bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of K1 acupoint acustimulation to prevent cisplatin‐induced or oxaliplatin‐induced nausea
Authors: Shen Yehua , Liu Luming , Chiang Joseph S. , Meng Zhiqiang , Garcia M. Kay , Chen Zhen , Peng Huiting , Bei Wenying , Zhao Qi , Spelman Amy R. , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDGreater than 70% of patients with cancer experience chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. In the current study, the authors examined the effects of electrostimulation of the K1 acupoint located on the sole of the foot because it is believed to have the potential to control chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting.METHODSIn this trial, 103 patients diagnosed with primary or metastatic liver cancer were recruited before transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin or oxaliplatin and randomized to either group A (51 patients who were treated with the antiemetic tropisetron and acustimulation at the K1 acupoint for 20 minutes approximately 1 to 2 hours before TAI on the first day and then daily for the subsequent 5 days) or group B (52 patients who were treated with tropisetron and electrostimulation at a placebo point on the heel). The rate, intensity, and duration of nausea and vomiting were collected at baseline and then daily for 5 days after TAI. Quality of life was assessed daily using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and the EuroQoL scale.RESULTSNo differences were found between groups A and B with regard to the incidence and degree of nausea or vomiting on day 1 or the following 5 days. Patients in group A had better EuroQoL scores compared with patients in group B (72.83 in group A vs 65.94 in group B; P =.04) on day 4 but not on the other days. No group differences were noted at any time point for MD Anderson Symptom Inventory scores.CONCLUSIONSElectrostimulation of K1 combined with antiemetics did not result in initial prevention of cisplatin‐induced or oxaliplatin‐induced nausea or vomiting. Cancer 2015;121:84–92. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Methoxyphenol and Dihydrobenzofuran as Oxidizable Labels for Electrochemical Detection of DNA
Authors: Simonova Anna , Balintová Jana , Pohl Radek , Havran Luděk , Fojta Miroslav , Hocek Michal 
Published: September 2014

Abstract4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl (MOP) and 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐5‐yl (DHB) groups were tested as potential new oxidizable labels for electrochemical detection of DNA. The corresponding 5‐aryl‐cytosine and 7‐aryl‐7‐deazaadenine 2′‐deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) were prepared by the Suzuki coupling of halogenated dNTPs or by triphosphorylation of modified nucleosides, and were incorporated enzymatically into DNA by polymerase. In parallel, the electrochemical behavior of the labeled nucleosides, nucleotides, and DNA was studied to show that most of them give analytically useful signals of oxidation on the carbon electrode. Particularly, MOP appears to be a useful oxidizable DNA label since it offers independent detection of the modified DNA.
Mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin: an indicator of the failing Fontan circuit in patients with univentricular hearts?
Authors: Kaiser Ralf , Abdul‐Khaliq Hashim , Wilkens Heinrike , Herrmann Eva , Raedle‐Hurst Tanja M. 
Published: September 2014

AimsIn patients after the Fontan procedure, assessment of a failing Fontan circuit is difficult. Natriuretic peptides failed to be reliable markers of functional status or systemic ventricular function in this patient cohort. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical utility of mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) in patients after the Fontan procedure.Methods and resultsPlasma MR‐proADM levels were measured in 53 patients after the Fontan procedure and compared with clinical status, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters including NT‐proBNP. Median MR‐proADM levels were 0.668 nmol/L in patients with a failing Fontan circuit as compared with 0.357 nmol/L in those without Fontan failure (P = 0.001). Levels of MR‐proADM were significantly related to the presence of Fontan failure (r = 0.444, P = 0.001), NYHA class (r = 0.434, P < 0.001), and γ‐glutamyltransferase levels (r = 0.554, P < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Fontan failure was best predicted by MR‐proADM [area under the curve (AUC) 0.985, P = 0.001], NT‐proBNP (AUC 0.947, P = 0.003), NYHA class (AUC 0.962, P = 0.002), and the inspiratory/expiratory ratio of the inferior vena cava diameter (AUC 0.973, P = 0.007). The optimal cut‐off of MR‐proADM for the prediction of Fontan failure was 0.520 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 57.1%, negative predictive value of 100%, and overall accuracy of 94.3%. However, the data should also be validated in a larger cohort of patients.ConclusionSerial measurements of MR‐proADM levels may help identify patients at risk for a failing Fontan circulation especially when exceeding 0.520 nmol/L. In these patients, intensified medical care should be considered to prevent further clinical deterioration.
Furan‐Modified Spherosilicates as Building Blocks for Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Engel Tom , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOctafunctional spherosilicates were used to prepare self‐healing hybrid materials. The hydrosilation of the octakis(hydridodimethylsiloxy)‐substituted spherosilicate with furfuryl allyl ether generates an inorganic nano‐building‐block that is used to formulate various self‐healing hybrid materials based on a reversible Diels–Alder reaction. Curing with a molecular bismaleimide results in a hard, glassy but reversibly cross‐linkable hybrid material. The reversibility of the curing mechanism allows the preparation of films with a heated press, which also opens the possibility to process the materials by injection molding. Substitution of the molecular cross‐linker with an oligomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) bismaleimide results in an elastomeric material. The kinetics of the Diels–Alder reaction upon cooling after a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction are mainly controlled by the mobility of the cross‐linker within the system.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of N,N‐Disulfonylmethylamines and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Chen Liangshun , Lang Hongyue , Fang Lei , Yu Jianjun , Wang Limin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed approach for the synthesis of biaryl compounds from N,N‐disulfonylmethylamines and arylboronic acids has been developed. Instead of arenesulfonyl chlorides, various N,N‐disulfonylmethylamines were used as the aryl source through extrusion of SO2 to give cross‐coupling products in moderate to good yields.
Deracemization of Quinolonecarboxamides by Dynamic Crystalline Salt Formation and Asymmetric Photoreaction by Using the Frozen Chirality
Authors: Yagishita Fumitoshi , Takagishi Naoya , Ishikawa Hiroki , Kasashima Yoshio , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn asymmetric photoreaction by using chirality provided by dynamic chiral salt formation was demonstrated. Crystallization of racemic 2‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamide and 2‐quinolone‐4‐carboxamide with enantiopure L‐dibenzoyltartaric acid led to deracemization and gave high diastereomeric excess values of the crystalline salts in almost quantitative yield. The axial chirality was retained for a long period of time after the salts were dissolved in cooled solvent. The frozen chirality derived from the chiral salts was effectively transferred to the products by using a typical [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction with alkenes.
A survey of metal profiles in some traditional alcoholic beverages in Nigeria
Authors: Iwegbue Chukwujindu M. A. , Ojelum Anwuli L. , Bassey Francisca I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, K, and Na were determined in some traditional alcoholic beverages (oil palm wine, raphia palm wine, burukutu, pito, ogogoro) consumed in southern Nigeria, with a view to providing information on the dietary intakes of essential metals and exposure of humans to toxic metals. The concentrations of these 13 elements were determined by atomic spectrometry after nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide digestion. The mean concentrations of the metals (mg/L) in the samples ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 for Cd; 0.01 to 0.19 for Pb; nd to 0.11 for Ni, nd to 0.15 for Cr; 0.09 to 0.60 for Cu; 0.01–0.08 for Co; 0.30 to 10.3 for Fe; 0.02 to 3.97 for Mn; 0.12 to 3.84 for Zn; 2.08 to 301.3 for Mg; 2.21 to 49.2 for Ca; 35.05 to 926.1 for K; 6.30–58.1 for Na. The mean concentrations of metals in these alcoholic beverages were below statutory limits for the metals in alcoholic beverages and were similar to concentrations found in other alcoholic beverages in the literature. The estimated daily intakes of metals from the consumption of these alcoholic beverages were less than 2% of the recommended dietary allowance values except for Cd and Pb. The individual and combined metals target hazard quotient values were less than 1 except for raphia palm wine and burukutu. From the estimated target hazard, no long life health concerns of metals are associated with the consumption of these alcoholic beverages.
Side‐Arm Effect of a Methyl α‐d‐Glucopyranoside Based Lariat Ether Catalysts in Asymmetric Syntheses
Authors: Rapi Zsolt , Bakó Péter , Drahos László , Keglevich György 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMethyl α‐d‐glucopyranoside based monoaza‐15‐crown‐5 type lariat ethers with different heteroatom‐containing side arm attached to the nitrogen of the macrocyclic ring have been synthesized. These compounds were used as chiral phase transfer catalysts in a few asymmetric reactions, such as Michael additions, Darzens condensation, and epoxidation of chalcone. The side arms of the macrocycles had a significant impact on the chemical yields and the enantioselectivity. The effect of the lariat ethers with side arms having heteroatom (O, N, and S) was compared with the effect of the analogues having substituents without a heteroatom. The terminal allyl group also generated a significant enantioselectivity (79% enantiomeric excess) in one of the Michael additions. The application of crown ethers with substituents (CH2)3OH or (CH2)3OCH3 leads to the best enantioselectivities 85% and 99%, respectively.
Climate‐informed low‐flow frequency analysis using nonstationary modelling
Authors: Liu Dedi , Guo Shenglian , Lian Yanqing , Xiong Lihua , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStationarity is often assumed for frequency analysis of low flows in water resources management and planning. However, many studies have shown that flow characteristics, particularly the frequency spectrum of extreme hydrologic events, were modified by climate change and human activities. Thus, the conventional frequency analysis that fails to consider the nonstationary characteristics may lead to costly design. The analysis presented in this paper was based on the more than 100 years of daily flow data from the Yichang gauging station 44 km downstream of the Three Gorges Dam. The Mann–Kendall trend test under the scaling hypothesis showed that the annual low flows had a significant monotonic trend, whereas an abrupt change point was identified in 1936 by the Pettitt test. The climate‐informed low‐flow frequency analysis and the divided and combined method were employed to account for the impacts from related climate variables and nonstationarities in annual low flows. Without prior knowledge of the probability density function for the gauging station, six distribution functions including the generalized extreme values (GEV), Pearson Type III, Gumbel, Gamma, Lognormal and Weibull distributions have been tested to find the best fit, in which the local likelihood method is used to estimate the parameters. Analyses show that GEV had the best fit for the observed low flows. This study has also shown that the climate‐informed low‐flow frequency analysis is able to exploit the link between climate indices and low flows, which would account for the dynamic feature for reservoir management and provide more accurate and reliable designs for infrastructure and water supply. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Recent Advances and Current Trends
Authors: Jones John‐Paul , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWith rising levels of CO2 in our atmosphere, technologies capable of converting CO2 into useful products have become more valuable. The field of electrochemical CO2 reduction is reviewed here, with sections on mechanism, formate (formic acid) production, carbon monoxide production, reduction to higher products (methanol, methane, etc.), use of flow cells, high pressure approaches, molecular catalysts, non‐aqueous electrolytes, and solid oxide electrolysis cells. These diverse approaches to electrochemical CO2 reduction are compared and contrasted, emphasizing potential processes that would be feasible for large‐scale use. Although the focus is on recent reports, highlights of older reports are also included due to their important contributions to the field, particularly for high‐rate electrolysis.
Stability of Buffered Benzylpenicillin Solutions for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: McDougall David AJ , McWhinney Brett C 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe stability of benzylpenicillin infusions are temperature and pH dependent. Unbuffered benzylpenicillin solutions lack the stability required for continuous infusions in the outpatient setting.AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the stability of a buffered solution of benzylpenicillin at various temperatures for the purpose of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.MethodBenzylpenicillin was reconstituted with either sodium citrate or water for injection and diluted with sodium chloride 0.9% so as to contain a final concentration of 30–60 mg/mL. The solutions were stored at 3–5°C for 7 days, followed by either 31°C or 37°C for 24 h to replicate the infusion process. The solutions were samples at timed intervals and the benzylpenicillin concentrations were analysed by HPLC.ResultsThe degradation of benzylpenicillin was not dependent upon the initial concentration of the solution in the concentration range studied (P = 0.8), but was dependent on the storage temperature (P = 0.006) and the diluent used (P = 0.01). The results indicate that benzylpenicillin (30–60 mg/mL) buffered with sodium citrate retains approximately 93% (95% confidence interval 91–96) of the original concentration after 7 days storage in a refrigerator (3–5°C) and 24 h at 37°C.ConclusionUsing sodium citrate in the reconstitution process enables the safe and efficacious use of benzylpenicillin for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
Bisphosphonate‐Associated Atypical Femur Fracture
Authors: Nguyen Van T , Sinnollareddy Mahipal G 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundBisphosphonate therapies have long been reported to decrease the risk of typical low trauma fractures in the elderly population and are commonly prescribed for this indication. In recent literature, case reports of atypical sub‐trochanteric and femoral shaft fractures have been documented in patients treated with bisphosphonates.Clinical detailsHerein we report on an 81‐year‐old woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis who presented with an atypical femoral sub‐trochanteric fracture on plain film X‐ray following approximately 5 months for query left hip bursitis after having received risedronate and alendronate therapy for >5 years.OutcomesThe patient was transferred to a hospital closer to home for further rehabilitation 10 days after surgery. Her bisphosphonate therapy was ceased with advice for her general practitioner (GP) to undertake annual bone mineral density testing, as well as regular calcium and vitamin D levels. It was also recommended that the patient be referred to a bone health clinic.ConclusionThe burden of atypical fractures is significant both for the healthcare system and, more importantly, patients. There are now clear radiological changes to bone scans that give rise to the possibility of bisphosphonate‐associated atypical fractures; therefore, it is recommended that patients on long‐term bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis be reviewed every 5 years. In addition, GPs should be informed of the need for surveillance for prodromal symptoms and the possibility of atypical and minimal trauma fractures associated with long‐term bisphosphonate use.
Magnetic nanoparticles‐loaded PLA/PEG microspheres as drug carriers
Authors: Frounchi Masoud , Shamshiri Soodeh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSurface‐modified magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with an average size of 22 nm were prepared. The nanoparticles had a saturation magnetization of 50.7 emu g−1. Then magnetite and drug‐loaded microspheres of poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene glycol) were prepared at various compositions. The microspheres were spherical in shape and had smooth surface. The diameter size of the microspheres ranged between about 0.2 and 4 μm. Doxorubicin hydrochloride for cancer treatment was the drug that loaded into the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized by FTIR, XRD, VSM, SEM and drug‐release measurements. It was found that the drug cumulative release percentage was proportional to (time) n where 0.61 < n < 0.75 depending on PEG and Fe3O4 contents. The drug release was controlled through a combination of diffusion and PLA hydrolysis and obeyed a non‐fickian mechanism. The drug release was facilitated by presence of poly (ethylene glycol) as PLA plasticizer and was higher under applied external magnetic field. The obtained magnetic microspheres could be used as drug carriers for targeted drug delivery purposes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1893–1898, 2015.
Use of polycaprolactone (PCL) as scaffolds for the regeneration of nerve tissue
Authors: Barbarisi Manlio , Marino Gerardo , Armenia Emilia , Vincenzo Quagliariello , Rosso Francesco , Porcelli Marina , Barbarisi Alfonso 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdipose tissue is an easily accessible source of stem cells for use in tissue regenerative medicine. In the literature, different methods have been used to stimulate acquisition of neuronal characteristics by adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC). Herein we study the growth and neuronal differentiation potential of ADSC seeded onto a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that PCL can be used as a scaffold to support reconstruction of new nervous tissue using adipose stem cells. We have previously shown that undifferentiated ADSC adhere and grow on PCL. Herein we show that, after culture on PCL in neuronal differentiation medium, ADSC expressed molecular markers characteristic of neuronal cells (β‐tubulin‐III, Neuron‐Specific Enolase (NSE), Nestin) and secrete brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). This study suggests that PCL can be used as a scaffold to generate nervous tissue in vitro. PLC has excellent mechanical properties and a slow degradation rate. Moreover, on the basis of our results, we propose that PCL could be used for to make in vitro, scaffold coated with neuronal cells derived from Adipose stem cells (ADSC). Neuronal cells‐coated PCL could find several applications to replace damaged area of ​​the body; for example, a possible use could be the generation of nerves. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1755–1760, 2015.
Development of porous polyurethane/strontium‐substituted hydroxyapatite composites for bone regeneration
Authors: Sariibrahimoglu Kemal , Yang Wanxun , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Yang Fang , Wolke Joop G. C. , Zuo Yi , Li Yubao , Jansen John A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) has been widely used for the biomedical applications but its potential for bone regeneration is limited due to its lack of osteoconductive properties. Strontium substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) particles, on the other hand, are known to exhibit a positive effect on bone formation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (i) develop porous polyurethane scaffolds containing strontium SrHA nanoparticles (PU/SrHA) and (ii) compare their in vitro biological performance for applications in bone regeneration to PU scaffolds. SrHA and HA was synthesized using a conventional wet‐chemical neutralization reaction at temperatures of 25, 50, and 80°C. Chemical analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry. Synthesizing temperatures at 25 and at 50°C were selected for the composite preparation (abbreviated as HA‐25, SrHA‐25, HA‐50, and SrHA‐50, respectively). PU was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate, polytetramethylene ether glycol, and 1,4‐butanediol. Composite scaffolds were prepared by addition of HA or SrHA nanoparticles into PU scaffolds during polymer preparation. The results showed that the Sr content in HA nanoparticles increased with increasing synthesis temperature. The addition of nanoparticles decreased the elongation‐at‐break and tensile strength, but significantly increased the surface wettability of the PU scaffolds. In vitro degradation tests demonstrated that release of cations was significantly higher from PU/SrHA‐50 composite scaffolds. Cell culture tests indicated that PU composites containing either HA or SrHA nanoparticles increased proliferation of bone marrow stem cells as compared to plain PU scaffolds, whereas osteogenic differentiation was not affected by the incorporation of HA nanoparticles irrespective of the incorporation of Sr. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1930–1939, 2015.
Protective Effects of Pterostilbene against Acetaminophen‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: El‐Sayed El‐Sayed M. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Nady Mohamed E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of pterostilbene against acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Silymarin was used as a standard hepatoprotective agent. A single dose of acetaminophen (800 mg/kg i.p.), injected to male rats, caused significant increases in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and hepatic contents of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, caspase‐3, hydroxyproline, with significant decreases in serum HDL‐cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, and hepatic activities of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase as compared with the control group. On the other hand, administration of each of pterostilbene (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days before acetaminophen ameliorated liver function and oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological evidence confirmed the protection offered by pterostilbene from the tissue damage caused by acetaminophen. In conclusion, pterostilbene possesses multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions.