bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to retinal microvascular abnormalities in mice
Authors: Borges-Martins Vladimir Pedro Peralva , de Campos Viviane Souza , Santos Carolina Moreira dos , Rosa Barbara Gomes da , Zhong Tiffany , Cascabulho Cynthia M , Gonzaga Beatriz Matheus de Souza , Perez Victor Lucas , Garzoni Luciana Ribeiro , Calaza Karin da Costa , Adesse Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) protozoan can lead to toxoplasmosis and has high seroprevalence in the human population. T. gondii can cross the Blood-retinal barrier, leading to ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), which can severely impair vision. Our group demonstrated microcirculatory alterations and reduced angiogenesis in mouse brains after acquired T. gondii infection, suggesting that such alterations may also occur in OT. This work aims to analyze the effects of acquired T. gondii in vivo infection on the retina and its vasculature. For the acquired OT model, C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically inoculated with two ME49 strain cysts and analyzed 10, 20, and 30 days post-infection (dpi). Clinical parameters, parasitic load, cytokine profiles, retinal vasculature, endothelial activation, vascular function, and glial activation were assessed. Infected mice exhibited significant weight loss and reduced chow consumption. Tachyzoites were detected by RT-qPCR at 10 dpi, while bradyzoites’ signal appeared at 20 and 30 dpi. Infected mice had elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 at 10 dpi, transitioning to increased IL-4 and IL-10 at 20 dpi, returning to basal levels at 30 dpi. Retinal blood flow and functional capillary density were increased, while structural changes in the vasculature, such as vessel length and area, varied over time. Collagen IV expression increased at 20 and 30 dpi, indicating vascular remodeling. Angiogenic markers VEGFR1 and Notch1 expression were consistently downregulated, and Delta-like4 expression decreased at 20 and 30 dpi. Endothelium-leukocyte interaction, as assessed by rolling and adherent leukocytes, was increased in infected retinal venules. Retinal endothelial function was impaired, with reduced vasodilation response to acetylcholine and alterations in tight junction markers ZO-1, claudin5 and occludin. Increased glial activation was observed, with elevated GFAP immunoreactivity and expression at 20 and 30 dpi. CX3CR1 expression was elevated at all times studied, indicative of microglial activation, accompanied with Arg1 and iNOS upregulation and STAT3 phosphorylation, corroborating neuroinflammatory responses. T. gondii infection in mice induces systemic and retinal inflammation, leading to significant changes in the retinal vasculature and impaired endothelial function. These findings contribute to a better understanding of OT pathophysiology, enabling the design of future therapeutic strategies.
“It's both a terrifying and a powerful position to be in”: A qualitative study exploring clinician experiences and perspectives on providing publicly funded fetal exome sequencing.
Authors: Dayman Samantha , Downie Lilian , Graetz Melissa , Hui Lisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Genomics has improved etiological diagnosis for fetal structural anomalies. We aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of clinicians involved with the delivery of a state-wide public fetal exome sequencing (FES) service in Australia.
Method
This qualitative study was developed using a pragmatism framework. A multidisciplinary cohort of clinicians across all tertiary fetal medicine units in Victoria were interviewed. Inductive content analysis was used to understand the experiences, impact, and utility of FES.
Results
Eight clinician interviews were analysed. The impact of FES on clinicians included: increased pressure, higher emotional toll, and balancing the benefits with resource limitations. FES was most useful when it provided prognostic information. The clinicians felt that FES had the most utility for patients when the result informed their decision about whether or not to continue a pregnancy. Clinicians acknowledged their ‘gatekeeper’ role and valued a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach. The main perceived harm for patients was the anxiety associated with waiting times for results.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the delivery of a publicly funded FES program. Our findings highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary team in the successful implementation of genomic technologies in reproductive health.
Correlation Between Standard Penetration Test (Spt) and Liqit Software: An Analytical Study
Authors: Sahu Prof. Deepanjali , Sahu Arunachal , Tiwari ManoJ Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a widely recognized method in geotechnical engineering for evaluating soil properties and estimating liquefaction potential. This test provides essential data that inform the design and construction of foundations in seismic regions. However, with advancements in computational tools, software such as LiqIT has emerged, offering enhanced analytical capabilities for predicting soil behavior under seismic conditions. This study aims to explore the correlation between SPT results and the outputs generated by LiqIT software to assess the consistency and reliability of these methods in liquefaction potential evaluation. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using SPT data from various sites prone to liquefaction, which were then compared with the liquefaction potential predictions by LiqIT. The study examines the relationship between SPT blow counts (N-values) and the factor of safety against liquefaction as calculated by LiqIT. By establishing a correlation, this research seeks to enhance the understanding of the integration of traditional field tests with modern computational tools in geotechnical practice. The findings reveal that while SPT remains a valuable field test, integrating its results with LiqIT software offers a more detailed understanding of liquefaction risks. The study's results are expected to contribute to the development of more reliable and efficient methods for assessing liquefaction potential in seismic regions, building upon the foundations laid by previous studies (Seed & Idriss, 1971; Idriss & Boulanger, 2006; Skempton, 1986).
CFD Analysis of NACA Airfoils for Wind Turbine and Aerospace Applications at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: MAZUMDER MD. HASIB MAHMUD 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of various NACA airfoils (0012, 0015, 0018, and 0020) at low Reynolds numbers to assess their suitability for wind turbine and aerospace applications. Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with the SST k-ω turbulence model, we analyzed lift, drag, and lift-to-drag ratios (Cl/Cd) across different angles of attack and Reynolds numbers ranging from 3× 105 to 1× 106. The results indicate that the NACA 0012 airfoil exhibits the highest aerodynamic efficiency, making it ideal for applications prioritizing lift, such as aircraft wings and horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). The NACA 0015 and NACA 0018 airfoils provide a balanced trade-off between aerodynamic performance and structural strength, making them suitable for medium to large HAWTs respectively. While the NACA 0020 airfoil is less aerodynamically efficient, it offers substantial structural integrity, making it well-suited for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) and high-lift applications. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of CFD simulations in capturing critical aerodynamic phenomena at low Reynolds numbers, with results aligning closely with experimental data. These findings highlight the importance of airfoil selection in optimizing energy conversion efficiency and structural robustness in renewable energy and aerospace systems. Future research should focus on advanced surface modifications and control devices to further enhance aerodynamic performance, contributing to the development of sustainable energy technologies.
A multi-solver simulation environment for resilience analysis of drinking water and wastewater networks
Authors: Alex Jens , Schütze Manfred , Hübner Christian , Ogurek Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation environment for damage analysis of drinking water and sewer systems. Given the potential damage caused by natural disasters or infrastructural problems, analyzing the resilience of such systems is of crucial importance. The presented simulation environment integrates various specialized solvers that are required for the simulation of drinking water and sewer systems. These include solvers for gravity flow, fully-filled pressurized pipes, and others. The system enables the model-based analysis of damage and the evaluation of measures to increase the resilience of these systems.
Casticin: A Short Review on its Pharmacological Activity as an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Singh Sonia , Singh Bhoopendra , Semwal Bhupesh Chander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Casticin is a flavonoid that is derived from the Vitex species. Multiple studies have
investigated the anticancer properties of casticin against many types of cancer, such as bladder
cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. Research has shown the ability of
casticin to inhibit cell growth and induce programmed cell death. The chemical exhibits efficacy
against numerous cancer cell lines through various molecular mechanisms. The substance hinders
the processes of invasion, migration, and proliferation and triggers programmed cell death by
multiple mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species and the dependence on
mitochondria. Additionally, it inhibits the cell cycle at different stages. These effects are achieved
by modulating several signaling cascades, specifically NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, FOXO3a/FoxM1, and
STAT3. This review provides a concise overview of the chemotherapeutic efficacy of casticin as
an anticancer drug.
Effect of Olivine, Barite and Calcium Carbonate on Cutting Carrying Capacity of Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Erdoğan Yasin , Kök Onur Eser , Özdemir Adil , Öztürk Sarper 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
In this study, the effect of different weighing material such as olivine, barite
and calcium carbonate on cutting carrying of water-based drilling fluids was investigated. Initially,
characterization studies were performed for the additive materials.

Method:
Then, spud type muds were prepared with bentonite and the weighing materials were
added at different rates ranging from wt.1-6%. After the sample preparation, mud weight, 600 and
300 rpm dial reading, plastic viscosity, yield point, flow behavior index and power law consistency
factor values were measured/calculated.

Result:
With these results, cutting carrying index of the muds was calculated and the effect of the
additive materials was compared. According to the results, it was determined that the barite added
muds had better cutting carrying capacity than others and the calcium carbonate added muds
showed worse cutting carrying capacity. Optimal CCI results were obtained from O-5 as 3.7869
and, from B-6 as 5.9417 and from C-4 as 2.7113.

Conclusion:
Results of this study show that olivine can be used as low additive ratios in drilling
muds to clean the hole.
Deposition of TiO2/Polymethylene Biguanide on Stainless Steel Wire for the Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance and Stability
Authors: Thirumal Kiruthigha , Sridharan Gokul , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Orthodontic treatment relies on stainless steel (SS) wires to apply forces
and torque to reposition teeth. However, SS wires are susceptible to wear and corrosion in the
oral environment, necessitating improvements in their durability.

Objective:
This study explores the potential of a coating comprising titanium dioxide (TiO2) and
polymethylene biguanide (PHMB) to enhance the corrosion resistance of SS wires.

Methods:
SS wires were coated with a solution containing PHMB and TiO2 using a drop-casting
technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (EDAX), and electrochemical tests, including impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic
polarization, were conducted to characterize the coated wires and evaluate their corrosion
resistance.

Results:
FE-SEM, EDAX, and Emap analysis confirmed the presence and uniform deposition of
PHMB/TiO2 onto the SS wire surface. Electrochemical tests revealed that the PHMB/TiO2-
coated SS wires exhibited a significantly lower corrosion rate (7.08×10−6 mm/year) and higher
corrosion resistance (562466 Ω) compared to bare SS.

Conclusion:
The PHMB/TiO2 coated SS wire exhibited high corrosion resistance and offered
potential benefits for orthodontic treatments. Further research and optimization of this coating
may help to improve the durability and reliability of orthodontic appliances.
Malnutrition and Obesity in Patients with COPD Exacerbation, Insights from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: El Labban Mohamad , El-Zibaoui Roba , Usama Syed Muhammad , Niaz Fayreal , Cohen Abbe , Krastev Peter , Khan Syed , Surani Salim 
Published: August 2024

Background
The obesity paradox suggests that obese patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation (COPDE) may have better outcomes. COPD patients are at a higher risk of becoming malnourished, which has been linked to poor outcomes.

Objective
This paper aims to study the impact of malnutrition in patients with and without obesity hospitalized with COPDE.

Methods
Our retrospective study analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample dataset between 2017 and 2020 to observe patients who were hospitalized with COPDE. The patients were divided into two groups: with and without malnutrition. The outcomes included all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and total charge. We adjusted for confounders using multivariate regression model analysis.

Results
The study involved 392,920 patients with COPDE, out of which 5720 (1.45%) were diagnosed with malnutrition. Most of the patients in both groups were female, white, and under Medicare coverage. The mean age was higher in patients with malnutrition (67.6 vs. 64 years). In both groups, the rates of admissions were lowest in 2020 compared to three years prior. The rates and adjusted odds ratios of all-cause mortality were higher in patients with malnutrition (3.59% vs. 0.61%, P <0.01; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.36, P<0.01, CI 1.8-3.7). We observed comparable findings when using invasive mechanical ventilation (13.2% vs. 2.82%, P<0.01, aOR 4.9, P<0.01, 3.9-6). Malnourished patients had a lengthier hospital stay and a greater total charge.

Conclusion
Malnutrition was identified as an independent risk factor associated with worse outcomes in obese patients admitted with COPD exacerbation.
Investigation of the Epidemiological Situation of Malta Fever in the Cities under Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during the years 2016 to 2022
Authors: Shokoufamanesh Ayuob , Daneshi Salman , Sarbisheh Iman , Estakhr Golnaz Peyravi , Niknam Noureddin , Raesi Rasoul 
Published: August 2024

Background
Management of Malta fever disease requires policy-making and accurate epidemiological statistics and information.

Aim
The present study was conducted to determine the epidemiological status of Malta fever.

Materials and Methods
This study is of the secondary data analysis type, which was conducted using the recorded data of patients with brucellosis in the health center of Mashhad City from 2016 to 2022. Data related to 12,714 cases of brucellosis were analyzed using R software and Chi-2, Pearson, and independent t-statistical tests.

Results
The average age of the patients was 33.18 ± 18.81 years. About 87% of disease cases were related to rural areas and 13% to urban areas. The average annual incidence of the disease was 287 cases per 100,000 population at risk of the disease. The highest incidence rate was in 2020, and the lowest incidence rate was in 2016. The most cases of disease were related to the first three months of the year, and the least cases were related to the last three months of the year. Most cases of the disease were related to housewives, cattle breeders, and farmers.

Conclusion
The incidence of the disease increased from the beginning of the study to 2020 and decreased from 2020 to the end of the study. Health policymakers should integrate medicine, ecology, and education for the prevention and control of brucellosis. This holistic strategy recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts across sectors to address the multifaceted nature of the disease.
A Comprehensive Review on Diverse Nanoparticle Formulations, Applications and A Concise Review on Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Guvvali Dharmender , Mohanty Dibyalochan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
The nanoparticle formulation technology is set to play a crucial role in the upcoming
years, significantly shaping the pharmaceuticals market, nanomedicine domain, and healthcare systems.
The success of employing nano crystallization strategies in industrial settings relies primarily
on the technique's capacity to create active pharmaceutical ingredient nanoparticles with precise
particle size, limited size variation, stability, consistency, large-scale feasibility, compatibility,
and cost-effectiveness. Using nano-particles as a technological advancement has allowed for
notable enhancements in various aspects. These include the substantial extension of product shelf
lives, augmentation of intracellular delivery for hydrophobic molecules, and the optimization of
specific therapeutics like anticancer agents, along with others.
As the importance of Nano formulations emerges in the market, nanotechnology has transformed
also in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 100 nm in
size, offer unique advantages, including biocompatibility, decreased toxicity, improved stability,
enhanced permeability and retention, and precise targeting, making them an effective option for
cancer therapy.
This comprehensive review article delves into the various categories of nano-formulations. A brief
discussion on Nano medicine in Cancer therapy and different formulation strategies meticulously
examining their far-reaching influence on both the pharmaceutical industry as well as research centers
dedicated to Nano formulations.
Development of X40CrSiMo10-2 steel series for heavy-duty in hot environment of marine diesel engines
Authors: EL-BITAR Taher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Different X40CrSiMo10-2 Steel series are developed to serve as a heavy-duty exhaust valve for marine diesel engines. The alloys contain 0.35-0.50 % Carbon combined with 8.5-10.0 % Chrome, 2.0-2.5 % Silicon and 1.0-1.3 % Molybdenum. The steel series were processed in an induction melting furnace and cast as round cylinders with 105 mm mean diameter, and 360 mm height. Melt steel was bottom poured with 27 mm average diameter runner. Each Cast ingot was weighting 26.5 Kg. The thermodynamic calculations ensured formation of strong-stable Cr-Mo carbides containing Cr23C6 and Mo2C at the specified working temperatures. Cr enhances oxidation resistance of the alloy, while Si besides Cr are working to secure a ferrite phase matrix at room temperature and up to Ac1(855 oC). On the other hand, Mo beside the strengthening effect, it is fighting against coagulation of carbides within the matrix during working in the hot environment. A microstructure of the as – cast condition	exhibits coarse ferrite grains due to slow rate of cooling during solidification in the sand mold. Cr and Mo- carbides are precipitated as thin layers enveloping the solidified ferrite grains, while the majority of carbides are precipitated as clusters scattered over the grains. On heating the steel to a temperature higher than Ac1, considerable portion of the ferrite matrix is transformed to austenite phase and the scattered carbides are then dissoluted. Multi-step hot forging is a complementary process, where the matrix would be finer with homogeneously distributed embedded carbides. Forging would be carried out by 5- successive controlled steps to obtain 50 mm diameter round bars.
Evaluation of a Natural Language Processing Approach to Identify Diagnostic Errors and Analysis of Safety Learning System Case Review Data: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tabaie Azade , Tran Alberta , Calabria Tony , Bennett Sonita S , Milicia Arianna , Weintraub William , Gallagher William James , Yosaitis John , Schubel Laura C , Hill Mary A , Smith Kelly Michelle , Miller Kristen 
Published: August 2024

Background
Diagnostic errors are an underappreciated cause of preventable mortality in hospitals and pose a risk for severe patient harm and increase hospital length of stay.

Objective
This study aims to explore the potential of machine learning and natural language processing techniques in improving diagnostic safety surveillance. We conducted a rigorous evaluation of the feasibility and potential to use electronic health records clinical notes and existing case review data.

Methods
Safety Learning System case review data from 1 large health system composed of 10 hospitals in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States from February 2016 to September 2021 were analyzed. The case review outcome included opportunities for improvement including diagnostic opportunities for improvement. To supplement case review data, electronic health record clinical notes were extracted and analyzed. A simple logistic regression model along with 3 forms of logistic regression models (ie, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Ridge, and Elastic Net) with regularization functions was trained on this data to compare classification performances in classifying patients who experienced diagnostic errors during hospitalization. Further, statistical tests were conducted to find significant differences between female and male patients who experienced diagnostic errors.

Results
In total, 126 (7.4%) patients (of 1704) had been identified by case reviewers as having experienced at least 1 diagnostic error. Patients who had experienced diagnostic error were grouped by sex: 59 (7.1%) of the 830 women and 67 (7.7%) of the 874 men. Among the patients who experienced a diagnostic error, female patients were older (median 72, IQR 66-80 vs median 67, IQR 57-76; P=.02), had higher rates of being admitted through general or internal medicine (69.5% vs 47.8%; P=.01), lower rates of cardiovascular-related admitted diagnosis (11.9% vs 28.4%; P=.02), and lower rates of being admitted through neurology department (2.3% vs 13.4%; P=.04). The Ridge model achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.885), specificity (0.797), positive predictive value (PPV; 0.24), and F1-score (0.369) in classifying patients who were at higher risk of diagnostic errors among hospitalized patients.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that natural language processing can be a potential solution to more effectively identifying and selecting potential diagnostic error cases for review and therefore reducing the case review burden.