bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unimodal response of fish yield to dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Finstad Anders G. , Helland Ingeborg P. , Ugedal Ola , Hesthagen Trygve , Hessen Dag O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHere, we demonstrate a contrasting effect of terrestrial coloured dissolved organic material on the secondary production of boreal nutrient poor lakes. Using fish yield from standardised brown trout gill‐net catches as a proxy, we show a unimodal response of lake secondary productivity to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This suggests a trade‐off between positive and negative effects, where the initial increase may hinge upon several factors such as energy subsidising, screening of UV‐radiation or P and N load being associated with organic carbon. The subsequent decline in production with further increase in DOC is likely associated with light limitations of primary production. We also show that shallow lakes switch from positive to negative effects at higher carbon loads than deeper lakes. These results underpin the major role of organic carbon for structuring productivity of boreal lake ecosystems.
Hippocampal volume loss following childhood convulsive status epilepticus is not limited to prolonged febrile seizures
Authors: Yoong Michael , Martinos Marina M. , Chin Richard F. , Clark Christopher A. , Scott Rodney C. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPurposeChildhood convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), in particular prolonged febrile seizures (PFS), has been linked with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Previous studies have shown that hippocampal injury occurs in the acute phase immediately following CSE, but little is known about the longer term evolution of such injury. This study aimed to investigate the longer term outcome of childhood CSE with sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) looking for progressive hippocampal injury during the first year post‐CSE.MethodsEighty children (0.18–15.5 years) underwent brain MRI 1 month post‐CSE, 50 with a repeat MRI at 6 months and 46 with repeat MRI at 12 months post‐CSE. Thirty‐one control subjects without neurologic problems had a single brain MRI for comparison. Hippocampal volumes were measured from each MRI scan by two independent observers, and hippocampal growth rates were estimated in each patient with suitable imaging.Key FindingsHippocampal volume loss was found in 20–30% of patients and was not associated with the etiology or clinical features of CSE, including seizure duration or focality. A borderline association was found between a history of previous seizures (p = 0.063) and the number of previous febrile seizures (p = 0.051), suggesting that multiple insults may be important in the pathogenesis of progressive hippocampal injury.SignificanceIt is apparent that progressive hippocampal damage can occur after CSE of any etiology and is not limited to PFS. Repeated seizures may play an important role, but further follow‐up is needed to determine any other risk factors and proportion of children showing initial volume loss progress to clinical MTS and temporal lobe epilepsy.
Radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post‐menopausal women
Authors: López‐López José , Castellanos‐Cosano Lizett , Estrugo‐Devesa Albert , Gómez‐Vaquero Carmen , Velasco‐Ortega Eugenio , Segura‐Egea Juan José 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post‐menopausal women.Material and methodsSeventy‐five post‐menopausal women were recruited for the study. Bone mineral density was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Three groups were established: healthy bone group, osteopenic group and osteoporotic group. Periapical radiolucencies were diagnosed on the basis of examination of digital panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was carried out using anova and chi‐squared tests, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn both the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups, 25% of women showed at least one periapical radiolucency, whereas this was only 7.4% in the healthy bone group (odds ratio = 4.2; p = 0.061). After multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for covariates (age, number of teeth, number of root‐filled teeth and number of teeth with coronal restorations), a marginally significant association was evident between bone mineral density and the presence of periapical radiolucencies (odds ratio = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.0–3.8; p = 0.050).ConclusionsAfter adjusting for covariates, low bone mineral density is marginally associated with a higher frequency of radiolucent periapical lesions.
Long‐term outcome of multiple joint procedures in haemophilia
Authors: de Kleijn P. , Sluiter D. , Vogely H. Ch. , Lindeman E. , Fischer K. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn elderly people with haemophilia (PWH), surgery of more than one joint of the lower extremities might be needed. Multiple joint procedures (MJP) were introduced in 1995, defined as any combination of Total Knee or Total Hip Arthroplasty or Ankle Arthrodesis during one in‐hospital stay. The expectation is that by means of such procedures this specific population is able to physically function better for an extended period of time. Thus, they will participate in their society in an optimal way. In this study, we tried to describe an outcome after MJP, including pre‐ and post‐operative pain and range of motion (ROM), and recommend measurement tools. 22 of 37 PWH who underwent MJP between 1995 and 2012 were available for assessment. Pain (WFH score) and range of motion were compared pre and postoperatively. Current outcome was described by VAS per joint, nocturnal and overall pain, MACTAR, Hemophilia Activity List, SF36, and EQ‐5D. Mean age at surgery was 50, 3 years (SD 8, 3); mean follow‐up 12 years (1–18 years). Pain (VAS) decreased post‐surgery (Median 1 – 1, 5), but moderate pain remained. Extension of knees slightly increased, but both knee flexion and ankle plantar and dorsal flexion decreased. PWH reported the ability to stand longer but also pointed at specific problems, e.g. riding a bike (MACTAR). The HAL showed limited activities (functional domains), especially in the ‘complex lower extremity’ (22, 8/100). The SF36 and EQ‐5D showed a mix of physical problems of our population, while experiencing moderate pain and reasonable physical functioning. This led us to the conclusion that adequate follow‐up is needed: ROM of all joints, VAS of all joints as well as nocturnal and overall pain, HAL, SF36 and EQ5D. Performance based activities and participation need further attention.
Comparative study of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and hepatic resection for small, poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Iida Hiroya , Aihara Tsukasa , Ikuta Shinichi , Yamanaka Naoki 
Published: October 2013

AimHistologically, poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are considered highly malignant. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of hepatic resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating this malignancy.MethodsBetween April 2004 and May 2011, we enrolled 48 patients who had poorly differentiated HCC that had been diagnosed postoperatively by pathological assessment. All the tumors had a maximum diameter of 3 cm and all patients had three or less tumors. Fifteen of these patients underwent hepatic resection (HR group) and 33 patients underwent RFA (RF group). The patient background, tumor characteristics, overall survival rate and recurrence‐free survival rate were assessed in both groups.ResultsThe mean maximum tumor diameter was 2.5 and 2.0 cm in the HR and RF groups, respectively. The prothrombin activity level was 94% and 86% in the HR and RF groups, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative survival rates were 89.1%, 68.7% and 68.7%, respectively, in the HR group, and 59.2%, 40.9% and 32.7%, respectively, in the RF group. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 85.1%, 64.8% and 48.6%, respectively, in the HR group, and 29.0%, 7.2% and 7.2%, respectively, in the RF group. There was a significant difference between these groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionAs hepatic resection has greater efficacy than RFA in the treatment of poorly differentiated HCC, even in cases with a small tumor size, we recommend its use for this malignancy.
Influence of chitosan/clay functional bionanocomposite activated with rosemary essential oil on the shelf life of fresh silver carp
Authors: Abdollahi Mehdi , Rezaei Masoud , Farzi Gholamali 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA combination of chitosan biopolymer, nanoclay and rosemary essential oil was prepared as a functional bionanocomposite (FBN). Its ability to improve the shelf life of refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) silver carp fillets was studied. The fresh fillets were left untreated as a control or coated with chitosan, chitosan/clay bionanocomposite and chitosan/clay/rosemary essential oil (Ch/clay/REO) FBN. Then, they were evaluated for chemical, microbial and sensory properties over 16‐day storage. The samples coated with the FBN had the lowest pH and total volatile basic nitrogen. Ch/clay/REO coating efficiently retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing peroxide, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid production in the samples. The coating also reduced total viable and psychrotrophic count of the fillets more than 1.5 log by the end of storage.
Depression: Cognition Relations after Stroke
Authors: Hommel Marc , Carey Leeanne , Jaillard Assia 
Published: October 2013

Background Poststroke depression and cognitive dysfunction are common and are independent predictors of poor recovery. Aims We assessed whether and how depression and cognition were correlated in the subacute period after stroke. Method We prospectively recruited 207 nondemented patients (Mini Mental State Examination ≥ 23) presenting with a first-ever ischemic stroke (127 males), mean age of 48·5 years (16·4 standard deviation), median 12 days after infarction, as assessed on magnetic resonance imaging. We administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery involving cognitive domains including instrumental functions, memory, executive functions, and working memory. Depression was quantified with the Beck Depression Inventory. Results Depression (Beck Depression Inventory > 9) was identified in 30·4% of the patients (95% confidence interval 24·2–37·2%). Median Beck Depression Inventory was 6. Median Mini Mental State Examination was 30. Cognitive dysfunctioning in at least one neuropsychological test was present in 89% (95% confidence interval 84–93%). Each point increase of Beck Depression Inventory was associated with an odd of 1·1 (95% confidence interval 1·04–1·19) of changing to a worse category of cognition. Stroke location was not correlated with depression. All cognitive domains were significantly correlated with depression. In multivariate analysis, the executive functions ( P = 0·001) and the working memory ( P = 0·009) were the best predictors of depression when adjusted for demographic and stroke characteristics. Conclusions The rates of depression and cognitive impairment were in the range of previous stroke studies. Our study suggested a strong relation between depression and cognition characterized by executive functions and working memory dysfunctioning.
Methodology of a Population-Based Stroke and TIA Incidence and Outcomes Study: The Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study (ARCOS IV) 2011–2012
Authors: Krishnamurthi Rita , Jones Amy , Barber P Alan , Barker-Collo Suzanne , McPherson Kathryn , Bennett Derrick , Rush Elaine , Suh Flora , Starkey Nicola , Theadom Alice , Parag Varsha , Rathnasabapathy Yogini , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: October 2013

Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke burden is immense as it leads to premature deaths, leaves survivors with ongoing disabilities, and has a major financial impact on the individual, their families, and the community. Reliable, high-quality evidence is needed on stroke risk factors, incidence, and outcomes to provide information on how best to reduce this burden. Population-based studies are regarded as the ‘gold-standard’ of measuring disease burden but are not common due to the logistical and financial challenges they present. The Auckland Regional Community Stroke Studies are among a few in the world that have been carried out at a population level and at regular intervals. Aim The aim of the fourth Auckland Regional Community Stroke Studies IV is to examine the current measures of stroke incidence, prevalence, and outcomes as well the trends over four decades. This article describes the methodology of the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Studies IV with stroke and transient ischemic attacks cases registered over a 12-month period from March 1, 2011 to February 29, 2012. Conclusions The methodology described may be used as a guide in order to design similar population-based stroke incidence and outcome studies in other countries and populations, thus facilitating the collection of most consistent and accurate stroke epidemiological data.
Assessment of oral hygiene and periodontal health around posterior primary molars after their restoration with various crown types
Authors: Beldüz Kara Nihal , Yilmaz Yucel 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the time‐dependent changes in oral hygiene and periodontal health after restoring primary posterior molars with a traditional stainless steel crown (SSC) or an aesthetic crown using various measures of periodontal health and oral hygiene.DesignThis investigation was a randomized, non‐blinded prospective controlled clinical trial in which 264 crowns of different types were fitted onto the first and/or second primary molars of 76 children. The oral hygiene and the gingival health of the restored teeth and the antagonistic teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 3‐ and 6‐month intervals for 18 months after fitting the crowns.ResultsThe periodontal health of the control teeth was better than that of the remaining 215 restored teeth. The oral hygiene, as measured by the simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival health, as measured by the gingival index and the volume of gingival crevicular fluid, of the restored teeth, irrespective of crown type, progressively increased during the 18‐month study period.ConclusionsOral hygiene and gingival health around a restored primary tooth deteriorate with time. Our results suggest that SSC, an open‐faced SSC, or a NuSmile® pediatric crown should be the preferred crown type for restoring posterior primary teeth.
Downstream horizontal integration and multiunit dealership
Authors: Martín‐Herrán Guiomar , Sigué Simon Pierre , Zaccour Georges 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a game theoretical model featuring a manufacturer and two dealers has been proposed to investigate the belief that horizontal integration in an established network and granting of regional multiunit dealership in a growing network improve the manufacturer's profit. Some of the main results are as follows: (1) the manufacturer and dealers are mutually better off when integration and multiunit dealership lead to an increase in consumer demand through higher prices and better investments in services and national advertising, (2) downstream integration and multiunit dealership harm the manufacturer's profit when the integrated dealer aims to free‐ride the manufacturer's brand or local service has no impact on consumer demand, (3) under certain conditions, both the manufacturer and dealers prefer downstream competition to integration regardless of whether it increases or reduces retail prices. Finally, mechanisms to implement horizontally integrated strategies in an established dealer network made of multiple single‐unit dealers such as the use of resale price maintenance (RPM), exclusive territory agreement, and dealer cuts are discussed.
Can Die Configuration Influence Field‐Assisted Sintering of Oxides in the SPS Process?
Authors: Raj Rishi , Rehman Ayazur 
Published: October 2013

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a high current, low voltage process. Nevertheless, the system voltage (3–10 V) can be large enough to produce significant fields across a thin, insulating sample. A lumped circuit model is analyzed to estimate the magnitude of this field in terms of the die geometry. Normalizing the sample voltage with respect to the system voltage, and the die wall thickness to the punch radius preserves generality of the results. It is predicted that if the latter ranges from 0.15 to 0.25, then 30% of the system voltage may be expressed across the sample. Thus, a sample thickness of about 1–2 mm may experience a field of 10–30 V/cm, which would be large enough to induce field‐assisted sintering in yttria‐stabilized zirconia. The results are corroborated with finite element analysis. The contact resistance is assumed to be negligible; finite values of the contact resistance would lead to fields that are higher than predicted.
Bifactor latent structure of ADHD/ODD symptoms: predictions of dual‐pathway/trait‐impulsivity etiological models of ADHD
Authors: Leonard Burns G. , de Moura Marcela Alves , Beauchaine Theodore P. , McBurnett Keith 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine if ADHD/ODD symptoms are better represented by a bifactor model of disruptive behavior [general disruptive behavior factor along with specific inattention (IN), specific hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and specific oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) factors] than an ADHD‐IN, ADHD‐HI, and ODD three‐factor model.MethodMothers' and fathers' ratings of ADHD‐IN, ADHD‐HI, and ODD symptoms in a community sample of 4,658 children and adolescents (53% female) from Brazil, Thailand, and the US were used to evaluate the measurement models.ResultsThe bifactor model of disruptive behavior provided a better fit than the three factor model. The bifactor model also occurred with mothers' and fathers' ratings of male and female children and adolescents.ConclusionsConsistent with predictions derived from recently articulated dual‐pathway and trait‐impulsivity models of externalizing liability, and from behavioral genetics studies indicating near complete overlap in vulnerability to ADHD and ODD, ADHD and ODD symptoms arose from a single, general disruptive behavior factor, which accounted for all of the variance in HI subscale scores and over half of the variance IN and ODD subscales. Thus, IN, HI, and ODD subscale scores strongly reflect a general disruptive behavior factor – not the specific content of their respective constructs.
Standard and extended lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Ke Kun , Chen Wen , Chen Yanling 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough some retrospective studies have recommended that pancreaticoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy might improve the survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas, the procedure remains controversial.MethodsUsing PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library databases, a systematic literature review was performed to identify randomized, controlled trials comparing standard and extended lymphadenectomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.ResultsFour trials including 423 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Extended lymphadenectomy failed to improve the overall survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas (hazard ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.84–1.41; P = 0.51). Additionally, postoperative mortality and morbidity were comparable between the standard and extended groups, while extended lymphadenectomy was associated with poor quality of life within 1 year after the operation.ConclusionsExtended lymphadenectomy do not benefit overall survival. Considering the poor quality of life associated with extended lymphadenectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy with standard lymphadenectomy is suitable for patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Progressive Loss of Lean Tissue in Older Japanese Adults: Longitudinal Data from the Nakanojo Study
Authors: Shephard Roy J. , Park Hyuntae , Park Sungjin , Aoyagi Yukitoshi 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo relate 5‐year lean tissue loss to habitual physical activity of elderly adults.DesignLongitudinal.SettingCommunity of Nakanojo.ParticipantsCommunity‐living Japanese aged 65 to 84 (200 men, 268 women).MeasurementsDaily 24‐hour pedometer/accelerometer data, collected continuously for 5 years, were categorized into activity quartiles. Bioelectrical impedance measurements of lean body mass were taken annually. A sarcopenia threshold was defined arbitrarily as an appendicular lean mass/height2 of more than 1 standard deviation below the mean for healthy young Japanese.ResultsSubjects with greater habitual physical activity retained a greater lean mass over the 5 years of observation. Controlling for baseline lean mass and age, final lean mass was greater for the third activity quartile (men and women with respective mean counts of 7,800 and 7,700 steps per day or mean duration of exercise at >3 metabolic equivalents (METs) of 20 and 17 minutes per day) than for the first and second quartiles. A multivariate‐adjusted proportional hazards model predicted that, over the 5 years, men and women in the two lowest activity quartiles (<6,700 and <6,800 steps per day) were 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–4.5) and 3.0 (95% CI = 1.9–3.4) times as likely, respectively, to be sarcopenic as those in the highest activity quartile (>9,000 and >8,400 steps per day). Likewise, men and women with less than 16 and less than 14 minutes per day, respectively, of activity of more than 3 METs were 3.0 (95% CI = 2.0–6.0) and 3.5 (95% CI = 2.1–6.3) times as likely to develop sarcopenia as those with more than 28 and more than 22 minutes per day.ConclusionAfter adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of developing sarcopenia was substantially lower in elderly people taking at least 7,000 to 8,000 steps per day or exercising for at least 15 to 20 minutes per day at an intensity greater than 3 METs. Clinicians should encourage seniors to get at least this volume of regular daily exercise.
Differential effects of ethanol on regional glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter pathways in mouse brain
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Veeraiah Pandichelvam , Subramaniam Vaidyanathan , Patel Anant Bahadur 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of ethanol on neuronal and astroglial metabolism using 1H‐[13C]‐NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of [1,6‐13C2]/[1‐13C]glucose or [2‐13C]acetate, respectively. A three‐compartment metabolic model was fitted to the 13C turnover of GluC3, GluC4, GABAC2, GABAC3, AspC3, and GlnC4 from [1,6‐13C2]glucose to determine the rates of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and neurotransmitter cycle associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. The ratio of neurotransmitter cycle to TCA cycle fluxes for glutamatergic and GABAegic neurons was obtained from the steady‐state [2‐13C]acetate experiment and used as constraints during the metabolic model fitting. 1H MRS measurement suggests that depletion of ethanol from cerebral cortex follows zero order kinetics with rate 0.18 ± 0.04 μmol/g/min. Acute exposure of ethanol reduces the level of glutamate and aspartate in cortical region. GlnC4 labeling was found to be unchanged from a 15 min infusion of [2‐13C]acetate suggesting that acute ethanol exposure does not affect astroglial metabolism in naive mice. Rates of TCA and neurotransmitter cycle associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons were found to be significantly reduced in cortical and subcortical regions. Acute exposure of ethanol perturbs the level of neurometabolites and decreases the excitatory and inhibitory activity differentially across the regions of brain.image
Depletion of ethanol and its effect on brain functions were measured using 1H and 1H‐[13C]‐NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of 13C‐labeled substrates. Ethanol depletion from brain follows zero order kinetics. Ethanol perturbs level of glutamate, and the excitatory and inhibitory activity in mice brain.