bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Processing of Scrambled Faces
Authors: Rakover Sam S. , Cahlon Baruch 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We propose a model, face-checking, that is based on first-order relational properties and discriminates between different faces (regular and scrambled) and predicts their similarity choice in 2 orientations: upright and inverted. The results of an experiment confirmed the model’s predictive ability. An alternative hypothesis, which is based on facial configural information, failed to provide an efficient explanation for these findings, as the proposed model does. The model shows how components of first-order relational properties are mathematically integrated and involved in face processing.
Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs for Type 2 Diabetes Medications When Aging Into Medicare
Authors: Barthold Douglas , Li Jing , Basu Anirban 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceFor people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), out-of-pocket medication costs may influence medication choice, adherence, and overall diabetes management and progression. Little is known about how these costs change as insured people enter Medicare at age 65 years, when coinsurance in the coverage gap and catastrophic phases of Part D coverage can be increased greatly by use of insulin and newer, branded medications (eg, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors).ObjectiveTo identify whether reaching age 65 years is associated with T2D medication out-of-pocket costs and utilization.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study (2012-2020) featuring 7 years of follow-up used prescription drug claims data from the TriNetX Diamond Network. Participants included people in the US with diagnosed T2D, and claims for T2D medications were observed both before and after age 65 years. Data analysis was performed from October 2022 to September 2023.ExposureReaching age 65 years, according to participants’ year of birth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was patient out-of-pocket costs for T2D drugs per quarter (inflation adjusted to 2020 dollars). Utilization, measured as binary utilization of specific classes, and the number of claims for mutually exclusive classes and combinations of classes were also examined. All outcomes were examined using regression discontinuity design.ResultsIn claims data for 129 997 individuals with T2D diagnosed at ages 58 to 72 years (mean [SD] age, 65.50 [2.95] years; 801 235 female [50.9%]), reaching age 65 years was associated with an increase of $23.04 (95% CI, $19.86-$26.22) in mean quarterly out-of-pocket costs for T2D drugs, and an increase of $56.36 (95% CI, $51.48-$61.23) at the 95th percentile of spending, after utilization adjustment. Utilization decreased by 5.3% at age 65 years, from 3.40 claims per quarter (95% CI, 3.38-3.42 claims per quarter) to 3.22 claims per quarter (95% CI, 3.21-3.24 claims per quarter), but a shift in composition of utilization, including increased insulin use, was associated with additional increases in patient costs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of individuals with T2D, the increase in spending upon reaching age 65 years (when most people enroll in Medicare) was associated with patient coinsurance in the coverage gap and catastrophic coverage phases of Medicare Part D. The increased patient cost burden at age 65 years and a modest reduction in overall T2D drug utilization suggest that as people with T2D age into Medicare, there is potentially an increase in nonadherence and diabetes complications.
Breast Cancer Cells Exhibit Mesenchymal–Epithelial Plasticity Following Dynamic Modulation of Matrix Stiffness
Authors: Sankhe Chinmay S. , Sacco Jessica L. , Lawton Jacob , Fair Ryan A. , Soares David Vidotto Rezende , Aldahdooh Mohammed K.R. , Gomez Enrique D. , Gomez Esther W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is essential for tissue and organ development and is thought to contribute to cancer by enabling the establishment of metastatic lesions. Despite its importance in both health and disease, there is a lack of in vitro platforms to study MET and little is known about the regulation of MET by mechanical cues. Here, hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels with dynamic and tunable stiffnesses mimicking that of normal and tumorigenic mammary tissue are synthesized. The platform is then utilized to examine the response of mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells to dynamic modulation of matrix stiffness. Gradual softening of the hydrogels reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Moreover, breast cancer cells exhibit temporal changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression that are consistent with mesenchymal–epithelial plasticity as the stiffness of the matrix is reduced. A reduction in matrix stiffness attenuates the expression of integrin‐linked kinase, and inhibition of integrin‐linked kinase impacts proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression in cells cultured on stiff and dynamic hydrogels. Overall, these findings reveal intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal states as cells move along a matrix stiffness‐mediated MET trajectory and suggest an important role for matrix mechanics in regulating mesenchymal–epithelial plasticity.
Spatiotemporally Controllable Covalent Bonding of RNA for Multi‐Protein Interference
Authors: Fang Hao , Wang Tingting , Dai Jun , Hu Jing‐Jing , Chen Zhaojun , Yuan Lizhen , Hong Yuning , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany diseases are associated with genetic mutation and expression of mutated proteins, such as cancers. Therapeutic approaches that selectively target the synthesis process of multiple proteins show greater potential compared to single‐protein approaches in oncological diseases. However, conventional agents to regulate the synthesis of multiple protein still suffer from poor spatiotemporal selectivity and stability. Here, a new method using a dye‐peptide conjugate, PRFK, for multi‐protein interference with spatiotemporal selectivity and reliable stability, is reported. By using the peptide sequence that targets tumor cells, PRFK can be efficiently taken up, followed by specific binding to the KDELR (KDEL receptor) protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The dye generates 1O2 under light irradiation, enabling photodynamic therapy. This process converts the furan group into a cytidine‐reactive intermediate, which covalently binds to mRNA, thereby blocking protein synthesis. Upon treating 4T1 cells, the proteomics data show alterations in apoptosis, ferroptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune infiltration, suggesting that multi‐protein interference leads to the disruption of cellular physiological activities, ultimately achieving tumor treatment. This study presents a multi‐protein interference probe with the potential for protein interference within various subcellular organelles in the future.
Construction of Iron‐Scavenging Hydrogel via Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry for Antibiotic‐Free Treatment of Bacterial Wound Infection
Authors: Xie Tian‐Qiu , Yan Xiao , Yan Jian‐Hua , Yu Yun‐Jian , Liu Xin‐Hua , Feng Jun , Liu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBacteria, especially drug‐resistant strains, can quickly cause wound infections, leading to delayed healing and fatal risk in clinics. With the growing need for alternative antibacterial approaches that rely less on antibiotics or eliminate their use altogether, a novel antibacterial hydrogel named Ovtgel is developed. Ovtgel is formulated by chemically crosslinking thiol‐modified ovotransferrin (Ovt), a member of the transferrin family found in egg white, with olefin‐modified agarose through thiol–ene click chemistry. Ovt is designed to sequester ferric ions essential for bacterial survival and protect wound tissues from damages caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in Fenton reactions. Experimental data have shown that Ovtgel significantly enhances wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and shielding tissues from ROS‐induced harms. Unlike traditional antibiotics, Ovtgel targets essential trace elements required for bacterial survival in the host environment, preventing the development of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Ovtgel exhibits excellent biocompatibility due to the homology of Ovt to mammalian transferrin. This hydrogel has the potential to serve as an effective antibiotic‐free solution for combating bacterial infections.
Bioengineered Abiotic Nanomaterials Through Cell Membrane‐Camouflaging: Advancements and Challenges in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jin Xuru , Lopes Daniela , Lopes Joana , Hua Zhidan , Lei Ying , Ghanbari Roham , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Borzacchiello Assunta , Karimi Male Hassan , Iravani Siavash , Sillanpää Mika , Prakash Chander , Wang Xiangdong , Cláudia Paiva‐Santos Ana , Makvandi Pooyan , Xu Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLung cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Bridging the gap between the chemical and cellular understanding of cell‐decorated biomimetic nanocomposites and their clinical translation is crucial for developing effective therapies. Nanocomposites show promise in targeted drug delivery and diagnostics, but their clinical application is hindered by biocompatibility and clearance issues. To overcome these challenges, biomimetic approaches utilizing cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials emerge. By camouflaging nanomaterials with cell membranes, the biointerfaces are enhanced, and the inherent properties of the donor cell membranes are acquired. This review provides an overview of recent advancements on cell membrane‐coated nanocomposites for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. It discusses fabrication techniques, biomedical applications, challenges, and future prospects. The incorporation of cell membranes into nanocomposites holds potential for improved lung cancer therapy, but further development and refinement are needed for precise tumor targeting. Addressing the identified challenges will pave the way for clinical translation of these biomimetic nanoplatforms and advance lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Biodistribution and Biotoxicity Assessment of Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Dots
Authors: Ren Panting , Li Jingru , Xiong Liqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConjugated polymer dots (Pdots) have shown potential in the biomedical fields due to their optical properties and customizable design. However, the limited research on the biotoxicity of Pdots hinders their further application and translation. Lipophilic Pdots are prone to adsorbing specific proteins, leading to targeted tissue accumulation. Therefore, lipophilic fluorescent Pdots (Bare‐Pdots) are synthesized using the conjugated polymer poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)−1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) to systematically evaluate their biodistribution and biotoxicity in stem cells, zebrafish embryos, and mice. It is observed that Bare‐Pdots are readily internalized by cells and adhered to the embryonic chorion. Additionally, Bare‐Pdots exhibit a distinct distribution in brown adipose tissue and heart, closely associated with phagocytosis of capillary endothelial cells involved in lipid metabolism. Notably, injection of Bare‐Pdots at 5 mg kg−1 results in dysfunction of brown adipose tissue and an increased risk of obesity 90 days post‐injection. Furthermore, hydrophilic COOH‐Pdots and NH2‐Pdots with reduced lipophilicity are synthesized using amphiphilic ligands. NH2‐Pdots show similar distribution but lower biotoxicity compared to Bare‐Pdots. Nevertheless, injection of COOH‐Pdots at 5 mg kg−1 causes a decrease in white blood cells and renal tubular damage. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing dosage to ensure the safe use of Pdots in preclinical applications.
High Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Based on Single Precursor Derived NiFe2O4 Spinel with Tailored Cationic Distribution and Oxygen Vacancies in Acidic Medium
Authors: Ajay  , Tanwar Vaishali , Gujare Aditi Ashok , Ingole Pravin Popinand 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpinel metal oxides are extensively studied for supercapacitors (SCs) in alkaline electrolytes, where charge storage capacity is limited by surface site availability due to surface reconstruction forming metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxides. The use of an acidic medium, which can boost the charge storage capacity of spinel oxides offering an additional channel of intercalation‐deintercalation of protons, is underexplored. Moreover, the impact of chemical compositions and the cationic distributions is crucial on the electrocatalysis performance of spinel oxides, however, such a correlation is first time reported for charge storage properties of spinel ferrite NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NFO NPs). Besides, a low‐cost and scalable synthesis of NFO NPs involving the thermal decomposition of Ni‐Fe glycolate, followed by controlled air‐calcination is reported. Thus crafted NFO NPs‐based device shows impressive specific capacitance (2112 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) in half‐cell configuration. A flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric device (full‐cell) configuration depicts impressive energy density (20.7 Wh kg−1), power density (4000 W kg−1), gravimetric capacitance (140 F g−1 at 2 A g−1), and retention of its performance (≈75% after 10,000 charging/discharging cycles). The results depict a new insight toward the tuning of electronic and charge storage properties in NFO, which otherwise are predominately attributed to only the crystallite size and morphological effects.
Melatonin Ameliorates Depressive‐Like Behaviors in Ovariectomized Mice by Improving Tryptophan Metabolism via Inhibition of Gut Microbe Alistipes Inops
Authors: Zheng Kai‐Yu , Gao Bo , Wang Hua‐Jie , He Jin‐Gang , Chen Hong‐Sheng , Hu Zhuang‐Li , Long Li‐Hong , Chen Jian‐Guo , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is reported to improve mood disorders in perimenopausal women and gut microbiome composition is altered during menopausal period. The possible role of microbiome in the treatment effect of melatonin on menopausal depression remains unknown. Here, it is shown that melatonin treatment reverses the gut microbiota dysbiosis and depressive‐like behaviors in ovariectomy (OVX) operated mice. This effect of melatonin is prevented by antibiotic cocktails (ABX) treatment. Transferring microbiota harvested from adolescent female mice to OVX‐operated mice is sufficient to ameliorate depressive‐like behaviors. Conversely, microbiota transplantation from OVX‐operated mice or melatonin‐treated OVX‐operated mice to naïve recipient mice exhibits similar phenotypes to donors. The colonization of Alistipes Inops, which is abundant in OVX‐operated mice, confers the recipient with depressive‐like behaviors. Further investigation indicates that the expansion of Alistipes Inops induced by OVX leads to the degradation of intestinal tryptophan, which destroys systemic tryptophan availability. Melatonin supplementation restores systemic tryptophan metabolic disorders by suppressing the growth of Alistipes Inops, which ameliorates depressive‐like behaviors. These results highlight the previously unrecognized role of Alistipes Inops in the modulation of OVX‐induced behavioral disorders and suggest that the application of melatonin to inhibit Alistipes Inops may serve as a potential strategy for preventing menopausal depressive symptoms.
Pushing Pressure Detection Sensitivity to New Limits by Modulus‐Tunable Mechanism
Authors: Yang Jing , Yuan Guojiang , Shen Yong , Guo Caili , Li Zhibin , Yan Fengling , Chen Xiaolong , Mei Lin , Wang Taihong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOnly microstructures are used to improve the sensitivity of iontronic pressure sensors. By modulating the compressive modulus, a breakthrough in the sensitivity of the iontronic pressure sensor is achieved. Furthermore, it allows for programmatic tailoring of sensor performance according to the requirements of different applications. Such a new strategy pushes the sensitivity up to a record‐high of 25 548.24 kPa−1 and expands the linear pressure range from 15 to 127 kPa. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical stability over 10 000 compression‐release cycles. Based on this, a well‐controlled robotic hand that precisely tracks the pressure behavior inside a balloon to autonomously regulate the gripping angle is developed. This paves the way for the application of iontronic pressure sensors in precise sensing scenarios.
Lactylated Apolipoprotein C‐II Induces Immunotherapy Resistance by Promoting Extracellular Lipolysis
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhao Deping , Wang Yupeng , Liu Ming , Zhang Yuan , Feng Tingting , Xiao Chao , Song Huan , Miao Rui , Xu Li , Chen Hongwei , Qiu Xiaoying , Xu Yi , Xu Jingxuan , Cui Zelin , Wang Wei , Quan Yanchun , Zhu Yifeng , Huang Chen , Zheng Song Guo , Zhao Jian‐yuan , Zhu Ting , Sun Lianhui , Fan Guangjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMortality rates due to lung cancer are high worldwide. Although PD‐1 and PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors boost the survival of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resistance often arises. The Warburg Effect, which causes lactate build‐up and potential lysine‐lactylation (Kla), links immune dysfunction to tumor metabolism. The role of non‐histone Kla in tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy remains to be clarified. Here, global lactylome profiling and metabolomic analyses of samples from patients with NSCLC is conducted. By combining multi‐omics analysis with in vitro and in vivo validation, that intracellular lactate promotes extracellular lipolysis through lactyl‐APOC2 is revealed. Mechanistically, lactate enhances APOC2 lactylation at K70, stabilizing it and resulting in FFA release, regulatory T cell accumulation, immunotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Moreover, the anti‐APOC2K70‐lac antibody that sensitized anti‐PD‐1 therapy in vivo is developed. This findings highlight the potential of anti lactyl‐APOC2‐K70 approach as a new combination therapy for sensitizing immunotherapeutic responses.
Lossless Phonon Transition Through GaN‐Diamond and Si‐Diamond Interfaces
Authors: Malakoutian Mohamadali , Woo Kelly , Rich Dennis , Mandia Ramandeep , Zheng Xiang , Kasperovich Anna , Saraswat Devansh , Soman Rohith , Jo Youhwan , Pfeifer Thomas , Hwang Taesoon , Aller Henry , Kim Jeongkyu , Lyu Junrui , Mabrey Janelle Keionna , Rodriguez Thomas Andres , Pomeroy James , Hopkins Patrick E. , Graham Samuel , Smith David J. , Mitra Subhasish , Cho Kyeongjae , Kuball Martin , Chowdhury Srabanti 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvancing Silicon (Si) technology beyond Moore's law through 3D architectures requires highly efficient heat management methods compatible with foundry processes. While continued increases in transistor density can be achieved through 3D architectures, self‐heating in the upper tiers degrades the performance. Self‐heating is a critical problem for high‐power, high‐frequency, wide bandgap, and ultra‐wide bandgap devices as well. Diamond, known for its exceptional thermal conductivity, offers a viable solution in both these cases. Since thermal boundary resistance (between the channel/junction and diamond plays a crucial role in overall thermal resistance, this study investigates various dielectrics for interface engineering, such as Silicon dioxide (SiO2), amorphous‐ Silicon Carbide (a‐SiC), and Silicon Nitride (SiNx), to make a phonon bridge at gallium nitride (GaN)‐diamond and Si‐diamond interfaces. The a‐SiC interlayer reduces diamond/GaN (<5 m2K per GW) and diamond/Si (<2 m2K per GW) thermal boundary resistances by linking low‐ and high‐frequency phonons, boosting phonon transport through the interface. Engineered interfaces enhance heat spreading from the channel/junction and rule out premature failure.
Induction of out‐of‐season spawning in an intensively reared walleye (Sander vitreus) broodstock
Authors: Firkus Tyler J. , Branville Colton , Neibauer Jared , Hartleb Christopher , Holmes Kendall , Hauser Emma , Fischer Gregory 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe commercial viability of walleye (Sander vitreus) as an aquaculture species requires that walleye gametes are available year‐round so that multiple cohorts of walleye can be brought to market throughout the year. This study aimed to apply photothermal manipulations to three groups of walleye broodstock to induce out‐of‐season spawning and obtain a year‐round supply of fertilized walleye eggs. We manipulated photothermal regimes for three groups of broodstock to induce spawning in February (early), April (in‐season), and July (late‐season). In autumn, water temperatures were chilled to 8°C in all treatments. The duration of the chill period varied for each treatment with the early, in‐season, and late treatments remaining chilled for 6, 18, and 30 weeks, respectively, before being warmed to induce spawning. Fecundity was significantly lower for late‐season broodstock. Egg size and gonadosomatic index were significantly smaller in the early‐season treatment. Fertilization success was similar for early and in‐season treatments but was 0% for eggs from the late‐season treatment. Larval survival was significantly lower for walleye from early‐season broodstock. Our results suggest that early out‐of‐season spawning for walleye is possible but comes with tradeoffs of smaller egg size and lower larval survival.
Chemoselective and Stereoselective Allylation of Bis(alkenyl)boronates
Authors: Tran Minh‐Khoa , Ready Joseph M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBis(alkenyl)boronates react with optically active Ir(π‐allyl) species in a process that involves allylation of the more substituted olefin and 1,2‐metalate shift of the less substituted olefin. The method constructs valuable enantioenriched tertiary allylic boronic esters with high chemoselectivity, enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Allylic functionalization reactions transform the 1,3‐stereodiad to 1,5‐ and 1,6‐stereochemical relationships.
Exploring Nanozymes for Organic Substrates: Building Nano‐organelles
Authors: Liu Xi , Gao Meng , Qin Yunlong , Xiong Zhiqiang , Zheng Huizhen , Willner Itamar , Cai Xiaoming , Li Ruibin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the discovery of the first peroxidase nanozyme (Fe3O4), numerous nanomaterials have been reported to exhibit intrinsic enzyme‐like activity toward inorganic oxygen species, such as H2O2, oxygen, and O2−. However, the exploration of nanozymes targeting organic compounds holds transformative potential in the realm of industrial synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of nanozymes that catalyze reactions involving organic substrates and discusses their catalytic mechanisms, structure‐activity relationships, and methodological paradigms for discovering new nanozymes. Additionally, we propose a forward‐looking perspective on designing nanozyme formulations to mimic subcellular organelles, such as chloroplasts, termed “nano‐organelles”. Finally, we analyze the challenges encountered in nanozyme synthesis, characterization, nano‐organelle construction and applications while suggesting directions to overcome these obstacles and enhance nanozyme research in the future. Through this review, our goal is to inspire further research efforts and catalyze advancements in the field of nanozymes, fostering new insights and opportunities in chemical synthesis.