bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardizing Planning and Cooperation Across Departments and Organisations to Increase Efficiency and Decrease Repeated Mistakes
Authors: Andersen Øystein , Djomina Maria , Mathisen Petter 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As technology has developed over the recent years, engineers have gained access to more and more powerful tools to solve difficult engineering tasks. All of these tools have generated enormous quantity of data that in many cases has been filed but never used again. The technological development has not changed the fundamental ways engineers and organisations work in silos, making it difficult to take advantage of historical data and learned experiences for future improvement.
This paper introduces a new online database that combines data and experience from previous operations in order to increase efficiency of planning and execution of well operations in the future. By developing a platform for recording and managing any data in one readable mode, a method for standardizing data formats and content was created. In order to extract maximum of the available data saved by different users in various organisations, a common usable log was developed to export readable data. The online software tool was developed using public data and can be futher extended by adding commercial and user related business information. With one platform to share and visualize data there will be a significant advantage for the organization making use of all data and learning from project to project.
Throughout developing a platform for reusing and sharing data and experiences it has been found that significant time can be saved planning new projects. Not only can time be saved, but by removing the manual process of searching and processing data, the quality of the data analysis increases dramatically, removing high risk elements to the project. By sharing experiences between departments and organisations and making them easily available in the planning phase, gradually changes the way the engineer have been working. The mindset to focus on best practices has changed by being open to sharing experience. Saving time on manual searches, data processing and capturing important experiences has led to better cooperation, time saving and increase of quality in planning and operation execution. By testing the database internally first, it has been proved that 1-3 weeks of work can be saved on each project normally devoted to data search and processing. This allows the engineer primarily to focus on his main tasks. Focusing on the main task and using the data and experiences for choosing the best solution has led to significant decrease of risk and cost.
As data and experiences normally belong to departments, projects or organisations, it has been found that most companies do not efficiently share these across their organisation, and even less with other companies. With a web based platform for experience and data capture and sharing, companies can for the first time be able to share data across the whole organization. This will ultimately lead to a learning organization that will improve the quality of deliveries in the longer perspective.
CFD Analysis and Model Comparison of Annular Frictional Pressure Losses While Circulating Yield Power Law Fluids
Authors: Erge Oney , Ozbayoglu Evren M. , Miska Stefan Z. , Yu Mengjiao , Takach Nicholas , Saasen Arild , May Roland 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is conducted on the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in annuli including the effect of inner pipe rotation. A practical numerical model is proposed that accurately estimates the annular frictional pressure losses with and without the inner pipe rotation. Experiments are conducted at a 91 ft. long flow loop using various fluids that can be characterized as Yield Power Law (YPL). A commercial CFD software is used to validate the proposed numerical approach. A comprehensive comparison of the proposed model, CFD results, experimental results, the published experimental results and most widely used models from the literature is presented.
The experimental setup simulates horizontal wellbore applications, which are increasingly prevalent due to recent shale plays. Today, since most drilling fluids show YPL behavior, YPL fluids with a wide range of rheological properties are used as test fluids in this study. The numerical model is coupled with a stability criterion that determines the onset and offset of the transitional flow between laminar and turbulent regions. The velocity profiles of a wide range of diameter ratios, Taylor and Reynolds numbers are presented. Various degrees of eccentricity are analyzed in terms of pressure profile and flow stability with the proposed method.
The results from the experiments show significantly reduced pressure drops in fully eccentric annuli compared to concentric geometry. An increase in pressure loss is observed as the pipe is rotated while it is eccentric. The comparisons between the models indicate that the slot approximation can result in large errors especially when the diameter ratio is low. A 3D wellbore can be evaluated with grids using the proposed numerical method and the local stability criterion, which leads to accurate pressure loss estimations. Grid analysis can show the flow state profile and the pressure loss profile of a wellbore, which has potential to optimize operations in real-time or in the design phase.
This study contributes to a better understanding of flow in annuli. The results obtained from this study are useful to predict the transition and the annular frictional pressure loss profiles more accurately than existing methods. Potential applications include risk avoidance and optimized operations.
Study of Thermal Variations in Wells During CO2 Injection
Authors: Lund Halvor , Torsæter Malin , Munkejord Svend Tollak 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be injected into the subsurface for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), possibly with geological CO2 storage. This procedure brings about a set of unique challenges with respect to well construction, operation and remediation. As compared to normal production, CO2 injection imposes lower temperatures and stronger temperature variations on wells. This is especially prevalent if the injection is not continuous. Downhole temperature variations will result in expansion or contraction of casings and well barrier materials, which can cause them to crack or de-bond at interfaces. To avoid leakage paths through wells it is therefore important to understand within which temperature intervals it is safe to operate.
In the present paper we describe a heat-conduction model for calculating heat transfer from the well to the casing, annular seal and rock formation. These materials have dissimilar thermal properties, and will behave differently upon downhole temperature variations. The model is discretized using a finite-volume method developed especially for accurate calculation of heat conducted radially in a well. This allows us to predict temperatures and temperature variations at various locations in and around a given well during CO2 injection.
To verify the numerical model, we compare our simulation results with the time-varying temperatures measured in our laboratory. Good agreement is found between the numerical predictions and the measured data. Simulation results are presented for different combinations of formations and well barrier materials (cement and alternative types of annular sealants) to display their effect on the well temperature. It is found that by replacing cement with an annular sealant material with higher thermal conductivity, the temperature difference between the casing/seal interface and the seal/rock interface can be significantly reduced. A high-conductivity formation such as halite/rock salt can also reduce thermal gradients in the well materials.
Statfjord Implements a New Gas Lift Casing Design with 11 ¾ Liner to Open ~ 40 Slots for 13 3/8 exit
Authors: Lunkad Siddhartha F. , Haaland Sigurd , Svanes Kåre , Østensen Ståle 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Statfjord Field is one of the largest and oldest fields on NCS and operates with platforms Stafjord A, B and C. In recent years, slot recovery to drill more wells has posed a big challenge to deliver wells with Gas Lift design due to extensive and time & cost consuming P&A and casing cut & pull operations. As Statfjord is operating in late life phase using artificial gas lift as a secondary recovery approach, well designs to meet NORSOK well integrity casing design requirements is a key design focus. Along with the above mentioned technical challenges, improving operational excellence has driven the concept of innovative casing design with 11 ¾″ liners. This design eliminates the time spent on extensive casing retrieval operations. In addition, reduces time and risks associated with drilling 17 ½″ section that requires changing from 13 5/8″ to 21 ¼″ BOP, higher flow rates for hole cleaning and larger volume of cutting injection, and waiting 13 3/8″ casing hangers that are crucial long lead item. Installation of 11 ¾″ liner and cementing 9 5/8″ casing in tight ECD margins were identified as high priority design goals in the early planning phase. To address aforementioned challenges and meet design goal in time and cost efficient way, innovative ideas were a fundamental necessity.
This paper discusses the background behind need for a new gas lift well design for well 33/12-B-42 B, casing design approach, challenges faced during planning and learnings from operations. Key operational highlights leading to successful well delivery were: optimization of 11 ¾″ liner depth to meet gas lift formation strength requirements; successful 11 ¾″ liner cement job with rotation to secure the secondary barrier envelop; and opening the narrow ECD window between 9 5/8″ casing and 11 ¾″ liner with to Low Rheology Oil Based Mud (LROBM) after drilling 10 5/8″ × 12 ¼″ section with Conventional Oil Based Mud (COBM). Successful cement job on 9 5/8″ casing facilitated the improved production profile by placement of production packer in 9 5/8″ casing instead of 7″ liner. The new gas lift well design has opened ~ 40 slots for 13 3/8″ exit on Statfjord and it is expected to reduce the time consuming casing retrieval and slot recovery operations
Cement Sheath Integrity During Thermal Cycling: A Novel Approach for Experimental Tests of Cement Systems
Authors: De Andrade J. , Sangesland S. , Todorovic J. , Vrålstad T. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Well cement is placed into the annulus between casing and formation to provide structural support and zonal isolation through the well lifecycle. Nevertheless, operators in the North Sea have been concerned by the ability of the cement sheath to maintain sealing integrity given to the increasing number of reported failures in mature wells. As a result, recent efforts have been undertaken to achieve enhancements in the technology and standardization of tools to assess the status of this barrier. Yet, progress seems slow due to the high complexity of performing the task downhole. Hence, a new laboratory setup is designed to permit a detailed assessment of cement sheath failure mechanisms for realistic wellbore curing and operating conditions.
The laboratory set-up is conceived to allow visualizing the development of possible leak paths throughout the cement sheath, such as de-bonded areas and cracks in the bulk of cement, when exposed to pressure- and temperature-related varying loads. It comprises downscale concentric cylinders of rock, cement and pipe attempting to resemble a cased wellbore section. Temperature and pressure inside the casing can be varied in a controlled manner. In addition, cement pore pressure and rock confining pressure can be controlled independently. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the sample before and along the cyclic loads provide geometric three-dimensional information that aids identifying how and where the cement sheath is damaged.
The first trials of the pressurized cell deal with two samples, one with sandstone and one with shale rock, with centralized pipe and Portland G cement. During the curing process temperature and pressure are kept constant. After the cement sets, pressure is kept constant while casing temperature is varied along several cycles. Initial CT analyses show that cement hydraulic pressure provides a better initial cement job than for previous cemented samples with no pressure. In that sense, it was found better cement bonding to casing and formation, as well as less volume of voids after cement cured. Moreover, the cracking failure mechanisms resulting from thermal cyclic loads were mitigated due to the reduction of tensile stresses, since cement hydrostatic stress and confining pressure around the rock exists.
With this new laboratory set-up it is possible to evaluate the capabilities of any type sealant material to withstand varying temperature and pressure loads by visualization and quantification of de-bonded areas and cracks propagation along the time. The method offers an alternative to study in detail and compare sealant materials used as annular barrier when exposed to realistic wellbore thermal loads.
Best Practices of Integrated Well Placement Technologies in Developing an Ultrathin Reservoir: A Case History from Tarim Basin West China
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Ruiying , Kang Peng , Xia Guofeng , Zhang Xingwang , Yin Zhiping , Lin Xin , Wang Yong , Sun Qigang , Wu Bohong , Kok Jeffrey 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To enhance the production of an ultrathin reservoir off a single lateral well, operators implemented a double-step profile well that threads two ultrathin layers with a displacement of 300~400 m in lateral length within each layer. The well is part of an integrated well placement approach that has significantly increased production from the ultrathin (0.4~0.8-m) reservoir of Hadexun oilfield, China. The program includes a hybrid drilling system, near-bit measurements, bed-boundary mapping, and real-time borehole images to manage risks while reducing construction costs in this complex reservoir.
At the time of publication, 15 wells had been successfully executed and plans for constructing pilot wells were eliminated, achieving an 86% net-to-gross and reducing the drilling cycle by almost one-third. Similar solutions can be applied in other ultrathin reservoir blocks to achieve repeated success.
A New Method of Predicting the Well Performance of Multi-Frac Horizontal Wells
Authors: Shen Z. , Ling K. , Yip Y. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Multi-fractured (multi-frac) horizontal wells have emerged as an advanced mean for enhancing well productivity in low permeability reservoirs, being used to advance the development of shale oil and shale gas reservoirs. Fluid transport in the fracture domain is dominated by the fracture effect. In the non-fracture domain mainly representing the area of fluid flow from reservoir boundary to the fracture domain, there exists a threshold pressure gradient. The fluid in low permeability porous media is not able to flow until the reservoir pressure gradient is greater than a minimum value. Due to the complexity of reservoir simulations for multi-frac horizontal wells in low permeability shale reservoirs, a reliable mechanistic model is needed for production engineers. The analytical solution to well performance in multi-frac horizontal wells has been studied by different researchers. None of the models considered the effect of multiple phase fluid flow. These models were further weakened by using the constant fluid properties.
This paper presents a rigorous model used to predict multi-frac horizontal well performance for low permeability reservoirs, under the effects of reservoir threshold pressure gradient and non-constant fluid properties while also considering the impact of multiphase flow through non-fracture and fracture domains. The effect of pressure dependent reservoir properties was often overlooked in multi-frac horizontal well models. In general, the significant pressure difference across the reservoir boundary and at the wellbore results in the changes of fluid viscosity, and density. The existing single phase and constant fluid property models overestimate production rates, while that predicted by the new, multi-phase model better matches the field production rate.
Study of Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Slc6a14 Gene in Association with Male Infertility
Authors: Noveski P. , Mircevska M. , Plaseski T. , Peterlin B. , Plaseska-Karanfilska D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Although several genetic causes of male infertility are known, the condition in around 60.0-75.0% of infertile male patients appears to be idiopathic. In some, genetic causes may be polygenic and require several low-penetrance genes to produce a phenotype outcome. In others, pleiotropy, when a gene can produce several phenotypic traits, may be involved. We have investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC6A14 [solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14] gene are associated with male infertility. This gene has previously been linked with obesity and cystic fibrosis, which are associated with male infertility. It has a role in the transport of tryptophan and synthesis of serotonin that are important for normal spermatogenesis and testicular function. We have analyzed three SNPs (rs2312054, rs2071877 and rs2011162) in 370 infertile men and 241 fertile controls from two different populations (Macedonian and Slovenian). We found that the rs2011162(G) allele and rs2312054(A)- rs2071877(C)-rs2011162(G) haplotype are present at lower frequencies in the infertile rather than the fertile men (p = 0.044 and p = 0.0144, respectively). We concluded that the SLC6A14 gene may be a population-specific, low-penetrance locus which confers susceptibility to male infertility/subfertility. Additional follow-up studies of a large number of infertile men of different ethnic backgrounds are needed to confirm such a susceptibility.
Reliability Assessment of Date Transmission Systems / Szacowanie Niezawodności Systemu Przesyłu Danych
Authors: Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the reliability estimate of the data transmission system. In practical communication solutions this type of system is widely used. A data transfer between the sender and the receiver is a complex process taking into account the human, communication system and threats. Between these components there are many relationships and dependencies. Current methods use a selective approach to this issue. Therefore, it was decided to develop and present a comprehensive assessment of the system reliability. This method has been verified in representative conditions using commercial and open source tools
Mathematical Model and Simulator of Rotor With Vibrating Blades Model / Matematyczny I Symulator Stopnia Wirnikowego Z Drgającymi Łopatkami
Authors: Wachłaczenko Michał , Przysowa Radosław , Żokowski Mariusz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents description of rotating bladed disk mathematical model. Correctly defined mathematical model of rotor allows creation of numerical simulation model which can be used to generate tip-timing data. First of all, the model is necessary to conduct a research on blade response due to input force in form of changing rotational speed. This enables the possibility to determine turbojet engine terminal operating conditions causing its failure
Prison, Time,Kairosin Langston Hughes’sScottsboro, Limited
Authors: Ryan Katy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Langston Hughes’s verse play Scottsboro, Limited first appeared in the November 1931 issue of New Masses. Hughes takes advantage of agit-prop’s licence to move away from the strictly factual to present a vision of social transformation. Drawing from Antonio Negri’s writing, I discuss the unclear temporal location of the first scene relative to the rest of the action, especially the final act of liberation. Critics have assumed a causal connection between the emergence of communist workers in the audience and the freedom of the Scottsboro figures, but it is the defiance of the imprisoned that strengthens the resolve of the Red Voices and dispatches the Mob. Hughes transforms a scene of private execution into a public platform of black-led revolt, remakes prison into a site of physical and spiritual resistance, and provides a kairological perspective on the U.S. carceral state.
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Minoia Francesca , Davì Sergio , Horne AnnaCarin , Bovis Francesca , Demirkaya Erkan , Akikusa Jonathan , Ayaz Nuray A. , Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Barone Patrizia , Bica Bianca , Bolt Isabel , Breda Luciana , De Cunto Carmen , Enciso Sandra , Gallizzi Romina , Griffin Thomas , Hennon Teresa , Horneff Gerd , Jeng Michael , Kapovic Ageza M. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Magni Manzoni Silvia , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrida , Magalhaes Claudia Saad , Sewairi Wafaa M. , Stine Kimo C. , Vougiouka Olga , Weaver Lehn K. , Davidsone Zane , De Inocencio Jaime , Ioseliani Maka , Lattanzi Bianca , Tezer Hasan , Buoncompagni Antonella , Picco Paolo , Ruperto Nicolino , Martini Alberto , Cron Randy Q. , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: April 2015

Objective.To seek insights into the heterogeneity of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) through the analysis of a large patient sample collected in a multinational survey.Methods.International pediatric rheumatologists and hemato-oncologists entered their patient data, collected retrospectively, in a Web-based database. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, histopathologic, therapeutic, and outcome data were analyzed in relation to (1) geographic location of caring hospital, (2) subspecialty of attending physician, (3) demonstration of hemophagocytosis, and (4) severity of clinical course.Results.A total of 362 patients were included by 95 investigators from 33 countries. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features were comparable among patients seen in diverse geographic areas or by different pediatric specialists. Patients seen in North America were given biologics more frequently. Patients entered by pediatric hemato-oncologists were treated more commonly with biologics and etoposide, whereas patients seen by pediatric rheumatologists more frequently received cyclosporine. Patients with demonstration of hemophagocytosis had shorter duration of sJIA at MAS onset, higher prevalence of hepatosplenomegaly, lower levels of platelets and fibrinogen, and were more frequently administered cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and etoposide. Patients with severe course were older, had longer duration of sJIA at MAS onset, had more full-blown clinical picture, and were more commonly given cyclosporine, IVIG, and etoposide.Conclusion.The clinical spectrum of MAS is comparable across patients seen in different geographic settings or by diverse pediatric subspecialists. There was a disparity in the therapeutic choices among physicians that underscores the need to establish uniform therapeutic protocols.
Faire reconnaître sa vulnérabilité : quand les épouses zarma (Niger) quittent le foyer conjugal
Authors: Bornand Sandra 
Published: April 2015

Au Niger, dans la société zarma, quand une famille donne sa fille en mariage, elle ne l’abandonne pas pour autant à son sort car, si le mariage lui fait acquérir un prestige social, il la rend aussi vulnérable : elle vit désormais dans la famille de son époux, sous la responsabilité et l’autorité de celle-ci, mais y reste considérée comme une ‘étrangère’. Une épouse mécontente peut quitter son foyer et rentrer chez ses parents. En l’accueillant, ils reconnaissent sa vulnérabilité : ils lui apportent protection, écoutent ses doléances, et peuvent blâmer l’époux indélicat, voire lui demander réparation pour les préjudices subis. La possibilité même de cette ‘fugue’ s’exprime dans les chants de femmes qui rappellent à chacune ses droits et les conditions de l’exercice de ce départ.