bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Inequality is negatively associated with academic achievement for both boys and girls
Authors: Zhang Li , Chao Baolige , Gao Yan , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Yingzi , Chen Chuangsheng , Xin Ziqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo examine the role of inequality in academic achievement, we analyse a cross-national dataset including data from three cycles from 2012 to 2018 from the PISA, an international assessment of 15-year-old students’ math, reading, and science performance. The Gini coefficient and gender inequality index (GII) were used as metrics for a country’s economic inequality and gender inequality, respectively. The results show that gender inequality has a negative association with academic achievement for both boys and girls. Moreover, gender inequality has a stronger association with academic achievement than does economic inequality. We also find that gender inequality in reproductive health may contribute substantially to the association between gender inequality and academic achievement. Despite substantial advances in gender equality worldwide, multisectoral and multilevel approaches from the community to the country level are needed to ensure substantial long-term reductions in economic, gender, and educational inequalities.
A more quiescent deep ocean under global warming
Authors: Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Wu Lixin , Sun Shantong , Chen Zhaohui , Ma Xiaohui , Gan Bolan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ocean is a magnificent reservoir of kinetic energy possessed by currents at diverse spatio-temporal scales. These currents transport heat and material, regulating the regional and global climate. It is generally thought that large-scale ocean circulations should become more energetic under global warming, especially in the ocean’s upper layer. However, using high-resolution global climate simulations, here we demonstrate that the total ocean kinetic energy is projected to be significantly reduced in a warming climate, despite overall acceleration of large-scale ocean circulations in the upper layer. This reduction is primarily attributed to weakened ocean mesoscale eddies in the deep ocean. Enhanced vertical stratification under global warming reduces the available potential energy stored in large-scale ocean circulations, diminishing its conversion into eddy kinetic energy. Our findings reveal a more quiescent deep ocean under global warming and suggest a crucial role of mesoscale eddies in determining the anthropogenic change of total ocean kinetic energy.
Competition shapes the landscape of X-chromosome-linked genetic diversity
Authors: Buenaventura Teresa , Bagci Hakan , Patrascan Ilinca , Graham Joshua J. , Hipwell Kelsey D. , Oldenkamp Roel , King James W. D. , Urtasun Jesus , Young George , Mouzo Daniel , Gomez-Cabrero David , Rowland Benjamin D. , Panne Daniel , Fisher Amanda G. , Merkenschlager Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractX chromosome inactivation (XCI) generates clonal heterogeneity within XX individuals. Combined with sequence variation between human X chromosomes, XCI gives rise to intra-individual clonal diversity, whereby two sets of clones express mutually exclusive sequence variants present on one or the other X chromosome. Here we ask whether such clones merely co-exist or potentially interact with each other to modulate the contribution of X-linked diversity to organismal development. Focusing on X-linked coding variation in the human STAG2 gene, we show that Stag2variant clones contribute to most tissues at the expected frequencies but fail to form lymphocytes in Stag2WTStag2variant mouse models. Unexpectedly, the absence of Stag2variant clones from the lymphoid compartment is due not solely to cell-intrinsic defects but requires continuous competition by Stag2WT clones. These findings show that interactions between epigenetically diverse clones can operate in an XX individual to shape the contribution of X-linked genetic diversity in a cell-type-specific manner.
A novel monoclonal antibody generated by immunization with granular tau oligomers binds to tau aggregates at 423-430 amino acid sequence
Authors: Soeda Yoshiyuki , Hayashi Emi , Nakatani Naoko , Ishigaki Shinsuke , Takaichi Yuta , Tachibana Taro , Riku Yuichi , Chambers James K. , Koike Riki , Mohammad Moniruzzaman , Takashima Akihiko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrior to the formation of amyloid fibrils, the pathological hallmark in tau-related neurodegenerative disease, tau monomers aggregate into a diverse range of oligomers. Granular tau oligomers, consisting of approximately 40 tau protein molecules, are present in the prefrontal cortex of patients at Braak stages I-II, preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Antibodies to granular tau oligomers as antigens have not been reported. Therefore, we generated new rat monoclonal antibodies by immunization with granular tau oligomers. Three antibodies from different hybridoma clones showed stronger immunoreactivity to granular tau oligomers and tau fibrils compared with monomeric tau. Of the three antibodies, 2D6-2C6 showed 3000-fold greater immunoreactivity in P301L-tau transgenic (rTg4510) mice than in non-transgenic mice, while MC1 antibody, which detects pathological conformations of tau, showed a 5.5-fold increase. These results suggest that 2D6-2C6 recognizes aggregates more specifically than MC1. In AD subjects, 2D6-2C6 recognized neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles, and co-localized within AT8-positive cells containing phosphorylated tau aggregates. The epitope of 2D6-2C6 is the 423–430 amino acid (AA) sequence of C-terminal regions. Taken together, a novel monoclonal antibody, 2D6-2C6, generated by immunization with granular tau oligomers binds to tau aggregates at the 423–430 AA sequence.
Mitigation potential of antibiotic resistance genes in water and soil by clay-based adsorbents
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Raj , Drigo Barbara , Sarkar Binoy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered a contaminant of emerging concern in the environment. ARGs are widely distributed in the environment (e.g., soil, biosolids, plants, wastewater), companion and food-producing animals, wildlife, and insects. Soils are important reservoirs of ARGs and constitute a major pathway for the exchange of ARGs among microorganisms, including clinically relevant pathogens. Naturally available clays and clay minerals show high affinity to ARGs and antibiotics, which can be exploited to develop methods for mitigating ARGs contamination in soil, biosolids, and water. The mechanism of ARGs retention, degradation, and transformation on natural and modified clay surfaces is complex and requires further understanding to develop scalable remediation methods. Here, we discuss the source, availability, and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in wastewater and soil, and their interactions with natural and modified clays and clay minerals to seek effective strategies for mitigating the overlooked pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We shed light on future research requirements to extend the use of inexpensive clay adsorbents and develop nature-based solutions using these materials for mitigating AMR in the environment.
Structure, control, and dynamics of altermagnetic textures
Authors: Gomonay O. , Kravchuk V. P. , Jaeschke-Ubiergo R. , Yershov K. V. , Jungwirth T. , Šmejkal L. , Brink J. van den , Sinova J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a phenomenological theory of altermagnets, that captures their unique magnetization dynamics and allows modeling magnetic textures in this new magnetic phase. Focusing on the prototypical d-wave altermagnets, e.g., RuO2, we can explain intuitively the characteristic lifted degeneracy of their magnon spectra, by the emergence of an effective sublattice-dependent anisotropic spin stiffness arising naturally from the phenomenological theory. We show that as a consequence the altermagnetic domain walls, in contrast to antiferromagnets, have a finite gradient of the magnetization, with its strength and gradient direction connected to the altermagnetic anisotropy, even for 180° domain walls. This gradient generates a ponderomotive force in the domain wall in the presence of a strongly inhomogeneous external magnetic field, which may be achieved through magnetic force microscopy techniques. The motion of these altermagentic domain walls is also characterized by an anisotropic Walker breakdown, with much higher speed limits of propagation than ferromagnets but lower than antiferromagnets.
Methodologies in Ether Synthesis
Authors: Taherinia Zahra , Hajjami Maryam , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash 
Published: July 2024

Ethers and crown ethers are important structural parts of many man-made or natural organic materials with medicinal, agrochemical or technological attributes. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted for developing novel ether synthesis methods.
This book summarizes recent advances in synthesizing di-alkyl, aryl-alkyl, diaryl, cyclic, and crown ethers. It also discusses their substantial applications in various fields such as organic synthesis, ionic liquids, protecting groups, photoswitchable catalysis, phase transfer catalysts, solvents, biological functionality, anticancer properties and antimicrobial effects, drug delivery, and biofuels. Providing an invaluable reference for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers interested in organic chemistry, it also contributes to the literature for chemical researchers working in industry.
Dynamic Twitter friend grouping based on similarity, interaction, and trust to account for ever‐evolving relationships
Authors: Shetty Nisha P. , Muniyal Balachandra , Maben Leander Melroy , Jayaraj Rithika , Saxena Sameer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOnline social networks have become ubiquitous, allowing users to share opinions on various topics. However, oversharing can compromise privacy, leading to potential blackmail or fraud. Current platforms lack friend categorization based on trust levels. This study proposes simulating real‐world friendships by grouping users into three categories: acquaintances, friends, and close friends, based on trust and engagement. It also introduces a dynamic method to adjust relationship status over time, considering users' past and present offenses against peers. The proposed system automatically updates friend lists, eliminating manual grouping. It calculates relationship strength by considering all components of online social networks and trust variations caused by user attacks. This method can be integrated with clustering algorithms on popular platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to enable constrained sharing. By implementing this system, users can better control their information sharing based on trust levels, reducing privacy risks. The dynamic nature of the relationship status adjustment ensures that the system remains relevant as user interactions evolve over time. This approach offers a more nuanced and secure social networking experience, reflecting real‐world relationship dynamics in the digital sphere.
Nurse Practitioners (NPs) as Game Changers in Tanzania Health Delivery System: Lessons Learnt from Fujita Bantane Hospital in Japan
Authors: Kombe Grace Emmanuel , Almasi Jumaa Tram , Kato Yoko , Liew Boon Seng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShortage of physicians/doctors in the primary health care system has been evidenced in various countries. Among other things, these countries deployed nurse practitioners (NPs) in the health care delivery system to address this shortage. Countries in America, Europe, and Asia use NPs to address physicians/doctors shortage in the primary health care delivery systems. Various studies have shown that NPs have been deployed in primary health care facilities to curb these shortages.While in Tanzania shortage of physicians/doctors and other health professionals is evidenced in every sector of the health care system, nurses play a crucial role to cover this shortage by providing care and support for individuals and communities. Nurses work in various settings from being a nurse, counselor, laboratory technologist, social worker, educationist, and physician, to name a few. Nurses play a key role in preventing, diagnosing, and attending to common health problems. The question is, “When will the Tanzanian health delivery system recognize the pivotal role of these nurses and upgrade them to NPs?” This study suggests that deployment of NPs in Tanzania's health care systems could be a “game changer.” As a fellow on Critical Care Nursing Course at Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital in Japan, witnessed deployment of NPs in health care delivery and the reaped benefits are enormous; increased access to health care services, reduction in health care costs, reduced hospital stays, and customer satisfaction through client empowerment and comfort. This is an observational study of tasks performed by NPs in Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital and their relevance as a positive innovation to curb physician shortages for effective health care delivery. The duration of the study at Bantane Hospital was 2 months from January 15 to March 16, 2024. One-to-one interviews with NPs on duty were conducted. Also, collected and reviewed information from Tanzanian government Web sites, published government documents, and academic literature. Results show that NPs perform a lot of procedures that physicians/doctors were supposed to do. In the wards, theater, laboratories, and clinics, they play a pivotal role to curb shortage of physicians/doctors in health settings. NPs are an effective addition to medical facilities. They perform various procedures in the absence of the doctors. The findings from this study have important implications for improving health care delivery in Tanzania. NPs could be “game changers” in the health care landscape in Tanzania. Investment on nurses' education, proper training, and policy changes in nurse practice regulations are key for this to succeed.
Does higher vocational education matter for rural revitalization? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Mei , Zheng Yifan , Ma Shaojun , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe association between higher vocational education and rural revitalization is an essential economic and social issue, especially in a country with a large population and a developing education system like China. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2020 to explore the association between higher vocational education and rural revitalization. The empirical results show that, at the national level, both the scale and the quality of higher vocational education significantly promote rural revitalization; the effects of higher vocational education on rural revitalization vary by region: in the eastern and central regions, the scale of higher vocational education significantly promotes rural revitalization, while in the western regions, the quality of higher vocational education significantly promotes rural revitalization; the scale of higher vocational education has a positive spatial spillover effect on rural revitalization, while the quality of higher vocational education only has a significant positive effect on the local level of rural revitalization. Furthermore, the effects of higher vocational education on rural revitalization exhibit a threshold effect based on the economic development level and the urban-rural income gap. This study reveals relationships between higher vocational education and rural revitalization, providing references for policymakers and investors.
Defining faces, defying borders: authority conflicts between medical specialties through cosmetic interventions
Authors: Ergur A. , Akkaya B. , Saral C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt first glance, medical specializations seem to be delineated according to well-defined scientific criteria; the apparently-functional division of labor generates a general hierarchy of specialized knowledge and practice. However, this unequal apportionment of professional power and authority also depends on capitalistic organization. While the medical rationale has always been market-related, starting in the 1980s—with the initiation of its neoliberal agenda—Turkey has enacted progressively aggressive policies, privatizing healthcare service and reconceptualizing it as a dynamic market, thereby forming a medical ethos entangled with neoliberal motifs. In this article, we analyzed how unregulated market conditions give rise to a chaotic scientific field, and how this apparent disorder serves to reproduce an underlying capitalistic logic. Of the multitude of human body parts, we choose the face, because it has become a hot zone in medicine as cosmetic demands from patients have skyrocketed, and because it is an area generating conflict between medical specialties seeking more authority and power. To this end, we interviewed thirty-three specialists from dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, and plastic surgery about their experiences on authority conflicts and their motivations for entering into an unregulated market. Our research highlights how actors in the medical field constitute a relational social context within which boundaries are fiercely negotiated through a market logic. Thereafter, we argue how the ambiguities of pathology, aesthetics, body, and norms that underlie cosmetic procedures are fluidized and become instruments of power, such that this ambiguity has become the very defining characteristic of the scientific field.
Verification of lifetime and mechanical load aspects for ITER diagnostic pressure gauges based on ZrC emitter
Authors: Meister H. , Mackel F. , Andrew P. , Perez J. , Valente P. , Walach U. 
Published: July 2024

Hot cathode ionization gauges will measure the neutral gas pressure in the vacuum vessel of ITER. Overall, 52 gauge heads based on the concept of the ASDEX pressure gauge but using novel ZrC emitters are located in the divertor, in equatorial ports and in pumping ducts. The initial lifetime tests of the novel gauge design have raised the concern that the pyrolytic graphite used to indirectly heat the ceramic ZrC emitter erodes too fast during operation. This effect might limit the lifetime of the gauges below the limits acceptable according to the inherent availability (ignoring operational delays) requirement of 99.8% for the diagnostic system over the lifetime of ITER. Long term operation tests have been performed using 0.1 mm thick W, Ir, and Mo foils as an interlayer between the pyrolytic graphite and the ZrC within a constant atmosphere of 20 Pa H2. The longest lifetime of 860 h has been achieved with the Ir foil. Subsequent vibration tests applying accelerations on a shaker with magnitudes typical for seismic and ITER disruption loads demonstrated that the emitter can survive such demanding loads even after far-progressed erosion of the pyrolytic graphite. Additional ON/OFF cycle tests demonstrated that the gauge is still fully operational. In combination with a revision and consolidation of the operational plan and the reliability, accessibility, maintainability, and inspectability (RAMI) analysis, ITER’s inherent availability requirement for the diagnostic system could be demonstrated successfully.
Demarcating rights in divided social worlds
Authors: Cordero Rodrigo , Frei Raimundo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article outlines a framework for studying practices of boundary-making as pivotal to the various ways in which “rights” become objects of contention and sources of narrativization in contemporary constitutional democracies. Firstly, we reconsider the dynamics of boundary-making that underline polarization by drawing on the notion of “moral economy”. This concept is well-suited for making sense of how social groups draw lines of demarcation through the appropriation, circulation, and confrontation of values and emotions. However, we argue that the concept must be enriched by acknowledging the generative role of narratives. Hence, we introduce the notion of “narrative boundaries” for comprehending how moral economies are produced by storytelling practices. Based on this, we explore the paradoxical moral economy of constitutional struggles. While the discourse of rights pursues modes of inclusion, the struggles over their demarcation often result in narratives that build fences that reinforce the division between almost irreconcilable normative worlds.
Reverberations
Authors: Burnyeat Gwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the Colombian peace referendum, the 2016 accord with the FARC guerrilla, which sought to end fifty years of
war, was rejected by 50.2% of voters. The referendum created new identity divides between ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ voters, product of
political “narrative wars” which intersected with myriad pre-existing divisions: between left and right, urban and rural, rich and
poor; and between interpretations of the conflict’s history. This article draws insights from the anthropology of politics
together with polarisation studies to analyse the way that national politics like referendums affect and (re-)shape political
identity boundaries. It uses the story of Camilo, a right-wing cattle-rancher from the conflict-torn region of Urabá who tries to
build bridges across political divides, to conceptualise the way that national narratives ripple through different storied
contexts as “reverberations” that act on the everyday lived experiences of identity boundaries.
Frequency-domain computing using nonlinear acoustic-wave device on lithium niobate
Authors: chai mingzhao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multiply-accumulation are crucial computing operations in signal processing, numerical simulations, and machine learning. In recent years, optical analog approaches have demonstrated higher computing performance and better power efficiency than their digital counterparts. However, analog computing chips usually need large areas and complex structures for parallel computing, as a single device element only executes one computing operation at a single time. Here, we demonstrate frequency-domain computing using the nonlinear acoustic-wave devices on lithium niobate, featuring a normalized external second-harmonic generation conversion efficiency of ~ 5.7 × 10-4 W-1. The second-order sum-frequency nonlinear process of lithium niobate enables multiplication of inputs encoded in the frequency domain. Compared to the analog schemes, our device features a notably simpler design, and nanofabrication requires only one lift-off. Using a single acoustic-wave device within an area of 0.03 mm2, we can simultaneously conduct over 130,000 multiply-accumulation operations. Our acoustic-wave device shows applications in real and complex vector convolutions and image processing. This demonstration sets the stage for experimental realizations into frequency-domain integrated nonlinear acoustic computing systems, potentially shaping future developments in acoustic neural networks and quantum computing.&#xD;
Field tuning Kitaev systems for spin fractionalization and topological order
Authors: Das J , Kundu S , Kumar A , Tripathi V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The honeycomb Kitaev model describes a Z
2 spin liquid with topological order and fractionalized excitations consisting of gapped π-fluxes and free Majorana fermions. Competing interactions, even when not very strong, are known to destabilize the Kitaev spin liquid. Magnetic fields are a convenient parameter for tuning between different phases of the Kitaev systems, and have even been investigated for potentially counteracting the effects of other destabilizing interactions leading to a revival of the topological phase. Here we review the progress in understanding the effects of magnetic fields on some of the perturbed Kitaev systems, particularly on fractionalization and topological order.