bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden Death in Cold Water and Ventricular Arrhythmia
Authors: Keatinge WR , Hayward MG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We describe a case in which a young man collapsed with no pulse but continuing respiration immediately after a cold swim that lasted only a few seconds; death ensued despite attempts at resuscitation. We also describe an experiment in which ventricular ectopic beats were precipitated by facial immersion during trunk immersion.
Sudden Unexpected Death Caused by Neuroepithelial (Colloid) Cyst of the Third Ventricle
Authors: Leestma JE , Konakci Y 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Sudden unexpected death caused by a colloid cyst of the third ventricle in young apparently healthy persons is an uncommon phenomenon that nevertheless occurs regularly in medical examiner's cases and may occur in general hospital pathology practice. This entity has not received proper attention in the general or forensic pathology literature in spite of the fact that sudden death has been appreciated in the clinical literature for many years. We report four cases of sudden unexpected death in young persons whose only major previous complaint was that of chronic relapsing headaches. Because of the sudden and unexpected nature of their deaths, these cases came to the attention of the medical examiner and the colloid cysts were discovered at autopsy. The history of this lesion, its histogenesis, its pathological physiology, and the experiences of others are reviewed.
The “Body Packer Syndrome”—Toxicity Following Ingestion of Illicit Drugs Packaged for Transportation
Authors: Wetli CV , Mittleman RE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ten fatalities and one survivor of attempts to smuggle cocaine within the body were investigated. Most cases have occurred since 1979. All but one of the victims were male. Victims found dead at home or in hotel rooms had little or no drug paraphernalia at the scene, although abundant laxatives and enema apparatus were often evident. Some died aboard aircraft, and witnesses described agitated behavior followed by grand-mal type seizures, respiratory collapse, and death. Seven victims presented to hospital emergency rooms. The symptoms included mydriasis, seizures, acute toxic psychosis, and coma in various combinations. One individual, realizing his plight, sought emergency room help by claiming he attempted suicide by using cocaine. All victims had recently returned to the United States on flights from South America. Balloons, condoms, or plastic bags filled with 3 to 6 g of cocaine each were swallowed and found in the gastrointestinal tract of eight victims. One of these had ingested more than 147 packets totaling 460 g. Two victims inserted packets of cocaine into their rectums, and one woman was found with nearly 170 g of cocaine in her vagina. The packets, being semipermeable membranes, do not have to break open to cause death from acute cocaine toxicity. Characteristic autopsy and radiologic findings, circumstances of death, and toxicologic data are presented. The “body packer syndrome” should be considered in any international traveler who dies suddenly, has seizures, or presents with any signs consistent with cocaine toxicity.
The Rehydration and Isolation of Leukocytes from Dried Bloodstains
Authors: Hillman K , Shaler RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The extraction of leukocytes from dried bloodstains on a variety of surfaces was explored in terms of percentage of recovery. A glycerol-containing solution produced excellent results for many of the surfaces. The outstanding exception was cotton and related cloths, for which a moderate to good result was obtained with a 2-h incubation at 4°c using human serum. A major factor affecting the yield was the blood's ability to form a fibrin network (clotting). In treated or cadaveric blood, 80 to 100% recoveries could be easily obtained from dried crusts or pellets; in blood obtained from a finger prick, a dried crust or pellet yielded only 10 to 25%. A fibrous network containing a large number of entrapped leukocytes was observed under a microscope. This network was identified as fibrin, which acted to collect the cells. The “fibrinconcentrated” leukocytes may be used directly for testing or they can be released by the action of the enzyme plasmin under carefully controlled conditions. Leukocytes may be concentrated from the extraction solution by centrifugation. This step must be done at acidic pH. Leukocyte yields have been high enough to make sex determinations, polymorphic enzyme typing, and human lymphocyte and surface antigen typing feasible in the future.
Detection of Phenobarbital in Bloodstains, Semen, Seminal Stains, Saliva, Saliva Stains, Perspiration Stains, and Hair
Authors: Smith FP , Pomposini DA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Low nanogram quantities of phenobarbital were detected in a 10-μL dried blood stain and in other physiological fluids by using radioimmunoassay. The age of the stain versus detectability of phenobarbital and the cross-reactivity of vaginal secretions were investigated.
The Importance of Examining Skin and Hair for Semen in Sexual Assault Cases
Authors: Enos WF , Beyer JC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In some cases of sexual assault, the only laboratory proof of the allegation is by examining hair or skin for semen. The anatomic areas examined, depending on the history of the event, are head and facial hair and the skin of the perioral area, medial aspects of the thighs, and the buttocks. Head hair is clipped and eluted in saline, from which Pap smears and acid phosphatase determinations are made. The skin is smeared with saline-soaked cotton applicators, from which the above tests are run. Positive skin tests of the thighs or buttocks are also helpful in setting the time of the event and substantiating the allegation of rape, depending upon the history of bathing. Eight cases that illustrate these facts are presented.
A Review of Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
Authors: Johnson TA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Perhaps one measure of a book's value to a particular discipline is reflected by the number of editions the publisher releases, as this is a reflection of demand for the text. On this measure there can be little doubt that O'Hara's text has proved successful since five editions have been released since its original publication in 1956, and almost 200 000 copies have been sold. There are, however, other measures of performance that also guide us in assessing a textbook's contribution to the particular discipline in question. For example, the seminal nature of the book, the book's propensity for stimulating further research, and the frequency for bibliographic citation in other scholarly monographs, articles, and books are but a few examples of these measures of performance.
A Review of Identification Technologies: Computer, Optical, and Chemical Aids to Personal ID
Authors: Chastain JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The book contains nothing novel or striking, but it is an elementary description of some identification processes and systems. It would probably be of interest to the neophytes in the field of identification or possibly high school and college students taking courses in criminology or criminal justice. I cannot see that criminalists and established identification and investigation bureaus would find information in this publication of great use. It would seem inconceivable that professionals would not be much more advanced than information in this publication.
A Review of Disputed Paternity
Authors: Taylor HL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mr. Bryant's book, as stated in the preface, is “to simplify much of the medical ‘jargon’ and the mystery of the blood tests” for lawyers to provide the basic material necessary and for medical persons to provide “methods, pitfalls and ramifications” in paternity testing. In this, the author has succeeded. His text is simplistic, elementary, and shallow.
Approaches to Drug Sample Differentiation. I: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Liu JH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Differentiation of drug samples can be based on at least three different approaches. Conventional methods use qualitative and quantitative determinations of impurities or minor components. Samples may also be differentiated by variations in a naturally occurring isotope such as carbon-13, whose content varies because of differences of carbon fixation conditions for cultivated plant drugs or from differences in reaction conditions for synthesized drugs. A third approach involves the determination of various diastereoisomeric or enantiomeric compositions or both. This last approach also serves an essential purpose in cases where one isomer is under regulation while other(s) may not be. Representative works are reviewed.
Approaches to Drug Sample Differentiation. II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometric Determination of Methamphetamine Enantiomers
Authors: Liu JH , Ramesh S , Tsay JT , Ku WW , Fitzgerald MP , Angelos SA , Lins CLK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Synthesized tris[d,d-dicampholylmethanato]europium(III), Eu(dcm)3, and three other commercially available chiral lanthanide shift reagents are used to resolve the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the enantiomeric N-CH3 and C-CH3 protons in d- and l-methamphetamine. The chemical shift difference between the corresponding enantiomeric protons induced by these four shift reagents are compared and evaluated in their prospective use for enantiomeric identification and determination. It is concluded that while the chemical shift difference between the two enantiomerie C-CH3 protons induced by Eu(dcm)3 is most suitable for qualitative identification of these enantiomers, the NMR spectra of the N-CH3 protons are best resolved by Eu(dcm)3 and most suitable for quantitative determinations.
Identification of Some Chemical Analogues and Positional Isomers of Methaqualone
Authors: Dal Cason TA , Angelos SA , Washington O 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The drug 2-methyl-3-ortho-tolyl-4-quinazolinone (methaqualone) and 15 chemical analogues and positional isomers were synthesized and identified by spectroscopic techniques. The series of analogues studied includes the compounds formed through substitution of hydrogen or halogen atoms in place of the methyl group of the 3-tolyl substituent in methaqualone. Additionally, the substituent's positional orientation of ortho, meta, or para is considered. Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra of the compounds are distinctive, and reference spectra are provided. Gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatographic systems for analysis of the compounds as well as melting point and ultraviolet data are discussed.
Pediatric Professional Medical Associations and Industry Guideline Compliance
Authors: Siegel Matthew , Stedman Amy , Smith Kahsi A. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
There has been an increasing focus on the relationship between pediatric prescribers and the biomedical industry. There is a lack of research, however, on the biomedical industry’s relationship with the professional medical associations (PMAs) of pediatric prescribers. We developed a systematic method to assess this relationship by evaluating PMA transparency and compliance with a set of 2009 best practice guidelines (BPGs).

METHODS:
Nine PMAs rated as having the greatest influence on pediatric prescribers were examined. Two researchers independently coded publicly accessible information from the PMAs’ Web sites for transparency and compliance with 36 BPG recommendations. Using the coded data, an industry relationship index (IRI) score was developed to systematize comparisons across PMAs.

RESULTS:
The PMAs demonstrated transparency and compliance with less than one-half of the 2009 BPGs (mean ± SD: 30.2 ± 15.6; range: 8–51 on the 66-point IRI scale). Two PMAs clustered in the high IRI (more transparent and compliant) group, 3 in the medium group, and 4 in the low group. There was no significant association of IRI group status and the PMAs’ number of members or age. PMAs were least compliant with recommendations that prohibit or limit financial relationships with industry.

CONCLUSIONS:
PMAs with influence on pediatric prescribers have achieved only limited transparency and compliance with a set of 2009 BPGs, particularly with respect to financial separation from industry. Use of quantifiable standards of conduct facilitates comparisons between organizations and may enhance public trust in PMAs, preserving their ability to achieve organizational goals.
Coadministration of a 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine With Meningococcal and Tdap Vaccines
Authors: Schilling Andrea , Parra Mercedes Macias , Gutierrez Maricruz , Restrepo Jaime , Ucros Santiago , Herrera Teobaldo , Engel Eli , Huicho Luis , Shew Marcia , Maansson Roger , Caldwell Nicole , Luxembourg Alain , ter Meulen Ajoke Sobanjo 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:
This study in 11- to 15-year-old boys and girls compared the immunogenicity and safety of GARDASIL 9 (9-valent human papillomavirus [9vHPV] vaccine) administered either concomitantly or nonconcomitantly with 2 vaccines routinely administered in this age group (Menactra [MCV4; Neisseria meningitidis serotypes A/C/Y/W-135] or Adacel [Tdap; diphtheria/tetanus/acellular pertussis]).

METHODS:
Participants received 9vHPV vaccine at day 1 and months 2 and 6; the concomitant group (n = 621) received MCV4/Tdap concomitantly with 9vHPV vaccine at day 1; the nonconcomitant group (n = 620) received MCV4/Tdap at month 1. Antibodies to HPV-, MCV4-, and Tdap-relevant antigens were determined. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored for 15 days after any vaccination; serious AEs were monitored throughout the study.

RESULTS:
The geometric mean titers for all HPV types in 9vHPV vaccine 4 weeks after dose 3, proportion of subjects with a fourfold rise or greater in titers for 4 N meningitidis serotypes 4 weeks after injection with MCV4, proportion of subjects with antibody titers to diphtheria and tetanus ≥0.1 IU/mL, and geometric mean titers for pertussis antigens 4 weeks after injection with Tdap were all noninferior in the concomitant group compared with the nonconcomitant group. Injection-site swelling occurred more frequently in the concomitant group. There were no vaccine-related serious AEs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Concomitant administration of 9vHPV vaccine with MCV4/Tdap was generally well tolerated and did not interfere with the antibody response to any of these vaccines. This strategy would minimize the number of visits required to deliver each vaccine individually.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention Deficit
Authors: Königs Marsh , Heij Hugo A. , van der Sluijs Johannes A. , Vermeulen R. Jeroen , Goslings J. Carel , Luitse Jan S.K. , Poll-Thé Bwee Tien , Beelen Anita , van der Wees Marleen , Kemps Rachèl J.J.K. , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene E. , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:
We investigated the impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on attention, a prerequisite for behavioral and neurocognitive functioning.

METHODS:
Children aged 6 to 13 years who were diagnosed with TBI (n = 113; mean 1.7 years postinjury) were compared with children with a trauma control injury (not involving the head) (n = 53). TBI severity was defined as mild TBI with or without risk factors for complicated TBI (mildRF+ TBI, n = 52; mildRF− TBI, n = 24) or moderate/severe TBI (n = 37). Behavioral functioning was assessed by using parent and teacher questionnaires, and the Attention Network Test assessed alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Ex-Gaussian modeling determined the contribution of extremely slow responses (lapses of attention) to mean reaction time (MRT).

RESULTS:
The TBI group showed higher parent and teacher ratings of attention and internalizing problems, higher parent ratings of externalizing problems, and lower intelligence than the control group (P &lt; .05, d ≥ 0.34). No effect of TBI on alerting, orienting, and executive attention was observed (P ≥ .55). MRT was slower in the TBI group (P = .008, d = 0.45), traced back to increased lapses of attention (P = .002, d = 0.52). The mildRF− TBI group was unaffected, whereas the mildRF+ TBI and moderate/severe TBI groups showed elevated parent ratings of behavior problems, lower intelligence, and increased lapses of attention (P ≤ .03, d ≥ 0.48). Lapses of attention fully explained the negative relation between intelligence and parent-rated attention problems in the TBI group (P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Lapses of attention represent a core attention deficit in children with mildRF+ TBI (even in the absence of intracranial pathology) or moderate/severe TBI, and relate to daily life problems after pediatric TBI.
Indicadores químicos de calidad de suelos en sistemas productivos del Piedemonte de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia
Authors: Jamioy Orozco Diego David , Menjivar Flores Juan Carlos , Rubiano Sanabria Yolanda 
Published: August 2015

En sistemas productivos del Piedemonte de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia se evaluaron va-rios indicadores para determinar la calidad de los suelos de la región. Para el efecto, en un muestreo aleatorio se incluyeron once sistemas y en cada uno de ellos se tomaron cinco mues-tras de suelo para evaluar las propiedades principales y seleccionar aquellas con posibilidades para ser incluidas como indicadores de calidad. Los resultados de la caracterización completa fueron analizados mediante componentes principales (ACP). Por su importancia fueron prioriza-das como indicadores de calidad las propiedades siguientes: carbono orgánico, pH, acidez inter-cambiable, calcio y magnesio intercambiable y hierro. Con estos indicadores se propone una clasificación de la calidad química de los suelos de la región, que puede ser de gran utilidad en la implementación de sistemas de monitoreo que permitan la evaluación de la degradación de los suelos a través del tiempo debidos a cambios en los sistemas de uso.
Identificación de fructooligosacáridos e inulinas en residuos de hojas de fique -Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Authors: Guevara Apraez Claudia Sofia , Vallejo Castillo Elkin Javier 
Published: August 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">Colombia es un importante productor de cabuya, fibra natural extraída de fique (Furcraea macrophylla Baker). La explotación de esta planta se caracteriza por productos y procesos tradicionales, poco tecnificados, de bajo valor agregado y con un aprovechamiento limitado de la planta de fique, lo que se traduce en baja rentabilidad. No obstante, en los residuos de este proceso agroindustrial se encuentran muchas sustancias de interés, aun sin<a class="ysybnawjf" title="Click to Continue &gt; by PriceMinus" href="#77276212"> explorar<img src="http://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" alt="" /></a>, entre ellas los carbohidratos, específicamente los fructanos, como la inulina y los fructooligosacaridos (FOS) que son polímeros de fructosa considerados fibra dietaría y que por sus características se clasifican como prebióticos. En esta investigación se evidenció la presencia de FOS e inulinas en los residuos obtenidos durante el proceso de desfibrado de las hojas de fique a través de técnicas enzimáticas y espectro-fotométricas. Debido a las amplias aplicaciones en el sector alimentario se recomienda su cuantificación, extracción y caracterización con el fin de proporcionar valor agregado a través de la explotación de estos compuestos.</p><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Validación del método voltamétrico para la determinación de residuos de paraquat aplicado en cultivos de papa
Authors: Lara Sandoval Adriana Elizabeth , García Colmenares José Mauricio , Chaparro Acuña Sandra Patricia 
Published: August 2015

<p>La cuantificación de plaguicidas es un proceso costoso y de difícil acceso para los cultivadores y entidades de salud y vigilancia. En este trabajo se presenta la metodología de voltametría de onda cuadrada para la cuantificación de paraquat(gramoxone) en papa (Solanum tuberosum). El método de voltametría de onda cuadrada fue validado para la cuantificación de este herbicida en papa. El estudio fue realizado usando como electrolito de soporte solución buffer Britton-Robinson, electrodo de trabajo de carbón vítreo, Ag/AgCl como electrodo de referencia y platino como electrodo auxiliar. El herbicida en papa fue extraído por reparto sólido-líquido y los resultados obtenidos fueron contrastados por espectroscopía UV-Vis,lo que permitió deducir que el método voltamétrico genera resultados precisos y confiables. El método propuesto fue exitosamente aplicado para lacuantificación de paraquat en muestras de papa con resultados satisfactorios.</p><p> </p>
Actividad reproductiva después del anestro inducido con altrenogest en hembras de <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> en cautiverio en ambiente marino.
Authors: Herrera José , Sánchez R. , Bernal J. , López A. , Rivera J. G. , Guzmán A. , Ávalos A. 
Published: August 2015

<p>La necesidad de reproducir delfín nariz de botella (<em>Tursiops truncatus</em>) en cautiverio se ha incrementado debido a las restricciones internacionales para su comercialización y por el riesgo y dificultad logística para el traslado de ejemplares. Por lo anterior, se hace importante conocer su biología reproductiva en cautiverio. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue conocer los indicadores post tratamiento con altrenogest (Regumate<sup>®</sup>), de citología vaginal, niveles de estradiol y reinicio de la actividad reproductiva en cautiverio de hembras de <em>T truncatus</em> en ambiente marino. Por un año, 12 hembras recibieron diariamente una dosis de 0,07mg kg<sup>-1</sup> de altrenogest. Se realizaron un total 420 citologías vaginales, una diaria de cada hembra, para determinar el porcentaje de células cornificadas. También se obtuvieron de la red vascular, 60 muestras sanguíneas, en las que se determinó los niveles de estradiol. En cuanto a la citología vaginal, al cuarto día de retirar la administración de altrenogest, el porcentaje total de células cornificadas incrementó del 60% a 70% hasta el día nueve y continuó ascendiendo al 80% entre los días 12 al 19. Los niveles de estradiol, presentaron un rango de 16 a 114pg ml<sup>-1</sup>. Se encontró una correlación (r = 0,7062 P&lt;0.05) positiva entre estos indicadores. Se concluye que es posible la manipulación con altrenogest y el monitoreo del ciclo estral de las hembras mediante técnicas simples como la citología vaginal para el diseño de protocolos de reproducción asistida específicos para grupos en cautiverio de <em>T truncatus.</em></p>
Well-controllable Fabrication of Aligned ZnO Nanorods for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Application
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Hou Shengwen 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTZnO nanorods were synthesized by recrystallization of ZnO thin films during multiannealing process. It was found that the obtained ZnO nanorods showed well-controlled grown direction. The periodical oxygen introducing between reducing annealing processes was effective to help on the oxidization reaction, result in the ZnO nanorods growth significantly. With controlling the annealing parameters, the morphologies of ZnO nanorods could be also controlled. The low-temperature (less than 420°C) initial reducing annealing process contributed to control the density of ZnO nanorods. The multi-annealing processes could reduce the ZnO thin film to produce ZnO nanorods efficiently. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO nanorods were investigated. Finally, the obtained ZnO nanorods used as photoelectrodes demonstrated in a dye-sensitized solar cell, the overall conversion efficiency of 3.65% was achieved.