bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field
Authors: Hassannejad S. , Mobli A.R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.
Isobolographic Analysis of the Interaction of Tramadol with Anticonvulsant Drugs in Mice
Authors: Chiţac Lidia Cristina , Chiriac S. Beşchea , Neamţu Monica , Bulea Delia , Bild Veronica 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Experimental research followed by clinical studies have demonstrated the existence of several types of pain, thus the pain classification according to the mediation has widely extended. In addition, the study of the interactions with pharmacodynamic mechanism expanded very much during the last years; therefore in the new theories appear significant changes concerning synergism, addition and subadditivity in binary combinations. The investigations in this paper were aimed the demonstration of the antinociceptive of some drugs with anticonvulsant action and the analysis of their binary combinations with tramadol, using isobolar analysis. As model of nociception has been used the test of abdominal constrictive response in mouse induced by Zymosan A. the test substances were administered orally alone or in fixed proportion combinations. The data obtained were subjected to isobolar analysis. According to the statistical analysis the following have been observed: the binary combination tramadol-VA has proven to be synergistic (Zmix ⋋ Zadd, f = 0,5, p1 = 677, Tc =3.936, Tt = 3,529, c = 12.78, Ft = 4.46, p ⋋ 0.05), while the binary combination tramadol-CBZ has proven to be borderline additive (Z mix ⋋ Zadd).
Effect of a Short Time Concentric Versus Eccentric Training Program on Electromyography Activity and Peak Torque of Quadriceps
Authors: Carvalho Alberto , Caserotti Paolo , Carvalho Carlos , Abade Eduardo , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an 8-week concentric (CON) versus eccentric (ECC) isokinetic training program on the electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). Also, the isometric (ISO) and dynamic maximum strength of the knee extensors were assessed. Eighteen physically healthy male subjects (age 22 ± 1 years, body height 177 ± 4 cm, body mass 73 ± 7 kg) performed four weeks of unilateral CON isokinetic training for the quadriceps of the dominant leg on a REV9000 dynamometer. At the end of the fourth week, the sample was divided into two groups, with one group performing additional four weeks of unilateral ECC training and the other continuing with CON training. The training sessions consisted of three sets of ten maximal repetitions at a velocity of 60°s-1, three days per week for eight weeks. The results showed that CON and ECC groups improved the peak torque in all types of contractions. Also, both groups presented increases in the avgEMG for VL, VM and RF. The present investigation showed that CON training elicited increases of the ISO peak torque and VM avgEMG in the CON contraction. Additionally, significant gains were reported after the ECC training on the VM avgEMG in all contractions and RM avgEMG in CON contraction.
First report of black-foot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans, on ornamental marigold (Tagetes minuta) in Iran
Authors: Jamali Samad , Nasimi Zohreh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:
The ornamental Tagetes minuta is a herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family. T. minuta, a species native to southern South America, is used as a condiment, as a refreshing beverage, and for medicinal purposes. In 2011, disease symptoms of yellowing, root and foot rot, drying of leaves, and plant death were observed in an ornamental marigold (T. minuta) greenhouse in Fars province. The infected plants were collected and transferred to a laboratory. Samples were washed, cut into small pieces, surface disinfested with a 0.5% NaClO solution, and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) acidified to pH 4.5 with 0.5% lactic acid. Based on morphological characters, the causal agent was identified as Cylindrocarpon destructans. To confirm morphological identification, DNA was extracted from isolates using a genomic DNA purification Kit. The region of internal transcribed spacers 1, 2, and 5.8S genes of rDNA were amplified using the ITS4 and ITS1 universal primer set. Fragments of 600 bp were recovered from PCR, purified, sequenced, edited, and deposited in GenBank. The isolates had a 100% identity with all the compared C. destructans sequences. The pathogenicity tests were done with a suspension of 1 × 106 conidia per ml homogenised in sterile water. The symptoms on inoculated plants were similar to those previously observed and the fungus was reisolated from the inoculated plants. This is the first documented report of C. de-structans as a cause of root and foot rot disease on T. minuta in Iran.
Seismic and non-seismic soft-sediment deformation structures in the Proterozoic Bhander Limestone, central India
Authors: Sarkar Subir , Choudhuri Adrita , Banerjee Santanu , Van Loon A.J. (Tom) , Bose Pradip K 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Numerous soft-sediment deformation structures occur within the Proterozoic Bhander Limestone of an intracratonic sag basin in a 750 m long section along the Thomas River, near Maihar, central India. Part of these deformation structures have most probably a non-seismic origin, but other structures are interpreted as resulting from earthquake-induced shocks. These seismic structures are concentrated in a 60 cm thick interval, which is interpreted as three stacked seismi-tes. These three seismites are traceable over the entire length of the section. They divide the sedimentary succession in a lower part (including the seismites) deposited in a hypersaline lagoon, and an upper open-marine (shelf) part. Most of the soft-sediment deformations outside the seismite interval occur in a lagoonal intraclastic and muddy facies association.
The SSDS within the seismite interval show a lateral continuity. They record simultaneous fluidisation and liquefaction. The bases of each of the three composing seismite bands are defined by small-scale shear folds, probably recording an earthquake and aftershocks.
The presence of the three seismite bands at the boundary between the lagoonal and the overlying open-marine oolitic facies association suggests that the seismic event also triggered basin subsidence.
Spatial genetic structure in four understoryPsychotriaspecies (Rubiaceae) and implications for tropical forest diversity
Authors: Theim Terra J. , Shirk Rebecca Y. , Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: July 2014

•Premise of the study:Tropical forests are the most species‐rich terrestrial communities on Earth, and understory trees and shrubs comprise a large fraction of their plant species diversity, especially at high rainfalls. The mechanisms responsible for generating such high levels of diversity remain unknown. One hypothesis is that fleshy‐fruited understory species should have limited seed dispersal due to the sedentary nature of their avian dispersers, resulting in restricted gene flow, population differentiation at small spatial scales, and ultimately, high rates of allopatric speciation.•Methods:We sampled four species of the hyperdiverse tropical shrub genusPsychotria(Rubiaceae) on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) and two nearby sites in Panama. We genotyped each species with AFLPs, assessed genetic differentiation among populations, and determined patterns of fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the BCI population. Measures of spatial autocorrelation and population density were used to estimate the dispersal distance parameter σ.•Key results:Regionally, ΦPTvalues ranged from 0.13 to 0.28, reflecting local population differentiation and suggesting that Lake Gatun/Rio Chagres has posed a relatively strong barrier to gene flow. Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure on BCI was stronger than in most canopy trees, and estimated distances of gene flow were unusually low for endozoochorous tropical woody plants, with dispersal distance σ = 9–113 m.•Conclusions:These results demonstrate comparatively limited gene flow in bird‐dispersed understory species, supporting a hypothesized mechanism for generating high levels of plant species diversity in tropical rain forests, in one of the largest genera of flowering plants on Earth.
Photoresponsive Switches at Surfaces Based on Supramolecular Functionalization with Azobenzene–Oligoglycerol Conjugates
Authors: Nachtigall Olaf , Kördel Christian , Urner Leonhard H. , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, supramolecular complexation, and switching of new bifunctional azobenzene–oligoglycerol conjugates in different environments is reported. Through the formation of host–guest complexes with surface immobilized β‐cyclodextrin receptors, the bifunctional switches were coupled to gold surfaces. The isomerization of the amphiphilic azobenzene derivatives was examined in solution, on gold nanoparticles, and on planar gold surfaces. The wettability of functionalized gold surfaces can be reversibly switched under light‐illumination with two different wavelengths. Besides the photoisomerization processes and concomitant effects on functionality, the thermal cis to trans isomerization of the conjugates and their complexes was monitored. Thermal half‐lives of the cis isomers were calculated for different environments. Surprisingly, the half‐lives on gold nanoparticles were significantly smaller compared to planar gold surfaces.
Molecular Origin of the Hydrolytic Activity and Fixed Regioselectivity of a ZrIV‐Substituted Polyoxotungstate as Artificial Protease
Authors: Stroobants Karen , Goovaerts Vincent , Absillis Gregory , Bruylants Gilles , Moelants Eva , Proost Paul , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvited for the front cover of this issue are the groups of Tatjana N. Parac‐Vogt, Department of Chemistry, and of Paul Proost, Department of Microbiology and Immunology at KU Leuven in Belgium as well as the group of Gilles Bruylants at the École Polytechnique ULB, Brussels in Belgium. The image depicts the selective peptide bond hydrolysis of human serum albumin by a ZrIV Wells–Dawson polyoxotungstate at four distinct positions. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201402683.
Switching of Single‐Molecule Magnetic Properties of TbIII–Porphyrin Double‐Decker Complexes and Observation of Their Supramolecular Structures on a Carbon Surface
Authors: Inose Tomoko , Tanaka Daisuke , Tanaka Hirofumi , Ivasenko Oleksandr , Nagata Toshi , Ohta Yusuke , Feyter Steven De , Ishikawa Naoto , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Takuji Ogawa and Daisuke Tanaka at Osaka University. The image depicts porphyrin–TbIII double‐decker complexes with different electronic structures comprising protonated, anionic, and radical forms. The single‐molecular magnetic properties were successfully switched by changing the electronic structures of the complexes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201402669.
Influence of the Firing Atmosphere on Material Properties of Refractories
Authors: Gehre Patrick , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie Vergasungstechnologie stellt einen Schlüsselprozess der chemischen und energetischen Industrie dar. Hier wurde die Einsatzfähigkeit neuer Al2O3‐basierter Feuerfestwerkstoffe unter Vergasungsbedingungen untersucht. Dazu wurden in Abhängigkeit der Sinteratmosphäre die thermo‐mechanischen Eigenschaften, die Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit und der Phasenbestand von Al2O3, Al2O3‐ZrO2‐TiO2, MgAl2O4 und CA6 miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse stellen ein wichtiges Werkzeug für Betreiber einer Vergasungsanlage dar, die geeignete Ausmauerungsmaterialien auswählen müssen.
Lowest Singlet Exciton in Pentacene: Modern Calculations versus Classic Experiments
Authors: Pac Barbara , Petelenz Piotr 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBased on simple model calculations, the expected magnitude of the field‐induced shift observable in electroabsorption is estimated for three alternative assignments proposed in the literature for the lowest singlet excitation of the pentacene crystal (pure Frenkel exciton, pure charge‐transfer exciton, or a mixture of both). The results are compared with the corresponding experimental value, which is also known from the literature. The latter turns out to be compatible only with the mixed parentage of the pertinent state, which contains the charge‐transfer contribution in the range from 25 to 70 %. The conclusion is discussed in the context of the present controversies concerning the existing experimental and theoretical evidence on this subject.
Synthesis, Aggregation‐Induced Emission, and Electroluminescence of Dibenzothiophene‐ and Dibenzofuran‐Containing Tetraarylethenes
Authors: Xie Ni , Liu Yang , Hu Rongrong , Leung Nelson L. C. , Arseneault Mathieu , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDibenzothiophene‐ and dibenzofuran‐functionalized ethanes were synthesized by the McMurry coupling reaction. The luminogens are faintly emissive when molecularly dissolved in good solvents, but emit intensively when aggregated as nanoparticles in poor solvents or fabricated as solid thin films, demonstrating the phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Their organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) applications were explored, utilizing the AIE effect. Electroluminescence devices with the configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB; 60 nm)/dye (20 nm)/1,3,5‐tri(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl (TPBi; 10 nm)/tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3; 30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated. The OLED device emits at 510 nm with a maximum luminescence and external quantum efficiency of 104 cd/m2 and 2.1 %, respectively. The OLED behavior of the E/Z isomers was also studied.
An Exploration of Rapists' Motivations as Illustrated by Their Crime Scene Actions: Is the Gender of the Victim an Influential Factor?
Authors: Jamel Joanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn aim of this paper was to examine if the rapist's motivations of anger and power as inferred from rape crime scene behaviours differentiates between rape victim genders. In addition, it was sought to analyse the resistance strategies employed by rape victims to investigate whether gender influences victim–offender behavioural interactions. A sample of 24 female and 12 male rape victims aged from 13 to 39 years were analysed. The data were extracted from the US National Crime Survey, which contained 12 reported cases of male rape. It was hypothesised that the theme of power would be evident from the rapists' behaviour as illustrated by the crime scene actions and victim–offender interaction. Smallest Space Analysis, a multi‐dimensional scaling technique, was employed to identify the themes present in the perpetration of rape. The crime scene actions illustrated several distinctions relating to the theme of power present in the offender's motives irrespective of the victim's gender. An additional finding was that victim resistance strategies differentiated between male and female rape victims. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete conformations of epitope II on the hepatitis C virus E2 protein for antibody-mediated neutralization and nonneutralization
Authors: Deng Lu , Ma Li , Virata Maria Luisa , Zhong Lilin , Yan Hailing , Zhao Zhong , Struble Evi , Feinstone Stephen , Alter Harvey , Zhang Pei 
Published: July 2014

Significance
X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that one of the critical antibody-binding sites on the hepatitis C virus exists in different shapes. The structural transition among these shapes is governed by a highly conserved glycine residue that serves as a flexible joint connecting the two essential parts of the binding site; that is, the C-terminal α-helix and the N-terminal loop. It is the particular spatial arrangement of these parts that determines the specificity of antibody recognition and, consequently, the outcome of either neutralization or nonneutralization of the virus. These structural insights may be beneficial for the immune prophylaxis and treatment of HCV infections.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) expression downregulates E‐cadherin, induces β‐catenin re‐localisation and triggers apoptosis‐related events in breast cancer cells
Authors: Rosso Marina , Lapyckyj Lara , Amiano Nicolás , Besso María José , Sánchez Mercedes , Chuluyan Eduardo , Vazquez‐Levin Mónica Hebe 
Published: July 2014

Background InformationEpithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) is involved in cell–cell adhesion through its extracellular domain, whereas the intracellular domain interacts with adaptor proteins, i.e. β‐catenin, links E‐cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton and participates in signal transduction events. E‐cadherin protects mammary epithelial cells from apoptosis and its loss during tumour progression has been documented. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) has anti‐ and pro‐tumourigenic activities but its role in breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. Notwithstanding its relevance, how SLPI affects E‐cadherin in breast cancer is still unknown. This study evaluated the effect of SLPI upon E‐cadherin/β‐catenin expression and apoptosis‐related markers in murine (F3II) and human (MCF‐7) breast tumour cells either treated with exogenous recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) or stably transfected with a plasmid encoding its sequence.ResultsAddition of rhSLPI to F3II cells caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in E‐cadherin transcript and protein levels. Similar results were observed in SLPI‐stable F3II transfectants (2C1), and treatment of 2C1 cells with a siRNA toward SLPI restored E‐cadherin to control levels. SLPI‐expressing cells showed disruption of E‐cadherin/β‐catenin complex and increased (P < 0.05) percentage of cells depicting nuclear β‐catenin localisation. Associated to these changes, 2C1 cells showed increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and p21 protein levels, decreased c‐Myc protein levels and decreased Cyclin D1 and Claudin‐1 transcript levels. No differences in N‐ and P‐cadherin were observed between SLPI‐transfected cells and controls. Addition of rhSLPI to MCF‐7 cells or stable transfection with SLPI caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in E‐cadherin expression (transcript/protein) and its redistribution to the cytoplasm, as well as β‐catenin re‐localisation to the cell nucleus.ConclusionsExpression of SLPI was associated to a decrease in E‐cadherin expression and re‐localisation of E‐cadherin to the cell cytoplasm and β‐catenin to the cell cytoplasm and nucleus, and had pro‐apoptotic and cell cycle‐arrest effects.
Ranking Underwriters of European IPOs
Authors: Migliorati Katrin , Vismara Silvio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReputational capital is a valuable asset for underwriters in IPO markets. Existing measures of their reputation are tailored to the US market, where the same established investment banks typically handle IPOs on both the NYSE and NASDAQ. The widely used Carter‐Manaster rankings do not grade the reputations of underwriters of 67.5% of IPOs in Europe. The European IPO market is a series of domestic markets, where most underwriters operate almost entirely in a single country. This paper presents European‐based rankings of 260 underwriters of 3,776 IPOs in France, Italy, Germany, and the UK from 1995 to 2010, with the number of IPOs underwritten and the amount of capital raised.
Supervised independent component analysis as an alternative method for genomic selection in pigs
Authors: Azevedo C.F. , Silva F.F. , de Resende M.D.V. , Lopes M.S. , Duijvesteijn N. , Guimarães S.E.F. , Lopes P.S. , Kelly M.J. , Viana J.M.S. , Knol E.F. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the supervised independent component regression (SICR) method for the estimation of genomic values and the SNP marker effects for boar taint and carcass traits in pigs. The methods were evaluated via the agreement between the predicted genetic values and the corrected phenotypes observed by cross‐validation. These values were also compared with other methods generally used for the same purposes, such as RR‐BLUP, SPCR, SPLS, ICR, PCR and PLS. The SICR method was found to have the most accurate prediction values.
Cell-Based Assay To Identify Inhibitors of the Hfq-sRNA Regulatory Pathway
Authors: El-Mowafi Shaima A. , Alumasa John N. , Ades Sarah E. , Keiler Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) act in conjunction with the RNA chaperone Hfq to regulate gene expression in bacteria. Because Hfq is required for virulence in several bacterial pathogens, the Hfq-sRNA system is an attractive target for antibiotic development. A reporter strain in which the expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is controlled by Hfq-sRNA was engineered to identify inhibitors of this system. A reporter that is targeted by Hfq in conjunction with the RybB sRNA was used in a genetic screen to identify inhibitors from a library of cyclic peptides produced in
Escherichia coli
using split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS), an intein-based technology. One cyclic peptide identified in this screen, RI20, inhibited Hfq-mediated repression of gene expression in conjunction with both RybB and an unrelated sRNA, MicF. Gel mobility shift assays showed that RI20 inhibited binding of Hfq to RybB and MicF with similar

K
i

values. These data suggest that RI20 inhibits Hfq activity by blocking interactions with sRNAs and provide a paradigm for inhibiting virulence genes in Gram-negative pathogens.