bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal symptoms and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cummings Michael H , Chong Lina , Hunter Victoria , Kar Partha S , Meeking Darryl R , Cranston Iain CP 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOur review of clinical practice demonstrates that gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were common in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes seen within our diabetes service. In those patients who are symptomatic, we observed that 42% had low faecal elastase 1 levels consistent with the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). The presence of steatorrhoea and weight loss alone were insufficient to screen for PEI, and other GI symptoms (such as diarrhoea, abdominal cramps/pain and bloating) need to be additionally sought. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BAlN thin layers for deep UV applications
Authors: Li Xin , Sundaram Suresh , Gmili Youssef El , Moudakir Tarik , Genty Frédéric , Bouchoule Sophie , Patriarche Gilles , Dupuis Russell D. , Voss Paul L. , Salvestrini Jean‐Paul , Ougazzaden Abdallah 
Published: March 2015

In this work, wurtzite BAlN layers with boron composition as high as 12% were successfully grown by MOVPE. The growth was performed at 650 °C and then annealed at 1020 °C. Low temperature growth was used in order to alleviate B‐rich phase poisoning under high TEB/III ratio. The growth was performed by continuous epitaxy as well as by flow‐modulate epitaxy. BAlN single layers with clearly defined X‐ray diffraction peaks were achieved on AlN templates which are appropriate substrates for deep UV devices, as well as on GaN templates to facilitate distinguishing of the XRD peak of BAlN from the substrate peak. The layer demonstrated columnar crystalline features and inherited wurtzite structure from substrates.Cross‐section STEM image (bright field) of 75 nm thick BAlN layers containing 12% boron taken along the [11−2 0] zone axis. Zone A is lattice‐oriented along c‐axis and zone B has columnar structure; (b) higher magnification image for the top part of the layer; (c) higher magnification image for the film/substrate interface.
Insecure Attachment Style and Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs Predict Sexual Coercion Proclivity in University Men
Authors: Dang Silvain S. , Gorzalka Boris B. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Past studies have shown an association between low sexual functioning and engaging in sexually coercive behaviors among men. The mechanism of this relationship is not well understood. Moreover, most studies in this area have been done in incarcerated sex offenders.

Aims
The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of potential distal predictors of sexual coercion, including insecure attachment style and dysfunctional sexual beliefs, in mediating the relationship between sexual functioning and sexual coercion. The study also seeks to extend past findings to a novel non-forensic population.

Methods
Male university students (N = 367) anonymously completed online questionnaires.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants completed the Sexual Experiences Survey, Improved Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, Hostility Towards Women Scale, Likelihood of Rape Item, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs Scale, and Brief Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Results
Sexual functioning was not significantly associated with sexually coercive behaviors in our sample (r = 0.08, P = 0.247), though a significant correlation between sexual functioning and rape myth acceptance was found (r = 0.18, P = 0.007). Path analysis of all variables showed that the likelihood of rape item was the strongest correlate of sexually coercive behaviors (β = 0.34, P &lt; 0.001), while dysfunctional sexual beliefs appeared to mediate the association between anxious attachment and likelihood of rape item score. Anxious (r = −0.27, P = 0.001) and avoidant (r = −0.19, P = 0.004) attachment also correlated significantly with lower sexual functioning.

Conclusions
These findings suggest the relationship between sexual functioning and sexual coercion may be less robust than previously reported, and may be due to a shared association with other factors. The results elaborate on the interrelation between attachment style and dysfunctional sexual beliefs as predictors of sexual coercion proclivity, suggesting avenues for further research.
Collaborative tools: computer science students' skills versus software industry needs
Authors: Medina‐Dominguez Fuensanta , Sanchez‐Segura Maria‐Isabel , Moreno Ana , Santin Daniel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSoftware companies encourage and further the use of collaborative tools and skills at the work place in pursuit of the benefits of their use: they improve communication, productivity and efficiency, and competitiveness. Besides, undergraduate and graduate software engineering computing curricula recommend subjects related to effective cooperative working and group learning. In order to align industry needs and curricula recommendations, universities should provide graduates with the collaborative knowledge and skills that will be required when they finish their degrees and join the labor market. In this scenario, we asked three questions: Are collaborative tools beneficial to software projects? Is it easier for graduates with knowledge and skills of collaborative tools to find a job? Do enterprises use collaborative tools as a marketing strategy for the recruitment process or are they really empowering their employees to use collaborative tools? We devised a survey which was administered to 86 recent computer science graduates. We applied statistical techniques to analyze the responses. We conclude that graduates skilled in the use of collaborative tools do find it easier to get jobs, and companies are not only looking for people with collaborative skills but also regularly use collaborative tools in their work processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal obesity affects fetal myocardial function as early as in the first trimester
Authors: Ingul C. B. , Lorås L. , Tegnander E. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Brantberg A. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate cardiac function from 14 weeks' gestation in fetuses of obese pregnant women (FOW). Animal studies have shown that maternal obesity induces fibrosis in fetal myocardium. We hypothesized that fetal cardiac function would be impaired among FOW.MethodsA case–control study with longitudinal follow‐up was performed at Trondheim University Hospital, Norway. In total, 80 pregnant women were included and the final population comprised 52 obese and 24 of normal weight (mean body mass index before pregnancy, 34.8 ± 4.1 vs 21.0 ± 2.2 kg/m2; P < 0.001). The main outcome measures were global strain rate (GSR) and strain by tissue Doppler imaging, tissue Doppler velocities (TDVs) and interventricular septal thickness assessed by fetal echocardiography at gestational ages of 14, 20 and 32 weeks.ResultsIn FOW, fetal left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) GSR and strain were significantly lower than in fetuses of normal‐weight pregnant women: LV GSR was 33.3% lower at 14 weeks, 22.4% lower at 20 weeks and 22.8% lower at 32 weeks of gestation (P < 0.001) with no difference in fetal heart rate. Systolic and late diastolic TDVs for LV were significantly lower from 20 weeks' gestation and remained lower throughout pregnancy. Fetal interventricular septum was 26.6% (P < 0.001) thicker in late pregnancy in FOW compared with normal‐weight pregnancies.ConclusionsAt 14 weeks of gestation, we detected fetal myocardial dysfunction with reduced LV and RV GSR and strain in FOW compared with fetuses of women with normal weight. Our finding is alarming considering the high prevalence of obesity and may partly explain the predisposition of offspring to cardiovascular disease later in life. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Increasing river floods: fiction or reality?
Authors: Blöschl Günter , Gaál Ladislav , Hall Julia , Kiss Andrea , Komma Jürgen , Nester Thomas , Parajka Juraj , Perdigão Rui A. P. , Plavcová Lenka , Rogger Magdalena , Salinas José Luis , Viglione Alberto 
Published: March 2015

There has been a surprisingly large number of major floods in the last years around the world, which suggests that floods may have increased and will continue to increase in the next decades. However, the realism of such changes is still hotly discussed in the literature. This overview article examines whether floods have changed in the past and explores the driving processes of such changes in the atmosphere, the catchments and the river system based on examples from Europe. Methods are reviewed for assessing whether floods may increase in the future. Accounting for feedbacks within the human‐water system is important when assessing flood changes over lead times of decades or centuries. It is argued that an integrated flood risk management approach is needed for dealing with future flood risk with a focus on reducing the vulnerability of the societal system. WIREs Water 2015, 2:329–344. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1079This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Water Quality
Morphogenesis of the somatic musculature in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Schulman Victoria K. , Dobi Krista C. , Baylies Mary K. 
Published: March 2015

In Drosophila melanogaster, the somatic muscle system is first formed during embryogenesis, giving rise to the larval musculature. Later during metamorphosis, this system is destroyed and replaced by an entirely new set of muscles in the adult fly. Proper formation of the larval and adult muscles is critical for basic survival functions such as hatching and crawling (in the larva), walking and flying (in the adult), and feeding (at both larval and adult stages). Myogenesis, from mononucleated muscle precursor cells to multinucleated functional muscles, is driven by a number of cellular processes that have begun to be mechanistically defined. Once the mesodermal cells destined for the myogenic lineage have been specified, individual myoblasts fuse together iteratively to form syncytial myofibers. Combining cytoplasmic contents demands a level of intracellular reorganization that, most notably, leads to redistribution of the myonuclei to maximize internuclear distance. Signaling from extending myofibers induces terminal tendon cell differentiation in the ectoderm, which results in secure muscle‐tendon attachments that are critical for muscle contraction. Simultaneously, muscles become innervated and undergo sarcomerogenesis to establish the contractile apparatus that will facilitate movement. The cellular mechanisms governing these morphogenetic events share numerous parallels to mammalian development, and the basic unit of all muscle, the myofiber, is conserved from flies to mammals. Thus, studies of Drosophila myogenesis and comparisons to muscle development in other systems highlight conserved regulatory programs of biomedical relevance to general muscle biology and studies of muscle disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:313–334. doi: 10.1002/wdev.180This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Flux Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of the Colored Skutterudite Ir2Sn3Se3
Authors: Yan Wenjie , Pielnhofer Florian , Tragl Samuel A. , Weihrich Richard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe skutterudite (CoSb3) related crystal structure of Ir2Sn3Se3 = IrSn1.5Se1.5 is determined from single crystal data for the first time. High temperature solid state and flux reactions were applied to prepare powder and single crystals samples. Its crystal structure was refined from data of a fourfold twin crystal in space group R$\bar{3}$ (no. 148). It contains 24 formula units per unit cell [a = 12.6510(3) Å, c = 15.5236(6) Å, V = 2151.67(8) Å3] and represents the first single crystal determination of a colored skutterudite Ir2A3X3 = Ir(A, X)3 with heteroatomic [Sn2Se2] units and [Sn3Se3] coordination for Ir sites. The distorted Sn2Se2 rings show short and long Sn–Se distances. The obtained structure is isotypic to Ir2Sn3Te3 but differs from the cubic model estimated earlier for Ir2Sn3S3 (homoatomic Sn4 and S4 units). According to electronic band structure calculations Ir2Sn3Se3 is a low gap semiconductor (ΔE = 0.4 eV).
Homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase is expressed in brain: implications in alkaptonuria
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Laschi Marcella , Geminiani Michela , Braconi Daniela , Vannuccini Elisa , Lupetti Pietro , Manetti Fabrizio , Millucci Lia , Santucci Annalisa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlkaptonuria is an ultra‐rare autosomal recessive disease developed from the lack of homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase (HGD) activity, causing an accumulation in connective tissues of homogentisic acid (HGA) and its oxidized derivatives in polymerized form. The deposition of ochronotic pigment has been so far attributed to homogentisic acid produced by the liver, circulating in the blood, and accumulating locally. In the present paper, we report the expression of HGD in the brain. Mouse and human brain tissues were positively tested for HGD gene expression by western blotting. Furthermore, HGD expression was confirmed in human neuronal cells that also revealed the presence of six HGD molecular species. Moreover, once cultured in HGA excess, human neuronal cells produced ochronotic pigment and amyloid. Our findings indicate that alkaptonuric brain cells produce the ochronotic pigment in loco and this may contribute to induction of neurological complications.
Fundamental framework toward optimal design of product platform for industrial three-axis linear-type robots
Authors: Sawai Kana , Nomaguchi Yutaka , Fujita Kikuo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper discusses an optimization-based approach for the design of a product platform for industrial three-axis linear-type robots, which are widely used for handling objects in manufacturing lines. Since the operational specifications of these robots, such as operation speed, working distance and orientation, weight and shape of loads, etc., will vary for different applications, robotic system vendors must provide various types of robots efficiently and effectively to meet a range of market needs. A promising step toward this goal is the concept of a product platform, in which several key elements are commonly used across a series of products, which can then be customized for individual requirements. However the design of a product platform is more complicated than that of each product, due to the need to optimize the design across many products. This paper proposes an optimization-based fundamental framework toward the design of a product platform for industrial three-axis linear-type robots; this framework allows the solution of a complicated design problem and builds an optimal design method of fundamental features of robot frames that are commonly used for a wide range of robots. In this formulation, some key performance metrics of the robot are estimated by a reduced-order model which is configured with beam theory. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to represent the trade-offs among key design parameters using a weighted-sum form for a single product. This formulation is integrated into a mini–max type optimization problem across a series of robots as an optimal design formulation for the product platform. Some case studies of optimal platform design for industrial three-axis linear-type robots are presented to demonstrate the applications of a genetic algorithm to such mathematical models.
Negative Predictive Value of Excluding an Embedded Snake Foreign Body by Ultrasonography
Authors: Rushton William F. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Moak James H. , Charlton Nathan P. 
Published: March 2015

Objective Numerous reputable sources for healthcare providers advocate routine imaging to rule out an embedded tooth or fang after a snake bite. The objective of this study was to determine whether these foreign bodies can be reliably excluded by bedside ultrasonography. Methods All emergency medicine (EM) residents and faculty at a single institution were invited to participate. Two sets of 5 ultrasound gel phantoms were prepared using a method previously validated to have the same density as human tissue. In the first set of 5 phantoms, 1 snake fang was embedded to simulate a retained foreign body. Similarly, in the second set of 5 phantoms, 1 snake tooth was also embedded. Participants were asked to identify the presence or absence of a foreign body in each phantom using bedside ultrasonography. Year of training and confidence in excluding a snake foreign body were also recorded. Results Each participant ( n = 27) performed ultrasound imaging on 10 phantoms for a total of 270 samples. Range of experience included postgraduate year 1 (25.9%), postgraduate year 2 (29.6%), postgraduate year 3 (33.3%), and graduates of EM residency (11.1%). The sensitivity and negative predictive value for ruling out an embedded fang was 92.6% and 98.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for ruling out an embedded tooth was 77.8% and 93.7%, respectively. Among all the phantoms, there was a sensitivity of 85.2% and a negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusion Bedside ultrasonography performed by an EM physician is a feasible option to rule out embedded foreign bodies after a snake bite if imaging is warranted.
The origins of asymmetric ties in friendship networks: From status differential to self-perceived centrality
Authors: AN WEIHUA , MCCONNELL WILL R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAsymmetric ties make up a significant proportion of ties in friendship networks. But little is known about their origins. Prior research has suggested treating them either as “accidental” (e.g., resulting from constraints in name generators) or “aspirational” (i.e., the attempts of individuals to pursue relationships with higher status peers). In this paper, we show that self-perception can also explain the occurrence of asymmetric ties. We argue that under the general norm of reciprocity, actors with high self-perceived centrality will more likely send out ties to others than their counterparts. Supposing that outgoing ties are similarly reciprocated by peers, then actors with high self-perceived centrality will also entail more asymmetric ties. We test this idea along with the competing arguments using exponential random graph models (ERGMs) on network data collected from over 4,000 students in China. Consistent with previous findings, we find that asymmetric ties reflect status differences, but probably more strongly so for difference in individual status characteristics than difference in social positional status. More importantly, we find that students with high self-perceived centrality are about twice as likely to send asymmetric ties as their peers. Last, we examine the implications of our findings for future network research.
Potential adaptation strategies for rainfed soybean production in the south-eastern USA under climate change based on the CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean model
Authors: BAO Y. , HOOGENBOOM G. , McCLENDON R. W. , PAZ J. O. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYDue to the potential impact of climate change and climate variability on rainfed production systems, both farmers and policy makers will have to rely more on short- and long-term yield projections. The goal of this study was to develop a procedure for calibrating the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Soybean model for six cultivars, to determine the potential impact of climate change on rainfed soybean for five locations in Georgia, USA, and to provide recommendations for potential adaptation strategies for soybean production in Georgia and other south-eastern states. The Genotype Coefficient Calculator (GENCALC) software package was applied for calibration of the soybean cultivar coefficients using variety trial data. The root mean square error (RMSE) between observed and simulated grain yield ranged from 201 to 413 kg/ha for the six cultivars. Generally, the future climate scenarios showed an increase in temperature which caused a decrease in the number of days to maturity for all varieties and for all locations. This will benefit late-planted soybean production slightly, while the increase in precipitation and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration will result in a yield increase. This was the highest for Calhoun and Williamson and ranged from 31 to 49% for the climate change projections for 2050. However, a large reduction in precipitation caused a decrease in yield for Midville, especially based on the climate scenarios of the Global Climate Models (GCMs) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation's model CSIRO-Mk3.0 and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's model GFDL-CM2.1. Overall, Calhoun, Williamson, Plains and Tifton will probably be more suitable for rainfed soybean production over the next 40 years than Midville. Farmers might shift to a later planting date, around 5 June, for the locations that were evaluated in the present study to avoid potential heat and drought stress during the summer months. The cultivars AG6702, AGS758RR and S80-P2 could be selected for rainfed soybean production since they had the highest rainfed yields among the six cultivars. In general, the present study showed that there are crop management options for soybean production in Georgia and the south-eastern USA that are adapted for the potential projected climate change conditions.
The Pre-History of Religious Exclusionism in Contemporary Pakistan:Khatam-e-Nubuwwat1889–1953
Authors: KAMRAN TAHIR 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDuring the late nineteenth-century colonial era in India, theKhatam-e-Nubuwwat(Finality of the Prophethood) assumed remarkable salience as a theme for religious debate among Muslim sects. The controversies around the establishment of the Ahmadiya sect in 1889 brought the issue ofKhatam-e-Nubuwwatto the centre stage of religious polemic ormunazara.Tense relations continued between Ahmadiya and Sunnis, in particular, though the tension remained confined to the domain of religious polemic. However, immediately after Pakistan's creation, theKhatam-e-Nubuwwatsqueezed itself out of the epistemic confines of the ‘theological’ and entered the realm of the ‘political’.Majlis-Tahafuz-i-Khatam-e-Nubuwwat(the Association for the Safety of the Finality of the Prophethood) grew out of the almost-defunctMajlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islamon 13 January 1949, with the principal objective of excluding the Ahmadiya sect from the Islamic fold.1This article seeks to reveal how theKhatam-e-Nubuwwathas impinged upon the course of Pakistani politics from 1949 onwards as an instrument of religious exclusion, peaking in 1953. The pre-history of religious exclusion, which had 1889 as a watershed—the year when the Ahmadiya sect took a definitive shape—thus forms the initial part of the article.