bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater to Olive Cake Oil
Authors: Boudissa Farida , Kadi Hocine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe transfer of the phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW) to oil extracted under microwave from olive cake (OC) was carried out by using the following operations: mixing of the olive mill wastewater with the olive cake, drying of the mixture and recovery by solvent of the olive cake oil enriched by phenolic compounds. In the first part of this work, we made a screening design using a Hadamard matrix to quickly locate the factors influencing the process. Among five potentially influential parameters, we found that only three were actually active (OMW/OC ratio noted R, mixing velocity of mixture Vm and mixing time Tm). In the second part, fractional factorial design (25−1) was performed to evaluate the effects of five variables (three of them being selected by screening with exposition time Te and radiation power P) and their eventual interactions. The p value (p < 0.05) indicated that R, P,Te, Vm and Tm had significant effects on the response followed by the interaction effects between R‐P, P‐Te, R‐Vm, Te‐Vm, Te‐Tm, and Vm‐Tm. Under optimal conditions, the addition of OMW to OC increased the phenolic compounds content in the oil from 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.13 ± 0.02 g/L.
Effect of intratympanic mitomycin C on the development of cholesteatoma and otitis media in rats
Authors: Melo A A , Caldas Neto S S , Leão F S , Campos A J C 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:To determine whether the administration of mitomycin C prevents propylene glycol exposure from inducing middle-ear cholesteatoma and otitis media, in a rat model.Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats underwent intratympanic injections on days 1, 8 and 15, via the tympanic membrane pars tensa, in both the right and left ears. The right ear injection solution contained 50 per cent propylene glycol, gentamicin and saline (0.9 per cent), while the left ear solution contained 50 per cent propylene glycol, gentamicin and mitomycin C. Animals were sacrificed and examined.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups for tympanic bulla mucosal thickness (p = 0.004) but not for tympanic membrane thickness (p = 0.371), otomicroscopic findings (p = 0.262), or the presence of exudate (p = 0.125), fibrosis (p = 1.000) or cholesteatoma (p = 0.687).Conclusion:Intratympanic mitomycin C was ineffective in preventing middle-ear cholesteatoma and otitis media in this rat model.
Secondary, profound, sensorineural hearing loss after recovery from haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli, and subsequent cochlear implantation, in two Japanese children
Authors: Minami S B , Takegoshi H , Shinjo Y , Kaga K 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives:To describe two cases of profound hearing loss secondary to enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliinfection, and to report the efficacy of subsequent cochlear implantation.Results:The first case was a four-year-old girl admitted to hospital withEscherichia coliO157 infection and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Mild hearing loss was confirmed five months after discharge, progressing to profound loss three months later. At the age of seven years, she underwent cochlear implantation, with remarkable improvement in speech perception and production. The second case was a three-year-old boy admitted with haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused byEscherichia coliO111 infection. One year after disease onset, profound hearing loss was confirmed. Cochlear implantation at the age of five years produced significant recovery of auditory function.Conclusion:This study represents the first published report of secondary hearing loss after recovery from haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli. It indicates that cochlear implantation can restore hearing function in such patients.
Caught on camera: hairy polyp of the posterior tonsillar pillar
Authors: Seng S , Kieran S M , Vargas S O , Mcgill T J 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:Hairy polyps are rare congenital growths of the head and neck, mainly found in the nasopharynx and oropharynx. They are made up of two germ cell layers: the ectoderm and mesoderm.Methods:This paper reports a four-month-old who presented with breathing and feeding difficulties. Clinical examination was unremarkable, but a video taken by the patient's mother on her smartphone showed a mass protruding from the infant's mouth. Laryngoscopy performed in the operating theatre showed that the mass emanated from the left posterior tonsillar pillar.Results:The mass was removed transorally with no complications. Pathological examination showed a skin-covered pedunculated structure characteristic of a hairy polyp. The patient's follow up was unremarkable.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this is the second English-language case report of a patient with a hairy polyp emanating from a posterior tonsillar pillar. This paper also highlights the growing usage of smartphones by patients to help physicians with their diagnosis and management.
Effects of resource limitation on habitat usage by the browser guild in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa
Authors: O'Kane Christopher A. J. , Duffy Kevin J. , Page Bruce R. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract:Resource depletion and associated increases in interspecific competition are likely to influence differential habitat usage amongst a guild. We tested some prominent theoretical concepts using observed differences in seasonal habitat use amongst the savanna browser guild (elephant, giraffe, impala, kudu and nyala) in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa. Herbivore locations (n = 3108) were recorded over 2 y using repeated road transects and, for elephant, GPS collars (187 254 downloads). Densities were calculated using a novel GIS approach designed to be a cost-effective method for annual censuses, but also able to cope with abrupt changes in visibility. Selectivity for (Manly's α) vegetation types, and overlap (Schoener's index) in vegetation type usage were calculated. Resource depletion in the dry season resulted in all members of the guild increasing selectivity for vegetation types (sum of absolute values away from the neutral value for Manly's alpha for the guild: dry seasons 3.97, 5.16; corresponding wet seasons 3.12, 3.68), but decreasing interspecific overlap (80% of Schoener's indices lower in dry season versus wet season). These effects were more marked over the second, more severe, dry season. We found support for the niche overlap hypothesis and the niche compression hypothesis. The Jarman–Bell principle was generally supported, although unexpectedly during the severe dry season elephant showed the most selectivity for vegetation type. The greater the resource depletion, the more relevant interspecific differences in habitat usage become in relation to the differential impacts of guild members.
Community-wide plasmid gene mobilization and selection
Authors: Sentchilo Vladimir , Mayer Antonia P , Guy Lionel , Miyazaki Ryo , Green Tringe Susannah , Barry Kerrie , Malfatti Stephanie , Goessmann Alexander , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , van der Meer Jan R 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Plasmids have long been recognized as an important driver of DNA exchange and genetic innovation in prokaryotes. The success of plasmids has been attributed to their independent replication from the host’s chromosome and their frequent self-transfer. It is thought that plasmids accumulate, rearrange and distribute nonessential genes, which may provide an advantage for host proliferation under selective conditions. In order to test this hypothesis independently of biases from culture selection, we study the plasmid metagenome from microbial communities in two activated sludge systems, one of which receives mostly household and the other chemical industry wastewater. We find that plasmids from activated sludge microbial communities carry among the largest proportion of unknown gene pools so far detected in metagenomic DNA, confirming their presumed role of DNA innovators. At a system level both plasmid metagenomes were dominated by functions associated with replication and transposition, and contained a wide variety of antibiotic and heavy metal resistances. Plasmid families were very different in the two metagenomes and grouped in deep-branching new families compared with known plasmid replicons. A number of abundant plasmid replicons could be completely assembled directly from the metagenome, providing insight in plasmid composition without culturing bias. Functionally, the two metagenomes strongly differed in several ways, including a greater abundance of genes for carbohydrate metabolism in the industrial and of general defense factors in the household activated sludge plasmid metagenome. This suggests that plasmids not only contribute to the adaptation of single individual prokaryotic species, but of the prokaryotic community as a whole under local selective conditions.
Quality or quantity: is nutrient transfer driven more by symbiont identity and productivity than by symbiont abundance?
Authors: Freeman Christopher J , Thacker Robert W , Baker David M , Fogel Marilyn L 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
By forming symbiotic interactions with microbes, many animals and plants gain access to the products of novel metabolic pathways. We investigated the transfer of symbiont-derived carbon and nitrogen to the sponges Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Chondrilla caribensis, Neopetrosia subtriangularis and Xestospongia bocatorensis, all of which host abundant microbial populations, and Niphates erecta, which hosts a sparse symbiont community. We incubated sponges in light and dark bottles containing seawater spiked with 13C- and 15N-enriched inorganic compounds and then measured 13C and 15N enrichment in the microbial (nutrient assimilation) and sponge (nutrient transfer) fractions. Surprisingly, although most sponges hosting abundant microbial communities were more enriched in 13C than N. erecta, only N. subtriangularis was more enriched in 15N than N. erecta. Although photosymbiont abundance varied substantially across species, 13C and 15N enrichment was not significantly correlated with photosymbiont abundance. Enrichment was significantly correlated with the ratio of gross productivity to respiration (P:R), which varied across host species and symbiont phylotype. Because irradiance impacts P:R ratios, we also incubated A. cauliformis in 13C-enriched seawater under different irradiances to determine whether symbiont carbon fixation and transfer are dependent on irradiance. Carbon fixation and transfer to the sponge host occurred in all treatments, but was greatest at higher irradiances and was significantly correlated with P:R ratios. Taken together, these results demonstrate that nutrient transfer from microbial symbionts to host sponges is influenced more by host–symbiont identities and P:R ratios than by symbiont abundance.
“The Caterpillar”: A Novel Reading Passage for Assessment of Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Patel Rupal , Connaghan Kathryn , Franco Diana , Edsall Erika , Forgit Dory , Olsen Laura , Ramage Lianna , Tyler Emily , Russell Scott 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
A review of the salient characteristics of motor speech disorders and common assessment protocols revealed the need for a novel reading passage tailored specifically to differentiate between and among the dysarthrias (DYSs) and apraxia of speech (AOS).

Method
“The Caterpillar” passage was designed to provide a contemporary, easily read, contextual speech sample with specific tasks (e.g., prosodic contrasts, words of increasing length and complexity) targeted to inform the assessment of motor speech disorders. Twenty-two adults, 15 with DYS or AOS and 7 healthy controls (HC), were recorded reading “The Caterpillar” passage to demonstrate its utility in examining motor speech performance.

Conclusion
Analysis of performance across a subset of segmental and prosodic variables illustrated that “The Caterpillar” passage showed promise for extracting individual profiles of impairment that could augment current assessment protocols and inform treatment planning in motor speech disorders.
Communicative Gesture Use in Infants With and Without Autism: A Retrospective Home Video Study
Authors: Watson Linda R. , Crais Elizabeth R. , Baranek Grace T. , Dykstra Jessica R. , Wilson Kaitlyn P. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
The authors aimed to compare gesture use in infants with autism with gesture use in infants with other developmental disabilities (DD) or typical development (TD).

Method

Children with autism (
n
= 43), DD (
n
= 30), and TD (
n
= 36) were recruited at ages 2 to 7 years. Parents provided home videotapes of children in infancy. Staff compiled video samples for 2 age intervals (9–12 and 15–18 months) and coded samples for frequency of social interaction (SI), behavior regulation (BR), and joint attention (JA) gestures.

Results
At 9–12 months, infants with autism were less likely to use JA gestures than infants with DD or TD, and less likely to use BR gestures than infants with TD. At 15–18 months, infants with autism were less likely than infants with DD to use SI or JA gestures, and less likely than infants with TD to use BR, SI, or JA gestures. Among infants able to use gestures, infants with autism used fewer BR gestures than those with TD at 9–12 months, and fewer JA gestures than infants with DD or TD at 15–18 months.

Conclusion
Differences in gesture use in infancy have implications for early autism screening, assessment, and intervention.
An Evidence-Based Systematic Review on Communication Treatments for Individuals With Right Hemisphere Brain Damage
Authors: Lehman Blake Margaret , Frymark Tobi , Venedictov Rebecca 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to evaluate and summarize the research evidence related to the treatment of individuals with right hemisphere communication disorders.MethodA comprehensive search of the literature using key words related to right hemisphere brain damage and communication treatment was conducted in 27 databases (e.g., PubMed, CINAHL). On the basis of a set of pre-established clinical questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and search parameters, studies investigating sentence- or discourse-level treatments were identified and evaluated for methodological quality. Data regarding participant, intervention, and outcome variables were reported.ResultsOnly 5 studies were identified, each representing a different sentence- or discourse-level treatment approach and reporting a wide range of prosodic, expressive, receptive, and pragmatic outcomes.ConclusionAlthough the state of the evidence pertaining to right hemisphere communication treatments is at a very preliminary stage, some positive findings were identified to assist speech-language pathologists who are working with individuals with right hemisphere brain damage. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are explored.
Moduli of parabolic connections on curves and the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence
Authors: Inaba Michi-aki 
Published: February 2013

Let

(
C
,

t

)

(C,\mathbf {t})

(

t

=
(

t
1

,
…
,

t
n

)

\mathbf {t}=(t_1,\ldots ,t_n)

) be an

n
n

-pointed smooth projective curve of genus

g
g

and take an element

λ
=
(

λ
j

(
i
)

)
∈

C

n
r

\boldsymbol {\lambda }=(\lambda ^{(i)}_j)\in \mathbf {C}^{nr}

such that

−

∑

i
,
j

λ
j

(
i
)

=
d
∈

Z

-\sum _{i,j}\lambda ^{(i)}_j=d\in \mathbf {Z}

. For a weight

α
\boldsymbol {\alpha }

, let

M
C

α

(

t

,
λ
)

M_C^{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(\mathbf {t},\boldsymbol {\lambda })

be the moduli space of

α
\boldsymbol {\alpha }

-stable

(

t

,
λ
)

(\mathbf {t},\boldsymbol {\lambda })

-parabolic connections on

C
C

and let

R

P
r

(
C
,

t

)

a

RP_r(C,\mathbf {t})_{\mathbf {a}}

be the moduli space of representations of the fundamental group

π
1

(
C
∖
{

t
1

,
…
,

t
n

}
,
∗
)

\pi _1(C\setminus \{t_1,\ldots ,t_n\},*)

with the local monodromy data

a

\mathbf {a}

for a certain

a

∈

C

n
r

\mathbf {a}\in \mathbf {C}^{nr}

. Then we prove that the morphism

R
H

:

M
C

α

(

t

,
λ
)
→
R

P
r

(
C
,

t

)

a

\mathbf {RH}:M_C^{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(\mathbf {t},\boldsymbol {\lambda })\rightarrow RP_r(C,\mathbf {t})_{\mathbf {a}}

determined by the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence is a proper surjective bimeromorphic morphism. As a corollary, we prove the geometric Painlevé property of the isomonodromic deformation defined on the moduli space of parabolic connections.
A dynamic Bayesian Markov model for phasing and characterizing haplotypes in next-generation sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMotivation: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled whole-genome discovery and analysis of genetic variants in many species of interest. Individuals are often sequenced at low coverage for detecting novel variants, phasing haplotypes and inferring population structures. Although several tools have been developed for SNP and genotype calling in NGS data, haplotype phasing is often done separately on the called genotypes.Results: We propose a dynamic Bayesian Markov model (DBM) for simultaneous genotype calling and haplotype phasing in low-coverage NGS data of unrelated individuals. Our method is fully probabilistic that produces consistent inference of genotypes, haplotypes and recombination probabilities. Using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we demonstrate that DBM not only yields more accurate results than some popular methods, but also provides novel characterization of haplotype structures at the individual level for visualization, interpretation and comparison in downstream analysis. DBM is a powerful and flexible tool that can be applied to many sequencing studies. Its statistical framework can also be extended to accommodate broader scopes of data.Availability and implementation: http://stat.psu.edu/∼yuzhang/software/dbm.tarContact: yuzhang@stat.psu.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Early Exposure to General Anesthesia Disturbs Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in the Developing Rat Brain
Authors: Boscolo Annalisa , Milanovic Desanka , Starr John A. , Sanchez Victoria , Oklopcic Azra , Moy Laurie , Ori C Carlo , Erisir Alev , Jevtovic-Todorovic Vesna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
General anesthetics induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mammalian brain. General anesthesia (GA) also causes significant disturbances in mitochondrial morphogenesis during intense synaptogenesis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo remodeling via fusion and fission. The fine balance between these two opposing processes determines mitochondrial morphometric properties, allowing for their regeneration and enabling normal functioning. As mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to anesthesia-induced damage, we examined how GA affects mitochondrial fusion/fission.

Methods:
Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.

Results:
GA causes 30% upregulation of reactive oxygen species (n = 3–5 pups/group), accompanied by a 2-fold downregulation of an important scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase (n = 6 pups/group). Reactive oxygen species upregulation is associated with impaired mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, leading to excessive mitochondrial fission. The imbalance between fission and fusion is due to acute sequestration of the main fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1, from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, and its oligomerization on the outer mitochondrial membrane. These are necessary steps in the formation of the ring-like structures that are required for mitochondrial fission. The fission is further promoted by GA-induced 40% downregulation of cytosolic mitofusin-2, a protein necessary for maintaining the opposing process, mitochondrial fusion (n = 6 pups/group).

Conclusions:
Early exposure to GA causes acute reactive oxygen species upregulation and disturbs the fine balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to excessive fission and disturbed mitochondrial morphogenesis. These effects may play a causal role in GA-induced developmental neuroapoptosis.
Importance of Addressing Anxiety in Youth With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Cunningham Natoshia R. , Lynch‐Jordan Anne , Mezoff Adam G. , Farrell Michael K. , Cohen Mitchell B. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTFunctional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common pediatric disorder associated with impairment in functioning that may persist for the long term. Anxiety is common in youth with FAP, and may be an important factor in predicting youth who are at greatest risk for increased impairment because of pain symptoms. In this article, we examine the relation between anxiety and impairment in youth with FAP. Furthermore, we explore various biopsychosocial factors (eg, neurobiological substrates, coping strategies, social factors) that may be implicated in the relation among FAP, anxiety, and increased impairment. Finally, we propose physician guidelines for screening and treatment of youth with FAP and co‐occurring anxiety. Youth with FAP and co‐occurring anxiety may benefit from cognitive‐behavioral therapy in the context of multidisciplinary care.
Quantifying the cost of thermoregulation: thermal and energetic constraints on growth rates in hatchling lizards
Authors: Brewster Casey L. , Sikes Robert S. , Gifford Matthew E. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe optimality model of thermoregulation predicts that as the cost of thermoregulation increases, thermoregulation effort will decrease.We designed a manipulative experiment to quantify the energetic cost of thermoregulation on growth rates in eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) by comparing growth of hatchling lizards from high‐ and low energetic cost of thermoregulation treatments.We designed treatments to mimic restricted thermal microenvironments (which require lizards to devote more time and energy to maintain preferred body temperatures) and unrestricted thermal micro‐environments (which minimize time and energy needed to maintain body temperature).Lizards maintained similar body temperature between treatments – contradicting predictions of the optimality model of thermoregulation – but grew more slowly in the high‐cost thermoregulation treatment than in the low‐cost thermoregulation treatment.The reduction in growth rates in the high energetic cost thermoregulation treatment was most consistent with animals diverting energy from growth to locomotion for thermoregulation.