bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic Integration of Polyaniline on NIST Microhotplate for Gas Sensing
Authors: Li Guofeng , Semancik Steve 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a method for controlled deposition of polyaniline from a colloidal suspension. Stable suspensions of polyaniline colloids were formed by dispersing polyaniline/formic-acid solutions into acetonitrile. It is demonstrated that the positively charged polyaniline colloids can be electrophoretically patterned onto microfabricated device features with great precision and control. Futhermore, the electrophoretically deposited polyaniline films reveal a nanoporous morphology, which greatly enhances the gas diffusion that leads to improved sensor performance.
An Assessment of 30-Day Complications in Primary Cleft Lip Repair: A Review of the 2012 ACS NSQIP Pediatric
Authors: Paine Kaitlyn M. , Tahiri Youssef , Wes Ari M. , Wink Jason D. , Fischer John P. , Gelder Carol Ann H. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: February 2015

Objective The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with complications and readmissions following cleft lip repair using the multicenter American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Pediatric. Design Patients undergoing CPT codes 40700, 40701, and 40702 were extracted from the ACS NSQIP Pediatric. Fisher exact, χ2, and rank-sum tests were used to evaluate risk factors. Results Of the 525 patients included, 4.2% had complications, with respiratory complications being the most common. Risk factors included congenital malformations ( P = .001), ventilator dependence ( P = .002), oxygen support ( P = .016), tracheostomy ( P = .005), esophageal/gastric/intestinal disease ( P = .007), impaired cognitive status ( P = .034), acquired central nervous system abnormality ( P = .040), nutritional support ( P = .001), major and severe cardiac risk factors ( P = .011 and P = .005), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 ( P = .002). In addition, complications were associated with undergoing a one-stage bilateral repair ( P = .045) or concomitant ear, nose, and throat procedure ( P = .045). The readmission rates for ambulatory patients and inpatients were 2.6% and 4.9% ( P = .556), with an overall readmission rate of 4.6%. Ambulatory patients were older ( P = .005) and had shorter operative times ( P < .001). Conclusions Perioperative complications are low following cleft lip repair, with respiratory complications being the most common. Readmission rates of 4.6% are higher than expected, and insight into predictors of complications will allow surgeons to identify patients who could benefit from additional resources.
Design of process of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15
Authors: Капкан О. О. 
Published: February 2015

Research: aim to optimize the mode of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15. For the decision of the put tasks the next methods of research: were used analysis and generalization of scientifically-methodical literature, resource of Internet, pedagogical testing, methods of the mathematical planning of experiment (FFE 22); design method. The plan of factor experiment gave an opportunity to study influence of amount of reiterations of exercises (Х1) and intervals of rest (Х2) on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15, to use the complex going near the study of objects, that assumes the simultaneous varying of a few factors with the purpose of estimation of their influence and influence of their cooperations. The simultaneous varying factors on the special program provided the study of each of them in different terms. It allowed to get more reliable conclusions, suitable to the terms that change. It is set that the increase of efficiency of educational process is possible on the basis of analysis of regressive models, calculation of the optimal execution of physical exercises states in the process of their educating on the lessons of physical culture of schoolchildren 14—15. For girls 14 on educating to physical exercises the amount of reiterations influences in a lesson, the increase of amount of reiterations to 12 times negatively influences on efficiency of process of educating. Cooperation of amount of reiterations and interval of rest influences on efficiency of process of educating, the level of educating grows in case of increase of amount of reiterations to 12 times, and interval of rest to 120 with (a headstand is by force, throwing of small ball). For girls 15 the amount of reiterations on a lesson and interval of rest influence on the process of educating to physical exercises, optimal terms for educating are created, if exercise recurs 6 times with the interval of rest 60 p. The results of analysis of variance testify that for girls 14—15 the optimal modes of educating are within the limits of 6-12 reiterations in a lesson with the intervals of rest 60—120 p. In the process of educating of girls it is 14 necessary to be oriented on the amount of reiterations in a lesson, for girls 15 - on the interval of rest.
A Unified Model of Matrix Permeability in Shale Gas Formations
Authors: Wang HanYi , Marongiu-Porcu Matteo 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Permeability is one of the most fundamental reservoir rock properties required for modeling hydrocarbon production. Many shale gas and ultralow permeability tight gas reservoirs can have matrix permeability values in the range of tens to hundreds of nano-darcies. The ultrafine pore structure of these rocks can cause violation of the basic assumptions behind Darcy's law. Depending on a combination of pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions, pore structure and gas properties, non-Darcy flow mechanisms such as Knudsen diffusion and/or gas-slippage effects will impact the matrix apparent permeability.
Even though numerous theoretical and empirical models have been proposed to describe the increasing apparent permeability due to non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage behavior in nano-pore space, few literature have investigated the impact of formation compaction and the release of the adsorption gas layer upon shale matrix apparent permeability during reservoir depletion.
In this article, we first present a thorough review on gas flow in shale nano-pore space and discuss the factors that can impact shale matrix apparent permeability, besides the well-studied non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage behavior. Then, a unified shale matrix apparent permeability model is proposed to bridge the effects of non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage, geomechanics (formation compaction) and the release of the adsorption gas layer into a single, coherent equation. In addition, a mathematical framework for an unconventional reservoir simulator that was developed for this study is also presented.
Different matrix apparent permeability models are implemented in our numerical simulator to examine how the various factors impact matrix apparent permeability within the Simulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). Finally, the impact of a natural fracture network on matrix apparent permeability evolution is investigated. The results indicate that even though the conductive fracture network plays a vital role in shale gas production, the matrix apparent permeability evolution during pressure depletion can't be neglected for accurate production modeling.
Algebraic Multiscale Solver for Flow in Heterogeneous Fractured Porous Media
Authors: Tene M. , Al Kobaisi M. S. , Hajibeygi H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A general algebraic multiscale framework is presented for fractured porous media, which enables the treatment of fractures with multiple length scales and wide ranges of conductivity contrasts. To this end, fully integrated local basis functions for both matrix and fractures are constructed. These basis functions are employed to construct the multiscale coarse system for both matrix and fractures, and then interpolate the coarse solutions back to the fine-scale reference system. Combined with a second stage fine-scale solver, here, ILU(0), our development leads to an iterative multiscale strategy for heterogeneous fractured media, allowing for error reduction to any arbitrary level, while honoring mass conservation after any multiscale finite volume stage. In order to maintain generality, it is shown that when each fracture network is modeled using a single coarse grid cell, our formulation automatically reduces to that proposed by Hajibeygi et al. (2011). However, in order to facilitate the treatment of general ranges of conductivity contrasts and deviation term norms, we introduce the ability to refine the coarse grid to more than one cell per network. Our experiments show that this flexibility results in a significant improvement on convergence properties. This added degree of flexibility is made possible through an algebraic formulation, which leads to a multi-stage multiscale conservative linear solver for multiphase flow in fractured media.
Comparisons of Body Image Perceptions of a Sample of Black and White Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia in the US
Authors: Boyington Josephine E.A , Schoster Britta , Callahan Leigh F 
Published: February 2015

Objective :To explore the disease-related, body image (BI) perceptions of women diagnosed with, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM).Methods :A purposive sample of twenty-seven females participated in individual semi-structured phone interviews to elicit BI perceptions relative to pain, activity limitations and coping measures. Sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed.Results :Body image perceptions relative to 5 major themes emerged in the analysis. They focused onPain, Disease Impact on Physical and Mental Function, Weight, Diseased-Induced Fearsand, Coping measures. Pain was a common experience of all participants. Other troubling factors verbalized by participants included dislike and shame of visibly affected body parts, and disease-induced social, psychological and physical limitations. RA participants thought that manifested joint changes, such as swelling and redness, undergirded their prompt diagnosis and receipt of health care. Contrarily, women with fibromyalgia perceived that the lack of visible, disease-related, physical signs led to a discounting of their disease, which led to delayed health care and subsequent frustrations and anger. All but one participant used prayer and meditation as a coping measure.Conclusion :The body image perceptions evidenced by the majority of participants were generally negative and included specific focus on their disease-affected body parts (e.g. joints), mental function, self-identity, health care experiences, activity limitations and overall quality of life. Given the global effect of RA and FM, assessment and integration of findings about the BI perceptions of individuals with FM and RA may help define suitable interdisciplinary strategies for managing these conditions and improving participants’ quality of life.
Economic Burden of Diabetes in Urban Indians
Authors: Chandra Pablo , Gogate Bageshri , Gogate Parikshit , Thite Nilesh , Mutha Abhay , Walimbe Amit 
Published: February 2015

Purpose :
To find out the average economic burden of medical care on a patient with diabetes in Pune, India

Methods :
A semi-open ended questionnaire followed by interview was conducted with patients attending diabetes and ophthalmic out-patient departments. They were asked regarding the duration of diabetes, methods undertaken for blood sugar control and the amount they spend on consultations, laboratory tests, medicines and procedures if any within past year. Expenditure was classified as direct cost (cost of medicines, doctor’s fees, investigations, lasers and surgery) and indirect cost (travel, diet control, health classes and loss of wages). Data was collected regarding the socioeconomic status according to Kuppaswamy classification.

Results :
219 patients participated of whom 129 were males (58.9%). Average annual direct cost of diabetes treatment was Rs 8,822 of which 52.1% was spend on medicines, 3.2% was spend on lasers, 12.6% was spend on surgical procedures, 11.6% spent on investigations and 10.4% was spend on clinician fees. Average annual indirect cost was Rs. 3949 of which 3.4% was spend on travelling purpose, 0.4% was spent on health classes, 4.9% was spent on diet control and 91.3% was loss of wages. Average expenditure done by lower middle class was 23.7% of their income. Average percentage of income for direct and indirect cost was 3.6% and 1.4% respectively. The cost of the treatment formed1.3% of the annual income for those in Socio-economic class I, 1.7% in class II, 3.7% in class III and 23.7% in class IV.

Conclusion :
The cost of managing diabetes was a significant proportion of the patients’ income, especially for those on lower socio-economic scale (class IV).
Update on the management of lupus nephritis
Authors: Marinaki Smaragdi , Skalioti Chryssanthi , Boletis Ioannis N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The treatment of lupus nephritis still represents a therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Besides early recognition, appropriate guiding by the histologic classification at presentation as well as at relapsing disease, is essential. The most severe proliferative and mixed forms require aggressive induction therapy. Nevertheless, recent but established by RCTs advances, as low dose iv cyclophosphamide, lower doses of cor-ticosteroids and mychophenolate acid (MPA) allow us to achieve remission induction with lower toxicity without any cost in terms of efficacy. For maintenance, azathioprine and mycophenolate acid with concomitant low dose steroids have shown both good results with a slight superiority of mycophenolate acid. Emerging therapies as B cell targeting-either by depleting agents as the anti-CD 20 mAb Rituximab, or by modulating agents as the anti-Bliss Belimumab, further contribute to the effort to minimize toxicity. This review mainly focuses on the recent efforts to treat the most aggressive form of lupus nephritis effectively with the minimal possible toxicity.
Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Among the Most Common Uropathogens in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zlatkov Borelli , Filipov Jean , Paskalev Emil , Markova Boyka , Marteva-Proevska Yuliya , Kolevski Alexandar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction. Urinary tract infection (UTI) among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is one of the most common complications after transplantation. The aim of our study was to analyze the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of the most common agents causing UTI in Bulgarian KTRs followed up in our Transplant Center.

Methods. We analyzed the antibiotic resistance and sensitivity of the most common strains of bacteria causing UTI in the Bulgarian KTRs, namely class Enterobac-teriaceae and Enterococcus spp. We used conventional biochemical methods to identify different strains of uro-pathogens-miniApi (bioMerieux, France) and BBL Crystal (BD). The antibiotic sensitivity was determined via disc-diffusing method, according to the accepted Bulgarian CLSI standard. We used WHONET, version 5.6 to analyze the antibiotic resistance data.

Results. The total number of tested patients was 366 [males 228, females 138]. The total number of tested urine samples was 829 [positive ones-203), negative samples 606, contaminated 20]. The most commonly detected uropathogens in Bulgarian KTRs were Gram /-/ negative bacteria (63.80%). Of these, 93.28% belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae group, with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and the PPM /Proteus, Providentia, Mor-ganela/subgroup being the most common (54.5%, 19.20% and 16%, respectively).
Gram /+/ positive bacteria were detected in 28.09% of the patients, Enterococcus spp being the most commonly isola-ted-67.79%. In the Enterococcus group, the strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were the most commonly detected. The bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae group were most sensitive to carbapenems and aminoglycosides, with sensitivity peaking to almost 100%, whereas they were least sensitive to aminopenicillines [sensitivity below 20%]. The PPM subgroup revealed very high sensitivity to beta-lactamase protected broad spectrum penicillins (Piperacillin/Tazobactam, sensitivity - 90%).
Gram /+/ positive uropathogens were mostly sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin (100%). These strains were least sensitive to Erythromycin and Tetracicline (17.50%).

Conclusions. Our results were similar to previous studies. The differences detected can be explained with the characteristics of the bacterial strains and the specific practice of each transplant center. Having in mind the possible complications of UTIs, further studies are needed to clarify the problem with antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens and the use of antibiotics after KT.
The Fast Peritoneal Equilibration Test First and Second Hour Results
Authors: Akdam Hakan , Alp Alper , Ozbek Ozgul , Cakiroglu Umut , Yenicerioglu Yavuz , Akar Harun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction. The Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET) is employed to assess peritoneal membrane transport function. The purpose of the test is to determine the optimal peritoneal dialysis regimen. The performance of the test, which is conducted over 4 hours, is time consuming both for the nurses and the patient. There have been studies to validate an approved short version of the original PET protocol, and all have yielded different results. We evaluated the concordance between the 1-hour, 2-hour and 4-hour (classical) test results of the fast PET.

Methods. The study included 32 patients (20 males and 12 females). The patients underwent the 4-hour fast PET test, and the dialysate-to-plasma ratio of creatinine concentration (D/Pcrea) was determined. The standard deviation was added to or subtracted from the mean D/Pcrea ratios at hours 1, 2, and 4 to determine transport groups.

Results. The mean age of the patients was 51.4±16.7 years. Mean D/Pcrea ratios at hours 1, 2, and 4 were 0.41±0.07, 0.54±0.10, and 0.69+0.12, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the 4-hour D/Pcrea ratio and 1-hour (r=0.756, p<0.001) and 2-hour (r=0.867, p<0.001) D/Pcrea ratios. Seventeen patients (53%) were in the same transport group at hours 1, 2, and 4. Eighteen patients (56%) at 1 hour and 24 patients (75%) at 2 hours fell into the same transport group at 4 hours. The patients that fell into different transport groups at different time points showed a shift to a lower or higher transport group.

Conclusions. Two-hour fast PET gives promising results for clinical assessment purposes.
Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Characterization Of Rhododendron Anthopogon From High Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Baral Bikash , Shrestha Vaidya Geeta , Laxmi Maharjan Bijaya , Teixeira Da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The biological and chemical properties of the medicinally important high altitudinal plant Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don were assayed. Extracts at a concentration of 100 mg-ml-1 from leaves and flowers were collectively obtained by employing hot extraction method with different solvents. The antibacterial and antifungal properties were assayed against different clinical bacteria (two Gram+ and six Gram-) and six phytopathogenic fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium were the most inhibited bacteria, while Fusarium eridiforme, a fungus, was highly inhibited. However, all the tested bacteria were resistant to n-hexane and chloroform extracts. Of all the extracts obtained, the ethyl acetate fraction, followed by the hot methanolic extract, was effective against all the pathogenic strains tested. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts on bacteria ranged from 1.562 mg-ml”
1 to 25.0 mg-ml”
1, whereas MIC and MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) values of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions on fungi varied from 1.562 mg-ml-1 to 12.50 mg-ml-1, which are slightly higher than expected. The extracts showed no activity against Exserohilum turticum and Stenophylum sp. There was a highly significant difference in the zone of inhibition between different extract fractions and bacterial or fungal strains. A preliminary qualitative phyto-chemical assay revealed the presence of polyphenols, reducing compounds, quinones, sterol, triterpenes and fatty acids in leaves and flowers of the test plant. The observed antimicrobial effects are believed to be due to the presence of these compounds. The broad spectrum of activity of the extracts would apparently explain the widespread use of this plant for controlling human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi that widely destroy crops in Nepal. This research reveals R. anthopogon to be a highly promising source of potent antimicrobial drugs that could be used to design therapeutic drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
Rare Macroscopic Algae Species In The Pechora And Vychegda River Basins (North-Eastern Part Of European Russia)
Authors: Patova Elena , Sterlyagova Irina , Shabalina Yuliya 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ten rare species of macroscopic algae were found in freshwater ecosystems of the Pechora and Vychegda River basins, belonging to four divisions: Cyanoprokaryota - 1 species, Rhodophyta - 3, Chrysophyta - 1, Charophy-ta - 5. Some of these were included in the regional Red Data Books of Nenets Autonomous District and Komi Republic, others were recommended to be included. Areas of distribution were marked; algae development conditions and limiting factors were described.
Occurrence of Foliicolous Parasitic Alga Cephaleuros Virescens on Cultivated Ornamental Plants in Southern India
Authors: Muthukumar Thangavelu , Uma Eswaranpillai , Priyadharsini Perumalsamy 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The algal leaf spot, caused by Cephaleuros virescens Kunze, has been reported in a wide range of plant species from the tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Investigations on the presence of algal infection mostly involved wild plants and plantation crops of economic interest. Nevertheless, limited studies have examined cultivated ornamental plants for the presence of C. virescens. During the summer and monsoon seasons of 2011 we examined ten leaves of five plants belonging to 86 ornamental plant taxa in 38 families growing in home gardens in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for the algal presence. Nine of the 86 plant taxa were found to host the algae C. virescens. Although majority of the investigated species are considered as typical hosts of C. vi-rescens, its infection was found only in nine plant species. Although the incidence of the algal leaf spot disease was in general low, there was significant variation in the frequency of occurrence of the algal lesions and the lesion size among the investigated plant taxa and seasons. On plants of five species (Alpinia purpurata, Ficus benjamina, Ficus elastica “Variegata”, Michelia champaca, Polyalthia longifolia), C. virescens was found during both seasons, while infections on the remaining four species (Aglaonema commutatum, Dieffenbachia maculata, Eucalyptus globulus, Syngonium podophyllum) were observed only during the monsoon. The susceptibility of different plant species in a genus and varieties of a species varied suggesting the host influence on the development of infections in addition to variation attributed to the local environmental conditions.