bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between intrinsic and acquired resistance to quinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: García‐León Guillermo , Salgado Fabiola , Oliveros Juan Carlos , Sánchez María Blanca , Martínez José Luis 
Published: January 2014

SummaryTo analyse whether the mutation‐driven resistance‐acquisition potential of a given bacterium might be a function of its intrinsic resistome, quinolones were used as selective agents and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was chosen as a bacterial model. S. maltophilia has two elements – SmQnr and SmeDEF – that are important in intrinsic resistance to quinolones. Using a battery of mutants in which either or both of these elements had been removed, the apparent mutation frequency for quinolone resistance and the phenotype of the selected mutants were found to be related to the intrinsic resistome and also depended on the concentration of the selector. Most mutants had phenotypes compatible with the overexpression of multidrug efflux pump(s); SmeDEF overexpression was the most common cause of quinolone resistance. Whole genome sequencing showed that mutations of the SmeRv regulator, which result in the overexpression of the efflux pump SmeVWX, are the cause of quinolone resistance in mutants not overexpressing SmeDEF. These results indicate that the development of mutation‐driven antibiotic resistance is highly dependent on the intrinsic resistome, which, at least for synthetic antibiotics such as quinolones, did not develop as a response to the presence of antibiotics in the natural ecosystems in which S. maltophilia evolved.
Sustained multiplicity in everyday cholesterol reduction: repertoires and practices in talk about ‘healthy living’
Authors: Will Catherine M. , Weiner Kate 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article is concerned with talk about and the practices of healthy living in relation to cholesterol reduction. It draws on qualitative interviews with 89 people who are current or former users of either cholesterol‐lowering functional foods or statins for cardiovascular risk reduction. Focusing on data about everyday activities including food preparation, shopping and exercise, we illustrate four repertoires that feature in talk about cholesterol reduction (health, pleasure, sociality and pragmatism). Using Gilbert and Mulkay's notion of a ‘reconciliation device’, we suggest ways in which apparently contradictory repertoires are combined (for example, through talk about moderation) or kept apart. We suggest that, in contrast to the interactiveness of the repertoires of health and pleasure, a pragmatic repertoire concerning food provisioning, storage and cooking as well as the realities of exercise, appears distinct from talk about health and is relatively inert. Finally we consider the implications of these discursive patterns for daily practices. Our data suggest there is little emphasis on coherence in people's practices and illustrate the significance of temporal, spatial and social distribution in allowing people to pursue different priorities in their everyday lives. Rather than the calculated trade‐offs of earlier medical sociology we draw on Mol to foreground the possibility of sustained multiplicity in daily practices.
How do values shape technology design? An exploration of what makes the pursuit of health and wealth legitimate in academic spin‐offs
Authors: Lehoux Pascale , Daudelin Geneviève , Hivon Myriam , Miller Fiona Alice , Denis Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBy actively supporting cooperation between academia, clinical settings and industry, several policy initiatives assume that the two policy agendas of health and wealth can be reconciled through the development of health technology. Our goal in this article is to shed light on the way the concurrent pursuit of health and wealth operates in practice by examining the valuation schemes, actions and decisions that shaped technology development in three Canadian spin‐offs. Drawing on the sociology of judgement, our analytical framework conceives of technology development as a purposive collective action that unfolds in a normatively heterogeneous context (one pervaded with both corporate and public service mission values and norms). Our qualitative empirical analyses explore four valuation schemes and their corresponding regimes of engagement that characterise why and how technology developers commit themselves to addressing certain clinical, interactional, organisational and economic concerns throughout the development process. Our discussion suggests that the ability to reconcile health and wealth goals is to be found in the moral repertoires that provide meaning to, and render coherent technology developers' participation in corporate activities driven by economic growth.
A relational approach to health practices: towards transcending the agency‐structure divide
Authors: Veenstra Gerry , Burnett Patrick John 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany health scholars find that Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice leaves too little room for individual agency. We contend that, by virtue of its relational, field‐theoretic underpinnings, the idea of leaving room for agency in Bourdieu's theory of practice is misguided. With agency manifested in interactions and social structures consisting of relations built upon relations, the stark distinction between agency and structure inherent to substantialist thinking is undermined, even dissolved, in a relational field‐theoretic context. We also contend that, when treated as relationally bound phenomena, Bourdieu's notions of habitus, doxa, capital and field illuminate creative, adaptive and future‐looking practices. We conclude by discussing difficulties inherent to implementing a relational theory of practice in health promotion and public health.
Maternal and newborn outcomes among women with schizophrenia: a retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Vigod SN , Kurdyak PA , Dennis CL , Gruneir A , Newman A , Seeman MV , Rochon PA , Anderson GM , Grigoriadis S , Ray JG 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveMore women with schizophrenia are becoming pregnant, such that contemporary data are needed about maternal and newborn outcomes in this potentially vulnerable group. We aimed to quantify maternal and newborn health outcomes among women with schizophrenia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation based in Ontario, Canada, from 2002 to 2011.PopulationOntario women aged 15–49 years who gave birth to a liveborn or stillborn singleton infant.MethodsWomen with schizophrenia (n = 1391) were identified based on either an inpatient diagnosis or two or more outpatient physician service claims for schizophrenia within 5 years prior to conception. The reference group comprised 432 358 women without diagnosed mental illness within the 5 years preceding conception in the index pregnancy.Main outcome measuresThe primary maternal outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, and venous thromboembolism. The primary neonatal outcomes were preterm birth, and small and large birthweight for gestational age (SGA and LGA). Secondary outcomes included additional key perinatal health indicators.ResultsSchizophrenia was associated with a higher risk of pre‐eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.28–2.66), venous thromboembolism (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.85), preterm birth (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.46–2.08), SGA (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19–1.86), and LGA (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–1.99). Women with schizophrenia also required more intensive hospital resources, including operative delivery and admission to a maternal intensive care unit, paralleled by higher neonatal morbidity.ConclusionsWomen with schizophrenia are at higher risk of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes, paralleled by higher neonatal morbidity. Attention should focus on interventions to reduce the identified health disparities.
Public Equity and Audit Pricing in the United States
Authors: BADERTSCHER BRAD , JORGENSEN BJORN , KATZ SHARON , KINNEY WILLIAM 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo what degree are audit fees for U.S. firms with publicly traded equity higher than fees for otherwise similar firms with private equity? The answer is potentially important for evaluating regulatory regime design efficiency and for understanding audit demand and production economics. For U.S. firms with publicly traded debt, we hold constant the regulatory regime, including mandated issuer reporting and auditor responsibilities. We vary equity ownership and thus public securities market contextual factors, including any related public firm audit fees from increased audit effort to reduce audit litigation risk and/or pure litigation risk premium (litigation channel effects). In cross‐section, we find that audit fees for public equity firms are 20–22% higher than fees for otherwise similar private equity firms. Time‐series comparisons for firms that change ownership status yield larger percentage fee increases (decreases) for those going public (private). Results are consistent with litigation channel effects giving rise to substantial incremental audit fees for U.S. firms with public equity ownership.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Lipid Carriers Containing Microalgae Oil for Food Applications
Authors: Wang Jia‐Li , Dong Xu‐Yan , Wei Fang , Zhong Juan , Liu Bo , Yao Ming‐Hao , Yang Mei , Zheng Chang , Quek Siew‐Young , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis work investigated the suitability of lipid carriers as potential encapsulation method to improve the physical and chemical stability of microalgae oil high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Lipid carriers with various oil contents were successfully prepared by a microfluidization method using stearic acid as solid lipid, microalgae oil as liquid lipid, and poloxamer 188 as surfactant. Results show that the mean particle diameter of the lipid carriers was in the range of 300 to 350 nm with the polydispersity index below 0.2. The lipid carriers were found to have spherical shape when examined under the transmission electron microscope. Data from the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity indicate high distribution of microalgae oil throughout the lipid carriers and good physical stability as reflected by the particle size and size distribution during storage. Furthermore, the lower DPPH scavenging activity of lipid carriers compared with that of free microalgae oil suggests better chemical stability of microalgae oil encapsulated in lipid carriers. The addition of microalgae oil into lipid phase could disturb the crystalline order and form lattice defects to enable encapsulation of DHA as revealed by the results from differential scanning calorimetery. Current results suggest that this type of novel lipid carriers could be an efficient and promising carrier system for delivery of microalgae oil.
Determination of Caffeine, Myosmine, and Nicotine in Chocolate by Headspace Solid‑Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography‑Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Müller Christoph , Vetter Florian , Richter Elmar , Bracher Franz 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe occurrence of the bioactive components caffeine (xanthine alkaloid), myosmine and nicotine (pyridine alkaloids) in different edibles and plants is well known, but the content of myosmine and nicotine is still ambiguous in milk/dark chocolate. Therefore, a sensitive method for determination of these components was established, a simple separation of the dissolved analytes from the matrix, followed by headspace solid‑phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HS‑SPME‑GC‑MS/MS). This is the first approach for simultaneous determination of caffeine, myosmine, and nicotine with a convenient SPME technique. Calibration curves were linear for the xanthine alkaloid (250 to 3000 mg/kg) and the pyridine alkaloids (0.000125 to 0.003000 mg/kg). Residuals of the calibration curves were lower than 15%, hence the limits of detection were set as the lowest points of the calibration curves. The limits of detection calculated from linearity data were for caffeine 216 mg/kg, for myosmine 0.000110 mg/kg, and for nicotine 0.000120 mg/kg. Thirty samples of 5 chocolate brands with varying cocoa contents (30% to 99%) were analyzed in triplicate. Caffeine and nicotine were detected in all samples of chocolate, whereas myosmine was not present in any sample. The caffeine content ranged from 420 to 2780 mg/kg (relative standard deviation 0.1 to 11.5%) and nicotine from 0.000230 to 0.001590 mg/kg (RSD 2.0 to 22.1%).
Potential of Medicinal Plants as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents in Food Industry: A Hypothesis
Authors: Ortega‐Ramirez Luis Alberto , Rodriguez‐Garcia Isela , Leyva Juan Manuel , Cruz‐Valenzuela Manuel Reynaldo , Silva‐Espinoza Brenda Adriana , Gonzalez‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Siddiqui Md Wasim , Ayala‐Zavala Jesus Fernando 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany food preservation strategies can be used for the control of microbial spoilage and oxidation; however, these quality problems are not yet controlled adequately. Although synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant agents are approved in many countries, the use of natural safe and effective preservatives is a demand of food consumers and producers. This paper proposes medicinal plants, traditionally used to treat health disorders and prevent diseases, as a source of bioactive compounds having food additive properties. Medicinal plants are rich in terpenes and phenolic compounds that present antimicrobial and antioxidant properties; in addition, the literature revealed that these bioactive compounds extracted from other plants have been effective in food systems. In this context, the present hypothesis paper states that bioactive molecules extracted from medicinal plants can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives in the food industry.
Development of SNP‐genotyping arrays in two shellfish species
Authors: Lapègue S. , Harrang E. , Heurtebise S. , Flahauw E. , Donnadieu C. , Gayral P. , Ballenghien M. , Genestout L. , Barbotte L. , Mahla R. , Haffray P. , Klopp C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUse of SNPs has been favoured due to their abundance in plant and animal genomes, accompanied by the falling cost and rising throughput capacity for detection and genotyping. Here, we present in vitro (obtained from targeted sequencing) and in silico discovery of SNPs, and the design of medium‐throughput genotyping arrays for two oyster species, the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. Two sets of 384 SNP markers were designed for two Illumina GoldenGate arrays and genotyped on more than 1000 samples for each species. In each case, oyster samples were obtained from wild and selected populations and from three‐generation families segregating for traits of interest in aquaculture. The rate of successfully genotyped polymorphic SNPs was about 60% for each species. Effects of SNP origin and quality on genotyping success (Illumina functionality Score) were analysed and compared with other model and nonmodel species. Furthermore, a simulation was made based on a subset of the C. gigas SNP array with a minor allele frequency of 0.3 and typical crosses used in shellfish hatcheries. This simulation indicated that at least 150 markers were needed to perform an accurate parental assignment. Such panels might provide valuable tools to improve our understanding of the connectivity between wild (and selected) populations and could contribute to future selective breeding programmes.
An American mink (Neovison vison) transcriptome
Authors: Christensen Knud , Anistoroaei Razvan 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHiSeq2000 Illumina pair‐end sequenced transcript data originating from a pool of four different tissues of a wild‐type American mink yielded approximately 90 Gb of raw data. Subsequently, unique contigs were assembled by a combined approach using velvet and phrap. Of these assembled contigs, about 136 000 match the dog genome and nearly 30 000 contigs match the human transcriptome at more than 17 000 unique gene locations. Gene annotation for these contigs was performed employing custom‐made scripts run in combination with comparative sequence similarity search and alignment in the dog and human genome using blast algorithms. Transcripts representing five genes known to be associated with pigmentation were reliably aligned against large mink genomic contigs derived from BAC clones. Sequence comparison between transcript and genomic data revealed seven SNPs. In this study, we generated and annotated mink transcript sequences representing more than 16 000 known genes. This is the first comprehensive transcriptome for the American mink genome, which will facilitate further development in mink expression profiling studies and provide a good annotation basis in the perspectives of a whole genome sequencing project. The project was deposited at EMBL database with the accession number PRJEB1260.
High‐throughput SNP discovery in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) genome by next‐generation semiconductor‐based sequencing
Authors: Bertolini F. , Schiavo G. , Scotti E. , Ribani A. , Martelli P. L. , Casadio R. , Fontanesi L. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a domesticated species with one of the broadest ranges of economic and scientific applications and fields of investigation. Rabbit genome information and assembly are available (oryCun2.0), but so far few studies have investigated its variability, and massive discovery of polymorphisms has not been published yet for this species. Here, we sequenced two reduced representation libraries (RRLs) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the rabbit genome. Genomic DNA of 10 rabbits belonging to different breeds was pooled and digested with two restriction enzymes (HaeIII and RsaI) to create two RRLs which were sequenced using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. The two RRLs produced 2 917 879 and 4 046 871 reads, for a total of 280.51 Mb (248.49 Mb with quality >20) and 417.28 Mb (360.89 Mb with quality >20) respectively of sequenced DNA. About 90% and 91% respectively of the obtained reads were mapped on the rabbit genome, covering a total of 15.82% of the oryCun2.0 genome version. The mapping and ad hoc filtering procedures allowed to reliably call 62 491 SNPs. SNPs in a few genomic regions were validated by Sanger sequencing. The Variant Effect Predictor Web tool was used to map SNPs on the current version of the rabbit genome. The obtained results will be useful for many applied and basic research programs for this species and will contribute to the development of cost‐effective solutions for high‐throughput SNP genotyping in the rabbit.
Postoperative nomogram to predict cancer‐specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with localised and/or locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma without metastasis
Authors: Seisen Thomas , Colin Pierre , Hupertan Vincent , Yates David R. , Xylinas Evanguelos , Nison Laurent , Cussenot Olivier , Neuzillet Yann , Bensalah Karim , Novara Giacomo , Montorsi Francesco , Zigeuner Richard , Remzi Mesut , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rouprêt Morgan 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo propose and validate a nomogram to predict cancer‐specific survival (CSS) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in patients with pT1–3/N0–x upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsThe international and the French national collaborative groups on UTUC pooled data from 3387 patients treated with RNU. Only 2233 chemotherapy naïve pT1–3/N0–x patients were included in the present study. The population was randomly split into the development cohort (1563) and the external validation cohort (670). To build the nomogram, logistic regressions were used for univariable and multivariable analyses. Different models were generated. The most accurate model was assessed using Harrell's concordance index and decision curve analysis (DCA). Internal validation was then performed by bootstrapping. Finally, the nomogram was calibrated and externally validated in the external dataset.ResultsOf the 1563 patients in the nomogram development cohort, 309 (19.7%) died during follow‐up from UTUC. The actuarial CSS probability at 5 years was 75.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.2–78.6%). DCA revealed that the use of the best model was associated with benefit gains relative to prediction of CSS. The optimised nomogram included only six variables associated with CSS in multivariable analysis: age (P < 0.001), pT stage (P < 0.001), grade (P < 0.02), location (P < 0.001), architecture (P < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the nomogram was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78–0.85). Limitations included the retrospective study design and the lack of a central pathological review.ConclusionAn accurate postoperative nomogram was developed to predict CSS after RNU only in locally and/or locally advanced UTUC without metastasis, where the decision for adjuvant treatment is controversial but crucial for the oncological outcome.
Detection of the index tumour and tumour volume in prostate cancer using T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone
Authors: Rud Erik , Klotz Dagmar , Rennesund Kristin , Baco Eduard , Berge Viktor , Lien Diep , Svindland Aud , Lundeby Eskild , Berg Rolf E. , Eri Lars M. , Eggesbø Heidi B. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the performance of T2‐weighted (T2W) and diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting the index tumour in patients with prostate cancer and to examine the agreement between MRI and histology when assessing tumour volume (TV) and overall tumour burden.Patients and MethodsThe study included 199 consecutive patients with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer randomised to MRI before radical prostatectomy from December 2009 to July 2012. MRI‐detected tumours (MRTs) were ranked from 1 to 3 according to decreasing volume and were compared with histologically detected tumours (HTs) ranked from 1 to 3, with HT 1 = index tumour. Whole‐mount section histology was used as a reference standard. The TVs of true‐positive MRTs (MRTVs 1–3) were compared with the TVs found by histology (HTVs 1–3). All tumours were registered on a 30‐sector map and by classifying each sector as positive/negative, the rate of true‐positive and ‐negative sectors was calculated.ResultsThe detection rate for the HT 1 (index tumour) was 92%; HT 2, 45%; and HT 3, 37%. The MRTV 1–3 vs the HTV 1–3 were 2.8 mL vs 4.0 mL (index tumour, P < 0.001), 1.0 mL vs 0.9 mL (tumour 2, P = 0.413), and 0.6 mL vs 0.5 mL (tumour 3, P = 0.492). The rate of true‐positive and ‐negative sectors was 50% and 88%, κ = 0.39.ConclusionA combination of T2W and DW MRI detects the index tumour in 92% of cases, although MRI underestimates both TV and tumour burden compared with histology.