bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication errors in hospitals: a literature review of disruptions to nursing practice during medication administration
Authors: Hayes Carolyn , Jackson Debra , Davidson Patricia M , Power Tamara 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this review was to explore what is known about interruptions and distractions on medication administration in the context of undergraduate nurse education.BackgroundIncidents and errors during the process of medication administration continue to be a substantial patient safety issue in health care settings internationally. Interruptions to the medication administration process have been identified as a leading cause of medication error. Literature recognises that some interruptions are unavoidable; therefore in an effort to reduce errors, it is essential understand how undergraduate nurses learn to manage interruptions to the medication administration process.DesignSystematic, critical literature review.MethodsUtilising the electronic databases, of Medline, Scopus, PubMed and CINAHL, and recognised quality assessment guidelines, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Search terms included: nurses, medication incidents or errors, interruptions, disruption, distractions and multitasking.ResultsResearchers have responded to the impact of interruptions and distractions on the medication administration by attempting to eliminate them. Despite the introduction of quality improvements, little is known about how nurses manage interruptions and distractions during medication administration or how they learn to do so. A significant gap in the literature exists in relation to innovative sustainable strategies that assist undergraduate nurses to learn how to safely and confidently manage interruptions in the clinical environment.ConclusionsStudy findings highlight the need for further exploration into the way nurses learn to manage interruptions and distractions during medication administration. This is essential given the critical relationship between interruptions and medication error rates.Relevance to clinical practiceBetter preparing nurses to safely fulfil the task of medication administration in the clinical environment, with increased confidence in the face of interruptions, could lead to a reduction in errors and concomitant improvements to patient safety.
Body fat distribution and its associated factors in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Jin Chan Hee , Yuk Jin Sung , Choi Kyung Mook , Yi Kyung Wook , Kim Tak , Hur Jun Young , Shin Jung‐Ho 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the body fat distribution in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the association of those distribution with metabolic parameters and hormone profiles.MethodsA total 90 patients with PCOS and 97 women without PCOS (control group) were included in this study. Total body fat, abdominal visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were determined on abdominal fat computed tomography. Lipid profiles and sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, free androgen index (FAI), and cortisol were measured in PCOS group.ResultsTotal body fat and body fat distribution in the PCOS group were not significantly different from the control group in Korean women (P = 0.054, P = 0.761, P = 0.104), but abdominal visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio was larger in the PCOS group than the control group (P = 0.047). Not only total body fat and visceral fat, but also subcutaneous fat in the PCOS group had a positive correlation with homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance, fasting blood sugar, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, free testosterone, FAI, body mass index, but negative correlation with SHBG and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsKorean PCOS women had the same body fat distribution as the control group. Subcutaneous fat was also correlated with metabolic parameters and hormone profiles in the Korean PCOS group.
The effect of antimicrobial agents on bond strength of orthodontic adhesives: a meta‐analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Altmann A. S. P. , Collares F. M. , Leitune V. C. B. , Samuel S. M. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAntimicrobial orthodontic adhesives aim to reduce white spot lesions' incidence in orthodontic patients, but they should not jeopardizing its properties. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to answer the question whether the association of antimicrobial agents with orthodontic adhesives compromises its mechanical properties and whether there is a superior antimicrobial agent. PubMed and Scopus databases. In vitro studies comparing shear bond strength of conventional photo‐activated orthodontic adhesives to antimicrobial photo‐activated orthodontic adhesives were considered eligible. Search terms included the following: orthodontics, orthodontic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, bactericidal, adhesive, resin, resin composite, bonding agent, bonding system, and bond strength. The searches yielded 494 citations, which turned into 467 after duplicates were discarded. Titles and abstracts were read and 13 publications were selected for full‐text reading. Twelve studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The global analysis showed no statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups. In the subgroup analysis, only the chlorhexidine subgroup showed a statistically significant difference, where the control groups had higher bond strength than the experimental groups. Many studies on in vitro orthodontic bond strength fail to report test conditions that could affect their outcomes. The pooled in vitro data suggest that adding an antimicrobial agent to an orthodontic adhesive system does not influence bond strength to enamel. It is not possible to state which antimicrobial agent is better to be associated.
Complement activation product C4d in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ajona D , Pajares MJ , Chiara MD , Rodrigo JP , Jantus‐Lewintre E , Camps C , Suarez C , Bagán JV , Montuenga LM , Pio R 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveComplement C4d‐containing fragments have been proposed as diagnostic markers for lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of C4d in oropharyngeal (OPSCC) and oral (OSCC) squamous cell carcinomas.Subjects and MethodsC4d staining was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 244 OPSCC surgical specimens. C4d levels were quantified by ELISA in resting saliva samples from 48 patients with oral leukoplakia and 62 with OSCC. Plasma samples from 21 patients with leukoplakia and 30 with oral carcinoma were also studied.ResultsC4d staining in OPSCC specimens was associated with nodal invasion (P = 0.001), histopathologic grade (P = 0.014), disease stage (P = 0.040), and focal‐adhesion kinase expression (P < 0.001). No association was found between C4d and prognosis. Saliva C4d levels were higher in patients with oral cancer than in subjects with leukoplakia (0.07 ± 0.07 vs 0.04 ± 0.03 μg ml−1, P = 0.003). The area under the ROC curve was 0.63 (95%CI: 0.55–0.71). Salivary C4d levels in stage IV patients were higher than in patients with earlier stages (P = 0.028) and correlated with tumor size (P = 0.045). Plasma C4d levels also correlated with salivary C4d levels (P = 0.041), but differences between patients with oral cancer and subjects with leukoplakia were not significant (1.26 ± 0.59 vs 1.09 ± 0.39 μg ml−1, P = 0.232).ConclusionC4d‐containing fragments are detected in oral primary tumors and are increased in saliva from patients with OSCC.
Oral bacteria in placental tissues: increased molecular detection in pregnant periodontitis patients
Authors: Blanc V , O'Valle F , Pozo E , Puertas A , León R , Mesa F 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify the DNA of oral bacteria in placental samples from women with and without periodontitis who had or had not had preterm births and/or low birthweight (PB/LBW) neonates.MethodsData were gathered from 57 puerperal women in relation to socio‐demographic, gynaecological, and periodontal variables and to placental histomorphology. Fifty‐seven biopsies, 28 from mothers with periodontitis, were taken aseptically from preterm placentas (n = 36) and from full‐term placentas (n = 21). Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of 15 oral bacteria was assessed using Nested‐PCR.ResultsThe placentas from women with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathogens compared to those from women without periodontitis (P = 0.009). Samples showed low prevalences of Actinomyces israelii, Parvimonas micra and Tannerella forsythia. An association was found between Eikenella corrodens in placenta and periodontitis (P = 0.002). The most ubiquitous bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, was more prevalent in mothers with periodontitis and PB/LBW (P = 0.033). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were not detected.ConclusionsThese results, along with previous findings, show that oral bacteria may be normally present in the placenta, however, the levels of certain oral pathogens in the placenta would highly depend on the mother's periodontal state.
Assessing Systematic Effects of Stroke on Motor Control by Using Hierarchical Function-On-Scalar Regression
Authors: Goldsmith Jeff , Kitago Tomoko 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis work is concerned with understanding common population level effects of stroke on motor control while accounting for possible subject level idiosyncratic effects. Upper extremity motor control for each subject is assessed through repeated planar reaching motions from a central point to eight prespecified targets arranged on a circle. We observe the kinematic data for hand position as a bivariate function of time for each reach. Our goal is to estimate the bivariate function-on-scalar regression with subject level random functional effects while accounting for potential correlation in residual curves; covariates of interest are severity of motor impairment and target number. We express fixed effects and random effects by using penalized splines, and we allow for residual correlation by using a Wishart prior distribution. Parameters are jointly estimated in a Bayesian framework, and we implement a computationally efficient approximation algorithm using variational Bayes methods. Simulations indicate that the method proposed yields accurate estimation and inference, and application results suggest that the effect of stroke on motor control has a systematic component observed across subjects.
An Evaluation of Thunderstorm Observations in Southern Ontario Using Automated Lightning Detection Data
Authors: Huryn Steven , Gough William , Butler Ken , Mohsin Tanzina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and their associated hazards, are aspects of a changing climate that are likely to have an adverse effect on society. Southern Ontario is Canada’s most populated region as well as the region of Canada that receives the most thunderstorms. Before completing climatological studies of thunderstorms in southern Ontario, it is important to determine whether historical thunderstorm data are reliable. Archived thunderstorm data are available from eight 24-h-staffed weather stations across southern Ontario. The data may be subject to observer bias. This study compared the manual observations of thunderstorms with automated data from the Canadian Lightning Detection Network. It was found that the data that are based on the manual observations are reliable enough that any significant trends in thunderstorm occurrence over time should be apparent. Because of the small-scale nature of thunderstorms, however, the data may only be valid for small distances (up to 10 km) around each weather station. A diurnal bias was also discovered, with manual thunderstorm observations being slightly better at night.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of delayed‐type drug hypersensitivity reactions, from bedside to bench and back
Authors: Schrijvers Rik , Gilissen Liesbeth , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Demoly Pascal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) have been present since the advent of drugs. In particular T‐cell mediated delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions represent a heterogeneous clinical entity with a diverse pathogenesis and result in a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality not only driven by the reactions themselves but also by the use of alternatives which are sometimes less effective or even more dangerous. Diagnostic procedures rely on clinical history, skin testing and potential provocation testing, whereas validated in vitro diagnostic procedures are still lacking for most of them. Recent work in the field of pharmacogenomics combined with basic scientific research has provided insights in the pathogenesis of abacavir and carbamazepine hypersensitivities linked with certain human leucocyte antigen risk alleles. Nevertheless, important scientific questions on how other DHR arise and how host‐drug interactions occur, remain unanswered. Recent work indicates an intricate relation between host, drug and pathogens in severe cutaneous and systemic reactions and provides more insights in the role of regulatory T‐cells and viral reactivation in these reactions. In this review we focus on type IV delayed‐type DHR, and address recent advances in the pathogenesis, pharmacogenomics, and diagnosis of these reactions with an emphasis on the understandings arising from basic research.
Hybrid Avatar-Agent Technology – A Conceptual Step Towards Mediated “Social” Virtual Reality and its Respective Challenges
Authors: Roth Daniel , Latoschik Marc Erich , Vogeley Kai , Bente Gary 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Driven by large industry investments, developments of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies including unobtrusive sensors, actuators and novel display devices are rapidly progressing. Realism and interactivity have been postulated as crucial aspects of immersive VR since the naissance of the concept. However, today’s VR still falls short from creating real life-like experiences in many regards. This holds particularly true when introducing the “social dimension” into the virtual worlds. Apparently, creating convincing virtual selves and virtual others and conveying meaningful and appropriate social behavior still is an open challenge for future VR. This challenge implies both, technical aspects, such as the real-time capacities of the systems, but also psychological aspects, such as the dynamics of human communication. Our knowledge of VR systems is still fragmented with regard to social cognition, although the social dimension is crucial when aiming at autonomous agents with a certain social background intelligence. It can be questioned though whether a perfect copy of real life interactions is a realistic or even meaningful goal of social VR development at this stage. Taking into consideration the specific strengths and weaknesses of humans and machines, we propose a conceptual turn in social VR which focuses on what we call “hybrid avatar-agent systems”. Such systems are required to generate i) avatar mediated interactions between real humans, taking advantage of their social intuitions and flexible communicative skills and ii) an artificial social intelligence (AIS) which monitors, and potentially moderates or transforms ongoing virtual interactions based on social signals, such as performing adaptive manipulations of behavior in intercultural conversations. The current article sketches a respective base architecture and discusses necessary research prospects and challenges as a starting point for future research and development.
Synthesis, structure and in vitro cytotoxic activity of two organotin complexes of 2-phenyl-1,2, 3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid
Authors: Tian Laijin , Kong Lingdong , Zhang Changfa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo organotin complexes of 2-phenyl-1,2, 3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid, {[
Evaluation of Control of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Tillage and Herbicides
Authors: Grey Timothy L. , Webster Theodore M. , Li Xiao , Anderson William , Cutts George S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNapiergrass has potential as a cellulosic biofuel crop because of its rapid growth habit in the southern United States. However, it is also listed as a potential invasive species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. For field renovation, information about napiergrass control in response to tillage and herbicides is required. Field studies were initiated to evaluate control of napiergrass established in fields for over 3 yr at Plains, GA, and Tifton, GA. For tillage and POST herbicides, imazapyr plus glyphosate consistently controlled napiergrass relative to diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage in terms of visual injury, stem height and dry biomass reduction. One application of imazapyr plus glyphosate controlled napiergrass 74 and 94%, and reduced plant stem height to 6 and 15% of the nontreated control. When diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage was used alone with no sequential herbicides, napiergrass control ranged from 12 to 33%; when these control tactics were followed by two sequential applications of either sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass control varied from 45 to 99%. Reductions in plant heights were reflective of injury 47 d after final herbicide applications (May/June). Napiergrass yield in dry biomass production was reduced by imazapyr plus glyphosate ≥ 86% relative to the nontreated control (NTC). Diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage alone was not effective in reducing napiergrass dry biomass yields ranging from 1 to 47% compared with the NTC; when these treatments were followed by sequential applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass dry biomass was reduced 46 to 91% compared with the NTC. Tillage plus two applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate exhibited control potential because they provided levels of napiergrass control similar to imazapyr-based treatments. Tillage plus multiple applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate offers flexibility to crop rotations as compared with the residual herbicide imazapyr, which has many crop rotation restrictions because of carryover concerns.
Magnetic Referencing and Real-Time Survey Processing Enables Tighter Spacing of Long-Reach Wells
Authors: Maus Stefan , Deverse Jarod Shawn 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Positional uncertainty in wellbores is caused by numerous error sources and propagates in magnitude along the measured depth of the wellbore. This can be problematic when planning or drilling closely spaced long-reach wells while still satisfying collision avoidance policies. The ellipses of uncertainty associated with surveys acquired by standard Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tools are often too large to enable adequate separation factors between wells. MWD tools are instruments mounted inside the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and use an accelerometer and magnetometer sensor package to determine the inclination and magnetic azimuth while drilling. The magnetic azimuth is used to calculate a true (geographic) azimuth by adding the declination angle from a geomagnetic reference model. The largest sources of error in standard MWD survey are inaccuracies in the global geomagnetic reference model and magnetic interference from the BHA. These error sources can be reduced significantly by using a local geomagnetic In-Field Referencing (IFR) model and by subsequently applying multi-station analysis (MSA) corrections to the raw survey measurements.
IFR models are computed from locally acquired aeromagnetic measurements of the geomagnetic field. By solving LaPlace's equation, a 3D magnetic model of the local crustal magnetic anomalies is produced. This greatly improves the resolution and accuracy of the geomagnetic reference field used to determine wellbore direction. Once the geomagnetic reference field is accurately specified by IFR, magnetic interference from the drill string can be identified and removed through MSA correction. Decreasing the ellipses of uncertainty of the wellbore position will reduce collision risk, improve confidence in geological modeling, and maximize reservoir recovery.
Wear properties of hybrid AlSi12 matrix syntactic foams
Authors: Májlinger Kornél 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composites – so-called syntactic foams – were produced by means of low pressure infiltration. Commercial AlSi12 aluminum alloy was applied as the matrix material. The overall volume fraction of the reinforcing iron (GM) and ceramic (GC) hollow spheres was maintained at ∼64 vol.%, but their ratio was varied in 20 vol.% steps between 100 %GM-0 %GC and 0 %GM-100 %GC reinforcement composition. The wear properties of the produced specimens were investigated using the pin-on-disk method in dry and lubricated conditions. In the case of dry sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction increased with the ceramic reinforcement content. The pure iron reinforcement showed the lowest coefficient of friction and also the lowest wear rate. From the point of view of the worn surface, the full GC reinforcement was found to be the most promising with relatively smooth surfaces and low amount of wear debris. Based on the discussed results, aluminum matrix syntactic foams would be promising materials for moderately loaded sliding parts.
Obamacare na Obama, deel II: King v. Burwell
Authors: Ranchordás S.H. 
Published: August 2015

Obamacare na Obama, deel II: King v. Burwell
De bijdrage is het vervolg op de rubriek in RegelMaat 2015, afl. 3. Sindsdien heeft het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof een belangrijk arrest gewezen, waardoor volgens de auteur de kans dat Obamacare in de Amerikaanse rechtsorde wordt verankerd groter is geworden. Het Hof oordeelde dat mensen, ongeacht in welke staat ze wonen, recht hebben op een bijdrage van de federale overheid om hun ziektekostenverzekering te kunnen betalen. Of de markt van zorgverzekeringen in een bepaalde staat wordt beheerd door die staat zelf, of door de federale overheid, heeft daarvoor geen gevolg. De auteur wijst erop dat deze uitspraak van groot belang is en ook aandacht kreeg in Nederland, maar achterbleef bij de uitspraak over het homohuwelijk.
Van ambt naar vrij beroep
Authors: Schilderman Hans 
Published: August 2015

Office or liberal profession. Spiritual care as provision in the public sphere
This contribution discusses two forms in which spiritual care in the Netherlands can be organized: in terms of a (church) office which reflects the current form, or as liberal profession which is a form to be conceivably pursued as an alternative proper to the sociocultural and institutional developments that this text indicates. The historical Dutch context of pillarization is tributary to a form of spiritual care that seems less apt to deal with the challenges ahead. The conditions and requirements of a liberal model are presented, but also put into perspective of the limited opportunities of the professional association of spiritual care to manoeuvre in politics and policies.