bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition affects survival in African honeybees exposed to interacting stressors
Authors: Archer C. Ruth , Pirk Christian W. W. , Wright Geraldine A. , Nicolson Sue W. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Nutrition plays an important role in physiological stress resistance and by adjusting their intake of key nutrients, such as protein and carbohydrate, many animals can better resist stress.

Poor nutrition may contribute to the widespread and on‐going declines of honeybee populations by increasing their vulnerability to abiotic (e.g. pesticides) and biotic (e.g. diseases) stressors. However, we do not know how nutrition affects stress resistance in social insects such as honeybees.

Here, we examined how exposure to the toxic secondary metabolite nicotine, a neurotoxin that shares structural similarities with the neonicotinoid pesticides, and low temperatures affected nutrient regulation in honeybees using the Geometric Framework of nutrition.

Groups of queenless, newly emerged worker bees were given diets containing specific ratios of protein and carbohydrate to determine, first, how toxin exposure and ambient temperature affected their nutrient intake and, secondly, how nutrition affected survival under stress.

We find that low temperatures and nicotine interacted to reduce survival in African honeybees that ate low protein, high carbohydrate diets. However, bees fed a high protein diet were better able to survive insult with these interacting stressors.

Although protein conferred a survival benefit in honeybees exposed to these dual stressors, when allowed to self‐select their diet, caged workers did not shift their intake towards a higher protein food to improve their survival under these stressful conditions.

We discuss the possible constraints on nutrient regulation in honeybees and the role that diet could play in their decline.
Hexanedioic acid from Hermetia illucens larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) protects mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: Chu Ki‐Back , Jeon Gye‐Chang , Quan Fu‐Shi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe antibacterial effects of larval extract from Hermetia illucens, commonly known as the black soldier fly, have been demonstrated in vitro. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified the active compound within this larval extract as hexanedioic acid. The antibacterial effects of hexanedioic acid were investigated in mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. After administration of hexanedioic acid, infected mice showed decreased lung bacterial loads and lower rates of body weight loss compared to those in the infection‐only control group. Based on lung bacterial loads, oral hexanedioic acid treatment showed better protection than intraperitoneal treatment. Histopathology confirmed that daily administration of hexanedioic acid for 10 days showed zero toxicity to the kidneys or livers of mice. Therefore, hexanedioic acid may be a novel antibacterial agent.
The Effects of Aging on Apoptosis Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Boyle Andrew J. , Hwang Joy , Ye Jianqin , Shih Henry , Jun Kristine , Zhang Yan , Fang Qizhi , Sievers Richard , Yeghiazarians Yerem , Lee Randall J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundAging is associated with higher incidence of heart failure and death following myocardial infarction (MI). The molecular and cellular changes that lead to these worse outcomes are not known.Methods and ResultsYoung and aging mice underwent induction of MI by LAD ligation. There was a significant increase in mortality in the aging mice. Neither the young nor aging hearts after MI had inducible ventricular tachycardia. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis increases early after MI in young and aging mice, but to a much greater degree in the aging mice. Caspase inhibition with Ac‐DEVD‐CHO resulted in a 61% reduction in activated caspase‐3 and an 84% reduction in apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in young mice (P < 0.05), but not in aging mice. Gene pathway profiling demonstrated activation of both the caspase and Map3k1/Mapk10 pathways in aging mice following MI, which may contribute to their resistance to caspase inhibition.ConclusionsAging hearts activate distinct apoptotic pathways have more cardiomyocyte apoptosis and are resistant to antiapoptotic therapies following MI. Novel or combination approaches may be required to improve outcomes in aging patients following MI.
Evaluation of rhizobacterial indicators of tobacco black root rot suppressiveness in farmers' fields
Authors: Kyselková Martina , Almario Juliana , Kopecký Jan , Ságová‐Marečková Markéta , Haurat Jacqueline , Muller Daniel , Grundmann Geneviève L. , Moënne‐Loccoz Yvan 
Published: November 2013

SummaryVery few soil quality indicators include disease‐suppressiveness criteria. We assessed whether 64 16S rRNA microarray probes whose signals correlated with tobacco black root rot suppressiveness in greenhouse analysis could also discriminate suppressive from conducive soils under field conditions. Rhizobacterial communities of tobacco and wheat sampled in 2 years from four farmers' fields of contrasted suppressiveness status were compared. The 64 previously identified indicator probes correctly classified 72% of 29 field samples, with nine probes for Azospirillum, Gluconacetobacter, Sphingomonadaceae, Planctomycetes, Mycoplasma, Lactobacillus crispatus and Thermodesulforhabdus providing the best prediction. The whole probe set (1033 probes) revealed strong effects of plant, field location and year on rhizobacterial community composition, and a smaller (7% variance) but significant effect of soil suppressiveness status. Seventeen additional probes correlating with suppressiveness status in the field (noticeably for Agrobacterium, Methylobacterium, Ochrobactrum) were selected, and combined with the nine others, they improved correct sample classification from 72% to 79% (100% tobacco and 63% wheat samples). Pseudomonas probes were not informative in the field, even those targeting biocontrol pseudomonads producing 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol, nor was quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol‐synthesis gene phlD. This study shows that a subset of 16S rRNA probes targeting diverse rhizobacteria can be useful as suppressiveness indicators under field conditions.
Maternal risk factors in the origin of isolated hypospadias: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Mavrogenis Stelios , Urban Róbert , Czeizel Andrew E. , Ács Nándor 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe birth prevalence of hypospadias increased in Hungary during the last decades, thus the aim of this study was to analyze the possible role of maternal risk factors in the origin of isolated hypospadias (IHS). The incidence/prevalence of acute and chronic maternal diseases with related drug treatments were compared in the mothers of cases with IHS, population controls without defect and malformed controls affected with other isolated abnormalities in the population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities including 3038 cases with IHS, 24 814 population male controls without any defects and 11 096 malformed male controls with other isolated defect. Among exposures, prospective medically recorded chronic diseases and medically recorded or retrospective maternal information regarding acute diseases and drug treatments were evaluated in the study groups. Maternal epilepsy due to the treatment of valproate (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.97, 1.07–3.61) and cervical erosion (4.09, 1.84–9.12) were associated with a higher risk of IHS. In addition, there was an association of oral nystatin (1.94, 1.22–3.09), lynestrenol (26.66, 8.69–81.80) and ethynilestradiol (3.51, 1.61–7.67) treatments in the mothers of cases with a higher risk for IHS. In conclusion, maternal cervical erosion, valproate, nystatin, lynestrenol and ethynilestradiol associated with a higher risk for IHS.
Does increased prescribed exercise alter non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults? A systematic review
Authors: Washburn R. A. , Lambourne K. , Szabo A. N. , Herrmann S. D. , Honas J. J. , Donnelly J. E. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPrescribed physical activity/exercise training may reduce non‐exercise physical activity resulting in no change in total daily energy expenditure and no or minimal exercise‐induced weight loss. This systematic review evaluated cross‐sectional, short‐term (2–14 d), randomized and non‐randomized trials which reported on the effect of prescribed physical activity/exercise on non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults. PubMed and Embase were searched (from January 1990 to March 2013) for articles that presented data on the change in non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in response to prescribed physical activity/exercise training. Thirty‐one articles were included in this review. One‐hundred per cent of cross‐sectional studies (n = 4), 90% of short‐term studies (n = 10), 50% of non‐randomized trials (n = 10) and 100% of randomized trials (n = 7) reported no reductions in non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in response to prescribed physical activity/exercise training. We found minimal evidence to support the hypothesis that prescribed physical activity/exercise training results in decreased non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults. However, this literature is limited by the lack of adequately powered trials designed specifically to evaluate this hypothesis which have included assessments of both the energy expenditure of prescribed exercise and non‐exercise energy expenditure using state‐of‐the‐art techniques, i.e. indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water, respectively.
Cultivating Creativity in Conservation Science
Authors: ASLAN CLARE E. , PINSKY MALIN L. , RYAN MAUREEN E. , SOUTHER SARA , TERRELL KIMBERLY A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConservation practitioners and scientists are often faced with seemingly intractable problems in which traditional approaches fail. While other sectors (e.g., business) frequently emphasize creative thinking to overcome complex challenges, creativity is rarely identified as an essential skill for conservationists. Yet more creative approaches are urgently needed in the effort to sustain Earth's biodiversity. We identified 4 strategies to develop skills in creative thinking and discuss underlying research and examples supporting each strategy. First, by breaking down barriers between disciplines and surrounding oneself with unfamiliar people, concepts, and perspectives, one can expand base knowledge and experiences and increase the potential for new combinations of ideas. Second, by meeting people where they are (both literally and figuratively), one exposes oneself to new environments and perspectives, which again broadens experiences and increases ability to communicate effectively with stakeholders. Third, by embracing risk responsibly, one is more likely to develop new, nontraditional solutions and be open to high‐impact outcomes. Finally, by following a cycle of learning, struggle, and reflection, one can trigger neurophysiological changes that allow the brain to become more creative. Creativity is a learned trait, rather than an innate skill. It can be actively developed at both the individual and institutional levels, and learning to navigate the relevant social and practical barriers is key to the process. To maximize the success of conservation in the face of escalating challenges, one must take advantage of what has been learned from other disciplines and foster creativity as both a professional skill and an essential component of career training and individual development.Cultivando la Creatividad en la Ciencia de la Conservación
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is required following extubation at the pulmonary infection control window: a prospective observational study
Authors: Luo Zujin , Zhan Qingyuan , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionTimely extubation and sequential invasive to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) at the pulmonary infection control (PIC) window is beneficial for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, it remains unclear whether patients can breathe independently at the PIC window and if NPPV is indeed necessary after extubation.ObjectivesTo assess whether AECOPD patients can breathe independently at the PIC window and thus whether NPPV is necessary after extubation.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study at a university hospital during a 9‐month period. We used the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to assess whether each patient could breathe independently at the PIC window, then performed extubation. Patients who passed the SBT received venturi oxygen therapy only, whereas those that failed received NPPV. However, if the former showed respiratory distress, they too received NPPV. The primary outcome variables were SBT pass/fail, the demand for NPPV and rate of reintubation within 72 h following extubation.ResultsIn all, 23 patients were enrolled, 15 (65%) of which passed the SBT. Of these, 12 (80%) developed respiratory distress after extubation and required NPPV (one of whom required reintubation). Of the eight patients that failed, one received reintubation after NPPV. The reintubation rates within 72 h following extubation of SBT‐pass (7%) and SBT‐fail (13%) patients were comparable.ConclusionOur results provide experimental evidence that most AECOPD patients can breathe independently at the PIC window, but nonetheless develop respiratory distress and thus require NPPV following extubation.
Diagnostic utility of flexible bronchoscopy in elderly patients
Authors: Sarinc Ulasli Sevinc , Gunay Ersin , Akar Olcay , Halici Bilal , Koyuncu Tulay , Unlu Mehmet 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the elderly population, diagnosis and initial treatment should be considered as soon as possible because of high disease incidence and complications. We aimed to evaluate the findings of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and determine the diagnostic utility of FB in patients 65 years old and older.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated FB results. Demographic data, clinical and bronchoscopic findings, diagnostic procedures during FB and incidence of accurate diagnosis with FB both in patients 65 years old and older and in younger patients were determined.ResultsA total of 745 patients [younger patients (<65 years, n = 378, F/M: 120/258) and older patients (≥65 years, n = 367, F/M: 88/279)] who underwent FB at our clinic between 2009 and 2012 were included. The mean age of older patients was 72.6 ± 5.8 years, while the mean age of younger patients was 50.9 ± 11.7 years. Overall, 188 older patients (51.2%) had an accurate diagnosis with the procedures used during bronchoscopy, and 179 younger patients (47.3%) had a final diagnosis with these procedures. The diagnostic utility of FB did not differ significantly between study groups (P = 0.291). During FB, 326 older patients (88.8%) had no complication, and 343 younger patients (90.7%) had no complications. No statistically significant difference was found between older and younger patients in terms of complications during FB (P = 0.389).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate the high diagnostic value of FB together with low complication rates in patients aged 65 years and older.
The impact of polyvascular disease on long‐term outcome in percutaneous coronary intervention patients
Authors: van der Meer Manon G. , Cramer Maarten J. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Appelman Yolande , Doevendans Pieter A. , Nathoe Hendrik M. ,   SMART study group
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies demonstrated the prognostic importance of concomitant polyvascular disease in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the significance of the number of diseased vascular territories and subclinical disease is unknown.Materials and methodsThe number of diseased vascular territories was evaluated in 2299 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients. Vascular disease was defined by documented atherosclerotic disease, either diagnosed in the medical history (clinical) or at the standardized cardiovascular screening (subclinical). The following territories were evaluated: cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and vascular renal disease. The outcome measures were all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and a composite cardiovascular endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular mortality). Patients with monovascular disease (CAD) served as the reference category. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for baseline characteristics.ResultsMean follow‐up was 7·3 years. The HRs (95% confidence interval) for patients with two diseased territories compared to monovascular disease were for all‐cause mortality 1·60 (1·14–2·25), cardiovascular mortality 2·13 (1·29–3·50) and the combined cardiovascular endpoint 1·66 (1·20–2·31). Moreover, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for patients with more than two diseased territories compared to monovascular disease were for all‐cause mortality 3·81 (2·45–5·92), cardiovascular mortality 4·40 (2·32–8·35) and the combined cardiovascular endpoint 2·75 (1·69–4·47). The HRs of patients with subclinical disease were comparable to the HRs of patients with clinical disease.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI, the presence of subclinical and clinical polyvascular disease is associated with an increased long‐term mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the outcome is highly influenced by the number of diseased territories.
Fe(III) reduction during pyruvate fermentation by Desulfotomaculum reducens strain MI‐1
Authors: Dalla Vecchia E. , Suvorova E. I. , Maillard J. , Bernier‐Latmani R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDesulfotomaculum reducens MI‐1 is a Gram‐positive, sulfate‐reducing bacterium also capable of reducing several metals, among which is Fe(III). Very limited knowledge is available on the potential mechanism(s) of metal reduction among Gram‐positive bacteria, despite their preponderance in the microbial communities that inhabit some inhospitable environments (e.g., thermal or hyperthermal ecosystems, extreme pH or salinity environments, heavy metal or radionuclide contaminated sediments). Here, we show that in the presence of pyruvate, this micro‐organism is capable of reducing both soluble Fe(III)‐citrate and solid‐phase hydrous ferric oxide, although growth is sustained by pyruvate fermentation rather than Fe(III) respiration. Despite the fact that Fe(III) reduction does not support direct energy conservation, D. reducens uses it as a complementary means of discarding excess reducing equivalent after H2 accumulation in the culture headspace renders proton reduction unfavorable. Thus, Fe(III) reduction permits the oxidation of greater amounts of pyruvate than fermentation alone. Fe(III) reduction by D. reducens is mediated by a soluble electron carrier, most likely riboflavin. Additionally, an intracellular electron storage molecule acts as a capacitor and accumulates electrons during pyruvate oxidation for slow release to Fe(III). The reductase responsible for the transfer of electrons from the capacitor to the soluble carrier has not been identified, but data presented here argue against the involvement of c‐type cytochromes.
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry in glomerulonephritis: feasibility study
Authors: Mainini Veronica , Pagni Fabio , Ferrario Franco , Pieruzzi Federico , Grasso Marco , Stella Andrea , Cattoretti Giorgio , Magni Fulvio 
Published: November 2013

AimsThe in‐situ proteomics technology known as matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) is a powerful technique that combines traditional histology and proteomics.Methods and resultsMALDI‐IMS was applied to routine diagnostic kidney biopsies in a small group of cases of membranous glomerulonephritis and minimal change disease. Molecular changes were observed not only in the tissue areas with pathological alterations, but also in morphologically normal‐looking tissue, highlighting the potential feasibility of using MALDI‐IMS as a tool in nephropathology.ConclusionsThis technology can be applied to any biopsy where a frozen section is obtained as part of the diagnostic process. Although we do not yet know the molecular identity of the differentially expressed proteins/peptides, they could represent powerful classifiers of nosological groups.
The cumulative effects of management on the population dynamics of the Double‐crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the Great Lakes
Authors: Guillaumet Alban , Dorr Brian S. , Wang Guiming , Doyle Terry J. 
Published: November 2013

Wildlife species have been subject to control efforts throughout human history due to real or alleged human–wildlife conflicts. The Double‐crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in the interior of North America is no exception, with recent population growth leading to increased conflicts and consequently the development of many control programmes. These control programmes are usually conducted at local scales, often with little or no effort to assess their cumulative effects at the population level. We attempted the first comprehensive assessment of the cumulative effects of control at various spatio‐temporal scales, focusing on 199 colonies of Double‐crested Cormorant monitored during a 29‐year period. Linear models were used to assess the relationship between colony‐specific growth rates and a set of candidate factors using an information‐theoretic approach. Colony‐level density‐dependent effects and local control efforts had the greatest influences on population growth. We detected a cumulative effect of management, whereby (i) the reduction in population growth rate was generally stronger when different control activities such as culling or egg oiling were combined, and (ii) past control operations tended to have a pervasive impact on growth rates, especially egg oiling and nest destruction, which negatively affected local recruitment. However, our results also suggest that catastrophic events and the culling of breeding adults that occurred at least 2 years previously could fuel subsequent recruitment or natural immigration from nearby colonies, for instance if the breeding success of remaining pairs was increased through a diminution of density‐dependent regulatory processes. Density‐dependence at the metapopulation level constituted a third source of regulation, as local growth rates were reduced with increasing number or proximity of active neighbouring colonies. We also found evidence that the culling of Double‐crested Cormorants wintering in the southeastern USA could negatively impact the population growth of individual breeding colonies in the Great Lakes, although further research integrating models of migratory connectivity is needed to reach more definitive conclusions. Finally, despite previous studies emphasizing its importance, the net effect of management‐induced dispersal appeared small at large spatial scales. We show that this can be explained in part by control strategies (e.g. spatially clustered operations). The continuation of Cormorant management efforts will provide an opportunity to refine the present assessment of the relative importance of density‐dependence, breeding vs. non‐breeding season management and dispersal, particularly if population models are coupled with monitoring programmes within an adaptive management framework.