bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRAP study—partial versus radical adrenalectomy in hereditary pheochromocytomas
Authors: Xu Kai , Langenhuijsen Johan F , Viëtor Charlotte L , Feelders Richard A , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Elhassan Yasir S , Bioletto Fabio , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Zandee Wouter T , Kruijff Schelto , Backman Samuel , Åkerström Tobias , Pamporaki Christina , Bechmann Nicole , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte , Canu Letizia , Steenaard Rebecca V , Driessens Natacha , Velema Marieke , Dreijerink Koen M A , Engelsman Anton F , Timmers Henri J L M , de Laat Joanne M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Hereditary pheochromocytoma (hPCC) commonly develops bilaterally, causing adrenal insufficiency when standard treatment, radical adrenalectomy (RA), is performed. Partial adrenalectomy (PA) aims to preserve adrenal function, but with higher recurrence rates. This study compares outcomes of PA versus RA in hPCC.

Methods
Patients with hPCC due to pathogenic variants in RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, and TMEM127 from 12 European centers (1974–2023) were studied retrospectively. Stratified analysis based on surgery type and initial presentation was conducted. The main outcomes included recurrence, adrenal insufficiency, metastasis, and mortality.

Results
The study included 256 patients (223 RA, 33 PA). Ipsilateral recurrence rates were 9/223 (4%) after RA versus 5/33 (15%) after PA (P = 0.02). Metastasis and mortality did not differ between groups. Overall, 103 patients (40%) underwent bilateral adrenalectomy either synchronously or metachronously (75 RA, 28 PA). Of these, 46% developed adrenal insufficiency after PA.
In total, 191 patients presented with initial unilateral disease, of whom 50 (26%) developed metachronous contralateral disease, most commonly in RET, VHL, and MAX. In patients with metachronous bilateral disease, adrenal insufficiency developed in 3/4 (75%) when PA was performed as the first operation followed by RA, compared to 1/7 (14%) when PA was performed as the second operation after prior RA (P = 0.09).

Conclusion
In patients with hPCC undergoing PA, local recurrence rates are higher than after RA, but metastasis and disease-specific mortality are similar. Therefore, PA seems a safe method to preserve adrenal function in patients with hPCC, in cases of both synchronous and metachronous bilateral disease, when performed as a second operation.
Coping with extreme heat: current exposure and implications for the future
Authors: Weitz Charles A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A preview of how effective behavioral, biological and technological responses might be in the future, when outdoor conditions will be at least 2°C hotter than current levels, is available today from studies of individuals already living in extreme heat. In areas where high temperatures are common—particularly those in the hot and humid tropics—several studies report that indoor temperatures in low-income housing can be significantly hotter than those outdoors. A case study indicates that daily indoor heat indexes in almost all the 123 slum dwellings monitored in Kolkata during the summer were above 41°C (106°F) for at least an hour. Economic constraints make it unlikely that technological fixes, such as air conditioners, will remedy conditions like these—now or in the future. People without access to air conditioning will have to rely on behavioral adjustments and/or biological/physiological acclimatization. One important unknown is whether individuals who have lived their entire lives in hot environments without air conditioning possess natural levels of acclimatization greater than those indicated by controlled laboratory studies. Answering questions about the future will require more studies of heat conditions experienced by individuals, more information on indoor versus outdoor heat conditions, and a greater understanding of the behavioral and biological adjustments made by people living today in extremely hot conditions.
T and Z, partial seed coat patterning genes in common bean, provide insight into the structure and protein interactions of a plant MBW complex
Authors: McClean Phillip E , Roy Jayanta , Colbert Christopher L , Osborne Caroline , Lee Rian , Miklas Phillip N , Osorno Juan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites associated with plant seed coat and flower color. These compounds provide health benefits to humans as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. The expression of the late biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid pathway is controlled by a ternary MBW protein complex consisting of interfacing MYB, beta-helix–loop–helix (bHLH), and WD40 Repeat (WDR) proteins. P, the master regulator gene of the flavonoid expression in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), was recently determined to encode a bHLH protein. The T and Z genes control the distribution of color in bean seeds and flowers and have historically been considered regulators of the flavonoid gene expression. T and Z candidates were identified using reverse genetics based on genetic mapping, phylogenetic analysis, and mutant analysis. Domain and AlphaFold2 structure analyses determined that T encodes a seven-bladed β-propeller WDR protein, while Z encodes a R2R3 MYB protein. Deletions and SNPs in T and Z mutants, respectively, altered the 3D structure of these proteins. Modeling of the Z MYB/P bHLH/T WDR MBW complex identified interfacing sequence domains and motifs in all three genes that are conserved in dicots. One Z MYB motif is a possible beta-molecular recognition feature (β-MoRF) that only appears in a structured state when Z MYB is modeled as a component of a MBW complex. Complexes containing mutant T and Z proteins changed the interaction of members of the complex in ways that would alter their role in regulating the expression of genes in the flavonoid pathway.
Neurogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Poole Richard J , Flames Nuria , Cochella Luisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Animals rely on their nervous systems to process sensory inputs, integrate these with internal signals, and produce behavioral outputs. This is enabled by the highly specialized morphologies and functions of neurons. Neuronal cells share multiple structural and physiological features, but they also come in a large diversity of types or classes that give the nervous system its broad range of functions and plasticity. This diversity, first recognized over a century ago, spurred classification efforts based on morphology, function, and molecular criteria. Caenorhabditis elegans, with its precisely mapped nervous system at the anatomical level, an extensive molecular description of most of its neurons, and its genetic amenability, has been a prime model for understanding how neurons develop and diversify at a mechanistic level. Here, we review the gene regulatory mechanisms driving neurogenesis and the diversification of neuron classes and subclasses in C. elegans. We discuss our current understanding of the specification of neuronal progenitors and their differentiation in terms of the transcription factors involved and ensuing changes in gene expression and chromatin landscape. The central theme that has emerged is that the identity of a neuron is defined by modules of gene batteries that are under control of parallel yet interconnected regulatory mechanisms. We focus on how, to achieve these terminal identities, cells integrate information along their developmental lineages. Moreover, we discuss how neurons are diversified postembryonically in a time-, genetic sex-, and activity-dependent manner. Finally, we discuss how the understanding of neuronal development can provide insights into the evolution of neuronal diversity.
The genetic architecture of polygenic local adaptation and its role in shaping barriers to gene flow
Authors: Zwaenepoel Arthur , Sachdeva Himani , Fraïsse Christelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider how the genetic architecture underlying locally adaptive traits determines the strength of a barrier to gene flow in a mainland-island model. Assuming a general life cycle, we derive an expression for the effective migration rate when local adaptation is due to genetic variation at many loci under directional selection on the island, allowing for arbitrary fitness and dominance effects across loci. We show how the effective migration rate can be combined with classical single-locus diffusion theory to accurately predict multilocus differentiation between the mainland and island at migration–selection–drift equilibrium and determine the migration rate beyond which local adaptation collapses, while accounting for genetic drift and weak linkage. Using our efficient numerical tools, we then present a detailed study of the effects of dominance on barriers to gene flow, showing that when total selection is sufficiently strong, more recessive local adaptation generates stronger barriers to gene flow. We then study how heterogeneous genetic architectures of local adaptation affect barriers to gene flow, characterizing adaptive differentiation at migration–selection balance for different distributions of fitness effects. We find that a more heterogeneous genetic architecture generally yields a stronger genome-wide barrier to gene flow and that the detailed genetic architecture underlying locally adaptive traits can have an important effect on observable differentiation when divergence is not too large. Lastly, we study the limits of our approach as loci become more tightly linked, showing that our predictions remain accurate over a large biologically relevant domain.
TooManyCellsInteractive: A visualization tool for dynamic exploration of single-cell data
Authors: Klamann Conor , Lau Christie J , Ruiz-Ramírez Javier , Schwartz Gregory W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
As single-cell sequencing technologies continue to advance, the growing volume and complexity of the ensuing data present new analytical challenges. Large cellular populations from single-cell atlases are more difficult to visualize and require extensive processing to identify biologically relevant subpopulations. Managing these workflows is also laborious for technical users and unintuitive for nontechnical users.

Results
We present TooManyCellsInteractive (TMCI), a browser-based JavaScript application for interactive exploration of cell populations. TMCI provides an intuitive interface to visualize and manipulate a radial tree representation of hierarchical cell subpopulations and allows users to easily overlay, filter, and compare biological features at multiple resolutions. Here we describe the software architecture and demonstrate how we used TMCI in a pan-cancer analysis to identify unique survival pathways among drug-tolerant persister cells.

Conclusions
TMCI will facilitate exploration and visualization of large-scale sequencing data in a user-friendly way. TMCI is freely available at https://github.com/schwartzlab-methods/too-many-cells-interactive. An example tree from data within this article is available at https://tmci.schwartzlab.ca/.
RNAVirHost: a machine learning–based method for predicting hosts of RNA viruses through viral genomes
Authors: Chen Guowei , Jiang Jingzhe , Sun Yanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The high-throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of novel RNA viruses. Given that viruses are infectious agents, identifying hosts of these new viruses carries significant implications for public health and provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the microbiome. However, determining the hosts of these newly discovered viruses is not always straightforward, especially in the case of viruses detected in environmental samples. Even for host-associated samples, it is not always correct to assign the sample origin as the host of the identified viruses. The process of assigning hosts to RNA viruses remains challenging due to their high mutation rates and vast diversity.

Results
In this study, we introduce RNAVirHost, a machine learning–based tool that predicts the hosts of RNA viruses solely based on viral genomes. RNAVirHost is a hierarchical classification framework that predicts hosts at different taxonomic levels. We demonstrate the superior accuracy of RNAVirHost in predicting hosts of RNA viruses through comprehensive comparisons with various state-of-the-art techniques. When applying to viruses from novel genera, RNAVirHost achieved the highest accuracy of 84.3%, outperforming the alignment-based strategy by 12.1%.

Conclusions
The application of machine learning models has proven beneficial in predicting hosts of RNA viruses. By integrating genomic traits and sequence homologies, RNAVirHost provides a cost-effective and efficient strategy for host prediction. We believe that RNAVirHost can greatly assist in RNA virus analyses and contribute to pandemic surveillance.
Consensus Statement on Managing Anxiety and Depression in Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hinnant Laurie , Rios Villacorta Nicholas , Chen Eliza , Bacchus Donna , Dotson Jennifer , Greywoode Ruby , Keefer Laurie , Lupe Stephen , Maggs Leah , Meek Garrett , Szigethy Eva , Tomasino Kathryn , Ehrlich Orna G , Ehle Sylvia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Studies have found a higher risk of comorbid anxiety and depression among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with healthy individuals. If left untreated, comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with IBD can lead to poorer health outcomes and an increased healthcare utilization. The goal of this work was to develop a consensus statement to begin to address patient and provider needs and responsibilities related to screening and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with IBD.

Methods
A literature scan was conducted to gather evidence-based background information and recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with IBD. This was followed by the engagement of a panel of IBD and mental health experts and patient advocates using a modified Delphi process to synthesize the literature and distill the information into a core set of statements to support provider actions and care delivery.

Results
Six statements were distilled from the literature and consensus process that link to the general management, screening, and treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with IBD.

Conclusions
Mental healthcare and support for IBD patients is critical; the statements included in this article represent practical considerations for IBD healthcare professionals in addressing key issues on provider awareness, knowledge and behaviors, screening and treatment resources, and patient education.
Spines and Inclines: Bioinspired Spines on an Insect-Scale Robot Facilitate Locomotion on Rough and Inclined Terrain
Authors: Hernandez Alyssa M , Schiebel Perrin E , Shum Jennifer , Wood Robert J 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
To navigate complex terrains, insects use diverse tarsal structures (adhesive pads, claws, spines) to reliably attach to and locomote across substrates. This includes surfaces of variable roughness and inclination, which often require reliable transitions from ambulatory to scansorial locomotion. Using bioinspired physical models as a means for comparative research, our study specifically focused on the diversity of tarsal spines, which facilitate locomotion via frictional engagement and shear force generation. For spine designs, we took inspiration from ground beetles (family: Carabidae), which is a largely terrestrial group known for their quick locomotion. Evaluating four different species, we found that the hind legs host linear rows of rigid spines along the entire tarsus. By taking morphometric measurements of the spines, we highlighted parameters of interest (e.g., spine angle and aspect ratio) in order to test their relationship to shear forces sustained during terrain interactions. We systematically evaluated these parameters using spines cut from stainless steel shim attached to a small acrylic sled loaded with various weights. The sled was placed on 3D-printed models of rough terrain, randomly generated using fractal Brownian motion, while a motorized pulley system applied force to the spines. A force sensor measured the reaction force on the terrain, recording shear force before failure occurred. Initial shear tests highlighted the importance of spine angle, with bioinspired anisotropic designs producing higher shear forces. Using these data, we placed the best (50° angle) and worst (90° angle) performing spines on the legs of our insect-scale ambulatory robot physical model. We then tested the robot on various surfaces at 0°, 10°, and 20° inclines, seeing similar success with the more bioinspired spines.
The normative development of laws on asset preservation and confiscation: An examination of emerging best practices
Authors: Borlini Leonardo , Rose Cecily 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The practice of international asset recovery appears to be in the process of moving beyond the provisions contained in the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). These provisions were negotiated twenty years ago, and are now insufficient given the serious contemporary challenges involved in tracing, preserving, confiscating, and returning assets. This article focuses on the limitations of UNCAC’s provisions concerning the preservation and confiscation of foreign assets. These limitations, and the need for progressive development, appear to have been recognized by the UNCAC Review Mechanism, which monitors the implementation of UNCAC by states parties. The Review Mechanism has begun encouraging states parties to adopt “good practices” that go beyond UNCAC’s minimum requirements. In doing so, however, the Review Mechanism has not offered guidance on how exactly states parties ought to go about implementing the best practices that they have identified. The asset recovery laws of Canada, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom demonstrate the need for further consideration of how domestic asset recovery laws ought to be developed. These laws highlight some of the difficult issues raised by more flexible, informal, and rapid forms of international cooperation in the asset recovery context. In particular, they underscore the challenges involved in balancing the general, public interest in combating corruption and recovering stolen assets with respect for and protection of human rights.
Short-term power grid load forecasting based on VMD-SE-Bilstm-Attention hybrid model
Authors: Zhong Bin , Yang Liu , Li Bingruo , Ji Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Short-term power load forecasting helps to maintain the equilibrium between the generation and consumption of power, and is also directly related to the supply and demand balance with regard to the power grid and operating costs, thus ensuring the reliable and effective functioning of the electric power system. The traditional single prediction method has poor fitting effect in the face of non-smooth, non-linear fluctuations in the load sequence, resulting in low prediction precision. It is imperative that the aforementioned issues are addressed. This paper puts forth a proposal of a combined prediction method based on the variable modal decomposition combined with the sample entropy and the attention mechanism of the bidirectional long- and short-term memory network. At the beginning of the whole, the VMD is used to decompose the original power sequence into multiple sub-sequences and into components with different frequencies, then the SE values of the original load and modal components are compared and reconstructed into smooth and fluctuating components to reduce the scale of the operation. The different modes are predicted separately by the Bilstm network with consideration of the affecting parameters such as temperature, weather, humidity, and data type, and finally combined with the Attention Mechanism to further explore the correlation within the data to reconstruct and sum the predicted different modal components as the prediction result. Experiments were produced to contrast the prediction results of different models with the actual load of a regional electricity market in the southwestern United States; the models in this paper all achieved better prediction results.
Can competition law save democracy? Reflections on democracy’s tech-driven decline and how to stop it
Authors: Ezrachi Ariel , Robertson Viktoria H S E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Digital technologies and platforms have brought a much-needed plurality to communications and the press, but have also opened the door to increased manipulation, misinformation, and distortion in the marketplace of ideas. The worrying erosion of citizens’ autonomy has progressively intensified with the evolution of certain business models. This article explores the ways in which the digital economy contributes to distortion of information, and the role competition law may play in safeguarding democracy.
Biochemical characterizations of the central fragment of human Reelin and identification of amino acid residues involved in its secretion
Authors: Kohno Takao , Nakagawa Ikuma , Taniguchi Airi , Heng Fang , Hattori Mitsuharu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Secreted protein Reelin is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and its supplementation ameliorates neurological symptoms in mouse disease models. Recombinant human Reelin protein may be useful for the treatment of human diseases, but its properties remain uncharacterized. Here, we report that full-length human Reelin was well secreted from transfected cells and was able to induce Dab1 phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, the central fragment of human Reelin was much less secreted than that of mouse Reelin. Three residues in the sixth Reelin repeat contributed to the secretion inefficiency, and their substitutions with mouse residues increased the secretion without affecting its biological activity. Our findings help efficient production of human Reelin protein for the supplementation therapy.