bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the Effectiveness of Different Women Stakeholder Selection Procedures towards Adoption in a Remote District of India
Authors: Pradhan K. , Sarkar Victor , Saha Avishek , Mondal Sabita 
Published: May 2015

Realising the very need of women empowerment and development, the present study has been undertaken to explore the efficiency of different women stakeholder selection processes namely through panchayat, farm and home visit, self-help group and farmer’s club with respect to adoption of innovation. The study was conducted in five villages of Coochbehar-II block of Coochbehar district in West Bengal. Purposive as well as multistage and random sampling procedure were followed in the present study. The adoption percentage was considered as the response variable and the other attributes of women stakeholders were considered as the antecedent variables for the study. The data were collected with the help of structured schedule through personal interview method. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the data were frequency, percentage, ranking and t-test. In the present study, it was found that variation in age is responsible for a significant variation among the women stakeholders selected by panchayat and farm and home visit. Likewise, the attribute education accounts for a significant difference among the women stakeholders selected by panchayat and farm and home visit, also among the women stakeholders selected through panchayat and self-help group as well as among those selected by farm and home visit and farmer’s club. In case of women stakeholders’ caste, the significant mean differences are observed in case of panchayat and farm and home visit selection processes, panchayat and farmer’s club selection processes, farm and home visit and self-help group selection processes and farm and home visit and farmer’s club selection processes. A significant mean difference is also observed, on the basis of women stakeholders’ occupation, in between panchayat and farmer’s club selection processes. Almost similar type of significant differences among the four different women stakeholder selection processes are evidenced in case of selected women stakeholders’ family size, annual income, house type, animal size, attitude towards adoption, risk orientation, training need assessed and adoption percentage. A significant difference is also revealed in case of women stakeholders’ farm size selected by self-help group and farmer’s club. It is also found from the present study that women stakeholder selection process through self-help group is much more effective than other selection procedures being studied in case of adopting an innovation. In search of the training need of the women stakeholders, the most preferred areas of training by the women stakeholders were scientific orchard management, followed by floriculture, improved poultry and duckery breed rearing, cattle feed rearing, tailoring and pisciculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12472 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 180-183
Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Mechanisms in Formation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Formation from Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction and Processing Operations and Global Climate Change
Authors: Rich Alisa L. , Patel Jay T. 
Published: May 2015

Carbon disulfide (CS2) has been historically associated with the production of rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride. This study identifies multiple mechanisms by which CS2 contributes to the formation of CO2 in the atmosphere. CS2 and other associated sulfide compounds were found by this study to be present in emissions from unconventional shale gas extraction and processing (E&P) operations. The breakdown products of CS2; carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are indirect greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to CO2 levels in the atmosphere. The heat-trapping nature of CO2 has been found to increase the surface temperature, resulting in regional and global climate change. The purpose of this study is to identify five mechanisms by which CS2 and the breakdown products of CS2 contribute to atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The five mechanisms of CO2 formation are as follows: 1. Chemical Interaction of CS2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) present in natural gas at high temperatures, resulting in CO2 formation; 2. Combustion of CS2 in the presence of oxygen producing SO2 and CO2; 3. Photolysis of CS2 leading to the formation of COS, CO, and SO2, which are indirect contributors to CO2 formation; 4. One-step hydrolysis of CS2, producing reactive intermediates and ultimately forming H2S and CO2; 5. Two-step hydrolysis of CS2 forming the reactive COS intermediate that reacts with an additional water molecule, ultimately forming H2S and CO2. CS2 and COS additionally are implicated in the formation of SO2 in the stratosphere and/or troposphere. SO2 is an indirect contributor to CO2 formation and is implicated in global climate change.
Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients
Authors: Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya M. , Smith Peter , Brenu Ekua W. , Nilius Bernd , Ramos Sandra B. , Staines Donald R. 
Published: May 2015

Background The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily in humans comprises 27 cation channels with permeability to monovalent and divalent cations. These channels are widely expressed within humans on cells and tissues and have significant sensory and regulatory roles on most physiological functions. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an unexplained disorder with multiple physiological impairments. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the role of TRPs in CFS. Methods The study comprised 115 CFS patients (age = 48.68 ± 1.06 years) and 90 nonfatigued controls (age = 46.48 ± 1.22 years). CFS patients were defined according to the 1994 Center for Disease Prevention and Control criteria for CFS. A total of 240 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 21 mammalian TRP ion channel genes ( TRPA1, TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC6, TRPC7, TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, and TRPV6) were examined via the Agena Biosciences iPLEX Gold assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the PLINK analysis software. Results Thirteen SNPs were significantly associated with CFS patients compared with the controls. Nine of these SNPs were associated with TRPM3 (rs12682832; P < 0.003, rs11142508; P < 0.004, rs1160742; P < 0.08, rs4454352; P < 0.013, rs1328153; P < 0.013, rs3763619; P < 0.014, rs7865858; P ≤ 0.021, rs1504401; P ≤ 0041, rs10115622; P ≤ 0.050), while the remainder were associated with TRPA1 (rs2383844; P ≤ 0.040, rs4738202; P ≤ 0.018) and TRPC4 (rs6650469; P ≤ 0.016, rs655207; P ≤ 0.018). Conclusion The data from this pilot study suggest an association between TRP ion channels, predominantly TRPM3 and CFS. This and other TRPs identified may contribute to the etiology and pathomechanism of CFS.
On Flogging the Dead Horse, Again: Historicity, Genealogy, and Objectivity in Richard Waterman’s Approach to Music
Authors: Iyanaga Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn a critical appraisal and expansion of the historical methodology championed by ethnomusicologist and anthropologist Richard Waterman, this essay reconsiders the historicity of musical performance and demonstrates ways in which treating ethnography genealogically may serve as a means of doing what Thomas Solomon calls "postcolonial music history." This essay is broadly divided into three parts: a review of Waterman’s work, a theoretical revamping and an abbreviated case study taken from my own research on Catholic patron saint rituals in Bahia, Brazil.
A review of trend models applied to sea level data with reference to the “acceleration‐deceleration debate”
Authors: Visser Hans , Dangendorf Sönke , Petersen Arthur C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGlobal sea levels have been rising through the past century and are projected to rise at an accelerated rate throughout the 21st century. This has motivated a number of authors to search for already existing accelerations in observations, which would be, if present, vital for coastal protection planning purposes. No scientific consensus has been reached yet as to how a possible acceleration could be separated from intrinsic climate variability in sea level records. This has led to an intensive debate on its existence and, if absent, also on the general validity of current future projections. Here we shed light on the controversial discussion from a methodological point of view. To do so, we provide a comprehensive review of trend methods used in the community so far. This resulted in an overview of 30 methods, each having its individual mathematical formulation, flexibilities, and characteristics. We illustrate that varying trend approaches may lead to contradictory acceleration‐deceleration inferences. As for statistics‐oriented trend methods, we argue that checks on model assumptions and model selection techniques yield a way out. However, since these selection methods all have implicit assumptions, we show that good modeling practices are of importance too. We conclude at this point that (i) several differently characterized methods should be applied and discussed simultaneously, (ii) uncertainties should be taken into account to prevent biased or wrong conclusions, and (iii) removing internally generated climate variability by incorporating atmospheric or oceanographic information helps to uncover externally forced climate change signals.
Formation of winter water on the Canadian Beaufort shelf: New insight from observations during 2009–2011
Authors: Jackson Jennifer M. , Melling Humfrey , Lukovich Jennifer V. , Fissel David , Barber David G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Arctic halocline forms a cold stratified barrier between the seasonally modified near‐surface layers and deeper Atlantic‐derived waters. Its low temperature is maintained by intrusions of cold water formed over Arctic shelves in winter. Surprisingly, cold salty (33) water capable of halocline ventilation (Beaufort Sea Winter Water: BSWW) has been observed in the Beaufort Sea during some winters despite the low salinity (20–25) of shelf waters there in summer. This study uses year‐round data from moored instruments on the Beaufort shelf and slope during 2009–2011 to investigate the mechanisms involved. Our analysis reveals that four air‐sea interaction processes contribute to the formation of BSWW—flushing of the low‐salinity surface water from the shelf via Ekman transport in late summer and early fall, compensatory upwelling of more saline halocline water onto the shelf, net seaward ice drift that promotes ice production by maintaining a flaw lead, and entrainment of dense upwelled water into the freezing surface layer on the inner shelf. This work moves beyond earlier studies in revealing that while weather conditions were more favorable to BSWW formation in the winter of 2010–2011 than in 2009–2010, the difference was more strongly influenced by Ekman transport (offshore at the surface, onshore at the seabed) than by differences in cumulative brine injection from ice growth. The strength of the Ekman circulation over the Canadian Beaufort shelf in winter and its interannual variation have significance for surface nutrient renewal and for the cross‐shelf transport of pollutants at the surface and the seabed.
Museum Theory: An Expanded Field
Authors: Message Kylie , Witcomb Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter presents a theoretical framework and justification for the volume's broader aim of devising and showcasing critical perspectives on the museum (as an institution) and on museums (as a series of individual specificities and contingencies) from a range of disciplinary and intellectual traditions. We approach this task from the proposition that museum theory cannot be divorced from museum practice, arguing that museums are best understood as sites of “conjuncture” where different disciplines, theoretical approaches, and practices meet. Our starting point is Nicholas Thomas's argument that museums can be understood as a method which is itself generative of theory rather than simply as a site on which to perform theoretical models of analysis. We build on this approach by analyzing the ways in which contributors to this volume have generated new forms of knowledge using museums to think with. Among these approaches are the moves beyond governmentality paradigms toward an understanding of the nondiscursive, affective functions of museums; and a recognition of the role of museums in the production of reflexive forms of knowledge and citizenship formation, as well their activist role in society. We argue, in the final instance, that the field of museums provides an expanded field of vision for those of us interested in following particular theoretical debates, but that it does so precisely because this field is constituted through a series of methodological practices that have and continue to be key to the ways in which disciplines are shaped, public space is understood and produced, subjectivities are shaped, and relations between peoples are enabled. If there was ever any doubt as to the contributions of museums to the formation of culture or their relevance to innovation in both theory and disciplinary practices, we hope our collection goes a long way to demonstrating the value of thinking otherwise.
Thinking (with) Museums: From Exhibitionary Complex to Governmental Assemblage
Authors: Bennett Tony 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter reviews the similarities and differences between two theoretical frameworks that I have proposed for thinking about the relationships between museums and society: first, one which interprets museums as parts of an “exhibitionary complex” and, second, their interpretation as parts of governmental assemblages. While these are both derived from the work of Foucault, they have different consequences, which I explore. I begin with the concept of the exhibitionary complex which, while it has proved quite influential since I first proposed it in the 1980s, has also had its critics. I review these criticisms and indicate what I think is still worth retaining from this earlier proposal. I then go on to review the lines of inquiry that are suggested by referring to museums as “governmental assemblages.” I illustrate both concepts and their consequence with selected examples from a range of the different kinds of museums to which I have applied them: nineteenth‐century art and natural history museums, and twentieth‐century anthropology museums, for example.
Museums, Human Rights, and Universalism Reconsidered
Authors: Barrett Jennifer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHuman rights in the museum context draw on the 1789 French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and on the more recent (1948) United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Central to these declarations is a notion of the universal, which is potentially in tension with critiques of universalism in the museum sector. The chapter examines how human rights are situated in the history of the public museum, particularly in the so‐called universal museum and the Declaration of Universal Museums from 2002. It traces the emergence of museums that address atrocities, such as holocaust museums (1980s) and museums as sites of conscience (1990s), before considering the more recent museums and alliances such as the Federation of International Human Rights Museums (FIHRM) which focus on human rights and engage in activism and advocacy on both local and international scales.The chapter highlights tensions between notions of universalism and human rights discourses through vignettes of the International Slavery Museum in Liverpool and the Canadian Museum of Human Rights in Winnipeg. In doing so, it addresses the crucial issue of how these tensions might contribute to change in museums in the twenty‐first century.
The Democratic Horizons of the Museum: Citizenship and Culture
Authors: Dahlgren and Joke Hermes Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChange is sweeping through the world of museums, technologically, financially, and ideologically, impacting on the sociocultural evolution of their roles and status. We seek to contribute to ongoing reflections by offering a conceptual framework that links museums with democratic theory, to citizenship and its practices – a domain that is also in notable transition. We connect concretely with the current research on museum communication based in Tartu, Estonia, which focuses on three key streams: public dialogue and debate, content, and processes.We see theraison d’êtreof museums as situated in a force field between culture – including “popular” culture – and the ambitions, rights, and duties traditionally associated with the role of the citizen. These domains are increasingly overlapping with each other. Our analytical horizons consist of two complementary perspectives. First, the perspective of civic cultures underscores the cultural prerequisites for civic participation, underlining such dimensions as knowledge, spaces, practices, and identities. Second, cultural citizenship is a trajectory that elucidates the democratic character of popular culture – its accessibility, its inclusiveness, its offers of “community.” From these two vistas, museums become sites that can – via their cultural activities – serve to promote, or hinder, cultural citizenship.Integrating these two orientations, we look analytically at the three streams of museum communication identified by the Tartu group. Public discussion and debate involve civic participation beyond the confines of the museum's space, that is, in the larger society. Here museums have the potential, for example, to stimulate a reflexive interpretation of history and collective identities. Processes relate not least to actual communicative strategies; museums are moving away from the unidirectional “transfer” of knowledge and are encouraging the negotiation of meaning in regard to society, culture, heritage, and so forth. As museums shift toward contemporary cultural mainstreams, options for active communicative efforts emerge, for example, “remixes” of established works or perspective, multivalent messages, and dialogical interaction with visitors. From our outsider perspective, our contribution aims to be descriptive and analytical but also normative. We argue that museums have an important and growing role to play in the development of democracy and its civic cultures.
Museums, Ecology, Citizenship
Authors: Miller Toby 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter considers the responsibilities of institutions, citizens, workers, and consumers in response to the search by polluters for social licenses to operate via the subvention of museums. Boosterist museums bask in the glow of technological innovation, newness, and subvention, even as they lay claim to the long view of history, art, and objectivity. Arts activism points to a different way forward which involves environmental awareness and workers’ rights.
The Art of Anthropology: Questioning Contemporary Art in Ethnographic Display
Authors: Geismar Haidy 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the relationship between contemporary art and anthropology from multiple perspectives. While much attention has been paid to the nuances of regional, national, and subdisciplinary schools of anthropology, the framework of contemporary art, a much larger field of practice, has been far less critically unpacked in ethnographic terms. By exploring the resonance of contemporary art narratives within new museum projects, the framework of institutional critique, and the provocation of theories of assemblage, I highlight the border zones and aesthetic frames that constitute contemporary art in the ethnographic museum and trace some of the effects of this relationship.
Change and Continuity: Art Museums and the Reproduction of Art‐Museumness
Authors: Ang Ien 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMuseum theorizing today generally emphasizes that there is no such thing asthemuseum as an invariant institutional form. Instead, a pluralist perspective is favored, stressing the diversity and particularity of actually existing museums. This chapter cautions against this rejection of generalization, arguing that, despite the enormous changes and diversification that museums – in particular, art museums – have undergone in the past few decades, the “art museum” remains a recognizable cultural institution with recognizably generic characteristics. These characteristics pertain to the fundamentalraison d'êtreof the art museum: its commitment to the collection and display of art. This founding commitment to “art‐museumness” – without which art museums would cease being art museums – sets limits to what actually existing art museums can do to change, despite continuing efforts for them to become more inclusive, accessible, or democratic. Focusing on two case studies involving the two main art museums in Sydney, Australia, the chapter shows that such efforts can be pursued only as long as they do not jeopardize the art‐museumness of the museum. At the Art Gallery of New South Wales, a self‐proclaimed desire to transcend elitism and diversify its audiences was found to be contradicted by the institution's need to maintain its curatorial authority in defending the boundaries of what is Art, a need which ultimately proved non‐negotiable. At the Museum of Contemporary Art, a daring initiative to take contemporary art out of the museum into the social world of business and community was limited by the museum's absolute belief in the value of artasArt. These two examples demonstrate that this belief in art is essential for the institutional self‐preservation of the art museum, and cannot, therefore, be questioned. This unwavering commitment to art is also, as this chapter shows, a source of tension in collaborations between academic museum theorists and museum professionals. While for the former the art museum's aesthetic disposition (Bourdieu) is an object of critique, for the latter it is an essential requirement.
Cool Art on Display: The Saatchi Phenomenon
Authors: McGuigan Jim 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Publicly subsidized art galleries and museums, like other public sector organizations, have been subjected to immense pressure to operate more like private businesses in recent times. This is a particular feature of the transition from organized to neoliberal capitalism. This chapter looks at a specific development in the art world that takes the neoliberal usurpation of the public sector in the cultural field further and, in this case, literally replace it: the Saatchi phenomenon and the promotion (and sale) of cool art in general.

Focusing on the
Newspeak: British Art Now
exhibition, the chapter argues that since the mid‐1990s, Saatchi has performed the hybrid role of patron‐dealer for what has been labeled “Young British Art,” which is discussed in this chapter as an exemplary instance of cool capitalist culture. Cool capitalism is the incorporation of disaffection, and especially signs of disaffection, into capitalism itself. Although Saatchi's activity in this respect has been a private and profit‐making enterprise, he has been able, in effect, to usurp the public sector's role in the legitimization of new art. The chapter includes a coda on the
Rank
exhibition which toured the north of England in 2009 and which, it is argued, represented a marginalized counterpoint to cool art by recalling a near forgotten yet possibly never more relevant history.