bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐pot, One‐step Synthesis of 2,5‐Diformylfuran from Carbohydrates over Mo‐Containing Keggin Heteropolyacids
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhu Liangfang , Tang Jinqiang , Liu Mingyang , Cheng Ruodi , Hu Changwei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work, a one‐pot strategy for directly converting fructose into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) over Mo‐containing Keggin heteropolyacids (HPAs) in open air is developed. H3PMo12O40 HPA is found to show high activity and selectivity to the formation of DFF owing to its higher Brønsted acidity and moderate redox potential. The partial substitution of the H+ in H3PMo12O40 with Cs+ leads to the heterogenization of the HPA by forming its cesium salts CsxH3−xPMo12 (x=0.5, 1.5, and 2.5). A satisfactory yield of 69.3 % to DFF is obtained over Cs0.5H2.5PMo12 polyoxometalate after deliberate optimization of the reaction conditions. The heterogenized polyoxometalate could be recycled and reused without significant loss of catalytic activity for five runs. The produced DFF could be separated from the resulting mixture by an adsorption–desorption method using activated carbon as the adsorbent and furfural as the desorbent. A highest isolated yield of 58.2 % is obtained.
Variability of coloured dissolved organic carbon in seepage humic lakes as related to lake morphometry, catchment characteristics and precipitation.
Authors: Pęczuła Wojciech 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe variability of coloured dissolved organic carbon (CDOC) in ten seepage and humic lakes was studied in an attempt to find out whether the morphometry of lake bodies and their catchment characteristics influence the studied factor during the ice‐free season. The study was carried out in two consecutive years differed with annual sum of precipitation. Using an absorption coefficient at 320 nm as a proxy of CDOC content, and a coefficient of variation as a measure of its variability, we correlated these to lake and catchment features. The results showed that out of 11 studied characteristics, two (maximum and mean depth of the lake) were negatively correlated (−0.85 and −0.78, P < 0.01) and three (catchment size, drainage ratio and Schindler ratio) were positively correlated (0.64, 0.73, P < 0.05; 0.86, P < 0.01) to the studied variable. We have hence concluded that: (1) in more shallow lakes with greater catchment size, more intense mechanism of DOC loss exist during the summer, in contrast to deeper lakes with thermal stratification; (2) precipitation has a strong influence on CDOC inter‐annual and seasonal variability, particularly in shallow lakes with high forest cover in their catchments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental biodegradability of [14C] single-walled carbon nanotubes by Trametes versicolor and natural microbial cultures found in New Bedford Harbor sediment and aerated wastewater treatment plant sludge
Authors: Parks Ashley N. , Chandler G. Thomas , Ho Kay T. , Burgess Robert M. , Ferguson P. Lee 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Little is known about environmental biodegradability or biotransformations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Because of their strong association with aquatic organic matter, detailed knowledge of the ultimate fate and persistence of SWNT requires investigation of possible biotransformations (i.e., biodegradation) in environmental media. In the present study, [14C]SWNT were utilized to track biodegradation over 6 mo by pure liquid culture of the fungus Trametes versicolor and mixed bacterial isolates from field-collected sediment or aerated wastewater treatment plant sludge. The mixed cultures were chosen as more environmentally relevant media where SWNT will likely be deposited under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Activity of [14C] was assessed in solid, aqueous, and 14CO2 gaseous phases to determine amounts of intact SWNT, partially soluble SWNT degradation products, and mineralized SWNT, respectively, during the 6 mo of the experiment. Mass balances based on radiocarbon activity were approximately 100% over 6 mo, and no significant degradation of SWNT was observed. Approximately 99% of the [14C] activity remained in the solid phase, 0.8% in the aqueous phase, and less than 0.1% was mineralized to 14CO2, regardless of culture type. These results suggest that SWNT are not readily biodegraded by pure fungal cultures or environmental microbial communities, and are likely persistent in environmental media. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–5. © 2014 SETAC
Attractive action of FGF‐signaling contributes to the postnatal developing hippocampus
Authors: Cuccioli V. , Bueno C. , Belvindrah R. , Lledo P.‐M. , Martinez S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTDuring brain development neural cell migration is a crucial, well‐orchestrated, process, which leads to the proper whole brain structural organization. As development proceeds, new neurons are continuously produced, and this protracted neurogenesis is maintained throughout life in specialized germinative areas inside the telencephalon: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In the anterior SVZ, newly generated neurons migrate through long distances, along the rostral migratory stream (RMS), before reaching their final destinations in the olfactory bulb (OB). Intriguingly, recent observations pointed out the existence of other postnatal tangential routes of migration alternative to the RMS but still starting from the SVZ. The presence of such dynamic and heterogeneous cell movements contributes to important features in the postnatal brain such as neural cell replacement and plasticity in cortical regions. In this work, we asked whether a caudal migratory pathway starting from the caudal SVZ continues through life. Strikingly, in vivo analysis of this caudal migration revealed the presence of a postnatal contribution of SVZ to the hippocampus. In vitro studies of the caudal migratory stream revealed the role of FGF signaling in attracting caudally the migrating neuroblasts during postnatal stages. Our findings demonstrate a postnatal neuronal contribution from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) CGE‐SVZ to the hippocampus through an FGF‐dependent migrating mechanism. All together our data emphasizes the emerging idea that a developmental program is still operating in discrete domains of the postnatal brain and may contribute to the regulation of neural cell replacement processes in physiological plasticity and/or pathological circumstances. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hesperetin Inhibit Adipocyte Differentiation and Enhance Bax‐ and p21‐Mediated Adipolysis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adipogenesis
Authors: Subash‐Babu, Pandurangan , Alshatwi Ali A 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe aimed to explore the antiadipogenic and adipolysis effect of hesperetin in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)–induced adipogenesis. IC50 value of hesperetin was higher for hMSCs such as 149.2 ± 13.2 μmol for 24 h and 89.4 ± 11.4 μmol in 48 h, whereas in preadipocytes was 87.6 ± 9.5 μmol and 72.4 ± 5.6 μmol in 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Hesperetin treatment (5, 10, and 20 μmol) to adipogenesis‐induced hMSCs (Group 1) and preadipocytes (Group 2) resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) increased lipolysis. The treatment with hesperetin decreased the expression of resistin, adiponectin, aP2, LPL, PPAR‐γ, and TNF‐α in Groups 1 and 2, whereas a significant increase was observed in Bcl, Bax, and p21 expression in Group 2 compared to untreated preadipocytes. hMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium along with hesperetin significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and increased the proapoptotic gene expression levels in preadipocyte. Our result indicates the antiadipogenic and adipolysis effects of hesperetin.
Purification and Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase from Ağrı Balık Lake Trout Gill (Salmo trutta labrax) and Effects of Sulfonamides on Enzyme Activity
Authors: Demirdag Ramazan , Comakli Veysal , Kuzu Muslum , Yerlikaya Emrah , Şentürk Murat 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTCarbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified from Ağrı Balık Lake trout gill (fCA) by affinity chromatography on a sepharose 4B‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide column. The fCA enzyme was purified with about a 303.9 purification factor, a specific activity 4130.4 EU (mg‐protein)–1, and a yield of 79.3 by using sepharose‐4B‐l tyrosine‐sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. The molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) was found to be about 29.9 kDa. The kinetic parameters, KM and Vmax were determined for the 4‐nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis reaction. Some sulfonamides were tested as inhibitors against the purified CA enzymes. The Ki constants for mafenide (1), p‐toluenesulfonamide (2), 2‐bromo‐benzene sulfonamide (3), 4‐chlorobenzene sulfonamide (4), 4‐amino‐6‐chloro‐1–3 benzenedisulfonamide (5), sulfamethazine (6), sulfaguanidine (7), sulfadiazine (8), and acetozazolamide (9) were in the range of 7.5–108.75 μM.
Sociosexual investigation in sexually experienced, hormonally manipulated male leopard geckos: Relation with phosphorylated DARPP‐32 in dopaminergic pathways
Authors: Huang Victoria , Hemmings Hugh C. , Crews David 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTDopaminergic activity is both associated with sociosexual exposure and modulated by sexual experience and hormonal state across vertebrate taxa. Mature leopard geckos, a reptile with temperature‐dependent sex determination, have dopaminoceptive nuclei that are influenced by their embryonic environment and sensitive to adult hormonal manipulation. In this study, we exposed hormonally manipulated male leopard geckos from different incubation temperatures to conspecifics and measured their sociosexual investigation, as well as phosphorylated DARPP‐32 at Threonine 34 (pDARPP‐32) immunoreactivity as a marker for D1 dopamine receptor activity in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, and preoptic area. Social investigation time by males of different incubation temperatures was modulated in opposite directions by exogenous androgen treatment. Males exposed to novel stimuli spent a greater proportion of time investigating females of different incubation temperatures. The time spent investigating females was positively correlated to pDARPP‐32 immunoreactivity in the preoptic area. This is the first study quantifying pDARPP‐32 in a lizard species, and suggests the protein as a potential marker to measure differences in the dopaminergic pathway in a social setting with consideration of embryonic environment and hormonal state. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 595–602, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delineation of the climatic rainfall regions of South Korea based on a multivariate analysis and regional rainfall frequency analyses
Authors: Nam Woosung , Shin Hongjoon , Jung Younghun , Joo Kyungwon , Heo Jun‐Haeng 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTRegional frequency analysis (RFA) may provide more accurate estimates of rainfall quantiles than at‐site frequency analysis (ASFA), especially in regions with short records. In this study, RFA is applied to 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, 12‐, 15‐, 18‐, 24‐, and 48‐h annual maximum rainfall series at 67 sites in South Korea. Procrustes analysis is used to select 33 rainfall‐related and geographical variables that represent most of the statistical information from among 42 candidate variables. Both factor analysis and cluster analysis, such as fuzzy c‐means (FCM) and Ward's method, are used to identify the homogeneous regions, and five regions are identified through heterogeneity measures. It is found that FCM‐based regions are more appropriate to the precipitation in South Korea in terms of the homogeneity of the identified regions. To investigate the effectiveness of FCM‐based regions, region‐of‐influence approach was applied. It is shown that the spatial pattern of rainfall is affected by main mountain ranges, the prevailing Westerlies, and the proximity of the coast. Six distributions are applied, and the generalized extreme value distribution is selected as the best‐fit distribution from goodness‐of‐fit measures. RFAs, such as the index flood method (IFM) and regional shape estimation based on the regional L‐moments algorithm, are applied to determine the growth curves of regions. Using Monte‐Carlo simulations, it is concluded that RFA is more accurate than ASFA for the annual maximum rainfall data of South Korea. The IFM provides more accurate estimates than regional shape estimation in homogeneous regions, while regional shape estimation is more appropriate for use in heterogeneous regions and in homogeneous regions with a lower L‐CV (coefficient of L‐variation) and for the estimation of quantiles in higher tails over a 100‐year return period for the applied data.
β‐Alanine as a factor influencing the content of bioactive dipeptides in muscles of Hubbard Flex chickens
Authors: Łukasiewicz Monika , Puppel Kamila , Kuczyńska Beata , Kamaszewski Maciej , Niemiec Jan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of various doses of β‐alanine administered in feed mixtures and of heat treatment on changes in the contents of dipeptides anserine and carnosine in meat of fast‐growing Hubbard Flex chickens.RESULTSThe study demonstrated a significant effect of dietary administration of β‐alanine on anserine content in breast muscles and on carnosine content in leg muscles of the chickens. A successive increase in dipeptide content was observed with increasing β‐alanine content in the feed mixture. As a result of heat treatment, a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase was observed in the anserine content of both breast and leg muscles: over twofold higher anserine content was detected in heat‐treated muscles compared with raw muscles. The study showed that interesting effects might occur during β‐alanine administration to feed mixtures for chickens, especially including increased contents of anserine and carnosine in skeletal muscles of the birds.CONCLUSIONTaking into account the well‐documented health‐promoting effect of histidine dipeptides and possibilities of increasing their contents in the body by supplementation with β‐alanine, anserine and carnosine might be considered as potential components of functional foods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving l‐dopa therapy: The development of enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Gershanik Oscar S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe introduction of levodopa produced a monumental change in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Limitations in its bioavailability and tolerability led to the search for drugs that could improve its pharmacokinetics and safety profile. Dopa‐decarboxylase inhibitors were the first such drugs that were developed, and their use in combination with l‐dopa has become standard practice. Increasing knowledge on the metabolism of l‐dopa allowed the identification of additional targets for intervention in an attempt to improve the symptomatic efficacy of l‐dopa. Monoamineoxidase inhibitors, enhancing the central bioavailability of dopamine by blocking its metabolism, were the next step, and despite controversies regarding their efficacy, they have remained as valuable adjuncts to l‐dopa in the treatment of PD. More recently, the introduction of potent, selective catechol‐O‐methyl transferase inhibitors have found their place in the therapeutic armamentarium of PD and are prescribed in combination with l‐dopa to prolong the duration of its action. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An Optimized Encoding Scheme for Planning Vessel‐Encoded Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labeling
Authors: Berry Eleanor S. K. , Jezzard Peter , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeVessel‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling allows the acquisition of vessel‐selective angiograms and vascular territory perfusion maps. The technique generates a periodic variation in inversion efficiency across space that can be manipulated to encode specific combinations of vessels. Currently, the choice of these encodings is limited to scenarios with few vessels and may not optimize the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Here we present an automated, rapid method for calculating a minimal number of SNR optimal encodings for any number and arrangement of vessels.Theory and MethodsThe proposed optimized encoding scheme (OES) is a Fourier‐based method that finds SNR optimized encodings to best match the ideal encodings for a set of vessels. For nine or fewer vessels, the calculation takes less than 3 s.ResultsIn simulations, the OES method produces encodings for a range of vessel geometries that, on average, have an SNR efficiency 37% greater than that for random encoding. When labeling vessels in the neck in healthy subjects, the OES encodings result in images with higher SNR than other encoding methods.ConclusionThe OES results in a minimal number of encodings with a higher SNR efficiency than other encoding methods, regardless of the number or geometry of the vessels. Magn Reson Med 74:1248–1256, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society of Medicine in Resonance.
Impaired alveolarization and intra‐uterine growth restriction in rats: a postnatal genome‐wide analysis
Authors: Zana‐Taieb E , Pham H , Franco‐Montoya ML , Jacques S , Letourneur F , Baud O , Jarreau PH , Vaiman D 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR) dramatically increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm babies, a disease characterized by arrested alveolarization and abnormal microvascular angiogenesis. We have previously described a rodent low protein diet (LPD) model of IUGR inducing impaired alveolarization, but failed to demonstrate any modification of the classical factors involved in lung development. We performed a genome‐wide microarray analysis in 120 rat pups with LPD‐induced IUGR and their controls, at three key time points of the alveolarization process: postnatal day 4 (P4): start of alveolarization; P10: peak of the alveolarization process and P21: end of the alveolarization process. Results were analysed using Arraymining, DAVID and KEGG software and validated by qRT–PCR and western blots. Considering a cut‐off of 2:1 as significant, 67 transcripts at P4, 102 transcripts at P10 and 451 transcripts at P21 were up‐regulated, and 89 transcripts at P4, 25 transcripts at P10 and 585 transcripts at P21 were down‐regulated. Automatic functional classification identified three main modified pathways, 'cell adhesion molecules', 'cardiac muscle contraction' and 'peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor' (PPAR). Protein analysis confirmed involvement of the PPAR pathway, with an increase of FABP4, an activator of this pathway, at P4 and an increase of adiponectin at P21. Other data also suggest involvement of the PPAR pathway in impaired alveolarization. Our results show that deregulation of the PPAR pathway may be an important component of the mechanism inducing impaired alveolarization observed in IUGR. The complete dataset is available as GEO profiles on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (
www.ncbi.nih.gov/geo/, GEO Accession No. GSE56956). Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Certificateless and certificate‐based signatures from lattices
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Huang Liusheng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCertificateless signature and certificate‐based signature are two attractive replacements of regular signature and identity‐based signature because they can alleviate the vexing certificate management problem in regular signatures and can also eliminate the inherent key escrow problem in identity‐based signatures. Although a number of certificateless signatures and certificate‐based signatures from bilinear pairings have been proposed, their lattice‐based counterparts still remain unrealized. In this paper, we present the first constructions of certificateless signature and certificate‐based signature from lattices. Both constructions are proven to be secure in the random oracle model under conventional small integer solution assumption that is as hard as approximating several standard lattice problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping QTL for chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters at seedling stage as indicators of heat tolerance in wheat
Authors: Azam Farooq i , Chang Xiaoping , Jing Ruilian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHigh temperature or heat stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affect wheat production in almost every part of the world. Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (PCFKs) are the most powerful and reliable characters available to understand the impact of various abiotic stresses on plant physiological processes and heat tolerance. The present research was aimed to identify genomic regions controlling PCFKs at early growth stages of wheat through quantitative trait loci analysis by applying heat stress for different duration of time. A doubled haploid population derived from the cross of two Chinese wheat cultivars Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14 was exposed to 38 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of heat stress and PCFKs (initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II) were measured. A total of 37 QTLs were identified for the target traits, among which 13 were detected under normal temperature of 25 °C and the remaining 24 under the stressful temperature of 38 °C. Stable or consistently expressed QTLs for initial, maximum and variable fluorescence were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 4A and 7D. In addition, 24 QTLs were clustered in 9 clusters on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 5A and 7D. These QTL hot spot regions along with stable QTLs should be targeted for better understanding the genetic basis of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters in future mapping studies.
A functional‐trait approach reveals community diversity and assembly processes responses to flood disturbance in a subtropical wetland
Authors: Fu Hui , Zhong Jiayou , Yuan Guixiang , Guo Chunjing , Ding Huijun , Feng Qian , Fu Qun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the strong effects of disturbance on plant community diversity and assembly, we do not fully understand how different aspects of taxonomic or functional diversity respond to disturbance or how different assembly processes change along a disturbance gradient. In this study, plant communities were sampled and the distributions of three functional traits were measured in 45 plots across a flood disturbance gradient in Poyang Lake wetland in China. We examined the within‐community means, ranges, variances, kurtoses, and other parameters of trait values. Results showed that the effects of disturbance depended largely on the aspects of diversity considered. Along the flood disturbance gradient, taxonomic/functional richness did not change, while Shannon–Wiener diversity and evenness and functional evenness and dispersion showed significant unimodal patterns. Communities experiencing the highest disturbance levels tended to have significantly shorter shoot heights with lower specific leaf area (SLA). We also found a significant non‐random functional trait distribution: a significant reduction in the range and variance of SLA and a more even distribution of the measured traits compared with the null model. Our results highlight that niche‐based assembly processes play structuring roles in wetland plant community response to flood disturbance gradients and that both environmental filtering and limiting similarity can work on the same traits (e.g., SLA) through hierarchical effects on the distribution of functional traits within communities.