bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community preferences in general practice: important factors for choosing a general practitioner
Authors: Kenny Patricia , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Wong Chun Yee , Haas Marion , Goodall Stephen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the important factors for choosing a general practitioner (GP) can inform the provision of consumer information and contribute to the design of primary care services.ObjectiveTo identify the factors considered important when choosing a GP and to explore subgroup differences.DesignAn online survey asked about the respondent's experience of GP care and included 36 questions on characteristics important to the choice of GP.ParticipantsAn Australian population sample (n = 2481) of adults aged 16 or more.MethodsPrincipal components analysis identified dimensions for the creation of summated scales, and regression analysis was used to identify patient characteristics associated with each scale.ResultsThe 36 questions were combined into five scales (score range 1–5) labelled: care quality, types of services, availability, cost and practice characteristics. Care quality was the most important factor (mean = 4.4, SD = 0.6) which included questions about technical care, interpersonal care and continuity. Cost (including financial and time cost) was also important (mean = 4.1, SD = 0.6). The least important factor was types of services (mean = 3.3, SD = 0.9), which covered the range of different services provided by or co‐located with the practice. Frequent GP users and females had higher scores across all 5 scales, while the importance of care quality increased with age.ConclusionsWhen choosing a GP, information about the quality of care would be most useful to consumers. Respondents varied in the importance given to some factors including types of services, suggesting the need for a range of alternative primary care services.
GATA‐binding protein 3 enhances the utility of gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 and mammaglobin A in triple‐negative breast cancer by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Huo Lei , Gong Yun , Guo Ming , Gilcrease Michael Z , Wu Yun , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jinxia , Resetkova Erika , Hunt Kelly K , Deavers Michael T 
Published: January 2015

AimsWe have demonstrated previously that gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15) and mammaglobin A (MAM) are of limited utility in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3) is an emerging breast‐associated immunohistochemical (IHC) marker with limited data in TNBC. Here, we examined GATA‐3 expression in TNBC in comparison with GCDFP‐15 and MAM.Methods and resultsWe studied GATA‐3, GCDFP‐15 and MAM IHC expression in 62 primary and 68 metastatic TNBCs. In primary TNBCs, GATA‐3 staining was observed in 25 cases (40%), including 16 cases that were negative for GCDFP‐15 and MAM. In metastatic TNBCs, GATA‐3 staining was observed in 30 cases (44%), including 16 cases that were negative for GCDFP‐15 and MAM. The expression frequency of any of the markers was 56% in primary and 62% in metastatic TNBCs. However, when focal staining was excluded, the expression frequency of any marker dropped to 31% and 44%, respectively.ConclusionGATA‐3 is expressed at a higher frequency by IHC in TNBC compared to GCDFP‐15 and MAM, although the tissue specificity of the latter markers may be superior. When evaluating a triple‐negative tumour, including GATA‐3 in a panel of markers may increase the diagnostic accuracy for tissue origin in the appropriate clinical setting.
The Effectiveness of Intensive Interaction, A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hutchinson Nick , Bodicoat Anna 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundIntensive Interaction is an approach used for communicating with people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities or autism. It has gained increased recognition as a helpful technique, but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed.MethodComputerized and hand searches of the literature were conducted using synonyms for ‘intellectual disabilities’, ‘autism’ and ‘intensive interaction’.ResultsFifteen quantitative and three qualitative papers were identified examining the efficacy of the approach with participants across the age range in both educational and residential settings.ConclusionsStudies were limited by the quality of reporting and difficulties conducting good quality, ethically sound research with participants with PMID. Staff support should be considered in training to aid implementation of interventions. Studies attempted to investigate whether Intensive Interaction builds social interactions or reduces repetitive or self‐injurious behaviour. More research needs to be conducted before conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of this approach.
Effect of temperature on reproduction and embryonic development of the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala L., (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Mathiasen H. , Sørensen H. , Bligaard J. , Esbjerg P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of winter oilseed rape. Despite the importance of this pest, detailed information on reproduction to predict risk of crop damage is lacking. This study investigates the effect of temperature on parameters of reproduction, egg development and viability at five constant temperatures. Significant temperature effects were found on the pre‐oviposition period, total number of eggs laid, daily oviposition rate, female longevity, egg‐development rate and viability. The mean length of the pre‐oviposition period ranged from 93.1 days at 4°C to 14.6 days at 20°C. Analysis of total number of eggs laid and daily oviposition rate during female lifespan estimated the highest total number of eggs laid (696 eggs/female) at 16°C and the highest oviposition rate (6.8 eggs/female and day) at 20°C. The daily oviposition rate at 20°C was not significantly higher than 5.4 eggs/female and day at 16°C. Female longevity was significantly longer at 4°C, shorter at 20°C and not significantly different between 8, 12 and 16°C. Estimated 50% survival time of females was 239, 153, 195, 186 and 78 days at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20°C, respectively. A linear model of egg development at 8–20°C estimated the lower developmental threshold to be 5.1°C and the thermal constant for development 184.9 degree‐days. The percentage of eggs hatching was significantly lower at 4°C than at all other temperatures tested. The estimated mean hatching percentages were 47.3%, 70.0%, 72.4%, 66.2% and 67.9% at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20°C, respectively. These results can be used to predict the start and intensity of egg‐laying in the autumn and the appearance of larvae in the field from knowledge about time of field invasion and from monitoring the weather.
Using viable eggs to accurately determine the demographic and predation potential ofHarmonia dimidiata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)
Authors: Mou D.‐F. , Lee C.‐C. , Smith C. L. , Chi H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLife table parameters and predation rate of the coccinellid predatorHarmonia dimidiataF. fed onAphis gossypiiGlover were determined at 25°C using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. When the total number of eggs were included in our calculations, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) forH. dimidiatawere 0.1354/day, 1.1450/day, 280.8 offspring and 41.6 day, respectively. These values were significantly different, however, only when viable (=hatchable)H. dimidiataeggs were counted (0.0909/day, 1.0952/day, 67.6 offspring and 46.3 day, respectively). The values obtained using all eggs did not realistically reflect the effect of variable hatch rate and true population parameters ofH. dimidiata. We therefore excluded unhatched eggs from our data and demonstrated mathematically that in future demographic studies, it should be a standard procedure to exclude all unhatched eggs when analysing hatch rates that vary with maternal age. A mathematical proof was derived in this study to substantiate this. To observe and quantify variations that occur in the predation rate due to the age and stage of the predator, the daily number ofA. gossypiiconsumed by individualH. dimidiatawas analysed using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. The net predation rate ofH. dimidiataonA. gossypiiwas 14 804 aphids. The transformation rateQpshowed that the predator needs to consume an average of 219.1 aphids to produce one viable egg. The finite predation rate ofH. dimidiatawas 125.7 when only hatchable eggs were included in the analysis. Because the age‐stage, two‐sex life table takes both of the sexes and the variable predation rate occurring among stages into consideration, it becomes possible to use the population projection to quantify and time biological control procedures.
The Protective Role of School Friendship Ties for Substance Use and Aggressive Behaviors Among Middle School Students
Authors: Forster Myriam , Grigsby Timothy J. , Bunyan Alden , Unger Jennifer Beth , Valente Thomas William 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFew studies have examined the interplay among quantifiable aspects of peer bonds, friendship types, personal characteristics, and behavioral outcomes in schools in distressed neighborhoods. The aim of this study was to identify compensatory and protective factors that can be promoted in school‐based prevention programs.METHODSThe sample was comprised of students in East Los Angeles County (N = 184). We investigated the association between 3 measures of social influence (friends in gangs, nominations of schoolmates as friends [out‐degree], and the number of nominations received from schoolmates [in‐degree]) and social self‐control with lifetime alcohol, tobacco, inhalant, “other” drug use, and aggression.RESULTSFriendships were protective for substance use and aggression and moderated the relationship between social self‐control, substance use, and aggression. We found important sex differences; girls who nominated more friends were less likely to report alcohol use and aggression relative to boys but were more likely to have reported drug use as social self‐control scores increased.CONCLUSIONSOur results have important implications for school‐based prevention and intervention programs. We provide preliminary evidence that school ties and perceptions of belongingness can mitigate the effects of several risk factors linked to substance use and aggression.
The Role of Family and Community Involvement in the Development and Implementation of School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policy
Authors: Kehm Rebecca , Davey Cynthia S. , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough there are several evidence‐based recommendations directed at improving nutrition and physical activity standards in schools, these guidelines have not been uniformly adopted throughout the United States. Consequently, research is needed to identify facilitators promoting schools to implement these recommendations. Therefore, this study analyzed the 2008 School Health Profiles Principal Survey (Profiles) to explore the role of family and community involvement in school nutrition and physical activity standards.METHODSSurvey data on nutrition and physical activity policies, as well as family and community involvement, were available for 28 states, representing 6732 secondary schools. One‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), 2‐sample t‐tests, Pearson's chi‐square tests, and multiple logistic and linear regression models were employed in this analysis.RESULTSFamily and community involvement were associated with schools more frequently utilizing healthy eating strategies and offering students healthier food options. Further, involvement was associated with greater support for physical education staff and more intramural sports opportunities for students.CONCLUSIONSThough family and community involvement have the potential to have a positive influence on school nutrition and physical activity policies and practices, involvement remains low in schools. Increased efforts are needed to encourage collaboration among schools, families, and communities to ensure the highest health standards for all students.
The Market for Paintings in Paris between Rococo and Romanticism
Authors: Etro Federico , Stepanova Elena 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe analyze art pricing in a unique dataset on Paris auctions between 700s and 800s. Prices reflect the objective features of the paintings and of the sale, and they reveal a substantial death effect, with upward jumps in the years after the death of the artists. Both the hedonic and repeated sale price indexes show a declining pattern for the price of paintings (relative to the cost of living) starting with the French Revolution. On this basis, we analyze the emerging role and market power of art dealers and employ network theory to study whether they created rings to manipulate the outcome of the auctions for their profits. Dealers appear to have been divided into four main communities heavily trading between themselves and we find evidence of collusive behavior with lower hammer prices for buyers belonging to the same community of the dealers organizing the auction.
Oral and maxillofacial pathologies in young‐ and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Almoznino G , Zadik Y , Vered M , Becker T , Yahalom R , Derazne E , Aframian DJ , Czerninski R 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the distribution of oral and maxillofacial pathologies (OMFPs) and its association with patient age in young‐ and middle‐aged adults.MethodsDistribution of histopathologically diagnosed OMFPs (n = 385) treated during 2007–2010 was recorded and the association with patient age was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe main diagnostic categories included benign exophytic lesions (45.3%), white benign lesions (13.5%), potentially malignant lesions/disorders (10.1%), intrabony lesions (9.8%), mucosal discoloration (7.8%), benign pigmented lesions (7.3%), chronic trauma/inflammation (3.9%), and oral malignancy (2.1%). Potentially malignant lesions/disorders as a diagnostic category were positively associated with age (OR = 1.07 for 1 year; P < 0.001) and specifically the diagnoses of oral lichen planus (OR = 1.04 for 1 year; P = 0.037) and dysplastic changes (OR = 1.08 for 1 year; P = 0.013) that comprised this category. Pigmented melanocytic lesions were negatively associated with age (OR = 0.94 for 1 year; P = 0.039) as well as benign/reactive exophytic lesions (OR = 0.98 for 1 year; P = 0.038), the latter included the histopathological diagnosis of benign salivary gland pathologies (OR = 0.90 for 1 year; P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study provided baseline information regarding the distribution OMFPs among young‐ and middle‐aged adults. It is important to highlight the high frequency of potentially malignant lesions/disorders and oral malignancy in young‐ and middle‐aged adults, as these lesions require lifelong follow‐up.
Prostaglandin E1 Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Review of the Literature
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe important pathophysiologic factor of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) in lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) has been reported to be the reduction in intraneural blood flow and a state of relative ischemia in nerve tissues. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) presumably improves symptoms in patients with LSCS by improving the blood flow in the cauda equina and nerve roots through its vasodilation and antiplatelet aggregation effects. The purpose of the study was to summarize the results of previous studies regarding PGE1 treatment for LSCS and to describe the details of PGE1 treatment to all physicians who take care of patients with LSCS.MethodsReview of the literature.ResultsThere are 3 PGE1‐related products that have been used clinically for the treatment of LSCS: PGE1, lipo‐PGE1, and limaprost (PGE1 derivative). Experimental studies have been performed to verify the efficacy of PGE1 treatment for LSCS. Many studies have reported clinical outcomes of PGE1 treatment in patients with LSCS. Overall, previous studies examining PGE1 treatment for LSCS demonstrate improvement in several clinical outcome measures such as the visual analog scale, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and NIC distance, although most of the studies have only short‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsBased on the results of previous studies, PGE1 treatment may be an option as a conservative treatment for LSCS. However, future studies with high‐quality and long‐term follow‐up are necessary. Future studies also should include refinement of indications, administration period, as well as comparisons between PGE1 treatment and other conservative treatments such as epidural injection.
The Potential Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire as a Screener for Psychiatric Comorbidity in a Chronic Disabling Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder Population
Authors: Asih Sali , Mayer Tom G. , Bradford E. McKenna , Neblett Randy , Williams Mark J. , Hartzell Meredith M. , Gatchel Robert J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe patient health questionnaire (PHQ) is designed for screening psychopathology in primary care settings. However, little is known about its clinical utility in other chronic pain populations, which usually have high psychiatric comorbidities.DesignA consecutive cohort of 546 patients with chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorder (CDOMD) was administered and compared upon psychosocial assessments, including the PHQ and a structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV (SCID). Four PHQ modules were assessed: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and alcohol use disorders (AUD) [including both alcohol abuse and dependence]. Based on the SCID diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity were determined.ResultsThe specificity of the PHQ ranged from moderate to high for all 4 PHQ modules (MDD, 0.79; GAD, 0.67; PD, 0.89; AUD, 0.97). However, the sensitivity was relatively low: MDD (0.58); GAD (0.61); PD (0.49); and AUD (0.24). The PHQ was also associated with psychosocial variables. Patients whose PHQ showed MDD, GAD, or PD reported significantly more depressive symptoms and perceived disability than patients who did not (Ps < 0.001). Patients with MDD or GAD reported significantly higher pain than those without (Ps < 0.001).ConclusionsThe strong specificity of the PHQ appears to be its primary strength for this cohort. Due to its high specificity, the PHQ could be employed as an additional screening tool to help rule out potential psychiatric comorbidity in patients with CDOMD. The low sensitivity of the PHQ in this population, however, remains a weakness of the PHQ.
Temporal variations of mobile carbohydrates in Abies fargesii at the upper tree limits
Authors: Dang H.S. , Zhang K.R. , Zhang Q.F. , Xu Y.M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLow temperatures are associated high‐altitude treelines, but the functional mechanism of treeline formation remains controversial. The relative contributions of carbon limitation (source activity) and growth limitation (sink activity) require more tests across taxa and regions. We examined temporal variations of mobile carbon supply in different tissues of Abies fargesii across treeline ecotones on north‐ and south‐facing slopes of the Qinling Mountains, China. Non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in tissues along the altitudinal gradient on both slopes changed significantly in the early and late growing season, but not in the mid‐growing season, indicating the season‐dependent carbon supply status. Late in the growing season on both slopes, trees at the upper limits had the highest NSC concentrations and total soluble sugars and lowest starch concentrations compared to trees at the lower elevations. NSC concentrations tended to increase in needles and branches throughout the growing season with increasing elevation on both slopes, but declined in roots and stems. NSC concentrations across sampling dates also indicated increases in needles and branches, and decreases in roots and stem with increasing elevation. Overall altitudinal trends of NSC in A. fargesii revealed no depletion of mobile carbon reserves at upper elevation limits, suggesting limitation of sink activity dominates tree life across treeline ecotones in both north‐ and south‐facing slopes. Carbon reserves in storage tissues (especially roots) in the late growing season might also play an important role in winter survival and early growth in spring at upper elevations on both slopes, which define the uppermost limit of A. fargesii.
Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction during Gestation, Preterm Delivery, and Birthweight. The Infancia y Medio Ambiente Cohort, Spain
Authors: León Gemma , Murcia Mario , Rebagliato Marisa , Álvarez‐Pedrerol Mar , Castilla Ane M , Basterrechea Mikel , Iñiguez Carmen , Fernández‐Somoano Ana , Blarduni Elizabeth , Foradada Carles M. , Tardón Adonina , Vioque Jesús 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaternal clinical thyroid disorders can cause reproductive complications. However, the effects of mild thyroid dysfunctions are not yet well established. The aim was to evaluate the association of maternal thyroid function during the first half of pregnancy with birthweight and preterm delivery.MethodsWe analysed data on 2170 pregnant women and their children from a prospective population‐based cohort study in four Spanish areas. Mid‐gestation maternal serum and urine samples were gathered to determine thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Thyroid status was defined according to percentile distribution as: euthyroid (TSH and fT4 >5th and <95th percentiles); hypothyroxinaemia (fT4 < 5th percentile and TSH normal), hypothyroidism (TSH > 95th percentile and fT4 normal or <5th percentile), hyperthyroxinaemia (fT4 > 95th percentile and TSH normal), and hyperthyroidism (TSH < 5th percentile and fT4 normal or >95th percentile). Response variables were birthweight, small and large for gestational age (SGA/LGA), and preterm delivery.ResultsAn inverse association of fT4 and TSH with birthweight was found, the former remaining when restricted to euthyroid women. High fT4 levels were also associated with an increased risk of SGA [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 (95% CI 1.08, 1.51)]. Mean birthweight was higher in the hypothyroxinaemic group (β = 109, P < 0.01). Iodine intake and UIC were not associated with birth outcomes.ConclusionsHigh maternal fT4 levels during the first half of pregnancy were related to lower birthweight and increased risk of SGA newborns, suggesting that maternal thyroid function may affect fetal growth, even within the normal range.