bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro‐oxidation and Determination of Tripelennamine Hydrochloride at MWCNT‐CTAB Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Gowda Jayant I. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the determination of tripelennamine hydrochloride (TPA) using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT‐CTAB/GCE) was developed. Because of good electrical conductivity of MWCNT and catalytic behavior of CTAB, new electrode significantly enhances the sensitivity for the detection of TPA. Parameters such as amount of modifier suspension, scan rate, pH of measure solution, heterogeneous rate constant were investigated. The electrode exhibits a linear potential response in the range of 1.0×10−8 M to 3.0×10−6 M with a detection limit of 2.38× 10−9 M. The modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of TPA in pharmaceutical and real samples.
Liquinert quartz crucible for the growth of multicrystalline Si ingots
Authors: Fujiwara Kozo , Horioka Yukichi , Sakuragi Shiro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe growth of a multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) ingot for solar cell applications was attempted using a Liquinert quartz crucible. A mc‐Si ingot was also grown in a quartz crucible coated with Si3N4 powder for comparison with that from the Liquinert quartz crucible. The mc‐Si ingot grown in the Liquinert quartz crucible had a shinier surface which has few impurity particles and higher minority carrier lifetime than the mc‐Si ingot grown in a quartz crucible coated with Si3N4 powder. These results indicate that contamination with impurities was reduced with the Liquinert quartz crucible; therefore, this crucible has the potential to be a powerful tool for the production of high‐quality mc‐Si ingots for solar cell applications.
Evaluating the capabilities of the CASI hyperspectral imaging system and Aquarius bathymetric LiDAR for measuring channel morphology in two distinct river environments
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Overstreet Brandon T. , Glennie Craig L. , Pan Zhigang , Fernandez‐Diaz Juan Carlos , Singhania Abhinav 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRemote sensing is a powerful tool for examining river morphology. This study used detailed field surveys to assess the capability of the CASI hyperspectral imaging system and Aquarius bathymetric LiDAR to measure bed elevations in rivers with disparate optical characteristics. Field measurements of water column optical properties in the clear Snake River, the more complex Blue and Colorado, and highly turbid Muddy Creek were used to calculate depth retrieval precision and dynamic range. Differences in depth of a few centimeters were detectable via passive optical techniques in the clearest stream, but precision was greatly reduced under turbid conditions. The bathymetric LiDAR evaluated in this study could not detect shallow depths or differences in depth smaller than 11 cm owing to the difficulty of distinguishing water surface and bottom returns in laser waveforms. In clear water and with high radiometric resolution, hyperspectral systems such as CASI could detect depths approaching 10 m, but semi‐empirical analysis of the Aquarius LiDAR indicated that maximum detectable depths were of the order of 2–3 m in the clear‐flowing Snake River, and closer to 1 m in the more turbid streams. Turbidity also constrained spectrally based depth retrieval, and depth estimates from the Blue/Colorado were far less reliable than on the Snake. Both sensors yielded positively biased (0.03 m for CASI, 0.08 m for Aquarius) bed elevations on the Snake, with precisions of 0.16–0.17 m. For the Blue/Colorado, mean errors were of the order of 0.2 m, biased shallow for optical data and biased deep for LiDAR, although no Aquarius laser returns were recorded from the deepest parts of these channels; precisions were reduced to 0.29–0.32 m. Both approaches have advantages and limitations, and prospective users must understand the capabilities and constraints associated with various types of remote sensing to ensure efficient use of these evolving technologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Consoer Daniel M. , Hoffman Alex D. , Fitzsimmons Patrick N. , Kosian Patricia A. , Nichols John W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined to respirometer-metabolism chambers were dosed with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by intra-arterial injection and sampled to obtain concentration time-course data for plasma and either urine or expired water. The data were then analyzed using a 2-compartment clearance-volume model. Renal and branchial clearance rates (mL/d/kg) determined for all experiments averaged 19% and 81% of total clearance, respectively. Expressed as mean values for all experiments, the steady-state volume of distribution was 277 mL/kg and the terminal half-life was 86.8 d. Additional animals were exposed to PFOS in water, resulting in an average calculated branchial uptake efficiency of 0.36%. The renal clearance rate determined in the present study is approximately 75 times lower than that determined in earlier studies with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Previously, it was suggested that PFOA is a substrate for membrane transporters in the trout kidney. The present study suggests that glomerular filtration may be sufficient to explain the observed renal clearance rate for PFOS, although a role for membrane transporters cannot be ruled out. These findings demonstrate that models developed to predict the bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids by fish must account for differences in renal clearance of individual compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:717–727. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Development of new finite volume schemes on unstructured triangular grid for simulating the gas–liquid two‐phase flow
Authors: Zhou Wen , Ouyang Jie , Zhang Lin , Su Jin , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Binxin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a coupled finite volume inner doubly iterative efficient algorithm for linked equations (IDEAL) with level set method to simulate the incompressible gas–liquid two‐phase flows with moving interfaces on unstructured triangular grid. The finite volume IDEAL method on a collocated grid is employed to solve the incompressible two‐phase Navier–Stokes equations, and the level set method is used to capture the moving interfaces. For the sake of mass conservation, an effective second‐order accurate finite volume scheme is developed to solve the level set equation on triangular grid, which can be implemented much easier than the classical high‐order level set solvers. In this scheme, the value of level set function on the boundary of control volume is approximated using a linear combination of a high‐order Larangian interpolation and a second‐order upwind interpolation. By the rotating slotted disk and stretching and shrinking of a circular fluid element benchmark cases, the mass conservation and accuracy of the new scheme is verified. Then the coupled method is applied to two‐phase flows, including a 2D bubble rising problem and a 2D dam breaking problem. The computational results agree well with those reported in literatures and experimental data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of protein isolates and hydrocolloids complexes on dough rheology, physicochemical properties and qualities of gluten‐free crackers
Authors: Nammakuna Natthakarn , Barringer Sheryl A. , Ratanatriwong Puntarika 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo understand the suitability of protein‐hydrocolloid complexes as replacement for wheat protein in rice crackers, and the effect of protein source, carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) at 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% w/w, and 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% w/w of xanthan gum (XN) were added to flour‐blendedrice crackers (FF). A variety of protein isolates was added to 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10% w/w combinations of protein isolates and hydrocolloids were investigated. The controls were FF, 100% rice crackers (RF), and wheat crackers (WF). About 1.5% CMC samples had the closest hardness to WF, followed by 0.5%XN and 1.5%HPMC, and 0.5%XN crackers had the highest moisture content and water activities followed by 0.75%XN, 1.5%CMC, and 1.5%HPMC. Increasing % of hydrocolloids also increased puffiness. Protein isolate crackers had higher moisture content and water activity. Protein isolates improved puffiness. Whey protein improved elasticity, while hydrocolloids added to leguminous protein increased loss tangent.
SOLIDARITY in the Moral Imagination of Bioethics
Authors: Jennings Bruce , Dawson Angus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHow important is the concept of solidarity in our society's calculus of consent as regards the legitimacy and ethical and political support for public health, health policy, and health services? By the term “calculus of consent,” we refer to the answer that people give to rationalize and justify their obedience to laws, rules, and policies that benefit others. The calculus of consent answers questions such as, Why should I care? Why should I help? Why should I contribute to the public provision of others? Consent here does not have to be a deliberate, explicit act of informed agreement. And a calculus does not have to be a quantifiable, quasimathematical operation; more often, such a calculus takes narrative form in stories that a society tells about itself and that individuals tell about their place in it.One vital function of bioethics is to inform and shape those stories. Bioethics has the potential to offer society a keener insight into and perception of what is ethically at stake in controversies concerning health, science, and society. This insight is what we shall refer to as a “moral imagination,” by which we do not mean make‐believe or fantasy but, rather, the capacity to take a critical distance from the given, to think reality otherwise. The moral imagination enables one to see connections between factors at work in history, in large social and communal structures, and in the shape of one's own life, thoughts, and feelings. Here we are especially concerned with the contribution that the concept of solidarity can make to the moral imagination of bioethics. We contend that solidarity must become more widely active and explicit in bioethics analysis and argumentation as it endeavors to shape reasons for obeying norms and rules of common benefit in an open, diverse society.
A geometric correction scheme for spatial leakage effects in MEG/EEG seed‐based functional connectivity mapping
Authors: Wens Vincent , Marty Brice , Mary Alison , Bourguignon Mathieu , Op de Beeck Marc , Goldman Serge , Van Bogaert Patrick , Peigneux Philippe , De Tiège Xavier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpatial leakage effects are particularly confounding for seed‐based investigations of brain networks using source‐level electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). Various methods designed to avoid this issue have been introduced but are limited to particular assumptions about its temporal characteristics. Here, we investigate the usefulness of a model‐based geometric correction scheme (GCS) to suppress spatial leakage emanating from the seed location. We analyze its properties theoretically and then assess potential advantages and limitations with simulated and experimental MEG data (resting state and auditory‐motor task). To do so, we apply Minimum Norm Estimation (MNE) for source reconstruction and use variation of error parameters, statistical gauging of spatial leakage correction and comparison with signal orthogonalization. Results show that the GCS has a local (i.e., near the seed) effect only, in line with the geometry of MNE spatial leakage, and is able to map spatially all types of brain interactions, including linear correlations eliminated after signal orthogonalization. Furthermore, it is robust against the introduction of forward model errors. On the other hand, the GCS can be affected by local overcorrection effects and seed mislocation. These issues arise with signal orthogonalization too, although significantly less extensively, so the two approaches complement each other. The GCS thus appears to be a valuable addition to the spatial leakage correction toolkits for seed‐based FC analyses in source‐projected MEG/EEG data. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4604–4621, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of swallowing disorders by use of transnasal esophagoscopy in patients treated for head and neck cancer
Authors: Lin Pei‐Hsuan , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Lou Pei‐Jen , Ko Jeng‐Yuh , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu , Chen Tseng‐Cheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purposes of this study were to identify an index of symptoms and signs of swallowing disorders that indicate the occurrence of local recurrence or second primary malignancy and to evaluate the application of transnasal esophagoscopy in patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsPatients treated for HNSCC with swallowing disorders who received transnasal esophagoscopy examinations between January 2010 and June 2014 were included in this study. Local recurrence and second primary malignancy were pathologically diagnosed.ResultsIn total, 136 patients were examined and one‐third of them had local recurrence or second primary malignancy. Thirty‐two patients had local recurrence and 14 patients had second primary malignancy. Common swallowing disorders and objective transnasal esophagoscopy findings were similar between the patients with and without local recurrence or second primary malignancy.ConclusionNo definite index of symptoms and signs was an indicator of local recurrence or second primary malignancy in the patients treated for HNSCC. Routine transnasal esophagoscopy examination of patients treated for HNSCC with swallowing disorders is strongly recommended. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1137–E1143, 2016
Dynamics of loss and recovery of the nerve monitoring signal during thyroidectomy predict early postoperative vocal fold function
Authors: Schneider Rick , Sekulla Carsten , Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Thanh Phuong Nguyen , Dralle Henning 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristics of segmental type 1 and global type 2 injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the extent and dynamics of nerve recovery are poorly understood.MethodsThis investigation of 785 patients who underwent thyroidectomy under continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring aimed at exploring the dynamics of loss and recovery of the nerve monitoring signal and its relationship to early postoperative vocal fold palsy.ResultsPersistent complete loss of signal and signal recovery <50% identified all (based on 12 and 4 patients with type 1 injuries) or most (based on 9 of 12 and 4 of 6 patients with global type 2 injuries) early unilateral vocal fold palsies. Signal recovery ≥50% (based on 7 patients) always signified normal vocal fold function.ConclusionThese data, including the observation that global type 2 injuries may entail less severe nerve injury, require validation in independent series before being adopted more widely. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1144–E1151, 2016
The dynamic nature of systems consolidation: Stress during learning as a switch guiding the rate of the hippocampal dependency and memory quality
Authors: Pedraza Lizeth K. , Sierra Rodrigo O. , Boos Flávia Z. , Haubrich Josué , Quillfeldt Jorge A. , de Oliveira Alvares Lucas 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMemory fades over time, becoming more schematic or abstract. The loss of contextual detail in memory may reflect a time‐dependent change in the brain structures supporting memory. It has been well established that contextual fear memory relies on the hippocampus for expression shortly after learning, but it becomes hippocampus‐independent at a later time point, a process called systems consolidation. This time‐dependent process correlates with the loss of memory precision. Here, we investigated whether training intensity predicts the gradual decay of hippocampal dependency to retrieve memory, and the quality of the contextual memory representation over time. We have found that training intensity modulates the progressive decay of hippocampal dependency and memory precision. Strong training intensity accelerates systems consolidation and memory generalization in a remarkable timeframe match. The mechanisms underpinning such process are triggered by glucocorticoid and noradrenaline released during training. These results suggest that the stress levels during emotional learning act as a switch, determining the fate of memory quality. Moderate stress will create a detailed memory, whereas a highly stressful training will develop a generic gist‐like memory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling fish production for southern California's petroleum platforms
Authors: Pondella Daniel J , Zahn Laurel A , Love Milton S , Siegel David , Bernstein Brock B 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
California's oil platforms are nearing the end of their productive lives and therefore will be decommissioned in the near future. These structures have been shown to be important habitats for both settlement and growth for reef fishes. Important information on the biological effects (i.e., loss of biomass and production) of different decommissioning options has not yet been explored in detail. An important step in the assessment of these different decommissioning options is to look at the potential loss of fish production and habitat under the different alternatives. Using the large amount of information available on fish abundances at these structures, we have created a model to estimate the standing stock of fishes and production that would be lost because of both partial (removal from surface to 85 ft) and complete removal (the 2 decommissioning options being considered). Complete removal of a platform will likely eliminate most of its fish biomass; however, this study has shown that for rockfishes, which settle predominantly below 85 feet (26 m) and move deeper as they age, partial removal through topping would leave more than 90% of the fish biomass at the deeper platforms. Modeling of larval dispersal suggests that platforms provide an important opportunity for recruitment of fish larvae and that many larvae produced near the platforms would settle elsewhere in the region. The results presented here indicate that, even if topped, the potential contribution of platform habitat to biological resources (e.g., fish production) in this region is significant. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;X:000–000. ©2015 SETAC
Key Points
When compared to natural reefs nearby, platforms appear to perform as well as or better than natural reefs in terms of producing biomass and providing habitat for settlement and growth for reef fishes. Rockfish appear to settle predominantly below 85 ft (26 m) and move deeper as they age, which indicates that since the platform would be cut at a depth of 85 ft under the partial removal option, partial removal would not eliminate its potential nursery function. Complete removal of decommissioned platform structures will result in a loss of all previous biogenic habitat and associated fish and invertebrate communities, yet partial removal at 85 ft will leave much of the biomass and potential for future recruitment to the remaining structure. Modeling of larval dispersal suggests that platforms provide an important opportunity for recruitment of fish larvae, and that many larvae from the platforms would settle elsewhere in the southern California bight.
Integrated assessment of climate change impact on surface runoff contamination by pesticides
Authors: Gagnon Patrick , Sheedy Claudia , Rousseau Alain N , Bourgeois Gaétan , Chouinard Gérald 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Pesticide transport by surface runoff depends on climate, agricultural practices, topography, soil characteristics, crop type, and pest phenology. To accurately assess the impact of climate change, these factors must be accounted for in a single framework by integrating their interaction and uncertainty. This article presents the development and application of a framework to assess the impact of climate change on pesticide transport by surface runoff in southern Québec (Canada) for the 1981–2040 period. The crop enemies investigated were: weeds for corn (Zea mays); and for apple orchard (Malus pumila), 3 insect pests (codling moth [Cydia pomonella], plum curculio [Conotrachelus nenuphar], and apple maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella]), 2 diseases (apple scab [Venturia inaequalis], and fire blight [Erwinia amylovora]). A total of 23 climate simulations, 19 sites, and 11 active ingredients were considered. The relationship between climate and phenology was accounted for by bioclimatic models of the Computer Centre for Agricultural Pest Forecasting (CIPRA) software. Exported loads of pesticides were evaluated at the edge-of-field scale using the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), simulating both hydrology and chemical transport. A stochastic model was developed to account for PRZM parameter uncertainty. Results of this study indicate that for the 2011–2040 period, application dates would be advanced from 3 to 7 days on average with respect to the 1981–2010 period. However, the impact of climate change on maximum daily rainfall during the application window is not statistically significant, mainly due to the high variability of extreme rainfall events. Hence, for the studied sites and crop enemies considered, climate change impact on pesticide transported in surface runoff is not statistically significant throughout the 2011-2040 period. Integr Environ Assess Managem 2016;12:559–571. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2015; Published 2015 SETAC
Key Points
Integration of climate model data, bioclimatic model data, agricultural management scenarios, a pesticide transport model, and a stochastic model in a single framework to assess the climate change impact on exported pesticide loads in surface runoff. Assessment of climate change impacts on both pesticide applications and losses by surface runoff. Assessment of climate change impacts of major crop enemies in Québec (Canada) in a relatively near horizon (1981–2040). For the studied sites and crop enemies considered, climate change impact on pesticide transported in surface runoff is not statistically significant, mainly due to the high variability of intense rainfall events.
Control of Biogenic Nanocrystal Formation in Biomineralization
Authors: Addadi Lia , Gal Assaf , Faivre Damien , Scheffel André , Weiner Steve 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany organisms build crystals with almost complete control over all aspects of crystal formation, from nucleation to growth, from composition to polymorphic structure, and from morphology to size. In biomineralization, the control is fundamentally always exerted at the level of nanometers, because the building blocks themselves are at the nanoscale. We have chosen to describe in some detail four biological systems that produce nanoscale crystals using different mineralization pathways, different levels of control, and have different functions. These four cases are: bone crystal composites; guanine nanocrystal reflectors; magnetotactic bacteria with single domain magnets; and coccoliths, whose functions have yet to be identified. This is followed by a discussion aimed at identifying possible specific and/or common underlying principles involved in nanocrystal formation in biology.