bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Canadian‐Trained PhDs Disadvantaged in the Academic Labor Market?
Authors: Wilkinson Lori , Bramadat Janine , Dolynchuk Rachel , St. Aubin Zoë T. 
Published: August 2013

Beaucoup d’étudiants s'inquiéent de leurs perspectives d'emploi à la fin de leurs éudes. Un de leurs soucis principaux provient de l'idée répandue chez les Canadiens qu'une formation doctorale outre‐mer augmente leurs chances de trouver une position à leur retour au pays. Ils s'appuient sur la conviction que beaucoup de facultés de sociologie préfèrent engager des diplômés de programmes de pays étrangers. Or, l'information accessible concernant le nombre et l'origine des titres de professeurs en sociologie récemment embauchés au Canada, et compte tenu d'une attention particulière portée à cet écart, montre que les facultés canadiennes ont tendance à recruter plus de personnel ayant obtenu un doctorat au Canada qu’à l’étranger, bien qu'il y ait quelques exceptions.Many PhD students are anxious about their job prospects upon graduation. One of the major themes involves a perception that Canadians going abroad for doctoral training are privileged in their job search when they return to Canada to look for academic work. The belief is that many sociology departments prefer to hire graduates of programs outside the country. An examination of available information regarding the number and origin of degrees for recently hired sociology professors in Canada can help address this gap and finds that Canadian departments tend to hire Canadian‐trained PhDs more than not, but there are some exceptions.
Unseen Powers and Democratic Detectives: Street Vendors in an Indonesian City
Authors: GIBBINGS SHERI 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article documents how the democratic detective is related to important changes in the meaning and clustering of both keywords and social types since the democratic transition in Indonesia in 1998. The article describes how during a government‐organized street vendor relocation, Arif, a young street vendor, as a democratic detective, positions himself in relation to the rakyat (the people), which is viewed as the most authentic body to bring forth social and political change in Indonesia; and to the oknum, an individual who abuses his position of power for personal benefit. In this paper, I show how the democratic detective is developing new techniques for achieving transparency based on a shared pattern of latent communication in newspapers and is involved in producing a narrative reminiscent of a detective story. [Indonesia, Yogyakarta City, transparency, detectives, street vendors, urban figures].
A Detective Story Writer: Exploring Stockholm as It Once Was
Authors: HANNERZ ULF 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThere has been a change in the typical setting of detective fiction, from small, closed, tranquil communities to urban contexts of greater opacity and diversity. Its hero/heroine is thus now a recurrent figure in a global genre of urban fiction; and the actual detective story writer is a connoisseur of life in the big city. In this article I point to a certain affinity between detective stories and urban ethnography, and proceed to suggest some contrasts between Swedish writers who have recently achieved international fame and a writer of an earlier generation whom I knew personally. This is a way of demonstrating changes in the urban scene of Stockholm, and transformations in Swedish national society.
Phenotypic description of multiple congenital ocular anomalies in Comtois horses
Authors: Depecker M. , Ségard E. , Cadoré J‐L. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMultiple congenital ocular anomalies (MCOA) and their relation to coat colour genotype have not yet been described in Comtois horses, unlike in Rocky Mountain Horses. The objectives of the study were to describe prevalence, nature and severity of congenital ocular anomalies relating to the PMEL17 (Silver) mutation in Comtois horses. Seventy‐four purebred Comtois and one half‐cross Comtois horses, aged 10 days to 18 years, were examined by transillumination, direct ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography. Hair samples were collected from 34 horses for coat colour genotyping. Sixty‐six horses (88%) revealed cysts (65 horses) or abnormal thickness (one horse) of the ciliary bodies, most of them only diagnosed by ultrasonography. Cysts were localised in the nasal part of the eye in 8 horses. All these horses presented the silver phenotype with mane and tail being white or flaxen, or were chestnut with genetic testing confirming PMEL17 mutation. Of these, 39 (58%) showed MCOA‐syndrome with iridal hypoplasia (100%), cataract (85%), cornea globosa (56%) and lens luxation (8%). Only 8 bay mature horses (11%) were classified as being disease‐free. Genetic testing confirmed that cyst‐phenotype horses were heterozygous carriers for the Silver mutation, MCOA‐phenotype horses were homozygous carriers, and bay horses were noncarriers. Bay homozygous carriers had significantly lighter coat colour than heterozygous carriers. One foal with heterozygous mutation had normal eyes. Thus, MCOA‐syndrome related to PMEL17 mutation is overrepresented in Comtois horses, and should be taken into consideration for breeding purposes. Ultrasonography permitted detection of cysts in all Silver carriers apart from one, some of them being localised in the nasal part of the eye.
Human action recognition with sparse classification and multiple‐view learning
Authors: Cilla Rodrigo , Patricio Miguel A. , Berlanga Antonio , Molina José M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEmploying multiple camera viewpoints in the recognition of human actions increases performance. This paper presents a feature fusion approach to efficiently combine 2D observations extracted from different camera viewpoints. Multiple‐view dimensionality reduction is employed to learn a common parameterization of 2D action descriptors computed for each one of the available viewpoints. Canonical correlation analysis and their variants are employed to obtain such parameterizations. A sparse sequence classifier based on L1 regularization is proposed to avoid the problem of having to choose the proper number of dimensions of the common parameterization. The proposed system is employed in the classification of the Inria Xmas Motion Acquisition Sequences (IXMAS) data set with successful results.
DenGraph‐HO: a density‐based hierarchical graph clustering algorithm
Authors: Schlitter Nico , Falkowski Tanja , Lässig Jörg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDenGraph‐HO is an extension of the density‐based graph clustering algorithm DenGraph. It is able to detect dense groups of nodes in a given graph and produces a hierarchy of clusters, which can be efficiently computed. The generated hierarchy can be used to investigate the structure and the characteristics of social networks. Each hierarchy level provides a different level of detail and can be used as the basis for interactive visual social network analysis. After a short introduction of the original DenGraph algorithm, we present DenGraph‐HO and its top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. We describe the data structures and memory requirements and analyse the run‐time complexity. Finally, we apply the DenGraph‐HO algorithm to the real‐world datasets obtained from the online music platform Last.fm and from the former US company Enron.
A Taxonomy of Male British Family Annihilators, 1980–2012
Authors: Yardley Elizabeth , Wilson David , Lynes Adam 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis exploratory article presents an overview of British, male family annihilators from 1980 to 2012. In doing so it provides a range of criminological information relevant to the incidents being described, and offers a taxonomy of four different types of annihilators that moves discussion beyond ‘revenge/altruistic’ categories.
Microvessel area of immature vessels is a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sato Mototaka , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakata Wataru , Yoshida Takahiro , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Fujita Kazutoshi , Uemura Motohide , Takayama Hitoshi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo analyze the presence of immature vessels as a predictive factor of prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma.MethodsTissue samples were obtained from 50 renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and the blood vessels were stained using antibodies to cluster of differentiation 34 and α‐smooth muscle actin. Immature vessels were defined as those positive for cluster of differentiation 34, and mature vessels as those positive for both cluster of differentiation 34 and α‐smooth muscle actin. The extent of vascularization was quantified by calculating the microvessel area and microvessel density.ResultsThe microvessel area of immature vessels was positively associated with tumor grade (P < 0.0001), T stage (P < 0.0001) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P < 0.0001), and was significantly higher in tumors with metastasis than in those without metastasis (P < 0.0001). The microvessel density did not associate with tumor grade or T stage. The disease‐free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with high microvessel area.ConclusionsThe microvessel area of immature vessels seems to be associated with renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness, suggesting this might be considered as a novel prognostic factor in patients with these tumors.
Building clinical practice in the Palestine Red Crescent operation theatres in Lebanon: reflections from the perspective of an expatriate nurse
Authors: Tjoflåt I. , Karlsen B. 
Published: August 2013

AimThis paper, based on the experience of the first author as an expatriate nurse, aims to describe and discuss some aspects of collaboration that contributed to the building of clinical practice when implementing an operating theatre programme in the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) hospitals in Lebanon.BackgroundThe operation theatre programme lasted for 8 months: 6 months in 2008 and 2 months in 2009. The programme was part of the partnership project ‘Quality of care in the five PRCS hospitals in Lebanon’ between the International Committee of the Red Cross and the PRCS Lebanon (PRCS‐L) branch.FindingsThe essential aspects that may have contributed to the building of clinical practice in the operation theatre programme included the expatriate nurse and the Palestine Red Crescent operating theatre nurses working together over time as colleagues, the socio‐cultural pedagogic perspective selected for the implementation and the collaboration with the management of the hospitals and counterparts in the PRCS‐L branch. One should also note the human and structural issues that seemed to influence the implementation of the programme in a more negative way.ConclusionsThis experience may provide insight for other nurses into the importance of working as colleagues, selecting an appropriate pedagogic perspective and establishing productive collaboration with all partners when building clinical practice during a humanitarian mission.
An analysis of parameter adaptation in reactive tabu search
Authors: Mascia Franco , Pellegrini Paola , Birattari Mauro , Stützle Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOn‐line parameter adaptation schemes are widely used in metaheuristics. They are sometimes preferred to off‐line tuning techniques for two main reasons. First, they promise to achieve good performance even on new instance families that have not been considered during the design or the tuning phase of the algorithm. Second, it is assumed that an on‐line scheme could adapt the algorithm's behaviour to local characteristics of the search space. This paper challenges the second hypothesis by analysing the contribution of the parameter adaptation to the performance of a state‐of‐the‐art reactive tabu search () algorithm for the maximum clique problem. Our experimental analysis shows that this on‐line parameter adaptation scheme converges to good instance‐specific settings for the parameters, and that there is no evidence that it adapts to the local characteristics of the search space. The insights gained from the analysis are confirmed by further experiments with an algorithm for the quadratic assignment problem. Together, the results of the two algorithms shed some new light on the reasons behind the effectiveness of .
Hydrogen sulphide suppresses human atrial fibroblast proliferation and transformation to myofibroblasts
Authors: Sheng Jingwei , Shim Winston , Wei Heming , Lim Sze Yun , Liew Reginald , Lim Tien Siang , Ong Boon Hean , Chua Yeow Leng , Wong Philip 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCardiac fibroblasts are crucial in pathophysiology of the myocardium whereby their aberrant proliferation has significant impact on cardiac function. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gaseous modulator of potassium channels on cardiomyocytes and has been reported to attenuate cardiac fibrosis. Yet, the mechanism of H2S in modulating proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that H2S inhibits proliferative response of atrial fibroblasts through modulation of potassium channels. Biophysical property of potassium channels in human atrial fibroblasts was examined by whole‐cell patch clamp technique and their cellular proliferation in response to H2S was assessed by BrdU assay. Large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ current (BKCa), transient outward K+ current (Ito) and inwardly rectifying K+ current (IKir) were found in human atrial fibroblasts. Current density of BKCa (IC50 = 69.4 μM; n = 6), Ito (IC50 = 55.1 μM; n = 6) and IKir (IC50 = 78.9 μM; n = 6) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by acute exposure to NaHS (a H2S donor) in atrial fibroblasts. Furthermore, NaHS (100–500 μM) inhibited fibroblast proliferation induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1; 1 ng/ml), Ang II (100 nM) or 20% FBS. Pre‐conditioning of fibroblasts with NaHS decreased basal expression of Kv4.3 (encode Ito), but not KCa1.1 (encode BKCa) and Kir2.1 (encode IKir). Furthermore, H2S significantly attenuated TGF‐β1–stimulated Kv4.3 and α‐smooth muscle actin expression, which coincided with its inhibition of TGF‐β–induced myofibroblast transformation. Our results show that H2S attenuates atrial fibroblast proliferation via suppression of K+ channel activity and moderates their differentiation towards myofibroblasts.
Transcriptomic analysis of inbreeding depression in cold‐sensitive Drosophila melanogaster shows upregulation of the immune response
Authors: Vermeulen C. J. , Sørensen P. , Kirilova Gagalova K. , Loeschcke V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn sexually reproducing species, increased homozygosity often causes a decline in fitness, called inbreeding depression. Recently, researchers started describing the functional genomic changes that occur during inbreeding, both in benign conditions and under environmental stress. To further this aim, we have performed a genome‐wide gene expression study of inbreeding depression, manifesting as cold sensitivity and conditional lethality. Our focus was to describe general patterns of gene expression during inbreeding depression and to identify specific processes affected in our line. There was a clear difference in gene expression between the stressful restrictive environment and the benign permissive environment in both the affected inbred line and the inbred control line. We noted a strong inbreeding‐by‐environment interaction, whereby virtually all transcriptional differences between lines were found in the restrictive environment. Functional annotation showed enrichment of transcripts coding for serine proteases and their inhibitors (serpins and BPTI/Kunitz family), which indicates activation of the innate immune response. These genes have previously been shown to respond transcriptionally to cold stress, suggesting the conditional lethal effect is associated with an exaggerated cold stress response. The set of differentially expressed genes significantly overlapped with those found in three other studies of inbreeding depression, demonstrating that it is possible to detect a common signature across different genetic backgrounds.
Phylogenetic signal, feeding behaviour and brain volume inNeotropical bats
Authors: Rojas D. , Mancina C. A. , Flores‐Martínez J. J. , Navarro L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractComparative correlational studies of brain size and ecological traits (e.g. feeding habits and habitat complexity) have increased our knowledge about the selective pressures on brain evolution. Studies conducted in bats as a model system assume that shared evolutionary history has a maximum effect on the traits. However, this effect has not been quantified. In addition, the effect of levels of diet specialization on brain size remains unclear. We examined the role of diet on the evolution of brain size in Mormoopidae and Phyllostomidae using two comparative methods. Body mass explained 89% of the variance in brain volume. The effect of feeding behaviour (either characterized as feeding habits, as levels of specialization on a type of item or as handling behaviour) on brain volume was also significant albeit not consistent after controlling for body mass and the strength of the phylogenetic signal (λ). Although the strength of the phylogenetic signal of brain volume and body mass was high when tested individually, λ values in phylogenetic generalized least squares models were significantly different from 1. This suggests that phylogenetic independent contrasts models are not always the best approach for the study of ecological correlates of brain size in New World bats.
Ecological and genetic factors influencing the transition between host‐use strategies in sympatric Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Merrill R. M. , Naisbit R. E. , Mallet J. , Jiggins C. D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractShifts in host‐plant use by phytophagous insects have played a central role in their diversification. Evolving host‐use strategies will reflect a trade‐off between selection pressures. The ecological niche of herbivorous insects is partitioned along several dimensions, and if populations remain in contact, recombination will break down associations between relevant loci. As such, genetic architecture can profoundly affect the coordinated divergence of traits and subsequently the ability to exploit novel habitats. The closely related species Heliconius cydno and H. melpomene differ in mimetic colour pattern, habitat and host‐plant use. We investigate the selection pressures and genetic basis underlying host‐use differences in these two species. Host‐plant surveys reveal that H. melpomene specializes on a single species of Passiflora. This is also true for the majority of other Heliconius species in secondary growth forest at our study site, as expected under a model of interspecific competition. In contrast, H. cydno, which uses closed‐forest habitats where both Heliconius and Passiflora are less common, appears not to be restricted by competition and uses a broad selection of the available Passiflora. However, other selection pressures are likely involved, and field experiments reveal that early larval survival of both butterfly species is highest on Passiflora menispermifolia, but most markedly so for H. melpomene, the specialist on that host. Finally, we demonstrate an association between host‐plant acceptance and colour pattern amongst interspecific hybrids, suggesting that major loci underlying these important ecological traits are physically linked in the genome. Together, our results reveal ecological and genetic associations between shifts in habitat, host use and mimetic colour pattern that have likely facilitated both speciation and coexistence.
Dental anomalies associated with buccally‐ and palatally‐impacted maxillary canines
Authors: Sajnani Anand K. , King Nigel M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the association of both buccally‐ and palatally‐impacted canines with other dental anomalies.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on a population of 533 southern Chinese children and adolescents who had impacted maxillary canines that had been treated in the Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Descriptions of the impacted canine and other associated anomalies were obtained from the case notes and radiographs. Clinical photographs and study casts were used, where available.ResultsA total of 253 (47.5%) patients with impacted maxillary canines were diagnosed with other dental anomalies. Microdontia was the most frequently‐occurring anomaly reported in these patients, with the maxillary lateral incisor the most commonly affected tooth. Other odontogenic anomalies that were associated with both buccally‐ and palatally‐impacted canines included hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, transposition of other teeth, enamel hypoplasia, other impacted teeth, and dens invaginatus.ConclusionBoth buccally‐ and palatally‐impacted canines were found to be associated with other odontogenic anomalies.
Influence of flowable composite and restorative technique on microleakage of class II restorations
Authors: Hernandes Natália M.A.P. , Catelan Anderson , Soares Giulliana P. , Ambrosano Gláucia M.B. , Lima Débora A.N.L. , Marchi Giselle M. , Martins Luís R.M. , Aguiar Flávio H.B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage in class II cavities restored with dental composite by varying the thickness of two flowable composite resins and the restorative technique.MethodsA total of 130 cavities were prepared on proximal surfaces of bovine teeth and randomly divided in 13 groups. Twelve experimental groups were performed using flowable composite resin as the liner, and they were divided according to the type of flowable composite resin (Filtek Z350 Flow–Z350F and SureFil SDR Flow–SUR), the thickness of the flowable composite (0.5, 1, or 2 mm), and the restorative technique (flowable composite applied at the cavosurface angle or amelodentinal junction) (n = 10). A control group was performed without using a flowable composite. Following restorative procedures and thermocycling, the samples were immersed in Methylene Blue for 2 h, and prepared for analysis in an absorbance spectrophotometer. All results were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the flowable composites (P > 0.05). The restorative techniques influenced microleakage and were flowable composite dependent (P ≤ 0.05). The lower thickness of the flowable composite provided less microleakage (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThe use a lower thickness of a flowable composite resin provided less microleakage, suggesting a better sealing tooth–restoration interface.
Effect of polymerization mode and time of adhesive system on microleakage in composite resin restorations
Authors: Soares Giulliana P. , Silva Gustavo G. , Ambrosano Glaucia M. B. , Lima Debora A. N. L. , Marchi Giselle M. , Lovadino José R. , Aguiar Flávio H. B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimTo quantify the microleakage on restorations carried out with a two‐step etch‐and‐rise adhesive system and nanofilled composite resin after thermal and mechanical loading cycling.MethodsNinety cavities were prepared on proximal surfaces of incisive teeth, and were randomly divided according to the photoactivation time (10, 20, or 30 s) and light‐curing mode (Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) lamps, 450 mW/cm2; Light Emitting Diode (LED) second generation, 1100 mW/cm2; or LED third generation, 700 mW/cm2) of an adhesive system (n = 10). Following restorative procedures and thermal and mechanical loading cycling, the samples were immersed in Methylene Blue for 2 h. The samples were ground, and the powder was prepared for analysis in an absorbance spectrophotometer. All results were statistically analyzed by anova and Tukey's test at the 5% level of significance.ResultsThere were no significant statistical difference in microleakage between the light‐curing mode (P = 0.1212) and light‐curing time (P = 0.2043).ConclusionDifferent curing modes and increasing the curing time were not factors that influenced the process of microleakage.