bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal reference range for umbilical cord cross‐sectional area in twin pregnancies at 18–32 weeks of gestation
Authors: Fernandes D. B. , Liao A. W. , Brizot M. L. , Francisco R. P. V. , Zugaib M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to establish gestational age‐specific reference ranges for cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord, and its components, in twin pregnancies and to compare them with previously reported singleton reference ranges.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study involving uncomplicated dichorionic twin pregnancies. Sonographic measurements of the cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord, umbilical vein and arteries and Wharton's jelly were obtained in a plane adjacent to the fetal abdomen, every 3 weeks, between 18 and 32 weeks of gestations. Multilevel regression analysis was used to determine gestational age‐specific reference ranges for each parameter, and these were plotted against singleton pregnancy references.ResultsThree hundred and thirty four ultrasound scans were performed in 44 twin pregnancies, between 18 and 32.9 weeks (mean: 3.8 ± 0.7 scans/pregnancy and mean interval between scans: 3.3 ± 0.9 weeks). All umbilical cord cross‐sectional areas (total, vein, artery and Wharton's jelly) showed a significant increase with gestational age. Compared with singleton pregnancy ranges, mean values were considerably lower in twin pregnancies and resemble the lower limits observed in singletons.ConclusionIn twin pregnancies, cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord, and its components, increases between 18 and 32 weeks, and mean values are substantially lower compared with singleton pregnancies. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regio‐chemistry control in propylene/isoprene copolymerization by metallocene catalysts
Authors: Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRegio‐chemistry control in copolymerization of propylene with isoprene is pursued with C2‐symmetric ansa‐metallocene catalysts in order to efficiently synthesize isotactic polypropylene bearing pendant vinylidene functionality (iPP‐g‐VD) using isoprene as a convenient asymmetric diene feedstock. Two paths are taken by employing two well‐known but structurally different metallocenes that exhibit discrepant regio‐chemistry for α‐olefin insertion, namely rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2ZrCl2 (1) and rac‐CH2(3‐t‐Bu‐Ind)2ZrCl2 (2), both of which tend to an improvement of isoprene 4,3‐ (primary) insertion specificity whilst depressing the regio‐reversed 3,4‐ (secondary) insertion. In the case of using 1–methylaluminoxane (MAO), the strategy is to use increased dosage of H2 to effectively integrate isoprene 3,4‐insertion into iPP main chain without developing π‐allyl–metal deadlock. In the case of using 2–MAO, however, the sterically highly hindered ligand structure only accommodates primary isoprene 4,3‐insertion. Synthesis of iPP‐g‐VD becomes much more controllable, with up to 1.91 mol% of side‐chain vinylidene groups having been realized on iPP, at fairly good catalyst activities and little or no sacrifice of polymer molecular weight. iPP‐g‐VD is revealed to be fully eligible as an intermediate for accessing polar‐functionalized polypropylene, with both hydroboration and subsequent hydroxylated functionalization and poly(methyl methacrylate) grafting proceeding with high yields. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
On the nature of phase separation of polymer solutions at high extension rates
Authors: Semakov Alexander V. , Kulichikhin Valery G. , Tereshin Aleksei K. , Antonov Sergei V. , Malkin Alexander Ya. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTExperiments with stretching moderately concentrated polymer solutions have been carried out. Model experiments were carried out for poly(acrylonitrile) solutions in dimethyl siloxane. Just the choice of concentrated solutions allowed for a clear demonstration of a demixing effect with the formation of two separate phases—an oriented polymer fiber and solvent drops sitting on its surface. An original experimental device for following all subsequent stages in the demixing process was built. It combined two light beams, one transverse to the fiber and a second directed along (inside) the fiber, the latter played the role of an optical line. This gives a unique opportunity to observe processes occurring inside a fiber. The process of demixing starts from the volume phase separation across the whole cross section of a fiber at some critical deformation and the propagation of the front of demixing along the fiber. Then a solvent cylindrical skin appears which transforms into a system of separate droplets. New experimental data are discussed based on a comparison of the current different points of view on the phenomenon of deformation‐induced phase separation: thermodynamic shift of the equilibrium phase transition temperature, growth of stress‐induced concentration fluctuations in two‐component fluids, and mechanically pressing a solvent out from a polymer network. The general belief is that a rather specific (so‐called “beads‐on‐a‐string”) structure of a filament is realized in stretching dilute solutions: beads of a polymer solution connected by oriented polymer bridges forming a single object. The situation in stretching moderately concentrated solutions appears quite different: real phase separation was observed. So, the alternative phenomenon to the formation of the “beads‐on‐a‐string” structure has been experimentally proven. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 559–565
A 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method with Reactive Flow Model for the Simulation of ANFO
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Liu Guirong , Peng Qing , De Suvranu , Feng Dianlei , Liu Moubin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial explosive mixture that is considered to be highly “non‐ideal” with long reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters. Thus, its detonation poses great challenge for accurate numerical modeling. Herein, we present a numerical model to simulate ANFO based on improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, which is a mesh‐free Lagrangian method performing well in simulating situations consist of moving interface and large deformation, as happened in high‐velocity impact and explosion. The improved three‐dimensional SPH method incorporated with JWL++ model is used to simulate the detonation of ANFO. Good agreement is observed between simulation and experiment, which indicates that the proposed method performs well in prediction of behavior of ANFO.
Naturally occurring bioactive compounds from four repellent essential oils against Bemisia tabaci whiteflies
Authors: Deletre Emilie , Chandre Fabrice , Barkman Barbara , Menut Chantal , Martin Thibaud 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn tropical countries, netting is an effective sustainable tool for protecting horticultural crops against Lepidoptera, although not against small pests such as Bemisia tabaci, while smaller mesh netting can be used in temperate regions. A solution is to combine a net with a repellent. Previously we identified repellent essential oils: lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and citronella (Cymbopogon winternarius). The present study was designed to identify the active compounds of these essential oils, characterise their biological activity and examine their potential for coating nets. We investigated the efficiency and toxicity of nets dipped in different solutions. We then studied the repellent effect with an olfactometer and the irritant effect by videotracking.RESULTSGeraniol and citronellol were the most promising net coatings owing to their repellent effect. The repellency, irritancy or toxicity varied with the product and concentration, and these features were independent, indicating that the repellent and the irritant/toxic mechanisms were not the same. The combined effects of these different compounds account for the bioactivity of the mixture, suggesting interactions between the compounds.CONCLUSIONThis new sustainable strategy for protecting vegetable crops against whiteflies is discussed, in addition to the use of companion plants that could produce such bioactive compounds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptive consensus tracking for linear multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous unknown nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Sun Junyong , Geng Zhiyong 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper considers the consensus tracking control problem for general linear multi‐agent systems with unknown dynamics in both the leader and all followers. Based on parameterizations of the unknown dynamics of all agents, two decentralized adaptive consensus tracking protocols, respectively, with dynamic and static coupling gains, are proposed to guarantee that the states of all followers converge to the state of the leader. Furthermore, this result is extended to the robust adaptive consensus tracking problem in which there exist parameter uncertainties and Lipschitz‐type disturbances in the network. It is also shown that the parameter estimation errors converge to zero based on contradiction method and Lyapunov function approach. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Links between different stabilities of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties
Authors: Liu Xingwen , Liu Duyu 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the links between three stabilities (attractivity, asymptotic stability, and exponential stability) of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties. A system has a certain property over a given set
of switching signals if the property holds for all switching signals in
. It is shown that a switched homogeneous system of degree one is exponentially stable over a given set of switching signals if it is attractive or asymptotically stable over the same set. The result is then applied to switched linear systems with delays and uncertainties. Finally, an example follows to show that ‘being over a given set of switching signals’ is necessary to guarantee the equivalence between different stabilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Racial Discrimination and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wagner Julie , Tennen Howard , Finan Patrick , Feinn Richard , Burg Matthew M. , Seawell Asani , White William B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDiabetes is the only disorder in which women's risk for heart disease exceeds men's. Elevated blood pressure (BP) increases cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. Racial discrimination and neuroticism are both associated with BP levels but have not been examined in concert. This study investigated self‐reported racial discrimination, neuroticism and ambulatory BP in women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty‐nine Black and 38 White women completed a race‐neutral version of the Schedule of Racist Events; BP was evaluated using ambulatory monitoring devices. Actigraphy and diaries were used to document times of sleep and wakefulness. Racial discrimination interacted with neuroticism to predict systolic and diastolic BP both while awake and during sleep, after adjustment for covariates. For each, the influence of racist events was stronger at lower levels of neuroticism. Racial discrimination is associated with higher levels of 24‐h BP in diabetic women who are low in neuroticism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of switch‐and‐examine diversity systems with interference and Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Salhab Anas M. , Zummo Salam A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the behavior of the low‐complexity switch‐and‐examine diversity combining (SEC) and switch‐and‐examine diversity combining with post‐examine selection (SECps) antenna selection schemes with interference. In this paper, we first derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end‐to‐end (e2e) signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio at the selection scheme combiner output. This CDF is then used to derive closed‐form expressions for the e2e outage and symbol error probabilities for the independent nonidentically distributed and independent identically distributed cases of diversity branches. In the analysis, the channels of the desired user and the interferers are assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution. Furthermore, to have more details about the system insights, the performance is evaluated at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values where the diversity order and coding gain are derived and analyzed. The derived analytical and asymptotic results are validated via a comparison with Monte‐Carlo simulations. Main findings show that with interference power does not scale with average SNR; the system can still achieve performance gain when more receive antennas are used. This happens at the values of switching threshold that are close to average SNR. Also, results illustrate that the interference is noticeably affecting the gain achieved in system performance when more antennas are used. Furthermore, findings show that the SECps selection scheme outperforms the conventional SEC scheme when more antennas are added with the switching threshold is much larger than the average SNR. Finally, findings show that the SEC and SECps antenna selection schemes are efficient for systems which operate at the range of low SNR values and this makes them attractive candidates to be implemented in the emerging mobile broadband communication systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Energy Devices During Liver Parenchymal Transection: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gotohda Naoto , Yamanaka Takeharu , Saiura Akio , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Hashimoto Masaji , Konishi Masaru , Shimada Kazuaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the benefit of energy devices such as ultrasonically activated device and bipolar vessel sealing device in liver surgeries.BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested the benefit of energy devices in liver transection, while a randomized trial has found no association between their use and surgical outcomes.Patients and methodsPatients scheduled to undergo open liver resection were eligible for this multicenter non‐blinded randomized study. They were randomized to receive an energy device (experimental group) or not (control group) during liver transection. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with intraoperative blood loss >1,000 mL. The primary aim was to show non‐inferiority of hepatectomy with energy device to that without energy device.ResultsA total of 212 patients were randomized and 211 (105 and 106 in the respective groups) were analyzed. Intraoperative blood loss >1,000 mL occurred in 15.0 % patients with energy device and 20.2 % patients without energy device. The experimental minus control group difference was −5.2 % (95 % confidence interval −13.8 to 3.3 %; non‐inferiority test, p = 0.0248). Hepatectomy with energy device resulted in a shorter median liver transection time (63 vs. 84 min; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of postoperative bile leakage (4 vs. 16 %; p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe hypothesis that hepatectomy with energy device is not inferior to that without energy device in terms of blood loss has been demonstrated. The use of energy devices during liver surgery is clinically meaningful as it shortens the liver transection time and reduces the incidence of postoperative bile leakage.
Thermodynamic Activities and Distributions of Calcium and Magnesium Between Silicon and CaO-MgO-SiO2 Slags at 1873 K (1600 °C)
Authors: Jakobsson Lars Klemet , Tangstad Merete 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The distributions of calcium and magnesium between silicon and CaO-MgO-SiO2 slags have been determined in the present study at 1873 K (1600 °C). The distribution equilibria were used to estimate the activities of the slag components in the binary CaO-SiO2 and MgO-SiO2 systems. These activities were used to determine the Henrian activity coefficients of calcium and magnesium in liquid silicon at 1873 K (1600 °C). The distribution equilibria were also used to estimate the activity of SiO2 in the ternary CaO-MgO-SiO2 system. Finally, the activities of CaO and MgO were estimated in the ternary CaO-MgO-SiO2 system using the determined Henrian activity coefficients in liquid silicon together with the distribution equilibria and the estimated activities of SiO2.
Nicht-kodierende Mutationen
Authors: Spielmann Malte , Mundlos Stefan 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Trotz der enormen Fortschritte genomweiter Analyseverfahren bleiben über 40 % der Patienten in der Humangenetik ohne molekulare Diagnose. Dies könnte unter anderem an der Tatsache liegen, dass Varianten im nicht-kodierenden Teil des Genoms bisher außer Acht gelassen wurden. In den letzten Jahren wurden entscheidende Fortschritte in der Analyse und Annotierung von cis-regulatorischen Elementen gemacht. Diese Daten können nun gezielt genutzt werden, um regulatorische Mutationen zu identifizieren und zu bewerten. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass das menschliche Genom in Domänen eingeteilt ist, die über Chromatinstrukturen eine dreidimensionale regulatorisch aktive Architektur einnehmen. Mutationen oder strukturelle Aberrationen können diese Struktur verändern und damit zum Funktionsverlust oder zur Fehlexpression von benachbarten Genen führen. All diese Erkenntnisse können zur Interpretation von nicht-kodierenden Varianten eingesetzt werden.
Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Major Recurrence of Intracranial Aneurysms after Coiling
Authors: dos Santos Marlise P. , Sabri Armin , Dowlatshahi Dar , Bakkai Ali Muraback , Elallegy Abed , Lesiuk Howard , Lum Cheemun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground: Recurrence after intracranial aneurysm coiling is a highly prevalent outcome, yet to be understood. We investigated clinical, radiological and procedural factors associated with major recurrence of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected coiling data (2003-12). We recorded characteristics of aneurysms, patients and interventional techniques, pre-discharge and angiographic follow-up occlusion. The Raymond-Roy classification was used; major recurrence was a change from class I or II to class III, increase in class III remnant, and any recurrence requiring any type of retreatment. Identification of risk factors associated with major recurrence used univariate Cox Proportional Hazards Model followed by multivariate regression analysis of covariates with P<0.1. Results: A total of 467 aneurysms were treated in 435 patients: 283(65%) harboring acutely ruptured aneurysms, 44(10.1%) patients died before discharge and 33(7.6%) were lost to follow-up. A total of 1367 angiographic follow-up studies (range: 1-108 months, Median [interquartile ranges (IQR)]: 37[14-62]) was performed in 384(82.2%) aneurysms. The major recurrence rate was 98(21%) after 6(3.5-22.5) months. Multivariate analysis (358 patients with 384 aneurysms) revealed the risk factors for major recurrence: age>65 y (hazard ratio (HR): 1.61; P=0.04), male sex (HR: 2.13; P<0.01), hypercholesterolemia (HR: 1.65; P=0.03), neck size ≥4 mm (HR: 1.79; P=0.01), dome size ≥7 mm (HR: 2.44; P<0.01), non-stent-assisted coiling (HR: 2.87; P=0.01), and baseline class III (HR: 2.18; P<0.01). Conclusion: Approximately one fifth of the intracranial aneurysms resulted in major recurrence. Modifiable factors for major recurrence were choice of stent-assisted technique and confirmation of adequate baseline occlusion (Class I/II) in the first coiling procedure.
Ultrasonic atomization of liquids in drop-chain acoustic fountains
Authors: Simon Julianna C. , Sapozhnikov Oleg A. , Khokhlova Vera A. , Crum Lawrence A. , Bailey Michael R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen focused ultrasound waves of moderate intensity in liquid encounter an air interface, a chain of drops emerges from the liquid surface to form what is known as a drop-chain fountain. Atomization, or the emission of micro-droplets, occurs when the acoustic intensity exceeds a liquid-dependent threshold. While the cavitation-wave hypothesis, which states that atomization arises from a combination of capillary-wave instabilities and cavitation bubble oscillations, is currently the most accepted theory of atomization, more data on the roles of cavitation, capillary waves, and even heat deposition or boiling would be valuable. In this paper, we experimentally test whether bubbles are a significant mechanism of atomization in drop-chain fountains. High-speed photography was used to observe the formation and atomization of drop-chain fountains composed of water and other liquids. For a range of ultrasonic frequencies and liquid sound speeds, it was found that the drop diameters approximately equalled the ultrasonic wavelengths. When water was exchanged for other liquids, it was observed that the atomization threshold increased with shear viscosity. Upon heating water, it was found that the time to commence atomization decreased with increasing temperature. Finally, water was atomized in an overpressure chamber where it was found that atomization was significantly diminished when the static pressure was increased. These results indicate that bubbles, generated by either acoustic cavitation or boiling, contribute significantly to atomization in the drop-chain fountain.
Intraspecific and interspecific attraction of threeTomicusbeetle species during the shoot-feeding phase
Authors: Wang J. , Zhang Z. , Kong X. , Wang H. , Zhang S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe shoot beetlesTomicus minor, Tomicus yunnanensis, andTomicus brevipilosushave been decimatingPinus yunnanensistrees for more than 30 years in Southwestern China. To understand the chemical ecological relationship between pines andTomicus, and among the three beetle species, we compared the attraction of these beetles to damaged shoots, extracts from damaged shoots, and volatiles from damaged shoots collected by the dynamic headspace sampling method. Experiments were performed using a modified open-arena olfactometer. The maleT. minorand both sexes ofT. brevipilosuswere more strongly attracted to damaged shoots than to undamaged shoots and they showed attraction to shoots damaged by the same species. FemaleT. minorand both sexes ofT. yunnanensiswere attracted to shoots damaged by femaleT. brevipilosus. The three beetle species were attracted to shoot extracts and dynamic headspace volatiles from shoots damaged by the same species and sex. FemaleT. minorand maleT. yunnanensiswere also attracted to dynamic headspace volatiles from shoots damaged by both sexes ofT. brevipilosus. The results suggested that specific semiochemicals that are induced or produced byT. brevipilosusalso attractT. minorandT. yunnanensis. The semiochemicals in damaged shoots affect the attraction of the three beetle species and play an important chemical communication role in weakening the host trees during the beetles’ shoot-feeding phase.
A CHIEF IS A CHIEF BY THE WOMEN? THE NAZARETHA CHURCH, GENDER, AND TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY IN MTUNZINI, SOUTH AFRICA, 1900–48
Authors: JARVIS LAUREN V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn a historiography that paints relations between chiefs and women as antagonistic, the history of the Nazaretha Church in Mtunzini, South Africa in the early twentieth century sheds light on conditions that allowed chiefs and women to find common ground. During the era of segregation, Mtunzini was, on one hand, subject to relatively less interference from white government officials, but, on the other, ravaged by social and economic change. In this context, the Nazaretha Church flourished thanks to the support of many chiefs and women. The religious community not only proposed new answers to related questions about health, healing, and morality, but it also afforded chiefs and women important social options amid rural decline and challenges to traditional authority.