bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extended medial to lateral approach to mobilize the splenic flexure during laparoscopic low anterior resection
Authors: Kim H. J. , Kim C. H. , Lim S. W. , Huh J. W. , Kim Y. J. , Kim H. R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective study of laparoscopic low anterior resection was to compare splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) carried out by an extended medial to lateral approach with that by a lateral approach.MethodRecords of patients with rectal cancer on a prospectively maintained database undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection performed between January 2009 and November 2011 by a single surgeon were analysed. The extended medial to lateral approach involved continuing the medial to lateral approach upwards to enter the lesser sac over the pancreas, thus permitting detachment of the splenic flexure.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐seven patients, including 164 undergoing a lateral SFM and 73 an extended medial to lateral SFM, were evaluated. Both patient groups had similar characteristics except for operative time (152.7 ± 32.7 min extended medial to lateral; 171.5 ± 40.8 min lateral; P < 0.001), postoperatively the interval to oral intake (3.1 ± 0.8 days extended medial to lateral; 3.7 ± 0.9 lateral; P < 0.001) and duration of hospital stay (8.2 ± 2.8 days extended medial to lateral; 10.3 ± 7.5 days lateral; P = 0.002) favoured the extended medial to lateral group.ConclusionAn extended medial to lateral approach for SFM during laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer appears to be an improvement over the previously used lateral approach, because it may provide a shorter operation time and shorter hospital stay.
Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis has a worse 30‐day outcome when performed for colonic inertia than for a neoplastic indication
Authors: Reshef A. , Gurland B. , Zutshi M. , Kiran R. P. , Hull T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimWhether bowel related dysfunction adversely affects postoperative recovery after total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (C + IRA) for colonic inertia (CI) has not been previously well evaluated. This study compared the early postoperative outcome of C + IRA for CI and for other noninflammatory indications.MethodPatients undergoing elective C + IRA from 1999 to 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Since inflammation in the rectum or small bowel may influence the outcome, patients with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Patients undergoing surgery for CI (group A) were compared with patients having the operation for other benign noninflammatory diseases (group B). Demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure and 30‐day complications were assessed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 333 patients undergoing elective C + IRA (99 men, mean age 39 ± 16 years). The procedure was laparoscopic in 163 (49%) patients. Groups A (n = 131) and B (n = 202) had similar age and ASA score (39 ± 11 vs 39 ± 19 years, P = 0.4; 2.2 ± 0.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.7). Group A patients had lower BMI (25 ± 5 vs 28 ± 8 kg/m2, P = 0.002), more women (99 vs 51%, P < 0.001) and fewer laparoscopic procedures (43 vs 53%, P = 0.04). Compared with group B, group A had a greater incidence of postoperative ileus (32 vs 19%, P = 0.009), higher overall morbidity (36 vs 15%, P < 0.001) and increased length of stay (8.4 ± 6 vs 7.2 ± 5 days, P < 0.006). These differences persisted when subgroups of patients who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery were compared.ConclusionAlthough CI is considered a ‘benign’ condition, patients undergoing C + IRA for this indication have significant morbidity compared with patients having the operation for other noninflammatory benign conditions.
Use of near‐infrared spectroscopy to identify trends in regional cerebral oxygen saturation in horses
Authors: McConnell E. J. , Rioja E. , Bester L. , Sanz M. G. , Fosgate G. T. , Saulez M. N. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyAlterations in cerebral haemodynamics may contribute to perianaesthetic complications in horses. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is frequently used intraoperatively in man to provide information regarding cerebral perfusion.ObjectivesTo determine whetherNIRScan identify trends in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in horses and whether there is a correlation betweenrSO2and venous oxygen tensions.MethodsA cerebral oximeter sensor recordedrSO2from the dorsal sagittal sinus of 6 healthy horses. Values forrSO2, arterial and venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2,PvO2,PaCO2andPvCO2respectively), along with arteriovenous oxygen saturations (SavO2) were recorded in unsedated (recording period [RP] 1), sedated (RP2) and anaesthetised horses (RP3–5) and during recovery (RP6–8). During anaesthesia, horses were ventilated to achieve states of normo‐ (RP3), hyper‐ (RP4) and hypocapnoea (RP5). Data were evaluated descriptively and analysed using linear mixed‐effects models andPearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsOverall mean ± s.d. values forrSO2,PaO2,PvO2,PaCO2,SavO2and mean arterial pressure varied significantly byRP(P<0.001). Significant decreases inrSO2were identified betweenRP1 and the post anaesthetic periods (P<0.001). No significant differences inrSO2values were identified betweenRP1 and the intra‐anaesthesia periods or betweenRP3,RP4 andRP5. Significant correlations were identified betweenrSO2andPaO2(r = 0.448, P<0.001),rSO2andPvO2(r = 0.512, P<0.001) andrSO2andSavO2(r = 0.469, P<0.001).ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify trends inrSO2in horses usingNIRS. A positive correlation was identified betweenrSO2andPvO2, suggesting that alterations in cerebral oxygenation may be reflected inPvO2.Potential relevanceNear‐infrared spectroscopy may be used to monitor trends inrSO2during equine anaesthesia. DecreasingrSO2values may act as an early warning signal, alerting clinicians to potential cerebral desaturation events and indicating a need for intervention.
Successful isolation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood‐derived mononuclear cell fractions
Authors: De Schauwer C. , van de Walle G. R. , Piepers S. , Hoogewijs M. K. , Govaere J. L. J. , Meyer E. , van Soom A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for cellular therapy has generated increasing interest in human as well as veterinary medicine. Considerable research has been performed on the cryopreservation of expanded mesenchymal stromal cells, but little information is available on the cryopreservation of the original mononuclear cell fraction.ObjectivesThe present study describes a protocol to expand equine mesenchymal stromal cells after cryopreserving the mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood.MethodsTo this end, mononuclear cells were isolated from 7 umbilical cord blood samples and cryopreserved at a concentration of 1–2 × 109 cells/l cold freezing solution. Cells were cryopreserved and kept frozen for at least 6 months before thawing. Frozen cryotubes were thawed in a 37°C water bath. Putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were immunophenotyped using multicolour flow cytometry based on a selected 9 marker panel.ResultsAverage cell viability upon thawing was 98.7 ± 0.6%. In 6 out of 7 samples, adherent spindle‐shaped cell colonies were observed within 9.0 ± 2.6 days and attained 80% confluency at 12.3 ± 3.9 days. After 3 passages, putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were successfully immunophenotyped as CD29, CD44 and CD90 positive, and CD45, CD73, CD79α, CD105, MHC II and monocyte‐marker negative.Conclusions and potential relevanceEquine mesenchymal stromal cells can be cultured after cryopreservation of the isolated mononuclear cells, a time‐ as well as cost‐efficient approach in equine regenerative medicine.
Structure and mechanism of an inverting alkylsulfatase from Pseudomonas sp. DSM6611 specific for secondary alkyl sulfates
Authors: Knaus Tanja , Schober Markus , Kepplinger Bernhard , Faccinelli Martin , Pitzer Julia , Faber Kurt , Macheroux Peter , Wagner Ulrike 
Published: October 2012

A highly enantioselective and stereoselective secondary alkylsulfatase from Pseudomonas sp. DSM6611 (Pisa1) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and purified to homogeneity for kinetic and structural studies. Structure determination of Pisa1 by X‐ray crystallography showed that the protein belongs to the family of metallo‐β‐lactamases with a conserved binuclear Zn2+ cluster in the active site. In contrast to a closely related alkylsulfatase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SdsA1), Pisa1 showed a preference for secondary rather than primary alkyl sulfates, and enantioselectively hydrolyzed the (R)‐enantiomer of rac‐2‐octyl sulfate, yielding (S)‐2‐octanol with inversion of absolute configuration as a result of C–O bond cleavage. In order to elucidate the mechanism of inverting sulfate ester hydrolysis, for which no counterpart in chemical catalysis exists, we designed variants of Pisa1 guided by three‐dimensional structure and docking experiments. In the course of these studies, we identified an invariant histidine (His317) near the sulfate‐binding site as the general acid for crucial protonation of the sulfate leaving group. Additionally, amino acid replacements in the alkyl chain‐binding pocket generated an enzyme variant that lost its stereoselectivity towards rac‐2‐octyl sulfate. These findings are discussed in light of the potential use of this enzyme family for applications in biocatalysis.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structural factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession codes 2YHE (wild type, crystal form I), 4AV7 (double variant Ser233→Tyr/Ph250→Gly) and 4AXH (wild type, crystal form II)Structured digital abstract

Pisa1 and Pisa1 bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction)
Corynebacterium glutamicum Zur acts as a zinc‐sensing transcriptional repressor of both zinc‐inducible and zinc‐repressible genes involved in zinc homeostasis
Authors: Teramoto Haruhiko , Inui Masayuki , Yukawa Hideaki 
Published: October 2012

Zur is a zinc‐dependent transcriptional repressor of zinc uptake systems in bacteria. In the present study, we examined the role of Corynebacterium glutamicum Zur in the zinc‐inducible expression of two genes: one encoding a cation diffusion facilitator (zrf) and the other a metal‐translocating P‐type ATPase (zra). Both genes were shown to be involved in zinc resistance. Disruption of the zur gene encoding Zur resulted in constitutive expression of zrf and zra mRNAs. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the Zur protein binds to the zrf and zra promoters, for which the in vivo activities were up‐regulated in response to excess zinc. Interestingly, the in vitro DNA binding activity of Zur was inhibited by zinc, in contrast to its zinc‐dependent binding to the promoter region of a zinc‐repressible ABC transporter gene znuB2. A 21‐bp motif found in the Zur binding site overlaps the putative –35 region of both the zrf and zra promoters. This new motif is a 10‐1‐10 direct repeat sequence distinct from the 10‐1‐10 inverted repeat sequence of a previously identified Zur box for zinc‐dependent binding. Nevertheless, their 10‐bp elements share some sequence similarities. Overexpression of zur in the zur deletion mutant background, as well as deletion of zur in the zrf and zra double deletion mutant background, resulted in decreased resistance to zinc. These results suggest that the direct negative control of both zinc uptake and export systems by Zur is central to C. glutamicum zinc homeostasis and is effected in distinct ways.
Fish assemblages respond to altered flow regimes via ecological filtering of life history strategies
Authors: MIMS MERYL C. , OLDEN JULIAN D. 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. In riverine ecosystems, streamflow determines the physical template upon which the life history strategies of biota are forged. Human freshwater needs and activities have resulted in widespread alteration of the variability, predictability and timing of streamflow, and anticipating the biotic consequences of anthropogenic streamflow alteration is critical for successful environmental flow management. In this study, we examined relationships between dam characteristics, metrics of flow alteration and fish functional community composition according to life history strategies by coupling stream flow records and fish survey data in paired flow‐regulated and free‐flowing rivers across the conterminous United States.2. Dam operations have generally reduced flow variability and increased flow constancy based on a comparison of pre‐ and post‐dam flow records (respective mean record lengths 26.2 and 43.1 years). In agreement with ecological theory, fish assemblages downstream of dams were characterised by a lower proportion of opportunistic species (a strategy favoured in environmental settings dominated by unpredictable environmental change) and a higher proportion of equilibrium species (a strategy favoured in more stable, predictable environments) compared to free‐flowing, neighbouring locations.3. Multiple linear regression models provided modest support for links between alteration of specific flow attributes and differential life history representation below dams, and they provided strong support for life history associations with dam attributes (age and release type). We also found support for a relationship of both reduced flow variability and dam age with higher representation of non‐native species below dams.4. Our study demonstrated that river regulation by large dams has significant hydrological and biological consequences across the United States. We showed that on ecological time scales (i.e. the order of years to decades), dams are effectively changing the functional composition of communities that have established over millennia. Furthermore, the changes are directional and indicate a filtering by dams for some life histories (equilibrium strategists) and against other life histories (opportunists). Finally, our study highlights that dependence upon long‐term flow records and availability of biotic surveys extracted from national survey efforts limit our ability to guide environmental flow standards particularly in data‐poor regions.
Jagged‐1‐mediated activation of notch signalling induces adipogenesis of adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Ba K. , Yang X. , Wu L. , Wei X. , Fu N. , Fu Y. , Cai X. , Yao Y. , Ge Y. , Lin Y. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesNotch signalling plays an important role in many cell activities, involving proliferation, migration, differentiation and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of such signalling on adipogenesis of mouse adipose‐derived stem cells (mASCs).Materials and methodsJagged1 (50 and 100 ng/ml) was added to mASCs to activate Notch signalling, 2 days before adipogenic induction. At 5 and 7 days after induction, oil red‐O staining was performed to evaluate lipid accumulation. Then real‐time PCR was performed to examine expression of Notch downstream genes (Notch‐1, ‐2, Hes‐1 and Hey‐1) and adipogenic transcription factor (PPAR‐γ). Expressions of Hes‐1 and PPAR‐γ at protein level were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsOur data indicated that Jagged1 promoted adipogenic differentiation of mASCs. Moreover, Jagged1 also increased expression of Notch downstream genes and PPAR‐γ. Expressions of Hes‐1 and PPAR‐γ were found to be enhanced in Jagged1 pre‐treated mASCs when compared to controls.DiscussionThe results led to the conclusion that activation of Notch signalling had stimulated adipogenesis of mASCs in the presence of adipogenic medium by promoting expression of PPAR‐γ.
Who's Challenging Who? Changing attitudes towards those whose behaviour challenges
Authors: Hutchinson L. M. , Hastings R. P. , Hunt P. H. , Bowler C. L. , Banks M. E. , Totsika V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough staff attitudes towards individuals with intellectual disability (ID) whose behaviour challenges may be an important part of a positive support culture, very little research has focused on the development of training specifically designed to change staff attitudes. Positive contact is hypothesised to be an effective way to change attitudes towards stigmatised groups.MethodsWe designed and developed a half day training package about the experiences of individuals whose behaviour challenges – Who's Challenging Who (WCW). The WCW package was delivered according to a manual by a trainer with ID and a professional without disability. Seventy‐six staff from a variety of organisations participated in one of 10 WCW training sessions and provided data on their attitudes and empathy towards individuals whose behaviour challenges prior to the WCW training and immediately at the end of training. Staff also completed a post‐training evaluation questionnaire.ResultsA training package was successfully developed collaboratively with individuals whose behaviour challenges, and received very positive evaluations from staff participants. Short‐term positive change was shown for empowerment and similarity attitudes, and staff empathy and self‐efficacy. These outcomes were associated with small to moderate effect sizes.ConclusionsMeaningful short‐term positive staff attitude changes were found and the WCW training model was shown to be feasible. More robust research designs are needed for future evaluation. In addition, the function of an attitude change intervention such as WCW within organisations' training strategies requires further development.
The impact ofPrader–Willi syndrome on the family's quality of life and caregiving, and the unaffected siblings’ psychosocial adjustment
Authors: Mazaheri M. M. , Rae‐Seebach R. D. , Preston H. E. , Schmidt M. , Kountz‐Edwards S. , Field N. , Cassidy S. , Packman W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a complex multisystem genetic disorder, is characterised by developmental abnormalities leading to somatic and psychological symptoms. Symptoms ofPWSinclude infantile hypotonia and failure‐to‐thrive, followed by life‐long hyperphagia, developmental delays and moderate‐to‐severe behavioural problems and several physical problems that impact health. This study examined the effects of caring for a child diagnosed withPWSon the mothers and unaffected siblings. We assessed overall family functioning, the mothers’ psychological health, the psychosocial and behavioural functioning of siblings, and the quality of life of siblings.MethodsParticipants included 12 mothers and 13 siblings of a child with genetically confirmedPWS. Self‐report measures administered to the mothers evaluated overall family functioning (PedsQL–FamilyImpactModule), the mothers’ psychological health (BriefSymptomInventory), and the mothers’ perception of the sibling's quality of life (PedsQL–ParentProxy). Self‐report measures administered to the siblings evaluated their perceived quality of life (PedsQL) and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (UCLA PTSD Index).ResultsFamilies/mothers/siblings with children withPWSshowed poorer perceived quality of life compared with general inpatient and outpatient samples of children with complex health conditions. Families/mothers/siblings with children withPWSreported difficulties in family functioning, communication problems, and an increased number of conflicts. They appeared to be experiencing significant behavioural distress symptoms, with higher than average levels of depression and feelings of isolation, anger and worry. Ninety‐two per cent of the siblings indicated moderate‐to‐severe symptoms ofPTSD. Compared with normative populations, siblings demonstrated poorer quality of life, with mothers perceiving more significant deficits in the sibling.ConclusionThis study reaffirms thatPWSaffects the entire family system. Mothers and siblings would benefit from psychosocial support due to the multiple challenges of living with and caring for a child/young adult withPWS.
The human degree of care. Professional loving care for people with a mild intellectual disability: an explorative study
Authors: Hermsen M. A. , Embregts P. J. C. M. , Hendriks A. H. C. , Frielink N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that care staff are not always able to offer quality care. Commercialisation and market forces within the care sector are often pointed to as an explanation for this shortcoming. In the present study, insight is gained into the possible connections between the commercialisation of care, on the one hand, and the shrinkage of possibilities and motivation to offer professional loving care, on the other hand, from the perspective of care staff working with people with mild intellectual disabilities.MethodSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 28 care staff working with people with mild intellectual disabilities. Scientific research methods were combined with normative ethical reflection to examine the internal morals of the care staff.ResultsAccording to participating care staff, an affiliation with and recognition of the client form the basis for professional loving care. Care staff recognise that their profession is increasingly being built upon manageability and accountability, and this is making their jobs more difficult.ConclusionWe conclude that care staff perceive the precedence given to the smooth running of production processes over investment in direct contact with clients to be a real threat to the quality of care. Concerns about declining motivation and loss of work satisfaction as a result of the commercialisation of care are only partly acknowledged by care staff. While shrinkage of space for professional loving care is recognised, one can hardly speak of declining motivation.
Sleep patterns in children with ADHD: a population‐based cohort study from birth to 11 years
Authors: Scott Nicola , Blair Peter S. , Emond Alan M. , Fleming Peter J. , Humphreys Joanna S. , Henderson John , Gringras Paul 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAssociations between sleep duration and disturbance in infancy and early childhood and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses were investigated. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a population‐based prospective longitudinal birth‐cohort study of children born in 1991–1992 in South‐West England, were employed. Eight thousand, one hundred and ninety‐five children were assessed using the Development and Well‐Being Assessment. One hundred and seventy‐three cases (2.1%) met criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Parental report at eight time points showed children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder slept less than peers. Absolute differences were small and mainly restricted to night‐time sleep, with no strong evidence of differences from controls, except at 69 months [5 years 9 months; 12 min (95% CI: 5–19), P = 0.001], at 81 months [6 years 9 months; 15 min (95% CI: 8–22), P < 0.001] and at 115 months [9 years 7 months; 11 min (95% CI: 4–18), P = 0.001]. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group had more night‐waking at every age, significant from about 5 years. When tracking children's sleep along a normative centiles chart, a shift in sleep duration from one centile to a lower centile was a useful predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Age‐specific decreases of >1SD in sleep duration across adjacent time points was a significant predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at 3–5 years (P = 0.047). In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, shorter sleep duration and sleep disturbances appear early and predate the usual age of clinical diagnosis. The rate of change of sleep duration relative to an individual, rather than absolute sleep duration at any stage, may prove beneficial in identifying increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.