bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITPK1 Sensitizes Tumor Cells to IgA-dependent Neutrophil Killing In Vivo
Authors: Richterich Connor A , Logtenberg Meike E W , Jansen Marco J H , Toebes Mireille , Bresser Kaspar , Borst Anne , Jurgens Anouk P , Leusen Jeanette H W , Schumacher Ton N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neutrophils can efficiently trigger cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and other target cells upon engagement of the IgA receptor CD89. However, the cell-intrinsic factors that influence the induction of cell death upon exposure to neutrophil effector mechanisms in vivo remain largely unknown. To uncover genetic regulators that influence target cell sensitivity to IgA-induced neutrophil-mediated killing, we used a human CD89 (hCD89) transgenic mouse model in which IgA-mediated killing of Her2-positive CD47-deficient murine target cells is mediated by neutrophils. Using a genome-wide in vivo screening approach, we demonstrate that deletion of the gene encoding inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1 kinase (ITPK1) increases survival of target cells in anti-Her2 IgA-treated mice. Moreover, we show that this effect depends on neutrophil activity and on the ITPK1 kinase domain. Notably, ITPK1 deficiency did not measurably impact survival of IgA-opsonized target cells in in vitro systems, underscoring the importance of in vivo screening systems to uncover physiologically relevant regulators of neutrophil killing.
An Integrated Signaling Threshold Initiates IgG Response toward Virus-like Immunogens
Authors: Wholey Wei-Yun , Meyer Alexander R , Yoda Sekou-Tidiane , Mueller James L , Mathenge Raisa , Chackerian Bryce , Zikherman Julie , Cheng Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing Ab (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures, in this study, we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses without T cell help or TLR but requires CD19. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response, and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harboring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that is long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for the nAb response in mice. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion. Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for induction of IgG in individual B cells is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens.
Lecture-Based Instruction on Salary Negotiation for Professional Athletic Training Students: An Educational Technique
Authors: Cavallario Julie M. , Campbell Thomas R. , Welch Bacon Cailee E. 
Published: August 2024

Context
Low salary is a frequently cited reason for attrition from the athletic training profession. Researchers have determined that athletic trainers (ATs) entering the first hiring process, usually newly credentialed graduates of professional athletic training programs (ATPs), are the least likely to negotiate, resulting in lowered earning potential across their careers. It is necessary to instruct athletic training students on the importance of salary negotiation before the completion of their professional preparation.

Objective
Describe a lecture-based approach to include salary negotiation content into ATPs.

Background
Employing constructivist learning theory, didactic lecture content with applicable strategies for salary negotiation is sufficient for students to understand which strategies can be used to negotiate for a higher salary during the hiring process.

Description
Before the didactic experience, second-year graduate ATP students self-assessed their knowledge of, familiarity with, and comfort in negotiating during the hiring process. A single 3-hour lecture on negotiation was provided to students that included reasons to negotiate, financial ramifications of not negotiating, strategies for determining appropriate salaries, example language to use, and a discussion of timing to initiate negotiations. Students reassessed their knowledge, familiarity, and comfort within 1 week of receiving the didactic content. Six months after ATP completion, students reported whether they negotiated during their first hiring process.

Educational Advantages
Although not required for professional ATPs, the inclusion of content specific to salary negotiation in the hiring process increases future ATs’ understanding of negotiation processes and their comfort level in initiating negotiations earlier in their career.

Conclusion
Students’ understanding of negotiation during the hiring process and comfort with attempting negotiation increased following the lecture-based technique. If ATs can achieve higher earnings earlier in their career, they can increase their lifetime earning potential, and they may find the profession to be more financially sustainable, thus decreasing professional attrition.
HIV and sexual risk behaviours by 18-25-year-old youth at Nyandeni Municipality in the Eastern Cape
Authors: Mntonintshi-Mketo Lorraine N. , Netangaheni Robert T. , Lefoka Moganki H. 
Published: August 2024

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in South Africa is among the worst in the world; in 2017, 38% of new infections were among young people aged 15–24 years. Estimates for HIV infection in 2020 worldwide indicate that there will be 1.5 million new cases, 10.2 million untreated cases (out of 37.7 million), and 680 000 deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite a 46% decline in new HIV infections among adolescents and youth over the previous 10 years, two of the seven new HIV infections in 2019 occurred in people between the ages of 15 and 24. HIV prevalence among young people has remained unchanged since 2008. This consistent pattern among people under 30 years of age indicates a failure in HIV prevention.Aim: The study aimed to explore HIV and sexual risk behaviours by 18–25-year-old youth at Nyandeni Municipality in the Eastern Cape province.Setting: The investigation was conducted Nyandeni Municipality in the Eastern Cape province.Methods: Qualitative approach was used to explore, describe and investigate the knowledge and attitudes about HIV among the 18–25 years old youthResults: The findings are based on three themes namely, knowledge and attitudes about HIV and AIDS in youth, sexual risk behaviour among youth, and HIV prevention strategies.Conclusion: This exploratory investigation confirms that the participants’ knowledge is limited by showing that most of them knew very little about HIV and AIDS infection and prevention. Ongoing educational initiatives are required.Contribution: Youth experience high HIV incidence because of their knowledge gaps.
Exploring pre-service teachers’ knowledge of efficient calculation strategies
Authors: Kumm Marisa , Graven Mellony H. 
Published: August 2024

Background: National and international assessments show South Africa’s underperformance in mathematics. As many learners already fall behind in the early grades, where foundational number sense should be established, addressing the challenges of number sense in the Foundation Phase (FP) is important. Research recognises the need to better develop pre-service primary teachers’ (PSTs’) mathematical content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Understanding the importance that CK PSTs bring to their tertiary studies is needed.Aim: The study explores, what knowledge do third-year FP PSTs have of additive reasoning mental mathematics strategies?Setting: We share data from a larger study of PSTs’ CK and PCK of additive reasoning strategies (a key aspect of number sense) before additive reasoning lectures with 80 third-year FP PSTs during their mathematics methodology course at a private institution.Methods: Participants included 54 of the 59 PSTs who agreed to take part in the study and were present in the first session when the pre-questionnaire (the focus of this article) was administered. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of PSTs’ methods used, performance on the pre-questionnaire calculation items and explanations of methods and strategies were carried out.Results: Results highlight the need for explicit teaching of efficient calculation strategies along with required fluencies for using strategies.Conclusion: Knowledge of additive reasoning strategies cannot be taken for granted as established at school.Contribution: The findings of the study highlight the need for explicit teaching of efficient mental strategies such as Bridging Through Ten, Jump Strategy and Rounding and Adjusting in PSTs’ studies.
THE ANALYSIS OF MALAY DECLARATIVE UTTERANCES ACQUISITION IN CHILDREN AGED 2.8 YEARS TO 3.10 YEARS OLD: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY
Authors: Warni  , Afria Rengki , Izar Julisah 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pemerolehan kalimat deklaratif bahasa Melayu pada anak usia 2,8 tahun sampai 3,10 tahun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bermaksud mendeskripsikan perkembangan pemerolehan kalimat deklaratif yang dialami oleh anak usia 2,8 tahun sampai 3,10 tahun. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan dengan cara menemukan langsung dan ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa (1) struktur kalimat deklaratif anak 2,8 tahun adalah K, P-K, S, P-O, K-S, S-O, S-P-K. Kalimat deklaratif anak ini terdapat 1-4 ujaran. (2). Struktur kalimat deklaratif pada anak usia 3,10 tahun adalah S-P-O, K-S-P-O, K-P-K, S-P-O-K, P-O, K, S-K, K-S-K, K-S, K-K. Kalimat deklaratif anak B tahun terdapat 1-7 ujaran. (3). Keseluruhan dari pola-pola ujaran yaitu K, P-K, S, P-O, K-S, S-O, S-P-K, S-P-O, K-S-P-O, K-P-K, S-P-O-K, P-O, K, S-K, K-S-K, K-S, K-K dengan jumlah keseluruhan 27 kalimat deklaratif. Penelitian ini memiliki signifikansi yang penting dan memberikan kontribusi berbagai aspek, termasuk pemahaman ilmiah, pengembangan pendidikan anak usia dini, dan pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang proses pemerolehan bahasa.

Kata Kunci: Pemerolehan bahasa; sintaksis; deklaratif; psikolinguistik
DAVLAT FUNKSIYALARI VA DAVLAT MOLIYASI O‘ZARO NISBATINING HUQUQIY MASALALARI
Authors: Asadov Eldorjon 
Published: August 2024

Muallif mazkur maqolada davlat funksiyalari va davlat moliyasiga oid kategoriyalarni tahlil qilgan. Mazkur tadqiqotning maqsadi tadqiqot natijasida davlat funksiyalari va davlat moliyasini faoliyatini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan taklif va xulosalar ishlab chiqishdan iborat. Davlat funksiyasi davlatning vazifalaridan kelib chiquvchi asosiy faoliyat yo‘nalishi hisoblanadi. Mazkur jarayonlarda davlat moliyasi muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Davlat funksiyalarini bajarishda davlat moliyasining tizimli va maqsadli yoʻlga qoʻyilishi davlatning iqtisodiyoti va davlatchilik asoslarin rivojlanishiga olib keladi. Davlatning paydo bo‘lishi bilan uning oldiga aniq vazifalar qo‘yilgan bo‘lib, mazkur vazifalar birinchi navbatda, aholini tashqi va ichki xavflardan himoya qilish, ikkinchi navbatda, aholi farovonligini ta’minlash, uchinchi navbatda kuchli ijtimoiy himoya tizimini ta’minlash va boshqa vazifalar turadi. Mazkur muhim vazifalarni bajarish uchun davlat funksiyalarini bajarishi lozim bo‘ladi, xususan iqtisodiy funksiya, ijtimoiy funksiya, moliyaviy nazorat funksiya va boshqalar. Shu sababli, davlatning o‘z vazifalarini to‘g‘ri yo‘lga qo‘yish uchun uning funksiya va moliyasini tartibga solish muhim hisoblanadi. Mazkur masalalarni milliy va xorijiy davlatlar qonunchiligini qiyosiy tahlil qilish, tarixiy-huquqiy, tizimli, mantiqiy, statistik va boshqa usullar orqali oʻrganish orqali davlat funksiyalari va moliyasi tushunchalari va unga doir takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Mazkur takliflar ilmiy faoliyatda, qonun ijodkorligida, qonunni qoʻllash amaliyotida, milliy qonunchilik normalarini sharhlashda va takomillashtirishda qoʻllaniladi. Davlat funksiyalari davlat vazifalarini amalga oshirishga qaratilgan asosiy faoliyat yo‘nalishi hisoblanadi. Davlat moliyasi davlat vazifa va funksiyalarini ta’minlash uchun pul jamg‘armalarini tashkil etish, taqsimlash hamda foydalanish bilan bog‘liq munosabatlar hisoblanadi.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ВА ТУРКИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКАЛАРИ ЎРТАСИДАГИ ҲАМКОРЛИК ВА ҲАМКОРЛИКНИНГ ҲУҚУҚИЙ АСОСЛАРИНИ ТАДҚИҚ ЭТИШДАГИ ИЛМИЙ-НАЗАРИЙ ЁНДАШУВЛАР
Authors: Худайбердиева Шоҳиста 
Published: August 2024

Мазкур мақолада муаллиф хамкорлик тушунчаси унинг мазмун-моҳияти ва келиб чиқиш тенденцияларини илмий-назарий асослантирган. Ҳамкорликнинг турлари батафсил ўрганилган. Ҳамкорликнинг ҳуқуқий асослари тушунчасига тизимли ўрганилган. Ўзбекистон ва Туркия Республикалари ўртасидаги ҳамкорлик ва ҳамкорликнинг ҳуқуқий асосларига олимларнинг қарашлари ўрганилиб, илмий-назарий хулосалар берилган.
INGLIZ TILIDA ONOMATOPOIK SO’ZLARNING FONETIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Authors: Sharipova Mokhidil 
Published: August 2024

Ushbu maqola ingliz tilidagi onomatopoeik so'zlarning fonetik xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan, ularning fonetik o’ziga xos jihatlari va tovush bilan bog'liq xususiyatlarini misollar orqali yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, unda ingliz tilidagi bir nechta onomatopoeik so'zlar uchun umumiy bo'lgan ba'zi fonetik qoliplarni ham taqdim etadi. Misollar tahlili va lingvistik tadqiqotlar orqali maqola fonetika va onomatopoeik so'zlar o'rtasidagi murakkab munosabatlarni yoritishga qaratilgan.
The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Good Corporate Governance on Employee Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study of Panin Dai-ichi Life Timor Branch)
Authors: Tiofanny Caroline 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine whether Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Good Corporate Governance have significant effect on Employee Performance at Panin Dai-ichi Life Timor Branch. This study uses quantitative data methods and the data source is primary data. The population in this study are all employees who worked at Panin Dai-ichi Life Timor Branch. The sample in this study are permanent employees who work at Panin Dai-ichi Life Timor Branch in total of 30 respondents using purposive sampling methods. Data analysis and testing consist of validity test, reliability test, descriptive statistics, the classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, partial hypothesis testing (T test) and simultaneous hypothesis testing (F test), and coefficient of determination test. The results of this study indicate that Organizational Citizenship Behavior has a partially significant effect on employee performance with a calculated T-count of 2.659 > T-table 2.048. Good Corporate Governance has a partially significant effect on employee performance with a calculated T-count of 4.423 > T-table 2.048. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Good Corporate Governance simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance with a calculated F-count of 40.741 > F-table 3.35 and a regression coefficient value of 73.3%.
Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer in the Philippines: The Case of Rural Vs. Urban Beneficiaries
Authors: Charlyn Charlyn 
Published: August 2024

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the CCT program in the Philippines in terms of its effect on conditionality goods as reflected by food, health, and education expenditures of households from rural and urban areas that benefitted the program. The study used secondary cross-section data and employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology in estimating the average treatment effect on the treated. In terms of share to total expenditures, the study finds that CCT has a significant effect on education for household beneficiaries in rural areas and has improved the quality of food consumed by household beneficiaries in urban areas. Also, the study reveals a decrease in the per capita total expenditure and per capita food expenditure of the household beneficiaries in urban areas driven by their improved saving behavior. However, CCT has no significant effect on conditionality goods such as health and education for household beneficiaries in urban areas. For household beneficiaries in rural areas, only the increase in the share of education and carbohydrate foods are significant. Based on the findings of the study, the CCT program, at some point, is effective in meeting its short-term goal, but it must be more targeted in order to improve its impact on other conditionality goods.
Zakat Kekayaan Harta yang Immaterial: Studi Perbandingan Wahbah Al-Zuhaili dan Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi
Authors: Eriyanti Nahara , Khadafi Abrar 
Published: August 2024

Zaman modern saat ini mengenal satu bentuk kekayaan yang diciptakan oleh kemajuan teknologi dalam bidang perindustrian dan perdagangan salah satunya adalah bitcoin. Bitcoin adalah jaringan pembayaran berdasarkan teknologi peer-to-peer dan open source. Dewasa ini sangat dimungkinkan seseorang yang sudah mempunyai harta kekayaan yang immaterial dan sudah sampai nisab tetapi tidak dikeluarkan zakatnya dikarenakan tidak ada hukum yang jelas dalam persoalan yang seperti ini, persoalan harta kekayaan yang bagaimana yang wajib dikeluarkan zakatnya, hal ini tentu menarik untuk dikaji dalam wilayah pemikiran tokoh, khususnya Wahbah al-Zuhaili dan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi. Oleh karenanya, ada perbedaan pendapat ulama Wahbah al-Zuhaili dan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, menarik kiranya dikaji tentang dalil dan metode penemuan hukum yang digunakan oleh kedua tokoh tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimanakah kriteria hukum zakat atas harta yang immaterial ini. Kedua apa metode istimbat yang di gunakan Wahbah al-Zuhaili dan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi terhadap kewajiban harta immaterial. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan, dengan mengambil rujukan pada buku-buku dan kitab-kitab hadis. Hasil penelitian bahwasanya Wahbah al-Zuhaili mewajibkan zakat atas harta yang immaterial, karena menurutnya zakat wajib atas hasil pendapatan bukan dari wujud benda harta tersebut, maka zakat pada harta kekayaan baik itu berwujud atau tidaknya jika telah sampai nisab dan syarat-syarat zakat maka zakatnya wajib ditunaikan, metode istimbat yang beliau gunakan yaitu qiyas, dengan menyamakan illat yaitu annama’, dan di samping menggunakan qiyas beliau juga menggunakan metode istimbat hukum maslahah mursalah yaitu maslahat bagi orang miskin dan memberantaskan kemiskinan. Sedangkan menurut Yusuf al-Qaradhawi juga mewajibkannya dengan syarat harta tesebut harus berkembang, jika harta kekayaan itu tidak berkembang maka tidak wajib zakat atasnya, dengan metode istimbat yang beliau gunakan yaitu menggunakan logika, sebab menurutnya segala harta kekayaan itu wajib ditunaikan guna membersihkan harta itu sendiri dan membantu orang-orang miskin yang tidak mendapat bagian. Dari paparan di atas disimpulkan bahwa zakat kekayaan harta yang immaterial itu adalah wajib menurut Wahbah al-Zuhaili dan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi.
Adverse Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Requiring Critical Care in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Abbas Janjua  , Rohan Qamar  , Ayra Arshad  , Tariq Farani  , Syed Muhammad Nauman  , Ali Chand  
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in predicting one-month mortality in patients requiring critical care.
Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Apr to Oct 2020.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 173 patients requiring intensive care. All patients aged between 20 and 70 years diagnosed with disorders secondary to traumatic causes or otherwise who were admitted for critical care were included. Patients were assessed at the time of admission to the intensive care unit, and their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were calculated. A cut-off level of ≥7 was considered to be a high risk for mortality within thirty days of admission. All patients were followed up for thirty days for the mortality.
Results: Mean age of our patients was 43.04±11.26 years, of whom 109(60.6%) patients were male. A SOFA score of ≥7 in predicting the mortality within thirty days of admission for critical care carried a sensitivity of 31.40%, a specificity of 25.53%, a positive predictive value of 27.84%, a negative predictive value of 28.92% and a diagnostic accuracy of 28.33%.
Conclusion: The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score lacks the diagnostic accuracy to precisely predict the mortality in critically ill patients within thirty days of developing the requirement for critical care.
Pengaruh Promosi Word Of Mouth Dan Digital Marketing Terhadap Minat Pelanggan Asuransi Manulife Di Kota Gunungsitoli
Authors: Dakhi Junius Revorman , Tambunan Elisabet 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat pelanggan asuransi di Kota Gunungsitoli terhadap Promosi Word Of Mouth (WOM) maupun Digital Marketing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelanggan asuransi Manulife di Kota Gunungsitoli, sampel yang diambil sebanyak 73 responden dengan menggunakan Teknik non probability sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif serta metode analisis data yang terdiri dari uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, dan uji heteroskedastisitas, uji regresi linear berganda, uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji t dan uji f dan uji koefisien determinasi (R2). Pengerjaan metode analisis data menggunakan bantuan SPSS 25 For windows. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa promosi word of mouth dan digital marketing terhadap minat pelanggan asuransi manulife di kota gunungsitoli berpengaruh positif. Hasil ini dapat dilihat berdasarkan pengujian koefisien determinasi yang menghasilkan nilai R square sebesar 0,333. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi word of mouth dan digital marketing mampu mempengaruhi minat pelanggan Asuransi Manulife sebesar 33,3%.