bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Domino Synthesis of Complex Angular Naphthoimidazoles
Authors: Guedes Gema , López‐Rodríguez Matías , Ravelo Angel G. , Estévez‐Braun Ana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeveral disubstituted angular naphthoimidazoles have been synthesized by a new domino reaction from (1,4‐dimethoxynaphthalen‐2‐yl)amine (1) and imines (obtained from 1 and aromatic aldehydes) in the presence of Sc(OTf)3. A plausible pathway for the reaction involves attack of the nucleophilic amine on the imine and further reaction of the resulting intermediate by intramolecular cyclization with loss of a methoxy group and subsequent oxidation to yield the final naphthoimidazole. These naphthoimidazoles were also obtained in lower yields from aromatic aldehydes, Sc(OTf)3 and 2 equiv. of 1 through an ABB′ domino process. Post‐condensation transformations allowed direct access to several derivatives.
Application of singular spectrum analysis to identify the degrading structure using deteriorating distributed element model
Authors: Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Li Jung‐Huan , Chao Shu‐Hsien 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTReinforced concrete structure may exhibit significant inelastic hysteretic behavior when subject to strong earthquake excitation. To investigate such an inelastic behavior, in this study, a new system identification technique is applied by using the deteriorating distributed element (DDE) model to simulate the hysteretic behavior of a degrading structure. Through the advanced signal processing technique, the multiple singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and the nonlinear SSA, the recorded inelastic restoring force of a deteriorating structure can be decomposed into several independent additive components in its sequentially degrading order and with decreasing weight. With each decomposed hysteresis loop, the model parameters of the DDE model are identified. The evolutionary properties of the progressive stiffness degradation behavior of reinforced concrete structure can be observed from the identified model parameters. Finally, comparison on the physical properties of the identified DDE model with respect to the seismic response data of the deteriorating structure is also discussed. The result shows that the proposed identification technique can have a good estimation on the seismic behavior of the degrading structure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage‐dependent vulnerability curves for existing buildings
Authors: Polese Maria , Di Ludovico Marco , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYSeismic behavior of damaged buildings may be expressed as a function of their REsidual Capacity (REC), which is a measure of seismic capacity, reduced by damage. REC can be interpreted as the median value of collapse vulnerability curves. Its variation owing to damage is a useful indication of increased building vulnerability. REC reduction, indicating the lowering of seismic safety after an earthquake (performance loss, PL), represents an effective index for assessing the need of seismic repair/strengthening after earthquakes. The study investigates the applicability of a pushover‐based method in the analysis of damaged structures for the case of existing under‐designed RC buildings. The paper presents a systematization of the procedure in an assessment framework that applies the capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra; furthermore, the vulnerability variation of a real building is investigated with a detailed case study. The behavior of damaged buildings is simulated with pushover analysis through suitable modification of plastic hinges (in terms of stiffness, strength and residual drift) for damaged elements. The modification of plastic hinges has been calibrated in tests on nonconforming columns. The case study analysis evidenced that, for minor or moderate damages, the original structural displacement capacity was only slightly influenced, but the ductility capacity was significantly reduced (up to 40%) because of the increased structure deformability. This implied performance loss in the range 10%–20%. For severe damages the PL ranged between 41% and 56%. Local mechanism types exhibit PL nearly double with respect to global mechanism types. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method to carry out shape optimization with a large number of design variables
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Diwakar Anant , Attree Sandeep Kumar , Mittal Sanjay 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYA new method for shape optimization with relatively large number of design variables is proposed. It is well known that gradient‐based methods converge to a local optimum. As a result, utilization of a richer design space does not necessarily lead to a better design. This is demonstrated via the design of an airfoil for maximum lift for Re = 1000 and α = 4° flow. The airfoil is represented by fourth‐order non‐uniform rational B‐splines, and the control points are used as design variables. Starting with a NACA0012 airfoil, it is found that the optimal airfoil obtained with 13 control points has far superior aerodynamic performance than the ones obtained with 39 and 61 control points. For effective utilization of a richer design space, it is proposed that the number of design variables be increased gradually. The method is demonstrated by designing high lift airfoils for Re = 1000 and 1 × 104. The objective function is the maximization of the time‐averaged lift coefficient for α = 4°. The optimization cycle with 27 control points is initiated with the optimal airfoil obtained with 13 control points. The process is continued with gradual increase in the number of design variables. Beyond a certain number of control points, the optimization leads to a spontaneous appearance of corrugations on the upper surface of the airfoil. The corrugations are responsible for the generation of small vortices that add to the suction on the upper surface of the airfoil and lead to enhanced lift. A stabilized finite element method is used to solve the unsteady flow and adjoint equations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelins reciprocally regulate VEGF‐A and angiopoietin‐1 production in cultured rat astrocytes: Implications on astrocytic proliferation
Authors: Koyama Yutaka , Maebara Yuko , Hayashi Mio , Nagae Ryuji , Tokuyama Shogo , Michinaga Shotaro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins (ANGs) are involved in pathophysiological responses in damaged nerve tissues. Astrocytes produce VEGFs and ANGs upon brain ischemia and traumatic injury. To clarify the extracellular signals regulating VEGF and ANG production, effects of endothelins (ETs), a family of endothelium‐derived peptides, were examined in cultured rat astrocytes. ET‐1 (100 nM) and Ala1,3,11,15‐ET‐1 (100 nM), an ETB receptor agonist, increased VEGF‐A mRNA levels in cultured astrocytes, while ANG‐1 mRNA was decreased by ETs. ET‐1 did not affect astrocytic VEGF‐B, placental growth factor (PLGF), and ANG‐2 mRNA levels. The effects of ET‐1 on VEGF‐A and ANG‐1 mRNAs were inhibited by BQ788, an ETB antagonist. Release of VEGF‐A proteins from cultured astrocytes was increased by ET‐1. In contrast, ET‐1 reduced release of astrocytic ANG‐1. Exogenous ET‐1 (100 nM) and VEGF165 (100 ng/mL), an isopeptide of VEGF‐A, stimulated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cultured astrocytes. Treatment with ET‐1 and VEGF165 increased the numbers of cyclin D1‐positive astrocytes. Exogenous ANG‐1 (250 ng/mL) did not stimulate the BrdU incorporation. Increases in BrdU incorporation by ET‐1 and VEGF165 were not affected by ANG‐1. In 60–70% confluent cultures, SU4312 (10 μM), a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, partially reduced the effects of ET‐1 on BrdU incorporation and cyclin D1 expression. ET‐induced BrdU incorporation and cyclin D1 expression were reduced by a neutralizing antibody against VEGF‐A. Our findings suggest that ET‐1 is a factor regulating astrocytic VEGF‐A and ANG‐1, and that increased VEGF‐A production potentiates ET‐induced astrocytic proliferation by an autocrine mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease of donor origin, following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
Authors: Piccin Andrea , Morello Enrico , Svaldi Mirija , Haferlach Torsten , Facchetti Fabio , Negri Giovanni , Vecchiato Cinzia , Fisogni Simona , Pusceddu Irene , Cortelazzo Sergio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an extremely rare condition that originates from dendritic cells. We report on the first case of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐driven post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) of donor origin in a BPDC patient post‐allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Flow cytometry study identified a cell population CD4+/CD56+/CD45RA+/CD123+/TCL1+ suggestive of BPDCN diagnosis, which was confirmed by a lymph node biopsy (cells positive for BCL11a, BDCA‐2, CD2AP, CD123, TCL1 and S100). Cytogenetic analysis revealed a complex karyotype: (19 metaphase) 47,XX,t(1;6)(q21;q2?5),‐13 + 2mar[11]/47, XX, +21 [3]/46,XX [5]. The patient was started on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) induction schedule, and subsequently an allogeneic HSCT was performed. On day +36 post‐HSCT, bone marrow biopsy/aspirate showed complete morphological remission, and chimerism study showed 100% donor chimera. However, on day +37, the patient was found to have enlarged cervical and supraclavicular lymphoadenopathy, splenomegaly and raised lactic dehydrogenase. EBV‐DNA copies in blood were elevated, consistent with a lytic cycle. A lymph node biopsy showed EBV encoded RNA and large atypical B cells (CD45dim−, CD4+/CD56+, monoclonal for k‐chain, CD19+/CD20+/CD21+/CD22+/CD38+/CD43+/CD79β−/CD5−/CD10−), consistent with PTLD monomorphic type. Chimerism study showed that PTLD was of donor origin. This case together with the recent literature findings on BPDCN and PTLD are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of switching to risperidone after unsuccessful treatment with aripiprazole on plasma monoamine metabolites level in the treatment of acute schizophrenia
Authors: Miura Itaru , Takeuchi Satoshi , Katsumi Akihiko , Kanno Keiko , Watanabe Kenya , Mashiko Hirobumi , Niwa Shin‐Ichi 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveIn the treatment of acute schizophrenia, risperidone and aripiprazole are both placed the first line antipsychotics. These two antipsychotics have different pharmacological effects. We investigated the effects of risperidone on plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3‐methoxy‐4hydroxyphenylglycol after unsuccessful aripiprazole treatment in acute schizophrenia.MethodsTen Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia were enrolled to this study. Plasma levels of monoamine metabolites were analyzed with high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.ResultsRisperidone improved the symptoms and 4 of 10 patients were responders. Risperidone showed a tendency to decrease plasma HVA (pHVA) levels in responders (p = 0.068), but not in non‐responders (p = 1.0). At baseline, pHVA levels of responders were significantly higher than that of non‐responders (p = 0.033). A trend for negative correlation was found between pHVA at baseline and the changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale‐Total (p = 0.061, r = −0.61).ConclusionOur results suggest that high pHVA level before switching may predict good response to the second line antipsychotics after unsuccessful first antipsychotic treatment. If aripiprazole is not effective in acute schizophrenia, switching to risperidone may be effective and reasonable strategy for improving symptoms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of potential mercury policies: The impact of stream basin characteristics on susceptible populations
Authors: Chan Caroline , Jacobs Robert R 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Human exposure to Hg through fish consumption from local waterways is an ongoing concern to regulatory decision makers. Previously described population exposure and bioaccumulation models were combined to analyze the impact of potential policies on susceptible populations. The combined model simulated the problem of Hg exposure by examining the system from the point of Hg in the water column to its concentration in population biomarkers. Evaluated policy scenarios included the protectiveness of fish consumption advisories, total maximum daily load changes, and watershed management strategies. Simulations indicated that the characteristics of a basin combined with the unique pattern of intake rates of susceptible populations determine the risk associated with fish consumption from a given waterway. Each population had a unique pattern of biomarker response to changes in fish tissue Hg. Management strategies that lowered bioaccumulation rates also reduced ecosystem services. Reducing fish tissue contamination through reductions in Hg loading to watersheds is a long-term solution. For the short-term, fish consumption advisories should be used to protect populations from adverse exposures. The combination of characteristics of the basin and the populations that fish from the waterway should be the determinant for setting advisories. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 124–133. © 2012 SETAC
Accumulated state of the Yukon River watershed: Part I critical review of literature
Authors: Dubé Monique G , Muldoon Breda , Wilson Julie , Maracle Karonhiakta'tie Bryan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A consistent methodology for assessing the accumulating effects of natural and manmade change on riverine systems has not been developed for a whole host of reasons including a lack of data, disagreement over core elements to consider, and complexity. Accumulated state assessments of aquatic systems is an integral component of watershed cumulative effects assessment. The Yukon River is the largest free flowing river in the world and is the fourth largest drainage basin in North America, draining 855 000 km2 in Canada and the United States. Because of its remote location, it is considered pristine but little is known about its cumulative state. This review identified 7 “hot spot” areas in the Yukon River Basin including Lake Laberge, Yukon River at Dawson City, the Charley and Yukon River confluence, Porcupine and Yukon River confluence, Yukon River at the Dalton Highway Bridge, Tolovana River near Tolovana, and Tanana River at Fairbanks. Climate change, natural stressors, and anthropogenic stresses have resulted in accumulating changes including measurable levels of contaminants in surface waters and fish tissues, fish and human disease, changes in surface hydrology, as well as shifts in biogeochemical loads. This article is the first integrated accumulated state assessment for the Yukon River basin based on a literature review. It is the first part of a 2-part series. The second article (Dubé et al. 2013a, this issue) is a quantitative accumulated state assessment of the Yukon River Basin where hot spots and hot moments are assessed outside of a “normal” range of variability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:426–438. © 2012 SETAC
Characterization of nerve growth factor‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in rats
Authors: Mills C.D. , Nguyen T. , Tanga F.Y. , Zhong C. , Gauvin D.M. , Mikusa J. , Gomez E.J. , Salyers A.K. , Bannon A.W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundInjection of nerve growth factor (NGF) produces mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in rodents and humans. Treatment with sequestering antibodies demonstrates the importance of NGF in various pain states, with efficacy seen in a number of animal pain models and in painful human conditions. However, these phenomena have not been evaluated in the context of using NGF‐induced hypersensitivities as a model of pain.MethodsNGF‐induced behaviours were characterized using von Frey filament, pinprick and thermal endpoints and then pharmacologically evaluated with known reference agents.ResultsIntraplantar NGF injection produced a dose‐dependent increase in thermal sensitivity that lasted through 24 h post‐injection and an immediate long‐lasting (2 week) increase in mechanical sensitivity at the injection site, with no effects detected at secondary sites. NGF‐induced mechanical sensitivity was pharmacologically characterized at 4 h and 1 week post‐NGF injection. The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), celecoxib and diclofenac, were minimally effective against both thermal and mechanical endpoints. Gabapenitn and duloxetine were only moderately effective against thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Morphine was effective against thermal and mechanical endpoints at every time point examined. Treatment with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist A‐784168 partially attenuated NGF‐induced thermal and mechanical sensitivity at all time points examined.ConclusionsThe results reported here suggest that effects of NGF on thermal and mechanical sensitivity in rats are similar to those reported in human and are partially driven by TRPV1. The rat NGF model may serve as a potential translational model for exploring the effects of novel analgesic agents.
Modulation of pain by emotional sounds: A laser‐evoked potential study
Authors: Stancak A. , Ward H. , Fallon N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown increases in experimental pain during induction of a negative emotion with visual stimuli, verbal statements or unpleasant odours. The goal of the present study was to analyse the spatio‐temporal activation patterns underlying pain augmentation during negative emotional sounds.MethodsNegative (e.g., crying), positive (e.g., laughter) and neutral (e.g., distant traffic) sound samples of 4 s duration were presented while noxious laser stimuli were administered to the dorsum of the right hand in 16 healthy participants. The electroencephalographic laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) were modelled using six equivalent source dipoles located in the left and right fronto‐opercular/anterior‐insular cortex, left parietal operculum, left primary somatosensory cortex, medial parietal cortex and left medial temporal cortex.ResultsNegative emotional sounds were associated with stronger pain than neutral or positive sounds. The source activity in the left medial temporal cortex, purportedly involving hippocampal formation, in the epoch 294–330 ms was greater during negative than neutral or positive sounds. In the left fronto‐opercular/anterior‐insular cortex, negative sounds failed to show the positive potential component at around 260 ms that was observed during positive and especially during neutral sounds.ConclusionsResults suggest increased input of pain‐related information into the hippocampal formation when listening to negative emotional sounds, which may in turn facilitate temporal binding between representations of noxious and other behaviourally relevant stimuli, and perhaps associative learning. Absence of the positive potential component fronto‐opercular/anterior‐insular cortex during negative sounds points to a slow attentional disengagement from pain and increased awareness of the painful stimulus.
Digital holographic microtomography for high‐resolution refractive index mapping of live cells
Authors: Su Jing‐Wei , Hsu Wei‐Chen , Chou Cheng‐Ying , Chang Chen‐Hao , Sung Kung‐Bin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuantification of three‐dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) with sub‐cellular resolution is achieved by digital holographic microtomography (DHμT) using quantitative phase images measured at multiple illumination angles. The DHμT system achieves sensitive and fast phase measurements based on iterative phase extraction algorithm and asynchronous phase shifting interferometry without any phase monitoring or active control mechanism. A reconstruction algorithm, optical diffraction tomography with projection on convex sets and total variation minimization, is implemented to substantially reduce the number of angular scattered fields needed for reconstruction without sacrificing the accuracy and quality of the reconstructed 3D RI distribution. Tomogram of a living CA9‐22 cell is presented to demonstrate the performance of the method. Further, a statistical analysis of the average RI of the nucleoli, the nucleus excluding the nucleoli and the cytoplasm of twenty CA9‐22 cells is performed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Consistent scheme for computing standard hydrogen electrode and redox potentials
Authors: Matsui Toru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Okumura Mitsutaka , Shigeta Yasuteru , Sakaki Shigeyoshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) potential in aqueous solution was evaluated with new computational procedure that provides the Gibbs energy of a proton in aqueous solution from the experimental pKa value and the Gibbs energy change by deprotonation reactions of several neutral alcohol molecules. With our computational scheme, the CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVDZ method provides the SHE potential of 4.52 V, which is almost the same as the experimental SHE potential. This scheme also reproduces well the redox potentials of several typical reactions within almost 0.1 V. B3LYP also gives excellent redox potentials of the same reactions with almost the same accuracy with our new computational scheme. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Titanium(IV) Complexes of Unsymmetrical Schiff Bases Derived from Ethylenediamine and o‐Hydroxyaldehyde/Ketone and Their Anti‐microbial Evaluation
Authors: Nasir Uddin Mohammad , Chowdhury D. A. , Hossain Kamrul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe titanium(IV) complexes of the unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands (L) of ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde, o‐hydroxyacetophenone, o‐hydroxynapthaldehyde have been prepared and characterized when unsymmetrical ligands are synthesized through in situ partial displacement of the symmetrical bis‐Schiff bases. Compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, (Infra‐red) IR, 1H NMR spectral data, magnetic susceptibility measurement and molar conductance and eight coordinated geometry of the complexes was proposed. The complexes have been found to posses 1:2:1 (M:L:B) stoichiometry (B is the secondary ligand). The bio‐efficacy of the prepared complexes has been examined against the growth of bacteria and fungi in vitro to evaluate their anti‐microbial potential.