bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Monomeric Uncleaved Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Antigen Retains Prefusion-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes
Authors: Swanson Kurt A. , Balabanis Kara , Xie Yuhong , Aggarwal Yukti , Palomo Concepción , Mas Vicente , Metrick Claire , Yang Hui , Shaw Christine A. , Melero José A. , Dormitzer Philip R. , Carfi Andrea 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading infectious cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and a major cause of respiratory illness in the elderly. There remains an unmet vaccine need despite decades of research. Insufficient potency, homogeneity, and stability of previous RSV fusion protein (F) subunit vaccine candidates have hampered vaccine development. RSV F and related parainfluenza virus (PIV) F proteins are cleaved by furin during intracellular maturation, producing disulfide-linked F1 and F2 fragments. During cell entry, the cleaved Fs rearrange from prefusion trimers to postfusion trimers. Using RSV F constructs with mutated furin cleavage sites, we isolated an uncleaved RSV F ectodomain that is predominantly monomeric and requires specific cleavage between F1 and F2 for self-association and rearrangement into stable postfusion trimers. The uncleaved RSV F monomer is folded and homogenous and displays at least two key RSV-neutralizing epitopes shared between the prefusion and postfusion conformations. Unlike the cleaved trimer, the uncleaved monomer binds the prefusion-specific monoclonal antibody D25 and human neutralizing immunoglobulins that do not bind to postfusion F. These observations suggest that the uncleaved RSV F monomer has a prefusion-like conformation and is a potential prefusion subunit vaccine candidate.

IMPORTANCE
RSV is the leading infectious cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and a major cause of respiratory illness in the elderly. Development of an RSV vaccine was stymied when a clinical trial using a formalin-inactivated RSV virus made disease, following RSV infection, more severe. Recent studies have defined the structures that the RSV F envelope glycoprotein adopts before and after virus entry (prefusion and postfusion conformations, respectively). Key neutralization epitopes of prefusion and postfusion RSV F have been identified, and a number of current vaccine development efforts are focused on generating easily produced subunit antigens that retain these epitopes. Here we show that a simple modification in the F ectodomain results in a homogeneous protein that retains critical prefusion neutralizing epitopes. These results improve our understanding of RSV F protein folding and structure and can guide further vaccine design efforts.
Flow diverters: inter and intra-rater reliability of porosity and pore density measurements
Authors: Farzin B , Brosseau L , Jamali S , Salazkin I , Jack A , Darsaut T E , Raymond J 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposePorosity and pore density (PD) are important characteristics of flow diverters (FDs), because they may influence device efficacy and safety. Reliable measurement of these parameters would seem to be required for comparisons between devices, device selection at the time of clinical usage, as well as for research purposes. Because there is no standard method of measurement, our aim was to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of PD measurements and of three different ways of measuring porosity.MethodsSix microphotographs of two fully deployed FDs were taken overlying two different millimetric reference grids: one flat and the other corrected to match the cylindrical stent. Standardized protocols for independently measuring PD and porosity according to three different methods were used by three trained observers and by the same observer twice. Bland–Altman plots and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to study the reliability of the measurements.ResultsFor porosity, satisfactory agreement occurred only when the same method of measurement was performed by the same observer. Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement were poor for measures of porosity when different methods were used (with differences in the range of 5–10%, ICC <0.6 for all methods). Measurement of PD was more reliable within (ICC 0.991 (0.946 to 0.999)) and between (ICC 0.945 (0.781 to 0.991)) observers.ConclusionsWithout standardization, the porosity of different devices cannot reliably be compared because use of different methods or different observers substantially changes results. Pore density seems to be more reliably measured than porosity.
(Foundation-)Matrix Reloaded—Some Remarks on a Useful Concept and Its Pitfalls
Authors: Scholz Regine 
Published: July 2014

In a preliminary remark those brilliant—mostly Jewish–German speaking intellectuals of the 20th-century in central Europe are acknowledged, who formed the background—the matrix—from which Foulkes developed his ideas of matrix and foundation matrix. After recalling the definition and summarizing the notion of foundation matrix, this concept is discussed, comparing it to other theories that aim at large scale transpersonal processes, namely the ‘social unconscious’ and ‘large group identity’. The article closes pleading for very precise group analytic thinking, advising against the possibility that the concepts—if their process character is neglected—could be used to underpin a right wing/fascist argument.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in neuromyelitis optica: A registry study of the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party
Authors: Greco Raffaella , Bondanza Attilio , Oliveira Maria Carolina , Badoglio Manuela , Burman Joachim , Piehl Fredrik , Hagglund Hans , Krasulova Eva , Simões Belinda Pinto , Carlson Kristina , Pohlreich David , Labopin Myriam , Saccardi Riccardo , Comi Giancarlo , Mancardi Gian Luigi , Bacigalupo Andrea , Ciceri Fabio , Farge Dominique 
Published: July 2014

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, hallmarked by pathogenic anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies. NMO prognosis is worse compared with multiple sclerosis. Objective: The European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) conducted a retrospective survey to analyze disease outcome following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Methods: This retrospective multicenter study assessed the efficacy and safety of ASCT in 16 patients suffering from refractory NMO reported to the EBMT registry between 2001 and 2011. Results: Fifteen patients were successfully mobilized with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and G-CSF, one with G-CSF alone. All patients received an unmanipulated autologous peripheral blood stem cell graft, after conditioning with BEAM plus anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG, n = 9 patients), thiotepa-Cy ( n = 3) or Cy (200 mg/kg) plus ATG ( n = 4). After a median follow-up of 47 months, three of 16 cases were progression and treatment free, while in the remaining 13 patients further treatments were administered for disability progression or relapse after ASCT. Altogether, relapse-free survival at three and five years was 31% and 10%, respectively, while progression-free survival remained 48% at three and five years. Conclusions: In these NMO patients, highly resistant to conventional treatment, ASCT allows for temporary control of the disease, despite a tendency to progress or relapse in the long term.
Accuracy of a New Patch Pump Based on a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Compared to Other Commercially Available Insulin Pumps
Authors: Borot Sophie , Franc Sylvia , Cristante Justine , Penfornis Alfred , Benhamou Pierre-Yves , Guerci Bruno , Hanaire Hélène , Renard Eric , Reznik Yves , Simon Chantal , Charpentier Guillaume ,   on behalf of the Diabeloop Study Group
Published: July 2014

Background: The JewelPUMP™ (JP) is a new patch pump based on a microelectromechanical system that operates without any plunger. The study aimed to evaluate the infusion accuracy of the JP in vitro and in vivo. Methods: For the in vitro studies, commercially available pumps meeting the ISO standard were compared to the JP: the MiniMed® Paradigm® 712 (MP), Accu-Chek® Combo (AC), OmniPod® (OP), Animas® Vibe™ (AN). Pump accuracy was measured over 24 hours using a continuous microweighing method, at 0.1 and 1 IU/h basal rates. The occlusion alarm threshold was measured after a catheter occlusion. The JP, filled with physiological serum, was then tested in 13 patients with type 1 diabetes simultaneously with their own pump for 2 days. The weight difference was used to calculate the infused insulin volume. Results: The JP showed reduced absolute median error rate in vitro over a 15-minute observation window compared to other pumps (1 IU/h): ±1.02% (JP) vs ±1.60% (AN), ±1.66% (AC), ±2.22% (MP), and ±4.63% (OP), P < .0001. But there was no difference over 24 hours. At 0.5 IU/h, the JP was able to detect an occlusion earlier than other pumps: 21 (19; 25) minutes vs 90 (85; 95), 58 (42; 74), and 143 (132; 218) minutes (AN, AC, MP), P < .05 vs AN and MP. In patients, the 24-hour flow error was not significantly different between the JP and usual pumps (–2.2 ± 5.6% vs –0.37 ± 4.0%, P = .25). The JP was found to be easier to wear than conventional pumps. Conclusions: The JP is more precise over a short time period, more sensitive to catheter occlusion, well accepted by patients, and consequently, of potential interest for a closed-loop insulin delivery system.
Population-wide incidence estimates for soft tissue knee injuries presenting to healthcare in southern Sweden: data from the Skåne Healthcare Register
Authors: Peat George , Bergknut Charlotte , Frobell Richard , Jöud Anna , Englund Martin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Soft tissue knee injury is a well-established and potent risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from the general population. Our aim was to estimate the annual person-level incidence for a wide spectrum of clinically diagnosed soft tissue knee injuries, and their distribution by age, sex, and season.

Methods
In Sweden, in- and outpatient health care is registered using each individuals’ unique personal identifier including International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 diagnostic code(s) as determined by physicians’ clinical examination. For the calendar years 2004–2012, we studied the population in southern Sweden, Skåne region (approx. 1.3 million). We identified residents who had at least one visit to a physician with clinically diagnosed knee ligament, meniscal, or other soft-tissue injury (S80.0, S83 and all subdiagnoses). We then calculated the mean annual incidence over the 9-year period. As a secondary objective, we investigated potential seasonal variation.

Results
The annual incidence for males and females was 766 (95% CI: 742, 789) and 676 (649, 702) per 100,000 persons/year respectively. For males and females, the peak rate occurred in 15 to 19 year-olds (1698 per 100,000 men and 1464 per 100,000 women, respectively). In women, rates were lowest in the 25 to 34 year-old age range before rising again between the ages of 35 and 49 years. We found substantial seasonal variation, greatest in men, with peaks in March-May and August-October.

Conclusions
The incidence of clinically diagnosed soft-tissue knee injury peaks in adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, a range of knee injuries continue to occur across the adult lifespan including at ages when osteoarthritis is typically diagnosed and managed. The potential cumulative effect on osteoarthritis progression of these injuries may warrant further investigation.
Imaging VEGF receptor expression to identify accelerated atherosclerosis
Authors: Tekabe Yared , Kollaros Maria , Zerihoun Adam , Zhang Geping , Backer Marina V , Backer Joseph M , Johnson Lynne L 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The biology of the vulnerable plaque includes increased inflammation and rapid growth of vasa vasorum, processes that are associated with enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/ imaging receptors for VEGF (VEGFR) signaling and are accelerated in diabetes. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that VEGFRs in atherosclerotic plaques with a SPECT tracer scVEGF-PEG-DOTA/99mTc (scV/Tc) can identify accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes.

Methods
Male apolipoprotein E null (ApoE−/−) mice (6 weeks of age) were made diabetic (n = 10) or left as non-diabetic (n = 13). At 26 to 28 weeks of age, 5 non-diabetic mice were injected with functionally inactivated scV/Tc (in-scV/Tc) that does not bind to VEGF receptors, while 8 non-diabetic and 10 diabetic mice were injected with scV/Tc. After blood pool clearance, at 3 to 4 h post-injection, mice were injected with CT contrast agent and underwent SPECT/CT imaging. From the scans, regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on serial transverse sections comprising the proximal aorta and the percentage of injected dose (%ID) in ROIs was calculated. At the completion of imaging, mice were euthanized, proximal aorta explanted for gamma well counting to determine the percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) uptake and immunohistochemical characterization.

Results
The uptake of scV/Tc in the proximal aorta, calculated from SPECT/CT co-registered scans as %ID, was significantly higher in the diabetic mice (0.036 ± 0.017%ID) compared to non-diabetic mice (0.017 ± 0.005%ID; P < 0.01), as was uptake measured as %ID/g in harvested aorta, 1.81 ± 0.50%ID/g in the diabetic group vs. 0.98 ± 0.25%ID/g in the non-diabetic group (P < 0.01). The nonspecific uptake of in-scV/Tc in proximal aorta was significantly lower than the uptake of functionally active scV/Tc. Immunostaining of the atherosclerotic lesions showed higher expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the diabetic mice.

Conclusion
These initial results suggest that imaging VEGFR with scV/Tc shows promise as a non-invasive approach to identify accelerated atherosclerosis.
Photoinduced Pigmentation Using Base-reactive Indigo Precursors in a Polymer Film
Authors: Arimitsu Koji , Yamamoto Ryousuke , Arai Midori , Furutani Masahiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Organic pigments can be distinguished from dyes because of their insolubility. We have synthesized a soluble base-reactive indigo precursor as a latent pigment, which regenerates an indigo molecule by a base-catalyzed reaction. We also report here the pigmentation of indigo molecules regenerated by the basic species from photobase generator in a polystyrene film.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the venous vessel wall
Authors: Wolter F. , Bode J. 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungLeiomyosarkome machen mit nur 6 % einen kleinen Bereich der Weichteiltumore aus. Davon sind ca. 20 % gefäßassoziiert und vorwiegend im Bereich der Vena cava inferior beschrieben (1–4). Es handelt sich um einen äußerst aggressiven Tumor, der insbesondere an der unteren Extremität unspezifische Beschwerden bereitet. Primär bei nicht vorlie-gender Metastasierung ist die komplette Resektion des Tumors mit Sicherheitsabstand die Therapie der Wahl, die das Langzeitüberleben der Patienten positiv beeinflusst (2, 5, 6). Jedoch mehr als 50 % der Patienten haben bereits bei Diagnosestellung pulmonale oder hepatische Metastasen (1–3). Im Allgemeinen ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von den Chirurgen, Pathologen und Onkologen sowie Radiologen gefordert.Dieses Fallbeispiel beschreibt einen 74-jährigen, männlichen Patienten mit einer seit etwa einem Jahr bestehenden lokalen Schwel-lung am proximalen linken Unterschenkel. Mit Hilfe eines Schnellschnittverfahrens konnte histopathologisch ein Leiomyosarkom mit mäßiger Differenzierung nachgewiesen werden. Es erfolgte die radikale Tumorexzision mit erfolgreicher R0-Resektion.
Rational Speculators, Contrarians, and Excess Volatility
Authors: Lof Matthijs 
Published: July 2014

The vector autoregressive approach for testing present value models is applied to a heterogeneous-agent asset pricing model using historical observations of the S&P 500 index. Besides fundamentalists, who value assets according to expected dividends, the model features rational and contrarian speculators. Agents choose their strategy based on evolutionary considerations. Supplementing the standard present value model with speculative agents dramatically improves the model's ability to replicate observed market dynamics. In particular, the existence of contrarians can explain some of the most volatile episodes including the 1990s bubble, suggesting this was not a rational bubble. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1937 . This paper was accepted by Itay Goldstein, finance.
Adsorption of I2 by Macrocyclic Polyazadithiophenolato Complexes Mediated by Charge‐Transfer Interactions
Authors: Golecki Matthias , Beyer Norman , Steinfeld Gunther , Lozan Vasile , Voitekhovich Sergei , Sehabi Muhamed , Möllmer Jens , Krüger Hans‐Jörg , Kersting Berthold 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe macrocyclic complex [Ni2(L)(OAc)]ClO4 (1) adsorbs up to 17 molar equivalents (>270 wt %) of iodine, although it does not exhibit permanent porosity. Vibrational spectroscopic and crystallographic studies reveal that two I2 molecules are captured by means of thiophenolate→I2 charge‐transfer interactions, which enable the diffusion and sorption of further I2 molecules in a polyiodide‐like network. The efficient sorption and desorption characteristics make this material suitable for accommodation, sensing, and slow release of I2.
An Organocatalytic Azide–Aldehyde [3+2] Cycloaddition: High‐Yielding Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Shashank Adluri B. , Karthik S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn organocatalytic azide–aldehyde [3+2] cycloaddition (organo‐click) reaction of a variety of enolizable aldehydes is reported. The organo‐click reaction is characterized by a high rate and regioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, easily available substrates with simple operation, and excellent yields with a broad spectrum of substrates. It constitutes an alternative to the previously known CuAAC, RuAAC, and IrAAC click reactions.
Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Polarization Aptasensors Based on Exonuclease Signal Amplification and Polystyrene Nanoparticle Amplification
Authors: Huang Yong , Liu Xiaoqian , Shi Ming , Zhao Shulin , Hu Kun , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Liang Hong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHere, we combine T7 exonuclease (T7 Exo) signal amplification and polystyrene nanoparticle (PS NP) amplification to develop novel fluorescence polarization (FP) aptasensors. The binding of a target/open aptamer hairpin complex or a target/single‐stranded aptamer complex to dye‐labeled DNA bound to PS NPs, or the self‐assembly of two aptamer subunits (one of them labeled with a dye) into a target/aptamer complex on PS NPs leads to the cyclic T7 Exo‐catalyzed digestion of the dye‐labeled DNA or the dye‐labeled aptamer subunit. This results in a substantial decrease in the FP value for the amplified sensing process. Our newly developed aptasensors exhibit a sensitivity five orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional homogeneous aptasensors and a high specificity for the target molecules. These distinct advantages of our proposed assay protocol make it a generic platform for the design of amplified aptasensors for ultrasensitive detection of various target molecules.
Imbalance of Caveolin‐1 and eNOS Expression in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Experimental Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Hofmann Alejandro , Gosemann Jan‐Hendrik , Takahashi Toshiaki , Friedmacher Florian , Duess Johannes W. , Puri Prem 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundCaveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) exerts major regulatory functions on intracellular signaling pathways originating at the plasma membrane. Cav‐1 is a key regulator in adverse lung remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) regulating vasomotor tone through its ability to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production. This low‐output endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) derived NO maintains normal pulmonary vascular homeostasis. Cav‐1 deficiency leads to increased bioavailability of NO, which has been linked to increased nitrosative stress. Inhibition of eNOS reduced oxidant production and reversed PH, supporting the concept that Cav‐1 regulation of eNOS activity is crucial to endothelial homeostasis in lungs. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that expression of Cav‐1 is downregulated while eNOS expression is upregulated by the pulmonary endothelium in the nitrofen‐induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsPregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on day 9.5 (D9.5). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into nitrofen and control groups. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal immunofluorescence were performed to determine pulmonary gene expression levels and protein expression of Cav‐1 and eNOS.ResultsPulmonary Cav‐1 gene expression levels were significantly decreased, while eNOS gene expression was significantly increased in nitrofen‐induced CDH(+). Western blotting and confocal microscopy revealed decreased pulmonary Cav‐1 protein expression, while eNOS protein expression was increased in CDH(+) compared to controls.ConclusionThe striking evidence of markedly decreased gene and protein expression of Cav‐1 with concurrently increased eNOS gene and protein expression in the pulmonary vasculature suggests that activation of eNOS secondary to Cav‐1 deficiency may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PH in the nitrofen‐induced CDH
An Exceptionally Stable and Water‐Resistant Metal–Organic Framework with Hydrophobic Nanospaces for Extracting Aromatic Pollutants from Water
Authors: Wang Jun‐Hao , Li Mian , Li Dan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel hydrophobic metal–organic framework (MOF), namely Cu2L (L=3,3′,5,5′‐tetraethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazolate), is synthesized through a stepwise method, and exhibits an unprecedented 3,4‐c net. The exceptionally thermal, chemical, and air stability of this MOF, especially in water and under acidic or basic conditions, and its selective and fast sorption capacity for hydrocarbons over water warrant its direct use for efficient removal of trace organic wastes (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, and mixtures thereof) from contaminated water.