bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic agents in patients with very long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: a literature review
Authors: Redshaw Charlotte , Stewart Catherine 
Published: July 2014

SummaryVery long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrongenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a rare disorder of fatty acid metabolism that renders sufferers susceptible to hypoglycemia, liver failure, cardiomyopathy, and rhabdomyolysis. The literature about the management of these patients is hugely conflicting, suggesting that both propofol and volatile anesthesia should be avoided. We have reviewed the literature and have concluded that the source papers do not support the statements that volatile anesthetic agents are unsafe. The reports on rhabdomyolysis secondary to anesthesia appear to be due to inadequate supply of carbohydrate not volatile agents. Catabolism must be avoided with minimal fasting, glucose infusions based on age and weight, and attenuation of emotional and physical stress. General anesthesia appears to be protective of stress‐induced catabolism and may offer benefits in children and anxious patients over regional anesthesia. Propofol has not been demonstrated to be harmful in VLCADD but is presented in an emulsion containing very long‐chain fatty acids which can cause organ lipidosis and itself can inhibit mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. It is therefore not recommended. Suxamethonium‐induced myalgia may mimic symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and cause raised CK therefore should be avoided. Opioids, NSAIDS, regional anesthesia, and local anesthetic techniques have all been used without complication.
Oral immunization of haemaggulutinin H5 expressed in plant endoplasmic reticulum with adjuvant saponin protects mice against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus infection
Authors: Lee Goeun , Na Yun Jeong , Yang Bo‐Gie , Choi Jun‐Pyo , Seo Yong Bok , Hong Chun‐Pyo , Yun Chang Ho , Kim Dae Heon , Sohn Eun Ju , Kim Jeong Hee , Sung Young Chul , Kim Yoon‐Keun , Jang Myoung Ho , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: July 2014

SummaryPandemics in poultry caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A virus occur too frequently globally, and there is growing concern about theHPAIA virus due to the possibility of a pandemic among humans. Thus, it is important to develop a vaccine againstHPAIsuitable for both humans and animals. Various approaches are underway to develop such vaccines. In particular, an edible vaccine would be a convenient way to vaccinate poultry because of the behaviour of the animals. However, an edible vaccine is still not available. In this study, we developed a strategy of effective vaccination of mice by the oral administration of transgenicArabidopsisplants (HA‐TG) expressing haemagglutinin (HA) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Expression ofHAin theERresulted in its high‐level accumulation,N‐glycosylation, protection from proteolytic degradation and long‐term stability. Oral administration ofHA‐TGwith saponin elicited high levels ofHA‐specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA responses in mice, which resulted in protection against a lethal influenza virus infection with attenuated inflammatory symptoms. Based on these results, we propose that oral administration of freeze‐dried leaf powders from transgenic plants expressingHAin theERtogether with saponin is an attractive strategy for vaccination against influenza A virus.
Evans syndrome after unrelated bone marrow transplantation for refractory cytopenia of childhood
Authors: Ueki Hideaki , Igarashi Shunji , Kimura Shunsuke , Tsuchimochi Taichiro , Furudate Kazuki , Sakurai Ayako , Noguchi Yasushi , Sunami Shosuke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPost‐transplant ES, which is often resistant to therapies, has seldom been described. This report describes a case of ES after UBMT for RCC. A five‐yr‐old boy developed RCC with no evidence of monosomy 7. Because no matching family donors were available for SCT and immunosuppressive therapy was ineffective, UBMT was performed when he was six yr old. The conditioning regimen included TAI (3 Gy) and administration of FLU, CY, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. The recovery of blood cells was good. He displayed grade II acute GVHD involving only the skin. ES developed on day 66, with positive results for Epstein–Barr virus DNA and HHV 6. Cytopenia was resolved with treatment with RTX, GCV, an escalated dose of steroids, high‐dose gammaglobulin, and romiplostim. No relapse has occurred since discontinuing steroids on day 177 and romiplostim on day 268. Post‐SCT ES after UBMT is rare, and the risk factors and therapies are unclear. Prospective analysis and collection of cases from multiple centers are required for clarification.
Hypericin Damages the Ectatic Capillaries in a Roman Cockscomb Model and Inhibits the Growth of Human Endothelial Cells More Potently Than Hematoporphyrin Does through Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Li Zhuo‐heng , Meng De‐sheng , Li Yuan‐yuan , Lu Lai‐chun , Yu Cai‐ping , Zhang Qian , Guan Hai‐yan , Li Chen‐wen , Yang Xue , Fu Ruo‐qiu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHypericin (HY) is a promising photosensitizer (PS) for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Port‐wine stains (PWSs) are congenital superficial dermal capillary malformations. In this study, we evaluated the photocytotoxic effects of HY for PDT in human vascular endothelial cells and a chicken cockscomb model. HY significantly inhibited the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as determined by colorimetric assays and morphological observation, and flow cytometry assays indicated induction of apoptosis and collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, HY more effectively inhibited growth of and induced apoptosis in HUVECs compared with hematoporphyrin (HP). Further experiments performed in a Roman chicken cockscomb model also showed a clear photocytotoxic effect on the cockscomb dermal capillary upon intravenous injection of HY. This effect may be due to the role of HY in the induction of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopical analysis showed mitochondrial morphological changes such as incomplete ridges and swelling, and immunohistochemical assays showed an increase in the release of cytochrome c. In conclusion, HY exhibited a greater photocytotoxic activity than did HP toward the growth of endothelial cells and may thus represent a potent PS for PWS PDT.
Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption in GCC and MENA Countries
Authors: Kayıkçı Fazıl , Bildirici Melike 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study estimates the causal relationship between oil rents, electricity consumption and economic growth at aggregate levels with annual data from between 1972 and 2011 for the Arab states of the Gulf and some Middle East and North African countries. An autoregressive distributed lag bounds test shows that oil rents, economic growth and electricity consumption are cointegrated for these countries in a stable manner over this whole period. Granger causality tests indicate that directions of causalities differ for the countries according to their natural resource levels. Thus, these countries can be classified according to their oil rent levels for implementing energy policies such as energy conservation.
Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains
Authors: Myrow Paul M. , Chen Jitao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA variety of unusual early post‐depositional deformation structures exist in grainstone and flat‐pebble conglomerate beds of Upper Cambrian strata, western Colorado, including slide scarps, thrusted beds, irregular blocks and internally deformed beds. Thrusted beds up to tens of centimetres thick record thrust movement of a part of a bed onto itself along a moderate to steeply inclined (15° to 40°) ramp, locally producing hanging wall lenses with fault‐bend geometries. Thrust plane orientations are widely distributed, and in some cases nearly oppositely oriented in close proximity, indicating that they did not form as failures acted upon by gravity forces. Irregular bedded to internally deformed blocks are isolated on generally flat upper bedding surfaces. These features represent parts of beds that detached, moved up onto and some distances across, the laterally adjacent undisturbed bed surfaces. Deformation of thin intervals of mud on the ocean floor by moving blocks rules out the possibility of storm‐induced deformation, because the mud was not eroded by high shear stresses that would accompany the extremely large forces required to produce and move the blocks. Finally, internally deformed beds are characterized by large blocks, fitted fabrics of highly irregular fragments and contorted lamination, which represent heterogeneous deformation, such as brecciation and liquefaction. The deformation structures were produced by earthquakes linked to the reactivation of Mesoproterozoic, crustal‐scale shear zones in the central Rockies during the Late Cambrian. Analysis of the deformation structures indicates very large body forces and calculated earthquake‐generated ground motion velocities of ca 1·6 m sec−1. These correspond to moment magnitudes of ca 7·0 or more and a Mercalli Intensity of X+. These are the only known magnitude estimates of Phanerozoic (other than Quaternary) large‐intensity earthquakes for the Rocky Mountain region, and they are as large as, or larger than, previous estimates of Proterozoic earthquakes along these major shear zones of the central Rockies.
Patients with tattoo reactions have reduced quality of life and suffer from itch
Authors: Hutton Carlsen K. , Serup J. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundTattoos are a trend with increasing side‐effects. The burden of local reaction with swelling, itching and discomfort may impel sufferers to consult medical assistance.ObjectivesTo assess tattoo reactions and their influence on quality of life and itching by utilizing the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scoring system and Itch Severity Scale (ISS).MethodsPatients attending the ‘Tattoo Clinic’ at Bispebjerg University Hospital, Denmark with tattoo problems spanning more than 3 months were invited. Forty patients participated during September–November 2012. Patients attending their routine consultations completed the ISS and DLQI questionnaires.ResultsPatients with tattoo reactions experienced reduced quality of life, DLQI score 7.4 and were burdened by itch, ISS score 7.2. Both DLQI and ISS results attained the level of discomfort of known skin diseases such as psoriasis, pruritus and eczema albeit the typical tattooed affected areas are smaller.Conclusion/DiscussionSufferers of tattoo reactions have reduced quality of life and are often burdened by itching attaining the level of other cumbersome afflictions recognized as dermatological diseases associated with itch. Tattoo reactions warrant diagnosis and treatment with same professional intent shared with other skin diseases.
Non‐invasive assessment of cutaneous wound healing using fluorescent imaging
Authors: Lee O. , Kim J. , Park G. , Kim M. , Son S. , Ha S. , Oh C. 
Published: July 2014

Background/purposeOptical imaging is a very important technique in the biomedical sciences. The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo optical system for fluorescent imaging and molecular imaging applications using quantum dots (QDs).MethodsThe in vivo optical system was composed of modular parts, including a light source, light guide, excitation filter wheel, excitation filters, emission filter wheel, emission filters, liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), macro lens, dark chamber, and a cooled charged‐coupled device (CCD) camera for recording images. Filters were selected based on the excitation and absorption spectra of QDs to allow spectral separation and optimization of the acquired image. In contrast with conventional systems, our system allows selection of the emission bandwidth.ResultsThe system was tested in an in vivo study using a wound‐healing model in nude mice. The healing process was examined after injection of fibroblasts and keratinocytes labeled with two different sets of QDs. The different QD probes were readily detected and distinguished using our system.ConclusionAn in vivo optical system is a very useful tool for the detection of genes, proteins, and small‐molecule drugs inside living animals, and this imaging modality can also be adopted for real‐time visualization of cancer cell metastasis in live animals.
The effects of water exposure on biophysical properties of normal skin
Authors: Firooz A. , Aghazadeh N. , Rajabi Estarabadi A. , Hejazi P. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundWater exposure is an influential factor in some common dermatoses. It has also been shown that water has an effect on barrier function and biophysical properties of skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water immersion on biophysical properties of normal skin.Participants & methodsTwenty healthy volunteers participated in this study. The volar aspect of volunteer's forearm was immersed in tap water for 30 min a day for five consecutive days. Biophysical skin parameters including TEWL, skin pH, capacitance, erythema and sebum content were measured using specific probes before and after the exposure and compared with unexposed other forearm as control.ResultsTEWL and pH of the exposed forearm increased significantly after 5 days of consecutive daily exposure to water.ConclusionWater exposure increases the TEWL and pH of normal skin. Future studies evaluating the durability of the increased TEWL through monitoring the time course of events following skin immersion in water and susceptibility of skin to chemical irritants are required.
Increased cardiac output contributes to the development of chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced hypertension
Authors: Lucking Eric F. , O'Halloran Ken D. , Jones James F. X. 
Published: July 2014

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)‐induced hypertension is commonly believed to be a consequence of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, but direct recordings of chronic vasoconstriction have never been performed hitherto. We determined whether chronic vasoconstriction contributes to the development of hypertension in CIH‐exposed animals.
What is the main finding and its importance?
We found no evidence of chronic vasoconstriction in CIH‐exposed rats; instead, the development of hypertension was due to an increase in cardiac output. This attempt to increase O2 flow may lead to the initial development of hypertension. Increased in cardiac output has never been previously reported and could be an important parameter to measure in sleep apnoea patients.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in animal models has been shown to result in hypertension and elevation of sympathetic nervous system activity. Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is believed to be the primary mechanism underpinning CIH‐induced hypertension; however, the potential contribution of the heart is largely overlooked. We sought to determine the contribution of cardiac output (CO) and lumbar sympathetic control of the hindlimb circulation to CIH‐induced hypertension. Male Wistar rats (n = 64) were exposed to 2 weeks of CIH [cycles of 90 s hypoxia (5% O2 nadir) and 210 s normoxia] or normoxia for 8 h day−1. Under urethane anaesthesia, CIH‐treated animals developed hypertension (81.4 ± 2.2 versus 91.6 ± 2.4 mmHg; P < 0.001), tachycardia (397 ± 8 versus 445 ± 7 beats min−1; P < 0.001) and an increased haematocrit (42.4 ± 0.4 versus 45.0 ± 0.4%; P < 0.001). Echocardiography revealed that CIH exposure increased the CO [19.3 ± 1.7 versus 25.8 ± 2.6 ml min−1 (100 g)−1; P = 0.027] with no change in total peripheral resistance (4.93 ± 0.49 versus 4.17 ± 0.34 mmHg ml−1 min−1; P = 0.123). Sympathetic ganglionic blockade revealed that sympathetic control over blood pressure was not different (−27.7 ± 1.6 versus −32.3 ± 2.9 mmHg; P = 0.095), and no chronic vasoconstriction was found in the hindlimb circulation of CIH‐treated animals (39.4 ± 2.5 versus 38.0 ± 2.4 μl min−1 mmHg−1; P = 0.336). Lumbar sympathetic control over the hindlimb circulation was unchanged in CIH‐treated animals (P = 0.761), although hindlimb arterial sympathetic density was increased (P = 0.012) and vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine was blunted (P = 0.049). We conclude that increased CO is sufficient to explain the development of CIH‐induced hypertension, which may be an early adaptive response to raise O2 flow. We propose that sustained elevated cardiac work may ultimately lead to heart failure.
Breath‐by‐breath pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics: effect of data processing on confidence in estimating model parameters
Authors: Keir Daniel A. , Murias Juan M. , Paterson Donald H. , Kowalchuk John M. 
Published: July 2014

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
In groups of young and older adults, we investigated whether techniques used as common practice for processing breath‐by‐breath pulmonary O2 uptake data from repeated step transitions in work rate into the moderate‐intensity exercise domain influence the model parameter estimations and confidence of describing the phase II pulmonary O2 uptake response.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Results demonstrate that regardless of age group, during transitions into the moderate‐intensity exercise domain, techniques for processing individual transitions did not affect parameter estimates describing the phase II pulmonary O2 uptake response; however, the confidence in the parameter estimation could be improved by the technique used to process individual trials.
AbstractTo improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of breath‐by‐breath pulmonary O2 uptake () data, it is common practice to perform multiple step transitions, which are subsequently processed to yield an ensemble‐averaged profile. The effect of different data‐processing techniques on phase II kinetic parameter estimates ( amplitude, time delay and phase II time constant (τ)] and model confidence [95% confidence interval (CI95)] was examined. Young (n = 9) and older men (n = 9) performed four step transitions from a 20 W baseline to a work rate corresponding to 90% of their estimated lactate threshold on a cycle ergometer. Breath‐by‐breath was measured using mass spectrometry and volume turbine. Mono‐exponential kinetic modelling of phase II data was performed on data processed using the following techniques: (A) raw data (trials time aligned, breaths of all trials combined and sorted in time); (B) raw data plus interpolation (trials time aligned, combined, sorted and linearly interpolated to second by second); (C) raw data plus interpolation plus 5 s bin averaged; (D) individual trial interpolation plus ensemble averaged [trials time aligned, linearly interpolated to second by second (technique 1; points joined by straight‐line segments), ensemble averaged]; (E) ‘D’ plus 5 s bin averaged; (F) individual trial interpolation plus ensemble averaged [trials time aligned, linearly interpolated to second by second (technique 2; points copied until subsequent point appears), ensemble averaged]; and (G) ‘F’ plus 5 s bin averaged. All of the model parameters were unaffected by data‐processing technique; however, the CI95 for τ in condition ‘D’ (4 s) was lower (P < 0.05) than the CI95 reported for all other conditions (5–10 s). Data‐processing technique had no effect on parameter estimates of the phase II response. However, the narrowest interval for CI95 occurred when individual trials were linearly interpolated and ensemble averaged.
Changing Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Italy, 2003 to 2012
Authors: Carannante Anna , Renna Giovanna , Dal Conte Ivano , Ghisetti Valeria , Matteelli Alberto , Prignano Grazia , Impara Giampaolo , Cusini Marco , D'Antuono Antonietta , Vocale Caterina , Antonetti Raffaele , Gaino Marina , Busetti Marina , Latino Maria Agnese , Mencacci Antonella , Bonanno Carmen , Cava Maria Carmela , Giraldi Cristina , Stefanelli Paola 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The emergence of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates displaying resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health concern and a serious issue related to the occurrence of further untreatable gonorrhea infections. A retrospective analysis on 1,430
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates, collected from 2003 through 2012, for antimicrobial susceptibility by Etest and molecular characterization by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was carried out in Italy. Azithromycin-resistant gonococci decreased from 14% in 2007 to 2.2% in 2012. Similarly, isolates with high MICs to cefixime (>0.125 mg/liter) decreased from 11% in 2008 to 3.3% in 2012. The ciprofloxacin resistance rate remains quite stable, following an increasing trend up to 64% in 2012. The percentage of penicillinase-producing
N. gonorrhoeae
(PPNG) significantly declined from 77% in 2003 to 7% in 2012. A total of 81 multidrug-resistant (MDR) gonococci were identified, showing 11 different antimicrobial resistance patterns. These were isolated from men who have sex with men (MSM) and from heterosexual patients. Two sequence types (STs), ST661 and ST1407, were the most common. Genogroup 1407, which included cefixime-, ciprofloxacin-, and azithromycin-resistant isolates, was found. In conclusion, a change in the antimicrobial resistance profiles among gonococci was identified in Italy together with a percentage of MDR isolates.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Containing
bla
VIM-2
and Elements of Salmonella Genomic Island 2: a New Genetic Resistance Determinant in Northeast Ohio
Authors: Perez Federico , Hujer Andrea M. , Marshall Steven H. , Ray Amy J. , Rather Philip N. , Suwantarat Nuntra , Dumford Donald , O'Shea Patrick , Domitrovic T. Nicholas J. , Salata Robert A. , Chavda Kalyan D. , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Vila Alejandro J. , Haussler Susanne , Jacobs Michael R. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Carbapenems are a mainstay of treatment for infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Carbapenem resistance mediated by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) remains uncommon in the United States, despite the worldwide emergence of this group of enzymes. Between March 2012 and May 2013, we detected MBL-producing
P. aeruginosa
in a university-affiliated health care system in northeast Ohio. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients, defined the resistance determinants and structure of the genetic element harboring the
bla
MBL
gene through genome sequencing, and typed MBL-producing
P. aeruginosa
isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seven patients were affected that were hospitalized at three community hospitals, a long-term-care facility, and a tertiary care center; one of the patients died as a result of infection. Isolates belonged to sequence type 233 (ST233) and were extensively drug resistant (XDR), including resistance to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams; two isolates were nonsusceptible to colistin. The
bla
MBL
gene was identified as
bla
VIM-2
contained within a class 1 integron (In559), similar to the cassette array previously detected in isolates from Norway, Russia, Taiwan, and Chicago, IL. Genomic sequencing and assembly revealed that In559 was part of a novel 35-kb region that also included a Tn
501
-like transposon and
Salmonella
genomic island 2 (SGI2)-homologous sequences. This analysis of XDR strains producing VIM-2 from northeast Ohio revealed a novel recombination event between
Salmonella
and
P. aeruginosa
, heralding a new antibiotic resistance threat in this region's health care system.