bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future Using Root Cause Analysis as a Proactive Risk Management Tool
Authors: Nidd Phillip , Thorn Terence , Porter Monica K. 
Published: December 2014

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) can be an effective proactive methodology to forecast or predict probable events even before they occur. It’s use has been embraced by regulators and can be found in the most advanced management tools such as the recently published ISO 55000 series of international management standards for asset management.
An RCA identifies both the obvious and the underlying causes of an event so that specific solutions can be implemented. A complete RCA consists of a clear definition of the issue, a thorough analysis supported with evidence and a specific action plant for implementing solutions. In this respect, what may have appeared as a material failure or “human error,” can often be shown to be the result of an inadequate infrastructure management systems or the failure of management processes.
Generally thought of as a reactive method of identifying the causes of past incidents, this paper will describe the elements of an RCA and how it can be a powerful tool to identify systems or behaviors that when modified or corrected, will prevent recurrence of similar outcomes.
The Development of a Facilities Integrity Management Program Recommended Practice for Canadian Energy Pipelines
Authors: Sahney Reena , Reed Mike , Skibinsky Darren 
Published: December 2014

The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) is a voluntary, non-profit industry association representing major Canadian transmission pipeline companies. With the advent of changes in both CSA Z6621 as well as the National Energy Board Onshore Pipeline Regulations (OPR)2, the membership determined a Recommended Practice regarding a Management Systems Approach for Facilities Integrity was needed. As such, the Pipeline Integrity Working Group (PIWG) within CEPA formed a task group to support the initiative. The outlined approach was intended to have two main philosophical underpinnings: it must comprehensively support safe pipeline system operations and it must provide a practical mechanism for implementing a management systems approach for Facilities Iintegrity.
The main challenge in developing a framework for a Facilities Integrity Management System lies in the broad range of equipment and system types that the management system must encompass. That is, equipment, in the context of Facilities Integrity Management, must encompass not only station equipment (such as rotating equipment, valves, meters etc.,) but also categories such as high pressure station piping and fuel lines. Further, there was the recognition that Operators already have an array of tools, processes and techniques in place to manage their various equipment and systems. In light of these observations, the Recommended Practice describes a framework that uses major equipment types as a key differentiator. This is an approach that can be easily aligned with existing corporate computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) such as SAP™ or Maximo™. Once the equipment categorization has been established, the Recommended Practice then provides guidance regarding the specific requirements that should be addressed for each equipment category based on the framework in CSA Z662-11 Annex N. Specific suggestions are provided in the areas of: alignment with corporate goals and objectives, scope, definitions, performance metrics, risk assessments, competency of personnel, change management as well as documentation. The approach also maximizes the opportunity to leverage existing systems and processes to the extent possible.
Overall the Recommended Practice should provide operators with a practical way to achieve a greater degree of rigor and alignment of facilities integrity management while ensuring detailed study and analysis is focused in the most appropriate areas.
Full-Scale Testing for Strain-Based Design Pipelines: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
Authors: Fairchild Doug P. , Shafrova Svetlana , Tang Huang , Crapps Justin M. , Cheng Wentao 
Published: December 2014

There are generally two reasons for conducting full-scale tests (FSTs) for the measurement of pipe or weld strain capacity, (1) to generate data useful in verifying the accuracy of a strain capacity prediction model, or (2) to test materials being considered for use. The former case involves exploring variables important to the scope of the model, while the latter involves project specific materials and girth weld procedures often combined with upper bound cases of weld misalignment. Because the challenge of strain-based design is relatively new, FSTs should be used for both reasons cited above.
This paper provides observations, lessons learned, and recommendations regarding full-scale pipe strain capacity tests. This information has been developed through the conduct, witness, or review of 159 FSTs.
One of the most important aspects of full-scale testing is the preparation of welded pipe test specimens. It is imperative that the specimens be fabricated with materials of known properties and that all possible measures be taken to limit variations from the intended specimen design. It has been observed that unexpected results are often due to irregularities in pipe material strength, weld strength, weld toughness, or the presence of unintended weld defects in a specimen designed to contain just man-made defects. Post-test fractography and metallurgical examination are very useful in explaining the performance of a FST; therefore, failure analysis is discussed.
Effect of a fever control protocol-based strategy on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severely brain-injured patients
Authors: Launey Yoann , Nesseler Nicolas , Le Cousin Audren , Feuillet Fanny , Garlantezec Ronan , Mallédant Yannick , Seguin Philippe 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Fever is associated with a poor outcome in severely brain-injured patients, and its control is one of the therapies used in this condition. But, fever suppression may promote infection, and severely brain-injured patients are frequently exposed to infectious diseases, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Therefore, we designed a study to explore the role of a fever control protocol in VAP development during neuro-intensive care.

Methods
An observational study was performed on severely brain-injured patients hospitalized in a university ICU. The primary goal was to assess whether fever control was a risk factor for VAP in a prospective cohort in which a fever control protocol was applied and in a historical control group. Moreover, the density of VAP incidence was compared between the two groups. The statistical analysis was based on a competing risk model multivariate analysis.

Results
The study included 189 brain-injured patients (intervention group, n = 98, and historical control group, n = 91). The use of a fever control protocol was an independent risk factor for VAP (hazard ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval (1.38, 5.38; P = 0.005)). There was a significant increase in the incidence of VAP in patients treated with a fever control protocol (26.1 versus 12.5 VAP cases per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation). In cases in which a fever control protocol was applied for >3 days, we observed a higher rate of VAP in comparison with the rate among patients treated for ≤3 days.

Conclusions
Fever control in brain-injured patients was a major risk factor for VAP occurrence, particularly when applied for >3 days.
Anti-diabetic activity of different oils through their effect on arylsulfatases
Authors: Samarji Rima , Balbaa Mahmoud 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the overproduction of the reactive oxygen species which affects the integrity of the lysosomal membrane affecting lysosomal enzymes. The effect of these species is blocked by some natural products as antioxidants. In the current study, groups of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated by Nigella sativa (NS), olive and canola oils and subjected to the study of arylsulfatases as a model of lysosomal enzymes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes on arylsulfatases in presence and absence of NS, olive and canola oils.

Methods
Different groups of rats were induced by STZ, treated with different oils and compared to their corresponding control group. All groups were subjected for the assays of blood glucose, insulin, catalase and arylsulfatases. A comparative kinetic study of arylsulfatses was performed to detect the alteration of catalytic characterization.

Results
The results demonstrated that diabetes causes a significant elevation in the level of hepatic arylsulfatase B and a significant reduction of hepatic catalase as an antioxidant enzyme. NS and olive oils returned catalase and arylsulfatase B activities back near to normal by fixing their catalytic properties. Furthermore, the maximum velocity of arylsulfatases A and B was significantly elevated in the induced diabetes, whereas their Km values were significantly changed. The treatment of diabetic rats by NS and olive oils reduced the degree of significance.

Conclusion
Diabetes induces significant alterations of the catalytic characters of arylsulfatases and some oils decrease this alteration through an antioxidant-mediated effect.
Wood as Polar Size Exclusion Chromatography Media: Implications to Adhesive Performance*
Authors: Hunt Christopher , O'Dell Jane , Jakes Joseph , Grigsby Warren J. , Frihart Charles R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Although it is well known that wood can absorb liquids, the full impact of this phenomenon on resulting adhesive cure and performance is not well understood. In a related soy adhesive study, aspects of this phenomenon were not fully anticipated and resulted in a significant impact on adhesive bond quality. In essence, the wood being bonded acted like chromatography media, filtering relatively smaller molecules from the surrounding adhesive matrix and altering the local composition of the adhesive material. Through the use of soy adhesives containing glycerin, the infiltration of glycerin analogs into wood cell walls has been determined and related with the impact on bondline and wood properties. The impacts of infiltration and chromatographic separation on the cured adhesive are also discussed.
Association of maternal whole blood fatty acid status during the prenatal period with term birth dimensions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Tagawa Masahiro , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Naito Hisao , Hayashi Yumi , Yetti Husna , Sasaki Seiko , Araki Atsuko , Miyashita Chihiro , Ikeno Tamiko , Kishi Reiko , Nakajima Tamie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo investigate selected fatty acid (FA) profiles in maternal whole blood during normal pregnancy and to evaluate their associations with term birth dimensions.We characterized nine major maternal blood FAs representing four FA families during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and explored their associations with birth weight, length, and chest or head circumferences by multivariate regression models, using data from 318 mother-newborn pairs of the Hokkaido Study.The absolute and/or relative contents of maternal blood docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid were lowest at 35–41 gestational weeks during pregnancy, as was the essential FA status index. Different from palmitic and stearic acids, palmitoleic and oleic acid contents were higher at 35–41 gestational weeks than those at 23–31 gestational weeks. Three FA components were identified through principal component analysis, and were used in association analysis. Component 3, which was positively and significantly loaded by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was associated with chest circumference [β=0.281, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006, 0.556] at 35–41 gestational weeks (P=0.046). No significant associations were observed for Component 1 and 2 loaded by FAs except EPA.Maternal blood EPA content may have an important influence on infant chest circumference.
Preventing the Decline and Fall of America: Messages from the Bible
Authors: Friedman Hershey H. , Lynch James 
Published: December 2014

Quite a few politicians use pseudo-biblical values to justify their political agenda. The authors feel that many of their values are indeed biblical; they represent core values of ancient empires that have disappeared. If the United States wants to continue as a superpower, it should heed the words of the Bible. This means that concern for the welfare of the stranger, compassion for the helpless members of society, consideration for workers who have lost their homes, jobs, and savings have to be paramount. It may have taken “brimstone and fire” to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah; but America can be destroyed by greed, selfishness, inequality and injustice. Note how much damage was done to the United States and the world economy by the Great Recession of 2008.
Characterization of staphylococci and their role in pathology of children
Authors: Harуfulina M. A. , Voronkova O. S. , Shevchenko T. M. , Vіnnіkov A. І. 
Published: December 2014

The problem of human staphylococcal infection in the world has been considered. It is known that there are 27 species of staphylococci, 14 of them colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans, and 3 of them may cause diseases. They are Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. Staphylococci are causative agents of the large part of community-acquired and nosocomial bacteremia, pneumonia, infections of skin and soft tissues, bones and joints. Of all cases of nosocomial infections, S. aureus accounts for 31%. During the identification of 65 strains of bacteria isolated from people with respiratory tract lesions, it was found that 58.5% of cases were connected with presence of staphylococci. 86.8% of isolates identified belong to species S. aureus and 13.2% to S. saprophyticus. Study of pathogenicity factors manifestation revealed that all strains identified as S. aureus had plasmocoagulase; lipase and lecitinase were simultaneously detected in 78.3% of them, among S. saprophyticus strains in 20%. Presence of haemolysins was determined for 82.1% of strains of staphylococci. Ability to film formation was detected in 21 (63.6%) strains of S. aureus and 2 (40%) of S. saprophyticus strains. Given high frequency of carriers of staphylococci among healthy individuals, they should be considered as potentially pathogenic microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens. Due to their pathogenicity factors (adhesins, capsule, cell wall components, enzymes and toxins), staphylococci may cause diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, and in young children they may result in serious Ritter illness (“babies scalded syndrome”), foodstuff infection and staphylococcal enterocolitis, in lactating women – mastitis, toxic shock syndrome. To solve the problem of staphylococcal infection prevention, it is necessary to use the following prophylaxis methods: to avoid decrease in immunity, to observe the rules of hygiene, sterility, disposability, disinfection, strict control of sanitary and epidemiological profile of healthcare institutions, to ensure monitoring of pregnant women, infants and early diagnostics and treatment of the inflammatory diseases at their initial stages. Furthermore, there is a need in monitoring of these bacteria spreading.
Change in Mandibular Position in Patients with Syndromic Craniosynostosis after Midfacial Advancement with Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Ali Naeem , Brustowicz Katherine , Hosomura Naoshi , Bruun Richard A. , Padwa Bonnie L. 
Published: December 2014

Objective Characterize mandibular morphology in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and document changes in mandibular position following midfacial advancement using distraction osteogenesis (DO). Design Retrospective chart review and analysis of cephalometric radiographs. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who had midfacial advancement with DO at Boston Children's Hospital between 2000 and 2012. Mandibular morphology was characterized in 26 patients (15 boys and 11 girls) with a mean age of 11 years, 9 months. Pre- and postoperative analyses were performed for 17 (10 boys and 7 girls) of the 26 patients with a mean age of 11 years, 9 months. Main Outcome Measures Mandibular morphology and mandibular position. Data were compared to standard data from the Michigan Growth Study. Results Comparison of preoperative mandibular measurements to standard data showed that patients with syndromic craniosynostosis have a shorter mandibular body and length and an obtuse gonial angle. Comparison of pre- and postoperative cephalograms showed that, following midfacial advancement with DO, the maxilla moved forward and the mandible moved backward and downward. Conclusions Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis have a smaller mandible length and obtuse gonial angle. Correction of midfacial hypoplasia with DO results in inferior and posterior mandibular movement. Clinicians can use this information to counsel patients regarding anticipated changes in facial profile and the need for adjunct procedures.
Romanian young people’s drinking habits
Authors: Bucur Pálma , Fülöp Ibolya , Croitoru Md 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Objective: Alcohol use can cause social problems. Beside alcoholism the “binge drinking” and the “pre-drinking” could be a harmful form of alcohol use based on scientific literature data. In this study the alcohol use behaviors and associated problems were evaluated among young people aged between 14-30 years.
Methods: The study was carried out using a self reporting questionnaire, containing the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) developed by World Health Organization and 10 more questions. This questionnaire was created in two languages (Romanian, Hungarian) and uploaded to the on-line survey page (www.kwiksurveys.com). The link was shared at different Facebook groups.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 933 young people. There was a predominance of females (66.99%) and the participant’s average age was 22.12 years (±2.78). The results show that males’ relative risk (RR) for alcoholism is 7.18 (CI95%, 3.47-14.85). Majority (539; 57.77%) of the participants had at least one time binge drinking, from this 36.66% were occasionally binge drinkers and 21.11% were regular binge drinkers. More males binge drinkers were found then females (RR: 1.72; CI95%, 1.55-1.90). The people who participate in pre-drinking have RR of 2.14 (CI95%, 1.89-2.41) for binge drinking. The binge drinkers have RR of 2.58 (CI95%, 1.78-3.37) for drunk driving.
Conclusions: Binge drinking is a really common habit among young people. Measures to reduce the risk or prevent the harmful consequences of this habit should be employed.
Spatial memory deficits in juvenile rats with pilocarpine induced temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Orbán-Kis K , Mihály I , Lukács I , Kiss Rita-Judit , Izsák Júlia , Száva Iringó , Metz Júlia , Szilágyi T 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
One of the most frequent forms of epilepsy in humans is temporal lobe epilepsy. Characteristic to this form of the disease is the frequent pharmacoresistance and the association with behavioural disorders and cognitive impairment. The objective of our study was to establish the degree of cognitive impairment in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy after an initial epileptogenic exposure but before of the onset of the effect of long-duration epilepsy.
Methods. For the experiment we used 11 rats. Status epilepticus was induced by systemic administration of a single dose of pilocarpine. The animals were continuously video-monitored to observe the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures; during weeks 9-10 we performed eight-arm radial maze testing in order to assess the cognitive impairment.
Results. Animals developed spontaneous recurrent seizures after a 14-21 day latency with a daily average seizure density of 0.79±0.43 during weeks 9-10. Epileptic rats had significantly more working memory errors per session, more reference memory errors and the number of visited arms was also significantly higher. Accuracy was also lower in the pilocarpine treated group. Interestingly significant differences disappeared after six days of trials.
Conclusions. Our study shows behavioural deficits occurring after 9-10 weeks of epilepsy in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy applied to juvenile rats. In contrast to previous studies, we showed that juvenile rats with short duration of epilepsy are able to learn the behavioural task, therefore a morphopathological and/or behavioural “no-return point” regarding the development of severe cognitive impairment is not reached by status epilepticus alone.
Meyer’s Loop Anatomy Demonstrated Using Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging and Fiber Tractography at 3T
Authors: Goga Cristina , Firat Zeynep , Brinzaniuc Klara , Florian Is 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Objective: The ultimate anatomy of the Meyer’s loop continues to elude us. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) may be able to demonstrate, in vivo, the anatomy of the complex network of white matter fibers surrounding the Meyer’s loop and the optic radiations. This study aims at exploring the anatomy of the Meyer’s loop by using DTI and fiber tractography.
Methods: Ten healthy subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DTI at 3 T. Using a region-of-interest (ROI) based diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking software (Release 2.6, Achieva, Philips), sequential ROI were placed to reconstruct visual fibers and neighboring projection fibers involved in the formation of Meyer’s loop. The 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed fibers were visualized by superimposition on 3-planar MRI brain images to enhance their precise anatomical localization and relationship with other anatomical structures.
Results: Several projection fiber including the optic radiation, occipitopontine/parietopontine fibers and posterior thalamic peduncle participated in the formation of Meyer’s loop. Two patterns of angulation of the Meyer’s loop were found. Conclusions: DTI with DTT provides a complimentary, in vivo, method to study the details of the anatomy of the Meyer’s loop.
Pool boiling of nanofluids on rough and porous coated tubes: experimental and correlation
Authors: Cieśliński Janusz T. , Kaczmarczyk Tomasz Z. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with pool boiling of water-Al2O3 and water- Cu nanofluids on rough and porous coated horizontal tubes. Commercially available stainless steel tubes having 10 mm outside diameter and 0.6 mm wall thickness were used to fabricate the test heater. The tube surface was roughed with emery paper 360 or polished with abrasive compound. Aluminium porous coatings of 0.15 mm thick with porosity of about 40% were produced by plasma spraying. The experiments were conducted under different absolute operating pressures, i.e., 200, 100, and 10 kPa. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01, 0.1, and 1% by weight. Ultrasonic vibration was used in order to stabilize the dispersion of the nanoparticles. It was observed that independent of operating pressure and roughness of the stainless steel tubes addition of even small amount of nanoparticles augments heat transfer in comparison to boiling of distilled water. Contrary to rough tubes boiling heat transfer coefficient of tested nanofluids on porous coated tubes was lower compared to that for distilled water while boiling on porous coated tubes. A correlation equation for prediction of the average heat transfer coefficient during boiling of nanofluids on smooth, rough and porous coated tubes is proposed. The correlation includes all tested variables in dimensionless form and is valid for low heat flux, i.e., below 100 kW/m2.