bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for improving the reliability of sound broadcast systems used in ecological research and management
Authors: Valente Jonathon J. , Legrande Christa L. , Johnson Vincent M. , Fischer Richard A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAutomated sound broadcast systems have been used to address a variety of ecological questions, and show great potential as a management tool. Such systems need to be reliable because treatments are often applied in the absence of a human observer and system failure can cause methodological ambiguity. During the breeding seasons of 2012 and 2013, we used a sound broadcast system previously described by Farrell and Campomizzi (2011) in an experiment evaluating the use of post‐breeding song in forest‐bird habitat selection in southern Indiana, USA. This system incorporates a portable compact disc (CD) player where the play button is permanently depressed using manual compression so that when a timer connects an electrical current to the unit, the CD player automatically starts. Despite exhaustive efforts to find a reliable way to manually compress the play button on numerous CD player models, play button failure was the most significant source of broadcast system failure (88%) in 2012. We attempted to resolve this problem in 2013 by removing the need for manual compression and soldering the play button contact poles on each CD players' integrated circuit boards. Though we did experience broadcast system failures during <5% of treatment periods in 2013, none of those were attributable to play button failure. By removing all possibility of failure from manual play button compression we improved our system reliability. Thus, soldering the CD player play button on such broadcast systems represents a methodological improvement that can be used by researchers and managers interested in sound broadcast. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
What is the Better Choice for T1b Gallbladder Cancer: Simple Versus Extended Cholecystectomy
Authors: Yoon Jong Hee , Lee Young Joo , Kim Song Cheol , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Ji Woong , Lee Jeong Woo , Lee Dong Joo , Park Kwang Min 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
There is debate over whether T1b gallbladder cancer (GBC) should be treated by simple cholecystectomy (SC) or by extended cholecystectomy (EC). The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the results of these two procedures.Patients and methods
The archived medical records of 805 patients with GBC who had undergone surgical resection in Asan Medical Center, or were referred from other hospitals after undergoing surgery, between 1997 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 85 patients were diagnosed with pathologic stage T1b (muscular layer) GBC. By using propensity scoring, the EC group and the SC group were matched in the proportion of 1:2; so, 54 patients were enrolled in this study.Results
Among the 54 pathologic stage T1b cancer patients, SC was performed in 36 (66.7 %) and EC in 18 (33.4 %). The mean operation time and hospital stay after surgery of the SC group was significantly shorter than in the EC group (83.2 vs. 356.4 min, 7.8 vs. 15.2 days; both p = 0.000). Disease recurrence was noted in four cases (11.1 %), all in the SC group; 50 % of recurred patients experienced recurrence at the lymph node. There was no significant intergroup difference in the 5‐year survival rate (5‐YSR) (88.8 % for SC vs. 93.3 % for EC, p = 0.521).ConclusionsIn this study, for stage T1b GBC, both EC and SC offered similar cure rates. However, recurrence is associated with SC and inadequate lymph node dissection (LND). Therefore, EC including regional LND may be justified and preferred because of the possibility of lymph node metastasis and the accurate assessment of stage (LN status), except that the patients have a high risk of operation.
Liver‐to‐Spleen Ratio as an Index of Chronic Liver Diseases and Safety of Hepatectomy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Huang Yangqing , Huang Bin , Kan Tong , Yang Boshuai , Yuan Min , Wang Jiefei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatic failure is a main cause of death after hepatectomy. Accurate preoperative evaluation of functional liver reserve is the key to ensure safe resection. Studies have found that the spleen would gradually enlarge as chronic liver disease worsened. This study was designed to determine whether preoperative liver‐to‐spleen ratio (LSR) would be an indicator to evaluate severity of liver disease and predict safety of hepatectomy.MethodsThe volumes of liver and spleen were evaluated on computed tomography scan in 67 patients who received partial hepatectomy. Preoperative LSR was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between LSR and the degree of chronic liver disease. Ability of LSR to predict the safety of hepatectomy also was evaluated.ResultsLSR had a negative correlation with the degree of chronic liver diseases (r = −0.606, P < 0.0001). LSR = 3.22 was the cutoff point for predicting posthepatectomy complications and inadequacy. AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting posthepatectomy complications and inadequacy respectively were 0.830 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.715–0.950, P < 0.0001), 69.6, 93.2 %, and 0.863 (95 % CI 0.777–0.949, P < 0.0001), 68.8, 84.3 %. Multivariate analysis showed that LSR = 3.22 was the factor that affected both posthepatectomy complications and liver inadequacy.ConclusionsPreoperative LSR score correlated well with the degree of chronic liver diseases, and it probably help us to improve the safety of hepatectomy.
Oil Content and Composition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes as Affected by Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Kadkhodaie Azam , Razmjoo Jamshid , Zahedi Morteza , Pessarakli Mohammad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of sesame seed oil determines its commercial value, and drought stress and genotype may affect both the quality and quantity of oil that is extractable by sesame seed processors. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in a field located in Isfahan, Iran, to determine the effect of three irrigation regimes [55 % (I1, as control), 75 % (I2) and 85 % (I3) of depletion of soil available water] on the oil content and composition of ten sesame genotypes (Isfahan4, Shahreza, Borazjan, Ahvaz, Kal, Shiraz, Markazi, Ardestan, Ultan and Isfahan1). Seed oil content and palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic and oleic acid contents were determined during 2010–2012. Shahreza under I1, Shahreza and Ardestan under I2 and Isfanahan4 under I3 irrigation regimes produced the highest oil content, while Kal under I1 and I2 and Isfahan4 under I3 irrigation regimes produced the highest oil yield. Ultan had the lowest palmitic acid content under all three irrigation regimes, while Isfahan4 had the highest reduction in palmitic acid content under I2 and I3. Borazjan produced the lowest stearic and highest linoleic acid contents under the I1, I2 and I3 irrigation regimes. Kal, Kal and Ardestan, and Ardestan and Isfahan1 produced the highest oleic acid under I1, I2 and I3, respectively. Shahreza under I1 and I2 and Isfahan4 under I3 had the highest linolenic acid content. The results showed that the sesame oil content and composition were genotype‐drought level specific, and based on oil yield production and percent reduction in saturated and increase in unsaturated fatty acid contents, Isfahan4 was the most drought‐tolerant genotype.
Current status and technical challenges of CO2 storage in coal seams and enhanced coalbed methane recovery: an overview
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Fang Zhi-ming 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the past two decades, research on CO2 storage in coal seams and simultaneously enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) has attracted a lot of attention due to its win–win effect between greenhouse gas (CO2) emission reduction and coalbed methane recovery enhancement. This paper presents an overview on the current status of research on CO2-ECBM in the past two decades, which involves CO2 storage capacity evaluations, laboratory investigations, modelings and pilot tests. The current status shows that we have made great progress in the ECBM technology study, especially in the understanding of the ECBM mechanisms. However, there still have many technical challenges, such as the definition of unmineable coal seams for CO2 storage capacity evaluation and storage site characterization, methods for CO2 injectivity enhancement, etc. The low injectivity of coal seams and injectivity loss with CO2 injection are the major technique challenges of ECBM. We also search several ways to promote the advancement of ECBM technology in the present stage, such as integrating ECBM with hydraulic fracturing, using a gas mixture instead of pure CO2 for injection into coal seams and the application of ECBM to underground coal mines.
Being-in-the-World in the Global Age: Marginal Spaces as Alternative Places in the Belgian–Moroccan Transnational Cityscape of Les Barons
Authors: Orlando Valérie K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Europe’s immigrant populations are often represented on screen by both European and immigrant filmmakers as marginalized in the violent neighborhoods of peripheral urban areas in Paris, Lyon, London, and elsewhere. The film Les Barons (Nabil Ben Yadir, 2009) seeks to counter such stereotypes. The protagonists of Les Barons are multilingual, multicultural young men with proud ties to their families and the ability, at the same time, to straddle cultural registers and global perspectives as they live their cosmopolitan Dasein, or “Being-in-the-world.”
Spectral eddy viscosity of stratified turbulence
Authors: Remmler Sebastian , Hickel Stefan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe spectral eddy viscosity (SEV) concept is a handy tool for the derivation of large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models and for the evaluation of their performance in predicting the spectral energy transfer. We compute this quantity by filtering and truncating fully resolved turbulence data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of neutrally and stably stratified homogeneous turbulence. The results qualitatively confirm the plateau–cusp shape, which is often assumed to be universal, but show a strong dependence on the test filter size. Increasing stable stratification not only breaks the isotropy of the SEV but also modifies its basic shape, which poses a great challenge for implicit and explicit LES methods. We find indications that for stably stratified turbulence it is necessary to use different subgrid-scale (SGS) models for the horizontal and vertical velocity components. Our data disprove models that assume a constant positive effective turbulent Prandtl number.
Smoking Cessation after Myocardial Revascularization Procedures
Authors: Schroder e Souza Thiago Gonçalves , Souza Jonathan Batista , Nunes Evandro Bertanha , Arruda Verzola Roberto Mário , Barrionuevo Cláudia Vanessa , Alves da Costa Leandro Menezes , de Sousa Márcio Gonçalves 
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Smoking is associated with the development of coronary artery disease and influences negatively the prognosis of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization procedures. However, the rate of smoking cessation after these procedures is not well established in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the rate of smoking cessation in patients undergoing revascularization procedures, immediately and after 12 months of follow-up.Methods: We examined smoking patients from a unique cardiology center who underwent myocardial revascularization procedures between January 2010 and December 2011. These patients were allocated to two groups according to the revascularization procedure performed: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). Data related to cessation or maintenance of smoking were obtained at subsequent clinical appointments or telephone calls.Results: Among 173 patients selected, 118 (68.2%) underwent PCI and 55 (31.8%) underwent CABG. After revascularization procedures, the total rate of smoking cessation was 79.3%. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups (83.6% – CI 95%: 71.2–92.2% for CABG, and 79.3% – CI 95%: 70.8–86.3% for PCI). The maintenance of smoking cessation after one year was 53.2%, similar between groups (52.7% for CABG and 53.4% for PCI). Nevertheless, the average time of smoking cessation was significantly higher in the CABG group (6.9 months versus 4.5 months for PCI).Conclusions: Coronary interventions add important value to smoking cessation, and the smoking cessation rates were similar, independent of the procedure executed.
‘Aid for gays’: the moral and the material in ‘African homophobia’ in post-2009 Malawi
Authors: Biruk Crystal 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, ‘African homophobia’ has become a spectacle on the global stage, making Africa into a pre-modern site of anti-gay sentiment in need of Western intervention. This article suggests that ‘homophobia’ in post-2009 Malawi is an idiom through which multiple actors negotiate anxieties around governance and moral and economic dependency. I illustrate the material conditions that brought about social imaginaries of inclusion and exclusion – partially expressed through homophobic discourse – in Malawi. The article analyses the cascade of events that led to a moment of political and economic crisis in mid-2011, with special focus on how a 2009 sodomy case made homophobia available as a new genre of social commentary. Employing discourse analysis of newspaper articles, political speeches, the proceedings of a sodomy case, and discussions about men who have sex with men (MSM) as an HIV risk group, I show how African homophobia takes form via interested deployments of ‘cultural’ rhetoric toward competing ends. This article lends a comparative case study to a growing literature on the political and social functions of homophobia in sub-Saharan Africa.
How is the jaguar Panthera onca perceived by local communities along the Paraguai River in the Brazilian Pantanal?
Authors: Porfirio Grasiela , Sarmento Pedro , Leal Stephanie , Fonseca Carlos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRapid habitat conversion, hunting as a retaliatory response to livestock depredation and, potentially, lack of knowledge regarding the species’ ecological role are the main factors influencing conservation of the Near Threatened jaguar Panthera onca in the Pantanal wetland of Brazil. Investigation of people's perceptions and attitudes towards a species is an important element of conservation initiatives but most information concerning human perceptions of jaguars in the Pantanal comes from conflict with ranchers, who typically perceive this species negatively as a result of economic losses. No information is available concerning perceptions of the jaguar by other inhabitants, particularly along riversides where the main activity is professional and recreational fishing. We used semi-structured questionnaires to interview 50 riverside inhabitants on how they perceive the jaguar and to investigate the influence of education and age on such perceptions compared to local people from rural properties in the Pantanal and other Brazilian biomes. ‘Dangerous’ was the predominant perception. We found that the negative perceptions of jaguars related to people's safety and not to economic losses from livestock depredation. We highlight environmental education programmes, ecotourism and better strategies to reduce livestock losses as useful tools for minimizing the perception that jaguars are dangerous in all situations.
Sampled data output regulation of n-link robotic manipulator using a realizable reconstruction filter
Authors: Liaquat Muwahida , Malik Mohammad Bilal 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a solution to the sampled-data regulation problem for feedback linearizable n-link robotic manipulators. The prime focus is on the development and stability analysis of the proposed control scheme in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. A major constraint is the availability of sampled measurements of output signal. This leads to designing an impulsive observer for feedback linearization. The discrete-time control input is mapped into its continuous-time counterpart using a realizable reconstruction filter (RRF). The underlying control scheme relies on the sampled-data regulator theory based on the discrete-time equivalence of the plant and RRF modeled as impulsive system. This method leads to controller/observer design in discrete time. The working of the entire scheme is dependent on the stability of impulsive observer; hence a Lyapunov-based stability analysis is also included to ensure the stability of a closed-loop system. The working of the proposed scheme along with a comparison with conventional solution is presented, when applied to the control of a 3-degree-of-freedom PUMA 560 robot.
Crystal structure of dutasteride (Avodart), C27H20F6N2O2
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Crowder Cyrus E. , Zhong Kai , Fawcett Timothy G. , Suchomel Matthew R. 
Published: August 2014

Commercial dutasteride crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (#19), with a = 7.587 44(3), b = 9.960 80(5), c = 33.500 42(12) Å, V = 2531.862(17) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure was solved and refined using synchrotron powder diffraction data, Rietveld, and density functional techniques. The most prominent feature of the structure is a zigzag chain of strong N–H···O = C hydrogen bonds along the a-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in future releases of the Powder Diffraction File™.
The net clinical benefit of personalized antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Siller-Matula Jolanta M. , Gruber Carina , Francesconi Marcel , Dechant Cornelia , Jilma Bernd , Delle-Karth Georg , Grohs Katharina , Podczeck-Schweighofer Andrea , Christ Günter 
Published: August 2014

This was a prospective study comparing two groups: personalized and non-personalized treatment with P2Y12 receptor blockers during a 12-month follow-up. We aimed to investigate whether personalized antiplatelet treatment in patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) improves clinical outcome. Platelet reactivity was assessed by adenosine diphosphate induced aggregation using a multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) in 798 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with HTPR received up to four repeated loading doses of clopidogrel or prasugrel in the personalized treatment group (n=403), whereas no change in the treatment strategy was undertaken in patients with HTPR in the non-personalized treatment group (n=395). There were fewer major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the personalized treatment group than in the non-personalized treatment group (7.4% compared with 15.3% respectively; P&lt;0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the relative risk to develop MACE was 51% lower in the personalized treatment group as compared with the non-personalized treatment group [hazard ratio (HR)=0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31–0.77; P&lt;0.001]. Similarly, there was a clear net benefit of the personalized antiplatelet treatment over the non-personalized treatment (ischemic and bleedings events: 8.2% versus 18.7% respectively; HR=0.46; 95%CI: 0.29–0.70; P&lt;0.001). Further analysis indicated that patients with aggregation values within the therapeutic window (21–49 units) experienced the lowest event rates (stent thrombosis and major bleeding: 2.5%) as compared with poor responders (≥50 units: 5.4%) or ultra-responders (0–20 units: 5.2%). In conclusion, personalized antiplatelet treatment might improve patients’ outcome without increasing bleeding complications compared with the non-personalized treatment during a 12-month follow-up.
Compact ACS‐fed UWB monopole antenna with extra Bluetooth band
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Fu , Wang Peng , Qin Hao 
Published: August 2014

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)‐fed ultra‐wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with extra Bluetooth band for various wireless applications is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of a modified ACS‐fed structure and a staircase‐shaped patch for covering the UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz), which occupies a very compact size of 32.5 × 10 mm2. By etching a snake‐shaped slot in the staircase‐shaped patch, an additional band can be realised covering the Bluetooth band (2.4–2.484 GHz). Furthermore, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured, and good results obtained. The proposed antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, relatively consistent group delays and stable gains in the operating bands. The simple feeding structure, compact size and uniplanar design make it easy to be integrated within portable devices for wireless communication.
Growing enough food without enough water.
Authors: Molden D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Water scarcity is already a reality. More food will be required for a growing and wealthier and urbanized population that will put more pressure on water resources. With several water-related limits reached or breached - groundwater decline, shrinking rivers and threatened fisheries - we must ask, Will there be enough water to grow enough food? It is possible to produce the food needed, but if present practices continue it is not probable that we will solve the many poverty and environmental challenges confronting us. To share a scarce resource and to limit environmental damage in the face of climate change, it is imperative to limit future water use. Important pathways to growing enough food with limited water are to increase productivity of water in irrigated and rainfed areas, improve water management in low-yielding rainfed areas, and to consider our own food consumption patterns. In pockets of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, expanding access to water through a range of water management solutions holds the key to food security and poverty reduction. For sustainable water use, water managers must consider agriculture as an ecosystem and how other ecosystem services are impacted through water. These actions will require serious changes in how we think about water and food, and how we govern water and land resources.
Masitinib - a targeted therapy with applications in veterinary oncology and inflammatory diseases.
Authors: Ogilvie G. K. , Hensel P. , Kitchell B. E. , Dubreuil P. , Ahn A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are an innovative class of drug, which have recently become available to veterinary medicine. This targeted therapy inhibits enzymes involved in cellular signalling pathways that regulate key cell functions and cell survival. Over the last decade, TKIs have revolutionised the management of certain human cancers and are now making inroads into veterinary medicine, with canine mast cell tumour (MCT) being their first major success story. TKIs used in the veterinary setting, either having been borrowed from human medicine or developed especially to address unmet veterinary needs, include imatinib, masitinib and toceranib. Masitinib and toceranib have been approved for use in many parts of the world for the treatment of canine MCT. In many ways, masitinib may be considered the forerunner in this field, with respect to history of regulatory authorisation and commercialisation, developmental progress of phase III clinical studies, and also in the depth and breadth of clinical knowledge acquired in both dogs and cats. It will be masitinib therefore, with its completed phase III studies in canine oncology and immune-mediate indications, its long-term follow-up of MCT treatment (approximately 6 years), and development programme for numerous other canine and feline diseases that will serve as an example of what this remarkably versatile class of therapeutic drug promises to accomplish in veterinary medicine. We review the clinical development of masitinib in veterinary medicine to date, discuss safety-related issues and emerging new therapeutic directions.