bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FRAMESELF: an ontology‐based framework for the self‐management of machine‐to‐machine systems
Authors: Alaya Mahdi Ben , Monteil Thierry 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMachine‐to‐machine (M2M) systems need to connect thousands of heterogeneous machines that are widely distributed and frequently evolve according to their environment changes. Keeping such systems alive is costly in terms of time and money. The increasing complexity of M2M communications places M2M development and research under strain. Autonomic computing paradigm is widely believed to be a promising solution to self‐manage this complexity. This paper proposes FRAMESELF, an ontology‐based framework designed for the self‐configuration of M2M communications. A variety of communication modules based on service‐oriented and event‐driven communication patterns is dynamically selected and configured in deployment plans. A generic and extensible control loop components diagram detailing the monitoring, analyzing, planning, and executing processes are provided. Ontology models describing the M2M architecture and M2M communication patterns are proposed. A smart metering use case is experimented to validate the proposed approach and to calculate the overload generated by FRAMESELF facing scalability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking moving objects using topographical indexing
Authors: Alamri Sultan , Taniar David , Safarb Maytham , Al‐Khalidi Haidar 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWith the increasing popularity of Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies, many applications have been developed that are able to browse and monitor their GPS tracks on mobile objects. However, a large number of applications focus only on the region (not the exact coordinate location) where mobile objects are located. Not only the exact coordinate locations of moving objects are not needed but also the exact coordinate locations may sometime be distorted because of the inaccuracy of tracking systems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient data structure index for the moving objects based on their regional location. The topographical outdoor‐tree (TO‐tree) is based on the connectivity (adjacency) between outdoor cells space. The proposed index can support and enable efficient query processing and efficient updates of moving objects in outdoor space cells. The TO‐tree can serve spatial, topological, and adjacency queries. Experiments suggest that the TO‐tree performs efficiently and incurs less update cost while maintaining satisfactory performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Green Supercapacitor Composed Entirely of Environmentally Friendly Materials
Authors: Dyatkin Boris , Presser Volker , Heon Min , Lukatskaya Maria R. , Beidaghi Majid , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOwing to recent power‐ and energy‐density advances, higher efficiencies, and almost unlimited lifetimes, electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs, also known as supercapacitors) are now used in a wide range of energy harvesting and storage systems, which include portable power and grid applications. Despite offering key performance advantages, many device components pose significant environmental hazards once disposed. They often contain fluorine, sulfur, and cyanide groups, which are harmful if discarded by using conventional landfill or incineration methods, and they are constructed by using multiple metallic parts, which contribute to a high ash content. We explore designs for a fully operational supercapacitor that incorporates materials completely safe to dispose of and easy to incinerate. The components, which include material alternatives for the current collector, electrolyte, separator, particle binder, and packaging, are all mutually compatible, and most of them exhibit better performance than commonly used materials. We selected a graphite foil as current collector, sodium acetate as electrolyte, an ester as porous membrane based on acetate cellulose, and polymers based on polyvinyl alcohol as environmentally benign solutions for device components. The presented materials all originate from simple and inexpensive source compounds, which decreases the environmental impact of their manufacture and renders them more viable for integration into commercial devices for large‐scale stationary and transportation energy storage applications.
Epidemic routing based on adaptive compression of vectors: efficient low‐delay routing for opportunistic networks based on adaptive compression of vectors
Authors: Ren Zhi , Peng Shuang , Chen Hong , Fang Jun , Chen Qianbin 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn the study of routing in opportunistic networks, we find that there are some redundant overhead when the existing epidemic‐based routing algorithms exchange summary vectors (SVs) and request vectors (RVs), and store SVs. To address this issue, we propose an efficient low‐delay routing algorithm, epidemic routing based on adaptive compression of vectors (ERACV). Our proposed algorithm adaptively shortens the length of SVs and RVs by compressing the same bit sequences, optimizes the mechanism of exchanging SVs and RVs, and improves the order of transmitting data packets. Theoretical analysis verifies the effectiveness of ERACV in decreasing redundant overhead and packet delay. Simulation results show that ERACV reduces SVs’ storage and control overheads by at least 18.0% and 35.8%, respectively, as well as decreases the average end‐to‐end delay of data packets by more than 2.5%, as compared with epidemic routing algorithm and message transmission control scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analysis reveals profound responses of plant traits to glacial CO2 levels
Authors: Temme A. A. , Cornwell W. K. , Cornelissen J. H. C. , Aerts R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA general understanding of the links between atmospheric CO2 concentration and the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere requires not only an understanding of plant trait responses to the ongoing transition to higher CO2 but also the legacy effects of past low CO2. An interesting question is whether the transition from current to higher CO2 can be thought of as a continuation of the past trajectory of low to current CO2 levels. Determining this trajectory requires quantifying the effect sizes of plant response to low CO2. We performed a meta‐analysis of low CO2 growth experiments on 34 studies with 54 species. We quantified how plant traits vary at reduced CO2 levels and whether C3 versus C4 and woody versus herbaceous plant species respond differently. At low CO2, plant functioning changed drastically: on average across all species, a 50% reduction in current atmospheric CO2 reduced net photosynthesis by 38%; increased stomatal conductance by 60% and decreased intrinsic water use efficiency by 48%. Total plant dry biomass decreased by 47%, while specific leaf area increased by 17%. Plant types responded similarly: the only significant differences being no increase in SLA for C4 species and a 16% smaller decrease in biomass for woody C3 species at glacial CO2. Quantitative comparison of low CO2 effect sizes to those from high CO2 studies showed that the magnitude of response of stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and SLA to increased CO2 can be thought of as continued shifts along the same line. However, net photosynthesis and dry weight responses to low CO2 were greater in magnitude than to high CO2. Understanding the causes for this discrepancy can lead to a general understanding of the links between atmospheric CO2 and plant responses with relevance for both the past and the future.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Co3S4‐Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Grace Andrews Nirmala , Ramachandran Rajendran , Vinoba Mari , Choi Song Yi , Chu Dae Hyun , Yoon Yeoil , Nam Sung Chan , Jeong Soon Kwan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNanocomposites of Co3S4 grown on nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) (Co3S4‐NG) have been prepared at various concentrations of NG. The supercapacitive behaviors of the developed nanocomposites were assessed with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent capacitive behavior with a high specific capacitance of 2427 F/g at 2 mV/s in Co3S4‐NG‐7 composite (7 indicates the percentage weight ratio of NG). The superior electrochemical performances could be due to synergistic effects between Co3S4 and NG, high charge mobility and good flexibility of graphene structures. These results indicate that the developed hybrid materials are promising candidates for high performance energy applications.
Interaction Between DNA and Some Salicylic Acid Derivatives and Characterization of Their DNA Targets
Authors: Abedi M. , Bathaie S. Z. , Mousavi M. F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA nanofiber polypyrrole (PPy) film was electrochemically deposited on a Pt electrode and used for immobilization of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and investigation of hybridization events. Then, the interaction of DNA with four salicylic acid (SA) derivatives was studied with electrochemical methods. The oxidation peak of guanine was decreased by increasing the concentrations of salicylic acid derivatives. The binding constants of these compounds with four different sequences of DNA including different percentages of guanine‐cytosine and adenine‐thymine bases were calculated and it was clarified that sequences with higher percentage of adenine‐thymine bases have a higher binding constant in their interaction with SA derivatives.
Performance analysis of full duplex decode‐and‐forward cooperative relaying over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Sharma Prabhat Kumar , Garg Parul 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the error and outage performances of a dual hop, decode‐and‐forward cooperative system where the relay is equipped with full duplex relaying capabilities in a generalised fading environment. We evaluate the error performance in terms of average symbol error rate for M‐ary phase shift keying and obtain the exact closed form expression for M = 2. We also derive the exact closed form expression for outage probability considering flat, independent but not necessarily identical Nakagami‐m fading channels for full duplex relaying. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient second‐order time integration for single‐species aerosol formation and evolution
Authors: Winkelmann Christoph , Nordlund Markus , Kuczaj Arkadiusz K. , Stolz Steffen , Geurts Bernard J. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe dynamics of a single‐species aerosol composed of droplets in air is described in terms of nucleation, evaporation, condensation, and coagulation processes. We present a comprehensive overview of the Euler–Euler formulation, which gives rise to a model in which fast nucleation that initiates aerosol droplets co‐exists with comparably slow condensation. The latter process is responsible for the subsequent growth of the droplets. To accurately represent the dynamical consequences of the fast nucleation process, while retaining numerical efficiency, a new second‐order time‐integration method for the nucleation, evaporation, and condensation processes is proposed and analyzed. The new time‐integration method takes the form of a ‘corrected Euler forward’ method. It includes rapid nucleation bursts and their possible cessation within a time step Δt. If the current nucleation burst persists for longer than the next time step, it is included fully, whereas cessation of the nucleation burst within the next Δt implies corrections to the effective rates in the algorithm. The identification of these two situations corresponds to the physical mechanism by which nucleation of a supersaturated vapor is halted because of the progressing condensation onto the already formed droplets. The resulting time‐integration method is shown to be second‐order accurate in time, whereas the computational costs per time step were found to be increased by less than 25% compared with the Euler forward method. The new method is also applied in combination with advective transport of the aerosol forming vapor to investigate a front of rapid nucleation. Adopting robust first‐order upwinding for the spatial discretization, we arrive at a flexible method that shows an overall first‐order convergence in Δt. For the full, spatially dependent system motivated by an aerosol of water droplets in air, the computational benefits of the new time‐integration method over the Euler forward scheme, are a factor of about 10 improvements in accuracy at a given Δt and a similar factor in computing time when keeping the same level of accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐ and gender‐related regional variations of human brain cortical thickness, complexity, and gradient in the third decade
Authors: Creze Maud , Versheure Leslie , Besson Pierre , Sauvage Chloe , Leclerc Xavier , Jissendi‐Tchofo Patrice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBrain functional and cytoarchitectural maturation continue until adulthood, but little is known about the evolution of the regional pattern of cortical thickness (CT), complexity (CC), and intensity or gradient (CG) in young adults. We attempted to detect global and regional age‐ and gender‐related variations of brain CT, CC, and CG, in 28 healthy young adults (19–33 years) using a three‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence and surface‐based methods. Whole brain interindividual variations of CT and CG were similar to that in the literature. As a new finding, age‐ and gender‐related variations significantly affected brain complexity (P < 0.01) on posterior cingulate and middle temporal cortices (age), and the fronto‐orbital cortex (gender), all in the right hemisphere. Regions of interest analyses showed age and gender significant interaction (P < 0.05) on the temporopolar, inferior, and middle temporal‐entorrhinal cortices bilaterally, as well as left inferior parietal. In addition, we found significant inverse correlations between CT and CC and between CT and CG over the whole brain and markedly in precentral and occipital areas. Our findings differ in details from previous reports and may correlate with late brain maturation and learning plasticity in young adults' brain in the third decade. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2817–2835, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FORECASTING DISCONNECTED EXCHANGE RATES
Authors: Berge Travis J. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe inability of empirical models to forecast exchange rates has given rise to the belief that exchange rates are disconnected from macroeconomic fundamentals. This paper addresses the potential disconnect by endogenously selecting forecast models from a broad set of fundamentals. The procedure shows that exchange rates are not disconnected from fundamentals, but fundamentals vary in their predictive content at different forecast horizons and for different currencies. Performing model selection out‐of‐sample is challenging. At short horizons, the method cannot outperform a random walk, although the performance is improved at long horizons. These findings are confirmed across currencies and forecast evaluation methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The radiative environment of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wonsick Margaret M. , Pinker Rachel T. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Tibetan Plateau, also known as the Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia. It occupies an area of around 2.3 million km2 and has an average elevation of over 4500 m. The plateau is interspersed with mountain ranges, has a strong thermal effect on its atmospheric environment, and influences regional and global climate. As the depth of the atmosphere over the plateau is much smaller than its surroundings, the impact of solar radiation on heating the plateau is magnified. At present, observations of shortwave (SW) fluxes over the plateau are very meager and satellite estimates are very coarse. Therefore, estimating the role of radiation in the total heat budget of the plateau is difficult. We use an updated version of the University of Maryland Surface Radiation Budget model driven with observations from Meteosat‐5 to characterize clouds and surface SW radiative fluxes at high‐temporal and spatial resolution (hourly at 0.125°). Results are presented for a period of 5 years in terms of means and variability in space, time, and the context of the regional monsoon regimes. Maximum monthly mean values of SW flux near 360 Wm−2 occur in May and June, mainly in the western plateau. Minimum values of 120–150 Wm−2 are most widespread in December and January. An anomaly in clouds and SW fluxes in the plateau during the Indian monsoon drought year of 2002 is discovered and discussed. The objective of this study is to provide improved estimates of cloud amounts and radiative fluxes over the plateau in unprecedented detail and with consideration of the plateau conditions. It is anticipated that this information will be useful as a benchmark for the evaluation of numerical models that are known to have difficulties in this complex region and for hydrological modelling.
Statistical analysis of Indian rainfall and rice productivity anomalies over the last decades
Authors: Subash N. , Gangwar B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMonsoon fluctuations have a reflective influence on rice productivity, which is the main foodgrain in India. The impact of El Niño on spatial variability of summer monsoon rainfall and thereby kharif rice productivity was analysed for the period 1974–2009. It was clear from the analysis that the delayed onset of monsoon along with El Niño has varied influences on rice productivity over different rice growing states as well as over India. Out of eight El Niño years, 6 years received deficit rainfall during monsoon season. But, the quantity of deficit varies from −20.3% in 2002 to −5.5% in 1991. The monthly distribution of monsoon rainfall shows higher frequency of deficit occurred during July and September. Interestingly, all El Niño years, except in 1997, September received deficit in rainfall which indicate the early withdrawal of monsoon. During 8 moderate and strong El Niño years, 5 years the kharif rice productivity falls below the technological trend ranging by between −4.3% in 1986 and −13.8% in 2002 over India. There exists a wide spatial variability of normalized kharif rice productivity anomaly during moderate El Niño event, with a maximum of −21.9% over Gujarat followed by −15.9% at Maharashtra. However, during the strong El Niño event, there is a maximum of −14.2% at Bihar to −6.6% over Maharashtra. The correlation between normalized monthly rainfall anomaly and rice productivity anomaly during the El Niño years indicated that July rainfall contributed 71% of the variations in rice productivity. Analysis of El Niño impact on spatial rice productivity may be useful for formulating farm‐level site specific management planning and policy decisions.
At What Depth Are The Properties of a Gypseous Forest Topsoil Affected By Burning?
Authors: Aznar Javier M. , González‐Pérez José A. , Badía David , Martí Clara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWildfires represent one of the main factors of land degradation in Mediterranean environments having negative effects to several ecosystem services. In this work, the fire‐induced changes associated with depth (O horizon and Ah at 0–1, 1–2 and 2–3 cm depths) were studied in a gypseous soil under Aleppo pine forest. Topsoil monoliths were burned in an outdoor combustion tunnel simulating a fire of moderate intensity. In the O horizon, burning caused an immediate and significant decrease in water repellency (WR), total organic carbon (TOC) and pyrolyzed carbon (PyC) and an increase in total inorganic carbon. The Ah horizon was also significantly affected by fire, but mainly in its first shallower centimetre and with a different direction according to soil properties: TOC, gypsum, WR and PyC decreased, whereas soil aggregate stability and pH increased. Soil burning not only involved the loss of the pre‐fire organic matter content of the O horizon and the upper centimetre of the Ah horizon but also decreased their relative abundance of markers of resins, lignin and polysaccharides. Moreover, the soil burning exerted the cracking of alkylic long‐chain molecular series, some of them until the 2 cm Ah depth. The reduction of organic lipophilic molecules in the upper soil centimetre may be related to the fire‐induced decreases in WR. Moderate burning of the studied gypseous ochric horizon does not modify any of the properties studied at depths greater than 2 cm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical variables used in Huntington disease research
Authors: Franciosi Sonia , Shim Yaein , Lau Margaret , Hayden Michael R. , Leavitt Blair R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTreatment effect in Huntington disease (HD) clinical trials has relied on primary outcome measures such as total motor score or functional rating scales. However, these measures have limited sensitivity, particularly in pre‐ to early stages of the disease. We performed a systematic review of HD clinical studies to identify endpoints that correlate with disease severity. Using standard HD keywords and terms, we identified 749 published studies from 1993 to 2011 based on the availability of demographic, biochemical, and clinical measures. The average and variability of each measure was abstracted and stratified according to pre‐far, pre‐close, early, mild, moderate, and severe HD stages. A fixed‐effect meta‐analysis on selected variables was conducted at various disease stages. A total of 1,801 different clinical variables and treatment outcomes were identified. Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Motor, UHDRS Independence, and Trail B showed a trend toward separation between HD stages. Other measures, such as UHDRS Apathy, Verbal Fluency, and Symbol Digit, could only distinguish between pre‐ and early stages of disease and later stages, whereas other measures showed little correlation with increasing HD stages. Using cross‐sectional data from published HD clinical trials, we have identified potential endpoints that could be used to track HD disease progression and treatment effect. Longitudinal studies, such as TRACK‐HD, are critical for assessing the value of potential markers of disease progression for use in future HD therapeutic trials. A list of variables, references used in this meta‐analysis, and database is available at http://www.cmmt.ubc.ca/research/investigators/leavitt/publications. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prefrontal seizures manifesting as motor stereotypies
Authors: McGonigal Aileen , Chauvel Patrick 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe definition of stereotypies traditionally does not include “epileptic automatisms.” However repetitive, sometimes rhythmic behaviors can occur during frontal lobe seizures in a reproducible pattern for a given patient. Thus, the concept of a frontostriatal “motor loop” could be relevant to repetitive ictal behaviors.MethodsWe describe 17 patients with frontal lobe epilepsy who presented with motor and/or verbal stereotypies and who were explored using depth electrodes (stereoelectroencephalography [SEEG]) in the context of epilepsy presurgical evaluation.ResultsMotor patterns were typically reproducible between seizures for a given patient. Distal motor stereotypies were associated with anterior prefrontal localization, and proximal stereotypies were associated with posterior prefrontal localization.Conclusions“Stereotypy” is a useful term to describe ictal repetitive behaviors produced by prefrontal seizure discharge. The expression of distal and proximal stereotypies follows a rostrocaudal gradient within the frontal lobes. Exploration of the cortical compartment of frontostriatal networks in epileptic patients offers a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of stereotypies in vivo. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society