bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome and its related factors among Asian immigrant women in Korea
Authors: Yang Sook Ja , Chee Yeon Kyung , Kim Jung A , An Jisook 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, we examined the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian immigrant women in Korea based on sociodemographics and health behavior‐related characteristics. The sample included 271 women from the Philippines, China, Vietnam, and other Asian countries through marriage. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and health examination. Among 67 immigrants who had complete data for determination of metabolic syndrome, 1.5% reported having metabolic syndrome, and 44.4% of the entire sample had reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is four times higher than their Korean‐born counterparts. After controlling for age, there were significant differences in body mass index, depending on the country of origin, and weight change since immigration. Immigrants who had gained weight since immigration also had higher systolic blood pressure and triglycerides. As well as weight change, immigrants who always consumed high‐fat diets were at risk of higher triglycerides. Immigrants living in urban areas had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. In order to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, interventions should be directed toward the prevention of weight gain and lower fat intake after immigrating to Korea.
Effects of elevated CO2 on the extractable amino acids of leaf litter and fine roots
Authors: Top Sara M. , Filley Timothy R. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations can change chemistry and input rate of plant tissue to soil, potentially influencing above‐ and below‐ground biogeochemical cycles. Given the important role played by leaf and root litter chemistry in controlling ecosystem function and vulnerability to environmental stresses, we investigated the hydrolyzable amino acid distribution and concentration in leaf and fine root litter among control and elevated CO2 treatments at the Rhinelander free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment (WI, USA).

We extracted hydrolyzable amino acids from leaf litter and fine (< 2 mm) roots at three depths for both control and elevated CO2 plots.

We found that elevated CO2 decreased the proportion of total leaf amino acid carbon (C), but had no effect on total leaf amino acid nitrogen (N). There was no treatment effect for total root amino acid N or amino acid C for any depth.

The decrease in leaf amino acids is probably a result of the shift of protein compounds to more structural compounds. Despite the decrease in leaf amino acid C concentrations, the overall increase in annual plant production under elevated CO2 would result in an increase in plant amino acids to the soil.
Mindfulness‐based interventions for obesity‐related eating behaviours: a literature review
Authors: O'Reilly G. A. , Cook L. , Spruijt‐Metz D. , Black D. S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) targeting eating behaviours have gained popularity in recent years. A literature review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of MBIs for treating obesity‐related eating behaviours, such as binge eating, emotional eating and external eating. A search protocol was conducted using the online databases Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO and Ovid Healthstar. Papers were required to meet the following criteria to be included in this review: (i) describe a MBI or the use of mindfulness exercises as part of an intervention; (ii) include at least one obesity‐related eating behaviour as an outcome; (iii) include quantitative outcomes; and (iv) be published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal. A total of N = 21 papers were included in this review. Interventions used a variety of approaches to implement mindfulness training, including combined mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapies, mindfulness‐based stress reduction, acceptance‐based therapies, mindful eating programmes, and combinations of mindfulness exercises. Targeted eating behaviour outcomes included binge eating, emotional eating, external eating and dietary intake. Eighteen (86%) of the reviewed studies reported improvements in the targeted eating behaviours. Overall, the results of this first review on the topic support the efficacy of MBIs for changing obesity‐related eating behaviours, specifically binge eating, emotional eating and external eating.
Captain America and Thriller: How Artistic Expressions Shape Mobilization Processes in Social Movements
Authors: Everhart Katherine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSocial activist and anarchist Emma Goldman purportedly said, “If I can't dance, it's not my revolution!” Although falsely attributed to Goldman, subsequent protesters later adopted the sentiment, such as London‐based activists Reclaim the Streets (RTS), and, more recently, Occupy Wall Street (OWS). Art and protest has a long history, ranging from the use of song in the Civil Rights Movement to the use of graffiti in the global movements of 1968 to the creative performances of activists in AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) to the dramatic street performances and costumes in the Battle of Seattle of 1999. Existing literature illuminates how art shapes mobilization processes of social movement. This review demonstrates two major ways in which art shapes mobilization processes, specifically the communication and visibility of movements and the emotional work of movements. In addition, suggestions are made for future research at the intersection of art and social movements.
Next Science Wound Gel Technology, a Novel Agent That Inhibits Biofilm Development by Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Wound Pathogens
Authors: Miller Kyle G. , Tran Phat L. , Haley Cecily L. , Kruzek Cassandra , Colmer-Hamood Jane A. , Myntti Matt , Hamood Abdul N. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Loss of the skin barrier facilitates the colonization of underlying tissues with various bacteria, where they form biofilms that protect them from antibiotics and host responses. Such wounds then become chronically infected. Topical antimicrobials are a major component of chronic wound therapy, yet currently available topical antimicrobials vary in their effectiveness on biofilm-forming pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Next Science wound gel technology (NxtSc), a novel topical agent designed to kill planktonic bacteria, penetrate biofilms, and kill the bacteria within.
In vitro
quantitative analysis, using strains isolated from wounds, showed that NxtSc inhibited biofilm development by
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Acinetobacter baumannii
, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
by inhibiting bacterial growth. The gel formulation NxtSc-G5, when applied to biofilms preformed by these pathogens, reduced the numbers of bacteria present by 7 to 8 log
10
CFU/disc or CFU/g.
In vivo
, NxtSc-G5 prevented biofilm formation for 72 h when applied at the time of wounding and infection and eliminated biofilm infection when applied 24 h after wounding and infection. Storage of NxtSc-G5 at room temperature for 9 months did not diminish its efficacy. These results establish that NxtSc is efficacious
in vitro
and
in vivo
in preventing infection and biofilm development by different wound pathogens when applied immediately and in eliminating biofilm infection already established by these pathogens. This novel antimicrobial agent, which is nontoxic and has a usefully long shelf life, shows promise as an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections.
Identification of the NS5B S282T Resistant Variant and Two Novel Amino Acid Substitutions That Affect Replication Capacity in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients Treated with Mericitabine and Danoprevir
Authors: Tong Xiao , Li Lewyn , Haines Kristin , Najera Isabel 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBaseline and posttreatment samples from hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 1-infected patients who received a combination of danoprevir and mericitabine from a phase II clinical study (INFORM-SVR) were analyzed. In addition to resistance monitoring, sequencing and phenotypic assays were combined with statistical analysis to identify potential novel amino acid substitutions associated with treatment outcome. The NS5B S282T substitution associated with mericitabine resistance was identified in 2/30 viral breakthrough patients and was replaced by wild-type viruses after cessation of drug treatment (during follow-up). The NS3 R155K substitution associated with danoprevir resistance was also observed in these 2 patients. All 69 GT 1a-infected patients who experienced viral breakthrough on treatment or relapsed during follow-up (relapsers) developed NS3 R155K. Among GT 1b-infected patients, substitutions at the danoprevir resistance locus NS3 D168 were observed in 15/20 subjects, whereas substitutions at the danoprevir resistance locus NS3 R155 were observed in 5/20 subjects. Interestingly, the baseline polymorphism NS5B Q47H was more prevalent in GT 1a-infected patients who achieved a sustained virologic response at follow-up week 24 (SVR24) than in non-SVR24 patients (2/13 versus 0/72), and a postbaseline NS3 S122G substitution was more prevalent in GT 1a-infected patients with viral breakthrough than in relapsers (4/22 versus 0/47). Neither substitution conferred resistance to danoprevir or mericitabine, but the substitutions reduced (NS5B Q47H) or improved (NS3 S122G) replication capacity by 2- to 4-fold. The NS5B S282T mericitabine-resistant variant was rare and did not persist once drug was discontinued. NS5B Q47H and NS3 S122G are two newly identified substitutions that affected replication capacity and were enriched in distinct treatment response groups. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01278134.)
Ceftaroline-Heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saravolatz Stephanie N. , Martin Hayley , Pawlak Joan , Johnson Leonard B. , Saravolatz Louis D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Heteroresistance refers to the presence, within a large population of antimicrobial-susceptible microorganisms, of subpopulations with lesser susceptibilities. Ceftaroline is a novel cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of ceftaroline heteroresistance
in vitro
in a select group of
S. aureus
strains. There were 57 isolates selected for evaluation, 20 MRSA, 20 vancomycin-intermediate
S. aureus
(VISA), 7 daptomycin-nonsusceptible
S. aureus
(DNSSA), 6 linezolid-nonsusceptible
S. aureus
(LNSSA), and 4 heteroresistant VISA (hVISA) isolates. MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. All of the isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
element (SCC
mec
) types were determined by a multiplex PCR. Population analysis profiles (PAPs) were performed to determine heteroresistance for all of the isolates using plates made by adding various amounts of ceftaroline to brain heart infusion agar. The frequencies of resistant subpopulations were 1 in 10
4
to 10
5
organisms. We determined that 12 of the 57 (21%) isolates tested were ceftaroline-heteroresistant
S. aureus
(CHSA). CHSA occurred among strains with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid but occurred in none of the USA-300 isolates tested. Evaluation of the heteroresistant strains demonstrated that the phenotype was unstable. Further studies are needed to determine whether CHSA has a role in clinical failures and to determine the implications of our study findings.
Mortality at older ages and moves in residential and sheltered housing: evidence from the UK
Authors: Robards James , Evandrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Vlachantoni Athina 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe study examines the relationship between transitions to residential and sheltered housing and mortality. Past research has focused on housing moves over extended time periods and subsequent mortality. In this paper, annual housing transitions allow the identification of the patterning of housing moves, the duration of stay in each sector and the assessment of the relationship of preceding moves to a heightened risk of dying.MethodsThe study uses longitudinal data constructed from pooled observations from the British Household Panel Survey (waves 1993–2008). Records were pooled for all cases where the survey member is 65 years or over and living in private housing at baseline and observed at three consecutive time points, including baseline (N=23 727). Binary logistic regression (death as outcome three waves after baseline) explored the relative strength of different housing transitions, controlling for sociodemographic predictors.Results(1) Transition to residential housing within the previous 12 months was associated with the highest mortality risk. (2) Results support existing findings showing an interaction between marital status and mortality, whereby unmarried persons were more likely to die. (3) Higher male mortality was observed across all housing transitions.ConclusionsAn older person's move to residential housing is associated with a higher risk of mortality within 12 months of the move. Survivors living in residential housing for more than a year, show a similar probability of dying to those living in sheltered housing. Results highlight that it is the type of accommodation that affects an older person's mortality risk, and the length of time they spend there.
Impact of a faculty development programme for teaching communication skills on participants’ practice
Authors: Junod Perron Noelle , Cullati Stephane , Hudelson Patricia , Nendaz Mathieu , Dolmans Diana , van der Vleuten Cees 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Purpose of the study
A 6-month faculty development programme was designed to improve supervisors’ feedback to junior doctors on their clinical communication skills (CS) and included both CS and teaching skills training. The aim of this study was to assess supervisors’ views on the impact of the programme on their subsequent teaching and communication practice.

Study design
28 clinical supervisors at the Geneva University Hospitals, from either inpatient or outpatient settings (general internists or primary care specialists), undertook a six-session faculty development programme, between 2009 and 2011, and each completed a short questionnaire before and 1 month after the course. Between 3 and 6 months after the course, the participants were interviewed about their views on the impact of the course on their practice using a semistructured interview. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results
The percentage of participants who reported teaching CS at least once a week had increased from 5/26 (19%) to 8/26 (30%), p=0.07. Participants reported using teaching skills, especially giving structured feedback. Use of newly acquired teaching skills was more likely when participants had protected time for teaching or were involved in formal teaching activities. Even participants who reported minimal teaching activity found the newly acquired CS to be useful, both with their own patients and in other professional situations. The few participants who explicitly reported teaching regularly CS in practice had generally become formal teachers in CS training.

Conclusions
A faculty development programme on how to teach CS is perceived to be useful by clinical supervisors to acquire new skills, but using them in the workplace appears to depend on creation of a supportive environment with protected time for teaching. Involving supervisors in formal communication teaching may be one way to ensure continued use of newly learned teaching skills.
Republished: Lung cancer in never-smokers. Does smoking history matter in the era of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy?
Authors: Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Lung cancer in never-smokers was recognised as a distinct clinical entity around the mid-2000s because these patients tended to be Asian women and diagnosed at a younger age with a preponderance of adenocarcinoma and better survival outcome despite a more advanced stage of presentation. It was soon discovered that lung cancer in never-smokers had a higher prevalence of activating EGFR mutations and we tend to classify lung cancer by smoking status for screening purpose. With the discoveries of many actionable driver mutations such as activating EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement in adenocarcinoma of the lung we have switched to classifying non-small cell lung cancer into different individual molecular subgroups based on the presence of a dominant driver mutation. Although many actionable driver mutations are found in never-smokers with adenocarcinoma, this review will summarise that a substantial proportion of patients with these actionable driver mutations had a previous smoking history. Alternatively among the driver mutations that are associated with smoking history, a fair amount of these patients were never-smokers. Thus smoking status should not be used as a screen strategy for identifying driver mutations in clinical practice. Finally smoking history may have predictive and/or prognostic significance within individual molecular subgroups and identifying the difference according to smoking history may help optimise future targeted therapy.
Early Permian 90° clockwise rotation of the Maures–Estérel–Corsica–Sardinia block confirmed by new palaeomagnetic data and followed by a Triassic 60° clockwise rotation
Authors: Edel J.-B. , Casini L. , Oggiano G. , Rossi P. , Schulmann K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Palaeomagnetic investigations of the Corso-Sardinian block and Maures–Estérel show that there has been a change in their magnetic orientation during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian period (305–280 Ma). This trend is interpreted in terms of a large-scale 90° clockwise rotation of the southern branch of the Variscan belt that matches the successive change in shortening directions revealed by structural geology. The evidence is based on existing structural studies of the fabrics of syntectonically emplaced granitoids partly based on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, combined with a large database of isotopic ages. The chronological match between the palaeomagnetic and tectonic datasets is interpreted here as a result of large-scale dextral wrench movements in the lithosphere between the Gondwana and Laurussia supercontinents. This wrench deformation is regarded as a sequel to the dextral rotation of the northern branch of the Variscan belt during 330–315 Ma which terminated in frontal collision with Avalonia. The continuation of movement in the southern Variscan realm was due to shearing along the southern margin of the Avalonian block. An additional clockwise rotation is inferred to have taken place during the Triassic period. The age of this motion remains to be determined.

Supplementary material:

Palaeomagnetic and geochronological data from the Maures–Estérel, Corsica–Sardinia block presented in Figure
7
and discussed in the text are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18742
.
Myeloid WNT7b Mediates the Angiogenic Switch and Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yeo Eun-Jin , Cassetta Luca , Qian Bin-Zhi , Lewkowich Ian , Li Jiu-feng , Stefater James A. , Smith April N. , Wiechmann Lisa S. , Wang Yihong , Pollard Jeffrey W. , Lang Richard A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOncogenic targets acting in both tumor cells and tumor stromal cells may offer special therapeutic appeal. Interrogation of the Oncomine database revealed that 52 of 53 human breast carcinomas showed substantial upregulation of WNT family ligand WNT7B. Immunolabeling of human mammary carcinoma showed that WNT7B immunoreactivity was associated with both tumor cells and with tumor-associated macrophages. In the MMTV-PymT mouse model of mammary carcinoma, we found tumor progression relied upon WNT7B produced by myeloid cells in the microenvironment. Wnt7b deletion in myeloid cells reduced the mass and volume of tumors due to a failure in the angiogenic switch. In the tumor overall, there was no change in expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes, but in vascular endothelial cells (VEC), expression of these genes was reduced, suggesting that VECs respond to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistic investigations revealed that failure of the angiogenic switch could be attributed to reduced Vegfa mRNA and protein expression in VECs, a source of VEGFA mRNA in the tumor that was limiting in the absence of myeloid WNT7B. We also noted a dramatic reduction in lung metastasis associated with decreased macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion. Together, these results illustrated the critical role of myeloid WNT7B in tumor progression, acting at the levels of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We suggest that therapeutic suppression of WNT7B signaling might be advantageous due to targeting multiple aspects of tumor progression. Cancer Res; 74(11); 2962–73. ©2014 AACR.
BRCA1 Deficiency Exacerbates Estrogen-Induced DNA Damage and Genomic Instability
Authors: Savage Kienan I. , Matchett Kyle B. , Barros Eliana M. , Cooper Kevin M. , Irwin Gareth W. , Gorski Julia J. , Orr Katy S. , Vohhodina Jekaterina , Kavanagh Joy N. , Madden Angelina F. , Powell Alexander , Manti Lorenzo , McDade Simon S. , Park Ben Ho , Prise Kevin M. , McIntosh Stuart A. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Richard Derek J. , Elliott Christopher T. , Harkin D. Paul 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 predispose carriers to a high incidence of breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 functions to maintain genomic stability through critical roles in DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and transcriptional control. A major question has been why BRCA1 loss or mutation leads to tumors mainly in estrogen-regulated tissues, given that BRCA1 has essential functions in all cell types. Here, we report that estrogen and estrogen metabolites can cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in estrogen receptor-α–negative breast cells and that BRCA1 is required to repair these DSBs to prevent metabolite-induced genomic instability. We found that BRCA1 also regulates estrogen metabolism and metabolite-mediated DNA damage by repressing the transcription of estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP1A1, in breast cells. Finally, we used a knock-in human cell model with a heterozygous BRCA1 pathogenic mutation to show how BRCA1 haploinsufficiency affects these processes. Our findings provide pivotal new insights into why BRCA1 mutation drives the formation of tumors in estrogen-regulated tissues, despite the general role of BRCA1 in DNA repair in all cell types. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2773–84. ©2014 AACR.