bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size and Shape‐controlled Pd Nanocrystals on ZnO and SiO2: When the Nature of the Support Determines the Active Phase
Authors: Crespo‐Quesada Micaela , Yoon Songhak , Jin Mingshang , Xia Younan , Weidenkaff Anke , Kiwi‐Minsker Lioubov 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe structure sensitivity of acetylene hydrogenation was studied over size‐controlled cubic and octahedral Pd nanocrystals (NCs) supported on ZnO and SiO2. Acetylene hydrogenation was found to be structure sensitive [with Pd(1 1 1) in octahedra being more active than Pd(1 0 0) in cubes]. However, the response was found to vary depending on the redox properties of the support. The catalytically active and selective palladium carbide (PdCx) phase was readily formed on the SiO2‐supported Pd NCs (much faster on cubes than on octahedra), whereas a markedly less active PdZn phase was preferentially formed on the ZnO‐supported Pd nanocrystals. Here we show that the structure sensitivity of a chemical reaction is a complex phenomenon that originates from the reconstruction of the active phase in response to the reactive environment, which is ultimately determined by the support used.
Polycatenation‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Nanoporous Frameworks Based on a 1D Ribbon of Rings: Regular Structural Evolution, Interpenetration Transformation, and Photochemical Modification
Authors: Sun Jian‐Ke , Tan Bin , Cai Li‐Xuan , Chen Rui‐Ping , Zhang Jian , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA series of nanoporous frameworks constructed by a polycatenated isoreticular 1D ribbon of rings have been developed. The orientation of catenated ribbons can be fine tuned by varying counter anions, which allows both pore size and shape to be systematically adjusted in a pre‐synthetic process. Distinct from conventional pore construction modes in which the organic linkers are alternately connected by metal nodes into a 3D periodic arrangement, the present polycatenation approach represents an alternative for constructing soft porous materials with tunable pore metrics and functions. Furthermore, these porous structures can interconvert into each other based on an anion‐exchange process, accompanied by the transformation of the interpenetrating structures in different dimensional networks, which is unusual in porous frameworks. In addition, such a porous framework can be post‐synthetically modified by a photoinduced [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, which not only achieves the surface modification (from conjugated to non‐conjugated inner surface), but also triggers the structural transformation from low dimension to high dimension. Such a post‐modification process reinforces the pore architecture through a covalent locking effect and has a great impact on the adsorption properties.
Iron 10‐Thiacorroles: Bioinspired Iron(III) Complexes with an Intermediate Spin (S=3/2) Ground State
Authors: Sakow Dimitri , Baabe Dirk , Böker Birte , Burghaus Olaf , Funk Markus , Kleeberg Christian , Menzel Dirk , Pietzonka Clemens , Bröring Martin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA first systematic study upon the preparation and exploration of a series of iron 10‐thiacorroles with simple halogenido (F, Cl, Br, I), pseudo‐halogenido (N3, I3) and solvent‐derived axial ligands (DMSO, pyridine) is reported. The compounds were prepared from the free‐base octaethyl‐10‐thiacorrole by iron insertion and subsequent ligand‐exchange reactions. The small N4 cavity of the ring‐contracted porphyrinoid results in an intermediate spin (i.s., S=3/2) state as the ground state for the iron(III) ion. In most of the investigated cases, the i.s. state is found unperturbed and independent of temperature, as determined by a combination of X‐ray crystallography and magnetometry with 1H NMR‐, EPR‐, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two exceptions were found. The fluorido iron(III) complex is inhomogenous in the solid and contains a thermal i.s. (S=3/2)→high spin (h.s., S=5/2) crossover fraction. On the other side, the cationic bis(pyridine) complex resides in the expected low spin (l.s., S=1/2) state. Chemically, the iron 10‐thiacorroles differ from the iron porphyrins mainly by weaker axial ligand binding and by a cathodic shift of the redox potentials. These features make the 10‐thiacorroles interesting ligands for future research on biomimetic catalysts and model systems for unusual heme protein active sites.
Light‐Regulated Tetracycline Binding to the Tet Repressor
Authors: Moon Jayoung , Gam Jongsik , Lee Seung‐Goo , Suh Young‐Ger , Lee Jeeyeon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractElucidation of the signal‐transmission pathways between distant sites within proteins is of great importance in medical and bioengineering sciences. The use of optical methods to redesign protein functions is emerging as a general approach for the control of biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision. Here we report the detailed thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of novel chimeric light‐regulated Tet repressor (TetR) switches in which light modulates the TetR function. Light absorbed by flavin mononucleotide (FMN) generates a signal that is transmitted to As‐LOV and YtvA‐LOV fused TetR proteins (LOV=light–oxygen–voltage), in which it alters the binding to tetracycline, the TetR ligand. The engineering of light‐sensing protein modules with TetR is a valuable tool that deepens our understanding of the mechanism of signal transmission within proteins. In addition, the light‐regulated changes of drug binding that we describe here suggest that engineered light‐sensitive proteins may be used for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Reactive and Thermostable Anatase Titania Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Qi Fei , Moiseev Anna , Deubener Joachim , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Anatas (TiO2)‐Nanopartikeln in einer Vormischflamme hergestellt und durch die verzögerte Zugabe eines Si‐Precursors so passiviert, dass die TiO2/SiO2‐Nanopartikeln bis zu 1050 °C weder Phasenumwandlung noch Koaleszenz zeigten. Die temperaturstabilen TiO2‐Nanopartikeln wurden erfolgreich in photokatalytischen Beschichtungen zum Beispiel für selbstreinigende Oberflächen eingesetzt, was sich in einem Ein‐Schritt‐Verfahren realisieren ließ. Zudem konnte eine photokatalytisch speziell aktive Größenklasse mit Durchmessern zwischen 10 und 15 nm identifiziert werden.
Oxidative Status, Inflammation, and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation With Metoprolol vs Carvedilol or Carvedilol Plus N‐Acetyl Cysteine Treatment
Authors: Ozaydin Mehmet , Peker Oktay , Erdogan Dogan , Akcay Selahaddin , Yucel Habil , Icli Atilla , Ceyhan Betul M. , Sutcu Recep , Uysal Bayram A. , Varol Ercan , Dogan Abdullah , Okutan Huseyin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.HypothesisCarvedilol and N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) combination decreases inflammation, oxidative stress, and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) rates more than metoprolol or carvedilol.MethodsPreoperative and postoperative total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and white blood cells (WBC) were measured in metoprolol, carvedilol, or carvedilol plus NAC groups, and association with POAF was evaluated.ResultsPreoperative TAC, TOS, and WBC levels were similar among the groups. Postoperative TAC levels were lower in the metoprolol group compared with the carvedilol group (1.0 vs 1.4) or the carvedilol plus NAC group (1.0 vs 1.9) and were also lower in the carvedilol group compared with the carvedilol plus NAC group (all P < 0.0001). Postoperative TOS levels were higher in the metoprolol group as compared with the carvedilol (29.6 vs 24.2; P < 0.0001) or the carvedilol plus NAC groups (P < 0.0001), and were also higher in the carvedilol group as compared with the carvedilol plus NAC group (24.2 vs 19.3; P < 0.0001). Postoperative WBC counts were lower in the carvedilol plus NAC group compared with the metoprolol group (12.9 vs 14.8; P = 0.004), were similar between the carvedilol and the metoprolol groups (13 vs 14.8) and between the carvedilol plus NAC group and the carvedilol group (both P > 0.05). Postoperative TAC, TOS, and WBC were associated with POAF.ConclusionsCarvedilol plus NAC reduced oxidative stress and inflammation compared with metoprolol and decreased oxidative stress compared with carvedilol. Postoperative TAC, TOS, and WBC were associated with POAF.
Regional Variation Across the United States in Management and Outcomes of ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Analysis of the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Kolte Dhaval , Khera Sahil , Aronow Wilbert S. , Mujib Marjan , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Ahmed Ali , Frishman William H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundRegional differences in the treatment and outcomes of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within the United States remain poorly understood.HypothesisTreatment choice and outcomes in patients with STEMI differ between regions within the United States.MethodsWe used the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients age ≥40 years hospitalized with STEMI. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to region: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify differences in treatment choice and outcomes (in‐hospital mortality, acute stroke, and cardiogenic shock) among the 4 regions.ResultsOf 1 990 486 patients age ≥40 years with STEMI, 350 073 (17.6%) were hospitalized in the Northeast, 483 323 (24.3%) in the Midwest, 784 869 (39.4%) in the South, and 372 222 (18.7%) in the West. Compared with the Northeast, patients in the Midwest, South, and West were less likely to receive medical therapy alone and more likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. Risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality was higher in the Midwest (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05‐1.09, P <0.001), South (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.05, P = 0.001), and West (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.08, P <0.001), as compared with the Northeast. When adjusted further for regional variation in treatment selection, risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality was even higher in the Midwest, West, and South.ConclusionsDespite higher reperfusion and revascularization rates, STEMI patients in the Midwest, West, and South have paradoxically higher risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality as compared with patients in the Northeast.
Evaluation of plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA load to distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients from healthy high‐risk populations in Southern China
Authors: Ji Ming‐Fang , Huang Qi‐Hong , Yu Xia , Liu Zhiwei , Li Xinghua , Zhang Li‐Fang , Wang Panpan , Xie Shang‐Hang , Rao Hui‐Lan , Fang Fang , Guo Xiang , Liu Qing , Hong Ming‐Huang , Ye Weimin , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Cao Su‐Mei 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDThe utility of circulating Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV) DNA as a tumor marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) detection suggests that it might improve the diagnostic performance of anti‐EBV antibody markers in NPC screening. In this study, the authors evaluated whether circulating EBV DNA load is capable of distinguishing NPC patients from high‐risk individuals who have positive anti‐EBV antibodies.METHODSIn a population‐based NPC screening trial in Sihui City and Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China, the authors previously identified 862 high‐risk participants with 2 screening markers, immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to EBV capsid antigen (VCA/IgA) and nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA1/IgA). In the current study, real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the baseline plasma EBV DNA load among 825 participants (97%). Follow‐up was extended to the end of 2011 to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive values of plasma EBV DNA load.RESULTSBy using 0 copies/mL as the cutoff value, plasma EBV DNA had a sensitivity of 86.8% (33 of 38 patients) for NPC detected within the first year of follow‐up, yielding a positive predictive value of 30% (33 of 110 participants) and a negative predictive value of 99.3% (696 of 701 participants). The patients who had early stage NPC had lower sensitivity (81.5%; 22 of 27 patients) than those who had advanced NPC (100%; 11 of 11 patients). For the 14 patients who had NPC detected after 1 year of follow‐up, only 50% (7 of 14 patients) tested positive for EBV DNA at baseline.CONCLUSIONSThe plasma EBV DNA load may improve the accuracy of diagnosing NPC in high‐risk individuals, but it appears to have limited value in screening patients who have early stage NPC and predicting NPC development. Cancer 2014;120:1353–1360. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Isthmic‐vaginal smear cytology in the follow‐up after radical vaginal trachelectomy for early stage cervical cancer: Is it safe?
Authors: Lanowska Malgorzata , Mangler Mandy , Grittner Ulrike , Akbar Gerta Rose , Speiser Dorothee , von Tucher Elisabeth , Köhler Christhardt , Schneider Achim , Kühn Wolfgang 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDIsthmic‐vaginal cytology is a follow‐up method in patients who have undergone radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) for early cervical cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding its ability to monitor patients and diagnose disease recurrence. Herein, the authors report their experience with cytology after RVT compared with cytology in patients after cone biopsy and women undergoing screening.METHODSA database of 563 specimens from 303 patients was analyzed retrospectively (RVT in 361 specimens, conization in 102 specimens, and screening in 100 specimens). The following criteria were applied: Bethesda system, the presence of endocervical and metaplasia cells, regeneration criteria, vaginal flora, and morphological signs of human papillomavirus. The analysis was performed by 2 cytopathologists. Differences between the groups and correlation between the cytopathologists were analyzed.RESULTSSmears without endocervical and metaplasia cells were significantly less frequent among the patients who underwent RVT. There was no difference in regeneration signs, vaginal flora, and morphologic signs of human papillomavirus between the groups. After RVT, 26/23 smears (cytopathologist 1/cytopathologist 2) smears were diagnosed as abnormal. Biopsies revealed 7 cases of dysplasia and 1 case of disease recurrence. After conization, 1 patient was diagnosed with a low‐grade lesion on cytology; follow‐up cytology was normal. In the screening, 10/13 smears were diagnosed with lesions on cytology; biopsy revealed dysplasia in 2 cases. The correlation between both cytopathologists was high.CONCLUSIONSAfter RVT, histological verification of cytology is frequently needed. The reasons might include alterations of anatomy, regeneration, and inflammation process after RVT. Cytopathologists should become familiar with the spectrum of changes in post‐RVT cytology and communication between cytopathologists and clinicians should be improved. This might reduce false‐positive results. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:349–358. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Restoration of quinine‐stimulated fos‐immunoreactive neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala and gustatory cortex following reinnervation or cross‐reinnervation of the lingual taste nerves in rats
Authors: King Camille Tessitore , Garcea Mircea , Spector Alan C. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTRemarkably, when lingual gustatory nerves are surgically rerouted to inappropriate taste fields in the tongue, some taste functions recover. We previously demonstrated that quinine‐stimulated oromotor rejection reflexes and neural activity (assessed by Fos immunoreactivity) in subregions of hindbrain gustatory nuclei were restored if the posterior tongue, which contains receptor cells that respond strongly to bitter compounds, was cross‐reinnervated by the chorda tympani nerve. Such functional recovery was not seen if instead, the anterior tongue, where receptor cells are less responsive to bitter compounds, was cross‐reinnervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve, even though this nerve typically responds robustly to bitter substances. Thus, recovery depended more on the taste field being reinnervated than on the nerve itself. Here, the distribution of quinine‐stimulated Fos‐immunoreactive neurons in two taste‐associated forebrain areas was examined in these same rats. In the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a rostrocaudal gradient characterized the normal quinine‐stimulated Fos response, with the greatest number of labeled cells situated rostrally. Quinine‐stimulated neurons were found throughout the gustatory cortex, but a “hot spot” was observed in its anterior–posterior center in subregions approximating the dysgranular/agranular layers. Fos neurons here and in the rostral CeA were highly correlated with quinine‐elicited gapes. Denervation of the posterior tongue eliminated, and its reinnervation by either nerve restored, numbers of quinine‐stimulated labeled cells in the rostralmost CeA and in the subregion approximating the dysgranular gustatory cortex. These results underscore the remarkable plasticity of the gustatory system and also help clarify the functional anatomy of neural circuits activated by bitter taste stimulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2498–2517, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis
Authors: Vallejo Deborah , Habib Mohamed R. , Delgado Nadia , Vaasjo Lee O. , Croll Roger P. , Miller Mark W. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPlanorbid snails of the genus Biomphalaria are major intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Evidence suggests that levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are reduced during the course of S. mansoni multiplication and transformation within the snail. This investigation used immunohistochemical methods to localize tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, in the nervous system of Biomphalaria. The two species examined, Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, are the major intermediate hosts for S. mansoni in sub‐Saharan Africa, where more than 90% of global cases of human intestinal schistosomiasis occur. TH‐like immunoreactive (THli) neurons were distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and labeled fibers were present in all commissures, connectives, and nerves. Some asymmetries were observed, including a large distinctive neuron (LPeD1) in the pedal ganglion described previously in several pulmonates. The majority of TH‐like immunoreactive neurons were detected in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), especially in lip and foot regions of the anterior integument. Independent observations supporting the dopaminergic phenotype of THli neurons included 1) block of LPeD1 synaptic signaling by the D2/3 antagonist sulpiride, and 2) the similar localization of aqueous aldehyde (FaGlu)‐induced fluorescence. The distribution of THli neurons indicates that, as in other gastropods, dopamine functions as a sensory neurotransmitter and in the regulation of feeding and reproductive behaviors in Biomphalaria. It is hypothesized that infection could stimulate transmitter release from dopaminergic sensory neurons and that dopaminergic signaling could contribute to modifications of both host and parasite behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2532–2552, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DSCAM localization and function at the mouse cone synapse
Authors: de Andrade Gabriel Belem , Long Samuel S. , Fleming Harrison , Li Wei , Fuerst Peter G. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is required for regulation of cell number, soma spacing, and cell type–specific dendrite avoidance in many types of retinal ganglion and amacrine cells. In this study we assay the organization of cells making up the outer plexiform layer of the retina in the absence of Dscam. Some types of OFF bipolar cells, type 3b and type 4 bipolar cells, had defects in dendrite arborization in the Dscam mutant retina, whereas other cell types appeared similar to wild type. The cone synapses that these cells project their dendrites to were intact, as visualized by electron microscopy, and had a distribution and density that was not significantly different from that of wild type. The spacing of type 3b bipolar cell dendrites was further analyzed by Voronoi domain analysis, density recovery profiling (DRP) analysis, and nearest neighbor analysis. Spacing was found to be significantly different when wild‐type and mutant type 3b bipolar cell dendrites were compared. Defects in arborization of these bipolar cells could not be attributed to the disorganization of inner plexiform layer cells that occurs in the Dscam mutant retina or an increase in cell number, as they arborized when Dscam was targeted in retinal ganglion cells only or in the bax null retina. Localization of DSCAM was assayed and the protein was localized near to cone synapses in mouse, macaque, and ground squirrel retinas. DSCAM protein was detected in several types of bipolar cells, including type 3b and type 4 bipolar cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2609–2633, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silole‐Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Films as Effective Fluorescence Sensor for Fe3+ and Hg2+
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Li Xiangdong , Gao Loujun , Qiu Jianhua , Heng Liping , Tang Ben Zhong , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe develop a highly effective silole‐infiltrated photonic crystal (PC) film fluorescence sensor with high sensitivity, good selectivity and excellent reproducibility for Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions. Hexaphenylsilole (HPS) infiltrated PCs show amplified fluorescence due to the slow photon effect of PC because the emission wavelength of HPS is at the blue band edge of the selected PC’s stopband. The fluorescence can be quenched significantly by Fe3+/Hg2+ ions owing to electron transfer between HPS and metal ions. The amplified fluorescence enhances the sensitivity of detection, with a detection limit of 5 nM for Fe3+/Hg2+ ions. The sensor is negligibly responsive to other metal ions and can easily be reproduced by rinsing with pure water due to the special surface wettability of PC. As a result, a highly effective Fe3+/Hg2+ ions sensor based on HPS‐infiltrated PC film has been achieved, which will be important for effective and practical detection of heavy metal ions.
Quantification of 3‐Monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol Esters in Edible Oils by Large‐Volume Injection Coupled to Comprehensive Gas Chromatography–Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: de Koning Sjaak 
Published: January 2014

Abstract3‐Monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) esters are a group of process contaminants formed during the refining of edible oils and fats. A method for the determination of 3‐MCPD esters in such oils and fats based on large‐volume injection–comprehensive gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LVI–GC×GC–ToF MS) is presented. The simplified method for sample preparation consists of alkaline hydrolysis followed by extraction of 3‐MCPD from the lipid matrix and derivatization using phenylboronic acid. The limit of detection was 0.8 μg kg−1, reported as free 3‐MCPD. The repeatability was better than 2.7 % relative standard deviation for levels around 0.5 μg g−1 3‐MCPD. The GC×GC–ToF MS system was shown to be stable over 100 analyses.