bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oriented bone formation using biomimetic fibrin hydrogels with three‐dimensional patterned bone matrices
Authors: Sasaki Jun‐Ichi , Matsumoto Takuya , Imazato Satoshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCortical bone exerts its biological properties through internal orientations of hydroxyapatite. Recently, we succeeded in fabricating three‐dimensional (3D) patterns of bone matrices using fibrin gels. We hypothesized that these fibrin gels would induce cortical bone‐like tissue in vivo and offer promising prospects for biomimetic materials. The purposes of this study were to assess the characteristics of osteoblastic‐induced fibrin gels in vitro and evaluate whether fibrin gels with biomimetic matrices formed cortical bone‐like tissue in vivo. When bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)‐containing fibrin gels were uniaxially fixed and cultured, BMSCs became aligned parallel to the fixed direction. The tensile strengths of the gels increased dramatically from 1.5 to 218 kPa after 50 days in culture. Furthermore, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the fibrin gel constituents changed into those of native bone. Quantitative analyses of specific components demonstrated that the amounts of calcium and osteopontin in the gels increased with prolonged culture. After subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice, cortical bone‐like tissues that possessed layered structures were formed. The results indicated that 3D patterned bone matrices induced 3D patterned cortical bone formation in vivo. These biomimetic materials containing 3D patterned bone matrices are promising tools for the field of bone regenerative medicine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 622–627, 2015.
Protective Association of Milk Intake on the Risk of Hip Fracture: Results from the Framingham Original Cohort
Authors: Sahni Shivani , Mangano Kelsey M , Tucker Katherine L , Kiel Douglas P , Casey Virginia A , Hannan Marian T 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Dairy foods are rich in bone-beneficial nutrients, yet the role of dairy foods in hip fracture prevention remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the association of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, and milk + yogurt intakes with incident hip fracture in the Framingham Original Cohort. A total of 830 men and women from the Framingham Original Cohort, a prospective cohort study, completed a food-frequency questionnaire (1988 to 1989) and were followed for hip fracture until 2008. In this population-based study, Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) by categories of energy-adjusted dairy intake (servings/wk), adjusting for standard confounders and covariates. The exposure was energy-adjusted intakes of milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, and milk + yogurt (servings/wk). Risk of hip fracture over the follow-up was the primary outcome; the hypothesis being tested was formulated after data collection. The mean age at baseline was 77 years (SD 4.9, range 68 to 96). Ninety-seven hip fractures occurred over the mean follow-up time of 11.6 years (range 0.04 to 21.9 years). The mean ± SD (servings/wk) of dairy intakes at baseline were: milk = 6.0 ± 6.4; yogurt = 0.4 ± 1.3; cheese = 2.6 ± 3.1; and cream = 3.4 ± 5.5. Participants with medium (&gt;1 and &lt;7 servings/wk) or higher (≥7 servings/wk) milk intake tended to have lower hip fracture risk than those with low (≤1 serving/wk) intake (high versus low intake HR 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–1.06, p = 0.078; medium versus low intake HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.36–1.08, p = 0.071; p trend = 0.178]. There appeared to be a threshold for milk, with 40% lower risk of hip fracture among those with medium/high milk intake compared with those with low intake (p = 0.061). A similar threshold was observed for milk + yogurt intake (p = 0.104). These associations were further attenuated after adjustment for femoral neck bone mineral density. No significant associations were seen for other dairy foods (p range = 0.117 to 0.746). These results suggest that greater intakes of milk and milk + yogurt may lower risk for hip fracture in older adults through mechanisms that are partially, but not entirely, attributable to effects on bone mineral density. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Constitutive Expression of GsαR201C in Mice Produces a Heritable, Direct Replica of Human Fibrous Dysplasia Bone Pathology and Demonstrates Its Natural History
Authors: Saggio Isabella , Remoli Cristina , Spica Emanuela , Cersosimo Stefania , Sacchetti Benedetto , Robey Pamela G , Holmbeck Kenn , Cumano Ana , Boyde Alan , Bianco Paolo , Riminucci Mara 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD) is a crippling skeletal disease associated with postzygotic mutations (R201C, R201H) of the gene encoding the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein, Gs. By causing a characteristic structural subversion of bone and bone marrow, the disease results in deformity, hypomineralization, and fracture of the affected bones, with severe morbidity arising in childhood or adolescence. Lack of inheritance of the disease in humans is thought to reflect embryonic lethality of germline-transmitted activating Gsα mutations, which would only survive through somatic mosaicism. We have generated multiple lines of mice that express GsαR201C constitutively and develop an inherited, histopathologically exact replica of human FD. Robust transgene expression in neonatal and embryonic tissues and embryonic stem (ES) cells were associated with normal development of skeletal tissues and differentiation of skeletal cells. As in humans, FD lesions in mice developed only in the postnatal life; a defined spatial and temporal pattern characterized the onset and progression of lesions across the skeleton. In individual bones, lesions developed through a sequence of three distinct histopathological stages: a primary modeling phase defined by endosteal/medullary excess bone formation and normal resorption; a secondary phase, with excess, inappropriate remodeling; and a tertiary fibrous dysplastic phase, which reproduced a full-blown replica of the human bone pathology in mice of age ≥1 year. Gsα mutations are sufficient to cause FD, and are per se compatible with germline transmission and normal embryonic development in mice. Our novel murine lines constitute the first model of FD. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hybrid Learning: An Integrative Approach to Engineering Education
Authors: Jamison Andrew , Kolmos Anette , Holgaard Jette Egelund 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis article explores the contradiction that has developed between market‐driven and academic strategies of response to the challenges facing engineering and engineering education. In these contending response strategies there are deep‐seated, underlying historical tensions at work.PurposeThis article aims to create a theoretical and conceptual framework, which allows engineering educators to reflect on their perceptions and practices in regard to institutional change and reform.DesignA historical review traces the history of the tensions between different traditions of engineering education from their medieval roots through the institutionalization of engineering education in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and discusses the different conceptions of engineering and engineering knowledge on which they are based. We then relate the historical review to educational conceptualizations of the university as well as curriculum models.ResultsOn the basis of a synthesis of the historical and educational perspectives, we present an analytical distinction between three modes of engineering education. We propose a transformation to an integrative mode that is less prominent historically, but growing in importance. By introducing the term hybrid learning, we furthermore outline important aspects to be considered in the process of transforming engineering education.ConclusionsWe conclude by inviting engineering educators, students, administrators, and policy makers to consult our theoretical and conceptual framework and consider a transformation to an integrative mode. This integrative mode is designed to foster hybrid learning, a contextual, transformative, collaborative, and situated learning approach that holds potential in facing the increasing complexity of engineering.
Platysma synkinesis in facial palsy and botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Dall'Angelo Anna , Mandrini Silvia , Sala Vittorio , Pavese Chiara , Carlisi Ettore , Comelli Mario , Toffola Elena D. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisFacial synkinesis is a well‐known disabling occurrence following severe facial palsy. Platysma muscle, innervated by the facial nerve, can be involved in synkinesis as well, but thus far has been little investigated. The aim of our study is to evaluate the presence of platysma synkinesis and its clinical evolution after onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT‐A) (Botox®; Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) injections.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsSixty‐nine patients were treated for synkinesis following facial palsy. Of those, 45 were affected by platysma synkinesis and thus were injected in the platysma muscle. The total number of sessions was 124. The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) and a specific platysmal evaluation for the presence and severity of synkinesis and local symptoms were performed before and after BoNT‐A treatments.ResultsPlatysma synkinesis was present in 65.2% of the sample and was associated with subjective complaints in 85.5% of the cases. The facial expressions more related to platysma synkinesis were snarl, followed by open‐mouth smile and lip pucker. After each BoNT‐A treatment, there was an improvement in facial symmetry at rest and during voluntary movements, a global reduction of synkinesis, and a specific reduction of synkinesis and symptoms related to the platysma. No adverse reaction to BoNT‐A occurred.ConclusionPlatysma involvement represents a recurring and symptomatic problem in patients affected by synkinetic recovery following facial palsy. After BoNT‐A injections, there is a reduction in platysma synkinesis and related symptoms.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2513–2517, 2014
Incorporating reference in parallel imaging and compressed sensing
Authors: Peng Xi , Ying Leslie , Liu Qiegen , Zhu Yanjie , Liu Yuanyuan , Qu Xiaobo , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo develop a new compressed sensing parallel imaging technique called READ‐PICS that can effectively incorporate prior information from a reference scan for MR image reconstruction from highly undersampled multichannel measurements.MethodsREAD‐PICS incorporates information from a high‐spatial‐resolution reference prior using the generalized series model, to achieve increased image sparsity and mitigated noise amplification simultaneously. To further improve the ill‐conditioning of the parallel imaging system, an annular area in the central residual k‐space is used for calibration. Additionally, the mixed L1‐L2 norm of the coefficients from the prior component and residual component is used to enforce joint sparsity.ResultsThe evaluations on parametric imaging and multiscan experiment demonstrate superior performance of READ‐PICS in terms of detail preservation and noise suppression compared to state‐of‐the‐art technique, L1‐Iterative self‐consistent parallel imaging reconstruction, and prescan required method, correlation imaging.ConclusionsThe proposed method can significantly increase signal sparsity and improve the ill‐conditioning of the parallel imaging system using reference adaptive regularization. This technique can be easily adapted to other imaging applications where multiple images need to be acquired sequentially and a reference prior is also available. Magn Reson Med 73:1490–1504, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A bond failure criterion for DEM simulations of cemented geomaterials considering variable bond thickness
Authors: Jiang Mingjing , Liu Fang , Zhou Yaping 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA series of micromechanical tests were conducted to investigate the bond failure criterion of bonded granules considering the effect of bond thickness, with the aim of enhancing the bond contact model used in the distinct element simulations of cemented geomaterials. The granules were idealized in a two‐dimensional context as one pair of aluminum rods bonded by resin epoxy or cement. The mechanical responses of nearly 500 rod pairs were tested under different loading paths to attain the yield loads of bonded granules at variable bond thickness. This study leads to a generic bond failure criterion incorporating the effect of the bond thickness. The results show that the bond compressive resistance largely decreases with increasing bond thickness owing to the presence of the confinement at the bond‐particle interface. The strength envelopes obtained from the combined shear compression tests and combined torsion compression tests have identical functional form, and they decrease in size with increasing bond thickness but remain unchanged in shape. Given the same cementation material, the generic bond strength envelope in a three‐dimensional contact force space under different loading paths remains the same in shape but shrinks with the increase of bond thickness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital femoral deficiency and fibular hemimelia
Authors: Radler Christof , Myers Abigail K. , Hunter Renee J. , Arrabal Pedro P. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesRoutine ultrasonography can detect congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) and fibular hemimelia (FH), but prenatal detection rate and its relation to deformity severity have never been reported. Whether mothers prefer prenatal diagnosis is also unknown. We aimed to determine whether mothers prefer prenatal diagnosis, to report detection rates for CFD and/or FH, and to correlate detection rates to severity of limb shortening.MethodsSurveys were mailed to 171 mothers who gave birth to children with CFD/FH between 2000 and 2008. Bilateral femoral and tibial lengths were measured on postnatal radiographs. We calculated corresponding femoral/tibial lengths at gestational weeks 20 and 30.ResultsSixty‐five surveys were returned, and 56 radiographs were reviewed. Most mothers (63%) preferred prenatal diagnosis as it enables prenatal counseling. Congenital limb shortening was detected in 24 cases (37%) and was not detected in 41 cases (63%). Detection rate was 52% (12 of 23) in CFD cases, 23% (three of 13) in FH cases, and 30% (six of 20) in combined cases. CFD cases with severe shortening had a higher detection rate.ConclusionsUltrasonographers should measure both femoral and tibial lengths. Unilateral shortening should result in pediatric orthopedic consultation to estimate limb‐length discrepancy at maturity and discuss treatment. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteinuria testing among patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with bladder cancer diagnosis: potential for unmeasured confounding in studies of pioglitazone and bladder cancer
Authors: Lewis James D. , Habel Laurel , Quesenberry Charles , Mamtani Ronac , Peng Tiffany , Bilker Warren B. , Hedderson Monique , Nessel Lisa , Vaughn David J. , Strom Brian L. , Ferrara Assiamira 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe observed association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer could be causal or because of bias in the design of prior studies. We hypothesize that proteinuria testing may lead to detection bias if routine test results for proteinuria lead to a full urinalysis.MethodsWe reanalyzed patients with diabetes mellitus within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Logistic and Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking were used to assess the association of proteinuria testing with pioglitazone use, subsequent full urinalysis, and diagnosis with bladder cancer.ResultsPatients treated with pioglitazone were more likely than others with diabetes to undergo testing for proteinuria (p < 0.001). The odds of positive tests for proteinuria were higher among pioglitazone‐treated patients (OR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.36–1.46). A positive proteinuria test was associated with increased odds of completing a urinalysis in the following 6 months (OR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.73–1.85). Negative and positive proteinuria test results were inversely (hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95%CI 0.52–0.75) and positively associated (HR 2.45, 95%CI 2.12–2.82) with bladder cancer risk, respectively. Adjustment for negative and positive proteinuria testing reduced the magnitude of association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer by only 5 to 10% (ever‐exposed HR: from 1.06 to 1.01 and >4 years exposure HR: from 1.38 to 1.28).ConclusionsProteinuria testing may be a confounder in studies of pioglitazone and bladder cancer but does not fully explain the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer in this cohort. Optimal adjustment for proteinuria testing likely requires knowledge of the test result. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the first glyphosate‐resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations
Authors: Ashworth Michael B , Walsh Michael J , Flower Ken C , Powles Stephen B 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Australia, glyphosate has been used routinely to control wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) for the past 40 years. This study focuses on two field‐evolved glyphosate‐resistant populations of wild radish collected from the grainbelt of Western Australia.RESULTSTwo wild radish biotypes were confirmed to be glyphosate resistant by comparing R/S of two suspected populations. Based on R/S from dose–response curves, the R1 and R2 populations were 2.3 and 3.2 times more resistant to glyphosate respectively. Dose response on glyphosate‐selected progeny (>1080 g ha−1) demonstrated that the glyphosate resistance mechanism was heritable. When compared with the pooled mortality results of three known susceptible populations (S1, S2 and S3), the R1 and R2 subpopulations were 3.4‐fold and 4.5‐fold more resistant at the LD50 level respectively. Both populations were found to have multiple resistance to the phytoene desaturase inhibitor; diflufenican, the synthetic auxin; 2,4‐D and the ALS inhibitors; chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron‐methyl, imazethapyr and metosulam.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report confirming glyphosate resistance evolution in wild radish and serves to re‐emphasise the importance of diverse weed control strategies. Proactive and integrated measures for resistance management need to be developed to diversify control measures away from glyphosate and advance the use of non‐herbicidal techniques. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Using mutation to assess fault detection capability of model review
Authors: Arcaini Paolo , Gargantini Angelo , Riccobene Elvinia 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAmong validation techniques, model review is a static analysis approach that can be performed at the early stages of software development, at the specification level, and aims at determining if a model owns certain quality attributes (like completeness, consistency and minimality). However, the model review capability to detect behavioural faults has never been measured. In this paper, a methodology and a supporting tool for evaluating the fault detection capability of a NuSMV model advisor are presented, which performs an automatic static model review of NuSMV models. The approach is based on the use of mutation in a similar way as in mutation testing: several mutation operators for NuSMV models are defined, and the model advisor is used to detect behavioural faults by statically analysing mutated specifications. In this way, it is possible to measure the model advisor ability to discover faults. To improve the quality of the analysis, the equivalence between a NuSMV model and any of its mutants must be checked. To perform this task, this paper proposes a technique based on the concept of equivalent Kripke structures, as NuSMV models are Kripke structures. A number of experiments assess the fault‐detecting capability, precision and accuracy of the proposed approach. Analysis of variance is used to check if the results are statistically significant. Some relationships among mutation operators and model quality attributes are also established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an automation of the mutation analysis dedicated to model transformation
Authors: Aranega Vincent , Mottu Jean‐Marie , Etien Anne , Degueule Thomas , Baudry Benoit , Dekeyser Jean‐Luc 
Published: April 2014

SummaryA benefit of model‐driven engineering relies on the automatic generation of artefacts from high‐level models through intermediary levels using model transformations. In such a process, the input must be well designed, and the model transformations should be trustworthy. Because of the specificities of models and transformations, classical software test techniques have to be adapted. Among these techniques, mutation analysis has been ported, and a set of mutation operators has been defined. However, it currently requires considerable manual work and suffers from the test data set improvement activity. This activity is a difficult and time‐consuming job and reduces the benefits of the mutation analysis. This paper addresses the test data set improvement activity. Model transformation traceability in conjunction with a model of mutation operators and a dedicated algorithm allow to automatically or semi‐automatically produce improved test models. The approach is validated and illustrated in two case studies written in Kermeta.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute physical stress induces the alteration of the serotonin 1A receptor density in the hippocampus
Authors: Choi Jae Yong , Shin Sora , Lee Minkyung , Jeon Tae Joo , Seo Youngbeom , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Dong Goo , Yi Chi Hoon , Lee Kyochul , Choi Tae Hyun , Kang Jee Hae , Ryu Young Hoon 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTStress affects the serotonergic system, which is associated with depression. Previous research has showed that chronic stress causes the deactivation of the limbic system. However, the influence of the acute physical stress on the serotonergic system in vivo was primarily unclear. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the effects of the acute physical stress in vivo using PET. For quantification of the 5‐HT1A receptors in the brain, we measured [18F]Mefway uptake in the two experiment groups (control and despair rats). The despair group was subjected to the external stressful situation (i.e., forced swimming) and total duration time of immobility, refers to the despair severity, and was analyzed. In the intercomparison experiment, the resulting PET images of [18F]Mefway in the despair rat displayed a significant reduction of radioactivity in the hippocampus (HP) compared with the control. The nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) refers to the ratio of the concentration of radioligand in the receptor‐rich region (i.e., HP) to the concentration of that in the receptor‐free region (i.e., cerebellum). The hippocampal uptake and the BPND in the despair group were respectively about 25 and 18% lower than those of the control group. The ratio of specific binding to nonspecific binding in the despair group was 18% lower than that of the control. In the intracomparison experiments, the BPND and immobility in the despair group showed a strong negative correlation. Taken together, the data illustrates that an acute physical stress induces the change in the serotonergic system that correlates with the behavioral despair. Synapse 68:363–368, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.