bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic interactions among property types
Authors: Yunus Nafeesa 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of the study is to utilize cointegration techniques and analyze the degree of linkages among four key property types (retail, office, industrial, and residential) of eight major countries throughout North America and Europe. Additionally, the study evaluates whether investors can attain greater diversification benefits by investing across specific property sectors within their own nations in the long‐run. Finally, the study examines whether certain property sectors can be considered the “leader” that drives the remaining sectors over time.Design/methodology/approachMultivariate cointegration tests developed by Johansen and Johansen and Juselius are utilized to evaluate whether long‐run equilibrium relationship(s) exist among the four property sectors. If evidence of cointegration is found, hypothesis tests are implemented to separate out the markets that can be excluded from the cointegrating relationships and to identify the markets that are the sources of the common trends (weakly exogenous), respectively.FindingsLong‐run cointegration results indicate that the four property sectors of the USA, Canada, Netherlands, and the UK have fully converged implying limited diversification possibilities. The property sectors of Finland, France, Germany and Sweden, however, have only partially converged. Further analysis reveals that for these four countries, the industrial sectors provide the greatest long‐run diversification benefits. Finally, weak exogeneity tests indicate that for an overwhelming majority of the countries under consideration, the residential sectors are the sources of the common stochastic trends, that “lead” the remaining property types towards the long‐run equilibrium relationships.Practical implicationsThe conclusions from this study should be beneficial to investors, portfolio managers, pension fund managers and other institutional investors in the USA and abroad who are contemplating to invest across property sectors within their own countries in making more informed portfolio allocation decisions. The findings also highlight the importance of implementing time‐series econometric techniques to accurately and appropriately model interactions among property sectors over time.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that utilize modern‐day timeseries techniques to analyze the dynamic interactions among the property sectors of eight major nations throughout North America and Europe. Prior studies, have been limited to modeling interrelationships between the property sectors of the USA and UK, with little attention given to other major real estate markets.
People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves
Authors: Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh R. , Bhatnagar Yash Veer , Redpath Stephen , Mishra Charudutt 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists.

We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans‐Himalayan India. We interviewed local people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples' perceptions of the risk to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village‐level livestock mortality over a 2‐year period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning.

Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking density of large‐bodied free‐ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people's threat perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves, peoples' perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by wolves was explained by habitat structure.

Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should target large‐bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf.
Programming of glucose–insulin homoeostasis: long‐term consequences of pre‐natal versus early post‐natal nutrition insults. Evidence from a sheep model
Authors: Kongsted A. H. , Tygesen M. P. , Husted S. V. , Oliver M. H. , Tolver A. , Christensen V. G. , Nielsen J. H. , Nielsen M. O. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimExposure to adverse intra‐uterine conditions can predispose for metabolic disorders later in life. By using a sheep model, we studied (i) how programming of glucose–insulin homoeostasis during late gestation is manifested later in life depending on the early post‐natal dietary exposure and (ii) whether dietary alteration in obese individuals can prevent adverse outcomes of early life programming.MethodsDuring late gestation, twin‐pregnant sheep were fed 100% (NORM) or 50% (LOW) of energy and protein requirements. After birth, offspring were exposed to a moderate (CONV) or high‐carbohydrate–high‐fat (HCHF) diet until around puberty. Offspring remaining thereafter (exclusively females) were fed a moderate diet until young adulthood.ResultsLOW lambs had increased insulin secretory responses during intravenous glucose tolerance tests indicative of reduced insulin sensitivity. HCHF lambs were hypertriglyceridaemic, 75% had mild pancreatic collagen infiltration, and their acute insulin secretory response and insulin clearance during intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance tests, respectively, were reduced. However, NORM‐HCHF in contrast to LOW‐HCHF lambs had normal glucose tolerance, indicating that later health outcomes are highly influenced by pre‐natal nutrition. Dietary alteration normalized glucose–insulin homoeostasis in adult HCHF females, whereas late‐gestation undernutrition (LOW) permanently depressed insulin sensitivity.ConclusionMaintenance of glucose tolerance in sheep exposed to pre‐natal undernutrition relied on pancreatic hypersecretion of insulin to compensate for reduced insulin sensitivity. A mismatching high‐fat diet in early post‐natal life interfered with this pancreatic hypersecretion resulting in reduced glucose tolerance. Early post‐natal, but not late pre‐natal, impacts on glucose–insulin homoeostasis could be reversed by dietary correction later in life.
Corporate Governance in Asian Countries: Has Confucianism Anything to Offer?
Authors: Miles Lilian , Goo S. H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough Confucianism is a resilient cultural tradition in Asian societies, its role in their corporate governance systems is ambiguous. Confucian values have been pushed to the periphery because of a preoccupation in these countries to emulate corporate governance systems from the West. This article argues that Confucianism has much to offer in enhancing director conduct and corporate governance standards. As the attention of the global business community turns eastwards, it is opportune to revive interest in Confucianism and to explore ways in which it can be integrated formally into companies' governance systems.
Giving as Good as They Get? Organization and Employee Expectations of Ethical Business Practice
Authors: Mason Chris , Simmons John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCorporate malpractice and malfeasance on an unprecedented scale have brought ethical issues to the fore and accentuated demands from activists, governments, and the public for greater corporate social responsibility (CSR). The predominant response of researchers and policymakers has been to focus on the external impact of business operations and the merits of regulation or persuasion in achieving more responsible practice in these areas. In this article, we focus on a less well explored aspect of CSR, namely the evaluation of an organization's CSR activities by its internal stakeholders (i.e., employees). Salient CSR literature is reviewed to differentiate between CSR and ethical business practice (EBP), conceptualizing the latter as the internal manifestation of CSR as represented by an organization's values and vision, strategy and policy, systems and procedures, and people management practices. This article assesses organizational espousal of EBP in three ways: how successfully it is communicated to employees, how closely espousal aligns with employee expectation, and how this evaluation impacts on employee commitment. Our research approach aligns with and extends previous work in this area that identifies the likelihood of a “false consensus bias” by managers in assuming congruence between organization espousal of EBP and employee expectation. A conceptual model is offered to explain possible employee responses to an organization's EBP. This relates organization espousal of EBP to employee assessment of its salience to identify three positions on commitment that employees can adopt—abrogated, continuance, and affective commitment—together with their likely behavioral implications. The analysis generates a series of research questions and related areas of exploration to empirically test the conceptual model.
The Effects of the Recession on Attitudes toward Business Ethics: An Inter‐temporal Study of Business Students in 2001, 2009, and 2010
Authors: Segal Lydia , Haberfeld Maria , Gideon Lior 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis inter‐temporal study compares the ethical attitudes of business students at three points: in 2001, when the economy was relatively healthy; in 2009, near the beginning of the current recession; and in 2010, when the economy was worse. Ethical attitudes were measured by replicating a popular survey consisting of 25 ethically charged vignettes. The survey measures willingness to engage in white‐collar crime behaviors, some clearly illegal; others marginally unethical. Findings show an increase in tolerance for clearly illegal behaviors from 2001 to 2009 and an increase in tolerance for an even broader array of unethical acts from 2009 to 2010. As compared with 2001 respondents, 2009 respondents were more tolerant of seriously illegal behaviors but less tolerant of marginally unethical ones. In 2010, respondents were more accepting of both kinds of unethical behaviors. The results also suggest that the change in ethical attitudes from 2009 to 2010 was larger than the average annual change in ethics from 2001 to 2009. These findings are discussed within the framework of classical strain theory, Agnew's General Strain Theory, and the legitimacy of social institutions.
Building Power Together: Union Support for Central Labour Bodies
Authors: Boris Monica Bielski , Grabelsky Jeff 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOne of the key factors in the success of labour federations is to have affiliate unions who actively participate and support their work. This article examines the catalysts behind union involvement with central labour bodies and presents an analysis of the organizational motivations for engagement. The article uses comparative case study analysis to examine affiliate union commitment in the United States to the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations' state federations, area labour federations and central labour councils. Union leadership, along with contextual, interpretative and organizational factors, was found to influence the level of affiliate union involvement in central labour bodies.
Implications of Financial Capitalism for Employment Relations Research: Evidence from Breach of Trust and Implicit Contracts in Private Equity Buyouts
Authors: Appelbaum Eileen , Batt Rose , Clark Ian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn increasing share of the economy is organized around financial capitalism, where capital market actors actively manage their claims on wealth creation and distribution to maximize shareholder value. Drawing on four case studies of private equity buyouts, we challenge agency theory interpretations that they are ‘welfare neutral’ and show that an alternative source of shareholder value is breach of trust and implicit contracts. We show why management and employment relations scholars need to investigate the mechanisms of financial capitalism to provide a more accurate analysis of the emergence of new forms of class relations and to help us move beyond the limits of the varieties of capitalism approach to comparative institutional analysis.
Experiences of young people in a 16–18 Mental Health Service
Authors: Harper Ben , Dickson Joanne M. , Bramwell Ros 
Published: March 2013

Background16–18‐year‐old young people experience a relatively high incidence of mental health problems but there is a paucity of research on their experience of mental health services (MHS).MethodTo gain understanding of young people's experiences of 16–18 MHS, we used qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Ten young people in two 16–18 MHS were interviewed about experiences of using MHS.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged from the data analysis, ‘Power Differentials’, ‘Parental Involvement’, ‘Developmentally Attuned Services’, ‘Developing Self‐Expression’, ‘Continuity and Loss of Relationships’.ConclusionsRespondents valued developmentally appropriate MHS and emphasised the value of continuity in therapeutic relationships.
A single injection of kisspeptin‐54 temporarily increases luteinizing hormone pulsatility in healthy women
Authors: Jayasena C. N. , Comninos A. N. , Veldhuis J. D. , Misra S. , Abbara A. , Izzi‐Engbeaya C. , Donaldson M. , Ghatei M. A. , Bloom S. R. , Dhillo W. S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundKisspeptin is a novel hypothalamic peptide which stimulates endogenous gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. A single subcutaneous bolus injection of kisspeptin‐54 increases circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in women, but its acute effects on LH pulsatility are not known.AimsTo investigate the effects of a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of kisspeptin‐54 administration on LH pulsatility in healthy female volunteers.MethodsSix healthy female adult volunteers underwent 10‐minute blood sampling for serum LH measurement for 8 h during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. Sc bolus injection of saline or kisspeptin‐54 (0·15, 0·30 or 0·60 nmol/kg) was administered 4 h after commencing the study. A previously described, blinded deconvolution method was used to detect LH pulses.ResultsMean number of LH pulses was increased significantly following 0·30 and 0·60 nmol/kg kisspeptin‐54 when compared with saline (mean increase in number of LH pulses per 4 h, following injection: −0·17 ± 0·54, saline; +2·33 ± 0·56, 0·30 nmol/kg kisspeptin‐54, P < 0·05 vs saline; +2·33 ± 0·80, 0·60 nmol/kg kisspeptin‐54, P < 0·05 vs saline). LH pulse secretory mass increased following injection of 0·60 nmol/kg in five of six subjects, but the mean change in all subjects was non‐significant when compared with saline (mean increase in pulse secretory mass in IU/l following injection: +0·35 ± 0·40, saline; +2·61 ± 1·17, 0·60 nmol/kg kisspeptin‐54, P = 0·10 vs saline).ConclusionsA single injection of kisspeptin‐54 temporarily stimulates the number of LH pulses in healthy women. Further studies are required to investigate the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin‐54 injection to restore LH pulsatility in patients with reproductive disorders caused by impaired GnRH secretion.
Familial colorectal cancer risk assessment needs improvement for more effective cancer prevention in relatives
Authors: Dekker N. , Hermens R. P. M. G. , Nagengast F. M. , van Zelst‐Stams W. A. G. , Hoogerbrugge N. ,   The RISCO study group
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTwelve to thirty % of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and relatives with an increased familial risk of CRC are referred for preventive measures. New guidelines recommend genetic counselling for high‐risk families and surveillance colonoscopy for moderate‐risk families. Assessment of familial risk of CRC and referral rates for these preventive measures were determined 1 year after the introduction of new guidelines.MethodAssessment of familial risk of CRC and referral for preventive measures were measured in clinical practice among 358 patients with CRC in 18 hospitals using medical records and questionnaires. Additionally, a knowledge survey was performed among 312 clinicians.ResultsSixty‐seven % of patients with an increased familial risk (n = 65/97) were referred for preventive measures, as were 23% (61/261) of low‐risk patients. The uptake of genetic counselling in high‐risk families was 33% (12/36). The uptake of surveillance colonoscopy in moderate‐risk families was 34% (21/61). In the knowledge survey clinicians correctly determined familial risk in 55% and preventive measures in 65% of cases.ConclusionCurrently 67% of individuals with an increased familial risk of CRC were referred for preventive measures. Only one‐third were referred in accordance with guidelines.
Does sacral nerve stimulation improve global pelvic function in women?
Authors: Jadav A. M. , Wadhawan H. , Jones G. L. , Wheldon L. W. , Radley S. C. , Brown S. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimMany women undergoing sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence have coexisting pelvic floor dysfunction. We used a global pelvic‐floor assessment questionnaire to evaluate the effect of sacral neuromodulation on non‐bowel related symptomatology.MethodThe electronic Personnel Assessment Questionnaire – Pelvic Floor (ePAQ‐PF) is a validated Web‐based electronic pelvic floor questionnaire. Women with faecal incontinence underwent assessment using the ePAQ. Pre‐ and poststimulator data were analysed over a 4.5‐year period.ResultsForty‐three women (mean age 56.5 years; median follow up 6.8 months) were included. All (100%) had urinary symptoms, 81.4% had vaginal symptoms and 85.7% described some sexual dysfunction. There was a significant improvement in faecal incontinence and in bowel‐related quality of life (P < 0.005) as well as in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)‐related symptoms (P < 0.01) and in bowel‐related sexual heath (P < 0.01). Symptoms of vaginal prolapse significantly improved (P = 0.05). There was also improvement in symptoms of overactive bladder (P = 0.005) and in urinary‐related quality of life (P < 0.05). A global health improvement was reported in 58.1%, mainly in bowel evacuation (P < 0.01) and in vaginal pain and sensation (P < 0.05). In sexually active female patients, significant improvements in vaginal and bowel‐related sexual health were seen (P < 0.005). Improvement in general sex life following stimulation was reported in 53.3%.ConclusionA Web‐based electronic pelvic‐floor assessment questionnaire has demonstrated global improvement in pelvic floor function in bowel, urinary, vaginal and sexual dimensions in women following sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence.
Rapid Invasive Species Detection by Combining Environmental DNA with Light Transmission Spectroscopy
Authors: Egan Scott P. , Barnes Matthew A. , Hwang Ching‐Ting , Mahon Andrew R. , Feder Jeffery L. , Ruggiero Steven T. , Tanner Carol E. , Lodge David M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInvasive aquatic species introductions cause tremendous environmental and economic damage. Conservation and management efforts will benefit from rapid, inexpensive, and accurate on‐site methods to detect harmful aquatic species to prevent their introduction and spread. Here, two technologies, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling and Light Transmission Spectroscopy (LTS), were combined to address this need. Specifically, eDNA filtering and extraction methods were used to isolate DNA from: (1) lake water samples that were seeded with a microscopic fragment of five high‐risk invasive species and (2) untreated samples from lakes infested with the invasive zebra mussel,Dreissena polymorpha, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. LTS was then used to detect size shifts resulting from hybridization of PCR products with nanobeads covered with species‐specific oligonucleotide probes. The results demonstrate that coupling eDNA sampling with LTS species detection can provide a sensitive and real‐time solution for screening real‐world water samples for invasive species.
Impact of post‐kidney transplant parathyroidectomy on allograft function
Authors: Parikh Samir , Nagaraja Haikady , Agarwal Anil , Samavedi Srinivas , Von Visger Jon , Nori Uday , Andreoni Kenneth , Pesavento Todd , Singh Neeraj 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of parathyroidectomy on allograft function in kidney transplant patients is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study of all kidney transplant recipients from 1988 to 2008 who underwent parathyroidectomy for uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (n = 32). Post‐parathyroidectomy, changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and graft loss were recorded. Cross‐sectional associations at baseline between eGFR and serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and associations between their changes within subjects during the first two months post‐parathyroidectomy were assessed.ResultsPost‐parathyroidectomy, the mean eGFR declined from 51.19 mL/min/1.73 m2 at parathyroidectomy to 44.78 mL/min/1.73 m2 at two months (p < 0.0001). Subsequently, graft function improved, and by 12 months, mean eGFR recovered to 49.76 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.035). Decrease in serum PTH was accompanied by a decrease in eGFR (p = 0.0127) in the first two months post‐parathyroidectomy. Patients whose eGFR declined by ≥20% (group 1) in the first two months post‐parathyroidectomy were distinguished from the patients whose eGFR declined by <20% (group 2). The two groups were similar except that group 1 had a higher baseline mean serum PTH compared with group 2, although not significant (1046.7 ± 1034.2 vs. 476.6 ± 444.9, p = 0.14). In group 1, eGFR declined at an average rate of 32% (p < 0.0001) during the first month post‐parathyroidectomy compared with 7% (p = 0.1399) in group 2, and the difference between these two groups was significant (p = 0.0003). The graft function recovered in both groups by one yr. During median follow‐up of 66.00 ± 49.45 months, 6 (18%) patients lost their graft with a mean time to graft loss from parathyroidectomy of 37.2 ± 21.6 months. The causes of graft loss were rejection (n = 2), pyelonephritis (n = 1) and chronic allograft nephropathy (n = 3). No graft loss occurred during the first‐year post‐surgery.ConclusionParathyroidectomy may lead to transient kidney allograft dysfunction with eventual recovery of graft function by 12 months post‐parathyroidectomy. Higher level of serum PTH pre‐parathyoidectomy is associated with a more profound decrease in eGFR post‐parathyroidectomy.