bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FURTHER RESULTS ON VANISHING COEFFICIENTS IN INFINITE PRODUCT EXPANSIONS
Authors: MC LAUGHLIN JAMES 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe extend results of Andrews and Bressoud [‘Vanishing coefficients in infinite product expansions’, J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A27(2) (1979), 199–202] on the vanishing of coefficients in the series expansions of certain infinite products. These results have the form that if $$\begin{eqnarray}\frac{(q^{r-tk},q^{mk-(r-tk)};q^{mk})_{\infty }}{(\pm q^{r},\pm q^{mk-r};q^{mk})_{\infty }}=:\mathop{\sum }_{n=0}^{\infty }c_{n}q^{n}\end{eqnarray}$$ for certain integers $k$, $m$, $s$ and $t$, where $r=sm+t$, then $c_{kn-rs}$ is always zero. Our theorems also partly give a simpler reformulation of results of Alladi and Gordon [‘Vanishing coefficients in the expansion of products of Rogers–Ramanujan type’, in: The Rademacher Legacy to Mathematics (University Park, PA, 1992), Contemporary Mathematics, 166 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1994), 129–139], but also give results for cases not covered by the theorems of Alladi and Gordon. We also give some interpretations of the analytic results in terms of integer partitions.
Overlooked and underserved: Widowed fathers with dependent-age children
Authors: Yopp Justin M. , Park Eliza M. , Edwards Teresa , Deal Allison , Rosenstein Donald L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:Widowed fathers and their children are at heightened risk for poor coping and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes. This exploratory study is the first to explicitly examine the psychological characteristics of this population of fathers.Method:Some 259 fathers (mean age = 46.81; 90% Caucasian) with dependent-age children and whose wives had died from cancer within the previous five years completed a web-based survey that consisted of demographic questions, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES–D), the Texas Inventory of Grief–Revised (TRIG–R), the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS), the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (KPSS), and items assessing perceived parental efficacy.Results:Fathers were found to have elevated depressive (CES–D mean = 22.6) and grief (TRIG–R mean = 70.3) symptomatology, low adaptation (PAS mean = 3.2), and high levels of stress related to their parenting role. They reported being satisfied with their parenting (KPSS mean = 15.8) and having met their own parental expectations. Multivariate analyses revealed an association between father's age and depression (p = <0.01), with younger fathers reporting greater depressive symptoms. Psychological adaptation was positively correlated with being in a romantic relationship (p = 0.02) and age of oldest child (p = 0.02).Significance of results:The results of our exploratory study suggest that, while widowed fathers perceive themselves as meeting their parental responsibilities, it comes at a substantial psychological cost, with particularly high stress related to being a sole parent. These findings may help guide interventions for this neglected population and underscore the importance of developing targeted therapies and research protocols to address their needs.
Evolution of species interactions determines microbial community productivity in new environments
Authors: Fiegna Francesca , Moreno-Letelier Alejandra , Bell Thomas , Barraclough Timothy G 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Diversity generally increases ecosystem productivity over short timescales. Over longer timescales, both ecological and evolutionary responses to new environments could alter productivity and diversity–productivity relationships. In turn, diversity might affect how component species adapt to new conditions. We tested these ideas by culturing artificial microbial communities containing between 1 and 12 species in three different environments for ∼60 generations. The relationship between community yields and diversity became steeper over time in one environment. This occurred despite a general tendency for the separate yields of isolates of constituent species to be lower at the end if they had evolved in a more diverse community. Statistical comparisons of community and species yields showed that species interactions had evolved to be less negative over time, especially in more diverse communities. Diversity and evolution therefore interacted to enhance community productivity in a new environment.
Structural basis for extracellular cis and trans RPTPσ signal competition in synaptogenesis
Authors: Coles Charlotte H. , Mitakidis Nikolaos , Zhang Peng , Elegheert Jonathan , Lu Weixian , Stoker Andrew W. , Nakagawa Terunaga , Craig Ann Marie , Jones E. Yvonne , Aricescu A. Radu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPσ) regulates neuronal extension and acts as a presynaptic nexus for multiple protein and proteoglycan interactions during synaptogenesis. Unknown mechanisms govern the shift in RPTPσ function, from outgrowth promotion to synaptic organization. Here, we report crystallographic, electron microscopic and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses, which reveal sufficient inter-domain flexibility in the RPTPσ extracellular region for interaction with bothcis(same cell) andtrans(opposite cell) ligands. Crystal structures of RPTPσ bound to its postsynaptic ligand TrkC detail an interaction surface partially overlapping the glycosaminoglycan-binding site. Accordingly, heparan sulphate and heparin oligomers compete with TrkC for RPTPσ bindingin vitroand disrupt TrkC-dependent synaptic differentiation in neuronal co-culture assays. We propose that transient RPTPσ ectodomain emergence from the presynaptic proteoglycan layer allows capture by TrkC to form a trans-synaptic complex, the consequent reduction in RPTPσ flexibility potentiating interactions with additional ligands to orchestrate excitatory synapse formation.
Fast and effective inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus endospores using light-activated derivatives of vitamin B2
Authors: Eichner Anja , Gollmer Anita , Späth Andreas , Bäumler Wolfgang , Regensburger Johannes , König Burkhard , Maisch Tim 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Highly resistant endospores may cause severe problems in medicine as well as in the food and packaging industries. We found that bacterial endospores can be inactivated quickly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were generated by a new generation of flavin photosensitizers. Flavins like the natural compound vitamin B2 are already known to produce ROS but they show a poor antimicrobial photodynamic killing efficacy due to the lack of positive charges. Therefore we synthesized new flavin photosensitizers that have one (FLASH-01a) or eight (FLASH-07a) positive charges and can hence attach to the negatively charged surface of endospores. In this study we used standardized Bacillus atrophaeus endospores (ATCC 9372) as a biological surrogate model for a proof-of-concept study of photodynamic inactivation experiments using FLASH-01a and FLASH-07a. After incubation of spores with different flavin concentrations, the flavin derivatives were excited with blue light at a light dose of 70 J cm−2. The inactivation of spores was investigated either in suspension or after attachment to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces. Incubation of spores suspended in Millipore water with 4 mM FLASH-01a for 10 seconds and irradiation with blue light for 10 seconds caused a biologically relevant decrease of spore survival of 3.5 log10 orders. Using FLASH-07a under the same conditions we achieved a decrease of 4.4 log10 orders. Immobilized spores on PET surfaces were efficiently killed with 7.0 log10 orders using 8 mM FLASH-07a. The total treatment time (incubation + irradiation) was as short as 20 seconds. The results of this study show evidence that endospores can be fastly and effectively inactivated with new generations of flavin photosensitizers that may be useful for industrial or medical applications in the future.
Historical distribution of Sundaland’s Dipterocarp rainforests at Quaternary glacial maxima
Authors: Raes Niels , Cannon Charles H. , Hijmans Robert J. , Piessens Thomas , Saw Leng Guan , van Welzen Peter C. , Slik J. W. Ferry 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceThe effect of glacial cycles on Southeast Asian (SEA) rainforest during the Quaternary is unresolved. Some historical evidence suggests rainforests were confined to small refugia during glacial maxima, but dynamic vegetation models suggest evergreen rainforests were widespread. Because Dipterocarpaceae dominate current SEA rainforests, their distributions closely reflect general rainforest extent. Here, we use an extensive georeferenced database of collection records for 317 Dipterocarpaceae species to model their climatic niches, based on current climatic conditions. These distribution models were then hindcast onto historical climatic conditions of the last glacial maximum. The results indicate that central Sundaland, exposed because of lower sea levels at glacial maxima, harbored suitable environmental conditions for Dipterocarpaceae and was probably covered by rainforest.
DNA topology confers sequence specificity to nonspecific architectural proteins
Authors: Wei Juan , Czapla Luke , Grosner Michael A. , Swigon David , Olson Wilma K. 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceThe organization of long genomes in the confined spaces of a cell requires special facilitating mechanisms. A variety of architectural proteins play key roles in these processes. The bacterial heat-unstable (HU) protein helps to condense DNA by introducing sharp turns along its pathway. The protein binds in a sequence-neutral fashion, randomly distorting linear DNA when introduced in computer-simulated structures at levels comparable to those found in the cell. The natural resistance of DNA to severe deformation, however, restricts the nonspecific protein to specific loci when the molecule is covalently closed or looped by a protein. The interplay of DNA topology and protein-induced bending provides insights into ways in which gene fragments may be organized and linked to biological function.
Spontaneous regeneration of cochlear supporting cells after neonatal ablation ensures hearing in the adult mouse
Authors: Mellado Lagarde Marcia M. , Wan Guoqiang , Zhang LingLi , Gigliello Angelica R. , McInnis John J. , Zhang Yingxin , Bergles Dwight , Zuo Jian , Corfas Gabriel 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The auditory sensory epithelium contains two major cell types: hair cells and supporting cells. Mammalian auditory hair cells do not regenerate after damage or loss, resulting in permanent hearing impairment. How supporting cell loss affects auditory function remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that inner border and inner phalangeal cells, the two types of supporting cells surrounding inner hair cells, can be replenished completely after selective ablation in the neonatal cochlea, allowing hearing to be preserved. Our findings challenge the view that mammalian auditory sensory epithelium has limited intrinsic regenerative capacity and provide previously unindetified opportunities for replacement of damaged auditory cells and restoration of hearing.
The ecology of religious beliefs
Authors: Botero Carlos A. , Gardner Beth , Kirby Kathryn R. , Bulbulia Joseph , Gavin Michael C. , Gray Russell D. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Here we show that the spatial prevalence of human societies that believe in moralizing high gods can be predicted with a high level of accuracy (91%) from historical, social, and ecological data. Using high-resolution datasets, we systematically estimate the relative effects of resource abundance, ecological risk, cultural diffusion, shared ancestry, and political complexity on the global distribution of beliefs in moralizing high gods. The methods presented in this paper provide a blueprint for how to leverage the increasing wealth of ecological, linguistic, and historical data to understand the forces that have shaped the behavior of our own species.
Nonsensory target-dependent organization of piriform cortex
Authors: Chen Chien-Fu F. , Zou Dong-Jing , Altomare Clara G. , Xu Lu , Greer Charles A. , Firestein Stuart J. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The mammalian olfactory system is capable of detecting and discriminating a vast and diverse array of small organic molecules or odorants. Complex blends of these chemicals are finally perceived as a unified odor object—for example, a rose contains dozens of active compounds. The piriform cortex (PCX) is the largest component of the olfactory cortex and has been hypothesized to be the locus of odor object formation. However, the PCX shows a distributed odorant representation that contrasts sharply with the topographical representation typically seen in the other primary sensory cortices. In this article, we explore an alternative organizational principle for the PCX based on where neurons are sending their output, rather than where these neurons are receiving their input.
High-speed odor transduction and pulse tracking by insect olfactory receptor neurons
Authors: Szyszka Paul , Gerkin Richard C. , Galizia C. Giovanni , Smith Brian H. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
How fast can animals smell? Whereas we know how fast our eyes are (in the cinema, images at 24 Hz fuse for humans, whereas our retina can resolve flickers at more than 100 Hz), olfactory perception is believed to be slow. After all, we take a sniff and later another one. Odor plumes in the air, however, can fluctuate at a millisecond time scale. Here, we show that insect olfactory receptor neurons can have response latencies shorter than 2 ms and resolve odorant fluctuations at more than 100 Hz. This high temporal resolution could facilitate odor-background segregation, and it has important implications for underlying cellular processes (transduction), ecology (odor recognition), and technology (development of fast sensors).
Putative chanzyme activity of TRPM2 cation channel is unrelated to pore gating
Authors: Tóth Balázs , Iordanov Iordan , Csanády László 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Ion channels are protein pores that allow passive transmembrane ion flow. These pores are opened and closed (gated) by various cellular signals. Typically, the mechanism of gating conformational changes is an equilibrium process, but for some channels, gating is an irreversible cycle, for example, linked to an enzymatic activity. For equilibrium mechanisms, channel activity is readily modulated by energetic stabilization of closed or open states, whereas for cyclic gating, alteration of transition-state stabilities most effectively modulates activity. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a cation channel involved in multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, possesses enzymatic activity, which cleaves its activating ligand. This work addresses, and rules out, a suggested link between that catalysis and pore gating in TRPM2, classifying it among the channels that gate at equilibrium.
New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River
Authors: Potter Ben A. , Irish Joel D. , Reuther Joshua D. , McKinney Holly J. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Two interred infants with associated grave goods and a third cremated child represent the earliest known human remains from the North American subarctic, and they provide evidence for novel mortuary behaviors at the end of the last Ice Age. Two bifacial points with decorated foreshafts represent hafted projectiles, confirming earlier conclusions about Paleoindian weapon system form and function. Excellent faunal and other contextual data indicate broad-spectrum foraging behaviors.
Sample processing obscures cancer-specific alterations in leukemic transcriptomes
Authors: Dvinge Heidi , Ries Rhonda E. , Ilagan Janine O. , Stirewalt Derek L. , Meshinchi Soheil , Bradley Robert K. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
An important goal of cancer biology is to identify molecular differences between normal and cancer cells. Accordingly, many large-scale initiatives to characterize both solid and liquid tumor samples with genomics technologies are currently underway. Here, we show that standard blood collection procedures cause rapid changes to the transcriptomes of hematopoietic cells. The resulting transcriptional and posttranscriptional artifacts are visible in most published leukemia genomics datasets and hinder the identification and interpretation of cancer-specific alterations.
Selective oral ROCK2 inhibitor down-regulates IL-21 and IL-17 secretion in human T cells via STAT3-dependent mechanism
Authors: Zanin-Zhorov Alexandra , Weiss Jonathan M. , Nyuydzefe Melanie S. , Chen Wei , Scher Jose U. , Mo Rigen , Depoil David , Rao Nishta , Liu Ben , Wei Jianlu , Lucas Sarah , Koslow Matthew , Roche Maria , Schueller Olivier , Weiss Sara , Poyurovsky Masha V. , Tonra James , Hippen Keli L. , Dustin Michael L. , Blazar Bruce R. , Liu Chuan-ju , Waksal Samuel D. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) is implicated in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-21, and the development of autoimmunity in mice. However, the role of ROCK2 signaling pathway in regulation of immune responses in humans is still an enigma. Here we show that targeted ROCK2 inhibition down-regulates proinflammatory responses via concurrent regulation of STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation and shifting Th17/Treg balance in human T cells with a minimal effect on the rest of the immune response. This work provides previously unidentified insights into the molecular mechanism of ROCK2-mediated modulation of the immune response in man and has profound implications for development of a selective ROCK2 inhibitor as a new therapeutic target for autoimmunity treatment.
Synergy between Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels confers high-strain mechanosensitivity to articular cartilage
Authors: Lee Whasil , Leddy Holly A. , Chen Yong , Lee Suk Hee , Zelenski Nicole A. , McNulty Amy L. , Wu Jason , Beicker Kellie N. , Coles Jeffrey , Zauscher Stefan , Grandl Jörg , Sachs Frederick , Guilak Farshid , Liedtke Wolfgang B. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Cartilage, a mechanically sensitive tissue that covers joints, is essential for vertebrate locomotion by sustaining skeletal mobility. Transduction of mechanical stimuli by cartilage cells, chondrocytes, leads to biochemical–metabolic responses. Such mechanotransduction can be beneficial for tissue maintenance when evoked by low-level mechanical stimuli, or can have health-adverse effects via cartilage-damaging high-strain mechanical stress. Thus, high-strain mechanotransduction by cartilage mechanotrauma is relevant for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Molecular mechanisms of high-strain mechanotransduction of chondrocytes have been elusive. Here we identify Piezo1 and Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channels in chondrocytes as transduction channels for high-strain mechanical stress. We verify their functional link to the cytoskeleton as important for their concerted function and offer a remedial strategy by application of a Piezo1/2 blocking peptide, GsMTx4, from tarantula venom.
H19 long noncoding RNA controls the mRNA decay promoting function of KSRP
Authors: Giovarelli Matteo , Bucci Gabriele , Ramos Andres , Bordo Domenico , Wilusz Carol J. , Chen Ching-Yi , Puppo Margherita , Briata Paola , Gherzi Roberto 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) provide new layers of complexity to gene expression control. We report on the functional consequences of the interaction between the ssRNA-binding protein K homology-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) with H19 lncRNA (H19) in multipotent C2C12 cells able to differentiate in culture toward myotubes in response to activation of cell signaling pathways, including AKT. KSRP and H19 interact exclusively in undifferentiated C2C12 cells, and this favors KSRP’s ability to interact with the promyogenic transcript myogenin and to favor its degradation. AKT activation induces KSRP dissociation from H19 and, as a consequence, from myogenin mRNA that is stabilized. H19 likely acts as a scaffold that favors KSRP-mediated degradation of myogenin to contribute to the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of C2C12 cells.
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein selectively decreases neuraminidase gene-segment packaging while enhancing viral fitness and transmissibility
Authors: Brooke Christopher B. , Ince William L. , Wei Jiajie , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The influenza A virus (IAV) genome consists of eight unique RNA segments, each of which is required for productive infection. IAV is believed to copackage its individual gene segments into virions with nearly perfect efficiency to maximize replicative potential. We contradict this view by demonstrating that decreased gene packaging can be associated with increased in vivo fitness and transmissibility. Incomplete packaging likely is facilitated by the extensive coinfection that we demonstrate in vivo, which promotes complementation and explains the frequent reassortment reported previously. We also reveal roles for the viral nucleoprotein in modulating glycoprotein function and gene packaging during host adaptation. These findings necessitate a major shift in how we think about the infectious and evolutionary potential of IAV populations.
Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis
Authors: Linkermann Andreas , Skouta Rachid , Himmerkus Nina , Mulay Shrikant R. , Dewitz Christin , De Zen Federica , Prokai Agnes , Zuchtriegel Gabriele , Krombach Fritz , Welz Patrick-Simon , Weinlich Ricardo , Vanden Berghe Tom , Vandenabeele Peter , Pasparakis Manolis , Bleich Markus , Weinberg Joel M. , Reichel Christoph A. , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Kunzendorf Ulrich , Anders Hans-Joachim , Stockwell Brent R. , Green Douglas R. , Krautwald Stefan 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Cell death by regulated necrosis causes tremendous tissue damage in a wide variety of diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sepsis, and ischemia–reperfusion injury upon solid organ transplantation. Here, we demonstrate that an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis, referred to as ferroptosis, mediates regulated necrosis and synchronized death of functional units in diverse organs upon ischemia and other stimuli, thereby triggering a detrimental immune response. We developed a novel third-generation inhibitor of ferroptosis that is the first compound in this class that is stable in plasma and liver microsomes and that demonstrates high efficacy when supplied alone or in combination therapy.
Action video game play facilitates the development of better perceptual templates
Authors: Bejjanki Vikranth R. , Zhang Ruyuan , Li Renjie , Pouget Alexandre , Green C. Shawn , Lu Zhong-Lin , Bavelier Daphne 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Recent advances in the field of learning have identified improvement of perceptual templates as a key mechanism underlying training-induced performance enhancements. Here, using a combination of psychophysics and neural modeling, we demonstrate that this mechanism—improved learning of perceptual templates—is also engaged after action video game play. Habitual action gamers or individuals trained to play action games demonstrate perceptual templates better tuned to the task and stimulus at hand than control groups, a difference shown to emerge as learning proceeds. This work further illustrates the importance of the development of improved perceptual templates as a mechanism mediating training and transfer effects and provides a novel account for the surprisingly broad transfer of performance enhancements noted after action game play.