bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why religion is better conceived as a complex system than a norm-enforcing institution
Authors: Sosis Richard , Kiper Jordan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough religions, as Smaldino demonstrates, provide informative examples of culturally evolved group-level traits, they are more accurately analyzed as complex adaptive systems than as norm-enforcing institutions. An adaptive systems approach to religion not only avoids various shortcomings of institutional approaches, but also offers additional explanatory advantages regarding the cultural evolution of group-level traits that emerge from religion.
Replicators, lineages, and interactors
Authors: Taylor Daniel J. , Bryson Joanna J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe target article argues that whole groups can act as interactors in an evolutionary process. We believe that Smaldino's discussion would be advanced by a more thorough analysis of the appropriate replicators and lineages for this model. We show that cultural evolution is necessarily a separate process from cultural group selection, and we also illustrate that the two processes may influence each other as demonstrated by an agent-based model of communicating food-processing skills.
The collaborative emergence of group cognition
Authors: Theiner Georg , Sutton John 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe extend Smaldino's approach to collaboration and social organization in cultural evolution to include cognition. By showing how recent work on emergent group-level cognition can be incorporated within Smaldino's framework, we extend that framework's scope to encompass collaborative memory, decision making, and intelligent action. We argue that beneficial effects arise only in certain forms of cognitive interdependence, in surprisingly fragile conditions.
Group-level traits emerge
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMost commentators supported the thesis of the target article, though there were also those who were less fully persuaded. I will begin with a response to the most critical commentaries. First, I will justify an evolutionary perspective that includes group organization and nongenetic inheritance. Next, I will discuss the concept of emergence. Following that, I will transition to an exploration of ideas and concerns brought up by some of the more supportive commentators. This will include a discussion of different types of groups; the psychology of group-level traits; the uses and limitations of an institutional perspective; the link between transmission, adaptation, and selection; current and future methodologies; and the variety of fields that may benefit from a group-level traits perspective.
Differences in growth rate, body condition, habitat use and food availability between island and mainland lizard populations ofAnolis nebulosusin Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Siliceo-Cantero Héctor Hugo , García Andrés 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Lizards of the genusAnolishave been widely studied, however, little is known about the effects of environmental seasonality, food availability and geographic isolation on body condition, growth rate and habitat use of lizards. The existence of an insular and a continental population ofAnolis nebulosus(clouded anole), separated by only 0.47 km, represents an ideal opportunity to address this topic. We compared seasonal fluctuations in food availability (arthropod density) for anoles, as well as body condition, growth rate and habitat use in the two populations. Food availability throughout the year was sampled every 2 mo by trapping arthropods at each site. Lizards were also monitored and measured every 2 mo by surveying three quadrats in each site over 2 y giving a total of 30 visits for each quadrat. Results suggested that composition and density of food supply was similar for the two populations. Nevertheless, food supply responded to seasonality of rainfall, with an increase of 1.5 times during the rainy season. Despite similarity in food availability, insular anoles had body condition that was 5–10 times better, with growth rate twice as fast, and used similar perches. The role of predation, and inter- and intraspecific competition are discussed as possible drivers.
Vitamin B12serostatus in Colombian children and adult women: results from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Herrán Oscar F , Ward Julia B , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveVitamin B12deficiency is associated with many adverse health outcomes and is highly prevalent worldwide. The present study assesses the prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian children and women and examines the sociodemographic correlates of serum vitamin B12concentrations in these groups.DesignCross-sectional, nationally representative survey.SettingColombia.SubjectsChildren <18 years old (n7243), pregnant women (n1781), and non-pregnant women 18–49 years old (n499).ResultsThe overall prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency (serum vitamin B12<148 pmol/l) and marginal deficiency (serum vitamin B12=148–221 pmol/l) was, respectively, 6·6 % (95 % CI 5·2 %, 8·3 %) and 22·5 % (95 % CI 21·1 %, 23·9 %). Pregnant women had the highest prevalence of deficiency (18·9 %; 95 % CI 16·6 %, 21·5 %) compared with non-pregnant adult women (18·5 %; 95 % CI 4·4 %, 53·1 %) and children (2·8 %; 95 % CI 2·3 % %, 3·3 %). In multivariable analyses among children, mean serum vitamin B12was positively associated with female sex (12 pmol/l higher compared with males;P=0·004), secondary or higher education of the household head (12 pmol/l higher compared with primary or less;P=0·009) and food security (21 pmol/l higher compared with severe food insecurity;P=0·003). In multivariable analyses among pregnant women, mean serum vitamin B12was positively associated with education of the household head and inversely associated with living in the National territories, Eastern or Pacific regions.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian women and children is substantial. The burden falls largely on adult women, those with lowest education and those living in the poorest, most rural regions of the country.
UNTHINKING RACIAL REALISM: A FUTURE FOR REPARATIONS?1
Authors: Balfour Lawrie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractConsidered costly, divisive, and backward-looking, reparations for slavery and Jim Crow appear to have no place in the politics of the “postracial epoch.” This essay proposes that the dismissal of reparations concedes too much. First, I contend that the conjunction of postracial discourse, on the one hand, and deepening racial inequalities, on the other, demands a counter-language, one that ties the analysis of the present to the historical conditions out of which it was produced. I explore reparations as a political language that (1) situates political claims within the historical framework of slavery, reconstruction, and segregation; (2) links past to present to future in its demand for concrete forms of redress; and (3) has played an important role in African American political life and in contemporary democracies in transition. Second, in contrast to much of the reparations scholarship, I focus on the demands of democracy rather than justice. Doing so both helps to evade some of the technical questions that have prevented full consideration of the political work of reparations and provides a vehicle for redefining both governmental and civic responsibility in the shadow of slavery and Jim Crow.
Ataxia telangiectasia derived iPS cells show preserved x-ray sensitivity and decreased chromosomal instability
Authors: Fukawatase Yoshihiro , Toyoda Masashi , Okamura Kohji , Nakamura Ken-ichi , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Takada Shuji , Yamazaki-Inoue Mayu , Masuda Akira , Nasu Michiyo , Hata Kenichiro , Hanaoka Kazunori , Higuchi Akon , Takubo Kaiyo , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia is a neurodegenerative inherited disease with chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. iPS cells lacking ATM (AT-iPS cells) exhibited hypersensitivity to X-ray irradiation, one of the characteristics of the disease. While parental ataxia telangiectasia cells exhibited significant chromosomal abnormalities, AT-iPS cells did not show any chromosomal instability in vitro for at least 80 passages (560 days). Whole exome analysis also showed a comparable nucleotide substitution rate in AT-iPS cells. Taken together, these data show that ATM is involved in protection from irradiation-induced cell death.
Model Choice and Size Distribution: A Bayequentist Approach
Authors: Engler John‐Oliver , Baumgärtner Stefan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe propose a new three‐step model‐selection framework for size distributions in empirical data. It generalizes a recent frequentist plausibility‐of‐fit analysis (step 1) and combines it with a relative ranking based on the Bayesian Akaike information criterion (step 2). We enhance these statistical criteria with the additional criterion of microfoundation (step 3), which is to select the size distribution that comes with a dynamic micromodel of size dynamics. A numerical performance test of step 1 shows that our generalization is able to correctly rule out the distribution hypotheses unjustified by the data at hand. We then illustrate our approach and demonstrate its usefulness with a sample of commercial cattle farms in Namibia. In conclusion, the framework proposed here has the potential to reconcile the ongoing debate about size distribution models in empirical data, the two most prominent of which are the Pareto and the log‐normal distribution.
SRST2: Rapid genomic surveillance for public health and hospital microbiology labs
Authors: Inouye Michael , Dashnow Harriet , Raven Lesley , Schultz Mark B. , Pope Bernard J. , Tomita Takehiro , Zobel Justin , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRapid molecular typing of bacterial pathogens is critical for public health epidemiology, surveillance and infection control, yet routine use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for these purposes poses significant challenges. Here we present SRST2, a read mapping-based tool for fast and accurate detection of genes, alleles and multi-locus sequence types (MLST) from WGS data. Using >900 genomes from common pathogens, we show SRST2 is highly accurate and outperforms assembly-based methods in terms of both gene detection and allele assignment. Here we have demonstrated the use of SRST2 for microbial genome surveillance in a variety of public health and hospital settings. In the face of rising threats of antimicrobial resistance and emerging virulence amongst bacterial pathogens, SRST2 represents a powerful tool for rapidly extracting clinically useful information from raw WGS data. Source code is available fromhttp://katholt.github.io/srst2/.
Guerrilla‐style Defensive Architecture in Detroit: A Self‐provisioned Security Strategy in a Neoliberal Space of Disinvestment
Authors: Kinder Kimberley 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSelf‐provisioning has long been an important component of urban political economic processes. However, it has recently become a central feature of grassroots urban governance strategies as well. In tumultuous cities of the twenty‐first century, with governments either unwilling or unable to effectively enforce zoning laws, police neighborhoods or manage infrastructure, some householders have begun performing these services instead. This article examines one subset of self‐provisioning practices that has emerged in southwest Detroit where residents have taken steps to secure abandoned housing as a means of exerting social control over their living environment. These actions embody many contradictions and ethical dilemmas, and the intimate scale of action has left the structural production of disinvestment in places like Detroit largely unchecked. Nevertheless, these guerilla‐style spatial interventions have emerged as critically important response strategies helping residents reduce their vulnerability and stabilize their blocks even as other nearby areas continue to experience decline.
Hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with temozolomide chemotherapy may alter the patterns of failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Reddy Krishna , Gaspar Laurie E. , Kavanagh Brian D. , Chen Changhu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to report the patterns of failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated on a phase II trial of hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (hypo‐IMRT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ).MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed GBM post‐resection received postoperative hypo‐IMRT to 60 Gy in 10 fractions. TMZ was given concurrently at 75 mg/m2/day for 28 consecutive days and adjuvantly at 150–200 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 28 days. Radiographic failure was defined as any new T1‐enhancing lesion or biopsy‐confirmed progressive enhancement at the primary site. MRIs obtained at the time of failure were fused to original hypo‐IMRT plans. Central, in‐field, marginal and distant failure were defined as ≥95%, 80% to 95%, any to 80% and 0% of the volume of a recurrence receiving 60 Gy, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were treated on the trial. Median follow‐up was 14.8 months (range 2.7–34.2). Seventeen of 24 patients experienced radiographic failure: one central, five in‐field, two marginal, eight distant and one both in‐field and distant. Two of the eight distant failures presented with leptomeningeal disease. Two other patients died without evidence of radiographic recurrence. Five of 24 patients demonstrated asymptomatic, gradually progressive in‐field T1 enhancement, suggestive of post‐treatment changes, without clear evidence of failure; three of these patients received a biopsy/second resection, with 100% radiation necrosis found. The median overall survival of this group was 33.0 months.ConclusionA 60‐Gy hypo‐IMRT treatment delivered in 6‐Gy fractions with TMZ altered the patterns of failure in GBM, with more distant failures.
Vanishing bone disease of the orbital roof: Now you see it, now you don't
Authors: Dharsono Ferry , van Heerden Jolandi , Mesbah Ardakani Nima , Franconi Catherine , Honeybul Stephen , Lind Christopher R.P. , McAuliffe William 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe describe a rare case of vascularised orbital roof and calvarial erosions with an associated venous malformation. In the absence of infection, malignancy, trauma and eosinophillic granuloma, the closest previously described entity is vanishing bone disease. Computed tomography (CT), MRI, catheter angiography and pathology were all important in the diagnostic workup to enable surgical planning for biopsy and reconstruction. Ongoing CT and MRI follow‐up imaging will determine future treatment planning.
New Fossil Procercopidae (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China
Authors: HU Haijing , YAO Yunzhi , REN Dong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new fossil species, Anthoscytina macula sp. nov., of the family Procercopidae is described from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China. A key to the species of the genus Anthoscytina Hong, 1983 is provided. The diagnosis of the genus is revised.
New specimens of Stenocybus acidentatus (Therapsida: Dinocephalia) from the Middle Permian Dashankou Fauna of China
Authors: JIANG Shan , JI Shu‐an 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe basal dinocephalian clade Stenocybusidae was known from two incomplete specimens representing one generus, Stenocybus, from Dashankou fanua in Yumen, Gansu Province of China. The holotype of Stenocybus acidentatus is laterally compressed, making some characters unclear. Here we describe two new specimens of Stenocybus acidentatus from the same locality, an anterior portion of skull with articulated jaws, and a right dentary with nearly complete dentition. They show some detailed features on the morphology of the premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, external nares and dentary. The phylogenetic relationship between Stenocybus acidentatus and the relatively large Sinophoneus yumenensis is still difficult to determine, and needs more new complete material and further evidences.
Zircon U‐Pb age, Lu‐Hf Isotopic Characteristics and Origin of the Banshanping Granitoid Rocks in East Qinling Orogenic Belt
Authors: LI Mingze , WU Cailai , LEI Min , QIN Haipeng , LIU Chunhua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Banshanping granitoid rocks distribute in the east of the North Qinling orogenic belt. It is a diorite‐quartz diorite‐granodiorite‐granite series, spreading in a NW‐SE direction, and intrudes into the Erlangping Group. The SiO2 content ranges from 57.04% to 76.56%, Na2O from 2.05% to 4.65%, K2O from 0.84% to 3.40%. Major element characteristics indicate that Banshanping granitoid rocks have properties of I type granotoids. SREE ranges from 36.51 ppm to 473.25 ppm, and LREE/HREE ratios lie between 3.95 and 22.18. Negative Eu anomalies are not obvious in most samples, though there are obvious Nb, P and Ti positive anomalies. The zircon LA‐ICP‐MS ages of Banshangping granitoid rocks are 496.0±8.1 Ma–486.9±9.3 Ma. Hf isotope shows that 176Hf/177Hf ratios range from 0.282721 to 0.282876, εHf(t) values from 8.5 to 14, all positive, and corresponding modal ages (TDM2) range from 559 Ma to 908 Ma. Based on Hf isotope characteristics and existing Sm‐Nd and Rb‐Sr isotope data, we consider that the Banshanping granitoid rocks originate from mantle‐derived material, i.e. the igneous rocks that formed in Neoproterozoic, and there may be a certain amount of crust‐derived material during the formation of Banshanping granitoid rocks.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Tinggong Porphyry Copper Ore Deposit, Tibet
Authors: CHEN Rui , LIU Yulin , GUO Lishuang , WANG Zhenghua , LIU Hongfei , XU Kaifeng , ZHANG Jinshu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe have determined the ages of the ore‐bearing Tinggong porphyries and the Eocene granites using the LA‐ICPMS zircon U‐Pb method. Zircons from one adamellite porphyry and two diorite porphyries yield ages of 15.54±0.28 Ma, 15.02±0.25 Ma and 14.74±0.22 Ma, respectively. The ages of two granites are 50.48±0.71 Ma and 50.16±0.48 Ma. Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) are enriched in the ore‐bearing adamellite porphyries, which are high‐K calc‐alkaline and metaluminous, while Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) and Y are strongly depleted, indicating an adakitic affinity. The Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) of the adamellite porphyries are highly enriched, whereas some High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) are depleted. The diorite porphyry in this study is chemically similar to the adamellite porphyries, except that the Mg# of the diorite porphyry is a little higher, demonstrating more mantle contamination. Four samples from different rocks are selected for in situ zircon Hf isotopic analyses. The samples show positive εHf(t) values and young Hf model ages, indicating their derivation from juvenile crust However, the adamellite porphyry and diorite porphyry formed in the Miocene exhibit more heterogeneous Hf isotopic ratios, with lower εHf (t) values than the granites formed in the Eocene, suggesting the involvement of old Indian continent crust in their petrogenesis. The geochronology and geochemistry of the adamellite porphyries and the diorite porphyries indicate that they formed from the same source region in a post‐collisional environment, but contaminated by crust and mantle materials in different ratios. The metallic minerals formed mainly during the older adamellite porphyry stage, but they were recycled and reactivated by the diorite porphyry intrusion.
Hydrothermal Högbomite Associated with Vanadiferous‐Titaniferous (V‐Ti) Bearing Magnetite Bands in Bhakatarhalli Chromite Mine, Nuggihalli Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, India
Authors: PERUMALA Raju V.S. , MERKLE Roland K.W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHögbomite, a rare exotic mineral, is found to be associated with the vanadiferous–titaniferous (V‐Ti) bearing magnetite bands at Bhakatarhalli, Nuggihalli greenstone belt, western Dharwar Craton, India. We report on a second occurrence of högbomite from the Dharwar craton in Karnataka, which is the sixth documented occurrence of this mineral from India. We evaluate the chemical characteristics of högbomite and associated Fe‐Ti‐minerals in an attempt to identify its formation as a primary hydrothermal mineral in a metamorphosed magnetite layer. We report here the presence of högbomite as a complex oxide of Fe, Mg, Al and Ti with accessory of Zn, V and Sn. Petrographic studies suggest the (V–Ti) bearing magnetite (Mt) contain spinel, högbomite, chlorite, martite, ilmenite (Il) and minor amounts of diaspore. The högbomite displays euhedral to subhedral textures, and is up to 250 μm along the grain boundaries of magnetite and ilmenite. In the samples studied, högbomite is prismatic, irregular and elongated in shape. The genesis of högbomite in veins between magnetite and ilmenite implies its precipitation from fluids without involving complicated reactions. Several models were proposed for the formation of högbomite; however, the subject is still debatable.
Application of Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell to Homogenization Experiments of Silicate Melt Inclusions
Authors: LI Jiankang , LI Shenghu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe homogenization of silicate melt inclusions (SMIs), small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals, is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research. Conventional homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope‐mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold‐seal high‐pressure vessels. Heating stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization processes. In contrast, cold‐seal high‐pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures, although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this approach. Here we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) apparatus to homogenize SMIs. This is the only current method wherein phase changes in high‐internal‐pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments, which represents an advantage over other conventional methods. Using an HDAC apparatus prevents high‐internal‐pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure, in addition to allowing in situ observations of SMIs. The type‐V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types, potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working distance. Homogenization experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps, including HDAC preparation, sample preparation, sample loading, preheating, and formal heating, be carefully followed. Homogenization experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit (Sichuan, China) are best performed using an HDAC‐based approach, because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs, combined with a short heating duration, helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs, in addition to allowing in situ observations during homogenization experiments. Furthermore, using the HDAC approach has other benefits: heating rates can be precisely controlled, wafer oxidization can be prevented, and samples can be subjected to in situ microbeam analysis. In summary, homogenization using HDAC provides more reliable results than those obtained using conventional heating equipment Future developments will include improvements to the quenching method and temperature controls for the HDAC apparatus, thereby improving the utility of this approach for SMI homogenization experiments.