bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigma and discrimination related to mental illness in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Semrau M. , Evans-Lacko S. , Koschorke M. , Ashenafi L. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: July 2015

Aims.This paper aims to provide an overview of evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) worldwide to address: the nature of stigma and discrimination, relevant context-specific factors, global patterns of these phenomena and their measurement and quantitative and qualitative evidence of interventions intended to reduce their occurrence and impact. The background to this study is that the large majority of studies concerned with identifying effective interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination originate in high-income countries (HICs). This paper therefore presents such evidence from, and relevant to, LAMICs.Methods.Conceptual overview of the relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature on stigma and discrimination related to mental illness in LAMICs are available in English, Spanish, French and Russian.Results.Few intervention studies were identified related to stigma re-education in LAMICs. None of these addressed behaviour change/discrimination, and there were no long-term follow-up studies. There is therefore insufficient evidence at present to know which overall types of intervention may be effective and feasible and in LAMICs, how best to target key groups such as healthcare staff, and how far they may need to be locally customised to be acceptable for large-scale use in these settings. In particular, forms of social contacts, which have been shown to be the most effective intervention to reduce stigma among adults in HICs, have not yet been assessed sufficiently to know whether these methods are also effective in LAMICs.Conclusion.Generating information about effective interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination in LAMICs is now an important mental health priority worldwide.
Evidence of liquid–liquid transition in glass-forming La50Al35Ni15 melt above liquidus temperature
Authors: Xu Wei , Sandor Magdalena T. , Yu Yao , Ke Hai-Bo , Zhang Hua-Ping , Li Mao-Zhi , Wang Wei-Hua , Liu Lin , Wu Yue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLiquid–liquid transition, a phase transition of one liquid phase to another with the same composition, provides a key opportunity for investigating the relationship between liquid structures and dynamics. Here we report experimental evidences of a liquid–liquid transition in glass-forming La50Al35Ni15 melt above its liquidus temperature by 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance including the temperature dependence of cage volume fluctuations and atomic diffusion. The observed dependence of the incubation time on the degree of undercooling is consistent with a first-order phase transition. Simulation results indicate that such transition is accompanied by the change of bond-orientational order without noticeable change in density. The temperature dependence of atomic diffusion revealed by simulations is also in agreement with experiments. These observations indicate the need of two-order parameters in describing phase transitions of liquids.
Single-step fabrication of quantum funnels via centrifugal colloidal casting of nanoparticle films
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Adinolfi Valerio , Sutherland Brandon R. , Voznyy Oleksandr , Kwon S. Joon , Kim Tae Wu , Kim Jeongho , Ihee Hyotcherl , Kemp Kyle , Adachi Michael , Yuan Mingjian , Kramer Illan , Zhitomirsky David , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCentrifugal casting of composites and ceramics has been widely employed to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of functional materials. This powerful method has yet to be deployed in the context of nanoparticles—yet size–effect tuning of quantum dots is among their most distinctive and application-relevant features. Here we report the first gradient nanoparticle films to be constructed in a single step. By creating a stable colloid of nanoparticles that are capped with electronic-conduction-compatible ligands we were able to leverage centrifugal casting for thin-films devices. This new method, termed centrifugal colloidal casting, is demonstrated to form films in a bandgap-ordered manner with efficient carrier funnelling towards the lowest energy layer. We constructed the first quantum-gradient photodiode to be formed in a single deposition step and, as a result of the gradient-enhanced electric field, experimentally measured the highest normalized detectivity of any colloidal quantum dot photodetector.
Landau level splitting in Cd3As2 under high magnetic fields
Authors: Cao Junzhi , Liang Sihang , Zhang Cheng , Liu Yanwen , Huang Junwei , Jin Zhao , Chen Zhi-Gang , Wang Zhijun , Wang Qisi , Zhao Jun , Li Shiyan , Dai Xi , Zou Jin , Xia Zhengcai , Li Liang , Xiu Faxian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThree-dimensional topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) are a new kind of Dirac materials that exhibit linear energy dispersion in the bulk and can be viewed as three-dimensional graphene. It has been proposed that TDSs can be driven to other exotic phases like Weyl semimetals, topological insulators and topological superconductors by breaking certain symmetries. Here we report the first transport experiment on Landau level splitting in TDS Cd3As2 single crystals under high magnetic fields, suggesting the removal of spin degeneracy by breaking time reversal symmetry. The detected Berry phase develops an evident angular dependence and possesses a crossover from non-trivial to trivial state under high magnetic fields, a strong hint for a fierce competition between the orbit-coupled field strength and the field-generated mass term. Our results unveil the important role of symmetry breaking in TDSs and further demonstrate a feasible path to generate a Weyl semimetal phase by breaking time reversal symmetry.
Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis and inhibits STAT3 via IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in Gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells
Authors: Cao Wei , Liu Ying , Zhang Ran , Zhang Bo , Wang Teng , Zhu Xianbing , Mei Lin , Chen Hongbo , Zhang Hongling , Ming Pinghong , Huang Laiqiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mostly used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Unfortunately, treatment with Gefitinib for a period of time will result in drug resistance and cause treatment failure in clinic. Therefore, exploring novel compounds to overcome this resistance is urgently required. Here we investigated the antitumor effect of homoharringtonine (HHT), a natural compound extracted from Cephalotaxus harringtonia, on Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. NCI-H1975 cells with EGFR T790M mutation are more sensitive to HHT treatment compared with that of A549 cells with wild type EGFR. HHT inhibited cells growth, cell viability and colony formation, as well as induced cell apoptosis through mitochondria pathway. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism of HHT inhibition on NSCLC cells. Higher level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) existed in lung cancer patients and mutant EGFR and TGFβ signal requires the upregulation of IL-6 through the gp130/JAK pathway to overactive STAT3, an oncogenic protein which has been considered as a potential target for cancer therapy. HHT reversiblely inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 Tyrosine 705 phosphorylation and reduced anti-apoptotic proteins expression. Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC xenograft tests also confirmed the antitumor effect of HHT in vivo. Consequently, HHT has the potential in Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC treatment.
Spinal mechanisms underlying potentiation of hindpaw responses observed after transient hindpaw ischemia in mice
Authors: Watanabe Tatsunori , Sasaki Mika , Komagata Seiji , Tsukano Hiroaki , Hishida Ryuichi , Kohno Tatsuro , Baba Hiroshi , Shibuki Katsuei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransient ischemia produces postischemic tingling sensation. Ischemia also produces nerve conduction block that may modulate spinal neural circuits. In the present study, reduced mechanical thresholds for hindpaw-withdrawal reflex were found in mice after transient hindpaw ischemia, which was produced by a high pressure applied around the hindpaw for 30 min. The reduction in the threshold was blocked by spinal application of LY354740, a specific agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. Neural activities in the spinal cord and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were investigated using activity-dependent changes in endogenous fluorescence derived from mitochondrial flavoproteins. Ischemic treatment induced potentiation of the ipsilateral spinal and contralateral S1 responses to hindpaw stimulation. Both types of potentiation were blocked by spinal application of LY354740. The contralateral S1 responses, abolished by lesioning the ipsilateral dorsal column, reappeared after ischemic treatment, indicating that postischemic tingling sensation reflects a sensory modality shift from tactile sensation to nociception in the spinal cord. Changes in neural responses were investigated during ischemic treatment in the contralateral spinal cord and the ipsilateral S1. Potentiation already appeared during ischemic treatment for 30 min. The present findings suggest that the postischemic potentiation shares spinal mechanisms, at least in part, with neuropathic pain.
OsRDR6 plays role in host defense against double-stranded RNA virus, Rice Dwarf Phytoreovirus
Authors: Hong Wei , Qian Dan , Sun Runhong , Jiang Lin , Wang Yu , Wei Chunhong , Zhang Zhongkai , Li Yi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRNAi is a major antiviral defense response in plant and animal model systems. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) is an essential component of RNAi, which plays an important role in the resistance against viruses in the model plants. We found previously that rice RDR6 (OsRDR6) functioned in the defense against Rice stripe virus (RSV) and Rice Dwarf Phytoreovirus (RDV) infection resulted in down-regulation of expression of RDR6. Here we report our new findings on the function of OsRDR6 against RDV. Our result showed that down-regulation of OsRDR6 through the antisense (OsRDR6AS) strategy increased rice susceptibility to RDV infection while over-expression of OsRDR6 had no effect on RDV infection. The accumulation of RDV vsiRNAs was reduced in the OsRDR6AS plants. In the OsRDR6 over-expressed plants, the levels of OsRDR6 RNA transcript and protein were much higher than that in the control plants. Interestingly, the accumulation level of OsRDR6 protein became undetectable after RDV infection. This finding indicated that the translation and/or stability of OsRDR6 protein were negatively impacted upon RDV infection. This new finding provides a new light on the function of RDR6 in plant defense response and the cross-talking between factors encoded by host plant and double-stranded RNA viruses.
Fe65 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion through Tip60 Mediated Cortactin Acetylation
Authors: Sun Yuefeng , Sun Jianwei , Lungchukiet Panida , Quarni Waise , Yang Shengyu , Zhang Xiaohong , Bai Wenlong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFe65 is a brain-enriched adaptor protein known for its role in the action of the Aβ amyloid precursor protein in neuronal cells and Alzheimer’s disease, but little is known about its functions in cancer cells. The present study documents for the first time a role of Fe65 in suppressing breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies suggest that the suppression is mediated through its phosphotyrosine binding domain 1 that mediates the recruitment of Tip60 to cortactin to stimulate its acetylation. The studies identify the Tip60 acetyltransferase as a cytoplasmic drug target for the therapeutic intervention of metastatic breast cancers.
Comparative Meta-Analysis of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate versus Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate as Treatments for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Cui Guangying , Xu Xuejun , Diao Hongyan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy has proven superior antiviral efficacy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients; however, whether the combination of TDF and emtricitabine (FTC) exerts a significant advantage remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively compare the therapeutic effects of FTC/TDF combination with TDF alone in CHB patients. Five studies involving 614 patients were identified and subgroup analysis was performed based on the nucleos(t)ide treatment history. Our results revealed that in patients with nucleos(t)ide-naïve treatment, there were no significant differences between the treatment groups with TDF alone and FTC/TDF combination after 12 and 24 weeks; however, the FTC/TDF combination showed better viral suppression efficacy versus TDF alone after 48 (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06–4.41, P = 0.03), 96 (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.29–5.92, P = 0.009) and 192 weeks (OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.21–5.56, P = 0.01). In patients with nucleos(t)ide treatment history, no differences were noted between the two treatment groups after 12, 24, 48 and 96 weeks. Our results indicated that FTC/TDF combination showed better viral suppression efficacy versus TDF alone in CHB patients with nucleos(t)ide-naïve treatment, while both treatments provided similar viral suppression efficacy in CHB patients with nucleos(t)ide treatment history.
Identification of common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.; Equisetaceae) using Thin Layer Chromatography versus DNA barcoding
Authors: Saslis-Lagoudakis C. Haris , Bruun-Lund Sam , Iwanycki Natalie E. , Seberg Ole , Petersen Gitte , Jäger Anna K. , Rønsted Nina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe global herbal products market has grown in recent years, making regulation of these products paramount for public healthcare. For instance, the common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) is used in numerous herbal products, but it can be adulterated with closely related species, especially E. palustre L. that can produce toxic alkaloids. As morphology-based identification is often difficult or impossible, the identification of processed material can be aided by molecular techniques. In this study, we explore two molecular identification techniques as methods of testing the purity of these products: a Thin Layer Chromatography approach (TLC-test) included in the European Pharmacopoeia and a DNA barcoding approach, used in recent years to identify material in herbal products. We test the potential of these methods for distinguishing and identifying these species using material from herbarium collections and commercial herbal products. We find that both methods can discriminate between the two species and positively identify E. arvense. The TLC-test is more cost- and time-efficient, but DNA barcoding is more powerful in determining the identity of adulterant species. Our study shows that, although DNA barcoding presents certain advantages, other established laboratory methods can perform as well or even better in confirming species’ identity in herbal products.
Resolving single membrane fusion events on planar pore-spanning membranes
Authors: Schwenen Lando L. G. , Hubrich Raphael , Milovanovic Dragomir , Geil Burkhard , Yang Jian , Kros Alexander , Jahn Reinhard , Steinem Claudia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEven though a number of different in vitro fusion assays have been developed to analyze protein mediated fusion, they still only partially capture the essential features of the in vivo situation. Here we established an in vitro fusion assay that mimics the fluidity and planar geometry of the cellular plasma membrane to be able to monitor fusion of single protein-containing vesicles. As a proof of concept, planar pore-spanning membranes harboring SNARE-proteins were generated on highly ordered functionalized 1.2 μm-sized pore arrays in Si3N4. Full mobility of the membrane components was demonstrated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Fusion was analyzed by two color confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy in a time resolved manner allowing to readily distinguish between vesicle docking, intermediate states such as hemifusion and full fusion. The importance of the membrane geometry on the fusion process was highlighted by comparing SNARE-mediated fusion with that of a minimal SNARE fusion mimetic.
400 mW narrow-linewidth Tm-doped silica fiber laser output near 1750nm with volume Bragg grating
Authors: Quan Zhao , Gao Cunxiao , Guo Haitao , Wang Ning , Cui Xiaoxia , Xu Yantao , Peng Bo , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA type of Tm-doped silica fiber laser with narrow-linewidth and output wavelength near 1750 nm was firstly presented, by using a 1550 nm Er-doped fiber laser pump source and a volume Bragg grating (VBG). By means of a 15 cm Tm-doped fiber, a 400 mW continuous wave (cw) at ~1750 nm with FWHW of ~54 pm was generated, corresponding to an average slope efficiency up to 23.5% with respect to absorbed pump power. The influence of gain fiber length on the spectrum wavelength has been investigated in detail. All experimental results demonstrate that this fiber laser will be an effective and promising pump source for mid-IR laser output.
Rapid intraoperative visualization of breast lesions with γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green
Authors: Ueo Hiroki , Shinden Yoshiaki , Tobo Taro , Gamachi Ayako , Udo Mitsuaki , Komatsu Hisateru , Nambara Sho , Saito Tomoko , Ueda Masami , Hirata Hidenari , Sakimura Shotaro , Takano Yuki , Uchi Ryutaro , Kurashige Junji , Akiyoshi Sayuri , Iguchi Tomohiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Sugimachi Keishi , Kubota Yoko , Kai Yuichiro , Shibuta Kenji , Kijima Yuko , Yoshinaka Heiji , Natsugoe Shoji , Mori Masaki , Maehara Yoshihiko , Sakabe Masayo , Kamiya Mako , Kakareka John W. , Pohida Thomas J. , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka , Ueo Hiroaki , Urano Yasuteru , Mimori Koshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe previously developed γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) as a tool to detect viable cancer cells, based on the fact that the enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed on membranes of various cancer cells, but is not expressed in normal tissue. Cleavage of the probe by GGT generates green fluorescence. Here, we examined the feasibility of clinical application of gGlu-HMRG during breast-conserving surgery. We found that fluorescence derived from cleavage of gGlu-HMRG allowed easy discrimination of breast tumors, even those smaller than 1 mm in size, from normal mammary gland tissues, with 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity, within only 5 min after application. We believe this rapid, low-cost method represents a breakthrough in intraoperative margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of miR-322: potential role in proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zeng Yan , Liu Hongtao , Kang Kang , Wang Zhiwei , Hui Gang , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhong Jiasheng , Peng Wenda , Ramchandran Ramaswamy , Usha Raj J. , Gou Deming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is growing evidence that microRNAs play important roles in cellular responses to hypoxia and in pulmonary hypertensive vascular remodeling, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified miR-322 as one of the microRNAs induced in lungs of chronically hypoxic mice and rats. The expression of miR-322 was also upregulated in primary cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in response to hypoxia. We demonstrated that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, transcriptionally upregulates the expression of miR-322 in hypoxia. Furthermore, miR-322 facilitated the accumulation of HIF-1α in the nucleus and promoted hypoxia-induced cell proliferation and migration. Direct targeting BMPR1a and smad5 by miR-322 was demonstrated in PASMCs suggesting that downregulation of BMP-Smad signaling pathway may be mediating the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration. Our study implicates miR-322 in the hypoxic proliferative response of PASMCs suggesting that it may be playing a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension.
Bombyx E75 isoforms display stage- and tissue-specific responses to 20-hydroxyecdysone
Authors: Li Kang , Guo Enen , Hossain Muktadir S. , Li Qingrong , Cao Yang , Tian Ling , Deng Xiaojuan , Li Sheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractResulted from alternative splicing of the 5′ exons, the nuclear receptor gene E75 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, processes three mRNA isoforms, BmE75A, BmE75B and BmE75C. From the early 5th larval instar to the prepupal stages, BmE75A mRNA and protein levels in the prothoracic glands display developmental profiles similar to ecdysteroid titer. In the fat body, mRNA levels but not protein levels of all three BmE75 isoforms correlate with ecdysteroid titer; moreover, proteins of all three BmE75 isoforms disappear at the prepupal stages and a modified BmE75 protein with smaller molecular weight and cytoplasm localization occurs. At the early 5th larval instar stage, treatment of the prothoracic glands and fat body with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and/or cycloheximide (CHX) revealed that BmE75A is 20E primary-responsive at both mRNA and protein levels, while BmE75B and BmE75C exhibit various responses to 20E. At the early wandering stage, RNAi-mediated reduction of gene expression of the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP, significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of all three BmE75 isoforms in both tissues. In conclusion, BmE75 isoforms display stage- and tissue-specific responses to 20E at both mRNA and protein levels; moreover, they are regulated by other unknown factors at the protein level.
2.5 Gbit/s burst‐mode receiver with rapid response and high tolerance to CIDs for PON systems
Authors: Mita D. , Yoshima S. , Noda M. 
Published: July 2015

A 2.5 Gbit/s burst‐mode receiver for passive optical network (PON) systems with both a fast receiver settling time of 24.1 ns and a high tolerance to consecutive identical digits (CIDs) of 629 bits, by using a preamplifier with a unique peak‐detecting automatic gain control function is developed. It is broadly applicable to the time‐ and wavelength‐division multiplexed‐PON systems of NG‐PON2, which need a wide dynamic range suitable for a 64‐way split and a transmission distance exceeding 40 km.
Compact broadband balun‐based UWB‐BPF with minimum insertion loss and sharp selectivity
Authors: Ghazali A.N. , Sazid M. , Pal S. 
Published: July 2015

A novel and compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on the broadband balun mechanism is proposed. The proposed structure is made up of two back‐to‐back open circuited meandered microstrip lines on the top plane coupled in a broadside fashion with a short circuited co‐planar waveguide in the ground. This configuration gives rise to a smooth UWB passband with an insertion loss of <0.19 dB in simulation and two transmission zeros at the lower and upper passband edges which provide sharp selectivity. To confirm the theory a prototype is fabricated and its measured response is found to be in close agreement with the simulated response. The proposed structure is very small in size measuring only 14.6 × 7.3 mm2.