bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dissection to Residents in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Sundaram Krishnamurthi , Aynehchi Behrad Ben 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundVarious approaches can be employed when teaching thyroidectomy. Delivery of the gland prior to complete dissection and identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is sometimes utilized in the absence of laryngeal nerve monitoring (LNM), while identification and dissection of the RLN from the gland is more feasible in the presence of LNM. We hypothesized that teaching RLN dissection technique to residents as primary surgeons (using loupes and nerve monitoring) did not increase postoperative morbidity in head and neck endocrine surgery.Materials and methodsIn 101 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomies/parathyroidectomies, we have modified our technique to teach our residents consistent early identification of the RLN in the paratracheal region by direct visualization (loupe magnification) and nerve stimulation. All patients had preoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopy and a repeat laryngoscopy 1 week after surgery. Presence or absence of true vocal fold paralysis/paresis was documented.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen surgical procedures were available for study. One patient developed a permanent vocal fold paralysis (1/119 or 0.84%). There was another patient with a vocal fold paresis which recovered in 4 weeks (1/119 or 0.84%).ConclusionThe RLN dissection technique with early identification, dissection and preservation of the nerve using magnification combined with nerve monitoring has emerged as an important resident teaching tool. The morbidity rate is acceptable. Notably in light of the increasing rates of thyroid surgery and LNM utilization, resident physicians may benefit from exposure to this technique as a component of their training.How to cite this articleSundaram K, Aynehchi BB. Teaching Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dissection to Residents in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):5-7.
Use of Miniplates in Parasymphysis Fractures: A Survey Conducted among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India
Authors: Saluja Harish , Dehane Vipin , Kini Yogesh , Mahindra Uma 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAim:Aim of the study was to find out the number of miniplates used by Indian oral and maxillofacial surgeons for parasymphysis fractures.Study designA survey was done among oral and maxillofacial surgeons of India at the 34th annual meeting of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Four questions were given to each individual to find out their opinion regarding use of miniplates in parasymphysis fractures.ResultsEighty-eight percent of Indian surgeons were in favor of using intraoperative or postoperative intermaxillary fixation. Thirty-eight percent responded in favor of using single miniplate for parasymphysis fracture instead of using two miniplates. 54% maxillofacial surgeons use various modifications depending on different conditions. 42% of maxillofacial surgeons accepted that lower arch bar can be used as a tension band.ConclusionUse of miniplates for the treatment of parasymphysis fracture varies from center to center and from surgeon to surgeon. Though miniplates are best used following Champy's principle, still many surgeons use single miniplate. Arch bars placed for intermaxillary fixation can be used as a tension band, again eliminating the need for upper plate.How to cite this articleSaluja H, Dehane V, Kini Y, Mahindra U. Use of Miniplates in Parasymphysis Fractures: A Survey Conducted among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):8-10.
Impact of HIV on Head and Neck in South India: A Cytology Study
Authors: Ramachandra Naik Balachandra 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTSouth India is now endemic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Government and other organizations statistics are not correlating with our laboratory records. We are getting increased HIV-positive cases for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at our laboratory. Our past statistics of cytology lesions are altered due to opportunistic infections in HIV-positives, so, we decided to find the real incidences of various opportunistic diseases in HIV-positives pertaining mainly to head and neck only, because, this part of body is the major contributor for our fine needle aspiration cytology workload.Conducted free ELISA test for all, prior to FNAC procedure to separate immune competent, then study was conducted using available resources in well-planned procedure for definitive diagnosis.In 1 year, we did 3,407 FNAC, 2,283 (67%) FNAC cases were belongs to head and neck. We got 359 (10.53%) HIV-positive patients including 317 (88.3%) from head and neck, male to female ratio was 1.55:1, cervical lymph node swellings were 89.2%, followed by oral cavity 6%. Youngest patient was 7-year-old and oldest was 54-year, mean age was 26.5 years.It is very difficult to reduce the incidences and the spread of HIV infection by government/other organizations efforts, needs vigorous effective effort to educate youths of all sections, which is remote for India.How to cite this articleRamachandra NB. Impact of HIV on Head and Neck in South India: A Cytology Study. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):11-14.
Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Maraignanam Gopinath , Somu L 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTSinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare tumor of the paranasal sinuses, that shows combined features of both malignant teratoma and carcinosarcoma. It was earlier called teratoid carcinosarcoma or blastoma or teratocarcinoma or malignant teratoma. Its pecularity is its highly aggressive nature with a 5 years survival rate of 45% with treatment according to published statistics. Its treatment modality is a combination of surgery and radiotherapy. Here, we report one such case who presented with a history of one episode of torrential bleeding from left nostril and nasal obstruction for 3 months for which total excision of the tumor was done by endoscopic-assisted left lateral rhinotomy approach. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma and she was subsequently administered radiotherapy postoperatively.How to cite this articleMohanty S, Maraignanam G, Somu L. Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A Rare Clinical Entity. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):22-23.
A Rare Case of Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Nanjundappa A , Amirtham Usha , Thyagarajan Shivakumar , Shivappa Akshay , Burrah Rajaram 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare invasive malignancy arising from the ductal epithelium of the major salivary glands, especially the parotid gland. These are an uncommon but distinct group of highly malignant salivary gland tumors. This malignancy is well known for its aggressive behavior, metastasis to distant sites and high mortality rate. Few cases of SDC arising from minor salivary glands have been reported in literature. Till now no case has been reported to be occurring in the minor salivary glands of the hypopharynx. In this article, we present a case of salivary duct carcinoma of a 44-year-old male patient occurring in the minor salivary glands of the hypopharynx. The relevant literature and its treatment aspects are discussed.How to cite this articleVeerabhadraiah P, Nanjundappa A, Amirtham U, Thyagarajan S, Shivappa A, Burrah R. A Rare Case of Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):25-27.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Anand Akash , Yang Christina J , Amedee Ronald G , Naing Win , Hebert Aynaud Foster 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionMalignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) metastatic to the thyroid is rare. In this case report and literature review, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of MFH.Materials and methodsWe present a case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid. A literature review on malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the thyroid was performed.ResultsWe present a case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid from a lower extremity primary, treated by excision. The initial diagnosis of MFH metastatic to the thyroid relies on history and histopathology. Treatment is excision, sometimes followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.ConclusionThis is the sixth documented case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid. Due to the rarity of this disease, treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.How to cite this articleYang CJ, Anand A, Amedee RG, Naing W, Hebert AF. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1): 30-32.
Sublingual Schwannoma: A Rare Clinical Entity reported in a Hypothyroid Female
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Ravishankara S , Appaji Mohan K , Goutham MK 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchwannomas are solitary, encapsulated tumor usually attached to, or surrounded by a nerve and are not associated with von Recklinghausen's disease and rarely show malignant degeneration.SettingDepartment of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, KVG Medical College, Sullia.Case reportA 68-year-old female presented with pain at the left side of the tongue since 1 month. Also a firm to soft 7 × 5 cm sublingual swelling of long-standing duration was seen. FNAC was inconclusive and contrast CT showed a sublingual swelling with mild-contrast enhancement.InterventionSublingual excision of the tumor was done under general anesthesia and the tumor enucleated. No complications were seen and the recovery was uneventful. Histopathological report came as benign schwannoma and immunoreactive to S- 100 protein.ConclusionMost of the intraoral schwannomas are managed by complete surgical excision and recurrence are not reported. Malignant transformation is not seen in any of the intraoral schwannomas but definite preoperative diagnosis is necessary to avoid wide excision when the tumors can be easily enucleated without recurrence.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Goutham MK, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK. Sublingual Schwannoma: A Rare Clinical Entity reported in a Hypothyroid Female. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):33-39.
Cavernous Hemangioma of Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Bhardwar Vaneeta , Kaur Kulbir , Arora Sonia 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTCavernous hemangiomas are slow growing and tend to be locally destructive secondary to a pressure effect. Despite the high incidence of head and neck hemangiomas, those located in the sinonasal region are rare and those originating in the sinus mucosa are extremely rare. We present here a case report of cavernous hemangioma of the sinonasal region presenting as nasal mass with epistaxis in a 36-year-old male with CT diagnosis of antrochoanal polyp.How to cite this articleSeth S, Kaur K, Bhardwar V. Cavernous Hemangioma of Maxillary Sinus. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):42-44.
Occult Neoplasm (Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma) in a Parotid Cyst
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Kulkarni Anuja Santosh 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA parotid cyst is a well-documented clinical entity. Here we report a case of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma as an occult neoplasm; a rare presentation of a parotid cyst in a 35-year-old female patient who presented with well-defined small cystic swelling of right parotid gland; cytologically consistent with a simple parotid gland cyst. The purpose of this article is to create awareness about existence of an occult neoplasm (low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in this case) in a small simple parotid cyst in a young female an unusual presentation and management of parotid cyst.How to cite this articleKulkarni AS, Karnik P. Occult Neoplasm (mucoepidermoid carcinoma) in a Parotid Cyst. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):53-55.
Description of corrections on electrode polarization impedance using isopotential interface factor
Authors: A. Gómez-Sánchez J. , J. Felice C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an equation and define the Isopotential Interface Factor (IIF) to quantify the contribution of electrode polarization impedance in two tetrapolar electrode shapes. The first tetrapolar electrode geometry shape was adjacent and the second axial concentric, both probes were made of stainless steel (AISI 304). The experiments were carried out with an impedance analyzer (Solartron 1260) using a frequency range between 0.1 Hz and 8 MHz. Based on a theoretical simplification, the experimental results show a lower value of the IIF in the axial concentric tetrapolar electrode system which caused a lower correction of interface value. The higher value of the IIF in the adjacent electrode system was KEEI (1Hz, 0.28 mS/cm) = 1.41 and decreased when the frequency and conductance were increased, whereas in the axial concentric electrode system was KEEI (1Hz, 0.28 mS/cm) = 0.08. The average isopotential interface factor throughout the whole range of conductivities and frequencies was 0.23 in the adjacent electrode system and 0.02 in the axial concentric electrode system. The index of inherent electrical anisotropy (IEA) was used to present an analysis of electrical anisotropy of biceps brachii muscle in vitro using the corrections of both tetrapolar electrode systems. A higher IEA was present in lower frequency where the variation below 1 kHz was 15 % in adjacent electrode configuration and 26 % in the axial concentric probe with respect to full range. The IIF is then shown that it can be used to describe the quality of an electrode system.
Amyloid‐beta oligomerization in Alzheimer dementia versus high‐pathology controls
Authors: Esparza Thomas J. , Zhao Hanzhi , Cirrito John R. , Cairns Nigel J. , Bateman Randall J. , Holtzman David M. , Brody David L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:Although amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide deposition into insoluble plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease; soluble oligomeric Aβ has been hypothesized to more directly underlie impaired learning and memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type. However, the lack of a sensitive, specific, and quantitative assay for Aβ oligomers has hampered rigorous tests of this hypothesis.Methods:We developed a plate‐based single molecule counting fluorescence immunoassay for oligomeric Aβ sensitive to low pg/ml concentrations of synthetic Aβ dimers using the same Aβ‐specific monoclonal antibody to both capture and detect Aβ. The Aβ oligomer assay does not recognize monomeric Aβ, amyloid precursor protein, or other non‐Aβ peptide oligomers.Results:Aβ oligomers were detected in aqueous cortical lysates from patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and nondemented patients with Aβ plaque pathology. However, Aβ oligomer concentrations in demented patients' lysates were tightly correlated with Aβ plaque coverage (r = 0.88), but this relationship was weaker in those from nondemented patients (r = 0.30) despite equivalent Aβ plaque pathology. The ratio of Aβ oligomer levels to plaque density fully distinguished demented from nondemented patients, with no overlap between groups in this derived variable. Other Aβ and plaque measures did not distinguish demented from nondemented patients. Aβ oligomers were not detected in cerebrospinal fluid with this assay.Interpretation:The results raise the intriguing hypothesis that the linkage between plaques and oligomers may be a key pathophysiological event underlying dementia of the Alzheimer type. This Aβ oligomer assay may be useful for many tests of the oligomer hypothesis. ANN NEUROL 2013
Provision of an explanation for the inefficacy of immunotherapy in sporadic inclusion body myositis: Quantitative assessment of inflammation and β‐amyloid in the muscle
Authors: Zschüntzsch Jana , Voss Joachim , Creus Kim , Sehmisch Stephan , Raju Raghavan , Dalakas Marinos C. , Schmidt Jens 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM), inflammation and accumulation of β‐amyloid–associated molecules cause muscle fiber damage. We undertook this study to determine why intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and prednisone are not effective in sporadic IBM despite their effectiveness in other inflammatory myopathies.MethodsRelevant inflammatory and degeneration‐ associated markers were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in repeated muscle biopsy specimens from patients with sporadic IBM treated in a controlled study with IVIG and prednisone (n = 5) or with prednisone alone (n = 5). Functional effects were assessed in a muscle cell culture model.ResultsIn muscle biopsy specimens, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CCL3, and CCL4 and of the cytokines interferon‐γ (IFNγ), transforming growth factor β, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and IL‐1β was significantly reduced after treatment in both groups. No consistent changes were observed for tumor necrosis factor α, IL‐6, inducible costimulator (ICOS), its ligand ICOSL, and perforin. Messenger RNA expression of the degeneration‐associated molecule ubiquitin and the heat‐shock protein αB‐crystallin was also reduced, but no changes were noted for amyloid precursor protein (APP) or desmin. By immunohistochemistry, a significant down‐modulation of chemokines was observed, but not of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, nitrotyrosine, IL‐1β, APP, and ubiquitin; β‐amyloid was reduced in 6 of 10 patients. Pronounced staining of IgG was observed in the muscle after treatment with IVIG, indicating penetration of infused IgG into the muscle and a possible local effect. In muscle cells exposed to IFNγ plus IL‐1β, IgG and/or prednisone down‐regulated mRNA expression of IL‐1β 2.5‐fold. Accumulation of β‐amyloid, overexpression of αB‐crystallin, and cell death were prevented. In contrast, NO‐associated cell stress remained unchanged.ConclusionIVIG and prednisone reduce some inflammatory and degenerative molecules in muscle of patients with sporadic IBM and in vitro, but do not sufficiently suppress myotoxic and cell stress mediators such as NO. The data provide an explanation for the resistance of sporadic IBM to immunotherapy and identify markers that may help to design novel treatment strategies.
History and Philosophy of Science. Zwischen Deskription und Konstruktion
Authors: Stadler Friedrich 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHistory and Philosophy of Science. Between Description and Construction. Taking into consideration the huge amount of programs and departments in ‘History and Philosophy of Science’ (HPS), partly including also technology and sociology of science, the rather weak theoretical conceptualization of this field seems surprising. HPS is conceived of neither as a mere addition of history of science and philosophy of science, nor as a good will parallel action. Therefore, the question arises about the genuine subject and method of this trans‐ and interdisciplinary field of research and teaching. The recent postulate of an “integrated HPS” indicates the need of a closer and more intrinsic cooperation and interaction between history of science and philosophy of science (covering also the social and cultural sciences) from a theoretical and practical point of view. In addition, there should be no more privileging of any part in this joint scholarly enterprise by overcoming the context of discovery and the context of justification. Some best practices and desiderata are mentioned together with the forgotten history of the philosophy of science itself. Based on the description of the scholarly field an ideal‐typical model of HPS is offered.
Advances in Quantitative FRET‐Based Methods for Studying Nucleic Acids
Authors: Preus Søren , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for monitoring molecular distances and interactions at the nanoscale level. The strong dependence of transfer efficiency on probe separation makes FRET perfectly suited for “on/off” experiments. To use FRET to obtain quantitative distances and three‐dimensional structures, however, is more challenging. This review summarises recent studies and technological advances that have improved FRET as a quantitative molecular ruler in nucleic acid systems, both at the ensemble and at the single‐molecule levels.
Objectifying the impact of incomplete revascularization by repeat angiographic risk assessment with the residual SYNTAX score after left main coronary artery percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Capodanno Davide , Chisari Alberto , Giacoppo Daniele , Bonura Salvatore , Lavanco Vincenzo , Capranzano Piera , Caggegi Anna , Ministeri Margherita , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesWe investigated the prognostic accuracy of a standardized quantification of incomplete revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) named residual SYNTAX score (rSS).BackgroundPrognostic implications of coronary lesions left untreated after ULMCA PCI are confounded by the lack of a uniform definition of incomplete revascularization.MethodsBaseline SYNTAX score (bSS), rSS, and the difference between bSS and rSS (ΔSS) were assessed in predicting the risk of 2‐year cardiac mortality of 400 patients undergoing ULMCA PCI.ResultsThe rSS and bSS showed comparable discrimination (rSS area under the curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–0.83; bSS AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.84). Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics were 0.60 for rSS (P = 0.44) and 2.45 (P = 0.12) for bSS, reflecting better calibration ability of the rSS. The ΔSS provided the worst discrimination and calibration characteristics (AUC 0.55; 95% CI 0.44–0.66; Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic 3.13, P = 0.08). The rSS was independently associated with the 2‐year adjusted‐risk of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.12, P = 0.001). The risk information from both the rSS and bSS slightly improved the discrimination ability compared with risk information from each single risk assessment (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.86) with a net reclassification improvement of +14.2% and +13.6% over rSS and bSS alone, respectively.ConclusionsThe rSS carries a prognostic value as independent predictor of 2‐year cardiac mortality. Compared with a single assessment of the SYNTAX score, information coming from repeat assessment of the angiographic risk may improve the ability to discriminate and reclassify patients undergoing ULMCA PCI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anion‐Responsive Diguanidinium‐Based Chiral Organogelators
Authors: Valero Julián , Escuder Beatriu , Miravet Juan F. , de Mendoza Javier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe chiral bicyclic diguanidinium chloride 1 forms gels in aromatic apolar solvents. The gels were characterized at different levels of organization, from the macroscopic to the molecular level by using microscopy, spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction. The dependency on chirality has been highlighted by circular dichroism and electron microscopy. Furthermore, the gel has been shown to be effectively responsive to anionic stimuli, thus allowing the reversible control of the organic‐phase gelation in contact with different salted aqueous solutions.