Abstract 1880: Associations of coffee drinking with systemic immune and inflammatory markers
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Shiels Meredith S. , Graubard Barry I. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Chaturvedi Anil , Trabert Britton , Pinto Ligia , Kemp Troy , Shebl Fatma M. , Mayne Susan T. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Purdue Mark P. , Hildesheim Allan , Sinha Rashmi , Freedman Neal D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Coffee drinking has been inversely associated with mortality as well as cancers of the endometrium, colon, skin and liver. Improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation are among the hypothesized mechanisms by which coffee drinking may affect cancer risk. The association between coffee drinking and systemic levels of immune and inflammatory markers has not been well characterized.
Objective: To explore the associations of coffee drinking with levels of a wide range of immune and inflammatory markers.
Design: Luminex bead-based assays were used to measure serum levels of 77 immune and inflammatory markers in 1728 older non-Hispanic Whites from three case-control studies nested within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Usual coffee intake was self-reported using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between coffee drinking and dichotomized marker levels. We conducted statistical trend tests by assigning each coffee category its median value and modeling as a continuous variable. We applied a 20% false discovery rate criterion to the P-values for trend.
Results: Ten of the 77 examined markers were nominally associated (P-value&lt;0.05) with coffee drinking. The five markers that withstood correction for multiple comparisons included various aspects of the host response namely chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages (IFNγ, CX3CL1/fractalkine, CCL4/MIP-1β), pro-inflammatory cytokines (sTNFRII) and regulators of cell growth (FGF-2). Heavy coffee drinkers had lower circulating levels of IFNγ (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16, 0.75; P-trend = 0.0003), CX3CL1/fractalkine (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.10, 0.64; P-trend = 0.0031), CCL4/MIP-1β (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.24, 0.99; P-trend = 0.0050), FGF-2 (OR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.28, 1.38; P-trend = 0.0080) and sTNFRII (OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.15, 0.79; P-trend = 0.0112) than non-coffee drinkers.
Conclusions: Coffee drinking was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory markers, which may partially mediate previously observed associations of coffee drinking with lower mortality and morbidity. Validation studies, ideally controlled feeding trials, and prospective studies, such as nested case-control studies, are needed to confirm these associations.
Citation Format: Erikka Loftfield, Meredith S. Shiels, Barry I. Graubard, Hormuzd A. Katki, Anil Chaturvedi, Britton Trabert, Ligia Pinto, Troy Kemp, Fatma M. Shebl, Susan T. Mayne, Nicolas Wentzensen, Mark P. Purdue, Allan Hildesheim, Rashmi Sinha, Neal D. Freedman. Associations of coffee drinking with systemic immune and inflammatory markers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1880. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1880