bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UK Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcome (OHCAO) project
Authors: Perkins Gavin D , Brace-McDonnell Samantha J 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionReducing premature death is a key priority for the UK National Health Service (NHS). NHS Ambulance services treat approximately 30 000 cases of suspected cardiac arrest each year but survival rates vary. The British Heart Foundation and Resuscitation Council (UK) have funded a structured research programme—the Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes (OHCAO) programme. The aim of the project is to establish the epidemiology and outcome of OHCA, explore sources of variation in outcome and establish the feasibility of setting up a national OHCA registry.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective observational study set in UK NHS Ambulance Services. The target population will be adults and children sustaining an OHCA who are attended by an NHS ambulance emergency response and where resuscitation is attempted. The data collected will be characterised broadly as system characteristics, emergency medical services (EMS) dispatch characteristics, patient characteristics and EMS process variables. The main outcome variables of interest will be return of spontaneous circulation and medium—long-term survival (30 days to 10-year survival).Ethics and disseminationEthics committee permissions were gained and the study also has received approval from the Confidentiality Advisory Group Ethics and Confidentiality committee which provides authorisation to lawfully hold identifiable data on patients without their consent. To identify the key characteristics contributing to better outcomes in some ambulance services, reliable and reproducible systems need to be established for collecting data on OHCA in the UK. Reports generated from the registry will focus on data completeness, timeliness and quality. Subsequent reports will summarise demographic, patient, process and outcome variables with aim of improving patient care through focus quality improvement initiatives.
Long‐term outcome of transendoscopic oesophageal mass ablation in dogs with Spirocerca lupi ‐associated oesophageal sarcoma
Authors: Shipov A. , Kelmer G. , Lavy E. , Milgram J. , Aroch I. , Segev G. 
Published: October 2015

Oesophageal sarcoma is a potential sequel of Spirocerca lupi infection. Oesophageal mass excision can be performed by open chest surgery. The objectives of this observational study were to evaluate the feasibility, short‐term morbidity and long‐term outcome of transendoscopic oesophageal mass ablation in dogs with spirocercosis‐associated oesophageal neoplasia. A 9 mm video‐endoscope and laser or electrocauterisation were used to debulk the oesophageal mass. Long‐term follow‐up was done by telephonic interviews. Fifteen dogs were included. The median tumour size was 5 cm (range 3.5–9). The median procedure time was 75 minutes (range 35–165) and was deemed successful in 12/15 dogs (80 per cent). Recovery was uneventful in all dogs. Immediate complications included oesophageal damage (two dogs) oesophageal perforation (one dog) and a focal thermal damage (one dog). The median hospitalisation time of all dogs was less than one day, with all but two discharged on the procedure day. The median survival time, available in nine dogs that were followed, was 202 days (range 51–691). Four of these dogs (44 per cent) survived more than six months, of which three survived more than one year. In conclusion, transendoscopic oesophageal mass ablation might be considered an alternative, palliative procedure for open‐chest oesophageal surgery. It has comparable long‐term survival, lower morbidity, short hospitalisation time and relatively low cost.
Um olhar informacional para os mundos cultuais da internet
Authors: Méndez Héctor René Mena 
Published: October 2015

Resenha de: <p>KOZINETS, Robert V. <strong>Netnografia</strong>: realizando pesquisa etnográfica online. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2014. ISBN 978-85-65848-97-8.</p>
Precisamos discutir o idadismo na comunicação
Authors: Castro Gisela G.S. 
Published: October 2015

<p>O Brasil, considerado por longo tempo um país jovem, apresenta hoje percentuais decrescentes de adultos e idosos. Este progressivo amadurecimento da nossa população resulta da conjugação entre a expressiva redução nas taxas de natalidade e de mortalidade infantil, aliada ao significativo aumento da longevidade. Tais dados refletem o envelhecimento da população mundial, fato que torna importante o debate a respeito da velhice do idadismo, forma ainda pouco discutida de preconceito, baseado na idade, que ocasiona a discriminação contra as pessoas vistas como idosas e contribui para a sua marginalização e eventual exclusão social. Diante deste cenário em transformação, este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a velhice, promovendo uma discussão sobre o preconceito motivado pelos estereótipos associados à figura do velho em nosso meio social. </p>
Reconstruindo a tecnoliteracia: uma abordagem de múltiplas literacias
Authors: Kellner Douglas , Kahn Richard 
Published: October 2015

<p>Muito tem sido escrito sobre o conceito de "literacia tecnológica". Este artigo começa com uma breve análise dos significados que "tecnologia" e "literacia" receberam, no sentido de procurar entender a qual tipo de conhecimento e habilidades que a "tecnoliteracia" se refere. Richard Kahn e Douglas Kellner resumem as amplas trajetórias de desenvolvimento em programas hegemônicos de tecnoliteracias contemporâneas, desde suas supostas origens como "literacia computacional". Em contrapartida, revelam como essa abordagem tem sido tacitamente desafiada em nível institucional global por meio do Projeto 2000+ das Nações Unidas, e teorizam como isso pode estar ligado a um projeto democrático de revisão da educação por meio das múltiplas literacias. Por fim, os autores refletem sobre o que significará reconstruir amplamente a tecnoliteracia nas diversas áreas da sociedade.</p>
Dyscholesterolemia Protects Against Ischemia-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Baartscheer Antonius , Schumacher Cees A. , Wekker Vincent , Verkerk Arie O. , Veldkamp Marieke W. , van Oort Ralph J. , Elzenaar Ies , Ottenhoff Roelof , van Roomen Cindy , Aerts Hans , Coronel Ruben 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Hypercholesterolemia protects against ventricular fibrillation in patients with myocardial infarction. We hypothesize that hypercholesterolemia protects against ischemia-induced reentrant arrhythmias because of altered ion channel function.

Methods and Results—

ECGs were measured in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr
−/−
), apolipoprotein A1 knockout (ApoA1
−/−
), and wild-type (WT) mice. Action potentials, calcium handling, and ion currents were recorded in ventricular myocytes. Gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In isolated perfused hearts, regional ischemia was induced and arrhythmia inducibility was tested. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was higher in LDLr
−/−
mice than in WT mice (2.6 versus 0.4 mmol/L), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in ApoA1
−/−
mice than in WT mice (0.3 versus 1.8 mmol/L). LDLr
−/−
and ApoA1
−/−
myocytes contained more cholesterol than WT (34.4±2.8 and 36.5±2.4 versus 25.5±0.4 μmol/g protein). The major potassium currents were not different in LDLr
−/−
and ApoA1
−/−
compared with WT mice. The L-type calcium current (
I
Ca
), however, was larger in LDLr
−/−
and ApoA1
−/−
than in WT (12.1±0.7 and 12.8±0.8 versus 9.4±1.1 pA/pF). Calcium transient amplitude and fractional sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release were larger and action potential and QTc duration longer in LDLr
−/−
and ApoA1
−/−
than in WT mice (action potential duration at 90% of repolarization: 102±4 and 106±3 versus 84±3.1 ms; QTc: 50.9±1.3 and 52.8±0.8 versus 43.5±1.2 ms). During ischemia, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation inducibility was larger in WT than in LDLr
−/−
and ApoA1
−/−
hearts. Expression of sodium channel and Ca-handling genes were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions—

Dyscholesterolemia is associated with action potential prolongation because of increased
I
Ca
and reduces occurrence of reentrant arrhythmias during ischemia.
Mitigating Excessive Drying from the Use of Observations in Mesoscale Modeling
Authors: Reen Brian P. , Dumais Robert E. , Passner Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObservations can be used to enhance mesoscale model forecasts by both improving the initial conditions and adjusting the model state toward the observations during its forward integration. Since observations are not available at the same density as the model grid points, spatial and temporal error correlations must be specified in order to effectively assimilate the observations into the model. Overdrying is found while applying the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to five cases centered over Southern California. This overdrying is caused by incorporation of observations in the initial conditions both at a discrete time and over a preforecast data assimilation period. Nonphysical dryness results from the assumption that model moisture error at the observation location is correlated with model moisture error at other locations in the model without regard to the relative magnitude of the moisture at those two locations. Modifying the model and its preprocessor to remove this assumption greatly reduces the occurrence of excessive model dryness without degrading the overall model performance in predicting moisture.
Understanding Atmospheric Motion Vector Vertical Representativity Using a Simulation Study and First-Guess Departure Statistics
Authors: Lean Peter , Migliorini Stefano , Kelly Graeme 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAtmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) have been produced for decades and remain an important source of wind information. Many studies have suggested that the traditional interpretation of AMVs as representative of the wind at cloud top is suboptimal and that they are more representative of the winds within the cloud. This paper investigates the vertical representativity of cloudy AMVs using both first-guess departure [observation − background (O − B)] statistics and the simulation-study technique. A state-of-the-art convection-permitting mesoscale model (“UKV”) is used in conjunction with a radiative transfer model and the Nowcasting Satellite Application Facility (NWCSAF) AMV package to produce synthetic AMVs over a 1-month period. The simulated upper-level AMVs suffered from large height-assignment errors uncharacteristic of those in reality; these issues were partially alleviated by using the model cloud top instead of the assigned height. In agreement with previous studies, both the simulated and real AMVs were found to have the closest fit to a layer mean of the model winds with the majority of the layer below the estimated cloud top. However, improvements in the fit between the AMVs and the model were also found by simply lowering the assigned height. A short NWP trial hinted that height reassignment might lead to short-range forecast improvements. The results of this study indicate that the simulation technique was able to match the usefulness of O − B statistics for AMVs associated with low- and medium-level clouds (albeit at a higher computational cost); however, challenges remain in the simulation of upper-level clouds.
A record linkage study of antidepressant medication use and weight change in Australian adults
Authors: Paige Ellie , Korda Rosemary , Kemp-Casey Anna , Rodgers Bryan , Dobbins Timothy , Banks Emily 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Antidepressant use is widespread. While weight gain is a commonly reported side-effect of antidepressant use and has the potential to affect population health, there is little large-scale population-based evidence on the issue, particularly for long-term use (⩾12 months). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between antidepressant use and weight change, including whether this relationship varies according to antidepressant class, recency of use, duration of use and dose. Methods: Annual percentage weight change was calculated from self-reported weight at two time-points from 20,751 participants aged ⩾45 years from the 45 and Up Study – a population-based cohort study from New South Wales, Australia. Antidepressant use, ascertained from linked pharmaceutical data, from 19 months before baseline until end of follow-up (mean = 3.3 years of follow-up), was categorised as current, past-only, non-persistent or non-use. The association between antidepressant use and weight change was modelled using linear and multinomial logistic regressions and according to antidepressant class, recency, duration and dose. Results: Antidepressants were dispensed to 23% of participants ( n = 4748) during the study period. Current antidepressant users were significantly more likely to gain >3% of their body weight annually than non-users (adjusted relative risk ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval: [1.03, 1.38]); the risk increased with increasing dose among current users ( p[trend] = 0.003). Risk of weight gain did not vary significantly according to antidepressant class, recency or duration of use; however, statistical power was limited. No significant associations were found between antidepressant use and weight loss. Conclusion: Current antidepressant use was associated with modest but statistically significant annual gains in weight, with similar effects observed across the different classes of antidepressants used.
Test-retest reliability of the Shape/Texture Identification testTM in people with chronic stroke
Authors: Ekstrand Elisabeth , Lexell Jan , Brogårdh Christina 
Published: October 2015

Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of the Shape/Texture Identification test (STI-testTM) in persons with chronic stroke. Design: A test-retest design. Setting: University hospital outpatient setting. Participants: Forty-five persons (mean age 65 years) with mild to moderate impairments in the arm and hand > 6 months post stroke. Interventions: Not applicable. Main measure: The STI-testTM was used to assess active touch of the hand. It consists of two subtests: identification of shapes and identification of textures, each in three different sizes. Both hands were assessed twice, one week apart. The reliability of the data was evaluated with weighted Kappa statistics and the Svensson rank-invariant method (percentage agreement, systematic and random disagreements). Results: The median total score of the STI-testTM was 5 points (min-max 0-6 points) for the more affected hand and 6 points (min-max 3-6 points) for the less affected hand at both test occasions. The weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.94 for the more affected hand and 0.55 for the less affected hand. The percentage agreement for the more affected hand was 69% for the subtest shapes and 82% for the subtest textures, and for the less affected hand 62% and 91%, respectively. There were no systematic or random disagreements for any of the subtests. Conclusion: The STI-testTM is reliable to assess active touch of the hand after stroke.
The Fate of Meniscus Tears Left In Situ at the Time of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Duchman Kyle R. , Westermann Robert W. , Spindler Kurt P. , Reinke Emily K. , Huston Laura J. , Amendola Annunziato ,   MOON Knee Group, Wolf Brian R. , Parker Richard D. , Dunn Warren R. , Andrish Jack T. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Wright Rick W. , Marx Robert G. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: October 2015

Background: The management of meniscus tears identified at the time of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is highly variable and includes repair, meniscectomy, and nontreatment. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reoperation rate for meniscus tears left untreated at the time of ACL reconstruction with a minimum follow-up of 6 years. The hypothesis was that small peripheral tears identified at the time of ACL reconstruction managed with “no treatment” would have successful clinical outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with meniscus tears left untreated at the time of primary ACL reconstruction were identified from a multicenter study group with a minimum 6-year follow-up. Patient, tear, and reoperation data were obtained for analysis. The need for reoperation was used as the primary endpoint, with analysis performed to determine patient and tear characteristics associated with reoperation. Results: There were 194 patients with 208 meniscus tears (71 medial, 137 lateral) left in situ without treatment with a complete follow-up for analysis. Of these, 97.8% of lateral and 94.4% of medial untreated tears required no reoperation. Sixteen tears (7.7%) left in situ without treatment underwent subsequent reoperation: 9 tears (4.3%) underwent reoperation in the setting of revision ACL reconstruction, and 7 tears (3.4%) underwent reoperation for an isolated meniscus injury. The patient age was significantly lower in patients requiring reoperation, while tears measuring ≥10 mm more frequently required reoperation. Conclusion: Lateral and medial meniscus tears left in situ at the time of ACL reconstruction did not require reoperation at a minimum 6-year follow-up for 97.8% and 94.4% of tears, respectively. These findings re-emphasize the low reoperation rate after the nontreatment of small, peripheral lateral meniscus tears while noting less predictable results for medial meniscus tears left without treatment.
Biocompatibility evaluation of orthodontic composite by real-time cell analysis
Authors: Ersöz M , Malkoç S , Küçük EB , Bozkurt BS , Hakki SS 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three different light-cured orthodontic composites. Material and methods: Light Bond (Reliance orthodontic products), Grengloo (Ormco corporation), and Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe GmbH) were selected for the experiment. Specimens were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Fibroblast cells were obtained from healthy gingival connective tissues. The composite cylinders were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s culture medium for 72 h according to ISO 10993-5 standards. The xCELLigence method was used to evaluate fibroblast cell vitality. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (20,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, gingival fibroblasts were treated with bioactive components released by the orthodontic composite materials and monitored every 15 min for 121 h. Results: There were no significant differences between the human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell indexes of the control and all testing groups ( p > 0.05) at 24 and 48 h. Light Bond demonstrated statistically significant decrease in HGF index ( p < 0.05) at 72 h, but there was no significant difference among the Kurasper F, Grengloo, and untreated control groups ( p > 0.05). Light Bond ( p < 0.001) and Grengloo ( p < 0.05) groups had lower HGF cell index values when compared to untreated control group, but Kurasper F demonstrated no significant differences between the control groups at 96 h ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic composite materials include biologically active components and may change oral tissue. So, biocompatible orthodontic bonding composites should be used.
Coadministration of alloxan and nicotinamide in rats produces biochemical changes in blood and pathological alterations comparable to the changes in type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vattam KK , Raghavendran HRB , Murali MR , Savatey H , Kamarul T 
Published: October 2015

Background: In the present study, thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with varying doses of alloxan (Ax) and nicotinamide (NA). The serum levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were measured weekly up to 4 weeks. Results: Elevated levels of glucose were observed in all groups on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, except in groups a and f (control). The serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in groups b and c on day 7, when compared with that in group f, whereas a decrease in the serum insulin levels was observed in groups d and e on days 21 and 28. The adiponectin levels showed inconsistencies on days 7 and 14. However, significant decrease in the adiponectin levels was observed on days 21 and 28. Histological section of the pancreas showed mild (group a), moderate (group b) to severe (groups c, d, and e) degenerative changes. Concomitant fatty changes in the liver and inflammatory infiltration of the kidney were markedly observed in all the treated groups, when compared to control. Conclusion: These results suggested that the use of selective combination of Ax120 + NA50 injection demonstrated type II diabetes mellitus in rats.
Pediatric Primary Care Involvement in End-of-Life Care for Children
Authors: Lindley Lisa C. , Nageswaran Savithri 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: To examine the relationship between pediatric primary care involvement and hospice and home health care use at end of life. Methods: California Medicaid data were used to estimate the relationship between pediatric primary care involvement and use of hospice and home health care using generalized estimating equations. Results: Of the 2037 children who died between 2007 and 2010, 11% used hospice and 23% used home health. Among all children, primary care was not related to hospice use and was associated with home health use, usual source of care (OR = 1.83, P < .05), comprehensive care (OR = 1.60, P < .05), and continuous care (low: OR = 1.49, P < .05; moderate: OR = 2.57, P < .05; high: OR = 2.12, P < .05). Primary care for children aged 15 to 20 years was related to hospice use, usual source of care (OR = 4.06, P < .05) and continuous care (low: OR = 4.92, P < .05; moderate OR = 4.09, P < .05; high OR = 3.92, P < .05). Primary care for children under 5 years was associated with home health use, usual source of care (OR = 2.59, P < .05), comprehensive care (OR = 2.49, P < .05), and continuous care (low: OR = 2.22, P < .05; moderate: OR = 3.64, P < .05; high: OR = 3.62, P < .05). For children aged 6 to 14 years, this association was seen with continuous care (moderate: OR = 2.38, P < .05; high: OR = 2.13, P < .05). Home health for children aged 15 to 20 years was related to continuous care (moderate: OR = 2.32, P < .05). Conclusion: Primary care involvement affected hospice use among older age-groups and home health use among younger age-groups. These findings underscore the need for clinical knowledge about end-of-life care for children of all ages among primary care providers.