bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between entheseal changes and physical activity: A multivariate study
Authors: Milella Marco , Cardoso Francisca Alves , Assis Sandra , Lopreno Geneviève Perréard , Speith Nivien 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAnalyses of entheseal changes (EC) in identified skeletal samples employ a common research strategy based on the comparison between occupations grouped on the basis of shared biomechanical and/or social characteristics. Results from this approach are often ambiguous, with some studies that point to differences in EC between occupational samples and others failing to provide evidence of behavioral effects on EC. Here we investigate patterns of EC among documented occupations by means of a multivariate analysis of robusticity scores in nine postcranial entheses from a large (N = 372) contemporary skeletal sample including specimens from one Italian and two Portuguese identified collections. Data on entheseal robusticity, analyzed by pooled sides as well by separated sides and levels of asymmetry, are converted in binary scores and then analyzed through nonlinear principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results of these analyses are then used for the classification of occupations. Differences between occupational classes are tested by MANOVA and pairwise Hotelling's test. Results evidence three classes which separate occupations related to farming, physically demanding but generalized occupation, and physically undemanding occupations, with the more consistent differences between the first and the last classes. Our results are consistent with differences in biomechanical behavior between the occupations included in each class, and point to the physical and social specificity of farming activities. On the other hand, our study exemplifies the usefulness of alternative analytical protocols for the investigation of EC, and the value of research designs devoid of a priori assumptions for the test of biocultural hypotheses. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:215–223, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence that human papillomavirus causes inverted papilloma is sparse
Authors: Justice Jeb M. , Davis Kern M. , Saenz Daniel A. , Lanza Donald C. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundControversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma as it relates to the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this report is to describe the prevalence of HPV in nondysplastic, “early inverted papilloma” and to summarize HPV detection rates in the general population and in other HPV related neoplasia.MethodsThis case series report characterizes consecutive inverted papilloma patients from January 2005 to August 2012 with regard to smoking history, dysplasia, and HPV detection rates. Presence or absence of low/high risk HPV was determined by standardized in situ hybridization DNA probes. Medline literature review was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV in inverted papilloma without moderate or severe dysplasia.ResultsThirty‐six consecutive patients were identified with an average age of 63.6 (range, 40–84) years; gender: 23 men, 13 women. More than half (55%) were active or former smokers (14% active and 41% former). High/low risk HPV was present in 1 in 36 (2.7%) patients and 1 in 36 (2.7%) had mild dysplasia. In the literature review: (1) HPV was detected in 16.4% of inverted papilloma without dysplasia; (2) oral cavity HPV detection was 4.2% to 11.4% in the normal population; and (3) HPV was normally detected in 85% to 95% of HPV‐related neoplasia.ConclusionGiven histological features of inverted papilloma and comparatively low detection rates of HPV in inverted papilloma without dysplasia (2.7%), as well as the summary of the world literature, HPV is not related to the initial pathogenesis of inverted papilloma or inverted papilloma's tendency to persist or recur. It is postulated that since inverted papilloma is more an inflammatory polyp, it is susceptible to secondary HPV infection because of its metaplasia. Tobacco and other causes of respiratory epithelium remodeling are more plausible explanations for the initial tissue transformation to inverted papilloma.
Verapamil modulates interleukin‐5 and interleukin‐6 secretion in organotypic human sinonasal polyp explants
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Kocharyan Armine , Singleton Amy , Han Xue 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundVerapamil is an L‐type calcium channel blocker (CCB) that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in a variety of tissues. The goal of this study was determine whether verapamil is capable of regulating cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyps and to compare this effect to dexamethasone, an established immunosuppressive corticosteroid.MethodsThis was an institutional review board (IRB)‐approved study in sinonasal polyp explants derived from 8 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyps were incubated with dexamethasone or verapamil for 24 hours followed by an additional 24 hours with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Concentrations of secreted cytokines over each exposure period were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and are expressed as a percent. Results were compared using a 2‐tailed Student t test.ResultsThe percent of SEB‐stimulated interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) secretion (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 339.94% ± 315.48%) between the second and first treatment periods was significantly reduced following exposure to dexamethasone (74.08% ± 26.77%, p < 0.05) and verapamil (119.99% ± 69.32%, p < 0.05). The percent of SEB‐stimulated IL‐6 secretion (217.53% ± 89.51%) was also significantly reduced following exposure to verapamil (148.82% ± 79.15%, p < 0.05) but not dexamethasone (148.86% ± 145.24%). Finally, the percent of SEB‐stimulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion (37.86% ± 18.88%) demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward reduction with both dexamethasone (31.15% ± 35.28%) and verapamil (20.14% ± 12.10%).ConclusionAlthough the mechanism has yet to be fully understood, L‐type CCBs are capable of reducing inflammation in multiple tissues. Verapamil was specifically found to reduce airway goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophilic infiltration in a murine asthma model. Our data support these findings suggesting that verapamil can modulate T‐helper cell type 2 (Th2)‐associated cytokine secretion in sinonasal polyp explants. This data points to a possible therapeutic role for CCBs in the management of CRSwNP.
Comparison of positional shift of supraglottic devices resulting from chest compressions: simulation using a manikin and automated chest compression system
Authors: Kitano Manabu , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Fujiwara Shunsuke , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe American Heart Association 2010 Guidelines for Resuscitation suggest the use of supraglottic devices as an alternative to tracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate supraglottic device displacement and the effect of tape fixation by simulation with a manikin and automated chest compression system.MethodsWe placed eight supraglottic devices (ProSeal, i‐gel, Classic, Soft Seal, Fastrack, Supreme, Ambu‐aura‐i, air‐Q) into an advanced life support simulator, and compared no fixation and Durapore tape fixation conditions. After 5 min of automated chest compressions, positional shift of the supraglottic devices was measured. A total of five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out with two‐way repeated measures anova. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPositional shift after 5 min of chest compressions were as follows: ProSeal, 0.68 ± 0.26 cm; i‐gel, 0.50 ± 0.16 cm; Classic, 0.36 ± 0.15 cm; Soft Seal, 0.32 ± 0.08 cm; Fastrack, 0.20 ± 0.07 cm; Supreme, 0.20 ± 0.07 cm; Ambu‐aura‐i, 0.18 ± 0.08 cm; and air‐Q, 0.12 ± 0.04 cm. Positional shift was larger with the ProSeal and i‐gel compared with any of the other six supraglottic devices (P < 0.05). Conversely, positional shift was significantly smaller with the air‐Q than the other supraglottic devices (P < 0.05). Tape fixation reduced positional shift for all supraglottic devices, with a significant reduction observed with ProSeal, i‐gel, Classic, and Soft Seal.ConclusionSimulation analysis revealed that positional shift of air‐Q by chest compressions is smaller than those of seven other supraglottic devices.
Use of a CO2‐switchable hydrophobic associating polymer to enhance viscosity–response
Authors: Lu Hongsheng , Liu Ya , Jiang Jifeng , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA series of copolymers, poly(acrylamide)‐co‐poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(N‐cetyl DMAEMA) (abbreviation PDAMCn), was synthesized with different monomer ratios. The resulting copolymer solution shows pronounced viscosity–response property which is CO2‐triggered and N2‐enabled. Electrical conductivity experiment shows that tertiary amine group on DMAEMA experiences a protonate and deprotonate transition upon CO2 addition and its removal. In addition, different incorporation rates of DMAEMA leads to two kinds of morphological change in the presence of CO2 and thus induces different rheological behaviors. PDAMCn incorporating longer hydrophobic monomer (C18DM) show more pronounced initial viscosity and higher critical stress required to cause network deformation, which consequently enhances the viscosity–response property of the solution. The addition of NaCl could also tune the viscosity of PDAMCn solution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41468.
Synthesis and surface characterization of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s containing pendant fluoroalkyl groups
Authors: Wohl Christopher J. , Foster Leanna L. , Applin Samantha I. , Connell John W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA series of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s were synthesized to explore surface migration of fluorinated alkyl ether blocks (AEFO)s. Mechanical and surface properties of solution cast, thermally imidized films were determined. Incorporation of the AEFO oligomers at loading levels up to 5 wt % resulted in a slight decrease (usually less than 10%) in tensile modulus. Surface migration of the AEFOs raised the advancing water contact angle from approximately 80° to above 95° for the copolymer systems. The composition at which addition of more AEFO further increased water contact angle values was related to the number of fluorine atoms in the perfluorinated side chains. Surface excess concentration of the AEFO at different loading levels was calculated from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. At higher AEFO loading levels, the surface excess concentration was relatively constant suggesting formation of stable structures within the bulk similar to micelle formation in surfactant solutions. Based on these results, it was determined that surface saturation occurred with the fluorinated AEFO species at loading levels as low as 1 wt % engendering changes in surface properties while retaining the bulk imide properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41538.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor δ Promotes the Progression of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Ratneswaran A. , LeBlanc E. A. , Walser E. , Welch I. , Mort J. S. , Borradaile N. , Beier F. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is a serious disease of the entire joint, characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone changes, osteophyte formation, and synovial hyperplasia. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical treatments that can slow the disease progression, resulting in greatly reduced quality of life for patients and the need for joint replacement surgeries in many cases. The lack of available treatments for OA is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote disease initiation and progression. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ) as a promoter of cartilage degeneration in a mouse model of posttraumatic OA.MethodsMouse chondrocytes and knee explants were treated with a pharmacologic agonist of PPARδ (GW501516) to evaluate changes in gene expression, histologic features, and matrix glycosaminoglycan breakdown. In vivo, PPARδ was specifically deleted from the cartilage of mice. Histopathologic scoring according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) system and immunohistochemical analysis were used to compare mutant and control mice subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM).ResultsIn vitro, PPARδ activation by GW501516 resulted in increased expression of several proteases in chondrocytes, as well as aggrecan degradation and glycosaminoglycan release in knee joint explants. In vivo, cartilage‐specific PPARδ–knockout mice did not display any abnormalities of skeletal development but showed marked protection in the DMM model of posttraumatic OA (as compared to control littermates). OARSI scoring and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed strong protection of mutant mice from DMM‐induced cartilage degeneration.ConclusionThese data demonstrate a catabolic role of endogenous PPARδ in posttraumatic OA and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of PPARδ is a promising therapeutic strategy.
The Prevalence of Child Maltreatment across the Globe: Review of a Series of Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Stoltenborgh Marije , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Alink Lenneke R. A. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: October 2014

In this review, we combine and compare the results of a series of meta‐analyses on the prevalence of child sexual, physical and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect, including 244 publications and 551 prevalence rates for the various types of maltreatment. Child maltreatment research seems to be dominated by research on sexual abuse, studies in developed parts of the world and research using self‐report measures. The overall estimated prevalence rates for self‐report studies (mainly assessing maltreatment ever during childhood) were 127/1000 for sexual abuse (76/1000 among boys and 180/1000 among girls), 226/1000 for physical abuse, 363/1000 for emotional abuse, 163/1000 for physical neglect and 184/1000 for emotional neglect. The overall estimated prevalence rates for studies using informants (mainly assessing the 1‐year prevalence of maltreatment) were four per 1000 for sexual abuse and three per 1000, respectively, for physical abuse and emotional abuse. We conclude that child maltreatment is a widespread, global phenomenon affecting the lives of millions of children all over the world, which is in sharp contrast with the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages:

Child maltreatment research is dominated by research on sexual abuse.
The prevalence rates for informant studies were lower than for self‐report studies.
The prevalence of child maltreatment is largely similar across the globe.‘Research seems to be dominated by research on sexual abuse, studies in developed parts of the world and research using self‐report measures’
The Search for New Odorants: Synthesis of Animalic Fragrant and Musky/Ambery Compounds
Authors: Plessis Caroline 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn overview of the recent research which allowed us to discover novel animalic odorants is presented. The new derivatives were prepared from readily available starting materials via easy reaction steps in good yields. They possess very different structures, such as bicyclic pentanols, glycolates, or tricyclic ketones, and all show interesting notes in the animalic fragrant family: from costus, leathery to ambery and musky scents, making them all attractive for different purposes.
A Novel Oxy‐Oxonia(Azonia)‐Cope Reaction: Serendipitous Discovery and Its Application to the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Musks
Authors: Zou Yue , Zhou Lijun , Ding Changming , Wang Quanrui , Kraft Philip , Goeke Andreas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis brief review, including new experimental results, is the summary of a talk at the GDCh conference ‘flavors & fragrances 2013’ in Leipzig, Germany, 11th–13th September, 2013. Musk odorants are indispensable in perfumery to lend sensuality to fine fragrances, a nourishing effect to cosmetics, and a comforting feeling to laundry. We have recently found serendipitously a new oxy‐oxonia‐Cope rearrangement. In this account, we review the background of oxonia‐sigmatropic rearrangements and the discovery of this novel reaction. Special attention is focused on the versatile lactone and lactam formation reactions via [n+4] ring enlargement and the macrocyclization in the synthesis of new macrocyclic musks. The synthesized structures provide new insights into the structureodor relationships of musks.
endo/exo Stereoselectivity in DielsAlder Reactions of α,β‐Dialkylated Conjugated Enals to Cyclic 1,3‐Dienes: Intermediates in the Synthesis of (−)‐β‐Santalol and Its Analogs
Authors: Chapuis Christian , Skuy David , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves , Brauchli Robert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHighly exo‐selective [4+2] cycloadditions of cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene 2a to α,β‐dialkyl conjugated enals 5 are compared with the analogous endo‐favored DielsAlder reaction of cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene 7. The exo‐stereoselectivity is lower in the homologous case of methylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene 9. This diastereoselectivity is discussed either in terms of a retro‐homo‐DielsAlder reaction, associated with thermodynamic control, or with respect to either a competing hetero‐DielsAlder/Claisen or Cope domino pathway, or retro‐Claisen/retro‐hetero‐DielsAlder of the endo‐homo‐cycloadducts. These hypothetical mechanisms have been examined by DFT calculations at the MPW1K(CH2Cl2)/6‐31+G** level of theory for the AlCl3‐mediated cycloadditions of 5d to 2a and 7. Application of Corey's methodology to the γ‐halogeno‐α‐methyl‐substituted dienophiles 5a and 5b allowed an enantioselective preparation of known and useful intermediates for the synthesis of either the naturally occurring (−)‐β‐santalol or its potentially olfactive structural analogs.
Recent Results in the Search for New Molecules with Ambergris Odor
Authors: Panten Johannes , Surburg Horst , Hölscher Bernd 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of new odorant molecules is still a challenging task for the fragrance chemist, because now as ever it is difficult to predict the odor properties of small organic molecules. Therefore, certain tools, such as, e.g., lead‐structure optimization of existing odorants, are helpful techniques. In this article, we describe the synthesis and the odor properties of a new molecule derived by the so‐called ‘seco’ lead‐structure optimization of the ambergris compound Ambroxide®. Based on these results, more representatives with similar structures have been synthesized and evaluated for their olfactory properties.
Coating of Alumina Fibres With Aluminium Phosphate by a Continuous Chemical Vapour Deposition Process
Authors: Stöckel Sabine , Ebert Susann , Böttcher Maike , Seifert Andreas , Wamser Thomas , Krenkel Walter , Schulze Steffen , Hietschold Michael , Gnaegi Helmut , Goedel Werner A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe developed aluminium phosphate‐coated alumina fibres with significantly improved pull‐out properties, which may be suitable for reinforcing advanced inorganic composites qualified for operating temperatures up to 1200 °C. Aluminium phosphate layers are generated on the surface of alumina fibres using a continuous chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process: At furnace temperatures between 850 °C and 1050 °C, within a tube reactor heated by an electrical furnace, the alumina fibres are exposed to gas mixtures of phosphoryl trichloride and oxygen, inducing dense aluminium phosphate layers on the fibre surface. Mini‐composites were prepared by embedding the coated fibres into an alumina matrix.
Recommendations on practice of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) testing
Authors: Yarnitsky D. , Bouhassira D. , Drewes A.M. , Fillingim R.B. , Granot M. , Hansson P. , Landau R. , Marchand S. , Matre D. , Nilsen K.B. , Stubhaug A. , Treede R.D. , Wilder‐Smith O.H.G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProtocols for testing conditioned pain modulation (CPM) vary between different labs/clinics. In order to promote research and clinical application of this tool, we summarize the recommendations of interested researchers consensus meeting regarding the practice of CPM and report of its results.
Torsion design implications from shake‐table responses of an RC low‐rise building model having irregularities at the ground story
Authors: Lee Han Seon , Hwang Kyung Ran 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA 1:5 scale five‐story RC building model having the irregularities of a soft/weak story and torsion at the ground story was subjected to a series of earthquake simulation tests. The test results reveal the following: The eccentricity varied from zero to infinity with the values of base shear and torque bounded by some limits. As the intensity of table excitations increased, representing earthquakes with return periods from 50 to 2500 years in Korea, the range of eccentricities at the peak values in the time histories of drift and base shear decreased from approximately ±30% to within ±10% of the transverse dimension of the model. The inertial torque was resisted by both longitudinal and transverse frames, in proportion to their instantaneous rigidity. Yielding of the longitudinal frames under severe table excitations caused a substantial loss in their instantaneous torsional resistance and thereby transferred most of the large torque to the transverse frames, resulting in a significantly degraded torsional stiffness with an enlarged torsional deformation despite almost zero eccentricity. From these observations, it is clear that the eccentricity in itself cannot represent the critical torsional behaviors. To overcome this problem, the demand in torque shall be determined in a direct relationship with the base or story shear, given as an ellipse constructed with the maximum points in its principal axes located by the two adjacent torsion‐dominant modal spectral values. This approach provides a simple but transparent design tool by enabling comparison between demand and supply in shear force–torque diagrams. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The displacement coefficient method in near‐source conditions
Authors: Baltzopoulos Georgios , Chioccarelli Eugenio , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe use of nonlinear static procedures for performance‐based seismic design (PBSD) and assessment is a well‐established practice, which has found its way into modern codes for quite some time. On the other hand, near‐source (NS) ground motions are receiving increasing attention, because they can carry seismic demand systematically different and larger than that of the so‐called ordinary records. This is due to phenomena such as rupture forward directivity (FD), which can lead to distinct pulses appearing in the velocity time‐history of the ground motion. The framework necessary for taking FD into account in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has recently been established. The objective of the present study is to discuss the extension of nonlinear static procedures, specifically the displacement coefficient method (DCM), with respect to the inelastic demand associated with FD. In this context, a methodology is presented for the implementation of the DCM toward estimating NS seismic demand, by making use of the results of NS‐PSHA and a semi‐empirical equation for NS‐FD inelastic displacement ratio. An illustrative application of the DCM, with explicit inclusion of NS‐pulse‐like effects, is given for a set of typical plane R/C frames designed under Eurocode provisions. Different scenarios are considered in the application and nonlinear dynamic analysis results are obtained and discussed with respect to the static procedure estimates. Conclusions drawn from the results may help to assess the importance of incorporating NS effects in PBSD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.