bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of a 5‐Hole 4.5 mm Locking Compression Plate and 5‐Hole 4.5 mm Dynamic Compression Plate for Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Seo Jong‐pil , Yamaga Takashi , Tsuzuki Nao , Yamada Kazutaka , Haneda Shingo , Furuoka Hidehumi , Sasaki Naoki 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the biomechanical properties of a 5‐hole 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate (LCP) and 5‐hole 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (DCP) for equine proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis.Study DesignExperimental mechanical study.AnimalsCadaveric adult equine forelimbs (n = 6 pair).MethodsFor each forelimb pair, 1 PIP joint was stabilized with LCP and the contralateral PIP joint with DCP. The 6 construct pairs were tested using a single‐cycle, 3‐point dorsopalmar bending system. PIP joints were evaluated with pre‐ and post‐test radiography.ResultsThe LCP technique had significantly greater yield load, failure load, and stiffness under single‐cycle, 3‐point dorsopalmar bending to failure than the DCP technique. There was no significant difference between the 2 constructs for displacement at yield and failure point.ConclusionsBiomechanically, the LCP technique provided significantly greater stability than the DCP technique under the test condition.
Effect of an Intervertebral Disk Spacer on Stiffness After Monocortical Screw/Polymethylmethacrylate Fixation in Simulated and Cadaveric Canine Cervical Vertebral Columns
Authors: Hettlich Bianca F. , Allen Matthew J. , Glucksman Gabriela S. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the biomechanical effect of an intervertebral spacer on construct stiffness in a PVC model and cadaveric canine cervical vertebral columns stabilized with monocortical screws/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).Study DesignBiomechanical study.Sample PopulationPVC pipe; cadaveric canine vertebral columns.MethodsPVC model—PVC pipe was used to create a gap model mimicking vertebral endplate orientation and disk space width of large‐breed canine cervical vertebrae; 6 models had a 4‐mm gap with no spacer (PVC group 1); 6 had a PVC pipe ring spacer filling the gap (PCV group 2). Animals—large breed cadaveric canine cervical vertebral columns (C2–C7) from skeletally mature dogs without (cadaveric group 1, n = 6, historical data) and with an intervertebral disk spacer (cadaveric group 2, n = 6) were used. All PVC models and cadaver specimens were instrumented with monocortical titanium screws/PMMA. Stiffness of the 2 PVC groups was compared in extension, flexion, and lateral bending using non‐destructive 4‐point bend testing. Stiffness testing in all 3 directions was performed of the unaltered C4–C5 vertebral motion unit in cadaveric spines and repeated after placement of an intervertebral cortical allograft ring and instrumentation. Data were compared using a linear mixed model approach that also incorporated data from previously tested spines with the same screw/PMMA construct but without disk spacer (cadaveric group 1).ResultsAddition of a spacer increased construct stiffness in both the PVC model (P < .001) and cadaveric vertebral columns (P < .001) compared to fixation without a spacer.ConclusionsAddition of an intervertebral spacer significantly increased construct stiffness of monocortical screw/PMMA fixation.
Effect of endurance training on retinol‐binding protein 4 gene expression and its protein level in adipose tissue and the liver in diabetic rats induced by a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin
Authors: Mansouri Masoume , Nikooie Rohollah , Keshtkar Abasali , Larijani Bagher , Omidfar Kobra 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study was designed to investigate from which tissues the decrease in retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression could contribute to the improvement of serum RBP4 and insulin resistance (IR) after endurance training.Materials and MethodsMale 7‐week‐old Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups including control (C), trained (T), diabetic control (DC) and trained diabetic (TD). At 8 weeks‐of‐age, diabetes was induced by a high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg). Rats in the T and TD groups carried out a 7‐week exercise program on a motorized treadmill (15–20 m/min for 20 min/day for 5 weeks), whereas the C and DC remained sedentary in their cages. Tissues gene expression and protein levels of RBP4 were assessed by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively, while serum RBP4 was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsExercise significantly improved IR and reduced serum concentration of RBP4 in the TD group. This reduction of serum RBP4 was accompanied by decreased RBP4 protein expression in visceral fat tissue. In contrast, exercise had no significant effect on RBP4 expression in liver and subcutaneous fat tissue in the TD group. Exercise also significantly decreased RBP4 gene expression in visceral fat tissue and muscle, whereas the effect of exercise on liver RBP4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression was not significant.ConclusionsThe present study showed that the mechanism for RBP4 reducing the effect of endurance training could involve decreased RBP4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and its protein level in adipose tissue in STZ‐induced diabetic rats.
Polyandrous females produce sons that are successful at post‐copulatory competition
Authors: Klemme I. , Bäumer J. , Eccard J. A. , Ylönen H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSome of the genetic benefit hypotheses put forward to explain multiple male mating (polyandry) predict that sons of polyandrous females will have an increased competitive ability under precopulatory or post‐copulatory competition via paternally inherited traits, such as attractiveness or fertilization efficiency. Here, we tested these predictions by comparing the competitive ability of sons of experimentally monandrous and polyandrous female bank voles (Myodes glareolus), while controlling for potential material and maternal effects. In female choice experiments, we found no clear preference for sons of either monandrous or polyandrous mothers. Moreover, neither male type was dominant over the other, indicating no advantage in precopulatory male contest competition. However, in competitive matings, sons of polyandrous mothers significantly increased their mating efforts (mating duration, intromission number). In line with this, paternity success was biased towards sons of polyandrous mothers. Because there was no evidence for maternal effects, our results suggest that female bank voles gain genetic benefits from polyandry.
The experience of the endoscopist increases detection rates of smaller size and higher histological grade polyps
Authors: Solís‐Muñoz Pablo , Solís‐Herruzo José A , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Sarbelio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAdenoma and polyp detection rates (ADR and PDR, respectively) are important indicators of endoscopy quality, particularly in colorectal carcinoma screening.ObjectiveTo assess the influence of the endoscopist's experience on the ADR and PDR.Patients and MethodsIn this study, 9635 colonoscopies were screened during a 5‐year period. Only 5738 were finally analyzed due to exclusion criteria. The endoscopists were separated in three groups of experience according to the number of colonoscopies performed in the past (yearly and total). The number of polyps and adenomas, as well as the size and histology of these polyps were recorded.ResultsThe ADR and PDR were similar regardless of the experience of the endoscopist, but those with more experience clearly found more polyps of less than 10 mm (P = 0.01) and of less than 3 mm (P < 0.0001). Most of the differences were due to a higher number of flat polyps detected by the experienced group. This study also shows that more experienced endoscopists detect adenomas with more advanced histology (P < 0.0001).ConclusionEven though the ADR and PDR are similar in all groups of endoscopists, the less experienced endoscopists could be missing some of the smaller polyps, sometimes with more advanced histology.
Randomized controlled trial of monthly versus biweekly endoscopic variceal ligation for the prevention of esophageal variceal rebleeding
Authors: Wang Huay‐Min , Lo Gin‐Ho , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chan Hoi‐Hung , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Yu Hsien‐Chung , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Hsu Ping‐I 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is effective in preventing esophageal variceal rebleeding. However, the optimal EVL interval remains unclear.AimTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of EVL using two intersession intervals.MethodsFrom January 2009 to October 2012, 214 patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding were screened. Emergency ligation was performed for patients with acute variceal bleeding. After achieving hemodynamic stability, eligible patients (n = 70) were randomized to either the monthly group or the biweekly group.ResultsMedian time from randomization to variceal obliteration was 2.7 months in the monthly group and 1.7 months in the biweekly group, at a mean of 2.3 ± 2.0 and 3.0 ± 1.8 sessions, respectively. After a median follow up of 23 months, six patients (17%) in the monthly group and nine patients (26%) in the biweekly group developed upper gastrointestinal rebleeding (P = 0.382). Esophageal variceal rebleeding occurred in six patients (17%) in the monthly group and in seven patients (20%) in the biweekly group (P = 0.759). No rebleeding from EVL ulcers occurred in the monthly group and was 5.7% (n = 2) for the biweekly group. Both treatment groups had similar rates of esophageal variceal recurrence and mortality. Notably, the incidence of post‐EVL ulcers in the monthly group was lower than that in the biweekly group (11% vs 57%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients receiving EVL monthly had similar rebleeding rate, variceal recurrence, and mortality to those receiving EVL biweekly for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding; however, the monthly interval was associated with fewer post‐EVL ulcers found at follow‐up endoscopies.
Interleukin‐28B rs12979860 C allele: Protective against advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection
Authors: Kitson Matthew T , George Jacob , Dore Gregory J , Leung Reynold , Button Peter , McCaughan Geoffrey W , Crawford Darrell H G , Sievert William , Weltman Martin D , Cheng Wendy S C , Roberts Stuart K ,   CHARIOT Study Group
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimWhile genetic polymorphisms upstream of the interleukin‐28B (IL28B) gene are associated with necroinflammatory activity grade in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV‐1) infection, any association with fibrosis is less definitive. Pretreatment liver biopsies in a cohort of treatment‐naïve patients with HCV‐1 were analyzed to evaluate associations between liver histology, and the rs12979860 and rs8099917 IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐six patients with HCV‐1 infection and pretreatment liver biopsy were tested for the rs12979860 and rs8099917 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Predictors of advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3/4) and high activity grade (A2/3) were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsForty‐four patients (16.5%) had advanced fibrosis and 141 patients (53.0%) high activity grade. Prevalence of rs12979860 IL28B genotype was: CC 45.7%, CT 42.7%, and TT 11.6%. Prevalence of advanced fibrosis was lower in those with IL28B CC genotype compared with those without (11.0% vs 21.3%; P = 0.03), with an increasing number of T alleles associated with a higher frequency of advanced fibrosis: CC 11.0%, CT 18.0%, TT 33.3% (P = 0.01). Predictors of advanced fibrosis on multivariate analysis were platelet count (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–0.99; P < 0.0001), high activity grade (OR 5.68, 95% CI% 1.86–17.32; P = 0.002), IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.93; P = 0.03), and aspartate aminotransferase (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03; P = 0.046). No association was found between rs8099917 IL28B genotype and liver histology.ConclusionsIL28B rs12979860 CC genotype appears to be independently associated with a lower prevalence of advanced fibrosis stage in HCV‐1 infection. This association warrants further evaluation.
Cystic fibrosis: An update for clinicians. Part 1: Nutrition and gastrointestinal complications
Authors: Haller Wolfram , Ledder Oren , Lewindon Peter J , Couper Richard , Gaskin Kevin J , Oliver Mark 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDuring three decades, the demographics of cystic fibrosis (CF) has undergone a significant change. Advances in nutritional and pulmonary management allow the vast majority of patients reaching adulthood today. With increasing survival, new and previously less common aspects of CF are encountered by the clinician expanding the concept of CF as a multisystem disease. The first part of this two‐part review will focus on the nutritional and gastrointestinal aspects of the CF phenotype and outline core principles of diagnosis and care.
Different roles for p16INK4a‐Rb pathway and INK4a/ARF methylation between adenocarcinomas of gastric cardia and distal stomach
Authors: Xue Liying , Ouyang Qin , Li Jie , Meng Xinxing , Li Yuehong , Xing Lingxiao , Wang Junling , Yan Xia , Zhang Xianghong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence of distal gastric adenocarcinoma has significantly decreased, but gastric cardia adenocarcinoma has been on the rise. Cardia adenocarcinoma might be a specific entity distinct from the carcinoma of the rest stomach. The aim was to explore putative differences in p16INK4a‐retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway and INK4a/ARF methylation between gastric cardia and distal adenocarcinomas.MethodsNinety‐six cardia adenocarcinomas and 79 distal samples were analyzed for comparing p16INK4a‐Rb expressions, INK4a/ARF deletion, and methylation using immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe expression of p16INK4a in cardia adenocarcinoma (43.2%) was significantly lower than in distal cases (75.0%, P < 0.05). As well, cardia adenocarcinoma showed lower expression of p14ARF compared with distal cases (34.1% vs 57.5%, P < 0.05). The incidence of p16INK4a deletion was 20.5% and 15.0%, while p14ARF deletion was 18.2% and 10.0% in cardia and distal adenocarcinomas, respectively, showing no significant differences between two entities. However, the incidences of p14ARF and p16INK4a methylation in cardia adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than in distal samples (p14ARF: 61.5% vs 43.6%; p16INK4a: 73.1% vs 51.3%, P < 0.05). INK4a/ARF methylations were more prevalent in poorly differentiated cardia carcinoma compared with poorly differentiated distal cases.ConclusionsThere were differences in p16INK4a‐Rb immunotypes and INK4a/ARF methylation between two entities, indicating that cardia adenocarcinoma may be different in cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene biomarkers compared with distal gastric adenocarcinoma.
Comorbidity Burden and Guideline‐Concordant Care for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kimmick Gretchen , Fleming Steven T. , Sabatino Susan A. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Hwang Wenke , Wilson J. Frank , Lund Mary Jo , Cress Rosemary , Anderson Roger T. ,   The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registry Patterns of Care Study Group
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between level and type of comorbidity and guideline‐concordant care for early‐stage breast cancer.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingNational Program of Cancer Registry (NPCR) Breast and Prostate Cancer Patterns of Care study, which re‐abstracted medical records from 2004 in seven cancer registries.ParticipantsIndividuals with stage 0–III breast cancer.MeasurementsMulticomponent guideline‐concordant management was modeled based on tumor size, node status, and hormone receptor status, according to consensus guidelines. Comorbid conditions and severity were measured using the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation Index (ACE‐27). Multivariate logistic regression models determined factors associated with guideline‐concordant care and included overall ACE‐27 scores and 26 separate ACE comorbidity categories, age, race, stage, and source of payment.ResultsThe study sample included 6,439 women (mean age 58.7, range 20–99; 76% white; 44% with no comorbidity; 70% estrogen‐ or progesterone‐receptor positive, or both; 31% human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive). Care was guideline concordant in 60%. Guideline concordance varied according to overall comorbidity burden (70% for none; 61% for minor; 58% for moderate, 43% for severe; P < .05). In multivariate analysis, the presence of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.30) predicted guideline concordance, whereas dementia (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24–0.82) predicted lack of guideline concordance. Older age (≥50) and black race were associated with less guideline concordance, regardless of comorbidity level.ConclusionWhen reporting survival outcomes in individuals with breast cancer with comorbidity, adherence to care guidelines should be among the covariates.
‘Health and happiness is more important than weight’: a qualitative investigation of the views of parents receiving written feedback on their child's weight as part of the National Child Measurement Programme
Authors: Syrad H. , Falconer C. , Cooke L. , Saxena S. , Kessel A. S. , Viner R. , Kinra S. , Wardle J. , Croker H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore parental perceptions of overweight children and associated health risks after receiving National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) weight feedback.MethodsFifty‐two parents of overweight and obese children aged 4–5 years and 10–11 years enrolled in the NCMP programme in England in 2010–2011 participated in qualitative, semi‐structured interviews about their perceptions of their child's weight and health risk after receiving weight feedback. Interviews were audio tape recorded and were conducted either by telephone (n = 9) or in the respondents’ homes (n = 41). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative thematic analysis.ResultsParents who received NCMP written feedback informing them that their child was overweight disregarded the results because they viewed ‘health and happiness as being more important than weight’. The feedback was viewed as less credible because it did not consider the individual child's lifestyle. ‘Broad definitions of healthy’ were described that did not include weight, such as reference to the child having good emotional and physical health and a healthy diet. Parents attributed weight to ‘inherited/acquired factors’ such as genetics or puppy fat, or did not regard their child's ‘appearance’ as reflecting being overweight. ‘Cultural influence’ also meant that being overweight was not viewed negatively by some non‐white parents.ConclusionsAfter receiving written weight feedback, parents use methods other than actual weight when evaluating their child's weight status and health risks. Parents’ conceptions of health and weight should be considered when communicating with parents, with the aim of bridging the gap between parental recognition of being overweight and subsequent behaviour change.
Persistent babesiosis in a Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) infected with a simian–human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Liu David X. , Gill Amy , Holman Patricia J. , Didier Peter J. , Blanchard James L. , Veazey Ronald S. , Lackner Andrew A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundA rhesus macaque developed chronic anemia, lymphocytic leukocytopenia, fever, and anorexia while immunodeficient following inoculation with a simian‐human immunodeficiency virus.MethodsA complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, polymerase chain reaction and gene sequence were performed.ResultsBlood smears demonstrated persistent intraerythrocytic piroplasms with rare Maltese cross forms. Babesia microti‐like protozoa were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene.ConclusionWith continued use of non‐human primates as models for human diseases, infection and complications from babesiosis should be monitored.
Insights into the physiological function of the β‐amyloid precursor protein: beyond Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dawkins Edgar , Small David H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been extensively studied for its role as the precursor of the β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) of Alzheimer's disease. However, the normal function of APP remains largely unknown. This article reviews studies on the structure, expression and post‐translational processing of APP, as well as studies on the effects of APP in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that the published data provide strong evidence that APP has a trophic function. APP is likely to be involved in neural stem cell development, neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and neurorepair. However, the mechanisms by which APP exerts its actions remain to be elucidated. The available evidence suggests that APP interacts both intracellularly and extracellularly to regulate various signal transduction mechanisms.
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This article reviews studies on the structure, expression and post‐translational processing of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP), as well as studies on the effects of APP in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that the published data provide strong evidence that APP has a trophic function. APP is likely to be involved in neural stem cell development, neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and neurorepair. However, the mechanisms by which APP exerts its actions remain to be elucidated. The available evidence suggests that APP interacts both intracellularly and extracellularly to regulate various signal transduction mechanisms.
Impaired one carbon metabolism and DNA methylation in alcohol toxicity
Authors: Kruman Inna I. , Fowler Anna‐Kate 
Published: February 2014

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption is a prominent problem and one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. Long‐term, heavy alcohol consumption is associated with a number of deleterious health consequences, such as cancer, heart and liver disease, a variety of neurological, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Alcohol consumption is also associated with developmental defects. The causes of alcohol‐induced toxicity are presently unclear. One of the mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity has to do with its interaction with folic acid/homocysteine or one‐carbon metabolism (OCM). OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and its disturbance may compromise DNA methylation, thereby affecting gene expression. OCM disturbance mediated by nutrient deficits is a well‐known risk factor for various disorders and developmental defects (e.g., neural tube defects). In this review, we summarize the role of OCM disturbance and associated epigenetic aberrations in chronic alcohol‐induced toxicity.
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In this review, we summarize the role of one‐carbon metabolism (OCM) aberrations in chronic alcohol‐induced toxicity. OCM is a major donor of methyl groups for methylation reactions, particularly DNA methylation critical for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Alcohol interference with OCM and consequent reduced availability of methyl groups, improper DNA methylation, and aberrant gene expression can play a causative role in alcohol toxicity.