bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of highly‐active antiretroviral therapy on the subgingival biofilm in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Jordan Rainer A. , Lucaciu Adrian , Zimmer Stefan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimHighly‐active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different HAART regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in HIV‐infected patients with chronic periodontitis.MethodsSubgingival periodontal pathogens were determined by a DNA chip microarray in a case series in 14 HIV‐infected patients receiving HAART with different drug combinations: protease inhibitor (PI)‐based HAART versus non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based HAART. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether specific HAART regimens were associated with 10 periodontal pathogens using odds ratios (OR).ResultsAt baseline and after treatment, the patients did not show significant clinical and immunological differences. In general, the highest OR for the prevalence of periodontal pathogens were found in the PI HAART group for Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus) (OR: 303), Campylobacter rectus (OR: 90), and Treponema denticola (OR: 25). In the NNRTI HAART group, higher OR were documented for Fusobacterium nucleatum (OR: 56) and Eikenella corrodens (OR: 25). The association between A. viscosus and PI HAART was statistically significant (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe results demonstrated statistical associations between subgingival bacteria and antiretroviral drug therapies. Further investigation on the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms are needed to support these findings.
Changes in cellular and molecular components of peripheral blood in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Gaddale Reetika , Mudda Jayashree A. , Karthikeyan Ilangovan , Desai Shrikar R. , Shinde Harshada , Deshpande Pavan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe association between periodontitis and systemic health is evident; however, until recently, there has been a lack of scientific evidence to define the relationship between aggressive periodontitis and systemic conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in the white blood cell count and levels of serum proteins in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and to compare it with periodontally‐healthy controls.MethodsPatients with GAP (n = 60) and periodontally‐healthy controls (n = 60) were recruited. Clinical parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment level, were examined. Blood cell variables, including leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, and serum protein parameters, including total protein, albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), ALB/GLB (A/G) ratio, and C‐reactive protein levels, were analyzed.ResultsThe results showed a statistically‐significant increase in neutrophil numbers and serum GLB and C‐reactive protein levels in patients with GAP compared to the controls (P < 0.001), whereas the ALB level and A/G ratio were significantly lower compared to the control group.ConclusionThe results showed possible changes in the cellular and molecular components of peripheral blood in patients with GAP compared to periodontally‐healthy controls. These changes might represent the contribution of periodontal infections to systemic inflammation in relatively young individuals.
Direct Regulation of Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Transcription By RF‐Amide‐Related Peptide‐3 and Kisspeptin in A Novel GnRH‐Secreting Cell Line, mHypoA‐GnRH/GFP
Authors: Gojska N. M. , Friedman Z. , Belsham D. D. 
Published: October 2014

RF‐amide‐related peptide‐3 [RFRP‐3; also often referred to as the mammalian orthologue of the avian gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH)] and kisspeptin have emerged as potent modulators of neuroendocrine function via direct regulation of the reproductive axis in the hypothalamus and pituitary. There are few studies focusing on the direct regulatory effects of RFRP‐3 and kisspeptin on gonadotrophin‐releasing hormones (GnRH) neurones. We report their effect on GnRH mRNA expression and release in a novel GnRH neuronal cell model, mHypoA‐GnRH/GFP, generated from adult‐derived GnRH‐GFP neurones. The neurones express receptors for both RFRP‐3 and kisspeptin, Gpr147 and Gpr54, respectively. Incubation with 100 nm RFRP‐3 results in attenuation of GnRH mRNA expression by approximately 60%. Conversely, incubation with 10 nm of Kiss‐10 induced GnRH mRNA expression, whereas the combined effect was an overall repression of GnRH mRNA levels. With transcription inhibitors, the repression of GnRH mRNA levels was linked to a transcriptional mechanism but not mRNA stability. No significant changes in GnRH secretion were observed upon RFRP‐3 exposure in these neurones. Our findings suggest that the suppressive signalling of RFRP‐3 on GnRH transcription may dominate over kisspeptin induction in the mHypoA‐GnRH/GFP GnRH neuronal cell model.
Central V1b Receptor Antagonism in Lactating Rats: Impairment of Maternal Care But Not of Maternal Aggression
Authors: Bayerl D. S. , Klampfl S. M. , Bosch O. J. 
Published: October 2014

Maternal behaviour in rodents is mediated by the central oxytocin and vasopressin systems, amongst others. The role of vasopressin, acting via the V1a receptor (V1aR), on maternal care and maternal aggression has recently been described. However, a potential involvement of the V1b receptor (V1bR) in maternal behaviour has only been demonstrated in knockout mice. The present study aimed to examine the effects of central pharmacological manipulation of the V1bR on maternal behaviour in lactating Wistar rats. On pregnancy day 18, female rats were implanted with a guide cannula targeting the lateral ventricle. After parturition, dams received an acute central infusion of a specific V1bR agonist (d[Leu4,Lys8]VP) or V1bR antagonist (SSR149415) once daily, followed by observations of maternal care [lactation day (LD) 1], maternal motivation in the pup retrieval test (LD 2), anxiety‐related behaviour on the elevated plus‐maze (LD 3) and maternal aggression in the maternal defence test followed by maternal care monitoring (LD 4). Our data demonstrate that, under nonstress conditions, the V1bR antagonist decreased the occurrence of both nursing and mother–pup interaction, whereas the V1bR agonist did not affect either parameter. Under stress conditions (i.e. after the maternal defence test), mother–pup interaction was decreased by infusion of the V1bR antagonist. During the maternal defence test, neither treatment affected aggressive or non‐aggressive behaviour. Finally, neither treatment altered maternal motivation or anxiety. In conclusion, central V1bR antagonism modulates aspects of maternal care but not of maternal aggression or maternal motivation in lactating rats. These findings further extend our knowledge on the vasopressin system as a vital mediator of maternal behaviour.
Oestrogen‐Induced Activation of Preoptic Kisspeptin Neurones May be Involved in the Luteinising Hormone Surge in Male and Female Japanese Monkeys
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Uenoyama Y. , Suzuki J. , Takase K. , Suetomi Y. , Ohkura S. , Inoue N. , Maeda K.‐I. , Tsukamura H. 
Published: October 2014

The oestrogen‐induced luteinising hormone (LH) surge is evident in male primates, including humans, whereas male rodents never show the LH surge, even when treated with a preovulatory level of oestrogen. This suggests that the central mechanism governing reproductive hormones in primates is different from that in rodents. The present study aimed to investigate whether male Japanese monkeys conserve a brain mechanism mediating the oestrogen‐induced LH surge via activation of kisspeptin neurones. Adult male and female Japanese monkeys were gonadectomised and then were treated with oestradiol‐17β for 2 weeks followed by a bolus injection of oestradiol benzoate. Both male and female monkeys showed an oestrogen‐induced LH surge. In gonadectomised monkeys sacrificed just before the anticipated time of the LH surge, oestrogen treatment significantly increased the number of KISS1‐expressing cells in the preoptic area (POA) and enhanced the expression of c‐fos in POA KISS1‐positive cells of males and females. The oestrogen treatment failed to induce c‐fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) kisspeptin neurones in both sexes just prior to LH surge onset. Thus, kisspeptin neurones in the POA but not in the ARC might be involved in the positive‐feedback action of oestrogen that induces LH surge in male Japanese monkeys, as well as female monkeys. The present results indicate that oestrogen‐induced activation of POA kisspeptin neurones may contribute to the LH surge generation in both sexes. The conservation of the LH surge generating system found in adult male primates, unlike rodents, could be a result of the capability of oestrogen to induce POA kisspeptin expression and activation.
Cardiac biomarkers and clinical scores for risk stratification in elderly patients with non‐high‐risk pulmonary embolism
Authors: Vuilleumier N. , Limacher A. , Méan M. , Choffat J. , Lescuyer P. , Bounameaux H. , Aujesky D. , Righini M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prognostic accuracy of cardiac biomarkers alone and in combination with clinical scores in elderly patients with non‐high‐risk pulmonary embolism (PE).DesignAncillary analysis of a Swiss multicentre prospective cohort study.SubjectsA total of 230 patients aged ≥65 years with non‐high‐risk PE.Main outcome measuresThe study end‐point was a composite of PE‐related complications, defined as PE‐related death, recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding during a follow‐up of 30 days. The prognostic accuracy of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), the Geneva Prognostic Score (GPS), the precursor of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) was determined using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression and reclassification statistics.ResultsThe overall complication rate during follow‐up was 8.7%. hs‐cTnT achieved the highest prognostic accuracy [area under the ROC curve: 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.86, P < 0.001). At the predefined cut‐off values, the negative predictive values of the biomarkers were above 95%. For levels above the cut‐off, the risk of complications increased fivefold for hs‐cTnT [odds ratio (OR): 5.22, 95% CI: 1.49–18.25] and 14‐fold for NT‐proBNP (OR: 14.21, 95% CI: 1.73–116.93) after adjustment for both clinical scores and renal function. Reclassification statistics indicated that adding hs‐cTnT to the GPS or the PESI significantly improved the prognostic accuracy of both clinical scores.ConclusionIn elderly patients with nonmassive PE, NT‐proBNP or hs‐cTnT could be an adequate alternative to clinical scores for identifying low‐risk individuals suitable for outpatient management.
Reliability of intra‐oral quantitative sensory testing (QST) in patients with atypical odontalgia and healthy controls – a multicentre study
Authors: Baad‐Hansen L. , Pigg M. , Yang G. , List T. , Svensson P. , Drangsholt M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe reliability of comprehensive intra‐oral quantitative sensory testing (QST) protocol has not been examined systematically in patients with chronic oro‐facial pain. The aim of the present multicentre study was to examine test–retest and interexaminer reliability of intra‐oral QST measures in terms of absolute values and z‐scores as well as within‐session coefficients of variation (CV) values in patients with atypical odontalgia (AO) and healthy pain‐free controls. Forty‐five patients with AO and 68 healthy controls were subjected to bilateral intra‐oral gingival QST and unilateral extratrigeminal QST (thenar) on three occasions (twice on 1 day by two different examiners and once approximately 1 week later by one of the examiners). Intra‐class correlation coefficients and kappa values for interexaminer and test–retest reliability were computed. Most of the standardised intra‐oral QST measures showed fair to excellent interexaminer (9–12 of 13 measures) and test–retest (7–11 of 13 measures) reliability. Furthermore, no robust differences in reliability measures or within‐session variability (CV) were detected between patients with AO and the healthy reference group. These reliability results in chronic orofacial pain patients support earlier suggestions based on data from healthy subjects that intra‐oral QST is sufficiently reliable for use as a part of a comprehensive evaluation of patients with somatosensory disturbances or neuropathic pain in the trigeminal region.
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Trans People: Associations with Psychological Symptoms, Victimization, Interpersonal Functioning, and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Claes Laurence , Bouman Walter Pierre , Witcomb Gemma , Thurston Megan , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando , Arcelus Jon 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a paucity of systematic research in the area of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in trans people.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NSSI in trans people and the associations with intra- and interpersonal problems.MethodsParticipants were 155 untreated individuals with a diagnosis of transsexualism (according to International Classification of Disease-10 criteria) attending a national gender identity clinic.Main Outcome MeasuresAll participants completed the Self-Injury Questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Hamburg Body Drawing Scale, the Experiences of Transphobia Scale, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.ResultsThe sample consisted of 66.5% trans women and 33.5% trans men and 36.8% of them had a history of engaging in NSSI. The prevalence of NSSI was significantly higher in trans men (57.7%) compared with trans women (26.2%). Trans individuals with NSSI reported more psychological and interpersonal problems and perceived less social support compared with trans individuals without NSSI. Moreover, the probability of having experienced physical harassment related to being trans was highest in trans women with NSSI (compared with those without NSSI). The study found that with respect to psychological symptoms, trans women reported significantly more intrapersonal and interpersonal symptoms compared with trans men. Finally, the results of the regression analysis showed that the probability of engaging in NSSI by trans individuals was significantly positively related to a younger age, being trans male, and reporting more psychological symptoms.ConclusionsThe high levels of NSSI behavior and its association with interpersonal and interpersonal difficulties and lack of social support need to be taken into consideration when assessing trans individuals. The effect of cross-sex hormones and sex reassignment surgery on psychological functioning, including NSSI behavior, as part of the transitional journey of trans individuals should be explored in future studies.
Extended leaf phenology: a secret of successful invaders?
Authors: Rejmánek Marcel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSmith (2013), in this issue, reviews the consequences of extended leaf phenology of invasive plant species in native deciduous forests. How important is early leaf emergence and/or late leaf senescence for the success of non‐native species? What are the direct and indirect impacts on invaded communities and ecosystems? We are just at the very early stage in answering such questions.
How traits determine species responses to environmental gradients
Authors: Vesk Peter A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe role traits play in species distributions is central to developing a mechanistic and predictive plant ecology. Developments in generalized linear mixed models described by Jamil et al. in this issue provide a significant step in this endeavour. Trait‐based GLMMs are intuitive parametric models for exploring and predicting the distribution of species along environmental gradients, as affected by species traits.
The role of casein‐specific IgA and TGF‐β in children with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome to milk
Authors: Konstantinou George N. , Bencharitiwong Ramon , Grishin Alexander , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Bardina Luda , Sicherer Scott H. , Sampson Hugh A. , Nowak‐Węgrzyn Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a gastrointestinal hypersensitivity disorder with a poorly understood pathophysiology and no biomarkers to aid in diagnosis.ObjectiveTo investigate humoral and cellular responses to casein in children with milk‐FPIES, including the role of casein‐specific (cs) IgA and T‐cell mediated TGF‐β responses.Patients and methodsThirty‐one children previously diagnosed with milk‐FPIES were challenged with milk. Twelve age‐matched children with FPIES to other foods and 6 milk‐tolerant children without a history of FPIES were used as controls. Casein‐specific IgE, IgG, IgG4, and IgA were measured in serum and TGF‐β levels in supernatants of casein‐stimulated PBMCs.ResultTwenty‐six children with milk‐FPIES reacted (active milk‐FPIES) and five tolerated milk (milk‐FPIES resolved) during food challenge. All of them had significantly lower levels of csIgG, csIgG4, and csIgA than control children (p‐value<0.001). There were no TGF‐β responses in supernatants of active milk‐FPIES children.ConclusionChildren with milk‐FPIES have low levels of csIgG, csIgG4, and csIgA. In particular, children with active FPIES to cow's milk have deficient T‐cell mediated TGF‐β responses to casein, rendering TGF‐β a promising biomarker in identifying children who are likely to experience FPIES reactions to this allergen. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings, elucidate their role in FPIES pathophysiology, and establish the diagnostic utility of TGF‐β in milk‐induced FPIES.
Persons, Minds, and Bodies: Christian Philosophy on the Relationship of Persons and Their Bodies, Part I
Authors: Visala Aku 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe relationship of minds, bodies, and persons has been a central topic of debate in Western philosophy and theology. This article reviews the ongoing debates about the relationship and nature of bodies, minds, and persons among contemporary Christian analytic philosophers and theologians. The first two parts present some general theological constraints for philosophical theories of persons and describe the basic concepts used (substance, property, supervenience, and physicalism). The views themselves fall into three broad categories. Dualists think that persons are either identical with or partly constituted by non‐physical souls. On this view, there are immaterial substances and properties. Hylomorphists maintain that persons are composites of bodies and the souls that inform them. Finally, physicalists claim that there are no immaterial parts to persons. Instead, persons are composed of bodies and brains, the mental properties they have supervene on physical properties.
Purgatory
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEschatological issues have received a great deal of attention in recent analytic philosophy of religion. Most of that attention has revolved around the metaphysics and ethics of heaven, hell, and bodily resurrection; this is unsurprising, as these doctrines are universally affirmed among theologically orthodox Christians. By contrast, the doctrine of purgatory is not the subject of universal affirmation. Nevertheless it boasts a growing literature. After an introduction to the doctrine and its place in historical theology, I proceed to survey this recent literature. I conclude by providing some suggestions for future research.
Daoism and Wu
Authors: Chai David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of nothingness as used in classical Daoist philosophy, building upon contemporary scholarship by offering a uniquely phenomenological reading of the term. It will be argued that the Chinese word wu bears upon two planes of reality concurrently: as ontological nothingness and as ontic nonbeing. Presenting wu in this dyadic manner is essential if we wish to avoid equating it with Dao itself, as many have been wont to do; rather, wu is the mystery that perpetually veils Dao while serving as the root and counter‐balance to being, and yet, Dao also imbues things with wu to the extant that their physical makeup and usefulness, or lack thereof, can be traced back to their source in Dao. This does not only mean that Daoist cosmogony and metaphysics are inherently informed by nothingness/nonbeing instead of being/beings but that it works to unground all moral and epistemological norms in play, a feat no other school of thought in ancient China could accomplish.
We Stop for No Storm: Coping with an Environmental Disaster and Public Health Research
Authors: Reifsnider Elizabeth , Bishop Sheryl L. , An Kyungeh , Mendias Elnora , Welker‐Hood Kristen , Moramarco Michael W. , Davila Yolanda R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCoping with natural disasters is part of the public nurses' role, and the public health nursing (PHN) researcher is doubly challenged with continuing to conduct community‐based research in the midst of the disaster. The PHN may provide service along with attempting to continue the research. The challenges faced by public/community health nurse researchers as a result of hurricane Ike are discussed to provide lessons for other public/community health researchers who may be affected by natural disasters in the future. It is important to consider challenges for recruitment and retention of research subjects after a disaster, impact of natural disasters on ongoing research, and opportunities for research to be found in coping with natural disasters. A community‐based study that was in progress at the time of hurricane Ike will be used as an example for coping with a natural disaster. We will present “lessons learned” in the hope of helping researchers consider what can go wrong with research studies in the midst of natural disasters and how to proactively plan for keeping research reliable and valid when natural disasters occur. We will also discuss the opportunities for collaborations between researchers and the community following any disaster.