bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetotelluric study of the Remiremont-Epinal-Rambervillers zone of migrating seismicity, Vosges (France)
Authors: Bourlange Sylvain , Mekkawi Mahmoud , Conin Marianne , Schnegg Pierre-André 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe magnetotelluric method has been used to image the deep electrical structure of the Remiremont-Epinal-Rambervillers region in the French Vosges Massif, which has presented a significant seismic activity in the past decades. Several earthquakes of moderate magnitude (up to 5.1) occurred in this area with a systematic migration along a nearly N-S direction. Inversion of the magnetotelluric data reveals zones of high electrical conductivity. A large conductive body presents a significative spatial correlation with the region that was most recently affected by earthquakes. This conductive body is interpreted as a consequence of the presence of a fluid filled basement fault network in proximity to the zone affected by the last seismic crisis, where fluid pressure diffusion takes place for several years after the main shock and participates in maintaining a microseismic activity.
Incised valleys and tidal seaways: the example of the Miocene Uzès-Castillon basin, SE France
Authors: Reynaud Jean-Yves , Vennin Emmanuelle , Parize Olivier , Rubino Jean-Loup , Bourdillon Chantal 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Miocene deposits of the Uzès-Castillon basin are revisited. This basin, located in SE France at the junction between the perialpine foreland basin and the W Mediterranean margin, sits in a syncline that formed during the latest Cretaceous Pyrenean tectonic phase. It records the succession of shallow-water mixed siliciclastic to dominantly bioclastic carbonates that alternate with shelf marls. The clastic carbonates were accumulated as a stack of subtidal dunes and bars that were formed by tidal currents channelized in a seaway following the syncline axis. The marls indicate deposition in more protected and locally deeper waters, as interfluves of the sea-way were drowned. Borehole data suggest that the marls are encased over tens of meters in the underlying bioclastic deposits, thus pointing to incised-valley fills. Contrarily to what is observed in the main Rhodanian basin, the molassic deposits are not restricted to transgressive systems tracts but may also correspond to forced regressive systems tracts. Four depositional sequences are identified, ranging from the Lower Burdigalian to the Langhian. They constitute a transgressive-regressive sequence set which might express the uplift of the area starting in the Late Burdigalian. This is consistent with the incision of the Middle Miocene deposits into the Lower Miocene ones as observed in other places of the main Rhodanian basin.
Branched-Chain and Aromatic Amino Acids Are Predictors of Insulin Resistance in Young Adults
Authors: Würtz Peter , Soininen Pasi , Kangas Antti J. , Rönnemaa Tapani , Lehtimäki Terho , Kähönen Mika , Viikari Jorma S. , Raitakari Olli T. , Ala-Korpela Mika 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with the risk for future type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We tested whether amino acids predict insulin resistance index in healthy young adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Circulating isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and six additional amino acids were quantified in 1,680 individuals from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (baseline age 32 ± 5 years; 54% women). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) at baseline and 6-year follow-up. Amino acid associations with HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose were assessed using regression models adjusted for established risk factors. We further examined whether amino acid profiling could augment risk assessment of insulin resistance (defined as 6-year HOMA-IR &gt;90th percentile) in early adulthood.

RESULTS
Isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were associated with HOMA-IR at baseline and for men at 6-year follow-up, while for women only leucine, valine, and phenylalanine predicted 6-year HOMA-IR (P &lt; 0.05). None of the other amino acids were prospectively associated with HOMA-IR. The sum of branched-chain and aromatic amino acid concentrations was associated with 6-year insulin resistance for men (odds ratio 2.09 [95% CI 1.38–3.17]; P = 0.0005); however, including the amino acid score in prediction models did not improve risk discrimination.

CONCLUSIONS
Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are markers of the development of insulin resistance in young, normoglycemic adults, with most pronounced associations for men. These findings suggest that the association of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids with the risk for future diabetes is at least partly mediated through insulin resistance.
Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Laugesen Esben , Høyem Pernille , Stausbøl-Grøn Brian , Mikkelsen Anders , Thrysøe Samuel , Erlandsen Mogens , Christiansen Jens S. , Knudsen Søren T. , Hansen Klavs W. , Kim Won Y. , Hansen Troels K. , Poulsen Per L. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high incidence of cardiovascular events including stroke. Increased arterial stiffness (AS) predicts cardiovascular events in the general population. Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are associated with an increased risk of stroke. It is unknown whether AS in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with WMLs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined 89 patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (&lt;5 years) and 89 sex- and age-matched controls. AS was assessed with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). WMLs were identified using magnetic resonance imaging and graded qualitatively with the Breteler scale (no/slight changes = 0, moderate changes = 1, severe changes = 2) and semiquantitatively.

RESULTS
The diabetic population had excellent glycemic control (HbA1c, 6.5% [6.2–6.8]; median [interquartile range {IQR}]) and had, compared with the controls, lower office blood pressure (BP) (127 ± 12/79 ± 8 vs. 132 ± 14/84 ± 10 mmHg) and total cholesterol (4.3[3.9–4.7] vs. 5.6 [5.1–6.4]; mmol/L; median [IQR]), (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Despite this, PWV was higher in the patients with diabetes compared with controls (9.3 ± 2.0 vs. 8.0 ± 1.6 m/s; P &lt; 0.0001). PWV was associated with Breteler score (OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.17–1.58]; P &lt; 0.001) and WML volume (OR 1.32 [95% CI 1.16–1.51]; P &lt; 0.001) per 1 m/s increase in PWV. These associations remained significant when adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, 24-h mean arterial BP, BMI, heart rate, and use of antihypertensives and statins (Breteler score: OR 1.28 [95% CI 1.03–1.60]; P &lt; 0.05 and WML volume: OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.06–1.58]; P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
PWV was higher among patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes compared with controls and was independently associated with WMLs. PWV may represent a clinically relevant parameter in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, Air Abrasion, and Silane Application on Repaired Shear Bond Strength of Composites
Authors: Cho SD , Rajitrangson P , Matis BA , Platt JA 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARY
Aged resin composites have a limited number of carbon-carbon double bonds to adhere to a new layer of resin. Study objectives were to 1) evaluate various surface treatments on repaired shear bond strength between aged and new resin composites and 2) to assess the influence of a silane coupling agent after surface treatments.

Methods
Eighty disk-shape resin composite specimens were fabricated and thermocycled 5000 times prior to surface treatment. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the three surface treatment groups (n=20): 1) air abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide, 2) tribochemical silica coating (CoJet), or 3) Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) laser or to a no-treatment control group (n=20). Specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and dried. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10): A) no silanization and B) with silanization. The adhesive agent was applied and new resin composite was bonded to each conditioned surface. Shear bond strength was evaluated and data analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
Air abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide showed significantly higher repair bond strength than the Er,Cr:YSGG laser and control groups. Air abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide was not significantly different from tribochemical silica coating. Tribochemical silica coating had significantly higher repair bond strength than Er,Cr:YSGG laser and the control. Er,Cr:YSGG laser and the control did not have significantly different repair bond strengths. Silanization had no influence on repair bond strength for any of the surface treatment methods.

Conclusion
Air abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide and tribochemical silica followed by the application of bonding agent provided the highest repair shear bond strength values, suggesting that they might be adequate methods to improve the quality of repairs of resin composites.
Influence of terbium on structure and luminescence of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films
Authors: Wojcieszak Damian , Kaczmarek Danuta , Domaradzki Jaroslaw , Lukowiak Anna , Strek Wieslaw 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this work analysis of the structural and optical properties of TiO2 thin films doped with terbium has been described. Samples were prepared by a high energy reactive magnetron sputtering process under low pressure of oxygen plasma. X-ray diffraction results have shown that different TiO2 crystal forms have been produced, depending on the amount of Tb dopant. The undoped matrix had rutile structure with crystallites with a size of 8.7 nm, while incorporation of 0.4 at. % of Tb into the film during the sputtering process resulted in anatase structure with bigger crystallites (11.7 nm). Increasing the amount of terbium up to 2 at. % and 2.6 at. % gave rutile structure with crystallites with a size of 6.6 nm for both films. However, Raman spectroscopy has revealed that in the case of TiO2:(2 at. % Tb), except for the rutile form, the presence of fine-crystalline anatase was observed. Moreover, the lack of Raman peaks shift attests to the lack of stress in the titania lattice of all of the TiO2:Tb films. This fact indicates localization of Tb3+ ions on the surface of TiO2 nanocrystals. In the case of optical investigation, results have shown that doping with terbium has a significant influence on the properties of TiO2, but it does not decrease the high transparency of the matrix. The observed changes of the transmission characteristics were produced only due to modification of the TiO2:Tb structure. Photoluminescence measurements have shown that emission of light from TiO2:Tb films occurs when the amount of terbium is 2.6 at. %. Based on the obtained results a scheme of direct energy transfer from titanium dioxide matrix (with rutile structure) to Tb3+ ions has been proposed.
L'imagerie médicale dans la relation de soin enjeux psychiques et éthiques
Authors: Potier Rémy 
Published: November 2012

Résumé	Les techniques d’imagerie médicale ont investi le langage contemporain sur le corps et modifié la perception que nous en avons. Un transfert s’opère du corps réel vers un corps construit, autre, qui nous est et nous demeure étranger. Psychanalyste, Rémy Potier montre comment l’image de soi peut être mise à l’épreuve par l’imagerie médicale.
Reliability of Fish Size Estimates Obtained From Multibeam Imaging Sonar
Authors: Hightower Joseph E. , Magowan Kevin J. , Brown Lori M. , Fox Dewayne A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Multibeam imaging sonars have considerable potential for use in fisheries surveys because the video-like images are easy to interpret, and they contain information about fish size, shape, and swimming behavior, as well as characteristics of occupied habitats. We examined images obtained using a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) multibeam sonar for Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, striped bass Morone saxatilis, white perch M. americana, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus of known size (20–141 cm) to determine the reliability of length estimates. For ranges up to 11 m, percent measurement error (sonar estimate – total length)/total length × 100 varied by species but was not related to the fish's range or aspect angle (orientation relative to the sonar beam). Least-square mean percent error was significantly different from 0.0 for Atlantic sturgeon (x̄  =  −8.34, SE  =  2.39) and white perch (x̄  = 14.48, SE  =  3.99) but not striped bass (x̄  =  3.71, SE  =  2.58) or channel catfish (x̄  = 3.97, SE  =  5.16). Underestimating lengths of Atlantic sturgeon may be due to difficulty in detecting the snout or the longer dorsal lobe of the heterocercal tail. White perch was the smallest species tested, and it had the largest percent measurement errors (both positive and negative) and the lowest percentage of images classified as good or acceptable. Automated length estimates for the four species using Echoview software varied with position in the view-field. Estimates tended to be low at more extreme azimuthal angles (fish's angle off-axis within the view-field), but mean and maximum estimates were highly correlated with total length. Software estimates also were biased by fish images partially outside the view-field and when acoustic crosstalk occurred (when a fish perpendicular to the sonar and at relatively close range is detected in the side lobes of adjacent beams). These sources of bias are apparent when files are processed manually and can be filtered out when producing automated software estimates. Multibeam sonar estimates of fish size should be useful for research and management if these potential sources of bias and imprecision are addressed.
La problématique des « droits sur le carbone » dans REDD+
Authors: Karsenty Alain , Vogel Aurélie , Blas Driss Ezzine de , Fétiveau Judicaël 
Published: November 2012

Dans les projets de réduction d’émissions au titre du Mécanisme pour un développement propre (MDP), il est admis que les crédits carbone reviennent aux investisseurs. Pourtant, la question des droits sur le carbone se révèle potentiellement conflictuelle pour le futur mécanisme REDD+. Soulevée à propos du partage des bénéfices par ceux qui supposent que les promoteurs de projets REDD+ vont tirer d’importants profits de la vente de crédits carbone au détriment des propriétaires ou gestionnaires effectifs de la ressource forestière, cette question est, au mieux, mal posée. Alors que l’architecture comme le financement du mécanisme restent à définir, on peut montrer que la question ne fait sens que dans le cas d’une rémunération de projets, en général à travers la vente de crédits carbone. Elle dépend aussi du modèle économique associé à l’activité REDD+. À une démarche de rémunération des services environnementaux correspond une rémunération pour la protection d’un stock de carbone forestier par ses propriétaires légaux et/ou coutumiers. Ceci relève alors d’une « rente de conservation », dont l’efficacité est contestée par les économistes. À une démarche de rémunération d’une « contribution active » à un objectif environnemental correspond la création d’un droit distinct de celui sur la ressource. Dans ce cas, l’argument des droits de propriété ne peut être invoqué que pour le partage de la seule « rente carbone », si celle-ci existe. Clarifier le débat relatif aux droits sur le carbone revient aussi à lever la confusion entre les notions de bénéfice et de rente.
Mannose-Capped Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Preferentially Inhibits Sphingosine-1-Phosphate–Induced Migration of Th1 Cells
Authors: Richmond Jillian M. , Lee Jinhee , Green Daniel S. , Kornfeld Hardy , Cruikshank William W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Chemokine receptor cross-desensitization provides an important mechanism to regulate immune cell recruitment at sites of inflammation. We previously reported that the mycobacterial cell wall glycophospholipid mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could induce human peripheral blood T cell chemotaxis. Therefore, we examined the ability of ManLAM to desensitize T cells to other chemoattractants as a potential mechanism for impaired T cell homing and delayed lung recruitment during mycobacterial infection. We found that ManLAM pretreatment inhibited in vitro migration of naive human or mouse T cells to the lymph node egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Intratracheal administration of ManLAM in mice resulted in significant increases in T cells, primarily CCR5+ (Th1) cells, in lung-draining lymph nodes. To investigate the selective CCR5 effect, mouse T cells were differentiated into Th1 or Th2 populations in vitro, and their ability to migrate to S1P with or without ManLAM pretreatment was analyzed. ManLAM pretreatment of Th1 populations inhibited S1P-induced migration but had no effect on Th2 cell S1P-directed migration, suggesting a differential effect by S1P on the two subsets. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor Ly294002 inhibited S1P-directed migration by Th1 cells, whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited Th2 cell S1P-directed migration. These observations demonstrate that S1P-induced migratory responses in Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes occurs via different signaling pathways and suggests further that the production of ManLAM during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may function to sequester Th1 cells in lung-draining lymph nodes, thereby delaying their recruitment to the lung.
IL-7 Abrogates Suppressive Activity of Human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells and Allows Expansion of Alloreactive and Autoreactive T Cells
Authors: Heninger Anne-Kristin , Theil Anke , Wilhelm Carmen , Petzold Cathleen , Huebel Nicole , Kretschmer Karsten , Bonifacio Ezio , Monti Paolo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control the activation and expansion of alloreactive and autoreactive T cell clones. Because uncontrolled activation and expansion of autoreactive T cells occur in an IL-7–rich environment, we explored the possibility that IL-7 may affect the function of Treg. We show that the functional high-affinity IL-7R is expressed on both naive and memory Tregs, and exposure to IL-7 results in STAT-5 phosphorylation. Naive, but not memory, Tregs proliferated greatly and acquired a memory phenotype in the setting of a suppression assay when IL-7 was present. Importantly, the presence of IL-7 abrogated the capacity of Tregs to suppress proliferation of conventional T cells in response to TCR activators, including alloantigens and autoantigens. Removal of IL-7 restored the suppressive function of Tregs. Preblocking of the IL-7R on the Tregs also restored suppressor function, indicating that IL-7 directly affected Treg function. Thus, prolonged periods of homeostatic expansion can temporarily release natural regulatory brakes on T cells, thereby providing an additional mechanism for activating and expanding alloreactive and autoreactive T cells.
On the Role of Regulatory T Cells during Viral-Induced Inflammatory Lesions
Authors: Veiga-Parga Tamara , Suryawanshi Amol , Mulik Sachin , Giménez Fernanda , Sharma Shalini , Sparwasser Tim , Rouse Barry T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Ocular HSV-1 infection can result in stromal keratitis, a blinding immunoinflammatory lesion that represents an immunopathological response to the infection. CD4+ T cells are the main orchestrators, and lesions are more severe if the regulatory T cell (Treg) response is compromised from the onset of infection. Little is known about the role of Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs during ongoing inflammatory reactions, which is the topic of this article. We used DEREG mice and depleted Tregs at different times postinfection. We show that lesions became more severe even when depletion was begun in the clinical phase of the disease. This outcome was explained both by Tregs’ influence on the activity of inflammatory effector T cells at the lesion site and by an effect in lymphoid tissues that led to reduced numbers of effectors and less trafficking of T cells and neutrophils to the eye. Our results demonstrate that Tregs can beneficially influence the impact of ongoing tissue-damaging responses to a viral infection and imply that therapies boosting Treg function in the clinical phase hold promise for controlling a lesion that is an important cause of human blindness.
Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: The Progressive Vasculopathy
Authors: Engelbert Michael , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. To describe the complete sequence of the progressive vasculopathy in macular telangiectasia type 2. Methods. This is a report of a case demonstrating the complete vasogenic sequence in macular telangiectasia type 2 over the course of 15 years, and representative images from a collective of 150 patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 employing fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Results. Macular telangiectasia may progress along a predictable vasogenic sequence which consists of nonproliferative stages, characterized by temporal loss of macular luteopigment and inner retinal volume loss in the absence of vascular changes, followed by a progressive proliferative vasculopathy, first involving the deep capillary plexus with eventual extension of the vascular changes circumferentially in the inner retinal capillary plexus. Late proliferative stages may become indistinguishable from advanced neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Conclusions. While it is rare to observe the complete vasogenic sequence of macular telangiectasia type 2, a classification into nonproliferative and proliferative stages can be established, and may prove helpful as the mechanisms driving the pathogenic process through those stages are identified.
Influence of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Tissue Integration versus Bacterial Colonization on Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)
Authors: Subbiahdoss Guruprakash , Aleyt Thomas , Kuijer Roel , Busscher Henk J. , Van Der Mei Henny C. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) remain a major concern in modern health care. BAI is difficult to treat and often results in implant replacement or removal. Pathogens can be introduced on implant surfaces during surgery and compete with host cells attempting to integrate the implant. Here we studied the influence of prophylactically given cephatholin in the competition between highly virulent Staphylococcus aureus and human osteoblast-like cells (U-2 OS, ATCC HTB-94) for a poly(methyl methacrylate) surface in vitro using a peri-operative contamination model. Method S. aureus was seeded on the acrylic surface in a parallel plate flow chamber prior to adhesion of U-2 OS cells. Next, S. aureus and U-2 OS cells were allowed to grow simultaneously under shear (0.14 1/s) in a modified culture medium containing cephatholin for 8 h, the time period this drug is supposed to be active in situ. Subsequently, the flow was continued with modified culture medium for another 64 h. Results In the absence of cephatholin, highly virulent S. aureus caused U-2 OS cell death within 18 h. In contrast, the presence of cephatholin for 8 h resulted in survival of U-2 OS cell up to 72 h during simultaneous growth of U-2 OS cells and bacteria. Not all adhering bacteria were killed however, but they showed a delayed growth. Conclusions These findings are in line with the recalcitrance of biofilms against antibiotic treatment observed clinically, and represent another support for the use of in vitro co-culture models in mimicking the clinical situation.