bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Étude comparative de 3 tests de « copies de figures » utilisés chez l'enfant : Beery VMI, NEPSY et DTVP-2
Authors: Barray Valérie , Deborde Anne-Sophie , Galbiati Cécilia , Jaouen Gaëlle , Lefévère Gwenaëlle , Palu Marie 
Published: December 2013

Résumé Dans notre pratique d’ergothérapeutes, nous relevons fréquemment des différences notables de résultats d’un même patient à trois tests de copie de figures, utilisées en pédiatrie dans le domaine des troubles d’apprentissage. Cette étude compare ces trois épreuves : celle du « Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration » 4 e version de Beery et Buktenica, 1997 (Beery VMI), celle de la « NEPSY, bilan neuropsychologique de l’enfant » de Korkman, Kirk et Kemp, 2003 (Nepsy) et celle du « Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 » de Hammill, Pearson et Voress, 1993 (DTVP-2). Leur présentation détaillée montre des différences : matériels, propriétés psychométriques, notations et étalonnages. Une comparaison des résultats obtenus à ces trois épreuves auprès de 90 enfants de 6 à 10 ans est réalisée. Après normalisation des données, l’étude de corrélation montre un lien unissant ces trois épreuves. Mais l’analyse de variance multivariée par mesures répétées révèle une différence significative entre les moyennes. Plusieurs hypothèses sont proposées pour expliquer les différences retrouvées. Afin d’éviter le biais introduit par les différences culturelles entre enfants américains et français, les auteurs préconisent l’utilisation de l’épreuve de « Copie de figures » de la NEPSY pour comparer la performance du sujet testé avec celles de ses pairs. Celle du Beery VMI est recommandée quand il s’agit d’évaluer la performance de l’enfant dans une trajectoire développementale.
Etude d'un profil neuropsychologique relevant du syndrome de Gerstmann développemental
Authors: Walch Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2013

Résumé Le syndrome de Gerstmann développemental (SGD) est un désordre neurodéveloppemental caractérisé par la présence d’une tétrade de symptômes : agnosie digitale, dyscalculie, dysgraphie et désorientation droite-gauche. Bien que l’existence de ce désordre en tant que réelle entité syndromique soit largement controversée, l’association de symptômes qui est censée s’y référer ne manque pas d’intérêt. Elle constitue un terrain propice à l’abord conceptuel du domaine de l’acquisition des compétences arithmétiques et contribue notamment à la tenue de débats constructifs concernant la relation entre performances perceptivo-tactiles et numériques. Dans ce contexte, le présent document propose la description du profil neuropsychologique d’un enfant dont les capacités exprimées recoupent les critères diagnostiques relevant du SGD. Les données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies sont analysées et discutées d’un point de vue théorique. Les résultats obtenus permettent, avec toute la prudence nécessaire, d’évoquer conjointement la question de l’implication d’un système neurocognitif spécifique dans les performances numériques et de l’existence de retombées pathologiques de ses éventuelles anomalies développementales.
Phénotype cognitif des enfants atteints de neurofibromatose de type 1
Authors: Hachon-Le Camus Caroline , Iannuzzi Stéphanie , Béraud-Majorel Carole , Chaix Yves 
Published: December 2013

Résumé La neurofibromatose de type 1 (NF1) est une des maladies génétiques les plus fréquentes de l’enfant. Environ 50 % des enfants atteints présentent des troubles des apprentissages, en particulier de la lecture. Cette revue s’intéresse aux différents niveaux explicatifs de ces troubles, en se basant sur les déficits cognitifs observés chez ces enfants et sur les récents résultats des études en imagerie et sur des modèles animaux.
Approche neuropsychologique du fonctionnement attentionnel chez un ancien grand prématuré âgé de 10 ans
Authors: Walch Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2013

Les fonctions attentionnelles sont régulièrement décrites comme un domaine perturbé en cas de naissance avant terme, y compris chez les enfants indemnes de séquelles neurologiques avérées. Les études réalisées chez ce type particulier de population posent la question de l’influence d’une prématurité à faible risque de survenue d’un déficit neurodéveloppemental sur le fonctionnement cognitif, notamment attentionnel. Dans le cadre conceptuel considérant l’attention comme pouvant être fractionnée en différents processus, la passation d’une batterie modulaire informatisée (kiTAP) a été proposée à un ancien grand prématuré de 10 ans correspondant aux critères précités. Les données recueillies montrent une préservation de la fonction d’alerte et un manque patent de contrôle inhibiteur ainsi que de capacités d’orientation/réorientation de l’attention. Elles soulignent encore l’impact des difficultés de contrôle inhibiteur sur la performance attentionnelle d’ensemble et suggèrent que cet impact se manifeste au travers d’un déséquilibre dans la dynamique développementale entre alerte et inhibition. Une grande prématurité, même à « faible risque », pourrait ainsi modifier subtilement le fonctionnement cérébral, ici au niveau des opérations attentionnelles. Ces mêmes données s’inscrivent dans le courant théorique considérant l’attention comme relevant de processus à la fois distincts et inclus dans un système d’ordre intégratif.
Dyspraxie/trouble de l'acquisition de la coordination et écriture manuelle, partie 1 : Présentation d'une méthode d'apprentissage
Authors: Barray Valérie 
Published: December 2013

La fréquence et les caractéristiques des difficultés d’écriture manuelle des enfants porteurs de dyspraxie/TAC sont présentées au travers d’études récentes. Dans le cadre du modèle de la Classification Internationale du Fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé, différentes méthodes destinées aux enfants porteurs de dyspraxie/trouble de l’acquisition de la coordination afin d’améliorer leur écriture manuelle, sont ensuite inventoriées. Puis une méthode d’apprentissage de l’écriture manuelle est décrite en détail au travers d’une étude de cas : son utilisation auprès d’un jeune garçon de 8 ans, présentant une dyspraxie, montre un résultat encourageant, 18 mois après le début de l’apprentissage, avec une qualité d’écriture en rapport avec son niveau scolaire actuel. Sa vitesse d’écriture est, par contre, beaucoup plus lente que celle de ses pairs, mais comparable à celle des garçons avec un niveau similaire de pratique. Ces résultats et les caractéristiques de cette méthode sont discutés à la lumière des connaissances actuelles.
Trouble de l'acquisition de la coordination et troubles de l'écriture : peut-on parler de comorbidité ?
Authors: Jover Marianne 
Published: December 2013

La comorbidité dans les troubles développementaux a une importance théorique mais aussi clinique, il est cependant important de définir ce qu’on entend par « comorbidité ». Le terme de comorbidité désigne toute entité diagnostique additionnelle qui apparait ou existe durant l’histoire clinique d’un patient (Feinstein, 1970). Cette acception nécessite toutefois d’être précisée dans le contexte des classifications diagnostiques des troubles mentaux. Il s’agit en effet de définir si des liens existent entre les deux pathologies concomitantes. Pour ce qui concerne la dysgraphie et le trouble de l’acquisition de la coordination (TAC), plusieurs éléments permettent de répondre à la question posée dans le titre. Tout d’abord, les classifications usuelles ne comportent pas la catégorie « dysgraphie », qui n’est donc pas une entité diagnostique à proprement parler. Ensuite, un certain nombre de recherches montre que dysgraphie et TAC sont très fréquemment présents en même temps, ce qui suggère l’existence d’un dysfonctionnement commun. Enfin, les modèles d’explication de la dysgraphie envisagent, dans leur très grande majorité, diverses origines à ce trouble, écartant ipso facto l’hypothèse d’une entité morbide unique. En conséquence, il nous paraît inapproprié d’utiliser le terme de comorbidité pour rendre compte de la présence d’une dysgraphie chez un enfant présentant un TAC.
Experiences of Kenyan healthcare workers providing services to men who have sex with men: qualitative findings from a sensitivity training programme
Authors: van der Elst Elise M , Gichuru Evans , Omar Anisa , Kanungi Jennifer , Duby Zoe , Midoun Miriam , Shangani Sylvia , Graham Susan M , Smith Adrian D , Sanders Eduard J , Operario Don 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) in Kenya are at high risk for HIV and may experience prejudiced treatment in health settings due to stigma. An on‐line computer‐facilitated MSM sensitivity programme was conducted to educate healthcare workers (HCWs) about the health issues and needs of MSM patients.MethodsSeventy‐four HCWs from 49 ART‐providing health facilities in the Kenyan Coast were recruited through purposive sampling to undergo a two‐day MSM sensitivity training. We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with programme participants prior to and three months after completing the training programme. Discussions aimed to characterize HCWs’ challenges in serving MSM patients and impacts of programme participation on HCWs’ personal attitudes and professional capacities.ResultsBefore participating in the training programme, HCWs described secondary stigma, lack of professional education about MSM, and personal and social prejudices as barriers to serving MSM clients. After completing the programme, HCWs expressed greater acknowledgement of MSM patients in their clinics, endorsed the need to treat MSM patients with high professional standards and demonstrated sophisticated awareness of the social and behavioural risks for HIV among MSM.ConclusionsFindings provide support for this approach to improving health services for MSM patients. Further efforts are needed to broaden the reach of this training in other areas, address identified barriers to HCW participation and evaluate programme effects on patient and HCW outcomes using rigorous methodology.
Epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers, their clients, men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs in West and Central Africa
Authors: Papworth Erin , Ceesay Nuha , An Louis , Thiam‐Niangoin Marguerite , Ky‐Zerbo Odette , Holland Claire , Dramé Fatou Maria , Grosso Ashley , Diouf Daouda , Baral Stefan D 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionThe West and Central Africa (WCA) sub‐region is the most populous region of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), with an estimated population of 356 million living in 24 countries. The HIV epidemic in WCA appears to have distinct dynamics compared to the rest of SSA, being more concentrated among key populations such as female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and clients of FSWs. To explore the epidemiology of HIV in the region, a systematic review of HIV literature among key populations in WCA was conducted since the onset of the HIV epidemic.MethodsWe searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL and others for peer‐reviewed articles regarding FSWs, MSM and PWID in 24 countries with no date restriction. Inclusion criteria were sensitive and focused on inclusion of any HIV prevalence data among key populations. HIV prevalence was pooled, and in each country key themes were extracted from the literature.ResultsThe search generated 885 titles, 214 abstracts and 122 full articles, of which 76 met inclusion and exclusion criteria providing HIV prevalence data. There were 60 articles characterizing the burden of disease among FSWs, eight for their clients, one for both, six for MSM and one for PWID. The pooled HIV prevalence among FSWs was 34.9% (n=14,388/41,270), among their clients was 7.3% (n=435/5986), among MSM was 17.7% (n=656/3714) and among PWID from one study in Nigeria was 3.8% (n=56/1459).ConclusionsThe disproportionate burden of HIV among FSWs appears to be consistent from the beginning of the HIV epidemic in WCA. While there are less data for other key populations such as clients of FSWs and MSM, the prevalence of HIV is higher among these men compared to other men in the region. There have been sporadic reports among PWID, but limited research on the burden of HIV among these men and women. These data affirm that the HIV epidemic in WCA appears to be far more concentrated among key populations than the epidemics in Southern and Eastern Africa. Evidence‐based HIV prevention, treatment and care programmes in WCA should focus on engaging populations with the greatest burden of disease in the continuum of HIV care.
Outcomes of a community‐based HIV‐prevention pilot programme for township men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Batist Elizabeth , Brown Benjamin , Scheibe Andrew , Baral Stefan D , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) in Cape Town's townships remain in need of targeted HIV‐prevention services. In 2012, a pilot community‐based HIV‐prevention programme was implemented that aimed to reach MSM in five Cape Town townships, disseminate HIV‐prevention information and supplies, and promote the use of condoms and HIV services.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit self‐identified MSM who were 18 years old or older in five Cape Town townships. The six‐month pilot programme trained five community leaders who, along with staff, provided HIV‐prevention information and supplies to MSM through small‐group meetings, community‐based social activities and inter‐community events. After the completion of the pilot programme, in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with a subset of conveniently sampled participants and with each of the community leaders. Qualitative data were then analyzed thematically.ResultsOverall, 98 mostly gay‐identified black MSM consented to participate, 57 community‐based activities were facilitated and 9 inter‐community events were conducted. Following their enrolment, 60% (59/98) of participants attended at least one pilot activity. Of those participants, 47% (28/59) attended at least half of the scheduled activities. A total of 36 participants took part in FGDs, and five in‐depth interviews were completed with community leaders. Participants reported gaining access to MSM‐specific HIV‐prevention information, condoms and water‐based lubricant through the small‐group meetings. Some participants described how their feelings of loneliness, social isolation, self‐esteem and self‐efficacy were improved after taking part.ConclusionsThe social activities and group meetings were viable strategies for disseminating HIV‐prevention information, condoms and water‐based lubricant to MSM in this setting. Many MSM were also able to receive social support, reduce social isolation and improve their self‐esteem. Further research is needed to explore factors affecting attendance and the sustainability of these activities. Perspectives of MSM who did not attend pilot activities regularly were not equally represented in the final qualitative interviews, which could bias the findings. The use of community‐based activities and small‐group meetings should be explored further as components to ongoing HIV‐prevention interventions for MSM in this setting.
Modification the Oxalic Co-precipitation Method on a Novel Catalyst Cu/Zn/Al2O3/Cr2O3 for Autothermal Reforming Reaction of Methanol
Authors: Kuo Cheng-Hsin , Lesmana Donny , Wu Ho-Shing 
Published: December 2013

This study addresses the catalytic performance of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 in low-temperature of autothermal reforming (ATR) reaction. Various operating conditions were used to decide the optimum reaction conditions: type of promoter (ZrO2, CeO2, and Cr2O3), precipitation temperature, precipitation pH, operation temperature, molar ratio of O2/CH3OH (O/C), and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). The catalysts were prepared using the oxalic coprecipitation method. Characterization of the catalyst was conducted using a porosity analyzer, XRD, and SEM. The methanol conversion and volumetric percentage of hydrogen using the best catalyst (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3) exceeded 93% and 43%, respectively. A catalyst prepared by precipitation at -5 oC and at pH of 1 converted methanol to 40% H2 and less than 3000 ppm CO at reaction temperature of 200 oC. The size and dispersion of copper and the degradation rate and turnover frequency of the catalyst was also calculated. Deactivation of the Cu catalyst at a reaction temperature of 200 oC occurred after 30 h. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Application of Cement Clinker as Ni-Catalyst Support for Glycerol Dry Reforming
Authors: Lee Hua Chyn , Siew Kah Weng , Gimbun Jolius , Cheng Chin Kui 
Published: December 2013

The increase in biodiesel production inevitably yield plethora of glycerol. Therefore, glycerol has been touted as the most promising source for bio-syngas (mixture of H2 and CO) production. Significantly, coking on nickel-based catalysts has been identified as a major deactivation factor in reforming technology. Indeed, coke-resistant catalyst development is essential to enhance syngas production. The current work develops cement clinker (comprised of 62.0% calcium oxide)-supported nickel catalyst (with metal loadings of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) for glycerol dry reforming (CO2). Physicochemical characterization of the catalysts was performed using XRD, XRF, BET, TGA and FESEM-EDS techniques. Subsequently, reaction studies were conducted in a 7-mm ID fixed-bed stainless steel reactor at 1023 K with various CO2 partial pressures at constant weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 7.2×104 ml gcat-1 h-1. Gas compositions were determined using Agilent 3000 micro-gas chromatography (GC) and Lancom III gas analyzer. Results obtained showed an increment of BET surface area up to 32-fold with Ni loading which was corroborated by FESEM images. Syngas (H2 and CO) ratios of less than 2 were being produced at 1023 K. A closer scrutiny to the transient profile revealed that the presence of CO2 higher or lower than CGR 1:1 promotes the Boudouard reaction. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Characterization of Cannabinoid Receptors
Authors: Cox Richard F. , Rash Vincent 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis unit describes the use of cannabinoid radioligands in competitive binding assays for determining affinity parameters (IC50, K
i) of unlabeled compounds at transfected CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed in cell lines. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 63:1.26.1‐1.26.10. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Safety Pharmacology
Authors: Goineau Sonia , Lemaire Martine , Froget Guillaume 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSafety pharmacology entails the assessment of the potential risks of novel pharmaceuticals for human use. As detailed in the ICH S7A guidelines, safety pharmacology for drug discovery involves a core battery of studies on three vital systems: central nervous (CNS), cardiovascular (CV), and respiratory. Primary CNS studies are aimed at defining compound effects on general behavior, locomotion, neuromuscular coordination, seizure threshold, and vigilance. The primary CV test battery includes an evaluation of proarrhythmic risk using in vitro tests (hERG channel and Purkinje fiber assays) and in vivo measurements in conscious animals via telemetry. Comprehensive cardiac risk assessment also includes full hemodynamic evaluation in a large, anesthetized animal. Basic respiratory function can be examined in conscious animals using whole‐body plethysmography. This allows for an assessment of whether the sensitivity to respiratory‐depressant effects can be enhanced by exposure to increased CO2. Other safety pharmacology topics detailed in this unit are the timing of such studies, ethical and animal welfare issues, and statistical evaluation. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 63:10.1.1‐10.1.8. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Characterization of Potential Cancer Stem Cells from Solid Human Tumors—Potential Applications
Authors: Dobbin Zachary C. , Landen Charles N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within a heterogeneous tumor that have enhanced biologic properties, e.g., increased capacity for self‐renewal, increased tumorigenicity, enhanced differentiation capacity, and resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapies. This unit describes protocols to isolate and characterize potential cancer stem cells from a solid tumor. These involve creating a single‐cell suspension from tumor tissue, tagging the cell subpopulations of interest, and sorting them into different populations. The sorted subpopulations can be evaluated for their ability to meet the functional requirements of a CSC, which primarily include increased tumorigenicity in an in vivo xenograft assay. Use of the protocols described in this unit makes it possible to study populations of cells that may have properties of CSCs. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 63:14.28.1‐14.28.19. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Analysis of Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase (PI3K) Signaling Using Live‐Cell Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy
Authors: Johnson Heath E. , Haugh Jason M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis unit focuses on the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and image analysis methods to study the dynamics of signal transduction mediated by class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) in mammalian cells. The first four protocols cover live‐cell imaging experiments, image acquisition parameters, and basic image processing and segmentation. These methods are generally applicable to live‐cell TIRF experiments. The remaining protocols outline more advanced image analysis methods, which were developed in our laboratory for the purpose of characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of PI3K signaling. These methods may be extended to analyze other cellular processes monitored using fluorescent biosensors. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 61:14.14.1‐14.14.24. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beyond the Qualitative/Quantitative “Divide”
Authors: Michelle Carolyn , Davis Charles H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis chapter introduces readers to Q methodology, a methodological hybrid concerned with revealing similarities and differences in people's viewpoints, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences. The history of Q methodology is first outlined, and its key principles and processes are explained, before a brief case study is presented in which Q methodology was used in an online survey of cross‐cultural responses to James Cameron's 2009 feature filmAvatar. Here, readers are taken behind the scenes to reflect on the methodological challenges faced, while some of the unique insights that Q methodology provided in this case are highlighted. Finally, the major strengths and limitations of Q methodology are discussed. It is an approach that has considerable potential to shed light on many key questions in contemporary media studies.
Memories of Films and Cinema‐Going inMonterrey,Mexico
Authors: Frankenberg Lorena , Lozano José Carlos 
Published: December 2013

AbstractQualitative interviews, a methodology increasingly popular in media and communication studies, are not only useful for studying the meaning construction of different kinds of producers or audiences in the present. They are also useful for exploring past media experiences and for looking at the meaning and importance media had in the past for different types of publics by retrieving memories, feelings, and facts not taken into account in data collected by the media industries. To offer insight into the methodological issues and theoretical considerations media scholars need to address when using this technique, this chapter reports the use of focused interviews in a study on the screen culture of cinema‐goers of Monterrey, Mexico, from the 1930s to the 1960s and discusses the methodological challenges of interpreting highly selective, subjective, and distorted‐by‐time memories of cinema‐going in senior informants.