bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humans and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Konopka Geneviève , Caglayan Emre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Human brain evolution is marked by an enlarged brain and unparalleled cognitive capabilities. Additionally, the human brain has higher susceptibility for certain brain disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) that can be characterized as human-enriched, if not human-specific, disorders. Many human-specific molecular changes at the level of DNA sequence and gene regulation underlie the observed phenotypic divergence of humans. This chapter discusses past research that characterized the molecular divergence of the human brain at various levels (e.g., genome, transcriptome, epigenome comparisons across brain regions and cell types) and how molecular divergence relates to phenotypic divergence. Studies focusing on the association of molecular features driving evolutionary divergence and disease susceptibility will also be reviewed at each level. Collectively, these studies show that human brain evolution and human brain diseases display overlapping phenotypic and genotypic features, although evolutionarily conserved molecular features may be overall more associated with diseases than non-conserved features.
An Evolutionary Psychoneuroimmunological Approach to Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Rantala Markus J. , Borráz-León Javier I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is not a unitary disorder. From an evolutionary perspective, it should be divided into different subtypes based on triggering factors. Some of the symptoms of depression are adaptations to solve adaptive problems that trigger mood swings, while some others are maladaptive. MDD has become more common in societies that have adopted modern “Western” lifestyles. The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis suggests that this is because the human mind and body are not adapted to live under the characteristics of modern “Western” lifestyles. The evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological approach suggests that modern lifestyles increase the prevalence of systemic low-grade inflammation and chronic stress, which underlies neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers sickness behavior symptoms, many of which are the same as those observed in MDD, likely changing the previously adaptive mood into a maladaptive state of MDD.
Schizophrenia
Authors: Allen John S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex behavioral and cognitive phenotype that overlaps significantly in its expression with other clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Evolutionary analyses of schizophrenia have been predicated on the following characteristics of the condition: high heritability, relatively low fertility in individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population, the absence of an environmental or exogenous triggering agent (e.g., a virus), and subclinical phenotypic continuity between those with schizophrenia and their close relatives. With the advent of genome-wide association studies and the identification of more than 100 schizophrenia-risk loci, each of small effect, older balanced polymorphism models are now much less tenable. Instead, evolutionary modelers are focusing on schizophrenia phenotypes as being an emergent quality of human brain and behavior evolution. Evidence suggests that genes important in human neuro-evolution may be overrepresented among the population of schizophrenia-risk alleles. Schizophrenia may therefore be a fundamental aspect of human behavioral evolution.
Memory
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A memory system can be defined as an organized relationship among brain structures involving processes that make possible memory acquisition, consolidation/retention, and utilization. Memory has been referred to in a general way to describe the ability to conserve and later remember experiences. Memory may be categorized in several ways. General classifications have included (a) by the subprocesses used in storage (i.e., ultra-short-term, short-term, and long-term), (b) by the process used in retrieving memories (through thought, action, or perception), and (c) by the modality of cognitive memory that is lost in amnesia (i.e., global, partial, or specific). This chapter discusses the current classification of multiple memory systems. It reviews specific definitions in the classification of memory, reviews the neuroanatomy and synaptic basis of memory, discusses animal models, highlights the relationship of sleep and memory, discusses emotional and autobiographical memory, and considers how disturbances of memory might be pertinent to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Attachment Security Disorders
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Attachment theory has important implications not only for typically developing children but also for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Attachment relationships, secure and insecure, influence adaptation in neurodevelopmental disorders by interacting with other risk factors. When attachment is secure, it reduces risk; when it is insecure, it may increase vulnerability to stressors. Attachment security paradigms, particularly the Strange Situation procedure, must be used for the development of internal working models about the applicability of the disorganized attachment category to people with neurodevelopmental disorders and the use of the term “attachment other” in reference to children raised in institutions with limited social engagement and physical stimulation. This chapter discusses both the impact of severe early deprivation on attachment in typically developing children and attachment issues in those with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Comparison Between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam-Fentanyl Combination in Flexible Bronchoscopy
Authors: Magazine Rahul , Elenjickal Vrinda Mariya , Padukone Ambika M. , Bhat Anup , Chogtu Bharti 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Dexmedetomidine has acceptable clinical utility for inducing sedation during flexible bronchoscopy. Reducing its dose may not only ameliorate its cardiovascular side effects, but also maintain its clinical usefulness.

Methods:
Patients between 18 and 65 years were randomized to either dexmedetomidine (0.75 µg/kg) or the midazolam-fentanyl group (0.035 mg/kg midazolam and 25 mcg fentanyl). The primary outcome measure was the composite score. Other parameters noted were: oxygen saturation, hemodynamic variables, Modified Ramsay Sedation Score, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain intensity and distress, Visual Analog Scale score for cough, rescue medication doses, ease of doing bronchoscopy, and patient response 24 hours after bronchoscopy.

Results:
In each arm, 31 patients were enrolled. The composite score at the nasopharynx was in the ideal category in 26 patients in dexmedetomidine and 21 in the midazolam-fentanyl group (P=0.007). At the tracheal level, the corresponding values were 24 and 16 (P=0.056). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the secondary outcome measures except hemodynamic parameters. The mean heart rate in the dexmedetomidine and midazolam-fentanyl groups, respectively, was as follows: at 10 minutes after start of FB (90.10±14.575, 104.35±18.48; P=0.001), at the end of FB (98.39±18.70, 105.94±17.45; P=0.016), and at 10 minutes after end of FB (89.84±12.02, 93.90±13.74; P=0.022). No patient developed bradycardia. Two patients (P=0.491) in the dexmedetomidine group developed hypotension.

Conclusion:
Low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.75 μg/kg single dose) appears to lead to a better composite score compared with the midazolam-fentanyl combination.
A Single-center Experience With >200 Lung Transplant Recipients With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kehara Hiromu , Johnson-Whiting Ashley , Yanagida Roh , Krishan Kewal , Zhao Huaqing , Mishkin Aaron , Cordova Francis , Criner Gerard J. , Toyoda Yoshiya , Shigemura Norihisa 
Published: August 2024

Background.
Although COVID-19 is no longer a declared global health emergency, data remain limited on the impact of COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients.

Methods.
We identified lung transplant recipients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 2020 through August 2022 in our institutional database and investigated clinical outcomes. We then analyzed outcomes based on date of COVID-19 diagnosis (first wave March 2020–October 2020; second wave November 2020–2021; third wave December 2021–September 2022) and compared these results.

Results.
Of the 210 lung transplant recipients (median age 67; 67% men) enrolled, 140 (67%) required hospital admission. Among admitted recipients, 35 (25%) were intubated and 7 (5%) were placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Overall survival was 67.1% at 1 y and 59.0% at 2 y post-COVID-19 diagnosis. COVID-19 led to mortality in all 5 patients diagnosed during their index admission for lung transplantation. Although overall survival was significantly better in recipients with COVID-19 during the third wave, in-hospital mortality remained high (first wave 28%, second wave 38%, and 28% third wave). Vaccination (partially vaccinated versus none and fully vaccinated versus none) was the only significant protective factor for hospital admission, and age 70 y and older and partially vaccinated (versus none or fully vaccinated) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions.
Overall survival after COVID-19 infection in lung transplant recipients continues to improve; however, in-hospital mortality remains remarkably high. Vaccination appears to have been impactful in preventing hospital admission, but its impact on in-hospital mortality is still unclear. Further research is needed to better identify lung transplant recipients at high risk for mortality from COVID-19.
Safety and Efficacy of a Preemptive Mycophenolate Mofetil Dose Reduction Strategy in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Yatim Karim , Al Jurdi Ayman , El Mouhayyar Christopher , Morena Leela , Hullekes Frank E. , Verhoeff Ruchama , Ribas Guilherme T. , Pearson Daniel S. , V. Riella Leonardo 
Published: August 2024

Background.
There are no high-quality data to guide long-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to balance the long-term risks of allograft rejection with that of infections and malignancy. At our center, KTRs are managed with either a “preemptive” dose reduction strategy, where the MMF dose is reduced after the first year before the development of adverse events, or with a “reactive” dosing strategy, where they are maintained on the same MMF dose and only reduced if they develop an adverse event. We hypothesized that a preemptive MMF dosing strategy after the first year of transplantation is associated with decreased infections without increasing alloimmune complications.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all KTRs receiving MMF from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of infections requiring hospitalization.

Results.
One hundred forty-two KTRs met the inclusion criteria, of whom 44 (31%) were in the preemptive group and 98 (69%) were in the reactive group. The median follow-up was 4 y (interquartile range, 3.8–4.0). Multivariable analysis showed that a preemptive MMF dose reduction strategy was associated with a lower risk of infections requiring hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.92). There was no difference in graft loss, rejection, or estimated glomerular filtration rate slope.

Conclusions.
Preemptive MMF dose reduction in KTRs may be an effective strategy to prevent infections without increasing the risk of allograft rejection. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1)-mediated proteasomal degradation of viral haemagglutinin protein: a unique host defence mechanism
Authors: Shokeen Kamal , Baroi Malay Kumar , Chahar Manjeet , Das Debapratim , Saini Harimohan , Kumar Sachin 
Published: August 2024

Graphical abstract
Schematic representation of arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1)-mediated arginylation of cellular and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein.
Optimizing Electroporation Parameters for Efficient Delivery of Large Molecules into Pig Zygotes Using Fluorescent Dextrans from 3 to 2000 kDA
Authors: Fernández Juan Pablo , Kielau Paul , Hassel Petra , Kues Wilfried A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectroporation has revolutionized gene transfer and gene editing, enabling efficient delivery of molecules into embryos, with significant implications for developmental biology and biomedical research. This study aimed to optimize electroporation parameters for enhancing the delivery of large molecules into pig zygotes. We investigated the effects of fluorescence-coupled dextran reporters (FDs) of sizes ranging from 3 to 2000 kiloDalton (kDA) along with the impact of poring and transfer polarity settings during electroporation, on molecule permeability. Additionally, we assessed the influence of voltage and the number of poring pulses on the delivery of 2000 kDa FDs and examined the permeability of pre-IVF embryos and zona pellucida-weakened post-IVF embryos to this FD.Our findings highlighted size-dependent effects on FD uptake, with reversing poring polarity increasing the influx of small molecules (3 kDa FDs). The delivery of 2000 kDa FDs was not influenced by increased poring number but it was significantly influenced by voltage, reaching its optimum at 40 V. Electroporation in pre-IVF embryos did not show significant variation across different voltages. However, voltages higher than 20 V negatively affected blastocyst development rates. Zona-weakening did not improve permeability for the 2000 kDa FD.This study offers valuable insights into refining electroporation techniques for delivering large molecules into pig zygotes and highlights the relevance of commercial fluorescence-coupled dextrans as useful tools for exploring permeability dynamics in electroporated zygotes.
Achieving tractable and reliable agriculture supply chain operations through Industry 4.0 tools to support Lean Six Sigma application
Authors: Yeni Fatma Betül , Gürsoy Yılmaz Beren , Kayhan Behice Meltem , Özçelik Gökhan , Yılmaz Ömer Faruk 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aims to address challenges related to long lead time within a hazelnut company, primarily attributed to product quality issues. The purpose is to propose an integrated lean-based methodology incorporating a continuous improvement cycle, drawing on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Industry 4.0 applications.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a systematic approach, commencing with a current state analysis using VSM and fishbone analysis to identify underlying problems causing long lead time. A Pareto analysis categorizes these problems, distinguishing between supplier-related issues and deficiencies in lean applications. Lean tools are initially implemented, followed by a future state VSM. Supplier-related issues are then addressed, employing root cause analyses and Industry 4.0-based countermeasures, including a proposed supplier selection model.FindingsThe study reveals that, despite initial lean implementations, lead times remain high. Addressing supplier-related issues, particularly through the proposed supplier selection model, significantly reduces the number of suppliers and contributes to lead time reduction. Industry 4.0-based countermeasures ensure traceability and strengthen supplier relationships.Originality/valueThis research introduces a comprehensive LSS methodology, practically demonstrating the application of various tools and providing managerial insights for practitioners and policymakers. The study contributes theoretically by addressing challenges comprehensively, practically by showcasing tool applications and managerially by offering guidance for system performance enhancement.
Risk factor of disability as new certification of long‐term care needs in older Japanese adults with diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study
Authors: Toyoshima Kenji , Tamura Yoshiaki , Murao Yuji , Kodera Remi , Oba Kazuhito , Ishikawa Joji , Chiba Yuko , Araki Atsushi 
Published: August 2024

AimThis observational longitudinal study aimed to explore the risk factors for disabilities in older Japanese individuals with diabetes at a frailty clinic, an outpatient clinic specializing in comprehensive geriatric assessments for older patients.MethodsThe outcome was the onset of disability as a new certification of long‐term care needs in outpatients aged ≥65 years. Multivariable Cox regression analyses examined the independent associations between the onset of disability and the variables that reached significance in the bivariate analysis, after adjusting for age and sex, years of education, and certification of need for support.ResultsA total of 182 participants (mean age 77.8 years, 59.9% female) were included in the study. During a mean follow‐up period of 1070 days, 28 patients (15.4%) developed disabilities. Multivariable analysis showed that poor glycemic control (higher levels of glycosylated albumin and HbA1c), frailty as measured by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), cognitive decline as assessed by the revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (especially “5 object recall” and verbal fluency as assessed by the number of “vegetable names”), poor adherence to medications, and reduced muscle mass were significantly associated with the development of disability. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed independent and significant associations between the development of disability and HbA1c ≥7.5%, CFS ≥4, and generating vegetable names≤9.ConclusionIn identifying older patients with diabetes who are at risk of developing disabilities, it may be useful to evaluate glycemic control, CFS, cognition, and medication adherence. Verbal fluency tests using vegetable names may serve as simple tools for assessing the risk of disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••.
Oil‐to‐electricity retrofitting and deployment of rubber‐tyred gantry cranes considering low‐carbon policies
Authors: Ding Yi , Pan Deng , Chen Kaimin , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo address the high‐carbon emissions from port equipment, one of the most effective measures is to replace diesel‐powered rubber‐tyred gantry cranes (RTGs) with electric‐powered alternatives. However, the oil‐to‐electricity retrofitting for diesel‐driven RTGs may negatively impact port operation efficiency. Moreover, port enterprises typically do not initiate the retrofitting without the low‐carbon policies. Therefore, this study focuses on the retrofitting of RTGs in combination with their deployment under the carbon emissions trading (CET) and government subsidy policies. An integer programming model is developed to help port enterprises determine the multistage planning of RTGs' retrofitting and deployment. Based on the block‐diagonal structure of the proposed model, a column generation method employing Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition is developed. The optimal integer solution of the model is then further refined using a branch‐and‐price approach. The Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port is used for numerical experiments. Numerical results demonstrate that the implementation of CET and government subsidy policies can reduce approximately 17,630 tons of carbon emissions and $8,751,861 operating costs in container terminal yard. Meanwhile, increasing government subsidies and carbon trading prices, and reducing free carbon emission quotas can encourage port enterprises to reduce more emissions.
How germane are moral and economic policies to ideology? Evidence from Latin American legislators
Authors: Chavarría‐Mora Elías , Chen Chuang , González‐Rostani Valentina , Morgenstern Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow do legislators, many of whom hold policy positions that are not consistently conservative or progressive, position themselves on the left–right ideological scale? Analyzing data from the Parliamentary Elites in Latin America (PELA) survey, this paper leverages combinations of moral and economic policy positions to determine the weight—germaneness—of each policy on that scale. Using bi‐ and multivariate models on a database of about 5000 legislators, we confirm the importance of economics but also find that moral issues can be germane to the left–right placement of many of the region's legislators. The relative germaneness of the policies is inconsistent for legislators of the left and right. The left is more heterogeneous because moral policies are less germane to their identification. However, many centrists hold conservative economic and moral views, blurring the tie between policy and ideological positions. We confirm that contextual factors can sharpen the issue‐to‐ideology relationship.
Decoding plant‐induced transcriptomic variability and consistency in two related polyphagous mites differing in host ranges
Authors: Chen Lei , Guo Li‐Xue , Yu Xin‐Yue , Huo Shi‐Mei , Hoffmann Ary A. , Zhou Jia‐Yi , Sun Jing‐Tao , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe diet breadth of generalist herbivores when compared to specialists tends to be associated with greater transcriptional plasticity. Here, we consider whether it may also contribute to variation in host range among two generalists with different levels of polyphagy. We examined two related polyphagous spider mites with different host ranges, Tetranychus urticae (1200 plants) and Tetranychus truncatus (90 plants). Data from multiple populations of both species domesticated on common beans and transferred to new plant hosts (cotton, cucumber, eggplant) were used to investigate transcriptional plasticity relative to population‐based variation in gene expression. Compared to T. truncatus, T. urticae exhibited much higher transcriptional plasticity. Populations of this species also showed much more variable expression regulation in response to a plant host, particularly for genes related to detoxification, transport, and transcriptional factors. In response to the different plant hosts, both polyphagous species showed enriched processes of drug/xenobiotics metabolism, with T. urticae orchestrating a relatively broader array of biological pathways. Through co‐expression network analysis, we identified gene modules associated with host plant response, revealing shared hub genes primarily involved in detoxification metabolism when both mites fed on the same plants. After silencing a shared hub CYP gene related to eggplant exposure, the performance of both species on the original bean host improved, but the fecundity of T. truncatus decreased when feeding on eggplant. The extensive transcriptomic variation shown by T. urticae might serve as a potential compensatory mechanism for a deficiency of hub genes in this species. This research points to nuanced differences in transcriptomic variability between generalist herbivores.