bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Legal Encroachment on Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Tuchler MI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This volume is a resourceful study on current problems on the interface, law and psychiatry. It is not an anthology. With particular attention to psychiatric-legal issues in civil law, the Editor, Stephen Rachlin, has gathered the opinion of a seminal group of teachers, all active in the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, who have published on current civil law-psychiatric interface, and in a series of articles, have extended and clarified current issues. Gutheil and Mills enlarge on the conflicting models of the law and on clinical practice. The need for the law to study the viewpoint of psychiatry is made obvious by the isolation of the lawyer from readily available clinical literature. The conceptual models of psychiatry and law are reviewed to provide an underpinning for the discussion of the collaborators.
Accidental Poisonings Involving Carbon Monoxide, Heating Systems, and Confined Spaces
Authors: Caplan YH , Thompson BC , Levine B , Masemore W 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eleven incidents of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication resulting in sixteen fatalities are reported. All of the cases involved heating systems as either the source or the means of distributing the CO. Blood samples were analyzed for ethanol and CO. Elevated blood CO saturations were found in 14 of the 16 victims while none of the victims had a blood ethanol concentration greater than 0.10% (w/v).
Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Blood by Gas Chromatography Using a Thermal Conductivity Detector
Authors: Goldbaum LR , Chace DH , Lappas NT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method is described for the gas chromatographic quantitation of carbon monoxide by means of thermal conductivity detection. Carbon monoxide is released from blood samples as small as 0.02 mL using a unique extraction chamber. The method was compared to a standard gas chromatographic and spectrophotometric method of carbon monoxide quantitation. It was comparable to the former with all samples evaluated and apparently more reliable than the latter with decomposed samples.
A Modified Super Glue® Technique—The Use of Polycyanoacrylate for Fingerprint Development
Authors: Almog J , Gabay A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Latent fingerprints on various items were developed by exposing them to fumes obtained by heating the solid polymer, polycyanoacrylate. The results were comparable in quality to those obtained by the regular Super Glue® technique, based on the liquid cyanoacrylate monomer which is harder to handle. Without heating, the development process required much longer periods of time. Two simple devices have been constructed that use the new technique.
Analysis of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET) in Human Postmortem Specimens
Authors: Crowley RJ , Geyer R , Muir SG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) levels in postmortem specimens of stomach and contents, blood, liver, and urine are reported following ingestion of the compound. DEET was analyzed by gas chromatography with an OV-101 column and a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The presence of the compound in the four postmortem specimens was confirmed by mass spectrometry.
Analysis of Photographic Distortion in Bite Marks: A Report of the Bite Mark Guidelines Committee
Authors: Rawson RD , Vale GL , Herschaft EE , Sperber ND , Dowell S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Some degree of distortion is found in all bite marks. That distortion can be caused by photographic methods of recording the mark, by the dynamics of the bite, or by artifaction. All types of distortion complicate the process of matching marks to dentition, thus making it important to understand the distortion and, if possible, correct or allow for it. A method of analyzing photographically distorted bite patterns is presented, future research directions are suggested, and evidence-gathering standards are stressed.
Catecholamines in the Vitreous Fluid and Urine of Guinea Pigs Dying of Cold and the Effect of Postmortem Freezing and Autolysis
Authors: Lapinlampi TO , Hirvonen JI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Concentrations of catecholamines in vitreous fluid and urine in guinea pigs dying of cold and the effects of freezing and autolysis on these parameters were studied. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Noradrenaline (NA) concentration in vitreous fluid was more than 20 times higher in the cold exposed animals than in controls (44.2 ± 9.2 versus 2.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL). Autolysis alone caused an increase to 33.5 ± 7.7 ng/mL, and freezing alone to 13.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL. The highest values were in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. Adrenaline (A) concentration in the vitreous fluid increased fourfold (3.9 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 0.5 ng/mL) in cold exposure and twofold as a result of autolysis. Dopamine (DA) concentration in vitreous fluid was elevated only in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. The increase of NA concentration in urine was fivefold during the whole exposure (from 19.4 ± 6.9 to 109 ± 57.3 ng/mL), but A was increased by twentyfold (from 10 ± 5.1 to 213.2 ± 168.7 ng/mL), whereas DA concentration did not change. The increase of average excretion of NA to urine was eightfold during the first 6 h of exposure, and that of A tenfold. According to the present results, elevated concentrations of catecholamines in the vitreous fluid and urine can be used as a diagnostic aid for hypothermia death. Concerning the values of noradrenaline in the vitreous, the increase as a result of autolysis must be taken in account when interpreting the results.
Population Frequencies of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA II), Esterase D (EsD), and Glyoxalase I (GLO) in the Metropolitan Birmingham, Alabama Area
Authors: Meighen AG , Smith FP , Angus RA , McClelland C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Both black and white populations from Birmingham, Alabama were analyzed for the frequencies of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), glyoxalase I (GLO) and esterase D (EsD) isozymes. The results compared favorably with published frequencies of these genetic markers in other populations.
The Sciatic Notch/Acetabular Index as a Discriminator of Sex in European Skeletal Remains
Authors: MacLaughlin SM , Bruce MF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The sciatic notch/acetabular index and its rule of thumb application was tested on two European skeletal series of documented sex. The results showed poor consistency between documented and estimated sex. Of the two variables comprising the index, it appeared that sciatic notch width was a particularly poor discriminator of sex. It is suggested that this may be due to differences in the relationship between sciatic notch form and body size in different ethnic groups.
A Review of Environmental Dispute Resolution
Authors: Starrs JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
If you have always wanted to know whether the current and ongoing despoiling of the environment will result in the “silent spring” against which Rachel Carson forewarned, this book is not for you. But if you are driven to know whether environmental disputes can have either a zero-sum or a nonzero-sum resolution, then this book will definitely suit your tastes.
A Microplate Method for Reverse ABO Typing of Bloodstains
Authors: Mudd JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A sensitive and reliable hemagglutination assay, using V-bottom microplates, is described for the detection of the ABO blood group alloantibodies in bloodstained material. When used in conjunction with an absorption-elution procedure, the microplate assay resulted in a 300% increase in the number of conclusive grouping results when compared to the Lattes crust test. The use of the microplate reverse grouping assay permits 24 specimens to be assayed conveniently on a single plate and eliminates the tedious and time-consuming microscopic examination required for the Lattes crust test.
Developments in Arson Analysis: A Comparison of Charcoal Adsorption and Direct Headspace Injection Techniques Using Fused Silica Capillary Gas Chromatography
Authors: Reeve V , Jeffery J , Weihs D , Jennings W 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Procedures that have been explored for the extraction or concentration or both of fire accelerant materials from arson residues include direct headspace injection, steam distillation, charcoal adsorption followed by thermal or solvent elution, and on-column headspace injection of vapor samples, combined with cryogenic focusing. Because of the advantages to be gained from improved separations and increased sensitivity, it seemed advisable to use capillary column gas chromatography with whatever method was ultimately selected. The results of previous studies led to a decision to compare (1) a modified carbon wire adsorption technique and (2) cryogenic focused vapor samples directly injected on-column. Based on our experiences with the charcoal and cryogenic focusing techniques (in presence of water), the cryogenic method is an appropriate and satisfactory technique. Concentration methods (for example, distillation and adsorption) have been faulted for engendering quantitative and qualitative changes in the sample. Direct headspace injections of the type investigated here exercise less effects. They are simple to perform, require minimum sample preparation, and result in superior case sensitivity.
Patterns in Sharp Force Fatalities—A Comprehensive Forensic Medical Study
Authors: Ormstad K , Karlsson T , Enkler L , Law B , Rajs J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A ten-year series of 142 homicidal fatalities caused by sharp force injury was studied with the aim to systematize information inherent in the characteristics of the victim and the pattern of injuries. The population of victims consisted of 112 males (79%) and 30 females (21%); among perpetrators, 125 (88%) were males. Among victims as well as among perpetrators, persons of non-Swedish origin were overrepresented in relation to their share of the nonselected population. In 82 cases (58%), one or two wounds had been inflicted; in 23 cases (16%), ten or more wounds. In the latter group, eleven victims but no perpetrators were female.
In the majority of cases victim and perpetrator were known to each other, and in instances of multiple wounding, a close relationship between the two was clearly more common than in the group of one- to two-wound fatalities. Tests for blood alcohol were positive in 86 of 116 victims (74%), the majority being in elimination phase. Furthermore, 96 of 120 perpetrators (80%) had positive tests or were known to be drunk at the time of the killing. In multiple wound fatalities, alcohol inebriation was less common both among victims and perpetrators. In these cases, the two persons involved were usually closely related or intimately known to each other, and in the absence of psychiatric disorder in the assailant, the motive was of a passionate type.
Alcohol: Its Effect on Handwriting
Authors: Galbraith NG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A series of research studies was conducted to determine if there would be changes in the handwriting of 35 men and women after they had been drinking. Handwriting samples were taken before the participants had consumed any alcohol and again after the drinking period had ended. Deterioration in the handwriting was charted. Based on this study, the handwriting could not be used in any way to measure accurately the blood alcohol concentration of a writer. The results of the handwriting comparisons are discussed.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Murderers
Authors: Harry B , Resnick PJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three case histories of men who suffered posttraumatic stress disorders after committing homicides are presented. These men were relatively young and had chaotic childhoods and minimal criminal histories. Each had killed a woman with whom he had a significant but intensely turbulent emotional relationship. The killings all occurred during altered mental states that were unrelated to the use of drugs or alcohol. The clinical significance and some of the medicolegal implications of this phenomenon are discussed.
Fractionation of Accelerants and Arson Residues by Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Aldridge TA , Oates M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Adsorption elution extracts of fire debris are separated on solid phase extraction columns to divide the sample into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The fractions are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and compared with standard accelerants similarly treated.
The Breaking of Tempered Glass Vehicle Windows Using Broken Spark Plug Insulators
Authors: Springer E , Zeichner A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A novel and efficient method for forced entry into vehicles using broken spark plug insulators to break the windows was reviewed. Various experiments were performed in which a number of objects, varying in their physical characteristics, were compared to the broken ceramic plus insulators in order to examine the uniqueness of the latter in the breaking of tempered glass. A plausible mechanism was presented attributing the great efficiency of the insulators to their hardness in relation to other materials (MOHS scale), and to their potential for the concentration of force in one point because of the sharp, jagged ends.
Race Determination of Fragmentary Crania by Analysis of the Cranial Base
Authors: Dean Holland T 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The cranial base can be used to determine the race of fragmentary skulls. An initial study used 8 measurements taken from 100 crania in the Terry Collection. The sample was divided equally by race and sex. Five regression models were formulated that predicted correctly the race of the sample with 70 to 86% accuracy. In a separate test, a control sample of 20 skulls, also drawn from the Terry Collection but not involved with formulating the regression equations, was correctly classified with 75 to 95% accuracy.
A Review of Death Investigation and Examination Medicolegal Guidelines and Checklists
Authors: Froede RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The notebook, edited by the Executive Director and the Chairman of the Forensic Sciences Foundation, consists of a ten-part series of guidelines and checklists concerning a variety of medicolegal procedures. The contributors are forensic science experts in their respective fields. These fields include scene investigation, postmortem examination, toxicology, odontology, physical anthropology, and jurisdictional problems. There is also a selected bibliography covering some of the major forensic science areas.
The tumor suppressor FBW7 controls ciliary length
Authors: Nikonova Anna S , Golemis Erica A 
Published: August 2015

The primary cilium provides a hub for reception of extracellular chemical and mechanical cues that influence differentiation, proliferation, and polarity, and contributes to cell cycle control. Ciliary length impacts the cilium's ability to coordinate these processes, and length control defects are linked to a number of clinically important developmental disorders. An exciting new study identifies a new mechanism of ciliary regulation based on interactions of CDK5 and the FBW7 tumor suppressor in regulating the degradation of the centrosomal protein NDE1 (Maskey et al, ).
NITRIC OXIDE, ITS METABOLITES, AND GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS В AND С
Authors: Korkotashvili L. V. , Romanova S. V. , Kolesov S. A. 
Published: August 2015

Aim. To detect changes in the concentration of nitric oxide and its metabolites – nitrites and nitrates in conjunction with the indices of the glutathione system in the children with chronic hepatitis В and С. Patients and methods. In the research took a part 76 patients (boys or girls) with chronic hepatitis В and С aged from 7 up to 16 years. Nitric oxide and its metabolites determined by method of V.A. Metel’skaya and N.G. Gumanova; level of reduced glutathione – the titrimetric analysis; activity of glutathione transferase – the method of spectrophotometry. Results. The content of nitric oxide and its metabolites– nitrites and nitrates – in serum and urine of children with chronic viral hepatitis В and С have increased. Correlations were revealed between nitric oxide and its metabolites in serum and urine, as well as between these indices and glutathione system parameters – reduced glutathione concentration and activity of enzymes of glutathione transferase of erythrocytes and plasma. Conclusions. In the children with chronic viral hepatitis В and С the increase of the concentration of nitric oxide and its metabolites in serum and urine is accompanied by decrease of reduced glutathione concentration and increase of glutathione transferase activity in erythrocytes and plasma. These findings suggest the presence of oxidative stress due to which the therapy should be strengthened by antioxidant effect.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS. PART 2. CONCEPTUAL, TERMINOLOGICAL, AND DEFINITIVE FRAMEWORK OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Authors: Onishchenko G. G. , Smolenskii V. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Demina Yu. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Toporkov A. V. , Lyapin M. N. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: August 2015

In accordance with the established conceptual base for the up-to-date broad interpretation of biological safety, and IHR (2005), developed is the notional, terminological, and definitive framework, comprising 33 elements. Key item of the nomenclature is the biological safety that is identified as population safety (individual, social, national) from direct and (or) human environment mediated (occupational, socio-economic, geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system) exposures to hazardous biological factors. Ultimate objective of the biological safety provision is to prevent and liquidate aftermaths of emergency situations of biological character either of natural or human origin (anthropogenic) arising from direct and indirect impact of the biological threats to the public health compatible with national and international security hazard. Elaborated terminological framework allows for the construction of self-sufficient semantic content for biological safety provision, subject to formalization in legislative, normative and methodological respects and indicative of improvement as regards organizational and structural-functional groundwork of the Russian Federation National chemical and biological safety system, which is to become topical issue of Part 3.
THE PREDICTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Grigoriadi N. E. , Vasilets L. M. , Tuev A. V. , Ratanova E. A. , Khlynova O. V. , Agafonov A. V. 
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the parameters of the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients with hypertension, to determine their prognostic value on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients and methods: the study involved 72 people: patients with hypertension and AF, with isolated hypertension and apparently healthy individuals. All of them performed echocardiography, blood pressure monitoring and monitoring of cardiogram. Results: the dilatation of left atrial was founded: patients with the atrial fibrillation on the background of hypertension observed the most pronounced changes in the left atrial. In patients with hypertension without arrhythmias and in combination with atrial fibrillation severe left ventricular hypertrophy was observed. Left ventricle systolic function in groups has been stored but in patients with atrial fibrillation on the background of hypertension was significantly lower. The risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension prognostic value are the only values of the age, the volume index of the left atrial to the body surface area and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions. The risk of AF in hypertension occurs over the age of 55 and each subsequent year increases it in 1,2 times, it increases with an index value of the left atrial to the body surface over 29 ml/m2 and with a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction less than 58%.
IMMUNOLOGIC INDEXES, ENZYME STATUS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF BLOOD NEUTROPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSED BY EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS
Authors: Kurtasova L. M. , Tolstikova A. E. , Savchenko A. A. 
Published: August 2015

Aim. Explore the immunological parameters, levels of activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases lymphocytes, interferon status parameters, phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence response of neutrophils in the blood of children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Patients and methods. 65 children at the age of 4–6 years old with infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV in acute phase were observed. Such indexes as cell-mediated, humoral and interferon immunity, NAD(P)-depended dehydrogenases activity in blood lymphocyte, phagocytes activity, levels of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence of peripheral blood neutrophils were studied. Results. Children with EVB-infection have immunophenotype spectrum changes and changes of enzymes status of blood lymphocytes against the increasing in leucocytes and the useful increasing in lymphocytes. The useful increasing in IgA, IgM, IgG contenting in serum blood were found. The decreasing of spontaneous production of IFN α and the decreasing of induced production of IFN α, IFN γ were determined. The breach of phagocytes activity and chemiluminescent response of blood neutrophils were found. Conclusions. The children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, there are changes in the immune status, changes the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes, marked changes in functional and metabolic state of peripheral blood neutrophils.
ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM RS6737848 IN THE SOCS5 GENE WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Saltykova I. V. , Freidin M. B. , Bragina E. Yu. , Ogorodova L. M. , Puzyrev V. P. 
Published: August 2015

Aim: to investigate the role of polymorphic variants of immune-response modifying genes in predisposition to asthma. Patients and methods. The analysis of restriction fragments length polymorphism was used to investigate 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: IFNG rs2069705, IFNGR2 rs17880053, IL4 rs 2070874, IL4RA rs 1805010, GATA3 rs10905277, TBX21 rs11652969, PIASY rs3760903, PIAS3 rs12756687, STAT5β rs16967593, and SOCS5 rs6737848 in 106 asthma patients and 115 healthy people. Results. The rs6737848 SOCS5 polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma in additive model (р =0,05, OR =0,338, 95%CI 0,158–0,723) and in dominant model (р =0,02, OR =0,284, CI 0,126–0,638). None of the polymorphisms of the studied genes was associated with total IgE levels. Conclusions. This is the first report on the association of rs6737848 SOCS5 with asthma.