bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis and fungal tolerance in tomato
Authors: Sinha Hiteshwari , Kumar Ravi Shankar , Datta Tapasya , Singh Deeksha , Srivastava Suchi , Trivedi Prabodh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is rich in nutrients and has been an important target for enhancing the accumulation of various metabolites. Tomato also contains cholesterol-derived molecules, steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), which contribute to pathogen defense but are toxic to humans and considered antinutritional compounds. Previous studies suggest the role of various transcription factors in SGA biosynthesis; however, the role of light and associated regulatory factors has not been studied in tomatoes. Here, we demonstrated that SGA biosynthesis is regulated by light through the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, SlHY5, by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the promoters of structural and regulatory genes. SlHY5 complemented Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hy5 mutants at molecular, morphological, and biochemical levels. CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout tomato plants, SlHY5CR, showed downregulation of SGA and phenylpropanoid pathway genes, leading to a significant reduction in SGA (α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine) and flavonol contents, whereas plants overexpressing SlHY5 (SlHY5OX) showed the opposite effect. Enhanced SGA and flavonol levels in SlHY5OX lines provided tolerance against Alternaria solani fungus, while SlHY5CR lines were susceptible to the pathogen. This study advances our understanding of the HY5-dependent light-regulated biosynthesis of SGAs and flavonoids and their role in biotic stress in tomatoes.
PTSD symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and pain outcomes after acute orthopedic injury
Authors: McDermott Katherine , Rush Christina , Pham Tony , Hooker Julia , Louis Courtney , Rochon Elizabeth A , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with greater incidence of chronic pain. Pain catastrophizing often accounts for this association. Less is known about these relationships during the acute phase (1–2 months) following orthopedic traumatic injuries. We sought to understand which orthopedic traumatic injury-related PTSD symptoms were associated with acute pain and physical dysfunction and whether pain catastrophizing accounted for these associations.

Methods
This secondary analysis used baseline data from a multisite randomized controlled trial of an intervention for individuals with heightened pain catastrophizing or pain anxiety following acute orthopedic injury. We used partial correlations to examine associations between PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and hyperarousal) and pain outcomes (pain intensity and physical dysfunction) controlling for pain catastrophizing. We used hierarchical regressions to evaluate unique associations between PTSD clusters and pain outcomes. In exploratory analysis, we examined the indirect effects of PTSD symptoms on pain outcomes through catastrophizing.

Results
Hierarchical linear regressions indicated that hyperarousal was uniquely associated with greater pain intensity with activity (β = 0.39, P &lt; .001, ΔR2 = 0.06) and physical dysfunction (β = 0.22, P = 0.04, ΔR2 = 0.02). PTSD symptoms were still associated with pain with activity even with pain catastrophizing included in the models, and catastrophizing did not have a significant indirect effect on the relationship between PTSD and physical dysfunction (b = 0.06, SEBoot = 0.04, 95% CIBoot = [−0.003, 0.14]). Pain catastrophizing did largely account for the association between re-experiencing, avoidance, and negative alterations in cognitions and mood symptoms and pain at rest.

Conclusions
Pain catastrophizing interventions may be best suited for limiting the impact of PTSD symptoms on pain at rest, but catastrophizing alone may not fully explain the relationship between PTSD symptoms and physical dysfunction after acute orthopedic injury. To prevent the negative association of PTSD symptoms, especially hyperarousal, on physical outcomes in acute pain populations, interventions may require more than solely targeting pain catastrophizing.

Clinical trials registration
NCT04973696.
British Axial Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (BAxSIC): a protocol for a multicentre real-world observational cohort study of early axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Weddell Jake , Harrison Stephanie R , Bennett Alexander N , Gaffney Karl , Jones Gareth T , Machado Pedro M , Packham Jonathan , Sengupta Raj , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Siebert Stefan , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Timely diagnosis remains a challenge in axial SpA (axSpA). In addition, data are scarce on the impact of diagnostic delay and disease progression in affected individuals. The British Axial Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (BAxSIC) study aims to investigate the impact of newly diagnosed axSpA, the natural history of the disease and the effect of diagnostic delay on disease outcomes.

Methods
BAxSIC is a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Eligible participants are adults (≥16 years of age), with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of axSpA in the 6 months prior to study entry, recruited from secondary and tertiary rheumatology centres in the UK. Participants will be followed up for 3 years, with in-person visits at baseline and 24 months. In addition, patient self-reported assessments will be recorded remotely via the online electronic case report form (eCRF) at 6, 12, 18, 30 and 36 months.

Results
The first patient was enrolled in BAxSIC in June 2023. Recruitment is currently ongoing and is planned to end in June 2026. Initial results will be available in 2027. Since opening, the trial has undergone two protocol amendments.

Conclusion
The BAxSIC study is the first inception cohort designed to investigate the impact of diagnostic delay on clinical presentation and long-term functional outcomes in patients with axSpA in the UK. With an innovative, patient-led virtual longitudinal data collection model, data generated from this study will help inform and improve the care of people newly diagnosed with axSpA.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT05676775.
Poetry, Patronage, and the Art of the Land-grab: A Newly Discovered Letter to Thomas Wyatt
Authors: Lazarus Micha , Brigden Susan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Between early summer 1540 and the new year of 1541, Alexander Nowell composed the only surviving Latin letter from England to Sir Thomas Wyatt. On behalf of the Dean and Chapter of Norwich Cathedral, he asks Wyatt, Sir Francis Bryan, and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, to help the new foundation resist the expropriation of its properties. The letter fills in several biographical lacunae for this prominent trio of courtiers. It provides primary evidence of Wyatt’s membership and sponsorship of English humanist networks. It offers the first sure evidence of Wyatt’s contact with Surrey, corroborating the evidence of Surrey’s poetry. It reveals the association of Wyatt, Surrey, and Bryan with evangelical figures: Nowell, later Dean of St Paul’s, was already a central figure in Oxford reform. And it presents an intricate example of the chains of patronage that reached, in the wake of the dissolution, across the universities, the new fleet of cathedral foundations, and the heights of the Henrician court.
The Role of Defeatist Performance Beliefs in State Fluctuations of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Measured in Daily Life via Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Luther Lauren , Raugh Ian M , Grant Paul M , Beck Aaron T , Strauss Gregory P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and Hypothesis: The Cognitive Model of Negative Symptoms is a prominent model that posits that defeatist performance beliefs (DPB) are a key psychological mechanism underlying negative symptoms in those with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the ecological validity of the model has not been established, and temporally specific evaluations of the model’s hypotheses have not been conducted. This study tested the model’s key hypotheses in real-world environments using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Study Design: Fifty-two outpatients with SZ and 55 healthy controls (CN) completed 6 days of EMA. Multilevel models examined concurrent and time-lagged associations between DPB and negative symptoms in daily life. Study Results: SZ displayed greater DPB in daily life than CN. Furthermore, greater DPB were associated with greater concurrently assessed negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, and asociality) in daily life. Time-lagged analyses indicated that in both groups, greater DPB at time t led to elevations in negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, or asociality) at t + 1 above and beyond the effects of negative symptoms at time t. Conclusions: Results support the ecological validity of the Cognitive Model of Negative Symptoms and identify a temporally specific association between DPB and subsequent negative symptoms that is consistent with the model’s hypotheses and a putative mechanistic pathway in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for negative symptoms. Findings suggest that DPB are a psychological factor contributing to negative symptoms in real-world environments. Implications for measuring DPB in daily life and providing just-in-time mobile health-based interventions to target this mechanism are discussed.
The origins of youth social citizenship in Europe: religion, trade unions and income support for young people
Authors: Chevalier Tom 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article is concerned with the development of young people’s access to income support in Europe. This access can be either ‘familialized’, where young people are seen as children, which leads low level of welfare generosity, or ‘individualized’, where they are seen as adults, with higher level of welfare generosity. I argue that two main factors can explain such cross-national variation. First, religion (and Protestantism is particular) is the main driver explaining the development of individualization, as opposed to familialization, through long-lasting institutional effects. Secondly, as outsiders on the labour market, the better represented young people are in trade unions, the more likely they are to access individualized generous social benefits. To test this argument, I rely on a multimethod research design: initially proceeding with time-series cross-sectional regressions across 18 countries, from 2001 to 2018, before turning to comparative historical case studies of youth social citizenship development in France, the UK and Sweden.
PlayDoc M.D.: Sexual Harassment and Discrimination in US Medical Schools in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Evens Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Since women’s entrance the historically male-dominated medical profession in small numbers in the nineteenth century, they faced numerous exclusions and obstacles. In the 1960s and 1970s, as the number of women attending co-educational medical schools increased significantly, male students and faculty members responded with renewed opposition by deploying hypersexualised innuendo including references to Playboy magazine. This article brings together a range of material, including Playboy, student yearbooks, teaching materials, contemporary studies and oral histories, to document the masculine heterosexual peer culture that pervaded US medical schools, where sexual innuendo and centrefold-style images were commonplace. This learning environment influenced male students, perpetuating harmful views about women and fostering camaraderie at the expense of their female colleagues. These experiences also impacted female students, who confronted and negotiated encounters with sexual harassment, while balancing study, career ambitions and personal wellbeing.
Clinical and financial significance of insomnia within a large payor-provider health system
Authors: Karlin Bradley E , Anderson Ryan J , Rung Jillian M , Drury-Gworek Charlotte , Barrett Tyson S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insomnia has profound negative effects on behavioral health, physical health, and functional domains. Leveraging claims data from one of the nation’s largest payor-provider systems, the current study examined the real-world prevalence of insomnia, comorbidity of insomnia with behavioral health and other sleep disorders, and the impact of insomnia on total health care costs.

Methods
Prevalence and costs associated with insomnia were assessed by examining claims data on approximately 3 million insured members during the year 2022. Using propensity score matching, total health care expenditures were calculated and compared for members with insomnia relative to matched cohorts without insomnia. Generalized linear modeling tested for differences between the cohorts.

Results
Nine percent of members were identified as having insomnia; 64% of those also had depression, anxiety, and/or substance use disorder. Median total health care costs among individuals with insomnia were 4–6 times greater than among those without insomnia. A disproportionate amount (21.1%) of total claims spend came from members with insomnia.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate a high degree of clinical need and behavioral health comorbidity associated with insomnia within a large insured cohort. Beyond the clinical significance, the current results demonstrate substantial financial need and opportunity for adequately treating insomnia. This is especially the case for the high proportion of members with insomnia and cooccurring depression, anxiety, and/or substance use disorders. Overall, the findings point to the important role payors and providers may have in promoting greater attention to sleep and insomnia.
Differences in impact of current and former shift work on cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and white matter integrity
Authors: Rimmele David Leander , Petersen Elina L , Affolderbach Sarah , Petersen Marvin , Cheng Bastian , Mayer Carola , Nägele Felix Leonard , Harth Volker , Terschüren Claudia , Kühn Simone , Zeller Tanja , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The association of shift work (SW) and disrupted circadian rhythm with markers of large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral small vessel disease is uncertain. We aimed to study the separate association of current and former SW with these markers.

Methods
We included participants from the population-based Hamburg City Health Study. SW was defined by monthly working hours between 06:00 pm and 07:00 am containing night shifts for at least 12 months. Cross-sectional data were obtained from structured questionnaires, laboratory analyses, physical examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and carotid ultrasound. We performed multivariable regression analysis with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and peak-width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) as dependent variables.

Results
Three hundred and forty-four current, 238 former, and 7162 never-shift workers were included. The median age was 60 years for both current and former shift workers, and total duration of SW was comparable for the two groups. Current shift workers were less frequently female (27.3% vs. 44.5%; p &lt; .001), had more frequent hyperlipidemia (31.5% vs. 22.3%; p = .024), and diabetes (16.2% vs. 3.2%; p &lt; .001). After adjustment for age and sex, reduced quality of sleep (β = 1.61, p = .001) and low education (β = 2.63, p &lt; .001) were associated with current but not former SW. Adjusted for age and sex, the current SW was associated with higher CIMT (β = 0.02, p = .001) and PSMD (β = 9.06e-06, p = .006), whereas former SW was not. Adjusted for risk factors, current SW remained associated with PSMD (β = 9.91e-06, p = .006) but not with CIMT.

Conclusions
Current SW was associated with CIMT and with PSMD, with the latter association remaining after adjustment for risk factors. Former SW showed no associations with CIMT or PSMD. This may indicate that current SW is linked with increased neurovascular risk through disrupted circadian rhythms.

Trial Registration Information
The trial was submitted at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, under NCT03934957 on January 4, 2019. The first participant was enrolled in February 2016.
Domestication of Information and Communication Technologies into Family Systems: A Conceptual Framework Evaluating Family Health
Authors: Purushothaman Nair Remesh Krishnan , Mengi Nancy , Jose Santhosh Adhikarathil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As the world undergoes its fourth industrial revolution, digital media are becoming more prevalent in both rural and urban communities. This shift has had a profound impact on our daily lives, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. Although technology now plays a crucial role in our daily routine, it can lead to interference in human relationships, a phenomenon referred to as technoference. This interference has significant consequences, particularly in parent–child relationships, as it can adversely affect children’s emotional and behavioral development and the mental health and overall functioning of parents. Thus, for children to grow up healthy and for families to be harmoniously balanced, all the family subsystems need to be aligned in a healthy manner. This study conceptualizes how family health is affected when technological devices are brought as a subsystem into a family system. The researchers developed a conceptual multidimensional framework based on several interrelated theoretical concepts, and this framework is presented in three sequential frames for better comprehension, to identify how the interference, in particular, impacts the various dimensions of a healthy family system and contributes to dysfunctional family functioning and mental health issues in both parents and children.
Opening a 60-year time capsule: sequences of historical poliovirus cold variants shed a new light on a contemporary strain
Authors: Chesnais Morgane , Bujaki Erika , Filhol Typhaine , Caval Vincent , Joffret Marie-Line , Martin Javier , Jouvenet Nolwenn , Bessaud Maël 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polioviruses (PVs) are positive strand RNA viruses responsible for poliomyelitis. Many PVs have been isolated and phenotypically characterized in the 1940s–50s for the purpose of identifying attenuated strains that could be used as vaccine strains. Among these historical PVs, only few are genetically characterized. We report here the sequencing of four PV strains stored for more than 60 years in a sealed box. These PVs are cold variants that were selected by Albert Sabin based on their capacity to multiply at relatively low temperatures. Inoculation of permissive cells at 25°C showed that two of the four historical virus stocks still contained infectious particles. Both viruses reached titres that were higher at 25°C than at 37°C, thus demonstrating that they were genuine cold variants. We obtained sequences that span virtually all the genome for three out of the four strains; a short sequence that partly covers the 5ʹ untranslated region was recovered for the last one. Unexpectedly, the genome of one historical cold variant (which derives from PV-3 Glenn) displayed a very high nucleotide identity (above 95%) with that of a PV strain (PV-3 strain WIV14) sampled in China in 2014 and then classified as a highly evolved vaccine-derived PV. Our analyses made this hypothesis very unlikely and strongly suggested that Glenn and WIV14 shared a very recent common ancestor with one another. Some strains used to produce the inactivated polio vaccine were also very close to Glenn and WIV14 in the capsid-encoding region, but they had not been sequenced beyond the capsid. We therefore sequenced one of these strains, Saukett A, which was available in our collection. Saukett A and WIV14 featured an identity higher than 99% at the nucleotide level. This work provides original data on cold variants that were produced and studied decades ago. It also highlights that sequences of historical PV strains could be crucial to reliably characterize contemporary PVs in case of release from a natural reservoir or from a facility, which is of highest importance for the PV eradication program.
12Poetics
Authors: MacEachern Jessi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of three works of poetics that emphasize local and material concerns from poets-theorists-activists engaged in collaborative and experimental writing practices. This openness in form and enquiry is further reflected in the major works published in 2023 that are under examination in the body of the review, which together attend to six major topics: (1) the formation of national poetries; (2) the role of the academy in preserving or destabilizing the lyric voice; (3) the intimate impasse of confessional and anthropocentric writing; (4) the sensorial body of hybrid writing; (5) the limiting structures of racial capitalism; and (6) the role of poetry in public life. Ending with a brief reflection on the immense influence of Lyn Hejinian, this chapter attests to the openness of enquiry that the aesthetic, philosophical, and political field of poetics permits from its discrete social locations and close attention to the page, the voice, and the body.
Towards Improved Nepovirus Detection and Identification in Xiphinema Nematodes
Authors: Everaert Ellen A. , Viaene Nicole , Quataert Paul , Haegeman Annelies , De Jonghe Kris 
Published: July 2024

Several Xiphinema nematode species are vectors of regulated nepoviruses. The aim of this study was to develop an optimized method to detect virus-carrying Xiphinema specimens. The study compared various techniques for nematode extraction from soil (automated zonal centrifuging and the Flegg modified Cobb method), nematode cuticle disruption (slicing, bead beating, and bead beating with collagenase), RNA extraction (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB], and KingFisher MagMAX RNA Isolation Kit), and nepovirus detection (nepovirus generic subgroup and species-specific quantitative and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-(q)PCR] assays, as well as shotgun sequencing with Oxford nanopore sequencing technology using a MinION device). Based on this comparison, a diagnostic procedure is proposed including the best-performing methods: nematode extraction using automated zonal centrifugation, physical disruption of nematode cuticle using bead beating or slicing, and RNA extraction using either the KingFisher MagMAX or the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit method. While existing generic nepovirus subgroup reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays lacked sensitivity, species-specific RT-(q)PCR assays successfully detected Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) in X. diversicaudatum, X. index, and X. americanum sensu stricto (s.s.), respectively. The reliability of nepovirus detection was higher with adults compared with juveniles. The minimum nematode quantity required varied depending on the specific nepovirus and the detection method used. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .