bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land Use Changes and Livelihood Scenarios of Rajahar VDC, Nawalparasi District, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Dhurba Prasad , Khatry Sunil Babu , Rimal Bhagawat 
Published: July 2015

A digital land use map of the study area Rajahar VDC at Nawalparasi district was prepared with the aid of RS/GIS for 1989 to 2013 followed by land use map analysis. The obtained image was classified as forest, agricultural, settlement, water body and religious areas for the study year 1989 to 1999 where industrial area was included as new land use category (0.07%) for 2013. The study showed that there was considerable change in forest area (-3.47%) and religious area (-0.01%). But agriculture land, settlement area and water body were increased by 2.02%, 3.66% and 1.28%, respectively. The land use change for 1989 to 2013 followed polynomial (R2: 0.6577) pattern. The identified land use change key drivers were dependent on past events and reactions of the respondents. ECOPRINT 21: 55-62, 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11905
Temperature effects on tensile properties of laser sintered polyamide 12
Authors: Neugebauer Fabian , Müller Niels , Ploshikhin Vasily , Thiel Stefan , Ambrosy Janick , Witt Gerd 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper focuses on a study of temperature effects on tensile properties of a polyamide 12 based polymer. Specimens for testing were generated using the additive manufacturing process of laser sintering. Tensile tests were conducted according to DIN EN ISO 527 at temperatures between 20 °C and 140 °C. A Zwick 250N5A was used for the tests. Fine strain up to 0.25 % was measured using a MTS biaxial extensometer. Crosshead displacement was recorded as well and used for generation of stress-strain curves. Within the paper, Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, tensile strength, tensile strain at tensile strength, stress and elongation at break and yielding are reported. The study showed that all analyzed mechanical properties depend significantly on temperature. Above 100 °C strain raised up to 100 %, however, it was limited by the traveling limit of the machine. The collected data were embedded in a table-driven elastic plastic material model for finite element simulation of tensile tests. Good agreements of simulations and experiments were obtained at all temperatures.
Effect of Ti-Al-O inclusions on the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite
Authors: Cai Zhengyu , Zhou Yahui , Tong Lianhai , Yue Qiang , Kong Hui 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The role of Ti-Al-O inclusions on nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). From SEM-EDS mapping images, two kinds of titanium containing oxides are observed. Type I is a Ti-Al-O phase, in which the elements of Al and Ti coexist. Type II is the titanium containing oxide, which precipitates on Al2O3. By statistical analysis, it can be seen that Type I is dominating in number, and its molar ratio of Ti/Al varied in a wide range, which reflects its composition complexity. After etching, microstructure of IAF is observed. It can be seen that sulfur accumulates on the periphery of nucleation Ti-Al-O inclusion, which is attributed to the precipitation of MnS. Moreover, this accumulation accompanies increasing in content ratio of Al/Ti, which could be explained by titanium vacancies. These vacancies can absorb Mn ions from the steel matrix around inclusions, which leads to a Mn depletion zone (MDZ). Its existence is confirmed by EDS line scanning, and considered to facilitate the formation of IAF since Mn is an austenite stabilizer.
Dynamic precipitation of nickel-based superalloys undergoing severe deformation below the solvus temperature
Authors: Nowotnik Andrzej , Rokicki Paweł , Mrówka-Nowotnik Grażyna , Sieniawski Jan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The authors performed uniaxial compression tests of nickel-based superalloys: single crystal CMSX–4, also precipitation hardened; Inconel 718 and X750, at temperatures below the γ′ solvus, in order to study the effect of temperature and strain rate on their flow stress and microstructural development. On the basis of the obtained flow stress values, the activation energy of a high-temperature deformation process was estimated. Microstructural observations of the deformed samples at high temperatures, previously solution heat treated and aged CMSX–4 and Inconel alloys revealed non-uniform deformation effects. Distribution of either molybdenum- or niobium-rich carbides was found to be affected by localized flow within the investigated strain range at relatively low deformation temperatures, 720–850 °C. Microstructural examination of the alloys also showed that shear banding and cavity growth were responsible for the decrease in flow stress and a specimen fracture at larger strains.
Material characterisation to identify the rheological behaviour for powder injection moulding
Authors: Claudel Dimitri , Sahli Mohamed , Barrière Thierry , Gelin Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For the purpose of powder injection moulding, a specific method is presented to identify the parameters for a combined rheological constitutive model. This model is a combination of three models used in powder injection moulding and accounts for the effects of the temperature, shear rate and particle size of the powder. The data obtained from experimental measurements were used for identification of the model parameters. The model with identified parameters could be used to realize accurate simulations.
Experimental investigation on the tensile behavior of a transparent polyurethane interlayer
Authors: Zhang LongHui , Zhang XiaoQing , Yao XiaoHu , Zang ShuGuang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The dynamic tensile response of a polyurethane interlayer was investigated using a series of tests, including differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, quasi-static tension tests and Kolsky tension bar tests. The suitable geometry of the polyurethane interlayer was analyzed and high-speed photography was employed to study the uniform deformation of the specimen at high strain rates. The tensile stress–strain responses of the polyurethane interlayer were sensitive to temperature and strain rate. The polyurethane interlayer exhibited brittle behavior and the failure occurred both in quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions at −40 °C. The experimental results can provide guidelines to a typical aeronautical windshield design.
Quick fabrication of appropriate morphology and composition CoFe films with desirable microwave properties
Authors: Zong BaoYu , Wu YuPing , Phuoc Nguyen Nguyen , Ho Pin , Qiu JinJun , Yang Yi , Chua Miao Jun , Ng Wei Beng , Chen YunJie , Han GuChang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA methodology to quickly prepare CoFe nanofilms with large magnetic permeability and resonance frequency from simple salt solutions is demonstrated. As the microwave properties of thin films are largely determined by their surface morphology and composition, CoFe film with unique morphology and composition is proposed based on theoretical analysis and subsequently electrodeposited with suitable parameters. This approach reveals that FexCo1-x(0.3 <x< 0.5 in atomic ratio) films consisting of sub-30 nm spherical nanoparticles, even in the form of bigger aggregated-nanoparticles, usually show a low coercivity (≤4240 A · m−1), moderate magnetic anisotropy (2900–8580 A · m−1), and high magnetic moment (≥1.4 T), permeability (>200) as well as resonance frequency (>1 GHz). Further experimental analyses show root causes of the phenomena. This methodology also provides useful references to rapidly identify microwave properties of thin films from their surface morphologies and main electrodeposition parameters.
Simulation of dendritic growth of Al-4 wt.% Cu alloy from an undercooled melt
Authors: Zhang Xianfei , Li Xikun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Three-dimensional dendritic growth of an Al-4 wt.% Cu alloy during solidification in the presence of forced flow was simulated by using a three-dimensional cellular automaton model. The three-dimensional Lattice–Boltzmann method was used in computing the flow dynamics. The effects of forced flow on the growth Péclet number, dendrite tip selection parameter, and secondary arm spacing were investigated. The simulated relationships of growth Péclet number and dendrite tip selection parameter with the forced flow are in good agreement with the Oseen–Ivantsov solution. The results indicate that with the increase in forced flow velocity, the secondary arm spacing first increases and then decreases.
Molsidomine for the prevention of vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficits and delayed brain infarction and the improvement of clinical outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center clinical observational study
Authors: Ehlert Angelika , Schmidt Christoph , Wölfer Johannes , Manthei Gerd , Jacobs Andreas H. , Brüning Roland , Heindel Walter , Ringelstein E. Bernd , Stummer Walter , Pluta Ryszard M. , Hesselmann Volker 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs) and cerebral vasospasm (CVS) are responsible fora poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), most likely because of a decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO) in the cerebral microcirculation. In this study, the authors examined the effects of treatment with the NO donor molsidomine with regard to decreasing the incidence of spasm-related delayed brain infarctions and improving clinical outcome in patients with SAH.

METHODS
Seventy-four patients with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH were included in this post hoc analysis. Twenty-nine patients with SAH and proven CVS received molsidomine in addition to oral or intravenous nimodipine. Control groups consisted of 25 SAH patients with proven vasospasm and 20 SAH patients without. These patients received nimodipine therapy alone. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) before and after treatment was analyzed for CVS-related infarcts. A modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to assess outcomes at a 3-month clinical follow-up.

RESULTS
Four of the 29 (13.8%) patients receiving molsidomine plus nimodipine and 22 of the 45 (48%) patients receiving nimodipine therapy alone developed vasospasm-associated brain infarcts (p < 0.01). Follow-up revealed a median mNIHSS score of 3.0 and a median mRS score of 2.5 in the molsidomine group compared with scores of 11.5 and 5.0, respectively, in the nimodipine group with CVS (p < 0.001). One patient in the molsidomine treatment group died, and 12 patients in the standard care group died (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
In this post hoc analysis, patients with CVS who were treated with intravenous molsidomine had a significant improvement in clinical outcome and less cerebral infarction. Molsidomine offers a promising therapeutic option in patients with severe SAH and CVS and should be assessed in a prospective study.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent or residual seizures after anterior temporal lobectomy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis: long-term follow-up results of more than 4 years
Authors: Lee Eun Mi , Kang Joong Koo , Kim Sang Joon , Hong Seok Ho , Ko Tae Sung , Lee Sang Ahm , Lee Do Heui , Lee Jung Kyo 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTGamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has proven efficacy in the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and is comparable to conventional resective surgery. It may be effective as an alternative treatment to reoperation after failed temporal lobe surgery in patients with MTLE-HS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of GKRS in patients with unilateral MTLE-HS who did not achieve seizure control or had recurrent seizures after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL).METHODSTwelve patients (8 males; mean age 35.50 ± 9.90 years) with MTLE-HS who underwent GKRS after failed ATL (Engel Classes III–IV) were included. GKRS targets included the remnant tissue or adjacent regions of the previously performed ATL with a marginal dose of 24–25 Gy at the 50% isodose line in all patients. Final seizure outcome was assessed using Engel’s modified criteria during the final 2 years preceding data analysis. A comparison between signal changes on follow-up MRI and clinical outcome was performed.RESULTSAll patients were followed up for at least 4 years with a mean duration of 6.18 ± 1.77 years (range 4–8.8 years) after GKRS. At the final assessment, 6 of 12 patients were classified as seizure free (Engel Class Ia, n = 3; Ic, n = 2; and Id, n = 1) and 6 patients were classified as not seizure free (Engel Class II, n = 1; III, n = 2; and IV, n = 3). Neither initial nor late MRI signal changes after GKRS statistically correlated with surgical outcome. Clinical seizure outcome did not differ significantly with initial or late MRI changes after GKRS.CONCLUSIONSGKRS can be considered an alternative option when the patients with MTLE-HS who had recurrent or residual seizures after ATL refuse a second operation.
Timing of deep vein thrombosis formation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Liang Conrad W. , Su Kimmy , Liu Jesse J. , Dogan Aclan , Hinson Holly E. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The time period of greatest risk for developing DVT after aSAH is not currently known. aSAH induces a prothrombotic state, which may contribute to DVT formation. Using repeated ultrasound screening, the hypothesis that patients would be at greatest risk for developing DVT in the subacute post-rupture period was tested.

METHODS
One hundred ninety-eight patients with aSAH admitted to the Oregon Health & Science University Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit between April 2008 and March 2012 were included in a retrospective analysis. Ultrasound screening was performed every 5.2 ± 3.3 days between admission and discharge. The chi-square test was used to compare DVT incidence during different time periods of interest. Patient baseline characteristics as well as stroke severity and hospital complications were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS
Forty-two (21%) of 198 patients were diagnosed with DVT, and 3 (2%) of 198 patients were symptomatic. Twenty-nine (69%) of the 42 cases of DVT were first detected between Days 3 and 14, compared with 3 cases (7%) detected between Days 0 and 3 and 10 cases (24%) detected after Day 14 (p < 0.05). The postrupture 5-day window of highest risk for DVT development was between Days 5 and 9 (40%, p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, length of hospital stay and use of mechanical prophylaxis alone were significantly associated with DVT formation.

CONCLUSIONS
DVT formation most commonly occurs in the first 2 weeks following aSAH, with detection in this cohort peaking between Days 5 and 9. Chemoprophylaxis is associated with a significantly lower incidence of DVT.
Use of optical coherence tomography to predict visual outcome in parachiasmal meningioma
Authors: Park Hun Ho , Oh Min Chul , Kim Eui Hyun , Kim Chan Yun , Kim Sun Ho , Lee Kyu-Sung , Chang Jong Hee 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
The authors investigated the value of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in predicting visual outcome after surgery for parachiasmal meningioma.

METHODS
Forty-nine eyes of 25 patients who underwent craniotomy and resection of a parachiasmal meningioma were analyzed retrospectively. Visual parameters including visual field (VF) (recorded as the mean deviation [MD]), visual acuity (VA), and RNFL thickness (via optical coherence tomography) were measured before and 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Postoperative visual outcome was compared among the patients with a thin or normal RNFL. A separate analysis of data pertaining to 22 eyes of 13 patients with severe VF defects (MD ≤ −10 dB) was performed to compare visual outcome for those with a thin or normal RNFL.

RESULTS
Of the 23 eyes that showed VF improvement, 22 (95.7%) had normal RNFL thickness. The positive predictive value of normal RNFL thickness for VF improvement was 78.6%. The VF of patients with normal RNFL thickness improved in 6 months and continued improving 1 year after surgery (MD −5.9 dB before surgery, −5.5 dB 1 week after surgery, −2.8 dB 6 months after surgery [p < 0.01], and −1.1 dB 1 year after surgery [p < 0.01]). In contrast, those with a thin preoperative RNFL showed deterioration at first and then slower, worse visual recovery after surgery (MD −18.1 dB before surgery, −22.4 dB 1 week after surgery, −21.2 dB 6 months after surgery, and −19.1 dB 1 year after surgery). VA also showed significant progress 6 months after surgery in patients with normal RNFL thickness (0.6 before surgery, 0.7 one week after surgery, 0.9 six months after surgery [p = 0.025], and 0.9 one year after surgery [p = 0.050]) compared to those with a thin RNFL (0.3 before surgery, 0.2 one week after surgery, 0.3 six months after surgery, and 0.4 one year after surgery). Preoperative differences in VF MD and VA were noted between the 2 groups (p < 0.01). Even patients with severe VF defects and normal RNFL thickness improved by 11.1 dB by 1 year after surgery compared with patients with a thin RNFL (−0.01 dB) (p < 0.01). Patients with normal RNFL thickness also did better in VA improvement (from 0.7 to 1.1) than those with a thin RNFL (from 0.2 to 0.3), but these results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
RNFL thickness measured by optical coherence tomography has significant value as a prognostic factor of postoperative visual recovery for parachiasmal meningioma. Patients with normal RNFL thickness before surgery are more likely to have visual improvement after surgery than patients with a thin RNFL.
Neuroophthalmological outcomes associated with use of the Pipeline Embolization Device: analysis of the PUFS trial results
Authors: Sahlein Daniel H. , Fouladvand Mohammad , Becske Tibor , Saatci Isil , McDougall Cameron G. , Szikora István , Lanzino Giuseppe , Moran Christopher J. , Woo Henry H. , Lopes Demetrius K. , Berez Aaron L. , Cher Daniel J. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Fiorella David J. , Berentei Zsolt , Marosfoi Miklos , Cekirge Saruhan H. , Kallmes David F. , Nelson Peter K. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Neuroophthalmological morbidity is commonly associated with large and giant cavernous and supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. The authors sought to evaluate the neuroophthalmological outcomes after treatment of these aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED).

METHODS
The Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms (PUFS) trial was an international, multicenter prospective trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the PED. All patients underwent complete neuroophthalmological examinations both before the PED procedure and at a 6-month follow-up. All examinations were performed for the purpose of this study and according to study criteria.

RESULTS
In total, 108 patients were treated in the PUFS trial, 98 of whom had complete neuroophthalmological follow-up. Of the patients with complete follow-up, 39 (40%) presented with a neuroophthalmological baseline deficit that was presumed to be attributable to the aneurysm, and patients with these baseline deficits had significantly larger aneurysms. In 25 of these patients (64%), the baseline deficit showed at least some improvement 6 months after PED treatment, whereas in 1 patient (2.6%), the deficits only worsened. In 5 patients (5%), new deficits had developed at the 6-month follow-up, while in another 6 patients (6%), deficits that were not originally assumed to be related to the aneurysm had improved by that time. A history of diabetes was associated with failure of the baseline deficits to improve after the treatment. The aneurysm maximum diameter was significantly larger in patients with a new deficit or a worse baseline deficit at 6 months postprocedure.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients treated with the PED for large and giant ICA aneurysms had excellent neuroophthalmological outcomes 6 months after the procedure, with deficits improving in most of the patients, very few deficits worsening, and few new deficits developing.
Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma drainage in nonagenarians and centenarians: a multicenter study
Authors: Lee Lester , Ker Justin , Ng Hui Yu , Munusamy Thangaraj , King Nicolas Kon Kam , Kumar Dinesh , Ng Wai Hoe 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Chronic subdural hemorrhage (SDH) or hematoma is a condition that affects elderly individuals. With advances in medical care, the number of nonagenarians and centenarians will increase. However, surgical treatments in this age group are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Because no data are available on the rates of survival among elderly patients with chronic SDHs who undergo surgical drainage or receive only conservative care, the goal of this study was to determine survival rates in patients 90 years of age or older with symptomatic chronic SDHs.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patient data that were collected at 3 hospitals over a 13-year period (from January 2001 to June 2013). The data from patients 90 years or older with symptomatic chronic SDHs and who were offered surgical treatment were included in the analysis. Patients who underwent surgical treatment were included in the surgical group and patients who declined an operation were included in the conservative care group. The patients’ Charlson Comorbidity Index score, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, dates of death, presenting symptoms, Glasgow Coma Scale score, length of stay in the hospital, discharge location, side of the SDH, and neurological improvements at 30-day and 6-month follow-ups were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier curves, and logistic regression.

RESULTS
In total, 101 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study; 70 of these patients underwent surgical drainage, and 31 received conservative care. Patients in the surgical group had statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher survival at both the 30-day and 6-month follow-ups, with 92.9% and 81.4% of the patients in this group surviving for at least 30 days and 6 months, respectively, versus 58.1% and 41.9%, respectively, in the conservative care group. Moreover, the mean overall length of survival of 34.4 ± 28.7 months was longer in the surgical group than it was in the conservative care group (11.3 ± 16.6 months). Overall, 95.7% of patients in the surgical group exhibited an improvement in neurological status after the SDH drainage, whereas none of the patients in the conservative care group showed any neurological improvement during their hospital stay. The surgical complication rate was 11.4%, and the overall rate of chronic SDH recurrence after surgery was 12.9%.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical drainage of chronic SDHs in nonagenarians and centenarians is associated with lower incidence of inpatient death and higher 30-day and 6-month survival rates.