bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a prior authorization policy on compliance with VA pharmacy benefits management services recommendations for antipsychotic selection
Authors: Nevo Ofir Noah , Gold Jeffrey , Hawk Sherri 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Introduction:
A previous study at Veterans Affairs (VA) Eastern Colorado Health Care System revealed low rates of compliance with VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services recommendations for antipsychotic selection in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. As a result, formulary restrictions of second-line antipsychotics were implemented. Since April 2013, new starts of second-line antipsychotic agents require a prior authorization drug review. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the prior authorization process on compliance with the VA criteria for prescribing aripiprazole, olanzapine, and ziprasidone. The primary objective was to compare compliance rates with VA antipsychotic selection criteria preimplementation and postimplementation of the prior authorization drug review policy.

Methods
Single center, retrospective chart review of patients receiving aripiprazole, olanzapine, and ziprasidone. A report of all patients receiving a prescription for the above 3 agents between April 8, 2013, and December 6, 2013, was generated from the electronic medical record system. Charts were reviewed manually to determine compliance.

Results
One hundred forty-two unique patients were started on aripiprazole, olanzapine, and/or ziprasidone. Ninety percent of patients met VA criteria for use of these second-line antipsychotic agents, compared to 26% of patients prior to implementation of the prior authorization drug review. Overall prescribing of these agents decreased by 60%, resulting in an estimated cost avoidance of $617 389.

Discussion
Implementation of a prior authorization drug request for aripiprazole, olanzapine, and ziprasidone was associated with increased compliance with VA criteria for use of antipsychotic agents and with marked cost avoidance due to the reduced use of more expensive second-line antipsychotic agents.
An ulcerated mouth lesion following one dose of sublingual asenapine
Authors: Sweet Gary , Washington Nicole B. , Brahm Nancy C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Purpose
To report the first descriptive case of a mouth lesion following one dose of sublingually administered asenapine.

Summary
Asenapine is a second-generation antipsychotic, approved in the United States in August 2009, for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. It is administered as a sublingual tablet to be taken twice daily. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it is thought to be mediated through a combination of antagonist activity at the dopamine and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Sublingual bioavailability is estimated at 35% and is highly plasma protein bound (95%). Oral administration results in low bioavailability (&lt; 2%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism. Adverse tissue reactions identified by the manufacturer include mouth ulcers, blisters, and peeling/sloughing of the contact area. In one manufacturer-sponsored trial, oral paresthesia events were reported for the following administration routes: sublingual (75.8%), supralingual (55.9%), and buccal (45.7%).

Case Report
A 35-year-old patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and swallowing problems was on a regimen that included liquid haloperidol via oral syringe. Adherence was problematic and psychotic symptoms were poorly controlled. The patient was prescribed asenapine 5-mg sublingual tablets to be dissolved under the tongue twice daily. Following the first dose, the patient developed an extremely painful ulcerated lip lesion and refused additional doses. The Naranjo Probability Scale was applied and indicated a probable reaction (7 of 12).

Conclusions
In our patient, the adverse event occurred following one dose. Rechallenge was not attempted. Primary care providers may not be fully aware of the potential severity for this medication-related effect. Based on findings from the manufacturer, clinicians are encouraged to counsel patients and conduct follow-up to determine whether any adverse oral effects were experienced that might have an impact on medication adherence.
Review of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections
Authors: Mullen Sandy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring the past decade, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) has become the topic of numerous debates, sparking research on its presentation, existence, and treatment. As the awareness of PANDAS has increased among the general community, health care providers have been forced to increase their knowledge of this controversial disease state. This article will review the background information, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and contentious issues related to PANDAS.
Parameterization of aerosol scavenging due to atmospheric ionization
Authors: Tinsley Brian A. , Zhou Limin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new approach to parameterizing the modulation of aerosol scavenging by electric charges on particles and droplets gives improved accuracy and is applied over an extended range of droplet and particle radii relevant to cloud microphysical processes. The base level scavenging rates for small particles are dominated by diffusion and for large particles by intercept, weight, and flow effects. For charged particles encountering uncharged droplets, in all cases there is an increase in the scavenging rates, due to the image force. For droplets with charges of opposite sign to those of the particle charge, the rates are further increased, due to the Coulomb force, whereas for droplet with charges of the same sign, the rates are decreased. Increases above the base level (electroscavenging) predominate for the larger particles and occur in the interior of clouds even when no space charge (net charge) is present. Decreases below the base level (electroantiscavenging) occur for same‐sign charges with smaller particles. The rates for uncharged droplets are parameterized, and the effect of charges on the droplets then parameterized as a departure from those rates. The results are convenient for incorporation in models of clouds which include detailed microphysics, to model the electrically induced reductions and increases in cloud condensation nucleus and ice forming nucleus concentrations and size distributions and contact ice nucleation rates that affect coagulation and precipitation and cloud albedo. Implications for effects on weather and climate, due both to externally and internally induced variability in atmospheric ionization, are outlined.
The impact of stored solar heat on Arctic sea ice growth
Authors: Timmermans M.‐L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution measurements of ocean temperature and salinity in the Arctic Ocean's Canada Basin reveal the importance of the release of solar‐derived stored ocean heat on sea ice growth. Locally absorbed summer solar heat is stored in a near‐surface temperature maximum (NSTM) layer underlying the mixed layer. The heat content of the NSTM layer was anomalously large following summer 2007, which saw considerable sea ice losses and intense solar absorption into the exposed surface ocean. Measurements provide evidence for the entrainment of NSTM layer heat in fall/winter 2007–2008 by shear‐driven mixing, and convective mixing by the release of dense, salty plumes during sea ice growth. While at least a portion of the NSTM layer was eroded, deeper warm ocean layers remained unaffected. It is shown that the release of solar heat stored following summer 2007 was sufficient to have reduced sea ice thickness at the end of the 2008 growth season by about 25%.
Linear relation between convective cloud base height and updrafts and application to satellite retrievals
Authors: Zheng Youtong , Rosenfeld Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMeasurements done by the Department of Energy/Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program, at the Southern Great Plains, the central Amazon, and on board an oceangoing ship between Honolulu and Los Angeles, show that updraft speeds measured by Doppler lidar and 95 GHz cloud radar are tightly linearly correlated with cloud base height (Hb). Based on these relationships, a method of satellite retrieval of maximum (Wmax) and cloud base (Wb) updraft speeds in cloud topped planetary boundary layer is proposed. Hb, as an input for updraft estimation, is obtained from satellite‐retrieved cloud base temperature in combination with 2 m air temperature derived from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis. Validation by the lidar and radar measurements shows good agreements for the satellite retrieval of Wmax with RMSE (root‐mean‐square error) = 0.38 m/s and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) = 19% and Wb with RMSE = 0.34 m/s and MAPE = 21%.
Identification of the source of quasiperiodic VLF emissions using ground‐based and Van Allen Probes satellite observations
Authors: Titova E. E. , Kozelov B. V. , Demekhov A. G. , Manninen J. , Santolik O. , Kletzing C. A. , Reeves G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report on simultaneous spacecraft and ground‐based observations of quasiperiodic VLF emissions and related energetic‐electron dynamics. Quasiperiodic emissions in the frequency range 2–6 kHz were observed during a substorm on 25 January 2013 by Van Allen Probe‐A and a ground‐based station in the Northern Finland. The spacecraft detected the VLF signals near the geomagnetic equator in the night sector at L = 3.0–4.2 when it was inside the plasmasphere. During the satellite motion toward higher latitudes, the time interval between quasiperiodic elements decreased from 6 min to 3 min. We find one‐to‐one correspondence between the quasiperiodic elements detected by Van Allen Probe‐A and on the ground, which indicates the temporal nature of the observed variation in the time interval between quasiperiodic elements. Multiсomponent measurements of the wave electric and magnetic fields by the Van Allen Probe‐A show that the quasiperiodic emissions were almost circularly right‐hand polarized whistler mode waves and had predominantly small (below 30°) wave vector angles with respect to the magnetic field. In the probable source region of these signals (L about 4), we observed synchronous variations of electron distribution function at energies of 10–20 keV and the quasiperiodic elements. In the pause between the quasiperiodic elements pitch angle distribution of these electrons had a maximum near 90°, while they become more isotropic during the development of quasiperiodic elements. The parallel energies of the electrons for which the data suggest direct evidence of the wave‐particle interactions is in a reasonable agreement with the estimated cyclotron resonance energy for the observed waves.
Variations in grain size and viscosity based on vacancy diffusion in minerals, seismic tomography, and geodynamically inferred mantle rheology
Authors: Glišović Petar , Forte Alessandro M. , Ammann Michael W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effect of grain size on mantle viscosity is comparable to that of temperature and pressure. The current 3‐D distribution of grain size in the mantle is, however, unknown. To explore the possible variability of grain size, we use the following: geodynamic inferences of effective viscosity, vacancy diffusion rates in upper mantle minerals and perovskite in the lower mantle, lateral variations in temperature derived from seismic images, and different geotherms. An important outcome of this modeling is a new mapping of lateral viscosity variations throughout the mantle. The corresponding 3‐D variations in grain size are characterized by 2 orders of magnitude changes. We find a correlation between grain size variability in the mantle and absolute viscosity changes with depth. Our findings suggest that the traditional assumption of Arrhenius temperature dependence for vacancy diffusion in the lower mantle is not sufficient to constrain the deformation mechanisms that determine its effective bulk viscosity.
End‐of‐winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Sass Louis , O'Neel Shad , Arendt Anthony , Wolken Gabriel , Gusmeroli Alessio , Kienholz Christian , McNeil Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA quantitative understanding of snow thickness and snow water equivalent (SWE) on glaciers is essential to a wide range of scientific and resource management topics. However, robust SWE estimates are observationally challenging, in part because SWE can vary abruptly over short distances in complex terrain due to interactions between topography and meteorological processes. In spring 2013, we measured snow accumulation on several glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska using both ground‐ and helicopter‐based ground‐penetrating radar surveys, complemented by extensive ground truth observations. We found that SWE can be highly variable (40% difference) over short spatial scales (tens to hundreds of meters), especially in the ablation zone where the underlying ice surfaces are typically rough. Elevation provides the dominant basin‐scale influence on SWE, with gradients ranging from 115 to 400 mm/100 m. Regionally, total accumulation and the accumulation gradient are strongly controlled by a glacier's distance from the coastal moisture source. Multiple linear regressions, used to calculate distributed SWE fields, show that robust results require adequate sampling of the true distribution of multiple terrain parameters. Final SWE estimates (comparable to winter balances) show reasonable agreement with both the Parameter‐elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model climate data set (9–36% difference) and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Benchmark Glaciers (6–36% difference). All the glaciers in our study exhibit substantial sensitivity to changing snow‐rain fractions, regardless of their location in a coastal or continental climate. While process‐based SWE projections remain elusive, the collection of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR)‐derived data sets provides a greatly enhanced perspective on the spatial distribution of SWE and will pave the way for future work that may eventually allow such projections.
Space weather conditions during the Galaxy 15 spacecraft anomaly
Authors: Loto'aniu T. M. , Singer H. J. , Rodriguez J. V. , Green J. , Denig W. , Biesecker D. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOn 5 April 2010, the Galaxy 15 spacecraft, orbiting at geosynchronous altitudes, experienced an anomaly near local midnight when it stopped responding to any ground commands. The anomaly has been reported as due to a lockup of the field‐programmable gate array within the spacecraft baseband communications unit during an onboard electrostatic discharge (ESD). This study evaluates the space weather conditions at the time of the Galaxy 15 anomaly. The study also compares the plasma and geomagnetic environments around the anomaly to space weather observations over the operational lifetime of Galaxy 15 up to the anomaly time. On 5 April, the Galaxy 15 spacecraft encountered severe plasma conditions while it was in eclipse and during the subsequent anomaly interval. These conditions included a massive magnetic field dipolarization that injected energetic particles from the magnetotail during a substorm observed by GOES and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites. Galaxy 15 was located at a near‐optimum position and local time to experience the full impact of the injected energetic particles. During the largest previous storm experienced by Galaxy 15 in December 2006, evidence suggests that it would not have been exposed to the same level of space weather as on 5 April 2010. Hence, while Galaxy 15 was traversing the nightside on 5 April, it likely experienced, for a short period, the most severe local plasma conditions it had encountered since launch. The most likely contributions to the ESD were interactions of the spacecraft with substorm‐injected energetic particles facilitating spacecraft surface charging and deep dielectric charging.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2014
Authors: Montanari Alberto , Bahr Jean , Blöschl Günter , Cai Ximing , Mackay D. Scott , Michalak Anna , Rajaram Harihar , Sander Graham 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring 2014 Water Resources Research benefited from the voluntary effort of 2103 reviewers. Their constructive and professional effort was instrumental for publishing high‐quality contributions thereby supporting the development of our knowledge of water resources. The contribution of the reviewers is instrumental to science for reaching the target of benefiting humanity. Editors and Associate Editors of Water Resources Research are grateful to the reviewers for their talented, unselfish, and continuous support to the journal.
Correlates of sports practice, occupational and leisure‐time physical activity in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Silva Danilo R.P. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Ohara David , Collings Paul J. , Souza Mariana F. , Tomeleri Crisieli M. , Ronque Enio R.V. , Sardinha Luís B. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral and biological factors in Brazilian adolescents.Methods1,220 adolescents (55.1% female) aged between 10 and 16 years‐old participated in this study. The Baecke questionnaire was used to evaluate different PA domains, namely occupational, sports and leisure‐time. Socioeconomic status, number of siblings, friendships satisfaction, mother's and father's PA level and previous experience with sports were self‐reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness, waist circumference, and somatic maturity were estimated by objective indicators. Linear regression was used for the main statistical analysis.ResultsThe variables consistently related to all of the PA domains were gender (boys more active), friendship satisfaction (positive with sports and leisure‐time PA and negative with occupational PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (positive). There were also domain‐specific relationships for occupational (number of siblings [β = 0.02] and father's PA [β = 0.13]), sport practice (previous experience with sports [β = 0.33], waist circumference [β = 0.01] and somatic maturity [β = −0.12]) and leisure‐time PA (chronological age [β = −0.15], mother's PA [β = 0.47] and previous experience with sports [β = 0.17]).ConclusionsThe different domains of PA are related to specific variables in adolescence. This information may be helpful in formulating strategies for physical activity promotion, particularly in adolescents from low‐to‐middle income countries. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:112–117, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Styrene Aziridination by Iron(IV) Nitrides
Authors: Muñoz Salvador B. , Lee Wei‐Tsung , Dickie Diane A. , Scepaniak Jeremiah J. , Subedi Deepak , Pink Maren , Johnson Michael D. , Smith Jeremy M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThermolysis of the iron(IV) nitride complex [PhB(tBuIm)3FeN] with styrene leads to formation of the high‐spin iron(II) aziridino complex [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe‐N(CH2CHPh)]. Similar aziridination occurs with both electron‐rich and electron‐poor styrenes, while bulky styrenes hinder the reaction. The aziridino complex [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe‐N(CH2CHPh)] acts as a nitride synthon, reacting with electron‐poor styrenes to generate their corresponding aziridino complexes, that is, aziridine cross‐metathesis. Reaction of [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe‐N(CH2CHPh)] with Me3SiCl releases the N‐functionalized aziridine Me3SiN(CH2CHPh) while simultaneously generating [PhB(tBuIm)3FeCl]. This closes a synthetic cycle for styrene azirdination by a nitride complex. While the less hindered iron(IV) nitride complex [PhB(MesIm)3FeN] reacts with styrenes below room temperature, only bulky styrenes lead to tractable aziridino products.
A Methoxydiphenylamine‐Substituted Carbazole Twin Derivative: An Efficient Hole‐Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gratia Paul , Magomedov Artiom , Malinauskas Tadas , Daskeviciene Maryte , Abate Antonio , Ahmad Shahzada , Grätzel Michael , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe small‐molecule‐based hole‐transporting material methoxydiphenylamine‐substituted carbazole was synthesized and incorporated into a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell, which displayed a power conversion efficiency of 16.91 %, the second highest conversion efficiency after that of Spiro‐OMeTAD. The investigated hole‐transporting material was synthesized in two steps from commercially available and relatively inexpensive starting reagents. Various electro‐optical measurements (UV/Vis, IV, thin‐film conductivity, hole mobility, DSC, TGA, ionization potential) have been carried out to characterize the new hole‐transporting material.
Asymmetric γ‐Allylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes by Combined Organocatalysis and Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Næsborg Line , Halskov Kim Søholm , Tur Fernando , Mønsted Sofie M. N. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe first asymmetric regio‐ and diastereodivergent γ‐allylation of cyclic α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes based on combined organocatalysis and transition‐metal catalysis is disclosed. By combining an aminocatalyst with an iridium catalyst, both diastereomers of branched allylated products can be achieved in moderate to good yields and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities. Furthermore, by replacing the iridium catalyst with a palladium catalyst, the linear allylated products are formed in good yields and excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The developed method thus provides selective access to all six isomers of the γ‐allylated product in a divergent fashion by choosing the appropriate combination of organocatalyst, transition‐metal catalyst, and ligand.
A Solution‐Processable Donor–Acceptor Compound Containing Boron(III) Centers for Small‐Molecule‐Based High‐Performance Ternary Electronic Memory Devices
Authors: Poon Chun‐Ting , Wu Di , Lam Wai Han , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel small‐molecule boron(III)‐containing donor–acceptor compound has been synthesized and employed in the fabrication of solution‐processable electronic resistive memory devices. High ternary memory performances with low turn‐on (VTh1=2.0 V) and distinct threshold voltages (VTh2=3.3 V), small reading bias (1.0 V), and long retention time (>104 seconds) with a large ON/OFF ratio of each state (current ratio of “OFF”, “ON1”, and “ON2”=1:103:106) have been demonstrated, suggestive of its potential application in high‐density data storage. The present design strategy provides new insight in the future design of memory devices with multi‐level transition states.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption Affinity in a NbO‐type MOF Constructed from a Low‐Cost Diisophthalate Ligand with a Piperazine‐Ring Bridge
Authors: Mu Qian , Wang Haiyan , Li Liangjun , Wang Chao , Wang Ying , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA metal–organic framework (NPC‐6) with an NbO topology based on a piperazine ring‐bridged diisophthalate ligand was synthesized and characterized. The incorporated piperazine group leads to an enhanced adsorption affinity for CO2 in NPC‐6, in which the CO2 uptake is 4.83 mmol g−1 at 293 K and 1 bar, ranking among the top values of CO2 uptake on MOF materials. At 0.15 bar and 293 K, the NPC‐6 adsorbs 1.07 mmol g−1 of CO2, which is about 55.1 % higher than that of the analogue MOF NOTT‐101 under the same conditions. The enhanced CO2 uptake combined with comparable uptakes for CH4 and N2 leads to much higher selectivities for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 gas mixtures on NPC‐6 than on NOTT‐101. Furthermore, an N‐alkylation is used in the synthesis of the PDIA ligand, leading to a much lower cost compared with that in the synthesis of ligands in the NOTT series, as the former does not require a palladium‐based catalyst and borate esters. Thus, we conclude that NPC‐6 is a promising candidate for CO2 capture applications.