bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of secreted HMGB1 correlates with severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Kim Su Jin , Kim Tae Hoon , Chung Hyo Jin , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a chromatin protein that functions as a proinflammatory cytokine when secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the HMGB1 level in nasal secretions and the severity of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.Study DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsNasal secretions were obtained by irrigation of the affected sinonasal cavities with normal saline. Total 63 nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from 38 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Levels of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)−1β, and IL‐8 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Severity of inflammation was assessed by the Lund‐Mackay scoring system, which is based on preoperative computed tomography scans. Concurrent medical disorders, presence of nasal polyps, septal deviation, and allergic rhinitis were also investigated.ResultsThe level of HMGB1 in nasal lavage fluid was positively correlated with the Lund‐Mackay score. The score was the only factor associated with HMGB1 by univariate and multivariate analysis. Other cytokines, with the exception of IL‐8, were not correlated with the Lund‐Mackay score.ConclusionOur results showed that HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular area space in the upper airway, and HMGB1 levels in nasal lavage fluid correlate with severity of inflammation, as assessed by the Lund‐Mackay staging system for chronic rhinosinusitis. These results provide evidence for HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator associated with the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E225–E230, 2015
Olfactory performance after Crenotherapy in chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly
Authors: Cantone Elena , Maione Nunzia , Di Rubbo Vittoria , Esposito Fabrizio , Iengo Maurizio 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of crenotherapy on the olfactory performance of elderly patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignA longitudinal case‐control study of a cohort of elderly patients affected by CRS and olfactory dysfunction assessed with the Sniffin' Sticks (Burghart Medical Technology, Wedel, Germany) (SS) olfactory test.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐seven elderly subjects with CRS were divided into two groups. The investigational arm (n = 69) underwent crenotherapy with hyperthermal water, rich in mineral salts, and the control group (n = 68) underwent NaCl 0.9% both for 12 days. At baseline and at 1 and 6 months after treatment, both groups underwent ear nose and throat assessment and SS. Self‐report questionnaires were administered at baseline to evaluate the patients' own olfactory response, and after treatment to evaluate their degree tolerability. Olfactory performance was then evaluated in elderly subjects with hyposmia without CRS (n = 40) and in younger subjects with both hyposmia and CRS (n = 40).ResultsNo adverse reactions were reported after crenotherapy. The SS total score showed that crenotherapy induced a statistically significant improvement in the olfactory function of both the elderly and the younger subjects with hyposmia and CRS. By contrast, no improvement was observed in the control arm and in the elderly with hyposmia without CRS. All subjects showed a good degree of tolerability.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that crenotherapy effectively improves olfactory function in elderly patients with CRS. Finally, our study suggests that crenotherapy represents a safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRS and olfactory dysfunction in the elderly.Level of Evidence3B. Laryngoscope, 125:1529–1534, 2015
Cost of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Kristine A. , Orlandi Richard R. , Rudmik Luke 
Published: January 2015

Objective/Study DesignThe objective of this systematic review was to summarize the literature evaluating the costs associated with the management of adult chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.MethodsTwo separate authors systematically searched eight commonly used medical databases. Included articles were categorized into seven domains: 1) overall healthcare cost (direct and indirect), 2) resource utilization, 3) medical management strategies, 4) overall procedure cost of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), 5) intraoperative technologies, 6) ESS litigation, and 7) CRS diagnostics. To maintain a common currency for comparison, all costs were converted to 2014 United States dollars (USD) using an inflation calculator in September 2014.ResultsForty‐four studies were identified for inclusion. The range for overall CRS‐related healthcare costs was $6.9 to $9.9 billion 2014 USD per year. Indirect costs were estimated as $13 billion 2014 USD per year. Annual medication costs prior to ESS ranged between $1,547 and $2,700 2014 USD per patient, with a uniform reduction in costs after ESS. The overall US cost of outpatient ESS ranged from $8,200 to $10,500 2014 USD per case. The overall annual economic burden of CRS in the United States was estimated to be $22 billion 2014 USD (direct and indirect costs).ConclusionThe results of this systematic review have demonstrated substantial direct and indirect costs associated with the management of adult CRS. Future research should continue to improve the costing data, which can be used to improve the value of care provided for this chronic inflammatory disease.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1547–1556, 2015
Examination of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) changes associated with vascular pedicle occlusion in a rat Island flap model using near‐Infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kagaya Yu , Ohura Norihiko , Kurita Masakazu , Takushima Akihiko , Harii Kiyonori 
Published: January 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to perform continuous StO2 monitoring of rat island flaps during pedicle vessel occlusion using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in order to collect experimental data for StO2 flap monitoring under optimized conditions.Materials and methodsTwenty rats were used in this study. The 3 × 3 cm2 epigastric skin island flaps were elevated on either side. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups; an arterial occlusion group (n = 10) and a venous occlusion group (n = 10). The StO2 values of the flaps were observed for over 30 min for the pedicle artery or venous occlusion, followed by an additional 30 min release.ResultsThe baseline StO2 value was 78.4% ± 3.2% in the arterial occlusion group, compared to 78.5% ± 5.8% in the venous occlusion group, with no significant differences (P > 0.05). The StO2 values decreased immediately after arterial occlusion, whereas a temporal StO2 increase was initially observed after venous occlusion, followed by a StO2 decrease. The StO2 values decreased 27.3% ± 7.1% after arterial occlusion and 28.4% ± 19.1% after venous occlusion at 30 min after pedicle vessel clamping (P > 0.05). The StO2 values were 0.4% ± 5.8% lower than baseline 30 min after arterial release (P > 0.05), while 18.9% ± 11.3% lower than baseline 30 min after venous release (P < 0.01).ConclusionNIRS can be used to indicate StO2 changes in flaps with the pedicle vessel occlusion and differentiate between pedicle artery and vein occlusion. Further investigations are needed to obtain definitive evidence associated with predicting the degree of flap viability and determine the practical use of this technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:393–398, 2015.
Predicting Novel Antitumor Agents: 3D‐Pharmacophore Mapping of β‐N‐biaryl Ether Sulfonamide‐Based Hydroxamates as Potentially MMP‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Medeiros Turra Kely , Pineda Rivelli Diogo , Berlanga de Moraes Barros Silvia , Fernanda Mesquita Pasqualoto Kerly 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a group of enzymes related to extracelular matrix remodeling. Some types of MMP are overexpressed by malignant tumors, mainly the MMP‐2 subtype, and have been associated to cancer invasiveness and metastasis. A receptor‐independent (RI) 4D‐QSAR formalism was applied, herein, to a set of forty β‐N‐biaryl ether sulfonamide hydroxamates, previously reported as potent MMP‐2 inhibitors, in order to map 3D‐pharmacophore models and predict novel antitumor agents. The best RI 4D‐QSAR model was statistically significant (N=30, r2=0.93, q2=0.88, five occupancy descriptors (GCOD), LSE=0.04, LOF=0.11, outliers=0), robust and not obtained by chance. The external predictability was 75 % (test set; N=8). A different orientation (binding mode) in the MMP‐2 catalytic site was suggested regarding the most hydrophobic portion (R1) of the compounds’ structure. Compounds were predicted and their inhibitory activity against MMP‐2 was calculated by using the optimum RI 4D‐QSAR model. The findings have provided interesting information to drive the designing and synthesis of novel potentially MMP‐2 inhibitors against melanoma invasion.
Hit Expansion from Screening Data Based upon Conditional Probabilities of Activity Derived from SAR Matrices
Authors: Gupta‐Ostermann Disha , Balfer Jenny , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new methodology for activity prediction of compounds from SAR matrices is introduced that is based upon conditional probabilities of activity. The approach has low computational complexity, is primarily designed for hit expansion from biological screening data, and accurately predicts both active and inactive compounds. Its performance is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art machine learning methods such as support vector machines or Bayesian classification. Matrix‐based activity prediction of virtual compounds further extends the spectrum of computational methods for compound design.
Plastik, das den Flammen trotzt
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDie meisten Kohlenwasserstoffe brennen gut — Kunststoffe sind keine Ausnahme. Aber der Sicherheit wegen dürfen Computergehäuse, Flugzeugsitze und Kabelisolierungen kein Feuer fangen — hier ist Chemie gefragt.
Die Brennstoffzelle der Knallgasbakterien
Authors: Michael Groß  
Published: January 2015

AbstractManche Bakterienarten gewinnen Energie für ihren Stoffwechsel, indem sie Wasserstoff mit Sauerstoff reagieren lassen. Dafür müssen sich die wasserstoffspaltenden Enzyme, die Hydrogenasen, anpassen, deren häufigere Versionen keinen Sauerstoff vertragen. Sauerstofftolerante Hydrogenasen könnten auch in biotechnischen Brennstoffzellen und der lichtgetriebenen Wasserstoffproduktion nützlich sein.
Den Vertrieb optimieren
Authors: Griese‐Michels Carolin , Stemmer Robert , Dominik Möchel  
Published: January 2015

AbstractWie behaupten sich Spezialchemieunternehmen in einem zunehmend umkämpften Marktumfeld, um die Basis für profitables Wachstum zu schaffen? Commercial Excellence ist hierfür unerlässlich.
Energieeffizienz und Prozessbeschleunigung
Authors: Bazzanella Alexis , Schulz Linus 
Published: January 2015

AbstractModular aufgebaute Anlagen erleichtern die Entwicklung neuer Herstellprozesse, Lieferketten lassen sich flexibler gestalten. Die Anlagenkomponenten unterstützen auch kleine und mittlere Unternehmen.
Mykotoxine in Lebens‐ und Futtermitteln
Authors: Berthiller Franz , Binder Eva Maria , Krska Rudolf 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSchimmelpilzgifte zählen zu den wichtigsten Kontaminanten in Lebensmitteln. Zum Stand der Technik beim analytischen Nachweis dieser Toxine wurden in den letzten zehn Jahren hochempfindliche auf LC‐MS/(MS) basierende Multianalytmethoden.
Efficacy of CPX‐351, (cytarabine:daunorubicin) liposome injection, against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenograft models of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program
Authors: Carol Hernan , Fan Mannie M. Y. , Harasym Troy O. , Boehm Ingrid , Mayer Lawrence D. , Houghton Peter , Smith Malcolm A. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCPX‐351, a liposomal formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin co‐encapsulated at an optimized synergistic 5:1 molar ratio, has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes over conventional cytarabine/daunorubicin treatment in a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with AML as well as superior efficacy against preclinical leukemia models when compared to the free drugs in combination.ProceduresGiven the promising phase 2 data, limited toxicities observed, and the known clinical activities of cytarabine/daunorubicin, we assessed the efficacy of CPX‐351 against a panel of childhood ALL xenograft models. Plasma pharmacokinetics of cytarabine and daunorubicin following CPX‐351 treatment were determined by HPLC in order to correlate efficacy with drug exposure.ResultsCPX‐351, at a dose of 5 units/kg (corresponding to 5 mg/kg cytarabine and 2.2 mg/kg daunorubicin), was highly efficacious against all xenografts tested, inducing complete responses in four B‐lineage xenografts and partial response in one T‐lineage xenograft. These therapeutic responses were achieved with CPX‐351 doses that provided drug exposures (based on Cmax and AUC) comparable to those observed in patients with AML.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CPX‐351 may be a promising chemotherapeutic to be utilized in the treatment of ALL and support its testing in pediatric patients with leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:65–71. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of polypyrrole nanoparticles and their composites: effect of electronic properties on hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Attia Nour F , Lee Sang M , Kim Hae J , Geckeler Kurt E 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA facile method for the preparation of electrically conducting polypyrrole nanoparticles and their nanocomposites with single‐walled and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes was developed. The polypyrrole nanoparticle size and conductivity varied as a function of reaction time with an average size of 143–195 nm and a conductivity of 0.43–0.82 S cm−1. The change in the electronic properties of the conducting nanocomposites and the influence of this change on the adsorption of hydrogen molecules onto the nanocomposites were investigated by considering the effect of the π‐electron system on the hydrogen adsorption mechanism. The nanocomposite materials were characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, thermogravimetric analysis and electrical conductivity measurements. The hydrogen adsorption was measured volumetrically using a commercial computer‐controlled pressure–composition–temperature method and was found to be 1.14 to 2.75 wt% at cryogenic conditions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐Scale Synthesis of a Porous Co3O4 Nanostructure and Its Application in Metastable Intermolecular Composites
Authors: Wang Jun , Qiao Zhiqiang , Shen Jinpeng , Li Rui , Yang Yuntao , Yang Guangcheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional nanostructured porous Co3O4 was synthesized on a silicon substrate via a hydrothermal route in conjunction with annealing treatment. The structure and morphology of the obtained Co3O4 samples were systemically examined using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The Co3O4 structures were composed of nanosheets forming a pore‐network architecture that promoted Al penetration into its inner regions during deposition resulting in enhanced interfacial contact area, which significantly improve metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) burning rate and the release of energy. The successfully Co3O4 was used to synthesize Al/Co3O4 based MICs by integration with nano‐Al deposited via thermal evaporation. The heat of reaction of Al/Co3O4, particularly the exothermic reaction before Al melting, was greatly enhanced by the Co3O4 nanostructures. The Al/Co3O4 based MICs were fabricated on a silicon substrate, which is very convenient for integrating MICs with silicon‐based microelectromechanical systems to achieve functional nanoenergetics‐on‐a‐chip.
A magnetic field tuned metal–insulator transition in unconventional metallic K‐doped MoO
Authors: Alves L. M. S. , de Lima B. S. , dos Santos C. A. M. , da Luz M. S. , Neumeier J. J. , Yu Yi‐Kuo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper reports magnetoresistance measurements in polycrystalline samples of KMoO which demonstrate the occurrence of metal–insulator transition driven by magnetic field. The results are consistent with the Bose metal scenario and the two parameter scaling analysis proposed by Das and Doniach was applied. The results suggest a possible explanation for the unconventional metallic behavior observed in the KMoO compound.
Scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy of graphene on metals
Authors: Dedkov Yuriy , Voloshina Elena , Fonin Mikhail 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGraphene, a two‐dimensional (2D) material with unique electronic properties, appears to be an ideal object for the application of surface‐science methods. Among them, a family of scanning probe microscopy methods (STM, AFM, KPFM) and the corresponding spectroscopy add‐ons provide information about the structure and electronic properties of graphene on the local scale (from m to atoms). This review focuses on the recent applications of these microscopic/spectroscopic methods for the investigation of graphene on metals (interfaces, intercalation‐like systems, graphene nanoribbons, and quantum dots, etc.). It is shown that very important information about interaction strength at the graphene/metal interfaces as well as about modification of the electronic spectrum of graphene at the Fermi level can be obtained on the local scale. The combination of these results with those obtained by other methods and comparison with recent theoretical data demonstrate the power of this approach for the investigation of the graphene‐based systems.STM image of a graphene island (quantum dot) on Ir(111).
Vision‐based variable impedance control with oscillation observer for respiratory motion compensation during robotic needle insertion: a preliminary test
Authors: Cho Chang Nho , Seo Jong Hyun , Kim Hong Rae , Jung Hyunchul , Kim Kwang Gi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the radiation exposure of patients and physicians during needle‐based procedures, robotic needle insertion systems have been widely developed. However, during robotic needle insertion, the respiratory motion of the patient can cause serious injury.MethodsA vision‐based variable impedance control algorithm was introduced to compensate for the respiratory motion. The algorithm controls the robot so that the applied forces and moments on the needle are zero. Also, an oscillation observer was introduced to ensure patient safety. A preliminary test was performed using a seven degrees of freedom (7‐DOF) robot and a phantom.ResultIt was found that the proposed algorithm greatly decreases damage to the phantom due to respiratory motion. Also, the proposed oscillation observer was able to ensure robot stability.ConclusionsThe proposed control scheme allows the robot to compensate for the respiratory motion to ensure patient safety during a needle‐based procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust and privacy‐preserving aggregation scheme for secure smart grid communications in digital communities
Authors: Fu Shuai , Ma Jianfeng , Li Hongtao , Jiang Qi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBy offering indisputable advantages over traditional grid including remote readings and load balancing, smart grid is regarded as the modernization of the electricity delivery system. In this paper, we propose a privacy‐preserving and secure multi‐dimensional aggregation scheme for smart grid communications in digital communities. By integrating privacy homomorphism encryption with aggregation signature scheme, data authentication and integrity protection are performed and proved without disclosing any fine‐grained user consumption data. The construction of member list allows the fault tolerance of our scheme against accidental errors. In addition, the batch verification technique is adopted to reduce the computation cost of the operation center, and each user's computation cost is independent of the number of collected data types. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed scheme can resist various security threats and preserve identity privacy and has significantly less communication overhead and computation cost than other existing approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connectionist perspectives on language learning, representation and processing
Authors: Joanisse Marc F. , McClelland James L. 
Published: January 2015

The field of formal linguistics was founded on the premise that language is mentally represented as a deterministic symbolic grammar. While this approach has captured many important characteristics of the world's languages, it has also led to a tendency to focus theoretical questions on the correct formalization of grammatical rules while also de‐emphasizing the role of learning and statistics in language development and processing. In this review we present a different approach to language research that has emerged from the parallel distributed processing or 'connectionist' enterprise. In the connectionist framework, mental operations are studied by simulating learning and processing within networks of artificial neurons. With that in mind, we discuss recent progress in connectionist models of auditory word recognition, reading, morphology, and syntactic processing. We argue that connectionist models can capture many important characteristics of how language is learned, represented, and processed, as well as providing new insights about the source of these behavioral patterns. Just as importantly, the networks naturally capture irregular (non‐rule‐like) patterns that are common within languages, something that has been difficult to reconcile with rule‐based accounts of language without positing separate mechanisms for rules and exceptions. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:235–247. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1340This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Psychology > Language
Neuroscience > Computation
The future of electric vehicles: prospects and impediments
Authors: Ajanovic Amela 
Published: January 2015

In recent years, about a century after reaching their first prime in the early 1900s, electric vehicles (EVs) have received growing attention again. Politicians in various countries have recognized EVs as a promising technological alternative to fossil fuel driven cars in combating global warming. However, for a broader market penetration considerable barriers have to be removed. The most important are high investment costs and low driving ranges, both caused by the major weakness of EVs—their battery. The core objective of this article is to investigate the future market prospects of various types of EVs, with the economics of EVs in comparison to conventional cars playing a key role. Only if the final driving costs can be considerably reduced will EVs gain significant market shares. In addition to this also the environmental aspects are very important because they are a major motivation in supporting and promotion of EVs. However, the policies and measures implemented vary between countries, meaning there is huge potential for an exchange of lessons learned. The major conclusion of this article is that future prospects of EVs are only bright if the costs of batteries can be brought down through technological learning and if improved storage can lead to higher driving ranges. However, to harvest the full environmental benefits of EVs the electricity for EVs must be generated from renewable energy sources. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:521–536. doi: 10.1002/wene.160This article is categorized under:

Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Economics and Policy