bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From psych verbs to nouns
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Marín Rafael , McNally Louise 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Aspect Preservation Hypothesis (APH) predicts that, all things being equal, the aspectual information of a deverbal nominalization reflects the Aktionsart of the verbal base. This hypothesis faces prima facie counterexamples in the domain of psychological nouns, as they quite systematically denote states, while not all psychological verbs are stative. This chapter addresses these counterexamples and argues that they do not pose a problem for the APH. We argue that the base of the nominalization is a partially specified verbal stem; then we show that only verbs whose stem is stative have a derived psychological noun. Verbs whose stem is not stative lack a corresponding nominalization, although they can be associated with an underived psychological noun.
Passive states
Authors: Gehrke Berit 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis chapter addresses the semantics of the German adjectival passive and investigates restrictions on event-related modification with this construction. The account proposed, according to which German adjectival passives instantiate a consequent state kind of an event kind, is motivated by the following facts. First, this construction is fully acceptable only with verbs whose event structure contains a consequent state, represented by an event-semantically interpreted become component. Furthermore, only those event-related modifiers are possible with German adjectival passives that modify either the event kind argument or the state itself. However, modifiers that need to access an event token, such as temporal or spatial modifiers, are not grammatical.
The syntax and semantics of inchoatives as directed motion: The case of Korean
Authors: Lim Dongsik , Zubizarreta Maria‐Luisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis chapter investigates Korean aspectual auxiliary -eci “become” in terms of the directed motion construction. First it discusses cases where -eci combines with adjectives and derives deadjectival inchoatives, and claim that -eci deadjectival inchoatives contain semantic components of comparatives. This chapter argues that -eci is a spellout of the verbal head v of the directed motion construction, which takes a gradable adjective with a component of comparative as its path argument. This chapter shows that our analysis can account for various characteristics of -eci deadjectival inchoatives, including their parallel behaviour with directed motion constructions headed by -ka/-o ‘come/go’, and their variable telicity. This chapter extends our analysis to cases in which -eci combines with verbal predicates, thus proposing an unified analysis of -eci in terms of directed motion. Finally, the chapter discusses recent analysis of Spanish inchoative se as a case of directed motion, compare it to Korean inchoative -eci, and point to some cross-linguistic differences that still remain to be elucidated.
Part I: The origin and archetypes of music making
Authors: Stumpf Carl 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter presents Part I of Carl Stumpf's The Origins of Music, which explores the topic of music's origination. It discusses the recent hypotheses concerning the origins of music; the origin and archetypes of singing; primitive instruments and their influence; polyphony, rhythm, and intoned speech; and paths of development.
Carl Stumpf: A Self-Portrait (1924)
Authors: Stumpf Carl 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter presents an autobiographical survey of Carl Stumpf's life and work. It was written shortly after he retired from all lecturing at Berlin University in 1923. The first part is autobiographical, the second is a summary of the different threads — from academic philosophy to mathematics and the natural sciences — that are interwoven in his various publications to form the dense wood of his interdisciplinary legacy. The text is given here in a new translation as a short introduction to the author's scientific convictions, and to his motivation for investigating music as a means of understanding the psychological functions of our intellect.
Carl Stumpf’s publications
Authors: Wolfradt Uwe , Trippett David 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter presents a bibliography of Carl Stumpf's publications on philosophy (epistemology, philosophy of music, mathematics); psychology (theoretical psychology, studies in the psychology of music and tone as well as the psychology of emotions); musicology (studies in comparative musicology and acoustics); biographical sketches, and collaborative writings.
Narrative Spaces in the Representation and Understanding of Evolution
Authors: Matuk Camillia , Uttal David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExperts familiar with both their content and representational system use cladograms to reason about species’ phylogenies. But for novices, these diagrams rather tend to cue folk narrative beliefs of evolution. This chapter offers a cognitive semiotic account of common misinterpretations of cladograms. Interview excerpts show how undergraduates map narrative structures of their folk beliefs as metaphors onto the spatial structures of the diagram; how folk beliefs, as well as knowledge of representational systems from other domains, create contexts for mistaken interpretations; and how specific manipulations of the diagram’s presentation (e.g., animation) reveal these interpretations to be flexible. Based on our findings, we describe the design and pedagogical affordances of an interactive diagram to address novices’ narrative intuitions.
Why Don't Americans Accept Evolution as Much as People in Peer Nations Do? A Theory (Reinforced Theistic Manifest Destiny) and Some Pertinent Evidence
Authors: Ranney Michael Andrew 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrior speculations about why Americans don't embrace evolution — as much as comparable nations’ residents do — are generally dated and not well assessed. Reinforced Theistic Manifest Destiny (RTMD), introduced in this chapter, represents a more obviously predictive theory that focuses on spiritually-linked feedback regarding the U.S.’s military (and industrial) prowess. RTMD joins analyses of (a) individuals’ motivations, emotions, and epistemologies, with (b) intra- and inter-national historical narratives. Many of RTMD’s empirical hypotheses are discussed and from the U.S. and Canada. The North American findings largely cohere with the relevant set of RTMD’s predictions, given the variety of associations observed among beliefs regarding afterlife, theism, nationalism, global warming, and the origins of species. These encouraging experimental and survey studies offer further implications regarding how evolution might be better conveyed in both formal and informal settings — and why we should teach evolution in the first place (e.g., preserving Earth’s biosphere).
Challenges and Opportunities for Teaching and Designing Effective K–12 Evolution Curricula
Authors: Beardsley Paul M. , Bloom Mark V. , Wise Sarah B. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter summarizes studies (up to 2009) on approaches to teaching evolution that provide evidence of effectiveness for teaching about evolution. Few studies exist at the elementary and middle school levels. At high school and undergraduate levels, a wide variety of results were reported. The lack of standard assessments and the variation in quality of assessments used limits comparisons among studies. Additionally, evolution education would benefit from more studies with rigorous experimental designs. With these limitations in mind, the review showed no support for lecture-based approaches, whereas inquiry-based and conceptual change approaches showed some evidence for support, especially when an appropriate amount of time was allotted. More research on the effect of making evolution relevant remains to be completed.
An Intentional Approach to Teaching Evolution
Authors: Southerland Sherry A. , Nadelson Louis S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEvolution education has been hampered by two conditions. The first is the perception that there is no need to understand anything beyond the short-term processes of evolution (microevolution) to be a functional citizen. The second is the overwhelming focus on microevolution in the biology curriculum — if evolution is taught, typically only microevolution is addressed. This chapter begins our chapter by building a case for the importance of student understanding of both micro- and macroevolution. Following this discussion, the chapter offers a description of a course designed using the findings of a wide body of research (cognitive science, nature of science, evolution education) that employs an intentional conceptual change approach to the learning of both micro and macroevolutionary concepts.
Walking Whales and Singing Flies
Authors: Diamond Judy , Evans E. Margaret , Spiegel Amy N. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter describes Explore Evolution, an influential exhibit developed for university museums in Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas with support from the National Science Foundation. Researchers intensively studied the exhibit’s impacts on visitor reasoning about evolution, and they gained new insight into how exhibits can influence visitor understanding of complex ideas. The research uncovered a significant finding: a single visit to the Explore Evolution exhibit improved visitors' ability to explain evolutionary problems. This significant, if incremental, change was seen across the participants, regardless of age, differing religious beliefs or prior knowledge. Moreover, visitors realized that evolution occurred regardless of the nature of the organism. Explore Evolution’s inclusion of diverse organisms helped visitors recognize that evolution occurs in all living things.
Introduction: Saddling the Drunken Mule
Authors: Barker David C. , Carman Christopher Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractShould the leaders you elect simply do what you tell them, even if it means compromising some of their deeply held beliefs? Or should they doggedly stand on principle, even if it means neglecting some of your demands for change? This chapter introduces our argument, namely that individuals have (latent) preferences for how they think political representation should work and that these preferences have very real consequences for the way representation does, in fact, work. After defining the basic concept of representation, and specifically the classic trustee/delegate model, this chapter specifies the hypotheses that will be addressed in subsequent chapters.
Mapping the Cultural and Partisan Divide in Representation Preferences
Authors: Barker David C. , Carman Christopher Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis chapter uses data from the 2006–2009 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) to test our expectation that cultural traditionalists (and especially evangelical Christians) tend to prefer trustee-style representation more instinctively than do other types of Americans. The chapter describes the results from a series of multiple regression analyses, each one predicting preferences for either instructed delegates or trustees from, in turn, measures of the value orientations which were described in Chapter 3, measures of traditionalistic Christian religiosity, which we have argued bring these value priorities together, and party identification. This chapter finds that the values of liberal popular democracy predict citizen preferences for instructed delegate-style representation, whereas Christian traditionalism predicts preferences for trustee-style representation. All of this ultimately translates into Democrats preferring the instructed delegate style more consistently than Republicans do.
Whose Justice?
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter confronts the “problem of pluralism”: How can an ethic of political reconciliation be applied in settings characterized by multiple religious and philosophical worldviews? The chapter sets forth two central tasks of the ethic. The first is to explicate justice. The second is to show how the ethic can become the object of an overlapping consensus among diverse traditions. The chapter focuses on the second task, proposing an approach it calls “rooted reason”-an approach that allows members of traditions to endorse the ethic on the basis of reasons internal to their tradition rather than subjecting their reasons to a “filter” such as secular language. The chapter discusses strategies and dilemmas for achieving an overlapping consensus.
The Basic Standards of Justice
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter sets forth moral standards that are basic and foundational to the ethic, defining those political injustices with which reconciliation concerns itself as well as the essential features of justice in a restored political community. While it is an essential argument of this book that justice involves far more than human rights and the laws of war, it encompasses these standards. Because of the foundational status of these standards, a closer look at them is a good place to begin the defense of the ethic.
The Wounds of Political Injustice
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter defines wounds of political injustice. It explains the difference between primary and secondary wounds. It also describes six primary wounds of political injustice: 1) the violation of the victim's basic human rights, 2) harms to the victim's person, 3) victims' ignorance of the source and circumstances of political injustices, 4) the lack of acknowledgment of the suffering of victims, 5) the standing victory of the wrongdoer's political injustice, and 6) harm to the person of the wrongdoer.
Is Reconciliation Fit for Politics?
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter considers criticisms of the reconciliation from two perspectives. The first is that of power, consisting of the realist school of international relations thought as well as analogous explanations for domestic politics. The second is that of skeptical versions of liberalism, which view reconciliation as interfering unjustly with personal autonomy. After seeking to answer both kinds of criticism, the chapter critiques liberal consequentialism.
Conclusion
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The conclusion sets forth five reasons why the ethic of political reconciliation matters. First, it matters because justice matters intrinsically. Second, it matters because justice motivates the actual players in the politics of dealing with the past. Third, the ethic contains implications for action, including criteria for judging actions and guidance into making choices about actions. Fourth, the ethic is distinct from other leading paradigms for peacebuilding. Fifth, the ethic makes a place for the contribution of religious traditions to the ethics of peacebuilding and brings them into conversation with secular thinking.
From Practicality to a New Messianism
Authors: Firestone Reuven 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
By the third decade of the twentieth century secular Labor Zionism dominated the Zionist Movement and actively engaged in redefining Jewish identity in non-religious, secular nationalist terms. At the very same time, an independent thinker and charismatic rabbi named Abraham Isaac Kook became the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of British Mandate Palestine. Kook was not typical of any of the camps, whether pro- or anti-Zionist, but attracted a following of idealistic and mystical Orthodox Jews to his atypical approach to living in and settling the Land of Israel. His obscure and mystical writings became virtually sacred texts among some, and exerted a profound influence on a small cadre of talented religious Zionists. Among his innovative ideas was a modern mystical view that war has a progressive role in the divine scheme. Kook was the first prominent thinker to discuss divinely authorized war outside of the parameters of the traditional rabbinic worldview.
1948 to 1967
Authors: Firestone Reuven 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The War of Independence was considered by virtually all Jews everywhere as a war of defence against Arab armies and irregulars who attempted to destroy the nascent Jewish state. Its success after the horrors of the Holocaust spawned an upsurge in messianic expectations that soon subsided under the pressure of building a state apparatus where none had existed previously. Much of the ideological fervour that drove the revolutionary movement of Zionism subsided in the face of the need for institution building and the absorption of masses of Jewish refugees from the Holocaust and Muslim lands in the Middle East and North Africa. The old ethos of avoiding war at all costs broke down during this period as well as punitive and pre-emptive military acts were carried out by Israeli forces against Arab militaries and civilian populations. Under the auspices of the military rabbinate, the Orthodox Jewish community begins to consider the sanctity of various portions of the traditional Land of Israel.
The 1980s
Authors: Firestone Reuven 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook symbolized and crystallized a trend that was developing organically in religious Zionism. He was uncompromising on the essentials of a messianic form of Zionism and popularized a combination of ultra-Orthodox absolutism with an ideology of human activism inherent in modern nationalist movements. This equation produced a militant nationalist messianism (or messianic nationalism). Kook considered the Three Vows to have been cancelled and taught that with God's sanction, the Jewish nation is on the final and inexorable path to divine redemption through building up the Land of Israel – all of the Land of Israel. God not only sanctions this redemptive moment of history but decrees it. Any compromise is a renunciation of the divine plan and a violation of God’s will. The movement that crystallized around Rabbi Kook actually carried the previously moderated and often unspoken messianic ideals of Religious Zionism to their logical conclusion, which resulted in a new contextualization and modern articulation of Jewish holy war.
SECRECY, SETTLEMENTS, AND MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATION
Authors: Helland Eric , Lee Gia 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter provides an empirical analysis of the impact of secrecy in civil litigation on settlement values and subsequent claims. The analysis focuses on the disclosure of medical malpractice data on websites in seventeen states. These states take two fundamentally different approaches to disclosure: some report all settlements on websites; others require trial and arbitration judgments to become public, but not private settlements. The study calls into question the claim that confidential settlement bans are unworkable or would overwhelm the civil justice system. It suggests that, at least in the medical malpractice context, average settlement values would decline. It points to two reasons for such decline that are not mutually exclusive. It suggests that some defendants value secrecy and currently pay a premium to ensure settlement secrecy. In mandatory disclosure regimes, litigants will be unwilling to pay the secrecy premium, and settlement values will decline. It further suggests that mandatory disclosure will generate additional lower value litigation.
TRANSPARENCY FOR CIVIL SETTLEMENTS: NASDAQ FOR LAWSUITS?
Authors: Yeazell Stephen 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter discusses transparency in the real world of civil litigation. It first lays out the case for seeing civil claims settlement as a market, followed by an explanation of how little we know about how bad our pricing information is. After a brief look at how our preoccupation with other, “flashier” forms of opacity in civil settlements has diverted attention from the real problem, it proposes a way to obtain accurate pricing information and reviews some obstacles that lie between here and the realization of that solution.
THE FUTURE OF COURT SYSTEM TRANSPARENCY
Authors: LoPucki Lynn M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter argues that existing technology is capable of rendering the court system almost completely transparent at nominal cost. “Transparent” means that the public would have online access not only to the documents in court files, but also to the answers to millions of the most important questions regarding the system's performance. The chapter summarizes a larger project in which the author sought to project the consequences of elimination of the two most important remaining barriers to federal court system transparency: the current charge of eight cents per page for obtaining court documents through PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records) and the need for human intervention to extract data from the PDF forms posted on PACER. It begins by describing the technological challenge of converting PACER data into useful views of the court system. It then turns to the substantial benefits that would flow from providing those views. Lastly, it lists and responds to the objections that have been, and will be, made to the federal courts' efforts to render their operations transparent.
TRANSPARENCY THROUGH INSURANCE: MANDATES DOMINATE DISCRETION
Authors: Baker Tom 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This chapter describes how liability insurance has contributed to the transparency of the civil justice system. It makes three main points. First, much of what we know about the empirics of the civil justice system comes from access to liability insurance data and personnel. Second, as long as access to liability insurance data and personnel depends on the discretion of liability insurance organizations, this knowledge will be incomplete and, most likely, biased in favor of the public policy agenda of the organizations providing discretionary access to the data. Third, although mandatory disclosure of liability insurance data would improve transparency, a reasonably complete understanding of the empirics of the civil justice system also requires mandatory disclosure of the payments and defense expenditures that are not covered by alternative risk transfer arrangements. The first part of the chapter describes existing approaches to transparency through liability insurance in the United States. The second part analyzes the role of liability insurance in promoting transparency in several discrete civil justice arenas—auto, medical, and products liability—and, for comparison purposes, workers' compensation. The concluding section addresses objectives to expanding mandatory claims reporting and links the discussion in this chapter to the literature on the relationship between liability and insurance more generally.