bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus on Several Objective Parameters of Dry Eye
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Oehler Saskia , Asimellis George , Kanellopoulos A. John 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the potential influence of corneal cross-linking (CXL) with ultraviolet-A light and riboflavin in keratoconic eyes on several objective parameters of dry eye syndrome.

METHODS:

This prospective single center study included 30 consecutive eyes of 16 patients that underwent CXL with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A treatment (epithelial removal, 30 minutes soaking with riboflavin, 30 minutes of illumination with 365 nm, 3 mW/cm
2
, 5 cm distance). Several dry eye syndrome parameters were evaluated preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after the procedure: intra-individual comparison of fluorescein and Rose bengal staining, height of tear film meniscus, and tear film break-up time.

RESULTS:
Pathologic staining (more than 10 point-shaped areas or diffuse staining) with fluorescein was evident before CXL in 1 eye, 3 months after CXL in 1 eye, and 6 months after CXL in 1 eye. Rose bengal staining 3 and 6 months postoperatively was comparable to preoperative staining. Tear film height was reduced in 2 eyes before CXL and in 4 eyes 3 months postoperatively, and was normal in all eyes after 6 months. The number of eyes with reduced tear film break-up time was not significantly changed.

CONCLUSIONS:
CXL had no significant impact on several parameters of dry eye syndrome 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(9):612–616.]
Fixation Stability and Location in Patients With Unilateral Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Tarita-Nistor Luminita , Mandelcorn Mark S. , Steinbach Martin J. , Mandelcorn Efrem D. , González Esther G. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To explore fixation stability of patients with decreased vision due to idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fourteen consecutive patients with unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane participated. Visual acuity was measured with ETDRS, and fixation stability was recorded with the MP-1 microperimeter (Nidek Technologies Srl., Vigonza, Italy) for both eyes. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

RESULTS:

Visual acuity of the affected eye (mean = .45 ± .23 LogMAR) was significantly worse than that of the contralateral eye (mean = .11 ± .16 Log-MAR),
P
< .0001. Fixation stability of the affected eye was not significantly different from that of the contralateral eye. There was a high correlation between fixation stability of the affected and contralateral eyes,
r
(12) = .67,
P
= .0087. Moreover, fixation was central or within 3 degrees from the fovea.

CONCLUSION:
Despite lower visual acuity, untreated eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane have unimpaired central fixation.
Association Between Systemic Anticoagulation and Rate of Intraocular Hemorrhage Following Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Olson Joanna M. , Scott Ingrid U. , Kerchner Denise L. , Kunselman Allen R. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association between systemic anticoagulant medication usage at the time of intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection with post-injection intraocular hemorrhage among patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, consecutive case series of all patients treated with anti-VEGF injection for neovascular AMD at the Penn State Hershey Eye Center between 2004 and 2010: 1,710 anti-VEGF injections performed in 228 eyes of 191 patients. Each injection was analyzed according to whether the patient was taking systemic anticoagulant medication at the time of injection.

RESULTS:
Intraocular hemorrhage occurred after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in four eyes (0.25%). Vitreous hemorrhage occurred in three patients taking systemic anticoagulation. Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in one patient not on anticoagulant therapy. In a bivariate analysis, the odds of intraocular hemorrhage are 1.9 times higher for injections performed in patients on systemic anticoagulation versus those not on systemic anticoagulation; this difference is not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:
The rate of intraocular hemorrhage after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF therapy among patients with AMD is low, and there is no significant difference between patients taking systemic anticoagulant medications at the time of injection and patients not on anticoagulation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:455–459.]
Novel Retrobulbar Anesthesia Technique Through the Sub-Tenon’s Space Using a Sharp Needle in a Blunt Cannula
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsuo , Horiguchi Masayuki , Tanikawa Atsuhiro , Shimada Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The authors developed a new technique for retrobulbar anesthesia and compared it with the conventional transcutaneous method in 223 eyes undergoing vitrectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In the new technique, a 24-mm-long 19-gauge curved cannula with a 27-gauge straight needle with an oval tip was inserted into the sub-Tenon’s space, and then the oval-tipped needle was replaced with a 50-mm-long 25-gauge curved needle. Anesthetic was then injected into the muscle cone from the syringe. The authors compared 118 eyes undergoing vitrectomy with the new technique and 105 eyes undergoing the procedure with conventional anesthesia.

RESULTS:

The pain scores were 0.1 ± 0.32 for the new technique and 1.57 ± 0.73 for the conventional technique (
P
< .001). Additional anesthetic required was 0.1 ± 0.33 mL using the new technique and 0.3 ± 0.68 mL using the conventional method (
P
= .03).

CONCLUSION:
This novel approach to retrobulbar anesthesia using a guarded cannula is safe and effective, causing less pain than the conventional technique.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:483–486.]
Ocular Blood Flow Before, During, and After Vitrectomy Determined by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy
Authors: Okamoto Masahiro , Matsuura Toyoaki , Ogata Nahoko 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Vitrectomy markedly alters the intraocular milieu, which can then affect the physiology of the retina and choroid. This study investigates whether vitrectomy also alters ocular blood flow as determined by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twenty eyes of 20 patients that underwent vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole or epiretinal membrane were studied. Standard 23-gauge microincision vitreous surgery was performed. Ocular blood flow of the optic nerve head, retinal vessels, and choroid was determined by LSGF before, during, and 2 weeks and 1 month after vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

Postoperative blood flow of the optic nerve head, retinal vessels, and choroid did not differ significantly from preoperative values. Intraoperative blood flow of the optic nerve head and retinal vessels decreased significantly from baseline with increasing infusion pressure from 20 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg (
P
< .01), and choroidal blood flow decreased significantly when the infusion pressure increased from 8 mm Hg to 20 mm Hg and from 20 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg (both
P
< .01).

CONCLUSION:
Blood flow did not differ significantly postoperatively versus preoperatively, but it was significantly reduced during vitrectomy with increasing infusion pressure. Careful attention should be paid to infusion pressure during vitrectomy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:118–124.]
Satellite-Based Management Tool for Oak Savanna Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Wolter Peter T. , Berkley Elizabeth A. , Peckham Scott D. , Singh Aditya 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe structure and function of oak Quercus spp. savanna ecosystems in the North American Midwest were originally maintained by an active disturbance regime (often fire). Subsequent reductions in the frequency of disturbance after European settlement have facilitated rapid, regional conversion of these ecosystems to more closed-canopy forest. Hence, regional-scale management strategies are now needed to restore critical spatial gradients of light, temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic matter for recovery and sustenance of the unique mosaic of understory grass and forb species assemblages that define oak savannas. Tree species composition, distribution, mortality, basal area, and canopy cover are important forest structural parameters that are intrinsically linked to oak savanna restoration ecology. In this benchmark study, we seek to determine whether Landsat-based monitoring protocols can be developed as a tool to guide and monitor regional-scale restoration and management efforts. Using the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge in central Minnesota as a test case, ground-based forest-structure data were collected and used with multitemporal Landsat sensor data and iterative exclusion partial least-squares regression to calibrate six predictive overstory structure models. Model calibrations produced moderate- to high-accuracy results with respective adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean-squared error values as follows: 0.859, 9.3% (canopy cover); 0.855, 2.95 m2 ha−1 (total basal area); 0.741, 11.6% (red oaks relative basal area); 0.781, 11.9% (bur oak relative basal area); 0.861, 3.20 m2 ha−1 (living oak basal area); and 0.833, 9.1% (dead oak relative basal area). We used the resulting structure models for the Sherburne test site to demonstrate how these data could be applied to help managers prioritize areas within management zones for restorative treatments. Although our Sherburne oak savanna test ecosystem is small (12,424 ha) compared with the size of a full Landsat scene (3.4 million ha), resulting structure models can be extended to the whole Landsat scene, which demonstrates how such modeling protocols can be used for repeated (e.g., annual to decadal), regional-scale analysis and assessment to improve management, planning, and implementation of oak savanna restoration efforts elsewhere.
Predicting Occupancy for Pygmy Rabbits in Wyoming: An Independent Evaluation of Two Species Distribution Models
Authors: Germaine Steve , Ignizio Drew , Keinath Doug , Copeland Holly 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Species distribution models are an important component of natural-resource conservation planning efforts. Independent, external evaluation of their accuracy is important before they are used in management contexts. We evaluated the classification accuracy of two species distribution models designed to predict the distribution of pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis habitat in southwestern Wyoming, USA. The Nature Conservancy model was deductive and based on published information and expert opinion, whereas the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model was statistically derived using historical observation data. We randomly selected 187 evaluation survey points throughout southwestern Wyoming in areas predicted to be habitat and areas predicted to be nonhabitat for each model. The Nature Conservancy model correctly classified 39 of 77 (50.6%) unoccupied evaluation plots and 65 of 88 (73.9%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 63.3%. The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model correctly classified 53 of 95 (55.8%) unoccupied plots and 59 of 88 (67.0%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 61.2%. Based on 95% asymptotic confidence intervals, classification success of the two models did not differ. The models jointly classified 10.8% of the area as habitat and 47.4% of the area as nonhabitat, but were discordant in classifying the remaining 41.9% of the area. To evaluate how anthropogenic development affected model predictive success, we surveyed 120 additional plots among three density levels of gas-field road networks. Classification success declined sharply for both models as road-density level increased beyond 5 km of roads per km-squared area. Both models were more effective at predicting habitat than nonhabitat in relatively undeveloped areas, and neither was effective at accounting for the effects of gas-energy-development road networks. Resource managers who wish to know the amount of pygmy rabbit habitat present in an area or wanting to direct gas-drilling efforts away from pygmy rabbit habitat may want to consider both models in an ensemble manner, where more confidence is placed in mapped areas (i.e., pixels) for which both models agree than for areas where there is model disagreement.
SARS-Coronavirus Open Reading Frame-9b Suppresses Innate Immunity by Targeting Mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 Signalosome
Authors: Shi Chong-Shan , Qi Hai-Yan , Boularan Cedric , Huang Ning-Na , Abu-Asab Mones , Shelhamer James H. , Kehrl John H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoV) have recently emerged as potentially serious pathogens that can cause significant human morbidity and death. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV was identified as the etiologic agent of the 2002–2003 international SARS outbreak. Yet, how SARS evades innate immune responses to cause human disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that a protein encoded by SARS-CoV designated as open reading frame-9b (ORF-9b) localizes to mitochondria and causes mitochondrial elongation by triggering ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of dynamin-like protein 1, a host protein involved in mitochondrial fission. Also, acting on mitochondria, ORF-9b targets the mitochondrial-associated adaptor molecule MAVS signalosome by usurping PCBP2 and the HECT domain E3 ligase AIP4 to trigger the degradation of MAVS, TRAF3, and TRAF 6. This severely limits host cell IFN responses. Reducing either PCBP2 or AIP4 expression substantially reversed the ORF-9b–mediated reduction of MAVS and the suppression of antiviral transcriptional responses. Finally, transient ORF-9b expression led to a strong induction of autophagy in cells. The induction of autophagy depended upon ATG5, a critical autophagy regulator, but the inhibition of MAVS signaling did not. These results indicate that SARS-CoV ORF-9b manipulates host cell mitochondria and mitochondrial function to help evade host innate immunity. This study has uncovered an important clue to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV infection and illustrates the havoc that a small ORF can cause in cells.
Single-Cell Analysis of Innate Cytokine Responses to Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation in Children across Four Continents
Authors: Smolen Kinga K. , Cai Bing , Gelinas Laura , Fortuno Edgardo S. , Larsen Martin , Speert David P. , Chamekh Mustapha , Cooper Philip J. , Esser Monika , Marchant Arnaud , Kollmann Tobias R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Innate immunity instructs adaptive immunity, and suppression of innate immunity is associated with an increased risk for infection. We showed previously that whole-blood cellular components from a cohort of South African children secreted significantly lower levels of most cytokines following stimulation of pattern recognition receptors compared with whole blood from cohorts of Ecuadorian, Belgian, or Canadian children. To begin dissecting the responsible molecular mechanisms, we set out to identify the relevant cellular source of these differences. Across the four cohorts represented in our study, we identified significant variation in the cellular composition of whole blood; however, a significant reduction in the intracellular cytokine production on the single-cell level was only detected in South African children’s monocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. We also uncovered a marked reduction in polyfunctionality for each of these cellular compartments in South African children compared with children from the other continents. Together, our data identify differences in cell composition, as well as profoundly lower functional responses of innate cells, in our cohort of South African children. A possible link between altered innate immunity and increased risk for infection or lower response to vaccines in South African infants needs to be explored.
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (Evans tumour) of the arm
Authors: Indap Shalaka , Dasgupta Manjiri , Chakrabarti Nilay , Agarwal Abhishek 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumour that has a tendency to develop in the deep soft tissue of young adults with potential for local recurrence or distant metastasis. We describe a 40-year-old female patient with a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the shoulder that had been excised twice in the past and then had recurred after a few months. A wide resection of this tumour with flap reconstruction was performed followed by radiation to the area. The patient had no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis at 2 years after surgery.
Nanorobot: A Revolutionary Tool in Dentistry for Next Generation
Authors: Singh Nisha , Jain Ankita , Gupta Devanand , Dalai Deepak Ranjan , Bhaskar DJ , Jain Avikal , Singh Harendra , Kadtane Safalya 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10–9meters). These nanorobots allow precision interactions with nanoscale objects or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Treatment opportunities in dentistry may include local anesthesia, dentition renaturalization, and permanent hypersensitivity cure, complete orthodontic realignments during single office visit, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. Dental nanorobots could be constructed to destroy cariescausing bacteria or to repair tooth blemishes where decay has set in, by using a computer to direct these tiny workers in their tasks. Recent advances in the field of nanorobots prove that nanodentistry has strong potential to revolutionarize dentistry to diagnose and treat diseases. Although research into nanorobots is still in its primary stage, the promise of such technology for its use in future generation is endless!How to cite this articleDalai DR, Gupta D, Bhaskar DJ, Singh N, Jain A, Jain A, Singh H, Kadtane S. Nanorobot: A Revolutionary Tool in Dentistry for Next Generation. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):106-112.
COMBINED DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF FILLER NETWORK PERCOLATION BEHAVIOR, FILLER–FILLER CONTACT, AND FILLER–POLYMER INTERACTION ON CARBON BLACK–FILLED HYDROGENATED ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER
Authors: Sun Chong , Zhang Ping , Wrana Claus , Schuster Robert , Zhao Shugao 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe filler network percolation behavior, filler–filler contact, and filler–polymer interaction of carbon black (CB)–filled hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber were investigated with the combination of dielectric and mechanical properties, by means of changing CB concentration, CB-specific surface area, cycling deformation for vulcanizates, and rotation speed of rotors in the internal mixer during the mixing process. A dielectric relaxation spectrometer was used to determine the percolation threshold of the CB network, which was made up of filler–filler contact, combined with the percolation theory. Dynamic mechanical analysis and a universal testing machine were employed to observe the filler–filler contact and filler–polymer interaction. The filler–filler bonds were determined by analysis of the Arrhenius plot on the basis of temperature sweep. The filler–polymer interaction and filler–filler contact were determined by hysteresis loss dependence and analysis of the reinforcement factor on the basis of strain sweep and quasi-static stress–strain behavior. The model of variable network density proposed by Maier and Goritz was applied to explain the contribution of stable and unstable bonds, which constituted the filler–polymer interaction, to storage modulus. The results showed that the percolation threshold of the filler network increased with an increase in rotation speed and a decrease in CB-specific surface area, which indicated that the filler–filler contact was affected by increasing rotation speed to some degree. Cycling deformation did not obviously affect the percolation threshold. This means that the filler–filler contact was not obviously affected by cycling deformation. However, the filler–polymer interaction was weakened by this procedure, according to careful investigation for the variation of some mechanical properties. We found new interesting correlations between the macroscopic mechanical properties and CB concentration. The molecular nature of these findings was discussed, combined with the overlap model and traditional molecular slip theory.
POLITICS IN NURSING: AN ESSENTIAL LEARNING FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Bérubé Andrée-Anne , Frenette Audrey , Dallaire Clémence , Bernardino Elizabeth , Blanchet Julie , Pomerleau Sophie 
Published: August 2014

No Canadá, como em outros lugares, enfermeiros devem enfrentar muitos desafios caso queiram participar como umgrupo que influencia em organizações de cuidados em saúde. Contudo, existem alguns facilitadores, entre eles estão a habilidade deanalisar o contexto, assuntos e percurso correto de ações sob a perspectiva política. Este artigo compartilha o resultado de aprendizado de estudantes de pós-graduação durante um seminário em politicas relacionadas aos serviços de administração de enfermagem na Universidade Laval, Quebec, Canadá. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o aprendizado alcançado sobre temas e assuntos discutidos e introduzir ferramentas para análise política, úteis para descrever a atual posição de enfermagem no sistema de saúde. No final do seminário, o aprendizado permitiu aos estudantes compreender diferentes elementos que devem ser considerados para avaliar a atual situação no que diz respeito a assuntos importantes para a profissão, e considerar percursos de ação para influenciar seu desenvolvimento.
Morte repentina de genitores e luto infantil: uma revisão da literatura em periódicos científicos brasileiros
Authors: Anton Márcia Camaratta , Favero Eveline 
Published: August 2014

Este artigo buscou revisar a literatura sobre luto infantil decorrente de morte repentina de genitores, publicada em periódicos científicos brasileiros, nos últimos quinze anos. Foram abordadas as consequências emocionais deste evento para na vida da criança e as diferentes abordagens psicoterápicas utilizadas. A busca nas bases de dados Index Psi, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, SciELO, Bireme e BVS-Psi resultou em 11 publicações em revistas brasileiras, sendo duas de autoria estrangeira. A análise dos artigos mostrou a relevância da comunicação aberta com a criança e a criação de um espaço de escuta e expressão dos sentimentos. Os resultados apontaram a relevância do atendimento psicoterapêutico à criança e aos seus cuidadores a fim de auxiliar a ambos no processo de elaboração da perda. Palavras-chave: luto; criança; morte repentina.