bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation against conventional artificial ventilation for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The OSCAR (OSCillation in ARDS) study
Authors: Lall Ranjit , Hamilton Patrick , Young Duncan , Hulme Claire , Hall Peter , Shah Sanjoy , MacKenzie Iain , Tunnicliffe William , Rowan Kathy , Cuthbertson Brian , McCabe Chris , Lamb Sallie ,   on behalf of the OSCAR collaborators
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPatients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require artificial ventilation but this treatment may produce secondary lung damage. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) may reduce this damage.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of HFOV in patients with ARDS compared with standard mechanical ventilation.DesignA parallel, randomised, unblinded clinical trial.SettingUK intensive care units.ParticipantsMechanically ventilated patients with a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (P : F) ratio of 26.7 kPa (200 mmHg) or less and an expected duration of ventilation of at least 2 days at recruitment.InterventionsTreatment arm HFOV using a Novalung R100®ventilator (Metran Co. Ltd, Saitama, Japan) ventilator until the start of weaning.Control arm Conventional mechanical ventilation using the devices available in the participating centres.Main outcome measuresThe primary clinical outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days after randomisation. The primary health economic outcome was the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-six of 398 patients (41.7%) randomised to the HFOV group and 163 of 397 patients (41.1%) randomised to the conventional mechanical ventilation group died within 30 days of randomisation (p = 0.85), for an absolute difference of 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) −6.1% to 7.5%]. After adjustment for study centre, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and the initial P : F ratio, the odds ratio for survival in the conventional ventilation group was 1.03 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.40;p = 0.87 logistic regression). Survival analysis showed no difference in the probability of survival up to 12 months after randomisation. The average QALY at 1 year in the HFOV group was 0.302 compared to 0.246. This gives an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the cost to society per QALY of £88,790 and an ICER for the cost to the NHS per QALY of £78,260.ConclusionsThe use of HFOV had no effect on 30-day mortality in adult patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for ARDS and no economic advantage. We suggest that further research into avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury should concentrate on ventilatory strategies other than HFOV.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN10416500.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 23. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Comparison of results obtained by widal agglutination test & polymerase chain reaction among clinically suspected typhoid fever cases
Authors: Khan Shafinaz , Miah Md Ruhul Amin , Haque Shammin , Naheen Chowdhury Rafia 
Published: March 2015

The diagnosis of typhoid fever currently depends on isolation of Salmonella Typhi from blood. The sensitivity of blood culture is very low due to prior antibiotic treatment which is a common practice in Bangladesh. The sensitivity of blood culture also decreases at later stage of the disease. Widal test is the most utilized test in Bangladesh next to blood culture because it is inexpensive, less invasive. But the result of the test is controversial due to false negative & false positive results in some cases. In this study, a recently introduced polymerase chain reaction-based technique (which has 100% specificity for S. Typhi) was compared with widal test among 80 clinically suspected typhoid fever cases. Among 80 cases, the respective figures of positivity for PCR & widal test were 70% & 43.75% respectively. It can be concluded that PCR based technique is more sensitive & much superior to widal for diagnosis of typhoid fever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v30i2.22683 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 30(2): 46-50
Adiponectin and Interleukin-6, but not Adipose Tissue, are Associated with Worse Neurocognitive Function in HIV-Infected Men
Authors: Lake Jordan E , Vo Quynh T , Jacobson Lisa P , Sacktor Ned , Miller Eric N , Post Wendy S , Becker James T , Palella Frank J , Ragin Ann , Martin Eileen , Munro Cynthia A , Brown Todd T 
Published: March 2015

Background Generalized obesity has been associated with cognitive decline, a process potentially mediated by adipocytokines. The effects of regional adipose tissue (AT) on cognition, however, are not well understood. We explored cross-sectional relationships between regional AT, adipocytokines, inflammatory markers and neuropsychological (NP) test scores among HIV+ and HIV- men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods Visceral, subcutaneous abdominal and subcutaneous thigh AT areas were quantified by computed tomography (CT). NP tests (Trail Making Test parts A and B, and Symbol-Digit Modalities) obtained within 2 years of CT screened for psychomotor speed and executive function. Adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Results Of 509 HIV+ and 271 HIV- participants, HIV+ men (98% on antiretroviral therapy, 81% HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) had lower median subcutaneous AT and adiponectin levels and higher hs-CRP levels, but visceral AT, body mass index, IL-6 and NP scores did not vary by HIV serostatus. In multivariable analysis, older age, ≤ high school education and African American race, but not AT area or site, were associated with worse NP test scores among all participants. In HIV+ only, higher adiponectin and IL-6 were associated with worse cognitive function independent of AT area. No HIV-specific factors were associated with NP test scores. Conclusions Demographic factors were associated with NP test performance, but regional adiposity was not. In HIV+ only, higher adiponectin and IL-6 were associated with worse NP test scores, supporting a role for chronic inflammation and adipocytokine imbalance in neurocognitive decline in HIV+ persons.
Clientélisme et contestation : l’exemple de la mobilisation des travailleurs de Spinneys au Liban
Authors: Scala Michele 
Published: March 2015

Parallèlement à l’avènement des changements politiques majeurs qui ont touché nombre de pays arabes, à partir de 2011, le Liban a connu un regain de luttes sociales s’exprimant principalement - mais pas uniquement - par le biais de batailles syndicales. Dans le secteur privé, l’éclosion de formes de résistance et de contestation sociale considérées comme « improbables » à cause de la présence et de la coexistence de réseaux de contrôle clientélistes et de modes de gestion ultra libéraux remet en question l’idée reçue d’un secteur où la mobilisation serait « sous-contrôle ». À partir de l’étude de cas de la mobilisation des travailleurs de la chaîne de supermarchés multinationale Spinneys, cet article se propose d’une part de questionner les modalités d’éclosion de ce conflit salarial et, d’autre part, de remettre en cause l’hypothèse de la résistance absolue des systèmes clientélistes aux formes de contestation collective.
Représentations et attitudes à l’égard de l’homosexualité et de la prostitution dans les productions littéraires de Hicham Tahir
Authors: Zaganiaris Jean 
Published: March 2015

Si le Maroc passe pour un pays où la sexualité est taboue, force est de constater que sa place au sein des espaces publics reste complexe. À partir de la reconstitution des stratégies littéraires et de « l’entrée en littérature » de Hicham Tahir, jeune écrivain ayant publié en 2012 un recueil de nouvelles très remarqué intitulé Jaabouq , il s’agit de comprendre la nature des positions socialement construites à l’égard des phénomènes considérés comme déviants. En parlant de l’homosexualité sans se déclarer lui-même homosexuel ou bien en évoquant la vie des migrants subsahariens au Maroc en traitant la question de la prostitution, Hicham Tahir s’est socialement positionné dans l’espace littéraire marocain comme un auteur ambivalent, capable de transcender l’opposition entre le « normal » et le « pathologique ».
Victimation et climat scolaire au collège : les vestiaires d’éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Vors Olivier , Joing Isabelle 
Published: March 2015

L’objet de notre travail est de proposer une approche spatiale du bien-être à l’école sur la base d’une enquête de victimation et de climat scolaire. Une focalisation sur les vestiaires d’EPS permet d’examiner un lieu singulier qui échappe la plupart du temps au regard et à la vigilance de l’adulte. Mille quarante-neuf élèves, issus de 13 collèges ont été interrogés. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a bien des lieux propices aux manifestations de violence au sein du collège selon le point de vue des élèves. Les victimations dans les vestiaires apparaissent singulièrement élevées dans cet espace et en particulier les moqueries, le voyeurisme, les bagarres collectives ou encore les dissimulations d’objets.
Des méthodes et des hommes. La production sociale du savoir sur l’efficacité de la peine de mort
Authors: Raoult Sacha 
Published: March 2015

La recherche sur l’effet dissuasif des peines donne lieu à une impressionnante production quantitative, souvent indigeste et discordante. Une exploration des équipes qui travaillent sur la corrélation exécutions-homicides permet d’identifier une « minorité bruyante » de recherches très favorable à la peine de mort. Connaître l’auteur d’un article dans ce domaine est un meilleur prédicteur des corrélations trouvées que le type de données utilisées. On découvre alors un profil de l’auteur qui a une proportion importante de résultats favorables à la peine de mort : il s’agit d’un économiste américain qui ne se présente pas comme spécialiste du crime et qui enseigne dans une faculté moins prestigieuse que celle où il a soutenu sa thèse, alors que les sociologues et les économistes des facultés hautement classés ont tendance à trouver des résultats plus proches d’un effet « zéro » de la peine de mort sur l’homicide.
Les phobies d’impulsion en période périnatale
Authors: Moretton Nadia 
Published: March 2015

Pour toute femme, la période dite périnatale est marquée de désirs contradictoires et de sentiments ambivalents qui construisent peu à peu un lien d’attachement à l’enfant. Chez toutes ces mères, nous voyons l’avènement, avoué ou non, de pensées agressives en lien avec les renoncements infantiles nécessaires et le « dévouement » indispensable à l’accès à la position maternelle. Chez certaines patientes, les pensées agressives ne peuvent plus être contenues, et font effraction dans le psychisme, provoquant une désorganisation pouvant mettre en péril l’équilibre thymique maternel, l’accès à la maternalité, voire l’instauration du lien mère/enfant. À travers une observation clinique, nous présenterons un exemple de traitement de l’une de ces situations à risque complexe, nous tenterons ensuite de donner quelques pistes de compréhension de ce phénomène, et nous proposerons une approche thérapeutique, en lien avec la littérature et notre pratique clinique.
Les enjeux de la planification spatiale en Angleterre et en France : regards croisés
Authors: Demazière Christophe 
Published: March 2015

Le développement durable est depuis vingt ans un référentiel prégnant dans l’action publique, en Angleterre et en France. Cet article compare les évolutions de la planification spatiale dans ces deux pays, qui se distinguent par leur degré de (dé)centralisation. Puis il analyse comment le « verdissement » de la planification est entravé par des systèmes institutionnels, qui évoluent lentement. Dans chaque pays, la planification a été étudiée dans quatre grands territoires agglomérés, au regard de la consommation foncière dédiée aux zones d’activités économiques. La décentralisation des décisions en matière de planification est forte en France et la recherche de cohérence et de durabilité est très variable selon les territoires. En Angleterre, les orientations nationales sont plus fidèlement retranscrites dans les plans locaux. L’hétéronomie des collectivités locales semble un élément important pour la déclinaison territoriale du développement durable.
L’apprentissage local d’une politique de l’emploi dans le Pays Valencien (Espagne)
Authors: Gallego-Bono Juan R. , Pitxer Josep V. 
Published: March 2015

Les partenariats entre acteurs publics et partenaires sociaux, aux plans local et régional, constituent un terrain propice à l’expérimentation de politiques publiques négociées. Axé sur les Pactes territoriaux pour l’emploi dans le Pays Valencien, cet article montre qu’en Espagne la capacité des agents locaux à développer ces partenariats passe par une double transformation de leurs organisations : la mise en place d’une gouvernance verticale coopérative en leur sein, pour que l’ensemble de ces organisations (y compris celles des niveaux supérieurs, étatique et régional) s’approprient les objectifs territoriaux. Cet article montre un cas réussi de processus d’apprentissage dans une gouvernance coopérative, à la fois inter- et intra-organisationnelle.
La recomposition des échelles territoriales en Galice (Espagne) : enjeu économique ou alibi idéologique ?
Authors: Vila-Vázquez José-Ignacio , Trillo-Santamaría Juan-Manuel , Paül Valérià 
Published: March 2015

Dans l’actuel contexte de crise économique, des changements profonds d’organisation territoriale sont envisagés dans de nombreux États, dont l’Espagne, avec des arguments d’efficacité. Notre étude de cas sur la Galice, « nationalité » historique marquée par une forte autonomie, montre que l’idéologie territoriale joue un rôle aussi important que les raisons économiques. Après avoir présenté les collectivités territoriales galiciennes, nous analysons le discours politique à travers la lecture critique d’un corpus d’articles de la presse écrite et d’internet. Cette analyse s’articule autour des échelles territoriales concernées : la commune, la province et l’aire métropolitaine.
Regulatory T Cells Prevent Inducible BALT Formation by Dampening Neutrophilic Inflammation
Authors: Foo Shen Yun , Zhang Vivian , Lalwani Amit , Lynch Jason P. , Zhuang Aowen , Lam Chuan En , Foster Paul S. , King Cecile , Steptoe Raymond J. , Mazzone Stuart B. , Sly Peter D. , Phipps Simon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Inducible BALT (iBALT) can amplify pulmonary or systemic inflammatory responses to the benefit or detriment of the host. We took advantage of the age-dependent formation of iBALT to interrogate the underlying mechanisms that give rise to this ectopic, tertiary lymphoid organ. In this study, we show that the reduced propensity for weanling as compared with neonatal mice to form iBALT in response to acute LPS exposure is associated with greater regulatory T cell expansion in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Ab- or transgene-mediated depletion of regulatory T cells in weanling mice upregulated the expression of IL-17A and CXCL9 in the lungs, induced a tissue neutrophilia, and increased the frequency of iBALT to that observed in neonatal mice. Remarkably, neutrophil depletion in neonatal mice decreased the expression of the B cell active cytokines, a proliferation-inducing ligand and IL-21, and attenuated LPS-induced iBALT formation. Taken together, our data implicate a role for neutrophils in lymphoid neogenesis. Neutrophilic inflammation is a common feature of many autoimmune diseases in which iBALT are present and pathogenic, and hence the targeting of neutrophils or their byproducts may serve to ameliorate detrimental lymphoid neogenesis in a variety of disease contexts.
Linking the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Altered DNA Methylation Patterns and Developmentally Induced Aberrant Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Winans Bethany , Nagari Anusha , Chae Minho , Post Christina M. , Ko Chia-I , Puga Alvaro , Kraus W. Lee , Lawrence B. Paige 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Successfully fighting infection requires a properly tuned immune system. Recent epidemiological studies link exposure to pollutants that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) during development with poorer immune responses later in life. Yet, how developmental triggering of AHR durably alters immune cell function remains unknown. Using a mouse model, we show that developmental activation of AHR leads to long-lasting reduction in the response of CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection, cells critical for resolving primary infection. Combining genome-wide approaches, we demonstrate that developmental activation alters DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in isolated CD8+ T cells prior to and during infection. Altered transcriptional profiles in CD8+ T cells from developmentally exposed mice reflect changes in pathways involved in proliferation and immunoregulation, with an overall pattern that bears hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. Developmental exposure also changed DNA methylation across the genome, but differences were most pronounced following infection, where we observed inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression. This points to altered regulation of DNA methylation as one mechanism by which AHR causes durable changes in T cell function. Discovering that distinct gene sets and pathways were differentially changed in developmentally exposed mice prior to and after infection further reveals that the process of CD8+ T cell activation is rendered fundamentally different by early life AHR signaling. These findings reveal a novel role for AHR in the developing immune system: regulating DNA methylation and gene expression as T cells respond to infection later in life.
Casein Kinase II Controls TBK1/IRF3 Activation in IFN Response against Viral Infection
Authors: Du Min , Liu Jinghua , Chen Xia , Xie Yadong , Yuan Chuanping , Xiang Yu , Sun Bing , Lan Ke , Chen Mingzhou , James Sharmy J. , Zhang Yongliang , Zhong Jin , Xiao Hui 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
By sensing viral nucleic acids, host innate receptors elicit signaling pathways converging on TBK1-IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 axis in mediating IFN-αβ induction and defense mechanisms. In contrast, viruses have evolved with diverse immune evasion/interference mechanisms to undermine innate receptor signaling and IFN response. In this regard, approaches enabling host to overcome such immune evasion/interference mechanisms are urgently needed to combat infections by epidemic/pandemic viruses. In this study, we report that protein kinase CK2 serves as a key component controlling TBK1 and IRF3 activation in IFN-inducing TLR, RIG-I–like receptors, and cGAS/STING signaling pathways. Accordingly, knocking down of CK2 expression or genetic ablation of its kinase activity resulted in elevated IFN-αβ response in response to infection by DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, PP2A was identified as one of the intermediate phosphatases responsible for CK2-regulated IFN response, suggesting that CK2 may regulate TBK1 and IRF3 activation indirectly. Importantly, blockade of CK2 activity by small molecule inhibitor was able to activate TBK1, whereby eliciting effective host defense mechanisms against hepatitis C virus infection. Taken together, our results identify CK2 as a novel regulator of TBK1 and IRF3 and suggest that targeting CK2 by small molecular inhibitor may be a viable approach to prevent and treat viral infections.
Vibsanin B Preferentially Targets HSP90β, Inhibits Interstitial Leukocyte Migration, and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ye Bai-Xin , Deng Xu , Shao Li-Dong , Lu Ying , Xiao Run , Liu Yi-Jie , Jin Yi , Xie Yin-Yin , Zhao Yan , Luo Liu-Fei , Ma Shun , Gao Ming , Zhang Lian-Ru , He Juan , Zhang Wei-Na , Chen Yi , Xia Cheng-Feng , Deng Min , Liu Ting-Xi , Zhao Qin-Shi , Chen Sai-Juan , Chen Zhu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Interstitial leukocyte migration plays a critical role in inflammation and offers a therapeutic target for treating inflammation-associated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Identifying small molecules to inhibit undesired leukocyte migration provides promise for the treatment of these disorders. In this study, we identified vibsanin B, a novel macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl, that inhibited zebrafish interstitial leukocyte migration using a transgenic zebrafish line (TG:zlyz–enhanced GFP). We found that vibsanin B preferentially binds to heat shock protein (HSP)90β. At the molecular level, inactivation of HSP90 can mimic vibsanin B’s effect of inhibiting interstitial leukocyte migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that vibsanin B ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice with pathological manifestation of decreased leukocyte infiltration into their CNS. In summary, vibsanin B is a novel lead compound that preferentially targets HSP90β and inhibits interstitial leukocyte migration, offering a promising drug lead for treating inflammation-associated diseases.
Strong Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities for Log-Subharmonic Functions
Authors: Graczyk Piotr , Kemp Todd , Loeb Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe prove an intrinsic equivalence between strong hypercontractivity and a strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the cone of logarithmically subharmonic (LSH) functions. We introduce a new large class of measures, Euclidean regular and exponential type, in addition to all compactly-supported measures, for which this equivalence holds. We prove a Sobolev density theorem through LSH functions and use it to prove the equivalence of strong hypercontractivity and the strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for such log-subharmonic functions.
The Standardized Professional Encounter: A New Model to Assess Professionalism and Communication Skills
Authors: Lifchez Scott D. , Cooney Carisa M. , Redett Richard J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Physician-patient communication is vital to patient care, and physician-nurse interactions are equally critical. Conflict between nurses and physicians can greatly impair communication, increasing the risk of treatment errors, yet physicians receive little education during training on recognizing and resolving professional conflicts.

Innovation
We created and implemented the Standardized Professional (S-Pro) Encounter to improve training and provide opportunities to evaluate resident professionalism and communication with health care team colleagues.

Methods
The standardized patient model is well established for teaching and assessing clinical and communication skills. Using the standardized patient concept, we created a nurse-resident encounter with 2 professionally trained medical portrayers (1 “nurse,” 1 “patient”), in which the nurse disagrees with the resident's treatment plan. Residents were surveyed for prior experience with nurse-physician conflict management, and we assessed postencounter for collaborative skills and conflict resolution.

Results
All residents (n = 18) observed at least 1 physician-nurse conflict in front of patients. Eleven (61%) reported being involved in at least 1 conflict. Twelve residents (67%) had 2 or fewer prior education experiences in interprofessional conflict management. Faculty assessment and S-Pro scores demonstrated high agreement, while resident self-assessment scores demonstrated low agreement with faculty and S-Pro scores.

Conclusions
Participants and evaluators found the encounter to be reasonably authentic. There was strong agreement between the faculty and S-Pro assessment of resident performance when using the Boggs scale. The S-Pro Encounter is easily adapted for other clinical situations or training programs, and facilitates the assessment of professionalism and communication skills between residents and other health care professionals.