bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Progression Using Disease Onset Time and Disease Trajectory Concepts Applied to CDR‐SOB Scores From ADNI
Authors: Delor I , Charoin J‐E , Gieschke R , Retout S , Jacqmin P ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2013

Disease‐onset time (DOT) and disease trajectory concepts were applied to derive an Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression population model using the clinical dementia rating scale—sum of boxes (CDR‐SOB) from the AD neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) database. The model enabled the estimation of a DOT and a disease trajectory for each patient. The model also allowed distinguishing fast and slow‐progressing subpopulations according to the functional assessment questionnaire, normalized hippocampal volume, and CDR‐SOB score at study entry. On the basis of these prognostic factors, 81% of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects could correctly be assigned to slow or fast progressers, and 77% of MCI to AD conversions could be predicted whereas the model described correctly 84% of the conversions. Finally, synchronization of the biomarker‐time profiles on estimated individual DOT virtually expanded the population observation period from 3 to 8 years. DOT‐disease trajectory model is a powerful approach that could be applied to many progressive diseases.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e78; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.54; advance online publication 2 October 2013
Electrical and magnetic properties of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with different DyF3 additions
Authors: Sawatzki Simon , Dirba Imants , Schultz Ludwig , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: October 2013

The effect of deformation and DyF3 additions on the electrical resistivity and the magnetic performance has been studied in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons and correlated with respective microstructures. Despite the nanocrystallinity of hot-compacted magnets, the specific electrical resistivity measured by four-point-method was shown to be comparable with that of sintered magnets. Die-upsetting reduces electrical resistivity within the magnetically hard plane because of an enhanced shape anisotropy of the grains. The addition of DyF3 overcompensates this reduction due to the presence of electrically insulating Dy-F rich inclusions and thus reduces eddy current losses within the magnet. Magnetic measurements reveal an increase in coercivity without a change in remanence for die-upset magnets with a total height reduction of 63% and 1.2 wt. % Dy (1.6 wt. %DyF3). Both properties, remanence and coercivity, demonstrate an effective reduction in heavy rare earth Dy for Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Functional module identification in protein interaction networks by interaction patterns
Authors: Wang Yijie , Qian Xiaoning 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying functional modules in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks may shed light on cellular functional organization and thereafter underlying cellular mechanisms. Many existing module identification algorithms aim to detect densely connected groups of proteins as potential modules. However, based on this simple topological criterion of ‘higher than expected connectivity’, those algorithms may miss biologically meaningful modules of functional significance, in which proteins have similar interaction patterns to other proteins in networks but may not be densely connected to each other. A few blockmodel module identification algorithms have been proposed to address the problem but the lack of global optimum guarantee and the prohibitive computational complexity have been the bottleneck of their applications in real-world large-scale PPI networks.
Results: In this article, we propose a novel optimization formulation LCP2 (low two-hop conductance sets) using the concept of Markov random walk on graphs, which enables simultaneous identification of both dense and sparse modules based on protein interaction patterns in given networks through searching for LCP2 by random walk. A spectral approximate algorithm SLCP2 is derived to identify non-overlapping functional modules. Based on a bottom-up greedy strategy, we further extend LCP2 to a new algorithm (greedy algorithm for LCP2) GLCP2 to identify overlapping functional modules. We compare SLCP2 and GLCP2 with a range of state-of-the-art algorithms on synthetic networks and real-world PPI networks. The performance evaluation based on several criteria with respect to protein complex prediction, high level Gene Ontology term prediction and especially sparse module detection, has demonstrated that our algorithms based on searching for LCP2 outperform all other compared algorithms.
Availability and implementation: All data and code are available at http://www.cse.usf.edu/∼xqian/fmi/slcp2hop/.
Contact: yijie@mail.usf.edu or xqian@ece.tamu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The intrinsic shapes of dwarf irregular galaxies
Authors: Roychowdhury Sambit , Chengalur Jayaram N. , Karachentsev Igor D. , Kaisina Elena I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We use the measured B-band axial ratios of galaxies from an updated catalogue of Local Volume galaxies to determine the intrinsic shape of dwarf irregular galaxies (de Vaucouleurs’ morphological types 8–10). We find that the shapes change systematically with luminosity, with fainter galaxies being thicker. In particular, we divide our sample into sub-samples and find that the most luminous dwarfs (−19.6 &lt; MB &lt; −14.8) have thin discs (thickness ∼0.2), with the disc being slightly elliptical (axial ratio ∼0.8). At intermediate luminosity, viz. −14.8 &lt; MB &lt; −12.6, the galaxies are still characterized by elliptical discs (axial ratio ∼0.7), but the discs are somewhat thicker (thickness ∼0.4). The faintest dwarfs, viz. those with −12.6 &lt; MB &lt; −6.7 are well described as being oblate spheroids with an axial ratio ∼0.5. The increasing thickness of the stellar discs of dwarf irregulars with decreasing luminosity is compatible with the increasing ratio of velocity dispersion to rotational velocity with decreasing galaxy size.
Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine exert anti‐inflammatory effects on inflammation‐reactive astrocytes
Authors: Block Linda , Jörneberg Per , Björklund Ulrika , Westerlund Anna , Biber Björn , Hansson Elisabeth 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBupivacaine is a widely used, local anesthetic agent that blocks voltage‐gated Na+ channels when used for neuro‐axial blockades. Much lower concentrations of bupivacaine than in normal clinical use, < 10−8 m, evoked Ca2+ transients in astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex, that were inositol trisphosphate receptor‐dependent. We investigated whether bupivacaine exerts an influence on the Ca2+ signaling and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion in inflammation‐reactive astrocytes when used at ultralow concentrations, < 10−8 m. Furthermore, we wanted to determine if bupivacaine interacts with the opioid‐, 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ (5‐HT) and glutamate‐receptor systems. With respect to the μ‐opioid‐ and 5‐HT‐receptor systems, bupivacaine restored the inflammation‐reactive astrocytes to their normal non‐inflammatory levels. With respect to the glutamate‐receptor system, bupivacaine, in combination with an ultralow concentration of the μ‐opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and μ‐opioid receptor agonists, restored the inflammation‐reactive astrocytes to their normal non‐inflammatory levels. Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine attenuated the inflammation‐induced upregulation of IL‐1β secretion. The results indicate that bupivacaine interacts with the opioid‐, 5‐HT‐ and glutamate‐receptor systems by affecting Ca2+ signaling and IL‐1β release in inflammation‐reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that bupivacaine may be used at ultralow concentrations as an anti‐inflammatory drug, either alone or in combination with opioid agonists and ultralow concentrations of an opioid antagonist.
Minimax‐Optimal Strength of Statistical Evidence for a Composite Alternative Hypothesis
Authors: Bickel David R. 
Published: October 2013

RésuméLe rapport de vraisemblance mesure l'évidence statistique, par rapport ô une hypothèse nulle, d'une contre‐hypothèse simple. Il n'existe pas d'équivalent direct dans le contexte d'hypothèses composées. Nous montrons comment, en traitant le paramètre d'intérêt comme une grandeur aléatoire, il est cependant possible d'évaluer l'évidence statistique d'une hypothèse composée sans passer par la spécification ni l'estimation d'une loi ni d'un a priori particuliers. Le fait de traiter le paramètre comme un quantité aléatoire traduit ici sa variabilité plutôt qu'une incertitude le concernant, et la mesure idéale de l'évidence en faveur de la contre‐hypothèse est la différence entre les logarithmes desoddsa posteriori et a priori. Cette mesure idéale peur être remplacée par toute mesure estimée, pourvu qu'elle soit asymptotiquement sans biais. Une telle méthode s'interprète aisément et, le cas échéant, peut être utilisée en combinaison avec un a priori, spécifié ou estimé, sur l'hypothèse nulle. Nous décrivons deux de ces mesures estimées présentant des propriétés d'optimalité de type minimax. Une application ô des données protéomiques indique que la modification d'une de ces mesures optimales portant sur les données relatives ô une protéine unique fournit une bonne approximation de la différence entre les logarithmes desoddsa posteriori et a priori en provenance de 20 protéines différentes.
Fingerprint‐Based Recognition
Authors: Dass Sarat C. 
Published: October 2013

RésuméLa reconnaissance biométrique, ou la biométrie, se rapporte à l'authentification d'une personne basée sur le son des traits biométriques. Parmi les divers traits biométriques (par exemple, visage, iris, empreinte digitale, voix), l'authentification basée sur empreinte a la plus longue histoire, et a été avec succès adoptée dans des applications légales et civiles. Les avances en technologie de capture d'empreinte digitale ont eu comme conséquence des applications civiles de nouvelle large échelle (par exemple, programme d'US‐VISIT). Cependant, ces systèmes rencontrent toujours des difficultés dues ànfacteurs de divers bruit actuels dans des environnements de fonctionnement. Il y a également un manque général de développement scientifique dans des méthodes légales, y compris des méthodes basées par empreinte digitale, en termes de sources d'identification, d'incorporation et de mesure de variabilité dans le processus décisionnel. Le but de cet article est de donner un aperçu de pratique en vigueur dans la reconnaissance basée sur empreinte, ses défis et les domaines de la future recherche.
Gumbel’s Identity, Binomial Moments, and Bonferroni Sums
Authors: Hoppe Fred M. , Seneta Eugene 
Published: October 2013

RésuméL'identité de Gumbel établit l'égalité de la somme de Bonferroni Sk,n, k = 0, 1, 2, … , n et du moment binomial d'ordre k de la variable qui compte, dans un ensemble arbitraire de névénements, le nombre Mn d'événements se réalisant. Nous présentons un traitement unifié de bornes bien connues obtenues dans ce contexte par Bonferroni, Galambos‐Rényi, Dawson‐Sankoff et Chung‐Erdös, ainsi que de quelques bornes moins connues établies par Fréchet et Gumbel. Toutes font intervenir des sommes de Bonferroni. Notre démarche consiste à montrer que ces bornes apparaissent dans un cadre plus général comme les moments binomiaux d'une variable aléatoire à valeurs entières particulière. L'application de l'identité de Gumbel fournit alors la forme usuelle en termes de sommes de Bonferroni. Notre approche simplifie les preuves existantes, et permet d'étendre les résultats de Fréchet et Gumbel au cas de la probabilité pour qu'au moins t, 1 ≤t≤n des névénements considérés se réalisent. Une dernière conséquence de notre approche est l'amélioration d'une borne de Petrov qui elle‐même est la généralisation de la borne de Chung et Erdös.
Evaluating, Comparing, Monitoring, and Improving Representativeness of Survey Response Through R‐Indicators and Partial R‐Indicators
Authors: Schouten Barry , Bethlehem Jelke , Beullens Koen , Kleven Øyvin , Loosveldt Geert , Luiten Annemieke , Rutar Katja , Shlomo Natalie , Skinner Chris 
Published: October 2013

SummaryNon‐response is a common source of error in many surveys. Because surveys often are costly instruments, quality‐cost trade‐offs play a continuing role in the design and analysis of surveys. The advances of telephone, computers, and Internet all had and still have considerable impact on the design of surveys. Recently, a strong focus on methods for survey data collection monitoring and tailoring has emerged as a new paradigm to efficiently reduce non‐response error. Paradata and adaptive survey designs are key words in these new developments. Prerequisites to evaluating, comparing, monitoring, and improving quality of survey response are a conceptual framework for representative survey response, indicators to measure deviations thereof, and indicators to identify subpopulations that need increased effort. In this paper, we present an overview of representativeness indicators or R‐indicators that are fit for these purposes. We give several examples and provide guidelines for their use in practice.
Design and performance of a compact and stationary microSPECT system
Authors: Van Holen Roel , Vandeghinste Bert , Deprez Karel , Vandenberghe Stefaan 
Published: October 2013

Purpose:Over the last ten years, there has been an extensive growth in the development of microSPECT imagers. Most of the systems are based on the combination of conventional, relatively large gamma cameras with poor intrinsic spatial resolution and multipinhole collimators working in large magnification mode. Spatial resolutions range from 0.58 to 0.76 mm while peak sensitivities vary from 0.06% to 0.4%. While pushing the limits of performance is of major importance, the authors believe that there is a need for smaller and less complex systems that bring along a reduced cost. While low footprint and low‐cost systems can make microSPECT available to more researchers, the ease of operation and calibration and low maintenance cost are additional factors that can facilitate the use of microSPECT in molecular imaging. In this paper, the authors simulate the performance of a microSPECT imager that combines high space‐bandwidth detectors and pinholes with truncated projection, resulting in a small and stationary system.Methods:A system optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal SPECT systems, given our high resolutions detectors and a fixed field‐of‐view. These optimal system geometries are then used to simulate a Defrise disk phantom and a hot rod phantom. Finally, a MOBY mouse phantom, with realistic concentrations of Tc99m‐tetrofosmin is simulated.Results:Results show that the authors can successfully reconstruct a Defrise disk phantom of 24 mm in diameter without any rotating system components or translation of the object. Reconstructed spatial resolution is approximately 800 μm while the peak sensitivity is 0.23%. Finally, the simulation of the MOBY mouse phantom shows that the authors can accurately reconstruct mouse images.Conclusions:These results show that pinholes with truncated projections can be used in small magnification or minification mode to obtain a compact and stationary microSPECT system. The authors showed that they can reach state‐of‐the‐art system performance and can successfully reconstruct images with realistic noise levels in a preclinical context. Such a system can be useful for dynamic SPECT imaging.
Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Bh1 against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Other Lepidopteran Pests
Authors: Lira Justin , Beringer Jeff , Burton Stephanie , Griffin Samantha , Sheets Joel , Tan Sek Yee , Woosley Aaron , Worden Sarah , Narva Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus thuringiensis
is an important source of insect resistance traits in commercial crops. In an effort to prolong
B. thuringiensis
trait durability, insect resistance management programs often include combinations of insecticidal proteins that are not cross resistant or have demonstrable differences in their site of action as a means to mitigate the development of resistant insect populations. In this report, we describe the activity spectrum of a novel
B. thuringiensis
Cry protein, Cry1Bh1, against several lepidopteran pests, including laboratory-selected
B. thuringiensis
-resistant strains of
Ostrinia nubilalis
and
Heliothis virescens
and progeny of field-evolved
B. thuringiensis
-resistant strains of
Plutella xylostella
and
Spodoptera frugiperda
. Cry1Bh1 is active against susceptible and
B. thuringiensis
-resistant colonies of
O. nubilalis
,
P. xylostella
, and
H. virescens
in laboratory diet-based assays, implying a lack of cross-resistance in these insects. However, Cry1Bh1 is not active against susceptible or Cry1F-resistant
S. frugiperda
. Further, Cry1Bh1 does not compete with Cry1Fa or Cry1Ab for
O. nubilalis
midgut brush border membrane binding sites. Cry1Bh1-expressing corn, while not completely resistant to insect damage, provided significantly better leaf protection against Cry1Fa-resistant
O. nubilalis
than did Cry1Fa-expressing hybrid corn. The lack of cross-resistance with Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa along with independent membrane binding sites in
O. nubilalis
makes Cry1Bh1 a candidate to further optimize for in-plant resistance to this pest.
Catabolism of Glucose and Lactose in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Studied by
13
C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: González-Rodríguez Irene , Gaspar Paula , Sánchez Borja , Gueimonde Miguel , Margolles Abelardo , Neves Ana Rute 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics in several commercial products; however, to date there is little knowledge about their carbohydrate metabolic pathways. In this work, we studied the metabolism of glucose and lactose in the widely used probiotic strain
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
BB-12 by
in vivo
13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolism of [1-
13
C]glucose was characterized in cells grown in glucose as the sole carbon source. Moreover, the metabolism of lactose specifically labeled with
13
C on carbon 1 of the glucose or the galactose moiety was determined in suspensions of cells grown in lactose. These experiments allowed the quantification of some intermediate and end products of the metabolic pathways, as well as determination of the consumption rate of carbon sources. Additionally, the labeling patterns in metabolites derived from the metabolism of glucose specifically labeled with
13
C on carbon 1, 2, or 3 in cells grown in glucose or lactose specifically labeled in carbon 1 of the glucose moiety ([1-
13
C
glucose
]lactose), lactose specifically labeled in carbon 1 of the galactose moiety ([1-
13
C
galactose
]lactose), and [1-
13
C]glucose in lactose-grown cells were determined in cell extracts by
13
C NMR. The NMR analysis showed that the recovery of carbon was fully compatible with the fructose 6-phosphate, or bifid, shunt. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, acetate kinase, fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase, and pyruvate formate lyase differed significantly between glucose and lactose cultures. The transcriptional analysis of several putative glucose and lactose transporters showed a significant induction of Balat_0475 in the presence of lactose, suggesting a role for this protein as a lactose permease. This report provides the first
in vivo
experimental evidence of the metabolic flux distribution in the catabolic pathway of glucose and lactose in bifidobacteria and shows that the bifid shunt is the only pathway involved in energy recruitment from these two sugars. On the basis of our experimental results, a model of sugar metabolism in
B. animalis
subsp.
lactis
is proposed.
Constraining depositional models in the Barents Sea region using detrital zircon U–Pb data from Mesozoic sediments in Svalbard
Authors: Pózer Bue E. , Andresen A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Detrital zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry age data on sandstones from Mesozoic successions on Svalbard are used to investigate provenance changes over time, constrain potential source areas, and to test and refine previous interpretations of the Mesozoic filling of the Barents Sea. The zircon age data indicate a western Laurentian (North Greenland) source in the Early and Middle Triassic. The westerly derived sediments most likely include reworked older sediments with proto-sources in Canada and Greenland. Sediments reaching Svalbard in the Late Triassic display a distinct Uralide signature that demonstrates derivation from the east. Zircon age populations in Late Triassic–Early Jurassic sands suggest mixing of zircons from the Early and Middle Triassic and Late Triassic sediments; the data are interpreted to reflect reworking of older Mesozoic sands and possible renewed input of sediments from the west. The data thus demonstrate a shift from westerly to easterly sediment sources in the early Late Triassic. The Early and Middle Triassic zircon age signature in this study appears to resurface in published Early Cretaceous provenance data from Svalbard, suggesting that sediment input from the east ceased during the Jurassic, and shifted back to westerly sources.

Supplementary material:

A summary of U–Pb isotopic results, Concordia diagrams of U–Pb age data, K–S test results and cumulative probability plots for all samples are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18652
.
Geology, geochemistry and emplacement conditions of the Vega intrusive complex: an example of large-scale crustal anatexis in north-central Norway
Authors: Marko Wayne T. , Barnes Calvin G. , Yoshinobu Aaron S. , Frost Carol D. , Nordgulen Øystein 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The
c.
350 km
2
Vega intrusive complex is part of the Bindal Batholith and was emplaced at
c.
475 Ma into polydeformed supracrustal rocks of the Helgeland Nappe Complex. The intrusive complex is tilted towards the west, exposing asymmetrical zoning. From east to west, the complex is composed of biotite granite, garnet-biotite granite, garnet-bearing muscovite biotite granodiorite and sillimanite-bearing garnet cordierite muscovite biotite granodiorite. In addition, the complex contains small amounts of intrusive migmatite. Granodiorite and intrusive migmatite contain abundant metasedimentary, mafic and ultramafic enclaves. Granodiorite, granite and migmatite are generally peraluminous to strongly peraluminous, calcic to alkalic and magnesian, with initial
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios of 0.7096–0.7469 and ε
Nd
from −7.0 to −11.0. Emplacement of the Vega intrusive complex was coeval with the intrusion of metaluminous dioritic rocks. The intrusive mafic rocks and enclaves in the complex have MORB-like (mid-ocean ridge basalt-like) to calc-alkaline geochemical characteristics. The lack of an isotopic compositional trend between mafic and granitic rocks indicates that magmas did not mix. Instead granitic magmas formed by unmixing of residual phases from crustally derived magmas. Partial melting of supracrustal source rocks may have been related to intra- and underplating of MORB-like magmas into the lower crust during extension.

Supplementary material:

Detailed petrographic descriptions, photomicrographs, and field images of selected enclaves are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18653
.