bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating child obesity: impact of HENRY on parenting and family lifestyle
Authors: Willis T. A. , George J. , Hunt C. , Roberts K. P. J. , Evans C. E. L. , Brown R. E. , Rudolf M. C. J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
The rise in child obesity poses a serious public health challenge.
It has been argued that efforts may be best targeted towards prevention, but there is a relative dearth of initiatives targeting infants.
Earlier evaluation of the impact of HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young) has shown an improvement in the way practitioners work with families and a positive impact upon their work setting and personal life.
What this study adds
This study of the impact on families found that parents participating in HENRY groups report a healthier family lifestyle, which was sustained at follow‐up.
Participants reported increased parental self‐efficacy around lifestyle change and parenting generally.
They also reported increased consumption of fruit and vegetables; positive changes in mealtime behaviours and reduced screen time.
BackgroundOne‐quarter of children in England are overweight/obese at school entry. We investigated the impact of a programme designed to provide parents of infants and preschool children with the skills required for a healthier family lifestyle.MethodA cohort of families was followed across the 8‐week HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young) parent course at nine locations in England. Seventy‐seven parents enrolled on the course, of which 71 agreed to complete questionnaires addressing eating behaviours, dietary intake and parental self‐efficacy. Pre‐ and post‐course data was available from 60 (84.5%) parents (8‐week follow‐up data from 58 parents) and was analysed using repeated measures analyses.ResultsSignificant changes were observed, with most sustained at follow‐up. Parents reported increased self‐efficacy and ability to encourage good behaviour (P < 0.001). Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported in both children and adults, together with reduced consumption of sweets, cakes and fizzy drinks in adults (all P < 0.01). There were also positive changes in eating behaviours (e.g. frequency of family mealtimes and eating while watching television or in response to negative emotion [P < 0.01] ) and reduced screen time in adults (P < 0.001).DiscussionThe results build upon earlier evaluation, indicating that the HENRY intervention has a beneficial impact upon the families of infants and preschool children. Furthermore, the findings suggest that positive changes inspired by the programme can be maintained beyond its completion. Such changes may serve to protect against later obesity.
Silicon Oxynitride Ceramics Prepared by Plasma Activated Sintering of Nanosized Amorphous Silicon Nitride Powder without Additives
Authors: Fan Lei , Shi Zhongqi , Lu Xuefeng , Wang Chao , Chen Meng , Li Yawen , Wang Hongjie 
Published: July 2013

Si2N2O ceramics were prepared by plasma activated sintering using nanosized amorphous Si3N4 powder without sintering additives within a temperature range of 1400°C–1600°C in vacuum. A mixed Si–N4−n–On (n = 0, 1…4) amorphous structure was formed in the process of sintering, and Si2N2O crystals were nucleated where the local structure was similar with Si2N2O. After sintering at 1600°C, the Si2N2O ceramic was composed of elongated plate‐like Si2N2O grains and amorphous phase. The Si2N2O grains showed a width of less than 100 nm and a very high aspect ratio.
Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxides Nanocrystals
Authors: Florini Nicola , Barrera Gabriele , Tiberto Paola , Allia Paolo , Bondioli Federica 
Published: July 2013

Benzyl alcohol route, starting form Fe(III) acetylacetonate, was applied to obtain crystalline magnetite nanoparticles. In particular, the effect of synthesis parameters (time and temperature) and use of SOCl2 on the physical and magnetic properties of the so‐obtained powders were evaluated. By means of this approach, monocrystalline magnetite particles with size ranging from 5 to 15 nm were obtained.
Mitochondrial dynamics modulate the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators in microglial cells
Authors: Park Junghyung , Choi Hoonsung , Min Ju‐Sik , Park Sun‐Ji , Kim Jung‐Hak , Park Hyo‐Jin , Kim Bokyung , Chae Jung‐Il , Yim Mijung , Lee Dong‐Seok 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOver‐activation of microglia cells in the brain contributes to neurodegenerative processes promoted by the production of various neurotoxic factors including pro‐inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that mitochondrial dynamics are an important constituent of cellular quality control and function. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in microglial activation is still largely unknown. In this study, we determined whether mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated immortalization of murine microglial cells (BV‐2) by a v‐raf/v‐myc carrying retrovirus (J2). Excessive mitochondrial fission was observed in lentivirus‐transfected BV‐2 cells stably expressing DsRed2‐mito following LPS stimulation. Furthermore, mitochondrial localization of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) (a key regulator of mitochondrial fission) was increased and accompanied by de‐phosphorylation of Ser637 in Drp1. Interestingly, inhibition of LPS‐induced mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by Mdivi‐1 and Drp1 knock‐down attenuated the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators via reduced nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Our results demonstrated for the first time that mitochondrial fission regulates mitochondrial ROS production in activated microglial cells and influences the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators through the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK. We therefore suggest that mitochondrial dynamics may be essential for understanding pro‐inflammatory mediator expression in activated microglial cells. This could represent a new therapeutic approach for preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
imageLPS induced excessive mitochondrial fission through mitochondrial localization of de‐phosphorylation of Ser637 Drp1. Interestingly, inhibition of LPS‐induced mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial ROS generation by Mdivi‐1 and Drp1 shRNA attenuate the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators via reduced NF‐κB and MAPK signaling. Our results suggest that mitochondrial dynamics may be essential for understanding pro‐inflammatory mediator expression in activated microglial cells.
Sexual activity and adolescent health risk behaviours amongst high school students in three ethnic Chinese urban populations
Authors: Ong Jason , Wong William , Lee Albert , Holroyd Eleanor , Huang Song Yuen 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo compare sexually active Chinese high school students in three major Asian cities with their non‐sexually active counterparts in order to determine prevalence and associations with selected health outcomes.BackgroundThere have been limited studies to date on the association between sexual activity and substance use in Chinese high schools. While the role of the school nurse in the development of sexual health and harm reduction education in secondary schools has been well documented in international studies, this has received little attention in Asia.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsThis study was administered in 2003/2004 to 13,895 Grades 6 to 12 high school students in Hong Kong (3498), Macau (6286) and Taipei (4111). Descriptive analysis was conducted followed by univariate analysis comparing sexual behaviour with (1) substance use including alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs; (2) feeling depressed for greater than or equal to two weeks in last 12 months; contemplating suicide during the last 12 months; and (3) perception of poor health/academic performance.ResultsThe students (8%) reported being sexually active had marked differences in selected health outcomes when compared with the nonsexually experienced students. More than 90% of the sexually active students had tried alcohol, with more than 50% being regular drinkers, more than 30% testifying to binge drinking and nearly 50% reported depression in the past 12 months. Substance use, poorer perception of health and academic performance were also significantly higher in the sexually experienced students relative to their nonexperienced counterparts.ConclusionsSexually experienced Chinese high school students surveyed were at higher risk of substance abuse, poorer psychological health and academic performance.Relevance to clinical practiceCommunity and public health nursing needs to address Asian adolescent sexual health education needs, in particular provide culturally targeted interventions for associated substance abuse and psychological health within the context of high school sex education.
Perceptions of ageing as an older gay man: a qualitative study
Authors: Kushner Bernie , Neville Stephen , Adams Jeffery 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the ageing experiences of gay men inNewZealand over the age of 65 years.BackgroundAn increased acceptance by many people in Western societies towards men who are same‐sex attracted is likely to result in a corresponding increase in the number of visible older gay men being the recipients of nursing care. Previous research has shown that nursing has some way to go towards providing a service that is culturally safe and appropriate.DesignA critical gerontological approach was employed to explore the ageing experiences of gay men inNewZealand over the age of 65 years. This methodology ensured the voices of older gay men were foregrounded in the research.MethodsSemi‐structured digitally recorded individual interviews with 12 gay men aged between 65–81 years who lived in the community were undertaken. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify the repeated patterns across the men's talk.ResultsThree main themes relating to the ageing experiences of these men were identified: ‘homophobia’, ‘being with someone’ and ‘future care’.ConclusionsResilience was a significant factor in how well older gay men aged even in an environment where homophobia and heterosexism were common. Having a strong social support network was an important factor that contributed to supporting the ageing process. These gay men were wary about having to go into residential care, preferring to age in their own homes.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses and other healthcare professionals need to ensure healthcare services meet the needs of older gay men. Any interaction with older gay men should occur in a way that is open and respectful. The usage of best practice guidelines will assist organisations to deliver culturally safe and appropriate care to this group.
Post‐partum urinary retention in a teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajenifuja Kayode Olusegun , Oyetunji IfeOluwa Ololade , Orji Ernest Okechukwu , Adepiti Clement Akinfolarin , Loto Olabisi Morebise , Tijani Mikhail Aramide , Dare Francis Oriola 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of post‐partum urinary retention after vaginal delivery and to examine the associated risk factors.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective observational study carried out over a 2‐month period at the major university teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria.ResultsPrevalence of post‐partum urinary retention was 29.4%. The majority (93.3%) of women had covert urinary retention while 6.7% had overt urinary retention. From the bivariate analysis, episiotomy, reduced voiding desire and primiparity were risk factors for post‐partum urinary retention (66.6% vs 30.6%; P = 0.017; 47.75% vs 13.9%; P = 0.037; and 60.0% vs 30.6%; P = 0.05; respectively).ConclusionPost‐partum urinary retention, particularly covert retention, is a common complication of labor and delivery in our clinical practice but is rarely reported in the published work, especially from this part of the world. No factor has been found to be independently associated with its occurrence, hence there is need for vigilance in the immediate post‐partum period as most cases of urinary retention would have been avoided if women were encouraged to void early following delivery.
Surgical approach to a vulval–pubic cartilaginous cyst: A case report and review of published work
Authors: Gajjar Ketan , Robati Shahin , Packer Greg , Razvi Khalil 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCartilaginous cyst of symphysis pubis is rare and to our knowledge 12 cases have been reported in the published work. Although cartilaginous cysts of the vulva and pubis are likely to present to a gynecologist as a vulval–pubic mass, their diagnosis and management warrants a multidisciplinary team approach because of their rarity and anatomical location. Non‐invasive diagnosis includes magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scan, while the invasive preoperative biopsy is reserved for cases with a high index of suspicion of malignancy. The surgical approach for the management of vulval–pubic cartilaginous cyst is not well established. The current case demonstrates a joint surgical approach involving a gynecologist and orthopedic surgeon in management of a degenerative cartilaginous cyst. As this condition is benign, every effort should be made to preserve the stability of the pubic symphysis. Symphyseal dysfunction from surgery remains a potential complication for which treatment is not straightforward.
Can a smaller than expected crown–rump length reliably predict the occurrence of subsequent miscarriage in a viable first trimester pregnancy?
Authors: Abuelghar Wessam M. , Fathi Hisham M. , Ellaithy Mohamed I. , Anwar Mohammad A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo elicit the diagnostic value of smaller than expected crown–rump length (CRL) to predict the occurrence of subsequent miscarriage in women with a viable first trimester pregnancy.MethodsA cohort study was conducted in the fetal special care unit of a tertiary care maternity hospital. The recruited participants were young pregnant women at 6–13 weeks of gestation. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to determine pregnancy viability and measure the embryonic CRL. To compare the differences in CRL between those pregnancies that remained viable and those that subsequently miscarried, the deviation of observed and expected CRL was calculated and expressed in standard deviations (SD) as Z score. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of pregnancies with antecedent growth delay that miscarried by the end of the first trimester.ResultsOf the pregnancies that subsequently miscarried, 79.3% (42/53) had smaller than expected CRL, and in 56.6% (30/53) the CRL was 2 SD or less from that expected for gestational age (GA). The mean Z score for CRL was significantly lower in pregnancies that subsequently miscarried compared to pregnancies that remained viable (−2.9 ± 2.6 vs −0.8 ± 2.1, respectively, P < 0.001). A CRL of 2 SD or less from that expected for GA as a cut‐off point had a sensitivity of 56.6, specificity of 81.9, positive predictive value of 36.6, negative predictive value of 91.1, likelihood ratio positive of 3.1 and likelihood ratio negative of 0.5 in predicting subsequent miscarriage.ConclusionViable first trimester pregnancies with small for GA CRL were associated with a higher probability of a subsequent miscarriage.
Genotypic prevalence of human papillomavirus infection during normal pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Yun Hwan , Park Joong Shin , Norwitz Errol R. , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Sun Min , Lee Seung Mi , Park Chan‐Wook , Kim Byoung Jae , Koo Ja Nam , Oh Ig Hwan , Song Yong Sang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimGenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary factor in most cases of cervical cancer, but malignant transformation requires the presence of additional cofactors such as pregnancy. Little is known about the effect of pregnancy on genital HPV carriage. We therefore analyzed the prevalence and genotypic patterns of genital HPV infections in normal pregnancies.MethodsThe prevalence of HPV infection was measured in 960 consecutive normal pregnant or post‐partum women by HPV‐DNA chip analysis of cervical swabs. Data were analyzed by trimester and adjusted for sociodemographic, reproductive and reported sexual history.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPV infection in the population was 24.3%. High‐risk HPV genotypes were detected in 68.2% of infected subjects, including HPV 16 (18.7%), 39 (16.4%), 53 (10.1%), and 56 (9.4%). High‐risk HPV genotypes were significantly more prevalent in the second trimester (23.8%) compared with the other periods (first trimester, 13.2%; third trimester, 17.4%; post‐partum, 15.1%; P = 0.010). However, the high‐risk HPV genotypes 16 or 18 were detected most frequently in the third trimester (7.2%) as compared to the other periods (first trimester, 2.9%; second trimester, 5.2%; post‐partum, 2.1%; P = 0.03). After adjusting for confounding variables, overall HPV infection (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.75) and high‐risk HPV genotypes (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–3.05) were significantly more common in the second trimester.ConclusionThe second trimester may be the most vulnerable period in high‐risk HPV infections, which necessitates future investigations.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of porcine acellular dermal matrix for gingival augmentation procedures
Authors: Pabst A. M. , Happe A. , Callaway A. , Ziebart T. , Stratul S. I. , Ackermann M. , Konerding M. A. , Willershausen B. , Kasaj A. 
Published: July 2013

Background and ObjectiveRecently, porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) has been proposed as a possible alternative to autogenous grafts in periodontal plastic surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro responses of four different oral cell lines cultured on a novel PADM. Furthermore, tissue reaction to PADM was evaluated histologically after subcutaneous implantation in mice.Material and MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts (HGF), human osteoblast‐like cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human oral keratinocytes (HOK) were cultured and transferred on to the PADM. A tissue culture polystyrene surface served as the control. The viability of all tested cell lines on PADM was measured by using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay and PrestoBlue® reagent. The ToxiLight® assay was performed to analyze the effect of PADM on adenylate kinase release. PADM was implanted into nude mice subcutaneously and subjected to histological analysis after 21 d.ResultsUsing 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assays, all tested cell lines cultured on PADM demonstrated a significant increase of viability compared to the control group (each p < 0.001) with the exception of HGF and HOK after 3 d (each p > 0.05). According to the PrestoBlue® analysis, all cell lines demonstrated a significant increase of viability compared to the control group at the particular points of measurement after 18 h (HGF p < 0.01; human osteoblast‐like cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HOK each p < 0.001). No significant cytotoxic effects of PADM on the tested cell lines could be observed, as assessed by changes in adenylate kinase release. Subcutaneous implantation of PADM into nude mice demonstrated good integration with surrounding tissues and significant revascularization of its collagen structure.ConclusionOverall, the results suggest that PADM is a promising substitute for autogenous soft tissue grafts in periodontal surgery.
Replication arrest is a major threat to growth at low temperature in Antarctic Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W
Authors: Sinha Anurag K. , Pavankumar Theetha L. , Kamisetty Srinivasulu , Mittal Pragya , Ray Malay K. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChromosomal damage was detected previously in the recBCD mutants of the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W, which accumulated linear chromosomal DNA leading to cell death and growth inhibition at 4°C. RecBCD protein generally repairs DNA double‐strand breaks by RecA‐dependent homologous recombination pathway. Here we show that ΔrecA mutant of P. syringae is not cold‐sensitive. Significantly, inactivation of additional DNA repair genes ruvAB rescued the cold‐sensitive phenotype of ΔrecBCD mutant. The ΔrecA and ΔruvAB mutants were UV‐sensitive as expected. We propose that, at low temperature DNA replication encounters barriers leading to frequent replication fork (RF) arrest and fork reversal. RuvAB binds to the reversed RFs (RRFs) having Holliday junction‐like structures and resolves them upon association with RuvC nuclease to cause linearization of the chromosome, a threat to cell survival. RecBCD prevents this by degrading the RRFs, and facilitates replication re‐initiation. This model is consistent with our observation that low temperature‐induced DNA lesions do not evoke SOS response in P. syringae. Additional studies show that two other repair genes, radA (encoding a RecA paralogue) and recF are not involved in providing cold resistance to the Antarctic bacterium.
‘The Chicken or the Egg?’ Interregional Contacts Viewed Through a Technological Lens at Late Bronze Age Tiryns, Greece
Authors: Brysbaert Ann 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis paper reviews the environmental circumstances of the ostrich and its eggs, in order to provide a geographical overview of past human usage and modification of ostrich eggshells in the Aegean and, more specifically, at Tiryns, while placing this craft in its contemporary context in the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean basin. This ostrich shell evidence from Tiryns is contextualized and analysed through the approach of the chaîne opératoire in order to understand the material in the framework of Tiryns' Late Bronze Age craft activities, and within the Late Bronze Age Aegean network of contacts that brought this material to Tiryns in the first place.
Investigating Dietary Variation With Burial Ritual in Iron Age Hampshire: An Isotopic Comparison of Suddern Farm Cemetery and Danebury Hillfort Pit Burials
Authors: Stevens Rhiannon E. , Lightfoot Emma , Hamilton Julie , Cunliffe Barry , Hedges Robert E.M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe formal Iron Age cemetery at Suddern Farm, located near Danebury hillfort, provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether differences in burial tradition and ritual behaviour seen at the two sites are linked to access to food resources during life. We measured the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of 40 humans from Suddern Farm and compared this information to previously published faunal data from the site and human isotopic data from Danebury. Despite substantial variation in the faunal isotope signatures, the adult humans have notably homogeneous isotopic results, which are very similar to those at Danebury. This indicates that they had similar access to dietary resources, and supports other evidence for the interdependence of sites with regard to their farming practices. Any social practices that define groups within Hampshire Iron Age society at these sites do not seem to have had any detectable influence on diet.