bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing an In-Vehicle Monitoring Program: A Guide for the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry
Authors: Retzer Kyla , Tate Derek , Hill Ryan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Significant progress has been made globally in the upstream oil and gas industry in reducing the number and rate of fatalities related to land transport (hereafter referred to as "motor vehicle") related activities. However, motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death to oil and gas extraction workers in the United States.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed motor vehicle fatalities in the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry from 2003–2009 (Retzer, 2011). The study made three significant findings: 1) 74% of all motor vehicle-related fatalities occurred to workers employed by companies with less than 100 employees; 2) 30% of the fatalities occurred to employees with less than one year experience with their current employer; and 3) at least 38% were not wearing their seat belt at the time of the fatal crash.
Many large oil and gas extraction companies as well as companies in other industries have found that monitoring their drivers’ behaviors is an effective way to reduce the risk of motor vehicle crashes. As recognized by the OGP LTS RP 365, In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS) are electronic devices used to identify at-risk behavior as well as seatbelt use, providing data for targeted driver coaching. For large companies, the research, selection, implementation and management of an IVMS program is a daunting challenge; for a small business, it can be overwhelming.
Working with recognized industry leaders, NIOSH has developed tools to assist smaller oil and gas companies and others to reduce risk of motor vehicle fatality. One of these tools is a guidance document for IVMS use: "Implementing an In-Vehicle Monitoring Program: A Guide for the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry". The IVMS guide provides ‘best practice’ in how to: Select the system that best fits a company's needs.Successfully implement an in-vehicle monitoring program.Best utilize IVMS data to improve motor vehicle safety and reduce fatalities.
The purpose of this paper is to provide information about motor vehicle crashes, describe some benefits of IVMS, and introduce the IVMS guide developed by NIOSH and its partners for the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry.
Strengthening a Company's Fight Against Malaria Among Semi-immunes: Spouses on the Frontline
Authors: Okorocha Uche , Barbey Alex , Barnier Muriel , Stott Mary Louise 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A malaria prevention program developed by an oilfield services company in response to malaria fatalities among employees has proved to be very effective over the past decade. However, although there have been no recorded malaria fatalities among the semi-immune population, malaria rates have remained very high, inflicting a heavy burden on the families and having indirect consequences for the company.
To explore strategies for strengthening the effectiveness of the program among its semi-immune employees and their families who live and work at high-risk locations, the company conducted a survey in 2010 in four sub-Saharan African countries among the company's semi-immune employees and their spouses.
Although the locations surveyed are similar in their basic socioeconomic circumstances, significant cultural and behavioral differences were found to abound in the perception of the problem of malaria. The findings show how environmental factors affect the acceptability and eventual effectiveness of traditional insect bite prevention measures. Clear differences in the levels of awareness between employees and their spouses are also highlighted.
Based on the results of the survey, the company designed a semi-immune malaria prevention program in which the spouses not only actively participate but also share its ownership with the HSE function. Creativity is employed in making the program flexible and adaptable. The pilot program will be implemented at two of the surveyed locations over an initial two-year period.
Smooth E&P Activities in a Remote Area having Fragmented/hostile Communities Around - A Case Study Highlighting How an E&P Company Made it a Reality
Authors: Khan Murad Ali 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Description of the Paper
This paper shares the experiences and results that eni Pakistan had by adopting a ‘Community Investment Management System (CIMS)’ in a developing country- Pakistan. CIMS philosophy is to make ‘Community Relations’ and ‘Co mmunity Investment’ management an integral part of the overall business fabric. This system was evolved taking into consideration full E&P activities life cycle in context of indigenous culture, traditions, customs and environment of local communities living around.

Applications
CIMS utilizes the logic of project life cycle, highlighting the importance of stakeholders and company's risk assessment in ‘Context Analysis’ and adopts the ‘Logical Framework’ approach to plan, manage, monitor and evaluate the interventions.
eni Pakistan has done so by development of people & promoting the indigenous culture, establishing mutually benefitting relations with all stakeholders, fully respecting the territory and the society of which it is an integral part.

Results

Conclusion
Smooth running of E&P activities can be supported by adopting ‘CIMS’ process that can deliver same results anywhere in the world should applied with true spirit and commitment.
Safety Leadership: Lessons Learned from Developing and Delivering Content on Building the Safety Capacity of an Organization
Authors: Knode Tom , Wham Tony 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Individuals who possess a natural ability to inspire those around them, regardless of organizational authority, are rare. The soft skills needed to build that capability can be taught, thus enabling a person to become a more effective leader. The greater the individual's leadership skills, the greater the chances that the organization will demonstrate superior performance in safety, as well as other aspects, of their business. Lessons learned from a recent deployment of leadership training will be covered to provide guidance for those interested in the development of similar programs.
The leadership training content should include risk-management tools and a review of company requirements, as well as a discussion of what drives behavior. After the training material is developed, a carefully scripted message and strategy for deployment will help with organizational acceptance and follow-up.
Positive reinforcement of the desired discretionary behaviors must be a theme of the training. With this in mind, leaders can tailor their application of the training to the idiosyncrasies of their work and team. A review of the tools used to manage risk and measure performance is helpful in setting the stage. These tools may include job safety analysis (JSA) or equivalents, as well as hazard and behavior observation programs. The leaders can review the application of those tools, then set expectations for others by applying the Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences (ABC) model for motivation. After completing the course, follow-up over a period of time should be required to reinforce the application of the new techniques.
Before training is deployed, it is critical to establish the expectations with the leadership of the organization. Setting the tone in the communications and leading by example will reinforce the message that safety leadership is foundational to superior performance and to the achievement of an incident-free work place.
Culture Shift in Obesity Prevalence: Productivity Impact on Petrochemical Population
Authors: Bhojani Faiyaz A. , Tsai Shan P. , Donnelly Robin P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the consequence of shifting trends in obesity over 30 years on the loss of productivity of a population of petrochemical employees due to illness absence.
Methods: The obesity prevalence data were extracted from the Shell Health Surveillance System, which includes morbidity, mortality and physical examination data, including biometrics (height and weight). Absenteeism data were collected from the Shell People System, which includes employee attendance and absenteeism records. Productivity losses were calculated based on the differential workdays lost between obese and normal weight employees. Impact of productivity loss due to obesity on a variety of health conditions was calculated.
Results: Prevalence of obesity among Shell employees increased from 14% in 1982 to 42% in 2007. In 1982, lost productivity from obesity was estimated to be 8,520 days, but by 1992, work lost had surpassed 16,680 days. In 2007, work lost from obesity was almost 25,500 days; a 3 fold increase over 25 years. The direct loss of productivity in 1982, 1992 and 2007 was estimated to be USD 2,281,000, USD 4,270,000, and USD 6,513,000, respectively.
Conclusions: The productivity impact to employers due to obesity will continue to rise unless effective measures are taken in support of employees achieving and sustaining healthy weight. In the US population, Obesity has now replaced smoking as the number one driver for productivity losses due both work-related and personal injury and illness as well as reduced life expectancy. In addition, it is a key contributor to enhanced health care costs.
A focused and joint strategy between Health, Safety and Benefit (HR) professionals with business leadership is required to achieve a sustainable change in lifestyle changes, both at and outside of work. Such changes include, diet modifications and promotion of regular physical activity, involvement of personal physicians and family members, incentives for action and outcome as well as environmental changes in the workplace to minimize the future impact of the loss of productivity and improvement of health, safety and well being of staff.
Development of Environmentally Friendly Lost Circulation Materials for Riserless Drilling
Authors: Matsui Hitoshi , Daitoh Masaki , Yoshimura Koichi , Morita Nobuo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The recent scientific drilling operations have proved that wells as deep as 6000-ft. from ocean bottom can be safely drilled with small riserless drill ships. However, the problem is that theweight of the drilling fluid must beoccasionally increased from the sea water density to 9 ~ 11 -ppg. The problems encountered while using weighted polymer drilling fluids are wellbore instability, stuck pipe induced by lost circulation and insufficient cutting transport problems.
Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) have been widely used for medical operations, since the products left in human body dissolve with time. One of the properties desired for lost circulation materials is that the materials prevent lost circulation problems during application, while they disappear when they are disposed to ocean bottom duringriserlessdrilling. The lost circulation resistance tests are conducted using the standard API slot tester, mixing fibers, grains and powders, all made of PGAor PLA in a Xanthan Gum polymer drill-in fluid. Ratio of fibers, grains and powder is optimized to maximizethe lost circulation resistance for 0.04 and 0.12-inch slots. Then, the changes of particle size and fiber strength with time are measured. Cutting retention tests with the fibrous LCM are also performed to check the cutting retention capability when the circulation is ceased during the connection of drill pipes. The cutting fall rate is measured changing fiber concentration, pipe diameter and cutting volumes.
The results show that the capability of preventing lost circulation is maintained withina reasonable time. PGA and PLA lost circulation materials are applicable when the temperature is less than 60°C. The fibrous LCM can also have a capability of cutting retention so that the cutting fall rate is trivial even if the fluid circulation is stopped.
The conclusion shows that the PGA and PLA LCM are capable of sealing fractures for drilling low temperature wells up to 60°C and the fibrous PGA and PLA also help to transport cuttings from well bottom. The merit of PGA is the high strength during the first several hours and the merit of PLA is the pro-longed strength although its initial strength is low. The dissolution time is several days for PGA LCM while it is several weeks for PLA LCM. The strength and dissolution time can be adjusted by the grain sizes and mixture ratio of these two polymers.
This paper emphasizes that when the mud weight is increased, mixing lost circulation materials with enhancing cutting transport capability is important to conserve the mud volume since, for riserless drilling, the weighted mud is not circulated back to the mud pit.
A Resilience Programme: Enhancing Human Performance
Authors: Lillington Teri 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Resilience is the capacity to bounce back from adversity, and is characterised by flexible thinking and adaptive behaviour. All humans have some degree of resilience, and individual capacity for resilience can be learned and strengthened. Research shows that resilient employees perform better, are more productive, and are healthier and happier. Resilience training for employees is gaining momentum in the workplace. Shell's approach is focused on being practical and we have spent time on developing the design and delivery of resilience modules to Shell employees around the globe. This presentation will cover the methodology of the Shell resilience programme, and the evaluation of the programme to date, and what makes this programme innovative.
Remote Real-Time Industrial Hygiene Monitoring
Authors: Wilson Jaemie S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Technology is now available for real-time Industrial Hygiene monitoring of activities in locations such as offshore facilities, with viewing of the data remotely. The use of this technology can result in a more dynamic approach to hazard control, where the data being collected can be interpreted and control barriers altered in line with the results of monitoring. The data review can take place onshore by Industrial Hygiene specialists without the need to fly offshore. Encrypted data is transmitted via the internet for viewing onshore. No work on this application of real-time monitoring has been published previously. This innovative technology is being trailed by Shell in Australia in what is believed to be a world first.
Real-time personal monitoring equipment is available for monitoring of compounds such as VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), benzene, heat stress, radiation and dust. The application of this type of monitoring is extremely useful in a dynamic environment such as offshore exploration drilling or during commissioning of new offshore facilities. In these environments there is limited opportunity for specialist resources such as Industrial Hygienists to be present offshore as operationally, manning levels are at their maximum during these periods.
The use of real-time monitoring with remote review by Industrial Hygiene specialist makes it possible to monitor unique, uncommon, or unplanned maintenance tasks that would otherwise be very difficult to capture.
This paper will provide results and conclusions from the trial of this technology during the refit of an LNG Tanker in Singapore and will describe how this technology may be implemented in remote facilities such as Shell's Prelude FLNG facility. The paper will also discuss likely advances in this technology over the next few years.
Visible Management Commitment in the Drive for Cultural Change toward Safety
Authors: Matkin Darren B. , Scotti Davide 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Saipem has gained significant experience over the past five years through the development and implementation of its internally generated cultural change program. So far, 8,500 management personnel and senior supervisory levels were engaged in the organisations 1 ½ day Leadership in Health and Safety (LiHS) Workshops, delivered over 600 times across a staggering 38 countries.
LiHS has spread beyond the boundaries of management and impregnated into the workforce at every level, directly involving over 60% of the organisations 42,000 workforce by adopting a strategy of management empowerment and endorsement transferred throughout subsequent hierarchical levels. Increasingly, a change toward a positive culture of safety is emerging in the root of the everyday actions and decisions taken by employees at all levels within the organisation.
The development and implementation strategy of Saipem's LiHS program was centric to the critical need for highly visible Senior Management commitment to trigger and sustain a cultural change process.
The paper describes the role Saipem's Senior Management undertook, from a Board Room and CEO level to Project and Site Management, acting as catalysts through the key development, implementation stages, and continued highly-visible action toward sustaining the organisations long term focus for cultural change. Rarely before has such commitment in terms of financial and personal dedication been demonstrated in the pursuit of a workforce&apos;s Health and Safety by Senior Management
Also the critical role of management levels beyond that of the Board Room and Corporate Office's. Local company operating management levels succeeded in engaging their workforce through combining very vocal and visible high influence events with informal interaction.
Visible management commitment is fundamental to establishing an effective cultural change program toward safety.
Saipems Leadership in Health & Safety Program began in early 2006, when the CEO was catalyst for the research and development of a home-grown program to drive a step change in terms of safety performance. With Saipems safety performance being above the industry average at the time, it was still recognized that injuries at work were morally unacceptable, and an approach to drive management commitment and workforce engagement was critical.
Assessment for Lifting Loads above Live Process Plant and Lines - The Development of a Consequence-Based Methodology and Calculation Tool
Authors: Banner Bill , Pourcel Pascal , Brown Alan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Lifting above or close to live hydrocarbon process plant or pipelines has long been an emotive subject. Managing such lifting is a fundamental part of the safe operation of the concerned production facilities. Lifting above live plant or lines can be encountered during normal production operations and also simultaneous operations for construction and production or drilling and production activities. Much of the time, with good preparation and planning, such lifts can be performed during planned shutdowns, therefore removing the ‘live plant’ hazard. However there are occasions when shutting down and depressurizing the plant or lines close to or under the lift path is not always perceived as possible. Based on this, a need was identified for a means to allow personnel to perform an appropriate level of assessment to aid in the decision making process regarding whether or not to allow such lifts.
This paper presents the basis of a calculation tool developed to help determine whether or not a lift can be carried out over unprotected plant or lines in a consistent manner and which will give users confidence in the results generated.
The tool calculates the potential impact energies of a dropped load and subsequent damage based on a percentage of indentation to a pipe or vessel diameter. This is derived from inputs by the user in terms of load shape, mass and potential drop height. Thereafter, depending on the plant or line types selected, the tool will advise whether or not the lift can be considered as acceptable providing that other criteria have been complied with. Clearly the final decision as to whether to lift above live plant or lines will be made by a team of appropriately qualified personnel. The benefits to be derived from the introduction of this tool include reduced uncertainty over whether or not such lifting is feasible and it should also reduce the number of enforced shutdowns and restarts, especially for smaller, repetitive types of lifts.
Bioremediation of Synthetic Base Mud Cuttings; The Long Road to Acceptance for Onshore use in China
Authors: Getliff J. M. , Swartz F. R. , Trotter R. N. , Malachosky E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Use of a Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid (NADF) on the Chuandongbei (CDB) gas project wells will increase the rate of penetration (ROP) and decrease non productive time (NPT) and thus the overall development costs. The use of non aqueous fluids instead of water based drilling fluids (WBM) will however, require significant changes and improvements to the waste management practices previously used in the region which are not suitable for use with non aqueous drilling fluids. A non-aqueous drilling fluid based on a proprietary synthetic paraffin base fluid and a potassium acetate internal phase will be used to maximize the bioremediation potential of the drilling fluid and allow the use of an enhanced bioremediation process that combines the use of fertilizer, top soil and organic amendments to speed up the rate of degradation to produce a useful soil that is able to support plant growth that can be used for reclamation and landscaping of the drill site.
This paper provides a concise overview of the proof of concept studies that were carried out at the University of Tulsa (Phase I and II) and the subsequent refinements using locally sourced soils and organic amendments at the South Western Petroleum University in China (Phase III). The data show that the synthetic based drilling fluid can be successfully biodegraded in soil bio-piles composed of soil and organic amendments from the CDB operating area. The resultant product was successfully used as a plant growth medium.
Managing Societal Risk by Considering Simultaneous Operations Early in Project Development
Authors: Travis Rod 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
With the ever-increasing costs associated with major capital projects, there is significant pressure to achieve early production before the construction workforce has left the site to maximise return on capital expenditure. Indeed, with plants of increasing complexity, commissioning activities typically span several months during which period there will be many more personnel onsite than would be the case during normal operations.
Even after commissioning is long over, modifications such as debottlenecking, expansion and regulatory driven changes often require changes to be made to or near existing process units. Turnarounds of limited portions of the facility can place large numbers of individuals onsite. All these situations have historically occurred without shutting down the plant, resulting in potentially large numbers of personnel to be placed in close proximity to live equipment with subsequent impact on the onsite societal risk profile of the facility.
In this paper, we will discuss the impact of these situations on the (onsite) societal risk profile of facilities. We will discuss: what this may mean for facilities operating under regimes requiring societal risk to be managed within criteria and how to reasonably assess these situations;what are realistic criteria for these circumstances and how they should be applied; andImpact of various mitigation measures on the assessment and whether these are practicable in real terms.
The paper will demonstrate that early assessment of these situations will lead to facilities with greater flexibility for capital expansion and help raise awareness of the hazards and ensure that the facility manages the risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable.