bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labio-lingual root control of lower anterior teeth and canines obtained by active and passive self-ligating brackets
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Salih Raaid A. , Melsen Birte 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the torque capabilities of passive and active self-ligating (SL) brackets on mandibular incisors and canines using three-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Two types of SL bracket systems were analyzed: a passive and an active. Both brackets had a 0.022 × 0.028-inch slot size. Treatment protocol and wire sequences were followed as recommended by the manufacturers. Twenty-six patients were included in the passive group and 20 were included in the active group; all received pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Based on the CBCT scans, a customized 3D analysis was developed to assess labiolingual inclination of the roots of mandibular canines and incisors with respect to the occlusal plane before and after treatment.

Results:
Following treatment, a statistically significant labiolingual proclination of the teeth was seen in both groups. Moreover, in both SL systems the roots exhibited a large variation in labiolingual inclination between adjacent teeth even after treatment.

Conclusions:
A significant proclination was seen for the mandibular front teeth; the claimed third-order torque control of SL systems could not be demonstrated. Therefore, a considerable play between the wire and the brackets could be hypothesized, even more in relation to the passive than the active SL brackets.
Presence of Macroalbuminuria Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yun Jae-Seung , Ko Sun-Hye , Ko Sun-Hee , Song Ki-Ho , Ahn Yu-Bae , Yoon Kun-Ho , Park Yong-Moon , Ko Seung-Hyun 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the factors that might influence the development of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From January 2000 to December 2002, patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25–75 years without chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were consecutively recruited (n = 1,217) and followed-up in January 2011 and May 2012. Severe hypoglycemia (SH) was defined as an event requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer glucose, hospitalization, or medical care in an emergency department. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to test the association between SH episodes and potential explanatory variables.

RESULTS
After a median 10.4 years of follow-up, 111 (12.6%) patients experienced 140 episodes of SH, and the incidence was 1.55 per 100 patient-years. Mean age and duration of diabetes were 55.3 ± 9.8 and 9.8 ± 6.5 years, respectively. The incidence of SH events was higher in older patients (P &lt; 0.001), in those with a longer duration of diabetes (P &lt; 0.001), in those who used insulin (P &lt; 0.001) and sulfonylurea (P = 0.003), and in those who had macroalbuminuria (P &lt; 0.001) at baseline. Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that SH was associated with longer duration of diabetes and the presence of macroalbuminuria (normoalbuminuria versus macroalbuminuria: hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI 1.31–4.84; P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS
The development of SH was independently associated with duration of diabetes and presence of macroalbuminuria, even with normal renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Woodpecker's Cavity Microenvironment: Advantageous or Restricting?
Authors: Mersten-Katz Cindy , Barnea Anat , Yom-Tov Yoram , Ar Amos 
Published: December 2012

We studied the nesting biology of the Syrian woodpecker ( Dendrocopos syriacus) in Israel, emphasising its physiological aspects and the environment of the tree hole nest cavity (~ 2 litres in volume). Eggs (mean mass = 5.4 ± 0.4 g SD) are laid once a day during April and May to produce a mean clutch size of four (range 3-5). Active incubation starts after the last egg is laid and lasts 11 days. Both hatching and fledging are spread over 2-3 days. Parents share incubation during the day but only males incubate at night. Both parents share the feeding of the nestlings equally. Males occupy and guard the empty nest at night all year round. Incubation and fledging periods add up to a normal fledging time for the species. The young are fed by their parents outside the nest for another month. Mean egg temperature was not significantly different between day and night, averaging 34.2°C (± 4.3 SD). Mean egg water loss was 1.4 % d−1 of the initial egg mass prior to the onset of incubation and 0.5% d−1 during incubation. The extrapolated total water loss of the eggs was 13.1% at the end of incubation. This indicates a good match of cavity humidity and the water vapour eggshell conductance of 1 mg·(d Torr)−1 (=100 mg·(d kPa)−1), where, in spite of the higher egg temperature during active incubation, the egg water loss rate is reduced due to the presence of the incubating parent. Gas composition at the bottom of the nest initially decreased by ~ 1.75 % for O2 whereas CO2 increased by ~ 1.20 %, due to clutch activities until the nestlings were about 15 days old. There was little change in nest gas composition between 15 and 22 days of rearing. From that time on until fledging O2 concentration increased and CO2 decreased due to nestlings’ up and down activity in the nest shaft and the fact that they fledge asynchronously at the age of 26 days.
Plan d'affaires : passer du prêt-à-porter au sur-mesure
Authors: Witmeur Olivier 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment les partenaires financiers des jeunes entrepreneurs raisonnent-ils face à un nouveau projet ? L’analyse du point de vue de la principale catégorie de destinataires du d’affaires met en avant des différences significatives entre les attentes des banquiers, celles des business angels et celles des investisseurs en capital-risque. Les différences portent tant sur la forme que sur le fond. L’analyse souligne également deux évolutions valables pour tous : l’importance accrue des aspects commerciaux au détriment des analyses plus stratégiques. Ainsi, rien ne change : tout le monde veut toujours recevoir un plan d’affaires. Mais par ailleurs, l’heure n’est plus au stéréotype. La diversité des attentes et l’émergence de nouveaux outils permettent d’augmenter la pertinence de l’exercice de préparation du plan d’affaires, il faudrait plutôt dire « des » plans d’affaires. Les entrepreneurs et leurs accompagnateurs doivent donc compléter leur boîte à outils et mieux comprendre lequel utiliser en fonction du contexte.
L'avenir des humanités
Authors: Cibois Philippe 
Published: December 2012

Résumé La culture classique ne peut plus aujourd’hui être considérée comme un « héritage » à réactiver. Il faut la réapprendre, non comme un patrimoine, mais comme une manière de penser le monde dans sa globalité, sans se laisser enfermer dans des savoirs techniques qui ont tendance à devenir hégémoniques ; cela suppose de repenser les méthodes d’enseignement du français, du latin, etc., pour faire contribuer ces matières à une éducation à la démocratie.
Les controverses du « mariage pour tous »
Authors: Duvert Cyrille , Lacroix Xavier , Schlegel Jean-Louis , Sichère Bernard , Padis Marc-Olivier , Béja Alice 
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’ouverture du mariage aux couples de même sexe invite à s’interroger sur le mariage lui-même : est-il une célébration de l’amour ou la fondation de la famille ? On voit bien que c’est sur ce terrain que se déplace le débat, autour des questions de procréation et de filiation, de rapport au corps et de droit de l’enfant. Encore faut-il savoir si le droit seul est véritablement en mesure de les trancher.
Les multiples facettes du pacte de compétitivité
Authors: Meunier François 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les mesures annoncées par le gouvernement à la suite du rapport Gallois pour améliorer la compétitivité de la France reposent en grande partie sur des transferts de charges sociales, qui représentent une sorte de « dévaluation interne ». Cela ne peut pourtant suffire à regagner en compétitivité, face à une Allemagne qui, qu’on le veuille ou non, est aujourd’hui la puissance économique dominante, donc celle par rapport à laquelle on doit se situer.
Emerson et l'emprise du legs
Authors: Pétillon Pierre-Yves 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment proclamer son indépendance ? Si les États-Unis ont conquis en 1776 leur indépendance politique, leur dépendance culturelle vis-à-vis de l’Europe persiste au xix e siècle. Le philosophe Ralph Waldo Emerson en appelle, lui, à se libérer de ces liens encombrants, à aller « un peu plus loin » pour donner une nouvelle forme à la pensée, aux mots ; mais est-il vraiment possible de penser « au-dehors », de se libérer de l’emprise de l’héritage ?
Simulation of Volumetric Swelling of Degradable Poly[(Rac-Lactide)-Co-Glycolide] Based Polyesterurethanes Containing Different Urethane-Linkers
Authors: Ghobadi Ehsan , Heuchel Matthias , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Aim The hydrolytic degradation behavior of degradable aliphatic polyester-based polymers is strongly influenced by the uptake or transport of water into the polymer matrix and also the hydrolysis rate of ester bonds. Methods We examined the volumetric swelling behavior of poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA) and PLGA-based poly-urethanes (PLGA-PU) with water contents of 0 wt%, 2 wt% and 7 wt% water at 310 K using a molecular modeling approach. Polymer systems with a number average molecular weight of Mn = 10,126 g·mol−1 were constructed from PLGA with a lactide content of 67 mol%, whereby PLGA-PU systems were composed of five PLGA segments with Mn = 2052 g·mol−1, which were connected via urethane linkers originated from 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (TMDI), hexamethyl-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), or L-lysine-1,6-diisocyanate (LDI). Results The calculated densities of the dry PLGA-PU systems were found to be lower than for pure PLGA. The obtained volumetric swelling of the PLGA-PU was depending on the type of urethane linker, whereby all swollen PLGA-PUs contained larger free volume distribution compared to pure PLGA. The mean square displacement curves for dry PLGA and PLGA-PUs showed that urethane linker units reduce the mobility of the polymer chains, while an increase in backbone atoms mobility was found, when water was added to these systems. Consequently, an increased water uptake of PLGA-PU matrices combined with a higher mobility of the chain segments should result in an accelerated hydrolytic chain scission rate in comparison to PLGA. Conclusions It can be anticipated that the incorporation of urethane linkers might be a helpful tool to adjust the degradation behavior of polyesters.
Accountable for What?
Authors: Stassen Martha L. A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
For many who are not immersed in the world of the assessment practitioner, “accountability” and “assessment” are perceived as interchangeable terms. They are not.
The New England Educational Assessment Network (NEEAN) Board has been discussing the relationship between these two agendas, and NEEAN's role in both, as a part of our strategic planning process. We believe that the NEEAN Board and the organization's members have an important responsibility for helping to shape and inform both the accountability and the student learning assessment conversations, and the institutional actions associated with each. In this reflection, we suggest a framework for these conversations.
First-Year Experience:
Authors: Ben-Avie Michael , Kennedy Marianne , Unson Christine , Li Jinhong , Riccardi Richard L. , Mugno Raymond 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In 2007 Southern Connecticut State University initiated a comprehensive First-Year Experience program to promote student engagement, improve academic competencies, and boost retention rates. The program included a revamped orientation, mandatory learning communities, increased academic support, and increased campus involvement. While all students participated in these components, only 50 percent of students were enrolled in a first-year seminar. Seminar participants demonstrated significantly higher rates of retention, higher GPAs, and more credits earned than nonseminar students. These effects were still evident after three years. This study identified a psychological-educational factor—future orientation—as an important factor for explaining the difference in outcomes.
Retrospective Review of Propofol Dosing for Procedural Sedation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Milius Eryn M. , Papademetrious Tricia R. , Heitlinger Leo A. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the total propofol dose (mg/kg) for non-emergent pediatric procedural sedation and evaluate dosing differences with regard to a patient's sex, age, and body mass index. Adverse events were recorded and evaluated to determine whether certain patient groups were at a higher risk than others.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective observational pilot study including patients 0 to 18 years of age admitted between January 2008 and November 2009 for non-emergent gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures or radiologic imaging, who received propofol for procedural sedation. Data gathered included sex, age, height, weight, chronic medical conditions and medication use, concomitant anesthetic gas, preprocedure midazolam, procedure length, propofol dose in mg/kg, other medications administered during procedure, and adverse events that occurred. Comparisons between adverse event groups and categories of baseline characteristics were made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric and Pearson's chisquare tests, as appropriate.

RESULTS
A total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The mean dose of propofol required for female patients was 3.7 mg/kg versus 3.4 mg/kg for males (p=0.3). The mean dose of propofol for patients ≤9 years, 10 to 12 years, and &gt;12 years was 3.2, 3.9, and 3.9 mg/kg, respectively (p=0.25). The mean dose of propofol for underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese patients was 4.2, 3.9, 3.6, and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively (p=0.38). Hypotension occurred in 42.6% of patients, and bradycardia occurred in 13.9% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS
There were no differences in dose requirements based on sex or age. The difference in dosing between different body weight categories was not statistically significant. The dose of propofol was higher in patients that experienced bradycardia and hypotension, but there was no statistical significance. Given the above, future studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to establish if statistical significance exists.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Standard Therapy with Fentanyl for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Premature Neonates
Authors: O'Mara Keliana , Gal Peter , Wimmer John , Ransom J. Laurence , Carlos Rita Q. , Dimaguila Mary Ann V.T. , Davanzo Christie C. , Smith McCrae 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for sedation in mechanically ventilated premature neonates.

METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational case-control study in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Forty-eight premature neonates requiring mechanical ventilation were included. Patients received fentanyl (n=24) or dexmedetomidine (n=24) for pain or sedation. Each group also received fentanyl and lorazepam boluses as needed for agitation. The primary outcomes were efficacy and frequency of acute adverse events associated with each drug. Days on mechanical ventilation, stooling patterns, feeding tolerance, and neurologic outcomes were also evaluated.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the dexmedetomidine and fentanyl patients. Patients in the dexmedetomidine group required less adjunctive sedation and had more days free of additional sedation in comparison to fentanyl (54.1% vs. 16.5%, p&lt;0.0001). There were no differences in hemodynamic parameters between the 2 groups. Duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the dexmedetomidine group (14.4 vs. 28.4 days, p&lt;0.001). Meconium passage (7.5 vs. 22.4 days, p&lt;0.0002) and time from initiation to achievement of full enteral feeds (26.8 vs. 50.8 days, p&lt;0.0001) were shorter in the dexmedetomidine group. Incidence of culture-positive sepsis was lower in the dexmedetomidine group (48% vs. 88%). The incidence of either severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia was not statistically significantly reduced (2% vs. 7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Dexmedetomidine was safe and effective for sedation in the premature neonates included in this study. Prospective randomized-controlled trials are needed before routine use of dexmedetomidine can be recommended.
Découverte de Blaps lethifera lethifera Marsham, 1802 (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae : Tenebrioninae : Blaptini) au Canada
Authors: Brisson Jean Denis , Racine Michel 
Published: December 2012

La découverte de larves et d’adultes du ténébrion des écuries (Blaps lethifera lethiferaMarsham, 1802 ; Tenebrionidae :Tenebrioninae : Blaptini), à l’hippodrome de Québec, et d’une certaine faune commensale associée à ce ténébrion, constitue l’objet de la première mention de cette espèce de Ténébrionidés pour le Canada. Les « hommes à chevaux » nous ont affirmé spontanément connaître les « barbots » depuis au moins 30 ans pour la majorité d’entre eux dans les vieilles écuries des autres hippodromes de Blue Bonnets, Rockland, Trois-Rivières et Meadowlands (New Jersey). Toutefois, il a été possible de retracer une personne qui avait côtoyé ce ténébrion depuis plus de 85 ans. L’insecte se serait implanté dans d’autres écuries du Québec puisqu’il fut positivement identifié en région, mais ses populations ne semblent pas s’être maintenues dans les écuries modernes étant donné qu’elles n’y furent pas rapportées.
Une analyse des systèmes d’instruments chez les chargés de sécurité : proposition pour analyser la pratique enseignante
Authors: Munoz Grégory , Bourmaud Gaëtan 
Published: December 2012

Si des travaux de recherche, inspirés de l’approche instrumentale de Rabardel (1995), ont éclairé les activités instrumentées des enseignants en repérant des genèses instrumentales (Saujat, 2000), en revanche aucun n’a cherché à considérer ses systèmes d’instruments (Bourmaud, 2006). Inspirés par une investigation réalisée dans le secteur industriel, nous discutons de l’opportunité d’une telle analyse pour la formation des enseignants. À partir d’une étude de cas appuyée sur des entretiens explorant la tâche redéfinie (Leplat, 1997) de professionnels chargés de sécurité en entreprise, nous déterminons les cinq caractéristiques d’un système d’instruments chez un des professionnels devenus formateur.
Authenticity in the Language Teaching Curriculum
Authors: McKay Sandra 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Authenticity is clearly a catch term in current language teaching. In the UCLA's Language Materials Project Web site (2009) for less commonly taught languages, one of the major links is for authentic materials that include lesson plans on using such items as signs, postcards, greeting cards, product labels, recipes, menus, and maps for developing language. Indeed there are even entire books devoted to authenticity in language teaching (see Suggested Readings). The popularity and acceptance of authentic materials as a basis for language learning led Day (2003) to refer to the phenomenon as a “cult of authenticity.”
Multimodality and Literacy
Authors: Evan Nelson Mark 
Published: December 2012

Abstract“Multimodality”—literally, the quality of integrating multiple forms or means—is a term that has been taken up by a number of fields over the past few decades (e.g., in medicine) to describe the co‐application of a diversity of diagnostic imaging strategies, and in research into artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and augmented reality to talk about coordinated aspects of multisensory experience within digital environments.
Synthetic Immersive Environments and Second Language Pragmatic Development
Authors: Sykes Julie M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSynthetic immersive environments (SIEs) are engineered, digital spaces which draw on the complex, goal‐directed, collaborative game‐play behavior of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) “to produce explicit, educationally related outcomes in simulated, relevant interactional contexts” (Sykes, 2008, pp. 10–11).
Comparative Analysis of Fracture Strength of Slurry and Diamond Wire Sawn Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Wafers
Authors: Yang Chris , Wu Hao , Melkote Shreyes , Danyluk Steven 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of fracture strength of multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) solar wafers produced by slurry and diamond wire sawing. The wafers were bent in two orthogonal orientations relative to the saw marks. The fracture strength of slurry sawn wafers increases gradually from wire entry to wire exit whereas the strength variation in the wire feed direction is small. The fracture strength of diamond wire sawn wafers is bi‐directional, with a higher strength if bent perpendicular to the saw marks and a lower strength if bent parallel to the saw marks. The fracture strength variation is related to the microcracks generated in the vicinity of grit‐induced surface damage.
Fabrication of Interconnected Porous Elastomers by a Microsphere‐Templating Process
Authors: Hong Yifeng , Zhou Jack G. , Yao Donggang 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, a solvent‐free microsphere‐templating process was developed to fabricate porous elastomers. The process starts with preparation of a porous wax template by thermal sintering at a temperature close to the wax melting temperature. Then, low‐viscosity monomers for elastomeric polyurethane were cast into the wax template. Finally, after casting and curing of the elastomer, the wax component was removed by mechanical forces (centrifuge or squeezing) to produce a porous elastomer. With this process, polyurethane scaffolds with a co‐continuous porous structure were successfully prepared. The optimal sintering temperature for the wax template was attained about 4°C below the wax peak melting temperature, leading to a stable process for joining wax microspheres into a three‐dimensional porous template. Mechanistic approaches were found to be effective for extracting wax in the cast polyurethane; more than 90% of wax can be simply removed by mechanical squeezing above the wax melting temperature. After wax removal, the polyurethane demonstrated a morphology with micropores interconnected by microchannels, indicating the interconnectivity of the porous structure. Tensile tests showed that the resulting porous material is highly deformable and elastic, exhibiting typical properties of polyurethane elastomers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 2013, 32, 21330; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21330