bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive ant colony optimization framework for scheduling environmental flow management alternatives under varied environmental water availability conditions
Authors: Szemis J. M. , Maier H. R. , Dandy G. C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHuman water use is increasing and, as such, water for the environment is limited and needs to be managed efficiently. One method for achieving this is the scheduling of environmental flow management alternatives (EFMAs) (e.g., releases, wetland regulators), with these schedules generally developed over a number of years. However, the availability of environmental water changes annually as a result of natural variability (e.g., drought, wet years). To incorporate this variation and schedule EFMAs in a operational setting, a previously formulated multiobjective optimization approach for EFMA schedule development used for long‐term planning has been modified and incorporated into an adaptive framework. As part of this approach, optimal schedules are updated at regular intervals during the planning horizon based on environmental water allocation forecasts, which are obtained using artificial neural networks. In addition, the changes between current and updated schedules can be minimized to reduce any disruptions to long‐term planning. The utility of the approach is assessed by applying it to an 89km section of the River Murray in South Australia. Results indicate that the approach is beneficial under a range of hydrological conditions and an improved ecological response is obtained in a operational setting compared with previous long‐term approaches. Also, it successfully produces trade‐offs between the number of disruptions to schedules and the ecological response, with results suggesting that ecological response increases with minimal alterations required to existing schedules. Overall, the results indicate that the information obtained using the proposed approach potentially aides managers in the efficient management of environmental water.
Constraints on the secular variation of Mercury's magnetic field from the combined analysis of MESSENGER and Mariner 10 data
Authors: Philpott Lydia C. , Johnson Catherine L. , Winslow Reka M. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , Purucker Michael E. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObservations of Mercury's internal magnetic field from the Magnetometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft have revealed a dipole moment of 190 nT RM3 offset about 480 km northward from the planetary equator, where RM is Mercury's radius. We have reanalyzed magnetic field observations acquired by the Mariner 10 spacecraft during its third flyby of Mercury (M10‐III) in 1975 to constrain the secular variation in the internal field over the past 40 years. With the application of techniques developed in the analysis of MESSENGER data, we find that the dipole moment that best fits the M10‐III data is 188 nT RM3 offset 475 km northward from the equator. Our results are consistent with no secular variation, although variations of up to 10%, 16%, and 35%, respectively, are permitted in the zonal coefficients g10, g20, and g30 in a spherical harmonic expansion of the internal field.
Evolution of the 12 July 2012 CME from the Sun to the Earth: Data‐constrained three‐dimensional MHD simulations
Authors: Shen Fang , Shen Chenglong , Zhang Jie , Hess Phillip , Wang Yuming , Feng Xueshang , Cheng Hongze , Yang Yi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe dynamic process of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere provides us the key information for evaluating CMEs' geoeffectiveness and improving the accurate prediction of CME‐induced shock arrival time at the Earth. We present a data‐constrained three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the evolution of the CME in a realistic ambient solar wind for the 12–16 July 2012 event by using the 3‐D corona interplanetary total variation diminishing (COIN‐TVD) MHD code. A detailed comparison of the kinematic evolution of the CME between the observations and the simulation is carried out, including the usage of the time elongation maps from the perspectives of both STEREO A and STEREO B. In this case study, we find that our 3‐D COIN‐TVD MHD model, with the magnetized plasma blob as the driver, is able to reproduce relatively well the real 3‐D nature of the CME in morphology and their evolution from the Sun to the Earth. The simulation also provides a relatively satisfactory comparison with the in situ plasma data from the Wind spacecraft.
Spatiotemporal variation of long‐term drought propensity through reliability‐resilience‐vulnerability based Drought Management Index
Authors: Chanda Kironmala , Maity Rajib , Sharma Ashish , Mehrotra Rajeshwar 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper characterizes the long‐term, spatiotemporal variation of drought propensity through a newly proposed, namely Drought Management Index (DMI), and explores its predictability in order to assess the future drought propensity and adapt drought management policies for a location. The DMI was developed using the reliability‐resilience‐vulnerability (RRV) rationale commonly used in water resources systems analysis, under the assumption that depletion of soil moisture across a vertical soil column is equivalent to the operation of a water supply reservoir, and that drought should be managed not simply using a measure of system reliability, but should also take into account the readiness of the system to bounce back from drought to a normal state. Considering India as a test bed, 5 year long monthly gridded (0.5° Lat × 0.5° Lon) soil moisture data are used to compute the RRV at each grid location falling within the study domain. The Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) is used as the threshold, indicative of transition into water stress. The association between resilience and vulnerability is then characterized through their joint probability distribution ascertained using Plackett copula models for four broad soil types across India. The joint cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of resilience and vulnerability form the basis for estimating the DMI as a five‐yearly time series at each grid location assessed. The status of DMI over the past 50 years indicate that drought propensity is consistently low toward northern and north eastern parts of India but higher in the western part of peninsular India. Based on the observed past behavior of DMI series on a climatological time scale, a DMI prediction model comprising deterministic and stochastic components is developed. The predictability of DMI for a lead time of 5 years is found to vary across India, with a Pearson correlation coefficient between observed and predicted DMI above 0.6 over most of the study area, indicating a reasonably good potential for drought management in the medium term water resources planning horizon.
Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring
Authors: Tauro Flavia , Porfiri Maurizio , Grimaldi Salvatore 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLarge scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) is a nonintrusive methodology for continuous surface flow monitoring in natural environments. Recent experimental studies demonstrate that LSPIV is a promising technique to estimate flow discharge in riverine systems. Traditionally, LSPIV implementations are based on the use of angled cameras to capture extended fields of view; images are then orthorectified and calibrated through the acquisition of ground reference points. As widely documented in the literature, the identification of ground reference points and image orthorectification are major hurdles in LSPIV. Here we develop an experimental apparatus to address both of these issues. The proposed platform includes a laser system for remote frame calibration and a low‐cost camera that is maintained orthogonal with respect to the water surface to minimize image distortions. We study the feasibility of the apparatus on two complex natural riverine environments where the acquisition of ground reference points is prevented and illumination and seeding density conditions are challenging. While our results confirm that velocity estimations can be severely affected by inhomogeneously seeded surface tracers and adverse illumination settings, they demonstrate that LSPIV implementations can benefit from the proposed apparatus. Specifically, the presented system opens novel avenues in the development of stand‐alone platforms for remote surface flow monitoring.
Lower Extremity Peak Force and Gait Kinematics in Individuals With Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Davenport Todd E. , Benson Kimberly , Baker Stephanie , Gracey Christopher , Rakocevic Goran , McElroy Beverly , Dalakas Marinos , Shrader Joseph A. , Harris‐Love Michael O. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between peak isometric muscle force and temporal characteristics of gait in individuals with sporadic inclusion body myositis (s‐IBM).MethodsAn observational study of 42 individuals with s‐IBM (12 women; mean ± SD age 61.8 ± 7.3 years and mean ± SD disease duration 8.9 ± 4.3 years) was conducted at a federal hospital. Peak isometric force measurements for lower extremity (LE) muscle groups were obtained using quantitative muscle testing. Temporal characteristics of gait during habitual and fast walking conditions were measured using a portable gait analysis system.ResultsAll observed muscle force values were significantly lower than predicted values (P ≤ 0.001). During habitual walking, the subjects' gait speed and cadence were ≤83% of normative literature values. During fast walking, total gait cycle time was 133% of normal, while gait speed and cadence were 58% and 78% of normative literature values, respectively. Scaled LE peak muscle forces showed significant moderate correlations with temporal gait variables. Weaker subjects had greater limitations in gait speed and cadence compared with stronger subjects (P < 0.05). Peak isometric force of the knee flexors and ankle plantar flexors was significantly correlated with most temporal features of habitual gait.ConclusionMuscle weakness associated with s‐IBM disease activity may contribute to diminished gait kinematics. Temporal features of gait were not substantially influenced by knee extensor weakness alone, considering the knee flexors and ankle plantar flexors played a compensatory role in maintaining the walking ability of individuals with s‐IBM.
Valgus Bracing for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Moyer Rebecca F. , Birmingham Trevor B. , Bryant Dianne M. , Giffin J. Robert , Marriott Kendal A. , Leitch Kristyn M. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of valgus knee bracing on pain and function, and compliance and complications, in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared changes in patient‐reported pain and/or function in patients with medial knee OA was performed. Seven databases were searched from their inception to January 2014. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility, rated risk of bias, and extracted data. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the improvement in pain (and function) were calculated. Event rates (proportions) were calculated for studies that reported complications.ResultsSix studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference favoring the valgus brace group for improvement in pain (SMD 0.33 [95% CI 0.13, 0.52], P = 0.001) and function (SMD 0.22 [95% CI 0.02, 0.41], P = 0.03). When compared to a control group that did not use an orthosis, the effect size was moderate for pain (SMD 0.56 [95% CI 0.03, 1.09], P = 0.04) and function (SMD 0.48 [95% CI 0.02, 0.95], P = 0.04). When compared to a control group that used a control orthosis, only a small, statistically significant effect for pain remained (SMD 0.33 [95% CI 0.08, 0.58], P = 0.01). Instructions for brace use varied considerably and compliance ranged from 45% to 100%. Up to 25% of patients reported minor complications with brace use.ConclusionMeta‐analysis of randomized trials suggests valgus bracing for medial knee OA results in small‐to‐moderate improvements in pain. Effect sizes vary based on study design and warrant future research.
Reliability of the Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool in Individuals With Myositis
Authors: Harris‐Love Michael O. , Joe Galen , Davenport Todd E. , Koziol Deloris , Abbett Rose Kristen , Shrader Joseph A. , Vasconcelos Olavo M. , McElroy Beverly , Dalakas Marinos C. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool (AMAT) is a 13‐item performance‐based battery developed to assess functional status and muscle endurance. The purpose of this study was to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the AMAT in adults with myositis.MethodsNineteen raters (13 physical therapists and 6 physicians) scored videotaped recordings of patients with myositis performing the AMAT for a total of 114 tests and 1,482 item observations per session. Raters rescored the AMAT test and item observations during a followup session (mean ± SD 19 ± 6 days between scoring sessions). All raters completed a single, self‐directed, electronic training module prior to the initial scoring session.ResultsIntrarater and interrater reliability correlation coefficients were ≥0.94 for the AMAT functional subscale, endurance subscale, and total score (all P < 0.02 for Ho, ρ ≤0.75). All AMAT items had satisfactory intrarater agreement (kappa statistics with Fleiss‐Cohen weights, with values κw = 0.57–1.00). Interrater agreement was acceptable for each AMAT item (κ = 0.56–0.89) except the sit up (κ = 0.16). The standard error of measurement and 95% confidence interval range for the AMAT total scores did not exceed 2 points across all observations (AMAT total score range 0–45).ConclusionThe AMAT is a reliable, domain‐specific assessment of functional status and muscle endurance for adult subjects with myositis. Results of this study suggest that physicians and physical therapists may reliably score the AMAT following a single training session. The AMAT functional subscale, endurance subscale, and total score exhibit interrater and intrarater reliability suitable for clinical and research use.
Body Mass Index and Functional Mobility Outcome Following Early Rehabilitation After a Total Knee Replacement: A Retrospective Study in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Chun‐de , Huang Yi‐Ching , Lin Li‐Fong , Huang Shih‐Wei , Liou Tsan‐Hon 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveObesity is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis, and the incidence of obese patients requiring a total knee replacement (TKR) has increased in recent years. A high body mass index (BMI) may influence post‐TKR rehabilitation outcomes. We investigated the effects of obesity on functional mobility outcomes following post‐TKR rehabilitation in Asian patients whose BMIs were not as high as those reported in similar studies performed in non‐Asian countries.MethodsA total of 113 patients were categorized as normal weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 32), class I obese (n = 31), or class II/III obese (n = 27). Patients were retrospectively followed up for 6 months after undergoing TKR followed by 2 months of active rehabilitation. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline and at the 2‐month and 6‐month followup assessments and included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the following tests: functional reach, single‐leg stance, ten‐meter walk, timed up and go, chair rise, and stair climbing.ResultsA 4 × 3 (group × time) repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed significant improvement in all of the outcome measures for all of the BMI groups at the 2‐month and 6‐month followup assessments (P < 0.05 for all). No significant intergroup differences at the 2‐month and 6‐month followup assessments were observed for any of the mobility measures except the functional reach and single‐leg stance (P < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with class II/III obesity benefit from early post‐TKR outpatient rehabilitation and respond as well as patients with lower BMIs.
Selective Generation of Formamides through Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Catalyzed by Ruthenium Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuaki , Kikuchi Takashi , Kitagawa Susumu , Tanaka Koji 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe selective formation of dialkyl formamides through photochemical CO2 reduction was developed as a means of utilizing CO2 as a C1 building block. Photochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by a [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+ (bpy: 2,2′‐bipyridyl)/[Ru(bpy)3]2+/Me2NH/Me2NH2+ system in CH3CN selectively produced dimethylformamide. In this process a ruthenium carbamoyl complex ([Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CONMe2)]+) formed by the nucleophilic attack of Me2NH on [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+ worked as the precursor to DMF. Thus Me2NH acted as both the sacrificial electron donor and the substrate, while Me2NH2+ functioned as the proton source. Similar photochemical CO2 reductions using R2NH and R2NH2+ (R=Et, nPr, or nBu) also afforded the corresponding dialkyl formamides (R2NCHO) together with HCOOH as a by‐product. The main product from the CO2 reduction transitioned from R2NCHO to HCOOH with increases in the alkyl chain length of the R2NH. The selectivity between R2NCHO and HCOOH was found to depend on the rate of [Ru(bpy)2(CO)(CONR2)]+ formation.
Development of Double‐Perovskite Compounds as Cathode Materials for Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Yoo Seonyoung , Jun Areum , Ju Young‐Wan , Odkhuu Dorj , Hyodo Junji , Jeong Hu Young , Park Noejung , Shin Jeeyoung , Ishihara Tatsumi , Kim Guntae 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA class of double‐perovskite compounds display fast oxygen ion diffusion and high catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction while maintaining excellent compatibility with the electrolyte. The astoundingly extended stability of NdBa1−xCaxCo2O5+δ (NBCaCO) under both air and CO2‐containing atmosphere is reported along with excellent electrochemical performance by only Ca doping into the A site of NdBaCo2O5+δ (NBCO). The enhanced stability can be ascribed to both the increased electron affinity of mobile oxygen species with Ca, determined through density functional theory calculations and the increased redox stability from the coulometric titration.
Muschel‐inspirierte dendritische Polymere als universelle multifunktionale Beschichtungen
Authors: Wei Qiang , Achazi Katharina , Liebe Hendrik , Schulz Andrea , Noeske Paul‐Ludwig Michael , Grunwald Ingo , Haag Rainer 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEin neues Verfahren zur Herstellung multifunktionaler Materialbeschichtungen baut auf dendritischen, von Muscheln inspirierten Polymeren auf. Diese neuartigen Polymere beziehen nicht nur funktionelle Gruppen von Muschelfußproteinen (Mfps) ein, sondern weisen auch ähnliche Molekülgrößen und ‐strukturen wie Mfps auf. Die heteromultivalente Verankerung auf Substraten und Vernetzung in den Polymeren basieren auf einer hohen Konzentration von Brenzcatechin‐ und Aminogruppen. Das Molekulargewicht der Polymere liegt bei 10 kDa und ist somit vergleichbar mit demjenigen des am stärksten anhaftenden Muschelfußproteins, Mfp‐5. Zudem befinden sich die funktionellen Gruppen sowohl bei den dendritischen Molekülen als auch in der Tertiärstruktur der Proteine an der Polymeroberfläche. Daher können diese bioinspirierten Polymere mit einer einfachen Tauchbeschichtung auf nahezu jedem Substrat rasch hochstabile Beschichtungsfilme bilden. Diese Methode ist genauso schnell wie die natürliche Verankerung der Muscheln.
Tailoring of High‐Order Multiple Emulsions by the Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Ternary Mixtures
Authors: Haase Martin F. , Brujic Jasna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMultiple emulsions with an “onion” topology are useful vehicles for drug delivery, biochemical assays, and templating materials. They can be assembled by ternary liquid phase separation by microfluidics, but the control over their design is limited because the mechanism for their creation is unknown. Herein we show that phase separation occurs through self‐similar cycles of mass transfer, spinodal decomposition or nucleation, and coalescence into multiple layers. Mapping out the phase diagram shows a linear relationship between the diameters of concentric layers, the slope of which depends on the initial ternary composition and the molecular weight of the surfactant. These general rules quantitatively predict the number of droplet layers (multiplicity), which we used to devise self‐assembly routes for polymer capsules and liposomes. Moreover, we extended the technique to the assembly of lipid‐stabilized droplets with ordered internal structures.
Novel cross‐linked sericin films: Characterization and properties
Authors: Joshi Mangala , Gulrajani M. L. , Bar Mahadev 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn the present study, an attempt has been made to convert sericin into film form and further make it insoluble by forming sericin–aluminum metal complex using alum salt, which may lead to some extent of cross‐linking. After complex formation sericin becomes insoluble in warm water as well as thermal stability and tensile strength improves significantly with increasing alum content. Metal complexed sericin films show good antimicrobial property and both the pure and alum modified sericin (AM‐Sericin) films show a very good oil barrier property. But after complex formation moisture content and swelling percentage of sericin film decreases quite significantly with increasing aluminum concentration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41400.
Multifunctional polyaniline–tin oxide (PANI–SnO2) nanocomposite: Synthesis, electrochemical, and field emission investigations
Authors: Patil Sandip S. , Harpale Kashmira V. , Koiry Shankar P. , Patil Kashinath R. , Aswal Dinesh K. , More Mahendra A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSynthesis of PANI–SnO2 nanocomposite has been performed using a simple two step chemical oxidative polymerization route. The structural, morphological and chemical properties of the as‐synthesized PANI–SnO2 nanocomposite have been revealed by various characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. Interestingly the as‐synthesized PANI–SnO2 nanocomposite exhibits supercapacitance value of 721 F g−1 with energy density 64 Wh kg−1, which is noticed to be higher than that of pristine SnO2 and PANI nanostructures. Furthermore, the galvanostatic charge–discharge characteristics revealed pseudocapacitive nature of the PANI–SnO2 nanocomposite. The estimated values of charge transfer resistance and series resistance estimated from the Nyquist plot are found to be lower. Along with the supercapacitive nature, PANI–SnO2 nanocomposite showed promising field emission behavior. The threshold field, required to draw emission current density of 1 μA/cm2, is observed to be 0.90 V/μm and emission current density of 1.2 mA/cm2 has been drawn at applied field of ∼2.6 V/μm. The emission current stability investigated at preset values of 0.02 and 0.1 mA/cm2 is observed to be fairly stable over duration of more than 3 h. The enhanced supercapacitance values, as well as, the promising field emission characteristics are attributed to the synergic effect of SnO2 nanoparticles and PANI nanotubes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41401.