bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, Simulation, Hardware Implementation of a Novel Variable Pitch Control for H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Liu Liqun , Liu Chunxia , Zheng Xuyang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
It is well known that the fixed pitch vertical axis wind turbine (FP-VAWT) has some disadvantages such as the low start-up torque and inefficient output efficiency. In this paper, the variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine (VP-VAWT) is analyzed to improve the output characteristics of FP-VAWT by discussing the force of the six blade H type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) under the stationary and rotating conditions using built the H-type VAWT model. First, the force of single blade at variable pitch and fixed pitch is analyzed, respectively. Then, the resultant force of six blades at different pitch is gained. Finally, a variable pitch control method based on a six blade H type VP-VAWT is proposed, moreover, the technical analysis and simulation results validate that the variable pitch method can improve the start-up torque of VAWT, and increase the utilization efficiency of wind energy, and reduce the blade oscillation, as comparable with that of FP-VAWT.
Fabrication and Characterization of N-Type Zinc Oxide/P-Type Boron Doped Diamond Heterojunction
Authors: Marton Marián , Mikolášek Miroslav , Bruncko Jaroslav , Novotný Ivan , Ižák Tibor , Vojs Marian , Kozak Halyna , Varga Marián , Artemenko Anna , Kromka Alexander 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Diamond and ZnO are very promising wide-bandgap materials for electronic, photovoltaic and sensor applications because of their excellent electrical, optical, physical and electrochemical properties and biocompatibility. In this contribution we show that the combination of these two materials opens up the potential for fabrication of bipolar heterojunctions. Semiconducting boron doped diamond (BDD) thin films were grown on Si and UV grade silica glass substrates by HFCVD method with various boron concentration in the gas mixture. Doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, ZnO:Ge) thin layers were deposited by diode sputtering and pulsed lased deposition as the second semiconducting layer on the diamond films. The amount of dopants within the films was varied to obtain optimal semiconducting properties to form a bipolar p-n junction. Finally, different ZnO/BDD heterostructures were prepared and analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, SEM, Hall constant and I-V measurements were used to investigate the quality, structural and electrical properties of deposited heterostructures, respectively. I-V measurements of ZnO/BDD diodes show a rectifying ratio of 55 at ±4 V. We found that only very low dopant concentrations for both semiconducting materials enabled us to fabricate a functional p-n junction. Obtained results are promising for fabrication of optically transparent ZnO/BDD bipolar heterojunction.
Electrically Elicited Muscle Torque: Comparison Between 2500-Hz Burst-Modulated Alternating Current and Monophasic Pulsed Current
Authors: Scott Wayne , Adams Cheryl , Cyr Shantelle , Hanscom Brianna , Hill Kevin , Lawson Jeffrey , Ziegenbein Colin 
Published: November 2015

Study Design Single-blind, block-randomization crossover design. Objective To compare the knee extensor muscle torque production elicited with 2500-Hz burst-modulated alternating current (BMAC) and with a monophasic pulsed current (MPC) at the maximum tolerated stimulation intensity. Background Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used for strengthening the quadriceps following knee surgery. Strength gains are dependent on muscle torque production, which is primarily limited by discomfort. Burst-modulated alternating current stimulation is a clinically popular waveform for NMES. Prior research has established that MPC with a relatively long pulse duration is effective for high muscle torque production. Methods Participants in this study were 20 adults with no history of knee injury. A crossover design was used to randomize the order in which each participant's dominant or nondominant lower extremity received NMES and the waveform (MPC or BMAC) this limb received. Stimulation intensity was incrementally increased until participants reached their maximum tolerance. The torque produced was converted to a percentage of each participant's maximum volitional isometric contraction of the respective limb. Results A general linear model for a 2-treatment, 2-period crossover design was utilized to analyze the results. The mean ± SD electrically induced percent maximum volitional isometric contraction at maximal participant tolerance was 49.5% ± 19.6% for MPC and 29.8% ± 12.4% for BMAC. This difference was statistically significant (P = .002) after ccounting for treatment order and limb, which had no effect on torque production. Conclusion Neuromuscular stimulation using MPC may be more efficacious than using BMAC to achieve a high torque output in patients with quadriceps weakness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1035–1041. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5861
Validity and Reliability of the Dutch Version of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12NL) in Patients With Disorders of the Hip
Authors: Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , ten Have Bas , Adema Marco , Giezen Hilde , Reininga Inge H.F. 
Published: November 2015

Study Design Clinical measurement. Objectives To translate and culturally adapt the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) into Dutch and to determine its validity and reliability. Background The iHOT-12 for measuring health-related quality of life and physical functioning in younger, active patients with hip pathology is available in English and Swedish. The tool is scored on a 0-to-100-point scale, with higher scores reflecting better function. A Dutch version of the questionnaire, with demonstrated high validity and reliability, is needed for both clinical and research purposes. Methods The iHOT-12 was translated and culturally adapted from English into Dutch (iHOT-12NL). Subsequently, the iHOT-12NL, RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and Tegner activity scale were completed by 117 patients with hip pathologies. Structural validity was analyzed using exploratory principal-component factor analysis. To determine construct validity, 12 hypotheses were predefined regarding relationships between the iHOT-12NL and subscales of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Tegner activity scale. To determine test-retest reliability, 61 patients completed the iHOT-12NL on a second occasion within a 2-week period. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach alpha, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to assess reliability. Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to assess bias between test and retest. Results Factor analysis revealed that the iHOT-12NL has 1 component. Construct validity was good, as 83% of the hypotheses were confirmed. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach alpha of .96. The ICC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.96), demonstrating good test-retest reliability. The SEM was 7.3 points. Individual- and group-level MDC values were 20.2 and 2.6 points, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed an absence of bias. Conclusion The iHOT-12NL is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring physical functioning and health-related quality of life in younger, physically active patients with hip pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1026–1034. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6178
The Effect of Knee Braces on Quadriceps Strength and Inhibition in Subjects With Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Callaghan Michael J. , Parkes Matthew J. , Felson David T. 
Published: November 2015

Study Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Background The use of external supports has been questioned because they may lead to weakness in the surrounding muscles. To our knowledge, there is no investigation into the effect of knee supports or braces on quadriceps muscle strength and quadriceps inhibition in individuals with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives To investigate the effects of a flexible knee support on quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and arthrogenous muscle inhibition (AMI) in patients with PFJ OA. Methods The study included 108 participants who had at least 3 months of patellofemoral pain and a Kellgren-Lawrence score of 2 or 3 for PFJ OA. The participants were randomized to a group that wore a flexible knee support (brace) or a group that did not wear a support (no brace) in a 6-week randomized controlled trial, followed by an open-label trial, in which all participants wore the brace for a total of 12 weeks. Quadriceps MVC, measured isometrically, and quadriceps AMI, measured by twitch interpolation, were assessed at the 6-week and 12-week time points. Results After 6 weeks, MVC did not differ between the brace and no-brace groups (9.09 Nm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.89, 23.07; P = .20). Arthrogenous muscle inhibition significantly decreased in the brace group (−8.62%; 95% CI: −13.90%, −3.33%; P = .002). After 12 weeks, in all of the participants who wore a flexible knee support, MVC increased by 7.98 Nm (95% CI: 2.52, 13.45; P = .004) and AMI decreased (−8.42%; 95% CI: −11.48%, −5.36%; P<.001). Although statistically significant, these results have doubtful clinical significance. Conclusion A patellofemoral flexible knee support in participants with PFJ OA does not have an adverse effect on quadriceps MVC or AMI. Using a knee support should not be discouraged because of concerns about deleterious effects on quadriceps strength and inhibition. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(1):19–25. Epub 10 Nov 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.5093
Orthopaedic Physical Therapy: Update to the Description of Specialty Practice
Authors: Johanson Marie A. , Miller Michael B. , Coe Jean Bryan , Campo Marc 
Published: November 2015

Study Design Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study. Background In the physical therapist profession, the outcomes of specialty practice analyses are used to determine content areas for specialty board examinations and for American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)-accredited residency curricula. To maintain currency for specialty practices, the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) requires any approved specialty area to revalidate its Description of Specialty Practice (DSP) a minimum of every 10 years. Objectives The purpose of this article was to describe the most recent practice analysis process and to report revisions to the DSP for orthopaedic physical therapists. Methods A survey instrument was developed by a group of subject matter experts, following guidelines established by the ABPTS. The survey was sent electronically to a random sample of 800 orthopaedic certified specialists (OCSs). The survey contained 5 sections: (1) knowledge areas (eg, human anatomy and physiology); (2) professional roles, responsibilities, and values (eg, consultation); (3) patient/client management model (eg, examination); (4) percentage of body regions treated; and (5) demographic information. Results A total of 224 completed surveys and 43 partially completed surveys were submitted, for a response rate of 33.4%. Based on a priori decision rules regarding survey data, consensus of the group of subject matter experts, and ABPTS suggestions, the DSP for orthopaedic physical therapy was revised. Conclusion The revised DSP will be used to reconstruct the blueprint for future OCS examinations, APTA-accredited orthopaedic residency program curricula, as well as professional development activities related to recertification in orthopaedic physical therapy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(1):9–18. Epub 10 Nov 2016.doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6211
Human Caused Mortality in the Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Tej B. 
Published: November 2015

Estimating cause specific leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality is critical to their conservation. This paper examined leopard death reports during 2006-2013 in order to estimate cause-specific mortality, identify conservation issues related to leopard mortality and provide recommendations for reducing human-caused mortality in Nepal. Data revealed that the leopards in the human dominated landscape are susceptible to variation in survival caused by human induced mortality (65%), with retaliation (31%) and lethal control (20%) of declared problem leopard as a significant part. Elevated human induced mortality can cause large scale stochasticity influencing population dynamics of leopard. The conservation of leopards needs to acknowledge strategies to limit retaliatory killings and lethal control in the plans, while addressing its conflicts with human. Efforts to reduce human-caused mortality should focus on reducing poaching and deaths from human-leopards conflicts. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 155-159
Impact of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. Invasion on Diversity and Abundance of Plant Species of Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Binoj Kumar , Dangol Dharma Raj 
Published: November 2015

This research investigated the invasion of the alien plant Mikania micrantha H.B.K. and its impact on plant species richness and abundance in Chitwan National Park (CNP) forest. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect the information using the nested quadrats in the Mikania invaded and not invaded sites in July 2011. The study revealed that the invasion highly related with the vegetation structure of the habitat; higher the tree crown cover lower the invasion. On the other hand, the invasion in terms of cover percent of Mikania irrespective of the biomass (fresh weight) decreased plant species richness. Species richness showed unimodal response to the Mikania cover percent with the decrease after 35% of Mikania cover. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 30-36
Modelling the Interaction between Danoprevir and Mericitabine in the Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection
Authors: Canini Laetitia , Guedj Jeremie , Chatterjee Anushree , Lemenuel-Diot Annabelle , Smith Patrick F , Perelson Alan S 
Published: November 2015

Background Modelling HCV RNA decline kinetics under therapy has proven useful for characterizing treatment effectiveness. Methods Here we model HCV viral kinetics (VK) in 72 patients given a combination of danoprevir, a protease inhibitor, and mericitabine, a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor, for 14 days in the INFORM-1 trial. A biphasic VK model with time-varying danoprevir and mericitabine effectiveness and Bliss independence for characterizing the interaction between both drugs provided the best fit to the VK data. Results The average final antiviral effectiveness of the drug combination varied between 0.998 for 100 mg three times daily of danoprevir and 500 mg twice daily of mericitabine and 0.9998 for 600 mg twice daily of danoprevir and 1,000 mg twice daily of mericitabine. Using the individual parameters estimated from the VK data collected over 2 weeks, we were not able to reproduce the low sustained virological response rates obtained in a more recent study where patients were treated with a combination of mericitabine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir for 24 weeks. Conclusions This suggests that drug-resistant viruses emerge after 2 weeks of treatment and that longer studies are necessary to provide accurate predictions of longer treatment outcomes.
Description of Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from banana soil in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tien , Bui Quang , Trinh Phap 
Published: November 2015

The genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905 belongs to the subfamily Hoplolaimine Filipiev, 1934 of family Hoplolaimidae Filipiev, 1934 (Krall 1990). Daday established this genus on a single female of H. tylenchiformis recovered from a mud hole on Banco Island, Paraguay in 1905 (Sher 1963​, Krall 1990). Hoplolaimus species are distributed worldwide and cause damage on numerous agricultural crops (Luc et al. 1990 Robbins et al. 1998​). In 1992, Handoo and Golden reviewed 29 valid species of genus Hoplolaimus Dayday, 1905 (Handoo and Golden 1992). Siddiqi (2000) recognised three subgenera in Hoplolaimus: Hoplolaimus (Hoplolaimus) with ten species, is characterized by lateral field distinct, with four incisures, excretory pore behind hemizonid; Hoplolaimus (Basirolaimus) with 18 species, is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated, excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland quadrinucleate; and Hoplolaimus (Ethiolaimus) with four species is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated; excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland uninucleate (Siddiqi 2000). Since then, Hoplolaimus puriensis Ali, Shaheen & Pervez, 2009 has been described (​Ali et al. 2009). Up to now, there have been two species of genus Hoplolaimus reported in Vietnam, viz H. seinhorsti and H. chambus (Nguyen and Nguyen 2000).
Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. was isolated from banana soil in Bach Long Vi Island, Vietnam. The female of this species is described and illustrated below. Some diagnostic characters of this species include body slightly curved ventrally, offset lip region exhibiting three to four annules, lateral field reduced, pharyngeal glands with six nuclei, excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, epiptygma absent, intestine not overlapping rectum and male was not found.
Le droit d’avoir un enfant hors sexualité
Authors: Marchesini Silvane Maria 
Published: November 2015

L’émergence du droit à l’enfant par la procréation assistée force le Droit à changer la notion de filiation et de parenté pour tous. En sortant de la généalogie basée sur les deux sexes naturels et les références générationnelles, il en découle la question de la continuité de l’espèce humaine, de l’être de langage, et de l’adoption des enfants. Dans ces mutations reste à savoir comment le Droit, comme instance symbolique qui a de l’influence sur la subjectivité, va transmettre la négativité : l’Interdit.
La condamnation à mort de l’homosexualité. De quelques rappels historiques
Authors: Biotti-Mache Françoise 
Published: November 2015

A l’heure où la France vient de choisir d’autoriser le mariage pour tous, il existe des régions du monde où être homosexuel induit encore réprobation, condamnation et punition, voire exécution capitale. Or, l’Histoire nous apprend que la tolérance comme la condamnation sont deux attitudes qui ont alterné depuis cinq millénaires. Certaines civilisations n’ont jamais proscrit l’homosexualité, comme la Grèce ou la Rome antiques ; d’autres l’ont vouée aux gémonies et ont lapidé, brulé les homosexuels pendant des siècles, comme le Judaïsme, le Christianisme ou l’islam. On parlait de sodomie en souvenir de la ville détruite par Yahvé. Le crime de sodomie étant contre nature et ayant été condamné par Dieu lui-même, le droit canonique puis les lois des hommes ne pouvaient faire moins que de se conformer au droit divin. Ainsi pendant près de deux mille ans, on a pourchassé et condamné les sodomites, mais sans vraiment savoir ce qu’ils avaient fait ou pour de toutes autres raisons que celles qu’officiellement on leur imputait. Le crime de sodomie est souvent devenu un prétexte ou un moyen d’atteindre ceux qu’on ne pouvait inculper d’autre crime mais que l’on voulait abattre. Par ailleurs, cette histoire est celle des paradoxes entre une théorie rigoureuse et une application du droit souvent profondément laxiste. Mais pendant des siècles, les juges ne furent-ils pas les plus convaincus des pécheurs ? Ces quelques rappels historiques, dans le cadre de cette étude sur le sexe et la mort, ne sont ni une histoire de l’homosexualité, ni une histoire du droit des mœurs, mais juste quelques repères dans cette longue évolution qui va de l’interdiction divine de l’homosexualité à l’autorisation des mariages homosexuels et à l’incrimination de l’homophobie, voire à une toute nouvelle variation dans la position de l’église catholique à travers les propos du Pape François, tout en se souvenant que ce ne sont qu’acquis très récents et dans une partie du monde, car, « ailleurs », on peut encore mourir d’être homosexuel.
Estrogen Receptor α Deficiency Modulates TLR Ligand–Mediated PDC-TREM Expression in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Scott Jennifer L. , Cunningham Melissa A. , Naga Osama S. , Wirth Jena R. , Eudaly Jackie G. , Gilkeson Gary S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Female lupus-prone NZM2410 estrogen receptor α (ERα)–deficient mice are protected from renal disease and have prolonged survival compared with wild-type littermates; however, the mechanism of protection is unknown. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and type I IFN drive lupus pathogenesis. Estrogen acting via ERα enhances both pDC development and IFN production. The objectives for this study were to determine if ERα modulates pDC function and IFN activity in predisease NZM2410 mice as a possible protective mechanism of ERα deficiency in lupus-prone mice. We measured the effect of ERα deficiency on spleen pDC frequency, number, maturation, and activation state. ERα deficiency reduced type I IFN activity and the frequency of MHC class II+ pDCs in the spleen without altering overall pDC frequency, number, or maturation state. Additionally, ERα-deficient NZM2410 mice had a significantly decreased frequency of pDCs expressing PDC-TREM, a modulator of TLR-mediated IFN production. After in vitro TLR9 stimulation, ERα deficiency significantly reduced the expression of PDC-TREM on pDCs from both NZM2410 and C57BL/6 mice. Thus, we have identified a significant effect of ERα deficiency on pDCs in predisease NZM2410 mice, which may represent a mechanism by which ERα deficiency protects NZM2410 mice from lupuslike disease.
Superoptimal Preconditioners for Functions of Matrices
Authors: Bai Zheng-Jian , Jin Xiao-Qing , Yao Teng-Teng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor any given matrixA∈ℂnxn, a preconditionertU(A)called the superoptimal preconditioner was proposed in 1992 by Tyrtyshnikov. It has been shown thattU(A)is an efficient preconditioner for solving various structured systems, for instance, Toeplitz-like systems. In this paper, we construct the superoptimal preconditioners for different functions of matrices. Letfbe a function of matrices from ℂnxnto ℂnxn. For anyA∈ ℂnxn, one may construct two superoptimal preconditioners forf(A): tU(f(A))andf(tU(A)). We establish basic properties oftU(f(A))andf(tU(A))for different functions of matrices. Some numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed preconditioners are very efficient for solving the systemf(A)x=b.