bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>Smodirignium</i> dermatitis: the intercellular secretory canals of the aerial axis and their relationship to this toxicity
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

Smodingium argutum E. Mey. ex Sond., closely related to the American poison-ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, is the only known indigenous member of the Anacardiaceae in South Africa causing dermatitis. The sap of the intercellular secretory canals of the stem, petiole and leaf of both plants, is responsible for this toxicity. These secretary canals are described, illustrated and compared for both species, and their formation and the function of the canals and sap, are briefly discussed.
A note on <i>Dichrostachys</i> cinerea in South Africa
Authors: Ross J. H. 
Published: July 2015

The nature o f the morphological variation within Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight Arn. in the area delimited for the Flora o f Southern Africa is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate thetaxonomic significance o f some o f the differential characters employed by Brenan Brummitt inBol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 39: 61-115 (1965) in order to delimit the infraspecific taxa recorded from ourarea. Certain modifications to Brenan Brummitt’s treatment are proposed.
The typification of <i>Mimosa farnesiana</i>
Authors: Ross J. H. 
Published: July 2015

The protologue of Mimosa farnesiana L. in Species Plantarum ed.l: 521 (1753) was based on several elements. In the absence of a type specimen it was considered desirable to select a lectotype in order to preserve the current application of the name M. farnesiana.
The genus <i>Syncolostemon</i> (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Codd L. E. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Syncolostemon E. Mey. ex Benth. is revised and its relationship with Hemizygia (Benth.) Briq.f is discussed. A new species, S. comptonii Codd is described and the following new combinations are made: S. parviflorus var. lanceolatus (Guerke) Codd (= S . lanceolatus Guerke) and S. latidens (N.E. Br.) Codd ( = Orthosiphon latidens N.E. Br.).
Studies in the Ericoideae. I. The genera <i>Eremia</i> and <i>Eremiella</i>
Authors: Oliver E. G. H. 
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus Eremia, in which seven species are recognized, and of the monotypic genus Eremiella is presented. Both genera belong to the Ericaceae-Ericoideae and are endemic in the south-western part of the Cape Province. The revision necessitated the inclusion of the monotypic genus Eremiopsis N.E. Br. under Eremia. This is the first in a series on the minor genera of the Ericoideae in Southern Africa.
The soil my coflora of an <i>Acacia karroo</i> Community in the Western Transvaal
Authors: Papendorf M. C. 
Published: July 2015

A survey of the composition and distribution of the soil mycoflora of an Acacia karroo Community in the Potchefstroom area was undertaken. A total of 858 sporulating cultures representing 76 genera and 144 species was recovered from this soil. The majority belong in the Fungi Imperfecti and only a limited number of Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes and no Oomycetes or Basidiomycetes were recorded. Members of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most abundant. The greatest concentration of individuals and species occurred in the surface layers and a rapid decrease in numbers was noticeable with increasing depth. The nature of this flora suggests a close correlation with the natural plant cover and the existing ecological conditions.
<i>Thuranthos</i>: notes on generic status, morphology, phenology and pollination biology
Authors: Stirton C. H. 
Published: July 2015

The generic status of Thuranthos C. H. Wr. is discussed. A key separating the two species is provided. The genus is reported to occur in Natal for the first time. Field studies in Natal have yielded additional information on the habitat, phenology, fruit morphology and pollination biology of T. macranthum (Bak.) C.H. Wr. Phalaenophily is reported for the second time in the South African Liliaceae. The relationship of T. macranthum with the moth Diaphone eumela (Cramer)—Noctuidae, Hadeniae, is discussed.
New taxa and a new combination in the genus <i>Cotyledon</i>
Authors: Tölken H. R. 
Published: July 2015

Five new species and one variety are described and the combination Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. subsp. ladismithiensis (V. Poelln.) Toelken is effected. The following new names are published; C. sulphurea Toelken, C. occultans Toelken, C. similis Toelken, C. viridiflorum Toelken, C. hallii Toelken and C. pygmaea Barker var. tenuis Toelken.
A note on the flowers of <i>Halleria lucida</i>
Authors: Stirton C. H. 
Published: July 2015

Studies of sunbirds (Cinnyris spp.) feeding on the nectar of flowers of Halleria lucida L. suggest that partial protandry may be operative in the breeding system of this cauliflorous tree. Attention is drawn to certain anomalies depicted in published botanical drawings. These anomalies are discussed in relation to the sequential development of the androecium and gynoecium in live flowers. Colins colius, the speckled coly, is reported to eat the fruits of Halleria lucida. This bird also feeds on nectar after piercing the base of the corolla tube.
The taxonomic status of the genus <i>Rubidgea</i>
Authors: Kovács-Endrődy Éva 
Published: July 2015

The genus Rubidgea Tate of the fossil family Glossopteridaceae was reduced to a synonym of Glossopteris by Seward (1907). Seward’s conclusion is now confirmed by a study of a wide range of imprints from a quarry near Hammanskraal, South Africa. The upper and lower surface imprints of a single leaf found on a split fragment of carbonaceous shale provides the main evidence presented. The finely striated upper surface imprint of the leaf could be identified with Rubidgea, whereas the lower surface imprint represents the typical strong venation of a Glossopteris. The type species of Rubidgea is transferred to Glossopteris as G. mackayi (Tate) Kovacs comb. nov. The characteristics of upper and lower surface imprints of a number of Glossopteris species are discussed.
Studies in the Hypoxidaceae. II. Floral morphology and anatomy
Authors: Thompson M. F. 
Published: July 2015

The inflorescence and flowers of representatives of Spiloxene, Pauridia and Empodium were studied. The inflorescence shows a reduction from a several-flowered umbel to a single flower. The anthers are non-versatile in all three genera, unlike those of Hypoxis and Rhodohypoxis. In Spiloxene and Pauridia the ovary is 3-locular with axile placentation, while in Empodium it is unilocular with three parietal placentas. The floral vascular anatomy of the three genera is described and the generic differences pointed out. The close relationship between Spiloxene and Pauridia is demonstrated and the inclusion of Pauridia in the Hypoxidaceae is supported. Spiloxene is regarded as generically distinct from Hypoxis.
Studies in the Leguminosae— Papilionoideae of southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H. 
Published: July 2015

Six African species of Psoralea are transferred to Cullen Medik.: C. biflora (Harv.) C. H. Stirton, C. holubii (Burtt Davy) C. H. Stirton, C. drupacea (Bunge) C. H. Stirton, C. jaubertiana (Fenzl) C. H. Stirton, C. obtusifolia (DC.) C. H. Stirton and C. plicata (Del.) C. H. Stirton. Psoralea patersoniae Schonl. based on an introduced garden plant is placed under synonomy of Cullen corylifolia (L.) Medik. The following new names are published: Lebeckia waltersii C. H. Stirton of subgenus Plecolobium C. H. Stirton; Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C. H. Stirton of subgenus Bituminaria and B. acaulis (Stev.) C. H. Stirton of subgenus Christevenia Barneby ex C. H. Stirton; Rhynchosia arida C. H. Stirton; Eriosema gunniae C. H. Stirton, E. preptum C. H. Stirton and E. transvaalense C.H. Stirton. Eriosema capitatum E. Mey. is placed in synonomy with Psoralea tomentosa Thunb., but as P. tomentosa Thunb. is a later homonym of P. tomentosa Cav. it should be referred to P. sericea Poir.
An analysis of the African <i>Acacia</i> species: their distribution, possible origins and relationships
Authors: Ross J. H. 
Published: July 2015

The three subgenera recognized within the genus Acacia are outlined and the global distribution of each is indicated. The differences between the subgenera and the degree of relationship and levels of specialization are discussed briefly. It is suggested that the ancestral members of the genus were climbers or lianes. Past geological events considered likely to have influenced the distribution of the Acacia species in Africa are outlined. The number of species recorded from each African country is tabulated and the distribution and concentration of species within the genus Acacia as a whole and within each subgenus in Africa are illustrated. The highest concentrations of species within each subgenus occur in tropical east and south-east Africa. The distribution o f species within some o f the individual African countries and possible affinities are discussed and attention is drawn to the main centres of endemism. The distribution of the African species is correlated with the major phytogeographical regions recognized on the continent. The relationships between the African and the American, Madagascan, Indian and Australian Acacia species are discussed briefly.
CYPERACEAE: <i>FICINIA LUCIDA</i>: AN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID BETWEEN <i>F. CEDARBERGENSIS</i> AND <i>F. IXIOIDES SUBSP. GLABRA</i>
Authors: Arnold T. H. 
Published: July 2015

FICINIA LUCIDA: AN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID BETWEEN F. CEDARBERGENSIS AND F. IXIOIDES SUBSP. GLABRA
The phytogeography and ecology of <i>Macrocoma</i> (Orthotrichaceae, Musci) in Africa
Authors: Magill Robert E. , Vitt Dale H. 
Published: July 2015

Of the 11 species presently recognized in the genus Macrocoma (Orthotrichaceae, Musci), four occur in Africa. These species are xeromorphic and occur in savannas, woodlands, and forests, roughly corresponding to the Afromontane Phytogeographic Region. Macrocoma tenue (Hook. Grev.) Vitt subsp. tenue is widespread in southern Africa, north to Ethiopia and also occurs in Australasia. Three species are endemic, with M. pulchella (Hornsch.) Vitt found only in the Cape area; M. abyssinica (C. Mull.) Vitt occurring in eastern Africa, and M. lycopodioides (Schwaegr.) Vitt distributed sporadically in eastern and southern South Africa.
Survival, regeneration and leaf biomass changes in woody plants following spring burns in <i>Burkea africana—Ochna pulchra</i> Savanna*
Authors: Rutherford M. C. 
Published: July 2015

Effects of two intensities of spring burn on various aspects of woody plants of a Burkea africana—Ochna pulchra Savanna after one growth season are given. Mortality of woody plants was very low with, for example, that of individuals of Ochna pulchra being between 1 and 5%. Some species where the above-ground parts were often burned away completely, as in Grewia flavescens, no mortality of individuals occurred. Basal regeneration shoot mass was found to depend parabolically on plant height while the ratio of leaf to twig mass in basal shoot regeneration varied inversely with plant height in Ochna pulchra. The ability of Ochna pulchra plants to produce new basal shoots appeared to not only depend on size of the plant but also on the number of basal shoots present prior to the fire. In live Ochna pulchra plants basal regeneration shoot biomass per individual was found to increase exponentially with greater reduction in canopy leaf biomass. This relation was also affected by possible direct heat effects. Basal shoot regeneration mass was found to vary greatly with species and varied from 0,7 g/individual for Dichapetalum cymosum to 285,6 g/individual for Euclea natalensis. There was a clear tendency for non-suffrutex shrub species to have greater mean basal regeneration shoot mass per plant than that of most tree species. There was a compensatory effect in Ochna pulchra between number and size of basal regeneration shoots. Standing dead woody plant individuals (before the burn) were either felled by fire or apparently unaffected by fire and there was no selectivity by species. Results of the present study are generally supported by other work on the effects of fire in savanna and some other vegetation types.
The subspecies of <i>Pelargonium cucullatum</i> (Geraniaceae)*
Authors: Volschenk B. , Van der Walt J. J. A. , Vorster P. J. 
Published: July 2015

Pelargonium cucullatum (L.) L’Herit. is shown to consist of three infraspecific taxa, which are given subspecific ranking under the names P. cucullatum subsp. cucullatum, subsp. tabulare Volschenk and subsp. strigifolium Volschenk. It is also shown that P. angulosum (Mill.) L’Herit. (Geranium angulosum Mill.) is synonymous with P. cucullatum subsp. cucullatum, but that the name P. angulosum has been misapplied for many years to subsp. strigifolium. The latter was formerly known as P. acerifolium L’Herit., non Geranium acerifolium Cav.
Stomatal area as an anatomical criterion for the determination of chromosome number in the <i>Eragrostis curvula</i> complex
Authors: Spies J. J. 
Published: July 2015

Twenty stomatal areas of each of 55 Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees plants were determined. An increase in polyploid level is shown to be moderately correlated with an increase in stomatal area. However, the extent of overlap in stomatal areas between different polyploid levels is too great to use this character for the determination of the polyploid level above the diploid level. All diploid E. curvula plants have an area of less than 280 µ2, whereas the tetraploid plants have areas greater than 320 µ2. It is therefore possible to identify diploid E. curvula plants on the basis of their stomatal area.
Destruction of the <i>Phoenix/Hibiscus</i> and <i>Barringtonia racemosa</i> Communities at Richards Bay, Natal, South Africa
Authors: Weisser P. J. , Ward C. J. 
Published: July 2015

The destruction of the Phoenix!Hibiscus and Barringtonia racemosa Communities described by Venter in 1972 on the southern shores of Richards Bay is reported. The cause was the artificial openingof a new mouth about 5,5 km south of the original mouth, which increased tidal range and salinity. These swamp communities occupied a narrow band about 6 ha in area behind the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Community. An estimated 95 % of the communities was affected and only on the landward border were some isolated remnants of species such as Acrostichum aureum, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Phoenix reclinata detected .Young stands of Phragmites australis, seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Avicennia marina and epipelic algae are recoIonizing the affected area.
Taxonomie numerique du genre <i>Eragrostis</i>
Authors: Ohoto-Omana L. E. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Eragrostis which, according to Roberty (1953), originated on the African continent, belongs to the tribe Eragrosteae, subfamily Eragrostoideae and family Gramineae. It is one of the most important genera o f the Gramineae, because o f the large number of species and their many uses. The purpose of this study is to try and provide a more natural classification of the species of Eragrostis, collected in Zaire, by using statistical methods. We have examined and compared 54 species with one another for a number of 'characters’: 17 characters of the vegetative structure, 28. of the* inflorescence, 20 microscopic characters of the leaf epidermis and 23 microscopic characters of the leaf anatomy. The methods used are divisive and agglomerative. We did not 'separate' quantitative and qualitative characters and gave the sUme priority rating to all characters. The three methods tested are: the Virtual Centres method; the similarity coefficient of Sorensen; and the coefficient of Gower. The coefficient of Gower proved to be best suited to our data and gave satisfactory results.
The taxonomic position of C3 and C4 <i>Alloteropsis semialata</i> (Poaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. 
Published: July 2015

Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. sensu Chippindall (1955) and Clayton (in press) is the only known grass species in which elements with both non-Kranz and Kranz leaf blade anatomy, and therefore with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways are included. In the past, two taxa had been recognized, but the characters used to separate them were found to be unreliable, so they were united. However, study of voucher specimens for anatomical and physiological work has shown that C3 and C4 taxa may be separated on the basis of morphological characters that differ from those considered in the past. Therefore, two taxa are again recognized, this time at the rank of subspecies, and the name Alloteropsis semialata subsp. eckloniana (Nees) Gibbs Russell stat. nov. is published.
A karyotypic and anatomical study of an unidentified liliaceous plant
Authors: Spies J. J. , Hardy D. S. 
Published: July 2015

An unidentified sterile liliaceous plant and three possible relatives were studied karyotypically and anatomically. All these plants have a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 14. The possibility of the sterile plant having arisen as a result of a mutation appears unlikely, when compared with the possibility of hybrid origin. Chromosome morphology rules out Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) R. S. and Aloe arborescens Mill, as possible parents. The sterile plant and Aloe marlothii Berger have similar karyotypes and. therefore. A. marlothii may be one of the parents. A close relationship between the sterile plant and the genus Aloe is further confirmed by their similar epidermal structure.
Phytogeography of African Commelinaceae
Authors: Faden R. B. 
Published: July 2015

Africa (including Madagascar) has nearly twice as many species of Commelinaceae as any other continent (approximately 270 species, or about 40% of the total in the family). Of the 17 genera which are native, seven (Anthericopsis, Coleotrype, Palisota, Polyspatha, Pseudoparis, Stanfieldiella and Triceratella) are endemic, the highest percentage generic endemism of any continent. Within Africa gcneric diversity is slightly higher in western than in eastern tropical floras. Species richness, however, is greatest in eastern Africa, mainly due to a high diversity of species of Commelina and Aneilema. Africa shares more genera with Asia (nine) than with any other continent. Only one African genus, Buforrestia, is neither endemic nor shared with Asia. Its western African/northeastern South American distribution is unique in the family. Besides Buforrestia, only five other genera of Commelinaceae (out of a total of 50 in the family), occur in both the Old and New Worlds. These genera. Aneilema, Commelina, Floscopa, Murdannia and Pollia are all very widespread in the Old World, occurring in Australia and Asia in addition to Africa (both continental and Madagascar). Madagascar is relatively poor in species (31). but these include the endemic Madagascan genus Pseudoparis, the sole African species of Rhopalephora, and the largest number of species of the Afro-Malagasy endemic genus Coleotrype. The high rate of generic endemism of Commelinaceae in Africa probably indicates that Africa was one of the ancient centres of diversity for the family. The high species diversity is more likely due to relatively recent radiations by genera pre-adapted to survival in non-forest habitats. The occurrence of only a small number of genera on both sides of the Atlantic suggests that the Commelinaceae have been evolving independently in the eastern and western hemispheres for a long period.
A preliminary survey of primitive crops cultivated in the northern Transvaal of South Africa
Authors: Arnold T. H. , Musil K. J. 
Published: July 2015

The different tribal economies of South Africa rely extensively on a number of primitive crop taxa which are cultivated as a primary food source. The most important of these include Sorghum bicolor, Pennisetum americanum, Citrullus lanatus, Lagenaria siceraria, Vigna unguiculata, Voandzeia subterranea and Hibiscus esculentus. Morphological variation within these and a number of less important crops is discussed. The frequency with which each crop is grown and preference ratings allotted to them by individual tribal families are compared between the three major ethnic regions of the northern Transvaal. Factors which determine preferences are also discussed and suggestions made relating to germ plasm conservation.
Contribution a l’ethnobotanique des Warega (Maniema, Kivu, Zaire)
Authors: Kitembo M. 
Published: July 2015

CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETHNOBOTANY OF THE WAREGA (MANIEMA, KIVU, ZAIRE) As a result of the particular social positions held by the grandfather and aunt of the author, very detailed information about the traditional uses of plants in Maniema could be collected. All the information obtained is supported by a herbarium reference collection deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Lubumbashi (LSHI), together with one or several vernacular names. The information can be grouped on the basis of four main types of utilization, namely plants used as food (seeds and oleaginous nuts, amylaceous fruits and flowers, leaves, berries.); medicinal plants (parasitic diseases, gynaecology, obstetrics, etc.); plants for domestic use (tools, mats, textiles, dyes and other uses).
Uses of graminaceous plants as food by man in West Africa
Authors: Chuah M. S. 
Published: July 2015

The family Gramineae, with over 7 000 species is the fifth largest family in the plant kingdom, and has over the years played a very important role in providing food for man in the form of cereals among which the most important and well-known examples are rice, wheat, maize and others. The principal graminaceous plants in man’s diet in West Africa are rice (Oryza spp.); maize (Zea mays L.) and a variety of species belonging to the sorghums and millets (species of Pennisetum, Digitaria and Eleusine). Plants collected in times of famine include species of Echinochloa, Panicum, Paspalum etc.
Some remarks on the taxonomy of the Plumerioideae (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Leeuwenberg A. J. M. 
Published: July 2015

The family of the Apocynaceae is usually subdivided into two subfamilies, the Plumerioideae with the type genus Plumeria from tropical America, and the Apocynoideae, often named Echitoideae, with the type genus Apocynum from North America. These subfamilies show two characters which are more or less diagnostic for all members. However, since the taxonomists have built up the present scheme of the Apocynaceae, phytochemists have observed that many plants belonging to the Plumerioideae contain alkaloids, and that many representatives of the Apocynoideae contain glycosides. Some of the alkaloids, e.g. those of Catharanthus, Rauvolfia and Voacanga, and some of the glycosides, e.g. those of Funtumia and Strophanthus are of medicinal interest. In the present paper, the arrangement of the genera within the Plumerioideae is mainly that of Pichon (1949, 1950, 1953a, 1953b). He subdivided all tribes, except the Tabernaemontaneae, into subtribes, which is an excellent concept according to the present author. The latter, however, does not always agree with the delimitation of the genera. For instance, he does not accept the sinking of Acokanthera under Carissa, especially as the plants belonging to these genera show great differences in architecture (Hallé Oldeman 1970; Hallé, Oldeman Tomlinson, 1978), but he sinks several genera maintained by Pichon, e.g. Ervatamia under Tabernaemontana (1976).