bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Land Magnus , Granéli Wilhelm , Grimvall Anders , Hoffmann Carl Christian , Mitsch William J , Tonderski Karin S , Verhoeven Jos TA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundEutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world. In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive), international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reduce the input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to let water pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrient removal rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to the situation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant to the Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors.MethodsSearches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. One author will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screening is consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappa tests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the effect modifiers will be used as explanatory variables. More specifically, the meta-regression will be performed using generalized additive models that can handle nonlinear relationships and major interaction effects. Furthermore, subgroup analyses will be undertaken to elucidate statistical relationships that are specific to particular types of wetlands.
Properties of the newly isolated extracellular thermo-alkali-stable laccase from thermophilic actinomycetes, Thermobifida fusca and its application in dye intermediates oxidation
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yu , Huang Yu-Chun , Wei Chien-Mei , Meng Menghsiao , Liu Wen-Hsiung , Yang Chao-Hsun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLaccases are diphenol oxidases that have numerous applications to biotechnological processes. In this study, the laccase was produced from the thermophilic actinomycetes,Thermobifida fuscaBCRC 19214. After 36 h of fermentation in a 5-liter fermentor, the culture broth accumulated 4.96 U/ml laccase activity. The laccase was purified 4.64-fold as measured by specific activity from crude culture filtrate by ultrafiltration concentration, Q-Sepharose FF and Sephacryl™ S-200 column chromatography. The overall yield of the purified enzyme was 7.49%. The molecular mass of purified enzyme as estimated by SDS-PAGE and by gel filtration on Sephacryl™ S-200 was found to be 73.3 kDa and 24.7 kDa, respectively, indicating that the laccase fromT. fuscaBCRC 19214 is a trimer. The internal amino acid sequences of the purified laccase, as determined by LC-MS/MS, had high homology with a superoxide dismutase fromT. fuscaYX. Approximately 95% of the original activity remained after treatment at 50°C for 3 h. and approximately 75% of the original activity remained after treatment at pH 10.0 for 24 h. This laccase could oxidize dye intermediates, especially 2,6-dimethylphenylalanine andp-aminophenol, to produce coloring. This is the first report on laccase properties from thermophilic actinomycetes. These properties suggest that this newly isolated laccase has potential for specific industrial applications.
Comparison of infarct volume and behavioral deficit in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Garcia Jorge , Dang Jon , Habib Pardes , Beyer Cordian , Kipp Markus 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia are important tools in experimental stroke research. Such models have proven instrumental for the understanding of injury mechanisms in cerebral stroke and helped to identify potential new therapeutic options. A plethora of neuroprotective substances have been shown to be effective in preclinical stroke research but failed to prove effectiveness in subsequent clinical trials. Interestingly, preclinical studies have shown that neuroprotective agents are selectively effective in different rat strains. The underlying mechanisms for this discrepancy are so far unknown, but differences in initial stroke volume with concomitant neuroinflammatory processes in the expanding stroke area might be relevant.
In the current project, we compared the stroke volume and behavioral outcome between Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 h, followed by 23 h reperfusion. We further analyzed the expression of well-known pro-inflammatory mediators in the cortical peri-infarct area region using a TTC-based isolation approach.
Initial reduction of local cerebral blood flow was comparable between both strains. Mean infarct volume and the extent of tMCAO-provoked functional deficits did not differ between WKY and SHR rats. Furthermore, the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, among CCL3 and CCL5, in the isolated ischemic peri-infarct area region was equal in both rat strains.
We were able to demonstrate that stroke outcome is comparable 23 h after transient MCAO in WKY and SHR rats. Future studies have to show whether this observation confirms in the long-term, and which factors contribute to differences observed with respect to therapeutic responsiveness.
Density Functional Study on Spin-crossover Phenomena of Assembled Complexes, [Fe(NCX)2(bpa)2]n (X = S, Se, and BH3; bpa: 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane)
Authors: Kaneko Masashi , Tokinobu Satoshi , Nakashima Satoru 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) behaviors of Fe(II)-assembled complexes [Fe(NCX)2(bpa)2]n (X = S, Se, and BH3; bpa: 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) were explained by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TPSSh/TZVPP method gave accurate energies to all electrons and reasonable spin-transition temperatures. Further, we revealed that the occurrence of SCO is determined by carefully controlling the local structure around the iron atom.
Product Differentiation and Consumer Surplus in the Microfinance Industry
Authors: Glaser Darrell J. , Rahman Ahmed S. , Smith Katherine A. , Chan Daniel W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
During the last 15 years, high repayment rates of up to 96% have drawn many new lending institutions to the microfinance industry. While a decade ago, the industry was dominated primarily by monopolies ostensibly focused on social welfare, the current market is filled with various types of financial institutions offering a variety of lending arrangements. The goal of this article is to capture the degree to which consumers have benefitted from these structural changes within the microfinance industry. Using a Bertrand differentiated product framework, we model the price setting and demand functions of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). With a 7 year panel data set covering over 70 countries, we empirically estimate parameters of the Nash price equilibrium and simulate the shape and structure of the underlying demand equation. We use simulated demand parameters to derive and compare measures of consumers’ surplus across regions and countries. Our research indicates that growth in the MFI industry has brought about declines in market concentration, and furthermore that each 0.01 unit change in the Hirschman–Herfindahl index correlates with a 2% increase in consumers’ surplus.
Intertwining operators of irreducible representations for
exponential solvable Lie groups
Authors: Baklouti Ali , Fujiwara Hidenori , Ludwig Jean 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Let G be a real solvable exponential Lie group with Lie algebra
𝔤 and let

f
∈

𝔤
*

${ f\in \mathfrak {g}^* }$

. We take two polarizations

𝔭
j

${ \mathfrak {p}_j}$

,
j = 1,2, at f which meet the Pukanszky condition. Let

P
j

:
=
exp

(

𝔭
j

)

${
P_j:=\exp ( \mathfrak {p}_j)}$

, j = 1,2, be the associated subgroups in G. The
linear functional f defines unitary characters

χ
f

(
exp
X
)

:
=

e

i
〈
f
,
X
〉

${ \chi _f(\exp X):=e^{i \langle { f},{X}\rangle }}$

,

X
∈

𝔭
j

${X\in \mathfrak {p}_j }$

, of Pj
. Let

π
j

:
=

ind

P
j

G

χ
f

${\pi _j :=\hbox{ind}_{ P_j }^{G} \chi _f}$

, j = 1,2, be the corresponding induced
representations, which are unitary and irreducible. It is well
known that

τ
1

${ \tau _1 }$

and

τ
2

${ \tau _2 }$

are unitarily equivalent. The
description of the intertwining operator of such an equivalence is
given via an abstract integral

I

𝔭
2

,

𝔭
1

${ I_{\mathfrak {p}_2,\mathfrak {p}_1} }$

. In this paper, we show that this
formal integral gives us a concrete intertwining operator provided that it converges absolutely
on a G- and

𝒰
(
𝔤
)

${\mathcal {U}(\mathfrak {g})}$

-invariant dense subspace of the space

ℋ

τ
1

∞

${\mathcal {H}_{\tau _1}^\infty }$

of
C
∞ vectors of π1 (which is the case when the simple product

P
1

P
2

${P_1P_2}$

is closed). Finally, given three
Pukanszky polarizations

P
i

=
exp

(

𝔭
i

)

${ P_i=\exp ( \mathfrak {p}_i)}$

, i = 1,2,3, at f of that kind, we accurately
determine the composition formula of

I

𝔭
3

,

𝔭
2

∘

I

𝔭
2

,

𝔭
1

∘

I

𝔭
1

,

𝔭
3

${ I_{\mathfrak {p}_3,\mathfrak {p}_2}\circ I_{\mathfrak {p}_2,\mathfrak {p}_1}\circ I_{\mathfrak {p}_1,\mathfrak {p}_3}}$

using Maslov's index.
Phylogenetic analysis of major molds inhabiting woods. Part 4. Genus Alternaria
Authors: Lee Young Min , Lee Hanbyul , Jang Yeongseon , Cho Yirang , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Twenty-four Alternaria strains have been isolated from wood samples in Korea and submitted to phylogenetic analyses. The gene trees generated from the ITS and histone gene region sequences revealed that, among the genus Alternaria, two species, Alternaria alternata sensu lato (s.l.) and Alternaria tenuissima, are involved in wood discoloration. In addition, the histone gene was useful as a marker for differentiating between A. alternata s.l. and A. tenuissima.
Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to multipurpose lens-cleaning solutions
Authors: Aguiar Ana , Oliveira Silveira Caroline , Todero Winck Mari , Rott Marilise 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe present study investigated the susceptibility of Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites to two multipurpose systems for cleaning and maintenance of contact lenses. Three strains of trophozoites from the ATCC (A. castellani T4, A. castellani Neff, and A. polyphaga) and two Acanthamoeba isolates obtained from swimming pools (PT5 and PO1) were placed in monoxenic culture. To test their survival in cleaning solutions for contact lenses, the trophozoites were exposed for 4 and 24 h to two multipurpose solutions (A and B), and were then inoculated into a new monoxenic culture. Amoebic growth on the plates was observed after 72 h of incubation. Trophozoites from all three ATCC strains and one isolate from a swimming pool (PO1) grew in all plates after 4 h of exposure to solutions A and B. After 24 h, the ATCC strains and the PO1 isolate showed growth in most of the plates treated. Only the PT5 isolate showed susceptibility to both solutions over the time intervals tested. The two solutions were not completely effective against most strains and isolates over the time intervals tested. These results are important, since species of Acanthamoeba are widely distributed in the environment and are potential agents of eye pathologies.
Redescription of Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965 (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on eleven fish species from Chamela Bay in the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Morales-Serna Francisco , Hernández-Inda Zaira , Gómez Samuel , León Gerardo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCaligus serratus Shiino, 1965 (Copepoda: Caligidae), a parasite on 11 fish species caught in Chamela Bay off the Pacific Coast of Mexico, is redescribed based on material found on Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876). Caligus serratus can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: i) short abdomen (approximately 0.2 times as long as cephalothorax), ii) pointed posteromedial process on the first segment of the antenna, iii) sternal furca with bluntly pointed, diverging tines, and iv) leg 4 exopod bearing 3 unequal, distal spines (the shortest 0.2 times the length of the longest). Microphotographs of female and illustrations of both female and male are provided. The redescription of this species might be useful given its low host specificity.
Disease-based Modeling to Predict Fluid Response in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Celi L. A. , Cismondi F. , Vieira S. M. , Reti S. R. , Sousa J. M. C. , Finkelstein S. N. , Fialho A. S. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObjective: To compare general and disease-based modeling for fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use in intensive care units.Methods: Retrospective cohort study in -volving 2944 adult medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving fluid resuscitation. Within this cohort there were two disease-based groups, 802 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia, and 143 patients with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Fluid resuscitation either progressing to subsequent vasopressor administration or not was used as the primary outcome variable to compare general and disease-based modeling.Results: Patients with pancreatitis, pneumonia and the general group all shared three common predictive features as core variables, arterial base excess, lactic acid and platelets. Patients with pneumonia also had non-invasive systolic blood pressure and white blood cells added to the core model, and pancreatitis patients additionally had temperature. Disease-based models had significantly higher values of AUC (p < 0.05) than the general group (0.82 f± 0.02 for pneumonia and 0.83 ± 0.03 for pancreatitis vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 for general patients).Conclusions: Disease-based predictive mod -eling reveals a different set of predictive variables compared to general modeling and improved performance. Our findings add support to the growing body of evidence advantaging disease specific predictive modeling.
Medical Student Appraisal
Authors: Sampognaro P.J. , Mitchell S.L. , Weeks S.R. , Khalifian S. , Markman T.M. , Uebel L.W. , Dattilo J.R. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Background: Pre-rounding is essential to preparing for morning rounds. Despite its importance, pre-rounding is rarely formally taught within the medical school curriculum and more often informally learned by modeling residents. The evolution of mobile applications provides opportunities to optimize this process.
Objectives: To evaluate three options available to medical students while pre-rounding and promote adoption of mobile resources in clinical care.
Methods: Six medical students formed the evaluation cohort. Students were surveyed to assess pre-rounding practices. Participants utilized paper-based pre-rounding templates for two weeks followed by two weeks of the electronic note-taking service EvernoteTM. A review of mobile applications on the iTunesTM and Google PlayTM stores was performed, with each application informally reviewed by a single student. The application ScutsheetTM was selected for formal review by all students. Data was collected from narrative responses supplied by students throughout the evaluation periods and aggregated to assess strengths and limitations of each application.
Results: Pre-study responses demonstrated two consistent processes: verbal sign-out of overnight events and template use to organize patient information. The paper-based template was praised for its organization and familiarity amongst residents, but perceived as limited by the requirement of re-copying data into the hospital’s electronic medical record (EMR). EvernoteTM excelled due to compatibility across multiple operating systems, including accessibility from clinical workstations and ability to copy notes into the hospital’s EMR. ScutsheetTM allowed for retention of data across multiple hospital days, but was limited by inability to export data or modify the electronic template. Aggregated user feedback identified the abilities to customize templates and copy information into the EMR as two prevailing characteristics that enhanced the efficiency of pre-rounding.
Discussion: Mobile devices offer the potential to enhance pre-rounding efficiency for medical students and residents. A customizable EvernoteTM-based system is described in sufficient detail for reproduction by interested students.
Long-Term Maintenance of Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells Using Rho Kinase Inhibitor and Keratinocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Miyashita Hideyuki , Yokoo Seiichi , Yoshida Satoru , Kawakita Tetsuya , Yamagami Satoru , Tsubota Kazuo , Shimmura Shigeto 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Corneal epithelial stem cells are located in the limbus, the junction between the cornea and the conjunctiva. A limbal epithelium model in vitro would be useful for the study of epithelial stem cells, as well as improving the quality of cultivated epithelial sheets for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this study, we succeeded in constructing a limbal epithelium-like structure that could be maintained for at least 5 months in vitro. We modified conventional medium by replacing epidermal growth factor with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and adding Y-27632, a rho kinase inhibitor. Using this medium, epithelial cells freshly isolated from human limbus were cocultured with human mesenchymal stem cell-derived feeder cells. Cells formed a stratified layer without air exposure, and both basal and suprabasal layers maintained their unique morphologies for up to 5 months. Basal layers expressed the progenitor marker p63 uniformly and K15 heterogeneously. Expressions of PAX6, K3, and K12 indicated that cell sheets underwent normal differentiation in the corneal epithelium lineage. Although medium was changed daily after day 7, cell debris was observed every day, suggesting that cell sheets underwent turnover. Furthermore, secondary colonies were observed from cells dissociated from 1-month and 3-month cultured sheets. In conclusion, human limbal epithelial cell sheet cultures with KGF and Y-27632 maintained stratification, high expression of both stem/progenitor markers and differentiation markers, and colony-forming cells long-term. This protocol may be useful as an in vitro limbal epithelial model for basic studies.
Administration of Murine Stromal Vascular Fraction Ameliorates Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Semon Julie A. , Zhang Xiujuan , Pandey Amitabh C. , Alandete Sandra M. , Maness Catherine , Zhang Shijia , Scruggs Brittni A. , Strong Amy L. , Sharkey Steven A. , Beuttler Marc M. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Bunnell Bruce A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Administration of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) represents a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases since they have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. The uncultured, nonexpanded counterpart of ASCs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. Although administration of ex vivo culture-expanded ASCs has been used to study immunomodulatory mechanisms in multiple models of autoimmune diseases, less is known about SVF-based therapy. The ability of murine SVF cells to treat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) was compared with that of culture-expanded ASCs in C57Bl/6J mice. A total of 1 × 106 SVF cells or ASCs were administered intraperitoneally concomitantly with the induction of disease. The data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of ASCs significantly ameliorated the severity of disease course. They also demonstrate, for the first time, that the SVF effectively inhibited disease severity and was statistically more effective than ASCs. Both cell therapies also demonstrated a reduction in tissue damage, a decrease in inflammatory infiltrates, and a reduction in sera levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-12. Based on these data, SVF cells effectively inhibited EAE disease progression more than culture-expanded ASCs.
Où est la Nouvelle-France1 ?
Authors: Desbarats Catherine , Greer Allan 
Published: August 2013

Nous posons une question apparemment anodine, « Où est la Nouvelle-France », afin d’explorer le rapport complexe entre souveraineté et territorialité qui prévalait aux XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, et ce, des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. De nos jours, les historiens imaginent souvent une Nouvelle-France bornée, sans pour autant être d’accord sur ses frontières, qui varient au gré des imaginaires nationaux imposés au passé. Les cartes et récits contemporains, en revanche, sont moins enclins à tracer des frontières. L’expression « Nouvelle-France » désignait de façon foncièrement ambiguë des ambitions impériales illimitées. Elle constitue ainsi un cas extrême d’une tendance répandue à cette époque, avant que la souveraineté soit inscrite de façon précise dans le territoire.
Les voyages outre-mer d’un nom : de Loreto en Italie à la Jeune-Lorette au Canada
Authors: Vélez Karin , Paré Hélène 
Published: August 2013

Au XVIIe siècle, des centaines de chapelles, hors du territoire de l’Italie, reçurent le nom de Loreto en mémoire de la célèbre basilique mariale sur la côte adriatique italienne. L’attribution de noms est souvent associée à l’occupation impériale ou culturelle. Mais j’adopte ici une autre position. Je démontre plutôt que les catholiques de différents empires et de cultures différentes s’inspirèrent spontanément du nom Loreto pour établir une confrérie au-delà des mers. Leurs réseaux improvisés révèlent un monde de l’époque moderne bâti sur des frontières poreuses et sur un terrain d’entente plutôt que sur la rigidité impériale monolithique. Dans cet article, j’étudie trois groupes dissemblables de passeurs autodésignés du nom Loreto : les marchands picènes de la région des Marches, en Italie, où se trouve la basilique ; des missionnaires jésuites français et espagnols qui ont dédié des chapelles à Notre-Dame de Lorette, ou Loreto, au Canada et au Mexique, respectivement ; et des convertis hurons de la mission de Lorette, près de Québec. Le catholicisme qu’ils partageaient rendait familiers les symboles étrangers et resituait ces acteurs dans le cadre d’un empire français (catholique). Pourtant, ces échanges compliquent aussi l’idée d’un monde atlantique « français », puisqu’ils montrent des catholiques du XVIIe siècle qui vont au-delà de leurs collectivités – italienne, française ou huronne – pour bâtir une communauté mondiale de frères et de soeurs dans la religion.