bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price Sensitivity Within and Across Retail Formats
Authors: Widenhorn Andreas , Salhofer Klaus 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTApplying a synthetic demand system approach, we examine if consumers in discount stores reveal different price elasticities of demand than those in conventional supermarkets. Based on a RollAMA dataset containing information on consumption in 12 different retail chains in Austria, we first analyze demand patterns for a scenario in which consumers only frequent either discounters or supermarkets, followed by an investigation of potential cross‐format effects when both types of stores are visited. Our empirical findings suggest that for the three categories of milk products under examination, price elasticities in discount stores are generally higher. Beyond that, demand reactions in supermarkets with respect to price changes in discounters differ from the reverse case, i.e., from demand reactions in discounters when supermarket prices are changed. This is especially true for the case of drinking milk, which confirms the strategic potential of drinking milk as a loss leader product.
The Differential Effects of Food Safety Regulations on Animal Products Trade: The Case of Crustacean Product Trade
Authors: Tran Nhuong , Nguyen Anh , Wilson Norbert L.W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTChloramphenicol is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic that was historically used as a veterinary drug for farm animal disease treatment purposes and it is currently used in human treatment; however, this is a banned substance. This paper investigates the impact of advancing chloramphenicol analytical standards on crustacean imports in the EU15, Japan, and North America. The paper extends the work of Disdier and Marette (2010) by exploring the differential effect of standards on products. We use a Heckman sample selection specification to address zero trade at the product level. We show that submarkets function differently and respond differentially to the standard. Additionally, we show that the level of disaggregation matters in gravity modeling.
Too much of a good thing: Evolutionary perspectives on infant formula fortification in the United States and its effects on infant health
Authors: Quinn Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been considerable debate regarding the appropriate amount of iron fortification for commercial infant formula. Globally, there is considerable variation in formula iron content, from 4 to 12 mg iron/L. However, how much fortification is necessary is unclear. Human milk is low in iron (0.2–0.5 mg/L), with the majority of infant iron stores accumulated during gestation. Over the first few months of life, these stores are depleted in breastfeeding infants. This decline has been previously largely perceived as pathological; it may be instead an adaptive mechanism to minimize iron availability to pathogens coinciding with complementary feeding. Many of the pathogens involved in infantile illnesses require iron for growth and replication. By reducing infant iron stores at the onset of complementary feeding, infant physiology may limit its availability to these pathogens, decreasing frequency and severity of infection. This adaptive strategy for iron regulation during development is undermined by the excess dietary iron commonly found in infant formula, both the iron that can be incorporated into the body and the excess iron that will be excreted in feces. Some of this excess iron may promote the growth of pathogenic, iron requiring bacteria disrupting synergistic microflora commonly found in breastfed infants. Evolutionarily, mothers who produced milk with less iron and infants who had decreased iron stores at the time of weaning may have been more likely to survive the transition to solid foods by having limited iron available for pathogens. Contemporary fortification practices may undermine these adaptive mechanisms and increase infant illness risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:10–17, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive IPNs grafted onto polyurethane by gamma radiation for antimicrobial drug‐eluting insertable devices
Authors: Muñoz‐Muñoz Franklin , Bucio Emilio , Magariños Beatriz , Concheiro Angel , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTemperature‐ and pH‐sensitive interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (s‐IPNs) were γ‐ray grafted onto polyurethane (Tecoflex®; TFX) to obtain vancomycin‐eluting implantable medical devices with minimized risk of infections. N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was grafted onto TFX catheters and films via a preirradiation oxidative method (method P) or via a direct method (method D). The PNIPAAm network facilitated acrylic acid (AAc) inclusion and subsequent polymerization/crosslinking, under specific reaction conditions. IPNs and s‐IPNs systems were characterized regarding the amount of grafted polymers, surface properties (FTIR‐ATR, ESEM, EDX), thermal behavior (DSC), and their temperature‐ and pH‐responsiveness. Loading and release of vancomycin for preventing in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus were also evaluated. Antimicrobial activity tests and hemo‐ (hemolysis, protein adsorption, thrombogenicity) and cyto‐compatibility (cell viability and production of cytokines and NO) assays indicated that the modification of TFX by γ‐radiation may improve the performance of polyurethanes for biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39992.
Highly exfoliated nanostructure in trifunctional epoxy/clay nanocomposites using boron trifluoride as initiator
Authors: Hutchinson John M. , Shiravand Fatemeh , Calventus Yolanda , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Ramis Xavier 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEpoxy/clay nanocomposites based upon a trifunctional epoxy resin, triglycidyl p‐amino phenol (TGAP), have been prepared by intercalating an initiator of cationic homopolymerization, a boron trifluoride monoethylamine (BF3·MEA) complex, into the montmorillonite clay galleries before the addition of the TGAP and the curing agent, 4,4‐diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS), and effecting the isothermal curing reaction. The BF3·MEA enhances the intragallery cationic homopolymerization reaction, which occurs before the extragallery cross‐linking reaction of the TGAP with the DDS, and which hence contributes positively to the mechanism of exfoliation of the clay. The effects of isothermal cure temperature and of BF3·MEA content have been studied, in respect of both the reaction kinetics, monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, and the nanostructure, as identified by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the use of BF3·MEA in this way as an initiator of intragallery homopolymerization significantly improves the degree of exfoliation in the cured nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40020.
Permeability and blood compatibility of nanoporous parylene film‐coated polyethersulfone membrane under long‐term blood diffusion
Authors: Setia Prihandana Gunawan , Ito Hikaru , Sanada Ippei , Nishinaka Yuya , Kanno Yoshihiko , Miki Norihisa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNanoporous polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are widely used in dialysis systems due to their permeability and diffusion characteristics. However, PES membranes lack blood compatibility, which influences their permeability performance when employed in blood contact devices. Parylene film was deposited on a PES membrane surface and the membrane permeability and blood compatibility were investigated by long‐term blood diffusion testing. After 28 days of testing, 90% of a bare PES membrane was covered with platelets, while the parylene film coated PES membrane had improved biocompatibility with a platelet coverage of only 20–30%. The permeability of the bare PES membrane significantly declined during the first 7 days of the blood diffusion and became stable after 8 days. In contrast, the permeability of the parylene film coated PES membrane exhibited more consistent performance during the entire test. Thus, parylene film coating on PES membrane has potential for application in hemodialysis systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40024.
Preparation and dielectric properties of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)/acidified graphite nanosheet composites
Authors: Jiang Wenlong , Liu Yu , Wang Jinfeng , Wang Qitong , Zhang Yunhe , Guan Shaowei 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPercolative dielectric composites of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (SPAEK) and acidified graphite nanosheets (AGSs) were fabricated by a solution method. The dielectric constant of the as‐prepared composite with 4.01 vol % AGSs was found to be 330 at 1000 Hz; this was a significant increase compared to that of pure SPAEK. Through the calculation, a low percolation threshold of the AGS/SPAEK composite was confirmed at 3.18 vol % (0.0318 volume fraction) AGSs; this was attributed to the large surface area and high conductivity of the AGSs. Additionally, our percolative dielectric composites also exhibited good mechanical performances and good thermostability, with a tensile strength of 71.7 MPa, a tensile modulus of 1.91 GPa, a breaking elongation of 16.4%, and a mass loss temperature at 5% of 336°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40028.
Preparation of vinyl amine‐co‐vinyl alcohol/polysulfone composite membranes and their carbon dioxide facilitated transport properties
Authors: Salih Alsamani A. M. , Yi Chunhai , Hu Jiayang , Yin Lijuan , Yang Bolun 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA vinyl amine–vinyl alcohol copolymer (VAm–VOH) was synthesized through free‐radical polymerization, basic hydrolysis in methanol, acidic hydrolysis in water, and an anion‐exchange process. In the copolymer, the primary amino groups on the VAm segment acted as the carrier for CO2‐facilitated transport, and the vinyl alcohol segment was used to reduce the crystallinity and increase the gas permeance. VAm–VOH/polysulfone (PS) composite membranes for CO2 separation were prepared with the VAm–VOH copolymer as a selective layer and PS ultrafiltration membrane as a support. The membrane gas permselectivity was investigated with CO2, N2, and CH4 pure gases and their binary mixtures. The results show that the CO2 transport obeyed the facilitated transport mechanism, whereas N2 and CH4 followed the solution–diffusion mechanism. The increase in the VAm fraction in the copolymer resulted in a carrier content increase, a crystallinity increase, and intermolecular hydrogen‐bond formation. Because of these factors, the CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity had maxima with the VAm fraction. At an optimum applied pressure of 0.14 MPa and at an optimum VAm fraction of 54.8%, the highest CO2 permeance of 189.4 GPU [1 GPU = 1 × 10−6 cm3(STP) cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1] and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 58.9 were obtained for the CO2/N2 mixture. The heat treatment was used to improve the CO2/N2 selectivity. At an applied pressure of 0.8–0.92 MPa, the membrane heat‐treated under 100°C possessed a CO2 permeance of 82 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 60.4, whereas the non‐heat‐treated membrane exhibited a CO2 permeance of 111 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 45. After heat treatment, the CO2/N2 selectivity increased obviously, whereas the CO2 permeance decreased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40043.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15, a Marker of Lung Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis, Is Involved in Fibrosis Development but Is not Indispensable for Fibrosis Development
Authors: Lambrecht Stijn , Smith Vanessa , De Wilde Katelijne , Coudenys Julie , Decuman Saskia , Deforce Dieter , De Keyser Filip , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTransforming growth factor β superfamily members are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) is a distant member of this family. We undertook this study to evaluate the role of GDF‐15 in SSc pathogenesis.MethodsA longitudinal prospective cohort of SSc patients was screened for serum GDF‐15 levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and associations with clinical data were analyzed. In vitro stimulation experiments were performed on lung fibroblasts. The role of GDF‐15 in fibrosis development in vivo was evaluated in the bleomycin lung fibrosis model in GDF‐15–deficient mice.ResultsGDF‐15 was measured at baseline in serum samples from 119 SSc patients. An increase in GDF‐15 levels was observed in patients classified as having no skin involvement, those with limited cutaneous SSc, and those with diffuse cutaneous SSc. Moreover, baseline serum GDF‐15 levels correlated strongly with disease activity and extent of organ involvement, particularly clinical symptoms of lung fibrosis, including impact on lung function at prospective followup. This was mimicked in the bleomycin model of SSc, in which animals exposed to bleomycin had elevated expression levels of GDF‐15 in lung tissue. Lung fibroblasts isolated from GDF‐15–deficient mice showed reduced induction of interleukin‐6 and CCL2 upon bleomycin stimulation. Surprisingly, no differences in fibrosis development were observed between wild‐type and GDF‐15–deficient animals.ConclusionAn intriguing profile of serum GDF‐15 levels was found in SSc patients. GDF‐15 expression is induced during fibrosis development and markedly correlates with lung function impairment in this disease. The protein may participate in fibrosis initiation, but is not indispensable in the course of fibrosis development in vivo.
Insensitive Nitrogen‐Rich Materials Incorporating the Nitroguanidyl Functionality
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , He Chunlin , Yin Ping , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new class of nitroguanidyl‐functionalized nitrogen‐rich materials derived from 1,3,5‐triazine and 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine was synthesized through reactions between N‐nitroso‐N′‐alkylguanidines and the hydrazine derivatives of 1,3,5‐triazine or 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine. These compounds were fully characterized using multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The heats of formation for all compounds were calculated with Gaussian 03 and then combined with experimental densities to determine the detonation pressures (P) and velocities (Dv) of the energetic materials. Interestingly, some of the compounds exhibit an energetic performance (P and Dv) comparable to that of RDX, thus holding promise for application as energetic materials.
On the Design of Observer for Nonlinear Time‐Delay Systems
Authors: Batmani Yazdan , Khaloozadeh Hamid 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper suggests a new method to design observers in a class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with delays in system states. The method is based on an extension of the well‐known state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique. The conditions for locally asymptotic stability of the proposed observer are investigated. Some numerical simulations are provided to show the design procedure and the flexibility of the proposed observer.
Community DSPD pilot services in South London: Rates of reconviction and impact of supported housing on reducing recidivism
Authors: Bruce Matt , Crowley Sarah , Jeffcote Nikki , Coulston Belinda 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe effectiveness of community services in reducing recidivism by men in the ‘dangerous and severe personality disorder’ framework – with personality disorder and at high risk of recidivism – is unknown.AimsTo conduct a preliminary examination of the characteristics and reconviction rates of male offenders with personality disorder accessing two South London community dangerous and severe personality disorder pilot outpatient services and to evaluate the role of supported housing for them.MethodsReoffending outcomes of 107 high risk offenders with personality disorder were assessed using a cross‐sectional cohort study design. Participants were allocated to outpatient only (non‐residential) or outpatient with supported housing groups. Self‐reported, collateral and criminal justice data and Offender Group Reconviction Scale III predictors of reoffending were used to describe the samples.ResultsThe overall reconviction rate over the entire study period was 11%. At 12 months following acceptance to the service, reoffending for the entire sample was significantly lower (5%) than mean Offender Group Reconviction Scale III scores predicted (51%). Multivariate analyses confirmed that those also in receipt of supportive housing were significantly less likely to reoffend than those without. Although there was no difference between groups in violent reconviction specifically, only five men in total reoffended violently.ConclusionsAlthough findings appear promising, this was a naturalistic study. The sample size was small, but represented all men accepted into the two pilot services. Further evaluation of the role of supported housing and perhaps other details of community supervision should follow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term (8 year) outcomes and predictors of major adverse cardiac events after full metal jacket drug‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Lee Cheol Whan , Ahn Jung‐Min , Lee Jong‐Young , Kim Won‐Jang , Park Duk‐Woo , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesWe examined long‐term outcomes and predictors of major adverse cardiac events after the full metal jacket (FMJ) stent implantation.BackgroundThe FMJ procedure has been used to treat diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD), but long‐term outcomes remain unknown.MethodsThe study population consisted of 347 consecutive patients (352 lesions) who had been treated for de novo diffuse CAD with FMJ stents (stent length ≥ 60 mm).ResultsThe mean age was 61.0 ± 10.1 years, and the stent length was 71.9 ± 13.7 mm. The procedural success rate was 97.7%. Major in‐hospital complications (one death and two acute stent thromboses) occurred in three patients (0.7%). The median follow‐up was 101 months (interquartile range, 95–108 months). During follow‐up, there were 60 deaths (33 cardiac), 20 myocardial infarctions, and 94 revascularizations. Definite stent thrombosis occurred in 12 patients. The event‐free survival rate for cardiac death, cardiac death/myocardial infarction, or cardiac death/myocardial infarction/target lesion revascularization was 90.5 ± 1.6, 85.8 ± 1.9, and 71.6 ± 2.5% at 8 years, respectively. Left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < 45%) was an independent predictor of cardiac death (OR: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.81–13.13; P = 0.002). Left ventricular dysfunction and a stent length > 80 mm were significantly related to cardiac death/myocardial infarction. Likewise, a stent length > 80 mm was an independent predictor of cardiac death/myocardial infarction/target lesion revascularization (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.16–5.19; P = 0.019).ConclusionLong‐term outcomes appear favorable after FMJ procedures, and left ventricular dysfunction and a stent length > 80 mm are major predictors of major adverse cardiac events. These findings might be useful in identifying the most suitable treatments for patients with very diffuse CAD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood pressure response to renal artery stenting in 901 patients from five prospective multicenter FDA‐approved trials
Authors: Weinberg Ido , Keyes Michelle J. , Giri Jay , Rogers Kevin R. , Olin Jeffrey W. , White Christopher J. , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundRenal artery stent revascularization is commonly used for renovascular hypertension. Clinical predictors associated with blood pressure (BP) improvement after renal artery stent revascularization are not well understood.MethodsPatient‐level data from 901 patients in five prospective multicenter Food and Drug Administration‐approved investigational device exemption studies of renal artery stent revascularization was pooled. BP response was defined as reduction of systolic BP (SBP) by >10 mm Hg. Stent patency was defined within each study. Associations of BP reduction were determined by logistic regression.ResultsOf 901 patients, complete outcome information was available in 527. Of these, 212/527 (40%) were male, mean age was 63 ± 13 years, 196/544 (36%) were diabetic and 504/527 (96%) had a SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg at baseline. Compared to baseline, 9‐month systolic (164 ± 21 mm Hg vs. 146 ± 22 mm Hg, P < 0.0001) and diastolic (79 ± 13 mm Hg vs. 76 ± 12 mm Hg, P < 0.0001) BP declined significantly. Nine‐month stent patency was 90% (305/339). In a univariate analysis, baseline SBP >150 mm Hg (OR = 4.09, CI = 2.74–6.12, P < 0.0001) was positively associated with BP response following renal artery stent revascularization. In a multivariable analysis, baseline SBP remained associated with a positive BP response (OR = 1.76, CI = 1.53–2.03, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn the largest pooled dataset of patients treated with renal artery stent revascularization, SBP and DBP were significantly lower at 9‐months. Elevated baseline SBP (>150 mm Hg) was strongly associated with BP reduction after the procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of Pyrene–Helicene Hybrids
Authors: Bédard Anne‐Catherine , Vlassova Anna , Hernandez‐Perez Augusto C. , Bessette André , Hanan Garry S. , Heuft Matthew A. , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSynthesis of helically chiral aromatics resulting from fusion of pyrene and [4]‐ or [5]helicene has been accomplished using photoredox catalysis employing a Cu‐based sensitizer as the key step. Photocyclisation experiments for the synthesis of the target compounds were carried out in batch and using continuous flow strategies. The solid‐state structures, UV/Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of the pyrene–helicene hybrids were investigated and compared to that of the parent [5]helicene to discern the effects of merging a pyrene moiety within a helicene skeleton. The studies demonstrated that pyrene–helicene hybrids adopt co‐planar or stacked arrangements in the solid state, in contrast to the solid‐state structure of the parent [5]helicene. The UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra of the pyrene–helicene hybrids exhibited strong red‐shifts when compared to the parent [5]helicene. DFT calculations suggest that the strategy of extending the π surface in the y axis of the helicenes increased their HOMO levels while also decreasing their LUMO levels, resulting in significantly reduced band gaps.
Chirality Induction by Formation of Assembled Structures Based on Anion‐Responsive π‐Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Hane Wataru , Bando Yuya , Terashima Yoshitaka , Haketa Yohei , Shibaguchi Hiroshi , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Naito Masanobu , Takaishi Kazuto , Uchiyama Masanobu , Muranaka Atsuya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnion‐responsive π‐conjugated compounds having chiral alkyl chains were synthesized. Circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were observed in the solution‐state assemblies of the chiral anion receptors and those of their anion complexes as salts of a planar triazatriangulenium cation. The CD and CPL spectral patterns of the ion‐pair‐based assemblies were completely opposite to those of the anion‐free assemblies, and this suggests that anion binding and subsequent ion pairing change the chirality of the assembly modes.