bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NH4 : NO3 nutrition influence on biomass productivity and root respiration of poplar and willow clones
Authors: Rewald Boris , Kunze Martin E. , Godbold Douglas L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNitrogen fertilization often improves the yield of intensively managed, short‐rotation coppices. However, information of N nutrition form on the growth of common species and clones used for biomass production is limited. Thus, this study aims at evaluating N form effects on the growth of two Salicaceae clones. Cuttings of the poplar clone Max 4 (Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra) and the willow clone Inger (Salix triandra × S. viminialis) were fertilized in a pot experiment with four ratios of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (50%, 62.5%, 75% and 87.5% NO3− balanced with ammonium (NH4+) to constant total N) for one growing season and under stable soil pH. Plants were harvested for analysis of biomass and morphology of leaves, stem and roots. Respiration of fine and coarse roots (RR) was determined and related to biomass growth. Salix cv. Inger accumulated more total dry matter than Populus cv. Max 4. In both Salicaceae clones, the total biomass was significantly influenced by the nitrate ratio and greatest in plants fertilized with 50% NO3− of the total N supply. Both clones possess a different leaf and root morphology, but no significant influence of the NO3− ratio on the morphology was found. Fine RR rates differed significantly between clones, with significantly greater fine RR in Max 4; 87.5% NO3− fertilization increased the fine RR. Fine RR and total accumulated plant biomass were closely related. Our study is the first to show the tremendous influence of fine root respiration, especially including the carbon‐intensive reduction of NO3− to NH4+, on the aboveground growth of Salicaceae clones. Ways to improve yield in SRC are thus to lower the assimilate consumption by fine roots and to match fertilization regimes to the used clones or vice versa.
Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes
Authors: Cox S. C. , Menzies C. D. , Sutherland R. , Denys P. H. , Chamberlain C. , Teagle D. A. H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThermal springs in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, originate through penetration of fluids into a thermal anomaly generated by rapid uplift and exhumation on the Alpine Fault. Copland hot spring (43.629S, 169.946E) is one of the most vigorously flowing, hottest of the springs, discharging strongly effervescent CO2‐rich 56–58°C water at 6 ± 1 l sec−1. Shaking from the Mw7.8 Dusky Sound (Fiordland) 2009 and Mw7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) 2010 earthquakes, 350 and 180 km from the spring, respectively, resulted in a characteristic approximately 1°C delayed cooling over 5 days. A decrease in conductivity and increase in pH were measured following the Mw7.1 Darfield earthquake. Earthquake‐induced decreases in Cl, Li, B, Na, K, Sr and Ba concentrations and an increase in SO4 concentration reflect higher proportions of shallow‐circulating meteoric fluid mixing in the subsurface. Shaking at amplitudes of approximately 0.5% g Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and/or 0.05–0.10 MPa dynamic stress influences Copland hot spring temperature, which did not respond during the Mw6.3 Christchurch 2011 aftershock or other minor earthquakes. Such thresholds should be exceeded every 1–10 years in the central Southern Alps. The characteristic cooling response at low shaking intensities (MM III–IV) and seismic energy densities (approximately 10−1 J m−3) from intermediate‐field distances was independent of variations in spectral frequency, without the need for post‐seismic recovery. Observed temperature and fluid chemistry responses are inferred to reflect subtle changes in the fracture permeability of schist mountains adjacent to the spring. Permanent 10−7–10−6 strains recorded by cGPS reflect opening or generation of fractures, allowing greater quantities of relatively cool near‐surface groundwater to mix with upwelling hot water. Active deformation, tectonic and topographic stress in the Alpine Fault hanging wall, where orographic rainfall, uplift and erosion are extreme, make the Southern Alps hydrothermal system particularly susceptible to earthquake‐induced transient permeability.
Continental‐scale water‐level response to a large earthquake
Authors: Shi Z. , Wang G. , Manga M. , Wang C.‐Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCo‐seismic groundwater‐level changes induced by earthquakes have been reported for thousands of years. The M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake caused co‐seismic groundwater‐level responses across the Chinese mainland. Three types of changes were recorded in 197 monitoring wells: co‐seismic oscillations ranging in amplitude from 0.004 to 1.1 m, immediate co‐seismic step changes ranging from 0.0039 to 9.188 m, and more gradual postseismic changes ranging from 0.014 to 1.087 m. We find that the co‐seismic groundwater‐level response is complex. There is neither a clear relationship between the response amplitude and the distance from the epicenter, nor a clear relationship between the groundwater response and lithology at the continental scale. Both the sign and amplitude of water‐level changes are random at the continental scale, and a poroelastic response to the co‐seismic static strain cannot explain most of the co‐seismic changes. However, wells located near the edges of tectonically active blocks have larger response amplitudes than those in the middle of these ‘stable’ blocks. Considered together, these observations indicate that permeability enhancement caused by the earthquake is a significant or dominant mechanism causing water‐level changes. These data indicate that large earthquakes can cause the widespread permeability changes in the shallow crust although the magnitude of permeability change is uncertain.
Hydraulic conductivity of fractured upper crust: insights from hydraulic tests in boreholes and fluid‐rock interaction in crystalline basement rocks
Authors: Stober I. , Bucher K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe permeability (κ[m2]) of fractured crystalline basement of the upper continental crust is an intrinsic property of a complex system of rocks and fractures that characterizes the flow properties of a representative volume of that system. Permeability decreases with depth. Permeability can be derived from hydraulic well test data in deep boreholes. Only a handful of such deep wells exist on a worldwide basis. Consequently, few data from hydraulically tested wells in crystalline basement are available to the depth of 4–5 km. The permeability of upper crust varies over a very large range depending on the predominant rock type at the studied site and the geological history of the drilled crystalline basement. Hydraulic tests in deep boreholes in the continental crystalline basement revealed permeability (κ) values ranging over nine log‐units from 10−21 to 10−12 m2. This large variance also decreases with depth, and at 4 km depth, a characteristic value for the permeability κ is 10−15 m2. The permeability varies with time due to deformation‐related changes of fracture aperture and fracture geometry and as a result of chemical reaction of flowing fluids with the solids exposed along the fractures. Dissolution and precipitation of minerals contribute to the variation of the permeability with time. The time dependence of κ is difficult to measure directly, and it has not been observed in hydraulic well tests. At depths below the deepest wells down to the brittle ductile transition zone, evidence of permeability variation with time can be found in surface exposures of rocks originally from this depth. Exposed hydrothermal reaction veins are very common in continental crustal rocks and witness fossil permeability and its variation with time. The transient evolution of permeability can be predicted from models using fictive and simple starting conditions. However, a geologically meaningful quantitative description of permeability variation with time in the deeper parts of the brittle continental crust resulting from combined fracturing and chemical reaction appears very difficult.
Liver stiffness and aspartate aminotransferase levels predict the risk for liver fibrosis progression in hepatitisCvirus/HIV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Gonzalez FA , Van den Eynde E , Perez‐Hoyos S , Navarro J , Curran A , Burgos J , Falcó V , Ocaña I , Ribera E , Crespo M 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate liver fibrosis outcome and the risk factors associated with liver fibrosis progression in hepatitisCvirus (HCV)/HIV‐coinfected patients.MethodsWe prospectively obtained liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography in a cohort of 154HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients, mostlyCaucasian men on suppressive antiretroviral treatment, with the aim of determining the risk for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) increase and to identify the predictive factors for liver fibrosis progression. To evaluateLSMtrends over time, a linear mixed regression model withLSMlevel as the outcome and duration of follow‐up in years as the main covariate was fitted.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up time of 40 months, the median increase inLSMwas 1.05 kPa/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–1.38 kPa/year]. Fibrosis stage progression was seen in 47% of patients, and 17% progressed to cirrhosis. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and liver fibrosis stage at baseline were identified as independent predictors ofLSMchange. Patients withF3(LSM9.6–14.5 kPa) orASTlevels ≥ 64 IU/Lat baseline were at higher risk for acceleratedLSMincrease (ranging from 1.45 to 2.61 kPa/year), whereasLSMchange was very slow among patients with bothF0−F1 (LSM ≤ 7.5 kPa) andASTlevels ≤ 64 IU/Lat baseline (0.34 to 0.58 kPa/year). An intermediate risk forLSMincrease (from 0.78 to 1.03 kPa/year) was seen in patients withF2 (LSM7.6–9.5 kPa) andASTbaseline levels ≤ 64 IU/L.ConclusionsASTlevels and liver stiffness at baseline allow stratification of the risk for fibrosis progression and might be clinically useful to guideHCVtreatment decisions inHIV‐infected patients.
Human papillomavirus‐related basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with genital tract human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Ginori Alessandro , Barone Aurora , Santopietro Rosa , Barbanti Gabriele , Cecconi Filippo , Tripodi Sergio Antonio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a biologically aggressive neoplasm mainly found in the head and neck region. Recently, four cases of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder have been reported, and three of them occurred in patients with neurogenic bladder, repeated catheterizations and human papillomavirus infection of the urinary tract. To the best of our knowledge, none of the patients affected by basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder described in the literature had documented genital involvement by human papillomavirus. Herein, we describe the case of a woman with neurogenic bladder affected by basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and by a concomitant genital tract human papillomavirus infection.
Human amoebic hepatic abscess: in situ interactions between trophozoites, macrophages, neutrophils and T cells
Authors: Ventura‐Juárez J. , Jarillo‐Luna R. A. , Fuentes‐Aguilar E. , Pineda‐Vázquez A. , Muñoz‐ Fernández L. , Madrid‐Reyes J. I. , Campos‐Rodríguez R. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYAmoebic liver abscesses (ALA) are the most frequent and severe extraintestinal clinical presentations of amoebiasis. During the early establishment of amoebae in the liver parenchyma, as well as during the extension of the tissue necrosis, parasites interact with the parenchymal liver cells and, as a consequence of these interactions, hepatocytes can be destroyed and host immune cells can become activated. However, little is known about the nature of these interactions in the liver or about the factors involved in the local immune response. In this investigation we studied the localization of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, TCD4+, TCD8+ cells, CD68+ macrophages and CD15+ neutrophils in human ALA using immunohistochemical techniques. Trophozoites were found close to undamaged hepatocytes in both lysed and non‐lysed areas with either sparse or abundant inflammatory infiltrate. CD8+ cells were more abundant than CD4+ T cells. CD 68+ macrophages and CD15+ neutrophils were also detected, suggesting that neutrophils, macrophages and T cells might be related to the local host immune mechanisms in ALA. We also found that E. histolytica possesses proteins recognized by antibodies raised against inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Neighbouring‐group composition and within‐group relatedness drive extra‐group paternity rate in the European badger (Meles meles)
Authors: Annavi G. , Newman C. , Dugdale H. L. , Buesching C. D. , Sin Y. W. , Burke T. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExtra‐group paternity (EGP) occurs commonly among group‐living mammals and plays an important role in mating systems and the dynamics of sexual selection; however, socio‐ecological and genetic correlates of EGP have been underexplored. We use 23 years of demographic and genetic data from a high‐density European badger (Meles meles) population, to investigate the relationship between the rate of EGP in litters and mate availability, mate incompatibility and mate quality (heterozygosity). Relatedness between within‐group assigned mothers and candidate fathers had a negative quadratic effect on EGP, whereas the number of neighbouring‐group candidate fathers had a linear positive effect. We detected no effect of mean or maximum heterozygosity of within‐group candidate fathers on EGP. Consequently, EGP was associated primarily with mate availability, subject to within‐group genetic effects, potentially to mitigate mate incompatibility and inbreeding. In badgers, cryptic female choice, facilitated by superfecundation, superfoetation and delayed implantation, prevents males from monopolizing within‐group females. This resonates with a meta‐analysis in group‐living mammals, which proposed that higher rates of EGP occur when within‐group males cannot monopolize within‐group females. In contrast to the positive meta‐analytic association, however, we found that EGP associated negatively with the number of within‐group assigned mothers and the number of within‐group candidate fathers; potentially a strategy to counter within‐group males committing infanticide. The relationship between the rate of EGP and socio‐ecological or genetic factors can therefore be intricate, and the potential for cryptic female choice must be accounted for in comparative studies.
Knowing ‘something is not right’ is beyond intuition: development of a clinical algorithm to enhance surveillance and assist nurses to organise and communicate clinical findings
Authors: Brier Jessica , Carolyn Moalem , Haverly Marsha , Januario Mary Ellen , Padula Cynthia , Tal Ahuva , Triosh Henia 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo develop a clinical algorithm to guide nurses' critical thinking through systematic surveillance, assessment, actions required and communication strategies. To achieve this, an international, multiphase project was initiated.BackgroundPatients receive hospital care postoperatively because they require the skilled surveillance of nurses. Effective assessment of postoperative patients is essential for early detection of clinical deterioration and optimal care management. Despite the significant amount of time devoted to surveillance activities, there is lack of evidence that nurses use a consistent, systematic approach in surveillance, management and communication, potentially leading to less optimal outcomes. Several explanations for the lack of consistency have been suggested in the literature.DesignMixed methods approach.MethodsRetrospective chart review; semi‐structured interviews conducted with expert nurses (n = 10); algorithm development.ResultsThemes developed from the semi‐structured interviews, including (1) complete, systematic assessment, (2) something is not right (3) validating with others, (4) influencing factors and (5) frustration with lack of response when communicating findings were used as the basis for development of the Surveillance Algorithm for Post‐Surgical Patients.ConclusionThe algorithm proved beneficial based on limited use in clinical settings. Further work is needed to fully test it in education and practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Surveillance Algorithm for Post‐Surgical Patients represents the approach of expert nurses, and serves to guide less expert nurses' observations, critical thinking, actions and communication. Based on this approach, the algorithm assists nurses to develop skills promoting early detection, intervention and communication in cases of patient deterioration.
WEALTH EFFECTS AND MACROECONOMIC DYNAMICS
Authors: Cooper Daniel , Dynan Karen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effect of wealth on consumption is an issue of long‐standing interest to economists. Conventional wisdom suggests that fluctuations in household wealth have driven major swings in economic activity both in the United States and abroad. This paper considers the so‐called consumption wealth effects. There is an extensive existing literature on wealth effects that has yielded some insights. For example, research has documented the relationship between aggregate household wealth and aggregate consumption over time, and a large number of household‐level studies suggest that wealth effects are larger for households facing credit constraints. However, there are also many unresolved issues regarding the influence of household wealth on consumption. We review the most important of these issues and argue that there is a need for much more research in these areas as well as better data sources for conducting such analysis.
Bruxism and oral parafunctional hyperactivity in social phobia outpatients
Authors: Hermesh H. , Schapir L. , Marom S. , Skopski R. , Barnea E. , Weizman A. , Winocur E. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAnxiety and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered aggravating factors for bruxism. We examined the influence of anxiety, depression and SSRI on bruxism in social phobia (SP). Twenty‐three drug naïve, 17 SSRI‐treated SP patients and 33 healthy controls underwent a psychiatric assessment and completed Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Oral parafunctional activity (PF) was evaluated by TM‐dental examination and by a questionnaire. Drug‐ naïve and SSRI‐treated SP patients did not differ on demographic and clinical measures. Awake bruxism, ‘JAW PLAY’ and at least one PF were more prevalent in SP than in controls. Severity of SP predicted the presence of PF. SP, but not depression, was associated with higher risk of oral PF and awake bruxism. Chronic SSRI treatment of SP did not affect sleep and awake bruxism. Dental and anxiety screening may improve the prognosis psychiatric and dental patients. Effective treatment of SP may mitigate bruxism.
Rural Health Care Bypass Behavior: How Community and Spatial Characteristics Affect Primary Health Care Selection
Authors: Sanders Scott R. , Erickson Lance D. , Call Vaughn R.A. , McKnight Matthew L. , Hedges Dawson W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurpose(1) To assess the prevalence of rural primary care physician (PCP) bypass, a behavior in which residents travel farther than necessary to obtain health care, (2) To examine the role of community and non‐health‐care‐related characteristics on bypass behavior, and (3) To analyze spatial bypass patterns to determine which rural communities are most affected by bypass.MethodsData came from the Montana Health Matters survey, which gathered self‐reported information from Montana residents on their health care utilization, satisfaction with health care services, and community and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression and spatial analysis were used to examine the probability and spatial patterns of bypass.ResultsOverall, 39% of respondents bypass local health care. Similar to previous studies, dissatisfaction with local health care was found to increase the likelihood of bypass. Dissatisfaction with local shopping also increases the likelihood of bypass, while the number of friends in a community, and commonality with community reduce the likelihood of bypass. Other significant factors associated with bypass include age, income, health, and living in a highly rural community or one with high commuting flows.ConclusionsOur results suggest that outshopping theory, in which patients bundle services and shopping for added convenience, extends to primary health care selection. This implies that rural health care selection is multifaceted, and that in addition to perceived satisfaction with local health care, the quality of local shopping and levels of community attachment also influence bypass behavior.
Peptide YY, neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin‐releasing factor modulate gastrointestinal motility and food intake during acute stress
Authors: Forbes Sarah C. , Cox Helen M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) provides protection against the endocrine, feeding and gastrointestinal (GI) responses to stress; however, it is not yet established how it interacts with corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) to mediate these effects. Peptide YY (PYY) also has significant roles in GI motility and food intake but little is known about its role in stress responses.MethodsUpper GI transit, fecal pellet output (FPO) and feeding responses, and the role of CRF1 receptors, during restraint or a novel environment stress, were ascertained in PYY−/−, NPY−/− and wild type (WT) mice, with CRF and the CRF1 antagonist, antalarmin, injected intraperitoneally.Key ResultsUpper GI transit and FPO were significantly increased in PYY−/− mice during restraint stress. Exogenous CRF increased defecation during placement in a novel environment in WT mice through CRF1, while CRF1 blockade reduced defecation in WT and NPY−/− mice but had no effect in PYY−/− mice. In addition, CRF1 blockade had no effect on upper GI transit in WT mice, or on food intake in PYY−/− or NPY−/− mice, but it significantly increased food intake in WT mice.Conclusions & InferencesEndogenous NPY appears to inhibit the colonic motor response induced by CRF1 activation, unlike PYY, while both peptides are required for CRF1 modulation of feeding behavior during stress. Overall, these results provide new insights into the mechanism by which PYY and NPY affect stress responses.
High‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the mandible: case report in a child and literature review
Authors: de Albuquerque R.L.C. , Melo S.L.S. , Bastos T.S. , Rocha R.S. , Piva M.R. , de Melo M.F.B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMyofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) is a rare neoplasm with a predilection for the head–neck region. Most MSs are low‐grade tumours, but a rarer, less differentiated, high‐grade variant has been described. To date, only six cases of MS have been reported in children, all low‐grade tumours. We report a case of aggressive MS, presented as an ulcerated mass in the anterior region of the mandible of an 11‐year‐old girl. Radiographs showed extensive bone destruction and ‘floating‐in‐air’ teeth displacement. Histopathological analysis revealed proliferation of pleomorphic spindle‐shaped and round cells arranged in a storiform and fascicular pattern. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells showed intense positivity for α‐smooth muscle actin and vimentin but focal for desmin, CD99 and HHF‐35. Laminin, S‐100 protein, CD68, pan‐cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen were negative. These findings were interpreted as high‐grade MS. Chemotherapy and segmental mandibulectomy were used to achieve local control, but the patient died 6 months later as a result of multiple metastases.