bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of personalised medicine at the micro-, meso- and macro-regional levels
Authors: Stefanicka - Wojtas D , Kurpas D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background/Introduction
Personalised Medicine (PM) involves tailoring treatment to a patient's characteristics, needs and preferences. It classifies patients based on their disease risk or response to treatment using diagnostic markers and aims to improve treatment control, precision and disease prediction. An organised approach is crucial for the integration of PM into European healthcare systems in order to shape the future of health and social care. PM's dynamic evolution, which takes into account individual factors in disease progression and drug efficacy, allows for more accurate and tailored care. Despite its emergence, the economic focus on specific interventions has neglected a comprehensive theoretical framework, potentially hindering the progress of PM in clinical practise. [1]

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of innovative interventions and to identify best practises that are applicable across European countries and support the implementation of e-health, m-health and PM interventions at micro-, meso- and macro-regional levels. The research was funded and carried out as part of the international Regions4PerMed (H2020) project.

Methods
The methodology of the study consisted of a combination of desk research and qualitative research methods.
Desk research involved analysing existing articles, with a focus on the literature related to barriers and facilitators in e-health and m-health. Following the desk research, a semi-structured questionnaire entitled "Barriers and facilitators of Personalised Medicine implementation - qualitative study under Regions4PerMed (H2020) project" was developed. In addition, three focus groups were organised to explore the topic of the study in greater depth.

Results
The findings on potential support for adapting e-health, m-health and PM to citizens' needs were categorised into different areas of need, including education, funding, dissemination, data protection/data sharing, data analysis, system changes, integrated care policies, cooperation, healthcare providers, physicians, public and patient engagement. The barriers and facilitators were categorised according to the primary stakeholders involved in the implementation challenges.

Conclusion(s)
The implementation of technological solutions improves diagnostic procedures and decision making in health and social care, leading to more precisely tailored treatments, lower costs and shorter treatment durations. PM plays a crucial role in rationalising the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. The overall aim is to break down barriers between healthcare providers such as public authorities and hospitals in order to promote closer collaboration. However, PM faces challenges, including incongruent legislation, bureaucratic procedures and lengthy legislative processes. Obstacles also include the approach to physician education and the lack of social awareness of PM.
Smartwatch a new tool in the assesment of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Pina Astete L , Buelga Suarez M L , Tur Sainz A , Munoz Gomez M I , Rodriguez Sanchez P , Penaranda Romero N , Garcia Montalvo J , Rebolleda Sanchez A , Alonso Salinas G L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Outpatient ECG tracing is getting more important. Therefore, an everyday tool such as the watch has become "smart" (127.5 M units sold in 2021), and its key application is the heart rate measurement through ECG tracing. Some devices are already approved for atrial fibrillation detection.
However, their role in ischemic heart disease (IHD), leading cause of cardiovascular death, has not been appropriately tested.

Objetcive
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of smartwatch ECG registry in IHD.

Methods
We present an observational study of 25 consecutive patients with acute IHD. Conventional ECG and smartwatch tracing were obtained simultaneously at admission. Waves of conventional and smartwatch ECGs were objectively compared. A survey on medical attitude was conducted among 12 physicians (3 cardiologists, 3 intensivists, 3 emergency physicians, and 3 general practitioners) and a score (1–5) of concordance between the records was requested. Figure 1.

Results
There were no differences in Q-wave, Rwave, ST segment, or T-wave. There was a very strong correlation between ST segments, a strong correlation in Q-waves and R-waves, and a moderate correlation in T-wave measurements. All specialists obtained a high level of agreement (4.45 ± 0.45). Smartwatch tracings would lead to similar management compared to conventional ECG. There were only 6 (2%) discrepant cases due to differences in inferior repolarization, showing an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.96).

Conclusions
In most patients with acute IHD, smartwatch ECG tracing is a reliable tool to make the diagnosis and guide appropriate medical care. However, due to their intrinsic limitations, inferior myocardial infarctions may be missed and require a conventional 12-lead ECG to rule them out.
Healthcare professionals' perceptions of digital care in clinical practice for patients with non-cardiac chest pain
Authors: Eriksson-Liebon M , Johansson P , Mourad G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthcare professionals’ attitudes and perceptions of digital care are crucial for successful introduction of a new digital form of treatment in the workplace.

Purpose
This study aimed to describe healthcare professionals’ perceptions of digital care in clinical practice for patients with non-cardiac chest pain.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive study design with individual semi-structured interviews, analyzed using inductive thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke (2006). Study data were collected by individual digital (15) and face-to-face (2) interviews with licensed healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) working in emergency care or cardiology.

Results
The results illustrate healthcare professionals’ perceptions of digital care within clinical settings in emergency and cardiology care for patients with non-cardiac chest pain. Four themes and eleven subthemes were identified. The first theme "New ground to walk on" describes healthcare professionals' experiences of digital care. The second theme: "A challenge to current healthcare system" depicts how digital care was seen as a challenge for the current healthcare system. The third theme: "Digital care has its potential" shows that a majority believed healthcare can gain valuable insights from embracing digital care. The last theme: "Prerequisites for use in clinical practice" describes factors that can facilitate the adoption of digital care in clinical practice.

Conclusions
The findings delineate the diverse knowledge and experiences of healthcare professionals in digital care. The perception of digital care ranged from skepticism to trust, illustrating challenges in implementing digital solutions in clinical care. Healthcare professionals expressed concerns about potential errors, the reliability of digital solutions, and concerns regarding resistance to change among colleagues. Nevertheless, they also recognized benefits and identified several factors that can facilitate the implementation of digital care into clinical practice and expressed cautious trust in digital care.
Nurses experience and perceptions towards video consultations and how affects the relation to the patients
Authors: Sissel Groth S G , Anne Broedsgaard A B , Signe Stelling Risom S S R , Jens Dahlgaard Hove J H , Rosenstroem S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The integration of telehealth services, particularly video consultations, has rapidly expanded in healthcare settings, presenting a paradigm shift in patient care.
The study aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of how ambulatory nurses experience using video consultations. Further, we aimed to explore how video consultations are established and how video consultations affect ambulatory nursing care from the nurse’s perspective.

Method
A hermenutic qualitative focus group approach was employed with nurses from two Danish cardiological outpatient clinics.

Findings
Two focus group interviews provided qualitative insights into the nuanced perspectives of nurses. Findings are presented by three themes 1) ‘Nursing care is a relational practice and must remain so’, 2) ‘Video consultations have both pros and cons and must be used at the right time’ and 3) ‘Missing initiatives that will enable the nurses to use video consultation’. The findings provided an in-depth understanding of factors that can affect the motivation, opportunities, and enablers, which, in their absence, can be used to explain the limited scope of vide

Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of organizational support and infrastructure in shaping nurses' attitudes towards video consultations. Strategies for successful implementation include targeted training programs, user-friendly technology, and clear implementation strategy. Additionally, understanding the contextual factors influencing nurses' attitudes is crucial for tailoring interventions and optimizing the integration of video consultations into routine clinical practice.
Exploring the Unknown: How Can We Improve Single-cell RNAseq Cell Type Annotations in Non-model Organisms?
Authors: Wong Kevin H , Rodriguez Natalia Andrade , Traylor-Knowles Nikki 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is a powerful tool to describe cell types in multicellular organisms across the animal kingdom. In standard scRNAseq analysis pipelines, clusters of cells with similar transcriptional signatures are given cell type labels based on marker genes that infer specialized known characteristics. Since these analyses are designed for model organisms, such as humans and mice, problems arise when attempting to label cell types of distantly related, non-model species that have unique or divergent cell types. Consequently, this leads to limited discovery of novel species-specific cell types and potential mis-annotation of cell types in non-model species while using scRNAseq. To address this problem, we discuss recently published approaches that help annotate scRNAseq clusters for any non-model organism. We first suggest that annotating with an evolutionary context of cell lineages will aid in the discovery of novel cell types and provide a marker-free approach to compare cell types across distantly related species. Secondly, machine learning has greatly improved bioinformatic analyses, so we highlight some open-source programs that use reference-free approaches to annotate cell clusters. Lastly, we propose the use of unannotated genes as potential cell markers for non-model organisms, as many do not have fully annotated genomes and these data are often disregarded. Improving single-cell annotations will aid the discovery of novel cell types and enhance our understanding of non-model organisms at a cellular level. By unifying approaches to annotate cell types in non-model organisms, we can increase the confidence of cell annotation label transfer and the flexibility to discover novel cell types.
Power system differentiation planning based on an improved marine predator algorithm
Authors: Geng Junqi , Li Kaixi , Sun Guowei , Han Guangyang , Sun Xianming , Li Fei , Jiang Xiaodong , Yang Guang , Li Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Effective power system differentiation planning is crucial for enhancing the resilience of power grid infrastructure and bolstering the ability of power systems to manage blackouts. At the heart of power system differentiation planning lies core backbone grid planning. This study involves modeling core backbone grid planning as a multi-objective 0–1 planning problem, which enables the formulation of a multi-objective function that incorporates various factors such as operational and maintenance costs, the significance of nodes and transmission lines, as well as compliance with connectivity and security operation constraints. Moreover, the basic marine predator algorithm was upgraded into a multi-objective optimization algorithm for core backbone grid planning by implementing file management and enhancing the top predator selection mechanism, which managed to fulfill the multi-objective function optimization standards. The results show that in the IEEE 39-node system, the algorithm successfully forms a core backbone grid comprising 22 nodes and 19 transmission lines, achieving economic feasibility with a node-to-line ratio of 1.158. Similarly, for the IEEE 300-node system, the algorithm constructs a larger core backbone grid consisting of 81 nodes and 80 transmission lines, maintaining economic efficiency with a node-to-line ratio of 1.0125. This expanded grid covers a significant number of critical nodes and transmission lines, ensuring optimal network connectivity. Furthermore, the algorithm’s load satisfaction analysis showcases its ability to effectively balance active and reactive power demands, with maximum outputs meeting the respective load demands.
Crepant Resolutions of Stratified Varieties via Gluing
Authors: Kaplan Daniel , Schedler Travis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Let $X$ be a variety with a stratification ${\mathcal{S}}$ into smooth locally closed subvarieties such that $X$ is locally a product along each stratum (e.g., a symplectic singularity). We prove that assigning to each open subset $U \subset X$ the set of isomorphism classes of locally projective crepant resolutions of $U$ defines an ${\mathcal{S}}$-constructible sheaf of sets. Thus, for each stratum $S$ and basepoint $s \in S$, the fundamental group acts on the set of germs of projective crepant resolutions at $s$, leaving invariant the germs extending to the entire stratum. Global locally projective crepant resolutions correspond to compatible such choices for all strata. For example, if the local projective crepant resolutions are unique, they automatically glue uniquely. We give criteria for a locally projective crepant resolution $\rho : \tilde X \to X$ to be globally projective. We show that the sheafification of the presheaf $U \mapsto \operatorname{Pic}(\rho ^{-1}(U)/U)$ of relative Picard classes is also constructible. The resolution is globally projective only if there exist local relatively ample bundles whose classes glue to a global section of this sheaf. The obstruction to lifting this section to a global ample line bundle is encoded by a gerbe on the singularity $X$. We show the gerbes are automatically trivial if $X$ is a symplectic quotient singularity. Our main results hold in the more general setting of partial crepant resolutions, that need not have smooth source. We apply the theory to symmetric powers and Hilbert schemes of surfaces with du Val singularities, finite quotients of tori, multiplicative, and Nakajima quiver varieties, as well as to canonical three-fold singularities.
Exploring the effects of Saorilao-4 on the gut microbiota of pulmonary fibrosis model rats based on 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Song Xinni , Fu Xinyue , Niu Shufang , Wang Peng , Qi Jun , Shi Songli , Chang Hong , Bai Wanfu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and incurable lung disease for which treatment options are limited. Here, we aimed to conduct an exploratory study on the effects of the Mongolian medicine Saorilao-4 (SRL) on the gut microbiota structure, species abundance, and diversity of a rat PF model as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects.

Methods and results
Rat fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Bioinformatic and correlation analyses were performed on microbiota data to determine significant associations. SRL substantially attenuated the adverse effects exerted by PF on the structure and diversity of gut microbiota while regulating its alpha and beta diversities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size enabled the identification of 62 differentially abundant microbial taxa. Gut microbiota abundance analysis revealed that SRL significantly increased the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, SRL increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteriales, decreased the proportion of pathogenic bacteria, such as Rikenellaceae, and balanced the gut microbiota by regulating metabolic pathways.

Conclusions
SRL may attenuate PF by regulating gut microbiota. This exploratory study establishes the groundwork for investigating the metagenomics of PF.
Humanitarian exemptions: illusive progress in safeguarding humanitarian assistance in the international counterterrorism architecture
Authors: Terrey Sofie-Marie , Münichsdorfer Ansgar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Global counterterrorism efforts have had a number of detrimental effects on the work of humanitarian actors in conflict zones. To mitigate these adverse effects and the underlying normative conflict between counterterrorism frameworks and international humanitarian law (IHL), scholars and humanitarian practitioners have been advocating for the introduction of humanitarian exemptions. These are clauses that exempt humanitarian assistance and related conduct from counterterrorism frameworks in order to ensure an unimpeded provision of humanitarian assistance in areas in which entities designated as ‘terrorists’ are active. This article argues that the progress promised by the emergence of these exemptions remains at least partially illusive. The exemptions remain shaped by a security-oriented perspective on humanitarian assistance and are preoccupied with actors. As a result, they are beneficial primarily to the largest and most prominent humanitarian actors established in the Global North while neglecting small and local humanitarian actors in conflict areas. As such, they defy IHL’s deliberate openness regarding the actors providing humanitarian assistance. Moreover, they violate the obligations of non-belligerent states under IHL to allow and facilitate the free passage of relief consignments which equally protects transnational financial support to local humanitarian actors and applies irrespective of the source of that support. We conclude that humanitarian exemptions are detrimental to efforts to ‘localize’ and decolonize the humanitarian sector. Therefore, instead of focusing on humanitarian exemptions as a ‘micro-solution’, advocacy should pursue a more comprehensive critical approach towards the global counterterrorism architecture.
Weapons of the Weak: How African States Counteract Homegrown Jihadi Salafism
Authors: Elischer Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Why has homegrown jihadi Salafism emerged as a major security challenge in some African countries, but not in others? This article draws attention to the organizational playing field in which Islamic activity manifests itself. It argues that states with institutional regulatory mechanisms in the Islamic sphere—state-led national Islamic associations—can counteract jihadi propaganda and recruitment. State-led national associations are organizational entities through which state elites delegate the authority to monitor religious practice to those Islamic leaders who are most accommodating of state authority. Cooperation with local Islamic leaders allows state elites to react to jihadi recruitment and mobilization at an early stage. It further enables state actors to target potential security challenges without alienating their Muslim community. States that fail to create steering capacity in the Islamic sphere instead react to jihadi Salafism with indiscriminate violence, thereby provoking the further radicalization of the Muslim faithful. Using a small to medium-N research design, this article provides empirical evidence supporting this claim from two East African countries and seven additional countries from across the African continent.
Constraints on short gamma-ray burst physics and their host galaxies from systematic radio follow-up campaigns
Authors: Chastain S I , van der Horst A J , Anderson G E , Rhodes L , d’Antonio D , Bell M E , Fender R P , Hancock P J , Horesh A , Kouveliotou C , Mooley K P , Rowlinson A , Vergani S D , Wijers R A M J , Woudt P A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are explosive transients caused by binary mergers of compact objects containing at least one neutron star. Multiwavelength afterglow observations provide constraints on the physical parameters of the jet, its surrounding medium, and the microphysics of the enhanced magnetic fields and accelerated electrons in the blast wave at the front of the jet. The synchrotron radio emission can be tracked for much longer than in other spectral regimes, and it can pin down the evolution of the spectral peak. We present the results of a systematic observing campaign of eight short GRBs with the MeerKAT radio telescope. Additionally, we present observations of four of these short GRBs using the ATCA radio telescope and two of these short GRBs with the e-MERLIN radio telescope. Using these results we report one possible detection of a short GRB afterglow from GRB 230217A and deep upper limits for the rest of our short GRB observations. We use these observations to place constraints on some of the physical parameters, in particular those related to electron acceleration, the circumburst density, and gamma-ray energy efficiency. We discuss how deeper observations with new and upgraded telescopes should be able to determine if the gamma-ray efficiency differs between long and short GRBs. We also report detections of the likely host galaxies for four of the eight GRBs and upper limits for another GRB, increasing the number of detected host galaxies in the radio with implications for the star formation rate in these galaxies.
Bulge+disc decomposition of HFF and CANDELS galaxies: UVJ diagrams and stellar mass–size relations of galaxy components at 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.5
Authors: Nedkova Kalina V , Häußler Boris , Marchesini Danilo , Brammer Gabriel B , Feinstein Adina D , Johnston Evelyn J , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S , Koekemoer Anton M , Martis Nicholas S , Muzzin Adam , Rafelski Marc , Shipley Heath V , Skelton Rosalind E , Stefanon Mauro , van der Wel Arjen , Whitaker Katherine E 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Using deep imaging from the CANDELS and HFF surveys, we present bulge+disc decompositions with galfitm for $\sim$17 000 galaxies over $0.2 \le z\le 1.5$. We use various model parameters to select reliable samples of discs and bulges, and derive their stellar masses using an empirically calibrated relation between mass-to-light ratio and colour. Across our entire redshift range, we show that discs follow stellar mass–size relations that are consistent with those of star-forming galaxies, suggesting that discs primarily evolve via star formation. In contrast, the stellar mass–size relations of bulges are mass-independent. Our novel data set further enables us to separate components into star-forming and quiescent based on their specific star formation rates. We find that both star-forming discs and star-forming bulges lie on stellar mass–size relations that are similar to those of star-forming galaxies, while quiescent discs are typically smaller than star-forming discs and lie on steeper relations, implying distinct evolutionary mechanisms. Similar to quiescent galaxies, quiescent bulges show a flattening in the stellar mass–size relation at $\sim 10^{10}$ M$_\odot$, below which they show little mass dependence. However, their best-fitting relations have lower normalizations, indicating that at a given mass, bulges are smaller than quiescent galaxies. Finally, we obtain rest-frame colours for individual components, showing that bulges typically have redder colours than discs, as expected. We visually derive UVJ criteria to separate star-forming and quiescent components and show that this separation agrees well with component colour. HFF bulge+disc decomposition catalogues used for these analyses are publicly released with this paper.