bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating a water maser face-on jet from a high mass young stellar object
Authors: Motogi Kazuhito , Sorai Kazuo , Honma Mareki , Hirota Tomoya , Hachisuka Kazuya , Niinuma Kotaro , Sugiyama Koichiro , Yonekura Yoshinori , Fujisawa Kenta 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We report on long-term single-dish and VLBI monitoring for intermittent flare activities of a dominant blue-shifted H2O maser associated with a southern high mass young stellar object, G353.273+0.641. Bi-weekly single-dish monitoring using the Hokkaido University Tomakomai 11 m radio telescope has shown that a systematic acceleration continues over four years beyond the lifetime of individual maser features. This fact suggests that the H2O maser traces a region where molecular gas is steadily accelerated. There were five maser flares during the five years of monitoring, and maser distributions in four of them were densely monitored by VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The overall distribution of the maser features suggests the presence of a bipolar jet, with the 3D kinematics indicating that it is almost face-on (inclination angle of ∼ 8°–17° from the line of sight). Most maser features were recurrently excited within a region of 100×100 au2 around the radio continuum peak, while their spatial distributions significantly varied between each flare. This confirms that episodic propagations of outflow shocks recurrently invoke intermittent flare activities. We also measured annual parallax, deriving a source distance of 1.70$^{+0.19}_{-0.16}$ kpc that is consistent with the commonly used photometric distance.
Leaving the cocoon: university course design and delivery vis-a-vis competitive strategy
Authors: Gould Anthony Morven , Power Thomas Michael 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This article aims to ask how Michael Porter’s seminal notions of generic competitive strategy may be applied to an emerging university industry where course design and delivery is conceived of as able to be undertaken using distinctive modes.Design/methodology/approach– The study is principally a polemic piece. However, its method is to view course delivery modes as generic strategies and overlay these on Porter’s strategy grid. Each mode of course delivery is viewed as a strategy because it is associated with a rationale that can be reconciled with the axes of advantage that Porter has defined. These axes are “kind of benefit” and “target market”.Findings– The study finds four generic methods of tertiary course delivery. These can be placed – largely without ambiguity – on Porter’s grid.Research limitations/implications– Further research may recreate findings using methods that draw on more data; possibly, survey evidence or multiple interviews, etc.Practical implications– The work has implications for university administrators and strategic planners within the tertiary sector. It connects sector-specific planning with theory and research about Porter’s generic strategies.Social implications– The article has public policy implications. It offers a portrait of how public-sector education is likely to look in a deregulated context. It offers implicit advice of securing competitive advantage for individual institutions.Originality/value– The article undertakes an exercise that has not been done before. The theory used for interpretation purposes is likely to be unfamiliar to those interested in planning within the tertiary sector (particularly, the public sector), although care is taken to justify new application of the theory.
First trimester maternal serum biochemical markers of aneuploidy in pregnancies with abnormally invasive placentation
Authors: Thompson O , Otigbah C , Nnochiri A , Sumithran E , Spencer K 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo examine whether differences exist in routine first trimester maternal serum screening analyte measurements between normal pregnancies, placenta praevia and abnormally invasive placentation (AIP).DesignMultidisciplinary audit.SettingAssociated university teaching hospital with 9000 annual deliveries.PopulationFive hundred and sixteen pregnancies in total, including 344 normal controls, 17 with AIP and 155 placenta praevia cases.MethodsComparison of maternal serum free βhCG and PAPP‐A MoMs distribution in pregnancies with abnormally invasive placentation, placenta praevia and normal controls, after correcting for known confounding factors between October 2005 and September 2013. Data from a previously published first trimester AIP and biochemistry study were combined with our study data and compared in the above way to complete the analysis.Main outcome measuresDifferences in first trimester maternal serum PAPP‐A and free βhCG in AIP, placenta praevia, and normal pregnancies.ResultsMedian free βhCG MoM in the control group was 1.04, and 1.08 (P = 0.859) in the placenta praevia group compared with 0.81 in the AIP group (P = 0.06). Median PAPP‐A MoM was 1.01 in the control group and 1.05 (P = 0.83) in praevia, compared with 1.22 in AIP cases (0.16). The combined AIP dataset gave an overall PAPP‐A median MoM of 1.40, and free βhCG of 0.85. Both markers showed a significantly different distribution from controls (PAPP‐A P = 0.002 and free βhCG P = 0.031).ConclusionsThere may be differences between first trimester maternal serum biochemical markers between normal pregnancies and those complicated by abnormally invasive placentation. If upheld, this may provide useful information for the early identification of abnormally invasive placentation. More studies are required.
Does the response to induction chemotherapy impact the timing of thoracic radiotherapy for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer?
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Weishuai , Zhao Lujun , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether the response to induction chemotherapy (IC) would impact the timing of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC).MethodsA total of 146 patients with LS‐SCLC who had received two to six cycles of IC followed by TRT from January 2009 to December 2011 at our hospital were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the time TRT was administered: early TRT (administered after 2–3 cycles of chemotherapy) or late TRT (administered after 4–6 cycles). Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent factors affecting survival.ResultsThe median OS for patients who received early TRT and late TRT was 29.0 and 19.9 months, respectively, (P = 0.018) and the median PFS was 18.5 and 13.8 months, respectively (P = 0.049). In patients who achieved complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) after two to three cycles of IC, the median OS was 36.1 and 22.5 months in the early and late TRT subgroups, respectively (P = 0.009); the corresponding median PFS was 20.2 and 13.8 months, respectively (P = 0.038). In the patients who did not achieve CR or PR, no statistic difference was found in OS or PFS between the two subgroups.ConclusionPatients who received early TRT had more favorable outcomes than those who received late TRT. Patients who achieved CR or PR after two to three cycles of IC obtained more benefit from early TRT.
Distribution of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 and Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Auditory Ganglion and Cochlear Nuclei of Pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Karim M. R. , Atoji Y. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryGlutamate is a principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system. Our previous studies revealed localization of glutamate receptor mRNAs in the pigeon cochlear nuclei, suggesting the existence of glutamatergic input from the auditory nerve to the brainstem. This study demonstrated localization of mRNAs for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA, kainate and NMDA) in the auditory ganglion (AG) and cochlear nuclei (magnocellular, angular and laminar nuclei). VGluT2 mRNA was intensely expressed in AG and intensely or moderately in the cochlear nuclei. The AG and cochlear nuclei showed intense‐to‐moderate mRNA signals for GluA2, GluA3, GluA4, GluK4 and GluN1. These results suggest that the pigeon AG neurons receives glutamatergic input from hair cells and in turn projects to the magnocellular and angular nuclei. Glutamate may play a pivotal role in the excitatory synapse transmission in the peripheral auditory pathway of birds.
Improving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations: Development and evaluation of an intervention to reduce movement in scanners and facilitate scan completion
Authors: Powell Rachael , Ahmad Mahadir , Gilbert Fiona J. , Brian David , Johnston Marie 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe movement of patients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners results in motion artefacts which impair image quality. Non‐completion of scans leads to delay in diagnosis and increased costs. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an intervention to enable patients to stay still inMRIscanners (reducing motion artefacts) and to enhance scan completion. Successful scan outcome was deemed to be completing the scan with no motion artefacts.Design and methodsPrevious research indicated self‐efficacy to predict successful scan outcome, and interviews with patients identified a need for procedural and sensory information to facilitate successful scan behaviour. ADVDintervention was developed which targeted self‐efficacy and included procedural and sensory information. It was successfully piloted with 10 patients and then evaluated in a randomized controlled trial compared with the standard hospital information leaflet (intervention groupN = 41; control groupN = 42). The clinic radiographer, who was blind to group allocation, ratedMRIscans for motion artefact and recorded whether the participant completed the scan; participants completedMRIself‐efficacy and anxiety measures.ResultsOnly one participant reported not finding theDVDuseful. Thirty‐five participants in the intervention group and 23 in the control group completed scans and had no motion artefacts, χ2(1, 83) = 7.84,p < .001 (relative risk of an unsatisfactory outcome in the control group/intervention group = 3.09). The intervention effect was mediated by self‐efficacy.ConclusionsTheDVDintervention was efficacious and warrants further research to examine generalizability.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Motion artefacts and scan incompletion result in repeat scans, delay in diagnosis, and increased health care costs.Self‐efficacy predicts successful scan behaviour (completion of the scan without motion artefact).What does this study add?The development of a theory‐ and evidence‐based intervention targeting self‐efficacy is described.The intervention was acceptable and efficacious in improving scan behaviour.The intervention has potential to be routinely implemented; it is easy to administer and low in cost.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)
Authors: Moon J.H. , Lim S. , Han J.W. , Kim K.M. , Choi S.H. , Kim K.W. , Jang H.C. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe association of low vitamin D status with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a preclinical condition that can lead to dementia, has not yet been fully explored. Our aim was to investigate the association between vitamin D status and the future risk of MCI and dementia in older adults.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a population‐based prospective study as a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Four hundred and twelve elderly participants who completed evaluations of cognitive function and metabolic parameters in 2005–2006 and 2010–2011 were analysed.Major outcome measureThe rate of development of MCI or dementia during the study period was compared according to baseline vitamin D status. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate any independent association between vitamin D status and the risks of MCI or dementia.ResultsAmong 405 subjects that remained after excluding seven demented subjects at baseline, 338 subjects remained unchanged or improved in their diagnosis for cognitive function during the study period, whereas 67 subjects showed progression to MCI or dementia. When analyzing 236 subjects whose baseline mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores were <27, severe vitamin D deficiency at baseline, defined as <25 nmol/l, was independently associated with the progression of cognitive impairment. Among 297 subjects who were normal at baseline, 50 acquired MCI and 247 remained normal. Severe vitamin D deficiency was also independently associated with the development of MCI when analyzing 145 subjects whose baseline MMSE scores were <27.ConclusionSevere vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with the future risk of MCI as well as dementia, especially in older adults whose baseline MMSE scores had decreased only modestly.
Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions
Authors: Wang Houshuai , Wahlberg Niklas , Holloway Jeremy D. , Bergsten Johannes , Fan Xiaoling , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Wen Lijun , Wang Min , Nylin Sӧren 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo understand the evolutionary history of Lymantriinae and test the present higher‐level classification, we performed the first broad‐scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily, based on 154 exemplars representing all recognized tribes and drawn from all major biogeographical regions. We used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA) and six nuclear genes (elongation factor‐1α, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein, ribosomal protein S5, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and wingless). Data matrices (in total 5424 bp) were analysed by parsimony and model‐based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Based on the results of the analyses, we present a new phylogenetic classification for Lymantriinae composed of seven well‐supported tribes, two of which are proposed here as new: Arctornithini, Leucomini, Lymantriini, Orgyiini, Nygmiini, Daplasini trib. nov. and Locharnini trib. nov. We discuss the internal structure of each of these tribes and address some of the more complex problems with the genus‐level classification, particularly within Orgyiini and Nygmiini.
Who Drives Corporate Restructuring? Co‐Existing Owners in French Firms
Authors: Kavadis Nikolaos , Castañer Xavier 
Published: February 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study aims to explain who drives corporate restructuring, after a period of important corporate governance changes in France, and where the respective role of Anglo‐American institutional investors and domestic family owners have been the object of debate.Research Findings/InsightsUsing extensive longitudinal data from French publicly‐listed firms during the 2000–2007 period, we find that domestic family ownership is positively related to restructuring. This effect is magnified under conditions of high Anglo‐American institutional investor ownership and poor firm performance. We also find that restructuring improves subsequent firm performance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe contribute to corporate governance research on family firms with a contingent framework about the relative influence of different types of owners with supposedly different value systems and preferences on restructuring. Domestic family owners, even from a country where shareholder value maximization is not historically preeminent, promote restructuring. In contrast, the influence of Anglo‐American institutional investors is indirect: the more they are present in the firm's capital, the more French family owners will further support restructuring, as a means to preserve their socio‐emotional wealth. Anglo‐American institutional investor influence on French family owners is further accentuated under conditions of poor firm performance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsPractitioners and, in particular, (potential and current) owners can use our findings to reflect on the implications for corporate decisions of the relative presence of different owners coming from different institutional environments and thus with potentially different objectives. Our results may also be informative to policy makers to further enhance effective regulation.
Preemptive Genotyping of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 Allelic Variants Involved in NSAIDs Metabolism for Sickle Cell Disease Pain Management
Authors: Jaja Cheedy , Bowman Latanya , Wells Leigh , Patel Niren , Xu Hongyan , Lyon Matt , Kutlar Abdullah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInterindividual variability in analgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs prescribed for sickle cell disease (SCD) pain is attributed to polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 enzymes. We described CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genotype/phenotype profiles and frequency of emergency department (ED) visits for pain management in an African American SCD patient cohort. DNA from 165 unrelated patients was genotyped for seven CYP2C8 and 15 CYP2C9 alleles using the iPLEX ADME PGx multiplexed panel. CYP2C8*1 (0.806),*2 (0.164), *3 (0.018), and *4 (0.012) alleles were identified. Genotype frequencies were distributed as homozygous wild type (66.7%), heterozygous (27.8%), and homozygous variant/compound heterozygous (5.4%), respectively. CYP2C9*1 (0.824), *2 (0.027), *3 (0.012), *5 (0.009), *6 (0.009), *8 (0.042), *9 (0.061), and *11(0.015) were observed with extensive (68.5%), intermediate (18.1%) and poor predicted metabolizers (0.6%), respectively. Fifty‐two and 55 subjects, respectively had at least one variant CYP2C8 or CYP2C9 allele. Although the distribution of the CYP2C9 (p = 0.0515) phenotypes was marginally significantly in high and low ED users; some CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 allelic combinations observed in 15.2% (25) of the cohort are associated with higher risks for analgesic failure. CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 preemptive genotyping could potentially enable clinicians to identify patients with impaired metabolic phenotypes.
Soil carbon dynamics following land‐use change varied with temperature and precipitation gradients: evidence from stable isotopes
Authors: Zhang Kerong , Dang Haishan , Zhang Quanfa , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKnowledge of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics following deforestation or reforestation is essential for evaluating carbon (C) budgets and cycle at regional or global scales. Worldwide land‐use changes involving conversion of vegetation with different photosynthetic pathways (e.g. C3 and C4) offer a unique opportunity to quantify SOM decomposition rate and its response to climatic conditions using stable isotope techniques. We synthesized the results from 131 sites (including 87 deforestation observations and 44 reforestation observations) which were compiled from 36 published papers in the literatures as well as our observations in China's Qinling Mountains. Based on the 13C natural abundance analysis, we evaluated the dynamics of new and old C in top soil (0–20 cm) following land‐use change and analyzed the relationships between soil organic C (SOC) decomposition rates and climatic factors. We found that SOC decomposition rates increased significantly with mean annual temperature and precipitation in the reforestation sites, and they were not related to any climatic factor in deforestation sites. The mean annual temperature explained 56% of variation in SOC decomposition rates by exponential model (y = 0.0014e0.1395x) in the reforestation sites. The proportion of new soil C increased following deforestation and reforestation, whereas the old soil C showed an opposite trend. The proportion of new soil C exceeded the proportion of old soil C after 45.4 years' reforestation and 43.4 years' deforestation, respectively. The rates of new soil C accumulation increased significantly with mean annual precipitation and temperature in the reforestation sites, yet only significantly increased with mean annual precipitation in the deforestation sites. Overall, our study provides evidence that SOC decomposition rates vary with temperature and precipitation, and thereby implies that global warming may accelerate SOM decomposition.
Factors associated with a positive attitude towards receiving cancer information: a population‐based study in Spain
Authors: Sanz‐Barbero Belén , Prieto María Eugenia , Cambas Naiara 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to raise a positive attitude towards cancer information to improve disease prevention and control.ObjectiveTo identify social factors, health characteristics and cancer‐related perceptions and knowledge associated with a positive attitude towards cancer information.DesignWe ran multivariate logistic regression models to analyse population‐based data from OncoBarómetro‐2010, a Spanish representative survey on perceptions and knowledge, related to cancer, conducted among 7938 people aged 18 years or more.MeasurementAttitudes towards cancer information. A positive attitude includes feeling motivated to keep informed, to have screening tests or to change lifestyle. A negative attitude includes feeling indifference, concern, frustration or fear.Results38.3% of the studied population reported having received information related to cancer (within the last 6 months). Among those, 31.5% expressed a negative attitude towards cancer information. People more likely to have a positive attitude towards cancer information (reference category: negative attitude) were people aged 35–74 (ref: aged 18–34) (P < 0.001) and cancer survivors (ref: those who had not had cancer) (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73–5.38). The likelihood of a positive attitude increased with the level of education (P < 0.001). The variables negatively associated with a positive attitude towards cancer information were poor self‐rated health status (ref: fair) (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42–0.95) and high self‐perceived risk of developing cancer (ref: low) (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60–0.92).ConclusionsThese findings have potential to inform programmes designed to promote cancer prevention behaviours. Policies should target population groups with low socio‐economic groups, those with poor self‐rated health and individuals with high self‐perceived risk of cancer. Further, in order to increase knowledge of cancer symptoms, we need to focus on individuals with unhealthy lifestyles.