bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argentine psychiatry: report on the 30th Congress
Authors: Brown Paul 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: To give a contextualised personal account of the 30th Annual Congress of the Argentine Association of Psychiatrists. Methods: Conference attendance and analysis of talks. Results: The congress demonstrated that Argentine psychiatry is held back by oppressive political regimes and by government underfunding. The drug companies and third-party payers are entering the vacuum. Conclusions: Argentine trainees and consultants feel ill-prepared to meet the demands of the biomedical psychiatry.
Ræstur fiskur: air-dried fermented fish the Faroese way
Authors: Svanberg Ingvar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundFish has played an important role in the diet of the population of the mid-Atlantic Faroe Islands. Dried and fermented fish in particular have been an essential storable protein source in an economy where weather conditions and seasonal fluctuations affect the availability of food. For generations the islanders have preparedræstur fiskur, a home-made air-dried and fermented fish dish made of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhuaL.) or saithe (Pollachius virens(L.)). Fermenting the fish is an efficient and valuable cultural strategy for preserving fish.MethodsThis ethnobiological study investigates the historical and present use of fermented fish in Faroese cuisine and examines its preservation as an everyday food that Faroese men pride themselves on making in high quality. This study is based on field notes collected through interviews and observations on the Faroe Islands since the mid-1990s.ResultsProcessed fish could be stored for a long period of time; this was important in an economy where weather conditions and seasonal fluctuations affect food availability dramatically. For this reason, home-made air-dried fish has been central to the food security of the Faroese people. Usually consumed with tallow from sheep, the dish was once appreciated customarily on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve, but has been largely replaced by Danish dishes. However, it has survived as everyday food until today.ConclusionThe presence of small-scale fishing, changing economic conditions, socially acquired taste-preferences, and the importance of old-fashioned dishes as key symbols of cultural identity, all contribute to the survival ofræstur fiskurin Faroese food culture. Today, the dish is not only an essential food source, but its consumption is also an important act of identification and solidarity with the national identity of the islanders.
Central delivery of iodine-125–labeled cetuximab, etanercept and anakinra after perispinal injection in rats: possible implications for treating Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Roerink Megan E. , Groen Rob JM , Franssen Gerben , Lemmers-van de Weem Bianca , Boerman Otto C. , van der Meer Jos WM 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating condition, and the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. Inflammation, in reaction to amyloid deposition, is thought to accelerate cognitive decline. With tumor necrosis factor α being an important proinflammatory cytokine, a recent trial investigated the effect of the tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor etanercept after peripheral administration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Although there was no significant effect, others have claimed spectacular effects of etanercept after perispinal injection. In the present study, the central delivery of drugs with a large molecular weight was evaluated after injection in the cervical perispinal region in rats. If successful, this strategy might increase therapeutic options for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods
Nine male Sprague–Dawley rats were given injections of iodine-125–labeled cetuximab (146 kDa), etanercept (51 kDa), and anakinra (17 kDa). Each radioiodinated drug was injected in the perispinal region in two rats and into the dorsal tail vein in one rat. Directly after injection, the rats were placed in a head-down position for 3 minutes to direct blood flow into the valveless vertebral venous system. A single-positron emission computed tomography scan was acquired starting 5 minutes after injection, subsequently the rats were euthanized and bio-distribution was determined.

Results
Intracranial delivery of the radiolabeled drugs could not be visualized in all but one of the rats. Injected drugs accumulated locally in the perispinal region.

Conclusions
In this study, no evidence could be found for the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system after perispinal injection. Additional research is needed before this treatment can be used in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Predicting Alzheimer's disease development: a comparison of cognitive criteria and associated neuroimaging biomarkers
Authors: Callahan Brandy L. , Ramirez Joel , Berezuk Courtney , Duchesne Simon , Black Sandra E. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The definition of “objective cognitive impairment” in current criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) varies considerably between research groups and clinics. This study aims to compare different methods of defining memory impairment to improve prediction models for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from baseline to 24 months.

Methods
The sensitivity and specificity of six methods of defining episodic memory impairment (< −1, −1.5 or −2 standard deviations [SD] on one or two memory tests) were compared in 494 non-demented seniors from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using the area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic analysis. The added value of non-memory measures (language and executive function) and biomarkers (hippocampal and white-matter hyperintensity volume, brain parenchymal fraction [BPF], and APOEε4 status) was investigated using logistic regression.

Results
Baseline scores < −1 SD on two memory tests predicted AD with 75.91 % accuracy (AUC = 0.80). Only APOE ε4 status further improved prediction (B = 1.10, SE = 0.45, p = .016). A < −1.5 SD cut-off on one test had 66.60 % accuracy (AUC = 0.77). Prediction was further improved using Trails B/A ratio (B = 0.27, SE = 0.13, p = .033), BPF (B = −15.97, SE = 7.58, p = .035), and APOEε4 status (B = 1.08, SE = 0.45, p = .017). A cut-off of < −2 SD on one memory test (AUC = 0.77, SE = 0.03, 95 % CI 0.72-0.82) had 76.52 % accuracy in predicting AD. Trails B/A ratio (B = 0.31, SE = 0.13, p = .017) and APOE ε4 status (B = 1.07, SE = 0.46, p = .019) improved predictive accuracy.

Conclusions
Episodic memory impairment in MCI should be defined as scores < −1 SD below normative references on at least two measures. Clinicians or researchers who administer a single test should opt for a more stringent cut-off and collect and analyze whole-brain volume. When feasible, ascertaining APOE ε4 status can further improve prediction.
Adult bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells are chemoattractive and accelerate motor recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Neirinckx Virginie , Agirman Gulistan , Coste Cécile , Marquet Alice , Dion Valérie , Rogister Bernard , Franzen Rachelle , Wislet Sabine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionStem cells from adult tissues were considered for a long time as promising tools for regenerative therapy of neurological diseases, including spinal cord injuries (SCI). Indeed, mesenchymal (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) together constitute the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) that were used as therapeutic options in various models of experimental SCI. However, as clinical approaches remained disappointing, we thought that reducing BMSC heterogeneity should be a potential way to improve treatment efficiency and reproducibility.MethodsWe investigated the impact of pure populations of MSCs and NCSCs isolated from adult bone marrow in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. We then analyzed the secretome of both MSCs and NCSCs, and its effect on macrophage migrationin vitro.ResultsWe first observed that both cell types induced motor recovery in mice, and modified the inflammatory reaction in the lesion site. We also demonstrated that NCSCs but especially MSCs were able to secrete chemokines and attract macrophagesin vitro. Finally, it appears that MSC injection in the spinal cord enhance early inflammatory events in the blood and spinal cord of SCI mice.ConclusionsAltogether, our results suggest that both cell types have beneficial effects in experimental SCI, and that further investigation should be dedicated to the regulation of the inflammatory reaction following SCI, in the context of stem cell-based therapy but also in the early-phase clinical management of SCI patients.
Periostin is critical for improving the therapeutic properties of adipocyte-derived stem cells
Authors: Chow Theresa , Rogers Ian M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeriostin is a matricellular protein that is reactivated during tissue damage and repair and has been shown to be a critical regulator of multiple biological pathways involved in the repair of tissue after myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and skin wounds. The tissue repair properties attributed to periostin make it an ideal candidate to enhance the therapeutic properties of donor cells such as mesenchymal stem cells from adipocyte tissue. In a recent article inStem Cell Research & Therapy, Qin et al. demonstrated enhanced therapeutic properties of adipocyte-derived stem cells by genetically engineering them to express periostin.
Common endpoints of generalized weak contractive mappings via separation theorem with applications
Authors: Moradi Sirous , Farajzadeh Ali P , Cho Yeol Je , Plubtieng Somyot 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, first, we give the separation theorem which is an extension of the separation theorem due to Jachymski and Jóźwik (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 300:147-159, 2004). Then, by using this and the related results, we prove that two generalized weak contraction multi-valued mappings have a unique common endpoint if and only if either they have the usual approximate endpoint property or they have the common approximate strict fixed point property. This result is an extension and correct version of the main result given by Khojasteh and Rakočević (Appl. Math. Lett. 25:289-293, 2012).
Effects of stride frequency and foot position at landing on braking force, hip torque, impact peak force and the metabolic cost of running in humans
Authors: Lieberman Daniel E. , Warrener Anna G. , Wang Justin , Castillo Eric R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEndurance runners are often advised to use 90 strides min−1, but how optimal is this stride frequency and why? Endurance runners are also often advised to maintain short strides and avoid landing with the feet too far in front of their hips or knees (colloquially termed ‘overstriding’), but how do different kinematic strategies for varying stride length at the same stride frequency affect economy and impact peaks? Linear mixed models were used to analyze repeated measures of stride frequency, the anteroposterior position of the foot at landing, V̇O2, lower extremity kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces in 14 runners who varied substantially in height and body mass and who were asked to run at 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95 strides min−1 at 3.0 m s−1. For every increase of 5 strides min−1, maximum hip flexor moments in the sagittal plane increased by 5.8% (P&lt;0.0001), and the position of the foot at landing relative to the hip decreased by 5.9% (P=0.003). Higher magnitudes of posteriorly directed braking forces were associated with increases in foot landing position relative to the hip (P=0.0005) but not the knee (P=0.54); increases in foot landing position relative to the knee were associated with higher magnitudes (P&lt;0.0001) and rates of loading (P=0.07) of the vertical ground reaction force impact peak. Finally, the mean metabolically optimal stride frequency was 84.8±3.6 strides min−1, with 50.4% of the variance explained by the trade-off between minimizing braking forces versus maximum hip flexor moments during swing. The results suggest that runners may benefit from a stride frequency of approximately 85 strides min−1 and by landing at the end of swing phase with a relatively vertical tibia.
Studies on the Precise Chemical Synthesis of Human Glycoproteins
Authors: Kajihara Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Our research group demonstrated the semi-synthesis of complex-type biantennary sialyloligosaccharide-library by means of branch-specific glycosidase and several sialyltransferase reactions toward complex-type H2N-Asn-(biantennary compex-type sialyloligosaccharide)-COOH isolated from egg yolk at over a gram scale. This methodology yielded 35 kinds of homogeneous complex-type oligosaccharides. Using this oligosaccharide library, an efficient Boc solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of acid labile sialylglycopeptide-α-thioester was demonstrated. Our research group showed that the sialoside in which the carboxylic acid is protected with a phenacyl group is stable under strong acidic conditions, and this critical finding enabled us to demonstrate the first Boc-SPPS for the synthesis of a sialylglycopeptide-α-thioester. Using both a synthetic method of sialylglycopeptide-α-thioester and native chemical ligation (NCL), our research group synthesized several glycoproteins such as chemokine MCP-3, three kinds of erythropoietin analogues, and interferon-ß. Our research group also demonstrated a unique synthesis that was an intentional synthesis of homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins bearing M9-high-mannose-type oligosaccharide. This unique synthetic misfolded-glycoprotein is useful for the purpose of uncovering the mechanism of molecular recognition in glycoprotein quality control (GQC) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This account discusses the function of the oligosaccharides of glycoproteins based on our research findings.
Study on Preparation and Extinguishing Fire Ability of KHCO3/γ-Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhao Dongfeng , Liu Yi , Li Fei , Li Shi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, KHCO3 nanoparticles were uploaded on γ-Al2O3 to form a new type of powder fire extinguisher comprising KHCO3/γ-Al2O3 composites through simple impregnation method. The micro morphology, crystallographic form, BET area, and thermal stability of the KHCO3/γ-Al2O3 composites were analyzed. Furthermore, the obtained KHCO3/γ-Al2O3 composites were used to extinguish a fire and displayed much better extinguishing ability than commercial extinguishers.
Normality criteria for families of zero-free meromorphic functions
Authors: Thin Nguyen Van , Oanh Bui Thi Kieu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we prove some normality criteria for families of zero-free meromorphic functions. The results of this paper are generalizations of some problems studied by Chang [Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.) 28 (2012), 707–716] and Dethloff–Tan–Thin [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 411 (2014), 675–683].
Negative Binomial Marshall–Olkin Rayleigh Distribution and Its Applications
Authors: Jose K. K. , Sivadas Remya 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A generalization of the Marshall–Olkin family of distributions is developed using negative binomial compounding instead of geometric compounding where addition is replaced by minimum of a random number of observations X
1,X
2,...,XN
. Here, we consider the Rayleigh distribution and extend it to obtain a Negative Binomial Marshall–Olkin Rayleigh Distribution. Various properties of the new family are investigated. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained. The use of the model in lifetime modeling is established by fitting it to a real data set on remission times of bladder cancer patients. Also we try to develop a reliability test plan for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection with lifetimes governed by this distribution.
Adolescent suicide and testosterone
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Sher Leo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Completed suicide is much more common in men than in women. Its incidence rises precipitously in adolescence. One biological hypothesis that accounts for the increased frequency of completed suicide in men is that the male sex hormone testosterone partially mediates the observed increase in suicide frequency among men. It is the aim of this communication to review the relevant literature and to describe putative biological mechanisms for this association. Specifically, we propose that the impairment wrought by of high levels of testosterone in the adolescent upon the emotion regulation system contribute to an account for these findings. Herein, we describe this neural system and the specific effects of testosterone upon the system. We conclude with a discussion of clinical implications and applications with an aim of stimulating further research.
The parallel replica method for computing equilibrium averages of Markov chains
Authors: Aristoff David 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
An algorithm is proposed for computing
equilibrium averages of Markov chains which suffer from metastability –
the tendency to remain in one or more subsets of state space for
long time intervals. The algorithm, called the parallel replica method (or
ParRep), uses many parallel
processors to explore these subsets more efficiently.
Numerical simulations on a simple model demonstrate consistency of
the method. A proof of consistency is given in an idealized setting.
The parallel replica method can be considered a generalization of A. F. Voter's
parallel replica dynamics, originally developed to efficiently
simulate metastable Langevin stochastic dynamics.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel acryl amide-based yttrium imprinted sorbent via the ATRP approach for the preparation
of medical-grade 90Y
Authors: Abedi Mahvash , Shirvani-Arani Simindokht , Nabid Mohammad Reza , Bahrami-Samani Ali 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Because of its favorable radionuclidic properties (pure beta emitter, E

βmax = 2.28 MeV,
T
1/2 = 64.1 h), the preparation of carrier free 90Y is of a great importance in radiopharmacy. Herein, we
report the synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel yttrium sorbent prepared on the basis of the ion-imprinting
concept. The ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of acryl amide (AAm, functional
monomer) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) crosslinking agent in the presence of a complex of yttrium ions (template
ions) with a homemade chelator, i.e., 2,2-bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate)propane-1,3-disuccinate (also as initiator). For elimination
of yttrium ions, which act as the template, the prepared particles were treated with 50% v:v HCl : H2O to
produce yttrium-imprinted polymeric sorbent. To control the imprinting effect, corresponding non-imprinted particles (NIP) were
prepared in a similar manner except that yttrium ions were not used. The synthesized chemicals for the preparation of the
chelator-initiator compound and the product itself were assessed in every step using 1H-NMR analysis. NIP and YIP were
subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectroscopy (IR) and BET surface area analysis for characterization
studies. Sorption/desorption studies were conducted, and the effects of potentially interfering ions, such as Sr2+ (α = 119.69) and Zr4+ (α = 73.01) in presence of radio-yttrium, were investigated (particle size:
50–100 μm, resultant recovery of > 99% within 60 min and a capacity of 33.33 mg
Y(III) per gram of sorbent). The results showed that amounts of radio-yttrium as low as 250 μg could be
extracted effectively with high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity from macro-gram amounts of strontium.
Is the Cortical Deficit in Amblyopia Due to Reduced Cortical Magnification, Loss of Neural Resolution, or Neural Disorganization?
Authors: Clavagnier Simon , Dumoulin Serge O. , Hess Robert F. 
Published: November 2015

The neural basis of amblyopia is a matter of debate. The following possibilities have been suggested: loss of foveal cells, reduced cortical magnification, loss of spatial resolution of foveal cells, and topographical disarray in the cellular map. To resolve this we undertook a population receptive field (pRF) functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the central field in humans with moderate-to-severe amblyopia. We measured the relationship between averaged pRF size and retinal eccentricity in retinotopic visual areas. Results showed that cortical magnification is normal in the foveal field of strabismic amblyopes. However, the pRF sizes are enlarged for the amblyopic eye. We speculate that the pRF enlargement reflects loss of cellular resolution or an increased cellular positional disarray within the representation of the amblyopic eye.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neural basis of amblyopia, a visual deficit affecting 3% of the human population, remains a matter of debate. We undertook the first population receptive field functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis in participants with amblyopia and compared the projections from the amblyopic and fellow normal eye in the visual cortex. The projection from the amblyopic eye was found to have a normal cortical magnification factor, enlarged population receptive field sizes, and topographic disorganization in all early visual areas. This is consistent with an explanation of amblyopia as an immature system with a normal complement of cells whose spatial resolution is reduced and whose topographical map is disordered. This bears upon a number of competing theories for the psychophysical defect and affects future treatment therapies.
The Splice Isoforms of the Drosophila Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Receptor Have Developmentally Distinct Roles
Authors: Diao Feici , Mena Wilson , Shi Jonathan , Park Dongkook , Diao Fengqiu , Taghert Paul , Ewer John , White Benjamin H 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
To grow, insects must periodically shed their exoskeletons. This process, called ecdysis, is initiated by the endocrine release of Ecdysis Trigger Hormone (ETH) and has been extensively studied as a model for understanding the hormonal control of behavior. Understanding how ETH regulates ecdysis behavior, however, has been impeded by limited knowledge of the hormone’s neuronal targets. An alternatively spliced gene encoding a G-protein-coupled receptor (ETHR) that is activated by ETH has been identified, and several lines of evidence support a role in ecdysis for its A-isoform. The function of a second ETHR isoform (ETHRB) remains unknown. Here we use the recently introduced “Trojan exon” technique to simultaneously mutate the ETHR gene and gain genetic access to the neurons that express its two isoforms. We show that ETHRA and ETHRB are expressed in largely distinct subsets of neurons and that ETHRA- but not ETHRB-expressing neurons are required for ecdysis at all developmental stages. However, both genetic and neuronal manipulations indicate an essential role for ETHRB at pupal and adult, but not larval, ecdysis. We also identify several functionally important subsets of ETHR-expressing neurons including one that coexpresses the peptide Leucokinin and regulates fluid balance to facilitate ecdysis at the pupal stage. The general strategy presented here of using a receptor gene as an entry point for genetic and neuronal manipulations should be useful in establishing patterns of functional connectivity in other hormonally regulated networks.
Scaphosepalum manningii Luer (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species for Costa Rica
Authors: Dalström Stig 
Published: November 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Scaphosepalum manningii</span><span>, previamente conocida solo por una única recolecta de Venezuela, fue recién descubierta en la reserva forestal Boracayan, en el suroeste de Costa Rica. La especie es ilustrada y comparada con </span><span>Scaphosepalum clavellatum</span><span>, una especie estrechamente relacionada y talvéz simpátrica. </span></p></div></div></div></div>