bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Technique for Retrofitting a Metal Ceramic Crown to an Attachment‐Retained Removable Partial Denture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Uludag Bulent , Gonuldas Fehmi , Tokar Emre , Sahin Volkan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn dental applications, precision attachments have been used to retain removable partial dentures (RPDs) for several decades. Various types of extracoronal attachments are commonly used in combination with fixed partial dentures and RPDs to achieve retention and stability. Fracture of the framework, fracture of the roots or teeth, and irretrievable decrease of retention are common reasons for a failed attachment‐retained RPD. Another complication of metal ceramic crowns with precision attachment is decementation of the crowns. When fixed components of the attachment‐retained RPD fail, the traditional treatment approach requires remaking both the fixed and removable components of the attachment‐retained RPD. This technique describes retrofitting of a metal ceramic crown to a resilient attachment‐retained RPD.
Exploratory Study of the Influence of the Sensory Channel in Perception of Environments
Authors: Alcántara‐Alcover Enrique , Artacho‐Ramírez Miguel Ángel , Zamora‐Álvarez Tomás , Martinez Natividad 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInterest in the multisensory perception of products is growing in different realms of science and industry. This paper applies differential semantics to investigate the influence of sensory channels on the semantic structure of perception. The study consists of four experiments in which volunteers report their perception of a sample of visual, acoustic, olfactory and tactile stimuli. The semantic space for each sense is obtained and differences in structure and meaning are analyzed.The results show that the concepts that people use to express perception depend on the sense used. Some concepts appear for one sense only, while other concepts are stimulated through more than one sense, although the meaning is not always the same. The semantic structure shows that the main source of variability in perception using the four senses studied is due to the emotional dimension followed by symbolic value for vision, hearing and smell – and by sensorial attributes for touch.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this work may be useful for researchers and practitioners in the realms of sensorial sciences, sensorial design and sensorial marketing. The multisensory perceptual map produced can help designers and marketers in the design of products and services. Designers could proceed by first selecting the concepts to transmit and then follow an iterative process with three steps:
Choose the order in which senses interact with products.
Stimulate the senses that dominate in the perception of the concepts chosen.
Assess the congruence of meanings.
Researchers can use the semantic for each sense as the basis for more complex studies. There are few independent concepts for assessing stimulus perception by each sense. This type of study enables experiments to be conducted in which people can evaluate a greater number of stimuli within the time period of a normal experimental session.
Effects of micro‐amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on rabbit inflammatory immune response and development of atherosclerosis
Authors: Lin G. , Shi X. , Chen S. , Lei L. , You X. , Huang M. , Luo L. , Li Y. , Zhao X. , Yan F. 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectivePorphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide is associated with the immune response and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of micro‐amounts of Pg‐lipopolysaccharide on rabbit inflammatory immune response and the development of atherosclerosis.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Group A was fed a regular diet and normal saline. Group B was supplied with a high‐fat diet and normal saline. Group C was treated with a normal diet and Pg‐lipopolysaccharide. Group D was given a high‐fat diet and Pg‐lipopolysaccharide. After 14 wk, the rabbits were killed to determine the changes in pathological indices.ResultsThe serum lipid levels of groups B and D were significantly higher than that of group A (p < 0.01), and that of group C was higher (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels were significantly elevated by individual high‐fat diets or Pg‐lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.05). Groups A and C did not undergo evident aortic pathological damages, while foam cells appeared in the other two groups. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction detection showed that toll‐like receptor‐2, interleukin‐6, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 were highly expressed in groups B and D (p < 0.05), and toll‐like receptor‐4, C‐reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels were higher than those of group A (p < 0.05). Western blotting showed that transcription factor NF‐κB p65 was expressed more highly in the three experimental groups than in group A (t = 9.26, p < 0.01).ConclusionMicro‐amounts of Pg‐lipopolysaccharide induced the high expressions of inflammatory factors and mediated the inflammatory response. Pg‐lipopolysaccharide elevated the blood lipid level less significantly than the high‐fat diet did, but it may promote atherosclerosis.
Region of Birth, Sex, and Reproductive Health in Rural Immigrant Latino Farmworkers: The MICASA Study
Authors: McCurdy Stephen A. , Stoecklin‐Marois Maria T. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Hennessy‐Burt Tamara E. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeCharacterize sexual and reproductive health among immigrant Latino farmworkers.MethodsWe surveyed 806 immigrant Latino farmworkers from Mexico and Central America in a rural agricultural community in California's Central Valley.FindingsA total of 556 respondents were born in Mexico (272 men, 284 women) and 250 in Central America (135 men, 115 women). The majority entered the United States as young adults, with median age at immigration ranging from 20 (Mexican‐born men) to 24 (Central American‐born women). Nearly 95% of respondents were married or cohabiting. Median age for sexual debut was 18 for women and was younger for men (adjusted mean difference: –2.1 years, 95% CI: –2.6 to –1.7). Median number of lifetime sexual partners was 1 for women and greater for men (adjusted mean difference: 2.0 partners, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.7). Contraception use was less likely among men and among Central American women compared to Mexico‐born women. Among sexually active persons not using contraception, the most common reasons for nonuse were “Don't want to”/”Don't like any” followed by desire to become or being pregnant. Women reported a median of 3 pregnancies; there were no significant differences based on respondents’ region of birth.ConclusionsThis group of Latino immigrants demonstrated behaviors conducive to reproductive health: late sexual debut, few lifetime sexual partners, and high prevalence of marriage. Preventive education campaigns should focus on maintaining healthy behaviors, especially in men. Identifying groups with common provenance and cultural heritage may aid in maximizing acceptability and effectiveness of prevention programs.
Sociodemographic and Environmental Correlates of Active Commuting in Rural America
Authors: Fan Jessie X. , Wen Ming , Kowaleski‐Jones Lori 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeThis research investigated participation rates in 3 modes of active commuting (AC) and their sociodemographic and physical environmental correlates in rural America.MethodsThe 2000 Census supplemented with other data sets were used to analyze AC rates in percentage of workers walking, biking, and taking public transportation to work in 14,209 nonmetropolitan rural tracts identified by RUCA codes, including 4,067 small rural and 10,142 town‐micropolitan rural tracts. Sociodemographic and physical environmental variables were correlated with 3 AC modes simultaneously using Seemingly Unrelated Regression for nonmetro rural, and for small rural and town‐micropolitan rural separately.FindingsThe average AC rates in rural tracts were 3.63%, 0.26%, and 0.56% for walking, biking, and public transportation to work, respectively, with small rural tracts having a higher rate of walking but lower rates of biking and public transportation to work than town‐micropolitan tracts. In general, better economic well‐being was negatively associated with AC but percentage of college‐educated was a positive correlate. Population density was positively associated with AC but greenness and proximity to parks were negative correlates. However, significant differences existed for different AC modes, and between small rural and town‐micropolitan rural tracts.ConclusionsSociodemographic factors explained more variance in AC than physical environmental factors but the detailed relationships were complex, varying by AC mode and by degree of rurality. Any strategy to promote AC in rural America needs to be sensitive to the population size of the area and assessed in a comprehensive manner to avoid a “one size fits all” approach.
Phylogenetic analyses and chromosome counts reveal multiple cryptic species in Bupleurum commelynoideum (Apiaceae)
Authors: MA Xiang‐Guang , ZHAO Cai , WANG Chang‐Bao , LIANG Qian‐Long , HE Xing‐Jin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBupleurum commelynoideum H. Boissieu is a perennial herb occurring throughout the Hengduan Mountains region. This species was found to have more than one chromosome number in our previous chromosomal study. For a better understanding of its intraspecific genetic differentiation and interspecific relationships with other Bupleurum members, phylogenetic relationships among 15 populations of B. commelynoideum and 22 other Bupleurum members were investigated using the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments (trnL‐F, rps16, and rpl32‐trnL). Both phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region and combined cpDNA data indicated that B. commelynoideum has more than one geographically delimited lineage. Among them, accessions from Shangri‐La and other regions were considered as different cryptic species according to the unified species concept. Our analyses also revealed that a complex pattern of reticulate relationship exists in B. commelynoideum and its allied species. The chromosome numbers of four populations of B. commelynoideum and a closely related species B. rockii H. Wolff are reported. The results showed that the chromosome number of B. commelynoideum has abundant variations in both chromosome ploidy (2x; 4x; 6x) and basic chromosome number (x = 5; x = 6). Population DXS (x = 6), which has the different basic chromosome number, should represent a different kind of cryptic speciation in B. commelynoideum. The karyological evidence, together with the molecular data, indicated that the existence of at least three cryptic species in B. commelynoideum. This kind of genetic differentiation without morphological divergence might be caused by stabilizing selection imposed by the extreme environmental conditions of the alpine area.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of xylazine administered by the intravenous or intra‐osseous route in adult horses
Authors: Santonastaso A. , Hardy J. , Cohen N. , Fajt V. 
Published: July 2014

In certain situations, an alternate route for parenteral drug administration in horses may be useful. The intra‐osseous (IO) route may provide a safe alternative to the intravenous (i.v.) route for administration of sedatives to horses when the i.v. route is inaccessible or undesirable. Six adult horses were administered xylazine i.v. or IO in a block‐randomized crossover design. For the i.v. trial, both jugular veins were catheterized, and one was used for xylazine administration, while the other was used for blood collection. For the IO trial, one jugular vein was catheterized for blood collection and an intra‐osseous device was placed in the tuber coxae using a powered driver for xylazine administration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and head position were measured, and concentration of sedation was assessed at various times up to 90 min. Xylazine concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography and noncompartmental analysis was performed. General linear mixed modeling and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used for statistical analysis, with P ≤ 0.05. There were no significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, head position, concentration of sedation, Cmax, Tmax, half‐life, or AUC between the i.v. and the IO routes of drug administration. No complications were observed following placement of the intra‐osseous device. Intra‐osseous xylazine administration provides a useful option in emergent and other settings in which i.v. access is difficult or contraindicated.
Toxicokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of melamine in broiler chickens
Authors: Poapolathep S. , Klangkaew N. , Arreesrisom P. , Isariyodom S. , Sugita‐Konishi Y. , Kumagai S. , Poapolathep A. 
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetic characteristics of melamine in broilers due to the limited information available for livestock. Melamine was then administered to broiler chickens at an intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dosage of 5.5 mg/kg of body weight, and plasma samples were collected up to 48 h. The concentration of melamine in each plasma sample was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Melamine was measurable up to 24 h after i.v. and p.o. administration. A one‐compartment model was developed to describe the toxicokinetics of melamine in broilers. Following i.v. administration, the values for the elimination half‐life (t1/2β), the volume of distribution (Vd), and the clearance (CL) were 4.42 ± 1.02 h, 00.52 ± 0.18 L/kg, and 0.08 ± 0.01 L/h/kg, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability (F) was 95.63 ± 3.54%. The results suggest that most of the administered melamine is favorably absorbed from the alimentary tract and rapidly cleared by the kidneys in broiler chickens.
Blockade of interleukin 6 signalling ameliorates systemic insulin resistance through upregulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improves hepatic steatosis in high‐fat diet fed mice
Authors: Yamaguchi Kanji , Nishimura Takeshi , Ishiba Hiroshi , Seko Yuya , Okajima Akira , Fujii Hideki , Tochiki Nozomi , Umemura Atsushi , Moriguchi Michihisa , Sumida Yoshio , Mitsuyoshi Hironori , Yasui Kohichiroh , Minami Masahito , Okanoue Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsMice fed high‐fat diet (HFD) demonstrate obesity‐related systemic insulin resistance (IR). Aim of this study is to clarify the role of interleukin (IL)‐6 in IR in vivo focusing on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver.MethodsPlasma markers of IR and hepatic IL‐6 signalling were examined in eight‐week HFD feeding C57/BL6 mice. Furthermore, IR‐related molecules in skeletal muscles, adipose tissues and livers were investigated following a single injection of anti‐ IL‐6 receptor neutralizing antibody (MR16‐1) in two‐week HFD feeding mice. To investigate the role of IL‐6 in hepatic steatosis by prolonged HFD, hepatic triglyceride accumulation was assessed in eight‐week HFD feeding mice with continuous MR16‐1 treatment.ResultsHigh‐fat diet for both 2 and 8 weeks elevated plasma IL‐6, insulin and leptin, which were decreased by MR16‐1 treatment. A single injection of MR16‐1 ameliorated IR as assessed by glucose and insulin tolerance test, which may be attributable to upregulation of glucose transporter type 4 via phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase as well as upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha in livers and, particularly, in skeletal muscles. MR16‐1 also decreased mRNA expression of leptin and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and increased that of adiponectin in adipose tissue. High‐fat diet for 8 weeks, not 2 weeks, induced hepatic steatosis and increased hepatic triglyceride content, all of which were ameliorated by MR16‐1 treatment.ConclusionsBlockade of excessive IL‐6 stimulus ameliorated HFD‐induced IR in a skeletal muscle and modulated the production of adipokines from an early stage of NAFLD, leading to prevention of liver steatosis for a long term.
Direct/Inverse Systems
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , Antonov Anton 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article proposes an idealized model of direct‐inverse systems inspired by canonical morphology, against which attested systems are then evaluated in terms of their deviation from it. A language‐independent definition of obviation is provided, and then applied to language families other than Algonquian. Referential hierarchies are shown not to be the only way of accounting for direct‐inverse systems. Finally, the article surveys the attested origins of inverse systems and the ways in which they can be further reanalyzed, ultimately leading to their decay.
Language, Discourse, and New Media: A Linguistic Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Akkaya Aslihan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOver the last few decades, an increasing number of scholarly articles and books have been published on language and new media. This article provides a brief overview of socioculturally informed studies on language and new media in addition to providing further directions for future scholarship. In this article, I show that it is promising to take an ethnographic and discourse‐centered approach to new media to demonstrate actual discursive practices and performances that are taking place in new media environments. Furthermore, I demonstrate that it is social actors/performers who mediate and negotiate (deploy and play with) various ideologies and semiotic resources in a given discursive encounter to accomplish artful performances. Thus, instead of primarily focusing on the already designed and constructed (a medium and its boundedness), we should focus on social actors and their playful performances. By employing an ethnographic/discourse analytic approach to language and new media, we can look at the circulation of discourses to better understand what new media mean for those who use them and how new media are localized into everyday practices and performances of social actors in their diverse geographical localities.
Patterns and drivers of asteroid abundances and assemblages on the continental margin of Atlantic Canada
Authors: Gale Katie S. P. , Gilkinson Kent , Hamel Jean‐François , Mercier Annie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough continental shelf and slope environments typically exhibit high epifaunal biomass and have been subjected to increasing fishing pressure, ecological information on assemblages of non‐commercial invertebrate species from subtidal and bathyal areas remains limited. Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), which are known to influence communities through their feeding habits, have received less attention than structural taxa such as corals and sponges. To better understand the ecological roles of asteroids on continental shelves, we investigated ~30 species and assessed their distributions and co‐occurrence with other benthic invertebrates on the shelf and slope of Eastern Canada. Using fisheries data and in situ video footage, we compiled a large dataset covering ~600,000 km2 that included over 350,000 individual asteroid records (37–2243 m depth). Multivariate analyses revealed geographically distinct asteroid assemblages, with a maximal overall density at 400–500 m and the highest diversity at 500–700 m. The most abundant and densely occurring species was Ctenodiscus crispatus. We found that asteroids associate with corals, sponges, bivalves, and other echinoderms, and that depth and substrate influence these assemblages. We identified species likely to affect coexisting organisms by their burrowing behavior that can disrupt epi‐ and infauna (C. crispatus) and through predation on ecologically important corals (Hippasteria phrygiana). In addition to providing baseline distribution and ecological information for many bathyal asteroid species in the Northwest Atlantic, this work highlights the abundance and diversified roles of asteroids within continental shelf and slope ecosystems.
Microbial biomass response to different quantities and sources of organic matter in Brazilian coastal sediments
Authors: Quintana Cintia O. , de Moraes Paula C. , Yoshinaga Marcos Y. , Wakeham Stuart G. , Sumida Paulo Y. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the benthic microbial responses to organic matter (OM) variations in quantity and sources in two shallow water bays (Fortaleza and Ubatuba Bays) on the SE coast of Brazil on six occasions during the year. The pelagic and benthic compartments of the bays were evaluated by: (i) nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the water column; (ii) quantity and sources of OM in the sediment (Chl a, total organic carbon and total nitrogen and lipid biomarker composition); and (iii) microbial biomass in sediments as an indicator of active benthic response. Although there were changes in water‐column nutrients during the year, Chl a was fairly constant, suggesting a regular supply of microalgae‐derived OM to the sea bottom. Based on the composition of lipid biomarkers in sediments, OM sources were classified as mostly marine and with high contributions of labile (microalgae‐derived) OM. Labile OM composition varied from diatoms in the summer to phytoflagellates in the winter and tended to accumulate in areas protected by physical disturbances in one of the bays. Microbial biomass followed this trend and was 160% higher in protected than in exposed areas. This study suggests that the coupling between labile OM and benthic microbial biomass occurs primarily in protected areas, irrespective of the time of the year. Since meio‐ and macrofaunal assemblages depend upon secondary microbial production within the sediments, this coupling may have an important role for the benthic food‐web.