bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial impact of a mix of dairy fat with rapeseed oil on n‐6 and n‐3 PUFA metabolism in the rat: A small enrichment in dietary alpha‐linolenic acid greatly increases its conversion to DHA in the liver
Authors: Ezanno Hélène , Beauchamp Erwan , Catheline Daniel , Legrand Philippe , Rioux Vincent 
Published: October 2014

The impact of the amount of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA) on its own tissue accumulation and conversion to longer n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remains controversial and may depend on the other dietary fatty acids mixed with ALA. Whereas linoleic acid (LA) is well known to compete with ALA for its conversion to longer n‐3 PUFAs, the concomitant presence of dietary ALA with dairy saturated fatty acids (C4:0–C14:0) that are highly susceptible to β‐oxidation may inversely lead to its increased cellular storage and better conversion to long‐chain n‐3 PUFAs. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating further the putative beneficial effect of dietary dairy fat on n‐3 PUFA tissue levels in the rat. Firstly, we showed that when combined with a well‐defined dietary level of ALA (0.6% energy), substitution of olive oil for butterfat improved ALA storage in adipose tissue and liver, and had moderate effects on its conversion to n‐3 long‐chain PUFAs. Secondly, we showed that, when mixed with dairy fat, a small increase in dietary ALA (from 0.6 to 0.8% of energy) enhanced the ALA storage in adipose tissue only but conversely significantly increased its conversion to highly unsaturated n‐3 PUFAs in the liver.Practical applications: α‐linolenic acid (ALA) is the most accessible source of n‐3 PUFAs in the global diet. However, the intake of ALA is currently lower than dietary guidelines and the rate of ALA conversion to longer chain n‐3 PUFAs is low. The results from this study showed that a small enrichment in dietary ALA combined with dairy fat increased adipose tissue ALA storage, which represents a slow releasable pool that may be utilized over time by other tissues and greatly increased the conversion of ALA to highly unsaturated n‐3 PUFAs in the liver. This knowledge may possibly result in the development of new dietary strategies to increase the cellular level of n‐3 PUFAs in animals and humans.When mixed with dairy fat, a small increase in dietary α‐linolenic acid (from 0.6 to 0.8% of energy) enhances the α‐linolenic acid storage in adipose tissue and significantly increases its conversion to highly unsaturated n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver.
Cognitive Remediation in Anorexia Nervosa and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Lounes Naima , Holttum Sue 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch evidence for cognitive remediation therapy's (CRT) effectiveness for anorexia nervosa (AN) has been gathering. This approach is also increasingly being implemented in other disorders including major depressive disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and autistic spectrum disorder that share commonalities with AN in neuropsychological profiles and clinical presentations. This systematic literature review identified and appraised the current evidence base to see whether evidence from related conditions could be integrated into the theoretical understanding of CRT for AN as well as future AN treatment developments and research.Overall, CRT studies in AN report promising findings, and CRT appears to be associated with improvements in set‐shifting and in central coherence. Cognitive remediation approaches in other conditions also show promising evidence in associated improvements in areas of executive functioning and information processing; links are made between AN treatment and what future treatment developments could consider. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Manipulating item proportion and deception reveals crucial dissociation between behavioral, autonomic, and neural indices of concealed information
Authors: Suchotzki Kristina , Verschuere Bruno , Peth Judith , Crombez Geert , Gamer Matthias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDeveloped as an alternative to traditional deception detection methods, the concealed information test (CIT) assesses recognition of critical (e.g., crime‐relevant) “probes.” Most often, recognition has been measured as enhanced skin conductance responses (SCRs) to probes compared to irrelevant foils (CIT effect). More recently, also differentially enlarged reaction times (RTs) and increased neural activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus, and the right temporo‐parietal junction have been observed. The aims of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study were to (1) investigate the boundary conditions of the CIT effects in all three measures and thereby (2) gain more insight into the relative contribution of two mechanisms underlying enhanced responding to concealed information (i.e., orienting versus response inhibition). Therefore, we manipulated the proportion of probe versus irrelevant items, and whether suspects were instructed to actively deny recognition of probe knowledge (i.e., deceive) during the test. Results revealed that whereas overt deception was not necessary for the SCR CIT effect, it was crucial for the RT and the fMRI‐based CIT effects. The proportion manipulation enhanced the CIT effect in all three measures. The results indicate that different mental processes might underlie the response pattern in the CIT. While skin conductance responding to concealed information may best be explained by orienting theory, it seems that response inhibition drives RT and blood oxygen level dependent responding to concealed information. Hum Brain Mapp 36:427–439, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of antidepressant medication and suicidal ideation—the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Rissanen Ina , Jääskeläinen Erika , Isohanni Matti , Koponen Hannu , Joukamaa Matti , Alaräisänen Antti , Miettunen Jouko 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe aim was to study the association between use of antidepressant medication and suicidal ideation in different diagnostic groups in a large population‐based cohort.MethodsInformation on prescribed drugs within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was collected at the age of 31 years with postal questionnaire (N = 8218). The presence of suicidal ideation was assessed via the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25 questionnaire. We studied associations between suicidal ideation and antidepressant medication in various diagnostic and symptom groups, and it adjusted for symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsSuicidal ideation was associated with the use of antidepressant medication in all diagnostic groups, but the association disappeared with adjustment for other symptoms of depression and anxiety. Subjects who reported insomnia and used antidepressants had suicidal ideation more commonly than did subjects who were not using antidepressants even when other symptoms were adjusted for (p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between antidepressant groups or doses.ConclusionIn a large unselected cohort, antidepressant medication was not associated with increased suicidal ideation when other symptoms of depression and anxiety were taken into account. The assessment of insomnia might be useful for identifying individuals liable to have increased suicidal ideation while on antidepressant medication. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative type I polyketide synthases involved in enediyne natural product biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Ji Rui , Jiang Xin , Yang Rongqiang , Liu Fuli , Xin Ying 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnediyne natural products are potent antibiotics structurally characterized by an enediyne core containing two acetylenic groups conjugated to a double bond in a 9‐ or 10‐membered carbocycle. The biosynthetic gene clusters for enediynes encode a novel iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKSE), which is generally believed to initiate the biosynthetic process of enediyne cores. This review article will cover research efforts made since its discovery to elucidate the role of the PKSE in enediyne core biosynthesis. Topics covered include the unique domain architecture, identification, and characterization of turnover products, and interaction with partner thioesterase protein. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):587–595, 2014
Interpersonal Problems, Dependency, and Self‐Criticism in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Dinger Ulrike , Barrett Marna S. , Zimmermann Johannes , Schauenburg Henning , Wright Aidan G. C. , Renner Fritz , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Barber Jacques P. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe goal of the present research was the examination of overlap between 2 research traditions on interpersonal personality traits in major depression. We hypothesized that Blatt's (2004) dimensions of depressive experiences around the dimensions of relatedness (i.e., dependency) and self‐definition (i.e., self‐criticism) are associated with specific interpersonal problems according to the interpersonal circumplex model (Leary, 1957). In addition, we examined correlations of interpersonal characteristics with depression severity.MethodAnalyses were conducted on 283 patients with major depressive disorder combined from 2 samples. Of the patients, 151 participated in a randomized controlled trial in the United States, and 132 patients were recruited in an inpatient unit in Germany. Patients completed measures of symptomatic distress, interpersonal problems, and depressive experiences.ResultsDependency was associated with more interpersonal problems related to low dominance and high affiliation, while self‐criticism was associated with more interpersonal problems related to low affiliation. These associations were independent of depression severity. Self‐criticism showed high overlap with cognitive symptoms of depression.ConclusionThe findings support the interpersonal nature of Blatt's dimensions of depressive experiences. Self‐criticism is associated with being too distant or cold toward others as well as greater depression severity, but is not related to the dimension of dominance.
Linkage Analysis as Evidence in Court: A Thematic Analysis of Mock Juror Deliberations
Authors: Fawcett Hannah , Clark Katie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLinkage analysis has, albeit occasionally, been presented in courts across the world as evidence that a series of offences possess behavioural similarities and distinctiveness from other offences, meaning they have probably been committed by the same individual. It is therefore imperative to ascertain how linkage analysis is regarded by juries within the context of deliberations. Three groups of participants (N = 22) eligible for jury duty in England and Wales viewed a simulated rape and murder trial derived from an actual South African case. Linkage analysis formed the sole evidence against the defendant in the two later offences, although DNA matches and eyewitness identifications of the defendant were present in the two earlier offences. Participant deliberations were recorded and subjected to thematic analysis. Five themes were discovered: behavioural consistencies and inconsistencies, physical versus case linkage evidence, barriers to admissibility, potential uses of linkage analysis, and dependence of lay knowledge. Jurors' over‐reliance on erroneous lay knowledge contributed to their conclusion that linkage analysis is, at present, unrepresentative evidence that cannot independently indicate a defendant's culpability. However, participants believed that linkage analysis could be a useful tool within investigations and, with further research evidence, in court in England and Wales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of an ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of selected flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Pandey Renu , Chandra Preeti , Arya Kamal Ram , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: October 2014

A rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 flavonoids in leaf, stem, and fruit extracts of male and female trees of Ginkgo biloba to investigate gender‐ and age‐related variations of flavonoids content. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm id, 1.7 μm) in 5 min. Quantitation was performed using negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves of all analytes showed a good linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.9977) over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The precision evaluated by an intra‐ and interday study showed RSD ≤ 1.98% and good accuracy with overall recovery in the range from 97.90 to 101.09% (RSD ≤ 1.67%) for all analytes. The method sensitivity expressed as the limit of quantitation was typically 0.25–3.57 ng/mL. The results showed that the total content of 13 flavonoids was higher in the leaf extract of an old male Ginkgo tree compared to young female Ginkgo trees.
Minoxidil‐Associated Anorexia in an Infant with Refractory Hypertension
Authors: Vesoulis Zachary A. , Attarian Stephanie J. , Zeller Brandy , Cole Francis Sessions 
Published: October 2014

Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive used as an adjunctive agent in refractory hypertension. It exerts an antihypertensive effect through two mechanisms: selective arterial vasodilation by activation of potassium channels in the vascular smooth muscle and stimulation of carotid and aortic baroreceptors, leading to downstream release of renin and norepinephrine. Although frequently cited in reviews of antihypertensive agents, limited data about the use of minoxidil in neonates are available. We describe an infant girl, born at 35 weeks of gestation, who was diagnosed with idiopathic hypertension after extensive diagnostic evaluation. Adequate blood pressure control was not achieved with captopril, amlodipine, and clonidine. Oliguria secondary to captopril and rapid‐onset congestive heart failure due to persistent hypertension led to the introduction of intravenous agents labetalol and nitroprusside. Although adequate blood pressure control was achieved, attempts to transition back to oral agents were unsuccessful, prompting the use of minoxidil as an alternative agent. Although good blood pressure control was achieved, the infant's oral intake plummeted from 210 to 63 ml/kg/day. The anorexia quickly resolved after stopping minoxidil, and she was discharged home at 5 months of age receiving propranolol, amlodipine, and doxazosin. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a definite relationship (score of 10) between the patient's development of anorexia and minoxidil therapy. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of minoxidil‐associated anorexia in preterm or term infants. Clinicians should be aware that anorexia is a possible adverse effect of minoxidil in this patient population when initiating the drug in similar patients.
MoTIVE: mobile two‐hop integrity validation for emergency vehicle routing
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Ching , Tseng Chinyang Henry , Lin Hui‐Tang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor disaster rescue and crisis support services, secure and trusted communication among emergency vehicles and mobile devices is important. VANET has been incrementally experimented for rescue scenario. Therefore, one of the popular ad hoc protocols, ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV), is applied to adjust VANET environment. In AODV, its critical routing fields (CRF) are security leakages allowing malicious nodes to launch routing attacks by illegally modifying field content. To prevent CRF from being modified by forwarders, we propose Mobile Two‐hop Integrity Validation for Emergency vehicle routing (MoTIVE) to enhance routing security of AODV. To design a secure VANET without introducing extra traffic, MoTIVE uses two‐hop integrity stamping (THIS) and validation rules, accompanying routing information exchanges without modifying protocol design. With THIS, MoTIVE verifies the integrity of forwarded AODV routing messages within each two‐hop area; consequently, it guarantees the routing correctness of whole network with induction concept. The main contribution of MoTIVE is that security‐reinforced information is piggybacked in normal routing messages within two‐hop locally instead of being flooded to the entire network globally. Compared with the original AODV, experiment results show that MoTIVE is scalable and causes no performance degradation while supplementary security protection is applied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The allelopathic effect of Potentilla acaulis on the changes of plant community in grassland, northern China
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Tang Shiming , Liu Kesi , Li Xuefeng , Huang Ding , Wang Kun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChanges in plant community composition may be driven partly by the traits of dominant species during succession. In degraded northern China grasslands, plant community composition has changed remarkably and previous studies have mostly focused on the effects of anthropogenic activities, ignoring the role of interspecific interactions. We hypothesized that Potentilla acaulis, a dominant plant in heavily degraded steppe landscapes, inhibits co‐occurring plant species by exuding allelopathic exudates that are inhibitory to establishing seedlings. Field vegetation surveys showed that mean heights and importance values of Stipa krylovii and Leymus chinensis were significantly lower in patches dominated by P. acaulis compared with patches dominated by S. krylovii. In germination experiments, P. acaulis extracts had significant allelopathic effects on three grass species (S. krylovii, Artemisia frigida, and L. chinensis) common in northern China grasslands. Allelopathic effects were a factor of exudate source, exudate concentration, and target species. Shoot growth of L. chinensis and A. frigida, extracts showed a “low‐promotion and high‐inhibition” effect, wherein low levels of exudate had a growth‐promoting effect, but higher concentrations had an increasingly inhibitory effect. S. krylovii was the most sensitive target species, and both its shoot and radicle growth were significantly reduced in the presence of P. acaulis. As with the other two targets, the magnitude of inhibition increased with increasing exudate concentration. Ecologically, this study suggests that allelopathy may contribute to the dominance of P. acaulis in degraded grasslands, which has important implications for recovery of other native plants in these degraded grasslands. The specific mechanism demands further investigation.
Treatment of Low HDL‐C Subjects with the CETP Modulator Dalcetrapib Increases Plasma Campesterol Only in Those Without ABCA1 and/or ApoA1 Mutations
Authors: Niesor Eric J. , Kallend David , Bentley Darren , Kastelein John J. P. , Kees Hovingh G. , Stroes Erik S. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the effect of dalcetrapib treatment on phytosterol levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) or familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA) due to mutations in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) or ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Patients (n = 40) with FCH or FHA received dalcetrapib 600 mg or placebo in this 4‐week, double‐blind, crossover study. Lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and mass, and phytosterols were assessed. Dalcetrapib increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and ApoA1 levels to a similar extent in FHA (+22.8, +13.9 %) and FCH (+18.4, +12.1 %), both p < 0.001 vs. placebo. Changes in CETP activity and mass were comparable for FHA (−31.5, +120.9 %) and FCH (−26.6, +111.9 %), both p < 0.0001 vs. placebo. Campesterol and lathosterol were unchanged in FHA (+3.8, +3.0 %), but only campesterol was markedly increased in FCH (+25.0 %, p < 0.0001 vs. placebo). Campesterol increased with dalcetrapib treatment in FCH but not in FHA, despite comparable HDL‐C and ApoA1 increases, suggesting that ApoA1 and/or ABCA1 is essential for HDL lipidation by enterocytes in humans.
Combined double tarsal wedge osteotomy and transcuneiform osteotomy for correction of resistant clubfoot deformity (the “bean-shaped” foot)
Authors: Elgeidi Adham , Abulsaad Mazen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose The “bean-shaped foot” exhibits forefoot adduction and midfoot supination, which interfere with function because of poor foot placement. The purpose of the study is a retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent a combined double tarsal wedge osteotomy and transcuneiform osteotomy to correct such a deformity. Methods Twenty-seven children with 35 idiopathic clubfeet were treated surgically by combined double tarsal wedge osteotomy (closing wedge cuboid osteotomy and opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy) and transcuneiform osteotomy between 2008 and 2012. The age of children at surgery ranged from 4 to 9 years. There were 19 boys and 8 girls. Pre- and postoperative X-rays were used, considering: on the AP radiograph, the calcaneo-fifth metatarsal angle and the talo-first metatarsal angle (indicators of forefoot adduction); on the lateral radiograph, the talo-first metatarsal angle (an indication of supination deformity) and calcaneo-first metatarsal angles (an indication of cavus deformity). These radiological parameters were compared with the clinical results. Results Follow-up was conducted for 24–79 months following surgery. Clinical and radiographic improvements in forefoot position were achieved in all cases. An average improvement in the anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle of 21°, calcaneo-fifth metatarsal angle of 14°, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle of 10°, and lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal of 12° confirmed the clinically satisfactory correction in all feet. One patient had a wound infection postoperatively, which resolved with removal of the wires and administration of oral antibiotics. Eight patients followed up for more than 5 years had no deterioration of results. Conclusions Combined double tarsal wedge osteotomy as well as transcuneiform osteotomy is an effective and safe procedure for lasting correction of the bean-shaped foot.
When Does Time Matter? Maternal Employment, Children’s Time With Parents, and Child Development
Authors: Hsin Amy , Felfe Christina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study tests the two assumptions underlying popularly held notions that maternal employment negatively affects children because it reduces time spent with parents: (1) that maternal employment reduces children’s time with parents, and (2) that time with parents affects child outcomes. We analyze children’s time-diary data from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and use child fixed-effects and IV estimations to account for unobserved heterogeneity. We find that working mothers trade quantity of time for better “quality” of time. On average, maternal work has no effect on time in activities that positively influence children’s development, but it reduces time in types of activities that may be detrimental to children’s development. Stratification by mothers’ education reveals that although all children, regardless of mother’s education, benefit from spending educational and structured time with their mothers, mothers who are high school graduates have the greatest difficulty balancing work and childcare. We find some evidence that fathers compensate for maternal employment by increasing types of activities that can foster child development as well as types of activities that may be detrimental. Overall, we find that the effects of maternal employment are ambiguous because (1) employment does not necessarily reduce children’s time with parents, and (2) not all types of parental time benefit child development.