bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic study of transthyretin association (wild‐type and senile forms) with heparan sulfate proteoglycan: pH effect and implication of the reactive histidine residue
Authors: Geneste Ambre , André Claire , Magy‐Bertrand Nadine , Lethier Lydie , Tijani Gharbi , Guillaume Yves Claude 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe tetramer destabilization of transthyretin into monomers and its fibrillation are phenomena leading to amyloid deposition. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) has been found in all amyloid deposits. A chromatographic approach was developed to compare binding parameters between wild‐type transthyretin (wtTTR) and an amyloidogenic transthyretin (sTTR). Results showed a greater affinity of sTTR for HSPG at pH 7.4 compared with wtTTR owing to the monomeric form of sTTR. Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters showed that van der Waals interactions were involved at the complex interface for both transthyretin forms. For sTTR, results from the plot representing the number of protons exchanged vs pH showed that the binding mechanism was pH‐dependent with a critical value at a pH 6.5. This observation was due to the protonation of a histidine residue as an imidazolium cation, which was not accessible when TTR was in its tetrameric structure. At pH >6.5, dehydration at the binding interface and several contacts between nonpolar groups of sTTR and HSPG were also coupled to binding for an optimal hydrogen‐bond network. At pH <6.5, the protonation of the His residue from sTTR monomer when pH decreased broke the hydrogen‐bond network, leading to its destabilization and thus producing slight conformational changes in the sTTR monomer structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catecholamine inputs to expiratory laryngeal motoneurons in rats
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Jing , Sun Qi‐Jian , Guo Rui‐Chen , Pilowsky Paul M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMany respiration‐related interneurons and motoneurons receive a catecholaminergic input, but the extent and distribution of this input to recurrent laryngeal motoneurons that innervate intrinsic muscles of the larynx are not clear. In the present study, we examined the catecholaminergic input to expiratory laryngeal motoneurons in the caudal nucleus ambiguus by combining intracellular labeling of single identified motoneurons, with immunohistochemistry to reveal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (catecholaminergic) terminal varicosities. Close appositions were found between the two structures, with 18 ± 5 close appositions per motoneuron (n = 7). Close appositions were more frequently observed on distal rather than proximal dendrites. Axosomatic appositions were not seen. In order to determine the source of this input, microinjections of cholera toxin B subunit (1%, 20 nl) were made into the caudal nucleus ambiguus. Retrogradely labeled neurons, located in the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarius and the area postrema, were tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive. Our results not only demonstrate details of the extent and distribution of potential catecholamine inputs to the expiratory laryngeal motoneuron, but further indicate that the inputs, at least in part, originate from the dorsomedial medulla, providing a potential anatomical basis for previously reported catecholaminergic effects on the laryngeal adductor reflex. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:381–390, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatotoxicity and liver injury induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Xue Yang , Sun Jiao 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAs hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) are increasingly used in biomedical and biotechnological fields, risk assessment of HA NPs has attracted extensive attention. Nevertheless, little is known about the potential adverse effects of HA NPs on normal hepatocytes and the liver. In the present study, we conducted an in vitro study in which 80‐nm HA NPs were incubated with normal Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells. By analyzing the changes in cell viability, apoptosis/necrosis and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, we investigated the cytotoxicity and potential mechanism of HA NPs in hepatocytes. Furthermore, we used the serum hematology and histopathology examinations to explore the in vivo effects of HA NPs on the structure and function of the liver. Our results showed that exposure to HA NPs at a concentration above 200 µg ml−1 decreased cell viability, increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, induced apoptosis and necrosis, and triggered the MAPK signaling pathway in BRL cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, our in vivo study indicated that HA NPs increased the white blood cell count (WBC) and the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum, caused inflammatory cell infiltration at the portal area in the liver, and induced hepatic oxidative stress with elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). These data demonstrate that at certain concentrations, 80‐nm HA NPs cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of Changes in Enzyme Activities of Erythrocyte Glucose 6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase and 6‐Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase in Rats Given Naringenin and Lead Acetate
Authors: Demirdag Ramazan , Comakli Veysel , Ozkaya Ahmet , Sahin Zafer , Dag Uzeyir , Yerlikaya Emrah , Kuzu Muslum 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn our study, controlled experimental groups were performed by giving substances Lead acetate, Naringenin and Naringenin + Lead acetate to rats in vivo conditions Changes in the glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) enzyme activities in erythrocytes of rats in these groups were compared to the Control group. An inhibition significant degree for G6PD enzyme activity was observed in all groups when compared to the Control group (p < 0.001). While inhibition significant degree for 6PGD enzyme activity was observed in Lead acetate groups (p < 0.001), no significant effect was observed in the Naringenin and Naringenin + Lead acetate groups (p > 0.05). In addition, lead levels in the groups of rats were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) device. As a result of measurements by the ICP‐MS device, lead levels were found as an average of 42.9 ± 2.51, 36.71 ± 1.13, 172.16 ± 9.63, and 95.07 ± 5.87 ppm in the Control, Naringenin, Lead acetate and Naringenin + Lead acetate groups, respectively. Our results were shown that Naringenin has protective effects on the Lead acetate induced oxidative stress erythrocytes in rat.
Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Composite Hydrogels—Versatile Materials for Microbial Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: kumar G. Gnana , Hashmi Saud , Karthikeyan Chandrasekaran , GhavamiNejad Amin , Vatankhah‐Varnoosfaderani Mohammad , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: September 2014

Carbonaceous nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared with an aid of a suspension polymerization method and are used as anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). (Poly N‐Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels filled with electrically conductive carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibit significantly higher MFC efficiencies than the unfilled hydrogel. The observed morphological images clearly show the homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) in the PNIPAM matrix. The complex formation of CNTs and GO with NIPAM is evidenced from the structural characterizations. The effectual MFC performances are influenced by combining the materials of interest (GO and CNTs) and are attributed to the high surface area, number of active sites, and improved electron‐transfer processes. The obtained higher MFC efficiencies associated with an excellent durability of the prepared hydrogels open up new possibilities for MFC anode applications.
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Resolution of Othello Syndrome After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in 3 Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Adam Robert J. , McLeod Robert , Ha Ainhi D. , Colebatch James G. , Menzies Graham , de Moore Gregory , Mahant Neil , Fung Victor S.C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPsychiatric symptoms are historically thought a relative contraindication to DBS for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, in the case of drug‐induced mental illness, DBS may provide an acceptable alternative for the treatment of motor symptoms. This allows reduction of pharmacological dopaminergic therapy that might otherwise cause negative psychiatric consequences. For example, DBS is increasingly used to ameliorate specific complications of PD treatment, such as impulse control disorders. We present a series of 3 cases of young male patients who developed Othello syndrome (OS) during treatment with dopamine agonists. In each case, the OS resolved with withdrawal of the offending drug. Subsequent treatment with bilateral STN DBS improved motor symptoms and allowed reduction in their dopaminergic drug regimen. We therefore propose that drug‐induced psychopathology may be an indication (rather than a contraindication) for DBS in selected cases.
Is Holm Zone III safe from fat necrosis in medial row perforator‐based deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps?
Authors: Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Lee Jeong‐Eon , Nam Seok‐Jin , Han Boo‐Kyung , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThis study investigated which zonal tissue would be more secure from the risk of fat necrosis between Holm zones II and III and examined the risk factors of fat necrosis in a clinical series of medial row perforator‐based deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps.Patients and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing unilateral breast reconstructions with medial row perforator DIEP flaps. Data regarding patients, operation‐related characteristics, and complications including fat necrosis were collected. Fat necrosis was mainly diagnosed by ultrasound examination, and its location was also assessed.ResultsA total of 103 cases were analyzed. Fat necrosis was diagnosed in 13.6% of patients and developed more frequently in zone III (7.8%) than in zone II (4.9%). In risk factor analysis, the inset rate, the weight ratio of the inset flap to harvested flap, was significantly associated with the development of fat necrosis. The flaps with inset rates more than 79% showed 16 times higher risk of fat necrosis than those below 79% in multivariate analysis. The incidence of fat necrosis in zone III was significantly increased in the high inset rate group when compared with the low inset rate group, whereas the incidence in zone II did not change.ConclusionsIn unilateral breast reconstruction using medial row perforator DIEP flaps, fat necrosis developed more frequently in zone III than in zone II, and this tendency was more prominent in high inset rate group. Not transferring excessive contralateral tissue including lateral zone III tissue might be helpful for reducing the risk of fat necrosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:272–278, 2015.
Glaciers and society: attributions, perceptions, and valuations
Authors: Gagné Karine , Rasmussen Mattias Borg , Orlove Ben 
Published: September 2014

As icons of a world set in motion by human action, glaciers are often highlighted as quintessential evidences of global climate change. Although there is a general agreement among scientists that glaciers around the world are receding, much of the discussions on the subject tend to be oriented toward technological methodologies. Yet, as elements of the landscape, glaciers are strongly integrated to various societies around the world in ways that exceed their role as provider of fundamental sources of water. The relation between glaciers and societies is therefore marked by processes of attribution, perception, and valuation by local and distant actors. As a consequence, as they recede, glaciers often become the loci of interactions between actors of various scales. But besides melting, glaciers also transform from being objects of local to national and global concern. This is particularly true when esthetic and economic values are assigned to glaciers. Real and perceived changes in the form, reach and out‐flow of water impact the local populations, and shape the kinds of action undertaken by communities, local actors, state authorities, and international organizations. The paper concludes by arguing that place‐based research is fundamental to discuss a global environmental phenomenon such as glacier recession.WIREs Clim Change2014, 5:793–808. doi: 10.1002/wcc.315This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and KnowledgeVulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and AnalogiesSocial Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
The Influence of a Single Transition Metal Atom on the Reactivity of Main Group Metal Clusters in the Gas Phase
Authors: Neumaier Marco , Schenk Christian , Schnöckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCollision induced dissociation experiments of the metalloid clusters [(CO)5CrGe9R3]– 2 and [(CO)3CrGe9R3]– 3 are presented, showing that 2 can lose Cr(CO)5 or CO to give [Ge9R3]– 1 or 3, respectively. Further dissociation from 3 leads first of all to the metalloid cluster [CrGe9R3]– 4, from which different elimination routes start. Thereby significant differences with respect to the chromium free cluster [Ge9R3]– 1 are observed, where beside C–H also Si–C and Si–Si bond dissociation at low threshold energy take place, showing that 4, with its additional chromium atom, is an ideal model system for a single atom catalyst.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of InFeO3(ZnO)4
Authors: Erichsen Svante Carl v. , Assenmacher Wilfried , Schnakenburg Gregor , Mader Werner 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInFeO3(ZnO)4 was prepared from binary oxides as starting materials at 1350 °C in sealed platinum tubes as an earth brown powder. Single crystals were grown from a K2MoO4 flux in sealed Pt‐tubes using cooling rates of –0.1 K min–1. The structure of InFeO3(ZnO)4 was refined in space group P63/mmc; No. 194 (a = 3.211(6) Å; c = 33.032(6) Å; Z = 2; R1 = 3.68 %) from XRD data and revealed a build‐up from alternate stacking of layers of edge‐sharing InO6 octahedra and 5 layers of corner‐sharing (Zn/Fe)O4 tetrahedra. Inversions of the (Zn/Fe)O4 tetrahedra occurs (i) at the InO6 octahedral layer and (ii) halfway in the wurtzite type region where the inversion boundary is built by cations in 4+1 trigonal bipyramidal coordination. The position of the cations in their oxygen surrounding is described by a factor t which quantifies the displacement of the cation from the center of a trigonal bipyramid towards one of the constituting tetrahedra. Refining the site occupation factors of the cations in the (Zn/Fe)O4 tetrahedra results in a clear and reasonable gradient for the distribution of iron. Refinement of the oxygen position reveals split positions for the oxygen atoms at the second inversion boundary in the center of the wurtzite type region which shows similarities to inversion domain boundaries at fivefold coordinated cations in the wurtzite type region of compounds of type ARO3(ZnO)m with m > 15. Thus, it is more likely to describe InFeO3(ZnO)4 as a closest‐packed structure of cations with oxygen filling the interstices.
Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates
Authors: Pisa L. W. , Amaral-Rogers V. , Belzunces L. P. , Bonmatin J. M. , Downs C. A. , Goulson D. , Kreutzweiser D. P. , Krupke C. , Liess M. , McField M. , Morrissey C. A. , Noome D. A. , Settele J. , Simon-Delso N. , Stark J. D. , Van der Sluijs J. P. , Van Dyck H. , Wiemers M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Reduction of benzimidazole resistance in established Haemonchus contortus populations in goats using a single infection with a benzimidazole-susceptible isolate
Authors: Chan-Pérez J.I. , Torres-Acosta J.F.J. , Rodríguez-Vivas R.I. , Villegas-Pérez S.L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn in vivo study in goats evaluated the effect of superimposing a single artificial infection with a benzimidazole (BZ)-susceptible Haemonchus contortus isolate upon established H. contortus populations of known BZ resistance by measuring the phenotypic BZ resistance of eggs collected from faeces before and after re-infection. Two H. contortus isolates, one benzimidazole resistant (BZR) and the other susceptible (BZS), were used to infect worm-free goats. Eight goats were initially infected with 2000 third-stage larvae (L3). In each case the inoculum contained a pre-determined proportion of the two isolates: 100% BZS (one goat), 75% BZS/25% BZR (two goats), 50% BZS/50% BZR (two goats), 25%BZS/75% BZR (two goats) and, finally, 100% BZR (one goat). The phenotypic BZ susceptibility of the H. contortus population formed in each goat after the first infection was determined on days 30 and 36 post-infection using an egg-hatch assay (EHA) that estimated the concentration of thiabendazole (TBZ) required for 95% inhibition of larval hatching (EC95) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). On day 49 post-infection, goats were re-infected with 2000 L3 of the BZS isolate alone. A second set of EHA bioassays was performed 28 days and 34 days after re-infection. The first infection protocol produced three populations classified as BZS (EC95 0.055–0.065 μg TBZ/ml) while four were categorized as BZR (EC95 0.122–0.344 μg TBZ/ml). The status of one other population could not be determined. After re-infection with BZS L3, the number of susceptible populations increased to six (EC95 0.043–0.074 μg TBZ/ml) while the remaining two were deemed resistant (EC95 0.114–119 μg TBZ/ml). Re-infection with BZS L3 thereby reduced the resistance status of most H. contortus populations.
Bioinformatics in otolaryngology research. Part one: concepts in DNA sequencing and gene expression analysis
Authors: Ow T J , Upadhyay K , Belbin T J , Prystowsky M B , Ostrer H , Smith R V 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground:Advances in high-throughput molecular biology, genomics and epigenetics, coupled with exponential increases in computing power and data storage, have led to a new era in biological research and information. Bioinformatics, the discipline devoted to storing, analysing and interpreting large volumes of biological data, has become a crucial component of modern biomedical research. Research in otolaryngology has evolved along with these advances.Objectives:This review highlights several modern high-throughput research methods, and focuses on the bioinformatics principles necessary to carry out such studies. Several examples from recent literature pertinent to otolaryngology are provided. The review is divided into two parts; this first part discusses the bioinformatics approaches applied in nucleotide sequencing and gene expression analysis.Conclusion:This paper demonstrates how high-throughput nucleotide sequencing and transcriptomics are changing biology and medicine, and describes how these changes are affecting otorhinolaryngology. Sound bioinformatics approaches are required to obtain useful information from the vast new sources of data.
The rebellion of Zhang Yuxian 張遇賢 (942–943)
Authors: Kurz Johannes L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper is about a rebellion in southern China in the first half of the tenth century and its depiction in historical sources from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries. At the core of this study is Zhang Yuxian, the rebel leader, and his allegiance to a spirit. The latter suggested moving from Guangdong, the territory of the Southern Han empire (917–971), and the original area of the rebellion, to Jiangxi, the territory of the Southern Tang empire (937–976). The approach of the paper is twofold: first, it examines the historical setting and context; and second, through a close reading of some of the major features of the sources, such as the labelling of Zhang as ayaozei, the adoption of red clothes by the rebels, and so forth, the essay makes evident the close relationship and dependency between successive historical texts.