bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mechanism for Explaining the Maximum Intraseasonal Oscillation Center over the Western North Pacific*
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
During late boreal summer (July–October), the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) exhibits maximum variability over the western North Pacific (WNP) centered in the South China Sea and Philippine Sea, but many numerical models have difficulty in simulating this essential feature of the ISO. To understand why this maximum variability center exists, the authors advance a simple box model to elaborate the potential contribution of the mean-state-dependent atmosphere–ocean interaction. The model results suggest that the WNP seasonal mean monsoon trough plays an essential role in sustaining a strong stationary ISO, contributing to the existence of the maximum intraseasonal variability center. First, the monsoon trough provides abundant moisture supply for the growing ISO disturbances through the frictional boundary layer moisture convergence. Second, the cyclonic winds associated with the monsoon trough provide a favorable basic state to support a negative atmosphere–ocean thermodynamic feedback that sustains a prominent stationary ISO. In an active phase of the ISO, anomalous cyclonic winds enhance the monsoon trough and precipitation, which reduce shortwave radiation flux and increase evaporation; both processes cool the sea surface and lead to an ensuing high pressure anomaly and a break phase of the ISO. In the wintertime, however, the wind–evaporation feedback is positive and sustains the Philippine Sea anticyclone. The result here suggests that accurate simulation of the boreal summer climatological mean state is critical for capturing a realistic ISO over the WNP region.
Forecasting Challenges Associated with Tropical Cyclones within Subtropical Gyres
Authors: Crandall Brian , Molinari John , Vollaro David 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This case study examines the complex history of a tropical storm that formed southeast of a large subtropical gyre. In real time the tropical storm was incorrectly identified as being two separate storms, and at one time was mislocated by 465 km. The unique forecast problems associated with tropical cyclones within a subtropical gyre are described. The tropical storm propagated around the gyre and encountered a midlevel temperature gradient to the north. The interaction of the storm with this gradient produced a strong midtropospheric temperature dipole. Temperature advection within this feature produced a change in structure to a subtropical storm corotating with an upper low. The subtropical storm turned equatorward and nearly came to a halt as the upper low became aligned with the storm. As convection increased over warm water, the upper low shifted away from the center and the storm reversed direction and moved poleward. These sudden track changes have frequently been observed in the northwest Pacific, but the role of midtropospheric temperature gradients has not previously been addressed. Clear air at the gyre center coincided with a region of cold advection. A fishhook structure in the gyre cloudiness developed as a result of warm advection east and north of the gyre. The subtropical structure of the storm evolved within the fishhook. It is recommended that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) provide formal warnings on subtropical storms, because their baroclinic nature can produce dramatic track changes associated with the presence of upper lows near the center.
L’expérience du consommateur dans le commerce de détail. Une revue de littérature
Authors: Antéblian Blandine , Filser Marc , Roederer Claire 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Le thème de l’expérience s’est constitué en objet de recherche en marketing, grâce aux efforts investis par de nombreux distributeurs dans la création d’offres expérientielles. La littérature académique s’est d’abord concentrée sur les antécédents, la recherche et les conséquences de l’expérience, avant de prendre en compte le contenu même de l’expérience. Les stratégies des détaillants peuvent être analysées en mobilisant des grilles de lecture fondées sur la nature de la participation du consommateur à la production de l’expérience, ou sur le caractère extraordinaire ou ordinaire de l’expérience proposée. Le modèle synthétique proposé permet de rendre compte de l’expérience du consommateur dans la sphère réelle comme dans la sphère virtuelle du commerce de détail.
L’expérience d’achat outre-frontière sur Internet : proposition d’un modèle conceptuel
Authors: Boeuf Benjamin , Sénécal Sylvain 
Published: October 2013

Résumé L’achat outre-frontière a très peu été étudié lorsque qu’il s’effectue sur Internet. Cet article propose un modèle conceptuel des déterminants de l’expérience d’achat outre-frontière sur Internet. Six déterminants et un modérateur de l’intention d’achat sont proposés. Les implications de ce modèle et des perspectives de recherche sont présentées.
Le magasinage dans un centre commercial: une typologie de quatre parcours
Authors: Trévinal Aurélia Michaud 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Tous les clients empruntent-ils les mêmes itinéraires ? Les parcours de magasinage et les comportements issus de l’interaction avec l’espace commercial sont peu étudiés. A partir d’une observation de 209 parcours dans un centre commercial, cette recherche identifie quatre types de parcours : le « passage », le « pragmatique », la « pérégrination » et « l’appropriation ». La typologie est obtenue par une analyse sémiotique, confirmée par une analyse statistique (nuées dynamiques puis analyse discriminante). Les parcours traduisent les différentes appropriations de l’espace commercial. Ils expriment en actes les expériences co-créées par les magasineurs et leur environnement.
Computational approaches for discovery of common immunomodulators in fungal infections: towards broad-spectrum immunotherapeutic interventions
Authors: Kidane Yared H , Lawrence Christopher , Murali T M 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundFungi are the second most abundant type of human pathogens. Invasive fungal pathogens are leading causes of life-threatening infections in clinical settings. Toxicity to the host and drug-resistance are two major deleterious issues associated with existing antifungal agents. Increasing a host’s tolerance and/or immunity to fungal pathogens has potential to alleviate these problems. A host’s tolerance may be improved by modulating the immune system such that it responds more rapidly and robustly in all facets, ranging from the recognition of pathogens to their clearance from the host. An understanding of biological processes and genes that are perturbed during attempted fungal exposure, colonization, and/or invasion will help guide the identification of endogenous immunomodulators and/or small molecules that activate host-immune responses such as specialized adjuvants.ResultsIn this study, we present computational techniques and approaches using publicly available transcriptional data sets, to predict immunomodulators that may act against multiple fungal pathogens. Our study analyzed data sets derived from host cells exposed to five fungal pathogens, namely,Alternaria alternata,Aspergillus fumigatus,Candida albicans,Pneumocystis jirovecii, andStachybotrys chartarum. We observed statistically significant associations between host responses toA. fumigatusandC. albicans. Our analysis identified biological processes that were consistently perturbed by these two pathogens. These processes contained both immune response-inducing genes such as MALT1, SERPINE1, ICAM1, and IL8, and immune response-repressing genes such as DUSP8, DUSP6, and SPRED2. We hypothesize that these genes belong to a pool of common immunomodulators that can potentially be activated or suppressed (agonized or antagonized) in order to render the host more tolerant to infections caused byA. fumigatusandC. albicans.ConclusionsOur computational approaches and methodologies described here can now be applied to newly generated or expanded data sets for further elucidation of additional drug targets. Moreover, identified immunomodulators may be used to generate experimentally testable hypotheses that could help in the discovery of broad-spectrum immunotherapeutic interventions. All of our results are available at the following supplementary website:http://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/~murali/supplements/2013-kidane-bmc
Chemical composition and antioxidant capacities of phytococktail extracts from trans-Himalayan cold desert
Authors: Dhar Priyanka , Bajpai Prabodh Kumar , Tayade Amol Bapurao , Chaurasia Om Prakash , Srivastava Ravi Bihari , Singh Shashi Bala 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Himalayan plants are widely used in traditional system of medicine both as prophylactics and therapeutics for high altitude maladies. Our aim was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds of methanol and n-hexane extracts of the phytococktail comprising of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and roseroot (Rhodiola imbricata) from trans-Himalaya.

Methods
The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacities and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) property of the extracts were determined. Total antioxidant power was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Total polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonol, proanthocyanidin and carotenoid were also estimated for both extracts. We have identified and quantified the phyto-chemotypes present in the methanol and n-hexane extracts by hyphenated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique.

Results
Antioxidant capacity assays using DPPH, ABTS, NO, LPI and FRAP exhibited analogous results where the phytococktail showed high antioxidant action. The phytococktail was also found to possess high quantity of total polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonol and carotenoid. A significant and linear correlation was found between the antioxidant capacities and bioactive principles. A total of 32 phyto-chemotypes were identified from these extracts by GC/MS chemometric fingerprinting. Major phyto-chemotypes identified by GC/MS were glycosides, phenylpropanoids and derivatives, terpenoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, fatty acids and esters, alkaloids and derivatives, organic acid esters and aromatic ethers with positive biological and pharmacological actions.

Conclusion
The phytococktail extracts were found to contain considerable amount of diverse bioactive compounds with high antioxidant capacities. The presence of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in the phytococktail could have contributed to the higher antioxidant values. Hence, the phytococktail could be used as natural source of antioxidants to ameliorate disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Northern Venezuela
Authors: Convit Jacinto , Schuler Harland , Borges Rafael , Olivero Vimerca , Domínguez-Vázquez Alfredo , Frontado Hortencia , Grillet María E 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Onchocerciasis is caused by Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium species (black flies). In the Americas, the infection has been previously described in 13 discrete regional foci distributed among six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela) where more than 370,000 people are currently considered at risk. Since 2001, disease control in Venezuela has relied on the mass drug administration to the at-risk communities. This report provides empirical evidence of interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium metallicum in 510 endemic communities from two Northern foci of Venezuela, after 10–12 years of 6-monthly Mectizan® (ivermectin) treatment to all the eligible residents.

Methods
In-depth entomologic and epidemiologic surveys were serially conducted from 2001–2012 in selected (sentinel and extra-sentinel) communities from the North-central (NC) and North-east (NE) onchocerciasis foci of Venezuela in order to monitor the impact of ivermectin treatment.

Results
From 2007–2009, entomological indicators in both foci confirmed that 0 out of 112,637 S. metallicum females examined by PCR contained L3 infection in insect heads. The upper bound of the 95% confidence intervals of the infective rate of the vector reached values below 1% by 2009 (NC) and 2012 (NE). Additionally, after 14 (NC) and 22 (NE) rounds of treatment, the seasonal transmission potential (±UL CIs) of S. metallicum was under the critical threshold of 20 L3 per person per season. Serological analysis in school children < 15 years-old demonstrated that 0 out of 6,590 individuals were harboring antibodies to Ov-16. Finally, epidemiological surveys made during 2010 (NC) and 2012 (NE) showed no evidence of microfilariae in the skin and eyes of the population.

Conclusions
These results meet the WHO criteria for absence of parasite transmission and disease morbidity in these endemic areas which represent 91% of the population previously at-risk in the country. Consequently, the two Northern foci are currently under post-treatment onchocerciasis surveillance status in Venezuela.
Muscle ultrasound for early assessment of critical illness neuromyopathy in severe sepsis
Authors: Grimm Alexander , Teschner Ulrike , Porzelius Christine , Ludewig Katrin , Zielske Jörg , Witte Otto W , Brunkhorst Frank M , Axer Hubertus 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Muscle ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. The current observational study evaluates the usefulness of muscle ultrasound in patients with severe sepsis for assessment of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CINM) in the intensive care unit.

Methods
28 patients with either septic shock or severe sepsis underwent clinical neurological examinations, muscle ultrasound, and nerve conduction studies on days 4 and 14 after onset of sepsis. 26 healthy controls of comparable age underwent clinical neurological evaluation and muscle ultrasound only.

Results
26 of the 28 patients exhibited classic electrophysiological characteristics of CINM, and all showed typical clinical signs. Ultrasonic echogenicity of muscles was graded semiquantitatively and fasciculations were evaluated in muscles of proximal and distal arms and legs. 75% of patients showed a mean echotexture greater than 1.5, which was the maximal value found in the control group. A significant difference in mean muscle echotexture between patients and controls was found at day 4 and day 14 (both p < 0.001). In addition, from day 4 to day 14, the mean grades of muscle echotexture increased in the patient group, although the values did not reach significance levels (p = 0.085). Controls revealed the lowest number of fasciculations. In the patients group, fasciculations were detected in more muscular regions (lower and upper arm and leg) in comparison to controls (p = 0.08 at day 4 and p = 0.002 at day 14).

Conclusions
Muscle ultrasound represents an easily applicable, non-invasive diagnostic tool which adds to neurophysiological testing information regarding morphological changes of muscles early in the course of sepsis. Muscle ultrasound could be useful for screening purposes prior to subjecting patients to more invasive techniques such as electromyography and/or muscle biopsy.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS-ID:DRKS00000642.
Lese- und Literaturpädagogik in der Bibliothek
Authors: Knieling Barbara 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Eine sich wandelnde Gesellschaft postuliert an bestehende Berufsbilder neue Aufgaben. Bibliotheken stehen vor der Frage, worin ihr künftiges Kerngeschäft liegen wird. Der traditionelle Aufgabenbereich Leseförderung gewinnt an Bedeutung und bedarf spezieller Kompetenzen seitens der Mitarbeiter. Diese vermittelt die interdisziplinäre Weiterbildung „Lese- und Literaturpädagogik“, welche vom Bundesverband Leseförderung konzipiert wurde. Die Basis bildet der gleichnamige Kompetenzrahmen „Lese- und Literaturpädagogik“, der neben Fach- und Methodenkompetenz bewusst auch Personal- und Sozialkompetenzen integriert und die Grundlage des Curriculums darstellt.
Emission spectra study of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of intrinsic,n+, andp+amorphous silicon thin films
Authors: Lee I-Syuan , Kuo Yue 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe PECVD intrinsic,n+, andp+a-Si:H thin film deposition processes have been studied by the optical emission spectroscope to monitor the plasma phase chemistry. Process parameters, such as the plasma power, pressure, and gas flow rate, were correlated to SiH*, Hα*, and Hβ* optical intensities. For all films, the deposition rate increases with the increase of the SiH* intensity. For the doped films, the Hα*/SiH* ratio is a critical factor affecting the resistivity. The existence of PH3or B2H6in the feed stream enhances the deposition rate. Changes of the free radicals intensities can be used to explain variation of film characteristics under different deposition conditions.
Field Specific KPI - An Innovative Approach to Drilling Performance Management
Authors: Weekse Alexander , Al-Mumen Adib , Al-Hajji Ali , Muqeem Muhammad , Abouelnaaj Khaled 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The importance of improving the efficiency of drilling operations in the E&P industry cannot be overemphasized, since it directly impacts the overall cost of constructing oil and gas wells. The key performance indicator (KPI) for measuring drilling efficiency is feet per day (ft/d).
In Saudi Aramco, a high level target KPI is normally generated separately for new development oil wells and gas wells, using a benchmark (BM) method based on actual and projected performance. The drilling teams found it difficult to relate individual well performance to the high level KPI target and were unable to properly strategize to improve performance. A new method, the field specific KPI, was developed to complement the BM method and provide a more user-friendly platform to manage performance.
Notable impacts of the new method include; improved planning, accurate monitoring of performance for prompt corrective action; and enhanced accountability and variance analysis from individual wells to fields, departments and the high level. These were demonstrated to be the prime drivers to improve performance.
This paper presents the process of generating the drilling performance efficiency KPIs using the existing BM method and the new field specific method. The scope, strengths, benefits and weaknesses of both methods are also addressed.
Using Real-Time Operations Interventions in a Drilling and Subsurface Collaborative Environment
Authors: Fayzullin T. , Kowalchuk P. , Goebel T. , Shopeju A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Real-time centres have been valuable in the oil and gas industry since the rapid growth of their use in the late 1990s. Both service and operating companies have embraced the advantages of having field data available at any time during the operation and making such data accessible to many subject matter experts, regardless of their locations. Substantial improvements in service quality and operational efficiency have been achieved, proving the true value provided by these centers. But many of these centres were also built assuming they would become incubators of collaboration between the different teams that participate in both the design and execution of the well construction process. The benefits so widely observed for the execution phase are currently difficult to find reflected in added collaboration between the different stakeholders during well preplanning and design. The question arises if real-time centres can deliver on the promise of integration, or if they are tools to be used only during execution.
This paper presents an implementation showing that there is still room for real-time centres to evolve. After developing a new method of managing and using real-time interventions, the subject centre captured information during the execution phase and made it available for collaborative planning sessions. The information was captured, stored, and consumed in such a way that all participating teams could use it to help make better decisions. This paper presents details on both the implementation of and early results for a center operating in Dubai and overseeing operations in Iraq that evolved into an Integrated Operations Centre (IOC).
Competency Assurance Management System For Drilling
Authors: El-Bishti Abulgasem M. , Al-Marzooqi Abdul Mohsen , Al-Ghaithi Sultan S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to show and increase understanding of the concept for competency assurance in order to encourage associations of drilling professionals (Applicable to any industry) so they can develop their own and to motivate Drilling personnel to participate in this program. The concept of this program (competency assurance system) is used and it's applicable and usefulness for all who's concerned with the main capital asst (people) of all the new Engineers joining Drilling Division.
This paper illustrates the work carried out by the Competency Assurance Management System team within the manpower development division in developing a competence assurance framework for Well Engineering, Drilling Supervisor, Completion & Wireline Engineer, Drilling Chemical Fluids Engineer - applicable across All ADNOC Group and the way forward of implementation, monitoring and continuous following up.
This type of Work (WE - DFW) extracted from job description and job requirements of all OPCO's through their representatives, Skill Pool Experts (SPE'S).
This work established in order to meet the business needs of drilling industry within OPCO's and to be capable of being audited which just done this year - 2013 by OPCO'S SPE'S and continuously measured through an agreed defined system and pre-defined performance criteria.
The final product of this effort is a formal training program supported by endorsed training records and formal accreditation, (Top Management) then implemented through experienced personal using well defined tools as tour, monthly and Bi Annually reviews and finally a quarterly meeting with Presidents/Vice Presidents.
The Competency Assurance Management System will be well defined as process wise and explained through the paper. It will shown how this program guaranteed a competent engineers on site or in office to work with solid experience so they can deliver a high quality drilling wells in order to achieve the company current and future targets.
Hopefully this type of work adds value to the whole community and supports the strategies of development and advancement and makes certain cure to the whole unemployment difficulties.