bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance, Return to Competition, and Reinjury After Tommy John Surgery in Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Makhni Eric C. , Lee Randall W. , Morrow Zachary S. , Gualtieri Anthony P. , Gorroochurn Prakash , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Pitching performance metrics, durability, and reinjury after Tommy John surgery in professional baseball players have not been well described. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the likelihood of return to professional competition, reinjury rate, and change in performance after Tommy John surgery in Major League Baseball pitchers. The hypothesis was that performance metrics and durability will decline after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Publicly available records were accessed to generate a list of all Major League Baseball pitchers from 1999 to 2011 who had undergone ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction at any point in their careers; those with multiple reconstructive procedures were excluded. Return to active (≥1 game) or established (≥10 games) competition and/or placement on the disabled list was documented for each player. Among established players, pitching performance was compared pre- and postoperatively, as well as with age-matched control pitchers. Results: Of 147 pitchers included, 80% returned to pitch in at least 1 Major League Baseball game. Only 67% of established pitchers returned to the same level of competition postoperatively, and 57% of established players returned to the disabled list because of injuries to the throwing arm. Finally, performance declined across several metrics after surgery compared with preinjury levels, such as earned run average, batting average against, walks plus hits per inning pitched, percentage of pitches thrown in the strike zone, innings pitched, percentage fastballs thrown, and average fastball velocity ( P < .05 for all). However, these declines were not statistically different from similar declines found in age-matched controls who did not undergo Tommy John surgery. Conclusion: Return to the disabled list after Tommy John surgery is common among professional pitchers (>50%), and performance declines across several major metrics after surgery. Patients undergoing Tommy John surgery should be counseled appropriately regarding the likelihood of return to preinjury levels of competition and performance.
Long-term Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Competitive Baseball Players
Authors: Osbahr Daryl C. , Cain E. Lyle , Raines B. Todd , Fortenbaugh Dave , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Andrews James R. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) has afforded baseball players with excellent results; however, previous studies have described only short-term outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate long-term outcomes after UCLR in baseball players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All UCLRs performed on competitive baseball players with a minimum 10-year follow-up were identified. Surgical data were collected prospectively and patients were surveyed by telephone follow-up, during which scoring systems were used to assess baseball career and post–baseball career outcomes. Results: Of 313 patients, 256 (82%) were contacted at an average of 12.6 years; 83% of these baseball players (90% pitchers) were able to return to the same or higher level of competition in less than 1 year, but results varied according to preoperative level of play. Baseball career longevity was 3.6 years in general and 2.9 years at the same or higher level of play, but major and minor league players returned for longer than did collegiate and high school players after surgery ( P < .001). Baseball retirement typically occurred for reasons other than elbow problems (86%). Many players had shoulder problems (34%) or surgery (25%) during their baseball career, and these occurrences most often resulted in retirement attributable to shoulder problems ( P < .001). For post–baseball career outcomes, 92% of patients were able to throw without pain, and 98% were still able to participate in throwing at least on a recreational level. The 10-year minimum follow-up scores (mean ± standard deviation) for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), DASH work module, and DASH sports module were 0.80 ± 4.43, 1.10 ± 6.90, and 2.88 ± 11.91, respectively. Overall, 93% of patients were satisfied, with few reports of persistent elbow pain (3%) or limitation of function (5%). Conclusion: Long-term follow-up of UCLRs in baseball players indicates that most patients were satisfied, with few reports of persistent elbow pain or limitation of function. During their baseball career, most of these athletes were able to return to the same or higher level of competition in less than 1 year, with acceptable career longevity and retirement typically for reasons other than the elbow. According to a standardized disability and outcome scale, patients also had excellent results after UCLR during daily, work, and sporting activities.
Serum anti-lipocalin 2 IgG is a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li YN , Hu FL , Dai YJ , Li R , Ma XX , Du Y , Feng M , Jia Y , Zhang CF , Zhu L , Ascherman DP , Li ZG 
Published: April 2014

Background Previous work suggests that lipocalin 2 is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that this novel antigen could serve as a high-quality renal biomarker of acute kidney injury in SLE. However, serum lipocalin 2 antibody levels remain unclear. We have therefore undertaken this study to assess the level of serum IgG antibody against lipocalin 2 in different disease states and to evaluate the diagnostic value of this potential biomarker in SLE. Methods Serum levels of anti-lipocalin IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA in 103 SLE patients, 93 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, 29 primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients, 13 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and 91 healthy controls. Diagnostic properties of anti-lipocalin IgG were determined by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The level of serum anti-lipocalin IgG in patients with SLE was significantly higher than in patients with RA, pSS, SSc, or healthy controls ( p < 0.05), effectively distinguishing SLE from other conditions with high sensitivity and specificity (49.5% and 90.7%, respectively). In ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.783, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) extending from 0.729 to 0.839. Anti-lipocalin antibodies were present in 48.1% of anti-Sm-negative SLE patients, and also occurred in SLE patients lacking anti-dsDNA (52%) or anti-nucleosome antibodies (46.3%) antibodies. Finally, SLE patients with positive anti-lipocalin IgG possessed higher levels of IgA and CRP than the negative group ( p < 0.05), clearly demonstrating a positive correlation between anti-lipocalin IgG and these laboratory parameters. Conclusions Anti-lipocalin 2 IgG is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of SLE, particularly when obtained in conjunction with anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA, and anti-nucleosome antibody levels.
Mechanisms of α-Mangostin-Induced Antinociception in a Rodent Model
Authors: Sani Mohd. Hijaz Mohd. , Taher Muhammad , Susanti Deny , Kek Teh Lay , Salleh Mohd. Zaki , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Elucidate the antinociceptive mechanisms of α-mangostin isolated from Garcinia malaccensis Linn. Methods: Male mice/rats ( n = 6/group) were used in this between-group study. To determine α-mangostin’s antinociceptive profile, animals were given α-mangostin orally (3, 30, or 100 mg/kg) 60 min before the start of the abdominal constriction or formalin tests. In the hot plate test, the noxious stimulus was applied before and 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 min after treatment with test solutions. Positive controls received 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; oral) or 5 mg/kg morphine (intraperitoneal injection) for the abdominal constriction and hot plate tests, respectively, and either ASA or morphine for the formalin test. Negative controls received vehicle only. To explore α-mangostin’s mechanisms of action, we performed (i) the hot plate test with naloxone (5 mg/kg) pretreatment to verify involvement of opioid receptors; (ii) the abdominal constriction test with 20 mg/kg l-arginine, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl esters (l-NAME), methylene blue (MB), l-arginine plus l-NAME, or l-arginine plus MB or 10 mg/kg glibenclamide pretreatment to verify involvement of the l-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and K+-ATP pathways; and (iii) the paw-licking test using capsaicin (1.6 μg capsaicin/paw), glutamate (10 μmol glutamate/paw), or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 0.05 µg/paw) to verify involvement of vanilloid receptors, the glutamatergic system, and protein kinase C (PKC). Results: α-mangostin significantly inhibited nociception ( p < .05) in all models. Only naloxone, l-arginine, methylene blue, PMA, and glibenclamide affected α-mangostin antinociception significantly ( p < .05). Conclusion: α-mangostin exhibits peripheral and central antinociception through modulation of opioid and vanilloid receptors, the glutamatergic system, and the l-arginine/NO/cGMP/PKC/K+-ATP pathways.
Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy
Authors: King William M. , Saseen Joseph J. , Anderson Sarah L. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Determine the incidence of major diabetes risk factors over time in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational chart review of adult patients without diabetes in primary care who initiated statin therapy between 2005 and 2010. Presence of diabetes risk factors were determined 1 year prior to statin initiation and continued up to a maximum of 7 years. Diabetes risk factors included impaired fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, hemoglobin A1c >6% and metabolic syndrome. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of diabetes risk factors over time. Results: A total of 98 patients met study criteria; mean age was 57 ± 13 years, 43% were men and 71% self-identified as Caucasian/white. Mean baseline values were A1c of 5.97%, fasting glucose of 104 mg/dl and BMI of 28 kg/m2. There were zero diabetes risk factors over time in 54% ± 7% of patients. The incidence over time of 1 risk factor was 25 ± 9%, 2 risk factors was 17 ± 5% and 3 risk factors was 3 ± 2%. A total of 12 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the course of the study period. Conclusion: The incidence of diabetes risk factors did not change over time in an ambulatory adult population prescribed chronic statin therapy. Larger population studies assessing the incidence of and change in diabetes risk factors in patients on chronic statin therapy may help assess the association between statin therapy and presence of such risk factors.
Physiologic hypoxia promotes maintenance of CML stem cells despite effective BCR-ABL1 inhibition
Authors: Ng King Pan , Manjeri Aditi , Lee Kian Leong , Huang Weijie , Tan Soo Yong , Chuah Charles T. H. , Poellinger Lorenz , Ong S. Tiong 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
Hypoxia mediates TKI resistance. Hypoxia enhances CML stem cell maintenance.
Socioeconomic disparities in mortality after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the modern treatment era
Authors: Tao Li , Foran James M. , Clarke Christina A. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
Patients living in low SES neighborhoods had worse survival after DLBCL. Disparity was most striking in younger (non-Medicare) patients and after the introduction of rituximab.
Eradication of bone marrow minimal residual disease may prompt early treatment discontinuation in CLL
Authors: Strati Paolo , Keating Michael J. , O'Brien Susan M. , Burger Jan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Jain Nitin , Tambaro Francesco Paolo , Estrov Zeev , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Challagundla Pramoda , Faderl Stefan H. , Wierda William G. 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
MRD eradication is a desirable end point in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Early MRD eradication may prompt treatment discontinuation.
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Graus Francesc , Ariño Helena , Dalmau Josep 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) rarely associate with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-HLs (NHLs). Except for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) in HL and dermato/ polymyositis in both HL and NHL, other PNSs are uncommon and have only been reported as isolated case reports or short series. There are several important differences in PNSs when occurring in association with HL and NHL compared with those associated with solid tumors. First, some PNSs such as sensory neuronopathy or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome rarely occur in lymphomas, whereas others, such as granulomatous angiitis, are only described in HL. Second, onconeural antibodies are absent in most PNSs associated with lymphomas with the exceptions of Tr (δ/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor) in PCD and mGluR5 in limbic encephalitis (LE). The antigens recognized by these antibodies are not expressed in lymphoma cells, suggesting the tumor itself does not trigger the PNS. Third, unlike patients with solid tumors in patients with lymphoma, the PNSs often develops at advanced stages of the disease. Furthermore, the type and frequency of PNSs are different between HL and NHL; whereas LE and PCD occur almost exclusively in patients with HL, sensorimotor neuropathies and dermatomyositis are more frequent in NHL.
chaoptin, prominin, eyes shut and crumbs form a genetic network controlling the apical compartment of Drosophila photoreceptor cells
Authors: Gurudev Nagananda , Yuan Michaela , Knust Elisabeth 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The apical surface of epithelial cells is often highly specialised to fulfil cell type-specific functions. Many epithelial cells expand their apical surface by forming microvilli, actin-based, finger-like membrane protrusions. The apical surface of Drosophila photoreceptor cells (PRCs) forms tightly packed microvilli, which are organised into the photosensitive rhabdomeres. As previously shown, the GPI-anchored adhesion protein Chaoptin is required for the stability of the microvilli, whereas the transmembrane protein Crumbs is essential for proper rhabdomere morphogenesis. Here we show that chaoptin synergises with crumbs to ensure optimal rhabdomere width. In addition, reduction of crumbs ameliorates morphogenetic defects observed in PRCs mutant for prominin and eyes shut, known antagonists of chaoptin. These results suggest that these four genes provide a balance of adhesion and anti-adhesion to maintain microvilli development and maintenance. Similar to crumbs mutant PRCs, PRCs devoid of prominin or eyes shut undergo light-dependent retinal degeneration. Given the observation that human orthologues of crumbs, prominin and eyes shut result in progressive retinal degeneration and blindness, the Drosophila eye is ideally suited to unravel the genetic and cellular mechanisms that ensure morphogenesis of PRCs and their maintenance under light-mediated stress.
Opposing microtubule motors control motility, morphology and cargo segregation during ER-to-Golgi transport
Authors: Brown Anna K. , Hunt Sylvie D. , Stephens David J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
We recently demonstrated that dynein and kinesin motors drive multiple aspects of endosomal function in mammalian cells. These functions include driving motility, maintaining morphology (notably through providing longitudinal tension to support vesicle fission), and driving cargo sorting. Microtubule motors drive bidirectional motility during traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Here, we have examined the role of microtubule motors in transport carrier motility, morphology, and domain organization during ER-to-Golgi transport. We show that, consistent with our findings for endosomal dynamics, microtubule motor function during ER-to-Golgi transport of secretory cargo is required for motility, morphology, and cargo sorting within vesicular tubular carriers en route to the Golgi. Our data are consistent with previous findings that defined roles for dynein-1, kinesin-1 (KIF5B) and kinesin-2 in this trafficking step. Our high resolution tracking data identify some intriguing aspects. Depletion of kinesin-1 reduces the number of motile structures seen, which is in line with other findings relating to the role of kinesin-1 in ER export. However, those transport carriers that were produced had a much greater run length suggesting that this motor can act as a brake on anterograde motility. Kinesin-2 depletion did not significantly reduce the number of motile transport carriers but did cause a similar increase in run length. These data suggest that kinesins act as negative regulators of ER-to-Golgi transport. Depletion of dynein not only reduced the number of motile carriers formed but also caused tubulation of carriers similar to that seen for sorting nexin-coated early endosomes. Our data indicated that the previously observed anterograde–retrograde polarity of transport carriers in transit to the Golgi from the ER is maintained by microtubule motor function.
Dynamic GLUT4 sorting through a syntaxin-6 compartment in muscle cells is derailed by insulin resistance-causing ceramide
Authors: Foley Kevin P. , Klip Amira 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
GLUT4 constitutively recycles between the plasma membrane and intracellular depots. Insulin shifts this dynamic equilibrium towards the plasma membrane by recruiting GLUT4 to the plasma membrane from insulin-responsive vesicles. Muscle is the primary site for dietary glucose deposition; however, how GLUT4 sorts into insulin-responsive vesicles, and if and how insulin resistance affects this process, is unknown. In L6 myoblasts stably expressing myc-tagged GLUT4, we analyzed the intracellular itinerary of GLUT4 as it internalizes from the cell surface and examined if such sorting is perturbed by C2-ceramide, a lipid metabolite causing insulin resistance. Surface-labeled GLUT4myc that internalized for 30 min accumulated in a Syntaxin-6 (Stx6)- and Stx16-positive perinuclear sub-compartment devoid of furin or internalized transferrin, and displayed insulin-responsive re-exocytosis. C2-ceramide dispersed the Stx6-positive sub-compartment and prevented insulin-responsive re-exocytosis of internalized GLUT4myc, even under conditions not affecting insulin-stimulated signaling towards Akt. Microtubule disruption with nocodazole prevented pre-internalized GLUT4myc from reaching the Stx6-positive perinuclear sub-compartment and from undergoing insulin-responsive exocytosis. Removing nocodazole allowed both parameters to recover, suggesting that the Stx6-positive perinuclear sub-compartment was required for GLUT4 insulin-responsiveness. Accordingly, Stx6 knockdown inhibited by ∼50% the ability of internalized GLUT4myc to undergo insulin-responsive re-exocytosis without altering its overall perinuclear accumulation. We propose that Stx6 defines the insulin-responsive compartment in muscle cells. Our data are consistent with a model where ceramide could cause insulin resistance by altering intracellular GLUT4 sorting.
Non-specificity of Pitstop 2 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Willox Anna K. , Sahraoui Yasmina M. E. , Royle Stephen J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Small molecule inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis are highly desired for the dissection of membrane trafficking pathways in the lab and for potential use as anti-infectives in the clinic. One inhibition strategy is to prevent clathrin from contacting adaptor proteins so that clathrin-mediated endocytosis cannot occur. “Pitstop” compounds have been developed that block only one of the four functional interaction sites on the N-terminal domain of clathrin heavy chain. Despite this limitation, Pitstop 2 causes profound inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In this study, we probed for non-specific activity of Pitstop 2 by examining its action in cells expressing clathrin heavy chain harbouring mutations in the N-terminal domain interaction sites. We conclude that the inhibition observed with this compound is due to non-specificity, i.e. it causes inhibition away from its proposed mode of action. We recommend that these compounds be used with caution in cells and that they should not be used to conclude anything of the function of clathrin's N-terminal domain.
Beyond the dichotomies of cultural and political relativism: arguing the case for a social justice based ‘global social work’ definition
Authors: Ioakimidis Vasilios 
Published: April 2014

The Social Work World Congress in Melbourne in 2014 will discuss a new internationally agreed definition of social work. The present definition, passed by the International Federation of Social Work in 2000 and the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2001, is being reviewed because of its strong commitment to social justice. In this article I argue that this commitment is vital and that, furthermore, it has enabled practitioners to act in ways that are ethical and supportive of marginalised and oppressed groups in the face of assault from political parties, media and the state.
The debate over a new international definition of social work reveals the conflictual and contested nature of social work – as a practice that is necessarily ‘political’ within oppressive and class-divided societies. A failure to acknowledge this has, in the past, led some social work organisations and practitioners to act in ways that are oppressive and supportive of existing power relations at the expense of poor and marginalised people. The debate about the international definition of social work, therefore, is vital for our understanding of the nature and role of social work in the present world.
Transgressive edge play and Srpski Film/A Serbian Film
Authors: Kimber Shaun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Using Srpski Film/A Serbian Film (Spasojevic, 2010) as a case study this article examines transgressive edge play within contemporary horror film. The article starts by outlining two main assumptions: that transgression within horror cinema is customary rather than the exception; and that it is productive to study horror films holistically as a set of social and industrial practices, as an aesthetic object and as a social and cultural experience. The article then presents four overlapping contentions in relation to the complex ways in which A Serbian Film has engaged in transgressive edge play, in terms of its production contexts, aesthetics and narrative, and also the modes through which regulators, audiences and critics have responded to that boundary testing. An argument is developed, which contends that A Serbian Film, depending upon context and audience, has tested, infringed and also reinforced a gamut of thresholds in relation to what is contemporaneously tolerable within horror films.
Victorian science and spiritualism in The Legend of Hell House
Authors: Leeder Murray 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article explores how The Legend of Hell House (1973), the cinematic adaptation of Richard Matheson’s novel Hell House ([1971] 1999), updates debates and struggles between scientists and spiritualists in the Victorian period, reworking many key themes and even individual personages. It shows that the film exposes the links between understandings of the scientific and the supernatural that underlie their superficial opposition. It also discusses how The Legend of Hell House self-reflexively comments upon the ‘supernaturalization’ of modern media technology and especially the ‘supernatural’ characteristics ascribed to cinema in its first years.