bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of ABC Algorithm for Adaptation to Time‐Varying Functions
Authors: Nishida Takeshi 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAlthough the ABC (artificial bee colony) algorithm is an effective tool for finding solutions to static optimization problems, application to dynamical problems that include a time‐varying element has not been assumed. A modification of the ABC algorithm for adaptation to time‐varying functions is proposed. To adjust to the change in the function, a procedure for reevaluating the bees at each time is introduced. It is shown that the proposed modification does not influence the search performance of the conventional algorithm. The efficiency of the modified ABC algorithm is demonstrated and verified through numerical simulations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 44–53, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11479
Remote Energy Monitoring System by Cellular Network
Authors: Yunoki Shoji , Tamaki Satoshi , Takada May , Iwaki Takashi 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYRecently, improvement in power saving and cost efficiency by monitoring the operation status of various facilities over the network has gained attention. A wireless network, especially a cellular network, has advantages in mobility, coverage, and scalability. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of low reliability, due to rapid changes in the available bandwidth. We propose a transmission control scheme based on data priority and instantaneous available bandwidth to realize a highly reliable remote monitoring system via a cellular network. We have developed our proposed monitoring system and evaluated the effectiveness of our scheme, and proved it reduces the maximum transmission delay of sensor status to 1/10 compared to best‐effort transmission. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 35–43, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11490
Roles of Electrons and Holes in the Luminescence of Rare‐Earth‐Doped Semiconductors
Authors: Ishii Masashi , Towlson Brian , Harako Susumu , Zhao Xin‐Wei , Komuro Shuji , Hamilton Bruce 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe roles of electrons and holes in the photoexcitation of a samarium‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Sm) thin film were investigated with electrical measurement techniques. To determine these roles, the holes were selectively injected into TiO2:Sm by using a distinctive sample structure involving a silicon oxide interface layer between TiO2:Sm and a conductive silicon substrate. Since the midgap states of the silicon oxide act as a barrier to the electrons in a positive DC bias VDC, the selective injection of holes can be realized for VDC > 0. The combination of the photoexcited dielectric relaxation technique, that is, the frequency dispersion measurement of complex impedance under excitation light, with the selective injection technique revealed that Sm was excited by electron trapping with a slower response rate of~12 Hz and the subsequent recombination with holes in TiO2 hosts with a faster response rate of~950 Hz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 1–7, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11537
Proton and Electron Transfer to a Polymer‐Supported Nitrido Molybdenum(VI) Complex
Authors: Wünsche von Leupoldt Anica , Förster Christoph , Fiedler Tobias J. , Bings Nicolas H. , Heinze Katja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe protonation and reduction of nitrido and imido complexes are important steps during the reduction of dinitrogen to NH3 mediated by transition‐metal complexes. A polymer‐immobilized analogue (P‐2) of the Schrock–Yandulov nitrido molybdenum(VI) complex has been prepared from a sterically unencumbered polymer‐anchored triamidoamine ligand (P‐1) and [MoCl3N(CH3CN)]4 as an “MoN” source. The polymer‐confined nitrido complex has been protonated by [2,6‐lutH][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (2,6‐lut = 2,6‐lutidine) at the nitrido ligand to form the corresponding imido complex P‐3, as shown by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations. Specifically, the NH stretching vibration of P‐3 and the ND stretching vibration of the N‐deuterated analogue P‐3D as well as the vibrations of the counterion are particularly useful for unambiguous characterization. Single‐electron transfer to the supported molybdenum(VI) complexes P‐3/P‐3D by cobaltocene as one‐electron reductant gave the imido molybdenum(V) congeners P‐4/P‐4D as shown by diffuse reflectance UV/Vis (DR‐UV/Vis) and IR spectroscopy in combination with DFT calculations. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the immobilized d1 complex P‐4 and its deuterated isotopomer P‐4D reveal spin density on the molybdenum center and the imido ligand. For comparison of their spectroscopic and reactivity properties, the analogous soluble ligand 1 and its nitrido (2) and imido (3) complexes have also been synthesized. Compounds 1 and 2 were also characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Gold‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction: Facile Strategy for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by Using Activated Alkynes, Aldehydes, and Methanamine
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Chen Huoji , Zhao Hong , Cao Hua , Li Yongjian , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA convenient and efficient gold‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction was developed for the synthesis of a wide range of N‐substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridines, which are found in a variety of bioactive compounds. This process proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with the use of commercially available substrates and affords the desired products in good to excellent yields. This method provides a highly efficient synthetic route to N‐substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridines from activated alkynes, aldehydes, and methanamine for which catalytic approaches are scarce.
Evaluation of a recently proposed record selection and scaling procedure for low‐rise to mid‐rise reinforced concrete buildings and its use for probabilistic risk assessment studies
Authors: Ay Bekir Özer , Akkar Sinan 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper evaluates a recent record selection and scaling procedure of the authors that can determine the probabilistic structural response of buildings behaving either in the elastic or post‐elastic range. This feature marks a significant strength on the procedure as the probabilistic structural response distribution conveys important information on probability‐based damage assessment. The paper presents case studies that show the utilization of the proposed record selection and scaling procedure as a tool for the estimation of damage states and derivation of site‐specific and region‐specific fragility functions. The method can be used to describe exceedance probabilities of damage limits under a certain target hazard level with known annual exceedance rate (via probabilistic seismic hazard assessment). Thus, the resulting fragility models can relate the seismicity of the region (or a site) with the resulting building performance in a more accurate manner. Under this context, this simple and computationally efficient record selection and scaling procedure can be benefitted significantly by probability‐based risk assessment methods that have started to be considered as indispensable for developing robust earthquake loss models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SatCache: a profile‐aware caching strategy for information‐centric satellite networks
Authors: D'Oro Salvatore , Galluccio Laura , Morabito Giacomo , Palazzo Sergio 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInformation‐centric networking (ICN) is a new networking paradigm, which is attracting increasing attention from the scientific community. ICN focuses on content handling and distribution rather than host‐to‐host communications. Satellite systems have always played a key role in content distribution, and therefore, they are expected to be fundamental components of the ICN. However, it is not obvious whether solutions that are being developed for terrestrial ICNs are effective in satellite scenarios as well. More specifically, the focus of this paper is on in‐network content caching, which is an important feature characterising all ICN proposals but, as we will show, should be redesigned to address the specific characteristics of satellite networks. Indeed, in this paper, a novel caching scheme named SatCache is proposed, which exploits the broadcast nature of the satellite communication medium and creates a profile of the preferences of network users in order to estimate their potential interest in a given content. The proposed approach is based on a simple model of the user behaviour. By aggregating the content requests generated by a large number of users, a collective behaviour can be observed, which fits the output of large measurement campaigns discussed in the literature. Simulation results given in the paper show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA 5) strain in fruit‐based ice cream
Authors: Senanayake Suraji A. , Fernando Sirimali , Bamunuarachchi Arthur , Arsekularatne Mariam 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA study was performed to apply a probiotic strain into fermented ice cream mix with suitable fruit bases to develop a value‐added product with a substantial level of viable organisms for a sufficient shelf life. Pure direct vat strain culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA 5) in freeze‐dried form was inoculated into a mixture of ice cream, frozen, and the number of viable organisms during frozen storage for a period of time was enumerated, using turbidity measurements with a spectrophotometer. An ice cream sample prepared without the probiotic culture was compared with the test sample for quality, by testing the basic quality parameters for ice cream. Results show a reduction in the over run of the probiotic ice cream compared to the nonprobiotic ice cream. Significantly high level (P < 0.05) of total solids (42%), proteins (16.5%), and titratable acidity (2.2%) was observed in the test sample compared to the nonprobiotic ice cream. Significantly low pH level in the probiotic sample may be due to the lactic acid produced by the probiotic culture. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in the fat content in the two types of ice cream was observed. A significantly low level (P < 0.05) of melting in the probiotic one may have resulted from less over run, than the nonprobiotic sample. Rapid reduction in the viable cells during frozen storage occurred at −18°C and gradual adaptation occurred over the first 4 weeks. At the 10th week, 1.0 × 107 numbers of viable organisms were present in 1 g of the probiotic ice cream. Results show the presence of a sufficient number of viable organisms in the product for the 10‐week period, which would be beneficial to consumers.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of genetically modified maize T25
Authors: Xu Junyi , Zheng Qiuyue , Yu Ling , Liu Ran , Zhao Xin , Wang Gang , Wang Qinghua , Cao Jijuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay indicates a potential and valuable means for genetically modified organism (GMO) detection especially for its rapidity, simplicity, and low cost. We developed and evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of the LAMP method for rapid detection of the genetically modified (GM) maize T25. A set of six specific primers was successfully designed to recognize six distinct sequences on the target gene, including a pair of inner primers, a pair of outer primers, and a pair of loop primers. The optimum reaction temperature and time were verified to be 65°C and 45 min, respectively. The detection limit of this LAMP assay was 5 g kg−1 GMO component. Comparative experiments showed that the LAMP assay was a simple, rapid, accurate, and specific method for detecting the GM maize T25.
Palladium/Cobalt Coated on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as an Electro‐catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Gharibi H. , Golmohammadi F. , Kheirmand M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis of Pd‐based alloy electrocatalysts of Co supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their evaluation as cathode materials in a passive direct methanol fuel cell (PDMFC). The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed well‐defined reflections corresponding to a face centered cubic phase of palladium. As compared to the Pd/MWCNT electrocatalyst, the bimetallic alloy electrocatalysts with the different PdxCo atomic ratios showed highly enhanced mass activity (MA) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); however, the significant enhancement in the specific activity (SA) by a factor of about 1.2–5.6 for the ORR was found on the PdxCo alloy electrocatalysts in the presence and absence of methanol electrolyte solution. This enhancement SA in of the Pd‐based electrocatalysts was correlated to the changes in the lattice parameter and PdxCo surface composition. Surface area changes of Pd‐based electrocatalysts supported on MWCNT were evaluated using an accelerated durability test (ADT). The results obtained using the ADT were correlated to the performance of the Pd‐based electrocatalysts in the PDMFC. A better performance was obtained for the cell using Pd3Co/MWCNT (2.53 mW cm–2) compared to Pd/MWCNT (1.64 mW cm–2) and Pt/C‐Electrochem (1.20 mW cm–2) as cathode in the PDMFC. In the presence and absence of methanol the impedance Bode spectra showed one time constant that associated to follow a four electron pathway.
Permeability and relative permeability measurements for CO2‐brine system at reservoir conditions in low permeable sandstones in Svalbard
Authors: Farokhpoor Raheleh , Lindeberg Erik Gøsta Bruno , Torsæter Ole , Mørk Mai Britt , Mørk Atle 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSequestration of CO2 in a saline aquifer is currently being evaluated as a possible way to handle CO2 emitted from a coal‐fueled power plant in Svalbard. The chosen reservoir is a 300‐m thick, laterally extensive, shallow marine formation of late Triassic‐mid Jurassic age, located below Longyearbyen in Svalbard. The reservoir consists of 300 m of alternating sandstone and shale and is sealed by 400 m of shale.Experimental and numerical studies have been performed to evaluate CO2 storage capacity. A total of 51 samples of core material from one well (Dh4) were collected and tested to find the potential units for CO2 injection. Analysis of the results shows that the permeability is generally less than 2 millidarcies and the capillary entry pressure is high. This poses a serious challenge with respect to achieving practical levels of injectivity and injection pressure. For further investigation, two 32‐cm‐long sandstone samples from the depth 675 m (Sample 1) and 679 m (Sample 2) were selected for laboratory core flooding experiments at reservoir conditions. This review presents the experimental protocol and detailed CO2‐brine drainage and imbibition relative permeability data for these two different samples of rock. Capillary pressure measurements and simulation of the transient process was used to support the interpolation of the experimental flooding data.Initial x‐ray computed tomography scan showed no sign of fractures inside the cores, whereas after the core flooding experiment, there were visible fractures especially in Sample 1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a high proportion of diagenetic iron‐minerals in the sandstones like Fe‐chlorite, Fe‐carbonate (FeCO3), and pyrite (FeS2). A brownish output flow was seen in the sample with highest porosity and permeability. Dissolution of CO2 in the brine forms a weak acid that reacts with iron‐minerals (e.g. siderite) to form iron‐hydroxides. Severe hysteresis effects on one of the samples most likely resulted from changes in the rock composition.
Migration of exsolved CO2 following depressurization of saturated brines
Authors: Falta Ronald W. , Zuo Lin , Benson Sally M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGeologic disposal of supercritical CO2 in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas fields will cause large volumes of brine to become saturated with dissolved CO2 at concentrations of 40 g/l or more. As CO2 dissolves in brine, the brine density increases slightly. This property favors the long‐term storage security of the CO2 because the denser brine is less likely to move upwards toward shallower depths. However, there are plausible mechanisms by which the CO2‐laden brine could be transported to a shallower depth, where the CO2 would come out of solution (exsolve), forming a mobile CO2 gas phase. Recent laboratory experiments of the exsolution process show that the CO2 phase relative permeability measured during exsolution is on the order of 1000 times lower than the relative permeability measured during a conventional CO2 core flood. Numerical simulations of upward brine migration through an open fault were performed using TOUGH2‐ECO2N with the two types of relative permeability functions. When traditional core flood relative permeabilities are used, upward flow of a CO2 saturated brine leads to exsolution and the development of a highly mobile CO2 gas phase. When relative permeabilities measured during exsolution are used, the tendency for the exsolved CO2 to migrate as a separate phase is greatly reduced, and the exsolved CO2 can partially block brine flow through the open fault. For the conditions considered, use of the exsolution relative permeability functions reduced the upward CO2 flux by about a factor of four compared to the case with core flood relative permeability functions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Grouping of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: van der Linde Rianne M. , Dening Tom , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveA wide range of behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) are common in dementia, and it has been suggested that groups of correlated symptoms should be studied together. Here, we describe the groups of BPSD that have been identified in the literature and how they have been used to study associations, burden, treatment and underlying biology.MethodsThe literature database PubMed was searched for articles that identified clusters or factors of BPSD or used previously defined symptom groups.ResultsSixty‐two studies were included. Generally, the following symptom groups were suggested: affective symptoms, including depression and anxiety; psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations; hyperactivity, including irritability and aggression; and euphoria. Symptoms that did not show consistent results include apathy, eating disturbances, night‐time behaviour disturbances, disinhibition and aberrant motor behaviour. Symptom groups differed in their associations, treatment and biology.ConclusionsStudies investigating symptom groups show relatively consistent results. Studying symptom groups allows similar symptoms to be studied together, which might strengthen results and may point to differences in their aetiology and treatment. However, a large amount of the individual variability of the symptoms could not be explained by the factors, and authors should carefully address their research question and hypotheses to decide if symptoms should be studied in groups or individually. Clinicians need to consider each symptom in its own right and also to be aware of the interrelations between them when assessing patients and developing strategies for treatment. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex, drugs, and adult neurogenesis: Sex‐dependent effects of escalating adolescent cannabinoid exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, stress reactivity, and amphetamine sensitization
Authors: Lee Tiffany T.‐Y. , Wainwright Steven R. , Hill Matthew N. , Galea Liisa A.M. , Gorzalka Boris B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCannabinoid exposure during adolescence has adverse effects on neuroplasticity, emotional behavior, cognition, and reward sensitivity in adult rats. We investigated whether escalating doses of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) agonist, HU‐210, in adolescence would affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral processes putatively modulated by hippocampal neurogenesis, in adult male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Escalating doses of HU‐210 (25, 50, and 100 µg/kg), or vehicle were administered from postnatal day (PND) 35 to 46. Animals were left undisturbed until PND 70, when they were treated with 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU; 200 mg/kg) and perfused 21 days later to examine density of BrdU‐ir and BrdU/NeuN cells in the dentate gyrus. In another cohort, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to an acute restraint stress (30 min; PND 75) and behavioral sensitization to d‐amphetamine sulfate (1‐2 mg/kg; PND 105‐134) were assessed in adulthood. Adolescent HU‐210 administration suppressed the density of BrdU‐ir cells in the dentate gyrus in adult male, but not adult female rats. Adolescent HU‐210 administration also induced significantly higher peak corticosterone levels and reminiscent of the changes in neurogenesis, this effect was more pronounced in adult males than females. However, adolescent cannabinoid treatment resulted in significantly higher stereotypy scores in adult female, but not male, rats. Thus, adolescent CB1R activation suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis and increased stress responsivity in adult males, but not females, and enhanced amphetamine sensitization in adult female, but not male, rats. Taken together, increased CB1R activation during adolescence results in sex‐dependent, long‐term, changes to hippocampal structure and function, an effect that may shed light on differing vulnerabilities to developing disorders following adolescent cannabinoid exposure, based on sex. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regioselective Synthesis of Trichloromethyl‐Substituted Salicylates and Cyclohexenones by One‐Pot Cyclizations of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Reimann Sebastian , Bunescu Alina , Petrosyan Andranik , Sharif Muhammad , Erfle Silke , Mamat Constantin , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Saghyan Ashot S. , Spannenberg Anke , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA variety of 6‐(trichloromethyl)salicylates (=2‐hydroxy‐6‐(trichloromethyl)benzoates) were prepared by TiCl4‐mediated cyclization of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 1,1,1‐trichloro‐4,4‐dimethoxybut‐3‐en‐2‐one. The employment of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Me3SiOTf) as Lewis acid resulted in the formation of trichloromethyl‐substituted cyclohexenones. The cyclizations proceeded with good‐to‐very‐good regioselectivities.
A Concise and Convergent Total Synthesis of Two Novel Cytotoxic Hydroquinones, Lanneaquinol and (R)‐2′‐Hydroxylanneaquinol
Authors: Subba Reddy Basireddy V. , Anusha Bheemreddy , Subba Reddy Ummareddy V. , Yadav Jhillu S. , Suresh Reddy Cirandur 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA short and efficient approach for the total synthesis of two novel cytotoxic hydroquinones, lanneaquinol (1) and (R)‐2′‐hydroxylanneaquinol (2) isolated from the organic extract of the plant Lannea welwitschii, has been developed. Enantioselective organocatalytic McMillan hydroxylation has been successfully utilized for the creation of the stereogenic center bearing the OH group of (R)‐2′‐hydroxylanneaquinol (2). The hydroquinone core was constructed through the alkylation of cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione with a corresponding aldehyde. Both hydroquinone natural products can be synthesized by a mere change in the synthetic strategy.