bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labordiagnostik bei systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Diller Magnus , Fleck Martin 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Bei systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen wie der rheumatoiden Arthritis, den Kollagenosen und den Vaskulitiden hat sich seit mehreren Jahren der Nachweis von Autoantikörpern im klinischen Alltag etabliert. Bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) gelingt allerdings nur bei 80% der Patienten ein Nachweis des Rheumafaktors (RF) oder anti-citrullinierter Protein/Peptid-Antikörper (ACPA). Als neue Biomarker für die RA gelten anti-CarP-Autoantikörper, die diese Lücke möglicherweise schließen könnten. Bei Kollagenosen erleichtert der Nachweis von ANA (Autonukleäre Antikörper) die Diagnosefindung wesentlich. Zu den ANAs zählen u.a. Anticentromer-AK, anti-Topoisomerase-I-[anti-Scl-70]-AK und anti-RNA-Polymerase-III-AK, die bei Patienten mit systemischer Sklerose nachgewiesen werden können und in den neuen Klassifikationskriterien berücksichtigt werden. Bei der Diagnose eines Antiphospholipidsyndroms spielt der Nachweis des Lupusantikoagulans und der aCL- bzw. anti-β2GPI-Antikörper der Isotypen IgG, IgM und IgA eine entscheidende Rolle. Antineutrophile-zytoplasmatische Antikörper (ANCA) sind wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik bei Vaskultiden kleiner Gefäße und der Nachweis wird zunächst mit einem Screening über Immunfluoreszenztests (IFT) und mit anschließenden Immunoassays zum Nachweis der spezifischen Antikörper gegen Proteinase-3 (PR3) und Myeloperoxidase (MPO) geführt. Durch neue Schnelltestverfahren für anti-GBM-AK, anti-PR3-AK und anti-MPO-AK kann eine frühzeitigere Diagnosestellung bei kritisch kranken Vaskulitispatienten ermöglicht werden. Auch bei der Polymyalgia rheumatica und bei Patienten mit Spondyloarthritiden wird die Identifikation von neuen Biomarkern beschrieben; deren Stellenwert muss allerdings noch in weiteren Studien evaluiert werden.
Structural VARs, deterministic and stochastic trends: how much detrending matters for shock identification
Authors: Wiriyawit Varang , Wong Benjamin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Detrending within structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) is directly linked to the shock identification. We investigate the consequences of trend misspecification in an SVAR using both standard real business cycle models and bi-variate SVARs as data generating processes. Our bias decomposition reveals biases arising directly from trend misspecification are not trivial when compared to other widely studied misspecifications. Misspecifying the trend also distorts impulse response functions of even the correctly detrended variable within the SVAR system. Pretesting for unit roots mitigates trend misspecification to some extent. We also find that while practitioners can specify high lag order VARs to mitigate trend misspecification, relying on common information criterion such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC) or Bayesian information criterion (BIC) may choose a lag order that is too low.
The Calculation of the Band Structure in 3D Phononic Crystal with Hexagonal Lattice
Authors: Aryadoust Mahrokh , Salehi H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this article, the propagation of acoustic waves in the phononic crystals (PCs) of three dimensions with the hexagonal (HEX) lattice is studied theoretically. The PCs are constituted of nickel (Ni) spheres embedded in epoxy. The calculations of the band structure and the density of states are performed using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method in the irreducible part of the Brillouin zone (BZ). In this study, we analyse the dependence of the band structures inside (the complete band gap width) on c/a and filling fraction in the irreducible part of the first BZ. Also, we have analysed the band structure of the ALHA and MLHKM planes. The results show that the maximum width of absolute elastic band gap (AEBG) (0.045) in the irreducible part of the BZ of HEX lattice is formed for c/a=6 and filling fraction equal to 0.01. In addition, the maximum of the first and second AEBG widths are 0.0884 and 0.0474, respectively, in the MLHKM plane, and the maximum of the first and second AEBG widths are 0.0851 and 0.0431, respectively, in the ALHA plane.
Association of sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone with mortality in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tint Aye N , Hoermann Rudolf , Wong Henry , Ekinci Elif I , MacIsaac Richard J , Jerums George , Zajac Jeffrey D , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveLow circulating testosterone levels have been associated with increased mortality in men. We hypothesized that the prognostic role of testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by its carrier protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study at a tertiary referral centre.MethodsIn total, 531 men with T2DM presenting to a diabetes clinic in 2004–2005 were followed prospectively until death, or July 31, 2014, and a survival analysis was performed. The main outcome measure was all cause mortality.ResultsOver a mean (s.d.) follow up of 7.6 years (2.6) 175 men (33%) died. In Cox proportional hazard models both higher SHBG (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.012 (95% CI 1.002–1.022),P=0.02) and lower calculated free testosterone (cFT) (HR 0.995 (95% CI 0.993–0.998),P=0.001) were risk factors for all cause mortality independently of age, BMI, presence of macro- and microvascular disease, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin, renal function, insulin use, C-reactive protein and homeostatic model of insulin resistance. By contrast, the inverse association of total testosterone (TT) with mortality weakened after these adjustments (P=0.11). SHBG remained associated with mortality (P<0.001) both if substituted for or added to TT in the multivariable model. In the fully adjusted model, an increase of SHBG by 17.3 nmol/l (1s.d.) increased mortality by 22% and a decrease in cFT by 81 pmol/l (1s.d.) increased mortality by 45%.ConclusionsThe association of SHBG with mortality in men with T2DM is novel. Whether SHBG acts via regulation of testosterone, has intrinsic biological roles, or is a marker of poor health requires further study.
Associating Multivariate Quantitative Phenotypes with Genetic Variants in Family Samples with a Novel Kernel Machine Regression Method
Authors: Yan Qi , Weeks Daniel E , Celedón Juan C , Tiwari Hemant K , Li Bingshan , Wang Xiaojing , Lin Wan-Yu , Lou Xiang-Yang , Gao Guimin , Chen Wei , Liu Nianjun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe recent development of sequencing technology allows identification of association between the whole spectrum of genetic variants and complex diseases. Over the past few years, a number of association tests for rare variants have been developed. Jointly testing for association between genetic variants and multiple correlated phenotypes may increase the power to detect causal genes in family-based studies, but familial correlation needs to be appropriately handled to avoid an inflated type I error rate. Here we propose a novel approach for multivariate family data using kernel machine regression (denoted as MF-KM) that is based on a linear mixed-model framework and can be applied to a large range of studies with different types of traits. In our simulation studies, the usual kernel machine test has inflated type I error rates when applied directly to familial data, while our proposed MF-KM method preserves the expected type I error rates. Moreover, the MF-KM method has increased power compared to methods that either analyze each phenotype separately while considering family structure or use only unrelated founders from the families. Finally, we illustrate our proposed methodology by analyzing whole-genome genotyping data from a lung function study.
Targeted Chromosomal Translocations and Essential Gene Knockout Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Xiangyang , Li Mu , Feng Xuezhu , Guang Shouhong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Many genes play essential roles in development and fertility; their disruption leads to growth arrest or sterility. Genetic balancers have been widely used to study essential genes in many organisms. However, it is technically challenging and laborious to generate and maintain the loss-of-function mutations of essential genes. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been successfully applied for gene editing and chromosome engineering. Here, we have developed a method to induce chromosomal translocations and produce genetic balancers using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and have applied this approach to edit essential genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. The co-injection of dual small guide RNA targeting genes on different chromosomes resulted in reciprocal translocation between nonhomologous chromosomes. These animals with chromosomal translocations were subsequently crossed with animals that contain normal sets of chromosomes. The F1 progeny were subjected to a second round of Cas9-mediated gene editing. Through this method, we successfully produced nematode strains with specified chromosomal translocations and generated a number of loss-of-function alleles of two essential genes (csr-1 and mes-6). Therefore, our method provides an easy and efficient approach to generate and maintain loss-of-function alleles of essential genes with detailed genetic background information.
Pengamanan Pemberian Kredit Bank Dengan Jaminan Hak Guna Bangunan
Authors: PS Bambang Catur 
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The Approval of Credit of Bank with the Guarantee of The Building Right. Bank has one of its functions as a credit provider that supports the sustainability of economy of the society. The loan given to the debitor will include the guarantee. One of the widely accepted guarantees is sertificate of the land, including sertificate of the Building Right. This study will explore to what extent this right is run and what are the obstacles and challenges of it will be discussed in this article. This article is based on doctrinal research in taking example the practice in BNI 46. Abstrak: Pengamanan Pemberian Kredit Bank Dengan Jaminan Hak Guna Bangunan. Bank memiliki salah satu fungsi sebagai penyedia kredit yang berguna bagi kelangsungan perekonomian masyarakat. Pinjaman yang diberikan kepada nasabah disertai dengan jaminan. Salah satu bentuk jaminan yang lazim diberikan adalah jaminan sertifikat hak atas tanah, yaitu Hak Guna Bangunan (HGB). Bagaimana praktek pengamanan ini dijalankan dan apa saja yang menjadi kendala dan tantangan akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan mengambil contoh praktek di BNI 46. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1468
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Dalam Pasar Modal
Authors: Dimyati Hilda Hilmiah 
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Legal Protection for Investors in the Capital Market. Supervision in the financial services industry capital markets experienced a change of control by Bapepam-LK be supervised by the Financial Services Authority. Institutionally, Bapepam-LK is responsible to the Minister of Finance, as Bapepam-LK is under the auspices of the Ministry of Finance, while the Financial Services Authority is responsible to Parliament or the public. Crucial aspect on which the formation of the FSA is not maximum protection of the interests of consumers of financial services. In accordance with the problems that occur as above, the authors feel the need to examine the legal protection in the capital market. This writing will also examine the parties are entitled to legal protection based on Law No. 8 of 1995 and the Capital Market Law No. 21 of 2011 on the Financial Services Authority. Abstrak: Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Dalam Pasar Modal. Pengawasan di bidang industri jasa keuangan pasar modal mengalami perubahan dari pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Bapepam-LK menjadi diawasi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Secara kelembagaan, Bapepam-LK bertanggung jawab kepada Menteri Keuangan, karena Bapepam-LK berada di bawah naungan Kementrian Keuangan, sedangkan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan bertanggung jawab kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat atau masyarakat. Aspek krusial yang menjadi dasar pembentukan OJK adalah tidak maksimalnya perlindungan kepentingan konsumen jasa keuangan. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang terjadi seperti diatas, maka penulis merasa perlu untuk meneliti tentang perlindungan hukum di pasar modal. Penulisan ini juga akan meneliti para pihak yang berhak atas perlindungan hukum berdasarkan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pasar Modal dan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 Tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1473
Treating EEG Seizures in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Srinivasakumar Preethi , Zempel John , Trivedi Shamik , Wallendorf Michael , Rao Rakesh , Smith Barbara , Inder Terrie , Mathur Amit M. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
The impact of treating electrographic seizures in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is unknown.

METHODS:
Neonates ≥36 weeks with moderate or severe HIE were randomly assigned to either treatment of electrographic seizures alone (ESG) or treatment of clinical seizures (CSG). Conventional EEG video was monitored in both groups for up to 96 hours. Cumulative electrographic seizure burden (SB) was calculated in seconds and converted to log units for analysis. MRI scans were scored for severity of brain injury. Infants underwent neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18 to 24 months. Statistical analyses were performed by using SAS 9.3 version (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).

RESULTS:
Thirty-five of 69 neonates (51%) who were randomly assigned and included in the study developed seizures (15 in ESG and 20 in CSG). Excluding infants with status epilepticus, median SB (interquartile range) in seconds in ESG (n = 10) was lower than in CSG (n = 16) (449 [113–2070] vs 2226 [760–7654]; P = .02). ESG had fewer seizures with shorter time to treatment (P = .04). Twenty-four of 30 (80%) surviving infants with seizures underwent neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18 to 24 months. Increasing SB in the combined cohort was significantly associated with higher brain injury scores (P &lt; .03) and lower performance scores across all 3 domains on BSID III (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
In neonates with HIE, EEG monitoring and treatment of electrographic seizures results in significant reduction in SB. SB is associated with more severe brain injury and significantly lower performance scores across all domains on BSID III.
Psychosocial Adjustment in School-age Girls With a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Patrick-Miller Linda , Schwartz Lisa , Egleston Brian , Sands Colleen Burke , Chung Wendy K. , Glendon Gord , McDonald Jasmine A. , Moore Cynthia , Rauch Paula , Tuchman Lisa , Andrulis Irene L. , Buys Saundra S. , Frost Caren J. , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Knight Julia A. , Terry Mary Beth , John Esther M. , Daly Mary B. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Understanding how young girls respond to growing up with breast cancer family histories is critical given expansion of genetic testing and breast cancer messaging. We examined the impact of breast cancer family history on psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors among &gt;800 girls in the multicenter LEGACY Girls Study.

METHODS:
Girls aged 6 to 13 years with a family history of breast cancer or familial BRCA1/2 mutation (BCFH+), peers without a family history (BCFH–), and their biological mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment (maternal report for 6- to 13-year-olds, self-report for 10- to 13-year-olds), breast cancer–specific distress, perceived risk of breast cancer, and health behaviors (10- to 13-year-olds).

RESULTS:
BCFH+ girls had better general psychosocial adjustment than BCFH– peers by maternal report. Psychosocial adjustment and health behaviors did not differ significantly by self-report among 10- to 13-year-old girls. BCFH+ girls reported higher breast cancer–specific distress (P = .001) and were more likely to report themselves at increased breast cancer risk than BCFH– peers (38.4% vs 13.7%, P &lt; .001), although many girls were unsure of their risk. In multivariable analyses, higher daughter anxiety was associated with higher maternal anxiety and poorer family communication. Higher daughter breast cancer–specific distress was associated with higher maternal breast cancer-specific distress.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although growing up in a family at risk for breast cancer does not negatively affect general psychosocial adjustment among preadolescent girls, those from breast cancer risk families experience greater breast cancer–specific distress. Interventions to address daughter and mother breast cancer concerns and responses to genetic or familial risk might improve psychosocial outcomes of teen daughters.
Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Children With Nonambulatory Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Edwards Priya , Sakzewski Leanne , Copeland Lisa , Gascoigne-Pees Laura , McLennan Kim , Thorley Megan , Kentish Megan , Ware Robert , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To determine safety of intramuscular botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections to reduce spasticity and improve care and comfort of nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS:
Nonambulatory children with CP were randomly allocated to receive either BoNT-A (n = 23) or sham procedure (n = 18) in Cycle 1. In Cycle 2, the BoNT-A group received a second episode of BoNT-A (n = 20) and sham group received their first episode of BoNT-A (n = 17). A pediatric rehabilitation specialist masked to group allocation graded each adverse event (AE) according to system, severity (mild, moderate, serious, sentinel) and causality (unlikely/unrelated; possible; probable/definite).

RESULTS:
There was no difference for all moderate/serious AEs between the BoNT-A and sham/control groups in either Cycle 1 (incident rate ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.43–4.00; P = .64) or Cycle 2 (incident rate ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.30–1.75; P = .47). In Cycle 2, 1 serious, 3 moderate (single-episode group), and 24 mild (single-episode group n = 10; 2 episode group n = 14) AEs were probably/definitely related to BoNT-A.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children receiving BoNT-A were at no greater risk of moderate/serious AEs compared with a sham control procedure. There was no increased risk of moderate/serious AEs between one and two episodes of BoNT-A.
The machine drawings of Hans Hammer in the context of the contemporary machine representations
Authors: Bereczki Zoltán 
Published: October 2015

The first known drawings of machines can be found in warfare-themed manuscripts. The oldest of them dates back to the 14th century, but their proliferation took place in the 15th century. During the century an almost standardized drawing style, vocabulary was developed, which also survived throughout the Renaissance.
Compared to the relatively high number of the survived warfare-related manuscripts that included drawings (their number is above 50), the representation of machines for civil usage is very rare throughout the century, even though the architectural drawings also proliferated during this century, and they also introduced a distinct representation style.
The survived portfolio of the Strasbourg master builder Hans Hammer lies at the intersection of this two disciplines: it includes both machine and architectural drawings in a large number. Given the occupation of the master, it can safely assumed that in contrast to those found in the majority of the contemporary machine drawings, his machines served civil purposes.
In this article the following questions are discussed: how do Hans Hammer’s machine drawings fit in the corpus of the contemporary machine drawings both by drawing style and function; and with which manuscripts can a direct connection be made?
Integrate, Network, and Don’t Underestimate the Power of Communication
Authors: Jamal Fayaz 
Published: October 2015

Pillars of the Industry
Contending with the oil and gas industry’s global and uncertain nature requires skill sets that span multiple professions, and a seamless integration between them. A passion to work with a diverse workforce attracts many of us to the oil and gas industry.
When I arrived in Canada as a refugee, my first job was working at a holiday resort where the workforce included people from all over the world and this experience is something I cherish. If there is one thing that I can attribute to where I am today, it is the individuals I worked with in my first job. These were some of the best coaches and mentors that shaped my life. It is fair to say that my affiliation to the oil and gas industry was more by accident than design.
As a professional in the oil and gas industry, a skill that is most dear to my heart is being part of an integrated team. As with life, one’s career is a journey and there is so much you can learn on the way. You need to keep an open mind throughout your career. The more complex the industry gets, the more the requirement for individuals who are good at integrating by forming strong long-lasting networks.
The Current Industry Landscape
We live in a world where oil production was predicted to reach its peak in the mid-2000s at just more than 80 million BOPD with demand expected to outstrip supply by 10 million BOPD in 2015. The reality is that world oil supply in the first quarter of 2015 was close to 96 million BOPD, with demand for oil at 94 million BOPD, according to data from the US Energy Information Administration. At the same time, oil prices have fallen more than 50% in the last year, and the world rotary rig count has dropped by close to 30%, according to recent data published by energyeconomist.com.
In Australia, “nation-building” mega liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects have been constructed over the last decade and the country has significant LNG production capacity. A recent publication from the Reserve Bank of Australia forecasts LNG nameplate capacity growing from 20 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) in 2010 to 85 MPTA by 2018, at a time when downward oil prices are putting enormous pressure on oil and gas producers. According to Australia’s Department of Industry and Science, 2014–2015 LNG export value of about USD 18 billion is projected to increase at an annual growth rate of 21%, with export value expected to reach USD 47 billion by 2019–2020. By 2050, oil and gas is projected to supply close to two-thirds of Australia’s energy consumption. This growth is phenomenal. Clearly, just relying on what has happened in the past is not always the best yardstick for the future. The more we are apt to change, the higher our chances of survival.