bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variability of the main components in essential oil of Mentha × piperita L.
Authors: Grulova Daniela , De Martino Laura , Mancini Emilia , Salamon Ivan , De Feo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMentha × piperita is an important and commonly used flavoring plant worldwide. Its constituents, primarily menthol and menthone, change in the essential oil depending on internal and external factors, of which environmental conditions appear very important. The experiment was established in 2010 for three vegetation season, in order to observe the quantitative changes of the main components of peppermint. The determination of menthol, menthone, limonene, menthyl acetate, menthofuran and β‐caryophyllene was registered.RESULTSIn the experimental season 2011 and 2012 a higher mean temperature than in 2010 and extreme rainfall in July 2011 and 2012 were recorded. Different environmental conditions affected the development of M. × piperita plants and the content and composition of the essential oil.CONCLUSIONSeasonal and maturity variations are interlinked with each other, because the specific ontogenic growth stage differed as the season progressed. Fluctuations in monthly and seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns affected the quality of peppermint essential oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes in the management of adult soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Kneisl Jeffrey S. , Coleman Michelle M. , Raut Chandrajit P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdult soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are heterogeneous neoplasms that account for 11,410 new diagnoses and 4,390 deaths per year. This article summarizes recent NCCN guidelines for diagnosis and management of STSs of the extremities and retroperitoneum, as well as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). AJCC staging and recently reported NCDB data regarding outcomes are reviewed. Currently accepted STS prognostic variables are presented, as are future directions regarding the utility of molecular prognosticators and nomograms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:527–538. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after pancreatoduodenectomy is closely associated with postoperative pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
Authors: Nakagawa Naoya , Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Kondo Naru , Sasaki Hayato , Okano Keisuke , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIn recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has become increasingly problematic. Our aims were to clarify the relationship between NAFLD and postoperative pancreatic exocrine function and to identify the risk factors for NAFLD after PD.MethodsPatients who underwent PD (n = 104) were assessed with abdominal unenhanced computed tomography (CT) to determine the fatty liver changes and were given a 13C‐labeled mixed triglyceride breath test to measure pancreatic exocrine function. The percent 13CO2 cumulative dose at 7 hr (% dose 13C cum 7 hr) <5% was considered diagnostic for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Relationships between the occurrence of NAFLD and clinical factors including postoperative pancreatic exocrine function were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐six of 104 patients (25%) developed postoperative NAFLD. The postoperative CT attenuation of the liver (R = 0.326, P < 0.001) and the liver‐to‐spleen attenuation ratio (R = 0.315, P = 0.001) significantly correlated with the postoperative values of % dose 13C cum 7 hr. Multivariate analysis determined that postoperative PEI was the only independent risk factor for NAFLD (P = 0.025).ConclusionsNAFLD frequently occurs postoperatively after PD. NAFLD after PD may be closely associated with postoperative PEI. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:720–726. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating effects of sample pretreatment on protein stability using size‐exclusion chromatography and high‐resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Rakow Tobias , El Deeb Sami , Hahne Thomas , El‐Hady Deia Abd , AlBishri Hassan M. , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: June 2014

In this study, size‐exclusion chromatography and high‐resolution atomic absorption spectrometry methods have been developed and evaluated to test the stability of proteins during sample pretreatment. This especially includes different storage conditions but also adsorption before or even during the chromatographic process. For the development of the size exclusion method, a Biosep S3000 5 μm column was used for investigating a series of representative model proteins, namely bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody, and myoglobin. Ambient temperature storage was found to be harmful to all model proteins, whereas short‐term storage up to 14 days could be done in an ordinary refrigerator. Freezing the protein solutions was always complicated and had to be evaluated for each protein in the corresponding solvent. To keep the proteins in their native state a gentle freezing temperature should be chosen, hence liquid nitrogen should be avoided. Furthermore, a high‐resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry method was developed to observe the adsorption of proteins on container material and chromatographic columns. Adsorption to any container led to a sample loss and lowered the recovery rates. During the pretreatment and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography, adsorption caused sample losses of up to 33%.
Development of a Joule‐class Yb:YAG amplifier and its implementation in a CPA system generating 1 TW pulses
Authors: Wandt Christoph , Klingebiel Sandro , Keppler Sebastian , Hornung Marco , Loeser Markus , Siebold Mathias , Skrobol Christoph , Kessel Alexander , Trushin Sergei A. , Major Zsuzsanna , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte C. , Krausz Ferenc , Karsch Stefan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper the development and implementation of a novel amplifier setup as an additional stage for the CPA pump laser of the Petawatt Field Synthesizer, currently developed at the Max‐Planck‐Institute of Quantum Optics, is presented. This amplifier design comprises 20 relay‐imaged passes through the active medium which are arranged in rotational symmetry. As the gain material, an in‐house‐developed Yb:YAG active‐mirror is used. With this setup, stretched 4 ns seed pulses are amplified to output energies exceeding 1 J with repetition rates of up to 2 Hz. Furthermore, a spectral bandwidth of 3.5 nm (FWHM) is maintained during amplification and the compression of the pulses down to their Fourier‐limit of 740 fs is achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 1 TW pulses generated via CPA in diode‐pumped Yb:YAG.
A New Generation of Furanic Copolyesters with Enhanced Degradability: Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐co‐poly(lactic acid) Copolyesters
Authors: Matos Marina , Sousa Andreia F. , Fonseca Ana C. , Freire Carmen S. R. , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Silvestre Armando J. D. 
Published: June 2014

2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid is a promising renewable‐based monomer essentially used in polymer synthesis to prepare renewable‐based counterparts to petrochemical polyesters. In general, they are entirely based on renewable resources and have a myriad of very interesting thermal and mechanical properties; however, this study is the first to tackle their (bio)degradability, a worldwide‐demanded property. To address this demand, an entirely new generation of furandicarboxylate‐derived copolyesters, based on both poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), is developed for the first time. These copolyesters are characterized by several techniques, including attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform IR (ATR‐FTIR), 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and their degradability behavior is evaluated by water‐absorption studies and hydrolytic degradation. They are essentially stiff amorphous polymers possessing high Tgs, e.g., ca. 69 °C for 29% of lactyl units. Importantly, the data show also that they have improved degradability when compared with the PEF homopolyester counterpart.
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Clickable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Based Copolymers Using Azide–Alkyne Click Cycloaddition‐Mediated Step‐Growth Polymerization
Authors: Arslan Mehmet , Gok Ozgul , Sanyal Rana , Sanyal Amitav 
Published: June 2014

The design, synthesis, and post‐polymerization functionalization of linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based polytriazole copolymers containing thiol‐reactive maleimide functional groups as pendant side chains are described. A copper(I)‐catalyzed Huisgen‐type 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction is utilized to prepare copolymers through a combination of diazide‐ and dialkyne‐functionalized triethylene glycol derivatives, along with a dialkyne‐functionalized furan‐protected maleimide‐containing monomer. After the polymerization, a microwave‐assisted retro‐Diels–Alder reaction is utilized to unmask the pendant maleimide groups by removal of the furan moieties. Post‐polymerization modifications of these PEG‐based copolymers containing the furan‐protected maleimide group are accomplished using a photoinitiated radical thiol‐ene reaction, whereas polymers containing the reactive maleimide group are functionalized using the Diels–Alder and nucleophilic thiol‐ene reactions. The nucleophilic thiol‐ene reaction is utilized to fabricate hydrogels by treatment of the maleimide‐containing PEG polymers with dithiol‐containing crosslinkers. Facile functionalization of thus‐obtained hydrogels under mild conditions is demonstrated through the treatment of the residual maleimide groups within the hydrogel with a thiol‐containing fluorescent dye.
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Development of Glassy Step‐Growth Thiol‐Vinyl Sulfone Polymer Networks
Authors: Podgórski Maciej , Chatani Shunsuke , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: June 2014

Thermomechanical properties of neat phosphine‐catalyzed thiol‐Michael networks fabricated in a controlled manner are reported, and a comparison between thiol‐acrylate and thiol‐vinyl sulfone step‐growth networks is performed. When highly reactive vinyl sulfone monomers are used as Michael acceptors, glassy polymer networks are obtained with glass transition temperatures ranging from 30 to 80 °C. Also, the effect of side‐chain functionality on the mechanical properties of thiol‐vinyl sulfone networks is investigated. It is found that the inclusion of thiourethane functionalities, aryl structures, and most importantly the elimination of interchain ester linkages in the networks significantly elevate the network's glass transition temperature as compared with neat ester‐based thiol‐Michael networks.
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Combustion Catalytic Activities of Copper(II) and Lead(II) Salts of p‐Nitrocalix[n]arenes (n=4, 6, 8)
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Wang Chunyan , An Ting , Zhao Fengqi , Fan Xuezhong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSix copper(II) and lead(II) salts of p‐nitrocalix[n]arene (n=4, 6, 8) were synthsized and characterized. The DSC curves of all salts showed exothermic decomposition. Sensitivity studies revealed that all the salts with the exception of the lead salt of p‐nitrocalix[6]arene (NCPb6) are relatively insensitive materials. Investigations of the catalytic activities showed that most of the salts displayed high activities in thermal decomposition of NC‐NG and RDX. As evaluated in this work, the salts enhanced the burning rates of both double base (DB) and RDX‐component modified double base propellants. The best catalytic effect was obtained with NCPb6, which increased the burning rate of the DB propellant to the order of about 200 % (2–6 MPa) and 103–198 % (8–20 MPa) while decreasing the pressure index (n) to 0.22 (20–22 MPa).
Biofumigation with Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa for the management of field populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida
Authors: Ngala Bruno M , Haydock Patrick PJ , Woods Simon , Back Matthew A 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe viability of potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations (Globodera pallida) was evaluated in three field experiments using Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa amendments. These species were summer cultivated and autumn incorporated in experiment 1; in experiment 2, overwintered brassicaceous cover crops were spring incorporated. Experiment 3 involved determination of effects of metconazole application on biomass/glucosinolate production by B. juncea and R. sativus and on PCN pre‐ and post‐incorporation. Glucosinolate contents were determined before incorporation. Following cover crop incorporation, field plots were planted with susceptible potatoes to evaluate the biofumigation effects on PCN reproduction.RESULTSIn experiment 1, PCN population post‐potato harvest was reduced (P = 0.03) in B. juncea‐treated plots, while R. sativus prevented further multiplication, but in experiment 2 there were no significant effects on PCN reproduction. In experiment 3, B. juncea or R. sativus either untreated or treated with metconazole reduced PCN populations. Glucosinolate concentrations varied significantly between different plant regions and cultivation seasons. Metconazole application increased the sinigrin concentration in B. juncea tissues. Glucosinolate concentrations correlated positively with PCN mortality for summer‐cultivated brassicaceous plants.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that B. juncea and R. sativus green manures can play an important role in PCN management, particularly if included in an integrated pest management scheme. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dimer ion formation and intermolecular fragmentation of 1,2‐diacylglycerols revealed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for more comprehensive lipid analysis
Authors: Müller Constanze , Kanawati Basem , Rock Theresa M. , Forcisi Sara , Moritz Franco , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALEThe ionization of neutral diacylglycerols (DAGs) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is challenging compared with other lipid classes which possess ionic head group conjugations. Although ESI‐MS is the method of choice in lipidomic analysis, it is questionable whether all lipid classes can be efficiently ionized by this method. Actually, various lipids were not efficiently detected (due to poor ionization) in many studies which claimed to comprehensively describe lipid profiles. Since neutral lipids are precursors for the biosynthesis of most other lipid classes, the necessity for improved or alternative ionization and identification schemes becomes obvious.METHODSWe identified the 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG) dimer ion formation in the gas phase by ultra‐high‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) in negative electrospray ionization ((−)ESI) mode. The geometry of the dimer ion was investigated by accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d)//B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. Fragmentation of the dimer ions of many investigated DAGs has been achieved via collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments with several elevated collision energies (0–12 eV).RESULTSWe revealed the possibility to ionize neutral DAGs as dimer ions in the negative ESI mode. Quantum mechanical calculations revealed a polar head‐to‐head intermolecular interaction between one charged DAG and one DAG neutral. This represents an energy minimum structure for the DAG dimer ions. We could furthermore detect CID fragmentation product ions that can only result from intermolecular reactions in this head‐to‐head conformation (SN2 nucleophilic substitution reactions inside the dimer DAG ion).CONCLUSIONSHere, we present for the first time the opportunity to ionize and identify DAGs as dimer ions. This new finding provides a new alternative for investigations of important diacylglycerol lipids and provides the opportunity to obtain complementary and more comprehensive results in future lipidomic studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HucMSC-Exosome Mediated-Wnt4 Signaling Is Required for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wang Mei , Gong Aihua , Zhang Xu , Wu Xiaodan , Zhu Yanhua , Shi Hui , Wu Lijun , Zhu Wei , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Ex) play important roles in tissue injury repair, however, the roles of MSC-Ex in skin damage repair and its mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, we examined the benefit of human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosome (hucMSC-Ex) in cutaneous wound healing using a rat skin burn model. We found that hucMSC-Ex-treated wounds exhibited significantly accelerated re-epithelialization, with increased expression of CK19, PCNA, collagen I (compared to collagen III) in vivo. HucMSC-Ex promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of skin cells after heat-stress in vitro. We also discovered that Wnt4 was contained in hucMSC-Ex, and hucMSC-Ex-derived Wnt4 promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation and activity to enhance proliferation and migration of skin cells, which could be reversed by β-catenin inhibitor ICG001. In vivo studies confirmed that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin by hucMSC-Ex played a key role in wound re-epithelialization and cell proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of Wnt4 in hucMSC-Ex abrogated β-catenin activation and skin cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic effects were also inhibited when the expression of Wnt4 in hucMSC-Ex was interfered. In addition, the activation of AKT pathway by hucMSC-Ex was associated with the reduction of heat stress-induced apoptosis in rat skin burn model. Collectively, our findings indicate that exosome-delivered Wnt4 provides new aspects for the therapeutic strategy of MSCs in cutaneous wound healing. Stem Cells 2015;33:2158–2168
Morphine Modulates Mouse Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Lineages by Upregulating miR-181a Level
Authors: Xu Chi , Zhang Yue , Zheng Hui , Loh Horace H. , Law Ping-Yee 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The mechanism by which addictive drugs such as morphine regulate adult neurogenesis remains elusive. We now demonstrate that morphine can regulate neurogenesis by control of miR-181a and subsequent hippocampal neural progenitor cell (hNPC) lineages. In the presence of morphine, hNPCs preferentially differentiated into astrocytes, an effect blocked by the specific μ-opioid receptor antagonist, Cys2-Tyr3-Orn5-Pen7-amide. This effect was mediated by the Prox1/Notch1 pathway as demonstrated by an increase in Notch1 level in the morphine- but not fentanyl-treated hNPCs and blocked by overexpression of Notch1 siRNA. Overexpression of Prox1 siRNA upregulated Notch1 level and potentiated the morphine-induced lineage changes. Prox1 transcript level was regulated by direct interaction between miR-181a and its 3′-UTR sequence. In vitro and in vivo treatment with morphine resulted in an increase in miR-181a level in hNPCs and mouse hippocampi, respectively. Overexpression of miR-181a mimics reduced Prox1 levels, increased Notch1 levels, and enhanced hNPCs differentiation into astrocytes. Meanwhile, overexpression of the miR-181a inhibitor raised Prox1 levels, decreased Notch1 levels, and subsequently blocked the morphine-induced lineage changes. Thus, by modulating Prox1/Notch1 activities via miR-181a, morphine influences the fate of differentiating hNPCs differentiation and therefore the ultimate quantities of mature neurons and astrocytes. Stem Cells 2014;32:2961–2972
Brief Report: Serpin Spi2A as a Novel Modulator of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Formation
Authors: Li Lei , Byrne Susan M. , Rainville Nicole , Su Su , Jachimowicz Edward , Aucher Anne , Davis Daniel M. , Ashton-Rickardt Philip G. , Wojchowski Don M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Prime regulation over hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) production is exerted by hematopoietins (HPs) and their Janus kinase-coupled receptors (HP-Rs). For HP/HP-R studies, one central challenge in determining specific effects involves the delineation of nonredundant signal transduction factors and their lineage restricted actions. Via loss-of-function studies, we define roles for an HP-regulated Serpina3g/Spi2A intracellular serpin during granulomyelocytic, B-cell, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) formation. In granulomyelocytic progenitors, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) strongly induced Serpina3g expression with Stat5 dependency. Spi2A-knockout (KO) led to 20-fold decreased CFU-GM formation, limited GMCSF-dependent granulocyte formation, and compromised neutrophil survival upon tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) exposure. In B-cell progenitors, Serpina3g was an interleukin-7 (IL7) target. Spi2A-KO elevated CFU-preB greater than sixfold and altered B-cell formation in competitive bone marrow transplant (BMT), and CpG challenge experiments. In HSCs, Serpina3g/Spi2A expression was also elevated. Spi2A-KO compromised LT-HSC proliferation (as well as lineageneg Sca1pos Kitpos (LSK) cell lysosomal integrity), and skewed LSK recovery post 5-FU. Spi2A therefore functions to modulate HP-regulated immune cell and HSC formation post-5-FU challenge. Stem Cells 2014;32:2550–2556
Radiographic Interpretation of Distal Radius Fractures: Visual Estimations versus Digital Measuring Techniques
Authors: O'Malley Michael P. , Rodner Craig , Ritting Andrew , Cote Mark P. , Leger Robin , Stock Harlan , Wolf Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose Distal radius fractures are a common injury. In the emergency room, trainees regularly assess these fractures using visual estimation. Our hypothesis is that assessment of radiographic parameters has sufficient accuracy for rendering treatment consistent with formal measurements. Methods This study compared visual measurements made by 25 orthopaedic residents and attending physicians to formal measurements made by a single fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologist in a series of patients with distal radius fractures. A search was performed utilizing the ICD-9 code for distal radius fracture in all patients presenting to a single institution emergency department. Participants used visual estimation to rate 25 radiographs. Parameters estimated included radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt, and the presence of intra-articular displacement. Analysis using Lin concordance coefficients, Bland Altman plots, and the Kappa statistic evaluated the agreement between visual estimation and formal measurements. The proportion of raters whose estimates would have resulted in a course of treatment that conflicted with the formal reading quantified the potential impact of visual estimation on treatment. Results Concordance coefficients were poor for radial inclination (ρc=0.13), radial height (ρc=0.24), and volar tilt (ρc= 0.46). The Kappa statistic for intra-articular displacement was 0.4. Analysis performed according to level of training did not result in substantial improvements in these statistics. Treatment based on visual estimates conflicted with formal readings 34 % of the time for radial inclination, 38 % of the time for radial height, 27 % of the time for volar tilt, and 31 % of the time for intra-articular displacement. Discussion Visual estimation is not an adequate form of measurement for evaluation of patients with distal radius fractures. Physicians should be mindful of these results when developing treatment plans based solely upon visual estimation.