bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social dimension of reading literacy development in South Africa: Bridging inequalities among the various language groups
Authors: Boakye Naomi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that different communities, such as language groups and socio-economic status (SES) families, practice literacy in different ways. Certain language communities of low SES observe literacy interactions differently from the traditional “schooled literacy”, which may influence learners’ reading literacy. However, the link between language communities, SES and reading literacy has not been extensively researched, especially in the South African context where there are 11 official languages and wide socio-economic disparities. This article examines students’ social literacy in relation to their reading literacy levels, and reveals that the literacy gap between indigenous South African language (ISAL) speakers, a number of whom are from low SES families, and speakers of English and Afrikaans is further widened at the tertiary level due to the mismatch between the social literacy practices of the different language groups and the education system that operates in the country. Recommendations are made on how educators could employ strategies such as social relevance and culturally sensitive teaching to bridge the academic literacy gap among the language groups.
Controllability of mixed Volterra–Fredholm type integrodifferential third order dispersion equations
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Sukavanam Nagarajan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we establish a result concerning the
controllability of a mixed Volterra–Fredholm type
integrodifferential third order dispersion equation. The result is
obtained by using the theory of strongly continuous semigroups and
the Banach fixed point theorem.
Inhibition of metalloproteinase and proteasome activities in colon cancer cells by citrus peel extracts
Authors: Ademosun Ayokunle O. , Oboh Ganiyu , Passamonti Sabina , Tramer Federica , Ziberna Lovro , Boligon Aline Augusti , Athayde Margareth Linde 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: Citrus peels are consumed in the form of infusions, candy or wine, based on their well-documented nutritional and medicinal properties. This study sought to investigate the effect of some citrus peels’ [grapefruit (Citrus paradisii), orange (Citrus sinensis) and shaddock (Citrus maxima)] extracts on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and proteasome activities in primary human colonic tumor (Caco-2) and the metastatic cell lines (LoVo and LoVo/ADR) in a bid to explain the possible mechanism by which the peels could manage/prevent colon cancer.

Methods: The inhibition of MMP and proteasome activities in the cells by the peel extracts, as well as the identification of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), was determined.

Results: Orange peel extracts had the strongest inhibition of MMP in Caco-2 and LoVo cells, while shaddock had the least. Shaddock peel extracts also had the least MMP inhibition in LoVo/ADR lysates. Grapefruit had the least proteasome inhibition in Caco-2 and LoVo lysates, while there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the proteasome inhibition of the peel extracts in LoVo/ADR lysates. The extracts inhibited proteasome activity in extract-treated cells, and HPLC fingerprinting of the extracts revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds such as quercetin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, catechin and naringin.

Conclusions: The inhibition of MMP and proteasome activities in colon cancer cell lines suggests the potential use of citrus peels as functional food in the management and/or prevention of colon cancer.
Can school health check-ups serve as screening tool for growth anomalies and obesity in children?
Authors: Stoupa Athanasia , Goischke Alexandra , Garcin Camille , Elie Caroline , Viaud Magali , Théry Anne , Richard Geneviève , Polak Michel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the prevalence of growth disorders and obesity in schoolchildren and determine whether school health check-ups are effective in their screening.Analysis of anonymized growth and body mass index (BMI) data from 2887 children attending the 3rd grade from 2008 to 2009 after selection of 75 elementary schools in Paris.Linear growth velocity was abnormal in 198 children. Height and weight were above the French reference values (+0.9±1.2 SD and +1±1.7 SD, respectively). BMI was higher, compared to reference values (+0.4±1.4 SD). At their last check-up, 20.9% of children had a BMI>+2 SD.School health check-ups constitute a good screening tool for growth and obesity. However, further work is needed to determine the most effective modality. The reference values currently used in France are no longer suitable and new reference charts need to be established. The high prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren remains a public health challenge.
Response of vitamin D binding protein and free vitamin D concentrations to vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized premature infants
Authors: Hanson Corrine , Lyden Elizabeth , Nelson Amy , Thoene Melissa , Wagner Julie , Wu Amy , Rennard Stephen , Anderson-Berry Ann 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D, Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP), and free vitamin D in premature infants.Thirty-two infants <32 weeks’ gestation were randomized to two different levels of vitamin D3 supplementation (400 vs. 800 IU/day). 25(OH)D levels were measured by LC-MS/MS; DBP was measured by validated ELISA. Free vitamin D was calculated using molar ratios of 25(OH)D and DBP. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare DBP, free D and 25(OH)D levels; Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to assess correlations.The mean gestational age at birth was 30.5 weeks; mean birth weight was 1405 g. Mean 25(OH)D levels at birth were 17.3 ng/mL; DBP levels were 297 mg/L, and estimated free vitamin D levels were 18.9. There was a statistically significant change in 25(OH)D levels after 8 weeks (24.6 vs. 39.1 ng/mL in the 400 vs. 800 group, respectively, p=0.02). DBP levels from birth to 8 weeks showed a statistically significant decrease (267 vs. 208, p=0.04). Estimated free 25(OH)D concentrations increased over the study period, from 18.9 at birth to 64.7 at 8 weeks of age (p=0.0001). Free vitamin D levels at birth were associated with global DEXA bone mineral content at discharge from the NICU (r=0.58, p=0.05).Supplementation with vitamin D3 increased the free portion of the vitamin D metabolite, providing increased bioavailable substrate. Improved free vitamin D levels may improve measurable outcomes such as bone mineral content and deserve further evaluation.
Does ethnicity have an effect on fetal behavior? A comparison of Asian and Caucasian populations
Authors: Hanaoka Uiko , Hata Toshiyuki , Kanenishi Kenji , Mostafa AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed , Uematsu Rina , Konishi Yukihiko , Kusaka Takashi , Noguchi Junko , Marumo Genzo , Vasilj Oliver , Kurjak Asim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the ethnic difference in fetal behavior between Asian and Caucasian populations.Fetal behavior was assesed by Kurjak’s antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation. Eighty-nine Japanese (representative of Asians) and seventy-eight Croatian (representative of Caucasians) pregnant women were studied. The total value of KANET score and values of each parameter (eight parameters) were compared.The total KANET score was normal in both populations, but there was a significant difference in total KANET scores between Japanese (median, 14; range, 10–16) and Croatian fetuses (median, 12; range, 10–15) (P<0.0001). When individual KANET parameters were compared, we found significant differences in four fetal movements (isolated head anteflexion, isolated eye blinking, facial alteration or mouth opening, and isolated leg movement). No significant differences were noted in the four other parameters (cranial suture and head circumference, isolated hand movement or hand to face movements, fingers movements, and gestalt of general movements).Our results suggest that ethnicity should be considered when evaluating fetal behavior, especially during assessment of fetal facial expressions. Although there was a difference in the total KANET score between Japanese and Croatian populations, all the scores in both groups were within normal range. Our results indicate that ethnical differences in fetal behaviour do not affect the total KANET score, but close follow-up should be continued in some borderline cases.
Bayes factors based on robust TDT-type tests for family trio design
Authors: Yuan Min , Pan Xiaoqing , Yang Yaning 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdaptive transmission disequilibrium test (aTDT) and MAX3 test are two robust-efficient association tests for case-parent family trio data. Both tests incorporate information of common genetic models including recessive, additive and dominant models and are efficient in power and robust to genetic model specifications. The aTDT uses information of departure from Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium to identify the potential genetic model underlying the data and then applies the corresponding TDT-type test, and the MAX3 test is defined as the maximum of the absolute value of three TDT-type tests under the three common genetic models. In this article, we propose three robust Bayes procedures, the aTDT based Bayes factor, MAX3 based Bayes factor and Bayes model averaging (BMA), for association analysis with case-parent trio design. The asymptotic distributions of aTDT under the null and alternative hypothesis are derived in order to calculate its Bayes factor. Extensive simulations show that the Bayes factors and the
Weighted Kolmogorov Smirnov testing: an alternative for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Charmpi Konstantina , Ycart Bernard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is a basic tool for genomic data treatment. Its test statistic is based on a cumulated weight function, and its distribution under the null hypothesis is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Here, it is proposed to subtract to the cumulated weight function its asymptotic expectation, then scale it. Under the null hypothesis, the convergence in distribution of the new test statistic is proved, using the theory of empirical processes. The limiting distribution needs to be computed only once, and can then be used for many different gene sets. This results in large savings in computing time. The test defined in this way has been called Weighted Kolmogorov Smirnov (WKS) test. Using expression data from the GEO repository, tested against the MSig Database C2, a comparison between the classical GSEA test and the new procedure has been conducted. Our conclusion is that, beyond its mathematical and algorithmic advantages, the WKS test could be more informative in many cases, than the classical GSEA test.
Traduire le mouvement du sens: Germen et Gestalten en sémantique textuelle des formes
Authors: Dupuis France 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
Cette étude a pour but de convaincre les professionnels de la traduction qu‘avant même de commencer à traduire, il faut se familiariser avec une théorie du sens. C‘est seulement alors qu‘il devient possible d‘obtenir une lecture et une interprétation sémantique efficiente du texte-source. Nous proposons une sémantique textuelle élaborée à partir de travaux initiés en sémantique lexicale ainsi qu‘une analyse des problématiques de la signification développées en philosophie des formes symboliques, en phénoménologie et dans d‘autres travaux, notamment ceux de E. Coseriu. Afin d‘illustrer nos propos théoriques nous traitons un exemple d‘analyse sémantique à partir du poème Chanson noire de L. Aragon.
Per una traduzione italiana delle Medidas del romano di Diego de Sagredo (1526)
Authors: Lepri Nicoletta 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Le Medidas del romano, ‗Misure dell'edificio romano‘, sono un manuale per riprodurre proporzioni, ordini, modanature degli edifici antichi: il primo trattato architettonico scritto e pubblicato fuori d'Italia, nel 1526, da Diego de Sagredo (Burgos, 1490-Toledo, 1528 ca.). Basate sul Vitruvio latino di Giocondo da Verona, sulla volgarizzazione del Ciseriano, sul De re aedificatoria di Alberti, propongono il classicismo rinascimentale italiano come risorsa decorativa, non concettuale. Fra tante traduzioni, nessuna comparve in Italia, dove si rifuggí tale atteggiamento culturale, presto generalizzato in Europa, reintrodotto di fatto in Italia dagli artisti stranieri e valutabile oggi come effettivo fenomeno storico di ―globalizzazione.
On the Fermi–Walker Derivative for Inextensible Flows
Authors: Körpinar Talat 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we explicitly determine some curves corresponding to the their flows on the three-dimensional space. We construct a new characterisation for inextensible flows of curves by using the Fermi–Walker derivative and the Fermi–Walker parallelism in space. Using the Frenet frame of the given curve, we present partial differential equations. Finally, we construct the Fermi–Walker derivative in the motion of a charged particle under the action of electric and magnetic fields.
Development of a Miniature Cone Penetrometer for Calibration Chamber Testing
Authors: Damavandi-Monfared Sepideh , Sadrekarimi Abouzar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCone penetration testing (CPT) has become the industry standard for in situ testing of cohesionless soils, and in particular, field liquefaction evaluation. The empirical methods for the interpretation of CPT data are either based on field data or the observation of CPT measurements in laboratory samples. In this study, a miniature cone penetrometer (with a diameter of 6 mm) is developed for understanding the response of loose to medium-dense sands. A modified triaxial cell is used for sample preparation and containment of the sample during cone penetration. The miniature cone can measure cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, and excess pore water pressure developed at the cone tip. While cone tip resistance is measured by a separate load cell, sleeve friction is obtained by subtracting cone tip resistance from a combined measurement of tip resistance and sleeve frictional force. Due to the free-draining nature of the sand tested in this study, no excess pore water pressure is developed during cone penetration. The measured data from the miniature cone are verified by comparison with CPT resistances measured in several other calibration chamber experiments on similar sands. Compared to a large calibration chamber with a standard size cone, the miniature cone allows quicker and less expensive CPT experiments in a more uniform sample.
Pituitary injury and persistent hypofunction resulting from a peripartum non-hemorrhagic, vaso-occlusive event
Authors: Kuriya Anita , Morris David V , Dahan Michael H 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCerebral vascular accidents are caused by vasospasm when induced by preeclampsia or by dopamine agonists. However, six arteries nourish the pituitary and prevent against vasospasm-induced damage, which up until now has not been thought to occur. Bromocriptine was used to arrest lactation in a 31-year-old with secondary amenorrhea following preeclampsia and fetal demise at 28 weeks gestation. Tests and history revealed panhypopituitarism not associated with hemorrhage or mass infarction but instead caused by vasospasm. The present study is the first report of pituitary damage from a non-hemorrhagic, vaso-occlusive event in the literature. In keeping with Sheehan's and Simon's syndromes, we have named pituitary damage resulting from vaso-occlusion as Dahan's syndrome, and a literature review suggests that it may be a common and previously overlooked disorder.Learning pointsVasospasm can cause damage to the pituitary gland, although it was not previously believed to do so.Preeclampsia and the use of a dopamine agonist, particularly in the peripartum state, may trigger vasospasm.Vasospasm resulting from dopamine agonists may be a common cause of injury to the pituitary gland, and it may have been overlooked in the past.
Pituitary hyperplasia: case series and literature review of an under-recognised and heterogeneous condition
Authors: De Sousa Sunita M C , Earls Peter , McCormack Ann I 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Pituitary hyperplasia (PH) occurs in heterogeneous settings and remains under-recognised. Increased awareness of this condition and its natural history should circumvent unnecessary trans-sphenoidal surgery. We performed an observational case series of patients referred to a single endocrinologist over a 3-year period. Four young women were identified with PH manifesting as diffuse, symmetrical pituitary enlargement near or touching the optic apparatus on MRI. The first woman presented with primary hypothyroidism and likely had thyrotroph hyperplasia given prompt resolution with thyroxine. The second and third women were diagnosed with pathological gonadotroph hyperplasia due to primary gonadal insufficiency, with histopathological confirmation including gonadal-deficiency cells in the third case where surgery could have been avoided. The fourth woman likely had idiopathic PH, though she had concomitant polycystic ovary syndrome which is a debated cause of PH. Patients suspected of PH should undergo comprehensive hormonal, radiological and sometimes ophthalmological evaluation. This is best conducted by a specialised multidisciplinary team with preference for treatment of underlying conditions and close monitoring over surgical intervention.

Learning points

Normal pituitary dimensions are influenced by age and gender with the greatest pituitary heights seen in young adults and perimenopausal women.

Pituitary enlargement may be seen in the settings of pregnancy, end-organ insufficiency with loss of negative feedback, and excess trophic hormone from the hypothalamus or neuroendocrine tumours.

PH may be caused or exacerbated by medications including oestrogen, GNRH analogues and antipsychotics.

Management involves identification of cases of idiopathic PH suitable for simple surveillance and reversal of pathological or iatrogenic causes where they exist.

Surgery should be avoided in PH as it rarely progresses.
GH signaling in human adipose and muscle tissue during ‘feast and famine’: amplification of exercise stimulation following fasting compared to glucose administration
Authors: Vendelbo Mikkel H , Christensen Britt , Grønbæk Solbritt B , Høgild Morten , Madsen Michael , Pedersen Steen B , Jørgensen Jens O L , Jessen Niels , Møller Niels 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveFasting and exercise stimulates, whereas glucose suppresses GH secretion, but it is uncertain how these conditions impact GH signaling in peripheral tissues. To test the original ‘feast and famine hypothesis’ by Rabinowitz and Zierler, according to which the metabolic effects of GH are predominant during fasting, we specifically hypothesized that fasting and exercise act in synergy to increase STAT-5b target gene expression.Design and methodsEight healthy men were studied on two occasions in relation to a 1 h exercise bout: i) with a concomitant i.v. glucose infusion (‘feast’) and ii) after a 36 h fast (‘famine’). Muscle and fat biopsy specimens were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 min after exercise.ResultsGH increased during exercise on both examination days and this effect was amplified by fasting, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels increased after fasting. STAT-5b phosphorylation increased similarly following exercise on both occasions. In adipose tissue, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS2 were increased after exercise on the fasting day and both fasting and exercise increased cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH). In muscle, SOCS2 and CISH mRNA were persistently increased after fasting. Muscle SOCS1, SOCS3, and CISH mRNA expression increased, whereas SOCS2 decreased after exercise on both examination days.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that fasting and exercise act in tandem to amplify STAT-5b target gene expression (SOCS and CISH) in adipose and muscle tissue in accordance with the ‘feast and famine hypothesis’; the adipose tissue signaling responses, which hitherto have not been scrutinized, may play a particular role in promoting FFA mobilization.
Catch Me if You Can: Adaptation from Standing Genetic Variation to a Moving Phenotypic Optimum
Authors: Matuszewski Sebastian , Hermisson Joachim , Kopp Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdaptation lies at the heart of Darwinian evolution. Accordingly, numerous studies have tried to provide a formal framework for the description of the adaptive process. Of these, two complementary modeling approaches have emerged: While so-called adaptive-walk models consider adaptation from the successive fixation of de novo mutations only, quantitative genetic models assume that adaptation proceeds exclusively from preexisting standing genetic variation. The latter approach, however, has focused on short-term evolution of population means and variances rather than on the statistical properties of adaptive substitutions. Our aim is to combine these two approaches by describing the ecological and genetic factors that determine the genetic basis of adaptation from standing genetic variation in terms of the effect-size distribution of individual alleles. Specifically, we consider the evolution of a quantitative trait to a gradually changing environment. By means of analytical approximations, we derive the distribution of adaptive substitutions from standing genetic variation, that is, the distribution of the phenotypic effects of those alleles from the standing variation that become fixed during adaptation. Our results are checked against individual-based simulations. We find that, compared to adaptation from de novo mutations, (i) adaptation from standing variation proceeds by the fixation of more alleles of small effect and (ii) populations that adapt from standing genetic variation can traverse larger distances in phenotype space and, thus, have a higher potential for adaptation if the rate of environmental change is fast rather than slow.