bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Matching Language to Type of Evidence: Avoiding the Pitfalls of Reporting Outcomes Data
Authors: Kohli Payal , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResults from different types of clinical research studies provide different types of evidence for evaluating the effects of a new drug or intervention. For this reason, it is important to recognize this phenomenon during reporting and to choose appropriate language to match the type of study that was done, because this can become critical to the interpretation and application of the results in clinical practice. In this article, we aim to highlight this issue through a series of examples and provide some guidance on what the appropriate language for different types of studies should be.This editorial review was cowritten and developed as an expanded background piece to accompany the statement by the HEART Group journal editors, which is being published simultaneously with this article.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Impact of Systolic Dysfunction in Genotyped Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fujino Noboru , Konno Tetsuo , Hayashi Kenshi , Hodatsu Akihiko , Fujita Takashi , Tsuda Toyonobu , Nagata Yoji , Kawashiri Masa‐aki , Ino Hidekazu , Yamagishi Masakazu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of the sarcomere, and approximately 5% of cases of HCM show systolic dysfunction with poor prognosis. Few data exist regarding the systolic dysfunction in a large population of genotyped HCM subjects.Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to assess the systolic dysfunction and prognosis in sarcomere gene mutation carriers.Methods:The study included 157 sarcomere gene mutation carriers from 69 unrelated HCM families (87 males; mean age, 46.5 ± 20.5 years). After exclusions for systolic dysfunction at baseline, 107 subjects underwent serial echocardiograms.Results:At a mean follow‐up of 7.0 years, 12 subjects experienced systolic dysfunction. In multivariate Cox analysis, systolic dysfunction was related to age and ejection fraction at initial evaluation (P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively), and was associated with the absence of mutations in the cardiac myosin‐binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) (P = 0.042). When the subjects were divided into MYBPC3 and non‐MYBPC3 mutation carriers, and time from birth to development of systolic dysfunction was compared, the rate of systolic dysfunction was higher in the non‐MYBPC3 group than in MYBPC3 group (Kaplan‐Meier, log‐rank test, P = 0.010). After the onset of systolic dysfunction, 11 of 12 subjects died during a mean follow‐up of 8.3 years.Conclusions:Non‐MYBPC3 mutation carriers developed left ventricular systolic dysfunction more frequently than MYBPC3 mutation carriers, and the majority of sarcomere gene mutation carriers with systolic dysfunction had fatal outcomes during follow‐up. This suggests that subjects with mutations in sarcomeric genes require careful management for systolic dysfunction.This work was supported in part by a Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (KAKENHI 16790414, 19590807, 22590808, Tokyo, Japan), and the Research Grant for Cardiovascular Diseases (20C‐4) from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan).The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Assessment of Urban Source Metal Levels in Influent, Effluent, and Sludge of Two Municipal Biological Nutrient Removal Wastewater Treatment Plants of Bursa, an Industrial City in Turkey
Authors: Salihoglu Nezih Kamil 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRemoval of Al, As, Cd, total Cr (Tot. Cr), Cu, Total Fe (Tot. Fe), Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn from urban effluent by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operated under five‐stage Bardenpho® process were investigated and water soluble metals in the dewatered sludge were quantified. Samples were collected from two WWTPs on a weekly basis over an approximately 2.5‐year time span. Tot. Fe and Al were the most abundant, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cd were the least abundant metals in the influents of both WWTPs. Removal efficiencies above 75% were achieved for Tot. Cr, Tot. Fe, Al, and Cu, whereas, no significant removal was observed for As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Sn. Removal of Tot. Cr, Cu, Tot. Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Ni were influenced by influent suspended solids concentrations, and of Tot. Cr, Zn, and Cd were influenced by their initial content in the influent. Zn removal efficiency of biological nutrient removal (BNR) system in this study was higher and Cd removal efficiency was lower than that of conventional activated sludge reported in the literature. No remarkable difference for metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was observed between the removal efficiencies of conventional system and BNR system.
A review of reporting systems and terminology for urine cytology
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Burroughs Frances H. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUrine cytology continues to play an important role in the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma, a common cancer of adults with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of its high sensitivity for high‐grade urothelial tumors, including lesions that may be cystoscopically occult, urine cytology nicely compliments cystoscopic examination, a method that detects most low‐grade tumors. Over the decades, several reporting schemes for urine cytology have been published in the literature, each of which has relative strengths and weaknesses. Unlike cervical cytology, there has not been widespread acceptance and use of any particular reporting scheme for urine cytology studies. Thus, terminology and criteria for urine cytology reporting are not uniform among pathologists, which can frustrate clinicians and hinders interlaboratory comparisons. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:9–14 © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Use of quantitative habitat models for establishing performance metrics in river restoration planning
Authors: Parasiewicz Piotr , Ryan Kathleen , Vezza Paolo , Comoglio Claudio , Ballestero Thomas , Rogers Joseph N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe ecological effectiveness and success of river restoration strongly depend on the resources invested in planning. Unfortunately, this trend of restoration engineering is frequently compromised by the application of qualitative assessment and resource intensive adaptive management processes. Habitat simulation models are effective tools for selecting ecologically effective restoration measures as part of the Environmental Benefits Analysis. Through the support from a mesohabitat simulation model, we identified three habitat metrics: (1) Habitat Quantity Deficiency; (2) Alteration of Habitat Structure; and (3) Habitat Stress Days Alteration to quantify and visualize differences between restoration options in Restoration Alternatives Assessment diagram. This concept of quantifying habitat models is supported by an example of application in the Wekepeke Brook in Massachusetts, in which the habitat metrics were used to define quantitative benchmarks, goals and targets to guide the restoration process from the design to the evaluation phase. The three habitat metrics are a cost effective alternative for evaluating the ecological benefits of a planned action. The methodology contributes to a high potential for designing and monitoring restoration projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization and melting properties of extra virgin olive oil studied by synchrotron XRD and DSC
Authors: Barba Luisa , Arrighetti Gianmichele , Calligaris Sonia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCrystallization and melting properties of triacylglycerols in extra virgin olive oil were studied by using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase transitions were monitored by cooling and heating the samples at 2°C/min from 60 to −60°C and vice versa. Upon cooling, a first DSC endothermic peak was recorded at −9.6°C followed by one at −33.5°C. These thermal events were associated to the formation of two different structures: a triple‐chain length (3L) having a c parameter of about 58.38 Å and a quadruple chain length structure (4L) with a c parameter of about 89.99 Å, respectively. Both structures evidenced a cell packing arrangement ascribable to a β′ form. During heating, part of the metastable β′ crystals rearranged into the more thermodynamically stable β form. Then, upon further heating, the sequential melting of the two crystal structures was observed. The melting was completed at 10.7°C. Beside this interpretation of XRD data, a model considering a cell with a c parameter of about 170 Å and a hexagonal crystal system was proposed. Even if more research is needed to validate this approach, it allowed all XRD events recorded during the experiments to be described.See commentary by Chiavaro [p. 267–269], http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200415
Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (R)‐Lasiodiplodin Methyl Ether through a Sulfatase‐Based Deracemization Process
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Toesch Michael , Schober Markus , Wuensch Christiane , Faber Kurt 
Published: November 2012

Abstract(R)‐Lasiodiplodin methyl ether, a precursor of the antileukemic agent lasiodiplodin, was synthesized through a seven‐step linear sequence. Chirality was introduced through a sulfatase‐based deracemization process, in which a functionalized (rac)‐sec‐sulfate ester was enzymatically hydrolyzed with inversion of the stereocenter using an alkyl sulfatase. The remaining sulfate ester enantiomer was hydrolyzed with retention of configuration under acidic conditions, yielding the chiral key building block as the sole product in 93 % ee The total synthesis was completed through Negishi cross‐coupling and ring‐closing metathesis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Fluorinated Alkenes and Arenes via a Palladium Fluoride Key Intermediate
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Saijo Hiroki , Shibata Mitsutoshi , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new strategy for C–C bond formation with organoboronates through C–F activation of fluorinated alkenes and arenes was developed. In this Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura‐type cross‐coupling reaction, neither a base for enhancing the reactivity of the organoboron reagents nor a Lewis acid for promoting C–F bond activation was required. A fluoropalladium intermediate played an essential role in this reaction. In addition, a Ni(NHC) catalyst was efficient for C–C coupling through C–F bond activation of fluoroarenes.
Evaluation of gene expression changes in human primary uroepithelial cells following 24‐Hr exposures to inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites
Authors: Yager Janice W. , Gentry P. Robinan , Thomas Russell S. , Pluta Linda , Efremenko Alina , Black Michael , Arnold Lora L. , McKim James M. , Wilga Paul , Gill Gary , Choe Key‐Young , Clewell Harvey J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGene expression changes in primary human uroepithelial cells exposed to arsenite and its methylated metabolites were evaluated to identify cell signaling pathway perturbations potentially associated with bladder carcinogenicity. Cells were treated with mixtures of inorganic arsenic and its pentavalent or trivalent metabolites for 24 hr at total arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.06 μM to 18 μM. One series (five samples) was conducted with arsenite and pentavalent metabolites and a second (10 samples) with arsenite and trivalent metabolites. Similar gene expression responses were obtained for pentavalent or trivalent metabolites. A suite of eight gene changes was consistently identified across individuals that reflect effects on key signaling pathways: oxidative stress, protein folding, growth regulation, metallothionine regulation, DNA damage sensing, thioredoxin regulation, and immune response. No statistical significance of trend (NOSTASOT) analysis of these common genes identified lowest observed effect levels (LOELs) from 0.6 to 6.0 μM total arsenic and no observed effect levels (NOELs) from 0.18 to 1.8 μM total arsenic. For the trivalent arsenical mixture, benchmark doses (BMDs) ranged from 0.13 to 0.92 μM total arsenic; benchmark dose lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs) ranged from 0.09 to 0.58 μM total arsenic. BMDs ranged from 0.53 to 2.7 μM and BMDLs from 0.35 to 1.7 μM for the pentavalent arsenical mixture. Both endpoints varied by a factor of 3 across individuals. Thisstudy is the first to examine gene expression response in primary uroepithelial cells from multiple individuals and to identify no effect levels for arsenical‐induced cell signaling perturbations in normal human cells exposed to a biologically plausible concentration range. © Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Performance by Applying IrCo/C Nanoparticles as an Anode Catalyst for PEMFC
Authors: Yang D. , Li B. , Zhang H. , Ma J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIrCo bimetallic anode catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have been synthesized with a modified ethylene glycol method. X‐ray diffraction, TEM, CV, and linear sweep voltammetry results show that after the modification of Co, Ir nanoparticles supported on carbon exhibit high activity for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The maximum power density of 610.5 mW cm–2 of a 50 cm2 single cell is achieved using 20%Ir–30%Co/C catalyst as the anode, with a loading of 0.2  mgIr cm–2. It is suggested that IrCo/C proposed in this work may be used as anode catalyst of PEMFC.
Toward Fully‐ and Semi‐passive Operation of a Liquid‐Fed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Yuan W. , Tang Y. , Yang X. , Wan Z. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work reports the performance characteristics of a liquid‐fed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operated in both fully‐ and semi‐passive conditions. For the latter case, a blower is used to provide forced air convection at the cathode so as to reveal how and how much a passive DMFC suffers from its structural constraint and also the mass and heat transfer limitations. The results based on the fully passive operation suggest that the cell performance is greatly affected by the level of methanol concentration. In this study, 2 M performs the best when the cell uses different structural setups. Besides, the effects of ambient temperature and the cathode self‐heating mechanisms are also explored under a fully passive condition. For the semi‐passive operation, forced air convection is proved to be helpful in enhancing oxygen delivery but may lead to faster heat and water dissipation and thus significantly reduces the cell performance. An optimal blowing intensity is obtained when the blower operates at a half speed. When the cathode diffusion layer is removed, the effects of active air supply become weakened. Considering the limited performance improvement and parasitic losses caused by a blower, we believe the self‐breathing mode is still an attractive choice.
ACCOUNTING FOR PRODUCT SUBSTITUTION IN THE ANALYSIS OF FOOD TAXES TARGETING OBESITY
Authors: Miao Zhen , Beghin John C. , Jensen Helen H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. We systematically incorporate the implicit substitution between added sugars and solid fats into a comprehensive food demand system and evaluate the effect of taxes on sugars and fats. The approach conditions how food and obesity taxes affect total calorie intake. The proposed methodology accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low‐fat and low‐sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. We calibrate this demand system approach using recent food intake data and existing estimates of price and income elasticities of demand. The demand system accounts for both the within‐food group substitution and the substitution across these groups. Simulations of taxes on added sugars and solid fat show that the tax impact on consumption patterns is understated and the induced welfare loss is overstated when not allowing for the substitution possibilities within food groups. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DAG‐sensitive and Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels are expressed in dentate granule cells and interneurons in the hippocampal formation
Authors: Nagy Gergő A. , Botond Gergő , Borhegyi Zsolt , Plummer Nicholas W. , Freund Tamás F. , Hájos Norbert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMembers of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family play important roles in several neuronal functions. To understand the precise role of these channels in information processing, their presence on neuronal elements must be revealed. In this study, we investigated the localization of TRPC6 channels in the adult hippocampal formation. Immunostainings with a specific antibody, which was validated in Trpc6 knockout mice, showed that in the dentate gyrus, TRPC6 channels are strongly expressed in granule cells. Immunogold staining revealing the subcellular localization of TRPC6 channels clarified that these proteins were predominantly present on the membrane surface of the dendritic shafts of dentate granule cells, and also in their axons, often associated with intracellular membrane cisternae. In addition, TRPC6 channels could be observed in the dendrites of some interneurons. Double immunofluorescent staining showed that TRPC6 channels were present in the dendrites of hilar interneurons and hippocampal interneurons with horizontal dendrites in the stratum oriens expressing mGlu1a receptors, whereas parvalbumin immunoreactivity was revealed in TRPC6‐expressing dendrites with radial appearance in the stratum radiatum. Electron microscopy showed that the immunogold particles depicting TRPC6 channels were located on the surface membranes of the interneuron dendrites. Our results suggest that TRPC6 channels are in a key position to alter the information entry into the trisynaptic loop of the hippocampal formation from the entorhinal cortex, and to control the function of both feed‐forward and feed‐back inhibitory circuits in this brain region. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resonance Raman based skin carotenoid measurements in newborns and infants
Authors: Ermakov Igor V. , Ermakova Maia R. , Bernstein Paul S. , Chan Gary M. , Gellermann Werner 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe describe Resonance Raman based skin carotenoid measurements in newborns and infants. Skin‐ and serum carotenoid levels correlate with high statistical significance in healthy newborns and infants, and with reduced accuracy also in prematurely born infants, who in general feature very low carotenoid levels and thin transparent skin giving rise to large background absorption effects. Skin carotenoid levels can be easily compared among subjects and/or tracked in longitudinal studies with the highly molecule‐specific Raman method. It therefore holds promise as a rapid, non‐invasive, carotenoid antioxidant assessment method for newborns and infants in the field of pediatrics. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The heterogeneity in femoral neck structure and strength
Authors: Kersh Mariana E , Pandy Marcus G , Bui Quang M , Jones Anthony C , Arns Christoph H , Knackstedt Mark A , Seeman Ego , Zebaze Roger MD 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Most measures of femoral neck strength derived using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography (CT) assume the femoral neck is a cylinder with a single cortical thickness. We hypothesized that these simplifications introduce errors in estimating strength and that detailed analyses will identify new parameters that more accurately predict femoral neck strength. High-resolution CT data were used to evaluate 457 cross-sectional slices along the femoral neck of 12 postmortem specimens. Cortical morphology was measured in each cross-section. The distribution of cortical thicknesses was evaluated to determine whether the mean or median better estimated central tendency. Finite-element models were used to calculate the stresses in each cross-section resulting from the peak hip joint forces created during a sideways fall. The relationship between cortical morphology and peak bone stress along the femoral neck was analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. In all cross-sections, cortical thicknesses were non-normally distributed and skewed toward smaller thicknesses (p &lt; 0.0001). The central tendency of cortical thickness was best estimated by the median, not the mean. Stress increased as the median cortical thickness decreased along the femoral neck. The median, not mean, cortical thickness combined with anterior-posterior diameter best predicted peak bone stress generated during a sideways fall (R2 = 0.66, p &lt; 0.001). Heterogeneity in the structure of the femoral neck determines the diversity of its strength. The median cortical thickness best predicted peak femoral neck stress and is likely to be a relevant predictor of femoral neck fragility. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Depletion of β‐arrestin2 in hepatic stellate cells reduces cell proliferation via ERK pathway
Authors: Sun Wu‐Yi , Song Yang , Hu Shan‐Shan , Wang Qing‐Tong , Wu Hua‐Xun , Chen Jing‐Yu , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2012

Abstractβ‐Arrestins are multifunctional adaptor proteins. Recently, some new roles of β‐arrestins in regulating intracellular signaling networks have been discovered, which regulate cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Though, the role of β‐arrestins expression in the pathology of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, the possible relationship between the expression of β‐arrestins with the experimental hepatic fibrosis and the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated. Porcine serum induced liver fibrosis was established in this study. At five time points, the dynamic expression of β‐arrestin1, β‐arrestin2, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in rat liver tissues, was measured by immunohistochemical staining, double immunofluorescent staining, and Western blotting. This study showed that aggravation of hepatic fibrosis with gradually increasing expression of β‐arrestin2 in the hepatic tissues, but not β‐arrestin1. Further, as hepatic fibrosis worsens, β‐arrestin2‐expressing activated HSCs accounts for an increasingly larger percentage of all activated HSCs. And the expression of β‐arrestin2 had a significant positive correlation with the expression of α‐SMA, an activated HSCs marker. In vitro studies, the dynamic expression of β‐arrestin1 and β‐arrestin2 in platelet derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) stimulated HSCs was assessed by Western blotting. The expression of β‐arrestin2 was remarkably increased in PDGF‐BB stimulated HSCs. Furthermore, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to explore the effect of β‐arrestins on the proliferation of HSCs and the activation of ERK1/2. Transfection of siRNA targeting β‐arrestin2 mRNA (siβ‐arrestin2) into HSCs led to a 68% and 70% reduction of β‐arrestin2 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. siβ‐arrestin2 abolished the effect of PDGF‐BB on the proliferation of HSCs. In addition, siβ‐arrestin2 exerted the inhibition of the activation of ERK1/2 in HSCs. The present study provided strong evidence for the participation of the β‐arrestin2 in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. The β‐arrestin2 depletion diminishes HSCs ERK1/2 signaling and proliferation stimulated by PDGF‐BB. Selective targeting of β‐arrestin2 inhibitors to HSCs might present as a novel strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1153–1162, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.