bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effects of a modified Alt‐RAMEC protocol for early treatment of Class III malocclusion: a controlled study
Authors: Masucci C. , Franchi L. , Giuntini V. , Defraia E. 
Published: July 2014

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt‐RAMEC) protocol in combination with facemask (FM) in Class III growing patients.Setting and Sample PopulationThirty one Class III patients (17 males, 14 females) were treated with a modified Alt‐RAMEC/FM protocol at the Department of Orthodontics of the University of Florence.Material and MethodsAll patients were evaluated at the beginning (T1, mean age 6.4 ± 0.8 years) and at the end of orthopedic therapy (T2, mean age 8.1 ± 0.9 years), and they were compared to a matched sample of 31 Class III patients (16 males and 15 females) treated with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask (RME/FM) and to a matched control group of 21 subjects (9 males and 12 females) with untreated Class III malocclusion. The three groups were compared with anova with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple tests.ResultsBoth the Alt‐RAMEC/FM and the RME/FM protocols showed significantly favorable effects leading to correction of the Class III malocclusion. The Alt‐RAMEC/FM protocol produced a more effective advancement of the maxilla (SNA +1.2°) and greater intermaxillary changes (ANB +1.7°) vs. the RME/FM protocol. No significant differences were recorded as for mandibular skeletal changes and vertical skeletal relationships.ConclusionThe Alt‐RAMEC/FM protocol induced more favorable skeletal short‐term effects compared with RME/FM therapy in Class III growing patients.
Pulmonary function following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in childhood: A retrospective cohort study of 51 patients
Authors: Madanat‐Harjuoja L. M. , Valjento S. , Vettenranta K. , Kajosaari M. , Dyba T. , Taskinen M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHSCT is associated with a high risk of late morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, time frame, risk factors, and possible etiology of pulmonary dysfunction following allogeneic HSCT in childhood. We evaluated the pulmonary function of 51 HSCT patients (>6 yr), by including FVC and FEV1 values prior to (baseline) and annually up to five yr after HSCT. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors for a pulmonary event. Over half (59%) of the patients developed pulmonary dysfunction, mainly consisting of restrictive abnormalities. Acute GvHD (HR 4.31, 95% CI 1.47–12.63), chronic GvHD (HR 10.20, 95% CI 2.42–43.03), and an abnormal baseline pulmonary function (HR 4.82, 95% CI 1.02–22.84) were associated with post‐transplant dysfunction. FEV1 (p < 0.001) and FVC (p < 0.001) declined significantly by 12 months after HSCT and both remained below the pre‐HSCT level at up to four yr post‐transplantation. HSCT in childhood is associated with early and persistent restrictive impairment of pulmonary function. Patients with extensive chronic GvHD are particularly vulnerable to severe pulmonary dysfunction. Scheduled pulmonary function testing is warranted as part of the follow‐up of survivors of HSCT in childhood.
Safety and feasibility of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) primed bone marrow (BM) using three days of G‐CSF priming as stem cell source for pediatric allogeneic BM transplantation
Authors: Hussein Ayad Ahmed , Sharma Shanta , Al‐Zaben Abdulhadi , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere are limited data on the optimal dosing and schedule of G‐CSF priming prior to BM harvest. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of three days of G‐CSF of primed BM from related pediatric donors. Forty‐five children were treated. All donors received 5 μg/kg per day of G‐CSF as a single subcutaneous injection for three consecutive days prior to the BM harvest. The median age of the donors was seven yr (range, 0.8–18) and no donor experienced major adverse events related to G‐CSF administration. The median age for the recipients was five yr (0.3–16 yr). Thirty‐five patients had non‐malignant disorders. The median dose of nucleated (TNC) and CD34+, CD3 cells infused per recipient weight was 5.4 × 108/kg (range, 0.61–17), 4.7 × 106/kg (range, 1.6–19), and 43.8 × 106/kg (range, 1.8–95), respectively. All patients achieved neutrophil and platelets engraftment, at a median of 15 (range, 10–22) and 23 days (range, 13–111), respectively. At a median follow up of 60 months (range 12–100), the estimated five yr overall and EFS was 91% and 80%, respectively. Collection of BM following three days of G‐CSF priming from pediatric donors is safe and results in high TNC and CD34+ cell yield.
Relative EBV antibody concentrations and cost of standard IVIG and CMV‐IVIG for PTLD prophylaxis in solid organ transplant patients
Authors: Ramirez‐Avila L. , Garner O. B. , Cherry J. D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSome centers prefer CMV‐IVIG over IVIG for the prophylaxis of EBV‐related PTLD in solid organ transplant patients. Our objective was to compare the relative dose‐related EBV ELISA antibody concentrations and cost of standard IVIG and CMV‐IVIG. The concentration of EBV IgG to VCA was analyzed via ELISA in four lots of IVIG and four lots of CMV‐IVIG. Relative EBV ELISA antibody concentrations and cost were compared assuming an IVIG dose of 0.5 gm/kg and CMV‐IVIG dose of 0.15 gm/kg in a 50‐kg patient. The price of IVIG was $70/gm and CMV‐IVIG $430/gm. IVIG contains the same EBV antibody concentrations (20 790 ELISA antibody units/mL) than CMV‐IVIG (17 430 ELISA antibody units/mL, p > 0.2) in the four lots of each product sampled. When factoring in the dosing scheme for a 50‐kg patient, IVIG contains two times more EBV antibody than CMV‐IVIG. Yet, CMV‐IVIG is 1.8 times more expensive than IVIG ($3225 vs. $1750). In the four lots of each product sampled, IVIG contains more EBV antibodies and costs less than CMV‐IVIG when factoring in the dosing scheme. Studies are needed to determine whether there is clinical efficacy of immunoglobulin products for EBV‐related PTLD prophylaxis.
Evidence for the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Herrington William , Haynes Richard , Staplin Natalie , Emberson Jonathan , Baigent Colin , Landray Martin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe risks of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are particularly high in dialysis patients of any age and outcomes are poor. It is therefore important to identify strategies that safely minimize stroke risk in this population. Observational studies have been unable to clarify the relative importance of traditional stroke risk factors such as blood pressure and cholesterol in those on dialysis, and are affected by biases that usually make them an inappropriate source of data on which to base therapeutic decisions. Well‐conducted randomized trials are not susceptible to such biases and can reliably investigate the causal nature of the association between a potential risk factor and the outcome of interest. However, dialysis patients have been under‐represented in the cardiovascular trials which have proven net benefit of commonly used preventative treatments (e.g., antihypertensive treatments, low‐dose aspirin, carotid revascularization, and thromboprophylaxis for atrial fibrillation), and there remains uncertainty about safety and efficacy of many of these treatments in this high‐risk population. Moreover, the efficacy of renal‐specific therapies that might reduce cardiovascular risk, such as modulators of mineral and bone disorder, online hemodiafiltration, and daily (nocturnal) hemodialysis, have not been tested in adequately powered trials. Recent trials have also demonstrated how widespread current practices could be causing stroke. Therefore, it is important that reliable information on the prevention and treatment of stroke (and other cardiovascular disease) in dialysis patients is generated by performing large‐scale randomized trials of many current and future treatments.
Ocular infections in sub‐Saharan Africa in the context of high HIV prevalence
Authors: Schaftenaar Erik , van Gorp Eric C. M. , Meenken Christina , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Remeijer Lies , Struthers Helen E. , McIntyre James A. , Baarsma G. Seerp , Verjans Georges M. G. M. , Peters Remco P. H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHealthy eyes and good vision are important determinants of populations' health across the globe. Sub‐Saharan Africa is affected by simultaneous epidemics of ocular infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ocular infection and its complications, along with cataract and ocular trauma, are common conditions in this region with great impact on daily life. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and microbial aetiology of the most important infectious ocular conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa: conjunctivitis, keratitis and uveitis. We focus specifically on the potential association of these infections with HIV infection, including immune recovery uveitis. Finally, challenges and opportunities for clinical management are discussed, and recommendations made to improve care in this neglected but very important clinical field.
A facile means for the identification of indolic compounds from plant tissues
Authors: Yu Peng , Hegeman Adrian D. , Cohen Jerry D. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe bulk of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in plants is found in the form of conjugated molecules, yet past research on identifying these compounds has largely relied on methods that were both laborious and inefficient. Using recent advances in analytical instrumentation, we have developed a simple yet powerful liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)‐based method for the facile characterization of the small IAA conjugate profile of plants. The method uses the well‐known quinolinium ion (m/z 130.0651) generated in MS processes as a signature with high mass accuracy that can be used to screen plant extracts for indolic compounds, including IAA conjugates. We reinvestigated Glycine max (soybean) for its indoles and found indole‐3‐acetyl‐trytophan (IA‐Trp) in addition to the already known indole‐3‐acetyl‐aspartic acid (IA‐Asp) and indole‐3‐acetyl‐glutamic acid (IA‐Glu) conjugates. Surprisingly, several organic acid conjugates of tryptophan were also discovered, many of which have not been reported in planta before. These compounds may have important physiological roles in tryptophan metabolism, which in turn can affect human nutrition. We also demonstrated the general applicability of this method by identifying indolic compounds in different plant tissues of diverse phylogenetic origins. It involves minimal sample preparation but can work in conjunction with sample enrichment techniques. This method enables quick screening of IAA conjugates in both previously characterized as well as uncharacterized species, and facilitates the identification of indolic compounds in general.
Infinite-dimensional topological field theories from Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Mironov Andrey , Morozov Aleksey , Natanzon Sergey 
Published: July 2014

Classical Hurwitz numbers of a fixed degree together with Hurwitz numbers of seamed surfaces give rise to a Klein topological field theory (see [A. Alexeevski and S. Natanzon, The algebra of bipartite graphs and Hurwitz numbers of seamed surfaces, Izv. Math. 72(4) (2008) 627–646]). We extend this construction to Hurwitz numbers of all degrees simultaneously. The corresponding infinite-dimensional Cardy–Frobenius algebra is computed in terms of Young diagrams and bipartite graphs. This algebra turns out to be isomorphic to the algebra of differential operators introduced in [A. Mironov, A. Morozov and S. Natanzon, Cardy–Frobenius extension of algebra of cut-and-join operators, J. Geom. Phys. 73 (2012) 243–251, arXiv:1210.6955; A Hurwitz theory avatar of open-closed string, Eur. Phys. J. C 73(2) (2013) 1–10, arXiv:1208.5057], which serves a model for open-closed string theory. We prove that the operators corresponding to Young diagrams and bipartite graphs give rise to relations between Hurwitz numbers.
A new proof of Vassiliev's conjecture
Authors: Nikonov Igor 
Published: July 2014

In the paper [First-order invariants and cohomology of spaces of embeddings of self-intersecting curves in ℝn, Izv. Math. 69(5) (2005) 865–912] on finite type invariants of self-intersecting curves, Vassiliev conjectured a criterion of planarity of framed four-valent graphs, i.e. 4-graphs with an opposite edge structure at each vertex. The conjecture was proved by Manturov [A proof of Vassilievs conjecture on the planarity of singular links, Izv. Math. 69(5) (2005) 169–178]. We give here another proof of Vassiliev's planarity criterion of framed four-valent graphs (and more generally, (even) *-graphs), which is based on Pontryagin–Kuratowski theorem.
Computing Petaflops over Terabytes of Data
Authors: Fabregat-Traver Diego , Bientinesi Paolo 
Published: July 2014

In many scientific and engineering applications, one has to solve not one but multiple instances of the same problem. Often times, these problems are linked in a way that allows intermediate results to be reused. A characteristic example for this class of applications is given by the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), a widely spread tool in computational biology. GWAS entails the solution of up to trillions (10
12
) of correlated generalized least-squares problems, posing a daunting challenge: the performance of petaflops (10
15
floating-point operations) over terabytes (10
12
bytes) of data.

In this article, we design an algorithm for performing GWAS on multicore architectures. This is accomplished in three steps. First, we show how to exploit the relation among successive problems, thus reducing the overall computational complexity. Then, through an analysis of the required data transfers, we identify how to eliminate any overhead due to input/output operations. Finally, we study how to decompose computation into tasks to be distributed among the available cores, to attain high performance and scalability. With our algorithm, a GWAS that currently requires the use of a supercomputer may now be performed in matter of hours on a single multicore node.
The discussion centers around the methodology to develop the algorithm rather than the specific application. We believe this article contributes valuable guidelines of general applicability for computational scientists on how to develop and optimize numerical algorithms.
Algorithm 945
Authors: Belson Brandt A. , Tu Jonathan H. , Rowley Clarence W. 
Published: July 2014

We describe a new parallelized Python library for model reduction, modal analysis, and system identification of large systems and datasets. Our library, called modred, handles a wide range of problems and any data format.
The modred library contains implementations of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), balanced POD (BPOD) Petrov-Galerkin projection, and a more efficient variant of the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). The library contains two implementations of these algorithms, each with its own advantages. One is for smaller and simpler datasets, requires minimal knowledge to use, and follows a common matrix-based formulation. The second, for larger and more complicated datasets, preserves the abstraction of vectors as elements of a vector space and, as a result, allows the library to work with arbitrary data formats and eases distributed memory parallelization. We also include implementations of the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), and Observer/Kalman Filter Identification (OKID). These methods are typically not computationally demanding and are not parallelized. The library is designed to be easy to use, with an object-oriented design, and includes comprehensive automated tests. In almost all cases, parallelization is done internally so that scripts that use the parallelized classes can be run in serial or in parallel without any modifications.
Semi-automated text classification
Authors: Berardi Giacomo 
Published: July 2014

There is currently a high demand for information systems that automatically analyze textual data, since many organizations, both private and public, need to process large amounts of such data as part of their daily routine, an activity that cannot be performed by means of human work only. One of the answers to this need is text classification (TC), the task of automatically labelling textual documents from a domain D with thematic categories from a predefined set C. Modern text classification systems have reached high efficiency standards, but cannot always guarantee the labelling accuracy that applications demand. When the level of accuracy that can be obtained is insufficient, one may revert to processes in which classification is performed via a combination of automated activity and human effort.
One such process is semi-automated text classification (SATC), which we define as the task of ranking a set D of automatically labelled textual documents in such a way that, if a human annotator validates (i.e., inspects and corrects where appropriate) the documents in a top-ranked portion of D with the goal of increasing the overall labelling accuracy of D, the expected such increase is maximized. An obvious strategy is to rank D so that the documents that the classifier has labelled with the lowest confidence are top-ranked. In this dissertation we show that this strategy is suboptimal. We develop new utility-theoretic ranking methods based on the notion of validation gain, defined as the improvement in classification efectiveness that would derive by validating a given automatically labelled document. We also propose new effectiveness measures for SATC-oriented ranking methods, based on the expected reduction in classification error brought about by partially validating a ranked list generated by a given ranking method. We report the results of experiments showing that, with respect to the baseline method above, and according to the proposed measures, our utility-theoretic ranking methods can achieve substantially higher expected reductions in classification error. We therefore explore the task of SATC and the potential of our methods, in multiple text classification contexts.
This dissertation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to systematically address the task of semi-automated text classification.
Strong Convergence for Hybrid ImplicitS-Iteration Scheme of Nonexpansive and Strongly Pseudocontractive Mappings
Authors: Kang Shin Min , Rafiq Arif , Ali Faisal , Kwun Young Chel 
Published: July 2014

LetKbe a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banach spaceE, letS:K→Kbe nonexpansive, and let  T:K→Kbe Lipschitz strongly pseudocontractive mappings such thatp∈FS∩FT=x∈K:Sx=Tx=xandx-Sy≤Sx-Sy and x-Ty≤Tx-Tyfor allx, y∈K. Letβnbe a sequence in0, 1satisfying (i)∑n=1∞βn=∞; (ii)limn→∞⁡βn=0.For arbitraryx0∈K, letxnbe a sequence iteratively defined byxn=Syn, yn=1-βnxn-1+βnTxn, n≥1.Then the sequencexnconverges strongly to a common fixed pointpofSandT.
Context Predicts Word Order Processing in Broca's Region
Authors: Kristensen Line Burholt , Engberg-Pedersen Elisabeth , Wallentin Mikkel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) is highly disputed. A number of language processing studies have linked the region to the processing of syntactical structure. Still, there is little agreement when it comes to defining why linguistic structures differ in their effects on the L-IFG. In a number of languages, the processing of object-initial sentences affects the L-IFG more than the processing of subject-initial ones, but frequency and distribution differences may act as confounding variables. Syntactically complex structures (like the object-initial construction in Danish) are often less frequent and only viable in certain contexts. With this confound in mind, the L-IFG activation may be sensitive to other variables than a syntax manipulation on its own. The present fMRI study investigates the effect of a pragmatically appropriate context on the processing of subject-initial and object-initial clauses with the IFG as our ROI. We find that Danish object-initial clauses yield a higher BOLD response in L-IFG, but we also find an interaction between appropriateness of context and word order. This interaction overlaps with traditional syntax areas in the IFG. For object-initial clauses, the effect of an appropriate context is bigger than for subject-initial clauses. This result is supported by an acceptability study that shows that, given appropriate contexts, object-initial clauses are considered more appropriate than subject-initial clauses. The increased L-IFG activation for processing object-initial clauses without a supportive context may be interpreted as reflecting either reinterpretation or the recipients' failure to correctly predict word order from contextual cues.
The Behavioral and Neural Effects of Language on Motion Perception
Authors: Francken Jolien C. , Kok Peter , Hagoort Peter , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPerception does not function as an isolated module but is tightly linked with other cognitive functions. Several studies have demonstrated an influence of language on motion perception, but it remains debated at which level of processing this modulation takes place. Some studies argue for an interaction in perceptual areas, but it is also possible that the interaction is mediated by “language areas” that integrate linguistic and visual information. Here, we investigated whether language–perception interactions were specific to the language-dominant left hemisphere by comparing the effects of language on visual material presented in the right (RVF) and left visual fields (LVF). Furthermore, we determined the neural locus of the interaction using fMRI. Participants performed a visual motion detection task. On each trial, the visual motion stimulus was presented in either the LVF or in the RVF, preceded by a centrally presented word (e.g., “rise”). The word could be congruent, incongruent, or neutral with regard to the direction of the visual motion stimulus that was presented subsequently. Participants were faster and more accurate when the direction implied by the motion word was congruent with the direction of the visual motion stimulus. Interestingly, the speed benefit was present only for motion stimuli that were presented in the RVF. We observed a neural counterpart of the behavioral facilitation effects in the left middle temporal gyrus, an area involved in semantic processing of verbal material. Together, our results suggest that semantic information about motion retrieved in language regions may automatically modulate perceptual decisions about motion.