bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of spread‐F signature and GPS scintillation occurrences at Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Alfonsi L. , Spogli L. , Pezzopane M. , Romano V. , Zuccheretti E. , De Franceschi G. , Cabrera M. A. , Ezquer R. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe analyze data recorded from October 2010 to September 2011, during the ascending phase of the 24th solar cycle, from an Advanced Ionospheric Sounder‐Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia ionosonde and a GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and total electron content (TEC) monitor scintillation receiver, colocated at low latitude in the Southern American longitudinal sector (Tucumán, 26.9°S, 294.6°E, magnetic latitude 15.5°S, Argentina). The site offers the opportunity to perform spread‐F and GPS scintillation statistics of occurrence under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly. Spread‐F signatures, classified into four types (strong range spread‐F (SSF), range spread‐F, frequency spread‐F (FSF), and mixed spread‐F), the phase and amplitude scintillation index (σΦ and S4, respectively), the TEC, and the rate of TEC parameter, marker of the TEC gradients, that can cause scintillations, are considered. The seasonal behavior results as follows: the occurrence of all four types of spread‐F is higher in summer and lower in winter, while the occurrence of scintillations peaks at equinoxes in the postsunset sector and shows a minimum in winter. The correspondence between SSF and scintillations seems to be systematic, and a possible correlation between S4 and FSF peaks is envisaged at the terminator. The investigation focused also on two particular periods, from 12 to 16 March 2011 and from 23 to 29 September 2011, both characterized by the simultaneous presence of SSF signatures and scintillation phenomena, allowing to discuss the role of traveling ionospheric disturbances as a strong candidate causing ionospheric irregularities.
Planetary wave‐gravity wave interactions during mesospheric inversion layer events
Authors: Ramesh K. , Sridharan S. , Raghunath K. , Vijaya Bhaskara Rao S. , Bhavani Kumar Y. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRayleigh lidar temperature observations over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) show a few mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) events during 20–25 January 2007. The zonal mean removed SABER temperature shows warm anomalies around 50°E and 275°E indicating the presence of planetary wave of zonal wave number 2. The MIL amplitudes in SABER temperature averaged for 10°N–15°N and 70°E–90°E show a clear 2 day wave modulation during 20–28 January 2007. Prior to 20 January 2007, a strong 2day wave (zonal wave number 2) is observed in the height region of 80–90 km and it gets largely suppressed during 20–26 January 2007 as the condition for vertical propagation is not favorable, though it prevails at lower heights. The 10 day mean zonal wind over Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E) shows deceleration of eastward winds indicating the westward drag due to wave dissipation. The nightly mean MF radar observed zonal winds show the presence of alternating eastward and westward winds during the period of 20–26 January 2007. The two dimensional spectrum of Rayleigh lidar temperature observations available for the nights of 20, 22, and 24 January 2007 shows the presence of gravity wave activity with periods 18 min, 38 min, 38 min, and vertical wavelengths 6.4 km, 4.0 km, 6.4 km respectively. From the dispersion relation of gravity waves, it is inferred that these waves are internal gravity waves rather than inertia gravity waves with the horizontal phase speeds of ~40 m/s, ~37 m/s, and ~50 m/s respectively. Assuming the gravity waves are eastward propagating waves, they get absorbed only in the eastward local wind fields of the planetary wave thereby causing turbulence and eddy diffusion which can be inferred from the estimation of large drag force due to the breaking of gravity wave leading to the formation of large amplitude inversion events in alternate nights. The present study shows that, the mesospheric temperature inversion is caused mainly due to the gravity wave breaking and the inversion amplitude may get modulated by the interaction between gravity waves and planetary waves. The eddy diffusion associated with gravity wave drag may also cause suppression in the planetary wave activity.
Airborne MAX‐DOAS measurements over California: Testing the NASA OMI tropospheric NO2 product
Authors: Oetjen Hilke , Baidar Sunil , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Lamsal Lok N. , Lechner Michael , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAirborne Multi‐AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMAX‐DOAS) measurements of NO2 tropospheric vertical columns were performed over California for two months in summer 2010. The observations are compared to the NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric vertical columns (data product v2.1) in two ways: (1) Median data were compared for the whole time period for selected boxes, and the agreement was found to be fair (R = 0.97, slope = 1.4 ± 0.1, N = 10). (2) A comparison was performed on the mean of coincident AMAX‐DOAS measurements within the area of the corresponding OMI pixels with the tropospheric NASA OMI NO2 assigned to that pixel. The effects of different data filters were assessed. Excellent agreement and a strong correlation (R = 0.85, slope = 1.05 ± 0.09, N = 56) was found for (2) when the data were filtered to eliminate large pixels near the edge of the OMI orbit, the cloud radiance fraction was <50%, the OMI overpass occurred within 2 h of the AMAX‐DOAS measurements, the flight altitude was >2 km, and a representative sample of the footprint was taken by the AMAX‐DOAS instrument. The AMAX‐DOAS and OMI data sets both show a reduction of NO2 tropospheric columns on weekends by 38 ± 24% and 33 ± 11%, respectively. The assumptions in the tropospheric satellite air mass factor simulations were tested using independent measurements of surface albedo, aerosol extinction, and NO2 profiles for Los Angeles for July 2010 indicating an uncertainty of 12%.
Timing of the hepatic arterial phase at Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced hepatic dynamic MRI: Comparison of the test‐injection and the fixed‐time delay method
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Nakaura Takeshi , Kidoh Masafumi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Doi Yasuro , Harada Kazunori , Uemura Shozaburou , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo compare the fixed‐time‐ and the test‐injection method with respect to the image quality of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the adequacy of timing of the hepatic arterial phase (HAP) in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA (EOB) enhanced MRI.Materials and MethodsWe studied 63 patients with computed tomography (CT) ‐proven hypervascular HCC: 30 (group 1) were scanned HAP using the fixed‐time delay method (protocol 1); in the other 33 (group 2), we applied the test‐injection method (protocol 2). We compared the protocols with respect with tumor‐to‐liver contrast (TLC), contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio (CNR), and relative enhancement of the liver and tumor (REL, RET) during HAP. Two radiologists compared the adequacy of HAP, image contrast, image noise, and overall image quality.ResultsUnder protocol 2, TLC, CNR, and REL and RET of hypervascular HCC were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The proportion of optimal HAP was significantly higher for protocol 2 than protocol 1 (P < 0.01). The visual score of the image contrast and the overall image quality were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionAt EOB‐enhanced hepatic dynamic MRI, the test‐injection method yielded better image quality of hypervascular HCC and improved adequacy of timing of HAP. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;38:548–554. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct comparison of intra‐articular versus intravenous delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of hip joint cartilage
Authors: Zilkens Christoph , Miese Falk , Kim Young‐Jo , Jäger Marcus , Mamisch Tallal C. , Hosalkar Harish , Antoch Gerald , Krauspe Rüdiger , Bittersohl Bernd 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo investigate the potential of delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cartilage (dGEMRIC) after intra‐articular (ia) contrast agent administration at 3 Tesla (T), a paired study comparing intravenous (iv) dGEMRIC (standard) with ia‐dGEMRIC was performed.Materials and MethodsThirty‐five symptomatic patients with suspected cartilage damage underwent ia‐ and iv‐dGEMRIC. MRI was performed with a 3T system wherein the interval between both measurements was 2 weeks. For iv‐dGEMRIC, FDA approved Gd‐DOTA− was injected intravenously 45 min before the MRI scan. For ia‐dGEMRIC, 10–20 mL of a 2 mM solution of Gd‐ DOTA− was injected under fluoroscopic guidance 30 min before the MRI scan.ResultsBoth ia‐ and iv‐dGEMRIC demonstrated the typical T1Gd pattern in hip joint cartilage with increasing values toward the superior regions in acetabular cartilage reflecting the higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in the main weight‐bearing area. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate correlation between both techniques (r = 0.439, P‐value < 0.001), whereas the T1Gd values for iv‐dGEMRIC were significantly higher than those for ia‐dGEMRIC. This corresponds with the Bland‐Altman plot analysis, which revealed a systemic bias (higher T1Gd values after iv gadolinium application) of ∼70 ms.ConclusionIa‐dGEMRIC was able to reveal the characteristic T1Gd pattern in hip joint cartilage confirming the sensitivity of ia‐dGEMRIC for GAG. In addition, there was a significant correlation between iv‐dGEMRIC and ia‐dGEMRIC. However, the T1Gd values after ia contrast media application were significantly lower than those after iv application that has to be considered for future studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:94–102. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioactive‐rich extracts of persimmon, but not nettle, Sideritis, dill or kale, increase eNOS activation and NO bioavailability and decrease endothelin‐1 secretion by human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Woodcock Mark E , Hollands Wendy J , Konic‐Ristic Aleksandra , Glibetic Maria , Boyko Nadiya , Koçaoglu Bike , Kroon Paul A 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is increasing evidence that consumption of plant bioactives such as polyphenols and glucosinolates reduces cardiovascular disease risk and improves endothelial function. In the Black Sea area, a number of plants are consumed alone and as ingredients in traditional foods, and dill, nettle, kale, Sideritis and persimmon were identified as bioactive‐rich traditional food plants. The present study investigated the effects of plant extracts on cellular markers of endothelial function (eNOS activation and expression and ET‐1 secretion).RESULTSTreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with persimmon extract significantly increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide metabolites and significantly decreased secretion of ET‐1 to the media after 24 h compared with a vehicle control (all P < 0.01). None of the other plant extracts significantly altered any markers of endothelial function.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that persimmon fruit contains bioactives that can improve endothelial function via activation of eNOS and reduction in ET‐1 secretion, but that dill, kale, Sideritis and nettle do not. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement of binocular disparity in polarized based stereoscopic display by using digital camera
Authors: Chen Yu‐Ta , Hsu Shau‐Wei , Pong Bao‐Jen , Ou‐Yang Mang , Lee Cheng‐Chung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work presents an image displacement measurement by using a box pattern and the edge spread function analysis in the polarized based stereoscopic displays. The measurement determines to identify three factors (i.e., box size, image displacement, and spatial frequency response (SFR)) from the box patterns. The polarized based stereoscopic displays might sacrifice pixels for producing 3D images, which might produce errors in the image displacement and then affect the depth perception indirectly. Based on the measurement, the errors can be quantified by using the three factors. Owing to the light leakage distorting the edge spread function to obtain an inferior SFR, exactly how light leakage affects the edge spread function can be resolved on the basis of the SFR results, especially at a frequency (1/display pixel) of 1.9 in the case of the horizontal displacement. Light leakage also induces the error of the box height in even and odd intervals of the vertical displacements more than 2 pixels and 0.5 pixels, respectively. The image displacement measurement provides a simple and comprehensive means of evaluating the optical characteristics, disparity, and sharpness of the stereoscopic displays, via the three factors.
Viewing direction measurements on flat and curved flexible E‐paper displays
Authors: Hertel Dirk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe viewing direction characterization of reflective displays is more demanding than for emissive displays because defined illumination–detection geometries must be maintained for each viewing direction. In addition, the geometry should mimic the behavior of viewers who tend to exclude the reflection of light sources from a handheld reflective display. Viewing direction data was extracted from measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions, showing that a source inclination of 45° sufficiently excludes the specular and haze components of source reflection from the measurement. Applying this so‐called 45/θ geometry to curved flexible displays is not straightforward since viewing direction, display curvature, and alignment each affect the measured reflectance. The viewing direction geometry proposed for convex cylindrical displays uses a ring light to deliver viewing‐direction independent illuminance, and maps the range of viewing directions onto the pixels of an image sensor. The illumination can also be applied to flat displays, allowing direct comparisons of flat and cylindrical display states. First results on e‐paper show good agreement with Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function data.
In vivo laser assisted microvascular repair and end‐to‐end anastomosis by means of indocyanine green‐infused chitosan patches: A pilot study
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Rossi Francesca , Matteini Paolo , Scerrati Alba , Puca Alfredo , Albanese Alessio , Rossi Giacomo , Ratto Fulvio , Maira Giulio , Pini Roberto 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaser‐based repairing techniques offer several advantages respect to standard suturing in microsurgery. In this work we evaluate the applicability and feasibility of two innovative laser‐based approaches for microvascular repair and anastomoses: (1) laser‐assisted vascular repair (LAVR); (2) laser‐assisted end‐to‐end vascular anastomosis (LAVA). All these procedures have been executed by the use of diode laser irradiation and chitosan‐patches infused with Indocyanine Green (ICG).Study Design/Materials and MethodsExperiments were performed on 30 rabbits. Twenty animals underwent LAVR and 10 end‐to‐end LAVA procedures. In the LAVR group, a 5‐mm longitudinal cut was performed on the common carotid artery (CCA), then an ICG‐infused chitosan patch was topically applied and laser‐soldered over the arterial lesion. In the LAVA group the end‐to‐end anastomosis was executed on CCA by means of application of the three interrupted sutures and subsequent laser soldering of the ICG‐infused patch. Animals underwent different follow‐up periods (2, 7, 30, and 90 days). At the end of every follow‐up, the animals were re‐anesthetized and a microdoppler analysis was performed in order to check patency of the treated vessels. Then soldered segments were excised and subjected to histological and ultrastructural evaluations.ResultsAt the end of surgery no bleeding from the treated segment was observed; all the treated vessels were patent. At the end of follow‐up periods, no signs of perivascular haemorrhage were found. An intraoperative microdoppler evaluation assessed the patency of all the treated vessels. Histology showed a good reorganization of the vascular wall structures and an early endothelial regeneration was observed by SEM.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the efficacy of laser tissue soldering by means of ICG‐infused chitosan patches for the in vivo repairing of microvascular lesions and end‐to‐end anastomoses. This approach offers several advantages over conventional suturing methods and is technically easy to perform, minimizing the surgical trauma to vessels. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:318–325, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoresponsive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Large‐Compound Vesicles
Authors: Peng Bo , Chen Yongming 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHerein, gelated thermoresponsive large‐compound vesicles (LCVs) are reported for the first time. The LCVs are prepared by self‐assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly[N‐isopropylacrylamide‐random‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] [PEO‐b‐P(NIPAM‐r‐TMPM)] in DMF‐water mixture. Then, sol‐gel reaction of the reactive PTMPM block is performed to stabilize the LCVs. LCVs with higher cross‐linking density keep almost the same size under different temperatures while LCVs with lower cross‐linking density display obviously thermoresponsive size transition between 22 and 36 °C. The gelated LCVs exhibit enhanced permeability with temperature elevation and their permeabilities at different temperatures all elevate with increasing the cross‐linking density.magnified image
Lack of polysomnographic Non‐REM sleep changes in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Diederich Nico J. , Rufra Olivier , Pieri Vannina , Hipp Géraldine , Vaillant Michel 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPolysomnography (PSG) data are rare in patients who have early stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).MethodsThirty‐three patients who had IPD with a disease duration ≤3 years and 37 age‐matched controls were recruited. PSG analysis was performed on current medication.ResultsPatients with IPD had a reduced mean percentage of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (80% vs 93%; P < 0.05). Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, indices/hour of arousals, awakenings, apnea/hypopnea, and periodic leg movements were similar in both groups. Age, but not dopaminergic medication, had a negative impact on sleep architecture in patients with IPD. There was no correlation between sleep efficiency assessed by PSG and sleep quality assessed by questionnaire.ConclusionsThe results confirmed a reduction in muscle atonia during REM sleep as a characteristic finding in early IPD. However, there were no further disease‐inherent or medication‐induced changes in sleep architecture. Although sleep disturbances are considered to be an integral part of IPD, PSG cannot yet identify them objectively at an early stage. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Critical evaluation of mixed treatment comparison meta‐analyses using examples assessing antidepressants and opioid detoxification treatments
Authors: Schacht Alexander , Dyachkova Yulia , Walton Richard James 
Published: June 2013

AbstractComparing multiple treatment options using meta‐analytical methods requires complex statistical methods called mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs). Such methods offer the possibility to summarize data from many clinical trials comparing the different available options. However, those methods are based on a number of assumptions and inherent difficulties that are discussed and illustrated with examples from the psychiatric literature to help readers to understand the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. This review will help enable readers to critically appraise the methodology and results of publications that use MTCs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between human clusterin in seminal plasma with sperm protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Akbari Hakimeh , Heidari Mohammad Hassan , Molouki Aidin , Murulitharan Kavitha , Moeini Hassan , Novin Marefat Ghaffari , Aabed Farhang , Taheri Hossein , Fadaei Fateme , Mohsenzadeh Mehdi , Jafari Mohammad , Pirouzi Aliyar , Heidari Reihane 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYSeminal proteins can be considered as factors that control fertilization. Clusterin is one such protein that has been implicated in many activities, including apoptosis inhibition, cell cycle control, DNA repair, and sperm maturation. In this study, the relationship between human secretory clusterin (sCLU) in seminal plasma with sperm parameters, protamine deficiency, and DNA fragmentation was investigated. Semen samples were collected from 63 Iranian men, and semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization criteria and computer aided semen analysis (CASA). The concentration of sCLU in seminal plasma was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), protamine deficiency was determined by chromomycin A3 staining (CMA3), and sperm DNA fragmentation was checked by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay. The level of sCLU in seminal fluid of fertile patients was 48.3 ± 38.6 ng/ml and in infertile patients was 15.5 ± 9.7 ng/ml; this difference was significant (P < 0.001). sCLU correlated negatively with protamine deficiency, sperm DNA fragmentation, and abnormal morphology. In conclusion, seminal clusterin can be considered as a marker for the quick assessment of semen quality in male infertility studies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 718–724, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chinese translation and validation of the questionnaire on the process of recovery in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Authors: Chien Wai Tong , Chan Zenobia C. Y. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIndividuals recovering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders who have residual symptoms can achieve relatively normal work and social functioning in the community. This research aimed to test the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 22‐item Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery. The translated Chinese QPR had satisfactory semantic equivalence with the original scale and high Cronbach alpha coefficients and test–retest stability at a 2‐week interval. When tested in 300 outpatients with psychosis, the Chinese version was found to consist of three factors (Self‐Empowerment, Rebuilding Life, and Effective Interpersonal Relationships) with satisfactory correlations with patients' quality of life, self‐efficacy, and functioning. The Chinese version appears reliable and valid as a measure of psychotic patients' perceived levels of recovery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 400–411, 2013