bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Lens Implantation Procedures in Aphakic Eyes With Insufficient Capsular Support Associated With Previous Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hazar Leyla , Kara Necip , Bozkurt Ercument , Ozgurhan Engin Bilge , Demirok Ahmet 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
The aim was to evaluate the results of three different secondary intraocular lens implantation (IOL) procedures in aphakic eyes without capsular support

METHODS:
In this retrospective comparative case series, 90 eyes of 90 patients who underwent secondary IOL implantation for correction of aphakia were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups based on the secondary IOL implantation procedure: anterior chamber iris-fixated IOL (AC-IFIOL), retropupillary iris-fixated IOL (RP-IFIOL), and scleral-fixated posterior chamber IOL (SF-PCIOL). The efficacy and safety of each procedure were assessed at follow-up.

RESULTS:

All eyes had aphakia caused by a previous cataract surgery. A final corrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 22 eyes (62.9%) implanted with an AC-IFIOL, in 12 eyes (50%) with an RP-IFIOL, and 18 eyes (58.1%) with an SF-PCIOL. At final visit, mean postoperative endothelial cell loss was 175 cells/mm
2
(7.2%) in the AC-IFIOL group, 255 cells/mm
2
(11.4%) in the RP-IFIOL group, and 135 cells/mm
2
(5.9%) in the AC-IFIOL group (
P
> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The study showed that AC-IFIOL, RP-IFIOL, and SF-PCIOL implantation had similar visual outcomes and mean corneal endothelial cell loss.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(10):685–691.]
Analysis of Waveform-Derived ORA Parameters in Early Forms of Keratoconus and Normal Corneas
Authors: Ventura Bruna V. , Machado Aydano P. , Ambrósio Renato , Ribeiro Guilherme , Araújo Luana N. , Luz Allan , Lyra João Marcelo 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) performance in differentiating grades I and II keratoconus from normal corneas using 41 parameters individually and to assess the effect of analyzing all parameters together.

METHODS:

This study compared the mean value of 41 ORA parameters in grades I and II keratoconus with healthy age-matched control eyes. Only eyes with a central corneal thickness between 500 and 600
μ
m were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for each of the 41 parameters independently and for all of the parameters together.

RESULTS:
This study included 136 eyes with normal corneas and 68 eyes with grades I and II keratoconus. When analyzed individually, four ORA parameters (p1area, p1area1, p2area, and p2area1) had an area under the curve greater than 0.900 for discriminating between both groups. The p2area was the parameter that achieved the largest area under the curve individually (0.931). The area under the curve increased to 0.978 when analyzing all parameters together.

CONCLUSION:
Alternative ORA parameters are better for differentiating grades I and II keratoconus from normal corneas than the four parameters originally available for ophthalmologists (corneal hysteresis, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, and corneal resistance factor). Although the ORA did not achieve 100% accuracy, the discrimination between these two groups was optimized by combining all parameters.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(9):637–643.]
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Pediatric Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Schultz Tim , Ezeanosike Edak , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To report femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in pediatric Marfan syndrome.

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
A 10-year-old boy with ectopia lentis due to Marfan syndrome underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (Catalys Precision Laser System; OptiMedica, Sunnyvale, CA) under general anesthesia. Anterior capsulotomy was performed on the decentered lens. Routine irrigation/aspiration devices were used for lens and cortex removal. Centration of the capsular bag was achieved using a Cionni scleral fixation ring. A foldable intraocular lens was implanted. A free-positioned and precise sized capsulotomy was cut by the femtosecond laser. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed within the 10 weeks of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of a femtosecond laser has potential to perform a circular, well-centered capsulotomy for subsequent capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation without decentration in patients with Marfan syndrome.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(9):650–652.]
Air Puff Induced Corneal Vibrations: Theoretical Simulations and Clinical Observations
Authors: Han Zhaolong , Tao Chen , Zhou Dai , Sun Yong , Zhou Chuanqing , Ren Qiushi , Roberts Cynthia J. 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate air puff induced corneal vibrations and their relationship to the intraocular pressure (IOP), viscoelasticity, mass, and elasticity of the cornea based on theoretical simulations and preliminary clinical observations.

METHODS:
To simulate the corneal movement during air puff deformation, a kinematic viscoelastic corneal model was developed involving the factors of corneal mass, damping coefficient, elasticity, and IOP. Different parameter values were taken to investigate how factors would affect the corneal movements. Two clinical ocular instruments, CorVis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, Inc., Buffalo, NY), were employed to observe the corneal dynamical behaviors.

RESULTS:
Numerical results showed that during the air puff deformation, there would be vibrations along with the corneal deformation, and the damping viscoelastic response of the cornea had the potential to reduce the vibration amplitude. With consistent IOP, the overall vibration amplitude and inward motion depths were smaller with a stiffer cornea.

CONCLUSIONS:
A kinematic viscoelastic model of the cornea is presented to illustrate how the vibrations are associated with factors such as corneal mass, viscoelasticity, and IOP. Also, the predicted corneal vibrations during air puff deformation were confirmed by clinical observation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):208–213.]
The Effect of Femtosecond Laser Capsulotomy on the Development of Posterior Capsule Opacification
Authors: Kovács Illés , Kránitz Kinga , Sándor Gábor L. , Knorz Michael C. , Donnenfeld Eric D. , Nuijts Rudy M. , Nagy Zoltán Z. 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate and compare the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy and manual anterior capsulorhexis on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) development.

METHODS:
Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy was performed in 40 eyes of 40 patients (FS group) and manual anterior capsulorhexis was performed in 39 eyes of 39 patients (CCC group). An AcrySof one-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) was implanted in all eyes. The PCO level was measured using Open-Access Systematic Capsule Assessment (OSCA) software 18 to 26 months after surgery. Postoperative intraocular lens position (ie, tilt and decentration) was measured using Scheimpflug images (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

RESULTS:

There was no statistically significant difference in age, axial length, and follow-up time between the two groups (
P
> .05). Vertical tilt, horizontal and total decentration of intraocular lenses, and PCO proved to be significantly higher in the CCC group (
P
= .03, .04, .03, and .01, respectively). After adjusting for axial length and follow-up time, manual anterior capsulorhexis was found to be a significant predictor of higher PCO scores in the multivariable regression model (β: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.65;
P
= .04). Vertical tilt affected PCO scores after adjusting for axial length and follow-up time (β: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.12;
P
= .02). No capsulotomies were performed during follow-up in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy proved to be a safe procedure for postoperative PCO rates. Due to better intraocular lens position, femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy resulted in slightly decreased PCO scores; however, evaluating its clinical significance requires further studies.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):154–158.]
The Role of the Mesopic Pupil on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Young Patients With Myopia 1 Month After Wavefront-Guided LASIK
Authors: Schallhorn Steven , Brown Mitch , Venter Jan , Hettinger Keith , Hannan Stephen 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To determine the relationship between low-light pupil size and patient-reported outcomes 1 month after wavefront-guided LASIK in young patients with myopia.

METHODS:
Retrospective case series of 10,944 eyes of 5,563 young patients with myopia who underwent wavefront-guided LASIK (6.0-mm optical zone). Preoperative pupil size was measured under low-light conditions with an infrared pupillometer. Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated at 1 month postoperatively. A questionnaire was administered to assess patient-reported outcomes including satisfaction with the procedure, night driving, and glare and halo visual symptoms.

RESULTS:

The average patient age was 29.8 years (range: 18 to 40 years). The mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent of −3.49 diopters (D) (range: −0.50 to −11.75 D) was reduced to −0.04 ± 0.29 D at 1 month, with 94% of eyes achieving an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better. The mean low-light pupil diameter was 6.6 mm (range: 4 to 9 mm) and 1,514 patients (27.2%) had a diameter of 8 mm or larger. No correlation between pupil diameter and patient-reported outcomes was found (r range: −0.02 to 0.07). Logistic regression analysis identified postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and postoperative manifest refraction as significant predictors of night halo complaints after wavefront-guided LASIK (
P
< .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large series of young patients with myopia treated with wavefront-guided LASIK, low-light pupil diameter was not predictive of surgery satisfaction, ability to perform activities, or visual symptoms at 1 month postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):159–165.]
AcuTarget Measurements: Repeatability and Comparison to OPD-Scan III
Authors: Guilbert Emmanuel , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate repeatability of the AcuTarget (SensoMotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany) measurements and compare them to those obtained with the OPD-Scan III (NIDEK, Inc., Fremont, CA).

METHODS:

Measurements were taken with the AcuTarget and OPD-Scan III in 62 eyes of 31 patients. Results were compared using paired Student’s
t
tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and 95% limits of agreement.

RESULTS:

Repeatability of the AcuTarget was good with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.773, 0.777, and 0.780 for Purkinje-versus-pupil along the x-axis, y-axis, and chord length measurements, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between the AcuTarget and OPD-Scan III for Purkinje-versus-pupil measurement along the x-axis (
P
= .061) and chord length (
P
= .950). Conversely, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two systems for measurements along the y-axis (
P
< .001). No statistical difference was found between the mean of the first three acquisitions and the best acquisition obtained with the AcuTarget.

CONCLUSIONS:
Measurements provided by the AcuTarget have good repeatability and are close to those obtained with the OPD-Scan III. Although controversies remain on where to best center refractive procedures, this may help in analyzing the importance of refractive surgery centration in relation to visual acuity and visual symptoms.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):180–185.]
Prevalence of Macular Anatomic Abnormalities in High Myopia
Authors: Henaine-Berra Andrée , Zand-Hadas Igal M. , Fromow-Guerra Jans , García-Aguirre Gerardo 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Macular anatomic abnormalities in high myopia are more frequent in the presence of posterior staphyloma. The objective was to determine the prevalence of foveoschisis, foveal detachment, vascular traction, epiretinal membrane (ERM), and macular hole (MH) in eyes with high myopia by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Prospective, observational study. Eyes with myopia greater than 8 diopters (D) were included. Results were analyzed using chi-square and Student’sttests.RESULTS:The study included 116 eyes of 72 patients. Mean spherical equivalent: −15.04 ± 5.33 D. Mean axial length: 28.88 ± 2.31 mm. Foveoschisis was observed in 17 eyes (14.65%), vascular traction in 17 (14.65%), ERM in 13 (11.2%), lamellar MH in two (1.72%), and posterior staphyloma in 41 (35.34%). Presence of foveoschisis, vascular traction, and ERM was more frequent in eyes with posterior staphyloma (P= .0001).CONCLUSION:Macular anatomic abnormalities were observed in 22.41% of eyes with high myopia and in 53.65% of eyes with posterior staphyloma.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.2013;44:140–144]
Predicting the Progression of Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration With SD-OCT En Face Imaging of the Outer Retina
Authors: Nunes Renata Portella , Gregori Giovanni , Yehoshua Zohar , Stetson Paul F. , Feuer William , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) en face imaging was used to measure the growth of geographic atrophy (GA) and identify baseline anatomic changes in the outer retina in eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective study, eyes were imaged using 200 × 200 and 512 × 128 A-scan raster patterns. Outer retinal anatomy was visualized using en face imaging of a 20-μm thick slab encompassing the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) band.

RESULTS:
En face SD-OCT imaging of the IS/OS region revealed a bilaterally symmetrical pattern of outer retinal disruption extending beyond the borders of GA that accurately predicted the progression of GA over 1 year in 13 of 30 eyes (43.3%). In the remaining cases, the area of disruption was much larger than the area of progression.

CONCLUSION:
En face imaging of the outer retina can predict the growth of GA in some eyes. Due to the bilateral symmetry of these findings, this imaging strategy may identify a genetic subset of patients in whom photoreceptor loss precedes the progression of GA. These areas with outer retinal disruption should be followed in clinical trials designed to test treatments for dry AMD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:344–359.]
Suction-Based Grasping Tool for Removal of Regular- and Irregular-Shaped Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Authors: Erlanger Michael S. , Velez-Montoya Raul , Mackenzie Douglas , Olson Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a suction-based grasping tool for the surgical removal of irregular-shaped and nonferromagnetic intraocular foreign bodies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A surgical tool with suction capabilities, consisting of a stainless steel shaft with a plastic handle and a customizable and interchangeable suction tip, was designed in order to better engage and manipulate irregular-shaped in-traocular foreign bodies of various sizes and physical properties. The maximal suction force and surgical capabilities were assessed in the laboratory and on a cadaveric eye vitrectomy model.

RESULTS:
The suction force of the water-tight seal between the intraocular foreign body and the suction tip was estimated to be approximately 40 MN. During an open-sky vitrectomy in a porcine model, the device was successful in engaging and firmly securing foreign bodies of different sizes and shapes.

CONCLUSION:
The suction-based grasping tool enables removal of irregular-shaped and nonferromagnetic foreign bodies.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:487–489.]
Local Control and Results of Leksell Gamma Knife Therapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Joye Russell P. , Williams Lloyd B. , Chan Michael D. , Witkin Andre J. , Schirmer Clemens M. , Mignano John E. , Wazer David E. , Yao Kevin C. , Wu Julian K. , Duker Jay S. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effectiveness of Leksell Gamma Knife stereotactic radio-surgery (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) with respect to local tumor control, visual acuity, and radiation side effects for uveal melanoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, non-comparative case series of 23 patients with uveal melanoma treated with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery at Tufts Medical Center from 2000 to 2012. Patients received single-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy of 20–25 gray (Gy) (mean: 21.7 Gy), primarily at the 50% isodose line. Follow-up was 4 to 121 months (median: 41.5 months). Main outcome measures included local tumor control, metastasis, visual acuity, and complications of therapy.

RESULTS:
In 21 of 23 patients (91%), local control was achieved with a single session of Gamma Knife therapy. Both patients who did not have local control, as well as a third patient (three of 23, 13%) developed liver metastases. Visual acuity was 20/200 or better in eight of 23 patients (35%) at last follow-up. Radiation side effects severe enough to cause vision loss were present in 14 of 23 patients (61%).

CONCLUSION:
Gamma Knife therapy may be an effective alternative to enucleation in patients with uveal melanoma who are deemed less satisfactory candidates for brachytherapy or wish to avoid surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:125–131.]
Active Aspiration of Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage Using a Guarded Needle
Authors: Mandelcorn Efrem D. , Kitchens John W. , Fijalkowski Natalia , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a novel technique using a guarded needle to drain suprachoroidal hemorrhage.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A guarded needle is used to drain suprachoroidal hemorrhage under direct microscope visualization. A scleral buckling sleeve is used to create a guarded 26-gauge needle to avoid over-penetration of the needle beyond the suprachoroidal space. Active extrusion can be used to drain suprachoroidal blood.

RESULTS:
The authors report two cases in which active aspiration using a guarded needle was successful in draining suprachoroidal hemorrhage without complications. In both cases, the vitreous cavity could be restored, allowing for subsequent pars plana vitrectomy.

CONCLUSION:
The technique of active aspiration using a guarded needle optimizes surgeon control of suprachoroidal hemorrhage drainage and also has the added benefit of easy transition to secondary vitrectomy after drainage has been completed.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:150–152.]
CD1dhiCD5+ B Cells Expanded by GM-CSF In Vivo Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Sheng Jian Rong , Quan Songhua , Soliven Betty 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
IL-10–competent subset within CD1dhiCD5+ B cells, also known as B10 cells, has been shown to regulate autoimmune diseases. Whether B10 cells can prevent or suppress the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) has not been studied. In this study, we investigated whether low-dose GM-CSF, which suppresses EAMG, can expand B10 cells in vivo, and whether adoptive transfer of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells would prevent or suppress EAMG. We found that treatment of EAMG mice with low-dose GM-CSF increased the proportion of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells and B10 cells. In vitro coculture studies revealed that CD1dhiCD5+ B cells altered T cell cytokine profile but did not directly inhibit T cell proliferation. In contrast, CD1dhiCD5+ B cells inhibited B cell proliferation and its autoantibody production in an IL-10–dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells to mice could prevent disease, as well as suppress EAMG after disease onset. This was associated with downregulation of mature dendritic cell markers and expansion of regulatory T cells resulting in the suppression of acetylcholine receptor–specific T cell and B cell responses. Thus, our data have provided significant insight into the mechanisms underlying the tolerogenic effects of B10 cells in EAMG. These observations suggest that in vivo or in vitro expansion of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells or B10 cells may represent an effective strategy in the treatment of human myasthenia gravis.
Bispecificity for Myelin and Neuronal Self-Antigens Is a Common Feature of CD4 T Cells in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Lucca Liliana E. , Desbois Sabine , Ramadan Abdulraouf , Ben-Nun Avraham , Eisenstein Miriam , Carrié Nadège , Guéry Jean-Charles , Sette Alessandro , Nguyen Phuong , Geiger Terrence L. , Mars Lennart T. , Liblau Roland S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The recognition of multiple ligands by a single TCR is an intrinsic feature of T cell biology, with important consequences for physiological and pathological processes. Polyspecific T cells targeting distinct self-antigens have been identified in healthy individuals as well as in the context of autoimmunity. We have previously shown that the 2D2 TCR recognizes the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitope (MOG)35–55 as well as an epitope within the axonal protein neurofilament medium (NF-M15–35) in H-2b mice. In this study, we assess whether this cross-reactivity is a common feature of the MOG35–55-specific T cell response. To this end, we analyzed the CD4 T cell response of MOG35–55-immunized C57BL/6 mice for cross-reactivity with NF-M15–35. Using Ag recall responses, we established that an important proportion of MOG35–55-specific CD4 T cells also responded to NF-M15–35 in all mice tested. To study the clonality of this response, we analyzed 22 MOG35–55-specific T cell hybridomas expressing distinct TCR. Seven hybridomas were found to cross-react with NF-M15–35. Using an alanine scan of NF-M18–30 and an in silico predictive model, we dissected the molecular basis of cross-reactivity between MOG35–55 and NF-M15–35. We established that NF-M F24, R26, and V27 proved important TCR contacts. Strikingly, the identified TCR contacts are conserved within MOG38–50. Our data indicate that due to linear sequence homology, part of the MOG35–55-specific T cell repertoire of all C57BL/6 mice also recognizes NF-M15–35, with potential implications for CNS autoimmunity.