bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Characteristic Geometrical Parameters for the Design of Pillow‐Plate Heat Exchangers
Authors: Piper Mark , Olenberg Alexander , Tran Julian M. , Goedecke Robert , Scholl Stephan , Kenig Eugeny 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThermoblech‐Wärmeübertrager sind eine vielversprechende Alternative zu konventionellen Apparaten. Zur Erstellung ihrer Dimensionierungsgrundlagen werden Daten zu charakteristischen Geometrieparametern benötigt, für die es in der Literatur bisher keine festgelegte Bestimmungsweise gibt. In dieser Arbeit wird die Geometrie der Thermobleche durch Verformungssimulationen exakt nachgebildet. Anschließend werden Näherungsgleichungen zur Geometriebestimmung hergeleitet und validiert. Darauf basierend werden Vorschläge zur orientierenden Ermittlung der charakteristischen Geometrieparameter abgeleitet.
Hypoglycemia From a Cardiologist's Perspective
Authors: Sanon Vani P. , Sanon Saurabh , Kanakia Rushit , Yu Hu , Araj Faris , Oliveros Rene , Chilton Robert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHypoglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been potentially linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiologically, hypoglycemia triggers activation of the sympathoadrenal system, leading to an increase in counter‐regulatory hormones and, consequently, increased myocardial workload and oxygen demand. Additionally, hypoglycemia triggers proinflammatory and hematologic changes that provide the substrate for possible myocardial ischemia in the already‐diseased diabetic cardiovascular system. Hypoglycemia creates electrophysiologic alterations causing P‐R–interval shortening, ST‐segment depression, T‐wave flattening, reduction of T‐wave area, and QTc‐interval prolongation. Patients who experience hypoglycemia are at an increased risk of silent ischemia as well as QTc prolongation and consequent arrhythmias. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial showed an increase in all‐cause mortality with intensive glycemic control, whereas the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) study and Veteran's Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) showed no benefit with aggressive glycemic control. Women, elderly patients, and those with renal insufficiency are more vulnerable to hypoglycemic events. In fact, hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic complication experienced by older patients with DM in the United States. The concurrent use of medications like β‐blockers warrants caution in DM because they can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia. Here we aim to elucidate the pathophysiology, review the electrocardiographic changes, analyze the current clinical literature, and consider the safety considerations of hypoglycemia as it relates to the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, in the current era of DM and its vascular ramifications, hypoglycemia from a cardiologist's perspective deserves due attention.
Optimization of the Antiviral Potency and Lipophilicity of Halogenated 2,6‐Diarylpyridinamines as a Novel Class of HIV‐1 NNRTIS
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Yuan , Liu Na , Qin Bingjie , Huang Li , Yu Fei , Qian Keduo , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Jiang Shibo , Chen Chin Ho , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Xie Lan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNineteen new halogenated diarylpyridinamine (DAPA) analogues modified at the phenoxy C‐ring were synthesized and evaluated for anti‐HIV activity and certain drug‐like properties. Ten compounds showed high anti‐HIV activity (EC50<10 nM). In particular, (E)‐6‐(2′′‐bromo‐4′′‐cyanovinyl‐6′′‐methoxy)phenoxy‐N2‐(4′‐cyanophenyl)pyridin‐2,3‐diamine (8 c) displayed low‐nanomolar antiviral potency (3–7 nM) against wild‐type and drug‐resistant viral strains bearing the E138K or K101E mutations, which are associated with resistance to rilvipirine (1 b). Compound 8 c exhibited much lower resistance fold changes (RFC: 1.1–2.1) than 1 b (RFC: 11.8–13.0). Compound 8 c also exhibited better metabolic stability (in vitro half‐life) than 1 b in human liver microsomes, possessed low lipophilicity (clog D: 3.29; measured log P: 3.31), and had desirable lipophilic efficiency indices (LE>0.3, LLE>5, LELP<10). With balanced potency and drug‐like properties, 8 c merits further development as an anti‐HIV drug candidate.
Cancer patients' perceptions regarding the value of the physical examination: A survey study
Authors: Kadakia Kunal C. , Hui David , Chisholm Gary B. , Frisbee‐Hume Susan E. , Williams Janet L. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDDespite its clinical utility, progressive reliance on technology can lead to devaluing the physical examination in patients with advanced cancer. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether these patients have a positive or negative perception of the physical examination. A secondary objective was to determine whether these perceptions are related to interpersonal/relational values (symbolic) or diagnostic/objective values (pragmatic).METHODSOne hundred fifty patients with cancer who were receiving concurrent oncology and palliative care were administered a 26‐item survey regarding their overall perception of the physical examination. The primary outcome—patient responses to “In the last 3 months, I believe my experience while being examined has been overall: very negative (a score of −5) to very positive (a score of +5),”—was analyzed using the Sign test. Other items were predefined as either symbolic or pragmatic statements, and patient responses from strongly disagree (a score of 1) to strongly agree (a score of 5) were further analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test for associations between baseline characteristics and the primary outcome.RESULTSMost patients (83%) indicated that the overall experience of being examined was highly positive (median score, 4; interquartile range [IQR], 2‐5; P ≤ .0001). Patients valued both the pragmatic aspects (median score, 5; IQR, 4‐5) and symbolic aspects (median score, 4; IQR, 4‐5) of the physical examination. Increasing age was independently associated with a more positive perception of the physical examination (odds ratio, 1.07 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐1.12 per year; P = .01).CONCLUSIONSPatients with advanced cancer indicate that the physical examination is a highly positive aspect of their care. These benefits are perceived as having both symbolic and pragmatic value. The physical examination should remain a cornerstone of clinical encounters. Cancer 2014;120:2215–2221. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Young and uninsured: Insurance patterns of recently diagnosed adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in the AYA HOPE study
Authors: Parsons Helen M. , Schmidt Susanne , Harlan Linda C. , Kent Erin E. , Lynch Charles F. , Smith Ashley W. , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDYoung adults have historically been the least likely to have health insurance in the United States. Previous studies of survivors of childhood cancer found lower rates of insurance and less access to medical care compared with siblings; however, to the authors' knowledge, no studies to date have examined continuity of insurance after a cancer diagnosis in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).METHODSUsing the AYA Health Outcomes and Patient Experience study, a cohort of 465 individuals aged 15 to 39 years from participating Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, we evaluated changes in and sponsors of health insurance coverage after diagnosis, coverage of physician‐recommended tests, and factors associated with lack of insurance after a cancer diagnosis using chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSGreater than 25% of AYA survivors of cancer (118 survivors) experienced some period without insurance up to 35 months after diagnosis. Insurance rates were high in the initial year after diagnosis (6 months‐14 months; 93.3%) but decreased substantially at follow‐up (15 months‐35 months; 85.2%). The most common sponsor of health insurance was employer/school coverage (43.7%). Multivariable analysis indicated that older survivors (those aged 25‐39 years vs 15‐19 years; odds ratio, 3.35 [P < .01]) and those with less education (high school or less vs college graduate; odds ratio, 2.80 [P < .01]) were more likely to experience a period without insurance after diagnosis. Furthermore, > 20% of survivors indicated there were physician‐recommended tests/treatments that were not covered by insurance, but > 80% received them regardless of coverage.CONCLUSIONSInsurance rates appear to decrease with time since diagnosis in AYA survivors of cancer. Future studies should examine how new policies under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act extend access and insurance coverage beyond initial treatment. Cancer 2014;120:2352–2360. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Associations of objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time with health‐related quality of life among colon cancer survivors
Authors: Vallance Jeff K. , Boyle Terry , Courneya Kerry S. , Lynch Brigid M. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe primary purpose of this study was to determine associations of accelerometer‐assessed moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function and well‐being in colon cancer survivors.METHODSColon cancer survivors (N = 178) from Alberta, Canada (n = 92) and Western Australia (n = 86) completed a mailed survey that assessed HRQoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Colorectal), physical function and well‐being (Trial Outcome Index–Colorectal), and relevant covariates. MVPA and sedentary time were assessed using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer (60‐second epochs) via a 7‐day monitoring protocol. Average daily MVPA and sedentary time was corrected for wear time and then examined as quartiles.RESULTSAdjusting for relevant demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates, a significant difference in HRQoL scores emerged between quartile 1 (Q1) and Q4 (Mdiff = 11.5, P = .038). For physical function and well‐being, a significant difference emerged between Q1 and Q4 (Mdiff = 9.1, P = .009). For fatigue, a significant difference emerged between Q1 and Q4 (Mdiff = 7.1, P = .05). Significant differences were also observed for between Q1 and Q3 (Mdiff = 2.4, P = .041), and Q1 and Q4 (Mdiff = 3.5, P = .002) for colorectal cancer–specific symptoms. There were no statistically significant associations of sedentary time with HRQoL, physical function and well‐being, fatigue, or colorectal cancer–specific symptoms.CONCLUSIONSObjectively measured MVPA, but not sedentary time, was associated with better HRQoL, physical function and well‐being, and colorectal cancer–specific symptoms in colon cancer survivors. For MVPA, differences met or exceeded contemporary cutpoints for determining clinically important differences. Cancer 2014;120:2919–2926. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
TERT promoter mutation as an early genetic event activating telomerase in follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and atypical FTA
Authors: Wang Na , Liu Tiantian , Sofiadis Anastasios , Juhlin C. Christofer , Zedenius Jan , Höög Anders , Larsson Catharina , Xu Dawei 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations C228T and C250T have been found in many malignancies, including in thyroid carcinomas. However, it is unclear how early these mutations occur in thyroid tumorigenesis.METHODSThe study included primary tumors from 58 patients initially diagnosed with follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), a benign entity, 18 with atypical FTA (AFTA) having an uncertain malignant potential, and 52 with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Sanger sequencing was used to investigate the mutational status of the TERT promoter. Telomere length and TERT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Telomerase activity was assessed using a Telomerase PCR enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.RESULTSThe C228T mutation was identified in 1 of 58 FTA (2%) and 3 of 18 AFTA (17%) samples. These 4 tumors all expressed TERT mRNA and telomerase activity, whereas the majority of C228T‐negative adenomas lacked TERT expression (C228T versus wild‐type, P = .008). The C228T mutation was associated with NRAS gene mutations (P = .016). The patient with C228T‐mutated FTA later developed a scar recurrence and died of FTC, whereas none of the remaining 57 patients with FTA had recurrence. No recurrence occurred in 3 patients with AFTA who carried C228T during the follow‐up period (36‐285 months). Nine of the 52 FTCs (17%) exhibited the TERT mutation (8 of 9 C228T and 1 of 9 C250T), and the presence of the mutation was associated with shorter patient survival.CONCLUSIONSTERT promoter mutations may occur as an early genetic event in thyroid follicular tumors that have not developed malignant features on routine histopathological workup. Cancer 2014;120:2965–2979. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Vorapaxar, an oral PAR‐1 receptor antagonist, does not affect the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone
Authors: Kosoglou Teddy , Kumar Bharath , Statkevich Paul , Schiller James E. , Kantesaria Bhavna , Hanson Mary E. , Sisk Christine McCrary , Cutler David L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the potential effects of vorapaxar on the pharmacokinetics and safety of rosiglitazone.MethodsThis was an open‐label, two‐period, two‐treatment, fixed‐sequence study in 18 healthy subjects. On Day 1, Period 1, subjects received a single dose of rosiglitazone 8 mg. In Period 2, subjects received vorapaxar 40 mg on Day 1, vorapaxar 7.5 mg once‐daily on Days 2–7, and a single dose of rosiglitazone 8 mg on Day 7. Rosiglitazone and N‐desmethylrosiglitazone pharmacokinetics were assessed alone (Period 1) and after coadministration with vorapaxar (Period 2). Vorapaxar and its M20 metabolite pharmacokinetics were assessed on Day 7, Period 2. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study.ResultsCoadministration of rosiglitazone with vorapaxar had no effect on rosiglitazone or N‐desmethylrosiglitazone pharmacokinetics. The ratio of geometric means (GMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the coadministration versus monotherapy for Cmax (GMR 95; 90% CI 88, 103) and AUC0–24 h (GMR 103; 90% CI 98, 108) were within the 80–125% bioequivalence criteria. The metabolite‐to‐parent exposure ratio with and without vorapaxar was unaltered. Coadministration of vorapaxar with rosiglitazone was generally well tolerated.ConclusionCoadministration of vorapaxar with rosiglitazone or drugs metabolized via CYP2C8 is unlikely to cause a significant pharmacokinetic interaction.
Probing Protonation Sites of Isolated Flavins Using IR Spectroscopy: From Lumichrome to the Cofactor Flavin Mononucleotide
Authors: Langer Judith , Günther Alan , Seidenbecher Sophie , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Dopfer Otto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInfrared spectra of the isolated protonated flavin molecules lumichrome, lumiflavin, riboflavin (vitamin B2), and the biologically important cofactor flavin mononucleotide are measured in the fingerprint region (600–1850 cm−1) by means of IR multiple‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Using density functional theory calculations, the geometries, relative energies, and linear IR absorption spectra of several low‐energy isomers are calculated. Comparison of the calculated IR spectra with the measured IRMPD spectra reveals that the N10 substituent on the isoalloxazine ring influences the protonation site of the flavin. Lumichrome, with a hydrogen substituent, is only stable as the N1‐protonated tautomer and protonates at N5 of the pyrazine ring. The presence of the ribityl unit in riboflavin leads to protonation at N1 of the pyrimidinedione moiety, and methyl substitution in lumiflavin stabilizes the tautomer that is protonated at O2. In contrast, flavin mononucleotide exists as both the O2‐ and N1‐protonated tautomers. The frequencies and relative intensities of the two CO stretch vibrations in protonated flavins serve as reliable indicators for their protonation site.
Application of liquid‐based transepithelial flexible brush cytology in the detection of high‐grade laryngeal mucosal lesions
Authors: Afrogheh Amir , Pelser Andrew , Hille Jos , Attwood Rory , Loock James , Schubert Pawel Tomasz 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of liquid‐based transepithelial flexible brush cytology (LBTFBC) in the detection of high‐grade laryngeal mucosal lesions.MethodsDiagnostic accuracies of LBTFBC and flexible biopsy (FB) were compared with the gold standard of biopsy under general anaesthesia (BUA) in 49 and 46 patients, respectively. Using a flexible laryngoscope, transepithelial cytology and biopsy specimens were obtained with the aid of flexible brushes and biopsy forceps. Cytology specimens were graded and scored using a recently proposed oral cytologic grading and scoring system.ResultsCytology showed 97, 29% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 97.9% accuracy, and FB disclosed 77.1% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 82.2% accuracy when compared with BUA. The best cutoff value for discriminating reactive/mildly dysplastic lesions from high‐grade dysplasias/invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) was determined as a cytologic score of 3, with sensitivity and specificity of 100%.ConclusionLBTFBC is a simple office‐based procedure, which in combination with the newly proposed classification scheme appears to be an accurate technique in the detection of high‐grade laryngeal mucosal lesions. LBTFBC is more effective than FB owing to the enhanced range of sampling and ease of application. It effectively eliminates the need for general anaesthesia, and thus reducing theatre costs and the number of hospital admissions. LBTFBC is ideal for patients who require regular clinical examinations, where repeated biopsies may lead to significant vocal morbidity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:21–27. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferromagnetic Coupling in an Fe[C(SiMe3)3]2/Ferrihydrite Hetero‐Mixture Molecular Magnet
Authors: Kuzmann Ernő , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Pechousek Jiri , Cuda Jan , Klencsár Zoltán , Homonnay Zoltán , Tucek Jiri , Szalay Roland , Pápai Mátyás , Machala Libor , Zboril Radek 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMagnetization and low temperature in‐field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements have been performed on a Fe[C(SiMe3)3]2/ferrihydrite hetero‐mixture. The results indicate the presence of ferromagnetic coupling of magnetic moments involving Fe[C(SiMe3)3]2 with a hyperfine magnetic field of about 151 T, attributable mainly to the non‐frozen atomic orbital contribution. The present findings show the sensitivity of single‐ion molecular magnets to local alterations of their lattice‐environment and might explain and reconcile some of the differences found in the literature for the observed bulk magnetic properties of the title Fe[C(SiMe3)3]2 compound.
Mono‐ vs. Dinuclear Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamidation
Authors: Serrano‐Becerra Juan M. , Maier Alexander F. G. , González‐Gallardo Sandra , Moos Eric , Kaub Christoph , Gaffga Maximilian , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Roesky Peter W. , Breher Frank , Paradies Jan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMono‐ and dinuclear gold catalysts were investigated in the intermolecular hydroamidation of olefins. Upon activation of [Ph3PAuCl] and [xantphos(AuCl)2] with various silver salts (AgOTf, Ag[BF4], and Ag[SbF6]), diverging reactivity of the resulting cationic gold complexes was observed. It was found that both the binding ability of the counterion and the solvent have a significant impact on the reactivity of the mono‐ and dinuclear complexes.
Alkynylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Using the Bu4NOH/H2O/DMSO Catalytic Composition: A Wide‐Scope Methodology
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu. , Cherimichkina Natalia A. , Bidusenko Ivan A. , Protzuk Nadezhda I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Favorsky reaction of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones with alkynes has been implemented under mild conditions (5–20 °C). Using a Bu4NOH/H2O/DMSO catalytic system, propargylic alcohols are formed cleanly in 39–93 % (mostly 72–93 %) yields and with ca. 100 % selectivity. The method is suitable for aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes and ketones, and for aliphatic, aromatic, and functionalized acetylenes. Thus, this represents the most general and efficient protocol to achieve the Favorsky reaction.
Estimation of Energy Production of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Modules for Building‐Integrated Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Reale Andrea , Cinà Lucio , Malatesta Ambra , De Marco Riccardo , Brown Thomas M. , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe standard parameters considered to compare energy‐harvesting efficiency such as the efficiency measured in standard test conditions or the concept of peak Watt power production may lead to an incorrect estimation of the real producible energy. In this work, we aim to confirm that in realistic outdoor building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installations, the gap between dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSC) and other available technologies is lower than expected in terms of producible energy. We have developed a model for the evaluation of the producible energy on a generic BIPV site with DSC technology. Average daily irradiation and temperature are considered to integrate the instantaneous power to obtain the energy production. To compare the producible energy of DSC technology with other commercial photovoltaic technologies (crystalline and amorphous silicon, CdTe, or copper indium gallium selenide), we use the estimation of energy production available under the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System platform.
The Effect of Nickel and Graphite on the Hydrogen Storage Ability of Magnesium in the First Cycle
Authors: Sohrabi Soheila , Irankhah Abdullah 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMagnesium can serve as a solid‐state hydrogen‐storage material, and over recent years it has been taken into consideration owing to its high storage capacity. The effect of 10 wt % nickel and graphite (G) on hydrogen sorption of magnesium was compared. The powder mixture was mechanically milled for 35 h under an argon atmosphere. A Sievert apparatus was used for hydrogen sorption analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction were used for morphological characterization. Hydrogen sorption analysis was performed at 3.5 MPa and 473 K. The results showed that graphite had a better effect than nickel on the hydrogen storage properties of magnesium owing to a greater reduction in the particle size of magnesium and the physisorption of hydrogen by graphite. The hydrogen adsorption of Mg+10 wt % G was also investigated at 2.0, 3.5, and 4.0 MPa, and it was found that the compound adsorbed 5.7 wt % hydrogen at 4.0 MPa because hydrogen could penetrate into the inner parts of the magnesium powder at higher pressure.