bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between youth’s exposure to unhealthy digital food marketing and their dietary intake in Canada
Authors: Vergeer Laura , Soto Carolina , Bagnato Mariangela , Pauzé Elise , Amson Ashley , Ramsay Tim , Olstad Dana Lee , Welch Vivian , Potvin Kent Monique 
Published: August 2024

There is limited evidence on how exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods affects youth’s dietary behaviours. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between youth’s self-reported digital food marketing exposure and dietary intakes, and explore predictors of frequent unhealthy food consumption. A survey was conducted among 1075 youth in Canada (aged 10–17 years) in April 2023. Proportional odds models examined associations between frequency of exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods and frequency of consumption of those foods, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and digital device usage. Compared with participants reporting no exposure to digital fast-food marketing in the past week, those exposed ≥4 times per week were more likely to consume fast food more frequently. Youth exposed to digital marketing of sugary drinks and salty/savoury snacks ≥1 time(s) in the previous week were more likely to consume these foods on a greater number of days, compared with those reporting no exposure to this marketing in the past week. Reporting exposure to digital marketing of desserts/sweet treats every day or more than once a day was associated with more frequent consumption of desserts/sweet treats. Province of residence (Ontario/Quebec) and total daily time spent online predicted more frequent consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, salty/savoury snacks, and desserts/sweet treats. Overall, more frequent self-reported exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods is associated with more frequent consumption of these foods by Canadian youth. Regulations are needed to help protect youth from digital food marketing, which may help reduce their unhealthy food consumption.
Assessing the effects of high-carvacrol oregano oil on rumen microbial fermentation, gas production, and methane production in vitro
Authors: Benchaar Chaouki , Hassanat Fadi 
Published: August 2024

The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of high-carvacrol oregano oil (ORE; 50 g/kg oregano oil, 800–802 g/kg carvacrol), on microbial fermentation and CH4 production. In the experiment (a complete randomized block design), treatments included a negative control (CTL, no additive), a positive control (monensin, MON, 10 mg/L of culture fluid), and ORE (20, 40, 80, 120, 200, 160, and 1000 mg/L of culture fluid). Compared with CTL, MON shifted ( p < 0.05) volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile from acetate and butyrate to propionate production, thereby reducing ( p < 0.05) CH4 production (−26%). Monensin decreased ( p < 0.05) NH3 and branched-chain VFA concentrations. Of the doses evaluated, only the highest dose (1000 mg/L) affected ruminal microbial fermentation and CH4 production. At this dose, ORE reduced ( p < 0.05) gas production, total VFA, acetate, propionate and NH3 concentrations, and CH4 production (−22%). The reduced gas production and total VFA is an indication of feed digestion inhibition. These results suggest that ORE may decrease CH4 production and improve ruminal N utilization. However, these findings need to be validated in vivo to determine the optimal dose to benefit from the positive effects while avoiding the negative impact of ORE on feed digestion.
Matrix hypercontractivity, streaming algorithms and LDCs: the large alphabet case
Authors: Arunachalam Srinivasan , Doriguello Joao F. 
Published: August 2024

We prove a hypercontractive inequality for matrix-valued functions defined over large alphabets. In order to do so, we prove a generalization of the powerful 2-uniform convexity inequality for trace norms of Ball, Carlen, Lieb (Inventiones Mathematicae’94). Using our hypercontractive inequality, we present upper and lower bounds for the communication complexity of the Hidden Hypermatching problem defined over large alphabets. We then consider streaming algorithms for approximating the value of Unique Games on a hypergraph with
t
-size hyperedges. By using our communication lower bound, we show that every streaming algorithm in the adversarial model achieving an

\((r-\varepsilon)\)

-approximation of this value requires

\(\Omega (n^{1-2/t})\)

quantum space, where
r
is the alphabet size. We next present a lower bound for locally decodable codes (

\(\mathsf {LDC}\)

)

\(\mathbb {Z}_r^n\rightarrow \mathbb {Z}_r^N\)

over large alphabets with recoverability probability at least

\(1/r + \varepsilon\)

. Using hypercontractivity, we give an exponential lower bound

\(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^4 n/r^4)}\)

for 2-query (possibly non-linear)

\(\mathsf {LDC}\)

s over

\(\mathbb {Z}_r\)

and using the non-commutative Khintchine inequality we prove an improved lower bound of

\(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^2 n/r^2)}\)

.
Insight into the Impact of Electron Drift Trajectory on Charge Collection in Silicon Drift Detector
Authors: Guo Rongrong , Peng Yujia , Huang Huixiang , Chen Chih-Ching , Chen Tsung-Yi 
Published: August 2024

The internal electric field distribution is one key design consideration, which affects the charge collection efficiency in silicon drift detectors (SDDs). The internal electrostatic potential distributions along SDD front and back surfaces, which are determined by the applied voltages at cathode electrodes, define the final internal field distribution. Front-back bias coupling leads to the complexity of electrode structure design and voltage tuning. Device simulation is performed to investigate the performance of SDDs with varied bias voltages. When the cathode bias is −40 V with the first ring bias of −15 V and the outermost ring bias of −80 V, the detector is biased with a uniform electric field distribution, favorable electron drift trajectories. The simulation results provide new insight into the influence of internal electric field and electron drift trajectories on the charge collection efficiency. According to the analysis of simulation results, a 2000 × 2000 μm area concentric silicon drift detector was designed and fabricated. The electrical characteristics of the designed detectors were studied to show the validity of the proposed device design methodology. The internal electric field distribution and electron drift trajectories can be tuned to improve the charge collection efficiency.
CAR T Cells Engineered to Secrete IFNκ Induce Tumor Ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 Axis
Authors: Gao Yaoxin , Liu Shasha , Huang Yifan , Wang Hui , Zhao Yuyu , Cui Xuyang , Peng Yajing , Li Feng , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death that influences cancer immunity. Therapeutic modulation of ferroptosis is considered a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of other cancer therapies, including immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that IFNκ influenced the induction of ferroptosis. IFNκ could enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis induced by the small molecule compound erastin and the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid. Mechanistically, IFNκ in combination with arachidonic acid induced immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via an IFNAR/STAT1/ACSL4 axis. Moreover, CAR T cells engineered to express IFNκ showed increased antitumor efficiency against H460 cells (antigen positive) and H322 cells (antigen-negative) both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that IFNκ is a potential cytokine that could be harnessed to enhance the antitumor function of CAR T cells by inducing tumor ferroptosis.
“Art Is the Armchair in Which the State Sits for Its Own Pleasure”
Authors: Susik Abigail 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In mid-January 1925, André Breton published an editorial, “La dernière grève” (The Last Strike) in the opening pages of the second issue of the new Parisian journal he helped produce, La Révolution surréaliste (Surrealist revolution). Breton’s essay discusses the tentative economic value of cultural and intellectual production in the capitalist economy and calls for artists, philosophers, and scholars to undertake a general strike for a period lasting between several nights to one year. Breton’s “Last Strike” essay influenced another and much more well-known call for an art strike by a French writer who was closely aligned with surrealism, Alain Jouffroy. The purpose of this essay is to analyze Breton’s 1925 “Last Strike” essay in relation to Jouffroy’s late 1960s statements on the art strike and the revolutionary abolition of art, in order to determine the differences and similarities between their approaches, and to demonstrate how surrealism is essential to Jouffroy’s theories about the abolition of art as a key aspect of anticapitalist culture.
The Court’s Correcting Mechanism: ‘General Measures’ as a Judicial Remedy to Address Legislative Inaction?
Authors: Bombay Anne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Citizens confronted with a domestic legislator remaining inactive in contravention of its human rights obligations may turn to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or Court). Having already passed legal challenges at the ‘heads’ end of the European system of human rights, the question arises whether they can find redress at the ‘tail’. When the ECtHR establishes a violation due to a lack of regulatory framework, it may decide to indicate general measures in Article 46 and pilot judgments. Based on an analysis of case law, this paper elaborates on how the Court goes about its remedial practice in legislative inactivity cases. The observations relate to addressing the domestic legislator directly, and the frequency, legal status, content, and deadline of the measures. They can, at least in part, be explained by the Court’s adherence to the principle of subsidiarity. Still, many uncertainties concerning the Court’s practice remain.
Relationship between Newly Fallen Snow Density and Polarimetric Parameters Obtained from X-Band Radar Observations along the Sea of Japan Coast in January 2021
Authors: Takami Kazuya , Kamamoto Rimpei , Suzuki Kenji , Yamaguchi Kosei , Nakakita Eiichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The density of newly fallen snow ρN is an important parameter for assessing accumulated snowfall depth. We examined the relationships between polarimetric parameters of X-band radar and the ρN in dry snow cases with ground temperatures less than 0°C. Our study was based on observations at Niigata Prefecture, Japan, along the coastal region of the Sea of Japan. This region is subjected primarily to sea-effect snow during the winter monsoon season, and convective clouds and rimed snow are common. We assumed that snow particles that accumulated on the ground originated from altitudes above an altitude with a temperature of −15°C, and we focused on the ratio of the differential phase KDP to radar reflectivity Zh, which is influenced by both aspect ratio and inverse particle size. We found that KDP/Zh at an altitude with a temperature of −15°C exhibited a greater magnitude for lower ρN values. Its correlation coefficient was the best among the polarimetric parameters that we examined. The difference in ice crystal flatness is highlighted rather than the difference in size because aggregation growth has not progressed at this altitude. On the basis of this result, we propose an empirical relationship between KDP/Zh at an altitude with a temperature of −15°C and ρN on the ground, thereby facilitating the estimation of snowfall depth by combining the estimated ρN with the liquid equivalent snowfall rate from, for example, Zh or KDP.

Significance Statement
This study aims to estimate the density of newly fallen (just-accumulated) snow from polarimetric radar observations. Understanding the newly fallen snow density will help to determine the exact snowfall depth. Focusing on polarimetric parameters at an altitude with a temperature of −15°C, we conducted radar and ground-based observations of snow particles and found that the newly fallen snow density of dry snow can be estimated. We were able to highlight the difference in ice crystal flatness before aggregation growth progressed by focusing on higher altitudes.
Adolescent Perspectives on Their E-Cigarette Initiation Experiences
Authors: Guerra Castillo Claudia , Hoeft Kristin S. , Couch Elizabeth T. , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie , Chaffee Benjamin W. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose To examine adolescents’ perspectives regarding external and internal influences of the e-cigarette initiation process. Design Semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews. Setting California, remote videoconference. Participants Adolescents ages 13-17 who currently or previously used e-cigarettes (n = 47). Method Interviews occurred from May 2020-February 2021. Two researchers coded transcripts based on a codebook developed inductively. Coded excerpts were reviewed to identify encompassing themes related to adolescent e-cigarette initiation. Results Adolescents were often near e-cigarette use by peers, family members, and others, creating ample opportunities to try e-cigarettes in response to curiosity, peer pressure, and desires to cope with stress or belong to a group. Adverse first experiences were common (eg, throat irritation, nausea), but many adolescents vaped again or continued to use regularly in attempts to cement friendships or alleviate symptoms of stress and anxiety. Specific characteristics of e-cigarette devices, including low-cost, concealability, and variety in designs and flavors facilitated initiation, continued use, and nicotine dependence. Conclusions Adolescents progress to e-cigarette use via a multistage process, starting where social expectations and opportunity converge. While individual circumstances vary, many continue to vape as a perceived coping tool for emotional issues, to gain social belonging, or influenced by e-cigarette characteristics that contribute to ongoing use and dependence. Efforts to deter use should address the devices themselves and the social forces driving youth interest in them.
Using visible and near infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for estimating total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils
Authors: Karimian Fereshteh , Ayoubi Shamsollah , Khalili Banafsheh , Mireei Seyed Ahmad , Al-Mulla Yaseen 
Published: August 2024

Petroleum pollution in soil is very damaging to the areas affected by the accidental release of petroleum hydrocarbons and has destructive impacts on natural resources and environmental health. Therefore, its monitoring and analysis are critical, however, due to the cost and time associated with chemical approaches, finding a quick and cost-effective analytical method is valuable. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using visible near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy to predict total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in polluted soils around the Shadegan ponds, in southern Iran. One hundred soil samples showing various degrees of pollution were randomly collected from topsoil (0–10 cm). The soil samples were analyzed for TPH using Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy in the laboratory and then following application of preprocessing transformation, partial least squares PLS regression as well as two machine learning models including random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were examined. The results showed that the reflectance values at 1725 nm and 2311 nm, respectively, served as indicative TPH reflectance features, exhibiting weaker reflection with rising TPH. Among the preprocessing methods, the baseline correction method indicated the highest performance than the others. According to the evaluation model criteria in the validation dataset, the efficiency of the three selected models was observed in the following order SVM > RF > PLS regression. The SVM model provided the best performance in the validation dataset with r2 = 0.85, root mean of square (RMSEP = 1.59 %, and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) = 2.6. Overall, this study provided strong evidence supporting the considerable potential of Visible-NIR spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective technique for estimating TPH levels in oil-contaminated soils, surpassing traditional chemical analytical methods. Applying the mid-infrared spectrum (MIR) in combination with Visible-NIR data is expected to provide more comprehensive and accurate results when assessing soils in polluted areas, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the results across a diverse range of soil types.
The impact of psychiatric facility design on reducing aggressive behaviours in an adult population: a narrative literature review
Authors: Grynevych Alla , Hew Anthony , Olver James 
Published: August 2024

Objectives This review examines the literature to determine whether physical design features of psychiatric facilities can help reduce aggressive behaviours in an adult patient population. Methods Using PRISMA’s methodology, we conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed primary studies on the physical design features and aggressive behaviours in psychiatric facilities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results A total of eight studies were identified. The findings revealed underlying themes in physical design efforts to reduce the incidences of aggressive behaviours, which included changes in structural design (e.g. single rooms; visiting/living/recreational areas; views of outdoors/nature; and uncrowded spaces) and changes in interior design (e.g. art and home-like/comforting environment). There were varying measures of patient aggression. Conclusions There was mixed evidence that superficial or structural design changes to psychiatric wards reduced patient aggression. Some studies found reduced aggression; others found no changes, while one study found increased aggression following the implementation of physical design changes. The methodological limitations of the available studies made it difficult to draw causative links and further research on the topic is needed.
Socio-Structural Intersect With Post-COVID-19 Telehealth Utilization for Hispanic/Latino Groups in Colorado: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Amura Claudia R. , Medina Rosario , Bean Meagan , Centi Sophia , Cook Paul F. , Barton Amy J. , Jones Jacqueline 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: We evaluated telehealth utilization among Colorado Hispanics/Latinos during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A mixed methods design was used with urban and rural patients recruited through two Colorado Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serving large Hispanic/Latino communities. Linguistically and culturally adapted Patient Attitudes Toward Telehealth (PATAT) surveys were collected electronically. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of Spanish-speaking Hispanics/Latinos. Results: Although the FQHCs serve a Hispanic/Latino population, only 40% of survey respondents (82/204) were Hispanic/Latinos, and they reported less telehealth utilization ( p < .01). Trust in telehealth seemed driven by previous use, with no differences in PATAT scores by ethnicity or geolocation. Interviews with Spanish-speaking Hispanics/Latinos showed they highly preferred in-person care, and factors that influenced telehealth utilization were situated within the intersection of culture and trust with socio-structural determinants of health. Discussion: Resolving disparities in telehealth utilization requires patient-centric approaches and equitable transcultural care for underserved Hispanic/Latino populations.
Anti-RANKL Antibody For Active Charcot Foot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rastogi Ashu , Singh Raveena , Ghosh Jayaditya , Gupta Rajat 
Published: August 2024

Background: Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CNO) is characterized with increased osteoclastic activity that can be curbed with antiresorptive agents. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) precludes bisphosphonates but anti–receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (anti-RANKL) antibody, denosumab, can be contemplated in CKD. We investigated denosumab for active CNO of foot in CKD for CNO remission. Methods: During the study period, 446 persons of diabetes with unilateral, active CNO of foot and CKD were identified and 78 were finally enrolled. Patients received either 60 mg denosumab (single-dose, subcutaneous) along with standard of care (SoC) as total contact cast (TCC) (group A; n = 26) or SoC (group B; n = 52) only. Patients were followed every 4 weeks until CNO remission and subsequently every 8 weeks until 48 weeks following remission. Remission was defined as temperature difference <2 °C between 2 feet confirmed twice (4 weeks apart) with clinical resolution of signs of inflammation. The primary outcome studied was proportion of patients achieving remission within 48 weeks and the time to remission. Results: Median age was 56.5 (48.8-65) and 57 (48.5-61.2) years, P = .57; duration of diabetes 16 (10-25.3) and 14.9 (10-19) years, P = .151; and estimated glomerular filtration rate 44.8 (21.1-65.6) and 45.7 (32.9-55.7) mL/min/1.73 m2, P = .771, in group A and B, respectively. Median temperature difference at presentation between the affected and opposite foot was 3.4 °C (2.7-6.9) and 3.2 °C (2.2-4.0), P = .119, respectively. All patients achieved remission in group A (100%) compared with 42 (80.8%) in group B ( P = .006) (hazard ratio 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87; P = .012). The median time to remission was similar in the 2 groups (15 [11-25] and 17.5 [14-31.5] weeks, P = .229, respectively). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 >14 ng/mL was significantly associated (OR 9.5, 95% CI 1.04-87.5, P = .045) with remission. Conclusion: Anti-RANKL antibody added to SoC (TCC) induces remission of active foot CNO in greater proportions of patients with diabetes and CKD.