bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco smoking, polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism enzyme genes, and risk of localized and advanced prostate cancer: results from the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study
Authors: Shahabi Ahva , Corral Román , Catsburg Chelsea , Joshi Amit D. , Kim Andre , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Koo Jocelyn , John Esther M. , Ingles Sue A. , Stern Mariana C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe relationship between tobacco smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between tobacco smoking and PCa risk taking into account polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism enzyme genes as possible effect modifiers (9 polymorphisms and 1 predicted phenotype from metabolism enzyme genes). The study included cases (n = 761 localized; n = 1199 advanced) and controls (n = 1139) from the multiethnic California Collaborative Case–Control Study of Prostate Cancer. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between tobacco smoking variables and risk of localized and advanced PCa risk. Being a former smoker, regardless of time of quit smoking, was associated with an increased risk of localized PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–1.6). Among non‐Hispanic Whites, ever smoking was associated with an increased risk of localized PCa (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.1), whereas current smoking was associated with risk of advanced PCa (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0–1.9). However, no associations were observed between smoking intensity, duration or pack‐year variables, and advanced PCa. No statistically significant trends were seen among Hispanics or African‐Americans. The relationship between smoking status and PCa risk was modified by the CYP1A2 rs7662551 polymorphism (P‐interaction = 0.008). In conclusion, tobacco smoking was associated with risk of PCa, primarily localized disease among non‐Hispanic Whites. This association was modified by a genetic variant in CYP1A2, thus supporting a role for tobacco carcinogens in PCa risk.
Inhibition of EGFR or IGF‐1R signaling enhances radiation response in head and neck cancer models but concurrent inhibition has no added benefit
Authors: Raju Uma , Molkentine David P. , Valdecanas David R. , Deorukhkar Amit , Mason Kathryn A. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Meyn Raymond E. , Ang Kie‐Kian , Skinner Heath 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInteraction between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐1R) has been well established in many cancer types. We investigated the effects of cetuximab (EGFR antibody) and IMC‐A12 (IGF‐1R antibody) on the response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to radiation therapy (RT). The effects of cetuximab and IMC‐A12 on cell viability and radiosensitivity were determined by clonogenic cell survival assay. Formation of nuclear γ‐H2AX and 53BP1 foci was monitored by immunofluorescence. Alterations in target signaling were analyzed by Western blots. In vivo tumor growth delay assay was performed to determine the efficacy of triple therapy with IMC‐A12, cetuximab, and RT. In vitro data showed that cetuximab differentially affected the survival and the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. Cetuximab suppressed DNA repair that was evident by the prolonged presence of nuclear γ‐H2AX and 53BP1 foci. IMC‐A12 did not have any effect on the cell survival. However, it increased the radiosensitivity of one of the cell lines. EGFR inhibition increased IGF‐1R expression levels and also the association between EGFR and IGF‐1R. Addition of IMC‐A12 to cetuximab did not increase the radiosensitivity of these cells. Tumor xenografts exhibited enhanced response to RT in the presence of either cetuximab or IMC‐A12. Concurrent treatment regimen failed to further enhance the tumor response to cetuximab and/or RT. Taken together our data suggest that concomitant inhibition of both EGFR and IGF‐1R pathways did not yield additional therapeutic benefit in overcoming resistance to RT.
Platinum Complexes Containing Pyramidalized Germanium and Tin Dihalide Ligands Bound through σ,σ ME Multiple Bonds
Authors: Hupp Florian , Ma Mengtao , Kroll Franziska , Jimenez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Radacki Krzysztof , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present the isolation of the first mononuclear dihalogermylene, and mono‐ and dinuclear stannylene complexes of transition metals. These exhibit exceptionally pyramidalized Group 14 centers. Additionally, removal of the halide substituents from the Ge/Sn atom was successfully performed in two ways, halide abstraction and reduction, leading to a variety of unusual structural motifs.
Coordination and Activation of AlH and GaH Bonds
Authors: Abdalla Joseph A. B. , Riddlestone Ian M. , Turner Joshua , Kaufman Paul A. , Tirfoin Remi , Phillips Nicholas , Aldridge Simon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe modes of interaction of donor‐stabilized Group 13 hydrides (E=Al, Ga) were investigated towards 14‐ and 16‐electron transition‐metal fragments. More electron‐rich N‐heterocyclic carbene‐stabilized alanes/gallanes of the type NHC⋅EH3 (E=Al or Ga) exclusively generate κ2 complexes of the type [M(CO)4(κ2‐H3E⋅NHC)] with [M(CO)4(COD)] (M=Cr, Mo), including the first κ2 σ‐gallane complexes. β‐Diketiminato (′nacnac′)‐stabilized systems, {HC(MeCNDipp)2}EH2, show more diverse reactivity towards Group 6 carbonyl reagents. For {HC(MeCNDipp)2}AlH2, both κ1 and κ2 complexes were isolated, while [Cr(CO)4(κ2‐H2Ga{(NDippCMe)2CH})] is the only simple κ2 adduct of the nacnac‐stabilized gallane which can be trapped, albeit as a co‐crystallite with the (dehydrogenated) gallylene system [Cr(CO)5(Ga{(NDippCMe)2CH})]. Reaction of [Co2(CO)8] with {HC(MeCDippN)2}AlH2 generates [(OC)3Co(μ‐H)2Al{(NdippCme)2CH}][Co(CO)4] (12), which while retaining direct AlH interactions, features a hitherto unprecedented degree of bond activation in a σ‐alane complex.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Olefins with CO2: One‐Pot Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Salts
Authors: Huguet Núria , Jevtovikj Ivana , Gordillo Alvaro , Lejkowski Michael L. , Lindner Ronald , Bru Miriam , Khalimon Andrey Y. , Rominger Frank , Schunk Stephan A. , Hofmann Peter , Limbach Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed direct carboxylation of alkenes with the cheap and abundantly available C1 building block carbon dioxide (CO2) in the presence of a base has been achieved. The one‐pot reaction allows for the direct and selective synthesis of a wide range of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylates (TON>100, TOF up to 6 h−1, TON=turnover number, TOF=turnover frequency). Thus, it is possible, in one step, to synthesize sodium acrylate from ethylene, CO2, and a sodium salt. Acrylates are industrially important products, the synthesis of which has hitherto required multiple steps.
Conversion of CuS thin films to structured nanosheet CuyS (1 < y ≦ 2) by vacuum annealing
Authors: Shi J. B. , Wu P. F. , Chen Y. C. , Chang Y. C. , Tsai M. Z. , Cheng F. C. , Kao C. T. , Lee H. W. , Chen M. Y. , Huang Y. J. , Huang R. Y. , Lin S. K. 
Published: October 2014

In this study, large‐area and uniform thickness novel nano‐sheet structured CuS thin films on ITO glass have been prepared by the one‐step electrodeposition method from a dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Thin films of completely preserved nano‐sheet like morphology of CuyS (y = 1.75, 1.8, 1.95, and 2.0) are grown by vacuum annealing CuS thin films at 500 °C for different lengths of time. The 500 °C sample heated for 10 hours was nearly converted to single phase of Cu2S with y ∼ 2. The optical direct band gaps of nano‐sheet CuyS thin films annealed at 500 °C of 2, 6, and 10 hours in vacuum were found to be 1.94, 1.68, and 1.44 eV, respectively.
Challenges in analysis and interpretation of microsatellite data for population genetic studies
Authors: Putman Alexander I. , Carbone Ignazio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdvancing technologies have facilitated the ever‐widening application of genetic markers such as microsatellites into new systems and research questions in biology. In light of the data and experience accumulated from several years of using microsatellites, we present here a literature review that synthesizes the limitations of microsatellites in population genetic studies. With a focus on population structure, we review the widely used fixation (FST) statistics and Bayesian clustering algorithms and find that the former can be confusing and problematic for microsatellites and that the latter may be confounded by complex population models and lack power in certain cases. Clustering, multivariate analyses, and diversity‐based statistics are increasingly being applied to infer population structure, but in some instances these methods lack formalization with microsatellites. Migration‐specific methods perform well only under narrow constraints. We also examine the use of microsatellites for inferring effective population size, changes in population size, and deeper demographic history, and find that these methods are untested and/or highly context‐dependent. Overall, each method possesses important weaknesses for use with microsatellites, and there are significant constraints on inferences commonly made using microsatellite markers in the areas of population structure, admixture, and effective population size. To ameliorate and better understand these constraints, researchers are encouraged to analyze simulated datasets both prior to and following data collection and analysis, the latter of which is formalized within the approximate Bayesian computation framework. We also examine trends in the literature and show that microsatellites continue to be widely used, especially in non‐human subject areas. This review assists with study design and molecular marker selection, facilitates sound interpretation of microsatellite data while fostering respect for their practical limitations, and identifies lessons that could be applied toward emerging markers and high‐throughput technologies in population genetics.
Fertilization impact on fatty acid profile of chicory and chicon plants (Cichorium intybus L.)
Authors: Sinkovič Lovro , Demšar Lea , Žnidarčič Dragan , Vidrih Rajko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe fatty‐acid contents of five chicory cultivars commonly produced in Slovenia (‘Treviso’, ‘Verona’, ‘Castelfranco’, and autochthonous ‘Anivip’ and ‘Monivip’) were investigated. Mineral and organic fertilisers were used to produce the leaf mass for analysis. Hydroponic forcing of developed chicory roots was performed in three nutrient solutions with nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium at three different concentrations. The fatty‐acid analysis with gas chromatography (GC) revealed the contents of the C 16:0, C 18:0, C 18:1, C 18:2, C 18:3 and C 20:0 fatty acids. The total fatty‐acid content of the chicory produced by conventional and organic practices ranged from 170 to 500 mg/100 g fresh weight, and of the hydroponically forced chicons, from 60 to 160 mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest fatty‐acid content for both the chicory and chicons was α‐linolenic acid (≤63%), followed by linoleic (≤45%) and palmitic (≤24%) acids. The n‐6/n‐3 ratio was <1.0 for most of the samples.Practical applications: The study contributes to the knowledge of the impact of fertilisers on fatty acids profiles in chicory and chicon plants which has not been published in scientific literature so far. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty‐acid composition of five chicory cultivars (red, red‐spotted, green) produced as cultivated (organically, conventionally) chicory leaves/ heads and as forced chicons. The present analysis demonstrates that the majority of the fatty acids in chicory and chicon consist of the PUFAs, among which the main ones are α‐linolenic acid (C 18:3, n‐3) and linoleic acid (C 18:2, n‐6). The fertilizers significantly impact fatty acid formation. The chicory and chicon both have an n‐6/n‐3 ratio < 1 and they thus represent a food that follows the current nutritional recommendations.Content of α‐linolenic and linoleic fatty acids (wt. %/total fatty acids) of forced and unforced chicory
Differential expression of fatty acid desaturases in Mari and Shengeh olive cultivars during fruit development and ripening
Authors: Parvini Farshid , Zeinanloo Ali Asghar , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Tahmasebi‐Enferadi Sattar , Hosseini‐Mazinani Mehdi 
Published: October 2014

To understand the molecular basis of the higher oleic/linoleic acid content in Mari and Koroneiki with respect to Shengeh and Arbequina olive cultivars, we have focused on analysis of fatty acids, as well as expression levels of OeSAD and three oleate desaturase genes during fruit development and ripening. The mesocarp oil content was determined using a Minispec NMR. Moreover, oleic and linoleic acid contents were recorded by GC. Quantitative real time PCR was used for gene expression analysis. Mari and Shengeh exhibited the highest and lowest levels of OeSAD gene expression, respectively, which corresponded fully to a change in the pattern of oleic acid and oil accumulation throughout mesocarp development. Regarding oleate desaturases, a decreasing pattern of OeFAD2‐1 and OeFAD6 transcripts accompanied by an increasing trend of OeFAD2‐2 expression during mesocarp development showed that, coinciding with oil accumulation, linoleic acid content is mainly determined by the OeFAD2‐2 gene. In conclusion, the higher oleic/linoleic ratio in Mari and Koroneiki cultivars compared to Shengeh and Arbequina was due to much higher expression levels of OeSAD and lower expression levels of OeFAD2‐2.Practical applications: Increasing the oleic to linoleic acid ratio has become one of the major goals for researchers in the area of plant lipid modification. To this end, understanding the mechanisms by which fatty acid composition is determined during olive fruit development and ripening would represent an important step toward the ultimate goal of regulating these processes in a directed and predictable manner.Relative expression of OeSAD gene (B) during mesocarp development and ripening of the high (Mari and Koroneiki) and low (Shengeh and Arbequina) oleic acid olive cultivars. The beginning of fruit ripening, corresponding to the appearance of pink‐purple color, is marked by an arrow. Different letterings show that the results significantly different at P < 0.05. The bars represent the SD of the mean (DAFB, days after full bloom).
The max–min fair approach on dynamic bandwidth allocation for XG‐PONs
Authors: Gravalos I. , Yiannopoulos K. , Papadimitriou G. , Varvarigos E. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractXG‐PON is the latest ITU‐T PON standard for passive optical networks (PONs), which provide broadband access to the end user at line rates of up to 10 Gb/s. The most important issue that is not strictly defined in the standard and is left to vendors to implement is the allocation of the shared upstream bandwidth. An efficient allocation mechanism must be applied on the upstream direction in order to assure acceptable packet latency and fairness among multiple subscribers. Within this context, we propose an XG‐PON‐oriented dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm that implements a max–min fair scheme to distribute the available upstream capacity to all the connected optical network units (ONUs) at the PON. Because frequent bandwidth granting and queue occupancy reporting account for low latency, our algorithm adopts a method in which every ONU is granted a portion of bandwidth at every downstream frame. The bandwidth grant is either calculated directly from the latest occupancy report or inferred from previous reports by means of traffic prediction. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves fair bandwidth distribution among the ONUs along with low packet latency and latency jitter, irrespectively of the ONUs's spatial separation from the optical line terminal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kernel canonical correlation analysis for robust cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Manco‐Vásquez J. , Vaerenbergh S. Van , Vía J. , Santamaría I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpectrum sensing is a key operation in cognitive radio (CR) systems, where secondary users (SUs) are able to exploit spectrum opportunities by first detecting the presence of primary users. In a CR network composed of several SUs, the detection accuracy can be much improved by cooperative spectrum sensing strategies, which exploit the spatial diversity among SUs. However, cooperative detection strategies, which are typically based on energy sensing, do not perform satisfactorily under impairments such as non‐Gaussian noise or interferences. In this paper, we propose a scheme based on kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA), which is able to operate in non‐ideal scenarios and in a totally blind fashion. This technique is performed at the fusion centre (FC) by exploiting the non‐linear correlation among the received signals of each SU. In this manner, statistical tests are extracted, allowing the SUs to make decisions either autonomously at each SU or cooperatively at the FC. The performance of the KCCA‐based detector is evaluated by means of simulations and over‐the‐air experiments using a CR testbed composed of several Universal Software Radio Peripheral nodes. Both the simulations and the measurements show that the KCCA‐based detector is able to obtain a significant gain over a conventional energy detector, whose sensing performance is severely degraded by the presence of external interferers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating gas–liquid multiphase flow using meshless Lagrangian method
Authors: Fu L. , Jin Y. C. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYA multiphase flow model has been established based on a moving particle semi‐implicit method. A surface tension model is introduced to the particle method to improve the numerical accuracy and stability. Several computational techniques are employed to simplify the numerical procedure and further improve the accuracy. A particle fraction multiphase flow model is developed and verified by a two‐phase Poiseuille flow. The multiphase surface tension model is discussed in detail, and an ethanol drop case is introduced to verify the surface tension model. A simple dam break is simulated to demonstrate the improvements with various modifications in particle method along with a new boundary condition. Finally, we simulate several bubble rising cases to show the capacity of this new model in simulating gas–liquid multiphase flow with large density ratio difference between phases. The comparisons among numerical results of mesh‐based model, experimental data, and the present model, indicate that the new multiphase particle method is acceptable in gas–liquid multiphase fluids simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MBD4 Interacts With and Recruits USP7 to Heterochromatic Foci
Authors: Meng Huan , Harrison David J. , Meehan Richard R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMBD4 is the only methyl‐CpG binding protein that possesses a C‐terminal glycosylase domain. It has been associated with a number of nuclear pathways including DNA repair, DNA damage response, the initiation of apoptosis, transcriptional repression, and DNA demethylation. However, the precise contribution of MBD4 to these processes in development and relevant diseases remains elusive. We identified UHRF1 and USP7 as two new interaction partners for MBD4. Both UHRF1, a E3 ubiquitin ligase, and USP7, a de‐ubiquinating enzyme, regulate the stability of the DNA maintenance methyltransferase, Dnmt1. The ability of MBD4 to directly interact with and recruit USP7 to chromocenters implicates it as an additional factor that can potentially regulate Dnmt1 activity during cell proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 476–485, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Role for 5‐methoxytryptophol On Bone Cells Function in Vitro
Authors: Satué María , Ramis Joana Maria , del Mar Arriero Maria , Monjo Marta 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates the direct action of 5‐methoxytryptophol (5‐MTX) in both MC3T3‐E1 and RAW264.7 cells and compares it with melatonin (MEL), another 5‐methoxyindol known to play a significant role on bone metabolism. We first screened increasing doses of both 5‐MTX and MEL to determine their effect on metabolic activity and viability of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The optimal dose was used to determine its effect on differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of action by adding the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (LUZ) and detecting the immunostaining of phospho‐ERK. In MC3T3‐E1 cells, most of the 5‐MTX doses reduced slightly the metabolic activity of osteoblasts compared with the control, while MEL only decreased it for the highest dose (2.5 mM). As regards to cytotoxicity, low doses (0.001–0.1 mM) of both indoles showed a protective effect on osteoblasts, while the highest dose of MEL showed a higher cytotoxicity than the 5‐MTX one. After 14 days of cell culture, Rankl mRNA levels were decreased, especially for 5‐MTX. 5‐MTX also induced a higher osteocalcin secretion and mineralization capacity than MEL. In RAW264.7 cells, 5‐MTX decreased the number of osteoclast formed and its activity whereas MEL did not affect significantly the number of multinucleated TRAP‐positive cells formed and showed a lower activity. Finally, MEL and 5‐MTX promoted activation of the ERK1/2 pathway through the phosphorylation of ERK, while LUZ addition suppressed this effect. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a new role of 5‐MTX inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 551–558, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of microdialysis for determination of protein binding and target site pharmacokinetics of colistin in vivo
Authors: Matzneller Peter , Gobin Patrice , Lackner Edith , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTissue pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of colistin have not been described in humans in vivo. Colistin concentrations in plasma, muscle, and subcutis of healthy volunteers were measured by microdialysis after a single dose of 2.5 million IU of colistin methanesulfonate. In vitro microdialysis experiments and an in vivo pilot study were performed prior to the in vivo main study. Concentration‐time profiles of total colistin in plasma were comparable with previously described values. The unbound fraction of colistin in plasma (fu) ranged from 2.8% to 14.1%. Low plasma fu correlated with low unbound colistin concentrations in muscle and subcutis. In vitro, mean relative recovery of microdialysis probes was higher in the reverse dialysis setting compared to the forward dialysis mode (71 ± 9% vs. 45 ± 14%, respectively); mean overall recovery in the main study in vivo was 49 ± 5%. Present data suggest that colistin is extensively protein bound in plasma and poorly distributed into soft tissue. However, differences in relative recovery between forward and reverse dialysis in vitro indicate that results might have been influenced by adhesion of colistin to microdialysis equipment. Microdialysis should be considered as a semiquantitative method for the estimation of unbound colistin levels in soft tissue.