bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graft Extrusion in Both the Coronal and Sagittal Planes Is Greater After Medial Compared With Lateral Meniscus Allograft Transplantation but Is Unrelated to Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Lee Dae-Hee , Lee Chang-Rack , Jeon Jin-Ho , Kim Kyung-Ah , Bin Seong-Il 
Published: November 2014

Background: Graft extrusion after meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) may be affected by horn fixation, which differs between medial and lateral MAT. Few studies have compared graft extrusion, especially sagittal extrusion, after medial and lateral MAT. Hypothesis: In patients undergoing medial and lateral MAT, graft extrusion is likely similar and not correlated with postoperative Lysholm scores. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Meniscus graft extrusion in the coronal and sagittal planes was compared in 51 knees undergoing medial MAT and 84 undergoing lateral MAT. Distances from the anterior and posterior articular cartilage margins to the anterior (anterior cartilage meniscus distance [ACMD]) and posterior (posterior cartilage meniscus distance [PCMD]) horns, respectively, were assessed on immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and compared in patients undergoing medial and lateral MAT. Correlations between coronal and sagittal graft extrusion and between extrusion and the Lysholm score were compared in the 2 groups. Results: In the coronal plane, mean absolute (4.3 vs 2.7 mm, respectively; P < .001) and relative (39% vs 21%, respectively; P < .001) graft extrusions were significantly greater for medial than lateral MAT. In the sagittal plane, mean absolute and relative ACMD and PCMD values were significantly greater for medial than lateral MAT ( P < .001 each). For both medial and lateral MAT, mean absolute and relative ACMDs were significantly larger than PCMDs ( P < .001 each). Graft extrusion >3 mm in the coronal plane was significantly more frequent in the medial (78%) than in the lateral (35%) MAT group. In the sagittal plane, the frequencies of ACMDs (72% vs 39%, respectively) and PCMDs (23% vs 4%, respectively) >3 mm were also significantly greater in the medial than in the lateral MAT group. Coronal and sagittal extrusions were not correlated with postoperative Lysholm scores for both medial and lateral MAT. Conclusion: The amount and incidence of graft extrusion were greater after medial than lateral MAT in both the coronal and sagittal planes. In the sagittal plane, graft extrusion was greater and more frequent on the anterior than the posterior horn in both medial and lateral MAT. However, graft extrusion was not correlated with early clinical outcomes after both medial and lateral MAT.
Military Milk
Authors: Stewart Kelley 
Published: November 2014

Background: The breastfeeding behaviors among Australian Defence Force women have not previously been examined. Studies have shown that breastfeeding prevalence and duration are affected by maternity leave entitlements and returning to work. Objectives: This study aimed to benchmark breastfeeding initiation, prevalence, and duration among a cohort of Australian Defence Force women and to compare these findings against Australian population norms. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted via email in 2008 for Australian Defence Force women who had taken maternity leave in the Australian financial year of 2006/2007. Analysis of breastfeeding indicators was undertaken. Results: Ninety-eight percent of Australian Defence Force women in this cohort initiated breastfeeding and breastfed for a median duration of 8 months, returning to work when the mean age of the child was 8.4 months. Breastfeeding prevalence did not meet 2003 Australian National Health and Medical Research Council targets by 6 months postpartum but compared favorably to the Australian population norms. Sixty-six percent of the respondents returned to work full-time, with a median breastfeeding duration of 7 months. Women who returned to work part-time had a longer median duration of 10 months. Conclusion: Breastfeeding rates among this cohort of Australian Defence Force women compare favorably with the general Australian population until 9 months, coinciding with returning to work after a period of maternity leave. The results support recent Australian population studies on breastfeeding and employment.
Breast Milk Pumping Beliefs, Supports, and Barriers on a University Campus
Authors: Dinour Lauren M. , Pope Gina A. , Bai Yeon K. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Compared to nonemployed mothers, employed mothers are more likely to terminate breastfeeding sooner than recommended, due in part to a lack of workplace support. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the beliefs of employees and students affiliated with a university regarding pumping breast milk on campus. Methods: This qualitative study used semistructured interviews grounded in the theory of planned behavior, focused on behavioral, normative, and control beliefs regarding pumping on campus. Responses were independently coded and categorized based on common themes. Response frequencies were calculated and compared between students, staff, and faculty. Results: Thirty-two women (11 students, 8 staff, 13 faculty) participated in the interview. Overall, participants most frequently reported that maintaining milk supply/extending breastfeeding duration was an advantage to pumping on campus, and time/scheduling issues a disadvantage. The most commonly perceived supporters were peers, whereas those unaware, uninformed, and/or disapproving of breastfeeding were most commonly perceived as opponents to pumping on campus. Reporting within each category differed between students, staff, and faculty. It is notable that students most frequently identified the lack of available pumping space as a barrier, whereas faculty often reported that space availability made pumping on campus easier for them. In addition, both staff and faculty frequently stated that scheduling and time constraints were a pumping barrier. Conclusion: An inequality of current lactation support practice may exist at colleges and universities. It is necessary to extend this protection to all members of a workplace, regardless of their role.
A clozapine conundrum: clozapine toxicity in an acute medical illness
Authors: Matthews Christina J , Hall Tanya L 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The following report presents a case in which significant clozapine toxicity was demonstrated in a patient on established therapy, in the absence of identifiable risk factors. Through this case report, the authors aim to highlight the potential for clozapine toxicity to occur unexpectedly in times of acute medical illness, and the need to remain vigilant in such situations. Methods: Case report and review of the relevant literature. Results: We describe a case of a 62 year old man whom developed life-threatening clozapine toxicity in the context of a severe lower respiratory infection. Following investigation to exclude the usual causes of toxicity, it was surmised that impaired CYP1A2 function, secondary to the acute inflammatory process, had led to a toxic level of the drug. Conclusions: Given the possibility that serum clozapine levels may significantly rise in acute illness, the team recommends measurement of clozapine levels in these situations, in combination with the usual full blood count investigation. Such a practice should be considered in the local monitoring protocol, to avoid incidence of potentially toxic outcomes.
Defining Engagement and Characterizing Engaged-Behaviors in Digital Gaming
Authors: Bouvier Patrice , Lavoué Elise , Sehaba Karim 
Published: November 2014

Background. Although the analysis of engagement is crucial for digital entertainment or learning games, the concept of players’ or learners’ engagement is still confusing. Indeed, in digital games research, several concepts referring to the idea of engagement such as immersion, involvement, presence, and flow are used. Also, while the characterization of engaged-behaviors may be useful for designers or teachers in assessing players’ or learners’ engagement, the nature and the scope of these behaviors are still unclear. Aim. In this article, based on a multidisciplinary state of the art on the concept of engagement, we define and delineate the concepts related to digital gaming engagement. Results. We characterize engaged-behaviors by identifying four types of engagement: environmental, social, self, and action. We thus refine, disambiguate, and characterize the concepts of engagement and engaged-behaviors. This work therefore constitutes an effective support for analyzing, designing, assessing, and personalizing engaging activities in digital games.
Incredible Years Program Tailored to Parents of Preschoolers With Autism
Authors: Dababnah Sarah , Parish Susan L. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: This article reports on the acceptability and results from an evaluation of an empirically supported practice, The Incredible Years, tailored to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Two groups of parents ( N = 17) participated in a mixed methods test with no comparison group of the 15-week intervention. Data were collected at baseline, posttest, and on a weekly basis. Results: Acceptability and attendance were high, attrition was modest, and parent stress decreased significantly after program completion. Parents highlighted several barriers to their success in the program, including difficulty applying some program content (e.g., time-out for noncompliance) to children with sensory or self-regulation challenges. However, participants reportedly enjoyed the play-based approach of the program, as well as opportunities for social support and peer learning. Conclusion: The Incredible Years is a promising intervention for parents raising preschoolers with ASD. A randomized controlled trial is needed to rigorously test the intervention.
New Radiographic Parameter Assessing Hindfoot Alignment in Stage II Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Williamson Emilie R. C. , Chan Jeremy Y. , Burket Jayme C. , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: November 2014

Background: The hindfoot moment arm is a reliable measurement of hindfoot valgus deformity in stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and can be used to guide intraoperative correction of the hindfoot. There is currently little understanding of how the hindfoot moment arm relates to angular measurements of hindfoot alignment. The purpose of this study was to develop a new hindfoot alignment angle that can reliably quantify hindfoot valgus in patients with AAFD and to establish the relationship of this angle with the hindfoot moment arm. Methods: Preoperative hindfoot alignment radiographs were reviewed for 10 consecutive patients (10 feet) who were indicated for reconstruction for stage II AAFD. A second group of 10 patients (10 feet) without flatfoot were identified to serve as normal controls. The hindfoot moment arm and the new hindfoot alignment angle were measured in blinded fashion by 2 readers. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The difference in angle between normal and flatfoot patients was assessed with a Mann-Whitney U test. A linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between hindfoot moment arm and the new hindfoot alignment angle. Results: Intra- and interrater reliability for the hindfoot alignment angle was excellent (ICC = 0.979 and 0.965, respectively). Flatfoot patients had greater mean angles than did normal patients (22.5 ± 4.9 vs 5.6 ± 5.4 degrees, P < .001). The hindfoot moment arm was correlated significantly with the hindfoot alignment angle ( P < .001), increasing by 0.81 mm for every degree increase in angle (adjusted R2 = 0.9046). Conclusion: These results indicate that the new hindfoot alignment angle is a reliable measure of hindfoot valgus and can differentiate between flatfoot and normal patients. In addition, the strong linear relationship between the hindfoot alignment angle and moment arm may allow for the use of this angle in the intraoperative correction of hindfoot valgus. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case control study.
Electrophysiological and Antiarrhythmic Properties of Potassium Canrenoate During Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion
Authors: Alexandre Joachim , Beygui Farzin , Puddu Paolo-Emilio , Manrique Alain , Rouet René , Milliez Paul 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Recent clinical studies have reported the potential benefit of an early mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade with potassium canrenoate (PC) on ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) occurrence in patients experiencing an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, most of the electrophysiological properties of PC demonstrated to date have been investigated in normoxic conditions, and therefore, in vitro experiments during an acute myocardial ischemia–reperfusion were lacking. Materials and Methods: We used rabbit in vitro models and standard microelectrode technique to assess the electrophysiological impact of PC during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion, including right ventricle mimicking the “border zone” existing between normal and ischemic/reperfused areas (1 µmol/L, 10 and 100 nmol/L), isolated right ventricle, and sinoatrial node (SAN) experiments (1 µmol/L, respectively). Results: During ischemia–reperfusion, acute superfusion of PC 100 nmol/L prevented the increase in action potential (AP) duration at 90% of repolarization (APD90) dispersion between ischemic and nonischemic areas and in VAs occurrence induced by aldosterone 10 nmol/L (86 ± 3 vs 114 ± 4 milliseconds for aldosterone alone, P < .05). Potassium canrenoate also induced conduction blocks and significantly decreased Vmax during simulated ischemia (from 25 ± 5 to 12 ± 4, 14 ± 3, and 14 ± 5 V/s, respectively, for PC 1 µmol/L, 100, and 10 nmol/L, P < .05). Potassium canrenoate 1 µmol/L demonstrated cycle length (CL)-dependent effects on APD90 and on Vmax, and it also reduced SAN beating CL (from 446 ± 28 to 529 ± 24 millisecond, P < .05). Conclusion: Our experimental study highlights new evidence for an antiarrhythmic impact of PC during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion via multiple channels modulation. These results are in line with recent clinical trials suggesting that an early MR blockade in STEMI may be preventive of VAs.
Bariatric surgery in adolescents: what do we know so far?
Authors: Beamish A. J. , Johansson S. E. , Olbers T. 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Obesity represents a vast and rapidly increasing global burden. Bariatric surgery is the only intervention achieving sustained weight loss, among its wide-ranging benefits. Methods: In this article, we describe the growing challenges presented by adolescents with severe obesity and review the literature on surgical and other treatment options. Results: Outcomes in terms of weight loss, metabolic and quality of life improvement, reversal of obstructive sleep apnea, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia appear comparable to those seen in adults. However, long-term data on safety and sustainability are lacking. There is a growing acceptance of the need for surgery as a treatment for the morbidly obese adolescent population, and the number of studies reporting outcomes after adolescent bariatric surgery is increasing. Conclusion: Accumulating evidence suggests that the benefits seen in adult bariatric surgery can be reproduced in adolescents. Thus, adolescent bariatric surgery appears to be safe and effective in achieving benefits desired in terms of weight control and improvements in metabolic health and quality of life. However, particular care must be taken when treating a young population, and long-term outcomes are awaited to properly define indications and limitations.
The gluten‐free diet and its current application in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: Ciacci Carolina , Ciclitira Paul , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Kaukinen Katri , Ludvigsson Jonas F , McGough Norma , Sanders David S , Woodward Jeremy , Leonard Jonathan N , Swift Gillian L 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundA gluten‐free diet (GFD) is currently the only available therapy for coeliac disease (CD).ObjectivesWe aim to review the literature on the GFD, the gluten content in naturally gluten‐free (GF) and commercially available GF food, standards and legislation concerning the gluten content of foods, and the vitamins and mineral content of a GFD.MethodsWe carried out a PubMed search for the following terms: Gluten, GFD and food, education, vitamins, minerals, calcium, Codex wheat starch and oats. Relevant papers were reviewed and for each topic a consensus among the authors was obtained.ConclusionPatients with CD should avoid gluten and maintain a balanced diet to ensure an adequate intake of nutrients, vitamins, fibre and calcium. A GFD improves symptoms in most patients with CD. The practicalities of this however, are difficult, as (i) many processed foods are contaminated with gluten, (ii) staple GF foods are not widely available, and (iii) the GF substitutes are often expensive. Furthermore, (iv) the restrictions of the diet may adversely affect social interactions and quality of life. The inclusion of oats and wheat starch in the diet remains controversial.
Career progression of men and women doctors in the UK NHS: a questionnaire study of the UK medical qualifiers of 1993 in 2010/2011
Authors: Svirko Elena , Lambert Trevor W , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: November 2014

Summary Objectives To report the career progression of a cohort of UK medical graduates in mid-career, comparing men and women. Design Postal and questionnaire survey conducted in 2010/2011, with comparisons with earlier surveys. Setting UK. Participants In total, 2507 responding UK medical graduates of 1993. Main outcome measures Doctors’ career specialties, grade, work location and working pattern in 2010/2011 and equivalent data in earlier years. Results The respondents represented 72% of the contactable cohort; 90% were working in UK medicine and 7% in medicine outside the UK; 87% were in the UK NHS (87% of men and 86% of women). Of doctors in the NHS, 70.6% of men and 52.0% of women were in the hospital specialties and the great majority of the others were in general practice. Within hospital specialties, a higher percentage of men than women were in surgery, and a higher percentage of women than men were in paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, clinical oncology, pathology and psychiatry. In the NHS, 63% of women and 8% of men were working less-than-full-time (in general practice, 19% of men and 83% of women; and in hospital specialties, 3% of men and 46% of women). Among doctors who had always worked full-time, 94% of men and 87% of women GPs were GP principals; in hospital practice, 96% of men and 93% of women had reached consultant level. Conclusions The 1993 graduates show a continuing high level of commitment to the NHS. Gender differences in seniority lessened considerably when comparing doctors who had always worked full-time.
Vitamin C treatment attenuates hemorrhagic shock related multi-organ injuries through the induction of heme oxygenase-1
Authors: Zhao Bing , Fei Jian , Chen Ying , Ying Yi-Lin , Ma Li , Song Xiao-Qin , Huang Jie , Chen Er-Zhen , Mao En-Qiang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Vitamin C (VitC) has recently been shown to exert beneficial effects, including protecting organ function and inhibiting inflammation, in various critical care conditions, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a heat shock protein, has been shown to prevent organ injuries in hemorrhagic shock (HS) but the relationship between VitC and HO-1 are still ill-defined so far. Here we conducted a systemic in vivo study to investigate if VitC promoted HO-1 expression in multiple organs, and then tested if the HO-1 induction property of VitC was related to its organ protection and anti-inflammatory effect.

Methods
Firstly, to determine the HO-1 induction property of VitC, the HO-1 level were measured in tissues including kidney, liver and lung of the normal and HS model of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after VitC treatment (100 mg/kg body weight). Secondly, to testify if VitC prevented HS related organ injuries via inducing HO-1, the HS model of rats were separately pre- and post-treated with VitC, and some of them also received Zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp), a specific HO-1 inhibitor. The HO-1 activity in tissues was tested; the organ injuries (as judged by histological changes in tissues and the biochemical indicators level in serum) and inflammatory response in tissues (as judged by the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 ) were analyzed.

Results
The HO-1 mRNA and protein level in kidney, liver, and lung were highly induced by VitC treatement under normal and HS conditions. The HO-1 activity in tissues was enhanced by both VitC pre- and post-treatment, which was shown to improve the organ injuries and inhibit the inflammatory response in the HS model of rats. Of note, the beneficial effects of VitC were abolished after HO-1 activity was blocked by Znpp.

Conclusions
VitC led to a profound induction of HO-1 in multiple organs including the kidney, liver and lung, and this property might be responsible for the organ protection and inflammation inhibitory effects of both pre- and post-treatment with VitC in HS.
Synthesis and field emission studies of tower-like GaN nanowires
Authors: Liu Yihe , Meng Xianquan , Wan Xiang , Wang Zelong , Huang Huihui , Long Hao , Song Zengcai , Fang Guojia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Tower-like GaN nanowires were successfully fabricated on Au-coated Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The tower-like nanowire consisted of a nanowire at the center and microcrystal layers stacked one by one around the nanowire. The tower-like nanowires grew along the [0001] direction, and the exposed surfaces of the microcrystal layers are

10

1
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1

and

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1
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1
¯

facets. The growth mechanism of the tower-like GaN nanowires was proposed. The field emission property of tower-like GaN nanowires was tested. Due to the sharp tips, nearly vertical alignment and rough surfaces caused by the microcrystal layers, the tower-like GaN nanowires show excellent performance in field emission with a turn-on field of 2.44 V/μm which is lower than those of other GaN one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials.

PACS

81.15.Gh; 68.37.Lp; 68.37.Vj