bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Resveratrol‐Based Benzoselenophenes with an Enhanced Antioxidant and Chain Breaking Capacity.
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Panzella Lucia , Amorati Riccardo , Capperucci Antonella , Pizzo Elio , Napolitano Alessandra , Menichetti Stefano , d'Ischia Marco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel class of resveratrol derivatives is obtained in good yields by direct selenenylation of resveratrol with Se(0) and SO2Cl2 in dry THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Antiviral Terpenoids from the Cultured Perovskia atriplicifolia.
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhou Jun , Huang Chao‐Guan , Hu Qiu‐Fen , Huang Xiang‐Zhong , Wang Wei , Zhang Li‐Zhu , Li Gan‐Peng , Xia Fu‐Ting 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIsolation and structural elucidation of norperovskatone (I) and biperovskatone (II) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Homosecoiridoids from the Flower Buds of Lonicera japonica
Authors: Song Wei‐Xia , Guo Qing‐Lan , Yang Yong‐Chun , Shi Jian‐Gong 
Published: September 2015

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of loniaceticiridoside (I) and lonimalondialiridoside (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Taraxastane‐Type Triterpene Saponins Isolated from Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd.
Authors: Baecker Christian , Jenett‐Siems Kristina , Siems Karsten , Niedermeyer Timo H. J. , Wurster Martina , Bodtke Anja , Lindequist Ulrike 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo new taraxastane‐type triterpene saponins, named pittangretoside L (I) and C1 (II), are isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum angustifolium.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxygenated Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrrole‐4,5‐dione Derivatives from the Marine Mangrove‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Penicillium brocae MA‐231 and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Meng Ling‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Ming , Liu Yang , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: September 2015

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of pyranonigrin F (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 9,10‐syn—trans‐Decalin Skeleton via Semipinacol Rearrangement: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐syn‐Copalol and a Candelalide Analogue.
Authors: Li Zhongliang , Yang Dan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract(+)‐syn‐Copalol (I) and its analogue (II) are prepared from (+)‐sclareolide.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids from the Leaves of Sun Cured Tobacco and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity.
Authors: Yang Guang‐Yu , Miao Ming‐Ming , Wang Yun , Liu Chun‐Bo , Shen Qin‐Peng , Zhang Feng‐Mei , He Pei , Liu Zhi‐Hua , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Yang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrom the leaves of Yunnan local sun cured tobacco, two new flavonoids, 4′,6‐dihydroxy‐7,8‐dimethoxyisoflavone (I), and 8‐acetyl‐4′‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐6‐methylflavone (II), together with four known flavonoids are isolated and their structures determined by NMR spectroscopic studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Sugar Amino Acids: Synthetic Strategies and Applications as Glycomimetics and Peptidomimetics
Authors: Tian Guang‐Zong , Wang Xiao‐Li , Hu Jing , Wang Xue‐Bin , Guo Xiao‐Qiang , Yin Jian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReview: 39 refs.
Interstitial branch formation within the red nucleus by deep cerebellar nuclei‐derived commissural axons during target recognition
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Kaneyama Takeshi , Inamata Yasuyuki , Onodera Ryota , Shirasaki Ryuichi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTarget recognition by developing axons is one of the fundamental steps for establishing the proper pattern of neuronal connectivity during development. However, knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie this critical event is still limited. In this study, to examine how commissural axons in vertebrates recognize their targets after crossing the midline, we analyzed in detail the behavior of postcrossing commissural axons derived from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in the developing mouse cerebellum. For this, we employed a cell‐type‐specific genetic labeling approach to selectively visualize DCN axons during the time when these axons project to the red nucleus (RN), one of the well‐characterized targets of DCN axons. We found that, when DCN axons initially entered the RN at its caudal end, these axons continued to grow rostrally through the RN without showing noticeable morphological signs of axon branching. Interestingly, after a delay, DCN axons started forming interstitial branches from the portion of the axon shaft selectively within the RN. Because commissural axons acquire responsiveness to several guidance cues when they cross the midline, we further addressed whether midline crossing is a prerequisite for subsequent targeting by using a Robo3 knockdown strategy. We found that DCN axons were still capable of forming interstitial branches within the RN even in the absence of midline crossing. These results therefore suggest that the mechanism of RN recognition by DCN axons involves a delayed interstitial branching, and that these axons possess an intrinsic ability to respond to the target‐derived cues irrespective of midline crossing. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:999–1014, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic expression of transcription factor Brn3b during mouse cranial nerve development
Authors: Sajgo Szilard , Ali Seid , Popescu Octavian , Badea Tudor Constantin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDuring development, transcription factor combinatorial codes define a large variety of morphologically and physiologically distinct neurons. Such a combinatorial code has been proposed for the differentiation of projection neurons of the somatic and visceral components of cranial nerves. It is possible that individual neuronal cell types are not specified by unique transcription factors but rather emerge through the intersection of their expression domains. Brn3a, Brn3b, and Brn3c, in combination with each other and/or transcription factors of other families, can define subgroups of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), spiral and vestibular ganglia, inner ear and vestibular hair cell neurons in the vestibuloacoustic system, and groups of somatosensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. The present study investigates the expression and potential role of the Brn3b transcription factor in cranial nerves and associated nuclei of the brainstem. We report the dynamic expression of Brn3b in the somatosensory component of cranial nerves II, V, VII, and VIII and visceromotor nuclei of nerves VII, IX, and X as well as other brainstem nuclei during different stages of development into adult stage. We find that genetically identified Brn3bKO RGC axons show correct but delayed pathfinding during the early stages of embryonic development. However, loss of Brn3b does not affect the anatomy of the other cranial nerves normally expressing this transcription factor. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1033–1061, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marked differences in the number and type of synapses innervating the somata and primary dendrites of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, striatal cholinergic interneurons, and striatal spiny projection neurons in the rat
Authors: Sizemore Rachel J. , Zhang Rong , Lin Naili , Goddard Liping , Wastney Timothy , Parr‐Brownlie Louise C. , Reynolds John N.J. , Oorschot Dorothy E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTElucidating the link between cellular activity and goal‐directed behavior requires a fuller understanding of the mechanisms underlying burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and those that suppress activity during aversive or non‐rewarding events. We have characterized the afferent synaptic connections onto these neurons in the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), and compared these findings with cholinergic interneurons and spiny projection neurons in the striatum. We found that the average absolute number of synapses was three to three and one‐half times greater onto the somata of dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons than onto the somata of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc or dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons. A similar comparison between populations of dopamine neurons revealed a two times greater number of somatic synapses on VTA dopaminergic neurons than SNpc dopaminergic neurons. The percentage of symmetrical, presumably inhibitory, synaptic inputs on somata was significantly higher on spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons compared with SNpc dopaminergic neurons. Synaptic data on the primary dendrites yielded similar significant differences for the percentage of symmetrical synapses for VTA dopaminergic vs. striatal neurons. No differences in the absolute number or type of somatic synapses were evident for dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc of Wistar vs. Sprague‐Dawley rat strains. These data from identified neurons are pivotal for interpreting their electrophysiological responses to afferent activity and for generating realistic computer models of neuronal networks of striatal and midbrain dopaminergic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1062–1080, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Mapping of GABA‐Immunoreactive Neurons in the Buccal Ganglia of Nudipleura Molluscs
Authors: Gunaratne Charuni A. , Katz Paul S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPhylogenetic comparisons of neurotransmitter distribution are important for understanding the ground plan organization of nervous systems. This study describes the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐immunoreactive (GABA‐ir) neurons in the buccal ganglia of six sea slug species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Euthyneura, Nudipleura). In the nudibranch species,Hermissenda crassicornis, Tritonia diomedea, Tochuina tetraquetra, andDendronotus iris, the number of GABA‐ir neurons was highly consistent. Another nudibranch,Melibe leonina, however, contained approximately half the number of GABA‐ir neurons. This may relate to its loss of a radula and its unique feeding behavior. The GABA immunoreactivity in a sister group to the nudibranchs,Pleurobranchaea californica, differed drastically from that of the nudibranchs. Not only did it have significantly more GABA‐ir neurons but it also had a unique GABA distribution pattern. Furthermore, unlike the nudibranchs, thePleurobranchaeaGABA distribution was also different from that of other, more distantly related, euopisthobranch and panpulmonate snails and slugs. This suggests that thePleurobranchaeaGABA distribution may be a derived feature, unique to this lineage. The majority of GABA‐ir axons and neuropil in the Nudipleura were restricted to the buccal ganglia, commissures, and connectives. However, inTritoniaandPleurobranchaea, we detected a few GABA‐ir fibers in buccal nerves that innervate feeding muscles. Although the specific functions of the GABA‐ir neurons in the species in this study are not known, the innervation pattern suggests these neurons may play an integrative or regulatory role in bilaterally coordinated behaviors in the Nudipleura. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1181–1192, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth of PbI2 single crystal by the top seed vertical zone melting method
Authors: He Yi , Jin Yingrong , Chen Baojun , He Zhiyu , Wang Lan 
Published: September 2015

PbI2 is a type of syntectic compound, and its single crystal is one of the room temperature semiconductor nuclear radiation detector materials. A new method for the growth of the PbI2 single crystal is proposed in this article, which was named the top seed vertical zone melting method (TSVZMM), directly from the synthesis of polycrystal with analytically pure lead and iodine, by controlling the decomposition and stratification of the melt and the stoichiometry of the PbI2 crystal. Impurities in the crystal and the coagulating droplets of lead were eliminated during the PbI2 crystal growth process from the top to bottom by TSVZMM. The PbI2 single crystal was successfully grown with the size of Φ15 mm×15 mm, an infrared transmittance of more than 40%, a resistivity of 2×1012 Ω cm magnitude and stoichiometry close to its theoretical value.
Drivers of seedling survival in a temperate forest and their relative importance at three stages of succession
Authors: Yan Yan , Zhang Chunyu , Wang Yuxi , Zhao Xiuhai , von Gadow Klaus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNegative density dependence (NDD) and niche partitioning have been perceived as important mechanisms for the maintenance of species diversity. However, little is known about their relative contributions to seedling survival. We examined the effects of biotic and abiotic neighborhoods and the variations of biotic neighborhoods among species using survival data for 7503 seedlings belonging to 22 woody species over a period of 2 years in three different forest types, a half‐mature forest (HF), a mature forest (MF), and an old‐growth forest (OGF), each of these representing a specific successional stage in a temperate forest ecosystem in northeastern China. We found a convincing evidence for the existence ofNDDin temperate forest ecosystems. The biotic and abiotic variables affecting seedlings survival change with successional stage, seedling size, and age. The strength ofNDDfor the smaller (<20 cm in height) and younger seedlings (1–2 years) as well as all seedlings combined varies significantly among species. We found no evidence that a community compensatory trend (CCT) existed in our study area. The results of this study demonstrate that the relative importance ofNDDand habitat niche partitioning in driving seedling survival varies with seedling size and age and that the biotic and abiotic factors affecting seedlings survival change with successional stage.
On philosophical foundations of ecohydrology: the challenge of bridging natural and social science
Authors: Owusu George 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe introduction of a sustainable management of freshwater resources to biological and hydrological processes of ecohydrology research by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's International Hydrologic Programme and the Man and Biosphere Programme calls for multiple and overarching philosophical explanations in ecohydrology. This paper reviews philosophical theories underpinning research in natural sciences (hydrology and biology) and social sciences, with special emphasis on studying causes and effects of ecohydrological extremes such as water stress and drought. The ontology, epistemology and methodology of theories such as Empiricism, Realism and Structurations have been considered. Specifically, the application of the hypothetico‐deductive method of Empiricism was first reviewed in guiding empirical modelling of a river basin. Then, the Retroduction method of transcendental realism was also reviewed for the guidance of distributed models. Critical realism was reviewed as a philosophy of local knowledge identification of causes and effects of ecohydrological extremes. Finally, an ambitious attempt was made in proposing Anthony Giddens' concepts of resources and human agency to bridge the gap between the natural and the social science philosophies. This suggests that there can be a common grand theory for both the natural and the social sciences, and the latter can be used to validate the theoretical foundations of the former and vice versa. The study will be useful for post graduates students, especially PhD candidates, who are normally required to review and justify the philosophical foundations of their studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse superkiller‐2‐like helicase DDX60 is dispensable for type I IFN induction and immunity to multiple viruses
Authors: Goubau Delphine , van der Veen Annemarthe G. , Chakravarty Probir , Lin Rongtuan , Rogers Neil , Rehwinkel Jan , Deddouche Safia , Rosewell Ian , Hiscott John , Reis e Sousa Caetano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIFN‐α/β allow cells to fight virus infection by inducing the expression of many genes that encode effectors of antiviral defense. One of these, the Ski2‐like DExH‐box helicase DDX60, was recently implicated in resistance of human cells to hepatitis C virus, as well as in induction of IFN‐α/β by retinoic acid inducible gene 1‐like receptors (RLRs) that detect the presence of RNA viruses in a cell‐intrinsic manner. Here, we sought to investigate the role of DDX60 in IFN‐α/β induction and in resistance to virus infection. Analysis of fibroblasts and myeloid cells from Ddx60‐deficient mice revealed no impairment in IFN‐α/β production in response to RLR agonists, RNA viruses, or other stimuli. Moreover, overexpression of DDX60 did not potentiate IFN induction and DDX60 did not interact with RLRs or capture RLR agonists from virally infected cells. We also failed to identify any impairment in Ddx60‐deficient murine cells or mice in resistance to infection with influenza A virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, Sindbis virus, vaccinia virus, or herpes simplex virus‐1. These results put in question the reported role of DDX60 as a broad‐acting positive regulator of RLR responses and hint at the possibility that it may function as a restriction factor highly specific for a particular virus or class of viruses.
Hobit and human effector T‐cell differentiation: The beginning of a long journey
Authors: Braun Julian , Frentsch Marco , Thiel Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Besides growing plants, eating a lot, and drinking beer, Tolkien's Hobbits enjoy maintaining a quiet state. Regarding the latter, the name chosen for a recently discovered transcription factor seems to be unintentionally appropriate. The zinc finger protein ZNF683 was originally named “Hobit” for Homolog of Blimp‐1 in T cells. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Braga et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 2945–2958] demonstrate that in humans, Hobit is almost exclusively expressed in effector T cells, in particular in quiescent and long‐lived effector‐type CD8+ T cells. Hobit may initially appear as another “player” in the quest for transcription factors guiding T‐cell differentiation; the discoveries of T‐bet, Eomes, Blimp‐1, and others have significantly contributed to our understanding of how this process is tightly regulated. However, Hobit may be special—the currently available results suggest substantial differences in Hobit's regulatory functions between mice and humans, such as expression patterns and IFN‐γ regulation. And it may turn out that Hobit's function in human T cells is highly adapted to lifelong, periodic challenges with varying, physiological doses of pathogens. Thus, the new study about Hobit in human T cells may be the beginning of a long journey.
Evaluation of the structural damage of high‐rise reinforced concrete buildings using ambient vibrations recorded before and after damage
Authors: Uebayashi Hirotoshi , Nagano Masayuki , Hida Takenori , Tanuma Takehiko , Yasui Mitoshi , Sakai Shigeki 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEvaluation of the degrees of structural damage suffered by high‐rise residential buildings after being subjected to strong ground motions is extremely important to the development of life continuity planning for building residents. However, these evaluations cannot be based on strong‐motion records alone, because earthquake observation equipment is not installed in most such buildings in Japan. In this study, we propose simple equations for estimating the stiffness degradation rate and the peak inter‐story drift ratio (PIDR) by using ambient vibration records instead of strong‐motion records when high‐rise RC buildings are subjected to a severe earthquake. More specifically, we propose one equation that relates the square root of the stiffness degradation rate, which is the ratio of natural frequencies at the maximum response to the preliminary tremor response (elastic state), in strong‐motion records with the ratio of natural frequencies identified from ambient vibrations before and after damage was suffered. We also propose an equation that relates the PIDR with the stiffness degradation rate on the basis of the stiffness‐degrading bilinear restoring force characteristic derived from the strong‐motion records of 13 high‐rise buildings for the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu Earthquake (Mw 6.9) and the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake (Mw 9.0). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) continue to successfully produce eggs after exposure to high levels of 17α-ethinylestradiol
Authors: Bosker Thijs , Munkittrick Kelly R. , Lister Andrea , MacLatchy Deborah L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a potent estrogen used in birth-control pills. Previous laboratory and field studies have shown negative impacts in a variety of fish species after exposure to low levels of EE2, most notably a nearly complete shutdown of egg production. The present study demonstrates that mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a small-bodied estuarine species, is able to continue to produce eggs after exposure for 28 d to 100 ng of EE2/L. No effect of EE2 on egg production was observed, whereas a &gt;35-fold increase in vitellogenin (vtg 1) gene expression in males was found. The lack of response in egg production in fish exposed to high levels of EE2 warrants further investigations on species-specific responses to estrogens and endocrine disruptors in general. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1107–1112. © 2015 SETAC
Effects of trophic exposure to diclofenac and dexamethasone on hematological parameters and immune response in freshwater fish
Authors: Ribas João Luiz Coelho , Zampronio Aleksander R. , Silva de Assis Helena C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diclofenac and dexamethasone on hematological parameters and immune response in the fish species Hoplias malabaricus after trophic exposure. Fish were fed twice every week with Astyanax sp., which were given an intraperitoneal inoculation with diclofenac (0 μg/kg, 0.2 μg/kg, 2.0 μg/kg, or 20.0 μg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.03 μg/kg, 0.3 μg/kg, or 3.0 μg/kg). After 12 doses, the hematological parameters and lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by head kidney monocytic lineage were evaluated. Exposed fish also received 1 mg/kg of carrageenan intraperitoneal, and cell migration to the peritoneal cavity was evaluated after 4 h. Diclofenac and dexamethasone altered the red blood cell count, as well as hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. The total blood leukocyte count decreased in all groups. A significantly reduced carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity, particularly of polymorphonuclear cells, was observed at all tested doses, suggesting a possible immunosuppressive effect. The basal nitric oxide synthesis of head kidney cell cultures was reduced at the highest dose of diclofenac and was increased at the highest dose of dexamethasone. The lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production was reduced in all treatments, thus corroborating the immunosuppressive effect. Although some fish responses were variable for different drugs, the results suggested that trophic exposure to diclofenac and dexamethasone can lead to hematological changes and immunotoxic effects, causing negative impacts in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:975–982. © 2015 SETAC