bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Impatiens Downy Mildew Caused by Plasmopara obducens in Kentucky
Authors: Ward N. A. , Dixon E. , Amsden B. 
Published: November 2012

Impatiens downy mildew (Plasmopara obducens (J. Schröt.) J. Schröt. (syn Peronospora obducens) was first reported in the United States in 2004, but widespread outbreaks were observed throughout North America in 2011 (5). In June 2012, symptoms, including severe defoliation while plants retained upright stems, were observed on approximately 100 landscape impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook.f.) in Franklin County in central Kentucky. All plants in the landscape were affected. Plants were primarily defoliated and remaining leaves were stunted, mottled, and chlorotic with edges curled downward; no flowers were present. Under examination with a dissecting microscope, white downy fungal growth was observed. Closer examination confirmed that the growth consisted of colorless sporangiophores that were mainly unbranched, straight, and rigid (1,3). Sporangiophores consisted of apical branches attached at right angles to main axes, ranging from 67.2 to 89.9 μm long (1). Sporangia were ovoid and hyaline, measuring 11.2 to 13.3 μm × 8.2 to 10.7 μm (3). No oospores were observed. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating 20 to 40 leaves on three plants each of the cvs. Dazzler and Super Elfin with suspensions of 1 × 105 sporangiophores per ml in sterile distilled water. Sporangia were obtained by washing infected leaves with sterile distilled water, and inoculations were completed by spraying leaves until runoff. Plants sprayed with sterile water served as controls. Plants were covered with black plastic bags for 48 h and then maintained under fluorescent lights for 10 days at room temperature (22 to 25°C). Sporangiophores were recovered from inoculated plants after 10 days, and morphology matched original inoculum; symptoms included chlorotic, downward curling leaves with sporulation on the undersides. Non-inoculated plants did not develop symptoms after 21 days. Molecular identification of the pathogen was conducted using three leaves from one plant from each cultivar. PCR was conducted by amplifying the large ribosomal subunit DNA using primers NL-1 and NL-4 (2). Amplicons of 762 to 691 bp were produced from diseased plant tissue that contained visible sporangiophores, and the bands were extracted from the gel and purified. Sequence results confirmed 100% similarity to accessions from Florida (GenBank Accession No. JX217746.1) and Ohio (JX142134.1) and 99% similarity to amplicons reported from Serbia (HQ246451.1) and UK (AY587558.1). This is believed to be the first report of downy mildew infecting impatiens in Kentucky. References: (1) O. Constantinescu. Mycologia 83:473, 1991. (2) W. Maier et al. Can. J. Bot 81:12, 2003. (3) P. A. Saccardo. Syllogue Fungorum 7:242, 1888. (4) S. N. Wegulo et al. Plant Dis. 88:909, 2004.
Identification and Characterization of the Missing Pyrimidine Reductase in the Plant Riboflavin Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Hasnain Ghulam , Frelin Océane , Roje Sanja , Ellens Kenneth W. , Ali Kashif , Guan Jiahn-Chou , Garrett Timothy J. , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Gregory Jesse F. , McCarty Donald R. , Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the precursor of the flavin coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. In Escherichia coli and other bacteria, sequential deamination and reduction steps in riboflavin biosynthesis are catalyzed by RibD, a bifunctional protein with distinct pyrimidine deaminase and reductase domains. Plants have two diverged RibD homologs, PyrD and PyrR; PyrR proteins have an extra carboxyl-terminal domain (COG3236) of unknown function. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PyrD (encoded by At4g20960) is known to be a monofunctional pyrimidine deaminase, but no pyrimidine reductase has been identified. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that plant PyrR proteins have a catalytically competent reductase domain but lack essential zinc-binding residues in the deaminase domain, and that the Arabidopsis PyrR gene (At3g47390) is coexpressed with riboflavin synthesis genes. These observations imply that PyrR is a pyrimidine reductase without deaminase activity. Consistent with this inference, Arabidopsis or maize (Zea mays) PyrR (At3g47390 or GRMZM2G090068) restored riboflavin prototrophy to an E. coli ribD deletant strain when coexpressed with the corresponding PyrD protein (At4g20960 or GRMZM2G320099) but not when expressed alone; the COG3236 domain was unnecessary for complementing activity. Furthermore, recombinant maize PyrR mediated NAD(P)H-dependent pyrimidine reduction in vitro. Import assays with pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts showed that PyrR and PyrD are taken up and proteolytically processed. Ablation of the maize PyrR gene caused early seed lethality. These data argue that PyrR is the missing plant pyrimidine reductase, that it is plastid localized, and that it is essential. The role of the COG3236 domain remains mysterious; no evidence was obtained for the possibility that it catalyzes the dephosphorylation that follows pyrimidine reduction.
Staying tuned: grasshoppers from noisy roadside habitats produce courtship signals with elevated frequency components
Authors: Lampe Ulrike , Schmoll Tim , Franzke Alexandra , Reinhold Klaus 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Anthropogenic noise is known to affect acoustic signal production in birds, frogs and mammals. These animals use different mechanisms to adjust their signals to elevated background noise levels (increase in signal amplitude, shift to higher frequencies, etc.). Previous studies have concentrated on behaviourally plastic changes in signal production as a result of elevated background noise levels. To our knowledge, long‐term effects of anthropogenic noise on signal production have not yet been investigated. Moreover, strategies of invertebrate species to ensure acoustic signal transmission under anthropogenic noise have not been examined, so far.

We tested whether and how male Chorthippus biguttulus grasshoppers from noisy roadside habitats may adjust acoustic courtship signals to elevated background noise levels, compared with conspecifics from quiet control habitats. In this species, sexually selected male courtship signals serve to attract potential mating partners, which make the undisturbed transmission of signals in habitats with increased background noise levels crucial for male reproductive success.

Compared to males from control populations, males from roadside habitats produced songs with a significantly higher local frequency maximum under standardized, quiet recording conditions. This local frequency maximum (in the range of c. 6–9 kHz) overlaps with low‐frequent road noise that has the potential to degrade or mask this part of the signals' frequency spectrum.

To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that insects from noisy habitats produce different acoustic signals than conspecifics from quiet habitats, possibly using a more permanent mechanism for signal adjustment than behavioural plasticity, which was found in different bird species adjusting to high background noise levels. Such an effect of anthropogenic noise has not been shown for any invertebrate species before, and our results suggest that similar strategies to avoid degradation or masking by noise (i.e. increase in carrier frequency) are used over a wide range of taxa, including both, vertebrates and invertebrates.
Suicide and Psychiatrist's Liability in Italian Law Cases
Authors: Terranova Claudio , Sartore Daniela 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of the study is to analyze the factors that are most frequently associated with a verdict of guilty delivered to the psychiatrist in cases of a patient's suicide in Italian law. Twenty‐six sentences (1975–2009) were analyzed according to the claim of malpractice, patient characteristics, circumstances of the suicide, and reasons for the court's judgment. The court held the psychiatrist guilty in 12 cases, considering that the act of suicide was predictable and could have been avoided. Predictability was mainly related to errors in surveillance (7 cases), therapy (1 case), or both (2 cases). An error in diagnosis was considered to be related to the patient's death in two cases. Analysis of medical behavior considered to be erroneous and associated with a verdict of guilty provides an opportunity to discuss the topics relevant not only to practicing psychiatrists but also to experts assessing medical liability in cases of patient suicide.
Does insider trading explain price run‐up ahead of takeover announcements?
Authors: Aspris Angelo , Foley Sean , Frino Alex 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study empirically examines the impact of changes in substantial shareholdings ahead of 450 Australian takeover offers between the years 2000 and 2009. Previous studies have attributed a significant proportion of the price run‐up effect in takeover targets to insider‐trading behaviour. This study examines the contribution of a broad range of public information sources that are known to typically generate market anticipation, including the acquisition of toeholds ahead of takeover announcements. Our findings show no significant pre‐bid run‐up for takeover targets after considering these sources. We conclude from these results that previous findings attributing pre‐bid share price run‐up to illegal insider trading may overstate the existence of such conduct.
Seasonal flight activity, phenology and physiological status of the major establishment pests of Eucalyptus nitens plantations, Heteronyx dimidiata and H. crinitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)
Authors: Walker Paul W , Allen Geoff R 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHeteronyx dimidiata and H. crinitus are significant pests of young Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Tasmania, but little is known about their biology. Adult beetles feeding on the leaves and developing leaf buds of young seedlings can severely affect their growth and form or even kill them. Yellow‐vaned funnel traps were used to monitor the flight activity of Heteronyx in a commercial plantation over 3 years. Visual searches were also conducted to determine the incidence of inactive beetles in the soil underneath trees and the presence of active beetles on leaves. Over 12 000 H. dimidiata and 1300 H. crinitus were collected during the study. The pattern of trap captures was similar in both species with over 90% of beetles being caught in spring and low numbers being caught throughout summer and autumn. High numbers of H. dimidiata were found in the soil surrounding the roots of Eucalyptus nitens seedlings, but very few larvae were present, indicating that oviposition occurs outside these plantations. Trap data suggest that spring flight activity is principally due to the emergence of overwintering adult beetles and that newly eclosed beetles typically invade plantations during late summer/autumn. Spring trap captures were strongly male biased, suggesting a scramble mating system where males were more active as they competitively searched for females. Over 65% of the variation in H. dimidiata activity in spring was accounted for by levels of solar radiation and wind. Females mated up to three times and ovarian development usually commenced in spring. The incidence of food in the crop was highest during autumn/winter, but the presence of fat in the abdomen was similar throughout the year. The use of yellow‐vaned funnel traps to monitor the flight activity of diurnally active Heteronyx species in commercial Eucalyptus spp. plantations is recommended.
Responses to Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae by several commercial strains of Australian and North American honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Rinderer Thomas E , Oldroyd Benjamin P , Frake Amanda M , de Guzman Lilia I , Bourgeois Lelania 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe potential impact of varroa (Varroa destructor, Anderson & Trueman) on Australian beekeeping and agriculture depends in part on the levels of resistance to this parasite expressed by Australian commercial honeybees (Apis mellifera). The responses of seven lines of Australian honeybees to V. destructor were compared with the responses of a stock of Italian honeybees from the United States known for its susceptibility to V. destructor and two stocks known for their resistance to V. destructor, Russian honeybees (RHB) and a stock expressing the varroa sensitive hygiene trait (VSH). The experiment began in May with uniform colonies having uniform infestation of V. destructor. V. destructor infestations measured as the percentage of adult bees infested in the Australian lines and the Italian stock rose from less than 10% in August to over 25% in October. From August to November, 44% of both the Australian and Italian colonies died while strongly exhibiting symptoms of parasitic mite syndrome. In contrast, RHB and VSH colonies displayed comparative resistance to V. destructor. Their infestation rates rose from about 5% in August to 10% (RHB) and 14% (VSH) in October. Likely, some of this increase resulted from invasion pressure by mites from the dying Australian and Italian colonies. During the August to November period, 4.4% of the RHB and 14.3% of the VSH colonies died. In comparisons of the seven Australian lines, only nonsignificant and trivial differences were found for infestation and mortality rates. All Australian lines were highly susceptible to V. destructor. Additionally, evaluations of rates of Nosema ceranae infections were made throughout the course of the experiment. Although high levels of infection were found across all stocks and lines, no stock or line exhibited an adverse effect from N. ceranae infection.
Stability of Implants Placed in Augmented Posterior Mandible after Alveolar Osteotomy Using Resorbable Nonceramic Hydroxyapatite or Intraoral Autogenous Bone: 12‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Dottore Alexandre M. , Kawakami Paulo Y. , Bechara Karen , Rodrigues Jose Augusto , Cassoni Alessandra , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThis prospective, controlled split‐mouth study evaluated the stability of dental implants placed in the augmented mandibular areas with alveolar segmental “sandwich” osteotomies using nonceramic hydroxyapatite (ncHA) or autogenous bone.Material and MethodsThis study included 11 bilaterally partially edentulous mandibular patients in a split‐mouth design. Alveolar augmentation osteotomies were performed bilaterally with interpositional ncHA graft (test group) or interpositional intraoral autogenous bone graft (control group). After 6 months of healing, four implants (two implants in each side) were placed in each patient. Forty‐four implants were inserted and loaded after 6‐month healing period. At 1‐year follow‐up, radiographic, prosthetic, and resonance frequency analysis parameters were assessed. Success criteria included absence of pain, sensitivity, suppuration, and implant mobility; absence of continuous peri‐implant radiolucency; and distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact (DIB) < 2 mm.ResultsAfter a 1‐year loading period, the overall implant survival rate was 95.45%, with two implant losses (one of each group). Among the surviving implants (42 out of 44), two did not fulfill the success criteria; therefore, the implant success was 90.90%. DIB was 0.71 ± 0.70 and 0.84 ± 0.72 mm for ncHA and autogenous bone grafts, respectively (p > .05). Implant stability measurements were similar between the groups during the 12‐month follow‐up (p > .05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, the implants placed either in sites augmented with ncHA or autogenous bone seem to represent a safe and successful procedure, at least, after 12‐month follow‐up.
Clinical utility of serum reproductive hormones for the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the first trimester
Authors: Feng Chun , Chen Zheng‐Yun , Zhang Jing , Xu Hong , Zhang Xin‐Mei , Huang Xiu‐Feng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAim:  A tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the first trimester remains a major life‐threatening complication for the mother. We aim to determine whether serum reproductive hormones may be clinically useful in the early identification of a tubal EP.Methods:  A total of 109 age‐matched patients with a serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) concentration <2000 IU/L were enrolled, including 68 patients with a tubal EP, 22 with a viable intrauterine pregnancy (vIUP) and 19 with a non‐viable intrauterine pregnancy (nIUP). Serum was collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and assayed for β‐hCG, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TE), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL) by using automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.Results:  Patients with an EP had significantly lower levels of daily β‐hCG variation (Δβ‐hCG/day), P and E2, and significantly higher levels of LH and FSH than IUP patients (P < 0.05). As an EP diagnostic marker, progesterone demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% at the cutoff of 86.01 nmol/L. The combination of E2 with Δβ‐hCG/day reached a specificity of 100% for EP evaluation. To identify non‐viable pregnancies (including EPs and nIUPs), progesterone demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.40% and a specificity of 90.91% at the cutoff of 63.2 nmol/L; the diagnostic power of the receiver operating curve was 0.9702.Conclusions:  A combination of Δβ‐hCG/day, P and E2 may help distinguish EPs and nIUPs from vIUPs, facilitating earlier diagnosis and the timely implementation of medical treatment to prevent tubal rupture.
Spontaneous uterine rupture in a primigravid woman in the early third trimester attributed to adenomyosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nikolaou Marinos , Kourea Helen P. , Antonopoulos Kostas , Geronatsiou Katerina , Adonakis George , Decavalas George 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report a rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture of an unscarred uterus caused by adenomyosis in the early third trimester. A 33‐year‐old primigravid woman was referred to our department because of severe acute abdominal pain and signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic shock. Ultrasound exanimation performed at admission revealed a living, intrauterine fetus of 28 weeks gestational age with reduced amniotic fluid and presence of free peritoneal fluid. The fetal heart rate was non‐reassuring with variable decelerations and severe fetal bradycardia. Emergency cesarean section revealed massive hemoperitoneum and complete rupture in the uterine fundus. Subtotal peripartum hysterectomy with conservation of adnexae was performed. Histological examination revealed adenomyosis at the site of uterine rupture.
Classical Christian Theism and the Criterion of Particularity
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article acknowledges the importance of doing theology proper under the guidance of special revelation and its particular conception of God and argues, against a common contemporary outlook, that the classical Christian theism of Aquinas and the Reformed tradition resonates with the criterion of particularity. To make this case, three features of classical Christian theism (the inference from creatio ex nihilo to the actuality of God, God's freedom from being in a genus and the tendency to treat the divine essence and attributes largely before the treatment of the Trinity) are examined and found to comport formally and materially with the rule of Christian particularity.
Respiratory and sleep disorders in female children with atypical Rett syndrome caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene
Authors: HAGEBEUK EVELINE E O , VAN DEN BOSSCHE RENILDE A S , DE WEERD AL W 
Published: November 2012

Aim  In female children with drug‐resistant seizures and developmental delay from birth, atypical Rett syndrome caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene should be considered. Several clinical features resemble classic Rett syndrome. Respiratory and sleep abnormalities are frequently present in Rett syndrome, whereas little is known in patients with CDKL5 mutations.Method  In four genetically confirmed female patients with CDKL5 mutations (age range 2–15y), the presence of breathing and sleep abnormalities was evaluated using the validated Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and polysomnography (PSG).Results  The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children indicated disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, daytime somnolence, and sleep breathing disorders. In one patient, PSG showed central apnoeas during sleep: her total apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) was 4.9, of which the central AHI was 3.4/h. When awake, central apnoeas were present in two of the four female children (central AHI 28/h and 41/h respectively), all preceded by hyperventilation. PSG showed low rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (9.7–18.3%), frequent awakenings, and low sleep efficiency (range 59–78%).Interpretation  Episodic hyperventilation followed by central apnoeas was present while awake in two of four patients. This may indicate failure of brainstem respiratory centres. In addition, low REM sleep, frequent arousals (not caused by apnoeas/seizures), and low sleep efficiency were present. Similar to Rett syndrome, in patients with CDKL5 mutations PSG seems warranted to evaluate breathing and sleep disturbances.
Single trial ERP reading based on parallel factor analysis
Authors: Vanderperren Katrien , Mijović Bogdan , Novitskiy Nikolay , Vanrumste Bart , Stiers Peter , Van den Bergh Bea R. H. , Lagae Lieven , Sunaert Stefan , Wagemans Johan , Van Huffel Sabine , De Vos Maarten 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe extraction of task‐related single trial ERP features has recently gained much interest, in particular in simultaneous EEG‐fMRI applications. In this study, a specific decomposition known as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was used, in order to retrieve the task‐related activity from the raw signals. Using visual detection task data, acquired in normal circumstances and simultaneously with fMRI, differences between distinct task‐related conditions can be captured in the trial signatures of specific PARAFAC components when applied to ERP data arranged in Channels × Time × Trials arrays, but the signatures did not correlate with the fMRI data. Despite the need for parameter tuning and careful preprocessing, the approach is shown to be successful, especially when prior knowledge about the expected ERPs is incorporated.
Movements and diving behavior of internesting green turtles along Pacific Costa Rica
Authors: BLANCO Gabriela S. , MORREALE Stephen J. , SEMINOFF Jeffrey A. , PALADINO Frank V. , PIEDRA Rotney , SPOTILA James R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing satellite transmitters, we determined the internesting movements, spatial ecology and diving behavior of East Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Nombre de Jesús and Zapotillal beaches along the Pacific coast of northwestern Costa Rica. Kernel density analysis indicated that turtles spent most of their time in a particularly small area in the vicinity of the nesting beaches (50% utilization distribution was an area of 3 km2). Minimum daily distance traveled during a 12 day internesting period was 4.6 ± 3.5 km. Dives were short and primarily occupied the upper 10 m of the water column. Turtles spent most of their time resting at the surface and conducting U‐dives (ranging from 60 to 81% of the total tracking time involved in those activities). Turtles showed a strong diel pattern, U‐dives mainly took place during the day and turtles spent a large amount of time resting at the surface at night. The lack of long‐distance movements demonstrated that this area was heavily utilized by turtles during the nesting season and, therefore, was a crucial location for conservation of this highly endangered green turtle population. The unique behavior of these turtles in resting at the surface at night might make them particularly vulnerable to fishing activities near the nesting beaches.