bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEM‐EDX and microftir studies on evaluation of protection capacity of some thin phosphate layers
Authors: Sandu Andrei Victor , Ciomaga Alexandra , Nemtoi Gheorghe , Bejinariu Costica , Sandu Ion 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article presents the SEM‐EDX and microFTIR study and the corrosion behavior of new five types of phosphated coatings obtained by coprecipitation in acid aqueous medium of some metal cations, pursuing the influence of the addition of other cations and a moderator of precipitation, on the uniformity and compactness of the layers and on the morphology of dendritic structure of Zn(II) and Fe(II) phosphates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochemistry of sialoglycoconjugates, lysozyme, and β‐defensin in eccrine glands of porcine snout skin as studied by electron microscopy
Authors: Fukui Kousuke , Yasui Tadashi , Gomi Hiroshi , Sugiya Hiroshi , Fujimori Osamu , Meyer Wilfried , Tsukise Azuma 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn most mammals except for humanoid primates, eccrine glands are confined to the skin of a series of specific body regions. Sialic acids and antimicrobial substances exhibit various functional properties and serve as a component of nonspecific defense against micro‐organisms, respectively. In this study, the distribution of these moieties was studied by electron microscopic histochemical methods. The eccrine glandular acini consisted of two types of dark cells as well as clear cells. The secretory granules and Golgi apparatus of both types of dark cells contained sialic acid residues linked to α2‐6Gal/GalNAc. On the other hand, sialoglycoconjugates with Siα2‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc sequence were confined to those of the Type II dark cells. In addition, lysozyme and β‐defensin were mainly detected in the secretory granules of the Type II dark cells. These secretory products may create a defensive barrier against microbial invasion and play an essential role in preservation of the integrity of porcine snout skin as a sensory organ. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cerebral spinal fluid suppression for diffusional kurtosis imaging
Authors: Yang Alicia W. , Jensen Jens H. , Hu Caixia C. , Tabesh Ali , Falangola Maria F. , Helpern Joseph A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) partial volume effect on diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics in white matter and cortical gray matter.Materials and Methods:Four healthy volunteers participated in this study. Standard DKI and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) DKI experiments were performed using a twice‐refocused‐spin‐echo diffusion sequence. The conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, D‖, D⟂) together with DKI metrics of mean, axial, and radial kurtosis (MK, K‖, K⟂), were measured and compared. Single image slices located above the lateral ventricles, with similar anatomical features for each subject, were selected to minimize the effect of CSF from the ventricles.Results:In white matter, differences of less than 10% were observed between diffusion metrics measured with standard DKI and FLAIR‐DKI sequences, suggesting minimal CSF contamination. For gray matter, conventional DTI metrics differed by 19% to 52%, reflecting significant CSF partial volume effects. Kurtosis metrics, however, changed by 11% or less, indicating greater robustness with respect to CSF contamination.Conclusion:Kurtosis metrics are less sensitive to CSF partial voluming in cortical gray matter than conventional diffusion metrics. The kurtosis metrics may then be more specific indicators of changes in tissue microstructure, provided the effect sizes for the changes are comparable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:365–371. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ift88 regulates Hedgehog signaling, Sfrp5 expression, and β‐catenin activity in post‐natal growth plate
Authors: Chang Ching‐Fang , Serra Rosa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrimary cilia are present on most cell types including chondrocytes. Dysfunction of primary cilia results in pleiotropic symptoms including skeletal dysplasia. Previously, we showed that deletion of Ift88 and subsequent depletion of primary cilia from chondrocytes resulted in disorganized columnar structure and early loss of growth plate. To understand underlying mechanisms whereby Ift88 regulates growth plate function, we compared gene expression profiles in normal and Ift88 deleted growth plates. Pathway analysis indicated that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was the most affected pathway in mutant growth plate. Expression of the Wnt antagonist, Sfrp5, was also down‐regulated. In addition, Sfrp5 was up‐regulated by Shh in rib chondrocytes and regulation of Sfrp5 by Shh was attenuated in mutant cells. This result suggests Sfrp5 is a downstream target of Hh and that Ift88 regulates its expression. Sfrp5 is an extracellular antagonist of Wnt signaling. We observed an increase in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling specifically in flat columnar cells of the growth plate in Ift88 mutant mice as measured by increased expression of Axin2 and Lef1 as well as increased nuclear localization of β‐catenin. We propose that Ift88 and primary cilia regulate expression of Sfrp5 and Wnt signaling pathways in growth plate via regulation of Ihh signaling. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 350–356, 2013
Adolescent perspectives on phase I cancer research
Authors: Miller Victoria A. , Baker Justin N. , Leek Angela C. , Hizlan Sabahat , Rheingold Susan R. , Yamokoski Amy D. , Drotar Dennis , Kodish Eric 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine adolescent patients' perspectives on their understanding and decision making about a pediatric Phase I cancer study.ProcedureParticipants included adolescents ages 14–21 years with cancer (N = 20), all of whom attended a Phase I study consent conference. Participants responded to closed‐ and open‐ended questions on a verbally administered structured interview, which assessed aspects of understanding and decision making about the Phase I study.ResultsAll participants decided to enroll in the Phase I study. The majority of participants understood that participation was voluntary, entailed risks, and that they could withdraw. Most also believed that participation in the Phase I study would increase the length of their lives. The most frequent reasons for enrolling were positive clinical benefit, needing an option, impact on quality of life, and few side effects or fewer than those of current or past treatments. Eighty‐five percent of participants reported that they themselves made the final decision about enrollment in the Phase I study.ConclusionsMost participants hoped or expected that the Phase I study would provide a direct benefit (increased survival time or cure) and reported that they themselves were the final decision‐maker about enrollment. Clinicians may underestimate the role of adolescents, especially if they believe that parents typically make such decisions. Future research should assess the actual participation of children and adolescents during the informed consent process and explore the role of hope in their decision making about Phase I studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 873–878. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine in the management of children with cancer‐related pain
Authors: Ruggiero Antonio , Coccia Paola , Arena Roberta , Maurizi Palma , Battista Andrea , Ridola Vita , Attinà Giorgio , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe current study investigated the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and compliance of a transdermal buprenorphine delivery system for the management of chronic cancer pain in the pediatric population.ProcedureSixteen pediatric patients with moderate to severe cancer‐related pain not satisfactorily controlled with previous non‐opioid therapies were enrolled. Transdermal buprenorphine was administered following a 72 hour schedule and rescue medication (tramadol) was allowed for breakthrough pain. Pain intensity was assessed using the Wong–Baker faces pain rating scale (WBS) and other parameters related to the global quality of life were evaluated. Children's evaluations of efficacy, compliance, and tolerability were recorded using numerical scales. Adverse events were monitored during the study and the medications needed to control opioid‐related nausea and constipation were recorded.ResultsEleven patients (68.75%) responded to transdermal buprenorphine after 2 weeks of treatment. Pain intensity measured with WBS decreased from 6.25 at baseline to 1.38 at Day +60 (P < 0.001). All outcome measures of global quality of life (quality of sleep, alimentation, play and activity, speech, and crying) significantly improved over the 60‐day study period. Children's evaluations of compliance and tolerability of the drug were always positive over the entire period of treatment. No severe adverse events were recorded. Opioid‐related nausea was well controlled with medication on request, and the need for laxative therapy was greater at the end of the second month of treatment.ConclusionsTransdermal buprenorphine was found to represent an efficient, safe and well tolerated approach to the management of children's chronic cancer pain. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 433–437. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auction‐based task allocation with trust management for shared sensor networks
Authors: Edalat Neda , Xiao Wendong , Motani Mehul , Roy Nirmalya , Das Sajal K. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTTask allocation for wireless sensor networks with multiple concurrent applications (such as target tracking and event detection) requires sharing applications' tasks (such as sensing and computation) and available network resources. In this paper, we model the distributed task allocation problem for multiple concurrent applications by using a reverse combinatorial auction, in which the bidders (sensor nodes) are supposed to bid cost values (according to their available resources) for accomplishing the subset of the applications' tasks. Trust management schemes consist of a powerful tool for the detection of unexpected node behaviors (such as faulty or malicious). It is critical for participants (i.e., bidders and auctioneer) to estimate each other's trustworthiness before initiating the task allocation procedure. To address this issue, we introduce a real‐time trust management module for our auction system that is able to validate the reliable bid value and determine faulty nodes and malicious entities. The main objective of our task allocation scheme is to maximize the network lifetime by sharing tasks and network resources within applications, while enhancing the overall application quality of service (e.g., deadline). We also propose a heuristic two‐phase winner determination protocol to deal with the combinatorial reverse auction problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme offers the promising performance and efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response of multistory reinforced concrete frame with vertical mass and stiffness irregularities
Authors: Varadharajan S. , Sehgal V. K. , Saini Babita 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIrregular buildings behave differently as compared with regular buildings. Seismic design codes have quantified the irregularities in terms of magnitude only ignoring the effect of irregularity location. In the present study, a single parameter to quantify mass, stiffness and strength irregularity in terms of both magnitude and location is proposed on the basis of the dynamic characteristics of the building. Furthermore, building models with different types of irregularity with variation in magnitude and location of irregularity are analyzed by subjecting them to an ensemble of 27 ground motions to create a seismic response databank. In the analysis, the torsional effects generated due to irregularities in the building systems (as per EC 8:2004 provisions) are included. On the basis of regression analysis conducted on this seismic response databank, equations to estimate seismic response parameters such as fundamental period, maximum roof displacement and maximum inter‐story drift ratio etc. are proposed for the irregular buildings in terms of the proposed irregularity index. Finally, applicability of the proposed equations is discussed in brief, and these equations are validated for 2D and 3D building models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of Conservative Treatment of 134 Cases of Umbilical Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Kareem Tayeb 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere are different opinions about the treatment of umbilical pilonidal sinus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of conservative treatment of this disease.MethodsAll patients with umbilical pilonidal sinus who attended our private surgical clinic in Erbil, Kurdistan, from January 1997 to August 2011, were treated by conservative treatment. Umbilectomy was performed for those who did not respond to the conservative treatment after three sessions.ResultsA total of 134 patients were seen; 121 (90.3 %) were men. Only 105 (78.35 %) patients came back for the second visit. Eighty of them (76.19 %) responded to the treatment. The other 25 (23.8 %) patients were retreated by a second session of conservative treatment. Of these 25 patients, 19 (76 %) came back for the third visit and only three (15.78 %) patients did not respond to the treatment. One patient insisted on umbilectomy. The other two patients were treated but did not respond to the third session treatment. Umbilectomy was performed for them. Hair was found in the sinus after excision in these three patients. The follow‐up period ranged from 9 months to 6.5 years for 46 (34.32 %) patients and revealed no recurrence.ConclusionsConservative treatment should be regarded as the first choice and the main method of treatment in the management of umbilical pilonidal sinus. Improper extraction of hair is the main cause of failure of conservative treatment. Recurrence can be prevented by giving the patients instructions on preventive measures.
The mechanism of the fecundity reduction in Callosobruchus maculatus caused by Callosobruchus chinensis males
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke , Nishida Takayoshi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMale promiscuity sometimes results in interspecific reproductive interaction, also known as reproductive interference. Reproductive interference entails costs for the individuals involved and affects the community structure by reducing the population growth rate. However, our understanding of the mechanisms generating reproductive interference is still insufficient. Two congeneric bean weevils, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus, show asymmetric reproductive interference; only C. chinensis males reduce the fecundity of the other species. Here we investigated the mechanism of reproductive interference by C. chinensis males on C. maculatus females in terms of lifetime fecundity. Callosobruchus chinensis males with ablated genitals, which could harass C. maculatus females but not copulate with them, did not reduce the C. maculatus fecundity, suggesting that interspecific copulation was necessary. However, a single interspecific copulation did not affect C. maculatus fecundity as long as the females also copulated with a conspecific male. Exposure to C. chinensis males for 24 h prior to oviposition significantly reduced C. maculatus fecundity, and fecundity was negatively correlated with the number of C. chinensis males the females were exposed to. Additionally, C. maculatus females experienced more interspecific copulations when they were housed with more C. chinensis males. Together these findings suggest that multiple interspecific copulations by C. chinensis males reduce the fecundity of C. maculatus females. Thus in general, even if a single interspecific copulation is apparently harmless, repeated interspecific copulations can be costly for the individuals involved. Furthermore, only by quantifying reproductive success were we able to identify the precise mechanism of reproductive interference.
Dynamic collision risk modeling under uncertainty
Authors: Belkhouche F. , Bendjilali B. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a probabilistic model for collision risk assessment between moving vehicles. The uncertainties in the states and the geometric variables obtained from the sensory system are characterized by probability density functions. Given the states and their uncertainties, the goal is to determine the probability of collision in a dynamic environment. Two approaches are discussed: (1) The virtual configuration space (VCS), and (2) the rates of change of the visibility angles. The VCS is a transformation of observer that reduces collision detection with a moving object to collision detection with a stationary object. This approach allows to create simple geometric collision cones. Error propagation models are used to solve the problem when going from the VCS to the configuration space. The second approach derives the collision conditions in terms of the rate of change of the limit visibility angles. The probability of collision is then calculated. A comparison between the two methods is carried out. Results are illustrated using simulation, including Monte Carlo simulation.
Total and fractionation metal contents obtained with sequential extraction procedures in a sediment core from Terra Nova Bay, West Antarctica
Authors: Casalino Claudia E. , Malandrino Mery , Giacomino Agnese , Abollino Ornella 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA suite of 21 elements, namely Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn, was investigated in a sediment core from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The experimental results were treated by chemometric techniques. The elemental composition of core H2 was found to be mainly dominated by terrigenous elements, but it is also influenced by biological factors, such as the presence of corals. No evidence of anthropogenic contamination was observed, even in the top layer of the sediment. Furthermore, the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to evaluate metal mobility and availability. The results confirmed the separation between higher and lower sections of the core and showed the presence of Fe as amorphous and crystalline oxide and of Mn mostly as nodules. The high percentages of metals extracted into the fourth fraction indicate their strong binding with the sediment matrix. Finally, BCR procedure was compared to Tessier's protocol which made it possible to distinguish between mobile and mobilizable fraction. Therefore, in general partitioning procedure must be chosen taking into account the nature of the sample and the aim of the research.
Mobile Decontamination Units—Room for Improvement?
Authors: Ribordy Pascale , Rocksén David , Dellgar Uno , Persson Sven-Åke , Arnoldsson Kristina , Ekåsen Hans , Häggbom Sune , Nerf Ola , Ljungqvist Åsa , Gryth Dan , Claesson Ola 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionMobile decontamination units are intended to be used at the accident site to decontaminate persons contaminated by toxic substances. A test program was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of mobile decontamination units.ObjectiveThe tests included functionality, methodology, inside environment, effects of wind direction, and decontamination efficacy.MethodsThree different types of units were tested during summer and winter conditions. Up to 15 test-persons per trial were contaminated with the imitation substances Purasolve ethyl lactate (PEL) and methyl salicylate (MES). Decontamination was carried out according to standardized procedures. During the decontamination trials, the concentrations of the substances inside the units were measured. After decontamination, substances evaporating from test-persons and blankets as well as remaining amounts in the units were measured.ResultsThe air concentrations of PEL and MES inside the units during decontamination in some cases exceeded short-term exposure limits for most toxic industrial chemicals. This was a problem, especially during harmful wind conditions, i.e., wind blowing in the same direction as persons moving through the decontamination units. Although decontamination removed a greater part of the substances from the skin, the concentrations evaporating from some test-persons occasionally were high and potentially harmful if the substances had been toxic. The study also showed that blankets placed in the units absorbed chemicals and that the units still were contaminated five hours after the end of operations.ConclusionsAfter decontamination, the imitation substances still were present and evaporating from the contaminated persons, blankets, and units. These results indicate a need for improvements in technical solutions, procedures, and training.RibordyP, RocksénD, DellgarU, PerssonS, ArnoldssonK, EkåsenH, HäggbomS, NerfO, LjungqvistA, GrythD, ClaessonO. Mobile decontamination units—room for improvement?. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1–7.
The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999–2006
Authors: Deshmukh-Taskar Priya , Nicklas Theresa A , Radcliffe John D , O'Neil Carol E , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignCross-sectional. Three breakfast groups were identified, breakfast skippers (BS), ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumers and other breakfast (OB) consumers, using a 24 h dietary recall. Risk factors were compared between the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted statistical procedures.SettingThe 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA.SubjectsYoung adults (20–39 years of age).ResultsAmong these young adults (n 5316), 23·8 % were BS, 16·5 % were RTEC consumers and 59·7 % were OB consumers. Relative to the BS, the RTEC consumers were 31 %, 39 %, 37 %, 28 %, 23 %, 40 % and 42 % less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol, reduced serum HDL-cholesterol or elevated serum insulin, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the BS were 1·24, 1·26 and 1·44 times more likely to have elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol or reduced serum HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the RTEC consumers were 22 %, 31 % and 24 % less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity or elevated blood pressure, respectively. No difference was seen in the prevalence of the MetS by breakfast skipping or type of breakfast consumed.ConclusionsResults suggest that consumption of breakfast, especially that included an RTEC, was associated with an improved cardiometabolic risk profile in US young adults. Additional studies are needed to determine the nature of these relationships.
GRADATIONAL ACCURACY AND NONCLASSICAL SEMANTICS
Authors: WILLIAMS J. ROBERT G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper gives a generalization of Jim Joyce’s 1998 argument for probabilism, dropping his background assumption that logic and semantics are classical. Given a wide variety of nonclassical truth-value assignments, Joyce-style arguments go through, allowing us to identify in each case a class of “nonclassically coherent” belief states. To give a local characterization of coherence, we need to identify a notion of logical consequence to use in an axiomatization. There is a very general, ‘no drop in truth-value’ characterization that will do the job. The result complements Paris’s 2001discussion of generalized forms of Dutch books appropriate to nonclassical settings.