bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Environmental Data Flood: A Comparative Analysis of Hydrologic, Oceanographic, and Meteorological Informatics Platforms
Authors: Dow Andrew K. , Dow Eli M. , Fitzsimmons Thomas D. , Materise Maurice M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Researchers studying large-scale questions in hydrology, oceanography, and meteorology can work with existing data through myriad platforms that provide access to remote datasets and render said information in various graphical outputs for interpretation and analysis. A survey of 30 publicly available hydrometeorological data platforms reviews the current state of the art in water-data discovery and visualization. Such platforms best meet the needs of a diverse user community by providing valuable data content, facilitating data exchange, and supporting visual analysis. To provide datasets of value to wider audiences, data providers can emphasize building datasets that are not only voluminous but also proportionally content rich in geographic, temporal, and measurement breadth, through integration of complementary datasets and coordinated data collection programs. In support of efficient data interchange, including software-driven integration of complementary content, data providers should increase adoption of web services to share data, along with machine-readable formats. In addition, this work surveys best practices in visualization and advocates for graphical user interface features that provide the flexibility required to integrate heterogeneous datasets by both novice and expert end users. Features that stand out as particularly useful include comprehensive content filters for customizable data queries, multiparameter plotting, statistical analysis tools, and predictive visualization. Effective combination of comprehensive—as well as voluminous—content, widely implemented standards for efficient data interchange, and appropriate visualization flexibility in the next generation of tools provided as software services will empower a wide user community, spanning laypersons, students, and researchers.
Psychometric comparisons of four disease-specific health-related quality of life measures for stroke survivors
Authors: Chou Chia-Yeh , Ou Yu-Chih , Chiang Tsuey-Ru 
Published: October 2014

Objective: To examine psychometric properties of four stroke-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures, including original Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (12-domain SSQoL), modified 8-domain SSQoL, Stroke Impact Scale (SIS 3.0), and modified SIS-16 focused on physical domains. Design and Setting: Prospective repeated measures study conducted in rehabilitation and wards in hospitals. Subjects: Study cohort was recruited with 263 patients in the first administration and 121 in the second administration, an average of two weeks later. To investigate discriminant validity, the same number of patients (i.e., 52) was grouped for each of 3 levels of stroke severity. Main measures: Outcome measures, including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Barthel Index. Patients completed HRQoL self-reports. Results: Domains of four measures showed (1) good reliability, except 12-domainSSQoL family roles (Cronbach’s α = 0.68) and personality domains (Cronbach’s α = 0.65) and SIS 3.0 social participation (ICC=0.67) domain; (2) acceptable precision, except 12-domain SSQoL family role domain and SIS 3.0 social participation domain; (3) good convergent validity, except 12-domain SSQoL/8-domain SSQoL vision domain (r = 0.19), (4) good discriminant validity, except 12-domain SSQoL and 8-domain SSQoL thinking domains ( P = 0.365); and (5) acceptable floor effects and strong ceiling effects. The 12-domain SSQoL and 8-domain SSQoL met scaling assumptions better than SIS 3.0 and SIS-16. Conclusions: Four measures showed acceptable psychometric properties with some domains slightly less satisfactory. Overall, use of 8-domain SSQoL and SIS 3.0 are feasible for clinical practice to monitor HRQoL of stroke survivors.
Therapeutic activity of multiple common γ-chain cytokine inhibition in acute and chronic GVHD
Authors: Hechinger Anne-Kathrin , Smith Benjamin A. H. , Flynn Ryan , Hanke Kathrin , McDonald-Hyman Cameron , Taylor Patricia A. , Pfeifer Dietmar , Hackanson Björn , Leonhardt Franziska , Prinz Gabriele , Dierbach Heide , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Kovarik Jiri , Blazar Bruce R. , Zeiser Robert 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsMonoclonal antibody blockade of the common γ chain attenuates acute and chronic GVHD. Common γ-chain cytokines increase granzyme B levels in CD8 T cells, which are reduced upon CD132 blockade in vivo.
Positive serum specific IgE has a short half‐life in patients with penicillin allergy and reversal does not always indicate tolerance
Authors: Hjortlund Janni , Mortz Charlotte Gotthard , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Skov Per Stahl , Dahl Ronald , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe positive and negative predictive values of specific IgE to penicillins are not well established for penicillin hypersensitivity. One reason may be that serum IgE levels to penicillin diminish over time. The objective in this study was to investigate variations in serum half‐life (T½) for specific IgE to penicillins (s‐IgE) and to evaluate the outcome of penicillin challenges in patients with previous but not present specific IgE to penicillins.MethodsTwo subgroups were investigated. All included patients had a history of penicillin allergy with reported symptoms such as urticaria/angioedema or unclassified cutaneous rash. T½ of specific IgE to penicillins was calculated based on sera from 29 patients with repeated measurements of s‐IgE. Twenty‐two patients with a previous positive s‐IgE was followed and challenged with penicillin when IgE had become negative.ResultsThe T½ for s‐IgE varied between the 26 patients with decreasing s‐IgE from 1.6 months to 76.4 months and 52% had a T½ of less than a year. The three patients with stable and increasing IgE‐values showed T½ approaching infinity A total of 29 challenges with β‐lactams were performed. Four different patterns were seen when evaluating the clinical reaction to challenge (positive/negative) and post‐challenge boost of s‐IgE (yes/no). Eight (36.4%) had negative challenge and negative post‐challenge s‐IgE, eight (36.4%) negative challenge, but positive post‐challenge s‐IgE levels. 3 (13.6%) had positive challenge and positive post‐challenge s‐IgE whereas 3 (13.6%) were challenge positive, but had negative post‐challenge s‐IgE.ConclusionSpecific IgE to penicillins declines over time stressing the importance of a close time relation between diagnostic work‐up and clinical reaction. Reversal of previously positive s‐IgE may still be associated with positive penicillin challenges and/or re‐boostering of s‐IgE to positivity.
Mutant Activin-Like Kinase 2 in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva are Activated via T203 by BMP Type II Receptors
Authors: Fujimoto Mai , Ohte Satoshi , Osawa Kenji , Miyamoto Arei , Tsukamoto Sho , Mizuta Takato , Kokabu Shoichiro , Suda Naoto , Katagiri Takenobu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification in soft tissues, such as the skeletal muscles. FOP has been shown to be caused by gain-of-function mutations in activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2, which is a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that underlie the activation of intracellular signaling by mutant ALK2. Mutant ALK2 from FOP patients enhanced the activation of intracellular signaling by type II BMP receptors, such as BMPR-II and activin receptor, type II B, whereas that from heart disease patients did not. This enhancement was dependent on the kinase activity of the type II receptors. Substitution mutations at all nine serine and threonine residues in the ALK2 glycine- and serine-rich domain simultaneously inhibited this enhancement by the type II receptors. Of the nine serine and threonine residues in ALK2, T203 was found to be critical for the enhancement by type II receptors. The T203 residue was conserved in all of the BMP type I receptors, and these residues were essential for intracellular signal transduction in response to ligand stimulation. The phosphorylation levels of the mutant ALK2 related to FOP were higher than those of wild-type ALK2 and were further increased by the presence of type II receptors. The phosphorylation levels of ALK2 were greatly reduced in mutants carrying a mutation at T203, even in the presence of type II receptors. These findings suggest that the mutant ALK2 related to FOP is enhanced by BMP type II receptors via the T203-regulated phosphorylation of ALK2.
Functional Role of ATP Binding to Synapsin I In Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking and Release Dynamics
Authors: Orlando Marta , Lignani Gabriele , Maragliano Luca , Fassio Anna , Onofri Franco , Baldelli Pietro , Giovedí Silvia , Benfenati Fabio 
Published: October 2014

Synapsins (Syns) are synaptic vesicle (SV)-associated proteins involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, which display a highly conserved ATP binding site in the central C-domain, whose functional role is unknown.Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrated that ATP binding to SynI is mediated by a conformational transition of a flexible loop that opens to make the binding site accessible; such transition, prevented in the K269Q mutant, is not significantly affected in the absence of Ca2+or by the E373K mutation that abolishes Ca2+-binding. Indeed, the ATP binding to SynI also occurred under Ca2+-free conditions and increased its association with purified rat SVs regardless of the presence of Ca2+and promoted SynI oligomerization. However, although under Ca2+-free conditions, SynI dimerization and SV clustering were enhanced, Ca2+favored the formation of tetramers at the expense of dimers and did not affect SV clustering, indicating a role of Ca2+-dependent dimer/tetramer transitions in the regulation of ATP-dependent SV clustering.To elucidate the role of ATP/SynI binding in synaptic physiology, mouse SynI knock-out hippocampal neurons were transduced with either wild-type or K269Q mutant SynI and inhibitory transmission was studied by patch-clamp and electron microscopy. K269Q-SynI expressing inhibitory synapses showed increased synaptic strength due to an increase in the release probability, an increased vulnerability to synaptic depression and a dysregulation of SV trafficking, when compared with wild-type SynI-expressing terminals. The results suggest that the ATP-SynI binding plays predocking and postdocking roles in the modulation of SV clustering and plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
Postdoctoral Periodontal Program Directors’ Perspectives of Resident Selection
Authors: Khan Saba , Carmosino Andrew J. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Lucchiari Newton , Kawar Nadia , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: October 2014

Background: Applications for postdoctoral periodontal programs have recently increased. The National Board Dental Examinations (NBDE) has adopted a pass/fail format. The purpose of this study is to examine the criteria used by accredited postdoctoral periodontal programs in the United States to evaluate potential applicants. A secondary purpose was to determine whether the absence of NBDE scores would change program directors’ selection process. Basic demographic information of the program directors was also collected.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all 54 program directors of accredited postdoctoral periodontal programs in the United States. The raw data were compiled, descriptive analyses were performed, and results were tabulated and ranked when applicable.Results: Thirty‐five of 54 program directors (64.8%) responded to the survey. The five most important factors in selecting residents were: 1) interview ratings; 2) dental school clinical grades; 3) dental school periodontics grades; 4) personal statement; and 5) letters of recommendation. The majority of the programs (94%; n = 33) require an interview, and many (86%; n = 30) have a committee that makes the final decision on candidate acceptance. More than half of the respondents (56%; n = 17) stated that the pass/fail format of the NBDE would affect the decision‐making process.Conclusions: This study describes the criteria used by postdoctoral periodontal programs to help select applicants. Interview ratings, dental school grades, personal statements, and letters of recommendation were found to be the most important factors. Results from this study may be helpful for prospective postdoctoral periodontal program applicants in the United States.
Dual Add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Saxagliptin Plus Dapagliflozin Addition Versus Single Addition of Saxagliptin or Dapagliflozin to Metformin
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Hansen Lars , Zee Pamela , Li Yan , Cook William , Hirshberg Boaz , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE
This study compared the efficacy and safety of dual add-on of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin versus saxagliptin and dapagliflozin added on alone in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a double-blind trial in adults with HbA1c ≥8.0% and ≤12.0% (64–108 mmol/mol), randomized to saxagliptin (SAXA) (5 mg/day) plus dapagliflozin (DAPA) (10 mg/day; n = 179), or SAXA (5 mg/day) and placebo (n = 176), or DAPA (10 mg/day) and placebo (n = 179) on background metformin extended release (MET) ≥1,500 mg/day. Primary objective compared changes from baseline in HbA1c with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus SAXA+MET and DAPA+MET.

RESULTS
Patients had a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.9% (74 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 7.6 years, and a BMI of 32 kg/m2. At week 24, the adjusted mean change from the baseline HbA1c was –1.5% (–16.1 mmol/mol) with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus –0.9% (–9.6 mmol/mol) with SAXA+MET (difference −0.59% [–6.4 mmol/mol], P &lt; 0.0001) and –1.2% (–13.1 mmol/mol) with DAPA+MET (difference −0.27% [3.0 mmol/mol], P &lt; 0.02). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) was 41% with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus 18% with SAXA+MET and 22% with DAPA+MET. Urinary and genital infections occurred in ≤1% of patients receiving SAXA+DAPA+MET. Hypoglycemia was infrequent, with no episodes of major hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
In this first report of adding a well-tolerated combination of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin to background metformin therapy in patients poorly controlled with metformin, greater improvements in glycemic control were obtained with triple therapy by the dual addition of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin than dual therapy with the addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin alone.
Biosynthesis of ethyl butyrate with immobilized Candida rugosa lipase onto modified Eupergit®C
Authors: Spinelli Daniele , Coppi Simone , Basosi Riccardo , Pogni Rebecca 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized onto the modified Eupergit®C. The support was treated with ethylenediamine and subsequently activated with glutaraldehyde. Enzyme immobilization efficiency was 85%. The optimum pH was close to 6.5 for both the free and immobilized lipase. Immobilized lipase retained its maximum activity in a temperature range of 55 – 60°C. Subsequently, ethyl butyrate synthesis was investigated using immobilized enzyme by esterification of butyric acid with ethanol in solvent-free conditions (23% product yield) and using hexane as a solvent (65% product yield). The acid-alcohol molar ratio and different enzyme amounts were tested as efficient reaction parameters. The biocatalyst maintained 60% of its activity when reused in 8 successive batch reactions in organic solvent. Therefore, the immobilized lipase has demonstrated its potential in practical applications such as short-chain ester synthesis for the food industry.
Physical Therapists' Level of McKenzie Education, Functional Outcomes, and Utilization in Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Deutscher Daniel , Werneke Mark W. , Gottlieb Ditza , Fritz Julie M. , Resnik Linda 
Published: October 2014

Study Design Longitudinal, prospective, observational cohort. Objective To examine associations between McKenzie training, functional status (FS) at discharge, and number of physical therapy visits (utilization) in patients receiving physical therapy for low back pain. Background The McKenzie method is commonly used in treating patients with low back pain. Methods A McKenzie postgraduate educational program was initiated in a large outpatient physical therapy service. Functional status data were collected at intake and at discharge. Separate hierarchical linear mixed models were used to examine associations between physical therapists' McKenzie training level (none; Parts A, B, C, and D; and credentialed), FS score at discharge, and utilization, controlling for patient risk factors. Results The final data set included 20 882 patients (mean ± SD age, 51 ± 16 years; 57% women) who completed FS surveys at both admission and discharge. Patients treated by physical therapists with any McKenzie training had better outcomes (additional 0.7 to 1.3 FS points; P<.05 to <.001) and fewer visits (0.6 to 0.9, P<.001) compared to patients treated by physical therapists with no training. For patients treated by therapists with no versus some McKenzie education, 65% versus 70% achieved at least the minimal clinically important improvement, respectively. There were no significant differences in outcomes or utilization by level of McKenzie training. Conclusion There was a slightly greater improvement of 0.7 to 1.3 points in FS at discharge in patients receiving physical therapy for low back pain by physical therapists who underwent McKenzie training. This difference was clinically important for an additional 5% of patients who achieved the minimal clinically important improvement when treated by therapists with some McKenzie training. Reduction in physical therapy utilization was 0.6 to 0.9 visits, with the fewest visits utilized by patients of physical therapists at the McKenzie Part D and credentialed levels. Together, these findings suggest improved cost-effectiveness at advanced McKenzie training levels. Ways to improve ongoing education and patient outcomes were proposed. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(12):925–936. Epub 29 October 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5272
Acquiring the Power of Natives: The Socio-Economic Transition of Malabar into the Colonial Economy, 1792-1812
Authors: Sandeep T 
Published: October 2014

The end of the eighteenth century, the English East India Company dominated most of the part of the Indian peninsula. In a way, it was also considered as the revolutionary transition of the Indian society through the westernization. At the same time, some historians point out that, it was the period of anarchy as well as the dark age of the Indian history. The English East India Company controlled the trade between India and Europe, and finally they acquired the administrative power over India. In the context of Malabar, the English East India Company took the administration in 1792, and emerged as a kind of superlord through the domination over the indigenous rulers. The advent of the Company rule in Malabar replaced the traditional customs and introduced structural changes in the society and economy. This study emphasis on the people’s attitude towards the Company administration in Malabar and how they incorporated to the ‘new administration’. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11180 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 160-163
Preparation of MnAlC flakes by surfactant-assisted ball-milling and the effects of annealing
Authors: Su K. P. , Tao D. L. , Wang J. , Huo D. X. , Cao Y. Q. , Liu Z. W. , Zhang Y. J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An alternative approach for preparing anisotropic MnAlC powders is reported. [001] textured MnAlC flakes with various sizes and thicknesses were fabricated by surfactant-assisted ball-milling (SABM) of bulk ingots. After ball-milling for 8 h the flakes have thicknesses below 200 nm and aspect ratios as high as 102∼103. After being annealed at suitable temperatures, both bulk and SABMed powders can transform from ∊-phase to τ-phase completely. C-doping cannot prevent the decomposition of the τ-phase into the β+γ2 phases after annealing at above 500°C. The magnetic properties are strongly dependent on both the fraction of the τ-phase and the thickness. A high coercivity of ∼242.8 kA m−1 has been achieved in SABMed powders. The coercivity value is 128.8% higher than the experimental value for bulk materials.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LOCAL BORO RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Siddique M. A. , Khalequzzaman M. , Islam M. Z. , Ahamed M. S. , Rashid E. S. M. H. 
Published: October 2014

Genetic diversity in 40 traditional boro rice genotypes was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (22) and the cluster II and V contained the lowest (1). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster III and lowest for cluster II and V. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III followed by cluster II and V, cluster I and II and the lowest between cluster I and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster II showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster II could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle/hill had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, flag leaf length and grain length breadth ratio were obtained from cluster IV. The highest 1000-grain weight, shortest growth duration and grain breadth were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, flag leaf length, filled grains and 1000 grain weight were found in cluster V. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster II, III and cluster IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster V which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19980
The luxury metaphor of alcoholic beverages marketing: a necessary focus and understanding to help public health
Authors: Diouf Jacques François 
Published: October 2014

Objectif : Identifier l’émergence du luxe comme une tendance marketing dans l’industrie de l’alcool et discuter les implications en termes de santé publique. Méthodes : Revue de la littérature portant sur l’impact du marketing des alcooliers et sur le marketing du luxe ; observation des activités marketing de l’industrie de l’alcool sur le marché français et revue systématique de revues professionnelles en marketing. Résultats : L’industrie de l’alcool emprunte les codes du marketing du luxe. Différents éléments de leur marketing sont touchés : design du produit et du packaging, contenu de la publicité et des actions de relations publiques. Conclusion : Si de nombreux chercheurs ont analysé l’effet de l’exposition des individus au marketing de l’alcool sur les représentations et les envies de consommer, très peu de recherches ont été menées sur l’effet du contenu de ce marketing. Or l’emprunt des codes du luxe par les alcooliers remet en question en termes de santé publique : le pouvoir du contenu marketing, la régulation de la promotion d’alcool et l’élaboration de campagnes de prévention adaptées aux nouvelles stratégies du secteur.