bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUCCESS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF METHANE FROM GAS HYDRATE DEPOSITS
Authors: Вареничев А. А. , Громова М. П. , Потапов И. И. 
Published: July 2024

Учитывая огромный потенциал газогидратов, многие страны предприняли большие усилия по разведке их месторождений, а главное по разработке технологически приемлемых и коммерчески выгодных проектов по их извлечению. Ведь добытый метан можно использовать непосредственно как топливо, так и как сырье для глубокой переработки. Поэтому в работах по разработке газогидратных залежей приняли активное участие практически все развитые страны: США, Великобритания, страны Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, страны Европы и др.
Given the huge potential of gas hydrates, many countries have made great efforts to explore their deposits, and most importantly, to develop technologically acceptable and commercially viable projects for their extraction. After all, the extracted methane can be used directly as a fuel, and as a raw material for deep processing. Therefore, almost all developed countries took an active part in the development of gas hydrate deposits: the USA, Great Britain, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the countries of Europe, etc.
PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF REMOTE MONITORING OF EARTH COVERS AND WATER SYSTEMS
Authors: Мкртчян Ф.А. 
Published: July 2024

В работе рассматриваются вопросы использования радиофизических методов исследования окружающей среды. Методы дистанционного контроля окружающей среды дают единственную возможность исследовать большие участки поверхности Земли. Дистанционное зондирование земных покровов и акваторий основано на регистрации собственного или отраженного и рассеянного электромагнитных излучений. Основное внимание уделено общим характеристикам дистанционных радиофизических методов исследования земных покровов и водной поверхности. Рассматривается также определение влажности почвогрунтов СВЧрадиометрическим методом и определения уровня близкозалегающих грунтовых вод. Особо важным является дистанционный радиофизический мониторинг водных систем с рассмотрением в частности, формирование радиотеплового поля излучения океана в СВЧ-диапазоне зависящих от температуры и солености воды, взволнованности поверхности, концентрации хлорофилла и других компонентов океанской среды.
The paper deals with the use of radiophysical methods for studying the environment. Methods of remote monitoring of the environment provide the only opportunity to explore large areas of the Earth's surface. Remote sensing of land covers and water areas is based on the registration of its own or reflected and scattered electromagnetic radiation. The main attention is paid to the general characteristics of remote radiophysical methods for studying earthen covers and the water surface. Also considered is the determination of soil moisture by the microwave radiometric method and the determination of the level of nearby groundwater. Of particular importance is remote radiophysical monitoring of water systems, considering in particular the formation of a radiothermal field of ocean radiation in the microwave range, depending on the temperature and salinity of the water, surface roughness, chlorophyll concentration and other components of the ocean environment.
CURRENT STATE OF OPTICAL METHODS FOR MONITORING WATER SYSTEMS
Authors: Мкртчян Ф.А. , Солдатов В.Ю. , Мкртчян М.А. 
Published: July 2024

В данной работе рассматриваются вопросы современной спектрофотометрии и спектроэллипсометрии применительно к мониторингу водных систем. Основное внимание уделяется разработанным в ИРЭ им. В.А. Котельникова РАН новым методам спектрофотометрии и спектроэллисометрии. В частности анализируется новый метод эллипсометрических измерений эллипсометрия с бинарной модуляцией состояния поляризации (БМСП), в котором на исследуемый образец попеременно направляется излучение с двумя состояниями поляризации и анализируется сигнал на фотоприемнике. В разработанных спектроэллипсометрах с БМСП, в отличие зарубежных аналогов, отсутствие движущихся поляризационных элементов сочетается с высокой чувствительностью, стабильностью и скоростью измерений. Для улучшения метрологических характеристик спектроэллипсометров ИРЭ им. В.А. Котельникова РАН используется соосный ахроматический компенсатор на основе ромба Френеля из кварца. Такой подход к решению задачи спектроэллипсометрии в зарубежных исследованиях неизвестен.
This paper discusses the issues of modern spectrophotometry and spectroellipsometry as applied to the monitoring of water systems. The main attention is paid to those developed at the Kotelnikov IRE RAS to new methods of spectrophotometry and spectroellisometry. In particular, a new method of ellipsometric measurements is analyzed ellipsometry with binary polarization state modulation (BPSM), in which radiation with two polarization states is alternately directed to the sample under study and the signal is analyzed at the photodetector. In the developed spectroellipsometers with BPSM, in contrast to foreign analogs, the absence of moving polarization elements is combined with high sensitivity, stability, and measurement speed. To improve the metrological characteristics of spectroellipsometers Kotelnikov IRE RAS uses a coaxial achromatic compensator based on a quartz Fresnel rhombus. Such an approach to solving the problem of spectroellipsometry is unknown in foreign studies.
LASER MONITORING OF THE BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION OF METHANE IN THE AREA OF SUBURB OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: Григорьевский В.И. , Садовников В.П. , Элбакидзе А.В. 
Published: July 2024

Проведены локальные трассовые измерения фоновой концентрации метана на территории северо-востока Московской области дистанционным активным лидаром на основе мощного рамановского усилителя оптического излучения в диапазоне длин волн ~1650 нм. Мощность излучения в импульсе составляла около 3 Вт. Трассы выбирались с возможными аномальными отклонениями в фоне атмосферного метана и включали лесные массивы, застройку домами с газифицированным подводом природного газа, торфяное озеро, автодорогу с интенсивным движением, животноводческую ферму, полигон твердых бытовых отходов. Протяженность трасс составляла от ~0.6 км до ~ 3.15 км. Наибольшая фоновая концентрация метана наблюдалась над животноводческой фермой и над трассой с полигоном твердых бытовых отходов, что подтверждает факт повышенного выделения газа над этими объектами. Над трассой с газифицированными домами и автодорогой с интенсивным движением наблюдался также повышенный фон содержания метана, что свидетельствует о возможном увеличением количества автомобилей, использующих метан в качестве топлива и возможной утечке природного газа из трубопроводов, обеспечивающих дома природным газом.
Local path measurements of the background methane concentration in the northeast of the Moscow Region were carried out using a remote active lidar based on a powerful Raman amplifier of optical radiation in the wavelength range of ~ 1650 nm. The radiation power in the pulse was about 3 W. The trasses were selected taking into account possible anomalous deviations of the background of atmospheric methane and included forests, gasified buildings with natural gas, a peat lake, a road with heavy traffic, a livestock farm and a solid waste landfill. The length of the distances ranged from ~ 0.6 km to ~ 3.15 km. The highest background concentration of methane was observed over a livestock farm, over a highway and a solid waste landfill, which confirms the fact of an increase in gas emissions over these facilities. Also higher methane levels were observed above of the gasified homes and the heavy traffic road, indicating a possible increase in the number of vehicles using methane as fuel and a possible leak of natural gas from pipelines supplying buildings with natural gas.
Quality Assurance Indicators and Sustainable Assessment Integrity in Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Ofem Usani Joseph , Nwinyinya Emeka , Sama Roseline , Ojong Blessing , Eyo Essien , Effiom Godswill 
Published: July 2024

The focus of the study was to examine quality assurance indicators and sustainable assessment integrity in universities in the South-South Geopolitical Zone, Nigeria. The study was guided with four questions and four hypotheses. A review of literature was carried out theoretically, empirically, and conceptually on the variables that were identified for the study. A survey with 1812 academic staff from ten (10) universities in the study area was carried out. The study instrument was titled "Quality Assurance Indicators and Sustainable Assessment Integrity Scale (QAISAIS)" was developed by the researchers for data collection. The validity was established by the measurement and evaluation experts, and the reliability of the instrument was established using the Cronbach alpha technique. Data obtained was analysed using appropriate statistical tools and the findings revealed that supervision of examinations, capacity training of staff, and provision of funds significantly influence sustainable assessment integrity. From the results obtained in the study, it was recommended that supervisory activities of examinations should be strictly carried out to enhance conformity to laid down principles; staff should be trained periodically on how to handle assessment issues; and that funds needed to get prepared for examinations should be made available so as not to expose examination materials to the public through institutions' computer vendors.

Received: 6 May 2024 / Accepted: 25 June 2024 / Published: 8 July 2024
Between Trust and Misinformation: A Study of User Engagement with Cloned Pages of ‘Daily Trust’ and ‘Vanguard’ Newspapers on Facebook
Authors: Ibrahim Abubakar Tijjani , Jibril Umar Farouq , Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

This study explores the interaction between users and content on the ‘Daily Trust Hausa’ and ‘Vanguard Hausa’ cloned pages of the authentic ‘Daily Trust’ and ‘Vanguard’ newspapers on Facebook, with a focus on the prevalence of fake news and its implications for media trust. Using a survey methodology with a sample of 400 respondents selected purposively from the postgraduate student population across four public universities in the north-west of Nigeria, namely Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Bayero University, Kano (BUK) and Usman Dan Fodio University, Sokoto (UDUS), the research examines the frequency of visits, encounters with posts and the users’ ability to discern fake news. The findings reveal a high engagement with these pages, yet a significant concern over the authenticity of news articles, leading to a cautious and sceptical approach towards online news sources. The implications of these results are profound, suggesting a need for enhanced content moderation, fact-checking measures and media literacy campaigns, particularly within the Nigerian digital media landscape. The study underscores the importance of journalistic integrity and collaborative efforts to combat misinformation, which is crucial for maintaining public discourse integrity and fostering informed citizenship globally.

Received: 19 April 2024 / Accepted: 23 June 2024 / Published: 8 July 2024
Use of Commercial Starch, Starches Derived from Cassava, Potato, and Yam as Additives for Synthesising Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Composites
Authors: Mbiakop Dieuhou Cedrick , Oumarou Amadou Amadou , Tchakouté Hervé Kouamo , Nanseu-Njiki Charles Peguy , Henning Rüscher Claus , Hou Pengkun 
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this work is to investigate the use of different starch sources (yam, sweet potato, cassava, and commercial starch) as additives for the production of metakaolin-based geopolymer composites. Geopolymer composites were prepared by replacing metakaolin with 0 and 15 wt% of each type of starch. The different powders obtained were separately mixed with a hardener containing a molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O of 1.6. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to determine the structural properties. The compressive strength and morphology of the prepared geopolymer composites were investigated. Results show that the reference geopolymer compressive strength is 36.25 MPa. These are 64.66, 48.49, 46.03, and 44.71 MPa when commercial starch, yam starch, cassava starch, and sweet potato starch, respectively have been used as additives. It can be seen that the compressive strength values of the geopolymers containing starches are higher than those of the reference geopolymer. The compressive strength of the geopolymer composite made by replacing metakaolin with commercial starch is higher than those made with yam starch, cassava starch, and sweet potato starch. The X-ray patterns of all the geopolymers show the same mineral and the infrared spectra show the same absorption bands, except for the one at 2,935 cm-1 which appears on the spectra of the geopolymers containing starch. The geopolymer composite containing commercial starch has a more compact and dense microstructure. Those containing starches from yam, cassava, sweet potato, and the reference geopolymer material have a coarser microstructure. Compressive strength is consistent with the more compact and dense microstructure of geopolymer composite containing commercial starch. The incorporation of 15 wt% of starches derived from yam, cassava, sweet potato, and commercial starch was found to increase compressive strength. It was found that starches from various crops could be used as additives in the synthesis of geopolymer composites.
Endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding for the treatment of grade II-III internal hemorrhoids: A prospective, multi-center, randomized study
Authors: Qu Chun-Ying , Zhang Fei-Yu , Wang Wen , Gao Feng-Yu , Lin Wu-Lian , Zhang Hao , Chen Guang-Yu , Zhang Yi , Li Ming-Ming , Li Zheng-Hong , Cai Mei-Hong , Xu Lei-Ming , Shen Feng 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) is a nonsurgical technique for the treatment of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids but is limited by recurrence and post-procedural pain.
AIM
To evaluate satisfaction, long-term recurrence, and post-procedural pain in managing internal hemorrhoids using a combination of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy and ERBL.
METHODS
This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. A total of 195 consecutive patients diagnosed with grade II-III internal hemorrhoids were enrolled from four tertiary hospitals and randomly divided into a cap-assisted endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding (EFSB) or an ERBL group. All patients were followed-up for 12 months. Symptom-based severity and post-procedural pain were assessed using a hemorrhoid severity score (HSS) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Continuous variables were reported as medians and interquartile range.
RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-five patients were enrolled, with 98 in the EFSB group. HSS was lower in the EFSB group than in the ERBL group at 8 weeks [4.0 (3.0-5.0) vs 5.0 (4.0-6.0), P = 0.003] and 12-month [2.0 (1.0-3.0) vs 3.0 (2.0-3.0), P < 0.001] of follow-up. The prolapse recurrence rate was lower in the EFSB group at 12 months (11.2% vs 21.6%, P = 0.038). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that EFSB treatment [B = -0.915, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.301 to −0.530, P = 0.001] and rubber band number (B = 0.843, 95%CI: 0.595-1.092, P < 0.001) were negatively and independently associated with the VAS score 24 hours post-procedure. The median VAS was lower in the EFSB group than in the ERBL [2.0 (1.0-3.0) vs 3.0 (2.0-4.0), P < 0.001].
CONCLUSION
Cap-assisted EFSB provided long-term satisfaction and effective relief from the recurrence of prolapse and pain 24 hours post-procedure.
Expertise of Forensic Specialist in the Clinical Forensic Medicine Unit: A Need of the Hour
Authors: DilipKumar R  , Rohith K  , K. Leena Pramod  , Kishor Kumar B  
Published: July 2024

In the casualty it is the duty of an Indian Medical Graduate to examine and record the details of medico legal cases and send intimation to the police. In emergency services sometimes the Indian Medical Graduate is not able to record the injury details of the patient due to lack of expertise, disinterest and sense of apprehension towards legal procedures. According to the new curriculum the Indian Medical Graduates study Forensic Medicine in the second and third year and during Internship they are again posted in Forensic Medicine to undergo medico legal training. In the Postgraduate curriculum of Forensic Medicine they have casualty postings. The number of postgraduates joining Forensic in various medical colleges is dropping at an alarming rate as it is considered as dead body science. Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM) is the area of forensic medicine that relates to the medical examination and assessment of the living. It also has a significant public health and safety role. Research based on clinical forensic examination results have the potential to contribute to injury and death prevention. The aim of this article is to share the author's experience in the Clinical Forensic Medicine unit.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik Sekolah dan Profesionalitas Guru terhadap Budaya Sekolah
Authors: Ariani Yuli , Mariana Neni , Setyowati Sri 
Published: July 2024

Lingkungan fisik sekolah memegang peran sangat penting untuk mewujudkan budaya sekolah. Lingkungan fisik sekolah dan profesionalitas guru dapat membentuk budaya sekolah yang kondusif yang mampu memberikan pengalaman bagi tumbuh kembangnya perilaku berkarakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan fisik sekolah dan profesionalitas guru terhadap budaya sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 260 siswa, yang berasal dari empat SMP Negeri di Kab. Magetan, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana yang dihitung menggunakan SPSS 24.0. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan Variabel Lingkungan Fisik Sekola memiliki nilai Sig. 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, yang berarti terdapat pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik Sekolah terhadap Budaya Sekolah SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Magetan, sedangkan pada Variabel Profesionalitas Guru memiliki nilai Sig. 0,000. lebih kecil dari 0,05, yang menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh Profesionalitas Guru terhadap Budaya Sekolah SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Magetan.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Picture And Picture Berbantuan Quizizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif
Authors: Fahmiyati Sulis , Agnafia Desi Nuzul , Setyowati Ririn 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bermula dari nilai ulangan harian siswa di bawah KKM pada sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran picture and picture yang dibantu oleh Quizizz untuk anak sekolah dasar dengan melibatkan dua puluh dua siswa, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode picture and picture dengan bantuan Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar ranah kognitif siswa. Metode pembelajaran juga harus bervariasi dan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi di jaman sekarang ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Siswa menunjukkan hasil peningkatan yang signifikan pada kelas tersebut. Siswa menunjukkan minat yang lebih besar dalam pembelajaran menggunakan metode pembelajaran picture and picture berbantuan Quizizz, yang mengarah pada hasil kognitif siswa meningkat, lebih aktif berpartisipasi saat pembelajaran, dan memiliki pemahaman materi yang lebih baik. Metode picture and picture terbukti berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa, temuan ini berkonstribusi positif bagi pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif.
Konseptual Teoritis Kurikulum Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Secara Pragmatis dalam Islam
Authors: Susilawati Erni , Saifi Ani Fatimah Zahra , Komala Euis , Izuddin Izuddin , Ruhendi Ateng 
Published: July 2024

Kurikulum dalam pendidikan Islam dikenal dengan kata manhaj yang memiliki arti jalan yang terang yang dilalui oleh pendidik dan peserta didik untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, keterampilan serta sikap. Kurikulum pendidikan dalam konsepsi Islam adalah: suatu sistem kebenaran, standar, dan nilai-nilai ilahi sekunder, dan variabel pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan pengalaman manusia. dan ketrampilan yang dibekali oleh lembaga pendidikan Islam kepada peserta didiknya, dengan tujuan membawa mereka pada tingkat kesempurnaan yang telah Allah persiapkan bagi mereka, sehingga mereka dapat menunaikan hak khilafah di muka bumi dengan memberikan kontribusi yang positif dan efektif dalam pembangunan dan pembangunannya. kemajuan kehidupan di permukaannya sesuai dengan metode Tuhan. Ciri ciri yang menjadi cirinya pemahaman kurikulum menurut Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, yaitu Metode/kurikulum pendidikan islam(sistem) sumber dari gambaran islam untuk alam semesta, manusia dan kehidupan, beserta pemahaman dan ciri cirinya, dan dasar bangunan/kontruksinya, dan pokoknya merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh, yang setiap bagiannya dipengaruhi oleh bagian bagian yang lain, dan mempengaruhi bagian-bagian lainnya. Dan pemahaman ini untuk kurikulum pendidikan islam, dibedakan dalam serangkaian dari ciri ciri karakteristik. (Ahmad Madkuri 2002) Menurut Dr Yusuf Al-Qaradawi mengatakan bahwa Konsep yang pertama yaitu konsep Ketuhanan. Yang dimaksud dengan Ketuhanan di sini ada dua hal: a) Asal dan sumber ketuhanan., b)Arah dan tujuan ketuhanan. Menurut Dr Yusuf Al-Qaradawi mengatakan bahwa Konsep yang kedua yaitu konsep ketauhidan. Ciri kurikulum pendidikan Islam yang kedua adalah ciri tauhid, Tauhid merupakan komponen pertama dari sistem Islam, karena merupakan fakta dasar/fundafental dalam keimanan. Melalui tauhid, sistem atau pendekatan Islam menjadi unik di antara semua sistem dan pendekatan keyakinan dan filsafat lain yang berlaku di muka bumi.
Causal effects of genetic birth weight and gestational age on adult esophageal diseases: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ruan Lian-Cheng , Zhang Yang , Su Lang , Zhu Ling-Xiao , Wang Si-Lin , Guo Qiang , Wan Bin-Gen , Qiu Sheng-Yu , Hu Sheng , Wei Yi-Ping , Zheng Qiao-Ling 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age, birth weight, and esophageal cancer risk; however, causality remains debated. We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational age and birth weight traits and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Additionally, we explored if known risk factors mediate these links.
AIM
To analyze of the relationship between gestational age, birth weight and GERD, BE, and EA.
METHODS
Genetic data on gestational age and birth weight (n = 84689 and 143677) from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium and outcomes for GERD (n = 467253), BE (n = 56429), and EA (n = 21271) from genome-wide association study served as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, weighted median, and inverse variance weighted methods. Robustness was ensured through heterogeneity, pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
Birth weight was negatively correlated with GERD and BE risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.8] and (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.60-0.9), respectively, with no significant association with EA. No causal link was found between gestational age and outcomes. Birth weight was positively correlated with five risk factors: Educational attainment (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.31), body mass index (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02-1.1), height (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.06-1.19), weight (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.1), and alcoholic drinks per week (OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.06). Mediation analysis showed educational attainment and height mediated the birth weight-BE link by 13.99% and 5.46%.
CONCLUSION
Our study supports the protective role of genetically predicted birth weight against GERD, BE, and EA, independent of gestational age and partially mediated by educational attainment and height.