bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position 834 in TM6 plays an important role in cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine transport by ABCA1
Authors: Itoh Shimpei , Nagao Kohjiro , Kimura Yasuhisa , Matsuo Michinori , Kioka Noriyuki , Ueda Kazumitsu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) plays a key role in eliminating excess cholesterol from peripheral cells by generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, it remains unclear whether both phospholipids and cholesterol are directly loaded onto apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by ABCA1. To identify the amino acid residues of ABCA1 involved in substrate recognition and transport, we applied arginine scan mutagenesis to residues L821–E843 of human ABCA1 and predicted the environment to which each residue is exposed. The relative surface expression of each mutant suggested that residues L821–E843 pass through the plasma membrane as TM6, and the four residues (S826, F830, L834, and V837) of TM6 are exposed to the hydrophilic internal cavity of ABCA1. Furthermore, we showed that L834 is critical for the function of ABCA1.
Transient DNMT1 suppression reveals hidden heritable marks in the genome
Authors: McGraw Serge , Zhang Jacques X. , Farag Mena , Chan Donovan , Caron Maxime , Konermann Carolin , Oakes Christopher C. , Mohan K. Naga , Plass Christoph , Pastinen Tomi , Bourque Guillaume , Chaillet J. Richard , Trasler Jacquetta M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Genome-wide demethylation and remethylation of DNA during early embryogenesis is essential for development. Imprinted germline differentially methylated domains (gDMDs) established by sex-specific methylation in either male or female germ cells, must escape these dynamic changes and sustain precise inheritance of both methylated and unmethylated parental alleles. To identify other, gDMD-like sequences with the same epigenetic inheritance properties, we used a modified embryonic stem (ES) cell line that emulates the early embryonic demethylation and remethylation waves. Transient DNMT1 suppression revealed gDMD-like sequences requiring continuous DNMT1 activity to sustain a highly methylated state. Remethylation of these sequences was also compromised in vivo in a mouse model of transient DNMT1 loss in the preimplantation embryo. These novel regions, possessing heritable epigenetic features similar to imprinted-gDMDs are required for normal physiological and developmental processes and when disrupted are associated with disorders such as cancer and autism spectrum disorders. This study presents new perspectives on DNA methylation heritability during early embryo development that extend beyond conventional imprinted-gDMDs.
Primary and Radiation-induced Breast Angiosarcoma
Authors: Ghareeb Erica R. , Bhargava Rohit , Vargo John A. , Florea Anca V. , Beriwal Sushil 
Published: January 2015

Background:
Mammary angiosarcoma (AS) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates and poor overall survival. Limited data exist to guide treatment. We aimed to identify patterns of failure in the context of adjuvant radiation and to identify prognostic indicators to better guide management.

Methods:
Thirty-five patients with breast AS at UPMC Magee Women’s Hospital from June 1994 to March 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathology was rereviewed for 22 patients by an expert breast pathologist using an objective scoring system, partly based on the Rosen grading scheme. All patients completed R0 resection, with 14 of them receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) (82% of which represented reirradiation for radiation-induced AS).

Results:
At a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 3 to 178 mo), the primary mode of failure was local with 32% local first failure. Tumor size >5 cm, radiation-induced etiology, and the omission of adjuvant RT were important prognostic factors of tumor control and survival. Histopathology including necrosis, number of mitotic figures, endothelial tufting, solid/spindle cell foci, and the combined scoring system were prognostic for recurrence patterns.

Conclusions:
Breast AS has high rates of local failure despite R0 resection, which may be improved with adjuvant RT, even in the reirradiation setting. Histopathology is prognostic for recurrence patterns.
Metformin Does Not Predict for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Grade, or Volume of Disease After Transperineal Template-guided Mapping Biopsy
Authors: Merrick Gregory S. , Bennett Abbey , Couture Travis , Butler Wayne M. , Galbreath Robert W. , Adamovich Edward 
Published: January 2015

Objectives:
Previous studies have evaluated whether metformin is associated with prostate cancer incidence and outcomes with conflicting conclusions. In this study, we evaluate the incidence of prostate cancer in diabetic patients treated with and without metformin compared with nondiabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
One thousand thirty-four patients underwent transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy secondary to either an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or a prior biopsy finding of atypical small acinar proliferation/prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The cohort included 881 nondiabetic men, 65 diabetic men treated with metformin, and 88 diabetic men not receiving metformin. In metformin-treated patients, the median duration of usage was 6.0 years. Differences in prostate cancer diagnosis, histologic grade, and tumor volume were compared across the 3 cohorts.

Results:
There was no statistically significant differences discerned between the 3 cohorts in patient age, prebiopsy PSA, prostate volume, PSA density, PSA doubling time, PSA velocity, or the total number of prior transrectal ultrasound biopsy sessions. Five hundred eighty-four patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. There was no difference in prostate cancer diagnosis (P=0.153), Gleason score (P=0.960), the number of positive biopsy cores (P=0.764), or risk group stratification (P=0.877) between the 3 cohorts. In multivariate analysis, only older age predicted for prostate cancer diagnosis. In terms of Gleason score ≥7, patient age, PSA velocity, and body mass index predicted for more aggressive histology. Neither diabetes, metformin use or duration was of statistical consequence.

Conclusion:
Metformin did not impact incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis, Gleason score distribution, or volume of disease.
The link between export relationship quality, performance and expectation of continuing the relationship
Authors: Ahamed A.F.M. Jalal , Skallerud Kåre 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is threefold: to investigate how relationship quality affects export performance; to see if and to what extent export performance affects exporter satisfaction; and to determine whether exporter satisfaction ultimately affects the expectation of continuing the export-import relationship in an emerging market.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reports the findings of a survey of 185 respondents from the ready-made garments industry in Bangladesh chosen from a convenience sample. The responding exporters were located in Dhaka city or nearby areas. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares technique.Findings– The results support four out of five hypotheses, indicating that there is a significant relationship between exporter relationship quality and financial and strategic export performance. Additionally, a positive relationship between financial export performance and exporter satisfaction and between exporter satisfaction and the expectation of continuing the relationship are shown. No significant relationship between strategic export performance and exporter satisfaction is found.Practical implications– The findings have practical implications for managers and policy-makers interested in developing effective strategies for building and maintaining high quality export-import relationships, especially in the context of an emerging market.Originality/value– In order to accomplish the research goal, the main constructs from two influential streams of literature – social exchange theory and the disconfirmation of expectation theory – are utilized. This is new in the context of an emerging economy perspective.
Inorganic growth of technology sector firms in emerging markets
Authors: Das Arindam , Kapil Sheeba 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Emerging economies and technology firms in these economies have witnessed significant increase in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical research on Indian technology firms and analyze the influence of firm-specific factors on firms’ M&A decisions.Design/methodology/approach– A set of 372 Indian firms in the technology sector have been studied for the period 2001-2011, a decade when this sector has seen maximum number of M&A transactions.Findings– The results show that financially strong, low-debt firms with high market capitalization are the typical acquirers in this segment and they tend to be serial acquirer too.Originality/value– Contrary to established findings in developed economies, the authors find that Indian technology firms’ acquisition decisions are not associated with their R&D activities, opening up scope for investigations on role of technology assets in emerging market firms’ acquisition decisions.
The rise of the BRICS and their challenge to the G7
Authors: Mostafa Golam , Mahmood Monowar 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This paper attempts to assess the economic growth prospects of the BRICS countries and their potential ability to challenge and overtake the G7 countries. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: Do the BRICS represent a tangible economic threat to surpass the G7, and if so, how?Design/methodology/approach– The authors adopt a qualitative research method based on secondary data sources, such as journal publications, reports published by international organizations, and newspaper and magazine articles. Data from these different sources is compiled and presented in tabular form to provide logical support to the arguments.Findings– Based on the data analysis, the authors conclude that the BRICS have the potential to overtake the G7 in the long run. However, this objective is not likely to be as easy as presumed by economists, since a number of factors and uncertainties may deter the growing economic power and influence of the BRICS.Originality/value– At present, there is hardly any study or research in the available literature that compares these two blocs of countries. Hence, this comparative study will contribute significantly toward the advancement of future comparative economic studies.
Does explicit comparative advertising affect Indian consumers’ attitudes towards low and high-involvement product?
Authors: Jain Varsha , Trivedi Rohit H , Joshi Vikrant , Daswani Aarzoo 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– With increasing use of explicit comparative advertisement to get share of consumers’ mind and influence their purchase decision in western context, the same is now used extensively in emerging markets like India. However, there has not been sufficient research to understand the effectiveness of explicit comparative advertisement in low and high-involvement product categories. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to attempt to understand the effectiveness of explicit comparative advertising on consumers’ attitude and purchase intention (PI) towards high and low-involvement products.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study carried out experimental treatments with 2 × 2 factorial design among 200 Indian young consumers who were in the age group 18-25. The independent variables were product categories and type of advertising (comparative and non-comparative) and dependent variables were consumer attitude and PIs.

Findings
– It was found that the comparative form of advertisement developed favourable response towards the advertisement, rather than towards the brand or PI.

Research limitations/implications
– The study found that comparative advertising is effective for high as well as low-involvement product category in changing the consumer’s attitude towards the advertisement. The research has used print media for conducting the experiment.

Practical implications
– It can be inferred that comparisons should be supplemented with additional information in the form of the unique features and associated emotions and feeling of the product in order to develop favourable attitude towards the brand and PI.

Originality/value
– Comparative advertising is a growing domain and there has been very little contribution by the researchers specially on high and low-involvement product categories.
Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Fernández-Ferrín Pilar , Bande-Vilela Belén , Klein Jill Gabrielle , del Río-Araújo M. Luisa 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity provide marketing management with two useful concepts to understand the reasons behind consumers’ purchase decisions concerning domestic vs imported products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism within a single model, and respondents’ evaluations of a specific product category are solicited.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is conducted within an ideal context for the study of consumer animosity: data were collected in Belgrade shortly after the US-led NATO bombings of 1999. The surveys were carried out in person at the interviewees’ home. The sample was part of a regular omnibus panel composed of 270 adult respondents, of which 92.2 percent agreed to participate.

Findings
– The findings indicate that animosity and consumer ethnocentrism are distinct constructs. Also consistent with previous research, results obtained confirm that each construct has unique antecedents and consequences.

Practical implications
– Once consumer animosity and ethnocentrism levels have been measured, managers can then make decisions about whether to promote their country of origin or, alternatively, create more powerful local connections for their products. Thus, the consideration of animosity and ethnocentrism can be part of a firm’s international strategies.

Originality/value
– Previous studies on consumer animosity have demonstrated through structural equation modeling that the two constructs are distinct and have distinct antecedents, but research has not examined both the antecedents and the consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism in the same study. Thus, this study investigates the antecedents and consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism within a single model.
Making Hong Kong companies liable for foreign corruption
Authors: Michael Bryane 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to assess the extent to which Hong Kong’s laws deter its companies from engaging in corruption and bribery abroad.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mix of economics, public administration, management and legal analysis was used to assess weaknesses in Hong Kong’s laws governing the prohibition of bribe payments abroad.

Findings
– Hong Kong does not explicitly criminalise corporate bribery abroad. Companies – as legal persons – can not be found guilty of corruption. It is argued that Hong Kong’s Legislative Council should amend various laws to modernise Hong Kong’s approach to tackling corruption committed by its companies abroad. The various approaches lawmakers can take towards assigning responsibility for corruption to companies are presented. The approaches that prosecutors at the Department of Justice can take to adopt prosecutorial methods like those used in other upper-income jurisdictions and the ways that Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) can assist in this work are also described.

Practical implications
– This research has practical findings for Hong Kong’s policymakers, law firms and companies which operate in Hong Kong. For policymakers, we describe legal changes Hong Kong’s legislators will likely make in the years ahead and the preferred ways of engaging in such change. For law firms, we describe the legal changes coming to Hong Kong which legal advisors will need to advise their clients on. For companies, we describe changes that companies operating in Hong Kong will likely need to comply with in the future.

Social implications
– This paper shows that when Hong Kong adopts best practice in the field of corporate criminalisation, Hong Kong’s role in “exporting” corruption will likely fall.

Originality/value
– This article describes a set of legal changes which will change the way Hong Kong treats corruption. The literature tends to glamorise Hong Kong’s anti-corruption work. It is shown that its law falls far behind other jurisdictions, as well as how “treating companies like people” in the case of Hong Kong will likely change the way Hong Kong’s prosecutors think about crime and criminal perpetrators.
Legal questions on financial market abuse
Authors: Pera Alessandra 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to underline the impact that globalization of financial markets has on national punishment policies. The US financial crisis has strongly affected consumers’ lives, but the focus of this research is on the national provisions against the illegal and unfair behaviour of economic actors, with special regard to a phenomenon that took place abroad, but whose effects came to light in many different countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– Different methodological approaches, both deductive and inductive, are combined in the present paper, together with comparative and philosophical insights on national Court decisions and scholar writings.

Findings
– As European Union (EU) member States experts are discussing about a lex mercatoria for the financial markets to govern the EU integration process, this study highlights some questions concerning mainly three aspects: the level of censorship; forms and nature of responsibility; punitive models and their micro- and macro-economic effects.

Originality/value
– The study offers insights into the possible answers in terms of criminal and private law remedies to fight financial market abuse in a global dimension, through the use of general principles of contractual and tort law, which are common among EU member State, as culpa in eligendo, culpa in vigilando, duty of information, duty of care, ecc […] .
Discretionary justice
Authors: Gilsinan James F. , Islam Muhammed , Seitz Neil , Fisher James 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the reasons why some financial crises do not result in extensive criminal prosecutions.Design/methodology/approach– The authors examine three major events: the crash of 1929 leading to the Great Depression, the collapse of the US Savings and Loan industry circa 1990 and the sub-prime mortgage meltdown. The authors explain how circumstances surrounding these financial collapses led to stark differences in criminal prosecutions.Findings– This review of prosecutions during three financial crises underscores the contingent nature of seeking criminal penalties for financial wrongdoing. The decision is influenced by a number of factors, including a prosecutor’s level of risk tolerance (probable win test); the potential economic impact of a successful conviction; the number of laws and regulations available in the prosecutorial tool kit; and the desired outcome which can range from new regulatory structures, to prosecutions that fix blame and satisfy the desire for scapegoats, to seeking financial penalties that shore up the government’s bottom line.Research limitations/implications– This study covers three crises and focuses on the US responses. A broader study could look across countries.Practical implications– Regulators and lawmakers are interested in avoiding future crises. Because crises are not anticipated, responses are determined by conditions of the moment. A frequent result is that laws and regulations are not in place. Decisions about likely preferred responses would allow anticipatory legislation and regulations.Social implications– Financial crises obviously have major implications for ordinary citizens far removed from the centers of finance. Improved responses to mitigate or avoid disasters would have profound impacts on people’s quality of life.Originality/value– The three crises have been studied individually. This work is different in that it examines the impact of a common set of factors over three crises covering a span of 80 years.
The vexing problem of defining financial exploitation
Authors: Jackson Shelly L. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to study the vexing problem of defining financial exploitation. Advocates and practitioners in the field who have been battling financial exploitation are pleased to observe the increased attention that financial exploitation is receiving at all levels of society. With this increased attention, however, there has been a conflation of terms used to describe financial exploitation, resulting in some confusion about what constitutes financial exploitation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Fully recognizing that definitions serve different functions, this paper identifies three main purposes of a definition and then describes the myriad ways financial exploitation has been defined in the research literature, by organizations, and in civil and criminal statutes.

Findings
– Financial exploitation has been defined in multiple ways within and across categories. Furthermore, the definition has expanded over time. This paper proposes the need for greater definitional clarity around the concept of financial exploitation, and argues that at a minimum a distinction must be made between financial exploitation and financial fraud.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to comprehensively review the myriad ways in which financial exploitation has been defined in the literature, by organizations and within state civil and criminal statutes.