bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mafia and immigration: analysis of the “illegal street workers” in southern Italy
Authors: Duca Rita 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate on the new forms of the “illegal street workers” involving immigrants in southern Italy. This new concept may include, at least, two kinds of illegal employment of immigrants which is, probably, managed by local criminal organizations; in particular, it may refer to the so-called “posteggiatore abusivo” and “lavavetri”.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a new area of research. The methodology used has been based on a collection of interviews with these migrants. Probably, this methodology should be refined, but in this first phase of research, it was helpful in order to understand the existence of a criminal network that controls and manages these illegal street workers. For this reason, this paper could be, simply, considered as a starting point for a new investigation in the near future.

Findings
– The first part of the paper will examine the main features of these three types of work; in particular, in order to do it, we will try to find out who are these workers, how they found this illegal work and, above all, what kind of working relationship exists between them and the criminal organizations. The second part will analyze what are the legal measures regulating this particular category of illegal work and which could be the innovative solutions in order to fight against them.

Originality/value
– This paper offers insights into the new forms of crime involving immigrants managed by local criminal organizations and still inadequately studied.
Customer loyalty programs: money laundering and terrorism financing risks
Authors: Dostov Victor , Shust Pavel 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse money laundering and financing terrorism risks of present customer loyalty programs. We try to identify the current state of money laundering and financing of terrorism (ML/FT) risks and detect the vulnerabilities that may be present in loyalty schemes that tend to obtain wider payment functionality.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws upon the risk matrix developed by the Financial Action Task Force experts for the new payment methods. Each risk factor is analysed against the features of the customer loyalty programs, and the aggregated risks are also reviewed within three stages of money laundering.

Findings
– The analysis shows that despite the obvious evolution of payment functionality of the customer loyalty awards, businesses have already put in place relevant risk-mitigation measures that support the hypothesis that business practices can effectively mitigate ML/FT risks even without precise regulation. Yet, the paper shows some potential vulnerabilities that are to be monitored in order to prevent the system from abuse by the criminals.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper shows that loyalty awards share certain characteristics of the centralized private currencies. Hence, researchers are encouraged to look more closely into the potential ML/FT risks posed by the private currencies as well.

Practical implications
– The paper provides an insight into money laundering and terrorist financing risks that can be relevant for the non-financial products which demonstrate some payment functionality.

Originality/value
– The paper is one of the first research of the loyalty awards as a quasi-payment tool in the context of the anti-money laundering and combating financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime.
Anti-money laundering regulations and its effectiveness
Authors: Usman Kemal Muhammad 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) regulations in Pakistan. The study investigates and analyses some key variables that may be influencing the effectiveness of anti-money regulations in Pakistan. Money laundering is most prevalent in the banking sector, as banks deals with the money’s deposition, withdrawal and transfer, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-money regulations on subjective judgments. It is an exploratory study in which I have tried to find the relationship and impact of three regulations, which are customer record keeping, employee training and suspicious transaction reporting on money laundering.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of hundred responses has been collected from employees working in different banks located in Rawalpindi and Lahore through questionnaire. Questionnaire has been developed on the basis of different dimensions of the research variables.

Findings
– It has been found that that there is an impact of employee training on money laundering in banking system. A moderate inverse relationship between employee training and money laundering and anti-money laundering regulation of customer record keeping has weak impact on money laundering in developing countries.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is limited to Pakistan only, and to apply the same concept in other countries, researchers need to check the financial institutions of that country as well.

Originality/value
– It has been suggested that to stop money laundry, special budget should be allocated for the capacity building of employees through training. Timely guidance and assistance of foreign-trained instructors or experts in combating money laundering should be taken. Implementation of anti-money laundering regulations should be transparent, consistent and timely.
Artificial harmony
Authors: Williams Clifford 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explain that the commonly used method allowing for inter-agency cooperation between national financial intelligence units, the memorandum of understanding, is inadequate and ineffective in creating a cooperative global financial intelligence unit capable of combating money laundering typologies on an international scale.

Design/methodology/approach
– Methods of international financial intelligence unit (FIU) cooperation have chiefly occurred in two ways: first, through the efforts of the Egmont Group; and second, through the inclusion of provisions concerning FIUs contained in international legal documents. The first is an impossibility.

Findings
– This paper proposes that the result of implementation of the 2012 Financial Action Task Force Recommendations will be an informal network of FIUs where the Egmont group acts as a centralized operator for information exchange, effectively creating an informal global FIU (“GFIU”), but that this system, or a cooperative global financial intelligence unit system based on FIU-to-FIU exchanges will not allow for effective multilateral, international cooperation.

Research limitations/implications
– This is because national interests and unfamiliarity with capabilities provided in the Egmont Group’s cooperative platform have and will continue to result in under-utilization of cooperative efforts, and because the traditional mechanism employed for FIU-to-FIU exchanges, the memorandum of understanding (“MOU”), makes uniform or standardized information request and transfer procedures that are required for multilateral or multi-agency efforts to combat money laundering across international boundaries an impossibility.

Practical implications
– The Egmont Group’s cooperational structure should be the primary means by which to achieve a GFIU.

Social implications
– The global combat on money laundering will be more effective, thereby more fully protecting the global economy.

Originality/value
– A comparison between the Egmont Group’s network building mechanism and the existing use of MoU to create global cooperation against money laundering has not been analyzed.
Towards a reflexive turn: social marketing assemblages
Authors: Gordon Ross , Gurrieri Lauren 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to demonstrate why the time is ripe for a reflexive turn in social marketing, in response to criticisms of social marketing as neo-liberal, positivist and lacking critical introspection.Design/methodology/approach– The paper traces the development of three paradigms in the field, highlighting the entrenchment of a traditionalist paradigm that heretofore has stifled critical debate and reflexive practice. However, the emergence of social ecologist and critical social marketing paradigms has stimulated the imperative for a reflexive turn. Insights into reflexivity, its relevance and applicability for researchers, participants and other stakeholders in social marketing are considered.Findings– The paper offers a conceptualisation of social marketing assemblages using the lens of actor-network theory and identifies how this can stimulate engagement and reflexive practice for researchers, participants and other stakeholders (such as non-governmental organisations and Government departments involved in delivering programmes).Originality/value– The article presents relevant theoretical and practical benefits from a reflexive turn in social marketing, highlighting how this will furthermore contribute to discipline building.
Transformational leadership, pride in being a follower of the leader and organizational commitment
Authors: C.H. Chan Simon , Mak W.M. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among transformational leadership, pride in being a follower of the leader, and organizational commitment, as represented by affective and normative commitment.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from two samples in Mainland China (Study 1 of 145 executive MBA students in one of the local universities located in Xian; Study 2 of 210 employees in a service-based private-owned company located in Shenzhen). Descriptive statistics and regression analyses, Sobel tests, and bootstrapping tests were used to analyze the data.Findings– Both studies found that transformational leadership is positively related to pride in being a follower of the leader, and affective and normative commitment. Results indicated that pride in being a follower of the leader fully mediated the relationship between transformational leadership, affective and normative commitment.Research limitations/implications– The main limitation of this study is to collect data from a self-reported single source in a cross-sectional survey design. The findings are susceptible to problems of common method variance of the independent variable, mediator and dependent variables.Practical implications– The findings assist managers to better understand the importance of getting the support of their followers. If the followers are pride in being a follower of their leader, they are more likely to be committed toward an organization.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the existing literature by which pride in being a follower of the leader as a mediator between transformational leadership and organizational commitment in the Chinese context.
Audit quality: what’s important to users of audit services
Authors: Kilgore Alan , Harrison Graeme , Radich Renee 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the relative importance of audit-team and audit-firm attributes in perceptions of audit quality by two groups of users of audit services: audit committee chairs/members (“insiders”) and financial analysts/fund managers (“outsiders”).Design/methodology/approach– Using a survey questionnaire, data are gathered from 39 audit committee chairs/members and 42 financial analysts/fund managers and analysed using adaptive conjoint analysis.Findings– The findings reveal that both groups perceive audit-team attributes as relatively more important than audit-firm attributes. This is consistent with expectations for “insiders”, but inconsistent with expectations for “outsiders”. Differences are also found in the internal ratings of some of the attributes, with “insiders” and “outsiders” placing different relative importance on some attributes.Research limitations/implications– The usual set of limitations that are present in a survey method also apply in this study, i.e. surveys rely on reports of behaviours rather than observations and are therefore susceptible to measurement error. A further limitation is that, in using adaptive conjoint analysis, the number of attributes that may be included in the survey is restricted and, consequently, the attributes selected may not be comprehensive or fully representative.Originality/value– The study extends the scope of prior studies by examining the relative importance of audit-team and audit-firm attributes in perceptions of audit quality. In using conjoint analysis, the study makes a unique and innovative contribution by providing direct evidence on the relative importance of attributes in perceptions of audit quality for different users of audit services. The findings have implications for regulators and the accounting profession concerned with improving confidence in corporates and for audit firms in monitoring and promoting the quality of their audit services.
The death and life of Tax Increment Financing (TIF)
Authors: Squires Graham , Hutchison Norman 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to draw out interesting nuances and lessons when using a Tax Increment Financing (TIF) model in San Francisco given the abandonment of California's redevelopment agencies (RDAs) created via TIF funds.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research is based on secondary literature review, desk-based study and primary interviews with professional interviewees that have been heavily involved in TIF projects in San Francisco over the last decade.

Findings
– The abolition of the RDAs in California may be inadvertently cutting-off the principal supply of funds for redevelopment that includes much needed affordable housing.

Originality/value
– Reflective lesson learning for the management of land and property development in the USA and UK. Particularly with respect to funding mechanisms and agencies that can implement and develop affordable housing.
Tracking the rainbow: recent trends in LGBT reference and collection development
Authors: Ridinger Robert 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to assess the state of reference publishing between 2003 and 2013 in print, online databases (free access and fee-based) and Internet sites for the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) studies. Background data on trends in non-reference monographic publishing and the growth of topical websites covering LGBT-related subjects are provided.

Design/methodology/approach
– The WorldCat bibliographical database was scanned for titles published during the decade 2003-2013 to ascertain trends in subject monographs within LGBT studies. The status of the pool of LGBT websites reviewed by the author in 2005 for Choice was checked to evaluate the stability of this expanding format of LGBT information. Those reference works and online resources identified were annotated and placed in the context of general LGBT reference publishing.

Findings
– Results of the study showed that the genres of encyclopaedias and handbooks continued to be produced for LGBT studies during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The creation of a database of full-text primary materials (ranging from newspapers and academic periodicals to research monographs) marks the recognition by the research community of the value of this body of formerly marginalized literature. The stability of the group of subject websites produced on LGBT topics delineated by the author in 2005 indicates that these resources can be effectively used in the reference process.

Originality/value
– The data in this article will assist librarians engaged in collection development and reference work by providing a contemporary analysis and bibliographic overview of the sources and types of reference tools in a new interdisciplinary field.
The four types of Welsh YN
Authors: Sims‐Williams Patrick 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses and categorises the various medieval and modern Welsh prepositions and particles yn and the initial mutations that follow them. It investigates possible manuscript variants such as Old Welsh int and it and Middle Welsh y, and examines variations in mutation. Historical explanations are suggested, including a new explanation of the absence of mutation in the productive yn + verbal noun construction, which is argued to have spread from the construction in which possessive pronouns between yn and the verbal nouns of intransitive stative verbs prevented yn from mutating the verbal nouns.
Developing new teacher inquiry and criticality: The role of online discussions
Authors: Unwin Adam 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis work concerns the professional development of UK teachers in their first year of teaching. It is interested in how the online discussions (ODs) these teachers undertook as part of the Master of Teaching contributed to this development process. The teachers worked in online tutor groups made up of teachers from different schools, phases (primary and secondary) and subjects. The data used were their accounts of participating in the ODs written towards the end of this first year of teaching and interviews with a selection of these teachers at a later stage in their career. It appeared that the learning gains of the ODs were enabled and fostered by writing for an audience of peers about their professional practice. These new teachers developed an inquiry‐centred collegiality, reflexivity and a critical engagement with wider and longer‐term educational perspectives. The research establishes that the gains from the ODs were the result of careful pedagogic design at many levels. By foregrounding the situated experiences and interests of the teachers, it allowed a “way in” for them to start to understand the complexities, dilemmas and strategies within their own and others' professional practice.
Predictors of delay in diagnosis and treatment in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and impact on survival
Authors: Nikonova Anna , Guirguis Hany R. , Buckstein Rena , Cheung Matthew C. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThere is a paucity of data on the impact of diagnostic and treatment delays on outcomes in haematological malignancies, particularly in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Our database of patients treated for DLBCL between 2002 and 2010 was interrogated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic or disease‐specific variables and delays. Cox Regression analysis was used to discern the impact of delays on survival. Patients (n = 278) waited a median of 4 weeks before seeking medical attention. It took a median of 8 weeks for a non‐haematology physician to diagnose DLBCL and refer to a haematologist. A median of 3 weeks elapsed between specialist consultation and chemotherapy initiation. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, bone marrow involvement [odds ratio (OR) = 0·41, P = 0·018], Charlson comorbidity index (OR = 1·42, P = 0·017) and urgent inpatient chemotherapy (OR = 0·40, P = 0·012) were associated with diagnostic delays >6 weeks. Lack of pathological diagnosis at the time of haematology referral was the only factor that independently predicted for treatment delays >4 weeks (OR = 8·25, P < 0·01). Diagnostic or treatment delays did not impact survival or progression‐free survival. In conclusion, selected disease and patient‐related factors are associated with delays in management of DLBCL, but do not impact outcomes.
TRPM4 inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol activates endothelial cell intermediate conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels in rat isolated mesenteric artery
Authors: Garland C J , Smirnov S V , Bagher P , Lim C S , Huang C Y , Mitchell R , Stanley C , Pinkney A , Dora K A 
Published: October 2014

Background and PurposeSmooth muscle transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channels play a fundamental role in the development of the myogenic arterial constriction that is necessary for blood flow autoregulation. As TRPM4 channels are present throughout the vasculature, we investigated their potential role in non‐myogenic resistance arteries using the TRPM4 inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol.Experimental ApproachPressure and wire myography were used to assess the reactivity of rat arteries, the latter in combination with measurements of smooth muscle membrane potential. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and endothelial cell (EC) calcium changes were assessed in pressurized vessels and patch clamp measurements made in isolated ECs.Key ResultsThe TRPM4 inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol reversibly hyperpolarized mesenteric arteries to circa EK and blocked α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated vasoconstriction. Hyperpolarization was abolished and vasoconstriction re‐established by damaging the endothelium. In mesenteric and cerebral artery smooth muscle, 9‐phenanthrol hyperpolarization was effectively blocked by the KCa3.1 inhibitor TRAM‐34. 9‐Phenanthrol did not increase mesenteric EC [Ca2+]i, and Na+ substitution with N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine only increased the muscle resting potential by 10 mV. Immunolabelling for TRPM4 was restricted to the endothelium and perivascular tissue.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data reveal a previously unrecognized action of the TRPM4 inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol – the ability to act as an activator of EC KCa3.1 channels. They do not indicate a functionally important role for TRPM4 channels in the reactivity of non‐myogenic mesenteric arteries.
The role of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in patients with midline defects and congenital hypopituitarism
Authors: Gregory L.C. , Gaston‐Massuet C. , Andoniadou C.L. , Carreno G. , Webb E.A. , Kelberman D. , McCabe M.J. , Panagiotakopoulos L. , Saldanha J.W. , Spoudeas H.A. , Torpiano J. , Rossi M. , Raine J. , Canham N. , Martinez‐Barbera J.P. , Dattani M.T. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe Gli family of zinc finger (GLI) transcription factors mediates the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway (HH) essential for CNS, early pituitary and ventral forebrain development in mice. Human mutations in this pathway have been described in patients with holoprosencephaly (HPE), isolated congenital hypopituitarism (CH) and cranial/midline facial abnormalities. Mutations in Sonic hedgehog (SHH) have been associated with HPE but not CH, despite murine studies indicating involvement in pituitary development.Objectives/MethodsWe aimed to establish the role of the HH pathway in the aetiology of hypothalamo‐pituitary disorders by screening our cohort of patients with midline defects and/or CH for mutations in SHH, GLI2, Shh brain enhancer 2 (SBE2) and growth‐arrest specific 1 (GAS1).ResultsTwo variants and a deletion of GLI2 were identified in three patients. A novel variant at a highly conserved residue in the zinc finger DNA‐binding domain, c.1552G > A [pE518K], was identified in a patient with growth hormone deficiency and low normal free T4. A nonsynonymous variant, c.2159G > A [p.R720H], was identified in a patient with a short neck, cleft palate and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. A 26·6 Mb deletion, 2q12·3‐q21·3, encompassing GLI2 and 77 other genes, was identified in a patient with short stature and impaired growth. Human embryonic expression studies and molecular characterisation of the GLI2 mutant p.E518K support the potential pathogenicity of GLI2 mutations. No mutations were identified in GAS1 or SBE2. A novel SHH variant, c.1295T>A [p.I432N], was identified in two siblings with variable midline defects but normal pituitary function.ConclusionsOur data suggest that mutations in SHH, GAS1 and SBE2 are not associated with hypopituitarism, although GLI2 is an important candidate for CH.