bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What constrains simultaneous mastery of first and second language word use?
Authors: Malt Barbara C. , Jobe Rachel L. , Li Ping , Pavlenko Aneta , Ameel Eef 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectives: We examined the bi-directional interaction of first language (L1) and second language (L2) word use patterns by asking whether L2 patterns of word use can be acquired with intensive exposure in a laboratory setting, and whether this early stage of L2 learning would impact L1 performance. Methodology: In two experiments, native speakers of English first labeled drinking vessels in English, then received intensive training on L2 Russian naming patterns for the objects, and, lastly, labeled the objects in English again. Data and analysis: Data were collected from eight different training groups with 14–15 participants each plus a control group with 14 participants who did not learn L2 Russian. Findings/conclusions: Trained participants successfully acquired L2 Russian patterns of word use regardless of specific training condition. However, they showed significantly less consistency in L1 English post-test labeling than the control group. Originality: Neither full acquisition of L2 patterns nor their simultaneous impact on L1 choices has been previously demonstrated. Significance/implications: These outcomes suggest that acquisition of target-like L2 word use can be facilitated by intensive exposure to word-referent mappings. However, even in the early stages of L2 learning, a L2 influence may be manifested in the L1 as a destabilization of word-to-referent mappings, suggesting continuous dynamic interaction between the two languages.
The cell cycle- and insulin-signaling-inhibiting miRNA expression pattern of very small embryonic-like stem cells contributes to their quiescent state
Authors: Maj Magdalena , Schneider Gabriela , Ratajczak Janina , Suszynska Malwina , Kucia Magda , Ratajczak Mariusz Z 
Published: May 2015

Murine Oct4+, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), are a quiescent stem cell population that requires a supportive co-culture layer to proliferate and/or to differentiate in vitro. Gene expression studies have revealed that the quiescence of these cells is due to changes in expression of parentally imprinted genes, including genes involved in cell cycle regulation and insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in VSEL quiescence, we performed miRNA studies in highly purified VSELs and observed a unique miRNA expression pattern in these cells. Specifically, we observed significant differences in the expression of certain miRNA species (relative to a reference cell population), including (i) miRNA-25_1 and miRNA-19 b, whose downregulation has the effect of upregulating cell cycle checkpoint genes and (ii) miRNA-675-3 p and miRNA-675-5 p, miRNA-292-5 p, miRNA-184, and miRNA-125 b, whose upregulation attenuates IIS. These observations are important for understanding the biology of these cells and for developing efficient ex vivo expansion strategies for VSELs isolated from adult tissues.
Effect of zoledronic acid on serum calcium in Paget’s disease patients after educational strategies to improve calcium and vitamin D supplementation
Authors: Tucci Joseph R. , Bone Henry G. , Su Guoqin , Tan Monique , Ozturk Zafer E. , Aftring Paul 
Published: May 2015

Objective: Bisphosphonates are the most effective therapeutic agents in patients with Paget’s disease of bone. As a result of their inhibition of osteoclastic activity, hypocalcemia of variable frequency and severity following intravenous bisphosphonate therapy has been reported. The present study assessed the effect of physician and patient education on adequate supplementation of calcium and vitamin D to reduce the potential risk of developing hypocalcemia following infusion of 5 mg zoledronic acid. Methods: This was an open-label, multicenter, controlled registry trial in which patients with Paget’s disease were treated with a single intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid. Physicians were provided with educational materials focusing on optimization of calcium and vitamin D supplementation following zoledronic infusion that they used to educate their patients. The primary safety variable was the percentage of patients with serum calcium level <2.07mmol/l 9–11 days after zoledronic acid infusion. Results: A total of 75 patients were evaluable in the post dose hypocalcemia safety analysis. Of these, only 1 patient had treatment-emergent hypocalcemia, with a serum calcium level of 1.92 mmol/l 4 days following therapy. Hypocalcemia-related symptoms were not reported in this patient and the serum calcium returned to normal range at 2.17 mmol/l within 1 week on oral calcium supplementation. Conclusions: These results suggest that, with optimization of calcium and vitamin D supplementation by physician and patient education, hypocalcemia is an infrequent occurrence following zoledronic acid infusion.
The need to do better – Are we still letting our patients down and at what cost?
Authors: Cumming Grant Philip , Currie Heather , Morris Edward , Moncur Rik , Lee Amanda J. 
Published: May 2015

Objective To survey women’s views on HRT and alternative therapies and make comparisons with 2007 data. Study design A questionnaire on a UK patient-tailored independent clinician-led website with anonymous responses analysed using descriptive statistics. Main outcome measures Answers to survey questions in 2007 and 2014. Results A total of 1476 responses from 33 countries were obtained. Almost 70% of respondents had used/would consider using HRT. Over the last 5 years, 27.7% felt that their views had changed for the better. Most obtained information from health professionals or the Internet. About 51.1% felt that their family doctor did not recognise the importance of the menopause with one-third feeling resistance to being offered HRT. Compared to 2007, significantly more women were aware of the different risks associated with different types of HRT. More women were able to respond positively to the question asking whether or not they felt able to make an informed choice regarding HRT/alternative therapies. Conclusions There has been negativity and confusion regarding HRT management since the beginning of the millennium. Our findings suggest that we, as health professionals, continue to let our patients down with poor provision of information, inaccurate or wrong information, or access to the right care. The cost of this is women living with preventable sequelae associated with the menopausal transition with a consequent adverse impact on health and the health economy. The importance of the menopause consultation as part of a life course approach is highlighted as well as the emerging discipline of Health Web Science.
The Trapped Medial Meniscus Tear
Authors: Herschmiller Thomas A. , Anderson John A. , Garrett William E. , Taylor Dean C. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Numerous clinical examination maneuvers have been developed to identify meniscus tears of the knee. While meniscus injuries vary significantly in type and severity, no maneuvers have been developed that help to distinguish particular tear characteristics. Purpose: This nonconsecutive case series highlights a distinctive clinical finding that correlates with inferiorly displaced flap tears of the medial meniscus that become trapped in the medial gutter of the knee, as identified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Eight patients with trapped medial meniscus tears were identified from a single surgeon’s academic orthopaedic sports medicine practice between January 2009 and January 2012. Each patient underwent clinical evaluation, MRI, and arthroscopic treatment for meniscus injury. Clinical notes, MRI images, radiology reports, and operative findings were reviewed and compared in a descriptive fashion. Results: Each patient displayed a positive clinical examination finding of medial knee pain inferior to the joint line with flexion and the application of valgus stress in the setting of a torn medial meniscus and intact medial collateral ligament (MCL). Preoperative MRI revealed a distinctive flap tear of the medial meniscus flipped inferiorly to lay trapped between the tibia and deep fibers of the MCL. On arthroscopy, flap tears were found displaced inferiorly and trapped in the medial gutter in 6 of the 8 patients. Displaced meniscal fragments in the remaining 2 patients were found within the medial compartment. Conclusion: Inferiorly displaced flap tears of the meniscus that have been displaced to the medial gutter can be localized through a careful examination technique. Clinical Relevance: Early identification of this injury pattern may help reduce the likelihood that the trapped fragment will be missed during arthroscopy.
How I treat adults with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Frey Noelle V. , Luger Selina M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe long-term prognosis of adult patients with relapsed Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL) is poor. Allogeneic stem cell transplant in second remission is the only curative approach and is the goal when feasible. There is no standard chemotherapy regimen for relapsed disease, although a few agents are approved for use in this setting. The bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager, blinatumomab, has recently been granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for relapsed or refractory disease of B-cell lineage. For patients with relapsed T-cell ALL, nelarabine is available. Liposomal vincristine is also approved for relapsed disease. When selecting combination chemotherapy salvage options, evaluation of the prior treatment and timing of relapse informs treatment decisions. Monoclonal and cellular investigational therapies are quite promising and should be explored in the appropriate patient.
Fabrication of Fe3O4@mSiO2 Core-Shell Composite Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Uribe Madrid Sergio I , Pal Umapada , Kang Young Soo , Kim Junghoon , Kwon Hyungjin , Kim Jungho 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We report the synthesis of Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanostructures of different meso-silica (mSiO2) shell thickness, their biocompatibility and behaviors for loading and release of a model drug ibuprofen. The composite nanostructures have superparamagnetic magnetite cores of 208 nm average size and meso-silica shells of 15 to 40 nm thickness. A modified Stöber method was used to grow the meso-silica shells over the hydrothermally grown monodispersed magnetite particles. The composite nanoparticles show very promising drug holding and releasing behaviors, which depend on the thickness of meso-silica shell. The biocompatibility of the meso-silica-coated and uncoated magnetite nanoparticles was tested through cytotoxicity assay on breast cancer (MCF-7), ovarian cancer (SKOV3), normal human lung fibroblasts MRC-5, and IMR-90 cells. The high drug holding capacity and reasonable biocompatibility of the nanostructures make them ideal agents for targeted drug delivery applications in human body.
Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease
Authors: Mullen Lisa M , Chamberlain Giselle , Sacre Sandra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets.
Graphene Nanosheets as the Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Yi , Zhao Shangbi , Xiang Jin , Liu Debei , Zhu Linna , Li Ping , Song Qunliang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Graphene nanosheet (GN) films on fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) are used as the counter electrode in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. These films show unique 3D networks with enlarged effective reaction area, good adhesion to FTO, and high catalytic activity. By using the developed GN films on FTO as the counter electrode, a p-type dye-sensitized device with an open-circuit voltage of 134 mV, a short circuit of 1.90 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 36.37% is obtained, which is comparable to the performance of a device with a Pt counter electrode.
Fluorescence Enhancement of Tetraazaporphyrins by the Use of Bulky Substituent Effects
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Furuyama Taniyuki , Asai Mitsuo , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Tetraazaporphyrins substituted with bulky aryl groups have been synthesized and their fluorescence properties were investigated. The structural effects of the bulky groups were estimated by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The fluorescence quantum yields of these compounds were successfully enhanced due to the effect of the bulky substituent groups.
Effect of superabsorbent dressings in a 3D acellular tissue model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Authors: Larkö E. , Persson A. , Blom K. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To compare a superabsorbent polymer dressing (DryMax Extra; DME), an antibacterial absorbent polymer dressing (Sorbact absorption dressing; SB) and an antibacterial superabsorbent polymer dressing (Sorbion Sachet S; SSS) activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Method: A 3D acellular synthetic soft tissue (ASST) allowing biofilm formation, was prepared and inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, before the application of dressings. The dressings DME, with and without a silver net, and two benchmark dressings SB and SSS were tested. After 24 hours' incubation, qualitative assessment by visual screening of the soft tissue and bacterial burden assessment in the dressings and acellular soft tissue model were performed. Results: DME combined with a silver net gave a distinct and wide colourless zone of inhibition while partial zones of inhibition were seen for DME, SSS and SB. Compared with the tissues exposed to the other dressings, those exposed to SB and the bacterial control appeared green and opaque. In descending order, the most visual growth was seen in bacterial control, followed by SB, SSS, and DME. The bacterial load was equivalent for all dressings without an antimicrobial substance in both ASST (around log 10) and dressing (around log 11). The bacterial load for DME combined with a silver net, in comparison to DME alone was significantly reduced, with log 3.6 in dressings and log 4.2 in ASST. Conclusion: The removal of bacteria by DME was equivalent to SB and SSS. Furthermore, DME limited the production of the green colour, indicative of Pyocyanin. If extrapolated to a wound, the ability of DME to absorb Pseudomonas aeruginosa and limit Pyocyanin levels in the wound might lead to reduced virulence.
Expected outcomes from topical haemoglobin spray in non-healing and worsening venous leg ulcers
Authors: Arenberger P. , Elg F. , Petyt J. , Cutting K. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To evaluate the effect of topical haemoglobin spray on treatment response and wound-closure rates in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. Method: A linear regression model was used to forecast healing outcomes over a 12-month period. Simulated data were taken from normal distributions based on post-hoc analysis of a 72-patient study in non-healing and worsening wounds (36 patients receiving standard care and 36 receiving standard care plus topical haemoglobin spray). Using a simulated 25,000 ‘patients’ from each group, the proportion of wound closure over time was projected. Results: Simulation results predicted a 55% wound closure rate at six months in the haemoglobin group, compared with 4% in the standard care group. Over a 12-month simulation period, a 43% overall reduction in wound burden was predicted. With the haemoglobin spray, 85% of wounds were expected to heal in 12 months, compared with 13% in the standard care group. Conclusion: Topical haemoglobin spray promises a more effective treatment for chronic venous leg ulcers than standard care alone in wounds that are non-healing or worsening. Further research is required to validate these predictions and to identify achievable outcomes in other chronic wound types.
Salivary Gland Tumor Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Griffith Christopher C. , Pai Reetesh K. , Schneider Frank , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L. , Johnson Jonas T. , Seethala Raja R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objectives:
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is useful in the evaluation of salivary gland tumors, but currently no standard terminology or risk stratification model exists.

Methods:
FNA smears were reviewed and categorized based on cytonuclear features, stromal characteristics, and background characteristics. Risk of malignancy was calculated for each category. Classifications as benign, neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (NUMP), suspicious for malignancy, and positive for malignancy were used to aggregate categories into similar risk groups.

Results:
Categorization of salivary gland aspirates into morphologic categories resulted in the expected risk stratification. Grouping of categories maintained risk stratification, providing classes with malignancy risk as follows: benign, 2%; NUMP, 18%; suspicious for malignancy, 76%; and positive for malignancy, 100%.

Conclusions:
Salivary gland FNA categorization into commonly encountered morphologic categories provides risk stratification, which translates to a simplified classification scheme of benign, NUMP, suspicious, and positive for malignancy similar to the paradigm in other organ systems.
p16/CDKN2A FISH in Differentiation of Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma From Mesothelial Hyperplasia and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ito Tomohiro , Hamasaki Makoto , Matsumoto Shinji , Hiroshima Kenzo , Tsujimura Tohru , Kawai Toshiaki , Shimao Yoshiya , Marutsuka Kousuke , Moriguchi Sayaka , Maruyama Riruke , Miyamoto Shingo , Nabeshima Kazuki 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objectives:
It can be difficult to differentiate diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) or peritoneal dissemination of gynecologic malignancies, such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), which cause a large amount of ascites. Detection of the homozygous deletion of p16/CDKN2A (p16) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an effective adjunct in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the p16 FISH assay to differentiate DMPM from RMH and EOC.

Methods:
p16 FISH was performed in 28 DMPMs (successful in 19), 30 RMHs, and 40 EOC cases. The cutoff values of p16 FISH were more than 10% for homozygous deletion and more than 40% for heterozygous deletion.

Results:
According to the above criteria, nine (47.4%) of 19 successful DMPM cases were homozygous deletion positive, and three (15.8%) of 19 were heterozygous deletion positive, whereas all RMH cases were negative for the p16 deletion. In all four major histologic subtypes of EOC, neither p16 homozygous nor heterozygous deletions were detected. To differentiate DMPM from RMH or EOC, the sensitivity of the p16 homozygous deletion was 32% (9/28), and the specificity was 100%.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that p16 FISH analysis is useful in differentiating DMPM from RMH and EOC when homozygous deletion is detected.
Kevin Mulligan, Katarzyna Kijania-Placek and Tomasz Placek, The History and Philosophy of Polish Logic. Essays in Honour of Jan Wolenski.
Authors: Catterson Troy 
Published: May 2015

New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. 308 pp. $96.63. ISBN 978-1-137-03090-0. Reviewed by Troy Catterson
Maintenance of Quantitative Genetic Variance Under Partial Self-Fertilization, with Implications for Evolution of Selfing
Authors: Lande Russell , Porcher Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe analyze two models of the maintenance of quantitative genetic variance in a mixed-mating system of self-fertilization and outcrossing. In both models purely additive genetic variance is maintained by mutation and recombination under stabilizing selection on the phenotype of one or more quantitative characters. The Gaussian allele model (GAM) involves a finite number of unlinked loci in an infinitely large population, with a normal distribution of allelic effects at each locus within lineages selfed for τ consecutive generations since their last outcross. The infinitesimal model for partial selfing (IMS) involves an infinite number of loci in a large but finite population, with a normal distribution of breeding values in lineages of selfing age τ. In both models a stable equilibrium genetic variance exists, the outcrossed equilibrium, nearly equal to that under random mating, for all selfing rates, r, up to critical value, r^, the purging threshold, which approximately equals the mean fitness under random mating relative to that under complete selfing. In the GAM a second stable equilibrium, the purged equilibrium, exists for any positive selfing rate, with genetic variance less than or equal to that under pure selfing; as r increases above r^ the outcrossed equilibrium collapses sharply to the purged equilibrium genetic variance. In the IMS a single stable equilibrium genetic variance exists at each selfing rate; as r increases above r^ the equilibrium genetic variance drops sharply and then declines gradually to that maintained under complete selfing. The implications for evolution of selfing rates, and for adaptive evolution and persistence of predominantly selfing species, provide a theoretical basis for the classical view of Stebbins that predominant selfing constitutes an “evolutionary dead end.”
Water-splitting using photoelectrodes of titania and titania-perovskite halite composite films
Authors: Lai Yu-Shiuan , Yang Tao-Wei , Wong Ming-Show , Pai Yi-Hao , Chen Su-Hua 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTitanium oxide photoelectrodes have been used for water splitting for a few decades, but have low solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies. Perovskite halides (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have recently emerged as an efficient light absorber system. We try to combine the two materials to create new photoelectrodes to achieve a higher efficiency for hydrogen production. The photoelectrodes are investigated for water-splitting hydrogen production under Xe light irradiation by photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction. Since perovskite halides are favorable light harvesters under UV and visible light irradiation, the composite films of titania and perovskite halide would achieve efficient water splitting. The hydrogen production rate using the composite films is higher than that using anatase TiO2 electrode. However, the composite films are not stable in water under light irradiation and the perovskite halide gradually decomposes into lead halide.