bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic Charging of Thin Films at the Solid-vacuum Interface: Behavior as Nano-capacitor and Its Role in Photo and Electron Induced Reactivity
Authors: Horowitz Yonatan , Toker Gil , Asscher Micha 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCharging of amorphous solid water (ASW) films has been characterized using high resolution, low energy positive ions (Ar+) and electrons at 1-50 eV energy range. This system responds to charging as a nano-capacitor and has been studied for its static electric field effect on electron-induced-desorption from top layers and internally trapped molecules within ASW film. In addition we have investigated the role of electron energy on chemical reactivity of trapped methyl chloride molecules as model for outer space surface chemistry.Dynamic charging at inner pores of porous silicon (PSi) has been studied as the origin of highly efficient photo-induced desorption (PID) of adsorbates such as Xe, CO and N2O. Wavelength and laser power dependence suggest that cross sections for PID, 3 orders of magnitude larger than on non-porous surfaces, originate from dynamic charging of nanometer scale tips at inner pores. These have lead to transient negatively charged species that undergo an Antoniewitz-like PID mechanism.
Predictors of Death and Dialysis in Severe AKI
Authors: Wilson Francis Perry , Yang Wei , Feldman Harold I. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
AKI carries a substantial risk of mortality, even after adjustment for comorbidities. Effective risk stratification may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions for high-risk subgroups.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study identified adults who suffered severe in-hospital AKI from January 1, 2004 to August 31, 2010 at three hospitals in the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Patients were included if baseline creatinine was ≤1.4 mg/dl for men or ≤1.2 mg/dl for women, and serum creatinine doubled during the hospital admission. Cox proportional hazards models predicting death, dialysis, or a combined endpoint of death or dialysis were fit using data from patients admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (n=4263), and validated at the two other UPHS facilities (n=758, n=1098).

Results
In adjusted analyses, strong predictors of the combined endpoint included intensive care unit location (versus floor), medical service, liver disease, higher creatinine, greater rate of change in creatinine, and greater number of pressor medications. Higher absolute creatinine concentration was associated with greater use of dialysis, but lower overall mortality in adjusted analyses. Harrell’s c-index (95% confidence interval) for the model predicting the combined endpoint was 0.85 (0.84–0.86) in the derivation cohort, and 0.83 (0.80–0.86) and 0.84 (0.82–0.86) in the validation cohorts.

Conclusions
A small group of easily measured clinical factors has good ability to predict mortality and dialysis in severe AKI.
Hypothyroidism and Mortality among Dialysis Patients
Authors: Rhee Connie M. , Alexander Erik K. , Bhan Ishir , Brunelli Steven M. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent among ESRD patients, but its clinical significance and the benefits of thyroid hormone replacement in this context remain unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study examined the association between hypothyroidism and all-cause mortality among 2715 adult dialysis patients with baseline thyrotropin levels measured between April of 2005 and April of 2011. Mortality was ascertained from Social Security Death Master Index and local registration systems. The association between hypothyroidism (thyrotropin greater than assay upper limit normal) and mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. To reduce the risk of observing reverse-causal associations, models included a 30-day lag between thyrotropin measurement and at-risk time.

Results
Among 350 (12.9%) hypothyroid and 2365 (87.1%) euthyroid (assay within referent range) patients, 917 deaths were observed during 5352 patient-years of at-risk time. Hypothyroidism was associated with higher mortality. Compared with thyrotropin in the low-normal range (0.4–2.9 mIU/L), subclinical hypothyroidism (thyrotropin >upper limit normal and ≤10.0 mIU/L) was associated with higher mortality; high-normal thyrotropin (≥3.0 mIU/L and ≤upper limit normal) and overt hypothyroidism (thyrotropin >10.0 mIU/L) were associated with numerically greater risk, but estimates were not statistically significant. Compared with spontaneously euthyroid controls, patients who were euthyroid while on exogenous thyroid replacement were not at higher mortality risk, whereas patients who were hypothyroid were at higher mortality risk. Sensitivity analyses indicated that effects on cardiovascular risk factors may mediate the observed association between hypothyroidism and death.

Conclusions
These data suggest that hypothyroidism is associated with higher mortality in dialysis patients, which may be ameliorated by thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Adjustment of the endoscopic third ventriculostomy entry point based on the anatomical relationship between coronal and sagittal sutures
Authors: Chen Fangxiang , Chen Tsinsue , Nakaji Peter 
Published: December 2012

Object
The coronal suture is often used as an empirical landmark for the entry point for endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The trajectory for the approach is often drawn based on midsagittal MRI findings. However, because the coronal suture is not perpendicular to the midline, this method may be inaccurate.

Methods
The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures was exposed at the outer table of the cranium of 15 cadavers. An ideal coronal line was established perpendicular to the sagittal suture at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures. The distance from this ideal coronal line at the level of the coronal-sagittal junction to the actual coronal suture was measured at 1-cm intervals. The measured distance between the 2 planes was termed the distance to the coronal suture.

Results
The coronal suture bows forward as it moves from medial to lateral. From 1–6 cm lateral to the sagittal suture, the distance to the coronal suture was 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.4 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides.

Conclusions
The position of a bur hole for endoscopic third ventriculostomy should be moved posteriorly with respect to the coronal suture the more laterally it is placed. Although the adjustment is small, it may be crucial. Failure to make this adjustment may result in suboptimal bur hole placement and increase the risk of morbidity.
Prognosis by tumor location for pediatric spinal cord ependymomas
Authors: Oh Michael C. , Sayegh Eli T. , Safaee Michael , Sun Matthew Z. , Kaur Gurvinder , Kim Joseph M. , Aranda Derick , Molinaro Annette M. , Gupta Nalin , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: December 2012

Object
Ependymoma is a common CNS tumor in children, with spinal cord ependymomas making up 13.1% of all ependymomas in this age group. The clinical features that affect prognosis in pediatric spinal cord ependymomas are not well understood. A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine whether a tumor location along the spinal cord is prognostically significant in children undergoing surgery for spinal cord ependymomas.

Methods
A PubMed search was performed to identify all papers that contained data on patients with spinal cord ependymomas. Only pediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent resection with a clearly reported tumor location were included in the analysis. Myxopapillary tumors were excluded from study. Tumor location was subdivided into 6 regions: cervicomedullary, cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, thoracolumbar, and conus medullaris. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the effects of tumor location on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
Fifty-eight patients who underwent resection of spinal cord ependymomas were identified. Ependymomas were located all along the spinal cord but occurred with the highest frequency in the cervical region (29.3%). Progression-free survival was significantly better in patients with tumors arising in the upper portion of the spinal cord (p = 0.031), which remained significant in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (p < 0.05). Moreover, OS was significantly better in patients with upper spinal cord ependymomas than in those harboring ependymomas in the lower spinal cord (p = 0.048).

Conclusions
Although more common in adults, spinal ependymomas can occur anywhere along the spinal cord in the pediatric population; however, tumors occurring in the lower half of the spinal cord carry a worse prognosis with shorter PFS and OS. By comparison, ependymomas in the upper spinal cord recur later and less frequently, with little or no mortality in this patient group.
A novel animal model of human breast cancer metastasis to the spine: a pilot study using intracardiac injection and luciferase-expressing cells
Authors: Zadnik Patricia , Sarabia-Estrada Rachel , Groves Mari L. , Molina Camilo , Jackson Christopher , McCarthy Edward , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Bydon Ali , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Witham Timothy F. , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectMetastatic spine disease is prevalent in cancer victims; 10%–30% of the 1.2 million new patients diagnosed with cancer in the US exhibit spinal metastases. Unfortunately, treatments are limited for these patients, as disseminated disease is often refractory to chemotherapy and is difficult to treat with surgical intervention alone. New animal models that accurately recapitulate the human disease process are needed to study the behavior of metastases in real time.MethodsIn this study the authors report on a cell line that reliably generates bony metastases following intracardiac injection and can be tracked in real time using optical bioluminescence imaging. This line, RBC3, was derived from a metastatic breast adenocarcinoma lesion arising in the osseous spine of a rat following intracardiac injection of MDA-231 human breast cancer cells.ResultsUpon culture and reinjection of RBC3, a statistically significantly increased systemic burden of metastatic tumor was noted. The resultant spine lesions were osteolytic, as demonstrated by small animal CT scanning.ConclusionsThis cell line generates spinal metastases that can be tracked in real time and may serve as a useful tool in the study of metastatic disease in the spine.
Perioperative complications in patients undergoing open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion as a revision surgery
Authors: Khan Imad Saeed , Sonig Ashish , Thakur Jai Deep , Bollam Papireddy , Nanda Anil 
Published: December 2012

Object
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has been increasingly used to treat degenerative spine disease, including that in patients in whom earlier decompressive procedures have failed. Reexploration in these cases is always challenging and is thought to pose a higher risk of complications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no current studies specifically analyzing the effects of previous lumbar decompressive surgeries on the complication rates of open TLIF.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective study of surgeries performed by a single surgeon. A total of 187 consecutive patients, in whom the senior author (A.N.) had performed open TLIF between January 2007 and January 2011, met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups (primary and revision TLIF) for the comparison of perioperative complications.

Results
Overall, the average age of the patients was 49.7 years (range 18–80 years). Of the 187 patients, 73 patients had no history of lumbar surgery and 114 were undergoing revision surgery. Fifty-four patients (28.9%) had a documented complication intraoperatively or postoperatively. There was no difference in the rate on perioperative complications between the two groups (overall, medical, wound related, inadvertent dural tears [DTs], or neural injury). Patients who had undergone more than one previous lumbar surgery were, however, more likely to have suffered from DTs (p = 0.054) and neural injuries (p = 0.007) compared with the rest.

Conclusions
In the hands of an experienced surgeon, revision open TLIF does not necessarily increase the risk of perioperative complications compared with primary TLIF. Two or more previous lumbar decompressive procedures, however, increase the risk of inadvertent DTs and neural injury.
Spaceflight engages heat shock protein and other molecular chaperone genes in tissue culture cells of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zupanska Agata K. , Denison Fiona C. , Ferl Robert J. , Paul Anna‐Lisa 
Published: December 2012

• Premise of the study: Gravity has been a major force throughout the evolution of terrestrial organisms, and plants have developed exquisitely sensitive, regulated tropisms and growth patterns that are based on the gravity vector. The nullified gravity during spaceflight allows direct assessment of gravity roles. The microgravity environments provided by the Space Shuttle and International Space Station have made it possible to seek novel insights into gravity perception at the organismal, tissue, and cellular levels. Cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana perceive and respond to spaceflight, even though they lack the specialized cell structures normally associated with gravity perception in intact plants; in particular, genes for a specific subset of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and factors (HSFs) are induced. Here we ask if similar changes in HSP gene expression occur during nonspaceflight changes in gravity stimulation.• Methods: Quantitative RT‐qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA levels for Hsp17.6A and Hsp101 in cell cultures exposed to four conditions: spaceflight (mission STS‐131), hypergravity (centrifugation at 3 g or 16 g), sustained two‐dimensional clinorotation, and transient milligravity achieved on parabolic flights.• Key results: We showed that HSP genes were induced in cells only in response to sustained clinorotation. Transient microgravity intervals in parabolic flight and various hypergravity conditions failed to induce HSP genes.• Conclusions: We conclude that nondifferentiated cells do indeed sense their gravity environment and HSP genes are induced only in response to prolonged microgravity or simulated microgravity conditions. We hypothesize that HSP induction upon microgravity indicates a role for HSP‐related proteins in maintaining cytoskeletal architecture and cell shape signaling.
Combination Therapy with Amantadine, Oseltamivir and Ribavirin for Influenza a Infection: Safety and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Seo Sachiko , Englund Janet A , Nguyen Jack T , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Lindegardh Niklas , Tarning Joel , Tambyah Paul A , Renaud Christian , Went Gregory T , De Jong Menno D , Boeckh Michael J 
Published: December 2012

Background Antiviral resistance among influenza A viruses is associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. However, treatment strategies for drug-resistant influenza A are not established. A triple-combination antiviral drug (TCAD) regimen consisting of amantadine (AMT), oseltamivir (OSL) and ribavirin (RBV) demonstrated good efficacy in an animal model. Methods We first analysed the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of TCAD therapy in healthy volunteers. We then performed a pilot study of TCAD therapy in patients undergoing chemotherapy or haematopoietic cell transplantation. AMT (75 mg), OSL (50 mg) and RBV (200 mg) were administered three times a day for 10 days. The safety and PKs of TCAD therapy were monitored. Results The PKs of TCAD therapy in healthy volunteers was shown to be similar to the PKs of each drug individually from a single dose. In the pilot study, six immunocompromised patients received TCAD therapy and one patient received OSL monotherapy. All but one patient completed 10 days of TCAD therapy without side effects; one patient receiving TCAD was withdrawn from the study because of respiratory failure and ultimately recovered. Viral load was decreased after TCAD therapy, despite the presence of either AMT- or OSL-resistant virus in two cases. One patient with 2009 influenza A/ H1N1 receiving OSL monotherapy developed confirmed OSL resistance during treatment. Conclusions TCAD therapy had similar PKs to each individual antiviral during monotherapy following a single dose and can be administered safely in immunocompromised patients.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ugt1A1 Genetic Testing to Inform Antiretroviral Prescribing in HIV Disease
Authors: Schackman Bruce R , Haas David W , Becker Jessica E , Berkowitz Bethany K , Sax Paul E , Daar Eric S , Ribaudo Heather J , Freedberg Kenneth A 
Published: December 2012

Background Homozygosity for UGT1A1*28/*28 has been reported to be associated with atazanavir-associated hyperbilirubinaemia and premature atazanavir discontinuation. We assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of UGT1A1 testing to inform the choice of an initial protease-inhibitor-containing regimen in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals. Methods We used the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications computer simulation model to project quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and lifetime costs (2009 USD) for atazanavir-based ART with or without UGT1A1 testing, using darunavir rather than atazanavir when indicated. We assumed the UGT1A1-associated atazanavir discontinuation rate reported in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (a *28/*28 frequency of 14.9%), equal efficacy and cost of atazanavir and darunavir and a genetic assay cost of $107. These parameters, as well as the effect of hyperbilirubinaemia on quality of life and loss to follow up, were varied in sensitivity analyses. Costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% annually. Results Initiating atazanavir-based ART at CD4+ T-cell counts <500 cells/μl without UGT1A1 testing had an average discounted life expectancy of 16.02 QALYs and $475,800 discounted lifetime cost. Testing for UGT1A1 increased QALYs by 0.49 per 10,000 patients tested and was not cost-effective (>$100,000/QALY). Testing for UGT1A1 was cost-effective (<$100,000/QALY) if assay cost decreased to $10, or if avoiding hyperbilirubinaemia by UGT1A1 testing reduced loss to follow-up by 5%. If atazanavir and darunavir differed in cost or efficacy, testing for UGT1A1 was not cost-effective under any scenario. Conclusions Testing for UGT1A1 may be cost-effective if assay cost is low and if testing improves retention in care, but only if the comparator ART regimens have the same drug cost and efficacy.
Langue et nation en Angleterre à la fin du moyen âge
Authors: Fletcher Christopher 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Quelle est la relation entre langue et nation en Angleterre à la fin du Moyen Âge ? On identifie la langue anglaise au peuple d’Angleterre dès le xiii e siècle, et le roi se sert de cette association puissante. Mais au même moment, la langue française, déjà la langue de la noblesse, devient la langue de la loi et du Parlement anglais. Cet article explore cette situation complexe où les identités sociales, professionnelles et nationale s’entrecroisent, notamment dans les requêtes au Parlement.
Diversité linguistique, identités et mythe de l'empire à la fin du moyen âge
Authors: Naegle Gisela 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Dans l’Empire médiéval avec ses parties italiennes, la grande diversité linguistique avait des répercussions importantes sur l’identité de ses habitants. La Bulle d’or de Charles IV de 1356 constate l’importance de connaître la langue de ses sujets. Ceci vaut particulièrement quand l’empereur était également roi d’Espagne, de Bohème ou de Hongrie La discussion sur la nationalité de Charlemagne et des « vrais » Francs pose la question de savoir à partir de quand on peut parler de « Français » et d’« Allemands ». Intensifié par les auteurs humanistes, ce débat leur fit découvrir et valoriser les qualités de leur langue maternelle ; néanmoins le milieu savant resta longtemps profondément imprégné par la langue latine.
Défense et illustration de la langue et de la nation françaises
Authors: Magnien-Simonin Catherine 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Par l’ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts, François I er impose en 1539 la « langue commune » à l’administration du royaume ; avec la Défense et illustration de la langue française , Du Bellay lance en 1549 le manifeste d’une génération de poètes résolument français. Cette représentation éclipse le rôle capital joué par des juristes humanistes, provinciaux ou Parisiens, qui ont cru en la langue française et ont voulu qu’elle devienne celle d’un droit national, bien français et que viendra entériner l’édit de Saint-Germain-en Laye en 1679.
L’appartement de Marie Leszczyńska (1725-1768)
Authors: Lalanne Manuel 
Published: December 2012

Marie Leszczyńska ne prit jamais part au pouvoir qui était entre les mains de son époux et du cardinal de Fleury ; elle n’eut pas non plus l’occasion d’exercer une régence pour renforcer sa position à la cour. Son règne semble démontrer le déclin du rôle de la reine au sein du système absolutiste. Celle que l’on a choisie comme épouse du roi pour sa capacité à donner un héritier à la Couronne se trouve reléguée à des fonctions domestiques, tout en devant se conformer à l’étiquette en raison de son statut. Au cours de son règne, toutefois, des mutations importantes ont lieu dans le mode de vie de la souveraine, qui s’écarte de la vie publique pour se replier dans la sphère « privée ». L’évolution de la distribution de ses appartements, analysée à la lumière des témoignages donnés par le duc de Luynes sur les usages de la Cour, permet d’expliquer les aménagements qui sont entrepris à Versailles, Fontainebleau ou Compiègne, ainsi qu’à Choisy. Arrivée à la cour après un interrègne de plus de quarante années dû à l’extrême longévité de Louis XIV, Marie Leszczyńska doit « reconquérir » un espace pour la reine. Des travaux sont conduits tout au long de son règne pour réagencer les appartements royaux, les rendant au fur et à mesure plus confortables et propices à la « vie dans les cabinets » qu’affectionnait la souveraine. À la fin de sa vie, celle-ci put en effet jouir de libertés exceptionnelles pour une reine régnante. En tenant compte du contexte dans lequel se déroulèrent ces changements, il s’agira de décrire les évolutions principales des appartements de la reine et d’analyser le rôle de Marie Leszczyńska dans ce processus.
The Crystal Structure of Human Soluble CD14 Reveals a Bent Solenoid with a Hydrophobic Amino-Terminal Pocket
Authors: Kelley Stacy L. , Lukk Tiit , Nair Satish K. , Tapping Richard I. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Human monocyte differentiation Ag CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor that enhances innate immune responses to infection by sensitizing host cells to bacterial LPS (endotoxin), lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, and other acylated microbial products. CD14 physically delivers these lipidated microbial products to various TLR signaling complexes that subsequently induce intracellular proinflammatory signaling cascades upon ligand binding. The ensuing cellular responses are usually protective to the host but can also result in host fatality through sepsis. In this work, we have determined the x-ray crystal structure of human CD14. The structure reveals a bent solenoid typical of leucine-rich repeat proteins with an amino-terminal pocket that presumably binds acylated ligands including LPS. Comparison of human and mouse CD14 structures shows great similarity in overall protein fold. However, compared with mouse CD14, human CD14 contains an expanded pocket and alternative rim residues that are likely to be important for LPS binding and cell activation. The x-ray crystal structure of human CD14 presented in this article may foster additional ligand-bound structural studies, virtual docking studies, and drug design efforts to mitigate LPS-induced sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.