bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Nontoxic Yellow Pigments: Sr2Ce1−xTbxO4
Authors: Raj Athira K V , Rao P Prabhakar , Sameera S , James Vineetha , Divya S 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Novel yellow inorganic pigments Sr2Ce1−xTbxO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were synthesized by the conventional solid-state route. The structure and morphology of the developed pigments were characterized using powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. A UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer was employed to investigate the optical properties, and the color characteristics were evaluated by CIE 1976 L*a*b* color scales. The Tb substitution extends the absorption edge to longer wavelengths by introducing an additional electronic level between the valence and conduction bands. Consequently, the prepared pigments exhibit various yellow colors by fine tuning of the band gap from 3.03 (white) to 2.52 eV (reddish-greenish yellow). Doping of Tb into Sr2CeO4 enhances the NIR reflectance at 1100 nm from 87% to 91%. The coloring performance of the synthesized pigments was investigated in the polymer matrix for plastic coloring applications. The exhibition of high NIR reflectance with comparable color properties of these pigments makes them potential candidates as cool colorants to reduce the heat build-up.
Alteration of DNAzyme Activity by Silver Ion
Authors: Urata Shoma , Miyahata Takaaki , Matsuura Hirotaka , Kitamura Yusuke , Ihara Toshihiro 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The thermal stability of the parallel motif triple helix DNA containing CG.CH+ base triplets is improved by silver ions. The N3 protons of cytosines on the third strand are replaced by the ions to form CG.CAg+, which are stable regardless of the pH values. The activity of the DNAzyme that binds its substrate DNA through triple helix formation was examined in the presence of silver ions. The DNAzyme activity was retained even at neutral pH with the assistance of silver ions.
The influence of FDG PET-CT on the detection of extrahepatic disease in patients being considered for resection of colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Lake ES , Wadhwani S , Subar D , Kauser A , Harris C , Chang D , Lapsia S 
Published: March 2014

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET-CT), as an adjunct to conventional CT staging, in the detection of extrahepatic disease in patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastasis. Methods Overall, 133 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases staged with CT and PET-CT referred to the East Lancashire regional hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team over a two-year period were included in this study. Abnormal findings on PET-CT were correlated with follow-up imaging and/or histology. All imaging was reviewed by specialist hepatobiliary radiologists for the presence/absence of extrahepatic disease. The influence of the PET-CT findings was categorised for each patient in relation to operability and other significant findings. Results PET-CT had a major impact on staging of extra hepatic disease in 20% of patients, in comparison with the initial CT. Six per cent of patients were upstaged from operable CT findings to inoperable findings on PET-CT because of the discovery of inoperable occult extrahepatic disease. Five per cent had operable local regional nodal disease detected on PET-CT. A further 3% had premalignant colorectal lesions detected on PET-CT. Six per cent of patients were downstaged from indeterminate or suspected inoperable CT findings to operable findings on PET-CT. Conclusions The use of PET-CT in this setting may prevent futile operations, guide the resection of local regional nodal disease and downstage a number of patients thought to have extrahepatic disease on conventional imaging. This study has shown similar results to other recent studies and supports the use of PET-CT as a necessary staging modality in patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases.
Social Approach and Emotion Recognition in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Williams Tracey A. , Porter Melanie A. , Langdon Robyn 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Evidence is emerging that individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) display emotion recognition deficits, which may contribute to their significant social difficulties. The current study investigated the emotion recognition abilities, and social approachability judgments, of FXS individuals when processing emotional stimuli. Relative to chronological age- (CA-) and mental age- (MA-) matched controls, the FXS group performed significantly more poorly on the emotion recognition tasks, and displayed a bias towards detecting negative emotions. Moreover, after controlling for emotion recognition deficits, the FXS group displayed significantly reduced ratings of social approachability. These findings suggest that a social anxiety pattern, rather than poor socioemotional processing, may best explain the social avoidance observed in FXS.
Child Behavior Problems and Parental Well-Being in Families of Children With Autism: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Acceptance
Authors: Jones Leah , Hastings Richard Patrick , Totsika Vasiliki , Keane Lisa , Rhule Neisha 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFew research studies have explored how the level of a child's behavior problems leads to psychological distress in parents of children with autism. The authors explored whether psychological acceptance and mindfulness mediated this relationship between child behavior and parental distress. Seventy-one mothers and 39 fathers of children with autism participated, by reporting on their own positive and negative psychological well-being and their child's behavior problems. Psychological acceptance was found to act as a mediator variable for maternal anxiety, depression, and stress, and for paternal depression. General mindfulness and mindful parenting had significant mediation effects for maternal anxiety, depression, and stress. These results contribute to evidence that mindfulness and acceptance may be important parental psychological processes, with implications for parent support.
On Formal Cause
Authors: McLuhan Eric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Aristotle identified four causes of natural phenomena: formal, efficient, material, and final. The efficient cause is the maker and the making process. The material cause is the matter involved (solder, bricks . . .). The final cause is the result or object itself. Formal cause, however, remains enigmatic. Long thought to be “plans” or “blueprints,” it is found to be situational or environmental cause and to operate in many fields, particularly the arts, and the study of media and their ecologies.
A Man for All Media: Orson Welles as Media Ecologist/Medium Theorist
Authors: Heyer Paul 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article contends that Orson Welles’ (1915–1985) success in a variety of media results in part from his astute understanding of the audio and visual potential of these media. Parallels are drawn between his intuitive grasp of media as an artistic practitioner and the academic tradition of media ecology and medium theory. Welles’ “media sense” is seen as complemented by his skill at adaptation—the ability to alter source material in ways that innovatively utilize the full sensory possibilities of theater, radio, and cinema. Examples discussed include theatrical productions, such as Marlowe’s Faustus, the Les Misérables radio broadcast, his first feature film, Citizen Kane, and his last completed film, F For Fake.
The “Domestic Goddess”: Postfeminist Representation in the Televisual Kitchen: A Media Ecological Analysis of Nigella Bites
Authors: Greene Carlnita P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Sparking controversy among British and American audiences, Nigella Bites is certainly not your typical cooking show. However, by viewing the show from a media ecological standpoint, we see that it is an example of how television as an “information system” can change our views about gender roles. The show’s appeal is categorically one with a postfeminist perspective that is an assertive form of femininity merged with a feminist consciousness. Therefore, it calls into question the extent to which we perform gender roles and provides a more complex outlook of women’s roles than some of the one-dimensional televisual representations of the past.
Endovascular Repair as a Bridge to Surgical Repair of an Aortobronchial Fistula Complicating Chronic Residual Aortic Dissection
Authors: Matos Jesus M. , de la Cruz Kim I. , Ouzounian Maral , Preventza Ourania , LeMaire Scott A. , Coselli Joseph S. 
Published: April 2014

Endovascular and open surgical repair have been used in patients with descending thoracic aortic dissection; however, the appropriate treatment is debated. We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who had a symptomatic, chronic, residual, descending thoracic aortic dissection that was complicated by an aortobronchial fistula. She underwent emergent thoracic endovascular stent-grafting but remained symptomatic. Computed tomographic angiograms showed a contained rupture into the lower lobe of the left lung. The patient underwent definitive surgery to remove the stents, reconstruct the aorta, and resect the nonviable lung tissue. The remainder of her postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged from the hospital 13 days after the 2nd operation. Results of genetic testing confirmed an earlier presumptive diagnosis of Marfan syndrome.
In an emergency, the best initial option for patients with a complicated descending thoracic aortic dissection might be thoracic endovascular aortic repair, which could serve as a bridge to definitive open repair.
Life-Saving Systemic Thrombolysis in a Patient with Massive Pulmonary Embolism and a Recent Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Bottinor Wendy , Turlington Jeremy , Raza Syed , Roberts Charlotte S. , Malhotra Rajiv , Jovin Ion S. , Abbate Antonio 
Published: April 2014

Massive pulmonary embolism is associated with mortality rates exceeding 50%. Current practice guidelines include the immediate administration of thrombolytic therapy in the absence of contraindications. However, thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism is said to be absolutely contraindicated in the presence of recent hemorrhagic stroke and other conditions. The current contraindications to thrombolytic therapy have been extrapolated from data on acute coronary syndrome and are not specific for venous thromboembolic disease. Some investigators have proposed that the current contraindications be viewed as relative, rather than absolute, in cases of high-risk pulmonary embolism.
We present the case of a 60-year-old woman in whom massive pulmonary embolism led to cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity. Eight weeks earlier, she had sustained a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident—a classic absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy. Despite this practice guideline, we administered tissue plasminogen activator systemically in order to save the patient's life. This therapy did not evoke intracranial bleeding, and the patient was eventually discharged from the hospital. Until guidelines specific to venous thromboembolic disease are developed, we think that the current contraindications to thrombolysis should be considered on an individual basis in patients who are at high risk of death from massive pulmonary embolism.
Percutaneous Retrograde Transfemoral Closure of Mitral Paravalvular Leak in 3 Patients without Construction of an Arteriovenous Wire Loop
Authors: Kilic Teoman , Sahin Tayfun , Ural Ertan 
Published: April 2014

Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leaks has emerged as an alternative to repeated surgeries. Different percutaneous techniques and various devices have been used, off-label, for paravalvular leak closure. For mitral leaks, antegrade transseptal, retrograde transfemoral, and retrograde transapical techniques have been developed. In the antegrade transseptal approach, an arteriovenous guidewire loop is often created to advance the delivery sheath. In retrograde transfemoral closure, the wire in the left atrium is usually snared after transseptal puncture, to pull it from the femoral vein. The delivery sheath and closure device will subsequently be deployed from the left atrium. Each of these procedures takes time, is costly, and increases the risk of complications.
We present the cases of 3 patients in whom we closed mitral paravalvular leaks by means of a retrograde transfemoral approach, with use of an Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder II device and without the construction of an arteriovenous wire loop. We think that this approach can be very useful in a specific group of patients—reducing costs, fluoroscopy times, and complications related to transseptal puncture and construction of an arteriovenous wire loop. In our institution, this reported technique is routinely used for mitral paravalvular leak closure.
Staged Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty before Standard Aortic Valve Replacement in Selected Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Altarabsheh Salah Eldien , Greason Kevin L. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Suri Rakesh M. , Li Zhuo , Mathew Verghese , Joyce Lyle D. , Park Soon J. , Dearani Joseph A. 
Published: April 2014

This study evaluated preoperative balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) as a technique to decrease aortic valve replacement (AVR) risk in patients who have severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis with substantial comorbidity.
We report the outcomes of 18 high-risk patients who received BAV within 180 days before AVR from November 1993 through December 2011. Their median age was 78 years (range, 51–93 yr), and there were 11 men (61%). The pre-BAV median calculated Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS PROM) was 18.3% (range, 9.4%–50.7%). Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction measured a median of 0.23 (range, 0.05–0.68), and the median aortic valve area index was 0.4 cm2/m2 (range, 0.2–0.7 cm2/m2). The median interval from BAV to AVR was 28 days (range, 1–155 d). There were no strokes or deaths after BAV; however, 4 patients (22%) required mechanical circulatory support, 3 (17%) required femoral artery operation, and 1 (6%) developed severe aortic valve regurgitation. After BAV, the median STS PROM fell to 9.1% (range, 2.6%–25.7%) (compared with pre-BAV, P <0.001). Echocardiography before AVR showed that the median left ventricular ejection fraction had improved to 0.35 (range, 0.15–0.66), and the aortic valve area index to 0.5 cm2/m2 (range, 0.3–0.7 cm2/m2) (compared with pre-BAV, both P <0.05). All patients received AVR. Operative death occurred in 2 patients (11%), and combined operative death and morbidity in 7 patients (39%).
Staged BAV substantially reduces the operative risk associated with AVR in selected patients.
Evaluation of Fifty-Two Cavitation Erosion Tunnel Tests
Authors: Meged Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the framework of the International Cavitation Erosion Test (ICET), 52 cavitation erosion tests were performed in cavitation tunnels. These tests were performed by six labs in eight test groups, on five metallic reference materials. The subjects studied are: cavitation erosion trail, test specimen, calculation of mean depth of erosion (MDE), values, cavitation erosion–time curves, measuring accuracy, variation of test results, and material classification. In all these categories, deficiencies were detected such as: lack of data on eroded areas, water flow velocity at the specimen’s surface, and an evaluation misconception based on the assumption that the eroded area is equal to the specimen area. These deficiencies cast heavy doubt on the reliability of the test results. Only eighteen tests were found relevant for obtaining quantitative data. Recommendations are made to overcome some of the detected deficiencies and to improve both reliability and applicability of future cavitation erosion tunnel test results.
Local Strains That Lead to the Thermo-mechanical Fatigue of Thick-walled Pressure Vessels
Authors: Okrajni Jerzy , Twardawa Mariusz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the modeling of strains and stresses resulting from the heating and cooling processes of components in power plants. The main purpose of this work was to determine the mechanical behavior of power plant components operating under mechanical and thermal loading. The finite element method has been used to evaluate the temperature and stress changes in components as a function of time. The temperature fields in the components of power plants are dependent, apart from other relevant parameters, on variable heat-transfer conditions between these components and the fluid medium (which may change its state) flowing inside them. For this reason an evaluation of the temperature field and the consequent stress fields requires the consideration of heat-transfer coefficients as time-dependent variables, which in turn calls for suitable techniques for the determination of appropriate values for these coefficients. Methodology that combines computer modeling of the temperature fields with temperature measurements performed at selected points of the pipelines may be used in this case. It is readily apparent from the stress-versus-time graphs that under unsteady operating conditions the components analyzed in this study, especially in the case of boiler restarts, may operate with transient thermal stresses that sometimes reach values higher than a yield point. Consequently, a thermo-mechanical fatigue process takes place in the materials of the components in question. Local stress-strain diagrams for the selected points of the plant components describe this kind of fatigue. These diagrams characterize the intensity of the process and are necessary when the fatigue life is predicted. Such diagrams are part of thermo-mechanical fatigue life prediction methods. The problem of their description is important in the development of a new design methodology for highly reliable pressure vessels.
The Design of a Laboratory Test Machine to Simulate Thermal Fatigue in Hot-Working Tool Steels
Authors: Torres-Garza A. , Quiñones-Salinas M. A. , Barragan-Serna I. A. , Mercado-Solis R. D. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A laboratory-scale thermal fatigue simulator has been designed, constructed, and commissioned by the authors for studying thermal fatigue of hot-working tool steels by means of rapid alternated heating and cooling. The basic design features, construction characteristics, and test capabilities of the thermal fatigue simulator are presented in this paper. Thermal fatigue simulations were run on hardened and tempered AISI H13 hot-working tool steel specimens in time-control with heating and cooling times of 15 and 10 s, respectively, and a total number of 500 and 2000 thermal fatigue cycles. The experimental results have demonstrated that the simulator is capable of producing thermal fatigue cracks with the same characteristics of those seen in real industrial hot-working tools. Based on their size and the extent of propagation, a clear distinction between primary, secondary, and craze cracks could be established at the failed surfaces. Additionally, a thermo-mechanical finite element model of the first 10 thermal fatigue cycles was developed to compute the transient temperatures, stresses, and strains distributions within the test specimen during thermal cycling. Based on the model results, the low cycle fatigue life was estimated using the Coffin–Manson equation, which relates the number of cycles to crack initiation to the plastic strain range per cycle. The experimentally obtained fatigue lives were appreciably shorter than the calculated ones, arguably due to surface roughness and oxidation effects.
Aspirin Allergy Desensitization in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L , Seder David B , Tsujiura Crystiana , Cushing Deborah , Gallup Holly , Mocco J , Hanel Richard A , Ecker Robert D 
Published: March 2014

Aspirin (ASA) is the mainstay of treatment in cerebrovascular and systemic vascular disease. ASA hypersensitivity can pose a challenge to achieving optimum medical management prior to and after neurointerventional treatment. Desensitization to ASA is well described in the allergy and cardiovascular literature, but there are no similar discussions specific to neurointervention. The purpose of our study was to describe our experience with ASA hypersensitivity management and review the relevant literature. Two cases of patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease requiring neurointervention who were successfully desensitized to their ASA hypersensitivity prior to treatment are described. The subsequent literature is reviewed. Several ASA desensitization protocols exist and have been proven to successfully treat ASA hypersensitivity and allow for ASA therapy to be safely initiated. We describe several previously published protocols. ASA desensitization is a safe and simple way to manage ASA hypersensitivity. We provide comprehensive management guidelines for the neurointerventionalist engaging in ASA desensitization.
Contrast Staining on CT after DSA in Ischemic Stroke Patients Progresses to Infarction and Rarely Hemorrhages
Authors: Amans Matthew R. , Cooke Daniel L. , Vella Maya , Dowd Christopher F. , Halbach Van V. , Higashida Randall T. , Hetts Steven W. 
Published: March 2014

Contrast staining of brain parenchyma identified on non-contrast CT performed after DSA in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an incompletely understood imaging finding. We hypothesize contrast staining to be an indicator of brain injury and suspect the fate of involved parenchyma to be cerebral infarction. Seventeen years of AIS data were retrospectively analyzed for contrast staining. Charts were reviewed and outcomes of the stained parenchyma were identified on subsequent CT and MRI. Thirty-six of 67 patients meeting inclusion criteria (53.7%) had contrast staining on CT obtained within 72 hours after DSA. Brain parenchyma with contrast staining in patients with AIS most often evolved into cerebral infarction (81%). Hemorrhagic transformation was less likely in cases with staining compared with hemorrhagic transformation in the cohort that did not have contrast staining of the parenchyma on post DSA CT (6% versus 25%, respectively, OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.017–0.98, p = 0.02). Brain parenchyma with contrast staining on CT after DSA in AIS patients was likely to infarct and unlikely to hemorrhage.
Angiogenesis in Steno-Occlusive Vasculopathies as a Common Pathway for Intracranial Haemorrhage
Authors: Van Den Berg René , Rijssenbeek Astrid L. , Sprengers Marieke E.S. , Bot Joost C.J. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , Vandertop William P. 
Published: March 2014

Vasculopathies, including vasculitis of the central nervous system, can lead to stenosed, cicatrized vessels and the development of arterio-arteriolar collateral vessels. Bleeding due to these vascular changes, although rare, does occur. We describe six patients (all female, age range, 21–52 years; mean age, 42 years) with steno-occlusive lesions of intracranial vessels who presented with an acute intracranial haemorrhage. All had arterial steno-occlusive changes in conjunction with extensive leptomeningeal and arterio-arteriolar collaterals. Within the collaterals, focal dilatations could be identified, which were in close spatial relationship with the intracranial haemorrhage. Cause of bleeding was depicted on CT angiography in four out of six patients. One patient presented in childhood with acute stroke, one patient was diagnosed with Buerger's disease and one with sickle cell disease; the other three patients had no relevant history and the exact cause remained unclear. Outcome was favourable in all patients. Despite focal vascular weaknesses, no recurrent haemorrhage was seen during follow-up, supporting, at least in this small patient group, a conservative wait-and-see policy.