bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tiotropium for Adults with Inadequately Controlled Persistent Asthma
Authors: Adams Katie S , Lowe Denise K 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To review the literature evaluating the efficacy and steroid-sparing effect of tiotropium for inadequately controlled persistent asthma in adults. DATA SOURCES Information was obtained through a search of MEDLINE/PubMed (1966-October 2012), using the terms asthma and tiotropium. A further review of reference citations was performed to identify other relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION English-language case reports and clinical trials were reviewed. Publications evaluating the efficacy and steroid-sparing effect of tiotropium in adults with inadequately controlled persistent asthma were included in the review. One case report and 5 clinical trials met our criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS The ultimate goal for asthma management is to maintain disease control by preventing acute exacerbations while avoiding adverse medication effects. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are part of all preferred maintenance regimens for persistent asthma. Unfortunately, persistent asthma remains inadequately controlled in some patients and concerns about serious adverse effects with long-term high-dose ICS treatment exist. Interest in the use of tiotropium to control asthma symptoms and reduce steroid requirements in inadequately controlled persistent asthma is emerging. Results of several trials indicate that tiotropium improves pulmonary function markers and reduces corticosteroid requirements. Moreover, the largest and longest published trial not only showed improvements in pulmonary function tests but also a reduction in corticosteroid use and an increase in the time to first exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Although tiotropium use in treatment of persistent asthma appears to be promising, more robust clinical trials are needed to assess whether improved pulmonary function tests as well as a decrease in asthma exacerbations and corticosteroid requirements translate into improvements in quality of life. Additionally, the optimal patient population, long-term efficacy, and safety of tiotropium when delivered by various methods need to be determined before it can be recommended over current alternative asthma therapies.
Illness appraisals and health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with allergies and asthma
Authors: Hullmann Stephanie E. , Eddington Angelica R. , Molzon Elizabeth S. , Mullins Larry L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The current study sought to: 1) assess differences in levels of physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL), illness uncertainty, and intrusiveness in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with allergies and asthma, as well as 2) examine the effect of illness appraisals on HRQOL. Participants were undergraduate students with self-reported allergies (n=74) and asthma (n=74) who completed the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), the Illness Intrusiveness Scale (IIS), and the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire. Paired t-tests indicated that AYAs with allergies reported higher levels of illness uncertainty and poorer mental HRQOL than AYAs with asthma; the groups did not differ on reported levels of illness intrusiveness or physical HRQOL. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between illness appraisals and HRQOL. Results revealed that poorer mental HRQOL was associated with higher illness uncertainty in AYAs with allergies and higher illness intrusiveness in AYAs with asthma. Poorer physical HRQOL was associated with higher illness uncertainty in AYAs with asthma and higher illness intrusiveness in AYAs with allergies and asthma. The current examination suggests that illness appraisals may be differentially related to HRQOL in AYAs with allergies compared to those with asthma.
Healthcare utilization and barriers for youth post-detention
Authors: Golzari Mana , Kuo Anda 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Aim: Adolescents in the juvenile justice system are particularly susceptible to high rates of co-occurring health-risk behaviors, while at the same time lacking access to the healthcare system.
Methods: A verbal questionnaire was administered from December 2009 to June 2010 to youth between the ages of 13–17 years old, who had previously been detained in an urban juvenile detention facility in California.
Results: A total of 50 participants were enrolled in the study (40% female, 60% male, 16 years mean age, 80% Black, 18% Latino, 2% White). The mean time post-detention was 15 months, and the mean time in detention was 4 months. Our study provides evidence that adolescents exiting juvenile detention in the United States are interested in gaining access to healthcare providers but perceive lack of insurance and transportation as barriers to care. These barriers need to be addressed in order to facilitate access to healthcare services for this underserved and at-risk population of youth.
Translation of children’s cycling into steps: the share of cycling in 10-year-olds’ physical activity
Authors: Raustorp Anders , Boldemann Cecilia , Mårtensson Fredrika , Sternudd Catarina , Johansson Maria 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Active travel has a potential to increase children’s physical activity (PA). Pedometers offer a valid option to measure PA, but do not capture cycling activity. Children’s self-reported cycling distances can be analyzed by the Geografic Information System (GIS).Aim:To combine pedometry and GIS mapping to identify the relative amount of cycling in children’s PA.Study group:Of all children in 4th grade (n=187) in Staffanstorp Sweden, 144 had valid pedometer data. Fifty-six children were non-cyclists while 88 children (32 boys, 47 girls, 9 gender unknown) reported at least one cycle journey.Methods:Cycle trips were entered into GIS and calculated to total cycling distance. Average length of the single distances cycled per day was 676 m (SD=534 m). A previously reported cycling speed (13.5 km/h) was used to calculate time spent cycling. Consequently distance=676 m, speed=13.5 km/h=13,500 m/3600 s=3.75 m/s and time=676m/3.75m/s=180.26 s=3 min. Expenditure of 4 and 5 metabolic equivalents (METs) has in children been reported equivalent to 122 and 127 steps/min, respectively. We estimated 4.7 METs (13.5 km/h) as 126 steps for every min of cycling (127–122=5×0.7=125.5).Results:The daily mean cycle distance was 676 m, on average 379 additional steps/day for cycling children (min. 21, max. 1385, SD=299) with no gender difference. Additional “steps” obtained by cycling corresponded to on average 3% of their PA.Conclusion:The relative contribution of cycling in 10-year-old children’s PA level is quite small and stable between children across different levels of activity levels, regardless of gender.
Outcome of isolated fetal renal pyelectasis diagnosed during midtrimester screening ultrasound and cut-off value to predict a persistent or progressive pyelectasis in utero
Authors: Kim Moon-Kyung , Kim Min-Ji , An Jung-Joo , Cha Hyun-Hwa , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-Young , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Jong-Hwa 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Aim: To define a better cut-off value of the renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter (RPAPD) to predict persistent or progressive pyelectasis during pregnancy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 8873 women whose fetal RPAPD was measured. Midtrimester pyelectasis was defined as a RPAPD of ≥4 mm. Persistent/progressive pyelectasis was defined as a RPAPD of ≥10 mm before delivery. A RPAPD cut-off value to predict a persistent/progressive pyelectasis was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results: Among 249 isolated cases of pyelectasis, persistent/progressive pyelectasis was found in 6.9% before delivery. The midtrimester RPAPD cut-off value that best predicted persistent/progressive pyelectasis before delivery was ≥6 mm with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 64.3%, 88.7%, 30.0%, and 97.1%, respectively.

Conclusions: Although most cases of midtrimester fetal pyelectasis regress to normal during pregnancy, those with a RPAPD of ≥6 mm in the midtrimester are at higher risk for persistent or progressive pyelectasis.
Late Moscovian fusulinids from the “N” Formation (Donets Basin, Ukraine)
Authors: Khodjanyazova Rimma R. , Davydov Vladimir I. 
Published: January 2013

A fusulinoidean taxonomic study of the Gurkovo and Kalinovo sections allows us to refine the biostratigraphy of the poorly studied Myachkovian (upper Moscovian) strata of the “N” Formation in the Donets Basin. Three fusulinid biozones,Hemifusulina graciosa–Fusiella spatiosa,Fusulina cylindrica–Fusulinella pseudobocki, andFusulinella?kumpani, are proposed in the interval from the top of Limestone M10to the base of N3, and they are correlated with coeval strata in the historical type area of the Moscow Basin. A total of 33 fusulinid species and subspecies belonging to eight genera are described, including three new species:Hemifusulina gurkovensisn. sp.,Beedeina innaeformisn. sp., andFusulina sosninaen. sp. The main evolutionary trend in fusulinoidean morphology in the late Moscovian is the appearance of massive secondary deposits in the limestone of the “N” Formation.Specific temporal and distributional patterns of the Middle Pennsylvanian fusulinoidean assemblages indicate variations in sea level stand. Variations are cyclic, with periods ∼600,000–1,000,000 years. AHemifusulina-association indicates the beginning of transgression; the late transgression–high sea level stand is designated by theBeedeina–Neostaffella–Ozawainella–Taitzehoellaassemblage which is successively replaced by the most diverseFusulinella-dominant association, which occupied a progressively shallowing sea.The similarity of fusulinoidean assemblages in the Moscow and Donets Basins and their cognate evolution trends reveal a connection between both regions at least during Podolskian–Myachkovian time.
Is Interleukin‐17 Involved in the Interaction Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gingival Inflammation?
Authors: Özçaka Özgün , Buduneli Nurcan , Ceyhan Banu Ozturk , Akcali Aliye , Hannah Victoria , Nile Christopher , Lappin David F. 
Published: January 2013

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder of females of reproductive age that impacts their oral and systemic health. The aim of this study is to evaluate interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A), IL‐17F, IL‐17A/F, and IL‐17E (IL‐25) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of non‐obese females with PCOS and with either a clinically healthy periodontium or gingivitis.Methods: Thirty‐one females with PCOS, 30 females with PCOS and gingivitis, and 12 systemically and periodontally healthy females participated in the study. Clinical periodontal measurements, body mass index, and Ferriman‐Gallwey score (FGS) (a measure of hirsutism in females) were recorded. Circulating levels of sex hormones, cortisol, and insulin were also determined. Levels of IL‐17 cytokines were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The general linear model multivariate analysis, adjusting for age or plaque index, showed that the two groups with PCOS had higher concentrations of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, and IL‐17A/F in serum and higher levels of IL‐17A and IL‐17F in GCF and saliva but lower serum IL‐17E than systemically healthy females. Levels of IL‐17E were lowest in females with PCOS and gingivitis who also had the highest FGS. Serum IL‐17A and IL‐17F levels correlated positively with FGS and periodontal probing depth (all ρ >0.33; P <0.005). Serum IL‐17E showed the reverse relationship and also correlated negatively with IL‐17A (ρ >−0.28; P <0.05).Conclusions: IL‐17 levels are altered in non‐obese females with PCOS and may influence gingival inflammation. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between PCOS and gingivitis.
Cancer Incidence in a Cohort of Swedish Chimney Sweeps, 1958–2006
Authors: Hogstedt Christer , Jansson Catarina , Hugosson Marcus , Tinnerberg Håkan , Gustavsson Per 
Published: January 2013

Objectives. We examined cancer incidence in an expanded cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps. Methods. We added male chimney sweep trade union members (1981–2006) to an earlier cohort (employed 1918–1980) and linked them to nationwide registers of cancer, causes of deaths, and total population. The total cohort (n = 6320) was followed from 1958 through 2006. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using the male Swedish population as reference. We estimated exposure as years of employment and analyzed for exposure–response associations by Poisson regression. Results. A total of 813 primary cancers were observed versus 626 expected (SIR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.21, 1.39). As in a previous follow-up, SIRs were significantly increased for cancer of the esophagus, liver, lung, bladder, and all hematopoietic cancer. New findings included significantly elevated SIRs for cancer of the colon, pleura, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and at unspecified sites. Total cancer and bladder cancer demonstrated positive exposure–response associations. Conclusions. Exposure to soot and asbestos are likely causes of the observed cancer excesses, with contributions from adverse lifestyle factors. Preventive actions to control work exposures and promote healthier lifestyles are an important priority.
Public Support for Mandated Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes
Authors: Pearson Jennifer L. , Abrams David B. , Niaura Raymond S. , Richardson Amanda , Vallone Donna M. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives. We assessed public support for a potential Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–mandated reduction in cigarette nicotine content. Methods. We used nationally representative data from a June 2010 cross-sectional survey of US adults (n = 2649) to obtain weighted point estimates and correlates of support for mandated nicotine reduction. We also assessed the potential role of political ideology in support of FDA regulation of nicotine. Results. Nearly 50% of the public supported mandated cigarette nicotine reduction, with another 28% having no strong opinion concerning this potential FDA regulation. Support for nicotine reduction was highest among Hispanics, African Americans, and those with less than a high school education. Among smokers, the odds of supporting FDA nicotine regulation were 2.77 times higher among smokers who intended to quit in the next 6 months than among those with no plans to quit. Conclusions. Mandating nicotine reduction in cigarettes to nonaddictive levels may reduce youth initiation and facilitate adult cessation. The reasons behind nicotine regulation need to be communicated to the public to preempt tobacco industry efforts to impede such a regulation.
Expanding the Physician’s Role in Addressing the Oral Health of Adults
Authors: Cohen Leonard A. 
Published: January 2013

Many disadvantaged adults visit physicians or hospital emergency departments to receive relief from dental pain. Physicians also see patients with general questions or concerns about their oral health. Unfortunately, because physicians generally have received little oral health training, patients often do not receive comprehensive emergency services or appropriate counseling.This situation has begun to change, as there has been a growing sentiment among the dental and medical communities that better integration and coordination between medicine and dentistry would be beneficial. Reports from the Institute of Medicine and professional associations and foundations reflect the need for better integration.I have outlined the rationale for and progress toward expanding the physician’s role in addressing the oral health of adults.
Gender-Stratified Models to Examine the Relationship Between Financial Hardship and Self-Reported Oral Health for Older US Men and Women
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Tucker-Seeley Reginald 
Published: January 2013

Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between financial hardship and self-reported oral health for older men and women.Methods. We focused on adults in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (n = 1359). The predictor variables were 4 financial hardship indicators. We used Poisson regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio of poor self-reported oral health.Results. In the non–gender-stratified model, number of financial hardships was not significantly associated with self-reported oral health. Food insecurity was associated with a 12% greater prevalence of poor self-reported oral health (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.21). In the gender-stratified models, women with 3 or more financial hardships had a 24% greater prevalence of poor self-reported oral health than women with zero (95% CI = 1.09, 1.40). Number of hardships was not associated with self-reported oral health for men. For men, skipping medications was associated with 50% lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health (95% CI = 0.32, 0.76).Conclusions. Number of financial hardships was differentially associated with self-reported oral health for older men and women. Most financial hardship indicators affected both genders similarly. Future interventions to improve vulnerable older adults’ oral health should account for gender-based heterogeneity in financial hardship experiences.
Growing Older With HIV/AIDS: New Public Health Challenges
Authors: Cahill Sean , Valadéz Robert 
Published: January 2013

At present, the health care infrastructure is ill-equipped to handle the unique treatment and care needs of HIV-positive older adults. The long-term effects of antiretroviral use are still being discovered and have been associated with a number of comorbidities. Stigma presents challenges for those in need of services and health care, and can significantly affect mental health and treatment adherence. The training of elder service providers and health care providers in meeting the needs of HIV-positive older adults, including gay and transgender people, is needed as the population ages. HIV-related and antigay stigma should be challenged by social marketing campaigns. Continued research and key policy changes could greatly improve health outcomes for HIV-positive elderly persons by increasing access to treatment and support.
General Strategy for Stability Testing and Phase-Split Calculation in Two and Three Phases
Authors: Li Zhidong , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Efficient and robust phase equilibrium computation has become a prerequisite for successful large-scale compositional reservoir simulation. When knowledge of the number of phases is not available, the ideal strategy for phase-split calculation is the use of stability testing. Stability testing not only establishes whether a given state is stable, but also provides good initial guess for phase-split calculation. In this research, we present a general strategy for two- and three-phase split calculations based on reliable stability testing. Our strategy includes the introduction of systematic initialization of stability testing particularly for liquid/liquid and vapor/liquid/liquid equilibria. Powerful features of the strategy are extensively tested by examples including calculation of complicated phase envelopes of hydrocarbon fluids mixed with CO2 in single-, two-, and three-phase regions.
Static and Dynamic Estimates of CO2-Storage Capacity in Two Saline Formations in the UK
Authors: Jin M.. , Pickup G.. , Mackay E.. , Todd A.. , Sohrabi M.. , Monaghan A.. , Naylor M.. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2)-storage capacity is a key step in the appraisal of CO2-storage sites. Different calculation methods may lead to widely diverging values. The compressibility method is a commonly used static method for estimating storage capacity of saline aquifers: It is simple, is easy to use, and requires a minimum of input data. Alternatively, a numerical reservoir simulation provides a dynamic method that includes Darcy flow calculations. More input data are required for dynamic simulation, and it is more computationally intensive, but it takes into account migration pathways and dissolution effects, so it is generally more accurate and more useful. For example, the CO2-migration plume may be used to identify appropriate monitoring techniques, and the analysis of the trapping mechanism for a certain site will help to optimize well location and the injection plan.
Two hypothetical saline-aquifer storage sites in the UK, one in Lincolnshire and the other in the Firth of Forth, were analyzed. The Lincolnshire site has a comparatively simple geology, while the Forth site has a more complex geology. For each site, both static- and dynamic-capacity calculations were performed. In the static method, CO2 was injected until the average pressure reached a critical value. In the migration-monitoring case, CO2 was injected for 15 years, and was followed by a closure period lasting thousands of years. The fraction of dissolved CO2 and the fraction immobilized by pore-scale trapping were calculated.
The results of both geological systems show that the migration of CO2 is strongly influenced by the local heterogeneity. The calculated storage efficiency for the Lincolnshire site varied between 0.34% and 0.65% of the total pore-volume, depending on whether the system boundaries were considered open or closed. Simulation of the deeper, more complex Forth geological system gave storage capacities as high as 1.05%.
This work was part of the CO2-Aquifer-Storage Site Evaluation and Monitoring (CASSEM) integrated study to derive methodologies for assessment of CO2 storage in saline formations. Although static estimates are useful for initial assessment when fewer data are available, we demonstrate the value of performing dynamic storage calculations and the opportunities to identify mechanisms for optimizing the storage capacity.