bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Clinical Implications of FAPI
Authors: Kiani Mahshid , Jokar Safura , Hassanzadeh Leila , Behnammanesh Hossein , Bavi Omid , Beiki Davood , Assadi Majid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a biomarker that is selectively overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in various types of tumoral tissues and some nonmalignant diseases, including fibrosis, arthritis, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. FAP plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment through facilitating proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. Recent studies reveal that FAP might be regarded as a promising target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. FAP-targeted imaging modalities, especially PET, have shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting FAP-expressing tumors. FAP-targeted imaging can potentially enhance tumor detection, staging, and monitoring of treatment response, and facilitate the development of personalized treatment strategies. This study provides a comprehensive view of FAP and its function in the pathophysiology of cancer and nonmalignant diseases. It also will discuss the characteristics of radiolabeled FAP inhibitors, particularly those based on small molecules, their recent clinical implications in imaging and therapy, and the associated clinical challenges with them. In addition, we present the results of imaging and biodistribution radiotracer 68Ga-FAPI-46 in patients with nonmalignant diseases, including interstitial lung disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and myocardial infarction, who were referred to our department. Our results show that cardiac FAP-targeted imaging can provide a novel potential biomarker for managing left ventricle remodeling. Moreover, this study has been organized and presented in a manner that offers a comprehensive overview of the current status and prospects of FAPI inhibitors in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Safe and Reliable Use of Supraclavicular Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Kadota Hideki , Imai Yoshie 
Published: July 2024

The supraclavicular flap is a regional flap in the supraclavicular area nourished by the transverse cervical or supraclavicular arteries. This flap gained popularity in the 2000s as it requires less surgical time than free flap reconstruction and has minimal donor-site morbidity. However, a high rate of postoperative complications has been reported. Moreover, there is ongoing debate regarding the indications and limitations of this flap. In this study, we confined the flap design to the supraclavicular fossa, considering flap vascularity and in an effort to minimize donor site morbidity. Between 2014 and 2023, we performed supraclavicular flap reconstruction in 3 cases of cervical skin defects and 1 case of a pharyngeal mucosal defect. The average defect and flap sizes were 7×3.9 cm and 11.5×4.4 cm, respectively. The lower border of the flap remained above the clavicle, and the lateral border did not exceed the acromioclavicular joint. When the flaps were transferred using the transposition method, the angle of transposition was limited to <90 degrees. When the VY advancement or turnover method was selected, we paid attention to the tension-free flap inset. We successfully reconstructed the defects without flap-related complications, and donor site scars were inconspicuous in all patients. In conclusion, we believe that confining the flap design to the supraclavicular fossa, limiting the indications of this flap to the reconstruction of medium-sized defects, and using tension-free flap insets are important for the successful application of this flap.
Electroconvulsive Therapy With Brain Cyst
Authors: Ahmad Bakir Azam , Martin Donel M. , Alduraywish Abdulrahman , Dokos Socrates , Loo Colleen K. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in treating severe depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, but how the presence of an anatomical anomaly affects the electrical pathways between the electrodes remains unclear. We investigate the difference in electric field (E-field) distribution during ECT in the brain of a patient with an arachnoid cyst relative to hypothetical condition where the cyst was not present.

Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head of a patient with a large left frontal cyst were segmented to construct a finite element model to study the E-field distribution during ECT. Five electrode configurations were investigated: right unilateral, left unilateral, bifrontal, and bitemporal and left anterior right temporal. The E-field distributions for all montages were compared with a hypothetical condition where brain tissue and electrical conductivity from the right frontal region was mirrored across the longitudinal fissure into the cyst.

Results
Differences in mean E-field and 90th percentile E-fields were mainly observed in brain regions closest to the cyst including the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. This trend was most pronounced in montages where the electrodes were closest to the cyst such as left unilateral and bitemporal.

Conclusion
The presence of a highly conductive cyst close to the ECT electrode tended to attract current into the cyst region, altering current pathways, with potential implications for therapeutic efficacy and safety. Placing electrodes farther away from the cyst is likely to minimize any effects on the E-field distribution and potentially clinical outcomes.
Genomic data reveals habitat partitioning in massivePoriteson Guam, Micronesia
Authors: Primov Karim D. , Burdick David R. , Lemer Sarah , Forsman Zac H. , Combosch David J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorals in marginal reef habitats generally exhibit less bleaching and associated mortality compared to nearby corals in more pristine reef environments. It is unclear, however, if these differences are due to environmental differences, including turbidity, or genomic differences between the coral hosts in these different environments. One particularly interesting case is in the coral genusPorites, which contains numerous morphologically similar massivePoritesspecies inhabiting a wide range of reef habitats, from turbid river deltas and stagnant back reefs to high-energy fore reefs. Here, we generate ddRAD data for 172Poritescorals from river delta and adjacent fore reef populations on Guam to assess the extent of genetic differentiation among massivePoritescorals in these two contrasting environments and throughout the island. Phylogenetic and population genomic analyses identify seven different clades of massivePorites, with the two largest clades predominantly inhabiting either river deltas and fore reefs, respectively. No population structure was detected in the two largest clades, andCladocopiumwas the dominant symbiont genus in all clades and environments. The perceived bleaching resilience of corals in marginal reef environments may therefore be attributed to interspecific differences between morphologically similar species, in addition to potentially mediating environmental differences. Marginal reef environments may therefore not provide a suitable refuge for many reef corals in a heating world, but instead host additional cryptic coral diversity.
Current substance use patterns and associated factors among Ghanaian adolescents in senior high school
Authors: Darko Rachael Asantewaa , Glozah Franklin N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubstance use poses a significant threat to adolescent health and well-being globally, with rising rates of concern in developing countries. Understanding the specific factors currently driving substance use among youth is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study examines current substance use patterns and their correlates among Ghanaian in-school adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a random sample of 425 SHS students in Accra. A standardised questionnaire was used to assess substance use patterns (types, frequency, age of initiation), peer and family influences, socio-demographic characteristics and potential substance dependence. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and a multiple logistic regression models identified predictors of use for specific substances. The mean age of participants was 17.1 years. Cigarettes were the most used substance, followed by shisha, marijuana, and alcohol. Male students, those living with relatives, and those with friends who drink alcohol were more likely to use alcohol. Students who worked while in school, or had family members who smoke, had an increased likelihood of cigarette use. Older students and those with friends who use shisha were more likely to use shisha. Interestingly, limited social media exposure and living with parents and siblings were associated with lower marijuana use. Additionally, the results showed a potential substance dependence in some students. This study highlights substance use patterns and influential factors among adolescents in urban Ghana. Findings emphasize the interaction of peer influence, family environment, and gender in shaping substance use behaviours. These insights can inform culturally sensitive interventions to promote adolescent health and resilience in Ghana, and potentially other developing contexts.
Gender Differences in the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Spirometry
Authors: Moffett Alexander T. , Halpern Scott D. , Weissman Gary E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWomen are more likely than men to report delays in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), though the etiology of these delays is unknown. We sought to test whether delays in COPD diagnosis persist after the performance of spirometry.MethodsWe used the Optum Labs Data Warehouse to identify patients 18 years of age and older without a prior diagnosis of COPD, with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of less than 0.7 on spirometry. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to compare the time to diagnosis after spirometry in men and women, adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC.ResultsThe probability of receiving a COPD diagnosis after the performance of spirometry was lower among women than men (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50 to 0.88)ConclusionIn this retrospective cohort study of patients with spirometric evidence of obstruction, the time to diagnosis of COPD was greater among women than men. While previous vignette-based studies have found that gender differences in the diagnosis of COPD resolve with the performance of spirometry, we found that gender differences persist after spirometry has been performed. Clinicians were less likely to diagnose COPD in women even when spirometry supported this diagnosis.
Impact of Ambient Artificial Intelligence Notes on Provider Burnout
Authors: Misurac Jason , Knake Lindsey A. , Blum James M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealthcare provider burnout is a critical issue with significant implications for individual well-being, patient care, and healthcare system efficiency. Addressing burnout is essential for improving both provider well-being and the quality of patient care. Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) offers a novel approach to mitigating burnout by reducing the documentation burden through advanced speech recognition and natural language processing technologies that summarize the patient encounter into a clinical note to be reviewed by clinicians.ObjectiveTo assess provider burnout and professional fulfilment associated with Ambient AI technology during a pilot study, assessed using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI).MethodsA pre-post observational study was conducted at University of Iowa Health Care with 38 volunteer physicians and advanced practice providers. Participants used a commercial ambient AI tool, over a 5-week trial in ambulatory environments. The AI tool transcribed patient-clinician conversations and generated preliminary clinical notes for review and entry into the electronic medical record. Burnout and professional fulfillment were assessed using the Stanford PFI at baseline and post-intervention.ResultsPre-test and post-test surveys were completed by 35/38 participants (92% survey completion rate). Results showed a significant reduction in burnout scores, with the median burnout score improving from 4.16 to 3.16 (p=0.005), with validated Stanford PFI cutoff for overall burnout 3.33. Burnout rates decreased from 69% to 43%. There was a notable improvement in interpersonal disengagement scores (3.6 vs. 2.5, p<0.001), although work exhaustion scores did not significantly change. Professional fulfillment showed a modest, non-significant increase (6.1 vs. 6.5, p=0.10).ConclusionsAmbient AI significantly reduces healthcare provider burnout and modestly enhances professional fulfillment. By alleviating documentation burdens, ambient AI improves operational efficiency and provider well-being. These findings suggest that broader implementation of ambient AI could be a strategic intervention to combat burnout in healthcare settings.
Migdal-type effect in the dark matter absorption process
Authors: Dzuba V. A. , Flambaum V. V. , Samsonov I. B. 
Published: July 2024

We propose a new mechanism of absorption of dark matter particles in atoms which resembles the Migdal effect of inelastic dark matter scattering. In this process, atoms may be ionized upon absorption of a scalar particle through the scalar-nucleon Yukawa-type interaction. The crucial difference from the inelastic dark matter scattering on atoms is that the total energy of the particle, including its rest mass mc2 term, is transferred to the electron. As a result, the emitted electron kinetic energy is about 6 orders in magnitude bigger than that in the dark matter scattering process. This absorption process allows one to probe dark matter particles with a relatively small mass, in the range from 1 to 100 keV, that cannot be detected in the scattering process. It is also possible to detect hypothetical scalar particles emitted from the Sun. We calculate absorption cross sections of this process in Na, Si, Ar, Ge, I, Xe, and Tl target atoms and extract limits on the scalar-nucleon interaction constant from null results of the XENONnT experiment.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Downward social comparison in explaining pro-environmental attitude-sustainable consumption behavior gap
Authors: Do Van Thi Hong , Do Long Thanh 
Published: July 2024

PurposeWhile consumers are increasingly concerned about the environment and commit themselves to environmental protection, they are still reluctant to act. This phenomenon, to date, has remained a puzzle and gained much attention from practitioners and researchers. As a contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon, this study aims to examine the role of downward social comparison as an explanation for the inconsistency of the relationships between two types of pro-environmental attitudes, namely attitudes toward the environment and attitudes toward sustainable consumption, and two sustainable consumption behaviors including electricity-saving behavior and unneeded consumption reduction.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical multiple regressions were employed to test the hypotheses with survey data from 381 consumers in a large city in a Southeast Asian country.FindingsThe regression results support our expectation that downward social comparison negatively moderates the relationships between the two attitude variables and the two sustainable consumption behaviors.Originality/valueOur findings provide some insights into the complexity of the attitude-behavior relationship and offer some practical recommendations for governments and policymakers in designing more effective behavioral interventions for the sustainability of human society.
Evaluation of an integrated mental health and substance use video-based prevention program for Filipino youth
Authors: Hechanova Ma Regina M. , Co Trixia Anne C. , Soliman Jayson , Guevara Ana Maria Isabel Castro , Tuliao Antover P. , Botor Nephtaly , Felipe Ma Veronica 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Drug prevention programs typically focus on providing information on the effects of drugs and developing refusal skills. However, there is evidence that adolescents use substances to cope with stress. As such, integrating mental health literacy is important in prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to test a video-based mental health and substance prevention program for Filipino youth.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a cluster randomized trial and mixed methods design with 623 Filipino adolescents from 12 to 18 years old. The program consisted of six sessions focusing on stress, adaptive coping, effects of substances and drug refusal skills. It uses short psychoeducation videos along with self-reflection, and discussions to increase learner engagement.

Findings
Results revealed a significant increase in knowledge and negative attitudes toward substance of participants in the intervention group compared to the control group. Those in the intervention group reported improved use of adaptive coping skills particularly cognitive reappraisal, social support, problem-solving and relaxation compared to the control group.

Originality/value
This study adds to the literature on prevention from under-represented and non-Western contexts such as the Philippines. This study highlights how technology-mediated and integrated mental health and substance use programs can be useful in countries with few resources for mental health.
“It’s expected that students want to get drunk. that needs to change”: alcohol abstainer and light drinking university student experiences
Authors: Hill Kimberley , Mansbridge Sarah , Watts Amy , Saravanja Ana 
Published: July 2024

PurposeAn increasing non-drinker population is developing, but much research focusses on alcohol misuse, rather than the experiences of those who abstain or consume little alcohol, particularly within student populations. This student co-constructed qualitative research aimed to understand alcohol abstainer and light drinking students’ university experiences and perceptions of university alcohol cultures, given recent trends in alcohol drinking behaviour.Design/methodology/approachTen UK undergraduate students (six males, four females; 21–26 years), five alcohol abstainers and five light alcohol drinkers (AUDIT-C), participated in semi-structured focus group interviews.FindingsThematic analysis of transcripts identified participants’ negative experiences of pre-university social pressures in navigating no or low alcohol drinking identities, which impacted university expectations. Participants perceived alcohol drinking cultures as remaining prevalent on university campuses and possibly used for profit and recruitment. Alcohol dominant university-sanctioned social events, alongside limited other provisions, impacted initial university transitions and belonging. However, students reported co-existing realities between such cultures and simultaneous peer acceptance of their no or low drinking status, finding similar others and long-term friendships not impacted. Due to this, student participants called for universities to take urgent action in changing pervasive university alcohol cultures, which they felt no longer aligned with changing student behaviours and perceptions.Originality/valueGuided by findings, we provide important implications for prevention work and future research, including the importance of social context interventions. We also highlight the value of student co-creation and external partnerships within such work.
Investigating pozzolanic glass waste's role in reinforcing ultra-high-performance concrete beams for enhanced sustainability
Authors: Neamat Sevar Dilkhaz , Haido James H. , Wardeh George 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study aims to address sustainability challenges in construction by exploring the structural performance and environmental benefits of incorporating pozzolanic waste glass (WG) into ultra-high-performance reinforced concrete (UHPRC) beams.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive evaluation of UHPRC beams was conducted, incorporating varying ratios (10%, 20% and 30%) of WG powder alongside a consistent 0.75% inclusion of basalt fiber. The investigation encompassed the entire UHPRC production process, including curing, casting and molding, while evaluating workability and physical properties. Furthermore, the environmental impact, particularly CO2 emissions associated with UHPRC mixture components, was also assessed. Type K thermocouples were employed to analyze temperature dynamics during fabrication, providing valuable insights.FindingsThe findings demonstrate positive implications for using pozzolanic WG as a cement substitute in UHPRC beams.Originality/valueThis research stands out for its unique focus on the combined effects of incorporating recycled pozzolanic glass waste on the structural performance and environmental footprint of UHPRC beams.
Digital financial inclusion and inclusive development in lower-middle-income countries: the enabling role of institutional quality
Authors: Ofosu-Mensah Ababio Josephine , Boachie Yiadom Eric , Ofori-Sasu Daniel , Sarpong–Kumankoma Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore how institutional quality links digital financial inclusion to inclusive development in lower-middle-income countries, considering heterogeneities.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses dynamic generalized method of moments to analyze a balanced panel data set of 48 lower-middle- income countries (LMICs) from 2004 to 2022, sourced from various databases. It assesses four variables and conducts checks for study robustness.

Findings
The study reveals a positive link between digital financial inclusion and inclusive development in LMICs, confirming theoretical predictions. Empirically, nations with quality institutions exhibit greater financial and developmental inclusion than those with weak institutions, emphasizing the substantial positive impact of institutional quality on the connection between digital financial inclusion and inclusive development in LMICs. For instance, the interaction effect reveals a substantial increase of 0.123 in inclusive development for every unit increase in digital financial inclusion in the presence of strong institutions. The findings provide robust empirical evidence that the presence of quality institutions is a key catalyst for the benefits of digital finance in inclusive development.

Originality/value
This study offers significant insights into digital financial inclusion and inclusive development in LMICs. It confirms a positive relationship between digital financial inclusion and inclusive development, highlighting the pivotal role of institutional quality in amplifying these benefits. Strong institutions benefit deprived individuals, families, communities and businesses, enabling full access to digital financial inclusion benefits. This facilitates engagement in development processes, aiding LMICs in achieving Sustainable Development Goals.