bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of water chestnut based edible coating on the physicochemical quality and shelf life of apples
Authors: Mahnoor  , Ainee Ammara , Hussain Ashiq , Kausar Tusneem , Bibi Barira , Kabir Khurram , Ayesha Amina , Yaqub Shazia , Firdous Nida , Nisar Rizwan , Mahdi Amer Ali , Korma Sameh A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPreservation of perishable fruits and vegetables through edible coatings having functional roles, has gained importance now a days. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of water chestnut powder-based edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of apples (Kala kullu). Two treatments, T1 and T2, were developed by utilizing two different concentrations of heated water chestnut powder (2% and 2.5%, respectively). Whereas, 2% guar gum (T0+) was accustomed as positive control, and uncoated apples as negative control (T0−). Before developing emulsions, water chestnut powder was subjected to chemical, functional and structural analysis, after that emulsions developed were used to coat apples, which were investigated for physicochemical and sensory parameters, during 80 days storage at 20 °C. The findings indicated that emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and viscosity of the coatings was significantly high (p ≤ 0.05) for T2, as compared to T1. During the storage of apples, significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the weight loss and decay percentage was observed in T2. Increased pH and decrease in titratable acidity were also noted in T2. Coated apples (both T2 and T1) maintained the firmness of apples during storage duration, as compared to the uncoated ones. Significantly high (p ≤ 0.05) total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity was shown by T2 as compared to other treatments, as during storage a comparatively lesser decrease in the values of these parameters was observed for T2. Sensory analysis results showed that T2 was given high scores for color, texture, taste, flavor and overall acceptability, as compared to other treatments. It was noted that T2 showed better outcomes in terms of sensory and physiochemical attributes, thus edible coatings having 2.5% water chestnut powder could be used to increase the shelf life of fruits.
Graphical abstract
Compost quality, earthworm activities and microbial communities in biochar-augmented vermicomposting of dewatered activated sludge: the role of biochar particle size
Authors: Peng Wei , Wang Yue , Cui Guangyu , Xu Qiyong , Zhang Hua , He Pinjing , Lü Fan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVermicomposting utilizes the synergistic effect of earthworms with microorganisms to accelerate the stabilization of organic matter in biowastes. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism behind the maturity of vermicompost and the growth of earthworms exposed to biochar of varying particle sizes remains unclear. This study presents an investigation of the effect of biochar particle size on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) survival, microbial diversity, and the quality of vermicompost products. To address these issues, pelletized dewatered sludge samples from a municipal sewage treatment plant were amended with pine-based biochar with particle sizes of 1–2 mm, 25–75 μm, 200 nm, and 60 nm as the substrate for vermicomposting. This study revealed that the addition of millimeter-scale biochar and micron-scale biochar significantly promoted the degradation of organic matter since the organic matter in the treatment with 1–2 mm biochar at the end of the vermicomposting experiment decreased by 12.6%, which was equivalent to a 1.9-fold increase compared with that of the control. Excessive nanopowdering of nanobiochar significantly affected the survival of earthworms and led to 24.4–33.3% cumulative mortality, while millimeter-scale (mm) biochar and micron-scale (μm) biochar achieved zero mortality. The findings of this study could be used for evaluating the potential impact of nanoscale biochar to earthworms and guiding biochar-augmented vermicomposting.
Graphical Abstract
A systematic review: increasing mental health literacy in students through “The Guide”
Authors: Nazari Abouzar , Garmaroudi Gholamreza , Rabiei Marzie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Ensuring mental health literacy among students aged 10–25 is of utmost importance, and the efficacy of educational programs in this domain holds significant value. This systematic review assesses the influence of The Guide (Mental Health and High School Curriculum Guide) on mental health literacy within this demographic.

Materials and methods
This review examined how effective The Guide was in increasing students’ mental health literacy, help-seeking attitudes, and stigma reduction. It also looked at what factors influenced its implementation and sustainability in different settings. It followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched for studies that used The Guide or a modified version of it with students aged 10–25 from 1975 to 2023. Studies were assessed for quality using the QuADS Quality Appraisal tool.

Results
Our systematic review encompassed a comprehensive analysis of 10 reports derived from five primary articles originating from six countries, with a combined participant pool of 4298 individuals. The selected studies exhibited variations in design, duration, delivery modes, and outcome measures. The synthesized findings underscored the positive impact of The Guide educational program on enhancing students' mental health literacy. However, the effects on students' help-seeking attitudes and stigma were varied. Additionally, the results illuminated that the success and sustainability of The Guide were contingent on several factors, including the mode of delivery, the role of facilitators or teachers, and the unique characteristics of the student population.

Conclusion
The review showed that The Guide was effective in improving students’ mental health literacy in different settings. It also suggested that The Guide needed to be adapted and tailored to the local context and culture, and that the facilitators or teachers and the students needed to be trained and involved in the process.
Separation of iodate, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, and iodide in seawater by ion chromatography using 1-aminoundecyl group chemically bonded silica columns
Authors: Ito Kazuaki , Noguchi Michinari , Horioka Yuuta , Ohshita Joji , Hirokawa Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe separation and detection of six common inorganic anions (iodate (IO3−), bromate (BrO3−), bromide (Br−), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), and iodide (I−)) in pure water and 35 ‰ artificial seawater were examined by ion chromatography (IC). As packing materials of separation columns, 1-aminoundecyl group chemically bonded silica (AUS) gels were prepared. Separation of the anions in pure water was achieved using separation columns (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) packed with the AUS gels, 0.1 M NaCl + 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) as eluent, and a UV detector (wavelength 225 nm). The anions in artificial seawater were separated and detected with a 300 mm-long column without interferences by matrix anions such as chloride (Cl−) and sulfate (SO42−). The stationary phases have high-capacity anion-exchange/hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction mixed-modes. The IC system was applied to five inorganic anions, IO3−, Br−, NO2−, NO3−, and I− in seawater of the Seto-Inland Sea, Japan. The detection limits (DLs, S/N = 3) were 11 µg L−1 (IO3−), 93 (Br−), 1.3 (NO2−), 1.4 (NO3−), and 1.1 (I−) for a 100-µL sample injection.
Graphical abstract
Nitride coatings for environmental barriers: the key microscopic mechanisms and momentous applications of first-principles calculations
Authors: He Qinsheng , Liu Dongyang , Zhou Youqi , Sun Tian-Yu , Huang Liang-Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProtective nitride coatings are widely used in various industrial fields due to their exceptional mechanical, structural, and chemical stabilities under various harsh environments. Many nitride coatings have the inherent barrier function against the attack of environmental agents, making them splendid materials for, e.g., hydrogen permeation barriers, high-temperature-environment barriers, and tribocorrosion coatings. However, the long-term contact with aggressive environments may still result in the degradation of these coatings, where many processes occuring on various atomistic microstructures (e.g., surfaces, vacancies, grain boundaries, and coating/substrate interfaces) usually play the key roles. Here, we make a timely review on the microscopic mechanisms associated with the interactions between various microstructural entities and environmental agents, for which the first-principles calculations will be powerful in quantitatively revealing the essential interatomic bondings and thermodynamic/kinetic trends therein. Many successful application cases and possible future directions of first-principles calculations for these three kinds of nitride coatings are discussed here, which can shed much light on more optimization ways towards superior and durable nitride coatings through precise chemical tuning and structural design in the future.
Rural Radicalism in the Capital City: The Impact of Histories of Inequitable Safety on Patterns of Violence
Authors: Pendle Naomi , Maror Deng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAround the world, armed conflict is increasingly occurring in capital cities and governments are relying on pro-government, rurally recruited, militia to suppress anti-government political violence. Pendle and Maror draw lessons from South Sudan where recruits from rural areas were brought to Juba to help defend the government. Drawing on ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews with combatants, this article uses “rural radicalism” to argue that patterns of violence by these rurally recruited forces were shaped by histories of rural violence over previous decades and can be read to include a political objective that challenges the inequities in safety and security between rural areas and the capital city.
IMO2020 Regulations Accelerate Global Warming by up to 3 Years in UKESM1
Authors: Jordan G. , Henry M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced new regulations on the sulfur content of shipping emissions in 2020 (IMO2020). Estimates of the climatic impact of this global reduction in anthropogenic sulfate aerosols vary widely. Here, we contribute to narrowing this uncertainty with two sets of climate model simulations using UKESM1. Using fixed sea‐surface temperature atmosphere‐only simulations, we estimate an IMO2020 global effective radiative forcing of 0.139 ± 0.019 Wm−2 and show that most of this forcing is due to aerosol‐induced changes to cloud properties. Using coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations, we note significant changes in cloud top droplet number concentration and size across regions with high shipping traffic density, and—in the North Atlantic and North Pacific—these microphysical changes translate to a decrease in cloud albedo. We show that IMO2020 increases global annual surface temperature on average by 0.046 ± 0.010°C across 2020–2029; approximately 2–3 years of global warming. Furthermore, our model simulations show that IMO2020 helps to explain the exceptional warming in 2023, but other factors are needed to fully account for it. The year 2023 also had an exceptionally large decrease in reflected shortwave radiation at the top‐of‐atmosphere. Our results show that IMO2020 made that more likely, yet the observations are within the variability of simulations without the reduction in shipping emissions. To better understand the climatic impacts of IMO2020, a model intercomparison project would be valuable whilst the community waits for a more complete observational record.
Regulation of Hippo/YAP axis in colon cancer progression by the deubiquitinase JOSD1
Authors: Sun Yanan , Liu Dongyi , Zhang Xiaobo , Su Peng , Li Xin , Li Zhongbo , Gai Yingwen , Li Jingying , Yang Zhiyong , Ding Yinlu , Zhu Jian , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractColon cancer is a prevalent malignancy, while recent studies revealed the dys-regulation of Hippo signaling as the important driver for colon cancer progression. Several studies have indicated that post-translational modifications on YAP play crucial roles in both Hippo signaling activity and cancer progression. This raises a puzzling question about why YAP/TAZ, an auto-inhibitory pathway, is frequently over-activated in colon cancer, despite the suppressive cascade of Hippo signaling remaining operational. The protein stability of YAP is subject to a tiny balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes. Through correlation analysis of DUBs (deubiquitinases) expression and Hippo target gene signature in colon cancer samples, we found JOSD1 as a critical deubiquitinase for Hippo signaling and colon cancer progression. JOSD1 could facilitate colon cancer progression and in colon cancer, inhibition of JOSD1 via shRNA has been demonstrated to impede tumorigenesis. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies have elucidated that JOSD1 enhances the formation of the Hippo/YAP transcriptome by impeding K48-linked polyubiquitination on YAP. ChIP assays have shown that YAP binds to JOSD1’s promoter region, promoting its gene transcription. These results suggest that JOSD1 is involved in both activating and being targeted by the Hippo signaling pathway in colon cancer. Consequently, a positive regulatory loop between JOSD1 and Hippo signaling has been identified, underscoring their interdependence during colon cancer progression. Thus, targeting JOSD1 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for managing colon cancer.
TFEB activation hallmarks antigenic experience of B lymphocytes and directs germinal center fate decisions
Authors: Münchhalfen Matthias , Görg Richard , Haberl Michael , Löber Jens , Willenbrink Jakob , Schwarzt Laura , Höltermann Charlotte , Ickes Christian , Hammermann Leonard , Kus Jan , Chapuy Björn , Ballabio Andrea , Reichardt Sybille D. , Flügel Alexander , Engels Niklas , Wienands Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLigation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates humoral immunity. However, BCR signaling without appropriate co-stimulation commits B cells to death rather than to differentiation into immune effector cells. How BCR activation depletes potentially autoreactive B cells while simultaneously primes for receiving rescue and differentiation signals from cognate T lymphocytes remains unknown. Here, we use a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to identify cytosolic/nuclear shuttling elements and uncover transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a central BCR-controlled rheostat that drives activation-induced apoptosis, and concurrently promotes the reception of co-stimulatory rescue signals by supporting B cell migration and antigen presentation. CD40 co-stimulation prevents TFEB-driven cell death, while enhancing and prolonging TFEB’s nuclear residency, which hallmarks antigenic experience also of memory B cells. In mice, TFEB shapes the transcriptional landscape of germinal center B cells. Within the germinal center, TFEB facilitates the dark zone entry of light-zone-residing centrocytes through regulation of chemokine receptors and, by balancing the expression of Bcl-2/BH3-only family members, integrates antigen-induced apoptosis with T cell-provided CD40 survival signals. Thus, TFEB reprograms antigen-primed germinal center B cells for cell fate decisions.
Probing coherent quantum thermodynamics using a trapped ion
Authors: Onishchenko O. , Guarnieri G. , Rosillo-Rodes P. , Pijn D. , Hilder J. , Poschinger U. G. , Perarnau-Llobet M. , Eisert J. , Schmidt-Kaler F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum thermodynamics is aimed at grasping thermodynamic laws as they apply to thermal machines operating in the deep quantum regime, where coherence and entanglement are expected to matter. Despite substantial progress, however, it has remained difficult to develop thermal machines in which such quantum effects are observed to be of pivotal importance. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility to experimentally measure and benchmark a genuine quantum correction, induced by quantum friction, to the classical work fluctuation-dissipation relation. This is achieved by combining laser-induced coherent Hamiltonian rotations and energy measurements on a trapped ion. Our results demonstrate that recent developments in stochastic quantum thermodynamics can be used to benchmark and unambiguously distinguish genuine quantum coherent signatures generated along driving protocols, even in presence of experimental SPAM errors and, most importantly, beyond the regimes for which theoretical predictions are available (e.g., in slow driving).
Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forests
Authors: Abera Temesgen Alemayehu , Heiskanen Janne , Maeda Eduardo Eiji , Muhammed Mohammed Ahmed , Bhandari Netra , Vakkari Ville , Hailu Binyam Tesfaw , Pellikka Petri K. E. , Hemp Andreas , van Zyl Pieter G. , Zeuss Dirk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTropical montane forest ecosystems are pivotal for sustaining biodiversity and essential terrestrial ecosystem services, including the provision of high-quality fresh water. Nonetheless, the impact of montane deforestation and climate change on the capacity of forests to deliver ecosystem services is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we offer observational evidence demonstrating the response of air temperature and cloud base height to deforestation in African montane forests over the last two decades. Our findings reveal that approximately 18% (7.4 ± 0.5 million hectares) of Africa’s montane forests were lost between 2003 and 2022. This deforestation has led to a notable increase in maximum air temperature (1.37 ± 0.58 °C) and cloud base height (236 ± 87 metres), surpassing shifts attributed solely to climate change. Our results call for urgent attention to montane deforestation, as it poses serious threats to biodiversity, water supply, and ecosystem services in the tropics.
The gold content of mafic to felsic potassic magmas
Authors: Chang Jia , Audétat Andreas , Pettke Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Many epithermal gold and gold-rich porphyry-type ore deposits are associated with potassic magmas. Hence, potassic magmas are commonly assumed to have been unusually Au-rich or to have contained high Au/Cu ratios. However, these hypotheses remain poorly tested. Here, we report Au concentrations and Au/Cu ratios in silicate melt inclusions analyzed in potassic rocks worldwide. The results suggest that mafic potassic magmas generally contain only 2‒7 ng/g Au, despite common sulfide exhaustion during partial mantle melting. Both the absolute Au concentrations and Au/Cu ratios are comparable to those of mafic calc-alkaline magmas, and they vary little during subsequent magma differentiation because magmatic sulfide precipitation is strongly dominated by monosulfide solid solution that is relatively poor in Au and Cu. We thus suggest that the close association of Au-rich deposits with potassic magmas is not due to Au enrichment in the magma, but rather due to selective Au precipitation at the hydrothermal stage.
COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women in national cohorts of England and Wales
Authors: Gu Xinchun , Agrawal Utkarsh , Midgley William , Bedston Stuart , Anand Sneha N. , Goudie Rosalind , Byford Rachel , Joy Mark , Jamie Gavin , Hoang Uy , Ordóñez-Mena Jose M. , Robertson Chris , Hobbs F. D. Richard , Akbari Ashley , Sheikh Aziz , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVaccines against COVID-19 and influenza can reduce the adverse outcomes caused by infections during pregnancy, but vaccine uptake among pregnant women has been suboptimal. We examined the COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake and disparities in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform vaccination interventions. We used data from the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database in England and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank in Wales. The uptake of at least one dose of vaccine was 40.2% for COVID-19 and 41.8% for influenza among eligible pregnant women. We observed disparities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake, with socioeconomically deprived and ethnic minority groups showing lower vaccination rates. The suboptimal uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, especially in those from socioeconomically deprived backgrounds and Black, mixed or other ethnic groups, underscores the necessity for interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy and enhance acceptance in pregnant women.
AI chatbots show promise but limitations on UK medical exam questions: a comparative performance study
Authors: Sadeq Mohammed Ahmed , Ghorab Reem Mohamed Farouk , Ashry Mohamed Hady , Abozaid Ahmed Mohamed , Banihani Haneen A. , Salem Moustafa , Aisheh Mohammed Tawfiq Abu , Abuzahra Saad , Mourid Marina Ramzy , Assker Mohamad Monif , Ayyad Mohammed , Moawad Mostafa Hossam El Din 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have potential applications in medical education such as helping students study for their licensing exams by discussing unclear questions with them. However, they require evaluation on these complex tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well publicly accessible LLMs performed on simulated UK medical board exam questions. 423 board-style questions from 9 UK exams (MRCS, MRCP, etc.) were answered by seven LLMs (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bard, Perplexity, Claude, Bing, Claude Instant). There were 406 multiple-choice, 13 true/false, and 4 "choose N" questions covering topics in surgery, pediatrics, and other disciplines. The accuracy of the output was graded. Statistics were used to analyze differences among LLMs. Leaked questions were excluded from the primary analysis. ChatGPT 4.0 scored (78.2%), Bing (67.2%), Claude (64.4%), and Claude Instant (62.9%). Perplexity scored the lowest (56.1%). Scores differed significantly between LLMs overall (p < 0.001) and in pairwise comparisons. All LLMs scored higher on multiple-choice vs true/false or “choose N” questions. LLMs demonstrated limitations in answering certain questions, indicating refinements needed before primary reliance in medical education. However, their expanding capabilities suggest a potential to improve training if thoughtfully implemented. Further research should explore specialty specific LLMs and optimal integration into medical curricula.
Classifying coherent versus nonsense speech perception from EEG using linguistic speech features
Authors: Puffay Corentin , Vanthornhout Jonas , Gillis Marlies , Clercq Pieter De , Accou Bernd , hamme Hugo Van , Francart Tom 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen a person listens to natural speech, the relation between features of the speech signal and the corresponding evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) is indicative of neural processing of the speech signal. Using linguistic representations of speech, we investigate the differences in neural processing between speech in a native and foreign language that is not understood. We conducted experiments using three stimuli: a comprehensible language, an incomprehensible language, and randomly shuffled words from a comprehensible language, while recording the EEG signal of native Dutch-speaking participants. We modeled the neural tracking of linguistic features of the speech signals using a deep-learning model in a match-mismatch task that relates EEG signals to speech, while accounting for lexical segmentation features reflecting acoustic processing. The deep learning model effectively classifies coherent versus nonsense languages. We also observed significant differences in tracking patterns between comprehensible and incomprehensible speech stimuli within the same language. It demonstrates the potential of deep learning frameworks in measuring speech understanding objectively.