bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Replication of the System of Conductive Education in the United States
Authors: Benyovszky Andrea 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
During the 1980s, the methodology of Hungarian-created conductive education began its innovation in becoming an international model for working with individuals with physical disabilities. Its prevalence has increased around the world ever since. These international interests stimulated efforts to develop ways in which the discipline of conductive education (CE) could occur abroad and as a result, develop a worldwide network of practice. In the United States the first establishment of this international model of conductive education occurred in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Under the professional supervision of the András Pető Institute of Conductive Education and College for Conductor Training, (MPANNI in Hungarian), the Conductive Learning Center (CLC) was established in 1999, enrolling students to participate in the conductive education model and also serving as the laboratory school for the Aquinas College (AQ) teacher preparation program for earning the endorsement to teach the Physically and Otherwise Health Impaired (POHI). Currently, this collaborative program at AQ provided with MPANNI is unique in North America.
Grandiose Gefühle
Authors: Preußer Heinz-Peter 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Sublime is a framework for overwhelming emotions in a neuronalphysiologic und psychological sense. And since Burke’s Enquiry it has been established as a constitutive part of the discourse of aesthetics. With Kant, his empirical exposition took a decisive transcendental turn, unfolding the dichotomy of the Mathematically and the Dynamically Sublime. Whereas in the former case, we are stunned by the incomprehensible vastness of impression, in the latter we enjoy the mighty, threatening and extinguishing power of nature once we ourselves are safe. Both feelings are generated by the cinema as a dispositive of artificial experience in which it becomes sensually evident why imagination fails in its ability to comprehend the whole. But although perceiving its diminutiveness, the subject masters this failure by raising itself up in being able to think - as opposed to imagining - the Greatness. Lyotard interprets this hubris as an act of self-empowerment, tending to extinguish the experience of nature. Therefore, his interest in the Sublime bears on abstract, amorphous art and lighting installations. This article, however, argues that especially with regard to the film as mass media, the categories and concepts of the sublime as deployed in the 18th century are still appropriate in order to grasp a major form of our aesthetic experience.
Brief aus Äthiopien
Authors: Gutema Bekele 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The letter deals with the establishing and development of philosophical education in the Department of Philosophy of Addis Ababa University. It explores the focus of philosophical education since its inception, unravelling a trajectory that began with a few courses and has now reached a level where a PhD in teaching is offered and important research undertaken. It explains how certain philosophical issues have influenced the evolution of philosophical education in Ethiopia. The dynamics of philosophical education in Ethiopia is constituted by the debate on the nature and task of philosophy. This highlights a healthy and fruitful debate by students of philosophy pointing out that philosophy can be contextualised to enlighten us on social and moral questions without, of course, forgetting the traditional and main branches of philosophy.
A Causal Perspective on OSIM2 Data Generation, with Implications for Simulation Study Design and Interpretation
Authors: Gruber Susan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractResearch by the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) has focused on developing and evaluating strategies to exploit observational electronic data to improve post-market prescription drug surveillance. A data simulator known as OSIM2 developed by the OMOP statistical methods group has been used as a testbed for evaluating and comparing different estimation procedures for detecting adverse drug-related events from data similar to that found in electronic insurance claims data. The simulation scheme produces a longitudinal dataset with millions of observations designed to closely match marginal distributions of important covariates in a known dataset. In this paper we provide a non-parametric structural equation model for the data generating process and construct the associated directed acyclic graph (DAG) depicting the causal structure. These representations reveal key differences between simulated and real-world data, including a departure from longitudinal causal relationships, absence of (presumed) sources of bias and time ordering of covariates that conflicts with reality. The DAG also reveals the presence of unmeasured baseline confounding of the causal effect of a drug on a subsequent medical condition. Conclusions naively drawn from this simulation study could mislead an investigator trying to gain insight into estimator performance on real data. Applying causal inference tools allows us to draw more informed conclusions and suggests modifications to the simulation scheme that would more closely align simulated and real-world data.
Reclassification of cytologically atypical thyroid nodules based on radiologic features in pediatric patients
Authors: Arva Nicoleta C. , Deitch Sarah G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn children the percentage of “Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (“AUS/FLUS”) cases is greater and the risk of malignancy is higher than expected. Our study aimed to determine if cytologically atypical nodules can be better characterized using imaging techniques for appropriate management of pediatric patients.Thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens were reclassified using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC). Cytologic-histologic correlation was performed to determine if the cytopathologic groups had different associations with the surgical outcome. The “AUS/FLUS” lesions were then subdivided based on radiologic features and the outcome was analyzed for each subgroup.Histologically benign follicular nodules showed uniform distribution between the “benign” vs. “AUS/FLUS” (p=0.09) or between the “AUS/FLUS” vs. “follicular neoplasm” (“FN”) cytologic groups (p=0.27). The follicular neoplasms were also evenly distributed between the “FN” vs. “AUS/FLUS” categories (p=0.31). “Benign”, “AUS/FLUS”, and “FN” designations showed comparable associations with papillary thyroid carcinoma classical variant (PTC-cv). Reclassification of atypical lesions based on ultrasound findings yielded two subcategories with different risk of malignancy: one similar to the “benign” group (11% malignancy rate) and one comparable with the “FN” category (28% risk of malignant neoplasm).“AUS/FLUS” designation does not add significant value in categorization of pediatric thyroid nodules. These lesions can be reclassified based on radiologic features to provide accurate information for follow-up.
Laboratory diagnostics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: von Eckardstein Arnold 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Owing to the high prevalence and associated complications of liver fibrosis, of any etiology, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both have become important public health issues. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, as well as NAFLD. Recent studies have discovered and validated several non-invasive biochemical biomarkers and imaging procedures for the diagnostics of liver fibrosis and NAFLD. In comparison to patented tests (FibroTest®, Fibrometer®, and Hepascore®), non-patented tests (APRI, ELFG, FIB-4, Forns Index, and MP3) tend to have a lower diagnostic performance, especially for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (METAVIR stage F2). The difference in performance is less pronounced for the diagnosis of cirrhosis (METAVIR stage F4). Elastography is superior to biomarkers in the diagnosis of cirrhosis (F4) but not fibrosis (F2). However, in 20% of patients elastography cannot be performed or evaluated due to anatomical reasons. Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) is the most promising single biomarker for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Scores and algorithms have been less extensively validated for their diagnostic performance in diagnosing and staging of NAFLD and NASH as compared with fibrosis in chronic hepatitis. Data are promising. Patented scores as well as CK-18 appear slightly superior to freely available scores including the NAFLD fibrosis score, which is recommended by American guidelines. In conclusion, non-invasive biomarkers and elastography appear promising as prescreening tools to limit the number of liver biopsies.
Legal issues of genome analysis
Authors: Schillhorn Kerrin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A number of legal issues arise with regard to genome analyses. In the context of medical treatment, some of these issues are being dealt with by the German Gendiagnostikgesetz. In the context of science, the right to self-determination over personal data should be observed. A legislative act would be necessary to create a reliable basis for scientists, doctors, and patients.
CRITICAL CARE ECHO ROUNDS: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Victor Kelly , Barrett Nicholas A. , Gillon Stuart , Gowland Abigail , Meadows Christopher I. S. , Ioannou Nicholas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of organ support indicated in selected cases of severe cardiovascular and respiratory failure. Echocardiography is an invaluable diagnostic and monitoring tool in all aspects of ECMO support. The unique nature of ECMO, and its distinct effects upon cardio-respiratory physiology, requires the echocardiographer to have a sound understanding of the technology and its interaction with the patient. In this article, we introduce the key concepts underpinning commonly used modes of ECMO and discuss the role of echocardiography.
Case
A 38-year-old lady, with no significant past medical history, was admitted to her local hospital with group A Streptococcal pneumonia. Rapidly progressive respiratory failure ensued and, despite intubation and maximal ventilatory support, adequate oxygenation proved impossible. She was attended by the regional severe respiratory failure service who established her on veno-venous (VV)-ECMO for respiratory support. Systemic oxygenation improved; however, significant cardiovascular compromise was encountered and echocardiography demonstrated a severe septic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction <15%, aortic velocity time integral 5.9 cm and mitral regurgitation dP/dt 672 mmHg/s). Her ECMO support was consequently converted to a veno-veno-arterial configuration, thus providing additional haemodynamic support. As the sepsis resolved, arterial ECMO support was weaned under echocardiographic guidance; subsequent resolution of intrinsic respiratory function allowed the weaning of VV-ECMO support. The patient was liberated from ECMO 7 days after hospital admission.
The Role of CDK4/6 Inhibition in Breast Cancer
Authors: Murphy Conleth G. , Dickler Maura N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImbalance of the cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway in cancer cells may result in diversion away from a pathway to senescence and toward a more proliferative phenotype. Cancer cells may increase cyclin D-dependent activity through a variety of mechanisms. Therapeutic inhibition of CDKs in tumors to negate their evasion of growth suppressors has been identified as a key anticancer strategy. In this review, we outline the development of CDK inhibitory therapy in breast cancer, including the initial experience with the pan-CDK inhibitor flavopiridol and the next generation of oral highly selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors PD0332991 (palbociclib), LEE011 (ribociclib), and LY2835219 (abemaciclib). Data from phase I and II studies in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer demonstrate promising efficacy with manageable toxic effects, chiefly neutropenia. We discuss these studies and the phase III studies that are accruing or nearing completion. We describe the application of such therapy to other breast cancer settings, including HER2-positive breast cancer and the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. We also discuss potential concerns surrounding the combination of CDK inhibitors with chemotherapy and their effects on repair of double-strand DNA breaks in cancer cells. Oral highly selective CDK inhibitors show great promise in improving the outcomes of patients with ER+ breast cancer, although caution must apply to their combination with other agents and in the early breast cancer setting.
Impact of Oral Commensal Bacteria on Degradation of Periodontal Connective Tissue in Mice
Authors: Irie Koichiro , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Morita Manabu , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Darveau Richard P. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal commensal bacteria can affect periodontal innate defense status. However, it is still unclear how commensal bacteria contribute to the inflammatory responses of junctional epithelium (JE) and periodontal connective tissue (PCT). The aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution of commensal bacteria on inflammatory responses in JE and PCT in mice.Methods: The periodontal tissue of germ‐free (GF) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice were compared at age 11 to 12 weeks (n = 6 per group). In this study, the number of neutrophils and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)‐1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, and MMP‐8 within the JE and the PCT are evaluated. The collagen density was also determined in PCT stained with picrosirius red (PSR). PSR staining combined with or without polarized light microscopy has been used to assess the organization and maturation of collagen matrix.Results: In the present findings, the area of JE in SPF mice was significantly greater than that in GF mice (P <0.05). In addition, the JE and PCT in SPF mice showed greater migration of neutrophils and higher expression of ICAM‐1, FGFR‐1, MMP‐1, and MMP‐8 than those in GF mice (P <0.05). Furthermore, the density of collagen in PCT in SPF mice was lower compared to GF mice (P <0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that commensal bacteria induced a low‐grade inflammatory state in JE and that such conditions may contribute to degradation of collagen in PCT in mice.
The Enduring Effects of Smoking in Latin America
Authors: Palloni Alberto , Novak Beatriz , Pinto-Aguirre Guido 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We estimated smoking-attributable mortality, assessed the impact of past smoking on recent mortality, and computed expected future losses in life expectancy caused by past and current smoking behavior in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We used a regression-based procedure to estimate smoking-attributable mortality and information for 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay) for the years 1980 through 2009 contained in the Latin American Mortality Database (LAMBdA). These countries jointly comprise more than two thirds of the adult population in Latin America and the Caribbean and have the region’s highest rates of smoking prevalence. Results. During the last 10 years, the impact of smoking was equivalent to losses in male (aged ≥ 50 years) life expectancy of about 2 to 6 years. These effects are likely to increase, particularly for females, both in the study countries and in those that joined the epidemic at later dates. Conclusions. Unless innovations in the detection and treatment of chronic diseases are introduced soon, continued gains in adult survival in Latin America and the Caribbean region may slow down considerably.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Accelerated Hepatitis B Vaccination Schedule in Drug Users
Authors: Shah Dimpy P. , Grimes Carolyn Z. , Nguyen Anh T. , Lai Dejian , Hwang Lu-Yu 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We demonstrated the effectiveness of an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users. Methods. We compared the long-term effectiveness of accelerated (0–1–2 months) and standard (0–1–6 months) hepatitis B vaccination schedules in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) antibody loss during 2-year follow-up in 707 drug users (HIV and HBV negative at enrollment and completed 3 vaccine doses) from February 2004 to October 2009. Results. Drug users in the accelerated schedule group had significantly lower HBV infection rates, but had a similar rate of anti-HBs antibody loss compared with the standard schedule group over 2 years of follow-up. No chronic HBV infections were observed. Hepatitis C positivity at enrollment and age younger than 40 years were independent risk factors for HBV infection and antibody loss, respectively. Conclusions. An accelerated vaccination schedule was more preferable than a standard vaccination schedule in preventing HBV infections in drug users. To overcome the disadvantages of a standard vaccination schedule, an accelerated vaccination schedule should be considered in drug users with low adherence. Our study should be repeated in different cohorts to validate our findings and establish the role of an accelerated schedule in hepatitis B vaccination guidelines for drug users.
Comparison of MMP Estimation Methods with Proposed Workflow
Authors: Kanatbayev M. , Meisingset K.K. , Uleberg K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a practical workflow for evaluating standard MMP estimation methods and fluid characterization and lumping schemes for equation-of-state models with a high number of pseudo-components (typically 22). It has also been illustrated the validity of a minimum tuning procedure (mostly to saturation pressure, constant-mass expansion test at Tres, differential liberation experiment if available; adjusting only Tc, Pc), and the predictability of each of the applied approaches.
A quick estimate of MMP with the various methods available is critical when the experimental data are not measured. Given an uncertainty range to calculated MMP based on the data comparison, one might make a valuable contribution to the project where multi-contact miscibility needs to be modelled properly.
In the present study, the experimental slim tube MMP data were measured for reservoir fluids interacted with rich separator gases (17 cases), with pure CO2 (3 cases). The reference reservoir fluids were mostly collected from the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
A minimum tuning procedure for estimating MMP was validated throughout the present study. The fluid characterization workflow proposed in the present study is an efficient starting point to compare estimated MMPs. The results of MMP estimation methods, the ‘tie-line’ approach (in PVTsim software), slim tube simulation approach (both in PVTsim and Eclipse 300) and the ‘mixing cell’ approach, agree reasonably well within laboratory accuracy range. The uncertainty range observed in the present study would be acceptable for most field application cases.
Dynamic Well Conversion and Rate Optimisation Using Ensemble-based Method
Authors: Petvipusit Kurt R. , Chang Yuqing 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This work describes the use of ensemble-based optimisation (EnOpt) approach to maximise a pre-defined economic criterion, the Net Present Value (NPV), while considering two well parameters simultaneously, the well type and the corresponding well control rates for a given subsurface model. EnOpt has previously been used to optimise well control settings for a fixed number of producers and injectors. It relies on the ensemble of well control settings from which the sensitivities of a suitably constructed objective function are approximated. The sensitivities to the control settings are then used with a steepest descent algorithm to determine optimal well controls. Our proposed approach relies, instead, on the selection of three variables for each well: liquid production rate, injection rate, and well conversion time. Well conversion time dictates the optimal time to switch a producer to an injector, which also plays a key role in determining well type and the optimal number of injectors and producers. The superior performance of our approach is indicated by the increase in NPV, cumulative oil production and sweep efficiency within a predefined reservoir life. This work presents three case studies: only well-type optimisation, only well rate control optimisation and simultaneous well conversion and well rate optimisation. We also discuss the effect of localisation used in the EnOpt algorithm on well conversion and well control optimisation. Based on numerical results of the reservoir PUNQ-S3 model, our approach revealed potential benefits of dynamic well conversion and rate control to optimise waterflooding. Comparing the proposed approach with the traditional EnOpt workflow, using a fixed number of producers and injectors, clearly indicates improved project revenues with a comparable computational effort.
Does National Culture Influence Corporate Carbon Disclosure Propensity?
Authors: Luo Laura Le , Tang Qingliang 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This study examines the influence of culture on management's response to the challenge of climate change, as manifested in firms' voluntary participation in carbon disclosure via the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). We argue that national culture impacts managerial attitudes and philosophies about environmental protection and thus affects the willingness as well as the extent to which managers recognize the need for emissions control and disclosure. Based on a sample of 1,762 firms from 33 countries, we find that cultural dimensions of masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are strongly and consistently related to carbon disclosure propensity, regardless of whether G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and Minkov (2010) or Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) culture measures are used. Our results also show individualism and long-term orientation has significant impact under the Hofstede measure, although not under GLOBE measures, after controlling for other compounding factors. In addition, our evidence implies that national culture may moderate the effect of carbon control mechanisms, such as emissions trading schemes. Finally, the empirical evidence indicates that the impact of culture is not sensitive to national wealth and industry membership. The findings suggest culture exerts incremental influences beyond economic and regulatory incentives and therefore should be adequately considered in the combat against global warming and particularly in negotiations for an international climate agreement that is more acceptable to societies with disparate cultural backgrounds.
Stephanian Fossil Flora from Paralic Carboniferous Deposits of the Jesenice Area (Slovenia) and Its Comparison with Czech Localities
Authors: Pšenička Josef , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Opluštil Stanislav , Novak Matevž 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper provides documentation of the Late Carboniferous flora of the Southern Karavanke Mountains in Slovenia that is housed in the Gornjesavski Muzej (Upper Sava Museum) in Jesenice, Slovenia. The paleoflora from this area has not been systematically documented until today. 21 fossil-species, which probably represent 17 biological species, were identified. Common species include Sigillaria brardii Brongniart, Lepidodendron dissitum Sauver, Annularia carinata Gutbier, Calamites undulatus Sternberg, Sphenophyllum oblongifolium (Germar and Kaulfuss) Unger, Acitheca polymorpha (Brongniart) Schimper and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (Schlotheim) Barthel. Stratigraphically important are Sphenophyllum oblongifolium and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis, and based on their occurrence we can assume the studied paleoflora to be Gzhelian D (Jigulites jigulensis zone on the Russian Platform), i.e. Stephanian C