bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING STATE POLICIES AND PROGRAMS FOR BEGINNING TEACHER INDUCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Wang Aubrey H. , Tregidgo Alyson , Mifsud Venus 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study developed a framework for evaluating beginning teacher induction policies and programs. This framework consists of three main categories: 1) Legislation and Funding, 2) State, District, and Union Roles, and 3) Program Components. Comparison of these three categories reveals 1) the differences in priority states currently place on beginning teacher induction, 2) the extent of shared responsibilities between state and school districts on overseeing and evaluating the beginning teacher induction program, and 3) the extent of alignment between the beginning teacher induction program and state standards, between eligibility criteria and compensation for beginning teachers, and between the incentives used to attract qualified mentor teachers and the specified qualifications of these mentor teachers. Application of this framework to the current policy guidelines of sixteen heterogeneous states in terms of state activities in educational initiatives found that funded mandatory policies on beginning teacher induction: a) are less fragmented, b) have a stronger state role, c) are heterogeneous in their program features, d) have a narrower definition of what constitutes a beginning teacher, and e) generally provide stronger incentives for mentor teachers to participate.
JOHN TUKEY'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO MULTIPLE COMPARISONS
Authors: Benjamini Yoav , Braun Henry 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an historical overview of the philosophical, theoretical, and practical contributions made by John Tukey to the field of simultaneous inference.The Problem of Multiple Comparisons, released in 1953, provided not only the first comprehensive account of the field but also set much of the research agenda for the next 35 years. During the last decade of his life, Tukey devoted substantial attention to this area, experimenting with different graphical representations of multiple comparison procedures and exploring the implications of the false discovery rate (FDR) approach to controlling family‐wise error rates. In a number of publications, Tukey continued to grapple with the fundamental issues of the field and to identify critical problems to be addressed.
Interventional endoscopy for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst and walled‐off necrosis (with videos)
Authors: Mukai Shuntaro , Itoi Takao , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPancreatic pseudocysts and walled‐off necrosis are typical late complications of acute pancreatitis, and they require drainage in symptomatic cases presenting with infection. Transgastrointestinal endoscopic treatment with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage has become common and yields a good treatment outcome for pancreatic pseudocyst. Walled‐off necrosis, however, contains necrotic tissue, and thus many cases additionally require an invasive treatment that includes endoscopic necrosectomy. Methods that involve a procedure‐specific large‐diameter metal stent, additional endoscopic drainage techniques, and the hybrid approach method of adding percutaneous drainage have been described, and considerable advances in these methods have now made it possible to cure almost all cases of walled‐off necrosis with endoscopic treatment alone. However, without being restricted to endoscopic treatments, a wide range of options including surgery should be considered as treatments for walled‐off necrosis.
Artifactual microhemorrhage generated by susceptibility weighted image processing
Authors: Li Ningzhi , Wang Wen‐Tung , Pham Dzung L. , Butman John A. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundTo report that artifactual microhemorrhages are introduced by the two‐dimensional (2D) homodyne filtering method of generating susceptibility weighted images (SWI) when open‐ended fringelines (OEF) are present in phase data.MethodsSWI data from 28 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients was obtained on a 3 tesla clinical Siemens scanner using both the product 3D gradient echo sequence (GRE) with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition acceleration and an in‐house developed segmented echo planar imaging (sEPI) sequence without GRAPPA acceleration. SWI processing included (i) 2D homodyne method implemented on the scanner console and (ii) a 3D Fourier‐based phase unwrapping followed by 3D high pass filtering. Original and enhanced magnitude and phase images were carefully reviewed for sites of type III OEFs and microhemorrhages by a neuroradiologist on a PACS workstation.ResultsNineteen of 28 (68%) phase datasets acquired using GRAPPA‐accelerated GRE acquisition demonstrated type III OEFs. In SWI images, artifactual microhemorrhages were found on 17 of 19 (89%) cases generated using 2D homodyne processing. Application of a 3D Fourier‐based unwrapping method prior HP filtering minimized the appearance of the phase singularities in the enhanced phase, and did not generate microhemorrhage‐like artifacts in magnitude images.ConclusionThe 2D homodyne filtering method may introduce artifacts mimicking intracranial microhemorrhages in SWI images when type III OEFs are present in phase images. Such artifacts could lead to overestimation of pathology, e.g., TBI. This work demonstrates that 3D phase unwrapping methods minimize this artifact. However, methods to properly combine phase across coils are needed to eliminate this artifact. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1695–1700. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Onset of Huntington's disease: Can it be purely cognitive?
Authors: Paulsen Jane S. , Long Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the cognitive manifestation of Huntington's disease has burgeoned over the past two decades. Many studies from independent datasets have shown that cognitive impairment is evident before motor diagnosis, and annual cognitive decline is a robust marker of disease progression. Additionally, cognition is a critical concern to patients and families and is associated with meaningful outcomes, including functional capacity, driving, loss of accustomed work, and quality of life. In the past few years, Huntington's disease animal models of cognition have increased, preparing for preclinical experimental therapeutics with cognitive endpoints. A longitudinal analysis of cognitive variables was conducted with 559 gene‐positive cases and 233 controls showing no signs of motor abnormalities over approximately a 3‐year period. Results show statistically significant differences in rate of annual change for some cognitive variables, such that the cases group had worsening performance over time. These findings show that cognitive deterioration can be seen in persons with the Huntington's disease gene expansion with no overt motor signs or symptoms, suggesting that cognitive onset of Huntington's disease may precede motor. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Vastus lateralis vascularized nerve graft in facial nerve reconstruction: An anatomical cadaveric study and clinical implications
Authors: Agrogiannis Nikolaos , Rozen Shai , Reddy Gangadasu , Audolfsson Thorir , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Andres 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe present study investigates the vascular anatomy of the vastus lateralis motor nerve (VLMN) to be used as a vascularized nerve graft in facial nerve reconstruction. We evaluated the maximum length of the nerve that can be included in the flap and its vascular pedicle. In addition, we discuss its adequacy for use in early reconstruction of the facial nerve both as ipsilateral facial nerve reconstruction and as cross‐facial nerve graft.MethodsFive fresh cadavers were used in this study. In all specimens, the VLMN and its vascular pedicle were dissected, photodocumented and measured using calipers. In addition, two vascularized VLMN were injected with a radiopaque contrast and underwent CT angiography and three dimensional reconstructions were scanned to illustrate the vascular supply of the nerve using OsiriX Software.ResultsThe VLMN was divided into two divisions, an oblique proximal and a descending distal, in 70% of the dissections with a mean maximal length of 8.4 ± 4.5 cm for the oblique division and 15.03 ± 3.87 cm for the descending division. The length of the oblique division, when present, was shorter than the length of the descending branch in all specimens. The mean length of the pedicle was 2.93 ± 1.69 cm, and 3.27 ± 1.49 cm until crossing the oblique and the descending division of the nerve respectively. The mean caliber of the nerve was 2.4 ± 0.62 mm. Three‐dimensional computed tomography angiography demonstrated perfusion throughout the entire VLMN by branches from the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery which ran parallel to the descending division of the VLMN. Additionally, we observed that technically it was possible to preserve the oblique branch of the VLMN.ConclusionThis study confirms that VLMN presents adequate anatomic features to be used as a vascularized nerve graft for facial nerve reconstruction in terms of length, pedicle, and caliber. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:135–139, 2015.
A Call to Wellness – Whitiwhitia i te ora: Exploring Māori and Occupational Therapy Perspectives on Health
Authors: Hopkirk Jane , Wilson Linda H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe World Health Organization records that indigenous peoples throughout the world experience poor health. The concept of health was explored from a Māori world view and compared with occupational therapy perspectives. The aim was to understand and value indigenous knowledge and promote culturally safe responsive practice.Māori methodologies were employed to protect the Māori knowledge shared in the study. This involved applying seven principles, including respect for people, be cautious, and look, listen, and speak. Perspectives on health and wellbeing were collected in 2008–2009 from indigenous occupational therapists, other occupational therapists and indigenous health practitioners using interviews and a questionnaire.The findings are presented as a conceptual framework, depicting a whare, a Māori meeting house to show relationships between culture and health. Key concepts held by occupational therapists and Māori were spirituality, holistic views, client responsive practice, and environmental contexts. Areas of difference were the focus on occupations, the interdependence of indigenous relationships, and the place of the extended family in supporting wellness.A strength was the respect for Māori methodologies and limitations were the number of participants (N = 23) and the small proportion of Māori therapists in Aotearoa/New Zealand.Recommendations: Attention to culture is vital for appropriate, safe, and responsive practice. The conceptual framework provides a tool to inform, guide, and evaluate practice understandings. It acknowledges the importance of the individual within their extended family, their natural environment, and the historical, social, and political realities of living as Māori. Further research should explore the use of the framework and interaction between occupational therapy practice and specific indigenous cultures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study on the impact of active surveillance for prostate cancer on anxiety and distress levels
Authors: Venderbos Lionne D. F. , van den Bergh Roderick C. N. , Roobol Monique J. , Schröder Fritz H. , Essink‐Bot Marie‐Louise , Bangma Chris H. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Korfage Ida J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivePatients with potentially indolent prostate cancer (PC) can be managed with active surveillance (AS). Our objective was to analyse how anxiety and distress develop in men with untreated PC and whether highly anxious men quit AS.MethodsOne hundred and fifty Dutch patients who opted for AS in the Prostate cancer Research International: Active Surveillance Study were invited to participate in an additional prospective, longitudinal quality of life (QoL) study within 6 months after diagnosis. Participants completed questionnaires with validated measures on anxiety and distress at inclusion (t = 0), 9 (t = 9) and 18 (t = 18) months after diagnosis. We assessed changes in scores on depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale), generic anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6)), PC‐specific anxiety (Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX‐PC)) and decisional conflict (Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS)) about patients' treatment choice between t = 0, t = 9 and t = 18 using repeated measures analysis.ResultsResponse rates for patients still on AS at t = 0, t = 9 and t = 18 assessments were 86%, 90% and 96%, respectively. Nine patients (7%, 9/129) between t = 0 and t = 9 and 33 of 108 patients (31%) between t = 9 and t = 18 stopped AS, mostly (86%) because of protocol‐based reasons. CES‐D, total MAX‐PC and DCS scores did not change significantly (p > 0.05) when comparing t = 18 with t = 9 and t = 0 scores, but generic anxiety (STAI‐6; p = 0.033) and fear of disease progression (sub‐score of the MAX‐PC; p = 0.007) decreased significantly. These differences, however, were clinically modest (0.089 SD and 0.281 SD). Overall, six of 129 men (5%) discontinued AS because of anxiety and distress.ConclusionsWhen men with low‐risk PC are managed with AS, fear of disease progression and general anxiety decreased, and only few may discontinue AS because of anxiety and distress. This suggests that negative QoL effects are limited in men with favourable clinical characteristics who opted for AS. (Registered trial number, NTR1718) Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Science‐policy interfacing on the issue of groundwater and groundwater‐dependent ecosystems in Europe: implications for research and policy
Authors: Batubara Bosman , Batelaan Okke , Quevauviller Philippe 
Published: August 2014

A policy‐oriented research initiative should be directed to support the development of environmental policy, tackling specific questions and identifying policy gaps. However, that is not always the case. Recent research designed to assist in the revision of the European Union's (EU's) Groundwater Directive (GWD) illustrates different interpretations of research needs by scientists. The EU's GWD made a specific call for research to provide better criteria for ensuring groundwater ecosystem quality and protection (recital 20 of the directive). To date, scientific responses actually focused on a better understanding of groundwater‐dependent (aquatic and terrestrial) ecosystems which contributed to a better approach of environmental quality standards (threshold values) but did not fulfil the specific request of the Directive. In term of policy, on‐going research is aiming at contributing to the revision of the GWD regarding chemical aspects (and better knowledge of groundwater interactions with associated ecosystems) but is not addressing specific groundwater ecological aspects as required in the Directive's recital. Looking ahead, a stronger interface between policy makers and scientists in the EU is necessary to ensure that research better addresses specific requests of the GWD. WIREs Water 2014, 1:561–571. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1041This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Human Water > Water Governance
Science of Water > Water Quality
Cross‐market spillovers with ‘volatility surprise’
Authors: Aboura Sofiane , Chevallier Julien 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article adopts the asymmetric DCC with one exogenous variable (ADCCX) model developed by Vargas (2008), by updating the concept of ‘volatility surprise’ to capture cross‐market relationships. Current methods for measuring spillovers do not focus on volatility interactions, and neglect cross‐effects between the conditional variances. This paper aims to fill this gap. The dataset includes four aggregate indices representing equities, bonds, foreign exchange rates and commodities from 1983 to 2013. The results provide strong evidence of spillover effects coming from the ‘volatility surprise’ component across markets. Against the background of the recent financial crisis, the aim is to contribute to the literature on the interdependencies of financial markets, both in conditional means and (co)variances. In addition, asset management implications are derived.
Taylor bubble rising in a vertical pipe against laminar or turbulent downward flow: symmetric to asymmetric shape transition
Authors: Fabre Jean , Figueroa-Espinoza Bernardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe symmetry of Taylor bubbles moving in a vertical pipe is likely to break when the liquid flows downward at a velocity greater than some critical value. The present experiments performed in the inertial regime for Reynolds numbers in the range $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}100<\mathit{Re} < 10\, 000$ show that bifurcation to an eccentric motion occurs, with a noticeable increase of the bubble velocity. The influence of the surface tension parameter (an inverse Eötvös number), $\varSigma $, has been investigated for $0.0045<\varSigma <0.067$. It appears that the motion of an asymmetric bubble is much more sensitive to surface tension than that of a symmetric bubble. For any given $\varSigma $, the symmetry-breaking bifurcation occurs in both laminar and turbulent flow at the same vorticity-to-radius ratio ${(\omega /r)}_0$ on the axis of the carrier fluid. This conclusion also applies to results obtained previously from numerical experiments in plane flows.
A depth-averaged -rheology for shallow granular free-surface flows
Authors: Gray J. M. N. T. , Edwards A. N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe $\mu (I)$-rheology is a nonlinear viscous law, with a strain-rate invariant and pressure-dependent viscosity, that has proved to be effective at modelling dry granular flows in the intermediate range of the inertial number, $I$. This paper shows how to incorporate the rheology into depth-averaged granular avalanche models. To leading order, the rheology generates an effective basal friction, which is equivalent to a rough bed friction law. A depth-averaged viscous-like term can be derived by integrating the in-plane deviatoric stress through the avalanche depth, using pressure and velocity profiles from a steady-uniform solution to the full $\mu (I)$-rheology. The resulting viscosity is proportional to the thickness to the three halves power, with a coefficient of proportionality that is angle dependent. When substituted into the depth-averaged momentum balance this term generates second-order derivatives of the depth-averaged velocity, which are multiplied by a small parameter. Its inclusion therefore represents a singular perturbation to the equations. It is shown that a granular front propagating down a rough inclined plane is completely unaffected by the rheology, but, discontinuities, which naturally develop in inviscid roll-wave solutions, are smoothed out. By comparison with existing experimental data, it is shown that the depth-averaged $\mu (I)$-rheology accurately predicts the growth rate of spatial instabilities to steady-uniform flow, as well as the dependence of the cutoff frequency on the Froude number and inclination angle. This provides strong evidence that, in the steady-uniform flow regime, the predicted decrease in the viscosity with increasing slope is correct. Outside the range of angles where steady-uniform flows develop, the viscosity becomes negative, which implies that the equations are ill-posed. This is a signature of the ill-posedness of the full $\mu (I)$-rheology at both high and low inertial numbers. The depth-averaged $\mu (I)$-rheology therefore cannot be used outside the valid range of angles without additional regularization.
Identity and the evolving relationship between Inuit women and the land in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Dowsley Martha 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAcademic discussions around Inuit identity once focused on acculturation. These have mainly been replaced by concepts of adaptation to new living conditions. Yet, Inuit in the eastern Canadian Arctic still frame identity concerns around their land activities and are wary of becoming too much like ‘Qallunaat’ or southerners. This paper examines what material and non-material goods (for example psychological goods) Inuit seek from the land today in order to understand what traditional aspects of their relationships with the land persist and what new ones might have emerged recently. It then discusses the implications these have for Inuit identity. The study found a decrease in the procurement and use of material goods from the land compared with previous generations. Concomitantly, the acquisition of non-material goods has become more formalised and distinctly identified in discussions of land excursions. The non-material goods are clearly linked to Inuit ideology and traditions, rather than to southern ideas. The desire for, and acquisition of, non-material goods is developing both from a top-down or group consensus and bottom-up or individual decision, illustrating an interplay between the construction of group and individual identities in relation to the land. Inuit in the eastern Canadian Arctic are transforming their relationship with the land in a way that demonstrates an emerging identity as community Inuit who are rooted in their own local history and geography and also consciously subscribe to a larger Inuit culture that is premised on values such as sharing and building harmonious relationships.
Effects of patch size on liana diversity and distributions in the tropical montane evergreen forests of the Nilgiri Mountains, southern India
Authors: Mohandass Dharmalingam , Hughes Alice C. , Campbell Mason , Davidar Priya 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:We investigate the effect of patch size on liana diversity and distribution in 19 patches of montane evergreen forest in the Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats, southern India. Additionally, we examined how liana species richness and community assemblage in both edge (within 10 m of the forest edge) and interior regions of forest patches respond to patch size, in order to infer the impact of forest expansion or reduction on the liana communities. A total of 1276 woody liana individuals of 15 species were identified, belonging to 10 genera and nine families. Total species richness of lianas was significantly positively related to forest-patch area, both when analysed for the entire patch, in addition to both core and edge regions when examined separately. Species richness of larger lianas also showed a significant positive relationship with increasing forest patch area. Community assemblage varied with respect to forest edge, with shade-dependent species only occurring in interior patch regions, shade-averse species in edge regions, and shade-tolerant species occurring throughout. Disturbance also played a role in determining the response of liana diversity to patch size, with heavily disturbed patches showing no relationship between patch size and diversity, whereas positive relationships exist in low to moderately disturbed patches. The most significant result is the change in liana community composition between small and larger fragments. Many species present in smaller patches are also present in edge zones of larger fragments. This suggests that lianas are important structural components of montane forest ecosystems, and their compositional patterns are possibly driven by succession. Moreover, this study reveals the importance of edge effect and patch size in influencing liana species richness and compositional patterns.