bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restos romanos en torno a la ermita de San Sebastián: nuevos indicios de la posta de Turres (La Font de la Figuera, València)
Authors: López Serrano David , Arasa i Gil Ferrán , García Borja Pablo , Madaria Escudero José Luis 
Published: January 2014

El seguimiento arqueológico de unas obras ya iniciadas junto a la ermita de San Sebastián en La Font de la Figuera, ha permitido documentar estructuras de época romana altoimperial que identificamos como parte de la posta Turres, junto al trazado de la vía Augusta.
A Large Number of Southern Short-Tailed Shrew, Blarina carolinensis, Skulls Recovered From a Single Discarded Bottle
Authors: Platt Steven G. , Rainwater Thomas R. , Miller Stanlee M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The recovery of 25 southern short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis) skulls from a single discarded bottle in Louisiana appears to be the largest number of Blarina ever found in one bottle and reported in the literature. Conservation concerns about the impact of discarded bottles on small mammal faunas seem justified and warrant investigation.
Meeting the radiative forcing targets of the representative concentration pathways in a world with agricultural climate impacts
Authors: Kyle Page , Müller Christoph , Calvin Katherine , Thomson Allison 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study assesses how climate impacts on agriculture may change the evolution of the agricultural and energy systems in meeting the end‐of‐century radiative forcing targets of the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). We build on the recently completed Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI‐MIP) exercise that has produced global gridded estimates of future crop yields for major agricultural crops using climate model projections of the RCPs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). For this study we use the bias‐corrected outputs of the HadGEM2‐ES climate model as inputs to the LPJmL crop growth model, and the outputs of LPJmL to modify inputs to the GCAM integrated assessment model. Our results indicate that agricultural climate impacts generally lead to an increase in global cropland, as compared with corresponding emissions scenarios that do not consider climate impacts on agricultural productivity. This is driven mostly by negative impacts on wheat, rice, other grains, and oil crops. Still, including agricultural climate impacts does not significantly increase the costs or change the technological strategies of global, whole‐system emissions mitigation. In fact, to meet the most aggressive climate change mitigation target (2.6 W/m2 in 2100), the net mitigation costs are slightly lower when agricultural climate impacts are considered. Key contributing factors to these results are (a) low levels of climate change in the low‐forcing scenarios, (b) adaptation to climate impacts simulated in GCAM through inter‐regional shifting in the production of agricultural goods, and (c) positive average climate impacts on bioenergy crop yields.
Multimodel estimates of atmospheric lifetimes of long‐lived ozone‐depleting substances: Present and future
Authors: Chipperfield M. P. , Liang Q. , Strahan S. E. , Morgenstern O. , Dhomse S. S. , Abraham N. L. , Archibald A. T. , Bekki S. , Braesicke P. , Di Genova G. , Fleming E. L. , Hardiman S. C. , Iachetti D. , Jackman C. H. , Kinnison D. E. , Marchand M. , Pitari G. , Pyle J. A. , Rozanov E. , Stenke A. , Tummon F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have diagnosed the lifetimes of long‐lived source gases emitted at the surface and removed in the stratosphere using six three‐dimensional chemistry‐climate models and a two‐dimensional model. The models all used the same standard photochemical data. We investigate the effect of different definitions of lifetimes, including running the models with both mixing ratio (MBC) and flux (FBC) boundary conditions. Within the same model, the lifetimes diagnosed by different methods agree very well. Using FBCs versus MBCs leads to a different tracer burden as the implied lifetime contained in the MBC value does not necessarily match a model's own calculated lifetime. In general, there are much larger differences in the lifetimes calculated by different models, the main causes of which are variations in the modeled rates of ascent and horizontal mixing in the tropical midlower stratosphere. The model runs have been used to compute instantaneous and steady state lifetimes. For chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) their atmospheric distribution was far from steady state in their growth phase through to the 1980s, and the diagnosed instantaneous lifetime is accordingly much longer. Following the cessation of emissions, the resulting decay of CFCs is much closer to steady state. For 2100 conditions the model circulation speeds generally increase, but a thicker ozone layer due to recovery and climate change reduces photolysis rates. These effects compensate so the net impact on modeled lifetimes is small. For future assessments of stratospheric ozone, use of FBCs would allow a consistent balance between rate of CFC removal and model circulation rate.
Amyoplasia revisited
Authors: Hall Judith G. , Aldinger Kimberly A. , Tanaka Kimi I. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAmyoplasia is a specific type and the most common form of arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures). It is a clinical diagnosis at this time. Care should be used making the diagnosis because of the implications for recurrence, natural history, associated anomalies, and both etiology and pathogenesis. We reviewed over 600 published reports and 2,500 individual records to identify the 560 individuals reported here. Affected limbs had characteristic positions with fatty–fibrous replacement of muscle. Upper limb involvement was usually characterized by extended elbows. Lower limbs were held in various positions at birth; however, equinovarus positioning of feet was almost always present. Symmetric involvement was common. Among 560 affected individuals, subtypes were identified: four‐limb symmetric involvement (331/560 = 55.9%), severe involvement (41/560 = 7.3%), three‐limb involvement (27/560 = 4.8%), upper limb only Amyoplasia (ULA; 94/560 = 16.8%), and lower limb only Amyoplasia (LLA; 25/560 = 15.5%). Discordant monozygotic twinning was increased, occurring in 6.6% (37/560; OR 10.9). A variety of additional anomalies were seen, attributed to apparent vascular compromise. Gastrointestinal vascular compromise‐type anomalies were present in 9.1% (51/560), trunk muscle defects in another 2.7% (15/560), digit compromise in 12.1% (68/560), constriction rings in 4.3% (24/560), and perinatal long bone fractures in 10.5% (59/560). Although prenatal ultrasound became the standard of care in 1990, only about one quarter of affected pregnancies were diagnosed prenatally since 1990. Amyoplasia appears to be completely sporadic. Novel pathogenetic mechanisms for the congenital anomalies seen in Amyoplasia need to be identified. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Efficient Platinum Group Metal Free Based Membrane‐Electrode Assembly for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Pavel Claudiu C. , Cecconi Franco , Emiliani Chiara , Santiccioli Serena , Scaffidi Adriana , Catanorchi Stefano , Comotti Massimiliano 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLow‐temperature electricity‐driven water splitting is an established technology for hydrogen production. However, the two main types, namely proton exchange membrane (PEM) and liquid alkaline electrolysis, have limitations. For instance, PEM electrolysis requires a high amount of costly platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) catalysts, and liquid alkaline electrolysis is not well suited for intermittent operation. Herein we report a highly efficient alkaline polymer electrolysis design, which uses a membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) based on low‐cost transition‐metal catalysts and an anion exchange membrane (AEM). This system exhibited similar performance to the one achievable with PGM catalysts. Moreover, it is very suitable for intermittent power operation, durable, and able to efficiently operate at differential pressure up to 3 MPa. This system combines the benefits of PEM and liquid alkaline technologies allowing the scalable production of low‐cost hydrogen from renewable sources.
Nahtlose Integration von Dosis‐Wirkungs‐basiertem Screening und Flusschemie: effiziente Erzeugung von Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen von β‐Sekretase(BACE1)‐Hemmern
Authors: Werner Michael , Kuratli Christoph , Martin Rainer E. , Hochstrasser Remo , Wechsler David , Enderle Thilo , Alanine Alexander I. , Vogel Horst 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDie Arzneistoffentwicklung stellt ein vielfältiges Aufgabenfeld dar, welches als grundlegendes Element die Erzeugung von Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen (SAR) durch wiederholte chemische Synthese und biologische Aktivitätsbestimmung maßgeschneiderter Moleküle beinhaltet. Hier berichten wir über die Entwicklung eines Fluss‐basierten biochemischen Assays und seine nahtlose Einbindung in ein vollautomatisiertes System, bestehend aus flusschemischer Synthese, Aufreinigung und Quantifizierung in serieller Abfolge. Diese neuartige Synthese‐Screening‐Platform ermöglicht es, SAR‐Daten von β‐Sekretase‐Hemmern in einer bisher unerreichten Durchlaufzeit von 1 Stunde anstelle mehrerer Tage zu erhalten. Die vollständige Automatisierung und Einbindung industrielle Prozesse hat seit jeher zu Produktivitätssteigerung und Kosteneinsparungen geführt. Diese Studie zeigt, wie diese Konzepte angewandt auf die Erzeugung von SAR‐Daten, zu einem effizienteren Arzneistoffentwicklungsprozess führen können.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Size‐Defined Mesopores as Highly Efficient Metal‐Free Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wei Wei , Liang Haiwei , Parvez Khaled , Zhuang Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (NDCN) with size‐defined mesopores are reported as highly efficient metal‐free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A uniform and tunable mesoporous structure of NDCN is prepared using a templating approach. Such controlled mesoporous structure in the NDCN exerts an essential influence on the electrocatalytic performance in both alkaline and acidic media for the ORR. The NDCN catalyst with a pore diameter of 22 nm exhibits a more positive ORR onset potential than that of Pt/C (−0.01 V vs. −0.02 V) and a high diffusion‐limited current approaching that of Pt/C (5.45 vs. 5.78 mA cm−2) in alkaline medium. Moreover, the catalyst shows pronounced electrocatalytic activity and long‐term stability towards the ORR under acidic conditions. The unique planar mesoporous shells of the NDCN provide exposed highly electroactive and stable catalytic sites, which boost the electrocatalytic activity of metal‐free NDCN catalyst.
Small‐Molecule Control of Intracellular Protein Levels through Modulation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System
Authors: Buckley Dennis L. , Crews Craig M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTraditionally, biological probes and drugs have targeted the activities of proteins (such as enzymes and receptors) that can be readily controlled by small molecules. The remaining majority of the proteome has been deemed “undruggable”. By using small‐molecule modulators of the ubiquitin proteasome, protein levels, rather than protein activity, can be targeted instead, thus increasing the number of druggable targets. Whereas targeting of the proteasome itself can lead to a global increase in protein levels, the targeting of other components of the UPS (e.g., the E3 ubiquitin ligases) can lead to an increase in protein levels in a more targeted fashion. Alternatively, multiple strategies for inducing protein degradation with small‐molecule probes are emerging. With the ability to induce and inhibit the degradation of targeted proteins, small‐molecule modulators of the UPS have the potential to significantly expand the druggable portion of the proteome beyond traditional targets, such as enzymes and receptors.
Seamless Integration of Dose‐Response Screening and Flow Chemistry: Efficient Generation of Structure–Activity Relationship Data of β‐Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors
Authors: Werner Michael , Kuratli Christoph , Martin Rainer E. , Hochstrasser Remo , Wechsler David , Enderle Thilo , Alanine Alexander I. , Vogel Horst 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDrug discovery is a multifaceted endeavor encompassing as its core element the generation of structure‐activity relationship (SAR) data by repeated chemical synthesis and biological testing of tailored molecules. Herein, we report on the development of a flow‐based biochemical assay and its seamless integration into a fully automated system comprising flow chemical synthesis, purification and in‐line quantification of compound concentration. This novel synthesis‐screening platform enables to obtain SAR data on b‐secretase (BACE1) inhibitors at an unprecedented cycle time of only 1 h instead of several days. Full integration and automation of industrial processes have always led to productivity gains and cost reductions, and this work demonstrates how applying these concepts to SAR generation may lead to a more efficient drug discovery process.
Effects of cooling temperature and aging treatment on the morphology of nano‐ and micro‐porous poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) membranes by thermal induced phase separation method
Authors: Chang Hsu‐Hsien , Beltsios Konstantinos , Chen Yih‐Hang , Lin Dar‐Jong , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH 32) / 1,3‐propanediol mixtures are processed by thermally induced phase separation for the formation of porous membranes. The crystallization line was determined both by the cloud‐point and DSC methods. Two precursor solution compositions, four quench temperatures and various aging times were explored. It is found possible to generate both polymer‐crystallization controlled morphologies (for high quenches and/or sufficiently aged dopes), especially globular microporous ones, and novel nano‐scale porous morphologies dominated by intra‐binodal phase separation (for low quenches and limited or no precursor solution aging). Structural characterization of the membranes was accomplished via application of scanning electron microscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40374.
Contribution of hydrogen and/or covalent bonds on reinforcement of natural rubber latex films with surface modified silica
Authors: Somaratne M. Chandani Wasantha , Liyanage N. M. Vinitha Kalyani , Walpalage Shantha 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA macromolecular coupling agent containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups is made to react with precipitated silica. Interfacial interactions between OH groups of silica and COOH groups of macromolecule are found to be created through either hydrogen bonds alone or through hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Aqueous dispersions of unmodified and modified silica are prepared and the colloidal stability and particle size distribution of the dispersions are observed. The dispersions at neutral pH are incorporated into vulcanized/unvulcanized natural rubber latex. The formation of hydrogen bonds and/or covalent bonds is studied via FTIR spectroscopy and their contribution in encouraging filler‐rubber interactions is emphasized through mechanical and swelling properties. Uniform distribution and dispersion of modified filler particles throughout the rubber matrix is confirmed by the microstructures of the latex films cast from filler added natural rubber latex. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40380.
Cr(III)‐containing Fe3O4/mercaptopropanoic acid‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) nanocomposite: Highly active magnetic catalyst for direct hydroxylation of benzene
Authors: Zamani Farzad , Kianpour Sahar , Nekooei Behshad 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, polymer‐grafted magnetic nanoparticles containing chromium(III) ions incorporated onto Fe3O4/mercaptopropanoic acid‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) was prepared via a simple and in situ method. The obtained magnetic nanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity and excellent selectivity in direct hydroxylation of benzene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under solvent‐free condition. The magnetic catalyst could be also separated by an external magnet and reused seven times without any significant loss of activity/selectivity. Due to the Lewis acidity of the Fe3+ groups in the structure of magnetic nanoparticles, the high efficiency of this catalyst is possibly due to the synergetic effect of Cr3+ and Fe3+ groups in the structure of magnetic nanocomposite. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40383.
Synthesis and characterization of a drug‐delivery system based on melamine‐modified poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐maleic anhydride) hydrogel
Authors: Shafaghi Samira , Moghadam Peyman Najafi , Fareghi Amir Reza , Baradarani Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional polymeric networks, which quickly swell by imbibing a large amount of water or deswell in response to changes in their external environment, are called hydrogels. These types of polymeric materials are good potential candidates for drug‐delivery systems. In this study, we first synthesized poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐maleic anhydride) by free‐radical copolymerization. Then, they were modified with different molar ratios of melamine to prepare hydrogels that could be used in drug‐delivery systems. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. In the second step, Ceftazidime antibiotic was loaded on selected hydrogels. The in vitro drug release was investigated and compared in three different media (HCl solution at pH = 3 and buffer solutions at pH 6.1and pH 8). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40389.
Extended Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Molecules with E‐(1,2‐Difluorovinyl) and Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Moieties toward High‐Performance Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Cai Zhengxu , Luo Hewei , Chen Xin , Zhang Guanxin , Liu Zitong , Zhang Deqing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated molecules, DPP‐F and DPP‐2F, which contain E‐(1,2‐difluorovinyl) moieties, are reported. The LUMO energies of DPP‐F and DPP‐2F were estimated to be −3.49 and −3.70 eV, respectively, based on their redox potentials and absorption spectral data; these values were clearly lowered because of the incorporation of electron‐withdrawing E‐(1,2‐difluorovinyl) moieties. Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with thin films of DPP‐F and DPP‐2F were successfully fabricated with conventional techniques. Based on the respective transfer and output characteristics measured in an inert atmosphere, thin films of DPP‐2F display ambipolar semiconducting behavior with hole and electron mobilities reaching 0.42 and 0.80 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The as‐prepared OFET of DPP‐2F already shows high hole and electron mobilities that are not influenced remarkably by thermal annealing. For thin films of DPP‐F, only p‐type semiconducting behavior was observed in both an inert atmosphere and air, and the hole mobility increased to 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 after thermal annealing. XRD and AFM studies were performed with thin films of DPP‐F and DPP‐2F after annealing at different temperatures.
Sphinganine‐Like Biogenesis of (E)‐1‐Nitropentadec‐1‐ene in Termite Soldiers of the Genus Prorhinotermes
Authors: Jirošová Anna , Majer Pavel , Jančařík Andrej , Dolejšová Klára , Tykva Richard , Šobotník Jan , Jiroš Pavel , Hanus Robert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn 1974, (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene, a strong lipophilic contact poison of soldiers of the termite genus Prorhinotermes, was the first‐described insect‐produced nitro compound. However, its biosynthesis remained unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene biosynthesis originates with condensation of amino acids with tetradecanoic acid. By using in vivo experiments with radiolabeled and deuterium‐labeled putative precursors, we show that (E)‐1‐nitropentadec‐1‐ene is synthesized by the soldiers from glycine or L‐serine and tetradecanoic acid. We propose and discuss three possible biosynthetic pathways.
Characterization of a Galactosynthase Derived from Bacillus circulans β‐Galactosidase: Facile Synthesis of D‐Lacto‐ and D‐Galacto‐N‐bioside
Authors: Li Chao , Kim Young‐Wan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlycosynthases—retaining glycosidases mutated at their catalytic nucleophile—catalyze the formation of glycosidic bonds from glycosyl fluorides as donor sugars and various glycosides as acceptor sugars. Here the first glycosynthase derived from a family 35 β‐galactosidase is described. The Glu→Gly mutant of BgaC from Bacillus circulans (BgaC‐E233G) catalyzed regioselective galactosylation at the 3‐position of the sugar acceptors with α‐galactosyl fluoride as the donor. Transfer to 4‐nitophenyl α‐D‐N‐acetyl‐glucosaminide and α‐D‐N‐acetylgalactosaminide yielded 4‐nitophenyl α‐lacto‐N‐biose and α‐galacto‐N‐biose, respectively, in high yields (up to 98 %). Kinetic analysis revealed that the high affinity of the acceptors contributed mostly to the BgaC‐E233G‐catalyzed transglycosylation. BgaC‐E233G showed no activity with β‐(1,3)‐linked disaccharides as acceptors, thus suggesting that this enzyme can be used in “one‐pot synthesis” of LNB‐ or GNB‐containing glycans.
From Bare to Covered
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Manica João Luiz Langer , Marini Davide , Piazza Luciane , Chessa Massimo , Filho Raul Ivo Rossi , Sarmento Leite Rogério E. , Carminati Mario 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundBare stents has become the first line therapy for aortic coarctation. Covered stents has been reported more recently in clinical practice.ObjectivesThe present study, reports comparatively 15‐year experience of bare and covered stent implantation for aortic coarctation in a single tertiary referral center.MethodsFrom 1997 to 2011, 143 patients with native or postoperative aortic coarctation were treated at our institution. Seventy‐one subjects (median age 17 years (range from 4 to 70 years) underwent bare stent implantation (Group 1) while 72 patients (median age of 17.5 years (range from 6 to 68 years) underwent covered stent implantation (Group 2).ResultsSuccess rate in the whole group was 95%. More complex and tighter coarctations were treated using covered stents. Incidence of related‐procedure adverse events was higher in Group 1 than in group 2 (21.1% vs. 8.3%P = 0.035). Aortic wall complications occurred in 7% of patients in Group 1 (one death) and 0% in Group 2 (P = 0.028). Subjects in Group 1 had a longer follow‐up (median 85 vs. 35 months;P < 0.001). Independent predictors associated with reintervention included the presence of complex lesions (HR: 2.70; CI: 1.15–6.32), balloon diameter used <14 mm (HR: 3.76; CI: 1.48–9.55), and immediate residual gradient >10 mm Hg (HR: 4.30; CI: 1.96–9.47).ConclusionsBoth bare and covered stent implantation for aortic coarctation is a safe and efficacious treatment. By using covered stent implantation the spectrum of patients treated has increased with lower rates of acute and late complications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.