bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rent reviews and unforeseen circumstances
Authors: Dowden Malcolm 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the English court's approach to the interpretation of rent review provisions in circumstances where the words used by the parties may produce a commercially unforeseen or undesirable result. It emphasises that, while the court has wide discretion to adopt a purposive approach, and to interpret an agreement in a way that produces a result in accordance with “business common sense”, there must first be some ambiguity in the wording. The court cannot rewrite a contract where the parties simply failed to foresee or to provide for unexpected market conditions (here, a “double‐dip” fall in rental values).Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the Court of Appeal ruling in Scottish Widows v. BGC International [2012] EWCA Civ 607 as an example of the limits of the court's ability to arrive at commercially sensible results through purposive interpretation.FindingsIt concludes that where a clause has been drafted by experienced and skilled solicitors, the court is unlikely to intervene unless it is clear that there is a mistake in the language or syntax. The court will not rewrite an agreement where the parties did not anticipate adverse market factors.Practical implicationsThe paper identifies the key factors taken into account when the court is considering either interpretation or rectification of a clause that has produced a commercially undesirable result. It also discusses the extent to which pre‐contractual negotiations may be relevant to interpretation or rectification of a contract.Originality/valueThe paper sets out the author's reading as a commercial real estate practitioner of key judicial dicta on the interpretation and effect of rent provisions.
A Comparison of Enhancement Techniques for Footwear Impressions on Dark and Patterned Fabrics,
Authors: Farrugia Kevin J. , Bandey Helen , Dawson Lorna , Daéid Niamh Nic 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe use of chemical enhancement techniques on porous substrates, such as fabrics, poses several challenges predominantly due to the occurrence of background staining and diffusion as well as visualization difficulties. A range of readily available chemical and lighting techniques were utilized to enhance footwear impressions made in blood, soil, and urine on dark and patterned fabrics. Footwear impressions were all prepared at a set force using a specifically built footwear rig. In most cases, results demonstrated that fluorescent chemical techniques were required for visualization as nonfluorescent techniques provided little or no contrast with the background. Occasionally, this contrast was improved by oblique lighting. Successful results were obtained for the enhancement of footwear impressions in blood; however, the enhancement of footwear impressions in urine and soil on dark and patterned fabrics was much more limited. The results demonstrate that visualization and fluorescent enhancement on porous substrates such as fabrics is possible.
Risk assessment and psychosocial interventions for suicidal patients
Authors: Chesin Megan , Stanley Barbara 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesSuicide is a leading cause of death in the USA. Although factors elevating long‐term risk for suicide are known and include bipolar disorder, signs of imminent suicide risk are difficult to study and not well specified. Acute risk determinations must be made to determine the appropriate level of care to safeguard patients. To increase safety among at‐risk patients in the short term and to decrease risk over time, psychosocial interventions to prevent suicide have been developed and tested in acute care and outpatient settings.MethodsA narrative review of studies of imminent risk factors for suicide, suicide risk decision‐making, and psychosocial suicide prevention interventions was conducted.ResultsAlthough some long‐term risk factors of suicide have been established, accurate identification of individuals at imminent risk for suicide is difficult. Therefore, prevention efforts targeting individuals at high suicide behavior risk discharging from acute care settings tend to be generic and focus on psychoeducation and supportive follow‐up contact. Data regarding the effectiveness of brief interventions (i.e., those not requiring more than one individualized treatment session) are mixed, showing better outcomes in the shorter term and when the incidence of suicidal behavior or ideation is the outcome. With respect to longer‐term suicide prevention interventions (i.e., those with a minimum of ten sessions), Dialectical Behavior Therapy has the largest evidence base.ConclusionsTo improve suicide prevention efforts, more rigorous study of imminent risk factors and psychosocial interventions is needed. Adaptations specific to individuals with bipolar disorder are possible and needed.
The relationships between quantity‐number competencies, working memory, and phonological awareness in 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds
Authors: Michalczyk Kurt , Krajewski Kristin , Preβler Anna‐Lena , Hasselhorn Marcus 
Published: June 2013

In this study, the interdependencies among phonological awareness, verbal working memory components, and early numerical skills in children 1 year before school entry are addressed. Early numerical skills were conceptualized as quantity‐number competencies (QNC) at both basic (QNC Level 1) and advanced (QNC Level 2) levels. In a sample of 1,343 children aged 5 and 6, structural equation modelling provided support for the isolated number words hypothesis (Krajewski & Schneider, 2009, J. Exp. Child Psychol., 103, 516–531). This hypothesis claims that phonological awareness contributes to the acquisition of QNC Level 1, such as learning the number word sequence, but not of QNC Level 2, which requires the linkage of number words to quantities. In addition, phonological awareness relied on verbal working memory, especially with regard to the phonological loop, central executive, and episodic buffer. The results were congruent with the idea that phonological awareness mediates the impact of verbal working memory on QNCs. The relationships between verbal working memory, phonological awareness, and QNCs were comparable in monolingual and bilingual children.
Protected area networks and savannah bird biodiversity in the face of climate change and land degradation
Authors: Beale Colin M. , Baker Neil E. , Brewer Mark J. , Lennon Jack J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe extent to which climate change might diminish the efficacy of protected areas is one of the most pressing conservation questions. Many projections suggest that climate‐driven species distribution shifts will leave protected areas impoverished and species inadequately protected while other evidence suggests that intact ecosystems within protected areas will be resilient to change. Here, we tackle this problem empirically. We show how recent changes in distribution of 139 Tanzanian savannah bird species are linked to climate change, protected area status and land degradation. We provide the first evidence of climate‐driven range shifts for an African bird community. Our results suggest that the continued maintenance of existing protected areas is an appropriate conservation response to the challenge of climate and environmental change.
DEcompressive Surgery plus hypoTHermia for Space-Occupying Stroke (DEPTH-SOS): A Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial and a Literature Review
Authors: Neugebauer Hermann , Kollmar Rainer , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Bösel Julian , Schneider Hauke , Hobohm Carsten , Zweckberger Klaus , Heuschmann Peter U. , Schellinger Peter D. , Jüttler Eric ,   for the DEPTH-SOS Study Group and the IGNITE Study Group
Published: June 2013

Rationale Although decompressive hemicraniectomy clearly reduces mortality in severe space-occupying middle cerebral artery infarction (so-called malignant middle cerebral artery infarction), every fifth patient still dies in the acute phase and every third patient is left with moderate to severe disability. Therapeutic hypothermia is a neuroprotective and antiedematous treatment option that has shown promising effects in severe stroke. A combination of both treatment strategies may have the potential to further reduce mortality and morbidity in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, but needs evaluation of its efficacy within the setting of a randomized clinical trial. Aims The DEcompressive surgery Plus hypoTHermia for Space-Occupying Stroke (DEPTH-SOS) trial aims to investigate safety and feasibility of moderate therapeutic hypothermia (33°C ± 1) over at least 72 h in addition to early decompressive hemicraniectomy (≤48 hours after symptom onset) in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Design The DEcompressive surgery Plus hypoTHermia for Space-Occupying Stroke is a prospective, multicenter, open, two-arm (1:1) comparative, randomized, controlled trial. Study outcomes The primary end-point is mortality at day 14. The secondary end-points include functional outcome at day 14 and at 12 months follow-up, and complications related to hypothermia. Discussion The results of this trial will provide data on safety and feasibility of moderate hypothermia in addition to decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Furthermore, efficacy data on early mortality and long-term functional outcome will be obtained, forming the basis of subsequent trials.
Breaking hospitality apart: bad hosts, bad guests, and the problem of sovereignty
Authors: SHRYOCK ANDREW 
Published: June 2013

Talk of hospitality often turns to the problem of bad guests and bad hosts. This trend holds whether the speakers are Balga Bedouin in Jordan or political theorists in Europe, and it would seem that bad hospitality accumulates in the gaps created by shifts in scale, as houses absorb other houses, or nation‐states and their citizens compete to control the concepts and practices that define house, host, and guest. Moving from Bedouin history to metropolitan political theory, I show how bad hosts and guests break hospitality apart, revealing its component parts and how they work.RésuméQuand on parle d'hospitalité, que ce soit avec des Bédouins Balga en Jordanie ou avec des politologues européens, le débat s'oriente souvent vers le problème des mauvais hôtes et des mauvais invités. C'est à croire que la mauvaise hospitalité s'accumule dans les vides créés par les changements d'échelle, lorsque les maisons absorbent d'autres maisons, lorsque les États‐nations et leurs citoyens se font concurrence pour contrôler les concepts et les pratiques qui définissent la maison, l'hôte et l'invité. Passant de l'histoire des Bédouins à la théorie politique métropolitaine, je montrerai ici comment les mauvais hôtes et les mauvais invités déconstruisent l'hospitalité, révélant ses composantes et leur manière de fonctionner.
Treatment of Porokeratosis of Mibelli with CO2 Laser Vaporization Versus Surgical Excision with Split‐Thickness Skin Graft
Authors: RABBIN PHOEBE E. , BALDWIN HILARY E. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Porokeratosis of Mibelli has been treated with many topical surgical modalities in the past, including cold steel surgical excision and CO2 laser excision. We report a patient with an 8 × 10 cm2 plaque of porokeratosis on the dorsum of his hand, fingers, and web spaces.OBJECTIVE. To compare the treatment results of CO2 laser vaporization versus cold steel surgical excision with split‐thickness skin graft placement.METHOD. The portions of the lesion overlying the metacarpophalangeal joints, fingers, and web spaces were treated with CO2 laser vaporization. The remainder of the lesion covering the dorsum of the hand was excised with cold steel, followed by placement of a split‐thickness skin graft over that area.RESULTS. The portion of the porokeratosis lesion treated with CO2 vaporization healed with results cosmetically and functionally superior to the grafted area.CONCLUSION. Carbon dioxide laser vaporization, a more superficial treatment modality than CO2 laser excision, should be the preferred treatment modality for porokeratosis lesions.
Glycolic Acid Peels for the Treatment of Wrinkles and Photoaging
Authors: MOY LAWRENCE S. , MURAD HOWARD , MOY RONALD L. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxyacid that is useful as a chemical peeling agent.OBJECTIVE. To discuss the techniques using glycolic acid to remove actinic keratoses, fine wrinkles, lentigines, melasma, and seborrheic keratoses.METHOD. Applied in a carefully timed manner, the depth of penetration can be titrated by the timed duration of application of acid on the skin. Chemical peels are left on the skin for 3 to 7 minutes for most patients. For ideal results, the chemical peel can be repeated 3 to 4 times.RESULT. Glycolic acid can easily be used to peel skin of all skin types with minimal risk.CONCLUSION. We have found glycolic acid can be an ideal adjunct to other cosmetic modalities such as soft tissue augmentation.
Collagen Gene Expression and Wound Strength in Normal and Radiation‐Impaired Wounds
Authors: BERNSTEIN ERIC F. , SALOMON GARY D. , HARISIADIS LEON , TALBOT THOMAS , HARRINGTON FRANK , RUSSO ANGELO , UITTO JOUNI 
Published: June 2013

background. Poorly healing wounds result in significant morbidity postoperatively. Numerous attempts have been made to study wound healing in vivo to understand better the normal healing process and factors that impair healing. Animal models of wound healing have been developed to evaluate wound healing in a systematic and controlled setting. Incisional wounds are created in animals to mimic the surgical patient. They may then be evaluated by a variety of methods for degree of healing.objective. To give insight into the mechanisms of wound healing impairment, we developed a model of impaired wound healing in guinea pigs using radiation applied to the skin surfaces only.methods. Wound bursting strength, a direct measure of the force required to burst apart healing linear incisions, was measured. Collagen content, measured indirectly as collagen gene expression, was measured.results. Significant reductions in wound bursting strength were noted after radiation administration. Collagen gene expression was decreased in wounds 7 days after radiation, but recovered to control levels 14 days after irradiation. Our model enables the inclusion of irradiated and unirradiated skin flaps within the same animal, thus eliminating intra‐animal variation when comparing impaired and normal wounds.conclusion. Wound bursting strength analysis, combined with techniques aimed at elucidating changes at the molecular level, provides a useful tool for the study of factors that impair healing and potential treatments for resulting healing deficits.
Transcranial Eosinophilic Granuloma Manifested by a Subcutaneous Scalp Mass
Authors: YIANNIAS JAMES A. , BRODLAND DAVID G. 
Published: June 2013

background. The differential diagnosis of nodular scalp lesions in a child is surprisingly extensive.objective. To present a case of eosinophilic granuloma that was manifested by a scalp mass in a pediatric patient.methods. The case is presented and the relevant literature is reviewed.conclusions. The seriousness of some of these lesions requires a thorough evaluation, including noninvasive imaging, and carefully planned surgical intervention so that effective diagnosis and treatment are ensured. Surgical exposure of unsuspected central nervous system connections may lead to infection, hemorrhage, seizures, or other significant morbidity and mortality.
Flash Lamp‐Pumped Dye Laser Treatment of Telangiectasia
Authors: RUIZ‐ESPARZA JAVIER , GOLDMAN MITCHEL P. , FITZPATRICK RICHARD E. , LOWE NICHOLAS J. , BEHR KATHLEEN L. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Although many treatment modalities are effective in the treatment of essential telangiectasia, most have a risk of scarring and or incomplete obliteration of the dilated vessels. The Candela flash lamp‐pumped dye laser has been regarded as highly selective for blood vessel ablation with virtually no risk of scarring.OBJECTIVE. To present a study of 182 patients who underwent this treatment.RESULTS. Good to excellent response was seen in 97.5% of these patients. No scars were seen in any of the patients studied. Patients described the degree of discomfort as mild to moderate and found the post‐treatment purpura an acceptable phase of healing, if advised preoperatively.CONCLUSION. We found the laser to be safe and effective in the treatment of facial telangiectasia.
Histology and Physiology of Tissue Expansion
Authors: JOHNSON TIMOTHY M. , LOWE LORI , BROWN MARC D. , SULLIVAN MICHAEL J. , NELSON BRUCE R. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND: Tissue expansion is a concept based on the skin's natural ability to stretch in response to an underlying force.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the histological and physiological changes that occur within the soft tissue and underlying structures during tissue expansion.METHODS: An extensive search of the literature reviewing these changes is summarized herein.RESULTS: Conventional tissue expansion may result in epidermal hypertrophy, decreased dermal, muscle, and adipose thickness, and bone resorption. A vascular capsule and angiogenesis provides a highly vascular flap and improves flap viability. Few soft tissue changes occur during rapid tissue expansion. The ability of the skin to increase in surface area during conventional tissue expansion is primarily because of biological tissue creep. Rapid expansion may result from mechanical tissue creep.CONCLUSION: Many soft tissue changes occur during tissue expansion. Most of these changes return to the pre‐expansion state over time following discontinuation of the expansion process.
Primary Reconstruction of Congenital Facial Lesion Defects with Tissue Expansion
Authors: FRODEL JOHN L. , WHITAKER DUANE C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Congenital facial lesions may require surgical intervention to correct deformity or to decrease the potential for malignant degeneration.OBJECTIVE. Hemangiomata and melanocytic and sebaceous nevi are among the most common congenital facial defects. The techniques and outcome of serial tissue expansion in the management of facial lesions were evaluated.METHODS. Seven pediatric patients had congenital facial defects treated with tissue expansion and subsequent excision and reconstruction.RESULTS. All patients had a satisfactory outcome. Complications are reviewed, and in this patient population were minor.CONCLUSIONS. Tissue expansion has a role in surgical management of congenital facial lesions. Staged excision, skin grafting and nonintervention are also options which must be individualized to the case at hand. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1993;19:1110‐1116.
Cool Laser Optics Treatment of Large Telangiectasia of the Lower Extremities
Authors: CHESS CYRUS , CHESS QUINTUS 
Published: June 2013

background. Lower extremity telangiectases have been traditionally treated using sclerotherapy. However, because of significant side effects from sclerotherapy, laser treatments have been investigated. Results from laser treatments have been generally unsatisfactory.objective. This study was based on the premise that simultaneous cooling and lasing would permit more effective treatment.methods. Thirty lower extremity telangiectases on 13 patients were treated by a technique of simultaneous cooling and lasing. Argon (488/514 nm) and argon dye (577 nm, 585 nm) laser light were delivered through a new cooling device to telangiectatic vessels of approximately 1‐mm diameter on the thigh and leg. Pulsed and continuous beam treatments were utilized at high levels of irradiance.results. Sixty‐seven percent of treated sites were improved; half of these were completely or nearly completely cleared. There were no complications. In only 2 of 30 (7%) treated sites were there persistent pigmentary changes.conclusion. These results compare favorably with other methods for treatment of lower extremity telangiectases. Successful treatment of large lower extremity telangiectases by simultaneous cooling and lasing with minimal side effects suggests a reduction of thermal injury to nonvascular tissue while allowing destruction of ectatic vasculature.
A Double‐Blind Placebo Controlled Study of a 5% Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream (EMLA) for Topical Anesthesia During Thermolysis
Authors: Wagner Richard F. , Flores C. Ann , Argo Lydia F. 
Published: June 2013

background. Electrolysis and thermolysis are commonly used electrosurgical methods for the permanent destruction of unwanted hair. However, patient fear of pain during treatment may interfere with or even prevent desired treatment of hirsutism on sensitive areas such as the upper lip.objective. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics), a 5% lidocaine/prilocaine cream, as a topically applied local anesthetic during thermolysis on the upper lip.methods. A double‐blind placebo control study was conducted by the University of Texas Medical Branch thermolysis clinic. Thirty women with idiopathic hirsutism of the upper lip were studied. Pain was measured with a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS).results. Total paired VAS score differences comparing the placebo VAS scores to the EMLA VAS scores were significant by paired t‐test (P = .0001). Adverse reactions were mild and transient.conclusion. EMLA cream may have multiple applications to the practice of dermatologic surgery, including topically achieved local anesthesia during thermolysis and electrolysis.
Utility of Topical Benzoyl Peroxide for Prevention of Surgical Skin Wound Infection
Authors: BencinI Pier Luca , Galimberti Michela , Signorini Massimo 
Published: June 2013

background. Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful oxiding agent with broad spectrum germicidal activity and good liposolubility. Therefore, it may represent a good agent for prevention of wound infection in areas with high density of sebaceous glands.objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of topical benzolyl peroxide gel for prevention of surgical skin wound infections in the centrofacial area.methods. A prospective study was performed on 673 patients. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A, 335 patients, was given no antibacterial prophylaxis. In group B, 338 patients, prophylactic medication with a gel containing 10% benzoyl peroxide was performed once a day for the 7 days before the surgery.results. Thirteen of 673 patients had wound infections (2.93%). Eleven of these 13 patients were in group A (3.24%) and two were in group B (0.59%) (P < .01).conclusions. Topical benzoyl peroxide is an efficacious, harmless, and inexpensive agent for prevention of wound infections in seborrheic regions.