bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon photonics for high-speed communications and photonic signal processing
Authors: Zhou Xuetong , Yi Dan , Chan David W. U , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeveraging on the mature processing infrastructure of silicon microelectronics, silicon photonic integrated circuits may be readily scaled to large volume production for low-cost high-volume applications such as optical transceivers for data centers. Driven by the rapid growth of generative artificial intelligence and the resultant rapid increase in data traffic in data centers, new integrated optical transceivers will be needed to support multichannel high-capacity communications beyond 1.6Tb/s. In this paper, we review some of the recent advances in high performance optical waveguide grating couplers (WGC) as a key enabling technology for future high capacity communications. We describe the novel use of shifted-polysilicon overlay gratings on top of the silicon grating that enabled foundry manufactured chips to have fiber-chip coupling losses of under 1 dB. The use of mirror symmetry and resonant cavity enhancement in the design of gratings can increase the 1-dB optical bandwidths of grating couplers to over 100 nm. Multimode waveguide grating couplers (MWGC) may be designed for the selective launch of different modes channels in multimode fibers for mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) communications. The use of different modes or polarizations in optical fibers for high capacity communications requires the unscrambling of data lanes which are mixed together during the optical fiber transmission. We describe how silicon photonic circuits can be used to perform unitary matrix operations and unscramble the different data lanes in multichannel optical communication systems. We also describe recent advances on high-speed silicon modulators for enabling data rates of individual data lanes in an integrated optical transceiver beyond 300 Gb/s.
Advances in resonator-based Kerr frequency combs with high conversion efficiencies
Authors: Zhang Xucheng , Wang Chunxue , Cheng Zhibo , Hu Congyu , Ji Xingchen , Su Yikai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent developments in resonator-based Kerr frequency combs promise excellent applications in a wide range of fields such as biosensing, spectroscopy, optical communications, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), frequency synthesis, astronomical detection, and quantum optics. A key figure of merit (FOM) for Kerr frequency combs is the pump-to-comb conversion efficiency, which is critical for applications requiring sufficient comb power and low power consumption. In this review, we first discuss the limited conversion efficiency of dissipative Kerr soliton in an anomalous dispersion microresonator based on its underlying physical characteristics. And then, we summarize the recent advances in Kerr frequency combs with high conversion efficiencies in both anomalous and normal dispersion regimes. We classify them according to various soliton states, excitation methods as well as novel material platforms. The final section of the paper presents an overview of current progress and glances at potential directions for future research.
Reactive oxygen species activate the Drosophila TNF receptor Wengen for damage-induced regeneration
Authors: Esteban-Collado José , Fernández-Mañas Mar , Fernández-Moreno Manuel , Maeso Ignacio , Corominas Montserrat , Serras Florenci 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) control pleiotropic pro-inflammatory functions that range from apoptosis to cell survival. The ability to trigger a particular function will depend on the upstream cues, association with regulatory complexes, and downstream pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, two TNFRs have been identified, Wengen (Wgn) and Grindelwald (Grnd). Although several reports associate these receptors with JNK-dependent apoptosis, it has recently been found that Wgn activates a variety of other functions. We demonstrate that Wgn is required for survival by protecting cells from apoptosis. This is mediated by dTRAF1 and results in the activation of p38 MAP kinase. Remarkably, Wgn is required for apoptosis-induced regeneration and is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following apoptosis. This ROS activation is exclusive for Wgn, but not for Grnd, and can occur after knocking down Eiger/TNFα. The extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Grnd is much more divergent than that of Wgn, which is more similar to TNFRs from other animals, including humans. Our results show a novel TNFR function that responds to stressors by ensuring p38-dependent regeneration.
Prognostic Value of Electrophysiological and MRI Findings for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M. , Schramm David R. , Rouillon Isabelle , Koravand Amineh 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electric compound action potential (eCAP), and electric auditory brainstem response (eABR) are among the routine assessments performed before and/or after cochlear implantation. The objective of this review was to systematically summarize and critically appraise existing evidence of the prognostic value of eCAP, eABR, and MRI for predicting post–cochlear implant (CI) speech perception outcomes in children, with a particular focus on the lesion site.

Method:
The present systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Three electronic databases (ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched with no restrictions on language, publication status, or year of publication. Studies on children identified with sensorineural hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, cochlear nerve deficiency, or cochleovestibular nerve abnormalities reporting the relevance of eCAP, eABR, and/or MRI results to CI speech perception outcomes were included. The literature search yielded 1,887 publications. Methodological quality and strength of evidence were assessed by the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool, respectively.

Results:
Of the 25 included studies, the relevance of eCAP, eABR, and/or MRI findings to post-CI speech perception outcomes was reported in 10, 11, and 11 studies, respectively. The studies were strongly in support of the prognostic value of eABR and MRI for CI outcomes. However, the relevance of eCAP findings to speech perception outcomes was uncertain.

Conclusion:
Despite the promising findings, caution is warranted in interpreting them due to the observational and retrospective design of the included studies, as well as the heterogeneity of the population and the limited control of confounding factors within these studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26169859
Validity and Reliability of the German Vocal Fatigue Index in Adults With Voice Disorders
Authors: Stappenbeck Lydia Elaine , Bartel Sylva , Bohlender Jörg Edgar , Brockmann-Bauser Meike 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Vocal fatigue–related symptoms, frequent in patients with voice disorders, are reliably quantifiable with the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) in several languages. The main aim of this work was to investigate the content and construct validity of the German Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI-D) by comparison with the German Voice Handicap Index 9 international (VHI9i) and the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTD). Moreover, the scale and retest reliability were investigated.

Method:

In a prospective cohort study at two tertiary care hospitals, 93 adults with all types of voice complaints filled out the VFI-D, the VHI-9i, and the VTD. Eighty-one adults (
M
age
= 53.5 years,
SD
= 15.7) completed them one time, and additional 12 patients (
M
age
= 53.8 years,
SD
= 15.6) did a test–retest, completed them twice at an interval of 1 week. The validity was assessed by Spearman's rho and Mokken scaling and the reliability by a factor analysis and a two-tailed
t
test.

Results:

Mokken scaling has proven the VFI-D as one-dimensional questionnaire (one cluster,
r
= .95). All VFI-D items could be assigned to one of three factors according to principal component and principal axis factor analysis. Although Factor 1 related best to the VHI9i (∅
r
s
= .76) and Factor 2 to the VTD (∅
r
s
= .74), Factor 3 correlated moderately with the VHI9i (
r
s
= .34) and weakly with the VTD (
r
s
= .25). Results from the first and second VFI-D completion agreed strongly (
t
= −1.78,
p
= .10).

Conclusions:
In this study, the content and construct validity of the VFI-D were confirmed. Also, both scale reliability with identical factors as those in the original study and retest reliability were verified. The VHI9i and VTD were highly indicative of VFI-D Factors 1 and 2, respectively. No correlation between Factor 3 and the other questionnaires was determined. Future research should evaluate which characteristics are specific to vocal fatigue versus general voice disorder–related symptoms.
Balance Performance in Young Adults With Hearing Aids: How Can It Be Affected by the Visual Cognitive Task?
Authors: Orhan Emre , Batuk İsa Tuncay , Batuk Merve Ozbal 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a visual cognitive additional task on balance performance in young adults with hearing aids (HAs).

Method:
Twenty young adult HA users and 20 controls were recruited for the study. Participants were asked to stand on a force plate using computerized dynamic posturography and perform a Sensory Organization Test (SOT) as a balance task under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions. The DT condition involved performing a visual cognitive task (Backward Digit Recall) while maintaining balance. Balance performance was measured using equilibrium scores under four different conditions.

Results:

The results showed that SOT scores of HA users decreased significantly in the DT compared to the ST (
p
of Condition 1: < .001;
p
of Condition 4: < .001;
p
of Condition 6: = .001). HA users' SOT scores in the DT condition were statistically significantly lower than controls (
p
of Condition 1: < .003;
p
of Condition 4: < .009;
p
of Condition 6: = .004). This suggests that the presence of a visual cognitive additional task has a negative impact on balance performance in young adults with HAs.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of cognitive tasks on balance performance in young adults with HAs. Further studies should investigate the specific needs of hearing loss patients in multitasking conditions, including age, degree of hearing loss, and cognitive ability, to develop effective interventions to reduce the risk of falls.
A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Acoustic Measures of Prosody in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fumel Jules , Bahuaud Delphine , Weed Ethan , Fusaroli Riccardo , Basirat Anahita 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Linguistic prosody is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), which implicates the basal ganglia's role in the production of prosody. However, there is no recent systematic synthesis of the available acoustic evidence of prosodic impairment in PD. This study aimed to identify the acoustic features of linguistic prosody that are consistently affected in PD.

Method:

The authors systematically reviewed articles that reported acoustic features of prosodic production in PD. Articles focused on fundamental frequency (
F
0) and its variability, intensity and its variability, speech and articulation rate, and pause duration and ratio. From a total of 648 records identified, 36 met criteria for inclusion and exclusion. For each acoustic measurement and task, data from people with PD (PwPD) were compared with those from controls to extract effect sizes. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using robust Bayesian hierarchical regression models.

Results:

PD was associated with decreased
F
0 variability and increased pause duration. There was limited evidence of reduced intensity variability and speech rate in PwPD. No evidence was found to suggest that PD affects articulation rate or pause ratio.

Conclusions:

The primary acoustic parameters of prosody affected by PD are
F
0 variability and pause duration. The identification of these acoustic parameters has important clinical implications for the selection of PD management strategies. The association of
F
0 variability and pause duration with PD suggests that the neural circuits controlling these parameters are at least partly shared and might include the basal ganglia. While the current study focused on the phonetic realization of prosodic cues, future studies should examine whether and how PD affects prosody at higher levels of processing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25892923
The Contribution of Noun and Verb Lexicon Sizes to Later Grammatical Outcomes in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Luo Jianfen , Xu Lei , Wang Min , Li Jinming , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Liu Huei-Mei , Guo Ling-Yu 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The present study evaluated the applicability of the sentence-focused framework to Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) by examining the relative contribution of receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes to later grammatical complexity.

Method:
Participants were 51 Mandarin-speaking children who received cochlear implantation before 30 months of age. At 12 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the infant version of the Early Vocabulary Inventory. At 24 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse the grammatical structures that their children were able to say using the Grammatical Complexity subtest in the Mandarin Communicative Development Inventory–Taiwan. Children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes and grammatical complexity scores were computed from these parent checklists.

Results:

Correlational analyses showed that children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation were all highly correlated with their grammatical complexity scores at 24 months after CI activation (ρs = .52–.63,
p
s < .001). Regression analyses further revealed that verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation outweighed noun lexicon sizes in accounting for grammatical complexity at 24 months after CI activation.

Conclusions:
Our findings supported the prediction of the sentence-focused framework. Emphasizing the role of verbs in early intervention has the potential to enhance grammatical outcomes in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26129044
Amplification technology for spatial division multiplexing signals transmitted using multicore fibres
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmplification technologies needed for spatial division multiplexing (SDM) signal transmission have been reported, especially focusing on submarine systems, which have stricter requirements than terrestrial ones. As the first step of a large‐scale commercialisation, 2‐core un‐coupled (UC) fibre production has already been announced. However, optical amplifiers for SDM signals are still under investigation because SDM amplifiers have various architectural possibilities, depending on the requirements to be considered in designing systems. The multicore erbium‐doped fibre amplifier (MC‐EDFA) architecture is classified from the viewpoint of the number of erbium‐doped fibre (EDF) cores and its pumping method. Core pumped MC‐EDFA is more compatible with the conventional single‐core fibre (SCF)‐ based system and more mature than cladding pumped MC‐EDFA. However, cladding pumped MC‐EDFA has a unique feature of collective amplification of all cores in a single multicore fibre (MCF) and the potential of large‐scale integration of amplification cores in a single package. For a feasibility study, a C‐band 19‐core cladding pumped MC‐EDFA prototype is fabricated using a 19‐core isolator. A half volume of the equivalent conventional single‐core (SC‐) EDFA is successfully demonstrated. One unique feature of UC‐MCF is bidirectional (BD‐) transmission using a single UC‐MCF. Signal transmission direction can differ from core to core. This feature is useful for efficiently accommodating traffic of asymmetric communication data and expanding transmission capacity at a constant transmission distance. A C‐band 7‐core cladding pumped BD‐MC‐EDFA prototype is fabricated for the bidirectional MCF transmission line. Experimental results show transmission capacity was expanded by 17% using the prototype when bidirectional signal assignment was adapted. Towards practical use, optical components suitable for MC‐EDFA need to be developed to draw out potential advantages of SDM technologies.
Trojanische Pferde in der Onkologie
Authors: Holzhauer Peter , Götte Frederik 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungAntikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate (ADC) sind eine neue Medikamentenklassen mit
zytotoxischer Wirkung. Sie ergänzen das Angebotsspektrum der onkologischen
Therapieoptionen. Neuere ADC haben eine höhere Effektivität, die jedoch auch
eine höhere Toxizität bedeuten kann. In dem Beitrag stellen die Autoren einzelne
ADC mit ihren zugelassenen Behandlungsoptionen vor.
Update: Ausgewählte Nährstoffe in der onkologischen
Intervention
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Holzhauer Peter 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungJe nach Tumorentität und Geschlecht supplementieren bis zu 90 % der
Krebspatienten antioxidative und immunrelevante (Mikro-)Nährstoffe, häufig ohne
Wissen des behandelnden Arztes. Die Gründe für die Inanspruchnahme
komplementärmedizinischer Therapien sind vielfältig. Komplementäre Maßnahmen
werden sowohl in der Akuttherapie als auch in der Nachsorge eingesetzt. Ihre
Sicherheit und Kompatibilität mit der konventionellen Tumortherapie sind von
größter Bedeutung. Onkologisch tätige Ärzte sollten daher über die aktuelle
Bedeutung von Vitamin D, Selen (SELENOP), ω-3-Fettsäuren und anderen
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen sowie potenzielle Interaktionen mit der Krebstherapie
informiert sein.
Die Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit mit Amyloid-Antikörpern
Authors: Adler Georg 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Beta-Amyloid wird als wesentlicher Faktor in der Pathogenese der Alzheimer-Krankheit und als erfolgversprechender therapeutischer Ansatzpunkt betrachtet. In den USA wurden monoklonale Antikörper gegen Beta-Amyloid zur Behandlung der leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung und der leichten Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit zugelassen.
Ziel Darstellung und Bewertung des aktuellen Standes der Beta-Amyloid-Immuntherapie der Alzheimer-Krankheit und ihrer Bedeutung für die klinische Praxis.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die Zulassung des monoklonalen Antikörpers Lecanemab zur Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit stützt sich auf klinische Studien, in denen eine Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung oder leichter Demenz nachgewiesen werden konnte. Bei den Studienteilnehmern wurde das Vorliegen einer Alzheimer-Krankheit durch den Nachweis von Beta-Amyloid-Ablagerungen mit Hilfe einer Liquor-Untersuchung oder eines Amyloid-PET festgestellt. Die Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs zeigte sich in einer besseren Erhaltung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit und der Alltagsfertigkeiten. Im Amyloid-PET führte die Behandlung zu einer Verminderung der Amyloid-Last. Als wichtigste Nebenwirkung traten bei 12–13 % der behandelten Patienten im MRT sichtbare zerebrale Ödeme oder Blutungen auf, die bei 3–4 % mit klinischen Symptomen verbunden waren. Sie werden auf die Wirkung von Lecanemab bei gleichzeitig bestehender zerebraler Amyloid-Angiopathie zurückgeführt und treten vor allem bei Patienten mit einer Homozygotie für das Apolipoprotein-E4-Allel oder mit medikamentöser Antikoagulation auf. Die Behandlung ist durch die erforderliche Vordiagnostik, die häufigen Infusionen (alle 2 Wochen) und die klinischen und MRT-Kontrollen im Behandlungsverlauf recht aufwändig und nur für einen kleinen Teil der Alzheimer-Patienten geeignet, die sich in frühen Krankheitsstadien befinden und ein geringes Risiko für das Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen haben.
Der ältere Mensch in der Praxis – Biofaktoren im
Fokus
Authors: Birkelbach Daniela , Kisters Klaus , Classen Hans-Georg 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungGerade ältere Menschen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen ernährungs- oder
krankheitsbedingten Mangel an essenziellen Biofaktoren wie Vitamine und
Mineralstoffe. Auch die im Alter oft praktizierte Multimedikation kann dazu
beitragen. Der Biofaktorenmangel kann die körperliche und geistige
Leistungsfähigkeit betroffener Senioren beeinträchtigen, zu Erkrankungen wie die
des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems, Diabetes oder Demenz führen oder diese
verschlimmern. Aufgrund des großen Anteils älterer Patienten in der Praxis
sollte daher die Biofaktorenversorgung u. a. mit Vitamin B12, Vitamin
D3 und Magnesium dieser Risikogruppe gezielt beobachtet
werden.
100 Jahre Hautklinik Erlangen
Authors: Leistner Luise , Sticherling Michael , Berking Carola , Leven Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIm März 2024 jährt sich die Ernennung von Leo Hauck und damit der letzte entscheidende Schritt zur Etablierung der universitären Dermatologie in Erlangen zum 100. Mal. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Erlanger Dermatovenerologie vom Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart. Nach den schwierigen Gründungsjahren folgte eine stabile Entwicklung, die 1945 mit dem Tod des Gründers und der Beschlagnahmung der Klinik durch die US-Amerikaner nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ein jähes Ende fand. Erst in den 1970er-Jahren kehrte die Erlanger Klinik wieder in den Kreis der deutschen universitären Dermatologie zurück, wo sie nun als moderne Klinik an Forschung und Patientenversorgung auf höchstem Niveau teilnimmt.