bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole Process Management and Collaboration of Prefabricated Building Based on BIM
Authors: Yang Jing , Zuo Caixia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a modern construction method, prefabricated building has been widely used in the construction field for its high efficiency, fast and sustainable characteristics. However, the traditional construction method has some problems such as low efficiency, high cost and difficult quality control. In order to solve these problems, this paper adopts Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology as the main application method, and discusses the application of BIM in prefabricated buildings. BIM technology can improve the efficiency of design and construction, reduce errors and conflicts, and improve building quality and sustainability. Through the application of BIM technology, prefabricated buildings can better meet people’s needs for efficient, fast and sustainable construction. Through the research in this paper, the application of BIM technology enables the design and construction of building projects to be carried out more efficiently, and the application of BIM in prefabricated buildings can provide better user experience and satisfaction. This can promote the development of the construction industry in a digital and intelligent direction.
Glycaemic patterns during breastfeeding with postpartum use of closed-loop insulin delivery in women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Donovan Lois E. , Bell Rhonda C. , Feig Denice S. , Lemieux Patricia , Murphy Helen R. , Sigal Ronald J. , Ho Josephine , Virtanen Heidi , Crawford Susan , Yamamoto Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
This study aimed to describe the relationship between breastfeeding episodes and maternal glucose levels, and to assess whether this differs with closed-loop vs open-loop (sensor-augmented pump) insulin therapy.

Methods
Infant-feeding diaries were collected at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks postpartum in a trial of postpartum closed-loop use in 18 women with type 1 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were used to identify maternal glucose patterns within the 3 h of breastfeeding episodes. Generalised mixed models adjusted for breastfeeding episodes in the same woman, repeat breastfeeding episodes, carbohydrate intake, infant age at time of feeding and early pregnancy HbA1c. This was a secondary analysis of data collected during a randomised trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT04420728).

Results
CGM glucose remained above 3.9 mmol/l in the 3 h post-breastfeeding for 93% (397/427) of breastfeeding episodes. There was an overall decrease in glucose at nighttime within 3 h of breastfeeding (1.1 mmol l−1 h−1 decrease on average; p=0.009). A decrease in nighttime glucose was observed with open-loop therapy (1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/l) but was blunted with closed-loop therapy (0.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p<0.01, open-loop vs closed-loop).

Conclusions/interpretation
There is a small decrease in glucose after nighttime breastfeeding that usually does not result in maternal hypoglycaemia; this appears to be blunted with the use of closed-loop therapy.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of oxygen in shielding gas on weldability in plasma-GMA hybrid welding process of high-tensile strength steel
Authors: Trinh Quang Ngoc , Tashiro Shinichi , Suga Tetsuo , Yamaoka Hiroto , Inose Kotaro , Watanabe Kosuke , Hyoma Kengo , Tanabe Yoshihiro , Bui Van Hanh , Tanaka Manabu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the effect of oxygen in shielding gas on weldability in the plasma-GMA (Gas Metal Arc) hybrid welding process of high-tensile strength steel plates. The difference in keyhole profile and bead formation, when the GMA shielding gas was pure Ar, Ar + 2% O2, or Ar + 20% CO2, was investigated for plate thicknesses of 6 and 9 mm for the first time. It was found that the weld beads were in good condition for 6 mm thickness plates for all shielding gases, which implied that the window of welding conditions for this thickness is wide. In contrast, for 9 mm thickness plates, a fully penetrated weld bead was achieved only in Ar + 20% CO2, and weld bead penetration in Ar + 20% CO2 is higher than in pure Ar and Ar + 2% O2 in the same welding condition. Due to decreased surface tension caused by sufficiently increased oxygen absorbed into the weld pool, the keyhole diameter increased to penetrate the bottom side of the plate, and the depressing weld pool surface under GMA allowed the heat input from the GMA to be directly applied to a deeper position. Consequently, the plasma-GMA hybrid welding process with Ar + 20% CO2 achieved a complete penetration for a plate of 9 mm thickness, owing to the effects of both phenomena. It proved a potential to increase penetrability in welding thicker plates by controlling oxygen content in shielding gas of GMA adequately.
Finitely and non-finitely related words
Authors: Glasson Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn algebra is finitely related (or has finite degree) if its term functions are determined by some finite set of finitary relations. Nilpotent monoids built from words, via Rees quotients of free monoids, have been used to exhibit many interesting properties with respect to the finite basis problem. We show that much of this intriguing behaviour extends to the world of finite relatedness by using interlocking patterns called chain, crown, and maelstrom words. In particular, we show that there are large classes of non-finitely related nilpotent monoids that can be used to construct examples of: ascending chains of varieties alternating between finitely and non-finitely related; non-finitely related semigroups whose direct product are finitely related; the addition of an identity element to a non-finitely related semigroup to produce a finitely related semigroup.
Safety and efficacy of L-Glutamine in reducing the frequency of acute complications among patients with sickle cell disease: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed , Aly Nihal Hussien , Shaheen Naglaa Mohammed , Abdellatif Samah Mohammed Ahmed , Okba Ahmed Ashraf Mahmoud , Gad Nada Ayman , Makkeyah Sara Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of L-glutamine in reducing vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and improving cerebral arterial blood flow in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). This is an interventional randomized controlled trial that recruited sixty SCD patients, aged 9.2 ± 3.7 years, who had at least two VOCs during the last 12 months and on a stable dose of hydroxyurea. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive glutamine (0.3 gm/kg/dose/12h) orally for 24 weeks or the standard of care (SOC). All patients had VOCs in the last year > 3, those on glutamine had a higher number of VOCs and hospitalization for VOC in the last year. There was a decreasing trend in the number, severity, and hospitalization of VOC and a significantly lower cumulative number of VOCs and hospitalizations in the glutamine group than in SOC (p = 0.008, p < 0.001 respectively). Time-averaged mean maximum velocity for the glutamine group had a marginal increase in both middle cerebral arteries, all values remained normal within a normal range, and in both internal carotid arteries, values increased from abnormally low to normal ranges at week 24. Glutamine reduced the number of VOCs and severity and may have a potentially favorable impact on the cerebral arterial flow velocities.
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) as a potential biomarker for predicting metabolically driven low-grade and organ damage in thalassemia syndromes
Authors: Ezzat Eman Mahmoud , Bakr Salwa , Golam Rehab M. , Abdelgyed Basma Atiya , Nasr Nourhan Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP; FABP4) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of metabolically driven low-grade inflammation and organ damage. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of circulating FABP4 as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for thalassemia-associated cardiometabolic events. This case-control study enrolled 50 adults with β-thalassemia and 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, serum blood glucose, lipid profile, and ferritin levels, pelviabdominal ultrasound, ECG, and echocardiography after taking a full medical history and conducting a clinical examination. Serum levels of FABP4 were measured using an Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay. The diagnostic performance of FABP4 was assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine optimal values for excluding and confirming cardiometabolic metflammation. The thalassemia cohort exhibited a statistically significant higher concentration of FABP4 compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between FABP4 and ferritin serum levels above 800 or 1000 ug/L, as well as with ALT, TGS, and LDL (p-value < 0.05). Circulating FABP4 was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for thalassemia-associated cardiometabolic comorbidities (OR = 84.00, 95%CI:18.6–378.6, p-value < 0.001). ROC analysis determined that the FABP4 exclusionary cut-off value > 2.30 ng/ml could effectively discriminate between thalassemia-associated adverse metaflammation and controls, while the FABP4 confirmatory cut-off value was > 2.58 ng/ml. In conclusion, circulating FABP4 appears to be a potential risk factor for predicting progression to cardiometabolic events in thalassemia-associated adverse metaflammation. FABP4 holds promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for disease monitoring and risk stratification. Further validation through large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies is warranted.
Preference heterogeneity over the aspects of individual well-being: towards the construction of an applied well-being index
Authors: Arad Adi , Laufer Steven , Sharvit Zohar Or , Reingewertz Yaniv , Hartal Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeasuring the well-being of individuals is a significant challenge for social scientists, policy makers, and suppliers of social programming, since well-being consists of many dimensions that are difficult to measure, both individually and collectively. Moreover, the relative contribution of each of the various aspects to overall well-being is unknown. We try to answer this challenge using the methodology of Benjamin et al. (Am Econ Rev 104(9):2698–2735, 2014) and using a survey that measures preferences over 27 aspects of individual well-being. We provide estimates of these preferences for a representative sample of the Israeli population. We also document heterogeneity in preferences for respondents with different current levels of well-being and for different demographic groups. For some aspects of well-being, we provide evidence of decreasing marginal utility. For other aspects, we find evidence for what appears to be an increasing marginal utility but we argue that it likely reflects an endogenous determination of the level of well-being. We discuss the policy implications of our findings and how our results could be aggregated to a well-being index that could be used to evaluate and compare the effects of different policy interventions.
The awareness of operators: a goal-directed task analysis in SOCs for critical infrastructure
Authors: Ofte Håvard Jakobsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSecurity operation centers (SOCs) are increasingly established to meet the growing threat against cyber security. The operators of SOCs respond to complex incidents under time constraints. Within critical infrastructure, the consequences of human error or low performance in SOCs may be detrimental. In other domains, situation awareness (SA) has proven useful to understand and measure how operators use information and decide the correct actions. Until now, SA research in SOCs has been restricted by a lack of in-depth studies of SA mechanisms. Therefore, this study is the first to conduct a goal-directed task analysis in a SOC for critical infrastructure. The study was conducted through a targeted series of unstructured and semi-structured interviews with SOC operators and their leaders complemented by a review of documents, incident reports, and in situ observation of work within the SOC and real incidents. Among the presented findings is a goal hierarchy alongside a complete overview of the decisions the operators make during escalated incidents. How the operators gain and use SA in these decisions is presented as a complete set of SA requirements. The findings are accompanied by an analysis of contextual differences in how the operators prioritize goals and use information in network incidents and security incidents. This enables a discussion of what SA processes might be automated and which would benefit from different SA models. The study provides a unique insight into the SA of SOC operators and is thus a steppingstone for bridging the knowledge gap of Cyber SA.
Projection methods for finding the greatest element of the intersection of max-closed convex sets
Authors: Dlask Tomáš 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe focus on the problem of finding the greatest element of the intersection of max-closed convex sets. For this purpose, we analyze the famous method of cyclic projections and show that, if this method is suitably initialized and applied to max-closed convex sets, it converges to the greatest element of their intersection. Moreover, we propose another projection method, called the decreasing projection, which turns out both theoretically and practically preferable to Euclidean projections in this particular case. Next, we argue that several known algorithms, such as Bellman-Ford and Floyd-Warshall algorithms for shortest paths or Gauss-Seidel variant of value iteration in Markov decision processes, can be interpreted as special cases of iteratively applying decreasing projections onto certain max-closed convex sets. Finally, we link decreasing projections (and thus also the aforementioned algorithms) to bounds consistency in constraint programming.
Universal Finite Functorial Semi-norms
Authors: Löh Clara , Witzig Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFunctorial semi-norms on singular homology measure the “size” of homology classes. A geometrically meaningful example is the $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-semi-norm. However, the $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-semi-norm is not universal in the sense that it does not vanish on as few classes as possible. We show that universal finite functorial semi-norms do exist on singular homology on the category of topological spaces that are homotopy equivalent to finite CW-complexes. Our arguments also apply to more general settings of functorial semi-norms.
A morphogenetic characterisation of a potentially dominant African marine species in Europe
Authors: Rius Marc , Turon Xavier , Morán Paloma , Pérez Jacinto , Almón Bruno , Pahad Govan , Teske Peter R. , Vázquez Elsa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudying the early stages of the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is crucial as it allows immediate management actions aimed at preventing NIS spread at a time when these actions are more likely to be effective. Recent species introductions present unique opportunities to study key aspects of the invasion process. However, comprehensive information on how and when NIS are first introduced remains rare. We assessed the characteristics of the introduction of a member of the widespread Pyura stolonifera species group (Chordata, Tunicata) in Europe. These ascidians are important bioengineer species that can attain amongst the highest benthic biomass per surface area ever reported. We collected introduced individuals on the coast of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, an area with high shipping traffic and one of the world’s most important mussel farming regions. The specimens were analysed using taxonomic and genetic tools. Both field surveys and taxonomic analysis showed that one of the African members of the species group, Pyura herdmani, has recently been introduced to Europe and, although it does not yet form the large aggregates found in the native range, it is already well-established. Genetic data revealed that only the northwest African lineage of P. herdmani has been introduced to Europe. Considering the low dispersal capabilities of the early life-history stages of P. herdmani, the introduction of this species into Europe can only be explained via human mediated transport of NIS. In order to prevent any detrimental effects on both native biota and/or economically-important anthropogenic activities, regular monitoring of recent NIS introductions is urgently required.
Evaluating outlier probabilities: assessing sharpness, refinement, and calibration using stratified and weighted measures
Authors: Röchner Philipp , Marques Henrique O. , Campello Ricardo J. G. B. , Zimek Arthur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn outlier probability is the probability that an observation is an outlier. Typically, outlier detection algorithms calculate real-valued outlier scores to identify outliers. Converting outlier scores into outlier probabilities increases the interpretability of outlier scores for domain experts and makes outlier scores from different outlier detection algorithms comparable. Although several transformations to convert outlier scores to outlier probabilities have been proposed in the literature, there is no common understanding of good outlier probabilities and no standard approach to evaluate outlier probabilities. We require that good outlier probabilities be sharp, refined, and calibrated. To evaluate these properties, we adapt and propose novel measures that use ground-truth labels indicating which observation is an outlier or an inlier. The refinement and calibration measures partition the outlier probabilities into bins or use kernel smoothing. Compared to the evaluation of probability in supervised learning, several aspects are relevant when evaluating outlier probabilities, mainly due to the imbalanced and often unsupervised nature of outlier detection. First, stratified and weighted measures are necessary to evaluate the probabilities of outliers well. Second, the joint use of the sharpness, refinement, and calibration errors makes it possible to independently measure the corresponding characteristics of outlier probabilities. Third, equiareal bins, where the product of observations per bin times bin length is constant, balance the number of observations per bin and bin length, allowing accurate evaluation of different outlier probability ranges. Finally, we show that good outlier probabilities, according to the proposed measures, improve the performance of the follow-up task of converting outlier probabilities into labels for outliers and inliers.
Biology and pathogenicity of fungi causing husk rot of macadamia in South Africa
Authors: Twiddy Dee I. , Fouché Arista , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. , Fourie Gerda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFungal diseases of macadamia fruit in South Africa have the potential to cause notable economic damage in this rapidly growing industry. To improve our understanding of the species involved in husk rot in macadamia orchards, a survey was conducted over two consecutive growing seasons to identify Colletotrichum, Diaporthe and Calonectria spp. that are associated with husk rot-infected macadamia fruits, and to investigate the occurrence of these fungi in asymptomatic and symptomatic fruits at the four stages of fruit development. Of the 425 fungal isolates obtained from the survey, Colletotrichum and Diaporthe were the most frequently isolated genera confirming the important role that these causal agents play in the husk rot epidemics. The detection of Calonectria species was low, only from symptomatic fruits and limited to a few locations in the main macadamia-producing provinces in South Africa. Colletotrichum and Diaporthe species were detected throughout the season at different stages of fruit development and in both symptomatic and asymptomatic fruits. The study confirmed that three fungal pathogens cause husk rot of macadamia in South Africa, with Colletotrichum and Diaporthe species that may have a latent phase in macadamia fruit. Studies of the growth characteristics of the husk rot pathogens revealed varied optimal growth temperatures, which may influence their prevalence in the different provinces in South Africa where macadamia is grown. The significance of the varied prevalence and biology of the causal agents in husk rot epidemics are discussed, which may be helpful management strategies.
European screen locations in the Indian film industry: evolutionary, spatial, and collaborative perspectives
Authors: Kozina Jani , Stachowiak Krzysztof , Ciglič Rok , Gašperič Primož , Urbanc Mimi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIndia has long been known for its film industry and remains by far the largest film producer in the world, surpassing other film-producing superpowers like the US and China. A major factor in India’s dominance in the global media landscape is the outsourcing of film production, especially within Europe. Although there are studies trying to explain the context and mechanisms of foreign settings being incorporated into Indian filmmaking, this knowledge remains scattered and unsystematic. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively examine the evolutionary, spatial, and collaborative dynamics of Indian filmmaking in Europe by analysing statistical data from IMDb as the world’s largest film database. Our findings show that Indian filmmakers appeared relatively infrequently in Europe until the mid-1990s. The British Isles and Western Europe, with London and the Swiss Alps as the main centres, became the first and most popular destinations for outsourcing Indian films. However, this trend has changed in the last two decades, with the focus shifting to other areas in Southern, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe as well in recent decades. The initial wave of Bollywood productions has gradually been followed by other regional cinematographies. The increasing presence of Indian film shooting in Europe has also led to growing co-production between filmmakers on both (sub)continents. The paper provides a solid basis for further exploration of socio-economic linkages between India and Europe, especially in terms of job creation, local economic development, tourism, and cultural exchange.