bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Analogues of 4,5‐Dihydroorotic Acid
Authors: Sukach Volodymyr A. , Resetnic Anastasia A. , Tkachuk Viktor M. , Lin Zhengguo , Kortz Ulrich , Vovk Mykhailo V. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: January 2015

Abstract4‐(Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones react with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst to give Michael‐like 1,4‐conjugate hydrocyanation adducts exclusively at the 3,6‐positions. The resulting 2‐oxo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐4‐carbonitriles have been used to synthesize new trifluoromethylated 4,5‐dihydroorotic acid analogues and their esters in racemic as well as enantiopure forms by a chiral auxiliary approach. The orthogonal intramolecular C–F···C=O interaction between the fluorine atom of the CF3 group and the carbon atom of the ester group observed in the crystal state may stabilize the sterically unfavourable conformation of the methyl 2‐oxo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidine‐4‐carboxylate molecule with axially oriented substituents.
From Amino Acids to Fluorine‐Containing Carbohydrates: De Novo Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐Fluoroxylose and ‐lyxose
Authors: Albler Christopher , Schmid Walther 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFluorine‐containing amino sugars are highly interesting synthetic targets owing to their promising applications in medicinal chemistry. However, only a few concise approaches for their preparation are described. Herein, we wish to report on a titanium‐mediated aldol addition strategy for the preparation of 2‐amino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐4‐fluoropentoses. Our earlier reports on the application of serine‐ and threonine‐derived aldehydes in this reaction are now complemented by the corresponding cysteine analogues. Furthermore, a new deprotection sequence for the fluorohydrin aldol products has been developed by applying a photochemical Pummerer‐type rearrangement followed by acidic cleavage of the monothioacetals obtained, finally furnishing 2‐acetamido‐2,4‐dideoxy‐4‐fluoro‐D‐xylose and ‐lyxose in a four‐step synthetic sequence. Moreover, we found that the cysteine‐derived aldehydes behave differently in aldol reactions compared with their serine and threonine analogues.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective C‐Glycosylation of Glycals with Sodium Arylsulfinates
Authors: Ma Jimei , Xiang Shaohua , Jiang Hong , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn efficient glycosylation method to synthesize 2‐deoxy‐C‐aryl glycosides was developed. This C‐glycosylation strategy is based on a palladium‐catalyzed desulfitative Ferrier‐type coupling reaction of glycals and sodium arylsulfinates. A series of C‐aryl glycosides were obtained in moderate to good yields with exclusive regio‐ and stereoselectivities. The anomeric selectivity was found to depend on the configuration of the C3 substituent of the glycals.
Dynamic FE simulation of four‐story steel frame modeled by solid elements and its validation using results of full‐scale shake‐table test
Authors: Miyamura Tomoshi , Yamashita Takuzo , Akiba Hiroshi , Ohsaki Makoto 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDynamic finite element analyses of a four‐story steel building frame modeled as a fine mesh of solid elements are performed using E‐Simulator, which is a parallel finite element analysis software package for precisely simulating collapse behaviors of civil and building structures. E‐Simulator is under development at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Japan. A full‐scale shake‐table test for a four‐story frame was conducted using E‐Defense at NIED, which is the largest shaking table in the world. A mesh of the entire structure of a four‐story frame with approximately 19 million degrees of freedom is constructed using solid elements. The density of the mesh is determined by referring to the results of elastic–plastic buckling analyses of a column of the frame using meshes of different densities. Therefore, the analysis model of the frame is well verified. Seismic response analyses under 60, 100, and 115% excitations of the JR Takatori record of the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu earthquake are performed. Note that the simulation does not reproduce the collapse under the 100% excitation of the Takatori record in the E‐Defense test. Therefore, simulations for the 115% case are also performed. The results obtained by E‐Simulator are compared with those obtained by the E‐Defense full‐scale test in order to validate the results obtained by E‐Simulator. The shear forces and interstory drift angles of the first story obtained by the simulation and the test are in good agreement. Both the response of the entire frame and the local deformation as a result of elastic–plastic buckling are simulated simultaneously using E‐Simulator. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nicht vergessen …
Authors: Güntürkün Onur 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIm Alltag ist der Mensch ständig mit Situationen konfrontiert, in denen früher Gelerntes nicht mehr gültig ist — Psychologen sprechen vom „Extinktionslernen”︁. Die damit verbundenen Mechanismen auf Verhaltens‐, Hirn‐ und Immunebene am Beispiel von Tauben und Menschen zu verstehen, fordert den Scharfsinn der Forscher heraus — und könnte langfristig auch der Therapie von Angstpatienten zugutekommen.
Gesucht: Wissensbasierte Antworten
Authors: Visbeck Martin , Schmalzbauer Bettina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractZur Lösung der drängenden globalen Umweltfragen setzt „Future Earth”︁ auf internationale Zusammenarbeit, interdisziplinäre Forschungskooperationen und vernetzte Grundlagenforschung — Leitgedanken eines neuen Forschungsprogramms
Magische Präsenz
Authors: von den Hoff Ralf 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVerehrt und bekränzt, aber auch verleumdet, umgestaltet und zerstört: Porträtstatuen von Herrschern und Denkern waren im antiken Griechenland ein wichtiger Teil der kulturellen, sozialen und auch politischen Kommunikation. Ein deutsch‐französisches Forschungsprojekt von Klassischen Archäologen, Althistorikern und Epigrafikern nimmt nun den entsprechend facettenreichen Umgang mit den Bildnissen in den Blick.
Price‐to‐Earnings Ratios and Option Prices
Authors: Chua Ansley , DeLisle R. Jared , Feng Sze‐Shiang , Lee Bong Soo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn May of 1997, in the midst of the Internet bubble, the average month end P/E ratio for the software industry was 44. However, the 5‐year historical average was 31. In this study, we examine the effect of this industry value fluctuation on the effects of option prices. We examine the relationship between the level of relative valuation and option pricing via deviations in put‐call parity and a two‐factor option pricing model incorporating relative valuation. We find support that the increase in relative industry valuation Granger causes put‐call parity deviations, implying investors price options with greater expectation of downward movement. Additionally, we develop a model and find support that the two‐factor option pricing model that incorporates relative industry valuation prices options better than the standard Black–Scholes (1973) model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:738–752, 2015
Neuroticism scores increase with late‐life cognitive decline
Authors: Waggel Stephanie E. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Delbaere Kim , Kochan Nicole A. , Draper Brian , Andrews Gavin , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveNeuroticism has been reported as both a risk factor for cognitive decline and a characteristic that increases in parallel with the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, the evidence for these associations is inconclusive, and whether effects are stronger for particular cognitive domains is unknown. We investigated these issues and determined if associations differ among different components of neuroticism.MethodsA neuroticism scale (NEO‐FFI) and neuropsychological test battery were administered to 603 older adults without dementia, with 493 of these reassessed two years later. Diagnoses of MCI and dementia (at follow‐up) were made, and global cognition and performance in six cognitive domains quantified. The neuroticism components were negative affect, self‐reproach, and proneness to psychological distress.ResultsFor the whole sample, neuroticism scores remained stable between baseline (15.3 ± 7.0) and follow‐up (15.5 ± 7.0), as did all neuroticism component scores. However, there were declines in global cognition (p < 0.05) and particular cognitive domains (p < 0.001). Higher neuroticism was associated with poorer cognition cross‐sectionally (p < 0.01), but did not predict cognitive decline. For 43 participants who developed incident MCI or dementia, there were increases in neuroticism (15.3 ± 6.4 to 17.1 ± 8.3, p < 0.05) and negative affect (p < 0.05). Declines in all cognitive measures except executive function were associated with increases in neuroticism and component scores (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLate‐life cognitive decline is associated with an increase in neuroticism scores. However, associations vary between different cognitive domains and components of neuroticism. An increase in neuroticism or negative affect scores may be a sign of MCI or dementia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New double‐layer design for 1‐stage repair of orocutaneous and pharyngocutaneous fistulae in patients with postoperative irradiated head and neck cancer
Authors: Sadigh Parviz L. , Wu Cheng‐Jung , Feng Wen‐Jui , Hsieh Ching‐Hua , Jeng Seng‐Feng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe development of a postoperative orocutaneous fistula (OCF) or pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in the irradiated tissues of patients with head and neck cancer represents a high burden of morbidity for the patient. With high postoperative recurrence rates, these fistulae result in a reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. In this study, we propose a new double‐layer design to successfully repair these fistulae in a 1‐stage reconstruction.MethodsTwelve patients with an average age of 56 years (range, 45–67 years) were operated on between January 2006 and December 2012 using this double‐layer single‐stage technique. All patients had received postoperative radiotherapy after their initial reconstruction. A circumferential turnover flap was designed and raised from the skin surrounding the fistula to recreate inner lining using a tension‐free, water‐tight repair. No debridement of the fistula itself was performed. The second‐layer of the reconstruction, which represents the outer lining, was achieved with either a local or a free flap.ResultsFistula size ranged from 0.8 × 0.5 cm to 3 × 3.2 cm with a mean size of 2 cm2. The outer lining was achieved using a free flap in 5 cases and a local flap in 7 cases. All the flaps survived completely with no cases of postoperative infection, however, 1 case was complicated by mandibular plate exposure necessitating its removal. No major complication or recurrence has yet been encountered in any of our patients with a mean follow‐up of 28 months (range, 12–78 months).ConclusionThis 1‐stage double‐layer design can provide a reliable and relatively straightforward means of repairing OCF and PCF in the irradiated tissues of patients with head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E353–E359, 2016
Head and neck free flap surgical site infections in the era of the Surgical Care Improvement Project
Authors: Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Deschler Daniel G. , Rich Debbie L. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin S. , Rocco James W. , Durand Marlene L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundCompliance with Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) parameters regarding antibiotic prophylaxis may affect surgical site infection rates. The purpose of this study was for us to report SCIP compliance, surgical site infection rates, and risk factors in a large series of head and neck free flap surgeries.MethodsA retrospective review of 480 free flap cases was performed. Surgical site infections occurring within 30 days postoperatively were noted.ResultsSurgical site infection occurred in 13.3% of cases. Prophylaxis was given in 99.8% of cases; ampicillin‐sulbactam (83%) and clindamycin (9%) were most common. Prophylaxis was “on‐time” in 92.3% of cases. There were no significant associations between surgical site infection and tumor stage, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, tumor subsite, or flap type. Prior radiation was a risk factor for surgical site infection in patients treated for malignancy.ConclusionA surgical site infection rate of 13.3% was noted. In this cohort, with a compliance rate with prophylactic antibiotic measures, prior radiation was found to be a risk factor only in patients with cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E392–E398, 2016
Oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men with anal squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Prendes Brandon L. , Wang Steven J. , Groppo Eli R. , Eisele David W. , Palefsky Joel M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the association between oral and anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.MethodsOral and anal samples from 66 men who have sex with men with a history of HPV‐related anogenital squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and typed for 38 HPV types.ResultsPrevalence of oral HPV infection was 30%, versus 82% for anal infection. Prevalence of oral and anal high‐risk HPV infection was 11% and 64%, respectively. Concurrent oral–anal any‐type HPV infection was found in 26% of participants, whereas concordant type‐specific HPV prevalence was 5%. In multivariate analysis, number of partners from whom the participant received oral–penile sex and number of partners on whom the participant performed oral–penile sex were associated with oral HPV infection.ConclusionOral HPV prevalence in this cohort is high, however, concordant type‐specific oral–anal HPV infection was rare. Increased risk of oral HPV infection was associated with oral–penile sex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E399–E405, 2016
Frequency and pattern of central lymph node metastasis in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid isthmus
Authors: Song Chang Myeon , Lee Dong Won , Ji Yong Bae , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Park Jung Hwan , Tae Kyung 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and pattern of central lymph node metastasis in isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsWe compared the clinical and pathological data of 45 patients with a single isthmic PTC and 149 patients with a single PTC located in the unilateral thyroid lobe, all of whom underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central neck dissection.ResultsThe rates of clinical, pathologic, and occult central lymph node metastasis were higher in the isthmus group than the non‐isthmus group. Central lymph node metastasis in the pretracheal and bilateral paratracheal lymph nodes was more frequent in the isthmic PTC group than in the non‐isthmus group. On multivariate analysis, isthmic location of the tumor was an independent risk factor for central lymph node metastasis.ConclusionComplete bilateral central neck dissection should be considered for isthmic PTC because of the high rate of bilateral central lymph node metastasis, especially to pretracheal and bilateral paratracheal lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E412–E416, 2016
Overt and occult vidian canal involvement in juvenile angiofibroma and its possible impact on recurrence
Authors: Thakar Alok , Hota Ashutosh , Bhalla Ashu Seth , Gupta Siddharth Datta , Sarkar Chitra , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPostexcision residual disease in the vidian canal is speculated to contribute to recurrence in juvenile angiofibroma.MethodsWe composed a prospective cohort of 16 consecutive patients with juvenile angiofibroma (stages IIA–IIIB). The presurgical vidian canal assessment was done by contrast‐enhanced CT (1.2 mm collimation). At surgery after complete tumor excision, the vidian canal tissue was sampled for histology. Postexcision drilling of the vidian canal was done in 8 of 15 patients to remove microscopic residual disease, with a 24 to 48 month follow‐up period.ResultsPresurgical radiology indicated ipsilateral vidian canal enlargement (≥3 mm)/destruction in 13 of 16 patients. Radiologically occult involvement was documented only by histology in another 1 of 16 patients. Postexcision sampling of the vidian canal noted microscopic residual tumor in 3 of 15 patients. No recurrences were noted in 8 cases (0 of 8) with postexcision drilling of the vidian canal and 2 recurrences in 7 cases (2 of 7) with no drilling (p = .20).ConclusionVidian canal involvement in juvenile angiofibroma is almost universal (14 of 16) and may be occult to CT evaluation. The site may harbor microscopic residual tumor after seemingly complete excision. Surgical attention toward it may reduce recurrences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E421–425, 2016
Assessing Hydrus‐2D to Simulate Soil Water Content (SWC) and Salt Accumulation Under an SDI System: Application to a Potato Crop in a Semi‐Arid Area of Central Tunisia
Authors: Mguidiche A. , Provenzano G. , Douh B. , Khila S. , Rallo G. , Boujelben A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper the suitability of the HYDRUS‐2D model to simulate volumetric soil water content in the root zone of a potato crop under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is initially assessed on the basis of a field study. Then, considering that the crop is moderately sensitive to soil salinity, the model is tested to predict the salt distribution around a buried emitter, when two different water qualities (i.e. electrical conductivity of 1.0 and 4.0 dS m‐1) are used during the growing season (treatments T1 and T2). Finally, the soil volume in which salt accumulates is distinguished by the model for the two treatments, for which the respective yields are not significantly different.The results showed that in the root zone, simulated and measured soil water content (SWC) are fairly close. HYDRUS‐2D well enough predicts the average salt concentration in the soil and evaluates the dynamic of mass‐conservative solutes around buried emitters. In both treatments, the salt concentration resulted in an increase in the wetting bulb, with a maximum located towards the edge of the wetting bulb and near the soil surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress linked to activation of TNF‐α/caspase‐8/p38‐MAPK signaling in human leukemia cells
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sourav , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Tripathy Satyajit , Das Balaram , Kar Mahapatra Santanu , Pramanik Panchanan , Roy Somenath 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular signaling transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles in cancer cells. Activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has some therapeutic benefits in arresting the growth of cancer cells. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO NPs) are an interesting compound for oxidative cancer therapy. Our results showed that CoO NPs elicited a significant (P <0.05) amount of ROS in cancer cells. Co‐treatment with N‐aceyltine cystine (an inhibitor of ROS) had a protective role in cancer cell death induced by CoO NPs. In cultured cells, the elevated level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) was noted after CoO NPs treatment. This TNF‐α persuaded activation of caspase‐8 followed by phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and induced cell death. This study showed that CoO NPs induced oxidative stress and activated the signaling pathway of TNF‐α‐Caspase‐8‐p38‐Caspase‐3 to cancer cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Novel Clinical Surrogates to Assess Human Bone Fracture Toughness
Authors: Granke Mathilde , Makowski Alexander J , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Does Mark D , Nyman Jeffry S 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Fracture risk does not solely depend on strength but also on fracture toughness; ie, the ability of bone material to resist crack initiation and propagation. Because resistance to crack growth largely depends on bone properties at the tissue level, including collagen characteristics, current X-ray based assessment tools may not be suitable to identify age-related, disease-related, or treatment-related changes in fracture toughness. To identify useful clinical surrogates that could improve the assessment of fracture resistance, we investigated the potential of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and reference point indentation (RPI) to explain age-related variance in fracture toughness. Harvested from cadaveric femurs (62 human donors), single-edge notched beam (SENB) specimens of cortical bone underwent fracture toughness testing (R-curve method). NMR-derived bound water showed the strongest correlation with fracture toughness properties (r = 0.63 for crack initiation, r = 0.35 for crack growth, and r = 0.45 for overall fracture toughness; p &lt; 0.01). Multivariate analyses indicated that the age-related decrease in different fracture toughness properties were best explained by a combination of NMR properties including pore water and RPI-derived tissue stiffness with age as a significant covariate (adjusted R2 = 53.3%, 23.9%, and 35.2% for crack initiation, crack growth, and overall toughness, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). These findings reflect the existence of many contributors to fracture toughness and emphasize the utility of a multimodal assessment of fracture resistance. Exploring the mechanistic origin of fracture toughness, glycation-mediated nonenzymatic collagen crosslinks and intracortical porosity are possible determinants of bone fracture toughness and could explain the sensitivity of NMR to changes in fracture toughness. Assuming fracture toughness is clinically important to the ability of bone to resist fracture, our results suggest that improvements in fracture risk assessment could potentially be achieved by accounting for water distribution (quantitative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging) and by a local measure of tissue resistance to indentation, RPI. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Anti‐obesogenic effects of calcium prevent changes in the GLP‐1 profile in adult rats primed by early weaning
Authors: Quitete Fernanda Torres , Nobre Jessica Lopes , Peixoto‐Silva Nayara , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina , de Oliveira Elaine 
Published: January 2015

ScopeGut peptides regulate appetite and adipogenesis. Early weaning (EW) leads to later development of obesity that can be prevented by calcium supplementation. We evaluated gut peptides that may have a role in the establishment of this dysfunction.Methods and resultsAt birth, lactating Wistar rats were separated in: EW, lactating rats involved with a bandage interrupting the lactation during the last 4 days of standard lactation, and C (control) dams whose pups had free access to milk during throughout lactation. At 120 days old, half of EW group received calcium supplementation (EWCa); EW and C received standard diet. At 21 days old, EW presented higher glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in plasma and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1‐R) in adipose tissue and hypothalamus, but lower GLP‐1 and GLP1‐R in the gut. At 180 days old, GLP‐1 response to food intake was blunted in EW and restored by calcium. GLP‐1 in the gut was lower in EW and its receptor was lower in adipose tissue, and GLP1‐R was higher in the gut of calcium EW group.ConclusionThus, EW had short‐ and long‐term effects upon GLP‐1 profile, which may have contributed to obesity development, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance due to its adipogenic and appetite control roles. Calcium supplementation was able to prevent most of the changes in GLP‐1 caused by EW.