bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipyrithione induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in four cancer cell lines in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model
Authors: Fan Yumei , Liu Caizhi , Huang Yongmao , Zhang Jie , Cai Linlin , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Yongze , Duan Xianglin , Yin Zhimin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDipyrithione (PTS2) is widely used as a bactericide and fungicide. Here, we investigated whether PTS2 has broad-spectrum antitumor activity by studying its cytotoxicity and proapoptotic effects in four cancer cell lines.MethodsWe used MTT assays and trypan blue staining to test the viability of cancer cell lines. Hoechst 33258 and DAPI staining were used to observe cell apoptosis. Cell-cycle percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assayed using caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) combined with Western blotting. Student’st-test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsPTS2 inhibited proliferation in four cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Treated cells showed shrinkage, irregular fragments, condensed and dispersed blue fluorescent particles compared with control cells. PTS2 induced cycle-arrest and death. Cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP were detected in PTS2-treated cells. Antitumor activity of PTS2 was more effective against widely used cancer drugs and its precursor.ConclusionsPTS2 appears to have novel cytotoxicity and potent broad-spectrum antitumor activity, which suggests its potential as the basis of an anticancer drug.
Kinetics of circulating immunoglobulin M in sepsis: relationship with final outcome
Authors: Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J , Apostolidou Efterpi , Lada Malvina , Perdios Ioannis , Gatselis Nikolaos K , Tsangaris Iraklis , Georgitsi Marianna , Bristianou Magdalini , Kanni Theodora , Sereti Kalliopi , Kyprianou Miltiades A , Kotanidou Anastasia , Armaganidis Apostolos 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the different stages of sepsis.

Methods
In this prospective multicenter study, blood sampling for IgM measurement was done within the first 24 hours from diagnosis in 332 critically ill patients; in 83 patients this was repeated upon progression to more severe stages. Among these 83 patients, 30 patients with severe sepsis progressed into shock and IgM was monitored daily for seven consecutive days. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 55 patients and stimulated for IgM production.

Results
Serum IgM was decreased in septic shock compared to patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and patients with severe sepsis. Paired comparisons at distinct time points of the sepsis course showed that IgM was decreased only when patients deteriorated from severe sepsis to septic shock. Serial measurements in these patients, beginning from the early start of vasopressors, showed that the distribution of IgM over time was significantly greater for survivors than for non-survivors. Production of IgM by PBMCs was significantly lower at all stages of sepsis compared with healthy controls.

Conclusions
Specific changes of circulating IgM occur when patients with severe sepsis progress into septic shock. The distribution of IgM is lower among non-survivors.
Quality of blood culture testing - a survey in intensive care units and microbiological laboratories across four European countries
Authors: Schmitz Roland PH , Keller Peter M , Baier Michael , Hagel Stefan , Pletz Mathias W , Brunkhorst Frank M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Blood culture (BC) testing before initiation of antimicrobial therapy is recommended as a standard of care in international sepsis guidelines and has been shown to reduce intensive care unit (ICU) stay, antibiotic use, and costs in hospitalized patients. Whereas microbiological laboratory practice has been highly standardized, shortfalls in the preanalytic procedures in the ICU (that is indication, time-to-incubation, blood volume and numbers of BC sets) have a significant effect on the diagnostic yield. The objective of this study was to gain insights into current practices regarding BC testing in intensive care units.

Methods
Qualitative survey, data collection by 138 semi-structured telephone interviews in four European countries (Italy, UK, France and Germany) between September and November 2009 in 79 clinical microbiology laboratories (LABs) and 59 ICUs.

Results
Whereas BC testing is expected to remain the gold standard for sepsis diagnostics in all countries, there are substantial differences regarding preanalytic procedures. The decision to launch BC testing is carried out by physicians vs. ICU nurses in the UK in 92 vs. 8%, in France in 75 vs. 25%, in Italy in 88 vs. 12% and in Germany in 92 vs. 8%. Physicians vs. nurses collect BCs in the UK in 77 vs. 23%, in France in 0 vs. 100%, in Italy in 6 vs. 94% and in Germany in 54 vs. 46%. The mean time from blood collection to incubation in the UK is 2 h, in France 3 h, in Italy 4 h, but 20 h in German remote LABs (2 h in in-house LABs), due to the large number of remote nonresident microbiological laboratories in Germany. There were major differences between the perception of the quality of BC testing between ICUs and LABs. Among German ICU respondents, 62% reported that they have no problems with BC testing, 15% reported time constraints, 15% cost pressure, and only 8% too long time to incubation. However, the corresponding LABs of these German ICUs reported too many false positive results due to preanalytical contaminations (49%), insufficient numbers of incoming BC sets (47%), long transportation time (41%) or cost pressure (18%).

Conclusions
There are considerable differences in the quality of BC testing across European countries. In Germany, time to incubation is a considerable problem due to the increasing number of remote LABs. This is a major issue of concern to physicians aiming to implement sepsis guidelines in the ICUs.
Gene amplification: mechanisms and involvement in cancer
Authors: Matsui Atsuka , Ihara Tatsuya , Suda Hiraku , Mikami Hirofumi , Semba Kentaro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGene amplification was recognized as a physiological process during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Intriguingly, mammalian cells use this mechanism to overexpress particular genes for survival under stress, such as during exposure to cytotoxic drugs. One well-known example is the amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene observed in methotrexate-resistant cells. Four models have been proposed for the generation of amplifications: extrareplication and recombination, the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, double rolling-circle replication, and replication fork stalling and template switching. Gene amplification is a typical genetic alteration in cancer, and historically many oncogenes have been identified in the amplified regions. In this regard, novel cancer-associated genes may remain to be identified in the amplified regions. Recent comprehensive approaches have further revealed that co-amplified genes also contribute to tumorigenesis in concert with known oncogenes in the same amplicons. Considering that cancer develops through the alteration of multiple genes, gene amplification is an effective acceleration machinery to promote tumorigenesis. Identification of cancer-associated genes could provide novel and effective therapeutic targets.
An experimental investigation on PZT behavior under mechanical and cycling loading
Authors: Abramovich Haim , Tsikchotsky Eugeny , Klein Gregory 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe drive to produce electrical energy by directly compressing piezoceramic material using mechanical stress stands behind the present test series. To be able to correctly choose the right material, PZT disks manufactured by three different manufacturers have been tested under static mechanical compressive and cyclic loads. It was shown that although the disks can withstand high mechanical stresses (up to 100 MPa) without any visible damage, their transduction is confined to much lower stresses (50–75 MPa), a range in which the electrical output is a function of the square of the applied stress. This range is further reduced, when the PZT is subjected to cyclic mechanical loading, yielding an applicable mechanical stress in the range of 30–40 MPa, from which electrical power can be produced without further deterioration. To compensate for the low electric power, due to relatively low mechanical stresses applied on the PZT disks, one can increase the volume of the material used by placing layers of piezoelectric material one on top of the other, each subjected to the same mechanical stress. This will yield the required electric power from a safe given mechanical stress without reduction in its output.
Radiotelegraphy to Broadcasting
Authors: Castro J. Justin 
Published: October 2013

This essay explores the development of wireless communications from radiotelegraphy to broadcasting. An under analyzed and important topic, Porfirian and revolutionary wireless officials and policies laid the foundation for Mexico’s powerful broadcasting and telecommunications industries. From the beginning, communications specialists used radio for state and nation building, especially in the hinterlands. The Revolution briefly shifted the focus of wireless experts away from the frontiers and toward warfare; however, the upheaval actually expanded the number of wireless devices and technicians. These professionals subsequently became essential figures in communications projects carried out during the presidencies of Venustiano Carranza and Álvaro Obregón, as well as during the rise of broadcasting in the 1920s.
El presente ensayo analiza el desarrollo de las radiocomunicaciones, desde la radiotelegrafía hasta la radiodifusión. El tema ha sido poco analizado, pero es importante: los oficiales y las políticas de radiocomunicación porfiristas y revolucionarios sentaron las bases de las poderosas industrias de la radio y la telecomunicación en México. Desde un principio, especialistas en comunicaciones utilizaron la radio para la construcción del estado y la nación, especialmente en las fronteras del país. La revolución desplazó brevemente la atención de los expertos lejos de las fronteras y hacia la guerra; sin embargo, el levantamiento no hizo sino aumentar el número de aparatos y técnicos de radiocomunicación. Más adelante, estos profesionales se convertirían en figuras esenciales en proyectos de comunicación emprendidos durante las presidencias de Venustiano Carranza y Álvaro Obregón, así como durante el florecimiento de la radiodifusión en la década de 1920.
Association Between Periodontitis Needing Surgical Treatment and Subsequent Diabetes Risk: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Shih‐Yi , Lin Cheng‐Li , Liu Jiung‐Hsiun , Wang I‐Kuan , Hsu Wu‐Huei , Chen Chao‐Jung , Ting I‐Wen , Wu I‐Ting , Sung Fung‐Chang , Huang Chiu‐Ching , Chang Yen‐Jung 
Published: October 2013

Background: It is well known that patients with diabetes have higher extent and severity of periodontitis, but the backward relationship is little investigated. The relationship between periodontitis needing dental surgery and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) in those individuals without diabetes was assessed.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the national health insurance system of Taiwan. The periodontitis cohort involved 22,299 patients, excluding those with diabetes already or those diagnosed with diabetes within 1 year from baseline. Each study participant was randomly frequency matched by age, sex, and index year with one individual from the general population without periodontitis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of periodontitis on the risk of diabetes.Results: The mean follow‐up period is 5.47 ± 3.54 years. Overall, the subsequent incidence of DMT2 was 1.24‐fold higher in the periodontitis cohort than in the control cohort, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 1.29) after controlling for sex, age, and comorbidities.Conclusions: This is the largest nation‐based study examining the risk of diabetes in Asian patients with periodontitis. Those patients with periodontitis needing dental surgery have increased risk of future diabetes within 2 years compared with those participants with periodontitis not requiring dental surgery.
Content and Mobility of Strontium in Forest Soils According to North-South Transect in Poland
Authors: Jeske Agnieszka , Gworek Barbara 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The investigation was carried out on forest soils collected from areas subject to variable pollution. The fraction of strontium was analyzed in soil samples from north-eastern Poland (Borki forest division), treated as a non-polluted region (natural background) and in soil samples from central (Rogów forest division) and south-western Poland (Świerklaniec forest division). The sequential extraction procedure was applied in this study to separate the fractions of strontium. Five fractions were analyzed in every genetic horizon according to the Tessier method. The concentration of strontium was also analyzed in the plants. Both results were compared in order to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of the trace elements in the environment. The content, distribution and bioavailability of the strontium fractions were investigated with particular emphasis on the contaminated study sites. Total content of strontium in surface horizons depended on the localization. Among analysed fractions strontium, in organic soil horizons, regardless of localization, occurred predominantly in mobile fractions in all examined soils.
Genetic Basis of Mastitis Resistance in Dairy Cattle – A Review / Podstawy Genetyczne Odporności Krów Mlecznych Na Zapalenie Wymienia – Artykuł Przeglądowy
Authors: Sender Grażyna , Korwin-Kossakowska Agnieszka , Pawlik Adrianna , Hameed Karima Galal Abdel , Oprządek Jolanta 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Mastitis is one of the most important mammary gland diseases impacting lactating animals. Resistance to this disease could be improved by breeding. There are several selection methods for mastitis resistance. To improve the natural genetic resistance of cows in succeeding generations, current breeding programmes use somatic cell count and clinical mastitis cases as resistance traits. However, these methods of selection have met with limited success. This is partly due to the complex nature of the disease. The limited progress in improving udder health by conventional selection procedures requires applying information on molecular markers of mastitis susceptibility in marker-assisted selection schemes. Mastitis is under polygenic control, so there are many genes that control this trait in many loci. This review briefly describes genome-wide association studies which have been carried out to identify quantitative trait loci associated with mastitis resistance in dairy cattle worldwide. It also characterizes the candidate gene approach focus on identifying genes that are strong candidates for the mastitis resistance trait. In the conclusion of the paper we focus our attention on future research which should be conducted in the field of the resistance to mastitis.
Epigenetic Basis of Molecular Changes in Animal Cells with Particular Regard to Embryonic Development – A Review / Epigenetyczne Podstawy Przemian Molekularnych Zachodzących W Komórkach Zwierzęcych, Ze Szczególnym Uwzględnieniem Rozwoju Embrionalnego – Artykuł Przeglądowy
Authors: Romanek Joanna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression independently of DNA sequence. Epigenetic control of gene transcription is based on two main processes. The first is reversible DNA methylation, primarily of cytosine at position C5, rarely in position N3, or of adenine at position C6 (Xu et al., 2010). The second process is the change in chromatin structure and function by chemical modification of histones, including mainly methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone amino acids (Zamudio et al., 2008). During development and differentiation of cells, changes occur in DNA methylation of genes. After fertilization there are dynamic histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation in zygotes. Use of methylation sensitive restriction enzymes causes a global demethylation in the early embryonic stage (Sulewska et al., 2007 b). De novo methylation of CpG sites is followed by embryo implantation. Next, during gastrulation most genes are methylated except the tissue-specific genes. The last wave of de novo methylation takes place during the gametogenesis and is dependent on sex (Sulewska et al., 2007 b). The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge about epigenetic mechanism of molecular changes in animal cells with particular regard to embryonic development.
Study on Sztumski Mares Enrolled in the Genetic Resources Conservation Programme in 2008 / Badania Nad Klaczami Sztumskimi Przyjętymi Do Programu Ochrony Zasobów Genetycznych W Roku 2008
Authors: Gołębiewska Katarzyna , Martyniuk Elżbieta , Polak Grażyna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The aim of this study was to conduct genetic analysis of 219 cold-blooded Sztumski mares, which were enrolled in the genetic resources conservation programme in 2008. The inbreeding level in the mares, their average genetic relationship with the population, and the average coefficient of kinship were analysed, as well as the number and origin of common ancestors (founders of the population) were determined. The age structure and coat colour in the mares, as well as the size and geographical distribution of the herds were also determined. Over 97% of the mares enrolled in the conservation programme were inbred. The average inbreeding coefficient was 1.93% and ranged from 0% to 32.6%; the average relationship coefficient (2.38%) for the population was the highest in the group of mares aged 9 to 11 years (2.63%); the average kinship within the population was 2.89% and ranged from 5 to 5.99% in the case of five mares. The mares descended from 785 founders, including 561 mares (mainly cold-blooded Sztumski and Sokólski breeds) and 224 stallions (mainly Ardennes and Belgian breeds). Distribution of the herds does not fully reflect the historic region from which the breed originated, while the population itself is scattered and kept in many herds, most of which have 2 (occasionally up to 6) mares.
Developmental Competence of CMV-Fut Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Pig Embryos Cultured in Vitro / Potencjał Rozwojowy CMV-Fut Transgenicznych I Nietransgenicznych Zarodków Świni Hodowanych In Vitro
Authors: Jura Jacek , Smorąg Zdzisław , Gajda Barbara , Lipiński Daniel , Słomski Ryszard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Possible influence of a transgene on life functions of embryos makes it reasonable to confirm or deny it for a particular gene construct. In vitro development of an embryo is a widely used criterion of its competence. The aim of the study was to compare in vitro developmental capacity of transgenic and non-transgenic pig embryos. The results showed a statistically significant difference in in vitro developmental capacity of embryos obtained from transgenic and non-transgenic pigs. Developmental competence of embryos (morula and blastocyst stage) produced from zygotes obtained from transgenic sows decreased compared to that obtained from non-transgenic sows.
Relationships Between Chemical Composition of Colostrum and Milk and Rearing Performance of Piglets During a 21-Day Lactation / Zależności Pomiędzy Składem Chemicznym Siary I Mleka A Wynikami Odchowu Prosiąt W Czasie 21-Dniowej Laktacji
Authors: Szyndler-Nędza Magdalena , Różycki Marian , Eckert Robert , Mucha Aurelia , Koska Mirosław , Szulc Tadeusz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Normal development of piglets is determined principally by the milking ability of the sows. This study attempted to determine the relationships between sow’s milk quality and rearing performance of the piglets. The experiment was carried out under uniform conditions, with standard feeding of the sows and a similar number of piglets per litter. The study accounted for 109 lactations of second- and third-parity Polish Large White (PLW ) sows and 123 lactations of second- and third-parity Polish Landrace (PL) sows. Colostrum and milk were collected from the sows at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of lactation and analysed for solids, crude protein, fat, lactose and somatic cell count (SCC). Rearing performance of second- and third-litter piglets was determined based on the number and weight of piglets at birth and at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. The coefficients of correlation, estimated between basic composition of milk and rearing performance of the piglets over subsequent weeks of lactation were low and exceeded r = 0.200 only for some traits. The experiment showed that a higher content of basic milk components, in particular protein, may be one of the factors contributing to an increase in weight gain of piglets during a 21-day lactation. Milk fat content may be of significance for rearing performance of piglets only during their first week of life. Rearing performance of the piglets is unrelated to udder health expressed as milk SCC.
Extra Light During Pregnancy Improves Reproductive Performance of Mink (Neovison Vison) / Dodatkowe Światło W Okresie Ciąży Poprawia Wskaźniki Użytkowości Rozrodczej U Norki (Neovison Vison)
Authors: Felska-Błaszczyk Lidia , Seremak Beata , Lasota Bogdan , Klecha Agata 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of artificially extended daylight applied during pregnancy on reproductive performance in farmed mink. The material consisted of 536 female Black (or “short NAP”) mink aged 2 years. To analyse the reproductive performance, we selected females mated twice during the period 13 to 17 March. Energy-saving bulbs of 11 watts each (equivalent to traditional 60-watt bulbs) were placed above the cages of the females. The experiment involved two groups of females: the control group (n = 258) were females kept under natural daylight throughout pregnancy; the females of the treatment group (n = 278) were additionally subjected to extended photoperiod - up to 16 hours of light per day, applied from 20 March to 15 April. Selected reproduction indicators were analysed among the groups. The extended daylight applied during pregnancy of mink positively influenced many of the analysed indices. The duration of diapause and related total length of gestation decreased, the litter size - both at birth and at weaning - significantly increased. Pre-weaning mortality of young and the proportion of nonbreeding females slightly decreased as a result of the treatment, which from the practical point of view might be seen as a beneficial effect; however, these parameters are shaped by other factors than photoperiod. The whelping season was both commenced and completed earlier among females subjected to extra light during pregnancy, which improved the organization of work on the farm. Artificial illumination of pregnant mink in Poland’s climate can be applied with great success and introducing this treatment to the mink breeding technology on a permanent basis should be seriously considered.