bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographically distinct visual and olfactory inputs to the mushroom body in the Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus
Authors: Kinoshita Michiyo , Shimohigasshi Miki , Tominaga Yoshiya , Arikawa Kentaro , Homberg Uwe 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPapilio butterflies depend highly on visual information in their flower‐foraging behavior. The retina of Papilio xuthus has been studied well, whereas the visual system in the brain is poorly understood. By investigating outputs from the optic lobe to the central brain, we found that the mushroom body of P. xuthus receives prominent direct inputs from the optic lobe in addition to olfactory inputs. The mushroom body consists of three components: the calyx, the pedunculus, and the lobes. The calyx is further subdivided into two cup‐shaped primary calyces and an accessory calyx. Each primary calyx consists of three concentric subareas, the inner zone, the outer zone, and the rim of the outer zone. Dextran injections into the optic lobe, the calyx, or the antennal lobe revealed three visual inputs and one olfactory input into the calyx. The visual inputs originate from the medulla, the lobula, and a newly identified neuropil, the ventral lobe of the lobula. All visual inputs first innervate the accessory calyx, and the two lobula inputs further spread their processes through the inner zone and the rim of the outer zone of the primary calyces. Visual inputs from the medulla and the ventral lobe of the lobula collect light information from ventral eye regions, suggesting a role in visual target detection rather than sky compass orientation. In contrast to visual inputs, olfactory inputs innervate only the calycal outer zone. The multisensory inputs to the mushroom bodies in P. xuthus are probably related to their flower‐foraging behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:162–182, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable Integration of Li5FeO4 towards Robust, High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Park Min‐Sik , Lim Young‐Geun , Hwang Soo Min , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Jeom‐Soo , Dou Shi Xue , Cho Jaephil , Kim Young‐Jun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLithium‐ion hybrid capacitors have attracted great interest due to their high specific energy relative to conventional electrical double‐layer capacitors. Nevertheless, the safety issue still remains a drawback for lithium‐ion capacitors in practical operational environments because of the use of metallic lithium. Herein, single‐phase Li5FeO4 with an antifluorite structure that acts as an alternative lithium source (instead of metallic lithium) is employed and its potential use for lithium‐ion capacitors is verified. Abundant Li+ amounts can be extracted from Li5FeO4 incorporated in the positive electrode and efficiently doped into the negative electrode during the first electrochemical charging. After the first Li+ extraction, Li+ does not return to the Li5FeO4 host structure and is steadily involved in the electrochemical reactions of the negative electrode during subsequent cycling. Various electrochemical and structural analyses support its superior characteristics for use as a promising lithium source. This versatile approach can yield a sufficient Li+‐doping efficiency of >90 % and improved safety as a result of the removal of metallic lithium from the cell.
Immobilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Stable and Reusable Catalysts for Hydrazine‐Mediated Nitro Reductions in Continuous Flow
Authors: Moghaddam Mojtaba Mirhosseini , Pieber Bartholomäus , Glasnov Toma , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn experimentally easy to perform method for the generation of alumina‐supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles [(6±1) nm size, 0.67 wt %]and the use of this material in hydrazine‐mediated heterogeneously catalyzed reductions of nitroarenes to anilines under batch and continuous‐flow conditions is presented. The bench‐stable, reusable nano‐Fe3O4@Al2O3 catalyst can selectively reduce functionalized nitroarenes at 1 mol % catalyst loading by using a 20 mol % excess of hydrazine hydrate in an elevated temperature regime (150 °C, reaction time 2–6 min in batch). For continuous‐flow processing, the catalyst material is packed into dedicated cartridges and used in a commercially available high‐temperature/‐pressure flow device. In continuous mode, reaction times can be reduced to less than 1 min at 150 °C (30 bar back pressure) in a highly intensified process. The nano‐Fe3O4@Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated stable reduction of nitrobenzene (0.5 M in MeOH) for more than 10 h on stream at a productivity of 30 mmol h−1 (0.72 mol per day). Importantly, virtually no leaching of the catalytically active material could be observed by inductively coupled plasma MS monitoring.
Proposal of FCbT Considering Closed‐Loop Stability at Each Parameter Update
Authors: Yubai Kazuhiro , Fujii Hiroki , Hirai Junji 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe propose a controller tuning method that considers closed‐loop stability after controller tuning without a mathematical plant model. We propose fictitious correlation‐based tuning that yields reasonable controller parameters using a small amount of input and output data. However, closed‐loop stability after controller tuning is not guaranteed in this approach. In this investigation, we impose a stability constraint on the parameter update in order to maintain closed‐loop stability at each parameter update. Further, by introducing particle swarm optimization instead of the Gauss–Newton method to solve the constrained nonlinear optimization problem, the initial value dependence is considerably reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by a numerical example and experimental results.
Effect of PV Output and Load Power Forecast Error on Operation Design of PV System with Storage Battery
Authors: Hayashi Takayoshi , Shimoo Takahiro , Wakao Shinji 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYIn the past, we have proposed battery operations in a photovoltaic (PV) system using PV output and load power forecasts. In the proposed method, we utilized multiobjective optimization for a residential area model that includes a large number of PV systems with storage batteries. To practically demonstrate that the proposed operation effectively improves economic and environmental efficiency, it is indispensable to evaluate the effects of forecast error on the operation design of a PV system with storage battery. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating the robustness of battery operation taking account of the statistical characteristics of forecast errors. Some numerical examples, which show the validity of the proposed method, are also presented.
Synthesis of a Renewable Oxygenated Diesel Additive in an Adsorptive Reactor
Authors: Graça Nuno S. , Delgado Aida E. , Constantino Dânia S. M. , Pereira Carla S. M , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the acetal 1,1‐diethoxybutane (DEB) was studied by the first time in a fixed‐bed adsorptive reactor packed with the commercial ion‐exchange resin Amberlyst 47. The adsorption equilibrium was investigated at 30 °C by frontal chromatography with nonreactive binary pairs. The experimental determination of DEB viscosity, the hydrodynamic study of the fixed‐bed column, and the study of the butanal/water liquid–liquid equilibrium were performed. DEB production and column regeneration were performed in the fixed‐bed adsorptive reactor. Simulation results showed the feasibility of the synthesis of DEB in a simulated moving‐bed adsorptive reactor to obtain a conversion and purities in both extract and raffinate above 97 % with a productivity of 10.04 kg L−1 d−1 and a desorbent consumption of 4.42 L kg−1.
Amino acid sequence of the AhR1 ligand-binding domain predicts avian sensitivity to dioxin like compounds: In vivo verification in European starlings
Authors: Eng Margaret L. , Elliott John E. , Jones Stephanie P. , Williams Tony D. , Drouillard Ken G. , Kennedy Sean W. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that the sensitivity of avian species to the embyrotoxic effects of dioxin-like compounds can be predicted by the amino acid identities at two key sites within the ligand-binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (AhR1). The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) has been established as a highly sensitive species to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds. Results from genotyping and in vitro assays predict that the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is also highly sensitive to dioxin-like compound toxicity. The objective of the present study was to test that prediction in vivo. To do this, we used egg injections in field nesting starlings with 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl. Eggs were dosed with either the vehicle control or 1 of 5 doses (1.4, 7.1, 15.9, 32.1, and 52.9 ng PCB-126/g egg). A dose-dependent increase in embryo mortality occurred, and the median lethal dose (LD50; 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 5.61 (2.33–9.08) ng/g. Hepatic CYP1A4/5 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in hatchlings also increased in a dose-dependent manner, with CYP1A4 being more induced than CYP1A5. No effect of dose on morphological measures was seen, and we did not observe any overt malformations. These results indicate that, other than the chicken, the European starling is the most sensitive species to the effects of PCB-126 on avian embryo mortality reported to date, which supports the prediction of relative sensitivity to dioxin-like compounds based on amino acid sequence of the AhR1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2753–2758. © 2014 SETAC
Test–Retest Reliability of Capability Measurement in the UK General Population
Authors: Al‐Janabi Hareth , Flynn Terry N. , Peters Tim J. , Bryan Stirling , Coast Joanna 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAlthough philosophically attractive, it may be difficult, in practice, to measure individuals' capabilities (what they areableto do in their lives) as opposed to their functionings (what they actually do). To examine whether capability information could be reliably self‐reported, we administered a measure of self‐reported capability (the Investigating Choice Experiments Capability Measure for Adults, ICECAP‐A) on two occasions, 2 weeks apart, alongside a self‐reported health measure (the EuroQol Five Dimensional Questionnaire with 3 levels, EQ‐5D‐3L). We found that respondents were able to report capabilities with a moderate level of consistency, although somewhat less reliably than their health status. The more socially orientated nature of some of the capability questions may account for the difference. © 2014 The Authors Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Discrete Molecular Catalysts for Methane Functionalization
Authors: Gunsalus Niles J. , Konnick Michael M. , Hashiguchi Brian G. , Periana Roy A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe implementation of selective, energy efficient, direct alkane oxidation chemistry could lead to a new paradigm in materials and energy technologies for the 21st century that is environmentally and economically superior to current processes. Such processes would allow the vast reserves of natural gas to be directly employed as feedstocks for fuels and chemicals. Molecular catalysts that activate and functionalize the CH bonds of unactivated hydrocarbons are of particular interest, from both a scientific and economic viewpoint. This results from the unique properties of these engineered materials, which allow them to carry out oxidative hydrocarbon functionalization, with high atom and energy efficiency, under relatively mild conditions. Despite the large body of work on the activation of CH bonds over the last three decades, relatively few catalyst systems based on this approach present a viable route to functionalize hydrocarbons. This dilemma is largely due to the large gaps in our fundamental knowledge to allow rational design of such catalysts. Addressed in this paper are some of the key challenges and approaches to the de novo design of alkane functionalization molecular catalysts based on the CH activation reaction, with an emphasis on our own research.
Ion Transport in Sub‐10 nm Nanofluidic Channels: Synthesis, Measurement, and Modeling
Authors: Hwang Junho , Daiguji Hirofumi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent advances in nanofabrication, measurement, and analysis techniques of nanofluidic systems have allowed ion transport to be systematically explored in narrow, confined channels with dimensions of less than about 10 nm. In such small dimensions, anomalous ion transport can be observed. This review describes several unique ion‐transport phenomena recently reported in sub‐10 nm fluidic channels and provides an introduction to recently developed nanofabrication techniques to create sub‐10 nm nanochannels by both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches.
Dual action antimicrobial surfaces via combined nitric oxide and silver release
Authors: Storm Wesley L. , Johnson Justin A. , Worley Brittany V. , Slomberg Danielle L. , Schoenfisch Mark H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that silver sulfadiazine and small molecule nitric oxide (NO) donors kill a number of bacterial species synergistically in solution‐based assays. Herein, we report on multilayered silica‐based xerogels that release both NO and silver. Release of each agent was achieved by exposing amine‐modified xerogels to high pressures of NO, and doping silver nitrate (AgNO3) into an alkyl‐silane xerogel. Total achievable releases were 3.5 μmol cm−2 and 1.7 ppm for NO and Ag+, respectively, with release of each agent controlled independent of the other. The NO/Ag+‐releasing coating reduced bacterial adhesion and exhibited greater‐than‐additive killing against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, cytotoxicity assays against L929 fibroblasts suggest that the combination does not cause greater‐than‐additive killing to mammalian cells. Such materials may prove useful in the design of biomedical devices prone to infection such as bone and surgical screws. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1974–1984, 2015.
Micropatterned coculture of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells on layered electrospun fibrous mats toward blood vessel engineering
Authors: Li Huinan , Liu Yaowen , Lu Jinfu , Wei Jiaojun , Li Xiaohong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA major challenge in vascular engineering is the establishment of proper microenvironment to guide the spatial organization, growth, and extracellular matrix (ECM) productions of cells found in blood vessels. In the current study, micropatterned fibrous mats with distinct ridges and grooves of different width were created to load smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which were assembled by stacking on vascular endothelial cell (EC)‐loaded flat fibrous mats to mimic the in vivo‐like organized structure of blood vessels. SMCs were mainly distributed in the ridges, and aligned fibers in the patterned regions led to the formation of elongated cell bodies, intense actin filaments, and expressions of collagen I and α‐smooth muscle actin in a parallel direction with fibers. ECs spread over the flat fibrous mats and expressed collagen IV and laminin with a cobblestone‐like feature. A z‐stack scanning of fluorescently stained fibrous mats indicated that SMCs effectively infiltrated into fibrous scaffolds at the depth of around 200 μm. Compared with SMCs cultured alone, the coculture with ECs enhanced the proliferation, infiltration, and cytoskeleton elongation of SMCs on patterned fibrous mats. Although the coculture of SMCs made no significant difference in the EC growth, the coculture system on patterned fibrous scaffolds promoted ECM productions of both ECs and SMCs. Thus, this patterned fibrous configuration not only offers a promising technology in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds to construct blood vessels with durable mechanical properties, but also provides a platform for patterned coculture to investigate cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions in highly organized tissues. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1949–1960, 2015.
Influence of hepatic impairment on lenvatinib pharmacokinetics following single‐dose oral administration
Authors: Shumaker Robert , Aluri Jagadeesh , Fan Jean , Martinez Gresel , Pentikis Helen , Ren Min 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis open‐label, single‐dose study assessed lenvatinib pharmacokinetics (PK) in subjects with normal hepatic function (n = 8) and mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment (n = 6 each). Subjects received 10 mg oral lenvatinib, except those with severe hepatic impairment (5 mg). Plasma and urine samples were collected over 14 days; free and total lenvatinib and its metabolites were analyzed using validated chromatography/spectrometry. PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. There were no clinically meaningful effects of mild or moderate hepatic impairment on lenvatinib PK. Dose‐normalized Cmax for free lenvatinib was 7.0, 3.7, 5.7, and 5.6 ng/mL in subjects with normal hepatic function, mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment, respectively. There was no consistent trend, although dose‐normalized Cmax was lower for all subjects with hepatic impairment. AUCs increased 170% and t1/2 increased (37 versus 23 hours) in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. Changes in exposure based on total plasma concentrations were generally less than those based on free concentrations, suggesting changes in plasma protein binding in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. Lenvatinib was generally well tolerated. Subjects with severe hepatic impairment should begin lenvatinib treatment at a reduced dose of 14 mg versus 24 mg for subjects with normal liver function and subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
The effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of Akkawi cheese
Authors: Kamleh Rabih , Olabi Ammar , Toufeili Imad , Daroub Hamza , Younis Tarek , Ajib Rola 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies have shown a direct relationship between increased dietary sodium intake and chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Potassium chloride is the most widely used salt substitute for sodium chloride in different processed foods. Akkawi cheese, commonly consumed as fresh cheese, has a semi‐hard curd, chalky color, firm texture and salty flavor. The effect of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl on the chemical, textural, microbiological and sensory characteristics of fresh and mature Akkawi cheese was investigated.RESULTSSalt treatment (NaCl reduction) had a significant effect on pH, lactic acid, sodium and potassium contents of cheeses. Texture profile analysis revealed a significant effect of salt treatment on adhesiveness, chewiness and hardness of cheese. All tested microorganisms increased with storage but in general did not differ between salt treatments, specifically between control (100% NaCl) and (70% NaCl, 30% KCl) samples. Descriptive analysis showed that salt treatment had a significant effect on bitterness, crumbliness and hardness, whereas the age of cheese was significant for color and fermented flavor. Salt treatment had no effect on acceptability variables for all experimental 2‐week Akkawi samples.CONCLUSIONThe above results suggest that a 30% substitution of NaCl by KCl (70% NaCl, 30% KCl brine) is acceptable. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mutation breeding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lower methanol content and the effects of pectinase, cellulase and glycine in sugar cane spirits
Authors: Liang Ming‐Hua , Liang Ying‐Jie , Wu Xiao‐Na , Zhou Shi‐Shui , Jiang Jian‐Guo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo decrease the methanol content of the sugar cane sprits, mutagenesis of ultraviolet (UV) coupled with diethyl sulfate (DES) was used to generate a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lower methanol content. Meanwhile, the effects of the additions of pectinase, cellulase and glycine on the production of methanol in sugar cane spirits were evaluated.RESULTSAfter mutagenesis of UV coupled with DES, a mutant S. cerevisiae DU9 with low production of methanol (97.3 ± 1.7 mg/L) was selected, with a 12.3% decrease of that of S. cerevisiae D4 only with DES treatment, and with a 27.8% reduction of that of the strain without any treatment. Pectinase and cellulase significantly increased the methanol levels of the sugar cane spirits. The results showed that there was linear relationship between glycine (concentration within 0∼0.9 g/L) and methanol in sugar cane sprits and the linear equation was y = 104.7 × −4.79 with the conversion rate of glycine conversion to methanol as 24.56%.CONCLUSIONMutagenesis of UV coupled with DES is an efficient way to generate a mutant of S. cerevisiae with lower methanol content. Also, it is necessary to control the additions of pectinase, cellulase and glycine in the fermentation medium, and other unknown ways to generate methanol metabolic pathway in yeasts may need further study. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Socio‐Economic Determinants of Adoption of Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation Techniques in Semi‐Arid Tharaka Sub‐County, Kenya
Authors: Recha C. W. , Mukopi M. N. , Otieno J. O. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper examines determinants of adoption of rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques in semi‐arid Tharaka sub‐county, Eastern Kenya. Given the erratic rainfall that characterises Tharaka, rainwater harvesting and conservation is critical for the improvement of agricultural production. The study was conducted in two agro‐ecological zones, and 196 respondents were interviewed. The majority of the farmers were practising between 1–3 and 4–6 rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques—an indication of the awareness of the benefits. In situ technologies were more frequently practised than micro‐catchment and macro‐catchment technologies. There were institutional efforts supporting adoption of micro‐catchment and macro‐catchment techniques in the recent past. Correlation results showed that the number of techniques practised was influenced by the number of years spent in school, arable land size, labour availability and number of livelihood options. Soil quality is an unlikely determinant of rainwater harvesting because a majority of the farmers rated it as good and fair. Chi‐squared results suggest that choice of rainwater techniques is primarily informed by a desire to harvest and conserve soil moisture than to improve soil quality. Although adoption of these technologies is encouraging, assessment of their efficiency in the context of physical attributes such as soil characteristics, slope and rainfall amount of the area would add value. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.