bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated calculation and reporting of vancomycin area under the concentration–time curve: a simplified single-trough concentration-based equation approach
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ki , Jeong Tae-Dong , Ji Misuk , Kim Sollip , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin, a crucial antibiotic for Gram-positive bacterial infections, requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Contemporary guidelines advocate for AUC-based monitoring; however, using Bayesian programs for AUC estimation poses challenges. We aimed to develop and evaluate a simplified AUC estimation equation using a steady-state trough concentration (C
trough
) value. Utilizing 1,034 TDM records from 580 general hospitalized patients at a university-affiliated hospital in Ulsan, we created an equation named SSTA that calculates the AUC by applying C
trough
, body weight, and single dose as input variables. External validation included 326 records from 163 patients at a university-affiliated hospital in Seoul (EWUSH) and literature data from 20 patients at a university-affiliated hospital in Bangkok (MUSI). It was compared with other AUC estimation models based on the C
trough
, including a linear regression model (LR), a sophisticated model based on the first-order equation (VancoPK), and a Bayesian model (BSCt). Evaluation metrics, such as median absolute percentage error (MdAPE) and the percentage of observations within ±20% error (P20), were calculated. External validation using the EWUSH data set showed that SSTA, LR, VancoPK, and BSCt had MdAPE values of 6.4, 10.1, 6.6, and 7.5% and P20 values of 87.1, 82.5, 87.7, and 83.4%, respectively. External validation using the MUSI data set showed that SSTA, LR, and VancoPK had MdAPEs of 5.2, 9.4, and 7.2%, and P20 of 95, 90, and 95%, respectively. Owing to its decent AUC prediction performance, simplicity, and convenience for automated calculation and reporting, SSTA could be used as an adjunctive tool for the AUC-based TDM.
Metamorfoses de uma universidade: os estudantes da USP entre 2000 e 2020
Authors: Almeida Ana Maria F. , Serroni Perosa Graziela , Lamana Guilherme , Maia Rafael 
Published: August 2024

Following the end of the authoritarian regime and the increase in elementary and secondaryeducation in the 1990s, there was a rise in demands for broader access to higher education and for public universities to become more inclusive to historically underrepresented groups. This article explores how USP responded to them by discussing the expansion of recruitment and the adoption of affirmative actions and retention policies. Furthermore, we examine the changes in the composition of the student body. Our analysis highlights the gains, contradictions, and asymmetries that have emerged during this university’s recent democratization process.
Pterostilbene improves neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammation after ischaemic stroke via HDAC3/Nrf1-mediated microglial activation
Authors: Chen Yuhua , He Wei , Qiu Junlin , Luo Yangyang , Jiang Chenlong , Zhao Feng , Wei Hong , Meng Jiao , Long Tianlin , Zhang Xin , Yang Lingjian , Xu Quanhua , Wang Juning , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a type of acute brain damage that can lead to a series of serious public health challenges. Demonstrating the molecular mechanism of stroke-related neural cell degeneration could help identify a more efficient treatment for stroke patients. Further elucidation of factors that regulate microglia and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 (Nrf1) may lead to a promising strategy for treating neuroinflammation after ischaemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the possible role of pterostilbene (PTS) in Nrf1 regulation in cell and animal models of ischaemia stroke.

Methods
We administered PTS, ITSA1 (an HDAC activator) and RGFP966 (a selective HDAC3 inhibitor) in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion–reperfusion (MCAO/R) and a model of microglial oxygen‒glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The brain infarct size, neuroinflammation and microglial availability were also determined. Dual-luciferase reporter, Nrf1 protein stability and co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to analyse histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)/Nrf1-regulated Nrf1 in an OGD/R-induced microglial injury model.

Results
We found that PTS decreased HDAC3 expression and activity, increased Nrf1 acetylation in the cell nucleus and inhibited the interaction of Nrf1 with p65 and p65 accumulation, which reduced infarct volume and neuroinflammation (iNOS/Arg1, TNF-α and IL-1β levels) after ischaemic stroke. Furthermore, the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 induced elimination of microglia and attenuated the therapeutic effect of PTS following MCAO/R. In the OGD/R model, PTS relieved OGD/R-induced microglial injury and TNF-α and IL-1β release, which were dependent on Nrf1 acetylation through the upregulation of HDAC3/Nrf1 signalling in microglia. However, the K105R or/and K139R mutants of Nrf1 counteracted the impact of PTS in the OGD/R-induced microglial injury model, which indicates that PTS treatment might be a promising strategy for ischaemia stroke therapy.

Conclusion
The HDAC3/Nrf1 pathway regulates the stability and function of Nrf1 in microglial activation and neuroinflammation, which may depend on the acetylation of the lysine 105 and 139 residues in Nrf1. This mechanism was first identified as a potential regulatory mechanism of PTS-based neuroprotection in our research, which may provide new insight into further translational applications of natural products such as PTS.
Sticking together: independent evolution of biofilm formation in different species of staphylococci has occurred multiple times via different pathways
Authors: Crossman Lisa , Sims Leanne , Dean Rachael , Felgate Heather , Calvo Teresa Diaz , Hill Claire , McNamara Iain , Webber Mark A. , Wain John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Staphylococci cause a wide range of infections, including implant-associated infections which are difficult to treat due to the presence of biofilms. Whilst some proteins involved in biofilm formation are known, the differences in biofilm production between staphylococcal species remains understudied. Currently biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus is better understood than other members of the genus as more research has focused on this species.

Results
We assembled a panel of 385 non-aureus Staphylococcus isolates of 19 species from a combination of clinical sources and reference strains. We used a high-throughput crystal violet assay to assess the biofilm forming ability of all strains and assign distinct biofilm formation categories. We compared the prevalence of Pfam domains between the categories and used machine learning to identify amino acid 20-mers linked to biofilm formation.
This identified some domains within proteins already linked to biofilm formation and important domains not previously linked to biofilm formation in staphylococci. RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of selected genes predicted to encode important domains within biofilms in Staphylococcus epidermidis.
The prevalence and distribution of biofilm associated domains showed a link to phylogeny, suggesting different Staphylococcus species have independently evolved different mechanisms of biofilm production.

Conclusions
This work has identified different routes to biofilm formation in diverse species of Staphylococcus and suggests independent evolution of biofilm has occurred multiple times across the genus. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in any given species is likely to require detailed study of relevant strains and the ability to generalise across the genus may be limited.
Differential effects of everyday-life social support on chronic pain
Authors: Weiß Martin , Jachnik Annalena , Lampe Emilia C. , Gründahl Marthe , Harnik Michael , Sommer Claudia , Rittner Heike L. , Hein Grit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Social support is a multidimensional construct encompassing emotional support as well as pain-focused care and attention, also known as solicitous support. One the one hand, social support is widely believed to positively influence pain symptoms, their intensity, and the ability to cope and influence pain. On the other hand, social support can be negative if it conflicts with the patient’s needs or even causes discomfort. How different types of social support influence pain is not very well understood especially because most of the present research originates from laboratory studies, raising uncertainties about its generalizability to the everyday life of individuals with chronic pain.

Methods
Here, we tested the effects of emotional, solicitous, and negative social support on pain intensity cross-sectionally in everyday life. We collected data from 20 patients with acute complex regional pain syndrome using a smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment with up to 30 survey prompts over a period of five consecutive days.

Results
Our results showed that solicitous social support decreased pain, in particular in male patients. Emotional support was beneficial on pain in women but not in men.

Conclusions
Taken together, these findings highlight the differential effects of social support in every-day life on chronic pain.
Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 incidence and deaths: cross-national natural experiment in 32 European countries
Authors: Costa Diogo , Rohleder Sven , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been the cornerstone of COVID-19 pandemic control, but evidence on their effectiveness varies according to the methods and approaches taken to empirical analysis.
We analysed the impact of NPIs on incident SARS-CoV-2 across 32 European countries (March-December 2020) using two NPI trackers: the Corona Virus Pandemic Policy Monitor – COV-PPM, and the Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker – OxCGRT.

Methods
NPIs were summarized through principal component analysis into three sets, stratified by two waves (C1-C3, weeks 5–25, and C4-C6, weeks 35–52). Longitudinal, multi-level mixed-effects negative binomial regression models were fitted to estimate incidence rate ratios for cases and deaths considering different time-lags and reverse causation (i.e. changing incidence causing NPIs), stratified by waves and geographical regions (Western, Eastern, Northern, Southern, Others).

Results
During the first wave, restrictions on movement/mobility, public transport, public events, and public spaces (C1) and healthcare system improvements, border closures and restrictions to public institutions (C2) were associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 incidence after 28 and 35-days. Mask policies (C3) were associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 incidence (except after 35-days). During wave 1, C1 and C2 were associated with a decrease in deaths after 49-days and C3 after 21, 28 and 35-days. During wave 2, restrictions on movement/mobility, public transport and healthcare system improvements (C5) were also associated with a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths across all countries.

Conclusion
In the absence of pre-existing immunity, vaccines or treatment options, our results suggest that the observed implementation of different categories of NPIs, showed varied associations with SARS-CoV-2 incidence and deaths across regions, and varied associations across waves. These relationships were consistent across components of NPIs derived from two policy trackers (CoV-PPM and OxCGRT).
ALLin4IPE- an international research study on interprofessional health professions education: a protocol for an ethnographic multiple-case study of practice architectures in sites of students’ interprofessional clinical placements across four universities
Authors: Lindh Falk Annika , Abrandt Dahlgren Madeleine , Dahlberg Johanna , Norbye Bente , Iversen Anita , Mansfield Kylie J. , McKinlay Eileen , Morgan Sonya , Myers Julia , Gulliver Linda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The global discourse on future health care emphasises that learning to collaborate across professions is crucial to assure patient safety and meet the changing demands of health care. The research on interprofessional education (IPE) is diverse but with gaps in curricula design and how IPE is enacted in practice.

Purpose and aims
This research project will identify. 1) how IPE in clinical placements emerges, evolves, and is enacted by students when embedded in local health care practices, 2) factors critical for the design of IPE for students at clinical placements across the four countries.

Methods
A study involving four countries (Sweden, Norway, Australia and New Zealand) using the theory of practice architectures will be undertaken between 2023 and 2027. The project is designed as an international, collaborative multiple-case ethnographic study, using the theoretical framework of practice architectures (TPA). It will include four ethnographic case studies of IPE, one in each country. Data will be collected in the following sequence: (1) participant observation of students during interprofessional placements, (2) interviews with students at clinical placement and stakeholders/professionals, (3) Non-clinical documents may be used to support the analysis, and collection of photos may be use as memory aids for documenting context. An analysis of “sayings, doings and relatings” will address features of the cultural- discursive, material-economic, social-political elements making up the three key dimensions of TPA. Each of the four international cases will be analysed separately. A cross case analysis will be undertaken to establish common learning and critical IPE design elements across the four collaborating universities.

Discussion
The use of TPA framework and methodology in the analysis of data will make it possible to identify comparable dimensions across the four research sites, enabling core questions to be addressed critical for the design of IPE. The ethnographic field studies will generate detailed descriptions that take account of country-specific cultural and practice contexts. The study will also generate new knowledge as to how IPE can be collaboratively researched.
Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Tongtong , He Yusa , Wang Nan , Feng Chengwu , Zhou Puchen , Qi Ye , Wang Zhengyuan , Lin Xiaojun , Mao Dou , Sun Zhuo , Sheng Aili , Su Yang , Shen Liping , Li Fengchang , Cui Xueying , Yuan Changzheng , Wang Liang , Zang Jiajie , Zong Geng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Existing data on maternal dietary patterns and birth weight remains limited and inconsistent, especially in non-Western populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and birth weight among a cohort of Chinese.

Methods
In this study, 4,184 mother-child pairs were included from the Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort. Maternal diet during pregnancy was evaluated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 69 food items. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Information on birth weight and gestational age was obtained through medical records. Adverse outcomes of birth weight were defined according to standard clinical cutoffs, including low birth weight, macrosomia, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age.

Results
Three maternal dietary patterns were identified: plant-based, animal-based, and processed food and beverage dietary patterns, which explained 23.7% variance in the diet. In the multivariate-adjusted model, women with higher adherence to the plant-based dietary patten had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia (middle tertile vs. low tertile: odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.10; high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.34; P-trend = 0.039). For individual food groups, potato intake showed positive association with macrosomia (high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.20–2.47; P-trend = 0.002). Excluding potatoes from the plant-based dietary pattern attenuated its association with macrosomia risk. No significant associations was observed for the animal-based or processed food and beverage dietary pattern with birth weight outcomes.

Conclusions
Adherence to a plant-based diet high in carbohydrate intake was associated with higher macrosomia risk among Chinese women. Future studies are required to replicate these findings and explore the potential mechanisms involved.
Facilitators and barriers to monitoring and evaluation at syringe service programs
Authors: Healy Elise , Means Arianna Rubin , Knudtson Kelly , Frank Noah , Juarez Alexa , Prohaska Stephanie , McKnight Courtney , Des Jarlais Don , Asher Alice , Glick Sara N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide harm reduction supplies and services to people who use drugs and are often required by funders or partners to collect data from program participants. SSPs can use these data during monitoring and evaluation (M&E) to inform programmatic decision making, however little is known about facilitators and barriers to collecting and using data at SSPs.

Methods
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted 12 key informant interviews with SSP staff to describe the overall landscape of data systems at SSPs, understand facilitators and barriers to data collection and use at SSPs, and generate recommendations for best practices for data collection at SSPs. We used 30 CFIR constructs to develop individual interview guides, guide data analysis, and interpret study findings.

Results
Four main themes emerged from our analysis: SSP M&E systems are primarily designed to be responsive to perceived SSP client needs and preferences; SSP staffing capacity influences the likelihood of modifying M&E systems; external funding frequently forces changes to M&E systems; and strong M&E systems are often a necessary precursor for accessing funding.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that SSPs are not resistant to data collection and M&E, but face substantial barriers to implementation, including lack of funding and disjointed data reporting requirements. There is a need to expand M&E-focused funding opportunities, harmonize quantitative indicators collected across funders, and minimize data collection to essential data points for SSPs.
Elevated expression of Aurora-A/AURKA in breast cancer associates with younger age and aggressive features
Authors: Ingebriktsen L. M. , Humlevik R. O. C. , Svanøe A. A. , Sæle A. K. M. , Winge I. , Toska K. , Kalvenes M. B. , Davidsen B. , Heie A. , Knutsvik G. , Askeland C. , Stefansson I. M. , Hoivik E. A. , Akslen L. A. , Wik E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is reported to be overexpressed in breast cancer. In addition to its role in regulating cell cycle and mitosis, studies have reported AURKA involvements in oncogenic signaling in suppressing BRCA1 and BRCA2. We aimed to characterize AURKA protein and mRNA expression in a breast cancer cohort of the young, investigating its relation to clinico-pathologic features and survival, and exploring age-related AURKA-associated biological processes.

Methods
Aurora kinase A immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of primary tumors from an in-house breast cancer cohort (n = 355) with information on clinico-pathologic data, molecular markers, and long and complete follow-up. A subset of the in-house cohort (n = 127) was studied by the NanoString Breast Cancer 360 expression panel for exploration of mRNA expression. METABRIC cohorts < 50 years at breast cancer diagnosis (n = 368) were investigated for differentially expressed genes and enriched gene sets in AURKA mRNA high tumors stratified by age. Differentially expressed genes and gene sets were investigated using network analyses and g:Profiler.

Results
High Aurora kinase A protein expression associated with aggressive clinico-pathologic features, a basal-like subtype, and high risk of recurrence score. These patterns were confirmed using mRNA data. High AURKA gene expression demonstrated independent prognostic value when adjusted for traditional clinico-pathologic features and molecular subtypes. Notably, high AURKA expression significantly associated with reduced disease-specific survival within patients below 50 years, also within the luminal A subtype. Tumors of high AURKA expression showed gene expression patterns reflecting increased DNA damage activation and higher BRCAness score.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate higher AURKA expression in young breast cancer, and associations between high Aurora-A/AURKA and aggressive tumor features, including higher tumor cell proliferation, and shorter survival, in the young. Our findings point to AURKA as a marker for increased DNA damage and DNA repair deficiency and suggest AURKA as a biomarker of clinical relevance in young breast cancer.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community intervention in enhancing access to care and improving clinical outcomes for depression: a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial in India
Authors: Nadkarni Abhijit , Gandhi Yashi , Fernandes Luanna , Mirchandani Kedar , Kamat Shreyas , Weiss Helen A. , Singla Daisy R. , Velleman Richard , Lu Chunling , Bhatia Urvita , Biswal Bijayalaxmi , Sequeira Miriam , D’souza Ethel , Raikar Kedar , Patel Vikram 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, treatment coverage for the condition is inadequate. Supply-side barriers (e.g. shortage of specialist mental health professionals) and demand-side barriers (e.g. lack of awareness about depression) lead to limited availability of evidence-based interventions, poor demand for care, and low levels of adherence to care. The aim of our study is to examine if the addition of a community intervention delivered by community volunteers enhances the population-level impact of an evidence based psychosocial intervention (Healthy Activity Program [HAP]) in routine primary care by increasing demand for HAP and improving HAP adherence and effectiveness.MethodsA hybrid type 2 effectiveness implementation cluster randomised controlled trial will be implemented in the state of Goa, India. Twenty-eight clusters of villages and their associated public sector health centres will be randomly allocated through restricted randomisation. Clusters will be randomly allocated to the ‘Community Model’ or ‘Facility Model’ arms. All clusters will offer the HAP and clusters in the ‘Community Model’ arm will additionally receive activities delivered by community volunteers (“Sangathis”) to increase awareness about depression and support demand for and adherence to HAP. The primary outcomes are Contact Coverage (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score > 4 as a proportion of those screened) and Effectiveness Coverage (mean PHQ-9 score amongst those who score ≥ 15 at baseline, i.e. those who have moderately severe to severe depression) at 3 months post-recruitment. Additional outcomes at 3 and 6 months will assess sustained effectiveness, remission, response to treatment, depression awareness, social support, treatment completion, and activation levels. Economic and disability outcomes will be assessed to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Implementation will be evaluated through process data and qualitative data informed by the RE-AIM framework. A minimum of 79488 primary care attenders will be screened for the Contact Coverage outcome, and 588 individuals with PHQ-9 ≥ 15 will be recruited for the Effectiveness Coverage outcome.DiscussionIf effective, our community intervention will have relevance to India’s Ayushman Bharat universal healthcare programme which is scaling up care for depression in primary care, and also to other low- and middle- income countries.Trial registrationRegistered on ClincalTrials.gov (NCT05890222.) on 12/05/2023.