bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐induced controlled free radical polymerization of methacrylates using iron‐based photocatalyst in visible light
Authors: Bansal Ankushi , Kumar Pawan , Sharma Chandra D. , Ray Siddharth S. , Jain Suman L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA novel visible light mediated catalytic system based on low cost iron complex, that is, Fe(bpy)3(PF)6 photocatalyst that initiates and control the free radical polymerization of methacrylates using ethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate (EBriB) as an initiator and 20 watt LED as light source is developed. The polymerization is initiated with turning the light on and immediately terminated by turning the light off. In addition, the molecular weight of polymer can be varied by changing the ratio of monomer and initiator. The merits of the present methodology lie in the use of low cost less precious, highly abundant iron‐based photocatalyst, avoidance of sacrificial donor and need of lower catalyst amount under visible light. The optimum amount of catalyst and initiator were established and successful polymerization of various methacrylates was achieved under the optimized polymerization conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2739–2746
Relationships of the Indian phytosaur Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker, 1885
Authors: Kammerer Christian F. , Butler Richard J. , Bandyopadhyay Saswati , Stocker Michelle R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe neotype skull of the Indian phytosaur Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker, 1885 (ISI R42) is re‐evaluated and compared with the type material of other basal phytosaurs. Parasuchus hislopi is extremely similar to species previously placed in Paleorhinus (P. bransoni and P. angustifrons), sharing with them such characters as a series of nodes on the lateral surface of the jugal, paired ridges on the squamosal and a frontal depression. Parasuchus hislopi represents a valid species: it can be distinguished from P. bransoni by a relatively low narial eminence and P. angustifrons by the absence of paired nasal depressions. Inclusion of Parasuchus hislopi in a phylogenetic analysis of phytosaurs recovers it in a well‐supported clade with P. bransoni and P. angustifrons. Parasuchus is considered the senior synonym of Paleorhinus and Arganarhinus. Parasuchus (here considered to include P. hislopi, P. angustifrons, P. bransoni and P. magnoculus) has a broad circum‐Pangaean distribution, with species occurring in the south‐western United States, Morocco, central Europe and India. Phytosaur higher‐level taxonomy is also revised: Parasuchidae is redefined to include ‘Paleorhinus‐grade’ phytosaurs and the later‐diverging Mystriosuchinae (the group formerly known as Phytosauridae), and Pseudopalatinae is renamed Mystriosuchini for reason of priority.
Cyclometalation of Phenylpyridines by Rhodium(I) via Room‐temperature C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Graf Marion , Mayer Peter 
Published: July 2015

Abstract A convenient synthesis of cyclometalated complexes [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(C N)2}2] [C N = ppy, 2‐phenylpyridinato (2); C N = ptpy, 2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridinato (3); 4‐Clppy = 4‐chloro‐2‐phenylpyridinato (4)] at room temperature is described. The compounds were obtained by the oxidative addition reaction of the corresponding 2‐phenylpyridines to [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(coe)2}2] (1) (coe = cis‐cyclooctene) in dichloromethane solution. The rate of the reaction seems to depend on the electronic influence of the substituents on the phenyl rings of the corresponding 2‐phenylpyridines. The analogous iridium complex of 1 reacted markedly only at higher temperatures in suitable solvents under cyclometalation. The molecular structure of the new compound 4 was additionally confirmed by an X‐ray diffraction study.
Clinical Outcomes of Left Subclavian Artery Coverage on Morbidity and Mortality During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Distal Arch Aneurysms
Authors: Baba Takeshi , Ohki Takao , Kanaoka Yuji , Maeda Koji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis single‐center study assessed left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization management and morbidity and mortality of LSA coverage outcomes during elective thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for distal arch aneurysms.MethodsBetween July 2006 and June 2014, 178 patients underwent TEVAR (zone 2 + 3) for distal arch aneurysms. TEVAR with LSA coverage (zone 2) was performed in 121 patients (68.0 %). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with perioperative cerebral infarction (CI) and postoperative endoleak (EL).ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 96.7 %. LSA coil embolization was performed in 72.7 %. Subclavian artery crossover bypass was required in 9.1 %. Perioperative complications were CI (6.6 %) and paraplegia (1.7 %). The 30‐day mortality rate was 2.5 % (n = 3). There were significant differences by CI univariate analysis in coverage range (≥300 mm) (P = 0.003) and shaggy aorta (P = 0.044). Primary EL occurred in 14.0 % (n = 17). We found statistically significant difference of primary EL in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = 0.016), preoperative aneurysm diameter (P = 0.041), and proximal stent graft diameter (P = 0.029). Left upper extremity symptoms developed in 5.8 % (n = 7); vertebrobasilar insufficiency occurred in 4.1 % (n = 5). Freedom from secondary intervention rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 96.1, 78.3, and 63.4 %, respectively.ConclusionsOur mid‐ to long‐term results of TEVAR with LSA coverage were generally acceptable. Routine revascularization was not necessary in majority of zone 2 TEVAR. CI occurred in approximately 6 % of the cases, secondary interventions were performed more often for ELs.
Young Females Exhibit Decreased Coronal Plane Postural Stability Compared to Young Males
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Staples Jonathon R. , Motley John , Blalock Ryan , Steger-May Karen , Halstead Mark 
Published: July 2015

Background Female athletes are at significantly higher risk of noncontact ACL injury than males, particularly in pivoting sports such as soccer and basketball. Sex-based differences in proprioception and core stability may contribute to this elevated risk. Questions/Purpose This study evaluates a novel method of assessing dynamic stability to test the hypothesis that healthy adolescent controls have sex-based differences in postural stability. Methods Seventy-nine male and 72 female subjects completed three rounds of dynamic postural stability testing. During the assessment, subjects attempted to stabilize their torso and upper body in response to random movements of the platform. The total time a subject lasted on the platform and dynamic motion analysis (DMA) score, a summation of motion in five planes throughout testing, was calculated for each subject. The average score for each subject was included in the analysis. Results Males lasted longer on the platform (98 ± 14 s) than females (94 ± 13 s) ( p = 0.04). Coronal plane and rotation stability differed significantly between genders (323 ± 126 vs. 365 ± 128, p = 0.04) and (318 ± 82 vs. 403 ± 153, p = 0.0002), respectively. No statistically significant difference was seen in the other planes of motion. Conclusions Females have less dynamic postural stability than their male counterparts in the coronal plane based on a novel assessment tool. This finding may contribute to better understanding of sex-based differences in rates of injury such as noncontact ACL tears.
Bariatric Surgery: Three Surgical Techniques, Patient Care, Risks, and Outcomes
Authors: McGraw Carrie A. , Wool Daniel B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in the United States is a serious health concern. Bariatric surgery is a recognized and accepted approach for addressing weight loss and health conditions that occur as a result of morbid or severe obesity. Lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and regular exercise are required for optimal and lasting surgical weight loss. Perioperative care of bariatric patients requires the use of interventions that differ from those used for nonobese patients, including bariatric‐specific equipment, intraoperative monitoring of blood glucose, and postoperative monitoring for respiratory compromise. This articles outlines the risks and typical outcomes associated with three common bariatric procedures—laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass—to help perioperative nurses and other health care providers successfully advise patients and monitor their care for optimal outcomes.
Enhancing Nursing Care by Understanding the Bariatric Patient's Journey
Authors: Neil Janice A. , Roberson Donna W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPatients who undergo obesity‐related bariatric surgery seek a lasting solution to weight loss and a desire for a healthier lifestyle. Perioperative nurses should be prepared to provide sensitive, high‐quality care to this population. Effective assessment and management of bariatric patients involves understanding the motivating factors for seeking bariatric surgery, such as to address the stigma and health problems associated with obesity. Nurses should be knowledgeable about expected outcomes of bariatric care, including long‐term processes and lifestyle changes that patients must participate in to sustain weight loss. The informed perioperative nurse is essential to the successful treatment of bariatric patients in their journey to healthier living.
The Role of the Nurse and the Preoperative Assessment in Patient Transitions
Authors: Malley Ann , Kenner Carole , Kim Tiffany , Blakeney Barbara 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransitions in care in the perioperative environment are numerous and should be considered high‐risk endeavors. The preoperative area is the first transition in care for a surgical patient and should be considered a critical dimension of care transition. The purposes of this study were to identify nursing's contributions to transitions in care in the perioperative environment and to identify the role of the preoperative assessment in this transition. Qualitative descriptive design was used. Focus groups were conducted with 24 nurses in a 975‐bed medical center. The themes that arose in the focus groups were: (1) understanding patient vulnerabilities, (2) multidimensional communication, (3) managing patients’ expectations, and (4) nursing's role in compensating for gaps. We conclude that the nurse's role in the preoperative assessment during the transition of preoperative care is that of advocate who identifies the patient's needs and risk factors that may be affected by the surgical experience. This study suggests that the nursing preoperative assessment can be useful in identifying and defining patients’ risk factors not just for surgery, but for the entire perioperative care trajectory.
β‐Amyloid pathogenesis: Chemical properties versus cellular levels
Authors: Tiwari Manish K. , Kepp Kasper P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough genetic Aβ variants cause early‐onset Alzheimer's disease, literature reports on Aβ properties are heterogeneous, obscuring molecular mechanisms, as illustrated by recent failures of Aβ‐level targeting trials. Thus, we combined available data on Aβ levels and ratios, aggregation propensities, toxicities, and patient data for Aβ variants and correlated these data to identify heterogeneity, significant relations, and basis for consensus. Despite heterogeneity, age of disease onset correlates to Aβ levels (R2 = 0.38, P = .018), but not to toxicities, Aβ42 levels, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, or aggregation propensities. Cytotoxicity correlates inversely with total Aβ42 (R2 = 0.65, P = .016) and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios (R2 = 0.76, P = .005), i.e., chemical properties that increase Aβ42 also reduce toxicity. The complexity and heterogeneity of data reveal the need to understand these phenotypes better, e.g., by focusing on the chemical properties of the involved Aβ species.
Walk-modularity and community structure in networks
Authors: MEHRLE DAVID , STROSSER AMY , HARKIN ANTHONY 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModularity maximization has been one of the most widely used approaches in the last decade for discovering community structure in networks of practical interest in biology, computing, social science, statistical mechanics, and more. Modularity is a quality function that measures the difference between the number of edges found within clusters minus the number of edges one would statistically expect to find based on some equivalent random graph model. We explore a natural generalization of modularity based on the difference between the actual and expected number of walks within clusters, which we refer to as walk-modularity. Walk-modularity can be expressed in matrix form, and community detection can be performed by finding the leading eigenvector of the walk-modularity matrix. We demonstrate community detection on both synthetic and real-world networks and find that walk-modularity maximization returns significantly improved results compared to traditional modularity maximization.
POSITIONING THE WATCH HAND: ʿULAMAʾ AND THE PRACTICE OF MECHANICAL TIMEKEEPING IN CAIRO, 1737–1874
Authors: Stolz Daniel A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article explores the role of the ʿulamaʾ in shaping the use of mechanical timepieces in Cairo in the 18th and 19th centuries. Ottoman interest in new technologies in this period is often understood in relation to the emergence of modernization projects and new scientifically trained actors, with a corresponding decline in the status of the ʿulamaʾ. However, the vogue of mechanical timepieces in Cairo allowed ʿulamaʾ trained in the very old tradition ofmīqāt(astronomical timekeeping) to make their knowledge speak in new ways to new audiences. Based on several manuals and tables that such scholars wrote “on the position of the watch hand,” this article shows how ʿulamaʾ not only facilitated distinctively Ottoman timekeeping conventions, but also furthered an understanding of watches as instruments of precision. The article builds on a growing literature on Ottoman temporality, while expanding our historical view of ʿulamaʾ and their authority, of the material culture of Cairo, and of science and technology in an Islamic context.
REREADING ZIYA GÖKALP: SECULARISM AND REFORM OF THE ISLAMIC STATE IN THE LATE YOUNG TURK PERIOD
Authors: Dressler Markus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article analyzes the ideas of the Turkish sociologist and political activist Ziya Gökalp (1876–1924) in order to reevaluate the secularization politics of the Young Turks. A close reading of Gökalp's publications on Islamic institutional reform challenges homogenizing modernist interpretations of late Ottoman reform in general. Gökalp's legacy has often been judged through a secularist-Islamist binary. This article suggests that Gökalp's approach to the problem of Islam and of religion more broadly within the modern state was more complex than generally argued. His understanding of concepts such as shariʿa,dīn, and the Islamic state was not yet subordinated to a secularist episteme that juxtaposes the religious and the secular. Rather, Gökalp strove for a social and political order in which religious norms and modern institutions complemented each other harmoniously.
Descartes: Truth and Self-deception
Authors: Frogel Shai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe paper examines the role of self-deception in Descartes' Meditations. It claims that although Descartes sees self-deception as the origin of our false judgments, he consciously uses it for his searching for truth. He finds that self-deception is a very productive tool in our searching for truth, since it expands our ability to free ourselves from our old certainties; logical thinking enables us to doubt our certainties but only self-deception enables us to really suspend them.Descartes, then, proposes a logical-psychological method in first person for philosophical investigation, in which self-deception plays a crucial role. The Cogito should be understood accordingly as a first psychological truth rather than a first philosophical truth. Nevertheless, it is a crucial step in Descartes' philosophical investigation and exposes the relations between the logical aspect and the psychological aspect of philosophical thinking.
Attention and word learning in toddlers who are late talkers
Authors: MACROY-HIGGINS MICHELLE , MONTEMARANO ELIZABETH A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine attention allocation in toddlers who were late talkers and toddlers with typical language development while they were engaged in a word-learning task in order to determine if differences exist. Two-year-olds who were late talkers (11) and typically developing toddlers (11) were taught twelve novel pseudo-words for unfamiliar objects over ten training sessions. The toddlers' attention allocation during the word-learning sessions was measured as well as their comprehension of the newly learned words. Late talkers showed reduced attention allocation to objects during word-training sessions, and also comprehended fewer of the novel words than toddlers with typical language development. Attention allocation was found to be a stronger predictor of word learning as compared to cognition and auditory comprehension. Reduced attention allocation may contribute to the early lexical delay characteristic in late talkers.
Resolving the organization of the territory of the third visual area: A new proposal
Authors: KAAS JON H. , ROE ANNA W. , BALDWIN MARY K.L. , LYON DAVID C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn primates, the cortex adjoining the rostral border of V2 has been variously interpreted as belonging to a single visual area, V3, with dorsal V3 (V3d) representing the lower visual quadrant and ventral V3 (V3v) representing the upper visual quadrant, V3d and V3v constituting separate, incomplete visual areas, V3d and ventral posterior (VP), or V3d being divided into several visual areas, including a dorsomedial (DM) visual area, a medial visual area (M), and dorsal extension of VP (or VLP). In our view, the evidence from V1 connections strongly supports the contention that V3v and V3d are parts of a single visual area, V3, and that DM is a separate visual area along the rostral border of V3d. In addition, the retinotopy revealed by V1 connection patterns, microelectrode mapping, optical imaging mapping, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) mapping indicates that much of the proposed territory of V3d corresponds to V3. Yet, other evidence from microelectrode mapping and anatomical connection patterns supports the possibility of an upper quadrant representation along the rostral border of the middle of dorsal V2 (V2d), interpreted as part of DM or DM plus DI, and along the midline end of V2d, interpreted as the visual area M. While the data supporting these different interpretations appear contradictory, they also seem, to some extent, valid. We suggest that V3d may have a gap in its middle, possibly representing part of the upper visual quadrant that is not part of DM. In addition, another visual area, M, is likely located at the DM tip of V3d. There is no evidence for a similar disruption of V3v. For the present, we favor continuing the traditional concept of V3 with the possible modification of a gap in V3d in at least some primates.
OBLIGATION, FREE CHOICE, AND THE LOGIC OF WEAKEST PERMISSIONS
Authors: ANGLBERGER ALBERT J.J. , GRATZL NOBERT , ROY OLIVIER 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new understanding of deontic modals that we callobligations as weakest permissions. We argue for its philosophical plausibility, study its expressive power in neighborhood models, provide a complete Hilbert-style axiom system for it and show that it can be extended and applied to practical norms in decision and game theory.
Growth pattern from birth to adulthood in African pygmies of known age
Authors: Rozzi Fernando V. Ramirez , Koudou Yves , Froment Alain , Le Bouc Yves , Botton Jérémie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe African pygmy phenotype stems from genetic foundations and is considered to be the product of a disturbance in the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (GH–IGF) axis. However, when and how the pygmy phenotype is acquired during growth remains unknown. Here we describe growth patterns in Baka pygmies based on two longitudinal studies of individuals of known age, from the time of birth to the age of 25 years. Body size at birth among the Baka is within standard limits, but their growth rate slows significantly during the first two years of life. It then more or less follows the standard pattern, with a growth spurt at adolescence. Their life history variables do not allow the Baka to be distinguished from other populations. Therefore, the pygmy phenotype in the Baka is the result of a change in growth that occurs during infancy, which differentiates them from East African pygmies revealing convergent evolution.
Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV
Authors: Wang Lingshu , Shi Wei , Joyce M. Gordon , Modjarrad Kayvon , Zhang Yi , Leung Kwanyee , Lees Christopher R. , Zhou Tongqing , Yassine Hadi M. , Kanekiyo Masaru , Yang Zhi-yong , Chen Xuejun , Becker Michelle M. , Freeman Megan , Vogel Leatrice , Johnson Joshua C. , Olinger Gene , Todd John P. , Bagci Ulas , Solomon Jeffrey , Mollura Daniel J. , Hensley Lisa , Jahrling Peter , Denison Mark R. , Rao Srinivas S. , Subbarao Kanta , Kwong Peter D. , Mascola John R. , Kong Wing-Pui , Graham Barney S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a cause of severe respiratory disease highlights the need for effective approaches to CoV vaccine development. Efforts focused solely on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike (S) glycoprotein may not optimize neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Here we show that immunogens based on full-length S DNA and S1 subunit protein elicit robust serum-neutralizing activity against several MERS-CoV strains in mice and non-human primates. Serological analysis and isolation of murine monoclonal antibodies revealed that immunization elicits NAbs to RBD and, non-RBD portions of S1 and S2 subunit. Multiple neutralization mechanisms were demonstrated by solving the atomic structure of a NAb-RBD complex, through sequencing of neutralization escape viruses and by constructing MERS-CoV S variants for serological assays. Immunization of rhesus macaques confers protection against MERS-CoV-induced radiographic pneumonia, as assessed using computerized tomography, supporting this strategy as a promising approach for MERS-CoV vaccine development.
MCM8-9 complex promotes resection of double-strand break ends by MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex
Authors: Lee Kyung Yong , Im Jun-Sub , Shibata Etsuko , Park Jonghoon , Handa Naofumi , Kowalczykowski Stephen C. , Dutta Anindya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMCM8-9 complex is required for homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we report that MCM8-9 is required for DNA resection by MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) at DSBs to generate ssDNA. MCM8-9 interacts with MRN and is required for the nuclease activity and stable association of MRN with DSBs. The ATPase motifs of MCM8-9 are required for recruitment of MRE11 to foci of DNA damage. Homozygous deletion of the MCM9 found in various cancers sensitizes a cancer cell line to interstrand-crosslinking (ICL) agents. A cancer-derived point mutation or an SNP on MCM8 associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) diminishes the functional activity of MCM8. Therefore, the MCM8-9 complex facilitates DNA resection by the MRN complex during HR repair, genetic or epigenetic inactivation of MCM8 or MCM9 are seen in human cancers, and genetic inactivation of MCM8 may be the basis of a POF syndrome.