bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life in colorectal cancer
Authors: Färkkilä N. , Sintonen H. , Saarto T. , Järvinen H. , Hänninen J. , Taari K. , Roine R. P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimAs a consequence of the improved survival of patients and of cost‐effectiveness requirements for new treatments, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) issues have gained increasing attention in colorectal cancer (CRC). This cross‐sectional study assesses HRQoL in several health states of CRC and explores factors influencing HRQoL.MethodFive hundred and eight Finnish CRC patients (aged 26–96 years; colon cancer 56%; women 47%) assessed their HRQoL using generic 15D and EQ‐5D and cancer‐specific EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaires. Patients were divided into five groups: primary treatment, rehabilitation, remission, metastatic disease and palliative care. The patients' HRQoL was compared with population reference values. Multivariate modelling was used to find factors associated with HRQoL scores.ResultsThe HRQoL of CRC patients is fairly good and comparable with that of the standardized general population except for those under palliative care. The mean 15D score of patients in the primary treatment group was 0.889 (95% CI 0.869–0.914), in rehabilitation 0.877 (0.855–0.907), in remission 0.886 (0.875–0.903), in metastatic disease 0.860 (0.844–0.878) and in palliative care 0.758 (0.716–0.808). The respective EQ‐5D scores were 0.760 (0.699–0.823), 0.835 (0.777–0.881), 0.850 (0.828–0.882), 0.820 (0.783–0.858) and 0.643 (0.546–0.747). Multivariate analysis showed that fatigue, pain, age and financial difficulties had a marked negative impact on HRQoL.ConclusionThe mean HRQoL scores of CRC patients varied considerably depending on the HRQoL instrument used, but remained surprisingly good up to the palliative stage. In addition to age‐ and cancer‐related symptoms, financial difficulties also had a clear negative impact on HRQoL, which needs to be taken into consideration when supporting patient HRQoL.
Autophagy and hypoxia in colonic adenomas related to aggressive features
Authors: Giatromanolaki A. , Koukourakis M. I. , Koutsopoulos A. V. , Harris A. L. , Gatter K. C. , Sivridis E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe study investigated whether autophagic activity and hypoxia parallel the adenoma–carcinoma sequence.MethodThe study comprised 120 tubular adenomas with high‐grade dysplasia, including 22 with questionable evidence of invasion, 37 with definite stromal invasion and 29 with severely dysplastic adenoma, 10 traditional serrated adenomas and 22 classical tubular adenomas lacking aggressive features. The samples were stained immunohistochemically for autophagy (LC3A and Beclin‐1) and hypoxia‐inducible factor1‐alpha (HIF1α) markers.ResultsLC3A was detected as diffuse cytoplasmic staining and as dense “stone‐like” structures (SLS) within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Beclin‐1 reactivity was purely cytoplasmic, whereas that of HIF1α was both cytoplasmic and nuclear. SLS counts in noninvasive, nontransformed areas of tubular adenomas were consistently low (median SLS = 0.5; 200× magnification), whereas a progressive increase was noted from areas of equivocal invasion (median SLS = 1.3; 200× magnification) and intramucosal carcinoma (median SLS = 1.4; 200× magnification) to unequivocal invasive foci (median SLS = 2.1; 200× magnification) (P < 0.0001). A similar association was shown for Beclin‐1 and HIF1α expression (P < 0.05). Traditional serrated adenomas yielded low SLS counts and weak HIF1α reactivity, but high cytoplasmic LC3A and Beclin‐1 expression (P < 0.01).ConclusionA hypoxia‐driven autophagy in adenomatous polyps, when particularly intense and localized, is commonly associated with early invasion or severely dysplastic adenoma.
Local recurrence after prone vs supine abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: Anderin C. , Granath F. , Martling A. , Holm T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTumour‐involved circumferential resection margins (CRMs) and intra‐operative perforation (IOP) are well known risk factors for local recurrence after surgery for low rectal cancer. In conventional abdominoperineal excision (APE) the patient remains in the supine position for the perineal part of the procedure. However, turning the patient to the prone position may improve visualization which potentially might reduce the risk of involved CRMs and IOP and thus improve local control. The study was carried out to assess local recurrence rates after APE in relation to the positioning of the patient during the perineal part of the procedure.MethodThis cohort study includes 466 patients having APE for low rectal cancer between 2001 and December 2010. Data were retrieved from the regional rectal cancer registry in Stockholm and from a retrospective review of patient files.ResultsAn incomplete resection was reported in 12.4% after APE in the supine position and in 6.8% after APE in the prone position (P = 0.038). Corresponding figures for IOP were 12.4% and 4.0% (P < 0.001). Prone APE was associated with a 39% relative reduction in local recurrence events compared with APE in the supine position, although the difference was not statistically significant (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.27–1.37).ConclusionAPE in the prone position reduced the incidence of incomplete resection and IOP, but the study did not find a statistically significant difference in local failure rates related to the position of the patient.
Survival of patients with Stage III colon cancer is improved in hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer compared with sporadic cases. A Danish registry based study
Authors: Brixen L. M. , Bernstein I. T. , Bülow S. , Ehrnrooth E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimPatients with hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) seem to have a better prognosis than those with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim was to compare survival after Stage III CC in patients with HNPCC with those having sporadic CC.MethodA total of 230 patients with hereditary cancer from the Danish HNPCC Register and 3557 patients with sporadic CC from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Database, diagnosed during May 2001–December 2008, were included. HNPCC patients were classified according to mismatch repair mutation status and family pedigree. Sporadic cases had no known family history of cancer. Patient characteristics, geographical differences and survival data were analysed.ResultsThe overall survival (OS) was better in HNPCC patients compared with sporadic CC after stratification for sex and age (P = 0.02; CI 1.04–1.7). The 5‐year survival was 70% in HNPCC patients compared with 56% in sporadic CC (P < 0.001). No survival difference was found between HNPCC subgroups but a tendency to better OS was seen in patients with Lynch syndrome. No geographical differences in OS were found. The median follow‐up was 3.9 (0–9.5) years for HNPCC vs 3.2 (0–9.6) years for sporadic CC.ConclusionHNPCC patients with Stage III CC have a better OS compared with sporadic CC. No significant difference in OS was found within HNPCC subgroups.
Effect of preoperative two‐dimensional animation information on perioperative anxiety and knowledge retention in patients undergoing bowel surgery: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Tou S. , Tou W. , Mah D. , Karatassas A. , Hewett P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe use of multimedia information provided preoperatively can potentially reduce anxiety in patients and improve the hospital experience. However, the use of two‐dimensional (2D) animation (cartoon) to provide information to patients undergoing colorectal surgery has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of preoperative 2D information on anxiety and knowledge retention in patients undergoing bowel surgery.MethodPatients were randomized to one of two groups; the video group watched a 13‐min cartoon animation whereas the nonvideo group did not. Anxiety levels were measured at the preadmission clinic, postvideo, on the day of admission for surgery, within 24‐h after surgery and before discharge using the Spielberger state‐trait anxiety inventory and visual analogue scale. Both groups completed a knowledge retention questionnaire and the video group completed a feedback questionnaire about the animation.ResultsThirty‐one patients (16 video, 15 nonvideo) participated in the study. There was no significant difference in baseline anxiety score between two groups. An immediate reduction (P = 0.03) in anxiety score was observed in the video group after watching the video compared with baseline. There was a significant reduction in anxiety score in the video group at discharge compared with the nonvideo group (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in knowledge retention between two groups. Eighty‐eight per cent of patients who watched the video found it beneficial.Conclusion2D animation is an effective medium for delivering information to patients undergoing bowel surgery and can potentially reduce anxiety related to surgery and improve the hospital experience.
Determining in‐patient diabetes treatment satisfaction in the UK—the DIPSat study
Authors: Rutter C. L. , Jones C. , Dhatariya K. K. , James J. , Irvine L. , Wilson E. C. F. , Singh H. , Walden E. , Holland R. , Harvey I. , Bradley C. , Sampson M. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo measure in‐patient diabetes treatment satisfaction and its relationship to in‐patient diabetes care.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, diabetes in‐patient specialist nurses at 58 UK hospitals asked insulin‐treated in‐patients with diabetes to complete the recently updated Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for In‐patients and a general questionnaire; 1319 in‐patients completed these questionnaires.ResultsSatisfaction with the general diabetes treatment items in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for In‐patients was high, but there were high levels of extreme dissatisfaction with meal choices, meal quality and lack of similarity of hospital meals to normal domestic choices—23% would never or rarely have made similar meal choices at home. Hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia was reported for much of the in‐patient stay (20% and 7%, respectively) and 26% reported at least one severe hypoglycaemic episode; these groups had lower satisfaction with the timing of medication in relation to meals (P < 0.003). More frequent in‐patient hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia were associated with significantly poorer overall satisfaction scores and negative well‐being scores (both P < 0.0001). Previous experience of a multiple daily insulin injection regimen was associated with more dissatisfaction than other regimens (P < 0.01). Multiple regression models explained 36% of variability in overall treatment satisfaction, with most (22.4%) accounted for by satisfaction with time spent with a diabetes in‐patient specialist nurse (P < 0.0001). Self‐administration of insulin was independently associated with higher treatment satisfaction (P < 0.006) in this model.ConclusionsThe DIPSat programme describes the complex relationships between diabetes in‐patient treatment satisfaction and in‐patient diabetes care.
Clinical predictors of risk of hypoglycaemia during addition and titration of insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karl D. M. , Gill J. , Zhou R. , Riddle M. C. 
Published: January 2013

AimAddition and titration of basal insulin is usually effective in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, but fear of hypoglycaemia remains a barrier. Ability to predict which patients might be at greatest risk of hypoglycaemia might facilitate individualization of treatment and improve safety. The aim of this study was to obtain information about clinical characteristics which might predict risk of hypoglycaemia during initiation of basal insulin.MethodsPatient‐level data from 2251 participants in 11 studies in which insulin glargine was started and titrated using similar treat‐to‐target methods was pooled and analysed with logistic regression models.ResultsParticipants had mean age 58 years, diabetes duration 8.9 years, body mass index 31.0 and baseline A1c 8.8%. They attained mean A1c 7.1% during 6 months of treatment with final mean glargine dosage 0.44 units/kg. Symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred in 52%, glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <50 mg/dl) in 17%, repeated glucose‐confirmed events in 7% and severe hypoglycaemia in 1.5%. Independent predictors of glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia were younger age, lower body mass index, use of a sulphonylurea in addition to metformin, lower attained A1c and lower dosage of glargine.ConclusionsThese findings confirm low rates of clinically important hypoglycaemia using this method, and suggest that higher risk of hypoglycaemia may be suspected when patients needing insulin are younger, less obese and taking metformin and a sulphonylurea, and especially when A1c levels ≤7.0% are attained with glargine dosage ≤0.4 units/kg.
Transglial transmission at the dorsal root ganglion sandwich synapse: glial cell to postsynaptic neuron communication
Authors: Rozanski Gabriela M. , Li Qi , Stanley Elise F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contains a subset of closely‐apposed neuronal somata (NS) separated solely by a thin satellite glial cell (SGC) membrane septum to form an NS–glial cell–NS trimer. We recently reported that stimulation of one NS with an impulse train triggers a delayed, noisy and long‐lasting response in its NS pair via a transglial signaling pathway that we term a ‘sandwich synapse’ (SS). Transmission could be unidirectional or bidirectional and facilitated in response to a second stimulus train. We have shown that in chick or rat SS the NS‐to‐SGC leg of the two‐synapse pathway is purinergic via P2Y2 receptors but the second SGC‐to‐NS synapse mechanism remained unknown. A noisy evoked current in the target neuron, a reversal potential close to 0 mV, and insensitivity to calcium scavengers or G protein block favored an ionotropic postsynaptic receptor. Selective block by D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate (AP5) implicated glutamatergic transmission via N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. This agent also blocked NS responses evoked by puff of UTP, a P2Y2 agonist, directly onto the SGC cell, confirming its action at the second synapse of the SS transmission pathway. The N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor NR2B subunit was implicated by block of transmission with ifenprodil and by its immunocytochemical localization to the NS membrane, abutting the glial septum P2Y2 receptor. Isolated DRG cell clusters exhibited daisy‐chain and branching NS–glial cell–NS contacts, suggestive of a network organization within the ganglion. The identification of the glial‐to‐neuron transmitter and receptor combination provides further support for transglial transmission and completes the DRG SS molecular transmission pathway.
Dichotomy of decorin activity on the insulin‐like growth factor‐I system
Authors: Morrione Andrea , Neill Thomas , Iozzo Renato V. 
Published: January 2013

The stromal‐specific proteoglycan decorin has emerged in recent years as a critical regulator of tumor initiation and progression. Decorin regulates the biology of various types of cancer by modulating the activity of several receptor tyrosine kinases coordinating growth, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Decorin binds to surface receptors for epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor with high affinity, and negatively regulates their activity and signaling via robust internalization and eventual degradation. The insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I system plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. The IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐IR) is also essential for cellular transformation, owing to its ability to enhance cell proliferation and protect cancer cells from apoptosis. Recent data have pointed to a role of decorin in regulating the IGF‐I system in both nontransformed and transformed cells. Significantly, there is a surprising dichotomy in the mechanism of decorin action on IGF‐IR signaling, which differs considerably between physiological and pathological cellular models. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on decorin regulation of the IGF‐I system in normal and transformed cells, and discuss possible decorin‐based therapeutic approaches to target IGF‐IR‐driven tumors.
The influence of simulated clinical use on the flexibility of rotary ProTaper Universal, K3 and EndoSequence nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Viana A. C. D. , Pereira E. S. J. , Bahia M. G. A. , Buono V. T. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of cyclic flexural and torsional loading on the flexibility of ProTaper Universal, K3 and EndoSequence nickel–titanium instruments, in view of the hypothesis that these types of loading would decrease the flexibility of the selected NiTi rotary files.MethodologyThe instruments evaluated were S2 and F1 ProTaper Universal, sizes 20 and 25, .06 taper K3, and sizes 20 and 25, .06 taper EndoSequence. Flexibility was determined by 45° bending tests according to ISO 3630‐1 specification. Values of the bending moment (MB) obtained with new instruments were considered as the control group (CG). Bending tests were then conducted in instruments previously fatigued to one‐fourth and three‐fourths of their average fatigue life (fatigue groups, FG¼ and FG¾), as well as after cyclic torsional loading (torsional group, TG). Fatigue tests were carried out in a bench device that allowed the files to rotate freely inside an artificial canal with an angle of curvature of 45° and a radius of 5 mm. Cyclic torsional loading tests were performed that entailed rotating the instrument from zero angular deflection to 180° and then returning to zero applied torque in 20 cycles. Data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%.ResultsSimulated clinical use by means of flexural fatigue tests did not affect the flexibility of the instruments, except for a significant increase in flexibility observed in a few instruments (P < 0.05). In addition, comparative statistical analyses between the values of MB measured in new instruments and after cyclic torsional loading showed no significant differences between them (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe flexibility of rotary ProTaper Universal, K3 and EndoSequence NiTi instruments, measured in bending tests, was not adversely affected by simulated clinical use in curved root canals.
Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: a review
Authors: Lima S. M. F. , Grisi D. C. , Kogawa E. M. , Franco O. L. , Peixoto V. C. , Gonçalves‐Júnior J. F. , Arruda M. P. , Rezende T. M. B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. DM is characterized by hyperglycaemia, resulting in wound healing difficulties and systemic and oral manifestations, which have a direct effect on dental pulp integrity. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The influence of DM on periapical bone resorption and its impact on dental intervention of such patients are reviewed, and its aetiology and pathogenesis are analysed at molecular level. Pulps from patients with diabetes have the tendency to present limited dental collateral circulation, impaired immune response, increased risk of acquiring pulp infection (especially anaerobic ones) or necrosis, besides toothache and occasional tendency towards pulp necrosis caused by ischaemia. In regard to molecular pathology, hyperglycaemia is a stimulus for bone resorption, inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation and reducing bone recovery. The relationship between poorly controlled diabetes and bone metabolism is not clearly understood. Molecular knowledge about pulp alterations in patients with diabetes could offer new therapeutic directions. Knowledge about how diabetes affects systemic and oral health has an enduring importance, because it may imply not only systemic complications but also a higher risk of oral diseases with a significant effect on pulp and periapical tissue.
Molecular analysis of Malassezia species isolated from Israeli patients with pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Lyakhovitsky Anna , Shemer Avner , Amichai Boaz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia species. The clinical significance of each of these species is not fully understood. M. furfur has long been identified as the causative agent of PV. Several recent studies suggest that M. globosa is most frequently associated with PV.Objectives  The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of Malassezia species in affected and unaffected skin in Israeli patients with PV using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based culture‐independent method.Methods  Samples were taken from affected skin of 75 patients with PV (35 females and 40 males, age range 18–65 years) who visited our outpatient clinic and from unaffected skin in 26 patients for direct microscopy and detection of Malassezia species using a PCR‐based method.Results  The major Malassezia species in PV was M. globosa, found in 97.3% (73 of 75) of samples from affected skin and 80.8% (21 of 26) samples of unaffected skin. M. restricta was associated with M. globosa in 1.3% (one of 75) of patients. No cases of M. furfur were detected in this study. There was no difference in the distribution of Malassezia species between affected and unaffected skin.Conclusion  Based on the PCR test, we have shown that M. globosa is probably most frequently associated with PV.
Genistein Excitation of Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Neurones in Juvenile Female Mice
Authors: Bhattarai J. P. , Ábrahám I. M. , Han S. K. 
Published: January 2013

We investigated the effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones using single‐cell electrophysiology on GnRH‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic juvenile female mice. Perforated patch‐clamp recordings from GnRH‐GFP neurones showed that approximately 83% of GnRH neurones responded to 30 μm genistein with a markedly prolonged membrane depolarisation. This effect not only persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, but also in the presence of amino acid receptor antagonists, indicating the direct site of action on postsynaptic GnRH neurones. Using a voltage clamp technique, we found that 30 μm genistein increased the frequency of synaptic current of GnRH neurones clamped at −60 mV in the presence of glutamate receptor blocker but not GABAA receptor blocker. Pre‐incubation of GnRH neurones with 30 μm genistein enhanced kisspeptin‐induced membrane depolarisation and firing. GnRH neurones of juvenile mice injected with genistein in vivo showed an enhanced kisspeptin response compared to vehicle‐injected controls. The transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) blocker 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (75 μm) blocked the genistein‐mediated response on GnRH neurones. These results demonstrate that genistein acts on GnRH neurones in juvenile female mice to induce excitation via GABA neurotransmission and TRPCs to enhance kisspeptin‐induced activation.