bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility effects of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) variants and parental monitoring on externalizing behavior trajectories: Risk and protection conveyed by the minor allele
Authors: Trucco Elisa M. , Villafuerte Sandra , Heitzeg Mary M. , Burmeister Margit , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnderstanding factors increasing susceptibility to social contexts and predicting psychopathology can help identify targets for prevention. Persistently high externalizing behavior in adolescence is predictive of psychopathology in adulthood. Parental monitoring predicts low externalizing behavior, yet youth likely vary in the degree to which they are affected by parents. Genetic variants of GABA receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) may increase susceptibility to parental monitoring, thus impacting externalizing trajectories. We had several objectives: (a) to determine whether GABRA2 (rs279827, rs279826, rs279858) moderates the relationship between a component of parental monitoring, parental knowledge, and externalizing trajectories; (b) to test the form of this interaction to assess whether GABRA2 variants reflect risk (diathesis–stress) or susceptibility (differential susceptibility) factors; and (c) to clarify GABRA2 associations on the development of problem behavior. This prospective study (N = 504) identified three externalizing trajectory classes (i.e., low, decreasing, and high) across adolescence. A GABRA2 × Parental Monitoring effect on class membership was observed, such that A-carriers were largely unaffected by parental monitoring, whereas class membership for those with the GG genotype was affected by parental monitoring. Findings support differential susceptibility in GABRA2.
Analysis of Gill Structure from a Fresh Water Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) Exposed to Bleached Sulfite Pulp Mill Effluents
Authors: Dey Sudip , Rajguru Utpal , Pathak Dinesh Chandra , Goswami Umesh C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe present communication reports toxic effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents in fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) gills, with optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The general adverse effects include dilation of the primary lamellar wall, curling of secondary lamellar terminals, displacement of epithelial cell layers, degeneration of secondary lamella, deposition of mucous, and severe congestion in the gill arch. The significant shortening of secondary lamellae, widening of lamellar tips, and significant decrease in the number of mitochondria in chloride cells as compared to controls are some specific effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated tearing of tissues in gill lamellae and arches. Transmission electron microscopy revealed membrane distortion of mitochondria in chloride cells, loss of uniformity of microvilli in pavement cells, and abnormalities in nuclear shape in different cells of effluent-exposed fish gills. Toxicity of the bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents and its impact on fish are discussed in the light of existing literature. Further, the importance of microscopy in toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants is emphasized in view of its specific application potential.
Max UversusHumanomics: a critique of neo-institutionalism
Authors: McCLOSKEY DEIRDRE NANSEN 
Published: March 2015

Abstract‘Institutions’ do not mean the same thing to Samuelsonian economists as they mean to other people. North's ‘rules of game’, like chess, dominates, even when it is claimed that ‘informal institutions’ are allowed into the tale. The tale is that institutions were once clotted, and then became unclotted, and the Great Enrichment occurred. But the enrichment was by a factor of upwards of a hundred, which cannot be explained by routine movements to an efficient equilibrium. And changes of institutions did not in fact happen much in England. Ethics changed, not laws and procedures. For presently poor countries, too, it will not suffice, as the World Bank and Acemoglu recommend, to add institutions and stir. Economies rely on ethics, which neo-institutionalists, being at heart Samuelsonian, have not wanted to admit. Ideas matter. Indeed, metaphors and stories matter, as in Searle's account.
Homology and enzymatic requirements of microhomology-dependent alternative end joining
Authors: Sharma S , Javadekar S M , Pandey M , Srivastava M , Kumari R , Raghavan S C 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is one of the major double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways in higher eukaryotes. Recently, it has been shown that alternative NHEJ (A-NHEJ) occurs in the absence of classical NHEJ and is implicated in chromosomal translocations leading to cancer. In the present study, we have developed a novel biochemical assay system utilizing DSBs flanked by varying lengths of microhomology to study microhomology-mediated alternative end joining (MMEJ). We show that MMEJ can operate in normal cells, when microhomology is present, irrespective of occurrence of robust classical NHEJ. Length of the microhomology determines the efficiency of MMEJ, 5 nt being obligatory. Using this biochemical approach, we show that products obtained are due to MMEJ, which is dependent on MRE11, NBS1, LIGASE III, XRCC1, FEN1 and PARP1. Thus, we define the enzymatic machinery and microhomology requirements of alternative NHEJ using a well-defined biochemical system.
Analysing human neural stem cell ontogeny by consecutive isolation of Notch active neural progenitors
Authors: Edri Reuven , Yaffe Yakey , Ziller Michael J. , Mutukula Naresh , Volkman Rotem , David Eyal , Jacob-Hirsch Jasmine , Malcov Hagar , Levy Carmit , Rechavi Gideon , Gat-Viks Irit , Meissner Alexander , Elkabetz Yechiel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDecoding heterogeneity of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural progeny is fundamental for revealing the origin of diverse progenitors, for defining their lineages, and for identifying fate determinants driving transition through distinct potencies. Here we have prospectively isolated consecutively appearing PSC-derived primary progenitors based on their Notch activation state. We first isolate early neuroepithelial cells and show their broad Notch-dependent developmental and proliferative potential. Neuroepithelial cells further yield successive Notch-dependent functional primary progenitors, from early and midneurogenic radial glia and their derived basal progenitors, to gliogenic radial glia and adult-like neural progenitors, together recapitulating hallmarks of neural stem cell (NSC) ontogeny. Gene expression profiling reveals dynamic stage-specific transcriptional patterns that may link development of distinct progenitor identities through Notch activation. Our observations provide a platform for characterization and manipulation of distinct progenitor cell types amenable for developing streamlined neural lineage specification paradigms for modelling development in health and disease.
Targeted diversity generation by intraterrestrial archaea and archaeal viruses
Authors: Paul Blair G. , Bagby Sarah C. , Czornyj Elizabeth , Arambula Diego , Handa Sumit , Sczyrba Alexander , Ghosh Partho , Miller Jeff F. , Valentine David L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the evolutionary arms race between microbes, their parasites, and their neighbours, the capacity for rapid protein diversification is a potent weapon. Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) use mutagenic reverse transcription and retrohoming to generate myriad variants of a target gene. Originally discovered in pathogens, these retroelements have been identified in bacteria and their viruses, but never in archaea. Here we report the discovery of intact DGRs in two distinct intraterrestrial archaeal systems: a novel virus that appears to infect archaea in the marine subsurface, and, separately, two uncultivated nanoarchaea from the terrestrial subsurface. The viral DGR system targets putative tail fibre ligand-binding domains, potentially generating >1018 protein variants. The two single-cell nanoarchaeal genomes each possess ≥4 distinct DGRs. Against an expected background of low genome-wide mutation rates, these results demonstrate a previously unsuspected potential for rapid, targeted sequence diversification in intraterrestrial archaea and their viruses.
High-resolution vector microwave magnetometry based on solid-state spins in diamond
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Yuan Zhenheng , Huang Pu , Rong Xing , Wang Mengqi , Xu Xiangkun , Duan Changkui , Ju Chenyong , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe measurement of the microwave field is crucial for many developments in microwave technology and related applications. However, measuring microwave fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution under ambient conditions remains elusive. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme to measure both the strength and orientation of the microwave magnetic field by utilizing the quantum coherent dynamics of nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond. An angular resolution of 5.7 mrad and a sensitivity of 1.0 μT Hz−1/2are achieved at a microwave frequency of 2.6000 GHz, and the microwave magnetic field vectors generated by a copper wire are precisely reconstructed. The solid-state microwave magnetometry with high resolution and wide frequency range that can work under ambient conditions proposed here enables unique potential applications over other state-of-art microwave magnetometry.
Fibronectin localization and fibrillization are affected by the presence of serum in culture media
Authors: Siani Alessandro , Khaw Rong R. , Manley Oliver W. G. , Tirella Annalisa , Cellesi Francesco , Donno Roberto , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn vitro models of fibrotic phenomena are often based on the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as the contraction-triggering cellular event. There are, however, multiple sources of concern regarding the appropriateness of such models; a first and widely investigated issue is the often inappropriate nature of the interactions between mesenchymal cells and surrounding/underlying matrix/substrate. A second set of problems concerns the composition of the fluid phase, which includes both dispersed/dissolved paracrine messengers and matrix elements. In this study, we have focused on the effects that serum may generate. We have observed that A) serum causes high variability in the expression of typical markers of myofibroblast differentiation (ED-A fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin) upon treatment with TGF-β1; this is probably due to intrinsic variability of cytokine concentrations in different batches of serum. B) the fibrillization of endogenous fibronectin is partially hampered and its localization changed from ventral (on the substrate) to dorsal (upper surface); the latter morphology appears to be largely overlooked in literature, even though it may have a significant role in terms of mechanotransductive signaling. This quite dramatic change possibly occurs as a result of competition with serum proteins, although our data seem to rule out a direct role of serum fibronectin.
Excellent spin transport in spin valves based on the conjugated polymer with high carrier mobility
Authors: Li Feng , Li Tian , Chen Feng , Zhang Fapei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) are characteristic of long spin-relaxation lifetime due to weak spin-orbit interaction and hyperfine interaction. However, short spin diffusion length and weak magnetoresistance (MR) effect at room temperature (RT) was commonly found on spin valves (SVs) using an organic spacer, which should be correlated with low carrier mobility of the OSCs. Here, N-type semiconducting polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) with high carrier mobility is employed as the spacer in the SV devices. Exceedingly high MR ratio of 90.0% at 4.2 K and of 6.8% at RT are achieved, respectively, via improving the interface structure between the polymer interlayer and top cobalt electrode as well as optimal annealing of manganite bottom electrode. Furthermore, we observe spin dependent transport through the polymeric interlayer and a large spin diffusion length with a weak temperature dependence. The results indicate that this polymer material can be used as a good medium for spintronic devices.
Field emission luminescence of nanodiamonds deposited on the aligned carbon nanotube array
Authors: Fedoseeva Yu. V. , Bulusheva L. G. , Okotrub A. V. , Kanygin M. A. , Gorodetskiy D. V. , Asanov I. P. , Vyalikh D. V. , Puzyr A. P. , Bondar V. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDetonation nanodiamonds (NDs) were deposited on the surface of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by immersing a CNT array in an aqueous suspension of NDs in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The structure and electronic state of the obtained CNT–ND hybrid material were studied using optical and electron microscopy and Infrared, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. A non-covalent interaction between NDs and CNT and preservation of vertical orientation of CNTs in the hybrid were revealed. We showed that current-voltage characteristics of the CNT–ND cathode are changed depending on the applied field; below ~3 V/µm they are similar to those of the initial CNT array and at the higher field they are close to the ND behavior. Involvement of the NDs in field emission process resulted in blue luminescence of the hybrid surface at an electric field higher than 3.5 V/µm. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the NDs emit blue-green light, while blue luminescence prevails in the CNT–ND hybrid. The quenching of green luminescence was attributed to a partial removal of oxygen-containing groups from the ND surface as the result of the hybrid synthesis.
Reduction of nutrients, microbes and personal care products in domestic wastewater by a benchtop electrocoagulation unit
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Cook M. M. , McQuaig S. M. , Ulrich R. M. , Schenck R. O. , Lukasik J. O. , Van Vleet E. S. , Breitbart M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo preserve environmental and human health, improved treatment processes are needed to reduce nutrients, microbes and emerging chemical contaminants from domestic wastewater prior to discharge into the environment. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment is increasingly used to treat industrial wastewater; however, this technology has not yet been thoroughly assessed for its potential to reduce concentrations of nutrients, a variety of microbial surrogates and personal care products found in domestic wastewater. This investigation's objective was to determine the efficiency of a benchtop EC unit with aluminum sacrificial electrodes to reduce concentrations of the aforementioned biological and chemical pollutants from raw and tertiary-treated domestic wastewater. EC treatment resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05, α = 0.05) in phosphate, all microbial surrogates and several personal care products from raw and tertiary-treated domestic wastewater. When wastewater was augmented with microbial surrogates representing bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens to measure the extent of reduction, EC treatment resulted in up to 7-log10 reduction of microbial surrogates. Future pilot and full-scale investigations are needed to optimize EC treatment for the following: reducing nitrogen species, personal care products and energy consumption; elucidating the mechanisms behind microbial reductions; and performing life cycle analyses to determine the appropriateness of implementation.
Design of a PDZbody, a bivalent binder of the E6 protein from human papillomavirus
Authors: Karlsson O. Andreas , Ramirez Juan , Öberg Daniel , Malmqvist Tony , Engström Åke , Friberg Maria , Chi Celestine N. , Widersten Mikael , Travé Gilles , Nilsson Mikael T. I. , Jemth Per 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChronic infection by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains may lead to cancer. Expression of the two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 is largely responsible for immortalization of infected cells. The HPV E6 is a small (approximately 150 residues) two domain protein that interacts with a number of cellular proteins including the ubiquitin ligase E6-associated protein (E6AP) and several PDZ-domain containing proteins. Our aim was to design a high-affinity binder for HPV E6 by linking two of its cellular targets. First, we improved the affinity of the second PDZ domain from SAP97 for the C-terminus of HPV E6 from the high-risk strain HPV18 using phage display. Second, we added a helix from E6AP to the N-terminus of the optimized PDZ variant, creating a chimeric bivalent binder, denoted PDZbody. Full-length HPV E6 proteins are difficult to express and purify. Nevertheless, we could measure the affinity of the PDZbody for E6 from another high-risk strain, HPV16 (Kd = 65 nM). Finally, the PDZbody was used to co-immunoprecipitate E6 protein from HPV18-immortalized HeLa cells, confirming the interaction between PDZbody and HPV18 E6 in a cellular context.
Integrating Clinical Indexes into Four-Diagnostic Information Contributes to the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome Diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Kang Hong , Zhao Yu , Li Chao , Chen Yujia , Tang Kailin , Yang Linlin , Ma Chao , Peng Jinghua , Zhu Ruixin , Liu Qi , Hu Yiyang , Cao Zhiwei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment has been commonly used to treat Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) in Asian countries based on TCM syndrome diagnosis, also called “ZHENG”. The syndrome is identified through the four-diagnostic methods, with certain degree of subjectivity and ambiguity from individual doctors. Normally those CHB patients also receive series of parameters from modern clinical examination, while they are routinely believed to be unrelated with the TCM syndrome diagnosis. In this study, we investigated whether these biomedical indexes in modern medicine could be beneficial to TCM syndrome diagnostics in an integrative way. Based on 634 patient samples from health controls and three subtypes of CHB syndromes, a two-view based hierarchical classification model was tested for TCM syndromes prediction based on totally 222 parameters integrated from both TCM practice and modern clinical tests. The results indicated that the performance of syndrome classification based on a proper integration of TCM and modern clinical indexes was significantly higher than those based on one view of parameters only. Furthermore, those indexes correlated with CHB syndrome diagnosis were successfully identified for CM indexes and biochemical indexes respectively, where potential associations between them were hinted to the MAPK signaling pathway.
Structural basis for the enhancement of virulence by viral spindles and their in vivo crystallization
Authors: Chiu Elaine , Hijnen Marcel , Bunker Richard D. , Boudes Marion , Rajendran Chitra , Aizel Kaheina , Oliéric Vincent , Schulze-Briese Clemens , Mitsuhashi Wataru , Young Vivienne , Ward Vernon K. , Bergoin Max , Metcalf Peter , Coulibaly Fasséli 
Published: March 2015

Significance
X-ray crystallography is a powerful approach for understanding the structure and function of biological macromolecules but is largely limited to molecules that form high-quality crystals in the laboratory. Here we present the structure of protein crystals that form naturally in virally infected insects and boost the insecticidal activity of oral pathogens. By proposing a mode of action for these virulence factors based on enzymes degrading chitin by oxidation, our findings may guide their use as synergetic additives to common bioinsecticides. They also reveal that these proteins assemble into ultra-stable crystals stabilized by a 3D network of covalent bonds, a unique strategy for achieving efficient protein crystallization in the complex environment of the cell.
A concise synthesis of optically active solanacol, the germination stimulant for seeds of root parasitic weeds
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Fujiwara Mami , Kuse Masaki , Takikawa Hirosato 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Solanacol, isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), is a germination stimulant for seeds of root parasitic weeds. A concise synthesis of optically active solanacol has been achieved by employing enzymatic resolution as a key step.
Influence of bench angle on upper extremity muscular activation during bench press exercise
Authors: Lauver Jakob D. , Cayot Trent E. , Scheuermann Barry W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study compared the muscular activation of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and triceps brachii during a free‐weight barbell bench press performed at 0°, 30°, 45° and –15° bench angles. Fourteen healthy resistance trained males (age 21.4 ± 0.4 years) participated in this study. One set of six repetitions for each bench press conditions at 65% one repetition maximum were performed. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was utilised to examine the muscular activation of the selected muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases. In addition, each phase was subdivided into 25% contraction durations, resulting in four separate time points for comparison between bench conditions. The sEMG of upper pectoralis displayed no difference during any of the bench conditions when examining the complete concentric contraction, however differences during 26–50% contraction duration were found for both the 30° [122.5 ± 10.1% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)] and 45° (124 ± 9.1% MVIC) bench condition, resulting in greater sEMG compared to horizontal (98.2 ± 5.4% MVIC) and –15 (96.1 ± 5.5% MVIC). The sEMG of lower pectoralis was greater during –15° (100.4 ± 5.7% MVIC), 30° (86.6 ± 4.8% MVIC) and horizontal (100.1 ± 5.2% MVIC) bench conditions compared to the 45° (71.9 ± 4.5% MVIC) for the whole concentric contraction. The results of this study support the use of a horizontal bench to achieve muscular activation of both the upper and lower heads of the pectoralis. However, a bench incline angle of 30° or 45° resulted in greater muscular activation during certain time points, suggesting that it is important to consider how muscular activation is affected at various time points when selecting bench press exercises.
Controlled Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication Protocol Based on Three-Particle GHZ States in X-Basis*
Authors: Chang Yan , Zhang Shi-Bin , Yan Li-Li , Han Gui-Hua 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A controlled deterministic secure quantum communication (CDSQC) protocol is proposed based on three-particle GHZ state in X-basis. Only X-basis and Z1Z2X3-basis (composed of Z-basis and X-basis) measurement are required, which makes the scheme more convenient than others in practical applications. By distributing a random key between both sides of the communication and performing classical XOR operation, we realize a one-time-pad scheme, therefore our protocol achieves unconditional secure. Because only user with legitimate identity string can decrypt the secret, our protocol can resist man-in-the middle attack. The three-particle GHZ state in X-basis is used as decoy photons to detect eavesdropping. The detection rate reaches 75% per qubit.
Unconventional superconductivity
Authors: Norman M. R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to unconventional superconductors. It traces their development from the early days of helium-3 to the modern world of Majorana fermions. It discusses heavy fermion superconductors, cuprates, and their iron-based cousins. It emphasizes the fact that in almost all cases, an accepted microscopic theory has yet to emerge due to the difficulty of constructing a theory of superconductivity outside the Migdal–Eliashberg framework.