bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent contrasting winter temperature changes over North America linked to enhanced positive Pacific‐North American pattern
Authors: Liu Zhongfang , Jian Zhimin , Yoshimura Kei , Buenning Nikolaus H. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecently enhanced contrasts in winter (December‐January‐February) mean temperatures and extremes (cold southeast and warm northwest) across North America have triggered intensive discussion both within and outside of the scientific community, but the mechanisms responsible for these contrasts remain unresolved. Here we use a combination of observations and reanalysis data sets to show that the strengthened contrasts in winter mean temperatures and extremes across North America are closely related to an enhancement of the positive Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern during the second half of the 20th century. Recent intensification of positive PNA events is associated with amplified planetary waves over North America, driving cold‐air outbreaks into the southeast and warm tropical/subtropical air into the northwest. This not only results in a strengthened winter mean temperature contrast but increases the occurrence of the opposite‐signed extremes in these two regions.
Low‐altitude satellite measurements of pulsating auroral electrons
Authors: Samara M. , Michell R. G. , Redmon R. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and Reimei satellites, where common‐volume high‐resolution ground‐based auroral imaging data are available. These satellite overpasses of ground‐based all‐sky imagers reveal the specific features of the electron populations responsible for different types of pulsating aurora modulations. The energies causing the pulsating aurora mostly range from 3 keV to 20 keV but can at times extend up to 30 keV. The secondary, low‐energy electrons (<1 keV) are diminished from the precipitating distribution when there are strong temporal variations in auroral intensity. There are often persistent spatial structures present inside regions of pulsating aurora, and in these regions there are secondary electrons in the precipitating populations. The reduction of secondary electrons is consistent with the strongly temporally varying pulsating aurora being associated with field‐aligned currents and hence parallel potential drops of up to 1 kV.
Electromagnetic cyclotron waves in the dayside subsolar outer magnetosphere generated by enhanced solar wind pressure: EMIC wave coherency
Authors: Remya B. , Tsurutani B. T. , Reddy R. V. , Lakhina G. S. , Hajra R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElectromagnetic ion (proton) cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler mode chorus are simultaneously detected in the Earth's dayside subsolar outer magnetosphere. The observations were made near the magnetic equator 3.1°–1.5° magnetic latitude at 1300 magnetic local time from L = 9.9 to 7.0. It is hypothesized that the solar wind external pressure caused preexisting energetic 10–100 keV protons and electrons to be energized in the T⊥ component by betatron acceleration and the resultant temperature anisotropy (T⊥>T∥) formed led to the simultaneous generation of both EMIC (ion) and chorus (electron) waves. The EMIC waves had maximum wave amplitudes of ∼6 nT in a ∼60 nT ambient field B0. The observed EMIC wave amplitudes were about ∼10 times higher than the usually observed chorus amplitudes (∼0.1–0.5 nT). The EMIC waves are found to be coherent to quasi‐coherent in nature. Calculations of relativistic ∼1–2 MeV electron pitch angle transport are made using the measured wave amplitudes and wave packet lengths. Wave coherency was assumed. Calculations show that in a ∼25–50 ms interaction with an EMIC wave packet, relativistic electron can be transported ∼27° in pitch. Assuming dipole magnetic field lines for a L = 9 case, the cyclotron resonant interaction is terminated ∼±20° away from the magnetic equator due to lack of resonance at higher latitudes. It is concluded that relativistic electron anomalous cyclotron resonant interactions with coherent EMIC waves near the equatorial plane is an excellent loss mechanism for these particles. It is also shown that E > 1 MeV electrons cyclotron resonating with coherent chorus is an unlikely mechanism for relativistic microbursts. Temporal structures of ∼30 keV precipitating protons will be ∼2–3 s which will be measurable at the top of the ionosphere.
Arctic budget study of intermember variability using HIRHAM5 ensemble simulations
Authors: Sommerfeld Anja , Nikiema Oumarou , Rinke Annette , Dethloff Klaus , Laprise René 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the challenges in evaluating and applying regional climate models (RCMs) is the nonlinear behavior of atmospheric processes, which is still poorly understood. The nonlinearities induce chaos which leads to an internal variability in the model. Therefore, an ensemble of RCM simulations has been run and a budget study for potential temperature has been applied to investigate the internally generated variability. Hence, the physical processes associated with diabatic and dynamical terms inducing the intermember variability have been analyzed. The study is applied over the Arctic on an ensemble of 20 members, differing in their initial conditions, simulated with the RCM HIRHAM5 during summer 2012. This time period is of particular importance because of the melting sea ice and its influence on atmospheric circulation and the resulting effect on the intermember variability. The amplitude of the intermember variability of the simulations fluctuates strongly both temporally and spatially. During the beginning of August 2012 the intermember variability is strongest and coincides with the great Arctic cyclone event. The most important contributions for the intermember variability tendency are the horizontal and vertical “baroclinic” terms. Both terms have largest absolute values along the coastlines of the Arctic Ocean which are associated with the Arctic frontal zone leading to the cyclone maximum over the Arctic Ocean during summer.
Fading Affect Bias in the Philippines: Confirmation of the FAB in Positive and Negative Memories but Not for Death Memories
Authors: Bond Gary D. , Walker W. Richard , Bargo Ann J. B. , Bansag Mern J. , Self Elizabeth A. , Henderson Dawn X. , Anu Rose M. , Sum Lillyanna S. , Alderson Courtney J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryEmotions associated with memories for the loss of a loved one and for negative events in general decrease in intensity more than memories associated with positive events, a phenomenon known as the fading affect bias (FAB). We tested whether FAB was cross‐culturally evident by collecting positive, negative, and memories for the deaths of loved ones from Filipinos. Memories were coded as violent/nonviolent and resolved/unresolved, and we predicted that resolved memories should show greater fading and that affective details should be lower in those memory accounts. FAB analyses revealed that negative affective intensity faded while positive affect remained constant, supporting FAB for positive and negative memories. However, there was no evidence of FAB in Filipinos' death memories. Filipinos' positive memories were distributed from the period of the reminiscence bump and focused on themes of childbirth and marriage, while negative and death memories did not cluster at any period of life.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triphenylphosphine/2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (PPh3/DDQ) System for Conversion of Alcohols and Thiols into Trialkyl Phosphonates
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Rajabi Moghadam Khashayar , Etemadi‐Davan Elham 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn efficient method is reported for the reaction of alcohols or thiols with trialkylphosphites in the presence of a PPh3/2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) mixed reagent system for the preparation of trialkyl phosphonate derivatives. The reactions were performed in refluxing acetonitrile to deliver high yields of the title compounds.
Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans via Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkenols
Authors: Sultana Sabera , Devi Ngangbam Renubala , Saikia Anil K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkenols mediated by boron trifluoride etherate leads to substituted five‐membered tetrahydrofurans and six‐membered tetrahydropyrans in good yields.
Ileum perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Nakao Atsunori , Okamoto Ayana , Kihara Takako , Hirota Seiichi , Fujisaki Noritomo , Kotani Joji 
Published: August 2015

CaseA 73‐year‐old woman was transferred to our department due to severe abdominal pain with peritonitis. Her laboratory data showed that her white blood cell count was elevated to more than 50,000/mm3. Antibodies to HTLV‐I were positive and we made the diagnosis of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL).OutcomeEmergency laparotomy was performed and revealed two separate small perforations of the ileum, requiring bowel resection. Immunohistochemistry for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen revealed positive staining in the intestinal stromal cells. Despite surgery and antiviral therapy with ganciclovir, she died after 28 days.ConclusionAdult T‐cell leukemia patients may present acute abdominal pain due to intestinal perforation caused by CMV infection. We should be aware of CMV infection as one of the pathogens causing acute abdominal crises such as massive hemorrhage or visceral perforation.
Emergency medicine as a specialty in Asia
Authors: Pek Jen Heng , Lim Swee Han , Ho Hiu Fai , Ramakrishnan T. V. , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah , Mesa‐Gaerlan Faith Joan C. , Tiru Mohan , Hwang Sung Oh , Choi Wai‐Mau , Kanchanasut Somchai , Khruekarnchana Pairoj , Avsarogullari Levent , Shimazu Takeshi , Hori Shingo 
Published: August 2015

AimWe aim to examine the similarities and differences in areas of EM development, workload, workforce, and capabilities and support in the Asia region. Emerging challenges faced by our EM community are also discussed.MethodsThe National Societies for Emergency Medicine of Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey participated in the joint Japanese Association of Acute Medicine (JAAM) and Asian Conference of Emergency Medicine (ACEM) Special Symposium held in October 2013 at Tokyo, Japan. The findings are reviewed in this paper.ResultsEmergency medicine (EM) has over the years evolved into a distinct and recognized medical discipline requiring a unique set of cognitive, administrative and technical skills for managing all types of patients with acute illness or injury. EM has contributed to healthcare by providing effective, safe, efficient and cost‐effective patient care. Integrated systems have developed to allow continuity of emergency care from the community into emergency departments. Structured training curriculum for undergraduates, and specialty training programs for postgraduates are in place to equip trainees with the knowledge and skills required for the unique practice of EM.ConclusionThe practice of EM still varies among the Asian countries. However, as a region, we strive to continue in our efforts to develop the specialty and improve the delivery of EM.
A Hollow Foldecture with Truncated Trigonal Bipyramid Shape from the Self‐Assembly of an 11‐Helical Foldamer
Authors: Eom Jae‐Hoon , Gong Jintaek , Kwon Sunbum , Jeon Aram , Jeong Rokam , Driver Russell W. , Lee Hee‐Seung 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe creation of self‐assembling microscale architectures that possess new and useful physical properties remains a significant challenge. Herein we report that an 11‐helical foldamer self‐assembles in a controlled manner to form a series of 3D foldectures with unusual three‐fold symmetrical shapes that are distinct from those generated from 12‐helical foldamers. The foldamer packing motif was revealed by powder X‐ray diffraction technique, and provides an important link between the molecular‐level symmetry and the microscale morphologies. The utility of foldectures with hollow interiors as robust and well‐defined supramolecular hosts was demonstrated for inorganic, organic, and even protein guests. This work will pave the way for the design of functional foldectures with greater 3D shape diversity and for the development of biocompatible delivery vehicles and containment vessels.
Blending Cr2O3 into a NiO–Ni Electrocatalyst for Sustained Water Splitting
Authors: Gong Ming , Zhou Wu , Kenney Michael James , Kapusta Rich , Cowley Sam , Wu Yingpeng , Lu Bingan , Lin Meng‐Chang , Wang Di‐Yan , Yang Jiang , Hwang Bing‐Joe , Dai Hongjie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe rising H2 economy demands active and durable electrocatalysts based on low‐cost, earth‐abundant materials for water electrolysis/photolysis. Here we report nanoscale Ni metal cores over‐coated by a Cr2O3‐blended NiO layer synthesized on metallic foam substrates. The Ni@NiO/Cr2O3 triphase material exhibits superior activity and stability similar to Pt for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction in basic solutions. The chemically stable Cr2O3 is crucial for preventing oxidation of the Ni core, maintaining abundant NiO/Ni interfaces as catalytically active sites in the heterostructure and thus imparting high stability to the hydrogen‐evolution catalyst. The highly active and stable electrocatalyst enables an alkaline electrolyzer operating at 20 mA cm−2 at a voltage lower than 1.5 V, lasting longer than 3 weeks without decay. The non‐precious metal catalysts afford a high efficiency of about 15 % for light‐driven water splitting using GaAs solar cells.
Chiral Cyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Complexes Promote Enantioselective Cycloisomerizations Giving Fused Cyclopropanes
Authors: Dieckmann Michael , Jang Yun‐Suk , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe cyclopentadienyl (Cp) group is a very important ligand for many transition‐metal complexes which have been applied in catalysis. The availability of chiral cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cpx) lags behind other ligand classes, thus hampering the investigation of enantioselective processes. We report a library of chiral CpxIrIII complexes equipped with an atropchiral Cp scaffold. A robust complexation procedure reliably provides CpxIrIII complexes with tunable counterions. In a proof‐of‐concept application, the iodide‐bearing members are shown to be highly selective for enyne cycloisomerization reactions. The dehydropiperidine‐fused cyclopropane products are formed in good yields and enantioselectivities.
Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions
Authors: Li Helong , Li Zhi , Peng Pai , She Diao , Xu Qiang , Zhang Xueming 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTHemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42790.
The demise of a monopoly: Implications of geochemical characterisation of a stemmed obsidian tool from the Bishop Museum collections
Authors: MULROONEY MARA , TORRENCE ROBIN , McALISTER ANDREW 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGeochemical analysis using portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) shows that a large stemmed tool in the Bishop Museum, thought at one time to be a mata‘a from Rapa Nui, is composed of obsidian from the Mopir outcrops on New Britain, Papua New Guinea. As the first large, ceremonial stemmed tool from this quarry, it challenges the hypothesis that production was limited to one region, therefore suggesting that a more complex set of social networks operated in the period prior to 3000 BP in the Bismarck Archipelago.
The scale of seed grinding at Lake Mungo
Authors: Fullagar Richard , Hayes Elspeth , Stephenson Birgitta , Field Judith , Matheson Carney , Stern Nicola , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSmith's Comment on our functional analysis of grinding stone fragments from Pleistocene contexts at Lake Mungo (Fullagar et al. 2015) draws attention to the low frequency of implements, uncertainties about functional interpretations and archaeological implications. He argues that Pleistocene seed exploitation at Lake Mungo was limited and probably not indicative of a seed grinding economy. We suggest that it is premature to speculate about the scale of seed grinding at Lake Mungo. We also use new data to address concerns raised about our methodology.
What sort of seed grinding at Pleistocene Lake Mungo?
Authors: Smith M. A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFullagar et al. () use microwear and residues to argue for seed grinding in the late Pleistocene at Lake Mungo. The ten Zanci/Arumpo grindstone fragments in their study represent only three grindstones when conjoined. Grindstones appear to be rare in these assemblages and are small, hand‐sized implements. Traces of starch are low, of uncertain taphonomy and not from known economic taxa. The use‐polish may indicate grinding of seeds, but these grindstones were used differently to ethnohistorical seed‐grinders. Even if seeds were used, this was probably not a seed‐based economy.
Apply Novel Grey Model Integral Variable Structure Control to Air‐Ball‐Suspension System
Authors: Fan Shian‐Yi , Chuang Chin‐Wen , Feng Chieh‐Chuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe magnetic suspension ball system has been researched for many years. A new air‐ball‐suspension system different from the magnetic force is developed in this manuscript. The non‐symmetric and time delay phenomena will be shown in this system. For the modeling, the piece‐wised approximated grey model is used to establish the pseudo model. Based on the pseudo model, the integral variable structure control is used to guide the sliding motion. Finally, the experimental results show the proposed control scheme's practical performance.
Multi‐spectroscopic and molecular modeling investigation of the interactions between prantschimgin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)
Authors: Shokoohinia Yalda , Gheibi Shayesteh , Kiani Amir , Sadrjavadi Komail , Nowroozi Amin , Shahlaei Mohsen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe binding of prantschimgin (PRAN) to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was investigated using multiple techniques. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that PRAN could quench the MMP9 fluorescence spectra. Changes in the UV/vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were observed upon ligand binding, along with a significant degree of tryptophan fluorescence quenching on complex formation. The interaction of PRAN with MMP9 has also been studied using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The binding models demonstrated aspects of PRAN's conformation, active site interaction, important amino acids and hydrogen bonding. Computational mapping of the possible binding site of PRAN revealed that the ligand is bound in a large hydrophobic cavity of MMP9. The MD simulation results suggested that this ligand can interact with the protein, with little affecting the secondary structure. The results not only lead to a better understanding of interactions between PRAN and MMP9, but also provide useful data about the influence of PRAN on the structural conformation. The data provided in this study will be useful for designing a new agonist of MMP9 with the desired activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescence study of Eu3+doped Li6Y(BO3)3 phosphor for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Yawalkar Mrunal M. , Zade G. D. , Dabre K. V. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, Li6Y1–xEux(BO3)3 phosphor was successfully synthesized using a modified solid‐state diffusion method. The Eu3+ ion concentration was varied at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mol%. The phosphor was characterized for phase purity, morphology, luminescent properties and molecular transmission at room temperature. The XRD pattern suggests a result closely matching the standard JCPDS file (#80‐0843). The emission and excitation spectra were followed to discover the luminescence traits. The excitation spectra indicate that the current phosphor can be efficiently excited at 395 nm and at 466 nm (blue light) to give emission at 595 and 614 nm due to the 5D0 → 7Fj transition of Eu3+ ions. Concentration quenching was observed at 0.5 mol% Eu3+ in the Li6Y1–xEux(BO3)3 host lattice. Strong red emission with CIE chromaticity coordinates of phosphor is x = 0.63 and y = 0.36 achieved with dominant red emission at 614 nm the 5D0 → 7 F2 electric dipole transition of Eu3+ ions. The novel Li6Y1–xEux(BO3)3 phosphor may be a suitable red‐emitting component for solid‐state lighting using double‐excited wavelengths, i.e. near‐UV at 395 nm and blue light at 466 nm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients withBRCA1/2mutations and variants of uncertain significance
Authors: Manning A T , Wood C , Eaton A , Stempel M , Capko D , Pusic A , Morrow M , Sacchini V 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundNipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is associated with improved cosmesis and is being performed increasingly. Its role in BRCA mutation carriers has not been well described. This was a study of the indications for, and outcomes of, NSM in BRCA mutation carriers.MethodsBRCA mutation carriers who underwent NSM were identified. Details of patient demographics, surgical procedures, complications, and relevant disease stage and follow-up were recorded.ResultsA total of 177 NSMs were performed in 89 BRCA mutation carriers between September 2005 and December 2013. Twenty-six patients of median age 41 years had NSM for early-stage breast cancer and a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Mean tumour size was 1·4 (range 0·1–3·5) cm. Sixty-three patients of median age 39 years had prophylactic NSM, eight of whom had an incidental diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ. There were no local or regional recurrences in the 26 patients with breast cancer at a median follow-up of 28 (i.q.r. 15–43) months. There were no newly diagnosed breast cancers in the 63 patients undergoing prophylactic NSM at a median follow-up of 26 (11–42) months. All patients had immediate breast reconstruction. Five patients (6 per cent) required subsequent excision of the nipple–areola complex for oncological or other reasons. Skin desquamation occurred in 68 (38·4 per cent) of the 177 breasts, and most resolved without intervention. Debridement was required in 13 (7·3 per cent) of the 177 breasts, and tissue-expander or implant removal was necessary in six instances (3·4 per cent).ConclusionNSM is an acceptable choice for patients with BRCA mutations, with no evidence of compromise to oncological safety at short-term follow-up. Complication rates were acceptable, and subsequent excision of the nipple–areola complex was rarely required.