bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of knowledge and copyright: an historical case study
Authors: Volpe Tony , Schopfel Joachim 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– Does copyright protection reduce or foster intellectual and industrial creation? Based on a case study from history of science, the aim is to provide more controversial evidence to this debate.Design/methodology/approach– The investigation used primary and secondary sources from the history of science and made the link to the actual debate on copyright, piracy and scientific communication.Findings– The paper describes how Elzevier, through non-authorized exploitation of a new product and without consideration of the editor's legitimate interests, in a context of missing copyright protection, largely contributed to the dissemination of the FrenchJournal de Savantsand its content, and finally to the success of scientific journals. Obviously, rights infringement can not only promote the interest and objective of the rights holder but also and above all contribute to the emergence and development of new forms of scientific life. Sometimes, when barriers to communication and debate are too strong, tolerated and calculated infringement may be an option to move the lines/change the situation.Research limitations/implications– In the post-Gutenberg galaxy, made up of open access, common goods and public domain, open data and e-Science, evaluation, innovation, sustainability, communication and sharing, copyright is not necessarily the (only) option to develop scientific communication. At least, the authors have to study lessons from academic publishing, copyright protection and piracy very carefully.Originality/value– The paper sheds light on a surprising and not very well-known part of the history of academic publishing.
Knowledge loss when older experts leave knowledge-intensive organisations
Authors: Joe Carmel , Yoong Pak , Patel Kapila 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe different concepts of valuable knowledge that are perceived to be lost when an older expert departs from a knowledge-intensive organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
– A multiple case research methodology and semi-structured interviews involving 17 participants from five small-to-medium enterprises (SME).

Findings
– Five concepts of valuable knowledge have emerged from the interviews: subject matter expertise; knowledge about business relationships and social networks; organisational knowledge and institutional memory; knowledge of business systems, processes and value chains; and knowledge of governance.

Research limitations/implications
– The scope of the research project is restricted to SMEs in New Zealand and this restriction limits the generalisation of the results to other contexts. This study may serve as a starting point for future investigations including larger organisations that may have a greater number of older experts.

Practical implications
– By identifying the different types of older experts' knowledge, organisations are able to realise the potential of retaining that knowledge within the organisation.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first investigations of the knowledge that older experts in the professional services industry possess within a small-to-medium enterprise context.
Designing a scientific social network site based on a conceptual methodology
Authors: Serajian Mina , Akhgar Babak 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– There exist large gaps in research about social networking services, for example in their development. Most of these networks lack any scientific or engineered base in their designing and developing processes. In this paper, a holistic model will be described for the development of social network sites and parts of a scientific social network (SSN) will be developed using it. Users of this site are faculties, students and R&D personnel of a university or an enterprise. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper, a SSN site is designed along with a brief description of a social network site development methodology. The structure of methodology is based on conceptual template for the construction of a methodology. Using this methodology, a group of 50 users (from all three types of end-users) have been chosen to be interviewed about their expectations from the mentioned site.Findings– Based on the interview, it was discovered that their view about social networks is inflexible and they do not have any new visions about functionalities of these networks. Their emphasis was mostly on exchanging and sharing role of this site. Design and development of social network sites based on the proposed methodology is easily understandable because of using state machine notations.Originality/value– The innovation of this study is to propose a soft model for social network sites design based on these site's special specifications and regarding differences of them with other regular ones. This can pave the way for investors of such sites for setting up distinct social sites with new functionalities in an innovative approach.
Hospitality management: a guide to key reference works
Authors: Bottorff Tim 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide an overview of the field of hospitality management and a guide to the major books, databases, web sites, and other resources that comprise a quality hospitality management reference collection.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following a short introduction and overview, key sources and annotations are presented in categories that will help reference and collection librarians to better understand and serve hospitality management students. The sources were identified through the author's experience, library research guides and web sites, bibliographies, and other standard sources.

Findings
– Hospitality management is growing and maturing as an academic discipline, aided by the fact that the field offers good job prospects. The key sources pertaining to hospitality management are scattered among several different industry sectors, including food and beverage, lodging, meetings and special events, travel and tourism, and theme parks and attractions.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to systematically identify key reference works for the field of hospitality management. It will be useful for librarians who work with business, culinary arts, hospitality management, or related fields.
Vulval cancer incidence, mortality and survival in England: age‐related trends
Authors: Lai J , Elleray R , Nordin A , Hirschowitz L , Rous B , Gildea C , Poole J 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the trends and age characteristics of vulval cancer incidence, mortality, survival and stage of disease.DesignRetrospective population‐based observational study based on cancer registry and Office for National Statistics data.SettingEngland.PopulationAll women diagnosed with vulval cancer, defined by the site of the tumour (ICD‐10 code C51).MethodsIncluding all C51 cases, Poisson regression was used to test for trends in incidence and mortality rates, and generalised linear modelling was used to test for trends in relative survival. Excluding women with melanomas, basal cell carcinomas and Paget disease, stage was investigated as a percentage of staged data by age.Main outcome measuresAge‐standardised incidence and mortality rates, relative survival rates and stage of disease at diagnosis.ResultsFrom 1990, there was a statistically significant increase in overall incidence (P = 0.018) and decrease in mortality (P < 0.001). In addition, there were statistically significant increases in overall survival (1‐year, P < 0.001; 5‐year, P < 0.001). However, from 1990, incidence increased in women aged 20–39 years (P = 0.002), 40–49 and 50–59 years (both P < 0.001) and 60–69 years (P = 0.030) and decreased in women aged 80 years and above (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant decreases in mortality in women aged ≥60 years (P < 0.001), and statistically significant increases in 1‐year survival in women aged ≥40 years (P ≤ 0.047) and in 5‐year survival in women aged 40–49 and ≥60 years (P ≤ 0.011). Stage patterns by age highlight diagnosis at an earlier stage in younger women and more advanced stage diagnosis in older women.ConclusionSurvival from vulval cancer has improved and mortality has decreased since 1990. The overall incidence of disease has increased as a result of more new diagnoses in the under 70‐year age group.
The impact of information and familiarity on public attitudes toward the eastern hellbender
Authors: Reimer A. , Mase A. , Mulvaney K. , Mullendore N. , Perry‐Hill R. , Prokopy L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite their ecological significance, rare and uncharismatic but threatened species are less often the focus of research and conservation efforts than more familiar and charismatic threatened species. The eastern hellbender, a salamander threatened by human activities, is believed to be negatively perceived by or unknown to the general public. Through a survey of 541 (response rate 40.1%) residents in southern Indiana, this study assessed public familiarity and attitudes toward the hellbender. Overall attitudes were found to be relatively neutral. There were significant differences between the attitudes of respondents who were familiar with hellbenders compared to those who were not familiar, with familiar respondents reporting more positive attitudes overall. Providing survey respondents with just a small amount of additional information about the rarity and locality of the hellbender resulted in more positive attitudes toward this species. Respondents who were unfamiliar with the hellbender expressed significantly more positive attitudes when given the additional information, while the attitudes of respondents familiar with hellbenders were more established and remained stable despite the additional information. The measurement instruments and findings from this study could inform future efforts to protect little‐known and threatened species by identifying attitudes and beliefs for social interventions to address.
Exact Simultaneous Confidence Bands for Quadratic and Cubic Polynomial Regression with Applications in Dose Response Study
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Sanyu , Bretz Frank 
Published: October 2013

SummaryExact simultaneous confidence bands (SCBs) for a polynomial regression model are available only in some special situations. In this paper, simultaneous confidence levels for both hyperbolic and constant width bands for a polynomial function over a given interval are expressed as multidimensional integrals. The dimension of these integrals is equal to the degree of the polynomial. Hence the values can be calculated quickly and accurately via numerical quadrature provided that the degree of the polynomial is small (e.g. 2 or 3). This allows the construction of exact SCBs for quadratic and cubic regression functions over any given interval and for any given design matrix. Quadratic and cubic regressions are frequently used to characterise dose response relationships in addition to many other applications. Comparison between the hyperbolic and constant width bands under both the average width and minimum volume confidence set criteria shows that the constant width band can be much less efficient than the hyperbolic band. For hyperbolic bands, comparison between the exact critical constant and conservative or approximate critical constants indicates that the exact critical constant can be substantially smaller than the conservative or approximate critical constants. Numerical examples from a dose response study are used to illustrate the methods.
Porous Titanium‐6 Aluminum‐4 Vanadium Cage Has Better Osseointegration and Less Micromotion Than a Poly‐Ether‐Ether‐Ketone Cage in Sheep Vertebral Fusion
Authors: Wu Su‐Hua , Li Yi , Zhang Yong‐Quan , Li Xiao‐Kang , Yuan Chao‐Fan , Hao Yu‐Lin , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Guo Zheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInterbody fusion cages made of poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) have been widely used in clinics for spinal disorders treatment; however, they do not integrate well with surrounding bone tissue. Ti‐6Al‐4V (Ti) has demonstrated greater osteoconductivity than PEEK, but the traditional Ti cage is generally limited by its much greater elastic modulus (110 GPa) than natural bone (0.05–30 GPa). In this study, we developed a porous Ti cage using electron beam melting (EBM) technique to reduce its elastic modulus and compared its spinal fusion efficacy with a PEEK cage in a preclinical sheep anterior cervical fusion model. A porous Ti cage possesses a fully interconnected porous structure (porosity: 68 ± 5.3%; pore size: 710 ± 42 μm) and a similar Young's modulus as natural bone (2.5 ± 0.2 GPa). When implanted in vivo, the porous Ti cage promoted fast bone ingrowth, achieving similar bone volume fraction at 6 months as the PEEK cage without autograft transplantation. Moreover, it promoted better osteointegration with higher degree (2‐10x) of bone‐material binding, demonstrated by histomorphometrical analysis, and significantly higher mechanical stability (P < 0.01), shown by biomechanical testing. The porous Ti cage fabricated by EBM could achieve fast bone ingrowth. In addition, it had better osseointegration and superior mechanical stability than the conventional PEEK cage, demonstrating great potential for clinical application.
Nocturnal blood pressure non‐dipping is prevalent in severely obese, prepubertal and early pubertal children
Authors: Westerståhl M , Hedvall Kallerman P , Hagman E , Ek A E , Rössner S M , Marcus C 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of nocturnal blood pressure dipping among obese prepubertal and early pubertal children and to analyse the relationship between dipping and measures of insulin‐glucose metabolism or sleep‐disordered breathing.MethodsWe studied 76 obese children (41% girls) under clinical care, with an average age of 10.4 ± 1.7 and a body mass index Z‐score (BMI Z‐score) of 6.2 ± 1.6. We performed a 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Non‐dipping was defined as a nocturnal blood pressure reduction of <10%. We calculated measures of insulin‐glucose metabolism from the performed frequently sampled intravenous glucose‐tolerance test and from fasting blood samples. Overnight sleep polygraph recordings were performed to assess sleep‐disordered breathing.ResultsForty‐two percent of the children were systolic non‐dippers, and 17% were diastolic non‐dippers. There were no associations between systolic or diastolic dipping and measures of insulin‐glucose metabolism after adjustments for BMI Z‐score, gender and pubertal status. There were no associations between dipping and measures of sleep‐disordered breathing.ConclusionNocturnal non‐dipping was two times higher among severely obese, prepubertal and early pubertal children, compared to previous reports among children in general. There were no associations between nocturnal dipping and insulin‐glucose metabolism or measures of sleep‐disordered breathing in this group.
Design, Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel N‐Substituted‐3,5‐Bis(Arylidene)‐4‐piperidone Derivatives as Cytotoxic and Antitumor Agents with Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Sun Jufeng , Zhang Shuping , Yu Chen , Hou Guige , Zhang Xiaofan , Li Keke , Zhao Feng 
Published: October 2013

Ten new N‐substituted‐3,5‐bis(arylidene)‐4‐piperidone derivatives (series 1 and 2) were synthesized and subsequently evaluated against human carcinoma cell lines SW1990, MIA PaCa‐2, PG‐BE1, NCI‐H460, and SK‐BR‐3 for cytotoxic activity by the CCK‐8 method, and their fluorescent properties were investigated as well. The compounds were confirmed to display greater cytotoxic activity to the neoplastic cells, and approximately 50% of the IC50 values were lower than 5 μm. In particular, compounds 1a, 1c, 1d, and 1e bearing 3‐bromophenyl groups were revealed as the most active antitumor drug candidates and had the average IC50 values of 1.94, 1.11, 1.16, and 0.817 μm, respectively. Furthermore, their fluorescent properties were interesting and might contribute to the visualization of their distribution in tumor cells. Some possible reasons for the disparity between cytotoxic activity and fluorescent properties in the two series of compounds were explored. This study revealed high potential of these molecules for further development as fluorescent cytotoxic and antitumor agents.
Walking the talk. Implementation of transitional care guidance in a UK paediatric and a neighbouring adult facility
Authors: Shaw K. L. , Watanabe A. , Rankin E. , McDonagh J. E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the quality of transitional care in a paediatric and adult hospital by investigating (i) adherence to national transition guidance and (ii) whether implementation is associated with better patient/carer experiences.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a UK paediatric hospital (PH) and neighbouring adult hospital. Clinics completed a questionnaire to determine characteristics of their transitional care provision and invited patients aged 11–21 years and parents/carers to complete a questionnaire (‘Mind the Gap’) to assess their satisfaction.ResultsTwenty‐three clinics participated. Fourteen (70%) reported delivering a transition programme, but only 5 (25%) indicated this was holistic (addressing medical, psychosocial and vocational issues). Participants included 457 young people and 330 parents, 71% and 88% respectively attending the PH. Ratings of current care were significantly lower than ratings of best care. These ‘gap’ scores were not excessive, although some participants were very dissatisfied. Better satisfaction was associated with attending clinics that provided transitional care, especially when defined as ‘holistic’ and youth‐friendly.ConclusionsTransition programmes that adhere to current guidance are associated with better satisfaction, but variations in provision suggest barriers to implementation. Attention is required to how youth‐friendly transitional care is defined with particular reference to the specific clinic model.
Growing up with cerebral palsy: perceptions of the influence of family
Authors: Freeborn D. , Knafl K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a non‐progressive condition present from birth or infancy that includes various neurological patterns of dysfunction. It is characterized by abnormal motor control and/or posture and can involve communication difficulties. Children and youth with CP face multiple social and developmental challenges during their formative years including mild to severe physical limitations, poor socialization, limited recreational activities, and stigmatization. Families play a key role in supporting adaptation to CP. The purpose of this paper was to explore women's perceptions of the ways their families contributed to their overall quality of life with CP.MethodsDrawing on data from a qualitative study of eight women with CP, the purpose of this analysis was to examine perceptions of the ways in which their families and individual family members contributed to participants' overall quality of life and adaptation to CP. Respondents ranged in age from 22 years to 55 years and had varied forms of CP. The study was based on a feminist biographical approach, which combines biographical methods with feminist principles.ResultsParticipants provided considerable, rich contextual data on their family life and the pivotal role family played. The analysis identified four themes related to supportive family roles: (1) being an advocate, and teaching advocacy; (2) promoting inclusion and acceptance; (3) integrating therapy into daily life; and (4) the importance of siblings as friends and mentors.ConclusionsHealth‐care providers can contribute to the family's ability to facilitate quality of life by providing guidance on how to be advocates and teach advocacy, including the child with CP in family activities, accessing therapy and incorporating beneficial therapies at home, and promoting healthy sibling relationships.
The challenges, advantages and future of phenome‐wide association studies
Authors: Hebbring Scott J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryOver the last decade, significant technological breakthroughs have revolutionized human genomic research in the form of genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). GWASs have identified thousands of statistically significant genetic variants associated with hundreds of human conditions including many with immunological aetiologies (e.g. multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis). Unfortunately, most GWASs fail to identify clinically significant associations. Identifying biologically significant variants by GWAS also presents a challenge. The GWAS is a phenotype‐to‐genotype approach. As a complementary/alternative approach to the GWAS, investigators have begun to exploit extensive electronic medical record systems to conduct a genotype‐to‐phenotype approach when studying human disease – specifically, the phenome‐wide association study (PheWAS). Although the PheWAS approach is in its infancy, this method has already demonstrated its capacity to rediscover important genetic associations related to immunological diseases/conditions. Furthermore, PheWAS has the advantage of identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic properties. This is particularly relevant for HLA variants. For example, PheWAS results have demonstrated that the HLA‐DRB1 variant associated with multiple sclerosis may also be associated with erythematous conditions including rosacea. Likewise, PheWAS has demonstrated that the HLA‐B genotype is not only associated with spondylopathies, uveitis, and variability in platelet count, but may also play an important role in other conditions, such as mastoiditis. This review will discuss and compare general PheWAS methodologies, describe both the challenges and advantages of the PheWAS, and provide insight into the potential directions in which PheWAS may lead.
Pioglitazone and metformin are equally effective in reduction of chemerin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Esteghamati Alireza , Ghasemiesfe Mehrnaz , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Noshad Sina , Nakhjavani Manouchehr 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionChemerin, a novel member of the family of adipocytokines, has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance, as well as micro‐ and macrovascular complications of diabetes. We investigated the effects of pioglitazone and metformin, two commonly prescribed antidiabetic agents, on the reduction of serum chemerin concentrations.Materials and MethodsIn an open‐labeled randomized clinical trial, 81 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who were not taking antidiabetic medications were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned to either pioglitazone 30 mg daily or metformin 1,000 mg daily. Serum chemerin concentrations, indices of glycemic control, serum lipids concentrations, and anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsPioglitazone and metformin did not alter waist circumference, weight or body mass index after 3 months. In contrast, all indices of glycemia and insulin resistance improved substantially after 3 months’ treatment with both medications (P < 0.01 in all analyses). There was a significant decrease in chemerin concentrations after 3 months in the pioglitazone group (P = 0.008). Similarly, metformin caused a significant drop in chemerin concentrations at week 12 (P = 0.015). When compared, metformin and pioglitazone proved to be equally effective in the alleviation of chemerin concentrations (P = 0.895, effect size: 0.1%).ConclusionsThe present findings show that pioglitazone and metformin have comparable efficacy on serum chemerin concentrations, albeit through different mechanisms. Future studies need to focus on the clinical implications of lowered chemerin concentration on improvement of diabetes complications. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT01593371).