bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension: A Genome‐Wide, Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐Over Study, Using Four Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Hiltunen Timo P. , Donner Kati M. , Sarin Antti‐Pekka , Saarela Janna , Ripatti Samuli , Chapman Arlene B. , Gums John G. , Gong Yan , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. , Frau Francesca , Glorioso Valeria , Zaninello Roberta , Salvi Erika , Glorioso Nicola , Boerwinkle Eric , Turner Stephen T. , Johnson Julie A. , Kontula Kimmo K. 
Published: January 2015

Background
Identification of genetic markers of antihypertensive drug responses could assist in individualization of hypertension treatment.

Methods and Results

We conducted a genome‐wide association study to identify gene loci influencing the responsiveness of 228 male patients to 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs. The Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (
GENRES
) study is a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study where each subject received amlodipine, bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan, each as a monotherapy, in a randomized order. Replication analyses were performed in 4 studies with patients of European ancestry (
PEAR
Study, N=386;
GERA
I and
II
Studies, N=196 and N=198;
SOPHIA
Study, N=372). We identified 3 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within the

ACY
3

gene that showed associations with bisoprolol response reaching genome‐wide significance (
P
<5×10
−8
); however, this could not be replicated in the
PEAR
Study using atenolol. In addition, 39 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms showed
P
values of 10
−5
to 10
−7
. The 20 top‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were different for each antihypertensive drug. None of these top single‐nucleotide polymorphisms co‐localized with the panel of >40 genes identified in genome‐wide association studies of hypertension. Replication analyses of
GENRES
results provided suggestive evidence for a missense variant (rs3814995) in the

NPHS
1

(nephrin) gene influencing losartan response, and for 2 variants influencing hydrochlorothiazide response, located within or close to the

ALDH
1A3

(rs3825926) and

CLIC
5

(rs321329) genes.

Conclusions
These data provide some evidence for a link between biology of the glomerular protein nephrin and antihypertensive action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and encourage additional studies on aldehyde dehydrogenase–mediated reactions in antihypertensive drug action.
Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnego
Authors: Węgorowska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2015

Heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands in the light of erudite linguisticsThe essay contains reflections on the ways of using erudite linguistics, a young discipline created by me, in the study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands.Correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic conclusions (culture, history, art, gemology) permits us to look in a new way at many facts of the Polish Northeastern Borderlands that linguists had not been interested in before, such as old Polish Northeastern Borderlands museum artifacts, jewelry of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn, cult of the dead in the Polish Northeastern Borderlands, architecture of the old Vilnius, manor house in Czombrów – the prototype of Soplicowo (the village in Pan Tadeusz epic poem), descriptions of Henryk Poddębski’s daguerreotype images, Vilnius identity of Henryk Szylkin or symbolic-figurative nicknames of Vilnius. Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnegoSzkic jest refleksją o sposobach wykorzystywania stworzonego przeze mnie, kilkunastoletniego zaledwie, językoznawstwa erudycyjnego w badaniach nad problematyką wielkoksiążęcą i północnokresową.Korelacja ustaleń językoznawczych z ustaleniami pozajęzykowymi (kultura, historia, sztuka, gemmologia…) pozwoliła na nowe odczytanie wielu kresowych faktów, które nie były dotąd przedmiotem zainteresowania językoznawców, jak np.: artefakty dawnych północnokresowych muzeów, wielkoksiążęce precjoza, Ikona Ostrobramska, północnokresowy kult zmarłych, architektura dawnego Wilna, prototyp Soplicowa – dwór w Czombrowie, opisy dagerotypów Henryka Poddębskiego, wileńska tożsamość Henryka Szylkina czy symboliczno-metaforyczne nazwy Wilna.
XIX-wieczne badania ludoznawcze na obszarze Łotwy w świetle korespondencji Stefanii Ulanowskiej do Jana Karłowicza
Authors: Rembiszewska Dorota Krystyna 
Published: January 2015

19th century ethnological research on the territory of Latvia in view of correspondence of Stefania Ulanowska to Jan KarłowiczLetters, which are the basis of the article, are a part of Jan Karlowicz’s (a 19th century ethnographer, lexicographer) heritage kept in the historical archive in Vilnius. They are evidence of correspondence between Jan Karłowicz and Stefania Ulanowska, the author of Łotysze Inflant Polskich, a w szczególności z gminy wielońskiej powiatu rzeżyckiego since October 1889 until January 1890 during Ulanowska’s stay in the village of Wielony, now Viļāni (Latvia).The correspondence is a source of rich material including information about Ulanowska that has not been published so far as well as data of Latgale’s and its inhabitants’ past. Moreover, it is a unique evidence of scientific peregrinations. These letters have their contribution in ethnographic research on the former territory of Poland as they show circumstances and methods of exploration used in the 19th century. At the same time they can be an interesting gloss for research over Latgalian dialects as far as names of material culture are concerned. XIX-wieczne badania ludoznawcze na obszarze Łotwy w świetle korespondencji Stefanii Ulanowskiej do Jana KarłowiczaListy, stanowiące podstawę omówienia, pochodzą ze spuścizny Jana Karłowicza (XIX-wiecznego etnografa, leksykografa) przechowywanej w litewskim archiwum historycznym w Wilnie. Są one świadectwem korespondencji prowadzonej przez Jana Karłowicza i Stefanię Ulanowską – m.in. autorkę Łotyszy Inflant Polskich, a w szczególności z gminy wielońskiej powiatu rzeżyckiego, od października 1889 r. do stycznia 1890 r. podczas pobytu badaczki w miejscowości Wielony, obecnie Viļāni (Łotwa).Korespondencja ta dostarcza dość bogatego materiału, zawierającego informacje dotychczas niedrukowane na temat Ulanowskiej. Przynosi także sporo danych z przeszłości Łatgalii i jej mieszkańców. Poza tym stanowi jednostkowe świadectwo peregrynacji naukowych. Listy te wnoszą wkład do historii badań etnograficznych na terenach dawnej Rzeczpospolitej, unaoczniają okoliczności, metody eksploracji w wieku XIX. Jednocześnie mogą być interesującą glosą do badań nad gwarami łatgalskimi w zakresie nazw kultury materialnej.
Napisy nagrobne w Rzeżycy i Krasławiu (Łotwa) jako przykład koegzystencji kultur i języków w Łatgalii
Authors: Ostrówka Małgorzata Maria 
Published: January 2015

Tomb inscriptions in Rēzekne and Kraslava (Latvia) as an example of co-existence of cultures and languages in LatgaleThe article presents structural and linguistic analysis of tomb inscriptions in two cemeteries in Latgale, Latvia – in Rēzekne and Kraslava. Five types of inscriptions are presented: nominative-identifying, locating-identifying, inscriptions with eschatological expressions, inscriptions with an invocation to the deceased and inscriptions on symbolic tombs. The Polish tombs do not differ from Latvian ones. Sometimes it is difficult to define the nationality of the person buried in a given grave, e.g. when the surname has a Polish ending (Lipowski) and the inscription is in Latvian. The article mentions a few traces of the influence of the Orthodox culture, represented by high fences made of metal surrounding the grave.The linguistic analysis showed similarity of the inscriptions from Latvia to those from Lithuania and Belarus. It can be confirmed by the presence of such features of the North Borderland as akanye, ukanye, reduction e > i/y, soft pronunciation of consonants l’, č’, d’, t’, r’. One can also observe the influence of the neighbouring languages, Russian and Latvian, on the Polish language, i.e. mixing letters and their functions.The similarity can be noticed in the form of graves – they are earth graves with a tombstone at the head including identifying data, religious symbols and portraits of the deceased. Napisy nagrobne w Rzeżycy i Krasławiu (Łotwa) jako przykład koegzystencji kultur i języków w ŁatgaliiW artykule dokonano analizy strukturalnej i językowej napisów nagrobnych na dwóch cmentarzach na Łotwie w Łatgalii – w Rzeżycy (Rēzekne) i Krasławiu (Krāslava). Przedstawiono 5 typów inskrypcji: nominatywno-identyfikacyjne, lokatywno-identyfikacyjne, inskrypcje ze zwrotami eschatologicznymi, inskrypcje z inwokacją do osoby zmarłej oraz inskrypcje na grobach symbolicznych. Polskie nagrobki nie różnią się od łotewskich. Czasami wręcz trudno stwierdzić, jakiej narodowości były osoby pochowane w danym grobie, np. gdy nazwisko posiada polski sufiks -ski (np. Lipowski ), a napis jest po łotewsku. Nieliczne są ślady wpływu kultury prawosławnej w postaci wysokich metalowych ogrodzeń.Analiza językowa wykazała podobieństwo napisów z Łotwy do inskrypcji z Litwy i Białorusi. Potwierdza to obecność takich cech północnokresowych, jak: akanie, ukanie, redukcja e > i/y, miękka realizacja spółgłosek l’, č’, d’, t’, r’. Zauważalny jest także wpływ języków sąsiadujących – rosyjskiego i łotewskiego na polszczyznę polegający głównie na mieszaniu liter i ich funkcji.Podobieństwo obejmuje także formę nagrobków – groby są ziemne z płytą u wezgłowia, na której wygrawerowane są dane identyfikacyjne, symbole religijne oraz portrety zmarłych.
Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na Grodzieńszczyźnie
Authors: Konczewska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2015

Notes about the Polish language gravestone inscriptions in Grodno regionThe article presents the analysis of features of the Polish language displayed in gravestone inscriptions of the chosen Catholic cemeteries of Grodno region – Kvasovka, Indura, Vereyki, Replya, Lunno, Volpa, Ros. The author briefly describes the districts where research was conducted, gives a general characteristics of the cemeteries and analyses the Polish language inscriptions in gravestones, noting regional linguistic features. Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na GrodzieńszczyźnieArtykuł jest próbą analizy specyfiki regionalnej polszczyzny, zawartej w inskrypcjach nagrobnych z wybranych cmentarzy katolickich na Grodzieńszczyźnie: Kwasówka, Indura, Wierejki, Repla, Łunna, Wołpa, Roś. Autorka przedstawia skrótową informację o miejscowościach, w których odbywały się badania, daje ogólną charakterystykę cmentarzy, a także analizuje polszczyznę inskrypcji nagrobnych, zwracając uwagę na jej cechy regionalne.
Некоторые аспекты кодификации феномена современного славянского язычества по данным полевых исследований
Authors: Шиженский [Shizhenskiĭ] Роман [Roman] 
Published: January 2015

Some aspects of the codification phenomenon of contemporary Slavic paganism (in light of from field study material)On the basis of material received from a survey of three Russian pagan associations, the author discusses some features of "rodnovercheski" communities, as well as world view of followers of this religious and socio-political phenomenon. More attention is paid, in the first place, to the social composition of neo-pagan communities. Criteria such as age, place of work and education of neo-pagan adepts are taken into consideration, as well as the following question: Who do the representatives of neo-paganism regard as their allies and who as their opponents? Niektóre aspekty kodyfikacji zjawiska współczesnego pogaństwa słowiańskiego (w świetle badań terenowych)Na podstawie materiałów uzyskanych z badań ankietowych w trzech rosyjskich gminach neopogańskich autor artykułu omawia niektóre cechy wspólnot rodzimowierskich („rodnovercheskich”) oraz światopogląd wyznawców neopogaństwa, zjawiska o charakterze religijnym i społeczno-politycznym. Autor skupia uwagę przede wszystkim na społecznej strukturze wspólnot neopogańskich. Pod rozwagę bierze kryteria takie, jak: wiek, miejsce pracy i wykształcenie wyznawców neopogaństwa. Zadaje też pytanie: kogo przedstawiciele nurtu neopogańskiego uznają za swych sprzymierzeńców, a kogo za przeciwników?
Rozwój funkcjonalności systemu informacji bibliograficznej językoznawstwa slawistycznego – od SYBISLAWa do iSybislawa
Authors: Mikos Zenon 
Published: January 2015

Functional development of the bibliographic information system on Slavic linguistics – from SYBISLAW to iSybislawThe paper presents the process of functional development of the bibliographic information system on Slavic linguistics. The first database SYBISLAW (System Bibliografii Slawistycznej), established in 1993, was only available locally and used primarily to generate bibliographies in a traditional book form (7 volumes for the years 1992–1997). In the face of the development of information technology and the needs of modern bibliography users, the professional system of bibliographic information on Slavic linguistics iSybislaw was designed and implemented in 2008. It is a modern system available online for both indexators, as well as for external users. The structure and functio­nality of the iSybislaw system allow the use of an expanded formal and subject description, advanced search options and access to full texts of documents. Rozwój funkcjonalności systemu informacji bibliograficznej językoznawstwa slawistycznego – od SYBISLAWa do iSybislawaArtykuł przedstawia proces funkcjonalnego rozwoju systemu informacji bibliograficznej światowego językoznawstwa slawistycznego. Pierwsza baza danych SYBISLAW (System Bibliografii Slawistycznej), która powstała w 1993 r., była dostępna wyłącznie lokalnie i służyła przede wszystkim generowaniu bibliografii w tradycyjnej postaci książkowej (7 woluminów za lata 1992-1997). Wobec rozwoju technik informacyjnych i potrzeb współczesnych użytkowników bibliografii w 2008 r. zaprojektowano i zaimplementowano profesjonalny system informacji bibliograficznej językoznawstwa slawistycznego iSybislaw. Jest to nowoczesny system dostępny online zarówno dla indeksatorów, jak i dla użytkowników zewnętrznych. Struktura i funkcjonalność systemu iSybislaw pozwalają na stosowanie w bazie rozbudowanego opisu formalnego i rzeczowego, zaawansowanych opcji wyszukiwania dokumentów oraz zamieszczania pełnych tekstów dokumentów.
Appropriateness of prescribing thyroxine in primary care
Authors: Cooper Rachel , Pinkney Jonathan , Ayling Ruth M 
Published: January 2015

Introduction A practice hypothyroid register is part of the quality and outcomes framework. In literature, the prevalence of hypothyroidism is stated to be 2% but the prevalence, defined from quality and outcomes framework data, is 3.2% in the UK and 3.6% in Plymouth. We sought to investigate the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and reasons for prescription of thyroxine to patients on the hypothyroid register in Plymouth. Methods A letter was sent to the 10 practices with the highest prevalence of hypothyroidism requesting a list of patients on their registers. The hospital pathology system was used to identify those with biochemically documented hypothyroidism (defined as thyroid stimulating hormone >10mU/L) For two large practices the clinical records of the remaining patients were reviewed to ascertain the reasons for prescription of thyroxine and whether it led to symptomatic improvement. Results Seven practices responded with 1246 patients on their registers, of whom 43.6% had documented hypothyroidism. A review of notes of patients on the register, but without documented hypothyroidism, showed <25% to have an improvement in symptoms after prescription of thyroxine. Tiredness was the most common symptom prompting prescription of thyroxine. Conclusion Of the patients on the register, only 43.6% had documented biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism and, from notes review of those without documented hypothyroidism, at least two-thirds may have been prescribed thyroxine outwith current national guidance. If this is correct, it has significant resource implications, impacts upon the workload of primary care, pharmacy and the laboratory service and may have clinical implications for patients.
Focused metabolomics using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of urinary conjugated cholesterol metabolites from patients with Niemann–Pick disease type C and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Maekawa Masamitsu , Shimada Miki , Ohno Kousaku , Togawa Masami , Nittono Hiroshi , Iida Takashi , Hofmann Alan F , Goto Junichi , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Mano Nariyasu 
Published: January 2015

Background Various conjugated cholesterol metabolites are excreted in urine of the patients with metabolic abnormalities and hepatobiliary diseases. We aimed to examine the usefulness of precursor ion scan and neutral loss scan for the characterization of conjugated cholesterol metabolites in urine. Methods A mixture of authentic standards of conjugated cholesterol metabolites was used for investigating the performance of the present method. The urine of patients with Niemann–Pick diseases type C and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency were analysed by precursor ion scan of m/z 97, 74, and 124. Results A precursor ion scan of m/z 97 was effective for identifying conjugates with ester sulphates on hydroxyl groups whereas ester sulphates on phenolic alcohols were signalled by a neutral loss scan of 80 Da. Monosaccharide-conjugated cholesterol metabolites were signalled by a precursor ion scan of m/z 113. Although precursor ion scan of m/z 74 and 124 was effective for finding glycine- and taurine-conjugated metabolites, high intensity of product ions ( m/z 74 and 124) disturbed measurement of other multiply conjugated metabolites. The urine samples contained many conjugated cholesterol metabolites, and there were several disease-specific intense peaks. We found several unknown intense peaks with three known peaks in urine of the Niemann–Pick type C patient. In the patient with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, intense peaks that were tentatively identified as 5-cholenoic acid sulphates and their glycine and taurine conjugates were present. Conclusion The method should lead to the discovery of new urinary biomarkers for these disturbances of cholesterol catabolism and transport.
Is CO2 a good proxy for indoor air quality in classrooms? Part 2: Health outcomes and perceived indoor air quality in relation to classroom exposure and building characteristics
Authors: Chatzidiakou Lia , Mumovic Dejan , Summerfield Alex 
Published: January 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether keeping indoor thermal conditions and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels within the current guideline values can provide a healthy and comfortable school environment. The study was organised as a longitudinal investigation over an academic year using a cohort of 376 students aged 9 to 11 (response rate: 87%) attending 15 classrooms in five London primary schools. The prevalence of asthmatic symptoms and asthma attacks was significantly higher among children attending urban schools (10.2%) than suburban schools (1.5%), and was significantly related to exposure to higher nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.19). Self-reported dermal, mucosal, respiratory and general symptoms were 18.5%, 60.7%, 28.2% and 43.6% respectively in the heating season, and decreased in the non-heating season. Infiltration rates were negatively associated with prevalence and incidence of all sick building syndrome symptoms. Exposure to traffic-related pollutants, such NO2, ozone (O3) and tetrachloroethylene (T4CE), associated with mucosal symptoms, also increased dissatisfaction with indoor air quality (IAQ) and, therefore, perceived IAQ might be a first indication of exposure. Among targeted microbial counts, only Trichoderma viride remained significant predictors of satisfaction with IAQ even at low concentrations. The study provides evidence that simultaneous provision for limiting indoor CO2 levels and thermal conditions below current guidelines (e.g. below 1000 ppm and 26℃ or 22℃ depending on season) may improve perceived IAQ. This paper stresses the need to go beyond current regulations to investigate concentrations of specific pollutants to ensure a healthy school environment, and closes with a section on the practical implications on the UK policy and the building design industry. Practical application: The findings highlight the role and responsibility of stakeholders, from regulators to designers and school authorities, to account for the external environment and take the steps needed to ensure that schools provide a healthy indoor environment for their students. The recommendations focus on the need to decrease outdoor pollution levels in the school vicinity, thus improving health of the students and reducing the prevalence of respiratory illness. Building designers and engineers shall adopt an integrated approach for the simultaneous provision of adequate thermal conditions and IAQ in classrooms.
Systematic Technique-Dependent Differences in CT Versus MRI Measurement of the Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance
Authors: Ho Charles P. , James Evan W. , Surowiec Rachel K. , Gatlin Coley C. , Ellman Michael B. , Cram Tyler R. , Dornan Grant J. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: January 2015

Background: The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TTTG) distance is used to quantify the degree of lateralization of the patellar tendon insertion on the tibial tubercle relative to the deepest part of the trochlear groove. Disagreement exists as to whether the TTTG distance measured on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be considered equivalent. Purpose: To compare TTTG distance as measured on axial CT and MRI and to investigate the potential effect of patient positioning between modalities. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who received both CT and MRI of the same knee for any indication from August 2010 to April 2014 were included in this study. The TTTG distances were measured twice by 2 raters in a randomized order, with at least 30 days between ratings to minimize recall bias. Inter- and intrarater reliability of CT and MRI measurements and intermethod reliability were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland-Altman plots were also created to assess agreement. Differences in patient positioning were investigated to determine its effect on the TTTG distance. Results: Fifty-nine patients (age, 32.8 ± 12.9 years) were included. Interrater ICCs were excellent for both CT and MRI measurements. Intrarater ICCs were excellent for both raters. Absolute agreement ICCs for intermethod reliability were fair to good, but consistency type agreement was excellent. A systematic bias of lower MRI distances (bias = −2.8 mm) compared with CT was observed. The investigation of CT versus MRI imaging techniques demonstrated that the standard MRI examination places the knee in approximately 4.6° of relative varus alignment compared with CT. Conclusion: A systematic bias toward lower TTTG distances on MRI compared with CT was found. This finding is likely dependent on imaging technique, including patient positioning. Patient knees were positioned in varus on the MRI compared with the CT examination, with resulting lower TTTG distances on MRI compared with CT. The TTTG distances on CT and MRI vary with imaging technique, which may be attributable to patient positioning and result in differences among imaging centers.