bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout: Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of TARGET 1® for professional fatigue syndrome (burnout)
Authors: Jacquet Alain , Grolleau Adeline , Jove Jérémy , Lassalle Régis , Moore Nicholas 
Published: December 2014

Objective To study the effect of a dietary supplement (TARGET 1®: a combination of casozepine, taurine, Eleutherococcus senticosus and extramel) on burnout symptomatology. Methods A 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in workers engaged in professional contact with patients, students or clients. All were affected by burnout syndrome based on a score of ≥4 on the Burnout Measure Scale (BMS-10). The primary outcome measure was the change in the BMS-10 score; secondary outcome measures included the change in the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory scale-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) score and the Beck Depression Inventory. Five scores were evaluated. Results Eighty-seven participants were enrolled in the study: 44 received the active formulation (verum group); 43 received placebo. After 12 weeks’ supplementation, the placebo group showed significant improvements in scores for BMS-10, MBI-HSS fatigue and the Beck Depression Inventory, but MBI-HSS depersonalization and task management were not improved; the verum group showed significant improvements in all five scores. The verum group consistently showed significantly greater improvements in scores than the placebo group. Conclusions TARGET 1® significantly improved the symptoms of burnout after 12 weeks’ use.
A Stereological Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of Cartilage Repair Tissue
Authors: Foldager Casper Bindzus , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Lind Martin , Spector Myron 
Published: December 2014

Objective To implement stereological principles to develop an easy applicable algorithm for unbiased and quantitative evaluation of cartilage repair. Design Design-unbiased sampling was performed by systematically sectioning the defect perpendicular to the joint surface in parallel planes providing 7 to 10 hematoxylin–eosin stained histological sections. Counting windows were systematically selected and converted into image files (40-50 per defect). The quantification was performed by two-step point counting: (1) calculation of defect volume and (2) quantitative analysis of tissue composition. Step 2 was performed by assigning each point to one of the following categories based on validated and easy distinguishable morphological characteristics: (1) hyaline cartilage (rounded cells in lacunae in hyaline matrix), (2) fibrocartilage (rounded cells in lacunae in fibrous matrix), (3) fibrous tissue (elongated cells in fibrous tissue), (4) bone, (5) scaffold material, and (6) others. The ability to discriminate between the tissue types was determined using conventional or polarized light microscopy, and the interobserver variability was evaluated. Results We describe the application of the stereological method. In the example, we assessed the defect repair tissue volume to be 4.4 mm3 (CE = 0.01). The tissue fractions were subsequently evaluated. Polarized light illumination of the slides improved discrimination between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage and increased the interobserver agreement compared with conventional transmitted light. Conclusion We have applied a design-unbiased method for quantitative evaluation of cartilage repair, and we propose this algorithm as a natural supplement to existing descriptive semiquantitative scoring systems. We also propose that polarized light is effective for discrimination between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage.
Influence of angiotensin II receptor blocker combination tablet prescription on drug number and cost
Authors: Teramachi Hitomi , Takahashi Tatsuya , Tachi Tomoya , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Ino Yoko , Mizui Takashi , Goto Chitoshi , Tsuchiya Teruo 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Combination therapy using an angiotensin II receptor blocker is expected to promote medication adherence and alleviate economic burden among patients by reducing the number of drugs taken, and thereby to lower associated medical costs. In the present retrospective study, we conducted a survey on the use of angiotensin II receptor blocker–containing combination tablets as anti-hypertensive drugs, in particular angiotensin II receptor blocker/diuretic and angiotensin II receptor blocker/calcium channel blocker combinations, in order to investigate the number of prescribed drugs and drug cost. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who visited the outpatient clinic of GifuMunicipalHospital and received anti-hypertensive agents between June 2006 and December 2011. Results: No reductions in the number of prescribed drugs or drug cost were seen following a change in prescription to an angiotensin II receptor blocker/diuretic. Patients receiving an angiotensin II receptor blocker/calcium channel blocker had a significant reduction in the number of prescribed drugs and a slight decrease in drug cost. Conclusion: In this study, a reduction in the number of prescribed drugs and a decrease in economic burden were not observed after prescription of angiotensin II receptor blocker–containing combination tablets. In order to assess the usefulness of angiotensin II receptor blocker combination tablets, further studies are necessary to investigate their hypotensive effects, safety profile, and other factors.
Expression of executioner procaspases and their activation by a procaspase-activating compound in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Patel Viralkumar , Balakrishnan Kumudha , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G. , Gandhi Varsha 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Pharmacologic activation of executioner procaspases by B-PAC-1 in CLL bypasses antiapoptotic mechanisms and induces apoptosis. B-PAC-1 activates apoptosis by abrogating the zinc ion-dependent inhibition of executioner procaspase activation.
Identification of CD34+ and CD34− leukemia-initiating cells in MLL-rearranged human acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Aoki Yuki , Watanabe Takashi , Saito Yoriko , Kuroki Yoko , Hijikata Atsushi , Takagi Masatoshi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Eguchi Mariko , Eguchi-Ishimae Minenori , Kaneko Akiko , Ono Rintaro , Sato Kaori , Suzuki Nahoko , Fujiki Saera , Koh Katsuyoshi , Ishii Eiichi , Shultz Leonard D. , Ohara Osamu , Mizutani Shuki , Ishikawa Fumihiko 
Published: December 2014

Key PointsUsing an in vivo model for primary MLL-rearranged infant ALL, we identified phenotypically and functionally distinct LICs and HSCs. In MLL ALL patient samples, molecules differentially expressed between LICs and HSCs including CD9, CD32, and CD24 were identified.
Increased IgA production by B-cells in COPDvialung epithelial interleukin-6 and TACI pathways
Authors: Ladjemi Maha Zohra , Lecocq Marylène , Weynand Birgit , Bowen Holly , Gould Hannah J. , Van Snick Jacques , Detry Bruno , Pilette Charles 
Published: December 2014

Despite their relevance to mucosal defense, production of IgA and the function of lung B-cells remain unknown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We assessed IgA synthesis in the lungs of COPD (n=28) and control (n=21) patients, and regulation of B-cells co-cultured within vitro-reconstituted airway epithelium.In COPD lung tissue, synthesis of IgA1 was increased, which led to its accumulation in subepithelial areas.In vitro, the COPD bronchial epithelium imprinted normal human B-cells for increased production of IgA (mainly IgA1) and maturation into CD38+plasma cells. These effects were associated with upregulation of TACI (transmembrane activator and CAML interactor) and were observed under resting conditions, while being partly inhibited upon stimulation with cigarette smoke extract. Interleukin (IL)-6 and BAFF (B-cell activating factor)/APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) were upregulated in the COPD epithelium and lung tissue, respectively; the IgA-promoting effect of the COPD bronchial epithelium was inhibited by targeting IL-6 and, to a lower extent, by blocking TACI.These data show that in COPD, the bronchial epithelium imprints B-cells with signals promoting maturation into IgA-producing plasma cells through the action of two epithelial/B-cell axes, namely the IL-6/IL-6 receptor and BAFF-APRIL/TACI pathways, while cigarette smoke partly counteracts this IgA-promoting effect.
Diagnostic utility and accuracy of rapid on-site evaluation of bronchoscopic brushings
Authors: Steinfort Daniel P. , Leong Tracy L. , Laska Irena F. , Beaty Anne , Tsui Alpha , Irving Louis B. 
Published: December 2014

The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of rapid on-site examinations, performed on transbronchial brushings of peripheral pulmonary lesions, in determining final bronchoscopic diagnosis. In addition to determining if rapid on-site examination impacts procedural outcomes.A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions, which had been located by radial endobronchial ultrasound, was undertaken. Bronchoscopy was terminated if rapid on-site examination demonstrated diagnostic malignant material. Non-diagnostic rapid on-site examination resulted in further bronchoscopic sampling, including transbronchial lung biopsy and/or sampling from different locations.128 peripheral pulmonary lesions were located by endobronchial ultrasound in 118 patients. The final bronchoscopic diagnoses included nonsmall cell lung cancer (n=76), carcinoid (n=3), and metastatic malignancy (n=3). Procedure times were significantly shorter for procedures when rapid on-site examinations demonstrated malignancy compared to those where rapid on-site examination was non-diagnostic (19±8 minversus31±11 min, respectively; p<0.0001). In four procedures, initial negative rapid on-site examination results prompted redirection of sampling from alternate bronchial segments, resulting in positive diagnostic tissue being obtained. Positive and negative predictive value of rapid on-site examination for a malignant bronchoscopic diagnosis was 63 (97%) out of 65, and 43 (68%) out of 63, respectively.Rapid on-site examination of brushing specimens has a very high, positive, predictive value for bronchoscopic diagnosis of cancer and shortens the bronchoscopy procedure times. It has the potential to reduce complications, improve cost-effectiveness, and may improve diagnostic performancevialive feedback.
Use of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second quality criteria for determining a valid test
Authors: Hankinson John L. , Eschenbacher Bill , Townsend Mary , Stocks Janet , Quanjer Philip H. 
Published: December 2014

The 2005 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) spirometry guidelines define valid tests as having three acceptable blows and a repeatable forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The aim of this study was to determine how reviewer and computer-determined ATS/ERS quality could affect population reference values for FVC and FEV1.Spirometry results from 7777 normal subjects aged 8–80 years (NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) III) were assigned quality grades A to F for FVC and FEV1 by a computer and one reviewer (reviewer 1). Results from a subgroup of 1466 Caucasian adults (aged 19–80 years) were reviewed by two additional reviewers. Mean deviations from NHANES III predicted for FVC and FEV1 were examined by quality grade (A to F).Reviewer 1 rejected (D and F grade) 5.2% of the 7777 test sessions and the computer rejected ∼16%, primarily due to end-of-test (EOT) failures. Within the subgroup, the computer rejected 11.5% of the results and the three reviewers rejected 3.7–5.9%. Average FEV1 and FVC were minimally influenced by grades A to C allocated by reviewer 1.Quality assessment of individual blows including EOT assessments should primarily be used as an aid to good quality during testing rather than for subsequently disregarding data. Reconsideration of EOT criteria and its application, and improved grading standards and training in over-reading are required. Present EOT criteria results in the exclusion of too many subjects while having minimal impact on predicted values.
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: survival is influenced by the underlying cause
Authors: Nunes Hilario , Schubel Kirsten , Piver Diane , Magois Eline , Feuillet Séverine , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Carton Zohra , Tazi Abdellatif , Levy Pierre , Brillet Pierre-Yves , Nicholson Andrew G. , Kambouchner Marianne , Valeyre Dominique 
Published: December 2014

Idiopathic, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is most often associated with various clinical disorders, including connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). Emerging evidence also suggests that “idiopathic” NSIP may be the lung manifestation of undifferentiated CTD (UCTD). However, whether or not NSIP outcome is influenced by the underlying cause remains uncertain.This retrospective study included 127 biopsy-proven NSIP patients (65 women, mean±sdage 55±12 years). Survivals were estimated using a Kaplan–Meier curve and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were based on a Cox model.15 (11.8%) patients had cHP, 29 (22.8%) had CTD, 32 (25.2%) satisfied the Kinder criteria for UCTD and 51 (40.1%) had idiopathic NSIP. At the end of follow-up (mean±sd64±54 months), a difference in survival was observed between aetiological groups (p=0.002). Survival was better for UCTD than for idiopathic NSIP (p=0.020) and similar to that observed for CTD. cHP survival tended to be poorer than that of idiopathic NSIP (p=0.087) and was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.05–4.47; p=0.035).NSIP outcome is influenced by its cause. cHP exhibits the highest mortality. UCTD does not differ from CTD supporting the concept of autoimmune NSIP, with a prognosis that is better than that of idiopathic NSIP.
Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea
Authors: Moreno-Indias Isabel , Torres Marta , Montserrat Josep M. , Sanchez-Alcoholado Lidia , Cardona Fernando , Tinahones Francisco J. , Gozal David , Poroyko Valeryi A. , Navajas Daniel , Queipo-Ortuño Maria I. , Farré Ramon 
Published: December 2014

We assessed whether intermittent hypoxia, which emulates one of the hallmarks of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to altered faecal microbiome in a murine model.In vivopartial pressure of oxygen was measured in colonic faeces during intermittent hypoxia in four anesthetised mice. 10 mice were subjected to a pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (20 s at 5% O2and 40 s at room air for 6 h·day−1) for 6 weeks and 10 mice served as normoxic controls. Faecal samples were obtained and microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology.Intermittent hypoxia exposures translated into hypoxia/re-oxygenation patterns in the faeces proximal to the bowel epithelium (<200 μm). A significant effect of intermittent hypoxia on global microbial community structure was found. Intermittent hypoxia increased the α-diversity (Shannon index, p<0.05) and induced a change in the gut microbiota (ANOSIM analysis of β-diversity, p<0.05). Specifically, intermittent hypoxia-exposed mice showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a smaller abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla than controls.Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered as a result of intermittent hypoxia realistically mimicking OSA, suggesting the possibility that physiological interplays between host and gut microbiota could be deregulated in OSA.
Sustainable Management of Chemicals in Russia - Improving the Use of Chemicals and Minimizing the Danger for Nature and Human Beings
Authors: Тарасова  , Tarasova Natalya , Макарова  , Makarova A. , Аткиссон  , AtKisson Alan , Макаров  , Makarov S. 
Published: December 2014

In this article we have analyzed the system of chemicals management in Russia. We have
used the TSIS (“Trends &amp; Indicators, Systems, Innovation, Strategy”) method as a tool
for the analysis of the current state and for the elaboration of the concept of sustainable
management of chemicals in Russia. The analysis showed that sustainable management
of chemicals in Russia today might most effectively consist of:
• The creation of the legal framework, including legislative support for many existing best
practices;
• Involvement of chemicals businesses and the general public in the process of promoting
management, including creation of a culture of consumption and production of
sustainable chemicals;
• In addition to the state regulation, the implementation of business initiatives and the
tools of self-regulation for business.
We have found out that the organization of sustainable management of chemicals in
Russia will require changes in chemical production (including internalizing the expenses
now externalized to nature) and the consumption chains. The time to act is now, otherwise
the planned growth in the production and consumption of chemicals is very likely to lead
to catastrophic consequences both for the nature and for the human health. For the most
part, best practices in sustainable management of chemicals (practices that could have a
positive impact on the situation) are known in Russia. However, their effectiveness is low.
The situation reflects the absence of a Russian legal framework on chemicals safety, and
the current low motivation of business to adopt the best practices in the absence of clear
signals from the state that it should be so. In order to create the system of sustainable
management of chemicals, the state authorities should not only use the state regulation,
but also actively promote and develop business initiatives and involve the society.
Analysis of Particle Motion in Wall-Free Concentrated Vortexes in Relation to Flight Safety Problem
Authors: Вараксин  , Varaksin A. , Протасов  , Protasov M. 
Published: December 2014

The ingestion in aircraft engines is one of the actual problems related to the flight safety. One of possible reasons of ingestion
in the gas-air flow duct of compressor is a formation of vortex core under an air intake on a runway surface during engine
working on a stop. Calculations of the solid particles’ motion in wall-free concentrated vortexes, being the analogues of vortex
core have been made in this paper. The numerical results have allowed to find peculiarities of behavior for particles with
different inertia (different density and sizes) in vortexes of various intensity. Based on calculations and available experimental
data a dimensionless criterion had been supposed, which determines the particles’ behavior in concentrated vortex structures.
Estimations for maximal time of dynamic relaxation for particles involved in the air intake by vortex cores of different
intensities have been made with use of this criterion. The knowledge of particles’ dynamics in the vortex cores formed near
the air intake of aircraft engines is necessary to develop the methods to protect them from possible ingestion from the
runway to ensure the flight safety.
Explosion Hazard of Biogas Cloud Formed at Solid Waste Landfills
Authors: Мастрюков  , Mastryukov B. , Блинова  , Blinova A. 
Published: December 2014

Analysis of negative factors of solid waste (SW) landfills seldom includes explosion hazard of a biogas cloud formed by
degradation of organic part of waste. The article analyses dynamics of biogas generation depending on characteristics of
waste pre-sorting, gas-air cloud (GAC) distribution considering SW landfill lifetime, season and atmospheric stability class.
Deflagration explosion poses actual danger of buildings destruction and life loss in settlements adjacent to the landfill.
GAC explosion frequency rate is estimated 7,87 · 10–6 per year.
Determination of the Cascade Reservoir Operation for Optimal Firm-Energy Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: - Azmeri , K Iwan , - Hadihardaja , Legowo Sri 
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Indonesia today face a new paradigm in water management where aim to apply integrated water resources management has become unavoidable task in purpose of achieving greater level of effectiveness and efficiency. On of most interesting case study is the case of Citarum river, one of the most potential river for water supply in West Java, Indonesia. Alongside the river, Saguling, Cirata and Djuanda Reservoirs had been constructed in series/cascade. Saguling and Cirata reservoirs are particularly operated for hydroelectric power and Djuanda is multipurpose reservoir mainly operated for irrigation and contribute domestic water supply for Jakarta (capital city of Indonesia). Basically all reservoirs are relying on same resources, therefore this condition has considered addressing management and operational problem. Therefore, an approach toward new management and operation system are urgently required in order to achieve the effective and efficient output and to avoid conflicts of water used. This study aims to obtain energy production from Citarum Cascade Reservoir System using Genetic Algorithms optimization with the objective function to maximize firm-energy. Firm-energy is the minimum energy requirements must be available in a certain time period. Then, the result obtained by using the energy produced by GA is compared to the conventional searching technique of Non-Linier Programming (NLP). The GA derived operating curves reveal the higher energy and firm-energy than NLP model. Keywords: Genetic Algorithms, Citarum Cascade Reservoir, Firm-Energy, Electrical Energy
Response of Some Biochemical and Mineral Constituents of the Postharvest Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Influenced by Different Levels of Bavistin DF
Authors: Islam M. Khairul , Islam A. K.M. Rafiul , Sarkar M.A.R. , Hakim K.A. , Alam N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn investigation was carried out with the postharvest mangoes (viz., the Langra and the Khirshapat) treating with different levels of Bavistin DF solution (namely, 250, 500, and 750 PPM) for obtaining results on the biochemical and mineral content changes as well as storability of postharvest mango. The results of the experiments exhibited that only the single effect of varieties was found to be significant in most of the parameters studied. The Langra enriched a greater quantity of crude fiber, lipid, water-soluble protein, phosphorus, and potassium constituents over the Khirshapat. It is revealed that the expansion of mineral contents in the mango was intimately associated with ripening during storage. The results also noticed to be an increasing trend of lipid and protein content in mango pulp with the advance of storage period using Bavistin DF. Keywords: Postharvest mango; Biochemical constituents; mineral contents; Bavistin DF.