bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic fatigue analysis of Reciproc R25® instruments with different kinematics
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Alsancak Meltem , Doğanay Ezgi , Karataş Ertuğrul , Davut Çapar İsmail , Ertas Huseyin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc® instruments when used with different kinematics (150° counterclockwise (CCW)–30° clockwise (CW), 270° CCW–30° CW, 360° CCW–30° CW and continuous rotation). Various kinematics were tested in steel canals with a 3 mm radius and a 60° angle of curvature as follows (n = 20): 150° CCW–30° CW, 270° CCW–30° CW, 360° CCW–30° CW and 360° CCW (rotary motion). Reciproc R25® instruments were used until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded in seconds. The data were statistically analysed using a one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc tests (P = .05). The cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25® instruments used with various kinematics in decreasing order was as follows: 150° CCW–30° CW > 270° CCW–30° CW = 360° CCW–30° CW > 360° CCW rotary motion. The 150° CCW–30° CW reciprocating motion had the best performance in time to fracture. All reciprocating motions (150° CCW–30° CW, 270° CCW–30° CW and 360° CCW–30° CW) resulted in a longer mean duration to failure compared with the 360° CCW rotary motion.
Is the Romantic–Sexual Kiss a Near Human Universal?
Authors: Jankowiak William R. , Volsche Shelly L. , Garcia Justin R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTScholars from a wide range of human social and behavioral sciences have become interested in the romantic–sexual kiss. This research, and its public dissemination, often includes statements about the ubiquity of kissing, particularly romantic–sexual kissing, across cultures. Yet, to date there is no evidence to support or reject this claim. Employing standard cross‐cultural methods, this research report is the first attempt to use a large sample set (eHRAF World Cultures, SCCS, and a selective ethnographer survey) to document the presence or absence of the romantic–sexual kiss (n = 168 cultures). We defined romantic–sexual kissing as lip‐to‐lip contact that may or may not be prolonged. Despite frequent depictions of kissing in a wide range of material culture, we found no evidence that the romantic–sexual kiss is a human universal or even a near universal. The romantic–sexual kiss was present in a minority of cultures sampled (46%). Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the frequency of the romantic–sexual kiss and a society's relative social complexity: the more socially complex the culture, the higher frequency of romantic–sexual kissing. [kiss, kissing, romantic, sexual, intimate]
Evaluation of the prototype Anaesthetic Non‐technical Skills for Anaesthetic Practitioners (ANTS‐AP) system: a behavioural rating system to assess the non‐technical skills used by staff assisting the anaesthetist
Authors: Rutherford J. S. , Flin R. , Irwin A. , McFadyen A. K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study tested the reliability, validity and usability of a prototype behavioural rating system for the non‐technical skills of assistants working with the anaesthetist. Anaesthetic nurses and operating department practitioners (n = 48) used the prototype Anaesthetic Non‐technical Skills for Anaesthetic Practitioners (ANTS‐AP) system to rate the non‐technical skills of anaesthetic assistants in 12 videos of simulated theatre work. Test–retest reliability was assessed with a sub‐sample (n = 12). The skill categories assessed were ‘situation awareness’, ‘teamwork and communication’ and ‘task management’. The internal consistency for the ratings of elements in categories was acceptable (Cronbach's α of 0.78, 0.77 and 0.69, respectively), with more modest inter‐rater reliability (intraclass correlations for categories 0.54, 0.70, 0.86), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlations 0.68, 0.58, 0.38) and accuracy (weighted kappa 0.39). Most participants considered the system complete (n = 42, 87%), the wording clear (n = 48, 100%) and the system useful for structuring observation (n = 48, 100%).
Potential Danger of Pre‐Pump Clamping on Negative Pressure‐Associated Gaseous Microemboli Generation During Extracorporeal Life Support—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Wang Shigang , Chin Brian J. , Gentile Frank , Kunselman Allen R. , Palanzo David , Ündar Akif 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between revolution speed of a conventional centrifugal pump and negative pressure at the inlet of the pump by clamping the tubing upstream of the pump, and to verify whether negative pressure leads to gaseous microemboli (GME) production in a simulated adult extracorporeal life support (ECLS) system. The experimental circuit, including a Maquet Rotaflow centrifugal pump and a Medos Hilite 7000 LT polymethyl‐pentene membrane oxygenator, was primed with packed red blood cells (hematocrit 35%). Negative pressure was created in the circuit by clamping the tubing upstream of the pump for 10 s, and then releasing the clamp. An emboli detection and classification quantifier was used to record GME volume and count at pre‐oxygenator and post‐oxygenator sites, and pressure and flow rate data were collected using a custom‐based data acquisition system. All trials were conducted at 36°C at revolution speeds of 2000–4000 rpm (500 rpm increment). The flow rates were 1092.5–4708.4 mL/min at the revolution speeds of 2000–4000 rpm. Higher revolution speed generated higher negative pressure at the pre‐pump site when clamping the tubing upstream of the pump (−108.3 ± 0.1 to −462.0 ± 0.5 mm Hg at 2000–4000 rpm). Moreover, higher negative pressure was associated with a larger number and volume of GME at pre‐oxygenator site after de‐clamp (GME count 10 573 ± 271 at pre‐oxygenator site at 4000 rpm). The results showed that there was a potential danger of delivering GME to the patient when clamping pre‐pump tubing during ECLS using a centrifugal pump. Our results warrant further clinical studies to investigate this phenomenon.
Foetal tachyarrhythmia treatment remains challenging even if the vast majority of cases have a favourable outcome
Authors: Ekman‐Joelsson Britt‐Marie , Mellander Mats , Lagnefeldt Linda , Sonesson Sven‐Erik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe optimal treatment for foetal tachyarrhythmia remains controversial, and this study aimed to fill this gap in the knowledge.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of foetal tachyarrhythmia diagnosed at two tertiary foetal cardiology centres in Sweden from 1990 to 2012.ResultsOf the 153 cases, 28% had atrial flutter (AF), 63% had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and 9% had other mechanisms. Hydrops was present in 45, less frequently in AF than in AVRT. Transplacental treatment was commenced in 99 and the rhythm normalised in two‐thirds, without any significant difference in cardioversion rates between AF and AVRT cases or nonhydropic and hydropic foetuses. Sotalol treatment had a higher cardioversion rate than digoxin in AVRT (63% versus 33%, p < 0.05) but not in AF (57% versus 56%). Two or more drugs were used in 38%. Neonatal survival was 100% in nonhydropic and 84% in hydropic cases. After a median of eight years, 11/134 patients still had arrhythmias, one had died due to arrhythmia and another had undergone cardiac transplantation.ConclusionTransplacental treatment was frequently insufficient to obtain cardioversion in nonhydropic and hydropic foetuses, but all nonhydropic cases had favourable outcomes. Larger prospective studies are needed to optimise the treatment of cases with hydrops.
Systematic review of the methodological quality of studies designed to create neonatal anthropometric charts
Authors: Giuliani Francesca , Ohuma Eric , Spada Elena , Bertino Enrico , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. , Altman Douglas G. , Conde‐Agudelo Agustin , Kennedy Stephen H. , Villar Jose , Cheikh Ismail Leila 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBabies all over the world are assessed at birth using neonatal anthropometric charts as a matter of clinical routine. This systematic review evaluated the methodological quality of studies designed to create neonatal anthropometric charts and to highlight features in the charts that could affect clinical decision‐making and comparisons between populations. The variety and quality of available charts could affect how newborns at risk are identified, together with the indications for treatment, especially nutritional interventions.ConclusionThe studies that generated the charts currently recommended for clinical use have major methodological limitations and international and regional comparisons are very difficult.
‘I didn't know other people existed who hear voices…’ – qualitative perceptions of a hearing voices group for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Tomlins Rose , Cawley James 
Published: July 2015

Accessible summary

We ran a new group for people with learning disabilities who heard voices.

We interviewed people who came to the group to see whether they liked the group. We also interviewed people who decided not to come to the group, to find out why.

We also asked family members and professionals what they thought about the group.

People thought the group would help them cope with their voices.

People who came enjoyed meeting other people who heard voices.

We found that some things stopped people coming to the group. We want to change these things for the next group so that more people will be able to come.

SummaryGroup work for people who experience voice hearing in the mainstream population has been shown to have various benefits; however, there is little research describing hearing voices groups for people with learning disabilities. This study describes perceptions of a new hearing voices group for people with mild learning disabilities. Semi‐structured interviews with twelve participants were conducted. This included three clients who attended the hearing voices group, three of their family members/carers and one professional. In addition, of those who were referred to the group but chose not to attend, one client, two family members/carers and two professionals were interviewed. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used to identify three overarching themes; the first ‘benefits of our hearing voices group’ described participants’ evaluations and perceptions of the hearing voices group. The second ‘making the decision to attend’ covers factors that influence clients when deciding whether or not to attend a hearing voices group. In the final theme ‘positive and negative contributors to the voice‐hearing experience’, participants reflected on factors that affect the voice‐hearing experience. The hearing voices group was valued by participants; however, services should consider the barriers to attendance faced by some clients. Strategies for addressing these are discussed.
Collectin liver 1 and collectin kidney 1 and other complement-associated pattern recognition molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Troldborg A , Thiel S , Jensen L , Hansen S , Laska M J , Deleuran B , Jensenius J C , Stengaard-Pedersen K 
Published: July 2015

Summary
The objective of this study was to explore the involvement of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1) and other pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the lectin pathway of the complement system in a cross-sectional cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Concentrations in plasma of CL-L1, CL-K1, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), M-ficolin, H-ficolin and L-ficolin were determined in 58 patients with SLE and 65 healthy controls using time-resolved immunoflourometric assays. The SLE patients' demographic, diagnostic, clinical and biochemical data and collection of plasma samples were performed prospectively during 4 months. CL-L1, CL-K1 and M-ficolin plasma concentrations were lower in SLE patients than healthy controls (P-values &lt; 0·001, 0·033 and &lt; 0·001, respectively). H-ficolin concentration was higher in SLE patients (P &lt; 0·0001). CL-L1 and CL-K1 plasma concentrations in the individuals correlated in both patients and controls. Patients with low complement component 3 (C3) demonstrated a negative correlation between C3 and CL-L1 and CL-K1 (P = 0·022 and 0.031, respectively). Patients positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies had lower levels of MBL in plasma than patients negative for anti-dsDNA antibodies (P = 0·02). In a cross-sectional cohort of SLE patients, we found differences in the plasma concentrations of CL-L1, CL-K1, M-ficolin and H-ficolin compared to a group of healthy controls. Alterations in plasma concentrations of the PRMs of the lectin pathway in SLE patients and associations to key elements of the disease support the hypothesis that the lectin pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Effect of glaucoma medications on 24‐hour intraocular pressure‐related patterns using a contact lens sensor
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Medeiros Felipe A , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this article was to study the circadian intraocular pressure (IOP)‐related effects of ocular hypotensive medications using a contact lens sensor (CLS).DesignThis is a university‐based prospective, randomized, crossover trial.ParticipantsA total of 23 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma participated.MethodsPatients underwent ambulatory recording of IOP‐related patterns for 24 h in one eye during 3 monthly sessions using a CLS. Patients were untreated in session 1 (S1), were randomized to one of four classes of glaucoma drops for S2 and had a prostaglandin analogue add‐on for S3.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in IOP‐related patterns were defined using (i) slopes from wake/sitting to sleep/supine; (ii) cosinor rhythmometry modelling; and (iii) area under receiver operating curve (AUC) of sleep period.ResultsMean patient age was 63.8 ± 11.8 years. Positive linear slopes were seen from wake/sitting to sleep/supine at S1 (17.1 ± 14.2 mVeq/h) and S2 (5.5 ± 23.9 mVeq/h) and negative slopes at S3 (−1.9 ± 29.4 mVeq/h) (S1–S2, P = 0.01; S1–S3, P = 0.02). In the prostaglandin group, slopes changed significantly with introduction of drops (S1–S2, P < 0.024), whereas they did not in a mixed group combining the three other classes (S1–S2, P = 0.060). Overall, cosinor amplitudes were 98.4 ± 46.5 mVeq (S1), 113.0 ± 35.6 mVeq (S2) and 109.6 ± 58.3 mVeq (S3) (S1–S2, P = 0.23; S1–S3, P = 0.66; S2–S3, P = 0.93). AUC were 91.8 ± 63.0 mVeq (S1), 76.3 ± 102.7 mVeq (S2) and 19.9 ± 135.8 mVeq (S3). Differences between sessions were not statistically significant (S1–S2, P = 0.541; S1–S3, P = 0.083; S2–S3, P = 0.092).ConclusionsProstaglandin analogues, but not other medications, seem to flatten the IOP‐related increase at transition of the wake/sitting to the sleep/supine period, but do not seem to have an effect on acrophase and amplitude.
Five Frames to Promote Innovative Business Education: Lessons Learned from the Art and Science of Improv
Authors: Yin L. Roger , Kumta Shekhar M. , Werner Jon M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBusiness education and workplace learning are addressed via five episodes or conversations between two business educators, one of whom is experienced and also an improvisational artist. Vaill (1989) compared managing to a performing art. Vendelø (2009) connected organizational learning to improvisation. In these constructed conversations, the improvisational nature of Decision Sciences is extended with dialogues on learning assessment, memory and pedagogical strategies, semiotics (learning via signs), technology and visual learning, and adult cognitive development. Connections to past and current writings on these topics are made, and practical examples provided for each conversation. It can be seen that improv adds insight into what McCormack et al. called “learning to work” and “learning a new kind of learning.” These conversations can be viewed as multiple frames to foster analytical and critical thinking skills by business students.
Haem uptake is essential for egg production in the haematophagous blood fluke of humans, Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Toh Shu Qin , Gobert Geoffrey N. , Malagón Martínez David , Jones Malcolm K. 
Published: July 2015

Schistosomes ingest host erythrocytes, liberating large quantities of haem. Despite its toxicity, haem is an essential factor for numerous biological reactions, and may be an important iron source for these helminths. We used a fluorescence haem analogue, palladium mesoporphyrin, to investigate pathways of haem acquisition, and showed that palladium mesoporphyrin accumulates in the vitellaria (eggshell precursor glands) and ovary of female Schistosoma mansoni. Furthermore, incubation of adult females in 10–100 μm cyclosporin A (IC50 = 2.3 μm) inhibits the uptake of palladium mesoporphyrin to these tissues, with tenfold reductions in fluorescence intensity of the ovary. In vitro exposure to cyclosporin A resulted in significant perturbation of egg production, reducing egg output from 34 eggs per female to 5.7 eggs per female over the incubation period, and retardation of egg development. We characterized a S. mansoni homologue of the haem‐responsive genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene (Smhrg‐1) encodes a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa. SmHRG‐1 was able to rescue growth in haem transport‐deficient HEM1Δ yeast. Transcriptional suppression of Smhrg‐1 in adult S. mansoni worms resulted in significant delay in egg maturation, with 47% of eggs from transcriptionally suppressed worms being identified as immature compared with only 27% of eggs laid by control worms treated with firefly luciferase. Our findings indicate the presence of transmembrane haem transporters in schistosomes, with a high abundance of these molecules being present in tissues involved in oogenesis.
Monotonic and low cycle fatigue behaviour of 2024‐T3 aluminium alloy between room temperature and 300 °C for designing VAWT components
Authors: Karakaş Ö. , Szusta J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the present study, the results of the monotonic tension tests and low cycle fatigue tests performed on aluminium alloy EN AW‐2024‐T3 under various operating temperatures are presented in order to assess the fatigue behaviour of the aluminium alloy under evaluated temperatures. Monotonic tests were performed to determine the influence of temperature on mechanical properties of the material. The aim of cyclic tests was to acquire the parameters required for Manson–Coffin equation in order to plot strain–fatigue life curves. Moreover, stress–strain behaviour of the alloy and the cyclic hardening behaviour were evaluated using Ramberg–Osgood equation. Finally, PSWT‐damage parameters for each temperature have been calculated for further investigation of the effects of the temperature on fatigue life using acquired data while taking the account of mean stress effect into calculations. Variations in the experimental data due to various test temperatures are presented for both monotonic and cyclic tests.
Population‐level responses of stream macroinvertebrates to drying can be density‐independent or density‐dependent
Authors: Lancaster Jill , Ledger Mark E. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

The frequency and intensity of droughts and stream drying are likely to increase with climate change, but how freshwater macroinvertebrate populations respond to such disturbances is poorly understood. Theory predicts that stochastic disturbances should generate density‐independent mortality, but density dependence is possible if mortality arises indirectly through changes in consumer–resource dynamics, or if mortality is mediated by disturbance refugia. Empirical evidence for density‐dependent or density‐independent mortality in freshwater invertebrates is scarce, but important to predict how population sizes will alter with changing climate.

In a stream mesocosm experiment, we tested whether short‐term drying events (5–6 days) resulted in population losses of macroinvertebrates, and whether any losses were density‐dependent or density‐independent. On each of 10 replicate drying events over a year and over a naturally occurring range of invertebrate densities, we measured pre‐ and post‐disturbance densities. From these data, we calculated per capita mortality rates, tested statistically for associations between mortality rates and pre‐disturbance densities, and assessed whether mortality differed seasonally. Invertebrate assemblages in the channels were derived from a chalk stream in south‐west England. Analyses focussed on 12 core taxa that were common in the community, which included a taxonomically diverse group of worms, Gastropoda, Gammaridae, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera.

Responses to drying were species‐specific and three different response types were observed. Half of the taxa were resistant to drying and there was no apparent mortality, even in the near‐total loss of free water (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Bezzia sp., Chironomini, Radix balthica and two groups of Naididae). Four taxa showed density‐independent mortality (Polycentropus flavomaculatus, Tanypodinae, Gammarus pulex, Baetis scambus), but differed in vulnerability with per capita loss rates ranging from 57 to 100%. Strong evidence of density‐dependent mortality was observed in Orthocladiinae and suggested also for Tanytarsini. Mortality varied seasonally for only one taxon (Tanytarsini), with higher mortality in warm versus cool months. Particular response types were not necessarily associated with particular taxonomic groups or body shapes.

This range of responses to drying by different, naturally co‐occurring, populations suggests that community‐level impacts of drying are underpinned by diverse, taxon‐specific responses. The experiment provides some support for theoretical predictions of density‐independent mortality, but also some of the first evidence that disturbance refugia can result in density‐dependent mortality.
Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from cryptogamic covers
Authors: Lenhart Katharina , Weber Bettina , Elbert Wolfgang , Steinkamp Jörg , Clough Tim , Crutzen Paul , Pöschl Ulrich , Keppler Frank 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCryptogamic covers, which comprise some of the oldest forms of terrestrial life on Earth (Lenton & Huntingford, ), have recently been found to fix large amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (Elbert et al., ). Here we show that they are also greenhouse gas sources with large nitrous oxide (N2O) and small methane (CH4) emissions. Whilst N2O emission rates varied with temperature, humidity, and N deposition, an almost constant ratio with respect to respiratory CO2 emissions was observed for numerous lichens and bryophytes. We employed this ratio together with respiration data to calculate global and regional N2O emissions. If our laboratory measurements are typical for lichens and bryophytes living on ground and plant surfaces and scaled on a global basis, we estimate a N2O source strength of 0.32–0.59 Tg year−1 for the global N2O emissions from cryptogamic covers. Thus, our emission estimate might account for 4–9% of the global N2O budget from natural terrestrial sources. In a wide range of arid and forested regions, cryptogamic covers appear to be the dominant source of N2O. We suggest that greenhouse gas emissions associated with this source might increase in the course of global change due to higher temperatures and enhanced nitrogen deposition.