bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS—TANK BARGE MORRIS J. BERMAN SPILL1
Authors: Stanton Edwin M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The tank barge Morris J. Berman grounded on January 7, 1994, spilling at least 750,000 gallons of low API fuel oil onto the most heavily used beaches of San Juan, Puerto Rico, at the height of tourist season. The vessel's condition deteriorated rapidly due to heavy ocean swells. Most of the discharged oil was blown directly ashore into three natural containment basins. The rest beached in varying quantities along 65 kilometers of shoreline on the north coast from Loiza to Punta Borinquen. On January 8, lightering and salvage operations commenced, the barge was removed from strand on January 15, towed offshore, and scuttled approximately 28 kilometers north of San Juan in 1,000 fathoms of water. Response operations were complicated by the large quantities of oil that sank while retaining its original viscosity and remaining highly mobile. This required a technically, logistically, and financially demanding cleanup operation involving diving, dredging, sand removal, sand washing, sand replacement, and biodegradation.
TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO STATE HAS GONE BEFORE1
Authors: Boland William , Bontadelli Pete 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Marine Safety Division of the 11th Coast Guard District and the California Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response are pursuing new avenues to assure that federal, state, and local efforts in California achieve the goals of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990. Coordination of the seven California area committees, publishing detailed area contingency plans, and the implemention of a memorandum of agreement on oil spill prevention and response highlight recent cooperative successes. In 1994 a joint Coast Guard/state/industry incident command system task force drafted an ICS field operations guide and incident action plan forms that meet National Interagency Incident Management System and fire scope ICS requirements.
SENSITIVITY MAPPING WORLDWIDE: HARMONIZATION AND THE NEEDS OF DIFFERENT USER GROUPS
Authors: Baker Jenifer M. , Spalding Mark , Moore Jon 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Prospective user groups of sensitivity maps for oil spill response have a variety of needs related to different categories of oil spill, ranging from localized tier 1 spills at fixed installations (such as oil terminals) to catastrophic tier 3 spills. The latter may affect large areas and possibly more than one country. Uses of maps range from planning practical site-specific shore cleanup to strategic planning on a regional scale for “passing ship” scenarios in remote areas. The paper discusses different map types, map scales, categories of information to be included, and symbology, bearing in mind the requirements of different users. Reference is made to international examples. A considerable degree of harmonization of approach for sensitivity maps worldwide can be achieved. However, given that resources can vary tremendously from one region to another, it seems better to promote a broad consistency with respect to symbology rather than an exhaustively detailed scheme to cover every possible resource worldwide.
IMO-OPRC INFORMATION SYSTEM1
Authors: Ohne Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
To facilitate response activities of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states with respect to oil pollution in the Persian Gulf, the IMO Oil Pollution Co-ordination Centre (OPCC) was established in February 1991. During such operations and other relevant activities, it was recognized that databases on national contact points and the type of assistance member states could offer would be valuable and should be developed. In addition, the OPCC has developed other databases and utilized them when the OPCC responds to oil pollution emergencies and provides general advice concerning oil pollution preparedness and response to member states. These activities are related to some of the requirements assigned to IMO under the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (the OPRC Convention). The convention will enter into force on May 13, 1995.
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE NATIONAL RESPONSE SYSTEMS1
Authors: Thompson Edmond P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A commonsense approach is proposed for the provision of guidance to developing countries engaged in the formulation of national oil spill response systems. Key to the concept is the development of the system by the country's own professionals with the help of an international assistance team (IAT). The membership of the IAT is custom designed to suit the culture and technical needs of each country.
The international assistance team provides the training necessary to the professionals from the receiving country who will draft the national response policy and oversee the drafting of the national contingency plan. The IAT then enters into a partnership with this core group to complete the remaining response system development. The involvement of the IAT decreases as the program progresses towards self-sufficiency.
The program's goal is to develop a sustainable response system. The planning process will follow already established, internationally accepted practices such as risk assessment and identification of sensitive areas to protect. In cases where the identified risks and sensitive areas necessitate a larger system than the country can sustain, bilateral and regional agreements will be sought to guarantee rapid assistance in the event of a spill. The program is compatible with the concept of “twinning,” where a developed country enters into partnership with a developing country, thereby increasing the sustainable level of response.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ECOLOGICALLY SOUND MEASURES, AND DOCUMENTATION OF OIL SPILLS
Authors: Törling Gustav , Fejes Jonas 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The geographic information system (GIS) is an objective and standardized oil spill impact assessment tool. In addition to the impact assessment, the GIS provides a helpful tool for judging the size of the impact, choosing environmentally sound cleanup techniques, and planning resources utilization. All information put into a GIS, including daily activity reports, will constitute the essential base for claims from the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund).
Impact assessment. Before cleanup activities start, an impact assessment is made. The impacted area is geographically defined in the field with the detailed geographic position system (dGPS) and maps. Type of coastline, spill volume, and type of oil are documented for each impacted area. If necessary, photos and other information concerning the impacted area are included in the GIS.
Determination of cleanup method. Documented information from the impact assessment is analyzed together with databases containing ecological sensitivity maps, cleanup methods, and experience. The analysis made using the GIS will suggest what cleanup method/s should be used and how best to use resources. The cleanup method(s) chosen by use of the GIS is presented in digital maps and tables of resources needed.
Daily activity reports. All daily activities are documented in the GIS. These include time spent, costs, site, amount of oil cleaned up and method used for cleanup, transfer of oil, and waste disposal. Total and specific cost for each impacted area is calculated daily.
Commanders report. The GIS provides the commander with a total report of all actions taken during the cleanup operation. The report contains total costs, claims, experience, geographical location, date and time, and an impact assessment.
Advantages of the GIS. The GIS provides a standardized and objective impact assessment for each contaminated area and at the same time suggests what cleanup method to use. The system can present daily reports of information and activities undertaken, and easily specify the cost for each activity. The GIS also can present a final report immediately upon completion of the work.
TRACE METALS AND BIOMARKERS IN OIL: A TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPILLS
Authors: Gadi Ranu , Kapoor S. , Rawat H. S. , Chandra K. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The western offshore oil activities contribute significantly to India's hydrocarbon requirements. Oil spills in the sea cause serious problems to marine ecology and oil installations. Since weathering effects interfere with most of the matching methods now in use, a crude fingerprinting method is needed to identify the sources of oil spilled on the west coast. The ratios of n-alkanes and isoprenoids, along with trace elements, apparently are independent of weathering effects and thus could be especially useful in the matching of oil to its source.
TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE OIL SPILL GIS AND TRAJECTORY MODELING
Authors: Martin Robert D. , Moosavi Mehrdad M. , Smith Lee A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Texas General Land Office (GLO) has developed elements of an oil spill decision support system that integrate a trajectory model, a real-time environmental monitoring network, and a customized geographic information system (GIS) application. Through applied research, the GLO is striving to improve the reliability of oil spill trajectory modeling by improving the quality and timeliness of the environmental inputs. A GLO-developed GIS user interface facilitates the quick and efficient production of high-quality maps, to provide spill response managers with timely environmental and other spill-related information.
TRENDS IN OIL SPILL RATES FOR FOUR HIGH-TRAFFIC AREAS
Authors: Thomas Gail , Yoshioka Gary , Kaiman Brad 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A paper presented at the 1981 International Oil Spill Conference analyzed spill data in four regions of the United States that carry heavy oil traffic and focused on spills of more than 10,000 gallons in the years 1974 through 1977, to determine what differences, if any, exist in the spill rates. The findings of that earlier study are compared with more recent (1990–1993) data from the Emergency Response Notification System and the Oil Spill Intelligence Report to show how the patterns have changed.
MSRC SHUTTLE BARGE SYSTEM FOR SHALLOW-WATER OIL SPILL CLEANUP
Authors: Dowell George W. , Coudon Tom 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
When the U.S. Coast Guard stipulated that 20 percent of oil spill response requirement had to be capable of use in shallow water, MSRC began the design of a new system. To meet the recovery capacity requirements, early decisions mandated that the system be operable in two feet of water with a swift current, capable of beaching without damage, road transportable without permits, and comply with all Coast Guard rules for documentation and inspection. The resulting shuttle barge systems are stored, on trailers, at 15 coastal U.S. sites, and in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES AT CEDRE
Authors: Kantin Roger , Albrecht Michel , Blanc Joseph , Tiercelin Claudine Le Mut 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
French response capabilities in case of accidental water pollution are based on CEDRE's expertise in mitigation of both oil and chemical spills in marine and inland waters. As an association under the Ministry of the Environment, CEDRE acts for national organizations (such as the French Navy or Civil Security) or for private companies (oil and shipping companies). Its help can be provided from a distance (by phone/fax) or on the scene of the operation.
ELECTRONIC DESKTOP MAPPING: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ATLASES OF THE GREAT LAKES
Authors: Baker Philip , Rowe Christine 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Environmental sensitivity atlases of the Canadian shorelines of Lake Superior, Lake Ontario, and Lake Huron have been completed in digital (desktop geographic information system) and paper formats for use in responses to spills of oil and other hazardous materials. These atlases allow responders to work from a common basis to rapidly identify the resources at risk during a spill and their relative priorities for protection and cleanup.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO QUANTIFY CHEMICALLY DISPERSED CRUDE BIOAVAILABILITY TO PHYTOPLANKTON
Authors: Younghans-Haug Christopher O. , Wolfe Martha F. , Tjeerdema Ronald S. , Sowby Michael L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A method for quantifying the influence of dispersants on petroleum bioavailability to primary producers in marine food chains has been developed, using the common marine alga Isochrysis galbana as the primary producer. Considerations pertinent to exposure media preparation, exposure chamber apparatus, and quantification strategies are presented.
SEABIRD RESTORATION: A REVIEW OF NEEDS AND OPTIONS
Authors: Divoky George J. , Harrison Craig 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Seabird restoration plans require reliable estimates of the birds directly affected by a spill and the impact of that mortality on populations. They also require restoration techniques known to increase the rate of natural recovery. Unfortunately, restoration proposals have been hindered by damage assessments based on outdated and/or inappropriate data, exaggerated estimates of damages, and a lack of proven restoration techniques. Regular monitoring of seabird resources, knowledge of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing populations, and recognition of the typically limited role humans can play in seabird restoration will lead to the development of more realistic restoration plans.
BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT OIL RESIDUES FOUR YEARS FOLLOWING THE MARTINEZ SPILL
Authors: Boehm Paul D. , Costa Helder J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Transplanted bivalves were used as sentinel organisms to assess bioavailability of San Joaquin Valley (SJV) crude oil residues in impacted sediments four years following the 1988 Shell Martinez Refinery spill in Suisun Bay, California. Sediments, bivalves exposed for three months, and control (unexposed) bivalves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study documented a range of weathering stages, and a range of mixtures of SJV crude oil with another petrogenic source, pyrogenic PAHs, and diagenic alkyl PAHs in Peyton Slough intertidal sediments four years following the spill. Less-weathered SJV oil residues remaining in the estuarine sediments were more bioavailable than the intermediate or advanced weathered residues, and more bioavailable than the pyrogenic PAHs that comprise the background PAHs in the Suisun Bay sediments.
RESOLVING THE TOW SPEED THAT CAUSES BOOM OIL LOSS
Authors: DeVitis David S. , Hannon Larry 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Oil loss boom testing at the Ohmsett test facility obtained first loss tow speeds that averaged 0.75 knots. These results supported flume testing and became a rule of thumb. About 1980 the OITC1 identified the fact that basin side wall and bottom clearances affected first loss performance. Investigations defined a relation between boom skirt depth and basin clearances. Evolution of test methods demonstrated 30 percent higher relative tow speeds. A protocol was developed, and recent testing has resulted in first loss tow speeds as high as 1.5 knots. First loss testing has progressed steadily at Ohmsett and current efforts focus on understanding hydrodynamic effects.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: KEY TO ACHIEVING AND MAINTAINING OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Tyler Andrew , Walker Mike 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Recent developments in oil spill information systems have extended the accessibility of information to users in operational and planning environments through the integration of databases, predictive models, expert systems and advanced user interfaces. Such systems now represent the gateway to full “command and control” systems for oil spill preparedness and response.
INTEGRATED OIL CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Allers Jan , Penny Stu 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The primary goal of oil spill response crews is to prevent oil from going ashore. Thus, the measure of an oil spill recovery system's performance becomes the volume of spilled oil recovered per unit time. Throughout the 1980s and into the ‘90s, developments have been made which increase both the encounter and recovery rates of oil on water. The thesis of this paper is that the role of a recovery system is first to contain spilled oil and then to concentrate the oil such that skimmers may operate at their maximum rated capacity.
THE NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN PRODUCT SCHEDULE DATABASE
Authors: Thomas Gail F. , Moore Gary N. , Tyrance-Strickland Linda 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Emergency Response Division maintains the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule Database that allows users to view and compare product data quickly and efficiently. The current word processing format of the NC? Product Schedule Notebook does not allow for the rapid and efficient searching of toxicity and effectiveness data. Rapid access to NCP product data is vital to on-scene coordinators during the early stages of spills. The NCP Product Schedule Database provides the user with a mechanism to quickly view and/or print product data, comparison reports, and product lists.
BIOTREATMENT OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION IN OPEN SYSTEMS
Authors: Rosenberg Eugene , Legmann Rachel , Ron Eliora Z. , Griffin W. Michael , Merski A. Thomas 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A new technology overcomes one of the major problems in applying biological based methods to oil spills in open systems, supplying nutrients in a form that remains associated with the oil for significant periods. The technology, System ET 20, uses specific bacterial strains that adhere to hydrocarbons and a unique oleophilic, controlled-release nitrogen and phosphorous source. Tests using crude oil indicate that System ET 20 can significantly degrade the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil. There is also some indication of significant attack on the polar components of the oil, although this fraction is difficult to monitor analytically.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE AEGEAN SEA OIL SPILL
Authors: Daniel Pierre 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A numerical study of the trajectory of the Aegean Sea oil slick was made, using the Météo-France oil spill model. The model, configured for operation on a workstation, predicts the drift, spread, dispersion, and shoreline interaction of the spilled oil. Its main component is a hydrodynamic ocean model, forced by the wind fields of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric model. Model predictions were compared with results of aircraft and beach surveys.
NUTRIENT RETENTION IN THE BIOREMEDIATION ZONE OF A SANDY BEACH
Authors: Wrenn Brian A. , Suidan Makram T. , Strohmeier Kevin L. , Eberhardt B. Loye , Wilson Gregory J. , Venosa Albert D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A tracer study was conducted on a low-energy beach in Delaware Bay to determine how the nutrient washout rate is affected by the tidal cycle. When tracer was applied during spring tide, it was reduced to background levels following a single high tide; but when it was applied during neap tide, tracer persisted in the bioremediation zone for a much longer time. The washout rate was found to be related to the extent of water coverage during high tide.
OIL SPILL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE VENEZUELAN OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Villoria Carlos , Pérez Rosa 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In 1991, the Venezuelan oil industry, through INTEVEP, its research and development subsidiary, started a project to implement an oil spill decision support system (DEPET 4.0) for the Venezuelan national oil spill contingency plan. For this primary tool for taking spill response actions in operational drills and real emergencies, the industry developed a database of possible scenarios in predetermined sites and for natural resource damage assessment.
The system covers the entire Venezuelan coastline, with each of five management zones serviced by a separate base map and data.
ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT CANADA EMERGENCY OFFICERS IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ladanowski Caroline 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Environment Canada has established standard operating procedures (SOPs) for their emergency response officers so that they can respond to environmental emergencies with a uniform and professional approach. The SOPs cover a wide range of issues due to the complexity and intricacy of spills and related emergency situations. The focus here is on procedures for responding to oil spills. These include, but are not limited to, conducting a preliminary assessment of the spill, determining lead government agency responsibility, assessing and addressing response and protection needs, ensuring appropriate information is documented and distributed to concerned groups, dealing with the media, obtaining legal evidence and support, arranging finances, and using and obtaining approval for implementing certain response technologies.
INTEGRATED HYDRODYNAMIC-OIL SPILL MODELING IN COASTAL WATERWAYS USING SPILLSIM
Authors: Hodgins Donald, O. , Solis Ruben , Martin Robert 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In estuaries and coastal waterways oil spill models must be coupled with hydrodynamic models to give accurate slick predictions. Two case studies show how the UNIX-based SPILLSIM model can be used to advantage with either two-dimensional finite-element current models (Galveston Bay) or three-dimensional current models (Juan de Fuca-Strait of Georgia waterway).
GETTING A “GRP:” THE GEOGRAPHIC RESPONSE PLANNING EFFORT IN WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Heimowitz Paul 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Geographic response plans (GRPs) lay out oil spill booming and collection strategies in priority order, as well as identify natural and logistical resources within a certain region. Nine draft GRPs currently exist for Washington's marine waters; another series is under development for the Columbia/Snake River system. Each GRP evolved from a workshop where a diverse set of participants designed protection strategies and priorities, based on information about sensitive natural resources and local currents and tides. Draft plans are now being refined through field verification and public review. Recent spills have confirmed the value of GRPs in enabling rapid resource protection.
MAJOR OIL SPILL INCIDENTS: LESSONS FOR RESPONSE PLANNING
Authors: Stalcup Dana , Yoshioka Gary , Kaiman Brad , Siegmann Lora , Masters Kate 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
It is abundantly clear that we have a great deal to gain by preventing damaging oil spills. But what defines such spills? What are their sources, sizes, and the most appropriate response measures? To understand better what factors may help to minimize the amount of damage caused by oil spills, the authors examined case histories of major spills as reported in the Proceedings of the International Oil Spill Conferences. Data on factors related to the facility or vessel, environment, and response efforts for these spills were reviewed to identify important influences on environmental damage.
SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING FOR SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF RIVER CURRENTS
Authors: Slyman Paul , Heinitz Eric 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Response plans for the lower Columbia River will have to be amended to allow for the dramatic change in river currents resulting from winter precipitation and spring runoff and the presence of four major dams. Earlier response plans accounted for the seasonal variability of sensitive species as well as daily tidal fluctuations, but ignored the seasonal variability of river discharges. In the future, the Columbia River response community needs to be armed with strategies for both high- and low-flow river conditions.