bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Late Cretaceous Piper (Piperaceae) from Colombia and diversification patterns for the genus
Authors: Martínez Camila , Carvalho Mónica R. , Madriñán Santiago , Jaramillo Carlos A. 
Published: February 2015

• Premise of the study: Documented fossil floras in the neotropics are sparse, yet their records provide evidence on the spatial and temporal occurrence of taxa, allowing for testing of biogeographical and diversification scenarios on individual lineages. A new fossil Piper from the Late Cretaceous of Colombia is described here, and its importance for assessing diversification patterns in the genus is addressed.• Methods: Leaf architecture of 32 fossil leaf compressions from the Guaduas Formation was compared with that of 294 extant angiosperm species. The phylogenetic position of the fossil named Piper margaritae sp. nov. was established based on leaf traits and a molecular scaffold of Piper. The age of the fossil was independently used as a calibration point for divergence time estimations.• Key results: Natural affinities of P. margaritae to the Schilleria clade of Piper indicate that the genus occurred in tropical America by the Late Cretaceous. Estimates of age divergence and lineage accumulation reveal that most of the extant diversity of the genus accrued during the last ∼30 Myr.• Conclusions: The recent radiation of Piper is coeval with both the Andean uplift and the emergence of Central America, which have been proposed as important drivers of diversity. This pattern could exemplify a recurrent theme among many neotropical plant lineages.
Selective Neck Dissection (IIa, III): A Rational Replacement for Extended Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection in Patients with N0 Supraglottic and Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zohdi Ismail , Sharkawy Louay S. El , Bestar Mahmoud F. El , Tawab Hazem M. Abdel , Hamela Mo'men A.A. , Hareedy Amal A. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of selective neck dissection of sublevel IIa and level III in cases of glottis and supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma in the absence of lymph node metastasis and to show if there is value in dissecting the sublevel IIb or level IV in these cases. Patients and Methods Twenty-five patients with N0 glottic or supraglottic cancer were subjected to unilateral or bilateral selective neck dissection according to the site and the extent of the tumor, and the specimens were histopathologically examined for metastasis. Results Twenty-five patients (23 males and 2 females) with mean age of 55.72 years were included in the study. Lymph node metastasis to sublevel IIa and level III was found in 6/25 (24%) cases with glottic or supraglottic carcinoma, while to sublevel IIb and level IV was found in 1/25 (4%) with P-value of 0.05, which is statistically significant. Conclusion Selective neck dissection of level IIb is not required in cases of the supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Dissection of sublevel IIa and level III takes less time and is effective. Dissection of level IV is not needed in the case of supraglottic cancer.
Evaluation of Pulmonary and Systemic Toxicity of Oil Dispersant (COREXIT EC9500A®) following Acute Repeated Inhalation Exposure
Authors: Roberts Jenny R. , Anderson Stacey E. , Kan Hong , Krajnak Kristine , Thompson Janet A. , Kenyon Allison , Goldsmith William T. , McKinney Walter , Frazer David G. , Jackson Mark , Fedan Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionOil spill cleanup workers come into contact with numerous potentially hazardous chemicals derived from the oil spills, as well as chemicals applied for mitigation of the spill, including oil dispersants. In response to the Deepwater Horizon Macondo well oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, a record volume of the oil dispersant, COREXIT EC9500A, was delivered via aerial applications, raising concern regarding potential health effects that may result from pulmonary exposure to the dispersant.MethodsThe current study examined the effects on pulmonary functions, cardiovascular functions, and systemic immune responses in rats to acute repeated inhalation exposure of COREXIT EC9500A at 25 mg/m3, five hours per day, over nine work days, or filtered air (control). At one and seven days following the last exposure, a battery of parameters was measured to evaluate lung function, injury, and inflammation; cardiovascular function; peripheral vascular responses; and systemic immune responses.ResultsNo significant alterations in airway reactivity were observed at one or seven days after exposure either in baseline values or following metha-choline (MCh) inhalation challenge. Although there was a trend for an increase in lung neutrophils and phagocyte oxidant production at one-day post exposure, there were no significant differences in parameters of lung inflammation. In addition, increased blood monocytes and neutrophils, and decreased lymphocyte numbers at one-day post exposure also did not differ significantly from air controls, and no alterations in splenocyte populations, or serum or spleen immunoglobulin M (IgM) to antigen were observed. There were no significant differences in peripheral vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists or in blood pressure (BP) responses to these agents; however, the baseline heart rate (HR) and HR responses to isoproterenol (ISO) were significantly elevated at one-day post exposure, with resolution by day 7.ConclusionsIn summary, acute repeated exposure to COREXIT EC9500A did not alter pulmonary function, lung injury/inflammation, systemic immune responses, or vascular tone, but did cause transient chronotropic effects on cardiac function.
Bilateral Pheochromocytoma with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Case
Authors: Gupta Brajesh B , Changole Sanjay S , Nandagawali Vishal , Kadam Chandratej Chandrkant 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Different clinical presentations, various preoperative and intraoperative complications and their potential to become malignant provide a challenge in diagnosing and managing these cases. We report a rare case of bilateral pheochromocytoma with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. He was diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytoma with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy presenting at the age of 15 years without evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2), or any familial syndrome or metastasis and then offered a surgery which was first cancelled due to uncontrolled hypertension. He was then taking alpha blocker for 8 years until he was again admitted to our institute. After prior blood pressure control with alpha and beta blocker drugs, open bilateral adrenalectomy was done without any complications. intraoperative spikes in blood pressure was managed with short acting antihypertensives, such as esmolol and labetalol. Postoperatively, patient is given steroid and under follow-up to rule out malignancy and other complications.

How to cite this article
Gupta BB, Changole SS, Nandagawali V, Kadam CC. Bilateral Pheochromocytoma with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Rare Case. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(3):107-109.
Hablemos de ángeles calvos, demonios pelones y figuras grotescas en la escultura barroca gallega
Authors: López Vázquez José Manuel 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT: The unusual bald angels depicted in the interior of the sounding board of the pulpit on the Gospel side of the Monastery of San Martiño Pinario in Santiago de Compostela are the starting point to undertake an iconographical study of the representation of demons in Galician Baroque sculpture, primarily in that found in Santiago de Compostela. In this analysis I go beyond the mere identification of its characteristic attributes in order to try to reconstruct the contents that they could communicate within their cultural context. In order to do so, I turn to sources derived from sacred and profane literature, as well as to Neostoicism as the prevailing trend in Spanish Catholicism of the Counter-Reformation. Finally, considering the fact that we are dealing with works of art whose form must therefore also be interrogated as a possible transmitter of emphatic contents, instead of analyzing them only as simple products of Baroque style, I stress their stylistic mode, especially, the grotesque one that was used in the majority of the examples. Furthermore, the accumulation of new meanings gleaned as a result of the mode´s analysis allows me to interpret important works of sculpture, such as two of the reliefs of Pinario’s main altarpiece: the Miracles of the Child and of the Pine Tree, from a distinctive and more enriching perspective, such as KEYWORDS: Iconography, Angels, Demons, Stylistic Mode, Neostoicism RESUMEN: La inusual representación de unos ángeles calvos en el interior del tornavoz del púlpito de evangelio del monasterio compostelano de San Martiño Pinario es el punto de partida para un estudio iconográfico de la representación del demonio en la escultura barroca gallega y, fundamentalmente, en la compostelana. En nuestro análisis no nos quedamos en el mero reconocimiento de los atributos que lo caracterizan, sino que, además, tratamos de reconstruir los contenidos que estos podían trasmitir en su contexto cultural, para lo cual acudimos a fuentes de literatura sacra y profana y al neoestoicismo como corriente preponderante en el catolicismo español postridentino. Finalmente, teniendo en cuenta que estamos ante obras de arte y que, por consiguiente, su forma también debe ser interrogada como posible trasmisora de contenidos enfáticos, en vez de analizarlas solo como obras de estilo barroco, hacemos hincapié en su modo estilístico, y particularmente, en el grotesco, en el que, en su mayoría, fueron plasmadas. Este incremento de significados a través del análisis del modo nos permite, además, interpretar con una perspectiva distinta y más enriquecedora obras importantes en dicha escultura como son los relieves de los milagros del niño y del pino del retablo mayor de Pinario. PALABRAS CLAVES: Iconografía, Ángeles, Demonios, Modo estilístico, Neoestoicismo.
Stratospheric sulfur and its implications for radiative forcing simulated by the chemistry climate model EMAC
Authors: Brühl C. , Lelieveld J. , Tost H. , Höpfner M. , Glatthor N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMultiyear simulations with the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC with a microphysical modal aerosol module at high vertical resolution demonstrate that the sulfur gases COS and SO2, the latter from low‐latitude and midlatitude volcanic eruptions, predominantly control the formation of stratospheric aerosol. Marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and other SO2 sources, including strong anthropogenic emissions in China, are found to play a minor role except in the lowermost stratosphere. Estimates of volcanic SO2 emissions are based on satellite observations using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Ozone Monitoring Instrument for total injected mass and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat or Stratospheric Aerosol and Gases Experiment for the spatial distribution. The 10 year SO2 and COS data set of MIPAS is also used for model evaluation. The calculated radiative forcing of stratospheric background aerosol including sulfate from COS and small contributions by DMS oxidation, and organic aerosol from biomass burning, is about 0.07W/m2. For stratospheric sulfate aerosol from medium and small volcanic eruptions between 2005 and 2011 a global radiative forcing up to 0.2W/m2 is calculated, moderating climate warming, while for the major Pinatubo eruption the simulated forcing reaches 5W/m2, leading to temporary climate cooling. The Pinatubo simulation demonstrates the importance of radiative feedback on dynamics, e.g., enhanced tropical upwelling, for large volcanic eruptions.
Evaluation of the radiation budget with a regional climate model over Europe and inspection of dimming and brightening
Authors: Chiacchio Marc , Solmon Fabien , Giorgi Filippo , Stackhouse Paul , Wild Martin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractShortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) components of the radiation budget at the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA) are evaluated in the regional climate model RegCM version 4 driven by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis over Europe. The simulated radiative components were evaluated with those from satellite‐based products and reanalysis. At the surface the model overestimated the absorbed solar radiation but was compensated by a greater loss of thermal energy while both SW and LW TOA net fluxes were underestimated representing too little solar energy absorbed and too little outgoing thermal energy. Averaged biases in radiative parameters were generally within 25 W m−2, were dependent on differences by as much as 0.2 in cloud fraction, surface, and planetary albedo and less dependent on surface temperature associated with the surface longwave parameters, and are in line with other studies. Clear‐sky fluxes showed better results when cloud cover differences had no influence. We also found a clear distinction between land versus water with smaller biases over land at the surface and over water at the TOA due to differences in cloud fraction and albedo. Finally, we inspected dimming and brightening for the period 1979–2010 with an indication for dimming early in the time series (i.e., 1979–1987) and brightening after, which agrees with surface‐based observations. After 2000, however, a decrease in the brightening by more than 1 order of magnitude was evident which is in contrast to the continued brightening found in surface records and satellite‐derived estimates.
Effects of submarine groundwater discharge on the present‐day extent of relict submarine permafrost and gas hydrate stability on the Beaufort Sea continental shelf
Authors: Frederick J. M. , Buffett B. A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate the role of submarine groundwater discharge on the offshore temperature and salinity field and its effect on the present‐day extent of submarine permafrost and gas hydrate stability on the North American Beaufort Shelf with a two‐dimensional numerical model based on the finite volume method. This study finds that submarine groundwater discharge can play a large role in submarine permafrost evolution and gas hydrate stability, suggesting that local hydrology may control the evolution of submarine permafrost as strongly as does sea level or paleoclimatic conditions. Submarine permafrost evolution shows transient behavior over potentially long time scales (e.g., several glacial cycles) before a balance of density‐ and pressure‐driven flows is established with the permeability variations imposed by the overlying permafrost layer. The “detectable” offshore permafrost extent is related to the quasi‐stationary location of the saltwater‐freshwater transition. Larger values of submarine groundwater discharge allow permafrost to extend farther offshore because fresh pore water preserves relict ice. Therefore, differences in the permafrost extent at locations that share similar paleoclimatic history may be explained in part by differences in the local hydrology. Gas hydrate stability on the North American Beaufort Shelf may be more widespread than currently thought because low‐ice saturation, highly degraded submarine permafrost likely exists beyond the boundary detectable by common geophysical methods.
Experimental study on effects of geologic heterogeneity in enhancing dissolution trapping of supercritical CO2
Authors: Agartan Elif , Trevisan Luca , Cihan Abdullah , Birkholzer Jens , Zhou Quanlin , Illangasekare Tissa H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDissolution trapping is one of the primary mechanisms that enhance the storage security of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) in saline geologic formations. When scCO2dissolves in formation brine produces an aqueous solution that is denser than formation brine, which leads to convective mixing driven by gravitational instabilities. Convective mixing can enhance the dissolution of CO2and thus it can contribute to stable trapping of dissolved CO2. However, in the presence of geologic heterogeneities, diffusive mixing may also contribute to dissolution trapping. The effects of heterogeneity on mixing and its contribution to stable trapping are not well understood. The goal of this experimental study is to investigate the effects of geologic heterogeneity on mixing and stable trapping of dissolved CO2. Homogeneous and heterogeneous media experiments were conducted in a two‐dimensional test tank with various packing configurations using surrogates for scCO2(water) and brine (propylene glycol) under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The results show that the density‐driven flow in heterogeneous formations may not always cause significant convective mixing especially in layered systems containing low‐permeability zones. In homogeneous formations, density‐driven fingering enhances both storage in the deeper parts of the formation and contact between the host rock and dissolved CO2for the potential mineralization. On the other hand, for layered systems, dissolved CO2becomes immobilized in low‐permeability zones with low‐diffusion rates, which reduces the risk of leakage through any fault or fracture. Both cases contribute to the permanence of the dissolved plume in the formation.
Effects of tidal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity on mixing and spreading in spatially heterogeneous coastal aquifers
Authors: Pool María , Post Vincent E. A. , Simmons Craig T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe study the combined effect of heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field and tidal oscillations on the three‐dimensional dynamics of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. We focus on the quantification of its impact on solute mixing and spreading of the freshwater–seawater interface. Three‐dimensional Monte Carlo realizations of log‐normally distributed permeability fields were performed, and for each realization, numerical variable density flow and solute transport simulations were conducted. Mixing is characterized by the spatial moments of concentration. The enhanced solute mixing is quantified by an effective dispersion coefficient. The simulations show that heterogeneity produces an inland movement of the toe location along with a significant widening of the transition zone, which is linearly proportional to the product of the arithmetic mean of the correlation lengths in the three spatial dimensions (λa) and the permeability field variance (
). We find that once tidal oscillations are included, as the degree of heterogeneity increases, the combined effect of heterogeneity and tidal oscillations on mixing and spreading of the interface reduces. This is explained by the fact that an increase in the log‐permeability variance induces an increase in both the effective permeability and the spatial connectivity, which implies a more uniform hydraulic response to tidal forcing and, as a result, the degree of mixing decreases. This study also identifies that the mixing behavior induced by tidal oscillations in heterogeneous coastal aquifers is controlled by the effective tidal mixing number (
) which depends on the amplitude, the period, the storativity, and the effective horizontal permeability.
Improvement of zeolites on solidification/stabilization of mercury‐contaminated wastes in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics: stabilization effect and mechanism study
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Zhang Shaoqing , Long Lin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, two kinds of zeolites materials [natural zeolite (NZ) and thiol‐functionalized zeolite] were added to the chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) processes for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of mercury‐contaminated hazardous wastes. The stabilization effect of the process and the stabilization mechanism are investigated in detail. Strong promotion effects of zeolites on the stability of mercury in the hazardous wastes were obtained, and the technology showed great advantages toward traditional Portland cement process. Not only high stabilization efficiency is obtained but also lower dosage of solidification and stabilization agents were used compared with Portland cement process. Treated by thiol‐functionalized zeolite (TFZ) and CBPC under optimum parameters, the waste containing 1500 mg Hg/kg could successfully pass the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. The S/S technology using NZ and CBPC could effectively reduce the mercury waste containing 625 mg Hg/kg pass the TCLP limit. The functions of NZ for reinforcing S/S of Hg‐containing CBPC matrixes could be assumed as physical filling by fine zeolites particles and microencapsulation by cementing gel formed by zeolites and phosphate; while for CBPC and TFZ processes, the reaction of SH with Hg to form HgS may play a major role in the stabilization of mercury. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of nanoclay distribution on morphology and mechanical behavior of rubber‐modified polyolefins
Authors: Babaienejad Moein , Bagheri Reza 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPolyolefin blends have attracted great attention for years because of their improved physical and mechanical properties; especially when micro/nanofillers are present in the compound. Previous investigations have proven that incorporation of small amounts of nanoclay can enhance physical and mechanical properties of the polymer. This research has focused on the role of clay distribution on morphology and mechanical properties of ternary nanocomposites containing a rubbery phase. High‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate/clay (HDPE/EVA/clay) is opted as a typical model for this purpose. EVA is selected to act as both compatibilizer, because of having polar vinyl groups, and rubber‐modifier, because of its elastomeric properties, in this ternary blend. Nanocomposite preparation was performed via one‐ and two‐step mixing routes to achieve two different desired morphologies. Tensile and Izod impact tests, and different microscopic techniques, were used to evaluate nanostructure and mechanical performance of blends. Results of the study proved two distinct morphologies forming as a result of different incorporated processing techniques. Mixing components simultaneously leaded to a structure in which, clay platelets are located at the HDPE/EVA interface, whereas in the two‐step processing route, most of the clay platelets are encapsulated by the EVA second phase particles. According to the results of the current study, encapsulation of the nanofillers by the second rubbery phase harms mechanical properties of the blend and should be avoided. On the other hand, much better mechanical performance is obtained when the clay platelets are located at the matrix/rubber interface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41993.