bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a social-ecological forest landscape restoration assessment framework: a review
Authors: Löhr Katharina , Eshetu Shibire Bekele , Moluh Njoya Hamza , Hagan Jonathan Antwi , Gebremedhin Asmelash Tesfaye , Hounkpati Kossi , Raharinaivo Hamy , Rakoto Ratsimba Harifidy , Bekele Tsegaye , Adjonou Kossi , Kokou Kouami , Sieber Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe urgency to restore landscapes to counteract deforestation, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss has resulted in a global commitment to landscape restoration. Many frameworks and tools have emerged for the design and implementation of restoration activities. The frameworks tend to focus on selected dimensions of sustainability, with the majority focusing on the ecological. Current frameworks miss a balanced assessment of (planned) interventions taking into account also the social dimension relating to participation and ownership as well as improvement of livelihoods. The objective of this review is to assess current frameworks for identification of strength and weaknesses and to derive an integrated Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) assessment framework model that shall help overcome current limitations. Applying systematic literature review, a total of 22 frameworks are selected and analyzed in-depth applying qualitative content analysis. Our review finds that frameworks vary with respect to their focus and restoration objectives. They also differ in relation to spatial and temporal scale, degree of stakeholder participation, consideration of ecological and social dimensions, monitoring and evaluation approaches, as well as provisions for exit strategies. Findings are summarized in form of an integrated FLR assessment framework, comprising six interlinked components: stakeholder participation, customization, time and scale of application, social-ecological balance, monitoring, evaluation and learning, and exit strategy. The proposed framework facilitates design and implementation of context specific interventions, balancing the nexus of social and ecological dimensions of FLR and acknowledges the need to also include reflection on learnings and planning of an exit strategy for long-term success.
Graphical Abstract
Sustainable AI and the third wave of AI ethics: a structural turn
Authors: Bolte Larissa , van Wynsberghe Aimee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the introduction of the concept of Sustainable AI, considerations of the environmental impact of the technology have begun to enter AI ethics discussions. This, Aimee van Wynsberghe suggests, constitutes a new “third wave of AI ethics” which yet needs to be ushered in. In this paper, we ask what is entailed by Sustainable AI that should warrant such special accentuation. Do we find simply run-of-the-mill AI ethics applied to an environmental context? Or does Sustainable AI constitute a true a “game-changer”? We engage in a discussion about what the “waves of AI ethics” ought to mean and the criteria for labelling a wave as such. We argue that the third wave of AI ethics rests on a turn towards a structural approach for uncovering ethical issues on a broader scale, often paired with an analysis of power structures that prevent the uncovering of these issues.
Examining the non-linear impact of fossil and renewable energy consumption on Vietnam’s ecological footprint: insights from the asymmetric ARDL approach
Authors: Nam Le Phuong , Hang Nguyen Thi Bich , Van Song Nguyen , Eluriagac Louie Marie T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVietnam’s economy is rapidly growing, marked by an increasing reliance on fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, resulting in unsustainable consumption patterns. The primary objective is to investigate the implications of renewable and non-renewable resource consumption on the overall resource availability over the long term, as indicated by the ecological footprint. Furthermore, the study incorporates economic growth to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Vietnam. Methodologically, the study adopts the asymmetric Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, utilizing time-series data ranging from 1986 to 2022. The findings highlight that Vietnam’s economic growth still use more natural resources while compromising the overall ecological reserve. Furthermore, the research findings suggest that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis does not hold in the context of Vietnam. Specifically, the increasing share of primary energy sourced from fossil fuels is observed to coincide with an increase in demand in ecological footprint. In contrast, an increase in primary energy consumption from renewable sources demonstrates a marked reduction in natural resource demand over the long term. Several strategies are recommended to enhance the resilience of environmental resources, such as adopting new and energy-efficient technologies is necessary within the industrial sector, promote the utilization of renewable energy sources, enhance waste management systems, transition from conventional energy to renewable sources in both production and consumption and the formulation of legislation on renewable energy usage.
Pressureless sintering kinetics analysis of Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC powdered MAX phases
Authors: Córdoba Gallego José M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper reports the pressureless sintering behavior and the activation energy of the powdered MAX phases Ti3SiC2and Ti2AlC. A non-isothermal technique was used to determine the sintering kinetic parameter. The Ti3SiC2and Ti2AlC MAX phases showed the maximum sintering rate at 1723 K, 0.14 and 0.10 µm/s, respectively. The sintering rate of the sample at different temperatures followed a cubic equation which was determined. The sintering activation energy (Ea) for the Ti3SiC2and Ti2AlC samples was 362.1 kJ/mol and 640.3 kJ/mol, respectively.
Scaffold-free development of multicellular tumor spheroids with spatial characterization of structure and metabolic radial profiles
Authors: Bess Shelby N. , Smart Gaven K. , Igoe Matthew J. , Muldoon Timothy J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose

In vitro assays are essential for studying cellular biology, but traditional monolayer cultures fail to replicate the complex three-dimensional (3D) interactions of cells in living organisms. 3D culture systems offer a more accurate reflection of the cellular microenvironment. However, 3D cultures require robust and unique methods of characterization.

Methods
The goal of this study was to create a 3D spheroid model using cancer cells and macrophages, and to demonstrate a custom image analysis program to assess structural and metabolic changes across spheroid microregions.

Results
Structural characterization shows that cells at the necrotic core show high normalized fluorescence intensities of CD206 (M2 macrophages), cellular apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, CC3), and hypoxia (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) compared to the proliferative edge, which shows high normalized fluorescence intensities of CD80 (M1 macrophages) and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Metabolic characterization was performed using multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Results show that the mean NADH lifetime at the necrotic core (1.011 ± 0.086 ns) was lower than that at the proliferative edge (1.105 ± 0.077 ns). The opposite trend is shown in the A1/A2 ratio (necrotic core: 4.864 ± 0.753; proliferative edge: 4.250 ± 0.432).

Conclusion
Overall, the results of this study show that 3D multicellular spheroid models can provide a reliable solution for studying tumor biology, allowing for the evaluation of discrete changes across all spheroid microregions.
Impact of cluster farming on wheat productivity and net benefit among smallholder farmers in Lemu-Bilbilo and Hetosa districts of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Degefu Sura , Sileshi Million , Ogeto Mohammed Aman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on identifying the determinants of cluster farming participation decisions and the impact of cluster farming on smallholder wheat farmer’s productivity in the two districts of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. The study utilized cross-sectional data and a multistage sampling procedure to select a total of 381 respondents from the two districts of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. The endogenous switching regression model was employed to achieve the research objectives. The study result indicates that sex of the household head, education level, size of cultivated land, access to training, membership in a farmer's cooperative, access to information and social responsibility of the household head influenced cluster farming participation positively and significantly, while distance from the nearest market had a negative and significant effect on cluster farming participation. Furthermore, the study shows that, if participants had decided not to practice cluster farming, their wheat yield and net benefit would have decreased by 33.57 and 40.08%, respectively. Similarly, had non-participants decided to participate, their wheat yield and net benefit would have increased by 46.79 and 102.49%, respectively. The study recommends that policymakers and development organizations should consider cluster farming as a main strategy to increase smallholder farmer’s productivity. Moreover, the study calls for government and institutional assistance in the areas of education services, training, extension services, infrastructure (particularly access to markets), and cooperative development. Moreover, policy and development measures should address the issue of gender disparities in cluster farming participation.
The Association of Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity with Internal Carotid Artery Blood Flow in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sultan Salahaden R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Arteriosclerosis significantly impacts cardiovascular health. Pulse wave velocity has emerged as a valuable non-invasive method for assessing arterial stiffness. A negative association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and cerebral blood flow has been reported, suggesting a link between arterial stiffness and reduced cerebral blood flow. We aimed to determine whether a correlation exists between cfPWV and blood flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and to assess the influence of age and body mass index (BMI) on cfPWV in healthy individuals.

Methods
Thirty-six healthy subjects (23 males and 13 females) with no underlying medical conditions and who were not on regular medications were enrolled in the study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring the cfPWV using Vicorder® software. ICA blood flow parameters were measured using high-resolution ultrasound. ICA diameter was measured using automated edge-detection software.

Results
Significant positive correlations were found between cfPWV and age (Spearman’s rho coefficient 0.33, p = 0.04), BMI (Spearman’s rho coefficient 0.32, p = 0.05), and ICA diameter (Pearson’s coefficient 0.35, p = 0.03). No significant correlations were observed between cfPWV and ICA peak systolic velocities (PSV; p = 0.22), or resistive index (RI; p = 0.76), nor between age and ICA diameter (p = 0.42), PSV (p = 0.09), or RI (p = 0.89).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between arterial stiffness, age, and BMI in a healthy population, along with an association between increased ICA diameter and arterial stiffness. The lack of correlation between cfPWV and ICA blood flow parameters suggests that the ICA may dilate as a compensatory mechanism to mitigate the effects of increased arterial stiffness, ensuring optimal cerebral blood flow in healthy individuals.
Preliminary development of the Survey on Flourishing: measuring subjective well-being in an adolescent sample
Authors: Salazar Gus C. , Warren Jared S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescent subjective well-being is a topic that has gained significant focus over recent years. This focus is reflected in forming measurement tools and interventions to better understand better and improve adolescent mental health. While these steps are necessary, problems still exist regarding adolescent subjective well-being measurement. Notably, current measurement tools are limited in their content, applicability to various populations, and accessibility.

Aims
This paper examines the psychometric properties of the Survey on Flourishing (SURF) when used with an adolescent sample from the United States.

Method
A sample of 334 participants participated in the present study. We examined the reliability and validity of the SURF by examining its internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. We also examined the factor structure of the SURF using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results
The SURF demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.92), a strong positive correlation with convergent measures, and a weak negative correlation with a discriminant measure. A one-factor model best fits the observed data.

Conclusion
The SURF demonstrated good psychometric properties and addressed several shortcomings in current measures. Preliminary data suggests the SURF may be a useful and practical measure of adolescent subjective well-being.
Convergent antitrust regulation of the digital economy in China, the European Union and the United States: mirror of an intensifying geopolitical competition
Authors: Ma Aifang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChina, the European Union, and the United States are the three largest digital economies in the world. This article compares the antitrust regulation of the digital economy in the three regions after the 2000s. It argues that over time, the antitrust regulation of the digital economy in the three regions tends to converge along three dimensions: growing separation of the antitrust regulation of the digital economy from that of the other economic sectors, convergence of regulatory objectives, and convergence of regulatory methods. In combination with the geopoliticization of the platform economy, this article argues that four factors have contributed to shape such convergence: (1) historical factors, (2) globalization of the digital economy, (3) increasing policy imitation and policy competition among the major digital powers of the world, (4) support from the civil society.
Comparison of the mechanical characteristics of biocomposites of unsaturated polyester resin with cellulose extracted from corn silk and treated corn silk
Authors: Ali Md. Farhad , Shabur Md. Abdus , Safiur Rahman G. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to extract cellulose from corn silk (CS) fiber and use it as a reinforcing filler in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix. In this study, the cellulose is characterized using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and the resulting UPR/cellulose biocomposite's mechanical properties (such as flexural and impact testing) are assessed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided strong support for mechanical rather than a chemical bond between fiber and UPR. Additionally, the sodium hydroxide treated CS in UPR biocomposite and comparing it with neat UPR. The agricultural byproduct rich in cellulose corn silk is a natural polymer known for its structural strength and UPR has garnered attention as a biopolymer with notable flexibility, making it an appealing choice for plastic product manufacturing. However, the drawback of UPR lies in its inherent deficiency in both stiffness and strength. According to the FTIR data, extracted cellulose (CS) had fewer ketone (C = O) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups than virgin cellulose. It was shown that throughout the extraction process, hemicellulose and lignin were more eliminated, producing a more pure form of cellulose. When filled in UPR, cellulose and treated CS both caused the impact strength of UPR biocomposites to drop. For both treated CS and cellulose, it was shown that the flexural modulus and flexural strength increased as the filler amount increased to a definite percentage (12%) after which it decreased. The result revealed the tensile strength and tensile modulus achieved by 0% of fiber with 48 N/mm2 and 51 N/mm2 and highest at 12% of fiber with 54.3 N/mm2 and 68.8 N/mm2 for CS + UPR. And 53.4 N/mm2 and 69.6 N/mm2 for cellulose + UPR composite,, respectively. In comparison, the flexural characteristics of UPR/cellulose were marginally inferior to those of UPR/treated CS. However, the impact resistance showed a significant improvement, particularly with a cellulose loading of 12%. Hence, cellulose presents a greater potential for composite manufacturing due to its ability to maintain the ductile properties of UPR compared to treated CS. Moreover, processed CS and cellulose both can be used as reinforcing agents in polymers to increase their strength and stiffness.
From organic farming to agroecology farming, what challenges do organic farmers face in Central Uganda?
Authors: Dagoudo Bienvenu Akowedaho , Ssekyewa Charles , Ssekandi Joseph , Ngom Khady , Naigaga Hellen , Moumouni Ismail M. , Noba Kandioura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRevealed as a production system that does not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides, organic farming is recognized as ecological production and has been institutionalized in Uganda. Organic production continues to face the challenges of what is considered agroecology farming, which is viewed nowadays as an opportunity for creating new value chains and food systems for agricultural production based on protecting the environment and supplying nutritious and safe foods to society. This paper focuses on agroecology farming indicators to assess organic farming in order to highlight the challenges organic farmers face in implementing agroecology practices. The data collection was carried out in 5 districts in Central Uganda: Wakiso, Masaka, Bukomansimbi, Ssembabule, and Kyotera. A multiple-stage stratified sampling was used to select 310 organic farmers in 5 districts. Various representations and correlation analyses of agroecology indicators have been conducted using descriptive statistics and correlation tests. The findings show that 51.9% of organic farmer respondents have at least three crops produced in the local climate for a long time, and 58.71% of organic farming has medium integration (animal feed is mostly self-produced and grazed, and their manure is used for compost and fertilizer). It highlights that seeds and animal genetics are self-produced, neighbor farms exchange them, and some specifics are purchased at local markets for 51.61% organic farming. The results revealed that 61.61% of organic farms visited had half of the arable soil covered with organic residues. The correlation test revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between diversity animal genetics and crop and livestock integration (r = 0.674, p < 0.01), between harvesting and saving water systems and resilience and adaptability to climate variability (r = 0.546, p < 0.01), and between diversity crops and diversity activities and services (r = 0.523, p < 0.01). Despite the interdependence of organic farming's agroecology practices, most residues and waste are not recycled or reused as organic fertilizer, and organic farmers have limited equipment to harvest and save water for production. This is an opportunity for organic stakeholders to invest in organic residues and waste recycled equipment in order to create a new value chain for organic production by producing organic fertilizers and biopesticides.
Do Perceived Benefits Compensate for Low Provider Trustworthiness in Disclosure Decisions?
Authors: Gieselmann Miriam , Hagedorn Josephine , Sassenberg Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract: People regularly receive algorithm-based recommendations (e.g., in social media and online shopping). Today, such algorithmic recommendations cover a wider range of applications, such as finding recipes that match an individual’s needs and food preferences. To give better-fitting recommendations, algorithms incorporate large amounts of personal information about the individual, which raises the issue of privacy concerns. When are people willing to share such information that can then be considered by algorithms? While previous research has indicated that perceived benefits of platform use and provider trustworthiness influence whether people are willing to disclose personal information, these studies often have two major limitations: they are either survey-based – thus, not allowing causal conclusions – or lack realistic usage (i.e., rely on vignettes). Thus, in the present experimental study ( N = 329), we manipulated provider trustworthiness and asked participants about their willingness to disclose information directly after interacting with an algorithm-based system for recipe recommendations. Results indicate that higher perceived benefits and provider trustworthiness are related to more willingness to disclose information. However, these effects are independent of each other. Thus, the present research suggests that provider trustworthiness causally leads to a higher willingness to share information and high benefits do not compensate for low provider trustworthiness.
Quantifying Downward Radiative Fluxes From Nighttime Martian Water Ice Clouds: Applications to Thermal Modeling of Surface Temperatures
Authors: Gary‐Bicas C. E. , Rogers A. D. , Piqueux S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring the first part of the Martian year (Ls = 50°–160°) a phenomenon occurs on Mars in the tropical and equatorial regions (30°N–10°S) known as the Aphelion Cloud Belt (ACB). During this time, there is prominent formation and diurnal variability of water ice clouds. Limited empirical attempts have been made to characterize the magnitude of radiative flux contributions from clouds to nighttime surface temperatures. In this work, we estimated the infrared (IR) flux contribution at ground level from the clouds by comparing surface temperature data from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) to calculated temperatures using the KRC numerical thermal model. We then generated a database of IR fluxes at the ground contributed by clouds spanning the entirety of the tropical and equatorial regions as a function of Solar Longitude (Ls) on Mars in one degree bins. We compared results with work presented elsewhere in the literature and found good agreement. We also found that temporal trends followed the general established range for the ACB but our analysis demonstrated the peak ACB values occurred at later times (Ls = 100°–140°) than previously published data sets using water ice opacity retrievals (Ls = 90°–110°). This database may be used in comparison to calculated Global Climate Model fluxes as well as a lookup tool for more precise estimation of surface and subsurface thermal environments in these regions.
Dust Emissions on Mars From Phoenix Lidar Measurements in Relation to Local Meteorological Conditions
Authors: Kahnert M. , Ceolato R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of dust aerosols on Mars is studied by analyzing lidar observations at the Phoenix landing site under cloud‐ and fog‐free conditions and in the absence of elevated, long‐range transported dust layers. There is a pronounced diurnal cycle in the dust‐layer height with minimum heights of 4–6 km occurring between 11:00 and 17:00 local time. The ratio of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) within the lowermost 2 km to the total AOD reaches peak values at the same time. This can be explained by local dust emissions driven by the diurnal cycle of heating and cooling in the boundary layer. Analysis of wind and pressure measurements show that the gustiness of surface winds and the frequency of convective vortices undergo diurnal variations resembling those of AOD, indicating that these processes are the main drivers for local dust emissions.