bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaspin prevents methylglyoxal‐induced apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation
Authors: Phalitakul S. , Okada M. , Hara Y. , Yamawaki H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimVaspin (visceral adipose tissue‐derived serine protease inhibitor) is a novel adipocytokine found in visceral white adipose tissues of obese type 2 diabetic rats. We have previously shown that vaspin has anti‐inflammatory and antimigratory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an active metabolite of glucose and mediates diabetic vascular complications including endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Nonetheless, effects of vaspin on MGO‐induced apoptosis of vascular EC remain to be determined. We investigated the effects of vaspin on MGO‐induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs).MethodsHuman umbilical vein ECs were treated with MGO (560 μm, 12 h) in the absence or presence of vaspin (1 ng mL−1, pre‐treatment for 2 h). Cell death was evaluated by a cell counting assay. Apoptosis was determined by a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Cleaved caspase‐3 expression was determined by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was fluorometrically measured using 2′, 7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was determined by a lucigenin assay.ResultsVaspin significantly inhibited MGO‐induced HUVEC death. Vaspin significantly attenuated MGO‐increased TUNEL‐positive ECs. Moreover, vaspin significantly inhibited MGO‐induced caspase‐3 cleavage. Vaspin significantly inhibited MGO‐induced ROS generation as well as NOX activation.ConclusionsThe present results for the first time demonstrate that vaspin inhibits MGO‐induced EC apoptosis by preventing caspase‐3 activation via the inhibition of NOX‐derived ROS generation.
Vaginal discharge in a spayed dog with multiple distinct malignancies
Authors: Christensen NI , Brain PH , Langova V , Flory AB 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAn 11‐year‐old female spayedLabradorRetriever was presented with clinical signs of oestrus and vaginal bleeding. Historically, the dog had not cycled and had been spayed at less than 6 months of age.ResultsExtensive investigation culminated in the diagnosis of an ovarian granulosa cell tumour. The patient had a history of localised grade III mast cell tumour 5 years prior and hepatic haemangiosarcoma 8 months prior to diagnosis.ConclusionsBoth conditions were successfully treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy and there was no evidence of metastasis or recurrence at the time of evaluation for signs of oestrus.
Not intending but somewhat willing: The influence of visual primes on risky sex decisions
Authors: Roberts Megan E. , Gibbons Frederick X. , Kingsbury John H. , Gerrard Meg 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThis article investigates a potential mechanism underlying the ‘sexually conservative puzzle’ (the scenario where people reporting little to no casual sex intentions nevertheless go on to engage in casual sex).MethodsIn two experiments, we tested whether people reporting no behavioural intentions (BI) for casual sex were nevertheless more responsive to risk‐conducive cues, when compared to those with some BI. Responsiveness to cues was assessed in terms of increases in behavioural willingness (BW) for casual sex.ResultsIn Study 1, subliminal priming of sexual images (vs. control images) increased the casual sex BW of male undergraduates, but only among those who had previously reported no BI for casual sex in a baseline survey. In Study 2, these results were replicated using supraliminal priming with a more diverse online sample; effects were not moderated by age, education, or relationship status.ConclusionsOverall, these findings suggest that although sexually conservative people often do not plan on having sex (i.e., they have no BI), for some, their reactive, context‐sensitive decision‐making (i.e., their BW) can be swayed in the presence of risk‐conducive cues.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

The sexually conservative puzzle occurs when those with low casual sex intentions go on to have casual sex.
When experience for a health‐risk behaviour is low, behavioural willingness (BW) tends to predict better than behavioural intentions (BI).
Risk‐inductive cues can increase risk cognitions and behaviour, but there are important individual differences.
What does this study add?

Among men with low BI for casual sex at baseline, sexual primes increased casual sex BW.
It appears that more sexually conservative men are more swayed by sexual cues.
Results highlight an interesting and rather unsuspected group of at‐risk individuals.
Using quantitative wastewater analysis to measure daily usage of conventional and emerging illicit drugs at an annual music festival
Authors: Lai Foon Yin , Thai Phong K. , O'Brien Jake , Gartner Coral , Bruno Raimondo , Kele Benjamin , Ort Christoph , Prichard Jeremy , Kirkbride Paul , Hall Wayne , Carter Steve , Mueller Jochen F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWastewater analysis provides a non‐intrusive way of measuring drug use within a population. We used this approach to determine daily use of conventional illicit drugs [cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] and emerging illicit psychostimulants (benzylpiperazine, mephedrone and methylone) in two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) at an annual music festival.Design and MethodsDaily composite wastewater samples, representative of the festival, were collected from the on‐site wastewater treatment plant and analysed for drug metabolites. Data over 2 years were compared using Wilcoxon matched‐pair test. Data from 2010 festival were compared with data collected at the same time from a nearby urban community using equivalent methods.ResultsConventional illicit drugs were detected in all samples whereas emerging illicit psychostimulants were found only on specific days. The estimated per capita consumption ofMDMA, cocaine and cannabis was similar between the two festival years. Statistically significant (P < 0.05;Z = −2.0–2.2) decreases were observed in use of methamphetamine and one emerging illicit psychostimulant (benzyl piperazine). Only consumption ofMDMAwas elevated at the festival compared with the nearby urban community.Discussion and ConclusionsRates of substance use at this festival remained relatively consistent over two monitoring years. Compared with the urban community, drug use among festival goers was only elevated forMDMA, confirming its popularity in music settings. Our study demonstrated that wastewater analysis can objectively capture changes in substance use at a music setting without raising major ethical issues. It would potentially allow effective assessments of drug prevention strategies in such settings in the future.[Lai FY, Thai PK, O'Brien J, Gartner C, Bruno R, Kele B, Ort C, Prichard J, Kirkbride P, Hall W, Carter S, Mueller JF. Using quantitative wastewater analysis to measure daily usage of conventional and emerging illicit drugs at an annual music festival. Drug Alcohol Rev2013;32:594–602]
Effect of phytic acid used as etchant on bond strength, smear layer, and pulpal cells
Authors: Nassar Mohannad , Hiraishi Noriko , Islam Md. Sofiqul , Aizawa Mamoru , Tamura Yukihiko , Otsuki Masayuki , Kasugai Shohei , Ohya Keiichi , Tagami Junji 
Published: June 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phytic acid (IP6), used as etchant, on resin–dentin bond strength, smear layer removal, and the viability of pulpal cells. Flat dentin surfaces with smear layer were etched with 1% IP6 for 60, 30, or 15 s; in the control group 37% phosphoric acid (PA) was used. Dentin surfaces were rinsed, blot‐dried, and bonded with an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive, followed by composite build‐ups. The specimens were subjected to tensile testing after 24 h of water storage at 37°C, and failure modes were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The effectiveness of IP6 to remove the smear layer was observed using scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the effect on pulpal cells, solutions of 0.1 and 0.01% IP6 and of 3.7 and 0.37% PA were prepared and rat pulpal cells were treated with these solutions for 6 and 24 h. Cell viability was measured using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results demonstrated that all application times of IP6 produced bond‐strength values that were significantly higher than that of the control. Phytic acid effectively removed the smear layer and plugs, thus exposing the collagen network. Phytic acid had a minimal effect on pulpal cells, whereas PA resulted in a marked decrease in their viability.
Effect of notch on fatigue behaviour of a directionally solidified superalloy at high temperature
Authors: Shi D. Q. , Hu X. A. , Wang J. K. , Yu H. C. , Yang X. G. , Huang J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of notch types and stress concentration factors (Kt) on low cycle fatigue life and cracking of the DZ125 directionally solidified superalloy has been experimentally investigated. Single‐edge notched specimens with V and U type geometries were tested at 850 °C with stress ratio R = 0.1. High temperature in situ optical method was used to observe crack initiation and short crack propagation. Scanning electron microscope observation of fracture was used to analyse the failure mechanism. The results reveal that fatigue resistance decreases with Kt increasing from 1.76 to 4.35. The ratcheting is found to be affected by both Kt and the nominal stress from the displacement–force curve. In situ observations indicate that the cracking does not occur at the notch apex but at the location where the max principal stress or Hill's stress is the highest. According to the scanning electron microscope observations, the failure of the notched specimens strongly depends on the anisotropy microstructures.
Distance, dams and drift: what structures populations of an endangered, benthic stream fish?
Authors: Roberts James H. , Angermeier Paul L. , Hallerman Eric M. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Spatial population structure plays an important role in species persistence, evolution and conservation. Benthic stream fishes are diverse and frequently imperilled, yet the determinants and spatial scaling of their population structure are understudied.

We investigated the range‐wide population genetic structure of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered, benthic stream fish of the eastern United States. Fish were sampled from 35 sites and analysed at 11 microsatellite DNA loci. Clustering models were used to sort individuals into genetically cohesive groups and thereby estimate the spatial scaling of population structure. We then used Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (BGLMMs) to test alternative hypotheses about the environmental factors most responsible for generating structure, as measured by the differentiation statistic FST.

Clustering models delineated seven discrete populations, whose boundaries coincided with agents of fragmentation, including hydroelectric dams and tailwaters. In the absence of hydrological barriers, gene flow was extensive throughout catchments, whereas there was no evidence for contemporary dispersal between catchments across barriers.

In the best‐supported BGLMM, FST was positively related to the spatial distance and degree of hydrological alteration between sites and negatively related to genetic diversity within sites. Whereas the effect of tailwaters was equivocal, dams strongly influenced differentiation: the effect of a dam on FST was comparable to that of a between‐site distance of over 1200 km of unimpounded river. Overall, the effect of distance‐mediated dispersal was negligible compared to the combined effects of fragmentation and genetic drift.

The contemporary population structure of P. rex comprises a few geographically extensive ‘islands’ that are fragmented by hydroelectric projects. This information clarifies the importance of a catchment‐scale perspective on conserving the species and suggests that its recovery may require genetic and/or demographic reconnection of presently isolated populations.
Consumers' perception of the environmental performance in retail stores: an analysis of the German and the Spanish consumer
Authors: Stolz Johannes , Molina Horacio , Ramírez Jesús , Mohr Nikolaus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of our research is to find out about the consumer's perception of environmental retailing performance. Furthermore, consumer motives leading to sustainable consumption are measured by how they influence the consumer perception. Our study is divided into two parts and based on an international survey (n = 989) comparing German and Spanish consumers. First, we measure the perceiving availability and visibility of sustainable products in retail stores. Second, the impact of personal motives on sustainable consumption is evaluated, considering culture to be a moderating factor. Our study suggests that Spanish consumers tend to exhibit a weaker perception of sustainable products at their market places due to a weaker environmental awareness. Finally, we have identified the high importance of the social impact on both consumer groups regarding personal motives. The egoistic motive, however, has stronger effects on sustainable consumption among the Spanish consumers.
Immigrants in the Old‐Age Pension System: The Case of Sweden
Authors: Ekberg Jan , Lindh Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe article investigates incomes and especially state pensions 2008 among elderly immigrants who arrived in Sweden before 1970. At age 70 and above, the level of state old‐age pension for immigrant men was nearly the same and for immigrant women somewhat higher than for natives with similar characteristics. At age 65–66 the state pension was lower for immigrants than for their native counterparts. The differences in pensions for immigrants of different ages are probably due to changed rules in the Swedish state old‐age pension system from 2003. The new rules have hit different age groups in different ways. The gaps are partially levelled out when other incomes are included. The extent to which levelling occurs varies greatly between different immigrant groups. For immigrants who have arrived during the last decades, the future state old‐age pension outcomes are expected to be worse.
Policy Implications
The Swedish Pensions Agency should set up a register of pensions from abroad. This will tell us to what extent old‐age pensions from the home country compensate for low old‐age pensions from the Swedish system.
Better integration on the labour market is a powerful measure for reducing the risk of future low pensions among immigrants. This is a challenge for Swedish integration policy.
To what extent can other parts of the Swedish welfare system in the future compensate individuals with low old‐age pensions?
The Importance of Bicarbonate in Large Volume Anesthetic Preparations
Authors: SMITH SHARON L. , HODGE JULIE A. , LAWRENCE NAOMI , BADAME ANTHONY J. , COLEMAN WILLIAM P. 
Published: June 2013

background
: The tumescent local anesthetic approach is now being used more widely in dermatologic surgery. Although the original formula contains 12.5 mEq sodium bicarbonate per 50 mL of lidocaine, traditionally buffered solutions contain 1 mEq per 10 mL.
objective
: This study examines the effects of changing the concentrations of sodium bicarbonate in the tumescent formula.
methods
: Various concentrations of sodium bicarbonate in tumescent anesthetic preparations were measured for pH.
results
: Tumescent anesthetic preparations containing 5 mEq/L have a more physiologic pH (7.41) than the classic formula of 12.5 mEq/L (7.73). Clinical use of this reduced sodium bicarbonate solution showed no difference from the original formula.
CONCLUSIONS: Sodium bicarbonate can be used in a 1 mEq per 10 mL of lidocaine ratio similar to other buffered anesthetic solutions. This solution is physiologic in pH. However, some thought should also be given to the pKa of lidocaine, which is at pH 7.9. To achieve this even higher concentration (20 mEq/L) bicarbonate must be added to the tumescent solution. Thought must be given to these concepts when tumescent solutions are used in large volumes. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:973 ‐975.
Alginates: A “New” Dressing Alternative
Authors: PIACQUADIO DANIEL , NELSON DONETTE B. 
Published: June 2013

background
: Currently, a wide variety of bio‐occlusive dressing materials are available. In general, these dressing materials provide a moist wound healing environment that has been shown to promote healing in both human and animal studies. To effectively use these dressings the clinician must have a full understanding of the properties of the materials as well as the pathophysiology of the particular wound. Most recently, a “new” biosynthetic dressing material, the alginates, has become available.
objective
: To highlight proper use of alginate dressings for the management of acute and chronic wounds.
methods
: Case study and literature review.
results
: Alginates were shown to be effective in a wide variety of acute and chronic wounds.
conclusion
: Alginates possess several unique properties that should prove useful to the dermatologic surgeon as well as the dermatologist. Proper patient selection and use of this “new” dressing material, as well as a review of the literature is presented. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:992–995.
Periocular Flaps
Authors: WIGGS EUGENE O. 
Published: June 2013

background
. Most flaps used in periocular reconstruction are random pattern flaps.
objective
. To discuss the principles of periocular flaps as they relate to oculoplastic surgery, with an emphasis on reconstruction of the eyelids and ocular adnexa.
methods
. The advantages, disadvantages, and techniques of reconstruction are reviewed.
conclusion
. The ability to conceptualize and utilize flaps in periocular surgery enormously extends the surgeon's capabilities to produce optimal results for the patient. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1069–1073.
Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: NEUHAUS RUSSELL W. 
Published: June 2013

background
. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty is a frequently performed procedure to reverse partially gravitational aging effects on eyelid tissues. Careful planning, proper execution, and appropriate management of potential postoperative complications will generally result in a happy and satisfied patient. However, in any surgical procedure that is primarily aesthetic in nature, the surgeon needs to be constantly aware of factors that may compromise the functional integrity of the eyelid. A patient with altered visual function or ocular discomfort is no longer primarily concerned about the final aesthetic appearance of even the most perfectly executed, technically correct blepharoplasty procedure.
objective
. To describe the preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, and postoperative complications of lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Specific attention will be given to lower eyelid retraction and ectropion following blepharoplasty.
conclusion
. Successful lower eyelid blepharoplasty surgery can be a source of both patient and physician satisfaction. As long as patient expectations are consistent with realistic surgical goals, lower eyelid blepharoplasty is an important aspect of overall facial aesthetic surgery. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1100–1109.
Nuances in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery
Authors: WEBER PAUL J. 
Published: June 2013

background
. Presented several nuances in the performance of cosmetic upper, lower, and lateral eyelid surgery.
objective
. To provide slight modifications in the performance of cosmetic upper and lower eyelid surgery that may be timesaving and outcome‐enhancing. Lateral eyelid tightening is discussed. The expected outcomes and best candidates for surgery are also described.
methods
. Methods vary with the individual procedure. However, expertise in the traditional methods of cosmetic eyelid surgery is integral to success with the modified techniques.
results
. Results vary with the individual procedure, the surgeon's expectations, and the surgeon's interpretation of the patient's expectations, as well as other factors.
conclusion
. Modifications of traditional cosmetic eyelid surgical procedures may benefit the patient following careful planning and technique execution. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1117–1121.
Complications of Blepharoplasty and Their Management
Authors: POPP JEFFREY C. 
Published: June 2013

background
. Blepharoplasty is the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure on the face. Although complications are rare, their consequences can be devastating both the for patient and the surgeon.
objective
. The complications of blepharoplasty and their management are reviewed. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1122–1126.
Antibacterial Activity of Lidocaine in Combination with a Bicarbonate Buffer
Authors: THOMPSON KENNETH D. , WELYKYJ SOPHIA , MASSA MARY C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. The antibacterial properties of lidocaine have been previously described. Recent reports indicated that the addition of NaHCO3 to lidocaine reduces the pain associated with the injection. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of lidocaine buffered with NaHCO3.METHODS. Rates of killing of six species of bacteria were determined in the presence of buffered and unbuffered lidocaine. When bacteria were incubated with lidocaine buffered with NaHCO3 at either 25, 50, or 100 mEq/L, there was a decrease of>99% of all bacteria tested over the 6 hours of the assay. This dramatic rate of killing was not observed in the unbuffered control preparations.RESULTS. The results of this study indicate that NaHCO3 enhances the killing effect that has been described for lidocaine alone. The inability to recover common pathogenic bacteria from biopsy specimens could be the result of exposure to local anesthetic agents such as lidocaine that are buffered with NaHCO3.
Painful Tumors of the Skin
Authors: HERZBERG ARLENE J. , MURPHY GEORGE F. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Several cutaneous tumors are characteristically associated with considerable and sometimes incapacitating pain.OBJECTIVE. A review of the histologic features of these tumors, subjective characteristics of the pain, hypotheses proposed to explain the mechanism of pain production by the tumor, and treatments that have been effective in abolishing or relieving the patient's perception of the stimulus.METHODS. Review of case reports as well as studies that have proposed mechanisms of pain production based on histologic, electron microscopic, and pharmacologic studies.RESULTS. Several hypotheses may be equally valid in explaining the cause of pain of a single tumor type, while no apparent cause is found in other types of tumors. There is variability in the success of a treatment between patients.CONCLUSION. Our understanding of the mechanism of pain production by cutaneous tumors is limited by the small number of studies (and sample size) addressing the issue as well as by our incomplete general understanding of pain production.
Management of Patients Taking Anticoagulants and Platelet Inhibitors Prior to Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: GOLDSMITH STUART MARTIN , LESHIN BARRY , OWEN JOHN 
Published: June 2013

background. The use of anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors can increase the risk of intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhagic complications in cutaneous surgery. Currently there are no general guidelines and no consensus among dermatologic surgeons on how to manage patients taking these medicines.objective. To address many of the issues involved in the management of these patients.conclusion. General recommendations are made for managing patients taking anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors prior to dermatologic surgery.