bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Eastern North Pacific Basin
Authors: Jien Jerry Y. , Gough William A. , Butler Ken 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the main development region of the eastern North Pacific basin has received scant attention. Herein the authors classify years of El Niño, La Niña, and neutral conditions using the multivariate ENSO index (MEI). Storm measurements of the net tropical cyclone activity index and power dissipation index are used to summarize the overall seasonal TC activity and TC intensity between 1971 and 2012. Both measures are found to be statistically dependent on the ENSO phases in the basin’s main development region. However, when the area is longitudinally divided, only the western portion of the development region experienced a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05). Specifically, El Niño years are characterized by more frequent, more intense events compared to La Niña conditions for this subregion. Correlation analyses on the relationships between the MEI and both TC indices demonstrate correlations between ENSO and TC activity and intensity that are statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) only in the western region. These relationships have the potential to improve the short-term forecast of the local TC activity and intensity on a seasonal basis for public awareness and disaster preparation.
The Vertical Structure of Large-Scale Unsteady Currents
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Colin de Verdière Alain , Scott Robert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA linear model based on the quasigeostrophic equations is constructed in order to predict the vertical structure of Rossby waves and, more broadly, of anomalies resolved by altimeter data, roughly with periods longer than 20 days and with wavelengths larger than 100 km. The subsurface field is reconstructed from sea surface height and climatological stratification. The solution is calculated in periodic rectangular regions with a 3D discrete Fourier transform. The effect of the mean flow on Rossby waves is neglected, which the authors believe is a reasonable approximation for low latitudes. The method used has been tested with an idealized double-gyre simulation [performed with the Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM)]. The linear model is able to give reasonable predictions of subsurface currents at low latitudes (below approximately 30°) and for relatively weak mean flow. However, the predictions degrade with stronger mean flows and higher latitudes. The subsurface velocities calculated with this model using AVISO altimetric data and velocities from current meters have also been compared. Results show that the model gives reasonably accurate results away from the top and bottom boundaries, side boundaries, and far from western boundary currents. This study found, for the regions where the model is valid, an energy partition of the traditional modes of approximately 68% in the barotropic mode and 25% in the first baroclinic mode. Only 20% of the observed kinetic energy can be attributed to free Rossby waves of long periods that propagate energy to the west.
Real-Time Guidance of Underwater Gliders Assisted by Predictive Ocean Models
Authors: Chang Dongsik , Zhang Fumin , Edwards Catherine R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn recent years, collecting scientific data from ocean environments has been increasingly undertaken by underwater gliders. For better navigation performance, the influence of flow on the navigation of underwater gliders may be significantly reduced by estimating flow velocity. However, methods for estimating flow do not always account for spatial and temporal changes in the flow field, leading to poor navigation in complex ocean environments. To improve navigation accuracy in such environmental conditions, this paper studies an approach for the real-time guidance of underwater gliders assisted by predictive ocean models. This study is motivated by glider deployments conducted from January to April 2012 and in February 2013 in Long Bay, South Carolina, where the ocean currents are characterized by strong tides and a stronger alongshore current, the Gulf Stream. The flow speed here often exceeds the forward speed of the glider. To deal with such a challenge, a computationally efficient method of depth-averaged ocean current modeling was developed. The method adjusts the ocean model based on the most recent ocean observations from gliders as feedback, and flow predictions from the model are incorporated into path planning, which produces waypoints. The entire process of flow prediction, path planning, and waypoint computation is performed off-board the gliders in real time by the glider navigation support system, the Glider-Environment Network Information System (GENIoS). This paper presents the setup and method for the glider navigation strategy applied to the Long Bay deployments. For demonstration, the performance of the method described here is compared to that of the default method implemented in the built-in glider navigation system.
Relation between an Oral Form Discrimination Task and Chewing Behavior in Normal 5- to 8-Year-Old Children
Authors: Gisel Erika G. , Schwob Hannah 
Published: December 2014

Therapists often apply oral-sensory stimulation to children with eating problems with the expectation that sensory stimulation will facilitate chewing and swallowing. Evidence from the literature to support such an expectation is inconsistent, which may be due to the difficulty of separating the sensory from the motor component when working with the eating-impaired child The present study addresses the question of whether any correlation between measures of chewing and oral sensation can be shown in healthy normal children by using normative data from a chewing assessment (Gisel, 1988a) and a sensory assessment (Gisel & Schwob, 1988). Eighty-six children between the ages of 5 and 8 participated in this study; 15 were 5 years old, 26 were 6 years old, 26 were 7 years old, and 19 were 8 years old. Significant correlations were found between the time (in seconds) for chewing viscous foods and perception of size as measured by an oral form discrimination task The data support the idea that there may be an association between oral form perception and chewing; however, the nature of this association is still unknown.
Occupational Therapy Administrators and Clinicians: Differences in Demographics and Values
Authors: Bailey Diana M. 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine variables that predict whether an occupational therapist will choose an administrative role or a clinical role within the profession. It is hoped that the results will be useful to those educators whose job is to recruit potential occupational therapy administrators. Variables were measured with Catell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (Catell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1982); the Rokeach Values Survey (Rokeach, 1968); nine semantic differential items measuring fear of success, fear of failure, identification with mother or father, and self-concept; and a demographic survey. The therapist's age and educational degree, and the values of lovingness, capability, mature love, inner harmony, and a sense of accomplishment were major correlates of role choice. The roles the respondents had actually chosen were predicted with 67% accuracy. Age, educational degree, male mentoring in administration, the specialty of physical disabilities, and the values of capability, a sense of accomplishment, freedom, and ambition were predictors of the administrative role. Age, degree, and the values of lovingness, helpfulness, mature love, and inner harmony were predictors of the clinical role The personality factors fear of success or fear of failure, identification with mother or father, and self-concept did not contribute to the respondents' choice of occupational role.
Evidence for Content and Discriminant Validity of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test Competency Exam
Authors: Royeen Charlotte Brasic , Koomar Jane , Cromack Ted , Fortune Jim C. , Domkey Lynetta 
Published: December 2014

This article presents an overview of the evidence for content and discriminant validity of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) Competency Exam. First, a summary of certification vs. licensure is presented. Second, the five requirements for certification in administration and interpretation of the SIPT (Ayres, 1989) are presented. Third, a discussion of the differences between the SIPT and the SIPT Competency Exam is presented. Fourth, a historical log of how content validity was built into the SIPT Competency Exam is presented. Fifth, evidence for discriminant validity of the SIPT Competency Exam is presented by reporting on a study investigating performance on the exam by different groups of occupational therapists. Finally it is concluded that preliminary evidence suggests that the SIPT Competency Exam is a valid test for use by Sensory Integration International as one of the five requirements for certification in the administration and interpretation of the SIPT (Ayres).
Culture-Relevant Functional Performance Assessment of the Hispanic Elderly
Authors: Dickerson Anne E. , Fisher Anne G. 
Published: December 2014

Because the Hispanic population is growing, there is a need for a reliable and valid functional assessment that is not culturally biased for white North Americans and that incorporates culture-relevant tasks for this large minority group. The Assessment for Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher, 1993) is a unique evaluation tool that appears to meet that need. The AMPS consists of two scales (motor and process) that are assumed to be universal taxonomies that are free from cultural bias. This study was designed to investigate whether four Hispanic-culture-relevant tasks could be added to the AMPS as task choices and whether the AMPS could be used as a sensitive cross-cultural assessment for Hispanic elderly. Hispanic older adults performed two Hispanic-culture-relevant tasks and two culture-free tasks. Both goodness-of-fit among tasks and the performance of Hispanic subjects compared with North American subjects who had performed the same culture-free tasks were evaluated. The results indicated that (a) the Hispanic subjects' response patterns were consistent with response patterns of the North American subjects, and (b) the four Hispanic-culture-relevant tasks showed the same psychometric characteristics as previously established AMPS tasks. These findings support the potential to further develop the AMPS as a sensitive cross-cultural assessment for the Hispanic elderly.
Taiwanese Parental Values toward an American Evaluation of Playfulness
Authors: Li Wenshu , Bundy Anita C. , Beer David 
Published: December 2014

A questionnaire comprised primarily of items from the Children's Playfulness Scale (CPS) were distributed to teachers and parents in the metropolitan Taipei area to explore three questions: Do Taiwanese adults acknowledge and value play and playfulness in children? If they do value play in children, do they view the items of the CPS as describing a single unidimensional construct? Further, what are the relative levels of importance of the 23 items of the CPS in their minds? Eighty-one of 140 questionnaires were returned. The responses were analyzed by Rasch analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. In addition, the researcher interviewed five parents to further explore their values toward the concept of play and playfulness. The results suggested that play was highly valued for Taiwanese children and most parents recognized the existence of it. Two items of the CPS failed to fit the Rasch model, suggesting that they were outside the construct of playfulness. Also, the items related to social spontaneity were especially highly valued by Taiwanese respondents.
Antinociceptive effects of lacosamide on spinal neuronal and behavioural measures of pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Rahman Wahida , Dickenson Anthony H 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Alterations in voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) function have been linked to chronic pain and are good targets for analgesics. Lacosamide (LCM) is a novel anticonvulsant that enhances the slow inactivation state of VGSCs. This conformational state can be induced by repeated neuronal firing and/or under conditions of sustained membrane depolarisation, as is expected for hyperexcitable neurones in pathological conditions such as epilepsy and neuropathy, and probably osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, therefore, we examined the antinociceptive effect of LCM on spinal neuronal and behavioural measures of pain, in vivo, in a rat OA model.

Methods
OA was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraarticular injection of 2 mg of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Sham rats received saline injections. Behavioural responses to mechanical and cooling stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw and hindlimb weight-bearing were recorded. In vivo electrophysiology experiments were performed in anaesthetised MIA or sham rats, and we recorded the effects of spinal or systemic administration of LCM on the evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones to electrical, mechanical (brush, von Frey, 2 to 60 g) and heat (40°C to 50°C) stimulation of the peripheral receptive field. The effect of systemic LCM on nociceptive behaviours was assessed.

Results
Behavioural hypersensitivity ipsilateral to knee injury was seen as a reduced paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation, an increase in paw withdrawal frequency to cooling stimulation and hind limb weight-bearing asymmetry in MIA-treated rats only. Spinal and systemic administration of LCM produced significant reductions of the electrical Aβ- and C-fibre evoked neuronal responses and the mechanical and thermal evoked neuronal responses in the MIA group only. Systemic administration of LCM significantly reversed the behavioural hypersensitive responses to mechanical and cooling stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw, but hind limb weight-bearing asymmetry was not corrected.

Conclusions
Our in vivo electrophysiological results show that the inhibitory effects of LCM were MIA-dependent. This suggests that, if used in OA patients, LCM may allow physiological transmission but suppress secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia. The inhibitory effect on spinal neuronal firing aligned with analgesic efficacy on nociceptive behaviours and suggests that LCM may still prove worthwhile for OA pain treatment and merits further clinical investigation.
Comparison of in vivo 3D cone-beam computed tomography tooth volume measurement protocols
Authors: Forst Darren , Nijjar Simrit , Flores-Mir Carlos , Carey Jason , Secanell Marc , Lagravere Manuel 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study is to analyze a set of previously developed and proposed image segmentation protocols for precision in both intra- and inter-rater reliability for in vivo tooth volume measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods
Six 3D volume segmentation procedures were proposed and tested for intra- and inter-rater reliability to quantify maxillary first molar volumes. Ten randomly selected maxillary first molars were measured in vivo in random order three times with 10 days separation between measurements. Intra- and inter-rater agreement for all segmentation procedures was attained using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The highest precision was for automated thresholding with manual refinements.

Conclusions
A tooth volume measurement protocol for CBCT images employing automated segmentation with manual human refinement on a 2D slice-by-slice basis in all three planes of space possessed excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability. Three-dimensional volume measurements of the entire tooth structure are more precise than 3D volume measurements of only the dental roots apical to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).
Legitimacy, Communication, and Leadership in the Turnaround Game
Authors: Brandts Jordi , Cooper David J. , Weber Roberto A. 
Published: December 2014

We study the effectiveness of leaders for inducing coordinated organizational change to a more efficient equilibrium, i.e., a turnaround. We compare communication from leaders to incentive increases and also compare the effectiveness of randomly selected and elected leaders. Although all interventions yield shifts to more efficient equilibria, communication from leaders has a greater effect than incentives. Moreover, leaders who are elected by followers are significantly better at improving their group’s outcome than randomly selected leaders. The improved effectiveness of elected leaders results from sending more performance-relevant messages. Our results are evidence that the way in which leaders are selected affects their legitimacy and the degree to which they influence followers. Finally, we observe that a combination of factors—specifically, incentive increases and communication from elected leaders—yields near-universal turnarounds to full efficiency. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Reviews
Authors: Adinolfi Goffredo , Moniz Miguel 
Published: December 2014

The Nature of Fascism Revisited, Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.) (2012) New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 158 pp., ISBN 9780880336666, Hardback, £34.50
Azorean Identity in Brazil and the United States: Arguments about History, Culture and Transnational Connections, João
Leal (2011) Dartmouth, MA: Tagus Press, 192 pp., ISBN 9781933227313, Paperback, £18.50
MicroRNAs: an emerging player in autophagy
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Liang Chengyu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion process for the quality control of intracellular entities in eukaryotes. In the past few years, mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression represents an integral part of the autophagy regulatory network and may have a substantial effect on autophagy-related physiological and pathological conditions including cancer. Herein, we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs manipulate the autophagic machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis and their biological outputs during cancer development. A better understanding of interaction between miRNAs and cellular autophagy may ultimately benefit future cancer diagnostic and anticancer therapeutics.
Fat quality in the indigenous Krškopolje pig reared in an enriched environment
Authors: ŽEMVA Marjeta , NGAPO Tania M. , MALOVRH Špela , LEVART Alenka , KOVAČ Milena 
Published: December 2014

The search for fat composition and content that is favourable in intramuscular fat (IMF) for fresh meat quality and at the same time in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCF) for processed meat products, within the same breed, is reflected in the growing interest in native pig breeds. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of the IMF of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and adjacent SCF from the Slovenian indigenous Krškopolje pig. The type of fat from the 42 Krškopolje pig significantly affected the proportions of 29 of the 35 fatty acids measured here. The SCF contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and correspondingly less monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than the IMF. Taking the extremes, the IMF at 6–10 % of the LD had higher proportions of SFA and MUFA and less PUFA than the IMF at 2–3 %. The thicker SCF (57–67 mm) was higher in SFA and lower in PUFA than thinner (30–40 mm). Sex and age also affected fatty acid composition; the fat from barrows was higher in MUFA and lower in PUFA than that from gilts, and with increasing age, MUFA content increased.
Kultura muzyczna w klasztorze Klarysek w Starym Sączu
Authors: Garnczarski Stanisław 
Published: December 2014

Big impact on the life of Church and on the public and cultural sphere has the formation of the new forms of religious life in Europe of the twelfth and thirteenth-century. So it was in Poland in the case of the monasteries of Poor Clares, especially Poor Clares in Stary Sacz which developed the rich musical life. Helpful in this regard were the structure of monastic life with various functions and ministries. Among them we find many serving liturgical music and not only and assigned to sisters of a special musical abilities. Moreover, sisters have led regular singing practice; learned new songs and even composed themselves. Inside the monastery acted religious band, for which the instruments were purchased; in a different period the monastic band functioned, employing also secular musicians, in addition to constantly employed organists. Sisters maintained also close contacts with the clergy who visiting the monastery brought ordered by Sisters liturgical books, among them a musical. In this way library of the monastery enriched by the book, which today are relics of the highest quality and sources of the specialized research on the culture of the monastery of Stary Sacz.
Etyka na łamach tygodników opiniotwórczych
Authors: Kaczor Monika 
Published: December 2014

Aspekty znaczeniowe etyki, dostrzegane we współczesnej prasie opiniotwórczej, pokazują, że jest ona utożsamiana z moralnością i etosem. Mówi się o niej w kontekstach związanych z poszanowaniem godności i praw człowieka oraz zasad życia społecznego, które odnoszą się do polityki, gospodarki, biologii, medycyny, ekologii, kultury i cywilizacji konsumpcji. Użytkownikom języka bliższe jest znaczenie etyki w ujęciu pragmatycznym niż normatywnym, o czym świadczy funkcjonowanie tego pojęcia jako aprobowanego społecznie zbioru zasad i norm postępowania właściwych dla konkretnych grup społecznych i wskazującego na jej konkretny styl życia, hierarchię celów.
Czy zasadne jest stosowanie „antropologicznej” koncepcji „rasy”?
Authors: Twardowski Mirosław 
Published: December 2014

Pojęcie „rasy” wprowadził do słownictwa naukowego w połowie XVIII wieku francuski filozofa i matematyk Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. W antropologii koncepcja ta zadomowiła się głównie dzięki pracom niemieckiego naukowca Johanna Friedricha Blumenbacha. Od początku koncepcja „rasy” wzbudzała kontrowersje wśród badaczy. Nawet sam Karol Darwin wyrażał sceptycyzm wobec używania pojęcia rasy w odniesieniu do ludzi. Wątpliwości co do naukowych podstaw typologii rasowej wyraził na początku XX wieku amerykański antropolog Franz Boas. W 1940 roku podobne wątpliwości przedstawił amerykańsko-brytyjski antropolog Ashley Montagu. W 1960 roku amerykański antropolog i genetyk Frank Livingstone na podstawie badań genetycznych poddał krytyce koncepcję ras ludzkich. Takie samo stanowisko wyrażał wybitny amerykański genetyk Teodozjusz Dobzhansky. Dobzhansky twierdził, że nie ma ras, które byłyby “odrębnymi jednostkami”. W 1970 roku, amerykański genetyk Richard Lewontin na podstawie własnych badań wykazywał, że nie ma możliwości wyizolowania odrębnych ras w oparciu o kryteria genetyczne.Artykuł odnosi się do osiągnięć współczesnej biologii, zwłaszcza genetyki, aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy właściwe jest dzisiaj używanie „antropologicznej” koncepcji rasy. Dla pełniejszej ilustracji problemu artykuł odnosi się do źródeł historycznych, przywołując argumenty przedstawiane przez różnych autorów na przestrzeni wieków przeciwko stosowaniu koncepcji rasy w stosunku do ludzi.