bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ectopic hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent male rats following alcohol dependence
Authors: McClain Justin A. , Morris Stephanie A. , Marshall S. Alexander , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe adolescent hippocampus is highly vulnerable to alcohol‐induced damage, which could contribute to their increased susceptibility to alcohol use disorder. Altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis represents one potential mechanism by which alcohol (ethanol) affects hippocampal function. Based on the vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to alcohol‐induced damage, and prior reports of long‐term alcohol‐induced effects on adult neurogenesis, we predicted adverse effects on adult neurogenesis in the adolescent brain following abstinence from alcohol dependence. Thus, we examined neurogenesis in adolescent male rats during abstinence following a 4‐day binge model of alcohol dependence. Bromodeoxyuridine and Ki67 immunohistochemistry revealed a 2.2‐fold increase in subgranular zone cell proliferation after 7 days of abstinence. Increased proliferation was followed by a 75% increase in doublecortin expression and a 56% increase in surviving bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled cells 14 and 35 days post‐ethanol exposure, respectively. The majority of newborn cells in ethanol and control groups co‐localized with NeuN, indicating a neuronal phenotype and therefore a 1.6‐fold increase in hippocampal neurogenesis during abstinence. Although these results mirror the magnitude of reactive neurogenesis described in adult rat studies, ectopic bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin positive cells were detected in the molecular layer and hilus of adolescent rats displaying severe withdrawal symptoms, an effect that has not been described in adults. The presence of ectopic neuroblasts suggests that a potential defect exists in the functional incorporation of new neurons into the existing hippocampal circuitry for a subset of rats. Age‐related differences in functional incorporation could contribute to the increased vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to ethanol.
A randomised study of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral ketamine for premedication in children
Authors: Jia J.‐E. , Chen J.‐Y. , Hu X. , Li W.‐X. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWe studied the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with oral ketamine for premedication in children. One hundred and sixty children aged between 2 and 6 years were randomly allocated to one of four groups: 1 μg.kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine with 3 mg.kg−1 oral ketamine (Group 1); 1 μg.kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine with 5 mg.kg−1 oral ketamine (Group 2); 2 μg.kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine with 3 mg.kg−1 oral ketamine (Group 3); and 2 μg.kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine with 5 mg.kg−1 oral ketamine (Group 4). Sedation levels 10, 20 and 30 min after premedication were evaluated using a 5‐point sedation scale. A 4‐point emotional state score was used to evaluate patients when they were separated from their parents and their response to intravenous cannulation or facemask application. Approximately 90% of patients readily accepted premedication and onset times of acceptable sedation were similar in all four groups. Patients in Group 4 were significantly more sedated than those in Group 1 after 30 min (p = 0.036). A significantly higher proportion of patients in Group 3 (84%) and Group 4 (87%) accepted intravenous cannulation compared with those in Group 1 (40%) and Group 2 (54%) (p = 0.001). We conclude that the administration of 2 μg.kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine and 3 mg.kg−1 oral ketamine was the optimal combination, with children being easily separated from their parent, accepting intravenous cannulation and without causing excessive side‐effects or postoperative complications.
Rabbit Tibial Periosteum and Saphenous Arteriovenous Vascular Bundle as an In Vivo Bioreactor to Construct Vascularized Tissue‐Engineered Bone: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Han Dong , Guan Xiaoyi , Wang Jian , Wei Jiao , Li Qingfeng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this project was to construct vascularized tissue‐engineered living bone with an autologous vascular network by means of a rabbit bioreactor in vivo. The key components of the in vivo bioreactor for bone formation were the vascularized tibial periosteum and the saphenous vascular bundle. Beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds were implanted into the in vivo bioreactor (vascular pedicle implantation and vascularized periosteum encapsulation). At 4 weeks postsurgery, new bone formation was mainly “cartilage‐bone inducing” in the inner periosteum, and was primarily seen in the outer aspects of the scaffold with some amount in the middle part as well. Microvascular infusion showed that direct revascularization of β‐TCP was obtained by means of vascular implantation. Triple staining results showed a large amount of blue collagen fibers. Vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical staining displayed endothelial cells of new blood vessels in bone tissue. The bioreactor established in this study can be used to prepare tissue‐engineered bone with a vascular network.
Using Hidden Markov Models to Deal with Availability Bias on Line Transect Surveys
Authors: Borchers D. L. , Zucchini W. , Heide‐Jørgensen M. P. , Cañadas A. , Langrock R. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWe develop estimators for line transect surveys of animals that are stochastically unavailable for detection while within detection range. The detection process is formulated as a hidden Markov model with a binary state‐dependent observation model that depends on both perpendicular and forward distances. This provides a parametric method of dealing with availability bias when estimates of availability process parameters are available even if series of availability events themselves are not. We apply the estimators to an aerial and a shipboard survey of whales, and investigate their properties by simulation. They are shown to be more general and more flexible than existing estimators based on parametric models of the availability process. We also find that methods using availability correction factors can be very biased when surveys are not close to being instantaneous, as can estimators that assume temporal independence in availability when there is temporal dependence.
Modeling Parasite Infection Dynamics when there Is Heterogeneity and Imperfect Detectability
Authors: Cui Na , Chen Yuguo , Small Dylan S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryUnderstanding the infection and recovery rate from parasitic infections is valuable for public health planning. Two challenges in modeling these rates are (1) infection status is only observed at discrete times even though infection and recovery take place in continuous time and (2) detectability of infection is imperfect. We address these issues through a Bayesian hierarchical model based on a random effects Weibull distribution. The model incorporates heterogeneity of the infection and recovery rate among individuals and allows for imperfect detectability. We estimate the model by a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm with data augmentation. We present simulation studies and an application to an infection study about the parasite Giardia lamblia among children in Kenya.
Microarray gene expression profiling and analysis of bladder cancer supports the sub‐classification of T1 tumours into T1a and T1b stages
Authors: Descotes Françoise , Dessen Philippe , Bringuier Pierre Paul , Decaussin Myriam , Martin Pierre Marie , Adams Marjorie , Villers Arnauld , Lechevallier Eric , Rebillard Xavier , Rodriguez‐Lafrasse Claire , Devonec Marian , Paparel Philippe , Perrin Paul , Lazar Vladimir , Ruffion Alain 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To try and identify a molecular signature for pathological staging and/or grading. through microarray analysis.
Patients and Methods
We performed a prospective multicentre study between September 2007 and May 2008 that included 108 bladder tumours (45 pTa, 35 pT1 and 28>pT1).
Microarray analysis was performed using Agilent Technologies Human Whole Genome 4 × 44K oligonucleotide microarrays (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). A ‘dual colour’ method was used vs a reference pool of tumours.
From the lists of genes provided by the Biometric Research Branch class comparison analyses, we validated the microarray results of 38 selected differentially expressed genes using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR in another bladder tumour cohort (n = 95).
Results
The cluster ‘superficial vs invasive stage’ correctly classified 92.9% of invasive stages and 66.3% of superficial stages.
Among the superficial tumours, the cluster analysis showed that pT1b tumours were closer to invasive stages than pT1a tumours.
We also found molecular differences between low and high grade superficial tumours, but these differences were less well defined than the difference observed for staging.
Conclusions
We confirmed that the histopathological classification into subgroups pTa, pT1a and pT1b can be translated into a molecular signature with a continuous progression of deregulation (overexpression or repression of these genes) from superficial (pTa) to more invasive (pT1a then b) stages.
Simulating Regional Vegetation‐climate Dynamics for Middle America: Tropical Versus Temperate Applications
Authors: Snell Rebecca S. , Cowling Sharon A. , Smith Ben 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRegional vegetation‐climate modelling studies have typically focused on boreal or temperate ecosystems in North America and Europe, almost completely overlooking tropical ecosystems. We present the first results of simulated regional vegetation‐climate dynamics in Middle America as simulated by the model, LPJ‐GUESS. The Kappa statistic indicated poor agreement, with a Kappa value of 0.301. When we modified the Kappa statistic by aggregating cell sizes and using generalized biomes, the Kappa value increased to 0.543, indicating a fair agreement. Total LAI simulated from LPJ‐GUESS was strongly correlated to remotely sensed LAI values (r = 0.75). Our simulations indicate that fire frequency was overestimated in tropical moist forests and underestimated in savannas. This underestimation of fire resulted in an over‐simulation of dry tropical forest at the expense of savanna. We highlight additional reasons for the initially poor representation of vegetation in Middle America, including factors such as non‐parameterized plant functional types (desert shrub, cacti, and other succulents), rugged topography, and an insufficient representation of soil.
Contact Between Adoptive and Birth Families: Perspectives From the Minnesota/Texas Adoption Research Project
Authors: Grotevant Harold D. , McRoy Ruth G. , Wrobel Gretchen M. , Ayers‐Lopez Susan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA growing number of adoptive families have contact with their children's birth relatives. The Minnesota/Texas Adoption Research Project is examining longitudinally the consequences of variations in contact arrangements for birth mothers, adoptive parents, and adopted children in domestic infant adoptions, and is studying the dynamics of relationships within these family systems. Individuals who had contact were more satisfied with their arrangements than those who did not have contact. Satisfaction with contact predicted more optimal adjustment among adopted adolescents and emerging adults. Adoption‐related communication predicted identity development among adopted adolescents and emerging adults. Birth mothers who were more satisfied with their contact arrangements, regardless of level of contact, had less unresolved grief 12–20 years after placement. Adoptive and birth relatives who engage in contact need flexibility, strong interpersonal skills, and commitment to the relationship. These skills can be learned, and they can be supported by others, through informal, psychoeducational, and therapeutic means.
Lipid accumulation product and insulin resistance in Iranian PCOS prevalence study
Authors: Hosseinpanah Farhad , Barzin Maryam , Erfani Hadi , Serahati Sara , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: July 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate diagnostic accuracy of lipid accumulation product (LAP) index as a marker of insulin resistance in a community‐based population with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), compared with healthy women.MethodsAnthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, LAP index and insulin resistance (IR) were compared in 134 PCOS subjects and 414 healthy women recruited from 1126 reproductive aged women (18–45 years), participants of the Iranian PCOS Prevalence Study. LAP was defined as [WC (cm)–58] ×TG (mmol/l)]. PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, and IR was defined using the homeostatic model assessment IR. LAP, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) were compared using the two‐tailed Spearman rank correlation test and analysing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for IR.ResultsAmong the PCOS subjects, the mean ± SD age, BMI, WC and WHR were 32·2 ± 7·7 years, 26·8 ± 5·8 kg/m2, 85·2 ± 13·2 cm and 0·80 ± 0·06, respectively, and the median (IQ25–75) of LAP index was 34·03 (17·8–66·3). There was significant correlation between HOMA‐IR index and LAP in patients with PCOS (r = 0·41; P < 0·001). Also, ROC curves analysis revealed that the optimal cut‐off value for LAP to define the presence of IR was 34·1 (sensitivity: 75%; specificity: 58%). LAP showed the highest area under curve (AUC) (P < 0·001).ConclusionAmong PCOS subjects, LAP index has the strongest diagnostic accuracy for detection of IR in comparison with BMI, WC and WHR.
Genetic testing for inherited ocular disease: delivering on the promise at last?
Authors: Gillespie Rachel L , Hall Georgina , Black Graeme C 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGenetic testing is of increasing clinical utility for diagnosing inherited eye disease. Clarifying a clinical diagnosis is important for accurate estimation of prognosis, facilitating genetic counselling and management of families, and in the future will direct gene‐specific therapeutic strategies. Often, precise diagnosis of genetic ophthalmic conditions is complicated by genetic heterogeneity, a difficulty that the so‐called ‘next‐generation sequencing’ technologies promise to overcome. Despite considerable counselling and ethical complexities, next‐generation sequencing offers to revolutionize clinical practice. This will necessitate considerable adjustment to standard practice but has the power to deliver a personalized approach to genomic medicine for many more patients and enhance the potential for preventing vision loss.
Postoperative haemorrhage in powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Andrew Nicholas , Selva Dinesh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of postoperative haemorrhage has been reported inconsistently in retrospective studies of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy but has not been evaluated prospectively with the powered endoscopic technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of postoperative haemorrhage in patients undergoing powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.DesignA prospective, single‐surgeon, observational case series.ParticipantsCases 18 years old or more were included if they presented with radiologically confirmed primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Exclusion criteria included evidence of canalicular disease, ectropion or facial palsy, and previous surgery on the lacrimal drainage system. One hundred seventy‐four cases fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. The mean age of patients was 62.9 years, 65% were female.MethodsPowered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.Main Outcome MeasurePostoperative haemorrhage. Significant haemorrhage was defined as that which necessitated packing, cautery, surgical intervention, a blood transfusion or delayed discharge.ResultsThe rates of total and significant postoperative haemorrhage were 1.7% and 0.6%, respectively. Antithrombotic agents were ceased on a case‐by‐case basis according to physician recommendation. Aspirin was stopped in 4 of 16 patients taking this agent preoperatively, and warfarin was stopped in one of three patients.ConclusionSignificant postoperative haemorrhage following endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is rare. Further studies are required to assess whether antithrombotic agents significantly increase the risk of bleeding. The decision to cease agents should be made on a case‐by‐case basis in consultation with a physician.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A injections to treat blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm
Authors: Ababneh Osama H , Cetinkaya Altug , Kulwin Dwight R 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A injections after more than 10 consecutive years of treatment for benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.DesignRetrospective chart review at university‐affiliated hospital.ParticipantsStudy consisted of 64 patients treated with botulinum toxin A injections between October 2005 and May 2006.MethodsInclusion criteria included patients treated with at least one annual botulinum toxin‐A injection for more than 10 consecutive years. Data collected included diagnoses and patient characteristics, injection dates, doses administered at each visit, response scores, duration of effect, and adverse events.Main Outcome MeasuresIncluded changes in doses, response scores, duration of effects, and adverse events between the first and last botulinum toxin A injections.ResultsThirty‐two of 64 patients (mean age at first injection, 57.2 ± 12.4 years; 25 women) met the inclusion criteria. The mean duration of follow up was 14.1 ± 3.1 years (range 10–20 years; mean total visits 44.4 ± 19). A higher mean injection dose per visit was administered during the last year compared with the first year (26.8 ± 10.3 vs. 22.5 ± 7.5 units, respectively) (P = 0.003). The mean durations of effect during the first and last years were 12.4 ± 7.1 and 14.6 ± 7.0 weeks, respectively (P = 0.076). There were no significant differences between genders or between benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm subgroups. The most common adverse events were ptosis, lagophthalmos and dry eye.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin A is an effective, safe, long‐term treatment for patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Sustained treatment efficacy required higher doses; however, fewer adverse reactions developed.
Microbiological diversity of peri‐implantitis biofilm by Sanger sequencing
Authors: da Silva Ennyo S. C. , Feres Magda , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Shibli Jamil A. , Ramiro Fernanda S. , Faveri Marcelo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveTo examine the microbial diversity associated with implants with or without peri‐implantitis and to identify differences between the bacterial communities in these clinical conditions.Material and methodsTwenty subjects were assigned to a Control group consisting of subjects with healthy implants and a Test group consisting of subjects with peri‐implantitis sites, as well as a healthy implant site (n = 10/group). In the Test group, subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of the diseased implant. In both groups, samples were collected from one site around a healthy implant. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced, and the phylotypes were identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences.ResultsThe phylogenetic identity of 1387 16S rRNA gene clones was determined. Healthy implants demonstrated higher proportions of Actinomyces, Atopobium, Gemella, Kingella and Rothia and lower levels of Campylobacter, Desulfobulbus, Dialister, Eubacterium, Filifactor, Mitsukella, Porphyromonas and Pseudoramibacter (Mann–Whitney U‐test; P < 0.05). Fusobacterium nucleatum, Dialister invisus, Streptococcus sp. human oral taxon (HOT) 064, Filifactor alocis and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131 presented a higher mean proportion, while Veillonella dispar, Actinomyces meyeri, Granulicatella adiacens showed lower mean proportions in the peri‐implantitis sites when compared with healthy implants in both the Control and Test groups (Mann–Whitney U‐test; P < 0.05).ConclusionMarked differences were observed in the composition of the subgingival biofilm between healthy and diseased implants. The biofilm associated with peri‐implantitis harbored more pathogenic bacterial species from the orange complex and other “unusual” putative pathogens, such as F. alocis, D. invisus and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131.
Implant periapical lesion – a review and a case report with histological evaluation
Authors: Qu Chunna , Meng Huanxin , Han Jie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveInformation of implant periapical lesion(IPL) is insufficient by now. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible causes of IPL and to find out the proper treatment protocol.Material and methodsA systematic literature search was carried out (up to June 2012) using relevant search terms in PUBMED. And a case of IPL with histological evaluation is reported.ResultsThe IPL is accompanied by the radiolucency around the apex of the implant and usually presents symptoms of red, pain, tenderness, swelling, or fistulous tract. It may occur due to infection, overheating, poor bone quality of the implant site, etc. Debridement is considered as the crucial procedure of the treatment, and the prognosis is normally good when assessed by clinical parameters and radiograph.ConclusionThe causes of IPL seem to be multifactorial. Most of the cases are connected with pre‐existing infection. Elimination of the infection is the only consensus of the treatment protocols.
Tropisetron attenuates amyloid‐beta‐induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in rats
Authors: Rahimian Reza , Fakhfouri Gohar , Ejtemaei Mehr Shahram , Ghia Jean‐Eric , Genazzani Armando A. , Payandemehr Borna , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Mousavizadeh Kazem , Lim Dmitry 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder featured by deposition of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus and associated cortices and progressive cognitive decline. Tropisetron, a selective 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, is conventionally used to counteract chemotherapy‐induced emesis. Recent investigations describe antiphlogistic properties for tropisetron. It has been shown that tropisetron protects against rat embolic stroke. We investigated protective properties of tropisetron in a beta‐amyloid (Aβ) rat model of AD and possible involvement of 5‐HT3 receptors.Material and methodsAβ (1–42) was injected into the hippocampus of male rats. Animals were treated intracerebroventricularly with tropisetron, mCPBG (selective 5‐HT3 receptor agonist) or mCPBG plus tropisetron on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Seven days following Aβ administration, inflammatory markers (TNF‐α, COX‐2, iNOS and NF‐κB), apoptotic markers (caspase 3 cytochrome c release) and calcineurin phosphatase activity were assessed in hippocampus.ResultsSeven days following Aβ inoculation, control animals displayed dramatic increase in TNF‐α, COX‐2, iNOS, NF‐κB, active caspase 3, cytochrome c release and calcineurin phosphatase activity in the hippocampus. Tropisetron significantly diminished the elevated levels of these markers and reversed the cognitive deficit. Interestingly, tropisetron was also found to be a potent inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase activity. The selective 5‐HT3 receptor agonist mCPBG, when co‐administered with tropisetron, completely reversed the procognitive and anti‐apoptotic properties of tropisetron while it could only partially counteract the anti‐inflammatory effects. mCPBG alone significantly aggravated Aβ‐induced injury.ConclusionOur findings indicate that tropisetron protects against Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity in vivo through both 5‐HT3 receptor‐dependent and independent pathways.