bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation and Migration Behavior of Benzophenones in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Shiung Yuan‐Chi , Chang Shu‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Yu , Lin Chen‐Hsing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe migration behavior and separation of eight benzophenones selected were investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis in the range of pH 7.5–11.5. The effect of buffer pH, the types of buffer electrolyte, and the concentration of phosphate‐borate buffer on the separation and selectivity of benzophenones selected were examined. Better separability can be obtained with phosphate‐borate buffer than with phosphate buffer or borate buffer at around pH 9.2. Baseline separation of eight benzophenones could be simultaneously and successfully achieved with an appropriate choice of buffer pH and the concentration of phosphate‐borate buffer in capillary zone electrophoresis. The migration order of benzophenones selected could be explained on the basis of the degree of ionization and molecular mass.
Adsorption of Acid Dyes by Functionalized SBA‐15 Mesoporous Silica of Different Pore Lengths
Authors: Lee Jan‐Yen , Chen Chia‐Han , Cheng Soofin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSBA‐15 materials of different pore lengths and functionalized with various organic groups were synthesized by one‐pot co‐condensation and applied as adsorbents for the acid orange 12 (AO12) and acid red 73 (AR73) dyes. The materials were characterized by techniques such as X‐ray powder diffraction, nitrogen sorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption behaviors of the SBA‐15 materials toward AO12 and AR73 dyes were investigated by varying several factors including morphologies of adsorbents, pH of solution, functional groups on SBA‐15, and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data agreed with Langmuir isotherms. The kinetic parameters were also calculated and the first‐order kinetic model fitted well for amino‐functionalized SBA‐15 material. The short channeling pores of the amino‐functionalized SBA‐15 platelets facilitated the diffusion of dye molecules inside the pores and prevented the aggregation of dye molecules from the blocking of the pores. To conclude, however, the adsorption capacity is dependent on the amount of amino‐loading and surface area of the SBA‐15 materials.
Complexation chemistry in liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv Ranjan , Lee Jae‐chun , Kim Min‐seuk 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis review addresses the dearth of knowledge about the interaction of rhenium species with organic solvents during the liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium. To describe such interactions, the aqueous chemistry of rhenium in unlike media, the extraction mechanism and the salient role of thermodynamic properties are also discussed. Formation of a rhenium‐complexed species inorganic phase and competition between the extracted species during extraction is described by inner and outer sphere coordination. Emergence of a stabilized complex in a hydrophobic environment is greatly affected by the interaction of electrostatic and/or H‐bonding. The chemistry of liquid–liquid extraction of rhenium that can further assist future studies in this area is also relevant to other metal ion systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Designing highly reliable adverse‐event detection systems to predict subsequent claims
Authors: Helmchen Lorens A. , Burke Maureen E. , Wojtusiak Janusz 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundTo respond proactively to patient safety events, many healthcare organizations have been enhancing and customizing their event reporting systems. Yet an indiscriminate expansion of the range and number of event reports may reduce, rather than raise, risk managers’ ability to detect events that warrant a response. To avoid becoming overwhelmed by too many event reports that have little immediate operational value, risk managers therefore require a concurrent and complementary refinement of their data‐processing capabilities.ObjectiveTo examine the extent to which adverse event reports can predict subsequent claims.Data and MethodsThe study sample included all adverse event reports and all records of closed claims that related to patient care episodes between July 1, 2006, and May 31, 2009, at a large hospital system in northern Virginia. After matching closed claims to event reports, we fitted multivariate predictive models to identify event report entries that predict future claims.ResultsDuring the period under study, 20 151 event reports and 94 claims were filed across the health system. We were able to match 60 claims (63.8%) to at least 1 preceding event report, implying that only 0.3% of event reports preceded a subsequent matching claim. The superior prediction model identified 90% of eventual matched claims by retaining only 20% of all event reports.ConclusionSimple prediction algorithms can supplement expert judgment by screening for reports that are likely to result in a claim, thereby enabling risk managers to evaluate adverse event reports more expeditiously and to identify, and ultimately prevent, serious safety lapses more reliably.
Effectiveness of selective neck dissection in head and neck cancer: The experience of two Italian centers
Authors: Barzan Luigi , Talamini Renato , Franchin Giovanni , Pin Marco , Silvestrini Marina , Grando Giuseppe , Galla Stefania , Savignano Maria Gabriella , Armas Gianluca , Margiotta Francesco , Vanoni Valentina , Magri Elena , Grandi Cesare 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes after a selective neck dissection (SND), both in elective and therapeutic settings, with particular regard to regional recurrence rate.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 827 patients with head and neck primary tumors submitted to SND from 1999 to 2011 in two large hospital centers of northern Italy.ResultsA total of 40 neck recurrences were found in the whole series, with the same incidence after primary or salvage surgery (4.4% and 5.2%, respectively), but only 22 neck recurrences occurred in the same side of the dissected neck (3.0%). Factors predicting an increase of ipsilateral neck relapse were pathologically positive nodes, number of positive nodes, and nodal ratio (ratio between positive nodes and total nodal removed), but the risk of regional relapse did not exceed 5.0% in any subgroups. A total of 320 patients (39%) had postoperative radiotherapy (52.0% and 22.0% after primary and salvage surgery, respectively). Considering the primary surgery group alone, postoperative radiotherapy produced only a light reduction of homolateral neck recurrence rate in patients with pathological positive nodes (2.4% vs. 5.0%), but it impacted significantly disease‐specific survival, both in pathological classification of nodes (pN)1 and pN2–3 patients.ConclusionThe SND can be considered a safe and sound procedure both in primary surgery and in salvage setting. Postoperative radiotherapy adds minor advantage to regional control only in node‐positive patients but may impact survival.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1849–1855, 2015
The topical use of insulin accelerates the healing of traumatic Tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Araujo Marcos Miranda , Murashima Adriana Andrade Batista , Alves Vani Maria , Jamur Maria Célia , Hyppolito Miguel Angelo 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveIn recent years, there has been a tendency to search for regulatory substances that can optimize the healing process of perforated tympanic membranes (TMs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using topical insulin on the healing process of traumatic TMs perforations.Study DesignExperimental.MethodsTympanic membranes of 20 Wistar rats were perforated in two sections, anterior and posterior to the malleus. The rats were divided into two groups: control and insulin. The insulin group was treated with topical regular insulin. The TMs were histologically examined 3, 5, and 7 days after the perforation through a morphometric analysis of the epithelial layer thickness, perforation size, TM cross‐sectional area, semiquantitative and qualitative evaluation of the collagen production by polarization microscopy, and immunohistochemical evaluation of epithelial cells and myofibroblasts markers.ResultsInsulin accelerated the healing process of the perforated TMs (P < 0.01); stimulated early thickening of the outer epithelial layer (P < 0.01); contributed to a larger identification of the antipankeratin antibody as epithelial marker (P < 0.05); and increased labeling of smooth muscle anti‐alpha‐actin antibody (P < 0.05), indicating greater proliferation of myofibroblasts. When the topical insulin was used, it resulted in a greater formation of collagen tissue (P < 0.05), with thicker and better‐organized collagen fibers (P < 0.05).ConclusionInsulin accelerated the healing process of TMs traumatic perforations.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:156–162, 2016
Cochlear gene transfer mediated by adeno‐associated virus: Comparison of two surgical approaches
Authors: Chien Wade W. , McDougald Devin S. , Roy Soumen , Fitzgerald Tracy S. , Cunningham Lisa L. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisGene therapy offers the possibility of delivering corrective genetic materials to the cochlea, potentially improving hearing. In animals, the most commonly used surgical methods for viral gene therapy delivery to the cochlea are the round window and the cochleostomy approaches. However, the patterns of viral infection and the effects on hearing have not been directly compared between these two approaches. In this study, we compare the patterns of cochlear infection and effects on hearing between these two surgical approaches using adeno‐associated virus serotype 2/8 (AAV8) as the gene delivery vehicle.Study DesignAnimal study and basic science research.MethodsOne‐ to two‐month‐old CBA/J mice were used in this study. AAV8‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) was delivered to the cochlea by either the round window or the cochleostomy approach (described below). Auditory brainstem response was used to examine hearing thresholds before and after surgery. Animals were examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery for the patterns of cochlear infection and hearing loss.ResultsCochlear gene transfer was successful through both surgical approaches. In both approaches, AAV8‐GFP mostly infected the inner hair cells. There was occasional low‐level infection of the outer hair cells and supporting cells. The two surgical approaches resulted in comparable viral infection efficiencies. The round window approach resulted in less surgical trauma, as indicated by hearing loss, than the cochleostomy approach.ConclusionsAdeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene transfer to the cochlea can be accomplished using either the round window or the cochleostomy surgical approach. The round window approach resulted in less hearing loss compared to the cochleostomy approach.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:2557–2564, 2015
The predictive value of the preoperative Sinonasal outcome test‐22 score in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hopkins Claire , Rudmik Luke , Lund Valerie J. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWith the aim of facilitating preference‐sensitive decision making regarding elective endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), we set out to evaluate the predictive value of the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) patient‐reported outcome measure and to compare outcomes of a UK cohort with a similar United States/Canadian–based study.Study DesignProspective observational cohort study,MethodsPatients electing ESS in 87 UK hospitals were enrolled. The primary outcome was change in SNOT‐22 score 3 months after surgery. Patients were categorized according to baseline SNOT‐22 score, and the proportion of patients achieving a SNOT‐22 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 8.9 was calculated, as well as the percentage change in SNOT‐22 score.ResultsA total of 2,263 patients were included within this study. There was an average 40% reduction in SNOT‐22 scores following surgery, and 66% of patients overall achieved the MCID. The proportion of patients achieving the MCID increased significantly with increasing baseline SNOT‐22. Patients with a preoperative score of <20 failed to achieve a mean improvement greater than the MCID. Patients with a score of >30 had a greater than 70% chance of achieving the MCID. CRS patients with polyps had greater improvement than patients with CRS without polyps. The predictive value of the SNOT‐22 is similar in the UK cohort, although overall patients did not benefit from surgery as much as their North American counterparts.ConclusionsMedically recalcitrant patients with CRS considering surgery should make decisions guided by their preoperative quality‐of‐life impairment, as measured by the SNOT‐22.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 125:1779–1784, 2015
Orbital decompression for the management of thyroid eye disease: An analysis of outcomes and complications
Authors: Kingdom Todd T. , Davies Brett W. , Durairaj Vikram D. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the clinical outcomes for a large cohort of patients who underwent orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED) utilizing a consistent surgical approach performed by a single surgical team.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsClinical data were gathered for patients who had undergone surgical decompression for TED. Outcomes analysis included reduction in proptosis (millimeters, Hertel measurements), visual acuity change (Snellen chart), diplopia (new or worsening), and complications.ResultsAll patients underwent a combined endoscopic transnasal (medial) and transconjunctival (inferior/lateral) approach. A total of 114 surgeries (orbits) were performed on 77 patients during the period 2002 to 2013. Average follow‐up was 31.3 months (range, 1–126 months). At last follow up, mean reduction in proptosis across all patients was 3.2 mm (range, 0–9 mm). Postoperatively, no patients reported new diplopia, whereas two patients reported worsening of their existing diplopia (3.8%). Decompression was performed for proptosis in 62 patients (91 orbits), and for compressive optic neuropathy (CON) in 15 patients (23 orbits). When performed for proptosis, mean reduction in proptosis was 3.4 mm. Vision was maintained or improved in all patients, including those presenting with CON.ConclusionsAnalysis of outcomes in this large cohort showed no new cases of diplopia and only two cases of worsening diplopia balanced with a mean reduction in proptosis consistent with previously reported series. In addition, we demonstrate excellent results stratified by clinical indication (proptosis vs. CON). These results validate the combined endoscopic–transconjunctival approach to orbital decompression for patients with symptomatic TED.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2034–2040, 2015
Well‐Defined High Molecular Weight Polystyrene with High Rates and High Livingness Synthesized via Two‐Stage RAFT Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Yan Kun , Gao Xiang , Luo Yingwu 
Published: April 2015

A highly living polymer with over 100 kg mol−1 molecular weight is very difficult to achieve by controlled radical polymerization since the unavoidable side reactions of irreversible radical termination and radical chain transfer to monomer reaction become significant. It is reported that over 500 kg mol−1 polystyrene with high livingness and low dispersity could be synthesized by a facile two‐stage reversible addition–fragmentation transfer emulsion polymerization. The monomer conversion reaches 90% within 10 h. High livingness of the product is ascribed to the extremely low initiator concentration and the chain transfer constant for monomer unexpectedly much lower than the well‐accepted values in the conventional radical polymerization. The two‐stage monomer feeding policy much decreases the dispersity of the product.
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Accelerated T1ρ acquisition for knee cartilage quantification using compressed sensing and data‐driven parallel imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Pandit Prachi , Rivoire Julien , King Kevin , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2015

PurposeQuantitative T1ρ imaging is beneficial for early detection for osteoarthritis but has seen limited clinical use due to long scan times. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of accelerated T1ρ mapping for knee cartilage quantification using a combination of compressed sensing (CS) and data‐driven parallel imaging (ARC‐Autocalibrating Reconstruction for Cartesian sampling).MethodsA sequential combination of ARC and CS, both during data acquisition and reconstruction, was used to accelerate the acquisition of T1ρ maps. Phantom, ex vivo (porcine knee), and in vivo (human knee) imaging was performed on a GE 3T MR750 scanner. T1ρ quantification after CS‐accelerated acquisition was compared with non CS‐accelerated acquisition for various cartilage compartments.ResultsAccelerating image acquisition using CS did not introduce major deviations in quantification. The coefficient of variation for the root mean squared error increased with increasing acceleration, but for in vivo measurements, it stayed under 5% for a net acceleration factor up to 2, where the acquisition was 25% faster than the reference (only ARC).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of CS for in vivo T1ρ quantification. These early results show that this technique holds great promise in making quantitative imaging techniques more accessible for clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 75:1256–1261, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are DTTO and iso‐DTTO Worthwhile Targets for Synthesis?
Authors: Christe Karl O. , Dixon David A. , Vasiliu Monica , Wagner Ross I. , Haiges Ralf , Boatz Jerry A. , Ammon the late Herman L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTheoretical calculations were carried out for the isomeric di‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazine tetraoxides (DTTO and iso‐DTTO). The most important explosion performance parameters, the detonation pressure and detonation velocity, are dominated by the densities and not by the heats of formation of these compounds. Since DTTO and iso‐DTTO are unknown, reliable predictions of their crystal densities are crucial for an evaluation of the potential of these materials as explosives. In this study, the crystal densities were predicted using both Ammon’s Atom/Functional Group and Atom Code Volume Additivity Parameters and Quantum Mechanical molecular Volume methods, resulting in similar densities and explosion parameters. Although the likely uncertainties in our predicted density values are difficult to assess due to a lack of experimental data for closely related known compounds, our results demonstrate that Shechter’s originally proposed densities and performance parameters were grossly overestimated. Furthermore, it is shown that, based on our predicted density value ranges, DTTO and iso‐DTTO could match or substantially outperform the best state of the art explosives, such as CL‐20. Therefore, the synthesis of DTTO and iso‐DTTO should be further pursued.
Thermochemical, Sensitivity and Detonation Characteristics of New Thermally Stable High Performance Explosives
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Esmailpour Karim , Zamani Mehdi , Roknabadi Akbar Gholami 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe M06‐2X/6‐311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) density functional methods and electrostatic potential analysis were used for calculation of enthalpy of sublimation, crystal density and enthalpy of formation of some thermally stable explosives in the gas and solid phases. These data were used for prediction of their detonation properties including heat of detonation, detonation pressure, detonation velocity, detonation temperature, electric spark sensitivity, impact sensitivity and deflagration temperature using appropriate methods. The range of different properties for these compounds are: crystal density 1.51–2.01 g cm−3, enthalpy of sublimation 346.4–424.7 kJ mol−1, the solid phase enthalpy of formation 500.4–860.6 kJ mol−1, heat of detonation 13.64–17.57 kJ g−1, detonation pressure 33.0–37.0 GPa, detonation velocity 8.5–9.5 km s−1, detonation temperature 5488–6234 K, electric spark sensitivity 7.89–9.47 J, impact sensitivity 21–38 J, deflagration temperature 560–586 K and power [%TNT] 207–276. The results show that two novel energetic compounds N,N′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diylbis(2,3,5,6‐tetranitro‐4,1‐phenylene))bis(5‐nitro‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐amine) (DDTNPNT3A) and 1,1′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diylbis(2,3,5,6‐tetranitro‐4,1‐phenylene))bis(3‐nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐amine) (DDTNPNT5A) can be introduced as thermally explosives with high detonation performance.
#SocialNetworks
Authors: Williams Lunetta , Scott Kelly , Simone Danielle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStudents must be proficient readers of nonfiction texts to be successful in school and life. Since engaging students in this genre can be challenging, this article focuses on how students can respond digitally and socially to nonfiction through the use of free, secure social networks. Not only can students become more engaged in learning when using these networks, but their technology knowledge can increase as well. An overview of four social networks is included, along with helpful information that teachers need to know as they begin to use the networks. This article presents interesting application ideas for using social networks with nonfiction that teachers can immediately incorporate into their classrooms.
Stakeholder and public participation in river basin management—an introduction
Authors: Carr Gemma 
Published: April 2015

Participation of the public and stakeholders in river basin management is increasingly promoted because it is expected to improve resource management and enable participants to engage freely and equally in management (support democratic processes). Three overlapping and interacting mechanisms by which participation is expected to enhance river basin management are outlined: (1) providing space for deliberation and consensus building for better quality decisions, (2) mobilizing and developing human and social capital for better quality decisions and their implementation, and (3) raising the legitimacy of decisions to facilitate their implementation. There are several complexities associated with each of the mechanisms that add challenges to realizing the expectations of participation. They include the need to carefully manage consensus building and conflict to maximize the quality of the decision without jeopardizing the potential for implementation; being aware of and implementing strategies to manage asymmetrical power relationships between participants; ensuring that participants perceive benefits from participation that exceed costs; and defining criteria for a legitimate process, and a legitimate decision, that satisfy all participants. Strategies identified to address these challenges focus on managing the characteristics of the participation process. Ongoing evaluation during a participation program or project is essential to reflect and refine how participation is being done, to address the challenges and endeavor to achieve high‐quality decisions that can be implemented efficiently. WIREs Water 2015, 2:393–405. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1086This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance