bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Discrimination by Ionic Liquids: Impact of Ionic Solutes
Authors: Brown Christopher J. , Hopkins Todd A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChiral ionic liquids hold promise in many asymmetric applications. This study explores the impact of ionic solutes on the chiral discrimination of five amino acid methyl ester‐based ionic liquids, including L‐ and D‐alanine methyl ester, L‐proline methyl ester, L‐leucine methyl ester, and L‐valine methyl ester cations combined with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) anion. Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy was used to study the chiral discrimination by measuring the racemization equilibrium of a dissymmetric europium complex, Eu(dpa)33− (where dpa = 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate). The chiral discrimination measured was dependent on the concentration of Eu(dpa)33− and this concentration‐dependence was different in each of the ionic liquids. Ionic liquids with L‐leucine methyl ester and L‐valine methyl ester even switched enantiomeric preference based on the solute concentration. Changing the cation of the Eu(dpa)33− salt from tetrabutylammonium to tetramethylammonium ion also affected the chiral discrimination demonstrated by the ionic liquids. Chirality 27:320–325, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Modeling of Surface Confined Chiral Nanoporous Networks: Cruciform Molecules as Versatile Building Blocks
Authors: Kasperski Adam , Szabelski Paweł 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPatterning of solid surfaces with functional organic molecules has been a convenient route to fabricate two‐dimensional materials with programmed architecture and activities. One example is the chiral nanoporous networks that can be created via controlled self‐assembly of star‐shaped molecules under 2D confinement. In this contribution we use computer modeling to predict the formation of molecular networks in adsorbed overlayers comprising cruciform molecular building blocks equipped with discrete interaction centers. To that end, we employ the Monte Carlo simulation method combined with a coarse‐grained representation of the adsorbed molecules which are treated as collections of interconnected segments. The interaction centers within the molecules are represented by active segments whose number and distribution are adjusted. Our particular focus is on those distributions that produce prochiral molecules able to occur in adsorbed configurations being mirror images of each other (surface enantiomers). We demonstrate that, depending on size, aspect ratio, and intramolecular distribution of active sites, the surface enantiomers can co‐crystallize or segregate into extended homochiral domains with largely diversified nanosized cavities. The insights from our theoretical studies can be helpful in designing 2D chiral porous networks with potential applications in enantioselective adsorption and asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis. Chirality 27:397–404, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalysis of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Composite Semiconductors
Authors: Li Huiquan , Liu Yuxing , Gao Xing , Fu Cong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe semiconductor heterojunction has been an effective architecture to enhance photocatalytic activity by promoting photogenerated charge separation. Here, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) and B‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (CNB) composite semiconductors were fabricated by a facile calcination process using cheap, sustainable, and easily available sodium tetraphenylboron and urea as precursors. The synthetic CN‐CNB‐25 semiconductor with a suitable CNB content showed the highest visible‐light activity. Its degradation ratio for methyl orange and phenol was more than twice that of CN and CNB and its H2 evolution rate was ∼3.4 and ∼1.8 times higher than that of CN and CNB, respectively. It also displayed excellent stability and reusability. The enhanced activity of CN‐CNB‐25 was attributed predominantly to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. This paper describes a visible‐light‐responsive CN composite semiconductor with great potential in environmental and energy applications.
Postcombustion CO2 capture using N‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine‐grafted solid adsorbent
Authors: Mittal Nikhil , Samanta Arunkumar , Sarkar Partha , Gupta Rajender 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this work, the performance of N‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (DAEAPTS)‐grafted mesoporous SBA‐15 adsorbent for postcombustion carbon capture was studied. Wet grafting technique was adopted to functionalize SBA‐15 surface. The adsorption of CO2 on the amine‐grafted sorbent was measured by the thermogravimetric method over a CO2 partial pressure range of 0–90 kPa and a temperature range of 25–105°C under atmospheric pressure. The optimal amine loaded SBA‐15 adsorbent containing 40 wt% DAEAPTS exhibited capture capacity up to 2.3 mmol/g under simulated gas conditions (88.2% CO2/N2) at 75°C. The CO2 adsorption–desorption kinetics of the grafted sorbents were found to be sufficiently fast in both dry and humid CO2 streams and it was observed that the grafted adsorbent achieved 75% of the total capacity in 5 min of adsorption time in dry 8.8% CO2/N2 and in less than 3.5 min in humid 8.8% CO2/N2. It was also observed that 95% of the total desorption occurred in less than 7 min at 150°C under pure N2. The grafted sorbents showed good reversibility and multicycle stability and the drop in capacity after 100 cycles in dry and humid 8.8% CO2/N2 streams was around 7.09% and 11.65%, respectively.
A high‐resolution hybrid scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Xiaoshuai Wu , Yuxin Zhao 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA new hybrid scheme is proposed, which combines the improved third‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme presented in this paper with a fourth‐order central scheme by a novel switch. Two major steps have been gone through for the construction of a high‐performance and stable hybrid scheme. Firstly, to enhance the WENO part of the hybrid scheme, a new reference smoothness indicator has been devised, which, combined with the nonlinear weighting procedure of WENO‐Z, can drive the third‐order WENO toward the optimal linear scheme faster. Secondly, to improve the hybridization with the central scheme, a hyperbolic tangent hybridization switch and its efficient polynomial counterpart are devised, with which we are able to fix the threshold value introduced by the hybridization. The new hybrid scheme is thus formulated, and a set of benchmark problems have been tested to verify the performance enhancement. Numerical results demonstrate that the new hybrid scheme achieves excellent performance in resolving complex flow features, even compared with the fifth‐order classical WENO scheme and WENO‐Z scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective study of positron emission tomography for evaluation of neck node response 6 weeks after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sjövall Johanna , Wahlberg Peter , Almquist Helen , Kjellén Elisabeth , Brun Eva 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate if a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, 6 weeks after radiotherapy (RT), adequately selects patients in whom a neck node dissection can be omitted. Primary endpoints were isolated neck recurrences and overall survival (OS).MethodsOne hundred five patients, mainly with oropharyngeal human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tumors, with a positive PET scan before treatment, were evaluated regarding the neck response 6 weeks post‐RT. The PET results determined the management of the neck: observation versus neck dissection.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 25 months. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 56% and 94%, respectively. Four isolated neck recurrences occurred. The 2‐year OS rate was 86.3%.ConclusionPET scans performed 6 weeks after RT have a high NPV and can obviate neck dissections but the PPV is insufficient. A later scheduled scan is recommended. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E473–E479, 2016
Toward the measurement of multiple fluorescence lifetimes in flow cytometry: maximizing multi‐harmonic content from cells and microspheres
Authors: Jenkins Patrick , Naivar Mark A. , Houston Jessica P. 
Published: February 2015

Flow cytometry is a powerful means for in vitro cellular analyses where multi‐fluorescence and multi‐angle light scattering can indicate unique biochemical or morphological features of single cells. Yet, to date, flow cytometry systems have lacked the ability to capture complex fluorescence dynamics due to the transient nature of flowing cells. In this contribution we introduce a simple approach for measuring multiple fluorescence lifetimes from a single cytometric event. We leverage square wave modulation, Fourier analysis, and high frequency digitization and show the ability to resolve more than one fluorescence lifetime from fluorescently‐labelled cells and microspheres.
Illustration of a flow cytometer capable of capturing multiple fluorescence lifetime measurements; creating potential for multi‐parametric, time‐resolved signals to be captured for every color channel.magnified imageIllustration of a flow cytometer capable of capturing multiple fluorescence lifetime measurements; creating potential for multi‐parametric, time‐resolved signals to be captured for every color channel.
Detecting concentrations of milk components by an iterative optical technique
Authors: Yariv Inbar , Kapp‐Barnea Yaara , Genzel Eran , Duadi Hamootal , Fixler Dror 
Published: February 2015

This paper introduces a theoretical and practical model for reconstructing the scattering properties of a participating media. Our theory is based on a robust generalization of the Gerchberg–Saxton (G–S) algorithm. At the end of this algorithm the reduced scattering coefficient μ′s of a given substance, can be estimated from the standard deviation (STD) of the retrieved phase of the remitted light. We use the theory to compute the phase's STD that directly correlated to the optical properties for different types of milk components, and we derive a novel appearance model for milk parameterized by the lactose and protein contents. Our results show that we are able to detect the possibility of lactose and milk proteins' quantitative signature by the G–S optical tool, en route to the design of a novel milk‐content‐monitoring tool.
Sketch of the experimental setup for light intensity measurements and reduced scattering coefficient reconstruction. The samples were prepared from various milk components: whey protein, sodium casienate and lactose, at different concentrations.magnified imageSketch of the experimental setup for light intensity measurements and reduced scattering coefficient reconstruction. The samples were prepared from various milk components: whey protein, sodium casienate and lactose, at different concentrations.
Enhanced engraftment and repairing ability of human adipose‐derived stem cells, conveyed by pharmacologically active microcarriers continuously releasing HGF and IGF‐1, in healing myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Savi Monia , Bocchi Leonardo , Fiumana Emanuela , Karam Jean‐Pierre , Frati Caterina , Bonafé Francesca , Cavalli Stefano , Morselli Paolo G. , Guarnieri Carlo , Caldarera Claudio M. , Muscari Claudio , Montero‐Menei Claudia N. , Stilli Donatella , Quaini Federico , Musso Ezio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne of the main cause of ineffective cell therapy in repairing the damaged heart is the poor yield of grafted cells. To overcome this drawback, rats with 4‐week‐old myocardial infarction (MI) were injected in the border zone with human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) conveyed by poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microcarriers (PAMs) releasing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) (GFsPAMs). According to treatments, animals were subdivided into different groups: MI_ADSC, MI_ADSC/PAM, MI_GFsPAM, MI_ADSC/GFsPAM, and untreated MI_V. Two weeks after injection, a 31% increase in ADSC engraftment was observed in MI_ADSC/PAM compared with MI_ADSC (p < 0.05). A further ADSC retention was obtained in MI_ADSC/GFsPAM with respect to MI_ADSC (106%, p < 0.05) and MI_ADSC/PAM (57%, p < 0.05). A 130% higher density of blood vessels of medium size was present in MI_ADSC/GFsPAM compared with MI_ADSC (p < 0.01). MI_ADSC/GFsPAM also improved, albeit slightly, left ventricular remodeling and hemodynamics with respect to the other groups. Notably, ADSCs and/or PAMs, with or without HGF/IGF‐1, trended to induce arrhythmias in electrically driven, Langendorff‐perfused, hearts of all groups. Thus, PAMs releasing HGF/IGF‐1 markedly increase ADSC engraftment 2 weeks after injection and stimulate healing in chronically infarcted myocardium, but attention should be paid to potentially negative electrophysiological consequences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3012–3025, 2015.
Influence ofMC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast culture on the corrosion of aT6‐treatedAZ91 alloy
Authors: Brooks Emily K. , Tobias Menachem E. , Yang Shuying , Bone Lawrence B. , Ehrensberger Mark T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the corrosion of artificially aged T6 heat‐treated Mg‐9%Al‐1%Zn (AZ91) for biomedical applications. Corrosion tests and surface analysis were completed both with and without a monolayer of mouse preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on the sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) were used to explore the corrosion processes after either 3 or 21 days of AZ91 incubation in cell culture medium (CCM). The EIS showed both the inner layer resistance (Rin) and outer layer resistance (Rout) were lower for samples without cells cultured on the surface at 3 days (Rin = 2.64 e4 Ω/cm2,Rout = 140 Ω/cm2) compared to 21 days (Rin = 3.60 e4 Ω/cm2,Rout = 287 Ω/cm2) due to precipitation of magnesium and calcium phosphates over time. Samples with preosteoblasts cultured on the surface had a slower initial corrosion (3 day,Rin = 1.88 e5 Ω/cm2,Rout = 1060 Ω/cm2) which was observed to increase over time (21 day,Rin = 2.99 e4 Ω/cm2,Rout = 287 Ω/cm2). Changes in the corrosion processes were thought to be related to changes in the coverage provided by the cell layer. Our results reveal that the presence of cells and biological processes are able to significantly influence the corrosion rate of AZ91. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 253–262, 2016.
Sphingomyelin Regulates the Activity of Secretory Phospholipase A2 in the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Wakita Shigeo , Yasufuku Kana , Makiyama Tomohiko , Waraya Misa , Hashimoto Naohiro , Murayama Toshihiko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examined the effect of the cellular sphingolipid level on the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and the activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) using two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)‐K1 cell mutants, LY‐B and LY‐A cells, deficient in sphingolipid synthesis. In LY‐B cells, deficiency of sphingolipids enhanced the release of AA induced by bee venom sPLA2‐III or human sPLA2‐V. These alterations were reversed by replenishment of exogenous sphingomyelin (SM). In LY‐A cells, deficiency of SM increased the release of AA induced by sPLA2. In CHO‐K1 cells, decrease and increase of SM level in the plasma membrane by pharmacological methods increased and inhibited the release of AA, respectively. SM inhibited the activity of sPLA2 in vitro. Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutation of either the NPC1 or NPC2 gene, and is characterized by accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids including SM in late endosomes/lysosomes. Increased levels of AA and sPLA2 activity are involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. In CHO cells lacking NPC1 (A101 cells), SM level was lower in the plasma membrane, while it was higher in late endosomes/lysosomes. The release of AA induced by sPLA2 was increased in A101 cells than that in parental cells (JP17 cells), which was attenuated by adding exogenous SM. In addition, sPLA2‐III‐induced cytotoxicity in A101 cells was much higher than that in JP17 cells. These results suggest that SM in the plasma membrane plays important roles in regulating sPLA2 activity and the enzyme‐induced cytotoxicity in A101 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1898–1907, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Convergent Regulation of Candida albicans Aft2 and Czf1 in Invasive and Opaque Filamentation
Authors: Xu Ning , Dong Yi‐Jie , Yu Qi‐Lin , Zhang Bing , Zhang Meng , Jia Chang , Chen Yu‐Lu , Zhang Biao , Xing Lai‐Jun , Li Ming‐Chun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCandida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of mucosal infections and invasive diseases in immuno‐compromised humans. The abilities of yeast–hyphal growth and white–opaque switching affect C. albicans physiology and virulence. Here, we showed that C. albicans Aft2 regulator was required for embedded filamentous growth and opaque cell‐type formation. Under low‐temperature matrix embedded conditions, Aft2 functioned downstream of Czf1‐mediated pathway and was required for invasive filamentation. Moreover, deletion of AFT2 significantly reduced opaque cell‐type formation under N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) inducing conditions. Ectopic expression of CZF1 slightly increased the white‐opaque switching frequency in the aft2Δ/Δ mutant, but did not completely restore to wild‐type levels, suggesting that Czf1 at least partially bypassed the essential requirement for Aft2 in response to opaque‐inducing cues. In addition, multiple environmental cues altered AFT2 mRNA and protein levels, such as low temperature, physical environment and GlcNAc. Although the absence of Czf1 or Efg1 also increased the expression level of AFT2 gene, deletion of CZF1 remarkably reduced the stability of Aft2 protein. Furthermore, C. albicans Aft2 physically interacted with Czf1 under all tested conditions, whereas the interaction between Aft2 and Efg1 was barely detectable under embedded conditions, supporting the hypothesis that Aft2, together with Czf1, contributed to activate filamentous growth by antagonizing Efg1‐mediated repression under matrix‐embedded conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1908–1918, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of drug clearance in children
Authors: Foissac Frantz , Bouazza Naïm , Valade Elodie , De Sousa Mendes Mailys , Fauchet Floris , Benaboud Sihem , Hirt Déborah , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Urien Saïk 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe pediatric population is often exposed to drugs without sufficient knowledge about pharmacokinetics. The prediction of accurate clearance values in children, especially in neonates and infants, will improve the rational in dosing decisions. Drug clearances from birth to adulthood were compiled after a systematic review of pharmacokinetic reports. The analysis was performed using NONMEM. Clearance predictions were then evaluated by external validation. Prediction errors were also compared with those obtained from weight‐based allometric scaling and physiologically based clearance (PBCL) models. For the analysis, 17 and 15 drugs were used for model building and external validation, respectively. A model based on the adult drug clearance value and taking into account both weight and age was retained. Age‐related maturation of clearance reached 90% of the adult value within 1.5 years of life. For children less than 2 years old, allometric scaling alone systematically overestimated clearances. Accounting for age improved the clearance prediction in the 6 months–2 years age group (prediction error < 25%). Predictions obtained from the PBCL approach were close to our results. This analysis established a single equation using the adult clearance value as well as individual age and weight to predict drug clearance in children older than 6 months.
Comparison of stretched‐Exponential and monoexponential model diffusion‐Weighted imaging in prostate cancer and normal tissues
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Zhou Liangping , Peng Weijun , Wang He , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundTo compare stretched‐exponential and monoexponential model diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate cancer and normal tissues.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with prostate cancer underwent DWI exam using b‐values of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2. The distributed diffusion coefficients (DDC) and α values of prostate cancer and normal tissues were obtained with stretched‐exponential model and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values using monoexponential model. The ADC, DDC (both in 10−3 mm2/s), and α values (range, 0–1) were compared among different prostate tissues. The ADC and DDC were also compared and correlated in each tissue, and the standardized differences between DDC and ADC were compared among different tissues.ResultsData were obtained for 31 cancers, 36 normal peripheral zone (PZ) and 26 normal central gland (CG) tissues. The ADC (0.71 ± 0.12), DDC (0.60 ± 0.18), and α value (0.64 ± 0.05) of tumor were all significantly lower than those of the normal PZ (1.41 ± 0.22, 1.47 ± 0.20, and 0.85 ± 0.09) and CG (1.25 ± 0.14, 1.32 ± 0.13, and 0.82 ± 0.06) (all P < 0.05). ADC was significantly higher than DDC in cancer, but lower than DDC in the PZ and CG (all P < 0.05). The ADC and DDC were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99, respectively, all P < 0.05) in all the tissue, and standardized difference between ADC and DDC of cancer was slight but significantly higher than that in normal tissue.ConclusionThe stretched‐exponential model DWI provides more parameters for distinguishing prostate cancer and normal tissue and reveals slight differences between DDC and ADC values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1078–1085.
Tendon extracellular matrix damage, degradation and inflammation in response to in vitro overload exercise
Authors: Spiesz Ewa M. , Thorpe Chavaunne T. , Chaudhry Saira , Riley Graham P. , Birch Helen L. , Clegg Peter D. , Screen Hazel R.C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe role of inflammation in tendon injury is uncertain and a topic of current interest. In vitro studies of tendon accelerated overload damage can serve as a valuable source of information on the early stages of tendinopathy. Viable fascicle bundles from bovine flexor tendons were subjected to cyclic uniaxial loading from 1–10% strain. Immuno‐staining for inflammatory markers and matrix degradation markers was performed on the samples after mechanical testing. Loaded samples exhibited visible extracellular matrix damage, with disrupted collagen fibers and fiber kinks, and notable damage to the interfascicular matrix. Inflammatory markers COX‐2 and IL‐6 were only expressed in the cyclically loaded samples. Collagen degradation markers MMP‐1 and C1,2C were colocalized in many areas, with staining occurring in the interfascicular matrix or the fascicular tenocytes. These markers were present in control samples, but staining became increasingly intense with loading. Little MMP‐3 or MMP‐13 was evident in control sections. In loaded samples, some sections showed intense staining of these markers, again localized to interfascicular regions. This study suggests that inflammatory markers may be expressed rapidly after tendon overload exercise. Interestingly, both inflammation and damage‐induced matrix remodeling seem to be concentrated in, or in the vicinity of, the highly cellular interfascicular matrix. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:889–897, 2015.