bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High relapse rate of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults treated with Hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy in Sweden
Authors: Kozlowski Piotr , Åström Maria , Ahlberg Lucia , Bernell Per , Hulegårdh Erik , Hägglund Hans , Karlsson Karin , Markuszewska‐Kuczymska Alicja , Tomaszewska‐Toporska Beata , Smedmyr Bengt , Amini Rose‐Marie , Hallböök Helene ,   the Swedish Adult ALL Group
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundHyper‐CVAD is widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and aggressive lymphomas. This multicenter, population‐based study assessed the efficacy of Hyper‐CVAD as first‐line therapy in patients with T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL).Patients and methodsBetween October 2002 and September 2006, 24 patients were diagnosed with T‐ALL in Sweden; 19 were eligible for treatment with the protocol.ResultsThe median age was 32 yr (range 18–72 yr). Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 17 of 19 (89%) patients, and the treatment was relatively well tolerated. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was recommended in high‐risk disease and was performed in four patients upfront. Two‐ and 5‐yr leukemia‐free survivals (LFS) in 17 patients with CR achievement were identical, at 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8–51). Two‐ and 5‐yr overall survival (OS) in whole cohort was 63% (95% CI: 42–85) and 47% (95% CI: 26–69), respectively. The 5‐yr LFS for 15 patients who did not receive allogeneic SCT upfront were 20% (95% CI: 0–40), although 14 of 15 completed the protocol (eight cycles). Relapse occurred in 2 of 4 upfront‐transplanted patients and in 12 of 15 patients treated with chemotherapy alone, six of whom received allogeneic SCT in CR2. Age ≥35 yr influenced OS negatively in univariate analysis (HR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.55–16.7).ConclusionsHyper‐CVAD treatment resulted in a high CR rate and appeared safe, but it showed poor efficacy at preventing relapse. Therefore, this treatment is no longer recommended for adults with T‐ALL in Sweden.
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations confer an adverse effect in patients with acute myeloid leukemia lacking the NPM1 mutation
Authors: Yamaguchi Shunichiro , Iwanaga Eisaku , Tokunaga Kenji , Nanri Tomoko , Shimomura Taizo , Suzushima Hitoshi , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Asou Norio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examined the incidence and prognostic effect of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 233 Japanese adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). IDH1 R132 mutations were detected in 20 (8.6%) patients with AML. IDH2 mutations were found in 19 (8.2%, 17 R140 and two R172) patients. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were mutually exclusive and were associated with normal karyotype AML, cytogenetic intermediate‐risk group, and NPM1 mutations. Five‐year overall survival (OS) rates were significantly lower (15.6%) in patients harboring the IDH mutations than in patients lacking the IDH mutation (32.0%) in the entire cohort of AML (P = 0.005). Among patients aged 59 yr or younger with IDH mutations, 5‐yr OS in patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was significantly higher than that in those not receiving allogeneic SCT (50% vs. 10.6%, P = 0.020). Of 51 patients with NPM1 mutations, there was no significant difference in 5‐yr OS rates between patients with and those without the IDH mutations. In contrast, among 175 patients lacking the NPM1 mutations, 5‐yr OS rate in patients with IDH mutations was significantly lower than that in those without IDH mutations (0% vs. 34.7%, P = <0.001). These data suggest that IDH mutations have an unfavorable effect in AML, especially AML with the NPM1 wild type and younger AML patients with IDH mutations may benefit from allogeneic SCT.
Effect of electric toothbrush on residents' oral hygiene: a randomized clinical trial in nursing homes
Authors: Fjeld Katrine G. , Mowe Morten , Eide Hilde , Willumsen Tiril 
Published: January 2014

A single‐blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed to investigate the effect of electric toothbrushes (ET) compared with manual toothbrushes (MT) on residents in nursing homes and to evaluate the caregiver's opinion on ET. A sample of 180 nursing‐home residents were given either a new ET or a new MT. Oral examinations were performed to measure dental hygiene, using the Oral Hygiene Index‐Simplified (OHI‐S). Both groups received the same instructions for use. After 2 months participants were re‐examined. Questionnaires were then sent to their caregivers. Participants' mean age was 86.1 ± 7.7 yr, and the mean number of remaining teeth was 20 ± 5.6. No specific intervention effect was found for ET. Both groups showed identical improvements in the OHI‐S, from 1.27 ± 0.63 at baseline (the mean value for all participants) to 1.01 ± 0.53 after 2 months. Of 152 caregivers who responded to the questionnaire, the majority evaluated ET to be beneficial and less time‐consuming compared with MT, also for demented residents. In a frail population, no difference is found in the effect of ET compared with MT. However, the ET appears to be a useful aid for residents who receive assistance with dental hygiene.
Thermodynamic characterization of proton‐ionizable functional groups on the cell surfaces of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea
Authors: Gorman‐Lewis D. , Martens‐Habbena W. , Stahl D. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1 (strain SCM1), a representative of the Thaumarchaeota archaeal phylum, can sustain high specific rates of ammonia oxidation at ammonia concentrations too low to sustain metabolism by ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). One structural and biochemical difference between N. maritimus and AOB that might be related to the oligotrophic adaptation of strain SCM1 is the cell surface. A proteinaceous surface layer (S‐layer) comprises the outermost boundary of the strain SCM1 cell envelope, as opposed to the lipopolysaccharide coat of Gram‐negative AOB. In this work, we compared the surface reactivities of two archaea having an S‐layer (strain SCM1 and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius) with those of four representative AOB (Nitrosospira briensis, Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosolobus multiformis, and Nitrosococcus oceani) using potentiometric and calorimetric titrations to evaluate differences in proton‐ionizable surface sites. Strain SCM1 and S. acidocaldarius have a wider range of proton buffering (approximately pH 10–3.5) than the AOB (approximately pH 10–4), under the conditions investigated. Thermodynamic parameters describing proton‐ionizable sites (acidity constants, enthalpies, and entropies of protonation) are consistent with these archaea having proton‐ionizable amino acid side chains containing carboxyl, imidazole, thiol, hydroxyl, and amine functional groups. Phosphorous‐bearing acidic functional groups, which might also be present, could be masked by imidazole and thiol functional groups. Parameters for the AOB are consistent with surface structures containing anionic oxygen ligands (carboxyl‐ and phosphorous‐bearing acidic functional groups), thiols, and amines. In addition, our results showed that strain SCM1 has more reactive surface sites than the AOB and a high concentration of sites consistent with aspartic and/or glutamic acid. Because these alternative boundary layers mediate interaction with the local external environment, these data provide the basis for further comparisons of the thermodynamic behavior of surface reactivity toward essential nutrients.
Aerobic exercise increases phosphate removal during hemodialysis: A controlled trial
Authors: Orcy Rafael , Antunes Maria Fernanda , Schiller Tamires , Seus Thamires , Böhlke Maristela 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that exercise during hemodialysis (HD) could increase the efficacy of solute removal, although this hypothesis has not been conclusively evaluated. The goal of this study was to compare the removal of low‐molecular weight solutes between HD sessions, with and without aerobic exercise. It was a controlled clinical trial, including HD patients in a randomly cross‐over design, such that each patient received a HD session with exercise (intervention) and the next one without exercise (control), three times each. In the exercise sessions, patients pedaled on a cycle ergometer for 60 minutes. The total mass of removed urea, potassium, creatinine, and phosphate were calculated from the solutes concentration in dialysate (continuous spent sampling of dialysate). This was evaluated in a total of 132 HD sessions of patients with a mean age of 54 ± 15 years, 75% male and HD vintage of 3 (2–13) years. Phosphate removal in dialysate during intervention sessions was significantly higher (5.6 [2.5–18.9] vs. 5.1 [1.5–11.2] mg/min) than during control sessions, P = 0.04. The median mass of phosphate removed during control HD session was 1226 (367.8–2697.2) vs. 1348.6 (613.0–4536.2) mg/session during intervention sessions. The exercise did not modify the removal of urea (control 122.6 [61.3–286.0] vs. exercise 112.4 [51.1–250.3] mg/min, P = 0.44), creatinine (control 5.6 [2.5–13.8] vs. exercise 5.6 [2.5–12.8] mg/min, P = 0.49), or potassium (control 13.3 [11.2–15.8] vs. exercise 13.8 [6.6–15.8] mEq/min, P = 0.49). Aerobic exercise during HD increases the efficacy of phosphate removal, without changing urea, creatinine and potassium removal. The implications of this finding in mineral and bone disease and cardiovascular disease need to be evaluated on future clinical trials.
A diagnostic immunohistochemical panel for yolk sac (primitive endodermal) tumours based on an immunohistochemical comparison with the human yolk sac
Authors: Nogales Francisco F , Quiñonez Enoe , López‐Marín Laura , Dulcey Isabel , Preda Ovidiu 
Published: January 2014

AimsTo establish a diagnostic immunohistochemical panel for various histotypes of yolk sac (primitive endodermal) tumours (YSTs) by comparison with the human yolk sac (HYS) immunophenotype.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five YSTs showing either classical patterns (CPs) of histology (microcystic/reticular, n = 14; polyvesicular, n = 1; and hepatoid, n = 1) or somatic glandular patterns (SGPs; n = 9) were analysed for expression of α‐fetoprotein (AFP), glypican‐3 (GPC3), villin, hepatocyte paraffin‐1 (HepPar‐1), CDX2, SALL4 and LIN28. AFP expression was constantly heterogeneous in CPs but tended to be focal/absent in SGPs. GPC3 was diffuse in CPs but heterogeneous (seven cases) or focal/absent (two cases) in SGPs. HepPar‐1 expression was focal in all but three cases (diffuse in one CP‐hepatoid and two SGPs). CDX2 positivity was focal in CPs but heterogeneous (seven cases) or diffuse (two cases) in SGPs. Villin, SALL4 and LIN28 were diffusely positive in nearly all cases.ConclusionsCPs reproduce the immunophenotype of HYS and early endoderm with variable expression of both AFP and markers of early gut or hepatic differentiation. SGPs with intestinal differentiation often have incomplete immunophenotypes. A differential diagnosis panel, including both markers of pluripotentiality (SALL4 and/or LIN28) and endoderm (AFP, GPC3 and villin), is proposed. It identifies overlapping multidifferentiation of primitive and somatic immunophenotypes, supporting the recently proposed term of primitive endodermal tumours.
Odonata origins, biogeography, and diversification in an Eastern North American hotspot: multiple pathways to high temperate forest insect diversity
Authors: Corser Jeffrey D. , White Erin L. , Schlesinger Matthew D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

We assessed the origins and historical biogeography of a rich regional odonate fauna in New York State (NYS), Northeastern United States.

We computed North American (NA) range centres and NYS range margins and reviewed the taxonomic literature to provide a useful phylogenetic framework for the fauna. We analysed results from a newly completed Odonata atlas using generalised linear anova models to assess the effects of species' origins and zoogeographic affinities on relative frequency and extinction risk metrics.

Phylogenetic reconstruction based on taxonomic nomenclature revealed different patterns of diversification. Zygoptera in NYS is mainly of neotropical origin ˜ 60 Ma displaying a pattern of tropical conservatism, but with a burst recent of Plio–Pleistocene speciation in certain groups. Alternatively, Anisoptera contains crown group endemic taxa and other very old lineages from the Mesozoic era before the breakup of Pangaea, highlighting the evolutionary significance of the Appalachian Mountains as an important global centre of temperate forest freshwater diversity.

These high regional levels of odonate diversity have been brought about by at least three different mechanisms: dependence on forests, predominance of non‐ecological speciation mechanisms, and niche conservatism across hundreds of millions of generations.

NYS lies at a crossroads of both ancient and more recent Odonata evolution comprising separate boreal, temperate, and tropical faunas. Those species encountered less frequently and having higher overall extinction risk metrics generally tended to be the boreal species on the rear edge of their range, a widespread phenomenon for the insects of many regions generally attributed to ongoing climate change.
Methodology of the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy – Magnesium (FAST-MAG) Phase 3 Trial: Part 2 – Prehospital Study Methods
Authors: Saver Jeffrey L. , Starkman Sidney , Eckstein Marc , Stratton Samuel , Pratt Frank , Hamilton Scott , Conwit Robin , Liebeskind David S. , Sung Gene , Sanossian Nerses ,   for the FAST-MAG Investigators and Coordinators
Published: January 2014

Rationale In acute stroke, the volume of salvageable brain tissue is maximal at onset and declines rapidly with time. Prehospital start of clinical trial interventions would enable delivery of neuroprotective agents, such as magnesium sulfate, to stroke patients in the hyperacute period when they are potentially most effective. Aims A broad aim of the FAST-MAG study is to develop and validate techniques to perform pivotal trials of neuroprotective therapies for acute stroke in the prehospital setting. In tandem with an accompanying general trial design article, this manuscript provides a detailed overview of several novel prehospital study methods employed in the NIH FAST-MAG Trial. Design Multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, pivotal clinical trial. Special Prehospital Procedures Distinctive prehospital methods deployed in FAST-MAG include: identifying likely stroke patients using the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen; eliciting explicit informed consent from patients or on scene legally authorized representatives via cellphone discussion with off-scene physicians; paramedic rating of pretreatment stroke severity using the Los Angeles Motor Scale; assigning patients to a study arm using blinded, pre-encounter randomization; facilitating continuity of study infusion from the field to the ED by stocking ambulances with study kits including both field and hospital doses; and electronic fax consent signature documentation by geographically separated subjects and enrolling physicians. Discussion The suite of prehospital trial methods developed for the FAST-MAG Trial enable enrollment of patients in very early time windows, including the hyperacute, ‘golden hour’ period immediately after stroke onset.
Do Poor Rural Households Produce Less Grain than Non‐poor Rural Households
Authors: Ma Ling , Liu Xiaoyun , Xin Xian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChina's poor rural households produce substantially less grain compared with non‐poor rural households. The present paper applies a decomposition approach and uses China's rural household survey data to investigate the causes of this grain output gap. The paper first compares the grain output gap between poor and non‐poor rural households, and then decomposes the gap into differences in yield and area sown. The results indicate that the gap in grain output mainly results from differences in the amount of inputs used in production. Differences in the number of labor days and the level of intermediate inputs account for 13.6 and 47.5 percent of the gap, respectively. Poor rural households are also less efficient in their use of intermediate inputs, which contributes to 13.2 percent of the gap. However, the efficiency of poor households' labor days reduces the gap by 7.2 percent, while agricultural physical capital, household head education and agricultural training have no substantial impact on the household grain output gap.
Vertical Spillover Effects of Multinationals on Chinese Domestic Firms via Supplier–Customer Relationships
Authors: Lin Faqin , Zhang Chao , Wang Lin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm‐level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier–customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state‐owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications: while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.
Development in China's Foreign Trade: 2003–2012
Authors: Lai Pingyao , Li Qingru 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChina's foreign trade has entered a new stage, marked by some profound changes since 2003. After 5 years' consecutive high growth, China's foreign trade experienced a significant slowdown in growth following the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. The purpose of this article is to present a review of the development in China's foreign trade over the past 10 years, and to explore important changes that have taken place during this period of time. A major finding of the present paper is that the traditional forces driving the high export growth in China, that is, low‐cost labor, low‐cost resources and low‐cost money, have been disappearing. The policy implication is that over the next 10–15 years, the most important conditions for sustaining high export growth will be promoting the development and export of private enterprises in traditional heavy industries and high‐technology industries, and relying on technological progress and high productivity to propel export expansion.
Emerging Impact of Chinese Commodity Futures Market on Domestic and Global Economy
Authors: Tu Zhiyong , Song Min , Zhang Liang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper we construct a set of indices that capture the special features of the Chinese commodity futures market for the period from January 2000 to December 2011 to analyze the general properties of China's commodity futures market. Using these indices we investigate the risk premiums of Chinese commodity futures and verify that the commodity futures can act as an effective diversification tool for Chinese asset management. It is found that the commodity futures can hedge both expected and unexpected inflation in China, and agricultural commodity futures are found to signal inflation 2 months beforehand. Finally, we explore the relationship between Chinese and US commodity futures markets in the years 2000 and 2010, and find that their interactions strengthen over time. Our research reveals an increasingly important role of the Chinese commodity futures market in both the domestic and the global economy. Some policy changes are suggested in response to this trend.
Impact of maternal diet on neonatal anthropometry: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Donnelly J. M. , Walsh J. M. , Byrne J. , Molloy E. J. , McAuliffe F. M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveLarge for gestational age infants are at increased risk of childhood obesity and maternal nutrition impacts birthweight. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on neonatal anthropometry.MethodsThe ROLO (Randomised Control Trial of Low Glycaemic Index Diet in Pregnancy) study was a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a low GI diet versus usual diet on birthweight. It took place in a tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland and women were randomized to receive either a low GI diet or no dietary intervention from early pregnancy to term. Two hundred sixty‐five neonates had anthropometric measurements on day 1–2 of life, 126 in the intervention group and 139 in the control group. Measurements included birthweight, length and circumferences of the head, chest, abdominal, thigh and mid‐upper arm. A subgroup of 219 (82%) neonates also had skin‐fold measurements.ResultsNeonates whose mothers had a low GI diet in pregnancy had lower thigh circumference (15.9 ± 1.7 cm vs. 16.6 ± 1.5 cm, P = 0.04). There was no difference between the intervention and control groups in head, chest abdominal or mid‐upper arm circumferences. No difference was noted between the two groups for any skin‐fold measurements (subscapular, thigh, biceps and triceps).ConclusionNeonatal thigh circumference was altered by maternal low GI diet in pregnancy. These findings suggest that maternal low GI diet is safe in pregnancy and may positively impact infant adiposity.
Bioeconomic model and selection indices in Aberdeen Angus cattle
Authors: Campos G.S. , Braccini Neto J. , Oaigen R.P. , Cardoso F.F. , Cobuci J.A. , Kern E.L. , Campos L.T. , Bertoli C.D. , McManus C.M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA bioeconomic model was developed to calculate economic values for biological traits in full‐cycle production systems and propose selection indices based on selection criteria used in the Brazilian Aberdeen Angus genetic breeding programme (PROMEBO). To assess the impact of changes in the performance of the traits on the profit of the production system, the initial values ​​of the traits were increased by 1%. The economic values for number of calves weaned (NCW) and slaughter weight (SW) were, respectively, R$ 6.65 and R$ 1.43/cow/year. The selection index at weaning showed a 44.77% emphasis on body weight, 14.24% for conformation, 30.36% for early maturing and 10.63% for muscle development. The eighteen‐month index showed emphasis of 77.61% for body weight, 4.99% for conformation, 11.09% for early maturing, 6.10% for muscle development and 0.22% for scrotal circumference. NCW showed highest economic impact, and SW had important positive effect on the economics of the production system. The selection index proposed can be used by breeders and should contribute to greater profitability.