bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE: A BETTER BIO MARKER FOR ASSESSMENT OF ANOVULATION IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL BIOMARKERS
Authors: Goheer Arfa , Saeed Rabia , Sajid Iqra , Hafiz Hafiza Asma , Khan Sara , Saad Ammar Bin 
Published: July 2024

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of childbearing age. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in predicting anovulatory PCOS, keeping day 21 progesterone level as gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted on 289 women aged 15–30 years with PCOS, from 11 Aug 2021 to 10 Feb 2022, in Pathology Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. AMH levels were measured and anovulatory events documented. AMH levels were compared with progesterone levels on the 21st day of the menstrual cycle. Results: In the cohort of individuals demonstrating a positive presence of AMH, a total of 149 were accurately identified as true positives, while 6 were mistakenly classified as false positives. Within the group of patients exhibiting a negative status for AMH, 8 were incorrectly categorized as false negatives, whereas 126 were correctly identified as true negatives. When evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of AMH as a predictor of anovulatory PCOS, with the 21st day progesterone measurement, the following metrics were ascertained: a commendable sensitivity of 94.90%, a robust specificity of 95.45%, a notable positive predictive value of 96.13%, a substantial negative predictive value of 94.03%, and an impressive overall diagnostic accuracy of 95.16%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of Anti-Müllerian hormone in predicting anovulatory PCOS is very high.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):8-11
MENTAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE AMONG PAKISTANI WOMEN SUFFERING FROM POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Ishfaq Wardah , Mushtaq Rabia 
Published: July 2024

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with multiple mental health issues, however resilience can work as a buffer against mental illnesses. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and resilience and to compare mental health and resilience between working and non-working women suffering from PCOS. Method: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the gynaecological wards of government and private hospitals and clinics from January to June 2023. Two hundred women suffering from PCOS were selected through non-probability sampling. The data was collected through two reliable measures: the Mental Health Inventory 38-Urdu (MHI-38) and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale-Urdu. Data was analyzed on SPSS-26 by means of Cronbach alpha reliability, Pearson correlation, Mean±SD, and t-tests. Results: Psychometric properties showed high reliability of the study scale for MHI 38-U (?=0.87) and for CDRS-U (?=0.82, p<0.001). There was a significantly positive correlation between mental health and resilience (r=0.85, p<0.001). Non-working women experience lower mental health (Mean±SD 85.37±9.91) than working women (Mean±SD 136.50±12.94), (p<0.001). Working women experience higher resilience (Mean±SD 65.06±8.71) than non-working women with PCOS (Mean±SD 47.55±12.17), (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between mental health and resilience. Non-working women reported compromised mental health and low resilience compared to working women suffering from PCOS.
Pak J Pysiol 2024;20(1):45-47
Inwestycje drogowe prowadzone na zasadach gospodarki w obiegu zamkniętym oraz ich wpływ na finansowanie remontów i bieżącego utrzymania dróg
Authors: Gryszpanowicz Piotr , Gasik-Kowalska Natalia , Kacprzak Małgorzata , Rymsza Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Inwestycje drogowe prowadzone na zasadach Circular Economy (gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym) mają na celu wprowadzenie zrównoważonych praktyk i minimalizację negatywnego wpływu infrastruktury drogowej na środowisko. Jednym z głównych elementów inwestycji drogowych prowadzonych na zasadach Circular Economy jest zastosowanie materiałów z recyklingu. Materiałem coraz powszechniej stosowanym w budownictwie drogowym jest sfrezowany beton asfaltowy oraz skruszone stare warstwy konstrukcyjne, które po odpowiedniej obróbce mogą być ponownie wykorzystane. Przedmiotem badań było określenie wpływu prowadzenia inwestycji na zasadach Circular Economy na finansowanie remontów i bieżącego utrzymania dróg na przykładzie Płocka – polskiego miasta średniej wielkości. W 2011 r. współautor artykułu zaproponował władzom miasta wprowadzenie zasad zagospodarowania materiałów rozbiórkowych pozyskiwanych z inwestycji realizowanych w pasach drogowych ulic miejskich, co z powodzeniem wdrożono w połowie 2011 r. Wprowadzone regulacje dotyczyły nawierzchni: asfaltowych, kamiennych, z żelbetowych płyt drogowych, z trylinki, z kostki betonowej, ale również krawężników, obrzeży, oporników, a także elementów podbudowy. Program odzyskiwania materiałów rozbiórkowych dał w krótkim czasie duże efekty, przede wszystkim w aspekcie ochrony środowiska, gdyż przed 2011 r. wszystkie materiały rozbiórkowe trafiały na wysypisko odpadów komunalnych, a obecnie ilości materiałów tam przekazywanych równe są zeru. Badania oparte o dane z ostatnich 10 lat, zestawiono z wydatkami ponoszonymi przez zarząd dróg na bieżące utrzymanie i remonty dróg. Celem badań była w konsekwencji odpowiedź na pytanie czy gospodarka drogowa oparta o recykling, może przyczynić się do obniżenia kosztów ponoszonych na utrzymanie i bieżące remonty dróg.
Identification and validation of calcium extrusion-related genes prognostic signature in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Mingpeng , Yin Chun , Yang Jie , Yang Xiaoning , Wang Jing , Zhu Jianjun , Yuan Jian 
Published: July 2024

Background
Disruptions in calcium homeostasis are associated with a wide range of diseases, and play a pivotal role in the development of cancer. However, the construction of prognostic models using calcium extrusion-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has not been well studied. We aimed to identify whether calcium extrusion-related genes serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in the COAD progression.

Methods
We constructed a prognostic model based on the expression of calcium extrusion-related genes (SLC8A1, SLC8A2, SLC8A3, SLC8B1, SLC24A2, SLC24A3 and SLC24A4) in COAD. Subsequently, we evaluated the associations between the risk score calculated by calcium extrusion-related genes and mutation signature, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint molecules. Then we calculated the immune score, stromal score, tumor purity and estimate score using the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. The response to immunotherapy was assessed using tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE). Finally, colorectal cancer cells migration, growth and colony formation assays were performed in RKO cells with the overexpression or knockdown SLC8A3, SLC24A2, SLC24A3, or SLC24A4.

Results
We found that patients with high risk score of calcium extrusion-related genes tend to have a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Additionally, patients in high-risk group had higher rates of KRAS mutations and lower MUC16 mutations, implying a strong correlation between KRAS and MUC16 mutations and calcium homeostasis in COAD. Moreover, the high-risk group showed a higher infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, our study identified two previously unreported model genes (SLC8A3 and SLC24A4) that contribute to the growth and migration of colorectal cancer RKO cells.

Conclusions
Altogether, we developed a prognostic risk model for predicting the prognosis of COAD patients based on the expression profiles of calcium extrusion-related genes, Furthermore, we validated two previously unreported tumor suppressor genes (SLC8A3 and SLC24A4) involved in colorectal cancer progression.
Molecular insights into programmed cell death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Min , Qi Yijun , Zhang Shenghua , Du Yubo , Cheng Haodong , Gao Shegan 
Published: July 2024

Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly type of esophageal cancer. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important pathway of cellular self-extermination and is closely involved in cancer progression. A detailed study of its mechanism may contribute to ESCC treatment.

Methods
We obtained expression profiling data of ESCC patients from public databases and genes related to 12 types of PCD from previous studies. Hub genes in ESCC were screened from PCD-related genes applying differential expression analysis, machine learning analysis, linear support vector machine (SVM), random forest and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis. In addition, based on the HTFtarget and TargetScan databases, transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs interacting with the hub genes were selected. The relationship between hub genes and immune cells were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, to verify the potential impact of the screened hub genes on ESCC occurrence and development, a series of in vitro cell experiments were conducted.

Results
We screened 149 PCD-related DEGs, of which five DEGs (INHBA, LRRK2, HSP90AA1, HSPB8, and EIF2AK2) were identified as the hub genes of ESCC. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the integrated model developed using the hub genes reached 0.997, showing a noticeably high diagnostic accuracy. The number of TFs and miRNAs regulating hub genes was 105 and 22, respectively. INHBA, HSP90AA1 and EIF2AK2 were overexpressed in cancer tissues and cells of ESCC. Notably, INHBA knockdown suppressed ECSS cell migration and invasion and altered the expression of important apoptotic and survival proteins.

Conclusion
This study identified significant molecules with promising accuracy for the diagnosis of ESCC, which may provide a new perspective and experimental basis for ESCC research.
Quantitative Analyses of Nucleic Acid Stability Under the Molecular Crowding Condition Induced by Cosolutes
Authors: Tateishi‐Karimata Hisae , Nakano Shu‐ichi , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA variety of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and other soluble and insoluble low‐molecular weight components, are present in living cells. These molecules occupy a significant fraction of the cellular volume (up to 40%), resulting in a highly crowded intracellular environment. This situation is referred to as molecular crowding. Although the thermodynamic stabilities of DNA structures are known to be altered in a crowded environment, less is known about the behavior of nucleic acids and their interactions with cations and water molecules under such conditions. This unit describes methods that can be used to quantitatively analyze the molecular crowding effects caused by cosolutes on the thermodynamic stability, hydration, and cation binding of nucleic acid structures. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 53:7.19.1‐7.19.17. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Panel Analyzes Pakistan's Internal Water Concerns
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough transboundary water issues between Pakistan and neighboring countries may be exciting and interesting, Pakistan's real water and security nexus is at the local level, according to Daanish Mustafa, coauthor of a new report, “Understanding Pakistan's Water‐Security Nexus.” Mustafa, a reader in politics and environment at King's College, London, U.K., was a panelist at a 30 May forum in Washington, D. C., sponsored by the United States Institute of Peace, which published the report.
Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Bernet William , Canter Jennifer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChild sexual abuse is an important medical, psychological, social, and legal topic. It affects young people of all ages and families of all colors, ethnic groups, and social classes. This article discusses the epidemiology of child sexual abuse, intrafamilial and extrafamilial patterns of abuse, clinical features of child abuse victims, the role of the medical provider in the collection and interpretation of potential forensic evidence, and the forensic psychiatric and psychological evaluation of children who may have been abused. Although medical providers vary in levels of training and expertise in this specialty field of medicine, appropriate training, supervision, and peer review are critical components in the interpretation of potential forensic evidence. The forensic evaluator should follow a standardized process for interviewing the alleged victim in order to collect accurate data. The forensic evaluator should consider the various reasons why a child might make false allegations of abuse as well as false denials of abuse.
Children: Suggestibility of
Authors: Block Stephanie D. , Shockley Kristy L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The suggestibility of children is particularly important to consider when children are responsible for providing eyewitness accounts. Young children are especially vulnerable to internal and external forms of suggestibility, although research findings are mixed to the exact extent of suggestibility on memory. To decrease children's susceptibility to suggestion, it is typically recommended that children are interviewed in a nonleading manner as soon as possible after the event and protected from social forms of pressure (e.g., from parents or peers). Interviewing children in a nonleading manner involves using free recall and open‐ended questions. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the cognitive interview are both examples of interviewing techniques that primarily use free recall and open‐ended questioning. Certain individual traits have also been associated with resistance to false suggestions, such as language skills, verbal ability, self‐esteem, and parental attachment style. However, it is important to note that, these traits have not been consistently related to suggestibility. Research has also been mixed on whether children are less suggestible about negative or taboo events when compared to more positive or neutral events. Reducing suggestibility during interviews is one step in preventing wrongful convictions while also protecting the credibility of children as witnesses.
Jury Dynamics
Authors: Levett Lora M. , Kienzle Megan R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Generally, the jury can be trusted to make a competent decision at trial, using the strength of evidence to render a verdict. Most often, judges agree with the jury's rendered verdict. Thus, the jury's decision is largely a reasonable, sound decision. However, the jury can be influenced by extralegal information and biases, and understanding the dynamics of deliberation may help us understand when these biases are likely to manifest in the jury's decision. In addition, reforming the structure of the trial to eliminate biased jurors and assist jurors in making better decisions may increase the quality of the jury's decision.
Drug‐Facilitated Crime
Authors: LeBeau Marc A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Investigations into reports of drug‐facilitated crimes (DFCs) have increased substantially in recent times. These crimes are investigated when an individual reports having been robbed or assaulted while incapacitated as a result of the effects of a drug—usually, a strong central nervous system (CNS) depressant. A CNS depressant prevents individuals from consenting to the action of perpetrators or from fighting off their attackers. The drug, in essence, acts as a weapon for the offender. This article provides information on the manner in which DFCs occur, the drugs that are used to commit these crimes, and the means of improving the detection of the drugs through toxicological analyses.
Organic Transformations Promoted by Lewis Acid Iron Catalysts
Authors: Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIron salts of high oxidation states, Fe(II) and Fe(III), possess strong Lewis acid properties and are able to activate a wide range of functionalities. These properties, associated with low toxicity, abundance, low price together with more practical aspects, are witnessed by the blossoming of this field in the last few years. Beyond traditional activation of CX and CX bonds, more recent applications involving the generation of iron enolates and oxocarbeniums species, and the activation of CC and CC bonds are surveyed. A special emphasis is given to successive electrophilic and/or nucleophilic activations of different functionalities, which allow domino and one‐pot processes.
Organic Diselenides, Ditellurides, Polyselenides and Polytellurides. Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Potapov Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganic diselenides and ditellurides represent very important classes of compounds, which find valuable applications in organochalcogen chemistry and in organic synthesis. The review describes the main efficient and reliable approaches to organic diselenides and ditellurides and their principal chemical reactions. Examples of syntheses of tri‐ and polyselenides and ‐tellurides have been presented. Typical reactions of organic diselenides and ditellurides with nucleophiles, electrophiles, radicals, carbenes and compounds containing the element‐element bond have been discussed in the review. Regio‐ and stereoselective reactions of organic diselenides and ditellurides with unsaturated compounds provide various chalcogenyl and bis(chalcogenyl) derivatives, which are often used in further transformations including stereoselective synthesis of functionalized alkenes. Along with valuable chemical reactions, organic diselenides and ditellurides act as precursors of both nucleophilic and electrophilic selenium and tellurium species, which participate in various useful transformations. The remarkable property of reacting with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity finds widespread application of selenium and tellurium species in organic synthesis. Besides valuable synthetic applications, organic diselenides and ditellurides exhibit various biological activities including glutathione peroxidase‐like action. Aspects of biological activity of these compounds as well as a comparison of selenol–diselenide and thiol–disulfide reversible exchange reactions have been discussed in the review.
Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Small Molecules Containing Selenium. Part A. Antioxidant Compounds
Authors: L. Braga Antonio , Rafique Jamal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe design and synthesis of organoselenium compound as bioactive structures have achieved a new dimension since the 1970s, when many reports described the identification of various selenoproteins, which are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone production and immune response. In this chapter, strategies and methods for the preparation of synthetic antioxidants containing selenium are reviewed. The unique redox properties of selenium confer catalytic activity to organoselenium compounds and influence their biological properties as well as the methods selected for their preparation. Several approaches can be applied in order to obtain organoselenium compounds, such as reaction of elemental selenium or diselenides with different types of carbanions or reaction of organic electrophiles with selenolate anions generated by different methods, as discussed herein.
Enzyme Mimetic Chemistry of Organoselenium Compounds
Authors: Bhowmick Debasish , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSelenium plays a key role in biology by mediating many important physiological processes. In proteins, selenium is present in the form of selenocysteine (Sec, U), which is generally considered as the 21st amino acid. Although Sec is a homolog of cysteine (Cys, C) and has similar structural and functional properties, the reactivity of Sec residues in proteins is significantly different from that of Cys due to the low redox potential and high nucleophilicity of Sec. In this chapter, some of the well‐studied examples of selenoenzymes and their synthetic mimics are discussed. Synthetic compounds that mimic the function of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iodothyronine deiodinase (ID) are used extensively to understand the chemical mechanism of the enzymes. The chemistry of Sec residue at the active site of GPx is widely studied with the help of a number of small‐molecule organoselenium compounds. Ebselen was the first synthetic GPx mimic to undergo clinical studies for a number of disease states, including stroke, inflammation, and hearing loss, although ebselen and its analogues exhibit poor GPx activity in the presence of thiols due to undesired thiol‐exchange reactions. The GPx activity of severaltert‐amine‐based diselenides is found to be much higher than that of ebselen and related compounds. In these compounds, the amine moiety plays an important role in modulating the reactivity of different intermediates involved in the catalytic cycle. In addition to selenenyl amides and diaryl diselenides, a number of spirodiazaselerunanes are studied as GPx mimics. The role of Sec in iodothyronine deiodinases, which control the thyroid hormone levels, is also discussed in this chapter. Recently, some naphthyl‐based selenols and thiols are reported as mimics of deiodinases.
Single‐Molecule Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Photocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Tachikawa Takashi , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

In this chapter, we have focused on the fluorescence detection of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical, with single dye molecules under a microscope. In particular, successful applications of single‐molecule fluorescence micro(spectro)scopy for the investigation of TiO
2
photocatalytic reactions are demonstrated. The spatially resolved imaging techniques enable us to determine the spatial distribution of ROS and the location of (photo)catalytically active sites that are related to the heterogeneously distributed defects on the surface. Results of these studies provided important information for elucidating the mechanism of heterogeneous chemical reactions on catalyst nanoparticles and for designing new materials for applications in a variety of areas.