bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐aided discovery of novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands to regulate CYP1A1 expression in inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Chen Kerui , Luo Li , Tu Gao , Yang Jingyi , Pu Wang , Zhu Junyu , Xue Weiwei , Zhang Rui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe environmental factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a key protein connecting the external environmental signals (e.g., environmental endocrine disruptor TCDD) to internal cellular processes, is involved in the activation of peripheral macrophages and inflammatory response in human body. Thus, there is widespread interest in finding compounds to anti‐inflammatory response in macrophages by targeting human AhR. Here, ensemble docking based‐virtual screening was first used to screen a library (~200,000 compounds) against human AhR ligand binding domain (LBD) and 25 compounds were identified as potential inhibitors. Then, 9 out of the 25 ligands were found to down‐regulate the mRNA expression of CYP1A1 (a downstream gene of AhR signaling) in AhR overexpressing macrophages. The most potent compound AE‐411/41415610 was selected for further study and found to reduce both mRNA and protein expressions level of CYP1A1 in mouse peritoneal macrophage. Moreover, protein chip signal pathway analysis indicated that AE‐411/41415610 play a role in regulating JAK–STAT and AKT–mTOR pathways. In sum, the discovered hits with novel scaffolds provided a starting point for future design of more effective AhR‐targeted lead compounds to regulate CYP1A1 expression of inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.
Progressive bone loss and bleeding on probing: A cohort study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Padhye Ninad , Kallab Sandra , Dahmer Iulia , Begic Amira , Tiede Stefanie , Schwarz Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate whether a progressive marginal bone loss (PMBL) occurring beyond the initial bone remodeling (IBR) is linked with bleeding on probing.Materials and MethodsA total of 70 partially edentulous patients exhibiting 112 two‐piece bone‐level implants were included in this retrospective study. Panoramic radiographs were obtained after implant insertion (T0), after delivery of a final prosthetic restoration (T1) and subsequently during the 1‐(T2), 5‐(T3), 10‐(T4), and 15‐years (T5) follow‐up visits. At each time point, radiographic marginal bone levels were assessed from the implant shoulder to the first bone‐to‐implant contact at mesial and distal aspects. The IBR was defined as a bone loss occurring up to prosthesis delivery, that is, from T0 to T1. The PMBL was defined as bone loss occurring after T1. At T2, T3, T4, and T5, the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded at four sites. A median regression with mixed models was performed to assess the difference of PMBL in PMBL + BOP+ and PBML + BOP− groups.ResultsOver the mean implant functioning time of 4.44 ± 4.91 years, 38 (34%) implants showed no PBML, whereas 74 (66%) implants featured PMBL. Of these, 35 (47%) and 39 (53%) implants were assigned to the PMBL + BOP− and PMBL + BOP+ groups, respectively. The mean PMBL after 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were comparable between implants featuring PMBL with or without BOP. At 1 year, BOP intensity significantly correlated PMBL, with each increase in one BOP‐positive site being associated with increase in PMBL by 0.55 mm (p = 0.038), whereas this association was not found at 5, 10, and 15 years. The IBR values in the no PBML, PMBL + BOP+, and PBML + BOP− groups were −0.24 ± 0.31, −0.41 ± 0.59, and −0.24 ± 0.33 mm, respectively, with no significant differences found among the groups.ConclusionProgressive bone loss at implant sites is not always linked with bleeding on probing.
Signaling sustainability: Do Canadian consumers prefer broad or narrow food sustainability labels?
Authors: Yang Yang , Hobbs Jill E. , Fulmes Megan , Smyth Stuart J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainability labeling has been increasingly integrated into many food product labels in response to consumer interest in purchasing sustainably produced food. While a product label may contain the phrase “sustainably produced”, little additional information is available to consumers regarding how sustainability has been enhanced, or the dimensions of sustainability encompassed by the label. Using data from a survey of 1416 Canadian consumers, we examine consumer perceptions of sustainability and preferences for broad versus narrow sustainability claims across several contexts, including the dimensions of sustainability and the scope of a sustainability standard with respect to compliance criteria, product coverage, and geographical coverage. We find low levels of consumer knowledge and understanding of sustainability labeling, heterogeneity with respect to which dimension of sustainability appeals to different types of consumers, and a general preference for broad over narrowly defined sustainability labels, particularly with respect to the scope of criteria encompassed by the label. Our findings suggest some confusion as to what constitutes sustainability in the context of agri‐food, but that broader, more encompassing labels are likely to gain more traction with consumers.
Verbal evasion among Iranian presidential candidates
Authors: Yousofi Nouroddin , Najafi Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClarity is an integral part of communication and a highly substantial speech principle. However, it is widely recognized that when public figures are confronted with unfavorable questions, they may choose to break the principle of clarity in communication and avoid direct reponses. In this regard, the present study attempts to provide a synopsis of the aspects of answering and evading employed by politicians in the context of Iran. To accomplish this goal, Bull's framework of evasion in news interviews and its subgenre was adopted. Data were collected from the tenth presidential candidates' debates in 2009 (the freest and the most controversial presidential debate, among others) between six Iranian candidates, including MirHosseyn Musavi, Mehdi Karubi, Mahmoud Ahmadinezhad, and Mohsen Rezaee. After analyzing the conversations, the questions in the debates were divided into two groups: those answered and those not. The unanswered questions, based on Bull's 12 techniques of evasion, were analyzed and incorporated into one of the 12 categories. The findings indicated that Iranian presidential candidates were largely evasive, and most of the time, they “ignored the question” when they were not eager to answer. Moreover, it was revealed that reformists, compared to fundamentalists, were more evasive.
Social class, smartphone advertising exposure, self‐esteem, and materialism: The case of children in Lebanon
Authors: Sayah Rita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current compounded economic crisis in Lebanon has increased poverty rates and widened the gap between families of different socioeconomic classes. Little is known about the impact of advertising, particularly smartphone advertising, on the self‐esteem and materialism levels of children in developing countries like Lebanon. This study aimed to measure the differences among children coming from lower and upper socioeconomic classes in the following: smartphone advertising exposure, materialism and self‐esteem, vulnerability to the effects of smartphone advertising exposure on materialism, and vulnerability to the effects of materialism on self‐esteem. It was found that advertising affected negatively the self‐esteem of the children coming from lower social classes, including the “newly poor,” because in the current economic situation, children who are more exposed to advertising are more likely to believe in advertising, have lower self‐satisfaction, and believe themselves to be inferior for not owning the various products that are advertised, which lead them to become more materialistic than children from wealthier families. On the other hand, advertising had a reinforcing effect on materialism among more affluent children. In addition, and contrary to the expected, children from higher social classes, and not children from deprived households, were more susceptible to the impact of advertising on materialism. These findings enlighten us on the significant role that today's advertising plays in societies with wide socioeconomic disparities.
I balance suffering(s): The politics and moralities of humanitarian caseworkers in Egypt as a refugee transit point
Authors: Magdy Ramy , Yasser Mai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a world where asylum and migration have become major concerns for countries of transit and destination, political neutrality seems to be demanded from humanitarian workers. But under the pressures of workload, limited funds, and complex settings, these actors deviate from expectations and practice extra‐legal authority of a unique political nature. When handling asylum cases, these agents take crucial decisions that decisively impact the lives of asylum seekers. In legally fragile transit points where the rule of law faces challenges and where asylum seekers come seeking further resettlement in European countries, rejected applicants face risky fates of deportation, jail, violence, or death. In turn, humanitarian caseworkers pushed by workloads, purse strings, emotional burnout, and compassion fatigue, flatten the sufferings of their applicants, balance, and rank them. Caseworkers have to rank sufferings and decide who may eventually survive and who may simply be left to a risky unknown. In Agambian terms, this extralegal authority draws the lines, creates a zone of exception and throws rejected applicants into the realm of “Bare Life” where they become “Homo Sacer,” whose life is worthless. Using Lipsky's theorization of street‐level bureaucrats and in‐depth interviews, the paper tackles these crucial issues by interviewing caseworkers from a variety of international organizations operating in the transit point of Egypt. These caseworkers are responsible for conducting different roles in the Refugee Status Determination process.
Time series generative adversarial network for muscle force prognostication using statistical outlier detection
Authors: Bansal Hunish , Chinagundi Basavraj , Rana Prashant Singh , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMachine learning approaches, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), effectively perform various tasks and provide new predictive models for complicated physiological systems. Examples of Robotics applications involving direct human engagement, such as controlling prosthetic arms, athletic training, and investigating muscle physiology. It is now time for automated systems to take over modelling and monitoring tasks. However, there is a problem with the massive amount of time series data collected to build accurate forecasting systems. There may be inconsistencies in forecasting muscle forces due to the enormous amount of data. As a result, anomaly detection techniques play a significant role in detecting anomalous data. Detecting anomalies can help reduce redundancy and free up large storage space for storing relevant time‐series data. This paper employs several anomaly detection techniques, including Isolation Forest (iforest), K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Open Support Vector Machine (OSVM), Histogram, and Local Outlier Factor (LOF). These techniques have been used by Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM), Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Prophet models. The dataset used in this study contained raw measurements of body movements (kinematics) and the forces generated during walking (kinetics) of 57 healthy people (29 Female, 28 Male) without walking abnormalities or recent leg injuries. To increase the data samples, we used TimeGAN that generates synthetic time series data with temporal dependencies, aiding in training robust predictive models for muscle force prediction. The results are then compared with different evaluation metrics for five different samples. It is found that anomaly detection techniques with LSTM, ARIMA, and Prophet models provided better performance in forecasting muscle forces. The iforest method achieved the best Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r) of 0.95, which is a competitive score with existing systems that perform between 0.7 and 0.9. The methodology provides a foundation for precision medicine, enhancing prognostic capability over relying solely on population averages.
Fracture mechanism of Ti60 alloy at high temperature in very high cycle fatigue regime and fatigue life prediction
Authors: Zhou Qikai , Huang Zhiyong , Qian Hongjiang , Wang Jian , Shen Zeshuai , Pan Kai , Chen Yonghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the failure mechanism of Ti60 titanium alloy in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) at 500°C. Ti60 specimens were characterized before and after the 500°C VHCF test, and the fracture surfaces were observed. The results show that there are three different fatigue failure mechanisms at 500°C: (i) equiaxed primary α phase (αp) cleavage, forming small unsmooth facets and rough fracture area (RA), and fusion of non‐adjacent facets to grow into the main crack. (ii) αp grains gather into large grain with triple junction, and large grain slip to form large fusion facet. (iii) Oxide shedding and then cracks form. A dynamic recurrent neural network model is used to predict the fatigue life of Ti60 alloy, 91% of the overall predictions were within the scatter band of 3.0, and 100% were within the scatter band of 5.0.
Assessing the probiotic potential and safety of newly isolated Bacillus coagulans VHBAX‐04: in vitro and in silico evaluations
Authors: Sunhare Raksha , Shyam Prasad Shri Vidya , Kodimule Shyamprasad , Prabu Rajagopalan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse and intricate microbial community, a pivotal contributor to human well‐being. An effective strategy for exploring the diversity and potential probiotic attributes of Bacillus species is to isolate them from faecal samples. In this investigation, we scrutinised the in vitro probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans VHBAX‐04, an isolate derived from human faeces. These attributes encompassed acid and gastric juice tolerance, resistance to bile salts and intestinal juice, adhesion capabilities, safety profile, antibiotic resistance pattern, the absence of toxin genes, and antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, we conducted in silico analyses to evaluate its probiotic potential. The notable absence of genes associated with mucin degradation, red blood cell lysis, gelatin hydrolysis, or toxin production in B. coagulans VHBAX‐04 certifies its safety as a probiotic. Additionally, the distinct antibiotic resistance pattern of strain VHBAX‐04 suggests its potential for co‐administration with antibiotics. In conclusion, this study underscores the suitability of B. coagulans VHBAX‐04 as a viable probiotic option. Isolation and Evaluation of Bacillus coagulans WBX04: A Probiotic Strain from Human Feces Studied through 16S rRNA Sequencing and In Vitro Tests.
Enhanced α‐glycosidase inhibition through synergistic interactions: A comprehensive analysis of dihydromyricetin and acarbose in vine tea extracts
Authors: Xia Xudong , Lu Rongrui , Zhao Nanxing , Kong Hongming , Yuan Fang , Liu Hesheng , Liu Lianliang , Qi Xiangyang , Chen Qiuping 
Published: June 2024

Summaryα‐Glycosidase, a critical therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can be modulated by inhibitors to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) and its key compounds on α‐glycosidase. The results demonstrated that fifteen varieties of vine tea extracts inhibited α‐glycosidase in a dose‐dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 5.25 to 35.8 μg mL−1. HPLC analysis revealed dihydromyricetin (DHM) as the main compound in vine tea, with an IC50 value of 262.50 μM. Notably, the synergistic combination of DHM and the antidiabetic drug acarbose (ABS) significantly enhanced inhibitory effectiveness, with the optimal ratio (1:125) yielding a potentiation index (CI) of 0.09. Fluorescence and molecular docking analyses supported the hypothesis that DHM enhanced ABS's inhibitory effect through complex formation and specific interactions, offering a promising option for safer and more effective diabetes therapy.
The effects of rice bran oil, coconut oil and homogenisation pressure on the properties of oil‐in‐water emulsion loaded baicalein
Authors: Treesuwan Witcha , Treesuwan Khemmapas , Aussanasuwannakul Aunchalee 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBaicalein is a functional flavonoid that has been intensively studied for its health benefits. Loading baicalein in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions could provide advantages for its application in foods. This work investigated the characteristics of O/W emulsions loaded with baicalein formulated by combination of vegetable oils and homogenisation pressures. Rice bran oil (RBO) and coconut oil (CCO), classified as long‐chain triglycerides and medium‐chain triglyceride, were used in the homogenisation process at 600–1200 bar. The rice bran oil‐in‐water emulsion loaded with baicalein (RBOb/W) produced at 1200 bar provided the emulsion with the smallest particle size of the surface‐weighted mean diameter (d3,2) of 220 nm. The result showed that loading baicalein into RBO could reduce the particle size of O/W emulsion while it increased the particle size of coconut oil‐in‐water emulsion loaded with baicalein (CCOb/W). The RBOb/W and CCOb/W emulsions were physically stable in terms of droplet size during storage at 4 °C for 28 days. The change in viscosity of freshly prepared emulsion loaded with baicalein was dominant compared with the emulsion unloaded baicalein, however, the viscosity profiles of emulsions loaded with baicalein are like emulsions unloaded with baicalein after storage. The influence of baicalein on the viscoelastic properties of emulsion was observed in the storage modulus (G′) at low frequencies. These results suggest that baicalein could potentially interfere with the stabilising effect of Tween 20, contribute to droplet interactions, and migrate from the surface of RBO but not CCO. High baicalein retention of 91–98% was observed in the RBOb/W emulsions. This study recommends that RBO is preferable over CCO to produce O/W emulsion loaded with baicalein in terms of droplet size, stability and retention. It would be useful information to produce functional ingredients for the food industry.
Recent progress in metabolomics research: insights into fruit metabolome, harvesting techniques and health‐promoting bioactives
Authors: Dadwal Vikas , Aroor Manoj S. , Joshi Robin , Gupta Mahesh 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe use of cutting‐edge omics technology to edible fruits has transformed the disciplines of fruit biology, pre‐ and post‐harvest investigations, metabolite biosynthesis and the identification of novel therapeutic fruit bioactives for health by leveraging varied omics data. Combining modern analytical chromatography tools (LC, GC) with mass spectrometry has significantly improved our ability to examine complex fruit tissues or extracted components, advancing our understanding of the fruit metabolome. Studies aiming at understanding the full metabolome and future quality characteristics have concentrated on quantifying the number of metabolites in edible fruit species and cultivars from diverse geographical locations. These studies have also helped to develop new databases for precise and comprehensive qualitative analysis of metabolites, allowing for the analysis of metabolite biosynthesis pathways to identify differences in metabolites among developed hybrids, metabolite origins and potential derivatives. Bioactive metabolite information is currently being utilised to manage illnesses, provide nutrition and creation of novel food products. Furthermore, this research has helped us better understand fruit quality and how metabolites interact with biological systems. In conclusion, this review emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in studying fruit metabolomes in the context of current research perspectives.
Child and mother characteristics associated with 6‐month weight gain for infants and toddlers during 6 to 36 months
Authors: Kenney Emma , Frongillo Edward A. , McIver Kerry L. , Dowda Marsha , Pate Russell R. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of childhood obesity in the U.S. has increased, likely due to decreased physical activity, increased sedentary behaviour and unhealthy diets. Little is known about the relationships between these factors and weight gain in those under the age of three.ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the longitudinal associations of weight gain over 6‐month intervals with child and parent characteristics as children develop from 6 to 36 months.MethodsMother and infant data were collected at 6‐month intervals from 6 to 36 months. Weight (kg) was the primary outcome variable, and potential explanatory variables included child and parent characteristics, physical activity, motor development, diet and sleep. Structural equation modelling was used to assess associations between explanatory variables and 6‐month weight gain.ResultsWeight increased ~1 kg per 6‐month interval (p < 0.001) from 6 to 36 months. Childcare outside of the home at 12 months was associated with 0.272 kg (p = 0.002) greater weight gain at 18 months, while children's physical activity was associated with 0.228 kg (per 2 SD, p = 0.051) less weight gain during the same time period. Mother's TV and screen media use (0.102 kg per hour/day, p = 0.046) and child's intake of high‐energy beverages at 18 months (0.387 kg, p = 0.037) were both associated with greater weight gain at 24 months.ConclusionChildcare, physical activity, screen media use and high‐energy beverage consumption might affect weight gain at different time points in early childhood. These insights can inform efforts to prevent excessive weight gain and childhood obesity effectively.
Global distribution range of birds is negatively correlated with their level of diet specialization
Authors: Benedetti Yanina , Morelli Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the factors determining the size of a species distribution range is crucial to preventing the extinction of vulnerable species, particularly specialist species. Previous research has shown that climate and various traits of a species significantly affect its distribution range size. However, the impact of avian dietary specialization remains relatively unexplored and geographically restricted.LocationWorldwide.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe assessed the worldwide distribution range of 7416 bird species concerning the degree of diet specialization, including body mass size, daily activity and evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) as covariates. The phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) model – including the avian phylogeny – was used to test the potential correlation between the distribution range size of bird species and the explored life history traits.ResultsWe found that, at a global scale, diet specialization negatively correlates with the distribution range size of bird species. Overall, diet specialist species displayed a distribution range of 60% smaller than generalist species.Main ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that an avian diet specialization is crucial in predicting its potential distribution range size. This information is essential for those species with narrow distribution ranges often threatened by global concerns.