bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Cecal duplication cyst and Meckel’s diverticulum presenting as intestinal obstruction: A rare case report
Authors: Dev Santosh , Yadav Alisha , Chaudhary Bikash , dev Barsha , Janugade Harshwardhan Dilip , Khadka Laxman , Koirala Dinesh Prasad 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and importance:
Enteric duplication cyst (EDC) is a rare congenital anomaly with incidence of 1 in 4500 live birth. Meckel’s Diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The coexistence of EDC and MD in same patient is extremely rare. Presentation of EDC depends on it’s location, may present with dysphagia, respiratory distress, abdominal pain, abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction. However, MD remains asymptomatic in most of the cases.

Case presentation:
We present a case of 11month boy, presenting with fever, vomiting, and abdominal distension for four days and decreased frequency of defecation with fowl smelling stool, not mixed with blood. All the systemic examination findings were regular except soft and generalized distension of abdomen. CECT scan of abdomen showed features suggestive of EDC versus mesenteric cyst. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with ileocecal resection, ileocolic anastomosis and appendectomy. Meckel’s diverticulum was discovered incidentally at distal ileum, and was left intact. The patient was discharged in stable state.

Clinical discussion:
EDCs can occur anywhere in the GI tract, most frequently in small intestine and least often in cecum. MD is true diverticulum of small intestine. This case report discusses a rare occurrence of a pediatric patient having both an EDC and MD, emphasizing diagnostic and management challenges in such unique cases.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware about simultaneous occurrence of EDC and MD in pediatric population who may present as intestinal obstruction.
Identification of features of fear of progression in people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment: an international modified Delphi study
Authors: Kolsteren Evie E.M. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Prins Judith B. , Davis Lucy , van der Lee Marije , Poort Hanneke , Servaes Petra , Sharpe Louise , Lebel Sophie , Custers José A.E. ,   on behalf of the Delphi Study Participants
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The growing group of people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment faces psychosocial challenges, including fear of progression (FoP). This study aimed to identify features that characterize FoP in people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment.

Methods:
An exhaustive list of possible FoP characteristics was generated based on literature, patient-reported outcome measures on FCR and FoP, interview data, and clinical expertise. Members of the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) Special Interest Group FORwards with expertise in FoP in people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment were invited to score features in a 2-round modified Delphi study. Features were scored on a 5-point Likert scale indicating their importance as a feature of FoP and reached consensus to be included or excluded if more than two-thirds applied the same score. A list of agreed features of FoP was generated.

Results:
A total of 21 participants completed both Delphi rounds, including psychologists, researchers, nurses, and one psychiatrist. Of the 55 rated features, 31 features reached consensus to be features of FoP in advanced cancer, including items on fear, uncertainty, worry, loss, hopelessness, and interference with daily life.

Conclusions:
Reaching expert consensus is a critical first step in identifying features of FoP in people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment, highlighting uncertainty and fear of death as unique challenges. Identifying features of FoP in advanced cancer is essential to guide future psycho-oncological research and clinical practice to improve psychosocial guidance with FoP for the growing group of people with advanced cancer and systemic treatment.
Self-assessment and Modulation of Traction During Shoulder Dystocia Simulation Training
Authors: Allen Robert H. , Islam Rushnan , Sant’Anna Marhino Caio , Allen Edith Gurewitsch 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to determine diagnostic traction for shoulder dystocia and to assess whether applied traction is modifiable with force training.

Methods
We tethered a force-measuring fetal mannequin (PROMPT, Limbs & Things) within a simulated pelvis such that it would not deliver. We asked participants to apply traction to diagnose shoulder dystocia then stop. Blinded from participants’ view, we recorded the peak traction. We then asked them to apply what they perceived to be 20 lb (89 N) traction. Each participant estimated the traction s/he applied. The actual force applied was then revealed to the participants and another blinded sequence was performed. We then allowed participants to view actual force measurements in real time while they practiced getting to their diagnostic traction and to 20 lb (89 N); this was followed by another blinded sequence of traction applications and estimations. Median diagnostic traction and injury threshold values (20 lb [89 N]), and mean ratio of estimated to actual force applied were compared pretraining and posttraining, using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and t test. Rates of clinical shoulder dystocia and associated brachial plexus injury before and after the study period were compared using chi-square. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
One hundred participants demonstrated a range of diagnostic traction. For 23 participants, traction exceeded injury thresholds, but the average was lowered with training. Before training, participants underestimated their own applied traction by an average of 30%.

Conclusions
Subjective diagnosis of shoulder dystocia during simulation training varies widely and exceeds possible injury threshold for 22% of participants. Accuracy of self-assessment applied delivery traction improves significantly with force training as does clinical diagnosis of shoulder dystocia and decrease in brachial plexus injury incidence.
Acceptability of Long-Acting Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine in a Large, Urban, Ambulatory HIV Clinic
Authors: Luc Casey Morgan , Max Blake , Pérez Sarah , Herrera Kara , Huhn Gregory , Dworkin Mark S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Outside of randomized controlled trials, there are limited data regarding the acceptability of injectable long-acting cabotegravir + rilpivirine (LA-CAB+RPV) among persons living with HIV. To evaluate acceptability, we described participant-reported outcomes of LA-CAB+RPV among a population underrepresented in randomized controlled trials.

Setting:
Ruth M. Rothstein Core Center (CORE), large urban HIV clinic in Chicago, IL, USA.

Methods:
We interviewed persons living with HIV prescribed LA-CAB+RPV who receive primary care at CORE. Participant-reported outcome endpoints included treatment satisfaction, reasons for switching to LA-CAB+RPV, tolerability of injections, and unexpected effects of LA-CAB+RPV. Mean and standard deviations (mean ± SD) and proportions (%) are reported.

Results:
Among respondents (N = 150), 67% identified as non-Hispanic Black, 24% Hispanic, 56% male; the average age was 43 years (SD: 13.2), and 37% were ≥50 years old. Most respondents (93%) completed ≥3 injection appointments at the time of interview. The most common reasons for switching to LA-CAB+RPV were no longer wanting to take pills (89%) and trouble taking their pills daily (58%). Treatment satisfaction was high (6.7 ± 0.5 out of 7). Two-thirds (61%) reported an unexpected aspect of their life improved. Pain from injections was common (89%), with a mean pain score of 4.3 out of 10. Among those reporting pain, half (47%) reported that pain decreased after initial injection. Among participants reporting pain score >6 (n = 36), most (78%) reported no improvement since initial injection.

Conclusions:
We found high treatment satisfaction with LA-CAB+RPV in a diverse population. Participants reported moderate injection pain, which improved with time. Results suggest injectable LA-CAB+RPV will be met with acceptability across diverse participant populations.
Plastic Surgery and the Management of Surgical Infections
Authors: Lineaweaver William C. , Saad Mariam , Chaker Sara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plastic surgeons bring wide anatomic competence and reconstructive surgical capacities to the management of surgical infections. Their anatomical expertise allows them to definitively explore and treat acute infections. Reconstructive options allow for the eradication of chronic infections with salvage of the infected body part. Hand infections illustrate the plastic surgeon's anatomic approach to acute infections. The management of distal tibial osteomyelitis illustrates how plastic surgeons can introduce techniques developed for other body regions in the treatment of a chronic infection.
Neural and Inflammatory Interactions in Wound Healing
Authors: Zeng Junhao , Pan Yuyan , Chaker Sara C. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo , Lineaweaver William C. , Qi Fazhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The skin is an intricate network of both neurons and immunocytes, where emerging evidence has indicated that the regulation of neural-inflammatory processes may play a crucial role in mediating wound healing. Disease associated abnormal immunological dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy are implicated in the pathogenesis of wound healing impairment. However, the mechanisms through which neural-inflammatory interactions modulate wound healing remain ambiguous. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide novel insights to develop therapeutic devices, which could manipulate neural-inflammatory crosstalk to aid wound healing. This review aims to comprehensively illustrate the neural-inflammatory interactions during different stages of the repair process. Numerous mediators including neuropeptides secreted by the sensory and autonomic nerve fibers and cytokines produced by immunocytes play an essential part during the distinct phases of wound healing.
The Efficacy of Curcumin Application to Melanoma in Mice
Authors: Teng Liqun , Li Wei , Shi Yuedong , Qi Fazhi 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Melanoma is a skin tumor that poses a serious threat to human health. Our study explores the effectiveness and safety of curcumin in the treatment of melanoma based on animal models, and providing evidence-based medical evidence for curcumin in the treatment of malignant melanoma.

Methods
The study collected all randomized controlled trial data from the establishment of the database to October 2023 of curcumin for the treatment of melanoma in mice by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted and quality assessment of included studies was performed by using the SYRCLE (Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation) animal experiment bias risk assessment tool. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis.

Results
Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included in this study with a total of 185 mouse models, including 93 mice in the experimental group and 92 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the IC50 (inhibitory concentrations of 50%) in the experimental group is lower than that of the control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −4.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−7.30, −2.06), P < 0.01]; the tumor volume is significantly smaller than the control group [SMD = −3.10, 95% CI (−4.45, −1.75), P < 0.01]; the tumor weight is smaller than the control group [SMD = −3.01, 95% CI (−4.81, −1.21), P < 0.01]. However, there was no significant statistical difference in the apoptosis rate between the experimental group and the control group [SMD = 2.27, 95% CI (−1.39, 5.92), P < 0.01].

Conclusion
Based on animal models for meta-analysis, curcumin can inhibit the growth and proliferation of melanoma in mice. Melanoma may be an effective method for treating melanoma. However, this result still requires further in-depth research.
PET/CT Recognition of Costal Cartilage Infection After Breast Implant Surgery
Authors: Zhang Ru-fan , Shi Yue-dong , Zhang Yong , Yang Yan-wen , Qi Fa-Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Postoperative infection of breast implants can lead to implant removal and other complications. This study aimed to investigate the presence of costal cartilage infection following breast implant surgery and the diagnostic role of PET/CT in identifying this rare complication.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective study included 16 patients with persistent infections after breast implant removal surgery. Patients underwent PET/CT scans before surgery, and surgical plans were made based on PET/CT findings. Surgical procedures were guided by PET/CT, and specimens were collected for pathological examination and microbiological culture. Follow-up assessments were performed at 1, 3, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results
Among the 16 patients, 11 were diagnosed with costal cartilage infection, whereas 5 had subcutaneous soft tissue infections. PET/CT accurately identified costal cartilage infection in all cases and localized the infected costal cartilage in the majority of cases. Microbiological culture results showed various pathogens. All patients were cured with one or staged surgery.

Conclusion
Costal cartilage infection following breast implant surgery is a significant concern. PET/CT plays a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and localization of infected costal cartilage, aiding in appropriate surgical management. Patients should be closely monitored for the possibility of costal cartilage infection when experiencing persistent symptoms after breast implant surgery
The Impact of Postoperative Complications on Recovery of Health-Related Quality of Life and Functional Capacity After Pancreatectomy
Authors: Pecorelli Nicolò , Guarneri Giovanni , Di Salvo Francesca , Vallorani Alessia , Limongi Chiara , Corsi Gianluca , Gasparini Giulia , Abati Martina , Partelli Stefano , Crippa Stefano , Falconi Massimo 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the extent to which postoperative complications impact patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and survival after pancreatic surgery.

Background:
Pancreatectomy is frequently associated with severe postoperative morbidity, which can affect patient recovery. Few and conflicting data are available regarding the effect of post-pancreatectomy complications on patient-reported HRQoL.

Methods:
This is an observational cohort study including consecutive patients enrolled in a prospective clinical trial (NCT04431076) who underwent elective pancreatectomy (2020–2022). Before surgery and on postoperative days 15, 30, 90, and 180, patients completed the PROMIS-29 profile and Duke Activity Status Index questionnaires to assess their HRQoL and functional capacity. Mean differences in HRQoL scores were obtained using multivariable linear regression adjusting for preoperative scores and confounders.

Results:
Of 528 patients, 370 (70%) experienced morbidity within 90 days, and 154 (29%) had severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade >2). Delayed gastric emptying had the greatest impact on HRQoL, showing decreased mental health up to POD90 and physical health up to POD180 compared with uncomplicated patients. An inverse relationship between complication severity grade and HRQoL was evident for most domains, with Clavien-Dindo grade 3b to 4 patients showing worse HRQoL and functional capacity scores up to 6 months after surgery. In 235 pancreatic cancer patients, grade 3b and 4 complications were associated with reduced disease-specific survival (median 25 vs 41 mo, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing pancreatic resection, postoperative complications significantly impact all domains of patient quality of life with a dose–effect relationship between complication severity and impairment of HRQoL and functional capacity.
Predictors of Improvement after Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights from the Cognitive Training and Neuroplasticity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Trial
Authors: Qian Min , Motter Jeffrey , Deehan Emily , Graff Jamie , Adhikari Alisa , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Goldberg Terry E. , Devanand Devangere P. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Cognitive training may benefit older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the prognostic factors are not well-established.

Methods:
This study analyzed data from a 78-week trial with 107 participants with MCI, comparing computerized cognitive training (CCT) and computerized crossword puzzle training (CPT). Outcomes were changes in cognitive and functional measures from baseline. Linear mixed-effect models were used to identify prognostic factors for each intervention.

Results:
Baseline neuropsychological composite z-score was positively associated with cognitive and functional improvements for both interventions in univariable models, retaining significance in the final multivariable model for functional outcome in CPT (P < 0.001). Apolipoprotein E e4 carriers had worse cognitive (P = 0.023) and functional (P = 0.001) outcomes than noncarriers for CPT but not CCT. African Americans showed greater functional improvements than non-African Americans in both CPT (P = 0.001) and CCT (P = 0.010). Better baseline odor identification was correlated with cognitive improvements in CPT (P = 0.006) and functional improvements in CCT (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Baseline cognitive test performance, African American background, and odor identification ability are potential prognostic factors for improved outcomes with cognitive interventions in older adults with MCI. Apolipoprotein E e4 is associated with poor outcomes. Replication of these findings may improve the selection of cognitive interventions for individuals with MCI.
Recurrent connections facilitate occluded object recognition by explaining-away
Authors: Kang Byungwoo , Midler Benjamin , Chen Feng , Druckmann Shaul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of recurrent connections in the brain, their role in visual processing is less understood than that of feedforward connections. Occluded object recognition, an ethologically critical cognitive capacity, is thought to rely on recurrent processing of visual information, but it remains unclear whether and how recurrent processing improves recognition of occluded objects. Using convolutional models of the visual system, we demonstrate how a novel form of computation arises in recurrent–but not feedforward–networks that leverages information about the occluder to “explain-away” the occlusion. This occurs without any constraint placed on the computation and was found in both abstract networks used to sweep across architectures and a network explicitly constructed to model the primate visual system. Following these computational results, we performed a behavioral experiment to study explaining-away in humans, finding evidence consistent with explaining-away. Finally, to demonstrate a specific mechanism for explaining-away, we next developed an experimentally inspired recurrent model that was able to recover fine-grained features of occluded stimuli by explaining-away. Recurrent connections’ capability to explain away may extend to more general cases where undoing context-dependent changes in representations could benefit perception.
Use of a truffle dog provides insight into the ecology and abundant occurrence ofGenea(Pyronemataceae) in western Oregon, U.S.A
Authors: Dawson Hilary Rose , Dawson Heather A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHypogeous fungi (“truffles”) are challenging to study because they produce underground sporocarps that may not be found during traditional fungal surveys. Commercially valuable truffles are located using scent-detection dogs trained on truffles. However, the dogs are not necessarily limited to commercial truffle species when trained on other truffle taxa of interest. For example,Genea(Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) is a genus of common but difficult to find truffles that develops small and often soil-colored hypogeous ascomata (truffles).. We used a truffle dog trained to locateGeneatruffles in the southern Willamette Valley and associated mountains in western Oregon, U.S.A, recording when the sporocarps were present at a wide range of elevations (113 to 1879 m). We foundGeneawas present in half of our surveys, and noted that it rarely fruited in areas that had experienced wildfire. This study demonstrates the value of using truffle dogs in documenting truffle diversity, particularly those that are difficult to locate visually, and provides further evidence for the abundance ofGenea.
A plasma proteomic signature links secretome of senescent monocytes to aging- and obesity-related clinical outcomes in humans
Authors: Olinger Bradley , Banarjee Reema , Dey Amit , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Tanaka Toshiko , Ram Anjana , Nyunt Thedoe , Daya Gulzar , Peng Zhongsheng , Cui Linna , Candia Julián , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Gorospe Myriam , Walker Keenan A. , Ferrucci Luigi , Basisty Nathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellular senescence increases with age and contributes to age-related declines and pathologies. We identified circulating biomarkers of senescence associated with diverse clinical traits in humans to facilitate future non-invasive assessment of individual senescence burden and efficacy testing of novel senotherapeutics. Using a novel nanoparticle-based proteomic workflow, we profiled the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in monocytes and examined these proteins in plasma samples (N = 1060) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Machine learning models trained on monocyte SASP associated with several age-related phenotypes in a test cohort, including body fat composition, blood lipids, inflammation, and mobility-related traits, among others. Notably, a subset of SASP-based predictions, including a ‘high impact’ SASP panel that predicts age- and obesity-related clinical traits, were validated in InCHIANTI, an independent aging cohort. These results demonstrate the clinical relevance of the circulating SASP and identify relevant biomarkers of senescence that could inform future clinical studies.