bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: quel avenir pour les relations professionnelles?
Authors: HAYTER Susan 
Published: April 2015

RésuméLa coordinatrice de ce numéro spécial replace les contributions ci‐après dans leur contexte. Les institutions des relations professionnelles, nées de l'hypothèse fondatrice de la législation du travail selon laquelle le rapport de forces entre travailleurs et employeurs est déséquilibré, sont affaiblies par la mutation des modalités du travail et de l'emploi. A cela s'ajoute l'apparition de nouvelles formes de représentation des travailleurs, pour constituer un défi sans précédent non seulement pour le syndicalisme, mais aussi pour les politiques et pour la recherche. Ce numéro spécial se veut une contribution au débat en cours sur les évolutions à venir.
Autour du Livre de Francis Maupain: L'OIT à l'épreuve de la mondialisation financière: peut‐on réguler sans contraindre? Introduction
Authors: LANGILLE Brian , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: April 2015

Les contributions rassemblées ici ont été présentées par leurs auteurs lors d'un atelier qui a eu lieu à Montréal en mai 2014, à l'occasion duquel ils étaient invités à commenter le livre publié par Francis Maupain en 2012: L'OIT à l'épreuve de la mondialisation financière: peut‐on réguler sans contraindre? Cet atelier se situait dans le cadre du Colloque international intitulé «Les nouvelles frontières de la citoyenneté au travail», organisé par le Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la mondialisation et le travail (CRIMT).Cet ouvrage porte sur une question qu'il est presque impossible à un juriste de ne pas se poser à l'approche d'une telle échéance: comment une organisation dont la structure, le mandat et les moyens ont été conçus il y a bientôt un siècle peut‐elle prétendre rester pertinente et efficace face à des réalités qui n'ont pratiquement plus rien de commun avec celles de ses origines?
Evaluation of palatal donor site haemostasis and wound healing after free gingival graft surgery
Authors: Keceli Huseyin Gencay , Aylikci Bahadir Ugur , Koseoglu Serhat , Dolgun Anil 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimEvaluating effectiveness of a medicinal plant extract (MPE) in achieving haemostasis and early wound healing at free gingival graft (FGG) donor site in a randomized controlled fashion.MethodsForty patients requiring FGG at lower anterior area were randomly assigned into two groups. FGG was performed to all patients and following graft procurement; wet gauze (WG) was applied alone (control: WG group) or with MPE (test: MPE + WG group) for haemostasis. Donor site working time, bleeding (BLE), colour match (CM), pain, epithelization (EP) and sensation loss (SL) were evaluated.ResultsThirty‐three participants completed a 6‐month period study. In the test group, primary BLE was shorter (p < 0.001) and fewer individuals showed secondary BLE during 3 days (p < 0.001). During the 6 days, pain scores were higher in WG patients (p < 0.05). Later on, no inter‐group difference was observed. EP was relatively faster (p < 0.001) and CM was slightly better (p < 0.05) in MPE + WG group.ConclusionMPE provided faster and continuous haemostasis that made a positive contribution to the early soft tissue healing to some extent but due to limitations; further trials are needed to demonstrate the efficiency of this material.
Investigation of C3S hydration by environmental scanning electron microscope
Authors: SAKALLI Y. , TRETTIN R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryTricalciumsilicate (C3S, Alite) is the major component of the Portland cement clinker, The hydration of the Alite is decisive for the properties of the resulting material due to the high content in cement. The mechanism of the hydration of C3S is very complicated and not yet fully understood. There are some models that describe the hydration of C3S in various ways. The Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) working in gaseous atmosphere enables high‐resolution dynamic observations of structure of materials, from micrometre to nanometre scale. This provides a new perspective in material research. ESEM significantly allows imaging of specimen in their natural state without the need for special preparation (coating, drying, etc.) that can alter the physical properties. This paper presents the results of our experimental studies of hydration of C3S using ESEM. The ESEM turned out to be an important extension of the conventional scanning microscopy. The purpose of these investigations is to gain insight of hydration mechanism to determine which hydration products are formed and to analyze if there are any differences in the composition of the hydration products.
Physical Activity of Fifth to Sixth Graders During School Hours According to School Race/Ethnicity: Suburban Cook County, Illinois
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Mason Maryann , Welch Sarah 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe compared moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and inactivity levels among fifth and sixth graders during school hours according to school‐level race/ethnicity and income attributes to inform school‐based obesity interventions in Illinois Suburban Cook County (SCC).METHODSFifth‐ and sixth‐grade students (N = 591) in 14 SCC public schools were asked to wear an accelerometer during school hours for 4 consecutive school days. School‐level race/ethnicity was assigned based on the majority (≥70%) race/ethnicity of the student population: white (N = 4), black (N = 2), Hispanic (N = 5), or “mixed” (N = 3). All minority schools (N = 7) fell within a low‐income category.RESULTSA total of 538 students (91%) had valid accelerometry data. Average MVPA time during school hours was 20 minutes/day for boys and 11 minutes/day for girls. Multilevel linear regression models showed that compared to peers in white schools, boys, and girls in Hispanic schools engaged in 14 and 10 minutes less MVPA, respectively (p < .01). Girls in black and Hispanic schools had greater inactivity time than girls in white schools (p < .01).CONCLUSIONSObjectively measured physical activity (PA) data support the need for school‐level PA interventions during school hours, particularly in predominantly Hispanic schools.
Role of S100A1 in hypoxia-induced inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes via TLR4/ROS/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Yu Jiangkun , Lu Yanyu , Li Yapeng , Xiao Lili , Xing Yu , Li Yanshen , Wu Leiming 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
S100A1 plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes. However, the role of S100A1 in hypoxia-induced inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes is still unknown.

Methods
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for the determination of inflammatory cytokines. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted to assess protein or mRNA expressions. Fluorogenic probe dihydroethidium (DHE) was used to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while Hoechst 33342 staining for apoptosis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for S100A1 was used to evaluate the role of S100A1.

Key findings
The levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokine including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in H9c2 cells were increased remarkably by hypoxia. However, IL-37 protein or mRNA levels were decreased significantly. Both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor Ethyl (6R)-6-[N-(2-Chloro-4fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (TAK-242) treatment or siRNA S100A1 downregulated TLR4 expression and inflammatory cytokine level and mRNA in H9c2 cells, as well as weakening ROS and phospho-p65 Nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels. Further, S100A1 treatment significantly reduced TNF-α protein or mRNA level whereas enhanced IL-37 protein or mRNA level, and could attenuate ROS and phospho-p65 NF-κB levels.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that S100A1 can regulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in H9C2 cells via TLR4/ROS/NF-κB pathway. These findings provide an interesting strategy for protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced inflammatory response.
Predator‐induced maternal stress and population demography in snowshoe hares: the more severe the risk, the longer the generational effect
Authors: Sheriff M. J. , McMahon E. K. , Krebs C. J. , Boonstra R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe risk of predation can cause strong antipredator behaviors and marked stress‐induced changes in physiology. In mothers, predator‐induced stress can reduce reproductive fitness and alter offspring phenotypes. Acting via these generational, maternal stress effects, predation risk may continue to influence the demography of prey populations even when the predators are no longer present. The 10‐year snowshoe hare cycle is the classic top‐down predator‐driven example in nature and is caused both by direct mortality and by indirect risk effects. During the decline phase, virtually, all hares die because they are killed and simultaneously hares exhibit pronounced stress effects caused by high predation risk. However, the rapidity of the decline phase varies among cycles. When the decline is extremely rapid, we expect that the risk experienced by hares is much greater than when the decline is prolonged. The enigma of these cycles is the low phase following the decline, when there is little or no population growth in spite of the absence of predators and ample food. Previously, we have shown that predator‐induced maternal stress decreases reproduction and compromises the offspring stress axis. Here, we examine how the severity of predation risk during six separate population declines is related to the length of the subsequent low phase. We show that the more severe the decline, as indicated by the greater rate of loss of hares, the longer the subsequent low phase. These results support the hypothesis that the greater the degree of risk, the longer the generational impact on population demography (the longer the low phase of the hare population). Our findings have broad applicability to conservation and management efforts; even when a stressor (predator, human disturbance) is removed or when exposure may be short term (drought, fire or translocation), the signature of the stressor may be evident over several future generations.
Propofol concentration to induce general anesthesia in children aged 3–11 years with the Kataria effect‐site model
Authors: Fuentes Ricardo , Cortínez Ignacio , Ibacache Mauricio , Concha Mario , Muñoz Hernán 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe propofol pharmacokinetic model derived by Kataria et al. was recently modified to perform effect‐site target‐controlled infusion (TCI). Effect‐site concentration (Ce) targets to induce general anesthesia with this model in children have not been described. The aim of this study was to identify propofol Ce targets associated with success rates of 50% (Ce50) and 95% (Ce95) among children 3–11 years of age.MethodsForty‐two children were assigned to one of seven groups of six patients each according to propofol target Ce. After fentanyl administration propofol TCI was started with an assigned Ce target. A successful response was defined as loss of eyelash reflex and bispectral index < 50, 45 s after reaching the assigned Ce. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate propofol Ce50 and Ce95.ResultsTwenty‐eight children had a successful response with the assigned propofol Ce. In these patients, a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (79–59, P < 0.0001) and in heart rate (95–83, P < 0.0001) was observed. Propofol Ce and age showed a statistically significant effect in the logistic regression model. The overall calculated propofol Ce50 and Ce95 were 3.8 μg·ml−1 (95% CI: 3.1–4.4 μg·ml−1) and 6.1 μg·ml−1 (95% CI: 4.6–7.6 μg·ml−1), respectively.ConclusionOur results identified useful propofol targets to be used with the Kataria effect‐site model to induce anesthesia in children between 3 and 11 years. The recommended targets should be reduced progressively with increasing age most probably due to PK model misspecifications.
Religion, Poverty, and Politics: Their Impact on Women's Reproductive Health Outcomes
Authors: Kimball Richard , Wissner Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to explore the relationship(s) between U.S. states of selected social determinants of health (SDH) and three women's reproductive health outcomes including abortion, teen births, and infant mortality rates (IMR).Design and SampleThe data from multiple population surveys were used to establish on a state‐by‐state basis, the interactions between selected SDH (religion, voting patterns, child poverty, and GINI) and their policy effects on three women's reproductive health outcomes (abortion, teen births, and IMRs) using publicly available national databases.MeasuresChild poverty rates and the GINI coefficient were analyzed. Religiosity information was obtained from the Pew Forum's surveys. Voting results were collected from the 2008 congressional and presidential races and were used as proxy measures for conservative‐ versus liberal‐leaning policies and policy makers.ResultsUsing multiple regression analysis, higher IMRs were associated with higher religiosity scores. Lower abortion rates were associated with voting conservatively and higher income inequality. Higher teen birth rates were associated with higher child poverty rates and voting conservatively.ConclusionsThis study shows that selected SDH may have substantial impacts on women's reproductive health outcomes at the state level. Significant inequalities exist between liberal and conservative states that affect women's health outcomes.
Perioperative Pharmacologic Management of Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Karambelkar Ameet , Kasekar Riyaj , Palevsky Paul M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of numerous medications used in the perioperative period are altered in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Clearance of drugs, or their metabolites, that are normally excreted by the kidney is markedly reduced in ESRD. In addition, patients with ESRD may also have alterations in gastrointestinal absorption, volume of distribution, protein binding, and metabolic clearance of pharmacologic agents. Finally, drug removal may be augmented during dialysis. All of these factors contribute to the need for dose adjustment of medications, including analgesics, anesthetics, neuromuscular blockers, and antimicrobial agents, which may be used in the perioperative management of the ESRD patient.
Evolutionary innovation and ecology in marine tetrapods from the Triassic to the Anthropocene
Authors: Kelley Neil P. , Pyenson Nicholas D. 
Published: April 2015

Similar shapes inhabit the sea
Over biological history, several different groups of vertebrate tetrapods have reinvaded the marine environment. Although these groups are widely distributed among reptiles, mammals, amphibians, and birds, the shapes they have evolved are remarkably similar. Kelley and Pyenson review the literature on marine vertebrate groups over time and describe the innovations that facilitated the evolution of these marine forms, the environmental conditions that selected for such convergence of form, and the threats they face from future environment change.

Science
, this issue
10.1126/science.aaa3716
Surveillance of Batai Virus in Bovines from Germany
Authors: Hofmann Miriam , Wiethölter Anke , Blaha Irena , Jöst Hanna , Heinemann Patrick , Lehmann Maria , Miller Thomas , Cadar Daniel , Yanase Tohru , Kley Nils , Eiden Martin , Groschup Martin , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
To estimate the veterinary importance of Batai virus (BATV), we investigated the presence of BATV-specific antibodies and BATV RNA in 548 bovines from southwest Germany, and we demonstrated that 3 cattle serum samples contained BATV-neutralizing antibodies, resulting in a seroprevalence of 0.55%. Thus, our results confirm local transmission and indicate cattle as potential hosts of BATV in southwest Germany.
Unanticipated Multiplex PCR-Based Identification of Polymicrobial Blood Culture Resulting in Earlier Isolation, Determination of Susceptibilities, and Optimization of Clinical Care
Authors: Timbrook Tristan , Boger M. Sean , Steed Lisa L. , Hurst John M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
We describe a case of polymicrobial bloodstream infection with six organisms identified by multiplex PCR that was initially thought to be a monomicrobial infection. Early recognition of specific Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal organisms and resistance elements allowed significantly more rapid optimization of therapy.
Rapid Detection of Emerging Pathogens and Loss of Microbial Diversity Associated with Severe Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Flight William G. , Smith Ann , Paisey Christopher , Marchesi Julian R. , Bull Matthew J. , Norville Phillip J. , Mutton Ken J. , Webb A. Kevin , Bright-Thomas Rowland J. , Jones Andrew M. , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is polymicrobial, but standard sputum microbiology does not account for the lung microbiome or detect changes in microbial diversity associated with disease. As a clinically applicable CF microbiome surveillance scheme, total sputum nucleic acids isolated by a standard high-throughput robotic method for accredited viral diagnosis were profiled for bacterial diversity using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) PCR. Conventional culture and RISA were performed on 200 paired sputum samples from 93 CF adults; pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was applied to 59 patients to systematically determine bacterial diversity. Compared to the microbiology data, RISA profiles clustered into two groups: the emerging nonfermenting Gram-negative organisms (eNFGN) and
Pseudomonas
groups. Patients who were culture positive for
Burkholderia
,
Achromobacter
,
Stenotrophomonas
, and
Ralstonia
clustered within the eNFGN group.
Pseudomonas
group RISA profiles were associated with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
culture-positive patients. Sequence analysis confirmed the abundance of eNFGN genera and
Pseudomonas
within these respective groups. Low bacterial diversity was associated with severe lung disease (
P
< 0.001) and the presence of
Burkholderia
(
P
< 0.001). An absence of
Streptococcus
(
P
< 0.05) occurred in individuals with lung function in the lowest quartile. In summary, nucleic acids isolated from CF sputum can serve as a single template for both molecular virology and bacteriology, with a RISA PCR rapidly detecting the presence of dominant eNFGN pathogens or
P. aeruginosa
missed by culture (11% of cases). We provide guidance for how this straightforward CF microbiota profiling scheme may be adopted by clinical laboratories.
EFTUD2 Is a Novel Innate Immune Regulator Restricting Hepatitis C Virus Infection through the RIG-I/MDA5 Pathway
Authors: Zhu Chuanlong , Xiao Fei , Hong Jian , Wang Kun , Liu Xiao , Cai Dachuan , Fusco Dahlene N. , Zhao Lei , Jeong Soung Won , Brisac Cynthia , Chusri Pattranuch , Schaefer Esperance A. , Zhao Hong , Peng Lee F. , Lin Wenyu , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain-containing protein 2 (EFTUD2) was identified as an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) host factor in our recent genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen. In this study, we sought to further determine EFTUD2's role in HCV infection and investigate the interaction between EFTUD2 and other regulators involved in HCV innate immune (RIG-I, MDA5, TBK1, and IRF3) and JAK-STAT1 pathways. We found that HCV infection decreased the expression of EFTUD2 and the viral RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 in HCV-infected Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 cells and in liver tissue from in HCV-infected patients, suggesting that HCV infection downregulated EFTUD2 expression to circumvent the innate immune response. EFTUD2 inhibited HCV infection by inducing expression of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) in Huh7 cells. However, its impact on HCV infection was absent in both RIG-I knockdown Huh7 cells and RIG-I-defective Huh7.5.1 cells, indicating that the antiviral effect of EFTUD2 is dependent on RIG-I. Furthermore, EFTUD2 upregulated the expression of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 to enhance the innate immune response by gene splicing. Functional experiments revealed that EFTUD2-induced expression of ISGs was mediated through interaction of the EFTUD2 downstream regulators RIG-I, MDA5, TBK1, and IRF3. Interestingly, the EFTUD2-induced antiviral effect was independent of the classical IFN-induced JAK-STAT pathway. Our data demonstrate that EFTUD2 restricts HCV infection mainly through an RIG-I/MDA5-mediated, JAK-STAT-independent pathway, thereby revealing the participation of EFTUD2 as a novel innate immune regulator and suggesting a potentially targetable antiviral pathway.

IMPORTANCE
Innate immunity is the first line defense against HCV and determines the outcome of HCV infection. Based on a recent high-throughput whole-genome siRNA library screen revealing a network of host factors mediating antiviral effects against HCV, we identified EFTUD2 as a novel innate immune regulator against HCV in the infectious HCV cell culture model and confirmed that its expression in HCV-infected liver tissue is inversely related to HCV infection. Furthermore, we determined that EFTUD2 exerts its antiviral activity mainly through governing its downstream regulators RIG-I and MDA5 by gene splicing to activate IRF3 and induce classical ISG expression independent of the JAT-STAT signaling pathway. This study broadens our understanding of the HCV innate immune response and provides a possible new antiviral strategy targeting this novel regulator of the innate response.