bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial dynamics of the bearded goby and its key fish predators off Namibia vary with climate and oxygen availability
Authors: Salvanes Anne Gro V. , Bartholomae Chris , Yemane Dawit , Gibbons Mark J. , Kainge Paul , Krakstad Jens‐Otto , Rouault Mathieu , Staby Arved , Sundby Svein 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHypoxia [O2 < 2.0 mL L−1 (87 μmol kg−1)] and severely hypoxic water masses [O2 < 0.5 mL L−1 (21.8 μmol kg−1)] are increasing in coastal marine ecosystems due to eutrophication and warming. Here, we investigate the response of the suboxic‐tolerant endemic fish, Sufflogobius bibarbatus, to variations in the thermal and oxygen environment, as well as to predation pressure, using 22 yr worth of satellite and in situ data. We show that environmental variation and predation pressure affect the goby population, which has expanded over the last decade while that of horse mackerel has contracted. These changes co‐occurred with a general warming in the north and central shelf areas (north of 24.5°S). Spring warming positively affected both goby and hake abundances, but not the horse mackerel, suggesting different responses to surface temperature. The goby habitat contracted when predators were abundant, particularly in the north, which is the fringe of its distributional area. The implications of the differential tolerance of gobies and their predators for climate variations are discussed.
Spatio‐temporal trends in diversity of demersal fish species in the Benguela current large marine ecosystem region
Authors: Yemane Dawit , Mafwila Samuel K. , Kathena John , Nsiangango Silvi E. , Kirkman Steve P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiodiversity is changing at an unprecedented rate on a global scale as a complex response to several anthropogenic changes, in addition to the background natural environmental variability and cycles. In the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem region (BCLME), aspects of demersal fish species diversity were studied between 1985 and 2010 in three countries (Angola, Namibia, and South Africa) using scientific survey data (depending on country). The study was aimed to address multi‐tiered objectives: to document patterns of diversity (as measured by the different indices of diversity) in the three countries; to relate these patterns to various explanatory variables (depth, latitude, longitude, bottom temperature, and total catch) using a generalized additive model; and to compare the patterns of diversity and importance of potential drivers of biodiversity across the BCLME region. Results showed contrasting diversity patterns between the three countries in terms of both the form and strength of the relationship with different sets of predictors. Species richness S, Pielou's evenness index J', and Shannon–Wiener index H' were shown to increase with increasing depth in all three countries. In addition, both the overall and depth‐dependent latitudinal pattern in S showed local and regional level bottlenecks in biodiversity, and the latitudinal pattern of S was similar to the pattern of bottom temperature. Overall, the species richness of demersal fish species (S) was found to increase as one moved towards the equator, in line with similar studies that reported an increase in richness with latitude.
Changes in macro‐ and micronutrient contents of grasses and forbs following Miscanthus x giganteus feedstock, hydrochar and biochar application to temperate grassland
Authors: Schimmelpfennig S. , Kammann C. , Moser G. , Grünhage L. , Müller C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiochar and hydrochar application to soil holds promise for climate change mitigation. This study provides first insights into the nutrient concentration and removal of grassland vegetation after addition of various carbon compounds together with pig slurry. Four treatments: control (no carbon application), feedstock, hydrochar and biochar from Miscanthus x giganteus were applied at a permanent grassland site near Giessen, Germany. Changes in plant functional groups, biomass production and nutrition status were monitored over 2 years. Total biomass production was not affected by the carbon amendments. However, biochar favoured growth of forbs over grasses, while legume growth was increased by all carbon amendments. The initial nutrient concentrations of the carbon compounds were enriched according to their degree of carbonization, potentially providing nutrients to plants. The plant biomass from hydro‐ and biochar amended plots, added up over 2 years, exhibited higher potassium concentrations compared to biomass from feedstock and control plots. All carbon amendments led to lower sodium concentrations in total biomass, compared to the control. Uncarbonized feedstock led to increased manganese concentrations in total biomass, while the concentrations of all other heavy metals were not influenced by any carbon amendment, compared to the control. From a plant and animal nutritional point of view, none of the carbon amendments reduced grassland yield or fodder quality. The study suggests that hydrochar and, even more so, biochar may provide a source of potassium to plants.
Combination benefit of cognitive rehabilitation plus donepezil for Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Matsuzono Kosuke , Hishikawa Nozomi , Takao Yoshiki , Wakutani Yosuke , Yamashita Toru , Deguchi Kentaro , Abe Koji 
Published: February 2015

ObjectsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important diseases in aging society, and non‐drug therapy might be an alternative therapeutic approach. Thus, we evaluated the add‐on effect of cognitive rehabilitation on AD patients under donepezil treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 55 AD patients with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 15–25, dividing them into two groups depending on whether they were receiving ambulatory cognitive rehabilitation (group D + R, n = 32) or not (group D, n = 23) in Kurashiki Heisei Hospital over 1 year. The present cognitive rehabilitation included physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy for 1–2 h once or twice a week.ResultsBetween group D and group D + R, there was no significant difference in baseline data, such as age, Mini‐Mental State Examination score, periventricular hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging, deep white matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging or donepezil dose (4.1 mg/day). At 1 year later, however, the Mini‐Mental State Examination score improved only in group D + R from 21.7 to 24.0 (**P < 0.001), whereas that of group D remained at 21.5 with both groups of donepezil 5.0 mg/day.ConclusionThe combination of cognitive rehabilitation plus a choline esterase inhibitor donepezil showed a better effect for the cognitive function of AD patients than drug only therapy at 1 year. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 200–204.
Prevalence and treatment pattern ofParkinson's disease dementia inKorea
Authors: Oh Yoon‐Sang , Kim Joong‐Seok , Park In‐Seok , Shim Yong‐Soo , Song In‐Uk , Park Jeong‐Wook , Lee Phil‐Hyu , Lyoo Chul‐Hyung , Ahn Tae‐Beom , Ma Hyo‐Il , Kim Yong‐Duk , Koh Seong‐Beom , Lee Seung‐Jae , Lee Kwang‐Soo 
Published: February 2015

AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the point prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients withParkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA total of 1200 patients withPDfrom 12 hospitals were included in the study. All patients were grouped into normal cognition,MCIand dementia subgroups. General cognitive status and dementia severity were assessed by theKorean version of theMini‐MentalStateExamination,ClinicalDementiaRating andGlobalDeteriorationScale, and parkinsonian motor status was assessed by theHoehn andYahr staging score. Associated sleep behaviors and other medical conditions were checked. Prescribing patterns of antidementia medications were analyzed.ResultsCognitive impairment was frequent in patients withPD;MCIwas found in 38.9% of patients, whereas dementia was in 38.3% of patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment increased with increasing age and longer disease duration, and the symptoms of postural instability and symptoms mimicking rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder were associated with cognitive impairment. Many dementia patients (95.2%) and 23.6% ofMCIpatients were treated with antidementia drugs, with rivastigmine the most frequently used.ConclusionThe point prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients withPDwas 77.2%. Cognitive impairment was associated with age, disease duration and specific parkinsonian motor/non‐motor symptoms. Over 90% of the patients with dementia were treated with antidementia medication, and rivastigmine was the most frequently used for the management of dementia.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 230–236.
Geriatric oral lesions: A multicentric study
Authors: Dhanuthai Kittipong , Rojanawatsirivej Somsri , Somkotra Tewarit , Shin Hong‐In , Hong Sam‐Pyo , Darling Mark , Ledderhof Nicholas , Khalili Maryam , Thosaporn Watcharaporn , Rattana‐arpha Pornpop , Saku Takashi 
Published: February 2015

AimTo carry out an oral biopsy survey in geriatric patients from the participating institutions.MethodsThe biopsy records of the participating institutions were reviewed for oral lesions from patients aged 65 years and older diagnosed from 2003 to 2012. Demographic data and the site of the lesions were collected. Histopathological diagnoses were categorized into two categories: non‐neoplastic lesions (reactive/inflammatory lesion, cyst, allergic/immunologic disorders, potentially malignant disorders, infection and others) and neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant tumors). Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using stata11.ResultsOf the 76 045 accessioned cases, 11 346 cases (14.92%) were in geriatric patients. The mean age of the patients was 72.98 ± 6.25 years. A total of 5010 cases (44.16%) were diagnosed in males, whereas 6336 cases (55.84%) were diagnosed in females. The male‐to‐female ratio was 0.79:1. Non‐neoplastic lesions outnumbered the neoplastic counterpart. The five most prevalent oral lesions in the geriatric population in the present study in descending order of frequency were squamous cell carcinoma, focal fibrous hyperplasia (irritation fibroma), radicular cyst, osteomyelitis and epithelial dysplasia, respectively. The site of predilection was labial/buccal mucosa, followed by gingiva, mandibular bone, tongue and maxillary bone, respectively.ConclusionsThe geriatric oral lesions from the present study showed a similar trend with studies based on histopathological data, but different from the studies based on clinical data. This study also shed more light on potentially malignant disorders, as well as benign and malignant tumors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 237–243.
Multiphase Modeling of Geologic Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Bandilla Karl W. , Celia Michael A. , Birkholzer Jens T. , Cihan Abdullah , Leister Evan C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGeologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is being considered as a climate change mitigation option in many future energy scenarios. Mathematical modeling is routinely used to predict subsurface CO2 and resident brine migration for the design of injection operations, to demonstrate the permanence of CO2 storage, and to show that other subsurface resources will not be degraded. Many processes impact the migration of CO2 and brine, including multiphase flow dynamics, geochemistry, and geomechanics, along with the spatial distribution of parameters such as porosity and permeability. In this article, we review a set of multiphase modeling approaches with different levels of conceptual complexity that have been used to model GCS. Model complexity ranges from coupled multiprocess models to simplified vertical equilibrium (VE) models and macroscopic invasion percolation models. The goal of this article is to give a framework of conceptual model complexity, and to show the types of modeling approaches that have been used to address specific GCS questions. Application of the modeling approaches is shown using five ongoing or proposed CO2 injection sites. For the selected sites, the majority of GCS models follow a simplified multiphase approach, especially for questions related to injection and local‐scale heterogeneity. Coupled multiprocess models are only applied in one case where geomechanics have a strong impact on the flow. Owing to their computational efficiency, VE models tend to be applied at large scales. A macroscopic invasion percolation approach was used to predict the CO2 migration at one site to examine details of CO2 migration under the caprock.
The Prevalence and Impact of Headache in Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Luiz P. , Silva Junior Ariovaldo A. 
Published: February 2015

Background/ObjectivesIn Brazil, several epidemiological studies on headache have been produced, most with an emphasis on prevalence and the association of primary headaches with some sociodemographic characteristics of the population. Data on the burden of headache, however, are scarce. The aim of this paper is to review all Brazilian population‐based studies on headache, as well as to analyze the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) data collected with the PhD thesis of the senior author (LPQ).MethodA literature review was performed using the keywords (“headache” or “migraine”) and (“epidemiology” or “prevalence”) and (Brazil). Another part of this paper will look at unpublished data on disability (MIDAS), collected with the prevalence data of the Brazilian nationwide epidemiological study of headache.ResultsThere are 6 published epidemiological studies of headache in Brazil. The mean 1‐year prevalence of headache in Brazil is 70.6%, of migraine 15.8%, of tension‐type headache (TTH) 29.5%, and of chronic daily headache (CDH) 6.1%. Disability is significantly higher: in females compared to males; in patients with migraine and CDH compared to patients with TTH; and in those with headaches ≥15 days per month rather than those with episodic headaches. There was also a positive relationship between pain intensity and severity of disability. Patients with higher disability used more both abortive and prophylactic medication.ConclusionsThe mean prevalence of headache in Brazil, and some of its subtypes, is similar to the rates described in other countries of the world. Disability is higher in females, in patients with migraine, in individuals with headaches ≥15 days per month, and in those with severe head pain.
The Visual System in Migraine: From the Bench Side to the Office
Authors: Kowacs Pedro A. , Utiumi Marco A. , Piovesan Elcio J. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThroughout history, migraine‐associated visual symptoms have puzzled patients, doctors, and neuroscientists. The visual aspects of migraine extend far beyond the aura phenomena, and have several clinical implications.MethodsA narrative review was conducted, beginning with migraine mechanisms, then followed by pertinent aspects of the anatomy of visual pathways, clinical features, implications of the visual system on therapy, migraine on visually impaired populations, treatment of visual auras and ocular (retinal) migraine, effect of prophylactic migraine treatments on visual aura, visual symptoms induced by anti‐migraine or anti‐headache drugs, and differential diagnosis.ResultsA comprehensive narrative review from both basic and clinical standpoints on the visual aspects of migraine was attained; however, the results were biased to provide any useful information for the clinician.ConclusionThis paper achieved its goals of addressing and condensing information on the pathophysiology of the visual aspects of migraine and its clinical aspects, especially with regards to therapy, making it useful not only for those unfamiliar to the theme but to experienced physicians as well.
Thermal mud maturation: organic matter and biological activity
Authors: Centini M. , Tredici M. R. , Biondi N. , Buonocore A. , Maffei Facino R. , Anselmi C. 
Published: February 2015

SynopsisObjectiveMany of the therapeutic and cosmetic treatments offered in spas are centred on mud therapy, to moisturize the skin and prevent skin ageing and rheumatic diseases. Thermal mud is a complex matrix composed of organic and inorganic elements which contribute to its functions. It is a natural product derived from the long mixing of clay and thermal water. During its maturation, organic substances are provided by the microalgae, which develop characteristic of the composition of thermal water.MethodsThe aim of this study was to identify methods for introducing objective parameters as a basis for characterizing thermal mud and assessing its efficacy. Samples of thermal mud were collected at the Saturnia spa, where there are several sulphureous pools. The maturation of the mud was evaluated by organic component determination using extractive methods and chromatographic analysis (HPLC, GC‐MS, SPME). We also studied the radical scavenging activity of mud samples at different stages of maturation, in a homogeneous phase, using several tests (DPPH, ORAC, ABTS).ResultsWe identified several classes of compounds: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, alcohols and others. SPME analysis showed the presence of various hydrocarbons compounds (C11–C17) and long‐chain alcohols (C12–C16). Six or seven months seemed appropriate to complete the process of maturation, and the main effect of maturation time was the increase of lipids. Six‐month mud showed the highest activity. The hydrophilic extract was more active than the lipophilic extract.ConclusionThe results indicate that maturation of thermal mud can be followed on the basis of the changes in its organic composition and antioxidant properties along the time. They also highlight the need to develop reference standards for thermal muds in relation to assess their use for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes.
Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies
Authors: Pham D.‐M. , Boussouira B. , Moyal D. , Nguyen Q.L. 
Published: February 2015

SynopsisA review of the oxidization of squalene, a specific human compound produced by the sebaceous gland, is proposed. Such chemical transformation induces important consequences at various levels. Squalene by‐products, mostly under peroxidized forms, lead to comedogenesis, contribute to the development of inflammatory acne and possibly modify the skin relief (wrinkling). Experimental conditions of oxidation and/or photo‐oxidation mechanisms are exposed, suggesting that they could possibly be bio‐markers of atmospheric pollution upon skin. Ozone, long UVA rays, cigarette smoke… are shown powerful oxidizing agents of squalene. Some in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testings are proposed as examples, aiming at studying ingredients or products capable of boosting or counteracting such chemical changes that, globally, bring adverse effects to various cutaneous compartments.
Treatment of basal cell carcinoma in Scandinavia: evidence or eminence based?
Authors: Helsing Per , Gjersvik Petter , Tarstedt Mikael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a locally destructive form of skin cancer, mainly affecting Caucasians. There are multiple treatment options for BCC, with excisional surgery being most widely used. Choice of treatment may be dependent on clinical guidelines, local therapeutic traditions, and/or personal experience. Sweden is the only Scandinavian country with treatment guidelines for BCC.MethodsEighty‐six dermatologists from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway that were attending a meeting on photodynamic therapy were presented case history and clinical photographs of nine different BCCs and asked to select their treatment of choice among multiple options by the use of an electronic audience response system.ResultsTreatment of choice differed substantially between dermatologists from the three countries. Swedish dermatologists more often chose excisional surgery (median 50%, range 0–90%) than their Danish (median 19%, range 0–44%) and Norwegian (median 35%, range 0–65%) colleagues. Very few Swedish dermatologists chose radiation therapy in the four cases where this was an option. Photodynamic therapy was more often selected by Norwegian dermatologists compared to Swedish and Danish dermatologists.ConclusionsThe treatment choices of Swedish dermatologists in cases of BCC are generally in line with Swedish treatment guidelines. National treatment guidelines for BCC should be established in all countries, including Denmark and Norway.
Protein–protein interaction network of gene expression in the hydrocortisone‐treated keloid
Authors: Chen Rui , Zhang Zhiliang , Xue Zhujia , Wang Lin , Fu Mingang , Lu Yi , Bai Ling , Zhang Ping , Fan Zhihong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesIn order to explore the molecular mechanism of hydrocortisone in keloid tissue, the gene expression profiles of keloid samples treated with hydrocortisone were subjected to bioinformatics analysis.MethodsFirstly, the gene expression profiles (GSE7890) of five samples of keloid treated with hydrocortisone and five untreated keloid samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Secondly, data were preprocessed using packages in R language and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using a significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) protocol. Thirdly, the DEGs were subjected to gene ontology (GO) function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the interactions of DEGs in samples of keloid treated with hydrocortisone were explored in a human protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and sub‐modules of the DEGs interaction network were analyzed using Cytoscape software.ResultsBased on the analysis, 572 DEGs in the hydrocortisone‐treated samples were screened; most of these were involved in the signal transduction and cell cycle. Furthermore, three critical genes in the module, including COL1A1, NID1, and PRELP, were screened in the PPI network analysis.ConclusionsThese findings enhance understanding of the pathogenesis of the keloid and provide references for keloid therapy.
Thermal Conductivity of Molten B2O3, B2O3–SiO2, Na2O–B2O3, and Na2O–SiO2 Systems
Authors: Kim Youngjae , Morita Kazuki 
Published: February 2015

With the aid of the transient hot‐wire method, the thermal conductivity of molten B2O3, B2O3–SiO2, Na2O–SiO2, and Na2O–B2O3 systems was measured along with their temperature and composition. It was observed that the thermal conductivity of pure B2O3 increased with temperature, until about 1400 K, and then decreased subsequently. Using the MAS‐NMR, 3Q‐MAS, and Raman spectroscopy, the structure of B2O3 and SiO2 in the B2O3–SiO2 system was confirmed. Findings show that an addition of B2O3 into the pure SiO2 system causes a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, due to the formation of boroxol rings. The thermal conductivity of the Na2O–SiO2 system was measured and its phonon mean free path was calculated. In addition, a positive linear relation between viscosity and thermal conductivity was observed. In the Na2O–B2O3 system, it was found that a change in the relative fraction of 4‐coordinated boron has an influence on the thermal conductivity when the concentration of Na2O is between 10 and 30 mol%, in which case the tetraborate unit is dominant.