bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Fe3O4@Carbon Embedded Composite: High Catalytic Activity, Wide pH Range and Stability for Heterogeneous Electro‐Fenton
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Zhao Hongying , Zhao Guohua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHighly ordered mesoporous Fe3O4@carbon embedded composite was prepared and grafted onto monolithic carbon aerogel to form a composite cathode (Fe3O4@OMC/CA). The Fe3O4@OMC/CA was used as heterogeneous electro‐Fenton cathode for the degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). 95 % removal and 65 % mineralization of DMP was achieved within 120 min. Highly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles increased the number of catalytic active sites, and the OMC layer provided accessible pathway to the catalytic active sites and reduced the resistance of mass transport. The main oxidants were ⋅OH and the surface‐controlled heterogeneous catalysis was the critical step. The composite cathode remained electrocatalytic activity after five consecutive runs.
Developing hospital accreditation standards in Uganda
Authors: Galukande Moses , Katamba Achilles , Nakasujja Noeline , Baingana Rhona , Bateganya Moses , Hagopian Amy , Tavrow Paula , Barnhart Scott , Luboga Sam 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundWhereas accreditation is widely used as a tool to improve quality of healthcare in the developed world, it is a concept not well adapted in most developing countries for a host of reasons, including insufficient incentives, insufficient training and a shortage of human and material resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe refining use and outcomes of a self‐assessment hospital accreditation tool developed for a resource‐limited context.MethodsWe invited 60 stakeholders to review a set of standards (from which a self‐assessment tool was developed), and subsequently refined them to include 485 standards in 7 domains. We then invited 60 hospitals to test them. A study team traveled to each of the 40 hospitals that agreed to participate providing training and debrief the self‐assessment. The study was completed in 8 weeks.ResultsHospital self‐assessments revealed hospitals were remarkably open to frank rating of their performance and willing to rank all 485 measures. Good performance was measured in outreach programs, availability of some types of equipment and running water, 24‐h staff calls systems, clinical guidelines and waste segregation. Poor performance was measured in care for the vulnerable, staff living quarters, physician performance reviews, patient satisfaction surveys and sterilizing equipment.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the feasibility of a self‐assessment approach to hospital standards in low‐income country setting. This low‐cost approach may be used as a good precursor to establishing a national accreditation body, as indicated by the Ministry's efforts to take the next steps. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of groundwater–lake interaction by distributed temperature sensing in Badain Jaran Desert, Northwest China
Authors: Liu Chuankun , Liu Jie , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Badain Jaran Desert is the second largest desert of China with a total area of 49 200 km2. At least 72 perennial lakes are scattered throughout the desert, sustaining a unique desert–lake ecosystem. Groundwater of various origins was believed to play an essential role in maintaining those desert lakes, but hydrological measurements are lacking due to difficult field conditions. This study applied the distributed temperature sensing technique to continuously measure temperature variations in one of the desert lakes – the Badain Lake – to identify groundwater discharge to the lake based on the temperature differences between groundwater and lake water. Because temperature may be influenced by various unforeseen and temporary factors, it is critical to discern those factors that may affect the temperature such as solar radiation and vertical temperature stratification and to ensure that the temperature variations of the lake water as detected by the distributed temperature sensing are mainly caused by groundwater discharge. A time window was identified during which the groundwater discharge is the dominant factor that determines the temperature pattern of the lake water. The results show that the temperature near the eastern and southeastern lakeshore of the eastern Badain Lake is colder than the average, indicating that this area is the main groundwater discharge zone. Near the northwestern lakeshore adjacent to a sand dune, a weak cold abnormal area was identified, indicating that the sand dune is another recharge source to the lake through channelling the local precipitation toward the lake. The contribution from the sand dune, however, appeared to be less than that from the regional groundwater flow. This study provides the first identification of the temperature abnormal areas, which imply groundwater discharges into desert lakes and contributes to a better understanding of the unique desert–lake ecosystem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing ecological scenarios for the prospective aquatic risk assessment of pesticides
Authors: Rico Andreu , Van den Brink Paul J , Gylstra Ronald , Focks Andreas , Brock Theo CM 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The prospective aquatic environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides is generally based on the comparison of predicted environmental concentrations in edge-of-field surface waters with regulatory acceptable concentrations derived from laboratory and/or model ecosystem experiments with aquatic organisms. New improvements in mechanistic effect modeling have allowed a better characterization of the ecological risks of pesticides through the incorporation of biological trait information and landscape parameters to assess individual, population and/or community-level effects and recovery. Similarly to exposure models, ecological models require scenarios that describe the environmental context in which they are applied. In this article, we propose a conceptual framework for the development of ecological scenarios that, when merged with exposure scenarios, will constitute environmental scenarios for prospective aquatic ERA. These “unified” environmental scenarios are defined as the combination of the biotic and abiotic parameters that are required to characterize exposure, (direct and indirect) effects, and recovery of aquatic nontarget species under realistic worst-case conditions. Ideally, environmental scenarios aim to avoid a potential mismatch between the parameter values and the spatial–temporal scales currently used in aquatic exposure and effect modeling. This requires a deeper understanding of the ecological entities we intend to protect, which can be preliminarily addressed by the formulation of ecological scenarios. In this article we present a methodological approach for the development of ecological scenarios and illustrate this approach by a case-study for Dutch agricultural ditches and the example focal species Sialis lutaria. Finally, we discuss the applicability of ecological scenarios in ERA and propose research needs and recommendations for their development and integration with exposure scenarios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:510–521. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
A conceptual framework for the development of ecological scenarios is proposed. Their implementation in ERA may require up-scaling exposure assessments. Ecological scenarios need to be merged with exposure scenarios to constitute environmental scenarios. Methods to select focal taxa and focal landscape characteristics will be demanded.
A biomechanical evaluation of CNT‐grown bone
Authors: PourAkbar Saffar Kaveh , Sudak Leszek J. , Federico Salvatore 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBeside their biochemical properties, the exceptional mechanical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) suggested growing a reinforced composite material very similar to natural bone in structure and chemical composition, but significantly stronger and stiffer. This is where biomechanical considerations portray themselves to justify the need for further investigations, in order to verify the applicability of CNTs as scaffolds that may ease bone regeneration and simultaneously raise its mechanical strength and durability. This research, using several modeling approaches, attempts to look at some of the mechanical changes likely to take place in the promised artificial tissue, while considering the relationships between mechanical and living functions of bone, particularly the remodeling process. Results suggest that notwithstanding the significant improvements induced to the mechanical behavior of the artificial tissue, applications of such stiff inclusions as CNTs in reinforcing the material of bone may detrimentally change the thresholds of mechanical stimuli that are essential for the initiation and resumption of the bone remodeling process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 465–475, 2016.
Clinical relevance of corrosion patterns attributed to inflammatory cell‐induced corrosion: A retrieval study
Authors: Di Laura Anna , Hothi Harry S. , Meswania Jay M. , Whittaker Robert K. , de Villiers Danielle , Zustin Jozef , Blunn Gordon W. , Skinner John A. , Hart Alister J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn vitro studies have shown that human osteoclasts can corrode stainless steel and titanium leading to the production of metal ions responsible for inflammatory reactions. Moreover, traces of cellular activities on metal orthopaedic explants have recently been reported as inflammatory cell‐induced (ICI) corrosion being the result of the cells sealing on the metal surfaces and releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton‐like reactions. The extent and clinical relevance of this phenomenon has yet to be understood. We analysed a cohort of 100 CoCr alloy hips collected at our retrieval centre; we performed macroscopic and microscopic screening and used statistical analysis to correlate our findings with implant and clinical variables. We found that 59% of our implants had evidence of surface damage consistent with what has previously been described as cell‐induced corrosion. There was a significant association between the patterns and aseptic loosening for the ASR modular (r = −0.488,p = 0.016) and the Durom modular (r = 0.454,p = 0.026). This is the largest implant retrieval study to examine the phenomena of so‐called ICI corrosion and is the first to investigate its clinical relevance. We recommend further work to determine the role of cells in the damage patterns observed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 155–164, 2017.
Microscopic identification of novel cell types in the integument of larval lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens
Authors: Shute Lauren , Huebner Erwin , Anderson W. Gary 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTOsmoregulation, respiration, nutrient/mineral transport, and defense mechanisms are all evident in the integument of fish. The role of the integument in these physiological processes is particularly important during early life history in larval fishes, as functional systems such as the gills and gastrointestinal tract are not fully developed. Using a variety of microscopy techniques, we describe the morphology of keratinocytes, mitochondria rich cells, ciliated cells and mucous cells of the skin, yolk sac, and gills. The cytology we observed was similar to previous studies describing the integument of larval fish, however, we have also identified two novel cell types on the integument of larval Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, between 9 and 34 days post fertilization. Our detailed analysis included a multifaceted microscopy approach using scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy to elucidate the histology of the tissue and cellular morphology in addition to quantification and distribution of these novel cell types. The first cell type had a characteristic ampullary shape with a central cavity and a pore opening at the surface. The second, located on the free surface of the epidermis, had an uneven plasma membrane surface. Based on the abundance of secretory vesicles, organelles necessary for protein synthesis, and the lack of neural connection in both cell types, we propose these cells to be involved in the release of semiochemicals that may act as a pheromone, alarm substance, or chemical defense mechanism. J. Morphol. 277:86–95, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Full dynamics and control of a quadrotor using quantitative feedback theory
Authors: Gharib Mohammad Reza , Moavenian Majid 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMathematical modeling and simulation of unmanned aerial vehicles, especially, quadrotor modeling are not a simple work because of their complex structure, nonlinear dynamics and under‐actuated features. This paper presents the development of a general parametric model of a quadrotor with complete dynamic. First, a new robust PID control strategy based on QFT as a robust controller design method is introduced and designed for a multivariable nonlinear quadrotor. Then, the robustness of the control strategy is verified by simulations of the linear and nonlinear cases in the presence of uncertainties. The results demonstrate that the proposed PID robust controller can guarantee system stabilization, as well as roll, pitch and yaw tracking, while the disturbance rejection of quadrotor is achieved properly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new brushless synchro with look‐up table error compensation
Authors: Ghafarzadeh Mahdi , Kamali E. Ali , Aliabad Aliakbar Damaki , Abedini Rezvan , Tajeddini Mohammad Amin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn synchros and resolvers, brushes, and slip‐rings produce a lot of noise in the output signal. Compared to encoders, the application of such position sensors in precision control systems is restricted because of their low accuracy. In this paper, a novel scheme of a brushless synchro is introduced. In this scheme, the primary and secondary windings are mounted on the stator, and the stator magnetic flux passes a certain path in the rotor with inducing voltage in the secondary winding. In this paper, a software method based on simple look‐up table is used to enhance accuracy and reliability of the output signal of the proposed synchro. The operation principle of the brushless synchro is clearly described in the paper using a finite element method (FEM). The number of turns for the stator coils is calculated by a method based on desired harmonic elimination to have a sinusoidal magneto motive force. Some prototypes have been fabricated, and two experiments have been implemented in order to verify the theoretical concepts and to evaluate the accuracy of the fabricated synchros. Results show the proposed brushless synchro has high accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusions in partial nephrectomy for renal masses
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Dotan Zohar , Kaver Issac , Ramon Jacob 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundAllogeneic perioperative blood transfusions (PBT) have been associated with higher rates of postoperative complications and tumour recurrence in a number of malignancies. This study evaluates the risk factors for PBT in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN), in order to identify patients who could benefit from alternatives to allogenic blood.MethodsData on 822 patients who underwent elective PN between 1988 and 2013 were analysed. Patient demographics and clinicopathologic variables were collected retrospectively. PBT was defined as transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells during PN (in the operating‐room) or postoperative hospitalization.ResultsOf the 822 patients, 122 (14.8%) received PBT. Of these, 45.9% were transfused intraoperatively and 47.5% in the postoperative period. Only 14.3% of the patients who were transfused intraoperatively required additional postoperative transfusions. On multivariable analysis, age ≥65 (P < 0.01), lower preoperative haemoglobin levels (P < 0.001), larger renal masses (P < 0.001), central lesions (P < 0.01) and cumulative surgical experience (P < 0.001) were found to be associated with higher rate of PBT.ConclusionsAge, low preoperative haemoglobin level, lesion size, surgeons’ experience and central renal lesions are independent pre‐operative risk factors for PBT in patients undergoing PN. Evaluation of these risk factors prior to surgery may be helpful in constituting guidelines for a more responsible use of allogeneic blood and its alternatives. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:496–502. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
360° versus localized demarcation laser photocoagulation for macular‐sparing retinal detachment in silicone oil‐filled eyes with undetected breaks: A retrospective, comparative, interventional study
Authors: Zhou Chuandi , Qiu Qinghua 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectiveRecurrent retinal detachment (RD) in silicone oil‐filled eyes is a serious condition. At the initial stage, it usually spares the macular and is localized in the inferior retina. The inability to locate the retinal breaks has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis and has limited the use of conventional vitreoretinal surgeries. Demarcation laser photocoagulation (DLP) is widely accepted for treating macular‐sparing RDs. For laser treatments to be effective, an adequate extent and the correct placement of the laser is of great importance. The purpose of this research was to compare the efficacy of 360° and localized DLP in the management of macular‐sparing RD in silicone oil‐filled eyes with no detected retinal breaks.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective, comparative, interventional study. The medical records of 48 consecutive eyes with macular‐sparing RD in silicone oil‐filled eyes with no detected retinal breaks were reviewed. Twenty‐six patients (group I) received 360° DLP, and the remaining 22 patients (group II) underwent localized DLP. The anatomical and visual outcomes of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 12.54 ± 1.17 months. No significant difference was identified in the baseline characteristics. The single‐operation success rate of 92.31% was achieved in group I, which was significantly higher than that of group II (59.09%, P = 0.01), and this trend was not weakened after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio: 0.002, P = 0.02). After salvage management of vitreoretinal surgeries, both groups had equivalent visual outcomes with silicone oil removal. Multivariate logistic regression also indicated that the radial extent of RD (odds ratio: 11.10, P = 0.04) was an independent predictor for laser treatment failure. Significant complications sufficient to require further operations included proliferative vitreoretinopathy in two (4.17%) eyes and epiretinal membrane in four (8.33%) eyes.ConclusionsThe 360° DLP achieved a better primary success rate and equivalent visual outcomes with localized DLP for macular‐sparing RD in silicone oil‐filled eyes with no detected retinal breaks. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:792–797, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kingdom Tok: Legends and Prophecies in Honiara, Solomon Islands
Authors: Maggio Rodolfo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKingdom tok is an expression that is increasingly used in Honiara. It describes a set of ideas and practices related to what Solomon Islanders see as a recent ‘season’ in their history. Such a season is characterised by the reappropriation of particular meanings of their faith that they perceive as influenced by recent historical processes such as the colonial era, the introduction of Christianity, and the first few decades from independence. In terms of ‘Kingdom’, they envision the possibility to challenge political hierarchies, social stratification, and issues of governance, as well as to re‐define their identities in relation to a general state of empowerment. In Honiara, Pentecostal churches and groups with a strong identification with Judaism make use of Kingdom tok discourses. I claim that they experience the actualisation of Kingdom tok as concrete projects of social action and service provision, which they see as concrete alternatives to historical churches, the state, and the ‘way of the waitman’.
Building Jerusalem in North Malaita, Solomon Islands
Authors: Timmer Jaap 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmid a variety of ideas of Israelite genealogies for To'abaita speakers in North Malaita, Solomon Islands, ‘Holy Land’ features as a utopian fantasy of a just nation, not in Israel but grounded in the ancestral soil of the island. I analyse this mimetic gesture as part of attempts to reconcile kastom (custom) with Christianity and as evoking a sense of an essentialised group identity. In particular for followers of the All People's Prayer Assembly (APPA), the idea of an essentialised group of To'abaita as a nation in the canonical ‘Table of Nations’ in Genesis 10 is quite prominent. This dialectic between ‘religion’ and ‘nation’ explains the ways in which people claim to have found authentic To'abaita foundations for a nation unifying distinct lineage groups, with a religious form at the centre, namely: Jerusalem. In this article I will show that APPA's theology weakens the claim of the ‘secular’ state while strengthening the force of religious imagination and ideas about local sovereignty and a related notion of nation.
Symmetry analysis for monitoring safety of newly marketed drugs
Authors: Kubota Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionA postmarketing study without a comparator group has been recognized as a problem as it provides no measure of association. Nevertheless, the design is sometimes used in company postmarketing studies particularly when the study involves the primary data collection. In this report, the “Symmetry Analysis Cohort Design” without a comparator group but with a control period is proposed.Methods and ResultsIn the proposed design, the rate ratio is estimated using the method of prescription sequence symmetry analysis with slight modification so that the rate ratio can be estimated using data on subjects who have started the drug during the study period but no data on other subjects.DiscussionThe proposed design has an advantage that it can provide the measure of association. Another advantage common to all self‐controlled methods is that the effect of the measured and unmeasured confounders is automatically canceled out when the effect is stable over the study period. Compared with the standard design with a comparator group, the proposed design also has weaknesses. For example, adjustment of confounding by the indication may be difficult when the indication is an acute condition. In addition, the rate ratio is not valid when the probability of the prescription of the drug is dependent on the occurrence of the outcome in the unexposed (pre‐dose) period. The design may be used to evaluate the need for further studies although its real usefulness is to be determined in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.