bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection Of The Optimal Level Of Distal Fixation For Correction Of Scheuermann’s Hyperkyphosis
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy Mikhail V. , Sorokin Artem N. , Novikov Vjacheslav V. , Vasyura Alexander S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:To analyze the efficacy of the method for selecting the distal level of fusion in treatment of thoracic hyperkyphosis in patients with Scheuermann’s disease.Background:The fusion area needs to include all the kyphotic deformity in Scheuermann patients; however, precise levels of the distal fixation have not been determined yet.StudyDesign:Retrospective cohort review.Materials and methods:Thirty-six patients were operated in the Department of Children and Adolescent Spine Pathology between 2007 and 2010. These patients were divided into two groups: in group I (n = 29) a lower instrumented vertebra corresponded to the sagittal stable one and in group II (n = 7) - this vertebra located proximally.Results:The mean preoperative kyphosis was 79.3° ± 11.6°, the postoperative – 40.6° ± 11.9° (correction of 49.9%), loss of correction was 4.9° ± 7.0°. Sagittal balance changed from −0.3 ± 3.2 cm before surgery to −1.7 ± 2.1 cm after surgery. Distal junctional kyphosis developed in 1 case (4%) in Group I, and in 5 cases (71%) in Group II.Conclusion:A distal level of instrumentation ending at the first lordotic vertebra is not justified and causes violation of sagittal balance and development of distal junctional kyphosis. The inclusion of a sagittal stable vertebra in fusion prevents the development of this undesirable situation.
Morphological Study Of Border Area Of Pulp-Capping Materials And Er:YAG Laser Prepared Hard Dental Surface
Authors: Stefanova Vessela P. , Tomov Georgi T. , Tsanova Snezhana Ts. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Vital pulp therapy involves biologically based therapeutic activities aimed at restoring health and preserving the vitality of cariously or traumatically damaged pulp. Adaptation of pulp-capping materials to the prepared tooth surface may be the key to the success of biological tooth treatment.
Aim: To investigate the area of adaptation of synthetic tricalcium silicate cement, calcium hydroxide cement and mineral trioxide-aggregate to the dentin surface, prepared with the help of Er:YAG dental laser.
Material and methods: Four extracted human tooth cavities were prepared with the help of Er:YAG dental laser (LiteTouch, Syneron, Israel), establishing microcommunication with the pulp chamber less than 1 mm in diameter. As pulp-capping materials in the cavities we used tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine, Septodont, France), calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) and mineral-trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA), stirred and administered according to manufacturers’ instructions. The first material fills the whole cavity and the other two are spread in a thin layer and sealed with glass ionomer cement. Thus prepared, the samples were left for three days at 37°C in humidified environment. The samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by standard methodology. The border area surfaces of the materials and the dentin were scanned using electron microscopy.
Results: The morphological changes occurring to the Er:YAG laser prepared dentin and the structural characteristics of the studied pulp-capping materials are demonstrated using scanograms. The border areas where good contact of materials and dentinal tubules is established are thoroughly studied. Good adaptation is seen in three-calcium silicate cement, followed by mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide cement.
Conclusion: The dentin surface, prepared with Er:YAG laser demonstrates a very good adaptation of the three tested pulp-capping materials.
Some Analytic Expressions for the Capacitance and Profiles of the Electric Double Layer Formed by Ions Near an Electrode
Authors: Henderson Douglas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The electric double layer, which is of practical importance, is described. Two theories that yield analytic results, the venerable Poisson-Boltzmann or Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory and the more recent mean spherical approximation, are discussed. The Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory fails to account for the size of the ions nor for correlations amoung the ions. The mean spherical approximation overcomes, to some extent, these deficiencies but is applicable only for small electrode charge. A hybrid description that overcomes some of these problems is presented. While not perfect, it gives results for the differential capacitance that are typical of those of an ionic liquid. In particular, the differential capacitance can pass from having a double hump at low concentrations to a single hump at high concentrations.
Comparison of two Variable Interpolation Methods for Predicting the Vapour Pressure of Aqueous Glycerol Solutions
Authors: Szalkai István , Sebestyén Attila , Della-Vecchia Biancamaria , Kristóf Tamás , Kótai László , Bódi Ferenc 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Several general mathematical methods for approximating two variable functions are applied for the study of the relationships between the temperature, concentration, and vapour pressure of aqueous glycerol solutions. The general properties of each of the applied methods are discussed in respect of possible alternative applications.
A Study of the Adsorption Characteristics of Cobalt and Caesium from a Solution by Using Vietnamese Bentonite
Authors: Cuong Le Phuoc , Giang Pham Hoang , Hanh Bui Dang , Bátor Gergő 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The radioactive waste produced from the construction of a nuclear power plant is a controversial topic. The resulting radioactive waste contains 60Co and 137Cs isotopes that are the most difficult to remove. Bentonite is widely used as an adsorbent for heavy metals. An important factor is the safe operation of waste management at a nuclear power plant to be built in Vietnam. Therefore, a method of degrading complexes of radionuclides and the adsorption of radionuclides onto Vietnamese Bentonite was implemented in this study. In current literature, UV radiation and heating with oxidising substances are used in general for degrading complexes of radionuclides. The experimental results for the adsorption of Co(II) and Cs+ onto VNB suggest that VNB can be used in the future for large-scale liquid waste treatment due to its low cost, high efficiency, and environmentally friendliness.
Barriers to Screening and Possibilities for Active Detection of Family Medicine Attendees Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Kopčavar Guček Nena , Petek Davorina , Švab Igor , selič Polona 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn 1996 the World Health Organization declared intimate partner violence (IPV) the most important public health problem. Meta-analyses in 2013 showed every third female globally had been a victim of violence. Experts find screening controversial; family medicine is the preferred environment for identifying victims of violence, but barriers on both sides prevent patients from discussing it with doctors.MethodsIn July 2014, a qualitative study was performed through semi-structured interviews with ten family doctors of different ages and gender, working in rural or urban environments. Sound recordings of the interviews were transcribed, and the record verified. The data were interpreted using content analysis. A coding scheme was developed and later verified and analysed by two independent researchers. The text of the interviews was analysed according to the coding scheme.ResultsTwo coding schemes were developed: one for screening, and the other for the active detection of IPV. The main themes emerging as barriers to screening were lack of time, staff turnover, inadequate finance, ignorance of a clear definition, poor commitment to screening, obligatory follow-up, risk of deterioration of the doctor-patient relationship, and insincerity on the part of the patient. Additionally, cultural aspects of violence, uncertainty/helplessness, fear, lack of competence and qualifications, autonomy/negative experience, and passive role/stigma/fear on the part of the patients were barriers to active detection.ConclusionAll the participating doctors had had previous experience with active detection of IPV and were aware of its importance. Due to several barriers to screening for violence they preferred active detection.
General and Specific Culture Learning in EFL Textbooks Aimed at Adult Learners in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio R. Raigón , Espinar Ángela Mª Larrea 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Since language teaching in modern-day society is closely linked to cultural instruction, this study employs the model of a cultural learning analysis based on the earlier work of Paige and Lee. Using this model, the authors analysed the cultural content of six B1 and B2-level textbooks for teaching English to adults in Spain, and carried out a comparative study of the results, contrasting the two levels. Findings show that the subjective aspects of culture receive less coverage in textbooks, despite being fundamental to an understanding of the values of a society. Regarding the comparison between B1 and B2 levels, the data indicate that the number of big “C” Culture occurrences is similar for both levels, although there are differences in other cultural aspects. So, for example, culture in general is dealt with more at the B1 level, whereas small “c” culture is dealt with more at the B2 level.
Changes in oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars exposed to rewarming upon freezing stress / Donma stresi üzerine yeniden sıcaklık artışına maruz kalmış arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinin antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde ve oksidatif zararında değişimler
Authors: Erkal Nilüfer Afşar , Kayıhan Ceyhun , Öktem Hüseyin Avni , Yücel Meral , Eyidoğan Füsun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective: The growth of plants during recovery period after freezing stress is more important for winter cereals to survive frost. However, little research has been done on physio-biochemical changes in response to recovery or rewarming conditions in cereals. In this study, the changes in oxidative stress intensities and antioxidant enzyme activities were thus examined under cold acclimation (CA), short-term freezing stress (F) and rewarming (R) conditions in barley cultivars differing in cold tolerance in order to assess the changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging system.
Methods: Electrolyte leakage, Fv/Fm ratio (quantum efficiency of PSII), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline as well as the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in leaf and root tissues of spring- (Zafer-160) and winter- (Tarm-92) type barley cultivars.
Results: A corresponding increase in the free proline content and activities of APX and GR, the levels of Fv/Fm ratio, electrolyte leakage and the contents of MDA and H2O2 remained unchanged for the leaves of both cold-acclimated barley cultivars. Decreased CAT activity was compansated by increased APX activity following F treatment in the leaves of both cultivars. On the other hand, F treatment caused a significant decrease in activities of APX, GR and CAT in the root tissues of both cultivars. After the R period was complete, the APX and GR activities were determined at maximum level in leaf tissues of both cultivars. It may be verified as lesser accumulation of H2O2 in rewarmed Tarm-92 leaves than those in Zafer-160.
Conclusion: Lower amount of H2O2 accumulation in Tarm-92 compared to Zafer-160 in F and R might indicate a higher tolerance to freezing stress due to strong induction of APX and GR enzyme activities.
Determination of organophosphate resistance status and mechanism in Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Turkey / Türkiye’deki Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nin organofosfat direnç durumunun ve mekanizmasının belirlenmesi
Authors: Karaağaç Sakine Ugurlu , Konuş Metin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine resistance status to malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides and to make biochemical analysis of resistance mechanism(s) developed to these insecticides in Sitophilus zeamais (S. zeamais) populations, collected from two different locations in Turkey. Two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and pirimiphos- methyl, were examined by bioassay using a discriminating dosage technique with impregnated filter papers. Mortality percentages were determined at the discriminating doses of these insecticides. In addition, esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities were also determined in this study in order to analyze detoxification mechanism(s) of tested insecticides in S. zeamais.
Methods: Bioassay experiments of malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides in S. zeamais populations were performed according to the IRAC susceptibility test method No:006. Furthermore, enzyme activities of esterases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and glutathione S-transferases were determined by using biochemical assays.
Results: The bioassay results of malathion and pirimiphos- methyl showed that only Kırıkkale population of S. zeamais has resistance to both malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides. However, no resistance was detected to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides in Samsun population of S. zeamais. Additionally, biochemical analysis displayed that while CYP450-PNOD activities showed an increase only in Kırıkkale population (3.0-fold), EST-PNPA activities showed an increase only in Samsun population (1.3-fold). Finally, GST-CDNB activities increased both in Kırıkkale (1.4-fold) and Samsun (2.2- fold) populations of S. zeamais compared to susceptible population.
Conclusion: Consequently, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases seem to play a role in organophosphate resistance in Kırıkkale population of S. zeamais from Turkey.
The Au-PANI System. Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Nanogold
Authors: Kabomo Tlhabologo Moses , Scurrell Michael Stephen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Gold-polyaniline nanocomposites have been synthesized by
a well-established redox procedure involving the simultaneous
polymerization of aniline and reduction of a gold salt, initially
mixed on a molecular scale. The essential physical chemistry
surrounding the catalytic action of the nanogold particles in the
composite for the oxidation of 4-nitrophenol is
revealed. Substituted anilines have also been used to form the
composites. Atoms substituted on the benzene ring on PANI are likely
to form H-bonds with AuCl4

–
ions adsorbed on
Au NPs. This then strengthens the interaction between Au
NPs with PANICl relative to the situation found with PANIMe which
cannot form H-bonds via the methyl group. Metal-support
interactions have been shown to affect the catalytic activity of
a number of polymer-based catalysts. Functional groups that interact
strongly with Au NPs such as the mercapto group lowered the
activity of the catalyst despite the small Au NPs present. The
high catalytic activity of Au-PANIMe is therefore due to the
weak interactions between PANIMe and Au NPs induced by the
steric hindrance due to the methyl group and its inability to form
H-bonds. Nitrophenol reduction kinetics obeyed the
Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. The order of the catalytic activity
for the reduction of 4-NP was
Au-PANICl > Au-PANI > Au-PANIMe. The
activity of the catalyst was determined by the nature of the
interaction of Au NPs with the polymer.
Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for the 10-Meter Walk Test in Older Adults With Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lang Jesse T. , Kassan Thomas O. , Devaney Laurie Lee , Colon-Semenza Cristina , Joseph Michael F. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose:
Measurement of gait performance in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging because of the daily fluctuations in performance and the progressive nature of the condition. The 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) is commonly used to measure gait speed of individuals with gait limitations. Existing research on the 10MWT in individuals with PD controls for many variables inherent to this condition, rendering the results of this test in settings where these variables are not controlled questionable. The purpose of this study was to estimate under commonly encountered clinical conditions the test-retest reliability and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of gait speed and step frequency determined during the 10MWT in individuals with PD.

Methods:
The 10MWT was administered by 2 testers, on 35 participants, across 2 sessions, separated by 5 to 14 days. Gait speed was measured using a hand-held stopwatch, and step frequency was assessed through visual observation. Test-retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the MDC was calculated using the standard error of measurement (SEM).

Results and Discussion:
Comfortable and fast gait speeds demonstrated excellent reliability between sessions (ICC = 0.92 and 0.96, respectively). The corresponding MDCs were 0.22 and 0.23 m/s, respectively. The test-retest reliability for step frequency was moderate for comfortable gait speed and good for fast gait speeds (ICC = 0.73 and 0.82, respectively). The corresponding MDCs were 15.1 and 17.4 steps per minute for comfortable and fast step frequency, respectively.

Conclusions:
Under both comfortable and fast conditions, measurements of gait speed and step frequency during the 10MWT are reliable between sessions in individuals with PD.
Realismo español: palabras y cosas
Authors: Mora García José Luis 
Published: October 2015

Muchas y varias han sido las interpretaciones que ha merecido la expresión “realismo español” como una forma “sui generis” de relación entre el hombre y la realidad tanto en los planos epistemológico como en el moral y político. María Zambrano desarrolló en sus primeras conferencias en tierras mexicanas una interesante aproximación a partir de sus anteriores reflexiones en Hora de España que son analizadas en este artículo. De Unamuno y Ortega evolucionó a una posición propia muy interesante que partiendo de una filosofía de la historia de España se constituye en una propuesta plenamente filosófica sin fronteras
Reconstruction of the abdominal wall in anatomical plans. Pre and post – operative keys in repairing “cold’’ incisional hernias.
Authors: Popa Florina , Rosca Oana , Georgescu Alexandru , Cannistra Claudio 
Published: October 2015

Background and aims. The clinical results of the vertical "vest-over-pants" Mayo repair were evaluated, and the risk factors for incisional hernia recurrence were studied. The purpose of this study is to point out the importance of reducing pre and post operative risk factors in the incisional hernia repair process in order to achieve a physiologically normal abdominal wall.Methods. Twenty patients diagnosed with incisional hernia underwent an abdominal reconstruction procedure using the Mayo (Paletot) technique at Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital between 2005 and 2015. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon and all patients were pre-operatively prepared, identifying all coexisting conditions and treating them accordingly before undergoing surgery.Results. All patients underwent at least one surgical operation before the hernia repair procedure and a quarter had experienced at least three, prior to this one. Nine patients had a body mass index of >30 kg/m2. Additional risk factors and comorbidities included obesity in 45%, diabetes mellitus in 10%, smoking in 55%, and high blood pressure in 40%.Hernia defect width was from 3 cm (25% F) to 15 cm (5% M) of which nine patients (45%) had a 10 cm defect. Most of the patients had an average hospitalization of 7 days. The patients were carefully monitored and were called on periodic consultations after 3, 6, and 12 months from the moment of the procedure. Patient feedback regarding hernia recurrence and complaints about the scar were noted. Physical examination is essential in determining the hernia recurrence therefore the scar was examined for any abnormalities that may have occurred, which was defined as any palpable or detected fascial defect located within seven centimeters of the hernia repair. Post-operative complications: seroma formation, wound hematoma, superficial and deep wound infection, recurrences and chronic pain were followed and no complications were registered during the follow-up period.Conclusions. Reducing the risk factors to a minimum prior to surgery will increase the success of the incisional hernia repair and generate a positive impact on the patient’s quality of life. The lofty goal of significant weight loss prior to elective hernia has shown to be the key factor in using the Mayo technique for incisional hernia repair. This study demonstrates that the Mayo repair technique is a suitable and trustworthy alternative for repairing incisional hernias with very good results. It’s costs are minimal and it can be easily reproduced, even by less experienced surgeons.
Statistical reporting in the "Clujul-Medical" journal
Authors: Leucuța Daniel-Corneliu , Drugan Tudor , Achimaș Andrei 
Published: October 2015

Background and aim. Medical research needs statistical analyses to understand the reality of variable phenomena. There are numerous studies showing poor statistical reporting in many journals with different rankings, in different countries. Our aim was to assess the reporting of statistical analyses in original papers published in Clujul Medical journal in the year 2014.Methods. All original articles published in Clujul Medical in the year 2014 were assessed using mainly Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature guidelines.Results. The most important issues found in reporting statistical analyses were reduced reporting of: assumptions checking, difference between groups or measures of associations, confidence intervals for the primary outcomes, and errors in the statistical test choice or the descriptive statistic choice for several analyses. These results are similar with other studies assessing different journals worldwide.Conclusion. Statistical reporting in Clujul Medical, like in other journals, have to be improved.