bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary flavonoids, lignans and colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Zamora-Ros Raul , Guinó Elisabeth , Henar Alonso M. , Vidal Carmen , Barenys Mercè , Soriano Antonio , Moreno Victor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFlavonoids and lignans are polyphenol classes with anticarcinogenic activities against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very limited epidemiological evidence exists on their effects on CRC prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between flavonoid and lignan intakes with the risk of CRC recurrence and overall survival in CRC patients. The study followed incident histologically confirmed CRC cases in Barcelona (Spain). Validated dietary questionnaires and lifestyle information were collected at recruitment. An ad hoc food composition database on flavonoids and lignans was compiled by using data from the US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. Adjusted hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox models. After 8.6 years of mean follow-up, 133 of 409 (32.5%) participants died and 77 of 319 (24.1%) had a CRC recurrence. Total flavonoids were associated neither with CRC recurrence (HR comparing extreme tertiles 1.13, 95% CI 0.64–2.02; P-trend 0.67) nor with overall survival (HRT3vsT1 1.06, 95% CI 0.69–1.65; P-trend 0.78) in the multivariable models. No associations were also observed with either total lignans or any flavonoid subclass intake. In conclusion, the results of the current study do not support a role of flavonoid and lignan intake in the CRC prognosis.
Sum uncertainty relations for arbitrary N incompatible observables
Authors: Chen Bin , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe formulate uncertainty relations for arbitrary N observables. Two uncertainty inequalities are presented in terms of the sum of variances and standard deviations, respectively. The lower bounds of the corresponding sum uncertainty relations are explicitly derived. These bounds are shown to be tighter than the ones such as derived from the uncertainty inequality for two observables [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 260401 (2014)]. Detailed examples are presented to compare among our results with some existing ones.
Abnormal context–reward associations in an immune-mediated neurodevelopmental mouse model with relevance to schizophrenia
Authors: Labouesse M A , Langhans W , Meyer U 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImpairments in central reward processing constitute an important aspect of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite its clinical relevance, the etiology of deficient reward processing in schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Here, we used an epidemiologically informed mouse model of schizophrenia to explore the effects of prenatal immune activation on reward-related functions. The model is based on maternal administration of the viral mimic PolyI:C and has been developed in relation to the epidemiological evidence demonstrating enhanced risk of schizophrenia and related disorders following prenatal maternal infection. We show that prenatal immune activation induces selective deficits in the expression (but not acquisition) of conditioned place preference for a natural reward (sucrose) without changing hedonic or neophobic responses to the reward. On the other hand, prenatal immune activation led to enhanced place preference for the psychostimulant drug cocaine, while it attenuated the locomotor reaction to the drug. The prenatal exposure did not alter negative reinforcement learning as assessed using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Our findings suggest that the nature of reward-related abnormalities following prenatal immune challenge depends on the specificity of the reward (natural reward vs drug of abuse) as well as on the valence domain (positive vs negative reinforcement learning). Moreover, our data indicate that reward abnormalities emerging in prenatally immune-challenged offspring may, at least in part, stem from an inability to retrieve previously established context–reward associations and to integrate such information for appropriate goal-directed behavior.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine facilitates fear extinction learning
Authors: Young M B , Andero R , Ressler K J , Howell L L 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcutely administered 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) has been proposed to have long-term positive effects on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms when combined with psychotherapy. No preclinical data support a mechanistic basis for these claims. Given the persistent nature of psychotherapeutic gains facilitated by MDMA, we hypothesized that MDMA improves fear extinction learning, a key process in exposure-based therapies for PTSD. In these experiments, mice were first exposed to cued fear conditioning and treated with drug vehicle or MDMA before extinction training 2 days later. MDMA was administered systemically and also directly targeted to brain structures known to contribute to extinction. In addition to behavioral measures of extinction, changes in mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and Fos were measured after MDMA treatment and extinction. MDMA (7.8 mg kg−1) persistently and robustly enhanced long-term extinction when administered before extinction training. MDMA increased the expression of Fos in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas increases in Bdnf expression were observed only in the amygdala after extinction training. Extinction enhancements were recapitulated when MDMA (1 μg) was infused directly into the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), and enhancement was abolished when BDNF signaling was inhibited before extinction. These findings suggest that MDMA enhances fear memory extinction through a BDNF-dependent mechanism, and that MDMA may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for PTSD and other anxiety disorders characterized by altered fear learning.
Effect of a low-protein diet supplemented with keto-acids on autophagy and inflammation in 5/6 nephrectomized rats
Authors: Zhang Yue-yue , Huang Juan , Yang Man , Gu Li-jie , Ji Jia-yao , Wang Li-jun , Yuan Wei-jie 
Published: September 2015

Ketoacids (KA) are known to preserve muscle mass among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on a low-protein diet (LPD). The present study was to compare the effects of KA supplemented diet therapy in autophagy and inflammation in CKD rats' skeletal muscle. Rats with 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly divided into three groups and fed with either 11 g/kg/day protein [normal-protein diet (NPD)], 3 g/kg/day protein (LPD) or 3 g/kg/day protein which including 5% protein plus 1% KA (LPD + KA) for 24 weeks. Sham-operated rats with NPD intake were used as control. LPD could improve body weight, gastrocnemius muscle mass, as well as gastrocnemius muscle cross-sectional area, with the effect being more obvious in the LPD + KA group. The autophagy marker LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), p62, Parkin and PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) were significantly attenuate in LPD + KA group than LPD group. LPD + KA group had the lower total mtDNA (mitochondiral DNA) and cytosol mtDNA, NACHT-PYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome than LPD group, but its reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) level was higher. Immunoblotting showed IL-1β (interleukin-1-beta) was lower in LPD and LPD + KA group than the NPD group, but IL-18 showed no significant difference among control and CKD group; toll-like receptor signalling-dependent IL-6 was higher in LPD + KA group than LPD group, but tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was not significantly changed between LPD + KA and LPD group. Systematic changes of the four cytokines were different from that of the tissue. Although LPD + KA could further ameliorate-activated autophagy than LPD, its effect on the activated inflammation state in CKD was not distinctly. Further study is still required to explore the method of ameliorating inflammation to provide new therapeutic approaches for CKD protein energy wasting (PEW).
Integrated chip of capacitive three‐axis accelerometer and sensing circuit
Authors: Lan Jian‐Cheng , Hsueh Ya‐Hsin , Hung Chung 
Published: September 2015

A CMOS‐microelectromechanical system 0.18 µm process of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company is used to design an integrated chip of a capacitive three‐axis accelerometer and a sensing circuit. The sensing architecture uses capacitive sensing principles, and the three axes are integrated on the same structure and share the same mass. The three‐axis design method can not only reduce the chip area but also has good sensing ability. The readout circuit architecture combines two capacitor voltage converters and a subtraction amplifier, which can change the sensing signal into voltage amplitude values. As a result, the total chip area is 1.6 × 2.0 mm2, and the sensing range is from 1 to 4 G. The simulated sensitivities of X, Y, and Z are 34.8, 20.0, and 13.7 mV/G, respectively.
Competitive dynamics between criminals and law enforcement explains the super-linear scaling of crime in cities
Authors: Banerjee Soumya , Van Hentenryck Pascal , Cebrian Manuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhile cities have been the engine for innovation and growth for many millennia, they have also endured disproportionately more crime than smaller cities. Similarly to other urban sociological quantities, such as income, gross domestic product (GDP) and number of granted patents, it has been observed that crime scales super-linearly with city size. The default assumption is that super-linear scaling of crime, like other urban attributes, derives from agglomerative effects (that is, increasing returns from potentially more productive connections among criminals). However, crime initiation appears to be generated linearly with the population of a city, and the number of law enforcement officials scales sublinearly with city population. We hypothesize that the observed scaling exponent for net crime in a city is the result of competing dynamics between criminals and law enforcement, each with different scaling exponents, and where criminals win in the numbers game. We propose a simple dynamical model able to accommodate these empirical observations, as well as the potential multiple scaling regimes emerging from the competitive dynamics between crime and law enforcement. Our model is also general enough to be able to correctly account for crime in universities, where university crime does not scale super-linearly, but linearly with enrolment size.
Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals
Authors: Grollemund Rebecca , Branford Simon , Bostoen Koen , Meade Andrew , Venditti Chris , Pagel Mark 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceHumans are uniquely capable of using cultural innovations to occupy a range of environments, raising the intriguing question of whether historical human migrations have followed familiar habitats or moved relatively independently of them. Beginning ∼5,000 y ago, savannah-dwelling populations of Bantu-speaking peoples swept out of West Central Africa, eventually occupying a vast geographical area. We show that this expansion avoided unfamiliar rainforest habitats by following savannah corridors that emerged from the Congo rainforest, probably from climate change. When Bantu speakers did move into the rainforest, migration rates were delayed by on average 300 y compared with similar movements on the savannah. Despite unmatched abilities to produce innovations culturally, unfamiliar habitats significantly alter the route and pace of human dispersals.
Bats initiate vital agroecological interactions in corn
Authors: Maine Josiah J. , Boyles Justin G. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Bats are thought to provide valuable services to agriculture by suppressing crop pests, but their ecological role in agricultural systems remains unclear. We implemented a unique field experiment to assess the ecological and economic effect of bats in corn agriculture and found that bats initiated strong and surprising ecological interactions in corn fields. Bats not only suppressed crop pest numbers and crop damage but also indirectly suppressed the presence of pest-associated fungus and a toxic compound produced by the fungus. As nocturnal flying insectivores, bats occupy unique ecological roles and provide valuable services to society, and it is therefore essential that we conserve this often-maligned group.
Genetic variation in CD38 and breastfeeding experience interact to impact infants’ attention to social eye cues
Authors: Krol Kathleen M. , Monakhov Mikhail , Lai Poh San , Ebstein Richard P. , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Maternal care plays an important role in the development of the offspring’s social behaviors through the programming of relevant neural and hormonal systems. However, it is unclear how specific maternal behaviors, such as breastfeeding and genetic variation related to the oxytocin system, contribute to emerging social behaviors in human infants. We therefore examined infants’ attention to emotional eyes. Our results revealed that infants with the genotype previously associated with decreased availability of oxytocin and an increased rate of autism were most affected by extended durations of exclusive breastfeeding. Namely, these infants showed increased attention to happy eyes and decreased attention to angry eyes. This finding suggests that breastfeeding experience enhances prosocial tendencies in infants that are genetically at risk for autism.
Synthetic dosage lethality in the human metabolic network is highly predictive of tumor growth and cancer patient survival
Authors: Megchelenbrink Wout , Katzir Rotem , Lu Xiaowen , Ruppin Eytan , Notebaart Richard A. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) denotes a genetic interaction whereby an underexpression of gene A combined with an overexpression of gene B kills the cell. Although many overexpressed oncogenes driving tumor growth are difficult to target directly, targeting their SDL partners may kill cancer cells. We present what is, to our knowledge, the first network-level modeling approach that is able to predict metabolic SDLs. As expected, we find that the predicted SDLs are less frequently active in tumors to avoid lethality. Cancer tumors with more and stronger SDLs have smaller tumor size and lead to increased patient survival. Beyond facilitating the development of novel anticancer therapies, model-based identification of metabolic SDLs can be used to model pathogenic bacteria and provide leads to new antibiotic targets.
On regreening and degradation in Sahelian watersheds
Authors: Kaptué Armel T. , Prihodko Lara , Hanan Niall P. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
For decades, the science and policy narrative relating to the West African Sahel has focused on perceptions of overgrazing and human-induced desertification. More recent reports of regional-scale recovery (“regreening”) following the severe droughts of the 1970s and 1980s are sometimes ignored. This study provides a satellite-based evaluation of changes in watershed-scale vegetation conditions in four regions of the Sahel from 1983–2012. Though the results support earlier reports of a “greening” trend, our approach identified strong regional differences in the extent and direction of change, and in the apparent role of woody and herbaceous components in driving the temporal trend.
Ankle and knee kinetics between strike patterns at common training speeds in competitive male runners
Authors: Kuhman Daniel , Melcher Daniel , Paquette Max R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of foot strike and common speeds on sagittal plane ankle and knee joint kinetics in competitive rear foot strike (RFS) runners when running with a RFS pattern and an imposed forefoot strike (FFS) pattern. Sixteen competitive habitual male RFS runners ran at two different speeds (i.e. 8 and 6 min mile−1) using their habitual RFS and an imposed FFS pattern. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess a potential interaction between strike pattern and speed for selected ground reaction force (GRF) variables and, sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematic and kinetic variables. No foot strike and speed interaction was observed for any of the kinetic variables. Habitual RFS yielded a greater loading rate of the vertical GRF, peak ankle dorsiflexor moment, peak knee extensor moment, peak knee eccentric extensor power, peak dorsiflexion and sagittal plane knee range of motion compared to imposed FFS. Imposed FFS yielded greater maximum vertical GRF, peak ankle plantarflexor moment, peak ankle eccentric plantarflexor power and sagittal plane ankle ROM compared to habitual RFS. Consistent with previous literature, imposed FFS in habitual RFS reduces eccentric knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor involvement but produce greater eccentric ankle plantarflexor action compared to RFS. These acute differences between strike patterns were independent of running speeds equivalent to typical easy and hard training runs in competitive male runners. Current findings along with previous literature suggest differences in lower extremity kinetics between habitual RFS and imposed FFS running are consistent among a variety of runner populations.
Differentiation and function of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, from embryo to adult
Authors: van de Pavert Serge A. , Vivier Eric 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) represent a heterogeneous population of cells that share the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt) as a master regulator for differentiation and function. ILC3 can be divided into two major subsets based on the cell surface expression of the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR), NKp46. A subset of NCR − ILC3 includes the previously known lymphoid-tissue inducer cells that are essential for the embryonic formation of peripheral lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches. After birth, the NCR − and NCR + ILC3 contribute to the maintenance of health but also to inflammation in mucosal tissues. This review will describe the differentiation pathways of ILC3, their involvement in the development of the adaptive immune system and their role in the establishment and maintenance of gut immunity.
Morphine Preconditioning Downregulates MicroRNA-134 Expression Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Injuries in Cultured Neurons of Mice
Authors: Meng Fanjun , Li Yan , Chi Wenying , Li Junfa 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Brain protection by narcotics such as morphine is clinically relevant due to the extensive use of narcotics in the perioperative period. Morphine preconditioning induces neuroprotection in neurons, but it remains uncertain whether microRNA-134 (miR-134) is involved in morphine preconditioning against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injuries in primary cortical neurons of mice. The present study examined this issue.

Materials and Methods:
After cortical neurons of mice were cultured in vitro for 6 days, the neurons were transfected by respective virus vector, such as lentiviral vector (LV)-miR-control-GFP, LV-pre-miR-134-GFP, LV-pre-miR-134-inhibitor-GFP for 24 hours; after being normally cultured for 3 days again, morphine preconditioning was performed by incubating the transfected primary neurons with morphine (3 μM) for 1 hour, and then neuronal cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 hour and oxygen-glucose recovery for 12 hours. The neuronal cells survival rate and the amount of apoptotic neurons were determined by MTT assay or TUNEL staining at designated time; and the expression levels of miR-134 were detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the same time.

Results:
The neuronal cell survival rate was significantly higher, and the amount of apoptotic neurons was significantly decreased in neurons preconditioned with morphine before OGD than that of OGD alone. The neuroprotection induced by morphine preconditioning was partially blocked by upregulating miR-134 expression, and was enhanced by downregulating miR-134 expression. The expression of miR-134 was significantly decreased in morphine-preconditioned neurons alone without transfection.

Conclusions:
By downregulating miR-134 expression, morphine preconditioning protects primary cortical neurons of mice against injuries induced by OGD.
Anterior Chamber Angle and Anterior Chamber Volume in a 40- to 64-Year-Old Population
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Mohazzab-Torabi Saman , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Shariati Mohammad , Dadbin Nooshin , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:
To determine the distribution of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) in an Iranian population of 40- to 64-year-old people using the Pentacam.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, multistage sampling was used to select 300 clusters, including 6,311 individuals from the city of Shahroud. All selected participants underwent examinations in one place. Optometric examinations, including measurement of visual acuity and refraction, and ophthalmologic examinations, including slit–lamp examination, were performed for all participants. Moreover, all patients underwent imaging with the Pentacam.

Results:
The mean ACA and ACV was 34.3° (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.1°–34.5°) and 139 μL (95% CI: 137.7–140.3), respectively. In a multiple linear regression model, the ACA was inversely correlated with age (coefficient=−0.08), lens thickness (coefficient=−1.38), corneal diameter (coefficient=−0.36), and corneal curvature (coefficient=−1.43), and directly correlated with the anterior chamber depth (ACD) (coefficient=6.59). In another model, ACV was inversely correlated with age (coefficient=−0.37), central corneal thickness (coefficient=−0.04), and spherical equivalent (coefficient=−1.15), and directly correlated with the ACD (coefficient=85.67), lens thickness (coefficient=14.15), corneal diameter (coefficient=4.80), corneal curvature (coefficient=18.43), ACA (coefficient=0.65), and intraocular pressure (coefficient=0.23).

Conclusion:
The findings of this study could be used as a reference for diagnosis and treatment in Iran and the Middle East region. Increase in age and decrease in the ACD were important factors associated with decreased ACA and ACV, although the correlation of other biometric components was also evaluated. Some of these components, such as the corneal curvature and lens thickness, had a significant relationship with these two variables.