bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute-on-chronic inflammation in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Matter Michael A. , Tschaikowsky Tristan , Stähli Barbara E. , Matter Christian M. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is heralded by chronic inflammation and entails an excessive burst of acute-on-chronic inflammation (AoCI). This review describes the evolution from understanding atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease, to recent efforts in optimizing anti-inflammatory therapy to patients with AMI. It highlights the challenges and opportunities in selecting the optimal patient with AMI to derive maximal benefit from early anti-inflammatory therapy.

Recent findings
The causal role of inflammation in atherosclerosis has been proven in large outcome trials. Since then, several smaller trials have sought to translate the concept of anti-inflammatory therapy targeting residual inflammatory risk to the dynamic early phase of AoCI after AMI. Current evidence highlights the importance of selecting patients with a high inflammatory burden. Surrogate criteria for large AMI (e.g., angiographic or electrocardiographic), as well as novel point-of-care biomarker testing may aid in selecting patients with particularly elevated AoCI. Additionally, patients presenting with AMI complicated by pro-inflammatory sequelae (e.g., atrial fibrillation, acute heart failure, left ventricular thrombosis) may dually profit from anti-inflammatory therapy.

Summary
Improved understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of acute and chronic inflammatory processes after AMI may aid the strive to optimize early anti-inflammatory therapy to patients with AMI.
Primary aldosteronism prevalence enhanced by strict adherence to 2016 Endocrine Society guidelines: insights from an endocrine hypertension unit
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Jorge Gabriel , Fernandez Sanchez Álvaro , Cardenas-Salas Jersy , Fernandez-Cagigao Yvonne , Alegre Bellassai Emma Raquel , Rossello María Gabriela , Fernandez-Fernandez Beatriz , Jimenez Moreno Beatriz , Paniagua Amalia , Vazquez Clotilde , Meneses Diego 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Primary aldosteronism is the most frequent cause of hypertension although is undetected. The 2016 Endocrine Society guidelines (2016-ESG) recommendations for primary aldosteronism detection are unfulfilled. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of primary aldosteronism, following the screening criteria endorsed by the 2016-ESG.

Methods:
All adult patients tested for primary aldosteronism at an endocrine hypertension unit of a tertiary hospital during 2021–2023 were studied. Primary aldosteronism investigation was performed when at least one reason for its screening based on 2016-ESG was detected. When screening was positive, confirmatory tests were executed. Rates and diagnostic accuracy of the reasons for primary aldosteronism screening were analyzed.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-five patients were included. Mean age was 55 ± 14 years, 124 of 265 (46.8%) were women, 24.6% had hypokalemia, and 16% adrenal incidentaloma(s) as indication for screening. Primary aldosteronism was diagnosed in 122 of 265 (46%). The presence of each reason for primary aldosteronism screening increased the probability of primary aldosteronism in 2.2-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63 to 2.97; P < 0.001]. The most frequent reason for primary aldosteronism screening was a blood pressure at least 150/100 mmHg on three measurements on different days, and had a sensitivity of 95%. Hypertension with spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia was the most specific reason (87.5%) but was not frequent. Adrenal incidentaloma(s) was not associated with primary aldosteronism diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Primary aldosteronism prevalence is markedly high when the 2016-ESG recommendations are rigorously implemented. The greater the number of indications for primary aldosteronism investigation, the higher its prevalence. Further studies are needed to corroborate this observed primary aldosteronism prevalence.
Emotional Eating in Primary Care: Considerations for Assessment and Management
Authors: Wozniak Jana DeSimone , Huang Hsiang 
Published: August 2024

Learning Objectives
After participating in this CME activity, the psychiatrist should be better able to:
• Describe how to identify and address emotional eating in the primary care setting.

Abstract
Emotional eating (i.e., eating in response to negative emotional states and stress) is a highly prevalent concern within primary care settings. It is associated with myriad health issues such as the experience of overweight or obesity, increased difficulty losing weight and sustaining weight loss, various eating disorders, diabetes, and heart disease. Given the effects of emotional eating on patient health goals regarding weight loss or management, it is imperative to incorporate interventions that address emotional underpinnings alongside traditional, behaviorally based weight-loss treatment. Ensuring that primary care providers, who represent pivotal frontline touch points for patients interested in weight-related treatment, can identify emotional eating is an important first step in supporting these patients’ goals. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide background information and practical guidance for addressing emotional eating in the primary care setting. We summarize theorized biological and psychological mechanisms that underlie emotional eating, and review traditional (i.e., psychological) interventions, with special consideration for adapting available treatments for use in primary care contexts.
Teleworking for Medical Reasons
Authors: Reinoso-Barbero Luis , Gieco Antonella , López-Ríos Adriana , Rodríguez-Díaz Jose Luis , Gómez-Paredes Laura , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Juan , Pérez-Herreras Cristina , Gómez-Gallego Félix 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The aim of the study is to describe the most common medical grounds for requesting or extending teleworking and to examine which requests are typically approved. This study also investigates whether there is a correlation with gender, age, or job location.

Methods
A prevalence study of 33,190 Spanish employees found that, last year, 106 teleworking requests were addressed exclusively for medical reasons.

Results
The most frequent cause was musculoskeletal issues (30%). Of all the requests, 58% were denied; 33% were temporarily approved, primarily for musculoskeletal reasons (P < 0.05); and 8% were indefinitely approved. Requests were predominantly made by women (P < 0.05). Indefinite approvals were more prevalent among male employees (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Musculoskeletal reasons were the primary cause for teleworking applications and for the temporary granting of teleworking. Teleworking appears to be associated with gender and job location.
Evaluation of Long-Term Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes after Pediatric Facial Reanimation
Authors: Zuo Kevin J. , Heinelt Martina , Ho Emily S. , Borschel Gregory H. , Zuker Ronald M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Outcomes of pediatric facial reanimation beyond 10 years are not known. This cross-sectional study evaluated long-term surgical and patient-reported outcomes of adults who underwent smile reconstruction as children with either a cross-face nerve graft (CFNG) or masseter nerve transfer at least 10 years previously.

Methods:
Commissure excursion was quantified with FACE-Gram software at 3 time points: preoperatively, early postoperatively within 2 years, and at long-term follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated with validated questionnaires (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale, FACE-Q 1.0) and thematic analysis of semistructured interviews. Results are reported as median (interquartile range [IQR]).

Results:
A total of 42 patients were included (26 women and 16 men). Median long-term follow-up was 19.3 years (IQR, 8.8 years) for CFNG and 17.6 years (IQR, 5.8 years) for masseter nerve transfer. For both groups, commissure excursion increased significantly from preoperative to early postoperative time points and remained stable at long-term follow-up (P < 0.0001). Commissure excursion at long-term follow-up between the 2 groups was not significantly different (CFNG, 5.0 mm [IQR, 9.4 mm]; masseter nerve transfer, 8.4 mm [IQR, 4.1 mm]); P > 0.05). For patient-reported outcomes, median Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale score was 72 of 100, and 95% of respondents agreed with the statement “I am pleased with the result” on the FACE-Q 1.0. Overall quality of life was rated at 7 of 10 or greater by 97% of participants, and all participants would recommend the surgery to other children.

Conclusions:
Pediatric facial reanimation with CFNG or masseter nerve transfer reliably improves commissure excursion with longevity beyond 10 years. Adult patients report overall high satisfaction and social functioning.
The Value of PSMA-RADS Version 2.0 in the Assessment of Pulmonary Metastases in Patients With Prostate Cancer and the Improvement of Differential Diagnosis Efficiency by PSMA PET/CT Parameters
Authors: Cui Yan , Zhou Xin , Song Yufei , Zhai Shizhen , Li Nan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the application of PSMA-RADS version 2.0 in assessment of pulmonary metastases in patients with prostate cancer and whether PSMA PET/CT parameters provide incremental value.

Patients and Methods
From October 2016 to July 2023, PC patients with pulmonary opacities (including pulmonary metastases, lung cancer, and pulmonary benign opacities) who underwent Al18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. CT imaging characteristics, including the longest diameter, density, smoothness, lobulation, pleural retraction, and vacuole sign, as well as PET parameters including SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio, were measured and analyzed. Additionally, the pulmonary PSMA-RADS score for each patient was determined. Independent predictors of pulmonary metastases were identified through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, which were utilized to construct a parallel diagnostic test. The differential diagnostic performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
A total of 148 pulmonary opacities from 96 patients were retrospectively included. The number of pulmonary benign opacities, lung cancer, and pulmonary metastases were 48 (32.4%), 20 (13.5%), and 80 (54.1%), respectively. The number of opacities across different PSMA-RADS scores from 2 to 5 was 8 (5.4%), 88 (59.5%), 7 (4.7%), and 45 (30.4%). SUVmax and smooth edges were independent predictors of pulmonary metastases (both P < 0.05), and the AUC of the parallel test for these 2 parameters was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.94; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of the parallel test across PSMA-RADS score from 2 to 5 was 85.7%, 79.6%, 100%, and 92.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
Al18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT parameters were helpful in differentiating pulmonary metastases in PC patients and provided incremental value when integrated with PSMA-RADS version 2.0.
Uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 in a Case of Gynecomastia
Authors: Xu Tingting , Zhang Feiyu , Zheng Shiyu , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Herein, we report a case of a man with malignant melanoma exhibiting thickened right breast with increased tracer uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Subsequent ultrasound confirmed there was no sign of malignancy and consistent with benign gynecomastia.
Natural Language Processing Applied to Spontaneous Recall of Famous Faces Reveals Memory Dysfunction in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
Authors: Tefera Eden , Borges Delfino de Souza Helen , Blewitt Charlotte , Mansoor Aaqib , Peters Haley , Teerawanichpol Peem , Henin Simon , Barr William B. , Johnson Stephen B. , Liu Anli 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjective and BackgroundEpilepsy patients rank memory problems as their most significant cognitive comorbidity. Current clinical assessments are laborious to administer and score and may not always detect subtle memory decline. The Famous Faces Task (FF) has robustly demonstrated that left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) patients remember fewer names and biographical details compared to right TLE (RTLE) patients and healthy controls (HCs). We adapted the FF task to capture subjects’ entire spontaneous spoken recall, then scored responses using manual and natural language processing (NLP) methods. We expected to replicate previous group level differences using spontaneous speech and semi-automated analysis.MethodsSeventy-three (N=73) adults (28 LTLE, 18 RTLE, and 27 HCs) were included in a case-control prospective study design. Twenty FF in politics, sports, and entertainment (active 2008-2017) were shown to subjects, who were asked if they could recognize and spontaneously recall as much biographical detail as possible. We created human-generated and automatically-generated keyword dictionaries for each celebrity, based on a randomly selected training set of half of the HC transcripts. To control for speech output, we measured the speech duration, total word count and content word count for the FF task and a Cookie Theft Control Task (CTT), in which subjects were merely asked to describe a visual scene. Subjects’ responses to FF and CTT tasks were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in a blinded manner with a combination of manual and automated NLP approaches.ResultsFamous face recognition accuracy was similar between groups. LTLE patients recalled fewer biographical details compared to HCs and RTLEs using both the gold-standard human-generated dictionary (24%±12% vs. 31%±12% and 30%±12%, p=0.007) and the automated dictionary (24%±12% vs. 31%±12% and 32%±13%, p=0.007). There were no group level differences in speech duration, total word count, or content word count for either the FF and CTT to explain difference in recall performance. There was a positive, statistically significant relationship between MOCA score and FF recall performance as scored by the human-generated (ρ= .327, p= .029) and automatically-generated dictionaries (ρ= .422, p= .004) for TLE subjects, but not HCs, an effect that was driven by LTLE subjects.DiscussionLTLE patients remember fewer details of famous people than HCs or RTLE patients, as discovered by NLP analysis of spontaneous recall. Decreased biographical memory was not due to decreased speech output and correlated with lower MOCA scores. NLP analysis of spontaneous recall can detect memory dysfunction in clinical populations in a semi-automated, objective, and sensitive manner.
CRISP: Correlation-Refined Image Segmentation Process
Authors: Briggs Jennifer K. , Jin Erli , Merrins Matthew J. , Benninger Richard K.P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCalcium imaging enables real-time recording of cellular activity across various biological contexts. To assess the activity of individual cells, scientists typically manually outline the cells based on visual inspection. This manual cell masking introduces potential user error. To ameliorate this error, we developed the Correlation-Refined Image Segmentation Process (CRISP), a two-part automated algorithm designed to both enhance the accuracy of user-drawn cell masks and to automatically identify cell masks. We developed and tested CRISP on calcium images of densely packed β-cells within the islet of Langerhans. Because these β-cells are densely packed within the islet, traditional clustering-based image segmentation methods struggle to identify individual cell outlines. Using β-cells isolated from two different mouse phenotypes and imaged on two different confocal microscopes, we show that CRISP is generalizable and accurate. To test the benefit of using CRISP in functional biological analyses, we show that CRISP improves accuracy of functional network analysis and utilize CRISP to characterize the distribution of β-cell size.
Cyclic Electromagnetic DNA Simulation (CEDS) influences the functions of Long Oligo-dsDNAs and Plasmid DNAs
Authors: Lee Suk Keun , Lee Dae Gwan , Kim Yeon Sook 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogen bonding magnetic resonance-based cyclic electromagnetic DNA simulation (CEDS) was proposed to play a role in regulating the function of target short oligo-dsDNA in the previous study, as the decagonal CEDS was found to induce the hybridization and conformational changes of target short oligo-dsDNA in a sequence-specific manner. This study applied dodecagonal CEDS on 24 bps oligo-dsDNAs and plasmid DNAs. CEDS can affect 24 bps oligo-dsDNAs intercalated by ethidium bromide (EtBr) or condensed by spermidine by stimulating them to partially remove EtBr or spermidine, respectively, depending on CEDS time. When the multiple cloning site of pBluescript was digested with eight restriction endonucleases (RE) under CEDS separately, all RE digests were enhanced depending on CEDS time compared to the negative and positive controls both in EtBr intercalated electrophoresis and HPLC analysis.In vitroRNA transcription from human VEGFA, vWF or elafin cDNA subcloned into pBluescript DNA was increased by CEDS using each promoter sequence depending on CEDS time compared to negative and positive controls. In addition, the productions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and β-galactosidase were enhanced by CEDS using each promoter sequence from pE-GFP-1 and pBluescript, respectively. In the survival assay using E. coli transfected with pBluescript containing ampicillin resistance gene, the number of surviving E. coli was increased by CEDS using a T3 promoter sequence compared to the control during two days of culture, while it was decreased by CEDS using a T7 promoter, non-specific 12A, 6(TA), or mutation-2 (GG18,19CC) T3 promoter sequence. Therefore, it is suggested that dodecagonal CEDS can target 24 bps oligo-dsDNAs and promoter sequences of plasmid DNAs in a sequence-specific manner and influence their functions.
Structural and functional dissection of the Pacinian corpuscle reveals an active role of the inner core in touch detection
Authors: Ziolkowski Luke H. , Nikolaev Yury A. , Chikamoto Akitoshi , Oda Mai , Feketa Viktor V. , Monedero-Alonso David , Ardasheva Serafima A. , Bae Samuel S. , Xu C. Shan , Pang Song , Gracheva Elena O. , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryPacinian corpuscles are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor end-organs that detect transient touch and high-frequency vibration. In the prevailing model, these properties are determined by the outer core, which acts as a mechanical filter limiting static and low-frequency stimuli from reaching the afferent terminal—the sole site of touch detection in corpuscles. Here, we determine the detailed 3D architecture of corpuscular components and reveal their contribution to touch detection. We show that the outer core is dispensable for rapid adaptation and frequency tuning. Instead, these properties arise from the inner core, composed of gap junction-coupled lamellar Schwann cells (LSCs) surrounding the afferent terminal. By acting as additional touch sensing structures, LSCs potentiate mechanosensitivity of the terminal, which detects touch via fast-inactivating ion channels. We propose a model in which Pacinian corpuscle function is mediated by an interplay between mechanosensitive LSCs and the afferent terminal in the inner core.HighlightseFIB-SEM reveals detailed 3D architecture of the entire Pacinian (Herbst) corpuscleInner, not outer core mediates rapid adaptation and frequency tuningAfferent terminal detects touch via fast-inactivating ion channelsMechanosensitive lamellar Schwann cells tune afferent terminal sensitivity to touch
MuLAN: Mutation-driven Light Attention Networks for investigating protein-protein interactions from sequences
Authors: Lombardi Gianluca , Carbone Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how proteins interact and how mutations affect these interactions is crucial for unraveling the complexities of biological systems and their evolution. Mutations can significantly alter protein behavior, impacting stability, interactions, and activity, thereby affecting cellular functions and influencing disease development and treatment effectiveness. Experimental methods for examining protein interactions are often slow and costly, highlighting the need for efficient computational strategies. We present MuLAN, a groundbreaking deep learning method that leverages light attention networks and the power of pre-trained protein language models to infer protein interactions, predict binding affinity changes, and reconstruct mutational landscapes for proteins involved in binary interactions, starting from mutational changes and directly using sequence data only. Unlike previous methods that depend heavily on structural information, MuLAN’s sequence-based approach offers faster and more accessible predictions. This innovation allows for variations in predictions based on specific partners, opening new possibilities for understanding protein behavior through their sequences. The potential implications for disease research and drug development mark a significant step forward in the computational analysis of protein interactions.
A Tale of Two Environments: Divisive Normalization and the (In)Flexibility of Choice
Authors: Kurtz-David Vered , Sinha Shreya , Alladi Vinayak , Bucher Stefan , Brandenburger Adam , Louie Kenway , Glimcher Paul , Tymula Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Divisive Normalization (DN) function has been described as a “canonical neural computation” in the brain that achieves efficient representations of sensory and choice stimuli. Recent theoretical work indicates that it efficiently encodes a specific class of Pareto-distributed stimuli. Does the brain shift to different encoding functions in other types of environments, or is there evidence for DN encoding in other types of environments? In this paper, using a within-subject choice experiment, we show evidence of the latter. Our subjects made decisions in two distinct choice environments with choice sets either drawn from a Pareto distribution or from a uniform distribution. Our results indicate that subjects’ choices are better described by a divisive coding strategy in both environments. Moreover, subjects appeared to calibrate a DN function to match, as closely as possible, the actual statistical properties of each environment. These results suggest that the nervous system may be constrained to use divisive representations under all conditions.Significance StatementHow does the frequency with which we encounter different kinds of decision problems affect how the brain represents those problems? Recent empirical findings suggest that we adapt our internal representations to match the environments in which we are making choices. Theoretical work has shown that one form of internal representation, called divisive normalization, provides an optimal adaptation when making choices in a specific class of environments. Using a stylized experimental design, subjects faced two distinct choice environments, each characterized by different statistical properties. Our findings show humans appear to use the same mechanism in both environments, suggesting that a divisive representation may be a fixed feature of human cognition.