bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels of circulating anti-muscarinic and anti-adrenergic antibodies and their effect on cardiac arrhythmias and dysautonomia in murine models of Chagas disease
Authors: DALIRY ANISSA , PEREIRA ISABELA RESENDE , PEREIRA-JUNIOR PEDRO PAULO , RAMOS ISALIRA PEROBA , VILAR-PEREIRA GLAUCIA , SILVARES RAQUEL RANGEL , LANNES-VIEIRA JOSELI , CAMPOS DE CARVALHO ANTÔNIO CARLOS 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYAntibodies (Ab) recognizing G-protein coupled receptors, such asβ1andβ2adrenergic (anti-β1-AR and anti-β2-AR, respectively) and muscarinic cholinergic receptors (anti-M2-CR) may contribute to cardiac damage, however their role in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is still controversial. We describe thatTrypanosoma cruzi-infected C3H/He mice show increased P and QRS wave duration, and PR and QTc intervals, while the most significant ECG alterations in C57BL/6 are prolonged P wave and PR interval. Echocardiogram analyses show right ventricle dilation in infected animals of both mouse lineages. Analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) in chronically infected C3H/He mice show no alteration of the evaluated parameters, while C57BL/6 infected mice display significantly lower values of HRV components, suggesting autonomic dysfunction. The time-course analysis of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR Ab titres in C3H/He infected mice indicate that anti-β1-AR Ab are detected only in the chronic phase, while anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR are observed in the acute phase, diminish at 60 dpi and increase again in the chronic phase. Chronically infected C57BL/6 mice presented a significant increase in only anti-M2-CR Ab titres. Furthermore, anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR, exhibit significantly higher prevalence in chronicallyT. cruzi-infected C3H/He mice when compared with C57BL/6. These observations suggest thatT. cruziinfection leads to host-specific cardiac electric alterations.
Design and numerical characterization of a new leg exoskeleton for motion assistance
Authors: Copilusi Cristian , Ceccarelli Marco , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis paper addresses attention to a design for a low-cost exoskeleton with fairly simple construction, lightweight, easy to wear and to adapt to human legs. The design core is focused on a cam-mechanism implementation at the ankle joint level of the leg exoskeleton. The engineering feasibility of the proposed design is characterized by numerical simulations for the design process.
Cooperative secretions facilitate host range expansion in bacteria
Authors: McNally Luke , Viana Mafalda , Brown Sam P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe majority of emergent human pathogens are zoonotic in origin, that is, they can transmit to humans from other animals. Understanding the factors underlying the evolution of pathogen host range is therefore of critical importance in protecting human health. There are two main evolutionary routes to generalism: organisms can tolerate multiple environments or they can modify their environments to forms to which they are adapted. Here we use a combination of theory and a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 191 pathogenic bacterial species to show that bacteria use cooperative secretions that modify their environment to extend their host range and infect multiple host species. Our results suggest that cooperative secretions are key determinants of host range in bacteria, and that monitoring for the acquisition of secreted proteins by horizontal gene transfer can help predict emerging zoonoses.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of a Painful Osteolytic Lumbar Lesion Secondary to Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Sebastian Arjun S. , Adair Marcus J. , Morris Jonathan M. , Khan Mustafa H. , Arndt Carola A. S. , Nassr Ahmad 
Published: August 2014

Study Design Case report. Objective Multifocal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the spine is a rare disorder. We describe a novel, multimodal treatment of a painful osteolytic lumbar lesion secondary to EHE. The minimally invasive treatment results in an excellent patient outcome with decreased morbidity compared to traditional techniques. Methods A previously healthy young adult presented with a painful osteolytic lesion at the L2 vertebrae. Imaging revealed multifocal spinal lesions consistent with a history of EHE. Core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Preoperative cryoablation of L2 was followed by a staged surgery, which included a partial L2 corpectomy, tumor resection, bone grafting, and vertebral reconstruction using a minimally invasive technique. This treatment was followed by prolonged therapy with interferon and bisphosphonate. Results At 3.5 years’ follow-up, the patient has maintained his vertebral body height, has not required a fusion, and has had no recurrence of disease. Conclusion Multimodal treatment consisting of tumor cryoablation, partial corpectomy, allograft reconstruction of the vertebrae, and adjuvant interferon and bisphosphonate can result in good outcomes for well-contained EHE tumors of the spine.
Plasma oxytocin concentrations and
OXTR
polymorphisms predict social impairments in children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Parker Karen J. , Garner Joseph P. , Libove Robin A. , Hyde Shellie A. , Hornbeak Kirsten B. , Carson Dean S. , Liao Chun-Ping , Phillips Jennifer M. , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Hardan Antonio Y. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is critically involved in mammalian social functioning, and initial clinical research suggests that OXT biology may be altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we provide important evidence that blood OXT concentrations are highly heritable within families, yet also strongly predict social functioning in ASD children, their unaffected siblings, and healthy control children. These findings also extend to OXT receptor genotypes which are significantly associated with differences in social functioning independent of disease status. These findings indicate that dysregulated OXT biology is not uniquely associated with ASD social phenotypes as widely theorized, but instead variation in OXT biology contributes to important individual differences in human social functioning, including the severe social impairments which characterize ASD.
Synthesis and scavenging role of furan fatty acids
Authors: Lemke Rachelle A. S. , Peterson Amelia C. , Ziegelhoffer Eva C. , Westphall Michael S. , Tjellström Henrik , Coon Joshua J. , Donohue Timothy J. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Fatty acids comprise a large class of compounds that serve broad roles in cells and society. These hydrophobic compounds provide integrity for biological membranes, make them impermeable to solutes and toxins, and modulate the cellular response to signals or stresses. Fatty acids, or the products derived from them, are also important as dietary supplements, lubricants, specialty chemicals, and fuels. Their potential utility in biology or industry could be increased by producing novel classes of fatty acids. This paper reports on the occurrence and synthesis of a newly discovered class of furan-containing fatty acid. It also provides evidence that furan-containing fatty acids scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species, suggesting a previously unnoticed role for this class of compounds in bacteria and other cells.
Universal mobile electrochemical detector designed for use in resource-limited applications
Authors: Nemiroski Alex , Christodouleas Dionysios C. , Hennek Jonathan W. , Kumar Ashok A. , Maxwell E. Jane , Fernández-Abedul Maria Teresa , Whitesides George M. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The ability to perform electrochemical testing in the field, and in resource-limited environments, and to transmit data automatically to “the cloud” can enable a broad spectrum of analyses useful for personal and public health, clinical analysis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Although the developed world has many options for analysis and web connection, the developing world does not have broad access to either the expensive equipment necessary to perform these tests or the advanced technologies required for network connectivity. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a simple, affordable, handheld device that can perform all the most common electrochemical analyses, and transmit the results of testing to the cloud from any phone, over any network, anywhere in the world.
Different tradeoffs result from alternate genetic adaptations to a common environment
Authors: Rodríguez-Verdugo Alejandra , Carrillo-Cisneros David , González-González Andrea , Gaut Brandon S. , Bennett Albert F. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Tradeoffs are a basic assumption in evolutionary models. Demonstrating their prevalence has been difficult, however. In this work, we used large-scale experimental evolution with bacteria to assess the prevalence of fitness tradeoffs after high-temperature stress adaptation. Combining measurements of phenotypic variation with genome-scale approaches, our work shows that some populations adapt with fitness tradeoffs at low temperatures, whereas others adapt without a measurable tradeoff. The presence or absence of tradeoffs is associated in part with two different adaptive genetic pathways to thermal stress. Overall, our work provides insights into the prevalence of tradeoffs and the underlying genetic complexities that contribute to them.
The PML domain of PML–RARα blocks senescence to promote leukemia
Authors: Korf Katharina , Wodrich Harald , Haschke Alexander , Ocampo Corinne , Harder Lena , Gieseke Friederike , Pollmann Annika , Dierck Kevin , Prall Sebastian , Staege Hannah , Ma Hui , Horstmann Martin A. , Evans Ronald M. , Sternsdorf Thomas 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a model for oncoprotein-targeted therapy because induced degradation of the promyelocytic leukemia protein–retinoic acid receptor (PML–RAR) fusion protein by retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide essentially eradicates the disease. Here we elucidate a previously unidentified feature of the PML domain, demonstrating that inhibition of cellular senescence may be the key to cell proliferation. We find that PML–RARα acts by blocking the ATRX senescence checkpoint, resulting in its well-known immortalization phenotype. This supports the idea that disruption of the PML-associated ATRX/Daxx–H3.3 chaperone complex is a key feature of PML–RAR fusion, directly linking disruption of cellular senescence to the leukemogenic mechanism.
Kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen by α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols, and palm oil and soybean extracts in solution
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Ishikawa Eri , Ouchi Aya , Nagaoka Shin-ichi , Suzuki Tomomi , Izumisawa Katsuhiro , Koike Taisuke 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Measurements of the singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching rates (kQ (S)) and the relative singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) values were performed for 11 antioxidants (AOs) (eight vitamin E homologues (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and -tocotrienols (-Tocs and -Toc-3s)), two vitamin E metabolites (α- and γ-carboxyethyl-6-hydroxychroman), and trolox) in ethanol/chloroform/D2O (50:50:1, v/v/v) and ethanol solutions at 35 °C. Similar measurements were performed for five palm oil extracts 1–5 and one soybean extract 6, which included different concentrations of Tocs, Toc-3s, and carotenoids. Furthermore, the concentrations (wt%) of Tocs, Toc-3s, and carotenoids included in extracts 1–6 were determined. From the results, it has been clarified that the 1O2-quenching rates (kQ (S)) (that is, the relative SOAC value) obtained for extracts 1–6 may be explained as the sum of the product {Σ kQAO-i (S) [AO-i]/100} of the rate constant (kQAO-i (S)) and the concentration ([AO-i]/100) of AO-i (Tocs, Toc-3s, and carotenoid) included.
Putting Electronic Voting under the Microscope
Authors: BIRCH SARAH , COCKSHOTT PAUL , RENAUD KAREN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElectronic voting entered the political arena some years ago, with some countries advocating its use, some countries trialling and then abandoning it and yet others preferring to preserve the status quo of paper‐and‐pencil voting within a voting booth. In this paper we present the pros and cons of electronic voting and propose a set of characteristics we think electronic voting systems should exhibit. We then briefly review some pertinent concerns, issues and worries. We conclude by introducing the Handivote system, an electronic voting system that supports voting by means of SMS messaging, and explain how it measures up in terms of our own specified characteristics.
TR4 and PPARγ activities are differentially modulated by pyriproxyfen
Authors: Choi Hojung , Park Sung‐Soo , Kim Eungseok 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe TR4 orphan receptor (TR4) has been suggested to mediate the effect of pyriproxyfen (PYR), a juvenile hormone (JH) analog, on lipid metabolism in adipocytes. PYR was shown to stimulate activity of TR4 only at a relatively low concentration. Thus, the effect of PYR on the adipocyte biology at higher dosages remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that high concentration (400 μM) of PYR is still able to promote adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 cells. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptional activity is dramatically enhanced at 400 μM PYR, to which TR4 does not respond. In a gel shift assay, TR4 and PPARγ compete with each other for binding to a common binding site, direct repeat 1 (DR1), resulting in mutual reduction of both TR4 and PPARγ DNA binding. However, there is no interaction between TR4 and PPARγ, suggesting that depending on relative availability of TR4 and PPARγ during adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 cells, TR4 or PPARγ may independently mediate the PYR effect on adipogenesis at different concentrations. Together, our data show that PYR has a lipogenic role in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and thus, JH and its related molecules may provide a new preventive and therapeutic approach for diseases linked to lipid metabolism.
Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: An Overview
Authors: Romero Iñaki , Nedios Sotirios , Kriatselis Charalampos 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) has been defined as the new cardiovascular “epidemic”. Its prevalence is rising in developed countries, and the associated social and economic costs are high. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms of AF and its management. New pharmacotherapies together with novel techniques for surgical and catheter treatment of AF have been developed, allowing the maintenance of sinus rhythm and the alleviation of symptoms in a large number of patients with AF. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. This article gives an overview of the current state of the art on novel techniques for diagnosis and management of AF.
A sparse ising model with covariates
Authors: Cheng Jie , Levina Elizaveta , Wang Pei , Zhu Ji 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThere has been a lot of work fitting Ising models to multivariate binary data in order to understand the conditional dependency relationships between the variables. However, additional covariates are frequently recorded together with the binary data, and may influence the dependence relationships. Motivated by such a dataset on genomic instability collected from tumor samples of several types, we propose a sparse covariate dependent Ising model to study both the conditional dependency within the binary data and its relationship with the additional covariates. This results in subject‐specific Ising models, where the subject's covariates influence the strength of association between the genes. As in all exploratory data analysis, interpretability of results is important, and we use penalties to induce sparsity in the fitted graphs and in the number of selected covariates. Two algorithms to fit the model are proposed and compared on a set of simulated data, and asymptotic results are established. The results on the tumor dataset and their biological significance are discussed in detail.
Guanine nucleotide‐binding protein 1 is one of the key molecules contributing to cancer cell radioresistance
Authors: Fukumoto Motoi , Amanuma Tatsuya , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Shimura Tsutomu , Suzuki Masatoshi , Mori Shiro , Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Saito Yohei , Ohkubo Yasuhito , Duan Zhenfeng , Sano Kenji , Oguchi Tomohiro , Kainuma Kazuyuki , Usami Shinichi , Kinoshita Kengo , Lee Inchul , Fukumoto Manabu 
Published: August 2014

Standard fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer consists of daily irradiation of 2‐Gy X‐rays, 5 days a week for 5–8 weeks. To understand the characteristics of radioresistant cancer cells and to develop more effective radiotherapy, we established a series of novel, clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cells that continue to proliferate with 2‐Gy X‐ray exposure every 24 h for more than 30 days in vitro. We studied three human and one murine cell line, and their CRR derivatives. Guanine nucleotide‐binding protein 1 (GBP1) gene expression was higher in all CRR cells than their corresponding parental cells. GBP1 knockdown by siRNA cancelled radioresistance of CRR cells in vitro and in xenotransplanted tumor tissues in nude mice. The clinical relevance of GBP1 was immunohistochemically assessed in 45 cases of head and neck cancer tissues. Patients with GBP1‐positive cancer tended to show poorer response to radiotherapy. We recently reported that low dose long‐term fractionated radiation concentrates cancer stem cells (CSCs). Immunofluorescence staining of GBP1 was stronger in CRR cells than in corresponding parental cells. The frequency of Oct4‐positive CSCs was higher in CRR cells than in parental cells, however, was not as common as GBP1‐positive cells. GBP1‐positive cells were radioresistant, but radioresistant cells were not necessarily CSCs. We concluded that GBP1 overexpression is necessary for the radioresistant phenotype in CRR cells, and that targeting GBP1‐positive cancer cells is a more efficient method in conquering cancer than targeting CSCs.
Footprints of Cardiac Mechanical Activity as Expressed in Lung Doppler Signals
Authors: Palti Yoram , Schatzberger Rachel , Zreik Majd , Solter Emma , Kronzon Itzhak 
Published: August 2014

AimsTo determine the diagnostic information contained in cardiac pulsatile pressure waves as expressed in the Doppler signals recorded over the right lung.Methods and ResultsThe pulsatile characteristics of the pulmonary vascular system were studied by means of the novel pulse Doppler technology in 38 control volunteers, 31 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and 7 patients with atrial flutter. The Doppler velocity waveforms recorded were interpreted in relation to the cardiac cycle mechanical events that generate them: Ventricular systole (S), diastole (D) and presystolic left atrial contraction (A). It was demonstrated that in all cases of AF, wave‐A was absent. With longer diastole a high frequency velocity waves were visible. It is assumed that they represent the atrial mechanical fibrillation. In the patients with atrial flutter, the single A‐wave was replaced by a waveform termed F, the frequency of which exactly matched that of the flutter wave on the ECG. The F‐wave had both a positive and negative component.ConclusionThe lung Doppler signals contain distinct signatures typical of arrhythmias such as AF and atrial flutter that can be used for both diagnosis and to gain insight into the nature of the phenomena.
Pluralising Climate Change and Migration: An Argument in Favour of Open Futures
Authors: Baldwin Andrew 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper contextualises the relation between climate change and human migration using the concepts of neoliberalism, sovereignty and otherness. The paper is intended to provide a general account of climate change and migration research, which seeks to extend understanding of the relation beyond a focus on policy and policy‐relevant research. The argument is that because the relation between climate change and migration is so vast, touching on so many aspects of life, the debate on climate change and migration needs to be pluralised. This is especially the case given the future‐conditional nature of the relation between climate change and migration.
The effects of human keratinocyte coculture on human adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Seo Bommie F , Kim Ki J , Kim Min K , Rhie Jong W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe potential for adipose‐derived stem cells to differentiate into keratinocyte‐like cells has recently been receiving attention, stemming from the hypothesis that a bioengineered skin may be manufactured from these readily available mesenchymal stem cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of human keratinocyte non‐contact coculture on hADSCs. Human epidermal keratinocytes and hADSCs obtained by lipoaspiration were cultured in keratinogenic growth media, which were divided into the following groups: human adipose‐derived stem cell (hADSC) monoculture, non‐contact coculture of hADSCs and human keratinocytes and keratinocyte monoculture. Cell proliferation was assessed, and keratogenicity was analysed through immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction of early, intermediate and late keratogenic markers. hADSCs cocultured with keratinocytes displayed enhanced proliferation compared with the monoculture group. After a 7‐day coculture period, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction findings revealed the presence of specific keratinocyte markers in the coculture group. This study demonstrates that hADSCs cocultured with keratinocytes have the capacity to transdifferentiate into keratinocyte lineage cells, and suggests that adipose tissue may be a source of keratinocytes that may further be used in structuring the bioengineered skin.
Parliaments in the Euro Crisis: Can the Losers of Integration Still Fight Back?
Authors: Auel Katrin , Höing Oliver 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe eurozone crisis challenges the scrutiny systems of national parliaments: many instruments tackling the crisis were established outside the EU legal framework; the crisis management has generally been dominated by European and national executives; and decisions were taken under enormous time pressure. Did national parliaments become involved in scrutiny of the crisis management, and if so, how? And to what extent are their crisis‐related scrutiny activities different from those in other EU affairs? Based on a quantitative data set on formal parliamentary activities in 2010–12, this article shows that the crisis did play an important role with regard to plenary EU debates in many national parliaments. Beyond debates, however, scrutiny of the crisis management has surprisingly been ‘business as usual’ for most parliamentary chambers. This further cements the gap between formally strong and active and formally weak and inactive parliaments.
No Demos? Identities and Public Spheres in the Euro Crisis
Authors: Risse Thomas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article takes issue with the ‘no demos’ thesis about the European Union. Empirically speaking, a ‘demos’ requires a sense of community among the citizens, on the one hand, and a lively public spheres in which political issues are debated, on the other. It is argued in this article, first, that a majority of European citizens has developed dual identities – to their nation‐state and to Europe – and this Europeanization of national identities is sufficient to sustain carefully crafted (re‐)distributive policies on the European level. Second, the euro crisis has strongly increased the politicization of national public spheres and has also led to their growing Europeanization with regard to issue salience and to the actors represented.