bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid automatised naming is related to reading and arithmetic for different reasons in Chinese: Evidence from Hong Kong third graders
Authors: Liu Duo , Wang Lei , Wong Terry Tin‐Yau , Joshi R. Malatesha 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundRapid automatised naming (RAN) has been found to predict children's reading and arithmetic abilities. However, the underlying mechanisms for its involvement in the two abilities are not clear. This study examines how RAN shared variances with domain‐general and domain‐specific abilities in predicting reading and arithmetic in Chinese children.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐four children (mean age = 8 years 0 months, SD = 4 months) were administered with RAN tasks, word reading and arithmetic tasks and measures of working memory, processing speed, morphological awareness, phonological awareness and number line estimation.ResultsRAN mainly shared variance with morphological awareness in predicting word reading, while it shared variance with processing speed and number line estimation in predicting arithmetic calculation.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that RAN was related to reading and arithmetic for different reasons. The RAN–reading relationship partly reflected the semantic facilitation of the orthography–phonology links for both RAN stimuli and Chinese characters, while the RAN–arithmetic relationship partly reflected the shared process of retrieving semantic information from long‐term memory embedded in the two tasks.
Single‐cell sequencing unveils the impact of aging on the progenitor cell diversity in the telencephalon of the female killifish N. furzeri
Authors: Ayana Rajagopal , Zandecki Caroline , Van houcke Jolien , Mariën Valerie , Seuntjens Eve , Arckens Lutgarde 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) combines a short lifespan with spontaneous age‐associated loss of neuro‐regenerative capacity, an intriguing trait atypical for a teleost. The impact of aging on the cellular composition of the adult stem cell niches, leading to this dramatic decline in the postnatal neuro‐ and gliogenesis, remains elusive. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of the telencephalon of young adult female killifish of the short‐lived GRZ‐AD strain unveiled progenitors of glial and non‐glial nature, different excitatory and inhibitory neuron subtypes, as well as non‐neural cell types. Sub‐clustering of the progenitors identified four radial glia (RG) cell types, two non‐glial progenitor (NGP) and four intermediate (intercell) cell states. Two astroglia‐like, one ependymal, and one neuroepithelial‐like (NE) RG subtype were found at different locations in the forebrain in line with their role, while proliferative, active NGPs were spread throughout. Lineage inference pointed to NE‐RG and NGPs as start and intercessor populations for glio‐ and neurogenesis. Upon aging, single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed major perturbations in the proportions of the astroglia and intercell states, and in the molecular signatures of specific subtypes, including altered MAPK, mTOR, Notch, and Wnt pathways. This cell catalog of the young regeneration‐competent killifish telencephalon, combined with the evidence for aging‐related transcriptomic changes, presents a useful resource to understand the molecular basis of age‐dependent neuroplasticity. This data is also available through an online database (killifishbrain_scseq).
Altered executive control network and default model network topology are linked to acute electronic cigarette use: A resting‐state fNIRS study
Authors: Huang Xin , Qi Yawei , Zhang Ran , Pu Yu , Chen Xi , Chen Shanping , Zhao Haichao , He Qinghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs) have gained popularity as stylish, safe, and effective smoking cessation aids, leading to widespread consumer acceptance. Although previous research has explored the acute effects of combustible cigarettes or nicotine replacement therapy on brain functional activities, studies on e‐cigs have been limited. Using fNIRS, we conducted graph theory analysis on the resting‐state functional connectivity of 61 male abstinent smokers both before and after vaping e‐cigs. And we performed Pearson correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between alterations in network metrics and changes in craving. E‐cig use resulted in increased degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and local efficiency within the executive control network (ECN), while causing a decrease in these properties within the default model network (DMN). These alterations were found to be correlated with reductions in craving, indicating a relationship between differing network topologies in the ECN and DMN and decreased craving. These findings suggest that the impact of e‐cig usage on network topologies observed in male smokers resembles the effects observed with traditional cigarettes and other forms of nicotine delivery, providing valuable insights into their addictive potential and effectiveness as aids for smoking cessation.
Agricultural policy and crop location: Long‐run output and spatial climate risk consequences
Authors: Greyling Jan C. , Pardey Phillip G. , Senay Senait 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChoices by farmers—notably what crop to grow, where—are not only influenced by spatially sensitive environmental attributes but also economic factors that respond to changes in government policies. In South Africa, the policy stance toward agriculture swung toward an extended period of support spanning the middle of the 20th century. Subsequently, the agricultural support policies were eliminated in the post‐Apartheid period beginning in the 1990s. Using a purpose‐built, spatially explicit data set for South African agriculture spanning the period 1918–2015, we show these structural shifts in agricultural policy regimes concord with major shifts in national corn price trends and variability, and the area planted to corn (accounting for half the country's cropped area). More subtly, and much less studied, we reveal that these switching policy regimes also aligned with changes in the location of crop production, with pronounced consequences for crop output and climate risk. At its peak, policy‐aligned crop movement in South Africa reduced corn output by between 7.9% and 15.3%, and placed production in areas with reduced and riskier rainfall patterns. Upon removal of the policy distortions, the decline in total corn area continued, and the crop largely reverted to its predistorted, less climate‐risky geographical locations. The geographical sensitivities of the agricultural policy–production–climate risk nexus we reveal suggest these locational aspects deserve more concerted analytical and policy design attention, especially in light of the longer run, spatially sensitive production and food security risk implications of the changing climate realities facing agriculture the world over.
Visually Attending to black Senses of Place Through “Everyday Things” in White City, West London
Authors: Télémaque Nathaniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper shares a practice‐related rendering of Katherine McKittrick's conceptional notion “a black sense of place” by reflecting on visual practices adopted in my research project, “Everyday Things: Visualising Young Black Adults’ Experiences in White City”. In this article, I advance a black sense of place to be a conceptual lens that is capable of zooming in and out of the embodied perceptions and practices of resistance routinely created by Black people. I link black senses of place with the audio‐visual motif of “the rose that grew from concrete”. This motif acts as a metaphor, for the ways of being that Black people practice in overcoming the struggles of anti‐blackness. Providing snapshots of audio‐visual practices advanced in White City, West London with a kinship collective of young Black adults, I explore how black senses of place may be visually attended to through a combined methodological adoption of visual ethnography and photography.
Screening for psychosis risk in primary mental health care services – Implementation, prevalence and recovery trajectories
Authors: Newman‐Taylor Katherine , Maguire Tess , Smart Tanya , Bayford Emma , Gosden Emily , Addyman Grace , Bullard Pete , Simmons‐Dauvin Miriam , Margoum Morad , Smart Ben , Graves Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesEarly interventions improve outcomes for people at high risk of psychosis and are likely to be cost saving. This group tends to seek help for emotional problems – depression and anxiety – via primary care services, where early detection methods are poor. We sought to determine prevalence rates of high risk for psychosis in UK primary care mental health services and clinical outcomes following routinely delivered psychological therapies.MethodsWe used a brief screen designed for settings with low base rates and significant time constraints to determine prevalence of high risk for psychosis in UK ‘Talking Therapies’ services. We examined socio‐demographic characteristics, presenting problems and recovery trajectories for this group, compared with people not at risk of psychosis.ResultsA 2‐item screen selected for specificity yielded a prevalence rate of 3% in primary care mental health services. People at elevated risk of psychosis were younger and more likely to report at least one long‐term physical condition. This group presented with higher levels of depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms at assessment and were less likely to have recovered at the end of treatment, compared to people not at risk.ConclusionsVery brief screening tools can be implemented in busy health care settings. The 3% of referrals to UK primary care psychological therapies services at elevated risk of psychosis typically present with more severe symptoms and greater levels of comorbidity and may require augmented interventions to recover fully.
Does an untreated peri‐implant dehiscence defect affect the progression of peri‐implantitis?: A preclinical in vivo experimental study
Authors: Song Young Woo , Park Jin‐Young , Na Ji‐Yeong , Kwon Yoon‐Hee , Cha Jae‐Kook , Jung Ui‐Won , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the early impact of plaque accumulation in a buccal dehiscence defect on peri‐implant marginal bone resorption.Materials and MethodsIn six male Mongrel dogs, four dental implants were placed in the posterior maxilla on both sides (two implants per side). Based on the group allocation, each implant was randomly assigned to one of the following four groups to decide whether buccal dehiscence defect was prepared and whether silk ligation was applied at 8 weeks post‐implant placement for peri‐implantitis induction: UC (no defect without ligation); UD (defect without ligation); LC (no defect with ligation); and LD (defect with ligation) groups. Eight weeks after disease induction, the outcomes from radiographic and histologic analyses were statistically analyzed (p < .05).ResultsBased on radiographs, the exposed area of implant threads was smallest in group UC (p < .0083). Based on histology, both the distances from the implant platform to the first bone‐to‐implant contact point and to the bone crest were significantly longer in the LD group (p < .0083). In the UD group, some spontaneous bone fill occurred from the base of the defect at 8 weeks after implant placement. The apical extension of inflammatory cell infiltrate was significantly more prominent in the LD and LC groups compared to the UC group (p < .0083).ConclusionPlaque accumulated on the exposed implant surface had a negative impact on maintaining the peri‐implant marginal bone level, especially when there was a dehiscence defect around the implant.
Weaker number sense accounts for impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia: Behavioral and computational evidence
Authors: Dolfi Serena , Decarli Gisella , Lunardon Maristella , De Filippo De Grazia Michele , Gerola Silvia , Lanfranchi Silvia , Cossu Giuseppe , Sella Francesco , Testolin Alberto , Zorzi Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImpaired numerosity perception in developmental dyscalculia (low “number acuity”) has been interpreted as evidence of reduced representational precision in the neurocognitive system supporting non‐symbolic number sense. However, recent studies suggest that poor numerosity judgments might stem from stronger interference from non‐numerical visual information, in line with alternative accounts that highlight impairments in executive functions and visuospatial abilities in the etiology of dyscalculia. To resolve this debate, we used a psychophysical method designed to disentangle the contribution of numerical and non‐numerical features to explicit numerosity judgments in a dot comparison task and we assessed the relative saliency of numerosity in a spontaneous categorization task. Children with dyscalculia were compared to control children with average mathematical skills matched for age, IQ, and visuospatial memory. In the comparison task, the lower accuracy of dyscalculics compared to controls was linked to weaker encoding of numerosity, but not to the strength of non‐numerical biases. Similarly, in the spontaneous categorization task, children with dyscalculia showed a weaker number‐based categorization compared to the control group, with no evidence of a stronger influence of non‐numerical information on category choice. Simulations with a neurocomputational model of numerosity perception showed that the reduction of representational resources affected the progressive refinement of number acuity, with little effect on non‐numerical bias in numerosity judgments. Together, these results suggest that impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia cannot be explained by increased interference from non‐numerical visual cues, thereby supporting the hypothesis of a core number sense deficit.Research Highlights
A strongly debated issue is whether impaired numerosity perception in dyscalculia stems from a deficit in number sense or from poor executive and visuospatial functions.
Dyscalculic children show reduced precision in visual numerosity judgments and weaker number‐based spontaneous categorization, but no increasing reliance on continuous visual properties.
Simulations with deep neural networks demonstrate that reduced neural/computational resources affect the developmental trajectory of number acuity and account for impaired numerosity judgments.
Our findings show that weaker number acuity in developmental dyscalculia is not necessarily related to increased interference from non‐numerical visual cues.
Effectiveness of compressed online undergraduate courses
Authors: Price Joshua A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs universities seek to innovate to meet the needs of students, compressed courses are becoming more prevalent. This study compares a compressed‐format course to a traditional format course in economics that were each taught in the summer. Results indicate that student performance in a compressed course differs in meaningful ways. Effort‐based assessments show that students in a compressed course perform just as well and, perhaps, better than students in a traditional‐length course. However, assessments measuring mastery of course material indicate performance declines in compressed courses. Student ratings also indicate that students may perceive their experience in a compressed course as being worse than in a traditional format. This article analyzes the differential performance between the two types of courses and provides a discussion regarding possibilities for future compressed course design.
Reactivity against the BP180 ectodomain in patients with bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease
Authors: Tegtmeyer Jonathan , Romagnuolo Maurizio , Hammers Christoph M. , Opelka Bianca , Probst Christian , Komorowski Lars , Marzano Angelo V. , Schmidt Enno , Goletz Stephanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 16th non‐collagenous domain (NC16A) of BP180 is the main antigenic target of autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). Commercially available assays detect serum autoantibodies against NC16A in the majority of BP (80%–90%) and in approximately 50% of MMP patients. However, a standardized test system for detecting antibodies against other regions of BP180 is still lacking. Moreover, anti‐BP180 autoantibodies have been found in neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. This study aimed at identifying primary epitopes recognized by BP autoantibodies on the BP180 ectodomain. Serum samples of 51 BP and 30 MMP patients both without anti‐NC16A reactivity were included along with 44 multiple sclerosis and 75 Parkinson disease sera. Four overlapping His‐tagged proteins covering the entire BP180 ectodomain (BP180(ec)1–4) were cloned, expressed, purified and tested for reactivity by immunoblot. IgG antibodies to BP180(ec)3 were detected in 98% of BP, 77% of MMP and 2% of normal human sera. Only weak reactivity was detected for neurological diseases against BP180(ec)1, BP180(ec)2 and BP180(ec)4, in 3%, 11% and 7% of tested multiple sclerosis sera, respectively. 8% of Parkinson disease sera reacted with BP180(ec)2 and 9% with BP180(ec)4. In conclusion, this study successfully identified epitopes recognized by BP autoantibodies outside the NC16A domain in pemphigoid diseases. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune response in BP and MMP with potential implications for a future diagnostic assay for NC16A‐negative pemphigoid patients.
TRIM2 promotes metabolic adaptation to glutamine deprivation via enhancement of CPT1A activity
Authors: Liao Kaimin , Liu Kaiyue , Wang Zhongyu , Zhao Kailiang , Mei Yide 
Published: July 2024

Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptation to promote their survival and growth under energy stress conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we report that tripartite motif‐containing protein 2 (TRIM2) is upregulated in response to glutamine deprivation by the transcription factor cyclic AMP‐dependent transcription factor (ATF4). TRIM2 is shown to specifically interact with carnitine O‐palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A), a rate‐limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation. Via this interaction, TRIM2 enhances the enzymatic activity of CPT1A, thereby regulating intracellular lipid levels and protecting cells from glutamine deprivation‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TRIM2 is able to promote both in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo xenograft tumor growth via CPT1A. Together, these findings establish TRIM2 as an important regulator of the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to glutamine deprivation and implicate TRIM2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
The dark side of competition in developing economies: Evidence from closely held SMEs
Authors: Javadi Siamak , Kroll Mark , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how product market competition affects the performance of closely held small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies. In contrast to prior findings that focus on large publicly traded companies in developed economies, we find that market competition has a negative effect on firm performance. Our findings are robust to different measures of competition and firm performance and survive after addressing endogeneity issues. We provide evidence that the adverse effect of competition is channeled through increased corruption. Our findings further suggest that firms respond to competition by attempting to acquire more financial resources and government support, adopt quality improvement and cost reduction policies. The adverse effect of competition is especially strong for smaller firms.
The effectiveness of garlic extracts on biogenic amine formation by foodborne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria
Authors: Yazgan Hatice , Kuley Esmeray , Ozogul Yesim , Ozogul Fatih , Bartkiene Elena , Rocha João Miguel 
Published: July 2024

SummaryImpacts of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic were investigated in suppressing bacterial growth and biogenic amine (BA) formation by selected foodborne pathogens (Candida albicans, Salmonella paratyphi A, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and fish spoilage bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Photobacterium damselae and Pseudomonas luteola). The spread‐plate method was used to monitor bacterial growth in histidine decarboxylase broth (HDB), whereas the rapid high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used for BA analysis. Bacterial growth and their ammonia and BA production were monitored using HDB. The results showed that bacterial growth on HDB was in the range from 9.13, for P. luteola, to 9.54 log CFU (colony‐forming units) mL−1, for S. aureus and C. albicans. The presence of garlic extracts in HDB resulted considerably in lowering bacterial growth and BA formation (P < 0.05). The highest inhibitory activities of ethanolic and water garlic extracts were obtained for Gram‐positive S. aureus with 1.4 and 1.5 logarithmic reduction on bacterial growth, followed by Gram‐negative Salmonella Paratyphi A and E. coli. Application of garlic extracts, mainly ethanolic ones, showed a significant inhibitory effect on bacterial ammonia production, with 4‐100‐fold lower ammonia accumulation (P < 0.05). Bacteria produced all tested BAs, mainly dopamine, agmatine and tryptamine. The highest levels of histamine and tyramine (61.99 and 36.45 mg L−1) were produced by S. aureus. In the presence of aqueous or ethanolic garlic extracts, putrescine production by E. faecalis was around 110‐fold lower than that of the control group. Results revealed that both garlic extracts are potent antimicrobials that can control the growth of foodborne pathogens and their harmful BA formation.
Nutritional retention and browning minimisation in dehydrated onion slices through potassium metabisulphite and sodium chloride pre‐treatments
Authors: Ahamad Sajeel , Sagar Vidya Ram , Asrey Ram , Islam Sabina , Tomar B. S. , Vinod B. R. , Menaka M. , Kumar Ajeet 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe global demand for dehydrated onion is on the rise, driven by the increasing consumer preference for ready‐to‐eat convenience foods. This study focused on enhancing the quality and functional properties of dehydrated onion slices (cv. Pusa Shobha) through different pre‐treatment and drying conditions. Fresh onion slices were subjected to pre‐treatment using NaCl (3%, 5% and 7%) and KMS (0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%) solutions for 10 min, followed by tray drying at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C temperatures for varying durations of 14, 12 and 10 h, respectively. Based on physicochemical and functional properties, onion slices pretreated with 5% NaCl + 0.5% KMS and dehydrated at 60 °C for 12 h retained higher bioactive compounds like total phenols (166.32 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW), total flavonoids (28.94 mg QE g−1 DW), ascorbic acid (12.45 mg 100 g−1 DW), quercetin (172.88 μg g−1 DW) and total antioxidant activity (24.59 μmol TE g−1 DW). Additionally, it maintained superior sensory acceptability with higher pungency (7.15 μmol g−1 DW), dehydration ratio (9.25%), rehydration ratio (5.20%), lower non‐enzymatic browning (0.36) and moisture content (5.75%). Hence, the optimised treatment of ‘Pusa Shobha’ slices with 5% NaCl + 0.5% KMS, followed by dehydration at 60 °C for 12 h, yields dehydrated onion slices with superior bioactive compounds, sensory acceptability, and enhanced functional properties. The findings of his research offer valuable technology for the food industry, providing a practical and efficient method to produce high‐quality dehydrated onion slices.