bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Recovery among Individuals in Alcohol Treatment: Implications for Social Work
Authors: LaBarre Charles , Bradizza Clara M , Linn Braden K , Zhao Junru , Knapp Kyler S , Wilding Gregory E , Stasiewicz Paul R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA) definition of alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery stipulates two criteria: remission from DSM-5 AUD and cessation of heavy drinking. Importantly, these criteria allow for consideration of nonabstinent alcohol treatment outcomes. However, researchers have yet to assess potential predictors of the NIAAA recovery outcome. The current study examined associations between mental health and coping predictors of NIAAA recovery status in an AUD treatment sample. At baseline (BL) and end-of-treatment (EOT) research interviews in a clinical trial, participants (N = 118) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol dependence, mental health, and confidence levels in reducing heavy drinking, as well as alcohol use and DSM-5 AUD symptom endorsement. Logistic regression models tested the associations between chosen predictors and the odds of achieving NIAAA recovery. Twenty-four percent of individuals (n = 28) met both criteria for NIAAA recovery at EOT. Higher levels of BL state anxiety and anxiety sensitivity predicted lower odds of achieving NIAAA recovery, while greater confidence to reduce heavy drinking predicted increased odds of NIAAA recovery. Social workers are encouraged to continue assessing and addressing mental health in AUD treatment to help individuals with alcohol problems achieve their AUD recovery goals.
Adaptation of turnip mosaic virus toArabidopsis thalianainvolves rewiring of VPg–host proteome interactions
Authors: Carrasco José L , Ambrós Silvia , Gutiérrez Pablo A , Elena Santiago F 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe outcome of a viral infection depends on a complex interplay between the host physiology and the virus, mediated through numerous protein–protein interactions. In a previous study, we used high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (HT-Y2H) to identify proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana that bind to the proteins encoded by the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) genome. Furthermore, after experimental evolution of TuMV lineages in plants with mutations in defense-related or proviral genes, most mutations observed in the evolved viruses affected the VPg cistron. Among these mutations, D113G was a convergent mutation selected in many lineages across different plant genotypes, including cpr5-2 with constitutive expression of systemic acquired resistance. In contrast, mutation R118H specifically emerged in the jin1 mutant with affected jasmonate signaling. Using the HT-Y2H system, we analyzed the impact of these two mutations on VPg’s interaction with plant proteins. Interestingly, both mutations severely compromised the interaction of VPg with the translation initiation factor eIF(iso)4E, a crucial interactor for potyvirus infection. Moreover, mutation D113G, but not R118H, adversely affected the interaction with RHD1, a zinc-finger homeodomain transcription factor involved in regulating DNA demethylation. Our results suggest that RHD1 enhances plant tolerance to TuMV infection. We also discuss our findings in a broad virus evolution context.
Autophagy regulates age‐related delayed jawbone regeneration and decreased osteoblast osteogenesis by degrading FABP3
Authors: Xu Yifan , Sun Bin , Wang Haicheng , Cai Yuyi , Chu Danna , Cao Rongkai , Wang Zuolin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe regenerative ability of limb bones after injury decreases during aging, but whether a similar phenomenon occurs in jawbones and whether autophagy plays a role in this process remain unclear. Through retrospective analysis of clinical data and studies on a mouse model of jawbone defects, we confirmed the presence of delayed or impaired bone regeneration in the jawbones of old individuals and mice. Subsequently, osteoblasts (OBs) derived from mouse jawbones were isolated, showing reduced osteogenesis in senescent osteoblasts (S‐OBs). We observed a reduction in autophagy within both aged jawbones and S‐OBs. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy in normal OBs (N‐OBs) led to cell aging and decreased osteogenesis, while autophagic activation reversed the aging phenotype of S‐OBs. The activator rapamycin (RAPA) increased the autophagy level and bone regeneration in aged jawbones. Finally, we found that fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3) was degraded by autolysosomes through its interaction with sequestosome 1 (P62/SQSTM1). Autophagy inhibition within senescent jawbones and S‐OBs led to the excessive accumulation of FABP3, and FABP3 knockdown partially rescued the decreased osteogenesis in S‐OBs and alleviated age‐related compromised jawbone regeneration. In summary, we confirmed that autophagy inhibition plays an important role in delaying bone regeneration in aging jawbones. Autophagic activation or FABP3 knockdown can partially rescue the osteogenesis of S‐OBs and the regeneration of aging jawbones, providing insight into jawbone aging.
Use of Cannabinoids by People Who Consume Kratom in the United States
Authors: Hill Katherine , Grundmann Oliver , Panlilio Leigh V. , Epstein David H. , Smith Kirsten E. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
To estimate lifetime, past-year, and past-month prevalence of kratom, cannabis, and cannabidiol-only product use among adults 18 years and older in the United States, using 2 independent datasets.

Methods
Utilizing (a) the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and (b) a 2022 online national convenience sample of adults who use kratom regularly (from our research group at the National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]), we examined key demographic information as well as lifetime, past-year, and past-month substance use and preferences.

Results
Among the full sample of adults from the 2022 NSDUH, the prevalence of lifetime use was 49.69% for cannabis, 34.09% for cannabidiol-only products, and 1.93% for kratom. When solely examining participants who have used kratom, both independent datasets showed higher proportions of cannabis use over the lifetime—92.81% (95% confidence interval: 90.31–95.31) in the NSDUH subset and 92.16% (95% confidence interval: 89.37–94.95) in our NIDA sample.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that people are co-using kratom with cannabis and/or cannabidiol-only products at the same time or during the same time period, though more research is needed to understand people's motivations and practices for such co-use. Co-use might result in herb-herb interactions that may impact research findings and clinical outcomes for people who use kratom.
Electrocochleography in Cochlear Implant Recipients: Correlating Maximum Response With Residual Hearing
Authors: Andonie Raphael R. , Wimmer Wilhelm , Schraivogel Stephan , Mantokoudis Georgios , Caversaccio Marco , Weder Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Electrocochleography (ECochG) is increasingly recognized as a biomarker for assessing inner ear function in cochlear implant patients. This study aimed to objectively determine intraoperative cochlear microphonic (CM) amplitude patterns and correlate them with residual hearing in cochlear implant recipients, addressing the limitations in current ECochG analysis that often depends on subjective visual assessment and overlook the intracochlear measurement location.

Design:
In this prospective study, we investigated intraoperative pure-tone ECochG following complete electrode insertion in 31 patients. We used our previously published objective analysis method to determine the maximum CM amplitude and the associated electrode position for each electrode array. Using computed tomography, we identified electrode placement and determined the corresponding tonotopic frequency using Greenwood’s function. Based on this, we calculated the tonotopic shift, that is, the difference between the stimulation frequency and the estimated frequency of the electrode with the maximum CM amplitude. We evaluated the association between CM amplitude, tonotopic shift, and preoperative hearing thresholds using linear regression analysis.

Results:
CM amplitudes showed high variance, with values ranging from −1.479

to 4.495 dBµV. We found a statistically significant negative correlation (

) between maximum CM amplitudes and preoperative hearing thresholds. In addition, a significant association (

) between the tonotopic shift and preoperative hearing thresholds was observed. Tonotopic shifts of the maximum CM amplitudes occurred predominantly toward the basal direction.

Conclusions:
The combination of objective signal analysis and the consideration of intracochlear measurement locations enhances the understanding of cochlear health and overcomes the obstacles of current ECochG analysis. We could show the link between intraoperative CM amplitudes, their spatial distributions, and preoperative hearing thresholds. Consequently, our findings enable automated analysis and bear the potential to enhance specificity of ECochG, reinforcing its role as an objective biomarker for cochlear health.
Liquid biopsy in brain tumors: moving on, slowly
Authors: Berzero Giulia , Pieri Valentina , Palazzo Leonardo , Finocchiaro Gaetano , Filippi Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Due to limited access to the tumor, there is an obvious clinical potential for liquid biopsy in patients with primary brain tumors. Here, we review current approaches, present limitations to be dealt with, and new promising data that may impact the field.

Recent findings
The value of circulating tumor cell-free DNA (ctDNA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the noninvasive diagnosis of primary brain tumors has been confirmed in several reports. The detection of ctDNA in the peripheral blood is desirable for patient follow-up but requires ultrasensitive methods to identify low mutant allelic frequencies. Digital PCR approaches and targeted gene panels have been used to identify recurrent hotspot mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) from CSF or plasma. Tumor classification from circulating methylomes in plasma has been actively pursued, although the need of advanced bioinformatics currently hampers clinical application. The use of focused ultrasounds to open the blood-brain barrier may represent a way to enrich of ctDNA the peripheral blood and enhance plasma-based liquid biopsy.

Summary
Monitoring CNVs and hotspot mutations by liquid biopsy is a promising tool to detect minimal residual disease and strengthen response assessment in patients with primary brain tumors. Novel methods to increase the relative and/or absolute amount of ctDNA can improve the clinical potential of plasma-based liquid biopsies.
Modeling the management of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with liquid biopsy: the future of precision medicine
Authors: Nicolò Eleonora , Gianni Caterina , Curigliano Giuseppe , Reduzzi Carolina , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
In the evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) management, liquid biopsy offers unprecedented opportunities for guiding clinical decisions. Here, we review the most recent findings on liquid biopsy applications in HER2-positive BC and its potential role in addressing challenges specific to this BC subtype.

Recent findings
Recent studies have highlighted the significance of liquid biopsy analytes, primarily circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), in stratifying patients’ prognosis, predicting treatment response, and monitoring tumor evolution in both early and advanced stages of BC. Liquid biopsy holds promise in studying minimal residual disease to detect and potentially treat disease recurrence before it manifests clinically. Additionally, liquid biopsy may have significant implication in the management of brain metastasis, a major challenge in HER2-positive BC, and could redefine parameters for determining HER2 positivity. Combining ctDNA and CTCs is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of HER2-positive tumors, as they provide complementary insights.

Summary
Research efforts are needed to address analytical challenges, validate, and broaden the application of liquid biopsy in HER2-positive BC. This effort will ultimately facilitate its integration into clinical practice, optimizing the care of patients with HER2-positive tumors.
Epidemiological studies likely need to consider PM2.5 composition even if total outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration is the exposure of interest
Authors: Weichenthal Scott , Christidis Tanya , Olaniyan Toyib , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall , Tjepkema Michael , Burnett Rick T. , Brauer Michael 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Outdoor fine particulate air pollution, <2.5 µm (PM2.5) mass concentrations can be constructed through many different combinations of chemical components that have varying levels of toxicity. This poses a challenge for studies interested in estimating the health effects of total outdoor PM2.5 (i.e., how much PM2.5 mass is present in the air regardless of composition) because we must consider possible confounders of the version of treatment-outcome relationships.

Methods:
We evaluated the extent of possible bias in mortality hazard ratios for total outdoor PM2.5 by examining models with and without adjustment for sulfate and nitrate in PM2.5 as examples of potential confounders of version of treatment-outcome relationships. Our study included approximately 3 million Canadians and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for total outdoor PM2.5 adjusting for sulfate and/or nitrate and other relevant covariates.

Results:
Hazard ratios for total outdoor PM2.5 and nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were overestimated due to the confounding version of treatment-outcome relationships, and associations for lung cancer mortality were underestimated. Sulfate was most strongly associated with nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality suggesting that regulations targeting this specific component of outdoor PM2.5 may have greater health benefits than interventions targeting total PM2.5.

Conclusions:
Studies interested in estimating the health impacts of total outdoor PM2.5 (i.e., how much PM2.5 mass is present in the air) need to consider potential confounders of the version of treatment-outcome relationships. Otherwise, health risk estimates for total PM2.5 will reflect some unknown combination of how much PM2.5 mass is present in the air and the kind of PM2.5 mass that is present.
Outcomes of Donor Corneas of Different Thicknesses From Endothelial Keratoplasty in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Keratoconus
Authors: Zhao Yinghan , Du Kaiyue , Peng Rongmei , Hong Jing 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of divided residual donor corneas obtained from endothelial keratoplasty in keratoconus with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods:
In this retrospective, comparative, clinical study, 103 keratoconic eyes that underwent DALK were enrolled; 67 eyes received thin grafts from Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, and 36 received thick grafts from Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Baseline and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), inferior corneal thickness, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, mean keratometry, biomechanical properties, and complication rates were measured.

Results:
Six months after transplantation, the group receiving thin grafts had a CCT of only 455.1 ± 43.0 μm, whereas that of the group receiving thick grafts was 546.7 ± 44.2 μm. Both CCT and inferior corneal thickness in the thin group were significantly lower than those in the thick group (measured with Pentacam at 36 months, P < 0.001) and remained throughout the 5-year follow-up period. Both procedures had comparable postoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution UDVAs, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution corrected distance visual acuity, astigmatism, and mean keratometry values (36 months; P = 0.335, 0.286, 0.680, and 0.365, respectively). Corneal biomechanical analysis revealed that the thin group had a significantly higher stiffness parameter at the first applanation than the thick group at the 2-year follow-up (P = 0.036) while other parameters were equivalent.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of keratoplasty with donor tissue are comparable regardless of the thickness of the graft, which suggests that transplantation with either type of the split corneal procedure for DALK in patients with keratoconus is feasible.
Peri-levator Betamethasone Versus Triamcinolone Injection in Management of Thyroid Eye Disease–related Upper Eyelid Retraction Without Proptosis
Authors: Awad Rawda A. , Abo-Ghadir Ahmed A. , Hussien Mohamed Shehata , Awad Ahmad A. , Kedwany Salma M. , Mohammad Abd El-Nasser A. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of peri-levator injection of both betamethasone and triamcinolone in the management of thyroid eye disease-related upper eyelid retraction without proptosis.

Methods:
This prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Assiut University Hospital, Upper Egypt in the period between December 2021 and October 2023. The study included 47 patients (56 eyes) and was divided into 2 groups. In group A, 1 ml betamethasone was injected into the peri-levator area, while in group B, 1 ml triamcinolone was injected. The injection was repeated every month for up to 5 injections if there was an improvement in margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1). The injection was stopped if MRD1 reached the normal value or if 2 successive injections caused no improvement in MRD1. The postinjection outcome was divided into: 1) effective if MRD1 reached the normal ≤4.5 mm; 2) partially effective if MRD1 was improved but did not reach the normal; and 3) ineffective if there was no improvement in MRD1. The follow up ranged from 6 to 20 months.

Results:
In group A, the injection was effective in 26 eyes (92.9%) and partially effective in 2 eyes (7.1%). In group B, the injection was effective in 17 eyes (60.7%), partially effective in 6 eyes (21.4%), and ineffective in 5 eyes (17.9%). The mean number of injections was significantly lower in group A than in group B: 1.61 ± 0.50 versus 2.36 ± 1.16.

Conclusions:
This study results suggest that betamethasone is more effective with a smaller number of injections than triamcinolone in the management of thyroid eye disease-related upper eyelid retraction.
Persons with Unilateral Transtibial Amputations Modulate Ipsilateral Hip and Contralateral Ankle Joint Work to Accelerate and Decelerate Walking
Authors: Chen Ethan , Shafer Anna , Stack Amanda , Pinhey Shay , Gordon Keith E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Loss of power production at the ankle joint contributes to many problems people with unilateral transtibial (UTT) amputation experience during walking. Little is known about walking acceleration and deceleration, which is common in daily living and may require substantial compensatory behaviors from the residual lower-limb joints.

Objective
The aim of this study was to quantify individual lower-limb joint contributions to walking acceleration and deceleration in people with UTT amputations. We hypothesized that joint work on the prosthetic limb would be primarily modulated at the hip, and joint work on the sound limb would be primarily modulated at the ankle.

Study Design
The study is a repeated-measures design.

Methods
Six K3 level ambulators with UTT amputations participated. Participants performed a total of 40 walking trials while wearing their own nonarticulated dynamic prosthetic foot and socket. Each trial consisted of walking along a straight walkway. After walking approximately 2 m, participants received a cue instructing them to perform one of three walking conditions: continue walking at a constant average velocity, rapidly accelerate, or rapidly decelerate. We used ground reaction forces and motion capture data to derive joint kinematics and kinetics during the three walking conditions. We used one-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to identify significant differences between conditions.

Results
For the sound limb, positive hip and ankle work was significantly greater during acceleration compared with constant average velocity or deceleration conditions, and negative knee work was significantly greater during acceleration compared with deceleration. For the prosthetic limb, negative ankle work was significantly greater during acceleration compared with deceleration.

Conclusions
People with UTT amputation who use nonarticulated prostheses primarily modulated joint work on their sound limb to accelerate or decelerate walking speed.

Clinical Relevance
Characterizing compensatory behaviors of people with a UTT amputation is important for understanding injury mechanisms, informing clinical guidelines, and improving future ankle-foot prosthesis designs.
Treatment-induced anogenital melanosis is a very frequent finding in patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Erdogan Gülgün , Weyer-Fahlbusch Sera S. , Susok Laura 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Pigmented lesions such as melanosis have rarely been reported in patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) that is typically characterized by hypopigmented lesions.

Objective:
We aimed to analyze systematically anogenital melanosis in a large cohort of VLS patients.

Methods:
We analyzed the clinical data of 198 female patients with VLS. The anogenital lesions of all patients were professionally photographed in a standardized position and illumination. Severity classification of architectural findings followed an easy-to-use clinical score. A modified Melasma Area and Severity Index and an image analysis software were used to evaluate the area and intensity of pigmentation.

Results:
According to the clinical score, 79 (198/39.9%) patients showed grade 1 disease, 78 (198/39.4%) grade 2, 37 (198/18.7%) grade 3, and 4 (198/2%) grade 4 disease. About 111 (56.1%) of the 198 patients had anogenital melanosis with a median modified Melasma Area and Severity Index of 3.6 (0.4–14). Univariate analysis revealed that anogenital melanosis was positively correlated with the use of topical estrogens (P = .0018) and negatively correlated with the use of pulsed high-dose corticosteroids plus low-dose methotrexate (PHDC-LDM, P = .021). On multivariable analysis, the use of topical hormone therapy turned out to be a strong independent predictor for the presence of anogenital melanosis (odds ratio: 4.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.66–12.57, P = .0033), whereas PHDC-LDM use was an independent predictor for the absence of anogenital melanosis (odds ratio: 0.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.84, P = .018).

Limitations:
The study includes the retrospective monocentric design.

Conclusion:
Anogenital melanosis is a very frequent and so far, under-reported clinical finding in VLS patients. It is likely caused by the use of topical estrogens employed for VLS treatment. In contrast, patients with more severe disease and PHDC-LDM treatment appear to develop less likely anogenital melanosis.