bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Movement? The Impact of Legislation, Benefit Generosity and Wages on the Pensions of European Migrants
Authors: Meyer Traute , Bridgen Paul , Andow Caroline 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTEuropean (EU) economic integration has always involved a commitment to the free movement of labour, services and capital. However, the development by EU institutions of specific rights with respect to labour mobility has been slow. This paper explores this issue from the perspective of pension rights, among the most long‐lasting for citizens. It shows that the literature on this topic has focussed mainly on EU regulations, their scope and limitations. The paper argues that, although important, this work has led to the neglect of a more fundamental issue: the potential impact on mobility of the relative generosity of pension schemes and large national wealth variations, an increasingly salient issue since the expansion of the EU into Eastern and Central Europe. Thus, on the basis of a detailed review of dominant intra‐EU migratory patterns, the paper investigates the impact on pension rights of movement between Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension systems and between countries of substantially different wealth. It shows that lower income workers who move from Beveridgean to Bismarckian countries would be most at risk of pension losses. However, such movement is unusual; instead, the majority of intra‐EU migrants move from Bismarckian systems of low generosity in the poorer east to Beveridgean and more generous Bismarckian in the richer west. Workers who make this move are more likely to experience pension gains than losses. For them, free movement is achieved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY AND LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS OF HABITAT QUANTITY AND QUALITY FOR RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Laliberte J. J. , Post J. R. , Rosenfeld J. S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe developed predictions of habitat quantity and quality for three life stages of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, across a range of stream sizes characterized by mean annual discharge of 1 to 50 m3 s−1. The physical habitat template was created by nesting a reach‐scale two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (River2D) within a downstream hydraulic geometry system using published coefficients for low‐gradient and high‐gradient watersheds. This provided both longitudinal and transverse estimates of depth and velocity profiles that, when combined with habitat suitability curves for the life stages, resulted in predictions of habitat quantity (weighted usable area) and habitat quality (the proportion of the stream profile that provided useable habitat) for rainbow trout along the stream continuum. Habitat quantity increased asymptotically for all life history stages but increased more rapidly in the low‐gradient watershed. Habitat quality decreased non‐linearly for young‐of‐the‐year and peaked at intermediate stream sizes for juveniles in both low‐gradient and high‐gradient watersheds. Adult habitat quality peaked in the high‐gradient watershed but increased asymptotically in the low‐gradient watershed, presumably due to lower mean velocities at larger stream sizes. Incorporation of transverse variation in depth and velocity in our physical habitat template provides a more realistic representation of habitat quantity and quality than do earlier assessments based on simple modal estimates of depth and velocity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression on manifolds using data‐dependent regularization with applications in computer vision
Authors: Shaw David A. , Chellappa Rama 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVarious issues arise in performing regression and classification when one uses images as predictors, chief among them high dimensionality. Considering a naïve approach in which each pixel is entered into the model as a separate predictor, the analysis quickly becomes unwieldy, since modern cameras can output pictures with pixels numbering on the order of millions. However, images are highly constrained; the intrinsic dimension of an image is often far less than its ambient dimension. Moreover, various techniques to obtain new predictors (e.g., via feature extraction or by considering sets of predefined salient points in each image as variables in a regression model) can further reduce the dimension of the predictors, giving rise to an inherent lower‐dimensional, manifold structure. We show that, for some regression problems in computer vision, using a data‐dependent regularization that implicitly considers this manifold structure yields improvements over numerous alternatives. We extend this method to cases in which the structure is known a priori, in which it outperforms alternative methods, including those which explicitly take the known structure into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Konstruktive Auslegung, Berechnung und Ausführung einer außergewöhnlichen Bogenbrücke in Stahl‐Verbundbauweise
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Hafner Harald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIm Zuge der Neuerrichtung einer Bundesstraßenbrücke in Bruck an der Mur, nahe Graz/Österreich, wurde versucht – trotz einer bescheidenen Gesamtstützweite von etwa L = 68 m – gestalterisch ein besonderes Tragwerk zu errichten. Damit entstand eine außergewöhnliche Bogenbrücke, mit einer in dieser Form noch nicht verwirklichten Lage der Abspannseile. Der schräg über das Brückendeck verlaufende stählerne Bogen stellt für die Nutzer quasi ein Tor in das Murtal dar. Das Brückendeck selbst ist als Verbundtragwerk mit zwei außenliegenden Hauptträgern ausgeführt.Vor allem die spezielle Form der Seilabspannung führt für dieses Tragwerk zu einem untypischen Tragverhalten, das die Berechnung und Bemessung maßgeblich bestimmte. Einleitend wird dieses Tragverhalten in vereinfachter Form dargestellt sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Besonderheiten bei der Modellbildung im Zuge der Systemberechnung. Näher eingegangen wird auf die Stabilitätsberechnung des Bogens und auf die Festlegung der Vorspannkräfte in den einzelnen Seilen sowie deren Erreichung im Zuge der Montagefolge.Wesentlich für die praktische Umsetzung war auch die konstruktive Detailausbildung in Hinblick geringer Herstellungskosten. Einige signifikante konstruktive Details werden näher vorgestellt. Abschließend wird auf die Fertigung und Montage des Tragwerkes eingegangen, die auch für den Fertigungsbetrieb eine große Herausforderung darstellte. So wurde der als Kastenquerschnitt mit geneigten Stegen ausgebildete Bogen auch aus der Bogenebene überhöht, bedingt durch die spezifische Geometrie der Seile.Design and erection of a remarkable steel/composite arch bridge. The reconstruction of a road bridge at Bruck/Mur near Graz/Austria gives the opportunity to design a remarkable arch bridge with a new type of hangar geometry. The arch spans across the bridge deck and forms a gate for the bridge user. The composite bridge deck consists of two plate girders.First of all the specific load carrying behaviour of the bridge is represented and the influence on the global analyses is shown. The stability verification of the arch and the design of the pretensioning sequence are discussed. Some interesting construction details are presented. Finally the manufacturing and erection sequence of the bridge is documented.
Nonclinical Core Competencies and Effects of Interprofessional Teamwork in Disaster and Emergency Response Training and Practice: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peller Jennifer , Schwartz Brian , Kitto Simon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo define and delineate the nontechnical core competencies required for disaster response, Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members were interviewed regarding their perspectives and experiences in disaster management. Also explored was the relationship between nontechnical competencies and interprofessional collaboration.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Canadian DMAT members to explore how they viewed nontechnical core competencies and how their experiences influenced their perceptions toward interprofessonalism in disaster response. Data were examined using thematic analysis.ResultsNontechnical core competencies were categorized under austere skills, interpersonal skills, and cognitive skills. Research participants defined interprofessionalism and discussed the importance of specific nontechnical core competencies to interprofessional collaboration.ConclusionsThe findings of this study established a connection between nontechnical core competencies and interprofessional collaboration in DMAT activities. It also provided preliminary insights into the importance of context in developing an evidence base for competency training in disaster response and management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–8)
Staking a Claim
Authors: Taylor Cheryl 
Published: May 2013

Mt Isa's story is an Australian foundation epic. Only heroic struggle could have dug the mine and built the city a thousand kilometres from the nearest deepwater port, in a scorched red landscape sparsely dotted with spinifex and eucalypts. In Mines in the Spinifex (1970), Geoffrey Blainey celebrates the fortitude of the prospectors and entrepreneurs who overcame these obstacles to found what he calls ‘the greatest Australian mine of the [twentieth] century’ (1970: 64).
BRITISH POLITICS AND CINEMA'S HISTORICAL DRAMAS, 1929–1938
Authors: FIELDING STEVEN 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTInspired by the debate about the influence feature films exerted over popular political attitudes during the interwar period, this article explores how one of cinema's most popular genres, the historical drama, represented British politics during the 1930s. It concentrates on eight films that depicted leading figures from Britain's modern political past, ranging from Robert Clive and Pitt the elder to Queen Victoria by way of Benjamin Disraeli. The article emphasizes how this historiophoty was shaped by the movies' production context. For they were: created within a transatlantic culture, with a majority produced in Hollywood; depended on how stars associated with the genre, notably George Arliss, embodied their roles; and structured around conventions which privileged popularity over accuracy. Thanks to such influences, these movies articulated a strongly normative view of British democracy, showing how personable, paternalistic, and disinterested leaders had improved the people's welfare and advanced a benevolent empire. This picture of Britain's political past was clearly convenient to Stanley Baldwin's Conservative party. However, it owed its essential character less to the establishment bias of the interwar film industry and more to the irreducibly ‘cinematic’ nature of commercial cinema.
POLITICAL ARITHMETIC AND THE ENGLISH LAND TAX IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III
Authors: LOFT PHILIP 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of the method of political arithmetic and political arithmeticians in the changing methods of raising finance during the Nine Years War. It discusses the actions of parliament-men in committees and their interaction with reports containing data, and the influence of projectors on the decision to introduce, and later abandon, the pound rate. Throughout this period, political arithmeticians were active participants, providing data, advice, and schemes to the treasury and parliament, and when they were not, ‘country’ MPs, in particular, were active in calling for data and leading its cross-examination. This article suggests that debates on public finance did not occur along party lines, with ‘county communities’ given fresh presence by the quantification of the inequality of the land tax burden. Political arithmetic is shown to have played an important role in the processes and negotiations that occurred over the setting of taxation policy in the ‘long eighteenth century’.
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN'S 1905–1906 WORLD TOUR
Authors: SCROOP DANIEL 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article is a study of the 1905-6 world tour undertaken by William Jennings Bryan and his family. Bryan was one of the major US politicians of his era. Three times a Democratic party presidential nominee (1896, 1900, 1908), he played a prominent role in the various reform crusades of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was the leading figure on the populist, agrarian wing of his party. To date, however, historians have paid little attention to his extensive travels and voluminous travel writing, in large part because hostile journalists and historians – chief among them Walter Lippmann, H. L. Mencken, and Richard Hofstadter – succeeded in casting him as an archetype of American parochialism. This study makes us aware of Bryan's published and unpublished correspondence, the memoirs of his daughter Grace, newspaper reports, and cartoons to form a reassessment of Bryan, focusing primarily on his encounters with unfamiliar cultures, and with imperialism in the Philippines, British India, and the Dutch East Indies. In so doing, it places Bryan for the first time in a global and transnational frame, and mounts a broader critique of the rigidly regional and national orientation of the US historiography of populism.
Numerical simulation of pulsed plasma sheath dynamics around a micro-sized tip
Authors: GHOMI H. , MAHMOODPOOR A. , GOUDARZI H. , NIKNAM A. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper the spatial and temporal evolution of pulsed plasma sheath around a micropatterned surface is investigated using two-dimensional fluid model. The simulation region is considered as a micro-sized tip with rectangular cross section. The effects of rise time on electric field, ion density distributions, and dose of ions impacting the target are studied. It is shown that the plasma sheath has a balloon-like behavior in the early time stages.
Treating severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Touyz S. , Le Grange D. , Lacey H. , Hay P. , Smith R. , Maguire S. , Bamford B. , Pike K. M. , Crosby R. D. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThere are no evidence-based treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). This study evaluated the relative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-AN) and specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) for adults with SE-AN.MethodSixty-three participants with a diagnosis of AN, who had at least a 7-year illness history, were treated in a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT). During 30 out-patient visits spread over 8 months, they received either CBT-AN or SSCM, both modified for SE-AN. Participants were assessed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and at 6- and 12-month post-treatment follow-ups. The main outcome measures were quality of life, mood disorder symptoms and social adjustment. Weight, eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, motivation for change and health-care burden were secondary outcomes.ResultsThirty-one participants were randomized to CBT-AN and 32 to SSCM with a retention rate of 85% achieved at the end of the study. At EOT and follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement. There were no differences between treatment groups at EOT. At the 6-month follow-up, CBT-AN participants had higher scores on the Weissman Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS;p = 0.038) and at 12 months they had lower Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) global scores (p = 0.004) and higher readiness for recovery (p = 0.013) compared to SSCM.ConclusionsPatients with SE-AN can make meaningful improvements with both therapies. Both treatments were acceptable and high retention rates at follow-up were achieved. Between-group differences at follow-up were consistent with the nature of the treatments given.
Peierls’ dielectric response for clarification of interacting electron with laser beams
Authors: Hora Heinrich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe formulation of the momentum of electromagnetic radiation or photons in media is a historical question. After Peierls discussed all these options, a crucial new value for the dominating dispersion factor σ was derived for non-ionized media with the consequence that an opto-acoustic coupling exists. After the experimental confirmation of the Kapitza-Dirac effect the generalization of the effect for quantum modulation of electron beams by crossing laser beams is ascertained. The evaluation of repeated experiments of this quantum modulation is very precisely confirming by measurements that the Peierls factor σ = 1/5 is correct.
Extraordinary strong jump of increasing laser fusion gains experienced at volume ignition for combination with NIF experiments
Authors: Hora Heinrich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAiming breakeven for nuclear fusion energy needs a more than 1000 times higher fusion gain. This may be achieved as the anomalously high jump of gains known from the discovery of volume ignition since 1978. This is considered for combination with the present most advanced experiments at the world highest class laser of NIF.
Performance and trends in recent opinion retrieval techniques
Authors: Orimaye Sylvester O. , Alhashmi Saadat M. , Siew Eu-Gene 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents trends and performance of opinion retrieval techniques proposed within the last 8 years. We identify major techniques in opinion retrieval and group them into four popular categories. We describe the state-of-the-art techniques for each category and emphasize on their performance and limitations. We then summarize with a performance comparison table for the techniques on different datasets. Finally, we highlight possible future research directions that can help solve existing challenges in opinion retrieval.
A survey of privacy in multi-agent systems
Authors: Such Jose M. , Espinosa Agustín , García-Fornes Ana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPrivacy has been a concern for humans long before the explosive growth of the Internet. The advances in information technologies have further increased these concerns. This is because the increasing power and sophistication of computer applications offers both tremendous opportunities for individuals, but also significant threats to personal privacy. Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems are examples of the level of sophistication of computer applications. Autonomous agents usually encapsulate personal information describing their principals, and therefore they play a crucial role in preserving privacy. Moreover, autonomous agents themselves can be used to increase the privacy of computer applications by taking advantage of the intrinsic features they provide, such as artificial intelligence, pro-activeness, autonomy, and the like. This article introduces the problem of preserving privacy in computer applications and its relation to autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. It also surveys privacy-related studies in the field of multi-agent systems and identifies open challenges to be addressed by future research.
Military Necessity and the Cultures of Military Law
Authors: LUBAN DAVID 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMilitary and humanitarian lawyers approach the laws of war in different ways. For military lawyers, the starting point is military necessity, and the reigning assumption is that legal regulation of war must accommodate military necessity. For humanitarian lawyers, the starting point is human dignity and human rights. The result is two interpretive communities that systematically disagree not only over the meaning of particular law-of-war norms, but also over the sources and methods of law that could be used to resolve the disagreements. That raises the question whether military lawyers’ advice should acknowledge any validity to the contrary views of the ‘humanitarian’ community. The article offers a systematic analysis of the concept of military necessity, showing that civilian interests must figure in assessing military necessity itself. Even on its own terms, the military version of the law of war should seek to accommodate the civilian perspectives featured in the humanitarian version.
CLASSIFICATION AND SYMMETRIES OF A FAMILY OF CONTINUED FRACTIONS WITH BOUNDED PERIOD LENGTH
Authors: CHENG K. H. F. , GUY R. K. , SCHEIDLER R. , WILLIAMS H. C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt is well known that the regular continued fraction expansion of a quadratic irrational is symmetric about its centre; we refer to this symmetry as horizontal. However, an additional vertical symmetry is exhibited by the continued fraction expansions arising from a family of quadratics known as Schinzel sleepers. This paper provides a method for generating every Schinzel sleeper and investigates their period lengths as well as both their horizontal and vertical symmetries.
miMsg: a target enrichment algorithm for predicted miR–mRNA interactions based on relative ranking of matched expression data
Authors: Rijlaarsdam Martin A. , Rijlaarsdam David J. , Gillis Ad J. M. , Dorssers Lambert C. J. , Looijenga Leendert H. J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Algorithms predicting microRNA (miR)–mRNA interactions generate high numbers of possible interactions, many of which might be non-existent or irrelevant in a certain biological context. It is desirable to develop a transparent, user-friendly, unbiased tool to enrich miR–mRNA predictions.
Results: The miMsg algorithm uses matched miR/mRNA expression data to enrich miR–mRNA predictions. It grades interactions by the number, magnitude and significance of misplacements in the combined ranking profiles of miR/mRNA expression assessed over multiple biological samples. miMsg requires minimal user input and makes no statistical assumptions. It identified 921 out of 56 262 interactions as top scoring and significant in an actual germ cell cancer dataset. Twenty-eight miR–mRNA pairs were deemed of highest interest based on ranking by miMsg and supported by current knowledge about validated interactions and biological function. To conclude, miMsg is an effective algorithm to reduce a high number of predicted interactions to a small set of high confidence interactions for further study.
Availability and Implementation: Matlab source code and datasets available at www.martinrijlaarsdam.nl/mimsg
Contact: l.looijenga@erasmusmc.nl (homepage)
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Consequences of empowerment among restaurant servers
Authors: Kim BeomCheol (Peter) , Losekoot Erwin , Milne Simon 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the impact of empowerment on both organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and average check size per customer for individual restaurant servers in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical study was designed by using three different sources of information: employees' self‐reports, supervisor‐ratings and system‐generated productivity indexes. The study obtained a final sample of 108 servers who are in charge of table services such as order‐taking and delivering food with a point of sales (POS) system.FindingsThe results demonstrate that influence, a dimension of empowerment, has a positive effect on supervisor‐rated OCB whereas attitude, the other dimension of empowerment, has a positive impact on average check size per customer. In addition, OCB appears to be negatively related to average check size per customer.Practical implicationsThe findings are important given that few studies have examined the impact of empowerment on organizationally meaningful outcomes since past empowerment studies predominantly related empowerment to attitudinal and/or behavioral outcomes measured by self‐reports. The relationship between two consequences of empowerment raises a managerial issue. Given that OCB has a negative relationship with an individual's average check size, it would be problematic to reward servers individually solely based on objective indicators of performance.Originality/valueThis study presents empirical evidence that empowered employees are more likely to demonstrate helping behaviors and generate larger check sizes.