bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemahaman Matematis Siswa SMP Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Kubus dan Balok Ditinjau Dari Tipe Kepribadian Keirsey
Authors: Indraswari Nur , Kaila Ufil 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian adalah jenis penelitian eksploratif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuannya mendeskripsikan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian keirsey. Subjek penelitian adalah 4 siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Bluto yang berjenis kelamin sama, berkemampuan setara, mewakili 4 tipe kepribadian keirsey. Tiga indikator untuk mengungkap pemahaman matematis yaitu Translation and Interpretation, Ekstrapolation, dan Aplication. Pada indikator Translation and Interpretation diperoleh siswa mampu mengklasifikasikan objek-objek diketahui dan ditanyakan dalam permasalahan. Keempat subjek dapat mengidentifikasikan hal-hal yang diketahui dan di tanyakan berdasarkan yang mereka amati serta pahami, menentukan konsep penyelesaian yang didapat dari ukuran suatu kubus satuan. Menghitung sisi yang diwarnai dan yang tidak diwarnai menggunakan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan sehingga di peroleh rasio jumlah sisi kubus yang diwarnai terhadap dan yang tidak diwarnai. Berdasarkan Indikator Translation and Interpretation SA,SR,SI memvisualisasikan dengan gambar. SG menyatakan dengan jumlah sisi seluruh kubus. Indikator Ekstrapolation, SA,SI menggunakan konsep rumus volume dan SR, SG menggunakan logika atau penalaran, SR, SI menggunakan simbol dalam menyatakan sisi yang diwarnai dan yang tidak diwarnai. Indikator Aplication SI terdapat kesalahan penulisan pada perhitungan operasinya. SG terdapat kesalahan pemahaman maksud soal pada penentuan awal penyelesaian sehingga mempengaruhi hasil.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Transaksi Bitcoin Dalam Perspektif Ulama Fiqh Klasik Dan Kontemporer
Authors: Muhammad Masruron  
Published: July 2024

Bitcoin adalah sistem pembayaran online dari uang elektronik peer-to-peer (P2P) yang dikirim langsung dari satu pihak ke pihak lain tanpa melalui lembaga keuangan. Keberadaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang virtual dianggap legal, atau diperbolehkan dengan syarat, yaitu jika diakui oleh negara. Pasalnya, hak dan kewajiban mengurus iqtishadiyah termasuk penerbitan mata uang baru menjadi kewenangan negara. Dalam hal ini bitcoin tidak dikeluarkan oleh negara dan tidak diakui oleh Bank Indonesia, sehingga bitcoin merupakan mata uang yang dianggap tidak legal di Indonesia. Konsep bitcoin menurut ulama klasik dan ulama kontemporer meliputi: a. Bitcoin dalam hal fungsi; pada dasarnya sama dan tidak ada perbedaan. b. sisi legalitas; Bitcoin adalah mata uang ilegal di Indonesia. c. sisi kelemahan; bitcoin dapat digunakan sebagai alat pencucian uang. bitcoin adalah mata uang digital yang dapat digunakan oleh negara maju. Dia sangat berpengaruh dalam lalu lintas ekonomi modern. Hukum penggunaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang atau transaksi bisnis adalah haram li ghairihi, karena pelarangannya disebabkan oleh hal lain, bukan substansi bitcoin itu sendiri. Dan juga karena sifatnya yang tidak pasti yang memungkinkannya menimbulkan kerugian dan merugikan banyak orang Kata kunci : bitcoin, haram li ghairihi,legalitasmoney laundryingdan ekonomicNegara
Pengaruh Pemberian Informasi terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Swamedikasi Diare kepada Warga Desa Nguter RT 01 RW 07
Authors: SM Ahmad Fatih Amin , Indrasari Tika , Rejeki Sri , Parmadi Anom 
Published: July 2024

Salah satu penyakit yang sering dijumpai pada masyarakat adalah diare. Penyebab utama diare adalah makanan dan minuman yang tercemar yang diakibatkan karena kebersihan yang buruk. Diare termasuk penyakit yang berbahaya karena dapat menyebabkan kematian dan kejadian luar biasa (KLB). Kematian pada penderita diare disebabkan karena dehidrasi yaitu tubuh kehilangan cairan dan garam elektrolit. Diare atau gastroenteritis merupakan masalah bagi masyarakat di Indonesia, penyakit ini ditandai dengan bertambahnya frekuensi defekasi lebih dari biasanya lebih dari 3 kali/hari disertai perubahan konsisten feces (menjadi cair) dengan atau tanpa darah atau lendir. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informasi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan warga tentang swamedikasi diare di Desa Nguter Kecamatan Nguter Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif analitik observasional dimana pendekatan yang digunakan pada desain penelitian ini adalah "pre eksperimental design". Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan warga Desa Nguter melalui proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kognitif warga Desa Nguter melalui pendekatan pembelajaran dengan pemberian leaflet. Hasil penelitian ini didapati nilai signifikasi berjumlah nilai (p) = 0,000 < 0,05. Pemberian informasi berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi diare pada warga Desa Nguter RT 01 RW07.
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Hair Tonic Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pare (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Puspitasari Adellia , Sulistyawati Rini 
Published: July 2024

Daun pare (Momordica charantia L.) memiliki kandungan flavonoid,saponin, alkaloid, polifenol, momordicin, glikosida cucurbitacin dan charantin yang berkhasiat dalam pengobatan. Ekstrak daun pare konsentrasi 10% mampu menyuburkan rambut kelinci. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik sediaan hair tonic ekstrak daun pare dan uji stabilitas fisik. Formulasi hair tonic dibuat dengan ekstrak etanol daun pare bobot 3, 6 dan 9 gram dengan penambahan VCO serta bahan tambahan meliputi etanol 96%, menthol, nipagin, nipasol, propilenglikol, tween 80 dan akuadest. Pengujian stabilitas fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, uji pH, dan viskositas. Pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test pada suhu 40 selama 24 jam dilanjutkan suhu 4 selama 24 selama 12 hari. Hasil pengamatan organoleptis untuk ke-3 formula (FI, FII, FIII) berturut-turut warna sedikit hijau, hijau dan hijau pekat. Uji homogenitas ke - 3 formula menunjukkan hasil homogen, uji pH ke-3 formula memiliki nilai pH 6, 6 dan 7. Hasil uji viskositas diperoleh nilai 12,5 cP, 11 cP dan 11,50 cP. Formula II memberikan hasil formula terbaik dengan karakteristik fisik warna hijau, bau khas, bersifat homogen, pH 6 dan nilai viskositas 11 cP.
Phytochemical Analyses and Antibacterial Activities of Jatropha tanjorensis J. L. Ellis and Saroja Leaves Extract against Clinical Pathogens
Authors: Komolafe Cynthia Jesutomisin , Adetoyinbo Ifeoma Irene , Alao Felix Oluwasegun , Ogunsola Justina Folasayo 
Published: July 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial characteristics of leaf extracts from Jatropha tanjorensis plant against some selected clinical pathogens. Study Design: Experimental Study design (Quantitative).
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: The bacteria were obtained from the stock culture of the Microbiology laboratory at LUTH, Idi-Araba, Lagos State and Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State.
Methods: Fresh Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were obtained, identified, and then finely ground after being dried at room temperature. To obtain the extracts, two hundred grams (200g) of the leaves were macerated in one thousand milliliters (1000ml) of solvent. Phytochemical analyses were done on the extract utilizing suitable standard protocols. Using the agar well diffusion method, the leaf extracts' antibiotic sensitivity was assessed against selected bacteria, including Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis FELAO97, Escherichia coli, Bacillus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus aureus ATCC 25923.
Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed that while phlobatannins were absent from all extracts, other compounds found included saponin, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins. According to the quantitative phytochemical analysis, reducing sugars from methanolic extract had the lowest concentration (20.39 mg/100g) and flavonoids from hot water extract had the highest concentration (98.55 mg/100g). With a zone of inhibition of 19.83 mm against S. aureus, the cold-water extract exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, while the methanolic extract displayed the lowest zone of inhibition, 13.17 mm, against B. subtilis. When compared to other isolates, B. subtilis had the lowest MIC value of 10.24 mg/ml and other isolates had the highest MIC value of 20.48 mg/ml. A GC-MS analysis identified fifty-seven (57) bioactive compounds with 1, 2, 3-Benzenetriol having the highest percentage of 66.38%.
Conclusion: This study suggests that Jatropha tanjorensis may be a potential antibacterial drug, but more thorough study and collaboration are still necessary.
Insulin Medication Trends in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive USDDS Database Analysis
Authors: Okobi Okelue E. , Olasupo Olutayo Olaide , Afolabi Akinbanji R. , Emovon Christopher Igiogbe , Doherty Natalie Oghogho , O’Dare Rachel Adebukola , Umar Umi Ozohu , Okahia Tochukwu Wisdom , Adeboye Babatunde Adewale 
Published: July 2024

Background: Insulin medication trends in diabetes management have evolved significantly over the past two decades, influenced by demographic factors and advancements in treatment. Analyzing these trends from 2000 to 2022 helps identify disparities and informs strategies for optimizing diabetes care across diverse populations.
Methods: This retrospective, observational study analyzed United States Diabetes Data System (USDDS) data from 2000 to 2022. Adult diabetic patients were categorized by age, gender, race, and education. Insulin-only usage percentages were calculated annually, with statistical analyses conducted to identify trends and disparities across demographics. Data confidentiality was maintained, using de-identified information to ensure compliance with ethical standards.
Results: The analysis of insulin medication trends from 2000 to 2022 reveals significant changes in diabetes management. The analysis shows that the proportion of patients using pills only increased from 45.6% in 2000 to a peak of 52.7% in 2011, then slightly decreased to 49.5% in 2022. The proportion of patients using both insulin and pills increased from 11.2% in 2000, reached a peak of 16.8% in 2019, and then stabilized at 16.3% in 2022. Insulin-only usage decreased from 25.6% to around 17-18%, indicating a shift towards combination therapies. Age-specific trends show a decline in insulin-only use among older adults and variability among younger adults. Gender-specific trends reveal an initial decline in insulin-only use, with males generally showing higher percentages in later years. Race and education-specific trends indicate varying patterns, with higher insulin-only usage among Non-Hispanic Whites and those with higher education. These trends highlight evolving diabetes management practices influenced by advancements and socio-economic factors.
Conclusion: The 22-year analysis of insulin medication trends highlights a shift towards increased use of oral medications and combination therapies in diabetes management. Significant variations in insulin-only usage were observed across different demographics, including age, gender, race, and education level, reflecting evolving clinical practices, advancements in treatment options, and socio-economic influences on diabetes care.
Forest Clearance and Fragmentation for Charcoal Production: The Case of Bimbia Bonadikombo Forest, South West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Ndah Njoh Roland , Taku Julie , Lucha Celestine Fonyikeh-Bomboh 
Published: July 2024

The exploitation activities of man on natural resources have hardly been sustainable. This study examined the implication of charcoal production on the Bimbia Bonadikombo forest and it’s environ. The study employed both direct field observation and questionnaire administration for data gathering. Questionnaires were administered to charcoal producers and persons involved in charcoal related activities. Persons were selected using snowball technique. A total of 42 copies of questionnaires were administered to charcoal producers and related activities. Tree species used for charcoal production were noted and identified. The questionnaire was divided into five sections:(i), socio-demographic characteristics of charcoal producers, (ii), methods of charcoal production and species selected (iii), aspects influencing charcoal production and the implication on the ecosystem, (iv), seasonal trends and challenges faced (v) mitigation strategies used). Data collected were organized in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analyses. Pearson (ρ) correlation association was used for the relationship between variables of production and the demand of charcoal. The result revealed that, majority of the respondents, 78.57%, were males while females were least 21.43%. Majority of the respondents (54.76%) were between the ages of 31-46 while the least with ages > 47. Lophira alata 14 (35.71%) was the tree species ranked 1st while Irvingia gabonensis1 (2.38%) was the least and ranked 8th. The main aspect that influenced production was revenue generated 14 (33.33%) while weak institutions 2(4.76%) and crises situations 2(2(4.76%) were the least. Deforestation 12(28.57%) and habitats destruction 8(10.04%) were reported as the main effects caused by charcoal production. Production and the demand of charcoal variables showed a positive association (0.153±.361). The management strategies employed were: only matured trees were used for charcoal production, permanent charcoal pit kiln are dug out of forest canopy and only few tree species are used for charcoal production. For mitigation purposes used are: domestication, protecting wild charcoal trees in their farms and nurseries establishment. This study recommends that charcoal is a major source of energy and alternative source of energy when others failed or insufficient. Therefore, this source of energy can be enhanced to be more eco friendly and environmentally sustainable.
Effect of Different Organic Manures along with Microbial Consortia on Growth and Yield of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.)
Authors: Mounika S.B. , K. N. Srinivasappa , M. Venkatesha , Ali Syed 
Published: July 2024

Kalmegh has wide range of medicinal and pharmacological applications. The active ingredient andrographolide is important bioprotectant. Organically grown medicinal plants fetch premium price in the market. Hence the need to explore different manures along with microbial consortia to improve its yield is essential. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with thirteen treatments. Different organic manures and combinations with neem cake were taken as treatments with three replications. Significantly higher plant height was observed in treatment - 100% RDF through vermicompost. Maximum plant spread was recorded in the treatment - 50% RDF through FYM + 50% RDF through neem cake + microbial consortia. Application of sheep manure + neem cake resulted in higher number of branches plant-1, higher number of leaves plant-1, highest fresh weight, highest dry weight, highest root to shoot ratio, highest fresh herbage yield and highest B:C ratio. So, sheep manure + neem cake was found best compared to other manures and combinations.
Synaptic Structure Quantification in Cultured Neurons
Authors: Roqué Pamela J. , Guizzetti Marina , Costa Lucio G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBehavioral problems (e.g., learning and memory) following developmental exposure to toxicants suggests that dysregulation of the process of synapse formation and function may occur. The ability to assess these changes is thus of value. This unit describes a method to investigate toxicant‐induced changes to synaptic structure formation in primary hippocampal neurons using immunocytochemical labeling of the pre‐ and post‐synaptic markers synaptophysin and PSD‐95, confocal imaging, and three‐dimensional object analysis. Protocols for the long‐term culturing of primary hippocampal neurons and of primary cortical astrocytes, as well as their co‐culture, are included. While the described methods focus on how astrocytes influence synapse formation and how toxicants may interfere in this process, modifications to the experimental plan can easily be implemented. This would allow for the investigation of the effects of toxicants after treating neurons alone, or both astrocytes and neurons in co‐culture. With the common endpoint of synapse structure formation, differences between varying treatment paradigms can expand the understanding of the influence of particular toxicants on these diverse cell types and provide insight into potential mechanisms of effect and the contributions of each to synapse formation. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 60:12.22.1‐12.22.32. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Magnetopause reconnection and energy conversion as influenced by the dipole tilt and the IMF Bx
Authors: Hoilijoki Sanni , Souza Vitor M. , Walsh Brian M. , Janhunen Pekka , Palmroth Minna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study the effect of Earth's dipole tilt angle and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bx and By components on the location of reconnection and the energy conversion at the magnetopause. We simulate southward IMF satisfying both inward‐ and outward‐type Parker spiral conditions during three different dipole tilt angles using a global magnetohydrodynamic model GUMICS‐4. We find that positive (negative) Bx contributes to the magnetopause reconnection line location by moving northward (southward) and positive (negative) dipole tilt angle by moving it southward (northward). The tilt shifts the dayside load region toward the winter hemisphere and the summer cusp toward the equatorial plane. Magnetic flux hence piles effectively in the summer hemisphere leading to increased magnetopause currents that enhance the Poynting flux through the magnetopause. We find that the intensity of the energy conversion in the generators is strongly affected by the dipole tilt angle, whereas intensity in the load region is mainly affected by IMF Bx.
The long‐wavelength admittance and effective elastic thickness of the Canadian Shield
Authors: Kirby J. F. , Swain C. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe strength of the cratonic lithosphere has been controversial. On the one hand, many estimates of effective elastic thickness (Te) greatly exceed the crustal thickness, but on the other the great majority of cratonic earthquakes occur in the upper crust. This implies that the seismogenic thickness of cratons is much smaller than Te, whereas in the ocean basins they are approximately the same, leading to suspicions about the large Te estimates. One region where such estimates have been questioned is the Canadian Shield, where glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and mantle convection are thought to contribute to the long‐wavelength undulations of the topography and gravity. To date these have not been included in models used to estimate Te from topography and gravity which conventionally are based only on loading and flexure. Here we devise a theoretical expression for the free‐air (gravity/topography) admittance that includes the effects of GIA and convection as well as flexure and use it to estimate Te over the Canadian Shield. We use wavelet transforms for estimating the observed admittances, after showing that multitaper estimates, which have hitherto been popular for Te studies, have poor resolution at the long wavelengths where GIA and convection predominate, compared to wavelets. Our results suggest that Te over most of the shield exceeds 80 km, with a higher‐Te core near the southwest shore of Hudson Bay. This means that the lack of mantle earthquakes in this craton is simply due to its high strength compared to the applied stresses.
Carbonylierungen von Alkenen mit CO‐Alternativen
Authors: Wu Lipeng , Liu Qiang , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlkencarbonylierungen sind wichtige Prozesse für die Produktion von Groß‐ und Feinchemikalien. Heutzutage nutzen alle industriellen Carbonylierungsprozesse das hochtoxische und brennbare Gas Kohlenmonoxid, dessen Eigenschaften einen breiten Einsatz von Carbonylierungen in Industrie und Wissenschaft aber erschweren. Daher ist die Durchführung von Carbonylierungen ohne Verwendung von CO wünschenswert, auch unter den Gesichtspunkten der nachhaltigen Chemie. Obwohl über Alternativen zu Kohlenmonoxid schon seit 30 Jahren berichtet wurde, erweckte dieses Gebiet erst vor kurzem wieder ein größeres Interesse. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst Carbonylierungen von Alkenen mit unterschiedlichen Kohlenmonoxidalternativen zusammen.
A Metallic Room‐Temperature Oxide Ion Conductor
Authors: Heise Martin , Rasche Bertold , Isaeva Anna , Baranov Alexey I. , Ruck Michael , Schäfer Konrad , Pöttgen Rainer , Eufinger Jens‐Peter , Janek Jürgen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNanoparticles of Bi3Ir, obtained from a microwave‐assisted polyol process, activate molecular oxygen from air at room temperature and reversibly intercalate it as oxide ions. The closely related structures of Bi3Ir and Bi3IrOx (x≤2) were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and quantum‐chemical modeling. In the topochemically formed metallic suboxide, the intermetallic building units are fully preserved. Time‐ and temperature‐dependent monitoring of the oxygen uptake in an oxygen‐filled chamber shows that the activation energy for oxide diffusion (84 meV) is one order of magnitude smaller than that in any known material. Bi3IrOx is the first metallic oxide ion conductor and also the first that operates at room temperature.
Remote‐controlled peristaltic locomotion in free‐floating pnipam hydrogels
Authors: Gregory Jarod , Riasi M. Sadegh , Cannell Jonathan , Arora Hitesh , Yeghiazarian Lilit , Nistor Vasile 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPeristalsis‐driven locomotion, by nature of its flexibility and deformability, is a highly advantageous mechanism for mobility in soft materials and robots; however, utilization of this mechanism has been limited to restricted, frictional environments. (Seok et al., presented at 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Anchorage, AK May 3–8, 2010; Boxerbaum et al., Int J Robotics Res 2012, 31, 302; Boxerbaum et al., presented at 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, San Francisco, CA, 2011; Arora et al., J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 2009, 47, 5027). We have removed this limitation and expanded the use of peristaltic locomotion to open aqueous environments by remotely inducing peristalsis via spatially controlled volume phase transitions in thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. The resulting asymmetry causes steady, incremental linear displacement in the hydrogel's center of mass, thus producing directed, remote‐controlled locomotion. In our proof‐of‐principle system, we controlled the peristaltic locomotion of the hydrogels using a handheld laser to selectively induce volume phase transitions in the hydrogel. The PNIPAM hydrogels' energy absorbance capability was enhanced by incorporating the New Indocyanine Green laser dye (IR‐820) into the gel. The use of IR‐820 is likely to expand the application space for these hydrogels due to new opportunities for conjugation chemistry. (Prajapati et al., Molecular Imaging 2009, 8, 45; Fernandez‐Fernandez et al., Molecular Imaging 2011, 11, 1). Overall, such an approach increases the capability of both peristaltic locomotion as a mechanism for mobility in soft robots, and PNIPAM hydrogels as a biotechnological platform. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40927.