bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast, One‐Step In Situ Synthesis of a Hierarchical Sn4+‐Doped TiNb2O7 Nanosphere as a High‐Performance Anode Material
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Zhuijun , Amzil Said , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Lin Long , Ji Qing , Liang Suzhe , Zhu Jin , Duan Jingkuan , Zheng Tianle , Xia Yonggao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTitanium niobium oxide (TNO) exhibits great potential as a lithium‐ion battery anode due to its high capacity, minimal volume change during cycling, and safe good operation characteristic enabled from its voltage profile. However, its intrinsically low electronic and ionic conductivity hinders its potential for practical applications. This work proposes a facile coprecipitation method to address these limitations by incorporating a nano‐macro structure and in situ Sn ion doping into bulk TNO. This approach ensures homogeneous integration of TNO precursors and the Sn dopant at a molecular level within the co‐precipitation nanoparticles. Additionally, the use of low toxicity solvents facilitate scalability of the synthesis process. Excellent rate capability, high reversible capacities, and good capacity retention are achieved simultaneously due to synergistic effects of the bulk doping, which expands the crystal volume and enhances Li+ diffusion, combined with abundant surface area of the nano‐macro structures. The specific capacity of Sn‐doped TNO nanospheres remains at 180 mAh/g at a high current density of 40 C (1 C=400 mA g−1), which is nearly four times higher than that of undoped samples. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry analysis at various scanning rates reveals an increased Li+ diffusion rate in Sn doped titanium niobium dioxide.
Epitaxy of GaSe Coupled to Graphene: From In Situ Band Engineering to Photon Sensing
Authors: Bradford Jonathan , Dewes Benjamin T. , Shiffa Mustaqeem , Cottam Nathan D. , Rahman Kazi , Cheng Tin S. , Novikov Sergei V. , Makarovsky Oleg , O'Shea James N. , Beton Peter H. , Lara‐Avila Samuel , Harknett Jordan , Greenaway Mark T. , Patanè Amalia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D semiconductors can drive advances in quantum science and technologies. However, they should be free of any contamination; also, the crystallographic ordering and coupling of adjacent layers and their electronic properties should be well‐controlled, tunable, and scalable. Here, these challenges are addressed by a new approach, which combines molecular beam epitaxy and in situ band engineering in ultra‐high vacuum of semiconducting gallium selenide (GaSe) on graphene. In situ studies by electron diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that atomically‐thin layers of GaSe align in the layer plane with the underlying lattice of graphene. The GaSe/graphene heterostructure, referred to as 2semgraphene, features a centrosymmetric (group symmetry D3d) polymorph of GaSe, a charge dipole at the GaSe/graphene interface, and a band structure tunable by the layer thickness. The newly‐developed, scalable 2semgraphene is used in optical sensors that exploit the photoactive GaSe layer and the built‐in potential at its interface with the graphene channel. This proof of concept has the potential for further advances and device architectures that exploit 2semgraphene as a functional building block.
A critical interval in blastoid evolution: the respiratory transition and palaeogeographic dispersion of the spiraculate blastoids in the Devonian
Authors: Bohatý Jan , Macurda D. Bradford , Waters Johnny A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlastoids underwent a revolution in respiration in the Devonian. Emsian blastoid faunas were dominated by fissiculates such as Pentremitidea, giving rise to a transitional spiraculate, Conuloblastus. Hyperoblastus and a mosaic of spiraculates followed; they featured a more advanced respiratory system and were dominant until the Permian. This diversification occurred just prior to or during the Stony Point and Kačák Events, major ecological disruptions of marine ecosystems. Most new spiraculate blastoids were endemic and short lived, but Hyperoblastus survived the major extinction events, lasting into the Famennian. Material from Germany, Spain and North America enables us to trace the diversification of the spiraculates during the Devonian. We erect the new family Conuloblastidae, including Hreggoblastus differentialis gen. et sp. nov.; also Altusoblastus (type species Pentatrematites eifeliensis) with new species A. eremitus, A. palliolatus, A. sp. 1 and A. sp. 2 in the Hyperoblastidae. Pentremitidea roemeri and Hyperoblastus schultzei are assigned to Altusoblastus. Hyperoblastus batheri is declared the type species of Absensoblastus gen. nov.; H. ludwigi sp. nov. is assigned to Hyperoblastus. Pentahedronoblastus gen. nov. (type species P. giesdorfensis sp. nov.) is described. The fissiculate nymphaeoblastid genus Pentremitella (including P. osoleae and ?P. sp. 1) is redescibed. We recognize the eleutherozoic Freisoblastus gen. nov. (type species F. hemisphaericus sp. nov.), Dissimiloblastus gen. nov. (type species D. inequalis sp. nov.) and non‐eleutherozoic Lotusoblastus gen. nov. (type species Pentremitidea medusa) (order and family incertae sedis). We recognize 13 American species of Hyperoblastus.
Value co‐creation mechanism for AI‐based enterprises with systems thinking: Case study of Baidu
Authors: Su Huishuang , Du Xiaoyan , Chen Yong , Tian Shuo , Ma Qiang , Zhong Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow to realize value co‐creation is a challenge for artificial intelligence (AI)‐based enterprises. From the perspective of systems thinking, this paper conducts a case study on Baidu to explore the mechanism for Ai‐based enterprises to realize value co‐creation. The results indicate that value co‐creation of AI companies goes through a dynamic iteration of three stages: start‐up, growth, and maturity. Based on the finding, this paper proposes a model for AI‐based enterprises to realize value co‐creation with stakeholders under the interaction of innovation resilience and value proposition, as well as the combined effect of digital‐intelligence empowerment, resource‐focused action, and network embedding. Findings in this study not only fill the gap in existing literature but also provide insights for AI‐based enterprises to realize sustainable development.
A Novel Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion Gels Fabricated by Starch Nanocrystals and Bovine Serum Albumin Complexes
Authors: Chen Ziwen , Liu Hang , Zeng Chaoxi , Li Qingming , Xia Huiping , Zhang Zhirenyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, novel high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) (φoil = 0.8) are successfully stabilized using 0.5% w/v starch nanocrystals (SNCs) and 0.05% w/v bull serum albumin (BSA) complex. For this purpose, the SNCs are made hydrophobic through modifications with different concentrations of BSA (0–0.5%) before being used for synthesizing stable HIPEs. The dispersion solutions show that composite particles are better at stabilizing emulsions when the BSA concentration is at least 0.05% w/v. Similarly, the inner gel texture in HIPEs can be easily formed using SNCs‐BSA complexes at mere concentration of 0.5% w/v and 0.05% w/v, respectively. The stability of emulsions increases with increasing BSA concentration. Besides, mixing the composite particles to yield HIPEs can also be applied in more complicated outer environments due to its excellent gel properties over a wider range of pH value. These show that a novel and stable Pickering high internal phase emulsion gel can be potentially formed by adjusting proportion of BSA coated in SNCs. The food‐grade and environmental‐friendly SNCs‐BSA composite particles are ideal for sustainable development around the world, and therefore, this study can provide insights into their applications for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, 3D printing, and other fields.
Energy dependence of x‐ray beam size produced by polycapillary x‐ray optics
Authors: Das Anusheela , Heirwegh Chris M. , Gao Ning , Elam William T. , Wade Lawrence A. , Clark Benton C. , Hurowitz Joel A. , VanBommel Scott J. , Jones Michael W. M. , Allwood Abigail C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we studied the x‐ray energy dependence of x‐ray beam diameter focused by polycapillary optics. A quantitative beam diameter–energy relation enables more accurate estimation of the element‐specific interrogation area of a sample using the compositional maps produced by a micro‐XRF system. This improves upon our ability to visualize individual beam‐diameter sized mineral grains and in turn directly benefits Planetary Instrument for X‐ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) analyses of martian soil in addition to benefitting other micro‐focused x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) systems. The spatial distribution of an array of characteristic XRF emission lines was measured by sampling via a knife‐edge approach with small motor stepping of the beam across target edges. Data taken as part of this effort, from the Planetary Flight Model (PFM), were limited to only seven beam energies corresponding to the elements Ni, Cu, Se, Ta, Au, Ti and Ba. Hence, we conducted additional analysis using JPL's lab‐based breadboard (LBB) micro‐XRF system, a system that emulates PIXL's functionality where we measured beam diameter corresponding to 18 elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Sr and Mo. The experimental results were also compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The beam diameter (y)–energy (x) relation that we obtained for LBB was y = 185.79 exp(−0.078x) whose exponential component was then used to get a more accurate relation for the PFM even with the limited data set: y = 227.53 exp(−0.078x). The difference in the two coefficients for the PFM and LBB stems mainly from the difference in the polycapillary optic design, and this work establishes x‐ray beam diameter versus energy relation quantitatively for both the systems.
Eigenvalue Statistics for GinOE and Elliptic GinOE
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor GinUE matrices the (complex) Schur decomposition underpinned our ability to compute the eigenvalue PDF. This has a real analogue, although it is necessary to condition on the number of real eigenvalues. Consequently, the eigenvalue PDF is no longer absolutely continuous, but rather breaks up into sectors depending on the number of real eigenvalues. Nonetheless, as for real symmetric GOE matrices, structures giving rise to a Pfaffian point process result, the further development of which requires identifying particular skew-orthogonal polynomials. Questions relating to the distribution of real eigenvalues have a rich content, the development of which is facilitated by the identification of a simpler determinantal structure for the generating function, which permits the establishment of a local central limit theorem.
Gelingens- und Hindernisfaktoren bei der Implementierung von Gesundheitsförderung in Kitas und Grundschulen anhand von 4 ausgewählten Projekten
Authors: Scheffler Anna , Klocker Laura , Puls Angelika , Hummers Eva , Demmer Iris 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheitsförderung (GF) ist eine komplexe, politisch geforderte Aufgabe. Die Implementierungsgüte korreliert mit der Wirksamkeit von GF. Sie erfolgreich zu implementieren, erfordert die Beachtung von Kontextbedingungen, was in Wirksamkeitsstudien eher unterbleibt. Ziel ist es, Gelingens- und Hindernisfaktoren für die Implementierung von GF in Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulen anhand von 4 Projekten (Fit fürs Leben, fit für pisa +, Buchprojekt Sonnige Traurigtage und The Daily Mile) in der Gesundheitsregion Göttingen/Südniedersachsen zu identifizieren. Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie werden als implementierungsrelevant für diese Projekte angenommen.

Methoden
In 24 semistrukturierten Interviews und 2 Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden im Zeitraum 08/2021–03/2022 hauptsächlich Lehrer*innen und Erzieher*innen zur Umsetzung der Projekte in ihren Tätigkeitsbereichen befragt. Nach Transkription wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Das Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research unterstützte die Analyse.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 22 Faktorengruppen identifiziert, auf deren Basis 22 Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung von GF formuliert wurden. Im Vordergrund standen Gelingensfaktoren auf der Individuen- und Interventionsebene. Die COVID-19-Pandemie wirkte sich positiv auf den Stellenwert der GF aus, obgleich ihre Umsetzbarkeit erschwert war.

Diskussion
Zahlreiche Ergebnisse zur Implementierung von GF in kindlichen Lebenswelten konnten durch die Studie bestätigt werden. Auffällig ist der hohe Stellenwert der Individuenfaktoren, was sich auf die Befragung projektnaher Interviewpersonen zurückführen lassen könnte. Die Studienergebnisse tragen zur Weiterentwicklung von Implementierungsstrategien in der GF bei.
Correlation of Digital Rectal Examination and Anorectal Manometry with Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Women with Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Markland Alayne , Ackenbom Mary , Andy Uduak , Carper Ben , Jelovsek Eric , Luchristt Douglas , Menefee Shawn , Rogers Rebecca , Sung Vivian , Mazloomdoost Donna , Gantz Maria ,   for the NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
Standardized digital rectal examination (DRE) correlates with anorectal manometry (ARM) measures. However, less is known about the relationship between DRE/ARM measures and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), especially among women with fecal incontinence (FI). Our aims were to evaluate associations between DRE and ARM measures and compare PROs with diagnostic evaluation measures for women with FI.

Methods
We analyzed data from the parent clinical trial, Controlling Anal incontinence by Performing Anal exercises with Biofeedback or Loperamide (CAPABLe). We pooled data from randomized women who completed standardized ARM, DRE, and validated PROs at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks post-treatment initiation. PROs included FI severity, impact on quality of life, and bowel diary data. We analyzed ARM pressure and volume data and DRE using the Digital Rectal Examination Scoring System (DRESS) resting and squeeze mean scores. We used Spearman Rank Correlation to measure associations between the ARM measures and mean DRESS scores, and between PROs and ARM/DRESS scores.

Results
Among 291 randomized women with ARM and DRE data, the correlation between DRESS and ARM resting measures was 0.196 (p<0.001) and between squeeze measures was 0.247 (p<0.001). At most timepoints, PROs more consistently correlated with squeeze ARM pressures and squeeze DRESS scores than resting measures.

Conclusions
We found weak correlations between ARM and DRE measures and between those measures and PROs. Although DRE and ARM are commonly used diagnostic measures among women with FI, the weak correlations with patient-reported symptoms raises questions about their utility in clinical care.
Commercially available carrageenans show broad variation in their structure, composition, and functionality
Authors: Hale Julia , Gerhäuser Julian , Gaukel Volker , Wefers Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarrageenans are polysaccharides from red algae which are widely used as food additives and in other applications. Their structure is often described by different disaccharide repeating units, although it was already demonstrated that reality is more complex. In many studies, commercial carrageenans were used to establish structure function relationships, but a structural and compositional analysis was rarely conducted. Therefore, the aim of our study was to systematically and comprehensively characterize a broad collection of commercial carrageenans with different specifications from different manufacturers. For a more detailed characterization, an analytical approach based on partial enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with HPLC–MS and HPSEC-RI was developed and applied. Furthermore, rheology was used to gain detailed insights into the functionality of selected samples. Our results demonstrate that significant structural variation can be observed for commercial carrageenans. The samples contained different cations and the carrageenan type specified by the manufacturer did not always represent the structure of the corresponding polysaccharides. This was especially true for λ-carrageenans: Of the six commercial samples analyzed, none contained structural elements from the λ-type. Instead, the corresponding carrageenans contained κ-, ι- and ν-units. The application of the developed enzymatic-chromatographic approach showed that different hybrid carrageenans are present. In addition, the rheological analysis of the commercial carrageenan samples showed clear differences in the gelling properties upon calcium addition which could influence their behavior in different applications. Our results demonstrate that before an investigation of structure–function relationships, commercial carrageenan samples should be analyzed for their structure and composition. We also showed that the enzymatic-chromatographic approach described in this study is well suited for this purpose.
Quantitative MRI in children with Crohn’s disease – where do we stand?
Authors: Debnath Pradipta , Dillman Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the ileum and colon. This disease is characterized by recurrent bouts of intestinal inflammation with subsequent bowel wall damage, including scarring (i.e., fibrosis) and abnormal smooth muscle proliferation. MR enterography, an MRI examination tailored to assess the small bowel, is a first-line diagnostic tool for diagnosing CD in children, characterization and monitoring of disease severity and extent, and assessment of disease-related complications. To date, such MRI evaluations have been mostly qualitative, which can adversely impact diagnostic performance and inter-radiologist agreement. Quantitative MRI methods have been shown to aid in the evaluation of a variety of medical conditions and have been increasingly investigated in children and adults with CD. In CD, such objective techniques have been used to assist with diagnosis, assess treatment response, and characterize bowel wall histologic abnormalities. In the current work, we will review quantitative MRI methods for detecting and measuring intestinal active inflammation (MRI-based scoring systems, T1 relaxation mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging, intra-voxel incoherent motion, mesenteric phase contrast), bowel wall damage (magnetization transfer), and motility (quantitative cine imaging) in small bowel CD, with an emphasis on the pediatric population.
Graphical Abstract
Clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Kudo Wataru , Terui Keita , Furugane Ryoya , Takenouchi Ayako , Komatsu Shugo , Kawaguchi Yunosuke , Nishimura Katsuhiro , Katsumi Daisuke , Hishiki Tomoro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To elucidate the clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors (NTs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study and analyzed the z-scores for height, body weight, body mass index, and skeletal muscle index (HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z) along with the clinical characteristics of 36 children with NTs. SMI-z was calculated from 138 computed tomography scans at diagnosis, during treatment, and at follow-up. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification was used to identify high-risk groups. We analyzed the data at diagnosis for prognostic analysis and changes over time after diagnosis in the HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z groups.

Results
Among the four parameters at diagnosis, only SMI-z predicted overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.99). SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time after diagnosis (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.11). In surviving high-risk NT cases without disease, SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.43).

Conclusion
In children with NT, the SMI-z at diagnosis was a significant prognostic factor and decreased during treatment and follow-up along with HT-z and BW-z. Monitoring muscle mass is important because sarcopenia may be associated with growth impairment.
Pulsating electromagnetic fields for perineal lacerations and surgical wounds healing in the postpartum: a pilot study
Authors: Carbone Ilma Floriana , Gigli Francesca Maria Paola , Rossi Gabriele , Romagnoli Valentina , Gallicola Benedetta , Sandi Flavia , Esposito Giovanna , Ferrazzi Enrico Mario 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our study was to assess the possible benefits of Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance (TMR) in the treatment of spontaneous perineal lacerations and episiotomies in the postpartum.

Methods
We performed a prospective, non-pharmacologic, non-profit, monocentric interventional study on women who had a spontaneous laceration and/or an episiotomy at delivery. The TMR device treatment was accepted by 52 women, while 120 women underwent standard care. Patients were visited 1 day postpartum, before starting the treatment; then a follow-up visit was performed at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 3 months after delivery. The main endpoint was the time required for complete healing of the laceration and/or the episiotomy. Secondary endpoints were the prevalence of dehiscence, infections, urinary discomfort, urinary leakage, and the quality of restoration of sexual function.

Results
In the treatment group the REEDA score was significantly better both at 3- and 5-weeks postpartum follow-up. At 3 weeks and 5 weeks postpartum, we observed a significantly better outcome in the treatment group for all subjective complaints and perineal complications associated with lacerations and episiotomies. The percentage of patients who scored above the cutoff for sexual dysfunction was significantly better in the treatment group (83.3%) than in the control group (31.8%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
With this pilot study, we introduced low dose Pulsating Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) as a novel conservative and not pharmacological approach to reduce complications of perineal lesions. Our results demonstrated to significantly improve perineal wound healing and to ameliorate the sexual function in the postpartum.