bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal effect of different vitamin D3 supplementations and doses adapted to baseline serum 25(OH)D on achieved 25(OH)D levels in patients with a recent fracture: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Bours Sandrine P G , Geusens Piet P M M , van der Velde Robert Y , Janssen Marcel J W , van den Bergh Joop P W 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveGuidelines on the need for dose adaptation of vitamin D3 supplementation according to baseline serum 25(OH)D are inconclusive. The effects of increasing doses of vitamin D3 at lower baseline serum 25(OH)D values on the serum 25(OH)D after 4.2 and 11 months were determined in an observational study.DesignA prospective observational study.MethodsOut of 1481 consecutive women and men with a recent clinical fracture, 707 had a baseline 25(OH)D level <50 nmol/l and were supplemented with increasing doses of vitamin D3 (400, 800, 1700, and ≥3500 IU/day) according to the lower baseline 25(OH)D. Final analysis was restricted to the 221 participants who had full follow-up data available for 11 months.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/l was achieved in 57–76% of patients after 4.2 months and in 73–79% after 11 months. These percentages were similar for all doses (P=0.06 andP=0.91 respectively). The mean achieved 25(OH)D was similar for all dose groups (56.1–64.0 nmol/l after 4.2 months and 60.2–76.3 nmol/l after 11 months). With multivariate analysis, the increase in 25(OH)D (17±32.0 after 4.2 months and 24.3±34.0 nmol/l after 11 months) was dependent on the baseline 25(OH)D (P<0.001), not on supplementation dose, season, age, BMI, or gender.ConclusionsThe increase in serum 25(OH)D was significantly larger with higher vitamin D3 supplementation doses. However, this dose–effect response was mainly explained by the baseline 25(OH)D, not the supplementation dose, with a greater magnitude of response at lower baseline 25(OH)D concentrations. In 21–27% of patients, serum 25(OH)D3 levels did not reach 50 nmol/l after 11 months, at any dose. Further studies are needed to identify possible causes of suboptimal response such as non-compliance, undiagnosed malabsorption syndromes, or variability in cholecalciferol content of the vitamin D supplements.
Enriched Environments and Motor Outcomes in Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Novak Iona , Badawi Nadia 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Neuroplasticity evidence from animals favors an early enriched environment for promoting optimal brain injury recovery. In infants, systematic reviews show environmental enrichment (EE) improves cognitive outcomes but the effect on motor skills is less understood. The objective of this review was to appraise the effectiveness evidence about EE for improving the motor outcomes of infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP).METHODS:A systematic review was conducted. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Resource Information Center, SocINDEX, and PsycINFO databases were searched for literature meeting inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials; high risk of /diagnosis of CP; &gt;25% participants ≤2 years; parent or infant interventions postdischarge; and motor outcomes reported. Data were extracted using the Cochrane protocol regarding participants, intervention characteristics, and outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using risk of bias assessment and GRADE.RESULTS:A total of 226 studies were identified. After removing duplicates and unrelated studies, 16 full-text articles were reviewed, of which 7 studies met inclusion criteria. The risk of bias varied between studies with the more recent studies demonstrating the lowest risk. Enrichment interventions varied in type and focus, making comparisons difficult. A meta-analysis was conducted of studies that compared enrichment to standard care (n = 5), and totaled 150 infants. A small positive effect for enrichment was found; standardized mean difference 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.05–0.72; I2 = 3%; P = .02)CONCLUSIONS:EE looks promising for CP, and therefore high-quality studies with well-defined EE strategies are urgently required.
Urinary Phthalates and Increased Insulin Resistance in Adolescents
Authors: Trasande Leonardo , Spanier Adam J. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Attina Teresa M. , Blustein Jan 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND
Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is an environmental chemical commonly found in processed foods. Phthalate exposures, in particular to DEHP, have been associated with insulin resistance in adults, but have not been studied in adolescents.

METHODS:
Using cross-sectional data from 766 fasting 12- to 19-year-olds in the 2003–2008 NHANES, we examined associations of phthalate metabolites with continuous and categorical measures of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS:
Controlling for demographic and behavioral factors, diet, continuous age, BMI category, and urinary creatinine, for each log (roughly threefold) increase in DEHP metabolites, a 0.27 increase (95% confidence interval 0.14–0.40; P &lt; .001) in HOMA-IR was identified. Compared with the first tertile of DEHP metabolite in the study population (14.5% insulin resistant), the third tertile had 21.6% prevalence (95% confidence interval 17.2%–26.0%; P = .02). Associations persisted despite controlling for bisphenol A, another endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly found in foods, and HOMA-IR and insulin resistance were not significantly associated with metabolites of lower molecular weight phthalates commonly found in cosmetics and other personal care products.

CONCLUSIONS:
Urinary DEHP concentrations were associated with increased insulin resistance in this cross-sectional study of adolescents. This study cannot rule out the possibility that insulin-resistant children ingest food with higher phthalate content, or that insulin-resistant children excrete more DEHP.
Pediatrician Identification of Latino Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zuckerman Katharine E. , Mattox Kimber , Donelan Karen , Batbayar Oyundari , Baghaee Anita , Bethell Christina 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Latino–white disparities in age at autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis may be modified by primary care pediatrician (PCP) practices and beliefs. The objectives of this study were to assess ASD and developmental screening practices, attitudes toward ASD identification in Latino children, and barriers to ASD identification for Latino children, in a sample of 267 California PCPs.

METHODS:
In mail-based PCP survey, we assessed rates of bilingual general developmental and ASD screening, perceptions of parent ASD knowledge in Latino and white families, reports of difficulty assessing for ASDs in Latino and white children, and perceptions of barriers to early ASD identification for Latinos.

RESULTS:
Although 81% of PCPs offered some form of developmental screening, 29% of PCPs offered Spanish ASD screening per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, and only 10% offered both Spanish general developmental and Spanish ASD screening per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Most PCPs thought that Latino (English and Spanish primary family language) parents were less knowledgeable about ASDs than white parents. PCPs had more difficulty assessing ASD risk for Latino children with Spanish primary family language than for white children, even when the PCP conducted recommended ASD screening or had &gt;25% Latino patients. The most frequent barrier to ASD identification in Latinos was access to developmental specialists.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple factors in the primary care setting may contribute to delayed ASD identification for Latinos. Promoting language-appropriate screening, disseminating culturally appropriate ASD materials to Latino families, improving the specialist workforce, and providing PCP support in screening and referral of Latino children may be important ways to reduce racial and ethnic differences in care.
Rapid Implementation of Evidence-Based Guidelines for Imaging After First Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Jerardi Karen E. , Elkeeb Dena , Weiser Jason , Brinkman William B. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The American Academy of Pediatrics published a new guideline for management of first urinary tract infection (UTI) in children aged 2 to 24 months in September 2011. The imaging evaluation changed from the previous guideline to recommend voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) only for patients with an abnormal renal and bladder ultrasound (RBUS). The objective was to decrease the proportion of guideline-eligible children with a normal RBUS who underwent VCUG from median of 92% for patients treated as inpatients and 100% for patients treated in the emergency department to 5% in both settings.

METHODS:
This was a quality improvement implementation study in a large academic medical center. Key drivers included: appropriate guideline knowledge, timely identification of guideline eligible patients, and effective communication with the community-based primary care provider. A multidisciplinary team developed and tested interventions. Impact was assessed with annotated run charts. Statistical comparisons were made with χ2 analysis and Fisher’s exact test.

RESULTS:
The proportion of children with first UTI and normal RBUS who underwent VCUG decreased from a median of 92% to 0% within 1 month of initiating the project among those hospitalized and from 100% to 40% within 4 months among those diagnosed in the emergency department. Rates have been sustained for 12 months and 8 months, respectively. Interventions using the electronic medical record and ordering system were most impactful.

CONCLUSIONS:
Rapid adoption of evidence-based UTI care across multiple settings is achievable. Practice change occurred faster and to a greater magnitude in the inpatient setting compared with the outpatient setting.
Implementation of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening in Minnesota
Authors: Kochilas Lazaros K. , Lohr Jamie L. , Bruhn Eric , Borman-Shoap Emily , Gams Becky L. , Pylipow Mary , Saarinen Annamarie , Gaviglio Amy , Thompson Theodore R. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the level of preparedness and resources needed in Minnesota for the implementation of newborn screening for critical congenital heart diseases (CCHDs).

METHODS:
A cross sectional survey of all birth centers in Minnesota was performed to assess the capacity to deliver care essential for the CCHD screening program. Compliance with the screening algorithm, nursing workload, and cost were assessed by using a pilot program implemented in 6 normal newborn nurseries.

RESULTS:
Ninety-one of 99 eligible centers participated in the survey and 90 reported the ability to screen newborns in accordance with recommendations. Only 22 centers, with 63% of births, had access to echocardiography and routinely stocked prostaglandins for neonatal use. Our pilot study screened 7549 newborns with 6 failed screens and 1 CCHD diagnosis. Two of the failed screens were due to misinterpretation of the algorithm, 1 failed screen was not reported, and 4 failed screens were not recognized. Repeated screens were required for 115 newborns, with 29% of retesting due to misinterpretation of the algorithm. The mean nursing time required was 5.5 minutes, and the cost was $5.10 per screen.

CONCLUSIONS:
In Minnesota, two-thirds of newborns are born in centers with resources for initial diagnosis and management of CCHD. Implementation of a pilot screening program demonstrated minimal increase in nursing workload, but identified problems with interpretation of the algorithm and data reporting. This pilot project suggests the need for simplification of the algorithm, additional training of health care providers, and development of a centralized reporting mechanism.
MgNd2: a future resorbable magnesium-based implant material?
Authors: Seitz Jan-Marten , Fau Danielle R. , Eifler Rainer , Kietzmann Manfred , Weber Constantin , Durisin Martin , Bach Friedrich-Wilhelm 
Published: August 2013

At present, resorbable materials for implant applications are of great interest in biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the magnesium alloy MgNd2 provides unique mechanical and corrosive characteristics combined with appropriate biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for resorbable biomedical applications. MgNd2 provides low strength, enabling plastic deformation at ~80 MPa and a tensile elongation of ~30%, which is exceptional for magnesium alloys. Mass-loss analyses using simulated body fluid have exhibited a slow and homogeneous corrosion behavior in vitro, revealing a corrosion rate of less than 1 mm/year. Using cell viability and cytocompatibility tests, a general biocompatibility determined for MgNd2 showed no negative impact on cells. Due to excellent characteristics of MgNd2, it was successfully introduced as a resorbable stenting material within biological air-ducting tubuli and, furthermore, demonstrated desired in situ deformation characteristics.
Refuge availability and within‐species differences in cannibalism determine population variability and dynamics
Authors: Nilsson Karin A. , Persson Lennart 
Published: August 2013

Theoretical studies show that both cannibalism and intraspecific resource competition can have major effects on population dynamics. Cannibalistic intensity, offspring size, harvesting and refuge availability are important factors affecting the interplay between cannibalism and competition. We studied two populations of the common guppy (Poecilia reticulata) that differed in their cannibalistic voracity as well as offspring size. We manipulated the availability of refuges for juveniles and harvesting intensity of large adults to investigate how these factors influenced the dynamics of the two populations.Overall population dynamics was mainly affected by the origin of the founder populations and the presence of refuges. The population with a higher cannibalistic propensity and smaller offspring exhibited higher population variability, and the presence of refuges reduced cannibalism and stabilised the dynamics in both populations. Harvest of large cannibalistic females destabilised the dynamics and caused extinctions of several populations without refuges. Both populations displayed cannibal‐driven cycles with repression of recruitment when no refuges were present. Cycle periods were shorter with refuges present and the dynamics were more cohort like with synchronised peaks in density of vulnerable juveniles and cannibals. We suggest that increased number of refuging juveniles led to intensified resource competition in the population. The harvest yield was low in the refuge treatments as few females grew large due to resource competition, leading to a small impact of harvesting in these treatments.
Improving Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Formations by Acidizing
Authors: Morsy Samiha , Sheng J. J. , Soliman M. Y. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Acidizing as a stimulation technique does not always yield the desired sustainable conductivity especially compared to hydraulic fracturing. In addition to that, hydraulic fracturing provides a great contact with shale formations due to its deeper developed conductivity that is sustained by the existence of proppant. However, hydraulic fracture conductivity declines because of a variety of reasons: increasing effective stress, proppant fatigue due to stress cycling, and digenesis. Here, we studied the potential of combining the benefits of propped hydraulic fracturing and acidizing by introducing low concentrations of acid slugs in the hydraulic fracture treatment of shale formations. The acid slugs intended to improve the micro-fracture conductivity deep in the formation and near the wellbore. Experiments using low concentrations of HCl (up to 3 wt% active HCl) showed a great enhancement in oil recovery factors and shale porosity. The treatment was carried out at 200°F. Furthermore, the effect of the HCl treatment on samples from Mancos, Eagle Ford, Barnett, and Marcellus shale formations was examined. The samples used were 2.54-3.81 cm in diameter and 0.76-5.08 cm in length. The porosity measurements on the cores before the treatment range from 0.23-7.7% versus 0.2-35.8% after the treatment. Spontaneous imbibitions showed recovery factors of 2.5-13% from non-treated samples against 4-53% from the treated samples. The treated samples were saturated with more oil compared to the non-treated samples due to the improvement in porosity and permeability by the acid treatment. CT scan images also have been taken for the samples pre and post the acid treatments to show the effect of the treatment on the porosity and cracks distribution along the cores. Our study clearly demonstrates that injecting slugs of low concentrations of HCl near and away from the wellbore adds permanent improved conductivity to hydraulic fracturing that is resulted from the partial dissolution of calcite.
Unconventional Remediation in the Utica Shale Using Advanced Resin Technologies
Authors: Jones P. J. , London B. A. , Tennison L. B. , Karcher J. D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Development of unconventional resources in the northeast region of the United States has resulted in oil companies and energy service companies working together to deliver technical solutions to challenges associated with safe and economical production of hydrocarbon from this region. One major challenge is remediation and prevention of annular pressure buildup. Recently, using resin sealant technologies during remediation operations has effectively and completely eliminated unwanted annular gas flow and pressure buildup in problematic wells. A key property of resin is its ability to be formulated free from solids, allowing it to deeply penetrate into tight fractures and crevices without the risk of particle bridging. However, previous resin systems have experienced adverse reactions when placed in contact with aqueous fluids. Recent chemical advancements have resulted in an oilfield resin system capable of being placed in the well adjacent to cement slurries and other water-based liquids in the fluid train. These advancements have enabled engineers to design successful remediation strategies and programs using previously unavailable techniques. This paper discusses resin chemistry and mechanical properties developments. In addition, a detailed case history from the Utica shale is presented in which a combination of resin and cement was used in a triple-stage remedial operation for annular pressure buildup. After the remedial operation, annular pressure was measured to be 0 psi.
Gas Factory: Operational Efficiencies in the Marcellus Shale Lead to Exceptional Results
Authors: Huls Boyd , Hurey Michael , Johnson Jeffrey 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The natural gas boom in Northeast Pennsylvania over the past few years is directly related to the ability of the petroleum industry to convert the once economically-challenged Marcellus Shale into a dynamic energy resource. Those who have realized the potential and positive impacts of Marcellus Shale gas have described this boom as nothing short of revolutionary. The development of this unconventional play has challenged operational thinking and created an opportunity to implement innovative solutions to a variety of logistical challenges. Many of the conventional paradigms have been adapted and refined to lower the unit cost and shorten the cycle duration time from permit to production.
The quest has been to improve cost effective production while continuing a responsible regard for health, safety, and the environment. The effort has been multi-dimensional and the result of a cooperative approach by the producers, service companies, and every member of the supply chain. Once adopted, these operational efficiencies become standard practice and are repeated pad to pad and well to well. This repetitive "assembly line" approach used in high efficiency operations is now described as a "Gas Factory." In this paper we will present a case study with emphasis on operational efficiencies resulting in remarkable growth activity and production optimization in one of the premier gas plays in the world.
New Advances in Shale Reservoir Analysis Using Flowback Data
Authors: Alkouh Ahmad , Wattenbarger Robert A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Shale reservoirs with multistage hydraulic fractures are commonly characterized by analyzing long-term gas production data, but flowback data is usually not included in the analysis. However, this work shows there can be benefits to including flowback data in well analysis. The flowback period is dominated by water flow. Field data indicate that only 15-30% of the frac water is recovered after the flowback. Past publications have suggested that the lost water is trapped in the natural fracture or imbibed into the rock matrix near the fracture face. In this paper, lost water scenarios are tested and examples are presented for including flowback and production data in the analysis of shale gas wells.
A gas-water model was constructed for simulating the flowback and long-term production periods. Various physical assumptions were investigated for the saturations and properties in the fracture/matrix system that exists after hydraulic fracturing. The results of these simulations were compared with data from actual wells. The result of these comparisons led to certain conclusions and procedures that describe possible well/reservoir conditions after hydraulic fracturing and during production.
In this work, the challenge of simulating a natural fracture with trapped water without imbibition is solved using a new hybrid relative permeability jail. This concept was tested for the period of flowback, shut-in and production. Natural fracture spacing could be a possible explanation of the lost water. In addition, this paper shows the benefits of combining flowback and long-term water production data in the analysis of shale gas wells. In some cases the time shift on diagnostic plots changes the apparent flow regime identification of the early gas production data. This leads to different models of the fracture/matrix system. The presented work encourages the engineer to collect flowback data in order to include it in the long-term production analysis.