bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status, infant feeding practices and early childhood obesity†
Authors: Gibbs B. G. , Forste R. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Children from low socioeconomic households are at greater risk of obesity.
Children predominantly breastfed have a reduced risk of early childhood obesity.
Yet, it is not known how feeding patterns mediate the relationship between social class and obesity.
What this study adds
Based on a nationally representative, longitudinal study of early childhood, this study finds that healthy infant feeding practices, including predominant breastfeeding, mediates the negative association between social class and obesity at 24 months.
BackgroundChildren from low socioeconomic households are at greater risk of obesity. As breastfeeding can protect against child obesity, disadvantaged infants are less likely to breastfeed relative to more advantaged children. Whether infant feeding patterns, as well as other maternal characteristics mediate the association between social class and obesity has not been established in available research.ObjectivesExamine the impact of infant feeding practices on child obesity and identify the mechanisms that link socioeconomic status (SES) with child obesity.MethodsBased on a nationally representative longitudinal survey (ECLS‐B) of early childhood (n = 8030), we examine how breastfeeding practices, the early introduction of solid foods and putting an infant to bed with a bottle mediate the relationship between social class and early childhood obesity relative to the mediating influence of other maternal characteristics (BMI, age at birth, smoking, depression and daycare use).ResultsInfants predominantly fed formula for the first 6 months were about 2.5 times more likely to be obese at 24 months of age relative to infants predominantly fed breast milk. The early introduction of solid foods (< 4 months) and putting the child to bed with a bottle also increased the likelihood of obesity. Unhealthy infant feeding practices were the primary mechanism mediating the relationship between SES and early childhood obesity. Results are consistent across measures of child obesity although the effect size of infant feeding practices varies.ConclusionsThe encouragement and support of breastfeeding and other healthy feeding practices are especially important for low socioeconomic children who are at increased risk of early childhood obesity. Targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers for breastfeeding support and for infant‐led feeding strategies may reduce the negative association between SES and child obesity. The implications are discussed in terms of policy and practice.
Parental perception of child weight: a concept analysis
Authors: Mareno Nicole 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThis article is a report of an analysis of the concept of parental perception of child weight.BackgroundPerception is commonly studied, but lacks a strong conceptual definition. Concept analysis is important in providing a conceptual definition of parental perception of child weight.DesignRodgers's evolutionary view of concept analysis guided this enquiry.Data sourcesA search of multiple nursing and social sciences databases was undertaken, includingCINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, ProQuest, PsychINFO, Medline and SocINDEX.Review methodsData from 2000–2012 related to the concept of interest were reviewed. Fifty‐eight articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Key attributes, antecedent occurrences and consequences of the concept's use were identified. Thematic analysis revealed common themes related to the concept attributes, antecedents and consequences.ResultsFive attributes were identified including: parental recognition of body size, physical appearance, functional abilities, psychosocial effects and health effects related to body weight. Antecedents of this concept are parental beliefs and values about body weight, fatalism, societal normalization of overweight, parental weight status and parental mental health status. The consequences of this concept are parental concern, increased knowledge about obesity‐related health risks, motivation to make changes and family lifestyle changes. The ultimate goal is a healthy weight for the child.ConclusionsA middle‐range explanatory theory of parental perception of child weight was proposed. Parents who recognize child weight issues may be motivated to initiate lifestyle changes, resulting in a healthy weight for the child.
New Clinical and Electrocardiographic Classification in Patients with Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: SEKIGUCHI YUKIO , AONUMA KAZUTAKA , TAKAGI MASAHIKO , AIHARA NAOHIKO , YOKOYAMA YASUHIRO , HIRAOKA MASAYASU 
Published: April 2013

A Subgroup of IVF PatientsIntroductionThe presence of early repolarization (ER) recently has been considered as a prognostic marker for sudden cardiac death in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), but there are certain numbers of IVF patients lacking ER. We aimed to clarify the clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics of the patients with IVF in the presence and absence of ER.Methods and resultsWe studied 64 consecutive IVF patients from the Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study (J‐IVFS) registry, which subjected with at least one episode of documented VF in the absence of structural heart diseases and excluding Brugada syndrome. We assessed clinical and electrophysiological characteristics in the IVF patients with and without ER. ER was defined as J‐point elevation of >0.1 mV in either inferior or lateral leads. Twelve‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated 24 (38%) of 64 patients with ER (ER[+] group) and the remaining 40 (62%) patients without ER (ER[–] group ). ER[+] group had a male predominance (92% for males) and ER[–] group revealed nearly equal distribution in both sexes. While no patients in ER[+] group showed intraventricular conduction disturbance (CD) with abnormal axis deviation and/or bundle branch block in ECG, 9 in ER[–] group had signs of CD (ER[–]/CD[+] subgroup). ER[–]/CD[+] subgroup had prolonged P‐R interval and QRS duration compared to other patient groups.ConclusionWe found 3 distinct ECG patterns in IVF patients. In addition to the presence and absence of ER, there is a subgroup without ER demonstrating intraventricular CD, which represents a distinct clinical entity of IVF.
An Ontological Turn in Categories Research: From Standards of Legitimacy to Evidence of Actuality
Authors: Kennedy Mark Thomas , Fiss Peer C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this Counterpoint to Durand and Paolella, we argue that prior work on categories has neglected processes of category emergence and dissolution. In response, we call for studies of categories that focus on how they emerge and fall out of use and on what they come to mean. We call this an ontological turn in categories research because systems of categorization and their associated meanings capture and reflect what societies view as social realities, or ontologies. As a guide to this broad topic, we develop a framework that relates the effects of categories to the familiarity of (1) occasions and motivations for their usage and (2) meanings and ontologies they carry, and we use this framework to elaborate two paths by which previously unfamiliar categories become accepted as elements of common knowledge. These paths jointly inform the recognition front of the emergence question, an understudied problem in organization studies. Finally, we outline two methodologies – set theoretic analysis and network‐based analysis – that offer particular promise for analysing processes of category emergence and dissolution.
A preliminary randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial of hydroxyzine for treating sleep bruxism in children
Authors: Ghanizadeh A. , Zare S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis is a randomised placebo‐controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of hydroxyzine for treating parent‐reported sleep bruxism in children. Participants of this trial were 30 patients randomly allocated to one of the two groups in a ratio of 1:2. One group received hydroxyzine and the other group received placebo. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale test and Clinical Global Severity scale. Assessments occurred at baseline and at the end of week 4. The side effects of drugs were assessed using a checklist. The number of children in the hydroxyzine and placebo groups was 21 and 9, respectively. The mean age of children in the hydroxyzine and placebo groups was 8·4(s.d. = 3·3) and 6·5(s.d. = 1·5) years, respectively. Hydroxyzine more than placebo decreased bruxism score (3·8 versus 2·2). No serious adverse effect was reported. Current evidence support that hydroxyzine is effective and well tolerated for treating bruxism in children.
Technology versus Design Innovation's Effects on Sales and Tobin's Q: The Moderating Role of Branding Strategy
Authors: Rubera Gaia , Droge Cornelia 
Published: April 2013

This research investigates the impacts on firm performance of (1) technology versus design innovation and (2) their potentially synergistic interaction. Synergies could arise from complementarities, in particular the utilization of technology innovation as a platform for design innovations. Both sales and Tobin's q are examined as dependent performance variables, with sales tapping consumer responses and Tobin's q reflecting investor responses. Moderation by branding strategy (i.e., Corporate Branding versus Mixed Branding versus House of Brands) is analyzed because innovation may impact performance differently depending on branding strategy. Advertising effects, the number of new product introductions, their interaction, R&D expenditures, operating margins, and firm size are also modeled as covariates. The results show that all main and interaction effects are significant in at least one of the branding groups, and that moderation of model paths by branding strategy was pervasive.Overall, except for technology innovation → Tobin's q, Corporate Branding coefficients for technology innovation, design innovation, and their interaction were almost always significantly different from Mixed Branding and House of Brands coefficients, which were not significantly different from each other. Since Mixed Branding and House of Brands proved very similar, these groups were combined under “Non‐Corporate.” First, for technology innovation, the impact on both sales and Tobin's q for Corporate Branding was less than or equal to Noncorporate. Noteworthy was that the technology innovation → Tobin's q relationship was equal across all branding strategies; technology innovation appears to be key for investors. Second, for design innovation, the impact for Corporate Branding was positive while for Noncorporate it was null; the same pattern was observed for sales and Tobin's q. Third, for the interaction, the impact for Corporate Branding was significantly less than the positive impacts for Noncorporate. For Noncorporate, the marginal impact of design innovation on sales or Tobin's q increased with the level of technology innovation. For Corporate Branding however, there was no interaction in the case of sales and a negative interaction for Tobin's q. Thus, the marginal impact of design innovation on Tobin's q decreased with increasing levels of technology innovation. These decreasing marginal effects could reflect limits to corporate brand name extensions, as perceived by investors.
Promoting critical perspectives in mental health nursing education
Authors: McKie A. , Naysmith S. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summaryContested philosophical, conceptual, social and ethical dimensions of contemporary mental health nursing practice should be addressed in pre‐registration educational curricula.By interlinking knowledge and being, educational curricula can encourage students to become ‘critical practitioners’.Issues of students' knowledge, self‐awareness and personal development can be promoted via engagement with selected literary texts.AbstractThis paper explores themes relevant to mental health nursing using the example of one educational module of a nursing degree. The authors argue that the educational preparation of mental health nursing students in higher education must address certain contested philosophical, conceptual, social and ethical dimensions of contemporary mental health care practice. These themes are discussed within the context of a third‐year mental health nursing module within a Scottish nursing degree programme. By interlinking epistemology and ontology, the notion of student as ‘critical practitioner’, involving the encouragement of ‘critical thinking’, is developed. This is shown via engagement with parallel perspectives of the sciences and the humanities in mental health. Narratives of student nurse engagement with selected literary texts demonstrate the extent to which issues of knowledge, self‐awareness and personal development are central to a student's professional journey as they progress through an academic course. The paper concludes by suggesting that these ‘critical perspectives’ have important wider implications for curriculum design in nursing education. Insights from critical theory can equip nurse educators to challenge consumerist tendencies within contemporary higher education by encouraging them to remain knowledgeable, critical and ethically sensitive towards the needs of their students.
Brain RegionSpecific Transcriptomic Markers of Serotonin1A Receptor Agonist Action Mediating Sexual Rejection and Aggression in Female Marmoset Monkeys
Authors: Aubert Yves , Allers Kelly A. , Sommer Bernd , de Kloet E. Ronald , Abbott David H. , Datson Nicole A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In a marmoset model of hypoactive female sexual function, we have shown that repeated administration of the serotonin (5HT)1A agonist R(+)8hydroxy2(diNpropylamino)tetralin (8OHDPAT) inhibits sexual receptivity in female marmoset monkeys and increases aggression toward the male pairmate.

Aim
The aims of this study are to investigate gene expression changes induced by 8OHDPAT in lasermicrodissected brain areas that regulate female sexual function and to identify genes, functional gene classes, and pathways associated with 8OHDPATmediated inhibition of female sexual receptivity.

Methods
Gene expression was measured in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial preoptic area (mPOA), cornu ammonis1 (CA1) area of the hippocampus (CA1), and dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) of four 8OHDPATtreated (0.1 mg/kg; daily administration for 16 weeks) and four vehicletreated female marmosets using a marmosetspecific microarray (European Marmoset Microarray [EUMAMA]) and validated by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). Enriched functional gene classes were determined. In a parallel candidate gene approach, the expression of serotonergic candidate genes, i.e., the 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and 5HT7 receptors and the 5HT transporter (5HTT), was measured by RTqPCR.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome is the differential expression of genes between 8OHDPAT and vehicletreated marmosets.

Results
8OHDPAT affected the gene classes important to neural development (mPFC, mPOA, and DRN), neurotransmission (mPOA), energy production (mPFC and mPOA), learning and memory (CA1), and intracellular signal transduction (DRN). Oxytocin (OXT) in the mPOA and 5HTT in the DRN were strongly increased by 8OHDPAT. 5HT1A tended to increase in the mPFC, while 5HT7 was decreased in the CA1.

Conclusions
Brain regionspecific alterations of gene expression regulating neural circuitries, energy demands, and learning processes are associated with 8OHDPATinduced decrease in female sexual receptivity and increase in pairmate aggression. The role of OXT in the serotonergic regulation of female sexual behavior and partner interactions warrants attention in future studies.
Knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its treatment in HCV mono‐infected and HCV/HIV co‐infected adults
Authors: Chen E. Y. , North C. S. , Fatunde O. , Bernstein I. , Salari S. , Day B. , Jain M. K. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is rapidly changing but little is known about patients' attitudes and knowledge about HCV. This study used a cross‐sectional survey to examine the relationship between HCV knowledge and attitudes towards HCV in patients with HCV mono‐infection and HIV/HCV co‐infection. Subsequently, an education intervention was developed with an abridged version of the cross‐sectional survey administered before and after the education session to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes. 292 people participated in the cross‐sectional survey, and 87 people participated in the education intervention. In the cross‐sectional survey, the mean knowledge score regarding HCV was low (<50% of the total possible score). Mono‐infected and co‐infected individuals shared similar knowledge deficits and attitudes towards HCV despite having distinct demographic differences. Attitudes endorsed by patients included the following: 57% feared the consequences of HCV on their life, 37% felt HCV was not fatal, 27% did not believe they needed HCV medication, 21% felt ashamed of having HCV and 16% felt HCV treatment was not important. Attitudes that reflected indifference and shame towards HCV were associated with lower knowledge scores (HCV knowledge score of 15.1 vs. 17.5, P < 0.01 for indifference and 15.3 vs. 17.2 for shame, P = 0.02). The education intervention improved knowledge scores but did not modify the assessed attitudes. Intervention studies are needed to effectively change attitudes towards HCV infection and treatment.
Successional convergence, stochastic assembly and the future of tropical forests
Authors: Fridley Jason D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Dent et al. take advantage of a century‐long chronosequence of forest succession in central Panama, and highlight a lack of convergence to the tree composition of old‐growth stands. Does this suggest tropical forests assemble randomly, or is this an expected consequence of high diversity and patchy recruitment?
Are trait‐based species rankings consistent across data sets and spatial scales?
Authors: Kazakou Elena , Violle Cyrille , Roumet Catherine , Navas Marie‐Laure , Vile Denis , Kattge Jens , Garnier Eric 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuestionsOne central assumption of trait screening approaches in comparative plant ecology, i.e. simultaneous measurement of traits on a large number of species or populations, is that the species level captures a major part of trait variation. The current development of large databases has led to a new screening approach that relies on the extraction of trait values from databases, rather than on measurement of traits in the field. We tested this assumption with the following questions: (1) is the magnitude of intra‐specific variability of co‐occurring species lower than inter‐specific variability for a given trait, in comparisons at different spatial scales; (2) is species hierarchy based on trait values conserved across different spatial scales and data sets (stable species hierarchy hypothesis); and (3) when we compare different traits, what is the more stable trait that is conserved across different spatial scales and data sets?MethodsWe combined approaches commonly used in functional ecology, i.e. experimental data, field observations and extraction of data from a global database, and analysed the magnitude of intra‐specific and inter‐specific trait variations for a large number of traits across contrasting environmental conditions for 18–39 (mostly) herbaceous species, according to the data set used.ResultsFor most traits, inter‐specific variability was higher than intra‐specific variability, and species ranking was conserved across different data sets and spatial scales. However, we also detected important differential responses in terms of intra‐specific trait variability, depending on the trait examined: SLA, LDMC, SM, seed N concentration and onset of flowering were more stable, whereas leaf chemical traits and RH were more flexible traits.ConclusionsOur study validated, for the species studied, the stable species hierarchy hypothesis in the case of several, but not all, widely used traits. The main conclusion is that the strength of the species signal is strong enough for some traits to allow values to be used from different data sets (experiments, databases) to characterize local populations of species: for SM, seed N concentration, RH, SLA and LDMC.
Effects of traumatic brain injury on intestinal contractility
Authors: Olsen A. B. , Hetz R. A. , Xue H. , Aroom K. R. , Bhattarai D. , Johnson E. , Bedi S. , Cox C. S. , Uray K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction including intolerance to enteral feedings. However, it is unclear how TBI affects small intestinal contractile activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if TBI affects intestinal smooth muscle function.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact injury (TBI). Sham animals underwent a similar surgery but no injury (SHAM). Animals were sacrificed 1, 3, and 7 days after TBI and intestinal smooth muscle tissue was collected for measurement of contractile activity and transit, NF‐kB activity, and cytokine levels. Brains were collected after sacrifice to determine volume loss due to injury.Key ResultsContractile activity decreased significantly in ileum, but not jejunum, in the TBI group 7 days after injury compared with SHAM. Brain volume loss increased significantly 7 days after injury compared with 3 days and correlated significantly with the contractile activity 1 day after injury. In the intestinal smooth muscle, NF‐kB activity increased significantly in the TBI group 3 and 7 days after injury vs SHAM. Wet to dry weight ratio, indicating edema, also increased significantly in the TBI group. Interleukin‐1α, ‐1β, and ‐17 increased significantly in the TBI group compared with SHAM.Conclusions & InferencesTraumatic brain injury causes a delayed but significant decrease in intestinal contractile activity in the ileum leading to delayed transit. The decreased intestinal contractile activity is attributed to secondary inflammatory injury as evidenced by increased NF‐kB activity, increased edema, and increased inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal smooth muscle.