bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling-and-Completions-Applications Portfolio Management—Changes and Trends
Authors: Sawaryn S. J. , Crawford S.. , Whiteley N.. , Donohoe L.. , Reed D.. , ElWaraky R.. 
Published: September 2015

Summary
A drilling-and-completions-applications portfolio and its associated support services require constant attention if the portfolio is to remain up-to-date in both engineering and information technology (IT) terms and continue to serve the needs of the drilling-and-completions engineering community. Over time, this management effort has become more involved and complex as the number of available applications has increased and the technologies have changed. The trend toward tighter integration and data sharing between drilling-and-completions applications and with other disciplines applications such as subsurface, places data management at the heart of the response. For large organizations, in particular, keeping up with the new releases and patches can be a challenge, and the need for backwards compatibility is paramount. Data issues and the poor connectivity associated with physical remoteness and some nonrig-based units also can impede the change out to other systems. Special attention is required for applications that are designated safety-critical or safety-related.
This paper describes the way in which a major operator has defined and managed its drilling-and-completion portfolio during the last 20 years, to address the internal and industry changes and trends. The portfolio now serves the needs of more than 2,000 drilling-and-completions engineers worldwide. A wide range of examples, including the operator's WellAdvisor system, engineering toolkit, and wells/subsurface integration project, is presented, together with an evaluation of the portfolio-management challenges and successes that were achieved.
It is concluded that integration requires the consistent application of strong data-management principles and a commitment to an underlying architecture to support simplification, reducing the number and complexity of the interfaces that one must manage. However, some flexibility is needed to promote the development of, and access to, new applications, and the concept of niche applications was introduced to address technical specialist's needs. Some applications that are either company-specific or are needed only in special circumstances do not lend themselves to being commercial products, and these tools are provided by custom-built, Web-based applications. The recent focus on real-time data, quality of service, and digital security is merely the latest change that has had to be accommodated.
Despite the apparent rate at which technical and commercial changes are occurring, this paper's content illustrates the need to consider the portfolio-management issues over long cycle times. This paper will be of interest to both business and IT managers and engineers tasked with managing drilling, completions, and subsurface applications portfolios.
Innovative Conical Diamond Element Bits Drill Back-to-Back Tight Curves in One Run, Improving Economics While Reducing Risk in Avalon Shale Play, New Mexico
Authors: Hempton Ryan , Copeland Chance , Cox Greg , Faught Jason , Blackman Wesley , Prewitt Eric , McDonough Scott , White Allen 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An operator challenged drillbit providers to deliver fixed cutter bits that could drill high-dogleg curves and improve ROP in the Avalon shale play in Lea County, New Mexico. The heavily interbedded lithology is unpredictable and contains thick sections of limestone in some areas. The challenging transitional nature of the formations has caused major difficulties in achieving the planned 12°/100-ft build rate with conventional PDC bits and has resulted in slow ROP and potential reliability issues with roller cone hybrid bits. The operator wanted to maximize ROP and increase build rates to kick off the curve deeper in the lithology column to land the borehole in the precise location and to increase reservoir exposure in the lateral.
The service provider proposed using an 8¾-in conical diamond element (CDE) bit to achieve the high doglegs at a fast ROP, using a holistic design and simulation software to optimize the placement of the CDEs across the bit face based on the application and directional drilling objectives. The CDE's unique conical shape enables it to drill with significantly less torque compared with conventional PDC cutters. This reduces reactive torque fluctuations with the CDE bit when drilling directionally, enabling higher build rates with better toolface control to stay on target with fewer adjustments by the directional driller and to complete the curve in less time.
The new CDE bit would be part of an integrated drilling system designed to produce a tight curve and position the wellbore to increase reservoir contact. The bit would be coupled with a positive displacement motor with a high-performance power section purposely designed for directional drilling.
The first CDE bit drilled the curve in one run with an overall ROP of 30.2 ft/h, 39% faster than the average roller cone hybrid offsets (26 runs). This was the first time a fixed-cutter bit has completed the curve in New Mexico's Avalon play in one run on a conventional assembly with this operator. The curve was completed in only 944 ft, with a build rate of 12°/100 ft, achieving the tight geometry required by the operator to land early in the reservoir. Since the CDE bit has no moving parts like previous roller cone-hybrid benchmark bits, any risks associated with costly fishing trips due to lost cones were eliminated. Based on the success of the initial run, the operator elected to run another CDE bit on the next well. This bit matched the performance of the first CDE bit, drilling the curve in one run with an overall ROP of 30.1 ft/h, completing the curve in 947 ft. The runs confirmed that the CDE bit can consistently deliver the required build rate at above average ROP with fewer reliability concerns compared with the roller cone-hybrids used in offset wells.
Prevalence and underlying causes of histologic abnormalities in cats suspected to have chronic small bowel disease: 300 cases (2008–2013)
Authors: Norsworthy Gary D. , Estep J. Scot , Hollinger Charlotte , Steiner Jörg M. , Lavallee Jennifer Olson , Gassler Loren N. , Restine Lisa M. , Kiupel Matti 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To determine prevalence of histologic abnormalities in cats suspected, on the basis of compatible clinical signs and ultrasonographic findings, to have chronic small bowel disease; identify the most common underlying causes in affected cats; and compare methods for differentiating among the various causes of chronic small bowel disease.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—300 client-owned domestic cats suspected to have chronic small bowel disease.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to identify cats evaluated because of chronic vomiting, chronic small bowel diarrhea, or weight loss that also had ultrasonographic evidence of thickening of the small intestine. Cats were included in the study if full-thickness biopsy specimens had been obtained from ≥ 3 locations of the small intestine by means of laparotomy and biopsy specimens had been examined by means of histologic evaluation and, when necessary to obtain a diagnosis, immunohistochemical analysis and a PCR assay for antigen receptor rearrangement.
Results—Chronic small bowel disease was diagnosed in 288 of the 300 (96%) cats. The most common diagnoses were chronic enteritis (n = 150) and intestinal lymphoma (124).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that a high percentage of cats with clinical signs of chronic small bowel disease and ultrasonographic evidence of thickening of the small intestine had histologic abnormalities. Furthermore, full-thickness biopsy specimens were useful in differentiating between intestinal lymphoma and chronic enteritis, but such differentiation was not possible with ultrasonography or clinicopathologic testing alone.
Transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 542 cases (2001–2012)
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , O'Toole Therese E. , Hamilton Jessie 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—542 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent splenectomy for splenic masses at 2 referral institutions were reviewed. Variables of interest were compared between dogs that did and did not undergo transfusion. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess associations of transfusion with death during hospitalization and with 30- and 180-day survival rates.
Results—Transfusions were administered to 240 of 542 (44%) dogs; packed RBCs were the most frequently administered blood product. On admission, dogs that subsequently received transfusions had higher mean illness severity score, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood lactate concentration, and prothrombin time, with lower mean PCV, platelet count, serum total solids and albumin concentrations, and base deficit than dogs that did not receive transfusions. Hemoperitoneum and malignancy, especially hemangiosarcoma, were more common in the transfusion group. Overall, 500 of 542 (92%) dogs survived to discharge. Dogs that received transfusions had higher odds of death or euthanasia while hospitalized and lower odds of surviving to 30 or 180 days after hospital discharge than dogs that did not.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evidence of shock, anemia, and hypocoagulability were apparent triggers for the decision to perform blood transfusion in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses and were likely attributable to hemoperitoneum and related hypovolemia. Dogs undergoing transfusion more commonly had malignant disease and had greater odds of poor long-term outcome, compared with dogs that did not undergo transfusion.
OMERACT Filter Evidence Supporting the Measurement of At-work Productivity Loss as an Outcome Measure in Rheumatology Research
Authors: Beaton Dorcas E. , Dyer Sarah , Boonen Annelies , Verstappen Suzanne M.M. , Escorpizo Reuben , Lacaille Diane V. , Bosworth Ailsa , Gignac Monique A.M. , Leong Amye , Purcaru Oana , Leggett Sarah , Hofstetter Cathy , Peterson Ingemar F. , Tang Kenneth , Fautrel Bruno , Bombardier Claire , Tugwell Peter S. 
Published: September 2015

Objective.Indicators of work role functioning (being at work, and being productive while at work) are important outcomes for persons with arthritis. As the worker productivity working group at OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology), we sought to provide an evidence base for consensus on standardized instruments to measure worker productivity [both absenteeism and at-work productivity (presenteeism) as well as critical contextual factors].Methods.Literature reviews and primary studies were done and reported to the OMERACT 12 (2014) meeting to build the OMERACT Filter 2.0 evidence for worker productivity outcome measurement instruments. Contextual factor domains that could have an effect on scores on worker productivity instruments were identified by nominal group techniques, and strength of influence was further assessed by literature review.Results.At OMERACT 9 (2008), we identified 6 candidate measures of absenteeism, which received 94% endorsement at the plenary vote. At OMERACT 11 (2012) we received over the required minimum vote of 70% for endorsement of 2 at-work productivity loss measures. During OMERACT 12 (2014), out of 4 measures of at-work productivity loss, 3 (1 global; 2 multiitem) received support as having passed the OMERACT Filter with over 70% of the plenary vote. In addition, 3 contextual factor domains received a 95% vote to explore their validity as core contextual factors: nature of work, work accommodation, and workplace support.Conclusion.Our current recommendations for at-work productivity loss measures are: WALS (Workplace Activity Limitations Scale), WLQ PDmod (Work Limitations Questionnaire with modified physical demands scale), WAI (Work Ability Index), WPS (Arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey), and WPAI (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire). Our future research focus will shift to confirming core contextual factors to consider in the measurement of worker productivity.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Adiponectin and Associations with Muscle Deficits, Disease Characteristics, and Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Von Feldt Joan Marie , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Kim Woojin , Taratuta Elena , Leonard Mary B. 
Published: September 2015

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with low muscle mass and density. The objective of our study was to evaluate associations between 2 serum biomarkers [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin] and skeletal muscle in RA.Methods.Whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; kg/m2) and total fat mass index (kg/m2), as well as the peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures of the lower leg muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA; cm2) and muscle density (an index of fat infiltration) were obtained from 50 participants with RA, ages 18–70 years. Multivariable linear regression analyses evaluated associations between body composition and levels of adiponectin and IGF-1, adjusted for age, sex, and adiposity.Results.Greater age was associated with higher adiponectin (p = 0.06) and lower IGF-1 (p = 0.004). Eight subjects had IGF-1 levels below the reference range for their age and sex. These subjects had significantly lower ALMI and muscle CSA in multivariable models. Lower IGF-1 levels were associated with greater clinical disease activity and severity, as well as low ALMI, muscle CSA, and muscle density (defined as 1 SD below normative mean). After adjusting for age and sex, greater adiponectin levels were associated with lower BMI (p = 0.02) as well as lower ALMI, and lower muscle CSA, independent of adiposity (p < 0.05). Only greater Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were significantly associated with lower adiponectin levels.Conclusion.Low IGF-1 and greater adiponectin levels are associated with lower muscle mass in RA. Lower IGF-1 levels were seen in subjects with greater disease activity and severity.
Caracterización de las estructuras diamétricas de los bosques naturales del noroeste de Durango, México
Authors: Corral-Rivas Sacramento , Álvarez-González Juan G. , Corral-Rivas José J. , López-Sánchez Carlos A. 
Published: September 2015

La distribución diamétrica de 44 parcelas permanentes (coníferas y latifoliadas) se modeló a través de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad (FDP) Weibull de tres parámetros y SB Johnson, en el municipio de Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. Para ello, se emplearon cuatro métodos de ajuste de parámetros: máxima verosimilitud, momentos, regresión no lineal por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y percentiles. El mejor método de ajuste para las especies de coníferas y latifoliadas fue el método de momentos. En el modelado de la FDP Weibull se asumió que el parámetro de localización (e) corresponde al diámetro mínimo inventariable de la distribución. El parámetro de escala (λ) se modeló con el procedimiento de predicción de parámetros a través de un modelo de regresión lineal simple que relaciona γ con el diámetro cuadrático medio y la altura dominante del rodal. Finalmente, el parámetro de forma (γ) fue recuperado indirectamente por el método de momentos a través de la predicción del diámetro medio del rodal. De acuerdo con la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (P = 0.05), 71 % de las parcelas del grupo de especies de coníferas y 68 % de las parcelas del grupo de latifoliadas provienen de una población que sigue la función de distribución ajustada.
Modelos no lineales de efectos mixtos para predecir relaciones entre altura total y diámetro de árboles de haya oriental en Kestel, Turquía
Authors: Ercanli Ilker 
Published: September 2015

Modelos estadísticos no lineales de efectos mixtos se utilizaron para predecir las relaciones entre la altura total y el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) en rodales de árboles de haya oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) en Kestel, Bursa, al noroeste de Turquía. Un total de 124 parcelas de muestreo se seleccionaron para representar la calidad de sitio, edad y densidad de rodal. Nueve modelos no lineales generalizados de altura-diámetro se ajustaron y evaluaron con base en el criterio de información de Akaike, el criterio de información bayesiana de Schwarz, la raíz del cuadrado medio del error (RMSE por sus siglas en inglés), el sesgo absoluto y el coeficiente de determinación ajustado (R2adj). El modelo no lineal de Schnute se seleccionó como el mejor modelo predictivo. El modelo de altura-diámetro basado en el enfoque del modelo no lineal de efectos mixtos representó 90.6 % de la varianza total en las relaciones de altura-diámetro y los valores de RMSE de 1.48 m. Varios escenarios que difieren en el diseño de muestreo y el tamaño de los árboles submuestra, seleccionados del conjunto de datos de validación, revelaron que cuatro árboles submuestra seleccionados al azar produjeron los mejores resultados predictivos (reducción de 43.3 % de la suma de errores cuadrados, 98.4 % del sesgo absoluto y 36.9 % de la RMSE) en relación con las predicciones de los efectos fijos.
“The road from Mandalay to Wigan is a long one and the reasons for taking it aren’t immediately clear”: A World-System Biography of George Orwell
Authors: McQuade Brendan 
Published: September 2015

George Orwell is one the best known and highly regarded writers of the twentieth century. In his adjective form—Orwellian—he has become a “Sartrean ‘singular universal,’ an individual whose “singular” experiences express the “universal” character of a historical moment. Orwell is a literary representation of the unease felt in the disenchanted, alienated, anomic world of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This towering cultural legacy obscures a more complex and interesting legacy. This world-system biography explains his contemporary relevance by retracing the road from Mandalay to Wigan that transformed Eric Blair, a disappointing-Etonian-turned-imperial-policeman, into George Orwell, a contradictory and complex socialist and, later, literary icon. Orwell’s contradictory class position—between both ruling class and working class and nation and empire—and resultantly tense relationship to nationalism, empire, and the Left makes his work a particularly powerful exposition of the tension between comsopolitianism and radicalism, between the abstract concerns of intellectuals and the complex demands of local political action. Viewed in full, Orwell represents the “traumatic kernel” of our age of cynicism: the historic failure and inability of the left to find a revolutionary path forward between the “timid reformism” of social democrats and “comfortable martyrdom” of anachronistic and self-satisfied radicals.
Effects of aerosol sources and chemical compositions on cloud drop sizes and glaciation temperatures
Authors: Zipori Assaf , Rosenfeld Daniel , Tirosh Ofir , Teutsch Nadya , Erel Yigal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effect of aerosols on cloud properties, such as its droplet sizes and its glaciation temperatures, depends on their compositions and concentrations. In order to examine these effects, we collected rain samples in northern Israel during five winters (2008–2011 and 2013) and determined their chemical composition, which was later used to identify the aerosols' sources. By combining the chemical data with satellite‐retrieved cloud properties, we linked the aerosol types, sources, and concentrations with the cloud glaciation temperatures (Tg). The presence of dust increased Tg from −26°C to −12°C already at relatively low dust concentrations. This result is in agreement with the conventional wisdom that desert dust serves as good ice nuclei (INs). With higher dust concentrations, Tg saturated at −12°C, even though cloud droplet sizes decreased as a result of the cloud condensation nucleating (CCN) activity of the dust. Marine air masses also encouraged freezing, but in this case, freezing was enhanced by the larger cloud droplet sizes in the air masses (caused by low CCN concentrations) and not by IN concentrations or by aerosol type. An increased fraction of anthropogenic aerosols in marine air masses caused a decrease in Tg, indicating that these aerosols served as poor IN. Anthropogenic aerosols reduced cloud droplet sizes, which further decreased Tg. Our results could be useful in climate models for aerosol‐cloud interactions, as we investigated the effects of aerosols of different sources on cloud properties. Such parameterization can simplify these models substantially.
Synthese von Cyclobutanen und Cyclobutenen: katalytische enantioselektive [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen
Authors: Xu Yao , Conner Michael L. , Brown M. Kevin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclobutane und Cyclobutene sind wichtige Strukturmotive, die in zahlreichen biologisch bedeutenden Verbindungen vorkommen, und nützliche Zwischenstufen in der chemischen Synthese. Entsprechend haben sich [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen zur Synthese von Cyclobutanen und Cyclobutenen als besonders nützliche Umwandlungen erwiesen. In den letzten 10 Jahren ist die Zahl der Publikationen zu katalytischen enantioselektiven [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen gestiegen. Diese Reaktionen machen eine Vielzahl zuvor nicht erhältlicher enantiomerenangereicherter chemischer Verbindungen zugänglich. In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird über die Fortschritte bei katalytischen enantioselektiven [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen für die Synthese von Cyclobutanen und Cyclobutenen berichtet.
Effiziente photochemische Verfahren für die räumlich aufgelöste Oberflächenfunktionalisierung
Authors: Delaittre Guillaume , Goldmann Anja S. , Mueller Jan O. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMaterialgrenzflächen – mit einem Gas, einer Flüssigkeit oder einem weiteren Feststoff – sind von enormer Bedeutung für moderne Anwendungsbereiche. Wechselwirkungen an diesen Grenzflächen lassen sich außer durch die Topologie typischerweise auch durch gezieltes Einstellen der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Materialoberfläche kontrollieren. Im Hinblick auf Gebiete wie Nanowissenschaften oder Biologie ist es besonders wünschenswert, Oberflächen mit heterogen verteilten Eigenschaften zu erzeugen. Mehr noch als Mikro‐ und Nanodruckmethoden ist die Photostrukturierung insbesondere aufgrund ihrer Vielseitigkeit oft die Methode der Wahl für hochpräzise Funktionalisierungen. In letzter Zeit fand eine Reihe neuer oder wiederentdeckter photochemischer Verfahren Anwendung für die präzise Oberflächenfunktionalisierung, mit dem Ziel, die Effizienz und Auflösung zu erhöhen und zugleich die benötigte Energie zu reduzieren. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Zusammenfassung der neuesten Methoden vorgestellt, wobei die von uns erforschten Verfahren im Mittelpunkt stehen.