bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypes of comorbidity in OSAS patients: combining categorical principal component analysis with cluster analysis
Authors: Vavougios George D. , Natsios George , Pastaka Chaido , Zarogiannis Sotirios G. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPhenotyping obstructive sleep apnea syndrome's comorbidity has been attempted for the first time only recently. The aim of our study was to determine phenotypes of comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients employing a data‐driven approach. Data from 1472 consecutive patient records were recovered from our hospital's database. Categorical principal component analysis and two‐step clustering were employed to detect distinct clusters in the data. Univariate comparisons between clusters included one‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and chi‐square tests. Predictors of pairwise cluster membership were determined via a binary logistic regression model. The analyses revealed six distinct clusters: A, ‘healthy, reporting sleeping related symptoms’; B, ‘mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without significant comorbidities’; C1: ‘moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, obesity, without significant comorbidities’; C2: ‘moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with severe comorbidity, obesity and the exclusive inclusion of stroke’; D1: ‘severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity without comorbidity and a 33.8% prevalence of hypertension’; and D2: ‘severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with severe comorbidities, along with the highest Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and highest body mass index’. Clusters differed significantly in apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index; arousal index; age, body mass index, minimum oxygen saturation and daytime oxygen saturation (one‐way analysis of variance P < 0.0001). Binary logistic regression indicated that older age, greater body mass index, lower daytime oxygen saturation and hypertension were associated independently with an increased risk of belonging in a comorbid cluster. Six distinct phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its comorbidities were identified. Mapping the heterogeneity of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may help the early identification of at‐risk groups. Finally, determining predictors of comorbidity for the moderate and severe strata of these phenotypes implies a need to take these factors into account when considering obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treatment options.
Damage evaluation in upstream oil contracts using optimal control theory
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad N. , Farimani Fazel M. , Fard Ali T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe focus of international investment arbitration is mainly to protect the investor. A critically ignored situation in legal analysis is where under an international upstream petroleum contract, the international oil company (IOC) has breached its obligation to efficiently develop an oil field in the hosting country (HC). Although in the economic literature, a few studies have been conducted to do damage evaluation; their methods do not consider the dynamic nature of the oil field development. In this paper, it is assumed that a claim has been filed by the HC against the IOC in an arbitration tribunal to claim the damages caused to an oil field. In order to evaluate the damages, an innovative economic model based on a dynamic optimisation method is being initiated. It could be helpful for the tribunals to grasp an idea as to how the issue of evaluation of the damages will look like when they encounter the claims made by the HC in upstream oil contracts.
Effect of high spin Mn2+ /Mn3+ ions on microstructural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of hydrothermally prepared Ni–Mg nanoferrites
Authors: Thakur Atul , Sharma Parul , Thakur Preeti , Sharma Amit , Thakur Anil , Ravelo Blaise , Hsu Jen-Hwa 
Published: September 2015

A nanoferrite series of composition [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and 0.4 has been prepared by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size is found to be in the range of 28–48 nm. The lattice parameter is found to increase linearly with an increase in [Formula: see text] content. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs indicate that the samples have almost uniform sized crystallites with uniform grain growth. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies showed two absorption bands close to 603 and [Formula: see text] for the tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively. Saturation magnetization attained a maximum value of 34.15 emu/g at [Formula: see text] and then decreases for higher concentrations of [Formula: see text] ions. Activation energy for compositions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are found to be 0.371 eV and 0.471 eV, respectively. For composition [Formula: see text], maximum value of observed density, minimum porosity, maximum value of saturation magnetization, maximum initial permeability and minimum value of coercivity is obtained. DC resistivity is found to be of the order of [Formula: see text]. The obtained results have been explained based on possible mechanisms, models and theories.
Effect of La and Sr co-doping on electric and magnetic properties of multiferroic La0.1Bi0.9−xSrxFeO(3−x/2) ceramics
Authors: Guo Feng , Wang Shouyu , Liu Weifang , Wang Xu , Liu Li , Li Meng 
Published: September 2015

[Formula: see text] ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method, and their magnetic properties and conductive characteristics were investigated and discussed. It is found that La-doped [Formula: see text] ceramic without [Formula: see text] doping is a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure, and with the increase of the [Formula: see text] concentration, the phase transits gradually from rhombohedral to pseudo cubic symmetry. Electrical and magnetic properties show strong dependence on [Formula: see text] dopant level. The measurement demonstrates that [Formula: see text] with 30% [Formula: see text] dopant exhibits the lowest values of the leakage current, dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and dielectric loss [Formula: see text]. And the highest value of saturation magnetization of about 4.5 emu/g is observed in 60% Sr-doped [Formula: see text]. An abnormal enhancement of the conductivity was observed in [Formula: see text] ceramics with [Formula: see text] = 0.60 and 0.70, and their magnitude of conductivity is nearly six orders larger than that of pure [Formula: see text].
DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS À NECESSIDADE DE RESPEITO ADMINISTRATIVO AOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO TRF4 SOBRE DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors: Faria Luzardo 
Published: September 2015

Esse artigo objetiva encontrar soluções para o problema do ativismo judicial e da judicialização dos direitos fundamentais sociais. Com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a instituição do paradigma de Estado Social de Direito, surgiram incontáveis ações judiciais com o intento de condenar a Administração Pública à efetivação de tais direitos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa empírica em cima da jurisprudência do Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região dos casos de judicialização do direito fundamental social à saúde em que havia o pedido para concessão judicial de medicamento para tratamento de Hepatite C Crônica.
Association between serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome components
Authors: Nejatinamini Sara , Ataie-Jafari Asal , Qorbani Mostafa , Nikoohemat Shideh , Kelishadi Roya , Asayesh Hamid , Hosseini Saeed 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background
Serum uric acid levels is reported to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, its direct association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. Thus, we examined the association of serum uric acid concentrations with the MetS components.

Methods
MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria. This case–control study comprised 101 non-smoking individuals (41 in the MetS group and 60 in the non-MetS group). Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, uric acid, and anthropometric measures were determined, and body composition was assessed by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).

Results
After adjustment for confounding factors, serum uric acid was significantly higher in MetS group than non-MetS group (5.70 ± 1.62 vs 4.97 ± 1.30 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.001). After controlling for age, sex and body mass index in partial correlation analysis, uric acid was positively correlated with triglycerides, and negatively with HDL-C. In multiple logistic regression analysis, every 1 mg/dl elevation in the serum uric acid level increased the risk of MetS approximately by 2-folds (OR: 2.11, 95 % CI: 1.30-3.41).

Conclusion
This study showed that those individuals with MetS have higher uric acid levels; the association of uric acid and MetS components supports that it might be an additional components of MetS.
Low molecular heparin for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism – still the “CATCH of the day“?
Authors: Matzdorff A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn December 2014 the CATCH study was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology. CATCH is a randomized controlled trial comparing the low molecular weight heparin tinzaparin with warfarin for 6 months extended treatment (=secondary prophylaxis) of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). 6.9 % of patients in the tanzaparin arm experienced recurrent symptomatic and asymptomatic VTE compared with 10 % in the warfarin arm, this difference was statistically not significant. The difference became significant when only symptomatic VTEs were compared. There was no difference in the incidence of major bleeding events, but significantly fewer patients experienced clinically relevant non-major bleeding with tinzaparin than warfarin. The CATCH study is so far the largest study on extended treatment of cancer-associated VTE. It supports the guideline recommendation that low molecular weight heparins should be preferred to vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation of cancer-associated VTE.
Noise properties of textile, capacitive EEG electrodes
Authors: Asl Sara Nazari , Ludwig Frank , Schilling Meinhard 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The rigid surface of the conventional PCB-based capacitive electrode produces an undefined distance between the skin and the electrode surface. Therefore, the capacitance introduced by them is uncertain and can vary from electrode to electrode due to their different positions on the scalp. However, textile electrodes which use conductive fabric as electrode surfaces, are bendable over the scalp. Therefore, it provides a certain value of the capacitance which is predictable and calculable accurately if the effective distance to the scalp surface can be determined. In this paper noise characteristics of textile electrodes with different fabric sizes as electrode’s surface and capacity calculations related to each size are presented to determine the effective distances for each electrode size.
Virtualizing clinical cases of atrial flutter in a fast marching simulation including conduction velocity and ablation scars
Authors: Trächtler J. , Oesterlein T. , Loewe A. , Poremba E. , Luik A. , Schmitt C. , Dössel O. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Diagnosis of atrial flutter caused by ablation of atrial fibrillation is complex due to ablation scars. This paper presents an approach to replicate the clinically measured flutter circuit in a dynamic computer model. In a first step, important anatomical features of the flutter circuit are extracted manually based on the clinical measurement. With the help of this information, the electrical excitation propagation is simulated on the atrial geometry using the fast marching method. The simulated flutter circuit is used to estimate the global and local conduction velocity by approximating it iteratively. The parameterized flutter simulation is supposed to support the physician during diagnosis and treatment of atrial flutter.
Understanding the cellular mode of action of vernakalant using a computational model: answers and new questions
Authors: Loewe Axel , Xu Yan , Scholz Eberhard P. , Dössel Olaf , Seemann Gunnar 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Vernakalant is a new antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While it has proven to be effective in a large share of patients in clinical studies, its underlying mode of action is not fully understood. In this work, we aim to link experimental data from the subcellular, tissue, and system level using an in-silico approach. A Hill’s equation-based drug model was extended to cover the frequency dependence of sodium channel block. Two model variants were investigated: M1 based on subcellular data and M2 based on tissue level data. 6 action potential (AP) markers were evaluated regarding their dose, frequency and substrate dependence. M1 comprising potassium, sodium, and calcium channel block reproduced the reported prolongation of the refractory period. M2 not including the effects on potassium channels reproduced reported AP morphology changes on the other hand. The experimentally observed increase of ERP accompanied by a shortening of APD90 was not reproduced. Thus, explanations for the drug-induced changes are provided while none of the models can explain the effects in their entirety. These results foster the understanding of vernakalant’s cellular mode of action and point out relevant gaps in our current knowledge to be addressed in future in-silico and experimental research on this aspiring antiarrhythmic agent.
Image guided surgery innovation with graduate students - a new lecture format
Authors: Friebe Michael , Traub Jörg 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In Image Guided Surgeries (IGS), incremental innovation is normally not a technology push (technology delivered) but rather a pull (by learning and working with the clinical users) from understanding how these surgeries are performed. Engineers need to understand that only through proper observation, procedure know-how and subsequent analysis and evaluation, clinically relevant innovation can be generated. And, it is also essential to understand the associated health economics that could potentially come with new technological approaches. We created a new lecture format (6 ECTS) for graduate students that combined the basics of image guided procedures with innovation tools (Design Thinking, Lean Engineering, Value Proposition Canvas, Innovation Games) and actual visits of a surgical procedure. The students had to attend these procedures in small groups and had to identify and work on one or more innovation projects based on their observations and based on a prioritisation of medical need, pains and gains of the stakeholders, and ease of implementation. Almost 200 graduate students completed this training in the past 5 years with excellent results for the participating clinicians, and for the future engineers. This paper presents the lecture content, the setup, some statistics and results with the hope that other institutions will follow to offer similar programs that not only help the engineering students identify what clinically relevant innovation is (invention x clinical implementation), but that also pave the path for future interdisciplinary teams that will lead to incremental and disruptive innovation.
Three-Phase CFD-Model for Trickle Bed Reactors
Authors: Gorshkova Elena , Manninen Mikko , Alopaeus Ville , Laavi Helena , Koskinen Jukka 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Comprehensive CFD-model for reactive flow of gas and liquid in porous catalyst beds was developed and numerically tested. The three phase trickle-bed process involving both gas and liquid phases and the fixed bed of porous catalyst particles includes hydrodynamic forces, mechanical and capillary dispersion, and wetting efficiency.
In the present work, the model was extended to include reactions, mass transfer and heat transfer. The stationary gas and liquid inside the porous particles were modeled separately from the bulk gas and liquid phases flowing outside the particles, with convective and diffusive mass transfer between the inner and outer fluids. Reactions were assumed to take place inside the catalyst particles. The process modeled in this work was the hydrogenation of octene in Ni/Al2O3 reactor. The reaction is highly exothermic resulting in evaporation and condensation of the components.
All submodels were implemented in Fluent software. Numerical tests were carried out to show that the CFD model allows the investigation of local variations in the reactor, caused for example by bed drying or the effects of irregular liquid feed.
Joule Heating Effect in Constant Voltage Mode Isotachophoresis in a Microchannel
Authors: Shim Jaesool , Dutta Prashanta 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Microchip ITP (isotachophoresis) is getting popularity as a preparative technique for preconcentration and separation of chemical species and/or ions in liquid phase. In constant voltage mode ITP, generally a high electric potential difference is applied to a discontinuous buffer for faster and higher resolution separation. However, the higher current from the applied electric field induces Joule heating in the buffer which modifies the mobility and diffusion coefficient of analytes in the system. This change in mobility and diffusion coefficient strongly influences the transient separation process in ITP. In this study the effect of Joule heating on separation behavior of analyte compounds has been presented in a constant voltage mode ITP where two chemical species are separated from an initial mixture. The model is based on mass, energy, and charge conservation and electroneutrality condition in the system. A set of nonlinear governing equations are solved numerically for temperature dependent properties such as diffusion coefficient, effective electrophoretic mobility, and thermal conductivity using a finite volume based model. Numerical results suggest that for temperature dependent properties of control parameters, the separation speed of analytes is significantly different from that of constant temperature case. In constant voltage mode ITP, the temperature peak forms at the location of trailing electrolyte, and its influence propagates toward the direction of band movement as separation proceeds.
Volatile constituents of Dietes bicolor (Iridaceae) and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ayoub Iriny M. , Youssef Fadia S. , El-Shazly Mohamed , Ashour Mohamed L. , Singab Abdel Nasser B. , Wink Michael 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Volatile oils from the leaves, flowers and rhizomes of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt (Iridaceae) were analyzed using GLC/FID and GLC/MS. A total of 84 compounds were identified accounting for 94.65, 95.63 and 87.09% in the hydrodistilled oils from flowers, leaves and rhizomes, respectively. Spathulenol (48.44%) represented the major component in the leaf oil, followed by dihydro-edulan I (6.25%), cubenol (6.00%) and τ-cadinol (5.90%). For the flower and rhizome oils, fatty acids, their esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives predominate. The antimicrobial activity of both leaf and flower oils was investigated against four bacteria in addition to four fungi using the micro-broth dilution method. The leaf oil showed a more potent antimicrobial activity as compared to the flower oil against most of the assessed bacteria and fungi, with higher activities against Gram- positive organisms showing MIC values of 115 and 460 μg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumonia, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were generally less susceptible (MIC > 2 mg/ml for both oils against Escherichia coli) and being completely ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A relevant antifungal potency of the leaf oil against Geotrichum candidum and Syncephalastrum racemosum was also observed with MIC values of 115 and 920 μg/ml, respectively.
PENGARUH HARGA BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH DI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Pranata Ade , Umam Ahmad Takhlishul 
Published: September 2015

<p>Onion prices are fluctuating in Central Java, causing profits onion farmers uncertain. So that when the price drops causing the farmers had a loss and decrease cultivating intensity in the next season. The data in this study using quantitative data using OLS (Ordinary Least Square) with the classical assumption: multicoloniarity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and test for normality. The test equipment are using F-test, t test, and R<sup>2</sup>. From the test results of significance (F test) showed that the independent variables simultaneously significant effect on dependent variable with the calculated F value of 7.594314 and 0.007849 probability &lt;0.05. The results of the partial model test (t test) showed that the price of onion variables significantly influencing the production of onion variables with probability 0.0078 &lt;α (0.05) and had a negative impact, with coefficient of -3,148.617. Coefficient of determination on this results is 0.117569. it could be explained that onion production is influenced by variables onion prices by 11.76% while the remaining 88.24% influenced by other variables outside the model. Recomendate : The government needs to control the price that farmers do not lose money when prices fall and can continue cultivating in the next period. So that the onion production is relatively stable.</p><p> </p>
PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN ANTAR KABUPATEN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: YULIANI TUTIK 
Published: September 2015

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketimpangan pembangunan dan pendapatan antar Kabupaten di Kalimantan Timur serta membuktikan apakah Hipotesis U terbalik berlaku di Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar ketimpangan pendapatan digunakan Indeks Williamson dan Indeks Entropi Theil,.Berdasarkan indeks Wiliamson menunjukkan bahwa selama tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2012 terdapat ketimpangan pembanguan antar kabupaten di Kalimantan Timur sebesar 0.69 di tahun 2010 menjadi 0.72 di tahun 2012. Sedangkan dari hitungan Entropi Theil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata selama tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2012 terdapat ketimpangan pendapatan sebesar 17.45. Setelah dilakukan analisis Kuznets menunjukkan bahwa di Kalimantan Timur selama tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2012 berlaku hukum Kuznets.</p><p>This study aims to find out the development and income inequality inter regency in East Kalimantan and prove whether the inverted U hypothesis applied in the East Kalimantan. To find out how much income inequality, the writer used Williamson and Theil's Entropy Index. Based on Williamson index, it indicates that there is income inequality inter regency in East Kalimantan during 2010 to 2012, at 0.69 in 2010 to 0.72 in 2012. Whereas Entropy Theil calculation shows that on average during 2010 to 2012, there was income inequality by 17.45. Meanwhile, Kuznets analysis shows that Kuznets law applied in East Kalimantan during 2010 to 2012.</p>