bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Depolymerization‐Based Plasticization Affects the Process of Cold Crystallization in Poly(P‐Dioxanone)
Authors: Svoboda Roman , Machotová Jana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe self‐plasticization, i.e., the increase in the polymer chains' mobility by including its monomer, has a major impact on a polymer's structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical and Raman microscopies, thermo‐mechanical analysis (TMA), size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multi‐angle light scattering detector (SEC‐MALS), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) are used to investigate the effect of thermally induced self‐plasticization of poly‐(p‐dioxanone), PDX, on the crystal growths from the amorphous and molten states. Significant changes in the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PDX are found only for samples self‐plasticized at the depolymerization temperature (Td) above 150 °C. The intense self‐plasticization leads to the decrease of the crystallization temperature, increase of the crystal growth rapidity, disappearance of the distinct α→α’ polymorphic transition, reduction of the overall melting temperature, and segregation of the redundant monomer. Although the morphology of the crystalline phase has a major impact on the mechanical properties of PDX, the self‐plasticization itself does not seem to result in any major changes in the magnitude, localization, or morphology of formed crystallites (these are primarily driven by the temperature of crystal growth). The manifestation of the variable activation energy concept is discussed for the present crystallization data.
Age, growth, and mortality of Blackfin Tuna in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gutierrez E. M. , Lang E. T. , Lovell M. S. , Lang J. , Falterman B. J. , Midway S. R. , Dance M. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
An otolith-based aging approach was used to evaluate age and growth relationships, sexual dimorphism in growth, and derive mortality estimates for Blackfin Tuna Thunnus atlanticus in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).

Methods
Blackfin Tuna (n = 395) were sampled from recreational fisheries and aged from 0 to 13 years, representing an increase over previous estimates of longevity for the species.

Result
Rapid growth was exhibited during the first two years of life, and the Richards growth function provided a better fit (L∞ = 907 mm, k = 0.112 /year, a = 1.05, b = 0.25) to the data compared with the von Bertalanffy growth model (L∞ = 824 mm, k = 0.365/year, t0 = −0.96). Sexual dimorphism in growth was observed, with males (907 mm) reaching a larger L∞ than females (857 mm), and otolith mass was a strong predictor of age in both sexes. Estimated instantaneous total (Z = 0.532/year) and natural (M = 0.467 year) mortality rates for Blackfin Tuna in the GOM were low relative to previous estimates in the southwestern Atlantic, where fishing mortality (F) is likely much higher.

Conclusion
Results represent critical baseline estimates of size-at-age, longevity, and natural mortality for Blackfin Tuna at relatively low levels of exploitation that can be used to inform future assessments.
The Extracts from Two Antarctic Fish Species, Trematomus newnesi and Trematomus bernacchii, Enhance JEG‐3 Cell Migration and Invasion via MMP9 Activation Through Akt/Protein Phosphatase1/β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Khaliq Sana Abdul , Kim Jaewon , Kim Il‐Chan , Kim Jin‐Hyoung , Yoon Mee‐Sup 
Published: June 2024

ScopeThis study investigates the impact of extracts derived from Antarctic fish species, Trematomus newnesi and Trematomus bernacchii, on the migration of human placental trophoblast JEG‐3 cells, which is a crucial aspect of successful pregnancy.Methods and resultsThe extracts, obtained from the muscles of these fish, significantly enhance the migration and invasion of JEG‐3 cells in in vitro wound healing, Transwell, and collagen invasion assays. These effects are accompanied by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 activity, as demonstrated by zymography. Furthermore, the extracts activated Akt and protein phosphatase 1, resulting in the dephosphorylation of β‐catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41, as confirmed by western blot analysis. Consequently, MMP9 is upregulated, while metallopeptidase inhibitor 1/3 is downregulated, as verified by western blot and qRT‐PCR analyses. Finally, utilizing ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) analysis, followed by matching with the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking library, the study annotates the compound responsible for the observed migratory activity as taurocholic acid. Importantly, the study confirms that taurocholic acid enhances cell migration in JEG‐3 cells.ConclusionThe results of this study emphasize the potential of Antarctic fish extracts in promoting extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion, which are critical for successful pregnancy.
Clinical homologous recombination repair gene reversion analysis identifies mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and platinum‐chemotherapy
Authors: Jia Yan , Yang Qiong , Ma Yutong , Wu Miaofang , Ou Qiuxiang , Lin Zhongqiu , Wu Yunyu , Li Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdentifying mechanisms underlying cancer resistance to therapy is vital for advancing treatment strategies. Pathogenic mutations of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes are known biomarkers for platinum (Pt)‐based chemotherapy and poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) effectiveness. Yet, the dynamics of HRR reversion mutations, which may herald therapy resistance, are not fully elucidated. Addressing this gap, our study analyzed secondary HRR gene mutations in a comprehensive pan‐cancer data set of approximately 13,000 patients who underwent targeted next‐generation sequencing. We identified a subset of patients harboring secondary mutations, which were further categorized into three tiers based on their nature, and occur in the presence of a primary pathogenic mutation, notably in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D genes. Here we show that secondary BRCA2 mutations, indicative of adaptive resistance, emerge post‐Pt/Olaparib treatment. This challenges the prevailing notion that pathogenic HRR mutations uniformly predict therapeutic sensitivity, highlighting a nuanced genetic interplay that impacts treatment success. This investigation enriches our understanding of cancer's adaptive mechanisms against therapy, suggesting a pivotal shift towards more personalized, dynamic treatment strategies. It underscores the imperative of adapting to cancer's genetic evolution, aiming for a step ahead in the ongoing battle against this disease.
Brexpiprazole: A new option in treating agitation in Alzheimer's dementia—Insights from transgenic mouse models
Authors: Amada Naoki , Sato Shinji , Ishikawa Dai , Nakamura Mai , Suzuki Mikio , Futamura Takashi , Maeda Kenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBrexpiprazole is the first FDA‐approved treatment for agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Agitation in Alzheimer's dementia (AAD) occurs in high prevalence and is a great burden for patients and caregivers. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of brexpiprazole were demonstrated in the AAD clinical trials. To demonstrate the agitation‐ameliorating effect of brexpiprazole in animals, we evaluated brexpiprazole in two AAD mouse models.MethodsThe resident–intruder test was conducted in 5‐ to 6‐month‐old Tg2576 mice, given vehicle or brexpiprazole (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) orally 1 h before the test. Locomotor activity was measured in 6‐month‐old APPSL‐Tg mice given vehicle or brexpiprazole (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) orally the evening before the start of locomotor measurement for 3 days.ResultsIn the resident–intruder test, Tg2576 mice showed significantly higher attack number and shorter latency to first attack compared to non‐Tg mice. In the Tg mice, brexpiprazole treatment (0.03 mg/kg) significantly delayed the latency to first attack and showed a trend toward a decrease in attack number. APPSL‐Tg mice (≧6 months old) showed significantly higher locomotion during dark period Phase II (Zeitgeber time [ZT] 16–20) and Phase III (ZT20‐24) compared to non‐Tg mice, correlating with the clinical observations of late afternoon agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Brexpiprazole treatment (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) significantly decreased hyperlocomotion during the Phase III in APPSL‐Tg mice.ConclusionThe suppression of attack behavior and the reduction of nocturnal hyperlocomotion in these Tg mice may be indicative of the therapeutic effect of brexpiprazole on AAD, as demonstrated in the clinical trials.
REDUCE missed oral healthcare: The outcomes of and learnings from an implementation project in an acute geriatric unit
Authors: Murray Joanne , Hunter Sarah C. , Conroy Tiffany , Kitson Alison L. , Splawinski Zita , Block Heather , Lewis Adrienne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOral healthcare is one of the most missed aspects of fundamental care. Failure to provide reliable and effective daily oral healthcare for older patients can lead to hospital‐acquired pneumonias, longer hospital stays, increased health costs, and poor patient experience. The objective of this study was to codesign, implement, and evaluate an oral healthcare intervention for older adults in a geriatric unit. This mixed methods implementation project combined the hospital's quality improvement processes with the i‐PARIHS knowledge translation framework. Multilevel facilitation guided the development of multidisciplinary implementation strategies, which were co‐designed, tailored, and implemented at the ward and organizational level, targeting: awareness/engagement; clinical guideline development; building workforce capacity; access to appropriate products; patient awareness and support; utilization of multidisciplinary/dental referral pathways; and systematizing oral healthcare documentation. Gaps between evidence‐based and current oral healthcare practice were identified through audits of practice and interviews with patients. Interviews and surveys with staff evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the oral healthcare intervention and the success of implementation strategies. At the conclusion of the project, awareness, attitudes, and capacity of staff had increased, however, we could not demonstrate change in multidisciplinary oral healthcare practices or improvements for individual patients. Despite mixed success, the project informed discussions about including oral healthcare as a national healthcare standard for the acute care sector in Australia. Attempts to address oral healthcare may have started locally, but its impact was through policy change, which will empower health practitioners and managers to support practice change more widely.
Influence of ionic impurities on the dielectric properties of lignin
Authors: Khviyuzov Sergey S. , Volkov Aleksandr S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLignin is one of the most common biopolymers. The application of the electrophysical properties of the polymer is one of the directions of its use. The effect of impurities potassium bromide with an ionic crystal lattice on the electrophysical properties of lignin has been shown. The study of the frequency dependences of the specific electrical conductivity and the components of the complex dielectric permittivity in the frequency range from 6 × 10−2 to 6 × 107 rad s−1 was carried out. The nonadditivity of the electrophysical properties of the lignin‐potassium bromide system has been shown. It is established that the relaxation time of the π‐electrons of the aromatic rings of lignin depends on the content of potassium bromide in the mixture and varies from 1.6 × 10−7 (100% lignin) to 7.5 × 10−4 s (1% of KBr in mixture). The orientation of the positive charge of potassium atom of the KBr dipole atom to the π‐electrons of the benzene ring of lignin leads to change of high‐frequency relaxation time. This effect can be used in frequency filter to eliminate electronic polarization in the high‐frequency region. Thus, the polarization of ionic impurities has a significant effect on the dielectric properties of lignin in the region of medium and high frequencies of alternating electric field.
Analysis of cassine and spectaline in the Senna spectabilis ethanolic extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection
Authors: Barbosa Marilia Fontes , Pivatto Marcos , Cardoso Arnaldo Alves , da Silveira Petruci João Flávio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction2,6‐Disubstituted piperidin‐3‐ols are an important group of piperidine alkaloids found in species such as Senna spectabilis, whose main constituents include cassine and spectaline, compounds with relevant pharmacological activity. The analysis of these compounds is challenging due to the complexity of plant extracts and the absence of chromophores capable of absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation.ObjectiveThis paper presents a new analytical method to separate and quantify the non‐UV‐absorbing alkaloids present in ethanol extracts from S. spectabilis flowers using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect UV detection.MethodologyThe optimized CZE method employs a background electrolyte containing 60 mM histidine (His), 15 mM α‐cyclodextrin, 20% acetonitrile (ACN), and pH‐adjusted to 4.7 with acetic acid (AcOH).ResultsThe limit of detection (LOD) values was 10.2 and 13.9 mg L−1 for cassine and spectaline, respectively. For both analytes, the precision data were better than 2% of relative standard deviation (RSD) for migration times and peak areas. To evaluate the applicability of the developed method, ethanolic extracts from S. spectabilis flowers were prepared and analyzed.ConclusionsThereby, the method proved to be efficient and complementary to conventional techniques, offering a cost‐effective alternative in the quantification of the non‐UV‐absorbing piperidine alkaloids present in plant extracts.
Effects of childhood experiences of parental attitude, depressive rumination, and sleep disturbances on adulthood depressive symptoms
Authors: Akiyama Shinichi , Ono Miki , Ishii Yoshitaka , Kikkawa Masayuki , Ito Shunichiro , Honyashiki Mina , Tamada Yu , Takeuchi Hironori , Inoue Takeshi , Masuya Jiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimVarious factors are thought to be involved in the development of depression, but the mechanisms are not yet clear. Although several reports have demonstrated that parental attitude experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, and sleep disturbances each influence depressive symptoms, and the association between two of these four variables, to our knowledge, no reports to date have investigated the association among the four variables.MethodsA questionnaire survey was administered to 576 adults who agreed to participate in this study between April 2017 and April 2018. Questionnaires assessed parental attitudes experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. The associations among the four variables were tested by structural equation modeling.ResultsRegarding the direct effects, the parental attitude of “care” had a negative influence on depressive rumination and depressive symptoms, whereas “overprotection” had a positive influence on depressive rumination. Depressive rumination had a positive influence on sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, whereas sleep disturbances had a positive influence on depressive symptoms. Regarding indirect effects, depressive rumination mediated the association between parental attitudes and sleep disturbances or depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sleep disturbances mediated the association between depressive rumination and depressive symptoms. Care and overprotection showed opposite effects. The goodness of fit of this model was high.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that there were associations among the four variables. Clinical assessment and intervention of depressive rumination and sleep disturbances that are closely associated with previous parental attitudes may lead to an improvement of depressive symptoms.
Structure–Function Relationship and Stability of Latroeggtoxin‐VI: A Proteinaceous Toxin From the Eggs of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
Authors: Chen Si , Sun Minglu , Yin Panfeng , Wang Xianchun 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTLatroeggtoxin‐VI (LETX‐VI), a peptide toxin discovered from the eggs of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, was previously shown to promote the synthesis and release of dopamine in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, showing potential applications in the neurobiology and medicine. To further understand the structure and properties of LETX‐VI, the key residues were identified and their roles in the structure, function, and stability of LETX‐VI were analyzed in the present work. Based on the protein molecular docking, our previous work, and the relevant literature, the potential key residues of LETX‐VI were selected and identified by alanine‐scanning mutagenesis. The wild‐type LETX‐VI and its 13 mutants, including a double mutant, were prepared by gene cloning and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, followed by activity, structure, and stability determination. The results demonstrated that the activity of the mutants K25A, R35A, K40A/R41A, and L45A, particularly R35A, to promote dopamine release from PC12 cells was significantly decreased compared with that of the wild‐type LETX‐VI, indicating that these mutated residues are the key residues. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that the secondary structure of these mutants was not obviously different from that of wild‐type LETX‐VI, suggesting that mutation‐caused decrease in the activity of LETX‐VI is due to the changes in the binding site on the molecule surface, rather than the abnormal alternation of the molecular conformation of LETX‐VI. Acetonitrile (ACN) did not obviously influence the activity of LETX‐VI; however, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) treatment for 2 h significantly reduced its activity. Treatment with weakly acidic and basic buffers (pH ≥ 6.6) for 12 h was favorable for LETX‐VI and R35A to exert their activity. Higher temperatures (>37°C) decreased the activity of both wild‐type LETX‐VI and R35A. In conclusion, K25, R35, K40, R41, and L45 particularly R35 are the important functional site residues; during experiments, care should be taken to avoid the adverse influence of strong acid and high temperature on LETX‐VI. These observations have enhanced our understanding of the structure and properties of LETX‐VI and provided references for the subsequent modification of structure and function of LETX‐VI.
Forecasting habitat suitability and niche shifts of two global maize pests: Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Li Bing , Dopman Erik B. , Dong Yanling , Yang Zhaofu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOstrinia furnacalis (ACB) and Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB) are devastating pests of the agricultural crop maize worldwide. However, little is known about their potential distribution and niche shifts during their global invasion. Since long‐term selection to past climate variability has shaped their historical niche breadth, such niche shifts may provide an alternative basis for understanding their responses to present and future climate change. By integrating the niche unfilling, stability, and expansion situations into a single framework, our study quantifies the patterns of niche shift in the spatial distribution of these two pests during the different periods.RESULTSOur results show that the overall suitable habitats of ACB and ECB in the future decrease but highly and extremely suitable habitat will become more widespread, suggesting these two insects may occur more frequently in specific regions. Compared with Southeast Asia and Australia, the ACB niche in China exhibited expansion rather than unfilling. For ECB, initial niches have a tendency to be retained in Eurasia despite there also being potential for expansion in North America. The niche equivalency and similarity test results further indicate that niche shifts were common for both ACB and ECB in different survival regions during their colonization of new habitat and their suitable habitat changes during the paleoclimate were associated with climatic changes.CONCLUSIONSThese findings improve our understanding of the ecological characteristics of ACB and ECB worldwide, and will be useful in the development of prevention and control strategies for two insect pests worldwide. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in children with epilepsy: Implications for dose tailoring when switching from oral syrup to sustained‐release tablets
Authors: Wang Wei‐Jun , Li Yue , Hu Ya‐Hui , Wang Jie , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Fan Lin , Dai Hao‐Ran , Guo Hong‐Li , Ding Xuan‐Sheng , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSignificant pharmacokinetic (PK) differences exist between different forms of valproic acid (VPA), such as syrup and sustained‐release (SR) tablets. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for VPA in children with epilepsy and offer dose adjustment recommendation for switching dosage forms as needed. The study collected 1411 VPA steady‐state trough concentrations (Ctrough) from 617 children with epilepsy. Using NONMEM software, a PopPK model was developed, employing a stepwise approach to identify possible variables such as demographic information and concomitant medications. The final model underwent internal and external evaluation via graphical and statistical methods. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations were used to generate a dose tailoring strategy for typical patients weighting 20–50 kg. As a result, the PK characteristics of VPA were described using a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption. The absorption rate constant (ka) was set at 2.64 and 0.46 h−1 for syrup and SR tablets. Body weight and sex were identified as significant factors affecting VPA's pharmacokinetics. The final PopPK model demonstrated acceptable prediction performance and stability during internal and external evaluation. For children taking syrup, a daily dose of 25 mg/kg resulted in the highest probability of achieving the desired target Ctrough, while a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was appropriate for those taking SR tablets. In conclusion, we established a PopPK model for VPA in children with epilepsy to tailor VPA dosage when switching between syrup and SR tablets, aiming to improve plasma VPA concentrations fluctuations.