bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Reassortant Human-Like H3N2 and H3N1 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs Are Virulent and Antigenically Distinct from Swine Viruses Endemic to the United States
Authors: Rajão Daniela S. , Gauger Phillip C. , Anderson Tavis K. , Lewis Nicola S. , Abente Eugenio J. , Killian Mary Lea , Perez Daniel R. , Sutton Troy C. , Zhang Jianqiang , Vincent Amy L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Human-like swine H3 influenza A viruses (IAV) were detected by the USDA surveillance system. We characterized two novel swine human-like H3N2 and H3N1 viruses with hemagglutinin (HA) genes similar to those in human seasonal H3 strains and internal genes closely related to those of 2009 H1N1 pandemic viruses. The H3N2 neuraminidase (NA) was of the contemporary human N2 lineage, while the H3N1 NA was of the classical swine N1 lineage. Both viruses were antigenically distant from swine H3 viruses that circulate in the United States and from swine vaccine strains and also showed antigenic drift from human seasonal H3N2 viruses. Their pathogenicity and transmission in pigs were compared to those of a human H3N2 virus with a common HA ancestry. Both swine human-like H3 viruses efficiently infected pigs and were transmitted to indirect contacts, whereas the human H3N2 virus did so much less efficiently. To evaluate the role of genes from the swine isolates in their pathogenesis, reverse genetics-generated reassortants between the swine human-like H3N1 virus and the seasonal human H3N2 virus were tested in pigs. The contribution of the gene segments to virulence was complex, with the swine HA and internal genes showing effects
in vivo
. The experimental infections indicate that these novel H3 viruses are virulent and can sustain onward transmission in pigs, and the naturally occurring mutations in the HA were associated with antigenic divergence from H3 IAV from humans and swine. Consequently, these viruses could have a significant impact on the swine industry if they were to cause more widespread outbreaks, and the potential risk of these emerging swine IAV to humans should be considered.

IMPORTANCE
Pigs are important hosts in the evolution of influenza A viruses (IAV). Human-to-swine transmissions of IAV have resulted in the circulation of reassortant viruses containing human-origin genes in pigs, greatly contributing to the diversity of IAV in swine worldwide. New human-like H3N2 and H3N1 viruses that contain a mix of human and swine gene segments were recently detected by the USDA surveillance system. The human-like viruses efficiently infected pigs and resulted in onward airborne transmission, likely due to the multiple changes identified between human and swine H3 viruses. The human-like swine viruses are distinct from contemporary U.S. H3 swine viruses and from the strains used in swine vaccines, which could have a significant impact on the swine industry due to a lack of population immunity. Additionally, public health experts should consider an appropriate assessment of the risk of these emerging swine H3 viruses for the human population.
Knockout of cGAS and STING Rescues Virus Infection of Plasmid DNA-Transfected Cells
Authors: Langereis Martijn A. , Rabouw Huib H. , Holwerda Melle , Visser Linda J. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
It is well known that plasmid DNA transfection, prior to virus infection, negatively affects infection efficiency. Here, we show that cytosolic plasmid DNA activates the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the induction of an antiviral state of the cells. Using a transient one-plasmid clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, we generated cGAS/STING-knockout cells and show that these cells can be infected after plasmid DNA transfection as efficiently as nontransfected cells.
Conflict-of-interest disclosure at medical journals in Japan: a nationwide survey of the practices of journal secretariats
Authors: Kojima Takako , Green Joseph , Barron J Patrick 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesMedical journals in Japan generally have appropriate policies regarding disclosure of conflicts of interest (COI). However, COI management depends on the staff members of each journal's editorial secretariat. This study's objectives were to find out (A) whether COI disclosure and the journal's role in it are clearly understood by the journal’s secretariat staff, (B) how much experience the editorial secretariat has in actually handling issues related to disclosure and (C) what kind of help or support they need.Setting and designIn January 2014, questionnaires were sent to the editorial secretariats of journal-publishing societies belonging to the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences (JAMS).ParticipantsThe response rate was 100%, and the respondents represented 121 journals published by the 118 JAMS member societies (at the time of the survey).Primary and secondary outcome measuresInformation was collected on the history of COI policies and on how those policies were implemented. At the end of the questionnaire, there was an open-ended call for comments.ResultsCompulsory COI disclosure began between 2010 and 2013 for 60.3% of the journals (73/121). Handling of COI issues was not uniform: 17.4% (21/121) of respondents do not pursue cases of dubious disclosure, and 47.9% (58/121) do not require COI disclosures from editorial board members. Very few of the editorial secretariats had clearly-stated consequences for violations of COI-disclosure policy (33/121, 27.3%), and only 28.9% offered COI education (35/121). Respondents’ comments indicated that uniform, easily-searchable guidance regarding COI policies and implementation would be welcome.ConclusionsAlthough commitment is widespread, policy implementation is inconsistent and COI experience is lacking. Clear, easy-to-use guidelines are desired by many societies. The JAMS is to be commended for supporting this country-wide investigation; other countries and regions are encouraged to perform similar investigations to respond to needs regarding COI management.
Evaluation of an evidence based quality improvement innovation for patients with musculoskeletal low back pain in an accident and emergency setting
Authors: Potier Tara , Tims Emily , Kilbride Cherry , Rantell Khadija 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe conducted a five stage pilot study which initially consisted of a review of 75 case notes of people attending an emergency department (ED) in an inner London Teaching Hospital with musculoskeletal (MSK) low back pain (LBP). This review highlighted inconsistencies in how they were assessed and managed across and within different staff groups. We found patient documentation was often incomplete and that a biomedical model approach to the management of these patients was common.As a result, four further stages in the project were conducted. Our primary aim was to evaluate the impact of implementing a locally developed quality improvement intervention for the assessment and treatment of MSK LBP in this ED. Secondary aims were to explore the user experience of the new pathway, measured by the patient experience questionnaire (PEQ), and any associated health economic costs of changes in practice. The quality improvement intervention consisted of an evidence based low back pain pathway (EBLBPP), a staff educational program, and a patient education booklet.We undertook a retrospective baseline audit of 100 clinical records of patients was undertaken prior to the instigation of the quality improvement intervention, and four months post implementation. The pre-defined variables of interest were: documentation of the case history, examination, classification of back pain (and if correct), prescribed management and if the documentation was compliant with medico-legal standards. All patients in the study were sent a PEQ to complete and return in a self-addressed envelope. Estimated health costs associated with each patient episode of care were calculated including re-attendance episodes for any people presenting with MSK LBP within a four week period.There was a significant improvement in all areas evaluated post implementation in all groups (simple, referred and simple, referred and serious spinal pathology combined). In particular; screening for red flags (22%) and biopsychosocial factors (29%), as well as noting the prevalence of previous symptoms (44%), observation of the painful area (57%), and analysis classification (59%) at a at 95% confidence interval (CI). In terms of management, an increase in adherence to the analgesic ladder, patients receiving reassurance and appropriate referral back to their GP’s increased 45%, 23% and 44% at 95% CI respectively. Unfortunately, there was insufficient data to draw any meaningful conclusions from the patient experience data due to a low response rate.In conclusion, the introduction of the EBLBPP, patient education leaflet and teaching training for staff involved in the treatment of MSK LBP patients has improved the quality and consistency of the documented assessment and subsequent management of MSK LBP patients.
Ventricular arrhythmia storm in the era of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Authors: Looi Khang-Li , Tang Anthony , Agarwal Sharad 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
In the era of widespread use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for both primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death, a significant proportion of patients experience episodes of multiple ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation over a short period of time requiring device interventions. The episodes are termed ventricular arrhythmia (VA) or electrical storms. VA storm is a tragic experience for patients, with many psychological consequences. Current management for VA storms remains complex. Acutely, administration of β-blockers, amiodarone and sedation or intubation is generally required to suppress sympathetic tone. Interventional treatment includes catheter ablation and sympathetic blockade by left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Strategies to modify autonomic tone to suppress VAs are the rationale of various novel interventions that have been published in recent studies. All patients with VA storm should be considered for transfer to an experienced high-volume tertiary centre for evaluation and treatment to prevent further recurrence of VA storm.
Theoretical investigations of the g factors of orthorhombic Cu2+ site in oxycarbonate phase YBa2Cu2.95(CO3)0.35O6.6
Authors: Xu Yong-Qiang , Wu Shao-Yi , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Dong Hui-Ning 
Published: August 2015

The [Formula: see text] factors of orthorhombic [Formula: see text] site in oxycarbonate phase [Formula: see text] are theoretically investigated using the perturbation formulas of the [Formula: see text] factors for an orthorhombically elongated [Formula: see text] cluster. This pseudo-octahedral [Formula: see text] center is formed by two apical oxygen ligands and four coplanar oxygen ions belonging to the respective four neighboring carbonate groups. The [Formula: see text] cluster is found to suffer the relative axial elongation of about 0.04 Å and the perpendicular bond length variation of about 0.12 Å due to the Jahn–Teller effect. The theoretical [Formula: see text] factors based on the local structural parameters show good agreement with the experimental data.
CONSEQUENCES OF MULTIPLE ALLEE EFFECT IN AN OPEN ACCESS FISHERY MODEL
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-OLIVARES EDUARDO , FLORES JOSÉ D. 
Published: August 2015

This work deals with the dynamics of a bioeconomic continuous time model, where the combined action of the fishing effort exerted by men (as a predator) and multiple Allee effect or depensation on the growth rate of a self-regenerating resource (the prey) are considered. It has been recently established that a depensation phenomenon appears by diverse causes and new functions have been proposed to describe multiple Allee effects. One of these formalizations is here incorporated in the well-known Smith's model, one of the simplest models to open access fisheries. We prove that this new and complex expression is topologically equivalent to a simpler form. Then, we postulate that the parsimony principle must be used to describe this phenomenon. It is also shown that in the phase plane of biomass-effort on the proposed model, the origin is an attractor equilibrium for all parameters values as a consequence of the Allee effect. Moreover, there is a subset of the parameter values, for which two limit cycles exist surrounding the unique positive equilibrium point of the system, one of them being asymptotically stable (the non damped oscillatory tragedy of the commons); hence, multiestability exists, particularly three-stability.
Prevalence, Long-term Development, and Predictors of Psychosocial Consequences of False-Positive Mammography among Women Attending Population-Based Screening
Authors: Bolejko Anetta , Hagell Peter , Wann-Hansson Christine , Zackrisson Sophia 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Cancer screening aims to detect cancer at an asymptomatic stage, although side effects from screening also occur. We investigated the prevalence, longitudinal development, and predictors of psychosocial consequences of false-positive breast cancer screening.
Methods: Three hundred ninety-nine women with false-positive screening mammography responded to the Consequences of Screening–Breast Cancer (COS-BC) questionnaire immediately after a negative diagnosis (free from breast cancer) following recall examination(s) (baseline), and 6 and 12 months later. Age-matched controls (n = 499) with a negative mammogram responded to the COS-BC at the same occasions. Five COS-BC scales (Sense of dejection, Anxiety, Behavioral, Sleep, and Existential values) were used as outcome measures.
Results: Women with false-positive mammography had consistently higher prevalence of all five consequences compared with controls (P &lt; 0.001). The prevalences decreased between baseline and 6 months (P &lt; 0.001) but were stable between 6 and 12 months (P ≥ 0.136). Early recall profoundly predicted long-term consequences for all five outcomes (OR, 3.05–10.31), along with dissatisfaction with information at recall (OR, 2.28–2.56), being foreign-born (OR, 2.35–3.71), and lack of social support (OR, 1.13–1.25).
Conclusion: This 1-year longitudinal study shows that women experience psychosocial consequences of false-positive screening mammography. Early recall should be performed cautiously, and provision of information as well as social support may reduce psychosocial consequences.
Impact: Although delivery of population-based screening reduces breast cancer mortality, it also raises the issue of its impact on the psychosocial well-being of healthy women. Our findings identify predictors that can be targeted in future efforts to reduce the side effects of mammographic screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(9); 1388–97. ©2015 AACR.
Endothelial-specific deficiency of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C promotes vessel normalisation in proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Ameln Anne Klotzsche-von , Korovina Irina , Sprott David , Samus Maryna , Gercken Bettina , Troullinaki Maria , Grossklaus Sylvia , Funk Richard H. , Li Xuri , Imhof Beat A. , Orlova Valeria V. , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Economopoulou Matina , Avramovic Nemanja 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn proliferative retinopathies, like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the hypoxia response is sustained by the failure of the retina to revascularise its ischaemic areas. Non-resolving retina ischaemia/hypoxia results in upregulation of proangiogenic factors and pathologic neovascularisation with ectopic, fragile neovessels. Promoting revascularisation of the retinal avascular area could interfere with this vicious cycle and lead to vessel normalisation. Here, we examined the function of endothelial junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) in the context of ROP. Endothelial-specific JAM-C-deficient (EC-JAM-C KO) mice and littermate JAM-C-proficient (EC-JAM-C WT) mice were subjected to the ROP model. An increase in total retinal vascularisation was found at p17 owing to endothelial JAM-C deficiency, which was the result of enhanced revascularisation and vessel normalisation, thereby leading to significantly reduced avascular area in EC-JAM-C KO mice. In contrast, pathologic neovessel formation was not affected by endothelial JAM-C deficiency. Consistent with improved vessel normalisation, tip cell formation at the interface between vascular and avascular area was higher in EC-JAM-C KO mice, as compared to their littermate controls. Consistently, JAM-C inactivation in endothelial cells resulted in increased spreading on fibronectin and enhanced sprouting in vitro in a manner dependent on β1-integrin and on the activation of the small GTPase RAP1. Together, endothelial deletion of JAM-C promoted endothelial cell sprouting, and consequently vessel normalisation and revascularisation of the hypoxic retina without altering pathologic neovascularisation. Thus, targeting endothelial JAM-C may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting revascularisation and vessel normalisation in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
Targeted intracellular accumulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the reperfused heart mediates cardioprotection
Authors: Pohl Julia , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike R. , Rammos Christos , Luedike Peter , Mull Elena , Stoppe Christian , Jülicher Karen , Lue Hongqi , Merx Marc , Kelm Malte , Bernhagen Jürgen , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: August 2015

SummaryS-nitrosation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to be cytoprotective in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Since the exact mechanism of action is unknown, we here characterise the cardioprotective effects of targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in myocardial I/R injury. We used different in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models of myocardial I/R and hypoxia/reoxyge-nation (H/R) injury to determine MIF levels by immunoblots and ELISA in different phases of reperfusion and reoxygenation, respectively. We discovered a rapid decrease of cardiac MIF that was specific to the early phase of reperfusion. Posttranslational modification of MIF via S-nitrosation – proofed by a modified version of the Biotin Switch Assay – prevented this rapid decrease, leading to a targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in the early phase of reperfusion. Intracellular MIF accumulation preserved the intracellular ability of MIF to reduce oxidative stress as shown by hydrogen peroxide and aconitase activity measurements. Infarct size measurements by TTC staining showed an overall enhanced cardioprotective effect of this protein by reduction of reperfusion injury. In summary, we have unravelled a novel mechanism of MIF-mediated cardioprotection. Targeted intra-cellular accumulation of MIF by S-nitrosation may offer a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of myocardial I/R-injury.
ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO COMPARATIVO DA EFICÁCIA ENTRE PROTÓTIPOS FÍSICO, ANALÍTICO 2D E 3D NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE INCONSISTÊNCIAS DE PROJETOS
Authors: Pereira Lucas Melchiori , Saffaro Fernanda Aranha , Hirota Ercilia Hitomi , Saito Celso 
Published: August 2015

O protótipo é um recurso valioso ao processo de desenvolvimento de um produto (PDP), pois permite melhorar tanto o conhecimento e o desempenho do produto como a confiabilidade acerca do produto e dos processos relacionados a seu desenvolvimento e produção. Particularmente na indústria do ambiente construído, o desenvolvimento de protótipos físicos apresenta algumas restrições inerentes ao caráter único de seu produto. Entende-se que a prototipagem física de apartamentos tipo, atualmente utilizada para resolução de inconsistências de projeto, pode ser aproveitada com mais eficácia na melhoria dos processos produtivos em canteiro de obra desde que aquelas inconsistências, que são o foco atual, sejam mitigadas com a incorporação da prototipagem virtual ao PDP do ambiente construído. Esta incoporação é atualmente viável a partir de ferramentas BIM. O objetivo neste artigo é discutir a capacidade das prototipagens física focada, analítica 3D e 2D para identificar inconsistências nos projetos executivos, com base nos resultados obtidos em um estudo exploratório que confronta o desempenho desses protótipos. Neste estudo foram compostas equipes distintas para o desenvolvimento das 3 tipologias de protótipos e foram definidos critérios para avaliação da eficácia dos mesmos na detecção de inconsistências. Os resultados apontam os benefícios da modelagem BIM em termos de eficácia, custos e prazo.
Characterization of the Left-Sided Substrate in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Berte Benjamin , Denis Arnaud , Amraoui Sana , Yamashita Seigo , Komatsu Yuki , Pillois Xavier , Sacher Frédéric , Mahida Saagar , Wielandts Jean-Yves , Sellal Jean-Marc , Frontera Antonio , Al Jefairi Nora , Derval Nicolas , Montaudon Michel , Laurent François , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre , Cochet Hubert 
Published: August 2015

Background—
The correlates of left ventricular (LV) substrate in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy are largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-two patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (47±14 years; 6 women) were included. RV and LV dysplasia were defined from multidetector computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Arrhythmias were characterized as right-sided or left-sided on 12-lead ECG recordings at baseline and during isoproterenol testing. In 14 patients, the imaging substrate was compared with voltage mapping and local abnormal ventricular activity. Imaging abnormalities were found in 32 (100%) and 21 (66%) patients on the RV and LV, respectively, intramyocardial fat on multidetector computed tomography being the most sensitive feature. LV involvement related to none of the Task Force criteria. Right-sided arrhythmias were more frequent than left-sided arrhythmias (
P
=0.003) although the latter were more frequent in case of LV involvement (
P
=0.02). The agreement between low voltage and fat on multidetector computed tomography was high on the RV when using either endocardial unipolar or epicardial bipolar data (κ=0.82 and κ=0.78, respectively) but lower on the LV (κ=0.54 for epicardial bipolar). LV local abnormal ventricular activity was found in all patients with LV involvement, and none of the others. The density of local abnormal ventricular activity within fat areas was similar between the RV and LV (
P
=0.57).

Conclusions—
LV substrate is frequent in arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy, but poorly identified by current diagnostic strategies. Left-sided arrhythmias are more frequent in case of LV involvement. LV fat hosts the same density of local abnormal ventricular activity as RV fat, but is less efficiently detected by voltage mapping. These results support the need for alternative diagnostic strategies to identify LV dysplasia.