bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Health Care Access and Utilization Between Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Schuster Mark A. , McWilliams J. Michael 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Studies suggest that young adults have worse health care access, use less primary care, and visit emergency departments more frequently than adolescents. We examined whether these differences existed between older adolescents and young adults with asthma.

METHODS:
Using nationally representative data from the 1999 to 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we performed cross-sectional comparisons of access and utilization between older adolescents (ages 14–17) and young adults (ages 19–25) with asthma. In longitudinal analyses, we assessed whether changes in health insurance coverage, schooling, and adult presence at home predicted changes in access and utilization.

RESULTS:
Young adults with asthma were less likely to have a usual source of care (–13.7 percentage points; P &lt; .001) or primary care visit within the past year (–13.9 percentage points; P = .006). They were less likely to fill a short-acting beta-agonist prescription (–10.6 percentage points; P = .02) and more likely to visit the emergency department within the past year (+9.7 percentage points; P = .01). Adjusting for differences in insurance coverage reduced differences in usual source of care and primary care use by 32.4% to 38.0% but reduced the difference in emergency department use by only 10.3%. Among participants aged 16 to 19 in the first survey year, becoming uninsured strongly predicted losing a usual source of care (change relative to no coverage loss: –25.2 percentage points; P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with older adolescents with asthma, young adults with asthma have worse health care access and may use care less optimally. These differences were associated with but were not completely explained by differences in insurance coverage.
Food-Related Parenting Practices and Adolescent Weight Status: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Loth Katie A. , MacLehose Richard F. , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Crow Scott , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:To examine food-related parenting practices (pressure-to-eat and food restriction) among mothers and fathers of adolescents and associations with adolescent weight status within a large population-based sample of racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse parent-adolescent pairs.METHODS:Adolescents (N = 2231; 14.4 years old [SD = 2.0]) and their parents (N = 3431) participated in 2 coordinated population-based studies designed to examine factors associated with weight status and weight-related behaviors in adolescents. Adolescents completed anthropometric measurements and surveys at school. Parents (or other caregivers) completed questionnaires via mail or phone.RESULTS:Findings suggest that the use of controlling food-related parenting practices, including pressure-to-eat and restriction, is common among parents of adolescents. Mean restriction levels were significantly higher among parents of overweight and obese adolescents compared with nonoverweight adolescents. However, levels of pressure-to-eat were significantly higher among nonoverweight adolescents. Results indicate that fathers are more likely than mothers to engage in pressure-to-eat behaviors and boys are more likely than girls to be on the receiving end of parental pressure-to-eat. Parental report of restriction did not differ significantly by parent or adolescent gender. No significant interactions by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status were seen in the relationship between restriction or pressure-to-eat and adolescent weight status.CONCLUSIONS:Given that there is accumulating evidence for the detrimental effects of controlling feeding practices on children’s ability to self-regulate energy intake, these findings suggest that parents should be educated and empowered through anticipatory guidance to encourage moderation rather than overconsumption and emphasize healthful food choices rather than restrictive eating patterns.
False Positive Troponin – A True Problem
Authors: Koraćević Goran , Ćosić Vladan , Stojanović Ivana 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Cardiac troponins have a crucial role in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction, but have been considered by some authors to have a high false positive rate. Such opinions may decrease the confidence in troponin with important clinical consequences. The aim of the paper is to analyze three different meanings of the phrase »false positive troponin«: A) analytic (technical) false positive, with no real myocardial damage; B) false positive considering AMI: cardiac injury is present, but there is no AMI; C) false positive considering CAD: there is myocardial damage, but no CAD. The most frequent and the most important source of misunderstanding is the confusion between aspects A) and B). Namely, there has been a relatively small percentage of false positive troponin elevations due to analytic reasons. On the contrary, there has been a re - latively large percentage of »false positive« results in patients with myocardial necrosis due to causes other than AMI; for them - instead of »FP troponin elevation« - another phrase ought to be used, e.g., »non-AMI troponin elevation « until the etiopathogenesis in an individual patient is recognized. The phrase »false positive troponin« should be restricted to the artificial increase in troponin due to preanalytic and analytic reasons. By doing so, we may decrease the degree of confusion about troponin and increase the confidence in this highly specific marker of myocardial injury. The possibility of an analytic false positive result should always be kept in mind when one interprets elevated troponin.
SELENIUM AND SELENOPROTEIN P1 LEVELS ARE RELATED TO PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA / NIVOI SELENA I SELENOPROTEINA P1 POVEZANI SU SA PRIMARNIM GLAUKOMOM OTVORENOG UGLA
Authors: Najafi Mohammad , Yeganeh Morteza Nouruzi , Miraftabi Arezoo , Zarei Reza , Noormohammadi Isa 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Background Glaucoma is a highly prevalent eye disease related to optic nerve lesions and visual field defects. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a type of glaucoma that occurs frequently with unknown etiology. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of selenium, selenoprotein P1, glutathione, hemolysate glutathione peroxidase1 (GPx1) activity and aqueous humour selenium in POAG patients.
Methods Ninety sex- and age-matched subjects (POAG patients; n=45 and, controls; n=45) with the controlled confounders (smoking, hypertension and alcohol beverages) were recruited on clinical histories and exams. The serum and aqueous humour selenium levels were measured using GFAAS technique. The serum selenoprotein P1 level was assayed with the ELISA method. The hemolysate GPx1 activity and serum reduced glutathione level were also measured using known colorimetric techniques.
Results The serum selenium (P=0.01) and selenoprotein P1 (P<0.001) levels were significantly high in POAG patients. Furthermore, the aqueous humour selenium level was significantly high among patients as compared to controls (64.68±13.07 vs. 58.36±13.76 ng/mL, P=0.02). The results did not show a significant difference (P=0.36) in the hemolysate GPx1 activity between the groups. The cutoff points for intraocular pressure (IOP) and serum selenoprotein P1 parameters were estimated to be 39 mmHg (sensitivity 97.5%; 1-specificity 6.5%) and 188 mg/mL (sensitivity 93.5%; 1-specificity 14%), respectively.
THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMICAL BONE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC AND VIRAL LIVER CIRRHOSIS / KLINIČKI ZNAČAJ BIOHEMIJSKIH KOŠTANIH MARKERA KOD PACIJENATA SA ALKOHOLNOM I VIRUSNOM CIROZOM JETRE
Authors: Ćulafić-Vojinović Violeta , Ćulafić Đorđe , Ignjatović Svetlana , Petakov Milan , Nikolić Marina Đurović , Vasić Jelena , Mirković Duško , Mijač Dragana , Štulić Miloš 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Background Metabolic bone disease in patients with chronic liver disease is called hepatic osteodystrophy and is primarily a sequel to osteopenia/osteoporosis, and rarely secondary to osteomalacia. The aim of this work was to define the influence of vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy, as well as the predictive significance of biochemical bone markers.
MethodsThis prospective study included 58 male patients with alcoholic (49) and viral (9) cirrhosis. The concentrations of serum vitamin D3, PTH, osteocalcin and b-carboxy-ter - minal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (b-CTX) were determined. Bone density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the L1-L4 spinal segment and the femoral neck.
Results Lower bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 41 patients (70.7%). There was no significant correlation between PTH and vitamin D3 values and T score in the femoral neck (p=0.51; p=0.063) and lumbar spine (p=0.49; 0.064). Also, no significant correlation was found between the osteocalcin values in lumbar spine BMD (p=0.944) and femoral neck (p=0.161), or with b-CTX values and BMD in the lumbar spine (p=0.347) and femoral neck (p=0.73). Statistically significant difference was confirmed between the stage A osteocalcin (p=0.000) and b- CTX (p=0.008) values in relation to advanced stages B and C.
To What Extent are Stock Returns Driven by Mean and Volatility Spillover Effects? – Evidence from Eight European Stock Markets
Authors: Alikhanov Abdulla 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The paper investigates mean and volatility spillover effects from the U.S and EU stock markets as well as oil price market into national stock markets of eight European countries. The study finds strong indication of volatility spillover effects from the US-global, EU-regional, and the world factor oil towards individual stock markets. While both mean and volatility spillover transmissions from the US are found to be significant, EU mean spillover effects are negligible. To evaluate the magnitude of volatility spillovers, the variance ratios are also computed and the results draw to attention that the individual emerging countries’ stock returns are mostly influenced by the U.S volatility spillovers rather than EU or oil markets. Additionally, examination of only global and regional stock markets spillover transmissions into European stock markets also confirms the dominating presence of the U.S spillover transmissions. Furthermore, I also implement asymmetric tests on stock returns of eight markets. The stock market returns of Hungary, Poland, Russia and the Ukraine are found to respond asymmetrically to negative and positive shocks in the US stock returns. The weak evidence of asymmetric effects with respect to oil market shocks is found only in the case of Russia and the quantified variance ratios indicate that presence of oil market shocks are relatively higher for Russia. Moreover, a model with dummy variable confirms the effect of European Union enlargement on stock returns only for Romania. Finally, a conditional model suggests that the spillover effects are partially explained by instrumental macroeconomic variables, out of which exchange rate fluctuations play the key role in explaining the spillover parameters rather than total trade to GDP ratios in most investigated countries.
Transparency in the Allocation of Municipal Grants for Sports and Voucher Systems in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pavlík Marek 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper will assess transparency in the decision-making process in sports grants allocation. In comparison with other parts of the public sector, surprisingly little is known about transparency in the sports sector. An increasing portion of public funds is spent on sport grants; this establishes the necessity for research. Can any positive effects of sports grants be expected to appear without transparency in the decisionmaking process? An examination of the process in reality is crucial for future public resources allocation. Based on the general assumption that NGOs are important actors in economic and political development, we address the Czech Republic at the municipal level.
The main goals of this paper are to assess the transparency of the allocation of public grants for sport organizations on the municipal level in the Czech Republic and to discuss one possible method for improving system transparency and efficiency: vouchers.
We discuss sport vouchers as a possible tool for improving transparency. Vouchers solve the problem of transparency in the decision-making process by transferring the purchasing power to the client. Although using sports vouchers as a tool for allocating public resources is quite rare, there are a few examples of this practice in the Czech Republic. We established two research questions: (1) Do sport clubs perceive the allocation of sport grants at the municipality level as transparent? (2) Do sport clubs consider a voucher system as helpful for the transparency? To answer these questions, we discuss the theory and specific conditions in the Czech Republic; we perform a survey among sport clubs and we examine examples of voucher implementation; and we discuss the general consequences of our results.
Application of Dic Technique for Monitoring of Deformation Process of Spr Hybrid Joints / Zastosowanie Techniki Dic Do Obserwacji Procesu Deformacji Hybrydowych Połaczen Typu Spr
Authors: Sadowski T. , Knec M. 
Published: April 2013

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique gives possibility to observe deformation process in many applications including self-piercing riveting (SPR) hybrid joint. The hybrid SPR joint consists of simple SPR joint made of two adherends, steel tubular rivet (total length of 5 mm) and an adhesive. The adhesive was applied before piercing process. For specimen preparation two different aluminum alloys were used: 2024 and 5005 (2mm thickness both) with tensile strength 400 and 160MPa, respectively.
For better understanding of joint forming process and to allow DIC strains observation during the joint creation, a special holder was designed with precisely polished die. The tests were performed by application of the 100kN servo-hydraulic machine, which recorded time, load, displacement and was synchronized with the DIC system.
The joint forming process was carried out with 2 mm/min constant speed. During piercing process rivet and upper surface of the adherend were observed and the major strain states were estimated. The uniaxial tensile tests of single lap joints (SLJ) up to the final failure were performed and the displacements and the strains were recorded. In particular the rivet deformation was observed also during the whole loading process.
The hybrid SPR joints are very effective, because the load capacity and energy absorption increase more than 1.5 times in comparison to the simple SPR joints.
An Sem/Ebsd Study of Shear Bands Formation in Al-0.23%wt.Zr Alloy Deformed in Plane Strain Compression / Krystalograficzne Aspekty Formowania Sie Pasm Scinania W Stopie Al-0.23%Wag.Zr Odkształcanym W Próbie Nieswobodnego Sciskania
Authors: Paul H. , Uliasz P. , Miszczyk M. , Skuza W. , Knych T. 
Published: April 2013

The crystal lattice rotations induced by shear bands formation have been examined in order to investigate the influence of grain boundaries on slip propagation and the resulting texture evolution. The issue was analysed on Al-0.23wt.%Zr alloy as a representative of face centered cubic metals with medium-to-high stacking fault energy. After solidification, the microstructure of the alloy was composed of flat, twin-oriented, large grains. The samples were cut-off from the as-cast ingot in such a way that the twinning planes were situated almost parallel to the compression plane. The samples were then deformed at 77K in channel-die up to strains of 0.69. To correlate the substructure with the slip patterns, the deformed specimens were examined by SEM equipped with a field emission gun and electron backscattered diffraction facilities.
Microtexture measurements showed that strictly defined crystal lattice re-orientations occurred in the sample volumes situated within the area of the broad macroscopic shear bands (MSB), although the grains initially had quite different crystallographic orientations. Independently of the grain orientation, their crystal lattice rotated in such a way that one of the f111g slip planes became nearly parallel to the plane of maximum shear. This facilitates the slip propagation across the grain boundaries along the shear direction without any visible variation in the slip plane. A natural consequence of this rotation is the formation of specific MSB microtextures which facilitates slip propagation across grain boundaries.
Structural Analysis of Sinter with Titanium Addition / Analiza Strukturalna Spieku Z Dodatkiem Tytanu
Authors: Fröhlichová M. , Findorák R. , Legemza J. 
Published: April 2013

Paper presents the results from the study of the effect of materials with titanium addition on the strength properties of the iron ore sinter.
The sinters with TiO2 addition or without TiO2 addition prepared in laboratory were applied in this research and were compared based on the structural and phase composition. Exploited was the method of the X-ray diffraction and method of elemental EDX analysis applying the electron raster microscope with the energo-dispersion analyser. Confirmed was the relationship between the sinter structure and its strength. Higher strength of the sinter without TiO2 addition is the result of the different phase composition of the compared sinters. In the sinter production considered should be not only the chemical composition of the entry components of the charge and the chemical composition of the final product but also its structural and phase composition.
Electrodeposition and Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni-Based Alloys with Refractory Metal from Citrate Baths / Elektroosadzanie I Własciwosci Nanokrystalicznych Stopów Na Osnowie Niklu Z Trudnotopliwym Metalem Z Kapieli Cytrynianowych
Authors: Bigos A. , Bełtowska-Lehman E. , Indyka P. , Szczerba M. J. , Kot M. , Grobelny M. 
Published: April 2013

The main aim of the present work was to determine the optimal conditions for electrodeposition of metallic Ni-Mo coatings of enhanced micromechanical properties. These alloys were electrodeposited on the ferritic steel substrate, under galvanostatic regime in a system with a rotating disk electrode (RDE), from an aqueous citrate complex solution containing nickel and molybdenum salts. The effect of the electrolyte solution pH (adjusted by sulphuric acid or ammonia) on the molybdenum content and on deposit quality as well as on the current efficiency of the electrodeposition process, has been studied. It was established that increase of bath pH is correlated with gradual increase of molybdenum content in deposits up to pH 7, where the maximum concentration of Mo(VI) electroactive citrate complex ions [MoO4(Cit)H]4- (Cit= C6H5O7-3 ) in plating bath was observed. In the selected bath of the optimum pH value, the effect of cathodic current density, as a crucial operating parameter which strongly controls the chemical composition and microstructure parameters (e.g. phase compositions, crystallite size), on the mechanical and tribological properties of the resulting coatings has been determined. It has been shown that - under all investigated current density range - crack-free, well adherent Ni-Mo coatings, characterized by microhardness of 6.5-7.8
GPa, were obtained. Alloys deposited at higher tested current densities (above 3.5 A/dm2) were characterized by compact and uniform microstructure, and thus had the highest wear and friction resistance.
The Influence of a 7-Week Preparatory Period on Hormonal and Metabolic Responses in Soccer Players / Metabolic and Hormonal Response to Training
Authors: Opaszowski Benedykt H. , Tyc Zbigniew , Obmiński Zbigniew , Danielik Tomasz , Korkuć Marcin , Długołȩcka Barbara 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the metabolic and hormonal response of soccer players to maximum effort (test for determining anaerobic threshold changes - PPA) carried out under field conditions within a training cycle, which included a preparation period of about 7 weeks. Materials and methods. In blood samples of the 20 subjects the concentrations of lactate was determined, (LA) in whole blood, also including cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and growth hormone (GH) in blood plasma, during a running exercise performed according to the formula for determination of PPA. The heart rate (HR) was recorded during the running exercise. Threshold speed was determined based on OBLA. The tests were carried out twice: at the beginning and at the end of the seventh week preparatory period. Results. The training increased the threshold speed by an average of 0.4 m/s, lower concentrations of LA during the second test and less severe changes in HR. Endurance of the tested athletes increased at more favourable hormonal response with respect to cortisol nd and GH. The endurance component in the training, in the 2nd test resulted in lower resting testosterone levels, which did not affect the metabolic balance. The ratio of testosterone to cortisol (T/C), its growth after the period of training, showed a more stable anabolic-catabolic balance, which justifies the validity of the training assumptions in this period. Conclusions. The study confirmed the usefulness of metabolic-endocrine indicators in the monitoring the physiological response of athletes to exercise, as well as beneficial changes in the process of adaptation of bodies of athletes subjected to training.
Selected Cognitive And Emotional Resources Of Untrained Youth And Young Wrestlers
Authors: Rutkowska Katarzyna , Gierczuk Dariusz 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Introduction. Wrestling is a sport that requires proper physical and mental preparation. The authors present selected psychological resources, emotional intelligence and creative attitude, as factors influencing the broadly defined mastery, both in the area of sport and out of it. These variables guarantee better adaptation to changing conditions and they are also connected with the effectiveness of handling different situations and optimal problem solving. The aim of the study was to diagnose emotional intelligence and creative attitude among young female and male wrestlers. Material and methods. The study included 20 females from the regional team of cadets and juniors and 19 male wrestlers from the sports school. The control group consisted of two deliberately selected groups of untrained students - 20 girls and 19 boys. KANH and INTE questionnaires were used in the study. Results. In the three groups under investigation medium levels of emotional intelligence and creative vs. reproductive attitude were observed. It was only female wrestlers who manifested low levels of emotional intelligence which, similar to the levels of nonconformity, heuristic thinking and creative attitude, were lower than in female students from the control group. The female wrestlers demonstrated higher levels of conformity and reproductive attitude. Female students demonstrated higher levels of emotional intelligence and conformity than male students. No differences between male and female wrestlers were observed. Conclusions. The findings show that it is necessary to conduct longitudinal research on athletes and untrained individuals. Bearing in mind that learning a motoric task depends, inter alia, on intellectual and emotional factors, the authors also recommend another course of research, i.e. the verification of how these variables are related to the effectiveness of learning motoric tasks. The authors' own research results as well as further (planned) investigations will make it possible to profile various educational effects and deliberately strengthen the potential of young wrestlers.