bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant assemblages do not respond homogenously to local variation in environmental conditions: functional responses differ with species identity and abundance
Authors: Kumordzi Bright B. , Wardle David A. , Freschet Grégoire T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractQuestionsWe investigated some commonly held assumptions of community assembly theory needed to provide accurate predictions of changes in plant species assemblages across environmental gradients or following environmental change. Do (1) dominant and subordinate species respond in the same way to changes in environmental variables; (2) plant species assemblages show higher interspecific than intraspecific trait responses; and (3) co‐existing dominant species differ in their responses to the same environmental variables?LocationIslands in Lakes Uddjaure and Hornavan, northern Sweden.MethodsWe explored the responses of forest understorey vegetation assemblages to variation in environmental resources across a chronosequence of 30 lake islands that differ in fire history, above‐ground and below‐ground resource availability and species diversity. For one plot on each island, we measured specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and foliar N and P of all dominant and subordinate understorey plant species to assess species‐specific and weighted and non‐weighted community‐level trait responses to variation across islands in all major local environmental drivers.ResultsConsistent with our expectations, we found that species responses to environmental conditions were not homogenous within assemblages, and that responses of dominant and subordinate species differed. Further, intraspecific variation was often an important component of local‐scale plant community‐level responses. Responses were often relatively consistent across species, but dominant species sometimes showed contrasting responses of the same trait to the same environmental factor. Finally, environmental factors that influenced community average trait values also affected functional diversity.ConclusionsThis study has shown that several common assumptions that underpin community assembly theory do not necessarily hold, and this can cause inaccuracies in predicting plant functional composition responses to changes in environmental variables. Because these assumptions are central to current models that predict vegetation responses to environmental change, it is crucial to further test in which particular environmental context and to what extent these assumptions are critical for model accuracy.
The construction and legitimation of workplace bullying in the public sector: insight into power dynamics and organisational failures in health and social care
Authors: Hutchinson Marie , Jackson Debra 
Published: August 2014

Health‐care and public sector institutions are high‐risk settings for workplace bullying. Despite growing acknowledgement of the scale and consequence of this pervasive problem, there has been little critical examination of the institutional power dynamics that enable bullying. In the aftermath of large‐scale failures in care standards in public sector healthcare institutions, which were characterised by managerial bullying, attention to the nexus between bullying, power and institutional failures is warranted. In this study, employing Foucault's framework of power, we illuminate bullying as a feature of structures of power and knowledge in public sector institutions. Our analysis draws upon the experiences of a large sample (n = 3345) of workers in Australian public sector agencies – the type with which most nurses in the public setting will be familiar. In foregrounding these power dynamics, we provide further insight into how cultures that are antithetical to institutional missions can arise and seek to broaden the debate on the dynamics of care failures within public sector institutions. Understanding the practices of power in public sector institutions, particularly in the context of ongoing reform, has important implications for nursing.
Panoramic radiography measurements, osteoporosis diagnoses and fractures in Japanese men and women
Authors: Yamada S , Uchida K , Iwamoto Y , Sugino N , Yoshinari N , Kagami H , Taguchi A 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the shape of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs with the risk of an osteoporosis diagnosis without prevalent fractures and with the risk of osteoporotic fractures in Japanese men and women.Subjects and MethodsOne thousand and twenty‐one subjects aged 40–89 years, who visited our university hospital and underwent panoramic radiography between 2007 and 2013, participated in this study. Eighty‐eight patients received a diagnosis of osteoporosis without prevalent fractures, and 55 were diagnosed with osteoporotic fractures. Blinded to the groupings, we classified the shape of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs as normal, moderately eroded or severely eroded.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratios for an osteoporosis diagnosis associated with moderately eroded and severely eroded mandibular cortices were 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8–2.6) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4–5.0), respectively. The odds ratios for an osteoporotic fracture associated with moderately eroded and severely eroded cortices were 0.8 (95% CI, 0.4–1.7) and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.5–2.5), respectively.ConclusionsSubjects in Japan with eroded mandibular cortices tended to be at increased risk of osteoporosis diagnoses but not of fractures.
Recovery of the response to biological treatments using narrow band ultraviolet‐B in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: a retrospective study of 17 patients
Authors: Belinchón Isabel , Arribas María Paloma , Soro Pilar , Betlloch Isabel 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackground/PurposeBiological therapy has demonstrated a very satisfactory anti‐psoriatic effect; however, the loss of response with time has been reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the narrow band ultraviolet‐B phototherapy (NB‐UVB) as a rescue in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who have lost efficacy in their biological treatment.MethodsA retrospective chart review study was conducted on patients with moderate to severe psoriasis receiving treatment with a biologic, with a good initial response that subsequently had lost efficacy. All the patients received combined treatment with NB‐UVB.ResultsSeventeen patients were included, with a mean age of 44 years. The biologics were: 8 etanercept, 4 adalimumab, 3 ustekinumab, 1 efalizumab, and 1 infliximab. The mean NB‐UVB sessions was 25 (7–48 sessions), with a mean accumulated dose of 31.12 J/cm2 (5.2–94.6 J/cm2). Sixteen patients had the following results: 44% PASI 90–100, 31.3% PASI 75–89, and 25% PASI 50–74 response.ConclusionAccording to this study on clinical practice, it could be considered that the use of NB‐UVB along with biological drugs that have lost efficacy in controlling moderate to severe psoriasis in adults could contribute to the recovery of the initial response.
Effects of four additive solutions on canine leukoreduced red cell concentrate quality during storage
Authors: Lacerda Luciana A. , Hlavac Nicole R.C. , Terra Silvia R. , Back Franciele P. , Jane Wardrop K. , González Félix H.D. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAdditive solutions (AS) and prestorage leukoreduction (LR) are important tools used to maintain erythrocyte viability during storage and avoid transfusion reactions in recipients, respectively.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of a WBC filter (Immugard IIIRC) and compare the effect of 4 AS (phosphate‐adenine‐glucose‐guanosine‐gluconate‐mannitol [PAGGGM], saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol [SAGM], Adsol, Optisol) on the in vitro quality of canine leukoreduced packed RBC units (pRBC) stored for 41 days.MethodsFive hundred milliliters of blood were collected from 8 healthy dogs each into 70 mL of citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) solution, and were leukoreduced by a polyurethane filter. pRBC of each dog were divided equally into 4 bags containing a different AS. Bags were stored for 41 days at 4°C and evaluated every 10 days. Variables analyzed included pH, PCV, and% hemolysis, and lactate, glucose, potassium, sodium, ATP, and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) concentrations.ResultsThe LR resulted in residual WBC counts comparable to human standards. During storage, pH, and glucose, 2,3‐DPG, and ATP concentrations decreased, and hemolysis, and lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations increased (P < .05). Significant differences between AS were seen in the glucose and sodium concentrations, due to the composition of AS. Also, the pH maintained by PAGGGM at day 21 was significantly higher than that seen with SAGM or Adsol.ConclusionsAll AS used gave satisfactory results during the first 21 days of storage based on the degree of hemolysis, and on ATP and 2,3‐DPG concentrations. When compared with day 1 values, significant changes were seen in these variables by day 31 with all AS.
Efficacy of Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wynn Gareth J. , Das Moloy , Bonnett Laura J. , Panikker Sandeep , Wong Tom , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Catheter ablation (CA) is commonly performed for persistent atrial fibrillation, but few high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist, leading to funding restrictions being proposed in several countries. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs and non-RCTs to assess the efficacy of CA for persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, OpenGrey, and
clinicaltrials.gov
for RCTs and non-RCTs reporting clinical outcomes after CA for persistent atrial fibrillation. Forty-six eligible studies were identified containing 3819 patients. After a single procedure, CA significantly reduced the risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation compared with medical therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–0.53;
P
<0.001). Outcomes were better if the pulmonary veins were encircled (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.74;
P
=0.01), and electrical isolation reduced AF recurrence compared with purely anatomic encirclement (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13–0.86;
P
=0.02). Linear ablation within the left atrium (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10–0.49;
P
<0.001), but not complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.35–1.18;
P
=0.15), significantly reduced AF recurrence. Results were not improved by performing more extensive linear lesion sets (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41–1.43;
P
=0.40) or from biatrial ablation (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.31–1.24;
P
=0.17). Where data were available, the relative benefits seen held true both after a single or multiple procedure(s). Sensitivity analyses showed that inclusion of non-RCTs increased statistical power without biasing the calculated effect sizes.

Conclusions—
For patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, CA achieves significantly greater freedom from recurrent atrial fibrillation compared with medical therapy. The most efficacious strategy is likely to combine isolation of the pulmonary veins with limited linear ablation within the left atrium.
Moist Static Energy Budget of the MJO during DYNAMO
Authors: Sobel Adam , Wang Shuguang , Kim Daehyun 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The authors analyze the column-integrated moist static energy budget over the region of the tropical Indian Ocean covered by the sounding array during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011)/Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment in late 2011. The analysis is performed using data from the sounding array complemented by additional observational datasets for surface turbulent fluxes and atmospheric radiative heating. The entire analysis is repeated using the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). The roles of surface turbulent fluxes, radiative heating, and advection are quantified for the two MJO events that occurred in October and November using the sounding data; a third event in December is also studied in the ERA-Interim data.
These results are consistent with the view that the MJO’s moist static energy anomalies grow and are sustained to a significant extent by the radiative feedbacks associated with MJO water vapor and cloud anomalies and that propagation of the MJO is associated with advection of moist static energy. Both horizontal and vertical advection appear to play significant roles in the events studied here. Horizontal advection strongly moistens the atmosphere during the buildup to the active phase of the October event when the low-level winds switch from westerly to easterly. Horizontal advection strongly dries the atmosphere in the wake of the active phases of the November and December events as the westerlies associated with off-equatorial cyclonic gyres bring subtropical dry air into the convective region from the west and north. Vertical advection provides relative moistening ahead of the active phase and drying behind it, associated with an increase of the normalized gross moist stability.
Atmospheric Kinetic Energy Spectra from Global High-Resolution Nonhydrostatic Simulations
Authors: Skamarock William C. , Park Sang-Hun , Klemp Joseph B. , Snyder Chris 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Kinetic energy (KE) spectra derived from global high-resolution atmospheric simulations from the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) are presented. The simulations are produced using quasi-uniform global Voronoi horizontal meshes with 3-, 7.5-, and 15-km mean cell spacings. KE spectra from the MPAS simulations compare well with observations and other simulations in the literature and possess the canonical KE spectra structure including a very-well-resolved shallow-sloped mesoscale region in the 3-km simulation. There is a peak in the vertical velocity variance at the model filter scale for all simulations, indicating the underresolved nature of updrafts even with the 3-km mesh. The KE spectra reveal that the MPAS configuration produces an effective model resolution (filter scale) of approximately 6Δx. Comparison with other published model KE spectra highlight model filtering issues, specifically insufficient filtering that can lead to spectral blocking and the production of erroneous shallow-sloped mesoscale tails in the KE spectra. The mesoscale regions in the MPAS KE spectra are produced without use of kinetic energy backscatter, in contrast to other results reported in the literature. No substantive difference is found in KE spectra computed on constant height or constant pressure surfaces. Stratified turbulence is not resolved with the vertical resolution used in this study; hence, the results do not support recent conjecture that stratified turbulence explains the mesoscale portion of the KE spectrum.
Curl-Free Pressure Gradients over Orography in a Solution of the Fully Compressible Euler Equations with Implicit Treatment of Acoustic and Gravity Waves
Authors: Weller Hilary , Shahrokhi Ava 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Steep orography can cause noisy solutions and instability in models of the atmosphere. A new technique for modeling flow over orography is introduced that guarantees curl-free gradients on arbitrary grids, implying that the pressure gradient term is not a spurious source of vorticity. This mimetic property leads to better hydrostatic balance and better energy conservation on test cases using terrain-following grids. Curl-free gradients are achieved by using the covariant components of velocity over orography rather than the usual horizontal and vertical components.
In addition, gravity and acoustic waves are treated implicitly without the need for mean and perturbation variables or a hydrostatic reference profile. This enables a straightforward description of the implicit treatment of gravity waves.
Results are presented of a resting atmosphere over orography and the curl-free pressure gradient formulation is advantageous. Results of gravity waves over orography are insensitive to the placement of terrain-following layers. The model with implicit gravity waves is stable in strongly stratified conditions, with NΔt up to at least 10 (where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency). A warm bubble rising over orography is simulated and the curl-free pressure gradient formulation gives much more accurate results for this test case than a model without this mimetic property.
A Revised Tornado Definition and Changes in Tornado Taxonomy
Authors: Agee Ernest M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The tornado taxonomy presented by Agee and Jones is revised to account for the new definition of a tornado provided by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) in October 2013, resulting in the elimination of shear-driven vortices from the taxonomy, such as gustnadoes and vortices in the eyewall of hurricanes. Other relevant research findings since the initial issuance of the taxonomy are also considered and incorporated, where appropriate, to help improve the classification system. Multiple misoscale shear-driven vortices in a single tornado event, when resulting from an inertial instability, are also viewed to not meet the definition of a tornado.
The New Developmentalism and the Challenges to Long-Term Stability in Brazil
Authors: Carrillo Ian R. 
Published: August 2014

A new developmentalism is said to have taken hold in Brazil over the past decade. Incorporating multiple policy strategies, it has three main pillars: promoting inclusive growth in the home economy, engaging the international economy to underpin national development and to sustain long-term growth, and pursuing internal and external objectives through the collaboration of a strong state and a strong market. In spite of several major accomplishments, this approach has disproportionately used industrial policy tools to privilege firms in traditional sectors and foster increased reliance on commodities, tendencies that have been enabled by bureaucratic incoherence and weak oversight of public financing. This makes it unlikely that deep productive transformation, a key developmentalist objective as defined by the East Asian experience, will materialize. Dizem que nesta última década, um novo desenvolvimentalismo tomou posse no Brasil. Incorpora muitas estratégias, as quais tem três suportes principais: a promoção dum crescimento globalmente compreensivo no mercado nacional, o aumento das relações com a economia internacional para apoiar o desenvolvimento interno e sustentar o crescimento a longo prazo, e a alcance de objetivos pela colaboração entre um Estado e um mercado fortes. A pesar de várias realizações importantes, este política há empregado, desproporcionalmente, instrumentos de política industrial no sentido de favorecer as empresas dos setores tradicionais e aumentar dependência nas materias primas: uma tendência possibilidada pela incoerência nos procedimentos burocráticos e pela fiscalização fraca dos gastos públicos. Por isso é pouco provável que se realizar qualquer transformação da produção, a que deve ser um objetivo chave desenvolvimentista segundo as padrões da experiências recentes da Ásia oriental.
Affirmative Action and Political Dispute in Today’s Brazilian Academe
Authors: dos Santos Sales Augusto 
Published: August 2014

The current discussion about the quota system being introduced to increase access by black students to public universities in Brazil has at least two components. The first is who can acquire one of the prerequisites to entering Brazil’s ruling establishment: a degree from a Brazilian public university. The second is what paradigm for interpreting race relations is most pertinent to the real situation in Brazil. Neste artigo discute-se o que está sob disputa na sociedade brasileira com a implementação do sistema de cotas para estudantes negros ingressarem nas universidades públicas b rasileiras. Levanta-se a hipótese de que há pelo menos duas disputas. A primeira é sobre quem poderá adquirir um dos pré-requisitos para aspirar fazer parte das elites dirigentes deste país: o diploma de uma universidade pública brasileira. A segunda disputa é sobre qual paradigma de interpretação das relações raciais é mais pertinente para a realidade brasileira.
Short-Selling Attacks and Creditor Runs
Authors: Liu Xuewen 
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the mechanism through which short selling of a bank's stocks can trigger the failure of the bank. In the model, creditors, who learn information from stock prices, will grow increasingly unsure about the bank's true fundamentals in facing noisier stock prices; thus a run on the bank is more likely because of creditors' concave payoff. Understanding this, speculators conduct short selling beforehand to amplify (il)liquidity and add noise to stock prices, triggering a bank run, and subsequently profit from the bank's failure. We show that short-selling attacks on a bank involve two runs: the aggressive run among speculators and the conservative run among creditors. These two runs interact and reinforce each other, with compound feedback loops that drastically increase the probability of the collapse of the bank. We discuss policy implications of the model. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Exploring the concept of quality care for the person who is dying
Authors: Stefanou Nichola , Faircloth Sandra 
Published: August 2014

The concept of good quality care for the patient who is dying is diverse and complex. Many of the actions that are being taken to increase the quality of care of the dying patient are based around outcome, uniformity of service and standardization of process. There are two main areas that are referred to when dealing with care of the dying patient; end-of-life care and palliative care. High quality end-of-life care is increasingly recognized as an ethical obligation of health-care providers, clinicians and organizations, and yet there appears little evidence from the patients’ perspective. There are many national and local initiatives taking place to improve the quality of care people receive towards the end of their life. This being said initiatives alone will not achieve good quality care and deliver good patient experiences. Only clinicians working at the front line can truly influence the way in which quality is improved and good experiences delivered.
Decision making within a community provider organization
Authors: Berggren Ingela , Carlstrom Eric 
Published: August 2014

Aim:To explore community nurses’ experiences of decision making within the community provider organization.Background:Recent changes in health care with an increasing number of patients being cared for outside of institutions can put considerable pressure on the nurse with respect to decision making.Methods:In-depth interviews were performed with 6 registered nurses in two communities. The interviews were analysed by means of phenomenological hermeneutics.Results:The community nurses’ experiences of decision making were interpreted as spiders or octopuses, consultants and troubleshooters. The subthemes were; networking and structuring, responsibility, availability and knowledge, assessment power, information selection, avoiding rules and bypassing managers. In accordance with hermeneutical phenomenology, the findings were discussed and explained with reference to Ofstad's philosophy of freedom to make decisions.Conclusion:In their decision making, community nurses are committed to finding administrative solutions that satisfy patient needs.