bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faut-il défendre le quotient familial ?
Authors: Allègre Guillaume 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment la charge des enfants doit-elle être prise en compte par la fiscalité ? Faut-il défendre le système actuel de quotient familial, l’amender ou le remplacer par un crédit d’impôt pour chaque enfant ? Dans un premier temps, nous discutons des principes de justice qui justifient la prise en compte des enfants par la politique fiscale, nous présentons les logiques respectives du quotient familial et du crédit d’impôt. Puis nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes : le quotient familial est-il anti-redistributif ? L’administration fiscale doit-elle se fier aux échelles d’équivalence ? Un crédit d’impôt serait-il inacceptable du point de vue des familles ? En conclusion, nous discutons des modalités de réforme possible du système actuel, soit en conservant le principe du quotient familial, soit en adoptant le principe du crédit d’impôt. Nous montrons que ces deux instruments sont potentiellement plus proches que le débat public pourrait laisser penser.
Impact économique de la « quasi TVA sociale »
Authors: Heyer Éric , Plane Mathieu , Timbeau Xavier 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article propose une évaluation des effets macro-économiques de la « quasi TVA sociale » adoptée par le Parlement et qui devrait être mise en application en octobre 2012. Dans une première partie, nous simulons cette mesure à partir de trois scénarios différents. Nous montrons que les effets sur la croissance et l’emploi sont ambigus (compris entre +47 000 et -16 000 selon les scénarios) et dépendent de la politique de marge des entreprises mais aussi de la réaction des concurrents étrangers à cette mesure. Nous enrichissons l’analyse par un test de sensibilité des paramètres critiques du modèle en évaluant leurs effets sur l’emploi. Dans une seconde partie, nous simulons l’impact sectoriel de la mesure dont les effets à attendre sur les prix TTC dépendent de la structure des salaires de chaque secteur, du taux de TVA pratiqué sur les produits ainsi que du taux de pénétration.
Les conflits liés à la présence des antennes-relais : l'intérêt d'une lecture par l'Économie de la Proximité
Authors: Olszak Eric 
Published: December 2012

L’accroissement de l’utilisation du téléphone portable en France depuis le milieu des années 1990 a conduit les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile à installer de nombreuses antennes- relais à proximité des habitations. Cette présence des antennes-relais a fait l’objet depuis une décennie d’un certain nombre de recours devant les tribunaux laissant apparaître explicitement un conflit entre plusieurs parties sur l’utilisation conjointe d’un territoire. Dans cette optique, la grille de lecture proposée par l’économie de la proximité au regard d’une approche environnementale nous semble pertinente pour expliquer la survenance de ces conflits en même temps que l’absence d’accords entre les parties concernées dans le cas présent. Cet article mettra en évidence la spécificité du conflit d’usage et de voisinage lié aux antennes-relais en même temps qu’il analysera la survenance du conflit et les difficultés de le résoudre dans le cas présent en s’appuyant sur les concepts de proximité géographique et organisée.
Les acteurs intermédiaires dans le développement de l'innovation : une comparaison intersectorielle dans la région de Montréal
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Klein Juan-Luis , Ben Hassen Tarek , Dossou-Yovo Angelo 
Published: December 2012

Plusieurs travaux de recherche en sciences sociales ont montré que l’innovation comprend une dimension territoriale qui détermine la dynamique du processus ; les entreprises peuvent ainsi être plus ou moins innovantes selon les caractéristiques du territoire où elles se trouvent. Le rôle des organismes intermédiaires a été aussi mis en évidence. Dans ce texte, nous nous intéressons à trois secteurs, soit les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC), l’aéronautique et le vêtement, et nous déterminons les relations entre les organismes intermédiaires et les intrants nécessaires au processus d’innovation. En nous appuyant sur l’approche des systèmes d’innovation, nous avons identifié plusieurs acteurs qui assument des fonctions d’intermédiation dans le processus d’innovation et qui ont été ciblés pour les études de cas. Notre recherche utilise une méthodologie mixte à savoir qualitative et quantitative. Nous concluons que les organisations intermédiaires réalisent différentes fonctions d’intermédiation, contribuant principalement à la base de connaissance des entreprises.
Droit de suite et analyse économique : la complexité d'un marché
Authors: Farchy Joëlle , Petrou Jessica 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article applique au cas particulier du marché de l’art une question plus générale : dans quelle mesure une règle de droit peut-elle entraver le fonctionnement d’un marché ? La confrontation de l’analyse économique du droit de suite avec la réalité des institutions et des comportements sociaux sur le marché de l’art conduit à nuancer fortement les conclusions traditionnelles de la littérature polarisée sur les seuls effets prix et revenus.
Miracle et espace social au village nahua de La Esperanza, Mexique
Authors: Ariel de Vidas Anath 
Published: December 2012

Le récit d’un miracle dans la montagne proche du village nahua de La Esperanza, dans la Huastèque veracruzaine au Mexique, constitue la seule narration rapportée dans ce village au sujet de sa fondation. Cette narration, loin d’être ancrée dans des temps immémoriaux, se situe explicitement au milieu du xxe siècle et relate les offrandes à la montagne qui ont mis fin à plusieurs années de sécheresse. Or, l’analyse de cette seule histoire, mythique, permet finalement de mettre au jour celle, historique, du village. Elle révèle ainsi de manière simultanée l’éclatement et la délimitation des frontières sociales et politiques de ce groupe indien local.
Apoptotic Programs Are Determined during Lineage Commitment of CD4+ T Effectors: Selective Regulation of T Effector-Memory Apoptosis by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Purushothaman Divya , Marcel Nimi , Garg Megha , Venkataraman Rasika , Sarin Apurva 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Lineage-committed T effectors generated in response to Ag during the inflammatory phase are destined to die during termination of the immune response. We present evidence to suggest that molecular signatures of lineage commitment are reflected in apoptotic cascades activated in CD4+ T effectors. Exemplifying this, ablation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protected effector-memory T (TEM) cells, but not TNaive or central-memory T cells, activated in vitro, from apoptosis triggered by cytokine deprivation. Furthermore, attrition of T effectors generated in the secondary, but not the primary, response to Ag was substantially reduced in mice, which received iNOS inhibitors. Distinct patterns of iNOS expression were revealed in wild-type TEM effectors undergoing apoptosis, and ablation of iNOS protein in primary and TEM wild-type effectors confirmed observations made in iNOS−/− cells. Describing molecular correlates of this dependence, mitochondrial damage, activation of the protein Bax, and release from mitochondria of the apoptosis-inducing factor were selectively abrogated in iNOS−/− TEM effectors. Suggesting that iNOS dependence was linked to the functional identity of T cell subsets, both iNOS induction and apoptosis were compromised in IFN-γ−/− TEM effectors, which mirrored the response patterns of iNOS−/− TEM. Collectively, these observations suggest that programs regulating deletion and differentiation are closely integrated and likely encoded during lineage commitment of T effectors.
Toward Animal Cell Culture–Based Influenza Vaccine Design: Viral Hemagglutinin N-Glycosylation Markedly Impacts Immunogenicity
Authors: Hütter Julia , Rödig Jana V. , Höper Dirk , Seeberger Peter H. , Reichl Udo , Rapp Erdmann , Lepenies Bernd 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase are the major determinants of host range and tissue tropism of the influenza virus. HA is the most abundant protein in the virus particle membrane and represents the basis of most influenza vaccines. It has been reported that influenza virus HA N-glycosylation markedly depends on the host cell line used for virus production. However, little is known about how differential glycosylation affects immunogenicity of the viral proteins. This is of importance for virus propagation in chicken eggs as well as for innovative influenza vaccine production in mammalian cell lines. In this study, we investigated the impact of the differential N-glycosylation patterns of two influenza A virus PR/8/34 (H1N1) variants on immunogenicity. Madin–Darby canine kidney cell–derived and Vero cell–derived glycovariants were analyzed for immunogenicity in a TCR-HA transgenic mouse model. Next-generation pyrosequencing validated the congruence of the potential HA N-glycosylation sites as well as the presence of the HA peptide recognized by the TCR-HA transgenic T cells. We show that differential HA N-glycosylation markedly affected T cell activation and cytokine production in vitro and moderately influenced IL-2 production in vivo. Cocultivation assays indicated that the difference in immunogenicity was mediated by CD11c+ dendritic cells. Native virus deglycosylation by endo- and exoglycosidases dramatically reduced cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro and markedly decreased HA-specific Ab production in vivo. In conclusion, this study indicates a crucial importance of HA N-glycosylation for immunogenicity. Our findings have implications for cell line–based influenza vaccine design.
Hydrogel Networks Based on Aba Triblock Copolymers
Authors: tartivel Lucile , Behl Marc , Schroeter Michael , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Background Triblock copolymers from hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) segment A and oligo(propylene glycol) segment B, providing an ABA structure (OEG-OPG-OEG triblock), are known to be biocompatible and are used as self-solidifying gels in drug depots. A complete removal of these depots would be helpful in cases of undesired side effects of a drug, but this remains a challenge as they liquefy below their transition temperature. Therefore we describe the synthesis of covalently cross-linked hydrogel networks. Method Triblock copolymer-based hydrogels were created by irradiating aqueous solutions of the corresponding macro-dimethacrylates with UV light. The degree of swelling, swelling kinetics, mechanical properties and morphology of the networks were investigated. Results Depending on precursor concentration, equilibrium degree of swelling of the films ranged between 500% and 880% and was reached in 1 hour. In addition, values for storage and loss moduli of the hydrogel networks were in the 100 Pa to 10 kPa range. Conclusion Although OEG-OPG-OEG triblocks are known for their micellization, which could hamper polymer network formation, reactive OEG-OPG-OEG triblock oligomers could be successfully polymerized into hydrogel networks. The degree of swelling of these hydrogels depends on their molecular weight and on the oligomer concentration used for hydrogel preparation. In combination with the temperature sensitivity of the ABA triblock copolymers, it is assumed that such hydrogels might be beneficial for future medical applications – e.g., removable drug release systems.
Learning Spatial Object Localization from Vision on a Humanoid Robot
Authors: Leitner Jürgen , Harding Simon , Frank Mikhail , Förster Alexander , Schmidhuber Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

We present a combined machine learning and computer vision approach for robots to localize objects. It allows our iCub humanoid to quickly learn to provide accurate 3D position estimates (in the centimetre range) of objects seen. Biologically inspired approaches, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Programming (GP), are trained to provide these position estimates using the two cameras and the joint encoder readings. No camera calibration or explicit knowledge of the robot's kinematic model is needed. We find that ANN and GP are not just faster and have lower complexity than traditional techniques, but also learn without the need for extensive calibration procedures. In addition, the approach is localizing objects robustly, when placed in the robot's workspace at arbitrary positions, even while the robot is moving its torso, head and eyes.
Examination of the Regulatory Frameworks Applicable to Biologic Drugs (Including Stem Cells and Their Progeny) in Europe, the U.S., and Australia: Part I—A Method of Manual Documentary Analysis
Authors: Ilic Nina , Savic Snezana , Siegel Evan , Atkinson Kerry , Tasic Ljiljana 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Recent development of a wide range of regulatory standards applicable to production and use of tissues, cells, and other biologics (or biologicals), as advanced therapies, indicates considerable interest in the regulation of these products. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare high-tier documents within the Australian, European, and U.S. biologic drug regulatory environments using qualitative methodology. Cohort 1 of the selected 18 high-tier regulatory documents from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regulatory frameworks were subject to a manual documentary analysis. These documents were consistent with the legal requirements for manufacturing and use of biologic drugs in humans and fall into six different categories. Manual analysis included a terminology search. The occurrence, frequency, and interchangeable use of different terms and phrases were recorded in the manual documentary analysis. Despite obvious differences, manual documentary analysis revealed certain consistency in use of terminology across analyzed frameworks. Phrase search frequencies have shown less uniformity than the search of terms. Overall, the EMA framework's documents referred to “medicinal products” and “marketing authorization(s),” the FDA documents discussed “drug(s)” or “biologic(s),” and the TGA documents referred to “biological(s).” Although high-tier documents often use different terminology they share concepts and themes. Documents originating from the same source have more conjunction in their terminology although they belong to different frameworks (i.e., Good Clinical Practice requirements based on the Declaration of Helsinki, 1964). Automated (software-based) documentary analysis should be obtained for the conceptual and relational analysis.
Reasons Why Multimorbidity Increases the Risk of Participation Restriction in Older Adults With Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study in Primary Care
Authors: Wilkie Ross , Blagojevic‐Bucknall Milisa , Jordan Kelvin P. , Lacey Rosie , McBeth John 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo determine why multimorbidity causes participation restriction in adults ages ≥50 years who consult primary care with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThis was a population‐based prospective cohort study of 1,053 consulters for lower extremity OA who were free of participation restriction at baseline. Path analysis was used to test proposed mechanisms by examining for mediation of the association between multimorbidity at baseline, defined by self‐report and consultation data separately, and incident participation restriction at 3 years by lower extremity pain severity, obesity, locomotor disability, and depression.ResultsMultimorbidity was associated with incident participation restriction (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.83, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.03–3.94 for multimorbidity [self‐report]; OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15–2.21 for multimorbidity [consultation data]). The extent of mediation of the association of baseline multimorbidity, defined by self‐report, and incident participation restriction was greater for severe lower extremity pain than obesity (standardized beta coefficients for indirect effect 0.032 [SE 0.015] and 0.020 [SE 0.019], respectively). The addition of depression and locomotor disability increased the amount of mediation (0.115 [SE 0.028]) and reduced the proportion explained by severe lower extremity pain (0.014 [SE 0.015]) and obesity (0.006 [SE 0.010]). Locomotor disability was the strongest mediator.ConclusionThe additional impact on participation in social and domestic life that multimorbidity places on individuals with lower extremity OA appears to be mediated through further restriction of locomotor disability, as well as through depression. The results suggest that the effect of multimorbidity on the daily lives of people with lower extremity OA will be ameliorated by active management of depression and locomotor disability.
Automatisierte zerstörungsfreie Prüftechnik für großflächige Stahlbetontragwerke
Authors: Hussung Dieter R. , Kurz Jochen H. , Stoppel Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEine Vielzahl zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren hat in den letzten Jahren Einzug in die Bauwerksuntersuchung gehalten. Um die Aussagekraft der Einzelverfahren zu erhöhen und den wirtschaftlichen Einsatz weiter voranzubringen, lag es nahe, die Verfahren kombiniert auf einer automatisierten Plattform zu montieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das BetoScan‐System entwickelt. Um weitere Erfahrungen mit dem BetoScan‐System zu erhalten, wurde ein langjährig genutztes Parkhaus aus Stahlbeton mit Gussasphaltfahrbahn als Untersuchungsobjekt ausgewählt. Bei der experimentellen Bauwerksuntersuchung wurden die Verfahren Wirbelstrom, Radar, Ultraschall und Mikrowelle zum Einsatz gebracht. Von der Anwendung des Systems und der Auswertung der Ergebnisse wird in diesem Beitrag berichtet.Automated non‐destructive inspection techniques for large reinforced concrete constructions – an example of useIn recent years a variety of non‐destructive evaluation methods are more and more used for the inspection of constructions. Increasing the information value of inspections and the economic aspects of applications leads to a combination of methods on an automated system. Therefore, the BetoScan robot was developed. Gaining more experience in applications was realized with the inspection of a car park which was unused for several years. The building was made of reinforced concrete with melted asphalt as floor coating. Within the frame of the inspections eddy current, radar, ultrasound and microwaves were used. The application of the BetoScan system and the results are presented in this article.
Analysis of the causes and effects of delay before diagnosis using surgical mortality data
Authors: North J B , Blackford F J , Wall D , Allen J , Faint S , Ware R S , Rey-Conde T 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to assess the causes and effects of delay in diagnosis in surgical patients who died in 20 public hospitals participating in the Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality (QASM) in Australia.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis (June 2007 to December 2011) of deaths reported to QASM. Deaths were assigned to one of two groups (no delay or delay in diagnosis). Logistic regression was used to compare the association of delay with surgical complications, both overall and by surgical specialty.

Results
A total of 3139 deaths were reported. Diagnostic delay was reported in 293 (9·3 per cent). The primary cause of delay was attributed to diagnostic support services (41·7 per cent). Some 174 (13·8 per cent) of 1259 general (gastrointestinal) surgery patients experienced delayed diagnosis. Delay across all surgical specialties was associated with an increased risk of unplanned return to theatre (odds ratio (OR) 1·77, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·24 to 2·52), of being treated in intensive care (OR 1·71, 1·15 to 2·54) and of postoperative complications (OR 1·39, 1·05 to 1·85).

Conclusion
General (gastrointestinal) surgery patients who experienced delayed diagnosis were at increased risk of postoperative complications.
Monolithic packed 96‐tips set for high‐throughput sample preparation: determination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan in whole blood samples by monolithic packed 96‐tips and LC‐MS
Authors: Skoglund Christina , Bassyouni Fatma , Abdel‐Rehim Mohamed 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA monolithic methacrylate packed 96‐tips device was used for the extraction of the busulfan and cyclophosphamide in whole blood samples. Using a packed 96‐tips set, a 96‐well plate could be handled in about 2 min. The key aspect of the monolithic phase is that monolithic material can offer both good extraction capacity and low‐back‐pressure properties. The validation of the methodology showed that the accuracy values of quality‐control samples were between 99 and 113% for busulfan, and between 103 and 110% for cyclophosphamide. The inter‐day precision ranged from 7.0 to 12% for busulfan and from 13 to 16% for cyclophosphamide. The standard calibration curves were obtained within the concentration range 5–2000 nm for busulfan and from 10 to 5000 nm for cyclophosphamide in blood samples. The coefficients of determination were ≥0.99. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing capacity utilization by large scale 3000 L perfusion in seed train bioreactors
Authors: Pohlscheidt Michael , Jacobs Melanie , Wolf Stefan , Thiele Joerg , Jockwer Alexander , Gabelsberger Josef , Jenzsch Marco , Tebbe Hermann , Burg Josef 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIncreasing capacity utilization and lowering manufacturing costs are critical for pharmaceutical companies to improve their competitiveness in a challenging environment. Development of next generation cell lines, improved media formulations, application of mature technologies and innovative operational strategies have been deployed to improve yields and capacity utilization. This article describes a large‐scale perfusion strategy for the N‐1 seed train bioreactor that was successfully applied to achieve higher inoculation cell densities in the production culture. The N‐1 perfusion at 3,000‐L scale, utilizing a inclined settler, achieved cell densities of up to 158 × 105 cell mL−1 at perfusion rates of 2950 L day−1 and a retention efficiency of >85%. This approach increased inoculation cell densities and decreased cultivation times by ∼20% in a CHO‐based, fed‐batch antibody manufacturing process while providing comparable culture performance, productivity, and product quality. The strategy therefore yielded significant increase in capacity utilization and concomitant cost improvement in a large scale cGMP facility. Details of the strategy, the cell retention device, and the cell culture performance are described in this article. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Vom Teerfarbstoff zum Insektizid
Authors: Vaupel Elisabeth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer Münchner Chemieprofessor Wilhelm von Miller war nicht nur einer der beiden Namensgeber der Doebner‐v. Miller‐Chinaldinsynthese, sondern zugleich auch Erfinder des ersten industriell hergestellten, organisch‐chemischen Insektizids, das 1892 unter dem Namen “Antinonnin” von den Farbenfabriken Friedr. Bayer & Co. in Elberfeld auf den Markt gebracht wurde. Der Wirkstoff des Präparates war das Kaliumsalz des 4,6‐Dinitro‐ortho‐kresols (DNOC). Bei dieser gelben Nitroverbindung handelte es sich um einen frühen, nicht besonders guten Teerfarbstoff, der Ende der 1860er Jahre erfunden und zunächst in der Textilfärberei verwendet worden war. Nach Einführung der lichtechteren Azofarbstoffe machte er besonders als Lebensmittelfarbstoff Karriere. Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erschloss Wilhelm von Miller ein völlig neues Verwendungsgebiet für das DNOC, den Pflanzenschutz. Die Verbindung wurde fortan vor allem als Wirkstoff von Insektiziden, Fungiziden, Herbiziden und Entlaubungsmitteln verwendet. Seit 1999 sind DNOC‐haltige Pflanzenschutzmittel in der EU nicht mehr zugelassen. Der Artikel verbindet die Biographie Wilhelm von Millers mit einem Blick in die Geschichte des Pflanzenschutzes in Deutschland.