bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemology
Authors: Mueller Sean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses how shared rule as regional government influence over national decisions can be measured empirically. It builds on the Regional Authority Index, which assesses the formal dimensions of said influence but adds a more comprehensive typology that includes informality too. Based on a survey among thirty-eight federalism scholars on eleven different federal political systems, five distinct methods of influence-seeking are identified and their prominence quantified across those countries. Those five channels are using the media and public relations to build up pressure; professional territorial lobbying financed and directed by regional governments; political parties; direct personal contacts in inter-governmental meetings; and intra-institutional influence through bodies such as the German Bundesrat. Direct democracy and judicial litigation are important instruments used within those channels which, although in principle distinct, are in practice often combined.
Feminist Bioethics in Space
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This book is an example of applying the feminist perspective in philosophy, ethics, and bioethics to the consideration of future human space missions. Feminism is a thought perspective that is rarely present in the reflection on space and space missions. This book focuses on bioethical issues that may arise in future long-term and long-distance space missions. The issues are primarily human enhancement and human reproduction in space. Applying the perspective of feminist bioethics makes it possible to see potential risks that are not usually raised by nonfeminist bioethics. The book points out the consequences of space missions for traditionally marginalized and excluded groups, such as women, nonwhites, people with disabilities, indigenous people, and the sexually nonbinary. In a manner appropriate to feminism, the book discusses ethical and bioethical issues using such explanatory categories as sex and gender, power, oppression, discrimination, domination, and exclusion. The book offers a broad perspective, going beyond bioethical issues to a wider context that includes the global situation in the world. The book offers an intersectional perspective, highlighting the dangers and risks of overlapping different types of oppression and discrimination. While most attention is given to the situation of women and their potential oppression in space, particularly in the context of their reproductive rights, considerable attention is given to other excluded groups, including the disabled. The book aims to sensitize us to the need to recognize in our activities the risks of inequality and exclusion that may be replicated in space.
An Introduction to Feminist Ethics and Bioethics
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter is an introduction to feminist ethics and bioethics, not necessarily related to the issue of space exploration. Key categories and concepts specific to feminism are discussed, such as the culturally and socially inferior position of women in a sexist and patriarchal society, gender issues, ethics of care versus power-based ethics, as well as feminist critiques of dominant, nonfeminist philosophy and ethics. The chapter draws attention to the multiplicity of positions in feminist ethics and bioethics. This multiplicity, however, accounts for the richness of feminism, which points to the complexity of each situation. This diversity within feminist thought seems particularly useful when considering the future challenges of humanity, including our presence in space.
An Introduction to Feminist Bioethics in Space
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of feminist bioethics of space exploration into the world literature for the first time. Selected bioethical problems in space such as the problem of autonomy or justice are analyzed. The chapter also discusses the issue of the potential difference between feminist bioethics on Earth and feminist bioethics in space. The difference between feminist bioethics and feminist ethics of space exploration is also discussed, and a number of methodological issues inherent in feminist bioethics of space exploration are analyzed. The chapter also shows the place of feminism and feminist bioethics in the philosophy of space exploration. It also presents a feminist critique of the methodology of non-feminist bioethics.
Disability in Space
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the issue of disability in space. A feminist approach to disability in general is presented. The problematic nature of viewing disability in the cosmos from the perspective of the masculinist ideal of able-bodiedness is discussed, which is not due to the specifics of disability itself, but to the way it is understood through the lens of the able-bodied norm. The chapter also examines whether excluding people with disabilities from participating in space missions can be morally justified in at least some cases. The issue of negative and positive selection in a future base in space, where reproduction would be possible, is also discussed.
Feminist Bioethics of Human Enhancement
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the most important issue for feminist bioethics of space missions, namely the issue of human enhancement and reproduction in space. The problematic nature of the notion of the norm, which has exclusionary potential, is presented. The chapter shows how the idea of human enhancement can negatively affect women in particular. Commodification, medicalization, and instrumental treatment of the female body, which is subject to constant scrutiny and monitoring, is discussed. These phenomena will increase rather than decrease in the cosmos. Feminist arguments for and against germ cell modification are discussed. Finally, considerable attention is given to the feminist approach to reproduction, and potential threats to reproductive rights in space are shown.
Antinatalism, Environmental Ethics, and Feminism
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines issues of antinatalism in the context of global challenges on Earth such as climate change and “overpopulation.” The chapter discusses topics inherent in population ethics and looks at the controversial idea of population reduction, pointing out its contentious dimensions. A critique of these ideals specific to feminist bioethics is presented, as well as a critique of antinatalism, clearly distinguishing discriminatory political antinatalism from philosophical antinatalism. Philosophical issues related to the notion of a life worth living, as well as concern for future people, are discussed. The chapter also draws attention to ecofeminism in both the earthly context and regarding our expansion into space.
Conclusions
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is highly likely that expansion into space will be an important part of humanity’s future. In itself, it is probably something to be viewed positively. The feminist perspective adopted in this book, however, suggests skepticism and caution in analyzing the potential long-term consequences of our presence in space. Feminism pays particular attention to the risks of exclusion and oppression. Feminist bioethics analyzes selected biomedical issues in space in a way that differs from nonfeminist bioethics. The task of skepticism inherent in the feminist perspective is to seek to avoid worst-case scenarios. The main premise of the feminist approach to reflecting on our future in the space is that our knowledge of the mechanisms of discrimination, exploitation, and oppression should set the framework for thinking about the future and can never be ignored.
The Enlightenment
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many books claim to explain the Enlightenment, but they all assume that it was a thing. This is the first book to show what it actually was, namely an historiographical concept. It is a critical historical analysis of the Enlightenment in England, Scotland, France, Germany, and the United States, from c.1650 to the present. It argues that the degree of commonality between social and intellectual movements in each, and between the five societies, has been overstated for polemical purposes, some of which it explores. It contends that the concept of ‘the Enlightenment’ was not widely adopted in those societies until the mid twentieth century; indeed it was unknown in the eighteenth. Without the concept, people at the time were unable to act in ways that would have created the Enlightenment as a movement. Since the conventional account has been that the Enlightenment was a phenomenon, the idea could be used as a component of what has been called a ‘civil religion’, a summing up of the myths of origin, aims, and essential values of a society from which dissent is not permitted. An appreciation that it was instead an historiographical concept in turn undermines the idea that there was, in these societies, a great transition to what came to be called ‘modernity’. Currently ‘the Enlightenment’ is a term widely accepted across popular culture and in many academic disciplines, notably history, philosophy, political theory, political science, literary studies, and theology; this book calls for fundamental reconsiderations in each.
What Was English Discourse?
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 begins to investigate what eighteenth-century English discourse and its key concepts were, if ‘the Enlightenment’ in its present sense was not part of it. It focuses on four leading concepts, but concepts closely related in the world view retrojected onto the eighteenth century by late modernism: liberalism, philosophy, progress, and enlightenment. The first and fourth it identifies as imports from Spain and Germany respectively, the second and third it contends lacked their present meanings. It offers contextual studies that place these four terms within the meanings ascribed to them in the eighteenth century, and so contributes to reconstruct English-language discourse in its eighteenth-century forms.
Did Liberals Recognize the Enlightenment?
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It has been conventional to see nineteenth-century Britain as dominated by a reified ‘liberalism’, and to see liberalism as an organized, normative, unified campaign that carried forward ideals or a sense of coherence from the eighteenth century. Chapter 8 argues that British liberalism took longer to emerge, that it was very various in its tenets, and that its supposed leading light, John Stuart Mill, was driven in framing his overarching scenario by a need to assert a moral emancipation that had not happened in any earlier age. Into the early twentieth century British liberalism was not built by its advocates on an historical model that linked it with any eighteenth-century antecedents.
How Did Different Nationalities Construct their Enlightenment?
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Enlightenment is not merely a category for academic historians; it has been adopted, and fought over, in several societies that have developed what has been called by Robert N. Bellah a civil religion. The general patterns of debate are here traced in the United States, France, Germany, and Scotland, societies that were often framed in armed conflict and that continue to be locked in disagreement, often agonized, over the meaning of an episode of founding. Finally, the current state is considered of the debate over whether there was one Enlightenment, or many Enlightenments, or whether this has been a question wrongly framed.
State Capitalism Begets State Capitalism
Authors: Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter emphasizes the role of combination and political multiplicity as a particularly potent dynamic in contemporary state capitalism. Its overall contention is that relational co-constitution shapes the form and outcome of emerging state capitalist landscapes. The various repertoires of state intervention develop in dynamic, inter-referential, and combinatorial forms, resulting in cumulative effects, which themselves produce further extensions of state prerogatives. Indeed, a particular form of state activism may have cascading impacts and ricocheting effects across geographic space, including in non-adjacent locations and faraway places, insofar as they spark a policy response on the part of states which are directly affected. Effects may be less direct (but no less significant) when a particular modality of state intervention in one place transforms economic conditions and sociopolitical relations elsewhere, in turn prompting other states to react to this new context by developing novel prerogatives. The picture that emerges, then, is less one of a mosaic of neatly demarcated varieties of capitalism, than one of moving landscapes of state intervention that are created and transformed over time through interconnected socio-spatial processes and interactions. The chapter substantiates this claim by tracing three types of combinatorial mechanisms: (1) competitive emulation in the context of geoeconomic and geopolitical rivalry; (2) peer group learning and mimetic behaviour; (3) enabling and mutual reinforcement. These various cases illustrate that state capitalism tends to develop in a spiral-like movement, with self-reinforcing state transformations expanding geographically and across policy domains. The chapter calls this the ‘spiral of state capitalism’.
Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Echevarria II Antulio J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Military strategy plays a vital role in every conflict. Inspired by the great military theoreticians Sun Tzu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Carl von Clausewitz, Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction highlights the dynamic relationship among the principal components of strategy: purpose, method, and means. It draws on examples such as Hannibal’s war against Rome, Napoleon’s victory at Austerlitz, the Allies’ campaign to overwhelm Hitler’s Fortress Europe, and the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, to illustrate the factors contributing to the success or failure of military strategy. The major types of military strategy and their advantages and disadvantages are described: annihilation and dislocation, attrition and exhaustion, deterrence and coercion, terror and terrorism, targeted killing, and cyber power.
Terror and terrorism
Authors: Echevarria II Antulio J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
“Terror and terrorism” discusses strategies in which terror is used to break an opponent’s willingness to fight or to induce a change in a rival power’s policy or behavior. Terror often causes little damage to a foe’s physical capacity to fight, even if it inflicts mass casualties. Targets are usually chosen for their psychological rather than their material effect. Terror and terrorism are military strategies largely because of their coercive power. Terrorism is violence (discriminate or otherwise) directed against noncombatants to influence public opinion or to modify a government’s policies. Whether terrorism constitutes a strategy or a tactic is still a matter of debate.
Pandemics: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The 2014 Ebola epidemic demonstrated the power of pandemics and their ability not only to destroy lives locally but also to capture imaginations worldwide. Pandemics: A Very Short Introduction provides a concise yet comprehensive account of pandemics throughout human history, illustrating the ways in which pandemic disease—including plague, tuberculosis, malaria, smallpox, cholera, influenza, HIV/AIDS, and Covid 19—has shaped history and how human history has shaped pandemic disease. By considering the explosion of medical research and the varying state responses, such as quarantine and travel restrictions, this Very Short Introduction shows why pandemics are both interesting from a medical standpoint and provide insight into the culture and politics of their time.
347 Did occupational hygienists make a difference for workers during the pandemic?
Authors: Brosseau Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Occupational hygienists are uniquely prepared to recognize, evaluate and control novel workplace hazards, but the profession was often sidelined and marginalized in the development and deployment of workplace guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workplaces were among the most hazardous settings for COVID-19 transmission, but the interventions we employ for workplace hazards were often ignored. Beyond the pandemic, infectious respiratory diseases are an important factor in worker health and safety and deserve our ongoing attention.
Workers can be both the source and receptor of an infectious aerosol, which complicates our approach to the hierarchy of controls. However, the underlying principles remain the same. Whether used as source control or personal protection, masks and respirators are the final option, because they rely on humans for effective deployment. As well, mandating vaccines for workers must be carefully considered, in light of their limitations and placement in the hierarchy. This calls for a reconsideration and reframing of the control hierarchy.
Exposure to a hazardous aerosol, whether generated by people or industrial processes, requires consideration of particle concentration and exposure time. Control banding, which has been successfully applied when hazards lack exposure limits, should become an accepted tool for assessing infectious aerosol exposures.
Occupational health is a public health discipline but is often ignored and sidelined by medical and public health professionals. We lack health and safety standards and regulations focused on recognition, evaluation and prevention of infectious disease transmission in workplaces. Occupational hygienists could play a more active role in the development of such guidelines and standards. We can’t let an incomplete understanding of the exposure or the lack of sampling methods or exposure limits prevent our taking a leadership role in protecting workers from aerosol transmissible diseases.
42 Interventions to reduce PAH exposure in wildland firefighters
Authors: Broznitsky Natasha , Durrad Tristan , Kinniburgh David , Kimble Levi , Litchy Andrew , Shum Mona , Tiu Sylvia , Zadunayski Tanis , Cherry Nicola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wildland firefighters are repeatedly exposed to smoke and particles during increasingly long and fierce wildfire seasons with both inhalation and skin absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Wildfire firefighters do not habitually use respiratory protection and good skin hygiene to reduce exposure through contaminated clothing and equipment can be difficult for those living in camp. We introduced interventions to reduce exposures during the 2019, 2021 and 2023 fire seasons, with urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP), as the outcome marker for PAH absorption. Secondary outcomes included self-reports of mask wearing and post fire respiratory symptom. Sources of PAH exposure were evaluated by personal sampling pumps and skin wipes.
A total of 281 firefighters from the western Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia took part over the three fire seasons. Interventions in 2019 and 2021 addressed both skin hygiene and mask wearing: the 2023 intervention compares the effects of three types of mask, half-face with P100 cartridges fire mask and mesh mask.
Data collection for the 2023 season has been completed and analysis is in progress, with results expected early in 2023. Data from previous seasons have shown a strong relation between ambient air and skin wipe PAHs and urinary 1-HP, with lower than predicted values in those randomly allocated to wear a mask. A minority of those allocated masks wore them little or not at all, citing discomfort and difficulties carrying out their tasks. The 2023 season data will give clearer indication of the type of mask most efficient and acceptable.
54 Food insecurity as a worsening occupational hazard
Authors: Alban Ashton 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When asking the question “what topics are most pertinent to worker health and safety?” many respond with topics like heat, training, fall protection, etc. Very few will respond with food insecurity as a topic; however, internationally food security has been on the rise due to factors like conflict and climate change that are exacerbating the issue. This session explores the role that nutrition plays on cognitive and physical function and how the workplace is impacted by worker nutritional status. After establishing the impact that nutrition has on the workplace, the session dives deeper to discern how the rising rates of food insecurity could impact the changing workplace through increases in worker injury. The session will implore individuals and companies to consider how food insecurity is impacting workers and the role of OEHS professionals to address it.
65 What to wear? Occupational hygiene applications for wearables
Authors: Shum Mona , McLean Scott , Lu Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Evaluation of exposure in occupational hygiene usually means monitoring the environment in which workers work and then comparing those measurements to established exposure limits. This one size-fits-all approach is protective of the majority of a healthy working population but does not account for variability in how individual workers react or metabolize certain hazards. Wearable technologies continue to evolve and proliferate, particularly in the workplace, being used to monitor a broad range of employee performance and health metrics in equally diverse use case environments. These technologies afford continuous monitoring of individual-specific data-driven outcomes, enabling more targeted risk mitigations and interventions to be developed, implemented, and evaluated. Wearable devices that can detect, measure, and compare a user’s heart rate, sweat output and composition, fatigue, sleep quality, etc., for example, would allow occupational hygienists to monitor and remedy, where possible, individual effects of exposure, both acutely and longitudinally, in a way that hanging an environmental monitor on a worker, simply cannot. Moreover, these data can be aggregated and visualized at the employer-level, such that targeted strategies for enhancing employee performance and health can be developed, evaluated, and refined as needed. Additionally, they provide a means through which complementary employee-specific insights and guidance can be provided to enhance compliance. This round table session will discuss the potential for wearables integration for occupational exposure evaluations, overarching research, testing, and evaluation approaches to inform optimal fit-for-purpose solutions, and thus the utility, challenges, and opportunities for using targeted wearables for occupational exposure purposes moving forward.