bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Redox Processes for the Controlled Synthesis of Metal Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Kirkeminde Alec , Spurlin Stan , Draxler‐Sixta Laura , Cooper Jamie , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNanocrystalline metals have received widespread interest and found various applications owing to their magnetic and catalytic properties and in energy‐related fields. A flexible approach for the growth of nanoalloys with controlled properties and well‐defined structures on the atomic scale is thus greatly desired. A new synthetic method that avoids incompatible reduction potentials and rates would be critical to grow metal nanostructures with high purities and the desired stoichiometries. A metal‐redox strategy that employs spontaneous oxidation/reduction reactions to grow nanocrystalline alloys using molecular‐scale zerovalent metal precursors is now described. The selection of suitable zerovalent metal species allows for thermodynamic control of the compositional stoichiometry during the temperature‐dependent formation of the metal alloy nanoparticles. A practical and scalable strategy for nanoalloy growth that can potentially produce key metal components of superior metallurgical quality for catalytic and magnetic systems has thus been developed.
Discrete Magnesium Hydride Aggregates: A Cationic Mg13H18 Cluster Stabilized by NNNN‐Type Macrocycles
Authors: Martin Daniel , Beckerle Klaus , Schnitzler Silvia , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLarge magnesium hydride aggregates [Mg13(Me3TACD)6(μ2‐H12)(μ3‐H6)][A]2 ((Me3TACD)H=1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane; A=AlEt4, AlnBu4, B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4) were synthesized stepwise from alkyl complexes [Mg2(Me3TACD)R3] (R=Et, nBu) and phenylsilane in the presence of additional MgII ions. The central magnesium atom is octahedrally coordinated by six hydrides as in solid α‐MgH2 of the rutile type. Further coordination to six magnesium atoms leads to a substructure of seven edge‐sharing octahedra as found in the hexagonal layer of brucite (Mg(OH)2). Upon protonolysis in the presence of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME), this cluster was degraded into a tetranuclear dication [Mg2(Me3TACD)(μ‐H)2(DME)]2[A]2.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective CC Bond Formation through CO Cleavage in Aryl Esters
Authors: Cornella Josep , Jackson Evan P. , Martin Ruben 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the first enantioselective CC bond formation through CO bond cleavage using aryl ester counterparts. This method is characterized by its wide substrate scope and results in the formation of quaternary stereogenic centers with high yields and asymmetric induction.
Trametes versicolor laccase immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) based cryogels for phenol degradation from aqueous media
Authors: Doğan Tuğba , Bayram Engin , Uzun Lokman , Şenel Serap , Denizli Adil 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aims removal of phenols in wastewater by enzymatic oxidation method. In this study, Trametes versicolor laccase was covalently immobilized onto a cryogel matrix by the nucleophilic attack of amino groups of laccase to epoxy groups of matrix. Glycidyl methacrylate was chosen as functional monomer to prepare poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) [p(HEMA‐co‐GMA)] cryogels. The enzyme immobilized matrix was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and swelling tests. The effect of pH, reaction time, temperature, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and storage period on immobilized enzyme activity was determined and compared with those of free enzyme. The model substrate was 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS). Lineweaver‐Burk plots were used to calculate Km and Vm values. Km values were 165.1 and 156.0 µM while Vm values were 55.2 µM min−1 and 1.57 µM min−1 for free and immobilized laccase, respectively. Immobilized enzyme was determined to retain 82.5% and 72.0% of the original activity, respectively, after 6 consecutive use and storage period of 4 weeks. The free enzyme retained only 24.0% of its original activity following the same storage period. Lastly, decomposition products resulting from enzymatic oxidation of a model phenolic compound (3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid) in aqueous solution were identified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41981.
Investigation of adsorption behaviors of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) from water onto the high molecular weight poly (arylene ether sulfone) with pendant carboxyl groups
Authors: Wu Xinghua , Wang Dazhi , Zhang Shaoyin , Cai Weijie , Yin Yuxin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThree types of high molecular weight polyarylether adsorbents with different molar ratios of carboxyl and phenylene were designed and synthesized through direct polycondensation in mixture solvents. The as‐prepared polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, TGA, DSC, SEM, EDS, and GPC in order to study the regularity of polymeric adsorption/thermostability performances. Because of the highest molar ratio of carboxyl and phenylene, PAES‐C‐Na presented the highest adsorption capacity of Cu2+ compared to PAESK‐C‐Na and PAES; therefore, PAES‐C‐Na was opted to study the impacts of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+. Moreover, a kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo‐second‐order model, while the thermodynamic experimental data properly fitted with the Freundlich model. The multi‐component competitive adsorption capacity followed the order Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+. Additionally, the regeneration tests indicated that PAES‐C‐Na still possessed the excellent adsorption capacity after several recycles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41984.
Ertüchtigung der Nibelungenbrücke Worms
Authors: Pelke Eberhard , Zichner Tilman 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie Ertüchtigung der Nibelungenbrücke im Verlauf der B47 über den Rhein bei Worms war eine sehr komplexe Maßnahme, da die Vorlandbrücken, deren Entstehung in den letzten Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts lag, mit einer Strombrücke, die eine der ersten im Freivorbau errichtete Spannbetonbrücke ist, verknüpft sind. Ihre Konzeption musste sich nach den noch vorhandenen und aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen weiter zu verwendenden Fundamenten der im 2. Weltkrieg zerstörten Brücke aus Stahlfachwerkbögen richten. Zudem gab es weder eine gültige Spannbetonnorm noch Richtzeichnungen für die konstruktive Durchbildung.Dieser Bericht konzentriert sich auf die eher ungewöhnlichen Baumaßnahmen zur Ertüchtigung von Strombrücke und Vorlandbrücken. Auf die “üblichen” Instandsetzungsarbeiten, wie z. B. Betonersatz, Bau eines neuen Treppenturmes oder Erneuerung von Entwässerung, Abdichtung und Belag, wird nicht eingegangen.The Improvement of the Nibelungen Bridge at WormsThe improvement of the Nibelungen Bridge crossing the river Rhine at Worms as part of the B 47 has been a very complex task due to the fact that the foreshore bridges built in the last years of the 19th century were linked to a river bridge, which is one of the first prestressed concrete bridges constructed using the cantilever method.Its conceptual design had to comply with the still existing and for economic reasons to be reused foundations of a steel framework bridge destroyed during the Second World War. Moreover, both a valid standard for prestressed concrete constructions and guidance drawings were lacking.This article concentrates on the rather extraordinary approach to improve the river bridge and the foreshore bridges. It will not enlarge on conventional rehabilitation work as e.g. concrete replacement, construction of a new stair tower or renewal of drainage, sealing and covering.
Endverankerungen bei Ertüchtigung von Brücken mit externer Vorspannung
Authors: Novák Balthasar , Pelke Eberhard , Boros Vazul , Reinhard Jochen , Berger Dieter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie Instandsetzung von bestehenden Massivbrücken durch externe Vorspannung kann eine effiziente Maßnahme der Tragwerksertüchtigung darstellen. Durch den Einbau von zusätzlichen externen Spanngliedern ist es möglich, Defizite in der Tragfähigkeit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Bauwerken zu kompensieren und dadurch eine Verlängerung der Nutzungsdauer zu erreichen. Im Rahmen einer wissenschaftlichen Abhandlung erfolgte eine systematische Analyse dieser Art von Verstärkungsmaßnahmen, um vorhandene und bisher nicht bekannte Defizite ausgeführter Ertüchtigungen im Speziellen bei den Endverankerungssystemen aufzuzeigen. Auf Basis der Erkenntnisse der Untersuchungen wurden Varianten für die Verankerung der hohen Kräfte aus externer Vorspannung erarbeitet und bereits angewandte Konzepte diskutiert und Verbesserungspotenziale aufgezeigt. Weiter wurden verschiedene Planungshilfen erstellt, um den Planungsablauf zu vereinheitlichen und zu erleichtern.Anchorages of external tendons for strengthening reinforced concrete bridgesAdditional prestressing of existing reinforced concrete bridges using external tendons represents an efficient method of structural retrofitting. The installation of external tendons leads to a reduction of deficiencies in safety, serviceability and durability, thus increasing the expected lifespan of the bridge. A scientific research project was initiated to analyze potential vulnerabilities of such measures – especially at the anchorage devices‐ , considering the insights from several recently retrofitted bridges. Based on the results from this study new concepts for the anchorage of the significant external prestressing forces into the existing superstructure are introduced. Common solutions of this detail are examined and improvements are proposed. Furthermore several tools have been developed to facilitate and standardize the planning process.
Seismische Isolierung des Gebetssaals der Großen Moschee von Algerien
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Hewener Alexander 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn Algier entsteht derzeit die drittgrößte Moschee der Welt, deren Gebetssaal für den Besuch von bis zu 32 000 Gläubigen ausgelegt wurde. Der Architekturidee von einer hohen Transparenz des Innenraums folgend wurde ein spezielles, dreidimensionales Aussteifungssystem ohne innenseitige Aussteifungselemente entworfen. Nordalgerien liegt in einer seismisch hochaktiven Zone. Zur Gewährleistung der Standsicherheit des monumentalen Bauwerks wurde eine seismische Isolierung mittels Gleitpendel‐Isolatoren gewählt. Ferner werden viskose Hydraulikdämpfer zur Reduzierung der Erdbebenverformung verwendet. Der Artikel beschreibt Erdbebenentwurf und ‐bemessung des Gebäudes und stellt die normativen Besonderheiten bei der Planung, der Ausschreibung und der Ausführung der Konstruktion gemäß Euronormen (EN) vor.Seismic Isolation of the Prayer Hall of the Great Mosque of AlgiersThe world's third largest mosque, whose prayer hall is designed for up to 32 000 believers, is presently under construction. Following the architectural idea of a high transparency inside the hall, a special three‐dimensional stiffening system without inner shear walls or bracings was designed. Northern Algeria is a strong motion area. To assure the structural safety of the monumental building a seismic isolation with sliding‐ isolation‐pendulum was chosen. Furthermore fluid viscous dampers were arranged to reduce the earthquake displacements. The article describes the earthquake design and the related calculations and presents the specialties in the design codes concerning the planning, the tender documents and the execution of the constructions according to European codes (EN).
Pomegranate juice polyphenols induce a phenotypic switch in macrophage polarization favoring a M2 anti‐inflammatory state
Authors: Aharoni Saar , Lati Yoni , Aviram Michael , Fuhrman Bianca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt was documented that pomegranate has anti‐inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated a direct effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) and its polyphenols on macrophage inflammatory phenotype. In vitro, PJ and its major polyphenols dose‐dependently attenuated macrophage response to M1 proinflammatory activation in J774.A1 macrophage‐like cell line. This was evidenced by a significant decrease in TNFα and IL‐6 secretion in response to stimulation by IFNγ and Lipopolysaccharide. In addition, PJ and punicalagin dose‐dependently promoted the macrophages toward a M2 anti‐inflammatory phenotype, as determined by a significant increase in the spontaneous secretion of IL‐10. In mice, supplementation with dietary PJ substantially inhibited the M2 to M1macrophage phenotypic shift associated with age, toward a favorable anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. This effect was also reflected in the mice atherosclerotic plaques, as evaluated by the distinct expression of arginase isoforms. PJ consumption inhibited the increment of arginase II (Arg II, M1) mRNA expression during aging, and maintained the levels of Arg I (M2) expression similar to those in young mice aorta. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that pomegranate polyphenols directly suppress macrophage inflammatory responses and promote M1 to M2 switch in macrophage phenotype. Furthermore, this study indicates that PJ consumption may inhibit the progressive proinflammatory state in the aorta along atherosclerosis development with aging, due to a switch in macrophage phenotype from proinflammatory M1to anti‐inflammatory M2. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(1):44–51, 2015
Xylan catabolism is improved by blending bioprospecting and metabolic pathway engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Sun‐Mi , Jellison Taylor , Alper Hal S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractComplete utilization of all available carbon sources in lignocellulosic biomass still remains a challenge in engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Even with efficient heterologous xylose catabolic pathways, S. cerevisiae is unable to utilize xylose in lignocellulosic biomass unless xylan is depolymerized to xylose. Here we demonstrate that a blended bioprospecting approach along with pathway engineering and evolutionary engineering can be used to improve xylan catabolism in S. cerevisiae. Specifically, we perform whole genome sequencing‐based bioprospecting of a strain with remarkable pentose catabolic potential that we isolated and named Ustilago bevomyces. The heterologous expression of xylan catabolic genes enabled S. cerevisiae to grow on xylan as a single carbon source in minimal medium. A combination of bioprospecting and metabolic pathway evolution demonstrated that the xylan catabolic pathway could be further improved. Ultimately, engineering efforts were able to achieve xylan conversion into ethanol of up to 0.22 g/L on minimal medium compositions with xylan. This pathway provides a novel starting point for improving lignocellulosic conversion by yeast.
Optimized Sleeping Beauty transposons rapidly generate stable transgenic cell lines
Authors: Kowarz Eric , Löscher Denise , Marschalek Rolf 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStable gene expression in mammalian cells is a prerequisite for many in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, either the integration of plasmids into mammalian genomes or the use of retro‐/lentiviral systems have intrinsic limitations. The use of transposable elements, e.g. the Sleeping Beauty system (SB), circumvents most of these drawbacks (integration sites, size limitations) and allows the quick generation of stable cell lines. The integration process of SB is catalyzed by a transposase and the handling of this gene transfer system is easy, fast and safe. Here, we report our improvements made to the existing SB vector system and present two new vector types for robust constitutive or inducible expression of any gene of interest. Both types are available in 16 variants with different selection marker (puromycin, hygromycin, blasticidin, neomycin) and fluorescent protein expression (GFP, RFP, BFP) to fit most experimental requirements. With this system it is possible to generate cell lines from stable transfected cells quickly and reliably in a medium‐throughput setting (three to five days). Cell lines robustly express any gene‐of‐interest, either constitutively or tightly regulated by doxycycline. This allows many laboratory experiments to speed up generation of data in a rapid and robust manner.
Influenza A M2 protein conformation depends on choice of model membrane
Authors: Saotome Kei , Duong‐Ly Krisna C. , Howard Kathleen P. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWhile crystal and NMR structures exist of the influenza A M2 protein, there is disagreement between models. Depending on the requirements of the technique employed, M2 has been studied in a range of membrane mimetics including detergent micelles and membrane bilayers differing in lipid composition. The use of different model membranes complicates the integration of results from published studies necessary for an overall understanding of the M2 protein. Here we show using site‐directed spin‐label EPR spectroscopy (SDSL‐EPR) that the conformations of M2 peptides in membrane bilayers are clearly influenced by the lipid composition of the bilayers. Altering the bilayer thickness or the lateral pressure profile within the bilayer membrane changes the M2 conformation observed. The multiple M2 peptide conformations observed here, and in other published studies, optimistically may be considered conformations that are sampled by the protein at various stages during influenza infectivity. However, care should be taken that the heterogeneity observed in published structures is not simply an artifact of the choice of the model membrane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 405–411, 2015.
Substantiating Byzantium: The role of artifacts in the co‐construction of narratives
Authors: Chronis Athinodoros 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcknowledging the abundance of narrative elements in servicescapes and anchored on the premise that consumption experiences are co‐constructed, this research extends existing servicescapes scholarship by theorizing the role of material objects in the co‐construction of narratives at storyscapes, that is, those servicescapes where narratives are at the center stage of the consumption experience. Using a museum exhibition of Byzantine heritage in Thessaloniki, Greece, the findings provide insight on the way in which consumers engage and “read” material artifacts in narrative co‐construction. The emergent framework theorizes consumer participation as narrative substantiation and sheds light on its four constitutive narrative‐construction processes (completing, relating, recontextualizing, and imagining) and on the ways in which consumers anchor these processes on artifact's materiality (artifactual knowledge, practicalness, intermateriality, and realness). Furthermore, this research offers an alternative approach to the existing language analogy according to which objects have their own voice and rhetoric. I see objects, instead, as contributing an evocative engagement according to which consumers unpack objects not only in their reference to the servicescape narrative but also in reference to their own personal and collective lives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A difficult diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma due to immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Marino Silvia , Di Cataldo Andrea , Magro Gaetano , D'Amico Salvatore , La Spina Milena , Di Benedetto Vincenzo , Meli Mariaclaudia , Moscheo Carla , Russo Giovanna 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe report a rare clinical presentation of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma with immune thrombocytopenia. Diagnostic biopsy of the abdominal mass was performed after administration of intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids, and platelet transfusion. Concomitant thrombocytopenia complicated the whole diagnosis work up and the initial management of neoplasia.
Moyamoya disease and pregnancy: case reports and criteria for successful vaginal delivery
Authors: Sei Kiguna , Sasa Hidenori , Furuya Kenichi 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageBased on our experience with seven deliveries (five cesarean and two vaginal deliveries) in five women with Moyamoya disease, we discussed the appropriate method of delivery and anesthesia for patients with Moyamoya disease. In certain conditions, women with Moyamoya disease can successfully undergo vaginal delivery.
Does Fluorine Participate in Halogen Bonding?
Authors: Eskandari Kiamars , Lesani Mina 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen R is sufficiently electron withdrawing, the fluorine in the RF molecules could interact with electron donors (e.g., ammonia) and form a noncovalent bond (F⋅⋅⋅N). Although these interactions are usually categorized as halogen bonding, our studies show that there are fundamental differences between these interactions and halogen bonds. Although the anisotropic distribution of electronic charge around a halogen is responsible for halogen bond formations, the electronic charge around the fluorine in these molecules is spherical. According to source function analysis, F is the sink of electron density at the F⋅⋅⋅N BCP, whereas other halogens are the source. In contrast to halogen bonds, the F⋅⋅⋅N interactions cannot be regarded as lump–hole interactions; there is no hole in the valence shell charge concentration (VSCC) of fluorine. Although the quadruple moment of Cl and Br is mainly responsible for the existence of σ‐holes, it is negligibly small in the fluorine. Here, the atomic dipole moment of F plays a stabilizing role in the formation of F⋅⋅⋅N bonds. Interacting quantum atoms (IQA) analysis indicates that the interaction between halogen and nitrogen in the halogen bonds is attractive, whereas it is repulsive in the F⋅⋅⋅N interactions. Virial‐based atomic energies show that the fluorine, in contrast to Cl and Br, stabilize upon complex formation. According to these differences, it seems that the F⋅⋅⋅N interactions should be referred to as “fluorine bond” instead of halogen bond.
Photoreversible Prodrugs and Protags: Switching the Release of Maleimides by Using Light under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Göstl Robert , Hecht Stefan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA water‐soluble furyl‐substituted diarylethene derivative has been prepared that can undergo reversible Diels–Alder reactions with maleimides to yield photoswitchable Diels–Alder adducts. Employing bioorthogonal visible light, the release of therapeutically effective concentrations of maleimide‐based reactive inhibitors or labels from these “prodrugs” or “protags” could be photoreversibly triggered in buffered, aqueous solution at body temperature. It is shown how the release properties can be fine‐tuned and a thorough investigation of the release dynamics is presented. Our system should allow for spatiotemporal control over the inhibition and labeling of specific protein targets and is ready to be surveyed in living organisms.
Total and Semi‐Syntheses of Antimicrobial Thuggacin Derivatives
Authors: Franke Jana , Bock Martin , Dehn Richard , Fohrer Jörg , Mhaske Santosh B. , Migliorini Antonella , Kanakis Argyrios A. , Jansen Rolf , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe total and semi‐synthesis of 13 new macrolactones derived from thuggacin, which is a secondary metabolite from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, are reported. The thuggacins have attracted much attention due to their strong antibacterial activity, particularly towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study focuses on 1) thuggacin derivatives that cannot equilibrate by transacylation between the three natural thuggacins A–C, 2) the roles of the thiazole ring, and 3) the hexyl side chain at C2. Semi‐synthetic O‐methylation at C17 suppressed the transacylations without a substantial loss of antibacterial activity. Exchanging the C17–C25 side chain for simplified hydrophobic chains led to complete loss of antibacterial activity. Exchange of the thiazole by an oxazole ring or removal of the hexyl side chain at C2 had no substantial effect on the biological properties.