bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary history of North America and adjacent oceans
Authors: Wright H. E. , Ruddiman W. F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This Quaternary volume in the D-NAG series is to be topical rather than regional. The Quaternary is characterized by major environmental changes, and an understanding of the dynamic interactions of physical, chemical, and biological processes during the Quaternary can illuminate the operation of the natural world and the formation of the geologic record.
The book will be in two parts, the first of which will be concerned with the last deglaciation, approximately 18,000 to 6,000 years ago. For this interval, a wealth of information exists, closely controlled in chronology by radiocarbon dating. The approach here will be to focus on the response of natural processes to the climatic forcing that initiated the deglaciation, including (1) the relative sequencing of the various climatic responses and (2) the interrelations among these processes. The last deglaciation is the most accessible geologically and is representative of earlier major deglaciations, each of which brought to an end 100,000-year-long cycles of global climatic deterioration. Thus determining the speed, timing, and mechanism of the most recent deglaciation is fundamental to an understanding of the origin of these 100,000-year cycles that constitute the dominant rhythm of Quaternary climate.
The second part of the volume will treat the record prior to the last deglaciation—the Early and Middle Wisconsinan and previous glacial and interglacial cycles. The major discovery that many more climatic cycles are recorded in ocean cores than are thought to be evident in the terrestrial record and that the glacial intervals were consistently longer than the interglacials has added a new dimension to concepts of Quaternary climatic change.
The Cordilleran Orogen
Authors: Burchfiel B. C. , Lipman Peter W. , Eaton Gordon P. , Smith Robert B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Cordilleran sector within the conterminous United States extends from the offshore continental borderlands of the Pacific margin eastward as far as the Black Hills of South Dakota and the mountains of west Texas. It ranges from 800 to 1,600 km wide and is physiographically complex, consisting of high mountains, intervening lowlands, and plateaus that rise from the more gentle continental interior. The physiography of the Cordillera largely reflects the younger underlying structure, and the present orogenic belt has east and west limits coincident with its physiography.
As physiographically defined, however, (Fig. 1) the U.S. Cordillera thus includes diverse older sedimentary, igneous, and tectonic elements varying widely in age, geographic distribution, and geologic significance. Included are the margin of the Precambrian crystalline craton; an extensive cratonic sedimentary sequence developed along a passive margin in latest Precambrian and early Paleozoic time; a collage of terranes accreted to North America intermittently from middle Paleozoic time through the end of Mesozoic time; the igneous and tectonic record of successive plate-convergence events, probably beginning with Antler deformation in middle Paleozoic time and culminating in a fully developed Andean margin late in Mesozoic time; eastward Laramide migration of igneous and tectonic features related to plate convergence in early Cenozoic time; and gradual termination of subduction-related activity and inception of extensional and transform tectonic regimes later in Cenozoic time.
We have selected a time-slice organization for the syn-thesis of these diverse features. Ultimately, it is the grouping of events by their contemporaneity that permits an understanding of the kinematic and dynamic systems responsible for these events.
The Geologic Regions of Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Gutiérrez F. , Guerrero-García J. C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this volume will be to present the state of modern knowledge about the geology of the most important geologic regions of Mexico (Table 1). These regions were carefully selected on the basis of their geographic, chronological, and tectonic characteristics in order to enhance regional discussion and correlation with adjacent areas.
Mexico is a country endowed with an enormous variety of geological systems and mineral wealth. Doubtless, the geologic record of Mexico and its present tectonic activity will reveal many elements of basic importance to the resolution of some of the fundamental problems faced today by the science of geology.
In the recent geologic past, hundreds of thousands of cubic kilometers of volcanic material of felsic composition were “added” in a few million years to the Mexican continental crust. Where did this material come from? Was it extracted from the mantle, or from the fusion of older continental crust?
The answers to these sorts of questions could influence in a most definite way the presently debated theories explaining the petrologic evolution of the crust and mantle of the earth since the beginning of geologic history.
The study of recent tectonic activity in the Gulf of California and in the Acapulco Trench can be of primary importance to the understanding of those geologic processes that have shaped the lithosphere at least in Phanerozoic time, that is, ocean expansion and contraction.
This volume, as conceived, will deal with the geology of all Mexico: two billion years of geologic history written across two million square kilometers of exposed land.
Environmental Geology
Authors: Hall Vivian S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As a result of the energy shortage and the environmental problems which have been thrust on us in the 70’s, geologists, engineers, government personnel, professional planners, and concerned citizens alike must learn to preserve, control and to intelligently use the resources and the environment in an environmentally accepted fashion. The probable consequences of proposed land use planning must be known before the changes actually take place. Effective measures must be found to control the pollution of water resources. In order to solve these problems researchers must have material from a multi-disciplinary environmental area. Recent substantial information concerning urban planning and man's impact on the environment is scattered in the professional journals of many fields or disciplines. Although many good monographs and handbooks have been written on one or the other of the aspects of these problems, a need exists for an environmental bibliography which pulls this information together. This selective reference list of more than 4200 citations was compiled to help meet this need.
Precambrian Geochronology of North America
Authors: Vugrinovich Raymond G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This bibliography is an attempt to bring together as many of the studies dealing with the Precambrian geochronology of North America as possible, and to provide a short summary of each study. Journal articles, symposium and conference papers, abstracts, and those Ph.D. theses found in Dissertation Abstracts International covering the period 1951 through 1977 are included. The summaries are designed to give a review of the results of each study. They are not intended to serve as substitutes for the original papers. For this reason changes in decay constants, errors in measurements and ages, analytical techniques, and sections of papers dealing with subjects other than geochronology have been largely ignored. This bibliography was conceived as a source to which a worker could turn to find geochronological studies relevant to a particular area. Studies dealing solely with refinements in decay constants, improvements in analytical or mathematical techniques, and laboratory studies of the behavior of isotope systems under conditions approximating metamorphic environments have not been included. Abstracts reporting preliminary results have been included if the full-length paper was published at least one year later.
Appalachian Geomorphology; An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Mills Hugh H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
During the first several decades of the twentieth century, there was much interest in the geomorphology of the Appalachians. When concern with erosion cycles and long-term drainage evolution gave way to concern with processes and mechanics in the late 1940s, however, geomorphic research in the Appalachians dropped off precipitously. With the notable exception of John Hack, relatively little work in this area was carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. In the past decade, however, interest in the geomorphology of the Appalachian region has revived considerably. This annotated bibliography of 1,200 items is published in the hopes that it will both stimulate interest as well as facilitate research in the region. The area covered most thoroughly by the bibliography is the unglaciated Appalachian Highlands (i.e., the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau provinces).
Vascular geometry of the extracranial carotid arteries: an analysis of length, diameter, and tortuosity
Authors: Choudhry Farooq A , Grantham John T , Rai Ansaar T , Hogg Jeffery P 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundStable access is essential for successful intracranial interventions. Quantifying variations in extracranial carotid arteries may help in the selection and development of access catheters. This study describes the vascular dimensions from the aortic arch to the skull base.MethodsCT angiography analysis was performed on 100 patients. The lengths, diameters, and tortuosity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) were measured from the aortic arch to the skull base.ResultsThe mean±SD length of the carotid artery from the aortic arch to the skull base was 22.2±2.2 cm for the right side and 20.8±1.9 cm for the left side (p<0.0001). The length of the right CCA was 13.6±1.2 cm and the length of the left CCA was 12.4±1.4 cm (p<0.0001). The length of the right ICA was 8.6±1.4 cm compared with 8.4±1.4 cm for the left ICA (p=0.3). The ICA length in men and women was 8.9±1.3 cm and 8.2±1.3 cm, respectively (p=0.0001), and the CCA length in men and women was 13.6±1.5 cm and 12.3±1.6 cm, respectively (p<0.0001). The lengths of the CCA and ICA in patients aged ≥60 years were 13.3±1.7 cm and 8.9±1.5 cm, respectively compared with 12.8±1.7 cm and 8.2±1.1 cm, respectively, for patients aged <60 years (p=0.04 for CCA, p=0.0002 for ICA). Tortuosity of the CCA and ICA was 1.2±0.2 and 1.3±0.1, respectively, in patients aged ≥60 years compared with 1.1±0.1 for both the ICA and CCA in patients aged <60 years (p<0.0001 for both). There was a consistent ratio of CCA/ICA length of 1.6±0.3 on the right and 1.5±0.3 on the left (p<0.0001). The arterial diameters did not show any significant difference.ConclusionsThe distance from the aortic arch to the skull base is longer on the right than on the left side. Both the CCA and ICA are longer in men and in patients aged ≥60 years. The tortuosity of both segments significantly increases with age.
αβ TCR-Mediated Recognition: Relevance to Tumor-Antigen Discovery and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Reinherz Ellis L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstractαβ T lymphocytes sense perturbations in host cellular body components induced by infectious pathogens, oncogenic transformation, or chemical or physical damage. Millions to billions of these lymphocytes are generated through T-lineage development in the thymus, each endowed with a clonally restricted surface T-cell receptor (TCR). An individual TCR has the capacity to recognize a distinct “foreign” peptide among the myriad of antigens that the mammalian host must be capable of detecting. TCRs explicitly distinguish foreign from self-peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This is a daunting challenge, given that the MHC-linked peptidome consists of thousands of distinct peptides with a relevant nonself target antigen often embedded at low number, among orders of magnitude higher frequency self-peptides. In this Masters of Immunology article, I review how TCR structure and attendant mechanobiology involving nonlinear responses affect sensitivity as well as specificity to meet this requirement. Assessment of human tumor-cell display using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry physical detection methods that quantify epitope copy number can help to provide information about requisite T-cell functional avidity affording protection and/or therapeutic immunity. Future rational CD8 cytotoxic T-cell–based vaccines may follow, targeting virally induced cancers, other nonviral immunogenic tumors, and potentially even nonimmunogenic tumors whose peptide display can be purposely altered by MHC-binding drugs to stimulate immune attack. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(4); 305–12. ©2015 AACR.
Developing a Wireline-Log Database and a Basis for Determining Reservoir Porosity
Authors: Kane Jeffrey A. , Jennings James W. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We present the procedures used to develop an accurate wireline-log database for the Fullerton Clear Fork field reservoir. We first review the borehole logging history of the field then discuss the assembly and quality checking of the log data and normalization of neutron-porosity logs, and calibration to core porosity. The procedures documented here deviate somewhat from the norm in that the assembly of the database and quality control of data occurred concurrent with data interpretation. Because of the complex nature of the field data, traditional log-normalization methods were not adequate. A method of normalization is described that is a modification of traditional methods, which overcomes the unique problems of the Fullerton Clear Fork reservoir.
Calculation of Permeability and Initial Water Saturations from Wireline Logs in a Mature Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Jerry Lucia F. , Kane Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Estimating permeability from wireline logs has been difficult historically because of the large petrophysical heterogeneity typical of carbonate rocks. A simple relationship between porosity and permeability has not been observed, only between porosity, permeability, and pore size. In Clear Fork carbonates at Fullerton field, pore size is related to rock fabrics. Permeability was calcu-lated for each well using porosity from wireline logs and rock-fabric information from stratigraphic relationships. Permeability profiles, calculated using a global transform, compare well with core permeability values. An exception is in the lower section of the reservoir (Wichita Formation), where karst fabrics are present, suggesting a touching-vug pore system.
Initial water saturation is required for estimating original oil in place and for flow simulation studies. Because most of the original wells in this field had very old log suites and the new wells were drilled after the advent of waterflooding, calculation of initial water saturation from wireline logs for most of these wells was not feasible. In this study, initial water saturations were calculated using capillary-pressure models generated for each petrophysical rock-fabric class. A generic rock-fabric model for class 1 fabrics was used, and new rock-fabric models were developed for class 2 and class 3 fabrics using the Thomeer approach. Water saturations calculated from capillary-pressure models show good agreement to saturations calculated using the Archie equation from wireline logs in intervals thought to be unflooded. The success of the rock-fabric-based method in calculating permeability and saturation in the Fullerton Clear Fork reservoir illustrates how valuable this technique can be in defining the petrophysical properties in carbonate reservoirs.
Construction and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Seismic Porosity Inversion Models
Authors: Zeng Hongliu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Geology-guided reconditioning of seismic data is the key to improving extraction of relevant geologic information from three-dimensional (3-D) data volumes. In the Fullerton Clear Fork reservoir, the most convenient and useful tools for data reconditioning are phase shifting and high-frequency enhancement. A simple seismic phase rotation (to 90°) reconditions seismic data for impedance representation, roughly linking seismic amplitude directly to log lithology and porosity and making stratigraphic correlation more accurate. High-frequency enhancement raises the dominant frequency of 3-D seismic data from 30 to 50 Hz, improving seismic resolution without significantly deteriorating signal-to-noise ratio. More accurate and finer scale seismic mapping of reservoir parameters is achieved from model-based progressive inversion that seamlessly integrates geologic interpretation of well-derived seismic data and model-based seismic inversion for high-resolution (2 ft [0.6 m]) impedance models.
A globalização das produções científicas
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: April 2015

<p>À medida que crescem as exigências para o ingresso em programas de pós-graduações, aumentam também a pressão para que os alunos e professores brasileiros publiquem cada vez mais em periódicos internacionais. Esta situação impulsiona os periódicos nacionais a trabalharem para atender critérios de internacionalização, de forma a se tornarem cada vez mais reconhecidos pela comunidade científica nacional e internacional.</p>
Trans-disciplinary Research: An Academic-Practitioner Partnership Effort on Investigating the Relationship between the Cooperative Model and Sustainability
Authors: Newell Robert , Dale Ann , Herbert Yuill , Duguid Fiona , Foon Rebecca , Hough Peter 
Published: April 2015

<p>This article details novel research methodology developed through a researcher-practitioner partnership and employed in a three-phase research effort that explored relationships between the co-operative model and sustainable development. Firstly, a basic understanding of the characteristics of the co-operative model was established using the co-operative principles as a framework, and their complementarity to sustainable development was examined by comparing them with sustainability theory, principles and best practices (defined through seminal journal articles on the topic). Secondly, relationships between sustainability theory and the ideas and operations of currently functioning co-operatives were investigated, namely, whether co-operatives had integrated sustainability into their organizations. Thirdly, an integrated analysis that examined the relationship between co-operatives, the co-operative principles and sustainability concepts was conducted, and output from this work was used to build a visualization (referred to as the ‘Co-operative Star’), specifically designed to communicate a synthesis of research findings to diverse audiences. This study specifically focused on co-operatives and sustainability; however, the analytical techniques developed and employed have applications for other research involving comparisons between concepts and large bodies of literature, and it is particularly useful for comparing theoretical works (such as academic literature) with texts that discuss operations and practices (such as website and reports).</p>
An Early Paleogene Submarine Canyon and Fan System
Authors: Fischer Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA late Paleocene -early Eocene submarine canyon and fan complex, the Meganos Formation (or “Channel”) is exposed in the homoclinal sequence of Mesozoic to late Eocene age sediments that form the northern flank of Mount Diablo. Along this outcrop, the Meganos Formation comprises a narrow belt, 16 km long and one km wide. Exposures of the canyon-fill mudstones are largely masked by the alluvium of Deer Valley, but the resistant sandstones and conglomerates of the fan are well exposed along the southwest ridge flanking the valley.Canyon fed sediments spilled onto the late Paleocene -early Eocene basin floor(?) and subsequently filled the lower canyon. These sediments may be divided into two facies: (1) a lower submarine fan facies of coarse-grained clastic material; and (2) an upper mudstone canyon-fill sequence. The submarine fan facies is particularly well exposed from its basal contact, which unconformably overlies the lower Paleocene Martinez Formation, to the base of the overlying mudstone or canyon-fill facies. Within this basal sequence, fan channels are filled with disorganized conglomerates and pebbly sandstones. Boulders over 2 m in diameter are the largest clasts found in the basal channel-fills near Oil Creek. The canyon fan sequence fines vertically upwards in general aspect from basal inner fan channels to the thin sandstones of the outer fan facies and finally the mudstone of the basin plain(?) and fill.Based upon palinspastic reconstructions a minimum wall height of the submarine canyon in the vicinity of the inner fan is estimated to have been 800 m. The submarine fan was 450 m thick and the overlying mudstone of the canyon-fill facies was at least 675 m thick.The series of north-trending high angle normal faults that cut the outcrop belt are dated as Maastrichtian-earliest Paleocene to middle Eocenein age. Palinspastic restoration of Paleocene and lower Eocene units demonstrates uplift to the east, west and possibly south during this time. Uplift related to the normal faulting controlled the position of the submarine fan system and possibly the canyon. The location of the early Paleogene Meganos and underlying Martinez canyon-fan complexes and younger (Eocene) canyons in the deepest portion of southwest tilted graben that forms the Sacramento basin suggests regional and long term tectonic control. Perhaps this southern basin edge was bounded by an ancestral Stockton Arch-Mt. Diablo uplift. This major tectonic feature may be the expression of a change of subduction rate or direction of the Early Tertiary trench system.
Sedimentary Facies and Depositional Environments of the Big Blue
Formation Between Anticline Ridge and the Domengine Ranch
Authors: Bate Matthew A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Big Blue Formation conformably overlies the Temblor Formation along the northeast flank of the Coalinga anticline, but is progressively truncated beneath the late Miocene Santa Margarita Formation. The near continuous exposures of yellow, orange, brown, red, and blue sediments are almost exclusively composed of detrital serpentinite. Several authors (Eckel and Myers, 1946; Cowan and Mansfield, 1970) noted the proximity of the thickest Big Blue exposures to the large (19 × 6 km) serpentine body atop San Joaquin Ridge, near the mining town of New Idria, and suggested a relationship between the two. This inferred, but poorly understood relationship between the technically emplaced serpenti nite mass at New Idria, exposed up-plunge from the San Joaquin-Coalinga anticline and the sedimentary serpentinite, was significantly clarified by Dickinson and Casey,(1976). They recognized the non-detrital character of much of the Big Blue Formation and distinguished a chaotic facies that represents protrusive serpentinite flows that resulted from massive protrusive emplacement of serpentine, associated with a major episode of diapiric movement. The major uplift occured in late middle Miocene (Luisian) time, depositing between 5 and 10 cubic miles of serpentinite debris (Eckel and Myers, 1946). Dickinson (1966) likewise called upon extrusive sheets of serpentine to explain similar deposits to the south on Table Mountain, west of Reef Ridge.
The upper Temblor Formation is grey-green silty claystone overlain by 22 m of an increasingly coarse sand and pebble interval. The lowest 5 m are very fine-grained sandstone, planar bedded with thin silt-stone layers. The next 3 m are generally medium-grained sandstone, with wel 1-cemented si Itstone inter-beds.