bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of 2,4-D Drift Rates on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Yield
Authors: Sciumbato Audie S. , Senseman Scott A. , Steele Greg L. , Chandler James M. , Cothren Joe T. , Kirk I. W. 
Published: July 2014

Research comparing the effects of five reduced 2,4-D rates on cotton growth, node development, and yield after herbicide exposure at the 4- to 6-leaf stage was conducted at the Texas A&M Field Laboratory near College Station, Texas in 2001, 2002, and 2003. These data were used with those from previous research quantifying 2,4-D injury to correlate yield loss. Yearly environmental conditions during the three-year study had significant effects on much of the data. Plants exposed to 2,4-D rates as high as 5.3×10-4 kg a.i./ha showed no reduction in height during 2001 or 2002, but stunting was observed in 2003. The highest 2,4-D rates, 5.3×10-2 and 2.7×10-1 kg a.i./ha, had no effect on the number of plant nodes but decreased bolls on reproductive growth and increased bolls on vegetative growth during 2001 and 2003. Vegetative boll production was unaffected in 2002. Plots exposed to 2,4-D rates as high as 5.3×10-3 kg a.i./ha experienced no yield reduction. The ability to predict yield loss after early-season 2,4-D injury seems possible, with high correlations between total plant injury and yield during 2002 and 2003 (R2 = 0.82 and 0.80, respectively). The correlation between injury and yield was lower in 2001 (R2 = 0.50). Accepted for publication 16 February 2014. Published 2 June 2014.
Resistance of Kansas Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates to Thiophanate-Methyl and Determination of Associated β-Tubulin Mutation
Authors: Ostrander Jesse C. , Todd Richard B. , Kennelly Megan M. 
Published: July 2014

Eighty-two isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from 12 sites in Kansas were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide thiophanate-methyl at the discriminatory dose of 10 μg/ml. Seventeen isolates were sensitive to thiophanate-methyl and the remaining isolates were resistant. Of the 65 isolates from golf course putting greens, two isolates were sensitive and the remaining 63 isolates were resistant. Six resistant and five sensitive isolates were also evaluated in greenhouse assays on fungicide-treated plants. The isolates that were sensitive to thiophanate-methyl in vitro did not cause any disease on thiophanate-methyl-treated plants, and those that were resistant in vitro caused blighting on treated plants equivalent to the nontreated controls. The entire β-tubulin gene was sequenced for four resistant and four sensitive isolates. The resistant isolates all harbored a substitution of alanine for glutamic acid at codon 198 (E198A). These results provide a starting point for further surveys and monitoring of fungicide sensitivity. Accepted 7 April 2014. Published 6 June 2014.
Empirical tests of harvest‐induced body‐size evolution along a geographic gradient in Australian macropods
Authors: Prowse Thomas A. A. , Correll Rachel A. , Johnson Christopher N. , Prideaux Gavin J. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Life‐history theory predicts the progressive dwarfing of animal populations that are subjected to chronic mortality stress, but the evolutionary impact of harvesting terrestrial herbivores has seldom been tested. In Australia, marsupials of the genus Macropus (kangaroos and wallabies) are subjected to size‐selective commercial harvesting. Mathematical modelling suggests that harvest quotas (c. 10–20% of population estimates annually) could be driving body‐size evolution in these species.

We tested this hypothesis for three harvested macropod species with continental‐scale distributions. To do so, we measured more than 2000 macropod skulls sourced from wildlife collections spanning the last 130 years. We analysed these data using spatial Bayesian models that controlled for the age and sex of specimens as well as environmental drivers and island effects.

We found no evidence for the hypothesized decline in body size for any species; rather, models that fit trend terms supported minor body size increases over time. This apparently counterintuitive result is consistent with reduced mortality due to a depauperate predator guild and increased primary productivity of grassland vegetation following European settlement in Australia.

Spatial patterns in macropod body size supported the heat dissipation limit and productivity hypotheses proposed to explain geographic body‐size variation (i.e. skull size increased with decreasing summer maximum temperature and increasing rainfall, respectively).

There is no empirical evidence that size‐selective harvesting has driven the evolution of smaller body size in Australian macropods. Bayesian models are appropriate for investigating the long‐term impact of human harvesting because they can impute missing data, fit nonlinear growth models and account for non‐random spatial sampling inherent in wildlife collections.
Anorexia runs in families: is this due to genes or the family environment?
Authors: Dring Greg 
Published: July 2014

Anorexia runs in families. This, together with the high level of concordance between identical twins, has led many authorities in the field to argue that genetic factors pay a substantial part in its aetiology. The decoding of the human genome has made possible research on the genetics of anorexia. This has failed to confirm the expected relationship. A number of leaders in the field of family therapy advocate the idea that family relationships do not cause anorexia. However, the failure of genetic explanations draws attention back to the possible role of family factors. These include family attitudes to eating and weight, attachment difficulties, problems with the expression and resolution of conflict and parental psychological control. This article briefly summarizes the current state of the genetic findings and highlights some areas of research on the family, eating disorders and anorexia that are of relevance to the practice of family therapy.Practitioner pointsFamily therapists need not allow theories about the genetic origins of anorexia to distract them from their customary curiosity about family processes.Family therapists' understanding of the way that family relationships impact on adolescent development remains highly relevant.Recognition of some of the difficulties that are faced by girls who develop anorexia may help therapists to support patients in expressing their own needs, feelings, and views.
Assessment of Oligogalacturonide from Citrus Pectin as a Potential Antibacterial Agent against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Wu Ming‐Chang , Li Hui‐chin , Wu Po‐Hua , Huang Ping‐Hsiu , Wang Yuh‐Tai 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFoodborne diseases are an important public health problem in the world. The bacterial resistance against presently used antibiotics is becoming a public health issue; hence, the discovery of new antimicrobial agents from natural sources attracts a lot of attention. Antibacterial activities of oligogalacturonide from commercial microbial pectic enzyme (CPE) treated citrus pectin, which exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities, against 4 foodborne pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed. Pectin hydrolysates from CPE hydrolysis exhibited antibacterial activities. However, no antibacterial activity of pectin was observed. Citrus oligogalacturonide from 24‐h hydrolysis exhibited bactericidal effect against all selected foodborne pathogens and displayed minimal inhibitory concentration at 37.5 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium, and at 150.0 μg/mL for S. aureus.
Quantification of Pizza Baking Properties of Different Cheeses, and Their Correlation with Cheese Functionality
Authors: Ma Xixiu , Balaban Murat O. , Zhang Lu , Emanuelsson‐Patterson Emma A.C. , James Bryony 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is to quantify the pizza baking properties and performance of different cheeses, including the browning and blistering, and to investigate the correlation to cheese properties (rheology, free oil, transition temperature, and water activity). The color, and color uniformity, of different cheeses (Mozzarella, Cheddar, Colby, Edam, Emmental, Gruyere, and Provolone) were quantified, using a machine vision system and image analysis techniques. The correlations between cheese appearance and attributes were also evaluated, to find that cheese properties including elasticity, free oil, and transition temperature influence the color uniformity of cheeses.
Effect of Sorghum Flour Addition on In Vitro Starch Digestibility, Cooking Quality, and Consumer Acceptability of Durum Wheat Pasta
Authors: Khan Imran , Yousif Adel M. , Johnson Stuart K. , Gamlath Shirani 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhole grain sorghum is a valuable source of resistant starch and polyphenolic antioxidants and its addition into staple food like pasta may reduce the starch digestibility. However, incorporating nondurum wheat materials into pasta provides a challenge in terms of maintaining cooking quality and consumer acceptability. Pasta was prepared from 100% durum wheat semolina (DWS) as control or by replacing DWS with either wholegrain red sorghum flour (RSF) or white sorghum flour (WSF) each at 20%, 30%, and 40% incorporation levels, following a laboratory‐scale procedure. Pasta samples were evaluated for proximate composition, in vitro starch digestibility, cooking quality, and consumer acceptability. The addition of both RSF and WSF lowered the extent of in vitro starch digestion at all substitution levels compared to the control pasta. The rapidly digestible starch was lowered in all the sorghum‐containing pastas compared to the control pasta. Neither RSF or WSF addition affected the pasta quality attributes (water absorption, swelling index, dry matter, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness), except color and hardness which were negatively affected. Consumer sensory results indicated that pasta samples containing 20% and 30% RSF or WSF had acceptable palatability based on meeting one or both of the preset acceptability criteria. It is concluded that the addition of wholegrain sorghum flour to pasta at 30% incorporation level is possible to reduce starch digestibility, while maintaining adequate cooking quality and consumer acceptability.
Maria, ou Le Malheur d'être femme: Translating Mary Wollstonecraft in Revolutionary France
Authors: Kirkley Laura 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTranslations of Wollstonecraft's works gave her a distinctive literary ‘afterlife’ on the European continent. This article takes as a case study Basile‐Joseph Ducos's translation of Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman (1798). Ducos's translational choices, which subdue radical aspects of Wollstonecraft's feminism, stem from the moral climate and gender ideology of the Directoire, French sentimental literary conventions and his interpretation of ambiguities or innovations in Wollstonecraft's unfinished text. The article focuses on Wollstonecraft's adaptation of sentimental conventions to her feminist agenda, arguing that Ducos suppresses her conception of erotic experience as a catalyst for imaginative insight and personal growth.
An Anatomy of Accountability at the WTO
Authors: Wolfe Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAccountability is fundamental to democratic governance and good administration, but its multiple meanings and claimants challenge international organizations. Whoisaccountable implies whocanbe accountable, and the matters for which some process exists to hold them accountable through some effect on their behavior. The answers to those questions in the World Trade Organization (WTO) will differ depending on who is asking and on the values to be promoted, from international order, procedural fairness, prosperity and justice to sustainable development. An anatomy of accountability in the WTO finds many possible ‘accountability regimes’, illuminating the tension between vertical and horizontal accountability (domestic responsiveness and international obligation) and the challenge in choosing among horizontal accountability regimes (promise keeping by members): efforts to satisfy any one accountability claim can make achieving the others more difficult.
Transmitting species‐interaction data from animal‐borne transceivers through Service Argos using Bluetooth communication
Authors: Lidgard Damian C. , Bowen William D. , Jonsen Ian D. , McConnell Bernie J. , Lovell Phil , Webber Dale M. , Stone Tim , Iverson Sara J. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Interactions between upper trophic‐level predators and their prey remain poorly understood due to their inaccessibility during foraging at sea. This uncertainty has fuelled debate on the impact of predation by species such as the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) on fish stocks.

The Vemco Mobile Transceiver (VMT) has provided us with new knowledge on interactions between pinnipeds and fish species. However, the necessity to recover the VMT for data retrieval has limited deployments to locations where confidence in instrument recovery is high, and has thus restricted both species and geographical sampling.

To overcome these limitations, a Bluetooth link was integrated into the VMT and GPS satellite‐linked transmitter. The two‐unit design allows data collected by the VMT to be transmitted via Bluetooth to the satellite transmitter, which relays the interaction data to the ARGOS satellite system for retrieval.

To evaluate in‐situ performance, units were deployed on two adult female grey seals on Sable Island, NS in October 2012 and recovered during the subsequent breeding season. Data archived by the VMT were compared with data uploaded via ARGOS.

The deployment periods were 76–84 days. The total number of valid detections archived was 179. All detections archived by the first unit (n = 66) were transmitted via ARGOS, while all but two of the 113 archived detections from the second unit were transmitted. Detections recovered from both units were from other VMT‐tagged grey seals (n = 173) and moored V13 transmitters on Middle Bank, Eastern Scotian Shelf (n = 6).

These preliminary results are proof‐of‐concept that integrated Bluetooth VMTs can be used on a broader variety of marine predators to collect data on species interactions in otherwise inaccessible environments and without the need to recover instruments.
Cervical cancer screening at crossroads
Authors: Lynge Elsebeth , Rygaard Carsten , Baillet Miguel Vazquez‐Prada , Dugué Pierre‐Antoine , Sander Bente Braad , Bonde Jesper , Rebolj Matejka 
Published: July 2014

Cervical screening has been one of the most successful public health prevention programmes. For 50 years, cytology formed the basis for screening, and detected cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) were treated surgically to prevent progression to cancer. In a high‐risk country as Denmark, screening decreased the incidence of cervical cancer from 34 to 11 per 100 000, age‐standardized rate (World Standard Population). Screening is, however, also expensive; Denmark (population: 5.6 million) undertakes close to half a million tests per year, and has 6–8 CIN‐treated women for each prevented cancer case. The discovery of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of cervical cancer dramatically changed perspectives for disease control. Screening with HPV testing was launched around 1990, and preventive HPV vaccination was licensed in 2006. Long‐term randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrated that HPV testing provides better protection against cervical cancer than cytology, but it requires extra repeated testing. HPV vaccination RCTs, furthermore, have proved that HPV vaccination protects against vaccine‐type high‐grade CIN in women vaccinated prior to sexual activity, but less so in women vaccinated later. The challenge now is therefore to find an algorithm for screening of a heterogeneous population including non‐vaccinated women; women vaccinated prior to start of sexual activity; and women vaccinated later.
Using tumor phenotype, histological tumor distribution, and mammographic appearance to explain the survival differences between screen‐detected and clinically detected breast cancers
Authors: Chuang Shu‐Lin , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng , Yu Cheng‐Ping , Chang King‐Jen , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Fann Jean Ching‐Yuan , Tabár László , Stephen Duffy W. , Smith Robert A. , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi 
Published: July 2014

In the era of mass screening for breast cancer with mammography, it has been noted that conventional tumor attributes and mammographic appearance are insufficient to account for the better prognosis of screen‐detected tumors. Such prognostication may require additional updated pathological information regarding tumor phenotype (e.g., basal status) and histological tumor distribution (focality). We investigated this hypothesis using a Bayesian approach to analyze breast cancer data from Dalarna County, Sweden. We used data for tumors diagnosed in the Swedish Two‐County Trial and early service screening period, 1977–1995, and from the mature service screening period, 1996–1998. In the early period of mammographic screening (1977–1995), the crude hazard ratio (HR) of breast cancer death for screen‐detected cases compared with symptomatic ones was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.17–0.29) compared with 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34–0.76) when adjusted for conventional tumor attributes only. Using the data from the mature service screening period, 1996–1998, the HR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.08–0.44) unadjusted and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.26–1.47) after adjustment for tumor phenotype, mammographic appearance, histological tumor distribution, and conventional tumor attributes. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of breast cancer deaths using these variables without the detection mode was 0.82, only slightly less than that observed when additionally including the detection mode (AUC = 0.83). Using Freedman statistics, conventional tumor attributes and mammographic appearances explained 58% (95% CI: 57.5–58.6%) of the difference of breast cancer survival between the screen‐detected and the clinically detected breast cancers, whereas the corresponding figure was increased to 77% (95% CI: 75.6–77.6%) when adding the two information on tumor phenotype and histological tumor distribution. The results indicated that conventional tumor attributes and mammographic appearance are not sufficient to be interim markers for explaining the survival difference between screen‐detected and clinically detected cancers in the era marked by the widespread use of mammography. Additional information on tumor phenotype and histological distribution may be added as effective interim markers for explaining the benefit of the early detection of breast cancer with mammography.
A common hypofunctional genetic variant of GPER is associated with increased blood pressure in women
Authors: Feldman Ross D. , Gros Robert , Ding Qingming , Hussain Yasin , Ban Matthew R. , McIntyre Adam D. , Hegele Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

AimsActivation of vascular GPER has been linked to vasodepressor effects in animals. However, the significance of GPER regulation on chronic blood pressure control in humans is unknown.MethodsTo examine this question we determined the functional significance of expression of a common missense single nucleotide variant of GPER, P16L in vascular smooth muscle cells, and its association with blood pressure in humans. Further, to validate the importance of carrying GPER P16L in the development of hypertension we assessed allele frequency in a cohort of hard‐to‐treat hypertensive patients referred to a tertiary care clinic.ResultsExpression of the GPER P16L variant (V) vs. wild type (WT) in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, was associated with a significant decrease in G1 (1 μm, a GPER agonist)‐mediated ERK phosphorylation (slope of the function of G1‐stimulated ERK phosphorylation: GPER content WT: 16.2, 95% CI 9.9, 22.6; V: 5.0, 95% CI 1.0, 9.0; P < 0.005) and apoptosis (slope of the function of G1‐stimulated apoptosis: GPER content: WT: 4.4, 95% CI: 3.4, 5.4; V: 2.5, 95% CI 1.6, 2.3 P < 0.005). Normotensive female subjects, but not male subjects, carrying this hypofunctional variant (allele frequency 22%) have increased blood pressure [mean arterial pressure: P16/P16: 80 ± 1 mmHg (n = 204) vs. P16L carriers: 82 ± 1 mmHg (n = 127), 95% CI for difference: 0.6, 4.0 mmHg, P < 0.05], [systolic blood pressure: P16/P16: 105 ± 1 mmHg vs. P16L carriers: 108 ± 1 mmHg, 95% CI for difference:1.0, 5.1 mmHg, P < 0.05], [diastolic blood pressure: P16/P16: 66 ± 0.5 mmHg vs. P16L carriers 68 ± 0.7, 95% CI for difference: 0.2, 3.6 mmHg, P < 0.05]. Further, the P16L allele frequency was almost two‐fold higher in female vs. male hypertensive patients (31% vs. 16%, allele ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.32, 0.76, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe common genetic variant, GPER P16L, is hypofunctional and female carriers of this allele have increased blood pressure. There was an increased prevalence in a population of hard‐to‐treat hypertensive female patients. Cumulatively, these data suggest that in females, impaired GPER function might be associated with increased blood pressure and risk of hypertension.
Combined treatment: impact of optimal psychotherapy and medication in bipolar disorder
Authors: Parikh Sagar V , Hawke Lisa D , Velyvis Vytas , Zaretsky Ari , Beaulieu Serge , Patelis‐Siotis Irene , MacQueen Glenda , Young L Trevor , Yatham Lakshmi N , Cervantes Pablo 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesThe current study investigated the longitudinal course of symptoms in bipolar disorder among individuals receiving optimal treatment combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, as well as predictors of the course of illness.MethodsA total of 160 participants with bipolar disorder (bipolar I disorder: n = 115; bipolar II disorder: n = 45) received regular pharmacological treatment, complemented by a manualized, evidence‐based psychosocial treatment – that is, cognitive behavioral therapy or psychoeducation. Participants were assessed at baseline and prospectively for 72 weeks using the Longitudinal Interval Follow‐up Evaluation (LIFE) scale scores for mania/hypomania and depression, as well as comparison measures (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00188838).ResultsOver a 72‐week period, patients spent a clear majority (about 65%) of time euthymic. Symptoms were experienced more than 50% of the time by only a quarter of the sample. Depressive symptoms strongly dominated over (hypo)manic symptoms, while subsyndromal symptoms were more common than full diagnosable episodes for both polarities. Mixed symptoms were rare, but present for a minority of participants. Individuals experienced approximately six significant mood changes per year, with a full relapse on average every 7.5 months. Participants who had fewer depressive symptoms at intake, a later age at onset, and no history of psychotic symptoms spent more weeks well over the course of the study.ConclusionsCombined pharmacological and adjunctive psychosocial treatments appeared to provide an improved course of illness compared to the results of previous studies. Efforts to further improve the course of illness beyond that provided by current optimal treatment regimens will require a substantial focus on both subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms.