bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact high‐current diode laser nanosecond‐pulse source with high efficiency and 13 µJ output energy
Authors: Hoffmann Th. , Klehr A. , Liero A. , Erbert G. , Heinrich W. 
Published: December 2014

A compact gain‐switched nanosecond diode laser pulse source at 920 nm with an output energy of 13 µJ is presented. The developed nanosecond electronic driver is based on GaN transistors and controlled by transistor–transistor logic compatible input pulses. A peak current of more than 430 A for 20–50 ns‐long pulses with a repetition rate up to 100 kHz and an electrical efficiency of more than 50% is reached. About 50 ns optical pulses with a peak power of 250 W (13 µJ) are generated with a tapered ridge waveguide bar with 29 emitters. The rise and fall time of the pulses is about 13 ns.
High‐performance 4 × 4 intra prediction hardware for high‐efficiency video coding
Authors: Kang Youngsuk , Lee Eunchong , Kang Donggil , Hong Youpyo 
Published: December 2014

Intra mode prediction is extended in high‐efficiency video coding (HEVC) for a higher coding efficiency than that specified in the previous video coding standards such as H.264/AVC. Improved coding was achieved mainly due to the increased block partition possibilities and types of modes at the expense of an increased computational complexity. Efficient 4 × 4 intra prediction logic combined with transform logic for HEVC is presented. The proposed design enables 108 frames/s intra prediction for full HD video with reasonable logic size.
Low‐loss and polarisation‐insensitive interlayer coupler on three‐dimensional SiOx‐waveguide platform
Authors: Hiraki T. , Tsuchizawa T. , Nishi H. , Yamamoto T. , Yamada K. 
Published: December 2014

A low‐loss and polarisation‐insensitive vertical directional coupler that connects vertically stacked SiOx waveguides is reported. The fabrication process features the low‐temperature formation of an SiOx film to prevent thermal damage to the lower layer waveguides. Experimental results showed interlayer coupling losses of <0.1 dB in both transverse‐electric and transverse‐magnetic modes.
Performance of Archimedean spiral antenna backed by FSS reflector
Authors: Mohamad S. , Cahill R. , Fusco V. 
Published: December 2014

The use of a backing cavity composed of a frequency selective surface (FSS) above a metal plate as a means to suppress the back lobe radiation and increase the gain of an Archimedean spiral antenna that operates from 3 to 10 GHz is investigated. The FSS is designed to reflect signals in the upper band (7–10 GHz) with a loss of <0.25 dB, and allow transmission in the lower band (3–6 GHz). Good impedance match and bidirectional to unidirectional beam transformation is obtained when the FSS and metal plate are inserted at a distance λ/4 below the spiral at the centre of the upper and lower bands, respectively. Simulated and measured radiation patterns are employed to show the performance enhancement, which is attributed to the FSS reflector.
Broad beamwidth stacked patch antenna with wide circularly polarised bandwidth
Authors: Jiang Hao , Xue Zhenghui , Li Weiming , Ren Wu 
Published: December 2014

A broad beamwidth stacked patch antenna with wide circularly polarised (CP) bandwidth is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a stacked structure with a rectangular shell under its ground structure to obtain CP characteristics and wide beamwidth. The radiation quality is excellent over the entire upper hemisphere. The 3 dB beamwidth of the proposed antenna on 2.4 GHz is larger than 140°. Moreover, the CP bandwidth, determined from the 3 dB axial ratio, is found to be about 240 MHz. CP bandwidth of 10.2% and the impedance bandwidth of 52.8% centred on 2.4 GHz are obtained. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for wide angle scanning phased arrays.
Control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor with contra‐rotating rotors under unbalanced loads condition
Authors: Cheng Shuangyin , Luo Derong , Huang Shoudao , Chen Zhe , Huang Keyuan 
Published: December 2014

This study presents an investigation into the control of an axial‐flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with contra‐rotating rotors fed by a single inverter, which corresponds to two PMSM connected in series. In this study, the mathematic model of the PMSM with contra‐rotating rotors is developed and the instability of the system with unbalanced loads is analysed. Based on the analysis, a control strategy which can keep synchronism of the two rotors under varying load is implemented. In addition, a method for starting the motor reliably is proposed, which is applicable to ship or under water vehicle propulsions. The control strategy is implemented on a DSP 28335 processor featured hardware platform and is tested on a 1.2 kW prototype machine. Experimental results validate the correctness of the analysis and control strategy.
Stochastic channel model for simulation of mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Eriksson Gunnar , Fors Karina , Wiklundh Kia , Sterner Ulf 
Published: December 2014

Channel models, applicable to mobile ad hoc network (MANET) simulations, need to be both accurate and computationally efficient. It has been shown that inaccuracies in the channel model can seriously affect various network performance measures. It is essential that the model gives realistic time and spatial variability as the terminals move. Furthermore, the frequency selective effects from multipath propagation must be realistically modelled, so that the effects of different signalling bandwidths are captured correctly. However, to meet the necessary low‐complexity constraints current commonly used channel models for network simulations are very simplified. In this study, the authors propose a model structure that is able to capture the essence of the channel characteristics, and to cope with the constraint of low computational complexity. The model describes the channel time and frequency variability between nodes in a MANET. It models the large‐ and small‐scale fading, where the correlation between the fading parameters as well as the spatial correlation is considered. Furthermore, the study presents parameters for the proposed model based on wideband peer‐to‐peer channel measurements in an urban environment at 300 MHz. When analysing the link and network performance, they show that the proposed channel model describes the channel dynamics appropriately.
Free‐standing aluminium nanowire arrays for high‐transmission plasmonic colour filters
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Fukuhara Masashi , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki 
Published: December 2014

Presented is a fabrication process for the transmission of red–green–blue (RGB) colour filters based on surface plasmons (SPs) using aluminium (Al) nanowire arrays patterned through electron‐beam lithography and the lift‐off technique. An array of Al nanowires was deployed over a through hole formed by sacrificial silicon etching. The period of the Al nanowire arrays is the dominant structural parameter in determining the transmission peak position of SPs for a given material configuration. The Al nanowire arrays are designed with the same Al wire width under the assumption of operation using a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) comb‐drive actuator for the realisation of an RGB tunable colour filter. The peak wavelength of the transmitted light was red‐shifted by increasing the period of the Al nanowire arrays from 450 to 600 nm, and RGB colours were demonstrated. A black pixel was produced using the 400 nm pitch Al nanowire array. The maximum measured transmittance of the peak wavelength was 56%. In addition, the number of nanowires sufficient for low‐power operation by a MEMS comb‐drive actuator was investigated and sufficient transmission light intensity was obtained from the pixel size of 10 µm2, including 20 Al nanowires.
An automatic tool to analyze and cluster macromolecular conformations based on self-organizing maps
Authors: Bouvier Guillaume , Desdouits Nathan , Ferber Mathias , Blondel Arnaud , Nilges Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Sampling the conformational space of biological macromolecules generates large sets of data with considerable complexity. Data-mining techniques, such as clustering, can extract meaningful information. Among them, the self-organizing maps (SOMs) algorithm has shown great promise; in particular since its computation time rises only linearly with the size of the data set. Whereas SOMs are generally used with few neurons, we investigate here their behavior with large numbers of neurons.
Results: We present here a python library implementing the full SOM analysis workflow. Large SOMs can readily be applied on heavy data sets. Coupled with visualization tools they have very interesting properties. Descriptors for each conformation of a trajectory are calculated and mapped onto a 3D landscape, the U-matrix, reporting the distance between neighboring neurons. To delineate clusters, we developed the flooding algorithm, which hierarchically identifies local basins of the U-matrix from the global minimum to the maximum.
Availability and implementation: The python implementation of the SOM library is freely available on github: https://github.com/bougui505/SOM.
Contact: michael.nilges@pasteur.fr or guillaume.bouvier@pasteur.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modified screening and ranking algorithm for copy number variation detection
Authors: Xiao Feifei , Min Xiaoyi , Zhang Heping 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of structural variation, usually defined as genomic segments that are 1 kb or larger, which present variable copy numbers when compared with a reference genome. The screening and ranking algorithm (SaRa) was recently proposed as an efficient approach for multiple change-points detection, which can be applied to CNV detection. However, some practical issues arise from application of SaRa to single nucleotide polymorphism data.
Results: In this study, we propose a modified SaRa on CNV detection to address these issues. First, we use the quantile normalization on the original intensities to guarantee that the normal mean model-based SaRa is a robust method. Second, a novel normal mixture model coupled with a modified Bayesian information criterion is proposed for candidate change-point selection and further clustering the potential CNV segments to copy number states. Simulations revealed that the modified SaRa became a robust method for identifying change-points and achieved better performance than the circular binary segmentation (CBS) method. By applying the modified SaRa to real data from the HapMap project, we illustrated its performance on detecting CNV segments. In conclusion, our modified SaRa method improves SaRa theoretically and numerically, for identifying CNVs with high-throughput genotyping data.
Availability and Implementation: The modSaRa package is implemented in R program and freely available at http://c2s2.yale.edu/software/modSaRa.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long-term studies of Crozet Island killer whales are fundamental to understanding the economic and demographic consequences of their depredation behaviour on the Patagonian toothfish fishery
Authors: Guinet Christophe , Tixier Paul , Gasco Nicolas , Duhamel Guy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper provides a synthesis of results obtained as part of a long-term collaborative study involving biologists, fishers, and resource managers—centring on the occurrence of killer whales in the Crozet Archipelago before and after the implementation of a demersal longline fishery for Patagonian toothfish. Depredation behaviour was reported as soon as the fishery was initiated, with dramatic effects on both the demographic trajectories of the killer whales and on the amount of fish lost by the fishers. Killer whales interacting with the fishery exhibited very high mortality rates when illegal fishing took place, while killer whales not interacting were unaffected. However, after illegal fishing ended, killer whales interacting with the fishery exhibited both higher fecundity and survival rates compared with killer whales not interacting. Since whales typically removed fish entirely from the hooks, an adapted methodology that did not rely on determining the number of damaged fish was developed to estimate depredation rates. In the Crozet EEZ over a 10-year period, 33.9% of the total amount of Patagonian toothfish caught, representing a total of 28 million €, was estimated to be lost due to the combined effects of killer whale and sperm whale depredation. In an effort to reduce depredation losses, modifications to fishing methods, such as changing the fishing season, changing fishing areas when exposed to depredation and changing longline length and hauling speed were successfully tested. Acoustic deterrent devices were ineffective in deterring killer whales from depredating longlines. Alternative fishing gears, such as fish pots, were also tested. However, while providing encouraging results regarding the suppression of depredation and seabird bycatch, fish pots were not efficient enough to sustain an economically viable fishery. In conclusion, we discuss how the findings of this comprehensive study can be used elsewhere in fisheries confronted with depredation.
A novel model of predator–prey interactions reveals the sensitivity of forage fish: piscivore fishery trade-offs to ecological conditions
Authors: Essington Timothy E. , Baskett Marissa L. , Sanchirico James N. , Walters Carl 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEcosystem-based fisheries management seeks to consider trade-offs among management objectives for interacting species, such as those that arise through predator–prey linkages. In particular, fisheries-targeting forage fish (small and abundant pelagic fish) might have a detrimental effect on fisheries-targeting predators that consume them. However, complexities in ecological interactions might dampen, negate, or even reverse this trade-off, because small pelagic fish can be important predators on egg stages of piscivorous fish. Further, the strength of this trade-off might depend on the extent to which piscivorous fish targeted by fisheries regulate forage species productivity. Here, we developed a novel delay-differential bioeconomic model of predator–prey and fishing dynamics to quantify how much egg predation or weak top-town control affects the strength of trade-off between forage and piscivore fisheries, and to measure how ecological interactions dictate policies that maximize steady-state profits. We parameterized the model based on ecological and economic data from the North Sea Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). The optimal policy was very sensitive to the ecological interactions (either egg predation or weak top-down control of forage by predators) at relatively low forage prices but was less sensitive at high forage fish prices. However, the optimal equilibrium harvest rates on forage and piscivores were not substantially different from what might be derived through analyses that did not consider species interactions. Applying the optimal multispecies policy would produce substantial losses (&gt;25%) in profits in the piscivore fishery, and the extent of loss was sensitive to ecological scenarios. While our equilibrium analysis is informative, a dynamic analysis under similar ecological scenarios is necessary to reveal the full economic and ecological benefits of applying ecosystem-based fishery management policies to predator–prey fishery systems.
Testis-expressed cluster of microRNAs 959-964 controls spermatid differentiation inDrosophila
Authors: Ryazansky Sergei , Mikhaleva Elena , Akulenko Natalia , Olenkina Oxana 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs are a wide class of ∼22 nt non-coding RNAs of metazoans capable of inhibiting target mRNAs translation by binding to partially complementary sites in their 3’UTRs. Due to their regulatory potential, miRNAs are implicated in functioning of a broad range of biological pathways and processes. Here we investigate the functions of the miR-959-964 cluster expressed predominantly in testes ofDrosophila melanogaster. The deletion of miR-959-964 resulted in male sterility due to the disturbance of the spermatid individualization process. Analysis of the transcriptome by microarray followed by luciferase reporter assay revealeddidum, for, fdland CG10512 as the targets of miR-959-964. Moreover, the deletion of miR-959-964 is accompanied by a decreased the expression of genes responsible for microtubule-based movement and spermatid differentiation. Thus, we suggest that miR-959-964 can control the process of spermatid individualization by direct and indirect modulating the expression of different components of the individualization process. In addition, we have shown that in comparison to other miRNAs, the rate of evolution of the testis-specific miR-959-964 cluster is unusually high, indicating its possible involvement in speciation via reproductive isolation.
Genome-engineering with CRISPR-Cas9 in the mosquitoAedes aegypti
Authors: Kistler Kathryn E. , Vosshall Leslie B. , Matthews Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe mosquitoAedes aegyptiis a potent vector of the Chikungunya, yellow fever, and Dengue viruses, which result in hundreds of millions of infections and over 50,000 human deaths per year. Loss-of-function mutagenesis inAe. aegyptihas been established with TALENs, ZFNs, and homing endonucleases, which require the engineering of DNA-binding protein domains to generate target specificity for a particular stretch of genomic DNA. Here, we describe the first use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate targeted, site-specific mutations inAe. aegypti. CRISPR-Cas9 relies on RNA-DNA base-pairing to generate targeting specificity, resulting in cheaper, faster, and more flexible genome-editing reagents. We investigate the efficiency of reagent concentrations and compositions, demonstrate the ability of CRISPR-Cas9 to generate several different types of mutations via disparate repair mechanisms, and show that stable germ-line mutations can be readily generated at the vast majority of genomic loci tested. This work offers a detailed exploration into the optimal use of CRISPR-Cas9 inAe. aegyptithat should be applicable to non-model organisms previously out of reach of genetic modification.
A FISH-based chromosome map for the European corn borers yields insights into ancient chromosomal fusions in the silkworm
Authors: Yasukochi Yuji , Ohno Mizuki , Shibata Fukashi , Jouraku Akiya , Nakano Ryo , Ishikawa Yukio , Sahara Ken 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA significant feature of the genomes of Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, is the high conservation of chromosome organization. Recent remarkable progress in genome sequencing of Lepidoptera has revealed that syntenic gene order is extensively conserved across phylogenetically distant species. The ancestral karyotype of Lepidoptera is thought to ben= 31; however, that of the most well studied moth,Bombyx mori, isn= 28, suggesting that three chromosomal fusion events occurred in this lineage. To identify the boundaries between predicted ancient fusions involvingB. morichromosomes 11, 23 and 24, we constructed FISELbased chromosome maps of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(n= 31). We first determined 511 Mb genomic sequence of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis, a congener ofO. nubilalis, and isolated BAC and fosmid clones that were expected to localize in candidate regions for the boundaries using these sequences. Combined with FISH and genetic analysis, we narrowed down the candidate regions to 40kb – 1.5Mb, in strong agreement with a previous estimate based on the genome of a butterfly,Melitaea cinxia. The significant difference in the lengths of the candidate regions where no functional genes were observed may reflect the evolutionary time after fusion events.
Getting a low-paid job in French and UK supermarkets: from walk-in to online application?
Authors: Rieucau Geraldine 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the recruitment practices of the French and UK retail industry. It analyses the influence of specific business constraints, labour market institutions and employment patterns on recruitment practices. It devotes attention to incidences of the shift from classic to web-based hiring methods.

Design/methodology/approach
– The cases of two leading food retail chains are explored. This research draws on a mixed approach using semi-structured interviews, the analysis of online job-advertisement content and web sites.

Findings
– According to the literature, local and informal hiring channels (walk-in application, word-of-mouth, in-store adverts) are mainly used to fill low-paid vacancies in food retail chains. They are congruent with the key screening criteria as they allow face-to-face selection and provide candidates from the surrounding area. However, the food retail chains in this research have implemented a centralised and at-a-distance process which contrasts with the classic methods. Based on an “Internet-only scheme” and online testing, it is especially selective in the UK.

Research limitations/implications
– The number of semi-structured interviews is limited. Additional investigations are needed to evaluate whether the at-a-distance processes are isolated or whether they reflect growing practices.

Practical implications
– Retail food employers have to maintain a diversity of local hiring channels and not to indiscriminately embrace the at-a-distance scheme, which is not adapted to evaluate the key requirements.

Social implications
– A centralised and at-a-distance recruitment process decreases unfair face-to-face discrimination in selection but at the same time introduces indirect discrimination. This process may be interpreted as a way to target students; there is a risk that it exacerbates inequalities in low-wage labour markets.

Originality/value
– The topic is poorly explored. There is a need to understand web-based recruitment.
Effects of starvation and hormones on DNA synthesis in silk gland cells of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Li Yao‐Feng , Chen Xiang‐Yun , Zhang Chun‐Dong , Tang Xiao‐Fang , Wang La , Liu Tai‐Hang , Pan Min‐Hui , Lu Cheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSilk gland cells of silkworm larvae undergo multiple cycles of endomitosis for the synthesis of silk proteins during the spinning phase. In this paper, we analyzed the endomitotic DNA synthesis of silk gland cells during larval development, and found that it was a periodic fluctuation, increasing during the vigorous feeding phase and being gradually inhibited in the next molting phase. That means it might be activated by a self‐regulating process after molting. The expression levels of cyclin E, cdt1 and pcna were consistent with these developmental changes. Moreover, we further examined whether these changes in endomitotic DNA synthesis resulted from feeding or hormonal stimulation. The results showed that DNA synthesis could be inhibited by starvation and re‐activated by re‐feeding, and therefore appears to be dependent on nutrition. DNA synthesis was suppressed by in vivo treatment with 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). However, there was no effect on DNA synthesis by in vitro 20E treatment or by either in vivo or in vitro juvenile hormone treatment. The levels of Akt and 4E‐BP phosphorylation in the silk glands were also reduced by starvation and in vivo treatment with 20E. These results indicate that the activation of endomitotic DNA synthesis during the intermolt stages is related to feeding and DNA synthesis is inhibited indirectly by 20E.