bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualising performance measurement and management: evaluating a social complexity framework
Authors: Mackenzie Helen , Bititci Umit 
Published: August 2024

PurposeAlternative theoretical perspectives on performance measurement and management (PMM) have been advanced in response to shortcomings observed with the dominant control systems-based paradigm. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain whether one such perspective, rooted in social systems theory and practice theory, can accommodate these shortcomings and positively impact organisational effectiveness (OE) and performance.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal critical realism-based case study research is employed in action research mode to investigate how adopting a social complexity perspective on PMM affected the behaviour and performance of a commercial organisation.FindingsThe case study observations suggest that by putting people and their behaviour and organisational practices at the centre of PMM, near-term organisational outcomes can be influenced favourably in complex and dynamic environments.Practical implicationsThis investigation provides a tool for undertaking a social complexity interpretation of PMM.Originality/valueThis research supports the proposal that complexity theory provides an alternative paradigm for managing performance in organisations and describes the first practical application of a social complexity interpretation of PMM. It presents a model for use and further development by other researchers.
Women-owned businesses and access to finance in Pakistan: a study of perceptions, experiences and behaviors
Authors: Altaf Mahnoor , Ullah Karim , Atiq Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions, experiences and behaviors of women entrepreneurs and industry professionals in raising finance for women-led businesses and associated problems faced by the women entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative research adopts a narrative inquiry strategy. In-depth interviews are used to collect data from women entrepreneurs and women industry professionals in Pakistan. NVivo qualitative data analysis software is used to organize, analyze and find insights in the qualitative data.

Findings
This research finds that women entrepreneurs struggle to secure financing for their businesses, and most of them have not been successful in obtaining loans from banks. Women entrepreneurs have relied on various sources of funding, including microfinance banks, grants, personal finance and family members. Some of the barriers to finance attainment for women entrepreneurs include sociocultural inhibitions, lack of awareness and limited information dissemination by financial institutions. Women professionals suggest that entrepreneurs should maintain a bank account, have proper documentation and show dedication to their business to improve their chances of obtaining financing.

Research limitations/implications
This research provides theoretical contributions and methodological advancements in the study of financial inclusion for women-owned businesses in Pakistan. This research raises awareness about the difficulties women entrepreneurs face when trying to obtain credit from banks and other financial institutions and provides policy recommendations to inform the government about financial inclusion policies and financing policies for women entrepreneurs. Overall, this research contributes to the literature on financial access and access to finance for women-owned businesses in developing countries.

Originality/value
Based on the vulnerable group theory and theory of discouraged borrower, this paper has two important theoretical and practical implications. First, the findings of this study reveal that the financial services are indifferent to women, and there is a denial of women being vulnerable in the financial system, hence requiring a major policy shift to not portray women as vulnerable, as they will rationally feel risky and prefer to opt out of the financial system. Second, the findings suggest that the issue of access to finance for women is not in the financial services but in the women's capabilities and awareness. Therefore, a policy shift is suggested from “financial services for women” to “capability and awareness of women” to avail and access the current services.
Biomimetic kinetic façade as a real-time daylight control: complex form versus simple form with proper kinetic behavior
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Heidari Shahin , Attia Shady , Wang Julian , Triantafyllidis Georgios 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aims to develop a methodology that extracts an architectural concept from a biological analogy that integrates forms and kinetic behavior to identify whether complex forms work better or simple forms with proper kinetic behavior for improving visual comfort and daylight performance.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs a transdisciplinary approach using several methods consisting of a biomimetic functional-morphological approach, kinetic design strategy, case study comparison using algorithmic workflow and parametric simulation and inverse design, to develop an interactive kinetic façade with optimized daylight performance.FindingsA key development is the introduction of a periodic interactive region (PIR), which draws inspiration from the butterfly wings' nanostructure. These findings challenge conventional perspectives on façade complexity, highlighting the efficacy of simpler shapes paired with appropriate kinetic behavior for improving visual comfort. The results show the façade with a simpler “Bookshelf” shape integrated with a tapered shape of the periodic interactive region, outperforms its more complex counterpart (Hyperbolic Paraboloid component) in terms of daylight performance and glare control, especially in southern orientations, ensuring occupant visual comfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while also delivering sufficient average spatial Daylight Autonomy of 89.07%, Useful Daylight Illuminance of 94.53% and Exceeded Useful Daylight Illuminance of 5.11%.Originality/valueThe investigation of kinetic façade studies reveals that precedent literature mostly focused on engineering and building physics aspects, leaving the architectural aspect underutilized during the development phase. Recent studies applied a biomimetic approach for involving the architectural elements besides the other aspects. While the biomimetic method has proven effective in meeting occupants' visual comfort needs, its emphasis has been primarily on the complex form which is difficult to apply within the kinetic façade development. This study can address two gaps: (1) the lack of an architectural aspect in the kinetic façade design specifically in the development of conceptual form and kinetic behavior dimensions and (2) exchanging the superficial biomimetic considerations with an in-depth investigation.
Green energy transition, economic complexity, green finance, and ecological footprint: Shaping the SDGs in the presence of geopolitical risk
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Yang Jie , Ahmad Mahmood , Ahmed Zahoor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAchieving sustainable development while mitigating environmental degradation is a pressing global challenge. Economic development, accompanied by industrialization, fossil fuel consumption, and unsustainable use of natural resources, is widely identified in the literature as a leading cause of environmental degradation. Green energy transition (GET) and economic complexity—the shift towards more advanced and knowledge‐driven manufacturing, can be crucial strategies in reducing ecological degradation and helping countries achieve climate change mitigation targets. Green finance can play an important role in environmental sustainability, while geopolitical risk can impede countries' climate mitigation efforts. In this context, this study investigates the impact of GET, economic complexity, green finance, and geopolitical risk on the ecological footprint in OECD countries from 1995 to 2021. These four critical factors are integrated into the same environmental policy framework due to their potential to influence environmental sustainability in OECD economies. The study employed the Method of Moments Quantile Regression to provide robust estimates across different quantiles. The empirical outcomes unveiled that GET significantly reduces the ecological footprint across all quantiles. The economic complexity posed a significant and negative impact across all quantiles except at the lower quantile (τ = 0.10). Green finance also poses a negative impact, indicating its effectiveness in promoting environmental sustainability. However, geopolitical risk exacerbates the ecological footprint. The control variables, GDP and urbanization, are found to increase the ecological footprint. In terms of policy implications, this study suggests that policymakers should focus on increasing the share of green energy, fostering economic complexity and green finance, and mitigating geopolitical tensions to reduce the ecological footprint and achieve environmental sustainability in OECD nations.
Forensic alcohol calculations in individuals under the age of 18
Authors: Maskell Peter D. , Officer Jane A. , Lowrie Carolyn , Wylie Fiona M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlcohol calculations are carried out in many forensic case types. On occasion, individuals under the age of 18 are involved, and alcohol calculations may be beneficial. To date, there are no studies that have determined the best way to estimate total body water (TBW) or alcohol elimination rates in juveniles for alcohol calculations. We utilized a data set of 207 females and 218 males, aged 3–18 years, from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, where TBW had been empirically measured, to evaluate the best anthropometric equation to use to estimate TBW in juveniles. For males aged 3–15 years and females aged 2–13 years, the equation of Wells et al. was the most accurate and precise (RMSE of ≤10.4% in males and ≤9.9% in females). For males aged 16+ years and females aged 14+ years, the equation of Watson et al. was more appropriate (RMSE ≤11.5% and ≤12.4%, respectively). Based on published studies where the alcohol elimination rate was determined in 43 juveniles (aged 10‐17 years) who were hospitalized due to alcohol consumption, a mean alcohol elimination rate of 16 mg/100 mL/h should be used. The recommended range being 9–25 mg/100 mL (5th–95th percentile). This study provides evidence that there are valid anthropometric equations to determine TBW and alcohol elimination rates that can be used for alcohol calculations in juveniles between the ages of 10 and 17.
Development of the insect adult fat body relies on glycolysis, lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion
Authors: Jin Ke‐Yan , Di Yu‐Qin , Liu Tian‐Wen , Zhao Xiao‐Fan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fat body of the holometabolous insect is remodeled by the degradation of the larval fat body and the development of the adult fat body during metamorphosis. However, the mechanism of adult fat body development is quite unclear. Using the agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera, the cotton bollworm, as a model, we revealed that the development of adult fat body was regulated by glycolysis, triglyceride (triacylglycerol [TAG]) synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion. RNA sequencing detected a set of genes that were upregulated in the 8‐d late pupal fat body at a late metamorphic stage compared with the 2‐d pupal fat body at an earlier metamorphic stage. The pathways for glycolysis, TAG synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion were enriched by the differentially expressed genes, and the key genes linked with these pathways showed increased expression in the 8‐d pupal fat body. Knockdown of phosphofructokinase (Pfk), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (Acc1), phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit (P110) and collagen alpha‐1(IV) chain (Col4a1) by RNA interference resulted in abnormal eclosion and death at pupal stages, and repressed lipid droplets accumulation and adult fat body development. The expression of Acc1, P110, and Col4a1 was repressed by the insect steroid hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). The critical genes in the 20E pathway appeared to decrease at the late pupal stage. These data suggested that the development of the insect adult fat body is regulated by glycolysis, lipids synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion at the late pupal stage when the 20E signal decreases.
Sensing volatiles throughout the body: geographic‐ and tissue‐specific olfactory receptor expression in the fig wasp
Authors: Krishnan Sushma , Karpe Snehal Dilip , Kumar Hithesh , Nongbri Lucy B. , Venkateswaran Vignesh , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Grosse‐Wilde Ewald , Hansson Bill S. , Borges Renee M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors (ORs) to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues. Our model species, Ceratosolen fusciceps, a specialist wasp pollinator of Ficus racemosa, likely possesses an OR repertoire that allows it to distinguish fig‐specific volatiles in highly variable environments. Using a newly assembled genome‐guided transcriptome, we annotated 63 ORs in the species and reconstructed the phylogeny of Ceratosolen ORs in conjunction with other hymenopteran species. Expression analysis showed that though ORs were mainly expressed in the female antennae, 20% were also expressed in nonantennal tissues such as the head, thorax, abdomen, legs, wings, and ovipositor. Specific upregulated expression was observed in OR30C in the head and OR60C in the wings. We identified OR expression from all major body parts of female C. fusciceps, suggesting novel roles of ORs throughout the body. Further examination of the OR expression of C. fusciceps in widely separated geographical locations, that is, South (urban) and Northeast (rural) India, revealed distinct OR expression levels in different locations. This discrepancy likely parallels the observed variation in fig volatiles between these regions and provides new insights into the evolution of insect ORs and their expression across geographical locations and tissues.
Back to the future: How economic history can gain more relevance by abandoning modernization thinking
Authors: van Bavel Bas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEconomic history has built a solid scientific foundation over the past decades but runs a risk of becoming marginalized. This paper suggests various ways to enhance its academic and societal relevance. It proposes taking pressing societal issues as clear starting points and using history as a ‘laboratory’ to address them. To effectively do so, a sharper focus on the social and environmental contexts of economic development would be needed. This may be furthered by closer involvement in multidisciplinary teams, where economic historians would bring in the chronological dimension, making use of their historical skills. Relevance will also be increased by abandoning modernization thinking. This would encourage more openness to processes of contestation, reversal, and divergencies, and more fully using the research opportunities offered by periods further back in time and all across the globe, not because these are different from the ‘modern’, Western situation but because they are relevant as sources of knowledge in themselves – knowledge that may be vital in light of the grave challenges present societies are facing.
Childhood cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the perinatal environment of the maternal–paternal–child triad
Authors: McGehee Diamond L. , Saben Jessica L. , Sims Clark R. , Turner Donald , Thakali Keshari M. , Diaz Eva C. , Sobik Sarah R. , Edwards Timothy , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Williams D. Keith , Børsheim Elisabet , Andres Aline 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIntroductionClustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.MethodsTriads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (n = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum‐based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years.ResultsIn this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low‐density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.ConclusionsDietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.
Prospective evaluation of one surgeon's first 100 cases of endocapsular phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Authors: Francis Ian C , Irvine Simon , O'Brien Damien PB , Haylen Margaret J , Schumacher R Steve , Alexander Stella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this series of one surgeon's first 100 cases of endocapsular phacoemulsification cataract surgery (EPECS), believed to be the first truly prospective study of its kind, 86% of patients achieved corrected vision of 6/6 to 6/4; 96% achieved vision of 6/12 or better; and excluding those with pre‐existing pathology, 99% achieved 6/12. Posterior capsular rupture occurred in 11 cases, with vitrectomy being required in eight cases. Detailed analysis of the 100 cases is provided.
The Koch endocapsular punch
Authors: Versace Patrick , Francis Ian C 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe technique of endocapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgery provides optimal surgical conditions and more reliable intraocular lens positioning in the capsular bag. Several capsulectomy techniques are in use to remove anterior capsule from the central zone. The Koch endocapsular punch provides a new technique for creating a continuous anterior capsulectomy.In this study the Koch punch was used in 96 eyes consecutively undergoing intended endocapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Ninety‐five eyes had appropriate lens centration at six months. There were no cases of vitreous loss. Ninety‐nine per cent of cases had visual acuity of 6/6 or better at six months.This data demonstrates the Koch endocapsular punch to be an effective and safe means for anterior capsulectomy.
Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy — primary and secondary
Authors: Benger Ross , Forer Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn endonasal approach was used to restore lacrimal drainage in both primary and secondary obstructions. Patients in the primary group had a history of keloid scar formation, or wished to avoid a scar and declined to have surgery performed via an external approach. Patients in the secondary group had undergone one or more previous unsuccessful lacrimal drainage repairs. A fibreoptic endonasal telescope, linked to a video monitor, and appropriate nasal and lacrimal instruments, were used. The approach proved highly successful, in both anatomical and functional terms, in each group. In the secondary group, the endonasal approach allowed direct visualisation and repair of both nasal and lacrimal causes of failure; this approach is our preference in this group. In the primary group, endonasal instrumentation had no advantage over a conventional external operation, other than avoiding a scar. The application of laser technology may make the endonasal approach a realistic option in primary DCRs as well.
Laser trabeculoplasty — argon or diode?*
Authors: Brooks Anne MV , Gillies WE 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is important to compare the pressure‐lowering effect of the recently introduced diode laser with that of the argon laser currently used for trabeculoplasty, since there is a considerable difference in their wavelengths. In 50 consecutive eyes of 50 patients argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) produced a fall from 23 to 18 mmHg at three months compared with a fall from 23 to 19 mmHg at three months with diode laser trabeculoplasty (DLT). This difference was not statistically significant. Comparing the magnitude of the fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) in these two groups of 50 eyes, 28 patients achieved a fall of 5 mmHg or more with ALT and 17 with DLT and this difference was significant (χ2 1df=4.04, P<0.05). Comparing 23 paired fellow eyes which both needed laser trabeculoplasty, those treated with ALT achieved a fall from 22 to 17 mmHg compared with a fall from 22 to 19 mmHg with DLT and this difference was statistically significant (T = 53.5, P<0.02, Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test). These results suggest that the pressure lowering effect of DLT is comparable to that of ALT, but ALT is somewhat more effective as shown by a greater fall in IOP after ALT than DLT in fellow eyes of the same patient. In the unpaired eyes the number of falls of 5 mmHg or more was significantly greater with ALT than DLT, although the mean fall was not statistically different between the two groups.
NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry reveals cone distributions in adult human retinae
Authors: Diaz‐Araya Claudia M , Provis Jan M , Billson Francis A 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry was used to identify and analyse the topography of cones in adult human retinae (in the age range 44 to 68 years). Retinae were treated for NADPH‐diaphorase reactivity, present in vascular walls, amacrine cells and cone and rod outer segments; a subpopulation of less intensely reactive profiles, morphologically resembling cones, possibly represents the blue cone population. Regularly spaced pairs of cones (one intensely labelled and one weakly labelled cone) were also apparent throughout the retina, and were most common along the horizontal meridian, particularly towards the periphery.The diameters and distributions of labelled cone outer segments were assessed using image analysis. Cone density in the adult retina ranged from 2000 per mm2 in the temporal periphery, to 82 000 to 120 000 per mm2 at the fovea centralis. Distribution patterns confirmed the presence of a cone streak, extending from the foveal region into nasal retina, but no evidence of superio‐inferior asymmetry was detected.
Chronic corneal ulceration
Authors: McCurrach F , Hurley I , Taylor H 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA patient presented with a history of chronic corneal ulceration and corneal hypoaesthesia. This proved to be an unusual presentation of breast carcinoma metastatic to the sphenoidal wing. This was an unexpected diagnosis in view of the long duration of ocular signs without other evidence of metastatic disease.