bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the timescales over which exogenous and endogenous conditions affect soil respiration
Authors: Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Cable Jessica M. , Bentley Lisa Patrick , Scott Russell L. , Huxman Travis E. , Jenerette G. Darrel , Ogle Kiona 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Understanding how exogenous and endogenous factors and above‐ground–below‐ground linkages modulate carbon dynamics is difficult because of the influences of antecedent conditions. For example, there are variable lags between above‐ground assimilation and below‐ground efflux, and the duration of antecedent periods are often arbitrarily assigned. Nonetheless, developing models linking above‐ and below‐ground processes is crucial for estimating current and future carbon dynamics.

We collected data on leaf‐level photosynthesis (Asat) and soil respiration (Rsoil) in different microhabitats (under shrubs vs under bunchgrasses) in the Sonoran Desert. We evaluated timescales over which endogenous and exogenous factors control Rsoil by analyzing data in the context of a semimechanistic temperature–response model of Rsoil that incorporated effects of antecedent exogenous (soil water) and endogenous (Asat) conditions.

For both microhabitats, antecedent soil water and Asat significantly affected Rsoil, but Rsoil under shrubs was more sensitive to Asat than that under bunchgrasses. Photosynthetic rates 1 and 3 d before the Rsoil measurement were most important in determining current‐day Rsoil under bunchgrasses and shrubs, respectively, indicating a significant lag effect.

Endogenous and exogenous controls are critical drivers of Rsoil, but the relative importance and the timescale over which each factor affects Rsoil depends on above‐ground vegetation and ecosystem structure characteristics.
Nasolabial appearance after two palatoplasty types in cleft lip and palate
Authors: Brudnicki A. , Bronkhorst E. M. , Nada R. , Dudkiewicz Z. , Kaminek M. , Katsaros C. , Fudalej P. S. 
Published: January 2014

Structured AbstractBackgroundFacial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). There is conflicting evidence on how deficient maxillary growth may affect nasolabial esthetics.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated nasolabial appearance in two groups, the Langenback (35 children; mean age 11.1 years; range: 7.9–13.6) and Vomerplasty (58 children; mean age 10.8 years; range: 7.8–14), who received unilateral CLP surgery by the same surgeon. The hard palate repair technique differed between the two groups. In the Langenback group, palatal bone on the non‐cleft side only was left denuded, inducing scar formation and inhibiting maxillary growth. In the Vomerplasty group, a vomerplasty with tight closure of the soft tissues on the palate was applied. Thirteen lay judges rated nasolabial esthetics on photographs using a modified Asher‐McDade's index.ResultsNasolabial esthetics in both groups was comparable (p > 0.1 for each nasolabial component). Inferior view was judged as the least esthetic component and demonstrated mean scores 3.18 (SD = 0.63) and 3.13 (SD = 0.47) in the Langenback and Vomerplasty groups, respectively. Mean scores for other components were from 2.52 (SD = 0.63) to 2.81 (SD = 0.62). Regression analysis showed that vomerplasty is related with slight improvement in the nasal profile only (coefficient B = −0.287; p = 0.043; R2 = 0.096).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the use of vomerplasty instead of the Langenbeck technique is weakly associated with the nasolabial appearance among pre‐adolescent patients with UCLP.
Local rhamnosoft, ceramides and L‐isoleucine in atopic eczema: a randomized, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Marseglia Alessia , Licari Amelia , Agostinis Fabio , Barcella Antonio , Bonamonte Domenico , Puviani Mario , Milani Massimo , Marseglia GianLuigi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundA non‐steroidal, anti‐inflammatory moisturizing cream containing rhamnosoft, ceramides, and L‐isoleucine (ILE) (pro‐AMP cream) has been recently developed for the specific treatment of atopic eczema (AE) of the face. In this trial, we evaluated the clinical efficacy and tolerability of pro‐AMP cream in the treatment of facial AE in children in comparison with an emollient cream.MethodsIn a randomized, prospective, assessor‐blinded, parallel groups (2:1) controlled trial, 107 children (72 allocated to pro‐AMP cream and 35 allocated to control group) with mild‐to‐moderate chronic AE of the face were enrolled. Treatments were applied twice daily for a 6‐week period. Facial Eczema Severity Score (ESS) was evaluated at baseline, week 3, and week 6, by an assessor unaware of treatment allocation. Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score was assessed at week 3 and at week 6. Tolerability was evaluated at week 3 and at week 6 using a 4‐point score (from 0: low tolerability to 3: very good tolerability).ResultsAt baseline ESS, mean (SD) was 6.1 (2.4) in the pro‐AMP cream group and 5.3 (3) in the control group. In the pro‐AMP group, in comparison with baseline, ESS was significantly reduced to 2.5 (−59%) after 3 wks and to 1.0 (−84%) at week 6 (p = 0.0001). In the control group, ESS was reduced to 3 (−42%) at week 2 and to 2.6 (−50%) at week 6. At week 6, ESS in pro‐AMP cream was significantly lower than the control group (1.0 vs. 2.6; p = 0.001). Both products were well tolerated.ConclusionPro‐AMP cream has shown to be effective in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate chronic lesion of AE of the face. Clinical efficacy was greater in comparison with an emollient cream. (Clinical trial Registry: NTR4084).
Improvements in patient blood management for pediatric craniosynostosis surgery using a ROTEM®‐assisted strategy – feasibility and costs
Authors: Haas Thorsten , Goobie Susan , Spielmann Nelly , Weiss Markus , Schmugge Markus 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundModerate to severe intraoperative bleeding and the presence of acquired coagulopathy remain serious problems in the management of major pediatric craniosynostosis surgery. After implementation of a ROTEM®‐assisted patient blood management (PBM) strategy, using primarily purified coagulation factor concentrates, feasibility and costs of this new regimen were analyzed.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive children who underwent primary elective major craniofacial surgery for craniosynostosis repair was carried out at the Children's University Hospital, Zurich, between 2007 and 2013. Laboratory workup and transfusion requirements were compared.ResultsA total of 47 children (36 in the historic group and 11 after implementation of PBM) were analyzed. Although all patients in this study needed transfusion of red blood cell concentrates, there was a total avoidance of perioperative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and a reduction in transfused platelets (one of nine children vs nine of 36 children in the historic group) after implementation of the PBM strategy. Based on a predefined ROTEM® threshold in the PBM group (FibTEM MCF <8 mm), administration of fibrinogen concentrate was necessary in all of these children. The mean total costs per patient consisting of transfused allogeneic blood products and coagulation factor concentrates were reduced by 17.1% after implementation of PBM (1071.82 EUR per patient before vs 888.93 EUR after implementation).ConclusionsThe implementation of a ROTEM®‐assisted PBM is feasible and is associated with a considerable reduction in intraoperative transfusion requirements and thereby a decrease in transfusion‐related direct costs.
The effects of dexmedetomidine on early stage renal functions in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac angiography using non‐ionic contrast media: a double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bayram Adnan , Ülgey Ayşe , Baykan Ali , Narin Nazmi , Narin Figen , Esmaoglu Aliye , Boyaci Adem 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundIn this study we aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on early stage renal function in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac angiography.Methods60 pediatric patients between 6 and 72 months of age undergoing cardiac angiography were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. The patients in both groups were administered 1 mg·kg−1 ketamine, 1 mg·kg−1 propofol as bolus and followed by 1 mg·kg−1·h−1 ketamine and 50 μg·kg−1·min−1 propofol infusion. Additionally, a loading dose of 1 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine given over 10 min followed by 0.5 μg·kg−1·h−1 dexmedetomidine infusion to patients in group D. The patients were evaluated for NGAL, creatinine, renin, endothelin‐1, TAS and TOS blood levels before the procedure and 6th and 24th h after the procedure. pRIFLE criteria were used to define CIN and its incidence in the study.ResultsAccording to pRIFLE criteria contrast‐induced acute kidney injury developed in 3 (10%) of the patients in group D and 11 (36.7%) of the patients in group C (P = 0.029, risk ratio = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.084–0.88). In patients who developed CIN, Endothelin‐1 levels in groups C and D were significantly higher than baseline levels at 6th, 24th and 6th h, respectively. Renin levels were significantly increased at 6th and 24 th h in patients with CIN in both groups.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine may be beneficial in protecting against contrast‐induced nephropathy during pediatric angiography by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents such as plasma endothelin‐1 and renin.
A step towards understanding plant responses to multiple environmental stresses: a genome‐wide study
Authors: SEWELAM NASSER , OSHIMA YOSHIMI , MITSUDA NOBUTAKA , OHME‐TAKAGI MASARU 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn natural habitats, especially in arid areas, plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple abiotic stresses, such as salt, osmotic and heat stresses. However, most analyses of gene expression in stress responses examine individual stresses. In this report, we compare gene expression in individual and combined stresses. We show that combined stress treatments with salt, mannitol and heat induce a unique pattern of gene expression that is not a simple merge of the individual stress responses. Under multiple stress conditions, expression of most heat and salt stress‐responsive genes increased to levels similar to or higher than those measured in single stress conditions, but osmotic stress‐responsive genes increased to lower levels. Genes up‐regulated to higher levels under multiple stress condition than single stress conditions include genes for heat shock proteins, heat shock regulators and late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAs), which protect other proteins from damage caused by stresses, suggesting their importance in multiple stress condition. Based on this analysis, we identify candidate genes for engineering crop plants tolerant to multiple stresses.
Functional polymorphism (C‐824T) of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene affects IQ in schizophrenia
Authors: Horiguchi Mieko , Ohi Kazutaka , Hashimoto Ryota , Hao Qinyu , Yasuda Yuka , Yamamori Hidenaga , Fujimoto Michiko , Umeda‐Yano Satomi , Takeda Masatoshi , Ichinose Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

AimsProgressive cognitive decline has been an important issue in the treatment and care of patients with schizophrenia. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of catecholamine, including dopamine and noradrenaline. In this report, we examined a possible association of a genetic variant in the TH promoter region.MethodsAssociation of a genetic variant in the TH promoter region, C‐824T (rs10770141), with intellectual ability in 132 patients with schizophrenia and 282 healthy subjects was examined. The transcriptional activity of the plasmids harboring the TH promoter region with either C or T nucleotide at −824 was assayed using a luciferase gene as a reporter.ResultsWe found significant effects of the genotype on the full‐scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ, in patients with schizophrenia. IQ was lower in individuals with the C/C genotype than those with T carriers. The plasmid with the T allele at −824 showed higher transcriptional activity than that with the C allele in a transient transfection experiment using a luciferase gene as a reporter, implying that the T carriers may have higher TH activities and retain higher levels of catecholamines in the brain.ConclusionsThe present data suggest that the biosynthesis of catecholamine by the action of TH should be deeply involved in decreased intellectual ability in patients with schizophrenia. This is the first report, as far as we know, showing a correlation between TH expression and IQ in humans.
Variant cardiovascular regulation in children with postural tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Yoshida Seiji , Tanaka Hidetaka , Nakao Ryota , Okamoto Naoyuki , Kajiura Mitsugu , Kanbara Yukiko , Azuma Sahoko , Tamai Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPostural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) manifests as marked tachycardia while standing. We noticed two forms of circulatory response to orthostatic stress in POTS. We investigated cardiovascular and autonomic nervous response to orthostatic stress in the two forms.MethodsWe studied 79 patients with POTS and 38 healthy control subjects (Ct). Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were non‐invasively and continuously measured in the supine and standing positions. Autonomic nervous function was evaluated on power spectral analysis of HR variability and diastolic BP variability. We divided the subjects into two groups: standing‐induced tachycardia (SI group; increase in HR ≥35 beats/min) and supine tachycardia (Su group; standing HR ≥115 beats/min with standing‐induced HR increase <35 beats/min).ResultsThe Su group had higher supine BP and HR compared with the other groups, indicating dominant sympathetic control of the heart in the supine position. While rising, the SI group had a higher increase in HR than the Ct group, indicating excessive withdrawal of vagal tone. The Su group had a smaller increase in HR and a greater decrease of systolic BP and cardiac index by standing compared with the SI group. These results suggest that compensatory mechanisms of sympathetic function during standing failed in the Su group, probably because of exhaustion by the nearly maximum effort to generate sympathetic drive even in the supine position with low central blood volume.ConclusionThere is a difference between the two types of POTS, in the balance of resting autonomic function and hemodynamic response to standing.
Serological assessment of measles–rubella vaccination catch‐up campaign among university students
Authors: Takeuchi Jiro , Goto Masashi , Kawamura Takashi , Hiraide Atsushi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, 5000–300 000 persons contracted measles every year until 2001. The measles/rubella‐combined (MR) vaccination at age 17–18 years (phase 4 MR vaccination: MR‐IV) was launched in 2008 in Japan as a measles–rubella catch‐up campaign. A serological assessment of this campaign has not been thoroughly performed.MethodsTiters of anti‐measles and anti‐rubella immunoglobulin G antibodies, and past medical history including measles and rubella vaccination and infection were obtained from first‐year university students in 2008 and 2009, and the immune status against measles and rubella was compared between students at the target MR‐IV age (the target age group) and those 1 year older than the target age (non‐target age group).ResultsA total of 186 students were in the target age group and 146 were in the non‐target age group. The proportion of students with a history of measles and rubella infection was not significantly different between the two groups (8.8% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.41 and 11.0% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.75, respectively). A history of two or more measles and rubella vaccinations was significantly more frequent in the target age group (85.2% and 54.9%, respectively) than in the non‐target age group (20.8% and 13.2%, respectively; both P < 0.001). Prevalence of seropositivity for measles and for rubella was also higher in the target age group (98.9% and 97.8%, respectively) than in the non‐target age group (91.0% and 87.5%, respectively; both P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe MR‐IV catch‐up campaign helped achieve herd immunity and will contribute to the elimination of measles and rubella.
Cyclosporine for acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihiro , Motoi Hirotaka , Oyama Yoshitaka , Ichikawa Kazushi , Takeshita Saoko , Mori Masaaki , Nezu Atsuo , Yokota Shumpei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAcute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common syndrome among the acute encephalopathies, and is associated with a high incidence of neurologic sequelae. This study examined the efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) for the treatment of AESD.MethodsFourteen children with AESD were recruited and categorized as group A (not receiving CsA) and group B (receiving CsA). Clinical course, laboratory data, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into three types according to the distribution of abnormalities on MRI: frontal lobe predominant type, unilateral cerebral hemisphere type, and diffuse type. We used the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale (PCPC) and the Pediatric Overall Performance Category scale (POPC) as prognostic measures.ResultsOf the 14 children, five were boys (age range, 9–32 months). PCPC score was: 1 for seven patients, 2 for three patients, and 3 for four patients. There was no significant difference in PCPC between groups A and B (P = 0.293). POPC score was: 1 for six patients, 2 for five patients, and 3 for three patients. There was a significant difference in POPC between groups A and B when patients with the frontal lobe predominant type were excluded (P = 0.020).ConclusionsCsA could improve the neurological prognosis of patients with AESD, except for those with frontal lobe predominant type.
Photosensitive and Biomimetic Core–Shell Nanofibrous Scaffolds as Wound Dressing
Authors: Jin Guorui , Prabhakaran Molamma P. , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTissue engineered skin grafts that mimic the native extracellular matrix of skin has gained huge popularity among clinicians since they increase the survival rate of the patients. Phototherapy shows promising results with respect to acute and chronic pain relief, treatment of inflammatory conditions and promotion of wound healing. Here, we encapsulated a photosensitive polymer poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and epidermal growth factor in the core–shell‐structured Gelatin/poly(L‐lactic acid)‐co‐poly‐(ε‐caprolactone) nanofibers [Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs)] by coaxial spinning and studied the potential application of the Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) nanofibrous scaffold as a novel skin graft. The proliferation of fibroblasts was significantly improved on Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) under light stimulation compared to fibroblasts on the same scaffold under dark condition. Studies on the in vitro wound healing ability of Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) showed complete closure of wound after 9 days under “light stimulation” too. Furthermore, the potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate to epidermal cells on Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) was evaluated. The differentiated ASCs with keratinocytes morphology were only found on the light stimulated Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs). Our results suggest that the photosensitive core–shell Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) nanofibers could be a novel substrate to aid in the reestablishment of skin architecture.
Modesty as Kindness
Authors: Wilson Alan T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe trait of modesty has received significant philosophical attention in recent years. This is due, in part, to Julia Driver's claim that modesty is able to act as a counter‐example to intellectualist accounts of the nature of virtue. In this paper I engage with the debate about the nature of modesty by proposing a new account. ‘Modesty as kindness’ states that the trait of modesty ought to be considered as intimately connected with the more fundamental virtue of kindness. I set out the account, explain its benefits and defend it against possible objections. I then ask whether or not the intense focus on the trait of modesty has actually furthered our understanding of the nature of virtue more generally, and suggest that alternative approaches ought to be considered.
Does Conceivability Entail Metaphysical Possibility?
Authors: Mizrahi Moti , Morrow David R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’, which is the view that ideal primary positive conceivability entails primary metaphysical possibility, is self‐defeating. To this end, we outline two reductio arguments against ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’. The first reductio shows that, from supposing that ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’ is true, it follows that conceivability both is and is not conclusive evidence for possibility. The second reductio shows that, from supposing that ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’ is true, it follows that it is possible that ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’ is necessarily false, and hence that ‘Weak Modal Rationalism’ is false. We then argue that adopting a weaker position according to which conceivability is merely prima facie evidence for possibility provides limited protection from our criticism of conceivability arguments.
The mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors on arrival in the host country
Authors: Vervliet Marianne , Meyer Demott Melinda A. , Jakobsen Marianne , Broekaert Eric , Heir Trond , Derluyn Ilse 
Published: January 2014

Despite increasing numbers of unaccompanied refugee minors (UM) in Europe and heightened concerns for this group, research on their mental health has seldom included the factor “time since arrival.” As a result, our knowledge of the mental health statuses of UM at specific points in time and over periods in their resettlement trajectories in European host countries is limited. This study therefore examined the mental health of UM shortly after their arrival in Norway (n = 204) and Belgium (n = 103) through the use of self‐report questionnaires (HSCL‐37A, SLE, RATS, HTQ). High prevalence scores of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were found. In addition, particular associations were found with the number of traumatic events the UM reported. The results indicate that all UM have high support needs on arrival in the host country. Longitudinal studies following up patterns of continuity and change in their mental health during their trajectories in the host country are necessary.
Support for Repealing Prohibition: An Analysis of State‐Wide Referenda on Ratifying the 21st Amendment
Authors: Dinan John , Heckelman Jac C. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThe 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution repealing national prohibition is the only amendment ratified by state conventions rather than state legislatures. The referenda held to select delegates for these conventions offer a promising source of data for identifying determinants of support for prohibition repeal.MethodsWe use various proxy measures to determine the importance of economic, political, and demographic forces in motivating support for electing pro‐repeal delegate slates to state ratifying conventions.ResultsUrbanization, per‐capita income, percentage of Catholics, and support for the Democratic Party were correlated with support for prohibition repeal. Neither the percentage of evangelical denominations, gender distribution, nor foreign‐born population appeared to significantly influence referenda returns.ConclusionsThis study confirms the conventional understanding regarding Catholic opposition to prohibition and higher income areas’ support for repeal. The findings also indicate that congressional backers of repeal were correct in calculating that submitting the 21st Amendment to popularly elected state conventions, rather than rural‐dominated state legislatures, would improve the chances of ratification. Moreover, support for repeal among Democratic congressmembers and party leaders appears to have extended to rank‐and‐file Democratic voters as well.