bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of statistical tools in field testing of putative effects of genetically modified plants on nontarget organisms
Authors: Semenov Alexander V. , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Glandorf Debora C. M. , Schilthuizen Menno , de Boer Willem F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo fulfill existing guidelines, applicants that aim to place their genetically modified (GM) insect‐resistant crop plants on the market are required to provide data from field experiments that address the potential impacts of the GM plants on nontarget organisms (NTO's). Such data may be based on varied experimental designs. The recent EFSA guidance document for environmental risk assessment (2010) does not provide clear and structured suggestions that address the statistics of field trials on effects on NTO's. This review examines existing practices in GM plant field testing such as the way of randomization, replication, and pseudoreplication. Emphasis is placed on the importance of design features used for the field trials in which effects on NTO's are assessed. The importance of statistical power and the positive and negative aspects of various statistical models are discussed. Equivalence and difference testing are compared, and the importance of checking the distribution of experimental data is stressed to decide on the selection of the proper statistical model. While for continuous data (e.g.,pHand temperature) classical statistical approaches – for example, analysis of variance (ANOVA) – are appropriate, for discontinuous data (counts) only generalized linear models (GLM) are shown to be efficient. There is no golden rule as to which statistical test is the most appropriate for any experimental situation. In particular, in experiments in which block designs are used and covariates play a role GLMs should be used. Generic advice is offered that will help in both the setting up of field testing and the interpretation and data analysis of the data obtained in this testing. The combination of decision trees and a checklist for field trials, which are provided, will help in the interpretation of the statistical analyses of field trials and to assess whether such analyses were correctly applied.
Adaptive Capacity: Tensions across Scales
Authors: Hill Margot , Engle Nathan L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTClimate variability and climate change impacts on hydrological conditions prescribe the need to better understand favourable conditions for developing and mobilising adaptive capacity. This paper presents new cases to the body of evidence on adaptive capacity in the context of institutional arrangements for water management. It aims to contribute insights into the challenges of developing approaches across governance scales for dealing with climate variability and climate change impacts. The different case studies explored in this article represent an exploration of the challenges across temporal and spatial scales in relation to the adaptive capacity of water governance to hydro‐climatic stresses. The studies use a suite of governance related indicators to explore adaptive capacity in relation to past extreme hydrological events. Analysis is based on qualitative open ended interviews and questionnaires. Results indicate that tensions persist in developing proactive capacity and mobilising reactive capacity at different scales of governance to different scales of change. Findings support the increasing recognition in the literature for top down and bottom up approaches to be better balanced in efforts to improve resilience to climate variability and change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Models of Representation and Participation in Model Forests: Dilemmas and Implications for Networked Forms of Environmental Governance Involving Indigenous People
Authors: Klenk Nicole Lisa , Reed Maureen G. , Lidestav Gun , Carlsson Julia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOur study of two Model Forests illustrates the complex nature of representation in governance networks, in which different traditions of governance, persistent political disagreement and historical adversaries work together to achieve some goal. Using Pitkin's (1967) models of representation, we examined the role of social practices in giving meaning to representation in two model forests in Canada and in Sweden. Two normative models of representation (e.g., trustee and delegate) guided our interpretation of the enactment of representation in the two model forests mainly by highlighting how such models may be culturally biased–resulting in dilemmas of governance for actors that do not ascribe such meanings to representation. These insights led to a greater appreciation for the significance of politics in the enactment of representation, especially with regards to the political aspirations that motivate participatory and deliberative environmental governance. Our analysis suggests that the legitimacy and effectiveness of natural resource and environmental governance networks are affected by the rules structuring participation and deliberation, which are substantiated in social practices of representation in these networks. Our work further suggests that the analysis of representation in network forms of governance cannot be separated from an analysis of the politics of competing interests, especially whose interests are advanced and how these interests are given voice in steering environmental governance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of virgin olive oil to improve the process efficiency
Authors: Clodoveo Maria Lisa , Durante Viviana , La Notte Domenico , Punzi Rossana , Gambacorta Giuseppe 
Published: June 2013

Malaxation is a basic step in the mechanical olive oil extraction process that may affect yield, quality, and health properties of virgin olive oil (VOO). The operative conditions of malaxation, such as temperature and time, are fundamental to favor the oil coalescence process and, consequently, the duration of the VOO extraction process. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction process efficiency by using an ultrasound treatment of olive paste before the malaxation step. The ultrasonic treatment was applied to Coratina and Peranzana, which are two of the most popular Southern Italian olive varieties characterized by extremely different technological performance. Different times of ultrasound treatments were tested (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min) and free acidity, peroxide value, K232, K270, sensory analysis, tocopherols, total carotenoids, chlorophyll, and total polyphenols were determined. Results showed that the ultrasound treatment caused a quick heating of the olive paste as a function of the ultrasound treatment time. Times of treatment of 8 and 10 min allowed the reduction of the malaxation phase from 60 to about 40 min. The ultrasound technique improved antioxidant content in both VVOs, except for polyphenols that decreased. However, the reduction of polyphenol concentration in Coratina VOO improved its taste by reducing the bitter and pungent notes, which are not always accepted by consumers.Practical applications: In this study we propose an innovative application of ultrasound in VOO processing. Ultrasound treatment was applied to olive paste before malaxation in order to increase the process efficiency by reducing the malaxation step. Further, this strategy makes it possible to reduce the number of kneaders, thus reducing the plant costs. The resulting VOO after the ultrasound treatment presents a more harmonic taste and an appealing and desirable color when applied to a variety notoriously characterized by strong bitter and pungent notes such as Coratina, making the oil more attractive for consumers with respect to the traditional ones.
Synthesis of Cyclic Peptidotriazoles with Activity Against Phytopathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Güell Imma , Vilà Sílvia , Micaló Lluís , Badosa Esther , Montesinos Emilio , Planas Marta , Feliu Lidia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCyclic peptidotriazoles derived from the antimicrobial cyclic peptide c(Lys‐Lys‐Leu‐Lys‐Lys‐Phe‐Lys‐Lys‐Leu‐Gln) (BPC194) were prepared by incorporating a triazolyl amino acid at the 3‐position. The synthesis was accomplished on solid‐phase and involved as the key step a copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between a resin‐bound alkyne or a resin‐bound azide and a range of azides or alkynes in solution, respectively. This methodology was also applied to the synthesis of a conjugated peptide containing a cyclic and a linear peptidyl sequence linked through a triazolyl ring. Cyclic peptidotriazoles were obtained in excellent purities starting either from an alkynyl or an azido peptidyl resin. These compounds were screened in vitro for their growth inhibition of bacterial phytopathogens and for their cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells. Peptide sequences with high antibacterial activity and low hemolysis were identified, constituting good candidates for the design of new antimicrobial agents.
Isocyanide Cyclization Reactions: 4‐Methylene‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazine, 3‐Benzyl‐4‐methylene‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolines and 3‐(4‐Benzyl)‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ones – Experiment and Theory
Authors: Neue Benedikt , Reiermann Ralph , Fröhlich Roland , Wibbeling Birgit , Bergander Klaus , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: June 2013

Abstract2‐Isocyanoacetophenone (3a) was found to be an easily accessible starting material for the unexpected formation of various heterocyclic systems. Thus, a hitherto unknown rather unstable 4‐methylene‐4H‐benzoxazine derivative 4, which could be characterized by NMR spectroscopy, was formed in situ by the reaction of 3a in the presence of weak acids. In the presence of benzylamines, a new class of 3,4‐dihydroquinazoline derivatives 6 and their oxidation products, quinazolin‐4‐ones 9, were obtained. The starting materials and products were completely characterized by spectroscopic and X‐ray analysis. The scope and limitations of these cyclization reactions were investigated under various reaction conditions. High‐level quantum chemical calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanisms leading to scaffolds 4 and 6. The calculations suggest that the formation of 4 and 6 involves the generation of an unusual six‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbene or its C‐protonated form as a reaction intermediate, followed by tautomerisation. This mechanism might also be applicable to other isocyanide cyclization reactions.
Tandem Ring‐Closing/Cross‐Metathesis Approach for the Synthesis of Synargentolide B and Its Stereoisomers
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Shankaraiah Kontham , Yadav Jhillu S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe stereoselective syntheses of synargentolide B and its three stereoisomers have been accomplished from L‐(+)‐ and D‐(–)‐diethyl tartrates, D‐ribose, and D‐mannitol as chiral pool starting materials. The key step was a tandem ring‐closing/cross‐metathesis reaction in which lactone formation and fragment coupling were accomplished in one pot. The spectroscopic data of synthetic product 2c were in agreement with those reported for the natural product. Synargentolide B isolated by Rivett et al. and the compound isolated by Pereda‐Miranda et al. are not diastereomers, but rather they are identical.
Retro‐Diels–Alder Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[2,1‐a]isoindole Enantiomers
Authors: Miklós Ferenc , Tóth Zita , Hänninen Mikko M. , Sillanpää Reijo , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA simple protocol was introduced to prepare several enantiomerically pure heterocycles by using (–)‐(1R,2R,3S,4S)‐3‐aminonorbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid as a chiral auxiliary. The protocol is based on a domino ring‐closure reaction, in which the relative configuration of the new asymmetric center is controlled by the stereochemistry of the amino acid, followed by a microwave‐induced retro‐Diels–Alder reaction.
Identifying New Zealand, Southeast Australia, and Southwest Pacific historical weather data sources using Ian Nicholson's Log of Logs
Authors: Chappell Petra R. , Lorrey Andrew M. 
Published: June 2013

Historical meteorological data are essential for increasing the level of understanding about past, present, and future climates. In the Northern Hemisphere, a significant amount of research has been dedicated to rescuing climate data from historical sources such as ship logbooks (e.g. RECLAIM, CLIWOC, and ICOADS). However, limited research in this field has focused on New Zealand, Southeast Australia, and the Southwest Pacific. Because these regions were colonized recently by Europeans (~200 years ago), only 50–100 years of land‐based meteorological data exist for many locations. However, meteorological information contained in ship logbooks may extend and reinforce the existing historical climate record for these regions. The Log of Logs is a catalogue of ships that visited Australia, New Zealand, and surrounding waters in the
th and 20th centuries of the Common Era. These volumes provide a record of the location of ship logbooks. This study extracted information from the Log of Logs for New Zealand, Southeast Australia, and the Southwest Pacific for 1786–1900. The purpose of this was to locate ship logbooks that may contain meteorological data. The next stage of this project is to gather, image, digitize, and to analyse the data from the prioritized logbooks. These data have application for local climate reconstruction, extension of regional circulation indices, and augmentation of the extended reanalysis without radiosondes effort.
The ozone hole indirect effect: Cloud‐radiative anomalies accompanying the poleward shift of the eddy‐driven jet in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Tselioudis George , Wu Yutian , Zelinka Mark D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study quantifies the response of the clouds and the radiative budget of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) to the poleward shift in the tropospheric circulation induced by the development of the Antarctic ozone hole. Single forcing climate model integrations, in which only stratospheric ozone depletion is specified, indicate that (1) high‐level and midlevel clouds closely follow the poleward shift in the SH midlatitude jet and that (2) low‐level clouds decrease across most of the Southern Ocean. Similar cloud anomalies are found in satellite observations during periods when the jet is anomalously poleward. The hemispheric annual mean radiation response to the cloud anomalies is calculated to be approximately +0.25 W m−2, arising largely from the reduction of the total cloud fraction at SH midlatitudes during austral summer. While these dynamically induced cloud and radiation anomalies are considerable and are supported by observational evidence, quantitative uncertainties remain from model biases in mean‐state cloud‐radiative processes.
THE IMPACT OF MENTAL AND SUBSTANCE‐USE DISORDERS ON EMPLOYMENT TRANSITIONS
Authors: Baldwin Marjorie L. , Marcus Steven C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe cyclic nature of serious mental illness (SMI) and substance‐use disorders (SUD) suggests that persons with these conditions may experience high rates of transitions among employment states (full‐time, part‐time, and no employment). This study uses longitudinal data from two waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcoholism and Related Conditions to examine employment transitions for persons with SMI/SUD relative to a no‐disorder control group. Conditional on employment status in Wave I, we estimate conditional odds ratios and marginal effects of each diagnosis on the probabilities of part‐time or full‐time employment in Wave II, holding constant other characteristics that influence employment decisions.The results show transitions across employment states are common for all groups but more frequent for persons with SMI/SUD than the controls. Persons with SMI are less likely, and persons with SUDs more likely, to transition out of no employment than the controls. Part‐time employment is a relatively transitory state, particularly for persons with SMI/SUD, but full‐time employment brings a measure of job stability to all groups. After controlling for differences in observable characteristics, the marginal effects of SMI and alcohol disorders on employment transitions are largely significant, but the effects of drug disorders are not. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEMIPARAMETRIC MODELING OF AGE‐SPECIFIC VARIATIONS IN INCOME RELATED HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Authors: Siegel Martin , Mosler Karl 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA Gini‐type concentration index is combined with semiparametric estimation techniques to derive a varying inequality index that works without a priori sample stratification. The new approach is used to investigate the question how income inequalities and income‐related gradients in the distribution of health vary across age groups. With health data from the 2005 survey of the German microcensus, it is demonstrated that significant inequalities to the detriment of the deprived evolve in early mid‐life and reach their maximum around the age for retirement. Some leveling is found for the elderly. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CXC motif ligand 12 as a novel diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Chung Soo Young , Park Eon Sub , Park So Yeon , Song Joo‐Yeon , Ryu Han Suk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe subjected chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) to immunohistochemistry to determine its utility as a novel diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in comparison to cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Hector Battifora mesothelial epitope‐1 (HBME‐1), and galectin‐3.MethodsWe analyzed the expressions of CXCL12, CK19, HBME‐1, and galectin‐3 using immunohistochemical staining in 258 cases of thyroid lesions (196 PTCs and 62 thyroid lesions excluding PTC).ResultsRemarkably, CXCL12 expression was exclusively found in PTC compared to other thyroid lesions (90.8% vs 3.2%; p < .001). In total, 91.1% (62 of 68) of the variant PTCs and 90.6% of conventional type (116 of 128) were associated with CXCL12 immunohistochemical expression, irrespective of the histological subtype. In contrast, very few of the thyroid lesions, excluding PTC, were positive for CXCL12 (2 of 62; 3.2%). Diagnostic performances for PTCs were as follows: sensitivity, 90.8%; specificity, 96.8%; positive predictive value, 98.9%; negative predictive value, 76.9%; and diagnostic accuracy, 92.2%.ConclusionOur findings indicate that CXCL12 might serve as an effective novel supplementary diagnostic marker for PTC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1005–1012, 2014
Venous malformations of the head and neck: A diagnostic approach and a proposed management approach based on clinical, radiological, and histopathology findings
Authors: Aboelatta Yasser Abdallah , Nagy Eman , Shaker Mohamed , Massoud Karim Samir 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is no easy road map for venous malformations (VMs) of the head and neck according to which treatment modality can be chosen. The purpose of this study was to identify different types of VMs of the head and neck based on clinical, histopathology, MRI, and venography findings that help in specification of different treatment modalities.MethodsSixty‐nine patients with VMs of the head and neck were included in this study.Results and ConclusionOur results proposed a diagnostic approach for VMs of the head and neck. MRI, venography, and clinical examination had important impact in decision‐making, whereas histopathology had no impact. A management approach has been suggested for each type and its subtypes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1052–1057, 2014
Continuous intra‐arterial chemotherapy for downstaging locally advanced oral commissure carcinoma
Authors: Wu Chih‐Fung , Chang Kao‐Ping , Huang Chih‐Jen , Chen Chun‐Ming , Chen Ching‐Yi , Steve Lin Chen‐Lung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness, safety, and efficacy of intra‐arterial (IA) infusion chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced oral commissure cancer.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with stages III and IV squamous cell carcinoma involving the mouth angle were recruited. Methotrexate (MTX; 50 mg/day) was continuously infused into the external carotid artery for a mean period of 8 days, followed by weekly IA bolus of 25 mg MTX for a mean period of 10 weeks.ResultsThirteen patients (62%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 7 patients (33%) had a partial response (PR). At a median follow‐up of 69 months, the estimated 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates of the patients with CR versus PR were 100% versus 57%, 92% versus 43%, and 80% versus 43%, respectively.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that continuous IA chemotherapy could achieve a competitive acceptable survival rate and improved locoregional control of advanced oral commissure cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1027–1033, 2014
Association between metformin use and improved survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sandulache Vlad C. , Hamblin John S. , Skinner Heath D. , Kubik Mark W. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Zevallos Jose P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMetformin use has been linked to improved cancer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of metformin on the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 205 patients with a diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).ResultsPatients taking metformin presented with more early‐stage tumors (T1 and T2) and less regional metastasis (N0; 81% metformin+ vs 50% metformin‐) compared to patients with diabetes not taking metformin. At last follow‐up, 76% of patients taking metformin were alive, compared to 41% for diabetics not on metformin and 51% for nondiabetics. Metformin users demonstrated increased disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with nonmetformin users and nondiabetics.ConclusionPatients with diabetes taking metformin present with earlier stage disease and have more favorable clinical outcomes when compared to their diabetic counterparts and nondiabetics. Combined with previously published retrospective studies, our results suggest that prospective clinical trials evaluating the role of metformin in head and neck cancer are warranted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1039–1043, 2014
New 9,10‐Secosteroids from Biotransformations of Hyodeoxycholic Acid with Rhodococcus spp.
Authors: Costa Stefania , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Fantin Giancarlo , Medici Alessandro , Pedrini Paola 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe biotransformations of hyodeoxycholic acid with various Rhodococcus spp. are reported. Some strains (i.e., Rhodococcus zopfii, Rhodococcus ruber, and Rhodococcus aetherivorans) are able to partially degrade the side chain at C(17) to afford 6α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐23,24‐dinor‐5β‐cholan‐22‐oic acid (2; 23%) and 6α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐23,24‐dinorchol‐1,4‐dien‐22‐oic acid (3; 23–30%), together with two new 9,10‐secosteroids 4 and 5 (10–45%), still bearing the partial side chain at C(17) and adopting an intramolecular hemiacetal form. In addition, the 9,10‐secosteroid 5 showed an unprecedented C(4)‐hydroxylation. The new secosteroids were fully characterized by MS, IR, NMR, and 2D‐NMR analyses.