bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Level Stabilized Finite Volume Methods for the Stationary Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Zhang Tong , Xu Shunwei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this work, two-level stabilized finite volume formulations for the 2D steady Navier-Stokes equations are considered. These methods are based on the local Gauss integration technique and the lowest equal-order finite element pair. Moreover, the two-level stabilized finite volume methods involve solving one small Navier-Stokes problem on a coarse mesh with mesh size H, a large general Stokes problem for the Simple and Oseen two-level stabilized finite volume methods on the fine mesh with mesh size or a large general Stokes equations for the Newton two-level stabilized finite volume method on a fine mesh with mesh size . These methods we studied provide an approximate solution with the convergence rate of same order as the standard stabilized finite volume method, which involve solving one large nonlinear problem on a fine mesh with mesh size h. Hence, our methods can save a large amount of computational time.
Numerical Solution of Blow-Up Problems for Nonlinear Wave Equations on Unbounded Domains
Authors: Brunner Hermann , Li Hongwei , Wu Xiaonan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe numerical solution of blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations on unbounded spatial domains is considered. Applying the unified approach, which is based on the operator splitting method, we construct the efficient nonlinear local absorbing boundary conditions for the nonlinear wave equation, and reduce the nonlinear problem on the unbounded spatial domain to an initial-boundary-value problem on a bounded domain. Then the finite difference method is used to solve the reduced problem on the bounded computational domain. Finally, a broad range of numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method, and some interesting propagation and behaviors of the blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations are observed.
Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma Staging and Treatment: American Joint Committee on Cancer versus Ann Arbor
Authors: Graue Gerardo F. , Finger Paul T. , Maher Elizabeth , Rocca David Della , Rocca Robert Della , Lelli Gary J. , Milman Tatyana 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic utility of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL). Methods A multicenter, consecutive case series of patients with biopsy-proven conjunctival, orbit, eyelid, or lacrimal gland/sac lymphoma was performed. The electronic pathology and clinical records were reviewed for new or recurrent cases of ocular adnexal lymphoma. The main outcome measures included pathology and clinical staging (AJCC and Ann Arbor systems), treatment, and recurrence (local and systemic). Statistical analysis included demographic evaluations and the Kaplan-Meier survival probability method. Results Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue were the most common (n=60/83, 72%). The most common Ann Arbor clinical stages were IE (76%) followed by IIE (17%) and IIIE (7%). Pathology identified 13 cases (15%) that were upstaged to group IV (p=0.017). Similarly, AJCC clinical stages were cT1NOMO (21.7%), cT2NOMO (44.6%), cT3N0M0 (5%), and cT4NOMO (2.4%). Local control was achieved in 75% of treated patients. There were 19 local recurrences from which 14 (74%) belonged to the non–radiation treatment groups. Lower-risk groups (T1 and T2 without lymph node involvement or metastatic disease of AJCC and IE of Ann Arbor) had longer disease-free survival than the higher-risk groups (AJCC T1, T2 with nodal involvement or metastatic disease, T3, and T4 as well as Ann Arbor II, III, and IV). The overall mean follow-up was 43.3 months (range 6–274). Conclusions Regardless of stage, recurrence and disease-free survival were more closely related to treatment and histopathology rather than tumor size or site-specific location.
Blame Conformity: Leading Eyewitness Statements can Influence Attributions of Blame for an Accident
Authors: Thorley Craig , Rushton‐Woods Jayne 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe present experiment examined whether attributions of blame for an incident can be shifted between individuals as a result of a leading eyewitness statement. Participants watched a video of an accident involving two men and then read either a non‐leading eyewitness statement that blamed no one for the accident or a leading eyewitness statement that blamed one of the two men for the accident. Participants' attributions of blame for the accident were then assessed either immediately or after a 1 week delay. Regardless of the time delay, just over one‐third of participants who read a leading statement subsequently blamed the same person as the eyewitness. In contrast, less than 4% of participants who read a non‐leading statement blamed one of the men. This research is the first to demonstrate blame conformity, where blame for an incident can be shifted between individuals as a result of a leading eyewitness statement. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Method for Intramolecular Chloroamination of Unfunctionalized Olefins
Authors: Liu Gong‐Qing , Li Wei , Li Yue‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new method for the intramolecular chloroamination of unfunctionalized olefins is reported. The reactions were carried out at room temperature for 3 h using hydrated copper(II) chloride as both promoter and chlorine source, and the corresponding vincinal haloamines were obtained in good isolated yields.
Genome scan in familial late‐onset Alzheimer's disease: A locus on chromosome 6 contributes to age‐at‐onset
Authors: Zhao Wei , Marchani Elizabeth E. , Cheung Charles Y.K. , Steinbart Ellen J. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Bird Thomas D. , Wijsman Ellen M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, genetically complex, fatal neurodegenerative disorder of late life. Although several genes are known to play a role in early‐onset AD, identification of the genetic basis of late onset AD (LOAD) has been challenging, with only the APOE gene known to have a high contribution to both AD risk and age‐at‐onset. Here, we present the first genome‐scan analysis of the complete, well‐characterized University of Washington LOAD sample of 119 pedigrees, using age‐at‐onset as the trait of interest. The analysis approach used allows for a multilocus trait model while at the same time accommodating age censoring, effects of APOE as a known genetic covariate, and full pedigree and marker information. The results provide strong evidence for linkage of loci contributing to age‐at‐onset to genomic regions on chromosome 6q16.3, and to 19q13.42 in the region of the APOE locus. There was evidence for interaction between APOE and the locus on chromosome 6q and suggestive evidence for linkage to chromosomes 11p13, 15q12‐14, and 19p13.12. These results provide the first independent confirmation of an AD age‐at‐onset locus on chromosome 6 and suggest that further efforts towards identifying the underlying causal locus or loci are warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Designing Time‐delay Feedback Controller for Master‐Slave Synchronization of Lur'e Systems
Authors: Ji Xiaofu , Ren Mingwei , Su Hongye 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of designing a time‐delay output feedback controller for master‐slave synchronization of Lur'e systems. The time delay is divided into two intervals and different energy functions are defined in each interval, which together provide a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and derive a new delay‐dependent synchronization criterion. A sufficient condition for the existence of such a feedback controller is given, and an explicit expression of such a controller is also achieved. These algorithms are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can be solved easily. Chua's circuit is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the design method.
Effects of exposure to a 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field during the early adolescent period on spatial memory in mice
Authors: Wang Xiusong , Zhao Ke , Wang Dong , Adams Wendy , Fu Yu , Sun Huaying , Liu Xiaofen , Yu Hualin , Ma Yuanye 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdolescence is a critical developmental stage during which substantial remodeling occurs in brain areas involved in emotional and learning processes. Although a robust literature on the biological effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) has been documented, data on the effects of ELF‐MF exposure during this period on cognitive functions remain scarce. In this study, early adolescent male mice were exposed from postnatal day (P) 23–35 to a 50 Hz MF at 2 mT for 60 min/day. On P36–45, the potential effects of the MF exposure on spatial memory performance were examined using the Y‐maze and Morris water maze tasks. The results showed that the MF exposure did not affect Y‐maze performance but improved spatial learning acquisition and memory retention in the water maze task under the present experimental conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 34:275–284, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemiluminescence of luminol at the titanate nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Xu Guifang , Zeng Xiaoxue , Lu Shuangyan , Dai Hong , Gong Lingshan , Lin Yanyu , Wang Qingping , Tong Yuejin , Chen Guonan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA new strategy for the construction of a sensitive and stable electrochemiluminescent platform based on titanate nanotubes (TNTs) and Nafion composite modified electrode for luminol is described, TNTs contained composite modified electrodes that showed some photocatalytic activity toward luminol electrochemiluminescence emission, and thus could dramatically enhance luminol light emission. This extremely sensitive and stable platform allowed a decrease of the experiment electrochemiluminescence luminol reagent. In addition, in luminol solution at low concentrations, we compared the capabilities of a bare glassy carbon electrode with the TNT composite modified electrode for hydrogen peroxide detection. The results indicated that compared with glassy carbon electrode this platform was extraordinarily sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, by combining with an appropriate enzymatic reaction, this platform would be a sensitive matrix for many biomolecules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of scoring models for computerised mental health screening for federal prison inmates
Authors: Martin Michael S. , Wamboldt Ashley D. , O'Connor Shannon L. , Fortier Julie , Simpson Alexander I.F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are high rates of mental disorder in correctional environments, so effective mental health screening is needed. Implementation of the computerised mental health screen of the Correctional Service of Canada has led to improved identification of offenders with mental health needs but with high rates of false positives.AimsThe goal of this study is to evaluate the use of an iterative classification tree (ICT) approach to mental health screening compared with a simple binary approach using cut‐off scores on screening tools.MethodsA total of 504 consecutive admissions to federal prison completed the screen and were also interviewed by a mental health professional. Relationships between screening results and more extended assessment and clinical team discussion were tested.ResultsThe ICT was more parsimonious in identifying probable ‘cases’ than standard binary screening. ICT was also highly accurate at detecting mental health needs (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.84–0.90). The model identified 118 (23.4%) offenders as likely to need further assessment or treatment, 87% of whom were confirmed cases at clinical interview. Of the 244 (48.4%) offenders who were screened out, only 9% were clinically assessed as requiring further assessment or treatment. Standard binary screening was characterised by more false positives and a comparable false negative rate.ConclusionsThe use of ICTs to interpret screening data on the mental health of prisoners needs further evaluation in independent samples in Canada and elsewhere. This first evaluation of the application of such an approach offers the prospect of more effective and efficient use of the scarce resource of mental health services in prisons. Although not required, the use of computers can increase the ease of implementing an ICT model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal design method with thermomagnetic field coupling analysis for miniaturization of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Kitamura Hideki , Iwasaki Norihisa , Kitamura Masashi , Mori Hideaki , Yamasaki Masahide , Nihei Hideki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA straightforward solution for minimizing the cost of major materials used in motors, such as permanent magnets and silicon steel sheets, is to reduce the motor size as far as possible. However, there is a trade‐off between the motor size and temperature rise in the motor that should be taken into account while reducing the motor size. For achieving this, we have been developing an optimal design method based on a combination of a thermomagnetic field coupling analysis and a direct search algorithm. This paper reports the details of this design method. A multipole permanent magnet synchronous motor of an outer rotor is the test motor. The results of the torque‐density‐maximization problem involving constraints on the terminal voltage, coil‐temperature rise, and demagnetization of the permanent magnet are shown. The usefulness of our method is also demonstrated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 29–38, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22346
A Phosphane‐Free, Atom‐Efficient Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Triarylbismuths with Acyl Chlorides Catalyzed by MCM‐41‐Immobilized Palladium Complex
Authors: Zhao Hong , Yin Lin , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first phosphane‐free, heterogeneous, atom‐efficient cross‐coupling reaction of triarylbismuths and acyl chlorides was achieved in N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) with Bu3N as the base at 80 °C in the presence of 1.5 mol‐% MCM‐41‐immobilized bidentate nitrogen palladium complex [MCM‐41–2N‐Pd(OAc)2, MCM = mobile crystalline material] to yield a variety of unsymmetrical biaryl ketones in good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous palladium catalyst exhibited a high activity, which was similar to that of Pd(PPh3)4. The catalyst can be recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and recycled in at least 10 consecutive trials without any decrease in activity. Our system not only avoids the use of phosphane ligands, but also solves the basic problem of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse.
Effective and Versatile Strategy for the Total Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Alkanethiols for Biological Applications
Authors: Prats‐Alfonso Elisabet , Oberhansl Sabine , Lagunas Anna , Martínez Elena , Samitier Josep , Albericio Fernando 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBiological applications increasingly demand tailored surfaces with a range of functional groups. Herein we describe a straightforward and inexpensive method based exclusively on solid‐phase synthesis for the preparation of a variety of customized alkanethiols (ATs). The technique overcomes all the difficulties encountered during the preparation of these molecules in solution. The procedure allows the use of ATs without further purification for the preparation of self‐assembled monolayers on gold, typically used to achieve functional group diversity on this surface.
Advanced MRI in malignant neoplasms of the uterus
Authors: Kido Aki , Fujimoto Koji , Okada Tomohisa , Togashi Kaori 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) such as T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images of the female pelvis provide morphological information with excellent tissue contrast, which reflects the pathology of malignant diseases of the uterus. Owing to the recent improvement in hardware and software, in combination with extensive research in imaging techniques, not only MRI at higher magnetic field was facilitated, but also insight into tumor pathophysiology was provided. These methods include diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) with pharmacokinetic analysis, and MR spectroscopy (MRS). The application of these techniques is expanding from the brain to the body because information on the tissue microenvironment and cytoarchitecture is helpful for lesion characterization, evaluation of treatment response after chemotherapy or radiation, differentiating posttherapeutic changes from residual active tumor, and for detecting recurrent cancer. These techniques may provide clues to optimize the treatment of patients with malignant diseases of the uterus. In the first half of this article we provide an overview of the technical aspects of MRI of the female pelvis, especially focusing on the state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as 3 T MRI, DCE‐MRI, DWI, etc. For the latter half we review the clinical aspects of these newly developed techniques, focusing on how these techniques are applicable, what has been revealed with respect to clinical impact, and the remaining problems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corrosion behavior of binary magnesium‐zinc alloys in saline solutions
Authors: Hoyer P. , Angrisani G. L. , Klose C. , Bach F.‐W. , Hassel T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractZur Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Magnesiumlegierungen wird vielfach Aluminium als Legierungselement gewählt. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass alternativ durch Zulegieren geringer Anteile von Zink die Korrosionsrate binärer Magnesium‐Zink‐Legierungen vermindert werden kann. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurden niedriglegierte MgZn‐Legierungen in verschieden konzentrierten chloridhaltigen Medien gravimetrisch und elektrochemisch untersucht. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich geringe Zink‐Gehalte positiv auf das Korrosionsverhalten auswirken, sowohl in niedrig‐ als auch in hochkonzentrierten NaCl‐Lösungen. Eine Korrelation der Ergebnisse aus gravimetrischen und elektrochemischen Messungen wurde von den Tendenzen her festgestellt und mit mikrocomputertomographischen Analysen belegt.
Study on casting composite ingot of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys
Authors: Jiang H. , Cui J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo kinds of equipments were designed for casting composite ingots, and three‐layer ingots of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys were prepared by direct‐chill (DC) semi‐continuous casting process, macro‐morphology, microstructure, temperature distribution near the interface, elements distributions and tensile strength of the interface were investigated. The equipment suitable for casting composite ingots was determined, and results show that solid supporting layer with uniform temperature distribution forms near the interface, which ensures the stable casting process. The two different aluminum alloys are well bonded. The criterion for temperature control of solid supporting layer is founded based on the relationship between the interface bonding strength and the temperature of solid supporting layer when contacted by 4045 alloy melt.
Research‐Based Decision Support in Hazard Mitigation: Louisiana Northshore Flood and Hurricane Protection
Authors: Ward Steven M. , Emrich Christopher T. , Ash Kevin , Schumann Ronald 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContinued population growth and development in exposed areas across Coastal Louisiana has created a new geography of hazards and disasters within the coastal zone. Increasing storm frequencies coupled with sea level rise will undoubtedly intensify the intersection between flood hazards and coastal residents. Accordingly, the baseline (inherent) capacity of places to adequately prepare for and rebound from disaster events will be negatively impacted. This paper summarizes the value of incorporating research‐based techniques into a non‐structural assessment of flood vulnerability within the Northshore Region of Louisiana. The exploratory nature of the methodology employed in this study was focused on determining the value of non‐structural measures of vulnerability in mitigation planning and the role of research in evidence‐based decision support for public officials. The outcome of the study highlighted new perspectives for measuring vulnerability within a policy environment, offering community officials a more robust understanding of the dynamic intersection of the physical threats, social vulnerability, and economic components of flood risk. This knowledge is currently being used by decision makers in the region to cultivate enhanced mitigation tactics that have traditionally been structurally focused. By incorporating the biophysical, economic, and social vulnerability into a qualitative “place” vulnerability matrix for the study area, the authors have been able to gain a more robust understanding of the flood risks across the region. By integrating this new understanding of risk into potential mitigation strategies, planning for risk reduction expenditures can more appropriately consider the drivers of place‐specific vulnerability.
Molecular identification of Taenia spp. in the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) from Finland
Authors: LAVIKAINEN A. , HAUKISALMI V. , DEKSNE G. , HOLMALA K. , LEJEUNE M. , ISOMURSU M. , JOKELAINEN P. , NÄREAHO A. , LAAKKONEN J. , HOBERG E. P. , SUKURA A. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYCestodes of the genus Taenia are parasites of mammals, with mainly carnivores as definitive and herbivores as intermediate hosts. Various medium-sized cats, Lynx spp., are involved in the life cycles of several species of Taenia. The aim of the present study was to identify Taenia tapeworms in the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) from Finland. In total, 135 tapeworms from 72 lynx were subjected to molecular identification based on sequences of 2 mtDNA regions, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes. Available morphological characters of the rostellar hooks and strobila were compared. Two species of Taenia were found: T. laticollis (127 samples) and an unknown Taenia sp. (5 samples). The latter could not be identified to species based on mtDNA, and the rostellar hooks were short relative to those described among other Taenia spp. recorded in felids from the Holarctic region. In the phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences, T. laticollis was placed as a sister species of T. macrocystis, and the unknown Taenia sp. was closely related to T. hydatigena and T. regis. Our analyses suggest that these distinct taeniid tapeworms represent a putative new species of Taenia. The only currently recognized definitive host is L. lynx and the intermediate host is unknown.
Insurance accounting: a new era? ‐ Abstract of the Edinburgh discussion
Authors: Foroughi Kamran 
Published: January 2013

This abstract relates to the following paper:ForoughiK., BarnardC.R., BennettR.W., ClayD.K., ConwayE.L., CorfieldS.R., CoughlanA.J., HarrisonJ.S., HibbettG.J., KendixI.V., Lanari-BoisclairM., O’BrienC.D. and StrakerJ.S.K.Insurance accounting: a new era?British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321712000189
Civil War Scrapbooks
Authors: Garvey Ellen Gruber 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The increasing popularity of scrapbook making had its seeds in the large number of Northerners and Southerners who made scrapbooks during the Civil War to grapple with and articulate their new understandings of nationhood, by saving poetry and battle news. This chapter illustrates how scrapbooks expressed national grief and rage in a private, domestic format. The contrast between the scrapbooks of a Northern abolitionist man who collected newspaper poetry to mourn his son, killed in battle, and a Southern Confederate woman, whose scrapbook is a kind of ideal newspaper where Confederate victories continued and grateful slaves abounded, tells much about the differing ideas of nationhood and the meaning of the war across the divide. Scrapbooks became their own battlefields of propaganda for saving accounts of triumphs and comparing them with emerging realities.