bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSUMO NA BAIXA RENDA: INFLUÊNCIA DOS VALORES DE COMPRA HEDÔNICO E UTILITÁRIO NO ENDIVIDAMENTO
Authors: Gerhard Felipe , Sousa Thiago Matheus de Paula , Souza Lucas Lopes Ferreira de , Carvalho Helder Araujo de , Pañaloza Verónica 
Published: August 2015

<p>O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os valores de consumo hedônico e utilitário, bem como a influência desses valores sobre a conduta financeira dos consumidores de baixa renda.</p><p>Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza quantitativa, viabilizada por meio de um estudo de corte transversal único, cuja consecução foi obtida mediante a aplicação de um <em>survey</em>, no qual foram entrevistados 528 indivíduos. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados módulos de estatística descritiva e a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os principais resultados do estudo indicam que a maior parte dos entrevistados está endividada, apresentando maior valor hedônico de compra. Também se destaca o fato de o arquétipo teórico construído com base na literatura não ter alcançado valores de ajuste aceitáveis, demonstrando, além de uma frágil sustentação teórica, um baixo rigor científico das escalas utilizadas de atitude à dívida. Após a reespecificação do modelo teórico, observou-se que a presença hegemônica do valor de consumo hedônico em um indivíduo indica mais eficazmente se ele de fato se endivida.</p><p>Palavras-chave:<strong> </strong>Baixa renda. Endividamento. Consumo hedônico. Consumo utilitário.</p>
PRÁTICAS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE NA GESTÃO DA EMPRESA CRISTÓFOLI EQUIPAMENTOS DE BIOSSEGURANÇA, SITUADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPO MOURÃO, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Vanderlei Aparecido , De Jesus Marcos Junio Ferreira , Morigi Josimari De Brito , De Souza Adalberto Dias 
Published: August 2015

<p class="texto">O estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre as práticas de sustentabilidade adotadas pela empresa Cristófoli Equipamentos de Biossegurança, localizada no Município de Campo Mourão, PR. A pesquisa ocorreu nos moldes de um estudo de caso e a escolha dessa empresa obedeceu ao critério de que ela já tem implantado em sua área de abrangência o Projeto Socioambiental Mil Árvores, o qual busca atuar na educação ambiental da comunidade e no reflorestamento de uma das principais microbacias da região de Campo Mourão. Adotaram-se como procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a realização de entrevistas com colaboradores da empresa estudada e com coordenadores do Projeto Socioambiental Mil Árvores. Os resultados apontam que a empresa Cristófoli está cada vez mais preocupada em atingir e demonstrar um desempenho ambiental correto, por meio de maior conhecimento e de ações mais sábias, controlando os impactos de suas atividades e produtos, considerando sua prática e seus objetivos ambientais.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Educação para a sustentabilidade. Desenvolvimento sustentável. Gestão ambiental empresarial. Ações estratégicas sustentáveis. </p>
Carotid Plaque Calcification Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vigili de Kreutzenberg Saula , Fadini Gian Paolo , Guzzinati Stefano , Mazzucato Marta , Volpi Antonio , Coracina Anna , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
The presence of carotid plaques is associated with future cardiovascular events, with local plaque composition being an independent outcome predictor. We examined the association between ultrasonographically determined carotid plaque calcification and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We enrolled 581 patients with T2D who underwent routine carotid ultrasonography. Plaques were classified as echolucent (lipid rich), heterogenous, and echogenic (calcific). We collected demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data at baseline and followed the patients for up to 9 years.

RESULTS
Plaques were detected in 81.8% of the patients (echolucent in 16.4%, heterogenous in 43.2%, and echogenic in 22.2%). During follow-up (4.3 ± 0.1 years), 58 deaths (27 cardiovascular) and 236 fatal and nonfatal MACE occurred. In univariate analyses, presence versus absence of any carotid plaque was associated with incident MACE, and the hazard ratio (95% CI) progressively increased from echolucent (1.97 [0.93–3.44]), to heterogeneous (3.10 [2.09–4.23]), to echogenic (3.71 [2.09–5.59]) plaques. Compared with echolucent plaques, echogenic plaques were associated with incident MACE independently from confounders. This association was attenuated after adjusting for the degree of stenosis, but in patients with stenosis ≤30%, echogenic plaque type still predicted total and atherosclerotic MACE, even after further adjusting for mean intima-media thickness.

CONCLUSIONS
In T2D, carotid plaque calcification predicts MACE, especially in patients with a low degree of stenosis. The biology of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetes needs to be further elucidated to understand the basis of this association.
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Franco Denise , Korpachev Vadym , Shumel Brad , Ma Yuhui , Baughman Robert , Amin Nikhil , McGill Janet B. ,   for the Affinity 2 Study Group
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of prandial Technosphere inhaled insulin (TI), an inhaled insulin with a distinct time action profile, in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetes agents (OADs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects with T2D with HbA1c levels ≥7.5% (58.5 mmol/mol) and ≤10.0% (86.0 mmol/mol) on metformin alone or two or more OADs were randomized to add-on prandial TI (n = 177) or prandial Technosphere inhaled placebo (TP) (n = 176) to their OAD regimen in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Primary end point was change in HbA1c at 24 weeks.

RESULTS
TI significantly reduced HbA1c by −0.8% (−9.0 mmol/mol) from a baseline of 8.3% (66.8 mmol/mol) compared with TP −0.4% (−4.6 mmol/mol) (treatment difference −0.4% [95% CI −0.57, −0.23]; P &lt; 0.0001). More TI-treated subjects achieved an HbA1c ≤7.0% (53.0 mmol/mol) (38% vs. 19%; P = 0.0005). Mean fasting plasma glucose was similarly reduced in both groups. Postprandial hyperglycemia, based on 7-point glucose profiles, was effectively controlled by TI. Mean weight change was 0.5 kg for TI and −1.1 kg for the TP group (P &lt; 0.0001). Mild, transient dry cough was the most common adverse event, occurring similarly in both groups (TI, 23.7%; TP, 19.9%) and led to discontinuation in only 1.1% of TI-treated and 3.4% of TP-treated subjects. There was a small decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in both groups, with a slightly larger decline in the group receiving TI (TI, −0.13 L; TP, −0.04 L). The difference resolved after treatment discontinuation.

CONCLUSIONS
Prandial TI added to one or more OADs in inadequately controlled T2D is an effective treatment option. Mild, transient dry cough was the most common adverse event.
Differing Roles for TGF-β/Smad Signaling in Osteitis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Ye Ting , Liang Na , Huang Zhenxiao , Cui Shunjiu , Li Yunchuan , Huang Qian , Zhou Bing 
Published: August 2015

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is reported to involve different inflammatory processes in sinonasal mucosa and bone tissue, and these processes remain uncharacterized. Objective We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of osteitis in Chinese patients with CRS to better understand the pathogenesis of CRS. Methods The study included 10 controls, 16 patients with CRSsNP, and 23 patients with CRSwNP. Ethmoid bone tissue samples were evaluated by histologic examination. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGF-β receptor I and II, Smad2, and Smad3. Immunohistochemical examination of osteoblast expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor I and II, phosphorylated (p) Smad2, and p-Smad3 in ethmoid bone tissue was also performed. Results The histopathologic evaluation of ethmoid sinus bone tissue showed that eosinophils had infiltrated the periosteum and induced TGF-β1 expression, periosteal thickening, increased osteoblast activity, and neo-osteogenesis. Messenger RNA levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor I, and Smad3 in CRSwNP ethmoid bone tissues were significantly higher than those in ethmoid bone tissues of patients with CRSsNP and the controls. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor I, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 protein expression was upregulated in patients with CRSwNP, consistent with the corresponding messenger RNA levels. Conclusion Different signaling pathways are involved in osteitis in CRS and are activated by the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in CRSwNP versus the TGF-β/Smad-independent signaling pathway in CRSsNP. Eosinophil infiltration of the periosteum, along with TGF-β1 expression, in CRSwNP indicates that eosinophils may play an important role in the bone remodeling process in CRSwNP.
What causes female bias in the secondary sex ratios of the dioecious woody shrub Salix sitchensis colonizing a primary successional landscape?
Authors: Che‐Castaldo Christian , Crisafulli Charlie M. , Bishop John G. , Fagan William F. 
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Females often outnumber males in Salix populations, although the mechanisms behind female bias are not well understood and could be caused by both genetic and ecological factors. We investigated several ecological factors that could bias secondary sex ratios of Salix sitchensis colonizing Mount St. Helens after the 1980 eruption.• Methods: We determined whether S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios varied across disturbance zones created by the eruption and across mesic and hydric habitats within each zone. For one population, we tracked adult mortality, whole‐plant reproductive allocation, the number of stems, and plant size for 2 years. In a field experiment, we created artificial streams to test whether vegetative reproduction via stem fragments was sex‐biased.• Key results: We found a consistent 2:1 female bias in S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios across all disturbance zones and habitats. Despite female plants sometimes allocating more resources (in terms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) to reproduction than males, we found no evidence of sex‐biased mortality. The establishment rate of S. sitchensis experimental stems did not differ between the sexes, indicating that vegetative reproduction was not distorting secondary sex ratios.• Conclusions: We hypothesize that S. sitchensis secondary sex ratios depend on either early‐acting genetic factors affecting the seed sex ratio or sex‐specific germination or survival rates before maturity, as opposed to factors associated with reproduction in adult plants.
Distribution of gelatinous fibers in seedling roots of living cycads
Authors: Magellan Tracy M. , Griffith M. Patrick , Tomlinson P. Barry 
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: The presence of gelatinous (tension) fibers (GFs) in the roots of two extant cycadales (Cycas and Zamia) in a recent publication raises interesting issues of GF distribution in seed plants. An immediate question that arises from this discovery is whether GFs occur consistently in the radicle of all extant cycad genera and therefore might have a similar role in root contraction. We present results of a survey of nursery‐grown material of all 10 genera.• Methods: We sequentially sectioned seedling root material and used simple staining and histochemical methods to follow anatomical changes along the radicle of all 10 genera.• Key results: We found GFs in nine genera; Stangeria appears to be the only genus without them. In all genera, there is a wide variation in the number of GFs and also variation in the development of thickened, fleshy roots. “Tertiary expansion” is a useful term to describe late cell division and enlargement of both primary and secondary parenchyma, the latter produced by the vascular cambium. Certain other histological features can be diagnostically useful at the generic level.• Conclusions: The functional interpretation of GFs as being wholly responsible for apparent tissue contraction is now somewhat compromised, especially as distortion of tracheary elements by changes in dimensions of parenchyma cells can falsely suggest root contraction when it may not occur. These preliminary results point the way to a more precise investigation of study material grown in more uniform environments using advanced technological methods.
Colocalization of a CD1d-Binding Glycolipid with a Radiation-Attenuated Sporozoite Vaccine in Lymph Node–Resident Dendritic Cells for a Robust Adjuvant Effect
Authors: Li Xiangming , Kawamura Akira , Andrews Chasity D. , Miller Jessica L. , Wu Douglass , Tsao Tiffany , Zhang Min , Oren Deena , Padte Neal N. , Porcelli Steven A. , Wong Chi-Huey , Kappe Stefan H. I. , Ho David D. , Tsuji Moriya 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A CD1d-binding glycolipid, α-Galactosylceramide (αGalCer), activates invariant NK T cells and acts as an adjuvant. We previously identified a fluorinated phenyl ring-modified αGalCer analog, 7DW8-5, displaying nearly 100-fold stronger CD1d binding affinity. In the current study, 7DW8-5 was found to exert a more potent adjuvant effect than αGalCer for a vaccine based on radiation-attenuated sporozoites of a rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, also referred to as irradiated P. yoelii sporozoites (IrPySpz). 7DW8-5 had a superb adjuvant effect only when the glycolipid and IrPySpz were conjointly administered i.m. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of distinctly different biodistribution patterns of αGalCer and 7DW8-5 on their respective adjuvant activities. Although both glycolipids induce a similar cytokine response in sera of mice injected i.v., after i.m. injection, αGalCer induces a systemic cytokine response, whereas 7DW8-5 is locally trapped by CD1d expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Moreover, the i.m. coadministration of 7DW8-5 with IrPySpz results in the recruitment of DCs to dLNs and the activation and maturation of DCs. These events cause the potent adjuvant effect of 7DW8-5, resulting in the enhancement of the CD8+ T cell response induced by IrPySpz and, ultimately, improved protection against malaria. Our study is the first to show that the colocalization of a CD1d-binding invariant NK T cell–stimulatory glycolipid and a vaccine, like radiation-attenuated sporozoites, in dLN-resident DCs upon i.m. conjoint administration governs the potency of the adjuvant effect of the glycolipid.
Osteoprotegerin-Mediated Homeostasis of Rank+ Thymic Epithelial Cells Does Not Limit Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Development
Authors: McCarthy Nicholas I. , Cowan Jennifer E. , Nakamura Kyoko , Bacon Andrea , Baik Song , White Andrea J. , Parnell Sonia M. , Jenkinson Eric J. , Jenkinson William E. , Anderson Graham 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the thymus, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) regulate T cell tolerance via negative selection and Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) development, and alterations in the mTEC compartment can lead to tolerance breakdown and autoimmunity. Both the receptor activator for NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis and expression of the transcriptional regulator Aire are involved in the regulation of thymus medullary microenvironments. However, their impact on the mechanisms controlling mTEC homeostasis is poorly understood, as are the processes that enable the thymus medulla to support the balanced production of mTEC-dependent Foxp3+ Treg. In this study, we have investigated the control of mTEC homeostasis and examined how this process impacts the efficacy of Foxp3+ Treg development. Using newly generated RANK Venus reporter mice, we identify distinct RANK+ subsets that reside within both the mTEChi and mTEClo compartments and that represent direct targets of OPG-mediated control. Moreover, by mapping OPG expression to a subset of Aire+ mTEC, our data show how cis- and trans-acting mechanisms are able to control the thymus medulla by operating on multiple mTEC targets. Finally, we show that whereas the increase in mTEC availability in OPG-deficient (Tnfrsf11b−/−) mice impacts the intrathymic Foxp3+ Treg pool by enhancing peripheral Treg recirculation back to the thymus, it does not alter the number of de novo Rag2pGFP+Foxp3+ Treg that are generated. Collectively, our study defines patterns of RANK expression within the thymus medulla, and it shows that mTEC homeostasis is not a rate-limiting step in intrathymic Foxp3+ Treg production.
La trayectoria de mujeres investigadoras en revistas científicas en español
Authors: Del Valle Rojas Carlos , Caldevilla Domínguez David , Pacheco Silva César 
Published: August 2015

Se describe y analiza las actuales condiciones en las cuales las mujeres acceden a los espacios de publicación científica y las características, posibilidades y limitaciones que las propias investigadoras atribuyen a las distintas instancias del proceso de investigación y acceso a las publicaciones científicas, especialmente las condiciones de igualdad de género. Metodología: Primero se revisó exhaustivamente una muestra de publicaciones que potencialmente podrían incluir trabajos de investigadoras; y luego se analizó un corpus de 29 Encuestas y 3 Entrevistas en Profundidad a mujeres investigadoras chilenas. Resultados y Conclusiones: la situación actual de las investigadoras chilenas, sin ser negativa, es manifiestamente mejorable, y para ello se requieren acciones conjuntas de las investigadoras, junto al compromiso de las correspondientes administraciones académicas y políticas, de modo que se generen las condiciones adecuadas para fortalecer el desempeño de las investigadoras, especialmente en el proceso de difusión del conocimiento.
Rancho, plomo y candela. Crónica y ficción en Salsa y Control de José Roberto Duque
Authors: Chehin Ana María 
Published: August 2015

Salsa y Control, texto híbrido, fragmentario, trabaja con el cancionero popular y relatos de la vida cotidiana de Caracas. Desdibuja límites entre cultura oral y cultura escrita, sujeto autorizado y sujeto representado. La vida urbana, el exceso de los cuerpos y de la violencia, se traman entre ficción y crónica adoptando el gesto costumbrista e innovándolo con letras de salsa. Abordaré los usos de la misma en la representación de los cuerpos de sujetos, atravesados por el ritmo urbano violento y la relación entre la salsa- que involucra libertad corporal, erotismo - y el control, de ciudad que los vigila a través de sus instituciones.
Time Matters: Effectiveness of Steaming Times on Forage for Animal Consumption
Authors: Serrano Leslie , Dodd Leslie , Wood Bethanie , D'Antoni Jeremy , Mehlhorn Joey 
Published: August 2015

The goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of portable hay steamer equipment for horse owners averaging 1-15 head. Hay is a large portion of horses’ diets, but it has a short shelf life. Dust from hay also becomes a problem due to respiratory diseases. There is a need for a healthier alternative for storing and feeding hay in order to promote optimum animal health. This study tests the effectiveness of four steaming times on the cleanliness of high-quality, Bermuda hay in the portable steamer. Swabs were taken from pre and post steaming hay samples and incubated on nutrient agar plates at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. After incubation, bacterial colonies were counted to compare the change in bacteria present from before and after the steaming process. Using two-sample mean differences tests, we found steaming time had a significant impact on the cleanliness of hay.
The Impact of Halfway Houses on Parole Success and Recidivism
Authors: Costanza S. E. , Cox Stephen M. , Kilburn John C. 
Published: August 2015

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This article seeks to identify short and long term effects of halfway house completion on parole success and subsequent recidivism from a sample of offenders released from a northeastern state’s correctional facilities between 2004 and 2008.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using propensity score matching techniques, we compare parolees released to parole after successfully completing a residential treatment program to a matched group of parolees released directly into the community from a correctional facility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Analyses show that parolees who successfully complete a halfway house program are more likely to successfully complete parole but the effect on residential programming on long-term recidivism are negligible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: black;">Keywords: </span></strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Alternative Corrections, Community Corrections, Halfway Houses, Parole, Recidivism</span></em></p>
Vrijwilligheid, vertrouwelijkheid en onpartijdigheid
Authors: De Mesmaecker Vicky 
Published: August 2015

Confidentiality, impartiality and voluntariness Participants opinions on victim-offender mediation in Flanders
This article considers the fundamental restorative justice principles of voluntary participation, the impartiality of the facilitator and the confidentiality of the restorative process from the point of view of participants to victim-offender mediation in Flanders, Belgium. These principles have remained relatively theoretical; little is known about how they are perceived by the participants to restorative practices. Results of our study show that whereas victims and offenders unequivocally support the principles of voluntariness and impartiality, the principle of confidentiality causes dissatisfaction and frustration when they believe it hinders the judge trying the case in court from establishing the truth about the facts.