bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Plasmonic based Ultracompact Polarization Beam Splitter on Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides
Authors: Tan Qilong , Huang Xuguang , Zhou Wen , Yang Kun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn ultracompact polarization beam splitter (PBS) is designed on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform based on the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excited by particular polarization light. The device uses nanoscale silver cylinders as the polarization selection between two silicon waveguides of a directional coupler. The transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization light excites localized surface plasmons and is coupled into the cross port of the directional coupler with a low insert loss, while the transverse-electric (TE) polarization light is under restriction. The PBS has a coupling layer with 50 nm width and 1.1 μm length supporting broadband operation. The simulation calculations show that 22.06dB and 23.06dB of extinction ratios for the TE and TM polarizations were obtained, together with insertion losses of 0.09dB and 0.40dB.
PIFA with dual‐resonance feed structure for enhancement of impedance bandwidth
Authors: Lee J. , Liu Y. , Kim H.H. , Kim H. 
Published: July 2013

A planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is presented, which has a dual‐resonance feed structure that enhances impedance bandwidth considerably. The proposed antenna fully covers LTE13/GSM850/GSM900 without significant modification of the antenna element fabricated in a small ground clearance. The antenna's impedance bandwidth under VSWR = 3:1 is 733–974 MHz, with a good realised efficiency.
Homologous recombination rescues ssDNA gaps generated by nucleotide excision repair and reduced translesion DNA synthesis in yeast G2 cells
Authors: Ma Wenjian , Westmoreland James W. , Resnick Michael A. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
DNA damage challenges genome integrity. Bulky DNA lesions, which are subject to nucleotide-excision repair, induce homologous recombination (HR). However, because there is no direct generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs), the underlying mechanism has been obscure. By investigating UV-induced lesions in nonreplicating G2 cells of budding yeast, we found that translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and HR are redundant in repair. Using a physical assay that detects recombination between circular sister chromatids, we establish that UV-induced recombination is not attributable to DSBs but instead is associated directly with expanded ssDNA gaps and is increased in cells defective in TLS.
Asymmetric thymocyte death underlies the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio in the adaptive immune system
Authors: Sinclair Charles , Bains Iren , Yates Andrew J. , Seddon Benedict 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Thymocytes express a diverse repertoire of T-cell antigen receptors. Stringent selection processes eliminate autoreactive cells and guide useful thymocytes to develop into CD4 or CD8 lineages. Development always generates more CD4 than CD8 T cells, but it is not understood why. Our study used mathematics to investigate the basis of this asymmetric lineage development. Although similar numbers of CD4 and CD8 precursors start selection, our analysis revealed unexpectedly high death rates in developing thymocytes. In particular, CD8 precursors were more susceptible to death than CD4 lineage cells, and this was a major contributor to the high CD4:CD8 ratio of development.
EVI1 oncoprotein interacts with a large and complex network of proteins and integrates signals through protein phosphorylation
Authors: Bard-Chapeau Emilie A. , Gunaratne Jayantha , Kumar Pankaj , Chua Belinda Q. , Muller Julius , Bard Frederic A. , Blackstock Walter , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Although ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) oncogenic transcription factor was discovered in 1988, its molecular functions and regulations are still underexplored. Through characterization of few EVI1-interacting proteins, EVI1 was identified as dynamic modulator of transcription and chromatin remodeling. We used proteomics approaches to define the EVI1 interactome. We found associations of EVI1 with not only transcriptional regulators, but also components of signaling pathways, DNA repair, DNA recombination, and mitosis complexes. We also identified functional EVI1 phosphorylation sites modified by casein-kinase II and protein phosphatase-1α that impact EVI1 activity. Thus, our study provides critical molecular insights on EVI1 action and regulation.
The nonlinear heat equation with high order mixed derivatives of the Dirac delta as initial values
Authors: Tayachi Slim , Weissler Fred 
Published: July 2013

In this paper we prove local existence of solutions of the nonlinear heat equation

u
t

=
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

α

u
,

t
∈
(
0
,
T
)
,

x
∈

R

N

,

u_t = \Delta u + |u|^\alpha u, \; t\in (0,T),\; x\in \mathbb {R}^N,

with initial value

u
(
0
)
=
K

∂

1

∂

2

⋅
⋅
⋅

∂

m

δ
,

K
≠
0
,

m
∈
{
1
,

2
,

⋯
,

N
}
,

0
>
α
>
2

/

(
N
+
m
)

u(0)=K\partial _{1}\partial _{2}\cdot \cdot \cdot \partial _{m}\delta ,\; K\not =0,\; m\in \{1,\; 2,\; \cdots ,\; N\},\; 0>\alpha >2/(N+m)

and

δ
\delta

is the Dirac distribution. In particular, this gives a local existence result with an initial value in a high order negative Sobolev space

H

s
,
q

(

R

N

)

H^{s,q}(\mathbb {R}^N)

with

s
≤
−
2.

s\leq -2.

As an application, we prove the existence of initial values

u
0

=
λ
f

u_0 = \lambda f

for which the resulting solution blows up in finite time if

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

is sufficiently small. Here,

f
f

satisfies in particular

f
∈

C
0

(

R

N

)
∩

L
1

(

R

N

)

f\in C_0(\mathbb {R}^N)\cap L^1(\mathbb {R}^N)

and is anti-symmetric with respect to

x
1

,

x
2

,

⋯
,

x
m

.

x_1,\; x_2,\; \cdots ,\; x_m.

Moreover, we require

∫

R

N

x
1

⋯

x
m

f
(
x
)
d
x
≠
0

\int _{\mathbb {R}^N} x_1\cdots x_mf(x) dx\not =0

. This extends the known “small lambda” blow up results which require either that

∫

R

N

f
(
x
)
d
x
≠
0

\int _{\mathbb {R}^N}f(x) dx\not =0

(Dickstein (2006)) or

∫

R

N

x
1

f
(
x
)
d
x
≠
0

\int _{\mathbb {R}^N} x_1f(x) dx\not =0

(Ghoul (2011), (2012)).
Long‐term Outcomes of Infants and Children Undergoing Percutaneous Endoscopy Gastrostomy Tube Placement
Authors: McSweeney Maireade E. , Jiang Hongyu , Deutsch Amanda J. , Atmadja Melissa , Lightdale Jenifer R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Little is known about long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. The purpose of this study was to examine tube‐related major complications in pediatric patients undergoing PEG placement during a 10‐year follow‐up period.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing PEG placement from April 1999 through December 2000 at Boston Children's Hospital was performed. Cumulative incident rates of major complications (defined by additional hospitalization, surgical or interventional radiology procedures) as well as time between PEG placement and major complications were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. Time to elective tube removal and patient mortality was also assessed.Results:One hundred thirty‐eight patients (59% [n = 82] boys [median age 22.5 months] [interquartile range, IQR 9–72.5], weight 9.2 kg [IQR 6.1–15.8]), underwent PEG placement during the study period and were followed at our hospital for a median of 4.98 years (IQR 1.5–8.7) years. Median time to elective tube removal was 10.2 years, with approximately half of the patients estimated to still have an indwelling enteral tube 10 years after placement. Fifteen patients (11%) had at least 1 major complication related to their gastrostomy tubes during the examined time period. The cumulative incidence of patients having a major complication was 15% (95% confidence interval 8.9–24.5) by 5.4 years.Conclusions:Children undergoing PEG placement have a long‐term high risk of morbidity related to enteral tubes. Major complications can occur many years after PEG placement. Larger prospective studies may be useful to assess risk factors for PEG‐related complications in pediatrics.
Changes in Prescription Patterns of Acid‐Suppressant Medications by Belgian Pediatricians
Authors: De Bruyne Pauline , Christiaens Thierry , Stichele Robert Vander , Van Winckel Myriam 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to examine the trend in the prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2‐receptor antagonists (H2‐RAs) for children in Belgium from 1997 to 2009 to encourage discussion regarding appropriate clinical use.Methods:Monthly claim–based data for PPIs and H2‐RAs were obtained from the national health insurance database (Pharmanet 1997–2009).Results:The total monthly volume of all reimbursed antireflux medications, prescribed by Belgian pediatricians, increased 7‐fold from 20,782 daily defined doses (DDDs) in January 1997 to 142,912 DDDs in June 2009. During this study period, reimbursed volume of H2‐RAs increased from 2575 to 38,996 DDDs and of PPIs from 3472 to 103,926 DDDs per month.Conclusions:PPI use has increased substantially in children. Its use does not seem to be commensurate with the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. This study encourages clinical discussion regarding well‐considered use of these drugs in children.
Transcriptional Dynamics of Two Seed Compartments with Opposing Roles in Arabidopsis Seed Germination
Authors: Dekkers Bas J.W. , Pearce Simon , van Bolderen-Veldkamp R.P. , Marshall Alex , Widera Paweł , Gilbert James , Drost Hajk-Georg , Bassel George W. , Müller Kerstin , King John R. , Wood Andrew T.A. , Grosse Ivo , Quint Marcel , Krasnogor Natalio , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard , Holdsworth Michael J. , Bentsink Leónie 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Seed germination is a critical stage in the plant life cycle and the first step toward successful plant establishment. Therefore, understanding germination is of important ecological and agronomical relevance. Previous research revealed that different seed compartments (testa, endosperm, and embryo) control germination, but little is known about the underlying spatial and temporal transcriptome changes that lead to seed germination. We analyzed genome-wide expression in germinating Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds with both temporal and spatial detail and provide Web-accessible visualizations of the data reported (vseed.nottingham.ac.uk). We show the potential of this high-resolution data set for the construction of meaningful coexpression networks, which provide insight into the genetic control of germination. The data set reveals two transcriptional phases during germination that are separated by testa rupture. The first phase is marked by large transcriptome changes as the seed switches from a dry, quiescent state to a hydrated and active state. At the end of this first transcriptional phase, the number of differentially expressed genes between consecutive time points drops. This increases again at testa rupture, the start of the second transcriptional phase. Transcriptome data indicate a role for mechano-induced signaling at this stage and subsequently highlight the fates of the endosperm and radicle: senescence and growth, respectively. Finally, using a phylotranscriptomic approach, we show that expression levels of evolutionarily young genes drop during the first transcriptional phase and increase during the second phase. Evolutionarily old genes show an opposite pattern, suggesting a more conserved transcriptome prior to the completion of germination.
Sporothrix schenckii (sensu strict S. globosa) mating type 1‐2 (MAT1‐2) gene
Authors: Kano Rui , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi , Nishimoto Katsutaro , Hiruma Masataro , Kamata Hiroshi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSporotix schenckii is a pathogenic fungus that causes human and animal sporotrichosis, and based on morphology of the sessile conidia and molecular analysis, it was recently recognized as a species complex comprising at least the following six sibling species: S. albicans, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. luriei, S. mexicana and S. schenckii. However, apart from S. schenckii sensu strict, only S. brasiliensis, S. globosa and S. luriei are associated with human and animal infection. S. globosa has been most commonly isolated in Asia, Europe and the USA; therefore, molecular epidemiological study for S. globosa is important in relation to human sporotrichosis in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the mating type 1‐2 (MAT1‐2) gene of Sporothrix schenckii with the aim of understanding the taxonomy of the genus Sporothrix. The MAT1‐2 gene (1618 bp) encodes a protein sequence of 198 amino acids. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis also detected MAT1‐2 gene mRNA expression in all of the S. schenckii strains examined, indicating that this gene is expressed in S. schenckii cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the MAT1‐2 gene fragments of Ophiostoma himal‐ulmi, O. novo‐ulmi, O. ulmi and S. schenckii indicated that these isolates could be classified into four clusters. MAT1‐1 gene‐specific polymerase chain reaction was positive in 15 isolates, but negative in four human isolates and one feline isolate.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition of the eccrine glands is involved in skin fibrosis in morphea
Authors: Takahashi Masayuki , Akamatsu Hirohiko , Yagami Akiko , Hasegawa Seiji , Ohgo Shiroh , Abe Masamichi , Iwata Yohei , Arima Masaru , Mizutani Hiroshi , Nakata Satoru , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMorphea is a type of localized scleroderma. It is a skin disease involving the development of fibrosis in the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue beneath without a visceral lesion, and the cause is still unclear. An involvement of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported as a cause of tissue fibrosis, but this was mostly observed in pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis, and the involvement of EMT in a skin disease, morphea, has not been studied . Thus, we analyzed the involvement of EMT in skin fibrosis in morphea patients using pathological techniques. Skin lesions of six morphea patients were analyzed (five female and one male patient). As a control, non‐light‐exposed skin lesions of 11 healthy females were analyzed. Concretely, tissue samples were prepared from these subjects and subjected to immunostaining of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and fibronectin, which have been reported to be associated with fibrosis, and Snail1 and E‐cadherin, which are considered to be involved in EMT, and expressions of these were analyzed. In morphea patients, dermal expression of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA and fibronectin, which are involved in fibrosis, was enhanced, and, at the same time, enhanced expression of Snail1 and reduced expression of E‐cadherin, which are involved in EMT, were observed in the dermal eccrine glands. These findings suggested the progression of EMT in the dermal eccrine glands in morphea.
Genus‐wide acid tolerance accounts for the biogeographical distribution of soil Burkholderia populations
Authors: Stopnisek Nejc , Bodenhausen Natacha , Frey Beat , Fierer Noah , Eberl Leo , Weisskopf Laure 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia are highly versatile with respect to their ecological niches and lifestyles, ranging from nodulating tropical plants to causing melioidosis and fatal infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Despite the clinical importance and agronomical relevance of Burkholderia species, information about the factors influencing their occurrence, abundance and diversity in the environment is scarce. Recent findings have demonstrated that pH is the main predictor of soil bacterial diversity and community structure, with the highest diversity observed in neutral pH soils. As many Burkholderia species have been isolated from low pH environments, we hypothesized that acid tolerance may be a general feature of this genus, and pH a good predictor of their occurrence in soils. Using a combination of environmental surveys at trans‐continental and local scales, as well as in vitro assays, we show that, unlike most bacteria, Burkholderia species have a competitive advantage in acidic soils, but are outcompeted in alkaline soils. Physiological assays and diversity analysis based on 16S rRNA clone libraries demonstrate that pH tolerance is a general phenotypic trait of the genus Burkholderia. Our results provide a basis for building a predictive understanding of the biogeographical patterns exhibited by Burkholderia sp.
Dissecting Earnings Recognition Timeliness
Authors: BALL RYAN T. , EASTON PETER 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe dissect the portion of stock price change of the fiscal year that is recognized in reported accounting earnings of the year. We call this portion earnings recognition timeliness (ERT). The emphasis in our dissection is on empirical identification of two fundamental precepts of financial accounting: (1) the matching principle, which is manifested in the recognition of expenses in the same period as the related benefits (i.e., sales revenue) accrue; and (2) recognition of expenses in the current period due to changes in expectations regarding earnings of future periods (we refer to these expenses as the expectations element of expenses). Although the expectations element has implicitly been at the core of much of the recent empirical literature on asymmetry in the earnings/return relation, it has not been explicitly identified. This recent literature is based on the premise that bad news about the future leads to more recognition of expenses in the current period (such as write‐downs) whereas good news about the future tends to have a much lesser effect on expenses of the current period; asymmetry in the expenses/return relation is captured implicitly via the observation of asymmetry in the earnings/return relation (i.e., asymmetry in ERT). Since the ERT reflects the relation between sales revenue and returns, matched expenses and returns, as well as the relation between the expectations element of expenses and returns, a focus on the expectations element may lead to sharper inferences. Our straightforward empirical procedure permits a focus on this element.
Taxonomic review of Mycetophagidae Leach (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Korea with their host fungi
Authors: Jung Boo Hee , Park Hae Chul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA taxonomic review of the fungivorous Korean Mycetophagidae is presented. Nine species in four genera belonging to two tribes are presented in Korea. Four species, Eulagius ussuriensis Nikitsky, Litargus japonicus Reitter, Mycetophagus irroratus (Reitter), and Mycetophagus pustulosus (Reitter), are newly recorded in Korea. Most species are associated with the fruiting bodies of higher fungi, fungus‐grown bark, and mold contaminated materials. In addition, we provide information on host‐fungi records of Korean mycetophagid species.
Hepatic contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: Impact of its introduction in the Australian context
Authors: Won So Yeun , Singh Neha , Lim Beng Ghee , Stella Damien , Gibson Robert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively new imaging modality in Australia. We discuss our early experience with CEUS at Royal Melbourne Hospital in assessment of focal liver lesions and its clinical impact.MethodRadiology department and hospital computerised information systems were used to identify and collate information regarding the indication, previous and follow‐up imaging, CEUS findings and subsequent final diagnoses of patients who underwent hepatic CEUS from 12/12/2007 to 20/4/2012.ResultsA total of 388 hepatic CEUS were performed, examining 409 lesions. The cases were grouped as either ‘initial study’ or ‘follow‐up’ group, with main focus on the former group. Of the 367 lesions in the ‘initial study’ group, CEUS was able to distinguish benign from malignant pathology in 344 cases (93.8%). This was especially beneficial in setting of known malignancy with indeterminate liver lesions found on CT to confidently exclude metastatic disease. For 124 of 162 patients who had an incidentally detected indeterminate liver lesion, CEUS was the final imaging investigation required to make a diagnosis.ConclusionCEUS is a valuable tool in assessment of focal liver lesions in conjunction with other conventional modalities in a variety of clinical settings. In particular, it provided definitive diagnosis in a significant proportion of incidentally identified liver lesions many of which are benign, saving patient anxiety and further unnecessary follow‐up.
Importance of mentoring in Australian radiology training
Authors: Rhodes Alexander 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMentoring is widely accepted as a fundamental component of a number of professions; however, mentoring is underutilized, and its practice is poorly instituted in most Australian radiology training programmes. This article highlights the benefits of mentoring within the radiology training context. Potential barriers to successful mentoring are elucidated, and future pathways for improved implementation and application of mentor programmes with radiology training programmes are presented.
Deep resequencing of 17 glutamate system genes identifies rare variants in DISC1 and GRIN2B affecting risk of opioid dependence
Authors: Xie Pingxing , Kranzler Henry R. , Krystal John H. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Zhao Hongyu , Gelernter Joel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors play important roles in the pathophysiology of substance dependence (SD), but no strong genetic evidence has associated common variants in NMDAR‐related genes to SD. We hypothesized that rare variants (RVs) with minor allele frequency <1% in the NMDAR‐related genes might exert large effects on SD risk. We sequenced 34 544 bp of coding and flanking intronic regions of 17 genes involved in the NMDA system in 760 subjects, all with co‐occurring alcohol dependence, cocaine dependence and opioid dependence (OD), and 760 healthy control subjects. One hundred percent of the target regions were sequenced at >1000× coverage. We identified 454 variants, including 380 RVs. Based on case‐control allele count differences, we genotyped 11 exonic RVs in 6751 additional subjects, and the 1520 subjects from the sequencing stage for validation. All alleles of the 11 RVs called in the sequencing stage were confirmed. We found a statistically significant association of the 11 RVs with OD in African Americans (P = 0.00080). Results from gene‐based association tests showed that the association signal derived mostly from DISC1 (P = 0.0010) and GRIN2B (P = 0.00085). DISC1 is a well‐validated schizophrenia risk gene. This is the first demonstration that RVs affect the risk of OD and the first demonstration of biological convergence of schizophrenia and OD risk—via DISC1.