bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Drought Risk Assessment in the Punjab, Pakistan: A Copula-Based Modeling Approach for Future Projections
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Khan Firdos , Ullah Hamd , Ali Shaukat , Hussain Azfar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drought is one of the most complicated and challenging natural hazards, which occurs nearly in every part of the world and poses recurring challenges to agriculture, food security, livestock, human health, and water management. Pakistan has a long history of drought; however, this study focuses on drought analysis and projection in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, as it provides around 60% of the country’s food product, significantly contributing to the national food supply and economy. This study utilized the previous 56 years (1962–2017) of climate data to calculate the reconnaissance drought index (RDI) and then extracted the drought variables of durations and severity for each meteorological station. The best-fit marginal probability distribution and copula models were chosen for the stations based on numerical as well as graphical evaluation. Lognormal and exponential probability distributions, as well as Gumbel, are selected as the best-fit probability distributions for both drought characteristics and bivariate copula model, respectively, for projections. From the projections, we can infer that the smaller return periods indicate high vulnerability while longer return periods with low vulnerability. The results suggest that Faisalabad, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, and Multan stations have the lowest return periods, indicating high vulnerability, and may experience drought more frequently in the future. Mianwali, Khanpur, Lahore, and Sialkot stations may have an intermediate vulnerability to drought events. The stations of Jhelum, Murree, and Sargodha have larger return periods, implying lower susceptibility to drought events in the future. The projected results provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders to optimize the risk of droughts on agriculture production, livestock, water management, human health, and food security in Punjab, Pakistan.
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Retrievals in Complex Terrain during a Summer High Ozone Period
Authors: McCutchan Aaron C. , Horel John D. , Hoch Sebastian W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Out of the 45 radars composing the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) network, 21 are located in areas of complex terrain. Their mission to observe low-level wind shear at major airports prone to strong shear-induced accidents puts them in an ideal position to fill critical boundary layer observation gaps within the NEXRAD network in these regions. Retrievals such as velocity azimuth display and velocity volume processing (VVP) are used to create time-height profiles of the boundary layer from radar conical scans, but assume that a wide area around the radar is horizontally homogeneous. This assumption is rarely met in regions of complex terrain. This paper introduces a VVP retrieval with limited radius to make these profiling techniques informative for flows affected by topography. These retrievals can be applied to any operational radar to help examine critical boundary layer processes. VVP retrievals were derived from the TDWR for Salt Lake City International Airport, TSLC, during a summertime high ozone period. These observations highlighted thermally driven circulations and variations in boundary layer depth at high vertical and temporal resolution and provided insight on their influence on air quality.

Significance Statement
Residents in many urban areas of the United States are exposed to elevated ozone concentrations during the summer months. In complex terrain, thermally driven circulations and terrain-forced flows affect chemical processes by modulating mixing and transport. A novel technique to monitor local boundary layer conditions on small horizontal length scales was applied to data from the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar located near Salt Lake City International Airport during a multiday high ozone event, and effects of these flows on ozone concentrations are illustrated. This technique can be applied to other operational weather radars to create long-term and real-time records of near-surface processes at high vertical and temporal resolution.
Stimulated Vocal Fold Immobility After Vagal Nerve Stimulator Placement: A Case Series
Authors: Schuman Ari D. , Chapel Alyssa C. , Yan Jennifer , Ali Irfan , Lambert Elton M. , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation is a vital therapy for epilepsy refractory to other treatments; however, it is associated with a very high rate of voice changes. Relatively few of these patients are evaluated for vocal fold motion impairments. In this series, we evaluate 5 such patients with a novel phenotype of forced abduction with VNS stimulation. Methods: Retrospective case series. Results: Five patients with a VNS implant who underwent operative direct or in-office rigid laryngoscopy and had vocal fold motion impairment associated with VNS activation are included. All 5 patients had vocal fold mobility with VNS off and a fixed with activation. All patients exhibited vocal fold abduction with VNS activation. Patient 2 has since undergone laryngeal reinnervation, which helped her intermittent dysphonia but left a small glottic gap. A type 1 thyroplasty corrected this gap and improved her voice further. Patient 3 has undergone laryngeal reinnervation for which early results show improvement in perceptual and patient reported outcomes. Patients 4 and 5 have both undergone laryngeal reinnervation with improvement in voice. Conclusion: Previous reported cases of stimulated immobility associated with VNS use describe only adduction of the vocal fold. This series expands the previous work showing the VNS activation can also cause stimulated immobility in an abducted position, for which reinnervation and other medialization procedures offer promising treatment.
Ocrelizumab in MS patients with persistence of disease activity after alemtuzumab: A multi-center Italian study
Authors: Lapucci Caterina , Frau Jessica , Cocco Eleonora , Coghe Giancarlo , Petracca Maria , Lanzillo Roberta , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Nicoletti Carolina Gabri , Landi Doriana , Marfia Girolama , Vercellino Marco , Cavalla Paola , Bianco Assunta , Mirabella Massimiliano , Torri Clerici Valentina , Tomas Eugenia , Ferrò Maria Teresa , Grossi Paola , Nozzolillo Agostino , Moiola Lucia , Zaffaroni Mauro , Ronzoni Marco , Pinardi Federica , Novi Giovanni , Cellerino Maria , Uccelli Antonio , Inglese Matilde 
Published: August 2024

Background: The reason why some multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show disease activity after alemtuzumab (ALM) is still unclear, but ocrelizumab (OCR) could represent an interesting sequential therapeutic approach. Objectives: To investigate safety and efficacy of OCR in MS patients with disease activity after two ALM courses. Methods: Observational retrospective multi-centers Italian cohort study. Results: Seventy-two subjects were included. Mean follow-up (FU) was 2.4 (±1) years. Forty-five patients (62.5%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE), with infections accounting for 96.7% of cases. A reduction in total lymphocytes was observed between OCR start and 6 months FU, driven by BCD19+ lymphocytes depletion ( p < 0.001). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels decreased between OCR start and 6 months FU ( p < 0.001). At 2-year FU, relapse, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity and disability worsening-free survival were 92.1%, 90.8%, and 89.2%. The evidence of inflammatory activity between the two ALM courses was associated with higher risk of relapse, MRI activity, and NEDA-3 status loss in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS; p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: OCR after two ALM courses seemed to be safe and effective. Early IgM hypogammaglobulinemia occurred in a high proportion of patients. The evidence of inflammatory activity between ALM courses seemed to increase the risk of MS re-activation on OCR treatment.
Comparable efficacy and safety of generic and branded imatinib for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in China
Authors: Cheng Fang , Wu Di , Cui Zheng , Li Qiang , Li Weiming , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2024

Background: Generics imatinib became an alternative treatment option for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in China. However, clinicians and patients alike harbor concerns regarding the long-term safety of generic imatinib. Objectives: Patients with chronic phase CML receiving frontline imatinib treatment. Design: A retrospective study was used to evaluate the blood concentration, effectiveness, and safety of generic in 170 CML patients. Methods: Imatinib plasma concentrations were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Among the 170 patients, 73 (42.9%) patients treated with branded imatinib as first-line therapy, while 22 (12.9%) switched to generic imatinib during treatment due to economic considerations. No significant differences in trough concentrations between branded and generic imatinib (1549.9 ± 648.8 ng/mL vs 1479.0 ± 507.0 ng/mL; p = 0.95). During the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in molecular response rates (major molecular response (MMR): 33.3% vs 37.0%; deep molecular response: 56.9% vs 42.9%, p = 0.17) between the branded and generic imatinib. Both groups showed similar rates of switching to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (11.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.56). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in event-free survival or failure-free survival between branded and generic imatinib. Twenty-two (12.9%) switched to generic imatinib during treatment, 68.2% maintained their level of response, 27.3% improved, and only one patient (4.5%) lost MMR. There were no significant differences in the incidence of various adverse events. Conclusion: Generic imatinib are equally effective and safe compared to branded molecules, both for newly diagnosed patients and those who switch from branded.
Does Escalating Violence and Associated Fear of Crime Worsen Psychological Well-Being in Community Dwellers Living in a Rural Setting? Results From the Atahualpa Project Cohort
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Arias Emilio E. , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Escalating street violence and criminal homicides have an adverse impact on psychological well-being. However, these consequences have been difficult to evaluate. Using a recently validated scale, we aimed to assess the impact of fear of crime on the psychological status of middle-aged and older adults living in a rural setting afflicted by endemic violence. Methods: Participants were selected from Atahualpa residents included in previous studies targeting psychological distress in the population. A validated scale was used to objectively quantify fear of crime in participants. Differences in symptoms of depression and anxiety between baseline and follow-up were used as distinct dependent variables and the continuous score of the fear of crime scale was used as the independent variable. Linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the exposure and the outcomes, after adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: A total of 653 participants (mean age = 53.2 ± 11.5 years; 57% women) completed the requested tests. We found a 13% increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety during the peak of violence in the village compared with previous years. Linear regression models showed a significant association between the total score on the fear of crime questionnaire and worsening symptoms of depression (β = .24; 95% CI = 0.14-0.35) and anxiety (β = .31; 95% CI = 0.24-0.37), after adjustment for relevant confounders. Conclusions: This study shows a significant aggravating effect of fear of crime on pre-existing symptoms of depression and anxiety and a deleterious effect of these conditions on overall well-being.
Paper 09: Minimum 20-Year Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for the Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Brunner Moritz , Zauner Kristina , Vieider Romed P. , Wackerle Anja , Scheiderer Bastian , Plath Johannes E. , Siebenlist Sebastian , Lacheta Lucca 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes following arthroscopic Bankart repair for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability at long-term follow-up. It was hypothesized that arthroscopic Bankart repair would lead to an excellent clinical and functional outcome with a low rate of instability recurrence. Methods: Patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair between October 1996 and April 2002 at a single institution were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] Score, Constant-Murley Score [CMS], Visual Analog Scale for pain [VAS-P] and instability [VAS-I] at rest and during activity, satisfaction with the postoperative result [1-10 scale]), sporting ability as well as the rate of redislocation and reinstability (in patients without redislocations) were evaluated after a minimum follow-up of 20 years. Results: In total, 71 patients (78.9% male) were included in this study at a median follow-up of 23 (interquartile range 22-25) years. At the time of surgery, patients were 28.3 ± SD 8.6 years old. Arthroscopic Bankart repair was performed in 19.1% of patients following primary anterior shoulder dislocation and in 80.9% of patients for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Shoulder function was good to excellent at follow-up (ASES Score: 95.0 [83.0-98.0], CMS: 81.1 ± 15.5). The median pain and instability levels were low both at rest (VAS-P: 1.0 [0-1.0], VAS-I: 0 [0-1.0] and during activity (VAS-P: 1.0 [0-2.0], VAS-I: 2.0 [1.0-4.0]). Overall satisfaction with the postoperative result was high (9.0 [8.0-10]). Postoperative redislocations occurred in 15.4% of patients. Subjective residual instability was reported in 18.2% of the patients that did not suffer a shoulder redislocation, resulting in an overall rate of any instability of 30.8%. Postoperative sporting ability improved in 46.8%, declined in 12.9% and remained unchanged in 40.3% of patients. Conclusions: Twenty years postoperatively, arthroscopic Bankart repair was associated with good to excellent shoulder function, low pain levels and high patient satisfaction. About 1 in 3 patients, however, suffered from shoulder instability of whom approximately half reported a redislocation postoperatively.
Paper 12: Risk Factors and Failure Rates for Ramp Repair with ACL Reconstruction: An Analysis of 1037 Patients with a Mean Follow-up of 72 Months from the SANTI Study Group
Authors: Saithna Adnan , Pioger Charles , Ayata Merwane , Pettinari Francesco , Ali Ahmad Abed , Alayne Ali , Campos Joao , Dutra Vieira Thais , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the failure rate (defined by secondary meniscectomy) of ramp repairs performed at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The secondary objective was to investigate the association of patient and surgical characteristics with the risk of failure. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. All patients who underwent repair of a meniscal ramp lesion through a posteromedial portal at the time of primary ACLR, performed between January 2013 and December 2020, were considered for study eligibility. At the end of the study period, secondary meniscectomy rates were determined. Kaplan Meier analyses were used to evaluate repair survivorship. Risk factors associated with meniscal repair failure were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: 1037 patients were deemed eligible and included in the final analysis. The overall mean follow-up was 72.4 ± 27.1 months. The overall rate of secondary medial meniscectomy was 7.7%. Age, sex, Tegner score, and the duration of time between the injury and surgery were not found to be significant risk factors for secondary meniscectomy. The only significant risk factor for failure of ramp repair was the use of an isolated ACLR technique when compared to a combined ACLR + lateral extra-articular procedure (LEAP). The rate of secondary medial meniscectomy was 12.9% in the isolated ACLR group, compared to 4.8% in the combined ACLR + LEAP group (P< 0.0001). The odds of having a secondary medial meniscectomy were 62% lower for patients with combined ACLR + LEAP. Conclusions: At a mean follow-up of 72.4 months after ACLR + ramp repair, the failure rate was 7.7%. The failure rate was 2 times lower when a LEAP was performed in conjunction with ACLR. The only significant risk factor identified for failure of a ramp lesion was the use of an isolated ACLR instead of a combined ACLR + LEAP.
Paper 14: Evaluation of Outcomes at Mean 2.75 years after Repair of Lateral Meniscus Oblique Radial Tears during ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Burnett Zachary , Karom Jarod , Monroe Grace , Cavendish Parker , Milliron Eric , Schildmeyer Anna , Kashyap Anjali , Barker Tyler , Kaeding Christopher , Magnussen Robert , Flanigan David 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Lateral meniscus oblique radial tears (LMORTs) commonly occur in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Despite publications pertaining to the prevalence, biomechanics, and surgical repair techniques of LMORTs, studies reporting outcomes following LMORT repair are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine clinical and patient-reported outcomes following the surgical repair of LMORTs during ACL reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 845 patients that underwent a meniscus repair at a single institution between 2017 and 2019. Operative reports, procedure notes, and operative images were manually reviewed to identify LMORTs. Subsequent knee surgery, meniscus repair failure, and postoperative complications were also extracted during the chart review. Postoperative complications were defined as reinjury, pain, stiffness, recurrent swelling, weakness, instability, or superficial wound infections. Patients were contacted postoperatively for evaluation of patient reported outcomes including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Twenty-five patients (68% male) were identified who underwent repair of an LMORT in the same setting as an ACL reconstruction during the study period. Mean age was 21.1 ± 4.6 years old, and the mean body mass index was 26.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2. Mean follow-up was 33.1 ± 25.7 months. There were no reported failures of the LMORT repair. Postoperative complications were reported in 9 patients (36%). Seven of these patients underwent repeat arthroscopy of the index knee for stiffness, pain, and/or repeat injury. However, of the patients who had repeat arthroscopy at the same institution (6 patients), all demonstrated complete healing of the LMORT repair site during arthroscopic evaluation. For patients completing patient-reported outcome measures, there was a minimum follow-up period of 43 months from the initial date of surgery. The mean KOOS, MARS, and VAS were 86.3 ± 8.1, 6.7 ± 4.2, and 2.0 ± 1.3, respectively. Conclusions: Surgical repair of LMORTs results in low failure risk, low complication rates, and favorable patient-reported outcome measures. Further work is needed to evaluate for differences in outcomes between meniscus repair versus partial meniscectomy versus observation of these LMORT lesions.
Paper 44: In-Person Versus Virtual Interviews for Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Fellowship: Applicant Perspectives
Authors: Hoge Connor , Burger Joseph , Barnes Ryan , Flanigan David 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Virtual fellowship interviews were widely utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is published at this time about the preferences of applicants of orthopaedic surgery sports medicine fellowship positions regarding in-person versus virtual interviews. The purpose of this study is to determine the applicant cost-benefit willingness for both in-person and virtual interviews, assess the ability to learn about a program in a virtual setting, and to gauge the opinions of applicants on their preferences for in-person or virtual interviews. Methods: An online survey was distributed to all orthopaedic sports medicine applicants for the 2022-2023 match cycle through the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: Forty-five surveys were completed. Respondents had a mean age of 31.49 years (±2.49) with 38 (84.4%) identifying as male and 7 (15.6%) as female. Most applicants applied to between 31-40 (26.7%) or 21-30 programs (22.2%), while attending between 11-15 interviews (44.4%). 51.1% of applicants stated that ~25% of their interviews were virtual format, with 15.6% of all applicants attending over 50% of interviews in the virtual format. Most applicants spent between $2,500-$5,000 (35.7%) or $5,000-$7,500 (26.7%) on interviews. Applicants stated they would feel most comfortable spending between $2,500-$5,000 (46.7%) or $5,000-$7,500 (26.7%). 36.4% of applicants stated they completed less in-person interviews due to cost, and 52.3% said they would have completed less interviews overall if there was no virtual option. 68.2% of applicants stated distance traveled was irrelevant when electing to attend an interview virtually. When comparing in-person vs virtual interviews, applicants either strongly agreed or agreed that in-person interviews allowed them to better represent themselves (95.6% vs 44.4%), assess right “fit” (95.6% vs 28.9%) and sufficiently formulate a rank list (93.2% vs 40%) compared to virtual interviews. Conclusions: Fellowship applicants had strong preferences for in-person interviews in the orthopaedic surgery sports medicine fellowship match. Cost was a limiting factor in declining in-person interviews and most applicants attended more interviews due to virtual formats. Applicants did not feel that virtual interviews were sufficient for creating accurate rank lists.