bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of global land surface albedo climatology and spatial‐temporal variation during 1981–2010 from multiple satellite products
Authors: He Tao , Liang Shunlin , Song Dan‐Xia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor several decades, long‐term time series data sets of multiple global land surface albedo products have been generated from satellite observations. These data sets have been used as one of the key variables in climate change studies. This study aims to assess the surface albedo climatology and to analyze long‐term albedo changes, from nine satellite‐based data sets for the period 1981–2010, on a global basis. Results show that climatological surface albedo data sets derived from satellite observations can be used to validate, calibrate, and further improve surface albedo simulations and parameterizations in current climate models. However, the albedo products derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project and the Global Energy and Water Exchanges Project have large seasonal biases. At latitudes higher than 50°, the maximal difference in winter zonal albedo ranges from 0.1 to 0.4 among the nine satellite data sets. Satellite‐based albedo data sets agree relatively well during the summer at high latitudes, with a standard deviation of 0.04 for the 70°–80° zone in both hemispheres. The fine‐resolution (0.05°) data sets agree well with each other for all the land cover types in middle to low latitudes; however, large spread was identified for their albedos at middle to high latitudes over land covers with mixed snow and sparse vegetation. By analyzing the time series of satellite‐based albedo products over the past three decades, albedo of the Northern Hemisphere was found to be decreasing in July, likely due to the shrinking snow cover. Meanwhile, albedo in January was found to be increasing, likely because of the expansion of snow cover in northern winter. However, to improve the albedo estimation at high latitudes, and ultimately the climate models used for long‐term climate change studies, a still better understanding of differences between satellite‐based albedo data sets is required.
Multiple characteristic model‐based golden‐section adaptive control: Stability and optimization
Authors: Huang Huang 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe characteristic model‐based golden‐section adaptive control (CM‐GSAC) law has been developed for over 20 years in China with a broad range of applications in various fields. However, quite a few theoretical problems remain open despite its satisfying performance in practice. This paper revisits the stability of the CM‐GSAC from its very beginning and explores the underlying implications of the so‐called golden‐section parameter l2≈0.618. The closed‐loop system, which consists of the CM and the GSAC, is a discrete time‐varying system, and its stability is discussed from three perspectives. First, attentions have been paid to select the optimal controller coefficients such that the closed‐loop system exhibits the best transient performance in the worst case. Second, efforts are made to improve the robustness in the presence of parameter estimation errors, which provide another choice when designing the adaptive controller. Finally, by measuring the slowly time‐varying nature in an explicit inequality form, a bridge is built between the instantaneous stability and the time‐varying stability. In order to relax the constraints on the parameter bounds of the CM, the GSAC is further extended to multiple CMs, which shows more satisfying tracking performance than that of the traditional multiple model adaptive control method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast Photoswitching in a Copper‐Nitroxide‐Based Molecular Magnet
Authors: Kaszub Wawrzyniec , Marino Andrea , Lorenc Maciej , Collet Eric , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Ovcharenko Victor I. , Fedin Matvey V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMolecular compounds with photoswitchable magnetic properties have been intensively investigated over the last decades due to their prospective applications in nanoelectronics, sensing and magnetic data storage. The family of copper‐nitroxide‐based molecular magnets represents a new promising type of photoswitchable compounds. We report the first study of these appealing systems using femtosecond optical spectroscopy. We unveil the mechanism of ultrafast (<50 fs) spin state photoswitching and establish its principal differences compared to other photoswitchable magnets. On this basis, we propose potential advantages of copper‐nitroxide‐based molecular magnets for the future design of ultrafast magnetic materials.
Coupling of Sterically Hindered Trisubstituted Olefins and Benzocyclobutenones by CC Activation: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Cycloinumakiol
Authors: Xu Tao , Dong Guangbin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe first total syntheses of the proposed structure of cycloinumakiol (1) and its C5 epimer (18) are achieved in a concise and efficient fashion. Starting from the known 3‐hydroxybenzocyclobutenone, 1 and 18 are obtained in nine and five steps with overall yields of 15 % and 33 %, respectively. The key for the success of this approach is the use of a catalytic CC activation strategy for constructing the tetracyclic core of 1 through carboacylation of a sterically hindered trisubstituted olefin with benzocyclobutenone. In addition, the structure of the natural cycloinumakiol was reassigned to 19‐hydroxytotarol (7) through X‐ray diffraction analysis. This work demonstrates the potential of CC activation for streamlining complex natural product synthesis.
Structural Basis for the Identification of an i‐Motif Tetraplex Core with a Parallel‐Duplex Junction as a Structural Motif in CCG Triplet Repeats
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wen , Jhan Cyong‐Ru , Neidle Stephen , Hou Ming‐Hon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCCG triplet repeats can fold into tetraplex structures, which are associated with the expansion of (CCG)n trinucleotide sequences in certain neurological diseases. These structures are stabilized by intertwining i‐motifs. However, the structural basis for tetraplex i‐motif formation in CCG triplet repeats remains largely unknown. We report the first crystal structure of a CCG‐repeat sequence, which shows that two dT(CCG)3A strands can associate to form a tetraplex structure with an i‐motif core containing four C:C+ pairs flanked by two G:G homopurine base pairs as a structural motif. The tetraplex core is attached to a short parallel‐stranded duplex. Each hairpin itself contains a central CCG loop in which the nucleotides are flipped out and stabilized by stacking interactions. The helical twists between adjacent cytosine residues of this structure in the i‐motif core have an average value of 30°, which is greater than those previously reported for i‐motif structures.
A Cytoprotective and Degradable Metal–Polyphenol Nanoshell for Single‐Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Park Ji Hun , Kim Kyunghwan , Lee Juno , Choi Ji Yu , Hong Daewha , Yang Sung Ho , Caruso Frank , Lee Younghoon , Choi Insung S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSingle‐cell encapsulation promises the cytoprotection of the encased cells against lethal stressors, reminiscent of the sporulation process in nature. However, the development of a cytocompatible method for chemically mimicking the germination process (i.e., shell degradation on‐demand) has been elusive, despite the shell degradation being pivotal for the practical use of functional cells as well as for single cell‐based biology. We report that an artificial shell, composed of tannic acid (TA) and FeIII, on individual Saccharomyces cerevisiae controllably degrades on‐demand, while protecting the yeast from multiple external aggressors, including UV‐C irradiation, lytic enzymes, and silver nanoparticles. Cell division is suppressed by the TA–FeIII shell, but restored fully upon shell degradation. The formation of a TA–FeIII shell would provide a versatile tool for achieving the chemical version of “sporulation and germination”.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Annulations of 4,4‐Dicyano‐2‐Methylenebut‐3‐enoates with Maleimides and Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Nan , Chen Gen‐Qiang , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel phosphine‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of maleimides with 4,4‐dicyano‐2‐methylenebut‐3‐enoates has been developed to afford spirocyclic products, and the maleimides serves as C1 synthons. Moreover, a phosphine‐catalyzed formal [3+2] annulation between 4,4‐dicyano‐2‐methylenebut‐3‐enoates and maleic anhydride has been also achieved, and maleic anhydride behaved as a C3 synthon in the reaction, thus efficiently affording the functionalized cyclopentenones. A stable phosphinium‐containing zwitterionic compound is the key reactive intermediate in both annulations and was successfully isolated. Plausible mechanisms have been proposed on the basis of control experiments and deuterium‐labeling experiments.
Age patterns of Kaposi's sarcoma incidence in a cohort of HIV‐infected men
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Amirian E. Susan , Chiao Elizabeth Y. , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe life expectancy for HIV‐positive individuals has improved over time due to increasing access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Yet, as the HIV‐positive population ages, their risk of developing cancers also increases. Studies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among elderly HIV‐infected persons are quite limited. We examined the age patterns of KS incidence and an association between age and KS risk in a US cohort of 3458 HIV‐infected men, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Poisson distribution was used to calculate incidence rates and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between age and KS risk. There were 534 incident KS cases with a total follow‐up time of 25,134 person‐years. The overall KS incidence rate was 2.13 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 1.95–2.32) (Non‐HAART users‐ever: 5.57 per 100 person‐years [95% CI: 5.09–6.10]; HAART users‐ever: 0.39 per 100 person‐years [95% CI: 0.31–0.51]). Overall, KS frequency and incidence declined with age, even in the oldest age group (ptrend < 0.0001). However, among non‐HAART users‐ever, the oldest age group had the highest incidence rate ratio compared to younger individuals [15.01, 95% CI: 6.12–44.22]). While the incidence of KS decreased with age, older HIV‐infected persons who do not receive HAART are still at increased risk of KS. As KS remains an important malignancy among HIV‐infected persons, earlier HIV diagnoses and HAART initiation, particularly in older HIV‐infected persons is warranted.
Synergy in the Catalytic Activity of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and New Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Fine Chemicals
Authors: Notar Francesco Irene , Fontaine‐Vive Fabien , Antoniotti Sylvain 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMetal nanoparticles receive tremendous interest as alternative catalysts in a quest to fill the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with selective and sophisticated reactions that occur in highly recyclable and scalable processes. In this area of research that is growing rapidly, we would like to focus on bimetallic nanoparticles and on how these particular materials have been used recently as nanocatalysts in fine‐chemicals synthesis and transformations. The synergistic effects observed with these nanocatalysts, either as nanoalloys or core–shell objects, that accounts for their superior activity and efficiency are discussed.
syn‐1,2‐Carboboration of Alkynes with Borenium Cations
Authors: Cade Ian A. , Ingleson Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe reaction of 8‐(trimethylsiloxy)quinoline (QOTMS) with BCl3 and (aryl)BCl2 forms QOBCl2 and QOBCl(aryl). The subsequent addition of stoichiometric AlCl3 follows one of two paths, dependent on the steric demands of the QO ligand and the electrophilicity of the resulting borenium cation. The phenyl‐ and 5‐hexylthienylborenium cations, QOBPh+ and QOBTh+, are formed, whereas QOBCl+ is not. Instead, AlCl3 preferentially binds with QOBCl2 at oxygen, forming QOBCl2⋅AlCl3, rather than abstracting chloride. A modest increase in the steric demands around oxygen, by installing a methyl group at the 7‐position of the quinolato ligand, switches the reactivity with AlCl3 back to chloride abstraction, allowing formation of QOBCl+. All the prepared borenium cations are highly chlorophilic and exhibit significant interaction with AlCl4− resulting in an equilibrium concentration of Lewis acidic “AlCl3” species. The presence of “AlCl3” species limits the alkyne substrates compatible with these borenium systems, with reaction of [QOBPh][AlCl4] with 1‐pentyne exclusively yielding the cyclotrimerised product, 1,3,5‐tripropylbenzene. In contrast, QOBPh+ and QOBTh+ systems effect the syn‐1,2‐carboboration of 3‐hexyne. DFT calculations at the M06‐2X/6‐311G(d,p)/PCM(DCM) level confirm that the higher migratory aptitude of Ph versus Me leads to a lower barrier to 1,2‐carboboration relative to 1,1‐carboboration.
Stoichiometrically Controlled Revocable Self‐Assembled “Spiro” versus Quadruple‐Stranded “Double‐Decker” Type Coordination Cages
Authors: Bandi Sreenivasulu , Pal Amlan K. , Hanan Garry S. , Chand Dillip Kumar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe simple combination of PdII with the tris‐monodentate ligand bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl) pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate, L, at ratios of 1:2 and 3:4 demonstrated the stoichiometrically controlled exclusive formation of the “spiro‐type” Pd1L2 macrocycle, 1, and the quadruple‐stranded Pd3L4 cage, 2, respectively. The architecture of 2 is elaborated with two compartments that can accommodate two units of fluoride, chloride, or bromide ions, one in each of the enclosures. However, the entry of iodide is altogether restricted. Complexes 1 and 2 are interconvertible under suitable conditions.
How Different Characterization Techniques Elucidate the Nature of the Gold Species in a Polycrystalline Au/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Großmann Dennis , Noei Heshmat , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Sinev Ilya , De Toni Andrea , Wang Yuemin , Muhler Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTiO2‐supported gold species were prepared via the deposition‐precipitation route, with conservation of the initial speciation by freeze‐drying. The structural and electronic properties of the Au species were investigated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO in four states. Exclusively AuIII was deposited on the TiO2 surface in patches ranging from isolated Au ions to three‐dimensional clusters. This paper illustrates in detail the unique contributions of all characterization techniques to this structural model.
5‐(1H‐Tetrazolyl)‐2‐Hydroxy‐Tetrazole: A Selective 2N‐Monoxidation of Bis(1H‐Tetrazole)
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Kurz Matthias Q. , Scharf Regina , Schmid Philipp C. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSodium 5‐cyanotetrazolate sesquihydrate (1) is prepared from sodium azide and two equivalents of sodium cyanide under acidic conditions. 1 is then N‐oxidized with Oxone to sodium 5‐cyanotetrazolate monohydrate (2). Compound 2 is treated with sodium azide and a Lewis acid to form 5‐(1H‐tetrazolyl)‐2‐hydroxytetrazole monohydrate (3). Compound 3 can be deprotonated twice by various bases to give ionic derivatives such as the bis(hydroxylammonium) (4), bis(hydrazinium) (6), bis(guanidinium) (7), bis(aminoguanidinium) (8), bis(ammonium) (9), and diaminouronium (11) salt. In addition, compound 3 can only be deprotonated once, as demonstrated by the hydroxylammonium (4) and triaminoguanidinium (10) salts. Compounds 2–5 and 10–11 are structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, compounds 2–11 are characterized by using NMR and vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Their thermal behaviors are studied from differential thermal analysis measurements, and the sensitivities of the compounds toward shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge are determined. In addition, the heats of formation are calculated (atomization method, CBS‐4M enthalpies), and several detonation/propulsion parameters are computed with the EXPLO5 code.
Development and Potential Theranostic Applications of a Self‐Assembled Hybrid of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters with Polysaccharide Nanogels
Authors: Katagiri Kiyofumi , Ohta Keiko , Sako Kaori , Inumaru Kei , Hayashi Koichiro , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new organic–inorganic hybrid was generated by self‐assembly of nanosized polymer hydrogels (nanogels) and Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs) for potential biomedical applications. By using the tetrahydrofuran (THF) injection method, hydrophobized Fe3O4NPs were complexed through hydrophobic interactions with amphiphilic polysaccharide nanogels. The obtained hybrid showed high colloidal stability and dispersibility in aqueous media. The number of Fe3O4NP aggregates was controlled by changing the concentration of the Fe3O4NPs in THF. The hybrid displayed greater enhancement than existing contrast media inT2magnetic resonance imaging because of the optimal agglomeration of Fe3O4NPs following their complexation with nanogels. Furthermore, the hybrid generated heat in response to alternating magnetic‐field irradiation. The increase in temperature was controlled by adjusting the concentration of the hybrid and the amplitude of the magnetic field, which indicates that the hybrid is also suitable for magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
Circulating SFRP5 levels are elevated in drug‐naïve recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients as compared with prediabetic subjects and controls
Authors: Canivell Silvia , Rebuffat Sandra , G. Ruano Elena , Kostov Belchin , Sisó‐Almirall Antoni , Novials Anna , Ceriello Antonio , Gomis Ramon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundSecreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (SFRP5) has been linked to obesity. Results are conflicting regarding its association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. We aimed to investigate circulating SFRP5 in prediabetes and T2D and its potential association with parameters of insulin resistance and beta‐cell function.MethodsWe studied 70 drug‐naïve T2D patients, 70 prediabetic subjects and 70 controls. All subjects were body mass index matched to the T2D patients and overweight or obese. SFRP5, hormones and cytokines levels were measured by ELISA.ResultsSerum SFRP5 levels were elevated in T2D patients as compared with prediabetic subjects (median 15.6, interquartile range [9–24.5] ng/mL vs 9.8 [5–14.2] ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively) and controls (15.6 [9–24.5] ng/mL vs 10.4 [6.7‐16.6] ng/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). No differences were found in serum SFRP5 levels between prediabetic subjects and controls (9.8 [5–14.2] ng/mL vs 10.4 [6.7–16.6] ng/mL, p = 0.472, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounders (age, gender, body mass index, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure), T2D was still associated with higher values of SFRP5 as compared with prediabetes in multinomial logistic regression analysis (fully adjusted odds ratio 3.50, 95% confidence interval 1.40–8.79, p = 0.008). The association was more subtle when comparing T2D with normal glucose tolerance state (fully adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 0.91–5.21, p = 0.078).ConclusionsCirculating SFRP5 levels were independently associated with T2D as compared with prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance state. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjunctive graded body image exposure for eating disorders: A randomized controlled initial trial in clinical practice
Authors: Trottier Kathryn , Carter Jacqueline C. , MacDonald Danielle E. , McFarlane Traci , Olmsted Marion P. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveGraded body image exposure is a key component of CBT for eating disorders (EDs). However, despite being a highly anxiety‐provoking intervention, its specific effectiveness is unknown. The aims of this initial study were to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of individualized graded body image exposure to a range of feared/avoided body image‐related situations in a sample of partially remitted ED patients.MethodForty‐five female adult participants were randomly assigned to maintenance treatment as usual (MTAU) only or MTAU plus five sessions of graded body image exposure.ResultsThe graded body image exposure intervention led to large improvements in body avoidance as measured by two different methods. In addition, there was evidence of a significant impact of body image exposure on the overvaluation of shape, but not weight, 5 months after treatment.DiscussionTaken together, the current results provide evidence of the feasibility of adjunctive individualized graded body image exposure within a clinical treatment program and suggest that graded body image exposure reduces body avoidance behaviors in partially remitted ED patients. Our findings suggest that individualized graded body image exposure shows promise as an intervention targeting the overvaluation of shape in EDs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:494–504)
The (lack of) effect of alprazolam on eating behavior in anorexia nervosa: A preliminary report
Authors: Steinglass Joanna E. , Kaplan Simona C. , Liu Ying , Wang Yuanjia , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnxiety is a prominent symptom in anorexia nervosa (AN), and higher pre‐meal anxiety has been associated with lower caloric intake. Yet, the causal relationship has not been assessed. We proposed that reducing anxiety with a short acting benzodiazepine would increase caloric intake among individuals with AN.MethodIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled cross‐over study, we administered alprazolam 0.75 mg to inpatients with AN (n = 17) and assessed caloric intake in a laboratory test meal. Within‐subject differences in caloric intake, anxiety, and fatigue were compared between alprazolam and placebo days.ResultsCaloric intake did not differ on alprazolam versus placebo (t15 = 1.72, p = .11). Alprazolam did not reduce anxiety, but was associated with increased fatigue.DiscussionThis study was not able to evaluate the causal role of anxiety in meal intake among individuals with AN, as alprazolam did not alter anxiety symptoms. These data further suggest that the therapeutic role for short‐acting benzodiazepines in AN is likely limited. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:901–904)
Synthesis, Characterisation and Antiproliferative Studies of Allyl(dicarbonyl)(cyclopentadienyl)molybdenum Complexes and Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds
Authors: Braga Susana S. , Mokal Vijaya , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Pillinger Martyn , Branco Ana F. , Sardão Vilma A. , Diogo Cátia V. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Marques Maria P. M. , Romão Carlos C. , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe complexes [(η5‐C5H4–CO–R)Mo(CO)2(η3‐C3H5)] [R = OH (1), Phe–OMe (2)] have been examined as guests for the cyclodextrin (CD) hosts β‐CD and heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD (TRIMEB), and the resultant inclusion compounds have been characterised in the solid state by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, powder X‐ray diffraction, 13C{1H} cross‐polarisation (CP) magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 1 shows that the unit cell contains centrosymmetric supramolecular dimers comprising two dicarbonyl complexes linked through hydrogen‐bonding interactions involving the carboxylic acid groups. In screening tests for antiproliferative effects, the CD adducts containing 1 displayed enhanced antitumour activity against mouse melanoma (when compared with nonincluded 1), while showing minimal activity towards human adenocarcinoma and nontumour rat myoblast cell lines. TRIMEB encapsulation resulted in a predominant toxic effect on tumour cells versus the non‐neoplastic myoblast cells.