bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derangement of ghrelin secretion after long‐term high‐fat diet feeding in rats
Authors: Sugiishi Aya , Kimura Masaki , Kamiya Ryo , Ueki Satomi , Yoneya Mikiko , Saito Yoshimasa , Saito Hidetsugu 
Published: February 2013

AimAppetite control is an important goal for the management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity; however, little is known about how hormones concerning appetite regulation are affected by long‐term consumption of a high‐fat diet. We investigated the effect of high‐fat diet on secretory regulation of ghrelin and leptin in rats.MethodsRats were fed a control or a high‐fat diet for 18 weeks and then killed. Before being killed, a glucose tolerance test was performed. Weight, total calorie intake and blood glucose levels were measured, and the plasma levels of total and active ghrelin, and leptin were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsBody and fat weight and total calorie intake were significantly higher in the high‐fat diet group than in the control, although blood glucose levels did not differ. Plasma leptin was significantly higher in the high‐fat diet group, and a significant positive correlation was observed between bodyweight and leptin levels in both groups. The levels of active and total ghrelin were not significantly changed by high‐fat diet, and active ghrelin levels in the control group significantly correlated negatively with bodyweight, while its correlation was lost in the high‐fat diet group. The glucose tolerance test showed that ghrelin levels were significantly higher than those of controls even 60 min after glucose loading.ConclusionThese results indicate that secretion of ghrelin, but not leptin, are deranged by consumption of a high‐fat diet, and active ghrelin levels lose their correlation with bodyweight and food intake.
Optimizing patient involvement in quality improvement
Authors: Armstrong Natalie , Herbert Georgia , Aveling Emma‐Louise , Dixon‐Woods Mary , Martin Graham 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionPatient and public involvement in healthcare planning, service development and health‐related research has received significant attention. However, evidence about the role of patient involvement in quality improvement work is more limited. We aimed to characterize patient involvement in three improvement projects and to identify strengths and weaknesses of contrasting approaches.MethodsThree case study quality improvement projects were purposively sampled from a broader programme. We used an ethnographic approach involving 126 in‐depth interviews, 12 weeks of non‐participant observations and documentary analysis. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method.ResultsThe three projects differed in the ways they involved patients in their quality improvement work, including their rationales for including patients. We characterized three very different models of patient involvement, which were each influenced by project context. Patients played distinctive roles across the three projects, acting in some cases as intermediaries between the wider patient community and clinicians, and sometimes undertaking persuasive work to convince clinicians of the need for change. We identified specific strategies that can be used to help ensure that patient involvement works most effectively and that the enthusiasm of patients to make a difference is not dissipated.ConclusionPatient involvement in quality improvement work needs careful management to realize its full potential.
Metanephric adenoma and solid variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma: common and distinctive features
Authors: Mantoan Padilha Mariana , Billis Athanase , Allende Daniela , Zhou Ming , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina 
Published: February 2013

AimsTo evaluate morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features helpful in distinguishing metanephric adenoma (MA) from solid papillary renal cell carcinoma (s‐PRCC).Methods and resultsWe present a detailed study of 21 MA and 23 s‐PRCC. The two entities exhibited significant similarities, both being well‐circumscribed tumours composed of tightly packed small cells arranged in solid sheets or ill‐defined tubules, often presenting glomeruloid bodies, psammoma bodies and dystrophic calcification, and showing overlapping immunoreactivity for S100, CD57 and CK7. Conversely, most MA were non‐encapsulated, whereas most s‐PRCC showed a thick fibrous pseudocapsule; MA cells had scanty cytoplasm and a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio in comparison to s‐PRCC, where occasional tumour cells showed abundant cytoplasm and high nuclear grade. Polypoid branching fronds were common in MA, but absent in s‐PRCC; multifocality and papillary hyperplasia/adenoma were seen only in s‐PRCC. MA were positive for WT1 and negative for EMA and alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR); s‐PRCC were positive for EMA and AMACR and negative for WT1.ConclusionsDespite overlapping features, careful morphological and architectural evaluation should result in accurate diagnosis of most MA and s‐PRCC. In challenging cases, IHC stains for WT1, EMA and AMACR may help in distinguishing these two entities.
Design and Fabrication of Transparent and Gas‐Tight Optical Windows in Low‐Temperature Co‐Fired Ceramics
Authors: Welker Tilo , Geiling Thomas , Bartsch Heike , Müller Jens 
Published: February 2013

Low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) enable the fabrication of microfluidic elements such as channels and embedded cavities in electrical devices. Hence, LTCC facilitate the realization of complex and integrated microfluidic devices. Examples can be applied in many areas like reaction chambers for synthesis of chemical compounds. However, for many applications it is necessary to have an optically transparent interface to the surroundings. The integration of optical windows in LTCC opens up a wide field of new and innovative applications such as the observation of chemiluminescent reactions. These chemical reactions emit electromagnetic radiation and thus offer a method for noninvasive detection. Thin glasses (≤500 μm) were bonded by thermocompression onto a LTCC substrate. As the bonding agent, a glass frit paste was used. Borosilicate glasses, fused silica as well as silicon were successfully bonded onto LTCC. To join materials with a large coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch (i.e., fused silica and LTCC), it is necessary to limit the heat input to the bond interface. Therefore, a heating structure was integrated into the LTCC substrate beneath the bond interface. This bonding process provides a gas‐tight optical port with a high bond strength.
Decreasing effect of fluoride content in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) by chemical treatments
Authors: Jung Hae Rim , Kim Min‐A , Seo Yong‐Soo , Lee Yang‐Bong , Chun Byung‐Soo , Kim Seon‐Bong 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDecreasing effects of fluoride contents in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as affected by chemical treatments with and without heating were investigated. The used chemicals were NaOH, Na2CO3, Na2SO3, citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, HCl, ethanol, lysine, aminoguanidine, arginine, carnitine, betaine, and creatine. Fluoride contents per dry weight were 788 ± 10 mg kg−1 in the whole body of krill (WBK) and 294 ± 4 mg kg−1 in the peeled krill meat (PKM) respectively. When WBK was treated with chemicals with and without heating or thawed, fluoride was not decreased. On the other hand, when the PKM was treated with chemicals without heating was remarkably decreased to less than 100 mg kg−1, which is the criteria recommended by FDA. Particularly, the treatment of betaine without heating showed the best reduction effect of 30 ± 6 mg kg−1, followed by carnitine (38 ± 17 mg kg−1), acetic acid (52 ± 1 mg kg−1), phosphoric acid (67 ± 2 mg kg−1) and hydrochloric acid (68 ± 1 mg kg−1).
Detection of aflatoxins in tea samples based on a class‐specific monoclonal antibody
Authors: Zhang Xun , Feng Min , Liu Liqiang , Xing Changrui , Kuang Hua , Peng Chianfang , Wang Libing , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody was established to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in tea. The antibody was prepared from a hybridoma derived by fusing Sp2/0‐Ag14 myeloma cells and immunised spleen B cells. The effects from pH, ionic strength, and organic solvents on immunoassay were optimised and the 50% inhibition (IC50) value was 0.057 ± 0.007 ng mL−1. Spiked black and green tea samples at 10, 20 and 50 ng g−1 levels of AFB1 were detected with this proposed ELISA. The recoveries for black tea samples ranged from 68.5% to 117.7% and 73.5 to 114.3% for green tea samples. This immunoassay showed no cross‐reactions with other mycotoxin family but good recognition with related aflatoxins. These results indicate that the ELISA assay could be used as a screening method for aflatoxin detection in tea samples.
Optimizing arousal to manage aggression: A pilot study of sensory modulation
Authors: Sutton Daniel , Wilson Michael , Van Kessel Kirsten , Vanderpyl Jane 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe dominant model that informs clinical training for preventing violence and managing aggression posits arousal as mediated downwards from higher cortical structures. This view results in an often‐misplaced reliance on verbal and cognitive techniques for de‐escalation. The emergence of sensory modulation, via the Six Core Strategies, is an alternative or complementary approach that is associated with reduced rates of seclusion and restraint. Sensory‐based interventions are thought to promote adaptive regulation of arousal and emotion, but this connection has had limited theoretical and empirical development. This paper presents results of a pilot trial of sensory‐based interventions in four inpatient mental health units in New Zealand. Narrative analysis of interview and focus group data suggest that modifications to the environment and the use of soothing stimuli moderate or optimize arousal and promote an ability to adaptively regulate emotion. Findings are discussed in light of recent advances in the neurophysiology of emotional regulation and the General Aggression Model that posits arousal and maladaptive emotional regulation as precursors to aggression.
A prospective window into medical device‐related pressure ulcers in intensive care
Authors: Coyer Fiona M , Stotts Nancy A , Blackman Virginia Schmied 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, location, aetiology, treatment and healing of medical device‐related pressure ulcers (PUs) in intensive care patients for up to 7 days. A prospective repeated measures study design was used. Patients in six intensive care units of two major medical centres, one each in Australia and the USA, were screened 1 day per month for 6 months. Those with device‐related ulcers were followed daily for up to 7 days. The outcome measures were device‐related ulcer prevalence, pain, infection, treatment and healing. Fifteen of 483 patients had device‐related ulcers and 9 of 15 with 11 ulcers were followed beyond screening. Their mean age was 60·5 years, and most were men, overweight and at increased risk of PU. Endotracheal (ET) and nasogastric (NG) tubes were the cause of most device‐related ulcers. Repositioning was the most frequent treatment. Four of 11 ulcers healed within the 7‐day observation period. In conclusion, device‐related ulcer prevalence was 3·1%, similar to that reported in the limited literature available, indicating an ongoing problem. Systematic assessment and repositioning of devices are the mainstays of care. We recommend continued prevalence determination and that nurses remain vigilant to prevent device‐related ulcers, especially in patients with NG and ET tubes.
Male circumcision decreases penile sensitivity as measured in a large cohort
Authors: Bronselaer Guy A. , Schober Justine M. , Meyer‐Bahlburg Heino F.L. , T'Sjoen Guy , Vlietinck Robert , Hoebeke Piet B. 
Published: February 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The sensitivity of the foreskin and its importance in erogenous sensitivity is widely debated and controversial. This is part of the actual public debate on circumcision for non‐medical reason. Today some studies on the effect of circumcision on sexual function are available. However they vary widely in outcome.
The present study shows in a large cohort of men, based on self‐assessment, that the foreskin has erogenous sensitivity. It is shown that the foreskin is more sensitive than the uncircumcised glans mucosa, which means that after circumcision genital sensitivity is lost. In the debate on clitoral surgery the proven loss of sensitivity has been the strongest argument to change medical practice. In the present study there is strong evidence on the erogenous sensitivity of the foreskin. This knowledge hopefully can help doctors and patients in their decision on circumcision for non‐medical reason.
Objectives
To test the hypothesis that sensitivity of the foreskin is a substantial part of male penile sensitivity.
To determine the effects of male circumcision on penile sensitivity in a large sample.
Subjects and Methods
The study aimed at a sample size of ≈1000 men.
Given the intimate nature of the questions and the intended large sample size, the authors decided to create an online survey.
Respondents were recruited by means of leaflets and advertising.
Results
The analysis sample consisted of 1059 uncircumcised and 310 circumcised men.
For the glans penis, circumcised men reported decreased sexual pleasure and lower orgasm intensity. They also stated more effort was required to achieve orgasm, and a higher percentage of them experienced unusual sensations (burning, prickling, itching, or tingling and numbness of the glans penis).
For the penile shaft a higher percentage of circumcised men described discomfort and pain, numbness and unusual sensations.
In comparison to men circumcised before puberty, men circumcised during adolescence or later indicated less sexual pleasure at the glans penis, and a higher percentage of them reported discomfort or pain and unusual sensations at the penile shaft.
Conclusions
This study confirms the importance of the foreskin for penile sensitivity, overall sexual satisfaction, and penile functioning.
Furthermore, this study shows that a higher percentage of circumcised men experience discomfort or pain and unusual sensations as compared with the uncircumcised population.
Before circumcision without medical indication, adult men, and parents considering circumcision of their sons, should be informed of the importance of the foreskin in male sexuality.
Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States
Authors: Nash Jennifer , Bosso Christopher 
Published: February 2013

SummaryExtended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that requires manufacturers to finance the costs of recycling or safely disposing of products consumers no longer want. This article describes the evolution of EPR policies in the United States, focusing on the role of states as policy actors. For their part, federal lawmakers have not embraced EPR policies except to remove some barriers to state‐level initiatives. In the two‐decade period from 1991 to 2011, U.S. states enacted more than 70 EPR laws. In addition, manufacturers have implemented voluntary programs to collect and recycle products, but those efforts have proven largely ineffective in capturing significant quantities of waste products. With the help of new coalitions of diverse interest groups, recently states have renewed efforts to establish effective EPR programs, enacting 40 laws in the period 2008–2011. Several state initiatives suggest a more promising future for EPR.
Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Combining “Paclitaxel” Eluting Balloon and “Limus” Eluting Stent in the Same Lesion
Authors: BASAVARAJAIAH SANDEEP , LATIB AZEEM , HASEGAWA TASUKU , REZQ AHMED , TAKAGI KENSUKE , NAGANUMA TORU , KAWAGUCHI MASA , FIGINI FILIPPO , COLOMBO ANTONIO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of combining drug‐eluting balloon (DEB) and drug‐eluting stents (DES) in the same coronary lesion.BackgroundUse of DEB may not always produce optimal results or even result in dissection, compelling the operators to consider bailout stenting with bare metal stents (BMS). However, BMS may not be ideal in patients who have significant risk‐profile for restenosis. We have opted for DES over BMS in such situations and present our follow‐up data.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2011, 46 patients (57 lesions) requiring bailout stenting following DEB use were treated with second‐generation DES. All patients had at‐least one or more risk‐factors that made them vulnerable for restenosis (diabetes, chronic kidney disease, previous in‐stent restenosis [ISR], and/or long diffuse lesions ≥30 mm).ResultsOf the 57 lesions, 34 (60%) were previous ISR. The mean length of the DEB was: 36.2 ± 5.6 mm. All patients had TIMI‐3 flow post PCI with no in‐lab complications. At median follow‐up of 12.3 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.5–18.1), the rates target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were 3 (5.3%) and 4 (7%), respectively. One patient had died 3 months following treatment. There were no episodes of myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rate defined as cardiac‐death, MI, and TVR occurred in 11% of patients.ConclusionThe results from this novel strategy of combining “Paclitaxel” eluting balloon and “Limus” eluting stent in a same lesion are encouraging. Dual drug‐elution acting on two different pathways may provide potential synergy that may explain the favorable outcome. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:259–263)
Estimation of False Discovery Rate Using Sequential Permutation p‐Values
Authors: Bancroft Tim , Du Chuanlong , Nettleton Dan 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWe consider the problem of testing each of m null hypotheses with a sequential permutation procedure in which the number of draws from the permutation distribution of each test statistic is a random variable. Each sequential permutation p‐value has a null distribution that is nonuniform on a discrete support. We show how to use a collection of such p‐values to estimate the number of true null hypotheses m0 among the m null hypotheses tested and how to estimate the false discovery rate (FDR) associated with p‐value significance thresholds. We use real data analyses and simulation studies to evaluate and illustrate the performance of our proposed approach relative to standard, more computationally intensive strategies. We find that our sequential approach produces similar results with far less computational expense in a variety of scenarios.
A Regularization Corrected Score Method for Nonlinear Regression Models with Covariate Error
Authors: Zucker David M. , Gorfine Malka , Li Yi , Tadesse Mahlet G. , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: February 2013

SummaryMany regression analyses involve explanatory variables that are measured with error, and failing to account for this error is well known to lead to biased point and interval estimates of the regression coefficients. We present here a new general method for adjusting for covariate error. Our method consists of an approximate version of the Stefanski–Nakamura corrected score approach, using the method of regularization to obtain an approximate solution of the relevant integral equation. We develop the theory in the setting of classical likelihood models; this setting covers, for example, linear regression, nonlinear regression, logistic regression, and Poisson regression. The method is extremely general in terms of the types of measurement error models covered, and is a functional method in the sense of not involving assumptions on the distribution of the true covariate. We discuss the theoretical properties of the method and present simulation results in the logistic regression setting (univariate and multivariate). For illustration, we apply the method to data from the Harvard Nurses' Health Study concerning the relationship between physical activity and breast cancer mortality in the period following a diagnosis of breast cancer.
Middle school students overestimate normative support for aggression and underestimate normative support for nonviolent problem‐solving strategies
Authors: Henry David B. , Dymnicki Allison B. , Schoeny Michael E. , Meyer Aleta L. , Martin Nina C. ,   Multisite Violence Prevention Project
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study tested five hypotheses related to the accuracy of students' perceptions of school norms for aggression and nonviolent problem‐solving strategies with two cohorts (ns = 852 and 968) of 6th‐grade students in 12 schools. Students consistently overestimated peer normative support for aggression and underestimated peer normative support for nonviolent problem‐solving strategies. This effect remained significant in tests of moderation by gender, ethnicity, and aggression level. Tests for moderation by the degree of provocation (e.g., if a student was hit first) and a test measuring actual norms from eighth graders and perceived norms from seventh graders suggested that the discrepancy was not due to self‐serving bias or social desirability. Longitudinal analysis found that the discrepancy remained through 8th grade. The discrepancy between actual and perceived norms has implications for risk and violence prevention, which are discussed.
Tongue Strength Is Associated with Jumping Mechanography Performance and Handgrip Strength but Not with Classic Functional Tests in Older Adults
Authors: Buehring Bjoern , Hind Jacqueline , Fidler Ellen , Krueger Diane , Binkley Neil , Robbins JoAnne 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether classic muscle function tests and jumping mechanography (JM) are related to tongue strength.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsNinety‐seven community‐dwelling individuals aged 70 and older (49 female, 48 male, mean age 80.7, range 70–95) with and without identified sarcopenia.MeasurementsParticipants performed muscle function tests including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), grip strength, and JM. Isometric tongue strength was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). JM consisted of maximal countermovement jumps performed on a force plate to calculate weight‐corrected peak power and jump height. Total body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM) to define sarcopenia based on commonly used ALM/height2 cutoffs. Associations between IOPI measures and other muscle function tests were evaluated.ResultsSarcopenia was present in 23.7% (23/97) of this cohort. Anterior isometric tongue pressure was positively correlated with grip strength (P = .003), jump height (P = .01), and power (P = .04). Individuals in the lowest tertile of tongue pressure had lower scores on these muscle function tests than individuals in the other tertiles. Classic functional tests and ALM/height2 were unrelated to tongue strength.ConclusionIn older adults with and without sarcopenia, isometric tongue pressure is positively correlated with grip strength and jump height and power. These data support consideration of oropharyngeal functional decline as part of the sarcopenia syndrome.