bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Estimated Breeding Values Using Genomic Relationship Matrices in a Cloned Population of Loblolly Pine
Authors: Zapata-Valenzuela Jaime , Whetten Ross W , Neale David , McKeand Steve , Isik Fikret 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Replacement of the average numerator relationship matrix derived from the pedigree with the realized genomic relationship matrix based on DNA markers might be an attractive strategy in forest tree breeding for predictions of genetic merit. We used genotypes from 3461 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci to estimate genomic relationships for a population of 165 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) individuals. Phenotypes of the 165 individuals were obtained from clonally replicated field trials and were used to estimate breeding values for growth (stem volume). Two alternative methods, based on allele frequencies or regression, were used to generate the genomic relationship matrices. The accuracies of genomic estimated breeding values based on the genomic relationship matrices and breeding values estimated based on the average numerator relationship matrix were compared. On average, the accuracy of predictions based on genomic relationships ranged between 0.37 and 0.74 depending on the validation method. We did not detect differences in the accuracy of predictions based on genomic relationship matrices estimated by two different methods. Using genomic relationship matrices allowed modeling of Mendelian segregation within full-sib families, an important advantage over a traditional genetic evaluation system based on pedigree. We conclude that estimation of genomic relationships could be a powerful tool in forest tree breeding because it accurately accounts both for genetic relationships among individuals and for nuisance effects such as location and replicate effects, and makes more accurate selection possible within full-sib crosses.
Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population
Authors: Yamaguchi Miwa , Arisawa Kokichi , Uemura Hirokazu , Katsuura‐Kamano Sakurako , Takami Hidenobu , Sawachika Fusakazu , Nakamoto Mariko , Juta Tomoya , Toda Eisaku , Mori Kei , Hasegawa Manabu , Tanto Masaharu , Shima Masayuki , Sumiyoshi Yoshio , Kodama Kazunori , Suzuki Takaichiro , Nagai Masaki , Satoh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2013

Consumption of Seafood, Serum Liver Enzymes, and Blood Levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Japanese Population: Miwa YAMAGUCHI, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan—ObjectivePerfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been shown to accumulate in the human body. The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on 307 men and 301 women (aged 16−76 years) living in 15 prefectures in Japan. Blood levels of PFOS and PFOA were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Hepatic enzymes (γ‐GTP, GOT, and GPT) and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) levels in serum were also measured. Associations between the levels of PFOS and PFOA in blood and the intake frequency of 41 kinds of dishes, foods and beverages and the serum levels of liver enzymes and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined using rank correlations.ResultsFrequency of intake of boiled fish in broth, sliced raw fish and coastal fish showed significant positive correlations with PFOS concentrations in blood after adjustments for potential confounders. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, DHA and EPA showed significant positive correlations with PFOS and PFOA in blood. There was also a significant regional difference in the blood levels of PFOS and PFOA, with medians being highest in the Tokai/Hokuriku/ Kinki region.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the concentrations of PFOS in blood were mainly associated with fish consumption and that the levels of PFOS and PFOA were associated with the serum levels of liver enzymes in Japanese populations. Further investigations are required to clarify the reason for the regional differences in blood levels of PFOS and PFOA in Japan.
MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway Analysis in Primary Osteoblasts from Patients with Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Kim Sun-Don , Yagnik Garima , Cunningham Michael L. , Kim Jinoh , Boyadjiev Simeon A. 
Published: April 2013

Objective The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway has been implicated in several craniosynostosis syndromes and represents a plausible target for therapeutic management of craniosynostosis. The causes of sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC) have not been well understood and the role that MAPK/ERK signaling cascade plays in this condition warrants an investigation. We hypothesized that MAPK-signaling is misregulated in calvarial osteoblasts derived from patients with sNSC. Methods In order to analyze if the MAPK/ERK pathway is perturbed in sNSC, we established primary calvarial osteoblast cell lines from patients undergoing surgery for correction of this congenital anomaly. Appropriate negative and positive control cell lines were used for comparison, and we examined the levels of phosphorylated ERK by immunoblotting. Results Primary osteoblasts from patients with sNSC showed no difference in ERK1/2 phosphorylation with or without FGF2 stimulation as compared with control osteoblasts. Conclusion Under the described test conditions, we did not observe convincing evidence that MAPK/ERK signaling contributes to the development of sNSC.
Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis in a Patient With Nephrotic Syndrome Associated With Primary Renal Amyloidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Fentoğlu Özlem , Günhan Meral , Kürkçüoğlu Işın , Gürgan Cem A. , Sezer M. Tuğrul , Günhan Ömer 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Renal amyloidosis may lead to renal disease, and then nephrotic syndrome may develop. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report in which a patient presents with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with renal amyloidosis.Case Presentation: An 18‐year‐old male presented to the periodontology department for generalized gingival recessions. He was diagnosed as having primary renal amyloidosis by his physician. The patient presented with severe gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Biochemical tests were within normal limits except for serum albumin level. No amyloid deposition was found in a gingival biopsy, and the patient was diagnosed as having GAgP. Non‐surgical periodontal treatment, in combination with antibiotic treatment, was performed. After 3 years, his systemic and periodontal conditions showed deterioration.Conclusions: The effects of systemic factors related to nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with renal amyloidosis and deterioration in oral hygiene may play a significant role in the progression of periodontal disease. Even if there is no amyloid deposition in periodontal tissues, clinicians should consider that nephrotic syndrome associated with systemic amyloidosis may provide an important contribution to the periodontal breakdown by the modifying conditions that affect the host response to the accumulation of dental biofilm.
Implant‐Supported Crown Design and the Risk for Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Chaves Eros S. , Lovell J. Stephen , Tahmasebi Safa 
Published: April 2013

Focused Clinical Question: Is dental implant crown design and overcontour a risk for peri‐implantitis?Summary: Peri‐implantitis is a very significant complication in implant therapy caused by bacterial infection on the implant surfaces. Peri‐implantitis can become a liability issue in clinical practice, mainly because of the patient's expectation, additional expense involved, and the need for additional surgical and restorative procedures. The use of preventive plaque control measures and strict recall programs are very important in clinical practices involved in implant dentistry. There are many risk factors associated with peri‐implantitis, such as biologic, mechanical, and iatrogenic. This paper focuses on the potential risk associated with implant‐supported overcontoured restorations, which favor bacterial biofilm accumulation and, most importantly, restrict appropriate hygiene access by the patient and the dental care provider, leading to peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. This paper also suggests the need for increasing communication among the implant team members, including laboratory technicians. The use of three‐dimensional computer technology for dental implant restorative design is suggested as a tool to improve communication.Conclusions: Restorative planning and design of dental implants may be crucial to reducing the number of peri‐implantitis cases. This paper should improve the awareness of the importance of proper crown design on non‐submerged one‐stage dental implants and emphasize the risks for soft‐tissue inflammation and peri‐implantitis when implant‐supported restorative crowns are overcontoured.
Production of l-tryptophan by enantioselective hydrolysis of d,l-tryptophanamide using a newly isolated bacterium
Authors: Xu Jian-Miao , Chen Ben , Wang Yuan-Shan , Zheng Yu-Guo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBacterial strain ZJB-09211 capable of amidase production has recently been isolated from soil samples. The strain is able to asymmetrically hydrolyze l-tryptophanamide from d,l-tryptophanamide to produce l-tryptophan in high yield and with excellent stereoselectivity (enantiomeric excess > 99.9 %, and enantiomeric ratio > 200). Strain ZJB-09211 has been identified as Flavobacterium aquatile based on the cell morphology analysis, physiological tests, and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Optimization of the fermentation medium led to an about six-fold increase in the amidase activity of strain ZJB-09211, which reached 501.5 U L−1. Substrate specifity and stereoselectivity investigations revealed that amidase of F. aquatile possessed a broad substrate spectrum and high enantioselectivity.
Incremental Development of Multiple Tool Models for Robotic Reaching Through Autonomous Exploration
Authors: Jamone Lorenzo , Damas Bruno , Endo Nobotsuna , Santos-Victor José , Takanishi Atsuo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Autonomy and flexibility are two major requirements for modern robots. In particular, humanoid robots should learn new skills incrementally through autonomous exploration, and adapt to different contexts. In this paper we consider the problem of learning forward models for task space control under dynamically varying kinematic contexts: the robot learns incrementally and autonomously its forward kinematics under different contexts, represented by the inclusion of different tools, and exploits the learned model to realize reaching with those tools. We model the forward kinematics as a multi-valued function, in which different outputs for the same input query are related to different tools (i.e. contexts). The model is estimated using IMLE, a recent online learning algorithm for multi-valued regression, and used for control. No information is given about the tool changes, nor any assumption is made about the tool kinematics. Results are provided both in simulation and with a full-body humanoid. In the latter case we show how the robot successfully performs reaching using a flexible tool, a clear example of complex kinematics.
A look underneath the SiO2/4H-SiC interface after N2O thermal treatments
Authors: Fiorenza Patrick , Giannazzo Filippo , Swanson Lukas K , Frazzetto Alessia , Lorenti Simona , Alessandrino Mario S , Roccaforte Fabrizio 
Published: April 2013

The electrical compensation effect of the nitrogen incorporation at the SiO2/4H-SiC (p-type) interface after thermal treatments in ambient N2O is investigated employing both scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). SSRM measurements on p-type 4H-SiC areas selectively exposed to N2O at 1150 °C showed an increased resistance compared to the unexposed ones; this indicates the incorporation of electrically active nitrogen-related donors, which compensate the p-type doping in the SiC surface region. Cross-sectional SCM measurements on SiO2/4H-SiC metal/oxide/semiconductor (MOS) devices highlighted different active carrier concentration profiles in the first 10 nm underneath the insulator–substrate interface depending on the SiO2/4H-SiC roughness.The electrically active incorporated nitrogen produces both a compensation of the acceptors in the substrate and a reduction of the interface state density (Dit). This result can be correlated with the 4H-SiC surface configuration. In particular, lower Dit values were obtained for a SiO2/SiC interface on faceted SiC than on planar SiC. These effects were explained in terms of the different surface configuration in faceted SiC that enables the simultaneous exposition at the interface of atomic planes with different orientations.
Organisation matricielle et coordination transversale : le budget demeure l'outil privilégié
Authors: Thomas Catherine 
Published: April 2013

La coordination transversale renforce l’autonomie des acteurs et leur nécessaire coopération dans l’acte productif. Elle remet ainsi en cause deux hypothèses clés sur lesquelles repose le contrôle de gestion traditionnel : la modélisation de la performance globale comme une addition de performances locales et la logique de responsabilité individuelle. Nous proposons d’étudier, à partir de l’exemple d’une division d’un groupe industriel européen, sous quelles conditions un usage innovant du processus budgétaire peut en faire le vecteur de la mise en place d’une coordination transversale.
Andrew Linzey and C. S. Lewis’s Theology of Animals
Authors: Devries Ben 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This article provides a review and critique of Andrew Linzey’s article "C. S. Lewis’s Theology of Animals" (1998). In his article, Linzey, modern-day father of the Christian animal advocacy movement and director of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, evaluates fellow Anglican C. S. Lewis’s contributions to a theology of animals. The article considers Lewis’s perspective on animals and Linzey’s evaluation of the same within four general categories: animal pain, animal resurrection, human superiority, and human cruelty. The contributions of both authors to a theology of animals are acknowledged, but the lack of theocentric focus in their mutual thought is questioned.
Transgenic Animals, Biomedical Experiments, and "Progress"
Authors: Peggs Kay 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
By conducting a critical discourse analysis of a scientific research article that claims additional potential for using transgenic marmosets in biomedical experiments, this article critiques instrumental approaches to scientific progress as they are expressed in scientific research that uses nonhuman animal experiments. Following an analysis that focuses on issues associated with access to publication, assertions about scientific breakthrough and scientific facts, and the construction of science as impartial, the article concludes that manipulating the genetics of nonhuman animals to engineer a predisposition to the development of feared human health hazards represents moral deterioration rather than progress.
A Response to MacClellan
Authors: Bernstein Mark H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In "Size Matters" in this issue, Joel MacClellan argues for three claims: (1) according to utilitarianism, faced with a choice of eating large or small animals, we should eat the large; (2) utilitarianism may ground obligations to eat meat; and (3) we justifiably attract greater moral responsibility for the "direct" killing of our food animals than we do for "indirect" killing. MacClellan tends to underestimate the resources available even to hedonistic utilitarianism and oversimplifies the conditions in the food industry. His second claim has merit but is merely an instance of utilitarianism’s problem with providing a satisfying account of justice.
Prevalência de excesso de peso entre estudantes de ensino fundamental de escola pública e privada em Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pardo Inês Maria , Mercadante Mariana Pacifico , Zanatta Mayara Franco , Ramos Valéria Cristina Santucci , Nascimento Sandra Dantas , Miranda José Eduardo Bueno 
Published: April 2013

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em um grupo de estudantes e investigar se há correlacão entre IMC (índice de massa corporal) e renda familiar. Métodos: Estudo tipo transversal, realizado com 213 estudantes do ensino fundamental de escola pública (EPU) e privada (EPR), com idade entre 10 e 14 anos, aprovado pelo comitê de ética local e mediante assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido pelos estudantes e os responsáveis por eles. Os estudantes foram pesados e medidos e o IMC foi calculado; os dados foram avaliados com base nos gráficos da OMS para IMC conforme o sexo. Os estudantes responderam ao questionário socioeconômico segundo o critério da ABEP. A análise dos dados foi realizada usando o programa SPSS. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Prevalência global de excesso de peso (sobrepeso) na amostra estudada foi de 41,3%. Na comparação dos resultados isolados, a frequência de excesso de peso foi maior em alunos da escola particular (47,3%) do que nos da escola pública (32,1%), com significância estatística (p=0,03). A frequência de excesso de peso nos meninos da EPR foi maior do que nos da EPU (23,3% versus 14,3%; p=0,05). Nas meninas, verificou-se a mesma tendência, sem, todavia, significância estatística (24,0% versus 17,9%; p=0,18). Houve correlação positiva entre IMC e renda familiar (r=0,14, p=0,04). Conclusão: Cerca de 40% dos estudantes entrevistados apresentaram excesso de peso, com prevalência maior entre os meninos da escola particular. É relevante o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção da obesidade em todos os níveis da sociedade, pois há potenciais riscos à saúde na vida adulta.
Pulmonary Function Tests in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: Association With Clinical Parameters in Children
Authors: Prestridge Adrienne , Morgan Gabrielle , Ferguson Lori , Huang Chiang‐Ching , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the association of decreased lung function in children with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) with specific clinical parameters.MethodsThis study of 38 children ages 6–23 years diagnosed with definite/probable IIM evaluated the association of myositis‐specific/‐associated antibodies (MSAs/MAAs), duration of untreated disease at diagnosis, Disease Activity Score for muscle (DAS‐M), muscle‐derived enzymes (aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]), neopterin and von Willebrand factor antigen, and the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) scores with data from pulmonary function testing (PFT).ResultsImpaired PFTs were defined as total lung capacity (TLC) or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) of <80% predicted. The PFTs documented that 37% of the children (14 of 38) had either decreased TLC or decreased DLCO; 5% (2 of 38) had both. Children with decreased TLC alone (7 [18%] of 38) were older both at the time of PFT and diagnosis, had anti–Jo‐1 and anti–Scl‐70 antibody, and had elevated levels of CPK and neopterin. Children with decreased DLCO alone (5 [13%] of 38) had a shorter duration of untreated disease at diagnosis, had higher DAS‐M and total DAS, were positive for anti‐Ro and anti–PL‐12, had increased LDH, and had elevated levels of neopterin and aldolase, with low CMAS scores for items 1, 3, 10, 11, and 14.ConclusionAssessment of PFTs in children with IIMs should be considered, since more than one‐third of patients were found to be impaired. The presence of MSAs/MAAs, an elevated serum neopterin level (mean ± SD 12.4 ± 9.6 nmoles/liter, normal value <10.5), older age at diagnosis, and shorter duration of untreated disease at diagnosis suggest the presence of potential lung pathology.
Tuning Molecular Adhesion via Material Anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Lin Yuan , Qian Jin , Chen Weiqiu , Gao Huajian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCell adhesion with extracellular matrix depends on the collective behaviors of a large number of receptor‐ligand bonds at the compliant cell‐matrix interface. While most biological tissues and structures, including cells and extracellular matrices, exhibit strongly anisotropic material properties, existing studies on molecular adhesion via receptor‐ligand bonds have been largely limited to isotropic materials. Here the effects of transverse isotropy, a common form of material anisotropy in biological systems, in modulating the adhesion behavior of a cluster of receptor‐ligand bonds are investigated. The results provide a theoretical basis to understand cell adhesion on anisotropic extracellular matrices and to explore the possibility of controlling cell adhesion via anisotropy design in material properties. The combined analysis and simulations show that the orientation of material anisotropy strongly affects the apparent softness felt by the adhesive bonds, thereby altering their ensemble lifetime by several orders of magnitude. An implication of this study is that distinct cellular behaviors can be achieved through remodeling of material anisotropy in either extracellular matrix or cytoskeleton. Comparison between different loading conditions, together with the effects of material anisotropy, yields a rich array of out‐of‐equilibrium behaviors in the molecular interaction between reactant‐bearing soft surfaces, with important implications on the mechanosensitivity of cells.
Catalytic Use of Zinc Amide for Transmetalation with Allylboronates: General and Efficient Catalytic Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds, Imines, and Hydrazones
Authors: Cui Yi , Li Wei , Sato Takehiro , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe efficient catalytic allylation of ketones, imines, and hydrazones with allylboronates using a catalytic amount of zinc amide is reported. In this reaction, the boron‐to‐zinc exchange process occurred smoothly to afford the corresponding allylzinc amides, and the desired allylation reactions proceeded in high efficiency (∼0.1 mol%). A mechanistic study revealed that transmetalation was a rate‐determining step in the catalytic cycle, and also that the amide ligand on the zinc center played a key role in preparing reactive allylzinc species. Catalytic asymmetric allylations were also investigated, and high enantioselectivities were obtained using chiral diamine ligands.
Cooperative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) and Ruthenium Redox Catalysis: Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe paper describes a cooperative NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) and ruthenium‐based redox catalysis for the mild aerobic oxidative esterification of various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. The ruthenium(II) complex Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 (bpz=2,2′‐bipyrazine) as catalyst is shown to be compatible with free NHCs. The NHC is used in these cascade reactions for the umpolung of the aldehyde to form the corresponding Breslow intermediate which in turn gets oxidized to an acylazolium ion by the ruthenium redox catalyst. Air is used as a terminal oxidant for oxidation (regeneration) of the ruthenium catalyst. In addition, we will show that in the absence of the ruthenium redox catalyst and alcohol, NHC‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes delivers the corresponding acids in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations supporting our suggested mechanisms are provided.