bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular Cycle Length Characteristics Estimative of Prolonged RR Interval during Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: CIACCIO EDWARD J. , BIVIANO ANGELO B. , GAMBHIR ALOK , EINSTEIN ANDREW J. , GARAN HASAN 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundWhen atrial fibrillation (AF) is incessant, imaging during a prolonged ventricular RR interval may improve image quality. It was hypothesized that long RR intervals could be predicted from preceding RR values.MethodsFrom the PhysioNet database, electrocardiogram RR intervals were obtained from 74 persistent AF patients. An RR interval lengthened by at least 250 ms beyond the immediately preceding RR interval (termed T0 and T1, respectively) was considered prolonged. A two‐parameter scatterplot was used to predict the occurrence of a prolonged interval T0. The scatterplot parameters were: (1) RR variability (RRv) estimated as the average second derivative from 10 previous pairs of RR differences, T13–T2, and (2) Tm–T1, the difference between Tm, the mean from T13 to T2, and T1. For each patient, scatterplots were constructed using preliminary data from the first hour. The ranges of parameters 1 and 2 were adjusted to maximize the proportion of prolonged RR intervals within range. These constraints were used for prediction of prolonged RR in test data collected during the second hour.ResultsThe mean prolonged event was 1.0 seconds in duration. Actual prolonged events were identified with a mean positive predictive value (PPV) of 80% in the test set. PPV was >80% in 36 of 74 patients. An average of 10.8 prolonged RR intervals per 60 minutes was correctly identified.ConclusionsA method was developed to predict prolonged RR intervals using two parameters and prior statistical sampling for each patient. This or similar methodology may help improve cardiac imaging in many longstanding persistent AF patients.
Prediction of Midterm Performance of Active‐Fixation Leads Using Current of Injury
Authors: HAGHJOO MAJID , MOLLAZADEH REZA , ASLANI AMIR , DASTMALCHI JALAL , MASHREGHI‐MOGHADAM HAMIDREZA , HEIDARI‐MOKARAR HADI , VAKILI‐ZARCH ANOUSHIRAVAN , ALIZADEH ABOLFATH 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThere are only limited prospective data on the clinical relevance of current of injury (COI) as a predictor of the midterm performance of active‐fixation leads. This study sought to investigate whether it is possible to predict the midterm performance of active‐fixation leads using COI recorded at the time of implantation.Methods and resultsOne hundred fifty patients (78 men; mean age, 63 ± 19 years) who received active‐fixation pacing (n = 201) and defibrillator (n = 51) leads were studied. COI was measured from the intracardiac bipolar electrogram recorded at the time of lead implantation. The study outcome was good lead performance at 6 months, defined as P wave ≥ 1.5 mV, threshold <1.5 V for atrial lead, R‐wave ≥ 5 mV, and threshold <1 V for ventricular lead. A total of 102 active‐fixation atrial and 150 ventricular leads were implanted. During a 6‐month follow‐up, invasive intervention was required for seven atrial and seven ventricular leads. In multivariate analysis, COI was the only independent predictor of good outcome for the active‐fixation atrial (odds ratio [OR]: 5.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18–14.76, P = 0.001) and ventricular leads (OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.08–21.26, P = 0.002). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis identified ST‐segment elevation ≥2.0 mV for the atrial leads (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 89%) and ≥10.0 mV for the ventricular leads (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 87%) as optimal cutoffs for good midterm performance.ConclusionsMidterm performance of active‐fixation leads is predictable using COI recorded at the time of lead implantation. A ST‐segment elevation ≥2.0 mV in the atrial leads and ≥10.0 mV in the ventricular leads are recommended to improve the lead performance at 6 months.
Myocardial Injury Secondary to ICD Shocks: Insights from Patients with Lead Fracture
Authors: SHAM'A RAED ABU , NERY PABLO , SADEK MOUHANNAD , YUNG DEREK , REDPATH CALUM , PERRIN MARK , SARAK BRADLEY , BIRNIE DAVID 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundPatients who receive appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks have a subsequent adverse prognosis. Most data suggest that patients with inappropriate ICD shocks also have a subsequent adverse prognosis, although this is more controversial. The shocks may be an epiphenomenon, that is, a marker of underlying disease progression; however, it cannot be excluded that shocks cause direct myocardial damage. This latter question is difficult to clarify as the arrhythmia provoking the shock can also cause troponin release. Inappropriate shocks secondary to lead fracture are an ideal situation to examine this question; any troponin release in an otherwise well and hemodynamically stable patient, is likely due directly to the shocks.MethodsAll patients with Fidelis lead fracture admitted to our institution with inappropriate shocks were included in this study. Troponin (I or T) was considered positive if the level was above the 99th percentile reference cutoff.ResultsElevated troponin levels were recorded in 16 of 22 patients (73%). Patients with elevated troponin received a higher number of shocks (20.3 ± 30.1 vs 5.3 ± 4.8, P = 0.07) compared with patients with normal troponin. Very elevated troponin levels (>0.8 mcg/L) were seen in five of 22 (22%) patients. The mean peak troponin level for these five patients was 7.06 ± 8.56 mcg/L; two patients had troponin levels that would be expected from a medium‐sized myocardial infarction or severe myocarditis.ConclusionTroponin elevation occurred in the majority of our patients after inappropriate ICD discharges secondary to lead fracture. This indicates that ICD shocks can cause myocardial injury.
Development of molecular markers from Indian genotypes of two Gossypium L. species
Authors: Srivastava Anukool , Jena Satya Narayan , Ranjan Alok , Kavita Palacharla , Asif Mehar H. , Bag Sumit K. , Shukla Ravi Prakash , Yadav Hemant K. , Sawant Samir V. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTwo genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum and four genotypes of G. herbaceum have been used to develop large‐scale molecular markers, especially SSRs and SNPs for their use in various molecular breeding programmes of cotton. A total of 1440 expressed SSRs and 2608 SNPs were identified from transcriptome of two genotypes of G. hirsutum. In addition, 10 971 SNPs were also developed from transcriptome of G. herbaceum, of which 4059 SNPs were transition and 6912 were transversion and there were 238 indels. This study added a total of 334 novel SSRs and 1847 novel SNPs in G. hirsutum and 10 947 novel SNPs in G. herbaceum to the public domain. We also validated a subset of 25 novel SSRs and 12 SNPs with five genotypes of G. hirsutum.
High prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Sugai Takuro , Fukui Naoki , Watanabe Junzo , Ono Shin , Tsuneyama Nobuto , Saito Mami , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2013

AimsIn Europe and North America, schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotic agents have a higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome compared with healthy individuals. In Japan, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the general population is considerably lower than that in Europe and North America. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity as well as laboratory data in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThe subjects were 333 inpatients with schizophrenia and 191 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, standard weight was defined as BMI ≥ 18.5 to <25 kg/m2 and underweight was defined as BMI < 18.5 kg/m2.ResultsA significant difference in the prevalence of the three BMI levels was observed between schizophrenia patients and controls (P < 0.001). The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than that in controls (P < 0.001). The prevalence of hypoproteinemia (P < 0.001) and of hypocholesterolemia (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in controls. In schizophrenia patients, the prevalence of hypotriglyceridemia was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the standard weight group (P = 0.003) and in the overweight/obesity group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of underweight in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia may be higher compared with that in the general population. Therefore, the physical health of inpatients should be more carefully taken into account in clinical practice.
Use of tissue expansion to facilitate liver and small bowel transplant in young children with contracted abdominal cavities
Authors: Vidyadharan R. , van Bommel A. C. M. , Kuti K. , Gupte G. L. , Sharif K. , Richard B. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLiver and small bowel transplant is an established treatment for infants with IFALD. Despite organ reduction techniques, mortality on the waiting list remains high due to shortage of size‐matched pediatric donors. Small abdominal cavity volume due to previous intestinal resection poses a significant challenge to achieve abdominal closure post‐transplant. Seven children underwent tissue expansion of abdominal skin prior to multiorgan transplant. In total, 17 tissue expanders were placed subcutaneously in seven children. All seven subjects underwent re‐exploration to deal with complications: hematoma, extrusion, infection, or port related. Three expanders had to be removed. Four children went on to have successful combined liver and small bowel transplant. Two children died on the waiting list of causes not related to the expander and one child died from sepsis attributed to an infected expander. Tissue expansion can generate skin to facilitate closure of abdomen post‐transplant, thus allowing infants with small abdominal volumes to be considered for transplant surgery. Tissue expansion in children with end‐stage liver disease and portal hypertension is associated with a very high complication rate and needs to be closely monitored during the expansion process.
Expanding Shifting Baseline Syndrome to Accommodate Increasing Abundances
Authors: Steen David A. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe shifting baseline syndrome suggests that our perceptions of previous conditions may change over time as ecosystems degrade. Although most discussion of the topic relates to decreasing species abundances, there are several reasons to think that abundances of many species will increase in response to anthropogenic disturbance. For example, increases in abundances of certain species are predicted after the removal of predators, as exotic and invasive species become established, and as habitat generalists proliferate. Because generational amnesia about historic conditions could influence the setting of restoration targets, restoration ecologists should explicitly consider the shifting baseline syndrome in reference to increases in abundances from historic levels.
Thick Ethical Concepts in the Philosophy and Literature of Iris Murdoch
Authors: Jordan Jessy E. G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlthough thick ethical concepts have been neglected in Murdochian scholarship, this article argues that they were central to the thought of Iris Murdoch. In the first section, the article provides a sustained account of thick ethical concepts in Murdoch's philosophy, demonstrating how these concepts align with and illuminate familiar aspects of her philosophical essays. The first section also explores the ways in which Murdoch's alternative account of moral concepts was at the heart of her overall attack on the noncognitivism of her day. In the second section, the article provides a reading of The Black Prince and considers the ways that thick ethical concepts offer new insight into Murdoch's literary activity. It concludes by suggesting that studying Murdoch's philosophy and literature in light of thick ethical concepts reveals a deep unity between her two intellectual projects.
Implicit Attitudes Reflect Associative, Non‐associative, and Non‐attitudinal Processes
Authors: Calanchini Jimmy , Sherman Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt is a common assumption that responses on implicit measures are proxies for automatically activated associations stored in memory. Consequently, explanations for implicit attitude malleability, variability, and prediction have assumed differences in underlying associations. However, a growing body of evidence challenges the assumption that implicit attitude change is driven only by associative processes. This paper reviews evidence from research with the Quadruple Process model on the influence of associative and non‐associative processes on implicit task performance. We also describe recent research on non‐attitudinal processes that do not pertain directly to the attitude object of interest but that, nevertheless, influence implicit task performance. Implications for the interpretation of implicit measures and implicit attitude change are discussed.
Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker in Social Science Research
Authors: Smyth Nina , Hucklebridge Frank , Thorn Lisa , Evans Phil , Clow Angela 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCortisol, a neuroendocrine hormone measurable in saliva, responds to internal and external triggers. In providing a peripheral ‘window on the brain’, it has been increasingly incorporated into social psychological studies. Cortisol secretion can be studied in two main ways, examination of acute stress reactivity and examination of the basal circadian patterns. These can inform aspects of acute and chronic stress exposure and relationships with health. Within non‐clinical populations, cortisol effects are largely driven by differences in the perception of threat. For social psychologists, this provides an interesting avenue for the investigation of social factors that mediate perceptions of threat, such as social support, relationship processes, and group dynamics in acute and chronic stress. This paper provides a background to understanding the regulation and function of cortisol, and issues arising in relation to its measurement in saliva. It discusses and makes recommendations on the use of appropriate cortisol measures in the study of both acute and chronic stress. Used and interpreted appropriately, stress reactivity and basal ambulatory measures of salivary cortisol can provide a valuable adjunct to self‐report and observation in social psychological research. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Automatic Behavior – Its Social Embedding and Individual Consequences
Authors: Jonas Kai J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAutomatic behavior, that is, the non‐conscious activation of perceiver behavior by social category priming, has undergone considerable development in the recent years. While initial effects pointed to often rather surprising effects that could be characterized as imitation of the behavior of the social category itself, current research unfolds a much more complex picture. Not only imitative behavior but, contrasting, also response behavior is getting activated. Response behavior is fundamentally different from imitation and contrast and denotes behavior that is directed toward the social category out of the action ecology of the perceiver. Furthermore, boundary conditions have been established and could reveal that motivation (goals) and social context modulate the selection of specific automatic responses. Most recent findings reveal that social category priming embedded in context also modulates visual attention patterns pertaining to means functional for the response behavior. Similar to the increased complexity of findings, the proposed underlying explanatory models have developed in comprehensiveness. Taken together, automatic behavior now has to be seen as a valid form of social influence, and its benefits and pitfalls are further to be investigated.
Evaluation of the affinity of various species and strains of Staphylococcus to adhere to equine corneocytes
Authors: Akridge Heather D. , Rankin Shelley C. , Griffeth Gregory C. , Boston Raymond C. , Callori Nancy E. , Morris Daniel O. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundMeticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain USA 500 predominately colonizes horses and people working with them. Previous studies demonstrate that some Staphylococcus species exhibit higher affinity for corneocytes of specific mammalian species.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective was to determine the relative affinities of various MRSA strains, meticillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains and a meticillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP) for equine corneocytes. We hypothesized that MRSA strain USA 500 would exhibit greater adhesion than other staphylococcal strains tested.MethodsEpidemic MRSA strains (USA 100, USA 300, USA 500 and USA 800), two MSSA control strains and an MSSP field strain were tested on corneocytes from 15 client‐owned horses. Isolates were incubated with corneocytes in conditions (bacterial concentration of 108 colony‐forming units/mL for 45 min) recently shown to maximize adherence of S. aureus without competitive interference. A validated image‐analysis system was used to quantify the cell surface density of bacterial adhesion.ResultsThe MSSP strain adhered with significantly higher affinity (P < 0.0015) to corneocytes than did MSSA strains. All MRSA strains other than USA 500 had significantly higher affinity than MSSA strains (P range <0.03 to <0.0015). There were no statistical differences in adhesion between strain USA 500 and the other MRSA strains tested.Conclusions and clinical importanceMeticillin‐resistant S. aureus strain USA 500 did not adhere more robustly than other strains of Staphylococcus; therefore, its affinity to colonize horses may not be solely attributed to corneocyte adhesion. Additional studies are required to explain the epidemiological role of this strain as the predominant cause of colonization and infections of horses in North America.
Treatment of alopecia X with medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Watson Jacqueline B. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAlopecia X is a common cause of noninflammatory alopecia in Pomeranian dogs. In the past, treatment with growth hormone injections resulted in hair regrowth in many individuals. Progesterone can induce mammary‐derived growth hormone and is used to treat dogs with congenital growth hormone deficiency.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether progesterone induces endogenous insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and causes hair regrowth in dogs with alopecia X.AnimalsEight neutered Pomeranian dogs with alopecia X for 1–2 years.MethodsIn part 1, two male and three female dogs received 5 mg/kg medroxyprogesterone acetate injected subcutaneously (s.c.) every 4 weeks for a total of four injections. In part 2, one male and two female dogs received 10 mg/kg medroxyprogesterone acetate injected s.c. every 4 weeks for four injections. Dogs were monitored monthly with physical examinations and complete blood counts, chemistry panels and urinalyses. In part 3, two coated Pomeranian dogs and two normal‐coated small breed dogs received two s.c. injections of 10 mg/kg medroxyprogesterone acetate. Serum was saved from each visit for IGF‐1 analysis.ResultsIn part 1, two dogs had partial hair regrowth of ~40–60%. In part 2, one dog had partial hair regrowth and one dog had complete hair regrowth 2 months after completion of the study. Unlike the normal‐coated dogs, whose IGF‐1 concentrations increased, the IGF‐1 concentrations in alopecic and coated Pomeranian dogs were low and remained unchanged. No adverse effects were noted.Conclusions and clinical importanceResults of this study showed that medroxyprogesterone injections resulted in partial hair regrowth in three and complete hair regrowth in one of eight Pomeranian dogs with alopecia X.
Revision ofMecinus heydeniispecies complex (Curculionidae): integrative taxonomy reveals multiple species exhibiting host specialization
Authors: Toševski Ivo , Caldara Roberto , Jović Jelena , Baviera Cosimo , Hernández‐Vera Gerardo , Gassmann Andre , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: September 2013

A combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that the species presently namedMecinus heydeniiis actually composed of five different species:M. heydeniiWencker, 1866;M. raphaelisBaviera &Caldara sp. n.,M. laevicepsTournier, 1873;M. peterharrisiToševski & Caldara sp. n. andM. bulgaricusAngelov, 1971. These species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and body of the penis, and the colour of the integument. The first four species live on different species ofLinariaplants, respectively,L. vulgaris(L.)P. Mill.,L. purpurea(L.)P. Mill.L. genistifolia(L.)P. Mill. andL. dalmatica(L.)P. Mill., whereas the host plant ofM. bulgaricusis still unknown. An analysis of mtCOIIgene sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 9% betweenM. heydeniiandM. raphaelis, 11.5% betweenM. laeviceps,M. heydeniiandM. raphaelis, whileM. laevicepsandM. peterharrisiare approximately 6.3% divergent from each other.Mecinus bulgaricusexhibits even greater divergence from all these species and is more closely related toM. dorsalisAubé, 1850. Sampled populations ofM. laevicepsform three geographical subspecies:M. laeviceps laeviceps,M. laeviceps meridionalisToševski & Jović andM. laeviceps corifoliaeToševski & Jović. These subspecies show clear genetic clustering with uncorrected mtDNA COIIdivergences of approximately 1.4% from each other.
Computing Borcherds products
Authors: Gehre Dominic , Kreuzer Judith , Raum Martin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe present an algorithm for computing Borcherds products, which has polynomial runtime. It deals efficiently with the bounds on Fourier expansion indices originating in Weyl chambers. Naive multiplication has exponential runtime due to inefficient handling of these bounds. An implementation of the new algorithm shows that it is also much faster in practice.
Feline CKD
Authors: Paepe Dominique , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: September 2013

Practical relevance: Feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently encountered by veterinarians. Timely diagnosis and staging may facilitate the initiation of adequate therapy and improve the prognosis for patients. Clinical challenges: Feline CKD is diagnosed based on the presence of compatible clinical signs and renal azotaemia, which implies that urinalysis (particularly urine specific gravity) is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. Although the diagnosis of advanced feline CKD and associated complications is usually straightforward, based on complete blood and urine examination, all routine blood and urine tests have their limitations in detecting early CKD. Therefore, diagnosing early or non-azotaemic CKD is much more challenging. Although determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would be ideal to identify early kidney dysfunction, practical limitations hamper its routine use in clinical practice. Patient group: CKD is typically a disease of aged cats, but may affect cats of all ages. Conclusive breed and sex predispositions for feline CKD are not reported. Audience: This review is directed at practising veterinarians and provides an overview of the required diagnostic tests, the classification system established by the International Renal Interest Society, and the importance of and possible techniques for early detection of CKD. Evidence base: Staging of cats with CKD is essential as it directs management and provides a prognostic guide. Given that diagnosis at early disease stages is associated with more prolonged survival times, simple, inexpensive and accurate methods for early CKD diagnosis are needed. Techniques currently under investigation include limited sampling strategies to estimate GFR, clearance marker cut-off concentrations to identify cats with low GFR, new indirect GFR markers and urinary biomarkers.