bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Practice and Coping with Disruptive Behavior: An Analysis in Light of the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition
Authors: Ødegård Magnar , Duesund Liv 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we build on The Model of Skill Acquisition (The Skill Model), presented by H. L. Dreyfus and S. E. Dreyfus (1986) in their book “Mind over Machine”. We also build and expand on Benner, P. in (From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice 2001), Duesund, L. in (Kropp, kunnskap og selvoppfatning. [Body knowledge and self-concept] 1995), Duesund, L., & Jespersen, E. in (Skill acquisition in ski instruction and the skill model’s application. Bulletin Sci Technol & Soc, 24(3):225–233, 2004), and Ødegård, M. in (A comparative stuy of disruptive behavior between schools in Norway and the United States, 2017) who apply the Skill Model to teaching practice. The model has been applied in many areas, like sports, engineering, moral judgment, nursing, medical practices, and professional development. In this article, we connect the model to narratives gathered in the research project “Teachers’ Skillful Coping with Disruptive Behavior in Norwegian and American Classrooms”. The interview data come from 40 Norwegian teachers working in lower and upper secondary schools and high schools. We apply the data anecdotally to display teachers’ development and utilization of their skills when coping with disruptions in class. Implications for teacher education and practice are discussed, particularly highlighting the movement from novice to expert.
Multiple Instance Pathology Image Diagnosis Model based on Channel Attention and Data Augmentation
Authors: Wan Tianjiang , Tian Jingmin , Wei Ping , Li Junli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe application of machine learning in the medical field has resulted in significant advancements in computer-aided pathological diagnosis. Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a promising approach for pathological image classification, particularly in scenarios where local annotations are lacking. However, current MIL models often overlook the importance of feature weights in the channel dimension and struggle with imbalanced positive and negative data. To address these limitations, an integration of a channel attention (CA) module and an augmented data (AUG) mechanism into the MIL model is proposed, resulting in improved performance. The CA module dynamically assigns weights to example features in the channel dimension, enhancing or suppressing features adaptively. Additionally, the AUG mechanism effectively balances the distribution of positive and negative data, significantly reducing false negatives. Through ablation experiments, the contributions of the CA module and AUG mechanism in enhancing the overall model performance are analyzed. Experimental validations on the CAMELYON16/17 public pathological image datasets demonstrate that the proposed model and method outperform existing approaches, with particular emphasis on reducing false negatives.
Investigation of low-latitude nighttime geomagnetic pulsation events occurred under variable IMF and solar conditions
Authors: Takla Emad M. H. , Khashaba Ahmed Amin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisturbances in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar conditions can affect the geomagnetic field measurements. In the current study, the influence of IMF and solar fluctuations on the nighttime Pc3-5 and Pi2 pulsations at low latitudes is investigated. Geomagnetic data recorded by the Egyptian geomagnetic observatories are used to examine the occurrence of nighttime pulsation events in Egypt. The corresponding daytime data from the Honolulu (HON) INTERMAGNET observatory were used for comparison between nighttime and daytime pulsation activity aiming for a better understanding of their sources. Two pulsation activities occurred on 7 and 27 February 2014 under different IMF and solar conditions were examined. Results of data analysis indicate that geomagnetic field fluctuations (Pc3-5 and Pi2 pulsations) are affected by changes in the IMF and solar conditions. The occurrence of space weather events such as geomagnetic storms and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can significantly affect the coherence and correlations between the pulsation wave-packets observed at nighttime and daytime suggesting different generation mechanisms for each pulsation event.
Distribution and Drivers of Organic Carbon Sedimentation Along the Continental Margins
Authors: Tegler Logan A. , Horner Tristan J. , Galy Valier , Bent Shavonna M. , Wang Yi , Kim Heather H. , Mete Öykü Z. , Nielsen Sune G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic carbon (OC) sedimentation in marine sediments is the largest long‐term sink of atmospheric CO2 after silicate weathering. Understanding the mechanistic and quantitative aspects of OC delivery and preservation in marine sediments is critical for predicting the role of the oceans in modulating global climate. Yet, estimates of the global OC sedimentation in marginal settings span an order of magnitude, and the primary controls of OC preservation remain highly debated. Here, we provide the first global bottom‐up estimate of OC sedimentation along the margins using a synthesis of literature data. We quantify both terrestrial‐ and marine‐sourced OC fluxes and perform a statistical analysis to discern the key factors influencing their magnitude. We find that the margins host 23.2 ± 3.5 Tmol of OC sedimentation annually, with approximately 84% of marine origin. Accordingly, we calculate that only 2%–3% of OC exported from the euphotic zone escapes remineralization before sedimentation. Surprisingly, over half of all global OC sedimentation occurs below bottom waters with oxygen concentrations greater than 180 μM, while less than 4% occurs in settings with <50 μM oxygen. This challenges the prevailing paradigm that bottom‐water oxygen (BWO) is the primary control on OC preservation. Instead, our statistical analysis reveals that water depth is the most significant predictor of OC sedimentation, surpassing all other factors investigated, including BWO levels and sea‐surface chlorophyll concentrations. This finding suggests that the primary control on OC sedimentation is not production, but the ability of OC to resist remineralization during transit through the water column and while settling on the seafloor.
Nonlinear Inversion for a Multilayer Seismic S‐Wave Attenuation Model Using Radiative Transfer Theory
Authors: van Laaten Marcel , Wegler Ulrich 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe numerically solve the acoustic radiative transfer equation for seismic S‐waves via Monte Carlo simulation. By assuming a von Kármán‐type random medium with anisotropic scattering, we are able to simulate a realistic medium and determine its attenuation properties. In this study, we present an improved method, called QEST, to determine the frequency‐dependent intrinsic and scattering attenuation by nonlinear envelope inversion for a 1‐D multilayer model. Additionally, the spectral source energy of earthquakes and the energy site amplification of stations are determined. The code was applied to real data from the northern and southern Leipzig‐Regensburg fault zone (LRZ), Germany, as well as fluid‐induced earthquakes at the Insheim geothermal reservoir, Germany. The attenuation was analyzed in several frequency bands between 4.2 and 33.9 Hz and between 6.0 and 67.9 Hz, respectively. The inversion results reveal that the crystalline crustal subsurface along the LRZ shows little to no depth dependence, but there are differences in attenuation between the north and south. At Insheim, the near‐surface sedimentary basin exhibits significantly greater absorption and scattering than the crystalline basement. The inversion also shows that isotropic scattering can be an oversimplification and thus underestimate attenuation.
Retreat of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Qiuchi , Liu Lin , Duan Yongliang , Yang Guang , Yang Yang , Luo Yulan , Zeng Ai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Bay of Bengal summer monsoon (BOBSM) is the most prominent branch of the Asian summer monsoon system, which exhibits complex interannual variability. While previous studies have focused on the onset conditions of the BOBSM, less attention has been paid to the retreat of the BOBSM. In this study, we propose an index to measure BOBSM retreat, based on the mean zonal wind field at 850 hPa during the summer‐to‐winter monsoon transitions. By analyzing the climatic characteristics and interannual variability of the BOBSM retreat using this index, we find that BOBSM retreat exhibits significant interannual variability, which is closely related to the occurrence of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. Statistically, when a positive IOD event takes place in the boreal autumn season, the retreat of the summer monsoon occurs earlier correspondingly. Conversely, the retreat is delayed when a negative IOD event occurs.
Insights Into Lunar Basaltic Volcanism From Mare Domes Superposed by Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in Mare Tranquillitatis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Head James W. , Wilson Lionel , Meng Yibo , Wӧhler Christian , Guo Dijun , Niu Shengli , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Qiao Le , Dang Yanan , Liu Yang , Zou Yongliao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMare domes (interpreted to be a type of shield volcano) represent one important endmember of a variety of volcanic edifices occurring across the volcanic plains on the Moon, whereas Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) are interpreted to reflect the thermodynamic behavior of plain‐forming mare flows during their emplacement and cooling. A comprehensive study of the direct association between mare domes and RMDSs can not only provide deep insights into their formation mechanisms but also yield key information on the nature of mantle sources. We characterized a total of 200 mare domes and more than 6,400 RMDSs within Mare Tranquillitatis using multiple sets of imagery and topography data. RMDS‐bearing domes (80 out of 200) are on average larger than those hosting no RMDSs (average diameter 10.2 vs. 5.5 km) and have lower height/diameter (H/D) ratios (0.01 vs. 0.02) and flank slopes (1.2° vs. 2°). We attribute the presence of RMDSs on some domes to be due to relatively higher effusion rates forming longer thinner flows, producing favorable conditions for the formation of RMDSs. The average diameter of the RMDSs on mare domes (226 m, n = 1,027) appears to be slightly smaller than those located in mare plains (256 m, n = 527). This may be due to slope effects and that the relatively thicker off‐dome part of flows undergoes a relatively higher degree inflation process, producing slightly larger RMDSs. We adapt the RMDS‐formation theoretical model to shallow subcrustal magma reservoir model to account for the Tranquillitatis dome‐RMDS associations.
Weakened Subtropical Westerlies and Their Deflection by the Tibetan Plateau Contribute to Drying Southeastern China in Early Spring
Authors: Zeng Zhuoyu , Yang Song , Wang Ziqian , Luo Haolin , Deng Kaiqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn obvious long‐term drying trend in recent early springs (February–March–April) is observed over southeastern China (SEC). Here, we attribute this drying to the weakened subtropical westerlies and deflected by the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Climatologically, the low‐level southwesterlies at the southeastern margin of the TP, a branch of the upstream subtropical westerly jet deflected by the TP terrain, bring water vapor to SEC and the southerlies move upward over SEC mainly through isentropic gliding mechanism, inducing persistent precipitation in early spring. However, the subtropical westerlies weakened significantly in recent decades due potentially to the decreased Eurasian snow cover. Consequently, an easterly trend appears along the southern margin of the TP with anomalous northeasterlies over SEC. These northeasterlies suppress both moisture supply and upward motions over SEC, and reduce regional early spring precipitation. Our results highlight the interaction between the TP terrain and the weakened subtropical westerlies that leads to the drying SEC.
A Two‐Stage Geodynamic Model for Post‐Collisional Potassic‐Ultrapotassic Magmatism in Southeast Tibet
Authors: Geng Xianlei , Tian Shihong , Xu Wei , Chen Lu , Lu Na , Liang Zhengwei , Hu Wenjie , Liu Jiawen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPost‐collisional potassic‐ultrapotassic rocks can provide key clues to the change of the recycled material type and/or tectonic transition in subduction‐related zones. Despite continental materials widely recognized in their sources, it remains unclear whether such continental materials were contributed by former oceanic subduction or recent continental subduction. Here we address this issue by systematically investigating previously reported and our new chemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the post‐collisional K‐rich rocks in Southeast Tibet. Kink‐like compositional variations provide solid evidence for a primary control of fractional crystallization on the evolution of these K‐rich magmas. Their primary melts are demonstrated to have been produced by partial melting of phlogopite‐bearing peridotites in subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic signatures argue against involvement of the deeply subducted Indian continent but suggest a great contribution from sediments in oceanic slabs. A thinned (∼70–100 km) and hot (∼55–70 mW/m2) lithosphere is also unraveled beneath Southeast Tibet during the potassic‐ultrapotassic magmatism. Together with geophysical data, here we suggest a two‐stage geodynamic model for post‐collisional potassic‐ultrapotassic magmatism in Southeast Tibet: (a) Before the Indian‐Asia continental collision, phlogopite/K‐richterite‐bearing SCLM sources were formed through oceanic subduction‐related metasomatism; (b) After the Indian‐Asia continental collision, asthenosphere upwelling induced by post‐collisional tectonic extension or deep subduction of the Indian continental slab caused lithospheric thinning, partial melting of pre‐existing phlogopite/K‐richterite‐rich SCLM and thus K‐rich magmatism. This study provides new insights into the role of oceanic subduction and continental collision in post‐collisional potassic‐ultrapotassic magmatism.
Activation of Dissolution‐Precipitation Creep Causes Weakening and Viscous Behavior in Experimentally Deformed Antigorite
Authors: Tulley C. J. , ten Thij L. , Niemeijer A. R. , Hamers M. F. , Fagereng Å. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntigorite occurs at seismogenic depth along plate boundary shear zones, particularly in subduction and oceanic transform settings, and has been suggested to control a low‐strength bulk rheology. To constrain dominant deformation mechanisms, we perform hydrothermal ring‐shear experiments on antigorite and antigorite‐quartz mixtures at temperatures between 20 and 500°C at 150 MPa effective normal stress. Pure antigorite is strain hardening, with frictional coefficient (μ) > 0.5, and developed cataclastic microstructures. In contrast, antigorite‐quartz mixtures (10% quartz) are strain weakening with μ decreasing with temperature from 0.36 at 200°C to 0.22 at 500°C. Antigorite‐quartz mixtures developed foliation similar to natural serpentinite shear zones. Although antigorite‐quartz reactions may form mechanically weak talc, we only find small, localized amounts of talc in our deformed samples, and room temperature friction is higher than expected for talc. Instead, we propose that the observed weakening at temperatures ≥200°C primarily results from silica dissolution leading to a lowered pore‐fluid pH that increases antigorite solubility and dissolution rate and thus the rate of dissolution‐precipitation creep. We suggest that under our experimental conditions, efficient dissolution‐precipitation creep coupled to grain boundary sliding results in a mechanically weak frictional‐viscous rheology. Antigorite with this rheology is much weaker than antigorite deforming frictionally, and strength is sensitive to effective normal stress and strain rate. The activation of dissolution‐precipitation in antigorite may allow steady or transient creep at low driving stress where antigorite solubility and dissolution rate are high relative to strain rate, for example, in faults juxtaposing serpentinite with quartz‐bearing rocks.
Concurrent and longitudinal neurostructural correlates of irritability in children
Authors: Archer Camille , Jeong Hee Jung , Reimann Gabrielle E. , Durham E. Leighton , Moore Tyler M. , Wang Shuti , Ashar Devisi A. , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIrritability, or an increased proneness to frustration and anger, is common in youth; however, few studies have examined neurostructural correlates of irritability in children. The purpose of the current study was to examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between brain structure and irritability in a large sample of 9–10-year-old children. Participants included 10,647 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmentsm Study (ABCD Study®). We related a latent irritability factor to gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in 68 cortical regions and to gray matter volume in 19 subcortical regions using structural equation modeling. Multiple comparisons were adjusted for using the false discovery rate (FDR). After controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, scanner model, parent’s highest level of education, medication use, and total intracranial volume, irritability was associated with smaller volumes in primarily temporal and parietal regions at baseline. Longitudinal analyses showed that baseline gray matter volume did not predict irritability symptoms at the 3rd-year follow-up. No significant associations were found for cortical thickness or surface area. The current study demonstrates inverse associations between irritability and volume in regions implicated in emotional processing/social cognition, attention allocation, and movement/perception. We advance prior research by demonstrating that neurostructural differences associated with irritability are already apparent by age 9–10 years, extending this work to children and supporting theories positing socioemotional deficits as a key feature of irritability.
Chrdl1-mediated BMP4 inhibition disrupts the balance between retinal neurons and Müller Glia
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Pu Zeyuan , Li Baige , Tan Gao , Xie Ting , Shen Yin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) is a secreted protein that serves as an endogenous antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the developing retina, Bmp4 has been demonstrated to be essential for sustaining the proliferation of progenitor cells and facilitating the differentiation of glial cells. Despite these efforts, the precise effects of Bmp4 inhibition on the developing retina are yet to be fully understood. We sought to address this question by overexpressing Chrdl1 in the developing retina. In this study, we explored the impact of Bmp4 inhibition on the developing mouse retina by conditionally overexpressing the Bmp4 inhibitor Chrdl1. Initially, we characterized the expression patterns of Bmp4 and Chrdl1 in the developing mouse retina from E10.5 to P12.5. Additionally, we utilized various molecular markers to demonstrate that Bmp4 inhibition disrupts both neuronal and Müller glial differentiation in the developing mouse retina. Moreover, through the application of RNA-seq analysis, distinctively expressed retinal genes under the modulation of Bmp4 signaling were discerned, encompassing the upregulation of Id1/2/3/4 and Hes1/5, as well as the downregulation of Neurod1/2/4 and Bhlhe22/23. Lastly, electroretinogram (ERG) and optomotor response (OMR) assays were conducted to illustrate that Bmp4 inhibition impairs the functional connectivity of various cells in the retina and consequently affects visual function. Collectively, this study demonstrates that inhibiting Bmp4 promotes the differentiation of retinal neurons over Müller glia by activating the expression of genes associated with neuron specification. These findings offer molecular insights into the role of Bmp4 signaling in mammalian retinal development.
Experimental warming and drying increase older carbon contributions to soil respiration in lowland tropical forests
Authors: McFarlane Karis J. , Cusack Daniela F. , Dietterich Lee H. , Hedgpeth Alexandra L. , Finstad Kari M. , Nottingham Andrew T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTropical forests account for over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems. We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing degradation of older carbon. In situ whole-profile heating by 4 °C and 50% throughfall exclusion each increased the average radiocarbon age of soil CO2 efflux by ~2–3 years, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed. Warming accelerated decomposition of older carbon as increased CO2 emissions depleted newer carbon. Drying suppressed decomposition of newer carbon inputs and decreased soil CO2 emissions, thereby increasing contributions of older carbon to CO2 efflux. These findings imply that both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon or reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon inputs, will exacerbate soil carbon losses and negatively impact carbon storage in tropical forests under climate change.
Synergistic activation by Glass and Pointed promotes neuronal identity in the Drosophila eye disc
Authors: Wang Hongsu , Bollepogu Raja Komal Kumar , Yeung Kelvin , Morrison Carolyn A. , Terrizzano Antonia , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Chen Phoenix , Jordan Ashley , Fritsch Cornelia , Sprecher Simon G. , Mardon Graeme , Treisman Jessica E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integration of extrinsic signaling with cell-intrinsic transcription factors can direct progenitor cells to differentiate into distinct cell fates. In the developing Drosophila eye, differentiation of photoreceptors R1–R7 requires EGFR signaling mediated by the transcription factor Pointed, and our single-cell RNA-Seq analysis shows that the same photoreceptors require the eye-specific transcription factor Glass. We find that ectopic expression of Glass and activation of EGFR signaling synergistically induce neuronal gene expression in the wing disc in a Pointed-dependent manner. Targeted DamID reveals that Glass and Pointed share many binding sites in the genome of developing photoreceptors. Comparison with transcriptomic data shows that Pointed and Glass induce photoreceptor differentiation through intermediate transcription factors, including the redundant homologs Scratch and Scrape, as well as directly activating neuronal effector genes. Our data reveal synergistic activation of a multi-layered transcriptional network as the mechanism by which EGFR signaling induces neuronal identity in Glass-expressing cells.
Amorphous (lysine)2PbI2 layer enhanced perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Wen Yehui , Zhang Tianchi , Wang Xingtao , Liu Tiantian , Wang Yu , Zhang Rui , Kan Miao , Wan Li , Ning Weihua , Wang Yong , Yang Deren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPassivation materials play a crucial role in a wide range of high-efficiency, high-stability photovoltaic applications based on crystalline silicon and state-of-the-art perovskite materials. Currently, for perovskite photovoltaic, the mainstream passivation strategies routinely rely on crystalline materials. Herein, we have invented a new amorphous (lysine)2PbI2 layer-enhanced halide perovskite. By utilizing a solid phase reaction between PbI2 and lysine molecule, an amorphous (lysine)2PbI2 layer is formed at surface/grain boundaries in the perovskite films. The amorphous (lysine)2PbI2 with fewer dangling bonds can effectively neutralize surface/interface defects, achieving an impressive efficiency of 26.27% (certified 25.94%). Moreover, this amorphous layer not only reduces crystal lattice stress but also functions as a barrier against the decomposition of organic components, leading to suppressed de-structuring of perovskite and highly stable perovskite solar cells.