bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence for individualized treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deisenhofer Isabel , Albenque Jean-Paul , Busch Sonia , Gitenay Edouard , Mountantonakis Stavros E. , Roux Antoine , Horvilleur Jerome , Bakouboula Babe , Oza Saumil , Abbey Selim , Theodore Guillaume , Lepillier Antoine , Guyomar Yves , Bessiere Francis , Jan Smit Jaap , Mohr Durdez Theophile , Milpied Paola , Appetiti Anthony , Guerrero Daniel , De Potter Tom , De Chillou Christian , Goldbarg Seth , Verma Atul , Hummel John D. ,   TAILORED-AF Investigators, Jan Smit Jaap , De Potter Tom , De Chillou Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has become the cornerstone ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF), the optimal ablation procedure for persistent and long-standing persistent AF remains elusive. Targeting spatio-temporal electrogram dispersion in a tailored procedure has been suggested as a potentially beneficial alternative to a conventional PVI-only procedure. In this multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, superiority trial, patients with drug-refractory persistent AF were randomly assigned to a tailored ablation procedure targeting areas of spatio-temporal dispersion, as detected by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, in addition to PVI (tailored arm, n = 187, 23% women) or to a conventional PVI-only procedure (anatomical arm, n = 183, 19% women). The primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from documented AF with or without antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months after a single ablation procedure. Secondary endpoints included freedom from any atrial arrhythmic events, and the secondary composite safety endpoint consisted of death, cerebrovascular events, or treatment-related serious adverse events. One year post-procedure, the trial met its primary efficacy endpoint, which was achieved in 88% of patients in the tailored arm compared with 70% of patients in the anatomical arm (log-rank P < 0.0001 for superiority). However, no significant difference between arms was observed for the freedom from any atrial arrhythmia endpoint after one ablation. The safety endpoint did not differ between arms, with procedure and ablation times being twice as long in the tailored arm. These results show that AI-guided ablation of spatio-temporal dispersion areas in addition to PVI is superior to PVI alone in eliminating AF at 1-year follow-up in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF. Ablation of subsequent organized atrial tachycardias may be needed to maintain sinus rhythm long term. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04702451.
Individual differences in wellbeing are supported by separable sets of co-active self- and visual-attention-related brain networks
Authors: Ma Yumeng , Skipper Jeremy I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How does the brain support ‘wellbeing’? Because it is a multidimensional construct, it is likely the product of multiple co-active brain networks that vary across individuals. This is perhaps why prior neuroimaging studies have found inconsistent anatomical associations with wellbeing. Furthermore, these used ‘laboratory-style’ or ‘resting-state’ methods not amenable to finding manifold networks. To address these issues, we had participants watch a full-length romantic comedy-drama film during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesised that individual differences in wellbeing measured before scanning would be correlated with individual differences in brain networks associated with ‘embodied’ and ‘narrative’ self-related processing. Indeed, searchlight spatial inter-participant representational similarity and subsequent analyses revealed seven sets of co-activated networks associated with individual differences in wellbeing. Two were ‘embodied self’ related, including brain regions associated with autonomic and affective processing. Three sets were ‘narrative self’ related, involving speech, language, and autobiographical memory-related regions. Finally, two sets of visual-attention-related networks emerged. These results suggest that the neurobiology of wellbeing in the real world is supported by diverse but functionally definable and separable sets of networks. This has implications for psychotherapy where individualised interventions might target, e.g., neuroplasticity in language-related narrative over embodied self or visual-attentional related processes.
Dual observers based sliding mode control for QUAVs with unknown disturbances and time varying delays
Authors: Liang Chuanfu , Ding Yuanchun , Weng Falu , Chen Weidong , Li Jiawei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-observers-based nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control scheme for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (QUAVs) with unknown disturbances and time-varying delays. Firstly, to facilitate the controller design, the QUAVs model is decoupled into two subsystems: position subsystem and attitude subsystem. Secondly, for the position subsystem, a sliding mode controller is presented to control the position of the QUAVs. For the attitude subsystem, by introducing an exponential term, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller is obtained to ensure the fast convergence of the attitude angles. Moreover, based on the exponential term, the singularity problem of the conventional terminal sliding mode is solved. Thirdly, the disturbance and time-varying delay observers are presented by considering the time-varying delayed signals and unknown disturbances. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated by some computer simulations.
Combined loss of brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R leads to impaired fear retrieval due to perineuronal net loss
Authors: Mueller-Buehl Cornelius , Pakusch Johanna , Bader Verian , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Mark Melanie D. , Faissner Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), addiction and spinal cord injuries, restricted synaptic plasticity hinders the formation of new neuronal connections, preventing the compensation and treatment of adverse behaviors. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) significantly restrict synaptic plasticity by inhibiting synapse formation. The digestion of PNNs has been associated with short-term cognitive improvements and reduced long-term memory, offering potential therapeutic benefits in PTSD. This study investigates the correlation between PNNs and fear memory processes in extracellular matrix (ECM) mutant mice, particularly focusing on the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit, which is crucial for fear memory generation and maintenance. Fear conditioning was conducted on mice lacking four key ECM-molecules: brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R (4x KO). These mice exhibited severe impairments in memory consolidation, as evident by their inability to retrieve previously learned fear memories, coupled with reduced PNN density and disturbed synaptic integrity along their PNNs. Additionally, changes in neural activity in the basolateral amygdala (BL) and reductions in VGAT+ synaptic puncta in the amygdala-mPFC circuit were observed. In contrast, tenascin single KOs showed intact fear behavior and memory compared to their control groups. Impaired fear memory consolidation can be advantageous in certain conditions, such as PTSD, making the 4x KO mice an intriguing model for future fear conditioning studies and highlighting brevican, neurocan, Tnc, and Tnr as compelling targets for further investigation. This study underscores the significance of ECM regulation for synaptic organization and the potential of PNN modulation as a therapeutic target for fear memory-related conditions.
Pan-serological antibodies and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis
Authors: Watling Cody Z. , Hua Xing , Petrick Jessica L. , Zhang Xuehong , Do Whitney L. , Wang Limin , Maestri Evan , Yu Kai , Wang Xin Wei , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, studies have reported that pan-viral serology signatures may be predictive for liver cancer development. However, whether these same findings are observed for prospective studies has not been previously investigated. The nested case-control analysis included 191 persons who developed liver cancer and 382 controls from the PLCO prospective cohort. The presence of circulating antibodies, measured by VirScan, was determined in serum samples obtained at study recruitment. The presence of antibodies was compared between cases and controls using multivariable conditional logistic regressions, and prediction models were used to estimate whether exposures predicted liver cancer development. No significant associations were found between antibodies to viruses, bacteria or allergens and liver cancer risk after adjustment for multiple testing. The agent most significantly associated with risk was hepatitis C virus (HCV), but it was only detected among 23 participants (odds ratio (OR): 3.98; 95% confidence intervals (CI):1.59–9.99; p = 0.0032, False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 0.35). In prediction models based on 109 antibody features, no associations with liver cancer risk were observed (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.52–0.54). In analyses restricted to the most common type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, the association with HCV was stronger (OR: 23.16, 95% CI: 4.55-117.68; FDR p-value = 0.0016), although prediction models based on all detected antibodies were similar (AUC = 0.55; 95% CI:0.43–0.68). Antibodies to no infectious agents, other than HCV, were found to be prospectively associated with liver cancer risk. The utility of using an antibody exposure signature prospectively for liver cancer development needs to be further explored.
Piceatannol and its analogues alleviate Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis by targeting β-lactamase biofilms and α-hemolysin
Authors: Wang Guizhen , Wen Jingyao , Tian Zizeng , Zhou Hanbing , Peng Xinli , Zhang Peigang , Li Zhandong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
β-Lactamases, biofilms and toxins pose challenges for combating S. aureus infection. Thus, identifying inhibitors that can restore bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, destroy biofilms, and antitoxins is a promising way to develop alternative agents. In this study, we found that piceatannol (pit), along with its analogues resveratrol (ret) and pterostilbene (pts) bind with β-lactamase to inhibit its activity, and 96TYR, 58ILE and 66LYS were identified as the critical binding residues. Pit and pts reduced the ampicillin (Amp) and gentamicin (Gm) MICs against S. aureus and enhanced the bactericidal ability of Amp. Pit and its analogues inhibited the formation of S. aureus USA300. In addition, the pit analogues bound with α-hemolysin and suppressed the hemolysis activity of the bacterial culture supernatant. The mechanism analysis revealed that pit exhibited multiple potential binding modes with α-hemolysin. Pit significantly decreased the cytotoxicity and the adherence effect mediated by S. aureus and increased the survival rate of Galleria mellonella that infected with S. aureus, the pathological tissue damage of Galleria mellonella was alleviated by treatment with pit alone or in combination with Amp. Taken together, our findings identify promising compounds for the development of S. aureus infection inhibitors.
Population shift in antibody immunity following the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern
Authors: Bhiman Jinal N. , Madzorera Vimbai Sharon , Mkhize Qiniso , Scheepers Cathrine , Hermanus Tandile , Ayres Frances , Makhado Zanele , Moyo-Gwete Thandeka , Crowther Carol , Singh Beverley , Fortuin Mirriam , Marinda Edmore , Jooste Sean , Zuma Khangelani , Zungu Nompumelelo , Morris Lynn , Puren Adrian , Simbayi Leickness , Moyo Sizulu , Moore Penny L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) exhibit escape from pre-existing immunity and elicit variant-specific immune responses. In South Africa, the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections was driven by the Beta VOC, which coincided with the country-wide National COVID-19 Antibody Survey (NCAS). The NCAS was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 to understand the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection through seroprevalence. We evaluated 649 NCAS sera for spike binding and pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies. We classified individuals as ancestral or D614G neutralizers (114/649), Beta neutralizers (96/649), double neutralizers (375/649) or non-neutralizers (62/649). We observed a consistent decrease in preferential neutralization against the D614G variant from 68 to 18% of individuals over the four sampling months. Concurrently, samples with equivalent neutralization of both variants, or with enhanced neutralization of the Beta variant, increased from 32 to 82% of samples. Neutralization data showed that geometric mean titers (GMTs) against D614G dropped 2.4-fold, while GMTs against Beta increased 2-fold during this same period. A shift in population humoral immunity in favor of Beta-directed or cross-neutralizing antibody responses, paralleled the increase in genomic frequency of the Beta variant in South Africa. Understanding similar population immunity shifts could elucidate immunity gaps that drive SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Actively forming microbial mats provide insight into the development of microdigitate stromatolites
Authors: Makk Judit , Németh Ábel Csongor , Tóth Erika , Németh Péter , Kovács Ivett , Demény Attila , Sipos György , Borsodi Andrea K. , Lange-Enyedi Nóra Tünde 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stromatolites can be traced back to ∼3.5 billion years. They were widespread in the shorelines of ancient oceans and seas. However, they are uncommon nowadays, and basic information is lacking about how these unique carbonate structures developed. Here we study the unusually thick (3–5 cm) biofilms of the 79.2 °C outflow from Köröm thermal well (Hungary) and demonstrate that its microbial mat – carbonate architecture is similar to fossilized microdigitate stromatolites. Our observations reveal vertically oriented fibrous mineral fabrics, typical of stromatolites, in the red biofilm and clotted mesostructures, typical of thrombolites, in the green biofilm. These layers contain carbonate peloids and show network structures, formed by filamentous microbes. The 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing implies that numerous undescribed taxa may contribute to the carbonate mineralisation. The biofilms abundantly contain the phyla Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota and Cyanobacteria. Geitlerinema PCC-8501 and Raineya are characteristic for the green biofilm, whereas uncultured Oxyphotobacteria, unc. Saprospiraceae and unc. Cytophagales are abundant in the red biofilm. A hydrogen-oxidizing Hydrogenobacter within the phylum Aquificota and unclassified Bacteria together with the phylum Deinococcota dominate the water and carbonate samples. The morphological structure and taxonomic composition of Köröm biofilm is a unique representation of the development processes of microbialite formations.
Renewable export cost index as an indicator of global renewable energy trade potential
Authors: Kan Xiaoming , Reichenberg Lina , Hedenus Fredrik , Daniels David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Renewable energy resources are widely available, yet they are unevenly distributed globally. In a renewable future, countries lacking high-quality renewable resources may choose to import energy from other countries. To assess the resource-dependent and techno-economic basis for global renewable energy trade and identify potential importers and exporters, this study introduces two new metrics: Renewable Export Cost Index (Cost Index) and Renewable Export Volume Index (Volume Index). These metrics are computed based on regional resource potential, domestic energy demand and varying financial costs across countries, without the need for any energy system modeling. By applying these two metrics to 165 countries/regions, we identify countries with significant potential for exporting renewable energy (e.g., the US, China) and those that lack the domestic resources to satisfy demand (e.g., South Korea, Japan). The Cost Index and Volume Index are validated through a separate analysis, employing a comprehensive energy system model for each country/region.
Multimodal objective assessment of impulsivity in healthy and mood disorder participants
Authors: Lamichhane Bishal , Moukaddam Nidal , Salas Ramiro , Goodman Wayne , Sabharwal Ashutosh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Impulsivity represents an individual’s tendency to act on urges without sufficient forethought. Heightened impulsivity is a hallmark of many mental health disorders. Objective impulsivity assessments could improve risk evaluation, diagnosis, and behavioral outcome monitoring in impulsivity-related health disorders. Towards objective impulsivity assessment, in this work, we identify impulsivity correlates in objective measurements, investigate their complementarity, and contrast impulsivity mechanisms across health conditions. We analyzed behavioral tests, heart rate variability (HRV), and fMRI-based brain connectivity in 227 healthy participants and 34 participants with mood disorders. Impulsivity dimensions had complementary correlates in objective measurements, with fMRI providing the strongest correlates. Multimodal assessment provided high r-squared (adjusted) values in modeling impulsivity of the mood disorder participants (e.g., r-squared of 0.73, p < 0.001 for attentional impulsivity) but low r-squared for healthy participants (the best r-squared being 0.17, p < 0.001 for sensation seeking impulsivity). The differing association between impulsivity dimensions across the two populations likely indicates a health condition-specific impulsivity mechanism across populations. The complementary nature of objective impulsivity correlates across populations demonstrates the distributed signature of multidimensional impulsivity, likely capturing the complexity of behavioral modeling.
Effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on electrical conductivity of polypropylene composite for nuclear cable insulation
Authors: Liu Baixin , Gao Yu , Guo Chenyi , Li Jing , Chen Yu , Gao Junguo , Du Boxue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on the electrical conductivity of polypropylene (PP) composites has been studied. The samples are prepared using PP and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomer with contents ranging from 0 wt% to 50 wt%, and exposed to Cobalt‐60 gamma irradiation, with a dose from 0 to 250 kGy. Electrical conductivities at different temperatures and trap distributions are measured to observe the deterioration of insulation performance. The microstructure of the sample is estimated using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results demonstrate a correlation between the increase in electrical conductivity and the elevation in both total dose and temperature. At 250 kGy, the trap distribution tends to become shallower, accompanied by a decrease in crystallinity, melting and decomposition temperatures of the sample. The PP composite exhibits better stability against irradiation and thermal effects, primarily due to the cross‐linked structures formed by irradiation.
Synthesis and characterisation of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 ${\text{Cu}}_{\mathbf{0.5}}{\text{Mg}}_{\mathbf{0.5}}{\text{Fe}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{4}}$ nanoparticles doped with cadmium by co‐precipitation method for acetonitrile, acetone, and ethanol gas detection with deep learning‐based methods
Authors: Ghasemi Alireza , Ashourian Mohsen , Amiri Gholam Reza 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, a magnetic disk was prepared using nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 15 nm. The morphological and structural characteristics of these nanoparticles were systematically examined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and alternating force gradient magnetometry (AGFM). XRD analysis confirmed that the average diameter of the copper–magnesium ferrite nanoparticles doped with cadmium was approximately 12 nm, consistent with TEM results, which also showed uniform particle distribution and a tendency to form clusters in powdered form. AGFM measurements revealed that the magnetic property of the powder sample was 15.83 emu/g, which increased to 22.70 emu/g after compression, highlighting the influence of particle density and morphology on magnetic behaviour. Gas sensing tests demonstrated that the fabricated sensors achieved exceptional sensitivity, particularly to acetonitrile, with a maximum sensitivity of 92.3%. A hybrid deep learning model, Bi‐LSTM, was utilised to enhance the precision of gas classification. The proposed methodology was benchmarked against traditional machine learning models, including LSTM and RNN, and demonstrated superior performance. The accuracy of gas detection reached an impressive 99.89%, as validated by ROC analysis, underscoring the efficacy of the deep learning‐based approach. These findings highlight the potential of cadmium‐doped ferrite nanoparticles for high‐performance gas sensing applications, suitable for both industrial and medical uses.
Konventionelle vs. CT-Daten-basierte 3-dimensionale Vermessung von Nasenseptumdefekten
Authors: Heimbach Cedric , Velten Benjamin , Neumann Andreas 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungNasenseptumdefekte (NSD) können zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität führen. Ist der operative Verschluss aufgrund von Defektgröße, -lage oder individueller Kontraindikationen nicht möglich, stehen Septumobturatoren zur Verfügung. Die Erfassung der Defektkonfiguration kann analog per Silikonabdruck und digital anhand eines präoperativen CTs erfolgen. Ziel dieser Studie ist der Vergleich dieser beiden Methoden.Retrospektiv wurden 500 Patienten mit symptomatischen NSD analysiert. Erfasst wurden u.a. Größe und Lage des Defekts, Art des operativen Verschlusses und die Verschlussrate bei operativem Verschluss. Bei 19 Patienten war es möglich, die mit einem konventionellen Abdruck ermittelte Defektgröße und Form mit CT-basierten Daten zu vergleichen. Dazu wurde der Silikonabdruck in ein Gipsmodell überführt und in einem Modellscanner digitalisiert. Die CT-Daten wurden ebenfalls in ein 3D-Modell konvertiert und die Defektgröße ermittelt. Durch dieses Verfahren war ein Vergleich bis auf den hundertstel Millimeter möglich.Die Auswertung der NSD der 19 Patienten und der Vergleich der Ergebnisse von analogen Silikonabformungen und präoperativen CTs zeigten Abweichungen in 8 von 19 Fällen kleiner 10% und in 13 von 19 Fällen kleiner 20%, wobei die Abweichung bei größeren Defekten tendenziell geringer ausfiel. Größere Abweichungen lagen vor allem bei zeitlich längeren Abständen zwischen Abformung und CT vor.Die auf CT-Daten basierte Vermessung von NSD kommt vor allem bei zeitnah erfolgten CTs und größeren Defekten zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen wie die anhand von Silikonabdrücken erfolgten Messungen. Weitere klinische Studien sollten untersuchen, ob anhand von CT-Daten erstellte iSO zu einer ähnlichen klinischen Patientenakzeptanz führen.