bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of NMDAR antagonists in the tetrabenazine test for antidepressants: comparison with the tail suspension test
Authors: Skolnick Phil , Kos Tomasz , Czekaj Janusz , Popik Piotr 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine, produces rapid and enduring antidepressant effect in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Similar dramatic effects have not been observed in clinical trials with other NMDAR antagonists indicating ketamine may possess unique pharmacological properties. Tetrabenazine induces ptosis (a drooping of the eyelids), and the reversal of this effect, attributed to a sympathomimetic action, has been used to detect first-generation antidepressants, as well as ketamine. Because the actions of other NMDAR antagonists have not been reported in this measure, we examined whether reversal of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis was unique to ketamine, or a class effect of NMDAR antagonists.MethodsThe effects of ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists to reverse tetrabenazine-induced ptosis were examined and compared with their antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice.ResultsAll the NMDAR antagonists tested produced a partial reversal of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis and, as expected, reduced immobility in the TST. Ketamine, memantine, MK-801 and AZD6765 were all about half as potent in reversing tetrabenazine-induced ptosis compared to reducing immobility in the TST, while an NR2B antagonist (Ro 25-6981) and a glycine partial agonist (ACPC) were equipotent in both tests.ConclusionThe ability to reverse tetrabenazine-induced ptosis is a class effect of NMDAR antagonists. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the inability of memantine, AZD6765 (lanicemine) and MK-0657 to reproduce the rapid and robust antidepressant effects of ketamine in the clinic result from insufficient dosing rather than a difference in mechanism of action among these NMDAR antagonists.
THE AMENDED DIMINISHED RESPONSIBILITY PLEA
Authors: Rogers Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

IN R. v Golds [2014] EWCA Crim 748, the Court of Appeal was asked to clarify the meaning of “substantially impaired” in the partial defence of diminished responsibility in murder cases. By virtue of s. 2(1) of the Homicide Act 1957, as amended by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, s. 52, diminished responsibility is made out where:
(1)… D was suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which –(a)arose from a recognised medical condition,(b)substantially impaired D's ability to do one or more of the things mentioned in subsection (1A), and(c)provides an explanation for D's acts and omissions in doing or being a party to the killing.(1A)Those things are –to understand the nature of D's conduct;to form a rational judgment;to exercise self-control. …
The facts in Golds were tragically redolent of many such cases. Golds suffered from schizophrenia, and was said to live in fear of “everything” and to hear voices criticising and tormenting him. His partner (Claire) had registered to become his carer. He stopped taking his medication and his condition got steadily worse. On the fateful day, according to other witnesses, there was a difficult meeting with Claire and her family, and Golds later assaulted Claire at their home. Claire told Golds to leave, and they argued further over a bank card. Golds himself did not remember what happened next, but he fetched a knife and said that he would kill Claire, which he did (22 separate knife wounds were found on her body). When the police arrived, he said that Claire “had Satan in her eyes”.
STATISTICAL MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAIZE KERNEL ORIENTATION AND SEED LEAF AZIMUTH
Authors: KOLLER ADRIAN , TORRES GUILHERME , BUSER MICHAEL , TAYLOR RANDY , RAUN BILL , WECKLER PAUL 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYHand-planted plots of across-row-oriented corn seeds (Zeamays L.) produce highly structured leaf canopies and have shown significant yield advantage over randomly planted plots in prior studies. For further investigation of the phenomenon by simulation, the objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic model for the correlation between seed orientation and initial plant orientation. In greenhouse trials, the azimuthal orientation of kernels of four different hybrids was recorded at planting. At collar setting of the seed leaf, the orientation of the seed leaf was determined and the angular data subjected to the analytical methods of circular statistics. The results indicate that the correlation between seed azimuth and seed leaf azimuth can be described by a von Mises distribution. The probabilistic seed to seed leaf azimuth model described herein may be implemented in simulation models to investigate the effect of canopy architecture, canopy closure and light interception efficiency of corn under conditions of seed oriented planting.
Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Late Famennian (Late Devonian) of Southern Belgium and characterization of the Strud locality
Authors: DENAYER JULIEN , PRESTIANNI CYRILLE , GUERIAU PIERRE , OLIVE SÉBASTIEN , CLÉMENT GAËL 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Famennian (Upper Devonian,c. 372 to 359 Ma) strata of Belgium have recently received much attention after the discoveries of early tetrapod remains and outstandingly preserved continental arthropods. The Strud locality has yielded a diverse flora and fauna including seed-plants, tetrapods, various placoderm, actinopterygian, acanthodian and sarcopterygian fishes, crustaceans (anostracans, notostracans, conchostracans and decapods) and a putative complete insect. This fossil assemblage is one of the oldest continental – probably fresh-water – ecosystems with a considerable vertebrate and invertebrate diversity. The study of the palaeoenvironment of the Strud locality is crucial because it records one of the earliest and most important phases of tetrapod evolution that took place after their emergence but before their terrestrialization. It raises the question of environmental and ecological conditions for the Devonian aquatic ecosystem and the selection pressures occurring at the onset of tetrapod terrestrialization. The present study characterized the fluvial facies of the Upper Famennian sedimentary rocks of Strud and the surrounding areas. The exceptional preservation of arthropods and plants in the main fossiliferous layers is explained by rapid burial in the fine-grained sediment of the quiet and confined flood plain environment. Newly investigated fossiliferous sections in the Meuse–Samson area led to the description and correlation of key sections (Strud, Wierde and Jausse sections, complemented by the less continuous Haltinne, Huy and Coutisse sections). Moreover, the investigated sections allowed a review of the age of the fossiliferous horizon, which is now definitely considered to be Late Famennian in age.
EFFECT OF NATIVITY AND DURATION OF RESIDENCE ON CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG ASIAN IMMIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Pasupuleti Samba Siva Rao , Jatrana Santosh , Richardson Ken 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study examined the effect of Asian nativity and duration of residence in Australia on the odds of reporting a chronic health condition (cancer, respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus). Data were from waves 3, 7 and 9 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey, and multi-level group-mean-centred logistic regression models were used for the analysis. After covariate adjustment, Asian immigrants were less likely to report cancer and respiratory problem compared with native-born Australians. While there was no significant difference in reporting CVD, they were more likely to report diabetes than native-born people. Asian immigrants maintained their health advantage with respect to cancer regardless of duration of residence. However, after 20 years of stay, Asian immigrants lost their earlier advantage and were not significantly different from native-born people in terms of reporting a respiratory problem. In contrast, Asian immigrants were not measurably different from native-born Australians in reporting diabetes if their length of stay in Australia was less than 20 years, but became disadvantaged after staying for 20 years or longer. There was no measurable difference in the odds of reporting CVD between Asian immigrants and native-born Australians for any duration of residence. On the whole this study found that health advantage, existence of healthy immigrant effect and subsequent erosion of it with increasing duration of residence among Asian immigrants depends upon the chronic health condition.
Representation as power and performative practice: Global civil society advocacy for working children
Authors: HOLZSCHEITER ANNA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article analyses global civil society advocacy in the field of child labour through the lens of theories on political representation in global governance. The article is sympathetic to newer theories on political representation which, fundamentally, understand representation as a dialectic of performative practices between representatives and their real or imagined constituencies. However, the article argues that the contemporary literature on political representation turns a blind eye on two aspects that are central to understanding this dialectic of representation in the child labour case: first, representation as power and second, the contested nature of citizenship. The article thus proposes an approach to political representation that allows highlighting the power-dimension inherent to the interrelation between formal and performative aspects of representation, that is, between civil society actors’ power to represent and their power over representation. Using such an approach, the article presents empirical insights on CSO representation in global policymaking on child labour – a field in which conflicts over legitimate representation, citizenship, and grassroots participation continue to be exceptionally fierce.
Approach to the study of fast electron transport in cylindrically imploded targets
Authors: Del Sorbo D. , Arikawa Y. , Batani D. , Beg F. , Breil J. , Chen H. , Feugeas J.L. , Fujioka S. , Hulin S. , Koga M. , MacLean H. , Morace A. , Namimoto T. , Nazarov W. , Nicolai Ph. , Nishimura H. , Ozaki T. , Sakaki T. , Santos J.J. , Spindloe Ch. , Tanaka K.A. , Vaisseau X. , Veltcheva M. , Yabuchi T. , Zhang Z. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe transport of relativistic electron beam in compressed cylindrical targets was studied from a numerical and experimental point of view. In the experiment, cylindrical targets were imploded using the Gekko XII laser facility of the Institute of Laser Engineering. Then the fast electron beam was created by shooting the LFEX laser beam. The penetration of fast electrons was studied by observing Kα emission from tracer layers in the target.
Design, testing and evaluation of an end-effector for self-relocation
Authors: Han Feng , Sun Kui , Liu Yu , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYTwo identical end-effectors are indispensable for self-relocation of a space manipulator, which is an effective way of extending its servicing capability. The prototype design is intimately linked to the requirements. The significant features and functionality of the end-effector and its grapple fixture are described, including the key analysis efforts. The characteristics of the end-effector and their suitability for self-relocation and payload handling were confirmed by testing, which used two prototype end-effectors, a semi-physical simulation testbed system with two, six degrees of freedom (DOF) industrial robot arms, and an air-bearing testbed system with a seven DOF manipulator. The results demonstrate that the end-effector satisfies the requirements and it can work well in a simulated space environment. With the compliance motion of the manipulator, the end-effector can perform soft capture and the manipulator can securely self-relocate and handle the payload.
Regularity bounds for complexes and their homology
Authors: NGUYEN HOP D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLetRbe a standard graded algebra over a fieldk. We prove an Auslander–Buchsbaum formula for the absolute Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, extending important cases of previous works of Chardin and Römer. For a bounded complex of finitely generated gradedR-modulesL, we prove the equality regL= maxi ∈$_{\mathbb Z}${regHi(L) −i} given the condition depthHi(L)⩾ dim Hi+1(L) - 1 for alli< supL. As applications, we recover previous bounds on regularity of Tor due to Caviglia, Eisenbud–Huneke–Ulrich, among others. We also obtain strengthened results on regularity bounds for Ext and for the quotient by a linear form of a module.
Fontan conversion with hepatic vein exclusion: a means for hepatic preservation in single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Kogon Brian , McConnell Michael , Book Wendy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPatients with single ventricle heart disease often undergo staged surgical palliation, ultimately resulting in Fontan anatomy and physiology. Long-term consequences include cirrhosis of the liver, protein-losing enteropathy, and premature death. Elevated central venous pressure and venous congestion transmitted to the abdominal viscera have been implicated in the aetiology of many of these complications. We present a novel operation directed at protecting the liver and intestines by excluding the splanchnic venous return from the Fontan pathway. Instead of exposure to elevated Fontan pressures, the liver and intestines will be exposed to lower common atrial pressures. We hope that this modification will minimise the abdominal complications of Fontan anatomy and physiology.
Modeling Evacuation of a Hospital without Electric Power
Authors: Vugrin Eric D. , Verzi Stephen J. , Finley Patrick D. , Turnquist Mark A. , Griffin Anne R. , Ricci Karen A. , Wyte-Lake Tamar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHospital evacuations that occur during, or as a result of, infrastructure outages are complicated and demanding. Loss of infrastructure services can initiate a chain of events with corresponding management challenges. This report describes a modeling case study of the 2001 evacuation of the Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas (USA). The study uses a model designed to track such cascading events following loss of infrastructure services and to identify the staff, resources, and operational adaptations required to sustain patient care and/or conduct an evacuation. The model is based on the assumption that a hospital’s primary mission is to provide necessary medical care to all of its patients, even when critical infrastructure services to the hospital and surrounding areas are disrupted. Model logic evaluates the hospital’s ability to provide an adequate level of care for all of its patients throughout a period of disruption. If hospital resources are insufficient to provide such care, the model recommends an evacuation. Model features also provide information to support evacuation and resource allocation decisions for optimizing care over the entire population of patients. This report documents the application of the model to a scenario designed to resemble the 2001 evacuation of the Memorial Hermann Hospital, demonstrating the model’s ability to recreate the timeline of an actual evacuation. The model is also applied to scenarios demonstrating how its output can inform evacuation planning activities and timing.VugrinED, VerziSJ, FinleyPD, TurnquistMA, GriffinAR, RicciKA, Wyte-LakeT. Modeling evacuation of a hospital without electric power. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1-9
Sufficient Catheter Length for Pneumothorax Needle Decompression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Clemency Brian M. , Tanski Christopher T. , Rosenberg Michael , May Paul R. , Consiglio Joseph D. , Lindstrom Heather A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionNeedle thoracostomy is the prehospital treatment for tension pneumothorax. Sufficient catheter length is necessary for procedural success. The authors of this study determined minimum catheter length needed for procedural success on a percentile basis.MethodsA meta-analysis of existing studies was conducted. A Medline search was performed using the search terms: needle decompression, needle thoracentesis, chest decompression, pneumothorax decompression, needle thoracostomy, and tension pneumothorax. Studies were included if they published a sample size, mean chest wall thickness, and a standard deviation or confidence interval. A PubMed search was performed in a similar fashion. Sample size, mean chest wall thickness, and standard deviation were found or calculated for each study. Data were combined to create a pooled dataset. Normal distribution of data was assumed. Procedural success was defined as catheter length being equal to or greater than the chest wall thickness.ResultsThe Medline and PubMed searches yielded 773 unique studies; all study abstracts were reviewed for possible inclusion. Eighteen papers were identified for full manuscript review. Thirteen studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Pooled sample statistics were: n=2,558; mean=4.19 cm; and SD=1.37 cm. Minimum catheter length needed for success at the 95th percentile for chest wall size was found to be 6.44 cm.DiscussionA catheter of at least 6.44 cm in length would be required to ensure that 95% of the patients in this pooled sample would have penetration of the pleural space at the site of needle decompression, and therefore, a successful procedure. These findings represent Level III evidence.ClemencyBM, TanskiCT, RosenbergM, MayPR, ConsiglioJD, LindstromHA. Sufficient catheter length for pneumothorax needle decompression: a meta-analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):15
Does Enforcement Matter? Judicialization in PTAs and Trade Flows
Authors: HICKS RAYMOND , KIM SOO YEON 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the variability of judicialization across preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and their impact on trade flows. We develop a categorization of PTAs that contrasts enforcement mechanisms with the level of trade policy discretion allowed by a trade agreement and the degree of flexibility allowed for members. Utilizing an original dataset of PTAs signed by countries in Asia, which has emerged as one of the most active regions of PTA formation and which exhibits wide variability in levels of judicialization, we compare the effects of trade policy discretion, flexibility provisions, and enforcement mechanisms in PTAs on trade flows. We examine the empirical strength of our theoretical framework distinguishing between discretion, flexibility, and enforcement using confirmatory factor analysis. The empirical analysis then goes on to examine their respective effects on trade flows. The results show that agreements with strong commitments, that is, those that remove more trade policy discretion from a government, lead to a greater expansion of trade between signatories. Enforcement and flexibility mechanisms, however, have mixed effects.
Dealing with PTAs in the WTO: Falling through the Cracks between ‘Judicialization’ and ‘Legalization’
Authors: MAVROIDIS PETROS C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPreferential trade agreements (PTAs) have to be consistent with the WTO. Their monitoring at the multilateral level has failed so far for various reasons. The question arises what to do? Completion of the contract (‘legalization’) has failed repeatedly, and, in light of vested interests and incentives, there is no reason to believe it can succeed now. Judicialization can be discarded as well, since the incentives to enforce the WTO contract in this respect are lacking. The good arguments thus lie in favour of building bridges between the WTO and PTAs, and the weaker arguments with an effort to enhance enforcement against PTAs through either judicialization or legalization of the monitoring process.
Cooperation in the Shadow of WTO Law: Why Litigate When You Can Negotiate
Authors: POLETTI ARLO , DE BIÈVRE DIRK , CHATAGNIER J. TYSON 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the current multilateral trade regime, members often negotiate under the shadow of WTO law. This article develops a formal explanation of the way in which the credible threat to resort to and the actual use of WTO litigation can influence multilateral trade negotiations. We contend that the ability to impose costs on a defendant by way of litigation increases the complainant's bargaining power, opening a bargaining window and ultimately increasing the chances for cooperation in multilateral trade negotiations. On the other hand, the complainant's preference for loss-mitigation over gains from retaliation and its expectations about the likelihood that the defendant will not comply with an adverse ruling can augment the defendant's bargaining leverage. Thus, contrary to conventional wisdom, increased enforcement does not necessarily make actors shy away from further cooperation, although the credibility of the defendant's non-compliant threats crucially affects the location of any potential negotiated agreement. Empirically, we show that the argument can account for how Brazil, a potential complainant, and the EU and the US, two potential defendants, approached and bargained agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round.
No functional sexual dimorphism in Minorcan horse assessed by geometric morphometric methods
Authors: Parés-Casanova Pere M. , Allés C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe existence of sexual dimorphism in the Minorcan horse, an autochthonous breed from Minorca Island in the Balearic archipelago (NW Mediterranean Sea), is established in the official standard, with females being shorter and longer than males as well as having slenderer necks and a squarer croup. However, no study so far has explored the size and shape components of this dimorphism separately. The aim of this study was to analyse the morphology of this breed using geometric morphometric methods in order to find size and shape differences between sire lines. The analysis was based on landmarks digitized in lateral view from 38 registered adult Minorcan horses (20 males and 18 females) within an age range of 3–14 years (average 7 years) with different performance goals. The analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the “shape” and “size” of male and female animals, for the landmarks studied, so the sexes are functionally similar.