bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Discharge Medication Service on an Acute Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Tomko John R. , Ahmed Nadeem , Mukherjee Koushik , Roma Rebecca S. , DiLucente Donna , Orchowski Karen 
Published: April 2013

Background Nonadherence with medication is a major factor that influences acute psychiatric hospital readmission. Pharmacists can positively influence rapid psychiatric readmission due to nonadherence by counseling patients and providing filled prescriptions on discharge. Objective This study is a retrospective evaluation of a pharmacist-driven discharge medication service for hospitalized psychiatric patients. Measured outcomes include a comparison of rapid readmissions pre and post implementation. Rapid readmissions between the concurrent study group and excluded group were also compared. Methods From October 2010 to November 2011, home-destined subjects being discharged from the hospital's behavioral health unit were provided filled psychiatric prescriptions for self-administration upon discharge, coupled with medication counseling. A series of statistical comparisons were made between the 2 prior years' overall rapid readmissions. This was subsequently compared with the overall rapid readmission rate during the study year. The study group's rapid readmissions were then compared to the overall rapid readmission rate of the study year as well as to the concurrent excluded group. Results Thirty-day hospital readmissions were found to be significantly decreased in studied subjects compared to total rapid readmissions during the previous year ( P = .004) and to the excluded group ( P = .020). Conclusion Immediate availability of prescriptions upon discharge, coupled with development of therapeutic alliances with patients, removes some of the barriers to patient medication adherence in the discharged, acute psychiatric patient. The program provided positive outcomes with regard to decreased frequent, rapid readmission to the acute care psychiatric unit due to medication nonadherence.
An Integrated Approach To Design Completions for Horizontal Wells for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Jain R.. , Syal S.. , Long T.. , Wattenbarger C.. , Kosik I.. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
This paper presents a comprehensive and integrated workflow to design completions for a heavy-oil recovery process that involves injection and production through the same well. Unlike in traditional completion design, the transient effects are particularly important to consider while analyzing the long-term performance for these types of completions to capture the effect of variations or uncertainties in reservoir and fluid-flow characteristics over time. The proposed integrated workflow involves initial screening and selection of flow-restricting completions that can meet the desired injection and production performance based on a detailed wellbore hydraulics modeling tool. A select few completions are then analyzed for longer-term performance using a reservoir simulator that couples the flow-restricting nature of completions with flow in the reservoir. The use of best-in-art wellbore hydraulics model and reservoir simulator in a staged process yields an effective way to assess and optimize the completion design for these wells in a reduced time span. The workflow disclosed here can be used to design effective completions for a broad class of cyclic liquid-injection methods for heavy-oil resources.
Nature's Sunshine Products: Anatomy of an FCPA Failure
Authors: Hermanson Heather M. , Gramling Audrey A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:
Recently, Walmart and several other large corporations have faced allegations of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations, subjecting the companies to large fines and stock price declines. This instructional assignment introduces students to the FCPA and provides an illustration of FCPA compliance problems at Nature's Sunshine Products (Nature's). Students will (1) discuss the development, requirements, and importance of the FCPA; and (2) identify red flags at Nature's suggestive of FCPA noncompliance. This instructional assignment also includes a supplemental requirement whereby students are asked to identify ways that internal auditors could have assisted Nature's in achieving FCPA compliance. This instructional resource, which could be used in undergraduate or graduate external or internal auditing courses or in managerial or forensics courses, provides instructors with a resource for integrating real-world problems involving international business issues into the course curriculum.
Ethics of Relationships between Accounting Academics and External Sponsors
Authors: Mintz Steven M. , Dang Li , Savage Arline 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:
A variety of relationships can develop between accounting academics, academic units, and external sponsors that raise issues of ethical propriety. External donors may seek to influence academic decisions by applying pressure on recipients to gain favored treatment. We believe these types of situations are on the rise because of increased commercialization of universities. In this study, we examine relationships between accounting academics and external sponsors that challenge academic independence because of conflicts of interest when donors seek to impose conditions on financial support. We solicit the opinions of academic accountants about how likely they are to go along with the conditions. We link these activities to the following ethical issues: fair-mindedness, objectivity, and integrity. We conclude that the more experienced accounting academics (i.e., full professors, current chairs, holders of endowed chairs, and designated faculty fellows) are less likely to engage in ethically questionable relationships with external sponsors than academics who are less experienced. The results are driven primarily by two cases: allowing a Big 4 CPA firm to interview students before other firms as a condition of continued recruiting, and allowing a firm to decide on the recipient of a named faculty fellowship.
Synthesis and characterisation of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes of furfural derived from aroylhydrazones bearing aliphatic groups and their interactions with DNA
Authors: Gokce Cansu , Gup Ramazan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo new Schiff base-hydrazones bearing furan ring, (Z)-4-butoxy-N′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (IV) and (Z)-N′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)-4-(hexyloxy)benzohydrazide (V), as well as their Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesised and characterised. The DNA-binding and DNA-cleavage activities of both aroylhydrazone ligands and their transition metal complexes were examined using UV-VIS titration and agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of an oxidative agent (H2O2). The results indicate that the copper complexes bind significantly to calf thymus DNA and effectively cleave pBR322 DNA whereas the nickel and zinc complexes interact slightly with DNA.
Neglect in Children
Authors: Dubowitz Howard 
Published: April 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Learn how to manage the complexities of defining neglect in children.

2.
Examine the multiple contributors to neglect.

3.
Understand principles for effectively intervening in a child neglect situation.

Child neglect is by far the most common form of child maltreatment. Approximately two-thirds of reports to child protective services involve neglect.
1
Per a community survey in 2006, the frequency of neglect is 30.6 per 1,000 children, with lower rates of 6.5, 2.4, and 4.1 for physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, respectively.
2
Influence of the Reference Surface Shape for Discriminating Between Normal Corneas, Subclinical Keratoconus, and Keratoconus
Authors: Smadja David , Santhiago Marcony R. , Mello Glauco R. , Krueger Ronald R. , Colin Joseph , Touboul David 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To compare the discriminating ability of corneal elevation generated by a dual Scheimpflug analyzer calculated with different reference surfaces for distinguishing normal corneas from those with keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus.

METHODS:
A total of 391 eyes of 208 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: 167 eyes of 113 patients with keratoconus, 47 contralateral topographically normal eyes of patients with clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye, and 177 eyes of 95 refractive surgery candidates with normal corneas. All eyes were measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer (GALILEI Analyzer; Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Port, Switzerland). Maximum elevation values were recorded within the central 5-mm diameter in both anterior and posterior elevation maps. Discriminating ability of corneal elevation measurements obtained by best-fit toric and aspheric (BFTA) and best-fit sphere (BFS) reference surfaces were compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS:

ROC curve analysis showed that corneal elevation measured by BFTA had a significantly better ability than with BFS for distinguishing normal corneas from those with keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus (
P
= .01). Posterior elevation measured by BFTA had a significantly higher predictive accuracy for forme fruste keratoconus than anterior elevation with an area under ROC curves of 0.88 and 0.80, respectively (
P
= .01). The sensitivity and specificity achieved with the maximum posterior elevation for detecting keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus were 99% and 99% for keratoconus and 82% and 80% for forme fruste keratoconus with the cut-off value at 16 and 13
μ
m, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ability to discriminate between normal cornea and forme fruste keratoconus with elevation parameters was significantly improved by using BFTA instead of BFS reference surface.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(4):274–281.]
Targeted Inhibition of Serotonin Type 7 (5-HT7) Receptor Function Modulates Immune Responses and Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Kim Janice J. , Bridle Byram W. , Ghia Jean-Eric , Wang Huaqing , Syed Shahzad N. , Manocha Marcus M. , Rengasamy Palanivel , Shajib Mohammad Sharif , Wan Yonghong , Hedlund Peter B. , Khan Waliul I. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Mucosal inflammation in conditions ranging from infective acute enteritis or colitis to inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by alteration in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) content in the gut. Recently, we have identified an important role of 5-HT in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis. 5-HT type 7 (5-HT7) receptor is one of the most recently identified members of the 5-HT receptor family, and dendritic cells express this receptor. In this study, we investigated the effect of blocking 5-HT7 receptor signaling in experimental colitis with a view to develop an improved therapeutic strategy in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) in mice treated with selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970, as well as in mice lacking 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7−/−) and irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells harvested from 5-HT7−/− mice. Inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling with SB-269970 ameliorated both acute and chronic colitis induced by DSS. Treatment with SB-269970 resulted in lower clinical disease, histological damage, and proinflammatory cytokine levels compared with vehicle-treated mice post-DSS. Colitis severity was significantly lower in 5-HT7−/− mice and in mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells from 5-HT7−/− mice compared with control mice after DSS colitis. 5-HT7−/− mice also had significantly reduced DNBS-induced colitis. These observations provide us with novel information on the critical role of the 5-HT7 receptor in immune response and inflammation in the gut, and highlight the potential benefit of targeting this receptor to alleviate the severity of intestinal inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Solution‐pH‐Modulated Rectification of Ionic Current in Highly Ordered Nanochannel Arrays Patterned with Chemical Functional Groups at Designed Positions
Authors: Li Cheng‐Yong , Ma Feng‐Xiang , Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Gao Hong‐Li , Shao Wen‐Ting , Wang Kang , Xia Xing‐Hua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new ionic current rectification device responsive to a broad range of pH stimuli is established using highly ordered nanochannels of porous anodic alumina membrane with abrupt surface charge discontinuity. The asymmetric surface charge distribution is achieved by patterning the nanochannels with surface amine functional groups at designed positions using a two‐step anodization process. Due to the protonation/deprotonation of the patterned amine and the remaining intrinsic hydroxyl groups upon solution pH variation, the nanochannel‐array‐based device is able to regulate ion transport selectivity and has ionic current rectification properties. The rectification ratio of the device is mainly determined by the nanochannel size, and the rectification ratio is less sensitive to the patterned length of the amine groups when the nanochannels size is defined. Thus, the isoelectric point of nanochannels can be easily estimated to be the pH value with a unit rectification ratio. The present ionic device is promising for biosensing, molecular transport and separation, and drug delivery in confined environments.
Microevolution, migration, and the population structure of five Amerindian populations from Nicaragua and Costa Rica
Authors: Melton Phillip E. , Baldi Norberto F. , Barrantes Ramiro , Crawford Michael H. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis research examines the coevolution of languages and uniparental genetic marker (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and nonrecombining Y‐chromosome [NRY]) variation within five Lower Central American (Rama, Chorotega, Maléku, Zapatón‐Huetar, and Abrojo‐Guaymí) Amerindian groups. This pattern occurred since European contact.MethodsWe examined mtDNA sequence variation from the hypervariable region 1 (HVS‐1) and NRY genetic variation using short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS439) and NRY haplogroups (Q1a3a, Q1a3*, C3b, R1b1b2, E1b1, G2a2, and I) identified through single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analysis included multidimensional scaling (MDS), heterozygosity versus rii, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).ResultsEighteen mtDNA haplotypes were characterized in 131 participants with 94.6% of these assigned to the Amerindian mtDNA subclades, A2 and B2. The Amerindian NRY haplogroup, Q1a3a, was present in all five groups and ranged from 85% (Zapatón‐Huetar) to 35% (Chorotega). Four populations (Rama, Chorotega, Zapatón‐Huetar, and Abrojo‐Guaymí) were also characterized by the presence of NRY haplogroup R1b1b2 indicative of western European admixture. Seventy NRY STR haplotypes were identified of which 69 (97%) were population specific. MDS plots demonstrated genetic similarities between Mesoamericans and northern Chibchan Amerindian populations, absent in mtDNA analyses, which is further supported by heterozygosity versus rii results.ConclusionsWe conclude that although these linguistically related populations in geographic proximity demonstrate a high degree of paternal genetic differentiation, recent demographic events have dramatically altered the paternal genetic structure of the regions Amerindian populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:480–490, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of natural CaO–MgO sorbent for CO2 capture
Authors: Yang Xinfang , Zhao Lifeng , Yang Shaojun , Xiao Yunhan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe cyclic CO2 capture activity of natural CaO–MgO sorbents derived from dolomite or limestone with different MgO contents has been investigated on a TGA, with the consideration of the influence of H2O during the carbonation and calcination. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the brunauer emmett teller (BET) were used to characterize the fresh and used CaO–MgO sorbents. The results have indicated that the natural CaO–MgO sorbent with MgO content of 31.5%–38.7% should be good to improve the cyclic capture activity of CaO. The CaO–MgO sorbent has the best cyclic activity when H2O is present during both carbonation and calcination. H2O changes the sorbent morphology producing bigger particles and pores for the sintering during calcination but makes the sorbent have more stable surface area for the taking palace of the fast kinetic carbonation reaction. Besides, H2O decreases the product layer diffusion resistance and increases the reaction rate during the transition and the product layer diffusion control stage. After sorbent sinters during the reaction cycles, the H2O‐improving effect becomes more obvious as the MgO content increases. The results indicate the potential of the natural CaO–MgO sorbent with proper MgO content for cyclic CO2 capture in the presence H2O. Copyright © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A concise review of HPLC, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods for determination of azithromycin in various biological matrices
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAzithromycin is one of the best selling antibiotics in the world. It belongs to the new macrolide family of azalides. It is derived from erythromycin and it differs from erythromycin in having a 15‐membered ring and a methyl substituted nitrogen inserted at the 9a position in the aglycone ring. This structural modification confers favourable microbiological and pharmacokinetic characteristics on azithromycin and greater acid stability compared with erythromycin. It is mainly used to treat respiratory infections, sexually transmitted diseases, cutaneous and soft‐tissue infections, etc. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various HPLC, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods for quantitation of azithromycin in different biological matrices. In addition, it provides general information on extraction steps, internal standard selection, conditions for chromatographic separation, brief validation data and applicable conclusions for reported methods in a defined pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Enantioselective Aldol Reactions between Acetaldehyde and Activated Acyclic Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Primary Amines
Authors: Deng Yu‐Hua , Chen Jin‐Quan , He Long , Kang Tai‐Ran , Liu Quan‐Zhong , Luo Shi‐Wei , Yuan Wei‐Chen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHighly enantioselective cross‐aldol reactions between acetaldehyde and activated acyclic ketones are reported for the first time. Various acyclic ketones, such as saturated and unsaturated keto esters, reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of a chiral primary amine and a Brønsted acid to afford optically enriched tertiary alcohols in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. Trifluoromethyl ketones were tolerable under the reaction conditions, thereby affording the trifluoromethyl carbinol in good‐to‐excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Structural modification of the chiral amines from the same chiral source switched the stereoselectivity of the products. The utility of aldol chemistry was demonstrated in the brief synthesis of functionally enriched δ‐lactones. Theoretical calculations on the transition‐state structure indicated that the protonated tertiary amine could effectively activate the carbonyl group of a keto ester to promote the addition process through hydrogen‐bonding interaction and, simultaneously, provide an appropriate attacking pattern for the approach of the keto ester to the enamine, which is formed from acetaldehyde and the chiral catalyst, on a particular face, resulting in high enantioselectivity.
Effects of Compost Addition on Pyrene Removal from Soil Cultivated with Three Selected Plant Species
Authors: Ghanem Alaà , D'Orazio Valeria , Senesi Nicola 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost addition on the phytoremediation ability of Medicago sativa, Brassica napus, and Lolium perenne in soils contaminated with pyrene. Pyrene concentrations were evaluated after 90 days in contaminated uncultivated amended‐soil, cultivated amended‐soils, and shoots and roots of the three plant species. The addition of compost enhances significantly pyrene dissipation from 16 to 26% in uncultivated soil, whereas in cultivated soils it appears not to have any significant effect on pyrene dissipation, neither pyrene was detectable in shoots and roots of the three species examined. The high partition coefficient of pyrene to compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the molar absorptivity values at 280 nm (ε280) indicate a high affinity of pyrene to compost DOM molecules, likely due to their aromatic character. These results suggest that compost improves pyrene removal from soil, possibly by promoting its adsorption onto compost DOM. This property is very important in indicating that compost can be used, besides for its amendment capacity, also as a potential tool for remediation of contaminated soils.
A simulation study of high‐order CMOS hyperbolic‐sine filters
Authors: Kardoulaki Evdokia M. , Glaros Konstantinos N. , Katsiamis Andreas G. , Ip Henry Man D. , Drakakis Emmanuel M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThis paper advances the field of externally linear–internally nonlinear (ELIN) filters by introducing a synthesis method that enables the design of high‐order class‐AB sinh filters by means of complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) weak‐inversion sinh integrators comprising only one type of devices in their translinear loops. The proposed transistor‐level synthesis approach is demonstrated through the examples of (1) a biquadratic and (2) a fifth‐order filter, and their simulated performance is studied. The biquadratic filter achieves a dynamic range of 94 dB and has a tunable quality factor Q up to the value of 8, whereas its natural frequency can be tuned for four orders of magnitude. Its static power consumption amounts to 6.2 μW for Q = 1 and fo = 2 kHz. The fifth‐order Chebyshev sinh CMOS filter with a cut‐off frequency of 100 Hz, a pass band ripple of 1 dB, and a power consumption of ~300 nW is compared head‐to‐head with its pseudo‐differential class‐AB CMOS log domain counterpart. The sinh filter achieves similar or better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and signal‐to‐noise‐plus‐distortion ratio (SNDR) performances with half the capacitor area but at the expense of higher power consumption from the same power supply level. All three presented filter topologies are novel. Cadence design framework simulations have been performed using the commercially available 0.35 µm AMS (austriamicrosystems) process parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.