bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
αPIX RhoGEF Supports Positive Selection by Restraining Migration and Promoting Arrest of Thymocytes
Authors: Korthals Mark , Schilling Kerstin , Reichardt Peter , Mamula Dejan , Schlüter Thomas , Steiner Michael , Langnäse Kristina , Thomas Ulrich , Gundelfinger Eckart , Premont Richard T. , Tedford Kerry , Fischer Klaus-Dieter 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Thymocytes mature in a series of stages by migrating through specific areas of the thymus and interacting with other cells to receive the necessary developmental signals; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing this migration. We report that murine thymocytes with a knockout mutation in α-PAK (p21-activated kinase)-interacting exchange factor (PIX; Arhgef6), an activator of Rho GTPases, showed greatly increased motility and altered morphology in two-dimensional migration on ICAM-1. αPIX was also required for efficient positive selection, but not negative selection, of thymocytes. TCR signaling was normal in αPix− thymocytes, indicating that the effects of αPIX on positive selection are largely independent of TCR signaling. αPix− thymocytes also paused less during migration in the thymic cortex, interacted less with ICAM-1 coated beads, and could overcome TCR stop signals, consistent with defective scanning behavior. These results identify αPIX as a regulator of thymocyte migration and subsequent arrest that is linked to positive selection.
Recompositions territoriales autochtones en milieu urbain
Authors: Sepúlveda Bastien 
Published: March 2014

Après la conquête de leur territoire par l’armée chilienne à la fin duxixe siècle, les Mapuches ont été soumis à un intense processus de migration qui les a menés principalement vers les grandes villes du Chili. Ce phénomène n’a cessé de prendre de l’ampleur au fil des ans, au point que la société mapuche est aujourd’hui devenue majoritairement urbaine ; en effet, d’après les données du recensement de 2002, près de 65 % de la population autochtone du Chili résiderait en ville. Si cette forme de mobilité semble certes pouvoir être interprétée dans la perspective d’un départ contraint, elle traduit en même temps une incroyable capacité d’adaptation à une réalité changeante. À partir d’un travail mené avec des associations mapuches de l’agglomération de Concepción, dans le centre du Chili, cet article s’intéresse aux modes d’inscription de l’identité mapuche dans ce nouvel espace qu’est la ville et à la manière dont celui-ci se trouve finalement intégré à la structure territoriale autochtone.
Near‐prospective test of Coulomb stress triggering
Authors: Strader Anne , Jackson David D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNumerous studies retrospectively observed a strong association between earthquake location and increased static Coulomb stress. In addition to confirming these results for southern California seismicity, we observed prospective forecasting potential in static stress evolution. With 141 seismic and 98 aseismic stress sources, we considered alternate choices of stress components and receiver fault orientations, examined the effect of Coulomb triggering on earthquake magnitude, calculated stress histories for receiver quakes to see if some occurred after their stress had peaked, examined whether stress changes from the Hector Mine earthquake alone changed the earthquake rate as expected, and estimated the conditional distribution of earthquake occurrence given resolved Coulomb stress change. We found that with 95% confidence, M ≥ 2.8 receiver earthquakes nucleate in areas of shear or Coulomb stress change increase. On average, 59% of earthquakes occurred within stress‐enhanced zones, regardless of the choice of rupture plane or type of stress change. The 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake increased the seismicity in regions of positive and negative stress change but more so in the positive regions. Earthquakes frequently occur after their calculated peak stress has occurred, indicating that elastic calculations do not tell the whole story. We found no significant evidence that stress change affects the magnitude of receiver quakes. Thus, instantaneous Coulomb and shear stress change apparently influence the locations but not the magnitudes of future earthquakes.
Association of television viewing time with central obesity status in rural Asian Indian Women: Santiniketan women study
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Bhagat Minakshi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe present community based cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate anthropometric and body composition measures, and blood pressure characteristics by TV viewing times in rural women of Asian Indian Origin.MethodsA total of 343 apparently healthy rural Asian Indian women living in and around Santiniketan, West Bengal, India and aged between 25 and 65 years took part in the study. Anthropometric measures namely body mass index (BMI), percentages of body fat (PBF), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and intra‐abdominal visceral fat (IVF) were measured using an Omron body fat analyzer. Fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA), and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were calculated using standard techniques. Each individual was also asked how many minutes/day they spend watching TV.ResultsComparison of central obesity status (CNO = waist circumference < 80 cm and CO = waist circumference ≥ 80 cm) by TV viewing times (categories) revealed a significant difference [
14.29] for central obesity status across the groups.ConclusionIncreased leisure‐time activity was associated with central obesity status and warrant early intervention to prevent increasing incidences of cardiovascular disease in this population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:427–430, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms and effects of “fat taste” in humans
Authors: Tucker Robin M. , Mattes Richard D. , Running Cordelia A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEvidence supporting a “taste” cue from fat in the oral cavity continues to accrue. The proposed stimuli for fat taste, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), are released from food through hydrolytic rancidity and lipase activity derived from foods or saliva. NEFA must then be released from the food matrix, negotiate the aqueous environment to reach taste cell surfaces, and interact with receptors such as CD36 and GPR120 or diffuse across cell membranes to initiate a taste signal. Knowledge of these processes in non‐gustatory tissues should inform understanding of taste responses to NEFA. Additionally, downstream effects of oral triglyceride exposure have been observed in numerous studies. Data specific to effects of NEFA versus triglyceride are scarce, but modified sham feeding trials with triglyceride document cephalic phase responses including elevations in serum lipids and insulin as well as potential, but debated, effects on gut peptides, appetite, and thermogenesis. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which NEFA migrate to and interact with taste cells, and then we examine physiological responses to oral fat exposure. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(3):313–326, 2014
SMEs and the Potential for A Collaborative Path to Environmental Responsibility
Authors: Lewis Kate V. , Cassells Sue , Roxas Hernan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGlobally, the potential for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to collectively impact negatively on the environment is great. Therefore, the adoption, and maintenance, of environmentally responsible practices by this group of firms is especially critical. Studies of environmental practices successfully implemented by small firms have revealed that relationships with other firms, or other organizations, can contribute to greater awareness of the benefits of such activities and, therefore, enhance the possibility of environmental engagement. Collaborative relationships may provide opportunities for SMEs to overcome some of the barriers to implementing environmental initiatives associated with their size, and/or associated characteristics. This paper focuses on attitudes of SME owner‐managers to a variety of environmental issues (including regulation and voluntary standards), and to collaborating with other firms (in either a formal or informal sense). The data this paper draws upon are from two waves of an ongoing longitudinal survey of New Zealand SMEs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A generalized prestressing algorithm for finite element simulations of preloaded geometries with application to the aorta
Authors: Weisbecker Hannah , Pierce David M. , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYFinite element models reconstructed from medical imaging data, for example, computed tomography or MRI scans, generally represent geometries under in vivo load. Classical finite element approaches start from an unloaded reference configuration. We present a generalized prestressing algorithm based on a concept introduced by Gee et al. (Int. J. Num. Meth. Biomed. Eng. 26:52‐72, 2012) in which an incremental update of the displacement field in the classical approach is replaced by an incremental update of the deformation gradient field. Our generalized algorithm can be implemented in existing finite element codes with relatively low implementation effort on the element level and is suitable for material models formulated in the current or initial configurations. Applicable to any finite element simulations started from preloaded geometries, we demonstrate the algorithm and its convergence properties on an academic example and on a segment of a thoracic aorta meshed from MRI data. Furthermore, we present an example to discuss the influence of neglecting prestresses in geometries obtained from medical images, a topic on which conflicting statements are found in the literature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary examination of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels in women with purging disorder and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Dossat Amanda M. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Williams Diana L. , Eckel Lisa A. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined pre‐ and postprandial glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) levels in women with bulimia nervosa (BN), purging disorder (PD), and non‐eating disorder control women to better understand whether alterations in satiation‐related hormones in BN may be linked to binge‐eating episodes or other altered ingestive behaviors.MethodParticipants included women with BN (n = 19), PD (n = 14), or controls (n = 14). Participants provided subjective ratings for hunger and fullness and plasma samples before and after consumption of a standardized test meal.ResultsAs expected, GLP‐1 levels increased significantly following test meal consumption; however, participants with BN displayed significantly lower GLP‐1 levels compared to PD and control participants both before and after consumption of the test meal. There were no significant differences between PD and control participants in GLP‐1 levels, but individuals with PD displayed significantly higher levels of fullness throughout the test meal as compared to both control and BN participants.DiscussionOur findings provide preliminary evidence that reduced GLP‐1 levels in individuals with BN may be associated with binge‐eating episodes. Additionally, increased fullness in individuals with PD does not appear to be accounted for by exaggerated postprandial GLP‐1 release. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:199–205
Which Way Does the Wind Blow? Analysing the State Context for Renewable Energy Deployment in the United States
Authors: Fischlein Miriam , Feldpausch‐Parker Andrea M. , Peterson Tarla R. , Stephens Jennie C. , Wilson Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWind power is an important low‐carbon technology and the most rapidly growing renewable energy technology in the US, but there is significant state‐by‐state variation in wind power distribution. This variation cannot be explained solely by wind resource patterns or US state policy and points to the importance of both local and central governance. We outline the national context for wind deployment in the US and then explore the sub‐national, state‐level factors shaping wind deployment patterns. We probe the socio‐political context across four US states by integrating multiple research methods. Through comparative state‐level analysis of the energy system, energy policy, public discourse as represented in the media and state‐level, energy policy stakeholders' perceptions we examine variation in the context for wind deployment in Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana and Texas. Our results demonstrate that different patterns of wind deployment and different debates about wind power have emerged in each locale. Participants across the different states appear to frame the risks and benefits of wind power in significantly different ways. We discuss the impact of risks and benefit frames on energy policy outcomes. The comparative assessment highlights the complex interplay between central and local governance and explores the significant socio‐political variation between states. The study contributes to the understanding of energy technology deployment processes, decision‐making and energy policy outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
‘Going Green’?: The Limitations of Behaviour Change Programmes as a Policy Response to Escalating Resource Consumption
Authors: Moloney Susie , Strengers Yolande 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to a growing body of literature highlighting the limitations of behaviour change and the emergence of a social practice approach to reframe responses to escalating resource consumption. Drawing insights from interviews with Australian households and workshops with behaviour change practitioners, we demonstrate how the ‘Going Green’ discourse, which focuses on targeting individuals to participate in ‘easy’ sustainability actions, overlooks the majority of consumption implicated in everyday practices. This leaves unchallenged the complex ways in which our lives are becoming more resource intensive. We argue for an ontological framing of social change underpinned by theories of social practice. Rather than considering policies, regulations and infrastructures involving urban form, housing, transport and infrastructure provision as ‘external factors’ separate from behaviour, practice theories accord them integral status in the constitution of social order and change. This represents a more challenging agenda for practitioners and governments in shifting and transforming everyday life. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Online Diagnosis of PEMFC by Combining Support Vector Machine and Fluidic Model
Authors: Li Z. , Giurgea S. , Outbib R. , Hissel D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the online fault diagnosis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. In the proposed approach, support vector machine (SVM) and a fluidic model are correlated to realize the diagnosis of the faults on water management. With the help of the fluidic model, health states of the stack can be identified. This procedure is then dedicated to labeling the training data, which is used to train the dimension reduction model, named Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), and the SVM classifier. The online diagnosis can then be realized by using the trained FDA and SVM models. The proposed approach is illustrated by using the experimental data of a 20‐cell PEMFC stack. The feasibility of the approach for online implementation is also affirmed.
A gradual increase of iron toward the medial‐inferior tip of the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: de Hollander Gilles , Keuken Max C. , Bazin Pierre‐Louis , Weiss Marcel , Neumann Jane , Reimann Katja , Wähnert Miriam , Turner Robert , Forstmann Birte U. , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an important node of the cortico‐basal ganglia network and the main target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease. Histological studies have revealed an inhomogeneous iron distribution within the STN, which has been related to putative subdivisions within this nucleus. Here, we investigate the iron distribution in more detail using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast mechanism. QSM allows for detailed assessment of iron content in both in vivo and postmortem tissue. Twelve human participants and 7 postmortem brain samples containing the STN were scanned using ultra‐high field 7 Tesla (T) MRI. Iron concentrations were found to be higher in the medial‐inferior tip of the STN. Using quantitative methods we show that the increase of iron concentration towards the medial‐inferior tip is of a gradual rather than a discrete nature. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4440–4449, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intranasal submucosal bevacizumab for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Riss Dominik , Burian Martin , Wolf Axel , Kranebitter Veronika , Kaider Alexandra , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab (“Avastin”) for the treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).MethodsIn this double blind, placebo controlled trial, 15 adult patients with HHT with a minimum of 2 epistaxis episodes per week were randomized. A history of thromboembolic events or recent or planned surgery led to exclusion. Patients received a single intranasal submucosal injection (10 mL) of 100 mg bevacizumab or placebo. The primary outcome was the relative reduction of average daily epistaxis visual analog score (VAS).ResultsAverage daily posttreatment VAS scores decreased by 27% in the bevacizumab group and by 3% in the placebo group (p = .57). The reduction in HHT epistaxis severity scores was ‐0.61 greater in the bevacizumab group compared to the placebo group (p = .34).ConclusionResults show a trend toward reduced epistaxis with bevacizumab. This further supports the use of bevacizumab in HHT. Clincial Trials. gov number: NCT01314274 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 783–787, 2015
Improved NLDAS‐2 Noah‐simulated hydrometeorological products with an interim run
Authors: Xia Youlong , Peter‐Lidard Christa D. , Huang Maoyi , Wei Helin , Ek Mike 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) Noah simulation, the NLDAS team introduced an intermediate ‘fix’ to constrain the surface exchange coefficient when the atmospheric boundary layer is stable. In the current NLDAS‐2 Noah version, this fix is used for all stable cases including snow‐free grid cells. In this study, we simply apply this fix to the grid cells in which both stable atmospheric boundary layer and snow exist simultaneously, excluding the snow‐free grid cells as we recognize that the fix in NLDAS‐2 is too strong. We conduct a 31‐year (1979–2009) NLDAS‐2 Noah interim (Noah‐I) run and use observed streamflow, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, soil temperature, and ground heat flux to evaluate the results, including comparisons with the original NLDAS‐2 Noah run. The results show that Noah‐I has the same performance as NLDAS‐2 Noah for snow water equivalent; however, Noah‐I significantly improved the simulation of other hydrometeorological products as noted earlier when compared with NLDAS‐2 Noah and the observations. This simple modification is being included in the next Noah version used in NLDAS. The hydrometeorological products from the improved NLDAS‐2 Noah‐I are being staged on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction public server. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Objective validation of central sensitization in the rat UVB and heat rekindling model
Authors: Weerasinghe N.S. , Lumb B.M. , Apps R. , Koutsikou S. , Murrell J.C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe UVB and heat rekindling (UVB/HR) model shows potential as a translatable inflammatory pain model. However, the occurrence of central sensitization in this model, a fundamental mechanism underlying chronic pain, has been debated. Face, construct and predictive validity are key requisites of animal models; electromyogram (EMG) recordings were utilized to objectively demonstrate validity of the rat UVB/HR model.MethodsThe UVB/HR model was induced on the heel of the hind paw under anaesthesia. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) were obtained from biceps femoris EMG responses to a gradually increasing pinch at the mid hind paw region under alfaxalone anaesthesia, 96 h after UVB irradiation. MWT was compared between UVB/HR and SHAM‐treated rats (anaesthetic only). Underlying central mechanisms in the model were pharmacologically validated by MWT measurement following intrathecal N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK‐801, or saline.ResultsSecondary hyperalgesia was confirmed by a significantly lower pre‐drug MWT {mean [±standard error of the mean (SEM)]} in UVB/HR [56.3 (±2.1) g/mm2, n = 15] compared with SHAM‐treated rats [69.3 (±2.9) g/mm2, n = 8], confirming face validity of the model. Predictive validity was demonstrated by the attenuation of secondary hyperalgesia by MK‐801, where mean (±SEM) MWT was significantly higher [77.2 (±5.9) g/mm2 n = 7] in comparison with pre‐drug [57.8 (±3.5) g/mm2 n = 7] and saline [57.0 (±3.2) g/mm2 n = 8] at peak drug effect. The occurrence of central sensitization confirmed construct validity of the UVB/HR model.ConclusionsThis study used objective outcome measures of secondary hyperalgesia to validate the rat UVB/HR model as a translational model of inflammatory pain.
Efficacy of Different Sequences of Radio‐ and Chemotherapy in Experimental Models of Human Melanoma
Authors: Arienti Chiara , Zoli Wainer , Pignatta Sara , Carloni Silvia , Paganelli Giulia , Ulivi Paola , Romeo Antonino , Menghi Enrico , Sarnelli Anna , Medri Laura , Polico Rolando , Silvestrini Rosella , Tesei Anna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy have become the standard of care in numerous tumors, the mechanisms of interaction are often still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of radiation treatment and cisplatin sequences and to investigate their mechanisms of interaction. Three melanoma cell lines were used to evaluate in vitro radiation‐induced cytotoxicity before and after cisplatin treatment. Expression levels of a panel of genes were determined by real‐time RT‐PCR. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and Comet assay. We also used normal human dermal fibroblasts (HUDE) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the two treatments by clonogenic assay. Radiation and cisplatin used singly were not particularly effective in reducing proliferation in melanoma cells. Conversely, radiation treatment followed by cisplatin showed a strong synergistic interaction in all cell lines, with a ratio index ranging from 16 to >100. The synergistic effect was accompanied by apoptosis induction (up to 40%) and an increase in the percentage of comet‐shaped nucleoids from 85% to 99%. In parallel, our results also showed that radiation treatment of HUDE fibroblasts followed by cisplatin only induced weak cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the efficacy of the sequence radiation → cisplatin in reducing cell proliferation and in inducing apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. This sequence also modulated a network of proteins involved in DNA damage repair. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1548–1556, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.