bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Interface‐Performance Relationships in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction through Mixed‐Dimensional Assembly of Nanocrystal‐on‐Nanowire Superstructures
Authors: Chen Hushui , Xiao Taishi , Xia Yan , Song Hengyao , Xi Xiangyun , Huang Xianwu , Yang Dong , Li Tongtao , Sun Zhengzong , Dong Angang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFine‐tuning the interfacial sites within heterogeneous catalysts is pivotal for unravelling the intricate structure–property relationship and optimizing their catalytic performance. Herein, a simple and versatile mixed‐dimensional assembly approach is proposed to create nanocrystal‐on‐nanowire superstructures with precisely adjustable numbers of biphasic interfaces. This method leverages an efficient self‐assembly process in which colloidal nanocrystals spontaneously organize onto Ag nanowires, driven by the solvophobic effect. Importantly, varying the ratio of the two components during assembly allows for accurate control over both the quantity and contact perimeter of biphasic interfaces. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a series of Au‐on‐Ag superstructures with varying numbers of Au/Ag interfaces are constructed and employed as electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Experimental results reveal a logarithmic linear relationship between catalytic activity and the number of Au/Ag interfaces per unit mass of Au‐on‐Ag superstructures. This work presents a straightforward approach for precise interface engineering, paving the way for systematic exploration of interface‐dependent catalytic behaviors in heterogeneous catalysts.
Customized Heteronuclear Dual Single‐Atom and Cluster Assemblies via D‐Band Orchestration for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Jingshuai , Jiang Bin , Yang Liu , Sun Yongli , Li Haojie , Shen Haochen , Dou Haozhen , Xiao Xiaoming , Xu Mi , Zhai Yong , Zhang Congcong , Zhang Luhong , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, integrating with well‐dispersed single atom (SA) and atomic cluster (AC) sites, showcase potential in bolstering catalytic activity. However, the precise structural modulation and in‐depth investigation of their catalytic mechanisms pose ongoing challenges. Herein, a proactive cluster lockdown strategy is introduced, relying on the confinement of trinuclear clusters with metal atom exchange in the covalent organic polymers, enabling the targeted synthesis of a series of multicomponent ensembles featuring FeCo (Fe or Co) dual‐single‐atom (DSA) and atomic cluster (AC) configurations (FeCo‐DSA/AC) via thermal pyrolysis. The designed FeCo‐DSA/AC surpasses Fe‐ and Co‐derived counterparts by 18 mV and 49 mV in ORR half‐wave potential, whilst exhibiting exemplary performance in Zn‐air batteries. Comprehensive analysis and theoretical simulation elucidate the enhanced activity stems from adeptly orchestrating dz2‐dxz and O 2p orbital hybridization proximate to the Fermi level, fine‐tuning the antibonding states to expedite OH* desorption and OOH* formation, thereby augmenting catalytic activity. This work elucidates the synergistic potentiation of active sites in hybrid electrocatalysts, pioneering innovative targeted design strategies for single‐atom‐cluster electrocatalysts.
Availability of π–Cation Radical in the Oxidative Products of Oxidovanadium Porphyrin: Significance for DNA Binding and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Muzaddadi Ijaz Ullah , Murugan Arumugam , Saha Shankhadeep , Raman Natarajan , Selvaraj Freeda Selva Sheela , Manohar Arumugam , Kulandaisamy Antonysamy , Kumar Pradeep , Borah Rituraj , Shellaiah Muthaiah , Ravikumar C. R. , Hussain Mohammad Farid 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTOxidovanadium meso‐tetrakis(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin [VO(T(OMe)3PP)] (Complex 1) was prepared. The oxidation product of Complex 1 has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–visible spectrophotometer, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by the addition of SbCl5 to Complex 1. There is a one‐electron oxidation product in Complex 1 that creates π–cation radicals in CV data. This is supported by an IR spectrophotometer. Subsequent EPR spectra verified the initiation of the π–cation monoradical, which subsequently transforms into a triplet state where S = 1. DNA binding and antibacterial analysis with Complex 1 have also been analysed. In the DNA‐binding analysis, the CV data confirm the interaction between Complex 1 and DNA. Furthermore, the fact that Complex 1 is more effective at killing bacteria shows that the metal ion's chelation with the porphyrin ligand makes it more lipophilic.
Core‐Shell Structured CoP@C Cubes as a Superior Anode for High‐Rate and Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Ren Lingbo , Li Yueying , Hou Zhidong , Wang Jian‐Gan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransition metal phosphides have emerged as a class of promising anode materials of sodium‐ion batteries owing to their excellent sodium storage capacity. However, the limited electronic conductivity and significant volume expansion have impeded their further advancement. In this work, we propose a rational design of cube‐like CoP @C composites with unique core‐shell structure via in situ phosphating and subsequent carbon coating processes. The uniform carbon coating serves as a physical buffering layer that effectively mitigates volume changes during charge/discharge processes, and prevents particle agglomeration and fragmentation, thereby enhancing the structural stability of electrode. Moreover, the nitrogen‐rich carbon layer not only provides additional active sites for sodium ion adsorption but also improves the electrode conductivity and accelerates charge transport dynamics. Consequently, the as‐synthesized CoP@C exhibits a remarkable capacity retention rate of 94.8 % after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and achieves a high reversible capacity of 146.7 mAh g−1 even under a high current density of 4.0 A g−1.
Investigation of transcriptional and immunological disparities among patient groups with varied prognostic risk factors in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Baoluhe , Jin Bao , Wu Xiang'an , Xing Jiali , Liu Xiao , Wan Xueshuai , Xu Haifeng , Xu Yiyao , Mao Yilei , Chen Qian , Bai Yating , Guan Mei , Du Shunda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores molecular features associated with better prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).Methods and ResultsThe transcriptomic and whole‐exome sequencing data obtained from paired tissues of 70 were analyzed, grouping them based on progression‐free survival (PFS), differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis. Among the 70 patients, the TP53 gene mutation frequency was the highest (53%), while FLG gene mutation occurred exclusively in the long PFS group. In the comparison between long and short survival groups, the short PFS group exhibited higher monocyte infiltration levels (p = 0.0287) and upregulation of genes associated with cancer‐related transcriptional misregulation, chemokine signaling, and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interactions. Differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression were significant across differentiation and lymph node metastasis groups. Particularly noteworthy was the marked increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration (p = 0.0291, 0.0459) in the lymph node metastasis group, significantly influences prognosis. Additionally, genes related to platinum resistance, Th17 cell differentiation, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways were overexpressed in this group. In summary, higher monocyte infiltration levels in the short PFS group, along with elevated expression of genes associated with cancer‐related pathways, suggest a poorer prognosis. The significant increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration reflects an enhanced anti‐tumor immune response, underscoring the relevance of immune infiltration levels and gene expression in predicting outcomes for CCA patients.ConclusionsIn this study, we elucidated the pertinent molecular mechanisms and pathways that influence the prognosis of CCAs through comprehensive multi‐omics analysis.
N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene‐regulated Metal‐oxide Facilitates the Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Cao Hui‐Hui , He Zhen‐Hong , Guo Pan‐Pan , Tian Yue , Wang Xin , Wang Kuan , Wang Weitao , Wang Huan , Yang Yang , Liu Zhao‐Tie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ER) provides a promising pathway for scaling up the conversion of CO2 to CO using renewable electricity, thereby providing an alternative potential pathway to carbon neutrality. Typically, the reaction conducted in aqueous media is an ideal way on the standpoint of sustainability. However, the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is feasible to occur on catalyst surface together with CO2ER, thereby reducing the overall CO2‐to‐CO efficiency. In this work, we utilized the stacked structure of N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene material supported metal oxide (ZnO) to form a ZnO/N‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst in electrolytic CO2 reduction to CO. The catalyst exhibited an Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 96.4 % in CO2ER at −0.967 V (vs. RHE) with a current density of 7.2 mA cm−2. ZnO acted as the active site for CO2ER in ZnO/N‐Ti3C2Tx, while N‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene was responsible for enhancing textural properties and electrical conductivity, which could promote the mass transfer of gas molecules and electron transfer to ZnO active sites, and further improving the activity. This work inspires the rational design of unique metal oxide/N‐Ti3C2Tx interfaces to regulate the high‐performance electrocatalytic selectivity of CO2 reduction.
Modeling of Dual‐Factor Drag Correction Model for Bubbly Flow under Elevated Pressure
Authors: Gao Yibo , Geng Linlin , Verdin Patrick G. , Fall Ibra , Zhang Ruijie , Tian Zhongjie , Zhang Desheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA pressure correction method is proposed considering the influence of a dual factor. The applicability of a pressure correction method coupled with a drag model is discussed along with the accuracy of the simulation results obtained by such a pressure correction method. It is found that the present pressure correction method combined with the DBS (dual bubble size) drag model can accurately reflect the changing trend of gas holdup distribution with pressure. It is also established that results from this model applied to a bubble column match well with the experimental data. Finally, when compared with other pressure correction models, the proposed model shows better robustness in three‐dimensional simulations and can predict radial gas holdup distributions with better accuracy.
“Plastic recycling in a cotton candy machine” – a maker project for science education
Authors: Amel Henning , Kahmen Noah , Hager Sascha , Pauly Niklas , Koch Friedrich , Danke Kilian , Glasauer Ranya , Bergmann Ronja , Hobeck Lukas , Röser Markus , Beeken Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrotz engagierter politischer Initiativen sowie Forderungen und Förderungen für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft steigt das jährlich produzierte Volumen an Kunststoffen, während der Anteil im Kreislauf gehaltener Kunststoffe dem Wachstum nur bedingt gerecht wird. Im Rahmen einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung ist die Auseinandersetzung mit Kunststoffen und deren Recycling insbesondere in jungen Teilen der Bevölkerung essentiell, um die Relevanz einer zukunftsweisenden Circular Economy nachvollziehen und weitertragen zu können. Im naturwissenschaftlichen Regelunterricht jedoch werden Recyclingprozesse mitunter aufgrund ihrer Komplexität nur oberflächlich integriert. Im Rahmen des Make@thons „Nachhaltige Textilien“ entwickelte eine Schüler:innengruppe mit dem Kunststoffrecycling in der Zuckerwattemaschine eine niedrigschwellige und kostengünstige Möglichkeit zur Integration dieser Recyclingprozesse in den Unterricht.
Influence of Different Application Modes of a Universal Adhesive System on the Bond Strength of Bulk‐Fill Composite Resin to Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth
Authors: Nozari Ali , Pakniyat Jahromi Maryam , Haji Abbas Oghli Farnaz , Jowkar Zahra , Hamidi Seyed Ahmadreza 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess how the application mode of a universal adhesive system affects the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of bulk‐fill and conventional composite resins to enamel and dentin in primary teeth.MethodsA total of 80 caries‐free primary second molars were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10) based on the bonding substrate (enamel or dentin), the application mode of the universal adhesive system (etch and rinse [E&R], or self‐etch [SE]), and the type of composite resin used (bulk‐fill or conventional). After bonding the composite resin to enamel or dentin, the μSBS of the bonded composite resins was measured.ResultsThe mean μSBS value of bulk‐fill composite resin was significantly higher than that of conventional composite resin for both enamel and dentin substrates, regardless of the application mode (p < 0.001). An interaction effect between the bonding substrate and the application mode of the adhesive system was observed, indicating a significant relationship (p < 0.001). The highest μSBS values for primary teeth enamel were achieved using the E&R mode with bulk‐fill composite resin, while for dentin specimens, the SE mode with bulk‐fill composite resin yielded the highest μSBS values. The μSBS of the E&R group was significantly higher than that of the SE group for enamel specimens (p < 0.001), whereas the μSBS of the SE group was significantly higher than that of the E&R group for dentin specimens (p < 0.001).ConclusionBulk‐fill composite resin demonstrated higher μSBS in comparison to conventional composite resin. The universal adhesive system exhibited superior performance in the SE mode compared to the E&R mode on primary dentin. Pre‐etching the enamel before the application of the universal adhesive enhanced the μSBS to primary teeth enamel, highlighting the importance of selectively acid etching the enamel of primary teeth.
Environmental policy and stakeholder engagement: Incident‐based, cross‐country analysis of firm‐level greenwashing practices
Authors: Keresztúri Judit Lilla , Berlinger Edina , Lublóy Ágnes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate how internal and external monitoring systems can help combat greenwashing. We propose a novel, incident‐based measure to investigate the greenwashing behavior of 1218 large and mid‐cap companies across different industries between 2008 and 2020. These companies are constituents of the MSCI World Index, covering 23 developed market economies. We consider a company to be engaged in greenwashing if it improves its environmental ESG subscore while simultaneously being responsible for severe environmental damage. According to our greenwashing indicator, about 7% of the companies were involved in greenwashing at least once during the 13‐year sample period. The proportion of greenwashing companies is highest in the energy, utilities, and materials industries. We find evidence that both internal and external monitoring mechanisms can be effective in deterring companies from adopting greenwashing strategies. Firms with more independent board members, attracting more attention from the investors, and headquartered in countries where the population is more environmentally aware are significantly less likely to engage in greenwashing. The awareness of the population is a key factor especially in the energy, utility, and material sectors.
Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Polymorphs by Sacrificial Template Method: Correlation between Physicochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Medina‐Llamas María , Bianchi Eleonora , Mozzati Maria Cristina , Tedesco Costanza , Milanese Chiara , Speltini Andrea , Profumo Antonella , Armenise Vincenza , Milella Antonella , Listorti Andrea , Malavasi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon nitride compounds (CNCs) in the form of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and poly(heptazine imide) were synthesized using different metal chloride salts (MClx), i. e., NaCl, KCl and CaCl2, as sacrificial templates and by varying the MClx to melamine molar ratios. A systematic study of their photocatalytic activity for H2 production in relation to the physicochemical, morphological, and optical properties was carried out. Each sample was tested achieving the highest hydrogen evolution rates of about 7660 μmol g−1 h−1, 5380 μmol g−1 h−1 and 3140 μmol g−1 h−1 using CaCl2, KCl, and NaCl, respectively. This work demonstrates how the synthesis of CNCs with different MClx leads to the production of high‐performance photocatalysts due to a combination of factors as the formation of vacancies or cyano groups, a shift in the optical threshold and tuning of micro(nano)structure. The results demonstrate that, when CaCl2 is used as a sacrificial template, porous and exfoliated g‐C3N4 nanosheets are formed leading to hydrogen productions which outperform most of the previously reported g‐C3N4 prepared using a single synthetic step.
Copper‐Catalysed Synthesis of (E)‐Allylic Organophosphorus Derivatives: A Low Toxic, Mild, Economical, and Ligand‐Free Method
Authors: Pagès Lucas , Kurpik Gracjan , Mollfulleda Rosa , Abdine Racha Abed Ali , Walczak Anna , Monnier Florian , Swart Marcel , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Taillefer Marc 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds are fundamental for the chemical industry due to their broad applications across multiple sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Despite their high importance, the sustainable and cost‐effective synthesis of organophoshoryl derivatives remains very challenging. Here, we report the first successful regio‐ and stereoselective hydrophosphorylation of terminal allenamides using an affordable copper catalyst system. This reaction offers an efficient protocol for the synthesis of (E)‐allylic organophosphorus derivatives from various types of P‐nucleophiles, such as H‐phosphonates, H‐phosphinates, and secondary phosphine oxides. Key advantages of this ligand‐free and atom‐economic strategy include low toxicity of the Cu‐based catalyst, cost effectiveness, mild reaction conditions, and experimental simplicity, making it competitive with methods that use toxic and expensive Pd‐based catalysts. In an effort to comprehend this process, we conducted extensive DFT calculations on this system to uncover the mechanistic insights of this process.
Agomelatine Is Unable to Attenuate Kainic Acid–Induced Deficits in Early Life Communicative Behavior
Authors: Binder Matthew S. , Pranske Zachary J. , Hodges Samantha L. , Womble Paige D. , Kwok Eliesse M. , Quintero Saul I. , Kim Andrew D. , Narvaiz David A. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTEarly life seizures are associated with a variety of behavioral comorbidities. Among the most prevalent of these are deficits in communication. Auditory communicative behaviors in mice, known as ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), can be used to assess potential treatments. Agomelatine is a melatonin agonist that effectively reduces behavioral comorbidities of seizures in adults; however, its ability to attenuate seizure‐induced communicative deficits in neonates is unknown. To address this, we administered C57 mice either saline or kainic acid (KA) on postnatal day (PD) 10. The mice then received either agomelatine or saline 1‐h post‐status epilepticus. On PD 11, we assessed the quantity of USVs produced, the duration, peak frequency, fundamental frequency, and amplitude of the vocalizations, as well as the call type utilization. We found that KA increased vocal production and reduced USV variability relative to controls. KA also increased USV duration and amplitude and significantly altered the types of calls produced. Agomelatine did not attenuate any of the deficits. Our study is the first to assess agomelatine's efficacy to correct USVs and thus provides an important point of context to the literature, indicating that despite its high therapeutic efficacy to attenuate other behavioral comorbidities of seizures, agomelatine's ability to correct neonatal communicative deficits is limited.
Hospital Admissions for Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Spain: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Vázquez‐Giraldo Pilar , Muñoz‐Sanjosé Ainoa , López‐Cuadrado Teresa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveLimited evidence exists regarding the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the onset and trajectory of eating disorders (EDs) among young in Spain. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and recent trends in hospital admissions for EDs within the pediatric population.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on hospital admissions for EDs among patients aged 10–19 years between 2016 and 2022. The main outcomes examined included hospital rates (overall, stratified by ED type and age group), psychiatric comorbidities, and length of stay.ResultsA total of 8275 hospitalizations due to EDs were identified, constituting 1 in 6 hospital admissions for mental illness and behavioral disorders. Predominant characteristics of this population included female sex (93%), aged 15–19 years (58.3%), admission primarily for anorexia nervosa (71.6%), and psychiatric comorbidity (35.6%). Hospital admissions for EDs in the pediatric population showed an increasing trend, with an annual average increase of 11.1% (95% CI: 2.6, 22.6). This rise was led by children aged 10–14 years, with a yearly increase in EDs hospitalization rates of 28.4% (95% CI: 13.5, 56.3) since 2019. Each discharge related to EDs was associated with a median stay of 24 days (IQR: 10, 40).DiscussionEfforts in community healthcare should prioritize early detection and intervention for symptoms indicative of EDs in the pediatric population, aiming to mitigate the severity of cases requiring hospitalization. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted health planning policies to address the growing burden of EDs among Spanish youth.
Nutritional and phytochemicals analysis of high‐altitude common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of Nepal
Authors: Neupane Binod S. , Olee Dinesh , Shrestha Deepa S. , Kharel Ganga P. , Koirala Niranjan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an important legume grown in all parts of Nepal to supply dietary protein for humans and livestock. They are rich in a variety of bioactive compounds and thus possess health‐promoting effects in the prevention of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. The present study examined the nutritional and proximate composition and screened the bioactive compounds present in beans grown in the high‐altitude regions of Nepal. The analysis of 18 beans indicated the moisture (6.48%–8.83%), crude protein (17.39%–23.54%), carbohydrate (58.74%–66.37%), crude fat (0.78%–1.58%), crude fiber (3.36%–4.75%), total ash (3.33%–4.69%), and total energy (340.24–350.16 kcal/100 g). The results showed that the common beans were also good sources of nutritionally important minerals, including copper (2.72–8.77 mg/kg), calcium (843.86–2763.62 mg/kg), iron (38.93–73.69 mg/kg), magnesium (1540.63–2083.52 mg/kg), sodium (205.91–695.81 mg/kg), potassium (13,560.21–16,957.05 mg/kg), and zinc (19.80–31.00 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. Quantification of bioactive compounds revealed the highest concentration of total phenolic content (TPC) in the beans from Jumla (5.96 mg GAE/g) than Dolakha and Darchula. However, the total flavonoid content was higher in Dolakha beans (3.47 mgQE/g). The EP‐15‐03FB landrace from Jumla was superior in terms of protein, phytochemical, and TPC. The results of this study will provide valuable information on the nutritional and phytochemical contents of beans and serve as a basis for further utilization of common beans.