bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Selectivity and Educational Outcomes of Immigrant Children: A Temporal Perspective
Authors: Feniger Yariv , Gorodzeisky Anastasia , Bar-Haim Eyal , Ayalon Hanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite much research on immigrant selectivity, little attention has been given to its temporal dimension. Thus, while immigrant selectivity has been theoretically identified and empirically demonstrated, it has been viewed as a relatively stable social occurrence. The study reported in this paper examined temporal changes in immigrant selectivity using an extensive dataset on migration from the former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel between 1989 and 1994. It was found that the average level of parental education obtained in the country of origin had significantly decreased during a short period of time. By tracking the progress of these immigrants’ children from high school to adulthood through administrative data, a corresponding decrease in educational achievement was observed among the incoming children who migrated to Israel. However, multivariate analysis using linear and logistic regression models showed that the drop in average parental education could not fully explain the decrease in children’s educational attainment. We suggest that immigrant children who arrive in the receiving country after several years of a continuous wave of immigration may also be affected by changes in the receiving education system, as it is trying to cope with growing numbers of new arrivals.
Longitudinal studies of leadership development: a scoping review
Authors: Cotrim Felipe Senna , Da Silva Gomes Jorge Filipe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough various reviews about leadership development (LD) have been published in recent years, no one has attempted to systematically review longitudinal LD studies, which is arguably the most appropriate way to study LD (Day, Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 561–571, 2011). In this way, the focus of the present scoping review is to understand how true longitudinal LD studies have been investigated and what inconsistencies exist, primarily from a methodological perspective. Only business contexts and leadership-associated outcomes are considered. To achieve this, ample searches were performed in five online databases from 1900 to 2021 that returned 1023 articles after the removal of duplicates. Additionally, subject experts were consulted, reference lists of key studies were cross-checked, and handsearch of leading leadership journals was performed. A subsequent and rigorous inclusion process narrowed the sample down to 19 articles. The combined sample contains 2,776 participants (67% male) and 88 waves of data (average of 4.2). Evidence is mapped according to participants, setting, procedures, outcomes, analytical approach, and key findings. Despite many strengths, a lack of context diversity and qualitative designs are noticed. A thematic analysis indicates that LD authors are focused on measuring status, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. Implications for knowledge and future research paths are discussed.
Hindcasting Estuarine Bottom Salinity Using Observing Systems Data and Nonlinear Regression, as Applied to Oysters in Delaware Bay
Authors: Howlader Archi , North Elizabeth W. , Munroe Daphne , Hare Matthew P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSalinity is a major environmental factor that influences the population dynamics of fish and shellfish along coasts and estuaries, yet empirical methods for hindcasting salinity at specific sampling stations are not widely available. The specific aim of this research was to predict the salinity experienced by juvenile and adult oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected at sampling stations in Delaware Bay. To do so, empirical relationships were created to predict salinity at five oyster bed stations using observing systems data. These relationships were then applied to construct indices of salinity exposure over an oyster’s lifetime. Three independent salinity data sources were used in conjunction with observing systems data to construct and validate the predictive relationships. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the models ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 psu when model predictions were compared with the three independent data sets. Results demonstrated that data from an observing system near the head of Delaware Bay could be used to predict salinity within ± 2 psu at oyster bed stations as far down-estuary as 39 km. When these models were applied to estimate low salinity exposure of 2-year-old oysters via the metric of consecutive days below 5 psu, the indices suggested that there could be as much as a 42-day difference in low salinity exposure for oysters at stations just 31 km apart. The approach of using observing systems data to hindcast salinity could be applied to advance understanding of salt distribution and the effect of low salinity exposure on organisms in other estuaries, especially bottom-associated species.
A Research-Practice Partnership to Develop the R-CITY Multi-Component, Equity-Focused Social–Emotional Learning Intervention
Authors: Bottiani Jessika H. , Gillins Maisha , Griffin Charity Brown , Kaihoi Chelsea A. , Hughes Lorenzo , Pendergrass Sharon , Pandey Toshna , Voegtlin Ryan , Rouiller Sandy , Pas Elise T. , Debnam Katrina J. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in the integration of social–emotional learning (SEL) and equity approaches in schools, yet systematic research on how to blend these two frameworks is limited. In this article, we describe the process by which a research-practice partnership (RPP) collaborated to iteratively co-create a multi-component equity-focused SEL preventive intervention in the context of a politically charged landscape related to the ‘dual pandemics’ of racial injustice and COVID-19 in the early 2020s. We conducted a document review of informal data sources (e.g., meeting minutes, correspondence) and analyses of formal data sources (i.e., teacher interviews, student focus groups) to describe how we overcame challenges to form an RPP, to demonstrate our collaborative intervention development efforts, and to assess feedback on the contextual appropriateness of the intervention. We discuss lessons learned from our partnership efforts and reflect on future directions for RPP-driven work to advance equity-focused SEL in K-12 public schools.
A multi-technique approach to unveil the composition and fabrication of a pre-Roman glass masterpiece: a double-faced human-head shape polychrome glass pendant (2nd -1st c. BC)
Authors: Barroso-Solares S. , Estalayo E. , Aramendia J. , Rodriguez-Gutierrez E. , Sanz-Minguez C. , Prieto A. C. , Madariaga J. M. , Pinto J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPre-Roman glass craftsmanship reached its summit with the development of complex polychrome glass beads, being the Phoenician glass pendants the most exquisite and elaborate example. The uniqueness and complexity of such findings could reveal key information for the understanding of the production and trade of glass pieces at that age. However, these findings have practically never been studied from a physic-chemical perspective. In this work, a remarkable polychrome glass pendant (2nd -1st c. BC) found at the archaeological site of Pintia (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain) is studied by a multi-analytical non-destructive approach, employing X-ray tomography to understand its fabrication procedure, as well as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, both employed in microscopic mode, to determine the composition of each glass employed in its fabrication. The outstanding preservation state and well-defined archaeological context of this glass pendant offered a unique opportunity to expand the understanding of pre-Roman glass pieces, while the combination of the experimental techniques employed provided the first complete and detailed study of a Phoenician glass pendant. The fabrication procedure of the pendant has been identified step-by-step, showing evidence of the use of pre-made pieces for the eyes, as well as hints of its fabrication in a secondary workshop. Moreover, the microchemical analysis of the vividly colored glasses by XRF and Raman spectroscopy revealed a composition compatible with the use of natron as fluxing agent, typical of Phoenician glass, the presence of surface alterations corresponding to carbonatation processes, as well as the nature of the employed chromophores or pigments: Mn, Cu, and Co for the blue, Fe-S for the black, CaSb2O7 and CaSb2O7 + TiO2 for two diverse white glasses, and a pyrochloric triple oxide (Pb2Sb2 − xSnxO7−x/2) and lead oxides for the yellow. Remarkably, the use of pyrochloric triple oxides as yellow pigments has scarcely been previously reported at that age. Finally, the identification by Raman spectroscopy of CaSb2O7 and the β-phase of CaSiO3, as well as the Raman spectra features of the glass matrix corresponding to the blue glass, indicated maximum firing temperatures below 1100 °C.
Management of the vaccination campaign in a population of frail older outpatients affected by cognitive or endocrinological conditions: a pilot study in Italy
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Ragusa Francesco Saverio , Titone Pascal Roberto , Vernuccio Laura , Catanese Giuseppina , Randazzo Maria Angela , Palermo Mario , Di Bella Giovanna , Mansueto Pasquale , Dominguez Ligia J. , Barbagallo Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVaccination, particularly against pneumococcus and influenza, is a low-cost primary prevention, useful to avoid hard complications, particularly among frail older people. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the effect of a strategy for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination for outpatients mainly affected by cognitive or endocrinological conditions, evaluating what could stimulate or demotivate vaccination among older people. This study was conducted during the 2023–2024 influenza season at the outpatient clinics in Palermo, Italy. A total 76 patients were included. More than half of the patients could be considered as pre-frail and about 20% frail, according to a comprehensive geriatric evaluation. Among patients, 46.05% received only vaccination against pneumococcus, 28.95% both vaccinations, and 25.0% only against influenza. Compared with the previous seasons, a 19.5% increase of influenza and 90.2% of pneumococcal vaccine uptake was observed. Side effects of vaccination were the main reason of the previous rejection, namely 76.9% for influenza and 53.8% for anti-pneumococcal vaccination. In conclusion, our study indicates how a new vaccination strategy in different settings could be feasible. Proposing influenza and pneumococcal vaccination for frail older outpatients could be an effective instrument to improve immunization coverage that is still low among older people.
Involvement of cognitive abilities in the occurrence of fractures in fallers aged 55 years or older: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Attoh-Mensah Elpidio , Pothier Kristell , Loggia Gilles , Morello Remy , Chavoix Chantal , Marcelli Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Both bone fragility and poor cognitive functions are known to contribute to fracture occurrence, but it remains unclear whether their contribution is independent of each other and which cognitive dysfunctions are most involved. This study aimed to clarify the involvement of various cognitive abilities in fall-related fractures among community-dwelling fallers aged 55 and over, and to determine whether poor cognitive abilities is a risk factor independent of bone fragility.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, we collected sociodemographic and medical data, including bone mineral density (BMD), and performed cognitive and mobility assessments in 189 individuals with a history of fall in the previous year.

Results
Fallers with a fracture had poorer cognitive and mobility performance than non-injured fallers. Multivariate regressions revealed that cognition, BMD and other risk factors were independently associated with fracture among all participants (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, p = 0.034 for completion time on part A of the Trail Making Test [TMT-A], and OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33–0.84, p < 0.001 for BMD), particularly in women (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60–0.98, p = 0.039 for backward digit span score, and OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.25–0.75, p = 0.001 for BMD).

Conclusion
Thus, poor cognition, especially poor processing speed and working memory, is associated with an increased risk of fracture in fallers, particularly in women, regardless of BMD or other fracture risk factors. Hence, an in-depth cognitive evaluation should enhance the detection of fallers at risk of fracture, particularly in the absence of signs of osteoporosis, and thus ensure the best possible prevention.
Study on static characteristics of a novel prestress-reinforced railway subgrade
Authors: Dong Junli , Xu Fang , Zhang Qishu , Leng Wuming , Li Yafeng , Yang Qi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding the reinforcement effect of the newly developed prestressed reinforcement components (PRCs) (a system composed of prestressed steel bars (PSBs), protective sleeves, lateral pressure plates (LPPs), and anchoring elements) is technically significant for the rational design of prestressed subgrade. A three-dimensional finite element model was established and verified based on a novel static model test and utilized to systematically analyze the influence of prestress levels and reinforcement modes on the reinforcement effect of the subgrade. The results show that the PRCs provide additional confining pressure to the subgrade through the diffusion effect of the prestress, which can therefore effectively improve the service performance of the subgrade. Compared to the unreinforced conventional subgrades, the settlements of prestress-reinforced subgrades are reduced. The settlement attenuation rate (R
s) near the LPPs is larger than that at the subgrade center, and increasing the prestress positively contributes to the stability of the subgrade structure. In the multi-row reinforcement mode, the reinforcement effect of PRCs can extend from the reinforced area to the unreinforced area. In addition, as the horizontal distance from the LPPs increases, the additional confining pressure converted by the PSBs and LPPs gradually diminishes when spreading to the core load bearing area of the subgrade, resulting in a decrease in the R
s. Under the single-row reinforcement mode, PRCs can be strategically arranged according to the local areas where subgrade defects readily occurred or observed, to obtain the desired reinforcement effect. Moreover, excessive prestress should not be applied near the subgrade shoulder line to avoid the shear failure of the subgrade shoulder. PRCs can be flexibly used for preventing and treating various subgrade defects of newly constructed or existing railway lines, achieving targeted and classified prevention, and effectively improving the bearing performance and deformation resistance of the subgrade. The research results are instructive for further elucidating the prestress reinforcement effect of PRCs on railway subgrades.
Workplace Exposures Vary Across Neighborhoods in the US: Implications on Social Vulnerability and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities
Authors: Shkembi Abas , Zelner Jon , Park Sung Kyun , Neitzel Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIgnoring workplace exposures that occur beyond the local residential context in place-based risk indices like the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) likely misclassifies community exposure by under-counting risks and obscuring true drivers of racial/ethnic health disparities. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed several place-based indicators of occupational exposure and examined their relationships with race/ethnicity, SVI, and health inequities. We used publicly available job exposure matrices and employment estimates from the United States (US) Census to create and map six indicators of occupational hazards for every census tract in the US. We characterized census tracts with high workplace–low SVI scores. We used natural cubic splines to examine tract level associations between the percentage of racial/ethnic minorities (individuals who are not non-Hispanic White) and the occupational indicators. Lastly, we stratified each census tract into high/low occupational noise, chemical pollutant, and disease/infection exposure to examine racial/ethnic health disparities to diabetes, asthma, and high blood pressure, respectively, as a consequence of occupational exposure inequities. Our results show that racial/ethnic minority communities, particularly those that are also low-income, experience a disproportionate burden of workplace exposures that may be contributing to racial/ethnic health disparities. When composite risk measures, such as SVI, are calculated using only information from the local residential neighborhood, they may systematically under-count occupational risks experienced by the most vulnerable communities. There is a need to consider the role of occupational justice on nationwide, racial/ethnic health disparities.
Insights into Early Interactions on Innovative Developments with European Regulators
Authors: Uster David W. , Cordo’ Valentina , Cormier Emmanuel , Ehmann Falk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The European Medicines Agency Innovation Task Force (ITF) acts as early point of contact for medicine and technology developers to enable innovation during early drug development stages through ITF briefing meetings.

Aim
To reflect on the current pace of innovation and to assess the potential of ITF stakeholder interactions, a comprehensive analysis of the ITF briefing meetings held between 2021 and 2022 was conducted with a focus on individual questions raised by the developers and the related feedback provided by the European regulators.

Methods
Questions raised during ITF briefing meetings were extracted and categorised into main and sub-categories, revealing different themes across the whole medicine development process such as manufacturing technologies, pre-clinical developments, and clinically relevant questions.

Results
There was positive feedback from regulators who gave initial guidance in 85% of the answers, provided concrete examples in 20% of the answers and recommended to continue discussions through additional regulatory procedures in 22% of the answers.

Conclusion
This analysis frames the content and the type of topics discussed during ITF briefing meetings. Moreover, it describes the type of regulatory feedback provided to medicine developers and identified potential for improvement of these early interactions. Therefore, this analysis emphasises the role of ITF briefing meetings in fostering innovation in medicine.
Characterizing narrative feedback and predictors of feedback content on an entrustable professional activity (EPA) assessment tool
Authors: Murillo Alyssa D. , Gozali Aileen , Brian Riley , Highet Alex , Gomes Camilla , Cate Olle Ten , Alseidi Adnan , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , Vu Lan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although EPA assessment tools generally allow for narrative feedback, limited data exist defining characteristics and predictors of such feedback. We explored narrative feedback characteristics and their associations with entrustment, case-specific variables, and faculty/trainee characteristics.

Methods
Our general surgery residency piloted an intraoperative Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) assessment tool in 2022. The tool included an entrustment score, four sub-scores, and narrative feedback. Given strong intercorrelations (r = 0.45–0.69) and high reliability (α = 0.84) between sub-scores, we summed the four sub-scores into a composite score. We coded narrative feedback for valence (reinforcing vs constructive), specificity (specific vs general), appreciation (recognizing or rewarding trainee), coaching (offering a better way to do something), and evaluation (assessing against set of standards). Multivariable regression analyzed associations between feedback characteristics and entrustment score, composite score, PGY level, case difficulty, trainee/faculty gender, gender matching, faculty years in practice, faculty case volume with trainees, faculty evaluation score, and trainees’ under-represented in medicine (URiM) status.

Results
Forty-six faculty completed 325 intraoperative EPA assessments for 44 trainees. Narrative feedback had high valence (82%) and specificity (80%). Comments frequently contained appreciation (89%); coaching (51%) and evaluation (38%) were less common. We found that faculty gender, trainee gender, and gender match predicted feedback characteristics. Generally, entrustment level, composite score, and PGY level correlated with feedback types (Table).

Conclusion
Entrustment and performance relate to the type of feedback received. Gender and gender match resulted in different types of feedback. Evaluative feedback was the least prevalent and warrants further exploration since evaluation is critical for learning.
Accountability, reasons-responsiveness, and narcos’ moral responsibility
Authors: Rudy-Hiller Fernando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A prominent position about moral responsibility claims that a necessary condition on accountability blame is that, at the time of action, the agent must be sufficiently reasons-responsive so as to be capable of acting differently by following the pertinent moral reasons and thus avoid wrongdoing. Call this the Accountability with Avoidability view (or AWA). In this paper I aim to show that AWA is false by doing three things. First, I argue that it badly contradicts moral commonsense concerning the moral responsibility of a particularly egregious kind of wrongdoer. Second, I show that AWA’s three most prominent rationales—based on the notions of desert, demands, and excuses—all fail to support a robust reasons-responsiveness requirement on accountability. Finally, I sketch an alternative conception of accountability—accountability without avoidability—that dispenses with robust reasons-responsiveness and appeals instead to the capacity of agents to convey moral meaning through their conduct as the key element in the moral psychology of responsible agency.