bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting of 111In-Labeled Dendritic Cell Human Vaccines Improved by Reducing Number of Cells
Authors: Aarntzen Erik H.J.G. , Srinivas Mangala , Bonetto Fernando , Cruz Luis J. , Verdijk Pauline , Schreibelt Gerty , van de Rakt Mandy , Lesterhuis W. Joost , van Riel Maichel , Punt Cornelius J.A. , Adema Gosse J. , Heerschap Arend , Figdor Carl G. , Oyen Wim J. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Anticancer dendritic cell (DC) vaccines require the DCs to relocate to lymph nodes (LN) to trigger immune responses. However, these migration rates are typically very poor. Improving the targeting of ex vivo generated DCs to LNs might increase vaccine efficacy and reduce costs. We investigated DC migration in vivo in humans under different conditions.
Experimental Design: HLA-A*02:01 patients with melanoma were vaccinated with mature DCs loaded with tyrosinase and gp100 peptides together with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NCT00243594). For this study, patients received an additional intradermal vaccination with 111In-labeled mature DCs. The injection site was pretreated with nonloaded, activated DCs, TNFα, or Imiquimod; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was coinjected or smaller numbers of DCs were injected. Migration was measured by scintigraphy and compared with an intrapatient control vaccination. In an ex vivo tissue model, we measured CCL21-directed migration of 19F-labeled DCs over a period of up to 12 hours using 19F MRI to supplement our patient data.
Results: Pretreatment of the injection site induced local inflammatory reactions but did not improve migration rates. Both in vitro and in vivo, reduction of cell numbers to 5 × 106 or less cells per injection improved migration. Furthermore, scintigraphy is insufficient to study migration of such small numbers of 111In-labeled DCs in vivo.
Conclusion: Reduction of cell density, not pretreatment of the injection site, is crucial for improved migration of DCs to LNs in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1525–33. ©2013 AACR.
Facelift Approach for Parotidectomy: An Evolving Aesthetic Technique
Authors: Grover Nancy , D'Souza Alwyn 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the modified facelift incision for parotidectomy and to identify the scope and safety of this approach, along with cosmetic outcomes. Where available, a direct comparison was made with Blair's incision (BI).Data SourcesMedline, PubMed, Cochrane, and CINHAL databases for English‐language studies published between 1960 and 2011 on the facelift approach for parotidectomy.Review MethodsExclusion criteria were studies reporting on concurrent facelift, studies that used synthetic material for reconstruction of the surgical bed, descriptive studies, and studies with duplicate patient data. Outcome measures were candidacy for surgery, variations in incision, cosmetic outcomes, surgical time, complication rates, and limitations.ResultsOf the initial 139 studies, 11 studies encompassing 628 patients were included. Male‐to‐female ratio was 0.49:1, and average age was 47.1 years. In total, 582 surgeries were performed for benign lesions. Only 10 studies specified the extent of surgery: 8 authors used it for performing superficial/partial parotidectomy, and 2 described 17 cases of total parotidectomy. Tumors up to 8 cm have been excised, with a median value of 4 cm. Operative time, formally analyzed in 3 studies, was not significantly different when compared with BI. Complication rates were not increased with this approach. Aesthetic outcomes pertaining to postoperative scar were good, as reported by the patients.ConclusionThe facelift approach is a cosmetically superior approach to parotid tumors as proven by objective data. Most publications in the literature pertaining to the modified facelift incision for parotidectomy have been in the past decade, lending credence to its rising popularity.
An Algorithm Approach to Diagnosing Bilateral Parotid Enlargement
Authors: Chen Si , Paul Benjamin C. , Myssiorek David 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThis contemporary review aims to categorize the disease entities that cause bilateral parotid enlargement and to develop a question‐based algorithm to improve diagnosis of bilateral parotid masses.Data SourcesA PubMed search for bilateral and parotid showed 818 results. Of these, 68 relevant studies were reviewed to compile a list of disease processes that can cause bilateral parotid enlargement.Review MethodsA total of 22 diseases entities were reviewed. The disease processes were initially grouped into 6 categories based on etiology: sialadenosis, infection, neoplasm, autoimmune, iatrogenic, and miscellaneous. For each lesion, the incidence, history, and physical examination were compiled in a matrix.ConclusionAfter reviewing the matrix, it was clear that grouping diseases based on specific history and physical findings limits the differential diagnosis. The most important factors included disease incidence, timing of onset, nodular or diffuse, pain, and overlying skin changes. With this algorithm, the differential diagnosis can be limited from 28 to 7 or fewer likely diagnoses for a given presentation.Implications for PracticeBilateral parotid disease has a wide differential diagnosis with an expanding number of available tests. An algorithm, based solely on data obtained from the history and physical examination in the first patient encounter, may reduce the differential and aid the clinician in deciding on further workup and treatment. Following the algorithm presented here should allow the clinician to arrive at a diagnosis rapidly without ordering unnecessary tests and wasting resources.
Impact of the intensity of microemboli on neurocognitive outcome following cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Doganci S , Gunaydin S , Kocak O Murat , Yilmaz S , Demirkilic U 
Published: February 2013

Background: This study aimed to determine whether there was any association between the intensity of intraoperative gaseous microembolic signals (GME), neuropsychological testing and clinical outcome in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery surgery (CABG). Methods: Over a 6-month period, GME activity was monitored in 102 Euroscore 6+ patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a conventional 32-micron arterial filter by non-invasive, real-time ultrasonic device. Cognitive tests; line bisection, the Stroop test, finger tapping, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were performed at baseline, postoperative one week and postoperative one month. Results: The distribution of GME activity showed that there were three groups of patients: >500 total emboli (n = 38); 250 to 500 emboli (n = 30) and <250 emboli (n = 34) at a detection level of 2% of the circuit diameter on the arterial side. Line bisection, the Stroop test and finger tapping were impaired significantly in >500 emboli patients versus control (<250 emboli) in postoperative week one, but resolved in one month. Conclusions: Correlation between intraoperative GME intensity and neurocognitive tests suggests that the level of GME might have a role in determining the psychological outcome after CABG with CPB.
Match Injuries in English Youth Academy and Schools Rugby Union
Authors: Palmer-Green Deborah S. , Stokes Keith A. , Fuller Colin W. , England Michael , Kemp Simon P.T. , Trewartha Grant 
Published: February 2013

Background: Numerous injury epidemiology studies have reported injury patterns in senior rugby union, but investigations in youth rugby are limited. Purpose: To describe the nature of injuries resulting from match play within the English youth rugby union, including a comparison between 2 levels of play within the same age group: professional academy versus school rugby. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A 2-season (2006-2007 and 2007-2008) study obtained information on injuries sustained in male youth rugby union players (age, 16-18 years) from 12 English Premiership academies (n = 250) and 7 schools (n = 222). Match exposure (player-hours) and injury details were recorded. Results: Match injury incidence was 47 per 1000 player-hours for the academy and 35 per 1000 player-hours for the school groups; these rates were statistically different ( P = .026). The most common injury site was the lower limb and the most common injury type was a ligament sprain, with injuries to the knee and shoulder region resulting in the greatest burden of injury for both groups. The tackle event was the most common cause of match injury for both academy (51% of injuries) and school (57% of injuries) groups. Conclusion: Overall, the incidence of injury for youth rugby was lower than for previous studies in senior rugby, but injury patterns (location, type) and causes were similar. The study confirmed that match injury incidence was significantly greater in elite academy youth rugby union than schools rugby. The results suggest that the specific focus for injury risk management in youth rugby should be on players’ tackle technique and prevention strategies for knee and shoulder injuries.
Accuracy of Citation and Quotation in Foot and Ankle Surgery Journals
Authors: Luo Ma , Li Charles Chuan , Molina Domingo , Andersen Clark R. , Panchbhavi Vinod K. 
Published: February 2013

Background: A recent review of technical editing of research suggests that over one third of references cited in articles in medical journals have some inaccuracies and one fifth of quotations to references in these articles are not accurate. Methods: Two hundred and forty-nine citation references and 408 quotes from 25 articles published in 5 orthopaedic journals were randomly selected to determine referencing accuracy. The presence of citation errors was examined by 1 of the authors while the presence of quotation errors was determined by 2 of the authors. Full copies of articles as well as the references were obtained to compare the accuracies. Results: The total citation error rate was 41% (103 out of 249 references), and the total quotation error rate was 20% (80 out of 408 quotes) for the 5 orthopaedic journals. Conclusion: Citation and quotation errors were still relatively common in orthopaedic journals. While we did not identify any factors associated with citation and quotation errors, the use of technical editing may reduce the amount of citation errors. Clinical Relevance: Readers and authors should be aware that many citations of studies are inaccurate and one should review the original source if it is to be used in another publication or to guide clinical treatment.
Rapid activation receptor– or IL-2–induced lytic granule convergence in human natural killer cells requires Src, but not downstream signaling
Authors: James Ashley Mentlik , Hsu Hsiang-Ting , Dongre Prachi , Uzel Gulbu , Mace Emily M. , Banerjee Pinaki P. , Orange Jordan S. 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsSrc signals are required for specific receptor and cytokine activation–induced rapid reorientation of lytic granules to the MTOC in NK cells.
Circulatory hepcidin is associated with the anti-inflammatory response but not with iron or anemic status in childhood malaria
Authors: Burté Florence , Brown Biobele J. , Orimadegun Adebola E. , Ajetunmobi Wasiu A. , Afolabi Nathaniel K. , Akinkunmi Francis , Kowobari Olayinka , Omokhodion Samuel , Osinusi Kikelomo , Akinbami Felix O. , Shokunbi Wuraola A. , Sodeinde Olugbemiro , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Hepcidin rises more dramatically in mild malaria than in severe malaria. Hepcidin levels are linked to inflammation, not anemia, in severe malarial anemia and cerebral malaria.
Glutamate 83 and arginine 85 of helix H3 bend are key residues for FtsZ polymerization, GTPase activity and cellular viability of Escherichia coli: lateral mutations affect FtsZ polymerization and E. coliviability
Authors: Shin Jae Yen , Vollmer Waldemar , Lagos Rosalba , Monasterio Octavio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
FtsZ is an essential cell division protein, which localizes at the middle of the bacterial cell to mediate cytokinesis. In vitro, FtsZ polymerizes and induces GTPase activity through longitudinal interactions to form the protofilaments, whilst lateral interactions result within formation of bundles. The interactions that participate in the protofilaments are similar to its eukaryotic homologue tubulin and are well characterized; however, lateral interactions between the inter protofilaments are less defined. FtsZ forms double protofilaments in vitro, though the key elements on the interface of the inter-protofilaments remain unclear as well as the structures involved in the lateral interactions in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that the highly conserved negative charge of glutamate 83 and the positive charge of arginine 85 located in the helix H3 bend of FtsZ are required for in vitro FtsZ lateral and longitudinal interactions, respectively and for in vivo cell division.

Results
The effect of mutation on the widely conserved glutamate-83 and arginine-85 residues located in the helix H3 (present in most of the tubulin family) was evaluated by in vitro and in situ experiments. The morphology of the cells expressing Escherichia coli FtsZ (E83Q) mutant at 42°C formed filamented cells while those expressing FtsZ(R85Q) formed shorter filamented cells. In situ immunofluorescence experiments showed that the FtsZ(E83Q) mutant formed rings within the filamented cells whereas those formed by the FtsZ(R85Q) mutant were less defined. The expression of the mutant proteins diminished cell viability as follows: wild type > E83Q > R85Q. In vitro, both, R85Q and E83Q reduced the rate of FtsZ polymerization (WT > E83Q >> R85Q) and GTPase activity (WT > E83Q >> R85Q). R85Q protein polymerized into shorter filaments compared to WT and E83Q, with a GTPase lag period that was inversely proportional to the protein concentration. In the presence of ZipA, R85Q GTPase activity increased two fold, but no bundles were formed suggesting that lateral interactions were affected.

Conclusions
We found that glutamate 83 and arginine 85 located in the bend of helix H3 at the lateral face are required for the protofilament lateral interaction and also affects the inter-protofilament lateral interactions that ultimately play a role in the functional localization of the FtsZ ring at the cell division site.
Differential neutrophil gene expression in early bovine pregnancy
Authors: Kizaki Keiichiro , Shichijo-Kizaki Ayumi , Furusawa Tadashi , Takahashi Toru , Hosoe Misa , Hashizume Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
In food production animals, especially cattle, the diagnosis of gestation is important because the timing of gestation directly affects the running of farms. Various methods have been used to detect gestation, but none of them are ideal because of problems with the timing of detection or the accuracy, simplicity, or cost of the method. A new method for detecting gestation, which involves assessing interferon-tau (IFNT)-stimulated gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), was recently proposed. PBL fractionation methods were used to examine whether the expression profiles of various PBL populations could be used as reliable diagnostic markers of bovine gestation.

Methods
PBL were collected on days 0 (just before artificial insemination), 7, 14, 17, 21, and 28 of gestation. The gene expression levels of the PBL were assessed with microarray analysis and/or quantitative real-time reverse transcription (q) PCR. PBL fractions were collected by flow cytometry or density gradient cell separation using Histopaque 1083 or Ficoll-Conray solutions. The expression levels of four IFNT-stimulated genes, interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG15), myxovirus-resistance (MX) 1 and 2, and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS1), were then analyzed in each fraction through day 28 of gestation using qPCR.

Results
Microarray analysis detected 72 and 28 genes in whole PBL that were significantly higher on days 14 and 21 of gestation, respectively, than on day 0. The upregulated genes included IFNT-stimulated genes. The expression levels of these genes increased with the progression of gestation until day 21. In flow cytometry experiments, on day 14 the expression levels of all of the genes were significantly higher in the granulocyte fraction than in the other fractions. Their expression gradually decreased through day 28 of gestation. Strong correlations were observed between the expression levels of the four genes in the granulocyte fractions obtained with flow cytometry and with density gradient separation.

Conclusions
The expression profiles of ISG15, MX1, MX2, and OAS1 could be a useful diagnostic biomarker of bovine gestation. Assessing the expression levels of these genes in a granulocyte fraction obtained with density gradient separation is a practical way of detecting gestation in cows within three weeks of insemination.
EphB2 signaling regulates lesion-induced axon sprouting but not critical period length in the postnatal auditory brainstem
Authors: Nakamura Paul A , Cramer Karina S 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Studies of developmental plasticity may provide insight into plasticity during adulthood, when neural circuitry is less responsive to losses or changes in input. In the mammalian auditory brainstem, globular bushy cell axons of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) innervate the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) principal neurons. VCN axonal terminations in MNTB, known as calyces of Held, are very large and specialized for high-fidelity transmission of auditory information. Following unilateral deafferentation during postnatal development, VCN axons from the intact side form connections with novel targets, including the ipsilateral MNTB. EphB signaling has been shown to play a role in this process during the first postnatal week, but mechanisms involved in this reorganization during later developmental periods remain unknown.

Results
We found that EphB2 signaling reduces the number of induced ipsilateral projections to the MNTB after unilateral VCN removal at postnatal day seven (P7), but not after removal of the VCN on one side at P10, after the closure of the critical period for lesion-induced innervation of the ipsilateral MNTB.

Conclusions
Results from this study indicate that molecular mechanisms involved in the development of circuitry may also play a part in rewiring after deafferentation during development, but do not appear to regulate the length of critical periods for plasticity.
Analysis of kinetoplast cytochrome b gene of 16 Leishmania isolates from different foci of China: different species of Leishmania in China and their phylogenetic inference
Authors: Yang Bin-Bin , Chen Da-Li , Chen Jian-Ping , Liao Lin , Hu Xiao-Su , Xu Jia-Nan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background

Leishmania species belong to the family Trypanosomatidae and cause leishmaniasis, a geographically widespread disease that infects humans and other vertebrates. This disease remains endemic in China. Due to the large geographic area and complex ecological environment, the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationship of Chinese Leishmania isolates remain uncertain. A recent internal transcribed spacer 1 and cytochrome oxidase II phylogeny of Chinese Leishmania isolates has challenged some aspects of their traditional taxonomy as well as cladistics hypotheses of their phylogeny. The current study was designed to provide further disease background and sequence analysis.

Methods
We systematically analyzed 50 cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequences of 19 isolates (16 from China, 3 from other countries) sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a special primer for cyt b as well as 31 sequences downloaded from GenBank. After alignment, the data were analyzed using the maximum parsimony, Bayesian and netwok methods.

Results
Sequences of six haplotypes representing 10 Chinese isolates formed a monophyletic group and clustered with Leishmania tarentolae. The isolates GS1, GS7, XJ771 of this study from China clustered with other isolates of Leishmania donovani complex. The isolate JS1 was a sister to Leishmania tropica, which represented an L. tropica complex instead of clustering with L. donovani complex or with the other 10 Chinese isolates. The isolates KXG-2 and GS-GER20 formed a monophyletic group with Leishmania turanica from central Asia. In the different phylogenetic trees, all of the Chinese isolates occurred in at least four groups regardless of geographic distribution.

Conclusions
The undescribed Leishmania species of China, which are clearly causative agents of canine leishmaniasis and human visceral leishmaniasis and are related to Sauroleishmania, may have evolved from a common ancestral parasite that came from the Americas and may have split off earlier than the other old world Leishmania. Our results also suggest the following: the isolates GS7, GS1 and XJ771 occur as part of the L. donovani complex; the JS1 isolate is L. tropica; and the isolate GS-GER20 identified as Leishmania gerbilli is close to KXG-2 which is L. turanica.
Exogenous application of hydrogen sulfide donor attenuates inflammatory reactions through the L-selectin-involved pathway in the cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction
Authors: Shimizu Kazuhiro , Ogawa Fumihide , Hara Toshihide , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Muroi Eiji , Yanaba Koichi , Akiyama Yuichiro , Yamaoka Toshifumi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
H2S donor attenuates inflammatory responses through the L-selectin involved pathway, in the cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction.
H2S has been highlighted recently as an endogenous, gaseous signaling molecule, especially in inflammations. The deposition of IC induces an acute inflammatory response with tissue injury. To assess the roles of H2S in the IC-induced diseases, the cutaneous, reverse passive Arthus reaction was conducted using NaHS as a H2S donor. Furthermore, we conducted similar experiments using selectin−/− mice to determine the involvement of selectin molecules in the H2S-mediated pathway. Exogenous application of NaHS dramatically attenuated inflammatory reactions in WT mice associated with Arthus reaction. Namely, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and neutrophil numbers were reduced significantly in the lesional skins of NaHS-treated WT mice relative to untreated ones. NaHS treatment significantly reduced these three parameters in the lesional skins of E- and P-selectin−/− mice but not in those of L-selectin−/− mice. Quite similar results were obtained in the blocking study using WT mice injected with mAb to E-, P-, and L-selectin. Our results indicated that the exogenous application of NaHS attenuates inflammatory responses in reverse passive Arthus reaction through a L-selectin-involved pathway but not through E- or P-selectin pathways.
A Minimal Implementation of the AMBER-PAICS Interface for Ab Initio FMO-QM/MM-MD Simulation
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Ishikawa Takeshi , Koyano Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Norifumi , Kuwata Kazuo , Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
For the purpose of providing a realistic description of the reaction mechanisms in large molecular systems, we propose a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method combined with the ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, i.e., the ab initio FMO-QM/MM method. By connecting a molecular dynamics (MD) program AMBER with an FMO program PAICS, we have implemented an AMBER-PAICS interface (AP-IF). Using the AP-IF, we demonstrate three example applications: (a) a hydrogen fluoride and water molecular clusters, (b) an alanine dipeptide in aqueous solution, and (c) a prion protein–GN8 complex. From these results, it is confirmed that the FMO-QM/MM method offers a good compromise between chemical accuracy and computational cost and enables us to obtain in ab initio quality the inter- and intramolecular interaction energies between molecules or residues in large molecular systems such as solution and biomolecule, by using the dynamics-based interfragment interaction energy (IFIE) analysis.