bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der unwahrscheinliche Sprung eines Protons
Authors: Wild Robert , Wester Roland 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungQuantenmechanisches Tunneln ist ein Effekt, durch den ein Teilchen eine Energiebarriere durchdringen kann, obwohl es nicht genügend Energie besitzt, um diese zu überwinden. So können auch chemische Reaktionen stattfinden oder beschleunigt werden, selbst wenn die in der Reaktion verfügbare Energie nicht ausreichen würde. Auch in kalten interstellaren Wolken gibt es Reaktionen, die erst durch Tunneln ablaufen können. Allerdings ist das Berechnen einer solchen Reaktionsrate generell schwierig und nur bei den einfachsten Reaktionen möglich. In Experimenten bei niedrigen Temperaturen in Ionenfallen wurde die Tunnelreaktion zwischen D– und H2 gemessen. Für diese Protonentransfer‐Reaktion gibt es genaue quantenmechanische Berechnungen. Die Ergebnisse bei hohen H2‐Dichten zeigten einen zuvor unbekannten Effekt der Dynamik in Ionenfallen auf, der für stark erhöhte Reaktionsraten sorgte und mit Simulationen bestätigt wurde. Bei niedrigen H2‐Dichten wurde eine Reaktionskonstante gemessen, die mit den Berechnungen auf Basis der Quantenmechanik übereinstimmt. Sie entspricht einer Reaktionswahrscheinlichkeit von etwa einmal pro 100 Milliarden Kollisionen.
Impact of Free Core Nutation Modeling on the Estimation of Earth Rotation Parameters from Different VLBI Session Types
Authors: Laha Arnab , Böhm Johannes , Böhm Sigrid , Krásná Hana , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Dikshit Onkar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFree Core Nutation (FCN) arises from complex geophysical processes causing misalignment between the mantle and the liquid core, and exhibits a retrograde motion with a period of about 431 days as observed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) as part of the celestial pole offsets (CPO). This study assesses the influence of using an empirical model of FCN on estimating Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) from different types of VLBI sessions, i.e., 24-hour S/X sessions (2001–2022), 24-hour VGOS sessions (2019–2022), and Intensive sessions (2001–2022). To evaluate the impact, a priori values of CPO from the IERS Bulletin A series and the FCN model by Belda et al. (2016) are used, and the estimated polar motion and UT1-UTC values are compared against the IERS 20 C04 EOP solution. The results indicate that the sole application of the empirical FCN model does not degrade the WRMS values but introduces time-dependent systematic differences in ERP. The comparison of S/X and VGOS sessions indicates that ERP estimated using the Belda model in VGOS sessions demonstrate slightly lower WRMS values.
The Danish Municipal CEO: Managing the Local Welfare State
Authors: Hansen Morten Balle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter revisits research from the 1980s and 1990s and analyses the collective profile of the Danish municipal CEO (MCEOs) and its evolution since the 1980s. The analysis shows the embeddedness of the MCEO position in (a) the formal structure of local liberal democracy, (b) the long-term historical trends of public sector expansion, which in the Danish (Nordic) context primarily took place at the local government level, and (c) its associated large, expanding multi-task municipal organizations influenced by (d) national policy priorities and (e) globally diffusing models of governance, such as the new public management (NPM) reform wave of the 1980s. The analysis provides a unique portrait of the changing profile of the MCEOs managing these organizations, which currently employ around 18% of the Danish workforce and 56% of public employees, spend more than 60% of public consumption, and deliver most of the core services of the Danish welfare state. Building on primary and secondary data and previous as well as the most recent research, the chapter provides crucial new knowledge of management and leadership in Danish local government.
The Finnish Municipal CEO: A Strong Professional Leader in a Changing Political Environment
Authors: Sandberg Siv 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe early institutionalization of the municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) in Finnish towns in 1927 has had long-standing repercussions for the power balance between politics and administration in Finnish local government. The tension between a strong appointed MCEO and a weaker political leadership has been a recurring theme in the Finnish debate. One key objective of the 1995 and 2015 reforms of the Local Government Act was to strengthen the role of political leadership vis-à-vis the MCEO. This chapter demonstrates that the position of the MCEO in the local politico–administrative system remains strong, despite the reform efforts and changes in the power relations between the MCEO and politicians.
The Contemporary Norwegian Municipal CEO
Authors: Torjesen Dag Olaf , Torsteinsen Harald , Saxi Hans Petter , Kiland Charlotte , Karlsen Tor-Ivar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of the Norwegian municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) from 1980 to 1992 and 2018, when the position was weakened politically but strengthened administratively. Today, the Norwegian MCEO corresponds to Mouritzen and Svara’s council–manager model, making it one of the most powerful in the Nordic region, second only to the Finish MCEO. Despite multiple significant contextual changes in the last two to three decades, the essential role of the Norwegian MCEO has remained remarkably stable, demonstrated in survey data from 1997 to 2017. Nevertheless, the data also show that the biographical characteristics of the MCEO have undergone considerable change during this period, most notably the increase in the proportion of female MCEOs from 7% to 30%. Further, today’s MCEOs are older and more highly educated, especially in disciplines such as economics, administration, and public management, reflecting the strong emphasis on economic management and performance in Norwegian municipalities. Finally, MCEOs are met with increasing expectations to combine innovation and management, cooperate internally and externally, and govern municipal affairs through complex, hybrid networks.
Most Commonly Used Actuator–Motor
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn energy-saving control, a large number of electric motors are used for load distribution and devices switching. A lot of rotary motions, linear motion or other forms of mechanical motion are mostly driven by motors. It can be said that motors are the most commonly used actuators in the field of electrical engineering and automation. After being connected to a suitable power supply, the motor generates rotary motion, and the linear motor produce linear motion.
Car energy efficiency and emissions in the built environment
Authors: ten Dam Chris Djie , Bahamonde-Birke Francisco J. , Ettema Dick , Kramer Gert Jan , Koning Vinzenz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo mitigate climate change and safeguard energy security, it is necessary to limit car dependence, reduce car weights, and shift to alternative car powertrains. This study therefore looked into the real-world specific energy consumption and $$\hbox {CO}_{{2}}$$

CO
2

emissions of cars in the Netherlands. Next, it analyzed how sociodemographic and built environment variables influence energy-relevant car type choices with a multilevel discrete choice modeling framework. At a first stage, this framework considered the number of cars owned. Conditional on that decision, it simultaneously considered choices between different car fuel types and weight categories. The results showed that small, lower-income households with few male or older members in non-green (urban) environments were more likely to own light (efficient) vehicles. Remote households had a preference for light and diesel vehicles. In contrast, households with private parking tended to own heavy and electric vehicles. Finally, owning multiple cars was correlated with both non-urban living and heavy car preferences. The combined effect was a mild preference for energy efficient vehicles in urban areas. Previous studies that omitted vehicle energy efficiency thus slightly underestimated urban planning’s environmental impact. However, our results indicate that the built environment has a greater effect on travel energy use through the number of cars owned than through car specific energy consumption. The bias in the official vehicle energy data was also much larger than the total influence of the built environment on car specific energy consumption.
Temporal analysis of computational economics: a topic modeling approach
Authors: Mishra Malvika , Vishwakarma Santosh Kumar , Malviya Lokesh , Anjana S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study offers a comprehensive investigation into the thematic evolution within computational economics over the past two decades, leveraging advanced topic modeling techniques. Utilizing latent semantic analysis, latent dirichlet allocation (LDA), and BERTopic models, we discerned the distinctiveness, relevance, and coherence of topics generated. BERTopic emerged superior, capturing more distinct and relevant themes in the field. It is noteworthy that our work offers a broader analysis than previous studies which examined a smaller subset of research with only the LDA algorithm. Through this methodology, we identified and labeled 14 key research themes and visualized their interrelationships and prevalence over time. Notably, general domains like market analysis, equilibrium analysis, and financial modeling maintained substantial representation, while specific areas such as game theory and allocation mechanisms observed increased attention. In contrast, domains like asset pricing and fair division saw a decline in interest. This study provides a systematic organization of the literature, captures shifts in trends, and offers recommendations for future research in computational economics.
Securing a sustainable future: the climate change threat to agriculture, food security, and sustainable development goals
Authors: Saleem Anam , Anwar Sobia , Nawaz Taufiq , Fahad Shah , Saud Shah , Ur Rahman Tanzeel , Khan Muhammad Nasir Rasheed , Nawaz Touqir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate alteration poses a consistent threat to food security and agriculture production system. Agriculture sector encounters severe challenges in achieving the sustainable development goals due to direct and indirect effects inflicted by ongoing climate change. Although many industries are confronting the challenge of climate change, the impact on agricultural industry is huge. Irrational weather changes have raised imminent public concerns, as adequate output and food supplies are under a continuous threat. Food production system is negatively threatened by changing climatic patterns thereby increasing the risk of food poverty. It has led to a concerning state of affairs regarding global eating patterns, particularly in countries where agriculture plays a significant role in their economies and productivity levels. The focus of this review is on deteriorating consequences of climate alteration with the prime emphasis on agriculture sector and how the altering climatic patterns affect food security either directly or indirectly. Climate shifts and the resultant alteration in the temperature ranges have put the survival and validity of many species at risk, which has exaggerated biodiversity loss by progressively fluctuating the ecological structures. The indirect influence of climate variation results in poor quality and higher food costs as well as insufficient systems of food distribution. The concluding segment of the review underscores the emphasis on policy implementation aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, both on a regional and global scale. The data of this study has been gathered from various research organizations, newspapers, policy papers, and other sources to aid readers in understanding the issue. The policy execution has also been analyzed which depicted that government engrossment is indispensable for the long-term progress of nation, because it will guarantee stringent accountability for the tools and regulations previously implemented to create state-of-the-art climate policy. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce or adapt to the effects of climate change because, in order to ensure global survival, addressing this worldwide peril necessitates a collective global commitment to mitigate its dire consequences.
A multitrophic culture system for the production of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Deguara André , Deguara Simeon , Buhagiar Joseph A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGoals number 2, 11 and 12 of the 17 sustainable development goals, enacted by the United Nations as part of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, aim to end hunger as a priority, create sustainable cities and above all encourage responsible consumption and production. With increasing world population and higher demand for food, we need to find ways of producing cheap sources of protein and lipid that may in turn be used as animal or aquaculture feed. A multitrophic system involving mealworm larvae (MWL, Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) was developed to transform fruit and vegetable kitchen waste into usable biomass. MWL, fed mainly on kitchen waste, reached an average prepupal length of 2.4 cm, fresh weight of 0.12 g and dry matter protein and lipid contents of 44.2% and 16.5% respectively, with an average specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.2%/day and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 7.9. Conversely, BSFL fed on a variety of feeds, including MWL frass, kitchen waste and oats, had an average prepupal length of 1.3 cm, fresh weight of 0.16 g and dry matter protein and lipid contents of 41.4% and 26.3% respectively, with an average SGR and FCR of 4.3%/day and 8.9 respectively. The BSFL fed MWL frass obtained some of highest SGR and lowest FCR values, with one group achieving 7.5%/day and 2.9 respectively. This investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of a multi-trophic production system using kitchen waste to feed MWL whose frass was in turn used to feed BSFL thereby producing protein- and lipid-rich biomass that can serve as animal or aquaculture feed.
The role of graft cross-linking during keratoplasty in patients with corneal melting
Authors: Kilian Raphael , Schmidinger Gerald , Lammer Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of corneal crosslinking (CXL) of grafts during keratoplasty (KP) in patients with refractory corneal melting (CM). This is a retrospective case series reporting the clinical outcomes of patients who received a crosslinked corneal graft during penetrating or deep anterior lamellar KP for refractory infectious or sterile CMs. Outcome measures were the recurrence of CM, the time required for epithelial healing following KP, incidence of complications, and necessity for re-transplantation. Twenty eyes of 18 patients with a follow-up of 29.2 ± 15.8 months were included in this study. All but two eyes had undergone previous KPs during the course of their disease (mean 1.9 ± 1.6). After CXL-enhanced KP, three eyes (15%) experienced recurrence of CM, three eyes developed an infectious keratitis and six eyes (30%) required a re-transplantation (three of them within 12 months). The mean time to epithelium closure after CXL-enhanced KP was 63 ± 90 days. The number of postoperative re-transplantations was significantly lower than the number of KPs performed before the CXL-enhanced transplantation (before CXL 1.9 ± 1.6 vs after CXL: 0.3 ± 0.57, p = 0.002). To conclude, CXL of the graft at the time of keratoplasty decreased the need for re-transplantations. However, further studies are needed in order to establish its role in the management of severe CM necessitating therapeutic corneal transplantation.
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for harvest date in sugar beet cultivars
Authors: Hemayati Saeed Sadeghzadeh , Hamdi Farahnaz , Saremirad Ali , Hamze Hamze 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research assessed the quantitative and qualitative reactions of commercially grown sugar beets to four different harvest dates and their yield stability. The study followed a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design over 3 years. The main plot involved 10 sugar beet cultivars, while the subplot involved four harvest dates: August 13 (HD1), September 7 (HD2), October 3 (HD3), and November 12 (HD4). The study found that environmental conditions, genotypes, and harvest dates significantly affected various traits of sugar beet. Yearly environmental variations and their interactions with genotypes and harvest dates had substantial impacts on all measured traits at the 1% probability level. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis based on white sugar yield indicated that genotype and environment's additive effects, as well as the genotype–environment interaction, were significant at 1% probability level. Shokoufa and Arya, which exhibit high white sugar yield (WSY) and low first interaction principal component (IPC1) values, are identified as desirable due to their stability across different environments. Among the harvest dates in different years, the fourth and third dates showed a higher yield than the total average. Perfekta and Ekbatan exhibited high specific adaptability. According to the multi-trait stability index, Arta, Arya and Sina were recognized as stable and superior across all measured traits.
Rare intercostal herniation of abdominal organs in COPD patient managed non-operatively
Authors: Abdelmaged Dalya M , Litton Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nontraumatic intercostal and intrathoracic herniation of intra-abdominal organs is rare and has been sparsely reported in the literature. They are defined as protrusion of intra-abdominal contents through defects in the chest wall. The cases reported in the literature mostly involved herniation of intra-abdominal contents and the lungs through the defect. In this case report, we describe a case of intra-abdominal contents herniation through an intercostal defect with subsequent improvement in patient’s respiratory status related to the hernia.
Investigation of factors affecting the readiness for the adoption of sustainable building materials
Authors: Nguyen Minh Van , Duy Ha Khanh 
Published: July 2024

PurposeAdopting sustainable building materials (SBMs) is one way to reduce the negative environmental impacts of the built environment. However, the adoption of SBMs is not as high as expected. This study aims to investigate which factors affect the adoption of SBMs.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and discussions with professional practitioners formed an initial list of variables affecting readiness to adopt SBMs. A questionnaire survey was designed, and data from industrial practitioners were collected using the snowball sampling method. The data collected from 218 respondents were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique.FindingsThe findings show that SBM adoption is critically influenced by readiness at different levels (market, organization, and employee). Specifically, market readiness enhances organization preparedness (beta = 0.628), and organization readiness positively affects employee readiness (beta = 0.510). Market, organization, and employee readiness positively impact the adoption of SBMs (beta = 0.386, 0.364, and 0.158, respectively). Moreover, the relationship between market and employee readiness is fully mediated by organization readiness (indirect effect = 0.320; p = 0.000). Organization readiness positively mediates the relationship between market readiness and SBM adoption (indirect effect = 0.050; p = 0.001). The relationship between organization readiness and SBM adoption is fully mediated by employee readiness (indirect effect = 0.229; p = 0.000). Additionally, employee readiness positively mediates the relationship between market readiness and SBM adoption through organization readiness (indirect effect = 0.080; p = 0.000).Originality/valueWhile past studies have predominantly focused on human perception, this study recognizes the importance of contextual factors like market conditions, Organization readiness, and employee readiness in shaping the adoption of SBMs. Thus, it fills a notable void in the literature and highlights the need for a broader theoretical framework that incorporates both individual perceptions and external contextual influences.
Antecedents of employee performance through perceived organizational support: a moderating role of job satisfaction among employees of SMEs in an emerging economy
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Sani , Adieza Adams , Arnaut Marina , Nuhu Muhammad Shaheer , Ali Waqas , Lawal Gwadabe Zainab 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to investigate the antecedent of employee performance (EP) through perceived organizational support (POS), as well as the moderating role of job satisfaction (JS) on the connection between POS and EP among employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Northwest Nigeria, using social exchange theory (SET) and organizational support theory (OST).Design/methodology/approachThis research employed a survey design, using SMEs employees in Northwest Nigeria as the research unit of analysis. Purposive sampling was used in this research, with standardized questionnaires used to obtain data from 1750 employees of the targeted SMEs within the region. This study’s hypotheses were tested using partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings of this research stated that POS has a substantial effect on EP, while JS moderates the association between POS and EP.Practical implicationsThe study offers practical insights for SMEs in Northwest Nigeria, aiding in resolving employee issues and providing actionable strategies for management. Understanding the dynamics of perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and employee performance enables proactive measures to improve organizational effectiveness, fostering a positive work environment and enhancing competitive edge.Originality/valueThis study innovates existing literature by exploring how perceived organizational support affects employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in an emerging economy. It introduces PLS-SEM, emphasizing job satisfaction’s pivotal role as a moderator. This provides valuable guidance for SMEs to boost employee performance and formulate effective HR strategies, advancing organizational behavior and management research.
Redeeming marriage? Bittersweet intimacy and the dialectics of liberation among Haredi Jews in London
Authors: Sheldon Ruth , Frosh Stephen , Vyrgioti Marita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article intervenes in feminist anthropological debates about marriage within Western cosmopolitan, ‘post‐traditional’ contexts through a close ethnographic examination of food and ritualized meals among Haredi Jews in London. We focus on this diasporic religious Jewish minority, whose marital practices have been the object of debates over marriage, gender, and cultural difference in cosmopolitan London. Learning from ethnographic and conjugal instances of hunger around Haredi dining tables, we explore the broader question of how heterosexual marriages endure in the face of struggles for intimacy and freedom between different genders. By focusing on what can be learnt about marriage through mealtime rituals with religious significance, we develop a response rooted in a form of Jewish relational ethics that has been repressed within ‘Western’ liberal culture. This approach addresses some tenacious dualisms at play in the anthropology and politics of marriage and articulates a vernacular dialectical grammar of desire, tradition, freedom, and love.