bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female but not male zebra finches adjust heat output in response to increased incubation demand
Authors: Hill Davina L. , Lindström Jan , McCafferty Dominic J. , Nager Ruedi G. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn many incubating birds heat transfer from parent to egg is facilitated by the brood patch, an area of ventral abdominal skin that becomes highly vascularised, swells and loses its down feathers around the time of laying. Only the female develops a brood patch in most passerine species, but some males incubate and maintain the eggs at similar temperatures to females without a brood patch. Here we used a novel application of infra-red thermography (IRT) to examine sex differences in parental care from a physiological perspective. Using incubating male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), a species in which the male lacks a brood patch, we measured the surface temperature of the ventral plumage overlying the abdomen and a reference area that does not contact the eggs (thorax) twice per pair. In half of the pairs clutch size was experimentally enlarged between the two sets of measurements to increase incubation demand. We found that the temperature differential between abdomen and thorax plumage was greater in females than in males, and that abdomen plumage was warmer after clutch enlargement than before it in females but not in males. These findings are consistent with morphological sex differences in brood patch development and suggest that male and female zebra finches differ in the way they regulate abdomen versus general body surface temperature in response to variation in incubation demand.
Reflectance-based identification of parasitized host eggs and adult Trichogramma specimens
Authors: Nansen Christian , Coelho Aloisio , Vieira Jaci M. , Parra Jose R.P. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
A wide range of imaging and spectroscopy technologies is used in medical diagnostics, quality control in production systems, military applications, stress detection in agriculture, and in ecological studies of both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The growing interest and use of imaging based research is mainly driven by technological improvements, reductions in equipment costs and improvements of classification methods. In this study, we hypothesize that reflectance profiling can be used to successfully classify animals that are otherwise very challenging to classify. This methodological approach is supported by extensive literature in species-specific variation in cuticular composition of hydrocarbons. We acquired hyperspectral images from adult specimens of the egg parasitoid genus, Trichogramma (T. galloi, T. pretiosum and T. atopovirilia), which are about 1.0 mm in length. We also acquired hyperspectral images from host eggs containing developing Trichogramma instars. These obligate egg endoparasitoids species are commercially available as natural enemies of lepidopteran pests in food production systems. Due to their minute size and physical resemblance, classification is both time-consuming and requires high level of technical experience. The classification of reflectance profiles was based on a combination of average reflectance and variogram parameters (describing the spatial structure of reflectance data) of reflectance values in individual spectral bands. Although variogram parameters (variogram analysis) are commonly used in large-scale spatial research (i.e. geoscience and landscape ecology), they have only recently been used in classification of high-resolution hyperspectral imaging data. The classification model of parasitized host eggs was equally successful for each of the three species and was successfully validated with independent data sets (&gt;90% classification accuracy). The classification model of adult specimens accurately separated T. atopovirilia from the other two species, but specimens of T. galloi and T. pretiosum could not be accurately separated. Interestingly, molecular-based classification (using the DNA sequence of the internally transcribed spacer, ITS2) of Trichogramma species published elsewhere corroborate the classification, as T. galloi and T. pretiosum are closely related and comparatively distant from T. atopovirilia. Our results suggest that non-destructive acquisition of reflectance data from the external surface of animals may be of relevance to a wide range of commercial (i.e. producers of biocontrol agents), taxonomic, and evolutionary research applications.
Temperature and UV-B insensitive performance in tadpoles of the Ornate burrowing frog: an ephemeral pond specialist
Authors: Kern Pippa , Cramp Rebecca L. , Franklin Craig E. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Animals may overcome the challenges of temperature instability through behavioural and physiological mechanisms in response to short and long term temperature changes. When ectotherms face the challenge of large diel temperature fluctuations one strategy may be to reduce the thermal sensitivity of key traits in order to maintain performance across the range of temperatures experienced. Additional stressors may limit the ability of animals to respond to these thermally challenging environments through changes to energy partitioning, or interactive effects. Ornate burrowing frog (Platyplectrum ornatum) tadpoles develop in shallow ephemeral pools that experience high diel thermal variability (&gt;20°C) and can be exposed to high levels of UV-B radiation. Here we investigated how development in fluctuating verses stable temperature conditions in the presence of high or low UV-B radiation influences thermal tolerance and thermal sensitivity of performance traits of P. ornatum tadpoles. Tadpoles developed in either stable (24°C) or fluctuating temperatures (18-32°C) under high or low UV-B conditions. Tadpoles were tested for upper critical thermal limits and thermal dependence of resting metabolic rate and maximum burst swimming performance. We hypothesised that developmental responses to thermal fluctuations would increase thermal tolerance and reduce thermal dependence of physiological traits, and that trade-offs in the allocation of metabolic resources towards repairing UV-B induced damage may limit the ability to maintain performance over the full range of temperatures experienced. We found that P. ornatum tadpoles were thermally insensitive for both burst swimming performance, across the range of temperatures tested, and resting metabolic rate at high temperatures independent of developmental conditions. Maintenance of performance led to trade-off for growth under fluctuating temperatures and UV-B exposure. Temperature treatment and UV-B exposure had an interactive effect on upper critical thermal limits possibly due to the up-regulation of the cellular stress response. Thermal independence of key traits may allow P. ornatum tadpoles to maintaining performance in the thermal variability inherent in their environment.
Summit metabolism and metabolic expansibility in Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi): seasonal acclimatisation and effects of captivity
Authors: Minnaar Ingrid A. , Bennett Nigel C. , Chimimba Christian T. , McKechnie Andrew E. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Summit metabolism (Msum), the maximum rate of resting metabolic thermogenesis, has been found to be broadly correlated with climatic variables and the use of heterothermy in some endotherms. Far less is known about Msum and metabolic expansibility [ME, the ratio of Msum to basal metabolic rate (BMR)] in bats compared to many other endotherm taxa. We measured BMR and Msum during winter and summer in captive and wild populations of a pteropodid from the southern subtropics, Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) in Pretoria, South Africa The Msum of fruit bats ranged from 5.178 ± 0.611 W (captive, summer) to 6.006 ± 0.890 W (captive, winter), and did not vary significantly between seasons. In contrast, BMR decreased by 17-25% in winter. The combination of seasonally stable Msum but flexible BMR resulted in ME being significantly higher in winter than summer, ranging from 7.24 ± 1.49 (wild, summer) to 13.11 ± 2.14 (captive, winter). The latter value is well above the typical mammalian range. Moreover, both Msum and ME were significantly higher in captive bats compared to wild individuals; we speculate this represents a phenotypic response to a reduction in exercise-associated heat production while in captivity. Our data for E. wahlbergi, combined with those currently available for other chiropterans, reveal that Msum in bats is highly variable compared to allometrically expected values for other mammals.
Eliciting Security Requirements from the Business Processes Using Security Risk-Oriented Patterns
Authors: Matulevičius Raimundas , Ahmed Naved 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Although importance of aligning modelling of business processes
and security is growing, there is rather limited research
performed on elicitation of security requirements from the
business processes. In this paper we discuss how security
risk-oriented patterns could help solving the above problem. Using
the illustrative example, we present a two-step method for (i)
pattern occurrence discovery in, and (ii) for security
requirements definition from the business process model. We hope
that our proposal could help elicit security requirements at the
early system development stages, however, we still need to
validate it empirically.
Short-term combined treatment with liraglutide and metformin leads to significant weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and previous poor response to metformin
Authors: Jensterle Sever Mojca , Kocjan Tomaz , Pfeifer Marija , Kravos Nika Aleksandra , Janez Andrej 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe effect of metformin on weight reduction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the potential add-on effect of treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on weight loss in obese nondiabetic women with PCOS who had lost <5% body weight during pretreatment with metformin.MethodsA total of 40 obese women with PCOS, who had been pretreated with metformin for at least 6 months, participated in a 12-week open-label, prospective study. They were randomized to one of three treatment arms: metformin (MET) arm 1000 mg BID, liraglutide (LIRA) arm 1.2 mg QD s.c., or combined MET 1000 mg BID and LIRA (COMBI) 1.2 mg QD s.c. Lifestyle intervention was not actively promoted. The primary outcome was change in body weight.ResultsThirty six patients (aged 31.3±7.1 years, BMI 37.1±4.6 kg/m2) completed the study: 14 on MET, 11 on LIRA, and 11 on combined treatment. COMBI therapy was superior to LIRA and MET monotherapy in reducing weight, BMI, and waist circumference. Subjects treated with COMBI lost on average 6.5±2.8 kg compared with a 3.8±3.7 kg loss in the LIRA group and a 1.2±1.4 kg loss in the MET group (P<0.001). The extent of weight loss was stratified: a total of 38% of subjects were high responders who lost ≥5% body weight, 22% of them in the COMBI arm compared with 16 and 0% in the LIRA and MET arm respectively. BMI decreased by 2.4±1.0 in the COMBI arm compared with 1.3±1.3 in LIRA and 0.5±0.5 in the MET arm (P<0.001). Waist circumference also decreased by 5.5±3.8 cm in the COMBI arm compared with 3.2±2.9 cm in LIRA and 1.6±2.9 cm in the MET arm (P=0.029). Subjects treated with liraglutide experienced more nausea than those treated with metformin, but severity of nausea decreased over time and did not correlate with weight loss.ConclusionsShort-term combined treatment with liraglutide and metformin was associated with significant weight loss and decrease in waist circumference in obese women with PCOS who had previously been poor responders regarding weight reduction on metformin monotherapy.
On similarity between topologies
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Filipczak Małgorzata , Kowalski Andrzej , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Let T
1 and T
2 be topologies defined on the same set X and let us say that (X, T
1) and (X, T
2) are similar if the families of sets which have nonempty interior with respect to T
1 and T
2 coincide. The aim of the paper is to study how similar topologies are related with each other.
Can Recovery of Peripheral Muscle Function Predict Cognitive Task Performance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome With and Without Fibromyalgia?
Authors: Ickmans Kelly , Meeus Mira , De Kooning Margot , Lambrecht Luc , Pattyn Nathalie , Nijs Jo 
Published: December 2013

Background
Both good physical and cognitive functioning have a positive influence on the execution of activities of daily living. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as well as patients with fibromyalgia have marked cognitive deficits. Furthermore, a good physical and functional health status may have a positive impact on a variety of cognitive skills—a link that has been observed in young and old individuals who are healthy, although evidence is limited in patients with CFS.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine whether recovery of upper limb muscle function could be a significant predictor of cognitive performance in patients with CFS and in patients with CFS and comorbid fibromyalgia. Furthermore, this study determined whether cognitive performance is different between these patient groups.

Design
A case-control design was used.

Methods
Seventy-eight participants were included in the study: 18 patients with CFS only (CFS group), 30 patients with CFS and comorbid fibromyalgia (CFS+FM group), and 30 individuals who were healthy and inactive (control group) were studied. Participants first completed 3 performance-based cognitive tests designed to assess selective and sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, and working memory capacity. Seven days later, they performed a fatiguing upper limb exercise test, with subsequent recovery measures.

Results
Recovery of upper limb muscle function was found to be a significant predictor of cognitive performance in patients with CFS. Participants in the CFS+FM group but not those in the CFS group showed significantly decreased cognitive performance compared with the control group.

Limitations
The cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow for inferences of causation.

Conclusions
The results suggest that better physical health status could predict better mental health in patients with CFS. Furthermore, they underline disease heterogeneity, suggesting that reducing this factor in future research is important to better understand and uncover mechanisms regarding the nature of diverse impairments in these patients.
Qu’est-ce qui se cache derrière les mots ? L’enseignement de la compréhension de l’anglais écrit en LEA
Authors: Chartier Nicole 
Published: December 2013

Qu’est-ce qui se cache derrière les mots ? Les mots représentent des réalités, qu’il est indispensable de (re)connaître afin de pouvoir en rendre compte dans le passage d’une langue à l’autre. Une méthodologie de l’enseignement de la connotation et des références culturelles est proposée dans cet article.
“Cultural Re-Entry”: Pedagogical application of a simple descriptive analysis of the dynamics of cross-cultural encounter for students of International Commerce
Authors: Brace-Le Bigot Suzette 
Published: December 2013

Cette intervention a pour objet un programme de « dépressurisation culturelle » créé pour des étudiants de retour dans un milieu universitaire après un stage d’ordre professionnel dans un pays étranger. À la différence de la plupart des programmes de sensibilisation interculturelle qui se fixent essentiellement sur « le perçu » et sur les apports cognitifs offerts par la culture découverte (culture cible), le programme de « dépressurisation culturelle » analyse « le perceveur », ou le comportement du sujet face à la culture étrangère Les sept « phases » de découverte vont de la perspective de la culture maternelle (contact avec l’altérité extrêmement limité) au « désengagement » (capacité à faire des choix responsables face à la double sollicitation des valeurs acquises dans l’environnement maternel et des alternatives proposées par une autre culture). En conclusion, nous proposons un appareil pédagogique, ou une série d’exercices de sensibilisation du groupe.
Le passif peut-il éclairer les esprits ?
Authors: Vapnarsky Valentina 
Published: December 2013

Cet article présente une réflexion sur les modes d’expression et d’attribution d’agentivité au sein des interactions communicationnelles concernant les esprits-maîtres chez les Mayas Yucatèques du Quintana Roo (Mexique). L’étude associe une analyse grammaticale de la façon dont des notions afférentes à l’agentivité structurent le maya yucatèque, à une analyse ethnographique et discursive des interactions impliquant les esprits. Quatre situations discursives sont comparées : récit biographique de rencontre avec les esprits, conte, commentaires du spécialiste rituel, invocation rituelle. Celles-ci révèlent de forts contrastes quant aux modes de référence actantielle et lexicale utilisés pour la référence aux esprits, permettant, grâce à la considération de genres du discours relativement typifiés et de choix discursifs locaux, d’expliciter certaines corrélations entre cadre participatif, mode de référence linguistique et régime relationnel. L’hypothèse soutenue est que les modes linguistiques de référence aux esprits et à leur action sont co-constitutifs des formes et gradations d’agentivité qui leur sont affectés, en ce qu’ils indexent, qualifient ou oblitèrent, des relations à la fois typifiées et contextuelles d’agence entre le locuteur, d’autres participants à la situation d’énonciation et les esprits.
Cell Death Triggered by Yersinia enterocolitica Identifies Processing of the Proinflammatory Signal Adapter MyD88 as a General Event in the Execution of Apoptosis
Authors: Novikova Lena , Czymmeck Nicole , Deuretzbacher Anne , Buck Friedrich , Richter Kathleen , Weber Alexander N. R. , Aepfelbacher Martin , Ruckdeschel Klaus 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Many pathogenic microorganisms have evolved tactics to modulate host cell death or survival pathways for establishing infection. The enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica deactivates TLR-induced signaling pathways, which triggers apoptosis in macrophages. In this article, we show that Yersinia-induced apoptosis of human macrophages involves caspase-dependent cleavage of the TLR adapter protein MyD88. MyD88 was also cleaved when apoptosis was mediated by overexpression of the Toll–IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β in epithelial cells. The caspase-processing site was mapped to aspartate-135 in the central region of MyD88. MyD88 is consequently split by caspases in two fragments, one harboring the death domain and the other the Toll–IL-1R domain. Caspase-3 was identified as the protease that conferred the cleavage of MyD88 in in vitro caspase assays. In line with a broad role of caspase-3 in the execution of apoptosis, the processing of MyD88 was not restricted to Yersinia infection and to proapoptotic Toll–IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β signaling, but was also triggered by staurosporine treatment. The cleavage of MyD88 therefore seems to be a common event in the advanced stages of apoptosis, when caspase-3 is active. We propose that the processing of MyD88 disrupts its scaffolding function and uncouples the activation of TLR and IL-1Rs from the initiation of proinflammatory signaling events. The disruption of MyD88 may consequently render dying cells less sensitive to proinflammatory stimuli in the execution phase of apoptosis. The cleavage of MyD88 could therefore be a means of conferring immunogenic tolerance to apoptotic cells to ensure silent, noninflammatory cell demise.
Antiretroviral treatment and quality of life in Africans living with HIV: 12‐month follow‐up in Burkina Faso
Authors: Jaquet Antoine , Garanet Franck , Balestre Eric , Ekouevi Didier K. , Azani Jean Claude , Bognounou René , Dah Elias , Kondombo Jean Charlemagne , Dabis François , Drabo Joseph ,   for the IeDEA West Africa collaboration
Published: December 2013

IntroductionThe scale‐up of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a significant improvement in survival of the HIV‐positive patient but its effects on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) are less known and context‐dependent. Our aim was to assess the temporal changes and factors associated with HRQOL among HIV‐positive adults initiating HAART in Burkina Faso.MethodsHIV‐positive people initiating HAART were prospectively included and followed over a one‐year period in three HIV clinics of Ouagadougou. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and at each follow‐up visit using physical (PHS) and mental (MHS) summary scores derived from the Medical Outcome Study 36‐Item short‐form health survey (MOS SF‐36) questionnaire. Toxicity related to HAART modification and self‐reported symptoms were recorded during follow‐up visits. Determinants associated with baseline and changes in both scores over a one‐year period were assessed using a mixed linear model.ResultsA total of 344 patients were included. Their median age at baseline was 37 years [interquartile range (IQR) 30–44] and their median CD4 count was 181 cells/mm3 (IQR 97–269). The mean [standard deviation (SD)] PHS score increased from 45.4 (11.1) at baseline to 60.0 (3.1) at 12 months (p<10−4) and the mean (SD) MHS score from 42.2 (8.7) to 43.9 (3.4) (p<10−2). After one year of treatment, patients that experienced on average two symptoms during follow‐up presented with significantly lower PHS (63.9) and MHS (43.8) scores compared to patients that presented no symptoms with PHS and MHS of 68.2 (p<10−4) and 45.3 (p<10−3), respectively.DiscussionThe use of HAART was associated with a significant increase in both physical and mental aspects of the HRQOL over a 12‐month period in this urban African population. Perceived symptoms experienced during follow‐up visits were associated with a significant impairment in HRQOL. The appropriate and timely management of reported symptoms during the follow‐up of HAART‐treated patients is a key component to restore HRQOL.
Molecular farming of human cytokines and blood products from plants: Challenges in biosynthesis and detection of plant‐produced recombinant proteins
Authors: da Cunha Nicolau B. , Vianna Giovanni R. , da Almeida Lima Thaina , Rech Elíbio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPlants have emerged as an attractive alternative to the traditional mammalian cell cultures or microbial cell‐based systems system for the production of valuable recombinant proteins. Through recombinant DNA technology, plants can be engineered to produce large quantities of pharmaceuticals and industrial proteins of high quality at low costs. The recombinant production, by transgenic plants, of therapeutic proteins normally present in human plasma, such as cytokines, coagulation factors, anticoagulants, and immunoglobulins, represents a response to the ongoing challenges in meeting the demand for therapeutic proteins to treat serious inherited or acquired bleeding and immunological diseases. As the clinical utilization of fractionated plasma molecules is limited by high production costs, using recombinant biopharmaceuticals derived from plants represents a feasible alternative to provide efficient treatment. Plant‐derived pharmaceuticals also reduce the potential risks to patients of infection with pathogens or unwanted immune responses due to immunogenic antigens. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in molecular farming of cytokines. We also examine the technological basis, upcoming challenges, and perspectives for the biosynthesis and detection of these molecules in different plant production platforms.