bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revaluating serum ferritin as a marker of body iron stores in the traceability era
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Mozzi Roberta , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Serum ferritin is used for diagnosing iron-related disorders. However, most studies validating this application were performed before the introduction of the 2nd and 3rd WHO International Standards (ISs) to harmonize assay results. We revised the available literature to evaluate if consolidated clinical applications of ferritin and recommended cut-offs have been validated using ISs calibrated assays. All Medline retrieved reviews and individual studies performed since ISs availability were selected and analyzed according to predefined criteria. Concerning ferritin and iron deficiency (ID), only one review, including studies published before 1988, met established criteria. Results showed that ferritin can effectively rule out ID anemia in patients with or without inflammatory disease at cut-offs of 70 and 40 μg/L, respectively. From two studies using ISs calibrated assays that met inclusion criteria, no information emerged on which cut-off should be employed to obtain similar sensitivity. Regarding iron overload, even when the framework was restricted to hereditary hemochromatosis, no synthesis of scientific evidence, if any, about diagnostic accuracy of ferritin was available both before and after ISs introduction. Available evidence of the ferritin diagnostic effectiveness is limited to ID conditions. Recommended cut-offs for this application are, however, based on studies published from 1970 to the 1980s using non-harmonized assays.
A corpus-based look at short turns in university classroom interaction
Authors: Csomay, Eniko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore the lexical content of short turns in university classroom discourse. Corpus-based techniques were applied to identify a large number of turns to analyze their lexical content in over two hundred university class sessions. The findings show that, although students take sixty per cent of the turns in our university classrooms, they use only twenty per cent of the total number of words. Consequently, students would produce short turns most of the times while teachers would engage in longer stretches of talk. The results also indicate that short turns generally mark intensive interactional sequences. More specifically, a closer look at the lexical items in these short turns and the functions they serve clearly show that while teachers offer support, elicit further elaboration or prompt reformulation, students mostly indicate agreement, understanding and involvement with these short turns. Considering the turn as a unit of analysis and its characteristic features such as turn-length and lexical variation, the findings of the lexical analysis of short turns suggest that participant roles can be well-defined in the classroom context.
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and limb ischemia: a case report
Authors: Hollander Richard Alexander , Puylaert Dirk , Fabry Kristof , Debeer Anne , Lewi Liesbeth , Van de Broek Hilde 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. This condition is associated with high mortality if untreated. Treatment consists of either serial reduction of amniotic fluid or selective laser photocoagulation (SLP). In utero limb ischemia is a known complication of TTTS. An interaction between this condition and SLP has never been established. Here, we describe the first of twins born at 34 weeks’ gestational age, delivered by emergency cesarean section for fetal distress after a pregnancy complicated by severe TTTS. The first twin, the recipient in the TTTS, showed a necrotic right limb, which was amputated above the knee joint on the 23rd day of life. Anatomic-pathological investigation revealed vascular thrombosis. The foot-length was compatible with a gestational age of 16–18 weeks, the time of limb ischemia, which is well before 26 weeks, when SLP was performed. Therefore, we refute that the fetal limb ischemia was a complication of SLP.
Hyperreactio luteinalis in a spontaneously conceived pregnancy associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome and high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin
Authors: Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Ziller Volker , Hadji Peyman , Wagner Uwe , Schmidt Stephan , Arabin Birgit 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Aim: To report a case of hyperreactio luteinalis in a spontaneously conceived pregnancy.

Patient: A 29-year-old primigravida presenting with painful multicystic ovarian lesions.

Methods: Laparotomy and reconstruction of the ovaries.

Main outcome measures: Successful pregnancy and delivery of a 3650 g female infant at 39 weeks, without any abnormalities.

Results: Highly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and free testosterone levels were observed. Ultrasound revealed bilaterally enlarged multicystic ovaries with several cysts of up to 9 cm in diameter.

Conclusions: In this case, laparotomy appeared to be an appropriate therapy to prevent further suffering in the mother without doing harm to the fetus.
Industrial Silicon Wafer Solar Cells – Status and Trends
Authors: Armin G. Aberle , Matthew B. Boreland , Bram Hoex , Thomas Mueller 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCrystalline silicon solar cells dominate today's global photovoltaic (PV) market. This paper presents the status and trends of the most important industrial silicon wafer solar cells, ranging from standard p-type homojunction cells to heterojunction cells on n-type wafers. Owing to ongoing technological innovations such as improved surface passivation and the use of increasingly thinner wafers, the trend towards higher cell efficiencies and lower $/watt costs is expected to continue during the next 10 years, making silicon wafer based PV modules a moving target for any competing PV technology.
PV Module Technology and Reliability – Status and Perspectives
Authors: Harry Wirth , Claudio Ferrara 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSolar cell processing into modules is mostly responsible for the product's reliability, has a severe impact on product costs and controls 10–15% of its efficiency. This article gives an overview on current module technology and highlights innovative approaches to reduce material cost and increase module efficiency. High potential approaches like back contact technology are those that simultaneously address cell and module technology to offer efficiency gains in the range of 10%.Module reliability expectations of 25 years or more require quality assurance beyond the common type approval standards. In its second part, the article addresses stress factors for PV modules. To ensure fast innovation cycles, accelerated aging tests are used to reproduce these stress factors in the laboratory. Results from certification testing are discussed as well as new approaches for improved testing. More realistic test results can be obtained by simulating combinations of stress factors.
Light Trapping Concepts for Photon Management in Solar Cells
Authors: Sprafke A. N. , Wehrspohn R. B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhoton management is a key component in the development of efficient solar cells. Especially light-trapping concepts have a high potential to realize enhanced efficiencies. Here, we give an overview over several light trapping concepts for photon management in solar cells. These include basic as well as advanced light-trapping concepts. The theoretical limits of light path enhancement of the different concepts are given and experimental work on these topics is presented. The potential of 3D photonic crystals is discussed in the context of the corresponding approaches as well.
Steam pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood: comparison of optimal conditions with and without SO2 impregnation
Authors: Schütt Fokko , Haas Nils Peter , Dehne Laura , Koch Gerald , Janzon Ron , Saake Bodo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Steam refining of non-debarked poplar wood with SO2 impregnation prior to steaming was investigated as pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment conditions were varied in the range of 170°C–220°C, 3–30 min and 0.7–2.5% SO2 according to a factorial design. Predicted steaming conditions for highest carbohydrate yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were at 200°C, 15 min, and 2.5% SO2. The yield of glucose and xylose from control tests under these conditions was 43% representing an increase of 9% compared to results of former experiments without SO2 impregnation. Investigations on lignin extracted from the fibers revealed no distinct differences between pretreatment with and without SO2. No sulfonation occurred by the impregnation with SO2. Topochemical analyses of the fibers by cellular UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) showed an inhomogeneous lignin distribution within the S2 of fibers after pretreatment without SO2 and local depositions of high UV-absorbing substances in the lumina of fibers and parenchyma cells. The lignin distribution of fiber cell walls after pretreatment with SO2 was more homogeneous with a preserved fiber network and only little amounts of deposited phenolic compounds in the lumina. Therefore, it might be concluded that the expulsion of lignin hinders the enzymes in accessing the cellulose.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the sound insulation property of wood plastic composites (WPCs) filled with precipitated CaCO3
Authors: Li Peng , Kim Birm-June , Wang Qingwen , Wu Qinglin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The sound transmission loss (STL) of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC)-filled wood plastic composite (WPC) was studied using a numerical analysis method based on the mass law and sound scattering theory. Several physical models for explaining sound wave transmission in WPC were established, and relevant STL equations were derived. The STL of WPC filled with different PCC weight ratios was analyzed using these models. The results showed that the STL of WPC increased with an increase in sound frequency and PCC weight ratio. The improvement of sound insulation was attributed to the mass increase, sound scattering enhancement by the fillers, and PCC weight ratio. The predicted results showed similar trends to the experimental data under the same processing conditions. It was concluded that the proposed models can be used to analyze the STL of filled WPC. Larger inorganic particle size led to higher STL, but its effect was not obvious at lower frequency ranges. Predicted STL increased with increased weight ratio of wood for the whole frequency range tested.
Clinical evaluation of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and insulin like growth factor-binding protein-1-based rapid immunoassays for the diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Rong , Xiong Wei , Wang Yanyun , Zhu Cairong , Song Changping , Gao Linbo , Zhang Lin , Hu Huaizhong 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the clinical value of two rapid tests, based on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (Leakection) and insulinlike growth factor-binding protein-1 (Amnioquick), for the diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes.

Methods: A total of 200 pregnant women were recruited in this study: 100 pregnant women with membrane rupture and 100 healthy pregnant women as controls. Patients and controls were randomly divided into Leakection and Amnioquick groups, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated on the basis of the detection results.

Results: For the 100 women tested with Leakection, the sensitivity and specificity was 94% and 96%, respectively; the total accuracy was 95%. For the 100 women tested with Amnioquick, the sensitivity and specificity was 80% and 100%, respectively; the total accuracy was 90%.

Conclusions: Both Leakection and Amnioquick are non-invasive and inexpensive rapid tests for the diagnosis of premature or prelabor rupture of membranes with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could greatly help the timely diagnosis of premature or prelabor rupture of membranes in clinical practice.
Tailoring nanostructured catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion systems
Authors: Gago Aldo S. , Habrioux Aurelien , Alonso-Vante Nicolas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis review covers topics related to the synthesis of nanoparticles, the anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions and low temperature electrochemical energy devices. The thermodynamic aspects of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles are discussed. Different methods of chemical synthesis such as w/o microemulsion, Bönnemann, polyol and carbonyl are presented. How the electrochemical reactions take place on the surface of the catalytic nanoparticles and the importance of the substrate is put in evidence. The use of nanomaterials in low temperature energy devices such as H2/O2 polymer electrolyte or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and micro-direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC), as well as recent progress and durability, is discussed. Special attention is given to the novel laminar flow fuel cell (LFFC). This review starts with the genesis of catalytic nanoparticles, continues with the surface electrochemical reactions that occur on them, and finally it discusses their application in electrochemical energy devices such as low temperature fuel cells or Li-air batteries.
Crystal structure of catena-[dichlorido-μ2-4,4’-dithiodipyridine-κ2N:N’- zinc(II)], C10H8Cl2N2S2Zn
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. , Dietz Christina , Oppel Iris M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
C10H8Cl2N2S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.317(2) Å, b = 9.868(2) Å, c = 10.947(2) Å, β = 92.37(2)°, V = 1329.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.036, wRref(F2) = 0.132, T = 110 K.
Auditor Commitment to Privately Held Clients and its Effect on Value-Added Audit Service
Authors: Herda David N. , Lavelle James J. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARY
This study examines auditor commitment to clients and how it affects the level of value-added audit service (e.g., management letter comments) provided to the clients. Our research model is based on social exchange theory. Using a sample of 204 auditors at two public accounting firms that principally serve privately held clients, we find that perceived fair treatment by the client predicts perceived support from the client, and perceived support predicts auditor commitment to the client. We find that client commitment is positively associated with the extent of value-added audit service provided to the client. The results highlight the important role that perceptions of client fairness play in engendering social exchange relationships between individual auditors and clients. Higher-quality relationships lead to higher levels of service that go beyond the basic requirements of the audit itself.
Frequency and Severity of the Dawn Phenomenon in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Monnier Louis , Colette Claude , Sardinoux Mathieu , Baptista Gregory , Regnier-Zerbib Alyne , Owens David 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
To know whether age has an independent effect on the dawn phenomenon in noninsulin-using type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty-one individuals with type 2 diabetes were matched for HbA1c and divided by age into three subgroups of 27 individuals (1: ≥70 years; 2: 60–69 years; and 3: ≤59 years). All underwent ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring for quantifying the dawn phenomenon (i.e., the absolute [∂G, mg/dL] or relative [∂G%] increments from nocturnal nadirs to prebreakfast time points).

RESULTS
HbA1c levels and 24-h glycemic profiles were similar across the three groups. Glucose increments (mean ± SEM) were identical in the three groups: ∂G (mg/dL), 22.0 ± 4.7 (1), 21.3 ± 3.6 (2), and 18.0 ± 3.6 (3) and δG (%), 19.9 ± 4.9 (1), 21.6 ± 4.4 (2), and 17.6 ± 4.2 (3). Using the most common definition (∂G &gt;10 mg/dL), the prevalence of the dawn phenomenon was 52, 70, and 59% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The dawn phenomenon is present in the elderly.
Identification of potential sources of thymoquinone and related compounds in Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae, and Ranunculaceae families
Authors: Taborsky Jan , Kunt Miroslav , Kloucek Pavel , Lachman Jaromir , Zeleny Vaclav , Kokoska Ladislav 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this study, forty-seven plant species belonging to seven families were analysed by GC and GC-MS for the contents of pharmacologically effective quinones: dithymoquinone (DTQ), thymohydroquinone (THQ), and thymoquinone (TQ). The results showed that detectable amounts (≥1 mg kg−1) of at least one of these compounds have been found in three species of both Monarda (M. didyma, M. media, and M. menthifolia) and Thymus (T. pulegioides, T. serpyllum, and T. vulgaris) genera, two Satureja (S. hortensis and S. montana) species, and in single representatives of Eupatorium (E. cannabinum), Juniperus (J. communis), and Nigella (N. sativa) genera. The maximum contents of THQ and TQ were found in M. media aerial parts and M. didyma inflorescences (2674 and 3564 mg kg−1 of dried weight, respectively) in amounts significantly exceeding their maximum contents in N. sativa seeds (THQ = 530 mg kg−1 and TQ = 1881 mg kg−1), which are generally considered as the main natural source of both of these compounds. As a conclusion, M. didyma (bergamot) and M. media (purple bergamot) can be recommended as new prospective natural sources of THQ and TQ for pharmaceutical or food industries.
Mimicking the morphology of long bone
Authors: Ficai Anton , Andronescu Ecaterina , Ficai Denisa , Sonmez Maria , Albu Madalina , Voicu Georgeta 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The aim of this work was to mimic the stratified structure of the median region of long bones. Starting from this desideratum, more COLL/HA composite materials with different morphology were synthesized and characterized, each of these materials mimicking one layer of long bone (endo- and periosteum, compact and cancellous bony tissue). Stratified bone grafts were obtained by assembling these layers; the obtained grafts were similar to the median region of long bones. Even though, natural bones have a more complex microstructure, this is a pioneering work since for the first time a stratified COLL/HA composite material similar to bone was produced.
Total synthesis of N,O,O,O-tetraacetyl-d-ribo-phytosphingosine and its 2-epi-congener
Authors: Martinková Miroslava , Pomikalová Kvetoslava , Gonda Jozef 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTotal synthesis of the natural d-ribo-phytosphingosine I and its 2-epimer III in the protected form was achieved through a common strategy. The aza-Claisen rearrangement of allylic thiocyanate (Z)-V incorporated the new stereogenic centre with nitrogen and the subsequent Wittig olefination constructed a non-polar side chain. Hydrogenation, followed by removal of protecting groups, completed the syntheses of I and III.
Effect of reactants’ concentration on the ratio and yield of E,Z isomers of isatin-3-(4-phenyl)semicarbazone and N-methylisatin-3-(4-phenyl)semicarbazone
Authors: Jakusová Klaudia , Gáplovský Martin , Donovalová Jana , Cigáň Marek , Stankovičová Henrieta , Sokolík Robert , Gašpar Jan , Gáplovský Anton 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, the effect of inter- and intramolecular interactions of reactants and products, reactants concentration as well as the solvent effect on the ratio of E and Z isomers of isatinphenylsemicarbazones in the reaction mixture is examined. Theoretical calculations proved that Z isomers are more stable than E isomers. Experimental results confirmed the noncovalent intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions of the reactants in the reaction mixture at concentrations above 0.1 mol L−1. The E/Z isomer ratio of isatin-3-(4-phenyl)semicarbazone (I) and N-methylisatin-3-(4-phenyl)semicarbazone (II) depends on the initial concentrations of 3-amino-1-phenylurea (phenylsemicarbazide; V) and 1H-indole-2,3-dione (isatin; III), or 3-methylindol-2,3(1H)-dion (3-methylisatin; IV), respectively. Both isomers exhibit high thermal stability. Thermal E-Z isomerization takes place at temperatures above 70°C in N,N-dimethylformamide.
New Developments in Spanish Federalism
Authors: Arzoz Xabier 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Les principales évolutions du fédéralisme espagnol ces dernières années tiennent à l’élaboration, l’approbation et la révision du Statut d’autonomie de la Catalogne, un processus qui a duré sept ans (2003-2010). Le nouveau Statut d’autonomie catalan a constitué un test historique de la structure de « l’État des communautés autonomes ». Une autre évolution concerne la consécration constitutionnelle du principe de stabilité budgétaire. Dans les deux cas, une vision homogène de la décentralisation espagnole a prévalu.
Immigration and Migrant Integration in Multicultural Societies
Authors: Kössler Karl 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la tendance générale d’accroissement de l’autorité intra-étatique dans la gouvernance de problèmes complexes, et analyse dans quelle mesure cette tendance est également valable dans le domaine de l’immigration et de l’intégration des migrants dans des sociétés multiculturelles. L’article considère qu’une distinction analytique doit être faite entre la question de « l’immigration », comme simple régulation des flux internationaux de migration, et la question beaucoup plus complexe et multidimensionnelle de « l’intégration des migrants ». Plus précisément, les multiples dimensions de l’intégration – sociale, économique et politique – relèvent d’une responsabilité intersectorielle et constituent une question qui prend en compte plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement. Le domaine de l’immigration, par contraste, est à de rares exceptions près le domaine exclusif du gouvernement central. L’article démontre comment ces différentes logiques entraînent d’importants dysfonctionnements dans la coordination de l’immigration et de l’intégration des migrants, car l’interconnectivité intrinsèque de ces politiques est négligée.
Public Safety in Federal Systems: A Primer
Authors: Leuprecht Christian 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Quatre conditions de base doivent être respectées pour le fonctionnement efficace d’une société : la sécurité, la bonne gouvernance, le développement économique et les conditions psycho-sociales. Une bonne partie de la littérature porte sur les trois derniers aspects. Pourtant, la sécurité semble être une condition préalable, un élément premier, sans laquelle il semble difficile pour les trois autres à prendre racine. Alors que les préoccupations de sécurité sont la raison d’être au cœur de nombreux arrangements fédéraux, le lien du fédéralisme et de la sécurité publique a reçu peu d’attention de la part des chercheurs. À la lumière de la croissance exponentielle des systèmes fédéraux et de l’intérêt retrouvée dans la sécurité publique dans les systèmes fédéraux en raison de préoccupations au sujet du terrorisme d’une part, et de la capacité des fédérations de faire suite aux urgences naturelles et anthropogéniques d’autre part, cet article propose un cadre préliminaire de théorie et de substance afin d’informer et d’inciter l’étude comparative de la sécurité publique dans les systèmes fédéraux et multi-palier.
L'approche écologique en action en France et au Québec
Authors: Barthélémy Lucette 
Published: September 2012

L’approche écologique impulse des interventions sur un continuum allant de celle dispensée dans un microenvironnement (ex. : domicile) jusqu’à celles offertes dans des contextes plus larges (communautés territoriales, pays). Les stratégies centrées sur le changement de comportement de l’individu sont nombreuses (ex. : séances d’éducation plurithématiques ou spécifiques). En complément, quatre stratégies socio-environnementales peuvent se conjuguer à chaque niveau d’intervention (environnement interpersonnel, organisations, communautés, environnement politique). L’approche globale et positive de la santé, crée un contexte propice à des actions nouvelles pour promouvoir la santé et la qualité de vie des populations vieillissantes.