bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of testicular germ cell tumors among US men by census region
Authors: Ghazarian Armen A. , Trabert Britton , Graubard Barry I. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Altekruse Sean F. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) in the United States is notably higher among white men versus other men. Previously, however, it was reported that rates were rising among Hispanics in certain areas. To determine whether this finding was evident in a wider area of the United States, data from 39 US cancer registries were examined.METHODSRacial/ethnic‐specific incidence rates per 100,000 man‐years were calculated overall and by census region for the period of 1998‐2011. Annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated, and joinpoint models were fit. Differences in incidence by region were examined with the Wald test.RESULTSFrom 1998 to 2011, 88,993 TGCTs were recorded. The TGCT incidence was highest among non‐Hispanic whites (6.57 per 100,000), who were followed by Hispanics (3.88), American Indians/Alaska Natives (2.88), Asians/Pacific Islanders (A/PIs; 1.60), and non‐Hispanic blacks (1.20). The incidence significantly increased among Hispanics (APC, 2.31; P < .0001), with rates rising in all regions except the South. Rates rose slightly among non‐Hispanic whites (APC, 0.51; P = .0076). Significant differences in rates by region were seen for Hispanics (P = .0001), non‐Hispanic whites (P < .0001), and A/PIs (P < .0001), with the highest rates among Hispanics in the West and with the highest rates among non‐Hispanic whites and A/PIs in the Northeast.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the incidence of TGCTs remained highest among non‐Hispanic whites between 1998 and 2011, the greatest increase was experienced by Hispanics. Rising rates of TGCTs among Hispanics in the United States suggest that future attention is warranted. Reasons for the increase may include variability in birthplace, changing exposures, genetic susceptibility, and the length of US residence. Cancer 2015;121:4181–4189. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term visual outcome after chemotherapy for optic pathway glioma in children: Site and age are strongly predictive
Authors: Dodgshun Andrew J. , Elder James E. , Hansford Jordan R. , Sullivan Michael J. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDOptic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are commonly noted in pediatric oncology services. Radiotherapy is effective at controlling tumors, but has many undesirable late effects, especially in patients with neurofibromatosis. Chemotherapy is commonly used to preserve vision and delay or eliminate the need for radiotherapy. Despite visual threat being a common reason to initiate chemotherapy in patients with OPG, reports of visual outcome after chemotherapy are not common and reports of long‐term visual outcome are even scarcer.METHODSIn a single institution, all patients with OPG who had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy between 1996 and 2013 were identified from hospital databases. Visual, treatment, and radiological data were recorded. Categorized visual acuity was the primary outcome measure.RESULTSOf 43 patients identified, visual data were available for 42 patients. Approximately 14% of patients experienced an improvement in visual acuity during therapy, 9% of patients experienced a deterioration, and the remainder were stable. At a mean follow‐up of 78 months, 26% of patients were legally blind. Children aged <2 years and patients with a chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumor site were overrepresented in this category. An intraconal location was predictive of poor visual outcome for that eye but was unilateral with normal vision in the contralateral eye.CONCLUSIONSRisk factors for long‐term visual deterioration are young age, chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumor site, and intraconal tumor site for the involved eye. The most common visual outcome for children with OPG after treatment with chemotherapy is stability. This stability is maintained over the long term for >90% of children without these risk factors. Cancer 2015;121:4190–4196. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Addition of radiotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Rutter Charles E. , Park Henry S. , Corso Christopher D. , Lester‐Coll Nataniel H. , Mancini Brandon R. , Yeboa Debra N. , Johung Kimberly L. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment for resected pancreatic cancer is controversial because direct comparisons of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) alone and chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) are limited. This study assessed outcomes of CT versus CRT in a national cohort to provide a modern estimate of comparative effectiveness.METHODSPatients with pT1‐3N0‐1M0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Overall survival (OS) was compared for CT and CRT groups with Cox regression and propensity score matching. Subset analyses by clinicopathologic characteristics were performed.RESULTSThis study identified 6165 patients treated with CT (n = 2334 or 38%) or CRT (n = 3831 or 62%). Most were classified as pT3 (72%), pN1 (67%), and status‐post R0 resection (84%). For CRT patients, the median radiotherapy dose was 50.4 Gy. Compared with CT, CRT was associated with improved OS in a univariate analysis (median, 20.0 vs 22.3 months; at 5 years, 16.5% vs 19.6%; P < .001) and a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.893; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.837‐0.953; P = .001). CRT remained associated with improved OS after propensity score matching (HR, 0.851; 95% CI, 0.793‐0.913; P < .001). Subset analyses showed that CRT was associated with improved OS among patients with pT3 (HR, 0.892; 95% CI, 0.828‐0.962; P = .003) or pN1 disease (HR, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.793‐0.924; P < .001) and both R0 resection (HR, 0.901; 95% CI, 0.839‐0.969; P = .005) and R1 resection (HR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.722‐0.983; P = .030).CONCLUSIONSCRT was independently associated with improved OS after the resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a large national cohort and particularly among patients with R1 resection and pN1 disease. Well‐designed randomized comparisons of CRT and CT are urgently needed. Cancer 2015;121:4141–4149. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
5‐(3′,4′‐Dicarboxylphenoxy)isophthalate/5‐(2′,3′‐Dicarboxylphenoxy)isophthalate‐Based 3D Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Structure, and Sensing of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Wang Yan‐Ning , Yu Jie‐Hui , Xu Ji‐Qing 
Published: August 2015

Abstract5‐(3′,4′‐Dicarboxylphenoxy)isophthalic acid (H4L1) and 5‐(2′,3′‐dicarboxylphenoxy)isophthalic acid (H4L2) were reacted with Cd2+ salt with/without the assistance of N‐donor ligands, creating five 3D CdII coordination polymers [Cd2(L1)(H2O)5]⋅H2O (1), [Cd2(L1)(bpe)(H2O)] (bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene; 2), [Cd2(L1)(bpa)(H2O)] (bpa=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane; 3), [Cd2(L1)(bpp)] (bpp=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane; 4), and [Cd2(L2)(bpp)2(H2O)2]⋅H2O (5). Crystal‐structure analysis reveals 1) in 1, phthalate moieties for L1 link Cd1 centers into a 1D slightly helical chain; Cd2 centers act as bridges, linking 1D helical chains into a 3D network with a (3,5)‐connected topology; 2) in 2–4, although Cd2+ centers were further modified by the introduction of organic bases, L1 molecules still link Cd2+ centers into 3D networks, which can all be simplified as pcu topology; 3) in 2–4, phthalate moieties first link Cd2+ centers into an oligomer, in which carboxylate‐bridged discrete or rod‐shaped secondary building units (SBUs) are found (tetranuclear SBU in 2 and 3, rod‐shaped SBU in 4); and 4) in 5, L2 molecules link Cd2+ centers into a 2D (4,4) net; introduced bpp molecules serve as pillar linkers, extending Cd2+–L2 layers into a 3D network of 5. The sensing abilities of 2–5 for nitrobenzene (NB) were investigated. Results revealed that they could all serve as fluorescence probes to sense NB at ppm concentrations.
Grafting of ZnS:Mn‐Doped Nanocrystals and an Anticancer Drug onto Graphene Oxide for Delivery and Cell Labeling
Authors: Dinda Sanghamitra , Kakran Mitali , Zeng Jialiu , Sudhaharan Thankiah , Ahmed Sohail , Das Debajyoti , Selvan Subramanian Tamil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of highly fluorescent manganese‐doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn) nanocrystals covalently functionalized with polyethylene glycol conjugated graphene oxide (GO‐PEG) for drug delivery and cell labeling is reported. First, covalently functionalized GO with PEG‐bis(amine) to enhance the solubility and biocompatibility in water and physiological buffers. Second, glutathione (GSH)‐coated ZnS:Mn‐doped nanocrystals were covalently grafted onto GO‐PEG. An acid‐amidation process was employed to obtain GO‐PEG/ZnS:Mn nanocomposites, which were characterized by UV/Vis, photoluminescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was noncovalently loaded onto these GO‐PEG/ZnS:Mn composite particles. High drug entrapment efficiency (100 % due to more GO surface available for binding), slow in vitro release of drug (ca. 40 % at acidic pH), better HeLa cancer cell killing efficiency (ca. 85 %), and cell labeling capability are the important traits of these DOX‐loaded nanocomposites. It is believed these novel fluorescent [GO‐PEG/ZnS:Mn]‐DOX composite particles have great potential as theranostic agents in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Functionalized Agarose Self‐Healing Ionogels Suitable for Supercapacitors
Authors: Trivedi Tushar J. , Bhattacharjya Dhrubajyoti , Yu Jong‐Sung , Kumar Arvind 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAgarose has been functionalized (acetylated/carbanilated) in an ionic liquid (IL) medium of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate at ambient conditions. The acetylated agarose showed a highly hydrophobic nature, whereas the carbanilated agarose could be dissolved in water as well as in the IL medium. Thermoreversible ionogels were obtained by cooling the IL sols of carbanilated agarose at room temperature. The ionogel prepared from a protic–aprotic mixed‐IL system (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium formate) demonstrated a superior self‐healing property, as confirmed from rheological measurements. The superior self‐healing property of such an ionogel has been attributed to the unique inter–intra hydrogen‐bonding network of functional groups inserted in the agarose. The ionogel was tested as a flexible solid electrolyte for an activated‐carbon‐based supercapacitor cell. The measured specific capacitance was found to be comparable with that of a liquid electrolyte system at room temperature and was maintained for up to 1000 charge–discharge cycles. Such novel functionalized‐biopolymer self‐healing ionogels with flexibility and good conductivity are desirable for energy‐storage devices and electronic skins with superior lifespans and robustness.
Electrochemical, Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Investigations of CeIII in a 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Ethyl Sulfate (EMIES) Ionic Liquid
Authors: Gupta Ruma , Gamare Jayashree , Jayachandran Kavitha , Gupta Santosh K. , Lohithakshan Kaiprath V. , Kamat Jayashree V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA systematic study was carried out to explore the electrochemical behaviour of Ce in an EMIES ionic liquid at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode over the range 298–351 K. The electrode reaction of CeIII/CeIV was found to be quasi‐reversible by cyclic voltammetry. An increase in the current intensity was obtained with an increase in temperature. The diffusion coefficients (Do), the transfer coefficients (α) of CeIII and the charge‐transfer rate constants (ks) were estimated. The apparent standard potential (E0*) and the thermodynamic properties of the oxidation of CeIII to CeIV were also investigated. A photoluminescence investigation on cerium extracted in EMIES ionic liquid shows the stabilization of cerium in the CeIII state. There is a broad band at 350 nm, which is attributed to the 5d1→4f1 transitions. With an increase in temperature the CeIII peak intensity decreases gradually and is almost flattened at 350 K. This may be a result of CeIII being converted into CeIV with an increase in temperature and then not being luminescence‐active as it is an f0 system.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Manchoju Amarender , Thorat Rakesh G. , Pansare Sunil V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of functionalized quaternary stereocenters was developed from amino alcohol derived (bromoalkylidene)morpholinones. Stereoselective cross‐coupling of the morpholinones with arylboronic acids or alkyl trifluoroborates provided a variety of disubstituted alkylidenemorpholinones. A highly stereoselective Prins reaction of the cross‐coupling products generated the target quaternary stereocenter. The Prins products are readily converted into a variety of acyclic, enantiomerically enriched, functionalized building blocks with a quaternary stereocenter.
CO2 chemisorption and cyclability analyses in α−Li5AlO4: effects of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 addition
Authors: Teresa Flores‐Martínez M. , Pfeiffer Heriberto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLithium aluminate (α−Li5AlO4) was synthesized and mixed with potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. The addition of these alkaline carbonates was produced during or after the synthesis process. The CO2 chemisorption was evaluated using dynamic, isothermal, and cyclic thermogravimetric analyses. The presence of the K or Na in α−Li5AlO4 changes the sorption properties in a wide temperature range. K‐ and Na‐Li5AlO4 samples, when the alkaline carbonates were added 10 wt% presented better CO2 capture properties, capturing 37−39 wt% at 660 °C and ∼50 wt% at 710 °C, for doped samples prepared mechanically or synthetically, respectively. The results revealed that the weight gained on α−Li5AlO4 mixed with K‐ or Na‐carbonates was attributed to the formation of the eutectic phases. These materials would be suitable for CO2 capture over a wide temperature range depending on the application process. Nevertheless, the cyclic experiments showed important variations in their respective efficiencies, depending on the temperature. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dementia with Lewy bodies can be well‐differentiated from Alzheimer's disease by measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity—a [11C]MP4A PET study
Authors: Shimada H. , Hirano S. , Sinotoh H. , Ota T. , Tanaka N. , Sato K. , Yamada M. , Fukushi K. , Irie T. , Zhang M. R. , Higuchi M. , Kuwabara S. , Suhara T. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic performance of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity measurement using N‐[11C]‐methyl‐4‐piperidyl acetate (MP4A) and PET in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsParticipants were 14 DLB patients, 25 AD patients and 18 age‐matched healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent PET scans and MP4A to measure regional brain AChE activity. We performed anatomical standardization of each brain image, and k3 values, an index of AChE activity, in each voxel were estimated by nonlinear least squares analysis. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were identified on parametric k3 images in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in anterior and posterior cingulate gyri (ACG and PCG). In each VOI, the differential diagnostic performance between AD and DLB of k3 values was assessed by area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver‐operating characteristic. Voxel‐based statistical analyses were also performed.ResultsMean cortical AChE activities in AD patients (−8.2% compared with normal mean) and DLB patients (−27.8%) were lower than HCs (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in mean cortical AChE activities between AD and DLB patients (p < 0.001). All regional brain AChE activities of defined VOIs except ACG were able to well discriminate DLB from AD, and notably performance was the most significant in PCG (AUC = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.965–1.000).ConclusionsBrain cholinergic deficit is consistently prominent in DLB compared with AD. PET measurement of brain AChE activity may be useful for the differential diagnosis between DLB and AD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anaphylaxis cases presenting to primary care paramedics in Quebec
Authors: Kimchi Nofar , Clarke Ann , Moisan Jocelyn , Lachaine Colette , La Vieille Sebastien , Asai Yuka , Joseph Lawrence , Mill Chris , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe 
Published: August 2015

AbstractData on anaphylaxis cases in pre‐hospital settings is limited. As part of the Cross Canada Anaphylaxis Registry (C‐CARE), we assessed anaphylaxis cases managed by paramedics in Outaouais, Quebec. A software program was developed to prospectively record demographic and clinical characteristics as well as management of cases meeting the definition of the anaphylaxis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were compared to assess factors associated with severity of reactions and epinephrine use. Among 33,788 ambulance calls of which 23,486 required transport, 104 anaphylaxis cases were identified (anaphylaxis rate of 0.31% [95%CI, 0.25%, 0.37%] among all ambulance calls and 0.44% [95%CI, 0.36%, 0.54%] among those requiring transport). The median age was 46.8 years and 41.3% were males. The common triggers included food (32.7% [95%CI, 24.0%, 42.7%]), drugs (24.0% [16.4%, 33.6%]), and venom (17.3% [10.8%, 26.2%]). Among all reactions, 37.5% (95%CI, 28.4%, 47.6%) were severe. Epinephrine was not administered in 35.6% (95%CI, 26.6%, 45.6%) of all cases. Males were more likely to have severe reactions (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.50 [95%CI, 1.03, 6.01]). Venom‐induced reactions and severe anaphylaxis were more likely to be managed with epinephrine (OR: 6.9 [95%CI, 1.3, 35.3] and 4.2 [95%CI, 1.5, 12.0], respectively). This is the first prospective study evaluating anaphylaxis managed by paramedics. Anaphylaxis accounts for a substantial proportion of the cases managed by paramedics in Outaouais, Quebec and exceeds prior reports of the proportion of Quebec emergency room visits attributed to anaphylaxis. Although guidelines recommend prompt use of epinephrine for all cases of anaphylaxis, more than a third of cases did not receive epinephrine. It is crucial to develop educational programs targeting paramedics to promote the use of epinephrine in all cases of anaphylaxis regardless of the specific trigger.
CDS Spreads and Contagion Amongst Systemically Important Financial Institutions – A Spatial Econometric Approach
Authors: Eder Armin , Keiler Sebastian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study applies a novel way of measuring, quantifying and modelling the contagion risk amongst financial institutions. The magnitude of risk spill over effects is gauged by introducing a specific weighting scheme to the regression. This approach originally stems from spatial econometrics. The methodology allows for a decomposition of the credit spread into a contagion risk premium, a systematic risk premium and an idiosyncratic risk premium. We identify considerable risk spill overs due to the interconnectedness of the financial institutes in the sample. In stress tests, up to one‐fifth of the CDS spread changes are owing to financial contagion. These results also give an alternative explanation for the nonlinear relationship between a debtor's theoretical probability of default and the observed credit spreads – known as the ‘credit spread puzzle’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Puerarin Protects Human Neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y Cells against Glutamate‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Zhu Xue , Wang Ke , Zhang Kai , Lin Xiufeng , Zhu Ling , Zhou Fanfan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGlutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter, plays a central role in brain metabolism; however, aberrant neurotransmission of glutamate has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the effective agents that target at glutamate‐induced cell injury will be useful for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of puerarin, an active isoflavone extracted from the Chinese herb Radix puerariae, against glutamate‐induced cell injury in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells was evaluated for the first time. The results showed that the pretreatment of puerarin could attenuate glutamate‐induced cell injury in a dose‐dependent manner. This protective effect was mediated through inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, attenuating the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl‐2, preserving mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), preventing cytochrome c release, and reducing caspase activity. These findings may significantly contribute to a better understanding of the neuroprotective effect of puerarin and provide new insights into its application toward neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Role of cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis is unmasked by altering tissue preparation methods
Authors: Nasiri Mojdeh , Janoudi Abed , Vanderberg Abigail , Frame Melinda , Flegler Carol , Flegler Stanley , Abela George S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTStandard tissue preparation for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) uses ethanol as a dehydrating agent but that can also dissolve cholesterol crystals (CC) leaving behind empty tissue imprints or “clefts”. Cholesterol crystals may contribute to plaque rupture by their sharp tips that can tear membranes and trigger inflammation. Therefore, use of ethanol in tissue processing can mask the pathological role of CC. Here we evaluated the amount of cholesterol dissolved from CC with single and complete series of standard graded ethanol concentrations (25−100%) used in tissue preparation. Also, solubility of CC in ethanol at physiological levels was measured. Furthermore, we compared the effect of ethanol on CC in fresh human atherosclerotic plaques to matched segments dehydrated using vacuum (−1 atm, 12h). Tissue crystal density ranging from 0 to +3 was measured semi‐quantitatively by SEM. For CC exposed to 25% and 100% ethanol for 10 min each, 0.38% and 95% of CC were dissolved respectively. Also, increase in CC solubility was significant at physiological levels of ethanol (0.16%) compared to water (43.4 ± 18.0 ng/mL vs. 30.9 ± 13.9 ng/mL; p < 0.05). We speculate that this could represent a potential mechanism of cardio‐protective effects of alcohol consumption. In atherosclerotic plaques, CC density was lower in ethanol vs. saline treatment (+1.2 vs. +2.8; P < 0.01) with visible dissolving noted by SEM. Ethanol has been used for centuries in tissue preparation for microscopy. Here we demonstrate how current tissue preparation methods greatly alter histological findings with SEM by masking the potential mechanism of plaque rupture. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:969–974, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partitioning a Graph into Highly Connected Subgraphs
Authors: Borozan Valentin , Ferrara Michael , Fujita Shinya , Furuya Michitaka , Manoussakis Yannis , N Narayanan , Stolee Derrick 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGiven , a k‐proper partition of a graph G is a partition of such that each part P of induces a k‐connected subgraph of G. We prove that if G is a graph of order n such that , then G has a 2‐proper partition with at most parts. The bounds on the number of parts and the minimum degree are both best possible. We then prove that if G is a graph of order n with minimum degree
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt21904:jgt21904-math-0007where , then G has a k‐proper partition into at most parts. This improves a result of Ferrara et al. ( Discrete Math 313 (2013), 760–764), and both the degree condition and the number of parts is best possible up to the constant c.