bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum anti-flagellin antibodies implicate subclinical bowel inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: an observational study
Authors: Wallis Dinny , Asaduzzaman Arundip , Weisman Michael , Haroon Nigil , Anton Ammepa , McGovern Dermot , Targan Stephan , Inman Robert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share genetic and clinical features. IBD is associated with the presence of antibodies to a variety of commensal microorganisms including anti-Saccharomyces cerevesiae antibodies (ASCA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-I2 (associated with anti-Pseudomonas activity), anti-Eschericia coli outer membrane porin C (anti-OmpC) and anti-flagellin antibodies (anti-CBir1). Subclinical intestinal inflammation may be present in up to 65% of patients with AS. This study evaluated the presence of antimicrobial antibodies in patients with AS alone, patients with AS and concomitant IBD (AS-IBD) and a control group of patients with mechanical back pain (MBP).

Methods
Sera were tested by ELISA for ASCA IgG and IgA, anti-OmpC, anti-CBir1 and ANCA in 76 patients with AS alone, 77 patients with AS-IBD and 48 patients with MBP. Antibody positivity rates, median quantitative antibody levels and the proportion of patients with antibody levels in the 4th quartile of a normal distribution were compared between the three groups of patients.

Results
Patients with AS alone demonstrated higher anti-CBir1 antibody positivity rates and median antibody levels than MBP patients. Anti-CBir1 positivity in AS was associated with elevation of acute phase reactants. AS-IBD patients demonstrated elevated responses when compared to AS alone for ASCA, anti-OmpC and anti-CBir1. Quartile analysis confirmed the findings.

Conclusions
These data suggest that adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens occur in AS patients without clinical IBD and support the theory of mucosal dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of AS.
Assessment of antibody-dependent respiratory burst activity from mouse neutrophils onPlasmodium yoeliimalaria challenge outcome
Authors: Llewellyn David , de Cassan Simone C , Williams Andrew R , Douglas Alexander D , Forbes Emily K , Adame-Gallegos Jaime R , Shi Jianguo , Pleass Richard J , Draper Simon J 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNew tools are required to expedite the development of an effective vaccine against the blood-stage infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This work describes the assessment of the ADRB assay in a mouse model, characterizing the functional interaction between antimalarial serum antibodies and FcRs upon neutrophils. We describe a reproducible, antigen-specific assay, dependent on functional FcR signaling, and show that ADRB activity is induced equally by IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes and is modulated by blocking FcR function. However, following immunization of mice with the blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen MSP142, no measurable ADRB activity was induced against PEMS and neither was vaccine efficacy modulated against Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage challenge in γ−/− mice compared with WT mice. In contrast, following a primary, nonlethal P. yoelii parasite challenge, serum from vaccinated mice and nonimmunized controls showed anti-PEMS ADRB activity. Upon secondary challenge, nonimmunized γ−/− mice showed a reduced ability to control blood-stage parasitemia compared with immunized γ−/− mice; however, WT mice, depleted of their neutrophils, did not lose their ability to control infection. Thus, whereas neutrophil-induced ADRB against PEMS does not appear to play a role in protection against P. yoelii rodent malaria, induction of ADRB activity after challenge suggests that antigen targets of anti-PEMS ADRB activity remain to be established, as well as further supporting the observation that ADRB activity to P. falciparum arises following repeated natural exposure.
DAPK2 positively regulates motility of neutrophils and eosinophils in response to intermediary chemoattractants
Authors: Geering Barbara , Stoeckle Christina , Rožman Saša , Oberson Kevin , Benarafa Charaf , Simon Hans-Uwe 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe tight regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis is crucial for initiation and resolution of inflammation. Here, we show that DAPK2, a Ca2+/CaM-sensitive serine/threonine kinase known to modulate cell death in various cell types, is a novel regulator of migration in granulocytes. We demonstrate that human neutrophils and eosinophils express DAPK2 but unlike other leukocytes, no DAPK1 or DAPK3 protein. When DAPK activities were blocked by inhibitors, we found that neither granulocyte lifespan nor phagocytosis was affected. However, such pharmacological inactivation of DAPK activity abolished motility of granulocytes in response to intermediary but not end-target chemoattractants ex vivo. The defect in chemotaxis in DAPK2-inactive granulocytes is likely a result of reduced polarization of the cells, mediated by a lack of MLC phosphorylation, resulting in radial F-actin and pseudopod formation. As neutrophils treated with DAPKi also showed reduced recruitment to the site of inflammation in a mouse peritonitis model, DAPK2 may be a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
A fairy tale is more than just a fairy tale
Authors: Zipes Jack 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In focusing on the interaction between various mediations of the fairy tale, Zipes refutes dichotomies of print vs oral controversies that scholars – especially Willem de Blécourt in Tales of Magic, Tales of Print (2011) and Ruth Bottigheimer in Fairy Tales: A New History (2009) – have been promoting to paint a misinformed history of fairy tales as having literary (rather than oral) origins. Zipes changes the terms of the debate by arguing that researchers should turn their attention to recent sophisticated and innovative theories of storytelling, cultural evolution, human communication and memetics to see how fairy tales enable us to understand why we are disposed towards them and how they ‘breathe’ life into our daily undertakings.
The narrowing of literacy
Authors: Barrs Myra 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A succinct history of the rise of synthetic phonics and the fall of literacy, from the late 1970s to 2012 in the UK. Includes discussion on how government reports, from the 1975 Bullock Report to the 2009 Rose Report, contributed to the ascendance of phonics as the only legislated method of reading instruction.
‘Reiterative divergence’: Reflections on Maurice Ssendak’s Bumble-Ardy and Kenzaburô Ôe’s reimagining of Outside Over There
Authors: Joseph Michael 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper discusses the six pages of free-form drawing in the middle of Maurice Sendak’s Bumble-Ardy, in terms of Japanese Nobel laureate Kenzaburô Ôe’s idea of ‘reiterative divergence,’ by which ‘meaning emerges [within a text] from the progression of slight variations’. I contextualize my cross-cultural borrowing by discussing Ôe’s analysis of Sendak’s Outside Over There, and exploring its revelatory and interpretive functions within Ôe’s novel, The Changeling. Beginning from the premise that Sendak is affirming his art as a mode of self-expression and self-revelation for which he has created both private and cultural symbols that he repeats and varies, I reference Sendak’s published interviews in an attempt to identify areas of significant personal interest—such as death, music, art, the purpose and function of artistic expression, sexuality and love. I also provide textual evidence for the claim that Outside Over There provides the Ur-text for this centre cut of Bumble-Ardy; As an example of reiterative divergence as a mode of critical explication, I advance an original interpretation of Outside Over There, suggesting that the central meaning of the text lies in Ida’s need to come to terms with the loss of her father, a mirror image of Sendak’s own yearning for a ‘lost’ daughter.
Picturing words: Creating illustration for a novel
Authors: Smy Pam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article explores the visual research undertaken by an illustrator in response to a manuscript written for children by the author, Linda Newbery, published by David Fickling Books in 2010. In response to the text, the illustrator documents the variety of forms in which imagery for publication is researched and created, with emphasis on the role that the sketchbook can play as a research tool for the illustrator.
Textual travels and transformations: Or, a tale of two lives of The Beginning, Progress and End of Man (1650)
Authors: Reid-Walsh Jacqueline 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Based on archival research, this essay traces the travels and transformations in a little known, religious flap book The Beginning, Progress and End of Man, circulating as both a published and home-produced text for around two hundred years. Composed as a strip with flaps that could be turned up or down either with or against the grain of the narrative, it contains simple rhymes with crude woodcut images. Directed to a wide audience, including children, it was first published in England during the Civil War, and occasionally re-published in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the late eighteenth century it traveled to America, was reworked into a book format and repurposed as a literacy text for a gendered child audience. It continued to be published for another hundred years. In both counties children made their own versions as domestic activities.
Youth, Facebook and politics in South Africa
Authors: Bosch Tanja 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Social networking sites, Facebook in particular, are growing in popularity in South Africa. With the increasing affordability of mobile handsets, users are able to access the mobile Internet and connect via mobile social networking applications. This article explores how Facebook is used by South African youth, with particular reference to their political participation and involvement. Research has shown the declining involvement of young people in political processes, particularly since democratic elections in 1994. This is an international trend, with a general global rise of political apathy and decreased news consumption among youth. However, Facebook and other new media applications widely used by young people have been seen as a potential vehicle to re-engage youth in political debate. The potential usefulness of such applications for creating networked publics and mobilizing political action was highlighted recently during the Arab Spring; and conversely, Facebook and Twitter have been used (e.g. in the United States) to target potential youth voters. The notion of e-democracy has raised the potential of the Internet to enhance political action and activism. The article draws on a national quantitative survey and Cape Town-based focus groups with South African youth in order to explore the links between Facebook use and political participation. The article argues that youth are engaging with alternative forms of political subactivism that work at the margins of the dominant public sphere.
Facebook and public debate: An informal learning tool for the youth
Authors: Hyde-Clarke Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to introduce and assess the effectiveness of Facebook as an informal learning tool in a postgraduate Communication Studies course, and whether it may be used to facilitate greater public debate around the role of the media and democracy in South Africa. A group of postgraduate students at the University of Johannesburg were encouraged to engage in online discussions using Media Works, a Facebook group designed by Media Monitoring Africa. The duration of the assignment was six weeks and was run from 13 August to 21 September 2012. Each week new topics related to the role of the media in society were identified for discussion. Although all were familiar with Facebook, students adopted a more academic approach and thereby unintentionally worked contrary to the more informal conversational mechanisms associated with this social network site. This article considers the comments posted during this period and the students’ perceptions of the experience, and thus explores the potential offered and challenges posed by using Facebook as an informal learning tool to encourage public debate at the postgraduate level.
Prepaid social media and mobile discourse in South Africa
Authors: Walton Marion , Leukes Pierrinne 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Broad adoption of social network sites and mobile messaging in South Africa has made many-to-many communication increasingly accessible. This article tackles ongoing issues of differentiated access to and use of mobile communication, and particularly the specific digital materialities involved in mobile-centric access to the Internet. Specific local patterns of adoption and participation are sketched, in particular the influence of differential commodification of mobile communication, the tiered functionality of phones and cost saving through avoidance of high prepaid data tariffs. We present three distinctive case studies of mobile political discourse during The Spear controversy in May 2012 – activists’ MXit profiles, a popular Facebook group, the New Political Forum, and Facebook status updates posted from mobile applications. Both community dynamics in the Facebook group and the limited use of mobile link-sharing in the status updates suggest that commodified communication can stifle certain kinds of mobile participation in public discourse. While mobile use has expanded access to online political discourse, computer and smartphone users occupy a strategic position in a broader social media ecology, where Facebook updates connect with instant messaging, everyday talk and Google and Facebook rankings, where increasingly the question is not only ‘who speaks’, but also ‘who gets heard’.
Selective believability: A perspective on Africans’ interactions with global media
Authors: Abubakar Abdullahi Tasiu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The transformation of the media landscape, facilitated by advances in communications technologies, has changed the dynamics of media-audience relationship and posed new challenges to reception research. Perhaps nowhere is this as profound as it is in transnational audience studies, for cross-cultural interactions have never been wider. This article attempts to highlight a new perspective on African audiences’ engagement with global media and point to new postulates in audience research. It briefly reviews key reception theories, ranging from the effects tradition to active audience paradigm and encoding-decoding model. It then offers a case study on Northern Nigerians’ interactions with international media, particularly the BBC World Service, to unveil the patterns and consequences of such interactions. The mainly Muslim Northern Nigerians were found to be high consumers of western media products, especially the BBC’s, but with high level of selectivity. Although they regard BBC as the most credible broadcaster that aids their understanding of international affairs and influences their everyday lives, they still see it as a western ideological instrument that portrays the West positively and depicts the Islamic world and Africa negatively. The findings reveal patterns and particularities of postcolonial audiences’ consumption of transnational media that suggest new theoretical postulates in reception research. They indicate the audiences’ tendency to exhibit a phenomenon of ‘selective believability’ in their interactions with international media. They also highlight the mediating roles of religion, culture, ideology and other extra-communication factors in such interactions, and identify the dynamics of credibility and believability. Credibility appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for believability in audiences’ consumption of dissonant messages.
Two New Case Reports of Propofol Abuse and a Pattern Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Welliver Mark D , Bertrand Anita , Garza Jennifer , Baker Kathy 
Published: October 2013

Propofol has become the most widely used sedation and anesthetic drug worldwide. Previously it was thought to lack abuse and dependence potential. Increased awareness of actual propofol abuse cases, however, is providing greater understanding of the associated (or perceived) motivations and rewards of propofol abuse. We report the details of two new propofol abuse cases including the motivations for choosing this drug, abuse practices, subjective experiences, and outcomes. An exploration of reported objective and subjective patterns in propofol abuse case reports was conducted using a modified process of thematic (pattern) analysis. These patterns include: healthcare providers are the most frequent propofol abusers, hospital drug diversion is a primary access, abuse regimens consist of frequent injections, there often exists underlying psychological unrest, typically there is a history of prior drug and alcohol abuse, abusers are seeking relief from anxiety and stress along with restful sleep, abusers report a craving desire, death is frequently an outcome, and rehabilitation programs can be effective treatments. We conclude restrictive control of propofol is necessary to better monitor and control its abuse.
Selected African American First-Time Teenage Mothers' Perceptions of Nurse Caring Behaviors During The Postpartum Period
Authors: Potter Danita Renae , Condon Esther H. , Montgomery Arlene J. , Muhammad Toni Sims , McGee Zina T. 
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe African American teen mothers’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviors during the postpartum period in a rural southern state. African Americans have unique cultural needs; thus, it is critical for the science of nursing to explore and describe African American teenage mothers’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviors during the postpartum period. By exploring and describing African American first-time teenage mothers’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviors, the researcher will help nursing science gain insight into how to facilitate and enhance postpartum care for young families. An exploratory descriptive design was used and descriptive analyses were conducted on demographic characteristics and CBA subscales to answer the research question: How do African American first-time teenage mothers describe nursing behaviors and identify the most important nursing behaviors that they received during the postpartum period? Findings indicated that there was statistical significance for the independent variable, decision making for your health, and the Caring Behaviors Assessment (CBA) subscales of humanism/faith-hope/sensitivity (p = 0.050), human needs assistance (p = 0.052), and the demographic characteristics. The analysis revealed attentive to needs was a common theme.
An Evaluation to assess the Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Chickenpox in Children among Mothers having Children below 10 years of age residing at selected community area of Allahabad (India)
Authors: Joseph Jemy Elizabeth , Mathew Shiju 
Published: October 2013

Chickenpox is a worldwide disease and is no respecter race or class. The incidence increases in spring & winter months in the temperate zones. In the tropics, the peak incidence is during winter and early spring. The disease in fact started spreading from February itself. Lack of knowledge among common people on preventing water contamination is helping the virus to spread rapidly. The descriptive study attempts to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of chickenpox among mothers of below 10 years of age children who are residing at Naini, Allahabad with a view to develop an information booklet. Method: The study involved single group test without a control, using non-experimental descriptive design, with non-probability convenient sampling. 60 women were involved in data collection by using structured questionnaire. The study came to an end by implementation of information booklet on chickenpox and its prevention and management, and the results were described using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The overall mean knowledge score was found to be 48.86 % and S.D 5.87. The highest mean knowledge score was found on general health (46.5%). The mean knowledge score varied from 46.5% to 55.6% on different aspects of chickenpox. Chi-square test implies that there was a statistically significant association between selected demographic variables with knowledge of prevention and home care management of chickenpox at 5 percent level. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that there is lack of knowledge of prevention and home care management of chickenpox among mothers and the results revealed that distribution of information booklet on chickenpox and its prevention and management will be helpful for the women to gain knowledge.
Nurses’ Job satisfaction and Burnout : Is there a Connection?
Authors: Rosales Rheajane Aguilar , Rosales Gilbey Lao , Labrague Leodoro Jabien 
Published: October 2013

Burnout associated with stress has been documented in healthcare professionals including nurses and is considered as one of the potential hazards occurring among individuals who do “people work” (Cherniss, 1980). This study aimed to determine the level of job satisfaction and burnout among nurses in three government hospitals of Samar, Philippines. Descriptive-correlational method of research was utilized to all (48) regular nurses in three Government Hospitals of Western Samar, Philippines. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Pul E. Spector, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by Cristina Maslach were administered to the respondents. Findings indicated that respondents experienced a moderate level of burnout and claimed to be slightly unsatisfied with their job. The highest scored subscale on the JSS was the Nature of the Work (m = 3.97) while the lowest scored subscale was the Fringe Benefit (m = 2.40). Findings revealed that the highest ranked subscale on the MBI was the Emotional Exhaustion (m = 3.28). On the other hand, Depersonalization subscale was the lowest scored subscale with a mean of 2.74. Analyses also showed that there is a significant relationship between the respondent’s level of burnout and their level of Job Satisfaction. The result showed a statistically significant relationship between the nurse-respondents level of burnout and their level of job satisfaction which may affect on the quality of care given to their patients. Thus, proper measures must be made to prevent and manage nurses’ burnout. Furthermore, it proposed a job enrichment program to increase the level of job satisfaction and prevent burnout.
Nurse Caring: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Potter Danita R. , Fogel Joshua 
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on caring among nurses. The approach utilized studies on nurse caring behaviors in a variety of patient care settings. Articles published between 1987-2012 in the CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed databases were used. Overall, fourteen different articles were deemed relevant and were included in the review. The review articles were grouped into three categories which were Acute/Surgical, Community/Institutionalized, and Postpartum/Childbirth. In conclusion, human needs assistance was a consistent aspect of caring valued by patients. We recommend that nurses learn their patient’s likes and dislikes while also providing for topics related to patient physical needs. Also when caring for children, nurses should use entertainment and humor as part of their caring approach.