Kinases of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway were analyzed by Western blotting. After Bisebromoamide treatment for 48 and 72 h, cell viability was significantly decreased in both cell lines at 1 and 10 μmol/L. After treatment with 1 μmol/L Bisebromoamide for 72 h, apoptosis and the increased percentage of cells in the sub‐G1 phase were observed in both cell lines. Bisebromoamide inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in both cell lines tested. Similar effects were demonstrated for phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 S6. Bisebromoamide is a promising potential agent against RCC due to its ability to inhibit both the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni2Sn2Zn from Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Schmetterer Clemens , Rajamohan Divakar , Effenberger Herta Silvia , Flandorfer Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm$\bar 3$m with Z = 8.
ChemInform Abstract: Halide Ordering in Reduced Mixed Halides, Chlorides/Iodides, of Zirconium: Syntheses and Structures of Cs2[(Zr6B)(Cl,I)15] Cluster Compounds.
Authors: Pigorsch Arne , Koeckerling Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of appropriate amounts of Zr, ZrCl4, ZrI4, CsCl, and elemental boron (Ta containers, 800 °C, 5 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Sub‐10 nm Single‐Phase NaMnF3 Nanocrystals as Ultrasensitive Hosts for Pure Intense Fluorescence and Excellent T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lin Jing Dong , Vijayaragavan Vimalan , Bhakoo Kishore K. , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNaMnF3 nanocrystals codoped with either Yb3+/Er3+ or Yb3+/Tm3+ are prepared by injection of a methanolic NaF solution into a mixture of MnCl2, Yb(NO3)3 and Er(NO3)3 or Tm(NO3)3, 1‐octadecene, and oleic acid (N2, 300 °C, 45 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Performance of NaTaO3 Using Molecular Co‐Catalyst [Mo3S4]4+ for Water Splitting into H2 and O2.
Authors: Seo Se Won , Park Sangbaek , Jeong Hui‐Yun , Kim Sang Hyeon , Sim Uk , Lee Chan Woo , Nam Ki Tae , Hong Kug Sun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of NaTaO3 for water splitting into H2 and O2 is significantly improved by using the molecular co‐catalyst [Mo3S4(OH2)9]Cl4 (synthesized by reduction of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with sodium borohydride).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Nature of Ge—Pb Bonding in the Solid State. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electronic Structures of Two Unprecedented Germanide‐Plumbides.
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Hooper James , Zurek Eva , Bobev Svilen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEu1.32Ca0.68Ge2Pb (I) and Sr0.42Eu1.58Ge2Pb (II) are synthesized from mixtures of the elements by Pb flux reactions (800 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Chain Structure of Decavanadates V10O28 Linked by Zn(en)2 Units.
Authors: Pang Haijun , Meng Xin , Ma Huiyuan , Liu Bo , Li Shaobin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract[Zn(en)2]3 [V10O28]·5H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of ZnSO4, NH4VO3, en, and H2O in a molar ratio of 1:4.1:2.1:500 (autoclave, 180 °C, 4 d, 33% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporation of Neptunium(VI) into a Uranyl Selenite.
Authors: Meredith Nathan A. , Polinski Matthew J. , Lin Jian , Simonetti Antonio , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNpVI is incorporated into compound (IV) with the highest level of Np uptake (12% substitution of NpVI for UVI) observed for an uranyl compound so far.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2Ti2Fe2As4O: A New Superconductor Containing Fe2As2 Layers and Ti2O Sheets.
Authors: Cao Guang‐Han , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Ba, Ti, Fe, As, and TiO2 (alumina tube, 1173 K for 24 h, sintering at 1373 K for 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Neat Ternary Solid K5‐xCo1‐xSn9 with Endohedral [Co@Sn9]5‐ Cluster Units: A Precursor for Soluble Intermetalloid [Co2@Sn17]5‐ Clusters.
Authors: Hlukhyy Viktor , He Haiyan , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCrystal structures of compounds (IV) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 1D Polyoxovanadate [Cu(en)2V10O28] [Cu(en)2(H2O)] 2·2H3BO3·2H2O Containing the Rarely Non‐condensed Boric Acid.
Authors: An Litao , Liu Xing , Zhou Jian , Hu Feilong , Zhu Liuliu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NH4VO3, CuCl2, H3BO3, en, and H2O (autoclave, 110 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Catalyst Promotes Highly Enantioselective Bromolactonizations to Generate Stereogenic C—Br Bonds.
Authors: Paull Daniel H. , Fang Chao , Donald James R. , Pansick Andrew D. , Martin Stephen F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe nouvel bifunctional BINOL derived title catalyst promotes, like some other known catalysts, not only the highly enantioselective bromolactonization of 4‐ and 5‐arylpentenoic acids (III) and (V), but it also catalyzes the bromolactonization of 5‐alkyl‐4(Z)‐pentenoic acids (I) via 5‐exo mode cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxathiane and Morpholine from Acyclic Precursors: A Modified Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Paul Nidhin , Kaladevi Selvam , Beneto Arockiam Jesin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVarious isomeric diaryloxathianes (II) and (III) as well as triarylmorpholines (IV) and (V) from the corresponding are synthesized from the corresponding diols employed as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones Using H2O2: Green and Chemoselective Method.
Authors: Jafari Hadi , Rostami Amin , Ahmad‐Jangi Firoz , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe oxidation of sulfides (I) to sulfoxides (II) and sulfones (III), resp., in the presence of sulfamic acid as inexpensive and metall‐free catalyst is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Fluoro Amides Using Partially Hydrated Nickel Difluoride as Fluorine Source.
Authors: Zhang Wan Xuan , Su Li , Hu Wei Gang , Zhou Jie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTreatment of activated aziridines with partially hydrated nickel difluoride (obtained by treating NiF2.4H2O in vacuum at 120°C) in the presence of tetra‐butylammonium fluoride leads to formation of β‐fluoro amides in moderate to good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Benzyl Amine on the Efficiency of the Base‐Catalyzed Transamination of α‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Xue Fazhen , Xiao Xiao , Wang Haining , Shi Yian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTransamination of α‐keto esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of a benzyl amine and triethylamine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Acetic Acid Catalyzed Diastereoselective Mannich Reaction in Water.
Authors: Sukumari Subbiah , Azath Ismail Abulkalam , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title reaction occurs in a syn‐selective fashion when propiophenone(III) is utilized as the ketone moiety, and in an anti selective manner when cyclohexanone (III) is utilized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Nonactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides and Tosylates with Secondary Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Yang Chu‐Ting , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Liang Jun , Liu Jing‐Hui , Lu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Huan‐Huan , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA general approach is given for the cross coupling reaction of secondary tosylates and bromides with secondary alcohols [→ (III), (V), (VIIb)].
ChemInform Abstract: Bicatalytic Allylation—Cross‐Methathesis Reactions as γ‐Carbonyl Cation Equivalents.
Authors: Henkie Jake R. , Dhaliwal Sugadar , Green James R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis one‐pot, bicatalytic indium(III) allylation‐cross metathesis protocol may be responsible for the formation of products corresponding to the reaction of γ‐carbonyl cations with arene nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Oxide Promoted Liquid‐Phase Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes to Monoamides Using Ammonia Surrogates.
Authors: Wang Ye , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA wide range of methylarenes and methylheteroarenes are selectively converted into the corresponding primary monoamides and nitriles even in the case of methylarenes bearing two or more methyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Racemic 4‐Ethyl Fatty Acids.
Authors: Liu Yu‐ping , Guan Wei , Yin De‐Cai , Tian Hong‐Yu , Sun Bao‐guo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are synthesized based on the coupling of the Grignard reagent, generated in situ from 3‐chloroalkanes (I) with 3‐bromopropionate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Practical Synthesis of Ethyl (R)‐(‐)‐4‐Cyano‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (VII) from (S)‐3‐Chloro‐1,2‐propanediol (I).
Authors: Jiang Chengjun , Hong Huabin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe new protocol demonstrates a potential utilization of (I), which is the main by‐product in the production of (R)‐epichlorohydrin, as starting material for building a key intermediate (VII) of atorvastatin.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Isocyanopermethylbutane‐1,1,3‐triol (IPB): A Convertible Isonitrile for Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Neves Filho Ricardo A. W. , Stark Sebastian , Morejon Micjel C. , Westermann Bernhard , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe title compound (I) is efficiently employed in Ugi, Smiles, and Passerini multicomponent reactions.