bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quandary of quota management in the Torres Strait rock lobster fishery
Authors: van Putten I. , Deng R. , Dennis D. , Hutton T. , Pascoe S. , Plagányi E. , Skewes T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIslanders, commercial non‐indigenous fishers and Papua New Guinea fishers share the tropical rock lobster fishery, Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius) in Torres Strait. As the fishery is in the process of moving from input to output controls, a pre‐implementation understanding of indigenous fishers' perceptions of the potential impact of different quota management systems is gained. This study, based on workshops and interviews, considers the impact of competitive quota, community quota and a hybrid system with individually tradeable quota (ITQ), and broadens the current biological focus of fisheries management through consideration of economic, social and cultural aspects. The perceived quota system impact on indigenous lobster fishers largely mirrors the experience internationally, with unlimited access and self‐determination considered most important. The heterogeneity of the indigenous sector increases the management complexity for this fishery, but needs to be taken into consideration if unexpected consequences of the chosen quota management system are to be avoided.
Impact of Human Migrations on Diversity of Helicobacter pylori in Cambodia and New Caledonia
Authors: Breurec Sebastien , Raymond Josette , Thiberge Jean‐Michel , Hem Sopheak , Monchy Didier , Seck Abdoulaye , Dehoux Pierre , Garin Benoit , Dauga Catherine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a major gastric bacterial pathogen, presumed to have established itself in the human stomach approximately 100,000 years ago. Helicobacter pylori co‐evolved with its host, and human migrations shaped the expansion and the diversity of strains around the world. Here, we investigated the population structure and the genomic diversity of H. pylori in New Caledonia and Cambodia, where humans of different origins are living.MethodsBoth multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and macro‐array experiments were performed to assess polymorphism of housekeeping genes and to compare differences in gene contents among strains of H. pylori.ResultsThe macro‐array analysis based on variations of the flexible gene pools was consistent with the contribution of ancestral H. pylori populations to modern strains. Most of the CDS variably present encode proteins of unknown function, selfish DNA, and transposases. In New Caledonia—where humans are of several ethnic origins—strains belonged to four different genetic populations, reflecting the diversity of human populations. Melanesians and Polynesians were infected mainly by strains assigned to hspMaori, whereas Caucasians were infected by hspWAfrica, hpEurope, and hpNEAfrica strains. In contrast, strains from Khmer patients belonged to only two subpopulations: hspEAsia and hpEurope. In the two countries, both ancient and recent human migrations may have influenced the diversity of H. pylori.ConclusionOur present results are consistent with the possibility of admixture of strains in multiethnic communities. This increases the global polymorphism of H. pylori without evidence of functional change or impact on fitness and virulence.
The Ethnic Composition of Science and Engineering Research Laboratories in the United States
Authors: Tanyildiz Zeynep Esra 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe United States has been a top destination country for science and engineering (S&E) graduate education for foreign talent for many years. Despite the clear existence of foreign students in the USA, relatively little is known about the factors influencing the flow of foreign students. In this study, we examine foreign doctoral students in science and engineering, and test whether “ethnic affinity” plays a role in the ethnic composition of research laboratories (in what follows, “labs”) in US universities. In order to test this hypothesis, we conduct a web search, and select 164 science and engineering laboratory web pages for analysis. Among these 164 labs, 82 are directed by foreign‐born faculty (Korean, Chinese, Indian or Turkish). These 82 are matched with labs that are in the same department of the same university, but directed by a native (US origin) faculty member. We find strong evidence that labs directed by foreign‐born faculty are more likely to be populated by students from the same country of origin than are labs directed by native faculty. The percentage of students working in a lab from a nationality (foreign or native) is higher when they share nativity with the director. We seek to draw attention to the effect of affinity on the ethnic composition of research labs at the micro level that translates into the ethnic composition of the scientific community at the macro level. Further, these results emphasize the role of lab directors in future enrolments, creating scientific human capital, and contributing to the “brain circulation” phenomenon in the global context.
Emigration and Economic Theory: Missing the Boat in Mexico and Ecuador
Authors: Jonakin Jon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe impact of orthodox, free market reforms on emigration was contested by two schools of thought. Following the standard comparative advantage argument, the dominant school maintained that trade, capital, and labour market liberalization would serve as substitutes for emigration, especially as capital flows complemented abundant and ‘flexible’ labour endowments. Another school argued that liberalization would generate short‐run frictions, causing a temporary emigration increase or ‘hump’ until it assumed greater efficiency and growth diminished migrant flows. Using Mexico and Ecuador as case studies, it is argued that both schools were incorrect. Instead, the productive modes and stabilization policies that accompanied market reforms assured labour market failures and persistent emigration from both countries.
The nuclear factor‐κB pathway down‐regulates expression of the NKG2D ligand H60a in vitro: implications for use of nuclear factor‐κB inhibitors in cancer therapy
Authors: Peinado Carlos , Kang Xi , Hardamon Chanae , Arora Sumit , Mah Stephen , Zhang Hui , Ngolab Jennifer , Bui Jack D. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryNKG2D ligands are cell surface proteins that activate NKG2D, a receptor used by natural killer (NK) cells to detect virus‐infected and transformed cells. When tumour cells express high levels of NKG2D ligands, they are rejected by the immune system. Hence, reagents that increase NKG2D ligand expression on tumour cells can be important for tumour immunotherapy. To identify genes that regulate the NKG2D ligand H60a, we performed a microarray analysis of 3′‐methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma cell lines expressing high versus low H60a levels. A20, an inhibitor of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation, was differentially expressed in H60a‐hi sarcoma cells. Correspondingly, treatment of tumour cells with inhibitors of NF‐κB activation, such as sulfasalazine (slz), BAY‐11‐7085, or a non‐phosphorylatable IκB, led to increased levels of H60a protein, whereas transduction of cells with an active form of IκB kinase‐β (IKKβ) led to decreased levels of H60a. The regulation probably occurred at the transcriptional level, because NF‐κB pathway inhibition led to increased H60a transcripts and promoter activity. Moreover, treatment of tumour cells with slz enhanced their killing by NK cells in vitro, suggesting that NF‐κB inhibition can lead to tumour cell rejection. Indeed, when we blocked the NF‐κB pathway specifically in tumour cells, there was decreased tumour growth in wild‐type but not immune‐deficient mice. Our results suggest that reagents that can block NF‐κB activity specifically in the tumour and not the host immune cells would be efficacious for tumour therapy.
Angler behaviour and implications for management ‐ catch‐and‐release among marine angling tourists in Norway
Authors: Ferter K. , Borch T. , Kolding J. , Vølstad J. H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe role of recreational fisheries in the competition for marine resources is increasingly recognised. Their contribution in stock dynamics needs to be accounted for in assessments and management. Management regulations should be based on scientific advice on human and biological dimensions to be effective in reaching their goals. A survey among marine angling tourists staying in fishing camps in two study areas in Norway was conducted to study catch‐and‐release (C&R) behaviour. Although C&R has been assumed to be low in many marine recreational fisheries, this survey showed that for some species, more than 60% of the catch was released. As C&R may be associated with post‐release mortalities, the current management system could be inefficient towards its aim of reducing fishing mortality. It was concluded that it is necessary to quantify release mortalities, to consider C&R behaviour in future management decisions, and to minimise the potential negative impacts of C&R through handling guidelines.
Cost‐effectiveness of single‐dose tamsulosin and dutasteride combination therapy compared with tamsulosin monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in theUK
Authors: Walker Anna , Doyle Scott , Posnett John , Hunjan Manjit 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?UKclinical guidelines for treating male patients with moderate to severeLUTSassociated withBPHrecommend treatment with an alpha‐blocker (such as tamsulosin) in cases where conservative management options have not been successful or are not appropriate. An alpha‐blocker plus 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitor (such as dutasteride) is recommended for those patients with moderate to severe symptoms and prostate volume >30 mL.The present study evaluates the cost‐effectiveness of a new, single‐dose combination of tamsulosin and dutasteride (Combodart®) from the perspective of theUK NationalHealthService. The results show that the combination therapy has a high probability of being cost‐effective compared with either monotherapy, and compared with the two therapies taken separately. The probability of the combination therapy being cost‐effective at an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio threshold in the range £25 000–£30 000 per quality‐adjusted life year is 78–88%.ObjectiveTo estimate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of single‐dose dutasteride/tamsulosin combination therapy as a first‐line treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from the perspective of theUK NationalHealthService (NHS).MethodsAMarkov state transition model was developed to estimate healthcare costs and patient outcomes, measured by quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), for patients aged ≥50 years with diagnosedBPHand moderate to severe symptoms.Costs and outcomes were estimated for two treatment comparators: oral, daily, single‐dose combination therapy (dutasteride 0.5 mg + tamsulosin 0.4 mg), and oral daily tamsulosin (0.4 mg) over a period up to 25 years.The efficacy of comparators was taken from results of theCombination ofAvodart andTamsulosin (CombAT) trial.ResultsCumulative discounted costs per patient were higher with combination therapy than with tamsulosin, butQALYswere also higher.After 25 years, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for combination therapy was £12 219, well within the threshold range (£20 000–£30 000 perQALY) typically applied in theNHS.Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of combination therapy being cost‐effective given the threshold range is between 78% and 88%.ConclusionSingle‐dose combination dutasteride/tamsulosin therapy has a high probability of being cost‐effective in comparison to tamsulosin monotherapy in theUK‘sNHS.
Gunshot wounds in military working dogs inOperationEnduringFreedom andOperationIraqiFreedom: 29 cases (2003–2009)
Authors: Baker Janice L. , Havas Karyn A. , Miller Laura A. , Lacy Ward. A. , Schlanser Justin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the patient population, injuries, and treatment received on the battlefield, and ultimate outcome ofU.S. military working dogs that incurred gunshot wound (GSW) injury inOperationEnduringFreedom (Afghanistan) orOperationIraqiFreedom (Iraq).DesignRetrospective study betweenJanuary 2003 andDecember 2009.AnimalsTwenty‐nine military working dogs from theU.S. military with confirmed GSW injuries incurred in combat inOperationEnduringFreedom orOperationIraqiFreedom.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsClinical data from battlefield treatment, which includes care from the point of injury through arrival to, but not including, a designated veterinary treatment facility. Twenty‐nine dogs were injured between 2003 and 2009. All but one of the injuries were from high caliber, high velocity weapons. Of the 29 injured dogs, 11 survived the injuries and 18 died (38% survival rate). Of the dogs that died, all but 1 died from catastrophic nonsurvivable injuries before treatment or evacuation could be instituted. The thorax was the most common site of injury (50%) followed by extremity wounds (46%). The leading cause of death from GSWs was from thoracic wounds, followed by head wounds. Dogs with extremity wounds as their only injury were most likely to survive, and dogs with multiple injuries were least likely to survive. All surviving dogs received treatment at the point of injury by military medics and dog handlers consistent withTacticalCombatCasualtyCare guidelines for combat injuries in human service members. Of the 11 that survived, all dogs returned to full duty with subsequent deployment to combat zones. Location of wounds and injury severity at the time of presentation to veterinary care was not correlated with length of time until return to duty.
Falsely increased plasma lactate concentration due to ethylene glycol poisoning in 2 dogs
Authors: Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe false increases in plasma lactate concentration measured on point‐of‐care analyzers in 2 dogs with ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication.Case SummaryTwo dogs presenting with EG intoxication had extreme increases of plasma lactate concentrations recorded on a point‐of‐care machine. Laboratory analysis by spectrophotometry of lactate concentration determined these lactate measurements to be erroneous. False increases in plasma lactate concentration were demonstrated in 2 out of 3 point‐of‐care machines tested.New or Unique Information ProvidedGlycolate, a toxic metabolite of EG, can interfere with the measurement of plasma lactate by some analyzers and this may delay the correct diagnosis of EG toxicity if not recognized.
Religion, Violence, and Human Rights
Authors: Johnson James Turner 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBeginning with the support given by religious groups to humanitarian intervention for the protection of basic human rights in the debates of the 1990s, this essay examines the use of the human rights idea in relation to international law on armed conflict, the “Responsibility To Protect” doctrine, and the development of the idea of sovereignty associated with the “Westphalian system” of international order, identifying a dilemma: that the idea of human rights undergirds both the principle of non‐intervention in the internal affairs of states and the idea of an international responsibility for humanitarian intervention in cases of oppression. The pre‐Westphalian conception of sovereignty as moral responsibility for the common good is then examined as an alternative that avoids this dilemma, and the essay concludes by suggesting that religious ethics also has other resources that, if used, may shed useful light on resolving this problem.
Promoting Use of Booster Seats in Rural Areas Through Community Sports Programs
Authors: Aitken Mary E. , Miller Beverly K. , Anderson Byron L. , Swearingen Christopher J. , Monroe Kathy W. , Daniels Dawn , O‧Neil Joseph , “Tres” Scherer L.R. , Hafner John , Mullins Samantha H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundBooster seats reduce mortality and morbidity for young children in car crashes, but use is low, particularly in rural areas. This study targeted rural communities in 4 states using a community sports‐based approach.ObjectiveThe Strike Out Child Passenger Injury (Strike Out) intervention incorporated education about booster seat use in children ages 4‐7 years within instructional baseball programs. We tested the effectiveness of Strike Out in increasing correct restraint use among participating children.MethodsTwenty communities with similar demographics from 4 states participated in a nonrandomized, controlled trial. Surveys of restraint use were conducted before and after baseball season. Intervention communities received tailored education and parents had direct consultation on booster seat use. Control communities received only brochures.ResultsOne thousand fourteen preintervention observation surveys for children ages 4‐7 years (Intervention Group [I]: N = 511, Control [C]: N = 503) and 761 postintervention surveys (I: N = 409, C: N = 352) were obtained. For 3 of 4 states, the intervention resulted in increases in recommended child restraint use (Alabama +15.5%, Arkansas +16.1%, Illinois +11.0%). Communities in 1 state (Indiana) did not have a positive response (–9.2%). Overall, unadjusted restraint use increased 10.2% in intervention and 1.7% in control communities (P = .02). After adjustment for each state in the study, booster seat use was increased in intervention communities (Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval [1.16‐2.10]).ConclusionsA tailored intervention using baseball programs increased appropriate restraint use among targeted rural children overall and in 3 of 4 states studied. Such interventions hold promise for expansion into other sports and populations.
Residential Location, Job Location, and Wages: Theory and Empirics
Authors: Vejlin Rune 
Published: January 2013

AbstractI develop a stylized partial on‐the‐job equilibrium search model that incorporates a spatial dimension. Workers reside on a circle and can move at a cost. Each point on the circle has a wage distribution. Implications about wages and job mobility are drawn from the model and tested on Danish matched employer–employee data. The model predictions hold true. I find that workers working farther away from their residence earn higher wages. When a worker is making a job‐to‐job transition where he/she changes workplace location he/she experiences a higher wage change than a worker making a job‐to‐job transition without changing workplace location. However, workers making a job‐to‐job transition that makes the workplace location closer to the residence experience a wage drop. Furthermore, low‐wage workers and workers with high transportation costs are more likely to make job‐to‐job transitions, but also residential moves.
Multiple symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Norway
Authors: Bentsen Signe Berit , Gundersen Doris , Assmus Joerg , Bringsvor Heidi , Berland Astrid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the prevalence of multiple symptoms and the relationships between future expectations and multiple symptoms in a cross‐sectional study of 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A questionnaire was used to examine the patients’ symptoms of breathlessness, anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, fatigue, and pain, and their outlook for the future. All patients reported breathlessness, 64% anxiety, 69% depression, 28% sleeplessness, 72% fatigue, and 45% pain. Those with anxiety reported significant depression (P < 0.001), and those with fatigue reported significant depression (P = 0.004). Patients who reported pain also reported significant sleeplessness (P = 0.022). A negative outlook for the future was reported by 42% of patients who also reported significantly more anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, fatigue, and pain (P ≤ 0.049). Multiple symptoms are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients with a pessimistic view of the future reported more symptoms. Those with multiple symptoms and a negative outlook toward the future may benefit from interventions to help them achieve a more positive outlook for the future, which may relieve symptom burden.
From disguised protectionism to rewarding regulation: The impact of trade‐related labor standards in theDominicanRepublic
Authors: Schrank Andrew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPolicymakers in theDominicanRepublic have responded to foreign pressure by rewriting their labor laws and revitalizing their labor ministry. What are the likely consequences? Is aggressive labor law enforcement more likely to protect vulnerable workers from abuse and exploitation or to undermine their ability to compete for labor‐intensive employment in an unforgiving world economy? And what are the broader implications of the answer?Iaddress these questions by analyzing qualitative as well as quantitative data on workplace regulators empowered by theDominicanRepublic in response to trade‐related labor standards imposed by theUnitedStates and find that they reconcile social protection with economic adjustment by simultaneously discouraging “low road” employment practices like informality, union‐busting, and the exploitation of child labor, and encouraging “high road” alternatives that link firms, farms, and families, on the one hand, to public educational, training, and financial institutions, on the other. The result is a potentially inclusive alternative to the repressive industrial relations regime that fueled export‐led development – and theEastAsian “miracle” in particular – in the late twentieth century.
Prediction Skill and Bias of Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2
Authors: Xue Yan , Chen Mingyue , Kumar Arun , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The prediction skill and bias of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in the retrospective forecasts of the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction were examined. The CFSv2 was initialized from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) over 1982–2010. There was a systematic cold bias in the central–eastern equatorial Pacific during summer/fall. The cold bias in the Niño-3.4 index was about −2.5°C in summer/fall before 1999 but suddenly changed to −1°C around 1999, related to a sudden shift in the trade winds and equatorial subsurface temperature in the CFSR.
The SST anomaly (SSTA) was computed by removing model climatology for the periods 1982–98 and 1999–2010 separately. The standard deviation (STD) of forecast SSTA agreed well with that of observations in 1982–98, but in 1999–2010 it was about 200% too strong in the eastern Pacific and 50% too weak near the date line during winter/spring. The shift in STD bias was partially related to change of ENSO characteristics: central Pacific (CP) El Niños were more frequent than eastern Pacific (EP) El Niños after 2000. The composites analysis shows that the CFSv2 had a tendency to delay the onset phase of the EP El Niños in the 1980s and 1990s but predicted their decay phases well. In contrast, the CFSv2 predicted the onset phase of the CP El Niños well but prolonged their decay phase. The hit rate for both El Niño and La Niña was lower in the later period than in the early period, and the false alarm for La Niña increased appreciably from the early to the later period.