bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odontotrichodysplasia: A Case Report with a Review of Conditions Combining Ectodermal Dysplasia (Subgroup 1–2) with Skin Manifestations
Authors: Yadav Tribhuvan P. , Mishra Smita , Gupta Vijay K. , Gautam Ram K. , Kar Hemanta K. , Bhardwaj Minakshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a 5‐year‐old girl with partial anodontia, hypotrichosis, hyperpigmentation of the skin, absence of pilosebaceous structures, and long thin fingers. There has as yet been, to the best of our knowledge, no report of such a combination of features. A review of conditions combining ectodermal dysplasia (subgroup 1–2) with skin manifestations is presented.
The Safety and Efficacy of Low‐dose Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Wilson Diane , Edworthy Steven M. , Hart David A. , Fritzler Marvin J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of low‐dose (10 mg) recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rhtPA: Activase®: Genentech) was studied in 14 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. The patients were enrolled in a double blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Patients Who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, given placebo or rhtPA and then crossed over at 3 months. Assessment criteria included the Rodnan skin score; a daily patient diary to record side‐effects, frequency, and severity of Raynaud's episodes and activity; and pulmonary function tests. Ten mg of rhtPA (Genentech) was administered over a 4 hour period using a myocardial infarction protocol. None of the patients experienced side‐effects from the treatment protocol. No differences in the frequency or severity of Raynaud's episodes were noted during the two arms of the study. However, when the mean change of the Rodnan skin score in the placebo arm was compared to the rhtPA arm of the protocol, a significant difference was observed (0.8 vs. —5.4, p<0.001). Three patients had moderate improvement and seven showed mild improvement. Mild deterioration or no change in study parameters was noted in 4 patients. This study has demonstrated that the administration of low‐dose rhtPA is safe and is accompanied by modest improvement in symptoms of a subset of scleroderma patients.
Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Auricular Region: A Study of 23 Cases
Authors: Betti Roberto , Inselvini Elena , Gualandri Lorenzo , Crosti Carlo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBasal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the auricular region are not frequently reported, especially in the Japanese literature. Predisposing conditions such as sun exposure or frostbite are possibly involved in their development.In this study, we report our cases of auricular BCCs, discussing the obtained results, the possible significance of predisposing conditions, and the correlation with the histologic subtypes involved.Among 1094 patients with BCCs, auricular tumors were observed in 23 patients (2.1%), 4 women and 19 men. All of them were present on the external sun‐exposed auricular side. Histologic patterns were nodular and micronodular (13 cases) and infiltrative (10 cases). No differences were observed between sexes. The relative degree of elastosis was higher in men than in women. Frosbite was recorded in 4 cases.The ear is an anatomical region that is heavily exposed to sun‐light and equally prone to frosbite. Our data showed that all the lesions were located on the auricular region more or less exposed to sunlight. There was a recorded previous history of predisposing factors in most cases, and the high degree of elastosis suggests the involvement of these predisposing factors. Moreover, the high prevalence of infiltrative subtypes observed in our survey suggests a possible correlation between some histologic subtypes, sun‐exposure, and frostbite. The differences between the relatively high number of auricular BCCs reported in the literature in contrast with the Japanese observations suggest the involvement of social or local conditions.
Psychosomatic Treatment of a Case of Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Hashiro Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with urticaria in January of 1992. As her symptoms gradually became worse, she came to our hospital in March of that year. I treated her with various combinations of antihistaminics and antiallergics. However, her symptoms did not respond and continued to deteriorate. Although her blood was analyzed in an attempt to identify antigenic or physical factors, no positive data were obtained. Because three kinds of psychological tests showed that the patient was highly anxious and depressive, I additionally treated her with psychotropics and psychotherapy in May of 1994. After a month, the symptoms began to disappear. She has since been free from the symptoms while taking medicine only twice a week. Our group recently presented the efficacy of psychotropics in patients with chronic urticaria.This case suggests that highly anxious or depressive cases with chronic urticaria should be treated not only dermatologically, but also psychologically.
Disseminated Epidermolytic Acanthoma with Disseminated Superficial Porokeratosis and Verruca Vulgaris in an Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Chun Soo Il , Lee Jong Seo , Kim Nam Soo , Park Kyung Deuk 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 40‐year‐old man who had received long term immunosuppressive treatment for 14 years following kidney transplantation developed multiple skin lesions on both antecubital fossae, scalp, and both lower extremities. Histopathologic findings from three skin regions revealed characteristic features of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, verruca vulgaris, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis, respectively.Although immunocompromised individuals may demonstrate verruca vulgaris or porokeratosis, disseminated epidermolytic acanthoma (DEA) has not been reported to be associated with immunosuppressed status. We suggest that immunosuppression may play a role in the pathogenesis of DEA, as shown in our case.
The Origin of Pilonidal Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Yabe Tetsuji , Furukawa Masayoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe etiology of pilonidal sinus remains controversial. Some think it is congenital, and others think it is acquired. It is difficult to distinguish acquired pilonidal sinus from congenital, because infection almost always complicates both. We report here one case of acquired pilonidal sinus unaccompanied by infection. Histological examination showed that no epidermis or hair pollicle was present in the inner wall of the sinus. This case shows that acquired pilonidal sinus is due to invasion of external hairs and that this condition needs to be distinguished from congenital pilonidal sinus.
A New Intralesional Therapy of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Hypertonic Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Sharquie Khalifa E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne hundred and fifty‐eight lesions of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis in 70 patients were treated with hypertonic sodium chloride solution “HSCS” (88 lesions) or sodium stibogluconate (50 lesions); 20 lesions were left untreated as controls. The injections were given at 7–10 day intervals, and patients were followed‐up for 42 days.“HSCS” was shown to be a very effective local therapy (96.05% cure rate) and was as effective as local sodium stibogluconate (96.42% cure rate). With both types of therapy, most lesions needed only one injection. Mild improvement was noticed 7–10 days after the first injection, and the cure was complete within 2–6 weeks (mean 4 weeks) of follow‐up. None of the control lesions showed a cure within the six weeks follow‐up. The mechanisms of action of both “HSCS” and sodium stibogluconate probably involve interference with the osmotic pressure of the cell cytoplasm of the parasites and lesional tissues. Scarring was either absent or minimal following healing of the treated lesions with both types of treatment. Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation was observed in all patients.We strongly recommend intralesional “HSCS” as a cheap, safe, and effective local method for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis Simulating Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Authors: Muramatsu Tsutomu , Honoki Kumiko , Shirai Toshihiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case of localized cutaneous amyloidosis in a 42‐year‐old Japanese woman. Skin lesions were confined to the nuchal area, and the clinical appearance resembled that of lichen simplex chronicus. Our experience with this case indicates that, in cases presenting with persistent skin lesions simulating lichen simplex chronicus, amyloid should be specifically looked for in biopsy material.
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus in a Band‐like Arrangement
Authors: Izumi Tatsuya , Tajima Shingo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) in a band‐like arrangement. The patient had a white atrophic plaque on the left breast which showed the typical histological features of LSA. One month later, the patient had developed multiple, brown‐colored plaques from the right breast to the right upper arm following the distribution of the peripheral nerve. These plaques showed the mild histological changes indicative of LSA. This band‐like arrangement of LSA appears to be unique.
A Case of CREST Syndrome Associated with Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Inazumi Toyoko , Tajima Shingo , Ando Takashi , Shimada Megumi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCardiac manifestations of the CREST syndrome or limited systemic sclerosis (ISSc) are very rare. We report a case of CREST syndrome associated with sick sinus syndrome. Histopathology of cardiac muscle revealed fibrotic changes, suggesting that such changes may be pathogenetically related to CREST syndrome.
Vasculitis
Authors: Smith J. Graham 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany cutaneous and systemic disorders are associated with inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels. Several classifications of vasculitis have been used. Internists tend to utilize the classification of Fauci with modifications such as those by Cupps. Gibson and Ryan, who are dermatopathologists, have classified vasculitis based on vessel size, leukocyte type, and presence of granulomas. A more recent classification has been developed by Jennette, a pathologist, and colleagues.The etiology of vasculitis is varied; it includes bacteria, viruses, chemicals, autoimmune disease, malignancy and abnormal exogenous and endogenous proteins. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis can be experimentally reproduced by the Arthus phenomenon. IgM and C3 are found in cutaneous blood vessels and associated with circulating immune complexes. CH50, C3 and C4 may be reduced in serum.Increased incidence of nasal carriage of staphylococci is associated with higher relapse rates in Wegener's granulomatosis and toxic shock syndrome toxin from staphylococci is associated with the Kawasaki syndrome. Additionally, at least four systemic vasculitic drug reactions can be confirmed with patch testing.Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are found in association with certain systemic vasculitides. These may be tested with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with radioimmunoassays. Originally cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA) was identified with proteinase 3 as the antigen and perinuclear ANCA (pANCA) was related to myeloperoxidase. While cANCA is very specific for proteinase 3, pANCA is associated with a number of antigens other than myeloperoxidase. pANCA is found with alcohol fixed but not formalin‐fixed neutrophils. cANCA is particularly sensitive and specific for Wegener's granulomatosis and predicts prognosis and response to therapy. pANCA is not so specific and is associated with a number of other vasculitic syndromes.Cutaneous vasculitis is managed primarily with colchicine, dapsone and prednisone, with recent studies indicating that there may be a synergistic effect of pentoxifylline with dapsone. Systemic vasculitis involves treatment with various agents. Recently it has been observed that co‐trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) is useful in many cases of Wegener's granulomatosis along with other more toxic chemotherapeutic agents.
Studies of Patients with Anti‐Epiligrin Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Yancey Kim B. , Kirtschig Gudula , Yee Carole , Lazarova Zelmira 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe have recently identified patients with a form of cicatricial pemphigoid who have IgG anti‐basement membrane autoantibodies directed against epiligrin, a laminin isoform closely related if not identical to laminin 5. These patients' autoantibodies bind the lower lamina lucida of human epidermal basement membrane and immunoprecipitate this laminin isoform from extracts and media of biosynthetically radiolabeled human keratinocytes. Immunoblot studies show that these patients' autoantibodies specifically bind the α subunit of this laminin (i.e., laminin subunit α3). We have found no evidence of these autoantibodies in normal volunteers or patients with other bullous skin diseases (including those with other forms of CP). These studies have identified a group of patients with an acquired, autoimmune, subepidermal bullous disorder who have disease‐specific autoantibodies directed against the α subunit of epiligrin/laminin 5. These findings correlate with prior reports showing that a monoclonal antibody directed against this laminin subunit induces detachment of keratinocytes from extracellular matrix in vitro as well as epidermis from human skin in situ. Together, these findings suggest that this laminin mediates attachment of basal keratinocytes to epidermal basement membrane and that autoantibodies directed against it may be pathogenic. Moreover, recent studies showing that subunits of this laminin isoform are mutated in some patients with Herlitz's junctional epidermolysis bullosa indicate that acquired or inherited abnormalities in this adhesion ligand are associated with skin diseases characterized by separation of epidermis from epidermal BM.
UVB‐Dependent Modulation of Epidermal Cytokine Network: Roles in UVB‐Induced Depletion of Langerhans Cells and Dendritic Epidermal T Cells
Authors: Takashima Akira 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe epidermis of mice consists of three cellular components, i.e., keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LC), and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). Each epidermal subpopulation produces a different set of cytokines, thereby forming a unique cytokine milieu. These cytokines, in turn, support the survival and growth of LC and DETC and regulate their immunological functions. LC and DETC play important, but distinct, effector roles in protective immunity against antigens that are generated in or penetrate into the epidermis. Acute or chronic exposure of mice to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is known to impair this cutaneous immunity, as evidenced by the failure to induce T cell‐mediated immune reactions, by the generation of antigen‐specific immunological unresponsiveness, and by the development of skin cancers. Importantly, these changes are associated with reduced densities of LC and DETC in UVB‐exposed skin, suggesting that the deficiency in these epidermal leukocytes may account for some of the deleterious influences of UVB radiation on skin. Here I will review the recent advance in our understanding of the mechanisms by which UVB radiation may deplete LC and DETC from epidermis. More specifically, I will discuss the following possibilities: a) UVB‐mediated suppression of the production of relevant growth factors for LC and DETC, b) UVB‐induced abrogation of surface expression of growth factor receptors, and c) UVB‐triggered apoptotic cell death in epidermal leukocytes.
Expression of Lewis Y (Ley) Antigen in Human Anagen Hair Follicles
Authors: Tamada Yasuhiko , Takama Hiromichi , Ikeya Toshihiko , Yokochi Takashi , Mori Hijiri , Matsumoto Yoshinari 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLewis Y (Ley) antigen, a difucosylated tetrasaccharide found on type 2 blood group oligosaccharides of glycolipids and glycoproteins, is thought to be a phenotypic marker predictive of cell differentiation. The distribution of this antigen in human anagen hair follicles was examined by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody (AH‐6) to Ley. In the bulbar and suprabulbar portion of anagen hair follicles, Ley antigen was detected in the three layers of the inner root sheath. Subsequently, the positive staining became translocated to the innermost layer of the outer root sheath in the middle part of the hair follicles. In the upper portion of the hair follicles, Ley antigen was found in the outer cells of the outer root sheath. These findings suggested that the expression of Ley antigen in the anagen hair follicles was correlated with the processes of keratinization or terminal differentiation.
Apoptosis Identified by DNA Fragmentation in Epidermal Neoplasms
Authors: Mori Osamu , Hachisuka Hiroshi , Kiyokawa Chie , Sasai Yoichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the previous study, we demonstrated apoptotic cells in basal cell carcinomas by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Positive staining cells were present at the peripheries and centers of the nests. The number of positive cells increased in cases showing deep infiltration.We also stained other epidermal neoplasms using this modified TUNEL method. In squamous cell carcinomas, many positive cells were observed in poorly differentiated types, but only a few cells were stained in well‐differentiated types. TUNEL positive cells were rare in Bowen's disease. No positive cells were seen in seborrheic keratosis or verruca vulgaris. Our studies showed that apoptotic cells were more common in rapid growth neoplasms than in slow growth neoplasms.
In vitro and In vivo Antibiotic Susceptibility of Lyme Disease Borrelia Isolated from the Ixodid Tick in Japan
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Yamada Kazuto , Kurita Toru , Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Yanagihara Yasutake 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAntimicrobial susceptibility of the Lyme disease Borrelia, strain HP1 vi, isolated from the tick Ixodes persulcatus in Hokkaido, Japan, was determined in vitro and in vivo. A broth dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum borreliacidal concentrations (MBCs) of five antimicrobial agents. Strain HP1 vi was most susceptible to minocycline (MBC, 0.2 μg/ml). The other antimicrobial agents tested, aspoxicillin, cefmetazole sodium, imipenem cilastatin sodium, and panipenem betamipron, had higher MBCs of 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, >25 μg/ml, and >25 μg/ml, respectively. In vivo antibiotic susceptibility study using a ddY mouse model demonstrated that minocycline and amoxicillin were effective; minocycline had a lower 50% effective dose (ED50) value (6.25 mg/kg) than amoxicillin (30 mg/kg).
Mild Insulin Resistance during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in Women with Acne
Authors: Aizawa Hiroshi , Niimura Michihito 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of basal insulin and glucose‐stimulated insulin, and to evaluate their correlations with androgen levels in women with acne. Serum levels of total testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were measured and compared in thirty women with moderate or severe acne and thirteen healthy controls. Serum FT, DHT and DHEA‐S levels in the acne group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In the acne group, there were no significant correlations between insulin or IGF‐1 levels and T, FT, DHT and SHBG, despite the positive correlation between insulin and IGF‐1. In order to determine the effects of insulin secretion as a dynamic response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum androgen levels in acne patients, we examined the responses of serum insulin and androgen levels to a 75 g, 2 hour OGTT in the acne group and in the control group. Basal insulin levels were not significantly higher than those in the control group, but the summed insulin levels during the OGTT in the acne group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum T and FT levels in the acne group decreased during the OGTT, but these changes were not so significant when compared to normal controls. In conclusion, we tried to demonstrate mild insulin resistance during the OGTT in acne patients. However, postmeal transient hyperinsulinemia does not seem to play an important role in determining hyperandrogenemia in acne patients.
A Case of Cutaneous Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: Ichikawa Eiko , Asano Satoe , Okabe Seigo , Itami Makiko , Ohara Kuniaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 54‐year‐old Japanese man with cutaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma on the back is reported. He not only had a past history of thyroid cancer 1 year prior to the onset of the skin tumor, but also had simultaneous bladder cancer. Despite the early, wide resection, the prognosis was rapid and progressive. Histologically, the primary lesion of the skin tumor was difficult to differentiate from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; however, the recurrent and the metastatic lesions changed in appearance.
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated with Lung Cancer and Immunosuppression
Authors: Kato Naoko , Harada Masao , Yamashiro Katsushige 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a 65‐year‐old Japanese woman with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The eruption first occurred on the legs while she was admitted for treatment of poorly differentiated lung cancer. Approximately eight months after the evolution, cutaneous tumors rapidly spread to the forearms, trunk, and pharynx. At that time, the patient had received systemic corticosteroid (10–40 mg/day of prednisolone) for about three months to reduce pulmonary inflammation. The laboratory data showed anemia, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and a decreased T cell count, although the serological test for HIV infection was negative.The patient was treated with radiation (X‐ray for KS of pharynx and electron beam for KS of lower legs) and local intralesional injection of vinblastine. Although both therapies were very effective and well tolerated, she died of bacterial pneumonia and sepsis. Autopsy revealed KS tumors, unknown before death, in both lungs, the esophagus, and the stomach. The left lung cancer had disseminated and metastasized to the right lung, pleura, mediastinum, and abdominal cavity.It is suspected that chronic respiratory distress and systemic use of corticosteroids might have induced the rapid extension of KS.
Pruritic Papular Eruptions and Candidiasis Due to HIV Infection
Authors: Uchigasaki Shuhko , Baba Shunichi , Kakinuma Hiroshi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Sawada Shigemasa , Kasori Junichirou , Okamoto Takeharu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present two patients with refractory papular eruptions and severe candidiasis. Both of them are positive for treponema pallidum and have suffered from pruritic papular eruptions (PPE) that had resisted therapy for years. Also, candidiasis appeared in the mouth, at intertriginous sites, and on the feet The clinical features suggested immunodeficiency, and HIV tests were positive.Histologically, the specimen from the PPE lesion showed perivascular and perifollicular mixed cell infiltration. The fungus was identified by both Parker‐KOH‐mount examination and mycologic culture as Candida albicans. The pruritic papules were healed almost completely with oral antihistamine and topical corticosteroid treatment, and the candidiasis mostly disappeared after treatment with topical antifungal agents alone. We learned from these two cases that refractory PPE and severe candidiasis indicate a need for HIV testing.