bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic requirements for Moraxella catarrhalis growth under iron‐limiting conditions
Authors: de Vries Stefan P. W. , Burghout Peter , Langereis Jeroen D. , Zomer Aldert , Hermans Peter W. M. , Bootsma Hester J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIron sequestration by the human host is a first line defence against respiratory pathogens like Moraxella catarrhalis, which consequently experiences a period of iron starvation during colonization. We determined the genetic requirements for M. catarrhalis BBH18 growth during iron starvation using the high‐throughput genome‐wide screening technology genomic array footprinting (GAF). By subjecting a large random transposon mutant library to growth under iron‐limiting conditions, mutants of the MCR_0996‐rhlB‐yggW operon, rnd, and MCR_0457 were negatively selected. Growth experiments using directed mutants confirmed the GAF phenotypes with ΔyggW (putative haem‐shuttling protein) and ΔMCR_0457 (hypothetical protein) most severely attenuated during iron starvation, phenotypes which were restored upon genetic complementation of the deleted genes. Deletion of yggW resulted in similar attenuated phenotypes in three additional strains. Transcriptional profiles of ΔyggW and ΔMCR_0457 were highly altered with 393 and 192 differentially expressed genes respectively. In all five mutants, expression of nitrate reductase genes was increased and of nitrite reductase decreased, suggesting an impaired aerobic respiration. Alteration of iron metabolism may affect nasopharyngeal colonization as adherence of all mutants to respiratory tract epithelial cells was attenuated. In conclusion, we elucidated the genetic requirements for M. catarrhalis growth during iron starvation and characterized the roles of the identified genes in bacterial growth and host interaction.
Swedish pediatric diabetes teams' perception of fathers' involvement: AGroundedTheory study
Authors: Boman Ase , Povlsen Lene , Dahlborg‐Lyckhage Elisabeth , Borup Ina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze howSwedish pediatric diabetes teams perceived and discussed fathers' involvement in the care of their child with type 1 diabetes. It also aimed to discuss how the teams' attitudes towards the fathers' involvement developed during the data collection process. TheConstructivistGrounded Theory design was used and data were collected during three repeated focus group discussions with threeSwedish pediatric diabetes teams. The core category of the teams' perception of fathers' involvement emerged as:If dad attends, we are happy – if mom doesn't, we become concerned. Initially the teams balanced their perception of fathers' involvement on the mother's role as the primary caregiver. In connection with the teams' directed attention on fathers, in the focus group discussions, the teams' awareness of the importance of fathers increased. As a consequence, the team members began to encourage fathers' engagement in their child's care. We conclude that by increasing the teams' awareness of fathers as a health resource, an active health promotion perspective could be implemented in pediatric diabetes care.
Isolated intestinal transplantation for megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: Case report
Authors: Huang Chen‐Ming , Tseng Sheng‐Hong , Weng Chia‐Chee , Chen Yun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMMIHS is a rare congenital disease. It is characterized by distended urinary bladder, small colon and intestinal hypoperistalsis, or aperistalsis with normal morphology. There is no specific treatment for MMIHS, and most patients have to be maintained by TPN, which frequently causes TPN‐related liver failure, loss of venous access, or catheter‐related sepsis. The prognosis of patients with MMIHS is poor, and most patients die early. Multivisceral transplantation including stomach, duodenum, intestine, and liver has been used for the treatment of patients with MMIHS because these patients often have liver failure. We report an eight‐yr‐old patient with MMIHS who was treated with isolated intestinal transplantation. She had completely oral intake during the four yr of follow‐up. The experience in this case suggests isolated intestinal transplantation may be indicated in selected cases with MMIHS.
Molecular Electronic Tuning of Photosensitizers to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy: Synthetic Dicyanobacteriochlorins as a Case Study
Authors: Yang Eunkyung , Diers James R. , Huang Ying‐Ying , Hamblin Michael R. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Bocian David F. , Holten Dewey 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotophysical, photostability, electrochemical and molecular‐orbital characteristics are analyzed for a set of stable dicyanobacteriochlorins that are promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The bacteriochlorins are the parent compound (BC), dicyano derivative (NC)2BC and corresponding zinc (NC)2BC‐Zn and palladium chelate (NC)2BC‐Pd. The order of PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells in vitro is (NC)2BC‐Pd > (NC)2BC > (NC)2BC‐Zn ≈ BC. The near‐infrared absorption feature of each dicyanobacteriochlorin is bathochromically shifted 35–50 nm (748–763 nm) from that for BC (713 nm). Intersystem crossing to the PDT‐active triplet excited state is essentially quantitative for (NC)2BC‐Pd. Phosphorescence from (NC)2BC‐Pd occurs at 1122 nm (1.1 eV). This value and the measured ground‐state redox potentials fix the triplet excited‐state redox properties, which underpin PDT activity via Type‐1 (electron transfer) pathways. A perhaps counterintuitive (but readily explicable) result is that of the three dicyanobacteriochlorins, the photosensitizer with the shortest triplet lifetime (7 μs), (NC)2BC‐Pd has the highest activity. Photostabilities of the dicyanobacteriochlorins and other bacteriochlorins studied recently are investigated and discussed in terms of four phenomena: aggregation, reduction, oxidation and chemical reaction. Collectively, the results and analysis provide fundamental insights concerning the molecular design of PDT agents.
Cardiac‐locked bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity are absent in familial dysautonomia
Authors: Macefield Vaughan G. , Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy , Axelrod Felicia B. , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: November 2012

Key points
Patients with familial dysautonomia cannot regulate their blood pressure: on being tilted upright, their blood pressure and heart rate fall, but both can rise to high levels during emotional arousal.
It is believed that their inability to regulate blood pressure is due to a lack of sensory endings that monitor blood pressure (baroreceptors).
We recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity in these patients for the first time, and showed that the neurones do not fire with a characteristic bursting pattern, rather tending to fire continuously during periods of emotional arousal.
This suggests that the sympathetic neurones that control blood pressure are intact, but are deprived of the normal baroreceptor inputs that constrain them to fire in the intervals between heart beats.
Abstract  Familial dysautonomia (Riley–Day syndrome) is an hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN type III), expressed at birth, that is associated with reduced pain and temperature sensibilities and absent baroreflexes, causing orthostatic hypotension as well as labile blood pressure that increases markedly during emotional excitement. Given the apparent absence of functional baroreceptor afferents, we tested the hypothesis that the normal cardiac‐locked bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are absent in patients with familial dysautonomia. Tungsten microelectrodes were inserted percutaneously into muscle or cutaneous fascicles of the common peroneal nerve in 12 patients with familial dysautonomia. Spontaneous bursts of MSNA were absent in all patients, but in five patients we found evidence of tonically firing sympathetic neurones, with no cardiac rhythmicity, that increased their spontaneous discharge during emotional arousal but not during a manoeuvre that unloads the baroreceptors. Conversely, skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), recorded in four patients, appeared normal. We conclude that the loss of phasic bursts of MSNA and the loss of baroreflex modulation of muscle vasoconstrictor drive contributes to the poor control of blood pressure in familial dysautonomia, and that the increase in tonic firing of muscle vasoconstrictor neurones contributes to the increase in blood pressure during emotional excitement.
Plasma Control for a Maneuvering Low-Aspect-Ratio Wing at Low
Reynolds Number
Authors: Rizzetta Donald P. , Visbal Miguel R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Plasma-based flow control was explored as a means of enhancing the performance of a maneuvering flat-plate wing. For this purpose, a numerical investigation was conducted via large-eddy simulation (LES). The wing has a rectangular planform, a thickness to chord ratio of 0.016, and an aspect ratio of 2.0. Computations were carried out at a chord-based Reynolds number of 20,000, such that the configuration and flow conditions are typical of those commonly utilized in a small unmanned air system (UAS). Solutions were obtained to the Navier–Stokes equations, that were augmented by source terms used to represent body forces imparted by plasma actuators on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided these body forces resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme and an implicit LES approach, which were applied to obtain solutions on an overset mesh system. Specific maneuvers considered in the investigation all began at 0 deg angle of attack, and consisted of a pitch-up and return, a pitch-up and hold, and a pitch-up to 60 deg. The maximum angle of attack for the first two maneuvers was 35 deg, which is well above that for static stall. Two different pitch rates were imposed for each of the specified motions. In control situations, a plasma actuator was distributed in the spanwise direction along the wing leading edge, or extended in the chordwise direction along the wing tip. Control solutions were compared with baseline results without actuation in order to assess the benefits of flow control and to determine its effectiveness. In all cases, it was found that plasma control can appreciably improve the time integrated lift over the duration of the maneuvers. The wing-tip actuator could achieve up to a 40% increase in the integrated lift, above that of the baseline value.
RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of
Atp6i
Prevents Both Periapical Bone Erosion and Inflammation in the Mouse Model of Endodontic Disease
Authors: Ma Junqing , Chen Wei , Zhang Lijie , Tucker Byron , Zhu Guochun , Sasaki Hajime , Hao Liang , Wang Lin , Ci Hongliang , Jiang Hongbing , Stashenko Philip , Li Yi-Ping 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the United States, affecting approximately 80% of children and the majority of adults. Dental caries may lead to endodontic disease, where the bacterial infection progresses to the root canal system of the tooth, leading to periapical inflammation, bone erosion, severe pain, and tooth loss. Periapical inflammation may also exacerbate inflammation in other parts of the body. Although conventional clinical therapies for this disease are successful in approximately 80% of cases, there is still an urgent need for increased efficacy of treatment. In this study, we applied a novel gene-therapeutic approach using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Atp6i RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of
Atp6i/TIRC7
gene expression to simultaneously target periapical bone resorption and periapical inflammation. We found that
Atp6i
inhibition impaired osteoclast function
in vitro
and
in vivo
and decreased the number of T cells in the periapical lesion. Notably, AAV-mediated
Atp6i/TIRC7
knockdown gene therapy reduced bacterial infection-stimulated bone resorption by 80% in the mouse model of endodontic disease. Importantly,
Atp6i
+/−
mice with haploinsufficiency of
Atp6i
exhibited protection similar to that in mice with bacterial infection-stimulated bone erosion and periapical inflammation, which confirms the potential therapeutic effect of AAV-small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-
Atp6i/TIRC7
. Our results demonstrate that AAV-mediated
Atp6i/TIRC7
knockdown in periapical tissues can inhibit endodontic disease development, bone resorption, and inflammation, indicating for the first time that this potential gene therapy may significantly improve the health of those who suffer from endodontic disease.
A comparison of respondent-driven and venue-based sampling of female sex workers in Liuzhou, China
Authors: Weir Sharon S , Merli M Giovanna , Li Jing , Gandhi Anisha D , Neely William W , Edwards Jessie K , Suchindran Chirayath M , Henderson Gail E , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo compare two methods for sampling female sex workers (FSWs) for bio-behavioural surveillance. We compared the populations of sex workers recruited by the venue-based Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) method and a concurrently implemented network-based sampling method, respondent-driven sampling (RDS), in Liuzhou, China.MethodsFor the PLACE protocol, all female workers at a stratified random sample of venues identified as places where people meet new sexual partners were interviewed and tested for syphilis. Female workers who reported sex work in the past 4 weeks were categorised as FSWs. RDS used peer recruitment and chain referral to obtain a sample of FSWs. Data were collected between October 2009 and January 2010. We compared the socio-demographic characteristics and the percentage with a positive syphilis test of FSWs recruited by PLACE and RDS.ResultsThe prevalence of a positive syphilis test was 24% among FSWs recruited by PLACE and 8.5% among those recruited by RDS and tested (prevalence ratio 3.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 7.2). Socio-demographic characteristics (age, residence and monthly income) also varied by sampling method. PLACE recruited fewer FSWs than RDS (161 vs 583), was more labour-intensive and had difficulty gaining access to some venues. RDS was more likely to recruit from areas near the RDS office and from large low prevalence entertainment venues.ConclusionsSurveillance protocols using different sampling methods can obtain different estimates of prevalence and population characteristics. Venue-based and network-based methods each have strengths and limitations reflecting differences in design and assumptions. We recommend that more research be conducted on measuring bias in bio-behavioural surveillance.
Impact of Ancestry and Common Genetic Variants on QT Interval in African Americans
Authors: Smith J. Gustav , Avery Christy L. , Evans Daniel S. , Nalls Michael A. , Meng Yan A. , Smith Erin N. , Palmer Cameron , Tanaka Toshiko , Mehra Reena , Butler Anne M. , Young Taylor , Buxbaum Sarah G. , Kerr Kathleen F. , Berenson Gerald S. , Schnabel Renate B. , Li Guo , Ellinor Patrick T. , Magnani Jared W. , Chen Wei , Bis Joshua C. , Curb J. David , Hsueh Wen-Chi , Rotter Jerome I. , Liu Yongmei , Newman Anne B. , Limacher Marian C. , North Kari E. , Reiner Alexander P. , Quibrera P. Miguel , Schork Nicholas J. , Singleton Andrew B. , Psaty Bruce M. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Solomon Allen J. , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Alonso Alvaro , Wallace Robert , Redline Susan , Zhang Zhu-Ming , Post Wendy S. , Zonderman Alan B. , Taylor Herman A. , Murray Sarah S. , Ferrucci Luigi , Arking Dan E. , Evans Michele K. , Fox Ervin R. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Heckbert Susan R. , Whitsel Eric A. , Newton-Cheh Christopher 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Ethnic differences in cardiac arrhythmia incidence have been reported, with a particularly high incidence of sudden cardiac death and low incidence of atrial fibrillation in individuals of African ancestry. We tested the hypotheses that African ancestry and common genetic variants are associated with prolonged duration of cardiac repolarization, a central pathophysiological determinant of arrhythmia, as measured by the electrocardiographic QT interval.

Methods and Results—

First, individual estimates of African and European ancestry were inferred from genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in 7 population-based cohorts of African Americans (n=12 097) and regressed on measured QT interval from ECGs. Second, imputation was performed for 2.8 million SNPs, and a genome-wide association study of QT interval was performed in 10 cohorts (n=13 105). There was no evidence of association between genetic ancestry and QT interval (
P
=0.94). Genome-wide significant associations (
P
<2.5×10
–8
) were identified with SNPs at 2 loci, upstream of the genes
NOS1AP
(rs12143842,
P
=2×10
–15
) and
ATP1B1
(rs1320976,
P
=2×10
–10
). The most significant SNP in
NOS1AP
was the same as the strongest SNP previously associated with QT interval in individuals of European ancestry. Low probability values (
P
<10
–5
) were observed for SNPs at several other loci previously identified in genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry, including
KCNQ1
,
KCNH2
,
LITAF
, and
PLN
.

Conclusions—
We observed no difference in duration of cardiac repolarization with global genetic indices of African American ancestry. In addition, our genome-wide association study extends the association of polymorphisms at several loci associated with repolarization in individuals of European ancestry to include individuals of African ancestry.
Blending into the Religious Landscape: The Yoginīs in Benares
Authors: Keul István 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study looks at the past and present of Yoginī worship in Benares (Vārāṇasī, Kāśī). Textual sources from the twelfth century seem to indicate that the important religious center on the Ganges had a hypaethral sanctuary dedicated to this group of tantric goddesses at the beginning of the second millennium. The somewhat later Kāśīkhaṇḍa, the most important hymnic text on the mythology and religious topography of the city, can be read as describing and at the same time facilitating the gradual blending of an esoteric cult into the broader religious stream of an urban, devotionalized Śāktism. The second part of the study takes a closer look at the Cauṃsaṭhī Devī temple, the main site connected with Yoginī worship in contemporary Benares. Finally, three other places are described that local (traditional) scholars, in their publications, have indicated as Yoginī-related sites.
From Judah to Jamaica: The Psalms in Rastafari Reggae
Authors: Thompson Joseph 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Rastafari reggae bears a profound but problematic relation to the Judeo-Christian biblical texts, particularly the Psalms. Involving multiple religious and cultural transmissions, orders of intertextuality, the adaptation of Judaic psalms into reggae songs clearly constitutes some form of appropriation, an act of reinterpretation that has religious, political, cultural, and ethnic implications. This analysis aims to reconcile conflicting narratives explicating this relation and reinterpretation, approving the creative adaptation of biblical texts while resisting a trend in some of the prominent Rastafari scholarship to diminish or denigrate the Judaic experience out of which those texts originate. Rather than a form of “hijacking”—a favored metaphor in the recent secondary literature—the appropriation and transformation of the Psalms into Rastafari reggae is better understood as a tribute to the enduring power, relevance, and appeal of the biblical texts. The two forms of religious art enrich and reinforce one another, representing original and ongoing traditions of words and music as revolutionary cultural resistance and spiritual empowerment.
Living with Heterogeneity
Authors: Guss Jason , Siroky David S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Short of partition, many scholars hold that consociational arrangements are the most effective democratic institutional mechanisms to manage ethnic differences and maintain peace in nations and groups recently engaged in violent ethnic conflict. Many countries have implemented consociational arrangements to redress identity-based conflicts over recognition and resources, but the empirical record is mixed at best. Restoring moderate politics and democratic order in ethnically divided societies after war is difficult. Consociationalism, however, is usually not the best or the only option. Consociationalism fails as a viable post-conflict political system, we argue, because it tends to reinforce centrifugal politics and to reify identity-based cleavages. The implementation of centripetal social and institutional reforms, which foster political and economic incentives for communities to reintegrate refugees, diversify existing populations, and engage in coalition politics, is more likely to restore moderation and minimize the risk of renewed ethnic violence. We explore these arguments using the critical case of Bosnia, drawing on examples from other parts of the world that have faced similar challenges. We argue that efforts to balance majority rule and the rights of the constituent peoples in Bosnia have created an unwieldy power-sharing architecture that satisfies none of the parties and is unable to govern. Post-war and deeply divided democracies, such as Bosnia, require reforms that move towards a centripetal, incentives-based approach to institutional design.
Decentering Rushdie: Cosmopolitanism and the Indian Novel in English, Pranav Jani, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2010
Authors: Stasi Paul 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Decentering Rushdie argues that postcolonial studies has consistently underestimated the investment of the English-language Indian novel in the nation by focusing on a handful of texts that conform to Western assumptions about the bankruptcy of the postcolonial nation-state. Taking Salman Rushdie’s work as the sign of a presumed homology between postcolonialism and a postmodern distrust of totality, Jani demonstrates that his novels are hardly representative of the range of Indian writing in English. Instead, in a series of expert readings of less well-known texts, he demonstrates the commitment to the decolonising project that exists even within the inevitably cosmopolitan worldview of Indians writing in a colonial language. Situating his work within foundational debates in postcolonial studies, this review demonstrates the fresh light he sheds on the vexed relations among historical location, political ideology and literary form.
Taming the Spirit
Authors: Tyson Paul G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article explores connections between the decline of prophecy and the evolution of a monarchic mono-episcopate ecclesiological structure in the early Catholic Church. Of particularly interest in this evolution is the attempt to institutionalize the Holy Spirit within the post-apostolic ecclesial structure. This article argues that the Spirit of God is not governed by institutional necessity. Indeed, the freedom and resulting dynamism of the Spirit seems to require a light institutional structure and a radical power inverted vision of church such as seen in the Pauline churches. Hence this article argues that something like a Pauline ecclesiology is needed if the church is to practice an apostolic pneumatology.