bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiL-FISH: Multilabeled Oligonucleotides for Fluorescence
In Situ
Hybridization Improve Visualization of Bacterial Cells
Authors: Schimak Mario P. , Kleiner Manuel , Wetzel Silke , Liebeke Manuel , Dubilier Nicole , Fuchs Bernhard M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH) has become a vital tool for environmental and medical microbiology and is commonly used for the identification, localization, and isolation of defined microbial taxa. However, fluorescence signal strength is often a limiting factor for targeting all members in a microbial community. Here, we present the application of a multilabeled FISH approach (MiL-FISH) that (i) enables the simultaneous targeting of up to seven microbial groups using combinatorial labeling of a single oligonucleotide probe, (ii) is applicable for the isolation of unfixed environmental microorganisms via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and (iii) improves signal and imaging quality of tissue sections in acrylic resin for precise localization of individual microbial cells. We show the ability of MiL-FISH to distinguish between seven microbial groups using a mock community of marine organisms and its applicability for the localization of bacteria associated with animal tissue and their isolation from host tissues using FACS. To further increase the number of potential target organisms, a streamlined combinatorial labeling and spectral imaging-FISH (CLASI-FISH) concept with MiL-FISH probes is presented here. Through the combination of increased probe signal, the possibility of targeting hard-to-detect taxa and isolating these from an environmental sample, the identification and precise localization of microbiota in host tissues, and the simultaneous multilabeling of up to seven microbial groups, we show here that MiL-FISH is a multifaceted alternative to standard monolabeled FISH that can be used for a wide range of biological and medical applications.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping and Distribution of Coxiella burnetii Strains from Field Samples in Belgium
Authors: Dal Pozzo Fabiana , Renaville Bénédicte , Martinelle Ludovic , Renaville Robert , Thys Christine , Smeets François , Kirschvink Nathalie , Grégoire Fabien , Delooz Laurent , Czaplicki Guy , Saegerman Claude 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The genotypic characterization of
Coxiella burnetii
provides useful information about the strains circulating at the farm, region, or country level and may be used to identify the source of infection for animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the strains of
C. burnetii
circulating in caprine and bovine Belgian farms using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technique. Direct genotyping was applied to different samples (bulk tank milk, individual milk, vaginal swab, fetal product, and air sample). Besides the well-known SNP genotypes, unreported ones were found in bovine and caprine samples, increasing the variability of the strains found in the two species in Belgium. Moreover, multiple genotypes were detected contemporarily in caprine farms at different years of sampling and by using different samples. Interestingly, certain SNP genotypes were detected in both bovine and caprine samples, raising the question of interspecies transmission of the pathogen.
Degradation of Benzene by Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2 and 1YB2 Is Catalyzed by Enzymes Encoded in Distinct Catabolism Gene Clusters
Authors: de Lima-Morales Daiana , Chaves-Moreno Diego , Wos-Oxley Melissa L. , Jáuregui Ruy , Vilchez-Vargas Ramiro , Pieper Dietmar H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas veronii
1YdBTEX2, a benzene and toluene degrader, and
Pseudomonas veronii
1YB2, a benzene degrader, have previously been shown to be key players in a benzene-contaminated site. These strains harbor unique catabolic pathways for the degradation of benzene comprising a gene cluster encoding an isopropylbenzene dioxygenase where genes encoding downstream enzymes were interrupted by stop codons. Extradiol dioxygenases were recruited from gene clusters comprising genes encoding a 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase necessary for benzene degradation but typically absent from isopropylbenzene dioxygenase-encoding gene clusters. The benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase-encoding gene was not clustered with any other aromatic degradation genes, and the encoded protein was only distantly related to dehydrogenases of aromatic degradation pathways. The involvement of the different gene clusters in the degradation pathways was suggested by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
ELITE FEMALE RUGBY PLAYERS' (UNION VERSUS TOUCH): COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CERVICAL SPINE FUNCTION
Authors: Zietsman BB , McCarthy PW 
Published: October 2015

AimElite male rugby union players have a decreased active cervical range of motion (ACROM), the severity of which appears to correlate with number of years playing and position.1 Although the female game has yet to attain full professional status, players are still subjected to the same game related activities and might be expected to similarly accumulate degenerative changes in vertebral joints.2 This study was designed to determine if playing a contact sport affects ACROM of elite female players, compared with a control of similar level of play in the non-contact equivalent (touch rugby). The presence and degree of such changes might be affected by issues such as BMI, speed and the physiological differences between males and females.MethodsProtocol used is similar as that described by Lark and McCarthy, 2007. Briefly, a cervical range of motion device (CROM)3 was used to measure ACROM following a warm up procedure. From their neutral point to full flexion/extension and full left/right rotation was measured in no set order, (to reduce potential order effects). Ethical approval was granted by The Faculty of HSS Ethics Committee, University of Glamorgan, written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.Results35 Welsh International Rugby Union players (WRU) volunteered, 29 included. Exclusions: 4 pain on extension, 2 whiplash, split into 15/29 backs (WRU B), 14/29 forwards (WRU F); matched to 22/32 Welsh International Touch Rugby players (WTR), 8 exclusions: 1 whiplash, 7 con-current elite union players.Table 1Mass (Kg)Height (m)Neck (cm)Age (yrs)Elite Participation (yrs)Left RotationRight RotationTotalFlexionExtensionTotalWTR (n=22)61.7±6.0**1.7±0.131.9±2.2**29.1±5.6**4.4±5.476.4±6.6**73.3±6.8**149.7±11.3**51.0±12.878.8±13.5*129.8±15**WRU F (n=14)78.0±8.31.7±0.135.7±1.424.2±4.23.8±3.963.6±8.264.7±8.2128.3±12.646.7±16.757.3±8.8104.0±16.6WRU B (n=15)65.0±8.4**1.7±0.133.8±1.3**24.1±5.03.8±2.967.9±8.766.7±10.2134.5±12.156.0±17.566.1±17.2*122.1±19.9**The data was normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilkes), unpaired T-tests were used to compare players using SPSS V19. Data presented as mean ±1 SD: * indicates p<0.05 and ** p<0.01.ConclusionsThe decrease in ACROM for WRU relative to WTR players supports the contention that elite union leads to impaired neck function, regardless of the players' sex. Those in a forward position are particularly affected. This suggests that female elite union players have a similar risk of accelerated degeneration to the vertebral joints as their male counterparts. Further research is needed to determine cause, and whether any protocol can be established to lessen this effect.
PROSPECTIVE USE OF A NEUROMUSCULAR SCREENING TOOL TO DETERMINE RISK OF ATHLETIC INJURY
Authors: Horobin PD , Thawley P 
Published: October 2015

AimAthletes with poor neuromuscular control of the lower limb and pelvis are more susceptible to non-contact injuries such as primary1 and secondary2 ACL injury. Neuromuscular screening methods can be utilised to identify individuals that may benefit from injury preventative methods. The aim of this pilot study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of a visual rating criteria that does not limit focus to knee valgus alone and has not previously been used in a prospective study. The null hypothesis for this study is: poor neuromuscular control does not predispose an athlete to an increased risk of injury.Methods21 male footballers and 9 hockey players (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 21.5 years (SD 7.74) performed 3 repetitions of the single leg squat test on each limb whilst 2D video analysis software captured the movement in the sagittal plane. A single-leg loading qualitative assessment tool (QASLS) proposed by Herringtonet al3 was used to grade the neuromuscular control and injury statistics were collated throughout the remaining seasons of both sports.ResultsIndividuals that sustained injury (n=7), were found to have a poorer QASLS score than those that did not. Statistical significance was observed (p=0.01) between the two groups and inter-reliability of the assessment tool was good with no statistical difference (P=0.72) between two examiners who independently scored the athletes.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the QASLS is an effective and reliable tool for predicting injuries in athletes and as such can be used as a neuromuscular screening method as part of an injury preventative screening approach. These findings offer great potential for larger repeat studies of longer duration.
Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study
Authors: Naci Huseyin , Ioannidis John P A 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the comparative effectiveness of exercise versus drug interventions on mortality outcomes.DesignMetaepidemiological study.Eligibility criteriaMeta-analyses of randomised controlled trials with mortality outcomes comparing the effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions with each other or with control (placebo or usual care).Data sourcesMedline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, May 2013.Main outcome measureMortality.Data synthesisWe combined study level death outcomes from exercise and drug trials using random effects network meta-analysis.ResultsWe included 16 (four exercise and 12 drug) meta-analyses. Incorporating an additional three recent exercise trials, our review collectively included 305 randomised controlled trials with 339 274 participants. Across all four conditions with evidence on the effectiveness of exercise on mortality outcomes (secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, rehabilitation of stroke, treatment of heart failure, prevention of diabetes), 14 716 participants were randomised to physical activity interventions in 57 trials. No statistically detectable differences were evident between exercise and drug interventions in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and prediabetes. Physical activity interventions were more effective than drug treatment among patients with stroke (odds ratios, exercisevanticoagulants 0.09, 95% credible intervals 0.01 to 0.70 and exercisevantiplatelets 0.10, 0.01 to 0.62). Diuretics were more effective than exercise in heart failure (exercisevdiuretics 4.11,1.17to 24.76). Inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons was not significant.ConclusionsAlthough limited in quantity, existing randomised trial evidence on exercise interventions suggests that exercise and many drug interventions are often potentially similar in terms of their mortality benefits in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, rehabilitation after stroke, treatment of heart failure, and prevention of diabetes.
Lung function and respiratory symptoms among female hairdressers in Palestine: a 5-year prospective study
Authors: Nemer Maysaa , Kristensen Petter , Nijem Khaldoun , Bjertness Espen , Skare Øivind , Skogstad Marit 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesHairdressers are exposed to chemicals at the workplace which are known to cause respiratory symptoms and asthma. This study aimed to examine changes in self-reported respiratory symptoms over 5 years, as well as to examine the lung function decline and determine whether it is within the expected range, to assess the dropout rate and reasons for leaving the profession, and to examine the associations between occupational factors and lung function changes at follow-up.DesignProspective study.SettingFemale hairdressing salons in Hebron city, Palestine.Participants170 female hairdressers who participated in a baseline survey in 2008 were followed up in 2013. A total of 161 participants participated in 2013.Outcome measuresChange in reported respiratory symptoms and change in lung function over follow-up. Dropout from the profession and reasons for it. Differences between current and former hairdressers in respiratory symptoms and lung function at follow-up. Ambient air ammonia levels in 13 salons.ResultsCurrent hairdressers reported more respiratory symptoms in 2013 compared with baseline. Former hairdressers reported fewer symptoms at follow-up. At follow-up, current hairdressers showed a significant decrease in forced vital capacity of 35 mL/year (95% CI 26 to 44 mL/year) and of 31 mL/year (95% CI 25 to 36 mL/year) for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). 28 (16%) of the hairdressers quit the job during the 5-year follow-up, 8 (28%) because of health problems. Hairdressers who had been working for 4 years or more at baseline showed a stronger decline in FEV1compared with those who worked less than 4 years (difference 13, 95% CI 1 to 25).ConclusionsCurrent hairdressers developed more respiratory symptoms and larger lung function decline than former hairdressers during follow-up. Few hairdressers left their profession because of respiratory health problems. Working for more years is associated with lung function decline among current hairdressers.
Electronic and postal reminders for improving immunisation coverage in children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chachou Martel J , Mukinda Fidele K , Motaze Villyen , Wiysonge Charles S 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionWorldwide, suboptimal immunisation coverage causes the deaths of more than one million children under five from vaccine-preventable diseases every year. Reasons for suboptimal coverage are multifactorial, and a combination of interventions is needed to improve compliance with immunisation schedules. One intervention relies on reminders, where the health system prompts caregivers to attend immunisation appointments on time or re-engages caregivers who have defaulted on scheduled appointments. We undertake this systematic review to investigate the potential of reminders using emails, phone calls, social media, letters or postcards to improve immunisation coverage in children under five.Methods and analysisWe will search for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Science Citation Index, WHOLIS, Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Platform. We will conduct screening of search results, study selection, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment in duplicate, resolving disagreements by consensus. In addition, we will pool data from clinically homogeneous studies using random-effects meta-analysis; assess heterogeneity of effects using the χ2test of homogeneity; and quantify any observed heterogeneity using the I2statistic.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol does not need approval by an ethics committee because we will use publicly available data, without directly involving human participants. The results will provide updated evidence on the effects of electronic and postal reminders on immunisation coverage, and we will discuss the applicability of the findings to low and middle-income countries. We plan to disseminate review findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conferences. In addition, we will prepare a policymaker-friendly summary using a validated format (eg, SUPPORT Summary) and disseminate this through social media and email discussion groups.Review registration numberPROSPERO registration number CRD42014012888.
Gender-specific and age-specific differences in unstable angina pectoris admissions: a population-based registry study in Finland
Authors: Kytö Ville , Sipilä Jussi , Rautava Päivi 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate gender-specific and age-specific differences in the occurrence of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) caused admissions.DesignPopulation-based retrospective registry study in Finland.ParticipantsAll consecutive patients aged ≥30 years hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of UAP in 22 hospitals with a coronary catheterisation laboratory during 5/2000–10/2009.Primary outcome measuresGender-specific and age-specific differences and trends in occurrence of UAP admissions.ResultsThe study period included 27 282 admissions caused primarily by UAP. Of these, 61.9% occurred to men and 38.1% to women with age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.85 (CI 1.61 to 2.14) for the male gender (p<0.0001). The standardised incidence rate of UAP during the whole study was 92.8 (CI 91.8 to 93.9)/100 000 person-years. The incidence rate increased gradually from 1.3 in the population aged 30–34 years to 268.0/100 000 in the population aged 75–84 years. Men had a 2.4-fold risk for UAP admission compared with women in the general population (incidence rate ratio 2.39; CI 2.24 to 2.56; p<0.0001). Gender difference was present in all age groups. UAP caused 22.4% of acute coronary syndrome admissions and 4.7% of all cardiovascular admissions. UAP was more likely to be the cause of cardiovascular admission in male patients (RR=1.25; CI 1.21 to 1.30, p<0.0001 compared with female patients), but there was no gender difference in acute coronary syndrome admissions. The incidence rate of UAP hospitalisations in the general population declined by an estimated 8% per study-year (p<0.0001). Declining incidence was evident regardless of gender and age.ConclusionsMen have a 2.4-fold overall RR for UAP admission compared to women in the general population. Admissions due to UAP have a declining incidence trend across the adult Finnish population.
Preoperative embolization of intracranial hemangiopericytomas: case series and introduction of the transtumoral embolization technique
Authors: Hanak Brian W , Haussen Diogo C , Ambekar Sudheer , Ferreira Manuel , Ghodke Basavaraj V , Peterson Eric C 
Published: October 2015

Background and purposeHemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare dural-based neoplasms. Preoperative embolization of these notoriously hypervascular tumors can be challenging as they often receive their dominant blood supply from pial feeders arising from the internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebrobasilar (VB) circulation. This study reviews our historical experience with HPC embolization and introduces the transtumoral technique for backfilling pial tumor vasculature by delivering Onyx-18 through diminutive external carotid artery (ECA) feeders.MethodsA retrospective review of all preoperative HPC embolizations performed at Anonymous University #1 (September 2002–November 2014) and Anonymous University #2 (January 2014–November 2014) is presented.ResultsFifteen patients with pathologically confirmed HPC underwent 17 embolizations. More extensive devascularization percentages were achieved for HPCs with primarily ECA blood supply (76.4±10.7%; n=6) than with HPCs supplied via the ICA/VB circulation (57.9±26.9%; n=8; p=0.046). There was a trend towards greater devascularization of ICA/VB-dominant HPCs embolized with Onyx (70.0±34.6%; n=4) versus polyvinyl alcohol particles (33.3±15.3%; n=3). The extent of angiographic devascularization negatively correlated with intraoperative blood loss (rho=−0.71; p=0.005). There were no embolization-related complications.ConclusionsThe extent of preoperative embolization of HPCs correlates with decreased intraoperative blood loss. However, HPCs with an ICA/VB-dominant blood supply remain challenging embolization targets, demonstrating reduced devascularization percentages compared with ECA-dominant counterparts. The authors favor the use of Onyx for ICA/VB-dominant HPCs, noting a trend towards an improved devascularization rate.
Real-Time Analysis of Temperature Changes in Composite Increments and Pulp Chamber during Photopolymerization
Authors: Kim Ryan Jin-Young , Lee In-Bog , Yoo Jin-Young , Park Su-Jung , Kim Sin-Young , Yi Young-Ah , Hwang Ji-Yun , Seo Deog-Gyu 
Published: October 2015

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature change at various sites within the composite and on the pulpal side of dentin during polymerization of two composite increments.Materials and Methods. Class I cavities prepared in third molars were restored in two composite increments (n= 5). Temperatures were measured for 110 s using eight thermocouples: bottom center of cavity (BC), top center of 1st increment (MC), top center of 2nd increment (TC), bottom corner of cavity (BE), top corner of 1st increment (ME), top corner of 2nd increment (TE), pulpal side of dentin (PD), and center of curing light guide tip (CL).Results. Maximum temperature values (°C) measured during polymerization of 1st increment were MC (59.8); BC (52.8); ME (51.3); CL (50.7); BE (48.4); and PD (39.8). Maximum temperature values during polymerization of 2nd increment were TC 58.5; TE (52.6); MC (51.7); CL (50.0); ME (48.0); BC (46.7); BE (44.5); and PD (38.8).Conclusion. Temperature at the floor of the cavity was significantly higher during polymerization of 1st increment compared to 2nd increment. Temperature rise was higher at the center than at the corner and at the top surface than at the bottom surface of each increment.
Competitive Binding Between Id1 and E2F1 to Cdc20 Regulates E2F1 Degradation and Thymidylate Synthase Expression to Promote Esophageal Cancer Chemoresistance
Authors: Li Bin , Xu Wen Wen , Guan Xin Yuan , Qin Yan Ru , Law Simon , Lee Nikki Pui Yue , Chan Kin Tak , Tam Pui Ying , Li Yuk Yin , Chan Kwok Wah , Yuen Hiu Fung , Tsao Sai Wah , He Qing Yu , Cheung Annie L.M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy. We found that fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, established through exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU, showed upregulation of Id1, IGF2, and E2F1. We hypothesized that these genes may play an important role in cancer chemoresistance.
Experimental Design: In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to study the effects of Id1–E2F1–IGF2 signaling in chemoresistance. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Id1 regulates E2F1 and by which E2F1 regulates IGF2. Clinical specimens, tumor tissue microarray, and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were used to analyze the correlations between gene expressions and the relationships between expression profiles and patient survival outcomes.
Results: Id1 conferred 5-FU chemoresistance through E2F1-dependent induction of thymidylate synthase expression in esophageal cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Mechanistically, Id1 protects E2F1 protein from degradation and increases its expression by binding competitively to Cdc20, whereas E2F1 mediates Id1-induced upregulation of IGF2 by binding directly to the IGF2 promoter and activating its transcription. The expression level of E2F1 was positively correlated with that of Id1 and IGF2 in human cancers. More importantly, concurrent high expression of Id1 and IGF2 was associated with unfavorable patient survival in multiple cancer types.
Conclusions: Our findings define an intricate E2F1-dependent mechanism by which Id1 increases thymidylate synthase and IGF2 expressions to promote cancer chemoresistance. The Id1–E2F1–IGF2 regulatory axis has important implications for cancer prognosis and treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1243–55. ©2015 AACR.