bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does it help to talk about tics? An evaluation of a classroom presentation about Tourette syndrome
Authors: Nussey Claire , Pistrang Nancy , Murphy Tara 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) is a poorly understood condition characterised by motor and vocal tics. It may affect children's social functioning at school. This study examined the impact of a psychoeducational intervention (classroom presentation) from multiple perspectives.MethodWe used a mixed‐methods, multiple case‐study design with interviews, focus groups and self‐report questionnaires. Four children with TS, their parents, teachers and classmates (n = 100) took part.ResultsQuestionnaire data showed an increase in classmates' knowledge and positive attitudes about TS postintervention. Qualitative data revealed two overarching themes: the impact on classmates in terms of enabling prosocial behaviours, and the impact on the child in terms of their embracing having TS.ConclusionA brief psychoeducational intervention enhances knowledge and attitudes of classmates towards children with TS, and improves how children with TS feel about the condition. Further research is needed to evaluate this approach with larger samples of children and to identify mechanisms of change.
Phase I study of obinutuzumab (GA101) in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ogura Michinori , Tobinai Kensei , Hatake Kiyohiko , Uchida Toshiki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kobayashi Yukio , Mori Masakazu , Terui Yasuhito , Yokoyama Masahiro , Hotta Tomomitsu 
Published: October 2012

As CD20 has become an established target for treating B‐cell malignancies, there is interest in developing anti‐CD20 antibodies with different functional activity from rituximab that might translate into improved efficacy. Obinutuzumab (GA101) is a glycoengineered, humanized type II anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated superior activity to type I antibodies in preclinical studies and is currently being investigated in phase III trials. In this phase I dose‐escalating study in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, the primary endpoint was to characterize the safety of GA101; secondary endpoints were efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Patients received up to nine doses of GA101 with up to 52 weeks' follow up. Most adverse events were grade 1 or 2 infusion‐related reactions, and 10 grade 3/4 adverse events occurred. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed and the maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Out of 12 patients, 7 responded (end‐of‐treatment response rate 58%), with 2 complete responses and 5 partial responses. Responses were observed from low to high doses, and no dose‐efficacy relationship was observed. B‐cell depletion occurred in all patients after the first infusion and was maintained for the duration of treatment. Serum levels of GA101 increased in a dose‐dependent fashion, although there was inter‐patient variability. This phase I study demonstrated that GA101 has an acceptable safety profile and offers encouraging activity to Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. (Cancer Sci 2013; 104: 105–110)
Proton pump inhibitors are associated with hypersensitivity reactions to drugs in hospitalized patients: a nested case‐control in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ramírez E. , Cabañas R. , Laserna L. S. , Fiandor A. , Tong H. , Prior N. , Calderón O. , Medrano N. , Bobolea I. , Frías J. , Quirce S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBackgroundPrevious research has shown that gastric acid suppression by antacid drugs can promote allergic reactions to acid‐labile food proteins. No data are available about whether antacid drugs can promote drug hypersensitivity reactions. The most potent and longer lasting inhibition of gastric secretion is provided by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We hypothesized that gastric acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors could be causative of drug hypersensitivity reactions during hospitalization.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of developing drug hypersensitivity reactions during the hospitalization of patients treated with proton pump inhibitors, and other associated factors.MethodsA nested case‐control in a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients from September 2008 to December 2010 (70 771 admissions) was conducted using the registry of cases of interconsultations to the Allergy Department (161 confirmed cases of drug hypersensitivity reactions). A total of 318 controls were matched by first drug suspected in the hypersensitivity reaction, time of admission, age, gender and hospitalization wards.ResultsThe relative risk of drug hypersensitivity reaction occurrence during hospitalization of patients treated with PPIs compared with those not treated in the period of study was significant (RR: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.97–8.29). After controlling for confounders in the nested case‐control cohort, the use of PPIs persists as a predisposing factor (OR: 4.35; 95% CI: 2–9.45). Personal history of drug allergy and a long hospitalization time were other predisposing factors of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs). The hazard that a DHR has occurred during PPI treatment was 3.7% per day. The hazard for immediate or accelerated reactions was 1.706 (P = 0.003) times that of delayed reactions.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceIn hospitalized patients, the use of proton pump inhibitors was associated with a significant increase risk of drug hypersensitivity reactions along with a personal history of drug allergies and long hospitalization time.
The natural profilin from Russian thistle (Salsola kali ) contains a low IgE‐binding ability isoform – molecular and immunological characterization
Authors: Mas Salvador , Barderas Rodrigo , Colás Carlos , Quiralte Joaquín , Rodríguez Rosalía , Villalba Mayte 
Published: October 2012

Chenopodiaceae pollens such as those from Salsola kali and Chenopodium album are important causes of allergy in Mediterranean areas because of the progress of desertification in European countries. Among the various allergenic protein families, profilins constitute a group of pan‐allergens that are involved in polysensitization and pollen‐food allergy syndrome. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis of S. kali profilin highlighted a polymorphic pattern, with several isoforms that have different molecular features (isoelectric point and molecular mass) and immunological features. Two isoforms have been cloned and sequenced. Sal k 4.02 and Sal k 4.03 displayed non‐conservative amino acid changes in critical positions of the IgE epitopes. Both isoforms were produced in Escherichia coli and structurally and spectroscopically characterized. Changes in the electrophoretic mobility and in their IgG and IgE immunological behavior were observed in comparison with Che a 2, their counterpart from C. album. The IgE‐binding ability of Sal k 4.03 is similar to that of Che a 2, whereas Sal k 4.02 showed a 35% reduction in IgE binding in 86% of patients, suggesting a hypoallergenic character. Three‐dimensional modeling allowed us to propose which amino acid residues are involved in those immunological changes based on epitope mapping studies previously performed in other profilins. These profilin isoforms constitute suitable candidates for specific immunotherapy with recombinant allergens.
Therapeutic writing and chronic pain: experiences of therapeutic writing in a cognitive behavioural programme for people with chronic pain
Authors: Furnes Bodil , Dysvik Elin 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  To examine the experiences of therapeutic writing from the perspectives of patients attending a chronic pain management programme.Background.  Pain is a multifaceted experience. Increased awareness, understanding and gaining new insights are essential aspects of dealing with chronic pain. It is crucial to find powerful ways to cope with chronic pain. Several studies point to writing as a tool for managing such demanding life experiences. Therapeutic writing in a cognitive behavioural approach may be used to facilitate the rehabilitation process.Design.  A qualitative study with a descriptive and explorative design including a phenomenological perspective was used.Methods.  A consecutive sample of 34 outpatients with chronic pain was recruited to an eight‐week group‐based pain management programme. A therapeutic writing tool was developed and included as part of the homework tasks. Guidelines were used to initiate and guide the therapeutic writing activity. Written reports were collected after completion.Results.  Three thematic findings emerged from the analysis: ‘increased understanding of chronic pain as a multifaceted experience’, ‘new insights into managing the chronic pain situation’ and ‘different performances lead to different experiences with therapeutic writing’.Conclusions.  Increased awareness, understanding and new insights are essential to dealing with chronic pain. People with chronic pain need tools and skills for optimal adaptation. Our findings suggest therapeutic writing may strengthen cognitive behavioural therapy by facilitating cognitive restructuring processes.Relevance to clinical practice.  Therapeutic writing may be used as a tool to express individual experiences and to improve adaptation to chronic pain.
Psychometric validation of Emotional Reaction Instrument‐English to measure American children’s emotional responses to hospitalisation
Authors: Kim Jin‐Sun , Park Jeong‐hwan , Foster Roxie L , Tavakoli Abbas 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives. The aim of this study was to test the initial psychometric properties of the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English with hospitalised American children, ages 7–12 years, in the USA.Background. Children’s negative emotional responses have been a subject of concern for paediatric clinicians and researchers, especially because negative emotional responses following or during hospitalisation are associated with adverse patient outcomes. Existing self‐report paediatric instruments have a number of limitations including lack of clinical feasibility and psychometric evidence.Design. A survey and psychometric approach was used to test initial reliability and validity of the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English.Methods. Two hundred hospitalised American children, 7–12 years of age, who were admitted to a Children’s Hospital in the USA were recruited for this study. The children were administered the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English, the Facial Affective Scale, and a demographic form.Results. Internal consistency was supported by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0·83 for the total scale. Alpha coefficients for subscales ranged from 0·59–0·82. Construct validity was tested with exploratory factor analysis. Through principal component analysis, four factors were identified that explained 64% of the variance. Concurrent validity was supported by most items in the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English being significantly correlated with the Facial Affective Scale (r = 0·18–0·59). The instrument can be administered to hospitalised children in 5–10 minutes.Conclusions. The results of this exploratory study provide initial support for the psychometric adequacy of the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English with hospitalised American children ages 7–12 years. Further testing of the Emotional Reactions Instrument‐English is required to validate the subscales and evaluate the instrument’s use with children of different ages, race and ethnicity.Relevance to clinical practice. This study introduces a new, clinically feasible instrument to measure children’s diverse emotional responses to hospitalisation.
The investigation of early warning signs of aggression in forensic patients by means of the ‘Forensic Early Signs of Aggression Inventory’
Authors: Fluttert Frans AJ , Van Meijel Berno , Bjørkly Stål , Van Leeuwen Mirjam , Grypdonck Mieke 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesThe Forensic Early Warning Signs of Aggression Inventory (FESAI) was developed to assist nurses and patients in identifying early warning signs and constructing individual early detection plans (EDP) for the prevention of aggressive incidents. The aims of this research were as follows: First, to study the prevalence of early warning signs of aggression, measured with the FESAI, in a sample of forensic patients, and second, to explore whether there are any types of warning signs typical of diagnostic subgroups or offender subgroups.BackgroundReconstructing patients' changes in behaviour prior to aggressive incidents may contribute to identify early warning signs specific to the individual patient. The EDP comprises an early intervention strategy suggested by the patient and approved by the nurses. Implementation of EDP may enhance efficient risk assessment and management.DesignAn explorative design was used to review existing records and to monitor frequencies of early warning signs.MethodsEarly detection plans of 171 patients from two forensic hospital wards were examined. Frequency distributions were estimated by recording the early warning signs on the FESAI. Rank order correlation analyses were conducted to compare diagnostic subgroups and offender subgroups concerning types and frequencies of warning signs.ResultsThe FESAI categories with the highest frequency rank were the following: (1) anger, (2) social withdrawal, (3) superficial contact and (4) non‐aggressive antisocial behaviour. There were no significant differences between subgroups of patients concerning the ranks of the four categories of early warning signs.ConclusionThe results suggest that the FESAI covers very well the wide variety of occurred warning signs reported in the EDPs. No group profiles of warning signs were found to be specific to diagnosis or offence type.Relevance to clinical practiceApplying the FESAI to develop individual EDPs appears to be a promising approach to enhance risk assessment and management.
Geochemical diagenetic trends during phosphorite formation – economic implications: The case of the Negev Campanian phosphorites, Southern Israel
Authors: SOUDRY DAVID , NATHAN YAACOV , EHRLICH SARAH 
Published: October 2012

AbstractResearch on the Upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Negev phosphorites (Mishash Formation), based on microprobe analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, wet chemistry, microtextural (Scanning Electron Microscopy) studies and mineralogical analyses, together with quantified rates of sedimentation and P accumulation, enables the chemistry of these rocks to be better constrained across the Negev area and allows their suitability for the manufacture of P fertilizers to be better determined. Two phosphorite facies are differentiated: (i) a pristine phosphorite facies of low P content, more typical of basinal sections and (ii) a reworked, granular phosphorite facies commonly enriched in P, found predominantly near palaeo‐highs and forming most of the economic phosphates. The distribution of F/P2O5, CO2/F, U(IV), Cd, Zn and other trace metals (Mo, Ni, Cr, Cu, V and Y), rare‐earth elements concentration, Ce and Eu anomalies and heavy rare earth elements enrichment, are controlled by these two facies. F/P2O5 in carbonate‐fluorapatite is much lower (0·090 to 0·107) in the pristine than in the reworked facies (0·107 to 0·120); in addition, the lower F/P2O5 in the pristine facies is coupled with: (i) higher Cd, Zn, Mo, Ni, Cr, Cu and V concentrations; (ii) a considerably reduced (< 10%) U(IV) fraction of total U; (iii) lower rare earth elements/P2O5 and Y/P2O5 ratios; (iv) less negative Ce and Eu anomalies and lower heavy rare earth elements (Lu/La) enrichment; (v) an increase in Fe‐rich smectites in the clay fraction; and (vi) presence of OH in the carbonate‐fluorapatite structure. Sedimentary reworking of previously formed pristine phosphate, together with its redeposition near structural highs in more oxic bottom conditions, results in considerable diagenetic changes in the chemistry of the phosphorites, making them more suitable for economic exploitation. The results presented here provide geochemical criteria for identifying pristine phosphate in other phosphorite sequences and may help to better locate phosphate strata chemically suitable for the phosphate industry elsewhere.
Impact of different dimethyl sulphoxide concentrations on cell recovery, viability and clonogenic potential of cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Smagur A. , Mitrus I. , Giebel S. , Sadus‐Wojciechowska M. , Najda J. , Kruzel T. , Czerw T. , Gliwinska J. , Prokop M. , Glowala‐Kosinska M. , Chwieduk A. , Holowiecki J. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Objectives  The procedure of autologous hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation requires cryopreservation. Addition of DMSO is necessary to secure the viability of such cells, but this solvent is potentially toxic to stem cells’ recipient. 10% DMSO solution is used by the majority of transplant centres. The aim of our study was to test if DMSO concentration might be reduced without negative impact on cell recovery and clonogenicity.Materials and Methods  Samples were prospectively collected from 20 patients. Small volumes of leukapheresis products were frozen with different cryoprotective mixtures, containing 10%, 7·5%, 5% and 2·5% DMSO, respectively. The quality of cryoprotective mixtures was evaluated based on recovery, viability and clonogenic potential of hematopoietic stem cells after defreezing.Results  Reduction in DMSO concentration to 7·5% or lower was associated with decreased recovery of nucleated cells. In contrast, the number of colonies was highest for 7·5% DMSO with significant differences when compared to 10% DMSO solution.Conclusion  Reduction in DMSO concentration from 10% to 7·5% may have favourable impact on hematopoietic recovery after autologous transplantation. The findings require confirmation in a clinical setting.
Seasonal growth patterns of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) in a glacially‐influenced subarctic estuary
Authors: Spurkland Tania , Iken Katrin 
Published: October 2012

SummaryGlobal climate warming is exacerbating the melting of glaciers in Arctic and subarctic nearshore regions. Glacial discharge causes increases in sedimentation, abrasion of organisms, and sand/silt cover along with lowered light intensity, salinity, nitrate and hard substrate cover. These effects can have deleterious consequences on foundation species, such as the kelps that provide important habitat structure and support tightly‐linked food webs. The purpose of this study was to determine if the kelp, Saccharina latissima, from a glacially‐influenced and an oceanic shore in a subarctic Alaskan estuary exhibits differing seasonal growth patterns in response to its environment. Reciprocal in situ shore transplant studies examined seasonal patterns in growth, physiological competence (as maximum quantum yield), morphology and storage product levels (mannitol) of S. latissima. In situ growth was seasonally different at the two shore locations, with a shorter growing season at the glacially‐influenced shore. During the glacial melt season, the thalli at the two shore locations were morphologically distinct. Mannitol levels were typically higher in thalli from the oceanic site, with generally low mannitol levels at the end and the beginning of the growing season on both shores. Maximum quantum yield was consistently high (≥0.7) at both shore sites and did not vary seasonally. Growth rates of glacially‐influenced transplants to the oceanic shore suggest that the glacially‐influenced population has a different seasonal growth pattern from that of the oceanic shore site, which seems to be genetically fixed or based on differences in gene expression. It appears that S. latissima is a highly resilient species, partly due to high phenotypic plasticity, which may have led to genetic fixation under persistent glacial conditions.
Diabetes mellitus and the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer: a meta‐analysis of 24 cohort studies
Authors: Luo W. , Cao Y. , Liao C. , Gao F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAim  The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) were quantified in persons with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).Method  Medline and Embase were searched for articles published before July 2010. Cohort studies that evaluated incidence and mortality of DM and CRC were included. The initial search identified 1887 titles, of which 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. We defined the relative risk (RR) as the metric of choice; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random‐effects model.Results  There was an increase in the RR of developing CRC in persons with DM compared with those without DM (RR 1.28; 95% CI 1.19–1.39), without heterogeneity between studies (Pheterogeneity = 0.13). The association between duration of DM and CRC incidence was stronger in the 11–15‐year group (RR 1.51; 95% CI 1.12–2.03) than in the <10‐year group (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.90–1.22) and the >15‐year group (RR 1.25; 95% CI 0.80–1.94), and there was significant heterogeneity among subgroups (Pheterogeneity = 0.01). In studies reporting standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), there was an increased incidence of CRC with DM (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.14–1.42; Pheterogeneity = 0.09), and the association was stronger among men (RR 1.47; 95% CI 1.15–1.86) than women (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.00–1.17); there was significant heterogeneity among gender (Pheterogeneity = 0.01).Conclusion  This meta‐analysis suggests that individuals with DM have a significant increase in risk of developing CRC.
Treatment outcome and its predictors among Asian problem drinkers
Authors: Manning Victoria , Gomez Brenda , Koh Puay Kee , Ng Andrew , Guo Song , Kandasami Gomathinayagam , Wong Kim Eng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsEvidence of treatment effectiveness for alcohol use disorders (AUD) have emerged predominantly from Western studies, using highly controlled trials that may not reflect real‐world settings. This paper examines treatment outcome and its predictors among Asian problem drinkers participating in a treatment outcome monitoring program at an addiction treatment centre in Singapore.Design and MethodsData were collected at intake and 3, 6 and 12 months, although the focus of this paper is on reliable change at 3 months among the 70% who were followed up. Five hundred and forty‐one AUD‐diagnosed outpatients presenting for treatment, over a 2‐year period, were assessed on drinking behaviours and administered the Addiction Severity Index‐Lite, Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire.ResultsAt 3 months, drinking days, alcohol units and alcohol use severity had more than halved and 69% were either abstinent or had reliably reduced their drinking days. Baseline drinking days and treatment satisfaction predicted 3‐month drinking frequency but not severity. Positive alcohol outcomes observed at 3 months were sustained among those followed up until 12 months. Mean PWI score improved significantly and fell within the ‘normal’ range. Treatment satisfaction also emerged as the only significant predictor of reliable positive change in both drinking days and PWI score.Discussion and ConclusionsSignificant reductions in drinking frequency and severity are possible for Asian problem drinkers after 12 weeks of outpatient treatment. The identified predictors suggest that more frequent drinkers and patients with past/current psychiatric comorbidities may require a more intensive treatment approach to optimise treatment outcomes.