bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect and Tunable Topological States in 3d Transition Metals Doped Silicene
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Long , Liu Lan-Feng , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSilicene is an intriguing 2D topological material which is closely analogous to graphene but with stronger spin orbit coupling effect and natural compatibility with current silicon-based electronics industry. Here we demonstrate that silicene decorated with certain 3d transition metals (Vanadium) can sustain a stable quantum anomalous Hall effect using both analytical model and first-principles Wannier interpolation. We also predict the quantum valley Hall effect and electrically tunable topological states could be realized in certain transition metal doped silicene where the energy band inversion occurs. Our findings provide new scheme for the realization of quantum anomalous Hall effect and platform for electrically controllable topological states which are highly desirable for future nanoelectronics and spintronics application.
Leaf water dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana monitored in-vivo using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Castro-Camus E. , Palomar M. , Covarrubias A. A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe declining water availability for agriculture is becoming problematic for many countries. Therefore the study of plants under water restriction is acquiring extraordinary importance. Botanists currently follow the dehydration of plants comparing the fresh and dry weight of excised organs, or measuring their osmotic or water potentials; these are destructive methods inappropriate for in-vivo determination of plants' hydration dynamics. Water is opaque in the terahertz band, while dehydrated biological tissues are partially transparent. We used terahertz spectroscopy to study the water dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana by comparing the dehydration kinetics of leaves from plants under well-irrigated and water deficit conditions. We also present measurements of the effect of dark-light cycles and abscisic acid on its water dynamics. The measurements we present provide a new perspective on the water dynamics of plants under different external stimuli and confirm that terahertz can be an excellent non-contact probe of in-vivo tissue hydration.
High-resolution restoration of 3D structures from widefield images with extreme low signal-to-noise-ratio
Authors: Arigovindan Muthuvel , Fung Jennifer C. , Elnatan Daniel , Mennella Vito , Chan Yee-Hung Mark , Pollard Michael , Branlund Eric , Sedat John W. , Agard David A. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Recording 3D fluorescent movies has become a critical tool of modern cell biology. Unfortunately, this requires exposure of the sample to such significant amounts of illumination light that the fluorophores become photobleached and the resultant oxygen radicals can significantly perturb cellular function (phototoxicity). Although widefield microscopy is very light efficient, generating high-quality 3D reconstructions requires removal of out-of-focus light in a process called deconvolution. Unfortunately, most deconvolution methods require high signal-to-noise ratios and are thus incompatible with the very low light levels required for unperturbed in vivo imaging. Here we present a novel deconvolution method that solves this problem, allowing illumination light to be reduced to extremely low levels, resulting in an enabling technology for in vivo imaging.
Implementing harvest strategies in Australia: 5 years on
Authors: Smith Anthony D. M. , Smith David C. , Haddon Malcolm , Knuckey Ian A. , Sainsbury Keith J. , Sloan Sean R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Smith, A. D. M., Smith D. C., Haddon, M., Knuckey, I., Sainsbury, K. J., and Sloan, S. 2014. Implementing harvest strategies in Australia: 5 years on. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 195–203. Australian Commonwealth fisheries are managed using a formal harvest strategy policy (HSP) introduced by the federal government in 2007. At the State level, a number of commercial fisheries are also managed under formal harvest strategies, but no overarching policy currently exists to guide their consistent implementation across jurisdictions. There have been 5 years of experience with implementation of the Commonwealth policy across the highly diverse array of commercial fisheries found in Australia. The HSP has an explicit target of maximum economic yield, and an explicit limit set at half the biomass that would support maximum sustainable yield. The policy also specifies an acceptable level of risk associated with falling below the limit reference point. We discuss the experience gained from implementing the HSP in Australia, including a number of challenges faced, and attempt to summarize the benefits and costs of implementing harvest strategies. Our view is that, overall, the benefits clearly outweigh the costs.
Abundance indices for long-lived tropical snappers: estimating standardized catch rates from spatially and temporally coarse logbook data
Authors: Marriott Ross J. , O'Neill Michael F. , Newman Stephen J. , Skepper Craig L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery has historically comprised a small fleet (≤10 vessels year−1) operating over a relatively large area off the northwest coast of Australia. This multispecies fishery primarily harvests two species of snapper: goldband snapper, Pristipomoides multidens and red emperor, Lutjanus sebae. A key input to age-structured assessments of these stocks has been the annual time-series of the catch rate. We used an approach that combined Generalized Linear Models, spatio-temporal imputation, and computer-intensive methods to standardize the fishery catch rates and report uncertainty in the indices. These analyses, which represent one of the first attempts to standardize fish trap catch rates, were also augmented to gain additional insights into the effects of targeting, historical effort creep, and spatio-temporal resolution of catch and effort data on trap fishery dynamics. Results from monthly reported catches (i.e. 1993 on) were compared with those reported daily from more recently (i.e. 2008 on) enhanced catch and effort logbooks. Model effects of catches of one species on the catch rates of another became more conspicuous when the daily data were analysed and produced estimates with greater precision. The rate of putative effort creep estimated for standardized catch rates was much lower than estimated for nominal catch rates. These results therefore demonstrate how important additional insights into fishery and fish population dynamics can be elucidated from such “pre-assessment” analyses.
A 7-Deoxyloganetic Acid Glucosyltransferase Contributes a Key Step in Secologanin Biosynthesis in Madagascar Periwinkle
Authors: Asada Keisuke , Salim Vonny , Masada-Atsumi Sayaka , Edmunds Elizabeth , Nagatoshi Mai , Terasaka Kazuyoshi , Mizukami Hajime , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Iridoids form a broad and versatile class of biologically active molecules found in thousands of plant species. In addition to the many hundreds of iridoids occurring in plants, some iridoids, such as secologanin, serve as key building blocks in the biosynthesis of thousands of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) and many quinoline alkaloids. This study describes the molecular cloning and functional characterization of three iridoid glucosyltransfeases (UDP-SUGAR GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE6 [UGT6], UGT7, and UGT8) from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) with remarkably different catalytic efficiencies. Biochemical analyses reveal that UGT8 possessed a high catalytic efficiency toward its exclusive iridoid substrate, 7-deoxyloganetic acid, making it better suited for the biosynthesis of iridoids in periwinkle than the other two iridoid glucosyltransfeases. The role of UGT8 in the fourth to last step in secologanin biosynthesis was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing in periwinkle plants, which reduced expression of this gene and resulted in a large decline in secologanin and MIA accumulation within silenced plants. Localization studies of UGT8 using a carborundum abrasion method for RNA extraction show that its expression occurs preferentially within periwinkle leaves rather than in epidermal cells, and in situ hybridization studies confirm that UGT8 is preferentially expressed in internal phloem associated parenchyma cells of periwinkle species.
‘Soul Destroyers’: Soviet Reporting of Nazi Genocide and its Perpetrators at the Krasnodar and Khar′kov Trials
Authors: Hicks Jeremy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Soviet war crimes trials at Krasnodar, in July 1943, and Khar′kov, in December 1943, are rarely considered, or thought to contribute to understanding of the Holocaust. This article argues that, despite their propagandist aims, unsound legal basis and silence over the specific fate of the Jews, the trials were discussed by the Soviet press in ways which anticipate understanding of the Holocaust. The picture of systematic gassings of civilians in gas vans, termed ‘soul destroyers’ by the Soviets, pointed to the industrialized approach to mass murder which defines the Holocaust and the camps. At Khar′kov, in journalistic reports, especially those of Konstantin Simonov and Il′ia Erenburg, the mentality of the murderers was for the first time revealed as one of bureaucratic routine and self‐interest, rather than demonic or animal brutality, thus pre‐empting Hannah Arendt's analysis of Adolf Eichmann as an example of the ‘banality of evil’. Likewise, the defendants' insistence that they were following orders foreshadowed the same defence at Nuremberg, and this issue was addressed in the Soviet press. Despite the insight into the criminals granted by this reporting, the Nazis' targeting of the Jews in the Krasnodar and Khar′kov regions was virtually passed over in silence during the trials, but extensively discussed in articles published separately by Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi. These materials enable us to trace anew the process by which the reality of the Holocaust was first apprehended.
From the International Military Tribunal to the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings: The American Confrontation with Nazi Criminality Revisited
Authors: Bloxham Donald 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNuremberg as event and as process: what does ‘Nuremberg’ mean? At the simplest, literal level it refers to the prosecution, in the German city of that name, of twenty‐two senior German figures and six organizations before the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in 1945–6. It can also represent the tens of thousands of trials of greater and lesser war criminals and collaborators conducted in Europe and Southeast Asia in the post‐war period by the Allies, the liberated nations, and even erstwhile perpetrator states themselves. Figuratively, ‘Nuremberg’ can evoke any trial of transgressors of international humanitarian law anywhere since 1945. Pejoratively, and less often non‐pejoratively, it stands for ‘the political trial’ or ‘victor's justice’. To the lawyers, judges and defendants involved, and to the German public of the post‐war years, ‘Nuremberg’ might connote not just the IMT trial but also the twelve subsequent trials before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMTs) conducted in 1946–9 by the American occupation authorities against ‘major war criminals of the second rank’. Finally, to those interested not just in the purely legal successes and controversies of the trials, ‘Nuremberg’ may embrace the political aftermaths, as many convicted war criminals were prematurely released in the changed international circumstances of the 1950s.
Watch on the Drina: Genocide, War and Nationalist Ideology
Authors: Carmichael Cathie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Drina is a long winding river in the western Balkans, with many prosperous old towns on its banks. It had a central place in the mythologies of both Croatian and Serbian nationalists in the twentieth century. The idea that the river and its environs were unambiguously part of one national territory has led to the violent exclusion of other nationalities. This article looks at the Drina valley with a particular focus on the 1940s and 1990s.
Pictures of Peace and Justice from Nuremberg to the Holocaust: Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today, Memory of the Camps, and Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe – Missing Films, Memory Gaps and the Impact beyond the Courtroom of Visual Material in War Crimes Prosecutions
Authors: Gow James , Michalski Milena , Kerr Rachel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe present article examines three ‘missing’ films and their significance for memory and historiography of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal and the Holocaust: Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today, Memory of the Camps and Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe. Between them, the three ‘missing’ films contain material that is absent from collective memory and, in some regards, scholarship. The ‘missing’ films reflect the ‘missing’ message of the ‘real’ Holocaust in the 1940s and 1950s. They offer the material that, with wider circulation, might have adjusted the character and compound fallacies of collective memory, and filled a ‘gap’ in that memory. The article contributes to the historiographies of film, Nuremberg and the Holocaust in three ways. First, we offer the first scholarly treatment of the document and film Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today. Secondly, we offer the first examination of film and the IMT beyond the courtroom. Finally, we bring together the little‐known and little‐registered Soviet‐Polish material of Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe, which captures the apparatus of the Nazi extermination camps, in a unified analysis with the more familiar western Allies’ film and the Nuremberg narrative, which, uniquely for its time, clearly identified Jews as the primary victims of the Nazis. In doing so, we show that both film evidence of those camps and a focus on Jews as primary victims could have emerged far earlier had these film documents not been suppressed, unfinished or overlooked.
Species richness and abundance among macromoths: A comparison of taxonomic, temporal and spatial patterns in Oregon and South Korea
Authors: Choi Sei‐Woong , Miller Jeffrey C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe present study aims to establish a long‐term intercontinental collaboration based on a sampling protocol using standardized repeated measures at permanent sites to document macromoth species richness and abundance through time and across the landscape. We pooled the data from two continental regions providing a total of 12 trap sites: Mt. Jirisan National Park in South Korea (2005–2007) and HJ Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon, USA. (2004–2006). A synthesis of our data indicated that: (i) noctuids (43–52%) and geometrids (33–39%) dominated the measures of species richness; (ii) using our sampling protocols more than three years would be needed to obtain a value of 90% of empirical species richness relative to Chao‐1 estimated species richness; (iii) temperature alone could not explain the peak pattern in moth abundance and species richness; (iv) the highest/lowest proportion of species richness and abundance were present in similar elevation and forest sites. These observations established a foundation for developing a network‐oriented database for assessing biotic impact of environmental and contributed to identifying species at high risk to environmental change based on empirical measures of temporal and spatial breadth.
Comparative cardiovascular physiology: future trends, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Burggren W. W. , Christoffels V. M. , Crossley D. A. , Enok S. , Farrell A. P. , Hedrick M. S. , Hicks J. W. , Jensen B. , Moorman A. F. M. , Mueller C. A. , Skovgaard N. , Taylor E. W. , Wang T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe inauguralKjellJohansenLecture in theZoophysiologyDepartment ofAarhusUniversity (Aarhus,Denmark) afforded the opportunity for a focused workshop comprising comparative cardiovascular physiologists to ponder some of the key unanswered questions in the field. Discussions were centred around three themes. The first considered function of the vertebrate heart in its various forms in extant vertebrates, with particular focus on the role of intracardiac shunts, the trabecular (‘spongy’) nature of the ventricle in many vertebrates, coronary blood supply and the building plan of the heart as revealed by molecular approaches. The second theme involved the key unanswered questions in the control of the cardiovascular system, emphasizing autonomic control, hypoxic vasoconstriction and developmental plasticity in cardiovascular control. The final theme involved poorly understood aspects of the interaction of the cardiovascular system with the lymphatic, renal and digestive systems. Having posed key questions around these three themes, it is increasingly clear that an abundance of new analytical tools and approaches will allow us to learn much about vertebrate cardiovascular systems in the coming years.
Passive leg movement‐induced hyperaemia with a spinal cord lesion: evidence of preserved vascular function
Authors: Venturelli M. , Amann M. , Layec G. , McDaniel J. , Trinity J. D. , Fjeldstad A. S. , Ives S. J. , Yonnet G. , Richardson R. S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA spinal cord injury (SCI) clearly results in greater cardiovascular risk; however, accompanying changes in peripheral vascular structure below the lesion mean that the real impact of a SCI on vascular function is unclear.AimTherefore, utilizing passive leg movement‐induced (PLM) hyperaemia, an index of nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent vascular function and the central hemodynamic response to this intervention, we studied eight individuals with a SCI and eight age‐matched controls (CTRL).MethodsSpecifically, we assessed heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), leg blood flow (LBF) and thigh composition.ResultsIn CTRL, passive movement transiently decreased MAP and increased HR and CO from baseline by 2.5 ± 1 mmHg, 7 ± 2 bpm and 0.5 ± 0.1 L min−1 respectively. In SCI, HR and CO responses were unidentifiable. LBF increased to a greater extent in CTRL (515 ± 41 ∆mL min−1) compared with SCI, (126 ± 25 ∆mL min−1) (P < 0.05). There was a strong relationship between ∆LBF and thigh muscle volume (r = 0.95). After normalizing ∆LBF for this strong relationship (∆LBF/muscle volume), there was evidence of preserved vascular function in SCI (CTRL: 120 ± 9; SCI 104 ± 11 mL min−1 L−1). A comparison of ∆LBF in the passively moved and stationary leg, to partition the contribution of the blood flow response, implied that 35% of the hyperaemia resulted from cardioacceleration in the CTRL, whereas all the hyperaemia appeared peripheral in origin in the SCI.ConclusionThus, utilizing PLM‐induced hyperaemia as marker of vascular function, it is evident that peripheral vascular impairment is not an obligatory accompaniment to a SCI.
A quantitative assessment of crop residue feedstocks for biofuel in North and Northeast China
Authors: Yang Lu , Wang Xiao Yu , Han Li Pu , Spiertz Huub , Liao Shu Hua , Wei Mao Gui , Xie Guang Hui 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCrop residue resources may affect soil quality, global carbon balance, and stability of crop production, but also contribute to future energy security. This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation in residue quantities of field crops in five provinces of North China (NC) and three provinces of Northeast China (NEC). The availability of biomass resources was derived from statistical data on crop yields for all crops on the provincial and even county level.We found that cereals – wheat, maize, and rice – were the biggest resource of crop residue feedstock. The ranking of these crops as a source of biomass for bioenergy is determined by the acreage in each region and the crop‐specific yield. Annually, the average amount of total residue of 83.0 Mt (Mt = Mega tonnes) in NC (16.9 Million ha) comprised 76.6 Mt field residues and 6.4 Mt process residues on an air‐dried basis. The average amount of total biomass residue of 105.7 Mt in NEC (19.8 Million ha) comprised 92.8 Mt field residues and 12.9 Mt process residues. Averaged for 2008, 2009, and 2010, the total standard coal equivalent (SCE) in NC amounted to 46.4 Mt, which comprised 42.4 Mt field residues and of 3.9 Mt process residues. In NEC, the SCE value of 57.0 Mt comprised 49.7 Mt field residues and 7.4 Mt process residues. The temporal availability of field residues was mainly concentrated in the period between July and September, followed by the period between October and December. In the period between July and September, the amount of field residue available amounted to 40.9 and 53.1 Mt in NC and NEC, respectively. An accurate assessment of field residues may guide policy makers and industry to optimize the utilization of the crop residue resource.
The clinical utility of bone turnover markers in the evaluation of bone disease in patients with haemophilia A and B
Authors: Anagnostis P. , Vakalopoulou S. , Vyzantiadis T.‐A. , Charizopoulou M. , Karras S. , Goulis D. G. , Karagiannis A. , Gerou S. , Garipidou V. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHaemophilia A and B have been associated with increased prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD). However, the utility of bone turnover markers (BTM) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone metabolism in men with haemophilia and to investigate associations betweenBTMand bone disease. Serum N‐ (NTX‐I), C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐I) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase band‐5b (TRAP‐5b), as bone resorption markers, and osteocalcin (OC) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (b‐ALP), as bone formation markers, were assessed. Seventy men with haemophilia A (n = 59) or B (n = 11) were studied. Patients with lowBMDhad significantly higher b‐ALPconcentrations compared with those with normalBMD(12.8 ± 1.60 vs. 9.72 ± 0.58 μg/L,P = 0.009), without any differences in the otherBTM.NTX‐I andCTX‐I concentrations were negatively associated with oestradiol levels and hipBMDand positively with human immunodeficiency virus infection, number of affected joints and arthropathy scores. B‐ALPandOCconcentrations were negatively associated with hipBMD, severity of haemophilia and fracture history, and positively with the number of affected joints and testosterone concentrations. After multivariate analysis,NTX‐I levels remained negatively associated with oestradiol levels, whereas b‐ALPconcentrations negatively correlated with the level of physical activity and positively with the number of affected joints. Increased bone metabolism exists in men with haemophilia and lowBMD. Increased b‐ALPlevels may identify patients at high risk for fracture. Increased number of target joints, low physical activity and low oestradiol concentrations are independently associated with increased bone metabolism.