bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,000 Years of House Change at Cape Espenberg, Alaska: A Case Study in Horizontal Stratigraphy
Authors: Darwent John , Mason Owen K. , Hoffecker John F. , Darwent Christyann M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCape Espenberg is on the farthest southwestern extent of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, just above the Arctic Circle, and is a peninsula composed of a series of dune-covered beach ridges. As part of a larger research initiative, extensive mapping to record all cultural features and characterize the topography of approximately 1 km2on the southeastern terminus of the cape was undertaken in 2007 and 2010. The primary purpose of this mapping was to explore the use of the cape for the past 1,200 years using one of the unique aspects of beach-ridge archaeology: horizontal stratigraphy. There were 11 intervals of beach ridge/dune development, and with the exception of one truncated ridge and the modern ridge, Thule-Iñupiaq people built semi-subterranean winter houses on each ridge. A total of 117 house depressions along with related cache pits, artifact scatters, whale bone, and hearths were identified; distribution of house forms indicate that Cape Espenberg has had an unbroken stream of cultural continuity. However, in terms of house architecture and community patterning, it appears that there has been a reduction of certain architectural components over time. Houses also occur more frequently in isolated contexts. Both aspects are coincident with the onset of the Little Ice Age.
A Reassessment of Red Linear Pictographs in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas
Authors: Boyd Carolyn E. , Castañeda Amanda M. , Koenig Charles W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRed Linear is one of four presently defined prehistoric pictograph styles in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwest Texas and Coahuila, Mexico. Based on interpretation of images and two experimental radiocarbon dates, the style was presumed to have been brought into the region by intrusive bison hunters around 1280 B.P. This would place production of Red Linear after the large, polychromatic Pecos River style paintings (4200–2750 B.P.). However, during a recent rock art recording project we identified Red Linear overlain by presumed older Pecos River style. This prompted our re-examination of Red Linear through analysis of 444 figures from 12 sites. We produced a list of diagnostic attributes for Red Linear and documented stratigraphie relationships through macro- and microscopic field analysis. We identified 38 examples of Red Linear under Pecos River figures, thus inverting the relative chronology for the two styles and forcing a reconsideration of previous assumptions regarding the culture that produced the art. This paper demonstrates the potential afforded by analysis of rock art assemblages to reveal inter- and intrasite patterning of attributes and provide insight into relative chronologies. Further, it cautions against the use of variation in artistic style as a marker for ethnicity.
Non‐trisomic homeobox gene expression during craniofacial development in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Billingsley Cherie N. , Allen Jared R. , Baumann Douglas D. , Deitz Samantha L. , Blazek Joshua D. , Newbauer Abby , Darrah Andrew , Long Brad C. , Young Brandon , Clement Mark , Doerge R.W. , Roper Randall J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTrisomy 21 in humans causes cognitive impairment, craniofacial dysmorphology, and heart defects collectively referred to as Down syndrome. Yet, the pathophysiology of these phenotypes is not well understood. Craniofacial alterations may lead to complications in breathing, eating, and communication. Ts65Dn mice exhibit craniofacial alterations that model Down syndrome including a small mandible. We show that Ts65Dn embryos at 13.5 days gestation (E13.5) have a smaller mandibular precursor but a normal sized tongue as compared to euploid embryos, suggesting a relative instead of actual macroglossia originates during development. Neurological tissues were also altered in E13.5 trisomic embryos. Our array analysis found 155 differentially expressed non‐trisomic genes in the trisomic E13.5 mandible, including 20 genes containing a homeobox DNA binding domain. Additionally, Sox9, important in skeletal formation and cell proliferation, was upregulated in Ts65Dn mandible precursors. Our results suggest trisomy causes altered expression of non‐trisomic genes in development leading to structural changes associated with DS. Identification of genetic pathways disrupted by trisomy is an important step in proposing rational therapies at relevant time points to ameliorate craniofacial abnormalities in DS and other congenital disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sinonasal quality of life outcomes after minimally invasive resection of sinonasal and skull‐base tumors
Authors: Harrow Brian R. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundMinimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) has emerged as the standard for surgical management of benign and malignant sinonasal and skull‐base neoplasms. The objective of the present study was to assess sinonasal quality of life (QOL) and to analyze factors that impact symptomatology after surgery.MethodsThis single‐institution observational cohort study was performed on 94 patients over a 3‐year period.ResultsThe mean age was 55.2 years, with male:female ratio of 1.5:1. Benign and malignant tumors were observed in 48% and 52% of patients, respectively. The cohort's mean preoperative 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test score (SNOT‐20) was 1.27, decreasing to 0.91 (p = 0.002) at 6 months postoperatively. Patients with benign neoplasms had a lower mean preoperative SNOT‐20 score of 1.11 that decreased to 0.58 (p = 0.002), whereas patients with malignant tumors had a higher mean preoperative SNOT‐20 score of 1.27, decreasing to 1.03 (p = 0.134) at 6 months postoperatively. The SNOT‐20 scores for females improved 0.53 (p = 0.002) compared to 0.23 (p = 0.154) for males at 6 months. Statistically significant sinonasal QOL improvement was noted in nonsmokers (0.62, p = 0.0006), patients with no prior radiation or chemotherapy (0.59, p = 0.0029), and patients with no prior surgery (0.51, p = 0.0012). Multiple variable regression analysis demonstrated that the 2 strongest predictors for lack of SNOT‐20 improvement were previous history of smoking (p < 0.05) and prior radiation and/or chemotherapy (p < 0.01) (R2 = 0.24).ConclusionMIER results in overall improvement in SNOT‐20 scores, with greater change being noted in females and in patients with benign tumors. Prior smoking and chemoradiation strongly predict decreased improvement in sinonasal QOL after surgery.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Phenoxy‐6,7‐disubstituted Quinolines Possessing Semicarbazone Scaffolds as Selective c‐Met Inhibitors
Authors: Qi Baohui , Tao Haiyan , Wu Di , Bai Jinying , Shi Yandan , Gong Ping 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNovel quinoline derivatives bearing acyclic semicarbazones were prepared and their chemical structures as well as the relative stereochemistry were confirmed. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their c‐Met kinase inhibitory activity and their cytotoxicity against the cell lines HT‐29, MKN‐45, and MDA‐MB‐231 in vitro. Several potent compounds were further evaluated against A549 cells. Most compounds displayed moderate to excellent activity, and the structure–activity relationship studies identified the most promising compound 35 as a selective c‐Met kinase inhibitor (IC50 = 4.3 nM). Compound 35 showed a 3.5‐ and 18.8‐fold increase in cytotoxicity in vitro against HT‐29 and A549 cells, respectively, compared to that of foretinib. Poor off‐target effects of compound 35 were further confirmed by the antiproliferative activity against the c‐Met inhibition less sensitive MDA‐MB‐231 cell line (IC50 = 0.77 µM).
Contouring Control of Robot Manipulators Based on Equivalent Errors
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Leh , Chou Chang‐Yan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis work is concerned with the contouring control problem of robotic manipulators using the method of equivalent errors. The method was previously proposed for multi‐axis motion systems with emphasis on machine tools applications. It is shown in this paper that the method of equivalent errors is equally applicable to robot manipulators. For robotic systems, a desired path usually is described in terms of the position of the end‐effector (task space), but the system dynamics are described in generalized coordinates (joint space). The proposed method utilizes the forward kinematics to transform the desired path in the task space into that in the joint space. As such, the equivalent errors can be defined easily. Two examples contouring free‐form paths are studied numerically to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. One is a two‐link robot manipulator, and the other is a 6‐DOF Stewart platform. Three controllers for the system with and without uncertainty are considered. The simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method and verify the effectiveness of its application to the contouring control problem of robotic systems, even with uncertainty and higher degrees of freedom.
Effect of procedure volume on outcomes after iliac artery angioplasty and stenting
Authors: Goode S D , Keltie K , Burn J , Patrick H , Cleveland T J , Campbell B , Gaines P , Sims A J 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Service reorganization to concentrate complex vascular services in hospitals with high caseload volume aims to reduce mortality and complication rates. The present study assessed the relationship between caseload volume and outcome for iliac artery angioplasty and stenting in England using a routinely available national data set (Hospital Episode Statistics, HES).

Methods
Routine administrative data for iliac artery angioplasty and stent procedures performed in England between 2007 and 2011 were analysed. Associations between centre volume and outcomes (death, complications and duration of hospital stay) were tested and compared for two methods of stratification (quartiles and quintiles) and two statistical tests (odds ratios and the Cochran–Armitage test for trend). Multivariable analysis was also performed.

Results
There were 23 308 episodes of care recorded in HES with Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures, fourth revision, codes L54.1 or L54.4 corresponding to iliac artery intervention. There was a gradual increase year by year in number of procedures performed. Univariable and multivariable analysis showed no association between centre volume and either death or complications (multivariable odds ratio, OR 1·00, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·00 to 1·00) for elective and non-elective procedures. Age was associated with higher mortality and complication rates in elective procedures, and with mortality in non-elective procedures. The risk of death after elective iliac angioplasty or stenting was significantly higher in women (multivariable OR 4·98, 2·09 to 13·26).

Conclusion
There was no association between the outcomes of endovascular iliac artery intervention and centre volume, but outcomes were significantly worse with increasing age and female sex.
Multicentre observational study of performance variation in provision and outcome of emergency appendicectomy
Authors:   National Surgical Research Collaborative, Bhangu A 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Identification of variation in practice is a key step towards standardization of service and determination of reliable quality markers. This study aimed to investigate variation in provision and outcome of emergency appendicectomy.

Methods
A multicentre, trainee-led, protocol-driven, prospective observational cohort study was performed during May and June 2012. The main outcome of interest was the normal histopathology rate; secondary outcomes were laparoscopy and 30-day adverse event rates. Analysis included funnel plots and binary logistic regression models to identify patient- and hospital-related predictors of outcome.

Results
A total of 3326 patients from 95 centres were included. An initial laparoscopic approach was performed in 66·3 per cent of patients (range in centres performing more than 25 appendicectomies over the study period: 8·7–100 per cent). A histologically normal appendix was removed in 20·6 per cent of patients (range in centres performing more than 25 procedures: 3·3–36·8 per cent). Funnel plot analysis revealed that 22 centres fell below three standard deviations of the mean for laparoscopy rates. Higher centre volume, consultant presence in theatre and daytime surgery were independently associated with an increased use of laparoscopy, which in turn was associated with a reduction in 30-day morbidity (adjusted for disease severity). Daytime surgery further reduced normal appendicectomy rates. Increasing volume came at the cost of higher negative rates, and low negative rates came at the cost of higher perforation rates.

Conclusion
This study reveals the extremely wide variation in practice patterns and outcomes among hospitals. Organizational factors leading to this variation have been identified and should be addressed to improve performance.
Rural hospital mass casualty response to a terrorist shooting spree
Authors: Waage S , Poole J C , Thorgersen E B 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Civilian mass casualty incidents may occur infrequently and suddenly, and are caused by accidents, natural disasters or human terrorist incidents. Most reports deal with trauma centre management in large cities, and data from small local hospitals are scarce. A rural hospital response to a mass casualty incident caused by a terrorist shooting spree was evaluated.

Methods
An observational study was undertaken to evaluate the triage, diagnosis and management of all casualties received from the Utøya youth camp in Norway on 22 July 2011 by a local hospital, using data from the hospital's electronic records. Descriptive data are presented for patient demographics, injuries and patient flow.

Results
The shooting on Utøya youth camp left 69 people dead and 60 wounded. A rural hospital (Ringerike Hospital) triaged 35 patients, of whom 18 were admitted. During the main surge, the hospital triaged and treated 22 patients within 1 h, of whom 13 fulfilled the criteria for activating the hospital trauma team, including five with critical injuries (defined as an Injury Severity Score above 15). Ten computed tomography scans, two focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) scans and 25 conventional X-rays were performed. During the first 24 h, ten surgical procedures were performed and four chest drains inserted. No patient died.

Conclusion
Critical deviation from the major incident plan was needed, and future need for revision is deemed necessary based on the experience. Communication systems and the organization of radiological services proved to be most vulnerable.
Metal–Organic Framework Supported Bimetallic NiPt Nanoparticles as High‐performance Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Hydrazine in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHighly dispersed bimetallic NiPt nanoparticles with different NiPt compositions have been successfully immobilized by the zeolitic metal–organic framework ZIF‐8 by a simple liquid impregnation method. These catalysts show high catalytic activity and durability for hydrogen generation from decomposition of hydrazine (H2NNH2) in aqueous alkaline solution at 323 K. Both transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM measurements (HAADF‐STEM) images showed that the ZIF‐8 immobilized NPs were highly dispersed and controlled in small sizes with an average diameter of 2.2±0.3 nm.
Facile Synthesis of a Nanocrystalline Metal–Organic Framework Impregnated with a Phosphovanadomolybdate and Its Remarkable Catalytic Performance in Ultradeep Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Liu Shumei , Liu Shuxia , Liang Dadong , Li Shujun , Tang Qun , Wang Xingquan , Miao Jun , Shi Zhan , Zheng Zhiping 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReducing the level of sulfur content in fuel oils has long been desired for environmental reasons. Polyoxometalates (POMs) can act as catalysts to remove sulfur‐containing heterocyclic compounds by the process of oxidative desulfurization under mild conditions. However, one key obstacle to the development of POM‐based catalysts is the poor solubility of POMs in the overall nonpolar environment. We report a novel strategy for the introduction of catalytically active POMs into nonpolar reaction systems by encapsulating the inorganic catalyst within the pores of a metal–organic framework structure in which the organic ligands act as hydrophobic groups. The nanocrystalline catalysts, obtained rapidly and conveniently by both solution and mechanochemical synthesis, showed remarkable activities in catalytic oxidative desulfurization reactions in both a model diesel environment and in real diesel wherein dibenzothiophene was converted rapidly and quantitatively into dibenzothiophene sulfone.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Multiplexed Immunoassay of Biomarkers Based on Multifunctionalized Graphene Nanotags
Authors: Li Qunfang , Tang Dianping , Lou Fangming , Yang Ximei , Chen Guonan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA sensitive and feasible multiplexed immunoassay protocol for simultaneous electrochemical determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was developed using multifunctionalized graphene nanotags on a cyclodextrin‐modified immunosensor. The sensor was fabricated via the guest–host chemistry between the immobilized cyclodextrin and anti‐CEA/anti‐AFP antibodies. Two nanotags including cyclodextrin‐thionine‐graphene and cyclodextrin‐ferrocene‐graphene nanostructures were synthesized based on a wet chemistry method. The synthesized nanotags were employed for the labelling of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–anti‐AFP and HRP–anti‐CEA conjugates, respectively. With a sandwich‐type assay format, the signal was monitored through the labelling of HRP toward catalytic reduction of H2O2 at various peak potentials in the presence of thionine and ferrocene, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the multiplexed immunoassay enabled the simultaneous determination of CEA and AFP with wide working ranges of 0.001–60 ng mL−1 for AFP and 0.003–40 ng mL−1 for CEA. The detection limits were 0.5 pg ml−1 for AFP and 0.8 pg ml−1 for CEA (at 3 sB). No obvious nonspecific adsorption and cross‐talk were observed during a series of analyses to detect target analytes. Intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) were below 9.5 %. Importantly, the methodology was also evaluated for the analysis of AFP and CEA in the clinical human serum specimens, receiving a good relationship between the developed immunoassay and a commercialized electrochemiluminescence enzyme‐linked immunoassay.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐(Indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐alkyn‐1‐ols: Facile Synthesis of Diversified Carbazoles
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tang Xiangying , Xu Qin , Shi Min 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEfficient cyclization of 1‐(indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐alkyn‐1‐ols in the presence of a cationic gold(I) complex, leading to annulated or specific substituted carbazoles, was observed. Depending on the reaction conditions and substitution pattern, divergent reaction pathways were discovered, furnishing diversified carbazole structures. Cycloalkyl‐annulated [b]carbazoles are obtained through 1,2‐alkyl migration of the metal‐carbene intermediates; cycloalkyl‐annulated [a]carbazoles are formed through a Wagner–Meerwein‐type 1,2‐alkyl shift; carbazole ethers are constructed through ring‐opening of the cyclopropyl group by nucleophilic attack of water or an alcohol.
Aortic Dissection During Pregnancy: A Difficult Clinical Scenario
Authors: Yuan Shi‐Min 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAortic dissection (AoD) during pregnancy is a rare but lethal condition and highlights the need for extensive elucidation. The aim of this study is to reveal the risk factors for AoD during pregnancy and to compare the 2 main risk factors, Marfan syndrome and pregnancy itself in the previously healthy woman. The pregnant patients developed AoD at 31.7 ± 7.6 weeks of gestation. It occurred much earlier in the Marfan patients than in the previously healthy women (30.7 ± 8.6 weeks of gestation vs 34.4 ± 4.4 weeks of gestation, P = 0.0263). In the Marfan patients, AoD developed in 3 (3.2%), 15 (15.8%), and 43 (46.3%) patients in the 3 trimesters, respectively, compared with 31 of the previously healthy women, and only in the third trimester. The neonates of the Marfan patients had better Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, lower intubation rates, and fewer stays in the neonatal intensive care unit than those of the previously healthy women. Marfan syndrome and pregnancy itself in the previously healthy woman were the 2 main risk factors responsible for the occurrence of AoD during pregnancy. Marfan patients may develop AoD at an early age and an early stage of pregnancy, probably due to the preexisting weakened aortic wall. Better outcomes for the surviving neonates of Marfan patients compared with neonates of the previously healthy women might be the result of the poor condition of Marfan patients causing a higher death rate for those fetuses.
RSEL: revocable secure efficient lightweight RFID authentication scheme
Authors: Fan Kai , Li Jie , Li Hui , Liang Xiaohui , Shen Xuemin (Sherman) , Yang Yintang 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYRadio frequency identification (RFID) has been regarded as one of the 10 important technologies in the 21st century. Because of its capability to rapidly and accurately collect and process data in real‐time, RFID has been widely applied in many areas, such as Internet of Things and Smart Grid. However, the existing security threats become more severe toward RFID authentication scheme. The traditional security mechanisms cannot be used in RFID directly because of the limitations of processing capability, storage space, and power supply of RFID tags. In this paper, we propose a revocable secure efficient lightweight RFID authentication scheme (RSEL). To achieve authentication efficiency, the key of the tag is chosen to reduce the number of hash computing in the database. Furthermore, the key is stored in the database and updated constantly with the tag to prevent the tracking and synchronization attacks. The valid period of each tag is stored in the database so that RSEL can revoke the expired tag. The correctness of RSEL has been proved using GNY logic. The performance of RSEL in terms of security and efficiency is evaluated. Compared with other existing approaches, RSEL achieves stronger security and higher efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of Platinum Nanoparticles with Graphitic Carbon Structures: A Computational Study
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang B. , Benedikt Udo , Auer Alexander A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe interaction of platinum nanoparticles from a size of a few atoms up to 1 nm with extended carbon structures is studied by using quantum chemical methods. The aim is to obtain a deeper insight into the basic interactions between metal particles and carbon structures. For this purpose focus is placed on the type and strength of the interactions as well as the possibility to increase the adhesive forces by introducing chemical modifications (linker atoms) and defect sites or distortions of the support. The calculations show that there is a transition between an interaction with covalent character for smaller clusters and a dispersion‐dominated interaction for larger particles. Furthermore, introduced linker atoms increase the covalent character of the interactions but also increase the distance between the cluster and the support, thereby leading to a lower interaction energy. This has implications for the design of chemical linkers or surface modifications to improve the durability of catalyst systems.