bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation of Achilles Tendinopathy and Body Mass Index
Authors: Scott Ryan T. , Hyer Christopher F. , Granata Angela 
Published: May 2013

With this study we intend to determine if there is a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and Achilles tendon pathology. A retrospective chart review of 197 patients was performed with CPT codes of Achilles tendinosis/tendonitis. These 197 patients were then compared with 100 random new patient encounters excluding Achilles pathology, plantar fasciitis, and surgical consults. Statistical analysis was then performed to identify correlation of BMI to incidence of Achilles tendinosis compared with patients without Achilles pathology. A total of 197 Achilles tendon pathology patients (113 male, 84 female) were analyzed and had a mean age of 52.77 ± 11.8 years (21-82) with a BMI of 34.69 ± 7.54 (17.9-75.9). The control group had a mean age of 42.74 ± 12.1 years (21-78) and mean BMI of 30.56 ± 7.55 (19.7-61.5). A significant difference was found in mean BMI between the Achilles tendinopathy group versus the control group ( P < .001). There was a very significant difference in age noted between the 2 cohorts (52.77 years vs 42.74 years, P < .001), perhaps reenforcing the involvement of age-related degenerative changes. In this study, patients with Achilles pathology exhibited a significantly higher BMI than non-Achilles patients ( P < .001) even after accounting for age. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic Level II
Tinderet volcano, Kenya: an altered natrocarbonatite locality?
Authors: Zaitsev A. N. , Wenzel T. , Vennemann T. , Markl G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Tinderet volcano (19.9 to 5.5 Ma), located within the Kavirondo rift in Kenya, contains blocks of carbonatite lavas with calcite, minor apatite, fluorite, spinel-group minerals, accessory perovskite and 'plumbopyrochlore'; nyerereite is present as inclusions in the perovskite. At least four types of calcite are present in the carbonatite lavas; they differ in morphology, composition and origin. The dominant variety is secondary type-II calcite, which is enriched in sodium (up to 1.1 wt.% Na2O) and strontium (up to 1.3 wt.% SrO). The spinel-group minerals are manganese-bearing and include Mn-rich magnetite, magnesioferrite and jacobsite. Oxygen isotope data for bulk carbonatite samples (δ18O = +16.2 % to +22.6 % VSMOW) support a low crystallization temperature for the secondary calcite. Petrographic, mineralogical and isotopic data indicate that the Tinderet carbonatites are similar to natrocarbonatites from the Oldoinyo Lengai and Kerimasi volcanoes that have altered and recrystallized to form calcite carbonatites. These data support the hypothesis that some of the Tinderet carbonatites were originally alkali-rich rocks which contained primary nyerereite.
Crystal chemistry and formation mechanism of non-stoichiometric monoclinic K-jarosites
Authors: Grey I. E. , Scarlett N. V. Y. , Brand H. E. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSyntheses in acidified hydrothermal (HT) solutions (1 N H2SO4or stronger) produce monoclinic non-stoichiometric K-jarosites which contain Fe-site vacancies with long-range order. Syntheses in non-acidified HT solutions produce rhombohedral K-jarosites which contain relatively large numbers of Fe-site vacancies with no long-range order. Increasing the [Fe]/[K] ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time in non-acidified solutions promotes the formation of monoclinic jarosites which contain Fe-site vacancies with short-range order. A structural model including details of the ordering of the Fe-site vacancies was obtained by refinement of single-crystal synchrotron data from one of the HT synthesis products; this model was used to refine synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data from products synthesized at different reaction times, temperatures and [Fe]/[K] ratios. Thermal and chemical analyses are consistent with a model for non-stoichiometry in which domains of stoichiometric jarosite are intergrown with butlerite-like iron-deficient domains with a composition [Fe2(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4]. It was found that heterogeneous nucleation of monoclinic jarosite on Si disks is preceded by the formation of an oriented film of Maus's Salt, K5Fe3O(SO4)6·10H2O, as a precursor phase, and that this transforms topotactically into oriented jarosite, which contains butlerite-like layers parallel to the disk surface. Structural models for the transformation of Maus's Salt into jarosite are proposed.
Kudryavtsevaite, Na3MgFe3+Ti4O12, a new kimberlitic mineral
Authors: Anashkin S. , Bovkun A. , Bindi L. , Garanin V. , Litvin Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKudryavtsevaite, ideally Na3MgFe3+Ti4O12, is a new mineral from kimberlitic rocks of the Orapa area, Botswana. It occurs as rare prismatic crystals, up to 100 μm m across, associated with Mg-rich ilmenite, freudenbergite and ulvöspinel. Kudryavtsevaite is opaque with a vitreous lustre and shows a black streak. It is brittle; the Vickers hardness (VHN100) is 901 kg mm−2 (range: 876–925) (Mohs hardness ∼6). In reflected light, kudryavtsevaite is moderately bireflectant and very weakly pleochroic from dark grey to a slightly bluish grey. Under crossed polars, it is very weakly anisotropic with greyish-bluish rotation tints. Internal reflections are absent. Reflectance values (%), Rmin and Rmax, are: 21.3, 25.4 (471.1 nm), 20.6, 24.1 (548.3 nm), 20.0, 23.5 (586.6 nm) and 19.1, 22.4 (652.3 nm).Kudryavtsevaite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 27.714(1), b = 2.9881(3), c = 11.3564(6) Å, V = 940.5(1) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure [R1 = 0.0168 for 819 reflections with I > 2σ(I)] consists of edge-sharing and corner-sharing chains composed of Mg, Fe3+ and Ti atoms coordinated by six atoms of oxygen and running along the b axis, with Na filling the tunnels formed by the chains. The eight strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 7.17 (100) (301), 4.84 (70) (302), 2.973 (35) (901), 2.841 (50) (004), 2.706 (50) (902), 2.541 (50) (312), 2.450 (70) (611), and 2.296 (45) (612). The average results of 12 electron microprobe analyses gave (wt.%): Na2O 16.46(15), CaO 1.01(3), MgO 5.31(5), Fe2O3 22.24(32), Cr2O3 1.05(6), Al2O3 0.03(2), TiO2 53.81(50), total 99.91, corresponding to the empirical formula (Na2.89Ca0.10)Σ2.99(Ti3.67Fe1.523+Mg0.72Cr0.08)Σ5.99O12, or ideally Na3MgFe3+Ti4O12.The new mineral has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC and named for Galina Kudryavtseva (1947–2006), a well known Russian mineralogist and founder of the Diamond Mineralogy Laboratory and scientific school for investigation of diamond mineralogy and geochemistry at the Lomonosov State University in Moscow, Russia.
Bond-valence constraints around the O1 site of tourmaline
Authors: Bosi F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe stabilities of possible Y(R3+ + R2+ + Li+) clusters around the W anion (O1 site) of the tourmaline structure were checked using the bond-valence approach. Arrangements involving R3+ = Al3+ or Fe3+ and R2+ = (Fe, Mn, Mg)2+ were all found to be stable. Structural data show a strong linear correlation between the mean formal valence (MFV) of the Y cations and the long-range average bond valence sum (BVS) at the O1 site, as estimated from bond-valence parameters. This correlation is observed for all chemical compositions of tourmaline, except for fluor-buergerite where the O3 site is dominated by oxygen anions. Results show that the long-range site populations of the Y and O1 sites are related to each other by valence constraints described by the empirical and theoretical equations: BVS(O1) = [0.99 MFV(Y) − 1.20] and MFV(O1) = [1.00 MFV(Y) − 1.00], respectively. The systematic deviation of the empirical equation from the ideal one is ascribed to the occurrence of bond strain involving the O1 site. An important implication of the correlation between MFV(Y) and BVS(O1) is that the (OH) content at the O1 site may be estimated by the equation W(OH) = 2 − [1.01 BVS(O1)] − 0.21 − F.
NrasG12D/+ promotes leukemogenesis by aberrantly regulating hematopoietic stem cell functions
Authors: Wang Jinyong , Kong Guangyao , Liu Yangang , Du Juan , Chang Yuan-I , Tey Sin Ruow , Zhang Xinmin , Ranheim Erik A. , Saba-El-Leil Marc K. , Meloche Sylvain , Damnernsawad Alisa , Zhang Jingfang , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
NrasG12D/+ induces proliferation and increases self-renewal and myeloid differentiation bias in HSCs. ERK1/2 is constitutively hyperactivated in NrasG12D/+ HSCs and downregulation of the MEK/ERK signaling attenuates NrasG12D/+ HSC phenotypes.
FLT3 inhibitor-induced neutrophilic dermatosis
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Le Long , Hasserjian Robert P. , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Levis Mark , Chen Yi-Bin 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
Infiltrating FLT3-ITD neutrophils identified in skin confirms terminal differentiation of FLT3-ITD blasts after FLT3 inhibitor therapy. Neutrophilic dermatosis after FLT3 inhibition may be a manifestation of a differentiation syndrome associated with this treatment.
Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , De Keersmaecker Kim , Hadler Michael , Paietta Elisabeth , Tallman Martin S. , Rowe Jacob M. , Forne Carles , Rue Montserrat , Ferrando Adolfo A. 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
Integrated genomic profiling identifies high-risk adult T-ALL patients with poor response to intensified chemotherapy.
Headache associated with cough: a review
Authors: Cordenier Ann , De Hertogh Willem , De Keyser Jacques , Versijpt Jan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Headache only triggered by coughing is a rather uncommon condition. The aim of the present review is to present an overview of the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of both primary and symptomatic cough headache and discuss other relevant headache disorders affected by coughing. The diagnosis of primary cough headache is made when headache is brought on and occurs only in association with coughing, straining or a Valsalva manoeuvre and in the absence of any abnormalities on neuro-imaging. In case an underlying pathology is identified as a cause of the headache, the diagnosis of symptomatic cough headache is made. The vast majority of these patients present with a Chiari malformation type I. Other frequently reported causes include miscellaneous posterior fossa pathology, carotid or vertebrobasilar disease and cerebral aneurysms. Consequently, diagnostic neuroimaging is key in the diagnosis of cough-related headache and guides treatment. Besides primary and symptomatic cough headache, several other both primary and secondary headache disorders exist where coughing acts as a trigger or aggravator of headache symptomatology.
Zoonoses in pet birds: review and perspectives
Authors: Boseret Geraldine , Losson Bertrand , Mainil Jacques G , Thiry Etienne , Saegerman Claude 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Pet birds are a not-so-well known veterinarian’s clientship fraction. Bought individually or in couples, as families often do (which is a lucrative business for pet shops or local breeders) or traded (sometimes illegally) for their very high genetic or exotic value, these birds, commonly canaries, parakeets or parrots, are regularly sold at high prices. These animals, however, are potential carriers and/or transmitters of zoonotic diseases. Some of them could have an important impact on human health, like chlamydophilosis, salmonellosis or even highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1. This review paper, although non exhaustive, aims at enlightening, by the description of several cases of bird-human transmission, the risks encountered by bird owners, including children. Public health consequences will be discussed and emphasis will be made on some vector-borne diseases, known to be emergent or which are underestimated, like those transmitted by the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Finally, biosecurity and hygiene, as well as prevention guidelines will be developed and perspectives proposed.
Chicken innate immune response to oral infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Matulova Marta , Varmuzova Karolina , Sisak Frantisek , Havlickova Hana , Babak Vladimir , Stejskal Karel , Zdrahal Zbynek , Rychlik Ivan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The characterization of the immune response of chickens to Salmonella infection is usually limited to the quantification of expression of genes coding for cytokines, chemokines or antimicrobial peptides. However, processes occurring in the cecum of infected chickens are likely to be much more diverse. In this study we have therefore characterized the transcriptome and proteome in the chicken cecum after infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Using a combination of 454 pyrosequencing, protein mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified 48 down- and 56 up-regulated chicken genes after Salmonella Enteritidis infection. The most inducible gene was that coding for MMP7, exhibiting a 5952 fold induction 9 days post-infection. An induction of greater than 100 fold was observed for IgG, IRG1, SAA, ExFABP, IL-22, TRAP6, MRP126, IFNγ, iNOS, ES1, IL-1β, LYG2, IFIT5, IL-17, AVD, AH221 and SERPIN B. Since prostaglandin D2 synthase was upregulated and degrading hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was downregulated after the infection, prostaglandin must accumulate in the cecum of chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Finally, above mentioned signaling was dependent on the presence of a SPI1-encoded type III secretion system in Salmonella Enteritidis. The inflammation lasted for 2 weeks after which time the expression of the “inflammatory” genes returned back to basal levels and, instead, the expression of IgA and IgG increased. This points to an important role for immunoglobulins in the restoration of homeostasis in the cecum after infection.
Genomics-driven discovery of the pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster in the fungus Glarea lozoyensis
Authors: Chen Li , Yue Qun , Zhang Xinyu , Xiang Meichun , Wang Chengshu , Li Shaojie , Che Yongsheng , Ortiz-López Francisco Javier , Bills Gerald F , Liu Xingzhong , An Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe antifungal therapy caspofungin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pneumocandin B0, a lipohexapeptide produced by the fungusGlarea lozoyensis, and was the first member of the echinocandin class approved for human therapy. The nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-polyketide synthases (PKS) gene cluster responsible for pneumocandin biosynthesis fromG. lozoyensishas not been elucidated to date. In this study, we report the elucidation of the pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster by whole genome sequencing of theG. lozoyensiswild-type strain ATCC 20868.ResultsThe pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster contains a NRPS (GLNRPS4) and a PKS (GLPKS4) arranged in tandem, two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, seven other modifying enzymes, and genes for L-homotyrosine biosynthesis, a component of the peptide core. Thus, the pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster is significantly more autonomous and organized than that of the recently characterized echinocandin B gene cluster. Disruption mutants of GLNRPS4 and GLPKS4 no longer produced the pneumocandins (A0and B0), and theΔglnrps4andΔglpks4mutants lost antifungal activity against the human pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. In addition to pneumocandins, theG. lozoyensisgenome encodes a rich repertoire of natural product-encoding genes including 24 PKSs, six NRPSs, five PKS-NRPS hybrids, two dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases, and 14 terpene synthases.ConclusionsCharacterization of the gene cluster provides a blueprint for engineering new pneumocandin derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. Whole genome estimation of the secondary metabolite-encoding genes fromG. lozoyensisprovides yet another example of the huge potential for drug discovery from natural products from the fungal kingdom.
Rectal forceps biopsy procedure in cystic fibrosis: technical aspects and patients perspective for clinical trials feasibility
Authors: Servidoni Maria F , Sousa Marisa , Vinagre Adriana M , Cardoso Silvia R , Ribeiro Maria A , Meirelles Luciana R , de Carvalho Rita B , Kunzelmann Karl , Ribeiro Antônio F , Ribeiro José D , Amaral Margarida D 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Measurements of CFTR function in rectal biopsies ex vivo have been used for diagnosis and prognosis of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) disease. Here, we aimed to evaluate this procedure regarding: i) viability of the rectal specimens obtained by biopsy forceps for ex vivo bioelectrical and biochemical laboratory analyses; and ii) overall assessment (comfort, invasiveness, pain, sedation requirement, etc.) of the rectal forceps biopsy procedure from the patients perspective to assess its feasibility as an outcome measure in clinical trials.

Methods
We compared three bowel preparation solutions (NaCl 0.9%, glycerol 12%, mannitol), and two biopsy forceps (standard and jumbo) in 580 rectal specimens from 132 individuals (CF and non-CF). Assessment of the overall rectal biopsy procedure (obtained by biopsy forceps) by patients was carried out by telephone surveys to 75 individuals who underwent the sigmoidoscopy procedure.

Results
Integrity and friability of the tissue specimens correlate with their transepithelial resistance (r = −0.438 and −0.305, respectively) and are influenced by the bowel preparation solution and biopsy forceps used, being NaCl and jumbo forceps the most compatible methods with the electrophysiological analysis. The great majority of the individuals (76%) did not report major discomfort due to the short procedure time (max 15 min) and considered it relatively painless (79%). Importantly, most (88%) accept repeating it at least for one more time and 53% for more than 4 times.

Conclusions
Obtaining rectal biopsies with a flexible endoscope and jumbo forceps after bowel preparation with NaCl solution is a safe procedure that can be adopted for both adults and children of any age, yielding viable specimens for CFTR bioelectrical/biochemical analyses. The procedure is well tolerated by patients, demonstrating its feasibility as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Ocular inflammatory disease and ocular tuberculosis in a cohort of patients co-infected with HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mehta Salil , Mansoor Homa , Khan Samsuddin , Saranchuk Peter , Isaakidis Petros 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The prevalence and the patterns of ocular inflammatory disease and ocular tuberculosis (TB) are largely undocumented among Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods
Lilavati Hospital and Research Center and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) organized a cross-sectional ophthalmological evaluation of HIV/MDR-TB co-infected patients followed in an MSF-run HIV-clinic in Mumbai, India, which included measuring visual acuity, and slit lamp and dilated fundus examinations.

Results
Between February and April 2012, 47 HIV/MDR-TB co-infected patients (including three patients with extensively drug-resistant TB) were evaluated. Sixty-four per cent were male, mean age was 39 years (standard deviation: 8.7) and their median (IQR) CD4 count at the time of evaluation was 264 cells/μL (158–361). Thirteen patients (27%) had detectable levels of HIV viremia (>20 copies/ml). Overall, examination of the anterior segments was normal in 45/47 patients (96%). A dilated fundus examination revealed active ocular inflammatory disease in seven eyes of seven patients (15.5%, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI); 5.1-25.8%). ‘These included five eyes of five patients (10%) with choroidal tubercles, one eye of one patient (2%) with presumed tubercular chorioretinitis and one eye of one patient (2%) with evidence of presumed active CMV retinitis. Presumed ocular tuberculosis was thus seen in a total of six patients (12.7%, 95% CI; 3.2-22.2%). Two patients who had completed anti-TB treatment had active ocular inflammatory disease, in the form of choroidal tubercles (two eyes of two patients). Inactive scars were seen in three eyes of three patients (6%). Patients with extrapulmonary TB and patients <39 years old were at significantly higher risk of having ocular TB [Risk Ratio: 13.65 (95% CI: 2.4-78.5) and 6.38 (95% CI: 1.05-38.8) respectively].

Conclusions
Ocular inflammatory disease, mainly ocular tuberculosis, was common in a cohort of HIV/MDR-TB co-infected patients in Mumbai, India. Ophthalmological examination should be routinely considered in HIV patients diagnosed with or suspected to have MDR-TB, especially in those with extrapulmonary TB.
Determinants of inter birth interval among married women living in rural pastoral communities of southern Ethiopia: a case control study
Authors: Begna Zenebu , Assegid Sahilu , Kassahun Wondwosen , Gerbaba Mulusew 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Though birth interval has beneficial effects on health status of the mother and their children, it is affected by range of factors some of which are rooted in social and cultural norms and the reproductive behaviors of individual women. However, there was limited data showed the determinants of birth intervals in rural pastoral communities of South Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess the determinants of inter birth interval among women’s of child bearing age in Yaballo Woreda, Borena zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community based unmatched case–control study with multi stage sampling technique was conducted from January to March 2012. Cases were women with two subsequent birth intervals of less than three years and controls were women with two subsequent birth intervals between three and above years. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select six hundred fifty two (326 cases and 326 controls) study subjects. All explanatory variables that were associated with the outcome variable (birth interval) during bivariate analysis were included in the final logistic model. Multivariable backward logistic regression when P values less than or equal to 0.05 and 95% CI were used to determine independent determinants for the outcome of interest.

Results
The median duration of birth interval was 31 & 40 months among cases and controls respectively. Variables such as number of children (AOR 3.73 95% CI: (1.50, 9.25), use of modern contraceptives (AOR 5.91 95% CI: (4.02, 8.69), mothers’ educational status (AOR 1.89 95% CI: (1.15, 3.37), and sex of the child (AOR 1.72 95% CI: (1.17, 2.52) were significantly associated with birth intervals.

Conclusions
Concerted efforts to encourage modern contraceptive use, women education, and breastfeeding should be made.
The roles of Notch1 expression in the migration of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wang Yafeng , Peng Baogang , Liang Lijian , Li Jiaping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundNotch signaling, a critical pathway for tissue development, contributes to tumorigenesis in many tissues; however, the roles of Notch signaling in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression and effects of Notch1 on cell migration in ICC.MethodsMultiple cellular and molecular approaches were performed including gene transfection, siRNA transfection, RT-PCR, Western blotting, Rac activation assays and immunofluorescence.ResultsWe found that Notch1 was up-regulated in ICC tissues and cell lines. The exogenous expression of Notch1 in glioma cells increased their migratory and invasive capacity. Similarly, the suppression of Notch1 expression inactivated Rac1 and inhibited ICC cell migration. Notch1 over expression induced an Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype that included enhanced expression of α-SMA and Vimentin, loss of E-cadherin expression, morphological changes and cytoskeletal reorganization in ICC cells.ConclusionNotch1 may induce a migratory effect in ICC by causing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activating Rac1 and could serve as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in patients with ICC.