bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortopathy – A surgical pathology experience
Authors: Vaideeswar Pradeep , Udayaravi Sujit 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Aortopathy is a non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic disease of aorta that results from significant ‘degenerative’ changes in the media. This often leads to thoracic aortic aneurysms and/or dissections in young individuals.

Aims:
This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of aortic resections performed for aortopathy.

Materials and Methods:
Over the span of 15 years (2008-2022), all surgically resected specimens of aorta showing aortopathy in all age groups were studied. Particular attention was paid to the changes in the media to assess the extent, grade and severity of aortopathy.

Results:
During the 15-year study period, 73 surgically resected specimens of the ascending aorta showed features of aortopathy. There were 48 males and 25 females, who had chief complaints of dyspnea, chest pain and palpitation. The aortopathic manifestations observed were ascending aortic aneurysms (36 patients, 49.3%), aortic dissections (21 patients, 28.8%) and aneurysms with dissections (16 patients, 21.9%). Bicuspid aortic valve (24 cases), Marfan syndrome (13 cases) and hypertension (12 cases) were commonly identified. There was one case each of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and aortopathy possibly related to blunt chest trauma. In a significant proportion of patients (22 cases), the cause remained elusive. Moderate to severe aortopathy was observed in 60 cases (82.2%).

Conclusion:
This study helps in standardizing the histological parameters of aortopathy. In patients where the cause is uncertain despite of detailed clinico-radiological assessment, there is a need for molecular and genetic studies.
The Distribution of Ectopic Pregnancy in Natural Pregnancy and the Comparison of Diagnostic Efficacy between Transabdominal Ultrasound and Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Shao Xiyan , Xie Qi , Li Ming 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy (EP) and to evaluate the value of two kinds of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of early EP.

Patients and Methods:
One hundred and ten EP patients who underwent preoperative transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound examinations and were confirmed by surgical pathology were included in the study. The sonographic findings of different methods were analyzed, and the diagnostic effects of the two ultrasound methods were compared.

Results:
The positive rate of transvaginal ultrasound for EP masses was 100%, while the positive rate of transabdominal ultrasound was 67.27%, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). For 53 cases of EP located in the ampulla, the diagnostic rate of transvaginal ultrasound was 100%, while transabdominal ultrasound was only 58.49%, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound in diagnosing EP rupture were 94.44%, 58.67%, 52.31%, and 58.67%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound for EP is significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound. Therefore, for patients suspected of EP and without contraindication, transvaginal ultrasound is recommended as the first choice. Both peritoneal effusion by ultrasound and intraoperative abdominal hemorrhagic effusion had low specificity in diagnosing EP rupture. The diagnosis of EP rupture requires intraoperative direct vision.
A Comparative Study of Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer and their Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Sawal Anupama , Yadgire Geetanjali , Thute Preeti , Chaudhary Kirti , Bokariya Pradeep , Fulmali Darshana 
Published: July 2024

Background:
In in vitro fertilization (IVF)/assisted reproductive technology, fresh embryo transfer is generally preferred over frozen embryo transfer (FET). Still, some research shows that FET could increase the childbirth rate which reduces the amount of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and pregnancy problems in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). There is a high risk of aberrant pregnancies, incorrect placentation, and other issues when a fresh embryo is transferred. They are more likely to get OHSS. Fresh embryo transfer reduces the chances to get pregnant as the stimulatory effect will be there for long time, and the endometrium is less receptive for the embryos and vice versa in the case of FET. For IVF, the transfer of fresh embryos is typically preferred over the transfer of frozen embryos. However, some research suggests that the transfer of frozen embryos may increase the live birth rate and decrease the rates of OHSS and pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. One of the most prevalent endocrine illnesses in women of reproductive age is PCOS. Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome in the absence of additional diseases such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-producing tumors, or Cushing syndrome. Despite the fact that some patients are discovered to be clomiphene citrate (CC) resistant, CC is still the first line of treatment for anovulatory infertility caused by PCOS. Numerous treatments, such as the usage of metformin, ovarian drilling, and gonadotropin therapy, may be taken into consideration in these people.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty women in all ranging in age from 25 to 45 participated in the study. Half of the study participants are from Wardha, and the other half are from rural areas close to Wardha. Participants were chosen from patients who sought medical attention for issues relating to infertility. We have taken consent from all the patients with the mutual understanding that their medical is being used for a comparative study. All the patients in our study are subjected to IVF following embryo transfer. We have taken n = 50 in which all the patients are PCOS patients with AMH noticeably higher than others. Out of them, we have taken 25 patients who are allocated for fresh Day 5 transfer and 25 of them are allocated for Day 5 FET. We have collected data for a total of 50 patients and compared the β-human chorionic gonadotropin values whether it is positive or negative in each case. We have done a comparative study by comparing the results of patients undergoing fresh versus FET with their ages ranging from 25 to 45 years.

Results:
The data of fresh Day 5 embryo and frozen Day 5 transfer and their outcome were noted. We concluded that FET has good results compared to fresh embryo transfer.
Gender Prediction Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Measurements from Foramen Incisivum: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Senol Deniz , Secgin Yusuf , Harmandaoglu Oguzhan , Kaya Seren , Duman Suayip Burak , Oner Zülal 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:This study aims to predict gender using parameters obtained from images of the foramen (for.) incisivum through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and employing machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN).Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on 162 individuals in total. Precise measurements were meticulously extracted, extending from the foramen incisivum to the arcus alveolaris maxillaris, through employment of CBCT. The ML and ANN models were meticulously devised, allocating 20% for rigorous testing and 80% for comprehensive training.Results:All parameters that are evaluated, except for the angle between foramen palatinum majus and foramen incisivum-spina nasalis posterior (GPFIFPNS-A), exhibited a significant gender difference. ANN and among the ML algorithms, logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random rorest (RF) demonstrated the highest accuracy (Acc) rate of 0.82. The Acc rates for other algorithms ranged from 0.76 to 0.79. In the models with the highest Acc rates, 14 out of 17 male individuals and 13 out of 16 female individuals in the test set were correctly predicted.Conclusion:LR, LDA, RF, and ANN yielded high gender prediction rates for the measured parameters, while decision tree, extra tree classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, quadratic discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbors algorithm methods provided lower predictions. We believe that the evaluation of measurements extending from foramen incisivum to arcus alveolaris maxillaris through CBCT scanning proves to be a valuable method in gender prediction.
Hip Joint Angular Values in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison between Ambulatory and Nonambulatory Groups According to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System
Authors: Rende Buket , Orha Ayla Tekin 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the migration index (MI), femoral inclination angle (FIA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), and acetabular index (AI) values measured from hip joint radiographs of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) divided into ambulatory and nonambulatory groups according to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System with functional levels of children, and to examine their relationship with anthropometric measurements of the lower extremities.

Materials and Methods:
The present investigation encompassed the evaluation of 30 children afflicted with CP, through the conduction of hip joint radiographic assessments, which involved the right and left hip joints, the acquisition of images using MI, FIA, LCEA, and AI parameters, as well as measurement of lower-extremity anthropometric data.

Results:
A significant difference was found between ambulatory and nonambulatory groups in the left MI, FIA, and LCEA (P < 0.05). In comparison of anthropometric measurements to height ratios, no significant difference was found, except for left ankle circumference and bi-iliac diameter measurements (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The hip joint angular values of the ambulatory group were found to be within normal limits compared to those of the nonambulatory group. Although there were significant differences between hip joint angles in the two groups, there was no significant correlation with lower-extremity anthropometric measurements. It was concluded that hip joint angles were more pathological and prone to hip displacement in the nonambulatory group. This study revealed the importance of strategies to maintain and improve the functional capacity of children with CP.
Normal Elbow Angles in Saudi Population: Radiographic Study
Authors: Alharbi Sara M. , Alrabai Hamza M. , El Fouhil Ahmed Fathalla , Aldalati Mohammed Z. , Alqadi Banan S. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
In this study, we aimed to measure normal elbow radiographic angles in the Saudi population and compare the normal range of elbow angles between Saudi males and females, as well as those previously measured in other populations.

Methods:
Anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs of 304 normal elbows from 153 females and 151 males from the Saudi population, aged > 18 years, were assessed. Radiographs, 174 right elbows, and 130 left elbows were studied retrospectively, between 2018 and 2023 in our institute. Only normal elbow radiographs with acceptable quality were included. The standard radiographic elbow measurements were collected. Data analysis was conducted with Student’s t-test for parametric data and Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Two certified orthopedic surgeons performed the measurements independently. Interobserver and intraobserver errors were measured.

Results:
All the radiographic elbow measurements in Saudis did not show any significant sexual dimorphism or difference between sides. The radiographic angles obtained on the anteroposterior view appeared more reliable than lateral view angles. Unlike carrying angle (CA), measurements of radiographic elbow angles in Saudis were inconsistent with previously published values.

Conclusions:
The elbow radiographic anatomical parameters of the Saudi population were not consistent with previously published values except for CA. The presence of a significant impact of geographical or racial variation on elbow radiographic anatomy requires additional investigations.
Morphological Variations of the Umbilical Cord of Full-term Fetuses – Correlation with Maternal and Newborn Parameters
Authors: Aricatt Divia Paul , Jacob Meera , Gaikwad Manisha Rajanand , Chandy Dane 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Abnormalities in the development and site of insertion of the umbilical cord (UC) can cause problems which have the potential to affect maternal and fetal health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gross features of UC of singleton pregnancies and correlate it to the newborn parameters and maternal parameters at term.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, descriptive pilot study was carried out with 100 placentas. All ethical principles for human research were followed and ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of the medical college from where data were collected. The inclusion criteria were the adequately preserved placenta with no gross abnormalities. Placenta belonging to hypertensive mothers and mothers with gestational diabetes were excluded.

Results and Conclusion:
The UC morphology was recorded and analyzed. Newborn parameters and maternal parameters were correlated to UC parameters. The present study statistics showed 53% placentas with central insertion, 36% eccentric insertion, 3% furcated and marginal insertions each, and 5% specimens with velamentous insertion. A correlation between the UC insertion site and birth weight was observed. Low birth weight was observed when the cord was inserted eccentrically. Further investigations are required among velamentous insertion to reach a conclusion for maternal blood group correlations.
In vitro Preparation of Dry Bones from Remnants of Dissected Cadavers: An Effective Low-cost Method of Recycling Remnants of Human Cadavers
Authors: Sajith E. A. T. Edirisinghe , Dulmini H. K. De Silva , Harsha P. Dissanayake , Surangi G. Yasawardane , Bhashitha Adhikarinayake , Nawodha D. P. De Zoysa 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Human bones are an essential part of medical education.

Objectives:
This study outlines a new method developed by the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, for processing human bones from cadaver waste.

Subjects and Methods:
The bones were disarticulated, cleaned of soft tissues, and boiled with potassium hydroxide. Afterward, they were deposited in an aerating system with a water pump, covered with a soil mixture, and were aerated to provide fresh air, and the humidity of the soil was monitored. After 4 months of soil treatment, the bones were exhumed, boiled, air-dried, and varnished.

Results:
This method produced good-quality bones within a shorter time using less resources. It helped generate more bones and halve the cadaver waste cost.

Conclusion:
The technique can easily be adopted to produce human bones, even within a small space, in less time and with less labor force.
Histopathological Changes Induced by Exposure of Mosquito Coil Smoke on the Liver of Adult Wistar Albino Rats – An Experimental Study
Authors: Syed Masooma , Syed Midhat , Syed Farah , Akram Waqar 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Mosquito coils are widely used to control mosquitoes due to their low cost. However, their combustion releases harmful pollutants.

Objective:
This study investigates the histological changes in rat liver due to exposure to mosquito coil smoke containing d-trans allethrin.

Methods:
Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (Group A), exposed for 4 weeks (Group B), and exposed for 6 weeks (Group C). The rats were exposed to the smoke for 8 hours daily. Liver tissues were collected, fixed, sectioned, and stained for histological analysis.

Results:
Prolonged exposure to mosquito coil smoke leads to significant liver damage and inflammation due to the release of fine particles and toxic compounds.

Conclusion:
Long-term exposure to mosquito coil smoke is hepatotoxic. Public awareness and measures to minimize exposure are necessary.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of efficiency of three rotary nickel–titanium file systems in terms of remaining dentin thickness using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Subedar Alreem , Singh Shishir , Podar Rajesh , Laha Abhishek , Salgar Avinash , Shetty Roshan , Sitlaney Teena 
Published: July 2024

Aim:
The objective of the present research was to assess and compare the residual dentin thickness after biomechanical preparation of teeth using three distinct rotary nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems.

Materials and Methods:
In the current experimental study, a total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the analysis. The cementoenamel junction of each tooth was decoronated using a diamond disc. The teeth were randomly allocated to three groups, with each group representing a different rotary file system: Group 1: Hero GOLD (Micro Mega), Group 2: One Curve (Micro Mega), and Group 3: HyFlex electro-discharge machining (EDM) (Coltene-Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland). To evaluate the initial condition of the teeth, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted before the biomechanical preparation. The teeth were positioned on a modeling wax sheet, and the CBCT scans provided baseline measurements. The biomechanical preparation of the root canals followed the manufacturer’s recommended guidelines for each file system. After the completion of the canal preparation, follow-up CBCT scans were conducted. The postprocedure CBCT scans were then compared with the initial scans to assess any changes in the residual thickness of dentin in the teeth.

Statistical Analysis:

Post hoc Tukey analysis of variance tests was utilized to examine differences between the groups. A statistically significant result was defined as P = 0.05 or less for every test.

Results:
The comparison of preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation CBCT images showed that the HyFlex EDM group removed less dentin clinically compared to the other two groups, i.e., Hero GOLD and One Curve. No significant statistical difference was found between Hero GOLD versus One Curve, One Curve versus HyFlex EDM, and Hero GOLD versus HyFlex EDM.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, the HyFlex EDM file system exhibited superior cutting efficiency at various levels. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to comprehensively assess the influence of Ni-Ti rotary file systems on the remaining dentin thickness.
Does increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property? – A systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Govindaraju Lokhasudhan , Shruthi ST , Gopal Rajeswari , Jenarthanan Sowjanyaa , Rajendran Mathan Rajan 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence on the performance of increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite on its antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Two reviewers independently performed an electronic search in four databases along with the reference lists of the included articles.

Results:
This systematic review included a total of 12 studies: antimicrobial efficacy (n = 6) and tissue dissolution property (n = 6). For the studies that were chosen, the overall risk of bias was moderate. Quantitative assessment through meta-regression was performed for tissue dissolution property. Low-concentration sodium hypochlorite irrigant (≤3%) shows a 0.13-unit times increase in tissue dissolution ability with a degree rise in temperature although not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Due to inconsistency in the study parameters, results pertaining to the exclusive effect of increase in the temperature of sodium hypochlorite remain inconclusive.
Antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis using four irrigant activation protocols
Authors: Choudhury Prerana , Raghu Ramya , Shetty Ashish , Santhosh Lekha , Subhashini R. , Nikhitha K. L. 
Published: July 2024

Aims:
The aim of the study was to compare the activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis when used with four different irrigation protocols.

Methodology:
Sixty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars with closed apex were prepared till size 35/0.04. The specimens were sterilized and infected with E. faecalis colonies that were cultured separately. The canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups based on irrigation activation protocol, with each group having 15 specimens each – Group 1: control, Group 2: manual dynamic agitation (MDA), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 4: intracanal heating (ICH), and Group 5: passive ultrasonic irrigation followed by ICH (PUI ICH). The dentinal shavings were collected and sampled before (S1) and after (S2) the different irrigation techniques were performed. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction was calculated for each group.

Results:
A significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis colonies was observed for all the experimental groups (P < 0.001). The groups with ICH of NaOCl showed a considerable reduction in bacterial colonies than other groups (P < 0.001), with Group 5 that combined ultrasonics with ICH showed the highest reduction.

Conclusion:
ICH of NaOCl may be used as an adjunct to root canal irrigation to reduce the bacterial concentration from root canal spaces.
Effect of blood and artificial saliva contamination on marginal adaptation and sealing ability of different retrograde filling materials: A comparative analysis
Authors: Sunanda Yantrapragada Lakshmi , Parvathaneni Krishna Prasad , Raju T. B. V. G. , Seshadri Abitha , Dondapati Gowtam Dev 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood and artificial salivary contamination of different root-end filling materials on microleakage using a confocal laser scanning microscope and on marginal adaptation using a scanning electron microscope.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty noncarious single-rooted teeth with mature apices were taken. After retro-cavity preparation, they were randomly assigned into two major groups (n = 40). They were contaminated with blood and artificial saliva, respectively. Each major group was divided randomly into four subgroups (n = 10) and filled as follows: Subgroup A, Biodentine; Subgroup B, bioactive bone cement; Subgroup C, Cention N; and Subgroup D, Bio-C Repair. The samples were sectioned transversely at 1 and 2 mm from the root apex and checked under a confocal laser scanning microscope for microleakage and under an scanning electron microscope for marginal adaptation. The average mean values were calculated. Independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc tests were done to analyze the data.

Results:
All the tested materials showed marginal gaps and dye leakage. The Bio-C Repair group showed the least mean marginal gap and dye leakage values, followed by bioactive bone cement, Biodentine, and Cention N, respectively, in both blood and artificial saliva contamination. However, the mean marginal gaps and dye leakage between the major groups were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
In an overall comparison, Bio-C Repair was found to be superior in terms of marginal adaptation and sealing ability under the test conditions.