bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Oil from Iranian Wild Almond
Authors: Balvardi Mohammad , Rezaei Karamatollah , Mendiola Jose A. , Ibáñez Elena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe seeds of wild almond, Amygdalus scoparia, contain a relatively high quantity of oil. In the current study, aqueous enzymatic extraction of the oil from Iranian wild almond was investigated using a protease and a cellulase to assist the extraction process. The effects of temperature, incubation time and pH on the oil recovery were evaluated using Box−Behnken design from response surface methodology (RSM). A 77.3 % recovery was predicted for oil using aqueous enzymatic extraction procedure at the optimized conditions of RSM (pH 5.76; 50 °C/5 h) when both enzymes were used at 1.0 % level (v/w). In practice, when both enzymes were used, a maximum of 77.8 % oil recovery was achieved at pH 5; 50 °C/4 h. Fatty acid profile, refractive index and saponification value of the aqueous enzymatic extracted oil in the current study were similar to those of the oil extracted with hexane. However, acid value, unsaponifiable matter and p‐anisidine value were higher when compared to those with hexane extracted oil. Peroxide value of the aqueous enzymatic oil was lower than that of oil extracted by hexane. Aqueous enzymatic extraction can be suggested as an environmentally‐friendly method to obtain oil from wild almond.
Operationalizing mild cognitive impairment criteria in small vessel disease: the VMCI‐Tuscany Study
Authors: Salvadori Emilia , Poggesi Anna , Valenti Raffaella , Pracucci Giovanni , Pescini Francesca , Pasi Marco , Nannucci Serena , Marini Sandro , Del Bene Alessandra , Ciolli Laura , Ginestroni Andrea , Diciotti Stefano , Orlandi Giovanni , Di Donato Ilaria , De Stefano Nicola , Cosottini Mirco , Chiti Alberto , Federico Antonio , Dotti Maria Teresa , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Inzitari Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo ,   VMCI‐Tuscany Study Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) prodromic of vascular dementia is expected to have a multidomain profile.MethodsIn a sample of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) patients, we assessed MCI subtypes distributions according to different operationalization of Winblad criteria and compared the neuroimaging features of single versus multidomain MCI. We applied three MCI diagnostic scenarios in which the cutoffs for objective impairment and the number of considered neuropsychological tests varied.ResultsPassing from a liberal to more conservative diagnostic scenarios, of 153 patients, 5% were no longer classified as MCI, amnestic multidomain frequency decreased, and nonamnestic single domain increased. Considering neuroimaging features, severe medial temporal lobe atrophy was more frequent in multidomain compared with single domain.DiscussionOperationalizing MCI criteria changes the relative frequency of MCI subtypes. Nonamnestic single domain MCI may be a previously nonrecognized type of MCI associated with SVD.
Development of a patient‐reported outcome instrument to assess complex activities of daily living and interpersonal functioning in persons with mild cognitive impairment: The qualitative research phase
Authors: Gordon Mark Forrest , Lenderking William R. , Duhig Amy , Chandler Julie , Lundy J. Jason , Miller David S. , Piault‐Louis Elisabeth , Doody Rachelle S. , Galasko Douglas , Gauthier Serge , Frank Lori ,   Patient‐Reported Outcome Consortium's Cognition Working Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionAs drug development research efforts move toward studying patients earlier in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to incorporate the patient's perspective into measurement of outcomes.MethodsThis article summarizes the qualitative work of the Patient‐Reported Outcome Consortium's Cognition Working Group in the development of a new self‐reported outcome measure in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to suspected AD, herein referred to as MCI.ResultsThe draft measure captures the patient's voice for two functional domains, complex activities of daily living and interpersonal functioning.DiscussionThis work represents a series of initial steps in the development of this rating scale. The next steps are to conduct psychometric analysis and evaluate the role of insight.
The Effect of Low Dose Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on Plantar Fasciitis: A Trial Study in Queen Mary Hospital
Authors: Samuel Wan Yik-Cheung , Chester Lie Wai Hung , Terence Pun Cheuk Ting , Rita Lam Yuen Ha , Maggie Ng Chui San , Pui Ng Tze 
Published: June 2015

Background/Purpose To assess the efficacy of low-energy extracorporeal Shockwave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Methods This was a prospective case series study that was performed at the Department of Orthopaedics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Twenty-one symptomatic feet in 16 patients with persistent symptoms of plantar fasciitis despite 3 months of conservative treatment were recruited in November 2008. All patients received five sessions of low energy ESWT and their corresponding 10-point visual analogue scale scores were recorded before and after each treatment sessions for each symptomatic foot. The patients were assessed for up to 6 months post-treatment. Results The mean visual analogue scale scores reduction for pain on first step in the morning, daily activities, and heel compression test were 2.62 (44.3%), 3 (38.3%), and 1.6 (36.8%), respectively, post-treatment. The analgesic effect was maintained in 52.3% (n = 11) of the patients at 6 months post treatment. Conclusion Low energy ESWT was shown to be an effective outpatient treatment option for patients with plantar fasciitis.
Sciatic Neuropathy Caused by Focal Venous Engorgement Associated With Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Young‐Ah , Kim Keewon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman complained of severe left leg weakness with paresthesia. Electrodiagnostic tests revealed sciatic neuropathy, and imaging studies showed venous engorgement around the sciatic nerve. After anticoagulant therapy and intensive rehabilitation, the patient's muscle strength improved from 1 to 3 on the Medical Research Council scale. The diagnosis of sciatic neuropathy caused by deep vein thrombosis is extremely rare; however, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral lower extremity weakness in patients recovering from intensive care.
WHAT'S SO SPECIAL ABOUT HUMAN KNOWLEDGE?
Authors: Williams Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnlike animal knowledge, mature human knowledge is not a natural phenomenon. This claim is defended by examining the concept of such knowledge and showing that it is best analysed in deontic terms. To be knowledgeable is to possess epistemic authority. Such authority is assessable in two dimensions. The first is contextually appropriate truth-reliability. The second is epistemic responsibility in three senses of “responsibility”: accountability, due diligence and liability to sanction. The fact that knowledge can be impugned by non-culpable unreliability shows that, with respect to loss of authority, liability is strict. This entails that mature human knowledge requires some degree of epistemic self-consciousness: in particular, the conceptual capacities for critically examining one's beliefs. Arguments advanced by Kornblith for the claim that there is a vicious regress involved in this requirement are shown to depend on under-described examples. When the examples are fleshed out, we see that the “critical reflection” requirement does not demand constant self-monitoring but only the capacity to recognize and respond to appropriate epistemic queries. Recognizing that the practice of justifying one's beliefs conforms to a default and query structure also dispels the illusion that insisting that epistemic subjects have some sense of their own epistemic powers involves an unpalatable form of epistemic circularity.
REPLY TO GOLDMAN: CUTTING UP THE ONE TO SAVE THE FIVE IN EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Berker Selim 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTI argue that Alvin Goldman has failed to save process reliabilism from my critique in earlier work of consequentialist or teleological epistemic theories. First, Goldman misconstrues the nature of my challenge: two of the cases he discusses I never claimed to be counterexamples to process reliabilism. Second, Goldman's reply to the type of case I actually claimed to be a counterexample to process reliabilism is unsuccessful. He proposes a variety of responses, but all of them either feature an implausible restriction on process types, or fail to rule out cases with the sort of structure that generates the worry, or both.
The influence of dietary zinc source and coccidial vaccine exposure on intracellular zinc homeostasis and immune status in broiler chickens
Authors: Troche Catalina , Eicher Susan D. , Applegate Todd J. 
Published: June 2015

Coccidia are protozoal parasites which compromise mucosal integrity of the intestine, potentiating poultry morbidity. The host's Zn status influences the course of infection. Therefore, two experiments were designed to determine how supplemental Zn regimens impacted jejunal and caecal immune status and Zn transporter expression. Coccivac®-B was administered weekly at ten times the recommended dose as a mild coccidial challenge (10CV). Zn was provided through a basal diet, supplemental zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), or a supplemental 1:1 blend of ZnSO4 and Availa®-Zn (Blend). Mucosal jejunum (Expt 1) and caecal tonsils (Expt 2) were evaluated for intracellular Zn concentrations and phagocytic capacity. Messenger expression of Zn transporters ZnT5, ZnT7, Zip9 and Zip13 were investigated to determine Zn trafficking. With 10CV, phagocytic capacity was decreased in jejunal cells by 2 %. In the caecal tonsils, however, phagocytic capacity increased with challenge, with the magnitude of increase being more pronounced with higher dietary Zn (10CV × Zn interaction; P= 0·04). Intracellular Zn within caecal tonsils was found significantly reduced with 10CV (27 %, P= 0·0001). 10CV also resulted in an overall increase in the ratio of Zip:ZnT transporters. With the exception of Zip13 transporter expression, dietary Zn source had little impact on any of the measured cellular parameters. Thus, intestinal mucosal tissues had reductions in intracellular free Zn during coccidial challenge, which was coupled with an upregulation of measured Zip transporters. This suggests that under coccidial challenge, intestinal cells attempt to compensate for the drop in intracellular Zn.
Repair of a cervical skin defect using xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix in a patient with advanced laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang L , Li L , Lou W 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper reports the outcome of using acellular dermal matrix to repair a cervical skin defect in a patient with an advanced laryngeal carcinoma that had invaded the skin.Case report:A 55-year-old man underwent surgical repair of severe atypical hyperplasia and of a squamous cell carcinoma at 17 and 9 months, respectively, prior to undergoing the current procedure. Five months prior to the current procedure, his left cervical skin broke down and the lesion gradually enlarged. A pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made. The cervical skin defect was repaired with a tailored acellular dermal matrix patch. The cervical wound completely healed without developing infection or a pharyngeal fistula, and the patient exhibited no dysphagia three years after surgery.Conclusion:Cervical skin defects can be successfully repaired with acellular dermal matrix.
Testimony, belief, and non-doxastic faith: the Humean argument for religious fictionalism
Authors: JAY CHRISTOPHER 
Published: June 2015

AbstractI set out an argument for religious fictionalism which, unusually, proceeds from realist assumptions to the conclusion that even though some people might know that God exists, others ought to accept only non-doxastically that God exists. The argument relies upon the idea that religious experiences can confer immediate warrant on religious beliefs, whereas the warrant conferred by testimony is defeated by some reasonable beliefs which many people have.
Précis ofAfter Phrenology: Neural Reuse and the Interactive Brain
Authors: Anderson Michael L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeural reuse is a form of neuroplasticity whereby neural elements originally developed for one purpose are put to multiple uses. A diverse behavioral repertoire is achieved by means of the creation of multiple, nested, and overlapping neural coalitions, in which each neural element is a member of multiple different coalitions and cooperates with a different set of partners at different times. Neural reuse has profound implications for how we think about our continuity with other species, for how we understand the similarities and differences between psychological processes, and for how best to pursue a unified science of the mind.After Phrenology: Neural Reuse and the Interactive Brain(2014; henceforthAfter Phrenologyin this Précis) surveys the terrain and advocates for a series of reforms in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. The book argues that, among other things, we should capture brain function in a multidimensional manner, develop a new, action-oriented vocabulary for psychology, and recognize that higher-order cognitive processes are built from complex configurations of already evolved circuitry.
The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and	Negative Affect
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen , Bakhshi Ali 
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.
Ethnicity, deprivation and screening: survival from breast cancer among screening-eligible women in the West Midlands diagnosed from 1989 to 2011
Authors: Morris M , Woods L M , Rogers N , O'Sullivan E , Kearins O , Rachet B 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background:
Social inequalities in breast cancer survival are smaller when the cancer is screen-detected. We examined survival from screen-detected and non screen-detected breast cancer by ethnicity and deprivation.

Methods:
Cancer registry data for 20 283 women aged 50–70 years, diagnosed between 1989–2011 and invited for screening, were linked with screening and ethnicity data. We examined Asian, Black and White groups, less deprived and middle/more deprived women. Net survival was estimated using ethnic- and deprivation-specific life tables. Estimates were corrected for lead-time bias and over-diagnosis.

Results:
Net survival varied by screening history. No significant differences in survival were found by ethnicity. Five-year net survival was 90.0% (95% CI, 89.3–90.8%) in less deprived groups and 86.7% (85.9–87.4%) among middle/more deprived women. Screening benefitted all ethnic and both deprivation groups. Whether screen-detected or not, more deprived women had significantly poorer outcomes: 5-year net survival was 78.0% (76.7–79.2%) for deprived women who were not screen-detected compared with 94.0% (93.1–95.1%) for less deprived women who were screen-detected.

Conclusions:
The three ethnic groups differed little in their breast cancer survival. Although screening confers a survival benefit to all, there are still wide disparities in survival by deprivation. More needs to be done to determine what underlies these differences and tackle them.
Programmed cell death 5 mediates HDAC3 decay to promote genotoxic stress response
Authors: Choi Hyo-Kyoung , Choi Youngsok , Park Eun Sung , Park Soo-Yeon , Lee Seung-Hyun , Seo Jaesung , Jeong Mi-Hyeon , Jeong Jae-Wook , Cheong Jae-Ho , Lee Peter C. W. , Choi Kyung-Chul , Yoon Ho-Geun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe inhibition of p53 activity by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been reported, but the precise molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we show that programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) selectively mediates HDAC3 dissociation from p53, which induces HDAC3 cleavage and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Casein kinase 2 alpha phosphorylates PDCD5 at Ser-119 to enhance its stability and importin 13-mediated nuclear translocation of PDCD5. Genetic deletion of PDCD5 abrogates etoposide (ET)-induced p53 stabilization and HDAC3 cleavage, indicating an essential role of PDCD5 in p53 activation. Restoration of PDCD5WT in PDCD5−/− MEFs restores ET-induced HDAC3 cleavage. Reduction of both PDCD5 and p53, but not reduction of either protein alone, significantly enhances in vivo tumorigenicity of AGS gastric cancer cells and correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Our results define a mechanism for p53 activation via PDCD5-dependent HDAC3 decay under genotoxic stress conditions.
Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation
Authors: Kleijn David , Winfree Rachael , Bartomeus Ignasi , Carvalheiro Luísa G , Henry Mickaël , Isaacs Rufus , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Kremen Claire , M'Gonigle Leithen K , Rader Romina , Ricketts Taylor H , Williams Neal M , Lee Adamson Nancy , Ascher John S , Báldi András , Batáry Péter , Benjamin Faye , Biesmeijer Jacobus C , Blitzer Eleanor J , Bommarco Riccardo , Brand Mariëtte R , Bretagnolle Vincent , Button Lindsey , Cariveau Daniel P , Chifflet Rémy , Colville Jonathan F , Danforth Bryan N , Elle Elizabeth , Garratt Michael P.D. , Herzog Felix , Holzschuh Andrea , Howlett Brad G , Jauker Frank , Jha Shalene , Knop Eva , Krewenka Kristin M , Le Féon Violette , Mandelik Yael , May Emily A , Park Mia G , Pisanty Gideon , Reemer Menno , Riedinger Verena , Rollin Orianne , Rundlöf Maj , Sardiñas Hillary S , Scheper Jeroen , Sciligo Amber R , Smith Henrik G , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Thorp Robbin , Tscharntke Teja , Verhulst Jort , Viana Blandina F , Vaissière Bernard E , Veldtman Ruan , Ward Kimiora L. , Westphal Catrin , Potts Simon G 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments.
DJ-1 links muscle ROS production with metabolic reprogramming and systemic energy homeostasis in mice
Authors: Shi Sally Yu , Lu Shun-Yan , Sivasubramaniyam Tharini , Revelo Xavier S. , Cai Erica P. , Luk Cynthia T. , Schroer Stephanie A. , Patel Prital , Kim Raymond H. , Bombardier Eric , Quadrilatero Joe , Tupling A. Russell , Mak Tak W. , Winer Daniel A. , Woo Minna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been linked to a wide variety of pathologies, including obesity and diabetes, but ROS also act as endogenous signalling molecules, regulating numerous biological processes. DJ-1 is one of the most evolutionarily conserved proteins across species, and mutations in DJ-1 have been linked to some cases of Parkinson’s disease. Here we show that DJ-1 maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis via modulating ROS levels in murine skeletal muscles, revealing a role of DJ-1 in maintaining efficient fuel utilization. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DJ-1, ROS uncouple mitochondrial respiration and activate AMP-activated protein kinase, which triggers Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming in muscle cells. Accordingly, DJ-1 knockout mice exhibit higher energy expenditure and are protected from obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes in the setting of fuel surplus. Our data suggest that promoting mitochondrial uncoupling may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Anchor-based classification and type-C inhibitors for tyrosine kinases
Authors: Hsu Kai-Cheng , Sung Tzu-Ying , Lin Chih-Ta , Chiu Yi-Yuan , Hsu John T.-A. , Hung Hui-Chen , Sun Chung-Ming , Barve Indrajeet , Chen Wen-Liang , Huang Wen-Chien , Huang Chin-Ting , Chen Chun-Hwa , Yang Jinn-Moon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTyrosine kinases regulate various biological processes and are drug targets for cancers. At present, the design of selective and anti-resistant inhibitors of kinases is an emergent task. Here, we inferred specific site-moiety maps containing two specific anchors to uncover a new binding pocket in the C-terminal hinge region by docking 4,680 kinase inhibitors into 51 protein kinases and this finding provides an opportunity for the development of kinase inhibitors with high selectivity and anti-drug resistance. We present an anchor-based classification for tyrosine kinases and discover two type-C inhibitors, namely rosmarinic acid (RA) and EGCG, which occupy two and one specific anchors, respectively, by screening 118,759 natural compounds. Our profiling reveals that RA and EGCG selectively inhibit 3% (EGFR and SYK) and 14% of 64 kinases, respectively. According to the guide of our anchor model, we synthesized three RA derivatives with better potency. These type-C inhibitors are able to maintain activities for drug-resistant EGFR and decrease the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. Our results show that the type-C inhibitors occupying a new pocket are promising for cancer treatments due to their kinase selectivity and anti-drug resistance.