bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol decreases histological intestinal injury in a neonatal experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Huertos Soto Nerea , Gómez Cervantes Juan Manuel , Fernández Aceñero María Jesús , Soto Beauregard María del Carmen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease in neonates. Our group has developed an experimental model of NEC, with an effectiveness of 73%. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an innovative treatment for neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic pathologies due to its neuroprotective effect, as a potent anti-inflammatory and reducing oxidative stress substance.
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CBD on intestinal lesions in an experimental model of NEC.

Results
Mortality and intestinal histological damage was significantly lower in the CBD group compared to the rest (p<0.05), establishing CBD as a protective factor against the development of NEC (OR=0.0255; 95% CI=0.0015-0.4460). At IHQ level (TUNEL technique), a lower cell death rate was also observed in the CBD group compared to the VEH group (p<0.05).

Conclusions
In our experimental model, intraperitoneal CBD acts as a protective factor against NEC, resulting in less histological damage and a lower rate of intestinal cell death.
On the Einstein-de Haas effect in van der Waals microelectromechanical systems
Authors: Koliushenkov Maksim A. , Pyatakov Alexander P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The electric-field–induced gyromagnetic effect in antiferromagnetic 2D films, analogous to the classical Einstein-de Haas effect in ferromagnetic materials, is considered. It is shown that for the micrometer-sized flakes of antiferromagnetic van der Waals materials having a non-diagonal tensor of the magnetoelectric effect, the magnitude of the electrically induced Einstein-de Haas effect is sufficient to be detected with the conventional optical lever approach of an atomic force microscope.
Genome-wide Methylation Dynamics and Context-dependent Gene Expression Variability in Differentiating Preadipocytes
Authors: Yadav Binduma , Singh Dalwinder , Mantri Shrikant , Rishi Vikas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Obesity, characterized by the accumulation of excess fat, is a complex condition resulting from the combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent studies have found correspondence between DNA methylation and cell differentiation, suggesting a role of the former in cell fate determination. There is a lack of comprehensive understanding concerning the underpinnings of preadipocyte differentiation, specifically when cells are undergoing terminal differentiation (TD). To gain insight into dynamic genome-wide methylation, 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated by a hormone cocktail. The genomic DNA was isolated from undifferentiated cells and 4 hours, 2 days postdifferentiated cells, and 15 days TD cells. We employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to ascertain global genomic DNA methylation alterations at single base resolution as preadipocyte cells differentiate. The genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation showed similar overall patterns in pre-, post-, and terminally differentiated adipocytes, according to WGBS analysis. DNA methylation decreases at 4 hours after differentiation initiation, followed by methylation gain as cells approach TD. Studies revealed novel differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with adipogenesis. DMR analysis suggested that though DNA methylation is global, noticeable changes are observed at specific sites known as “hotspots.” Hotspots are genomic regions rich in transcription factor (TF) binding sites and exhibit methylation-dependent TF binding. Subsequent analysis indicated hotspots as part of DMRs. The gene expression profile of key adipogenic genes in differentiating adipocytes is context-dependent, as we found a direct and inverse relationship between promoter DNA methylation and gene expression.
Engines of the Future
Authors: Cheney-Lippold John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chess engines are suites of algorithms that evaluate game positions through prediction—they calculate billions of possible moves, dozens of steps into the future state of play. And over the past two decades, these algorithms have usurped humans as the principal arbiters of chess knowledge. Openings, tactics, and strategies are now all authenticated, and often dictated, by engine analysis, leading to new styles of play. This article uses the example of predictive chess engines to conceptualize an emergent temporal interplay between the future and the present. Drawing inspiration from historical metaphors of geology, this article proposes a topographical approach to temporal becoming. In this approach, engine predictions facilitate not preparations for some forecasted future state, but future-reliant calibrations of present activity, where second-by-second algorithmic futures are used to make second-by-second decisions.
Acute and Chronic Changes in Muscle Androgen Receptor Markers Are Not Associated with Muscle Hypertrophy in Women and Men
Authors: BERGAMASCO JOÃO G. A. , SCARPELLI MAÍRA C. , GODWIN JOSHUA S. , MESQUITA PAULO H. C. , CHAVES TALISSON S. , DA SILVA DEIVID G. , BITTENCOURT DIEGO , DIAS NATHALIA F. , MEDALHA JUNIOR RICARDO A. , CARELLO FILHO PAULO C. , ANGLERI VITOR , COSTA LUIZ A. R. , MICHEL J. MAX , VECHIN FELIPE C. , KAVAZIS ANDREAS N. , UGRINOWITSCH CARLOS , ROBERTS MICHAEL D. , LIBARDI CLEITON A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling have been regarded as a mechanism for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations between acute and chronic changes in skeletal muscle total AR, cytoplasmic AR (cAR), nuclear AR (nAR), and AR DNA-binding (AR-DNA) induced by resistance training (RT) and hypertrophy outcomes in women and men. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of RT on skeletal muscle total AR, cAR, and nAR contents and AR-DNA in women and men. In addition, we investigated whether these acute and chronic changes in these markers were associated with muscle hypertrophy in both sexes.

Methods
Nineteen women and 19 men underwent 10 wk of RT. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, 24 h after the first RT session, and 96 h after the last session. AR, cAR, and nAR were analyzed using Western blotting, and AR-DNA using an ELISA-oligonucleotide assay. Fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) was analyzed through immunohistochemistry and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) by ultrasound.

Results
At baseline, men demonstrated greater nAR than women. Baseline cAR was significantly associated with type II fCSA hypertrophy in men. Acutely, both sexes decreased AR and cAR, whereas men demonstrated greater decreases in nAR. After 10 wk of RT, AR, and nAR remained unchanged, men demonstrated greater cAR compared with women, and both sexes decreased AR-DNA activity. Acute and chronic changes in AR markers did not correlate with muscle hypertrophy (type I/II fCSA and mCSA) in women or men.

Conclusions
Baseline cAR content may influence hypertrophy in men, whereas neither RT-induced acute nor chronic changes in AR, cAR, nAR, and AR-DNA are associated with muscle hypertrophy in women or men.
Changes in Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers after a Combined Exercise Program in Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: SILVA FERNANDA M. , DUARTE-MENDES PEDRO , FERREIRA JOSÉ P. , CARVALHO EUGÉNIA , MONTEIRO DIOGO , MASSART ALAIN , FARINHA CARLOS , SOARES CARLOS M. , TEIXEIRA ANA M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We investigated the effects of a 16-wk combined exercise training on body composition, and metabolic and inflammatory markers in sedentary middle-aged workers. We also assessed whether alterations in metabolic markers were associated with changes in health-related outcomes.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial involved 46 participants randomly allocated into control and exercise groups. The exercise group performed 16-wk combined aerobic and resistance training for 75 min per session, 3 times a week. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 16-wk intervention to determine lipid profile, and metabolic and inflammatory markers as primary outcomes.

Results
A total of 36 participants completed the intervention (53.70 ± 6.92 yr old; n = 18 in each group). Waist circumference (interaction effect: F = 7.423, P = 0.002), fat mass (interaction effect: F = 5.070, P = 0.011), and muscle mass (interaction effect: F = 5.420, P = 0.007) were improved in the exercise group compared with the control group. Fasting glucose increased after the 16-wk follow-up (time effect: F = 73.253, P < 0.001), without an intergroup difference. Insulin levels were greater in the control compared with exercise group (group effect: F = 6.509, P = 0.015). The control group tended to increase the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (interaction effect: F = 3.493, P = 0.070) and to decrease the QUICKI index (interaction effect: F = 3.364, P = 0.075) to a greater extent compared with the exercise group. Exercise group reduced leptin (interaction effect: F = 11.175, P = 0.002) and adiponectin (interaction effect: F = 4.437, P = 0.043) concentrations in a greater magnitude than the control group. Interleukin (IL)-6 (time effect: F = 17.767, P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor α (time effect: F = 9.781, P = 0.004) concentrations decreased after the intervention, without an intergroup difference. IL-17A levels increased in the control compared with exercise group (interaction effect: F = 5.010, P = 0.033). Effects on adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-17A levels seem to depend on baseline body mass index, age, and sex. Percentage changes in leptin correlated positively with changes in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index in the exercise (r = 0.565, P = 0.015) and control (r = 0.670, P = 0.002) groups.

Conclusions
A combined training program can be an effective strategy to improve body composition and inflammatory markers and prevent marked reductions in insulin sensitivity among middle-aged workers.
Associations between nature connectedness and mental health – mediating effects of coping strategies.
Authors: Gawrych Magdalena 
Published: June 2024

Aim of the studyThe study aimed to clarify the relationships between experienced nature connectedness (NC) and depression, anxiety and stress levels with mediating role of coping strategies.Subject or material and methodsStudy group included 81 young adults (Mean = 28.02; SD 8.22) who completed questionnaires measuring nature connectedness, coping strategies, well-being, and mental illness. To verify whether the associations between connectedness to nature (measured by CNS) and mental health status (stress, anxiety and depression measured by DASS-21) are mediated by coping strategies parallel mediation analysis was employed. Following three coping strategies as mediators were tested: problem-focused coping strategy, emotion-focused coping strategy, avoidant-focused coping strategy.ResultsResults showed a significant mediation of the association between nature connectedness and mental health via coping strategies. The study indicated that: 1) NC was indirectly related to stress and depression through its relationship with the problem-focused coping; 2) NC was neither directly nor indirectly associated with anxiety symptoms.DiscussionThe health and wellbeing benefits of contact with nature are becoming increasingly recognized in psychology and medicine. Nevertheless, until now researchers haven't clearly recognized underlying mechanisms of nature-related mental health well-being. Presented study indicate one of the key pathways of associations.ConclusionsThe findings support thesis that nature connectedness seems to be a mental health protective factor.
Activation of the social capital of Poles and Britons for war refugees from Ukraine
Authors: Skrabacz Aleksandra , Bsoul-Kopowska Magdalena , Baylis Monika 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo present the attitudes, reactions and concerns of Polish and British societies towards refugees from Ukraine based on an analysis of the stock of social capital. The benchmark of Polish refugee activism was compared to British society. Its choice was justified by the fact of the UK's high political activity in the international arena in relation to Russian military aggression, as well as British support for the Ukrainian people.Material and methodsThe theoretical layer was based on analysis and synthesis and induction and deduction. The empirical layer used nationwide statistical data and the results of our own research, carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using the author's survey questionnaire on a randomly selected research sample of Poles and Britons. The research was conducted in late 2022 and early 2023 in Poland and the UK.ResultsThe multi-million pound influx of war refugees from Ukraine, observed from February 2022 onwards, has unexpectedly triggered huge amounts of social capital among Poles and Britons. Both societies became involved in helping people in need, although each society to a different extent. The Poles offered direct aid, first at the national border, then at home. The British supported the refugees financially and materially by offering assistance programmes. Both societies feared the conflict in Ukraine, feeling threats to their homeland, including fear, anger, irritation and anxiety.ConclusionsThe conducted research confirms the assumption that social capital has a direct impact on people's ability to organise themselves in emergencies to help those in need. The study confirmed, based on the data presented earlier on levels of social capital and civic involvement, that the indicators for the two societies are comparable.
The Role of Physical Activity in the Improvement of Well-being - the Case of University Staff
Authors: Szarek Stanisław , Bombiak Edyta , Wysokińska Aneta 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity of university staff members on their well-being and work performance. In the course of analyses, the author attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of well-being of the workforce.Material and methodsThe study was based on a diagnostic survey method employing a questionnaire.In the course of analyses, the authors attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of internal and external well-being of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities staff.ResultsThe analyses confirmed that the stimulation of physical activity in the workplace may benefit employee well-being on many levels. The results of the study demonstrated that physical activity has a positive impact on emotional, psychological, and social well-being of university staff, and that it augments the efficiency, focus, and creativity in the workplace. The research findings may be of importance to employees, employers, and decision-makers involved in the taking of decisions about health promotion programmes in the workplace. The study may contribute to the promotion of the concept of well-being, above all, in non-profit organizations, where new tendencies in human resource management are typically introduced later than they are in commercial organizationsConclusionsAgainst a backdrop of the conducted analyses, the emphasis on employee well-being needs to be viewed now as one of the best investments a modern organization may make. Creating an optimal environment in which employees can fulfil their potential is one of the key factors in the long-term effectiveness of an organisation. Healthy and fit staff mean an efficient organisation.
Evaluating predictions of the patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis in the human lower mixed and permanent dentition
Authors: Kenessey Dori E. , Stojanowski Christopher M. , Paul Kathleen S. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis has been studied extensively in a variety of organisms to elucidate the evolutionary history surrounding postcanine tooth form. The current research is the first to use a large modern human sample to examine whether the crown configuration of lower deciduous and permanent molars aligns with expectations derived from the model. This study has two main goals: 1) to determine if metameric and antimeric pairs significantly differ in size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp spacing, and 2) assess whether the relative distance among early-forming cusps accounts for observed variation in accessory cusp expression.

Methods
Tooth size, intercusp distance, and morphological trait expression data were collected from 3D scans of mandibular dental casts representing participants of the Harvard Solomon Islands Project. Paired tests were utilized to compare tooth size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp distance between diphyodont metameres and permanent antimeres. Proportional odds logistic regression was implemented to investigate how the odds of greater accessory cusp expression vary as a function of the distance between early-developing cusps.

Results/Significance
Comparing paired molars, significant differences were identified for tooth size and cusp 5 expression. Several relative intercusp distances emerged as important predictors of cusp 6 expression, however, results for cusp 5 and cusp 7 did not match expected patterns. These findings support previous quantitative genetic results and suggest the development of neighboring crown structures represents a zero-sum partitioning of cellular territory and resources. As such, this study contributes to a better understanding of the foundations of deciduous and permanent molar crown variation in humans.
PTPRD gene variant rs10739150: A potential game-changer in hypertension diagnosis
Authors: AL-Eitan Laith 
Published: June 2024

Background
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HTN), is a complicated disorder that is controlled by a complex network of physiological processes. Untreated hypertension is associated with increased death incidence, rise the need for understanding the genetic basis affecting hypertension susceptibility and development. The current study sought to identify the genetic association between twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within seven candidate genes (NOS3, NOS1AP, REN, PLA2G4A, TCF7L, ADRB1, and PTPRD)

Methods
The current study included 200 Jordanian individuals diagnosed with hypertension, compared to 224 healthy controls. Whole blood samples were drawn from each individual for DNA isolation and genotyping. The SNPStats tool was used to assess haplotype, genotype, and allele frequencies by the mean of chi-square (χ2).

Results
Except for rs10739150 of PTPRD (P = 0.0003), the genotypic and allelic distribution of the SNP was identical between patients and controls. The prevalence of the G/G genotype in healthy controls (45.5%) was lower than in hypertension patients (64.3%), suggesting that it might be a risk factor for the disease. PTPRD TTC genetic haplotypes were strongly linked with hypertension (P = 0.003, OR = 4.03).

Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of rs10739150 within the PTPRD gene in hypertension. This new knowledge could potentially transform the way we approach hypertension diagnosis, providing an accurate diagnostic tool for classifying individuals who are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Hapsari Rebriarina , Kesumayadi Irfan , Sari Desvita , Anjarwati Dwi Utami , Alfiyuliani Nesia Hani , Mujahidah Mujahidah , Sari Iva Puspita , Hadi Purnomo 
Published: June 2024

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), experienced a surge in cases with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Despite increasing vaccination coverage, Indonesia witnessed peaks in COVID-19 cases. Variant screening and whole genome sequencing (WGS) play a crucial role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants and monitoring their spread.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare variant screening results with WGS data, assess the prevalence of subvariants, and analyze their correlation with demographic and cycle threshold (CT) values.Methods: Between November 7th and 18th, 2022, variant screening and WGS were conducted on samples with CT values below 30. Variant screening utilized the mBioCov-19+ VarScreen assay, while WGS was performed on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using epi2melabs. Demographic data and CT values were analyzed. Results: Out of 89 subjects, all tested positive for the Omicron variant through variant screening. The variant screening identified two subvariants: Omicron BA.2 (64%) and Omicron B.1.1.529.1 (36%). WGS revealed that the XBB subvariant was the most dominant (52.8%), followed by BQ.1 (22.5%) and BA.5 (13.5%). When VarScreen indicated BA.2, the majority of WGS results showed XBB (82.5%), while for B.1.1.529.1, the majority of WGS results were BQ.1 (59.4%), followed by BA.5 (37.5%). XBB was the most prevalent variant in both females and males, while BQ.1 was more dominant in females (80%). No infections were detected among children aged 1-5 years. All variants had CT values below 24.Conclusion: Variant screening provides accurate and quick results for detecting the Omicron variant in laboratories without WGS capacity. However, it is important to continuously update the screening methodology based on the prevailing circulating variants. During the study period, XBB emerged as the predominant subvariant of the Omicron variant.
Coexistence of hereditary spherocytosis with SPTB P.Trp1150 gene variant and Gilbert syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chi Changwei , Wu Shenghao , Zhou Wenjin , Hu Yingying , Lu Yanwei , Weng Shanshan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A congenital protein anomaly in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton causes a hereditary haemolytic illness known as hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The primary characteristic of HS is an increase in the number of tiny spherical red blood cells in the peripheral blood. The chief clinical features of HS include anaemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, spherical erythrocytosis in the blood, chronic anaemia with haemolysis, and recurrent acute attacks. Most patients have a family history; some have autosomal recessive inheritance, whereas most have autosomal dominant inheritance. In cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia disproportionate to haemolysis, other causes of hyperbilirubinemia should be considered. Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant illness caused by the reduced activity of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase lAl and is characterised by intermittent hyperbilirubinemia without any other signs or symptoms of liver disease. The possibility of the coexistence of HS and GS is very limited. Here we present the case of an elderly man with yellow skin and sclera recurring anaemia, and a final diagnosis of coexisting HS and GS.