bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spintronics with graphene quantum dots
Authors: Droth Matthias , Burkard Guido 
Published: July 2015

magnified imageThanks to its intrinsic ability to preserve spin coherence, graphene is a prime material for spintronics. In this review article, we summarize recent achievements related to spintronics in graphene quantum dots and motivate this field from a spintronics and a materials science point of view. We focus on theory but also discuss recent experiments. The main sources of spin decoherence are interactions with lattice excitations and the hyperfine interaction with present nuclear spins. We explain effective spin–phonon coupling in detail and present a generic power law for the spin relaxation time T1 as a function of the magnetic field. For specific cases, we discuss spin relaxation in detail. The Heisenberg exchange interaction is paramount for coherent spin qubit operation and addressed in the context of magnetism in graphene nanoflakes. Nuclear spins in the host and surrounding material can be considered by several means and the influence of 13C nuclei has been studied in detail. Impressive advances in general spintronics and the fabrication of graphene devices are likely to spark significant advances in spintronics with graphene quantum dots in the near future.
magnified image(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐Responsive Wormlike Micelles Based on N‐alkyl‐N‐Methylpiperidinium Bromide Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Yan Zhihu , Dai Caili , Zhao Mingwei , Zhao Guang , Li Yuyang , Wu Xuepeng , Liu Yifei , Du Mingyong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA noncovalent bonding method was utilized for forming multiresponsive surface‐active ionic liquids in mixed N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpiperidinium bromide (C16MDB) and potassium phthalic acid (PPA). Rheology, cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate the aggregation property of surface‐active ionic liquids in aqueous solution. The efficiency of the shielding effect in the form of hydrophobic effects and electrostatic attraction between PPA and the C16MDB headgroup under diverse pH conditions is found to be the root cause of a shift in the aggregate's morphological transformation. In addition, the molecular motion of surfactant molecules becomes more active as the temperature increase provides the property of thermoresponsive to the surface‐active ionic liquid system.
Single‐Leg Squat Performance is Impaired 1 to 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Charlton Paula C. , Bryant Adam L. , Kemp Joanne L. , Clark Ross A. , Crossley Kay M. , Collins Natalie J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate single‐leg squat performance 1‐2 years after arthroscopy for intra‐articular hip pathology compared with control subjects and the nonsurgical limb, and to investigate whether single‐leg squat performance on the operated limb was associated with hip muscle strength.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingPrivate physiotherapy clinic and university laboratory.ParticipantsThirty‐four participants (17 women, 36.7 ± 12.6 years) 1‐2 years after hip arthroscopy and 34 gender‐matched control subjects (17 women, 33.1 ± 11.9 years).MethodsParticipants performed single‐leg squats using a standardized testing procedure. Squat performance was captured using video. Video footage was uploaded and reformatted for analyses. Hip muscle strength was measured with handheld dynamometry using reliable methods.Outcome MeasuresFrontal plane pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, and knee valgus were measured. Repeated measures analysis of variance evaluated between‐group differences, with limb as a within‐subjects factor (surgical versus nonsurgical) and gender as a between‐subjects factor (P < .05).ResultsThe hip arthroscopy group demonstrated significantly greater apparent hip adduction (mean difference 2.7°, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7°‐4.8°) and apparent knee valgus (4.0°, 95% CI 1.0°‐7.1°) at peak squat depth compared with control subjects. The operated limb also demonstrated significantly greater pelvic obliquity during single‐leg stance compared with the nonsurgical limb (1.2°, 95% CI 0.1°‐2.3°). Women had significantly greater apparent hip adduction (standing 1.6°, 95% CI 0.5°‐2.6°; peak squat depth 2.4°, 95% CI 0.3°‐4.4°) and apparent knee valgus (standing 3.3°, 95% CI 1.8°‐4.7°; peak squat depth 3.1°, 95% CI 0°‐6.1°). Significant positive correlations were found between frontal plane angles and hip flexor and extensor peak torque (P > .05).ConclusionOne to 2 years after hip arthroscopy, deficits in single‐leg squat performance exist that have the potential to increase hip joint impingement and perpetuate postoperative symptoms. Rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy should target retraining in functional single‐leg positions.
Variation in Rehabilitation Treatment Patterns for Hip Fracture Treated With Arthroplasty
Authors: Siebens Hilary C. , Sharkey Phoebe , Aronow Harriet U. , Deutscher Daniel , Roberts Pamela , Munin Michael C. , Radnay Craig S. , Horn Susan D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecommendations for health care redesign often advocate for comparative effectiveness research that is patient‐centered. For patients who require rehabilitation services, a first step in this research process is to understand current practices for specific patient groups.ObjectiveTo document in detail the physical and occupational therapy treatment activities for inpatient hip fracture rehabilitation among 3 patient subgroups distinguished by their early rate of functional recovery between time of surgery to rehabilitation admission.DesignMulticenter prospective observational cohort, practice‐based evidence, study.SettingSeven skilled nursing facilities and 11 inpatient rehabilitation facilities across the United States.ParticipantsA total of 226 patients with hip fractures treated with hip arthroplasty.MethodsComparisons of physical and occupational therapy treatment activities among 3 groups with different initial recovery trajectory (IRT) rates (slower, moderate, faster).Main Outcome Measure(s)Percent of patients in each IRT group exposed to each physical and occupational therapy activity (exposure), and mean minutes per week for each activity (intensity).ResultsThe number of patients exposed to different physical or occupational therapy activities varied within the entire sample. More specifically, among the 3 IRT groups, significant differences in exposure occurred for 44% of physical therapy activities and 39% of occupational therapy activities. More patients in the slower recovery group, IRT 1, received basic activities of daily living treatments and more patients in the faster recovery group, IRT 3, received advanced activities. The moderate recovery group, IRT 2, had some treatments similar to IRT 1 group and others similar to IRT 3 group.ConclusionsAnalyses of practice‐based evidence on inpatient rehabilitation of hip fracture patients treated with arthroplasty identified differences in therapy activities among three patient groups classified by IRT rates. These results may enhance physiatrists', other physicians', and rehabilitation teams' understanding of inpatient rehabilitation for these patients and help design future comparative effectiveness research.
Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Referrals in a Concussion Clinic Cohort: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Vargo Mary M. , Vargo Kevin G. , Gunzler Douglas , Fox Kermit W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the frequency and spectrum of referrals to rehabilitation disciplines in a concussion clinic population and factors associated with need for referral.DesignRetrospective study.SettingConcussion clinic within the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of an academic medical center.ParticipantsPatients receiving physiatric management for concussion care.Main Outcome MeasuresReferral to physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy, speech therapy (ST), neuropsychology, or any referral (Any), and reasons for referral.InterventionsDemographic and clinical variables were analyzed for possible association with referral to rehabilitation disciplines. These independent variables included mechanism of injury, referral source, age, gender, provider, days since injury, presenting Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) symptom score, insurance type, clinical risk factors, whether the injury was work related and whether the patient had been hospitalized.ResultsAmong 262 patients meeting inclusion criteria, the most commonly prescribed individual therapy was physical therapy (74 patients; 28%), followed by speech therapy (60 patients, 23%), neuropsychology (27 patients, 10.3%), and occupational therapy (19 patients, 7.2%). In all, 121 (46%) of patients were referred to one or more disciplines. The most common reasons for referral were cognitive strategies (54 patients, 21%), balance/vestibular therapy (50 patients,19%), and neck pain (32 patients, 12%). Per multivariate logistic regression analysis, covariates associated with PT: age, SCAT2 symptom score, gender, provider, and (inversely) cognitive/learning disorder; ST: time elapsed since injury, gender, and referral source of internal clinic; Any: SCAT2 symptom score. Referrals did not significantly vary by mechanism of injury (sports, fall, vehicular, etc), whether work‐related, or whether the patient had been hospitalized. Insurance factors were significant for PT and Any on the univariate analysis but not logistic regression.ConclusionsRelatively little has been described about the typical rehabilitation requirements of individuals recovering from concussion. Although rest and guided return to usual activities have been emphasized as mainstays of management, a large number of patients in this concussion cohort were determined to require additional rehabilitation services to assist in recovery.
EPISTEMIC INVARIANTISM AND CONTEXTUALIST INTUITIONS
Authors: Dinges Alexander 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTEpistemic invariantism, or invariantism for short, is the position that the proposition expressed by knowledge sentences does not vary with the epistemic standard of the context in which these sentences can be used. At least one of the major challenges for invariantism is to explain our intuitions about scenarios such as the so-called bank cases. These cases elicit intuitions to the effect that the truth-value of knowledge sentences varies with the epistemic standard of the context in which these sentences can be used. In this paper, I will defend invariantism against this challenge by advocating the following, somewhat deflationary account of the bank case intuitions: Readers of the bank cases assign different truth-values to the knowledge claims in the bank cases because they interpret these scenarios such that the epistemic position of the subject in question differs between the high and the low standards case. To substantiate this account, I will argue, first, that the bank cases are underspecified even with respect to features that should uncontroversially be relevant for the epistemic position of the subject in question. Second, I will argue that readers of the bank cases will fill in these features differently in the low and the high standards case. In particular, I will argue that there is a variety of reasons to think that the fact that an error-possibility is mentioned in the high standards case will lead readers to assume that this error-possibility is supposed to be likely in the high standards case.
Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from Zambian dairy cattle across different production systems
Authors: Mainda Geoffrey , Bessell Paul R. , Muma John B. , McAteer Sean P. , Chase-Topping Margo E. , Gibbons James , Stevens Mark P. , Gally David L. , deC. Bronsvoort Barend M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study focused on the use of antibiotics on small, medium and commercial-sized dairy farms in the central region of Zambia and its relationship to antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. A stratified random sample of 104 farms was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. On each farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. An E. coli isolate was obtained from 98.67% (371/376) of the sampled animals and tested for resistance to six classes of antibiotics. The estimated prevalence of resistance across the different farming systems was: tetracycline (10.61; 95%CI: 7.40–13.82), ampicillin (6.02; 95%CI: 3.31–8.73), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (4.49; 95%CI: 2.42–6.56), cefpodoxime (1.91; 95%CI: 0.46–3.36), gentamicin (0.89; 95%CI: 0.06–1.84) and ciprofloxacin (0%). Univariate analyses indicated certain diseases, exotic breeds, location, farm size and certain management practices as risk factors for detection of resistance, whereas multivariate analyses showed an association with lumpy skin disease and a protective effect for older animals (>25 months). This study has provided novel insights into the drivers of antibiotic use and their association with antibiotic resistance in an under-studied region of Southern Africa.
The circular RNA Cdr1as, via miR-7 and its targets, regulates insulin transcription and secretion in islet cells
Authors: Xu Huanyu , Guo Sen , Li Wei , Yu Ping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAmong the identified thousands of circular RNAs (circRNA) in humans and animals, Cdr1as (also known as CiRS-7) was recently demonstrated to act as a powerful miR-7 sponge/inhibitor in developing midbrain of zebrafish, suggesting a novel mechanism for regulating microRNA functions. MiR-7 is abundantly expressed in islet cells, but overexpressing miR-7 in transgenic mouse β cells causes diabetes. Therefore, we infer that Cdr1as expression may inhibit miR-7 function in islet cells, which in turn improves insulin secretion. Here, we show the first characterization of Cdr1as expression in islet cells, which was upregulated by long-term forskolin and PMA stimulation, but not high glucose, indicating the involvement of cAMP and PKC pathways. Remarkably, both insulin content and secretion were significantly increased by overexpression of Cdr1as in islet cells. We further identified a new target Myrip in the Cdr1as/miR-7 pathway that regulates insulin granule secretion and also another target Pax6 that enhances insulin transcription. Taken together, our findings revealed the effects of the strongly interacting pair of Cdr1as/miR-7 on insulin secretion, which may become a new target for improving β cell function in diabetes.
Decoherence of interacting Majorana modes
Authors: Ng H. T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the decoherence of Majorana modes of a fermion chain, where the fermions interact with their nearest neighbours. We investigate the effect of dissipation and dephasing on the Majorana modes of a fermionic chain. The dissipative and dephasing noises induce the non-parity- and parity-preserving transitions between the eigenstates of the system, respectively. Therefore, these two types of noises lead to the different decoherence mechanisms. In each type of noise, we discuss the low- and high-frequency regimes to describe the different environments. We numerically calculate the dissipation and dephasing rates in the presence of long-range interactions. We find that the decoherence rate of interacting Majorana modes is different to that of non-interacting modes. We show the examples that the long-range interactions can reduce the decoherence rate. It is advantageous to the potential applications of quantum information processing.
Identification and characterization of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Kimura Ayako , Sakuyama Harumi , Tamoi Masahiro , Ishikawa Takahiro , Shigeoka Shigeru 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Euglena gracilis has the ability to accumulate a storage polysaccharide, a β-1,3-glucan known as paramylon, under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis cells degrade paramylon and synthesize wax esters. Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) appears to be a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and position branch point of carbon partitioning between paramylon and wax ester biosynthesis. We herein identified and characterized cytosolic FBPase from E. gracilis. The Km and Vmax values of EgFBPaseIII were 16.5 ± 1.6 μM and 30.4 ± 7.2 μmol min−1 mg protein−1, respectively. The activity of EgFBPaseIII was not regulated by AMP or reversible redox modulation. No significant differences were observed in the production of paramylon in transiently suppressed EgFBPaseIII gene expression cells by RNAi (KD-EgFBPaseIII); nevertheless, FBPase activity was markedly decreased in KD-EgFBPaseIII cells. On the other hand, the growth of KD-EgFBPaseIII cells was slightly higher than that of control cells.
Sustainability in Canadian post-secondary institutions
Authors: Beveridge Dan , McKenzie Marcia , Vaughter Philip , Wright Tarah 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to report on a census of high-level sustainability initiatives at all accredited post-secondary institutions in Canada by documenting the institutions that have undertaken sustainability assessments, have signed one or more sustainability declarations, have sustainability offices or officers or have sustainability policies. The aim was to better understand the broad-scale patterns of commitments by post-secondary institutions to these sustainability initiatives by exploring the interrelationships among them, and with geographic and institutional characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected on existing high-level sustainability initiatives at Canada’s 220 accredited post-secondary institutions. Patterns in the data were analyzed using exploratory statistical techniques. This paper proposes a sustainability initiative score to help understand the diversity and patterns of sustainability initiative uptake.

Findings
– Institutions located in larger communities, and in British Columbia and Québec, tended to have higher sustainability initiative scores. Institutions in Saskatchewan and the territories had the lowest sustainability initiative scores. It was found that sustainability office(r)s, assessments and policies co-occurred disproportionately, potentially suggesting positive reinforcement mechanisms. On the other hand, having signed a declaration was not strongly linked to other sustainability initiatives. Terminological preference had shifted from “environment” and “sustainable development” to “sustainability”.

Research limitations/implications
– The scope was limited to a discrete set of high-level sustainability initiatives appropriate for a nation-wide census, at a moment in time, and is therefore not exhaustive in subject or temporal extent. This broad-scale comparative analysis compels further study into the relationship between the sustainability policy environment and sustainability practices on the ground, as well as implications for how post-secondary institutions engage with sustainability. The patterns and interrelationships this paper discovered help to structure future critical and comparative in-depth analyses of sustainability policies and practices within post-secondary education.

Originality/value
– Almost no extensive, comparative empirical studies of sustainability policy and practice in post-secondary institutions exist. This void is addressed by documenting and analyzing high-level sustainability initiatives across all accredited post-secondary institutions in Canada.
Do, but don’t tell
Authors: Hart Timothy A. , Fox Corey J. , Ede Kenneth F. , Korstad John 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which business schools, in particular MBA programs, have developed academic programs and centers specifically focused on corporate social responsibility and sustainability (CSRS) and, for those that have, promote them on their Web sites. The instruction of CSRS in institutions of higher education is increasing worldwide. The extent to which US MBA programs have developed academic programs and centers focused on CSRS could potentially be a way for business schools to distinguish themselves from other schools.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use a Web-based search of the Web sites of the top-100 US MBA programs to ascertain the extent to which they have developed CSRS-related academic programs and centers. They then look specifically at the full-time MBA main Web page to ascertain to what extent these programs promote CSRS material.

Findings
– The results suggest that schools in the top quarter and bottom quarter, as well as private schools, are more likely to have CSRS academic programs and centers. The authors also find that very few full-time MBA programs promote CSRS on their main MBA Web pages.

Originality/value
– This study is unique in its focus on the top-100 US MBA programs and the collection of primary data directly from their Web sites. Additionally, a summary of the data gathered from the MBA programs is provided in Table I of the study.
Energy efficiency of higher education buildings: a case study
Authors: Soares Nelson , Dias Pereira Luísa , Ferreira João , Conceição Pedro , Pereira da Silva Patrícia 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to propose an energy efficiency plan (with technical and behavioural improvement measures) for a Portuguese higher education building – the Teaching Building of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC).Design/methodology/approach– The study was developed in the context of both the “Green Campus – Challenge for Energy Efficiency in Higher Education” and the Energy for Sustainability Initiative of the University of Coimbra, Portugal. An energy audit was conducted based on the analysis of the energy consumption profiles. A monitoring campaign was carried out to measure and disaggregate the electricity consumption. The consumption of natural gas and water were also assessed. The building envelope and the heating and lighting systems were also evaluated. Some patterns of energy-environmental behaviours of the academic community were investigated through a Web-based survey.Findings– The energy efficiency plan contemplates short-term tangible/intangible actions. It also considers the investment and payback period of the tangible measures. The implementation of three improvement measures in the lighting system would lead to a consumption reduction of about 26,123 kWh/year, avoiding the emission of 3,704 KgCO2/year, for an initial cost of 9,920 (payback period of 3.7 years).Research limitations/implications– Results are restricted to the case study and there are limitations in their generalisation outside of their context. However, they show some broadly implications and trends that have relevance for the higher education sector. This paper highlights the importance of engaging students, faculty and technical staff for working together on the assessment of the energy efficiency of the buildings where they study and work.Social implications– The higher education sector holds important functions in educating the next generation of professionals for a sustainable culture. The categories of activities described in this paper are good examples of what can be done within the academic community for acting towards sustainability. The results also pointed out that making users aware of their energy consumption is a priority towards the energy efficiency in higher education buildings.Originality/value– Reductions on energy consumption are expected if the energy efficiency plan would be implemented. The results of the behavioural study were presented to the FEUC’s board of directors to be integrated in the “Good Practices Manual on Water and Energy Management”.