bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing boundaries of nursing: a qualitative study of the transition to a new nursing care delivery model
Authors: Rhéaume Ann , Dionne Sophie , Gaudet Denise , Allain Monique , Belliveau Estelle , Boudreau Laurraine , Brown Laurianne 
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore how nursing personnel have experienced the introduction of a new nursing care delivery model within their setting.BackgroundNew ways of nursing care are being implemented in many countries to contain rising health care costs and deal with ongoing nursing shortages. The adoption of new nursing care delivery models will have a substantial impact on the nature of nursing practice.DesignA qualitative design was used for this study. Symbolic interactionism was used as a guiding framework.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were held with 20 nurses (17 registered nurses and 3 ancillary nursing personnel) in two hospitals in eastern Canada following the introduction of a new nursing care nursing model. The constant comparative method was used to analyse interview data.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data: (1) the ownership of tasks, (2) managing the workers, (3) a different way of knowing the patient and (4) the struggle to change.ConclusionsNursing boundaries were flexible, regardless of the implementation of a new nursing care delivery model. Nursing tasks shifted from one group of workers to another during the course of the day to meet patient needs.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the challenges in relation to the introduction of new nursing care delivery models within hospital settings.
Long‐Term Outcome of Patients with Severe Biventricular Heart Failure and Severe Mitral Regurgitation After Percutaneous Edge‐to‐Edge Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: ORBAN MARTIN , BRAUN DANIEL , ORBAN MATHIAS , GREBMER CHRISTIAN , SIBBING DIRK , THALER RAFFAEL , TITTUS JANINE , WIMBAUER FRITZ , LESEVIC HASEMA , SONNE CAROLIN , MEHILLI JULINDA , OTT ILKA , NÄBAUER MICHAEL , MASSBERG STEFFEN , BOEKSTEGERS PETER , HAUSLEITER JÖRG 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo assess long‐term outcome and parameters associated with poor and favorable outcome in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LV‐EF) ≤25% and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) after percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (pMVR).BackgroundThere is no data on long‐term outcome in this cohort of patients.MethodsWe analyzed all 34 patients with a LV‐EF ≤25% and severe MR treated with pMVR in 2 university hospitals from 2009 to 2012.ResultsMitral regurgitation could be successfully reduced to grade ≤2 in 30 patients (88%). Long‐term follow‐up (up to 5 years) revealed a steep decline of the survival curve reaching 50% already 8 month after pMVR. In contrast, estimated survival of the remaining patients showed a favorable long‐term outcome. Patients deceased during the first year presented with higher right ventricular tricuspid pressure gradient (RVTG) (44.5 ± 8.4 mmHg vs. 35.2 ± 15.4 mmHg, P = 0.035) and worse RV‐function (P = 0.014) prior to the procedure. One‐year mortality of patients with pulmonary hypertension and depressed RV‐function (n = 22) was very high (77%) compared to the remaining patients (n = 12, mortality rate of 0%, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough pMVR lead to a successful reduction of MR in patients with a LV‐EF ≤25%, 1‐year mortality in this cohort was very high. However, a subgroup of patients showed a favorable long‐term outcome after pMVR. Especially the right ventricular parameters sustained RV‐function and absence of pulmonary hypertension—easily assessed with echocardiography—might be used to identify this subgroup and encourage pMVR in these patients.
Periostin of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts promotes migration of human mesenchymal stem cell through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Matsuzawa M. , Arai C. , Nomura Y. , Murata T. , Yamakoshi Y. , Oida S. , Hanada N. , Nakamura Y. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe periodontal ligament (PDL) is characterized by rapid turnover, high remodeling capacity and high inherent regenerative potential compared with other connective tissues. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the fibroblasts in the PDL, has been widely discussed in relation to collagen fibrillogenesis in the PDL. Recently, several reports have indicated periostin in cell migration. The aim of this study was to examine whether human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) with high levels of periostin expression promote the migration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).Material and MethodsThe migration of hMSCs was examined by transwell chamber migration assay under different conditions: medium alone, hPDLFs, human dermal fibroblasts, recombinant periostin, integrin αvβ3 blocking antibody (anti‐CD51/61 antibody) and inhibitors of FAK (PF431396) and PI3K (LY294002). Phosphorylation of FAK and Akt in hMSCs under stimulation of periostin was examined by western blotting.ResultsThe migration assay revealed that the number of migrated hMSCs by hPDLFs was significantly larger than those by dermal fibroblasts, periostin small interfering RNA hPDLFs and medium alone. Furthermore, recombinant periostin also strongly induced hMSC migration. The addition of anti‐CD51/61 antibody, PF431396 and LY294002 caused a significant reduction in the number of migrated hMSCs respectively. The anti‐CD51/61 antibody inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations under periostin stimulation. PF431396 inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations. LY294002 inhibited only Akt phosphorylation, and FAK phosphorylation was not influenced under periostin stimulation.ConclusionPeriostin expression in hPDLFs promotes the migration of hMSCs through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro.
Geochemistry and chronology of the Bunburra Rockhole ungrouped achondrite
Authors: Spivak‐Birndorf Lev J. , Bouvier Audrey , Benedix Gretchen K. , Hammond Samantha , Brennecka Gregory A. , Howard Kieren , Rogers Nick , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Bland Philip A. , Spurný Pavel , Towner Martin C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBunburra Rockhole is a unique basaltic achondrite that has many mineralogical and petrographic characteristics in common with the noncumulate eucrites, but differs in its oxygen isotope composition. Here, we report a study of the mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole to better understand the petrogenesis of this meteorite and compare it to the eucrites. The geochemistry of bulk samples and of pyroxene, plagioclase, and Ca‐phosphate in Bunburra Rockhole is similar to that of typical noncumulate eucrites. Chronological data for Bunburra Rockhole indicate early formation, followed by slow cooling and perhaps multiple subsequent heating events, which is also similar to some noncumulate eucrites. The 26Al‐26Mg extinct radionuclide chronometer was reset in Bunburra Rockhole after the complete decay of 26Al, but a slight excess in the radiogenic 26Mg in a bulk sample allows the determination of a model 26Al‐26Mg age that suggests formation of the parent melt for this meteorite from its source magma within the first ~3 Ma of the beginning of the solar system. The 207Pb‐206Pb absolute chronometer is also disturbed in Bunburra Rockhole minerals, but a whole‐rock isochron provides a re‐equilibration age of ~4.1 Ga, most likely caused by impact heating. The mineralogy, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole demonstrate the similarities of this achondrite to the eucrites, and suggest that it formed from a parent melt with a composition similar to that for noncumulate eucrites and subsequently experienced a thermal history and evolution comparable to that of eucritic basalts. This implies the formation of multiple differentiated parent bodies in the early solar system that had nearly identical bulk elemental compositions and petrogenetic histories, but different oxygen isotope compositions inherited from the solar nebula.
Seasonal diversity and dynamics of haptophytes in theSkagerrak,Norway, explored by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Egge Elianne Sirnæs , Johannessen Torill Vik , Andersen Tom , Eikrem Wenche , Bittner Lucie , Larsen Aud , Sandaa Ruth‐Anne , Edvardsen Bente 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicroalgae in the division Haptophyta play key roles in the marine ecosystem and in global biogeochemical processes. Despite their ecological importance, knowledge on seasonal dynamics, community composition and abundance at the species level is limited due to their small cell size and few morphological features visible under the light microscope. Here, we present unique data on haptophyte seasonal diversity and dynamics from two annual cycles, with the taxonomic resolution and sampling depth obtained with high‐throughput sequencing. From outer Oslofjorden, S Norway, nano‐ and picoplanktonic samples were collected monthly for 2 years, and the haptophytes targeted by amplification of RNA/cDNAwith Haptophyta‐specific 18SrDNAV4 primers. We obtained 156 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), fromc. 400.000 454 pyrosequencing reads, after rigorous bioinformatic filtering and clustering at 99.5%. Most OTUs represented uncultured and/or not yet 18SrDNA‐sequenced species. Haptophyte OTU richness and community composition exhibited high temporal variation and significant yearly periodicity. Richness was highest in September–October (autumn) and lowest in April–May (spring). Some taxa were detected all year, such asChrysochromulina simplex,Emiliania huxleyiandPhaeocystis cordata, whereas most calcifying coccolithophores only appeared from summer to early winter. We also revealed the seasonal dynamics of OTUs representing putative novel classes (clades HAP‐3–5) or orders (clades D, E, F). Season, light and temperature accounted for 29% of the variation in OTU composition. Residual variation may be related to biotic factors, such as competition and viral infection. This study provides new, in‐depth knowledge on seasonal diversity and dynamics of haptophytes in North Atlantic coastal waters.
Influence of magnesium on physiological responses of wheat infected by Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Debona D. , Rios J. A. , Nascimento K. J. T. , Silva L. C. , Rodrigues F. A. 
Published: April 2015

Although magnesium (Mg) is considered an essential element for wheat growth, its importance for disease control has often been overlooked, and the physiological features of diseased plants mediated by Mg remain elusive. In this study, the effect of three Mg concentrations (0·25, 2·5 and 4 mm) on wheat resistance to leaf blast (Pyricularia oryzae), leaf gas exchange, invertase activity, cellular damage and foliar concentration of photosynthetic pigments and nutrients was investigated. Foliar Mg increased from 1·9 to 3·9 g kg−1, whereas calcium (Ca) decreased from 7·8 to 4·9 g kg−1 as the applied Mg increased from 0·25 to 4 mm. Blast severity increased from 11·3 to 39·6% as the applied Mg increased from 0·25 to 4 mm. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic pigment concentrations decreased in inoculated plants compared to non‐inoculated plants regardless of the Mg concentration; however, the reductions were more pronounced for plants grown with 4 mm Mg than those grown with 0·25 mm Mg. On the other hand, a higher internal CO2 concentration, invertase activity and malondialdehyde concentration was recorded in inoculated plants grown with 4 mm Mg compared to those grown with 0·25 mm Mg. In conclusion, reduced Ca uptake may partially explain the increased susceptibility of wheat to leaf blast with the highest Mg concentration. Mg‐induced susceptibility to leaf blast appeared responsible for the photosynthetic impairments. These were most probably due to biochemical constraints because plants grown with the highest Mg concentration suffered extensive cellular damage and degradation of photosynthetic pigments as a result of high disease severity.
The Challenge of Market Power under Globalization
Authors: Mayer‐Foulkes David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe legacy of Adam Smith leads to a false confidence on the optimality of laissez faire policies for the global market economy. Instead, the polarized character of current globalization deeply affects both developed and underdeveloped economies. Current globalization is characterized by factor exchange between economies of persistently unequal development. This implies the existence of persistent extraordinary market power in transnational corporations, reflected in their disproportionate participation in income and policy. These are shown to be steady‐state features of globalization in a convergence club model of development and underdevelopment including trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Moreover, results in tax competition explain how the increased share of transnational profits under globalization leads to lower corporate taxes, more conservative policies, and weaker institutions for balancing market power. The increased level of market power under globalization poses a serious challenge for national and global governance that deeply impacts economic development, distribution, sustainability, and democracy everywhere.
The Role of Productivity and Financial Frictions in the Business Cycles of a Small Open Economy: Hong Kong 1984–2011
Authors: Etxeberria‐Garaigorta Paulina , Iza Amaia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the business cycle properties of the Hong Kong economy during the 1984–2011 period, which includes the financial crisis experienced in 1997/98 and the economic crisis of 2008–2010. We show that the volatility respectively, of output, of the growth rate of output and of real interest rates in Hong Kong are higher than the corresponding average volatility among developed economies. Furthermore, interest rates are countercyclical. We build a stochastic neoclassical small open‐economy model estimated with a Bayesian likelihood approach that seeks to replicate the main business cycle characteristics of Hong Kong, and through which we try to quantify the role played by exogenous total factor productivity (TFP) shocks (transitory and permanent), real interest rate shocks and financial frictions. The main finding is that financial frictions, jointly with the assumption that the country spread is endogenous, seem important in explaining the countercyclicality of the real interest rates.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) captured by cage trap
Authors: Casas‐Díaz Encarna , Closa‐Sebastià Francesc , Marco Ignasi , Lavín Santiago , Bach‐Raich Ester , Cuenca Rafaela 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEstablishing reference intervals (RI) for hematologic and biochemical variables in wild animals presents great challenges because capture stress or anesthesia during sampling can affect blood variables.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to establish RI for hematologic and blood biochemistry variables for Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) caught using cage traps, and provide information on the studied variables for different age groups.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 89 Wild Boars captured by cage trap between 2005 and 2013 in northeastern Spain. Piglets were handled without anesthesia, while juvenile and adult animals were anesthetized using a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam. Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava and were placed into plain and EDTA tubes. Thirteen hematologic and 21 biochemical variables were determined. Reference intervals for piglets and juvenile and adult groups were determined, and differences between these groups were statistically analyzed.ResultsAdults had higher HGB, PCV, MCH, MCHC, neutrophil count, and total protein, albumin, creatinine, and chloride concentrations than juveniles; in contrast, juveniles had higher values for lymphocyte count, cholesterol concentration, and ALP activity.ConclusionsReference intervals determined in this study provide a baseline for interpreting hematologic and biochemical results in Wild Boar at different age stages, and contribute to optimization of the management of this species.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of platelet biomaterials in a macrophage cellular model
Authors: Renn T.‐Y. , Kao Y.‐H. , Wang C.‐C. , Burnouf T. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesRecent clinical data suggested that platelet materials used in regenerative medicine exert anti‐inflammatory effects. One must understand whether functionality varies among platelet preparations and also the role of the various protein compartments.Materials and MethodsPlatelet‐poor‐plasma (PPP), platelet lysate with cell debris (PL) or cell‐free (CFPL), platelet gel releasate (PGR) and solvent/detergent‐treated PL (SDPL) were prepared from four apheresis platelet donations. Protein profile was examined by SDS‐PAGE, and growth factors and cytokines by ELISA, multiplexed Luminex assay and cytokine array. Anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated in RAW 264·7 mouse macrophages treated for 24 h with the blood fractions followed by 24 h of stimulation with 500 ng/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Inflammatory marker nitric oxide (NO) was determined by colorimetry, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α by ELISA and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 by Western blotting.ResultsProteins, growth factors and cytokines composition differed among preparations. Blood fractions alone did not stimulate inflammatory markers expression. Following LPS stimulus, NO and iNOS expressions were significantly inhibited (P < 0·001) by all blood fractions, but inhibition was more pronounced with SDPL. In addition, only SDPL inhibited TNF‐α (P < 0·001) and COX‐2 expressions.ConclusionsAll the plasma and platelet fractions evaluated in this study exert an anti‐inflammatory effect on macrophages, suggesting that both the plasma and platelet proteomes contribute to anti‐inflammation. However, the extent and nature of the anti‐inflammatory action vary among products. Further studies are needed to better understand the functionality of platelet biomaterials and optimize their clinical use.
Storage of washed or irradiated red cells in AS‐7 improves their in vitro characteristics
Authors: Proffitt S. , Thomas S. , Swann I. , Popovsky M. A. , Smith D. J. , Roberts D. J. , Cardigan R. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundAS‐7 is a new alkaline hypotonic red cell additive solution (AS) shown to improve red cell quality during storage compared with AS‐1. We sought to compare red cells stored in AS‐7 with those stored in SAGM using RCC that were either untreated, or washed or irradiated on day 14 of storage.Study Design and MethodsA pooled and split study design was used to produce seven identical RCC (four in SAGM and three in AS‐7). At day 14 following donation, two RCC (one in SAGM and one in AS‐7) were gamma irradiated and three RCC (two in SAGM and one in AS‐7) were washed and resuspended in either SAGM or AS‐7. RCC were sampled for analysis throughout storage and at end of shelf life: day 28 for washed or irradiated and day 35 for untreated RCC.ResultsFor untreated, washed or irradiated RCC, those stored in AS‐7 had lower haemolysis, red cell microvesicles and supernatant potassium content than RCC in SAGM. In addition, ATP levels and pH were better maintained in AS‐7 RCC than in SAGM RCC.ConclusionThese data suggest that the quality of these components may be improved by storage in AS‐7 compared with SAGM.
Buffy coat (top/bottom)‐ and whole‐blood filtration (top/top)‐produced red cell concentrates differ in size of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Bicalho B. , Pereira A. S. , Acker J. P. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe influence that blood component separation methods have on changes to the red blood cell membrane during storage is not well understood. In Canada, red cell concentrates (RCCs) are produced using the buffy coat (BC, top/bottom) and the whole‐blood filtration (WBF, top/top) methods, and this study aimed at comparing their influence on the characteristics of the extracellular vesicles (EV) which accumulated in the respective products during storage.Materials and MethodsUsing flow cytometry, dynamic light scattering and mass spectrometry, we assessed RCC EVs for concentration, size, lipid composition and correlation with supernatant haemoglobin (Hb).ResultsAccumulation of RBC EVs (CD235a+) with storage time was similar in WBF and BC RCCs. The size of the EVs changed from <100 nm at d5 to near 200 nm by d42, with the EVs from WBF being smaller (P < 0·001) than BC RCCs at all storage times. The amount of EV‐bound Hb in the WBF and BC units was similar (about 10% of total supernatant Hb). WBF EVs and BC EVs displayed similar lipid composition.ConclusionHaemolysis and EVs increase in BC and WBF RCCs during storage. Differences in the size characteristics of the EVs in WBF and BC RCCs suggest that non‐RBC EVs are more prevalent in WBF products. Understanding the impact that manufacturing has on the characteristics of the different populations of EVs in RCCs will aid quality improvement efforts.
Duffy blood group phenotype–genotype correlations using high‐resolution melting analysis PCR and microarray reveal complex cases including a new null FY*A allele: the role for sequencing in genotyping algorithms
Authors: Lopez G. H. , Morrison J. , Condon J. A. , Wilson B. , Martin J. R. , Liew Y.‐W. , Flower R. L. , Hyland C. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivesDuffy blood group phenotypes can be predicted by genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for the Fya/Fyb polymorphism, for weak Fyb antigen, and for the red cell null Fy(a−b−) phenotype. This study correlates Duffy phenotype predictions with serotyping to assess the most reliable procedure for typing.Materials and methodsSamples, n = 155 (135 donors and 20 patients), were genotyped by high‐resolution melt PCR and by microarray. Samples were in three serology groups: 1) Duffy patterns expected n = 79, 2) weak and equivocal Fy(b) patterns n = 29 and 3) Fy(a−b−) n = 47 (one with anti‐Fy3 antibody).ResultsDiscrepancies were observed for five samples. For two, SNP genotyping predicted weak Fyb expression discrepant with Fy(b−) (Group 1 and 3). For three, SNP genotyping predicted Fya, discrepant with Fy(a−b−) (Group 3). DNA sequencing identified silencing mutations in these FY*A alleles. One was a novel FY*A 719delG. One, the sample with the anti‐Fy3, was homozygous for a 14‐bp deletion (FY*01N.02); a true null.ConclusionBoth the high‐resolution melting analysis and SNP microarray assays were concordant and showed genotyping, as well as phenotyping, is essential to ensure 100% accuracy for Duffy blood group assignments. Sequencing is important to resolve phenotype/genotype conflicts which here identified alleles, one novel, that carry silencing mutations. The risk of alloimmunisation may be dependent on this zygosity status.