bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakdown of Stokes–Einstein relation in the supercooled liquid state of phase change materials
Authors: Sosso G. C. , Behler J. , Bernasconi M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe application of amorphous chalcogenide alloys as data‐storage media relies on their ability to undergo an extremely fast (10–100 ns) crystallization once heated at sufficiently high temperature. However, the peculiar features that make these materials so attractive for memory devices still lack a comprehensive microscopic understanding. By means of large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the supercooled liquid of the prototypical compound GeTe shows a very high atomic mobility (D ∼10−6 cm2 s−1) down to temperatures close to the glass transition temperatures. This behavior leads to a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation between the self‐diffusion coefficient and the viscosity in the supercooled liquid. The results suggest that the fragility of the supercooled liquid is the key to understand the fast crystallization process in this class of materials.
Characterization of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin film alloys using conductive‐tip atomic force microscopy
Authors: Chang Chia Min , Liu Yen Ju , Tseng Ming Lun , Chu Nien‐Nan , Huang Ding‐Wei , Mansuripur Masud , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractConductive‐tip atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating the electrical characteristics of phase‐change materials commonly used for electronic and optical data storage. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by examining the electrical conductivity of crystalline marks recorded with a focused laser pulse on a thin Ge2Sb2Te5 film.
Identifying Martian atmospheric instabilities and their physical origins using bred vectors
Authors: Greybush Steven J. , Kalnay Eugenia , Hoffman Matthew J. , Wilson R. John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe bred vector (BV) technique applied to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM) identifies regions and seasons of instability of the Martian atmosphere, and a kinetic energy equation applied to the control and perturbed states elucidates their physical origins. Instabilities prominent in the late autumn to early spring seasons of each hemisphere along the polar temperature front result from baroclinic conversions from BV potential to BV kinetic energy near the surface, whereas both baroclinic and barotropic conversions play a role for the westerly jets aloft. The low‐level tropics and the northern hemisphere summer are relatively stable, with negative bred vector growth rates. Bred vector growth precedes initiation of travelling wave activity in the midlatitudes during the transition seasons, and their structure relates to the eddy field. Topography plays a role in determining favoured locations for near‐surface instabilities. Bred vectors are also linked to forecast ensemble spread in data assimilation and help explain the growth of forecast errors. We finally note that the ability to use breeding to identify instabilities as well as their physical origin depends on the fact that both the control and the perturbed solutions that give rise to bred vectors satisfy exactly the model's governing equations. As a result, this approach can be used with any dynamical system represented by a model. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Neonatal intensive care unit‐specific screening criteria for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Lai Yu‐Hung , Tseng Hsing‐I. , Yang San‐Nan , Hsu Hsin‐Tien , Chen Hsiu‐Lin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its risk factors in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan to evaluate the applicability of the ROP screening guidelines published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus in 2006 (2006 guidelines). A pediatric ophthalmologist applied the 2006 guidelines to screen for ROP and to treat with laser photocoagulation in each case. We retrieved all records of premature infants referred for ROP screening at the hospital during 2004 to 2008. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied firstly to identify factors correlating with stage 3 ROP or with laser treatment, and then those significant (p < 0.05) risk factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. In the 138 male and 118 female premature infants in this study, mean gestation age was 30.8 ± 2.8 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1464.7 ± 434.2 g. The percentage of infants with ROP in at least one eye was 38.7%. Thirty two (12.5%) had ROP stage 3 or higher in at least one eye. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictors of type 1 pre‐threshold ROP (requiring laser treatment) were young gestational age, low birth weight and male gender. As medical care of extremely premature infants improves, timely identification and treatment of conditions such as ROP are essential. Although the incidence of ROP in this institute was comparable to that in developing countries and higher than that in developed countries, the 2006 guidelines originally developed for a United States population were still applicable. However, the 2006 guidelines should be modified for a Taiwan population by considering gender.
A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Complete Decongestive Therapy in the Treatment of Lymphedema From 2004 to 2011
Authors: Lasinski Bonnie B. , Thrift Kathryn McKillip , Squire DeCourcy , Austin Melanie K. , Smith Kandis M. , Wanchai Ausanee , Green Jason M. , Stewart Bob R. , Cormier Janice N. , Armer Jane M. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo critically analyze the contemporary published research that pertains to the individual components of complete decongestive therapy (CDT), as well as CDT as a bundled intervention in the treatment of lymphedema.Data SourcesPublications were retrieved from 11 major medical indices for articles published from 2004‐2010 by using search terms for lymphedema and management approaches. Literature archives of the authors and reference lists were examined through 2011.Study SelectionA research librarian assisted with initial literature searches by using search terms used in the Best Practice for the Management of Lymphoedema, plus expanded terms, for literature related to lymphedema. Authors sorted relevant literature for inclusion and exclusion; included articles were sorted into topical areas for data extraction and assessment of level of evidence by using a published grading system and consensus process. The authors reviewed 99 articles, of which 26 met inclusion criteria for individual studies and 1 case study did not meet strict inclusion criteria. In addition, 14 review articles and 2 consensus articles were reviewed.Data ExtractionInformation on study design and/or objectives, participants, outcomes, intervention, results, and study strengths and weaknesses was extracted from each article. Study evidence was categorized according to the Oncology Nursing Society Putting Evidence into Practice level of evidence guidelines after achieving consensus among authors.Data SynthesisLevels of evidence were only moderately strong, because there were few randomized controlled trials with control groups, well‐controlled interventions, and precise measurements of volume, mobility and/or function, and quality of life. Treatment interventions were often bundled, which makes it difficult to determine the contribution of each individual component of treatment to the outcomes achieved.ConclusionsCDT is seen to be effective in reducing lymphedema. This review focuses on original research about CDT as a bundled intervention and 2 individual components, manual lymph drainage and compression bandages. Additional studies are needed to determine the value and efficacy of the other individual components of CDT.
Policy-making in an era of agencification: An exploration of task divisions between politicians, core departments and public agencies
Authors: Verschuere Bram , Vancoppenolle Diederik 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In many Western countries, alongside NPM-rhetoric, important tasks of public service delivery have been devolved to autonomous single purpose agencies. This was also the case in Flanders (Belgium). This reform rhetoric also has a clear vision on how tasks in the policy cycle are to be distributed between actors: policy-making is a political prerogative, supported by core governmental departments, whereas executive agencies have policy implementation as their main task. This article addresses whether this ideal-typical model really exists, drawing on two case studies of policy initiatives in Flanders. Our observations confirm a policy-operations divide between politics and administration, but it needs refinement: ministers and their advisors make the strategic policy decisions, in which they are assisted by executive agencies. Ministerial departments are hardly involved in the policy-making process. Executive agencies are more than policy implementers alone, as they often have a large input in the operational stages of policy-making.
Do etiological influences on aggression overlap with those on rule breaking? A meta-analysis
Authors: Burt S. A. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundAlthough aggressive (AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (RB) dimensions of antisocial behavior have been shown to be differentially heritable, available studies have disagreed on the extent to which the genetic and environmental factors influencing AGG also influence RB. The current meta-analysis sought to clarify the extent of etiological overlap between AGG and RB.MethodThirteen twin/sibling studies examining the covariation between AGG and RB were collected, of which 11 (with 12 independent samples) were ultimately included in the analyses (n=12923 twin/sibling pairs). Genetic and environmental correlations between AGG and RB served as study effect sizes. When squared, these correlations directly index the proportion of genetic and environmental overlap. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models.ResultsAnalyses revealed that genetic influences on AGG were largely, but not entirely, distinct from those on RB: only 38.4% of the genetic influences on AGG overlapped with those on RB. Similarly, only 10.2% of the non-shared environmental influences on AGG overlapped with those on RB. Although the conclusion that etiological influences on AGG are partially distinct from those on RB persisted across several potential moderators, the age of the sample and the informant used were found to moderate the extent of overlap.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the presence of meaningful etiological distinctions between AGG and RB, and imply that future conceptualizations of antisocial behavior should be organized (at least in part) around the dimensions of AGG and RB.
Older Adults Living with Osteoarthritis: Examining the Relationship of Age and Gender to Medicine Use
Authors: Fisher Judith E. , Ballantyne Peri J. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: August 2012

RÉSUMÉL’ostéoarthrite (OA) chez les personnes âgées constitue une condition chronique et répandue associée à des douleurs importantes d’invalidité. L’utilisation d’analgésiques par voie orale est un élément central de la gestion des symptômes. L’utilisation de médicaments par cette population, cependant, est complexe et la nécessité de contrôler les symptômes doivent être mis en balance avec les préoccupations concernant la sécurité des médicaments. Notre étude s’est concentrée à illustrer et à explorer les variations entre divers médicaments différents utilisés pour gérer les symptômes liés à l’ostéoarthrite. Nous avons analysé les données provenant d’un échantillon de personnes âgées de 55 ans et plus, qui vivent dans les communautés, et qui souffrent d’arthrite de la hanche ou du genou pour examiner les facteurs sociaux et médicaux associés à la variation dans les médicaments rapporté. Une conclusion principale est que les types de médicaments utilisés par les patients atteints d’ostéoarthrite varient selon l’âge et le sexe, indépendamment de la maladie et du contexte médical et social. Les explications possibles ont été considérés comme relatives aux préférences des patients et des professionnels.
Modelling in-season pulses of recruitment and hyperstability-hyperdepletion in the Loligo gahi fishery around the Falkland Islands with generalized depletion models
Authors: Roa-Ureta Rubén H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRoa-Ureta, R. H. 2012. Modelling in-season pulses of recruitment and hyperstability-hyperdepletion in the Loligo gahi fishery around the Falkland Islands with generalized depletion models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: .The time-series of daily catch, fishing effort, and mean body mass of the summer fishing seasons of the squid, Loligo gahi, in the Falkland Islands from 1990 to 2009 are investigated with generalizations of depletion models that account for in-season pulses of recruitment (i.e. open populations) and non-linear relationships between catch as the response variable, and effort and abundance as the predictor variables. Two main results were found. First, stock dynamics are more complex than assumed by Leslie–Davis or De Lury depletion models, because in most years, there are several major in-season recruitment pulses, sometimes even larger than the pre-season pulse, contradicting the basic assumption of a decline in catch rates over the fishing season. Second, the fishery operates under a regime of hyperstability—catch rates decline slower than abundance—at low stock abundance and hyperdepletion—catch rates decline faster than abundance—at intermediate and high stock abundance. The hyperdepleted regime is far more prevalent, a result attributed to the availability of refuges from fishing operations, which may lower the abundance threshold to pass from the low-abundance hyperstable regime to the higher-abundance hyperdepleted regime.
Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea
Authors: Nash Richard D. M. , Wright Peter J. , Matejusova Iveta , Dimitrov Stefan Petev , O'Sullivan Martha , Augley Julian , Höffle Hannes 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Nash, R. D. M., Wright, P. J., Matejusova, I., Dimitrov, S. P., O'Sullivan, M., Augley, J., and Höffle, H. 2012. Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The northern region of the North Sea (56–62°N) was sampled in February/March 2009 for eggs and in May 2010 for larvae. To aid in the identification of Norway pout stage I eggs and distinguish them from other ‘cod-like’ eggs, a Taq-Man probe was designed for this species and used here. Stage I Norway pout egg diameters collected from the field were in the range 1.03–1.28 mm and largely overlapped with the size range determined for whiting (Merlangius merlangus). The distribution of Norway pout stage I eggs in 2009 revealed the distribution of spawning in the North Sea and showed that it was similar to the distribution of 2 + Norway pout taken during the International Bottom Trawl Surveys (IBTS) over the same period covering the whole North Sea. The larvae sampled in 2010 were largely in the same area; however, larger larvae occurred to the south-east of the survey area, suggesting advection of young stages from the principal spawning areas in the north-western North Sea to the south-east and toward the Skagerrak.
Assessing the sensitivity of seabird populations to adverse effects from tidal stream turbines and wave energy devices
Authors: Furness Robert W. , Wade Helen M. , Robbins Alexandra M. C. , Masden Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFurness, R. W., Wade, H. M., Robbins, A. M. C., and Masden, E. A. 2012. Assessing the sensitivity of seabird populations to adverse effects from tidal stream turbines and wave energy devices. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Tidal turbines and wave energy devices may affect seabird populations through collision mortality, disturbance and habitat loss. Given the pressures to harness tidal and wave energy, especially in Scottish waters, there is an urgent need to assess population-level impacts on seabird species. With a lack of deployed devices to monitor in areas of importance for seabirds, our approach uses data from scientific literature on seabird ecology and conservation importance likely to influence population vulnerability to “wet renewables” in Scottish waters. At this stage however, we can only infer likely interactions with tidal and wave devices. We identify black guillemot, razorbill, European shag, common guillemot, great cormorant, divers and Atlantic puffin as the species most vulnerable to adverse effects from tidal turbines in Scottish waters. We identify divers as the species most vulnerable to adverse effects from wave energy devices in Scottish waters. Wave energy devices seem likely to represent a lesser hazard to seabirds than tidal turbines, and both forms of energy capture seem likely to represent a lower hazard to seabirds than offshore wind farms (wind-power plants). The indices developed here for Scottish seabird populations could be applied to populations elsewhere. This approach will help in identifying likely impacts of tidal and wave energy deployments on seabirds, and in optimizing deployment of resources for compulsory environmental monitoring.
Antitumor effect of new multiple antigen peptide based on HLA‐A0201‐restricted CTL epitopes of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
Authors: Liao Zhong‐Li , Tang Xu‐Dong , Lü Mu‐Han , Wu Yu‐Yun , Cao Ya‐Ling , Fang Dian‐Chun , Yang Shi‐Ming , Guo Hong 
Published: August 2012

The development of peptide vaccines aimed at enhancing immune responses against tumor cells is becoming a promising area of research. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an ideal universal target for novel immunotherapies against cancers. The aim of this work was to verify whether the multiple antigen peptides (MAP) based on HLA‐A0201‐restricted CTL epitopes of hTERT could trigger a better and more sustained CTL response and kill multiple types of hTERT‐positive tumor cells in vitro and ex vivo. Dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with MAP based on HLA‐A0201‐restricted CTL epitopes of hTERT (hTERT‐540, hTERT‐865 and hTERT‐572Y) were used to evaluate immune responses against various tumors and were compared to the immune responses resulting from the use of corresponding linear epitopes and a recombinant adenovirus‐hTERT vector. A 4‐h standard 51Cr‐release assay and an ELISPOT assay were used for both in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Results demonstrated that targeting hTERT with an adenovector was the most effective way to stimulate a CD8+ T cell response. When compared with linear hTERT epitopes, MAP could trigger stronger hTERT‐specific CTL responses against tumor cells expressing hTERT and HLA‐A0201. In contrast, the activated CTL could neither kill the hTERT‐negative tumor cells, such as U2OS cells, nor kill HLA‐A0201 negative cells, such as HepG2 cells. We also found that these peptide‐specific CTL could not kill autologous lymphocytes and DC with low telomerase activity. Our results indicate that MAP from hTERT can be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
Teaching spiritual care – a grounded theory study among undergraduate nursing educators
Authors: Cone Pamela H , Giske Tove 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore teachers’ understanding of spirituality and how they prepare undergraduate nursing students to recognise spiritual cues and learn to assess and provide spiritual care.Background.  Nursing education addresses patient care in all domains of the person. Systematic teaching and supervision of students to prepare them to assist patients spiritually is an important part of holistic care. However, few role models for spiritual care are seen in clinical practice, and limited research addresses necessary student competencies or how teachers can best facilitate this process.Design.  Grounded theory was used to identify teachers’ main concern and develop a substantive grounded theory.Methods.  Data collected during semi‐structured interviews at three Norwegian University Colleges in five focus groups with 19 undergraduate nursing teachers were conducted from 2008 to 2009. Data were analysed through constant comparison of transcribed interviews until categories emerged and were saturated.Results.  The participants’ main concern was ‘How to help students recognize cues and ways of providing spiritual care’. Participants resolved this by ‘Journeying with Students through their Maturation’. This basic social process has three iterative phases that develop throughout the nursing programme: ‘Raising Student awareness to Recognize the Essence of Spirituality’, ‘Assisting Students to Overcome Personal Barriers’, and ‘Mentoring Students’ Competency in Spiritual Care’.Conclusion.  Nursing education should prepare students to recognise and act on spiritual cues. Making spiritual assessment and interventions more visible and explicit throughout nursing programmes, in both classroom and clinical settings, will facilitate student maturation as they learn to integrate theoretical thinking into clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nursing students need role models who demonstrate spiritual care in the fast‐paced hospital environment as well as in other clinical practice settings. To model spirituality as part of nursing care can assist students to overcome their vulnerability and to safeguard ethical issues and promote patient integrity.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with thalassaemia
Authors: Efe Emine , Işler Ayşegül , Sarvan Süreyya , Başer Hayriye , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  The aims of this study were to: (1) determine the types of complementary and alternative medicine use among children with thalassaemia as reported by parents and (2) describe sociodemographic and medical factors associated with the use of such treatments in families residing in southern Turkey.Background.  Thalassaemia is one of the most common human genetic diseases. Despite the therapeutic efforts, patients will encounter a variety of physical and psychological problems. Therefore, the use of complementary and alternative medicines among children thalassaemia is becoming increasingly popular.Design.  This is a descriptive study of complementary and alternative medicine.Methods.  This study was conducted in the Hematology Outpatient Clinic at Akdeniz University Hospital and in the Thalassemia Centre at Ministry of Health Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, between January 2010–December 2010. Parents of 97 paediatric patients, among 125 parents who applied to the haematology outpatient clinic and thalassaemia centre between these dates, agreed to take part in the study with whom contact could be made were included. Data were collected by using a questionnaire.Results.  The proportion of parents who reported using one or more of the complementary and alternative medicine methods was 82·5%. Of these parents, 61·8% were using prayer/spiritual practice, 47·4% were using nutritional supplements and 35·1% were using animal materials.Conclusion.  It was determined that a significant portion of the parents using complementary and alternative medicine use it to treat their children’s health problems, they were informed about complementary and alternative medicine by their paediatricians and family elders, and they have discussed the use of complementary and alternative medicine with healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practice.  To sustain medical treatment and prognosis of thalassaemia, it is important for nurses to consult with their patients and parents regarding the use and potential risks of some complementary and alternative medicine.