bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics of canopy trees in New Caledonian rain forests: are monodominantNothofagus(Nothofagaceae) forests successional to mixed rain forests?
Authors: Read Jennifer , Jaffré Tanguy 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:In New Caledonia, rain forests with an upper canopy dominated by single species ofNothofagusoccur next to mixed-canopy forests, without discernible environmental cause. A potential explanation is that they are different successional stages. To test this hypothesis and predict long-term change in canopy dominance, population size structures of 61 canopy species were analysed in sixNothofagus-dominated forests and three adjacent mixed rain forests. Weibull analysis suggests that theseNothofagusforests are secondary forests, with recruitment insufficient to maintain monodominance, except at a high-altitude site. At low- to mid-altitudes theNothofaguscanopy is predicted to develop into a mixed canopy, unless moderate to severe disturbance occurs within its reproductive lifespan. However, adjacent mixed rain forests are also secondary, with 85% of analysed species showing no evidence of continuous regeneration. Fifteen species from both forest types showed reverse-J curves suggesting continuous regeneration, but onlyCalophyllum caledonicumdid so consistently. Since few canopy species showed evidence of high shade tolerance and persistence, a small number of shade-tolerant species is predicted to dominate both forests in the long term, in the hypothetical absence of disturbance. Hence, temporal factors associated with disturbances play a key role in determining dominance in these forests.
The syllabic bridge: the first step in learning spelling-to-sound correspondences*
Authors: DOIGNON-CAMUS NADEGE , ZAGAR DANIEL 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIt is widely agreed that learning to read starts with the establishment of letter-to-phoneme correspondences. However, it is also widely agreed that prereaders do not have access to phoneme units. Here we show that the building of associations between letters and syllables, which we call the ‘syllabic bridge’, might be a faster and more direct way of learning spelling-to-sound correspondences in French. After a few minutes of exposure, prereaders are able to learn the statistical properties of letter co-occurrences. Statistical learning is boosted by explicit instructions about the associations between letter clusters and syllables. Building the syllabic bridge from available phonological syllables and frequent letter clusters may therefore be the first step in learning to read.
Exposing bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes to aromatizable androgen restore serum-induced low estradiol production in vitro
Authors: Bernuci M.P. , Bulgareli D.L. , Vireque A.A. , Pitangui C.P. , de Sa M.F.S. , Rosa-e-Silva A.C.J.S. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryWe aimed in this study to assess whether serum-decreased bovine cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) steroidogenesis during in vitro maturation (IVM) is caused by deficient androgen milieu. For this approach, bovine COCs were cultured in serum-supplemented IVM medium in the presence or absence of 1 μM androstenedione. After 24 h of culture, medium was collected and analyzed for its content of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4). Medium E2 content markedly increased after incubation of COCs with androstenedione (17.52 ± 1.86 ng/ml to the androgen group; 0.32 ± 0.05 ng/ml to the non-androgen group). No significant difference in the P4 content was detected despite the presence of androstenedione (21.83 ± 1.61 ng/ml to the androgen group; 21.73 ± 1.67 ng/ml to the non-androgen group). Our data provide compelling evidence that bovine COCs steroidogenesis remains functional during culture in serum-supplemented medium and suggest that serum-induced decreased COCs estradiol secretion is caused by deficiency of an aromatizable androgen source.
Effect of melatonin treatment on developmental potential of somatic cell nuclear-transferred mouse oocytesin vitro
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Kato Yoko , Tsunoda Yukio 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe beneficial effect of supplementing culture medium with melatonin has been reported duringin vitroembryo development of species such as mouse, bovine and porcine. However, the effect of melatonin on mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the effects of various concentrations of melatonin (10−6to 10−12M) on thein vitrodevelopment of mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos for 96 h. Embryos cultured without melatonin were used as control. There was no significant difference in cleavage rates between the groups supplemented with melatonin, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and the control. The rate of development to blastocyst stage was significantly higher in the group supplemented with 10−12M melatonin compared with the control group (P< 0.05). Thus, our data demonstrated that adding melatonin to pre-implantation mouse nuclear-transferred embryos can accelerate blastocyst formation.
Effects of gaseous atmosphere and antioxidants on the development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos at different periods ofin vitroculture
Authors: Rocha-Frigoni Nathália Alves de Souza , Leão Beatriz Caetano da Silva , Nogueira Ériklis , Accorsi Mônica Ferreira , Mingoti Gisele Zoccal 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThis study examined the effects of antioxidant supplementation and O2tension on embryo development, cryotolerance and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The antioxidant supplementation consisted of 0.6 mM cysteine (CYST); 0.6 mM cysteine + 100 μM cysteamine (C+C); 100 IU catalase (CAT) or 100 μM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) for 3 or 7 days ofin vitroculture (IVC). Two O2tensions (20% O2[5% CO2in air] or 7% O2, 5% CO2and 88% N2[gaseous mixture]) were examined. After 7 days of antioxidant supplementation, the blastocyst frequencies were adversely affected (P< 0.05) by CYST (11.2%) and C+C (1.44%), as well as by low O2tension (17.2% and 11.11% for 20% and 7% O2, respectively) compared with the control (26.6%). The blastocyst re-expansion rates were not affected (P> 0.05) by the treatments (range, 66–100%). After 3 days of antioxidant supplementation, the blastocyst frequencies were not affected (P> 0.05) by any of the antioxidants (range, 43.6–48.5%), but they were reduced by low O2tension (P< 0.05) (52.1% and 38.4% for 20% and 7% O2, respectively). The intracellular ROS levels, demonstrated as arbitrary fluorescence units, were not affected (P> 0.05) by antioxidant treatment (range, 0.78 to 0.95) or by O2tension (0.86 and 0.88 for 20% and 7% O2, respectively). The re-expansion rates were not affected (P> 0.05) by any of the treatments (range, 63.6–93.3%). In conclusion, intracellular antioxidant supplementation and low O2tension throughout the entire IVC period were deleterious to embryo development. However, antioxidant supplementation up to day 3 of IVC did not affect the blastocyst frequencies or intracellular ROS levels.
Relational paraphrase acquisition from Wikipedia: The WRPA method and corpus
Authors: VILA M. , RODRÍGUEZ H. , MARTÍ M. A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractParaphrase corpora are an essential but scarce resource in Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we present the Wikipedia-based Relational Paraphrase Acquisition (WRPA) method, which extracts relational paraphrases from Wikipedia, and the derived WRPA paraphrase corpus. The WRPA corpus currently covers person-related and authorship relations in English and Spanish, respectively, suggesting that, given adequate Wikipedia coverage, our method is independent of the language and the relation addressed. WRPA extracts entity pairs from structured information in Wikipedia applying distant learning and, based on the distributional hypothesis, uses them as anchor points for candidate paraphrase extraction from the free text in the body of Wikipedia articles. Focussing on relational paraphrasing and taking advantage of Wikipedia-structured information allows for an automatic and consistent evaluation of the results. The WRPA corpus characteristics distinguish it from other types of corpora that rely on string similarity or transformation operations. WRPA relies on distributional similarity and is the result of the free use of language outside any reformulation framework. Validation results show a high precision for the corpus.
Protooncogene TCL1b functions as an Akt kinase co-activator that exhibits oncogenic potency in vivo
Authors: Hashimoto M , Suizu F , Tokuyama W , Noguchi H , Hirata N , Matsuda-Lennikov M , Edamura T , Masuzawa M , Gotoh N , Tanaka S , Noguchi M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractProtooncogene T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1), which is implicated in human T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), interacts with Akt and enhances its kinase activity, functioning as an Akt kinase co-activator. Two major isoforms of TCL1 Protooncogenes (TCL1 and TCL1b) are present adjacent to each other on human chromosome 14q.32. In human T-PLL, both TCL1 and TCL1b are activated by chromosomal translocation. Moreover, TCL1b-transgenic mice have never been created. Therefore, it remains unclear whether TCL1b itself, independent of TCL1, exhibits oncogenicity. In co-immunoprecipitation assays, both ectopic and endogenous TCL1b interacted with Akt. In in vitro Akt kinase assays, TCL1b enhanced Akt kinase activity in dose- and time-dependent manners. Bioinformatics approaches utilizing multiregression analysis, cluster analysis, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway mapping, Venn diagrams and Gene Ontology (GO) demonstrated that TCL1b showed highly homologous gene-induction signatures similar to Myr-Akt or TCL1. TCL1b exhibited oncogenicity in in vitro colony-transformation assay. Further, two independent lines of β-actin promoter-driven TCL1b-transgenic mice developed angiosarcoma on the intestinal tract. Angiosarcoma is a rare form of cancer in humans with poor prognosis. Using immunohistochemistry, 11 out of 13 human angiosarcoma samples were positively stained with both anti-TCL1b and anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Consistently, in various cancer tissues, 69 out of 146 samples were positively stained with anti-TCL1b, out of which 46 were positively stained with anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Moreover, TCL1b structure-based inhibitor ‘TCL1b-Akt-in’ inhibited Akt kinase activity in in vitro kinase assays and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-induced Akt kinase activities—in turn, ‘TCL1b-Akt-in’ inhibited cellular proliferation of sarcoma. The current study disclosed TCL1b bears oncogenicity and hence serves as a novel therapeutic target for human neoplastic diseases.
Testing the annual nature of speleothem banding
Authors: Shen Chuan-Chou , Lin Ke , Duan Wuhui , Jiang Xiuyang , Partin Judson W. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai , Tan Ming 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSpeleothem laminae have been postulated to form annually and this lamina-chronology is widely applied to high-resolution modern and past climate reconstructions. However, this argument has not been directly supported by high resolution dating methods. Here we present contemporary single-lamina 230Th dating techniques with 2σ precision as good as ±0.5 yr on a laminated stalagmite with density couplets from Xianren Cave, China, that covers the last 300 years. We find that the layers do not always deposit annually. Annual bands can be under- or over-counted by several years during different multi-decadal intervals. The irregular formation of missing and false bands in this example indicates that the assumption of annual speleothem laminae in a climate reconstruction should be approached carefully without a robust absolute-dated chronology.
Total absorption in asymmetric hyperbolic media
Authors: Nefedov Igor S. , Valagiannopoulos Constantinos A. , Hashemi Seed M. , Nefedov Evgeny I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFinite-thickness slabs of hyperbolic media with tilted optical axes exhibit asymmetry properties for waves propagating upward and downward with respect to slab interfaces. Under certain conditions, asymmetric hyperbolic media acquire extreme permittivity parameters and the difference between upward and downward propagating waves becomes very large. Furthermore, both waves can be perfectly matched with the free space; such a feature makes possible the development of optically ultra thin perfect absorbers. The proposed approach is unified and allows the use of different "Equation missing"-negative materials. Of particular interest is the asymmetric hyperbolic medium, made of silicon nanowires, since it can be directly applicable to solar cell systems.
Ultrafast zero balance of the oscillator-strength sum rule in graphene
Authors: Kim Jaeseok , Lim Seong Chu , Chae Seung Jin , Maeng Inhee , Choi Younghwan , Cha Soonyoung , Lee Young Hee , Choi Hyunyong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOscillator-strength sum rule in light-induced transitions is one general form of quantum-mechanical identities. Although this sum rule is well established in equilibrium photo-physics, an experimental corroboration for the validation of the sum rule in a nonequilibrium regime has been a long-standing unexplored question. The simple band structure of graphene is an ideal system for investigating this question due to the linear Dirac-like energy dispersion. Here, we employed both ultrafast terahertz and optical spectroscopy to directly monitor the transient oscillator-strength balancing between quasi-free low-energy oscillators and high-energy Fermi-edge ones. Upon photo-excitation of hot Dirac fermions, we observed that the ultrafast depletion of high-energy oscillators precisely complements the increased terahertz absorption oscillators. Our results may provide an experimental priori to understand, for example, the intrinsic free-carrier dynamics to the high-energy photo-excitation, responsible for optoelectronic operation such as graphene-based phototransistor or solar-energy harvesting devices.
Overcoming chemoresistance of small-cell lung cancer through stepwise HER2-targeted antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and VEGF-targeted antiangiogenesis
Authors: Minami Toshiyuki , Kijima Takashi , Kohmo Satoshi , Arase Hisashi , Otani Yasushi , Nagatomo Izumi , Takahashi Ryo , Miyake Kotaro , Higashiguchi Masayoshi , Morimura Osamu , Ihara Shoichi , Tsujino Kazuyuki , Hirata Haruhiko , Inoue Koji , Takeda Yoshito , Kida Hiroshi , Tachibana Isao , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) easily recurs with a multidrug resistant phenotype. However, standard therapeutic strategies for relapsed SCLC remain unestablished. We found that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is not only expressed in pretreated human SCLC specimens, but is also upregulated when HER2-positive SCLC cells acquire chemoresistance. Trastuzumab induced differential levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to HER2-positive SCLC cells. Furthermore, as a mechanism of the differential levels of ADCC, we have revealed that coexpression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on SCLC cells is essential to facilitate and accelerate the trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. Although SN-38–resistant SCLC cells lacking ICAM-1 expression were still refractory to trastuzumab, their in vivo growth was significantly suppressed by bevacizumab treatment due to dependence on their distinctive and abundant production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Collectively, stepwise treatment with trastuzumab and bevacizumab is promising for the treatment of chemoresistant SCLC.
The advertised diet: an examination of the extent and nature of food advertising on Australian television
Authors: Roberts Michele , Pettigrew Simone , Chapman Kathy , Quester Pascale , Miller Caroline 
Published: September 2013

Issues addressedThe aim of the present study was to describe food advertising and expenditure on Australian television, and to conduct an audit to assess what proportion of food and beverage television advertisements was consistent with dietary recommendations.MethodsData were acquired from a national media monitoring company for advertisements broadcast in five major Australian cities from 1 September 2010 to 31 October 2010. Content analysis was undertaken on these advertisements and the advertised foods were assessed against the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. The data also included advertising expenditures.ResultsMost advertised foods were non‐core foods (63%), with few advertisements for fruits and vegetables (6%). Advertisements for non‐core foods were significantly more frequent during prime time viewing periods (71% vs 60%; P < 0.01). High levels of advertising for fast food (28%) and non‐core beverages (24%) were recorded.ConclusionsThe present study found that the foods advertised during the data‐collection period were inconsistent with the recommended diet. There are clear areas for policy concern given that the majority of recorded advertisements were for foods classified as ‘occasional foods’, there were low levels of advertising for fruit and vegetables, and there were no social marketing messages to support healthy eating.So what?The findings of the study suggest that there is an urgent need for more comprehensive regulation of food advertising in Australia.
Auditor independence, audit quality and the mandatory auditor rotation in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Diana , Hussien Habib Magda 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the problem of the lack of auditor independence in the Egyptian context, how it might affect the audit quality, through assessing reasons behind the voluntary switching of auditors, whether this switch is in the side of improving audit quality or not and the suggestion of the mandatory auditor rotation as a solution to such a problem.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper's findings are based on a survey analysis. The survey is done through a questionnaire created by the researcher (author) from the literature and distributed among audit practitioners from the Big Four audit firms operating in Egypt.

Findings
– The problem of lack of auditor independence exists in Egypt due to many reasons. The main reason is the poor structure of corporations of being closely held. It was also found that the voluntary switching of auditors are for purposes improving the quality; from these reasons is the search of more reputable auditors and timelier audit opinions. Finally auditor rotation was suggested by the practitioners in order to overcome the problems of lack of independence and that the mandatory firm rotation is suggested instead of the mandatory partner rotation.

Practical implications
– The mandatory audit firm rotation in different countries had some positive effect on audit quality. The application of mandatory rotation in the Egyptian context where there the problem of the lack of auditor independence is really clear is suggested so as to overcome the consequences of the independence problem and improve the audit quality.

Originality/value
– This research work tries to dig more into the Egyptian context as a developing country regarding the threats to the auditing professionals in terms of the causes that might be impairing their independence as well as assessing the applicability of the mandatory rotation practice in Egypt.
Partner violence and health among HIV-infected jail detainees
Authors: P. Meyer Jaimie , A. Wickersham Jeffrey , J. Fu Jeannia , Brown Shan-Estelle , P. Sullivan Tami , A. Springer Sandra , L. Altice Frederick 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Little is known about the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with specific HIV-treatment outcomes, especially among criminal justice (CJ) populations who are disproportionately affected by IPV, HIV, mental, and substance use disorders (SUDs) and are at high risk of poor post-release continuity of care.

Design/methodology/approach
– Mixed methods were used to describe the prevalence, severity, and correlates of lifetime IPV exposure among HIV-infected jail detainees enrolled in a novel jail-release demonstration project in Connecticut. Additionally, the effect of IPV on HIV treatment outcomes and longitudinal healthcare utilization was examined.

Findings
– Structured baseline surveys defined 49 percent of 84 participants as having significant IPV exposure, which was associated with female gender, longer duration since HIV diagnosis, suicidal ideation, having higher alcohol use severity, having experienced other forms of childhood and adulthood abuse, and homo/bisexual orientation. IPV was not directly correlated with HIV healthcare utilization or treatment outcomes. In-depth qualitative interviews with 20 surveyed participants, however, confirmed that IPV was associated with disengagement from HIV care especially in the context of overlapping vulnerabilities, including transitioning from CJ to community settings, having untreated mental disorders, and actively using drugs or alcohol at the time of incarceration.

Originality/value
– Post-release interventions for HIV-infected CJ populations should minimally integrate HIV secondary prevention with violence reduction and treatment for SUDs.
Incarcerated women develop a nutrition and fitness program: participatory research
Authors: Elwood Martin Ruth , Adamson Sue , Korchinski Mo , Granger-Brown Alison , R. Ramsden Vivian , A. Buxton Jane , Espinoza-Magana Nancy , L. Pollock Sue , J.F. Smith Megan , C. Macaulay Ann , Lisa Condello Lara , Gregory Hislop T. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Women in prison throughout the world experience higher rates of mental and physical illness compared with the general population and compared with men in prison. The paper finds no published studies that report on men or women in prison engaging in participatory health research to address their concerns about nutrition and fitness. The purpose of this paper is to describe a pilot nutrition and fitness program, which resulted from a unique prison participatory health research project.

Design/methodology/approach
– Women in prison designed, led, and evaluated a six-week pilot fitness program in a minimum/medium security women's prison. Pre- and post-program assessments included a self-administered questionnaire and body measures. Open-ended questionnaire responses illuminated the quantitative findings.

Findings
– Sixteen women in prison completed the program evaluation. Weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and chest measurements decreased, and energy, sleep, and stress levels improved by the end of the program.

Research limitations/implications
– As a component of a participatory research project, incarcerated women designed and led a nutrition and fitness program, which resulted in improved body measures and self-reported health benefits.

Originality Value
– Incarceration provides opportunities to engage women in designing their own health programs with consequent potential long-term “healing” benefits.