bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Shared Biosynthetic Pathway for Botcinins and Botrylactones Revealed through Gene Deletions
Authors: Massaroli Michelli , Moraga Javier , Bastos Borges Keyller , Ramírez‐Fernández Jacinto , Viaud Muriel , González Collado Isidro , Durán‐Patrón Rosa , Hernández‐Galán Rosario 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIsotopic labelling experiments and the study of mutants with disrupted genes encoding botcinic acid have revealed a common link in the biosynthesis of the polyketide toxins excreted by Botrytis cinerea: botcinins and botrylactones. Furthermore, the results reported here shed light on the origin of the starter unit, thereby solving a long‐standing mystery in the biosynthesis of botcinins.
Porous‐Organic‐Framework‐Templated Nitrogen‐Rich Porous Carbon as a More Proficient Electrocatalyst than Pt/C for the Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen
Authors: Pachfule Pradip , Dhavale Vishal M. , Kandambeth Sharath , Kurungot Sreekumar , Banerjee Rahul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPorous nitrogen‐rich carbon (POF‐C‐1000) that was synthesized by using a porous organic framework (POF) as a self‐sacrificing host template in a nanocasting process possessed a high degree of graphitization in an ordered structural arrangement with large domains and well‐ordered arrays of carbon sheets. POF‐C‐1000 exhibits favorable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) with a clear positive shift of about 40 mV in the onset potential compared to that of a traditional, commercially available Pt/C catalyst. In addition, irrespective of its moderate surface area (785 m2 g−1), POF‐C‐1000 showed a reasonable H2 adsorption of 1.6 wt % (77 K) and a CO2 uptake of 3.5 mmol g−1 (273 K).
A One‐Pot, Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Route to 2‐Indolyl‐C‐glycosides
Authors: Subramanian Parthasarathi , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient and high‐yielding, one‐pot, Cu‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐indolyl‐C‐glycosides is delineated. The sequence involves a cascade Sonogashira type coupling and a hydroamination reaction between sugar‐derived alkynes and N‐tosyl‐o‐iodoaniline followed by removal of the N‐tosyl group to provide a library of 2‐indolyl‐C‐glycosides in moderate to excellent yields.
Efficient Manganese/Copper Bimetallic Catalyst for N‐Arylation of Amides and Sulfonamides Under Mild Conditions in Water
Authors: Teo Yong‐Chua , Yong Fui‐Fong , Ithnin Idzham Khalid , Yio Siew‐Hui Trionna , Lin Zhiyin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient and mild method using a bimetallic MnF2/CuI catalyst at 60 °C in water was developed for the N‐arylation of amides and sulfonamides with aryl halides. A variety of functionalized amides and sulfonamides were coupled with different substituted aryl halides to afford the corresponding N‐arylated products in good to excellent yields (up to 97 %).
Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides and Vinylamines through Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroarylation in the Presence of FeCl3 and AgOTf
Authors: Eom Dahan , Mo Juntae , Lee Phil Ho , Gao Zhiming , Kim Sunggak 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA synthetic method was developed for the preparation of vinyl sulfides and vinylamines from arylalkynyl phenyl sulfides and sulfonamides. Under mild conditions, a catalytic intramolecular hydroarylation reaction was carried out in the presence of FeCl3 and AgOTf (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) in 1,2‐dichloroethane. A variety of 1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes, 2H‐chromenes, and 1,2‐dihydroquinolines containing a phenylsulfenyl or N‐phenyl‐N‐tosyl group on the sp2‐hybridized benzylic carbon were prepared in good to excellent yields. The present method could be extended to the preparation of dihydropyrano[2,3‐g]chromenes through a twofold Fe‐catalyzed hydroarylation by a selective 6‐endo mode.
Collagen–nanofiber hydrogel composites promote contact guidance of human lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells and directed capillary tube formation
Authors: Laco Filip , Grant M. Helen , Black Richard A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCollagen and fibronectin matrices are known to stimulate migration of microvascular endothelial cells and the process of tubulogenesis, but the physical, chemical, and topographical cues for directed vessel formation have yet to be determined. In this study, growth, migration, elongation, and tube formation of human lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (LECs) were investigated on electrospun poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(L‐lactic‐co‐D‐lactic acid) (PLDL) nanofiber‐coated substrates, and correlated with fiber density and diameter. Directed migration of LECs was observed in the presence of aligned nanofibers, whereas random fiber alignment slowed down migration and growth of LECs. Cell guidance was significantly enhanced in the presence of more hydrophobic PLDL polymer nanofibers compared to PLGA (10:90). Subsequent experiments with tube‐forming assays reveal the ability of resorbable hydrophobic nanofibers >300 nm in diameter to promote cell guidance in collagen gels without direct cell–fiber contact, in contrast to the previously reported contact‐guidance phenomena. Our results show that endothelial cell guidance is possible within nanofiber/collagen–gel constructs that mimic the native extracellular matrix in terms of size and orientation of fibrillar components. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Optimization of low sulfur carob pulp liquor as carbon source for fossil fuels biodesulfurization
Authors: Silva Tiago P. , Paixão Susana M. , Teixeira Alexandra V. , Roseiro José C. , Alves Luís 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biodesulfurization (BDS) is a complementary technology to hydrodesulfurization since it allows the removal of recalcitrant sulfur compounds present in fossil fuels. The cost of culture medium to produce the biocatalysts is still one limitation for BDS application. Carob pulp, as an alternative carbon source, can reduce this cost. However, the presence of sulfates is critical, since BDS is inhibited at very low concentrations. Thus, the goal of this work was to optimize the process of sulfur precipitation on carob pulp liquor.RESULT: The effect of BaCl2 concentration (0–0.5%) and exposure time (6–36 h) on sulfate removal from carob pulp liquor was studied according to a statistical design following the Doehlert distribution for two factors. This experimental design determined that 0.5% BaCl2 concentration for 21 h were adequate conditions for sulfate removal from carob pulp liquor using BDS.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that it is possible to use alternative carbon sources derived from agro‐industrial wastes for BDS, even those with high sulfur levels. For future industrial application, an inexpensive culture medium would have to be employed in a large‐scale process and carob pulp liquor could be the carbon source. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of axial dispersion and mixing performance in oscillatory baffled reactors using CFD
Authors: Manninen Mikko , Gorshkova Elena , Immonen Kirsi , Ni Xiong‐Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe paper reports extensive CFD work and analyses of an oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) planned to be used for the production of polyaniline continuously. In the polyaniline process, viscosity changes during the course of the reaction. Two non‐Newtonian fluids were used to represent the stages of fluids during the reaction in a simulation, in addition to water as the reference fluid. Two quantitative measures derived from the CFD results are employed to evaluate OBR reactor performance: the axial dispersion coefficient and the ratio of axial and transverse velocities.ResultsThe CFD data showed that the dispersion coefficient as a function of viscosity exhibits a maximum for given oscillation parameters. In the turbulent regime, the axial dispersion is often correlated with the oscillatory Reynolds number in OBR or equivalent Reynolds numbers in other reactor devices. In the high viscosity regime, such a general correlation is not valid for different operational parameters. The results of the CFD simulations in the moving baffle‐OBR indicate, for the first time, that the axial dispersion coefficients in the moving baffle arrangement is 10–17% higher than that in the moving fluid type, due to enhanced shear rate in the former device. This quantitative information is valuable for the design and smooth transition from batch to continuous reactors.ConclusionThe established dependence of axial dispersion and the ratio of axial to transverse velocities on both viscosity and the operational parameters enhanced the understanding of mixing and dispersion characteristics of the OBR. The CFD analysis supplied the information needed to determine the design parameters for the reactor used in continuous production of polyaniline.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The Expression Patterns of Reg IV Gene in Normal Rat Reproduction System
Authors: Du Fang , Yao Zhen‐Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReg IV, the latest member of the regenerating gene family, has been documented in different tissues of human and rat, such as the colon, small intestine, stomach, and pancreas. Expression of Reg IV gene in distinct cell types has been correlated with its various functions in regeneration, cell growth and survival, proliferation and differentiation, cell adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis. However, there was no evidence to show whether the Reg IV protein is present in the reproductive system of normal rat. The aim of this study was to reveal the expression patterns of Reg IV in rat ovary and uterus. The expression of Reg IV was analyzed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The localization of Reg IV protein within rat ovary and uterus was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results showed that the expression of Reg IV in ovary was significantly higher than that in the uterus. The strong immunoreactive signals of Reg IV was observed in granulosa cells and oocytes of ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, and interstitial cells in rat ovary; only weak signals were detected in luminal and gland epithelium of rat endometrium. These findings first demonstrate the expression of Reg IV in ovary and uterus of the healthy rat at both mRNA and protein levels. It provides an evidence of Reg IV expression in rat reproductive system, which may help elucidate a potential role in cell growth and proliferation of reproductive system. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:32–38, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis and treatment outcomes for patients with lymphoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Wyss Etienne , Mueller‐Garamvölgyi Esther , Ghadjar Pirus , Rauch Daniel , Zbären Peter , Arnold Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Lymphoma of the parotid gland (LPG) is a rare disease. Clinical diagnosis is difficult, due to a lack of specific symptoms and findings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic workup based on the analysis of our cases of LPG and to present the stage‐dependent treatment outcome.Study Design:Retrospective case–control study.Methods:From 1992 to 2008, 697 patients at our institution underwent surgery because of a parotid tumor. Among 246 malignancies, an LPG was found histologically in 28 cases (4%). Staging was performed according to the Ann Arbor classification, and treatment was performed by radiotherapy and/or chemo/immunotherapy. The patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:No specific symptoms were found, with the main finding being a unilateral, painless, slowly progressing parotid mass. The sensitivities of imaging and fine‐needle aspiration cytology in detecting LPG were 41% and 12%, respectively. Histology was the key to diagnosis, and frozen sections often revealed the diagnosis during surgery, which obviated the need for more extensive surgery in 89% of cases. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival estimates were 100% and 75% for early tumor stages (I and II) and advanced stages (III and IV), respectively.Conclusions:When the precise nature of a parotid mass remains obscure after fine‐needle aspiration cytology and imaging, but LPG is clinically suspected, surgical tissue sampling with frozen sections appears to be a valid option and can prevent the need for more extensive surgery. The treatment outcome for LPG is favorable. Laryngoscope, 2013
Modelling the Impacts of Wildfire on Ash Thickness in a Short‐Term Period
Authors: Pereira P. , Cerdà A. , Úbeda X. , Mataix‐Solera J. , Arcenegui V. , Zavala L. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAsh can provide valuable soil protection. However, ash is also very mobile, and soil protection patterns can be quickly changed, favouring the protection of some areas and exposing others with implications for soil erosion. In this research, the effects of a high severity wildfire on ash thickness were studied, 1 and 15 days after the fire. For this evaluation, several interpolation methods were tested to identify the best spatial predictor of ash distribution. The results showed that 1 day after the fire, ash was thinner in high severity areas. Fifteen days after the fire, ash thickness decreased, and the spatial pattern changed. This implies that evaluation of fire severity based on ash thickness must take a place immediately after the fire because it is affected by (re)distribution. There was an increase in the spatial autocorrelation, and ash distribution corresponded to a specific spatial pattern, because of wind (re)distribution. One day after the fire, the most accurate predictor was Inverse to a Weight 3 (IDW3) that detected easily the small‐scale variability of ash thickness, and after 15 days, ordinary kriging identified a specific pattern of ash distribution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of RF unsafe devices using a parallel transmission MR system
Authors: Graesslin Ingmar , Krueger Sascha , Vernickel Peter , Achtzehn Johannes , Nehrke Kay , Weiss Steffen 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe permanent presence of devices (pacemakers) inside a patient, or the need to use other devices (catheters), for diagnosis and treatment, usually represents a contraindication for a magnetic resonance examination. To help overcome this problem, a novel and noninvasive magnetic resonance system‐based concept is proposed to detect potentially unsafe radio frequency (RF) conditions of such devices to ensure patient safety.MethodsThis concept makes use of parallel transmit technology by monitoring currents in individual RF transmit coil elements during RF transmission using suitable current sensors. For interventional devices, current changes can be directly measured, whereas for implanted devices, the use of reference signals is proposed, which cannot be measured in the patient.ResultsCoupling of unsafe devices to transmit coils led to detectable current changes in the elements because of energy absorption into the device. The concept was successfully tested on interventional and implantable devices and turned out to be so sensitive that even very weak RF coupling to these devices was detectable.ConclusionIn this study, basic feasibility to detect RF unsafe conditions was successfully demonstrated. In the future, RF patient safety may be improved in the presence of implanted devices, as well as during interventions using this concept. Magn Reson Med 70:1440–1449, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Froment–Rauber nerve: A case report and review
Authors: Kamerath Joseph H. , Epstein David K. , Fitzpatrick Kevin F. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Froment–Rauber nerve is a rarely described anomalous nerve arising from 1 of the terminal branches of the radial nerve that provides innervation to intrinsic hand muscles. We describe a 26‐year‐old man who had a traumatic radial nerve injury that resulted in first dorsal interosseous muscle wasting. He presented to our clinic 2.5 years post‐injury, after having had unnecessarily undergone surgical exploration of the ulnar nerve.MethodsThe patient's history, clinical examination, and multiple electrodiagnostic tests were reviewed.ResultsAll findings were consistent with a diagnosis of anomalous innervation via a Froment–Rauber nerve.ConclusionsUnderstanding this rare phenomenon may aid in diagnosing confusing clinical cases and prevent unnecessary procedures. Muscle Nerve 47: 768–771, 2013
Reporting the results of diagnostic neuromuscular ultrasound: An educational report
Authors: Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Boon Andrea J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS), an emerging diagnostic subspecialty field, has become an important extension of the electrodiagnostic examination. However, there are no formal guidelines on how to appropriately report NMUS results. Methods: The AANEM convened an expert panel to develop recommendations for reporting NMUS findings. Results: Providers should describe the reason for referral, the nerves or muscles studied, and normal values as well as numerical values for the results of imaging. Muscle imaging reports should also include a description of how gray‐scale values were calculated. NMUS‐guided needle placement reports should include a description of the length and gauge of needle, the type of probe used, and an indication of how well the patient tolerated the procedure. All reports should clearly state whether the findings were normal or abnormal and include a definitive diagnosis. Conclusions: NMUS reports should provide comprehensive information along with a succinct conclusion, mirroring guidelines for electrodiagnostic reports. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Does Electron Capture Dissociation Cleave Protein Disulfide Bonds?
Authors: Ganisl Barbara , Breuker Kathrin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPeptide and protein characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) relies on their dissociation in the gas phase into specific fragments whose mass values can be aligned as ‘mass ladders’ to provide sequence information and to localize possible posttranslational modifications. The most common dissociation method involves slow heating of even‐electron (M+n H)n+ ions from electrospray ionization by energetic collisions with inert gas, and cleavage of amide backbone bonds. More recently, dissociation methods based on electron capture or transfer were found to provide far more extensive sequence coverage through unselective cleavage of backbone NCα bonds. As another important feature of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD), their unique unimolecular radical ion chemistry generally preserves labile posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation. Moreover, it was postulated that disulfide bond cleavage is preferred over backbone cleavage, and that capture of a single electron can break both a backbone and a disulfide bond, or even two disulfide bonds between two peptide chains. However, the proposal of preferential disulfide bond cleavage in ECD or ETD has recently been debated. The experimental data presented here reveal that the mechanism of protein disulfide bond cleavage is much more intricate than previously anticipated.
Influence of moieties on morphology, thermal, and dielectric properties in polyamide‐polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes nanocomposites
Authors: Gnanasekaran D. , Walter P. Ajit , Reddy B.S.R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of new hexafluoroisopropylidene, isopropylidene, carbonyl, and ether moieties substituted polyamides have been prepared from aromatic diamines and various moieties substituted aromatic dianhydrides. The synthesized polyamides were readily soluble in polar solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. These polyamides exhibited good thermal stability and high char yields. The chemical and physical properties of the newly prepared polyamide‐polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes (PA‐POSS) were compared in terms of their chemical structures and thermal properties. The morphological properties of the polymeric nanocomposites depend both on their chemical structure of dianhydride and the aggregation of POSS were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Polyamides with bulky POSS and ﬂuoro groups can effectively decrease dielectric constants. The dielectric constants of PA‐POSS were found to be decreased from 3.75 to 3.29 by changing the substitution. These polyamides showed good thermal stability up to 353 °C for a 10 % weight loss. The fluorinated polyamides have relatively higher thermal stability than the polyamides without halogen because of high bond energy of CF bond. The fiuorinated groups in the polymer backbone have played an important role in the improvement of dielectric performance of polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
An alternative approach for optimal carrier concentration towards ideal thermoelectric performance
Authors: Rawat Pankaj Kumar , Paul Biplab , Banerji P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOptimization of the carrier concentration of any thermoelectric material is a prime factor for the enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit. An alternative approach for achieving optimal carrier concentration is presented here. We introduce impurity levels of ytterbium (Yb) near the valence band edge of Pb1–xSnx Te. The temperature‐dependent redistribution of electrons between the Yb‐impurity levels and the valence band is found to optimize the excess hole concentration at low temperature and negating the effect of intrinsic conduction at higher temperature leading to significantly improved thermoelectric performance in Pb1–xSnx Te. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New metaphors about culture: Implications for research in science teacher preparation
Authors: Seiler Gale 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCulture has been commonly used in science education research, in particular to examine issues of equity for students from low‐income, racial, and ethnic minority communities. It has provided a lens with which to appreciate science classrooms as cultural places and to recognize the importance of students' cultural ways of being as resources for science learning. Scanning the ways that “culture” has been used in recent publications shows that much science education research continues to draw from an older view of culture(s) as a bounded and coherent set of beliefs and practices associated with a distinct social world, referred to as a pluralizable or discontinuous view of culture. This view of culture has been critiqued on the basis of its assumptions of homogeneity of groups and as masking the role of systemic inequity in the marginalization of people from certain communities. This view of culture is often associated with a particular set of metaphors, such as cultural borders, gaps, mismatch, conflict, and tension. Despite increasing attention in science education research to an alternative view of culture as porous and emergent, these newer ways of thinking about culture do not yet seem to have been taken up in research around science teacher preparation. Recognizing the usefulness as well as the limits of the older view of culture as bounded and coherent social worlds, this paper points to other metaphors about culture—such as funds of knowledge, third space, and figured world—that might be more helpful in preparing science teachers. By exploring the metaphors we use to think about culture and how they structure the inferences and actions of teachers and researchers alike, we can envision new avenues of research and practice that will inform the preparation of science teachers for the complexity of our schools and classrooms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:104–121, 2013