bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of thermodynamic quantities at freeze-out on pseudorapidity and collision energy in p-p collisions at LHC energies*
Authors: Badshah Murad , Obaidat Yahia A.H. , Alrebdi Haifa I. , Waqas M. , Ajaz Muhammad , Ghodhbani Refka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies (

) of 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV, as measured by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), have been analyzed within various pseudorapidity classes utilizing the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution. The fitting procedure resulted in the key parameters, namely, effective temperature (T), non-extensivity parameter (q), and kinetic freezeout volume (V). Additionally, the mean transverse momentum (

) and initial temperature (Ti
) of the particle source are determined through the fit function and string percolation method, respectively. An alternative method is employed to calculate the kinetic freezeout temperature (

) and transverse flow velocity (

) from T. Furthermore, thermodynamic quantities at the freezeout, including energy density (ε), particle density (n), entropy density (s), pressure (P), and squared speed of sound (

), are computed using the extracted T and q. It is also observed that, with a decrease in pseudorapidity, all thermodynamic quantities except V and q increase. This trend is attributed to greater energy transfer along the mid pseudorapidity. q increases towards higher values of pseudorapidity, indicating that particles close to the beam axis are far from equilibrium. Meanwhile, V remains nearly independent of pseudorapidity. The excitation function of these parameters (q) shows a direct (inverse) correlation with collision energy. The ε, n, s, and P show a strong dependence on collision energies at low pseudorapidities. Explicit verification of the thermodynamic inequality

suggests the formation of a highly dense droplet-like Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Additionally, the inequality

is explicitly confirmed, aligning with the evolution of the produced fireball.
Inner fission barriers of uranium isotopes in the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum*
Authors: Zhang 张 Wei 炜 , Huang 黄 Jin-Ke 靳岢 , Sun 孙 Ting-Ting 亭亭 , Peng 彭 Jing 婧 , Zhang 张 Shuang-Quan 双全 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The inner fission barriers of the even-even uranium isotopes from the proton to the neutron drip line are examined using the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum. A periodic-like evolution for the ground state shapes is shown with respect to the neutron number, i.e., spherical shapes at shell closures

126, 184, 258, and prolate dominated shapes between them. Analogous to the shape evolution, the inner fission barriers also exhibit a periodic-like behavior: peaks at the shell closures and valleys in the mid-shells. The triaxial effect on the inner fission barrier is evaluated using triaxial relativistic mean field calculations combined with a simple BCS method for pairing. When the triaxial correction is included, the inner barrier heights show good consistency with available empirical data. Additionally, the evolution from the proton to the neutron drip line aligns with results from the multi-dimensionally constrained relativistic mean field theory. A flat valley in the fission barrier height is predicted around the neutron-rich nucleus

U which may play a role of fission recycling in astrophysical r-process nucleosynthesis.
Current-collapse suppression and leakage-current decrease in AlGaN/GaN HEMT by sputter-TaN gate-dielectric layer
Authors: Liu Bosen , Yu Guohao , Jia Huimin , Zhu Jingyuan , Zhou Jiaan , Li Yu , Zhang Bingliang , Du Zhongkai , Guo Bohan , Wang Lu , Huang Qizhi , Jiang Leifeng , Zeng Zhongming , Wei Zhipeng , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the electrical characteristics of high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) using a TaN/AlGaN/GaN metal insulating semiconductor (MIS) structure. The high-resistance tantalum nitride (TaN) film prepared by magnetron sputtering as the gate dielectric layer of the device achieved an effective reduction of electronic states at the TaN/AlGaN interface, and reducing the gate leakage current of the MIS HEMT, its performance was enhanced. The HEMT exhibited a low gate leakage current of 2.15 × 10−7 mA/mm and a breakdown voltage of 1180 V. Furthermore, the MIS HEMT displayed exceptional operational stability during dynamic tests, with dynamic resistance remaining only 1.39 times even under 400 V stress.
Implementation of sub-100 nm vertical channel-all-around (CAA) thin-film transistor using thermal atomic layer deposited IGZO channel
Authors: Chen Yuting , Duan Xinlv , Ma Xueli , Yuan Peng , Jiao Zhengying , Shen Yongqing , Chai Liguo , Luan Qingjie , Xiang Jinjuan , Geng Di , Wang Guilei , Zhao Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) channel based thin-film transistors (TFT), which exhibit high on–off current ratio and relatively high mobility, has been widely researched due to its back end of line (BEOL)-compatible potential for the next generation dynamic random access memory (DRAM) application. In this work, thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) technology was explored. It was found that the atomic composition and the physical properties of the IGZO films can be modulated by changing the sub-cycles number during atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. In addition, thin-film transistors (TFTs) with vertical channel-all-around (CAA) structure were realized to explore the influence of different IGZO films as channel layers on the performance of transistors. Our research demonstrates that TALD is crucial for high density integration technology, and the proposed vertical IGZO CAA-TFT provides a feasible path to break through the technical problems for the continuous scale of electronic equipment.
Memristive feature and mechanism induced by laser-doping in defect-free 2D semiconductor materials
Authors: Du Xiaoshan , Wang Shu , Zhang Qiaoxuan , Chen Shengyao , Yang Fengyou , Liu Zhenzhou , Fan Zhengwei , Ma Lijun , Wang Lei , Du Lena , Wang Zhongchang , Wang Cong , Chen Bing , Liu Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage, in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS2 device (on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS2 (about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2 × 104 s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.
Assembly of functional carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/anatase TiO2 nanocomposites and tuning the dielectric relaxation, optical, and photoluminescence performances
Authors: Ismail Asmaa M. , Reffaee Abeer A. , El Desouky Fawzy G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nanocomposite films consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide (CMC/PEO), and anatase titanium dioxide (TO) were produced by the use of sol-gel and solution casting techniques. TiO2 nanocrystals were effectively incorporated into CMC/PEO polymers, as shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis. The roughness growth is at high levels of TO nanocrystals (TO NCs), which means increasing active sites and defects in CMC/PEO. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms, the change in glass transition temperature (T
g) values verifies that the polymer blend interacts with TO NCs. The increment proportions of TO NCs have a notable impact on the dielectric performances of the nanocomposites, as observed. The electrical properties of the CMC/PEO/TO nanocomposite undergo significant changes. The nanocomposite films exhibit a red alteration in the absorption edge as the concentration of TO NCs increases in the polymer blend. The decline in the energy gap is readily apparent as the weight percentage of TO NCs increases. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra indicate that the sites of the luminescence peak maximums show slight variation; peaks get wider, while their intensities decrease dramatically as the concentration of TO increases. These nanocomposite materials show potential for multifunctional applications including optoelectronics, antireflection coatings, photocatalysis, light emitting diodes, and solid polymer electrolytes.
Identifying alterations in hand movement coordination from chronic stroke survivors using a wearable high-density EMG sleeve
Authors: Tacca Nicholas , Baumgart Ian , Schlink Bryan R , Kamath Ashwini , Dunlap Collin , Darrow Michael J , Colachis IV Samuel , Putnam Philip , Branch Joshua , Wengerd Lauren , Friedenberg David A , Meyers Eric C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Non-invasive, high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) has emerged as a useful tool to collect a range of neurophysiological motor information. Recent studies have demonstrated changes in EMG features that occur after stroke, which correlate with functional ability, highlighting their potential use as biomarkers. However, previous studies have largely explored these EMG features in isolation with individual electrodes to assess gross movements, limiting their potential clinical utility. This study aims to predict hand function of stroke survivors by combining interpretable features extracted from a wearable HD-EMG forearm sleeve. Approach. Here, able-bodied (N = 7) and chronic stroke subjects (N = 7) performed 12 functional hand and wrist movements while HD-EMG was recorded using a wearable sleeve. A variety of HD-EMG features, or views, were decomposed to assess alterations in motor coordination. Main Results. Stroke subjects, on average, had higher co-contraction and reduced muscle coupling when attempting to open their hand and actuate their thumb. Additionally, muscle synergies decomposed in the stroke population were relatively preserved, with a large spatial overlap in composition of matched synergies. Alterations in synergy composition demonstrated reduced coupling between digit extensors and muscles that actuate the thumb, as well as an increase in flexor activity in the stroke group. Average synergy activations during movements revealed differences in coordination, highlighting overactivation of antagonist muscles and compensatory strategies. When combining co-contraction and muscle synergy features, the first principal component was strongly correlated with upper-extremity Fugl Meyer hand sub-score of stroke participants (R
2 = 0.86). Principal component embeddings of individual features revealed interpretable measures of motor coordination and muscle coupling alterations. Significance. These results demonstrate the feasibility of predicting motor function through features decomposed from a wearable HD-EMG sleeve, which could be leveraged to improve stroke research and clinical care.
Ion heating/transport characteristics of the merging startup plasma scenario in the TS-6 spherical tokamak
Authors: Tanabe H. , Cai Y. , Tanaka H. , Ahmadi T. , Inomoto M. , Ono Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here we report the ion heating/transport characteristics of the merging startup scenario in the TS-6 spherical tokamak. In addition to the previously investigated impulsive heating process during magnetic reconnection, here we also focus on a longer time scale response of the ion temperature profile both during and after merging, including the semi-steady plasma confinement phase. During magnetic reconnection, (i) the ion temperature profile forms a poloidally asymmetric profile around the X-point in the initiation phase and (ii) radially asymmetric higher deposition is obtained at the high field side. After merging, (iii) the radially asymmetric double-peak structure is affected by parallel heat conduction and is aligned with field lines, but it does not simply become a flux function on a microsecond time scale—inboard/outboard asymmetry lasts even in the semi-steady confinement phase. (iv) Under the influence of the low-aspect-ratio configuration, there is a two to three times higher toroidal field on the high-field side on the same closed flux surface: characteristic asymmetry of inboard/outboard ion temperature has been found experimentally for the first time.
An active fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle: diffusion and dissipation
Authors: Rangaig Norodin A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we consider a particle subjected to active fluctuations due to the presence of an active bath. The active fluctuation driving the particle is modeled as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with memory, due to the recent experimental result in that a bacterial bath under a chemotactic mechanism exhibits a large distribution of persistence time, which may result in long-range persistence of a probe particle that cannot be captured by the conventional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model for active noise. As a paradigmatic model, we consider introducing a fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with a power-law kernel, which includes a fractional order variable

0
<
α
⩽
1

, to model an active noise acting on a particle. We present the relevant properties of the active noise and its implications for the diffusion of free and harmonically confined single particles. This is also supported by the derived active Smoluchowski description. More importantly, we find that the effect of α can either reduce or increase the effective temperature at long time, depending on the competition between the harmonic timescale and persistence time. Lastly, the effects of presented active noise on the spectral density of the energy dissipation rate and the dissipation energy from both the thermal and active bath are explored.
Power-law relaxation of a confined diffusing particle subject to resetting with memory
Authors: Boyer Denis , Majumdar Satya N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the relaxation of a Brownian particle with long range memory under confinement in one dimension. The particle diffuses in an arbitrary confining potential and resets at random times to previously visited positions, chosen with a probability proportional to the local time spent there by the particle since the initial time. This model mimics an animal which moves erratically in its home range and returns preferentially to familiar places from time to time, as observed in nature. The steady state density of the position is given by the equilibrium Gibbs–Boltzmann distribution, as in standard diffusion, while the transient part of the density can be obtained through a mapping of the Fokker–Planck equation of the process to a Schrödinger eigenvalue problem. Due to memory, the approach at late times toward the steady state is critically self-organised, in the sense that it always follows a sluggish power-law form, in contrast to the exponential decay that characterises Markov processes. The exponent of this power-law depends in a simple way on the resetting rate and on the leading relaxation rate of the Brownian particle in the absence of resetting. We apply these findings to several exactly solvable examples, such as the harmonic, V-shaped and box potentials.
Monte Carlo study of frustrated Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions in generalized triangular lattices
Authors: Jang Hoseung , Yu Unjong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the frustrated J
1–J
2 Ising model with nearest-neighbor interaction J
1 and next-nearest-neighbor interaction J
2 in two kinds of generalized triangular lattices (GTLs) employing the Wang–Landau Monte Carlo method and finite-size scaling analysis. In the first GTL (GTL1), featuring anisotropic properties, we identify three kinds of super-antiferromagnetic ground states with stripe structures. Meanwhile, in the second GTL (GTL2), which is non-regular in next-nearest-neighbor interaction, the ferrimagnetic 3×3 and two kinds of partial spin liquid (PSL) ground states are observed. We confirm that residual entropy is proportional to the number of spins in the PSL ground states. Additionally, we construct finite-temperature phase diagrams for ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions. In GTL1, the transition into the ferromagnetic phase is continuous, contrasting with the first-order transition into the stripe phase. In GTL2, the critical temperature into the ferromagnetic ground state decreases as antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction intensifies until it meets the 3×3 phase boundary. For intermediate values of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction, two successive transitions emerge: one from the paramagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase, followed by the other transition from the ferromagnetic phase to the 3×3 phase.
A scaling region identification method for the divider dimension of urban thermal environments
Authors: Tao Sulin , Li Yuhong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A scaling region identification method for divider dimensions using the coefficient of determination is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of the divider dimension in the study of urban thermal environment differentiation characteristics. The effectiveness of this method was verified by analyzing the urban surface thermal field differentiation characteristics by applying the estimated divider dimensions of Nanjing’s thermal environment surfaces and transect lines. The research results show that the urban thermal environment has fractal characteristics only within a certain temperature threshold range. When the constraint of scaling regions is considered, the calculated divider dimension of the surface thermal field surface increases, reflecting the more complex fractal structure of the thermal field. For each temperature grade, the “trough” position of the thermal field divider dimension surface estimated by the line-divider method is near the determination level of the high-temperature region based on robust statistics, allowing the spatial extent of the urban heat island (UHI) to be determined based on the “trough” feature of the thermal field divider dimension surface.
Analysis of wheel-rail contact under oil lubrication conditions
Authors: Li Yaojie , Tian Chun , Zhou Jiajun , Zhai Gengwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This investigation centers on the characteristics of the contact between the wheel and rail when lubricated with oil, with a consideration of the impact of surface roughness. Confronting significant challenges related to low adhesion, a thorough examination is undertaken to analyze the changes in film thickness under oil lubrication, investigating trends at varying vehicle speeds and axle loads. Employing detailed modeling based on micro-elastohydrodynamic theory, the distribution of oil film thickness under diverse operational conditions is determined. The findings indicate that, under oil lubrication, a film thickness in the range of several tens of micrometers is established, effectively insulating the surfaces of the wheel and rail, thereby reducing adhesion. With increasing vehicle speed, the thickness of the oil film also rises, whereas an elevation in axle load results in a marginal decrease in film thickness. This research contributes to a comprehensive comprehension of the wheel-rail contact mechanism in oil lubrication scenarios, providing theoretical backing to address concerns related to low adhesion. The implications are substantial for improving the safety and economic efficiency of efficient railway transportation.
Research on the progress of particle-bubble transport
Authors: Liang Zihao , Wang Jinfeng , Sun Weihua , Ye Guosen , Jiang Jilin , Han Xinrong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Due to the pressing need for efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of low-quality mineral resources in the field of mineral processing, there has been a growing focus on investigating the flotation method. Foam flotation is widely employed as a means to separate different valuable minerals. The underlying mechanism involves numerous buoyant bubbles within the fluid that come into contact with and transport target mineral particles towards the upper apex of the fluid, resulting in the formation of a foam layer. This foam layer serves as a collection point for valuable target minerals, thereby facilitating their separation and recovery. This paper reviews the research progress of flotation to the present, and the source, purpose, and significance of flotation research are discussed first. Secondly, the great changes brought by the simulation method to the optimization of flotation performance are demonstrated. Finally, the sub-process mechanism of flotation is discussed. Through the above investigation on the progress of particle-bubble transport, the importance of bubbles and particles to the improvement or reduction of flotation performance is clarified, and the follow-up research and engineering practice are guided.
Numerical investigation of elliptical trailing edge on cascade loss of transonic turbine airfoils
Authors: Wei Shuang , Wang Jinhuo , Chen Yipeng , Geng Zhangnan , Liu Qinglong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The shape and thickness of the trailing edge are important factors in the supersonic loss in transonic cascades. To investigate the influence of trailing edge shape, a prismatic turbine cascade and a three-dimensional cascade with an elliptic trailing edge were analyzed with numerical simulation by changing different elliptic axis ratios ER. It was indicated that the shock wave and its mixing with the wake were the important sources of loss in the transonic prismatic cascade. With the increase of exit Mach number, shock waves are generated rapidly and migrate downstream, and the shock loss and the total loss of the prismatic cascade are both accrescent. Increasing the elliptical axis ratio could weaken shock waves and delay shock waves. In the loss state region 3, the cascade loss of the ER3 blade is reduced by 8% compared with the round trailing edge cascade. As the elliptical axis ratio of the three-dimensional cascade is increasing, the profile loss and secondary loss are reduced. However, an excessive elliptical axis ratio could lead to an increase in tip leakage loss. Within the range of ER values from 0 to 3, the total loss of the transonic three-dimensional cascade reached minimization when ER was 3.0.
Research on simulation calculation method of local strength of swath ship stabilizing fins based on sub-model method
Authors: Jiang Xueyun , Zhang Song , Chen Kezhong , Li Xiangyuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
At present, there is little research on the strength simulation calculation method of local steel structure at the joint between the fin stabilizer and hull of SWATH at home and abroad. Aiming at the problems of high-stress levels and difficult local strength of the local structure at the joint of SWATH submersible and stable fin, this paper, based on APDL language, takes a SWATH ship as an example, establishes a whole ship simulation model, analyses and studies the modeling scope, modeling requirements, boundary conditions, and loading methods of the local calculation model of stable fin, and puts forward an efficient simulation calculation and analysis method, namely sub-model method, which is suitable for the local strength calculation of stable fin, and provides guidance for the structural design method of the stable fin of SWATH catamaran.