bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of GIS in Spatial Modeling of Multi-disciplinary Geoscientific Data for Uranium Exploration over the Kunjar-Darjing Basin, Odisha
Authors: Kumar Chaturvedi Anand , Veldi Ramesh Babu , Amulotu Markandeyulu , Pavanaguru R. , Chaki Anjan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) for identifying the spatial locations of uranium exploration target areas using multi-disciplinary geoscientific data is presented in this paper. The data sets used in this study are Airborne Gamma Ray Spectrometric (AGRS), Aeromagnetic (AM), Satellite images, regional ground gravity and geochemical surveys over one of the promising mobile Proterozoic Kunjar-Darjing Basins to the west of Singhbum Uranium Province (SUP), Odisha, India. Analysis of the geochemical data indicated unconformity related uranium mineralization along the unconformity between Kunjar-Darjing sediments and the S-type per-aluminous Tamparkola granite with labile uranium. All the data sets are processed and interpreted independently in terms of geology based on characteristics such as intensity, frequency and texture of the images generated. Various ratio maps generated from AGRS data were used as training points for spatial modeling by building relationships (topology) with the structures and geology interpreted from the magnetic and gravity datasets. Index overlay method is adapted in spatial modeling. The study shows that integrating the geological, geophysical, geochemical and other geodata in a GIS environment provides valuable guidelines for geological mapping as well as identifying target areas for uranium exploration. The GIS study facilitated in identifying potential target areas for uranium exploration along the regional faults D1 and D2 around the villages Kelo, Tamra, northeast of Kunjar, Nuarali and Betajharan.
2D Structural Modelling and Hydrocarbon Potentiality of the Sitakund Structure, Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah Rashed , Yeasmin Rumana , Ameen S.M. Mahbubul , Khanam Farida , Bari Zahidul 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
The Sitakund anticline is located within the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt of the Bengal basin is considered to be the youngest structural feature of the western flank of the Indo-Burman ranges. An attempt has been made to delineate hydrocarbon trap configuration by integrating both surface and sub-surface observations, determining the nature of deformation, predicting the sealing probabilities and relationship between different petroleum elements. 2D structural modelling along the Sitakund anticline suggests that the structure may have a suitable fault-trap setting for hydrocarbon accumulation. Along the footwall block the Bokabil sandstones (with porosity up to 14%) covered by cap rock of Upper Marine Shale (UMS) juxtaposes against the shale-rich Bhuban Formation of the hanging-wall block provides such fault-trap geometry. While relatively high Shale Smear Factor (&gt;75%) and low Shale Gouge Ratio (~ 1.33) indicates that the east dipping major thrust fault may provide sufficient sealing properties. In addition, shale diapirism at the core of the anticline may result intrusion of clay into faults considerably raising the sealing ability along the main thrust.
Stable Isotopic and Hydrochemical Studies in a Part of Central Ganga Basin
Authors: Shah Zameer Ahmad , Umar Rashid 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Isotopic and hydrochemical studies of groundwater were attempted in a part of central Ganga basin to gain knowledge on recharge conditions, to outline the processes responsible for isotopic fractionation, to determine the surface-water groundwater interaction and to locate the sources of groundwater contamination in the area. In the present study, conjunctive use of isotopic and silica data is employed to make an assessment of residence time of water underground and to decipher the role of rock water interaction in isotopic variations. Although the aquifer in the area is isotopically heterogeneous in its lateral extension, but oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of most of the samples in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon exhibited very similar ranges which point to the single source of recharge in both the seasons. However, during post-monsoon, evaporation effects can be observed in some groundwater samples which can be attributed to the irrigation return flow in the area. Various sources of groundwater contamination have been narrowed down and it has been found that agriculture plays a dominant role in groundwater contamination in addition to other domestic and industrial sources.
Early Cambrian Trail Archaeonassa from the Sankholi Formation (Tal Group), Nigali Dhar Syncline (Sirmur District), Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh Birendra P. , Bhargava O. N. , Chaubey Ravi S. , Kishore Naval , Prasad S. K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
The ichnotaxon Archaeonassa is described from the lower part of the Banded Siltstone Member of the Sankholi Formation (Tal Group) exposed at Ganog locality, Nigali Dhar syncline (Sirmur district), Himachal Pradesh. This is the first record of this ichnotaxon from the Cambrian successions of the Indian Himalaya. The trail Archaeonassa is attributed to the locomotion of mollusks-like animal close to the sediment-water interface. Occurrence of this ichnogenus with other known traces from the Banded Siltstone Member (Sankholi Formation) indicates a shallow marine environment for the deposition. The ichnogenus Archaeonassa in Banded Siltstone Member (Sankholi Formation) indicate the extant of molluscan animals in the early Cambrian time.
2D Imaging for Mapping River Terraces Deposits
Authors: Al-Saigh Nabeel Hameed , Shanshal Zainab Mousadaq 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
A key to the success of any civil engineering project is the understanding of the sub-surface geology prior to planning and construction. Traditional method relied on scattered drilling for site characterization. Modern non-invasive surface geophysical methods are excellent tool for prospecting shallow geologic structure. The 2D electrical resistivity imaging method, because of its high resolution, can be a very useful for investigating the river terrace structures. Our results indicate a well-defined boundary in the resistivity structure that can be used to estimate the quantity of river terraces, highlighting the utility of this technique in studies of civil engineering and quarrying.
Predictive New Geological Model for Future Hydrocarbon Exploration in Indian Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Rawat J. S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
The early to upper Cretaceous period, after Gondwana period, was the turning point, which continued up to middle Miocene and/or Pliocene epoch in the stratigraphic history of Peninsular India, covering the Indian shield as well as its margins. Due to creation of new low marine basins in graben-and-horst structures, the preservation of the in-situ as well as continental organisms along with rocks of petroliferous basins with their rich fossil fuel, in this country could be possible.
The marine organisms flourished on the palaeocoastal river, distributor and braided channels, whereas the terrestrial plants related to angiosperms, gymnosperms and pterodophytes flourished on the swampy uplands banks, point bars and delta front areas. Over geological time, all these areas which fell within area of the low marine basin were converted into prospecting areas for oil and gas.
The oil must have generated, over great length of geological time by biological conversions and chemical reactions induced by high pressure and optimum temperature. The gas must have generated from humic palynofacies and minor sapropelic components by thermal cracking. Any oil buried deeper is converted into gas by thermal cracking.
The petroleum deposits marked on the basis of this theoretical model are making identical pattern of occurrences with those marked on the basis of detailed investigations by ONGC, and OIL. They are falling more-or-less on three lines drawn from the palaeo mouth of the river in the triangular area of all petroliferous basins. The new petroleum deposits, marked by cross-points on the geological maps of all available palaeocoastal river low marine basins and marginal area of palaeocontinental shelf of India, based in this theoretical model, can be investigated and explored.
This picture of petroleum deposits that were generated from marine and terrestrial organisms in marine sedimentary basins is in agreement with all the observational evidence that we have today.
Coverage of emergency obstetric care and availability of services in public and private health facilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Badrul , Mridha Malay K. , Biswas Taposh K. , Roy Lumbini , Rahman Maksudur , Chowdhury Mahbub E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the coverage of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and the availability of obstetric services in Bangladesh.MethodsIn a national health facility assessment performed between November 2007 and July 2008, all public EmOC facilities and private facilities providing obstetric services in the 64 districts of Bangladesh were mapped. The performance of EmOC services in these facilities during the preceding month was investigated using a semi‐structured questionnaire completed through interviews of managers and service providers, and record review.ResultsIn total, 8.6 (2.1 public and 6.5 private) facilities per 500 000 population offered obstetric care services. Population coverage by obstetric care facilities varied by region. Among 281 public facilities designated for comprehensive EmOC, cesarean delivery was available in only 215 (76.5%) and blood transfusion services in 198 (70.5%). In the private sector (for profit and not for profit), these services were available in more than 80% of facilities. In all facility types, performance of assisted vaginal delivery (range 12.2%–48.4%) and use of parenteral anticonvulsants to treat pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (range 48.6%–80.8%) were low. The main reason for non‐availability of EmOC services was a lack of specialist/trained providers.ConclusionBangladesh needs to increase the availability of EmOC services through innovative public–private partnerships. In the public sector, additional trained manpower supported by an incentivized package should be deployed.
Determining dynamical parameters of the Milky Way Galaxy based on high-accuracy radio astrometry
Authors: Honma Mareki , Nagayama Takumi , Sakai Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper we evaluate how the dynamical structure of the Galaxy can be constrained by high-accuracy VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) astrometry such as VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). We generate simulated samples of maser sources which follow the gas motion caused by a spiral or bar potential, with their distribution similar to those currently observed with VERA and VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array). We apply the Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses to the simulated sample sources to determine the dynamical parameter of the models. We show that one can successfully determine the initial model parameters if astrometric results are obtained for a few hundred sources with currently achieved astrometric accuracy. If astrometric data are available from 500 sources, the expected accuracy of R0 and Θ0 is ∼ 1% or higher, and parameters related to the spiral structure can be constrained by an error of 10% or with higher accuracy. We also show that the parameter determination accuracy is basically independent of the locations of resonances such as corotation and/or inner/outer Lindblad resonances. We also discuss the possibility of model selection based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and demonstrate that BIC can be used to discriminate different dynamical models of the Galaxy.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of a Capitated Patient Navigation Program for Medicare Beneficiaries with Lung Cancer
Authors: Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Chien Chun‐Ru , Moguel Rocio , Hernandez Mike , Hajek Richard A. , Jones Lovell A. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of implementing a patient navigation (PN) program with capitated payment for Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with lung cancer.Data Sources/Study SettingCost‐effectiveness analysis.Study DesignA Markov model to capture the disease progression of lung cancer and characterize clinical benefits ofPNservices as timeliness of treatment and care coordination. Taking a payer's perspective, we estimated the lifetime costs, life years (LYs), and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and addressed uncertainties in one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsModel inputs were extracted from the literature, supplemented with data from a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration project.Principal FindingsCompared to usual care,PNservices incurred higher costs but also yielded better outcomes. The incremental cost and effectiveness was $9,145 and 0.47QALYs, respectively, resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $19,312/QALY. One‐way sensitivity analysis indicated that findings were most sensitive to a parameter capturingPNsurvival benefit for local‐stage patients.CE‐acceptability curve showed the probability that thePNprogram was cost‐effective was 0.80 and 0.91 at a societal willingness‐to‐pay of $50,000 and $100,000/QALY, respectively.ConclusionInstituting a capitatedPNprogram is cost‐effective for lung cancer patients in Medicare. Future research should evaluate whether the same conclusion holds in other cancers.
Comparison of biological fitness in crosses between subspecies ofMeccus phyllosomus(Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in southern Mexico
Authors: Martínez‐Ibarra José Alejandro , Nogueda‐Torres Benjamín , Salazar‐Montaño Luis Fernando , García‐Lino Juan Carlos , Arroyo‐Reyes Demver , Hernández‐Navarro Juan Ángel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies ofMeccus phyllosomus(Burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiologic importance of this group. Biological parameters related to hatching, lifetime, number of blood meals to molt, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and mortality for each instar of 3M. phyllosomussubspecies [M. p. mazzottii(Usinger),M. p. pallidipennis(Stål), andM. p. phyllosomus] and their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences (P> 0.05) were found among the experimental hybrids (MaPa, MaPhy, PaPhy) and reciprocal cohorts. In 5 (hatching, number of blood meals to molt, accumulative mortality, percentage of females, and mean number of laid eggs) of the 6 studied parameters (with the exception of development time), the hybrid cohorts had better fitness results than the parental cohorts involved in each set of crosses. The increase in hybrid fitness found in our study could lead to an increase in the epidemiologic risks caused by transmission ofTrypanosoma cruzito humans.
Very high‐resolution digital elevation models: are multi‐scale derived variables ecologically relevant?
Authors: Leempoel Kevin , Parisod Christian , Geiser Céline , Daprà Lucas , Vittoz Pascal , Joost Stéphane 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are often used in landscape ecology to retrieve elevation or first derivative terrain attributes such as slope or aspect in the context of species distribution modelling. However, DEM‐derived variables are scale‐dependent and, given the increasing availability of very high‐resolution (VHR) DEMs, their ecological relevance must be assessed for different spatial resolutions.

In a study area located in the Swiss Western Alps, we computed VHR DEMs‐derived variables related to morphometry, hydrology and solar radiation. Based on an original spatial resolution of 0·5 m, we generated DEM‐derived variables at 1, 2 and 4 m spatial resolutions, applying a Gaussian Pyramid. Their associations with local climatic factors, measured by sensors (direct and ambient air temperature, air humidity and soil moisture) as well as ecological indicators derived from species composition, were assessed with multivariate generalized linear models (GLM) and mixed models (GLMM).

Specific VHR DEM‐derived variables showed significant associations with climatic factors. In addition to slope, aspect and curvature, the underused wetness and ruggedness indices modelled measured ambient humidity and soil moisture, respectively. Remarkably, spatial resolution of VHR DEM‐derived variables had a significant influence on models’ strength, with coefficients of determination decreasing with coarser resolutions or showing a local optimum with a 2 m resolution, depending on the variable considered.

These results support the relevance of using multi‐scale DEM variables to provide surrogates for important climatic variables such as humidity, moisture and temperature, offering suitable alternatives to direct measurements for evolutionary ecology studies at a local scale.
Effect of Mucosal Cytokine Administration on Selective Expansion of Vaginal Dendritic Cells to Support Nanoparticle Transport
Authors: Ramanathan Renuka , Park Jaehyung , Hughes Sean M. , Lykins William R. , Bennett Hunter R. , Hladik Florian , Woodrow Kim A. 
Published: June 2015

ProblemThe capacity of antigen‐carrying vaccine nanoparticles (NPs) administered vaginally to stimulate local immune responses may be limited by the relatively low numbers of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in the genital mucosa. Because inflammation is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, we sought to increase APC numbers without causing inflammation.Method of StudyIn this study, we evaluated intravaginal delivery of chemokines, growth factors, or synthetic adjuvants to expand APCs in reproductive tissues.ResultsWe found that granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) stimulated expansion of CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) within 24 hr of intravaginal administration, with no effect on Langerhans cells or macrophages. Expansion of the CD11b+ DC population was not associated with increased inflammatory cytokine production, and these cells retained phagocytic function.ConclusionOur data suggest that non‐inflammatory expansion of mucosal APCs by intravaginal GM‐CSF could be used as an adjuvanting strategy to potentiate the genital immune response to nanoparticulate mucosal vaccines.
Regulatory T‐cell Subpopulations in Severe or Early‐onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Boij Roland , Mjösberg Jenny , Svensson‐Arvelund Judit , Hjorth Maria , Berg Göran , Matthiesen Leif , Jenmalm Maria C. , Ernerudh Jan 
Published: June 2015

ProblemA deficiency in regulatory T (Treg) cells causing reduced immune regulatory capacity has been proposed in preeclampsia.ObjectiveUtilizing recent advances in flow cytometry phenotyping, we aimed to assess whether a deficiency of Treg subpopulations occurs in preeclampsia.Method of studySix‐color flow cytometry was used for Treg phenotyping in 18 preeclamptic women (one early‐onset, one severe and 16 both), 20 women with normal pregnancy, and 20 non‐pregnant controls.ResultsNo differences were found in major Treg populations including CD127lowCD25+/CD127owFOXP3+, resting (FOXP3dimCD45RA+), and activated (FOXP3brightCD45RA−) Treg cells, whereas preeclamptic women showed increased CTLA‐4+ and CCR4+ proportions within resting/activated Treg populations. Corticosteroid treatment prior to blood sampling (n = 10) affected the distribution of Treg populations.ConclusionsAlthough we found no major alterations in circulating Treg frequencies, differences in CTLA‐4+ and CCR4+ frequencies suggest a migratory defect of Treg cells in preeclampsia. Corticosteroid treatment should be taken into account when evaluating Treg cells.
Soluble Immune Mediators and Vaginal Bacteria Impact Innate Genital Mucosal Antimicrobial Activity in Young Women
Authors: Pellett Madan Rebecca , Dezzutti Charlene S. , Rabe Lorna , Hillier Sharon L. , Marrazzo Jeanne , McGowan Ian , Richardson Barbra A. , Herold Betsy C. 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionInnate activity against Escherichia coli in female genital secretions may represent contributions from vaginal bacteria and host soluble immune mediators. We analyzed the relationship between E. coli inhibitory activity, soluble immune mediators, and vaginal bacteria in participants in MTN‐004, a placebo‐controlled trial of VivaGel®, a candidate product for topical HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis.MethodsEscherichia coli inhibitory activity was quantified by colony reduction assay. Endocervical concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), lactoferrin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were quantified to generate a cumulative mediator score. Vaginal bacteria were characterized by quantitative cultures.ResultsIn the two placebo arms, higher soluble immune mediator score was associated with greater E. coli inhibitory activity (β = 17.49, 95% CI [12.77, 22.21] and β = 13.28, 95% CI [4.76, 21.80]). However, in the VivaGel arm, higher concentrations of E. coli (β = −3.80, 95% CI [−6.36, −1.25]) and group B Streptococcus (β = −3.91, 95% CI [−6.21, −1.60]) were associated with reduced E. coli inhibitory activity.ConclusionsBoth host mediators and vaginal bacteria impact E. coli inhibition in genital secretions. The relative contributions of host mediators and bacteria varied between women who used VivaGel vs placebos.
Parents have different perceptions of bed‐wetting than children from six to 15 years of age
Authors: Tai Thomson T. , Tai Brent T. , Chang Yu‐Jun , Huang Kuo‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimEnuresis is a common childhood disorder that negatively affects children's social and psychological well‐being. This study investigated the psychological and emotional problems of children in Taiwan who wet the bed between the ages of six and 15 by comparing feedback from the children, their parents and a control group.MethodsThis case study featured 93 children with primary nocturnal enuresis from enuresis clinics, and their parents, and 98 nonenuretic controls and parents from the local community. All the parents completed the Behavioural and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS) and all the children completed the Teenage Self‐Concept Scale (TSCS). T‐scores were used for statistical comparisons and high scores related to higher self‐concept.ResultsThe parents and their children displayed different perceptions of enuresis, with more behavioural and emotional problems in enuretic children. Older children and children with more severe enuresis reported more difficulties, and low maternal education was also a risk factor.ConclusionParental attitudes and perceptions towards bed‐wetting were different from their children's. The children's age, enuresis severity and their mothers' educational level were potential risk factors that affected well‐being. Health practitioners need to facilitate communication between enuretic children and their parents in addition to monitoring their psychological well‐being.