bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistological expression of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 in consecutive biopsies during chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Havelund Birgitte Mayland , Sørensen Flemming Brandt , Pløen John , Lindebjerg Jan , Spindler Karen‐Lise Garm , Jakobsen Anders 
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of rectal cancer, and to investigate the fluctuation of these biomarkers in relation to pathological response to CRT. The study included 86 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma receiving preoperative CRT (>50.4 Gy and Uracil/Tegafur). Immunohistological expressions of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 were investigated in biopsies taken before treatment, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of CRT and in specimens from the operation. Decreasing expressions of HIF‐1α, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 were observed during CRT, whereas GLUT‐1 overall was unchanged. No significant changes of the markers were observed in the interval between CRT and surgery. A significant association was observed between the presence of residual carcinoma after 6 weeks of treatment and pathological response to CRT, but no association was seen between the fluctuations of any of the markers and response to CRT.This unique material containing specimens before, after and during CRT for rectal cancer demonstrated biological dynamics in HIF‐1α, Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67, but not GLUT‐1, expression during CRT, and a significant association was seen between the presence of residual carcinoma after 6 weeks of treatment and pathological response to CRT.
The peri‐implant health in patients attending an annual recall program. A clinical and microbiological study in 74 patients from the Tübingen Implant Registry
Authors: Lachmann Stefan , Stehberger Anna , Axmann Detlef , Weber Heiner 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the peri‐implant condition of unselected implant recall patients, to relate it to relevant features from the patient medical history, and to look at associations across these findings.Patients and methodsPrior to their most recent recall appointment, 74 individuals underwent a clinical and microbiological (PCR) investigation.ResultsSigns of a serious peri‐implantitis condition were not encountered in this patient cohort. However, a high prevalence of moderate plaque and bleeding on probing (60% and 78%, respectively) and PCR proof of periodonto‐pathogenic bacteria (43% positive for one or more target species) was apparent. The mean pocket probing depth was 2.9 mm. The by far most prominent co‐morbidity belonged to the group of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD; 27%). CVD were statistically significantly associated with the prevalence and concentration of Prevotella intermedia in the peri‐implant sulcus (P = 0.022). Age was positively associated with plaque load (P < 0.001). The Tanerella forsythensis score and prevalence was higher in implants supporting fixed than removable restorations (P = 0.025). Four of the five bacteria species assessed showed a high association with each other (exception: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans), but not to other hygiene findings.ConclusionsA considerable number of individuals exhibited peri‐implant findings that would require anti‐infective treatment. Prevalence and concentrations of periodonto‐pathogenic bacteria seemed to be associated with a variety of other variables from the patients' history, but not to clinical findings in this patient group.
Milk oral immunotherapy is effective in school‐aged children
Authors: Salmivesi Susanna , Korppi Matti , Mäkelä Mika J , Paassilta Marita 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAims:  To study the efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in schoolchildren with cow’s milk (CM) allergy (CMA).Methods:  Twenty‐eight children aged 6–14 years with CMA documented by oral challenge were enrolled into a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled OIT study. In the active treatment, CM protein amount was increased during 23 weeks from 0.06 mg to a maximum of 6400 mg (200 mL of milk).Results:  Twenty‐four (86%) patients completed the protocol: 16/18 in active and 8/10 in placebo groups. All children in the active and 2/3 in the placebo group suffered from symptoms considered by the parents as induced by milk. The children were contacted by phone 12 months later, and 13 (81%) used daily CM or milk products corresponding 6400 mg of CM protein. After double‐blind OIT, all 10 children in the placebo group completed successfully an open‐label OIT by an identical protocol, and all used daily CM or milk products 6 months later. Three to 3.5 years later, one child more had discontinued daily milk use. Thus, the long‐term success rate was 22/28 (79%).Conclusions:  This placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study confirmed that OIT was effective in desensitizing schoolchildren with CMA. With occasional exceptions, the reached desensitization sustained for more than 3 years.
Inconsistencies between theory and methodology: a recurrent problem in ordination studies
Authors: Austin M.P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractContextA historical review of ordination studies is presented with particular reference to the pioneering contributions of the late Prof. I. Noy‐Meir and their continuing relevance.Issues(1) Comparisons of ordination methods are often confounded by differences in the methodological algorithm, dissimilarity measure used and the data standardization employed. (2) Artificial data where ‘truth’ is known offer a means of evaluating ordination approaches but are highly sensitive to the ecological model assumed. (3) Data standardization is frequently used but its influence on ordination is poorly understood and lacks theoretical justification.ReviewHistorically, the above issues have been continually raised since the first use of artificial data by Swan in 1970 to demonstrate the ‘horseshoe distortion’. Three distinct conceptual models have been used to generate artificial data, yet no consensus on their suitability has emerged since they were first used in the mid‐1970s. Comparative studies had, by the late 1980s, shown that some approaches recovered ‘ecological truth’ better than others. Differences between comparative studies in conceptual models, nature of the data matrices used, different dissimilarity measures, ordination algorithms and evaluations methods limited acceptance of this conclusion. Data standardization alters the properties of the vegetation data matrix. Yet little is known regarding the influence on ordination results of the collective vegetation properties stand abundance, dominance or species richness, which are altered by standardization.Recent developmentsKnowledge of the properties of individual dissimilarity measures and ordination algorithms has increased; a few new methods have emerged. Pragmatism of the type ‘this method gives me useful answers so I do not need to use a better method’ is common. Tests of conceptual models are now occurring based on species distribution modelling.ConclusionsA consensus is emerging that non‐metric multidimensional scaling and dissimilarity measures such as the Bray–Curtis coefficient should be used in preference to correspondence analysis methods based on the χ2 dissimilarity measure. Absence of a comprehensive model of vegetation composition is limiting ordination as a method of community analysis. Inconsistencies between different ordination methods and ecological models first recognized in the 1970s remain today.
Preoperative Hair Removal on the Male Genitalia: Clippers vs. Razors
Authors: Grober Ethan D. , Domes Trustin , Fanipour Majid , Copp Julie E. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In an effort to reduce the incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), many hospitals have adopted a strict practice of preoperative hair removal using clippers, as opposed to razors. However, the skin of the male genitalia is delicate, elastic with irregular skin folds and may be ill-suited for clippers.

Aim
To compare shave quality and the degree of skin trauma using two methods of preoperative hair removal on the scrotal skin: clippers vs. razors.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery involving the male genitalia requiring preoperative hair removal were randomized to hair removal using clippers or a razor. Immediately following hair removal, a standardized digital photograph was taken of the male genitalia. All digital photos were evaluated in a blinded fashion by groups of urologic surgeons and surgical nurses using a standardized five-point global rating scale. The incidence of SSIs was monitored.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary outcomes included blinded global ratings of (i) the completeness of the preoperative hair removal within the surgical field and (ii) degree of skin trauma following hair removal. The incidence of SSIs within 3 months of surgery was monitored throughout the study period.

Results
Two hundred fifteen consecutive patients were randomized (107 clipper, 108 razor). Overall, preoperative hair removal on the male genitalia using a razor resulted in significantly less skin trauma (P = 2.5E-10) and a more complete hair removal within the surgical field (P = 0.017) compared with clippers. SSIs were identified in four patients during follow-up (1.8%—two using clippers; two, razors).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that preoperative hair removal on the scrotal skin using a razor results in less skin trauma and improved overall shave quality with no apparent increased risk of SSIs. Based on these findings, surgeons should be permitted their choice of razors or clippers for preoperative preparation of the male genitalia.
Evolution of Structural and Mechanical Properties of TiN Films on SS 304LN
Authors: Polaki ShyamalRao , Ramaseshan Rajagopalan , Jose Feby , Ravi Nukala , Dash Sitaram , Tyagi Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2012

We investigate the effect of orientation and residual stress on mechanical properties of reactive magnetron‐sputtered TiN thin films on SS 304 LN with a function of substrate temperature. All these films are polycrystalline with a preferred orientation (200). Residual stress of these films were calculated by sin2Ψ technique and found to be in the range of −2.6 to −4.5 GPa. The hardness and modulus of these films ranged between 24–29 GPa and 326–388 GPa, respectively. Temperature‐dependent orientation change is clearly observed and this in turn influenced the residual stress. Hardness and modulus of these films exhibited dependence on the orientation and residual stress.
The nature of assembly bias – II. Halo spin
Authors: Lacerna Ivan , Padilla Nelson 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We study an assembly-type bias parametrized by the dimensionless spin parameter that affects massive structures. In numerical simulations, higher spin haloes are more strongly clustered than lower spin haloes of equal mass. We detect a difference of over 30 per cent in the clustering strength for dark matter haloes of 1013–1014h−1 M⊙, which is similar to the result of Bett et al. We explore whether the dependence of clustering strength on halo spin is removed if we apply the redefinition of overdensity peak height proposed by Lacerna & Padilla (Paper I) obtained using assembly ages. We find that this is not the case due to two reasons. First, only a few objects of low virial mass are moved into the mass range where the spin introduces an assembly-type bias after using this redefinition. Secondly, this formalism does not alter the mass of massive objects. In other words, the sample of haloes with redefined mass M in the high-mass regime is practically the same as before the redefinition of peak height, and thus the clustering behaviour is the same. We then repeat the process of finding the redefined peak height of Paper I but using the spin. In this case, the new masses show no spin-related assembly bias but they introduce a previously absent assembly bias with respect to relative age. From this result, we conclude that the assembly-type bias with respect to the halo spin has a different origin from that with respect to the assembly age. The former may be due to the material from filaments, which is accreted by massive haloes, and enhanced in high-density environments, thus causing more extreme spin values without significantly changing the formation age of the halo. In addition, the estimates of the mass of collapsed structures in numerical simulations could be lower than the true mass, even in cluster-size haloes. High-mass objects may correspond, in some cases, to a different peak height from that suggested by their virial mass, providing a possible explanation for the assembly-type bias with respect to the spin.
Combined permeable pavement and photocatalytic titanium dioxide oxidation system for urban run‐off treatment and disinfection
Authors: Tota‐Maharaj Kiran , Scholz Miklas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPermeable pavement systems (PPS) are frequently associated with high removal efficiencies for water quality parameters. Their effluent can, therefore, be recycled, for example, for sprinkling onto gardens. Nevertheless, some stakeholders fear that potentially pathogenic organisms within the treated run‐off could be too high, and therefore they request disinfection before recycling. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to assess the efficiency of a batch flow combined titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ultraviolet (UV) light photocatalytic reactor in removing water‐borne microbial contaminants from the effluent of PPS. Combined TiO2 and UV photocatalytic reaction times between 80 and 100 min were required for the complete removal of Escherichia coli, total coliforms and faecal Streptococci, which had mean initial counts of 1.5 × 107, 4.4 × 106 and 6.9 × 105 colony‐forming units (CFU) per 100 mL, respectively. In comparison, UV disinfection alone resulted in insignificant microbial removal. Suspended TiO2 powder was more effective than small immobilised TiO2 crystals.
Taxonomic revision of the tribeZoraidini (Hemiptera:Fulgoromorpha:Derbidae) fromKorea
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Atikur , Kwon Yong Jung , Suh Sang Jae 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTheKorean planthopper tribeZoraidini is revised taxonomically. Five genera are recognized in theKorean fauna:DiostrombusUhler, 1896,LosbanosiaMuir, 1917,PamendangaDistant, 1906,ShirakianaMetcalf, 1945,ZoraidaKirkaldy, 1900. Among them, the genusShirakianais recorded for the first time in Korea. Nine species, four of which are recognized new toKorea:S. infumata(Matsumura),Z. koannaniaMatsumura,Z. hubeiensisChouetHuang, andZ. kuwayamae(Matsumura). Previous record of one species,Z. pterophoroides(Westwood, 1851), is removed from the list ofKorean fauna because it was erroneously reported, based on a misidentification. All species are described and illustrated, and identification keys to genera and species are provided.
Attention to Culture and Diversity in Psychoanalytic Trainings
Authors: Ciclitira Karen , Foster Nena 
Published: August 2012

abstractEthnically and culturally diverse groups increasingly undertake psychotherapy, but insufficient attention is often paid to aspects of diversity. This article explores qualitative data from a mixed‐method study, conducted at a UK psychoanalytic psychotherapy training institution, in which 24 participants from diverse backgrounds were interviewed individually about their experiences of clinical training. Participants were asked how their ethnicity had impacted on their training, and also how social class, sexual orientation, religion and gender might affect the training experience. The data were analysed thematically, and a principal theme that emerged was the way that psychoanalytical clinical trainings tend, for theoretical reasons, to explore ‘internal’ psychological issues at the expense of ‘external’ material issues such as ethnicity. Similar concerns arose in connection with social class, gender and sexual orientation, with a specific theme being that of trainees feeling silenced and finding it difficult to openly discuss various aspects of diversity.
How Collaborative the Collaboration? Assessing Interagency Collaboration within a Juvenile Court Diversion Program
Authors: Dickerson James G. , Collins‐Camargo Crystal , Martin‐Galijatovic Ramie 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTJuvenile delinquency with co‐occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders has become an increasing problem within the United States. In part this can be attributed to the excessive number of delinquent youth entering the juvenile justice system with untreated substance abuse and/or mental health disorders. In an effort to combat this problem, interagency collaborations have been formed to provide more effective treatment services. One such interagency collaboration is the JETS Program. This study identifies the strengths and limitations of establishing an interagency collaboration within the first year of a juvenile treatment court's inception.
Improving Outcomes for a Juvenile Justice Model Court: A Realist Evaluation
Authors: Kazi Mansoor A.F. , Frounfelker Savra , Bartone Anne , Buchanan Judge Paul G. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Erie County, New York, Juvenile Justice Model Court on court improvement and improved case outcomes for youth and families. A quasi‐experimental design was used within a realist evaluation paradigm, with four independent groups in four years. Court improvement was measured by the number of days between appearance and disposition, and improved case outcomes by the extent to which penetration into the juvenile justice system was reduced. Both outcomes were significantly improved, and it was found that the Model Court intervention was the main predictor for their improvement. Youth with reduced penetration had lower levels of recidivism.
Effects of prolonged treatment with memantine in the MRL model of central nervous system lupus
Authors: Marcinko Katarina , Parsons Tiffany , Lerch Jason P. , Sled John G. , Sakic Boris 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeuropsychiatric manifestations and brain atrophy of unknown etiology are common and severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An autoantibody that binds to N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2 has been proposed as a key factor in the etiology of central nervous system (CNS) SLE. This hypothesis was supported by evidence suggesting memantine (MEM), an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, prevents behavioral dysfunction and brain pathology in healthy mice immunized with a peptide similar to an epitope on the NR2 receptor. Given that SLE is a chronic condition, we examined the effects of MEM in MRL/lpr mice, which develop behavioral deficits alongside SLE‐like disease. A broad behavioral battery and 7‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to examine whether prolonged treatment with MEM (~25 mg/kg bodyweight in drinking water) prevents CNS involvement in this spontaneous model of SLE. Although MEM increased novel object exploration in MRL/lpr mice, it did not show other beneficial, substrain‐specific effects. Conversely, MEM was detrimental to spontaneous activity in control MRL+/+ mice and had a negative effect on body mass gain. Similarly, MRI showed comparable increases in the volume of periventricular structures in MEM‐treated groups. We conclude that sustained exposure to MEM affects body growth, brain morphology and behavior primarily by pharmacological, and not autoimmunity‐dependent, mechanisms. Substrain‐specific improvement in exploratory behavior of MEM‐treated MRL/lpr mice might indicate that the NMDA system is merely a constituent of a complex pathogenic cascade. However, it was evident that chronic administration of MEM is unable to completely prevent the development of a CNS SLE‐like syndrome.
Regular insulin, rather than rapid‐acting insulin, is a suitable choice for premeal bolus insulin in lean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kuroda Akio , Kaneto Hideaki , Kawashima Satoshi , Sakamoto Kenya , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Yasuda Tetsuyuki , Katakami Naoto , Matsuoka Taka‐aki , Shimomura Iichiro , Matsuhisa Munehide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the usefulness of premeal rapid‐acting and regular insulin in type 2 diabetes patients. A total of 56 type 2 diabetic patients were investigated during hospitalization. Premeal rapid‐acting insulin was applied instead of other medications. Premeal insulin was titrated to adjust premeal and bedtime blood glucose levels to 81–120 mg/dL. Premeal rapid‐acting insulin was changed to regular insulin just before a meal at the same dosage if the postmeal blood glucose level was lower than the premeal blood glucose level. A total of 15 patients changed to regular insulin, and 41 patients continued rapid‐acting insulin. The blood glucose level was comparable between these two groups. Body mass index was significantly lower in the patients using regular insulin. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, low body mass index was an independent variable accounting for the usefulness of regular insulin. Regular insulin, rather than rapid‐acting insulin, is a suitable choice for premeal insulin in lean type 2 diabetic patients.
Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots
Authors: Katzmarzyk P. T. , Shen W. , Baxter‐Jones A. , Bell J. D. , Butte N. F. , Demerath E. W. , Gilsanz V. , Goran M. I. , Hirschler V. , Hu H. H. , Maffeis C. , Malina R. M. , Müller M. J. , Pietrobelli A. , Wells J. C. K. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe 2011 Pennington Biomedical Research Center's Scientific Symposium focused on adiposity in children and adolescents. The symposium was attended by 15 speakers and other invited experts. The specific objectives of the symposium were to (i) integrate the latest published and unpublished findings on the laboratory and clinical assessment of depot‐specific adiposity in children and adolescents, (ii) understand the variation in depot‐specific adiposity and related health outcomes associated with age, sex, maturation, ethnicity and other factors and (iii) identify opportunities for incorporating new markers of abdominal obesity into clinical practice guidelines for obesity in children and adolescents. This symposium provided an overview of important new advances in the field and identified directions for future research. The long‐term goal of the symposium is to aid in the early identification of children and adolescents who are at increased health risk because of obesity and obesity‐related conditions.