bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational cohort study to investigate the impact of dolutegravir in pregnancy and its obesogenic effects on the metabolic health of women living with HIV and their children: Study protocol
Authors: Abrams Elaine J. , Jao Jennifer , Madlala Hlengiwe P. , Zerbe Allison , Catalano Patrick , Gerschenson Mariana , Goedecke Julia H. , Gomba Yolanda , Josefson Jami , Kurland Irwin J. , Legbedze Justine , McComsey Grace A. , Matyesini Sandisiwe , Mukonda Elton , Robinson Daniel , Myer Landon 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy is the World Health Organization’s preferred first-line regimen for all persons with HIV, including pregnant women. While DTG has been implicated as an obesogen associated with greater weight gain compared to other antiretrovirals, there is a paucity of data in pregnant women and their children. The Obesogenic oRigins of maternal and Child metabolic health Involving Dolutegravir (ORCHID) study is investigating associations between DTG, weight gain, and metabolic outcomes in the context of HIV.

Materials & methods
ORCHID is a prospective observational study taking place in Cape Town, South Africa (NCT 04991402). A total of 1920 pregnant women with and without HIV infection are being followed from ≤18 weeks gestational age to 24 months postpartum with their children. Participants attend eleven study visits: 3 antenatal, delivery, and 7 postnatal visits. Several embedded sub-studies address specific scientific aims. Primary outcome measurements in mothers include anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, dysglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia. Other maternal measures include demographics, resting energy expenditure, viral load, physical activity, dietary intake, hepatic steatosis, and repository specimens. Sub-study measurements include markers of adipose inflammation, gut integrity, and satiety/hunger, subcutaneous adipose tissue morphology and mitochondrial function, and metabolomics. Primary outcome measurements in children include anthropometry, adipose tissue mass, dysglycemia, IR, and dyslipidemia. Other variables include fetal growth, birth outcomes, medical/breastfeeding history, caloric intake, neurodevelopment, and repository specimens. Sub-study measurements include metabolites/lipid subspecies in umbilical cord blood, as well as breast milk composition and DTG exposure.

Discussion
ORCHID will play a pivotal role in defining obesogenic mechanisms and clinical consequences of DTG use in pregnancy in women with HIV and their children. It will provide insights into metabolic disease risk reduction in the context of HIV/DTG, identify intervention targets, and inform public health approaches to diminish chronic metabolic co-morbidities for women and children.
Identification of microbial antigens in liver tissues involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis using 16S rRNA metagenome analysis
Authors: Katsumi Tomohiro , Sato Hidenori , Murakami Ryoko , Hanatani Takumi , Uchiyama Fumi , Suzuki Fumiya , Maki Keita , Hoshikawa Kyoko , Haga Hiroaki , Saito Takafumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2024

Background
Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease, characterized by intrahepatic cholangiopathy. In particular, studies have suggested that environmental factors such as the presence of granulomas in the portal vein region are important for the development of PBC. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and identify foreign-derived antigens in PBC liver tissue to confirm their involvement in PBC pathogenesis.

Methods
Portal areas and hepatocyte regions were selectively dissected from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PBC liver tissue samples using the microlaser method, followed by total DNA extraction. We then validated whether the bacterial strains identified through 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis were detected in PBC liver tissues.

Results
The most frequently detected bacterial genera in the PBC liver tissue samples were Sphingomonas panacis, Providencia, and Cutibacterium. These bacterial genera were also detected in the other PBC samples. Validation for the detection of S. panacis, the most abundant genus, revealed polymerase chain reaction bands extracted from the portal areas of all samples. They were also more highly expressed than bands detected in the hepatocyte region.

Conclusion
S. panacis antigen was specifically detected in the portal areas of PBC liver tissues. The introduction of foreign-derived antigens into the liver as an environmental factor could be a possible mechanism for the development of PBC.
Tele-medicine controlled hospital at home is associated with better outcomes than hospital stay
Authors: Zychlinski Noa , Fluss Ronen , Goldberg Yair , Zubli Daniel , Barkai Galia , Zimlichman Eyal , Segal Gad 
Published: August 2024

Background
Hospital-at-home (HAH) is increasingly becoming an alternative for in-hospital stay in selected clinical scenarios. Nevertheless, there is still a question whether HAH could be a viable option for acutely ill patients, otherwise hospitalized in departments of general-internal medicine.

Methods
This was a retrospective matched study, conducted at a telemedicine controlled HAH department, being part of a tertiary medical center. The objective was to compare clinical outcomes of acutely ill patients (both COVID-19 and non-COVID) admitted to either in-hospital or HAH. Non-COVID patients had one of three acute infectious diseases: urinary tract infections (UTI, either lower or upper), pneumonia, or cellulitis.

Results
The analysis involved 159 HAH patients (64 COVID-19 and 95 non-COVID) who were compared to a matched sample of in-hospital patients (192 COVID-19 and 285 non-COVID). The median length-of-hospital stay (LOS) was 2 days shorter in the HAH for both COVID-19 patients (95% CI: 1–3; p = 0.008) and non-COVID patients (95% CI; 1–3; p < 0.001). The readmission rates within 30 days were not significantly different for both COVID-19 patients (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1; 95% CI: 0.49–2.04; p = 1) and non-COVID patients (OR = 0.7; 95% CI; 0.39–1.28; p = 0.25). The differences remained insignificant within one year. The risk of death within 30 days was significantly lower in the HAH group for COVID-19 patients (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.11–0.86; p = 0.018) and non-COVID patients (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.14–0.9; p = 0.019). For one year survival period, the differences were significant for COVID-19 patients (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.31–0.9; p = 0.044) and insignificant for non-COVID patients (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.4–1; p = 0.052).

Conclusions
Care for acutely ill patients in the setting of telemedicine-based hospital at home has the potential to reduce hospitalization length without increasing readmission risk and to reduce both 30 days and one-year mortality rates.
Evaluation of oral health services and challenges faced by oral health practitioners working in Nyarugenge, Rwanda
Authors: Nzabonimana Emmanuel , Malele-Kolisa Yolanda , Hlongwa Phumzile 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Oral healthcare professionals encounter considerable challenges while providing services to curb the oral disease burden. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges faced by oral health practitioners providing oral health services in Nyarugenge, Rwanda and to appraise the availability and adequacy of oral hygiene equipment, instruments, and materials.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional concurrent mixed methods study. The quantitative and qualitative parts were independent during data collection and analyses and merged during the interpretation phase. All seven public health facilities and 14 dental professionals working in Nyarugenge were included in the study. Data were collected using an audit checklist and an in-depth interview guide. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
Most of the dental health professionals were dental therapists (n = 11), women (n = 9), aged 31–40 years (n = 7), and with 11–20 years’ experience as oral health practitioners (n = 6). There were five health centers and two hospitals that were audited for equipment, instruments, and materials. The audit of the facilities revealed that most facilities have dental equipment and instruments, but none have adequate preventive dental instruments and materials. Four broad themes emerged from the interviews with the oral health practitioners, namely human resources, supply chain management, patients’ oral health awareness and service rendering, and strategic management and administration. The most significant challenges oral health practitioners faced included high dental practitioner/patient ratios, lack of adequate and appropriate equipment and materials, patients’ lack of oral health awareness, and a lack of administrative support.

Conclusions
Well-established community preventive interventions, such as a mobile oral health App, could reduce the patient/provider ratio by increasing population awareness of oral health and encouraging healthy behaviours. The management of the health facilities should address the human resource challenges and equipment supply chain issues.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN GAYA HIDUP HEDONISME TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Karamaha Radia 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Literasi keuangan, Inklusi keuangan dan Gaya Hidup Hedonisme terhadap pengelolaan keuangan mahasiswa Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dari sumber data primer dengan teknik kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui google form, kepada 75 responden dengan menggunakan Teknik probability sampling dengan metode stratified random sampling Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, uji t dan uji f. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Literasi keuangan (X1), dan Inklusi keuangan (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan mahasiswa manajemen. Sedangkan Gaya Hidup Hedonisme berpengaruh negative terhadap Pengelolaan keuangan (Y) Mahasiswa manajemen. Kata Kunci: Literasi Keuangan. Inklusi Keuangan, Gaya Hidup Hedonisme, dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa
Habermas und Fanon über koloniale Herrschaft
Authors: Kempf Victor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
From a decolonial perspective, Habermas’ theory is seen by many as Eurocentric and in philosophical alliance with colonial rule. In particular, his theory of progress is seen as offensive because it devalues non-Western ways of understanding in comparison to their modern Western counterparts. On the one hand, this is true. On the other hand, Habermas’ actual concept of progress can also be used to formulate a critique of colonialist development imperatives. Moreover, his concept of “systematically distorted communication” can make an interesting contribution to understanding colonial rule: even colonial rule is communicatively mediated, with the constant risk of dissent precariously held in check by racist discourse barriers. Fanon already provides strong starting points for this communication-theoretical view of colonial rule. With him, the decolonial struggles against racist discourse barriers also come into view.
Edith Stein über Species Sensibilis und Transzendentalen Idealismus
Authors: De Santis Daniele , Tropia Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper offers an assessment of some of the central aspects of Edith Stein’s conception of intentional acts proposed in Potency and Act. Studies Towards a Philosophy of Being. Her account hinges upon a combination of Thomistic and Husserlian concepts. She borrows from Aquinas two conceptual pairs that are central to his metaphysics and theory of knowledge: the actuality-potency dichotomy; and the distinction between sensible and intelligible species. The distinction and relevant articulation between sensible and intelligible species provide Stein with the basis to present her own conception of intentionality (with special focus on perception): the sensible species is regarded as the correlate of the object’s Gestalt; by contrast, the intelligible species is mobilised to account for what Husserl labels noesis-noema correlation. But Stein’s ambition is also to inscribe her account of the species sensibilis within an overall (critical) interpretation of Husserl’s transcendental idealism.
This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, financing the project “Intentionality and Person in Medieval Philosophy and Phenomenology” (GAČR 21-08256S).
New Technologies: End of Work or Structural Change?
Authors: Rademakers Emilie , Zierahn-Weilage Ulrich 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of new technologies, particularly automation and artificial intelligence (AI), on labor markets. The existing literature documents ambiguous and only limited overall employment effects, while new technologies induce significant shifts in workforce composition. The implied firm-level productivity gains primarily benefit larger, skilled-labor-intensive firms. AI adoption remains limited but continues to reshape skill demands. The implied worker reallocation is costly, exacerbating inequality. This calls for policies such as targeted support for displaced workers, investment in education and skill development, promoting technology diffusion, and encouraging complementary human capital investments.
Phytochemical characterization, biochemical profiling and evaluation of anticancer potential of methanolic extract of Withania somnifera stem
Authors: Srivastava Aditi , Ahmad Rumana , Siddiqui Sahabjada , Mehrotra Sudhir , Khan Mohsin A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Phytotherapy employs phytoconstituents/phytomedicines derived from plants for treating and preventing illnesses. Withania somnifera is known in the Indian Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia for its medicinal applications and pharmacological properties. In this study, we examined the biological activity spectrum of Withania somnifera methanolic extract of stem (WSME), which is valued as a “Rasayana” due to its extensive range of medicinal uses.

Methods
WSME was subjected to TPC and TFC quantification and bioactive components were characterized using LC-MS. Its antioxidant potential was gauged by DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging assays, while antibacterial efficacy was assessed against S. aureus and E. coli using disc diffusion assay. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells while toxicity was evaluated against normal Vero cells using MTT assay.

Results
WSME, rich in Withaferin A, showed TPC of 4.73 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g and TFC of 94.94 ± 6.15 mg QE/g dry weight of extract. It exhibited significant antioxidant activity (43.28 and 66.8 % inhibition at 1,000 μg/mL using DPPH and H2O2 assays, respectively) and mild antibacterial effects against S. aureus (300–500 mg/mL). WSME induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly inhibited their growth (IC50: 66 μg/mL, P value<0.05) without affecting normal Vero cells in the studied range of 25–400 μg/mL (IC50: 6.09 mg/mL, P value>0.05).

Conclusions
The present study lends support to further testing of WSME against other cancer cell lines and animal models of cancer. These preclinical studies would provide further validation to its prospective use as an adjunct in human breast cancer therapy.
Urinary biomarkers NG AL and beta-2 microglobulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sachan Nimisha , Dabas Aashima , Mantan Mukta , Dabla Pradeep K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To study the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) levels as markers of tubular damage in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods
Forty T1DM children and 40 age-matched controls were enrolled. Subjects with coexisting kidney disorder, intake of oral glucose lowering drugs and syndromic diabetes mellitus were excluded. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), kidney function, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), NGAL and β2M were measured and compared in cases and controls.

Results
The median (IQR) age of cases and controls was 10.6 (8, 14.2) and 10.7 (8.4, 13.7) years, respectively. Cases had disease duration of 4 (3, 6.8) years and HbA1c 10.9 (9, 13.1) %. Microalbuminuria was seen in 14 (35 %). Median (IQR) levels of UACR were higher in cases than controls [19.38 (10.27, 35.26) and 6.49 (3.10, 11.65) µg/mg; p<0.001], similarly NGAL/creatinine [352.21 (191.49, 572.45) and 190.54 (125.91, 322.83) ng/mg; p=0.006], unlike β2M/creatinine [1.7 (0.43, 6.02) and 2.12 (1.05, 4.47) µg/mg; p=0.637]. Children with higher HbA1c (≥10 %) had higher urinary ACR and tubular biomarkers than HbA1c<10 % (p>0.05). Urinary ACR showed positive correlation with NGAL/creatinine (r=0.38, p=0.019) and β2M/creatinine (r=0.42, p=0.009).

Conclusions
Urinary biomarkers NGAL and β2M were elevated in the presence of normal urinary microalbumin levels suggestive of early tubular damage in T1DM.
A customised fetal growth and birthweight standard for Qatar: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Farrell Thomas , Minisha Fathima , Khenyab Najat , Ali Najah Mohammed , Al Obaidly Sawsan , Yaqoub Salwa Abu , Pallivalappil Abdul Rouf , Al-Dewik Nader , AlRifai Hilal , Hugh Oliver , Gardosi Jason 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Customized birthweight centiles have improved the detection of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) babies compared to existing population standards. This study used perinatal registry data to derive coefficients for developing customized growth charts for Qatar.

Methods
The PEARL registry data on women delivering in Qatar (2017–2018) was used to develop a multivariable linear regression model predicting optimal birthweight. Physiological variables included gestational age, maternal height, weight, ethnicity, parity, and sex of the baby. Pathological variables such as hypertension, preexisting and gestational diabetes and smoking were calculated and excluded to derive the optimal weight at term.

Results
The regression model found a term optimal birthweight of 3,235 g for a Qatari nationality mother with median height (159 cm), booking weight (72 kg), parity (1) and gestation at birth (276 days) at the end of an uncomplicated pregnancy. Constitutional coefficients significantly affecting birthweight were gestational age, height, weight, and parity. The main pathological factors were preexisting diabetes (increase by +175.7 g) and smoking (decrease by −190.9 g). The SGA and LGA rates in the entire cohort after applying the population-specific customized centiles were 11.1 and 12.2 %, respectively (contrasting with the Hadlock standard: SGA-26.3 % and LGA-1.8 %, and Fenton standard: SGA-12.9 % and LGA-4.0 %).

Conclusions
Constitutional and pathological variations in fetal growth and birthweight apply in the maternity population in Qatar and have been quantified to allow the generation of customised charts for better identification of pregnancies with abnormal growth. Currently in-use population standards may misdiagnose many SGA and LGA babies.
Military Outlays and Economic Growth: A Nonlinear Disaggregated Analysis for a Developed Economy
Authors: Tsitouras Antonis , Tsounis Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is a dearth of comprehensive studies examining the compositional and asymmetric effects of defence spending on simultaneous economic growth. This study uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach to analyse how disaggregated defence spending affects economic growth in Greece in the short and long term. The results hold significant theoretical and practical policy implications. First, military spending boosts economic growth in the short term but hampers it in the long run. Second, the long-term effects of positive and negative defence spending shocks are distinct, with positive shocks more detrimental to economic growth than the benefits of negative shocks. Finally, our study reveals that personnel expenditures have the most significant and enduring effects on economic growth compared to other military spending categories. Based on these results, Greece should adopt a new defence doctrine that relies on extensive personnel reserves, prioritises state intelligence and production technology, and promotes domestic military equipment over expensive foreign options.
Migration Preferences Under Economic and Geopolitical Uncertainty: An Asymmetric Approach
Authors: Palaios Panagiotis , Chatzimichailidou Aikaterini 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper aims at assessing asymmetric dynamics among migration preferences and various security and economic factors, focusing on the movements from Syria to Turkey and then to the EU via the Greek sea borders (2010M1−2022M12). We perform an economic analysis by developing a utility model, according to which migration preferences depend on security and employment and empirically test asymmetric responses of migration to corresponding shocks. We contribute to the literature by finding that migration is downwards sticky. Despite that theories of international relations may not be monolithic, the magnitude of security impact on migration implies that the state remains the primary actor responsible for managing this phenomenon, which brings us closer to neo-realism theory of International Relations (IR). Our findings reveal the factors that lead to the downwards stickiness of migration thus contributing to a better understating of the incentives for migration and to the formulation of more efficient policies.
Wie Roboter die Welt (und das Wirtschaften) verändern: Ein Überblick über Daten, Forschungsergebnisse und wirtschaftspolitische Strategien
Authors: Jurkat Anne , Klump Rainer , Schneider Florian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der industrielle Einsatz von Robotern und die damit verbundenen Veränderungen wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Beziehungen sind ein schnell wachsendes Forschungsfeld. In diesem Beitrag geben Anne Jurkat, Rainer Klump und Florian Schneider einen Überblick über Datenquellen und aktuelle Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung zum Robotereinsatz. Nach einer Präsentation der thematischen Schwerpunkte der Forschung erörtern sie die unterschiedlichen Analyseebenen und die drei zentralen Wirkungseffekte des Robotereinsatzes (Produktivitäts-, Substitutions- und Wiedereinsetzungseffekt). Abschließend analysieren sie die aktuellen wirtschaftspolitischen Strategien zum Umgang mit Robotik in Deutschland, die auf die Sicherung von Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und technologischer Souveränität abzielen.