bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout factors among residents in surgical and non-surgical specialties: a scoping review
Authors: Wang Wei Cen , Biswas Abhirup , Kirpalani Amrit , Wang Peter Zhan Tao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Resident burnout is heterogeneous across specialties. This scoping review explores burnout factors within surgical and non-surgical specialties and how unique challenges within each discipline contribute to burnout.
Methods
A literature search was conducted on OVID Medline and 4 other databases with terms in: 1. residency, 2. burnout, 3. factors, and 4. burnout assessment measures. Original English articles published in North America were included. A frequency is calculated for each factor reported to have a statistically significant association with burnout within the surgical residency category and non-surgical residency category.
Results
There were 46, 50, and 1 study in surgical specialties, non-surgical specialties, and both, respectively. Sixty-five burnout factors were identified. The top personal factors were gender, mindset/mentality, and having a partner/children for both disciplines. The top program-related factors for both disciplines were training stage and workload, and mentorship for surgical specialties and work-life balance for non-surgical specialties. The top external factors for both disciplines were workplace relations, rotations, and co-resident support. The top two institutional factors were autonomy and administrative tasks for surgical specialties, and vice versa for non-surgical specialties.
Conclusion
Common burnout factors suggest ubiquitous challenges in residency. The differences in the burnout experience are driven by innate personal differences, medical culture, and hidden curriculum. Implementation of protective strategies would require thorough consideration of such similarities and differences and control for balancing factors to maintain the quality of education and patient care.
Organic farming drives higher diversity of beetles, with more predators and less pests
Authors: Chouangthavy Bounsanong , Fourcade Yoan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Agricultural intensification has led to significant species losses and has been associated with a decline in ecosystem services proved by insects. Reconciling biodiversity and agriculture production is a key challenge of the 21st century, for which solutions such as organic farming emerge, but remain to be tested in a wide range of ecological and socio-economic contexts. In Asia, particularly in Lao PDR, biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices such as the production of organic crops have been promoted to address these challenges, although intensification continues to progress. In this study, we examined beetle community composition in three organic and three conventional farming systems in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Our results indicate that beetle abundance was relatively consistent in both farm types, while species richness was higher in organic farming compared to conventional farming. Furthermore, predators were over 18 times more abundant, and insect pests 9 times less abundant, in organic farming, suggesting an enhanced pest control. Abundance and richness of beetles also exhibited seasonal variation during the year. These findings have enormous significance for the promotion of sustainable agriculture and the preservation of biodiversity in Southeast Asia and tropical countries in general, and they greatly advance our understanding of the ecological effects of various farming methods. They may also contribute to assisting government policy, particularly the Ministry of Agriculture, which plays a crucial role in promoting and supporting the development of organic agriculture in Lao PDR.
Rigid finite element method in modelling of dynamics of risers with consideration of large deflections
Authors: Adamiec-Wójcik Iwona , Brzozowska Lucyna , Drąg Łukasz , Wojciech Stanisław 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Dynamic analysis of risers often requires consideration of large deflections. One of the discretisation methods which includes analysis of large deflections is the rigid finite element method (RFEM). This paper presents a new, numerically effective, planar formulation of the method. The model takes into account large deflections caused by bending and longitudinal flexibilities. The models elaborated are, after validation, applied in calculations of static deflections and analysis of free frequencies of risers. Investigations are concerned with how a riser’s parameters (such as length and top/bottom supports), the sea current and internal flow all influence frequencies of free vibrations. Analysis of dynamics of a riser with and without an additional mass attached to the bottom of the riser is also carried out.
Atmospheric Pressure Portable Catalytic Air Plasma System for Fast Synthesis of Aqueous NO2− and NO3− Fertilizer in High Concentration
Authors: Ghorui Srikumar , Parab Harshala 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Meaningful deployment of plasma water-based nitrogen fixation (PWBNF) in agricultural application is hindered primarily due to its poor synthesis rate in compact systems. The study reports a directly deployable thermal plasma based portable catalytic compact system, offering typical synthesis rate as high as 1035 mg/min for nitrate and 635 mg/min for nitrite directly from naturally abundant atmospheric air and water. Developed technology is clean, sustainable, easily decentralizable, and completely free from fossil fuels and harmful intermediates like ammonia. The system avoids safety hazards and costs related to the requirements of continuous energy resources, pressurized environment for synthesis, regulated storage, refrigeration need, transportation of raw materials and distribution of fertilizer, as may be required by other competing technologies. Described system, consisting of air plasma torch, reaction chamber, water injection manifold and catalytic bed creates a unique nascent reactive plasma environment at ambient pressure that auto activates the catalyst in the field of thermal plasma for highly efficient fixation of nitrogen. Presented results indicate that use of combination catalysts with mechanically enhanced surface area allows drastic enhancement in the nitrogen fixation. Possible reaction chemistries, results of trials with different catalysts, time evolution of concentration, auto-conversion from nitrite to nitrate in aqueous media, time stability of concentration of the synthesized nitrate and observed remarkable effectiveness in the actual field trials are presented. Achieved synthesis rates are compared with those reported in literature in the area of thermal and non-thermal plasma.
Bowel Function, Urinary Tract Function, and Health-related Quality of Life in Males With Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Gertler Joshua , Granström Anna Löf , Oddsberg Jenny , Gunnarsdóttir Anna , Svenningsson Anna , Wester Tomas , Örtqvist Lisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There is a knowledge gap regarding long-term outcomes for males undergoing surgery for an anorectal malformation (ARM). The purpose of this study was to investigate bowel function, bladder function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in male patients with an anorectal malformation.
Methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included males treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2017. Bowel function was assessed with bowel function score (BFS) whilst urinary tract function was assessed with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) questionnaires. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was investigated using age-relevant questionnaires (KIDSCREEN and PGWBI). Patient characteristics were retrospectively collected from the medical records and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Functional outcomes were compared with gender and age-matched controls whilst HRQoL was compared to normative data. The study was approved by ethics review authorities.
Results
A total of 58 (44.6%) of 130 males responded to the questionnaires. Regarding bowel function, twenty-four (42.1%) of 57 patients and 81 (95.3%) of 85 controls, respectively, reported a well-preserved bowel function represented by a BFS ≥ 17 (p < 0.001). Soiling issues and ‘feels urge’ items improved significantly with age. In a linear regression model, BFS increased significantly with age. For most parameters, the proportion of ARM patients with lower urinary tract symptoms was larger, though not significantly, compared to the controls. However, straining and stress incontinence were reported significantly more often by ARM patients. In patients and controls, voiding outcomes in terms of prevalence of having symptoms and the number of cumulative symptoms drop with increasing age. Children and adults reported similar or, in some domains, better HRQoL outcomes when compared to normative European data.
Conclusion
Bowel function is impaired in male patients with ARM but significantly improves with age. Urinary tract function was affected, but overall comparable to the controls. HRQoL was unaffected. No significant association between the studied outcomes could be shown.
Machine learning assisted single-molecule sensing of per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids: Quantification without standards
Authors: Qiu Kaipei , Zuo Jiaqi , Li Hong-Shuang , Tang Wen , Zhao Xian , Cheng Meng-Yuan , Yang Zekai , Tian Siyu , Li Pufeng , Xie Xueying , Luo Dan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) are of great concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. Despite a severe shortage of authentic standards, compared to the rapid increase of possible structures identified, it remains difficult to quantify a mixture of PFCA without references. Herein, a standard-free single-molecule electrochemical sensing method was developed for the first time by establishing a linear correlation between current blockades and the volumes of PFCA simulated by molecular dynamics. A nearly 100% accuracy was realized for the simultaneous determination of 13 pristine or H- / Cl-substituted PFCA, using frequency-modulated multi-feature classification. Shortlisting the 21 high-priority features reduced the required number of training data by 7.6 folds, and almost 80% quantification reliability was maintained even with interference of 100 times concentration. Moreover, the detection limit of trifluoroacetic acid (an ultrashort-chain PFCA) went down to 57 ng·L-1, comparable to the state-of-the-art performance.
Natural compounds from Ginkgo biloba L. targeting MPO, ERAP-2, DPP-4, PPAR-α, and ET B in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular docking and ADMET predictions
Authors: Chahal Shiwani , Ridhal Pooja , Singh Inderjeet , Jain Heena , Rani Anita , Siwach Priyanka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases stand as the foremost global cause of mortality. With most of the present-day drugs associated with serious side effects, the quest for safer interventions continues. Natural compounds from Ginkgo biloba L., an important Asian medicinal plant, were selected for investigations verifying their potential as new drug lead molecules against selected FDA-approved target proteins. A total of twenty-two compounds were analyzed against five targets: myeloperoxidase (MPO), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and endothelins (ETB). Molecular docking was done using AutoDock Vina software package after the evaluation of physiochemical parameters. The binding energies were calculated from RASPD + and Vina, and correlation was calculated. For post-docking analysis, two programs (Pymol and Discovery Studio Biovia 2017) were applied. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity parameters were calculated using Swiss ADME, Admet SAR, Protox-II servers, and pkCSM. Eighteen compounds were found to exhibit 0/1 violations from Lipinski's rule of five. All these compounds exhibited high binding affinities for the selected target proteins, binding energies ranged from − 4.6 to -10.1 kcal/mol. Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between energy values produced by RASPD + and VINA. Post-docking analysis further validated the strong binding affinities by revealing the number and nature of different atomic interactions. ADMET profiles also revealed the status of these compounds for good intestinal solubility in humans, oral bioavailability, inactive cytotoxicity, and liver toxicity. The analysis identified three compounds showing the highest affinity for the selected target proteins- bilobetin against MPO (-10.1) and DPP4 (-8.5); isoginkgetin against MPO (-10.0), ERAP2 (-8.7), PPARα (-10.1), and ETB (-9.5); and sciadopitysin against DPP4 (-8.7), energies in kcal/mol. These three compounds also exhibited high GI values, a non-substrate status for P-gp, a non-inhibitory nature for CYP enzymes, a high lead-likeness score, and low toxicity, further validating the safety, selectivity, and effectiveness as potent drug lead molecules for treating CVDs and inflammation.
Dietary combinations of L-threonine and encapsulated source of butyric acid (ButiPEARL) modulate growth, some physiological and biochemical parameters, histomorphometry of the intestine, and economic indices of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Authors: Youssuf Hadeer A. , Shehab Ahmed , Hamed Amira M. Abd-El , Raslan Walaa S. , Magdy Yasmin , Mohamed Mona Gamel , kadah Amgad , Matter Aya F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Various immunostimulants have been used as additives in fish feed because they enhance growth and immunity. The current work examined the impact of dietary L-threonine and an encapsulated form of butyric acid (ButiPEARL) on various aspects of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), including growth performance and immune response.
Materials and methods: A total of six experimental fish groups (n = 80) were utilized. The fish in the control group (G1) were fed a basal diet, while those in the other groups were fed experimental diets. The feeding was done twice daily for 42 days, with the food given being 5% of the fish's body weight. The water parameters were maintained at suitable levels.
Results The supplementation of these feed additives, particularly the group of fish fed a diet containing 0.3g/kg of encapsulated butyric acid (ButiPEARL) mixed with 0.48g/kg of L-threonine, exhibited the highest values throughout the experiment. This supplementation significantly enhanced growth performance indicators such as length gain, weight gain, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, it positively influenced immunological parameters (IgM, albumin, total protein in serum, and nitrous oxide in liver tissue), liver enzymes (ALT, AST in serum), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase, SDA) and malondialdehyde, MDA in the liver), biochemical assays (plasma glucose concentrations), and digestive enzymes (lipase and amylase) in plasma. Regarding fish farm profitability, a higher net profit can be achieved by maximizing returns while minimizing costs. The histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the O. niloticus intestines revealed significant improvements in the length and width of the intestinal villi.
Conclusion The inclusion of L-threonine (0.48g/kg) and encapsulated butyric acid (ButiPEARL) (0.3g/kg) in fish diets can serve as safe, natural, and cost-effective feed additives. A combined inclusion level of these additives is recommended to enhance growth, boost immunity, support liver function, and promote intestinal development.
Mitigating Spatial Hallucination in Large Language Models for Path Planning via Prompt Engineering
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Deng Hourui , Ou Jie , Feng Chaosheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Spatial reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) serves as a foundation for embodied intelligence. However, even in simple maze environments, LLMs often struggle to plan correct paths due to hallucination issues. To address this, we propose S2ERS, an LLM-based technique that integrates entity and relation extraction with the on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm Sarsa for optimal path planning. We introduce three key improvements: 1) To tackle the hallucination of spatial, we extract a graph structure of entities and relations from the text-based maze description, aiding LLMs in accurately comprehending spatial relationships. 2) To prevent LLMs from getting trapped in dead ends due to context inconsistency hallucination by long-term reasoning, we insert the state-action value function Q into the prompts, guiding the LLM's path planning. 3) To reduce the token consumption of LLMs, we utilize multi-step reasoning, dynamically inserting local Q-tables into the prompt to assist the LLM in outputting multiple steps of actions at once. Our comprehensive experimental evaluation, conducted using ChatGPT 3.5 and ERNIE-Bot 4.0, demonstrates that S2ERS significantly mitigates the spatial hallucination issues in LLMs, and improves the success rate and optimal rate by approximately 29% and 19%, respectively, in comparison to the SOTA CoT methods.
Designing a plasma device and its application on plant medium
Authors: Rezabeygi Seddigheh , Ahmadi Mohamad Taghi , Rahmani Meysam , Kheiralipour Kamran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this research,a corona plasma discharge device is designed and used on the plant medium in ambient air. Furthermore, the kinetic theory of plasma is utilized and its energy and drift velocity impact on the plant atmosphere analytically is investigated in the modeling section. The effect of cyclotronic frequency, and plasma particle drift velocity on particle energy and its distribution during the collision with the plant surface as an essential factor for the germination process is analyzed. This transfer of energy appears as the kinetic energy of the particles and can be explained in the form of the required energyto prepare an appropriate growth atmosphere for the seeds. The higher plasma particle drift velocity leads to higher energy distribution on the seed surface. The effect of low-temperature pulsed plasma application period and direction on the germination and growth rate of seeds are investigated. Dry chickpea seeds are taken into consideration to be the outturn of the same farm and stored in the same barn and condition. The seeds are exposed to plasma at time intervals of 3,7, and 12 minutes. The results showthat the seeds with 7 minutes of plasma treatment had better growth and rejuvenation compared to the control sample and other samples. The 3-minute plasma application to samples decreased the germination and growth. Additionallyseeds are treated by plasma beam from the germination site (embryo),the back of the embryo, and the cotyledons. The results indicate that applying plasma to the embryo enhances the growth of the chickpea seeds after 30 days of observation.
Investigation of Imbibition Front and Phase Distribution in Shale based on LBM
Authors: Lu Li , Lu Xiaobing , Zhang Xuhui , Huang Yadong , Liu Kuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In order to study the development of imbibition such as the imbibition front and phase distribution in shale, Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM) is used to study the imbibition processes in the pore-throat network of shale. Through dimensional analysis, four dimensionless parameters affecting the imbibition process were determined. A color gradient model of LBM was used in computation based on a real core pore size distribution. The numerical results show that the four factors have great effects on imbibition. The effect of each factor is not monotonous. The imbibition process is the comprehensive effect of all factors. The imbibition front becomes more and more non-uniform with time in a heterogeneous pore-throat network. Some non-wetting phase (oil here) cannot be displaced out. the displacement efficiency and velocity do not change monotonously with any factor. The development of the average imbibition length with time is not smooth and not linear in a heterogeneous pore-throat network. Two fitting relations between the four dimensionless parameters and the imbibition velocity and efficiency are obtained, respectively.
Research on Vibration Control of Base Structure with Composite Variable-thickness Wave Absorbing Damping Plate
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Wenxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The composite variable-thickness wave absorbing damping plate is used to realize the acoustic wave aggregation and vibration energy consumption by adjusting the impedance of the structure. The overall finite element model is constructed by embedding two variable-thickness plates in the middle of a rectangular plate simply supported at both ends. The finite element method is used to calculate the vibration response of the structure and compare the calculated values with the experimental values in order to verify the correctness of the numerical simulation results, and the vibration spectrum peaks of the base panel are taken as the control target, so that the intrinsic frequencies of the monolithic and composite variable-thickness wave absorbing damping plates can be designed by adjusting the material and structural parameters. The variable-thickness plate is fixed to the position with the largest vibration amplitude on the target base panel to realize the coupling resonance with the vibration source, thus absorbing and dissipating the bending vibration energy. In order to control the calculation scale, the area element is used instead of the volume element, and the thickness of variable-thickness plate is assigned by the function to ensure the continuous change of the plate thickness, and the results of the study show that: the numerical simulation model constructed by the above method can greatly improve the calculation efficiency. In the frequency range of 5 ~ 600 Hz, the use of the above composite variable-thickness wave absorbing damping plate (based on the vibration spectrum peak structure) and the connection method can significantly reduce the vibration amplitude of the base panel at the spectrum peak without affecting the strength and weight of the target structure.
WITHDRAWN: An eco-extraction procedure for solvent free extraction of plant phenolics using microwave hydro diffusion and gravity (MHG) model
Authors: Sinha Anjli , Mukherjee Souvik , Chouhan Kavi Bhushan Singh , Mahato Kashinath , Khan Altamash , Dwivedi Apoorva , Pal Riya , Patra Arjun , Mandal Vivekananda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The current work exemplifies a strategic implementation of blended mode microwaving in the MHG model for the solvent-free extraction of phenolics from the leaves of the plant Medicago polymorpha. Blended mode comprises of a mix of 510W microwave power level for 5 min, followed by 340W exposure for 5 min and then finally prolonged exposure of 170W in cycles of 5 min each till the end point is reached. The extraction performance was assessed by the total phenolic and flavonoid contents which was found to be 65.1 and 66.7 mg GAE/QE per g of dried extract respectively, for the extract obtained from MHG (blended mode). Soxhlet extract on the other hand could produce 45.4 and 52.4 mg GAE/QE per g of dried extract. In total 18 phenolic principles were detected out of which 09 compounds showed more than 50% depletion in the extract obtained from Soxhlet. In addition to this extract obtained from MHG showed better stability as only 18.9% degradation was reported in a span of 60 days when compared to 64.1% for the Soxhlet extract for the same length of time. Improved thermal stability and antioxidant activity were the other add on features for the extract obtained through MHG (blended mode). Such technologies embraces environment and progresses sustainably.