bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of discourse referencing in Cantonese of deaf/hard-of-hearing children
Authors: SZE FELIX , TANG GLADYS , LAU TAMMY , LAM EMILY , YIU CHRIS 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development of discourse referencing in spoken Cantonese of fifteen deaf/hard-of-hearing children studying in a sign bilingual and co-enrolment education programme in a mainstream setting in Hong Kong. A comparison of their elicited narratives with those of the hearing children and adults shows that, despite a delay in acquiring the grammatical markings for (in)definiteness in Cantonese, these d/hh children show sensitivity towards the referential properties of different types of nominal expressions and their corresponding mappings with discourse functions. Specifically, they produced more bare nouns across all discourse contexts but fewer existential constructions, pronouns, demonstratives, and classifier-related constructions. Their choice of nominal expressions and the observed errors show striking similarities to the productions by the younger hearing children in this study, suggesting that the d/hh children's route of development of discourse referencing is likely to be similar to that of hearing children despite a slower rate of development.
Ecological history of Lachlan Nature Reserve, Centennial Park, Sydney, Australia: a palaeoecological approach to conservation
Authors: HAMILTON REBECCA , PENNY DAN 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYReconstructing the environmental history of protected areas permits an empirically-based assessment of the conservation values ascribed to these sites. Ideally, this long-term view can contribute to evidence-based management policy that is both ecologically ‘realistic’ and pragmatically feasible. Lachlan Nature Reserve, a protected wetland in Centennial Park, Sydney, is claimed to be the final remnant of early and pre-European swamplands that were once extensive in the area, and the site is thus considered to have indigenous cultural and natural conservation significance. This study uses palynological techniques to reconstruct vegetation communities at the Reserve from the late Holocene to the present in order to assess whether these values adequately reflect the history, character and development of the site. The findings indicate that the modern site flora is a modified Melaleuca quinquenervia low forest assemblage formed in response to aggregated anthropogenic disturbance since colonial settlement. This assemblage replaces an Epacris-dominated heath-swampland community that was extirpated in the mid-20th century. These results emphasize the value of long-term studies in contributing to a realistic management policy that explicitly reflects the normative basis of conservation, and values the influence of past land-uses on contemporary protected ecosystems.
Effects of the SAFE Children preventive intervention on developmental trajectories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms
Authors: Fowler Patrick J. , Henry David B. , Schoeny Michael , Gorman-Smith Deborah , Tolan Patrick H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study examined whether a family-based preventive intervention for inner-city children entering the first grade could alter the developmental course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Participants were 424 families randomly selected and randomly assigned to a control condition (n = 192) or Schools and Families Educating Children (SAFE) Children (n = 232). SAFE Children combined family-focused prevention with academic tutoring to address multiple developmental–ecological needs. A booster intervention provided in the 4th grade to randomly assigned children in the initial intervention (n =101) evaluated the potential of increasing preventive effects. Follow-up occurred over 5 years with parents and teachers reporting on attention problems. Growth mixture models identified multiple developmental trajectories of ADHD symptoms. The initial phase of intervention placed children on more positive developmental trajectories for impulsivity and hyperactivity, demonstrating the potential for ADHD prevention in at-risk youth, but the SAFE Children booster had no additional effect on trajectory or change in ADHD indicators.
Impulsivity, risk taking, and cortisol reactivity as a function of psychosocial stress and personality in adolescents
Authors: Finy M. Sima , Bresin Konrad , Korol Donna L. , Verona Edelyn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough adolescence is characterized by hormonal changes and increased disinhibited behaviors, explanations for these developmental changes that include personality and environmental factors have not been fully elucidated. We examined the interactions between psychosocial stress and the traits of negative emotionality and constraint on impulsive and risk-taking behaviors as well as salivary cortisol reactivity in 88 adolescents. In terms of behavioral outcomes, analyses revealed that negative emotionality and constraint were protective of impulsivity and risk taking, respectively, for adolescents in the no-stress condition; personality did not relate to either behavior in the stress condition. Low-constraint adolescents in the stress condition engaged in less risk taking than low-constraint adolescents in the no-stress condition, whereas there was no effect of stress group for high-constraint adolescents. In terms of cortisol reactivity, analyses revealed that low-constraint adolescents in the stress condition exhibited greater cortisol reactivity compared to high-constraint adolescents, which suggests that low-constraint adolescents mobilize greater resources (e.g., increased cognitive control, heightened attention to threat) in stressful situations relative to nonstressful ones. These results demonstrate that two facets of disinhibition and cortisol reactivity are differentially affected by psychosocial stress and personality (and their interactions) in adolescents.
Counting Independent Sets in Hypergraphs
Authors: COOPER JEFF , DUTTA KUNAL , MUBAYI DHRUV 
Published: April 2014

Let G be a triangle-free graph with n vertices and average degree t. We show that G contains at least
${\exp\biggl({1-n^{-1/12})\frac{1}{2}\frac{n}{t}\ln t} \biggl(\frac{1}{2}\ln t-1\biggr)\biggr)}$
independent sets. This improves a recent result of the first and third authors [8]. In particular, it implies that as n → ∞, every triangle-free graph on n vertices has at least ${e^{(c_1-o(1)) \sqrt{n} \ln n}}$ independent sets, where $c_1 = \sqrt{\ln 2}/4 = 0.208138 \ldots$. Further, we show that for all n, there exists a triangle-free graph with n vertices which has at most ${e^{(c_2+o(1))\sqrt{n}\ln n}}$ independent sets, where $c_2 = 2\sqrt{\ln 2} = 1.665109 \ldots$. This disproves a conjecture from [8].Let H be a (k+1)-uniform linear hypergraph with n vertices and average degree t. We also show that there exists a constant ck such that the number of independent sets in H is at least
${\exp\biggl({c_{k} \frac{n}{t^{1/k}}\ln^{1+1/k}{t}\biggr})}.$
This is tight apart from the constant ck and generalizes a result of Duke, Lefmann and Rödl [9], which guarantees the existence of an independent set of size
$\Omega\biggl(\frac{n}{t^{1/k}} \ln^{1/k}t\biggr).$
Both of our lower bounds follow from a more general statement, which applies to hereditary properties of hypergraphs.
Mindful Attention and Awareness: Relationships with Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Gregório Sónia , Pinto-Gouveia José 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe growing interest in mindfulness from the scientific community has originated several self-report measures of this psychological construct. The Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a self-report measure of mindfulness at a trait-level. This paper aims at exploring MAAS psychometric characteristics and validating it for the Portuguese population. The first two studies replicate some of the original author’s statistical procedures in two different samples from the Portuguese general community population, in particular confirmatory factor analyses. Results from both analyses confirmed the scale single-factor structure and indicated a very good reliability. Moreover, cross-validation statistics showed that this single-factor structure is valid for different respondents from the general community population. In the third study the Portuguese version of the MAAS was found to have good convergent and discriminant validities. Overall the findings support the psychometric validity of the Portuguese version of MAAS and suggest this is a reliable self-report measure of trait-mindfulness, a central construct in Clinical Psychology research and intervention fields.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analogue lowers blood pressure through vasodilation and sodium channel inhibition
Authors: Khan Md. Abdul Hye , Pavlov Tengis S. , Christain Sarah V. , Neckář Jan , Staruschenko Alexander , Gauthier Kathryn M. , Capdevila Jorge H. , Falck John R. , Campbell William B. , Imig John D. 
Published: April 2014

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) contribute to haemodynamics, electrolyte homoeostasis and blood pressure regulation, leading to the concept that EETs can be therapeutically targeted for hypertension. In the present study, multiple structural EET analogues were synthesized based on the EET pharmacophore and vasodilator structure-activity studies. Four EET analogues with 91–119% vasodilatory activity in the isolated bovine coronary artery (EC50: 0.18–1.6 μM) were identified and studied for blood-pressure-lowering in hypertension. Two EET analogues in which the COOH group at carbon 1 of the EET pharmacophore was replaced with either an aspartic acid (EET-A) or a heterocyclic surrogate (EET-X) were administered for 14 days [10 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally (i.p.)]. Both EET-A and EET-X lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and in angiotensin II (AngII) hypertension. On day 14, the mean arterial pressures in EET analogue-treated AngII-hypertensive and SHRs were 30–50 mmHg (EET-A) and 15–20 mmHg (EET-X) lower than those in vehicle-treated controls. These EET analogues (10 mg/kg per day) were further tested in AngII hypertension by administering orally in drinking water for 14 days and EET-A lowered blood pressure. Additional experiments demonstrated that EET-A inhibits epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in cultured cortical collecting duct cells and reduced renal expression of ENaC subunits in AngII hypertension. In conclusion, we have characterized EET-A as an orally active antihypertensive EET analogue that protects vascular endothelial function and has ENaC inhibitory activity in AngII hypertension.
Bayesian inference for an emerging arboreal epidemic in the presence of control
Authors: Parry Matthew , Gibson Gavin J. , Parnell Stephen , Gottwald Tim R. , Irey Michael S. , Gast Timothy C. , Gilligan Christopher A. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Fast-moving and destructive emerging epidemics are seldom left to run their course because of the imperative to control further spread. Contemporaneous control measures, however, greatly complicate the characterization of the disease transmission process and the extraction of the epidemiological parameters of interest. The spread of Huanglongbing on orchard scales is used as a case study for modeling an emerging epidemic in the presence of control. We show that even with missing and censored data, and with seasonal and host age dependencies, it is possible to infer the parameters of a fully spatiotemporal stochastic model of disease spread. The value of the fitted model is to provide an engine for simulation studies of the costs and benefits of proposed disease control strategies.
Erbin is a negative modulator of cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Rachmin Inbal , Tshori Sagi , Smith Yoav , Oppenheim Amit , Marchetto Sylvie , Kay Gillian , Foo Roger S.-Y. , Dagan Noa , Golomb Eliahu , Gilon Dan , Borg Jean-Paul , Razin Ehud 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The cellular mechanisms underlying the transition from compensatory to deleterious cardiac hypertrophy remain to be elucidated. In the current work, we demonstrate decreased ErbB2 interacting protein (Erbin) expression in human failing hearts and, using mice models, we show that Erbin expression is important for compensated hypertrophy. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified link between Erbin and ERK signaling in the heart and implicate Erbin in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Erbin is particularly interesting due to its well-established interaction with the ErBb2/Her2 receptor. Clinical studies have observed cardiotoxicity associated with Herceptin therapy, reflecting the crucial role of Her2-mediated signaling in cardiac homeostasis. In this study, we describe a cardioprotective role for Erbin, which suggests it is a potential target for cardiac gene therapy.
Evolutionary diversity and taxon-specific modifications of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
Authors: Yang Chunlin , Stiller John W. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II is responsible for coordinating a wide range of cotranscriptional functions. Although tandem repeats of a 7-aa motif comprise the CTD in model organisms, the domain is highly unordered in many other species. To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation of CTD diversity and evolution to date, and finds that the CTD’s tandem structure likely existed in the last eukaryotic common ancestor; that unordered CTDs have resulted from extensive, lineage-specific sequence modifications; and that tandem heptads have been lost and reinvented many times. We also highlight interesting parallels in CTD evolution that appear to be associated with the requirements of developmental complexity and adaptations to parasitism.
Characterizing asthma from a drop of blood using neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Sackmann Eric Karl-Heinz , Berthier Erwin , Schwantes Elizabeth A. , Fichtinger Paul S. , Evans Michael D. , Dziadzio Laura L. , Huttenlocher Anna , Mathur Sameer K. , Beebe David J. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is notoriously difficult to diagnose, characterize, and properly treat with tests that are available to clinicians today. Therefore, clinicians would benefit from additional tools that objectively characterize asthma in patients. In this work, we describe a handheld microfluidic device that discriminates asthma from allergic rhinitis patients based on neutrophil function—an inflammatory cell that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The device can sort neutrophils from a drop of whole blood within minutes, and was used in a clinical setting to characterize asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients. This technology provides a new tool for clinicians to characterize asthma based on cellular function.
Degenerate target sites mediate rapid primed CRISPR adaptation
Authors: Fineran Peter C. , Gerritzen Matthias J. H. , Suárez-Diez María , Künne Tim , Boekhorst Jos , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , Staals Raymond H. J. , Brouns Stan J. J. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Bacteria are constantly exposed to foreign elements, such as bacteriophages and plasmids. The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR associated) adaptive immune systems provide heritable sequence-specific protection against these invaders. To develop immunity, bacteria add segments of foreign nucleic acid to their CRISPR memory. However, phage and plasmid mutants can evade CRISPR-Cas recognition by altering their targeted sequence. CRISPR-Cas responds to evasion by quickly generating immunity by acquiring new pieces of invader genome. We determined that this rapid generation of resistance is promiscuous, with recognition of highly diverged or related elements eliciting new immunity. Our results demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas systems are more robust than previously thought and, not only have a highly specific resistance memory, but also have a broad ability to identify divergent genetic elements.
An engineered muscle flap for reconstruction of large soft tissue defects
Authors: Shandalov Yulia , Egozi Dana , Koffler Jacob , Dado-Rosenfeld Dekel , Ben-Shimol David , Freiman Alina , Shor Erez , Kabala Aviva , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Effective restoration of large soft tissue defects requires the use of tissue flaps, with viability that is largely determined by degree of vascularization. In view of the tedious transfer procedures and donor site morbidity associated with autologous flaps, this work set out to design and evaluate an engineered muscle flap featuring a robust vascular port formed from preseeded endothelial cells and host vasculature. The implanted flap was highly vascularized, well-perfused, and anastomosed with host vessels. Engineered flaps of this nature promise to circumvent the need to harvest and transfer massive tissue volumes, while avoiding the consequential complications.
Concurrence of monoenergetic electron beams and bright X-rays from an evolving laser-plasma bubble
Authors: Yan Wenchao , Chen Liming , Li Dazhang , Zhang Lu , Hafz Nasr A. M. , Dunn James , Ma Yong , Huang Kai , Su Luning , Chen Min , Sheng Zhengming , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Desktop laser plasma acceleration is able to generate monoenergetic electron beams, and such electron beams can oscillate in the plasma bubble, which results in the collimated X-rays with ability of femtosecond temporal resolution. However, high-flux X-ray emission and high-quality electron beams have not been obtained simultaneously because high-yield X-ray emission is usually produced at the cost of electron beam qualities. By stimulating double injections into a plasma bubble, we report our experimental observation in which both a monoenergetic electron beam at the gigaelectronvolt level and ultraintense hard X-rays with peak brightness higher than the third generation of synchrotrons. Due to the inherent temporal synchronization, this unique electron–photon source can be ideal for “single-shot” pump–probe applications at femtosecond and nanometer scales.
Architecture and assembly of the archaeal Cdc48⋅20S proteasome
Authors: Barthelme Dominik , Chen James Z. , Grabenstatter Jonathan , Baker Tania A. , Sauer Robert T. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
From microbes to humans, proteolytic machines called proteasomes cleave proteins that are damaged or unnecessary into peptide fragments. Proteasomes minimally consist of the barrel-like 20S peptidase and an AAA+ ring, which harnesses chemical energy to unfold and translocate proteins into the 20S chamber for degradation. Here, we determine the architecture of a recently discovered proteasome, Cdc48⋅20S, by electron microscopy. A continuous axial channel allows translocation through the double AAA+ rings of Cdc48 into the 20S chamber. A model in which dynamic “wobbling” of the AAA+ unfoldase relative to 20S is necessary for function is ruled out for Cdc48⋅20S by electron-microscopy results showing coaxial alignment of Cdc48 and 20S and by the proteolytic activity of cross-linked complexes.
Tackler characteristics associated with tackle performance in rugby union
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , Matthews Bevan , Roode Brad , Lambert Mike 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTackling is an important skill for performance in rugby, yet little has been reported on tackler characteristics and its relationship to performance in competition. The aim of this study was to identify tackler characteristics and its association with tackle performance in matches. Eighteen matches of the 2010 Super 14 were analysed, which amounted to 2092 coded tackles. Tackler characteristics such as head position – in motion, up and forward, type of tackle – shoulder tackler, arm tackle or ball‐carrier fend – absent, moderate, strong and leg drive–absent, moderate, strong or shoulder usage were coded and associated with tackle outcomes. Relative risk ratio (RRR), the ratio of the probability of an outcome occurring when a characteristic was observed (versus the non‐observed characteristic) was determined using multinomial logistic regression. Having the head in motion decreased the tackler's chances of a successful tackle (RRR 2.24, 95% CI 1.72–2.92, p < 0.001) relative to an up and forward head position. Ball‐carriers using a fend significantly decreased the tackler's probability of success (moderate fend RRR 2.97, 95% CI 2.04–4.31, p < 0.001). Moderate leg drive (RRR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.50, p < 0.001) by the tackler increased the likelihood of tackle success. Head up and forward, counter‐acting the ball‐carrier fend, shoulder tackles targeted at the ball‐carrier mid‐torso, using the arms to wrap or pull, and leg driving were key tackler characteristics associated with positive tackle outcome in matches. Based on these findings, it is recommended that these technical characteristics are emphasised and incorporated into training to effectively prepare tacklers for competition.
Covariate-modulated local false discovery rate for genome-wide association studies
Authors: Zablocki Rong W. , Schork Andrew J. , Levine Richard A. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. , Thompson Wesley K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMotivation: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have largely failed to identify most of the genetic basis of highly heritable diseases and complex traits. Recent work has suggested this could be because many genetic variants, each with individually small effects, compose their genetic architecture, limiting the power of GWAS, given currently obtainable sample sizes. In this scenario, Bonferroni-derived thresholds are severely underpowered to detect the vast majority of associations. Local false discovery rate (fdr) methods provide more power to detect non-null associations, but implicit assumptions about the exchangeability of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) limit their ability to discover non-null loci.Methods: We propose a novel covariate-modulated local false discovery rate (cmfdr) that incorporates prior information about gene element–based functional annotations of SNPs, so that SNPs from categories enriched for non-null associations have a lower fdr for a given value of a test statistic than SNPs in unenriched categories. This readjustment of fdr based on functional annotations is achieved empirically by fitting a covariate-modulated parametric two-group mixture model. The proposed cmfdr methodology is applied to a large Crohn’s disease GWAS.Results: Use of cmfdr dramatically improves power, e.g. increasing the number of loci declared significant at the 0.05 fdr level by a factor of 5.4. We also demonstrate that SNPs were declared significant using cmfdr compared with usual fdr replicate in much higher numbers, while maintaining similar replication rates for a given fdr cutoff in de novo samples, using the eight Crohn’s disease substudies as independent training and test datasets.Availability an implementation: https://sites.google.com/site/covmodfdr/Contact : wes.stat@gmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.