bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiral colon impaction in juvenile alpacas: 12 cases (2006–2010)
Authors: Hart James C. A. , Burton Alexandra J. , Pinn Toby L. , Fubini Susan L. , Dawson Dominic R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe clinical signs and treatment outcomes for juvenile alpacas with spiral colon impaction (SCI).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—12 juvenile (< 6 months old) camelids with SCI.
Procedures—Crias with SCI were identified by searching the medical records database of the Cornell University Equine and Farm Animal Hospital. A keyword-based search method was used. Inclusion required confirmation of SCI on the basis of surgical or necropsy findings. History, signalment, examination findings, diagnostic test results, medical treatments, and surgical reports as well as short- and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Peritoneal fluid parameters were compared with those of age-matched comparison crias in which SCI was suspected but ruled out at necropsy or exploratory celiotomy.
Results—12 crias with confirmed SCI were identified. Common clinical signs included lethargy and diarrhea. Abdominal distention was observed in 9 crias. In 3 crias, a mass in the region of the spiral colon was palpated. Seven crias underwent peritoneal fluid analysis; compared with age-matched comparison crias, SCI-affected crias had higher peritoneal fluid nucleated cell counts and nucleated cell count-to-total protein concentration ratios. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed in 9 crias; 7 underwent an enterotomy, and 2 underwent transmural infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution with manual breakdown of ingesta; 3 of these crias survived for at least 6 months.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Crias with SCI that were not resolved by medical management had a poor prognosis. During celiotomy, transmural infusion of saline solution with manual breakdown of ingesta provided a less invasive alternative to enterotomy.
Neurophysiological evaluation in newly diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus type 1
Authors: Matanovic Dragana , Popovic Srdjan , Parapid Biljana , Petronic Ivana , Nikolic Dejan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on nerve conduction in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 1, and to investigate the significance of early electrophysiological diagnostics in these patients. The study included 85 newly disclosed patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in the first three months after the disease. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of further nerves were evaluated: median, peroneal, tibial and sural nerve as well as late responses (F-wave and H-reflex). Metabolic control parameters that were evaluated included: glycemia rate on the day of investigation and HbA1c. All patients had poor metabolic control parameters. We found NCV slowing predominantly in the tibial nerve (in 82.4% of patients). Prolonged F-wave latency was disclosed in 72.9% of patients, while H-reflex was evoked in 27.1% of patients only. The most sensitive parameter in the early neurophysiologic diagnostics was the measurement of F-wave latency. Our study underline the significance of early neurophysiological diagnosis, since hyperglycemia can play an acute role in NCV slowing, despite the absence of clinical symptoms, particularly in the first three months after the diagnosis has been confirmed.
The helminth infracommunities of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) two years after the fire in Mediterranean forests
Authors: Torre I. , Arrizabalaga A. , Feliu C. , Ribas A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Parasites have been recognized as indicators for natural or man-induced environmental stress and perturbation. In this article, we investigated the role of two non-exclusive hypotheses on the response of helminths of wood mice to fire perturbation: 1) a reduction of the helminth infracommunity (species richness) in post-fire areas due to the temporal lack of worms with indirect (complex) life cycles linked to intermediate hosts that are more specialized than the final host, and 2) an increase of the abundance of helminths with direct (simple) life cycles as a response of increasing abundances of the final host, may be in stressful conditions linked to the post-fire recolonization process.
We studied the helminth infracommunities of 97 wood mice in two recently burned plots (two years after the fire) and two control plots in Mediterranean forests of NE Spain. Species richness of helminths found in control plots (n = 14) was twice large than in burned ones (n = 7). Six helminth species were negatively affected by fire perturbation and were mainly or only found in unburned plots. Fire increased the homogeneity of helminth infracommunities, and burned plots were characterised by higher dominance, and higher parasitation intensity. We found a gradient of frequency of occurrence of helminth species according to life cycle complexity in burned areas, being more frequent monoxenous (66.6 %), than diheteroxenous (33.3 %) and triheteroxenous (0 %), confirming the utility of helminths as bioindicators for ecosystem perturbations. Despite the short period studied, our results pointed out an increase in the abundance and prevalence of some direct life cycle helminths in early postfire stages, whereas indirect life cycle helminths were almost absent. A mismatch between the final host (that showed a fast recovery shortly after the fire), and the intermediate hosts (that showed slow recoveries shortly after the fire), was responsible for the loss of half of the helminth species.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Gordionus alpestris (Nematomorpha) from the North-West Caucasus, Russia
Authors: Spiridonov S. , Schmatko V. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
During the survey of Pachyiulus krivolutskyi Golovatch, 1977 (Diplopoda) near Nickel’ in Adygei Republic (Russia) in the summer 2009 the infestation of these millipeds with nematomorphs of the species Gordionus alpestris was revealed. The morphology of naturally emerging nematomorphs was studied in SEM. The partial sequences of 18S (883 bp) and 28S (393 bp) rDNA PCR-products were obtained and analyzed. An unexpectedly high level of differences between Gordionus alpestris found in diplopods of North-West Caucasus and other molecularly studied representatives of the family Chordodidae was observed.
Reinvestigation of vitellogenesis in Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea, Caryophyllaeidae), monozoic tapeworm of Abramis brama (Pisces, Teleostei)
Authors: Bruňanská M. , Drobníková P. , Mackiewicz J. , Nebesářová J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Reinvestigation of vitellogenesis in the caryophyllidean cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) has been performed using light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) for glycogen. Vitellogenesis is generally similar to that reported in the past, however, some new observations were made. The present study reveals the first evidence of: (i) interstitial tissue in the vitelline follicles, (ii) lipid droplets in maturing and mature vitellocytes from vitelline follicles, and (iii) lamellar bodies in vitellocytes from the vitelloduct in C. laticeps. Projections of interstitial tissue surround each vitellocyte and the follicle periphery. The perinuclear cytoplasm of the interstitial tissue contains granular endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles of various size and density. Cytoplasmic osmiophobic lipid droplets and lamellar bodies, previously believed to be absent in most caryophyllid cestodes, are readily apparent in vitellocytes of C. laticeps. The origin and presumed function of these inclusions are discussed. On the other hand, the formation and storage of massive amounts of glycogen in the nucleus and large amounts in the cytoplasm of mature vitelline cells are similar to the condition found in other caryophyllids. Results are compared and contrasted with previous studies on vitellogenesis in other monopleuroid cestodes (Amphilinidea and Gyrocotylidea) as well as polypleuroid cestodes (Spathebothriidea) and the remaining strobilated Eucestoda.
Learning a DFT-based sequence with reinforcement learning: a NAO implementation
Authors: Durán Boris , Lee Gauss , Lowe Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe implementation of sequence learning in robotic platforms offers several challenges. Deciding when to stop one action and continue to the next requires a balance between stability of sensory information and, of course, the knowledge about what action is required next. The work presented here proposes a starting point for the successful execution and learning of dynamic sequences. Making use of the NAO humanoid platform we propose a mathematical model based on dynamic field theory and reinforcement learning methods for obtaining and performing a sequence of elementary motor behaviors. Results from the comparison of two reinforcement learning methods applied to sequence generation, for both simulation and implementation, are provided.
What's in a Name? Using Movement System Diagnoses Versus Pathoanatomic Diagnoses
Authors: Ludewig Paula M. , Lawrence Rebekah L. , Braman Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2013

In this issue of JOSPT, the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association introduces the first of its shoulder clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), titled “Shoulder Pain and Mobility Deficits: Adhesive Capsulitis.” This CPG, as well as the collection of Orthopaedic Section CPGs previously published in JOSPT, use long diagnostic labels to identify the underlying clinical conditions. Author Paula M. Ludewig discusses the merits of using these movement system diagnostic labels rather than shorter pathoanatomic labels, which create a disconnect between diagnostic and treatment processes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):280–283. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0104
Rates and determinants of ventriculostomy-related infections during a hospital transition to use of antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains
Authors: Wright Kelly , Young Polly , Brickman Cristina , Sam Teena , Badjatia Neeraj , Pereira Marcus , Connolly E. Sander , Yin Michael T. 
Published: May 2013

Object
The authors evaluated the rates of ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs) after antibiotic-coated extraventricular drains (ac-EVDs) were introduced as the standard of care.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients admitted to NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital neurological intensive care unit in whom an EVD was placed between February 2007 and November 2009, excluding individuals receiving EVDs due to an infection of a primary device. Three time periods were defined depending on type of EVD in use: Period 1, conventional EVDs; Period 2, either ac-EVDs or conventional EVDs; and Period 3, ac-EVDs. Definite/probable VRIs that occurred during the 3 periods were evaluated and established as determinants of VRIs by using a Cox proportional hazards model. Prolonged systemic antibiotics were given for the duration of EVD placement in each of the 3 periods per institutional policy.

Results
Data from 141 individuals were evaluated; mean patient age was 53.8 ± 17.2 years and 54% were female. There were 2 definite and 19 probable VRIs. The incidence of definite/probable VRI (per 1000 person-catheter days) decreased from Period 1 to 3 (24.5, 16.2, and 4.4 in Periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p < 0.0001). Patients with VRIs were more likely to be female than male (23.7% vs 3.1%, p < 0.003) and have had an EVD in place for a longer duration, although there was no significant difference among the 3 periods (7.9 ± 6.7 [Period 1], 8.1 ± 7.1 [Period 2], and 8.6 ± 5.8 [Period 3] mean days; p = 0.87, ANOVA). Analysis of effect modification in a stepwise model showed that period, age, and age and female interaction were significant predictors of VRIs. The period was the strongest predictor of VRI (p = 0.0075). After adjustment for age and age and sex interaction, the survival rate was 53% at the end of Period 2 and 91% at the end of Period 3.

Conclusions
Rates of VRIs have decreased with the addition of ac-EVDs to the routine use of prolonged systemic antibiotics at the authors' institution.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy without clot evacuation in dominant-sided intracerebral hemorrhage with ICP crisis
Authors: Heuts Simon G. , Bruce Samuel S. , Zacharia Brad E. , Hickman Zachary L. , Kellner Christopher P. , Sussman Eric S. , McDowell Michael M. , Bruce Rachel A. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: May 2013

Object
Large intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), compounded by perihematomal edema, can produce severe elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP). Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) with or without clot evacuation has been considered a part of the armamentarium of treatment options for these patients. The authors sought to assess the preliminary utility of DHC without evacuation for ICH in patients with supratentorial, dominant-sided lesions.

Methods
From September 2009 to May 2012, patients with ICH who were admitted to the neurological ICU at Columbia University Medical Center were prospectively enrolled in that institution's ICH Outcomes Project (ICHOP). Five patients with spontaneous supratentorial dominant-sided ICH underwent DHC without clot evacuation for recalcitrant elevated ICP. Data pertaining to the patients' characteristics and outcomes of treatment were prospectively collected.

Results
The patients' median age was 43 years (range 30–55 years) and the ICH etiology was hypertension in 4 of 5 patients, and systemic lupus erythematosus vasculitis in 1 patient. On admission, the median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 7 (range 5–9). The median ICH volume was 53 cm3 (range 28–79 cm3), and the median midline shift was 7.6 mm (range 3.0–11.3 mm). One day after surgery, the median decrease in midline shift was 2.7 mm (range 1.5–4.6 mm), and the median change in GCS score was +1 (range −3 to +5). At discharge, all patients were still alive, and the median GCS score was 10 (range 9–11), the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 5 (range 5–5), and the median NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score was 22 (range 17–27). Six months after hemorrhage, 1 patient had died, 2 were functionally dependent (mRS Score 4–5), and 2 were functionally independent (mRS Score 0–3). Outcomes for the patients treated with DHC were good compared with 1) outcomes for all patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH admitted during the same period (n = 144) and 2) outcomes for matched patients (dominant ICH, GCS Score 5–9, ICH volume 28–79 cm3, age < 60 years) whose cases were managed nonoperatively (n = 5).

Conclusions
Decompressive hemicraniectomy without clot evacuation appears feasible in patients with large ICH and deserves further investigation, preferably in a randomized controlled setting.
Mortality Rate of Fish Seeds (<i>Labeo rohita</i>) During Traditional Transportation System in the Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. N. , Hossain M. A. 
Published: May 2013

This investigation deals with the mortality rate of fish seeds (Labeo rohita) during traditional transportation system; to evaluate the effects of loading density with time scale under different water medium; temperature effect with relation to fry size and oxygen consumption; and the effect of saline water bath before transportation. Mortality rates were significantly increased with time scale and loading density under different water medium. Higher mortality was observed at 400 g L-1 loading density (river water 82%, pond water 70% and tubewell water 67.5%) than at 200 g L-1 and 300 g L-1 loading density after 24h. Oxygen consumption rate increased signi?cantly with increasing temperature and decreased significantly with increasing fry body weight. Therefore, mortality rate could decrease (22%) if fish fry are bathed in saline water before journey and tubewell water can be use as a medium for long distance transportation.Keywords: Mortality; Fish seeds; Oxygen consumption; Transportation.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.10572 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 383-392 (2013)
Semi-Image Neighborhood Block Graphs with Crossing Numbers
Authors: Niranjan K. M. , Nagaraja P. , V Lokesh 
Published: May 2013

The advent of graph theory has played a prominent role in wide variety of engineering applications. Minimization of crossing numbers in graphs optimizes its use in many applications. In this paper, we establish the necessary and sufficient condition for Semi-Image neighborhood block graph to have crossing number 3. We also prove that the Semi-Image neighborhood block graph NBI(G) of a graph never has crossing numbers k, where 1 ? k ? 6.Keywords: Semi-Image; Neighborhood block; Crossing numbers.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11019 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 295-299 (2013)
Evaluation of Watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) Juice Preserved with Chemical Preservatives at Refrigeration Temperature
Authors: Alam M. K. , Hoque M. M. , Morshed S. , Akter F. , Sharmin K. N. 
Published: May 2013

This study was done to analyze the effect of chemical preservatives on watermelon juice. Ten different samples of pasteurized watermelon juices with different chemical preservatives, termed as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10 , were made which were stored at 4 - 15°C for three months. T1 and T2 were rejected soon due to spoilage. pH decreased from 5.094 to 4.017 and minimum pH content was reduced in T10 (7.87%), while maximum in T1 (57.55%). The total soluble solids (TSS) increased from 17.460% to 18.980% with maximum in T1 (51.67%) and minimum in T7 (4.88%). Reducing sugar was increased from 15.650 to 17.500% with maximum in T10 (18.22%) and minimum in T2 (5.90%). Minimum microbial load was observed in T10 (0.20cfu/ml) and maximum in T1 (>24 cfu/ml) in case of coliforms; minimum in T10 (78×105 cfu/ml) and maximum in T1 (258×105 cfu/ml) in case of total viable bacteria and same results (minimum in T10 and maximum in T1) were shown in case of fungal count. E.coli was found in T1, T2, T3 and T4 and some bacteria was found in SS agar (especially Salmonella) in T1, T2, T3 and T5. Among all the treated juice samples T10 was most effective in maintaining the sensory and nutritional quality during storage.Keywords: © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.12181 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 407-414 (2013)
Phytochemical Screening and Anti-microbial Activity Studies on <i>Leea macrophylla</i> Seed Extracts
Authors: Islam M. B. , Sarkar M. M. H. , Shafique M. Z. , Jalil M. A. , Haque M. Z. , Amin R. 
Published: May 2013

Seed extracts of medicinal plants Leea macrophylla were investigated for phytochemical as well as antibacterial screening. Phytochemical studies of the plant extracts revealed the presence of phenolic, saponin, glycosides, carbohydrate and protein types of compounds. The antibacterial effects of the plant extracts were also tested against several human multi-drug resistant pathogens, including one gram positive and three gram negative bacterial species and one fungal species using the disc-diffusion assay. All the plant extracts showed potent anti-microbial effects against gram positive micro-organism (inhibition zone 7-19 mm) whereas none of the extracts produced any potent anti-microbial effects against gram negative bacteria. Furthermore, it has been shown that the extracts exhibit antifungal activities against candida albicans except the extract n-hexane.Keywords: Leea macrophylla; Phytochemical screening; Anti-microbial activity.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.13213 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 399-405 (2013)
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Elephant Foot Yam (<i>Amorphophallus campanulatus</i> Bl.)
Authors: Paul K. K. , Miah M. A. B. 
Published: May 2013

An investigation has been made to characterize the local accessions of Elephant foot yam collected from thirteen aroid growing districts and in-depth study on genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient for plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf area index, corm length, corm breadth, corm weight, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, cormel weight and yield per plant has also been carried out. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances, which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic origin. High heritability with high genetic advance in percentage of mean was also observed for all characters. In the correlation study plant height, leaf area index, corm length, corm breadth, corm weight, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breath showed positive correlation with yield per plant in genotypic and phenotypic level. Leaf area index, cormel number in phenotypically and cormel number in genotypic level showed relatively high positive direct effect on yield per plant.Keywords: Amorphophallus; Genetic variability; Correlation; Path coefficient.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.13853 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 371-381 (2013)
Random Walks in Degenerate Random Environments
Authors: Holmes Mark , Salisbury Thomas S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour of random walks in i.i.d. random environments on . The environments need not be elliptic, so some steps may not be available to the random walker. We prove a monotonicity result for the velocity (when it exists) for any 2-valued environment, and show that this does not hold for 3-valued environments without additional assumptions. We give a proof of directional transience and the existence of positive speeds under strong but non-trivial conditions on the distribution of the environment. Our results include generalisations (to the non-elliptic setting) of 0-1 laws for directional transience and, in 2-dimensions, the existence of a deterministic limiting velocity.
Camina Triples
Authors: Mlaiki Nabil M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study Camina triples. Camina triples are a generalization of Camina pairs, first introduced in 1978 by A. R. Camina. Camina’s work was inspired by the study of Frobenius groups. We show that if (G, N, M) is a Camina triple, then either G/N is a p-group, or M is abelian, or M has a non-trivial nilpotent or Frobenius quotient.