bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The severity of individual obstruction events is related to increased mortality rate in severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Muraja‐Murro Anu , Kulkas Antti , Hiltunen Mikko , Kupari Salla , Hukkanen Taina , Tiihonen Pekka , Mervaala Esa , Töyräs Juha 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to an increased mortality rate. However, the severity of individual obstruction events is rarely considered quantitatively in clinical practice. We hypothesized that OSA with especially severe obstruction events would predispose a patient to greater health risks than OSA with a similar apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), but lower severity of individual events. This hypothesis was tested in a follow‐up (198.2 ± 24.7 months) of a population of 1068 men referred for ambulatory polygraphic recording due to suspected OSA. The recordings were analysed according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Furthermore, a novel obstruction severity parameter was determined; this was defined as the product of duration of the individual obstruction event and area of the related desaturation event. Patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were omitted. We identified 125 deceased patients from our original population and for 113 of these a matching alive patient with similar AHI, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits and follow‐up time could be found. The deceased patients with severe OSA (based on conventional AHI) showed higher obstruction severity values than their AHI‐matched alive controls. Based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis, obstruction severity was the only parameter which was related statistically significantly to mortality in the severe OSA category. Furthermore, 59% of all deceased patients and 83% of those who had severe OSA displayed higher obstruction severity than the AHI‐matched alive counterparts. To conclude, the obstruction severity parameter provided valuable prognostic information supplementing AHI. The obstruction severity parameter might improve recognition of the patients with the highest risk.
Riboflavin‐responsive multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A frequent condition in the southern Chinese population
Authors: Liang Wen‐Chen , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMultiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is caused by the recessive mutations in any of ETFA, ETFB and ETFDH, respectively, encoding electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF)‐α, ETF‐β and ETF‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF‐QO), resulting in defects in the transfer of high‐energy electrons from acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases in mitochondria and leading to dysfunction of all ETF‐dependent acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases. MADD seems to be very rare, at least in the Japanese population, but not among the southern Chinese population because of the presence of the common c.250G>A (p.Ala84Thr) mutation in ETFDH, with an estimated carrier frequency of approximately 1%. This mutation was originally identified in MADD patients in Taiwan; but later, several reports of the same mutation, including those from southern China, ensued this. So far, this mutation has not been identified in any other population, except for only a few patients in northern China, probably as a result of migration. High‐dose riboflavin supplementation therapy has been shown to be efficacious in MADD patients with certain ETFDH mutations, including p.Ala84Thr, suggesting that MADD in most southern Chinese patients might be treatable. Therefore, the possibility of MADD should be highly suspected in southern Chinese patients with relevant clinical manifestations.
Relationship between orofacial function, dentofacial morphology, and bite force in young subjects
Authors: Marquezin MCS , Gavião MBD , Alonso MBCC , Ramirez‐Sotelo LR , Haiter‐Neto F , Castelo PM 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the relationship between orofacial function, dentofacial morphology, and bite force in young subjects.Subjects and MethodsThree hundred and sixteen subjects were divided according to dentition stage (early, intermediate, and late mixed and permanent dentition). Orofacial function was screened using the Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S). Orthodontic treatment need, bite force, lateral and frontal craniofacial dimensions and presence of sleep bruxism were also assessed. The results were submitted to descriptive statistics, normality and correlation tests, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to test the relationship between NOT‐S scores and the studied independent variables.ResultsThe variance of NOT‐S scores between groups was not significant. The evaluation of the variables that significantly contributed to NOT‐S scores variation showed that age and presence of bruxism related to higher NOT‐S total scores, while the increase in overbite measurement and presence of closed lip posture related to lower scores. Bite force did not show a significant relationship with scores of orofacial dysfunction. No significant correlations between craniofacial dimensions and NOT‐S scores were observed.ConclusionAge and sleep bruxism were related to higher NOT‐S scores, while the increase in overbite measurement and closed lip posture contributed to lower scores of orofacial dysfunction.
Locking Plate Fixation of Periprosthetic Femur Fractures with and without Cerclage Wires
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A , Sochacki Kyle R , Liu Xiaochen , Hirschfeld Adam G , Liu Jiayong 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe number of patients requiring knee and hip arthroplasty has been steadily increasing, and periprosthetic fractures are on the rise. Locking plates are the most common treatment for periprosthetic fractures, but the use of cerclage wires with locking plate fixation has been controversial.MethodsForty‐seven patients with periprosthetic femur fractures were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty‐four patients received locking plate alone and twenty‐three patients were treated with locking plate and cerclage wires. Patients were evaluated for clinical and radiographic signs of union at two, six, twelve, twenty‐four, and forty‐eight weeks postoperatively.ResultsThe average follow‐up time in the plate group was 9.4 ± 6.7 months, while it was 6.0 ± 4.2 months in the cerclage wire group. The time to union in the cerclage wire group (3.6 ± 1.0 months) was significantly less than the plate group (4.8 ± 2.6 months). The group with the cerclage wires had a significantly lower revision rate of 0% compared to 20.8%. There was no statistical significance of union rate and complication rate between the two groups.ConclusionCerclage wires used with locking plate fixation successfully treats periprosthetic fractures of the femur with faster time to union, less complication, and fewer revisions.
Application of marker‐assisted selection and genome‐wide association scanning to the development of winter food barley germplasm resources
Authors: Chutimanitsakun Yada , Cuesta‐Marcos Alfonso , Chao Shiaoman , Corey Ann , Filichkin Tanya , Fisk Scott , Kolding Mathias , Meints Brigid , Ong Yee‐Ling , Rey Juan Ignacio , Ross Andrew S. , Hayes Patrick M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important component of heart‐healthy whole grain diets because it contains β‐glucan. All current US barley varieties with high β‐glucan are spring habit and have waxy starch. Winter varieties have agronomic advantages but require low‐temperature tolerance (LTT). Vernalization sensitivity (VS) is associated with higher levels of LTT. To rapidly develop fall‐sown varieties with LTT and higher grain β‐glucan, we therefore used marker‐assisted selection (MAS) at the WX and VRN‐H2 loci. The MAS‐derived lines, together with unrelated non‐waxy germplasm developed via phenotypic selection (PS), were used for a genome‐wide association scan (GWAS). The panel was phenotyped for grain β‐glucan, LTT and VS. It was genotyped with 3072 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and allele‐specific primers. Marker‐assisted selection fixed target alleles at both loci but only one of the target phenotypes (higher β‐glucan percentage) was achieved. Variation for VS and LTT is attributable to (i) incomplete information about VRN‐H1 at the outset of the project and (ii) unexpected allelic variation at VRN‐H3 with a large effect on VS and LTT.
T‐type calcium channel blockers inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Das Arindam , Pushparaj Charumathi , Herreros Judit , Nager Mireia , Vilella Ramon , Portero Manuel , Pamplona Reinald , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Martí Rosa M. , Cantí Carles 
Published: August 2013

SummaryWe have recently reported that human melanoma cells express a variety of voltage‐gated calcium (Ca2+) channel types, including low‐voltage‐activated T‐type channels that play a significant role in melanoma cell cycle progression. Here, we challenged melanoma metastatic cells with T‐type channel blockers of clinical use and found a dual effect on cell viability: (i) a reduction in the proliferation rate, through a halt in the progression to the G1‐S phase; and (ii) a promotion of cell death that was partially dependent on the activation of caspases. An in‐depth analysis of the death process showed that the apoptotic pathway is preceded by endoplasmic reticulum stress and the subsequent inhibition of the basal macroautophagy which is active in these cells. The effects of pharmacological blockers on Ca2+ homeostasis, autophagy, and cell death were mimicked by T‐type channel gene silencing. These results provide the basis for a new pharmacological and/or gene silencing approach toward tackling melanoma metastasis.
Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells
Authors: Wada Naohisa , Gronthos Stan , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdult‐derived mesenchymal stem cells have received considerable attention over the past two decades for their potential use in tissue engineering, principally because of their potential to differentiate into multiple stromal‐cell lineages. Recently, the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells have attracted interest as a unique property of these cells that may be harnessed for novel therapeutic approaches in immune‐mediated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of activated T‐cells both in vitro and in vivo but to stimulate T‐regulatory cell proliferation. Mesenchymal stem cells are also known to be weakly immunogenic and to exert immunosuppressive effects on B‐cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and neutrophils through various mechanisms. Furthermore, intravenous administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells has shown a marked suppression of host immune reactions in preclinical animal models of large‐organ transplant rejection and in various autoimmune‐ and inflammatory‐based diseases. Some clinical trials utilizing human mesenchymal stem cells have also produced promising outcomes in patients with graft‐vs.‐host disease and autoimmune diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells identified from various dental tissues, including periodontal ligament stem cells, also possess multipotent and immunomodulatory properties. Hence, dental mesenchymal stem cells may represent an alternate cell source, not only for tissue regeneration but also as therapies for autoimmune‐ and inflammatory‐mediated diseases. These findings have elicited interest in dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells as alternative cell sources for modulating alloreactivity during tissue regeneration following transplantation into human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched donors. To examine this potential in periodontal regeneration, future work will need to assess the capacity of allogeneic periodontal ligament stem cells to regenerate periodontal ligament in animal models of periodontal disease. The present review describes the immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on various types of immune cells, the potential mechanisms through which they exert their mode of action and the preclinical animal studies and human clinical trials that have utilized mesenchymal stem cells, including those populations originating from dental structures.
Matrix metalloproteinase processing of signaling molecules to regulate inflammation
Authors: Butler Georgina S. , Overall Christopher M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInflammation is a complex and highly regulated process that facilitates the clearance of pathogens and mediates tissue repair. Failure to resolve inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Matrix metalloproteinases are generally thought to be detrimental in disease because degradation of extracellular matrix contributes to pathology. However, proteomic techniques (degradomics) are revealing that matrix metalloproteinases process a diverse array of substrates and therefore have a broad range of functions. Many matrix metalloproteinase substrates modulate inflammation and hence, by processing these proteins, matrix metalloproteinases can orchestrate the inflammatory response.
Regularized Matrix Regression
Authors: Zhou Hua , Li Lexin 
Published: August 2013

SummaryModern technologies are producing a wealth of data with complex structures. For instance, in two-dimensional digital imaging, flow cytometry and electroencephalography, matrix-type covariates frequently arise when measurements are obtained for each combination of two underlying variables. To address scientific questions arising from those data, new regression methods that take matrices as covariates are needed, and sparsity or other forms of regularization are crucial owing to the ultrahigh dimensionality and complex structure of the matrix data. The popular lasso and related regularization methods hinge on the sparsity of the true signal in terms of the number of its non-zero coefficients. However, for the matrix data, the true signal is often of, or can be well approximated by, a low rank structure. As such, the sparsity is frequently in the form of low rank of the matrix parameters, which may seriously violate the assumption of the classical lasso. We propose a class of regularized matrix regression methods based on spectral regularization. A highly efficient and scalable estimation algorithm is developed, and a degrees-of-freedom formula is derived to facilitate model selection along the regularization path. Superior performance of the method proposed is demonstrated on both synthetic and real examples.
Evidence of lateral asthenosphere flow beneath the South China craton driven by both Pacific plate subduction and the India–Eurasia continental collision
Authors: Gong Junfeng , John Chen Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSouth China Cenozoic basalts (SCCB) are regionally distributed at the south‐east coastal area and can be grouped into three zones: a western zone (>38 Ma), a central zone (17–8 Ma) and an eastern zone (<8 Ma), leaving a temporal gap at 38–17 Ma between the western and central zones. An eastward migration of the SCCB could therefore be identified by the systematic decrease in the eruption age from the western inland to the eastern coast. We propose that most SCCB were associated with the lateral asthenospheric flows moving along the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath South China and the subsequent decompressional partial melting. The lateral asthenospheric flows had been pulled by the eastward retreat of the pan‐Pacific plate subduction before 38 Ma and have been pushed by the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate since 17 Ma.
Indo‐Antarctic derived detritus on the northern margin of Gondwana: evidence for continental‐scale sediment transport
Authors: Rösel Delia , Boger Steven David , Möller Andreas , Gaitzsch Birgit , Barth Matthias , Oalmann Jeffrey , Zack Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProvenance studies from Cambro‐Ordovician sediments of the North Gondwana passive margin typically ascribe a North African source, a conclusion that cannot be reconciled with all observations. We present new U‐Pb ages from detrital rutile and zircon from Late Ordovician sediments from Saxo‐Thuringia, Germany. Detrital zircons yield age populations of 500–800 Ma, 900–1050 Ma and 1800–2600 Ma. The detrital rutile age spectra are unimodal with ages between 500 and 650 Ma and likely represent, together with the 500–800 Ma and 1800–2600 Ma zircon populations, detritus sourced predominantly from North Africa. In contrast, the c. 950 Ma zircons, which are persistently found in Cambro‐Ordovician sediments of North Gondwana, have no obvious African source. We propose that these zircons are sourced from the Rayner Complex–Eastern Ghats regions of Antarctica and India. An Indo‐Antarctic source indicates either continental‐scale sedimentary transport from central Gondwana to its peripheries or multiple cycles of sediment reworking and redeposition.
Durbachites–Vaugnerites – a geodynamic marker in the central European Variscan orogen
Authors: von Raumer Jürgen F. , Finger Fritz , Veselá Petra , Stampfli Gérard M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDurbachites–Vaugnerites are K–Mg‐rich magmatic rocks derived from an enriched mantle source. Observed throughout the European Variscan basement, their present‐day geographical distribution does not reveal any obvious plate‐tectonic context. Published geochronological data show that most durbachites–vaugnerites formed around 335–340 Ma. Plotted in a Visean plate‐tectonic reconstruction, the occurrences of durbachites–vaugnerites are concentrated in a hotspot like cluster in the Galatian superterrane, featuring a distinctive regional magmatic province. Reviewing the existing local studies on Variscan durbachite–vaugnerite rocks, we interpret their extensive appearance in the Visean in terms of two factors: (i) long‐term mantle enrichment above early Variscan subduction systems; and (ii) melting of this enriched subcontinental mantle source during the Variscan collision stage due to thermal anomalies below the Galatian superterrane, possibly created by slab windows and and/or the sinking of the subducted Rheic slab into the mantle. The tectonic reorganization of Europe in the Late Palaeozoic and during the Alpine orogeny has torn apart and blurred this marked domain of durbachites–vaugnerites.
A dominant repressor version of the tomato Sl‐ERF.B3 gene confers ethylene hypersensitivity via feedback regulation of ethylene signaling and response components
Authors: Liu Mingchun , Pirrello Julien , Kesari Ravi , Mila Isabelle , Roustan Jean‐Paul , Li Zhengguo , Latché Alain , Pech Jean‐Claude , Bouzayen Mondher , Regad Farid 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEthylene Response Factors (ERFs) are downstream components of the ethylene signal transduction pathway, although their role in ethylene‐dependent developmental processes remains poorly understood. As the ethylene‐inducible tomato Sl‐ERF.B3 has been shown previously to display a strong binding affinity to GCC‐box‐containing promoters, its physiological significance was addressed here by a reverse genetics approach. However, classical up‐ and down‐regulation strategies failed to give clear clues to its roles in planta, probably due to functional redundancy among ERF family members. Expression of a dominant repressor ERF.B3‐SRDX version of Sl‐ERF.B3 in the tomato resulted in pleiotropic ethylene responses and vegetative and reproductive growth phenotypes. The dominant repressor etiolated seedlings displayed partial constitutive ethylene response in the absence of ethylene and adult plants exhibited typical ethylene‐related alterations such as leaf epinasty, premature flower senescence and accelerated fruit abscission. The multiple symptoms related to enhanced ethylene sensitivity correlated with the altered expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes and suggested the involvement of Sl‐ERF.B3 in a feedback mechanism that regulates components of ethylene production and response. Moreover, Sl‐ERF.B3 was shown to modulate the transcription of a set of ERFs and revealed the existence of a complex network interconnecting different ERF genes. Overall, the study indicated that Sl‐ERF.B3 had a critical role in the regulation of multiple genes and identified a number of ERFs among its primary targets, consistent with the pleiotropic phenotypes displayed by the dominant repression lines.
Neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus controlling gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone release: the neuroanatomical projections of kisspeptin neurons
Authors: Yeo Shel‐Hwa 
Published: August 2013

New findings
What is the topic of this review?Kisspeptin neurons have been implicated as important regulators of mammalian reproduction and fertility. This study aimed to investigate the axonal projections of kisspeptin neurons in adult female mouse brain using classical neuroanatomical tracers.
What advances does it highlight?The tracing results revealed the innervation patterns of kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle. These projections highlighted the diversity of brain regions possibly targeted by kisspeptin neurons, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of multiple circuits in addition to the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neuronal network. The present study provides a neuroanatomical framework for the further elucidation of the functions of the kisspeptin neuron populations in the arcuate nucleus and rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle.
The hypothalamus regulates the key hormonal signalling events essential for reproduction and fertility in mammals. The gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the principal neurons of the complex neuronal network that co‐ordinates multiple internal homeostatic and external factors necessary for fertility. Kisspeptin neurons are one of the major regulators of GnRH neuronal activity, but the ways in which kisspeptin neurons, located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V), control GnRH neurons are poorly understood. This study focused on the use of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques to establish the neuronal projection patterns of kisspeptin cells in the female mouse brain. Both anterograde and retrograde tracing studies highlight the complexity of the kisspeptin neuronal system and indicate that both ARN and RP3V kisspeptin neurons may participate in a variety of limbic functions. In relationship to the GnRH neuronal network, these investigations demonstrate that rostral ARN kisspeptin neurons may also project to GnRH neuronal cell bodies. However, we found no anatomical evidence to suggest that kisspeptin neurons innervate GnRH nerve terminals in the external layer of the median eminence. These studies provide a neuroanatomical framework for the further elucidation of the functions of the ARN and RP3V kisspeptin neuron populations.