bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usable Science? The U.K. Climate Projections 2009 and Decision Support for Adaptation Planning
Authors: Tang Samuel , Dessai Suraje 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith future changes in climate being inevitable, adaptation planning has become a policy priority. A central element in adaptation planning is scientific expertise and knowledge of what the future climate may hold. The U.K. Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) provide climate information designed to help those needing to plan how to adapt to a changing climate. This paper attempts to determine how useful and usable UKCP09 is for adaptation decision making. The study used a mixed-methods approach that includes analysis of adaptation reports, a quantitative survey, and semistructured interviews with key adaptation stakeholders working in the science–policy interface, which included decision makers, knowledge producers, and knowledge translators. The knowledge system criteria were used to assess the credibility, legitimacy, and saliency of UKCP09 for each stakeholder group. It emerged that stakeholders perceived UKCP09 to be credible and legitimate because of its sophistication, funding source, and the scientific reputation of organizations involved in UKCP09’s development. However, because of the inherent complexities of decision making and a potentially greater diversity in users, UKCP09’s saliency was found to be dependent upon the scientific competence and familiarity of the user(s) in dealing with climate information. An example of this was the use of Bayesian probabilistic projections, which improved the credibility and legitimacy of UKCP09’s science but reduced the saliency for decision making. This research raises the question of whether the tailoring of climate projections is needed to enhance their salience for decision making, while recognizing that it is difficult to balance the three knowledge criteria in the production of usable science.
Physical illness in psychiatric inpatients: Comparison of patients with and without substance use disorders
Authors: Frasch Karel , Larsen Jens Ivar , Cordes Joachim , Jacobsen Bent , Wallenstein Jensen Signe Olrik , Lauber Christoph , Nielsen Jørgen Achton , Tsuchiya Kenji J , Uwakwe Richard , Munk-Jørgensen Povl , Kilian Reinhold , Becker Thomas 
Published: October 2012

Background: Physical comorbidities and substance use are commonly reported in patients with mental disorders. Aim: To examine somatic comorbidity in patients with substance use disorders (SUD) compared to patients with mental disorders but no SUD. Methods: Lifetime prevalence data on mental and physical health status were collected from inpatients in 12 mental health care facilities in five different countries. Differences in somatic comorbidity were examined by means of logistic regression analysis controlling for age and gender. Results: Of 2,338 patients, 447 (19%) had a primary or secondary SUD diagnosis. In comparison to patients with other mental disorders, patients with SUD had a higher prevalence of infectious and digestive diseases but a lower prevalence of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders. Patterns of physical comorbidities differed according to type of substance used (alcohol use – cardiovascular; tobacco use – respiratory, neoplasms; cannabinoid use – injuries; opioid use – infectious, digestive; benzodiazepine use – endocrine, nutritional, metabolic; stimulants – urogenital). Conclusions: SUD are related to specific somatic health risks while some of our findings point to potentially protective effects. The widespread prescription of benzodiazepines requires research on physical health effects. Early detection of SUD and their integration into programmes targeting physical comorbidity should be a priority in organizing mental health care.
Duration of untreated illness (DUI) and schizophrenia sub-types: A collaborative study between the universities of Milan and Moscow
Authors: Buoli Massimiliano , Dell’Osso Bernardo , Zaytseva Yuliya , Gurovich Isaac Ya , Movina Larisa , Dorodnova Anna , Shmuckler Alexander , Altamura A Carlo 
Published: October 2012

Background: Several studies show an association between a long duration of untreated illness (DUI) and poor outcome in schizophrenic patients. DUI, in turn, may be influenced by different variables including specific illness-related factors as well as access to local psychiatric services. Aims: The purposes of the present study were to detect differences in terms of DUI among schizophrenics coming from different geographic areas and to evaluate differences in DUI across diagnostic sub-types. Method: One hundred and twenty-five (125) schizophrenic patients of the Psychiatric Clinic of Milan ( n = 51) and Moscow ( n = 74) were enrolled. SCID-I was administered to all patients and information about DUI was obtained by consulting clinical charts and health system databases, and by means of clinical interviews with patients and their relatives. DUI was defined as the time between the onset of illness and the administration of the first antipsychotic drug. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to find eventual differences in terms of DUI across diagnostic sub-types. Results: Italian patients showed a longer DUI ( M = 4.14 years, SD = 4.95) than Russians ( M = 1.16 years, SD = 1.43) ( F = 24.03, p < .001). DUI was found to be longer in paranoid schizophrenics ( M = 3.47 years, SD = 4.19) compared to catatonic patients ( M = 0.96 years, SD = 0.94) ( F = 3.56, p = .016). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the different schizophrenic sub-types may differ in terms of DUI, likely due to different clinical severity and social functioning. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the data of the present study.
Composite proton conducting membrane by radiation-induced grafting of 1-vinylimidazole onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) and phosphoric acid doping
Authors: Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Ali Amgad Ahmed , Saidi Hamdani 
Published: October 2012

Composite membrane containing phosphoric acid (PA) for possible use in a fuel cell was prepared by radiation-induced grafting of 1-vinylimidazole (1-VIm) onto poly(ethylene- co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films followed by protonation with PA doping. The preparation procedure involved three steps: (i) irradiation of ETFE films by an electron beam, (ii) grafting of 1-VIm onto the irradiated films under selected conditions and (iii) doping the grafted film with PA. The membrane composition, thermal properties and thermal stability were evaluated using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The obtained membrane was found to have a degree of grafting of 54% and 6.6 mmol PA per poly-VIm repeating unit with ionic conductivity of 140 mS cm−1 at 120°C and ∼20% relative humidity. The overall results suggest that the membrane has a promising combination of physicochemical properties appealing for possible application in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell above 100°C.
Long-term treatment risks in multiple sclerosis: risk knowledge and risk perception in a large cohort of mitoxantrone-treated patients
Authors: Hofmann A , Stellmann JP , Kasper J , Ufer F , Elias WG , Pauly I , Repenthin J , Rosenkranz T , Weber T , Köpke S , Heesen C ,   on behalf of the MS Network Hamburg
Published: October 2012

Background: Balancing treatment benefits and risks is part of a shared decision-making process before initiating any treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients understand, appreciate and profit from evidence-based patient information (EBPI). While these processes are well known, long-term risk awareness and risk processing of patients has not been studied. Mitoxantrone treatment in MS is associated with long-term major potential harms – leukaemia (LK) and cardiotoxicity (CT). The risk knowledge and perception among patients currently or previously treated with mitoxantrone is unknown. Objectives: The objective of this article is to conduct a retrospective cohort study in greater Hamburg, Germany, to estimate risk awareness and perception in MS patients treated with mitoxantrone. Methods: MS patients with at least one dose of mitoxantrone between 1991 and 2010 from six major MS centres in greater Hamburg received a questionnaire assessing risk awareness and perception as well as a written EBPI about mitoxantrone-associated LK and CT. Results: Fifty-one per cent in the cohort of n = 575 patients returned the questionnaire. Forty per cent correctly estimated the risk of LK (CT 16%); 56% underestimated the risk (CT 82%). Reading the information increased the accuracy of LK risk estimation, and patients did not report an increase of worries. The EBPI was appreciated and recommended by 85%. Conclusion: Risk awareness of mitoxantrone-treated patients is insufficient, but can be increased by EBPI without increasing worries. Continued patient information during and after treatment should be implemented in management algorithms.
Analysis of prognostic factors associated with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
Authors: Sepúlveda María , Blanco Yolanda , Rovira Alex , Rio Jordi , Mendibe Mar , Llufriu Sara , Gabilondo Iñigo , Villoslada Pablo , Castilló Joaquin , Corral Juan , Ayuso Teresa , Iñiguez Cristina , Santos Sonia , Guijarro Cristina , Ramió-Torrentà Lluis , Sempere Angel P , Olascoaga Javier , Graus Francesc , Montalban Xavier , Saiz Albert 
Published: October 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to report the clinical profile and outcome of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Methods: We prospectively studied adult patients who presented with LETM from January 2008 to December 2011. Information on demographic, clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and outcome was collected. HLA-DRB1 genotype was compared with those of 225 normal controls and patients with MS (228) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (22). Results: In total, 23 patients (16 female) with a median age of 44.5 years (range: 20–77 years) were included. Most (74%) had moderate–severe disability at nadir (48% non-ambulatory), normal/non-multiple sclerosis (MS) brain MRI (96%) and a median MRI cord lesion of 5 vertebral segments (range: 3–19). Laboratory analysis showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (45%), NMO-IgG (9%), antinuclear antibodies (70%), and genotype HLA-DRB1*13 (57%). The frequency of DRB1*13 genotype was higher compared with controls ( p=0.002), MS ( p=0.001) and NMO ( p= 0.003) patients. After a median follow-up of 32 months, one patient converted to MS, two had relapsing LETM with NMO-IgG, and 20 remained as idiopathic with recurrences in four (20%). Twelve (52%) patients recovered with minimal disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <2.5) and three (13%) remained wheelchair dependent. Disability at nadir was associated with the final outcome and extension of the spinal cord lesion with risk of recurrence. Recurrence was not associated with worse outcome. Conclusions: Inflammatory LETM is mostly idiopathic with a good outcome. It includes a relatively homogenous group of patients with an overrepresentation of the HLA-DRB1*13 genotype. EDSS at nadir is a predictor of the final outcome and extension of the myelitis of the recurrence risk.
ADvanced IMage Algebra (ADIMA): a novel method for depicting multiple sclerosis lesion heterogeneity, as demonstrated by quantitative MRI
Authors: Yiannakas Marios C , Tozer Daniel J , Schmierer Klaus , Chard Declan T , Anderson Valerie M , Altmann Daniel R , Miller David H , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM 
Published: October 2012

Background: There are modest correlations between multiple sclerosis (MS) disability and white matter lesion (WML) volumes, as measured by T2-weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (T2-WML). This may partly reflect pathological heterogeneity in WMLs, which is not apparent on T2w scans. Objective: To determine if ADvanced IMage Algebra (ADIMA), a novel MRI post-processing method, can reveal WML heterogeneity from proton-density weighted (PDw) and T2w images. Methods: We obtained conventional PDw and T2w images from 10 patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and ADIMA images were calculated from these. We classified all WML into bright (ADIMA-b) and dark (ADIMA-d) sub-regions, which were segmented. We obtained conventional T2-WML and T1-WML volumes for comparison, as well as the following quantitative magnetic resonance parameters: magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR), T1 and T2. Also, we assessed the reproducibility of the segmentation for ADIMA-b, ADIMA-d and T2-WML. Results: Our study’s ADIMA-derived volumes correlated with conventional lesion volumes ( p < 0.05). ADIMA-b exhibited higher T1 and T2, and lower MTR than the T2-WML ( p < 0.001). Despite the similarity in T1 values between ADIMA-b and T1-WML, these regions were only partly overlapping with each other. ADIMA-d exhibited quantitative characteristics similar to T2-WML; however, they were only partly overlapping. Mean intra- and inter-observer coefficients of variation for ADIMA-b, ADIMA-d and T2-WML volumes were all < 6 % and < 10 %, respectively. Conclusion: ADIMA enabled the simple classification of WML into two groups having different quantitative magnetic resonance properties, which can be reproducibly distinguished.
Serum levels of LIGHT in MS
Authors: Malmeström Clas , Gillett Alan , Jernås Margareta , Khademi Mohsen , Axelsson Markus , Kockum Ingrid , Mattsson Niklas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Alfredsson Lars , Wadenvik Hans , Lycke Jan , Olsson Tomas , Olsson Bob 
Published: October 2012

Background: Recently, a polymorphism in the LIGHT gene was shown to increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Objective: Our aim was to investigate if serum levels of LIGHT were affected by this polymorphism and by the disease itself. Methods: Serum levels of LIGHT were investigated in four cohorts; 1) MS ( n = 159) and controls ( n = 160) in relation to rs1077667 genotype; 2) MS at relapse ( n = 30) vs. healthy controls ( n = 26); 3) MS ( n = 27) vs. other neurological disease (OND, n = 33); and 4) MS patients before and after one year of treatment with natalizumab ( n = 30). Results: Carriers of the GG genotype had the lowest serum levels of LIGHT ( p=0.02). Serum levels of LIGHT were increased in MS at relapse in two separate cohorts: vs. healthy controls ( p=0.00005) and vs. remission ( p=0.00006), other neurological disease (OND) ( p=0.002) and OND with signs of inflammation (iOND; p=0.00005). Furthermore, serum levels of LIGHT were decreased by natalizumab treatment ( p=0.001). Conclusion: Soluble LIGHT is an inhibitor of T-cell activation and GG carriers of rs1077667, with the highest risk for MS, had the lowest serum levels. The increased levels of LIGHT at times of increased MS activity suggest that soluble LIGHT is protective and may act to limit inflammation.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Smalberg Jasper H. , Arends Lidia R. , Valla Dominique C. , Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Janssen Harry L. A. , Leebeek Frank W. G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are the most common cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and nonmalignant, noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis (PVT). In this meta-analysis, we determined the prevalence of MPNs and their subtypes as well as JAK2V617F and its diagnostic role in these uncommon disorders. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. Prevalence of MPNs, JAK2V617F, and MPN subtypes were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 1062 BCS and 855 PVT patients were included. In BCS, mean prevalence of MPNs and JAK2V617F was 40.9% (95% CI, 32.9%-49.5%) and 41.1% (95% CI, 32.3%-50.6%), respectively. In PVT, mean prevalence of MPNs and JAK2V617F was 31.5% (95% CI, 25.1%-38.8%) and 27.7% (95% CI, 20.8%-35.8%), respectively. JAK2V617F and MPNs were more frequent in BCS compared with PVT (P = .03 and P = .09, respectively). Polycythemia vera was more prevalent in BCS than in PVT (P = .001). JAK2V617F screening in splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) patients without typical hematologic MPN features identified MPN in 17.1% and 15.4% of screened BCS and PVT patients, respectively. These results demonstrate a high prevalence of MPNs and JAK2V617F in SVT patients and show differences in underlying etiology between these disorders. Furthermore, these results validate routine inclusion of JAK2V617F in the diagnostic workup of SVT patients.
Cardiovascular risk factors in hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors: role in development of subsequent cardiovascular disease
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Sun Can-Lan , Vase Tabitha , Ness Kirsten K. , Blum Emily , Francisco Liton , Venkataraman Kalyanasundaram , Samoa Raynald , Wong F. Lennie , Forman Stephen J. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients may be at an increased risk of developing hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (referred to as cardiovascular risk factors [CVRFs]); and these factors can potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the incidence and predictors of CVRFs and subsequent CVD in 1885 consecutive 1+year survivors of HCT performed at City of Hope between 1995 and 2004. Ten-year cumulative incidence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and multiple (≥ 2) CVRFs was 37.7%, 18.1%, 46.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. The prevalence of CVRFs was significantly higher among HCT recipients compared with the general population; contributed to largely by allogeneic HCT recipients. Older age and obesity at HCT were associated with increased risk of CVRFs. History of grade II-IV acute graft versus host disease was associated with an increased risk for hypertension (relative risk [RR] = 9.1, P < .01), diabetes (RR = 5.8, P < .01), and dyslipidemia (RR = 3.2, P < .01); conditioning with total body irradiation was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (RR = 1.5, P = .01) and dyslipidemia (RR = 1.4, P < .01). There was an incremental increase in 10-year incidence of CVD by number of CVRFs (4.7% [none], 7.0% [1 CVRF], 11.2% [≥ 2 CVRFs], P < .01); the risk was especially high (15.0%) in patients with multiple CVRFs and pre-HCT exposure to anthracyclines or chest radiation.
Multiplicative synergistic risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development among hepatitis B and C co-infected subjects in HBV endemic area: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Oh Jin-Kyoung , Shin Hai-Rim , Lim Min Kyung , Cho Heeyoun , Kim Dong-Il , Jee Youngmee , Yun Haesun , Yoo Keun-Young 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
There has been limited study on the effect of infection with different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic regions of Asia.

Methods
Hazard ratios of HCC development were estimated for HBV and HCV co-infected subjects among a community-based prospective cohort. HCV genotype was determined in HCV RNA-positive samples. Incident HCC cases were identified through linkage to the cancer registry.

Results
HCC incidence was 79 per 100,000 person-years in the study population (50 incident cases among 6,694 individuals within 63,170 person-years with an average of 9.4 years of follow-up); seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was 5.2% and 5.6%. Adjusted hazard ratios of HCC by HBsAg positivity and anti-HCV positivity were 13.3 (CI: 7.3-24.4) and 6.7 (CI: 3.6-12.6). HRs of HBV and HCV monoinfection, and HBV/HCV coinfection were 17.1 (CI: 8.4-34.8), 10.4 (CI: 4.9-22.1) and 115.0 (CI: 32.5-407.3). Multiplicative synergistic effect of HBV/HCV coinfection on HCC risk was also observed (synergy index: 4.5, CI: 1.3-15.5). Infection with HCV genotype 1 (HR: 29.7, CI: 13.6-46.8) and mixed infection with genotype 1 and 2 (HR: 68.7, CI: 16.4-288.4) significantly elevated HCC risk, much higher than HBV infection.

Conclusions
The effect of differences in HCV genotype and the multiplicative synergistic effect of HBV/HCV coinfection on HCC risk shown in the present study underline the need for comprehensive identification of hepatitis infection status in order to prevent and control HCC in this HBV endemic area.
LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression induced during melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture favors the transendothelial migration of melanoma cell lines in vitro
Authors: Ghislin Stephanie , Obino Dorian , Middendorp Sandrine , Boggetto Nicole , Alcaide-Loridan Catherine , Deshayes Frederique 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPatients with metastatic melanoma have a poor median rate of survival. It is therefore necessary to increase our knowledge about melanoma cell dissemination which includes extravasation, where cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier. Extravasation is well understood during travelling of white blood cells, and involves integrins such as LFA-1 (composed of two chains, CD11a and CD18) expressed by T cells, while ICAM-1 is induced during inflammation by endothelial cells. Although melanoma cell lines cross endothelial cell barriers, they do not express LFA-1. We therefore hypothesized that melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture might induce the LFA-1/ICAM ligand/receptor couple during melanoma transmigration.MethodsA transwell approach has been used as well as blocking antibodies against CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1. Data were analyzed with an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified with the ImageJ software.ResultsWe show here that HUVEC-conditioned medium induce cell-surface expression of LFA-1 on melanoma cell lines. Similarly melanoma-conditioned medium activates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Accordingly blocking antibodies of ICAM-1, CD11a or CD18 strongly decrease melanoma transmigration. We therefore demonstrate that melanoma cells can cross endothelial monolayers in vitro due to the induction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 occurring during the co-culture of melanoma and endothelial cells. Our data further suggest a role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the formation of melanoma cell clumps enhancing tumor cell transmigration.ConclusionMelanoma-endothelial cell co-culture induces LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby favoring in vitro melanoma trans-migration.
Enhanced cell disruption strategy in the release of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen from Pichia pastoris using response surface methodology
Authors: Tam Yew Joon , Allaudin Zeenathul Nazariah , Lila Mohd Azmi Mohd , Bahaman Abdul Rani , Tan Joo Shun , Rezaei Morvarid Akhavan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Cell disruption strategies by high pressure homogenizer for the release of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from Pichia pastoris expression cells were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The factors studied include number of passes, biomass concentration and pulse pressure. Polynomial models were used to correlate the above mentioned factors to project the cell disruption capability and specific protein release of HBsAg from P. pastoris cells.

Results
The proposed cell disruption strategy consisted of a number of passes set at 20 times, biomass concentration of 7.70 g/L of dry cell weight (DCW) and pulse pressure at 1,029 bar. The optimized cell disruption strategy was shown to increase cell disruption efficiency by 2-fold and 4-fold for specific protein release of HBsAg when compared to glass bead method yielding 75.68% cell disruption rate (CDR) and HBsAg concentration of 29.20 mg/L respectively.

Conclusions
The model equation generated from RSM on cell disruption of P. pastoris was found adequate to determine the significant factors and its interactions among the process variables and the optimum conditions in releasing HBsAg when validated against a glass bead cell disruption method. The findings from the study can open up a promising strategy for better recovery of HBsAg recombinant protein during downstream processing.