bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First assessment of water and carbon cycles in two tropical coastal rivers of south‐west India: an isotopic approach
Authors: Tripti M. , Lambs L. , Otto T. , Gurumurthy G. P. , Teisserenc R. , Moussa I. , Balakrishna K. , Probst J. L. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEThe contribution of tropical coastal rivers to the global carbon budget remains unmeasured, despite their high water dynamics, i.e. higher run‐off with their basin characteristic of warm temperature. Two rivers draining the western part of the Western Ghats, the Swarna (length 80 km) and Nethravati (147 km) Rivers, were studied for water and carbon cycles.METHODSThe stable isotope ratios of oxygen (δ18O values), hydrogen (δ2H values) and carbon (δ13C values) were used to understand the water circulation, the weathering processes and the carbon biogeochemical cycle. The river water samples were collected during the dry post‐monsoonal season (November 2011).RESULTSThe δ18O and δ2H values of river water suggested that the monsoonal vapour source and its high recycling have a dominant role because of the orographical and tropical conditions. The absence of calcareous rocks has led to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) mainly originating from atmospheric/soil CO2, via rock‐weathering processes, and the low soil organic matter combined with high run‐off intensity has led to low riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents. The δ13C values increase from upstream to downstream and decrease with increasing pCO2. There is a positive relationship between the δ13CDIC values and the DOC concentrations in these two rivers that is contrary to that in most of the studied rivers of the world.CONCLUSIONSThe higher evapotranspiration supported by tropical conditions suggests that there are higher vapour recycling process in the Swarna and Nethravati basins as studied from the water δ18O and δ2H values. The basin characteristics of higher rainfall/run‐off accompanied by warm temperature suggest that the δ13C value of riverine DIC is mainly controlled by the weathering of source rocks (silicates) with variation along the river course by CO2 degassing from the river water to the atmosphere and is less dominated by the oxidation of DOC. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel oral tracer procedure for measurement of habitual myofibrillar protein synthesis
Authors: MacDonald A. J. , Small A. C. , Greig C. A. , Husi H. , Ross J. A. , Stephens N. A. , Fearon K. C. H. , Preston T. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEConventionally, myofibrillar protein synthesis is measured over time periods of hours. In clinical studies, interventions occur over weeks. Functional measures over such periods may be more representative. We aimed to develop a novel method to determine myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) to estimate habitual rates, while avoiding intravenous tracer infusions.METHODSFour healthy males were given 100 g water enriched to 70 Atom % with 2H2O as a single oral bolus. Vastus‐lateralis needle biopsies were performed and plasma samples collected, 3–13 days post‐dose. 2H enrichment in body water was measured in plasma using continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Myofibrillar protein was isolated from muscle biopsies and acid hydrolysed. 2H enrichment of protein‐bound and plasma‐free alanine was measured by gas chromatography (GC)/pyrolysis/IRMS. Myofibrillar protein FSR was calculated (% day–1).RESULTSThe tracer bolus raised the initial enrichment of body water to 1514 ppm 2H excess. Water elimination followed a simple exponential. The average elimination half‐time was 8.3 days. Plasma alanine, labelled during de novo synthesis, followed the same elimination kinetics as water. The weighted average myofibrillar protein FSR from the four subjects was 1.38 % day–1 (range, 1.0–1.9 % day–1).CONCLUSIONSMyofibrillar protein FSR was measured in free‐living healthy individuals over 3–13 days. Using a single oral 2H2O bolus, endogenous labelling of alanine occurred in a predictable manner giving estimates of synthesis comparable with published values. Furthermore, the protocol does not compromise the ability to measure other important metabolic processes such as total energy expenditure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Functionalized High Electron Mobility Transistors for Novel Recognition Pattern Label‐Free DNA Sensors
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Yue , Liao Qingliang , Song Yu , Ma Siwei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe designed and constructed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) for rapid and ultra‐sensitive detection of label‐free DNA in real time. The micrometer sized rGO sheets with structural defects helped absorb DNA molecules providing a facile and robust approach to functionalization. DNA was immobilized onto the surface of HEMT gate through rGO functionalization, and changed the conductivity of HEMT. The real time monitor and detection of DNA hybridization by rGO functionalized HEMT presented interesting current responses: a “two steps” signal enhancement in the presence of target DNA; and a “one step” signaling with random DNA. These two different recognition patterns made the HEMT capable of specifically detecting target DNA sequence. The working principle of the rGO functionalized HEMT can be demonstrated as the variation of the ambience charge distribution. Furthermore, the as constructed DNA sensors showed excellent sensitivity of detect limit at 0.07 fM with linear detect range from 0.1 fM to 0.1 pM. The results indicated that the HEMT functionalized with rGO paves a new avenue to design novel electronic devices for high sensitive and specific genetic material assays in biomedical applications.
Synthesis of Brightly PEGylated Luminescent Magnetic Upconversion Nanophosphors for Deep Tissue and Dual MRI Imaging
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Qi Bin , Moore Thomas , Colvin Daniel C. , Crawford Thomas , Gore John C. , Alexis Frank , Mefford O. Thompson , Anker Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA method is developed to fabricate monodispersed biocompatible Yb/Er or Yb/Tm doped β‐NaGdF4 upconversion phosphors using polyelectrolytes to prevent irreversible particle aggregation during conversion of the precursor, Gd2O(CO3)2•H2O:Yb/Er or Yb/Tm, to β‐NaGdF4:Yb/Er or Yb/Tm. The polyelectrolyte on the outer surface of nanophosphors also provided an amine tag for PEGylation. This method is also employed to fabricate PEGylated magnetic upconversion phosphors with Fe3O4 as the core and β‐NaGdF4 as a shell. These magnetic upconversion nanophosphors have relatively high saturation magnetization (7.0 emu g−1) and magnetic susceptibility (1.7 × 10−2 emu g−1 Oe−1), providing them with large magnetophoretic mobilities. The magnetic properties for separation and controlled release in flow, their optical properties for cell labeling, deep tissue imaging, and their T1‐ and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxivities are studied. The magnetic upconversion phosphors display both strong magnetophoresis, dual MRI imaging (r1 = 2.9 mM−1 s−1, r2 = 204 mM−1 s−1), and bright luminescence under 1 cm chicken breast tissue.
“Dual‐Template” Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Conductive Nanoparticle Superstructures from Coordination Metal–Peptide Polymer Crystals
Authors: Rubio‐Martínez Marta , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Imaz Inhar , Dittrich Petra S. , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBottom‐up fabrication of self‐assembled structures made of nanoparticles may lead to new materials, arrays and devices with great promise for myriad applications. Here a new class of metal–peptide scaffolds is reported: coordination polymer Ag(I)‐DLL belt‐like crystals, which enable the dual‐template synthesis of more sophisticated nanoparticle superstructures. In these biorelated scaffolds, the self‐assembly and recognition capacities of peptides and the selective reduction of Ag(I) ions to Ag are simultaneously exploited to control the growth and assembly of inorganic nanoparticles: first on their surfaces, and then inside the structures themselves. The templated internal Ag nanoparticles are well confined and closely packed, conditions that favour electrical conductivity in the superstructures. It is anticipated that these Ag(I)‐DLL belts could be applied to create long (>100 μm) conductive Ag@Ag nanoparticle superstructures and polymetallic, multifunctional Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticle composites that marry the magnetic and conductive properties of the two nanoparticle types.
‘Battling my Biology’: Psychological Effects of Genetic Testing for Risk of Weight Gain
Authors: Meisel S. F. , Wardle J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe availability of genetic tests for multifactorial conditions such as obesity raises concerns that higher‐risk results could lead to fatalistic reactions or lower‐risk results to complacency. No study has investigated the effects of genetic test feedback for the risk of obesity in non‐clinical samples. The present study explored psychological and behavioral reactions to genetic test feedback for a weight related gene (FTO) in a volunteer sample (n = 18) using semi‐structured interviews. Respondents perceived the gene test result as scientifically objective; removing some of the emotion attached to the issue of weight control. Those who were struggling with weight control reported relief of self‐blame. There was no evidence for either complacency or fatalism; all respondents emphasized the importance of lifestyle choices in long‐term weight management, although they recognized the role of both genes and environment. Regardless of the test result, respondents evaluated the testing positively and found it motivating and informative. Genetic test feedback for risk of weight gain may offer psychological benefits beyond its objectively limited clinical utility. As the role of genetic counselors is likely to expand, awareness of reasons for genetic testing for common, complex conditions and reactions to the test result is important.
Homogenization Pressure and Temperature Affect Protein Partitioning and Oxidative Stability of Emulsions
Authors: Horn Anna F. , Barouh Nathalie , Nielsen Nina S. , Baron Caroline P. , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe oxidative stability of 10 % fish oil‐in‐water emulsions was investigated for emulsions prepared under different homogenization conditions. Homogenization was conducted at two different pressures (5 or 22.5 MPa), and at two different temperatures (22 and 72 °C). Milk proteins were used as the emulsifier. Hence, emulsions were prepared with either a combination of α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin or with a combination of sodium caseinate and β‐lactoglobulin. Results showed that an increase in pressure increased the oxidative stability of emulsions with caseinate and β‐lactoglobulin, whereas it decreased the oxidative stability of emulsions with α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin. For both types of emulsions the partitioning of proteins between the interface and the aqueous phase appeared to be important for the oxidative stability. The effect of pre‐heating the aqueous phase with the milk proteins prior to homogenization did not have any clear effect on lipid oxidation in either of the two types of emulsions.
Role ofDRD2andALDH2genes in bipolar II disorder with and without comorbid anxiety disorder
Authors: Wang Y.-S. , Lee S.-Y. , Chen S.-L. , Chang Y.-H. , Wang T.-Y. , Lin S.-H. , Wang C.-L. , Huang S.-Y. , Lee I.H. , Chen P.S. , Yang Y.K. , Lu R.-B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe presence of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) and bipolar II disorders (BP-II) compounds disability complicates treatment, worsens prognosis, and has been understudied. The genes involved in metabolizing dopamine and encoding dopamine receptors, such asaldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) anddopamine D2 receptor(DRD2) genes, may be important to the pathogenesis of BP-II comorbid with AD. We aimed to clarifyALDH2andDRD2genes for predisposition to BP-II comorbid with and without AD. The sample consisted of 335 subjects BP-II without AD, 127 subjects BP-II with AD and 348 healthy subjects as normal control. The genotypes of theALDH2andDRD2 Taq-IApolymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reactions plus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association betweenDRD2 Taq-I A1/A2genotype and BP-II with AD (OR = 2.231,P= 0.021). Moreover, a significant interaction of theDRD2 Taq-I A1/A1and theALDH2*1*1genotypes in BP-II without AD was revealed (OR = 5.623,P= 0.001) compared with normal control. Our findings support the hypothesis that a unique genetic distinction between BP-II with and without AD, and suggest a novel association betweenDRD2 Taq-I A1/A2genotype and BP-II with AD. Our study also provides further evidence that theALDH2andDRD2genes interact in BP-II, particularly BP-II without AD.
Assessment of maternal near‐miss and quality of care in a hospital‐based study in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Tunçalp Özge , Hindin Michelle J. , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Adanu Richard M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the baseline incidence of maternal near‐miss, process indicators related to facility access, and quality of care at a tertiary care facility in urban Ghana.MethodsA prospective observational study of all women delivering at the facility, including those with pregnancy‐related complications, was conducted between October 2010 and March 2011. Quality of maternal health care was assessed via a newly developed WHO instrument based on near‐miss criteria and criterion‐based clinical audit methodology.ResultsAmong 3438 women, 516 had potentially life‐threatening conditions and 131 had severe maternal outcomes (94 near‐miss cases and 37 maternal deaths). More than half (64.4%) of the women had been referred to the facility. The incidence of maternal near‐miss was 28.6 cases per 1000 live births. Anemia contributed to most cases with a severe maternal outcome. More than half of all women with severe maternal outcomes developed organ dysfunction or died within the first 12 hours of hospital admission. Although preventive measures were prevalent, treatment‐related indicators showed mixed results.ConclusionThe WHO near‐miss approach was found to represent a feasible strategy in low‐resource countries. Improving referral systems, effective use of critical care, and evidence‐based interventions can potentially reduce severe maternal outcomes.
Causes of puerperal and neonatal sepsis in resource‐constrained settings and advocacy for an integrated community‐based postnatal approach
Authors: Miller Anne E. , Morgan Christopher , Vyankandondera Joseph 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPuerperal sepsis and neonatal sepsis are important causes of mortality and morbidity in low‐income countries.ObjectivesTo help improve global guidelines on postpartum care by reviewing existing data on microbiologic causes of sepsis among mothers, newborns, and mother–newborn pairs.Search strategyAn extensive literature review of peer‐reviewed publications from resource‐constrained settings was conducted using PubMed.Selection criteriaPrimary research studies containing microbiologic data on puerperal sepsis or combined maternal and neonatal sepsis published since 1980.Data collection and analysisStudy characteristics and results were analyzed. Data regarding causative microorganisms were tabulated and discussed in the main text.Main resultsDiagnostic evaluation of microorganisms causing puerperal sepsis was difficult, with few studies linking microorganisms causing infection in individual mother–newborn pairs. The most frequent microorganisms associated with puerperal sepsis were Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The most frequent microorganisms associated with neonatal sepsis were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella species.ConclusionsManagement tools for community‐based care of mothers with puerperal sepsis—including early detection, initiation of broad‐spectrum antibiotic treatment, and timely referral—should be added to those currently in use for neonatal sepsis. Further research is required to address acceptability, feasibility, and impact of community‐based presumptive treatment.
Outcomes of symptomatic Brugada syndrome patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators: A report from an endemic area
Authors: Makarawate Pattarapong , Chaosuwannakit Narumol , Vannaprasaht Suda , Tassaneeyakul Wichittra , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn Thailand and Southeast Asia, Brugada syndrome (BS) is a common inheritable cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Currently, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the recommended therapy for high‐risk patients. This study aimed to report the outcomes of symptomatic BS patients with implanted ICD in an area in which BS is endemic.Methods and resultsWe enrolled symptomatic BS patients who underwent ICD implantation between 2007 and 2010. In total, 62 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Among these patients, ICD was indicated for survivors of SCA (50 patients, 80%) and syncope patients (12 patients, 20%). During the mean follow‐up period of 17 months, no patient died, and 20 patients (32%) received appropriate shock therapy. Inappropriate shock occurred in 6 patients (9.5%). The reasons for inappropriate shock were ICD lead fracture (3%) and supraventricular arrhythmia (6.5%). An infected ICD was found in 1 patient (1.5%).ConclusionsThe recurrent VT/VF rate in symptomatic BS patients was 32%. All events were successfully treated with ICDs, and there was no mortality in our setting.
A Song from Philostratos
Authors: Griffiths J. Gwyn 
Published: July 2013

It is not generally know that a striking parallel to the second verse of Ben Jonson's To Celia (‘I sent thee late a rosy wreath …’) occurs in the Greek Anthology. An epigram there by an anonymous poet is briefer than Jonson's verse, but the thought is precisely the same:Πέμπω σοι μύρον ἡύ, μύρῳ παρέΧων Χάριν, οὐ σοί αὐτή γάρ μυρίσαι καὶ τὸ μύρον ύνασαι.‘I send thee sweet perfume, granting a favour to the perfume, not to thee; for thou thyself canst perfume even the perfume.’
Christianity and the Classics
Authors: Stanford W. B. 
Published: July 2013

‘What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?’ cries Tertullian of Carthage when the Christian Church was barely two centuries old, ‘what harmony is there between Plato's Academy and the Church?’ Then, with all the mastery of eloquence that he had learned in the school of classical rhetoric, he denounces non-Christian literature as pernicious—‘We have no need of curiosity going beyond Christ Jesus, nor of inquiry beyond the Gospel.’The question might still be crudely asked to-day—Why teach pagan literature in Christian countries and Christian schools? Some may answer that the problem and the conflict are past; none of the greater Christian churches opposes classical education now; on the contrary the clergy mostly encourage it, while it is the scientists that object. But Christianity and the classics meet each other with different facets in different epochs. Sometimes these facets seem less adjustable than those before them. And some of the defences made for pre-Christian literature by Christians, and some of the uses they recommend for it, deserve attention still.What follows here is mainly an historical survey, and necessarily a very sketchy one. It must begin long before our Lord's time, at the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. By that time Palestine and Egypt, the two great centres of Judaism, had come under Greek rule. After Alexander's death both these regions were taken over by Ptolemy. He and his namesake successors were enlightened and tolerant monarchs. Under their rule Hellenism gained ground among the Jews both at Jerusalem and at Alexandria.
Heresies VI: VBI? Temporal
Authors: Trehern E. M 
Published: July 2013

Most teachers of Latin would doubtless cross out ubi if used by a pupil in the sense of ‘When?’ and substitute for it the other interogative adverb quando, notwithstanding the entry ‘quandō, ubi, when?’ retained from the older editions in Prof. J. F. Mountford's revision of the Revised Latin Primer (§ 168) and added in his revision of ‘Bradley's Arnold’ Latin Prose Composition (§ 157 (ii))— entries which are paralleled in some quite elementary Latin text-books.No other authoritative Latin grammar, and no dictionary, that I have been able to consult records an interrogative use of the temporal ubi, but when the matter was brought to his notice Prof. Mountford instanced, from Merguet's Lexicon, the following passages of Cicero, which at first sight certainly seem to justify the entries:de demo 77: ‘quamquam ubi tu te popularem, nisi cum pro populo fecisti, potes dicere?’82: ‘ubi enim tuleras ut mihi aqua et igni interdiceretur?’127: ‘ubi te isti rei populus Romanus praefecerat?’pro Cael. 15: ‘ubi denique est in ista suspicione Caeli nomen auditum?’When it was pointed out that all these passages, even though their natural translation undoubtedly appeared to be ‘When…?’, were rhetorical questions, not genuine requests for information like quando Roman uenisti?, and that they certainly did not prove that ubi and quando were generally interchangeable, Prof. Mountford replied:‘…The first striking fact is that in all the speeches and philosophical works of Cicero, the only other possible examples are:de domo 128: “sed quaero quae lex lata sit ut tu aedis meas consecrares, ubi tibi haec potestas data sit, quo iure feceris”.
The Garland of Meleager
Authors: Pollard J. R. T 
Published: July 2013

Perhaps it is a little late to deprecate the decline of ‘Verses’. Nevertheless such of us as put our trust in a classical renaissance after the war cannot but hope that that branch of scholarship in which Britain was and still is pre-eminent will survive and flourish again in happier times.In Lorna Doone John Ridd describes his second in his fight at Blundell's: ‘A rare ripe scholar he was, and now he hath routed up the Germans in the matter of criticism.’ It would be interesting to know who that contemporary of Bentley might have been, because we British do not appear to be cut out for ‘scholars’ in the formal sense. We have yet to produce a Madvig or a Cobet, and it is doubtful whether we ever shall. Constitutionally we are apt to be not so interested in externals as in internals; and once having learned Greek and Latin we wanted to write them and express great thoughts in them. So we invented ‘Verses’.Wilamowitz, it is recorded, once attempted to compose a Greek iambic in order to illustrate a point of metre. The result was ludicrous. It is extraordinary how so great a scholar could have been so poor at manipulating the language. It is doubtful whether the author of the Prolegomena Xenophontea could have composed a set of verses in any wise comparable to those produced by Thomas Saunders Evans as a boy at Shrewsbury, and although the latter never exhibited the extreme form of precociousness which enabled the Dutch scholar to acquire an international reputation in the early twenties, the praise he once earned from his headmaster when announcing the winning copy of hexameters could hardly have been higher: ‘Gentlemen, the copy of verses which has been awarded the prize this year is worthy of Vergil!’ No wonder another copy of verses written by a Shrewsbury boy at that time and secreted among some Oxford papers won a University prize!