bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Spatial Transformations in 14‐ and 16‐Month‐Old Infants: Effects of Action and Observational Experience
Authors: Frick Andrea , Wang Su‐hua 
Published: May 2013

Infants' ability to mentally track the orientation of an object during a hidden rotation was investigated (N = 28 in each experiment). A toy on a turntable was fully covered and then rotated 90°. When revealed, the toy had turned with the turntable (probable event), remained at its starting orientation (improbable event in Experiment 1), or turned to the opposite side (improbable event in Experiment 2). Results demonstrated a developmental progression between 14 and 16 months of age in infants' sensitivity to spatial object relations and their ability to track the orientation of an object during hidden rotation. Experiment 3 showed that 14‐month‐olds' performance improved with hands‐on training, highlighting the role of action experience in cognitive development.
Effects of Head Start REDI on Children's Outcomes 1 Year Later in Different Kindergarten Contexts
Authors: Bierman Karen L. , Nix Robert L. , Heinrichs Brenda S. , Domitrovich Celene E. , Gest Scott D. , Welsh Janet A. , Gill Sukhdeep 
Published: May 2013

One year after participating in the Research‐based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) intervention or “usual practice” Head Start, the learning and behavioral outcomes of 356 children (17% Hispanic, 25% African American; 54% girls; Mage = 4.59 years at initial assessment) were assessed. In addition, their 202 kindergarten classrooms were evaluated on quality of teacher–student interactions, emphasis on reading instruction, and school‐level student achievement. Hierarchical linear analyses revealed that the REDI intervention promoted kindergarten phonemic decoding skills, learning engagement, and competent social problem‐solving skills, and reduced aggressive–disruptive behavior. Intervention effects on social competence and inattention were moderated by kindergarten context, with effects strongest when children entered schools with low student achievement. Implications are discussed for developmental models of school readiness and early educational programs.
Reliability of field methods for estimating body fat
Authors: Loenneke Jeremy P. , Barnes Jeremy T. , Wilson Jacob M. , Lowery Ryan P. , Isaacs Melissa N. , Pujol Thomas J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWhen health professionals measure the fitness levels of clients, body composition is usually estimated. In practice, the reliability of the measurement may be more important than the actual validity, as reliability determines how much change is needed to be considered meaningful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of two bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices (in athlete and non‐athlete mode) and compare that to 3‐site skinfold (SKF) readings. Twenty‐one college students attended the laboratory on two occasions and had their measurements taken in the following order: body mass, height, SKF, Tanita body fat‐350 (BF‐350) and Omron HBF‐306C. There were no significant pairwise differences between Visit 1 and Visit 2 for any of the estimates (P>0·05). The Pearson product correlations ranged from r = 0·933 for HBF‐350 in the athlete mode (A) to r = 0·994 for SKF. The ICC's ranged from 0·93 for HBF‐350(A) to 0·992 for SKF, and the MD's ranged from 1·8% for SKF to 5·1% for BF‐350(A). The current study found that SKF and HBF‐306C(A) were the most reliable (<2%) methods of estimating BF%, with the other methods (BF‐350, BF‐350(A), HBF‐306C) producing minimal differences greater than 2%. In conclusion, the SKF method presented with the best reliability because of its low minimal difference, suggesting this method may be the best field method to track changes over time if you have an experienced tester. However, if technical error is a concern, the practitioner may use the HBF‐306C(A) because it had a minimal difference value comparable to SKF.
SimultaneousEEGand fMRIrecordings (EEG‐fMRI) in children with epilepsy
Authors: Moeller Friederike , Stephani Ulrich , Siniatchkin Michael 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBy combining electroencephalography (EEG) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) it is possible to describe blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal changes related toEEGpatterns. This way,EEG‐pattern–associated networks of hemodynamic changes can be detected anywhere in the brain with good spatial resolution. This review summarizesEEG‐fMRIstudies that have been performed in children with epilepsy.EEG‐fMRIstudies in focal epilepsy (structural and nonlesional cases, benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes), generalized epilepsy (especially absence epilepsy), and epileptic encephalopathies (West syndrome,Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, continuous spike and waves during slow sleep, andDravet syndrome) are presented. AlthoughEEG‐fMRIwas applied mainly to localize the region presumably generating focal interictal discharges in focal epilepsies,EEG‐fMRIidentified underlying networks in patients with generalized epilepsies and thereby contributed to a better understanding of these epilepsies. In epileptic encephalopathies a specific fingerprint of hemodynamic changes associated with the particular syndrome was detected. The value of theEEG‐fMRItechnique for diagnosis and investigation of pathogenetic mechanisms of different forms of epilepsy is discussed.
Time‐frequency mapping of the rhythmic limb movements distinguishes convulsive epileptic from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Bayly Jade , Carino John , Petrovski Slavé , Smit Michelle , Fernando Dilini A. , Vinton Anita , Yan Bernard , Gubbi Jayavardhana R. , Palaniswami Marimuthu S. , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeA definite diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) usually requires in‐patient video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Previous research has shown that convulsive psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) demonstrate a characteristic pattern of rhythmic movement artifact on the EEG. Herein we sought to examine the potential for time‐frequency mapping of data from a movement‐recording device (accelerometer) worn on the wrist as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between convulsive epileptic seizures and PNES.MethodsTime‐frequency mapping was performed on accelerometer traces obtained during 56 convulsive seizure‐like events from 35 patients recorded during in‐patient video‐EEG monitoring. Twenty‐six patients had PNES, eight had epileptic seizures, and one had both seizure types. The time‐frequency maps were derived from fast Fourier transformations to determine the dominant frequency for sequential 2.56‐s blocks for the course of each event.Key FindingsThe coefficient of variation (CoV) of limb movement frequency for the PNES events was less than for the epileptic seizure events (median, 17.18% vs. 52.23%; p < 0.001). A blinded review of the time‐frequency maps by an epileptologist was accurate in differentiating between the event types, that is, 38 (92.7%) of 41 and 6 (75%) of 8 nonepileptic and epileptic seizures, respectively, were diagnosed correctly, with seven events classified as “nondiagnostic.” Using a CoV cutoff score of 32% resulted in similar classification accuracy, with 42 (93%) of 45 PNES and 10 (91%) of 11 epileptic seizure events correctly diagnosed.SignificanceTime‐frequency analysis of data from a wristband movement monitor could be utilized as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between epileptic and nonepileptic convulsive seizure‐like events.
Anthropogenic changes to leaf litter input affect the fitness of a larval amphibian
Authors: Stephens Jeffrey P. , Berven Keith A. , Tiegs Scott D. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryHuman activities, invasive species and climate change have altered the composition of native forest plant communities in North America. These changes have, in turn, altered the composition of leaf litter in woodland ponds with consequences for the organisms they harbour, such as amphibian larvae.We used mesocosms to assess how 10 species of allochthonous litter, which differ in their regional abundance and chemical composition, affect ephemeral ponds. We were particularly interested in effects on larval amphibian fitness, including metamorphic mass, larval period and survival.Litter had strong effects on the fitness of larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), water chemistry, and phytoplankton and periphyton biomass in the mesocosms. Litter from green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a tree species in decline, enabled frog larvae to grow larger, develop faster and survive better than larvae from other litter treatments. Interestingly, three invasive wetland plant species produced heavy metamorphs, with shorter larval periods and higher survival relative to native wetland plants. Litter from red maple (Acer rubrum, now among the most abundant native trees in the eastern United States), cattail (Typha latifolia) and sedge (Carex stricta) produced metamorphs that were small and survived poorly.Mass at metamorphosis was best explained by litter quality (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content) and primary producer biomass, while survival and larval period were best explained by a combination of litter quality, primary producer biomass and water chemistry (polyphenolics andpH). Additionally, litter quality and primary producer biomass explained differences in the elemental composition of metamorphs. Lastly, our data suggest that litter nitrogen may be a limiting resource that affects the export of metamorphic frog biomass from ephemeral ponds.Overall, our results indicate that anthropogenic changes in plant communities lead to changes in the quality of allochthonous litter input and strongly affect amphibian fitness.
MYC status determination in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma: the impact of FISH probe selection
Authors: Muñoz‐Mármol Ana M , Sanz Carolina , Tapia Gustavo , Marginet Ruth , Ariza Aurelio , Mate José L 
Published: May 2013

AimsTo assess how hybridization probe design may affect MYC status determination in Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.Methods and resultsWe compared the results obtained with one dual‐fusion and two break‐apart commercial probes in a retrospective series of 91 aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. All three probes were able to detect the IGH–MYC translocation in every case bearing it (13/13). However, seven of 13 (54%) non‐IGH–MYC (light‐chain immunoglobulin or non‐immunoglobulin‐MYC) rearrangements were unambiguously detected by just one of the probes tested. On the other hand, when the IGH–MYC dual‐fusion probe was used, nine of 15 (60%) cases with a hybridization pattern suggestive of a non‐IGH–MYC translocation were attributable to MYC copy gain rather than MYC rearrangement, as demonstrated by both break‐apart probes.ConclusionsTaking into account the prognostic and therapeutic implications of the MYC translocation, probe design and limitations should be particularly kept in mind when MYC hybridization patterns are interpreted. In our experience, detection of 8q24 abnormalities could be optimized by a two‐probe approach involving the application of both IGH–MYC dual‐fusion and MYC break‐apart selected kits.
You did this to yourself! Stigma and blame in lung cancer
Authors: Bresnahan Mary Jiang , Silk Kami , Zhuang Jie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRespondents (N = 224) read 1 of 4 scenarios: a heavy smoker, a moderate smoker, an occasional smoker, or a nonsmoker diagnosed with lung cancer. Results showed that smokers with lung cancer received more blame than did nonsmokers. Nonsmokers assigned more blame to tobacco companies and cigarette advertising and made more negative attributions about lung cancer victims. Respondents high in smoking‐cessation efficacy assigned more blame and negative attributions to lung cancer victims. This study suggests that lung cancer is stigmatized because of the widely held belief that it is preventable. Interventions must encourage smokers to be vigilant about their lung health, to know the symptoms of lung cancer, and to see their doctor immediately if they experience lung problems.
Causal attributions and attitudes toward lung cancer
Authors: Hamann Heidi A. , Howell Lisa A. , McDonald Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study investigated causal attributions and attitudes toward a hypothetical lung cancer patient. Participants included 147 undergraduate students who read 1 of 3 vignettes about a man recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The vignettes were identical except for the causal description of the patient's lung cancer (genetic, smoking, or combined). Compared with the other 2 conditions, participants in the genetic condition believed the hypothetical patient had less control and less responsibility for his illness; they also noted more pity and less anger. There were no significant differences in these variables between the smoking and combined conditions. Information about genetic information appears to trigger more positive perceptions of lung cancer patients, but only in the absence of smoking histories.
Esthetic Paradigms in the Interdisciplinary Management of Maxillary Anterior Dentition—A Review
Authors: Raj Vishnu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article reviews some commonly used esthetic proportions and paradigms in dentistry. Establishing optimal anterior esthetics frequently entails restorative, orthodontic, and periodontal treatment. Several guidelines have been purported to facilitate an esthetic outcome during the rehabilitation of the maxillary anterior teeth. The golden proportion, recurring esthetic dental proportion, tooth width : height ratios, vertical positioning of the maxillary lateral incisor, and the apparent contact dimension are examples of some such guidelines. Evaluation of these esthetic paradigms including their validity, esthetic significance, perception by laypeople, and the range of tolerance to alterations are very important considerations.Clinical SignificanceThis review presents a comprehensive analysis of some selected esthetic dental paradigms and recommendations for their application in the interdisciplinary management of anterior dental esthetics.
Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth A. , Street Donna L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis Commentary summarizes and remarks on several discussions of the link between academic accounting research and financial reporting standard setting. Our Commentary is prompted by references to building the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) research capacity, included in three due process documents: Report of the Trustees' Strategy Review, IFRSs as the Global Standard: Setting a Strategy for the Foundation's Second Decade; Agenda Consultation 2011; and Feedback Statement: Agenda Consultation 2011. Pursuant to its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) has undertaken activities, including hosting two roundtables, related to the link between academic accounting research (and researchers) and the IASB's standard‐setting activities. We discuss the main issues addressed and themes emerging from the IAAER roundtables including whether academic research is relevant to standard setters; types of academic research, and areas of inquiry, that would be most relevant to accounting standard setters; perceptions on why academic research is not more useful to standard setters and challenges to academic researcher's engagement in standard setting. We summarize the IAAER Committee response to the consultation paper, Status of Trustees' Strategy Review. Finally, we identify areas where we believe academia can assist in building a dedicated research capacity at the IASB and note specific areas where future academic research is needed to inform the IASB.
Melatonin‐mediated insulin synthesis during endoplasmic reticulum stress involves HuD expression in rat insulinoma INS‐1E cells
Authors: Yoo Yeong‐Min 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how melatonin mediates insulin synthesis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via HuD expression in rat insulinoma INS‐1E cells. Under ER stress condition (thapsigargin with/without melatonin, tunicamycin with/without melatonin), phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (p‐AMPK) was significantly increased when compared with only with/without melatonin (control/melatonin). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) two protein was significantly reduced under conditions of ER stress when compared with control/melatonin, but no expression of IRS1 protein was observed. In thapsigargin treatment, melatonin (10, 50 μm) increased IRS2 protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner. p‐Akt (Ser473) expression significantly decreased under ER stress condition prior to control/melatonin. Melatonin (10, 50 μm) significantly reduced nuclear and cellular p85α expressions in a dose‐dependent manner when compared with only thapsigargin or tunicamycin. These results indicate the activation of the aforementioned expressions under regulation of the pathway, AMPK → IRS2 → Akt/PKB → PI3K (p85α). However, mammalian target of rapamycin and raptor protein, mTORC1, was found to be independent of the ER stress response. In thapsigargin treatment, melatonin increased nuclear mammalian RNA‐binding protein (HuD) expression and reduced cellular HuD expression and subsequently resulted in a decrease in cellular insulin level and rise in insulin secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. In tunicamycin treatment, HuD and insulin proteins showed similar expression tendencies. These results indicate that ER stress/melatonin, especially thapsigargin/melatonin, increased nuclear HuD expression and subsequently resulted in a decrease in intracellular biosynthesis; it is hypothesized that extracellular secretion of insulin may be regulated by melatonin.
The Predictors of Suicidality in Previous Suicide Attempters following Case Management Services
Authors: Chen Wei‐Jen , Shyu Shi‐Sen , Lin Guei‐Ging , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Ho Chi‐Kung , Lee Ming‐Been , Chou Frank Huang‐Chih 
Published: May 2013

Suicide attempts constitute a serious clinical problem. People who have attempted suicide are at an elevated risk for additional suicide attempts, but there is limited evidence regarding the predictors of suicidality of suicide attempters following case management services. In the present study the indicators of suicidality after case management were examined. A total of 1,056 subjects who had recently attempted suicide were recruited from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2011. The suicide prevention center of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan provided case management services and followed up on suicide attempt cases for 6 months. The salient factors for repeat suicide attempts were estimated using a logistic regression analysis. The results showed that multiple factors, including a “willingness to receive mental health services during a crisis,” “social support,” “a history of mental disorders,” and “a history of suicide,” could predict repeat suicide attempts with hazard ratios (0.58, 0.54, 3.84, 1.51) and 95% confidence interval (0.39–0.86, 0.36–0.83, 2.41–6.10, 1.03–2.21). The four factors mentioned above were the most accurate predictors of subsequent suicidality when case management services were utilized after 6 months of follow‐up. The findings of our study could help clarify future strategies for suicide prevention.
Energy recovery in the water industry: an assessment of the potential of micro‐hydropower
Authors: McNabola A. , Coughlan P. , Williams A. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWater supply is a core service on which civilised society depends. It involves considerable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and costs. As such, scientific efforts in the water industry in recent years have focused on improving the sustainability of water supply. This paper examines the potential for energy recovery in the water industry which may be exploited through the use of mini or micro‐hydropower installations. A case study of water infrastructure in Ireland is included in the analysis to highlight the potential of this concept in practice. The results of this investigation show that in certain circumstances significant energy, environmental and economic savings are available with modest investment.
STING-Dependent Recognition of Cyclic di-AMP Mediates Type I Interferon Responses during Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: Barker Jeffrey R. , Koestler Benjamin J. , Carpenter Victoria K. , Burdette Dara L. , Waters Christopher M. , Vance Russell E. , Valdivia Raphael H. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

STING (
s
t
i
mulator of interfero
n
[IFN]
g
enes) initiates type I IFN responses in mammalian cells through the detection of microbial nucleic acids. The membrane-bound obligate intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis
induces a STING-dependent type I IFN response in infected cells, yet the IFN-inducing ligand remains unknown. In this report, we provide evidence that
Chlamydia
synthesizes cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a nucleic acid metabolite not previously identified in Gram-negative bacteria, and that this metabolite is a prominent ligand for STING-mediated activation of IFN responses during infection. We used primary mouse lung fibroblasts and HEK293T cells to compare IFN-β responses to
Chlamydia
infection, c-di-AMP, and other type I IFN-inducing stimuli.
Chlamydia
infection and c-di-AMP treatment induced type I IFN responses in cells expressing STING but not in cells expressing STING variants that cannot sense cyclic dinucleotides but still respond to cytoplasmic DNA. The failure to induce a type I IFN response to
Chlamydia
and c-di-AMP correlated with the inability of STING to relocalize from the endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasmic punctate signaling complexes required for IFN activation. We conclude that
Chlamydia
induces STING-mediated IFN responses through the detection of c-di-AMP in the host cell cytosol and propose that c-di-AMP is the ligand predominantly responsible for inducing such a response in
Chlamydia
-infected cells.

IMPORTANCE
This study shows that the Gram-negative obligate pathogen
Chlamydia trachomatis
, a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, synthesizes cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a nucleic acid metabolite that thus far has been described only in Gram-positive bacteria. We further provide evidence that the host cell employs an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized cytoplasmic sensor, STING (
s
t
i
mulator of interfero
n
[IFN]
g
enes), to detect c-di-AMP synthesized by
Chlamydia
and induce a protective IFN response. This detection occurs even though
Chlamydia
is confined to a membrane-bound vacuole. This raises the possibility that the ER, an organelle that innervates the entire cytoplasm, is equipped with pattern recognition receptors that can directly survey membrane-bound pathogen-containing vacuoles for leaking microbe-specific metabolites to mount type I IFN responses required to control microbial infections.