bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coming in from the Cold? Euroscepticism, Government Participation and Party Positions on Europe*
Authors: TAGGART PAUL , SZCZERBIAK ALEKS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe focus of the article is to use the changed landscape of Euroscepticism to look broadly across a set of cases of government participation by parties holding Eurosceptical positions to examine whether government participation has an effect on their European positions and whether participation by Eurosceptic parties in government has had an effect on their European policy. In general, while there does seem to be a moderating effect of government participation on a party's Euroscepticism, there are notable cases of Eurosceptic party participation in government having some discernible impact on policy, but under somewhat specific conditions. The impact is clearly different for major and minor parties and, in the case of the latter, moderating their Euroscepticism is often a signifier of a wider process of party mainstreaming. In some cases, while parties continue to use Eurosceptic rhetoric when in office, this does not appear to translate into substantial policy change.
Euroscepticism and the Global Financial Crisis*
Authors: SERRICCHIO FABIO , TSAKATIKA MYRTO , QUAGLIA LUCIA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores the link between the financial crisis and Euroscepticism at the level of public opinion, building on and developing further the literature on the impact of economic, identity and institutional factors on Euroscepticism. It argues that the economic crisis did not substantially bring economic factors back in as an important source of Euroscepticism, even though the most pronounced increase in Euroscepticism has taken place in the countries most affected by the crisis. By contrast, national identity and political institutions play an increasingly important role in explaining public Euroscepticism.
Does Familiarity Breed Contempt? Determinants of Public Support for European Integration and Opposition to It before and after Accession
Authors: GUERRA SIMONA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article empirically tests how determinants of public support in Poland for the European Union change before and after accession. Despite studies on public attitudes towards EU integration and Euroscepticism that flourished in the run‐up to accession, there is no evidence of how determinants changed over time. This study suggests that in Poland citizens support the EU on the basis of a form of ‘unconditional support’ and general benefits for the country before accession, while personal benefits can become more determinant after accession.
Using claw marks to study lion predation on giraffes of the Serengeti
Authors: Strauss M. K. L. , Packer C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough lions Panthera leo are the main predators of the giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis, interactions between these species are rarely observed directly. As a consequence, little is known about the effects of lions on giraffe mortality and behavior. We test patterns of lion predation on Masai giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi using a new methodology: lion claw marks observable on the skin of live giraffes. We studied 702 individually known giraffes in 3 non‐neighboring areas of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania between August 2008 and November 2010. Lion claw marks were observed on 13% of giraffes older than 1 year. Claw marks were most frequently detected on giraffe hindquarters and flanks, revealing that non‐lethal lion attacks occur most often from the rear. No claw marks were observed on calves (0–1 year), suggesting that calves rarely survive lion attacks. In the adult age class (>5 years), claw‐mark prevalence was significantly higher among females than males. We observed substantial variation in claw‐mark prevalence across study areas, indicating that lion predation risk may be heterogeneous within Serengeti. We find that claw marks are an important source of data on interactions between lions and giraffes.
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in brain diseases: Clinical experience
Authors: Schoknecht Karl , Shalev Hadar 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe blood–brain barrier, a unique feature of the cerebral vasculature, is gaining attention as a feature in common neurologic disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Although acute blood–brain barrier dysfunction can induce cerebral edema, seizures, or neuropsychiatric symptoms, epileptogenesis and cognitive decline are among the chronic effects. The mechanisms underlying blood–brain barrier dysfunction are diverse and may range from physical endothelial damage in traumatic brain injury to degradation of extracellular matrix proteins via matrix metalloproteinases as part of an inflammatory response. Clinically, blood–brain barrier dysfunction is often detected using contrast‐enhanced imaging. However, these techniques do not give any insights into the underlying mechanism. Elucidating the specific pathways of blood–brain barrier dysfunction at different time points and in different brain diseases using novel imaging techniques promises a more accurate blood–brain barrier terminology as well as new treatment options and personalized treatment.
Mechanisms underlying blood–brain barrier dysfunction in brain pathology and epileptogenesis: Role of astroglia
Authors: Kovács Richard , Heinemann Uwe , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAstrocytes are increasingly recognized as equal partners to neurons, also contributing to neurologic disorders such as epilepsy. Activated astrocytes are a common hallmark in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and Ammon′s horn sclerosis. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening during status epilepticus has short‐term proepileptic effects, as the ionic composition of serum interferes with neuronal excitability. In the long run, astrocytic uptake of albumin induces transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)–mediated signaling cascades, leading to changes in astrocytic properties. Down‐regulation of astrocytic inward rectifier K+ channels and altered surface expression of the water channel, aquaporin 4 results in disturbances in spatial K+ buffering, thereby rendering the tissue more seizure prone. The expression of astrocytic gap junctional proteins connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 30 (Cx30) is altered in epilepsy, and changes in gap junctional communication were found in sclerotic hippocampal tissue in animal models of epilepsy. Although gap junctional communication might exert both proepileptic and antiepileptic effects, double knock out of Cx43 and Cx30 resulted in occurrence of spontaneous epileptiform events. Seizures are associated with massive increases in cerebral blood flow in order to cover the increased energy demand. Hemodynamic responses at the microcirculation level are mediated by astrocyte–pericyte interactions, sharing common mechanisms with spatial K+ buffering. Although many of the astrocytic mechanisms involving spatial K+ buffering, nitric oxide, adenosine, and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)‐mediated signalling are altered in epilepsy, little is known how these alterations affect neurovascular coupling. In conclusion, astrocytic activation preceding alterations in neuronal function might critically contribute to epileptogenesis. Therefore, astrocytes represent a promising new target for the development of antiepileptic drugs.
Evaluation of Cut Accuracy and Cis Cortical Damage for Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Performed with and without Aid of a Novel Saw Guide: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Burton Neil J. , Fitzpatrick Noel , Wallace Adrian M. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo compare osteotomy orientation relative to the sagittal and transverse planes of the tibia, and cis cortical damage for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) performed with the following aids: (1) Synthes TPLO jig and saw guide, (2) Slocum TPLO jig with ancillary Kirschner wires (SlocumK), and (3) Slocum jig alone.Study DesignIn vitro study on Synbone® bone models and canine cadavers.AnimalsCadaveric pelvic limbs pairs (n = 30).MethodsTPLO was performed on 30 Synbone tibias with either the Slocum jig (n = 10), SlocumK (10), or Synthes jig (10). Synbones were analyzed to quantify osteotomy inclination, torsion, craniocaudal positioning, and medial cortical bone damage. Osteotomies were performed on cadaveric tibias and CT reconstruction used to assess the same osteotomy parameters.ResultsSignificant differences in Synbone tibial osteotomy inclination (P < .001), medial cortical bone damage (P < .001) and craniocaudal osteotomy position (P < .05) were observed between the Synthes and Slocum jigs. CT analysis revealed significant differences in osteotomy inclination (P < .001) and torsion (P < .001). The use of the SlocumK resulted in osteotomies with minimal torsional malalignment however with high levels of metal debris and accelerated blunting of the TPLO blade.ConclusionTPLO osteotomy inclination, torsion, and craniocaudal positioning are improved and the degree of iatrogenic medial cortical bone damage is minimal with the Synthes TPLO jig compared to the Slocum TPLO jig.
Different but Equal? On the Contribution of Dissident Economists
Authors: Sutter Daniel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe availability of publication and citation databases facilitate construction of rankings of economics journals, economists, and departments. Mainstream economists typically find the research questions and methods of heterodox economists dubious, and this reaction creates a bias against heterodox research in peer review, which extends to traditional bibliometric rankings. University administrators interested in improving the quality of the economics department, as conventionally measured, will see heterodox economists as a liability. But establishing the bias of conventional metrics of scholarship quality and the consequences of these biases does not establish the comparable worth of the contributions of dissident economists. This special issue seeks innovated ways to document the relative quality of the contributions of dissident economists.
The Social Construction of Theoretical Landscapes: Some Economics of Economic Theories
Authors: Wagner Richard E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEconomic theory emerges through interaction among interested participants, with the content of those theories being a product of spontaneous ordering and not scientific planning. At any moment, it is reasonable to expect various theoretical formulations to be in play, some typically receiving greater attention than others. As with spontaneous orders in general, the institutional arrangements within which theorizing occurs are influential though not determinative over the characteristics of theories. In this respect, a distinction is made between theories directed at understanding social processes as open and creative and theories directed at controlling what are treated as closed and deterministic processes. This distinction is illustrated with respect to theorizing about macro phenomena and public phenomena.
Toward Personalized Sexual Medicine (Part 1): Integrating the “Dual Control Model” into Differential Drug Treatments for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Authors: Bloemers Jos , van Rooij Kim , Poels Saskia , Goldstein Irwin , Everaerd Walter , Koppeschaar Hans , Chivers Meredith , Gerritsen Jeroen , van Ham Diana , Olivier Berend , Tuiten Adriaan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
In three related manuscripts we describe our drug development program for the treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). In this first theoretical article we will defend the hypothesis that different causal mechanisms are responsible for the emergence of HSDD: low sexual desire in women (with HSDD) could be due to either a relative insensitive brain system for sexual cues or to enhanced activity of sexual inhibitory mechanisms. This distinction in etiological background was taken into account when designing and developing new pharmacotherapies for this disorder.
Irrespective of circulating plasma levels of testosterone, administration of sublingual 0.5 mg testosterone increases the sensitivity of the brain to sexual cues. The effects of an increase in sexual sensitivity of the brain depend on the motivational state of an individual. It might activate sexual excitatory mechanisms in low sensitive women, while it could evoke (or strengthen) sexual inhibitory mechanisms in women prone to sexual inhibition. Sexual stimulation in the brain is necessary for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i)-mediated increase in genital sexual response. Accordingly, a single dose of T+PDE5i might enhance sexual responsiveness, especially in women with low sensitivity to sexual cues. In other women sexual stimulation might elicit a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated phasic increase in sexual inhibition, in which activity of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) is involved. We hypothesize that a single dose of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor agonist (5-HT1Ara) will reduce the sexual-stimulation-induced PFC-mediated sexual inhibition during a short period after administration. Consequently, treatment with T+5-HT1Ara will be more effective, in particular in women exhibiting sexual inhibition.
Bloemers J, van Rooij K, Poels S, Goldstein I, Everaerd W, Koppeschaar H, Chivers M, Gerritsen J, van Ham D, Olivier B, and Tuiten A. Toward personalized sexual medicine (part 1): Integrating the “dual control model” into differential drug treatments for hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual arousal disorder. J Sex Med 2013;10:791–809
Based on the results of our efficacy studies described in parts 2 and 3 of the series, we conclude that tailoring on-demand therapeutics to different underlying etiologies might be a useful approach to treat common symptoms in subgroups of women with HSDD.
Modelling the impacts of climate change on surface runoff in small Mediterranean catchments: empirical evidence from Greece
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Kleomenis , Chalkias Christos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDuring the last decades, a major factor that analysts and policy makers take into account in the assessment of the environment is climate change. This global physical process is expected to cause problems in natural and human environment. Thus, modelling climate change impacts may lead to prevention policies to minimize the degradation of life quality because of lack of water resources in the future. This study implicates Geographical Information System (GIS) and hydrological modelling tools to various scenarios of climate change such as the increase of temperature the decrease of rainfall, or even both of them, to estimate the potential impact of climate change on surface runoff in a typical catchment in Andros Island, Greece. Primary results indicate a proportional runoff decrease in the next 50 years because of global climate changes.
Varieties of Resilience in MIDUS
Authors: Ryff Carol , Friedman Elliot , Fuller‐Rowell Thomas , Love Gayle , Miyamoto Yuri , Morozink Jennifer , Radler Barry , Tsenkova Vera 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPopulation‐based studies of health typically focus on psychosocial contributors to illness and disease. We examine findings from a national longitudinal study of American adults, known as MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.) to examine the role of psychosocial factors in promoting resilience, defined as the maintenance, recovery, or improvement in health following challenge. Classic studies of resilience are briefly noted, followed by a look at three categories of resilience in MIDUS. The first pertains to having good health and well‐being in the face of low socioeconomic standing. The second pertains to maintaining good health and well‐being despite the challenges that accompany aging. The third pertains to resilience in the face of targeted life challenges such as abuse in childhood, loss of spouse in adulthood, or having cancer. Across each area, we summarize evidence of positive health, and where possible, highlight protective influences that account for such salubrious outcomes. We conclude with opportunities for future research in MIDUS such as examining cultural and genetic influences on resilience as well as utilizing laboratory challenge data to illuminate underlying mechanisms.
Antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide vehicles and calcium hydroxide pastes
Authors: Pacios María Gabriela , Silva Clara , López María Elena , Cecilia Marta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the in vitro action of vehicles alone and with calcium hydroxide against different bacterial species.MethodsAgar plates were inoculated with the microbial suspensions, and wells were made and filled with the calcium hydroxide pastes and the vehicles used to prepare the pastes. The zones of inhibited bacterial growth were recorded, and the resulting measurements were statistically analyzed.ResultsEnterococcus faecalis was the most resistant microorganism to all medicaments. Calcium hydroxide + p‐monochlorophenol; calcium hydroxide + p‐monochlorophenol‐propylene glycol pastes; and p‐monochlorophenol, p‐monochlorophenol‐propylene glycol, and chlorhexidine gluconate gel alone showed the largest zones of inhibition against all the tested microorganisms.ConclusionsThe vehicle used to prepare the calcium hydroxide paste might contribute to its antibacterial action. Chlorhexidine gluconate gel used alone, and camphorated p‐monochlorophenol and camphorated p‐monochlorophenol‐propylene glycol as vehicles of calcium hydroxide, could be recommended, in an antimicrobial sense.
Nonlinear Analysis of Fibrillatory Electrogram Similarity to Optimize the Detection of Complex Fractionated Electrograms During Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LIN YENN‐JIANG , LO MEN‐TZUNG , LIN CHEN , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , LO LI‐WEI , HU YU‐FENG , CHAO TZE‐FAN , LI CHENG‐HUNG , CHANG YI‐CHUNG , HSIEH WAN‐HSIN , CHUNG FA‐PO , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , CHANG HUNG‐YU , HUANG NORDEN E. , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: November 2012

Nonlinear Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Currently, the identification of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFEs) in the substrate modification is mostly based on cycle length‐derived algorithms. The characteristics of the fibrillation electrogram morphology and their consistency over time are not clear. The aim of this study was to optimize the detection algorithm of crucial CFEs by using nonlinear measure electrogram similarity.
Methods and Results:
One hundred persistent atrial fibrillation patients that underwent catheter ablation were included. In patients who required CFE ablation (79%), the time‐domain fibrillation signals (6 seconds) were acquired for a linear analysis (mean fractionation interval and dominant frequency [DF]) and nonlinear‐based waveform similarity analysis of the local electrograms, termed the similarity index (SI). Continuous CFEs were targeted with an endpoint of termination. Predictors of the various signal characteristics on the termination and clinical outcome were investigated.Procedural termination was observed in 39% and long‐term sinus rhythm maintenance in 67% of the patients. The targeted CFEs didn't differ based on the linear analysis modalities between the patients who responded and did not respond to CFE ablation. In contrast, the average SI of the targeted CFEs was higher in termination patients, and they had a better outcome. Multivariate regression analysis showed that a higher SI independently predicted sites of termination (≥0.57; OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 1.33–18.0; P = 0.017).
Conclusions:
In persistent AF patients, a cycle length‐based linear analysis could not differentiate culprit CFEs from bystanders. This study suggested that sites with a high level of fibrillation electrogram similarity at the CFE sites were important for AF maintenance. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 280‐289, March 2013)
Analyses of a Glycine max Degradome Library Identify microRNA Targets and MicroRNAs that Trigger Secondary SiRNA Biogenesis
Authors: Hu Zheng , Jiang Qiyan , Ni Zhiyong , Chen Rui , Xu Shuo , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression mainly by guiding cleavage of target mRNAs. In this study, a degradome library constructed from different soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) tissues was deep‐sequenced. 428 potential targets of small interfering RNAs and 25 novel miRNA families were identified. A total of 211 potential miRNA targets, including 174 conserved miRNA targets and 37 soybean‐specific miRNA targets, were identified. Among them, 121 targets were first discovered in soybean. The signature distribution of soybean primary miRNAs (pri‐miRNAs) showed that most pri‐miRNAs had the characteristic pattern of Dicer processing. The biogenesis of TAS3 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) was conserved in soybean, and nine Auxin Response Factors were identified as TAS3 siRNA targets. Twenty‐three miRNA targets produced secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in soybean. These targets were guided by five miRNAs: gma‐miR393, gma‐miR1508, gma‐miR1510, gma‐miR1514, and novel‐11. Multiple targets of these secondary siRNAs were detected. These 23 miRNA targets may be the putative novel TAS genes in soybean. Global identification of miRNA targets and potential novel TAS genes will contribute to research on the functions of miRNAs in soybean.
Expression of oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in HIV‐infected subjects with long‐term use of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Nittayananta Wipawee , Kemapunmanus Marisa , Yangngam Supaporn , Talungchit Sineepat , Sriplung Hutcha 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to determine (i) the expression of oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in HIV‐infected subjects compared with non‐HIV controls, (ii) the oral SLPI expression in HIV‐infected subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those without ART, and (iii) factors associated with the expression of oral SLPI.MethodsOral tissues and samples of both un‐stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected from HIV‐infected subjects with and without ART, and non‐HIV individuals. The expression of SLPI mRNA in the tissue was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Salivary SLPI protein was detected using ELISA. Chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association between HIV/ART status and the expression of oral SLPI.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐seven HIV‐infected subjects were enrolled: 99 on ART (age range, 23–57 years; mean, 39 years), 58 not on ART (age range, 20–59 years; mean, 34 years), and 50 non‐HIV controls (age range, 19–59 years; mean, 36 years). The most common ART regimen was 2NRTIs + 1NNRTI. The expression of oral SLPI in stimulated saliva was significantly decreased with HIV infection (P < 0.001). The expression was also significantly different with respect to ART use (P = 0.007). Smoking, CD4+ cell count, and HIV viral load were the factors associated with the oral SLPI expression.ConclusionThe expression of oral SLPI is altered by HIV infection and use of ART. Thus, oral SLPI may be the useful biomarker to identify subjects at risk of infections and malignant transformation due to HIV infection and long‐term ART.