bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratin hydrogel carrier system for simultaneous delivery of exogenous growth factors and muscle progenitor cells
Authors: Tomblyn Seth , Pettit Kneller Elizabeth L. , Walker Stephen J. , Ellenburg Mary D. , Kowalczewski Christine J. , Van Dyke Mark , Burnett Luke , Saul Justin M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIdeal material characteristics for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine approaches to volumetric muscle loss (VML) include the ability to deliver cells, growth factors, and molecules that support tissue formation from a system with a tunable degradation profile. Two different types of human hair‐derived keratins were tested as options to fulfill these VML design requirements: (1) oxidatively extracted keratin (keratose) characterized by a lack of covalent crosslinking between cysteine residues, and (2) reductively extracted keratin (kerateine) characterized by disulfide crosslinks. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts cultured on coatings of both types of keratin had increased numbers of multinucleated cells compared to collagen or MatrigelTMand adhesion levels greater than collagen. Rheology showed elastic moduli from 102to 105Pa and viscous moduli from 101to 104Pa depending on gel concentration and keratin type. Kerateine and keratose showed differing rates of degradation due to the presence or absence of disulfide crosslinks, which likely contributed to observed differences in release profiles of several growth factors.In vivotesting in a subcutaneous mouse model showed that keratose hydrogels can be used to deliver mouse muscle progenitor cells and growth factors. Histological assessment showed minimal inflammatory responses and an increase in markers of muscle formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 864–879, 2016.
In vitro bioactivity investigations of Ti‐15Mo alloy after electrochemical surface modification
Authors: Kazek‐Kęsik Alicja , Kuna Karolina , Dec Weronika , Widziołek Magdalena , Tylko Grzegorz , Osyczka Anna M. , Simka Wojciech 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTitanium and its aluminum and vanadium‐free alloys have especially great potential for medical applications. Electrochemical surface modification improves their surface bioactivity and stimulates osseointegration process. In this work, the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation of the β‐type alloy Ti‐15Mo surface on its bioactivity is presented. Bioactivity of the modified alloy was investigated by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Biocompatibility of the modified alloys were tested using human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) and wild intestinal strains (DV/A, DV/B, DV/I/1) of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans bacteria. The particles of apatite were formed on the anodized samples. Human BMSC cells adhered well on all the examined surfaces and expressed ALP, collagen, and produced mineralized matrix as determined after 10 and 21 days of culture. When the samples were inoculated with D. desulfuricans bacteria, only single bacteria were visible on selected samples. There were no obvious changes in surface morphology among samples. Colonization and bacterial biofilm formation was observed on as‐ground sample. In conclusion, the surface modification improved the Ti‐15Mo alloy bioactivity and biocompatibility and protected surface against colonization of the bacteria. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 903–913, 2016.
Whole‐body MRI‐DWI for assessment of residual disease after completion of therapy in lymphoma: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Littooij Annemieke S. , Kwee Thomas C. , de Keizer Bart , Bruin Marrie C.A. , Coma Ana , Beek Frederik J.A. , Fijnheer Rob , Nievelstein Rutger A.J. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundTo assess the performance of whole‐body MRI including diffusion‐weighted imaging (whole‐body MRI‐DWI) for the detection of residual disease after completion of treatment in lymphoma patients.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with lymphoma prospectively underwent whole‐body MRI‐DWI (1.5 Tesla MR) and 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/computed tomography (CT) for posttreatment evaluation which were visually assessed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and FDG‐PET/CT standardized uptake value measurements were performed in all residual lesions. An unblinded expert panel reviewed all cases and determined the presence or absence of posttreatment residual disease using all available imaging (except for whole‐body MRI‐DWI), clinical, and histopathological information with a follow‐up of at least 6 months. The performance of whole‐body MRI‐DWI was compared with this panel reference standard.ResultsFive of 26 patients were diagnosed with residual disease. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of residual disease with whole‐body MRI‐DWI were 100% and 62%, respectively. By ROC analysis, the optimal threshold of ADC was 1.21 × 10−3 mm2/s with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 91.7%, respectively.ConclusionOur initial results suggest that visual whole‐body MRI‐DWI analysis has a very good sensitivity for detecting viable residual lesions after completion of therapy but lacks specificity. ADC measurements could potentially increase the specificity of whole‐body MRI. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1646–1655.
Tracing carbon fixation in phytoplankton—compound specific and total 13C incorporation rates
Authors: Grosse Julia , van Breugel Peter , Boschker Henricus T. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMeasurement of total primary production using 13C incorporation is a widely established tool. However, these bulk measurements lack information about the fate of fixed carbon: the production of major cellular compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and DNA/RNA) is affected by for instance nutrient availability as their C:N:P requirements differ. Here, we describe an approach to combine established methods in gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C‐IRMS) and recently developed methods in liquid chromatography/IRMS (LC/IRMS) to trace stable isotope incorporation into neutral carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids, and compare their production to total carbon fixation rates. We conducted a trial study at stations in the North Sea where different nutrients were limiting. There was variation in the fate of fixed carbon at these sites. The majority of fixed carbon (64–71%) was incorporated into neutral carbohydrates, followed by amino acids (19–32%) and fatty acids (4–9%). The sum of carbon fixation into these three fractions accounted for 81–116% of total carbon fixation. P‐ and N‐limitation increased the biosynthesis of storage lipids and storage carbohydrates while N‐limitation decreased synthesis of amino acid proline with a concurrent increase in glutamic acid + glutamine. This new approach provides the capability to determine direct effects of resource limitation and the consequences for the physiological state of a phytoplankton community. It may thereby enable us to evaluate the overall quality of phytoplankton as a food source for higher trophic levels or trace consumption of phytoplankton through the food web.
Synthesis of pyrene‐capped polystyrene by free radical polymerization and its application in direct exfoliation of graphite into graphene nanosheets
Authors: Wang Haining , Chen Zhao , Xin Lanxia , Cui Jian , Zhao Shuai , Yan Yehai 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIt is of great practical significance to acquire pyrene‐capped polymer, which has proven an excellent dispersant of nanocarbons, in an accessible way. Taking synthesis of pyrene‐capped polystyrene (PyPS) as the example, free radical polymerization was demonstrated to be an attractive option to satisfactorily fulfill such mission. For this, a new azo‐based pyrenyl compound was designed, synthesized, and used as initiator. The molecular structure of PyPS was studied as a function of polymerization temperature and content of chain transfer agent of 1‐dodecanethiol. Following the successful synthesis, a PyPS polymer structured as 1.04 pyrene groups per chain was chosen as dispersant for preparation of graphene. The results showed that 0.2 mg/mL of PyPS in chloroform permits 67.4 μg/mL of graphene nanosheets to be prepared by liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphite. In contrast, only 8.5 μg/mL of graphene nanosheets could be obtained in pure chloroform. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2175–2185
The Hubbard model in the strong coupling theory at arbitrary filling
Authors: Sherman Alexei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEquations for the electron Green's function of the two‐dimensional Hubbard model, derived using the strong coupling diagram technique, are self‐consistently solved for different electron concentrations n and tight‐binding dispersions. Comparison of spectral functions calculated for the ratio of Hubbard repulsion to the nearest neighbor hopping with Monte Carlo data shows not only qualitative, but in some cases quantitative agreement in position of maxima. General spectral shapes, their evolution with momentum and filling in the wide range are also similar. At half‐filling and for the next nearest neighbor hopping constant the Mott transition occurs at , where is the initial bandwidth. This value is close to those obtained in the cases of the semi‐elliptical density of states and for . In the case and the Mott gap reaches maximum width at , and it is larger than that at for half‐filling. In all considered cases positions of spectral maxima are close to those in the Hubbard‐I approximation.
Families support their children's success in science learning by influencing interest and self‐efficacy
Authors: Sha Li , Schunn Christian , Bathgate Meghan , Ben‐Eliyahu Adar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHow is a child's successful participation in science learning shaped by their family's support? We focus on the critical time period of early adolescents, testing (i) whether the child's perception of family support is important for both choice preferences to participate in optional learning experiences and engagement during science learning, and (ii) whether the effects on choice preferences and engagement are mediated through effects on child interest and self‐efficacy in science. Structural equation modeling is applied to data from two different contexts, one examining engagement during a science and technology center visit and the other examining engagement and learning during classroom instruction. Models from both datasets suggest that early adolescents' perceived family support for learning is associated with their choices for and engagement in science learning, and that these effects are mediated by effects on child interest and self‐efficacy in science. Further, children's family physical resources (e.g., available learning spaces and materials) predicts their perceived family support, but is not separately connected to either interest or self‐efficacy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 450–472, 2016
A coalitional game‐based relay load balancing and power allocation scheme in decode‐and‐forward cellular relay networks
Authors: Farazmand Yalda , Alfa Attahiru S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a game theoretic relay load balancing and power allocation scheme is proposed for downlink transmission in a decode‐and‐forward orthogonal frequency division multiple access‐based cellular relay network. A system with a base station communicating with multiple users via multiple relays is considered. The relays have limited power, which must be divided among the users they support. In traditional scheme, each relay simply divides its transmit power equally among all its users. Moreover, each user selects the relay with the highest channel gain. In this work, we do not apply the traditional relay scheme. It is because the users are distributed randomly, and by applying the traditional relay selection scheme, it may happen that some relays have more users connected to them than other relays, which results in having unbalanced load among the relays. In order to avoid performance degradation, achieve relay load balancing, and maximize the total data rate of the network, a game theoretic approach is proposed, which efficiently assigns the users to relays. The power of each relay is wisely distributed among users by the efficient power allocation scheme. Simulation results indicate that the proposed game‐based scheme can considerably improve the average sum‐spectral efficiency. Moreover, it shows that by applying the game, users who can connect to uncongested relays join them as opposed to connecting to congested relays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Bismuth Subiodides Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 – Layered Metals with Covalent Platinum Networks
Authors: Rasche Bertold , Schnelle Walter , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBlack shiny platelets of Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 were crystallized from melts of the metals and BiI3. Despite very similar compositions and close peritectics, a protocol for targeted synthesis could be developed based on differences of the decomposition pressures. Bi8Pt5I3 has a monoclinic crystal structure [space group C2/m; a = 1850.7(2) pm, b = 391.46(3) pm, c = 1340.5(1) pm, β = 113.28(1)°], in which corrugated intermetallic layers alternate with monolayers of non‐coordinating iodide ions. The platinum atoms are in square, trigonal‐prismatic, or capped trigonal‐prismatic coordination by bismuth atoms. Additional covalent bonding between platinum atoms defines flat stripes of five atoms width inside the intermetallic layer. Bi16Pt11I6 crystallizes in the acentric tetragonal space group P4212 with a = 1386.6(1) pm and c = 924.5(1) pm. Corresponding to the higher transition‐metal content, the covalent network of platinum atoms is two‐dimensional. The node connectivity in the network is three or four; the total coordination number of all platinum atoms is ten. Single layers of iodide ions separate the intermetallic layers. Two‐thirds of the iodide ions are coordinating bismuth atoms that protrude from the intermetallic layer, forming [BiI4] squares. Temperature‐dependent electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline powders indicate that Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 are diamagnetic metals. The calculated electronic band structures confirm pseudo two‐dimensional metallic character only for Bi8Pt5I3.
Hierarchy and Judicial Institutions: Arbitration and Ideology in the Hellenistic World
Authors: Grynaviski Eric , Hsieh Amy 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInternational arbitration is a distinctive feature of both contemporary international politics and the ancient world. Explanations of arbitration in the international relations literature generally posit that states engage in arbitration to mitigate the effects of competition in an anarchical system, or that the practice of arbitration reflects democratic norms. However, an examination of arbitration during the paradigmatic case of the Hellenistic period (338–90bce) casts doubt on the existing literature. Hierarchy rather than anarchy better characterizes the political context in which arbitration took place: the Greeks often organized themselves into alliances or leagues in which a hegemon dominated decision making, or into federal states with a common foreign policy. This hierarchical setting was a necessary condition for international arbitration where the practice of arbitration was a tool to legitimize hierarchical powers. We assemble an original data set of Hellenistic arbitrations, and use qualitative comparative analysis to show that hierarchy was almost always a necessary condition for international arbitration. Process-tracing of arbitration under three political orders—hegemonic kingdoms in the Greek world, Greek federations, and the Roman Empire—shows that arbitration as a particular means of dispute resolution was used as an ideological device to build and legitimize international order. We then analyze the contemporary record, finding a role for hierarchy in modern international arbitration.
Bison with benefits: towards integrating wildlife and ranching sectors on a public rangeland in the western USA
Authors: Ranglack Dustin H. , du Toit Johan T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe North American model of wildlife conservation, based on the public trust doctrine, is credited for the recovery of several charismatic wildlife species, including the plains bison Bison bison. In that model, wildlife is a public resource from which the private sector may not profit either individually or collectively. In recent years, however, resilience thinking is driving changes in the traditional state-run wildlife management model to allow for integrated multi-sector approaches at the landscape scale. A free-ranging herd of bison on public land in the Henry Mountains of Utah is used as a case study to consider if and how a community-based conservation programme could be developed for a state-managed wildlife resource to benefit all stakeholders. The Henry Mountains bison, which are disease-free, share the rangeland with cattle that are privately owned by individual ranchers and corporations with various economic goals and environmental values. The ranchers currently derive no benefits from the bison and have concerns regarding competition between bison and cattle. However, a threshold harvesting strategy with community participation could generate revenue to offset these concerns. It could also provide benefits to the local community, increase state revenue, and increase the size of the bison population while securing its long-term genetic viability. Implementation would initially require facilitation by policy specialists, after which we suggest a Henry Mountains bison partnership could serve as a model for bison recovery efforts elsewhere in North America.
Portraits of preperiodic points for rational maps
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , NGUYEN KHOA , TUCKER THOMAS J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLet K be a function field over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, let ϕ ∈ K(z) be a rational function of degree at least equal to 2 for which there is no point at which ϕ is totally ramified and let α ∈ K. We show that for all but finitely many pairs (m, n) ∈ $\mathbb{Z}$⩾0 × $\mathbb{N}$ there exists a place $\mathfrak{p}$ of K such that the point α has preperiod m and minimum period n under the action of ϕ. This answers a conjecture made by Ingram–Silverman [13] and Faber–Granville [8]. We prove a similar result, under suitable modification, also when ϕ has points where it is totally ramified. We give several applications of our result, such as showing that for any tuple (c0, . . ., cd−2) ∈ kd−1 and for almost all pairs (mi, ni) ∈ $\mathbb{Z}$⩾0 × $\mathbb{N}$ for i = 0, . . ., d − 2, there exists a polynomial f ∈ k[z] of degree d in normal form such that for each i = 0, . . ., d − 2, the point ci has preperiod mi and minimum period ni under the action of f.
High-resolution compositional remote sensing of the Transantarctic Mountains: application to the WorldView-2 dataset
Authors: Salvatore M.R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe WorldView-2 (WV2) instrument, operated by DigitalGlobe, is the only high-resolution multispectral sensor currently capable of imaging the entirety of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), making it a valuable resource for remote compositional investigations. Through the utility of both field- and laboratory-based verification techniques, this study shows that biotic and abiotic chemical variations can be readily observed and mapped remotely. Within the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), primary compositional variability, intra-lithologic compositional heterogeneity and variations in surface weathering and oxidation can be successfully identified and mapped, providing confidence in both the spectral capabilities of the WV2 instrument and the methodologies associated with calibrating and correcting these data. These studies within the MDV provide confidence in extending these analyses to more remote regions of the TAM, including the vicinity of Shackleton Glacier. The identification of comparable geochemical variations in these remote locations provides valuable additions to the currently available geologic maps at much lower spatial resolutions. This work confirms the utility of the WV2 instrument to identifying, quantifying and mapping geochemical variations throughout the TAM, supporting future field work and providing geospatial context for localized field and laboratory analyses.
Comparative Analysis of Root Dentin Morphology and Structure of Human Versus Bovine Primary Teeth
Authors: Costa Bruna M. , Iwamoto Alexsandra S. , Puppin-Rontani Regina M. , Pascon Fernanda M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the structural and morphological differences between human and bovine primary root canals. Primary human maxillary central incisors (H) (n=9) and primary bovine incisors (B) (n=9) were selected. The roots were sectioned in the vestibular-lingual direction, planed and delimited in cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Tubule density (number of tubules per mm2) and diameter were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (1,000 and 5,000×) using Image J 1.47 software. Data were submitted to two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). The highest tubule density was observed for B (28.527±1.717 mm2) compared with H (15.931±0.170 mm2) (p<0.01). Regarding root thirds, the cervical third presented a greater tubule density (26.417±11.654 mm2) than the apical third (17.999±5.873 mm2). The diameter of the dentin tubules was not different for cervical (3.50±0.08 µm), middle (3.45±0.30 µm) and apical thirds (3.42±0.33 µm) and substrate (H—3.29±0.14 µm; B—3.63±0.06 µm). It could be concluded that: (1) the radicular dentin structure of human and bovine primary teeth and root thirds differ in terms of the tubule density; (2) the radicular dentin morphology of human and bovine primary teeth and root thirds are similar in terms of the diameter of the dentin tubules.
Fabrication of ordered arrays of micro- and nanoscale features with control over their shape and size via templated solid-state dewetting
Authors: Ye Jongpil 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTemplated solid-state dewetting of single-crystal films has been shown to be used to produce regular patterns of various shapes. However, the materials for which this patterning method is applicable and the size range of the patterns produced are still limited. Here, it is shown that ordered arrays of micro- and nanoscale features can be produced with control over their shape and size via solid-state dewetting of patches patterned from single-crystal palladium and nickel films of different thicknesses and orientations. The shape and size characteristics of the patterns are found to be widely controllable with varying the shape, width, thickness and orientation of the initial patches. The morphological evolution of the patches is also dependent on the film material, with different dewetting behaviors observed in palladium and nickel films. The mechanisms underlying the pattern formation are explained in terms of the influence on Rayleigh-like instability of the patch geometry and the surface energy anisotropy of the film material. This mechanistic understanding of pattern formation can be used to design patches for the precise fabrication of micro- and nanoscale structures with the desired shapes and feature sizes.