bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of customised executive education in supply chain management
Authors: Bernon Mike , Mena Carlos 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the evolving nature of supply chain management customised executive education over the past decade and present a conceptual framework for curriculum development and design.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a combination of methods utilising both in‐depth interviews with academics and practitioners and a single longitudinal case study based on records of 197 customised executive education programmes delivered since 2000.FindingsThe findings show that the needs of practitioners have evolved from acquiring competency‐based training to obtaining support for wider strategy deployment and change management programmes within organisations. Moreover, the design and delivery of programmes have developed over the period considering the requirements for experiential learning, project work involving deeper faculty engagement, pre‐ and post‐course project activity, supported by internet‐based learning portals.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' research provides evidence that the nature of supply chain executive education has changed and that further research is needed to explore the implications for the delivery of programmes.Practical implicationsThe adoption of the framework will provide course directors and programme managers involved in supply chain management executive education with insights for successful design and execution of programmes. Similarly, the framework can support decision‐making processes conducted by organisations commissioning customised executive education programs.Originality/valueAlthough there is a body of research relating to curriculum development and design generally, there is little empirical research focusing on supply chain management executive education.
Multiple stressors in periphyton – comparison of observed and predicted tolerance responses to high ionic loads and herbicide exposure
Authors: Rotter Stefanie , Heilmeier Hermann , Altenburger Rolf , Schmitt‐Jansen Mechthild 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAs a result of the increasing human impact on aquatic ecosystems, freshwater organisms are often exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously. The joint actions between stressors can result in combined effects and unexpected ecological effects. Therefore, a better understanding of the interactive effects on ecosystems is required.This study aimed to identify potential interactions between high ionic loads and herbicides. A microcosm study, using periphyton as model community, was conducted with a factorial design. Two levels of ionic loads were used as single stressor and in combination with prometryn. Structural (biomass, algal class and diatom composition) and functional parameters (tolerance development) were determined over a growth period of 6 weeks. The concept of pollution‐induced community tolerance (PICT) was applied to quantify integrated community responses. Long‐term community responses to the combined exposure were predicted using the model of independent action.No co‐tolerance of high ionic loads and prometryn or vice versa was found. Stress‐induced succession resulted in a distinct community structure for each stressor and combination of stressors. Multiple stressors led to the selection of opportunistic species and higher tolerances to prometryn than predicted by the model of independent action. However, joint effects for high ionic loads and prometryn were concentration and time‐dependent. ThePICTconcept enabled the quantification of community‐level effects in systems receiving multiple stresses.Synthesis and applications. Multiple stressors might explain the failure to achieve good ecological status for many European water bodies within the context of theEU‐Water Framework Directive (WFD). We proposePICTas a diagnostic tool for investigative monitoring to clarify stressor conditions by testing the tolerances of local communities to preselected site‐specific compounds.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Protective and Risk Factors in 18 Survivors of a Plane Crash
Authors: Catanesi Roberto , Martino Vito , Candelli Chiara , Troccoli Giuseppe , Grattagliano Ignazio , Vella Giancarlo Di , Carabellese Felice 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify protective and risk factors related to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on a sample of survivors from a single plane crash. Eighteen survivors were examined 6 months following the event. The subjects all underwent psychiatric interviews, Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale structured interviews, personality and cognitive tests. Only 38.9% of them presented with all of the symptoms of PTSD; 22.2% showed no symptoms for PTSD; remaining survivors exhibited emotional/affective symptoms related to the event. In addition to the severity of the traumatic event itself, other risk factors identified were the loss of a relative, the manifestation of depressive symptoms, and the severity of physical injuries sustained. Low levels of hostility and high levels of self‐efficacy represented protective factors against developing PTSD.
Possible Fatal Acetaminophen Intoxication with Atypical Clinical Presentation
Authors: De‐Giorgio Fabio , Lodise Maria , Chiarotti Marcello , d'Aloja Ernesto , Carbone Arnaldo , Valerio Luca 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAcetaminophen or paracetamol, a commonly used over‐the‐counter analgesic, is known to elicit severe adverse reactions when taken in overdose, chronically at therapeutic dosage or, sporadically, following single assumptions of a therapeutic dose. Damage patterns including liver damage and, rarely, acute tubular necrosis or a fixed drug exanthema. We present a case of fatal acetaminophen toxicity with postmortem blood concentration 78 μg/mL and unusual clinical features, including a visually striking and massive epidermolysis and rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and myocardial ischemia. This case is compared with the most similar previous reports in terms of organ damage, clinical presentation, and cause of death. We conclude that a number of severe patterns of adverse effects to acetaminophen are emerging that were previously greatly underestimated, thus questioning the adequacy of the clinical spectrum traditionally associated with acetaminophen intoxication and leading to the need to review this spectrum and the associated diagnostic criteria.
K2 Toxicity: Fatal Case of Psychiatric Complications Following AM2201 Exposure
Authors: Patton Amy L. , Chimalakonda Krishna C. , Moran Cindy L. , McCain Keith R. , Radominska‐Pandya Anna , James Laura P. , Kokes Charles , Moran Jeffery H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLimited forensic and clinical experience and the lack of confirmatory testing strategies for synthetic cannabinoids (SC) prevent adequate characterization of SC toxicity and the potential impact on public health. A statewide surveillance system identified a fatality involving a 23‐year‐old man found with a large stab wound to the neck following use of a SC product suspected of containing AM2201. Analytical testing for common SCs, SC metabolites, routine drugs of abuse, and over‐the‐counter medications was performed on heart blood obtained at autopsy. Additionally, assays were performed on the SC raw material and drug paraphernalia found on the decedent. High concentrations of AM2201 were detected in all samples. AM2201 metabolites were detected in postmortem blood. Other than a trace amount of JWH‐073 found in smoke residue, no other substances were detected. Psychiatric complications including self‐induced, lethal trauma can occur after the use of SC products.
PTEN controls β‐cell regeneration in aged mice by regulating cell cycle inhibitor p16ink4a
Authors: Zeng Ni , Yang Kai‐Ting , Bayan Jennifer‐Ann , He Lina , Aggarwal Richa , Stiles Joseph W. , Hou Xiaogang , Medina Vivian , Abad Danny , Palian Beth M. , Al‐Abdullah Ismail , Kandeel Fouad , Johnson Deborah L. , Stiles Bangyan L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTissue regeneration diminishes with age, concurrent with declining hormone levels including growth factors such as insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). We investigated the molecular basis for such decline in pancreatic β‐cells where loss of proliferation occurs early in age and is proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. We studied the regeneration capacity of β‐cells in mouse model where PI3K/AKT pathway downstream of insulin/IGF‐1 signaling is upregulated by genetic deletion of Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) specifically in insulin‐producing cells. In this model, PTEN loss prevents the decline in proliferation capacity in aged β‐cells and restores the ability of aged β‐cells to respond to injury‐induced regeneration. Using several animal and cell models where we can manipulate PTEN expression, we found that PTEN blocks cell cycle re‐entry through a novel pathway leading to an increase in p16ink4a, a cell cycle inhibitor characterized for its role in cellular senescence/aging. A downregulation in p16ink4a occurs when PTEN is lost as a result of cyclin D1 induction and the activation of E2F transcription factors. The activation of E2F transcriptional factors leads to methylation of p16ink4a promoter, an event that is mediated by the upregulation of polycomb protein, Ezh2. These analyses establish a novel PTEN/cyclin D1/E2F/Ezh2/p16ink4a signaling network responsible for the aging process and provide specific evidence for a molecular paradigm that explain how decline in growth factor signals such as IGF‐1 (through PTEN/PI3K signaling) may control regeneration and the lack thereof in aging cells.
Functional imaging of an alcohol‐Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Authors: Ames Susan L. , Grenard Jerry L. , He Qinghua , Stacy Alan W. , Wong Savio W. , Xiao Lin , Xue Gui , Bechara Antoine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis research assessed activation in neural substrates involved in implicit associative processes through functional magnetic resonance imaging of an alcohol‐Implicit Association Test (IAT) focused on positive outcomes of alcohol use. Comparisons involved 17 heavy and 19 light drinkers, ranging in age from 18 to 22, during compatible and incompatible association task trials. Behaviorally, a significant IAT effect was found with heavy drinkers showing stronger positive implicit associations toward alcohol use than light drinkers. Imaging data revealed heavy drinkers showed greater activity during compatible trials relative to incompatible trials in the left putamen and insula while no significant difference in activity between conditions was found in the light drinkers. Light drinkers showed significantly more activity in the left orbital frontal cortex during both compatible and incompatible trials than heavy drinkers, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was engaged more in both light and heavy drinkers during incompatible trials relative to compatible trials. Further, within‐group analyses showed significant amygdala activity along with the putamen and insula among heavy drinkers during compatible trials relative to incompatible trials. These results are consistent with a dual process framework of appetitive behaviors proposing that (1) implicit associations underlying habit are mediated through neural circuitry dependent on the striatum, and (2) controlled behaviors are mediated through neural circuitry more dependent on the prefrontal cortex. This is the first study to evaluate the neural mechanisms elicited by an alcohol‐IAT, providing an additional step toward increasing understanding of associative habit processes and their regulatory influence over addictive behaviors.
The influence of lunar cycles on crop‐raiding elephants; evidence for risk avoidance
Authors: Gunn Jody , Hawkins Dawn , Barnes Richard F. W. , Mofulu Fredrick , Grant Rachel A. , Norton Guy W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLong‐term solutions to crop raiding by elephants (Loxodonta africana) should be based on an understanding of their behaviour and ecology. The real and perceived risks from humans have been shown to affect elephant behaviour. This is evidenced by elephants predominantly raiding crops at night, avoiding the height of human activity. If such human avoidance behaviours are apparent, it might also be expected that elephants avoid risks associated with higher visibility and increased human activity as may occur during the full moon. However, elephant nocturnal crop‐raiding behaviour in relation to lunar cycles has largely been a neglected factor in studies of human–elephant interactions. In this study around Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, we apply circular statistics in this context for the first time to show a significant decrease in crop raiding during the full moon and apply this method retrospectively to data from another site in West Africa with similar results. Additionally, a greater proportion of farms raided was guarded during the full moon than any other moon phase. Our results indicate that variations in crop raiding with lunar phase could be a general feature of elephant behaviour and thus could be used to design and time mitigation efforts.
Relationships between the density of two potential restoration tree species and plant species abundance and richness in a degradedAfromontane forest ofKenya
Authors: Mullah Collins Jared Amwatta , Klanderud Kari , Totland Ørjan , Kigomo Bernard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn recent years, there have been considerable efforts to restore degraded tropical montane forests through active restoration using indigenous tree species. However, little is known about how these species used for restoration influence other species. In this study, two potential restoration species,Albizia gummiferaandNeoboutonia macrocalyx, are investigated with regard to the relationship between their density and the abundance and richness of other plant species. The study was conducted in a degraded forest consisting of disturbed transition zones and secondary forest. Our results show positive relationships between the density ofA. gummiferaand the abundance of tree seedling and sapling richness in the transition zones and in the secondary forest. Shrub richness was negatively related to the density ofA. gummifera. Abundance and richness of tree saplings and shrubs were positively related toN. macrocalyxdensity both in the transition zones and in the secondary forest. Herb species richness declined withN. macrocalyxdensity in the transition zones but increased withN. macrocalyxdensity in the secondary forest. The positive relationships between the density of the two tree species and species richness of other woody species suggest that bothA. gummiferaandN. macrocalyxcan be suitable for active restoration of degraded mountain forests within their natural range.
Two‐Dimensional Computational Analysis of Microbubbles in Hemodialysis
Authors: Keshavarzi Gholamreza , Barber Tracie J. , Yeoh Guan , Simmons Anne , Reizes John A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOn average, an end‐stage renal disease patient will undergo hemodialysis (HD) three or four times a week for 4–5 h per session. Any minor imperfection in the extracorporeal system may become significant in the treatment of these patients due to the cumulative exposure time. Recently, air traps (a safety feature of dialysis systems) have been reported to be inadequate in detecting microbubbles and may even create them. Microbubbles have been linked to lung injuries and damage to the brain in chronic HD patients; therefore the significance of microbubbles has been revisited. Bubbles may originate at the vascular access sites, sites of local turbulent blood flow, the air trap, or in the bloodlines after priming with saline prior to use. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics is used to model blood flow in the air trap to determine the likely mechanisms of microbubble dynamics. The results indicate that almost all bubbles with diameters less than 50 μm and most of the bubbles of 50–200 μm pass through the air trap. Consequently, the common air traps are not effective in removing bubbles less than 200 μm in diameter.
Impact of Pulsatile Flow on Hemodynamic Energy in a Medos Deltastream DP3 Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support System
Authors: Krawiec Conrad , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Medos Deltastream DP3 system is made up of a novel diagonal pump and hollow‐membrane oxygenator that provides nonpulsatile and pulsatile flows for extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The objectives of this study are to (i) evaluate the efficacy of the hemodynamic energy provided by Medos Deltastream DP3 system in nonpulsatile and pulsatile mode and (ii) to evaluate the pulsatile mode under different frequencies. The experimental ECLS circuit was used in this study, primed with Ringer's lactate and packed red blood cells (hematocrit 35%). All trials were conducted at flow rates of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mL/min with modified pulsatile frequencies of 60, 70, 80, and 90 bpm at 36°C. Simultaneous blood flow and pressures at the pre/postoxygenator and pre/postcannula sites were recorded for quantification of the pulsatile perfusion‐generated energy‐equivalent pressure (EEP), surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE), and total hemodynamic energy (THE). The experiments showed that under pulsatile flow conditions, at all flow rates and frequencies, (i) the EEP, SHE, and THE were significantly higher when compared with the nonpulsatile group and (ii) the pressure drop was minimal at lower flow rates and lower pulsatile frequencies but was significant when either the flow rate or the pulsatile frequency was increased. The Medos Deltastream DP3 System can provide nonpulsatile flow and physiologic quality pulsatile flow for pediatric ECLS. When the Medos DP3 pediatric ECLS system is used with pulsatile flow, there is more surplus hemodynamic energy and total hemodynamic energy than nonpulsatile flow.
Comparison of VEP with contrast sensitivity and other measurements of central visual function
Authors: Kromer Robert , Serbecic Nermin , Krastel Hermann , Beutelspacher Sven C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  In order to evaluate alternative visual acuity testing techniques, especially to discriminate between small changes and for high visual acuity, we conducted a study covering several state‐of‐the‐art techniques.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, a homogeneous cohort of healthy and young patients (n = 33; 66 eyes) underwent ETDRS vision acuity (VA) testing, testing for contrast sensitivity (CS), VA determination with spatial frequency sweep visual evoked potentials (VEP) and a series of examinations of perifoveal retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) using Spectralis SD‐OCT. To simulate the effect of artificial media opacity, CS, and VEP were repeated with Bangerter foils.Results:  We found that Bangerter foils can be used to reduce VA effectively measured by VA testing and VEP VA. CS correlated significantly with VA (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.77). VEP may be used to estimate VA; nevertheless, we found no significant correlation. RNFLT did not correlate significantly with VA.Conclusion:  CS seems to correlate well with VA when used for high VA. All other used examinations seem to have difficulties distinguishing between small differences in VA or when the VA is high.
Gain of palps within a lineage of ancestrally burrowing annelids (Scalibregmatidae)
Authors: Martínez Alejandro , Di Domenico Maikon , Worsaae Katrine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractScalibregmatidae is a small annelid family of subsurface deposit feeders in sand or mud, which are generally well adapted to infaunal burrowing. The overall morphology of Scalibregmatidae is very similar, with thick bodies, small parapodia, and no prostomial appendages or short horns. The only exception is members of the generaAxiokebuitaandSpeleobregmathat most frequently inhabit crevices or gravel and possess extensive ventral ciliated palps and globular adhesive pygidium. Character reconstruction using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods show that ciliated palps and adhesive pygidium are synapomorphies of theAxiokebuita–Speleobregmaclade. The most likely transformation series is from horns to ciliated palps, the origin of which correlates with the occurrence ofAxiokebuitaandSpeleobregmain crevices or gravel. The wide spaces among rocks or granules yield high permeability and inertial water flow, preventing deposition of organic matter. Under these flow conditions that differ significantly from those of sand or mud bottom, ciliated palps aid to the collection of suspended particles and an adhesive pygidium provides attachment. With palps being a highly debated character in annelid evolution, it is remarkable that prominent ciliated palps are gained within a lineage of ancestrally nonpalpate annelids, most likely increasing their fitness when colonizing a new environment.
Is there an empirical link between impulsivity and suicidality in bipolar disorders? A review of the current literature and the potential psychological implications of the relationship
Authors: Watkins Hannah B , Meyer Thomas D 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesSuicide is highly prevalent among individuals with bipolar disorder and understanding the factors that increase risk for suicide may help to develop targeted interventions to prevent attempts. Impulsivity is thought to be an influential factor associated with suicidality and is also discussed as a key construct of bipolar disorder. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the current evidence to examine the association between impulsivity and suicidality in bipolar disorder.MethodsPsycInfo, Medline, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for articles published up until March 2012. Papers were included if they assessed an adult sample of individuals with bipolar disorders, focused on suicidality (ideation with intent to die, suicide attempts, or completion), and used a validated measure to determine impulsivity.ResultSixteen papers were identified. Contrary to widespread belief, we found (i) a very inconsistent picture of results including positive, negative, and insignificant associations between impulsivity and suicidality; and (ii) some studies do not take into account important aspects such as state‐trait or measurement issues.ConclusionsThe link between suicidality and impulsivity is less straightforward than often assumed. Drawing clear conclusions about the association is hampered by factors such as inconsistencies in defining suicidality, measuring impulsivity, and differentiating between impulsivity as a personality trait and impulsivity as a state (e.g., a consequence of substance use or premeditation of the attempt). We suggest that the association is less direct and that psychological models (e.g., Joiner's theory of suicidality) can help foster a more in‐depth understanding regarding the relationship.