bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Reinnervation Featuring Refined Nerve‐Muscle Pedicle Implantation Evaluated via Electromyography and Use of Coronal Images
Authors: Sanuki Tetsuji , Yumoto Eiji , Nishimoto Kohei , Kodama Narihiro , Kodama Haruka , Minoda Ryosei 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of laryngeal reinnervation via refined nerve‐muscle pedicle (NMP) flap implantation combined with arytenoid adduction to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), employing laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), coronal imaging, and phonatory function assessment.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 12 UVFP patients who underwent refined NMP implantation with arytenoid adduction. Videostroboscopy, phonatory functional analysis, LEMG, and coronal imaging were performed before and 2 years after surgery. In LEMG analysis, a 4‐point scale was employed to grade motor unit (MU) recruitment: 4+ reflected no recruitment, 3+ greatly decreased recruitment, 2+ moderately decreased recruitment, and 1+ mildly decreased activity, associated with less than the full interference pattern. Coronal images were assessed in terms of differences in thickness and the vertical positions of the vocal folds.ResultsPhonatory function improved significantly after operation in all patients. In terms of LEMG findings, the preoperative MU recruitment scores were 1+ in no patients, 2+ in 4 patients, 3+ in 1 patient, and 4+ in 7 patients. Postoperative MU recruitment results were 1+ in 6 patients, 2+ in 5 patients, 3+ in 1 patient, and 4+ in no patients. Thinning of the affected fold during phonation was evident preoperatively in 9 of 10 patients. The affected and healthy folds were equal in volume in 4 of 9 patients postoperatively.ConclusionThe LEMG findings and coronal imaging suggest that NMP implantation may have enabled successful reinnervation of the laryngeal muscles of UVFP patients.
Vibration‐ and Hyperventilation‐Induced Nystagmus in Patients with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with Vertigo
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hee , Jeong Kyung‐Hwa , Ahn Sung Hwan , Shin Dong Hyuk , Kim Yong Won , Shin Jung Eun 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to compare vibration‐induced nystagmus (VIN) and hyperventilation‐induced nystagmus (HVIN) findings in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with vertigo (RHS‐V), sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo (SSNHL‐V), and vestibular neuritis (VN) during the acute stage and to address the possible lesion sites of vestibular deficit in RHS‐V.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series study in 27 patients with SSNHL‐V, 104 patients with VN, and 17 patients with RHS‐V and evaluated the findings of VIN and HVIN tests.ResultsAn abnormal VIN was observed in 91% of the patients with VN, 89% of those with SSNHL‐V, and 94% of those with RHS‐V, and the prevalence of abnormal VIN was not significantly different (P =. 436). An abnormal HVIN was observed in 51% of the patients with VN, 22% of those with SSNHL‐V, and 59% of those with RHS‐V. While the prevalence of an abnormal HVIN was significantly different between SSNHL‐V and VN groups (P =. 007) and between SSNHL‐V and RHS‐V groups (P =. 014), that between VN and RHS‐V groups did not show a significant difference (P =. 547).ConclusionSince the results of HVIN in RHS‐V patients were more similar to those in VN patients than those in SSNHL‐V patients, a lesioned site may be more likely within the vestibular nerve than the inner ear as a cause for vestibular deficit in patients with RHS‐V who show caloric canal paresis of 25% or greater.
Gender aspects of the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Goulart Alessandra C , Santos Itamar S , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M 
Published: February 2015

Background The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and migraine is controversial and might be different in both genders. These associations were evaluated in Brazilian middle-aged men and women from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods The cross-sectional relationship between our main outcome, which was migraine headache (definite, probable and overall), and CVRF was evaluated in the total sample and according to gender. We calculated frequencies and odds ratios (95% CI) for this relationship using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses in crude, age-adjusted and multivariable models adjusted by potential confounders. Results Of 14,953 individuals who completed the data about headache and CVRF, the frequency of one-year migraine was of 29.5% (22.5% in women and 7.0% in men). In the multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, an inverse association between hypertension (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.79), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99) and definite migraine were confirmed for men, but not for women. In the opposite direction, a positive association between migraine headaches (definite, probable and overall) and dyslipidemia (overall migraine OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13–1.38) was observed only for women, but not for men. Conclusions A gender influence on the relationship between migraine and CVRF was verified in the ELSA-Brasil.
Effect of Fatty Degeneration of the Infraspinatus on the Efficacy of Arthroscopic Patch Autograft Procedure for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Mori Daisuke , Funakoshi Noboru , Yamashita Fumiharu , Wakabayashi Tsuguru 
Published: February 2015

Background: In a 2013 study involving 24 patients whose shoulders had large or massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and low-grade fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus (Goutallier stage 1 or 2), we reported significantly improved clinical results after an arthroscopic fascia lata autograft patch procedure, with a 79.2% rate of intact repairs. Based on that study, we began applying the fascia lata autograft patch procedure to shoulders with stage 3 or 4 degeneration of the supraspinatus and stage 3 or 4 degeneration of the infraspinatus. Purpose: To investigate the effects of the fascia lata autograft patch procedure on massive RCTs in shoulders with high-grade degeneration of the infraspinatus by comparing the clinical outcomes and structural features with those in shoulders with low-grade degeneration of the infraspinatus. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A case series of 45 consecutive patients with large to massive RCTs with high-grade fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus and either low-grade (group L; n = 26 [the same patients as in our previous study plus 2 additional patients]) or high-grade (group H; n = 19) fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus were treated with the fascia lata autograft patch procedure. Clinical (Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES]) scores, structural outcomes on MRI, and muscle strength were assessed at a minimum 2-year follow-up and compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients in group L had a higher frequency of intact repairs than did those in group H (73.1% vs 10.6%; P < .001), as assessed by MRI. Clinical scores, range of motion, and muscle strength ratios were improved after surgery in both groups. However, at the final follow-up, the mean Constant (78.4 in group L vs 63.9 in group H; P < .0001) and ASES (91.3 in group L vs 73.6 in group H; P < .001) scores were significantly higher in group L than in group H. Moreover, there were significant between-group differences in the mean muscle strength ratio of the affected to healthy sides for both abduction (0.68 in group L vs 0.54 in group H) and external rotation (0.67 in group L vs 0.50 in group H) for abduction at the final follow-up ( P < .0001 for both). Conclusion: The arthroscopic fascia lata autograft patch procedure was not as beneficial for massive RCTs with high-grade fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus as other treatment options that produce similar functional results.
Scientific research related to calcium channel blockers poisoning
Authors: Zyoud SH , Al-Jabi SW , Sweileh WM , Waring WS 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the most common agents associated with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. The main objective of this study was to examine the publication pattern related to CCBs poisoning at the global level using bibliometric analysis of articles published in SciVerse Scopus online database. Methods: Data were searched for documents that contained specific words regarding CCB poisoning as keywords in the title. No time period limitations were specified in the search regarding the starting year. The ending date of the search was 31 December 2012. Results: The criteria were met by 713 publications from 53 countries. The largest number of articles associated with CCBs was from the United States (30%), followed by the United Kingdom (7.4%), Japan (6%), and Germany (5.6%). No data related to CCBs were published from 159 (75%) of 212 countries registered in World Bank online database. There was no correlation between the number of published articles in the country and its population size ( r = 0.03, p > 0.926). United Kingdom and Australia were the leading countries in terms of number of CCBs publications per million inhabitants (0.83 and 0.82 articles per million inhabitants, respectively), followed by the United States (0.68). Countries with a large population, such as India, tended to rank relatively low (0.01 articles per million inhabitants). The total number of citations at the time of data analysis (23 October 2014) was 6462, with an average of 9.1 citations per document. The highest median (interquartile range) number of citations was 8 (8–18) for the United States, followed by 6 (1–21) for Australia, 5 (1–15) for the United Kingdom, and 5 (1–24) for Canada. The h-index of the retrieved documents was 37. Conclusions: Scientific production on CCBs poisoning is increasing; nonetheless, the international collaboration is still rare. The amount of CCBs-based research activity was low or not available in most countries. More regional epidemiological studies are required to bridge the gap in CCBs-based research and to promote better evaluation of CCBs poisoning worldwide.
Perinatal risk factors for future SLE: a population-based nested case-control study
Authors: Arkema E V , Simard J F 
Published: February 2015

Objective To investigate the association between perinatal characteristics and the offspring’s risk of lupus using population-based registers in Sweden. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study, identifying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases from the National Patient Register and controls sampled from the general population matched on birth year, sex, and residential county. We obtained data on the mother’s health and age during pregnancy and characteristics of labor and delivery from the Medical Birth Register (births from 1973 through 2008) for cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models overall and separately for males and females. Results We identified 774 cases and 3337 controls. Age at which SLE was first observed ranged from 0 to 36 years old. High birth weight was not a risk factor for SLE and did not differ by sex. Males had a 2.4-fold increased odds of SLE if born preterm (<37 weeks; OR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.09, 5.36). Birth order was significantly associated with SLE, particularly among females (first born vs. not OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.64, 0.94; continuous birth order OR = 1.12. 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Conclusion Being born first was associated with reduced odds of SLE and the odds of SLE increased by 12% for every additional birth. Preterm birth was associated with increased odds in males only. Unlike previous work, high birth weight was not a risk factor for SLE.
A radical psychiatrist and the law: the forensic career of Reg Ellery
Authors: Kaplan Robert M 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To explore the medico-legal work of Melbourne psychiatrist Reg Ellery. Conclusion: Ellery, a radical activist, attacked judges on the grounds that they could not be relied on to produce proper judgements or understand the social and psychiatric basis from which crime arose. Ellery’s views were strongly influenced by his support for communism, and he regarded the Soviet Union as a model society that should be emulated. Ellery paid the penalty of losing his hospital position. However, there is no evidence that this affected his medico-legal work, and he continued to assess forensic cases until the end of his career. Some of Ellery’s more interesting cases are discussed.
Improving Stock-Flow Reasoning With Verbal Formats
Authors: Fischer Helen , Degen Christina , Funke Joachim 
Published: February 2015

Background.Stock-flow (SF) problems are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from the accumulation of water in a tub to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, research on SF failure repeatedly demonstrates that people have severe difficulties understanding even the most basic SF problems. Purpose. This study tested the hypothesis that people’s understanding of SF problems depends on the presentation format used. Specifically, we expect SF failure to decrease when avoiding previously used scientific formats comprising coordinate systems and graphs, and SF problems are presented in verbal formats. Method. Participants ( N = 107) solved a range of different SF problems with experimentally varied presentation formats (verbal vs. graphic). We assessed fundamental understanding of graphs and graphical versus verbal production of stocks and in- and outflows. Results. Solution rates show that (a) SF failure is at least partially caused by specifics of the presentation format used previously; (b) fundamental misunderstandings in the construction of graphs can explain previous findings; and (c) the majority of participants arrived at the correct solution when SF problems were presented verbally. Conclusion. The present study indicates that people are able to solve SF problems when they are presented in accessible formats. This result bears implications for simulation-based learning and assessment, and for the communication of SF problems.
Influence of Fragment Size and Postoperative Joint Congruency on Long-Term Outcome of Posterior Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Drijfhout van Hooff Cornelis Christiaan , Verhage Samuel Marinus , Hoogendoorn Jochem Maarten 
Published: February 2015

Background: One of the factors contributing to long-term outcome of posterior malleolar fractures is the development of osteoarthritis. Based on biomechanical, cadaveric, and small population studies, fixation of posterior malleolar fracture fragments (PMFFs) is usually performed when fragment size exceeds 25-33%. However, the influence of fragment size on long-term clinical and radiological outcome size remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 131 patients treated for an isolated ankle fracture with involvement of the posterior malleolus was performed. Mean follow-up was 6.9 (range, 2.5-15.9) years. Patients were divided into groups depending on size of the fragment, small (<5%, n = 20), medium (5-25%, n = 86), or large (>25%, n = 25), and presence of step-off after operative treatment. We have compared functional outcome measures (AOFAS, AAOS), pain (VAS), and dorsiflexion restriction compared to the contralateral ankle and the incidence of osteoarthritis on X-ray. Results: There were no nonunions, 56% of patients had no radiographic osteoarthritis, VAS was 10 of 100, and median clinical score was 90 of 100. More osteoarthritis occurred in ankle fractures with medium and large PMFFs compared to small fragments (small 16%, medium 48%, large 54%; P = .006). Also when comparing small with medium-sized fragments ( P = .02), larger fragment size did not lead to a significantly decreased function (median AOFAS 95 vs 88, P = .16). If the PMFF size was >5%, osteoarthritis occurred more frequently when there was a postoperative step-off ≥1 mm in the tibiotalar joint surface (41% vs 61%, P = .02) (whether the posterior fragment had been fixed or not). In this group, fixing the PMFF did not influence development of osteoarthritis. However, in 42% of the cases with fixation of the fragment a postoperative step-off remained (vs 45% in the group without fixation). Conclusion: Osteoarthritis is 1 component of long-term outcome of malleolar fractures, and the results of this study demonstrate that there was more radiographic osteoarthritis in patients with medium and large posterior fragments than in those with small fragments. Radiographic osteoarthritis also occurred more frequently when postoperative step-off was 1 mm or more, whether the posterior fragment was fixed or not. However, clinical scores were not different for these groups. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with mitoxantrone for cats with mammary carcinomas treated with radical mastectomy
Authors: Cunha Simone CS , Corgozinho Katia B , Souza Heloisa JM , Silva Kássia VGC , Ferreira Ana Maria Reis 
Published: February 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease-free interval, survival time and adverse events of a combined treatment approach in cats with mammary malignant tumors using radical mastectomy and adjuvant mitoxantrone. Methods All cats underwent surgery to remove the mammary chain containing the tumors. A 3 cm margin was obtained around removed tumors. For staging purposes, regional inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed in all cases. After histopathology, cats were staged according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) staging system. Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone was started 15–30 days after surgery (6 mg/m2 IV every 21 days for four cycles) with the objective of delaying metastasis. Results Three cats were intact, one cat was early spayed, four cats were late spayed and four cats were spayed at an unknown age. Based on the WHO’s staging system, six cats were classified as stage I and six cats as stage III. The median disease-free interval and survival time were 360 and 480 days, respectively. Four (33%) cats received four doses of mitoxantrone, four (33%) cats received three doses and four (33%) cats received only one dose. The most frequent adverse effects of chemotherapy were azotemia, anorexia, leukopenia and vomiting. Conclusions and relevance Adjuvant mitoxantrone chemotherapy may be an option for feline mammary tumors. Further, sufficiently powered, randomized prospective trials are necessary to determine if mitoxantrone is superior, inferior or equivalent to doxorubicin in the adjuvant setting.
Prevalence and degree of thyroid pathology in hyperthyroid cats increases with disease duration: a cross-sectional analysis of 2096 cats referred for radioiodine therapy
Authors: Peterson Mark E , Broome Michael R , Rishniw Mark 
Published: February 2015

Objectives Hyperthyroidism is common in cats, but there are no reports that evaluate its severity or underlying thyroid tumor disease based on disease duration (ie, time from original diagnosis). The objective of this study was to compare serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations and thyroid scintigraphic characteristics of cats referred for radioiodine treatment based on disease duration. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 2096 cats with hyperthyroidism. Cats were divided into five groups based on time from diagnosis: ⩽1 year (n = 1773); >1–2 years (n = 169); >2–3 years (n = 88); >3–4 years (n = 35); and >4–6.1 years (n = 31). Methimazole, administered to 996 (47.5%) cats, was stopped at least 1 week prior to examination to allow for serum T4 testing. Each thyroid scintiscan was evaluated for pattern (unilateral, bilateral, multifocal), location (cervical, thoracic inlet, chest) and size (small, medium, large, huge) of the thyroid tumor, as well as features suggesting malignancy. Results Median serum T4 concentration increased with increasing disease duration from 100 nmol/l (⩽1 year) to 315 nmol/l (>4–6.1 years) ( P <0.001). Prevalence of unilateral thyroid disease decreased, whereas multifocal disease (three or more tumor nodules) increased ( P <0.001) with increasing disease duration. Median tumor volume in the five groups increased from 1.6 cm3 (⩽1 year) to 6.4 cm3 (>4–6.1 years). Prevalence of large (4–8 cm3) and huge (>8 cm3) thyroid tumors increased from 5.1% (⩽1 year) to 88.6% (>4–6.1 years), while the prevalence of intrathoracic tumor tissue increased from 3.4% (⩽1 year) to 32.3% (>4–6.1 years). Prevalence of suspected thyroid carcinoma (characterized by severe hyperthyroidism; huge, intrathoracic, multifocal tumors; refractory to methimazole treatment) increased with increasing disease duration from 0.4% (⩽1 year) to 19.3% (>4–6.1 years). Conclusions and relevance Our results indicate that the prevalence of severe hyperthyroidism, large thyroid tumors, multifocal disease, intrathoracic thyroid masses and suspected malignant disease all increase with disease duration in cats referred for radioiodine therapy.
What future for educational research in Europe? Political, epistemological and ethical challenges
Authors: Grimaldi Emiliano 
Published: February 2015

This article reflects on the future of European educational research (EER) and its politics of knowledge. EER is interpreted as a field of power/knowledge, where a hegemonic epistemic framework is raised that assembles an evidence-based epistemology, a ‘what works’ political rationality and a technocratic model of educational research. This implies the marginalization of the debates around the social, political and epistemological stakes of EER. The article argues for the centrality of these issues into the debate and identifies some challenges for EER. Firstly, a point is made for an aesthetics of educational research work that has criticism as its inspiring principle and combines a problematizing disposition with the practice of research as inquiry. This implies also the extensive engagement of the EER community in a democratic and open normative dialogue with all those with a stake in education. Secondly, the article identifies two related epistemological challenges: (a) the making of epistemological pluralism as a distinctive trait of EER; (b) the exploring of the potentials involved in the practising of specific epistemological ruptures that concern the reframing of time, space and difference as constitutive categories through which we understand educational reality.