bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel word retention in sequential bilingual children
Authors: KAN PUI FONG 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTChildren's ability to learn and retain new words is fundamental to their vocabulary development. This study examined word retention in children learning a home language (L1) from birth and a second language (L2) in preschool settings. Participants were presented with sixteen novel words in L1 and in L2 and were tested for retention after either a 2-month or a 4-month delay. Results showed that children retained more words in L1 than in L2 for both of the retention interval conditions. In addition, children's word retention was associated with their existing language knowledge and their fast-mapping performance within and across language. The patterns of association, however, were different between L1 and L2. These findings suggest that children's word retention might be related to the interactions of various components that are operating within a dynamic system.
A review of the use of complex systems applied to risk appetite and emerging risks in ERM practice ‐ Abstract of the London discussion
Authors: Cantle Neil 
Published: May 2013

This abstract relates to the following paper:AllanN., CantleN., GodfreyP. and YinY.A review of the use of complex systems applied to risk appetite and emerging risks in ERM practice.British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S135732171200030X
SOME ISOMORPHISMS IN DERIVED FUNCTORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: KHASHYARMANESH K. , KHOSH-AHANG F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, $M$ be a finitely generated $R$-module and $\mathfrak{a}$ be an ideal of $R$ such that $\mathfrak{a}M\not = M$. We show among the other things that, if $c$ is a nonnegative integer such that ${ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{i} (M)= 0$ for all $i\lt c$, then there is an isomorphism $\mathrm{End} ({ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{c} (M))\cong { \mathrm{Ext} }_{R}^{c} ({ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{c} (M), M)$; and if $c$ is a nonnegative integer such that ${ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{i} (M)= 0$ for all $i\not = c$, there are the following isomorphisms:(i) $~\quad{ H}_{\mathfrak{b}}^{i} ({ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{c} (M))\cong { H}_{\mathfrak{b}}^{i+ c} (M)$ and(ii) $\quad{ \mathrm{Ext} }_{R}^{i} (R/ \mathfrak{b}, { H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{c} (M))\cong { \mathrm{Ext} }_{R}^{i+ c} (R/ \mathfrak{b}, M)$for all $i\in { \mathbb{N} }_{0} $ and all ideals $\mathfrak{b}$ of $R$ with $\mathfrak{b}\supseteq \mathfrak{a}$. We also prove that if $\mathfrak{a}$ and $\mathfrak{b}$ are ideals of $R$ with $\mathfrak{b}\supseteq \mathfrak{a}$ and $c: = \mathrm{grade} (\mathfrak{a}, M)$, then there exists a natural homomorphism from $\mathrm{End} ({ H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{c} (M))$ to $\mathrm{End} ({ H}_{\mathfrak{b}}^{c} (M))$, where $\mathrm{grade} (\mathfrak{a}, M)$ is the maximum length of $M$-sequences in $\mathfrak{a}$.
Self-assembly of tholins in environments simulating Titan liquidospheres: implications for formation of primitive coacervates on Titan
Authors: Kawai Jun , Jagota Seema , Kaneko Takeo , Obayashi Yumiko , Yoshimura Yoshitaka , Khare Bishun N. , Deamer David W. , McKay Christopher P. , Kobayashi Kensei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTitan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a thick atmosphere containing nitrogen and methane. A variety of organic compounds have been detected in the atmosphere, most likely produced when atmospheric gases are exposed to ultraviolet light, electrons captured by the magnetosphere of Saturn and cosmic rays. The Cassini/Huygens probe showed that the average temperature on the surface of Titan is 93.7 K, with lakes of liquid ethane and methane. Sub-surface mixtures of liquid ammonia and water may also be present. We have synthesized complex organic compounds (tholins) by exposing a mixture of nitrogen and methane to plasma discharges, and investigated their interactions with several different liquids that simulate Titan's liquidosphere. We found that coacervates formed when tholins were extracted in non-polar solvents followed by exposure to aqueous ammonia solutions. The results suggest that coacervates can self-assemble in Titan's liquidosphere which have the potential to undergo further chemical evolution. Similar processes are likely to occur in the early evolution of habitable planets when tholin-like compounds undergo phase separation into microscopic structures dispersed in a suitable aqueous environment.
Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study
Authors: G. Richels Corrin , Jessica Rogge 
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS.
Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words.
Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence.
Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters
Unilateral Acid Aspiration Augments the Effects of Ventilator Lung Injury in the Contralateral Lung
Authors: Amigoni Maria , Bellani Giacomo , Zambelli Vanessa , Scanziani Margherita , Farina Francesca , Fagnani Lorella , Latini Roberto , Fumagalli Roberto , Pesenti Antonio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background:
Mechanical ventilation is necessary during acute respiratory distress syndrome, but it promotes lung injury because of the excessive stretch applied to the aerated parenchyma. The authors’ hypothesis was that after a regional lung injury, the noxious effect of mechanical ventilation on the remaining aerated parenchyma would be more pronounced.

Methods:
Mice, instilled with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the right lung, was assigned to one of the following groups: mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes (VT) 25 ml/kg (HCl-VILI25, n = 12), or VT 15 ml/kg (HCl-VILI15, n = 9), or spontaneous breathing (HCl-SB, n = 14). Healthy mice were ventilated with VT 25 ml/kg (VILI25, n = 11). Arterial oxygenation, lung compliance, bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cells, albumin, and cytokines concentration were measured.

Results:
After 7 h, oxygenation and lung compliance resulted lower in HCl-VILI25 than in VILI25 (P < 0.05, 210 ± 54 vs. 479 ± 83 mmHg, and 32 ± 3.5 vs. 45 ± 4.1 µl/cm H2O, mean ± SD, respectively). After right lung injury, the left lung of HCl-VILI25 group received a greater fraction of the VT than the VILI25 group, despite an identical global VT. The number of total and polymorphonuclear cells in bronchoalveolar lavage resulted significantly higher in HCl-VILI25, compared with the other groups, in not only the right lung, but also in the left lung. The albumin content in the left lung resulted higher in HCl-VILI25 than in VILI25 (224 ± 85 vs. 33 ± 6 µg/ml; P < 0.05). Cytokines levels did not differ between groups.

Conclusion:
Aggressive mechanical ventilation aggravates the preexisting lung injury, which is noxious for the contralateral, not previously injured lung, possibly because of a regional redistribution of VT.
Diurnal Changes of Polysome Loading Track Sucrose Content in the Rosette of Wild-Type Arabidopsis and the Starchless pgm Mutant
Authors: Pal Sunil Kumar , Liput Magdalena , Piques Maria , Ishihara Hirofumi , Obata Toshihiro , Martins Marina C.M. , Sulpice Ronan , van Dongen Joost T. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Yadav Umesh Prasad , Lunn John E. , Usadel Björn , Stitt Mark 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Growth is driven by newly fixed carbon in the light, but at night it depends on reserves, like starch, that are laid down in the light. Unless plants coordinate their growth with diurnal changes in the carbon supply, they will experience acute carbon starvation during the night. Protein synthesis represents a major component of cellular growth. Polysome loading was investigated during the diurnal cycle, an extended night, and low CO2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Columbia (Col-0) and in the starchless phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant. In Col-0, polysome loading was 60% to 70% in the light, 40% to 45% for much of the night, and less than 20% in an extended night, while in pgm, it fell to less than 25% early in the night. Quantification of ribosomal RNA species using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that polysome loading remained high for much of the night in the cytosol, was strongly light dependent in the plastid, and was always high in mitochondria. The rosette sucrose content correlated with overall and with cytosolic polysome loading. Ribosome abundance did not show significant diurnal changes. However, compared with Col-0, pgm had decreased and increased abundance of plastidic and mitochondrial ribosomes, respectively. Incorporation of label from 13CO2 into protein confirmed that protein synthesis continues at a diminished rate in the dark. Modeling revealed that a decrease in polysome loading at night is required to balance protein synthesis with the availability of carbon from starch breakdown. Costs are also reduced by using amino acids that accumulated in the previous light period. These results uncover a tight coordination of protein synthesis with the momentary supply of carbon.
Influence of moisture on corrosion behaviour of steel ground rods in mildly desertified soil
Authors: Fu Jing , Pei Feng , Zhu Zhiping , Tan Zhenghui , Tian Xu , Mao Rongjun , Wang Leijing 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the influence of moisture on corrosion behaviour of steel ground rods in mildly desertified soil and the mechanism behind it.Design/methodology/approachThe specimens were used for weight loss corrosion experiments and polarization scans were taken at different moisture levels. Specimen surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and using X‐ray diffraction.FindingsThe results indicated that the moisture content of the soil influenced steel corrosion considerably. The maximum corrosion of 20G and Q235 galvanised steels occurred at 10 per cent and 12.5 per cent soil moisture, respectively. The corrosion products of 20G steel were mostly Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, whereas that of Q235 galvanised steel was Zn5(OH)8Cl2 · H2O.Originality/valueThe paper provides information regarding the relationship between moisture and corrosion of steel ground rods, which is useful for understanding the mechanism of soil corrosion. The research results can provide theoretical guidelines for preventing the corrosion of steel ground rods buried in mildly desertified soil.
Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Muhammad Anjum Faqir , Issa Khan Muhammad , Tehseen Saima , El‐Ghorab Ahmed , Iqbal Sultan Javed 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of multiple functions of the coriander plant, including its nutritional and nutraceutical benefits, with special reference to linalool.Design/methodology/approachThe authors undertake a literature review of the coriander plant's history, chemical composition of coriander parts and its oil, and their nutraceutical potential. Various phytopharmacological appraisals have been discussed at length to investigate their important potential.FindingsCoriander is an annual, herbaceous plant which originated from the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions and known as medicinal plants. Coriander contains an essential oil (0.03‐2.6%). The different parts of this plant contain monoterpenes, limpnene, α‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, p‐cymene, citronellol, borneol, camphor, coriandrin, geraniol, dihydrocoriandrin, coriandronsA‐E, flavonoids and essential oils. It is used as a stomachic, spasmolytic and carminative which have a greater bioactive property. Various parts of this plant, such as seeds, leaves, flower and fruit, possess antioxidant activity, diuretic, anti‐convulsant anti‐diabetic activity, sedative hypnotic activity, anti‐mutagenic, anti‐microbial activity, anthelmintic activity. The physical properties, chemical composition and bioactivity affect the coriander's commercial value.Research limitations/implicationsCurrently available information on coriander seeds and leaves is insufficient. These observations have led to continuing research aimed at identifying specific bioactive components in foods, such as antioxidants, which may be responsible for improving and maintaining health. Antioxidants are present in foods as vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Coriander is also rich in such compounds. Research supports that some of these foods, as part of an overall healthful diet, have the potential to delay the onset of many age‐related diseases, so there is urgent need to explore the role of these compounds.Originality/valueThis review is unique in its comprehensive nature and reflects the importance of coriander as a medicinal food.
Whole school food programmes and the kitchen environment
Authors: Kimberlee Richard , Jones Mathew , Morley Adrian , Orme Judy , Salmon Debra 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of the Food For Life Partnership (FFLP) whole school food programme on kitchen staff employment and professional development.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research involved baseline and follow‐up interviews with 74 kitchen staff (51 primary and 23 secondary English schools) enrolled onto the FFLP programme. Empirical data were collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire between 2007‐2010 with an average of 20 months between baseline and follow‐up. Data were collected on the perceived programme impact on school cook professional experience and employment and their role in health promotion.FindingsNumbers of kitchen staff and mean job satisfaction grew. Kitchen staff reported significant investment in their kitchen environment. They felt a greater degree of involvement and broader integration with the rest of the school's educational mission. However, towards the end of their involvement, kitchen staff became increasingly cognizant of the growing challenges posed by broader economic conditions emerging at the time of follow‐up.Practical implicationsKitchen staff can play an important role in the promotion of healthy eating and school cohesion. However, there are significant organisational and employment‐based barriers to fulfilling this potential.Originality/valueThis paper outlines the role of kitchen staff in whole school food programmes and illustrates the key dimensions and barriers that need to be overcome to enhance their role through the delivery of improvements in school food uptake and the promotion of healthier and more sustainable food consumption.
An empirical test of experiential shopping in food retailing
Authors: Lang Mark , Hooker Neal H. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the influence of shopping experience on consumer satisfaction shown in non‐food retail sectors has a similar effect in food retailing, specifically with large‐scale grocery retailers. The paper also investigates differences in shopping experience and its effect across different retail settings.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study of a customer satisfaction database combining satisfaction with store attributes across several large‐scale grocery retailers in the specialty, traditional, and discount sectors. Hierarchal regression is used to meaure the effect of a composite shopping experience index on overall satisfaction, after controlling for basic economic factors of food shopping such as product quality, assortment, availability, and prices.FindingsThere was support for three hypotheses, suggesting that: food shopping experience effects overall consumer satisfaction for grocery retailers; shopping experience varies across different grocery retail settings; and the effect of food shopping experience on consumer satisfaction varies across grocery retail settings.Research limitations/implicationsData report a single point in time and aggregate measures. Guidance is provided for food retailers wanting to further develop shopping experience to impact consumer satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper gives important empirical support for the influence of shopping experience on customer satisfaction for large‐scale grocery retailers and across various retail settings.
Facilitating customers' post‐purchase food retail experiences
Authors: Saarijärvi Hannu , Kuusela Hannu , Rintamäki Timo 
Published: May 2013

PurposeDelivering superior customer experiences through experiential marketing strategies has become increasingly important in food retailing. While retailers seek new sources of competitive advantage, the perspective to customer experiences should be extended from the in‐store activities to post‐purchase where the value‐in‐use of the groceries eventually actualises. In this quest for an enhanced customer experience, the possibilities provided by Internet‐based service applications have been an underexplored area of research. Towards that end, the purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse how such service applications can facilitate customers' post‐purchase experiences in the context of food retailing.Design/methodology/approachA case study research setting was applied focusing on an internet‐based service application that provides customers with detailed information about the healthfulness of their groceries. Altogether 456 submissions of customer feedback data and 16 customer interviews were generated and analysed. Subsequently, a typology of facilitating customers' post‐purchase food retail experiences was constructed to uncover and illustrate how the service succeeds in extending the customer food retail experience towards the customer's context.FindingsThe authors identified four types of the typology, including “Playing”, “Check‐pointing”, “Learning”, and “Goal‐orientation”. These four types can be conceptualised through the utilitarian versus hedonic dimensions and the degree of customer transformation.Originality/valueThe paper introduces internet‐based service applications as a suitable experiential marketing strategy. It offers a fresh perspective and new insight into leveraging on the capabilities of the Internet in facilitating customers' post‐purchase food retail experiences.
Problem‐solving strategies that Kenyan academic librarians utilize when presented with copyright queries
Authors: Wakhungu Olaka Musa , Adkins Denice 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how Kenyan academic librarians, with varying education levels, solve and handle copyright issues when presented to them by library users.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was administered to 253 librarians in 14 universities in Nairobi, Kenya. Of those who responded to the survey, a think aloud protocol and critical incident technique interview were administered to a convenience sample of 32 librarians.FindingsLearned helplessness was found to exist among librarians who were Certificate and Diploma holders when faced with copyright queries. Librarians from the different education levels differed in their ranking of problem‐solving strategies they employ when it comes to stopping copyright infringement in libraries.Practical implicationsThis study helps to inform internal library policies regarding copyright and the type of staff member a library can utilize to serve library users whenever they present queries on copyright issues. The study supports the need for thorough copyright education for librarians.Originality/valueThis is the first time that a study has tried to compare how academic librarians in Africa with varying education levels in Library Science respond to copyright queries presented to them and approaches they use to fight copyright infringement.
A selective review of research on e‐resource usage in academic libraries
Authors: Tripathi Manorama , Jeevan V.K.J. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the usage of e‐resources in academic libraries. It also describes various studies undertaken to study the users' behavior and attitude towards e‐journals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent published literature on the importance of the usage statistics of e‐resources subscribed to by the academic libraries.FindingsThe findings show that the usage statistics help in studying and evaluating the users' behavior in an online environment. The library services can be extended and modified, to reflect user interests suiting the users the most, in the light of the evaluation and analyses done.Originality/valueThe paper has pertinence and wider implications for library staff engaged in providing e‐resources' services to readers.
Use of electronic and digital information by investment professionals in Kuwait
Authors: Sattar Chaudhry Abdus , Alansari Husain 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate what types of information are crucial to support investment decisions, how investment professionals find information that they use to advise their clients, what types of sources of information are available to them, what sources they prefer, and what difficulties they experience in finding investment information. The study also explores the preferred ways and means to improve the information finding skills of investment professionals.Design/methodology/approachSurvey method was used to collect data about information‐seeking behavior of investment professionals. An online questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The questionnaire contained eight questions about types of information required for investment analysis, information‐finding practices of professionals, tools and services frequently used, and perceptions of investment professionals about the importance of sources of information. Participants were also asked about the use of social media and social software, and frequently‐used information sources on investment opportunities.FindingsInvestment professionals in Kuwait are relying heavily on electronic and digital sources to find investment information. Participants indicated that a wide variety of financial and non‐financial information was needed to support their work. They reported frequent use of e‐mail and smartphones to access internal and external information. While they benefitted from social media and social software, they considered company intranets and portals, external web sites, and business information services more important to fulfill their information needs. They appeared to be confident about their information‐finding skills but considered training helpful in database and internet searching techniques.Originality/valueThis study has made valuable information available on information‐seeking practices of investment professionals, as very few previous studies could be found in the literature. The first phase was an exploratory study. The second phase of the study will use multiple methods such as interview and focus group discussions to probe further in certain areas.