bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoimmunoassay to Detect Responses in Head and Neck Cancer: Feasibility in a Mouse Model
Authors: Hubbard Matthew A. , Khalil Ashraf A. , Schoeff Stephen S. , Allak Amir , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Maxwell Anne K. , Adejumo Oluwayemisi , Mendez Rolando E. , Jameson Mark J. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and quantifying extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation status using nanoimmunoassay (NIA).Study DesignAnalyses using Cal27, SCC25, and OSC19 head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in a murine xenograft model.Subjects and MethodsNIA and immunoblot were performed on whole‐cell lysates, tumor lysates, and fine‐needle aspirate biopsies to detect ERK phosphorylation states.ResultsUsing NIA, all 6 isoforms of ERK1/2, including nonphosphorylated, monophosphorylated, and diphosphorylated species, could be reliably detected, distinguished, and quantified in a single assay using a single antibody. In vitro treatment of Cal27 cells with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib abolished phospho‐ERK detection by immunoblot but resulted in residual detectable species by NIA. Residual phospho‐ERK in gefitinib‐treated cells could be further reduced by the addition of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor inhibitor OSI‐906; this correlated with an additional decrease in proliferation over gefitinib alone. In a pilot study of 4 murine xenograft tumors, NIA performed on tumor lysates and fine‐needle aspirate biopsies demonstrated altered ERK profiles after 2 days of gefitinib treatment compared with untreated mice.ConclusionNIA offers a novel approach to quantitating the activation state of signaling molecules such as ERK in nanoscale in vitro and in vivo samples across a wide dynamic range. As such, it has potential to provide molecular diagnostic information before, during, and after treatment using a minimally invasive technique. Further study is warranted to determine its utility in assessing signaling proteins as biomolecular outcome predictors in clinical trials.
Nasogastric tube insertion followed by intravenous and oral erythromycin in refractory nausea and vomiting secondary to paraneoplastic gastroparesis: A case report
Authors: Franco Michael , Koulaeva Eugenia 
Published: April 2014

Background: Gastroparesis is an under-recognised cause of refractory nausea and vomiting in patients with malignancy. The most common aetiologies are paraneoplastic and postsurgical dysmotility. There are little data on the efficacy of treatment to direct the management of patients with this symptom. We present a case and brief summary of current literature. Case presentation: We present the case of a 72-year-old patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas with dehydration and renal impairment secondary to nausea and vomiting. Replacement of duodenal stent, gastroscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram and gastric motility studies revealed gastroparesis rather than mechanical obstruction. Case management: The patient was transferred to an inpatient palliative care unit for symptom management where a nasogastric tube was inserted, followed by intravenous erythromycin with excellent improvement in symptoms and oral intake. He was switched to oral erythromycin with ongoing effect. Case outcome: With stabilisation of symptoms and renal function, the patient was able to be discharged with maintenance of good symptomatic control. Conclusions: Further research is needed into the management of gastroparesis in palliative care patients. In particular, we suggest that initial drainage with a nasogastric tube followed by a course of erythromycin warrants further study.
Helping pharmacists to reduce fall risk in long-term care
Authors: Rojas-Fernandez Carlos H. , Seymour Nicole , Brown Susan G. 
Published: April 2014

Background: One-third to one-half of adults older than 65 fall at least once per year. Fall prevention through medication management requires little effort and has consistently been shown to reduce risk of falls. The objective of this study was to further develop and perform preliminary pilot testing of an algorithm designed to assist consultant pharmacists in systematically identifying medications that might be modifiable, in order to reduce the risk of falls in older adults. We hypothesized that algorithm use would increase the number of fall-related medication change recommendations made to physicians. Methods: Four consultant pharmacists were trained to use the algorithm during their routine medication reviews over a 3-week period. An informal survey was administered at the end of the study period to assess the algorithm. Results: Overall, 51% of residents of long-term facilities had 1 or more recommendations for medication changes related to reducing fall risk (range 0-3 recommendations per resident), with an average 0.675 recommendations made per resident. There were more recommendations for men compared with women and for residents receiving more medications, but the number of recommendations did not correspond with age. All 4 pharmacists agreed that the algorithm was useful and worthwhile. Discussion: The absolute 20% increase in recommendations related to falls supports the study hypothesis. Time was cited as a barrier to using the algorithm, but this should decrease with continued use of this tool. Conclusion: This preliminary study furthered the development of and confirmed the possible utility and acceptability of a fall risk–reducing algorithm that may be used in practice.
A Novel Algorithm for Prediction and Detection of Hypoglycemia Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Frystyk Jan , Hejlesen Ole K. , Tarnow Lise , Fleischer Jesper 
Published: April 2014

Background: Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Early detection and prediction of hypoglycemia may improve treatment and avoidance of serious complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has previously been used for detection of hypoglycemia, but with a modest accuracy. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether a novel algorithm that adds information of the complex dynamic/pattern of heart rate variability (HRV) could improve the accuracy of hypoglycemia as detected by a CGM device. Methods: Data from 10 patients with type 1 diabetes studied during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained. Blood glucose samples were used as reference. HRV patterns and CGM data were combined in a mathematical prediction algorithm. Detection of hypoglycemic periods, performed by the algorithm, was treated as a pattern recognition problem and features/patterns derived from HRV and CGM prior to each blood glucose sample were used to decide if that particular point in time was below the hypoglycemic threshold of 3.9 mmol/L. Results: A total of 903 samples were analyzed by the novel algorithm, which yielded a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 99%. The algorithm was able to detect 16/16 hypoglycemic events with no false positives and had a lead time of 22 minutes as compared to the CGM device. Conclusions: Detection accuracy and lead time were significantly improved by the novel algorithm compared to that of CGM alone.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Knotless Barbed Suture Repair in a Human Achilles Tendon Rupture Model
Authors: Kanz Brian N. , Morris Randal P. , Lewis Taylor , Panchbhavi Vinod K. 
Published: April 2014

Background. Knotless barbed sutures are seeing more common use in wound closures and small tendon repairs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength and resistance to gap formation of these sutures in larger tendons, such as the Achilles, compared with conventional repair. Methods. Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaver Achilles tendons were transected to simulate a rupture. Six tendons were repaired using a double Bunnell over-the-top technique with Fiberwire, and the matched pairs were repaired using a double Bunnell knotless technique with barbed suture. The tendons were tested to failure and stiffness, peak failure load, percentage elongation, load at initial gap and load at 5-mm gap (clinical failure) were compared. Results. The mean peak failure load for the Fiberwire group (459 N) was significantly higher ( P = .029) compared with the barbed suture group (184 N). Percentage elongation at peak load was significantly lower in the barbed suture group ( P = .014), as was percentage elongation at initial gapping ( P = .007) and percent elongation at 5 mm of gapping ( P = .004). Conclusion. While the knotless barbed suture is attractive for its design and resistance to gap formation, low failure loads compared with conventional suture are concerning for large tendon repairs. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Bench testing
Hybridization of poly(rI) with poly(rC) adsorbed to the carbon nanotube surface
Authors: Karachevtsev Maksym V , Gladchenko Galyna O , Leontiev Victor S , Karachevtsev Victor A 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hybridization of homopolynucleotide poly(rC) adsorbed to the carbon nanotube surface with poly(rI) free in solution has been studied by absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics method. It was found that hybridization on the nanotube surface has a slow kinetics, the behavior of which differs essentially from fast hybridization of free polymers. The duplex obtained is characterized with the reduced thermostability and a lower hyperchromic coefficient than it was observed when the duplex was formed in the absence of the nanotube. These features point to the imperfectness in the structure of the duplex hybridized on the nanotube surface. Computer simulation showed that the strong interaction of nitrogen bases with the nanotube surface weakens significantly hybridization of two complementary oligomers, as the surface prevents the necessary conformational mobility of the polymer to be hybridized.
Outcomes of pregnant patients with low back pain undergoing chiropractic treatment: a prospective cohort study with short term, medium term and 1 year follow-up
Authors: Peterson Cynthia K , Mühlemann Daniel , Humphreys Barry Kim 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Low back pain in pregnancy is common and research evidence on the response to chiropractic treatment is limited. The purposes of this study are 1) to report outcomes in pregnant patients receiving chiropractic treatment; 2) to compare outcomes from subgroups; 3) to assess predictors of outcome.

Methods
Pregnant patients with low back or pelvic pain, no contraindications to manipulative therapy and no manual therapy in the prior 3 months were recruited.
Baseline numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry questionnaire data were collected. Duration of complaint, number of previous LBP episodes, LBP during a previous pregnancy, and category of pain location were recorded.
The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) (primary outcome), NRS, and Oswestry data (secondary outcomes) were collected at 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the first treatment. At 6 months and 1 year the PGIC and NRS scores were collected. PGIC responses of ‘better’ or ‘much better’ were categorized as ‘improved’.
The proportion of patients ‘improved’ at each time point was calculated. Chi-squared test compared subgroups with ‘improvement’. Baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores were compared using the paired t-test. The unpaired t-test compared NRS and Oswestry scores in patients with and without a history of LBP and with and without LBP during a previous pregnancy. Anova compared baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores by pain location category and category of number of previous LBP episodes. Logistic regression analysis also was also performed.

Results
52% of 115 recruited patients ‘improved’ at 1 week, 70% at 1 month, 85% at 3 months, 90% at 6 months and 88% at 1 year. There were significant reductions in NRS and Oswestry scores (p < 0.0005). Category of previous LBP episodes number at one year (p = 0.02) was related to ,improvement’ when analyzed alone, but was not strongly predictive in logistic regression. Patients with more prior LBP episodes had higher 1 year NRS scores (p = 0.013).

Conclusions
Most pregnant patients undergoing chiropractic treatment reported clinically relevant improvement at all time points. No single variable was strongly predictive of, improvement’ in the logistic regression model.
Segmentation of four-dimensional, X-ray computed tomography data
Authors: Gibbs John W , Voorhees Peter W 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe rapidly improving temporal resolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging methods makes it ever easier to do in-situ, time-resolved (4D) experiments. This work describes a method of segmenting 4D X-ray CT data that works well for extracting information on the interfacial properties, such as interfacial curvature and velocity. As an example of this method, a segmentation is performed on data from an isothermal coarsening experiment of an Al-Cu solid/liquid mixture.
Intraarterial transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is more efficacious and safer compared with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a rodent stroke model
Authors: Karlupia Neha , Manley Nathan C , Prasad Kameshwar , Schäfer Richard , Steinberg Gary K 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, claims six lives every 60 seconds, and is a leading cause of adult disability across the globe. Tissue plasminogen activator, the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug currently available, has a narrow therapeutic time window of less than 5 hours. In the past decade, cells derived from the human umbilical cord (HUC) have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for stroke; however, the most effective HUC-derived cell population remains unknown.

Methods
We compared three cell populations derived from the human umbilical cord: cord blood mononuclear cells (cbMNCs); cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (cbMSCs), a subpopulation of cbMNCs; and cord matrix MSCs (cmMSCs). We characterized these cells in vitro with flow cytometry and assessed the cells’ in vivo efficacy in a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model of stroke. cbMNCs, cbMSCs, and cmMSCs were each transplanted intraarterially at 24 hours after stroke.

Results
A reduction in neurologic deficit and infarct area was observed in all three cell groups; however, this reduction was significantly enhanced in the cbMNC group compared with the cmMSC group. At 2 weeks after stroke, human nuclei-positive cells were present in the ischemic hemispheres of immunocompetent stroke rats in all three cell groups. Significantly decreased expression of rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA was observed in the ischemic hemispheres of all three cell-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group animals compared with sham animals, although the decrease was least in cbMNC-treated animals. Significantly decreased expression of rat interleukin (IL)-2 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA was seen only in the cbMSC group. Notably, more severe complications (death, eye inflammation) were observed in the cmMSC group compared with the cbMNC and cbMSC groups.

Conclusions
All three tested cell types promoted recovery after stroke, but cbMNCs showed enhanced recovery and fewer complications compared with cmMSCs.
Is borderline personality disorder a mood
disorder?
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBorderline personality disorder is by its very naming positioned as an Axis
II personality disorder and thus seemingly distinct from an Axis I mood
state. Clinical differentiation of those with a borderline condition and
those with a bipolar disorder is commonly held to be difficult, so raising
the question as to whether they may be independent or interdependent
conditions, and allowing several possible answers.
Confidence in the face of risk: the Risk Assessment and Management Self-Efficacy Study (RAMSES)
Authors: Delgadillo Jaime , Moreea Omar , Outhwaite-Luke Hannah , Dace Toby , Nicholls Brenda , Ramseyer Georgina , Dale Veronica 
Published: April 2014

Aims and methodTo evaluate a comprehensive risk management programme. A Risk Assessment and Management Self-Efficacy Scale (RAMSES) was used to evaluate the impact of a clinical guideline and training course. Fifty-three psychological therapists were randomly allocated to training v. waiting list in a controlled, delayed-intervention design. Differences in mean self-efficacy scores between groups were examined using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsThe RAMSES measure had adequate factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity. When adjusting for baseline scores and cluster design, the group exposed to training had a higher mean self-efficacy score than controls. Mean differences between groups were not significant after the control group received training, nor at 6 months' follow-up.Clinical implicationsExposure to training and clinical guidelines can improve self-efficacy in risk assessment and management. An important advance put forward by this study is the specification of areas of competence in risk assessment and management, which can be measured using a psychometrically sound tool.
Should psychology be ‘positive’? Letting the philosophers speak: Commentary on … Hope, optimism and delusion
Authors: Oyebode Femi 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis is a brief commentary on the value of optimism in therapy. It draws on the philosophical writings of Schopenhauer and Aristotle. It suggests that the modern preoccupation with optimism may be as extreme as the bleak pessimistic outlook favoured by Schopenhauer.
Confirmation of the Mantle-Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index in Randomized Trials of the European Mantle-Cell Lymphoma Network
Authors: Hoster Eva , Klapper Wolfram , Hermine Olivier , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Walewski Jan , van Hoof Achiel , Trneny Marek , Geisler Christian H. , Di Raimondo Francesco , Szymczyk Michal , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Thieblemont Catherine , Hallek Michael , Forstpointner Roswitha , Pott Christiane , Ribrag Vincent , Doorduijn Jeanette , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Dreyling Martin H. , Unterhalt Michael 
Published: April 2014

PurposeMantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct B-cell lymphoma associated with poor outcome. In 2008, the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was developed as the first prognostic stratification tool specifically directed to patients with MCL. External validation was planned to be performed on the cohort of the two recently completed randomized trials of the European MCL Network.Patients and MethodsData of 958 patients with MCL (median age, 65 years; range, 32 to 87 years) treated upfront in the trials MCL Younger or MCL Elderly were pooled to assess the prognostic value of MIPI with respect to overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF).ResultsFive-year OS rates in MIPI low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 83%, 63%, and 34%, respectively. The hazard ratios for OS of intermediate versus low and high versus intermediate risk patients were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.9) and 2.6 (2.0 to 3.3), respectively. MIPI was similarly prognostic for TTF. All four clinical baseline characteristics constituting the MIPI, age, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase level, and WBC count, were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for OS and TTF. The validity of MIPI was independent of trial cohort and treatment strategy.ConclusionMIPI was prospectively validated in a large MCL patient cohort homogenously treated according to recognized standards. As reflected in current guidelines, MIPI represents a generally applicable prognostic tool to be used in research as well as in clinical routine, and it can help to develop risk-adapted treatment strategies to further improve clinical outcome in MCL.
Later Stage at Diagnosis and Worse Survival in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Among Men Living Alone: A Nationwide Population-Based Study From Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Hanna , Lyth Johan , Månsson-Brahme Eva , Frohm-Nilsson Margareta , Ingvar Christian , Lindholm Christer , Naredi Peter , Stierner Ulrika , Carstensen John , Hansson Johan 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To investigate the association between cohabitation status, clinical stage at diagnosis, and disease-specific survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Methods This nationwide population-based study included 27,235 patients from the Swedish Melanoma Register diagnosed with a primary invasive CMM between 1990 and 2007 and linked data to nationwide, population-based registers followed up through 2012. Results After adjustment for age at diagnosis, level of education, living area, period of diagnosis, and tumor site, the odds ratios (ORs) of higher stage at diagnosis were significantly increased among men living alone versus men living with a partner (stage II v stage I: OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.57; stage III or IV v stage I: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.79). The OR for stage II versus stage I disease was also increased among women living alone (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.28). After adjustments for the factors listed earlier, the CMM-specific survival was significantly decreased among men living alone (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.65; P < .001). After additional adjustments for all potential and established prognostic factors, CMM-specific survival among men living alone versus men living with a partner remained significantly decreased (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.46; P < .001), suggesting a residual adverse effect on survival not accounted for by these parameters. Conclusion In all age groups among men, living alone is significantly associated with reduced CMM-specific survival, partially attributed to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. This emphasizes the need for improved prevention and early detection strategies for this group.
Single-stage revision for fungal peri-prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Klatte T. O. , Kendoff D. , Kamath A. F. , Jonen V. , Rueger J. M. , Frommelt L. , Gebauer M. , Gehrke T. 
Published: April 2014

Fungal peri-prosthetic infections of the knee and hip are rare but likely to result in devastating complications. In this study we evaluated the results of their management using a single-stage exchange technique. Between 2001 and 2011, 14 patients (ten hips, four knees) were treated for a peri-prosthetic fungal infection. One patient was excluded because revision surgery was not possible owing to a large acetabular defect. One patient developed a further infection two months post-operatively and was excluded from the analysis. Two patients died of unrelated causes. After a mean of seven years (3 to 11) a total of ten patients were available for follow-up. One patient, undergoing revision replacement of the hip, had a post-operative dislocation. Another patient, undergoing revision replacement of the knee, developed a wound infection and required revision 29 months post-operatively following a peri-prosthetic femoral fracture. The mean Harris hip score increased to 74 points (63 to 84; p < 0.02) in those undergoing revision replacement of the hip, and the mean Hospital for Special Surgery knee score increased to 75 points (70 to 80; p < 0.01) in those undergoing revision replacement of the knee. A single-stage revision following fungal peri-prosthetic infection is feasible, with an acceptable rate of a satisfactory outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:492–6.