bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Hyporheic Zone Response to Water Table Fluctuations
Authors: Malzone Jonathan M. , Anseeuw Sierra K. , Lowry Christopher S. , Allen‐King Richelle 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExpansion and contraction of the hyporheic zone due to temporal hydrologic changes between stream and riparian aquifer influence the biogeochemical cycling capacity of streams. Theoretical studies have quantified the control of groundwater discharge on the depth of the hyporheic zone; however, observations of temporal groundwater controls are limited. In this study, we develop the concept of groundwater‐dominated differential hyporheic zone expansion to explain the temporal control of groundwater discharge on the hyporheic zone in a third‐order stream reach flowing through glacially derived terrain typical of the Great Lakes region. We define groundwater‐dominated differential expansion of the hyporheic zone as: differing rates and magnitudes of hyporheic zone expansion in response to seasonal vs. storm‐related water table fluctuation. Specific conductance and vertical hydraulic gradient measurements were used to map changes in the hyporheic zone during seasonal water table decline and storm events. Planar and riffle beds were monitored in order to distinguish the cause of increasing hyporheic zone depth. Planar bed seasonal expansion of the hyporheic zone was of a greater magnitude and longer in duration (weeks to months) than storm event expansion (hours to days). In contrast, the hyporheic zone beneath the riffle bed exhibited minimal expansion in response to seasonal groundwater decline compared to storm related expansion. Results indicated that fluctuation in the riparian water table controlled seasonal expansion of the hyporheic zone along the planar bed. This groundwater induced hyporheic zone expansion could increase the potential for biogeochemical cycling and natural attenuation.
Telaprevir versus simeprevir for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Yoshida Yoshihro , Kurihara Takeshi , Harimoto Norifumi , Itoh Shinji , Shimokawa Masahiro , Fukuhara Takasuke , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2015

AimOur aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of telaprevir (TVR)‐ or simeprevir (SMV)‐based triple therapy for recurrent hepatitis C after living donor liver transplantation.MethodsTwenty‐six patients received antiviral therapy, consisting of either TVR (n = 12) or SMV (n = 14) in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, plus cyclosporin.ResultsMore patients had a dose reduction of the direct‐acting agent (36.3% vs 0.0%, P = 0.02) or required blood transfusion for anemia (58.3% vs 7.1%, P < 0.01) in the TVR group. The cyclosporin trough/dose ratio increased significantly from week 0 to week 4 in the TVR group (1.6 ± 0.4 to 5.1 ± 2.0, P < 0.01), but not in the SMV group (1.2 ± 0.3 to 1.3 ± 0.2, P = 0.68). The 24‐week cumulative viral clearance rate was 91.7% and 85.7% in the TVR and in SMV groups, respectively. The early viral response and sustained viral response rates were 91.7% and 83.3%, respectively, in the TVR group, compared with 85.7% and 64.3%, respectively, in the SMV group. Interferon‐mediated graft dysfunction occurred in four and five patients in the TVR and SMV groups, respectively; two patients were treated by oral steroids, five by steroid pulse and two by thymoglobulin, resulting in viral breakthrough in one case.ConclusionSMV‐based triple therapy was associated with fewer adverse events and drug interactions with cyclosporin, and possibly less antiviral properties to TVR. Interferon‐mediated graft dysfunction is a significant clinical problem that warrants particular caution following living donor liver transplantation.
Effects of Oxidation Curing of Polycarbosilane on Dielectric and Microwave Absorption Properties of PDCs‐SiC Ceramics
Authors: Shi Yimin , Luo Fa , Ding Donghai , Wan Feng , Zhou Wancheng , Zhu Dongmei 
Published: June 2015

Polycarbosilane (PCS) was cured by oxidizing at different temperatures and pyrolyzed at 1000°C in vacuum. The dielectric properties of SiC ceramics were studied in X band. The ε′ and ε″ of SiC ceramics derived from oxidation‐curing PCS decreased to 4 and 0.35, respectively, which attribute to the decrease of free carbon content and order. SiC ceramic derived from PCS cured at 180°C showed that reflection loss was lower than −10 dB in the frequency range from 8.2 to 11.3 GHz and the minimum value was −26.7 dB at 9.6 GHz, which exhibits a promising prospect as microwave‐absorbing materials.
A Turkish translation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ‐2002/LONG) adapted for young workers in high‐risk jobs
Authors: Aktas Emine , Esin Melek Nihal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundOccupational skin diseases (OSDs) represent 10–40% of all occupational diseases in many industrialized countries. Young workers are frequently exposed to toxic substances and chemicals in the workplace. The occupational conditions of young workers can impose a high level of risk for the occurrence of OSDs. The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ‐2002) was developed in English as a new, comprehensive, standardized tool with which to screen for OSDs.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to translate the NOSQ‐2002 into Turkish and to culturally adapt the long version of the instrument for use with young workers in jobs with high risk for the occurrence of OSDs.MethodsForward and back translations were carried out. Problematic items were modified until the Turkish‐language version achieved a satisfactory consensus with the original version of the NOSQ‐2002. The final Turkish version was tested in 40 randomly selected young workers with and without OSDs who were studying in the fields of hairdressing, jewelry making, and car mechanics at vocational training schools run by the National Education Ministry.ResultsWhen the original questionnaire had been translated into the target language, a first consensus version was evaluated by an expert panel. The expert panel determined that 36 questions (63.2%) in the Turkish version required some level of modification in order to facilitate clear understanding. Cognitive interviews were then performed. After some modification, the final Turkish version was established and tested among young workers.ConclusionsThe new Turkish version of the NOSQ is a comprehensible, reliable, and useful tool that can be applied to young workers in specific occupations.
New observations of intraoperative dermoscopic features of the nail matrix and bed in longitudinal melanonychia
Authors: Göktay Fatih , Güneş Pembegül , Yaşar Şirin , Güder Hüsna , Aytekin Sema 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the following four patterns have been defined in intraoperative dermoscopy of the nail matrix and bed in longitudinal melanonychia (LM): (i) a regular gray pattern; (ii) a regular brown pattern; (iii) a regular brown pattern with globules or blotches; and (iv) an irregular pattern. Histopathological findings in these patterns are, respectively: (i) melanocyte activation; (ii) mostly melanocytic hyperplasia (melanocytic activation and melanoma can also be seen); (iii) only melanocytic nevi; and (iv) only melanoma.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare these patterns with intraoperative dermoscopic findings in another series of five patients with LM.MethodsNail plate dermoscopy, intraoperative nail matrix and bed dermoscopy, and histopathological examinations in five patients with LM were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsIntraoperative dermoscopy of the nail bed and matrix in patients in whom nail plate dermoscopy demonstrated regular brown lines showed a regular brown pattern with globules in two cases, only globules in one case, and a regular gray pattern in one case. An irregular pattern with globules and blotches was observed in one patient who exhibited irregular brown lines in nail plate dermoscopy. Histopathological examinations showed only hypermelanosis in one case with a regular gray pattern, hypermelanosis and melanophages in cases with a regular brown pattern with globules, blue nevus in one case with an irregular brown pattern with globules and blotches, and only melanophages in one case with globules only.ConclusionsHistopathological findings that differ from the patterns previously reported were found. An irregular pattern may also be seen in benign melanocytic nevi such as subungual blue nevus. A globular pattern may be defined as a new pattern corresponding to melanophages only. Additional dermoscopic and histopathological images should be shared to facilitate the development of further understanding and the standardization of the intraoperative dermoscopy of LM.
Frequency of body dysmorphic disorder among patients with complaints of hair loss
Authors: Dogruk Kacar Seval , Ozuguz Pinar , Bagcioglu Erman , Coskun Kerem Senol , Polat Serap , Karaca Semsettin , Ozbulut Omer 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition in which a disabling preoccupation with a non‐existent or slight defect in appearance is the main symptom. Hair concerns are frequent in patients with BDD.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BDD among patients with complaints of hair loss.MethodsA validated BDD questionnaire (BDDQ) was administered to 150 patients with complaints of hair loss and 150 control subjects who were selected from among general dermatology (GD) patients. Standard statistical tests were performed (descriptive analysis, chi‐squared tests, non‐parametric tests). Differences that achieved a P‐value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong patients with complaints of hair loss, 42 of 142 subjects retained in the study (29.6%; 31 females and 11 males) were diagnosed with BDD. Furthermore, 25.6% of female patients and 52.4% of male patients were diagnosed with BDD (P = 0.013). Hair concerns were more common in males than in females (P < 0.05). In the GD group, four control subjects (2.7%, all female) were diagnosed with BDD; all of their concerns focused on the body and acne.ConclusionsThe incidence of BDD is about 10 times higher in patients with complaints of hair loss than it is in GD patients and is higher in males. Awareness of the condition and the referral of selected patients to mental health professionals is crucial.
Multiple microneedling sessions for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation: an objective assessment
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Barakat Manal , Awad Sherif , Medhat Walid , El‐Fakahany Hasan , Farag Hanna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling or percutaneous collagen induction is a new modality used for skin rejuvenation, tightening, and scar remodeling. It offers a simple and effective treatment for photoaged skin with minimal disruption of the epidermis, thus limiting adverse effects and minimizing downtime.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy, coupled with quantitative assessment, of the histological changes in response to multiple sessions of skin microneedling in the treatment of aging skin.Patients and methodsTen patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV and Glogau class II to III wrinkles were subjected to six skin microneedling sessions at 2‐week intervals. Standard photographs and skin biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and at one and three months after the start of treatment. Histometry for epidermal thickness and quantitative evaluation of collagen types I, III, and VII, newly synthesized collagen, total elastin, and tropoelastin were performed for all skin biopsies.ResultsSkin microneedling produced noticeable clinical improvement of photoaged skin, with corresponding histological enhancement. Compared to the baseline, collagen types I, III, and VII, as well as newly synthesized collagen, together with tropoelastin showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in response to treatment, while the mean level of total elastin was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after treatment.ConclusionsSkin microneedling is a promising minimally invasive treatment option with the advantage of increased collagen production. However, multiple sessions are usually needed to maintain the improvement achieved.
Eighteen cases of wheat allergy and wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced urticaria/anaphylaxis sensitized by hydrolyzed wheat protein in soap
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoko , Ito Tomonobu , Kawakami Hiroshi , Fuzishiro Kanzan , Hirano Hirofumi , Okubo Yukari , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundGlupearl 19S, an acid‐hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP), is used widely in Japan as a moisturizing ingredient in facial soaps. Since 2010, there has been an increasing number of reports of contact urticaria and wheat allergy resulting from the use of products containing this substance.Case reportsSixty‐one patients who had used HWP‐containing facial soap visited our hospital. Thirty‐five of these experienced urticaria or anaphylaxis after consuming wheat‐containing food.ResultsEighteen of the 35 patients tested positive to 0.01% Glupearl 19S solution. Wheat‐specific IgE and serum gluten‐specific IgE were higher in the patients with HWP allergy than in non‐HWP allergy patients. Among the patients who tested positive to Glupearl 19S on the skin prick test, nine experienced HWP–wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis, and four experienced food‐dependent anaphylaxis. Moreover, four of these patients not only experienced food‐dependent anaphylaxis but also a worsening of the symptoms during exercise.DiscussionThe clinical symptomology was so variable that the patients were classified into six groups. We found that patients with HWP allergy tended to manifest symptoms of both HWP–wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis and contact urticaria. The etiology of hydrolyzed wheat protein allergy is unknown. Patients with a history of these symptoms need to be informed about the risk of consuming wheat‐containing foods and the importance of excluding such items from their diet.
Atherogenic index of plasma in non‐obese women with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Bakry Ola A. , El Farargy Shawky M. , Ghanayem Naglaa , Soliman Amal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the local and gradual transformation of terminal scalp hair into vellus hair, which has a shorter and thinner shaft. Several studies have analyzed the relationship between AGA and cardiovascular disease in males, and few were conducted in females. The current study aimed to investigate lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma in non‐obese females with AGA.MethodsForty non‐obese females with early‐onset AGA were selected with 40 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects as a control group. Total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured, and the atherogenic index of plasma was calculated for all cases and control subjects.ResultsMean values of total cholesterol (P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.03), and triglycerides (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in cases than controls. Mean value of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in cases than controls (P = 0.008). The atherogenic index of plasma was significantly higher in cases than controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionCurrent findings support the relationship between early‐onset AGA and unfavorable lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in affected females. Assessment and follow‐up of these cases will allow early intervention to avoid cardiovascular complications.
Calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel compared with calcipotriol scalp solution in the treatment of scalp psoriasis: a randomized, controlled trial investigating efficacy and safety in a Chinese population
Authors: Ma Li , Yang Qinping , Yang Haizhen , Wang Gang , Zheng Min , Hao Fei , Gu Jun , Sun Qiuning , Cui Pangen , Ge Mengliang , Li Ruoyu , Gao Tianwen , Facy Patrice , Kurvits Merle , Xu Zhenyi , Xu Jinhua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundCalcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate combination in a non‐alcoholic, lipophilic gel formulation (two‐compound gel) has previously been demonstrated as a safe and effective treatment for scalp psoriasis in Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino, and Black/African American populations. The purpose of this randomized, investigator‐blinded, active‐controlled, 4‐week study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two‐compound gel in Chinese subjects with scalp psoriasis.MethodSubjects were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to four weeks of treatment with either the two‐compound gel once daily or calcipotriol scalp solution twice daily. Subjects were evaluated after one, two, and four weeks of treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of subjects who achieved “controlled disease” defined as “clear” or “minimal” disease according to investigator's global assessment of disease severity at week 4.ResultsThe proportion of subjects who achieved “controlled disease” at week 4 was statistically significantly higher in the two‐compound gel group (87.5%) than in the calcipotriol solution group (50.8%), (P < 0.0001). Greater and more rapid improvements with the two‐compound gel were also observed in clinical signs (redness, thickness, and scaliness) and itching. The two‐compound gel was associated with fewer adverse drug reactions than calcipotriol scalp solution (18.6% vs. 33.1%) (P = 0.011).ConclusionsThe calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate gel applied once daily was significantly more effective and better tolerated than calcipotriol scalp solution applied twice daily in the treatment of scalp psoriasis over four weeks in Chinese subjects.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an unusual complication of leprosy
Authors: Saidi Wafa , Gammoudi Rima , Korbi Mouna , Aounallah Amina , Boussofara Lobna , Ghariani Najet , Sriha Badreddine , Braham Nejia , Denguezli Mohamed , Belajouza Colandane , Nouira Rafia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition of chaotic uncontrolled immune system stimulation and not fully understood pathophysiology. Most reported cases of hemophagocytic syndrome in patients with mycobacterial infections have been associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As far as we could ascertain, to date, no established HLH case complicating leprosy has been published in the medical literature.Case reportWe describe here a new case of Hansen's disease in a 58‐year‐old Tunisian man with an unusual complicated clinical course documented as hemophagocytic syndrome. Cutaneous and neurological involvements were the main clinical signs of Hansen's disease. Histological findings suggested the diagnosis of leprosy and were somewhat more characteristic of the lepromatous leprosy type. While on antileprosy treatment, he developed unexplained persistent fever, organomegaly, bicytopenia, and elevated rate of inflammatory markers with bone marrow aspirate showing large macrophages with increased phagocytosis of mature and immature blood elements, typical features of hemophagocytic syndrome.ConclusionA high index of suspicion is essential for prompt diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome in the setting of disseminated infection such as leprosy.
Effectiveness and safety of clofazimine and pentoxifylline in type 2 lepra reaction: a double‐blind, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Roy Kunal , Sil Amrita , Das Nilay K. , Bandyopadhyay Debabrata 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundType 2 lepra reaction (T2R) is a difficult‐to‐manage condition in leprosy, and an effective and safe steroid‐sparing agent is needed for its management. The World Health Organization proposes clofazimine and recommends pentoxifylline for T2R. Our study was done to compare the effectiveness and safety of clofazimine and pentoxifylline therapy in patients with T2R.MethodsTwenty patients with T2R were randomized equally. Group A received pentoxifylline 400 mg t.d.s, group B received clofazimine 100 mg t.d.s. for 12 weeks. Both groups received prednisolone 40 mg o.d., tapered over 12 weeks. The effectiveness parameters were days needed for resolution of cutaneous and systemic manifestations, relapses, cutaneous score, systemic score, and average daily prednisolone intake. Safety parameters were spontaneously appearing adverse events and laboratory parameter changes.ResultsThe cutaneous scores in the clofazimine (P < 0.001) and pentoxifylline groups (P < 0.001) showed a progressive decline in subsequent follow‐ups. Individual follow‐ups were significantly lower than baseline in both groups (P < 0.05). Systemic scores fared similarly. There were no significant intergroup changes. Average daily prednisolone intake progressively decreased in group B (P < 0.001). Cutaneous and systemic manifestations took a comparable time to resolve. Both drugs were safe.ConclusionPentoxifylline effectively reduces initial severity; clofazimine provides sustained improvement but acts slowly.
Histoid leprosy: review of the literature
Authors: Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeprosy is a chronic granulomatous inflammation primarily of the peripheral nervous system, skin, and reticuloendothelial system caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It presents clinically as an erythematous or hypopigmented anesthetic patch and a thickened and/or tender cutaneous nerve trunk. Leprosy is also called Hansen disease. Leprosy is a great imitator of other skin diseases, and it can present with different morphological lesions, which is why an expert eye is needed to diagnose it. One of the important clinical presentations of leprosy is histoid leprosy, which is very difficult to diagnose due to different clinical and histopathological findings that mimic, e.g., a fibromatous disorder. Histoid leprosy is a very rare clinicopathological variant of leprosy. It is clinically characterized by skin‐colored, soft, succulent nodules, and plaques on apparently normal skin and histologically by a dense bundle of histiocytes arranged in storiform. Though histoid leprosy is a very rare type of leprosy, the higher load of lepra bacilli in these cases makes it a concern as a reservoir for leprosy.
Cortistatin is dysregulated in skin tissue of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and suppresses keratinocyte proliferation in vitro
Authors: Li Dai , He Hui‐Lan , Yao Ming‐Zhu , Chen Ming‐Liang , Chen Xiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in the skin. Cortistatin, an endogenous cyclic neuropeptide, inhibits the proliferation of inflammatory cells. We investigated the expression of cortistatin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and examined its effects on keratinocyte growth in vitro.MethodsSerum levels of cortistatin were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 72 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 76 age‐matched healthy volunteers. Cortistatin expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies from 14 patients and 14 healthy subjects. The effects of cortistatin on the proliferation of primary keratinocytes were assessed using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and BrdU incorporation assay. Intracellular levels of cAMP in keratinocytes in the presence or absence of cortistatin were determined by ELISA.ResultsSerum levels of cortistatin and expression levels in skin were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in healthy subjects. Cortistatin inhibited keratinocyte proliferation in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner and substantially reduced intracellular cAMP levels in keratinocytes.ConclusionsCortistatin is downregulated in the skin of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and suppresses keratinocyte growth in vitro.