bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin p‐adaptivity for wave propagation problems
Authors: Giorgiani Giorgio , Fernández‐Méndez Sonia , Huerta Antonio 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYA p‐adaptive hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of wave problems is presented in a challenging engineering problem. Moreover, its performance is compared with a high‐order continuous Galerkin. The hybridization technique allows to reduce the coupled degrees of freedom to only those on the mesh element boundaries, whereas the particular choice of the numerical fluxes opens the path to a superconvergent postprocessed solution. This superconvergent postprocessed solution is used to construct a simple and inexpensive error estimator. The error estimator is employed to obtain solutions with the prescribed accuracy in the area (or areas) of interest and also drives a proposed iterative mesh adaptation procedure. The proposed method is applied to a nonhomogeneous scattering problem in an unbounded domain. This is a challenging problem because, on the one hand, for high frequencies, numerical difficulties are an important issue because of the loss of the ellipticity and the oscillatory behavior of the solution. And on the other hand, it is applied to real harbor agitation problems. That is, the mild slope equation in frequency domain (Helmholtz equation with nonconstant coefficients) is solved on real geometries with the corresponding perfectly matched layer to damp the diffracted waves. The performance of the method is studied on two practical examples. The adaptive hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method exhibits better efficiency compared with a high‐order continuous Galerkin method using static condensation of the interior nodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of surfactant type and purity upon emulsion copolymerisation of styrene and acrylic acid
Authors: Blackley David C. , Sebastian S. Andries R. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResults are reported for (a) the reproducibility of styrene–acrylic acid emulsion copolymerisations using (i) sodium lauryl sulphate and (ii) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as stabiliser, and (b) the effect of small amounts of isopropanol upon the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene and acrylic acid using sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as stabiliser. Lack of reproducibility of the conversion–time results when sodium lauryl sulphate was used as stabiliser is attributed to partial hydrolysis of the stabiliser brought about by the low pH of the reaction system.
Enzymatic conversion of irradiated cellulosic materials
Authors: Kovalev G. V. , Sinitsyn A. P. , Volf E. G. , Kalyazin E. P. , Bugaenko L. T. , Klyosov A. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInitial rate and degree of conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials (CM—cotton linter and bagasse) have complicated dependencies on dosage of γ‐irradiation. The decrease in reactivity at low doses is explained by a decrease in the CM surface caused by radiation‐induced crosslinkages. Doses higher than 0·5 MGy increased reactivity; at 2 MGy the degree of conversion (48 h hydrolysis) was about 5 times higher than in controls. Increased reactivity was caused by depolymerization, increased solubility and decrease of crystallinity index of CM.
Retinal characteristics of the congenital disorder of glycosylation PMM2‐CDG
Authors: Thompson Dorothy A. , Lyons Ruth J. , Russell‐Eggitt Isabelle , Liasis Alki , Jägle Herbert , Grünewald Stephanie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe congenital disorder of glycosylation, PMM2‐CDG, is associated with progressive photoreceptor degeneration, which causes a pigmentary retinopathy. We identified a sibling pair, mildly affected with PMM2‐CDG, who showed preserved photoreceptor function, but profound deficits of the ‘on‐pathway’ in the retina. This localises the site of early, or initial, retinal dysfunction in PMM2‐CDG to the synapse in the outer plexiform layer between bipolar cells, photoreceptors and horizontal cells. We sought wider evidence to support this novel finding by reviewing retrospectively the case notes of eight patients, diagnosed with PMM2‐CDG between the ages of 7 months to 16 years. We compared the clinical presentation and electroretinograms, (ERGs), of these patients with the sibling pair. We found that five of eight patients showed characteristic ERG features of on‐pathway dysfunction in the form of reduced ERG b‐wave amplitude. The remaining three patients had significant photoreceptor dysfunction by the time of ERG recording, and both a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes were markedly attenuated. We conclude that ERG signs of on‐pathway dysfunction can be detected in the early stages of PMM2‐CDG. Referral for electroretinography evidence of this specific on‐pathway deficit, with preservation of oscillatory potentials, can help establish the diagnosis of infants with developmental delay or failure to thrive in whom a glycosylation defect is suspected. Also by increasing our understanding of the interaction of N‐glycoproteins at this synapse we may be able to design future therapeutic intervention to prevent or ameliorate the progressive visual loss associated with PMM2‐CDG.
BIOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF INTER-GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY IN A BRITISH COHORT
Authors: KRZYŻANOWSKA MONIKA , MASCIE-TAYLOR C. G. NICHOLAS 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe relationship between inter-generational social mobility of sons and daughters between 1958 and 1991 and biosocial variables, i.e. birth order, number of children in family, father's social class, region, educational attainment of child and father, educational and cognitive test scores (reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal IQ tests), was studied in a large British cohort study. The data used were collected as part of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). The extent of social class mobility was determined inter-generationally and was categorized as none (no change in social class between the father's and index child's social class), upwardly mobile (where the index child moved up one or more social classes compared with their father) or downwardly mobile (where the index child moved down one or more social classes compared with their father). All of the biosocial variables were associated with social mobility when analysed separately. Multivariate analyses revealed that the most significant predictor of mobility categories in both sexes was education of the cohort member, followed by social class of the father. In both sexes mathematics score was a significant predicator, while in sons reading and non-verbal IQ scores were also important predictors. In the light of these results, it appears that social mobility in Britain takes place largely on meritocratic principles.
HOW DOES THE SPREAD OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLING INFLUENCE THE FERTILITY TRANSITION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL NEPAL
Authors: SILVA SIMONE , HOTCHKISS DAVID R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryFrom 1996 to 2006, Nepal experienced a substantial fertility decline, with the total fertility rate dropping from 4.6 to 3.1 births per woman. This study examines the associations between progress towards universal primary and secondary schooling and fertility decline in rural Nepal. Several hypotheses regarding mechanisms through which education affects current fertility behaviour are tested, including: the school environment during women's childhood; current availability of schools; knowledge of educational costs; and women's own educational attainment. Data for the analysis come from the 2003–04 Nepal Living Standards Survey, a nationally representative random sample of households, which includes detailed data on fertility, household expenditure, educational attainment, demographic characteristics and the use of social services. Census and administrative data are also used to construct district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during the women's childhood. Discrete dependent variable modelling techniques are used to estimate the effects of the following variables on the probability of women giving birth in a given year: district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during women's childhood; having had a child previously in school; women's own educational level; current school availability; and other covariates. Separate models are estimated for the overall sample of rural women of reproductive age, and for parity-specific sub-samples. The results suggest that district-level gross enrolment ratios for secondary schools and, in some instances, having had a previous child enrolled in school are significant determinants of fertility in rural areas. These results are highly independent of women's own educational levels. Overall, the results suggest that, in the rural Nepal context, mass schooling influences the fertility transition through both community- and household-level pathways.
Cognitive trio: relationship with major depression and clinical predictors in Han Chinese women
Authors: Wang L. , Liu L. , Shi S. , Gao J. , Liu Y. , Li Y. , Zhang Z. , Wang G. , Zhang K. , Tao M. , Gao C. , Li K. , Wang X. , Lv L. , Jiang G. , Wang X. , Jia H. , Zhang J. , Lu C. , Li Y. , Li K. , Hu C. , Ning Y. , Li Y. , Sun J. , Liu T. , Zhang Y. , Ha B. , Tian H. , Meng H. , Hu J. , Chen Y. , Deng H. , Huang G. , Wu W. , Li G. , Fang X. , Pan J. , Hong X. , Gao S. , Li X. , Yang D. , Chen G. , Liu T. , Cai M. , Dong J. , Mei Q. , Shen Z. , Pan R. , Liu Z. , Wang X. , Tan Y. , Flint J. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied.MethodThe three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsCompared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms.ConclusionsDuring the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women.
Preimpact configuration analysis of a dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint for capturing an object
Authors: Cong Pei-Chao , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents the preimpact configuration of a dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint for capturing an object based on the momentum conservation principle. A unique precapture configuration “generalized straight-arm capture” (GSAC) is proposed based on the dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint and the corresponding angular relation is obtained. The configuration satisfies GSAC and can reduce the effect of system's angular momentum caused by the impact force during the capture operation and the burden of postimpact control, so it avoids the limitation of joint velocity and actuator torque when controlling the compound (a manipulator with a prismatic joint and an object) and guarantees the stability of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Harmonic cues for speech segmentation: a cross-linguistic corpus study on child-directed speech
Authors: KETREZ F. NIHAN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies on the role of vowel harmony in word segmentation are based on artificial languages where harmonic cues reliably signal word boundaries. In this corpus study run on the data available at CHILDES, we investigated whether natural languages provide a learner with reliable segmentation cues similar to the ones created artificially. We observed that in harmonic languages (child-directed speech to thirty-five Turkish and three Hungarian children), but not in non-harmonic ones (child-directed speech to one Farsi and four Polish children), harmonic vowel sequences are more likely to appear within words, and non-harmonic ones mostly appear across word boundaries, suggesting that natural harmonic languages provide a learner with regular cues that could potentially be used for word segmentation along with other cues.
Fatherhood, furniture and the inter-personal dynamics of working-class homes,c. 1870–1914
Authors: STRANGE JULIE-MARIE 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT:Drawing on life stories, this article considers the relationship between urban working-class men and domesticity. Focusing on the spaces, objects and rites of men's homecoming, it questions perceptions of working-class men as peripheral to the inter-personal dynamics of family life and assesses how men's occupation of domestic space and time could be invested with emotive meaning by adult children. The article suggests that fathers were not simply figures of authority or masculine privilege but, rather, that the domestic interior was a space where men and their children navigated family roles and filial obligations to enjoy nurturing and intimate relationships more commonly associated with mothers. In doing so, the article stakes a claim to reconsider the idea that working-class homes were ‘a woman's place’ and view them more dynamically as inter-personal domains.
The ‘Polish Mecca’, the ‘Little Vienna on the Vistula’ or ‘Big-City Cracow’? Imagining Cracow before the Great War
Authors: WOOD NATHANIEL D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT:This article explores the tendency of citizens to liken their city to other cities in an effort to promote particular visions of their hometown. It examines three mythic visions offin-de-siècleCracow – the Polish Mecca, the Little Vienna on the Vistula and modern Big-City Cracow – as reflected in contemporary accounts and historical scholarship, demonstrating how they functioned to promote national, imperial and interurban identification. Most critical of the national vision, the article advocates a broader perspective.
Impaired Response Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders, a Marker of Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders?
Authors: Barneveld Petra S. , de Sonneville Leo , van Rijn Sophie , van Engeland Herman , Swaab Hanna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, we addressed the relation between specific deficits in cognitive control and schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosed in childhood. We aimed to identify cognitive control deficits as markers of vulnerability to the development of schizophrenia spectrum pathology in ASD. Symptoms of autism and the risk for schizotypal symptomatology were assessed in 29 high-functioning adolescents with ASD, and compared with 40 typically developing adolescents. Cognitive control (response inhibition, mental flexibility, visuo-motor control, interference control, and perseveration) was evaluated for specific association with schizotypal symptomatology. Impaired response inhibition appeared to be strongly and specifically associated with schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with ASD, especially those with positive and disorganized symptoms. Response inhibition problems could indicate vulnerability to the development of schizotypal symptomatology in ASD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
Chandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey
Authors: Zhao Ping , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Hong Jaesub , Servillat Mathieu , van den Berg Maureen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey (ChaMPlane) surveys the X-ray point sources discovered by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in the galactic plane in order to constrain the populations of faint (Lx ≤ 1033erg/s) accretion-powered sources in the Galaxy. This multi-wavelength survey includes data from the Chandra archive, as well as optical and infrared images and spectra. This paper summarizes a few selected highlights.
γ-Ray Doppler Factors for Fermi Blazars
Authors: Fan J. H. , Yang J. H. , Zhang Q. F. , Li Y. , Liu Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we compiled the X-ray observations for 138 Fermi blazars and calculated their Doppler factors, δγ. The calculated Doppler factors, δγ, are found strongly correlated with the γ-ray luminosity.
Accretion of stellar winds in high-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Hadrava Petr , Čechura Jan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOur analysis of optical spectroscopy of high-mass X-ray binaries like Cyg X-1 confirms that most of the Balmer-lines emission anticorrelated with the X-ray flux originates from the circumstellar matter between the donor star and the accreting compact component. In order to study its structure and variability and the consequent accretion rate we have developed a 3-D numerical model based on radiation hydrodynamics of the supergiant stellar wind. The results show a non-stationary BHL-accretion on the compact component.
Mass Accretion in Intermediate Polar V1223 Sgr
Authors: Hric Ladislav , Kundra Emil , Gális Rudolf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntermediate polars (IPs) represent more than 70% of all cataclysmic variables (CVs) detected by INTEGRAL in hard X-ray. Nevertheless, only a quarter of all known IPs have been detected in this spectral band. This fact can be related to the activity state of these object ruled by changes in the mass accretion rate.
Disturbed radio and optical morphology in the interacting galaxy pairs
Authors: Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Janiuk A. , Hajduk M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present high resolution radio observations and their analysis of a radio-loud compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources FIRST J164311.3+315618 and FIRST J150805.6+342323. The radio observations presented here were made with the multi-element radio linked interferometer network (MERLIN) at 1.66 GHz and 5 GHz. The radio source FIRST J164311.3+315618 is associated with a small separation, 2.3 arcsec, radio-loud/radio-quiet binary quasar. The radio object FIRST J150805.6+342323 is associated with the north-eastern member of an interacting galaxy pair separated by 24 arcseconds. Our observations revealed disrupted radio morphology of both CSS sources. The distortions of the host galaxy of the two systems are also clearly visible in the optical images and, in the case of binary quasar FIRST J164311.3+315618, are well correlated with the radio ones. We suggest that the ignition of the AGN activity and its complex morphology is caused by the interaction with the companion in the process of merging.
Explorations into 3D Doppler Tomography of Interacting Binaries
Authors: Richards Mercedes T. , Cocking Alexander S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOver the past twenty-five years, the technique of Doppler tomography has produced many 2D images of the accretion structures and other gas flows in a range of systems containing compact and non-compact stars, including cataclysmic variables, polars, Algols, x-ray, and gamma-ray binaries. Recent 3D images derived from the Radio astronomical Approach (RA) have revealed prominent gas motions beyond the central plane, and display the usual characteristics found in 2D images, as well as new evidence of tilted or precessing accretion disks around the mass gainer, and magnetic loop prominences and coronal mass ejections associated with the donor star. In this work, we have compared new 3D images derived from the back projection tomography technique with those derived from the RA method. In general, back projection produces sharper and more distinctive images than the RA method, thereby permitting a more detailed study of the physical properties of the accretion sources.
Restrictions to Neutron Star Properties Based on Twin-Peak Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
Authors: Török Gabriel , Bakala Pavel , Šrámková Eva , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Urbanec Martin , Goluchová Kateřina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe consider twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the accreting low-mass neutron star (NS) binaries and explore restrictions to NS properties that are implied by various QPO models. For each model and each source, the consideration results in a specific relation between the NS mass M and the angular-momentum j rather than in their single preferred combination. Furthermore, the inferred restrictions on NS properties (or QPO models) are weaker for the low-frequency sources than for the high-frequency sources.
Discovery of an unusual radio galaxy with a hybrid double-double and X-shaped morphology
Authors: Wang C. C. , Zhou H. Yan. , Ji T. , Liu W. J. , Jiang N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report the discovery of the first ‘X’-shaped double-double radio galaxy (DDRG), MRC0929+164 (J0932+1611), from FIRST radio survey. The intersection angle of the lines of two pairs of radio lobes is around 20.6° for this object, much larger than other DDRGs. This unusual morphology may be a hint that the growth of its central super-massive black hole suffered a violent galaxy merger once.
Life in the dark: metagenomic evidence that a microbial slime community is driven by inorganic nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Tetu Sasha G , Breakwell Katy , Elbourne Liam D H , Holmes Andrew J , Gillings Michael R , Paulsen Ian T 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Beneath Australia’s large, dry Nullarbor Plain lies an extensive underwater cave system, where dense microbial communities known as ‘slime curtains’ are found. These communities exist in isolation from photosynthetically derived carbon and are presumed to be chemoautotrophic. Earlier work found high levels of nitrite and nitrate in the cave waters and a high relative abundance of Nitrospirae in bacterial 16S rRNA clone libraries. This suggested that these communities may be supported by nitrite oxidation, however, details of the inorganic nitrogen cycling in these communities remained unclear. Here we report analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequence data from the Weebubbie cave slime curtain community. The microbial community is comprised of a diverse assortment of bacterial and archaeal genera, including an abundant population of Thaumarchaeota. Sufficient thaumarchaeotal sequence was recovered to enable a partial genome sequence to be assembled, which showed considerable synteny with the corresponding regions in the genome of the autotrophic ammonia oxidiser Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. This partial genome sequence, contained regions with high sequence identity to the ammonia mono-oxygenase operon and carbon fixing 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle genes of N. maritimus SCM1. Additionally, the community, as a whole, included genes encoding key enzymes for inorganic nitrogen transformations, including nitrification and denitrification. We propose that the Weebubbie slime curtain community represents a distinctive microbial ecosystem, in which primary productivity is due to the combined activity of archaeal ammonia-oxidisers and bacterial nitrite oxidisers.