bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production Analysis in Multifrac Horizontal Wells Including the Effects of Adsorption, Mixed Wettability and Dual Porosity
Authors: Kalakkadu S. , Klinsky Alba A. D. , Callard J. G. , Devegowda D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Production Analysis is critical for operators in field development to characterize the combination of the hydraulic fracture stimulation treatment and the reservoir in order to improve completion practices and increase profitability. Typical production analysis workflows endeavor to determine the permeability and extent of the reservoir as well as the length, conductivity, and stage completion efficiency of the stimulation treatment. The advent of multi-frac horizontal wells has motivated the characterization of this combined system through fracture-fracture interference production analysis by recognizing the geometry inherent in stimulation completions. Production analysis also provides an evaluation of in-situ system permeability which in turn provides an evaluation of fracture lengths and fracture conductivity. Fracture-fracture interference and subsequent production decline provides an evaluation of reserves and recovery.
However for shale gas and shale oil reservoirs, the kerogen in organic rich shales is generally considered to be hydrophobic leading to a dual porosity system of mixed wettability including hydrophilic inorganic pores. In addition to free gas production in the matrix, there is a significant contribution to reservoir performance due to the presence of adsorbed gas production. This work focuses on a comprehensive simulation-based study to quantify these effects in order to enhance our ability to characterize shale reservoirs from production trends. To account for multicomponent fluids in shale oil reservoirs, we also employ a compositional equation-of-state model to investigate the influence of natural fractures and adsorption on production performance.
Efficient and Accurate Monitoring of Rod Pump Well Performance Using Real Time Data Processing and Visualization.
Authors: McCoy J. N. , Capps Kay , Podio A. L. , Rowlan O. L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Understanding the performance and behavior of a sucker rod pumping system can be a difficult and time consuming task but is a requirement to optimize the performance of a large number of wells by efficiently identifying and correcting production problems. Streamlined and optimized acquisition of dynamometer, fluid level and pressure data has been achieved using fourth generation wireless instrumentation that is quickly installed at the surface and is controlled by a user friendly graphical application that requires minimum user intervention.
During a well monitoring session the data records are acquired seamlessly without interruption of the operator's workflow. Results are displayed in real time including quantitative visualizations of the downhole rod pump operation, plunger motion, valve action and fluid flow. Pump intake and discharge pressures are computed and displayed in synchronization with plunger movement, pump liquid fillage, traveling valve operation and standing valve operation. The pump animation is computed by the solution of the wave equation using the polished rod load and acceleration data stream and presented simultaneously with the corresponding fluid distribution and pressures in the wellbore obtained from the acoustic fluid level survey. The user can see, at a glance, the total performance of the well and lift system without having to devote much time to interpret a conventional dynagraph or fluid level record. Evaluation of the performance of the well and artificial lift system is performed at the well so that reports and recommendations for optimization can be issued immediately.
This paper presents the physics and the practical aspects of the application of these advanced analysis and well monitoring tools. Case studies are presented showing analysis on a variety of wells.
Modeling and Analysis of Salt Cavern Natural Gas Storage
Authors: Barajas Pablo , Civan Faruk 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A rigorous modeling approach is developed for effective management and inventory analysis of natural gas storage in underground salt caverns by considering the interactions of storage gas with surface facilities through wells and surrounding salt formation. Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer modeling approaches are implemented to simulate the strongly-coupled fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems involving the cavern gas storage. Effective numerical methods and algorithms implemented in this work successfully generate the wellbore temperature and pressure distributions, gas cavern temperature, pressure, and velocity distributions, and temperature and pressure distributions of the gas leaking into the surrounding naturally-fractured salt formation. Practical applications are performed concerning typical gas injection, storage, and production scenarios and inventory analyses for regular and irregular shaped caverns. Reversible and irreversible losses of natural gas into surrounding salt formation through natural defects such as natural fractures and defects resulting from deformation, ballooning, and aging effects are taken into account. Maximum amounts of gas that can be stored up to the pressure safety limit of caverns are shown to vary with the cavern shapes. Thus, the cavern gas inventory analysis is not only dependent on temperature, pressure, and total volume of the cavern but also the cavern shape. Accurate prediction of the natural gas storage performance and inventories based on the present comprehensive simulation approach can be instrumental in effective management and balancing of the natural gas supply and demand.
Single Trip Drilling System with an Integral Deflector Allows Reliable Curve Building in Challenging Formation
Authors: Hildebrand J. , Swadi S. , Desai P. , Ervin D. , Gregurek P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The formation in Hemphill County, Texas and surrounding areas presents a number of challenges when drilling build section from a vertical pilot hole to form a horizontal lateral in the productive zone. The formation is hard and abrasive and it is difficult to anticipate rock properties downhole from one well to the next. The erratic nature of the formation results in unpredictable performance by the drill bit and steerable drilling assembly particularly in the build section of the curve. In many cases, the target build rates are not achieved forcing unnecessary multiple trips resulting in cost overruns.
To remedy the issue, a single trip drilling system was developed to provide a reliable kick-off setting leading to the designated landing point for the lateral. From the bottom up, the drilling system consists of a hydraulically set anchor, an integral deflector, a TCI rock bit mechanically attached to the top of the deflector, a positive displacement motor and measurement tools. The integral deflector provides a dependable kick-off point and a firm beginning in initiating the build section without having to rely on a cement plug or conventional tools requiring multiple trips. The procedure includes positioning the drilling system in the pilot hole at kick-off point, orienting the deflector face with MWD in a desired direction, installing the deflector by hydraulically setting the anchor, disengaging the BHA from the deflector and commencing drilling operations. All of these steps take place in a single downhole trip. Once the rock bit and the motor assembly pass the deflector, the sliding and rotating phase efficiently achieves the target build rate.
The authors will describe the system components and the running procedure. They will also discuss system performance in the Hemphill County application along with realized benefits to the operator, lessons learned and planned improvements.
Impacts of Reservoir Boundaries and Fractures Dimensions on Pressure Behaviors and Flow Regimes of Hydraulically Fractured Formations
Authors: Al Rbeawi Salam Jabbar Hussain , Tiab Djebbar 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing process is an important stimulation technique that has been widely used in conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The technique involves creation of fracture or fracture system in porous medium to overcome wellbore damage, to improve oil and gas productivity in low permeability reservoirs or to increase production in secondary recovery operations.
This paper introduces a new technique for interpreting pressures behavior of a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures. The well extends in multi-boundary reservoirs having different configurations. The hydraulic fractures in this model can be longitudinal or transverse, vertical or inclined, symmetrical or asymmetrical. The fractures are propagated in isotropic or anisotropic formations and considered having different dimensions and different spacing. The study has shown that pressure responses and flow regimes are significantly influenced by both reservoir's boundaries and fractures' dimensions. Different flow regimes have been observed for different conditions.
New flow regimes have been introduced in this study. The first one is the early radial flow regime which represents the radial flow around each fracture in the vertical plane resulted due to the partial vertical penetration of hydraulic fractures. The second one is the second linear flow regime which represents the linear flow toward each fractures in the vertical plane normal to the wellbore resulted due to the long spacing between fractures. Third one is the third linear flow regime which represents the linear flow in the vertical plane parallel to the wellbore after the pressure pulse reaches the upper and lower impermeable boundaries.
Cement Evaluation Challenges in Horizontal Wells - Guidelines for Providing Meaningful Data
Authors: Batcheller Gary W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In North America the primary drilling and completion activities are for horizontal wells. Inclined wellbores make it more difficult to get high quality cement log data and, hence, additional information is necessary for proper execution and evaluation. These guidelines intend to describe which information is required and other critical aspects that need to be considered for obtaining good quality data. Examples of both good and poor quality logs are shown.
The additional information that is needed for proper log execution and evaluation are drilling records such as a gamma ray log for depth control, casing/centralizer record, borehole size, deviation / dog leg severity data and geological data for formation tops and / or ground water identification. Cement slurry densities, maximum expected compressive strength plus pressure/rates used during cementing are also required. Log quality is reviewed with the following aspects in mind:
Common interpretation mistakes Tool selection Tool calibration Procedures during logging Log presentation formats Lightweight cement logging considerations
Using pertinent examples and evolving industry procedures, this paper provides necessary information for obtaining quality logs and performing a more effective cement evaluation for highly deviated or horizontal wells. Procedures and guidelines developed primarily for straight hole drilling have, unfortunately and too often, become the acceptable “norm”. Potential interpretation pitfalls have been included. These guidelines provided for will be useful for operators, service companies, and regulators alike to improve overall data and resulting interpretation quality.
Too many times relevant information is not provided and proper procedures are not followed resulting in a misleading or inaccurate interpretation of cement integrity. Therefore, incorrect decisions are being made. By adopting the guidelines presented in this paper better log quality data will result. This will then lead to better business decisions such as changing cementing/drilling procedures or determining if remedial repairs are needed. Better cement isolation could result in more effective stimulations and increased production or prevent fresh water contamination concerns or prevent some surface casing vent flow issues all of which could be very costly.
The Effect of Management Involvement on Vehicle Safety Improvement
Authors: Catten Corey , Johnson Casey 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The importance of management involvement in any safety initiative is well understood in the industry. Through our work in vehicle monitors, we discovered three necessary factors for safe driving behavior: real-time audible feedback of unsafe behavior in the vehicle, 2) an environment where the driver can change small unsafe choices for the safer without penalty, and 3) involvement by management or another interested third party to review the driving history and take action if necessary. Over the past several years, we observed varying degrees of management involvement leading to varying degrees of success in the safety improvement in the fleets we monitor. This paper quantifies the effect of the management involvement in terms of measured unsafe driving events.
The paper applies to HSE professionals and management working on land transportation safety programs based on the industry best practice for land transportation safety.
The paper shows that management attitudes alone dramatically affect the outcome of vehicle safety programs. Since vehicle-related accidents are the highest category of fatalities in oilfield work, the significance of this fact is lives… saved or lost.
Heavy-metal extraction capability of chalcogenoic aminophosphines derived from 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine
Authors: Sarıöz Özlem , Sürme Yavuz , Muradoğlu Vefa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAminophosphine of the type (Ph2PNHR) derived from 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine and its chalcogen derivatives (Ph2P(X)NHR X = S, Se) were used as ligands in solvent extraction of metal picrates such as Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ from the aqueous to the organic phase. Influence of parameters such as pH of the aqueous phase, ligand concentration in the organic phase, and concentration of the extractant extracted from the aqueous to the organic phase was investigated to determine the ligands’ ability to extract metal ions. Metal picrate extraction was investigated at 25°C using UV-VIS spectrophotometry in dichloromethane in the absence and in the presence of Ph2PNHR and chalcogenides. The extraction results revealed that the extraction percentage of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ metals was much higher at lower pH values, indicating an acidity dependent complexation equilibrium.
MyD88 Signaling in CD4 T Cells Promotes IFN-γ Production and Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Expansion in Response to Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Zhang Yubin , Jones Maura , McCabe Amanda , Winslow Gary M. , Avram Dorina , MacNamara Katherine C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) phenotype and function can change in response to infectious challenge. These changes can be mediated by cytokines, IFNs, and pathogen-associated molecules, via TLR, and are thought to promote tailored immune responses for particular pathogens. In this study, we investigated the signals that activate HSPCs during ehrlichiosis, a disease characterized by profound hematopoietic dysfunction in both humans and mice. In a mouse model of ehrlichiosis, we observed that infection-induced proliferation of bone marrow HSPCs was dependent on IFN-γ signaling and was partially dependent on MyD88. However, MyD88 was not required in HSPCs for their expansion during infection, because similar frequencies of MyD88-deficient and wild-type HSPCs proliferated in mixed bone marrow chimeric mice. MyD88-deficient mice exhibited low serum and bone marrow concentration of IFN-γ compared with wild-type mice. We next identified CD4 T cells as the primary cells producing IFN-γ in the bone marrow and demonstrated a nonredundant role for CD4-derived IFN-γ in increased HSPCs. Using mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, we identified a requirement for MyD88 in CD4 T cells for increased T-bet expression, optimal IFN-γ production, and CD4 T cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate an essential role for CD4 T cells in mediating HSPC activation in response to bacterial infection and illustrate a novel role for MyD88 signaling in CD4 T cells in this process. These findings further support the idea that IFN-γ production is essential for HSPC activation and hematopoietic responses to infection.
Restriction of HIV-1 Replication in Primary Macrophages by IL-12 and IL-18 through the Upregulation of SAMHD1
Authors: Pauls Eduardo , Jimenez Esther , Ruiz Alba , Permanyer Marc , Ballana Ester , Costa Helena , Nascimiento Rute , Parkhouse R. Michael , Peña Ruth , Riveiro-Muñoz Eva , Martinez Miguel A. , Clotet Bonaventura , Esté José A. , Bofill Margarida 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) can polarize into different subsets depending on the environment and the activation signal to which they are submitted. Differentiation into macrophages allows HIV-1 strains to infect cells of the monocytic lineage. In this study, we show that culture of monocytes with a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 led to macrophage differentiation that was resistant to HIV-1 infection. In contrast, M-CSF–derived MDM were readily infected by HIV-1. When monocytes were differentiated in the presence of M-CSF and then further treated with IL-12/IL-18, cells became resistant to infection. The restriction on HIV-1 replication was not dependent on virus entry or coreceptor expression, as vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped HIV-1 replication was also blocked by IL-12/IL-18. The HIV-1 restriction factor sterile α motif and HD domain–containing protein-1 (SAMHD1) was significantly overexpressed in IL-12/IL-18 MDM compared with M-CSF MDM, and degradation of SAMHD1 by RNA interference or viral-like particles carrying the lentiviral protein Vpx restored HIV-1 infectivity of IL-12/IL-18 MDM. SAMHD1 overexpression induced by IL-12/IL-18 was not dependent on IFN-γ. Thus, we conclude that IL-12 and IL-18 may contribute to the response against HIV-1 infection through the induction of restriction factors such as SAMHD1.
Advantages of Tonsillectomy done under Local Anesthesia compared to General Anesthesia in Adults
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sarika S , Ravishankara S , Appaji Mohan K , Goutham MK , Devi Nonthombam Pinky , Mushannavar Annapurna S 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesTonsillectomy using local anesthesia (local tonsillectomy) is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia in the healthy cooperative teenage or adult patients. Blood loss, morbidity, complications and patient satisfaction were better in some studies with tonsillectomies done under general anesthesia.DesignComparative case series analysis study of two groups of patients who underwent tonsillectomies under local and general anesthesia during the study period of 57 months from March 2007 to December 2011.Materials and methodsOverall 1,349 cases of tonsillectomies done for chronic tonsillitis were included under the study. Three hundred and sixty-seven cases operated under general anesthesia and 982 cases operated under local anesthesia were compared. The parameters compared were duration of surgery, blood loss and the mean pain visual analog score.ResultsSignificant difference in duration of surgery, blood loss during surgery and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were seen in the two groups with local anesthesia scoring over general anesthesia.ConclusionTonsillectomy under local anesthesia is a good alternate for the procedure under general anesthesia with limited resources and in cooperative adults.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Naik SS, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK, Goutham MK, Devi NP, Mushannavar AS. Advantages of Tonsillectomy done under Local Anesthesia compared to General Anesthesia in Adults. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(1):13-18.
An Ambiguous Growth in Floor of the Mouth
Authors: Vahanwala Sonal , Khosa Sukhjinder Kaur , Pagare Sandeep S , Nayak Chaitanya D 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPathologic growths of the oral soft tissues are fairly common and include a diverse group of reactive and neoplastic conditions. Enlargement of or in relation to salivary glands have many causes, chief among them being inflammatory, neoplastic or physiological alterations. Nonspecific enlargement without any detectable cause has been classified as idiopathic and has been rarely reported. We describe a case of a 23-year-old female patient with a growth in floor of the mouth that was treated with conservative surgical excision. The histopathological features and differential diagnosis of this rare lesion are described and discussed. The awareness of this lesion is important to highlight the variations in the hyperplasias found in oral cavity for avoiding diagnosis and treatment pitfalls.How to cite this articleKhosa SK, Nayak CD, Vahanwala S, Pagare SS. An Ambiguous Growth in Floor of the Mouth. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2013;4(1):51-54.
Cysticercosis Neck: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Agarwal SP , Kumari Malti 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTCysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the tapewormTaenia solium. Neurocysticercosis is the most common form of presentation. Extraneural lesions are solitary, rare and small in size which usually involves subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles and eyes. Human cysticercosis can occur after ingestion of pork tapeworm eggs, through feco-oral route by ingesting fecally contaminated food or by autoinfection. Solitary extraneural cysticercosis lesions may mimic other soft tissue lesions; this is the reason it is important to consider cysticercosis as a differential diagnosis during evaluating of patients with soft tissue lesions. We report a case of cysticercosis presenting as a large soft cystic swelling in the supraclavicular region of the neck. The diagnosis was suspected after ultrasonography and confirmed by microscopic examination.How to cite this articleKumar S, Agarwal SP, Kumari M. Cysticercosis Neck: A Rare Presentation. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2013;4(1):55-56.
Management of Postoperative, High Output Salivary Fistulas in Head and Neck Surgeries
Authors: Balasubramanian Karthikeyan , Mewa Jignesh , Tubachi Jagadish , Tubachi Jagadish Basavaraj 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTManagement of postoperative salivary fistulas is a difficult problem both from the surgeon and the patient's perspective. Managing salivary fistula is a time consuming process. Here, we present a simple, selfcare and effective technique for postoperative salivary fistula. It is cost-effective. It also reduces the burden on nursing care.How to cite this articleTubachi JB, Balasubramanian K, Mewa J, Pradhan S. Management of Postoperative, High Output Salivary Fistulas in Head and Neck Surgeries. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2013;4(1):59-60.