bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VALUING SOCIAL CAPITAL BY THE RESOURCES PEOPLE ALLOCATE TO ONE ANOTHER
Authors: Zischka Lorna 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBritish Household Panel Survey data are used to show that individuals giving up resources for others are associated with communities with less social vices (higher levels of social capital). Analysing resource flows between people offers a new way of evaluating social capital and its determinant factors. Transfers between persons are further analysed using descriptive economic models. Social norms, networks, relative resource endowments and reciprocation all affect resource flows, but altruism determines whether relationships become mutually beneficial and supportive or else extractive and polarising. Positive social capital is characterised by individuals investing resources in people not better off than themselves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phototoxic effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer cells grown as a monolayer and three dimensional multicellular spheroids
Authors: Manoto Sello L. , Houreld Nicolette N. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic diseases. The photochemical interaction of light, photosensitizer (PS) and molecular oxygen produces singlet oxygen which induces cell death. The effectiveness of zinc sulfophthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) has been shown on A549 monolayers and not on MCTS. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the same pattern of cell death would be induced in lung cancer cells (A549) grown as monolayer cells compared to three dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) using the same laser parameters.Materials and MethodsCommercially purchased A549 cells used in this study were cultured as monolayers and as MCTS. ZnPcSmix at different concentrations [0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µM] was used and activated at a wavelength of 680 nm with 5 J/cm2. Lysosomal and mitochondrial damage after PDT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by fluorescent microscopy. Changes in cellular responses were evaluated using cell morphology, viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cell death analysis.ResultsCells exposed to neither laser light nor PS, showed no changes in cell morphology, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and ROS production. However, cells treated with light activated ZnPcSmix resulted in a significant production of ROS and a dose dependant decrease in viability and proliferation as well as an increase in cell membrane damage in both monolayer and MCTSs.ConclusionZnPcSmix PS used in this study induced damage to vital organelles and was effective in inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells grown as a monolayer and MTCS through ROS production. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 186–194, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfection of Mammalian Cells Using Block Copolypeptide Vesicles
Authors: Sun Victor Z. , Choe Uh‐Joo , Rodriguez April R. , Dai Howard , Deming Timothy J. , Kamei Daniel T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn arginine‐leucine block copolypeptide (R60L20) is synthesized, which is capable of forming vesicles with controllable sizes, able to transport hydrophilic cargo across the cell membrane, and exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity. The R60L20 vesicles also possess the ability to deliver DNA into mammalian cells for transfection. Although the transfection efficiency is lower than that of the commercially available transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000, the R60L20 vesicles are able to achieve transfection with significantly lower cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. This behavior is potentially due to its stronger interaction with DNA which subsequently provides better protection against anionic heparin. magnified image
Cocoa flavonoids improve insulin signalling and modulate glucose production via AKT and AMPK in HepG2 cells
Authors: Cordero‐Herrera Isabel , Martín María Angeles , Bravo Laura , Goya Luis , Ramos Sonia 
Published: March 2013

ScopeCocoa and (–)‐epicatechin (EC), a main cocoa flavanol, have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes, but the mechanism for their insulin‐like effects remains unknown. In this study, the modulation of insulin signalling by EC and a cocoa phenolic extract (CPE) on hepatic HepG2 cells was investigated by analysing key proteins of the insulin pathways, namely insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2, PI3K/AKT and 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as the levels of the glucose transporter GLUT‐2 and the hepatic glucose production.Methods and resultsEC and CPE enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation and total insulin receptor, IRS‐1 and IRS‐2 levels and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and AMPK in HepG2 cells. CPE also enhanced the levels of GLUT‐2. Interestingly, EC and CPE modulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a key protein involved in the gluconeogenesis, leading to a diminished glucose production. In addition, EC‐ and CPE‐regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis was prevented by the blockage of AKT and AMPK.ConclusionOur data suggest that EC and CPE strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway and regulating glucose production through AKT and AMPK modulation in HepG2 cells.
Factors implicated in pathogenesis of urinary tract infections in neurogenic bladders: some revered, few forgotten, others ignored
Authors: Vasudeva Pawan , Madersbacher Helmut 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo comprehensively review factors implicated in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladders, and to stimulate research, especially in the somewhat ignored and forgotten areas of this important clinical subject.MethodsIn addition to reviewing relevant articles on pubmed, some important articles from previous times which were not available online were also procured and reviewed.ResultsIntrinsic defence mechanisms including protective flora, anti‐adherence mechanisms, urothelial, and immunological responses to bacterial binding and the blood supply to the urinary bladder may be impaired in patients with neurogenic bladders. Further, bacterial washout mechanisms may be compromised as a result of inefficient voiding, reflux, and altered hydrokinetics. Finally, catheterization itself contributes to urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladders.ConclusionsIn order to address the issue of urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladders, multiple factors need to be looked into and corrected. Further research is required, especially in the area of compromised host defence mechanisms. An individualized approach, which attempts to optimize each factor is recommended. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:95–100, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumour necrosis factor and cancer
Authors: Waters John P , Pober Jordan S , Bradley John R 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTumour necrosis factor (TNF) was originally described as a circulating factor that can induce haemorrhagic necrosis of tumours. It is now clear that TNF has many different functions in cancer biology. In addition to causing the death of cancer cells, TNF can activate cancer cell survival and proliferation pathways, trigger inflammatory cell infiltration of tumours and promote angiogenesis and tumour cell migration and invasion. These effects can be explained by the diverse cellular responses TNF can initiate through distinct signal transduction pathways, opening the way for more selective targeting of TNF signalling in cancer therapy. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and toxicity of plerixafor for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Son Meong Hi , Kang Eun Suk , Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Soo Hyun , Yoo Keon Hee , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Kim Dae Won , Kim Ju Youn , Cho Eun Joo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSix patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma underwent the second stem cell collection round with G‐CSF (5 μg/kg/day) + plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg/day) because the amount of CD34+ cells collected during the first collection round with G‐CSF alone was insufficient. The number of CD34+ cells collected in the second collection round was higher in four patients and lower in two patients than in the first collection round. Four of the six patients experienced nightmares, nyctophobia, and visual hallucinations with G‐CSF + plerixafor, which were not observed with G‐CSF alone. Our findings suggest that plerixafor needs to be used with caution in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60E57‐E59. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acceptability of a minimally invasive perinatal/paediatric autopsy: healthcare professionals' views and implications for practice
Authors: Ben‐Sasi K. , Chitty L. S. , Franck L. S. , Thayyil S. , Judge‐Kronis L. , Taylor A. M. , Sebire N. J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPerinatal autopsy provides essential clinical information, including cause of death; yet, autopsy rates have steadily declined because of parental refusal. Technology now enables less invasive alternatives to traditional autopsy and may increase the acceptability of post‐mortem examination.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relative acceptability among healthcare professionals of a minimally invasive autopsy (MIA; magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopic‐guided tissue sampling), compared with standard autopsy.MethodsThis study was questionnaire‐based survey of healthcare professionals working in clinical settings where paediatric and perinatal deaths occur.ResultsOf 250 questionnaires distributed, 224 were returned (90% response rate). Autopsy was generally perceived as acceptable. Demographic factors affecting acceptability included ethnicity and religion but not professional role. MIA compared favourably with traditional autopsy, 50% of respondents reporting both equally acceptable, 40% reporting MIA more acceptable and 10% less acceptable. Healthcare professionals agreed that having a MIA option would make it easier to discuss autopsy with parents (P < 0.001).ConclusionLess invasive autopsy appears an acceptable alternative to traditional autopsy for most respondents. Healthcare professionals should be aware that ethnic and religious opinions influence their own views on autopsy decisions and should be mindful of this when discussing autopsy with parents. Further research is needed to determine parental opinions. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors among pediatric users with respect to adverse cardiac events
Authors: Czaja Angela S. , Valuck Robert J. , Anderson Heather D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aims to perform a comparative safety study assessing the risk of ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, or sudden death among pediatric selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) users.MethodsUsing US claims data from 1997 to 2009, new pediatric (age < 18 years) users of SSRI monotherapy were identified. Adverse cardiac outcomes occurring within 12 months of SSRI initiation were identified using a previously validated International Classification of Disease, ninth edition algorithm. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to estimate the risk for each SSRI, using fluoxetine as the referent group, adjusting for the propensity to receive an individual SSRI, demographics, and exposure covariates.ResultsOver the study period, 113 714 subjects met the inclusion criteria and contributed 40 639 person‐years of SSRI exposure time. Sertraline (33%) and fluoxetine (29%) were the most commonly prescribed SSRIs. Forty events occurred within 12 months of SSRI initiation. The crude incidence rate was highest for escitalopram (19.5/10 000 person‐years) and lowest for fluoxetine (4.2/10 000 person‐years). The median time to event ranged from 45 to 86 days. The adjusted risk of adverse event, relative to fluoxetine, was highest for citalopram Hazard Ratio (HR) = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–11.46) and escitalopram (HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.08–10.14) and lowest for paroxetine (HR = 1.34, 95%CI = 0.30–5.99) and sertraline (HR = 2.14, 95%CI = 0.75–6.16).ConclusionsThe incidence of adverse cardiac events among pediatric SSRI users was low. However, the risk of an adverse outcome was higher for citalopram and escitalopram users as compared with fluoxetine users. Future studies should focus on confirming these findings and identifying modifying risk factors to optimize medication selection for this population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycobacterium abscessus complex lung infection in a toddler with a Tracheostomy
Authors: Iwanaga Kensho , Carter Edward R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus complex and other non‐tuberculous mycobacteria are infrequently encountered respiratory pathogens in patients with tracheostomies. We report a 4‐year‐old girl with a tracheostomy, placed during infancy for management of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and laryngeal stenosis, who developed a M. abscessus complex lung infection. There was clear evidence of parenchymal involvement and true infection beyond colonization. She demonstrated dramatic clinical, laboratory, and radiographic improvement after prolonged anti‐mycobacterial therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:296–298. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of Al–Mg–Zn thin film alloys co‐deposited from vapour phase
Authors: Voith Michael , Mardare Andrei I. , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMg–Zn thin film alloys were produced by thermal co‐evaporation using single source and dual source geometries. The films containing high amount of Zn (66 at.%) were prone to formation of metallic micro spheres on the surface when high evaporation rates (10 nm s−1) were used. The Mg–27.1 at.% Zn bulk alloy was found to be suitable for co‐deposition with Al for producing Al–Mg–Zn thin film alloys. A low Al concentration gradient (5 at.%) could be obtained along the sample due to the high deposition rates of Mg–Zn (7.5 nm s−1) combined with low Al deposition rates (0.2 nm s−1). The Al–Mg–Zn thin films showed an improved resistance against chemical attack when higher amounts of Al are used, as shown by downstream analytics investigations using a flat flow electrochemical cell coupled to an AAS system.
Ultralow electron mobility of an individual Cu‐doped ZnO nanowire
Authors: Jia Xiaokai , Xu Hongjun , Gao Jingyun , Jia Xiaoning , Zhu Huichao , Yu Dapeng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized Cu‐doped ZnO nanowires through a vapor–liquid–solid process. We investigated their composition and photoluminescence properties; and we found the Cu‐doped ZnO nanowires have a c‐axis preferential growth direction, uniform Cu distribution and a characteristic spectrum. We further investigated their electrical property by fabricating a simple field effect transistor based on an individual C‐shaped Cu‐doped ZnO nanowire. The electrical studies reveal that the Cu‐doped ZnO nanowire has n‐type conductivity and ultralow electron mobility.
Quantum criticality in the two‐channel pseudogap Anderson model: A test of the non‐crossing approximation
Authors: Zamani Farzaneh , Chowdhury Tathagata , Ribeiro Pedro , Ingersent Kevin , Kirchner Stefan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate the dynamical properties of the two‐channel Anderson model using the non‐crossing approximation (NCA) supplemented by numerical renormalization group (NRG) calculations. We provide evidence supporting the conventional wisdom that the NCA gives reliable results for the standard two‐channel Anderson model of a magnetic impurity in a metal. We extend the analysis to the pseudogap two‐channel model describing a semi‐metallic host with a density of states that vanishes in power‐law fashion at the Fermi energy. This model exhibits continuous quantum phase transitions between weak‐ and strong‐coupling phases. The NCA is shown to reproduce the correct qualitative features of the pseudogap model, including the phase diagram, and to yield critical exponents in excellent agreement with the NRG and exact results. The forms of the dynamical magnetic susceptibility and impurity Green's function at the fixed points are suggestive of frequency‐over‐temperature scaling.
Possible mechanism of Ag photodiffusion in a‐As2S3 thin films
Authors: Sava Florinel , Popescu Mihai , Lőrinczi Adam , Velea Alin 
Published: March 2013

Abstractmagnified imageMonitoring the silver photodiffusion in thin amorphous As2S3 film is addressed with a new experimental setup. A possible photo‐diffusion mechanism of silver into the a‐As2S3 thin film under green laser diode light (λ = 532 nm) irradiation is proposed. The proposed mechanism is based on a gradual filling of the structural voids existing in the network of the thin chalcogenide layer. This mechanism is supported by XRD measurements, optical absorption, and modeling data.
High‐density remote plasma sputtering of high‐dielectric‐constant amorphous hafnium oxide films
Authors: Li Flora M. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Hofmann Stephan , Speakman Stuart P. , Ducati Caterina , Milne William I. , Flewitt Andrew J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstractmagnified imageHafnium oxide (HfOx) is a high dielectric constant (k) oxide which has been identified as being suitable for use as the gate dielectric in thin film transistors (TFTs). Amorphous materials are preferred for a gate dielectric, but it has been an ongoing challenge to produce amorphous HfOx while maintaining a high dielectric constant. A technique called high target utilization sputtering (HiTUS) is demonstrated to be capable of depositing high‐k amorphous HfOx thin films at room temperature. The plasma is generated in a remote chamber, allowing higher rate deposition of films with minimal ion damage. Compared to a conventional sputtering system, the HiTUS technique allows finer control of the thin film microstructure. Using a conventional reactive rf magnetron sputtering technique, monoclinic nanocrystalline HfOx thin films have been deposited at a rate of ∼1.6 nm min−1 at room temperature, with a resistivity of 1013 Ω cm, a breakdown strength of 3.5 MV cm−1 and a dielectric constant of ∼18.2. By comparison, using the HiTUS process, amorphous HfOx (x = 2.1) thin films which appear to have a cubic‐like short‐range order have been deposited at a high deposition rate of ∼25 nm min−1 with a high resistivity of 1014 Ω cm, a breakdown strength of 3 MV cm−1 and a high dielectric constant of ∼30. Two key conditions must be satisfied in the HiTUS system for high‐k HfOx to be produced. Firstly, the correct oxygen flow rate is required for a given sputtering rate from the metallic target. Secondly, there must be an absence of energetic oxygen ion bombardment to maintain an amorphous microstructure and a high flux of medium energy species emitted from the metallic sputtering target to induce a cubic‐like short range order. This HfOx is very attractive as a dielectric material for large‐area electronic applications on flexible substrates.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites by Mixing Noncovalently Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanoflakes
Authors: Lee Dongju , Song Sung Ho , Hwang Jaewon , Jin Sung Hwan , Park Kwang Hyun , Kim Bo Hyun , Hong Soon Hyung , Jeon Seokwoo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe influence of surface modifications on the mechanical properties of epoxy‐hexagonal boron nitride nanoflake (BNNF) nanocomposites is investigated. Homogeneous distributions of boron nitride nanoflakes in a polymer matrix, preserving intrinsic material properties of boron nitride nanoflakes, is the key to successful composite applications. Here, a method is suggested to obtain noncovalently functionalized BNNFs with 1‐pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) molecules and to synthesize epoxy–BNNF nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. The incorporation of noncovalently functionalized BNNFs into epoxy resin yields an elastic modulus of 3.34 GPa, and 71.9 MPa ultimate tensile strength at 0.3 wt%. The toughening enhancement is as high as 107% compared to the value of neat epoxy. The creep strain and the creep compliance of the noncovalently functionalized BNNF nanocomposite is significantly less than the neat epoxy and the nonfunctionalized BNNF nanocomposite. Noncovalent functionalization of BNNFs is effective to increase mechanical properties by strong affinity between the fillers and the matrix.
A risk‐based probabilistic framework to estimate the endpoint of remediation: Concentration rebound by rate‐limited mass transfer
Authors: de Barros F. P. J. , Fernàndez‐Garcia D. , Bolster D. , Sanchez‐Vila X. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Addresses rebound concentrations in risk‐based framework.
Fully analytical solutions are developed.
Rebound concentration uncertainty
Comparative Analysis of Rhamnolipids from Novel Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Rikalovic Milena G. , Abdel‐Mawgoud Ahmad Mohammad , Déziel Eric , Gojgic‐Cvijovic Gordana Dj. , Nestorovic Zorica , Vrvic Miroslav M. , Karadzic Ivanka M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA comparative analysis of rhamnolipids from environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was undertaken to evaluate strain‐specific rhamnolipid fingerprints obtained under different growth conditions. Environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa produced rhamnolipids on different types of substrates, including cheap and renewable sources like sunflower oil from deep fryers and sunflower oil mill effluent. Rhamnolipids were monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization interface mass spectrometry, which allowed fast and reliable identification and quantification of the congeners present. The highest concentration of total rhamnolipids of 3.33 g/l was obtained by the strain P. aeruginosa 67, recovered from petroleum contaminated soil, and strains D1 (1.73 g/l) and D2 (1.70 g/l), recovered from natural microbial consortia originated from mazut‐contaminated soil, grown on sunflower oil as a carbon source. Di‐ to mono‐rhamnolipids ratios were in the range of 0.90–5.39 for different media composition and from 1.12 to 4.17 for different producing strains. Rhamnolipid profiles of purified mixtures of all tested strains are similar with chain length from C8–C12, pronounced abundance of Rha–C10–C10 and Rha–Rha–C10–C10 congeners, and a low content of 3‐(3‐hydroxyalkanoyloxy)‐alkanoic acids. Concentrations of major congeners of RLs were found to slightly vary, depending on strain and growth conditions, while variations in minor congeners were more pronounced. Statistically significant increase of critical micelle concentration values was observed with lowering the ratio of total mono‐ to di‐rhamnolipids ratio indicating that mono‐rhamnolipids start to form micelles at lower concentration than di‐rhamnolipids.