bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex of synaptic adhesion molecule CADM1, a molecule related to autism spectrum disorder, with MUPP1 in the cerebellum
Authors: Fujita Eriko , Tanabe Yuko , Imhof Beat A. , Momoi Mariko Y. , Momoi Takashi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMutations in the synaptic adhesion protein CADM1 (RA175/SynCAM1) are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder of uncertain molecular origin. Cadm1‐knock out (KO) mice exhibit smaller cerebella with decreased number of synapse of Purkinje cells and some ASD‐like symptoms, including impaired ultrasonic vocalization. In this study, we examined the alteration of the Cadm1 synaptic complex in the mouse cerebellum at post‐natal stages. The C‐terminal peptide of Cadm1 associated with Mupp1 at PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ)(1‐5), a scaffold protein containing 13 PDZ domains, which interacted with gamma‐aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABBR)2 at PDZ13, but not with PSD‐95. The GABBR2 was detected in a set of proteins interacting with Cadm1 C‐terminal. Cadm1 colocalized with Mupp1 and GABBR2 on the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layers of the developing cerebellum and on the dendrites of hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro. These observations suggest that the Cadm1 synaptic receptor complex, including Mupp1–GABBR2, is located on the dendrites of Purkinje cells. The amount of GABBR2 protein, but not mRNA, was increased in the cerebella of Cadm1 KO mice, suggesting that lack of Cadm1 does not affect transcription of GABBR2, but may stabilize the Mupp1–GABBR2 complex; the Mupp1–GABBR2 interaction may be stabilized by conformational change in Mupp1 or association with other adhesion molecules and by anchorage to the post‐synaptic membrane. Up‐regulation of GABBR2 in the cerebellum in the absence of CADM1 may be associated with ASD pathogenesis.
CaWRKY40, a WRKY protein of pepper, plays an important role in the regulation of tolerance to heat stress and resistance toRalstonia solanacearuminfection
Authors: DANG FENG‐FENG , WANG YU‐NA , YU LU , EULGEM THOMAS , LAI YAN , LIU ZHI‐QIN , WANG XU , QIU AI‐LIAN , ZHANG TING‐XIU , LIN JING , CHEN YAN‐SHENG , GUAN DE‐YI , CAI HAN‐YANG , MOU SHAO‐LIANG , HE SHUI‐LIN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWRKY proteins form a large family of plant transcription factors implicated in the modulation of numerous biological processes, such as growth, development and responses to various environmental stresses. However, the roles of the majority WRKY family members, especially in non‐model plants, remain poorly understood. We identifiedCaWRKY40from pepper. Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that CaWRKY40 can be targeted to nuclei and activates expression of a W‐box‐containing reporter gene.CaWRKY40transcripts are induced in pepper byRalstonia solanacearumand heat shock. To assess roles ofCaWRKY40in plant stress responses we performed gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. Overexpression ofCaWRKY40enhanced resistance toR. solanacearumand tolerance to heat shock in tobacco. In contrast, silencing ofCaWRKY40enhanced susceptibility toR. solanacearumand impaired thermotolerance in pepper. Consistent with its role in multiple stress responses, we foundCaWRKY40transcripts to be induced by signalling mechanisms mediated by the stress hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Overexpression ofCaWRKY40in tobacco modified the expression of hypersensitive response (HR)‐associated and pathogenesis‐related genes. Collectively, our results suggest thatCaWRKY40orthologs are regulated by SA, JA and ET signalling and coordinate responses toR. solanacearumattacks and heat stress in pepper and tobacco.
EGFRoverexpression in canine primary lung cancer: pathogenetic implications and impact on survival
Authors: Sabattini S. , Mancini F. R. , Marconato L. , Bacci B. , Rossi F. , Vignoli M. , Bettini G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study reports the main clinicopathological features of primary lung cancer (PLC) in 37 dogs, with special regard to the pathogenetic and prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression. For each case the following characteristics were evaluated:tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM)stage, tumour histotype, histological grade, mitotic activity and immunohistochemical expression ofEGFR. In samples with available normal lung tissue, the amount of background anthracosis was also measured by image analysis. In 27 tumours (73%) a variable number of cells (20–100%) stained positively forEGFR. The proportion ofEGFR‐positive tumours was significantly higher in cases with background anthracosis, and the amount of anthracosis was correlated with the percentage of positive tumour cells. Additionally, a trend towards shortened survival for the highEGFRgroup was observed. These findings suggest an involvement ofEGFRsignalling pathway in caninePLC, a negative prognostic significance of protein overexpression and its potential implication in air pollution carcinogenesis.
Evaluation of Serological Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever in Papua New Guinea Using a Composite Reference Standard
Authors: Siba Valentine , Horwood Paul F. , Vanuga Kilagi , Wapling Johanna , Sehuko Rebecca , Siba Peter M. , Greenhill Andrew R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTTyphoid fever remains a major global health problem. A major impediment to improving outcomes is the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools, which have not significantly improved in low-income settings for 100 years. We evaluated two commercially available rapid diagnostic tests (Tubex and TyphiDot), a prototype (TyphiRapid TR-02), and the commonly used single-serum Widal test in a previously reported high-burden area of Papua New Guinea. Samples were collected from 530 outpatients with axillary temperatures of ≥37.5°C, and analysis was conducted on all malaria-negative samples (n= 500). A composite reference standard of blood culture and PCR was used, by which 47 participants (9.4%) were considered typhoid fever positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tubex (51.1% and 88.3%, respectively) and TyphiDot (70.0% and 80.1%, respectively) tests were not high enough to warrant their ongoing use in this setting; however, the sensitivity and specificity for the TR-02 prototype were promising (89.4% and 85.0%, respectively). An axillary temperature of ≥38.5°C correlated with typhoid fever (P= 0.014). With an appropriate diagnostic test, conducting typhoid fever diagnosis only on patients with high-grade fever could dramatically decrease the costs associated with diagnosis while having no detrimental impact on the ability to accurately diagnose the illness.
Universal Amplification, Next-Generation Sequencing, and Assembly of HIV-1 Genomes
Authors: Gall Astrid , Ferns Bridget , Morris Clare , Watson Simon , Cotten Matthew , Robinson Mark , Berry Neil , Pillay Deenan , Kellam Paul 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Whole HIV-1 genome sequences are pivotal for large-scale studies of inter- and intrahost evolution, including the acquisition of drug resistance mutations. The ability to rapidly and cost-effectively generate large numbers of HIV-1 genome sequences from different populations and geographical locations and determine the effect of minority genetic variants is, however, a limiting factor. Next-generation sequencing promises to bridge this gap but is hindered by the lack of methods for the enrichment of virus genomes across the phylogenetic breadth of HIV-1 and methods for the robust assembly of the virus genomes from short-read data. Here we report a method for the amplification, next-generation sequencing, and unbiased
de novo
assembly of HIV-1 genomes of groups M, N, and O, as well as recombinants, that does not require prior knowledge of the sequence or subtype. A sensitivity of at least 3,000 copies/ml was determined by using plasma virus samples of known copy numbers. We applied our novel method to compare the genome diversities of HIV-1 groups, subtypes, and genes. The highest level of diversity was found in the
env
,
nef
,
vpr
,
tat
, and
rev
genes and parts of the
gag
gene. Furthermore, we used our method to investigate mutations associated with HIV-1 drug resistance in clinical samples at the level of the complete genome. Drug resistance mutations were detected as both major variant and minor species. In conclusion, we demonstrate the feasibility of our method for large-scale HIV-1 genome sequencing. This will enable the phylogenetic and phylodynamic resolution of the ongoing pandemic and efficient monitoring of complex HIV-1 drug resistance genotypes.
Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus by Reverse Transcription–Cross-Priming Amplification Coupled with Vertical Flow Visualization
Authors: Cui Lunbiao , Ge Yiyue , Qi Xian , Xu Gaolian , Li Haijing , Zhao Kangchen , Wu Bin , Shi Zhiyang , Guo Xiling , Hu Lin , You Qimin , Zhang Li-Hong , Freiberg Alexander N. , Yu Xuejie , Wang Hua , Zhou Minghao , Tang Yi-Wei 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
A virus known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was recently identified as the etiological agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China. Reliable laboratory detection and identification of this virus are likely to become clinically and epidemiologically desirable. We developed a nearly instrument-free, simple molecular method which incorporates reverse transcription–cross-priming amplification (RT-CPA) coupled with a vertical flow (VF) visualization strip for rapid detection of SFTSV. The RT-CPA-VF assay targets a conserved region of the M segment of the SFTSV genome and has a limit of detection of 100 copies per reaction, with no cross-reaction with other vector-borne bunyaviruses and bacterial pathogens. The performance of the RT-CPA-VF assay was determined with 175 human plasma specimens collected from 89 clinically suspected SFTS patients and 86 healthy donors. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 94.1% and 100.0%, respectively, compared with a combination of virus culture and real-time RT-PCR. The entire procedure, from specimen processing to result reporting, can be completed within 2 h. The simplicity and nearly instrument-free platform of the RT-CPA-VF assay make it practical for point-of-care testing.
Antiviral T Cell Response Triggers Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis in Mice
Authors: Livingston-Rosanoff Devon , Daley-Bauer Lisa P. , Garcia AnaPatricia , McCormick A. Louise , Huang Jing , Mocarski Edward S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTOne common sign of human cytomegalovirus infection is altered liver function. Murine cytomegalovirus strain v70 induces a rapid and severe hepatitis in immunocompetent mice that requires the presence of T cells in order to develop. v70 exhibits approximately 10-fold-greater virulence than the commonly used strain K181, resulting in a more severe, sustained, and lethal hepatitis but not dramatically higher viral replication levels. Hepatitis and death are markedly delayed in immunodeficient SCID compared to immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Transfer of BALB/c splenocytes to SCID mice conferred rapid disease following infection, and depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cells in BALB/c mice reduced virus-induced hepatitis. The frequency of CD8 T cells producing gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor in response to viral antigen was higher in settings where more severe disease occurred. Thus, virus-specific effector CD8 T cells appear to contribute to lethal virus-induced hepatitis, contrasting their protective role during sublethal infection. This study reveals how protection and disease during cytomegalovirus infection depend on viral strain and dose, as well as the quality of the T cell response.
Genome Sequences of a Novel HIV-1 CRF53_01B Identified in Malaysia
Authors: Chow Wei Zhen , Al-Darraji Haider , Lee Yeat Mei , Takebe Yutaka , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Tee Kok Keng 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
A novel HIV-1 genotype designated CRF53_01B was recently characterized from three epidemiologically unrelated persons in Malaysia. Here we announced three recently isolated full-length genomes of CRF53_01B, which is likely to be phylogenetically linked to CRF33_01B, circulating widely in Southeast Asia. The genome sequences may contribute to HIV-1 molecular surveillance and future vaccine development in the region.
Dynamics of the Establishment of Systemic Potyvirus Infection: Independent yet Cumulative Action of Primary Infection Sites
Authors: Lafforgue Guillaume , Tromas Nicolas , Elena Santiago F. , Zwart Mark P. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
In the clinic, farm, or field, for many viruses there is a high prevalence of mixed-genotype infections, indicating that multiple virions have initiated infection and that there can be multiple sites of primary infection within the same host. The dynamic process by which multiple primary infection sites interact with each other and the host is poorly understood, undoubtedly due to its high complexity. In this study, we attempted to unravel the basic interactions underlying this process using a plant RNA virus, as removing the inoculated leaf can instantly and rigorously eliminate all primary infection sites. Effective population size in the inoculated leaf and time of removal of the inoculated leaf were varied in experiments, and it was found that both factors positively influenced if the plant became systemically infected and what proportion of cells in the systemic tissue were infected, as measured by flow cytometry. Fitting of probabilistic models of infection to our data demonstrated that a null model in which the action of each focus is independent of the presence of other foci was better supported than a dependent-action model. The cumulative effect of independently acting foci therefore determined when plants became infected and how many individual cells were infected. There was no evidence for interference between primary infection sites, which is surprising given the planar structure of leaves. By showing that a simple null model is supported, we experimentally confirmed—to our knowledge for the first time—the minimal components that dictate interactions of a conspecific virus population establishing systemic infection.
Bacteriophage P70: Unique Morphology and Unrelatedness to Other Listeria Bacteriophages
Authors: Schmuki Martina M. , Erne Doris , Loessner Martin J. , Klumpp Jochen 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis an important food-borne pathogen, and its bacteriophages find many uses in detection and biocontrol of its host. The novel broad-host-range virulent phage P70 has a unique morphology with an elongated capsid. Its genome sequence was determined by a hybrid sequencing strategy employing Sanger and PacBio techniques. The P70 genome contains 67,170 bp and 119 open reading frames (ORFs). Our analyses suggest that P70 represents an archetype of virus unrelated to other knownListeriabacteriophages.
Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study
Authors: Zheng Yu , Qu Shanshan , Wang Na , Liu Limin , Zhang Guanzhong , Jiang Xiaoyu , Chen Junqi , Huang Yong , Zhang Zhangjin 
Published: September 2012

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.
Mother's country of birth and prescription of psychotropic medication in Swedish adolescents: a life course approach
Authors: Van Leeuwen Willemijn , Nilsson Sofia , Merlo Juan 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesBesides medical needs, psychotropic medication use in adolescence might be conditioned by the cultural context of the family. This knowledge is relevant for both detecting inequities in healthcare, and identifying information bias in epidemiological studies using psychotropic medication as a proxy for impaired psychological health. Therefore, we investigated whether, independent of needs, the socioeconomic characteristics of the mother's country of birth are associated with psychotropic medication use in Swedish-born adolescents.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Swedish population.ParticipantsBy linking the Swedish Medical Birth Registry to other national registers, we identified all 324 510 singletons born between 1988 and 1990 and who were alive and residing in Sweden until the age of 18 years (2006−2008).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was participants’ use of psychotropic medication in the year they turned 18. In the analyses, applying a life-course approach, we included both the mother's and the children's characteristics throughout pregnancy, delivery, infancy, childhood and adolescence when calculating a risk score (RS) to adjust for needs. We classified the mother's country of birth according to the gross national income (GNI) per capita of each country.ResultsOverall, the lower the income of the mother's birth country, the lower the probability of psychotropic medication use among children. When adjusting for needs, the association became even stronger.ConclusionsBesides medical needs, use of psychotropic medication by descendants of immigrants seems conditioned by the socioeconomic characteristics of the mothers’ countries of birth. The threat of information bias must be considered if psychotropic medication is used a proxy for impaired psychological health in descendants of immigrants.
The Northern Manhattan Caregiver Intervention Project: a randomised trial testing the effectiveness of a dementia caregiver intervention in Hispanics in New York City
Authors: Luchsinger José , Mittelman Mary , Mejia Miriam , Silver Stephanie , Lucero Robert J , Ramirez Mildred , Kong Jian , Teresi Jeanne A 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesDementia prevalence and its burden on families are increasing. Caregivers of persons with dementia have more depression and stress than the general population. Several interventions have proven efficacy in decreasing depression and stress in selected populations of caregivers. Hispanics in New York City tend to have a higher burden of dementia caregiving compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHW) because Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia, tend to have high family involvement, and tend to have higher psychosocial and economic stressors. Thus, we chose to test the effectiveness of a dementia caregiving intervention, the New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI), with demonstrated efficacy in spouse caregivers in Hispanic relative caregivers of persons with dementia. Including the community health worker (CHW) intervention in both arms alleviates general psychosocial stressors and allows the assessment of the effectiveness of the intervention. Compared to two original efficacy studies of the NYUCI, which included only spouse caregivers, our study includes all relative caregivers, including common law spouses, children, siblings, a nephew and nieces. This study will be the first randomised trial to test the effectiveness of the NYUCI in Hispanic caregivers including non-spouses.Methods and analysisThe design of the study is a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants are randomised to two arms: case management by a CHW and an intervention arm including the NYUCI in addition to case management by the CHW. The duration of intervention is 6 months. The main outcomes in the trial are changes in the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) from baseline to 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the Columbia University Medical Center Institutional Review Board (AAAI0022), and funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The funding agency has no role in dissemination.Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.govNCT01306695.
Rat Mcs1b Is Concordant to the Genome-Wide Association-Identified Breast Cancer Risk Locus at Human 5q11.2 and MIER3 is a Candidate Cancer Susceptibility Gene
Authors: denDekker Aaron D. , Xu Xin , Vaughn M. Derek , Puckett Aaron H. , Gardner Louis L. , Lambring Courtney J. , Deschenes Lucas , Samuelson David J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Low-penetrance alleles associated with breast cancer risk have been identified in population-based studies. Most risk loci contain either no or multiple potential candidate genes. Rat mammary carcinoma susceptibility 1b (Mcs1b) is a quantitative trait locus on RN02 that confers decreased susceptibility when Copenhagen (COP)-resistant alleles are introgressed into a Wistar Furth (WF)-susceptible genome. Five WF.COP congenic lines containing COP RN02 segments were compared. One line developed an average of 3.4 ± 2.0 and 5.5 ± 3.6 mammary carcinomas per rat ± SD when females were Mcs1b-resistant homozygous and Mcs1b heterozygous, respectively. These phenotypes were significantly different from susceptible genotype littermates (7.8 ± 3.1 mean mammary carcinomas per rat ± SD, P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0413, respectively). All other congenic lines tested were susceptible. Thus, Mcs1b was narrowed to 1.8 Mb of RN02 between genetic markers ENSRNOSNP2740854 and g2UL2-27. Mammary gland-graft carcinoma susceptibility assays were used to determine that donor (P = 0.0019), but not recipient Mcs1b genotype (P = 0.9381), was associated with ectopic mammary carcinoma outcome. Rat Mcs1b contains sequence orthologous to human 5q11.2, a breast cancer susceptibility locus identified in multiple genome-wide association studies. Human/rat MAP3K1/Map3k1 and mesoderm induction early response (MIER; MIER3)/MIER3 are within these orthologous segments. We identified MIER3 as a candidate Mcs1b gene based on 4.5-fold higher mammary gland levels of MIER3 transcripts in susceptible compared with Mcs1b-resistant females. These data suggest that the human 5q11.2 breast cancer risk allele marked by rs889312 is mammary gland autonomous, and MIER3 is a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene. Cancer Res; 72(22); 6002–12. ©2012 AACR.