bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing governance and learning lessons
Authors: Geddes Louise , Shand Rory 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of tiers of governance and discuss the findings from research into a crime policy's implementation focusing on resourcing, community engagement, accountability and leadership. The paper examines the shift from partnership delivery to the Big Society.Design/methodology/approach– 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews with partnership managers from a range of organisations combined with non-participant semi-structured of ten partnership meetings and documentary analysis were undertaken, in tandem with the policy networks framework.Findings– Despite the expectations placed on crime partnerships by New Labour, governance has continued to be driven by professionals and dominated by the large public sector organisations, rather than the community they serve or their service users, and with little involvement from the business sector in delivery. The focus upon voluntarism, enterprise and business in the Big Society vision will mean rapid adaptation in the sector if it is to fit the Big Society agenda successfully.Originality/value– The paper serves to set out the relationships between key actors in governance in this policy area and the relevance of this to the Big Society idea. Its findings and lessons can be used to compare the policy sector across countries and for practical use by policy makers.
Multicultural markets and acculturation: implications for service firms
Authors: Poulis Konstantinos , Poulis Efthimios , Yamin Mo 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The purpose is to construct an analytical framework that encapsulates implications for the marketing offering of service firms as a result of observed intra-national ethnic diversity in these firms' markets of operation.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual approach which promotes the idea that acculturation matters for service firms operating in multicultural markets and adopts relevant propositions related to service firms' strategy in such markets.Findings– Integrating fragmented insights from consumer behaviour and multicultural marketing, the study suggests that the various interactions and contacts between ethnic groups in a multicultural country can generate acculturation outcomes that lend themselves to novel avenues for empirical research. These avenues move beyond a research focus on the presence of ethnic groups as stand-alone entities of intra-ethnic uniformity.Practical implications– Firms with a broader market horizon in a multicultural market can employ acculturation in their marketing strategy since an exclusive focus on ethnicity as a basis of segmenting the market reveals shortcomings. Otherwise, a myopic approach that ignores cross-ethnic interactions may lead to bypassing opportunities for more considerate market responses by a service firm.Originality/value– To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the only acculturation study in a services context that offers an analytical framework and propositions that can be used as a guide for multicultural, services marketing researchers and practitioners that see the market in a holistic fashion.
Religious influences on consumers' high-involvement purchasing decisions
Authors: Siala Haytham 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– This aim of this paper is to investigate the impact that religious factors have on a consumer's perception of brand loyalty in the context of the services industry. Specifically, the study focuses on the attitudinal/affective form of brand loyalty. An empirical investigation was conducted to test whether the religiosity and religious centrism of Muslim consumers can instill attitudinal brand loyalty towards an insurer selling a religiously-conforming high-involvement indemnity service.

Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey was conducted with 208 Muslim consumers, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to test the relationships between the exogenous and endogenous variables.

Findings
– The results shows that there is a positive relationship between the exogenous religiosity and religious centrism constructs, and the endogenous attitudinal brand loyalty, price tolerance and word-of-mouth constructs.

Practical implications
– The findings of this research study suggest that religion can have a significant impact on consumers' choice when purchasing an indemnity service such as a car insurance service. Given the fact that religious values are persistent over time, there are some potential long-term benefits for companies that can identify the lucrative religious consumer segments that are present in the local and global markets.

Originality/value
– This study provides valuable insight into the UK Muslim consumer behavior by exploring the religious factors that can influence consumers' brand loyalty toward buying high-involvement religiously-compliant products and services. The findings of this study also indicate that the existing TRA and TRB models in the social sciences literature may need to incorporate a new ritualistic/religious dimension to the existing attitude-intention relationship saga.
The influence of social undermining on the service employee's customer-oriented boundary-spanning behavior
Authors: Yoo Jaewon 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the effect of social undermining on the service employees' boundary-spanning behavior though perceived fit with job (P-J fit). This study also aims to examine the moderating role of ethical climate in the relationship between service employees' perceived fit with job (P-J fit) and boundary-spanning behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a sample of 469 Korean bank and insurance employees, research model and hypotheses were tested. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and the hierarchical regression model.

Findings
– The results showed that supervisor and co-worker undermining have detrimental influences on the service employee's perceived fit with job. P-J fit has a positive effect on employees' boundary-spanning behavior and this relationship was positively moderated by the employee's prevailing perception of organizational practices and procedures that have ethical content.

Research limitations/implications
– This research should be evaluated in light of limitations, one of which is the reliance on cross-sectional data. The generalizability of this research model across settings and across outcome variables is still an open question. The measures of social undermining were based on participant perceptions, and in each case, participants make judgments about their negative behaviors retrospectively. Furthermore, the data were collected in Korea, so generalizing the hypothesized model beyond this setting is limited. Since Korea represents a distinct cultural and economic context, future research could examine the model in different countries.

Practical implications
– The findings of this study confirm the crucial role of managers in creating an ethical climate where decisions are based on formally stated ethical guidelines. Such guidelines help service employees solve the ethical dilemmas that are common to their positions. These research findings demonstrate that creating an ethical climate is not only the right thing to do but also has significant benefits for both the service employees and the organization.

Originality/value
– Considering the boundary-spanning role of the service employee, not only the organizational side (supervisor and co-worker undermining), but also the customer is specified as a major source of social undermining.
Comparative analysis of passive defences in spiders (Araneae)
Authors: Pekár Stano 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBeing frequent prey of many predators, including especially wasps and birds, spiders have evolved a variety of defence mechanisms. Here I studied patterns of passive defences, namely anachoresis, crypsis, masquerade, aposematism and Batesian mimicry, in spiders.Using published information pertaining more than 1000 spider species, the phylogenetic pattern of different passive defences (i.e. defences that decrease the risk of an encounter with the predator) was investigated. Furthermore, I studied the effect of foraging guild, geographical distribution and diel activity on the frequency of defences as these determine the predators diversity, presence and perception.I found that crypsis (background matching) combined with anachoresis (hiding) was the most frequent defence confined mainly to families/genera at the base of the tree. Aposematism (warning coloration) and Batesian mimicry (imitation of noxious/dangerous model) were found in taxa that branched later in the tree, and masquerade (imitation of inedible objects) was confined to families at intermediate positions of the tree. Aposematism and Batesian mimicry were restricted to a few lineages.Masquerade was used particularly by web‐building species with nocturnal activity. Aposematism was rare but mainly used by web‐building diurnal species. Batesian mimicry was frequently observed in cursorial species with diurnal activity. Cryptic species were more common in temperate zones, whereas aposematic and mimetic species were more common in the tropics.Here I show that the evolution of passive defences in spiders was influenced by the ecology of species. Then, I discuss the evolutionary significance of the particularly defences.
Eighty‐seven cases of a nail gun injury to the extremity
Authors: Ling Shi‐Neng James , Ong Natalie Chuen‐Ying , North John Bevan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this research were to characterise the injury patterns associated with nail guns, highlight their potential complications and review treatment options.MethodsA retrospective case series was conducted of all patients with a nail gun injury to the upper or lower limb who presented to the Princess Alexandra Hospital from 1 January 2007 to 30 July 2012.ResultsYoung men in the work environment were at most risk of sustaining a nail gun injury to their non‐dominant hand. Out of 87 cases identified, 29% were intra‐articular, 16% had evidence of neurovascular injury, 24% involved bone and 37% had evidence of tendon injury. Fifty‐eight per cent underwent operative management, 32% were treated solely in the ED and 10% were transferred to a private facility. At the time of operation, 14% of cases had tendon, joint or neurovascular involvement and 20% had retained foreign material. The median length of operation was 17 min and no anaesthetic complications were identified. Four (13%) patients had ongoing pain, paraesthesia or stiffness at the time of follow up.ConclusionsThe present study characterises the injury patterns caused by nail guns. Treatment of these injuries should be based on clinical findings; however, the majority of cases should undergo surgical treatment. The required operation is a short and safe treatment modality that might allow a thorough assessment of the injury, removal of embedded material, repair of structural damage and a sterile washout to be performed.
Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander presentations to three Victorian emergency departments
Authors: Martin Catherine , Smith Tammy , Graudins Andis , Braitberg George , Chapman Rose 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) people have significant health disparity compared with other Australians. The present study examines the characteristics of ATSI patients presenting to three EDs of a single healthcare network to determine whether any healthcare disadvantages exist.MethodsThis is a retrospective audit of 179 795 presentations to the ED from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012. Measures included socioeconomic status, general practitioner nomination, triage category status, primary diagnosis recorded, length of stay and the outcome of stay, including numbers leaving before and after medical treatment was commenced.ResultsATSI people were found to live in the lower socioeconomic regions of the network's catchment area, were more likely to attend the ED (135.5 non‐ATSI persons presenting per 1000 non‐ATSI persons and 210.4 ATSI persons presenting per 1000 ATSI persons), less likely to nominate a general practitioner (73.3 vs 82.1%; OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.71), more likely to leave before (5.5 vs 4.0%; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09–1.80) or after treatment had commenced (3.2 vs 2.3%; OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.97), and were more likely to re‐attend the ED than non‐ATSI people (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.46).ConclusionATSI people living in Melbourne's south‐east have social and health utilisation inequities, which might have an impact on their health status.
Evaluation of a multifaceted intervention on documentation of vital signs at triage: A before‐and‐after study
Authors: Gerdtz Marie F , Waite Rebbecca , Vassiliou Theresa , Garbutt Bruce , Prematunga Roshani , Virtue Elizabeth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundTriage systems provide a centralised safety mechanism where all patients are assessed for clinical urgency at point of entry to the ED.ObjectiveThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted intervention on triage documentation rates and guideline adherence.MethodsA before‐and‐after design was used. The intervention involved restructuring the computerised interface, regular audit and feedback and education sessions. The setting was one adult tertiary referral hospital and major trauma centre located in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were triage nurses. Data were collected at five time points for a consecutive sample of one month of presentations.ResultsOver a 15 month period, we sampled 35.8% (24 862/69 395) episodes of triage performed by 122 nurses. Documentation rates for all vital signs progressively increased from baseline. There were significant increases in the proportion of episodes of triage where any vital sign was documented (32.2% vs 82.6%), and where pair and triplet combinations of vital signs were recorded in the triage field (heart rate and respiratory rate: 17.9% vs 64.6%; heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature: 7.0% vs 30.4%). No significant change in guideline adherence was observed after the intervention.ConclusionProgressive sustained improvements in vital sign documentation were observed over the study period; however, no such increases were noted in guideline adherence. To facilitate evaluation of guideline adherence, we recommend specific vital sign parameters be included in the Australasian Triage Scale Guideline for all levels of urgency.
Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate Turbulence in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Subjected to High‐Dose Chemotherapy in the Course of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Poręba Małgorzata , Poręba Rafał , Gać Paweł , Usnarska‐Zubkiewicz Lidia , Pilecki Witold , Piotrowicz Ewa , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Rusiecki Leszek , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Mazur Grzegorz , Sobieszczańska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIn hematological malignancies, remissions and cures may be achieved by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC). Cardiotoxicity of such therapy has not yet been fully elucidated. Noninvasive approaches allowing to evaluate an autonomic control of the heart function include analyses of both heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT).MethodsIn 38 patients with hematological malignancies, 24‐hour electrocardiography Holter monitoring , with HRV and HRT analysis before HSCT (A test) and after HSCT (B test), was performed.ResultsThe 24‐hour analysis of HRV demonstrated that SDNN, SDNNi, rMSSD, and pNN50 parameters were significantly lower after HSCT as compared to the results obtained before the transplantation (P < 0.05). For period of diurnal activity and for night hours, SDANN, SDNNi, rMSSD, and pNN50 were significantly lower in B test, as compared to the results of A test (P < 0.05). The analysis of HRT demonstrated that turbulence onset parameter was significantly higher, and turbulence slope parameter was significantly lower in B test, as compared to A test (P < 0.05). The multifactorial stepwise backward regression analysis indicated that administration of cyclophosphamide and carmustine and higher concentrations of blood cholesterol represented risk factors for decreased HRV. Cyclophosphamide and higher triglyceride levels represented independent risk factors for decreased HRT.ConclusionsIn patients with hematopoietic malignancies treated with HSCT, decreased HRV and HRT were observed after chemotherapy and stem cells administration.
The efficiency of cross‐linking methods in eradication of bacteria is influenced by the riboflavin concentration and the irradiation time of ultraviolet light
Authors: Bäckman Anders , Makdoumi Karim , Mortensen Jes , Crafoord Sven 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine bacterial eradication using numerous riboflavin concentrations and different ultraviolet light A (UVA) radiant and exposure time in an experimental model.MethodsDilutions of Staphylococcus epidermidis were mixed with riboflavin at varying concentrations (0.007–0.09%). Effects on bacterial growth were evaluated after 0, 3, 6, 30 and 60 min of UVA exposure (irradiance 30 and 3 mW/cm2). Standard settings of UVA were compared with high‐power UVA approach. Different fluid thicknesses of the exposed dilutions were also examined to improve the model.ResultsBacterial eradication (%) was increased after 60 compared with 30 min of UVA exposure for concentrations of 0.03–0.07% but not for 0.09% riboflavin. There was a significant difference between the efficacy between 0.03 and 0.09% and eradication dropped from 80% to 50% (p = 0.01). A correlation could be calculated for the amount of riboflavin at 60 min of UVA and the ability to kill bacteria (p = 0.01). The antibacterial effect was more pronounced when the tested bacterial suspension thickness was reduced. High‐power UVA method was less potent in microbial elimination, eradicating only 60% of bacteria after 6 min versus 97–99% after 60 min in the low‐power setting, compared with respective controls (p = 0.02).ConclusionsIn these in vitro experiments, a longer UVA exposure time in combination with lower riboflavin levels were found to be favourable in killing bacteria as compared to the standard cross‐linking settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings.
New Threats to Academic Freedom
Authors: Minerva Francesca 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing a specific case as an example, the article argues that the Internet allows dissemination of academic ideas to the general public in ways that can sometimes pose a threat to academic freedom. Since academic freedom is a fundamental element of academia and since it benefits society at large, it is important to safeguard it. Among measures that can be taken in order to achieve this goal, the publication of anonymous research seems to be a good option.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor‐1 is involved in cardiac noradrenergic activity observed during naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal
Authors: Martínez‐Laorden Elena , García‐Carmona Juan‐Antonio , Baroja‐Mazo Alberto , Romecín Paola , Atucha Noemí M , Milanés María‐Victoria , Laorden María‐Luisa 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeThe negative affective states of withdrawal involve the recruitment of brain and peripheral stress circuitry [noradrenergic activity, induction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis and activation of heat shock proteins (Hsps)]. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) pathways are important mediators in the negative symptoms of opioid withdrawal. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the role of the CRF1 receptor in the response of stress systems to morphine withdrawal and its effect in the heart using genetically engineered mice lacking functional CRF1 receptors.Experimental ApproachWild‐type and CRF1 receptor‐knockout mice were treated with increasing doses of morphine. Precipitated withdrawal was induced by naloxone. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels, the expression of myocardial Hsp27, Hsp27 phosphorylated at Ser82, membrane (MB)‐ COMT, soluble (S)‐COMT protein and NA turnover were evaluated by RIA, immunoblotting and HPLC.Key ResultsDuring morphine withdrawal we observed an enhancement of NA turnover in parallel with an increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in wild‐type mice. In addition, naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal induced an activation of HPA axis and Hsp27. The principal finding of the present study was that plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels, MB‐COMT, S‐COMT, NA turnover, and Hsp27 expression and activation observed during morphine withdrawal were significantly inhibited in the CRF1 receptor‐knockout mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results demonstrate that CRF/CRF1 receptor activation may contribute to stress‐induced cardiovascular dysfunction after naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal and suggest that CRF/CRF1 receptor pathways could contribute to cardiovascular disease associated with opioid addiction.
Adult Attachment States of Mind: Measurement Invariance Across Ethnicity and Associations With Maternal Sensitivity
Authors: Haltigan John D. , Leerkes Esther M. , Wong Maria S. , Fortuna Keren , Roisman Glenn I. , Supple Andrew J. , O'Brien Marion , Calkins Susan D. , Plamondon André 
Published: November 2013

This study examined the developmental significance of mothers' adult attachment representations assessed prenatally with the Adult Attachment Interview in relation to observed maternal sensitivity at 6 months postpartum in an ethnically diverse sample (N = 131 African American; N = 128 European American). Multiple‐group confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for partial measurement invariance of a two‐factor dismissing and preoccupied latent structure of adult attachment across the two ethnic groups of women. African American women showed modest elevations on the preoccupied factor relative to European American women. Although the dismissing factor showed an empirically equivalent negative association with maternal sensitivity in both ethnic groups, this effect was reduced to marginal significance when controlling for maternal socioeconomic status.