bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in Size Traits of Sunshine Bass Larvae from Different Male Striped Bass
Authors: Lochmann S E , Goodwin K J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We examined the amount of variability in size at hatch and size at yolk absorption among sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis) due to sire effects. Eggs from a female White Bass were separated into four aliquots. Each aliquot was fertilized by sperm from a different male Striped Bass. Single fertilized eggs were place in 6-mL vials and incubated at 18°C. Eggs were examined every 6 h until the first eggs hatched and every 3 h thereafter. Approximately 50–100 yolk sac larvae were removed from the vials at hatching, photographed, and returned live to the vials when possible. At 5 d posthatch (dph), the remaining larvae were photographed and enumerated. Standard lengths of larvae at hatch and at 5 dph were estimated from photographs. Growth (i.e., increase in length) during the endogenous larval stage was calculated for a subset of individuals photographed at both times. This process was repeated in two subsequent trials. There were significant sire effects for size at hatch (P = 0.003), size at 5 dph (P &lt; 0.001), and growth (P &lt; 0.001). The sire effect explained 3.0–39.0% of the variability in these size traits. Genetic selection for favorable size traits at early life stages among both parent species could lead to larger sunshine bass larvae at yolk absorption and eliminate the need for rotifers at first feeding. Rapid growth at early life stages may be an indicator of rapid growth at later life stages. Efforts to select for rapid growth at several life stages could enhance multiple aspects of the hybrid Striped Bass industry.
Efficacy of Iodine for Disinfection of Lake Sturgeon Eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York
Authors: Chalupnicki Marc , Dittman Dawn , Starliper Clifford E , Iwanowicz Deborah D 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Optimal fish husbandry to reduce the risk of disease is particularly important when using wild fish as the source for gametes. The propagation and reestablishment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in New York waters to become a viable self-sustaining population is considered a high priority by managers. While standard hatchery egg disinfection practices have been used to prevent the transmission of diseases, data on the bacterial loads present on egg surfaces following iodine disinfection is lacking. Our study investigated the bacteria present on the outer surface of Lake Sturgeon eggs and the effectiveness of an iodine disinfection treatment in eliminating bacteria that could pose a threat to egg survival and cause hatchery disease outbreaks. During the springs of 2011–2013, 12 to 41 different species of bacteria were recovered from the outer egg surfaces prior to an iodine treatment; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Chryseobacterium were the most common genera identified. Cohort eggs treated using the standard protocol of a single treatment of 50 mg/L iodine for 30 min resulted in an average of 57.8% reduction in bacterial CFU/g. While this is a significant reduction, bacteria were not completely eliminated and hatchery managers should be aware that pathogens could remain on Lake Sturgeon eggs following the standard iodine disinfection treatment.
Iranian bilinguals’ reverse code-switching: an implicit quest for power?
Authors: Ghahari Shima 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPositioned within the discipline of sociocultural linguistics, this study redefines the concept of code-switching (CS) by focusing on switches to L2 within one’s mainstream speech in L1-a phenomenon called reverse code-switching (RCS). It further studies the role that age, educational background, second language proficiency (SLP), and familiarity with second language culture (FSLC) factors play on these perceptions. Applying a mixed-method approach, a researcher-made instrument was validated through Rasch modeling and exploratory factorial analyses, and the results were computed through a multivariate regression. The older and less educated the audiences, the more they labeled RCS as a symbolic resource. The younger generation and the more educated considered it more as a metaphorical switch. Socially negative attitudes were negatively correlated with SLP, but statistically unaffected by FSLC. The study concludes with a discussion of the results and a body of implications for future research.
Stability of subsea pipelines during large storms
Authors: Draper Scott , An Hongwei , Cheng Liang , White David J. , Griffiths Terry 
Published: December 2014

On-bottom stability design of subsea pipelines transporting hydrocarbons is important to ensure safety and reliability but is challenging to achieve in the onerous metocean (meteorological and oceanographic) conditions typical of large storms (such as tropical cyclones, hurricanes or typhoons). This challenge is increased by the fact that industry design guidelines presently give no guidance on how to incorporate the potential benefits of seabed mobility, which can lead to lowering and self-burial of the pipeline on a sandy seabed. In this paper, we demonstrate recent advances in experimental modelling of pipeline scour and present results investigating how pipeline stability can change in a large storm. An emphasis is placed on the initial development of the storm, where scour is inevitable on an erodible bed as the storm velocities build up to peak conditions. During this initial development, we compare the rate at which peak near-bed velocities increase in a large storm (typically less than 10
−3
m s
−2
) to the rate at which a pipeline scours and subsequently lowers (which is dependent not only on the storm velocities, but also on the mechanism of lowering and the pipeline properties). We show that the relative magnitude of these rates influences pipeline embedment during a storm and the stability of the pipeline.
Tissue-specific cancer paradox and mutation rates
Authors: Agoni Valentina 
Published: December 2014

Some genes have ubiquitous expression patterns in an individual’s cells, thus a paradox exists whereby mutations in such genes are only strongly associated with cancers of specific tissues. As these genes are ubiquitously expressed in the body’s cells and thereby have functions in -potentially- all tissue types, then surely their resulting defects would manifest as cancers in all tissues?We hypothesize that the different susceptibility to mutations could explain the ‘tissue-specific’ paradox for cancer.
Genome-Based Metabolic Mapping and 13C Flux Analysis Reveal Systematic Properties of an Oleaginous Microalga Chlorella protothecoides
Authors: Wu Chao , Xiong Wei , Dai Junbiao , Wu Qingyu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Integrated and genome-based flux balance analysis, metabolomics, and 13C-label profiling of phototrophic and heterotrophic metabolism in Chlorella protothecoides, an oleaginous green alga for biofuel. The green alga Chlorella protothecoides, capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth with rapid lipid synthesis, is a promising candidate for biofuel production. Based on the newly available genome knowledge of the alga, we reconstructed the compartmentalized metabolic network consisting of 272 metabolic reactions, 270 enzymes, and 461 encoding genes and simulated the growth in different cultivation conditions with flux balance analysis. Phenotype-phase plane analysis shows conditions achieving theoretical maximum of the biomass and corresponding fatty acid-producing rate for phototrophic cells (the ratio of photon uptake rate to CO2 uptake rate equals 8.4) and heterotrophic ones (the glucose uptake rate to O2 consumption rate reaches 2.4), respectively. Isotope-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry reveals higher metabolite concentrations in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in heterotrophic cells compared with autotrophic cells. We also observed enhanced levels of ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), reduced, acetyl-Coenzyme A, and malonyl-Coenzyme A in heterotrophic cells consistently, consistent with a strong activity of lipid synthesis. To profile the flux map in experimental conditions, we applied nonstationary 13C metabolic flux analysis as a complementing strategy to flux balance analysis. The result reveals negligible photorespiratory fluxes and a metabolically low active tricarboxylic acid cycle in phototrophic C. protothecoides. In comparison, high throughput of amphibolic reactions and the tricarboxylic acid cycle with no glyoxylate shunt activities were measured for heterotrophic cells. Taken together, the metabolic network modeling assisted by experimental metabolomics and 13C labeling better our understanding on global metabolism of oleaginous alga, paving the way to the systematic engineering of the microalga for biofuel production.
The Buen Vivir: A Policy to Survive the Anthropocene?
Authors: Calisto Friant Martin , Langmore John 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article examines the ideology and the politics of buen vivir as the government of Rafael Correa in Ecuador has implemented them from 2007 to 2013. The analysis focuses on the implications of this model, which is based on a traditional Andean world view. The article first explores the main components of buen vivir including its focus on strengthening democratic participation and environmental justice. Second, the implementation of this ideology is analysed through a review of the new constitution and government policies. Third, key outcomes are assessed through various social and economic indicators. Fourth, a critical approach to the government's interpretation of buen vivir is taken and the many contradictions and inconsistencies in its implementation are unfolded. Nevertheless, the policies of buen vivir have the potential to create innovative and inspiring solutions, especially in the face of the environmental and social challenges brought by the anthropocene.
Hypoxia disrupts proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fawcett Emily M. , Hoyt Jill M. , Johnson Jenna K. , Miller Dana L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryOxygen is fundamentally important for cell metabolism, and as a consequence, O2 deprivation (hypoxia) can impair many essential physiological processes. Here, we show that an active response to hypoxia disrupts cellular proteostasis – the coordination of protein synthesis, quality control, and degradation that maintains the functionality of the proteome. We have discovered that specific hypoxic conditions enhance the aggregation and toxicity of aggregation‐prone proteins that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Our data indicate this is an active response to hypoxia, rather than a passive consequence of energy limitation. This response to hypoxia is partially antagonized by the conserved hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor, hif‐1. We further demonstrate that exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects animals from hypoxia‐induced disruption of proteostasis. H2S has been shown to protect against hypoxic damage in mammals and extends lifespan in nematodes. Remarkably, our data also show that H2S can reverse detrimental effects of hypoxia on proteostasis. Our data indicate that the protective effects of H2S in hypoxia are mechanistically distinct from the effect of H2S to increase lifespan and thermotolerance, suggesting that control of proteostasis and aging can be dissociated. Together, our studies reveal a novel effect of the hypoxia response in animals and provide a foundation to understand how the integrated proteostasis network is integrated with this stress response pathway.
Relationship of Impaired‐Driving Enforcement Intensity to Drinking and Driving on the Roads
Authors: Fell James C. , Waehrer Geetha , Voas Robert B. , Auld‐Owens Amy , Carr Katherine , Pell Karen 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundIt is principally the area of enforcement that offers the greatest opportunity for reducing alcohol‐impaired driving in the near future. How much of a reduction in drinking and driving would be achieved by how much improvement in enforcement intensity?MethodsWe developed logistic regression models to explore how enforcement intensity (6 different measures) related to the prevalence of weekend nighttime drivers in the 2007 National Roadside Survey who had been drinking (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥ 0.00 g/dl), who had BACs ≥ 0.05 g/dl, and who were driving with an illegal BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dl.ResultsDrivers on the roads in our sample of 30 communities who were exposed to fewer than 228 traffic stops per 10,000 population aged 18 and older had 2.4 times the odds of being BAC positive, 3.6 times the odds of driving with a BAC ≥ 0.05, and 3.8 times the odds of driving with a BAC ≥ 0.08 compared to those drivers on the roads in communities with more than 1,275 traffic stops per 10,000 population. Drivers on the roads in communities with fewer than 3.7 driving under the influence (DUI) arrests per 10,000 population had 2.7 times the odds of BAC‐positive drivers on the roads compared to communities with the highest intensity of DUI arrest activity (>38 DUI arrests per 10,000 population).ConclusionsThe number of traffic stops and DUI arrests per capita were significantly associated with the odds of drinking and driving on the roads in these communities. This might reflect traffic enforcement visibility. The findings in this study may help law enforcement agencies around the country adjust their traffic enforcement intensity to reduce impaired driving in their community.
Exposure to Alcohol Outlets in Rural Towns
Authors: Morrison Christopher 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundLower‐income populations are exposed to excess risks related to the presence of greater concentrations of alcohol outlets in their communities. Theory from economic geography suggests this is due to dynamic processes that shape urban retail markets (as outlets are attracted to areas of higher population density due to the increased demand but are excluded from higher‐income areas due to land and structure rents). This mechanism may explain increased exposure to alcohol outlets for lower‐income populations in rural areas. This study tests the hypothesis that the distribution of outlets between rural towns will reflect these market dynamics, such that outlets are concentrated in towns with (i) greater resident and temporary populations, (ii) with lower income, and (iii) which are adjacent to towns with higher income.MethodBayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson models examined counts of bars, restaurants, and off‐premise outlets within 353 discrete towns of rural Victoria, Australia (mean population = 4,236.0, SD = 15,754.1). Independent variables were each town's total resident population, net changes to population (due to commuter flow, visitors, and the flow of local residents to other towns [spatial interaction]), and income for the local and adjacent towns.ResultsLower local income and increased income in adjacent towns were associated with more outlets of all types. Greater resident populations and greater net population due to commuters also predicted greater numbers of all outlets. Bars and restaurants were positively related to greater net population due to visitors and negatively related to spatial interaction.ConclusionsThe economic geographic processes that lead to greater concentrations of alcohol outlets in lower‐income areas are common to all retail markets. Lower‐income populations are exposed to increased risk associated with the presence of additional outlets that service demand from nonresidents. In rural areas, these processes appear to operate between discrete towns.
Efficacy of a smoking prevention programme in Catalan secondary schools: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Spain
Authors: Valdivieso López Empar , Rey‐Reñones Cristina , Rodriguez‐Blanco Teresa , Ferre Grau Carmen , Arija Victoria , Barrera Uriarte Maria Luisa , Granado‐Font Esther , Flores‐Mateo Gemma ,   the TAB_ES Study Group
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy of a school‐based educational programme in reducing the incidence and prevalence of smoking in secondary school students (compulsory secondary education: CSE) in Catalonia (Spain).DesignCluster‐randomized controlled trial.SettingSchools in the Tarragona Health Care Region of Spain.ParticipantsAll students enrolled in the first year of CSE during the 2007–08 school year in the 29 participating schools (n = 2245); 1583 students completed the follow‐up over the 4‐year study period (804 and 779 in the control and intervention groups, respectively).MeasuresSelf‐reported questionnaires were administered during the first quarter of the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 school years. A smoker was defined as ‘smoking cigarettes daily or occasionally within the past 30 days’. Multi‐level logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyse the prevalence and incidence of smoking between the intervention and control groups.InterventionA school‐based educational programme comprising seven modules, each with a different approach to smoking habits. Each module included activities, work‐shops and/or class sessions.FindingsThe initial prevalence of smokers in the control and intervention groups who completed the follow‐up was 3.9% and 4.2%, respectively. At the end of the study, the prevalence of smokers was 24.4% in the control group and 19.9% in the intervention group. The accumulated incidence of new smokers was 230.57/1000 in the control group and 183.65/1000 in the intervention group. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the intervention group with the control group was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 1.15] for smoking prevalence, and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.48, 1.14) for smoking incidence.ConclusionsA school‐based educational intervention for secondary school students in Catalonia, Spain was not found to lead to a statistically significant reduction of smoking prevalence and incidence.
Cloud‐Based Privacy‐Preserving Remote ECG Monitoring and Surveillance
Authors: Page Alex , Kocabas Ovunc , Soyata Tolga , Aktas Mehmet , Couderc Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe number of technical solutions for monitoring patients in their daily activities is expected to increase significantly in the near future. Blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, BMI, oxygen saturation, and electrolytes are few of the physiologic factors that will soon be available to patients and their physicians almost continuously. The availability and transfer of this information from the patient to the health provider raises privacy concerns. Moreover, current data encryption approaches expose patient data during processing, therefore restricting their utility in applications requiring data analysis.MethodsWe propose a system that couples health monitoring techniques with analytic methods to permit the extraction of relevant information from patient data without compromising privacy. This proposal is based on the concept of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Since this technique is known to be resource‐heavy, we develop a proof‐of‐concept to assess its practicality. Results are presented from our prototype system, which mimics live QT monitoring and detection of drug‐induced QT prolongation.ResultsTransferring FHE‐encrypted QT and RR samples requires about 2 Mbps of network bandwidth per patient. Comparing FHE‐encrypted values—‐for example, comparing QTc to a given threshold—runs quickly enough on modest hardware to alert the doctor of important results in real‐time.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that FHE could be used to securely transfer and analyze ambulatory health monitoring data. We present a unique concept that could represent a disruptive type of technology with broad applications to multiple monitoring devices. Future work will focus on performance optimizations to accelerate expansion to these other applications.
Pulsatile Venoarterial Perfusion Using a Novel Synchronized Cardiac Assist Device Augments Coronary Artery Blood Flow During Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Cremers Bodo , Link Andreas , Werner Christian , Gorhan Holger , Simundic Ivo , Matheis Georg , Scheller Bruno , Böhm Michael , Laufs Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPatients with cardiogenic shock have a very high mortality. Here we report the first use of a percutaneous pulsatile cardiac assist device, based on a diagonal pump synchronized with the heart cycle by means of an electrocardiographic signal in adult pigs. Eight domestic pigs underwent mandatory ventilation. During sinus rhythm, there were no differences between pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion with regard to pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulse pressure, and mean coronary artery flow (CAF). After 2 min of complete cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation), circulatory support with the i‐cor in venoarterial nonpulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) mode (3 L/min) restored systemic circulation, with an increase of MAP to 78.3 mm Hg and CAF to 5.27 mL/min. After changing from ECMO settings to pulsatile mode (3 L/min, 75 bpm, pulse amplitude range 3500 rpm), MAP did not change significantly (75.6 mm Hg); however, CAF increased to 8.45 mL/min. After changing back to nonpulsatile mode, MAP remained stable (83.6 mm Hg), but CAF decreased to 4.85 mL/min. Thereafter, pulsatile cardiac assist was established with a reduced blood flow of 2.5 L/min, and the pulse amplitude range was extended to 4500 rpm. Under these conditions, MAP remained stable (71.0 mm Hg), but CAF significantly increased to 15.2 mL/min (P < 0.05). Percutaneous cardiac support using a venoarterial cardiac assist device equipped with a novel diagonal pump is able to restore and increase systemic and coronary circulation during ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiographically triggered synchronized cardiac assist provides an additional increase of coronary artery flow. These promising results are to be confirmed in humans.
Advances in reduced port laparoscopic liver resection
Authors: Ban Daisuke , Kudo Atsushi , Irie Takumi , Ochiai Takanori , Aihara Arihiro , Matsumura Satoshi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReduced port surgery has been attracting attention in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Although the use of SILS is becoming widespread, technical difficulty has delayed its adoption for laparoscopic liver resection. Recently, advances in laparoscopic liver resection have been made in tandem with advances in surgical skill and devices. The main driver in conventional laparoscopic liver resection's evolution to become less surgically invasive seems to be single‐incision laparoscopic liver resection (SILLR). To date, most reports on SILLR have been single case reports or case series. Only a few cohort studies on conventional laparoscopic surgery and SILLR have been conducted. Recent reports have described the use of SILLR for well‐localized lesions and solitary tumors located in the anterolateral segments of the liver or left liver lobe, but its application remains limited to partial resection and left lateral sectionectomy. The feasibility and safety of SILLR have been demonstrated, but additional work is needed for standardization of the procedure.