bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving cold storage and processing traits in potato through targeted gene knockout
Authors: Clasen Benjamin M. , Stoddard Thomas J. , Luo Song , Demorest Zachary L. , Li Jin , Cedrone Frederic , Tibebu Redeat , Davison Shawn , Ray Erin E. , Daulhac Aurelie , Coffman Andrew , Yabandith Ann , Retterath Adam , Haun William , Baltes Nicholas J. , Mathis Luc , Voytas Daniel F. , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2015

SummaryCold storage of potato tubers is commonly used to reduce sprouting and extend postharvest shelf life. However, cold temperature stimulates the accumulation of reducing sugars in potato tubers. Upon high‐temperature processing, these reducing sugars react with free amino acids, resulting in brown, bitter‐tasting products and elevated levels of acrylamide—a potential carcinogen. To minimize the accumulation of reducing sugars, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to silence the vacuolar invertase gene (VInv), which encodes a protein that breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose. Because RNAi often results in incomplete gene silencing and requires the plant to be transgenic, here we used transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs) to knockout VInv within the commercial potato variety, Ranger Russet. We isolated 18 plants containing mutations in at least one VInv allele, and five of these plants had mutations in all VInv alleles. Tubers from full VInv‐knockout plants had undetectable levels of reducing sugars, and processed chips contained reduced levels of acrylamide and were lightly coloured. Furthermore, seven of the 18 modified plant lines appeared to contain no TALEN DNA insertions in the potato genome. These results provide a framework for using TALENs to quickly improve traits in commercially relevant autotetraploid potato lines.
Onset of photosynthesis in spring speeds up monoterpene synthesis and leads to emission bursts
Authors: Aalto J. , Porcar‐Castell A. , Atherton J. , Kolari P. , Pohja T. , Hari P. , Nikinmaa E. , PetÄJÄ T. , Bäck J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEmissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by boreal evergreen trees have strong seasonality, with low emission rates during photosynthetically inactive winter and increasing rates towards summer. Yet, the regulation of this seasonality remains unclear. We measured in situ monoterpene emissions from Scots pine shoots during several spring periods and analysed their dynamics in connection with the spring recovery of photosynthesis. We found high emission peaks caused by enhanced monoterpene synthesis consistently during every spring period (monoterpene emission bursts, MEB). The timing of the MEBs varied relatively little between the spring periods. The timing of the MEBs showed good agreement with the photosynthetic spring recovery, which was studied with simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 exchange and a simple, temperature history‐based proxy for state of photosynthetic acclimation, S. We conclude that the MEBs were related to the early stages of photosynthetic recovery, when the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon reactions is still low whereas the light harvesting machinery actively absorbs light energy. This suggests that the MEBs may serve a protective functional role for the foliage during this critical transitory state and that these high emission peaks may contribute to atmospheric chemistry in the boreal forest in springtime.
Sanfilippo syndrome: Overall review
Authors: Andrade Fernando , Aldámiz‐Echevarría Luis , Llarena Marta , Couce María Luz 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficiency in one of the four enzymes involved in the catabolism of glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and severe hyperactivity, with relatively mild somatic features. This review focuses on clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of MPS III, and provides information about supplementary tests and differential diagnosis. Given that few reviews of MPS III have been published, several studies were compiled to establish diagnostic recommendations. Quantitative urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis is strongly recommended, and measurement of disaccharides, heparin cofactor II–thrombin complex and gangliosides is also used. Enzyme activity of the different enzymes in blood serum, leukocytes or fibroblasts, and mutational analysis for SGSH, NAGLU, HGSNAT or GNS genes are required to confirm diagnosis and differentiate four subtypes of MPS III. Although there is no global consensus for treatment, enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy can provide appropriate results. In this regard, recent publications on treatment and follow‐up are discussed.
Feasibility of smartphone diaries and personal dosimeters to quantitatively study exposure to ultraviolet radiation in a small national sample
Authors: Køster Brian , Søndergaard Jens , Nielsen Jesper B. , Allen Martin , Bjerregaard Mette , Olsen Anja , Bentzen Joan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundIn 2007, a national skin cancer prevention campaign was launched to reduce the UV exposure of the Danish population. To improve campaign evaluation a questionnaire validation using UV‐dosimeters was initiated.AimTo show the feasibility of dosimeters for national representative studies and of smartphones as a data collection tool.Materials and MethodsParticipants were sent a dosimeter which they wore for 7 days, received a short diary questionnaire by text message each day and subsequently a longer questionnaire. Correlation between responses from questionnaire, smartphone diaries and dosimeters were examined.ResultsThis study shows a 99.5% return rate (n = 205) of the dosimeters by ordinary mail and high response‐rates for a smartphone questionnaire dairy. Correlation coefficients for outdoor‐time reported through smartphones and dosimeters as average by week 0.62 (0.39–0.77), P < 0.001 (n = 40). Correlation coefficient for outdoor time estimated by questionnaire and dosimeters were 0.42 (0.11–0.64), P = 0.008. The subjective perception of the weather was the only covariate significantly influencing questionnaire estimates of actual outdoor exposure. We showed that dosimeter studies are feasible in national settings and that smartphones are a useful tool for monitoring and collecting UV behavior data.ConclusionWe found diary data reported on a daily basis through smartphones more strongly associated with actual outdoor time than questionnaire data. Our results demonstrate tools and possible considerations for executing a UV behavior questionnaire validation.
Effect of Initial GnRH and Duration of Progesterone Insert Treatment on the Fertility of Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Colazo MG , Ambrose DJ 
Published: April 2015

ContentsThe study compared response to prostaglandin F2α (PG), synchrony of ovulation and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in a 5‐ vs a 7‐day Ovsynch + PRID protocol and investigated whether the initial GnRH affects P/AI in lactating dairy cows. Two hundred and seventy‐six cows (500 inseminations) were assigned to one of four timed‐AI (TAI) protocols: (i) PRID‐7G; 100 μg GnRH im, and a progesterone‐releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 7 days. At PRID removal, PG (500 μg of cloprostenol) was given im. Cows received the second GnRH treatment at 60 h after PRID removal and TAI 12 h later. (ii) PRID‐5G; as PRID‐7G except the duration of PRID, treatment was 5 days and PG was given twice (12 h apart). (iii) PRID‐7NoG; as PRID‐7G except the initial GnRH, treatment was omitted. (iv) PRID‐5NoG; as PRID‐7NoG except the duration of PRID, treatment was 5 days. Response to treatments and pregnancy status at 32 and 60 days after TAI was determined by ultrasonography. The percentage of cows ovulating before TAI was greatest in PRID‐7G (17.1%), and the percentage of cows that did not have luteal regression was greatest in PRID‐5G (9.5%). The overall P/AI at 32 and 60 days did not differ among TAI protocols. However, during resynchronization, cows subjected to the 5‐day protocols had greater (p < 0.05) P/AI (45.3% vs 33.6%) than cows subjected to the 7‐day protocols. Pregnancy loss between 32 and 60 days tended (p = 0.10) to be greater in cows that did not receive initial GnRH (14.8%) compared to those that received GnRH (8.2%). In conclusion, the PRID‐5G protocol resulted in fewer cows responding to PG, but P/AI did not differ among TAI protocols. A 5‐day protocol resulted in more P/AI in resynchronized cows, and cows that did not receive initial GnRH tended to experience more pregnancy losses.
Comparison of lacustrine successions and their palaeohydrological implications in two sub‐basins of the Triassic Cuyana rift, Argentina
Authors: Benavente Cecilia , Mancuso Adriana , Cabaleri Nora , Gierlowski‐Kordesch Elizabeth 
Published: April 2015

AbstractContinental carbonates are rich in palaeoclimatic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeontological information. While carbonate accumulation mechanisms have been described for many types of continental environments, especially in extensional basins, there are still uncertainties that existing facies models fail to address. The Triassic Cerro de las Cabras and Cerro Puntudo formations are alluvial–fluvial–lacustrine sequences that represent a part of the sedimentary infill of two sub‐basins of the Cuyana Basin during the early stages of the Triassic rift in west‐central Argentina. Previous work has provided absolute dates, confirming that these deposits are coeval (Anisian) allowing a comparative study of carbonate sedimentation in an extensional tectonic context. The description and origin of freshwater carbonate deposits and their surrounding siliciclastic sediments in specific areas of the Cuyana rift, gives insight into the major factors that control carbonate precipitation in all rift basins, including the characterization of the palaeohydrology and the importance of provenance. The Cerro de las Cabras Formation represents an ephemeral, playa‐lake depositional system with subaerial exposure and pedogenesis. Its aggradational succession corresponds to the evaporative facies association lake type, diagnostic of underfilled lake basins where persistently closed surface hydrology can lead to thick evaporites. However, this formation lacks thick evaporites and has microbialitic limestones, pointing to an open groundwater supply. The Cerro Puntudo Formation represents an alkaline playa‐lake system fed by groundwater and ephemeral surface‐water input. The unit is an aggradational–minor progradational succession, pointing to a fluctuating profundal facies association, suggesting a balanced‐filled lake type. These two synchronous, lacustrine depositional systems were influenced by tectonics and climate. Provenance and hydrology are key controls in carbonate accumulation in continental rift basins that must be included in future facies models for continental carbonates. Comparison with other rift basins suggests that application of lake‐type characterizations coupled with palaeohydrology and provenance patterns will aid in developing new sedimentation models for freshwater limestones in extensional settings.
A Recruitment Crisis in Agriculture? A Reply to Heike Fischer and Rob J.F. Burton's Understanding Farm Succession as Socially Constructed Endogenous Cycles
Authors: Chiswell Hannah Marie , Lobley Matt 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis short article responds to Fischer and Burton's article, ‘Understanding farm succession as socially constructed endogenous cycles’, featured in the last issue of Sociologia Ruralis. Broadly the article commends the concept of ‘socially constructed endogenous cycles’ as a way of conceptualising successor creation, but challenges some of Fischer and Burton's claims, with the aim of stimulating further discussion and research into intergenerational farm transfer. Drawing on a range of empirical research, the article explores the reality of the ‘recruitment crisis’ that Fischer and Burton suggest is occurring, and subsequently asks, is there an optimum level of familial succession? The article continues by exploring some of the other claims made by Fischer and Burton, including the impact of mechanisation on farm children's involvement in farm work, and challenges their suggestion that farmers are currently marginalised in society.
Diverging Paths? A Comparative Look at Childcare Policies in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: An Mi Young , Peng Ito 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article compares state policies to support childcare in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, using fuzzy set ideal type analysis to determine the nature of institutional arrangements with respect to labour, money and time provisions. We then note their implications for familialization and defamilialization in the three countries. Our analysis suggests a common pattern towards the increased use of financial support amongst the three countries over time; however, this commonality does not mean their childcare policies are converging, as the financial supports differ in focus, with Japan concentrating on familialization by valuing family care, and Korea exclusively employing policy to facilitate the use of market‐based care services. For its part, Taiwan has been strengthening familialization by increasing the leave compensation to value time off to provide care. The different labour, money and time dimensions vis‐à‐vis the familialization/defamilialization matrix suggest varying implications of institutional arrangements for gender.
Clinical management and humoral immune responses to rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis among three patients who received solid organs from a donor with rabies
Authors: Vora N.M. , Orciari L.A. , Niezgoda M. , Selvaggi G. , Stosor V. , Lyon G.M. , Wallace R.M. , Gabel J. , Stanek D.R. , Jenkins P. , Shiferaw M. , Yager P. , Jackson F. , Hanlon C.A. , Damon I. , Blanton J.D. , Recuenco S. , Franka R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe rabies virus causes a fatal encephalitis and can be transmitted through organ transplantation. In 2013, a man developed rabies 18 months after receiving a kidney from a donor with rabies, who was not known to have been infected when the organs were procured. Three additional persons who received organs from the same donor (liver, kidney, heart), all of whom were not vaccinated for rabies before transplantation, received rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with rabies immune globulin and 5 doses of rabies vaccine as soon as the diagnosis of rabies was made in the donor (18 months after their transplant surgeries). We describe their clinical management.MethodsAs the 3 recipients were all on immunosuppressive medications, post‐vaccination serologic testing was performed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to measure rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs). An acceptable antibody response to administration of rabies vaccine was defined as detection of RVNAs at a concentration ≥0.1 IU/mL from a serum specimen collected ≥7 days after the fifth vaccine dose.ResultsAll 3 recipients demonstrated an acceptable antibody response despite their immunosuppressed states. More than 36 months have passed since their transplant surgeries, and all 3 recipients have no evidence of rabies.ConclusionsThe survival of 3 previously unvaccinated recipients of solid organs from a donor with rabies is unexpected. Although the precise factors that led to their survival remain unclear, our data suggest that PEP can possibly enhance transplant safety in settings in which donors are retrospectively diagnosed with rabies.
Enzyme activities of Arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate kinases AtIPK2α and AtIPK2β are involved in pollen development, pollen tube guidance and embryogenesis
Authors: Zhan Huadong , Zhong Yujiao , Yang Zhongnan , Xia Huijun 
Published: April 2015

SummaryInositol polyphosphate kinase (IPK2) is a key component of inositol polyphosphate signaling. There are two highly homologous inositol polyphosphate kinases (AtIPK2α and AtIPK2β) in Arabidopsis. Previous studies that overexpressed or reduced the expression of AtIPK2α and AtIPK2β revealed their roles in auxiliary shoot branching, abiotic stress responses and root growth. Here, we report that AtIPK2α and AtIPK2β act redundantly during pollen development, pollen tube guidance and embryogenesis. Single knock‐out mutants of atipk2α and atipk2β were indistinguishable from the wild type, whereas the atipk2α atipk2β double mutant could not be obtained. Detailed genetic and cytological investigations showed that the mutation of AtIPK2α and AtIPK2β resulted in severely reduced transmission of male gametophyte as a result of abnormal pollen development and defective pollen tube guidance. In addition, the early embryo development of the atipk2α atipk2β double mutant was also aborted. Expressing either catalytically inactive or substrate specificity‐altered variants of AtIPK2β could not rescue the male gametophyte and embryogenesis defects of the atipk2α atipk2β double mutant, implying that the kinase activity of AtIPK2 is required for pollen development, pollen tube guidance and embryogenesis. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence for the requirement of inositol polyphosphate signaling in plant sexual reproduction.
Links between genome replication and chromatin landscapes
Authors: Sequeira‐Mendes Joana , Gutierrez Crisanto 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPost‐embryonic organogenesis in plants requires the continuous production of cells in the organ primordia, their expansion and a coordinated exit to differentiation. Genome replication is one of the most important processes that occur during the cell cycle, as the maintenance of genomic integrity is of primary relevance for development. As it is chromatin that must be duplicated, a strict coordination occurs between DNA replication, the deposition of new histones, and the introduction of histone modifications and variants. In turn, the chromatin landscape affects several stages during genome replication. Thus, chromatin accessibility is crucial for the initial stages and to specify the location of DNA replication origins with different chromatin signatures. The chromatin landscape also determines the timing of activation during the S phase. Genome replication must occur fully, but only once during each cell cycle. The re‐replication avoidance mechanisms rely primarily on restricting the availability of certain replication factors; however, the presence of specific histone modifications are also revealed as contributing to the mechanisms that avoid re‐replication, in particular for heterochromatin replication. We provide here an update of genome replication mostly focused on data from Arabidopsis, and the advances that genomic approaches are likely to provide in the coming years. The data available, both in plants and animals, point to the relevance of the chromatin landscape in genome replication, and require a critical evaluation of the existing views about the nature of replication origins, the mechanisms of origin specification and the relevance of epigenetic modifications for genome replication.
Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to Measure the Learning Management System Acceptance by Students of Politeknik Sakti Surabaya
Authors: Indahyanti Uce , Sukarjadi Sukarjadi 
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to measure factors that influence students’acceptance of a Learning Management System (LMS) using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). LMS is an information system that facilitates e-learning that serves to process, store, disseminate learning materials and provides administrative support and communication related to the teaching and learning process. Support students as users of the LMS content are one of the success factors in the implementation of the LMS. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which has five factors namely perceived usefullness, perceived ease of use, attitudes towards to use, behavioral intention to use and actual use. A set of questionnaires have been completed by 60 students in Politeknik SAKTI Surabaya. Data were processed using SmartPLS and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results showed that the TAM was valid, reliable, and substantially acceptable based on the results of data evaluation, ie the indicator factor loading > 0.5, the t-statistic ≥ 1.96, the cronbach alpha ≥ 0.6, and the value of the goodness of fit = 0.47. The factors that influence students’acceptance of a LMS in Politeknik SAKTI Surabaya are perceived usefullness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes towards to use, affecting the intention to use, and significantly affect the actual use of LMS.
Integral Equation for the Ahlfors Map on Multiply Connected Regions
Authors: Nazar Kashif , M. Murid Ali H. , K. Sangawi Ali W. 
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a new boundary integral equation with the adjoint Neumann kernel associated with where is the boundary correspondence function of Ahlfors map of a bounded multiply connected region onto a unit disk. The proposed boundary integral equation is constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by the Ahlfors map of a multiply connected region. The integral equation is solved numerically for using combination of Nystrom method, GMRES method, and fast multiple method. From the computed values of we solve for the boundary correspondence function which then gives the Ahlfors map. The numerical examples presented here prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Motivations for Value Co-creation in Higher Education Institutions Using Online Platforms: Case of Idea Bank
Authors: Hasan Nabil , Abdul Rahman Azizah , Saeed Faisal 
Published: April 2015

The involvement of stakeholders in value creation is one of the successful marketing techniques. It helps to introduce a very clear view of understanding the stakeholder’s needs, thought and suggestions. Stakeholder engagement in value creation will highlight the fact that new ideas for developing services or products will help to meet customer’s needs and expectations. Ideation is one of the most important strategies that lead to development of such services, enhancing service quality and innovation. Motivation for generating ideas from stakeholders in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) through online interaction platforms is one of the challenges that needs further exploration, because of human differences in the nature of motivation and mindset. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) idea bank online platform is adopted as a case study in this research paper. The main aim of this study is to identify the factors that encourage stakeholders in HEIs to be continuously involved in value co-creation through available online platforms. Interviews with sample of active stakeholders have been conducted using open end questions. In addition, observation on idea bank website and analyzing the archive and website history is considered. The initial results identify three areas of motivations for value co-creation in HEIs: organizational motives, online platform characteristics, individual motives. Results and implications for this case study will help HEIs such as universities achieve better global market positioning, to differentiate themselves among others, and to develop stakeholder’s competencies.