bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine NK Cells Regulate Endometrial Bleeding in Women and Are Suppressed by the Progesterone Receptor Modulator Asoprisnil
Authors: Wilkens Julia , Male Victoria , Ghazal Peter , Forster Thorsten , Gibson Douglas A. , Williams Alistair R. W. , Brito-Mutunayagam Savita L. , Craigon Marie , Lourenco Paula , Cameron Iain T. , Chwalisz Kristof , Moffett Ashley , Critchley Hilary O. D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Uterine NK cells (uNK) play a role in the regulation of placentation, but their functions in nonpregnant endometrium are not understood. We have previously reported suppression of endometrial bleeding and alteration of spiral artery morphology in women exposed to asoprisnil, a progesterone receptor modulator. We now compare global endometrial gene expression in asoprisnil-treated versus control women, and we demonstrate a statistically significant reduction of genes in the IL-15 pathway, known to play a key role in uNK development and function. Suppression of IL-15 by asoprisnil was also observed at mRNA level (p &lt; 0.05), and immunostaining for NK cell marker CD56 revealed a striking reduction of uNK in asoprisnil-treated endometrium (p &lt; 0.001). IL-15 levels in normal endometrium are progesterone-responsive. Progesterone receptor (PR) positive stromal cells transcribe both IL-15 and IL-15RA. Thus, the response of stromal cells to progesterone will be to increase IL-15 trans-presentation to uNK, supporting their expansion and differentiation. In asoprisnil-treated endometrium, there is a marked downregulation of stromal PR expression and virtual absence of uNK. These novel findings indicate that the IL-15 pathway provides a missing link in the complex interplay among endometrial stromal cells, uNK, and spiral arteries affecting physiologic and pathologic endometrial bleeding.
Smad2/3 and IRF4 Play a Cooperative Role in IL-9–Producing T Cell Induction
Authors: Tamiya Taiga , Ichiyama Kenji , Kotani Hitoshi , Fukaya Tomohiro , Sekiya Takashi , Shichita Takashi , Honma Kiri , Yui Katsuyuki , Matsuyama Toshifumi , Nakao Takako , Fukuyama Satoru , Inoue Hiromasa , Nomura Masatoshi , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can regulate autoimmune and allergic responses. Th9 cells can develop from naive T cells or Th2 cells through stimulation by TGF-β in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that Smad2 and Smad3 are necessary for IL-9 production from T cells in an OVA-induced asthma model using T cell–specific Smad2- and Smad3-deficient mice. Smad2 and Smad3 were also redundantly essential for TGF-β signaling to induce histone modifications for Il9 transcription. Although Smad2/3 was recruited to the Il9 promoter by TGF-β stimulation, they are not sufficient to activate the Il9 promoter. By the screening the transcription factors, we found that IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) was essential for the Smad2/3-mediated Il9 promoter activation. In addition, Smad2/3 physically interacted with IRF4, and Smad2/3 did not bind to the Il9 promoter and could not induce Th9 in IRF4-deficient T cells. Similarly, IRF4 could not stimulate Il9 transcription in the absence of Smad2/3, and TGF-β enhanced IRF4 recruitment to the Il9 promoter in a Smad2/3-dependent manner. We propose that Smad2/3 and IRF4 cooperatively transactivate the Il9 promoter and play an important role in regulating allergic immune responses by inducing Th9 cells.
Apoptosis in normal oral tissues and odontogenesis
Authors: Bali Ruchita , Chandra Akhilesh , Verma Renuka 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProgrammed cell death or apoptosis is considered a vital component of various processes including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system, hormone-dependent atrophy, embryonic development, and chemical-induced cell death. Inappropriate apoptosis (either too little or too much) is a factor in many human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders, and many types of cancers. The process of apoptosis is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. An understanding of its role in the pathophysiology of oral tissues is pertinent to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The developing tooth passes through the various morphologic stages and apoptosis is observed selectively in certain locations. This review focuses on the current knowledge of apoptosis emphasizing its role in normal oral tissues and odontogenesis.
Evolution of root canal sealers: An insight story
Authors: Tyagi Sanjeev , Mishra Priyesh , Tyagi Parimala 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAttainment of ideal root canal treatment comprises various essential factors such as proper instrumentation, biomechanical preparation, obturation, and ultimately depending upon the case, post-endodontic restoration. Main objective of the treatment is to get absolute rid of microbial entity and prevent any future predilection of re-infection. In order to achieve that, proper seal is required to cut down any chance of proliferation of bacteria and future occurrence of any pathology. Although gutta-percha has been the standard obturating material used in root canal treatment, it does not reinforce endodontically treated roots owing to its inability to achieve an impervious seal along the dentinal walls of the root canal. Gutta-percha does not from a monoblock even with the use of a resin-based sealer such as AH Plus because the sealer does not bind to gutta-percha. As a result, a monoblock is formed (consisting of Resilon core material, Resin sealer, bonding agent/primer, and dentin). Another reason of Resilon being a better obturating material could be that the removal of smear layer by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after biomechanical preparation may have allowed the root canal filling material and root canal sealers to contact the canal wall and penetrate in the dentinal tubules, which may increase the strength of roots. New silicone-based sealers like Roekoseal automix and the most recent GuttaFlow have some affirmative results regarding solubility and biocompatibility, as compared to other sealers. Methacrylate resin-based sealers and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealers have opened a new horizon for sealers.
Acupuncture: An alternative therapy in medicine and dentistry
Authors: Vaidya Sharad , Kapoor Charu , Nagpal Abhishek , Jain Ajay , Kar Aswini Kumar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn introduction to the practical application of acupuncture is presented in the light of current research. Acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities. Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well-documented. Although, it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain, its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable. The aim of this paper is to give a broad introduction to acupuncture to the general and dental practitioner and to emphasize the scientific background for acupuncture.
Diabetes mellitus: An endodontic perspective
Authors: Chakravarthy Pishipati Vinayak Kalyan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease, characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. In patients with DM, several aspects of the immune system are compromised and wound healing is impaired. Studies indicate increased prevalence, severity of periapical lesions and a decreased success rate of endodontic treatment in diabetics, suggesting that diabetes may serve as a disease modifier of periapical lesions. A reciprocal relationship exists between glycaemic control and chronic periapical lesions. Treating infections of pulp and periodontium will improve glycaemic control and help in healing of lesions similar to non-diabetics. To provide competent care to patients with DM, dental clinicians must understand the disease, its treatment, and its impact on the patients′ ability to undergo and respond to endodontic treatment. This review article is a detailed assessment of the literature on DM and its implication on pulp and periapical diseases, and their treatment outcome.
Silicone prosthesis for a patient with unilateral ear defect: A clinical case report
Authors: Singh Ajay , Ghosh Shounak , Kar Sumana , Ahmed Imran 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCongenital or acquired loss of body parts is of common occurrence and replacement of such parts for restoring their lost function and esthetics is done by using various bio-compatible materials. Proper assessment of the disfigured body parts and a feasible approach to rehabilitating them has for long, been the target of clinical maxillofacial prosthodontics. The aim of this article is to present a case report of such a silicone prosthesis for a patient with a congenital unilateral auricular defect.
Unilateral gingival fibromatosis
Authors: Yuwanati Monal , Akinwar Akash 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIncrease in size of gingiva is termed as gingival enlargement or gingival overgrowth; characterized by expansion and accumulation of the connective tissue. Enlargement of gingiva can be classified according to etiology, pathogenesis, location, and distribution. Many forms of gingival Hyperplasia are of unknown etiology and termed as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. Gingival fibromatosis is classified as two types according to its form. The localized nodular form is characterized by the presence of multiple localized enlargements in the gingiva and the other one is most common symmetric form results in uniform enlargement of the gingiva. Our aim in this case report is to present a very interesting case of patient with the unusual clinical forms of unilateral gingival fibromatosis and to discuss the histopathological and clinical features in comparison to similar enlargements.
Oral health perception among officers and men of the Nigerian prisons service, Abuja
Authors: Omili Michael , Ofili Antoinette N. , Omuemu Vivian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: To determine oral health perception among officers and men of the Nigeria Prison Service, Abuja. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of officers and men in Prison headquarters and Kuje command in Abuja, Nigeria, was conducted between January and May 2009 using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 407 prison officers constituting 57.0% males and 66.6% senior officers participated in this study. Only 15.7% of the respondents had good oral health knowledge. Oral health knowledge was not significantly associated with age, sex, and designation of staff (P>0.05). More than half (52.8%) of the respondents exhibited positive attitude to oral health and this was not significantly associated with age, sex, and designation of staff (P>0.05). More than half (53.3%) of the respondents cleaned their teeth with toothbrush and toothpaste in this study; however, only about one-third (32.4%) of the respondents indulge in twice-daily tooth brushing. This practice was significantly higher among younger staff (P=0.009), junior cadre staff (P=0.001), and males (P=0.931). Only 27.5% of the respondents have never visited the dentist. Oral conditions among the respondents were toothache (55.5%), gingival bleeding (61.2%), and mouth odor (47.2%). Perceived high cost of treatment and fear of dental instruments are the most commonly identified barriers to oral health utilization. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge, negative attitude, and suboptimal practices regarding oral health were noted among the respondents. Gingival bleeding, toothache, and mouth odor were highly prevalent among the studied Prison staff. Dentist visit practice among the studied Prison staff was low with barriers as high cost of dental treatment, fear of dental instruments, no dental clinics nearby, and no time to visit the dentist.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor expressing p53 and PCNA: A true benign neoplasm?
Authors: Sah Kunal , Kale Alka D. , Kotrashetti Vijaylaxmi , Chandra Sunira 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon distinct odontogenic neoplasm. Histogenesis of AOT is still uncertain, and whether it represents anomalous hamartomatous growth or a true benign neoplasm is debatable. We report herein an unusual case of AOT occurring in the mandible. The tumor showed an unusual and aggressive clinical course, location, and radiographical and histopathological features expressing PCNA and p53 protein, which are suggestive of its proliferative potential, aggressive tumor behavior, and invasive characteristics. Based on these evidences, we suggested it to be a benign aggressive neoplasm rather than a hamartoma, though based on the analysis of single case it is still debatable.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity of six different flowable composites with the methyl tetrazolium test method
Authors: Yalcin Muhammet , Ulker Mustafa , Ulker Esra , Sengun Abdulkadir 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of six different flowable composites with the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT). Materials and Methods: For MTT, six different flowable composites (Bisco Aelite, Bisco Inc., USA; Esthet X Flow, Dentsply, USA; Filtek™ Supreme XT Flowable Restorative, 3M Espe, USA; Gradia ® Direct Flo, GC, USA; Estelite ® Flow Quick, Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Japan; and Clearfil Majesty Flow, Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions in standard Teflon disks (2 mm × 5 mm) and the samples were extracted in 7 ml of Basal Medium Eagle with 10% new born calf serum and 5% penicillin streptomycin gentamisin for 24 h. In the experiments: The L929 cells were plated (25.000 cells/ml) in wells of 96 well-dishes and maintained in a humidified incubator for 24 h at 37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% of air. After 24 h incubation of the cells, the incubation medium was replaced by the immersed medium in which the samples were stored. Then L929 cells were incubated in contact with evaluates for 24 h. The cell mitochondrial activity was evaluated by the MTT. 12 well used for each specimen and MTT tests applied 2 times. The data were submitted to the statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests. Results: According to the results of MTT test with L-929 fibroblasts demonstrated that all freshly prepared flowable composites did not reduce vital cell numbers (P>0.05) in comparison to control group. Conclusion: This study revealed important information for clinical applications of flowable composites in dentistry.
Long-term effect of tobacco on resting whole mouth salivary flow rate and pH: An institutional based comparative study
Authors: Kanwar Alpana , Sah Kunal , Grover Neeraj , Chandra Sunira , Singh Rana Randeep 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Saliva is the first biological fluid that is exposed to tobacco and is responsible for its changes especially the salivary flow rate (SFR) and salivary pH. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the long- term effects of tobacco on SFR and pH between tobacco chewers, smokers, and controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Subjects were divided equally into tobacco smokers (group A), chewers (group B), and controls (group C). Saliva of each subject was collected under resting condition and SFR was expressed in mL/min for 10 min. Salivary pH was determined using the specific salivary pH strips. Results: The mean (±SD) SFR for group A; 4.34 (±0.3), group B; 3.07 (±0.26) and group C; 5.65 (±0.44) mL/min when compared and a significant relation was obtained. The mean (±SD) pH for group A; 6.8 (±0.1), group B; 6.7 (±0.1) and group C; 7.04 (±0.1) when compared and a non-significant relation was obtained though, lower salivary pH were observed in group A and B. Conclusion: Present study indicates that the SFR decreases appreciably among tobacco abusers especially more among smokeless form. A lower (acidic) salivary pH was observed in tobacco users as compared with control. These alterations in SFR and pH due to long-term effect of tobacco user can render oral mucosa vulnerable to various oral and dental diseases.
In-vitro evaluation of an experimental method for bonding of orthodontic brackets with self-adhesive resin cements
Authors: Ramazanzadeh Barat Ali , Merati Mohsen , Shafaee Hooman , Dogon Leon , Sohrabi Keyvan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Self-adhesive resin cements do not require the surface treatment of teeth and are said to release fluoride, which makes them suitable candidates for bonding of orthodontic brackets. The objectives of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cements on etched on non-etched surfaces in vitro and to assess their fluoride release features. Materials and Methods: Four fluoride-releasing dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements were investigated. For SBS experiment, 135 freshly extracted human maxillary premolars were used and divided into nine groups of 15 teeth. In the control group, brackets were cemented by Transbond XT (3M Unitek, USA), in four groups self-adhesive resin cements were used without acid-etching and in four groups self-adhesive cements were applied on acid-etched surfaces and the brackets were then deboned in shear with a testing machine. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also calculated. For fluoride release investigation, 6 discs were prepared for each self-adhesive cement. Transbond XT and Fuji Ortho LC (GC, Japan) served as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The fluoride release of each disc into 5 ml of de-ionized water was measured at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 using a fluoride ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. To prevent cumulative measurements, the storage solutions were changed daily. Results: The SBS of brackets cemented with Transbond XT were significantly higher compared to self-adhesives applied on non-etched surfaces (P<0.001). However, when the self-adhesive resin cements were used with enamel etching, no significant differences was found in the SBS compared to Transbond XT, except for Breeze. The comparisons of the ARI scores indicated that bracket failure modes were significantly different between the etched and non-etched groups. All self-adhesive cements released clinically sufficient amounts of fluoride for an extended period of time. Conclusion: For the tested cements, the strongest bonds were obtained by enamel acid-etching prior to bracket bonding. All the self-adhesive resin cements had significant long-term fluoride release and could be recommended as suitable fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding materials.
Dental anxiety: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Hawamdeh Sana , Awad Manal 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety and examine the socio-demographic associations of dental anxiety among a representative sample of UAE college populations. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirteen college students of Sharjah University in the UAE completed Modified Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) (47% males and 53% females). The survey also included questions in a yes/no format with which respondents rated attributions for their anxiety. Results: Prevalence of dental anxiety (MDAS score of 13 or more) was 36%, with overall severity represented by a mean score of 11.52 (SD: 4.88). Students who visited their dentist more than two years ago had significantly higher MDAS scores compared with those who visited their dentist less than two years ago (t-test, P=0.02). Compared with female students, a significantly higher proportion of males indicated that their last visit to the dentist was more than two years ago (17% vs. 30%, respectively, χ2-test, P=0.002). In addition, more than half of the students (55%) perceived a need for a checkup and 54% indicated that they visited the dentist because of problems with their teeth. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that although dental anxiety was not associated with gender and frequency of dental visits, feeling of lack of control and pain anticipation were strong predictors of anxiety. These results highlight the important role that dental healthcare providers could play in counseling anxious patients to reduce the impact of these factors on seeking dental care.
A comparison of the wear resistance and hardness of two different indirect composite resins with a ceramic material, opposed to human enamel
Authors: Culhaoglu Ahmet Kursad , Park Joonge 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the two-body wear resistance of two different indirect composites and lithium disilicate porcelain versus human enamel antagonists. Materials and Methods: Ten specimens of each material (BelleGlass NG, Kerr Corp.; SR Adoro, Ivoclar Vivadent AG; IPS e.max, Ivoclar Vivadent AG) were fabricated. Indirect dental composites and all-ceramic restoration were compared by an in vitro tribological test against human teeth antagonist. Wear loss of antagonist was calculated using an image analyzer (Leica) Wear behavior of restorative materials was investigated with a profilometer after each individual tribological test. A scanning microscope was used to examine the crystal morphology of the samples; the crystal phases were identified by an X-ray diffractometer. Microhardness test results were analyzed using ANOVA. Kruskal Wallis multi-comparison test was used for evaluating the corrosion data. In order to understand whether there is a relationship between mean friction co-efficients, wear rate, and hardness, the statistical non-parametric relation test was used. Results: The indirect composites showed lower wear rate and friction co-efficient than all-ceramic dental materials against enamel. As for the wear loss of the enamel antagonists, the all-ceramic restorations were more harmful to human teeth than the dental composites. Conclusion: Indirect dental composite is relatively more wear-friendly than all-ceramic restoration. Furthermore, indirect composites are favorable and less offensive. Therefore, the second generation of indirect composites is promising in long-life dental restorations.