bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of afferent input to the caudal and rostral areas of the dorsal premotor cortex (6DC and 6DR) in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Burman Kathleen J. , Bakola Sophia , Richardson Karyn E. , Reser David H. , Rosa Marcello G.P. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTCorticocortical projections to the caudal and rostral areas of dorsal premotor cortex (6DC and 6DR, also known as F2 and F7) were studied in the marmoset monkey. Both areas received their main thalamic inputs from the ventral anterior and ventral lateral complexes, and received dense projections from the medial premotor cortex. However, there were marked differences in their connections with other cortical areas. While 6DR received consistent inputs from prefrontal cortex, area 6DC received few such connections. Conversely, 6DC, but not 6DR, received major projections from the primary motor and somatosensory areas. Projections from the anterior cingulate cortex preferentially targeted 6DC, while the posterior cingulate and adjacent medial wall areas preferentially targeted 6DR. Projections from the medial parietal area PE to 6DC were particularly dense, while intraparietal areas (especially the putative homolog of LIP) were more strongly labeled after 6DR injections. Finally, 6DC and 6DR were distinct in terms of inputs from the ventral parietal cortex: projections to 6DR originated preferentially from caudal areas (PG and OPt), while 6DC received input primarily from rostral areas (PF and PFG). Differences in connections suggest that area 6DR includes rostral and caudal subdivisions, with the former also involved in oculomotor control. These results suggest that area 6DC is more directly involved in the preparation and execution of motor acts, while area 6DR integrates sensory and internally driven inputs for the planning of goal‐directed actions. They also provide strong evidence of a homologous organization of the dorsal premotor cortex in New and Old World monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3683–3716, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light exposure leads to reorganization of microglomeruli in the mushroom bodies and influences juvenile hormone levels in the honeybee
Authors: Scholl Christina , Wang Ying , Krischke Markus , Mueller Martin J. , Amdam Gro V. , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTHoneybees show a remarkable behavioral plasticity at the transition from nursing inside the hive to foraging for nectar and/or pollen outside. This plasticity is important for age‐related division of labor in honeybee colonies. The behavioral transition is associated with significant volume and synaptic changes in the mushroom bodies (MBs), brain centers for sensory integration, learning, and memory. We tested whether precocious sensory exposure to light leads to changes in the density of synaptic complexes [microglomeruli (MG)] in the MBs. The results show that exposure to light pulses over 3 days induces a significant decrease in the MG density in visual subregions (collar) of the MB. Earlier studies had shown that foragers have increased levels of juvenile hormone (JH) co‐occurring with a decrease of vitellogenin (Vg). Previous work further established that RNAi‐mediated knockdown of vg and ultraspiracle (usp) induced an upregulation of JH levels, which can lead to precocious foraging. By disturbing both Vg and JH pathways using gene knockdown of vg and usp, we tested whether the changes in the hormonal system directly affect MG densities. Our study shows that MG numbers remained unchanged when Vg and JH pathways were perturbed, suggesting no direct hormonal influences on MG densities. However, mass spectrometry detection of JH revealed that precocious light exposure triggered an increase in JH levels in the hemolymph (HL) of young bees. This suggests a dual effect following light exposure via direct effects on MG reorganization in the MB calyx and a possible positive feedback on HL JH levels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1141–1153, 2014
A bidirectional examination of expressed emotion among families of adolescents with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Hoste Renee Rienecke , Lebow Jocelyn , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to examine expressed emotion (EE) measured from adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) toward their parents, in addition to measuring EE from parents toward patients.MethodFifty‐four adolescents and their parents who were receiving treatment for BN participated in a videotaped family interview, from which ratings of EE were made.ResultsParent and patient scores were highly correlated. Four family profiles were created (Low Patient EE/Low Parent EE; High Patient EE/High Parent EE; Low Patient EE/High Parent EE; High Patient EE/Low Parent EE) to determine whether the match between parent and patient EE was related to treatment outcome. The Low Patient EE/Low Parent EE group demonstrated the greatest reduction in purging from baseline to end‐of‐treatment; the High Patient EE/Low Parent EE group showed the smallest reduction in purging.DiscussionEE has historically been rated from relatives toward patients, but patients' own EE may also be related to treatment outcome. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:249–252)
Changes in the content of canolol and total phenolics, oxidative stability of rapeseed oil during accelerated storage
Authors: Zheng Chang , Yang Mei , Zhou Qi , Liu Chang‐Sheng , Huang Feng‐Hong 
Published: May 2014

An oil sample was prepared by cold‐pressing from untreated (UTRO) and microwave‐treated (MWRO) rapeseed, and tertiary butyl‐hydroquinone (TBHQ) was added to another oil from untreated rapeseed. Microwave pretreatment significantly increased the total phenolics and canolol contents, as well as the initial acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and p‐anisidine value (pAV) of oil (p<0.001). However, there was found to be a difference in the rate of increase of AV, PV, and pAV of oil during the autoxidation with the following order of all these values observed: UTRO > UTRO + TBHQ > MWRO. During storage, significant linear correlations (p<0.001) were found between the PV, pAV, and canolol content (PV vs. Canolol = −0.960 to −0.890; pAV vs. Canolol = −0.889 to −0.968), and the DPPH activity was also linearly and significantly correlated with the content of total phenolics and canolol in oils. (DPPH vs. Tatal phenolics = 0.910–0.945; DPPH vs. Canolol = 0.941–0.962; p<0.001). When the autoxidation test was completed (on the 10th wk), it was found that the contents of canolol and total phenolics in MWRO were the highest, followed by UTRO + TBHQ, and UTRO. These results indicate that the MWRO exhibited superior oxidative stability.Practical application: Canolol, also known as vinylsyringol, is a phenolic compound that has been identified as a decarboxylation product of sinapic acid, and this type of compounds is known for scavenging free radicals. In this study, we evaluated the changes occurring during storage in the contents of canolol and the total phenolics, oxidative stability, and antioxidant capacity of rapeseed oil and found good correlation among the canolol content, oxidative stability, and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we can use canolol as a native antioxidant for rapeseed oil production in the future.Canolol in rapeseed and rapeseed oil that is formed by thermal decarboxylation of sinapic acid under microwave irradiation. Canolol formation has been shown to improve the oxidative stability of oil from microtreated rapeseed. The results showed a very good correlation between the level of primary oxidative products (peroxide values), secondary oxidative products (p‐anisidine values) and the contents of canolol in the rapeseed oil during storage. So, canolol has potential applications in oil storage.
Composites of malonic acid diamides and phospholipids – Structural parameters for optimal transfection efficiency in A549 cells
Authors: Janich Christopher , Wölk Christian , Taßler Stephanie , Drescher Simon , Meister Annette , Brezesinski Gerald , Dobner Bodo , Langner Andreas 
Published: May 2014

The aggregation behavior of various zwitterionic helper phospholipids, such as DOPE, DOPC, and DPPC, in combination with two new cationic lipids, namely TH4 and OH4 (second generation of malonic acid diamides) in different molar ratios was studied with regard to their physical–chemical properties. Additionally, lipoplexes prepared from these lipid mixtures were characterized with respect to the transfection efficacy using an EGFP‐assay. The lipid mixtures with the fluid cationic lipid OH4 and DOPE have shown comparable transfection efficiency with Lipofectamine 2000®. Furthermore, this report demonstrates the huge influence of the helper lipid on the transfection efficiency. Thereby, alkyl chain fluidity, lipid miscibility and charge density have an important influence on an efficient gene transfer.Practical applications: Although lipofection is a topic of gene therapy since 1989, finding an effective lipid system with new cationic lipids is still a process of trial and error. There is much unknown about the process of lipoplex formation as well as the release of the genetic cargo. Aim of the presented work is to find physical–chemical parameters which are connected with an effective gene transfer.This report demonstrates the influence of the cationic and helper lipid on the transfection efficiency. Thereby, alkyl chain fluidity, lipid miscibility and charge density have an important influence on an efficient gene transfer.
Liquid and gas chromatographic analyses of triacylglycerols for Asian sesame oil traceability
Authors: Bang Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Cheong‐Tae , Kim Byung Hee 
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to investigate the triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of Asian sesame oils and to differentiate the geographic origins of the oils using the analytical data in combination with canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The TAG compositions of 51 Korean, 19 Chinese, and 14 Indian sesame oil samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector (LC‐ELSD) and GC‐FID, separately. The TAG content values determined by LC‐ELSD showed strong positive linear correlation to those measured by GC‐FID. The CDA results showed that good discrimination (hit ratio, ∼92%) between the oil samples was achieved by applying the respective canonical variables generated from the LC‐ELSD and GC‐FID data. The CDA using GC‐FID data accurately characterized the origins of all the four additional commercial oil samples (two Korean and two Chinese products), whereas the CDA using LC‐ELSD data correctly characterized the origins of only two samples. This study demonstrated that both LC‐ELSD and GC‐FID analyses of TAG compositions were useful tools for characterizing the geographic origin of the oils and the separation of the Korean sesame oils from the other two groups of oils using the GC‐FID data was more efficient than that using the LC‐ELSD data.Practical applications: The simplicity and universality of GC‐FID and LC‐ELSD make the analysis of TAG composition using these chromatographic systems a practical and feasible procedure for tracing the geographic origin of the sesame oils. The combination of TAG analysis with methods to analyze different constituents in sesame oils would enhance the accuracy of the oil traceability.Score plots of two canonical variables derived from CDA using liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector (LC‐ELSD) data and GC‐FID data for the Korean, Chinese, and Indian roasted sesame oils.
Mechanism of GABA involvement in post‐traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain: Activation of neuronal circuitry composed of PKCγ interneurons and pERK1/2 expressing neurons
Authors: Dieb W. , Hafidi A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundGABA disinhibition within the spinal dorsal horn has been implicated in pain hypersensitivity on injury in different neuropathic models. However, GABA alteration has been explored in only one study on trigeminal neuropathic pain.MethodsThe present study investigated the implication of GABA in trigeminal dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) obtained after chronic constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CCI‐IoN), and explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which GABA dysfunction induced DMA.ResultsOur data demonstrated a significant decrease in labelling in two GABA cell markers, glutamate acid decarboxylase (GAD67), and parvalbumin, in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of allodynic rats in comparison to sham rats. Increasing GABA by intracisternal injections of vigabatrin (VGB), a blocker of the catabolic enzyme GABA transaminase, alleviated pain behaviour and restored normal GABA cell marker expression in allodynic MDH. Interestingly, intracisternal VGB administration also significantly decreased PKCγ staining, i.e., of its phosphorylated active form and the number of pERK1/2 positive cells within the MDH. These two markers were highly expressed in allodynic MDH.ConclusionThe circuitry composed of PKCγ and pERK1/2 cells is silent under physiological conditions but is activated after CCI‐IoN, therefore, switching touch stimuli to pain sensation. The decrease of GABA transmission constituted a key factor in the activation of this neuronal circuitry, which opens the gate for non‐noxious stimuli to reach nociceptive projection neurons in lamina I.
Self‐reported pain severity is associated with a history of coronary heart disease
Authors: Parsons S. , McBeth J. , Macfarlane G.J. , Hannaford P.C , Symmons D.P.M 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found an association between chronic pain and cardiovascular (CV) mortality.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the severity of pain and non‐fatal CV disease.MethodsA total of 45,994 adults randomly selected from general practice registers in Manchester and Aberdeen were posted a survey, which included a Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire, pain manikin and questions about lifestyle and medical history. A single component measuring pain severity was extracted using factor analysis. Logistic regression was used to test for an association between quintiles of pain severity and a history of CV disease, adjusting for confounders.ResultsOf the 15,288 responders, 61% (n = 9357) reported pain for ≥1 day in the past month. Compared with the first (lowest) pain severity quintile, the fully adjusted odds ratio for heart attack in the second severity quintile was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 0.68, 2.30); third quintile: 1.65 (0.93, 2.94); fourth quintile: 1.76 (1.00, 3.11) and fifth (highest) quintile 2.47 (1.43, 4.28). Corresponding figures for angina (excluding heart attack) were: 1.79 (0.93, 3.45), 1.91 (1.00, 3.62), 1.03 (0.50, 2.11) and 3.17 (1.71, 5.85).ConclusionA history of CV disease is reported more often in those with severe pain than would be expected by chance, even when adjusting for shared risk factors.
Paths to First Treatment and Duration of Untreated Illness in Anorexia Nervosa: Are There Differences According to Age of Onset?
Authors: Neubauer Karolin , Weigel Angelika , Daubmann Anne , Wendt Hanna , Rossi Maddalena , Löwe Bernd , Gumz Antje 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study examined paths to first treatment and the duration of untreated illness in 140 anorexia nervosa patients using validated questionnaires and a clinical interview. The differences between individuals with an early (≤14 years,n = 40), intermediate (15–18 years,n = 53) and late onset (≥19 years,n = 47) were investigated. Participants were most commonly informed about their diagnosis and first treatment facility through general practitioners and paediatricians. The duration of untreated illness exceeded 2 years in the complete sample (25.14 months) and was longest for individuals with an early onset. The early onset group was more often externally vs. internally motivated and more frequently informed about treatment options by their social network, e.g. parents, than patients with a late onset. The results emphasize the relevance of training general practitioners and paediatricians about anorexia, the need to include parents and teachers in eating disorder prevention and to improve targeting young individuals in early interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The Effect of Dental Insurance on the Use of Dental Care for Older Adults: A Partial Identification Analysis
Authors: Kreider Brent , Manski Richard J. , Moeller John , Pepper John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe evaluate the impact of dental insurance on the use of dental services using a potential outcomes identification framework designed to handle uncertainty created by unknown counterfactuals—that is, the endogenous selection problem—and uncertainty about the reliability of self‐reported insurance status. Using data from the health and retirement study, we estimate that utilization rates of adults older than 50 years would increase from 75% to around 80% under universal dental coverage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent bioaccumulation of distinct rod‐type TiO2 nanoparticles: Comparison by crystalline phase
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Yoon Cheolho , Kang Min‐Sung , Kim Soo Nam , Cho Myung‐Haing , Kim Jae‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA complete understanding of the interaction between nanoparticles and biological systems, including nanoparticle uptake and distribution and the biological responses, could guide the design of safer and more effective nanoparticles than those currently available. In this study, we compared the distribution in mice over time of two rod‐type titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNPs) that feature distinct phases, anatase (ATO) and brookite (BTO). Surface areas of BTO and ATO were estimated to be 102 and 268 m2 g–1, respectively, and negative charge on the surface of ATO was higher than that of BTO in deionized water. Both TiNPs were rapidly distributed into tissues after injection. At 4 weeks after injection, both TiNPs were maximally accumulated in the spleen, followed by the liver, but the total accumulation of ATO in tissues measured in this study was more than that of BTO. Moreover, the cellular antioxidant function was similar although the levels of Ti measured in tissues were distinct between the two TiNPs. Based on these results, we suggest that the fate of TiNPs in the body may differ according to the size and surface charge of the TiNPs even when their shape is the same. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grafting MAP peptide to dental polymer inhibits MMP‐8 activity
Authors: Dixit Namrata , Settle Jenifer K. , Ye Qiang , Berrie Cindy L. , Spencer Paulette , Laurence Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of zinc and calcium‐dependent endopeptidases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Their activity is critical for both normal biological function and pathological processes (Dejonckheere et al., Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011;22:73–81). In dental restorations, the release and subsequent acid activation of MMPs contributes to premature failure. In particular, MMP‐8 accelerates degradation by cleaving the collagen matrix within the dentin substrate in incompletely infiltrated aged bonded dentin (Buzalaf et al., Adv Dent Res 2012;24:72–76), hastening the need for replacement of restorations. Therefore, development of a dental adhesive that better resists MMP‐8 activity is of significant interest. We hypothesize that modification of the polymer surface with an inhibitor would disable MMP‐8 activity. Here, we identify the metal abstraction peptide (MAP) as an inhibitor of MMP‐8 and demonstrate that tethering MAP to methacrylate polymers effectively inhibits catalysis. Our findings indicate complete inhibition of MMP‐8 is achievable using a grafting approach. This strategy has potential to improve longevity of dental adhesives and other polymers and enable rational design of a new generation of biocompatible materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 324–331, 2015.
In vitro biocompatibility and cellular interactions of a chitosan/dextran‐based hydrogel for postsurgical adhesion prevention
Authors: Aziz Manal A. , Cabral Jaydee D. , Brooks Heather J. L. , McConnell Michelle A. , Fitzpatrick Clare , Hanton Lyall R. , Moratti Stephen C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we report the in vitro biocompatibility and cellular interactions of a chitosan/dextran‐based (CD) hydrogel and its components as determined by mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, cytokine/chemokine response, and wound healing assays. The CD hydrogel, developed for postsurgical adhesion prevention in ear, nose, and throat surgeries, was shown by previously published experiments in animal and human trials to be effective. The hydrogel was synthesized from the reaction between succinyl chitosan (SC) and oxidized dextran (DA). Cytotoxicity was assessed in an xCELLigence system and cytokine/chemokine responses were measured by ELISA in human macrophage, nasopharyngeal epithelial, and dermal fibroblast cells. A wound healing model utilized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. CD hydrogel and DA were nonmutagenic in the Ames test. CD hydrogel showed moderate cytotoxicity for the cell lines, DA being the cytotoxic component. Some inhibition of wound healing occurred due to the cytotoxic nature of DA. Cells cultured with CD hydrogel showed no increase in TNF‐α, IL‐10, and IL‐8 levels. It is hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of DA is moderated when reacted with SC and that CD hydrogel inhibits unwanted fibroblastic invasion preventing scarring and adhesions. Together with the previously published human and animal trial data, the results indicate CD hydrogel is biocompatible in the setting of endoscopic sinus surgery. This work represents the first study of CD hydrogel with human cell lines and provides essential information for its future application in biomedicine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 332–341, 2015.
Tooth replacement without a dental lamina: The search for epithelial stem cells in Polypterus senegalus
Authors: Vandenplas Sam , De Clercq Adelbert , Huysseune Ann 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMost actinopterygians replace their teeth continuously throughout life. To address the question of where and how replacement teeth form in actinopterygians, it is advisable to investigate well‐chosen representatives within the lineage. The African bichir, Polypterus senegalus, belongs to the earliest diverged group of the actinopterygian lineage with currently living representatives. Its well characterized dentition, together with its phylogenetic position, make this species an attractive model to answer following questions: (1) when and where does the replacement tooth form and how is it connected with the dental organ of the predecessor, and (2) is there any evidence for the presence of epithelial stem cells, hypothesized to play a role in replacement? Serial sections show that one tooth family can contain up to three members, which are all interconnected by dental epithelium. Replacement teeth develop without the presence of a successional dental lamina. We propose that this is the plesiomorphic condition for tooth replacement in actinopterygians. BrdU pulse‐chase experiments reveal cells in the outer and middle dental epithelium, proliferating at the time of initiation of a new replacement tooth. It is tempting to assume that these cell layers provide a stem cell niche. The observed absence of label‐retaining cells after long chase times (up to 8 weeks) is held against the light of divergent views on cell cycling properties of stem cells. At present, our data do not support, neither reject, the hypothesis on involvement of epithelial stem cells within the process of continuous tooth replacement. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 281–293, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.