bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2-Induced Sahel Greening in Three CMIP5 Earth System Models
Authors: Bathiany Sebastian , Claussen Martin , Brovkin Victor 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe existence and productivity of vegetation is the basis for food and energy supply in the Sahel. Past changes in climate and vegetation abundance have raised the question whether the region could become greener in the future as a result of higher CO2 levels. By analyzing three Earth system models (ESMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) with dynamic vegetation, the authors demonstrate why an answer to this question remains elusive in contrast to more robust projections of vegetation cover in the extratropics. First, it depends on the location and the time scale whether vegetation expands or retreats. Until the end of the twenty-first century, the three models agree on a substantial greening in the central and eastern Sahel due to increased CO2 levels. This trend is reversed thereafter, and vegetation retreats in particular in the western Sahel because the beneficial effect of CO2 fertilization is short lived compared to climate change. Second, the vegetation cover changes are driven by different processes in different models (most importantly, precipitation change and CO2 fertilization). As these processes tend to oppose each other, the greening and browning trends are not a reliable result despite the apparent model agreement. The authors also find that the effect of vegetation dynamics on the surface energy balance crucially depends on the location. In contrast to the results of many previous studies, the Sahel appears as a hotspot where the physiological effects of CO2 can exert a cooling because vegetation structure and distribution overcompensate for the decreased stomatal conductance.
Endoscopic Staple Diverticulostomy for Zenker’s Diverticulum
Authors: Wilken Reason , Whited Chad , Scher Richard L. 
Published: July 2014

Objective: Surgical treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) has evolved over the previous 2 decades to a predominantly endoscopic approach. In this study, we review our experience with endoscopic staple-assisted diverticulostomy (ESD) for treatment of ZD from 2002 to 2011. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 359 primary and revision ESD procedures performed on 337 unique patients between September 2002 and December 2011. Data were tabulated for age, sex, size of diverticulum, time to symptom recurrence, complications, and relief of symptoms. Results: Of 337 attempted primary ESD procedures, 3.9% (N = 13) were aborted due to inadequate exposure. Of 324 patients who underwent primary ESD, 93.8% (N = 304) reported postoperative improvement of dysphagia symptoms. There was a 4.0% (N = 13) major complication rate. Patient-reported recurrence of symptoms occurred in 7.1% (N = 23) of primary ESD patients but was not significantly associated with diverticulum size ( P = .9765). Twenty-one patients underwent revision ESD, with 95% (N = 20) of patients reporting improvement and 4.8% (N = 1) developing recurrent symptoms. Conclusion: Primary and revision ESD were shown to have similar success at relieving the symptoms of ZD, with low procedure abandonment and perioperative complication rates. Further patient follow-up is needed to determine the durability of symptom improvement and ZD recurrence rate following ESD.
Risk factors for the second contralateral hip fracture in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Song , Zhu Yanbin , Chen Wei , Sun Tao , Cheng Jiaxiang , Zhang Yingze 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To achieve a quantitative and comprehensive conclusion concerning the risk factors for the second contralateral hip fracture in elderly patients with initial hip fractures. Data Sources: This search was applied to Medline, Embase, Cochrane central database (all up to April 2014). Methods: All the studies on bilateral hip fractures in elderly patients published in English were reviewed and qualities of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. All the data were carefully and independently abstracted by two reviewers, any disagreement was settled by discussion. Data was pooled and a meta-analysis completed. Results: A total of 13 case-control studies were identified for the meta-analysis. The significant risk factors were female (odds ratio (OR), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.64), living in institutions (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.33–4.85), osteoporosis (OR, 10.02; 95% CI, 5.41–18.57), low vision (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.06–4.12), dementia (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54–2.65), dizziness (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.42–5.87) cardiac diseases (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00–1.78) and respiration diseases (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.22–5.47). No significant difference was found in admission age between patients with the unilateral hip fracture and the first hip fracture of bilateral hip groups (standardized mean difference, 0.02, 95% CI, –0.30 to 0.35]. Conclusions: Patients involved with female, living in institutions, osteoporosis, low vision, dizziness, dementia, respiration diseases and cardiac diseases were at risk for a second contralateral hip fracture after the initial hip fracture.
Preoperative Biliary Decompression Preceding Pancreaticoduodenectomy With Plastic or Self-Expandable Metallic Stent
Authors: Haapamäki C. , Seppänen H. , Udd M. , Juuti A. , Halttunen J. , Kiviluoto T. , Sirén J. , Mustonen H. , Kylänpää L. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Aims: The rainage (PBD) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial. If PBD is required, large bore self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are thought to maintain better drainage and have fewer postoperative complications than plastic stents. The confirming evidence is scarce. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of surgery in patients who underwent PBD with SEMS or plastic stents deployed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 366 patients having had PD during 2000–2009. Preceding endoscopic PBD was performed in 191 patients and nine had had percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD). At the time of operation, 163 patients had a plastic stent and 28 had SEMS. Due to stent exchanges, 176 plastic stents and 29 SEMS were placed in all. Results and Conclusions: The stent failure rate was 7.4% for plastic stents and 3.4% for SEMS ( p = 0.697). A bilirubin level under 50 µmol/L was reached by 80% of the patients with plastic stents and by 61% of the patients with SEMS ( p = 0.058). A postoperative infection complication and/or a pancreatic fistula was found in 26% while using plastic stents and in 25% using SEMS ( p = 1.000). In unstented patients with biliary obstruction, the bile juice was sterile significantly more often than in endoscopically stented patients (100% vs 1%, p < 0.001). When the stented and unstented patients were compared regarding postoperative infection complications, there was no significant difference between the groups ( p = 0.365). Plastic stents did not differ from SEMS regarding the stent failure rate, bilirubin level decrease, amount of bacteria in the bile juice, or postoperative complications when used for PBD. The significantly higher price of SEMS suggests their use in selected cases only.
Extragestational βHCG Secretion Due to an Isolated Lung Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor: Microsatellite Genotyping of Tumoral Cells Confirmed Their Placental Origin and Oriented Specific Chemotherapy
Authors: Fénichel Patrick , Rouzier Cécile , Butori Catherine , Chevallier Patrick , Poullot Anne-Gaelle , Thyss Antoine , Mouroux Jérôme 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Context:
Persistent secretion of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG) in the absence of an ongoing or recent pregnancy and without persistent uterine gestational disease is a rare but challenging situation that requires locating the extrauterine secreting tumor and distinguishing between extragestational choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.

Case Presentation:
An unexplained, persistent extragestational βHCG secretion occurring in a 29-year-old, nonsmoking woman with abnormal uterine bleeding 4 years after a normal pregnancy and without persistent gestational disease led to the discovery by whole-body computed tomography/positron emission tomography of an isolated pulmonary tumor.

Objective:
Characterization of paternal alleles in tumoral cells in order to establish their fetal origin, which may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of such tumors.

Methods and Results:
After the surgical procedure, clinical, histological, and immunocytochemical analysis ruled out primary or metastatic bronchopulmonary carcinoma or choriocarcinoma and supported the diagnosis of an isolated, primary, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Microsatellite genotyping of tumoral cells identifying paternal alleles confirmed their placental origin and their migration to the lungs, with likely secondary malignant transformation, and guided the choice of postsurgical chemotherapy needed to completely eradicate βHCG secretion.

Conclusion:
Persistent extragestational secretion of βHCG in a young nonsmoking woman with a precedent pregnancy and an isolated lung tumor suggests the diagnosis of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, a very rare malignant tumor for which placental origin needs to be confirmed, especially when occurring several years after the patient's last pregnancy. Simple microsatellite genotyping of tumoral cells will allow this confirmation of diagnosis and help in personalizing chemotherapy.
Increased Plasma DPP4 Activity Is Predictive of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Onset in Chinese Over a Four-Year Period: Result From the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study
Authors: Zheng Tianpeng , Gao Yun , Baskota Attit , Chen Tao , Ran Xingwu , Tian Haoming 
Published: July 2014

Context:
The significance of associations between prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity in a Chinese population is not clear.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine whether DPP4 activity and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were predictive of the onset of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
This was a 4-year follow-up study conducted in Sichuan, China. A total of 474 Chinese women and men aged 18–70 years were studied.

Main Outcome Measures:
All subjects were divided into 3 groups (normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes) on the basis of their glucose metabolism status after 4 years. The DPP4 activity, active GLP-1, and glucagon were measured at baseline and 4 years later.

Results:
The baseline DPP4 activity was significantly higher in subjects who had progressed to prediabetes or type 2 diabetes compared with subjects who remained normoglycemic (P &lt; .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, baseline DPP4 activity and active GLP-1 were independent predictors of an increase in insulin resistance over a 4-year period (P &lt; .05). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that DPP4 activity independently predicted the risk of developing prediabetes [relative risk 2.77 (95% confidence interval 1.38–5.55), P &lt; .01] and type 2 diabetes [5.10 (95% confidence interval 1.48–17.61), P &lt; .05] after adjustment for confounding risk factors.

Conclusions:
DPP4 activity is an important predictor of the onset of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy Chinese individuals. This finding may have important implications for understanding the etiology of diabetes.
Elevated Peritoneal Expression and Estrogen Regulation of Nociceptive Ion Channels in Endometriosis
Authors: Greaves Erin , Grieve Kelsey , Horne Andrew W. , Saunders Philippa T. K. 
Published: July 2014

Context:
Ovarian suppression is a common treatment for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Its exact mechanism of action is poorly understood, although it is assumed to reflect reduced production/action of estrogens.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to measure the expression of mRNAs encoded by nociceptive genes in the peritoneum of women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with or without endometriosis and to investigate whether estrogens alter nociceptive gene expression in human sensory neurons.

Design:
The study was performed using human tissue analysis and cell culture.

Setting:
The study was conducted at a university research institute.

Patients:
Peritoneal biopsies were obtained from women with CPP and endometriosis (n = 12), CPP and no endometriosis (n = 10), and no pain or endometriosis (n = 5). Endometriosis lesions were obtained from women with endometriosis (n = 18).

Main Outcome Measures:
mRNAs encoding ion channels (P2RX3, SCN9A, SCN11A, TRPA1, TRPV1) and the neurotransmitter TAC1 were measured in human tissue samples and in human embryonic stem cell-derived sensory neurons treated with estrogens.

Results:
TRPV1, TRPA1, and SCN11A mRNAs were significantly higher in the peritoneum from women with endometriosis (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .01). TRPV1, SCN9A, and TAC1 were elevated in endometriosis lesions (P &lt; .05). P2RX3 mRNA was increased in the peritoneum of women with CPP, with and without endometriosis (P &lt; .05). Incubation of sensory neurons with 17β-estradiol increased TRPV1 mRNA (P &lt; .01). The estrogen receptor-β-selective agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionitrile increased concentrations of TRPV1, P2RX3, SCN9A, and TAC1 mRNAs.

Conclusions:
Estrogen-dependent expression of TRPV1 in sensory neurons may explain why ovarian suppression can reduce endometriosis-associated pain. Strategies directly targeting ion channels may offer an alternative option for the management of CPP.
Sustainability of Economic Development of the Urals Regions
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: July 2014

The new technique designed to assess sustainability of economic development
of regions is based on applying diagnostics of system sustainability failure.
Degree of sustainability is assessed by dispersion of economic growth rates.
Risks of instability in economic development dynamics is assessed by an index,
reflecting relative variations in economic growth rates. The author examines
economic development dynamics of Ural Federal District as a whole and also of
Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, based on data for the
period of 2000–2012. As is found out, the said regions differ in terms of periods
of sustainable and unstable development and degrees of economic growth
instability. It is also found, that Tyumen and Sverdlovsk regions are more stable
in term of economic development than Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions. As for
economic development of Ural Federal District as a whole, it is comparable in
terms of sustainability with that of the national economy. As correlation analysis
shows, indicators of unstable economic development affect substantially the
level of investments in regional economy. Economic growth instability has an
adverse effect on the level of investments in regional economy.
‘Le Zèbre’/‘Zebra’, a story by Mouloud Mammeri
Authors: Boudraa Nabil , García Kay (Kayla) S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
‘Zebra’ is a translation of ‘Le Zèbre’, a short story written by the Francophone Algerian writer Mouloud Mammeri. Even though it was written in 1957, this story is more relevant now than ever. It perfectly describes the plight of Algeria under French colonialism, and the suffering that has persisted even after independence. The violence of the ‘black decade’ of the 1990s and the Kabyle uprisings of the 2000s are evidence of a continuing crisis. The protagonist of ‘Zebra’ represents the quintessence of Maghrebian society torn between tradition and modernity, between past and present, between oral and written traditions, between religion and democracy. In his desperate search for authentic identity, the protagonist is rejected by the Egyptians, imprisoned by the French, accused of spying by the English, and abused by his own compatriots. Mammeri’s story helps us to make sense of the tumultuous history of this region as well as to better understand the roots of the devastating experience of marginalization, a condition that has plagued his native Berber culture for centuries.
‘Zebra’ est la traduction en anglais de la nouvelle ‘Le zèbre’, de l’écrivain algérien, Mouloud Mammeri. Même si cette histoire est écrite en 1957, elle est plus que jamais pertinente aujourd’hui. Elle décrit si bien le contexte d’une Algérie sous le colonialisme français mais qui souffre toujours de ses malheurs même après l’indépendance. La violence de la décennie noire des années 1990 ainsi que les révoltes en Kabylie des années 2000 témoignent justement de cette situation de crise. ‘Le Zèbre’ est la quintessence même de la société maghrébine, tiraillée entre la tradition et la modernité, entre le présent et le passé, entre l’écriture et l’oralité, et entre la religion et la démocratie. Le protagoniste de cette histoire, en recherche de sa vraie identité, se voit rejeté par les Egyptiens, emprisonné par les Français, soupçonné par les Anglais, et enfin maltraité par ses propres compatriotes. Cette nouvelle de Mouloud Mammeri nous permet ainsi de mieux comprendre les soubassements de ce phénomène de marginalisation qui ravage sa culture berbère depuis plusieurs siècles.
The withdrawal of touch in close encounter: The tactility of facial close-ups in Ingmar Bergman’s films
Authors: Wen Xianghui 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on the tactility of facial close-ups in Ingmar Bergman’s films through Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of touch. In contrast to the model of touch offered by phenomenological film scholars, which emphasizes the intimate and mutual contact between the viewer and the image, Nancy’s touch is a withdrawal or a degree of untouchability within contact, which can enable us to decode the ambiguity and tension within Bergman’s use of facial close-up more precisely. Both Nancy’s works and Bergman’s films follow a paradoxical logic in approaching the tactile dimension of aesthetic experience. By establishing a dialogue between them, this article explores how Bergman expresses the double effects of close-ups and creates the withdrawal of touch.
Influence of superstructure geometry on the mechanical behavior of zirconia implant abutments: a finite element analysis
Authors: Geringer Alexander , Diebels Stefan , Nothdurft Frank P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo predict the clinical performance of zirconia abutments, it is crucial to examine the mechanical behavior of different dental implant-abutment connection configurations. The international standard protocol for dynamic fatigue tests of dental implants (ISO 14801) allows comparing these configurations using standardized superstructure geometries. However, from a mechanical point of view, the geometry of clinical crowns causes modified boundary conditions. The purpose of this finite element (FE) study was to evaluate the influence of the superstructure geometry on the maximum stress values of zirconia abutments with a conical implant-abutment connection. Geometry models of the experimental setup described in ISO 14801 were generated using CAD software following the reconstruction of computerized tomography scans from all relevant components. These models served as a basis for an FE simulation. To reduce the numerical complexity of the FE model, the interaction between loading stamp and superstructure geometry was taken into account by defining the boundary conditions with regard to the frictional force. The results of the FE simulations performed on standardized superstructure geometry and anatomically shaped crowns showed a strong influence of the superstructure geometry and related surface orientations on the mechanical behavior of the underlying zirconia abutments. In conclusion, ISO testing of zirconia abutments should be accompanied by load-bearing capacity testing under simulated clinical conditions to predict clinical performance.
Binary and ternary complexation of NpO2
+ with carboxylate and aminocarboxylate ligands
Authors: Thakur Punam , Van Luik Abraham E.  
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The complex formation of NpO2
+ with carboxylates: oxalic
acid (Ox), malonic acid (Mal) succinic acid (Suc); glutaric acid
(Glu), methylmalonic acid (Memal), oxydiacetic acid (ODA), TDA
(thiodiacetic acid) and citric acid (Cit) and aminocarboxylates:
iminodiacetic acid (IDA), methyliminodiacetic acid
(MIDA),nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine
triacetic acid (HEDTA),ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and
diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was studied by solvent
extraction in 6.60 m NaClO4 at
25 ℃. The formation of only the 1:1
NpO2
+ complex was observed with the ligands under
investigation. The complexation of NpO2
+ with Ox, IDA,
ODA and TDA was also measured at variable temperatures ranging from
25–60 ℃ in 6.60 m
NaClO4. Results show that the complexation of
NpO2
+ with these ligands increases with increasing
temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation of
NpO2
+ were calculated from the temperature dependence of
the stability constants using the Van't Hoff equation. Additionally,
the formation of an aqueous ternary complex of the form
NpO2(X)(L) (X = EDTA or HEDTA; L = Ox
or ODA) was identified for NpO2
+ at
25 ℃. Stabilities of these complexes are measured
and discussed in term of their structures and basicities.
Imputing genotypes using regularized generalized linear regression models
Authors: Wong William W.L. , Griesman Josh , Feng Zeny Z. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
As genomic sequencing technologies continue to advance, researchers are furthering their understanding of the relationships between genetic variants and expressed traits. However, missing data can significantly limit the power of a genetic study. Here, the use of a regularized generalized linear model, denoted by GLMNET, is proposed to impute missing genotypes. The method aims to address certain limitations of earlier regression approaches in regards to genotype imputation, particularly the specification of the number of neighboring SNPs to be included for imputing the missing genotype. The performance of GLMNET-based method is compared to the conventional multinomial regression method and two phase-based methods: fastPHASE and BEAGLE. Two simulation scenarios are evaluated: a sparse-missing model, and a small-panel expansion model. The sparse-missing model simulates a scenario where SNPs were missing in a random fashion across the genome. In the small-panel expansion model, a set of individuals is only genotyped at a subset of the SNPs of the large panel. Each imputation method is tested in the context of two data-sets: Canadian Holstein cattle data and human HapMap CEU data. Results show that the proposed GLMNET method outperforms the other methods in the small panel expansion scenario and fastPHASE performs slightly better than the GLMNET method in the sparse-missing scenario.