bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of uptake, cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects in respiratory cells exposed to pristine and ‐OH and ‐COOH functionalized multi‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ursini Cinzia Lucia , Maiello Raffaele , Ciervo Aureliano , Fresegna Anna Maria , Buresti Giuliana , Superti Fabiana , Marchetti Magda , Iavicoli Sergio , Cavallo Delia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractToxic effects were reported for pristine‐multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (p‐MWCNTs) while the role of the functionalization on MWCNT‐induced toxicity is not yet well defined. We evaluated on human alveolar (A549) epithelial cells and normal bronchial (BEAS‐2B) cells exposed to p‐MWCNTs, MWCNTs‐OH and MWCNTs‐COOH: uptake by TEM, cell viability by different assays, membrane damage by the LDH assay and cytokine release by ELISA. The aims of the present study were to: (i) confirm MWCNT cytotoxicity mechanisms hypothesized in our previous studies; (ii) identify the most reliable viability assay to screen MWCNT toxicity; and (iii) to test our model to clarify the role of functionalization on MWCNT‐induced toxicity. In A549 cells, p‐MWCNTs and MWCNTs‐OH were localized free in the cytoplasm and inside vacuoles whereas MWCNTs‐COOH were confined inside filled cytoplasmic vesicles. WST‐1 and Trypan blue assays showed in A549 cells a similar slight viability reduction for all MWCNTs whereas in BEAS‐2B cells WST1 showed a high viability reduction at the highest concentrations, particularly for MWCNTs‐COOH. The MTT assay showed a false cytotoxicity as a result of MWCNTs‐interference. Pristine and MWCNTs‐COOH induced membrane damage, particularly in BEAS‐2B cells. MWCNTs‐COOH induced interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 release in A549 cells whereas p‐MWCNTs induced IL‐8 release in BEAS‐2B cells. MWCNTs intracellular localization in A549 cells confirms the toxicity mechanisms previously hypothesized, with p‐MWCNTs disrupting the membrane and vesicle‐confined MWCNTs‐COOH inducing inflammation. WST‐1 was more reliable than MTT to test MWCNT‐toxicity. BEAS‐2B cells were more susceptible then A549 cells, particularly to MWCNT‐COOH cytotoxicity. Our results confirm the toxicity of p‐MWCNTs and demonstrate, also for the two kinds of tested functionalized MWCNTs toxic effects with a different mechanism of action. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgery versus endoscopic cauterization in patients with third or fourth branchial pouch sinuses: A systematic review
Authors: Derks Laura S. M. , Veenstra Hidde J. , Oomen Karin P. Q. , Speleman Lucienne , Stegeman Inge 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo systematically review the current literature on treatment of third and fourth branchial pouch sinuses with endoscopic cauterization, including chemocauterization and electrocauterization, in comparison to surgical treatment.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsWe conducted a systematic search. Studies reporting original study data were included. After assessing the directness of evidence and risk of bias, studies with a low directness of evidence or a high risk of bias were excluded from analysis. Cumulative success rates after initial and recurrent treatments were calculated for both methods. A meta‐analysis was conducted comparing the success rate of electrocauterization and surgery.ResultsA total of 2,263 articles were retrieved, of which seven retrospective and one prospective article were eligible for analysis. The cumulative success rate after primary treatment with cauterization ranged from 66.7% to 100%, and ranged from 77.8% to 100% after a second cauterization. The cumulative success rate after the first surgical treatment ranged from 50% to 100% and was 100% after the second surgical attempt. Meta‐analysis on electrocauterization showed a nonsignificant risk ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–2.33).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of cauterization in preventing recurrence seems to be comparable to surgical treatment. However, we suggest endoscopic cauterization as the treatment of choice for third and fourth branchial pouch sinuses because of the lower morbidity rate.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:212–217, 2016
Comparison of interstitial brachytherapy and surgery as primary treatments for nasal vestibule carcinomas
Authors: Bussu Francesco , Tagliaferri Luca , Mattiucci Giancarlo , Parrilla Claudio , Dinapoli Nicola , Miccichè Francesco , Artuso Alberto , Galli Jacopo , Almadori Giovanni , Valentini Vincenzo , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisSquamous cell carcinoma arising from the nasal vestibule is a rare condition accounting for about 1% of head and neck malignancies with several peculiarities concerning both staging and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the oncological and functional results of two different treatment modalities for the primary site: surgery and brachytherapy.Study DesignA case series with the comparison of two different treatment modalities.MethodsWe evaluate clinical and survival data of 12 untreated patients, enrolled by a multidisciplinary tumor board, comparing oncological, functional, and esthetic results after surgery or after interstitial brachytherapy as exclusive treatments for the primary site. The functional and esthetic outcome was subjectively rated by the patients using a five‐point scale.ResultsLocoregional control and survival are not significantly different between patients primarily treated by surgery and by brachytherapy. The functional and esthetic outcome, as assessed by the degree of satisfaction of the patients, is significantly better after primary brachytherapy than after primary surgery (P = .014).ConclusionsIn our experience brachytherapy, accomplished in close cooperation between surgeons and radiation oncologists, achieves oncological results that are not different from surgery, but with a higher degree of patient satisfaction, mainly due to the esthetic outcome.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:367–371, 2016
Alternaria and Cladosporium calendar of Western Thrace: Relationship with allergic rhinitis symptoms
Authors: Katotomichelakis Michael , Nikolaidis Christos , Makris Michael , Proimos Efklidis , Aggelides Xenophon , Constantinidis Theodoros C. , Papadakis Chariton E. , Danielides Vassilios 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAlternaria and Cladosporium are the most important outdoor moulds. The aim of this study was to present fungal spore monitoring data, investigate the relationship of fungal counts with climate conditions, and to explore the clinical significance of Alternaria and Cladosporium species monitoring in allergic rhinitis (AR).Study DesignAnalytic observational study.MethodsA 7‐day volumetric trap was used to collect circulating Alternaria and Cladosporium fungi. Sixty‐nine AR patients were studied and recorded their symptoms by Total 5 Symptoms Score (T5SS). Sensitization prevalence to fungi species was detected by skin prick tests. Monitoring data were correlated to climate conditions and patients symptoms score.ResultsAlternaria and Cladosporium were detected throughout the calendar year in ranges of 0 to 217 spores/m3 and 6.5 to 1,600 spores/m3 per day, respectively. Highest daily concentrations of both fungi were detected during the summer (73.9 ± 34.4 spores/m3 for Alternaria and 595.8 ± 288.0 spores/m3 for Cladosporium) and lowest during the winter (2.4 ± 3.0 spores/m3 for Alternaria and 24.3 ± 15.7 spores/m3 for Cladosporium). Both were positively correlated to mean daily temperature and negatively to relative humidity (all P < 0.001). Clinically, a strong significant correlation between T5SS and airborne fungi levels, both for Alternaria (r = 0.822, P = 0.001) and Cladosporium (r = 0.787, P = 0.002) species was observed.ConclusionsWe found Cladosporium to be the most frequently detected airborne mould, whereas Alternaria was the most prevalent with regard to sensitization rate. Patients' symptoms score was significantly correlated to spore concentrations. Both fungi were clearly affected by climate factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. These findings are important in AR management.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:E51–E56, 2016
Effect of airway dynamics on the development of larynx cancer
Authors: Taylan Mahsuk , Can Omer Faruk , Cetincakmak Mehmet Guli , Ozbay Musa 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to investigate and measure airway dynamics in anatomical regions where laryngeal cancer was most common in comparison to other regions of the larynx, thereby determining the effect of airway dynamics on the development of laryngeal cancer.Study Design and MethodsPulmonary function test airflow data and larynx anatomy measurement data obtained by three‐dimensional computed tomography. A healthy male adult was modeled by simulation using the ANSYS program. Analysis of air flow rates, pressure, and force were also made.ResultsThe supraglottic region average pressure was higher when compared to the subglottic region and clearly lower when compared to the glottic region. The subglottic had the lowest pressure and force levels. The glottic region was the first ranked location for laryngeal cancer; the supraglottic region was the second; and the frequency of laryngeal cancer was much lower in the subglottic region. Our data suggests that the high pressure and force contribute to an increased amount of contact and interaction between toxic particles and mucosa and to increased diffusion of the particles, leading to an increased carcinogenic effect and frequency of cancer.ConclusionLaryngeal cancer was found more frequently in regions with an increased pressure and force stress and reduced air velocity, with a subsequent increase in penetration of the inhaled toxic agents. These findings demonstrate the importance of basic physical fluid mechanics in cancer pathogenesis.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:1136–1142, 2016
Interobserver agreement of confocal laser endomicroscopy for detection of head and neck neoplasia
Authors: Moore Charles , Mehta Vikas , Ma Xiaohui , Chaudhery Shabnum , Shi Runhua , Moore‐Medlin Tara , Lian Timothy , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe have described the feasibility of using the probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in differentiating benign from malignant lesions of the head and neck. Therefore, we wanted to determine the interobserver agreement of pCLE offline images of noncancerous, precancerous, and cancerous lesions of the head and neck.Study DesignSingle tertiary referral center.MethodsIn the feasibility study, image criteria for nondysplasia, dysplasia, and cancer were defined. The pCLE was performed before lesions were biopsied. Fifty offline images and 10 videos of good quality were selected. Seven surgeons and one pathologist were asked to review and categorize the images into the three categories above. The overall accuracy of 29 offline pCLE images and six videos were compared with histopathology. Interobserver agreement and accuracy kappa (κ) scores were measured with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThere were six nondysplasia, seven dysplasia, and 11 squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) cases, each with multiple images. There was substantial agreement between the eight reviewers on the pCLE images and videos (κ = 0.66; 95% CI 0.51–0.82 and κ = 0.71; 95% CI 0.42–0.97, respectively). The overall agreement with the final histopathology was also substantial for both the images and video sequences (κ = 0.70; 95% CI 0.50–0.88 and κ = 0.73; 95% CI 0.39–1.00, respectively).ConclusionThe ability to differentiate normal mucosa, dysplasia, and invasive SCCA using pCLE with high accuracy and reliability was demonstrated. This technology has the potential to decrease sampling error of lesions in the head and neck. This is the first study to test the reliability of this technology in mucosal lesions of the head and neck.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:632–637, 2016
Facial nerve stimulation in the narrow bony cochlear nerve canal after cochlear implantation
Authors: Rah Yoon Chan , Yoon Young‐sun , Chang Moon Young , Lee Ji Young , Suh Myung‐Whan , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung‐ha , Chang Sun O. , Park Moo Kyun 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the correlation between a narrow bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) and facial nerve stimulation (FNS) after cochlear implantation (CI) and their underlying mechanisms and to predict the risk of FNS preoperatively.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 64 pediatric cases that underwent CI were included. Among them, 32 cases experienced FNS after CI, and another 32 cases were selected from 817 pediatric implantees by stratified random sampling. The width of the BCNC, the status of the cochlear nerve (CN) and the internal auditory canal (IAC), T level, and C level were compared and analyzed. Strategies for eliminating FNS were also analyzed.ResultsThe FNS group showed a narrower BCNC (1.09 ± 0.52 mm) than the control group (1.99 ± 0.61 mm; P < .01), a lower CN/facial nerve ratio (0.32 ± 0.36) than the control group (1.34 ± 0.76; P < .01), and narrower IAC diameter (4.06 ± 1.71 mm) than the control group (5.66 ± 1.36 mm; P < .01). The FNS group also showed higher T level (165.7 ± 28.3 μA) than the control group (142.2 ± 21.2 μA; P < .01). Adjustment of the C levels and/or pulse width and switching off offending electrodes were attempted to eliminate FNS, with a 75.0% success rate. The FNS group still showed low Categories of Auditory Performance scores (3.00 ± 1.90) compared with the control group (5.94 ± 1.41, P < .01) after adjustment.ConclusionsA narrow BCNC could be a cause of FNS after CI. Therefore, careful selection of the side for CI and programming strategies are required to reduce FNS.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1433–1439, 2016
A systematic review of patient‐reported outcome measures for chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Phillips John S. , Yung Matthew W. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to systematically appraise the world literature to identify existing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for the assessment of outcomes in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media, to verify the diversity of the individual questionnaire items, to report the methods employed to evaluate the questionnaires, and to identify areas for development in the future.Data SourcesEmbase (January 1980–November 2014), MEDLINE (January 1946–November 2014), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (January 1981–November 2014), and PsycINFO (January 1806–November 2014).Review MethodsA systematic literature search was independently undertaken by the two authors according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsNine original articles were identified, which overall outlined the evaluation of four different questionnaires.ConclusionsThis systematic appraisal of the world literature has identified four PROM questionnaires for use in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. All four questionnaires evaluate reliability and validity using different psychometric methods. The Chronic Ear Survey questionnaire has been most broadly evaluated and disseminated. All four questionnaires assess static health status. There are many advantages to developing a dynamic one‐hit questionnaire to assess the health status of patients having undergone an intervention for chronic suppurative otitis media.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1458–1463, 2016
Surgical risk factors for recurrence of inverted papilloma
Authors: Healy David Y. , Chhabra Nipun , Metson Ralph , Holbrook Eric H. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify variations in surgical technique that impact the recurrence of inverted papilloma following endoscopic excision.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsData from 127 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic excision of inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma at a tertiary care medical center from 1998 to 2011 were reviewed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor stage, and intraoperative details, including tumor location and management of the base, were evaluated to identify factors associated with tumor recurrence.ResultsRecurrence of papilloma occurred in 16 patients (12.6%). Mean time to recurrence was 31.0 months (range, 5.2–110.0 months). Mucosal stripping alone was associated with a recurrence rate of 52.2% (12/23 patients), compared to 4.9% (3/61 patients) when the tumor base was drilled, 4.7% (1/21 patients) when it was cauterized, and 0.0% (0/22 patients) when it was completely excised (P = .001). Increased recurrence rate was associated with tumors located in the maxillary sinus (P = .03), as well as the performance of endoscopic medial maxillectomy (P = .001) and external frontal approaches (P = .02).ConclusionsDrilling, cauterizing, or completely excising the bone underlying the tumor base during endoscopic resection reduces the recurrence rate of inverted and oncocytic papilloma, when compared to mucosal stripping alone. Surgeons who perform endoscopic resection of these tumors should consider utilization of these techniques when possible.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:796–801, 2016
New clinical trials for nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schrag Anette , Sauerbier Anna , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTNonmotor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) encompass a range of clinical features, including neuropsychiatric problems, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, fatigue, and pain. Despite their importance for patients' quality of life, the evidence base for their treatment is relatively sparse. Nevertheless, the last few years have seen a number of new trials starting that specifically address nonmotor features as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Large randomized, controlled trials in the last 3 years reported improvement of psychosis with the new selective serotonin 5‐HT2A inverse agonist pimavanserin and of postural hypotension with the oral norepinephrine precursor droxidopa. Smaller new randomized, controlled trials support the effectiveness of Deep Brain Stimulation and opiates for pain, of rivastigmine for apathy and piribedil for apathy post‐DBS, group cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and/or anxiety, continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnea in PD and doxepin for insomnia, and of solifenacin succinate and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for urinary symptoms. A number of new smaller or open trials as well as post‐hoc analyses of randomized, controlled trials have suggested usefulness of other treatments, and new randomized, controlled trials are currently ongoing. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Guidelines for ethical behavior relating to clinical practice issues in neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine
Authors: Abel Naomi A. , De Sousa Eduardo A. , Govindarajan Raghav , Mayer Matthew P. , Simpson David A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM) developed guidelines to formalize the ethical standards that neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic (EDx) physicians should observe in their clinical and scientific activities. Neuromuscular and EDx medicine is a subspecialty of medicine that focuses on evaluation, diagnosis, and comprehensive medical management, including rehabilitation of individuals with neuromuscular disorders. Physicians working in this subspecialty focus on disorders of the motor unit, including muscle, neuromuscular junction, axon, plexus, nerve root, anterior horn cell, and the peripheral nerves (motor and sensory). The neuromuscular and EDx physician's goal is to diagnose and treat these conditions to mitigate their impact and improve the patient's quality of life. The guidelines are consistent with the Principles of Medical Ethics adopted by the American Medical Association and represent a revision of previous AANEM guidelines. Muscle Nerve 52: 1122–1129, 2015
Novel ABC miktoarm star terpolyphosphoesters: Facile construction and high‐flame retardant property
Authors: Qiu Jun , Zhang Jiawen , Yu Fangli , Wei Jun , Ding Liang 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA combination of ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization approach was first time utilized in the preparation of novel ABC miktoarm star terpolyphosphoesters (PPEs). Acrylate‐terminated monotelechelic PPE was first prepared through ROMP of 7‐membered cyclic phosphate monomer in the presence of a terminating agent, and then terminal acrylate group was readily converted, by thiol‐Michael addition click reaction and esterification, to a heterodifunctional PPE with hydroxyl and acrylate groups, which was a key precursor for the preparation of ABC miktoarm terpolymers. ROP of the cyclic phosphoester monomer initiated by this PPE was successively carried out to generate the acrylate‐functionalized block PPE, which utilized as a selective macromolecular chain stopper in subsequent ADMET polymerization of α,ω‐diene phosphate monomer, finally producing miktoarm terpolyphosphoester. These prepared miktoarm star terpolyphosphoesters demonstrated superior thermal and flame retardant properties via TGA, limiting oxygen index, and microscale combustion calorimetry tests. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 692–701
Shortening a loop can increase protein native state entropy
Authors: Gavrilov Yulian , Dagan Shlomi , Levy Yaakov 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTProtein loops are essential structural elements that influence not only function but also protein stability and folding rates. It was recently reported that shortening a loop in the AcP protein may increase its native state conformational entropy. This effect on the entropy of the folded state can be much larger than the lower entropic penalty of ordering a shorter loop upon folding, and can therefore result in a more pronounced stabilization than predicted by polymer model for loop closure entropy. In this study, which aims at generalizing the effect of loop length shortening on native state dynamics, we use all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to study how gradual shortening a very long or solvent‐exposed loop region in four different proteins can affect their stability. For two proteins, AcP and Ubc7, we show an increase in native state entropy in addition to the known effect of the loop length on the unfolded state entropy. However, for two permutants of SH3 domain, shortening a loop results only with the expected change in the entropy of the unfolded state, which nicely reproduces the observed experimental stabilization. Here, we show that an increase in the native state entropy following loop shortening is not unique to the AcP protein, yet nor is it a general rule that applies to all proteins following the truncation of any loop. This modification of the loop length on the folded state and on the unfolded state may result with a greater effect on protein stability. Proteins 2015; 83:2137–2146. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.