bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans HSF‐1 is an essential nuclear protein that forms stress granule‐like structures following heat shock
Authors: Morton Elizabeth A. , Lamitina Todd 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is a conserved regulator of heat shock‐inducible gene expression. Organismal roles for HSF in physiological processes such as development, aging, and immunity have been defined largely through studies of the single Caenorhabditis elegans HSF homolog, hsf‐1. However, the molecular and cell biological properties of hsf‐1 in C. elegans are incompletely understood. We generated animals expressing physiological levels of an HSF‐1::GFP fusion protein and examined its function, localization, and regulation in vivo. HSF‐1::GFP was functional, as measured by its ability to rescue phenotypes associated with two hsf‐1 mutant alleles. Rescue of hsf‐1 development phenotypes was abolished in a DNA‐binding‐deficient mutant, demonstrating that the transcriptional targets of hsf‐1 are critical to its function even in the absence of stress. Under nonstress conditions, HSF‐1::GFP was found primarily in the nucleus. Following heat shock, HSF‐1::GFP rapidly and reversibly redistributed into dynamic, subnuclear structures that share many properties with human nuclear stress granules, including colocalization with markers of active transcription. Rapid formation of HSF‐1 stress granules required HSF‐1 DNA‐binding activity, and the threshold for stress granule formation was altered by growth temperature. HSF‐1 stress granule formation was not induced by inhibition of IGF signaling, a pathway previously suggested to function upstream of hsf‐1. Our findings suggest that development, stress, and aging pathways may regulate HSF‐1 function in distinct ways, and that HSF‐1 nuclear stress granule formation is an evolutionarily conserved aspect of HSF‐1 regulation in vivo.
Real‐world effectiveness of clozapine in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a 2‐year mirror‐image study
Authors: Nielsen Jimmi , Kane John M , Correll Christoph U 
Published: October 2012

Nielsen J, Kane JM, Correll CU. Real‐world effectiveness of clozapine in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a 2‐year mirror‐image study.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 863–869. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objectives:  Clozapine remains the drug of choice for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia but the evidence for its use in severe bipolar disorder (BD) remains sparse.Methods:  A pharmaco‐epidemiologic database study was carried out in Denmark, investigating the effectiveness of clozapine in BD patients (without a schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder), between 1996 and 2007, using a two‐year mirror‐image design.Results:  A total of 21473 patients with a lifetime diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases‐10 (ICD‐10) BD were identified, of which only 326 (1.5%) were treated with clozapine and were included in the mirror‐image analysis. The mean follow‐up time was 544 ± 280 days, the mean clozapine dose was 307.4 mg [95% confidence interval (CI): 287.9–328.2], and 39.3% were male. During clozapine treatment, the mean number of bed‐days decreased from 177.8 (95% CI: 149.4–211.6) to 34.6 (95% CI: 24.8–48.2) (p < 0.001). The mean number of admissions was reduced from 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9–3.7) to 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6–2.4) (p < 0.001). Overall, 240 patients (73.6%) had reduced bed‐days and 130 (39.9%) were not admitted while treated with clozapine. Moreover, the number of psychotropic co‐medications was reduced from 4.5 defined daily doses (DDD) (25–75 percentiles: 2.4–8.2) to 3.9 DDD (25–75 percentiles: 2.4–6.1) (p = 0.045). Somatic hospital visits for intentional self‐harm/overdose reduced significantly from 8.3% to 3.1% (p = 0.004). However, non‐psychotropic co‐medication use for medical conditions did not increase; 0.7 DDD (25–75 percentiles: 0.0–2.9) to 0.8 DDD (25–75 percentiles: 0.1–2.89) (p = 0.3).Conclusions:  Clozapine use for BD was associated with a significant and clinically relevant reduction in the number of bed‐days, psychiatric admissions, psychotropic co‐medications, and hospital contact for self‐harm/overdose, without increased medical treatments. Clozapine seems to be an appropriate choice for treatment‐resistant BD and should be investigated in randomized controlled trials.
Clustering of drinker prototype characteristics: What characterizes the typical drinker?
Authors: van Lettow Britt , Vermunt Jeroen K. , de Vries Hein , Burdorf Alex , van Empelen Pepijn 
Published: October 2012

Prototypes (social images) have been shown to influence behaviour, which is likely to depend on the type of image. Prototype evaluation is based on (un)desirable characteristics related to that image. By an elicitation procedure we examined which adjectives are attributed to specific drinker prototypes. In total 149 young Dutch adults (18–25 years of age) provided adjectives for five drinker prototypes: abstainer, moderate drinker, heavy drinker, tipsy, and drunk person. Twenty‐three unique adjectives were found. Multilevel latent class cluster analysis revealed six adjective clusters, each with unique and minor overlapping adjectives: ‘negative, excessive drinker,’ ‘moderate, responsible drinker,’ ‘funny tipsy drinker,’ ‘determined abstainer cluster,’ ‘uncontrolled excessive drinker,’ and ‘elated tipsy cluster.’ In addition, four respondent classes were identified. Respondent classes showed differences in their focus on specific adjective clusters. Classes could be labelled ‘focus‐on‐control class,’ ‘focus‐on‐hedonism class,’ ‘contrasting‐extremes‐prototypes class,’ and ‘focus‐on‐elation class.’ Respondent classes differed in gender, educational level and drinking behaviour. The results underscore the importance to differentiate between various prototypes and in prototype adjectives among young adults: subgroup differences in prototype salience and relevance are possibly due to differences in adjective labelling. The results provide insights into explaining differences in drinking behaviour and could potentially be used to target and tailor interventions aimed at lowering alcohol consumption among young adults via prototype alteration.
Potential links between the emerging risk factors for food allergy and vitamin D status
Authors: Vuillermin P. J. , Ponsonby A.‐L. , Kemp A. S. , Allen K. J. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the recently described increase in food allergy among children living in developed countries. In this study, we summarize the emerging risk factors for IgE‐mediated food allergy in early life, and then review the evidence for and against an association between low vitamin status (VDS) and food allergy. We consider whether each of the epidemiological variables that have been associated with food allergy may also be associated with VDS; and argue that future studies must adequately account for the potential relationships between risk factors for food allergy and VDS, and must also discriminate between vitamin D derived by sun exposure, diet and oral supplementation.
Warming and drought reduce temperature sensitivity of nitrogen transformations
Authors: Auyeung Dolaporn S. Novem , Suseela Vidya , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractShifts in nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification rates due to global changes can influence nutrient availability, which can affect terrestrial productivity and climate change feedbacks. While many single‐factor studies have examined the effects of environmental changes on N mineralization and nitrification, few have examined these effects in a multifactor context or recorded how these effects vary seasonally. In an old‐field ecosystem in Massachusetts, USA, we investigated the combined effects of four levels of warming (up to 4 °C) and three levels of precipitation (drought, ambient, and wet) on net N mineralization, net nitrification, and potential nitrification. We also examined the treatment effects on the temperature sensitivity of net N mineralization and net nitrification and on the ratio of C mineralization to net N mineralization. During winter, freeze–thaw events, snow depth, and soil freezing depth explained little of the variation in net nitrification and N mineralization rates among treatments. During two years of treatments, warming and altered precipitation rarely influenced the rates of N cycling, and there was no evidence of a seasonal pattern in the responses. In contrast, warming and drought dramatically decreased the apparent Q10 of net N mineralization and net nitrification, and the warming‐induced decrease in apparent Q10 was more pronounced in ambient and wet treatments than the drought treatment. The ratio of C mineralization to net N mineralization varied over time and was sensitive to the interactive effects of warming and altered precipitation. Although many studies have found that warming tends to accelerate N cycling, our results suggest that warming can have little to no effect on N cycling in some ecosystems. Thus, ecosystem models that assume that warming will consistently increase N mineralization rates and inputs of plant‐available N may overestimate the increase in terrestrial productivity and the magnitude of an important negative feedback to climate change.
Does more mean less? The value of information for conservation planning under sea level rise
Authors: Runting Rebecca K. , Wilson Kerrie A. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMany studies have explored the benefits of adopting more sophisticated modelling techniques or spatial data in terms of our ability to accurately predict ecosystem responses to global change. However, we currently know little about whether the improved predictions will actually lead to better conservation outcomes once the costs of gaining improved models or data are accounted for. This severely limits our ability to make strategic decisions for adaptation to global pressures, particularly in landscapes subject to dynamic change such as the coastal zone. In such landscapes, the global phenomenon of sea level rise is a critical consideration for preserving biodiversity.Here, we address this issue in the context of making decisions about where to locate a reserve system to preserve coastal biodiversity with a limited budget. Specifically, we determined the cost‐effectiveness of investing in high‐resolution elevation data and process‐based models for predicting wetland shifts in a coastal region of South East Queensland, Australia. We evaluated the resulting priority areas for reserve selection to quantify the cost‐effectiveness of investment in better quantifying biological and physical processes.We show that, in this case, it is considerably more cost effective to use a process‐based model and high‐resolution elevation data, even if this requires a substantial proportion of the project budget to be expended (up to 99% in one instance). The less accurate model and data set failed to identify areas of high conservation value, reducing the cost‐effectiveness of the resultant conservation plan. This suggests that when developing conservation plans in areas where sea level rise threatens biodiversity, investing in high‐resolution elevation data and process‐based models to predict shifts in coastal ecosystems may be highly cost effective. A future research priority is to determine how this cost‐effectiveness varies among different regions across the globe.
Asymmetric conspecific sperm precedence in relation to spawning times in the Montastraea annularis species complex (Cnidaria: Scleractinia)
Authors: Fogarty N. D. , Lowenberg M. , Ojima M. N. , Knowlton N. , Levitan D. R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn broadcast spawners, prezygotic reproductive isolation depends on differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of gamete release and gametic incompatibility. Typically, gametic incompatibility is measured in no‐choice crosses, but conspecific sperm precedence (CSP) can prevent hybridization in gametes that are compatible in the absence of sperm competition. Broadcast spawning corals in the Montastraea annularis species complex spawn annually on the same few evenings. Montastraea franksi spawns an average of 110 min before M. annularis, with a minimum gap of approximately 40 min. Gametes are compatible in no‐choice heterospecific assays, but it is unknown whether eggs exhibit choice when in competition. Hybridization depends on either M. franksi eggs remaining unfertilized and in proximity to M. annularis when the latter species spawns or M. franksi sperm remaining in sufficient viable concentrations when M. annularis spawns. We found that the eggs of the early spawning M. franksi demonstrate strong CSP, whereas CSP appears to be lacking for M. annularis eggs. This study provides evidence of diverging gamete affinities between these recently separated species and suggests for the first time that selection may favour CSP in earlier spawning species when conspecific sperm is diluted and aged and is otherwise at a numeric and viability disadvantage with heterospecific sperm.
Lower urinary tract symptoms and depression
Authors: Rom Maximilian , Schatzl Georg , Swietek Natalia , Rücklinger Ernst , Kratzik Christian 
Published: October 2012

Study Type – Symptom prevalence (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Depression plays an important role in pathogenesis of BPH. Our study shows that prostatic symptoms can be helpful in the screening for depression.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and depression in men through validated questionnaires.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Healthy male workers (n= 673) were invited to a free health check‐up.
Patients underwent a detailed medical examination.
All participants completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
RESULTS
Under multiple logistic regression analysis (adjusted for total testosterone and age), a significant effect of IPSS on BDI score was observed: mild depression (BDI score >9): odds ratio (OR) 1.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.056–1.129; P < 0.001; moderate‐to‐severe depression (BDI score >19): OR 1.093, 95% CI 1.031–1.159; P= 0.003; and severe depression (BDI score >29): OR 1.176, 95% CI 1.048–1.320; P= 0.006.
CONCLUSIONS
In healthy men, LUTS are significantly associated with depression.
The treatment of LUTS is very important for the mental health of older men.
CageR: Cage‐Based Reverse Engineering of Animated 3D Shapes
Authors: Thiery Jean‐Marc , Tierny Julien , Boubekeur Tamy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present CageR: A novel framework for converting animated 3D shape sequences into compact and stable cage‐based representations. Given a raw animated sequence with one‐to‐one point correspondences together with an initial cage embedding, our algorithm automatically generates smoothly varying cage embeddings which faithfully reconstruct the enclosed object deformation. Our technique is fast, automatic, oblivious to the cage coordinate system, provides controllable error and exploits a GPU implementation. At the core of our method, we introduce a new algebraic algorithm based on maximum volume sub‐matrices (maxvol) to speed up and stabilize the deformation inversion. We also present a new spectral regularization algorithm that can apply arbitrary regularization terms on selected subparts of the inversion spectrum. This step allows to enforce a highly localized cage regularization, guaranteeing its smooth variation along the sequence. We demonstrate the speed, accuracy and robustness of our framework on various synthetic and acquired data sets. The benefits of our approach are illustrated in applications such as animation compression and post‐editing.
Role of vernalization and of duplicated FLOWERING LOCUS C in the perennial Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Kemi Ulla , Niittyvuopio Anne , Toivainen Tuomas , Pasanen Anu , Quilot‐Turion Bénédicte , Holm Karl , Lagercrantz Ulf , Savolainen Outi , Kuittinen Helmi 
Published: October 2012

Summary

FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is one of the main genes influencing the vernalization requirement and natural flowering time variation in the annual Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we studied the effects of vernalization on flowering and its genetic basis in the perennial Arabidopsis lyrata.

Two tandemly duplicated FLC genes (FLC1 and FLC2) were compared with respect to expression and DNA sequence. The effect of vernalization on flowering and on the expression of FLC1 was studied in three European populations. The genetic basis of the FLC1 expression difference between two of the populations was further studied by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping and sequence analysis.

FLC1 was shown to have a likely role in the vernalization requirement for flowering in A. lyrata. Vernalization decreased its expression and the northern study populations showed higher FLC1 expression than the southern one. eQTL mapping between two of the populations revealed one eQTL affecting FLC1 expression in the genomic region containing the FLC genes. Most FLC1 sequence differences between the study populations were found in the promoter region and in the first intron.

Variation in the FLC1 sequence may cause differences in FLC1 expression between late‐ and early‐flowering A. lyrata populations.
From Grave to Cradle
Authors: Valero Alicia , Valero Antonio 
Published: October 2012

SummaryLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a promising tool in the pursuit of sustainable mining. However, the accounting methodologies used in LCA for abiotic resource depletion still have some shortcomings and need to be improved. In this article a new thermodynamic approach is presented for the evaluation of the depletion of nonfuel minerals. The method is based on quantifying the exergy costs required to replace the extracted minerals with current available technologies, from a completely degraded state in what we term “Thanatia” to the conditions currently found in nature. Thanatia is an estimated reference model of a commercial end of the planet, where all resources have been extracted and dispersed, and all fossil fuels have been burned. Mineral deposits constitute an exergy bonus that nature gives us for free by providing minerals in a concentrated state and not dispersed in the crust. The exergy replacement costs provide a measure of the bonus lost through extraction. This approach allows performing an LCA by including a new stage in the analysis: namely the grave to cradle path. The methodology is explained through the case study of nickel depletion.
Unbalanced Scales of Justice: How Ice is Preventing Noncitizens from Having Equal Access to Diversion Programs and Therapeutic Courts
Authors: Elizabeth Dill Sara 
Published: October 2012

This article examines the evolution of the criminal justice system to focus on rehabilitation, deterrence, and punishment through the creation of therapeutic courts and diversion programs that benefit society and decrease recidivism rates. However, unknown to many, these programs are unavailable to an overwhelming majority of noncitizens due to pretrial detention solely as a result of an immigration detainer, resulting in an inequity with a high personal cost to the individual, his or her family and community, and society as a whole. This article will discuss the harsh immigration penalties associated with criminal convictions or other lesser contacts with the criminal justice system as well as provide recommendations for diversion programs and therapeutic courts so that participation does not create severe collateral consequences, as it often does with noncitizen defendants. By allowing all eligible defendants equal access to therapeutic courts and diversion programs, our system will also have a positive impact on children and families. Not only will defendants receive treatment and skills necessary for reentry to the community, but they will remain in the United States with their families.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
The immigration penalties of criminal convictions (or even arrests) have become so severe that deportation has become the norm, rather than the exception
Diversion programs and therapeutic courts provide rehabilitation and treatment and often do not result in immigration penalties, yet are frequently unavailable to noncitizens solely due to immigration issues
Family ties no longer provide relief in a majority of cases where an alien has criminal issues, thus creating a system where immigration interferes with issues of custody, child support, and marriage

Practitioner's Key Points:
Provide attorneys with a background in the issues facing noncitizens in the criminal justice system, including the harsh immigration penalties that result from a conviction
Explain the importance and benefits of therapeutic courts and diversion programs
Discuss the inequities in access to justice that result when noncitizens are facing criminal charges but have an immigration detainer, preventing admission into therapeutic courts or diversion programs
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Polytetrafluoroethylene Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Cases
Authors: Ren Junhong , Han Xiujie , Liu Hang , Chen Xiuhua , Ma Na , Tan Qingting 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts are used for hemodialysis vascular access. Because their longevity is less than that of autologous fistulae, close surveillance is necessary to reduce the incidence of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Doppler sonography for the surveillance of PTFE graft hemodialysis access. Thirty‐one patients with renal failure who had dialysis access created with a PTFE graft were included in this study. The patient records along with ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed. Two‐dimensional ultrasonography clearly revealed the U‐shape of the subcutaneous PTFE graft, and autologous artery and superficial vein connecting with the graft. There was no ultrasound echo inside the graft, but the wall was a continuous line‐like hyperechoic structure. Blood flow in the graft and hemodynamic parameters could be determined with color Doppler ultrasonography. Ultrasound examination diagnosed graft thromboses in six patients, pseudoaneurysm in two, seroma in one, and subcutaneous edema in three patients. Ultrasonography is useful for the monitoring and diagnosis of complications of PTFE dialysis access grafts.