bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wukan: The Whole Story
Authors: Zhimin Zeng 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Beginning on 21 September 2011 in Guangdong Province, the Wukan Incident was, as an incident of a collective nature at the grassroots of Chinese society, in many respects something extremely rare. This can be said of the length of time for which the incident continued; the number of people who took part; the extent to which the incident was organized; the unmistakably clear interest-related and political demands involved; the thoroughly contentious nature of the incident, and its far-reaching impact. The roots of the conflict lie in disputes over collective land belonging to the village, which had already been going on for as long as 20 years, and problems with corruption involving the long-term manipulation of grassroots democratic elections by a group with common political and economic interests presided over by former Village Party Branch Secretary Xue Chang. Following the violent clash on 21 and 22 September, the self-nominated temporary villagers’ representatives formerly put their three main demands to the government: a thorough investigation of the situation pertaining to the sale and purchase of land in Wukan since the Reform and Opening; a thorough investigation into the elections for the Village Committee; transparency apropos of both village affairs and finances. After almost six months of contention between the government and the public, under the leadership of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, the government eventually directly acknowledged the demands of the villagers to be ‘reasonable’ and ‘legally legitimate’. Within all of this, the intervention of the Provincial Party Committee’s Task Force on 20 December 2011 was a watershed moment in transforming the Wukan Incident, exchanging contention for dialogue. At present, Wukan is facing both unprecedented and positive opportunities for development. The village is gaining a remarkable amount of political and economic resources, yet at the same time it is facing grave challenges.
The Importance of Representing Mixed-Phase Clouds for Simulating Distinctive Atmospheric States in the Arctic*
Authors: Engström Anders , Karlsson Johannes , Svensson Gunilla 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) suggest that the Arctic Basin is characterized by two distinctly different preferred atmospheric states during wintertime. These states appear as two peaks in the frequency distribution of surface downwelling longwave radiation (LWD), representing radiatively clear and opaque conditions. Here, the authors have investigated the occurrence and representation of these states in the widely used ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) dataset. An interannually recurring bimodal distribution of LWD values is not a clearly observable feature in the reanalysis data. However, large differences in the simulated liquid water content of clouds in ERA-Interim compared to observations are identified and these are linked to the lack of a radiatively opaque peak in the reanalysis. Using a single-column model, dynamically controlled by data from ERA-Interim, the authors show that, by tuning the glaciation speed of supercooled liquid clouds, it is possible to reach a very good agreement between the model and observations from the SHEBA campaign in terms of LWD. The results suggest that the presence of two preferred Arctic states, as observed during SHEBA, is a recurring feature of the Arctic climate system during winter [December–March (DJFM)]. The mean increase in LWD during the Arctic winter compared to ERA-Interim is 15 W m−2. This has a substantial bearing on climate model evaluation in the Arctic as it indicates the importance of representing Arctic states in climate models and reanalysis data and that doing so could have a significant impact on winter ice thickness and surface temperatures in the Arctic.
Mapping musical learning: An evaluation of research in music education in Singapore
Authors: Lum Chee-Hoo , Dairianathan Eugene 
Published: August 2013

In the most recent Ministry of Education work plan seminar (Ministry of Education, 2010), a clear signal was sent out that arts education, primarily music and visual art, would become one of the key areas of focus in pursuing the goal of holistic education of a primary school child in the Singapore school system. This article, as part of a larger set of studies initiated by the UNESCO-NIE Centre for Arts Research in Education (Centre for Arts Research in Education, 2010) to map arts education research in Singapore, surveys research over the last three decades carried out in music education involving musical learnings from early childhood through tertiary education with a view to identify key areas of research interests and gaps. The content analysis serves also to assess and evaluate the matching of policy and practice in enabling a musical learner to make informed choices about that repertoire of musical possibilities the learner may carry into the later stages of his/her lived reality.
EGFR,KRAS,BRAFandALKgene alterations in lung adenocarcinomas: patient outcome, interplay with morphology and immunophenotype
Authors: Warth Arne , Penzel Roland , Lindenmaier Heike , Brandt Regine , Stenzinger Albrecht , Herpel Esther , Goeppert Benjamin , Thomas Michael , Herth Felix J.F. , Dienemann Hendrik , Schnabel Philipp A. , Schirmacher Peter , Hoffmann Hans , Muley Thomas , Weichert Wilko 
Published: August 2013

Numerous studies have been published on single aspects of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC). To comprehensively link clinically relevant ADC characteristics, we evaluated established morphological, diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in 425 resected ADCs.Morphology was reclassified. Cytokeratin-7, thyroid transcription factor (TTF)1, napsin A, thymidylate synthase and excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency complementation group-1 expression, anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements as well as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) mutations were analysed. All characteristics were correlated with clinical and survival parameters.Morphological ADC subtypes were significantly associated with smoking history and distinct patterns of diagnostic biomarkers.KRASmutations were prevalent in male smokers, whileEGFRmutations were associated with female sex, nonsmoking and lepidic as well as micropapillary growth patterns. TTF1 expression (hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival 0.61, p=0.021) andBRAFmutations (HR for disease-free survival 2.0, p=0.046) were found to be morphology- and stage-independent predictors of survival in multivariate analysis. Adjuvant radio-/chemotherapy, in some instances, strongly impacted on the prognostic effect of both diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.Our data draw a comprehensive picture of the prevalence and interplay of established histological and molecular ADC characteristics. These data will help to develop time- and cost-effective diagnostic and treatment algorithms for ADC.
Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 binding sites contain putative GAGA factor binding motifs within coding regions of genes
Authors: Deng Weiwei , Buzas Diana M , Ying Hua , Robertson Masumi , Taylor Jennifer , Peacock William James , Dennis Elizabeth S , Helliwell Chris 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is an essential regulator of gene expression that maintains genes in a repressed state by marking chromatin with trimethylated Histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). In Arabidopsis, loss of PRC2 function leads to pleiotropic effects on growth and development thought to be due to ectopic expression of seed and embryo-specific genes. While there is some understanding of the mechanisms by which specific genes are targeted by PRC2 in animal systems, it is still not clear how PRC2 is recruited to specific regions of plant genomes.

Results
We used ChIP-seq to determine the genome-wide distribution of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged FERTLIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE-HA), the Extra Sex Combs homolog protein present in all Arabidopsis PRC2 complexes. We found that the FIE-HA binding sites co-locate with a subset of the H3K27me3 sites in the genome and that the associated genes were more likely to be de-repressed in mutants of PRC2 components. The FIE-HA binding sites are enriched for three sequence motifs including a putative GAGA factor binding site that is also found in Drosophila Polycomb Response Elements (PREs).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that PRC2 binding sites in plant genomes share some sequence features with Drosophila PREs. However, unlike Drosophila PREs which are located in promoters and devoid of H3K27me3, Arabidopsis FIE binding sites tend to be in gene coding regions and co-localize with H3K27me3.
Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetic acid-induced colitis in a porcine model
Authors: Wang Qingjing , Hou Yongqing , Yi Dan , Wang Lei , Ding Binying , Chen Xing , Long Minhui , Liu Yulan , Wu Guoyao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and involves multiple etiological factors. Acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis is a reproducible and simple model, sharing many characteristics with human colitis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been widely used as an antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. NAC can affect several signaling pathways involving in apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and arrest, redox-regulated gene expression, and inflammatory response. Therefore, NAC may not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but also beneficially alter inflammatory events in colitis. This study was conducted to investigate whether NAC could alleviate the AA-induced colitis in a porcine model.MethodsWeaned piglets were used to investigate the effects of NAC on AA-induced colitis. Severity of colitis was evaluated by colon histomorphology measurements, histopathology scores, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory mediators in the plasma and colon. The protective role of NAC was assessed by measurements of antioxidant status, growth modulator, cell apoptosis, and tight junction proteins. Abundances of caspase-3 and claudin-1 proteins in colonic mucosae were determined by the Western blot method. Epidermal growth factor receptor, amphiregulin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA levels in colonic mucosae were quantified using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.ResultsCompared with the control group, AA treatment increased (P < 0.05) the histopathology scores, intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) numbers and density in the colon, myeloperoxidase activity, the concentrations of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory mediators in the plasma and colon, while reducing (P < 0.05) goblet cell numbers and the protein/DNA ratio in the colonic mucosa. These adverse effects of AA were partially ameliorated (P < 0.05) by dietary supplementation with NAC. In addition, NAC prevented the AA-induced increase in caspase-3 protein, while stimulating claudin-1 protein expression in the colonic mucosa. Moreover, NAC enhanced mRNA levels for epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin in the colonic mucosa.ConclusionDietary supplementation with NAC can alleviate AA-induced colitis in a porcine model through regulating anti-oxidative responses, cell apoptosis, and EGF gene expression.
Potassium iodide, but not potassium iodate, as a potential protective agent against oxidative damage to membrane lipids in porcine thyroid
Authors: Milczarek Magdalena , Stępniak Jan , Lewiński Andrzej , Karbownik-Lewińska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Fenton reaction (Fe2++H2O2→Fe3++•OH+OH−) is of special significance in the thyroid gland, as both its substrates, i.e. H2O2 and Fe2+, are required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Also iodine, an essential element supplied by the diet, is indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. It is well known that iodine affects red-ox balance. One of the most frequently examined oxidative processes is lipid peroxidation (LPO), which results from oxidative damage to membrane lipids. Fenton reaction is used to experimentally induce lipid peroxidation. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of iodine, used as potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3), on lipid peroxidation in porcine thyroid homogenates under basal conditions and in the presence of Fenton reaction substrates.

Methods
Porcine thyroid homogenates were incubated in the presence of either KI (0.00005 – 500 mM) or KIO3 (0.00005 – 200 mM), without or with addition of FeSO4 (30 μM) + H2O2 (0.5 mM). Concentration of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) was measured spectrophotometrically, as an index of lipid peroxidation.

Results
Potassium iodide, only when used in the highest concentrations (≥50 mM), increased lipid peroxidation in concentration-dependent manner. In the middle range of concentrations (5.0; 10; 25; 50 and 100 mM) KI reduced Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation, with the strongest protective effect observed for the concentration of 25 mM. Potassium iodate increased lipid peroxidation in concentrations ≥2.5 mM. The damaging effect of KIO3 increased gradually from the concentration of 2.5 mM to 10 mM. The strongest damaging effect was observed at the KIO3 concentration of 10 mM, corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid. Potassium iodate in concentrations of 5–200 mM enhanced Fenton reaction-induced lipid peroxidation with the strongest damaging effect found again for the concentration of 10 mM.

Conclusions
Potassium iodide, used in doses generally recommended in iodide prophylaxis, may prevent oxidative damage to membrane lipids in this gland. Toxic effects of iodide overload may result from its prooxidative action. Potassium iodate does not possess any direct beneficial effects on oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid, which constitutes an additional argument against its utility in iodine prophylaxis.
Xiphopterella devolii (Polypodiaceae), a new species and newly recorded genus in Taiwan
Authors: Moore Shann-Jye , Parris Barbara S , Kao Tzu-Tong , Lu Pi-Fong , Chiou Wen-Liang 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Grammitid ferns are a tropical monophyletic clade nested in Polypodiaceae, containing more than 20 genera and more than 750 species. Many of them also grow in Taiwan. During the survey of recent two decades, an unknown grammitid fern was discovered and the taxonomic treatment is given herein.

Results
A new species, collected from Taiwan, is recognized and named, i.e., Xiphopterella devolii S. J. Moore, Parris, & W. L. Chiou. The holotype is deposited in TAIF, and isotypes are in HAST, K, L, US, and TNS. It is also distributed on SE & S China. The genus Xiphopterella is also a new record to Taiwan.

Conclusion
A new species, Xiphopterella devolii S. J. Moore, Parris, & W. L. Chiou is documented herein. The Xiphopterella is a new recorded genus in Taiwan and is first found beyond Malesia regions.
A Theoretical DFT Study on the Structural Parameters and Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bond Strength in Substituted (Z)-N-(Thionitrosomethylene)thiohydroxylamine Systems
Authors: Raissi Heidar , Khanmohammadi Azadeh , Mollania Fariba 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The effect of substitution (F, Cl, SH, NO2, CH2F, CH2Cl, CH2COOH, CH2OCH3, and SCOCH3) on the hydrogen-bond strengths, vibrational frequencies, and physical properties such as dipole moment, chemical potential, and chemical hardness of substituted (Z)-N-(thionitrosomethylene)thiohydroxylamine compound has been systematically explored. All the studied derivatives have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory in gas phase, water and carbon tetrachloride solutions. The aromaticity of the formed ring is measured through the structurally based harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), and the magnetic based nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) measurements. The topological properties of the electron density distributions for S–H···S intramolecular bridges have been analyzed in terms of the Bader theory of atoms in molecules (AIM). Natural population analysis data, the electron density and Laplacian properties, as well as ν(S–H) have been used to evaluate the hydrogen-bonding interactions. Furthermore, calculated 1H NMR chemical shifts (δH) correlate well with the hydrogen-bond distance and ν(S–H) as well as electron density at the bond critical points in the molecular electron density topography.
Photoyellowing of chemically modified chemithermomechanical pulps (CTMP) from Eucalyptus globulus under various atmospheres
Authors: Kojima Yasuo , Kato Yoshiaki , Ishikura Yukiko , Yoon Seung-Lak , Ona Toshihiro 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Chemithermomechanical pulps (CTMP) were prepared from Eucalyptus globulus and photoirradiated, and the responses have been examined by means of ultraviolet (UV) microspectrophotometer. The absorbance in the UV spectra of fiber walls increased in the range of 300 of 350 nm as a result of photoirradiation, indicating the formation of conjugated double-bound systems in the fiber walls. These spectral changes occurred only on the irradiated surface of sheets. CTMP photoirradiation under various atmospheres indicated that the presence of oxygen in the irradiation atmosphere is not necessary for CTMP yellowing. In nitrogen or vacuum, photoyellowing was at the same level as observed under oxygen. This observation was interpreted as a result of direct elimination of proton radicals from free phenolic groups and/or cleavage of β-aryl ether linkages. This induced probably the excited triplet state of α-carbonyl structures in CTMP, which leads to chromophore formation in the absence of oxygen. Reduction of CTMP with sodium borohydride impeded effectively the effects of photoirradiation only in the absence of oxygen. On the contrary, acetylation of CTMP had no effect in the absence of oxygen but led to photobleaching in the presence of oxygen.
Pasireotide therapy in a rare and unusual case of plurihormonal pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Rajendran Rajesh , Naik Sarita , Sandeman Derek D , Nasruddin Azraai B 
Published: August 2013

Summary
We report the use of pasireotide in a rare and unusual case of pituitary macroadenoma co-secreting GH, prolactin and ACTH. A 62-year-old Caucasian man presented with impotence. Clinically, he appeared acromegalic and subsequent investigations confirmed GH excess and hyperprolactinaemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pituitary revealed a large pituitary macroadenoma. He underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and histology confirmed an adenoma with immunohistochemistry positive for ACTH, GH and prolactin. Acromegaly was not cured following surgery and inadequately controlled despite subsequent octreotide therapy. He underwent further debulking pituitary surgery, following which IGF1 levels improved but still high. This time adenoma cells showed immunohistochemistry positivity for ACTH only, following which subsequent investigations confirmed intermittent hypercortisolaemia compatible with pituitary Cushing's disease. We recommended radiotherapy, but in view of the pluripotential nature of the tumour, we proceeded with a trial of s.c. pasireotide therapy on the basis that it may control both his acromegaly and Cushing's disease. After 3 months of pasireotide therapy, his mean GH and IGF1 levels improved significantly, with improvement in his symptoms but intermittent hypercortisolaemia persists. His glycaemic control deteriorated requiring addition of new anti-diabetic medication. MRI imaging showed loss of contrast uptake within the tumour following pasireotide therapy but no change in size. We conclude that our patient has had a partial response to pasireotide therapy. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to establish its safety and efficacy in patients with acromegaly and/or Cushing's disease.

Learning points

Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are rare and unusual.

Patients with pituitary adenomas co-secreting ACTH and GH are more likely to present with acromegaly because GH excess can mask hypercortisolaemia.

Pasireotide holds potential where conventional somatostatin analogues are not effective in acromegaly due to higher affinity for somatostatin receptor subtypes 1, 2, 3 and 5.

Significant deterioration in glycaemic control remains a concern in the use of pasireotide.

Currently, long-term safety and efficacy of pasireotide in patients with acromegaly and/or Cushing's disease are not fully clear.
Physico Chemical Characteristics of Lakhna Devi Temple Water Tank, Lakhna, Bakewar, Etawah, U.P. with reference to Cyanobacterial Diversity
Authors: Bajpai Omesh , Mishra Sujata , Mohan Narendra , Mohan Jitendra , Gupta Rajan K 
Published: August 2013

Fresh water bodies in populated plains of tropical countries face various disturbances in the form of pollutant and nutrient inflow, heavy metal and elemental precipitation (wet or dry) and constant silt inflow (natural or anthropogenic). The physico-chemical characteristics are very much important for any water body. In lentic water bodies these characteristics shows very much variation because in summer they have less and in rains large amount of water. These adverse constrain effectively influence the algal assemblage and can be a good indicator of overall health of the water body. In the study different Physico-chemical characteristics and algal diversity were monthly observed for one year duration (Jun. 2008 to May 2009). Some of 31 species of Cyanobacteria recorded from the study site viz. Microcystis aerughinosa, M. flos-aquae, M. robusta, Chroococcus minor, C.minutes, Gloeocapsa magma, Aphanocapsa littoralis, Aphanothece microscopis, Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum, Merismopedia glauca, M. tenuissima, Arthrospira spriulinoides, Spirulina gigantean, S. major, Oscillatoria formosa, O. subuliformis, O. princeps, Phormidium ambiguum, P. fragile, P. lucidum, Lyngbya contorta, O. epiphytica, O.majuscule, Cylindrospermum minutissimum, Nostoc commune, N. punctiforme, Anabaena oscillarioides, A. oryzae, Calothrix gloeocola, Rivularia aquatic and Gloeotrichia pisum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8525 International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 20-28