bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coxa Recta, Coxa Profunda and Abductor Ratio: Hip Morphology Variants Compared in An Arthroplasty and Control Population
Authors: de Boer Stefan F. , Bouma Heinse W. , Pollard Tom C. , van Kampen Paulien M. , Carr Andrew J. , Hogervorst Tom 
Published: February 2013

Morphology variants of the hip such as coxa recta (aspherical femoral head and/or reduced head-neck concavity) or coxa profunda (overcoverage, or “deep” socket) are associated with cam and pincer impingement respectively, and may ultimately lead to coxarthrosis. Several population studies have documented the prevalence of hip morphotypes, but few studies have examined this prevalence in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients, or persons without hip symptoms or signs. We reviewed whether coxa recta and profunda morphotypes were more prevalent in THA patients compared to normal controls. Further, we explored differences in hip abductor mechanism related to hip morphology. We examined 113 THA patients and 83 normal controls with anteroposterior pelvic and lateral hip radiographs. Coxa recta and profunda were classified with alpha and lateral CE-angle, respectively. The abductor ratio (AR) was measured on AP pelvic radiographs. Both coxa recta and profunda were more prevalent in THA patients than normal controls (coxa recta: male 42% vs 8%, female 15% vs 5%, respectively and coxa profunda: male 20% vs 1%, female 19% vs 6% respectively). AR was higher in females than males, both in THA patients (1.66 vs 1.47) and normal controls (1.68 vs 1.57). Coxa profunda was associated with a lower AR (1.54 vs 1.61). The higher prevalence of coxa recta and profunda in arthroplasty patients supports the theory of a role of these morphotypes in the development of coxarthrosis. The higher AR in females signifies the need for increased abductor work. Coxa profunda may be an adaptation to lower the AR.
A 8-Year-Forgotten Ureteral Stent after Kidney Transplantation: Treatment and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Lasaponara Fedele , Dalmasso Ettore , Santià Silvia , Sedigh Omidreza , Bosio Andrea , Pasquale Giovanni , Segoloni Giuseppe P. , Fontana Dario 
Published: February 2013

Introduction Forgotten indwelling ureteral stents can cause significant urological complications. Only few cases are reported after kindney transplantation. Materials and Methods We present a case of a 39-year-old woman, transplanted in 1993 and referred to our Transplant Center 8 years later, because of a serious urinary tract infection with renal function impairment. Abdominal CT scan showed pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis in the transplanted kidney and the presence of a calcific ureteral stent, which had been forgotten in situ for 8 years. The stent was removed, but it was impossibile to replace it with a new stent both retrogradely and anterogradely, because of a tight obstruction of the mid ureter. So a uretero-ureteral anastomosis with up urinary tract was performed. Results No intra- or post-operative complications occurred. At 9 years’ follow-up, the patient shows an optimal renal function, with no urinary tract infection. Discussion A forgotten ureteral stent in a trasplanted kidney can cause a lot of complications and can lead to graft loss. The prosthesis may cause an irreversibile ureteral damage, so, as in our experience, forgetting a ureteral stent can result in a complex surgery.
Predictive Models in Urology
Authors: Cestari Andrea 
Published: February 2013

Predictive modeling is emerging as an important knowledge-based technology in healthcare. The interest in the use of predictive modeling reflects advances on different fronts such as the availability of health information from increasingly complex databases and electronic health records, a better understanding of causal or statistical predictors of health, disease processes and multifactorial models of ill-health and developments in nonlinear computer models using artificial intelligence or neural networks. These new computer-based forms of modeling are increasingly able to establish technical credibility in clinical contexts. The current state of knowledge is still quite young in understanding the likely future direction of how this so-called ‘machine intelligence’ will evolve and therefore how current relatively sophisticated predictive models will evolve in response to improvements in technology, which is advancing along a wide front. Predictive models in urology are gaining progressive popularity not only for academic and scientific purposes but also into the clinical practice with the introduction of several nomograms dealing with the main fields of onco-urology.
L’homme qui vend des bouts de papier : Portrait sociologique des agents d’assurance vie au Québec, 1900-19601
Authors: Fournier Jonathan 
Published: February 2013

Cet article porte sur le développement de la profession d’agent d’assurance vie au Québec. Nous verrons les caractéristiques de ce métier qui recrute chaque année des milliers d’agents. Ces derniers doivent convaincre une population réticente à l’idée de fixer une « valeur monétaire à leur vie ». Si plusieurs échouent dans leur tentative de devenir agent d’assurance, ceux qui réussissent amassent de petites fortunes. Voilà donc une profession où l’on peut devenir riche sans disposer d’un capital de départ, ni d’études particulières, pas étonnant qu’elle attire autant de candidats, bons ou mauvais.
Fabrication of Gradient TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Foil by Anodization
Authors: Ni Jia‐Hua , Frandsen Christine J. , Chen Li‐Han , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Khamwannah Jirapon , He Guo , Tang Ting‐Ting , Jin Sungho 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new anodization based method is developed to fabricate a gradient in TiO2 nanotube diameters and lengths on Ti foil. In the method, the applied anodization voltage is increased step by step, while the Ti foil is immersed into an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid progressively during anodization. The gradient TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameters ranging from 55 to 105 nm and lengths ranging from 300 to 500 nm across 12 mm of Ti foil are obtained. The formation mechanism of gradient diameter and length is also discussed. The gradient structure is potentially useful as new cell instructive materials (CIMs) for guided cell movement and culture, novel drug delivery vehicles, size‐selective biosensors, or other sensor applications.
Fluorinated Polymer Yields High Organic Solar Cell Performance for a Wide Range of Morphologies
Authors: Tumbleston John R. , Stuart Andrew C. , Gann Eliot , You Wei , Ade Harald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDevice performance is recognized to be generally sensitive to morphology in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Through the use of quantitative morphological measurements, it is demonstrated that devices based on benzodithiophene and fluorinated benzotriazole moieties constitute an exception to this design rule and exhibit a range of morphologies that yield similar high performance. In particular, the fill factor (FF) remains above 65% even with factor of two changes in domain size and factor of two changes in relative domain purity. Devices with active layer thicknesses of 250 nm are employed, which are capable of increasing optical absorption to produce high photocurrent. The general insensitivity to both morphology and thickness is likely related to the measured low equilibrium miscibility of fullerene in the polymer of 3‐4%. The materials and processes investigated therefore provide insights into functional material design that yield increased processing latitude and may be more amenable to roll‐to‐roll processing.
Success Factors of Cause‐Related Marketing in Germany
Authors: Langen Nina , Grebitus Carola , Hartmann Monika 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCause‐related marketing (CrM) campaigns are increasingly used by firms as a marketing tool to promote and differentiate their products from those of competitors. Nevertheless, little is known about consumers’ attitudes, knowledge, and perception regarding CrM campaigns and the communication channels they use to learn about CrM. In this article the authors focus on the role of these and other success factors such as cause–brand fit and product fit influencing German consumers’ willingness to buy a CrM promoted product. Results from a consumer study provide evidence that consumers in general hold positive attitudes towards CrM, but that these are not strongly reflected in intended or actual purchase behavior. Based on factor and cluster analyses the authors derive marketing recommendations for companies on how to effectively address different consumer segments regarding the CrM products. We identify four groups of consumers that differ in their attitudes towards CrM products. While some consumers appreciate CrM products, others are more critical towards the concept of CrM. [JEL Classifications: M310, Q13].
Improving mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) by doping with organically functionalized reactive nanosilica
Authors: Shu Huadong , Liu Kai , Liu Feng , Zhang Zhijun , Li Xiaohong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNanosilica particles are functionalized by in situ surface‐modification with trimethyl silane and vinyl silane. Resultant reactive nanosilica (coded as RNS) contains double bonds and possesses good compatibility with vinyl chloride (VC) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This makes it feasible for RNS to copolymerize with VC generating RNS/PVC composites via in situ suspension polymerization. As‐prepared RNS/PVC composite resins are analyzed by means of FTIR. The tensile strength and impact strength of compression‐molded RNS/PVC composites are measured and compared with that of compression‐molded PVC composites doped with dispersible nano‐SiO2 particles (abridged as DNS) surface‐modified with trimethyl silane alone. Moreover, the thermal stability of compression‐molded RNS/PVC and DNS/PVC composites is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. It has been found that RNS/PVC composites possess greatly increased impact strength and tensile strength than PVC matrix, while DNS/PVC composites possess higher impact strength than PVC matrix but almost the same tensile strength as the PVC matrix. This implies that DNS is less effective than RNS in improving the mechanical strength of PVC matrix. Particularly, RNS/PVC composites prepared by in situ suspension polymerization have much higher mechanical strength than RNS/PVC composites prepared by melt‐blending, even when their nanosilica content is only 1/10 of that of the melt‐blended ones. Besides, in situ polymerized RNS/PVC and DNS/PVC composites have better thermal stability than melt‐blended nanosilica/PVC composites. Hopefully, this strategy, may be extended to fabricating various novel high‐performance polymer‐matrix composites doped with organically functionalized nanoparticles like RNS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Crystallization behavior of α‐cellulose short‐fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Wu Jyh‐Hong , Kuo M. C. , Chen Chien‐Wen , Chen Chen‐Wei , Kuan Ping‐Hung , Wang Yu‐Jheng , Jhang Shu‐Yao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe isothermal crystallization behavior of α‐cellulose short‐fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites (PLA/α‐cellulose) was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter and a petrographic microscope. Incorporating a natural micro‐sized cellulose filler increased the spherulite growth rate of the PLA from 3.35 μm/min for neat PLA at 105°C to a maximum of 5.52 μm/min for the 4 wt % PLA/α‐cellulose composite at 105°C. In addition, the inclusion of α‐cellulose significantly increased the crystallinities of the PLA/α‐cellulose composites. The crystallinities for the PLA/α‐cellulose composites that crystallized at 125°C were 48–58%, higher than that of the neat PLA for ∼13.5–37.2%. The Avrami exponent n values for the neat and PLA/α‐cellulose composites ranged from 2.50 to 2.81 and from 2.45 to 3.44, respectively, and the crystallization rates K of the PLA/α‐cellulose composites were higher than those of the neat PLA. The activation energies of crystallization for the PLA/α‐cellulose composites were higher than that of the neat PLA. The inclusion of α‐cellulose imparted more nucleating sites to the PLA polymer. Therefore, it was necessary to release additional energy and initiate molecular deposition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The optimization of lane assignment and signal timing at the tandem intersection with pre‐signal
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Zhuang Hongbin 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents an integrated model for optimizing lane assignment and signal timing at tandem intersection, which is introduced recently. The pre‐signal is utilized in the tandem intersection to reorganize the traffic flow; hence, the vehicles, regardless of whether left‐turns or through vehicles, can be discharged in all the lanes. However, the previous work does not consider the extra traffic disruption and the associated delay caused by the additional pre‐signal. In the paper, the extra delay aroused by the coordination is incorporated in a lane assignment and signal timing optimization model, and the problem is converted into a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. A feasible directions method is hence introduced to solve the mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. The result of the optimization shows that the performance of the tandem intersection is improved and the average delay is minimized. The comparison between the tandem and the conventional configuration is presented, and the results verify that the former shows better performance than the latter. In addition, the optimal sequence corresponding to the turning proportion and the optimal lane assignment at the upstream approach of the pre‐signal are presented. Furthermore, if the number of lanes is equal in all arms, the paper proves that the average delay will be reduced if lane assignment is proportional to the turning proportion and the vehicles with low proportion are discharged in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A likelihood ratio test for goodness‐of‐fit of recessive and dominant models for case–control studies
Authors: Qian Meng , Shao Yongzhao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTesting goodness‐of‐fit of commonly used genetic models is of critical importance in many applications including association studies and testing for departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Case–control design has become widely used in population genetics and genetic epidemiology, thus it is of interest to develop powerful goodness‐of‐fit tests for genetic models using case–control data. This paper develops a likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing recessive and dominant models for case–control studies. The LRT statistic has a closed‐form formula with a simple $\chi^{2}(1)$ null asymptotic distribution, thus its implementation is easy even for genome‐wide association studies. Moreover, it has the same power and optimality as when the disease prevalence is known in the population. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 341–352; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Light signal sending and receiving using Si light‐emitting diode
Authors: Kawakami Yohei , Okamoto Kensho 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIt has been thought that silicon (Si) is a material inapplicable to active optical devices such as light‐emitting diodes (LED) because of its indirect electronic band structure. However, one of the present authors (Okamoto) discovered that commercially available Si photodiodes emitted infrared light, and he developed an original and unique two‐way optical communication system in which each Si photodiode (Si‐PD) played the two roles of light‐emitting diode and light receiver. In this study, we report the observation directly infrared light emission from a PN Si‐PD and a PIN Si‐PD using an infrared camera and measurement of the emission spectra of the Si‐PDs. We succeeded in sending and receiving light signals at room temperature between two PN Si‐PDs, between two PIN Si‐PDs, and also between an Si‐PD and an InGaAs photodiode. This paper presents our novel system for sending and receiving light signals using an Si‐PD as a LED. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(3): 38–44, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11410
Signal processing using a statistical algorithm for vibration measurement with a self‐coupling effect sensor
Authors: Ueno Tatsuya , Tsuda Norio , Yamada Jun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, signal processing using a statistical algorithm for vibration measurement is reported. The algorithm uses the statistical features of the standard deviation of sinusoidal vibration and is capable of accuracy superior to the peak‐to‐peak method. Additionally, the algorithm achieves accuracy as good as or better than the FFT method with less hardware. This method gave good results in simulations and actual measurement values. The method is widely applied in self‐coupling effect sensors and other vibration sensors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(3): 9–16, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11454.
Improvements in pulsed current sharing in driving parallel MOSFETs
Authors: Takagi Hajime , Orihara Masato , Yamada Tsutomu , Yanagidaira Takeshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo switch high‐voltage and high‐current pulses by using MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors, it is necessary to distribute evenly the voltage and current to all elements connected in series and parallel. In parallel connection, the current flowing in each element is different depending on the series resistance and wiring inductance. We verified improvements in pulsed current sharing in parallel transistors which were arranged in line on a printed circuit board. Although the gate and drain wirings were different in length, the pulsed current was evenly distributed by using transmission line transformers. The dissipation in transistors was equalized and four transistors were driven simultaneously near the rated current. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(3): 1–8, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11471.
A carrier phase control suitable for conducted EMI noise reduction in a multiple‐converter system
Authors: Tamate Michio , Toba Akio , Matsumoto Yasushi , Wada Keijo , Shimizu Toshihisa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe conducted EMI noise flowing from power converters to an AC utility line is regulated by international commissions such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Adherence to the IEC regulations requires that EMI filters should be used in power electronics equipment. This paper proposes a method for analyzing conducted EMI noise in multiple power converters connected to the same power line. In this method, the phase difference between subharmonic modulated carrier signals at each power converter is taken into account. The phase difference among the power converters determines the EMI noise level in a multiple converter system, as is evident from the analysis of the waveform of the common mode current. In addition, EMI noise suppression using carrier phase control is proposed. In order to reduce the size of the EMI filter effectively, the phase difference θ should be set to 360/nN°, where n is a high‐order harmonic component near 150 kHz and N is the number of power converters. Therefore, the conducted EMI noise can be reduced effectively with the help of the proposed phase control. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(3): 56–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21305
Discharger using cascaded switched capacitor converters and selectable intermediate taps for electric double‐layer capacitors
Authors: Uno Masatoshi , Tanaka Koji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractElectric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) offer several advantages over traditional batteries, such as a long cycle life, high power capability, and good low‐temperature performance. However, their major drawbacks, such as low specific energy and large voltage variation due to charge/discharge cycling, necessitate the use of high‐efficiency power conversion electronics that can be used to efficiently discharge EDLCs and thus completely utilize the precious stored energy. In this study, we propose a novel discharger for EDLCs; this discharger uses cascaded switched capacitor converters (SCCs) and selectable intermediate taps. Although the voltage conversion ratio of SCCs is fixed, the load voltage can be maintained within a desired range by the selectable intermediate taps. The circuit configuration, operating principles, and procedure for designing SCCs and selectable intermediate taps are presented. Experimental tests were performed using an EDLC module and a 200‐W prototype of the discharger. The obtained results showed that the 60‐V EDLC could be discharged to 30 V with an average efficiency of 96% when the load voltage was maintained within the range of 30 to 40 V. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(3): 37–45, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22281
Coupled analysis technique involving magnetic‐field‐control/circuit simulation and loss estimation for permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Narita Katsuyuki , Yamada Takashi , Sakashita Yoshiyuki , Akatsu Kan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe high‐flux permanent magnet and flux‐barrier structure of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) has strong magnetic saturation and harmonic components. When control algorithms for such machines are examined by performing control simulation, the use of the conventional motor model based on the voltage equation can cause problems. To avoid these problems, we introduce the technique of coupled analysis by magnetic field control and circuit simulation. Further, iron losses generated in the PMSMs can be estimated by the coupled analysis system. The iron losses under various driving conditions are calculated by the coupled analysis system and are compared with measured losses. The comparison shows that the coupled analysis system is suitable for accurately estimating the iron losses of a PMSM. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(3): 9–16, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22347
Structural pounding between adjacent buildings subjected to strong ground motions. Part II: The effect of multiple earthquakes
Authors: Efraimiadou Sofia , Hatzigeorgiou George D. , Beskos Dimitri E. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThe effect of collision between adjacent reinforced concrete building frames under multiple earthquakes is investigated in this paper. The four planar frames and the nine different pairs of adjacent reinforced concrete structures of the first companion paper are also examined here, under five real seismic sequences. Such a sequence of earthquakes results in a significant damage accumulation in a structure because any rehabilitation action between any two successive seismic motions cannot be practically materialised because of lack of time. Various parameters are investigated, such as the maximum horizontal displacement of top floor, ductility of columns, permanent displacements and so on. Furthermore, four different separation gaps between the building frames are considered to determine their influence on the behaviour of these frames. It is concluded that in most of the cases, the seismic sequences appear to be detrimental in comparison with the single seismic events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.