bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are baby hammocks safe for sleeping babies? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chiu Karen , Tonkin Shirley L. , Gunn Alistair J. , McIntosh Christine C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTwo reports of infants found dead after sleeping in baby hammocks have raised international concern about the safety of infant hammocks. We therefore tested whether hammock sleep affected oxygenation in infants, when they were at an age of high risk of sudden, unexpected infant death.MethodsHealthy, full‐term 4‐ to 8‐week‐old infants were randomised to sleep either in a commercially available hammock (n = 14) or a standard bassinet (n = 9), and sleep state, oxygen desaturation (a fall in peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥ 4%, for ≥ 4 sec from baseline to nadir), apnoea and hypopnoea, and mean SpO2 were analysed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in mean SpO2 (both 98.5%) or rate of oxygen desaturation events between the hammock and the bassinet cot (mean ± SD, 24 ± 20 vs. 28 ± 23 events per hour), but infants slept less in the hammock (59 ± 31 vs. 81 ± 34 min, p < 0.02).ConclusionWhen correctly used, the hammock sleep position did not compromise the upper airway of sleeping infants. The significance of shorter duration of sleep in the hammocks is unclear. These findings should not be applied to all baby hammocks, nor to older babies, particularly once the infant can roll. Given that it is not possible to predict when an infant will be able to roll, we strongly recommend that hammocks should not be used for unsupervised sleep.
Carbonate apatite nephrolithiasis associated withCorynebacterium urealyticumurinary tract infection in a dog
Authors: Fleischhacker SN , Horstmann C , Hartmann K , Schubert S , Dorsch R 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundUrinary tract infections caused byCorynebacterium urealyticumare uncommon in veterinary medicine. Encrusted cystitis, encrusted pyelitis and uroliths have been described as complications in humans, but only encrusted cystitis and cystoliths have been reported in dogs so far. BecauseC. urealyticumis usually resistant to all standard antibacterial drugs, antimicrobial treatment and elimination of this microorganism are challenging.Case reportAn 11‐month‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog was evaluated because of aC. urealyticumurinary tract infection, mineralisation within both renal pelvises and failure of antimicrobial treatment. Physical examination, haematology and biochemistry were unremarkable. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations confirmed bilateral nephrolithiasis. Voided uroliths were composed of 100% carbonate apatite. Urinalysis was indicative of bacterial infection. Aerobic culture of the urine and 16SrRNAsequencing identified significant growth ofC. urealyticumand susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to only vancomycin and linezolid.ConclusionTreatment with the oxazolidinone antibacterial, linezolid, in combination with a urine‐acidifying diet resulted in elimination of this multiresistant microorganism and complete resolution of nephrolithiasis.
PI3K‐dependent multiple myeloma cell survival is mediated by the PIK3CA isoform
Authors: Hofmann Claudia , Stühmer Thorsten , Schmiedl Nadine , Wetzker Reinhard , Mottok Anja , Rosenwald Andreas , Langer Christian , Zovko Josip , Chatterjee Manik , Einsele Hermann , Bargou Ralf C. , Steinbrunn Torsten 
Published: April 2014

SummaryConstitutive phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signalling has been implicated in multiple myeloma (MM) pathophysiology and is regarded as an actionable target for pharmacological intervention. Isoform‐specific PI3K inhibition may offer the most focused treatment approach and could result in greater clinical efficacy and reduced side effects. We therefore performed isoform‐specific knockdown of PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, and PIK3CG to analyse their individual contributions to MM cell survival and downstream signalling. In addition, we tested the effectivity of the novel PI3K isoform‐specific inhibitors BYL‐719 (PIK3CA), TGX‐221 (PIK3CB), CAL‐101 (PIK3CD), and CAY10505 (PIK3CG). We found the PIK3CA isoform to be of paramount importance for constitutive Akt activity in MM cells, and – in contrast to inhibition of other class I isoforms – only the blockade of PIK3CA was sufficient to induce cell death in a sizeable subgroup of MM samples. Furthermore, pharmacological PIK3CA inhibition in combination treatments of BYL‐719 and established anti‐myeloma agents resulted in strongly enhanced MM cell death. Our data thus clearly indicate therapeutic potential of PIK3CA inhibitors and support their clinical evaluation in multiple myeloma.
Behavioral and Social Structure Effects on Seed Dispersal Curves of a Forest‐Interior Bulbul (Pycnonotidae) in a Tropical Evergreen Forest
Authors: Khamcha Daphawan , Savini Tommaso , Westcott David A. , McKeown Adam , Brockelman Warren Y. , Chimchome Vijak , Gale George A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMovement patterns of animals can vary dramatically as a function of their reproductive cycle or social structure; however, little is known about how changes in the social structure of dispersers affect patterns of seed dispersal. We examined the movement patterns of the forest‐dwelling and cooperatively breeding Puff‐throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus) in relation to different stages of their reproductive cycle, time of day, and group size, to determine potential impacts on the shape and scale of dispersal curves generated using a combination of gut passage time and displacement distance data. There were significant differences in dispersal distances depending on group size, season (breeding, non‐breeding), incubation (vs. other times of the year), and time of the day. The estimated median seed dispersal distance was 28 m. The median dispersal distances produced by birds in larger groups were longer than those of smaller groups (29 m vs. 25 m). During the breeding season, median dispersal distances were longer than during the non‐breeding season (31 m vs. 25 m), but the median dispersal distances were significantly shorter during incubation than during outside incubation (24 m vs. 28 m). The median dispersal distance produced in the early morning (30 m) was also longer than that of other times of the day (23 m late morning, 28 m early afternoon, and 26 m late afternoon). This study suggests that various aspects of an animal's behavior are likely to have significant effects on seed shadows and that this may vary significantly even among individuals of the same species.
Stratification in French Guiana: Cerambycid Beetles Go Up When Rains Come Down
Authors: Lee Christina J. , Baxt Alec , Castillo Suzette , Berkov Amy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhen tropical rain forest insect species are associated with a particular season or forest stratum, it can imply tolerance for heat and drought—or moisture dependence; attributes that may predict their responses to global climate change. In French Guiana (1995–1996), wood‐boring cerambycid beetles made a seasonal shift in stratum. During the dry season, ground stratum bait branches were densely colonized, but during the rainy season almost all cerambycids emerged from canopy stratum branches. Because the same substrate was available at both levels, abiotic factors probably influenced branch selection. In this study, cerambycids were reared at the same site (2007–2008) to determine if the seasonal shift recurred. Microclimate data (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) were collected with portable weather meters to test the hypothesis that microclimate would be similar at ground stratum during the dry season, and at canopy stratum during the rainy season. The seasonal shift in stratum did recur; many cerambycid individuals (56%) belonged to species classified as ‘seasonal shifters’. Temperatures in the preferred microhabitats were intermediate, but relative humidity remained high during the rainy season (regardless of stratum) and it was windier in the canopy (regardless of season). The shifters preferentially colonized branches at moderate mean temperatures (23.0–24.3°C) and high mean relative humidities (91.3–100%). Shifters were considered season and stratum generalists because they were reared at both strata and were present in both seasons, but they may actually track a narrow microclimate window. Should the regional climate become warmer and drier, it would probably favor species currently restricted to the dry season or canopy stratum.
Phyllostomid Bat Assemblage Structure in Amazonian Flooded and Unflooded Forests
Authors: Bobrowiec Paulo Estefano D. , Rosa Leonardo dos Santos , Gazarini Janaina , Haugaasen Torbjørn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn Amazonia, the assemblages of several taxa differ significantly between upland terra firme and white‐water flooded várzea forests, but little is known about the diversity and distribution of bats in these two forest types. We compare the spatio‐temporal patterns of bat assemblage composition and structure in adjacent terra firme and várzea forests in the lower Purus River region of central Brazilian Amazonia. Bats were sampled using mist nets at five sites in each forest type during 40 nights (2400 net‐hours). We captured 1069 bats representing 42 species and Phyllostomidae bats comprised 99.3 percent of all captures. The bat assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests were significantly different, mainly due to a marked dissimilarity in species composition and in the number of captures during high‐water season. In addition, bat assemblages within forest types differed significantly between seasons for both terra firme and várzea. Frugivores dominated the bat assemblages in both forest types. Overall guild structure did not change between várzea and terra firme or between seasons, but frugivore and animalivore abundance increased significantly in várzea forest during the inundation. The difference in assemblage structure observed in the high‐water season is probably caused by the annual várzea flooding, which provides an effective barrier to the persistence of many understory bats. We also hypothesize that some bat species may undertake seasonal movements between forest types in response to fruit abundance, and our results further underline the importance of floodplain habitats for the conservation of species in the Amazon.
Genetic risk factors for the development of allergic disease identified by genome‐wide association
Authors: Portelli M. A. , Hodge E. , Sayers I. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAn increasing proportion of the worldwide population is affected by allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic asthma and improved treatment options are needed particularly for severe, refractory disease. Allergic diseases are complex and development involves both environmental and genetic factors. Although the existence of a genetic component for allergy was first described almost 100 years ago, progress in gene identification has been hindered by lack of high throughput technologies to investigate genetic variation in large numbers of subjects. The development of Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS), a hypothesis‐free method of interrogating large numbers of common variants spanning the entire genome in disease and non‐disease subjects has revolutionised our understanding of the genetics of allergic disease. Susceptibility genes for asthma, AR and AD have now been identified with confidence, suggesting there are common and distinct genetic loci associated with these diseases, providing novel insights into potential disease pathways and mechanisms. Genes involved in both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms have been identified, notably including multiple genes involved in epithelial function/secretion, suggesting that the airway epithelium may be particularly important in asthma. Interestingly, concordance/discordance between the genetic factors driving allergic traits such as IgE levels and disease states such as asthma have further supported the accumulating evidence for heterogeneity in these diseases. While GWAS have been useful and continue to identify novel genes for allergic diseases through increased sample sizes and phenotype refinement, future approaches will integrate analyses of rare variants, epigenetic mechanisms and eQTL approaches, leading to greater insight into the genetic basis of these diseases. Gene identification will improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and generate potential therapeutic opportunities.
A comparative analysis of symptom and medication scoring methods used in clinical trials of sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Calderon M. A. , Bernstein D. I. , Blaiss M. , Andersen J. S. , Nolte H. 
Published: April 2014

SummarySymptom and medication use are the key outcomes for assessing the efficacy of subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT). Our objective was to explore the similarities and differences between existing scoring mechanisms used in clinical trials of SLIT for seasonal allergens and characterize the impact that such differences may have on efficacy reporting. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of SLIT for seasonal allergic rhinitis (2009–2013) were selected for review. Simulated and published data were used to demonstrate differences in scoring methods. Symptom and medication scoring methods across trials, although all designed to achieve the same objective, included important differences. The maximum daily symptom score (DSS) can vary widely depending on the number of symptoms assessed, and terminology of symptoms is not consistent. Similarly, daily medication scoring (DMS) methods differ greatly among studies and are dependent on medications allowed and weighting of scores assigned to each medication. When published DSS and DMS scores were used to calculate simulated daily combined scores (DCSs) based on various published methods, changes from placebo ranged from 19% to 29% when assuming all variables other than the DSS and DMS methods were equal. Variations in trial design, analysis, and seasonal characteristics also have effects on symptom and medication scoring outcomes. We identified multiple differences in trial scoring methods and design that make comparison among trials difficult. Symptom, medication, or combined scores cannot be indirectly compared among trials without taking the methods of scoring and other trial differences into account.
Defining and managing risk in asthma
Authors: Blakey J. D. , Zaidi S. , Shaw D. E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAsthma attacks are a major global source of morbidity and cost. The incidence and impact of asthma attacks have not improved despite widespread adoption of effective universal treatment guidelines. Consequently, there is increasing interest in managing asthma based on specific assessments of both current symptoms and future risk. In this review, we consider ‘risk’ in asthma, and how it might be assessed from the patient's history and objective measurements. We also discuss the potential for encouraging shared decision‐making and improving medical consensus through explicit communication of risk and highlight the potential opportunities and challenges in risk assessment to improve asthma management through individualised treatment strategies.
ATP4A autoimmunity and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Chobot A , Wenzlau J , Bak-Drabik K , Kwiecien J , Polanska J , Rewers M 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Persistent presence of ATP4A autoantibodies (ATP4AA) directed towards parietal cells is typical for atrophic body gastritis (ABG), an autoimmune disease associated with type 1 diabetes. We assessed whether Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection might be associated with positivity for ATP4AA in children with type 1 diabetes. Sera were collected from 70 (38♀) type 1 diabetes children [aged 13·2 ± 4·5 years, age at diagnosis 8·8 ± 4·3 years, diabetes duration 4·5 ± 3·8 years, mean HbA1c 7·8 ± 1·6% (62 ± 17·5 mmol/mol)] seen at the regional diabetes clinic in Katowice, Poland. Patients were tested concurrently for Hp infection by means of a 13C urea breath test. ATP4AA were measured using a novel radioimmunoprecipitation assay developed at the Barbara Davies Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado. ATP4AA were present in 21 [30%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 19–41%] and Hp infection was detected in 23 (33%, 95% CI = 22–44%) children. There was no statistically significant association between ATP4AA presence and Hp status. ATP4AA presence was not associated with current age, age at type 1 diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration or current HbA1c. ATP4AA were more prevalent in females [42% (26–58%)] than males [16% (3–28%)], P = 0·016. ATP4A are found in nearly one-third of children with type 1 diabetes and more common among females. In this cross-sectional analysis, Hp infection was not associated with autoimmunity against parietal cells.
Critical size defects for bone regeneration experiments in rabbit calvariae: systematic review and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines
Authors: Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo perform a systematic review of studies that report the healing of critical size defects (CSDs) in rabbit calvaria and to determine the quality of the studies according to ARRIVE guidelines.Materials and methodsAn Internet search was made in duplicate between December 2011 and August 2013 using MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar (without restrictions on date of publication) for rabbit studies reporting the healing of CSD in the calvaria. Animal Research Reporting in Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines (a list of 20 aspects to score and to ensure comparison between different experimental studies in animals) were used to evaluate the quality of the selected works.ResultsTwenty‐five manuscripts were evaluated. Case–control studies predominated (92.59%). Animal age was not stated in 70.37% of the studies; weight was not reported in 29.62%; most animals weighed 3.5 kg (26.31%). A CSD dimension of 15 mm was common (51.61%), generally located centrally (51.85%), followed by bilateral locations (48.14%). Circular (66.66%), rectangular (14.81%), square (14.81%) and ovoid (1.48%) geometries were used. Histomorphometric data showed incomplete healing in all CSDs and higher percentages of healing in smaller defects (<10 mm). The longer the healing time allowed, the more bone healing took place, for both smaller and larger defects (>15 mm). Minimum quality grades were assigned to ARRIVE items study design (6), experimental animals (8), housing and husbandry (9), sample size (10), allocation (11), statistics (13), results‐baseline data (14), numbers analyzed (15), adverse events (17) and funding (20).ConclusionsData on CSDs in rabbit calvariae lack homogeneity. Smaller defects can be considered critical depending on the time of sacrifice. When new diagnostic technologies are used in addition to histomorphometry, these should be applied with caution to facilitate future comparison with other research. The ARRIVE guidelines should be followed in any animal research protocol to improve the homogeneity, comparison and reproducibility between studies.
Does the addition of targeted biological agents to first‐line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer increase complete response? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qi W.‐X. , Shen Z. , Tang L.‐N. , Yao Y. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe study assessed whether the addition of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to first‐line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) increases the complete response (CR) compared with controls.MethodPubMed was reviewed for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with approved MoAbs (bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab) vs non‐MoAbs as first‐line therapy for patients with advanced CRC. The incidence and ratio of CR events were calculated in patients assigned to MoAbs compared with controls.ResultsA total of 3790 patients from nine RCTs were included for analysis. The overall incidence of CR in patients treated with MoAbs was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.7–3.3%) compared with 1.3% (95% CI: 0.8–2.2%) in controls. Comparison of the different types of MoAbs showed that the incidence of CR was higher for bevacizumab (3.1%, 95% CI: 2.1–4.3%) than for cetuximab (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.4–1.8%). The addition of MoAbs to chemotherapy significantly increased the OR of obtaining a CR compared with controls (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.12–3.46; P = 0.02). No significant differences in the OR were observed in any of the subgroups.ConclusionThe CR is a rare event in advanced CRC; however, the addition of MoAbs to first‐line chemotherapy significantly increases the curative rate of metastatic disease compared with controls.
No increase in colorectal cancer in patients under 50 years of age: a Victorian experience from the last decade
Authors: Sia C. S. , Paul E. , Wale R. J. , Lynch A. C. , Heriot A. G. , Warrier S. K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe study aimed to assess whether there has been an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among young patients in Victoria and whether such cancers are more advanced at presentation.MethodThe Victorian Cancer registry database was searched for patients, 18–50 years of age, diagnosed with CRC [young colorectal cancer (YCRC)] between 2000 and 2010. Average annual percentage changes and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to characterize trends in CRC rates over time and to make comparisons with patients over 50 years of age with CRC [late colorectal cancer (LCRC)].ResultsOf 37432 CRCs registered during the study period, 2635 (7%) were in YCRC patients (annual increase in incidence = 1.7%; 95% CI: 0.5–2.9), compared with 34797 (93%) in LCRC patients (annual increase in incidence = 1.3%; 95% CI: 0.9–1.6). A small, nonsignificant increase in the incidence of YCRC over time was observed [IRR = 1.004 (95% CI: 0.992–1.016) for YCRC vs 0.989 (95% CI: 0.986–0.992) for LCRC]. Rectal cancer was more common in YCRC patients than in LCRC patients (42% vs 34%, respectively; P < 0.0001). The cancer would have been seen on flexible sigmoidoscopy in 63% of YCRC patients compared with 53.6% of LCRC patients (P < 0.0001). YCRC patients were more likely to have node‐positive disease (49.3% YCRC patients vs 40% LCRC patients; P < 0.0001), especially those with colonic cancer (52.7% YCRC patients vs 41.2% LCRC patients; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThere has been an increase in incident cases of YCRC. A small, nonsignificant increase in the incidence of YCRC over time was observed. Young patients are more likely to have rectal cancer and to be node positive.