bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brugada Syndrome ECG Is Highly Prevalent in Schizophrenia
Authors: Blom Marieke T. , Cohen Dan , Seldenrijk Adrie , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Nijpels Giel , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Tan Hanno L. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
The causes of increased risk of sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia are not resolved. We aimed to establish (1) whether ECG markers of sudden cardiac death risk, in particular Brugada-ECG pattern, are more prevalent among patients with schizophrenia, and (2) whether increased prevalence of these ECG markers in schizophrenia is explained by confounding factors, notably sodium channel–blocking medication.

Methods and Results—

In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed ECGs of a cohort of 275 patients with schizophrenia, along with medication use. We determined whether Brugada-ECG was present and assessed standard ECG measures (heart rate, PQ-, QRS-, and QT-intervals). We compared the findings with nonschizophrenic individuals of comparable age (the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety [NESDA] cohort; N=179) and, to account for assumed increased aging rate in schizophrenia, with individuals 20 years older (Hoorn cohort; n=1168), using multivariate regression models. Brugada-ECG was significantly more prevalent in the schizophrenia cohort (11.6%) compared with NESDA controls (1.1%) or Hoorn controls (2.4%). Moreover, patients with schizophrenia had longer QT-intervals (410.9 versus 393.1 and 401.9 ms; both
P
<0.05), increased proportion of mild or severe QTc prolongation (13.1% and 5.8% versus 3.4% and 0.0% [NESDA], versus 5.1 and 2.8% [Hoorn]), and higher heart rates (80.8 versus 61.7 and 68.0 beats per minute; both
P
<0.05). The prevalence of Brugada-ECG was still increased (9.6%) when patients with schizophrenia without sodium channel–blocking medication were compared with either of the control cohorts.

Conclusions—
Brugada-ECG has increased prevalence among patients with schizophrenia. This association is not explained by the use of sodium channel–blocking medication.
New species of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella), (Acari, Oribatida, Phthiracaridae) from the Afrotropical Region
Authors: NIEDBAŁA WOJCIECH , STARÝ JOSEF 
Published: March 2014

Four new species of the subgenus Hoplophorella are desccribed and identified from the Afrotropical region: Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) curtisetosus sp. nov. from Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) distinctus sp. nov. from Ambohitantely Special Reserve of Madagascar, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) othneios sp. nov. from Ranomafana National Park of Masagascar, and Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stenos sp. nov. from Nguru and Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania. A comparison with the most closely related species of the subgenus Hoplophorella is also presented.
Systematic meta-analysis of outcomes associated with psychosis and co-morbid substance use
Authors: Large Matthew , Mullin Kate , Gupta Pal , Harris Anthony , Nielssen Olav 
Published: March 2014

Objective: To compare the symptoms and social function of patients with psychosis and current substance use to those with psychosis and no history of substance use. Method: The databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed publications in English that reported the characteristics of patients with psychotic illness who were current substance users and those who had never used substances. The searches yielded 22 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was used to compare four key outcome variables: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, depression and social function – and three secondary outcomes: violence, self-harm and hospital admissions. Results: Current substance-using patients were significantly younger than non-substance-using patients and were more likely to be male, but did not differ in age at onset of psychosis or in their level of education. Current substance users had higher ratings of positive symptoms and were more likely to have a history of violence. Older studies reported a stronger association between current substance use and positive symptoms than more recently published studies. Current substance users did not differ from non-users on measurements of negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, social function, self-harm, or the number of hospital admissions. Conclusion: Current substance users with psychosis may have more severe positive symptoms than patients who have never used substances, but this result should be interpreted with caution because of demographic differences between substance users and non-substance users.
Unemployment and psychosocial outcomes to age 30: A fixed-effects regression analysis
Authors: Fergusson David M , McLeod Geraldine F , Horwood L John 
Published: March 2014

Objective: We aimed to examine the associations between exposure to unemployment and psychosocial outcomes over the period from 16 to 30 years, using data from a well-studied birth cohort. Methods: Data were collected over the course of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children, born in Christchurch in 1977, who have been studied to age 30. Assessments of unemployment and psychosocial outcomes (mental health, substance abuse/dependence, criminal offending, adverse life events and life satisfaction) were obtained at ages 18, 21, 25 and 30. Results: Prior to adjustment, an increasing duration of unemployment was associated with significant increases in the risk of all psychosocial outcomes. These associations were adjusted for confounding using conditional, fixed-effects regression techniques. The analyses showed significant ( p < 0.05) or marginally significant ( p < 0.10) associations between the duration of unemployment and major depression ( p = 0.05), alcohol abuse/dependence ( p = 0.043), illicit substance abuse/dependence ( p = 0.017), property/violent offending ( p < 0.001), arrests/convictions ( p = 0.052), serious financial problems ( p = 0.007) and life satisfaction ( p = 0.092). To test for reverse causality, the fixed-effects regression models were extended to include lagged, time-dynamic variables representing the respondent’s psychosocial burden prior to the experience of unemployment. The findings suggested that the association between unemployment and psychosocial outcomes was likely to involve a causal process in which unemployment led to increased risks of adverse psychosocial outcomes. Effect sizes were estimated using attributable risk; exposure to unemployment accounted for between 4.2 and 14.0% (median 10.8%) of the risk of experiencing the significant psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that exposure to unemployment had small but pervasive effects on psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood.
Functional outcomes post-radial head arthroplasty: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Kaur Manraj Nirmal , MacDermid Joy C , Grewal Ruby R , Stratford Paul W , Woodhouse Linda J 
Published: March 2014

Background The present study was conducted to determine the quality and content of research on the functional outcomes and complications post-metal radial head arthroplasty (RHAP). Methods A comprehensive search of medical databases for studies reporting on functional outcomes of patients undergoing metallic RHAP was conducted. The Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale (SEQES) was used to evaluate quality of the studies. Results We identified 21 Sackett’s Level IV studies reporting on 391 radial heads. The mean duration of follow-up was 47.2 months and the mean (SD) age of patients was 48.4 years (6.9 years). The male to female ratio was found to be 1.05 : 1 and the dominant arm was involved in 54% of patients. When functional outcomes achieved post-RHAP were compared with normative scores, the comparison suggested that RHAP has good to excellent functional outcomes in short- to mid-term follow-up. The weighted mean (SD) Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 85.8 (4.1) (95% confidence interval 85.3 to 86.3). Incidences of implant removal (3.06%) and revision (2.22%) were found to be low. Conclusions There is consistent low-quality evidence of positive functional outcomes following RHAP. The heterogeneity of type of implant, patient characteristics and outcome measures used, along with an inadequate reporting of study details, restrict any definitive conclusions being made.
Post-traumatic elbow rotational stiffness
Authors: Ling Samuel KK , Lui Tun Hing , Faan Yan Sui , Lui Paulina WY , Ngai Wai Kit 
Published: March 2014

Background The elbow is an important but complex structure, with movement in both the sagittal plane in flexion and extension, as well as the rotational plane in forearm supination and pronation. Trauma is a common cause of elbow stiffness, which significantly hampers daily function. There are currently no gold-standard management guidelines for post-traumatic elbow stiffness, and most of the published literature focuses solely on the sagittal plane of motion. Methods This is a retrospective case series reviewing all patients who underwent a surgical release for treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness during a 36-month period. Motion range and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were serially measured and analyzed. Results The results obtained showed that both the sagittal and rotational range of motion directly influenced upper limb function; however, the relationship between these two motion planes was weak, meaning that both sagittal and rotational motion in the elbow need be addressed individually. Post-traumatic elbow stiffness could be aptly managed by various surgical approaches, including arthroscopic-assisted procedures; these were all effective in increasing both the sagittal and rotational range of motion. More importantly, this gain in range translated to a statistically significant improvement in upper limb function. Conclusions Management of elbow stiffness needs to be tackled in both the sagittal and rotational motion planes.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Food Intake
Authors: Bodenlos Jamie S. , Schneider Kristin L. , Oleski Jessica , Gordon Katherine , Rothschild Anthony J. , Pagoto Sherry L. 
Published: March 2014

Background: Animal research suggests that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is associated with weight loss and decreased appetite. Results from human studies are mixed; some suggest that VNS affects weight whereas others do not, and it is unclear how VNS affects eating behaviors. Baseline body mass index (BMI) and VNS device settings may moderate the effects of VNS on caloric intake. This study investigates the association among BMI, VNS device settings, and caloric intake of highly palatable foods during VNS on versus VNS off sessions in 16 adult patients (62.5% female; BMI mean = 29.11 ± 6.65) using VNS therapy for either epilepsy or depression. Method: Participants attended 2 experimental sessions (VNS on versus off) where they were presented with 4 preferred snack foods totaling 1600 calories. At the start of the session, they either had their VNS devices turned off or left on. Caloric intake was calculated by weighing foods before and after each session. BMI category (overweight/obese and lean) was the between group factor in the analysis. Results: After controlling for covariates, an interaction of condition and BMI category ( P = .03) was found. There was an interaction of condition and device output current ( P = .05) and a trend toward an interaction of condition and device on time ( P = .07). Conclusions: Excess weight may impact how neurobiological signals from the vagus nerve affect appetite and eating. Future research is needed to further elucidate this relationship.
Therapeutic options targeting angiogenesis in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Crinò Lucio , Metro Giulio 
Published: March 2014

There is a major unmet medical need for effective and well-tolerated treatment options for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in both first-line and relapsed/refractory settings. Experimental evidence has validated signalling pathways that regulate tumour angiogenesis, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways, as valid anti-cancer drug targets. However, to date, bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) is the only antiangiogenic agent to be approved for the treatment of NSCLC. Many other agents, including antibodies, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and vascular disrupting agents, have been assessed in phase III trials but have generally failed to demonstrate clinically meaningful benefits. This lack of success probably reflects the redundancy of proangiogenic pathways and the molecular and clinical heterogeneity of NSCLC.In this review we summarise recently completed and ongoing randomised clinical trials of emerging antiangiogenic agents in patients with NSCLC. We highlight recent promising data with agents that simultaneously inhibit multiple proangiogenic pathways, including the PDGF and FGF pathways, as well as the VEGF pathway. Finally, we discuss the outlook for antiangiogenic agents in NSCLC, emphasising the need for clinically validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond to therapy.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Zoledronic Acid in Men With Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: Results of CALGB 90202 (Alliance)
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Halabi Susan , Ryan Charles J. , Hussain Arif , Vogelzang Nicholas , Stadler Walter , Hauke Ralph J. , Monk J. Paul , Saylor Philip , Bhoopalam Nirmala , Saad Fred , Sanford Ben , Kelly W. Kevin , Morris Michael , Small Eric J. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Zoledronic acid decreases the risk for skeletal-related events (SREs) in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases but its role earlier in the natural history of the disease is unknown. This phase III study evaluated the efficacy and safety of earlier treatment with zoledronic acid in men with castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Patients and Methods Men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer and bone metastases whose androgen-deprivation therapy was initiated within 6 months of study entry were randomly assigned in a blinded 1:1 ratio to receive zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously every 4 weeks) or a placebo. After their disease progressed to castration-resistant status, all patients received open-label treatment with zoledronic acid. The primary end point was time to first SRE, defined as radiation to bone, clinical fracture, spinal cord compression, surgery to bone, or death as a result of prostate cancer. Target accrual was 680 patients. Primary analysis was planned after 470 SREs. The study was discontinued prematurely (645 patients; 299 SREs) after the corporate supporter withdrew study drug supply. Results Early zoledronic acid was not associated with increased time to first SRE. The median time to first SRE was 31.9 months in the zoledronic acid group (95% CI, 24.2 to 40.3) and 29.8 months in the placebo group (95% CI, 25.3 to 37.2; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0 to 1.17; one-sided stratified log-rank P = .39). Overall survival was similar between the groups (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.12; P = .29). Rates of adverse events were similar between the groups. Conclusion In men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer and bone metastases, early treatment with zoledronic acid was not associated with lower risk for SREs.
Survival, Durable Tumor Remission, and Long-Term Safety in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Receiving Nivolumab
Authors: Topalian Suzanne L. , Sznol Mario , McDermott David F. , Kluger Harriet M. , Carvajal Richard D. , Sharfman William H. , Brahmer Julie R. , Lawrence Donald P. , Atkins Michael B. , Powderly John D. , Leming Philip D. , Lipson Evan J. , Puzanov Igor , Smith David C. , Taube Janis M. , Wigginton Jon M. , Kollia Georgia D. , Gupta Ashok , Pardoll Drew M. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells that downmodulates effector functions and limits the generation of immune memory. PD-1 blockade can mediate tumor regression in a substantial proportion of patients with melanoma, but it is not known whether this is associated with extended survival or maintenance of response after treatment is discontinued. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced melanoma (N = 107) enrolled between 2008 and 2012 received intravenous nivolumab in an outpatient setting every 2 weeks for up to 96 weeks and were observed for overall survival, long-term safety, and response duration after treatment discontinuation. Results Median overall survival in nivolumab-treated patients (62% with two to five prior systemic therapies) was 16.8 months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 62% and 43%, respectively. Among 33 patients with objective tumor regressions (31%), the Kaplan-Meier estimated median response duration was 2 years. Seventeen patients discontinued therapy for reasons other than disease progression, and 12 (71%) of 17 maintained responses off-therapy for at least 16 weeks (range, 16 to 56+ weeks). Objective response and toxicity rates were similar to those reported previously; in an extended analysis of all 306 patients treated on this trial (including those with other cancer types), exposure-adjusted toxicity rates were not cumulative. Conclusion Overall survival following nivolumab treatment in patients with advanced treatment–refractory melanoma compares favorably with that in literature studies of similar patient populations. Responses were durable and persisted after drug discontinuation. Long-term safety was acceptable. Ongoing randomized clinical trials will further assess the impact of nivolumab therapy on overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Impaired Proton Conductivity of Metal-Doped Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ikeda Yukino , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Takehira Hiroshi , Matsui Takeshi , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Murashima Yusuke , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Nakamura Masaaki , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Hayami Shinya 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Proton conductivity of graphene oxide (GO) has been reduced in graphene oxide–metal ion hybrids (GO–M; M = K+, Al3+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Pr3+, Ce3+, and Tb3+). As the hybrids contain doped metal ions, we propose their possibility as catalyst and electrodes in sensing devices.
Development of a Compact Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) at the Photon Factory
Authors: Takeichi Yasuo , Inami Nobuhito , Suga Hiroki , Ono Kanta , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report a compact scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) newly designed and developed at the Photon Factory. Piezo-driven linear stages are used for all of the coarse stages in the microscope to make the microscope compact, stable, and suitable for use at the endstations of multipurpose beamlines already in operation. Fully digitized control and detection electronics are implemented to realize efficient data acquisition. The performance of the STXM is demonstrated in both imaging and spectroscopic experiments.
Triblock Copolymer-controlled Crystallization of ZnO Nanorod-microspheres from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hirota Yuichiro , Elias Mohd Syafiq , Dwijaya Bram , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
ZnO microspheres were hydrothermally synthesized using triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a crystal growth modifier. The ZnO microspheres were composed of nanorods assemblies. The ZnO nanorods with a diameter of less than 100 nm were radially grown from the center in all directions. A possible growth mechanism is that ZnO seed species were stabilized in hydrophilic chains of Pluronic F127 micelles and that ZnO nanorods radially grew in the c direction from a center due to the effect of steric hindrance.
Size-dependent Catalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles for Aqueous-phase Reforming of Glycerol
Authors: Yamaguchi Wataru , Tai Yutaka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In order to establish a strategy for minimizing Pt usage in catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol, we studied turnover frequency (TOF) using a series of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts with different mean Pt diameters. It was found that TOF increases with decreasing Pt diameter, and the increase is drastically enhanced below a threshold diameter. This suggests that Pt utilization rapidly increases across the threshold because of the combined effect of the increase in the specific surface area and TOF of Pt.
Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 Spinel-type Catalyst Active for CO Oxidation under Practical Conditions
Authors: Taniguchi Masashi , Uenishi Mari , Tanaka Hirohisa , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Mg1−xCuxAl2O4 (x = 0–1.0) and Mg0.7M0.3Al2O4 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) spinel-type catalysts with high surface areas were prepared. While a Cu-free MgAl2O4 spinel-type oxide showed no catalytic activity for the CO–O2 reaction, the activity was significantly increased by the substitution of Mg (A-site) with Cu, and Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 showed the highest catalytic activity under the practical conditions. The catalytic activities of Mg0.7M0.3Al2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) much depended on the kinds of M, and Cu was the best substituent metal. The catalytic activity of Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 was much higher than those of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and LaMn0.6Cu0.4O3, which have been reported to be active for the CO–O2 reaction. The highest catalytic activity of Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 probably results from the easiest reducibility.
A Novel Crystalline Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material Having a Large Adsorption Capacity for Bulky Organic Molecules
Authors: Yamamoto Katsutoshi , Irisa Ami , Kawano Miki , Ikeda Takuji 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A novel crystalline organic–inorganic hybrid material KCS-2 was successfully synthesized using an organically bridged silane. KCS-2 seems to have a large micropore opening (ca. 10 Å) and a large adsorption capacity for benzene molecules. This material can be utilized as a host material that can stably incorporate functional organic molecules inside its micropores.
Effect of New Salts 2-((5-((L,3-Dimethyl-2,6-Dioxo-2,3-Dihydro-Lh-Purin-7(6h)-Yl)Methyl)-4-Phenyl-4h-L,2,4-Triazol-3-Yl)Thio) Acetate Acids on Blood Sugar in Rats in Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Панасенко  , Panasenko A. , Гоцуля  , Gotsulya A. , Пругло  , Pruglo E. , Кныш  , Knysh E. 
Published: March 2014

One of the most common endocrine disease in the world and, particularly, in Ukraine is diabetes mellitus. A particular problem in the treatment of this disease is complications. The drug therapy not always provides reduction of the risk of the development of micro and macroangiopathies, this is the major cause of high mortality.
The aim of this research was the pharmacological screening the hypoglycémie activity of first synthesized salts of 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-acetate acid.
Experimental researches were conducted on white nonlinear rats. The hypoglycémie effect of salts the 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate acid was estimated using intraperitoneal test of tolerance to glucose which is reproduced by animals load glucose in the dose of 2 g/kg body weight of rats. The glucose content in a blood was determined by the glucose oxidase method, using a meter «Accu Chek Active». Comparative preparation with a hypoglycémie action is selected a glyburide in a dose 5 mg/kg. It is found, that the compounds, which are studied and a comparative preparation differently changed a glucose level in rats&#180; blood. Significant hypoglycémie action had the calcium salt of 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate acid (GKP-240) acid: (GKP-240) on the 36,22% (p =0.004), 18,72% less active than the referent - glyburide (reduction in the level of glucose in 54,94%, p =6,6·10&#180;5).