bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Genesis 38: A Thematic Reading
Authors: Kim Dohyung 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The relationship of the Judah-Tamar story in Genesis 38 to the so-called Joseph story in Genesis 37-50 has been much discussed. In this article, I am attempting to suggest a new perspective on the structure of Genesis 38. Through a narrative approach, I argue that this chapter can be understood according to Binary Thematic-Symmetrical Patterns and posit what I call the Bucket-Shaped Structure of the Judah-Tamar Story. The story consists of two main episodes (Episode I, vv. 1-19; Episode II, vv. 20-30), which are divided into six smaller sections (vv. 1-5, 6-11, 12-19, 20-23, 24-26, 27-30). It presents two leading characters: Judah and Tamar. Together they experience three common themes; these are, building up a family, shame and deceit. To the reader, the first theme looks positive (+), but the second and the third appear negative (-). In both Episode I and Episode II, the character of Judah enters early in the scenes (vv. 1-5, 20-23) and Tamar’s character occupies the ends of the episodes (vv. 12-19, 27-30). The narrator presents Tamar’s shame in section two (vv. 6-11) and her deceit in section three (vv. 12-19). Judah’s character is also shown in the same way (deceit, vv. 20-23, shame, vv. 24-26). These two episodes can be read as reflecting a dialectic process and could be represented as: Thesis (Episode I) + Antithesis (Episode II) = Synthesis (Establishing a Family). This symmetrical structure in the story of Genesis 38 highlights the significance of childbirth to both Judah and Tamar for securing the next generation within the larger Primary Narrative (Genesis—2 Kings).
Looking for Aphek in 1 Kgs 20
Authors: Hasegawa Shuichi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Efforts have been long made to locate Aphek described as an Aramaean fortified city in 1 Kgs 20 and various identifications have been offered. Yet, literary analysis of 1 Kgs 20 and the historical situation emerging from contemporary extra-biblical sources point to anachronistic features of the story in 1 Kgs 20 and its late authorship. The selection of the toponym Aphek in the battle account should be regarded as a rhetorical technique of the author who wished to produce a literary effect upon readers who were familiar with the Israelites’ defeat at Aphek in the stories in 1 Sam 4 and 29. The interchange of the words between mîšôr and ʿămāqîm in vv. 23, 25 and 28 may indicate that the author had no intention to specify the battle place in this imaginative work.
Incidence patterns of ectodermic lesions in wild populations of Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis)
Authors: Lazić Marko M. , Carretero Miguel A. , Mihailov-Krstev Tatjana , Lazarević-Macanović Mirjana , Krstić Nikola , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka 
Published: November 2012

Skin lesions frequently present in adult lizards may be due to a variety of causes, both physical and infectious, including excessively high humidity and environmental temperature, malnutrition, concurrent disease etc. On the other hand, skin lesions in lizards could be simple evidence of various behavioural patterns and biotic interactions. However, studies on frequencies of dermal lesions and their anatomical and environmental correlates in lacertid lizards are rare. Here, we use Podarcis muralis to analyse the relations between occurrence of ectodermal lesions and three possible indicators of environmental stress (body condition index – BCI, infestation by ticks and tail condition) by evaluating differences among local populations at uni- and multivariate level. Our results showed that BCI, together with body size and sexual size dimorphism, varied between populations but had no direct influence on the presence of lesions. Males had higher frequencies of lesions and ticks but lower frequencies of broken tails than females. All three parameters varied between sites likely due to differences in predation/parasite exposures and agonistic interactions with conspecifics between sexes and populations. Results of multivariate analyses suggested that the occurrence of lesions is decoupled from the other morphological stress indicators. Detected associations indicated that relations between presence of lesions and other analysed variables are rather complex. Directions for further research on ectodermal lesions in lacertid lizards are provided.
Weak genetic divergence between the two South American toad-headed turtles Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae)
Authors: Vargas-Ramírez Mario , Michels Jan , Castaño-Mora Olga Victoria , Cárdenas-Arevalo Gladys , Gallego-García Natalia , Fritz Uwe 
Published: November 2012

Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae are two endangered, little-known toad-headed turtles with small distribution ranges in Colombia and Venezuela, respectively. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene as a marker, we investigate their phylogeographic differentiation. Furthermore, based on 2341 bp of mtDNA and 2109 bp of nDNA of M. dahli, M. zuliae and allied chelid turtles, we infer their divergence time using a fossil-calibrated relaxed molecular clock approach. Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae are closely related species, with an estimated mean divergence time of 10.6 million years. This estimate correlates with the uplift of the Serranía de Perijá, an Andean mountain chain separating their distribution ranges, suggesting that this event could have caused the evolution of the two species. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities of M. dahli are markedly higher than in Podocnemis lewyana, another endemic turtle species of Colombia. This pronounced dissimilarity may reflect differences in the phylogeographies and demographic histories of the two species, but also different habitat preferences.
Shark scavenging and predation on sea turtles in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Bornatowski Hugo , Heithaus Michael R. , Batista Clenia M.P. , Mascarenhas Rita 
Published: November 2012

Large sharks have the potential to help structure ecosystem dynamics through top-down impacts on their prey, including sea turtles. Studies of interactions between large sharks and sea turtles, however, are practically nonexistent along the Brazilian coast. Between September 2002 and May 2011 we examined 655 sea turtles – including green turtlesChelonia mydas(n = 607), olive ridleysLepidochelys olivacea(n = 10), hawksbillsEretmochelys imbricata(n = 33), and loggerheadsCaretta caretta(n = 5) – that stranded on Paraíba coast, northeastern Brazil. A total of 63 green turtles (10.4%), two olive ridleys (20.0%) and one hawksbill (3.0%) had shark-inflicted bites. Most bites could not be definitively attributed to scavenging or attacks on living turtles, but the presence of healed shark bites and freshly bleeding bites suggests that some attacks occurred pre-mortem. Bite characteristics suggest that tiger sharksGaleocerdo cuvierwere responsible for most bites that could be identified to a particular species. Within green turtles, the only species with sufficient sample size, the probability of carcasses having been bitten increased with carapace length but did not vary across seasons and years. However, there was spatial variation in the probability of a carcass having been bitten by sharks. Our estimates of the minimum proportion of turtles attacked while alive (∼4%) and bitten overall are similar to other areas where shark-turtle interactions have been studied. Turtles likely are an important food for tiger sharks in northeastern Brazil, but further studies are needed to determine the relative frequencies of scavenging and predation.
Chemically-mediated sexual display postures in pre-ovulatory female topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva
Authors: Burnard D. , Hubbard P.C. , Müller C.T. , Griffiths S.W. , Andreou D. , Osselton M.D. , Canário A.V.M. , Gozlan R.E. 
Published: November 2012

While mating systems vary considerably throughout the animal kingdom, smell is increasingly recognised as a common factor in successful copulation. However, the full range of olfactory- induced mating behaviours among animals is undoubtedly underestimated in comparison to visual or contact stimuli, and this underestimation suggests that our understanding of courtship rituals may be incomplete. Here, we use the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon,Pseudorasboraparvaas a biological model to separate and validate the induction of headstands as courtship behaviour in many fish species. Conspecific odour was isolated using solid phase extraction (SPE) and fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Active fractions were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Electrophysiological responses of pre-ovulatory females to conspecific odour were also tested via the electro-olfactogram (EOG). Results revealed that pre-ovulatory females adopted headstand body postures during exposure to nest guarding male odour (4/12) and SPE extract (5/12) but did not display during exposure to any other odour. Fractions from HPLC yielded 1 active fraction that induced headstand body postures in pre-ovulatory females (4/12). The active fraction eluted at 30–35 min and showed no response in the UV. NMR imaging revealed low intensity levels of aliphatic protons: methylene protons (CH2) at around 2 parts per million (ppm) and methin (CH) at around 3 ppm. EOG response amplitudes were approximately double in response to pre-ovulatory female odour than to odour derived from post-ovulatory females (Mann–WhitneyU-test, , ). This study provides evidence of sex-specific chemical cues and responsive, adaptive sexual behaviour inP. parvaand demonstrates that female display postures may be induced by chemical stimuli alone.
Edith Stein and the Contemporary Psychological Study of Empathy
Authors: Meneses Rita W. , Larkin Michael 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Illuminated by the writings of Edith Stein (1917/1989), this paper presents a model of empathy as a very particular intersubjective understanding. This is commonly a view absent from psychology literature. For Stein, empathy is the experience of experientially and directly knowing another person’s experience, as it unfolds in the present, together with the awareness of the ‘otherness’ of that experience. It can be conceptually distinguished, in terms of process and experience, from current models that propose that empathic understandings are ‘intellectual’ experiences (e.g., explicit simulation theories, perspective-taking) or sympathetic experiences (e.g., implicit simulation theories, contagion-related theories). As such, she provides an additional or alternative aspect to understanding other people’s experiences. Our paper provides a summary of Stein’s key analytic claims about three key facets of empathy (directly perceiving, experientially projecting, and interpretatively mentalizing). Her views are discussed in the light of debates relevant for contemporary psychology and social cognition.
From Fetishism to ‘Shocked Disbelief ’: Economics, Dialectics and Value Theory
Authors: McNally David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe recent arrival ofFrom Economics Imperialism to Freakonomicsby Fine and Milonakis is especially propitious given the context of the Great Recession of 2008 – and the associated decline of public faith in the verities of mainstream economics. Fine and Milonakis provide a magisterial critical survey of contemporary economics and demonstrate the need for a ‘new and truly interdisciplinary political economy’ capable of ‘incorporating the social and historical from the outset’. But their cause requires the explicit development of value analysis within the framework of dialectical social theory. This requires foregrounding the ways in which Marx’s categories inCapitalare from the start historical precipitates that acknowledge their own inherent historicity.
Everyday Life and the State, Peter Bratsis, Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2006
Authors: Flatschart Elmar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present review essay discusses Peter Bratsis’s work Everyday Life and the State (2006). It is argued that Bratsis produces a sound contribution to the on-going debate on state theory, which has its particular strengths in the innovative treatment of the public-private divide and an elaborate critique of fetishistic and ideological relations in the field of the political. In this, Bratsis builds on a broad range of structuralist, poststructuralist and dialectical positions. Deficiencies of his work are likewise to be found in this bricolage of theoretical approaches: it is argued that conflicting epistemological and ontological fundamentals are not sufficiently taken into account, which consequently leads to reductionist and errant conclusions. This is especially evident in the confusion of ‘structuralist’ and ‘dialectical’ heuristics, which leads to an insufficiently materialist picture of the state in relation to ‘everyday life’.
From Freakonomics to Political Economy
Authors: Fine Ben , Milonakis Dimitris 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.
Albert Schweitzer and Africa
Authors: Paget James Carleton 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article re-examines the question of Albert Schweitzer’s career as a medical missionary in the Gabon. After noting that Schweitzer has rarely been the subject of any discussion among Africanists and explaining why that is the case, the article looks at why Schweitzer decided to go to the Gabon, how he perceived his role there, how his attitudes to colonialism evolved, and what role his African experience played in the evolution of his thought. Among other things, the article seeks to bring out tensions and contradictions in Schweitzer’s relationship to the African continent.
Mendicants and Merchants in the Medieval Mediterranean: An Introduction
Authors: Chubb Taryn E. L. , Kelley Emily 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
When the mendicant orders were founded in the thirteenth century, they quickly began to cultivate mutually beneficial relationships with the emerging merchant class. This special issue of Medieval Encounters is an interdisciplinary study of the complex connections that developed between the two groups throughout the Mediterranean during the late medieval period. These relationships have rarely been addressed in the scholarship on this period, but in urban centers throughout the medieval Mediterranean, friars and merchants crossed paths daily and the evidence of their interaction reveals the extent to which the two communities came to depend upon one another.
Friars on the Edge: Socio-Economic Networking and the Dominicans of Conquered Mallorca
Authors: Vose Robin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Though often disappointing as sources for religious history, urban convent archives have the potential to shed valuable light on otherwise invisible social networks of the medieval bourgeoisie. Analysis of merchant and other names appearing in a wide variety of mundane contracts reveals the realia of economic relationships that, in the frontier context of Mallorca, occasionally crossed confessional lines. The case studies included in this article hint at the diverse array of characters whose entrepreneurial careers led to associations with and around the thirteenth-century Dominican convent of Sant Domingo de Mallorca. From social-climbing archers and tailors to converso shipping magnates and landowners, speculators of all sorts crossed paths within the cloistered halls of a mendicant sanctuary whose function was never exclusively spiritual. Dominican archives appear primarily to have served as repositories for such clients’ transaction records, especially in unstable colonial situations—an aspect of the order’s pastoral mission which has hitherto received little attention.
The Rise of the Nacirema and the Descent of European Man: A Response to Manuel A. Vásquez’s More than Belief
Authors: Johnson Sylvester A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Manuel Vásquez’s Beyond Belief richly examines the prospects of rooting the study of religion more seriously within the imperatives of materialist theory. His study also prompts scholars to consider how attention to the body has been shaped by race and empire. In this essay, I reflect on how the linkage of religion, race, and empire has shaped the imperial history of imagining dark bodies and matter more broadly. I conclude that the ethnographic turn within studies of Western religious subjects signals an important, generative shift in scholarship, one that enables a more rigorous, materially-centered interpretation of Western religious subjectivity.
Absence of kin discrimination in the hatchlings of a lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae)
Authors: Ammanna Veena H.F. , Saidapur Srinivas K. , Shanbhag Bhagyashri A. 
Published: November 2012

Laboratory born Calotes versicolor hatchlings were reared for 15 days in pure or mixed sibships or singly in isolation and then tested for their kin discrimination ability. As C. versicolor orients itself visually, visual displays like push-ups, gular extensions, and distance between the test individuals were used as indicators of arousal/aggression towards the opponents (familiar vs. familiar/unfamiliar sib or non-sib). The hatchlings exhibited aggressiveness towards unfamiliar sibs as well as non-sibs in the form of push-ups and gular extensions; they also remained at a longer distance from each other. In contrast, they did not exhibit such behaviors against familiar individuals regardless of their relatedness, and stayed closer to each other. In tests involving once familiar individuals, sib, or non-sib reared together for 15 d from hatching and then separated for 7 or 30 d, the lizards showed aggressiveness towards each other following 30 d separation. A greater number of push-ups and gular extensions were exhibited by the test individuals after 30 d separation compared to those separated for 7 d. Thus, in this non-social lizard, there is no kin discrimination. An early dispersal of hatchlings in this species may have led to a loss of kin discrimination. However, familiar individuals are recognized as long as they continue to remain familiar thereby suggesting a ‘dear enemy phenomenon’.
Sovereign Immunity, Insolvent States and Private Bondholders: Recent National and International Case Law
Authors: Mola Lorenza 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article deals with issues of sovereign immunity from foreign jurisdiction and enforcement, with respect to attempts by private bondholders to recover judicially their credit against a foreign State defaulting on its sovereign debt. It seeks to clarify these issues also in the broader context of cases where a foreign State relies on its insolvency situation as a plea to escape from recovery actions brought by private creditors on the basis of State contracts. In the case where the bonds may qualify as an “investment” under the relevant investment treaties, ICSID and other investor-State tribunals’ awards and their follow-up become relevant too, as shown in the Argentinian crisis and its moratorium on foreign debt. The article reviews recent case law issued by national courts where creditors have brought a claim or tried to have their judgment enforced. In the light of this, it critically highlights the recent bondholders’ practice of refusing the offer made by the ‘insolvent’ State under its debt restructuring plan while seeking to recover their outstanding debt through judicial means.
Preventive Diplomacy by Intergovernmental Organizations: Learning from Practice
Authors: Babbitt Eileen F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Conflict prevention is enjoying a renaissance in international policy circles. However, the official machinery of the international community presently offers few institutions with a specific mandate to address the causes of political violence at an early stage. One such multilateral mechanism dedicated solely to the prevention of conflict is the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Over two decades, the office has developed a significant track record of effectiveness against which to examine the preventive efforts of other intergovernmental organizations. In this article, we examine the prevention efforts of the HCNM in Georgia, Macedonia, and Ukraine and compare these with the preventive diplomacy of three other intergovernmental organizations (IGOs): the Organization of American States (OAS) in Guyana, the Commonwealth in Fiji, and the UN in Afghanistan, Burundi, and Macedonia. Our findings offer some useful and surprising insights into effective prevention practice, with implications for how IGOs might improve preventive diplomacy in the future.
Conflict Prevention in the Commonwealth: The 2000 Fiji Coup
Authors: Collins Craig , Fraenkel Jon 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Republic of Fiji experienced three armed coups in less than twenty years – 1987, 2000, and again in 2006 – symptoms of inter-communal tensions in the country and a political, economic and social system unable to manage them. The Commonwealth, through the good offices of its Secretary-General, was the lead international actor in responding to the crisis that followed the 2000 coup. The following study provides an overview of the Commonwealth as an institution, with a focus on its conflict prevention capacity, through the lens of its actions in Fiji at the time. It seeks to identify the nature and impact of Commonwealth engagement, highlighting potentially useful lessons regarding the institution, the individuals who acted on its behalf, and the efficacy of their actions.
Local Border Traffic – European Union and Member States’ Perspective (based on Polish Experience)
Authors: Dubowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In December 2006 the European Parliament and the Council adopted a regulation concerning the rules on local border traffic (LBT). It may seem that this interesting mechanism remains outside the main stream of consideration devoted to the EU migration policy sensu largo. LBT appears to be, however, an important factor determining the whole system of Union’s external borders and a significant element of border relations between the Member States and third countries as well. At the same time LBT should be perceived multi-dimensionally and may be treated as one of these EU law institutions which concentrates in itself the tangential points of spheres seemingly distinct. In this article LBT will be analysed from two different perspectives: from the perspective of the Union and its area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ) as well as its external action. It will be also analysed from the perspective of the Member States and their bilateral relations with neighbouring countries. The latter issue will be illustrated by Polish experience in this respect, which may tell something more about LBT eastern dimension.