bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Train the trainer? A randomized controlled trial of a multi‐tiered oral health education programme in community‐based residential services for adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Guerin Suzanne , Nunn June 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of a multi‐tiered oral health education programme on care staff caring for people with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsPostal questionnaires were sent to all care staff of a community‐based residential care service for adults, randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. A specifically developed training programme was delivered to residential staff nominees, who then trained all staff within the intervention group. The control group received no training. Post‐test questionnaires were sent to both groups. Paired‐samples t‐test was used to compare oral health‐related knowledge (K) and behaviour, attitude and self‐efficacy (BAS) scores.ResultsOf the initial 219 respondents, 154 (response rate between 40% and 35.8%, with attrition rate of 29.7% from baseline to repeat) returned completed questionnaires at post‐test (M = 8.5 months, range = 6.5–11 months). Control and intervention groups were comparable for general training, employment and demographic variables. In the intervention group, mean Knowledge Index score rose from K = 7.2 to K = 7.9 (P < 0.001) and mean BAS scale score rose from BAS = 4.7 to BAS = 5.4 (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant increase in mean scores from test (K = 7.0, BAS = 4.7) to post‐test (K = 7.2, BAS = 4.9) for the control group.ConclusionsMean scores regarding knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy and reported behaviour increased significantly at 8.5 months in staff where training was provided. The results indicate that a multi‐tiered training programme improved knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy and reported behaviour amongst staff caring for people with ID.
Buccal bone plate remodeling after immediate implants with or without synthetic bone grafting and flapless surgery: a histomorphometric and fluorescence study in dogs
Authors: Suaid Flávia A. , Novaes Arthur B. , Queiroz Adriana C. , Muglia Valdir A. , Almeida Adriana L. G. , Grisi Márcio F. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone plate remodeling after immediate implantation using the flapless approach with or without bone graft into the gap between the implant and the buccal bone.Material and methodsEight dogs had the mandibular bicuspids extracted without flaps, and four implants were installed on each side, totaling eight implants per animal. Randomly, in one side, the implants were positioned at the bone crest level (equicrestal), and on the opposite side, the implants were positioned 2 mm subcrestal. All the implants were positioned 2.0 mm from the buccal bone plate (gap) and associated or not with grafting material. Therefore, the following treatments were performed: implants subcrestal test (SCTG) with bone graft and control (SCCG) without bone graft, and equicrestal test (ECTG) with bone graft and control (ECCG) without bone graft. One week following the surgeries, metallic prostheses were installed. Bone markers were administered 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after implant placement for fluorescence analysis. Ground sections were prepared from 12‐week healing biopsies, and histomorphometry was performed.ResultsThe histomorphometric evaluation presents significant better results for theECTGin the vertical crestal bone resorption, but the other parameters showed better results for theSCCG. The fluorescence evaluation in adjacent areas showed numerically different results between groups with a small decrease at 12 weeks, except for theSCCG, which was higher at this time. The distant area showed a continuous increase in the marked bone.ConclusionThe equicrestally placed implants presented little or no loss of the buccal bone wall. The subcrestally positioned implants presented loss of buccal bone, regardless of the use of bone graft. However, the buccal bone was always coronal to the implant shoulder.Both the equicrestal and subcrestal groups were benefited in the early stages of bone healing as evidenced by the fluorescence analysis.
Performance of titanium alloy sintered porous‐surfaced (SPS) implants supporting mandibular overdentures during a 20‐year prospective study
Authors: Deporter Douglas , Pharoah Michael , Yeh Simon , Todescan Reynaldo , Atenafu Eshetu G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess short, sintered porous‐surfaced (SPS), press‐fit implants with mandibular overdentures to restore edentulous patients with severe mandibular resorption.Materials and MethodsImplant lengths of 7, 8, 9, and 10 mm were used, all with 2‐mm polished collars, making the designed intrabony lengths 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm. Each patient received three non‐splinted implants placed using a two‐stage protocol.ResultsOnly 22 (with 53 implants) of the original 52 patients were available after 20 years. All but one of these patients was functioning with their implant‐retained overdentures. Life table analysis accounted for all patients and implants, and showed a 20‐year survival of 73.4%. Analysis of carefully standardized radiographs revealed mean cumulative bone loss after 20 years of 0.67 mm relative to the polished collar‐SPSjunction.ConclusionsShortSPSimplants with mandibular overdentures can provide an acceptable treatment over a 20‐year period for fully edentulous patients with severe alveolar resorption.
Head‐to‐head comparison between Actigraph 7164 and GT1M accelerometers in adolescents
Authors: Tanha Tina , Tornberg Åsa B. , Wollmer Per , Dencker Magnus 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe compared, head‐to‐head, the old generation Actigraph model 7164 with the new generation Actigraph GT1M accelerometer. A total of 15 randomly selected teenagers (eight girls and seven boys) were investigated. They performed a treadmill test wearing the two kinds of accelerometers around the waist simultaneously. The treadmill test consisted of three different levels of speed 4, 6 and 8 km h−1 for four consecutive minutes. Accelerometer counts per 1 sec epoch for the Actigraph GT1M versus the Actigraph 7164 were at 4 km h−1 21·6 ± 12·9 versus 26·5 ± 11·5 counts, at 6 km h−1 56·0 ± 23·2 versus 62·9 ± 25·6 counts and at 8 km h−1 142·6 ± 37·2 versus 156·4 ± 34·9 counts (P<0·01 for all levels of speed). Data from the old generation Actigraph 7164 and the new generation Actigraph GT1M accelerometers differ, where the Actigraph GT1M generates 10‐23% lower values. Correction equation for Actigraph GT1M was Actigraph 7164 = 5·2484 + Actigraph GT1M counts × 1·0448. These results need to be taken into consideration when using these devices.
Impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on the range dynamics of South African Proteaceae
Authors: Sarmento Cabral Juliano , Jeltsch Florian , Thuiller Wilfried , Higgins Steven , Midgley Guy F. , Rebelo Anthony G. , Rouget Mathieu , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo assess how habitat loss and climate change interact in affecting the range dynamics of species and to quantify how predicted range dynamics depend on demographic properties of species and the severity of environmental change.LocationSouth African Cape Floristic Region.MethodsWe use data‐driven demographic models to assess the impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on range size, range filing and abundances of eight species of woody plants (Proteaceae). The species‐specific models employ a hybrid approach that simulates population dynamics and long‐distance dispersal on top of expected spatio‐temporal dynamics of suitable habitat.ResultsClimate change was mainly predicted to reduce range size and range filling (because of a combination of strong habitat shifts with low migration ability). In contrast, habitat loss mostly decreased mean local abundance. For most species and response measures, the combination of habitat loss and climate change had the most severe effect. Yet, this combined effect was mostly smaller than expected from adding or multiplying effects of the individual environmental drivers. This seems to be because climate change shifts suitable habitats to regions less affected by habitat loss. Interspecific variation in range size responses depended mostly on the severity of environmental change, whereas responses in range filling and local abundance depended mostly on demographic properties of species. While most surviving populations concentrated in areas that remain climatically suitable, refugia for multiple species were overestimated by simply overlying habitat models and ignoring demography.Main conclusionsDemographic models of range dynamics can simultaneously predict the response of range size, abundance and range filling to multiple drivers of environmental change. Demographic knowledge is particularly needed to predict abundance responses and to identify areas that can serve as biodiversity refugia under climate change. These findings highlight the need for data‐driven, demographic assessments in conservation biogeography.
Systematic, large‐scale national biodiversity surveys: NeoMaps as a model for tropical regions
Authors: Ferrer‐Paris José R. , Rodríguez Jon P. , Good Tatjana C. , Sánchez‐Mercado Ada Y. , Rodríguez‐Clark Kathryn M. , Rodríguez Gustavo A. , Solís Angel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo test a method for rapidly and reliably collecting species distribution and abundance data over large tropical areas [known as Neotropical Biodiversity Mapping Initiative (NeoMaps)], explicitly seeking to improve cost‐ and time‐efficiencies over existing methods (i.e. museum collections, literature), while strengthening local capacity for data collection.LocationVenezuela.MethodsWe placed a grid over Venezuela (0.5 × 0.5 degree cells) and applied a stratified sampling design to select a minimum set of 25 cells spanning environmental and biogeographical variation. We implemented standardized field sampling protocols for birds, butterflies and dung beetles, along transects on environmental gradients (‘gradsects’). We compared species richness estimates from our field surveys at national, bioregional and cell scales to those calculated from data compiled from museum collections and the literature. We estimated the variance in richness, composition, relative abundance and diversity between gradsects that could be explained by environmental and biogeographical variables. We also estimated total survey effort and cost.ResultsIn one field season, we covered 8% of the country and recorded 66% of all known Venezuelan dung beetles, 52% of Pierid butterflies and 37% of birds. Environmental variables explained 27–60% of variation in richness for all groups and 13–43% of variation in abundance and diversity in dung beetles and birds. Bioregional and environmental variables explained 43–58% of the variation in the dissimilarity matrix between transects for all groups.Main conclusionsNeoMaps provides reliable estimates of richness, composition and relative abundance, required for rigorous monitoring and spatial prediction. NeoMaps requires a substantial investment, but is highly efficient, achieving survey goals for each group with 1‐month fieldwork and about US$ 1–8 per km2. Future work should focus on other advantages of this type of survey, including the ability to monitor the changes in relative abundance and turnover in species composition, and thus overall diversity patterns.
Ferulsinaic acid attenuation of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sayed Ahmed A. R. 
Published: October 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012AbstractBackground  Different factors are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. Ferulsinaic Acid (FA) was isolated in 2007. In 2011, we found that FA prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans due to its antioxidative effect, and we hypothesized that FA restores the kidney function of diabetic rats via its antioxidant activity.Methods  Male Wistar rats were injected with STZ and divided into 5 groups of 10 each: control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with 500, 750 and 1000 ng/kg FA. FA treatment was continued for 21 weeks after induction of diabetes.Results  In the diabetic rats treated with FA, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C kidney/body weight ratio, creatinine, BUN, sodium and albuminurea were significantly decreased compared with untreated diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and IL‐6 in the kidney homogenate. In addition levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in the urine and in the renal cortex DNA were increased. Moreover, severe destruction in glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions such as glomerular sclerosis, atrophy, interstitial expansion and interstitial cellular infiltration was seen in the kidney of the diabetic untreated rats. Furthermore, the diabetic kidney was found to be positive for NF‐κB p65 antigen in the immunohistochemistry examinations. Treatment with FA restored all the altered parameters in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, all the ultra‐morphologic abnormalities and NF‐κB activation in the kidney of diabetic rats were markedly ameliorated by FA treatment.Conclusion  FA confers a considerable protection against kidney injuries of the diabetic rats by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes, attenuating the formation of AGEs, attenuating the NF‐κB activation, ameliorating the inflammatory markers and inhibiting the accumulation of oxidized DNA in the kidney, suggesting a potential drug for the prevention and therapy of DN.
Chemotherapy disrupts learning, neurogenesis and theta activity in the adult brain
Authors: Nokia Miriam S. , Anderson Megan L. , Shors Tracey J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChemotherapy, especially if prolonged, disrupts attention, working memory and speed of processing in humans. Most cancer drugs that cross the blood–brain barrier also decrease adult neurogenesis. Because new neurons are generated in the hippocampus, this decrease may contribute to the deficits in working memory and related thought processes. The neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie these deficits are generally unknown. A possible mediator is hippocampal oscillatory activity within the theta range (3–12 Hz). Theta activity predicts and promotes efficient learning in healthy animals and humans. Here, we hypothesised that chemotherapy disrupts learning via decreases in hippocampal adult neurogenesis and theta activity. Temozolomide was administered to adult male Sprague–Dawley rats in a cyclic manner for several weeks. Treatment was followed by training with different types of eyeblink classical conditioning, a form of associative learning. Chemotherapy reduced both neurogenesis and endogenous theta activity, as well as disrupted learning and related theta‐band responses to the conditioned stimulus. The detrimental effects of temozolomide only occurred after several weeks of treatment, and only on a task that requires the association of events across a temporal gap and not during training with temporally overlapping stimuli. Chemotherapy did not disrupt the memory for previously learned associations, a memory independent of (new neurons in) the hippocampus. In conclusion, prolonged systemic chemotherapy is associated with a decrease in hippocampal adult neurogenesis and theta activity that may explain the selective deficits in processes of learning that describe the ‘chemobrain’.
Circadian genes Period 1 and Period 2 in the nucleus accumbens regulate anxiety‐related behavior
Authors: Spencer Sade , Falcon Edgardo , Kumar Jaswinder , Krishnan Vaishnav , Mukherjee Shibani , Birnbaum Shari G. , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIt has been suggested for some time that circadian rhythm abnormalities underlie the development of multiple psychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear how disruptions in individual circadian genes might regulate mood and anxiety. Here we found that mice lacking functional mPeriod 1 (mPer1) or mPeriod 2 (mPer2) individually did not have consistent behavioral abnormalities in measures of anxiety‐related behavior. However, mice deficient in both mPer1 and mPer2 had an increase in levels of anxiety‐like behavior in multiple measures. Moreover, we found that mPer1 and mPer2 expression was reduced in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after exposure to chronic social defeat stress, a paradigm that led to increased anxiety‐related behavior. Following social defeat, chronic treatment with fluoxetine normalized Per gene expression towards wild‐type levels. Knockdown of both mPer1 and mPer2 expression via RNA interference specifically in the NAc led to a similar increase in anxiety‐like behavior as seen in the mutant animals. Taken together, these results implicate the Per genes in the NAc in response to stress and the development of anxiety.
CO2 fertilization and enhanced drought resistance in Greek firs from Cephalonia Island, Greece
Authors: Koutavas Athanasios 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGrowth–climate relationships were investigated in Greek firs from Ainos Mountain on the island of Cephalonia in western Greece, using dendrochronology. The goal was to test whether tree growth is sensitive to moisture stress, whether such sensitivity has been stable through time, and whether changes in growth–moisture relationships support an influence of atmospheric CO2 on growth. Regressions of tree‐ring indices (ad 1820–2007) with instrumental temperature, precipitation, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) indicate that growth is fundamentally limited by growing‐season moisture in late spring/early summer, most critically during June. However, this simple picture obscures a pattern of sharply evolving growth–climate relationships during the 20th century. Correlations between growth and June temperature, precipitation, and PDSI were significantly greater in the early 20th century but later degraded and disappeared. By the late 20th–early 21st century, there remains no statistically significant relationship between moisture and growth implying markedly enhanced resistance to drought. Moreover, growth experienced a net increase over the last half‐century culminating with a sharp spike in ad 1988–1990. This recent growth acceleration is evident in the raw ring‐width data prior to standardization, ruling out artifacts from statistical detrending. The vanishing relationship with moisture and parallel enhancement of growth are all the more notable because they occurred against a climatic backdrop of increasing aridity. The results are most consistent with a significant CO2 fertilization effect operating through restricted stomatal conductance and improved water‐use efficiency. If this interpretation is correct, atmospheric CO2 is now overcompensating for growth declines anticipated from drier climate, suggesting its effect is unusually strong and likely to be detectable in other up‐to‐date tree‐ring chronologies from the Mediterranean.
Use of Haemate® P as immune tolerance induction in patients with severe haemophilia A who failed previous induction attempts: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Rothschild C. , D'oiron R. , Borel‐derlon A. , Gruel Y. , Navarro R. , Negrier C. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryImmune tolerance induction (ITI) can eliminate factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitory antibodies that appear during FVIII replacement therapy. If first‐line ITI fails, switching to a different FVIII concentrate, especially one containing von Willebrand factor (VWF), has been advocated. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Haemate® P, a plasma‐derived FVIII concentrate containing high levels of VWF, as ITI in severe haemophilia A patients who had failed at least one prior ITI attempt with a different FVIII concentrate. In this multicentre, observational study, Haemate® P was administered at a starting dose of 83–308 IU kg−1 day−1 (1500–6000 IU day−1). Efficacy was assessed by standard criteria (e.g. Bethesda titre, FVIII recovery and half‐life), and bleeding characteristics. Nine patients from six haemophilia centres were treated with Haemate® P after failing one (n = 2), two (n = 5) or three (n = 2) prior ITI courses. The median time from inhibitor detection to Haemate® P treatment was 5.4 years. The median Haemate® P dose was 134 IU kg−1, and the median treatment duration 32 months. During median of 47 months of follow‐up, complete response, partial response and treatment failure were observed in one, three and five patients respectively. Five patients experienced seven adverse events (AEs), including two serious AEs (sepsis). Haemate® P was discontinued due to an AE in one patient with a partial response. Haemate® P salvage ITI resulted in complete or partial tolerization in four of nine patients (44%) who had failed previous ITI attempts using different FVIII concentrates.
Haemophilia & Exercise Project (HEP): The impact of 1‐year sports therapy programme on physical performance in adult haemophilia patients
Authors: Czepa D. , von Mackensen S. , Hilberg T. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryEpisodes of bleeding in people with haemophilia (PWH) are associated with reduced activity and limitations in physical performance. Within the scope of the ‘Haemophilia & Exercise Project’ (HEP) PWH were trained in a sports therapy programme. Aim of this study was to investigate subjective and objective physical performance in HEP‐participants after 1 year training. Physical performance of 48 adult PWH was compared before and after sports therapy subjectively (HEP‐Test‐Q) and objectively regarding mobility (range of motion), strength and coordination (one‐leg‐stand) and endurance (12‐min walk test). Sports therapy included an independent home training that had previously been trained in several collective sports camps. Forty‐three controls without haemophilia and without training were compared to PWH. Of 48 PWH, 13 performed a regular training (active PWH); 12 HEP‐participants were constantly passive (passive PWH). Twenty‐three PWH and 24 controls dropped out because of incomplete data. The activity level increased by 100% in active PWH and remained constant in passive PWH, and in controls (P ≤ 0.05). Only mobility of the right knee was significantly improved in active PWH (+5.8 ± 5.3°) compared to passive PWH (−1.3 ± 8.6°). The 12‐min walk test proved a longer walking distance for active PWH (+217 ± 199 m) compared to controls (−32 ± 217 m). Active PWH reported a better subjective physical performance in the HEP‐Test‐Q domains ‘strength & coordination’, ‘endurance’ and in the total score (+9.4 ± 13.8) compared to passive PWH (−5.3 ± 13.5) and controls (+3.7 ± 7.5). The ‘mobility’‐scale and one‐leg‐stand remained unchanged. Sports therapy increases the activity level and physical performance of PWH, whereby objective effects do not always correspond with subjective assessments.