bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine after oral and intravenous administration to healthy cats
Authors: Buur Jennifer L. , Diniz Pedro P. V. P. , Roderick Kursten V. , KuKanich Butch , Tegzes John H. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in healthy cats after oral and IV administration.
Animals—6 healthy cats.
Procedures—In a crossover study, cats received NAC (100 mg/kg) via IV and oral routes of administration; there was a 4-week washout period between treatments. Plasma samples were obtained at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after administration, and NAC concentrations were quantified by use of a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol. Data were analyzed via compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.
Results—Pharmacokinetics for both routes of administration were best described by a 2-compartment model. Mean ± SD elimination half-life was 0.78 ± 0.16 hours and 1.34 ± 0.24 hours for the IV and oral routes of administration, respectively. Mean bioavailability of NAC after oral administration was 19.3 ± 4.4%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The pharmacokinetics of NAC for this small population of healthy cats differed from values reported for humans. Assuming there would be similar pharmacokinetics in diseased cats, dose extrapolations from human medicine may result in underdosing of NAC in cats with acute disease. Despite the low bioavailability, plasma concentrations of NAC after oral administration at 100 mg/kg may be effective in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Precision and accuracy of clinical illness scores, compared with pulmonary consolidation scores, in Holstein calves with experimentally induced Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia
Authors: Amrine David E. , White Brad J. , Larson Robert , Anderson David E. , Mosier Derek A. , Cernicchiaro Natalia 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the precision of a clinical illness score (CIS) system for identification of clinical signs in calves with experimentally induced Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia and to evaluate the accuracy of CISs in relation to pulmonary consolidation scores assigned at necropsy.
Animals—178 Holstein bull calves that were 52 to 91 days of age at the time of pneumonia induction.
Procedures—5 trials involved calves challenged with M bovis and scheduled for euthanasia and necropsy 12 to 24 days afterward. Nine veterinarian observers with various degrees of experience simultaneously assigned CISs to calves within 48 hours before necropsy. The precision of the CIS system among observers was evaluated via the Cohen κ statistic. The accuracy of each observer's CISs relative to 6 cutoffs (≥ 5%, ≥ 10%, ≥ 15%, ≥ 20%, ≥ 25%, and ≥ 30%) of percentage pulmonary consolidation was determined by comparing prenecropsy CISs with the gross pulmonary consolidation scores assigned at necropsy. Estimates for sensitivity and specificity were calculated relative to the 6 pulmonary consolidation cutoffs.
Results—A slight level of agreement was evident among observers (κ range, 0.10 to 0.21 for the individual trials) and overall (κ = 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.24). Median sensitivity and specificity changed with pulmonary consolidation score cutoff. Median sensitivity for all observers ranged from 81.7% to 98.9%, and median specificity ranged from 80.8% to 94.9% over all cutoff values.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Agreement among observers assigning CISs to calves was low; the accuracy of the CIS system in relation to that of pulmonary consolidation scoring varied with the severity of consolidation considered to represent bovine respiratory disease.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of single administration of 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants on egg production and plasma sex hormones in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Petritz Olivia A. , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Paul-Murphy Joanne , Fecteau Kellie , Mete Aslı , Kass Philip H. , Hawkins Michelle G. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants on egg production and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and androstenedione in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) over 180 days and assess safety of the implants in quail via gross and histologic examination.
Animals—20 female Japanese quail.
Procedures—Following a 7-day period of consistent egg laying, quail were anesthetized and received a 4.7-mg deslorelin implant (treatment group; n = 10) or identical placebo implant (control group; 10) SC between the scapulae. Egg production was monitored daily. Plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and androstenedione were measured on days 0 (immediately prior to implant injection), 14, 29, 62, 90, 120, 150, and 180 via radioimmunoassay. Birds were weighed periodically and euthanized at day 180 for complete necropsy.
Results—Egg production was significantly decreased in the treatment group, compared with the control group, from 2 to 12 weeks after implant injection. Egg production ceased in 6 of 10 quail in the treatment group (mean duration of cessation, 70 days). Plasma androstenedione and 17β-estradiol concentrations were significantly lower on day 29 in the treatment group than in the control group. Plama androstenedione and 17β-estradiol concentrations were significantly lower on day 29 in the treatment group then in the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants reversibly decreased egg laying for approximately 70 days in most of the Japanese quail evaluated. Further studies evaluating implants containing different concentrations of the drug are needed in quail and other avian species.
Anticoagulant rodenticide screening in dogs: 123 cases (1996–2003)
Authors: Waddell Lori S. , Poppenga Robert H. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To identify dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) screens submitted, determine whether detected concentrations of the anticoagulants correlated with severity of clinical signs for dogs with positive results on AR screens, and identify the most common disease processes present and the prognosis for those with negative AR screens.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—123 dogs.
Procedures—History, signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, PCV, total solids concentration, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, AR concentrations, duration of hospitalization, blood products administered, final diagnosis, and outcome were recorded from medical records of dogs that underwent AR toxicology screenings.
Results—75 of 123 (60.9%) dogs tested positive for AR. Dogs tested positive for brodifacoum, diphacinone (also called diphenadione), and chlorophacinone. Dogs with positive AR screenings weighed significantly less, received significantly more fresh frozen plasma, had significantly longer initial prothrombin time, and were significantly more likely to survive, compared with those with negative screens. Anticoagulant rodenticide concentrations ranged from trace amounts to 1,120 parts per billion and were not correlated with any recorded parameter. The most common conditions diagnosed in the 48 dogs with negative screens included neoplasia in 15 (31.3%), immune-mediated disease in 7 (14.6%), and gastrointestinal bleeding in 5 (10.4%) dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—AR concentrations were not correlated with severity of clinical signs or the degree of prolongation of coagulation times in this series of patients. Patients with severe coagulopathies but negative results of AR screening had a poor prognosis, with neoplasia as the most common diagnosis. Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication had the best prognosis, with a survival rate of 98.7% in this study.
Oleander toxicosis in equids: 30 cases (1995–2010)
Authors: Renier Anna C. , Kass Philip H. , Magdesian K. Gary , Madigan John E. , Aleman Monica , Pusterla Nicola 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical, laboratory analysis, and necropsy findings for equids with oleander toxicosis and to identify factors associated with outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—30 equids.
Procedures—Medical records of equids with detectable concentrations of oleandrin in serum, plasma, urine, or gastrointestinal fluid samples and equids that had not received cardiac glycoside drugs but had detectable concentrations of digoxin in serum were identified via a medical records database search. Descriptive statistics were calculated for medical history, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and necropsy variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify physical examination and laboratory analysis factors significantly associated with outcome.
Results—3 of 30 (10.0%) equids died before or immediately after arrival at the hospital. Of the other 27 equids, 23 (85.2%) had gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, azotemia was detected for 19 (70.4%), and a cardiac arrhythmia was ausculted for 18 (66.7%). Mortality rate for all equids was 50.0%; mortality rate for hospitalized equids was 44.4%. The most common cause of death was cardiac dysfunction. Odds of survival to discharge from the hospital were lower for equids with cardiac arrhythmias versus those without arrhythmias and decreased with increasing Hct and serum glucose concentrations. Odds of survival increased with increasing serum chloride concentration and duration of hospitalization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equids with oleander toxicosis frequently had simultaneous gastrointestinal tract, cardiac, and renal problems. Oleander intoxication should be a differential diagnosis for equids with colic in geographic areas where oleander is found, especially when azotemia or cardiac arrhythmias are detected concurrently.
Preparation of sterically stabilized gold nanoparticles for plasmonic applications
Authors: Benkovičová Monika , Végsö Karol , Šiffalovič Peter , Jergel Matej , Majková Eva , Luby Štefan , Šatka Alexander 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticles such as those of gold or silver have been recently investigated as a possible way to improve light absorption in thin film solar cells. Here, a simple method for the preparation of spherical plasmonic gold nanoparticles in the form of a colloidal solution is presented. The nanoparticle diameter is controlled in the range from several nm to tens of nm depending on the synthesis parameters with the size dispersion down to 14 %. The synthesis is based on thermal decomposition and reduction of the chloroauric acid in the presence of a stabilizing capping agent (surfactant) that is very slowly injected into the hot solvent. The surfactant prevents uncontrolled nanoparticle aggregation during the growth process. The nanoparticle size and shape depend on the type of the stabilizing agent. Surfactants with different lengths of the hydrocarbon chains such as Z-octa-9-decenylamine (oleylamine) with AgNO3 and polyvinylpyrrolidone with AgNO3 were used for the steric stabilization. Hydrodynamic diameter of the gold nanoparticles in the colloidal solution was determined by dynamic light scattering while the size of the nanoparticle metallic core was found by small-angle X-ray scattering. The UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer measurements revealed a plasmon resonance absorption in the 500–600 nm range. Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays on a silicon substrate were prepared by drop casting followed by spontaneous evaporation of the solvent and by a modified Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. The degree of perfection of the self-assembled arrays was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. Homogeneous close-packed hexagonal ordering of the nanoparticles stretching over large areas was evidenced. These results document the viability of the proposed nanoparticle synthesis for the preparation of high-quality plasmonic templates for thin film solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency, surface enhanced Raman scattering, and other applications.
Chemical degradation of polyaniline by reaction with Fenton’s reagent — a spectroelectrochemical study
Authors: Sedenkova Ivana , Dannenberg Felix , Younadam Nora , Holze Rudolf 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChanges in the various chemical and structural properties of polyaniline (PANI) films effected by interaction with Fenton’s reagent are monitored with electrochemical in situ spectroscopic and surface-sensitive techniques. Starting from a model of possible structural changes caused by chemical attack of species generated by Fenton’s reagent, particular attention is paid to the differences between the compact and highly porous (open) forms of PANI.
Fruits of Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) from the Cenozoic throughout the northern hemisphere: Their ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic implications
Authors: Wang Qi , Manchester Steven R. , Gregor Hans‐Joachim , Shen Si , Li Zhen‐yu 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) has four extant deciduous tree species, disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and the Fiji Islands. While K. paniculata is widely cultivated, the biogeographic origin and evolutionary history of Koelreuteria remain unclear.• Methods: Fruits, pollen, wood, and leaves of closely related extant taxa were examined in comparison with fossil remains to evaluate the fossil record and biogeographic history of Koelreuteria.• Key results: Overall, characters of capsular fruits are more diagnostic than other organs for this genus. We describe two new species of fruit remains from the Eocene, K. taoana sp. nov. (northeastern China and far eastern Russia) and K. dilcheri sp. nov. (western United States), and give emended descriptions of three species: K. allenii (Lesq.) W. N. Edwards (early–late Eocene of the United States), K. macroptera (Kováts) W. N. Edwards (late Oligocene–early Pliocene of Europe), and K. miointegrifoliola Hu et R. W. Chaney (Miocene of eastern Asia).• Conclusions: Reliable fossil records of capsules and ring‐porous wood indicate that Koelreuteria may have originated in North Pacific‐Rim area of the northern hemisphere by the early Eocene, representing an early temperate lineage in Sapindaceae adapted for wind dispersal. The fossils herein place a minimum age (ca. 52 Ma) for the divergence of Koelreuteria from tropical genera that appear more basal in the molecular phylogeny of Sapindaceae. Regional extinctions after the Eocene in North America and the Pliocene in Europe, reduced the range of Koelreuteria to eastern Asia, where three species occur today. The present distribution of another species in the Southern Pacific may be explained by long‐distance dispersal.
L'immigration clandestine à Mayotte
Authors: Legeard Luc 
Published: January 2013

La mort par asphyxie le 16 août 2012 d’un nourrisson de deux mois au centre de rétention de Mayotte a suscité dans la presse nationale un vif émoi. Le ministère de l’Intérieur a décidé d’envoyer un émissaire : Christian Christnacht, ancien haut-commissaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le dossier est en effet devenu très sensible. Les drames humains sans cesse renouvelés sont devenus des scandales qui ne peuvent honorer la présence de la France dans le canal du Mozambique.
La véritable Quatrième Guerre mondiale
Authors: Bacevich Andrew 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’action politique et militaire américaine au Moyen-Orient a reçu diverses appellations : guerre contre la terreur, choc des civilisations, démocratisation. Mais toute cette entreprise est en fait le fruit d’une décision prise il y a plusieurs décennies, selon laquelle l’« American way of life » requiert un accès illimité au pétrole étranger. Bien avant la fin de la Guerre froide, sous Jimmy Carter, l’Amérique est entrée dans une quatrième guerre mondiale. Dans la plus pure tradition américaine, l’administration Bush a cru qu’elle pourrait reprendre du début toute l’histoire du grand Moyen-Orient.
La fin du monde
Authors: André Jacques 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le complexe d’Œdipe est la notion la plus perdue, la plus détournée, de la psychanalyse freudienne. Il n’est plus aujourd’hui question que de « structuration, symbolisation, triangulation... » On ne voit plus du tout en quoi un complexe défini en termes de différences, de structure, d’organisation... devrait voler en éclat ou courir à la catastrophe , selon le mot de Freud. Il en va tout autrement si l’on entend, comme ce dernier le dit, complexe comme un creuset de violence, celle de désirs incestueux et meurtriers qui n’ont de cesse de trouver leur accomplissement. Désirer coucher avec sa mère et tuer son père n’a jamais structuré personne.
D'Antœdipe à Œdipe, Jacques Ier d'Angleterre précurseur d'Hamlet ?
Authors: Joubert Martin 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Si Hamlet a pu mettre Freud sur le chemin d’Œdipe, lui-même avait eu un modèle. Shakespeare s’est inspiré du roi Jacques I er d’Angleterre dont la vie psychique semble avoir été dominée par des éléments antœdipiens. Ainsi, d’un personnage à l’autre, on semble glisser imperceptiblement d’Antœdipe à Œdipe. Quels sont les points d’inflexion de ce mouvement ?
Pourquoi les sportives ne sont-elles pas féministes ?
Authors: Mennesson Christine 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article interroge la relative absence de mobilisations genrées dans le monde sportif, lieu pourtant privilégié d’expression de la hiérarchie entre les sexes, en mobilisant conjointement les approches interactionnistes et structuralistes de l’engagement militant. Dans le cas des sportives enquêtées, les modes de socialisation, familiale et sportive, construisent la figure de la féministe comme un modèle repoussoir. Par ailleurs, les institutions sportives sélectionnent les femmes qui correspondent le plus aux attentes fédérales, limitant ainsi les possibilités de contestation. Plusieurs enquêtes dans des pratiques « masculines » illustrent les difficultés des mobilisations genrées dans le sport.
Former des économistes au développement durable : les enjeux d’une expérimentation niveau Master
Authors: Figuière Catherine , Rocca Michel 
Published: January 2013

Ce texte a pour objectif de rendre compte d’une expérimentation menée en Master d’économie à l’Université des Sciences Sociales de Grenoble, dans le domaine de l’éducation en vue du développement durable. En première année, les étudiants peuvent suivre de nombreux enseignements sur le développement durable, notamment appliqués aux entreprises. Le suivi des cohortes montre que, tout en souhaitant conserver leur orientation DD, des étudiants choisissent le Master 2 pro « Expertise socio-économique et conduite du changement organisationnel » qui n’aborde pas explicitement la question du DD. Il vise en effet un apprentissage à la conduite du changement et forme aux méthodes (participatives notamment) et aux outils de l’expertise pour conduire des stratégies de changement en contexte de mutation, indispensables pour « faire » du DD. À partir de l’analyse des trajectoires professionnelles des jeunes diplômés sur la base des fiches de postes, cette contribution conclut sur la pertinence de ce « bricolage », qui répond aux attentes des employeurs soucieux de développer des « pratiques durables » dans leur organisation.
Éco-conseil : le défi d'appliquer le développement durable au deuxième cycle universitaire
Authors: Villeneuve Claude 
Published: January 2013

Depuis 2001, l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) offre le DÉSS en éco-conseil, un programme intensif de deuxième cycle qui vise à former des professionnels du développement durable (DD). Cette formation se caractérise par sa transdisciplinarité, son ancrage dans l’action et son originalité par rapport à l’enseignement traditionnel. En 2008, un programme court de DD appliqué a été créé dans la foulée du DÉSS en éco-conseil pour accommoder les étudiants désireux d’acquérir des compétences en DD à distance et en 2010, un programme court sur la gestion durable du carbone forestier s’est ajouté. En mai 2011, l’UQAC offre une maîtrise par cumul aux diplômés du DÉSS. Un programme court « Énergie et développement durable » devrait être offert à compter de l’automne 2012.Parmi les éléments originaux de ces formations, la mise en œuvre du DD par les étudiants tout au long de leur cursus se trouve dans la théorie comme dans la pratique. Après dix cohortes, la formule s’avère non seulement reproductible, mais les lignes de force et les clés de la réussite peuvent en être formalisées. Parmi celles-ci, la multidisciplinarité des étudiants et des formateurs, l’investissement personnel, la pensée complexe, les compétences en communication, le dialogue interculturel et une connaissance large des problèmes d’environnement sont à signaler. Depuis qu’il est dispensé au Québec, plus de 110 diplômés sont issus de ce programme qui a pris naissance en Europe. Ils se distinguent à de multiples égards sur le marché du travail. L’enjeu de la pérennité de cette expérience demeure toujours une question ouverte.
Android Shape Independent of Aerobic Fitness: A Risk Factor for Low Bone Mineral Content in Overweight and Obese Latina Women
Authors: Afghani Afrooz 
Published: January 2013

Objective The link between central adiposity and osteopenia has not been extensively studied in Latina women. In particular, the association between abdominal weight and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), independent of total weight and aerobic capacity, remains uncertain, especially in overweight and obese individuals. Methods Trunk weight, total body fat mass, fat-free mass, BMC, and BMD of 33 premenopausal Latina women age 22 to 51 years from Los Angeles, California were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Waist circumference (WC) was measured without clothing at the smallest circumference of the torso. Peak aerobic capacity (peak VO2) was determined by treadmill ergometry with direct measurement of oxygen consumption. Results Partial correlations controlling for total body fat mass, fat-free mass, and peak VO2 revealed a significant inverse relationship between BMC and WC ( r = −0.54, P < 0.05) but not between BMD and WC ( r = −0.18, P = 0.41). Similarly, while controlling for total body fat, fat-free mass, and peak VO2, BMC was inversely associated with trunk fat ( r = −0.75, P < 0.001), with trunk lean ( r = −0.61, P < 0.05) and with total trunk weight ( r = −0.75, P < 0.001); results were non-significant for BMD. When these analyses were repeated separately in overweight (n = 10) versus in the obese (n = 18) women, inverse relationships between BMC and trunk fat as well as between BMC and total trunk weight became stronger in the obese compared with the overweight women. Conclusion Although general obesity may prevent osteoporosis, these findings suggest that abdominal obesity (ie, trunk weight) specifically and independently may adversely influence bone mass.