bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Liver Volume, Portal Vascular Anatomy, and Hepatic Perfusion in Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunt Before and After Placement of Ameroid Constrictors
Authors: Zwingenberger Allison L. , Daniel Leticia , Steffey Michele A. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Mayhew Kelli N. , Culp William T. N. , Hunt Geraldine B. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo correlate changes in hepatic volume, hepatic perfusion, and vascular anatomy of dogs with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts, before and after attenuation with an ameroid constrictor.Study DesignProspective study.AnimalsDogs (n = 22) with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.MethodsCT angiography and perfusion scans were performed before and after attenuation of a portosystemic shunt with an ameroid constrictor. Changes in hepatic volume, hepatic perfusion, and vascular anatomy were measured. Portal scintigraphy was performed in 8 dogs preoperatively and 22 dogs postoperatively.ResultsDogs with smaller preoperative liver volumes had greater increases in liver volume postoperatively compared with those with larger preoperative liver volumes. Hepatic arterial fraction was increased in dogs preoperatively and returned to normal range after shunt attenuation, and was correlated with increase in liver size and decreased shunt fraction. Three dogs with no visible portal vasculature preoperatively developed portal branches postoperatively.ConclusionsDogs with smaller preoperative liver volumes had the largest postoperative increase in liver volume. Hepatic arterial perfusion and portal scintigraphy correlate with liver volume and are indicators of successful shunt attenuation. Dogs without visible vasculature on CT angiography had visible portal vasculature postoperatively.
Cytosolic chloride ion is a key factor in lysosomal acidification and function of autophagy in human gastric cancer cell
Authors: Hosogi Shigekuni , Kusuzaki Katsuyuki , Inui Toshio , Wang Xiangdong , Marunaka Yoshinori 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to clarify roles of cytosolic chloride ion (Cl−) in regulation of lysosomal acidification [intra‐lysosomal pH (pHlys)] and autophagy function in human gastric cancer cell line (MKN28). The MKN28 cells cultured under a low Cl− condition elevated pHlys and reduced the intra‐lysosomal Cl− concentration ([Cl−]lys) via reduction of cytosolic Cl− concentration ([Cl−]c), showing abnormal accumulation of LC3II and p62 participating in autophagy function (dysfunction of autophagy) accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation via G0/G1 arrest without induction of apoptosis. We also studied effects of direct modification of H+ transport on lysosomal acidification and autophagy. Application of bafilomycin A1 (an inhibitor of V‐type H+‐ATPase) or ethyl isopropyl amiloride [EIPA; an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)] elevated pHlys and decreased [Cl−]lys associated with inhibition of cell proliferation via induction of G0/G1 arrest similar to the culture under a low Cl− condition. However, unlike low Cl− condition, application of the compound, bafilomycin A1 or EIPA, induced apoptosis associated with increases in caspase 3 and 9 without large reduction in [Cl−]c compared with low Cl− condition. These observations suggest that the lowered [Cl−]c primarily causes dysfunction of autophagy without apoptosis via dysfunction of lysosome induced by disturbance of intra‐lysosomal acidification. This is the first study showing that cytosolic Cl− is a key factor of lysosome acidification and autophagy.
What Does the 1930s' Experience Tell Us about the Future of the Eurozone?
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIf the eurozone follows the precedent of the 1930s, it will not survive. The attractions of escaping from the gold standard then were massive and they point to a strategy of devalue and default for today's crisis countries. A fully federal Europe with a banking union and a fiscal union is the best solution, but it may be politically infeasible. However, it may be possible to underpin the euro with a ‘Bretton Woods Compromise’ that accepts some retreat from deep economic integration and provides greater policy space since exit entails risks of financial crisis that were not present 80 years ago.
Rethinking the ‘Erasmus Effect’ on European Identity
Authors: Mitchell Kristine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Erasmus programme for university student exchange was developed, in part, to foster European identity among its participants, who complete a short‐term sojourn studying in another European country. However, two previous panel studies of the impact of Erasmus participation on European identity find no significant ‘Erasmus effect’. This article analyzes new survey data – a novel panel study of 1,729 students from 28 universities in six countries – and finds the opposite: participation in an Erasmus exchange is significantly and positively related to changes in both identification as European and identification with Europe. Furthermore, the data underscore the significance of cross‐border interaction and cognitive mobilization for explaining identity change: transnational contact during the exchange is positively related to change in both dimensions of European identity, and increased knowledge of Europe and attention to European news over the course of the exchange is associated with enhanced identification with Europe.
The evolution of selfing from outcrossing ancestors in Brassicaceae: what have we learned from variation at the S‐locus?
Authors: Vekemans X. , Poux C. , Goubet P. M. , Castric V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEvolutionary transitions between mating systems have occurred repetitively and independently in flowering plants. One of the most spectacular advances of the recent empirical literature in the field was the discovery of the underlying genetic machinery, which provides the opportunity to retrospectively document the scenario of the outcrossing to selfing transitions in a phylogenetic perspective. In this review, we explore the literature describing patterns of polymorphism and molecular evolution of the locus controlling self‐incompatibility (S‐locus) in selfing species of the Brassicaceae family in order to document the transition from outcrossing to selfing, a retrospective approach that we describe as the ‘mating system genes approach'. The data point to strikingly contrasted scenarios of transition from outcrossing to selfing. We also perform original analyses of the fully sequenced genomes of four species showing self‐compatibility, to compare the orthologous S‐locus region with that of functional S‐locus haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that all species we investigated evolved independently towards loss of self‐incompatibility, and in most cases almost intact sequences of either of the two S‐locus genes suggest that these transitions occurred relatively recently. The S‐locus region in Aethionema arabicum, representing the most basal lineage of Brassicaceae, showed unusual patterns so that our analysis could not determine whether self‐incompatibility was lost secondarily, or evolved in the core Brassicaceae after the split with this basal lineage. Although the approach we detail can only be used when mating system genes have been identified in a clade, we suggest that its integration with phylogenetic and population genetic approaches should help determine the main routes of this predominant mating system shift in plants.
Genetic polymorphisms in the prostaglandin pathway genes and risk of head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee W‐T , Huang C‐C , Chen K‐C , Wong T‐Y , Ou C‐Y , Tsai S‐T , Yen C‐J , Fang S‐Y , Lo H‐I , Wu Y‐H , Hsueh W‐T , Yang M‐W , Lin F‐C , Hsiao J‐R , Huang J‐S , Chang J‐Y , Chang K‐Y , Wu S‐Y , Lin C‐L , Wang Y‐H , Weng Y‐L , Yang H‐C , Chang JS 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivePrevious studies examining the association between genetic variations in prostaglandin pathway and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) have only included polymorphisms in the PTGS2 (COX2) gene. This study investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of six prostaglandin pathway genes (PGDS, PTGDS, PTGES, PTGIS, PTGS1 and PTGS2), and risk of HNC.MethodsInterviews regarding the consumption of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette were conducted with 222 HNC cases and 214 controls. Genotyping was performed for 48 tag and functional single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultsTwo tag SNPs of PTGIS showed a significant association with HNC risk [rs522962: log‐additive odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.99 and dominant OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02–2.47; rs6125671: log‐additive OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08–2.05 and dominant OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.16–3.32]. In addition, a region in PTGIS tagged by rs927068 and rs6019902 was significantly associated with risk of HNC (global P = 0.007). Finally, several SNPs interacted with betel quid and cigarette to influence the risk of HNC.ConclusionsGenetic variations in prostaglandin pathway genes are associated with risk of HNC and may modify the relationship between use of betel quid or cigarette and development of HNC.
Effect of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine and substance P on human major salivary gland secretion
Authors: Del Fiacco M , Quartu M , Ekström J , Melis T , Boi M , Isola M , Loy F , Serra MP 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe parasympathetic transmitters vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) are secretagogues in salivary glands of animals. Currently, we hypothesise that in human salivary glands, these neuropeptides and the VIP‐related peptide histidine methionine (PHM) also exert secretory actions, reflected morphologically by exocytosis of acinar protein/glycoprotein‐storing granules.Materials and MethodsSubmandibular and parotid gland tissues, exposed in vitro to VIP and PHM, and SP, respectively, were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, the response to in vitro stimulation of isoproterenol, phenylephrine and carbachol was examined. Moreover, the peptidergic innervation of the glands was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsVasoactive intestinal peptide‐ and PHM‐immunoreactive nerves were in close proximity to acini and ducts in the two glands, while these elements lacked a SP‐positive innervation. While no morphological changes occurred in response to SP (parotid glands), VIP and PHM administration (submandibular glands) caused conspicuous acinar degranulation accompanied by luminal space broadening. In the two glands, both α1‐ and β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation and muscarinic receptor stimulation caused similar changes as to VIP/PHM, although to varying extent.ConclusionsVasoactive intestinal peptide and PHM, but not SP, are likely transmitters in the parasympathetic control of salivary (protein) secretion in humans.
Pacemaker Diagnostics in Atrial Fibrillation: Limited Usefulness for Therapy Initiation in a Pacemaker Practice
Authors: YEDLAPATI NEERAJA , FISHER JOHN D. 
Published: April 2014

AimWe aimed to determine the practical value of pacemaker diagnostics for atrial fibrillation (AF) in an unselected general pacemaker practice, specifically workflow and initiation of anticoagulation or antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy.MethodsWe prospectively followed consecutive pacemaker interrogations over a period of 1 year to identify patients with AF (burden from 1% to 99%). We contacted referring physicians with AF details, and then determined whether the information resulted in therapeutic changes.ResultsOf the 1,100 pacemakers interrogated, 728 were dual chamber (DDDs) with AF diagnostic capability. AF was recorded in 73 (10%) but seven had limited information, leaving 66 patients; of these, 42 (63%) patients were already anticoagulated and in five (7%) patients, anticoagulation had been stopped because of complications. Initial diagnosis of AF was made by the pacemaker in 17 patients (26% of 66; 2% of 728); four (6% of 66) patients were newly initiated on anticoagulation. Of the 66 patients, 17 patients were already on AADs; 49 (74%) had satisfactory rate control or had other issues; only two (3% of 66; 0.3% of 728) received new AADs.ConclusionsOf 728 patients with DDD pacemakers, only 17 were newly discovered to have AF, and six (0.8%) had changes in medications based on the pacemaker data. Adding pacemaker‐derived data to existing clinical information had little therapeutic impact, due to a combination of cumbersome workflow, and because AF was usually known to practitioners. Developments in automated monitoring systems may provide more accessible and therapeutically useful information.
Performance of anesthesia residents during a simulated prone ventricular fibrillation arrest in an anesthetized pediatric patient
Authors: Tofil Nancy M. , Dollar Jennifer , Zinkan Lynn , Youngblood Amber Q. , Peterson Dawn T. , White Marjorie L. , Stooksberry Timothy N. , Jarrell Seth A. , King Collin 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundExposure to rare pediatric anesthesia emergencies varies depending on the residency program. Simulation can provide increased exposure to these rare events, improve performance of residents, and also aid in standardizing the curriculum.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate time to recognize and treat ventricular fibrillation in a pediatric prone patient and to expose learners to the difficulties of managing emergencies in prone patients.MethodsStandardized simulation sessions were conducted monthly for 13 months with groups of 1–2 residents in each simulation. The scenario involved a prone patient undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Ventricular fibrillation occurred three minutes into the case. Sessions were viewed by simulation staff, and time to events was recorded. A scripted debriefing followed each case. Evaluations were completed by each participant.ResultsThe average time to start chest compressions was 77 s, and the average time in recognizing ventricular fibrillation was 76 s. No group performed chest compressions while prone. Only one group defibrillated in the prone position. Participants average time to request defibrillation was 108 s. While nine of 13 groups (69%) ordered an arterial blood gas, only five recognized hyperkalemia, and only four groups gave calcium.ConclusionsAnesthesia residents need additional training in recognizing and treating operative ventricular fibrillation, especially in prone patients and rarely encountered etiologies such as hyperkalemia. Training in the treatment of uncommon pediatric emergencies should be a focal point in anesthesia residency programs.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Therapeutic Options Review
Authors: Costandi Shrif , Chopko Bohdan , Mekhail Mena , Dews Teresa , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) functionally impacts significant numbers of Americans per year. Current estimates place the number of Americans suffering from senescent lumbar spinal stenosis at 400,000. The prevalence of this disorder in patients ranging from 60 to 69 years of age is very high. Forty‐seven percent of this age group have mild to moderate stenosis, and 19.7% have severe stenosis. As the baby boomer generation gets older, 10,000 individuals attain the age of 65 years every day in United States. LSS is becoming very common and will be a major healthcare issue as the population ages. Although LSS is not life threatening, it can cause substantial disability with limitations to performing daily activities, and thus, the associated negative impact on quality of life (QOL). This article reviews the pathophysiology and current treatment options for LSS, focusing on evidence‐based treatment options.
Face Recognition in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Yetkin‐Ozden Selcen , Ekizoglu Esme , Baykan Betul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesProsopagnosia is a rare dysfunction seen during the aura phase of migraine. We aimed to evaluate the face recognition, which has not previously been investigated in migraineurs during the interictal period, and its relationships with clinical features.MethodsSeventy‐four migraineurs, with or without aura, diagnosed according to the International Headache Society criteria and 37 healthy control subjects were included. Benton face recognition test (BFRT) and judgment of line orientation test (LOT) for complex visual perception were applied to all participants.ResultsMigraineurs showed significantly lower performance in both of the BFRT and LOT scores (P = 0.027; P = 0.014, respectively), indicating impaired visuospatial perception. In the subgroup analysis, these impairments were more pronounced in the group with migraine without aura.ConclusionMigraineurs had poorer performance in both face recognition and visuospatial perception. These findings could be based on functional differences in the migraineurs' brain or genetic changes.
Using attachment theory to inform the design and delivery of mental health services: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Roberts Nicola H. , Danquah Adam N. , Berry Katherine 
Published: April 2014

PurposeThe aim of this review was to propose and describe the design and delivery of an attachment‐informed general mental health service.MethodWe systematically searched the PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, COPAC, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases from 1960 to 2013. We also searched reference lists of relevant papers and directly contacted authors in the field. Literature describing attachment theory and its applicability in designing and delivering general mental health services was synthesized using thematic analysis. Papers published in English, books or chapters in edited books that described applying attachment theory in designing and delivering mental health services for adults and adolescents were included in the review. Of the 1,105 articles identified, 14 met inclusion criteria for the review. Eight key themes, and four subthemes, were extracted and organized to reflect the experience of a service user moving through the mental health system.ResultsKey themes extracted were as follows: service policy and evaluation; referrals; assessment and formulation; intervention; support for staff; support for carers; moving on; and potential service benefits. Papers reviewed suggested that service users with severe mental health problems have attachment needs that should be met in general mental health services.ConclusionsAttachment theory provides a useful framework to inform the design and delivery of general mental health services. The resource implications for services are discussed, as are limitations of the review and recommendations for future research.Practitioner points

Attachment theory should be used to inform the design and delivery of general mental health services.

Mental health services should evaluate the extent to which they meet service users' attachment needs.

Attachment‐informed mental health services should assess outcomes, including cost‐effectiveness over time.

Papers included in this review focus on long‐stay residential care or secure services and there is a limited experimental evidence base to show that providing an attachment‐informed service improves patient outcomes.
Significance of new lung infiltrates in outpatients after lung and heart–lung transplantation
Authors: Díaz‐Ravetllat V. , Greer M. , Haverich A. , Warnecke G. , Dierich M. , Welte T. , Gottlieb J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfection and rejection represent major complications following lung transplantation and are often associated with pulmonary infiltrates. The differential diagnosis of these infiltrates depends on their timing after transplantation. The aim of this study was to characterize lung transplant recipients (LTR) presenting with new pulmonary infiltrates.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all LTR and heart–lung transplant recipients attending outpatient follow‐up at our institution between September 1, 2006 and October 14, 2011 was performed. All patients presenting with new pulmonary infiltrates on chest x‐ray who underwent bronchoscopy were included.ResultsA total of 913 patients accounted for 13,156 attendances, with 3,912 bronchoscopies being performed. Seventy‐eight patients (9%) exhibited new pulmonary infiltrates and proceeded to bronchoscopy. Infiltrates occurred at a median 15 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–39) months after transplantation. Forty‐eight patients (62%) were male, and median patient age was 47 (IQR 29–57) years. Subsequent investigation revealed pneumonia to be the underlying cause in 63 patients (81%). In the remaining patients, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was responsible in 6 (8%), acute rejection in 5 (6%), and toxic pneumonitis in 4 (5%) patients. Overall 1‐year survival in LTR presenting with new infiltrates was 97%, compared with 96% for all LTR attending our Outpatient Department.ConclusionsNew pulmonary infiltrates occurring after the first month in LTR are most likely due to infection. Through prompt diagnosis and treatment, early mortality appears unaffected. Late mortality remains attributable to CLAD.
The Arabidopsis STRESS RESPONSE SUPPRESSOR DEAD‐box RNA helicases are nucleolar‐ and chromocenter‐localized proteins that undergo stress‐mediated relocalization and are involved in epigenetic gene silencing
Authors: Khan Asif , Garbelli Anna , Grossi Serena , Florentin Assa , Batelli Giorgia , Acuna Tania , Zolla Gaston , Kaye Yuval , Paul Laju K. , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Maga Giovanni , Grafi Gideon , Barak Simon 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDEAD‐box RNA helicases are involved in many aspects of RNA metabolism and in diverse biological processes in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of two DEAD‐box RNA helicases, STRESS RESPONSE SUPPRESSOR1 (STRS1) and STRS2 were previously shown to exhibit tolerance to abiotic stresses and up‐regulated stress‐responsive gene expression. Here, we show that Arabidopsis STRS‐overexpressing lines displayed a less tolerant phenotype and reduced expression of stress‐induced genes confirming the STRSs as attenuators of Arabidopsis stress responses. GFP–STRS fusion proteins exhibited localization to the nucleolus, nucleoplasm and chromocenters and exhibited relocalization in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and various stresses. This relocalization was reversed when stress treatments were removed. The STRS proteins displayed mis‐localization in specific gene‐silencing mutants and exhibited RNA‐dependent ATPase and RNA‐unwinding activities. In particular, STRS2 showed mis‐localization in three out of four mutants of the RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway while STRS1 was mis‐localized in the hd2c mutant that is defective in histone deacetylase activity. Furthermore, heterochromatic RdDM target loci displayed reduced DNA methylation and increased expression in the strs mutants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the STRS proteins are involved in epigenetic silencing of gene expression to bring about suppression of the Arabidopsis stress response.