bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foltersituationen: Phänomenologische und soziologische Vorüberlegungen
Authors: Breger Max 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel stellt theoretische Überlegungen anhand der Folterdefinition der Vereinten Nationen sowie von soziologischer, phänomenologischer sowie weiterer folterbezogener Literatur darüber an, was Folter(-situationen) und ihre Funktionsweise ausmacht. Ausgangspunkt ist ein interaktionstheoretisches Verständnis von sozialen Situationen als raumzeitliche Einheiten, die im Sinne Erving Goffmans durch gegenseitige Präsenz und Wahrnehmbarkeit von Interaktionspartner:innen definiert ist. Foltersituationen zeichnen sich durch eine extreme Machtungleichheit aus, denn Folternde nutzen ihre Übermacht und die vielfältigen Verletzbarkeiten des Menschen aus, um Gefangene mittels Gewalt in Leiden zu versetzen. Dabei ist Folter als ein intersubjektiver Prozess zu verstehen. Gefolterte sind zudem nicht rein passiv leidende Opfer, deren agency vollständig zerstört ist. Foltersituationen sind daher trotz ihrer extremen Asymmetrie soziale Situationen.
Methodisches Vorgehen II: Datenkorpus
Authors: Breger Max 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel setzt die methodischen Überlegungen von Kapitel 2 fort und führt in das heterogene Datenkorpus ein. Ich nutze (ursprünglich geheime) Dokumente der CIA und des US-Militärs, in denen häufig Wörter oder ganze Passagen geschwärzt sind, Reports von staatlichen oder nicht-staatlichen Untersuchungen, Buchveröffentlichungen und andere Formen von Zeugnissen Folterüberlebender und weiterer Beteiligter, juristische Dokumente sowie vereinzelt Teile von journalistischen Texten. Ich erläutere in diesem Kapitel mein Vorgehen bei Datenerhebung, -selektion und -analyse im Stil der Grounded Theory. Insbesondere reflektiere ich die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, die in die teils fragmentierten Daten eingeschrieben sind, und die unterschiedliche soziologische Aussagekraft der Daten.
Transfer und Transformation von organisationalem Folterwissen
Authors: Breger Max 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel betrachtet diachrone 'Flüsse' von Folterwissen. Zum einen fragt das Kapitel nach den historischen Kontinuitäten der im vorangegangenen Kapitel rekonstruierten CIA-Foltertheorie mit militärischen Trainingsprogrammen und dem CIA-Folterwissen im Kalten Krieg. Dabei spielt die Erforschung ‚feindlicher‘ Foltertechniken im Auftrag von US-Militär und CIA ab den 1950er Jahre eine entscheidende Rolle als Wissensquelle. Zum anderen zeichne ich nach, wie sich Folterwissen im War on Terror im militärischen Teil des US-Folterkomplexes ausgehend von Guantánamo verbreitete und in welchem Zusammenhang es mit dem des CIA-Folterprogramm steht.
Jet angularities in dijet production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC
Authors: Chien Yang-Ting , Fedkevych Oleh , Reichelt Daniel , Schumann Steffen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study jet angularities for dijet production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in proton-proton (pp) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at 200 GeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass collision energy. In particular, we provide NLL resummed predictions for angularity observables of groomed and ungroomed jets produced in pp collisions matched to next-to-leading order QCD calculations resulting in NLO + NLL′ accuracy. Our parton-level predictions are corrected for non-perturbative effects, such as hadronization and underlying event, using parton-to-hadron level transfer matrices obtained with the Sherpa event generator. Furthermore, we use the Q-Pythia and Jewel generators to estimate the impact of the interaction between quarks and gluons produced by the parton shower with the dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions on the considered jet angularities.
Exploring oak processionary caterpillar induced lepidopterism (Part 1): unveiling molecular insights through transcriptomics and proteomics
Authors: Seldeslachts Andrea , Maurstad Marius F. , Øyen Jan Philip , Undheim Eivind Andreas Baste , Peigneur Steve , Tytgat Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLepidopterism, a skin inflammation condition caused by direct or airborne exposure to irritating hairs (setae) from processionary caterpillars, is becoming a significant public health concern. Recent outbreaks of the oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) have caused noteworthy health and economic consequences, with a rising frequency expected in the future, exacerbated by global warming promoting the survival of the caterpillar. Current medical treatments focus on symptom relief due to the lack of an effective therapy. While the source is known, understanding the precise causes of symptoms remain incomplete understood. In this study, we employed an advanced method to extract venom from the setae and identify the venom components through high-quality de novo transcriptomics, venom proteomics, and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 171 venom components were identified, including allergens, odorant binding proteins, small peptides, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, and chitin biosynthesis products, potentially responsible for inflammatory and allergic reactions. This work presents the first comprehensive proteotranscriptomic database of T. processionea, contributing to understanding the complexity of lepidopterism. Furthermore, these findings hold promise for advancing therapeutic approaches to mitigate the global health impact of T. processionea and related caterpillars.
Increased copy-number variant load of associated risk genes in sporadic cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Guarnaccia Maria , Morello Giovanna , La Cognata Valentina , La Bella Vincenzo , Conforti Francesca Luisa , Cavallaro Sebastiano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Several genetic factors have been associated to ALS, ranging from causal genes and potential risk factors to disease modifiers. The search for pathogenic variants in these genes has mostly focused on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) while relatively understudied and not fully elucidated is the contribution of structural variants, such as copy number variations (CNVs). Here, we applied an exon-centric aCGH method to investigate, in sporadic ALS patients, the load of CNVs in 131 genes previously associated to ALS. Our approach revealed that CNV load, defined as the total number of CNVs or their size, was significantly higher in ALS cases than controls. About 87% of patients harbored multiple CNVs in ALS-related genes, and 75% structural variants compromised genes directly implicated in ALS pathogenesis (C9orf72, CHCHD10, EPHA4, FUS, HNRNPA1, KIF5A, NEK1, OPTN, PFN1, SOD1, TARDBP, TBK1, UBQLN2, UNC13A, VAPB, VCP). CNV load was also associated to higher onset age and disease progression rate. Although the contribution of individual CNVs in ALS is still unknown, their extensive load in disease-related genes may have relevant implications for the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutical management of this devastating disorder.
SARS-CoV-2 E protein interacts with BRD2 and BRD4 SEED domains and alters transcription in a different way than BET inhibition
Authors: Lara-Ureña Nieves , Gómez-Marín Elena , Pozuelo-Sánchez Isabel , Reyes José C. , García-Domínguez Mario 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are relevant chromatin adaptors involved in the transcriptional control of thousands of genes. Two tandem N-terminal bromodomains are essential for chromatin attachment through acetyl-histone recognition. Recently, the BET proteins members BRD2 and BRD4 were found to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, raising the question of whether the interaction constitutes a virus hijacking mechanism for transcription alteration in the host cell. To shed light on this question, we have compared the transcriptome of cells overexpressing E with that of cells treated with the BET inhibitor JQ1. Notably, E overexpression leads to a strong upregulation of natural immunity- and interferon response-related genes. However, BET inhibition results in the downregulation of most of these genes, indicating that these two conditions, far from causing a significant overlap of the altered transcriptomes, course with quite different outputs. Concerning the interaction of E protein with BET members, and differing from previous reports indicating that it occurs through BET bromodomains, we find that it relies on SEED and SEED-like domains, BET regions rich in Ser, Asp, and Glu residues. By taking advantage of this specific interaction, we have been able to direct selective degradation of E protein through a PROTAC system involving a dTAG-SEED fusion, highlighting the possible therapeutic use of this peptide for targeted degradation of a viral essential protein.
Brown fat-specific mitoribosomal function is crucial for preventing cold exposure-induced bone loss
Authors: Tian Jingwen , Moon Ji Sun , Nga Ha Thi , Lee Ho Yeop , Nguyen Thi Linh , Jang Hyo Ju , Setoyama Daiki , Shong Minho , Lee Ju Hee , Yi Hyon-Seung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the interplay between ambient temperature, brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, and bone metabolism, emphasizing the effects of cold exposure and BAT mitochondrial activity on bone health. Utilizing ovariectomized (OVX) mice to model primary osteoporosis and BAT-specific mitochondrial dysfunction (BKO) mice, we evaluated the impact of housing temperature on bone density, immune modulation in bone marrow, and the protective role of BAT against bone loss. Cold exposure was found to universally reduce bone mass, enhance osteoclastogenesis, and alter bone marrow T-cell populations, implicating the immune system in bone remodeling under cold stress. The thermogenic function of BAT, driven by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, was crucial in protecting against bone loss. Impaired BAT function, through surgical removal or mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbated bone loss in cold environments, highlighting BAT’s metabolic role in maintaining bone health. Furthermore, cold-induced changes in BAT function led to systemic metabolic shifts, including elevated long-chain fatty acids, which influenced osteoclast differentiation and activity. These findings suggest a systemic mechanism connecting environmental temperature and BAT metabolism with bone physiology, providing new insights into the metabolic and environmental determinants of bone health. Future research could lead to novel bone disease therapies targeting these pathways.
Asymptotic Criticality of the Navier–Stokes Regularity Problem
Authors: Grujić Zoran , Xu Liaosha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe problem of global-in-time regularity for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, i.e., the question of whether a smooth flow can exhibit spontaneous formation of singularities, is a fundamental open problem in mathematical physics. Due to the super-criticality of the equations, the problem has been super-critical in the sense that there has been a ‘scaling gap’ between any regularity criterion and the corresponding a priori bound (regardless of the functional setup utilized). The purpose of this work is to present a mathematical framework-based on a suitably defined ‘scale of sparseness’ of the super-level sets of the positive and negative parts of the components of the higher-order spatial derivatives of the velocity field—in which the scaling gap between the regularity class and the corresponding a priori bound vanishes as the order of the derivative goes to infinity.
Waveforms from Nuclear Explosions (WFNE) Repository
Authors: Oancea Victoria , Kung Yu-Long , Murphy John R. , Piraino Paul , Given Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA key element of successful nuclear monitoring involves the assessment of any newly acquired data in the light of the vast amount of data previously recorded from historical nuclear explosions. To support this effort, the “Waveforms From Nuclear Explosions (WFNE)” repository was developed and is maintained by Leidos under sponsorship of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to provide convenient access to such historical data. It is built as a trusted data set, starting from the previous data repository “Nuclear Explosion Database (NEDB)” that was accessed in the past by numerous users in the US and international nuclear explosion monitoring community. WFNE includes detailed information (origin, bulletin, other geophysical data) on all the known 2157 atmospheric, underground, and underwater nuclear explosions detonated in the world between 1945 and 2017. It includes over 82,000 waveforms associated to 802 of the nuclear explosions ranging from digitized analog recordings for the oldest explosions to recent International Monitoring System (IMS) data, in CSS and SAC formats, and their station/instrument information, as collected from many sources. The web-based access and the presentation were updated and modernized and rendered ready for active user access. Users can search, visualize, and download data of interest for their own research. Data continues to be collected from newly identified sources. Recent efforts to rescue pre-digital seismic data via scanning and digitization provide interesting information to be added to WFNE, after completeness and quality checks. WFNE is open for the research community’s access to source parameter data and associated waveforms from worldwide nuclear explosions.
Empagliflozin demonstrates cytotoxicity and synergy with tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells: anti-proliferative and anti-survival effects
Authors: Karzoon Ahmad , Yerer Mükerrem Betül , Cumaoğlu Ahmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be effective at eliminating tumor cells. While empagliflozin exhibits nearly the highest selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1, its specific impact alone and in combination with tamoxifen remains largely unexplored in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα +) breast cancer. This study investigated the anticancer effects of empagliflozin and its potential synergy with tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The individual and combined cytotoxic effects of empagliflozin and tamoxifen were assessed using the xCELLigence system. The activities of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPKα), p70-S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), and protein kinase B (Akt) were assessed using Western blotting. The gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) were assessed via qPCR. Our results revealed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of empagliflozin and tamoxifen whether administered separately or in combination. While tamoxifen exhibits potency with an IC50 value of 17 μM, approximately ten times greater than that of empagliflozin (IC50 = 177 μM), synergistic effects are observed when the concentrations of the two agents approach their respective IC50 values. Additionally, empagliflozin significantly increases AMPKα activity while concurrently inhibiting Akt, p70S6K1, and p38 MAPKα, and these effects are significantly enhanced when empagliflozin is combined with tamoxifen. Moreover, empagliflozin modulates the gene expression, downregulating PGC-1α while upregulating FOXO3a. Empagliflozin exerts anti-proliferative and anti-survival effects by inhibiting mTOR, Akt, and PGC-1α, and it exhibits synergy with tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Graphical Abstract

Proposed anticancer mechanism of empagliflozin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Lead and arsenic intoxications by traditional and alternative medicine: men are more sensitive than women
Authors: Gerke Lucia , Seifert Roland 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditional and alternative medicines are widely used around the world and include for example herbal medicine, Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, and indigenous therapies. Due to the long history and the mostly natural origin of traditional remedies, it is often assumed that they are harmless, but in recent decades more and more case reports have been published in which traditional medicine has caused metal poisoning. This paper provides an analysis of published cases in which patients have suffered metal poisoning due to traditional or alternative medicines. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, whereby 210 patient cases from a total of 102 case reports and 30 case series were identified and then analyzed about various aspects. Most of the traditional medicines involved come from Asia and are mainly contaminated with lead and arsenic. The analyzed patient cases show a high degree of heterogeneity with regard to age, sex, intake reason, symptoms, and severity of intoxication. The metal intoxication itself and the cause of the poisoning often remained unrecognized for a long time, which resulted in many patients undergoing unnecessary diagnostic methods and ineffective therapeutic approaches before the correct diagnosis was made. The evaluation of the available patient cases revealed a higher sensitivity to metal poisoning in children compared to adults and a higher sensitivity in men compared to women. Anemia and basophilic stippling were frequently observed and became more common as the metal content in the blood increased. Hopefully, this paper raises awareness of the potential dangers of traditional and alternative medicines, both from the patient’s and the doctor’s perspective, so that in case of intoxication, treatment can be initiated quickly using the correct diagnostic methods. As ingested metals do not only circulate in the blood but also accumulate in soft tissues and bones, long-term monitoring is necessary to ensure that patients make a full recovery. Doctors should be aware that, in contrast to common belief, men are more sensitive to this type of intoxication than women, necessitating particular attention for diagnosis and treatment.
Ultrasound-Guided Versus Palpation-Guided Techniques to Achieve Vascular Access in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Allam Abdallah R. , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Rakab Mohamed Saad , Alhadeethi Abdulhameed , Hageen Ahmed W. , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Abuelazm Mohamed , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPediatric heart surgery is a vital therapeutic option for congenital heart disease, which is one of the most prevalent causes of death in children. Arterial cannulation (AC) and central venous catheter (CVC) are required in pediatric cardiac surgery for continuous monitoring of the central venous pressure (CVP), replacement of fluid or blood products, close hemodynamic monitoring, and frequent sampling for arterial blood gases (ABG). A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved from PubMed, Embase Cochrane, Scopus, and WOS until February 2024. Risk ratio (RR) was used to report dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference (MD) was used to report continuous outcomes, both with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Thirteen RCTs with 1060 children were included. Regarding arterial cannulation, the ultrasound-guided technique (US) was associated with a statistically significant increase in successful cannulation [RR: 1.31 with 95% CI (1.10, 1.56), P < 0.0001], and first-attempt success [RR: 1.88 with 95% CI (1.35, 2.63), P < 0.0001]. However, US was not associated with any statistically significant difference in venous cannulation in both outcomes with [RR: 1.13 with 95% CI (0.98, 1.30), P = 0.10], [RR: 1.53 with 95% CI (0.86, 2.71), P = 0.15] respectively. Moreover, US was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the number of attempts either in arterial cannulation with [MD: − 0.73 with 95% CI (− 1.00, − 0.46), P < 0.0001] or in venous cannulation with [MD: − 1.34 with 95% CI (− 2.55, − 0.12), P = 0.03], and the time of attempted cannulation also either in arterial cannulation with [MD: − 2.27 with 95% CI (− 3.38, − 1.16), P < 0.0001] or in venous cannulation with [MD: − 4.13 with 95% CI (− 7.06, − 1.19), P < 0.0001]. US guidance improves successful cannulation rates and first-attempt success in arterial access and reduces the number of attempts and procedural time for arterial and venous access. It was also associated with a lower incidence of complications and procedure failure, particularly in arterial access. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of venous puncture.
Biovalorisation of agro-industrial wastes into astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Authors: Kanwugu Osman N. , Ibn-Wuni Ibrahim , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Williams Thomas C. , Glukhareva Tatiana V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red xanthophyll with high economic and industrial value in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In recent years, the biotechnological production of astaxanthin has attracted much attention as a sustainable alternative to the predominating petrochemical-dependent chemical synthesis. In this regard, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is regarded as a promising microorganism for industrial production of astaxanthin. Unfortunately, biotechnological production of the carotenoid is currently expensive. The present study investigated soy molasses (SM) and residual brewers’ yeast as cheap fermentation feedstocks for the cultivation of X. dendrorhous and astaxanthin production. Yeast extract was obtained from residual brewers’ yeast using various techniques and then combined with SM to formulate a two-component growth medium which was subsequently used to cultivate X. dendrorhous. Generally, the yeast extract produced from residual brewers’ yeast supported X. dendrorhous growth and astaxanthin production at levels comparable to those seen with commercial yeast extract. Overall, cultivating X. dendrorhous in an SM-based medium containing 5% SM and 0.2% yeast extract obtained from residual brewers’ yeast resulted in significantly higher (> 20% more) biomass accumulation compared to the control media (YPD). A similar slightly higher astaxanthin output (up to 14% more) was recorded in the SM-based medium compared to YPD. The formulated cultivation medium in this study provides an opportunity to reduce the production cost of astaxanthin from X. dendrorhous while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact related to the disposal of the industrial waste used as feedstock.

Key points
• Cheap culture media were formulated from soy molasses and brewers’ spent yeast
• The formulated medium resulted in at least 20% more biomass than the control
• Up to 14% more astaxanthin was produced in molasses-based medium

Graphical Abstract