bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways of care of women in secure hospitals: which women go where and why
Authors: Bartlett Annie , Somers Nadia , Fiander Matthew , Harty Mari Anne 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundCare pathways for women needing expensive, secure hospital care are poorly understood.AimsTo characterise women in low and medium security hospitals in England and Wales and to compare populations by security and service provider type.MethodCensus data from all specialist commissioning areas. Sociodemographic, clinical, medico-legal, criminological and placement needs data were requested on all women in low and medium secure hospital beds. Parametric tests were used for continuous data and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical data. Thematic analysis was used for free text data.ResultsThe independent sector is the main service provider. A third of all women (n = 1149) were placed outside their home region despite spare local National Health Service (NHS) capacity. The independent sector provides for women with relatively rare disorders, including intellectual disability. The NHS admits most serious offenders. One in 20 are detained because of self-harm alone.ConclusionsPatient-specific factors (notably the diagnosis of personality disorder) and organisational inadequacy (commissioner and service provider) contribute to placements that compromise rehabilitation. Responses should include local solutions for women whose main risk is self-harm and a national approach to women with highly specialist needs.
BF3·Et2O-catalyzed One-pot Synthesis of N,N′-(2-Alkyl-1,3-diarylprop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)diacetamides through a Tandem Aldol–Double Ritter-type Reaction
Authors: Kasthuri Mahesh , Nakka Srinuvasu , Babu H Sharath , Sudhakar Ch , Venkatanarayana M , Kumar P V Nagendra 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An atom and step economic synthesis of multifunctional N,N′-(2-alkyl-1,3-diarylprop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)diacetamides employing a novel tandem aldol–double Ritter-type multicomponent one-pot reaction between aromatic aldehydes, enolizable ketones, and a nitrile source in the presence of 20 mol % of BF3·Et2O is described. The reaction boosts operational simplicity, shortens reaction time, and has a simple work-up.
The Effect of Temperature on the Tear Behavior of Various Elastomers: Part 2—Application Considerations
Authors: Bafna Sudhir 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Part 1 (Bafna, S. S., “The Effect of Temperature on the Tear Behavior of Various Elastomers,” J. Test. Eval., Vol. 42, No. 3, 2014, pp. 1–10) of this series discussed the tear behavior per ASTM D624-00 Type B (propagation) and Type C (initiation) for commercial sealing grade butyl, ethylene propylene diamine (EPDM), fluorosilicone (FS), and two fluorocarbon elastomers. Part 2 provides additional insight based on application considerations. The behavior of polychloroprene intended for shock and vibration isolation applications is compared to that of silicone and other elastomers intended for sealing applications (such as O-rings). The trend of tear strength for propagation being higher than or equal to (within measurement error) that for initiation is confirmed. This is shown to be an artifact of the difference in the ASTM D624-00 test specimen geometries. Propagation tear strength/energy values reported in literature are from the “trouser” tear (ASTM D624 Type-T or modification thereof) test, which leads to lower values than Type B. While Type-T is closer in deformation mode to pure tear, Types B and C more closely simulate tear damage in actual hardware. The polychloroprene grade tested is processed using transfer molding and has a much lower viscosity in the uncured state. After cure, its tensile strength is lower than that of all compression molding grades and its tensile elongation is the highest. However, its tear strength is higher than that of the silicone or FS grades tested, consistent with its application requirements. At the higher temperatures, the polychloroprene tear strength is higher than that of all the compression molding grades. A higher level of filler (as manifested by a high specific gravity), along with strain induced crystallization, helps explain this retention of tear properties with temperature. The tear strain at break generally increases with temperature but, if temperature is sufficiently above the glass transition temperature, then the tear strain actually decreases with temperature and thus non-monotonic behavior is observed. The poor tear properties of silicones and FS are confirmed.
Joy in Labour: The Politicization of Craft from the Arts and Crafts Movement to Etsy
Authors: Krugh Michele 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Since the time of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late nineteenth century, craft production and consumption has been politicized. Craft’s focus on hand making has been used to contrast intentional, individual labour with the division of labour involved in industrial mass production. Through its mission to build a more fulfilling world through ethical commerce, craftsmanship, and fun, the contemporary e-commerce site Etsy participates in the discourse of politicized craft that was articulated over a hundred years ago by William Morris, with his dream of “joy in labour.” While craft’s individualism can limit its political effectiveness, craft’s utopian impulse to build a better world through more fun and through labour that is more fair is a valuable ideal and one that has survived for more than a century.
Assessing the impacts of reservoir operation to floodplain inundation by combining hydrological, reservoir management, and hydrodynamic models
Authors: Mateo Cherry May , Hanasaki Naota , Komori Daisuke , Tanaka Kenji , Kiguchi Masashi , Champathong Adisorn , Sukhapunnaphan Thada , Yamazaki Dai , Oki Taikan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA catastrophic flood event which caused massive economic losses occurred in Thailand, in 2011. Several studies have already been conducted to analyze the Thai floods, but none of them have assessed the impacts of reservoir operation on flood inundation. This study addresses this gap by combining physically based hydrological models to explicitly simulate the impacts of reservoir operation on flooding in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. H08, an integrated water resources model with a reservoir operation module, was combined with CaMa‐Flood, a river routing model with representation of flood dynamics. The combined H08‐CaMa model was applied to simulate and assess the historical and alternative reservoir operation rules in the two largest reservoirs in the basin. The combined H08‐CaMa model effectively simulated the 2011 flood: regulated flows at a major gauging station have high daily NSE‐coefficient of 92% as compared with observed discharge; spatiotemporal extent of simulated flood inundation match well with those of satellite observations. Simulation results show that through the operation of reservoirs in 2011, flood volume was reduced by 8.6 billion m3 and both depth and area of flooding were reduced by 40% on the average. Nonetheless, simple modifications in reservoir operation proved to further reduce the flood volume by 2.4 million m3 and the depth and area of flooding by 20% on the average. By modeling reservoir operation with a hydrodynamic model, a more realistic simulation of the 2011 Thai flood was made possible, and the potential of reducing flood inundation through improved reservoir management was quantified.
Terrestrial water storage response to the 2012 drought estimated from GPS vertical position anomalies
Authors: Chew Clara C. , Small Eric E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHistorically, drought monitoring systems have not incorporated observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS). Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments can be used to estimate TWS variations in near real time because the solid Earth responds elastically to changes in hydrologic loading. Here GPS vertical position data, u, are used to assess the timing and duration of TWS anomalies in the High Plains caused by the 2012 drought; u indicates an initial TWS minimum in 2012, consistent with GRACE TWS, several months after the most severe meteorological forcing. Standard drought indices show recovery from drought during spring 2013. In contrast, u indicates that the TWS anomaly intensified by approximately 15% during summer 2013, an interval when no GRACE data are available. Hydrologic observations indicate that depletion of groundwater, not soil moisture, is the source of the persistent TWS anomaly. These results show that GPS data could be used to monitor drought‐induced variations in TWS in near real time.
Dinophyceae (Dinoflagellates)
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:General AspectsClassification of DinoflagellatesPhotosynthetic PigmentsSulfated ExopolysaccharidesSterolsFatty AcidsGlycolipidsAmphidinols and other Polyhydroxylated Polyenic DerivativesToxic Proliferations: Endotoxins and ExotoxinsMain Types of Dinoflagellate ToxinsCyclic PolyethersOkadaic Acid and DerivativesToxic Macrolides: Amphidinolides, Caribenolide, GoniodominA, HoffmanniolideComplexity of the Biosynthesis of PolyketidesSaxitoxin and its DerivativesNitrogenous Toxins with Imine FunctionZooxanthellatoxins (ZTs) and other Nitrogenous ToxinsPfiesteria piscicida: A Particularly Toxic DinoflagellateSulfur‐Containing DerivativesPhosphorus Derivatives and other Unusual Compounds
Rhodophyceae (Red Algae)
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:Special Features of Red AlgaeClassification of RhodophyceaePhotosynthetic PigmentsStorage Monosaccharides and PolysaccharidesSkeleton PolysaccharidesMatrix Polysaccharides: Carrageenans and AgarsCarrageenophytes and AgarophytesGelling Agents and ThickenersOther Types of Matrix PolysaccharidesPhospholipids and Fatty AcidsOxylipins and ProstaglandinsSterols and EcdysteroidsGeneral Comments on the Secondary MetabolitesSecondary Metabolites of CryptonemialesSecondary Metabolites of GelidialesSecondary Metabolites of RhodymenialesPolyhalogenated Monoterpenes of GigartinalesDiterpenes ofSphaerococcus coronopifolius(Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae)Macrocyclic Pyrones ofPhacelocarpus labillardieri(Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae)Polycavernosides ofPolycavernosa tsudai(Gigartinales, Gracilariaceae)Brominated Meroditerpenes ofCallophycus serratus(Gigartinales, Solieriaceae)Halogenated Phloroglucinols ofRhabdonia verticillata(Gigartinales, Solieriaceae)Sulfated Aromatic Derivatives ofTichocarpus crinitus(Gigartinales, Tichocarpaceae)Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives of GigartinalesHalogenated Compounds of Ceramiales: General CommentsPolyhalogenated Monoterpenes ofPantoneura plocamioides(Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae)Sesquiterpenes ofLaurencia(Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae)Halogenated Diterpenes ofLaurenciaSqualenoids ofLaurenciaspecies andChondria armataCyclic HalogenatedC15Ethers and Polyethers ofLaurenciaandChondriaBromo‐ and Polybromophenols of CeramialesNitrogen‐Containing Bromophenols ofRhodomela confervoidesandOsmundaria colensoiOther Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives of CeramialesCyclic Polysulfides ofChondria californicaArsenic‐Containing Derivative ofChondria crassicaulisSome Atypical Derivatives ofLaurenciaSpeciesMacrocyclicα‐Pyrones ofNeurymenia fraxinifoliaHalogenated Derivatives of NemalialesAcetylenic Acids ofLiagora farinosaSulfated Triterpene Alcohols ofTricleocarpa fragilisCyclic Peptide fromGalaxaura filamentosa
Fungi
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:The Fungal Kingdom: The Concept of Marine FungiMastigomycetes and Eumycetes (True Fungi)Elements of Classification of EumycetesBackground Information on the Structure of ChitinFatty AcidsSterolsMembrane Peptides of Fungi: PeptaibolsGeneral Comments on Secondary Metabolites of Marine FungiSubstances Isolated from Fungi Collected from the Surface of the SeaSubstances Isolated from Fungi from Sediments and other Inert SubstratesSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with CyanobacteriaAlgicolous Fungi: General RemarksSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with Green Algae and Marine SpermatophytaSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with Red AlgaeSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with Brown AlgaeSubstances Isolated from Lignicolous FungiSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with SpongesSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with CnidariansSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with MollusksSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with BryozoansSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with EchinodermsSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with CrustaceansSubstances Isolated from Fungi Associated with Tunicates (Ascidians)Substances Isolated from Fungi Associated with FishSummary of Marine‐Derived Fungi
Introduction to Marine Biotechnology
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:IntroductionRecent Developments in the Culture of InvertebratesLipids and Pigments: Examples of Nutritional ApplicationsNew Substances and Biomaterials: Examples of Biomedical ApplicationsBioremediation and Biofouling: Examples of Environmental ApplicationsDialkylphthalates in Marine OrganismsAnother Type of Application: BioadhesivesSome Examples of Biotechnology in Prokaryotes
Porifera (Sponges)–1
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:Overview of the Universe of SpongesMetabolites of Calcarea (Calcareous Sponges)General Characteristics of CalcareaFatty AcidsSterolsNon‐Nitrogenous Derivatives of Species of the GenusLeucettaImidazole Alkaloids and Zinc Complexes Isolated from the GeneraLeucetta,Leucosolenia, andClathrinaαω‐Bis Long‐Chain AminoalcoholsNitrogen‐Containing Macrolides and Cyclic PeptidesOther Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds of CalcareaMetabolites of HexactinellidaClassification and Membrane Constituents of DemospongiaeClassificationSome Physical Observations on DemospongesShape and SizeConsistencyColor and OdorDiversity of Membrane Constituents: Some ExamplesPhospholipids and “Demospongic Acids”Fatty Acids with 5,9 Dienic StructureOther Mono‐ and Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidsBranched Fatty AcidsIsoprenic AcidsCyclopropanic AcidsBrominated Acids2‐OSubstituted AcidsSulfur Derivatives of Demospongic AcidsIntracellular Localization and Biological Activity of Demospongic AcidsBrief Reminder About Conventional SterolsUnconventional Sterols Produced by Changes in the Tetracyclic SystemUnconventional Sterols Produced by Polymethylation of the Side ChainSterols with Degraded Side ChainsSterols and Stanols with Cyclopropanic and Cyclopropenic Side ChainsSecosterolsPolyhydroxylated Steroids and Derivatives, PeroxysterolsSulfated SterolsChlorinated Sterols and SteronesNitrogen‐Containing SterolsGlycolipidsSecondary Metabolites of HomoscleromorphaFatty Acids, Polyketides and Oxylipins ofPlakinastrellaandPlakortisCyclic Peroxides and Peroxylactones fromPlakinastrellaandPlakortisGlycosidesPolyhydroxylated Sterols ofOscarella lobularisAlkaloids and Other Original Nitrogen Derivatives ofPlakortisandCorticiumSecondary Metabolites of AstrophoridaAcetylenic Fatty Acids ofStellettaCyclitol DerivativesGlycolipids: Caminosides and PachymosidesTriterpenes of Malabaricane and Isomalabaricane: SesterterpenesTriterpenic Glycosides and Steroidal GlycosidesSubstituted Tetramic Acids and Derived GlycosidesErylusamines, Erylusine, and ErylusidineCyclic Depsipeptides, Peptolides, and MacrolactonesNitrogen‐Containing TerpenesBengazoles and BengamidesAtypical Nitrogenous DerivativesPhosphorus‐Containing DerivativesAromatic and Heteroaromatic Sulfated DerivativesIsotactic Polymethoxydienes ofMyriastra clavosa
Cnidaria and Ctenophora–1
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:General IntroductionSimplified Classification of CnidariaHermatypic and Ahermatypic Corals: Coral BleachingGeneral Information on Metabolites of CnidariaMembrane Constituents and Secondary Metabolites of Octocorallia (Anthozoa)Prostaglandins and ProstanoidsPhospholipid Fatty Acids, Glycolipids, and Other Lipidic DerivativesGeneral Remarks on the Sterols of OctocoralliaGorgosterol and Other Cyclopropane‐Containing Sterols19‐Oxygenated‐ and 19‐nor‐SteroidsPolyoxygenated SteroidsSterones and Chlorinated SteronesSulfur‐Containing SteroidsCyclized Side‐Chain SterolsSecosterolsSterosides, Pregnane, andnor‐Pregnane DerivativesSesquiterpenic HydrocarbonsHalogen‐, Nitrogen‐, and Sulfur‐Containing SesquiterpenesSesquiterpenes with Original Carbon SkeletonsExamples of Sesquiterpenes with a Classical Carbon SkeletonGeneral Account of DiterpenesLinear and Monocyclic DiterpenesGeneral Information on Bicyclic DiterpenesChlorinated DiterpenesOther examples of Briarane DerivativesNitrogen‐Containing Diterpenes of Cladiellane/Eunicellane: Eleutherobin and Analogs, LabiatamidesOther Examples of Cladiellane/Eunicellane DiterpenesDiterpenes of Serrulatane and Other Bicyclic Carbon SkeletonsBicyclic C5/C11DiterpenesBicyclic Diterpenes Containing a CyclopropaneSome Other Examples of Bicyclic DiterpenesGeneral Account of Tricyclic DiterpenesPseudopterosins, Other Amphilectane Derivatives and AnalogsOther Examples of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic DiterpenesComments on the Origin of TerpenesNon‐Terpenic Nitrogenous Derivatives of OctocoralliaUncommon Sulfur‐Containing Compounds
Wormlike Organisms: 1
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:PlatyhelminthesMacrolides and Other Compounds from Symbiosis withAmphidiniumspStaurosporine Derivatives and Other Metabolites from PlatyhelminthesNemerteaBackground on Annelida and EchiuraLipids and Sexual Pheromones of PolychaetesPigments of Polychaetes and EchiuransBromophenols of Polychaetes and of the PhoronidPhoronopsis viridisExamples of Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Derivatives from PolychaetesPeptides and ProteinsHemerythins and Extracellular Hemoglobins
Arthropoda
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:Chitin and ChitosansCarotenoid PigmentsLipid DerivativesHormones Controlling Crustacean Molting and Other SteroidsPeptides and ProteinsSome Examples of Sulfur‐, Nitrogen‐, and Arsenic‐Containing Metabolites of CrustaceansSome Data on Marine Cheliceriforms
Vertebrates: Fish, Reptiles, and Mammals
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:FishSqualene, Fatty Acids and Other Lipid Derivatives of Chondrichthyes and AgnathaBile Steroids of Sharks and Hagfish: Scymnol, Myxinol, and DerivativesSqualamine and Other Aminosterols of SharksMigratory Pheromones and Sex Hormones of LampreysInhibition of Angiogenesis by Shark Cartilage: Neovastat®General Account of Lipid Derivatives ofOsteichthyesVenoms and Toxins: Defense Substances of FishAntifreeze Proteins of Polar FishAntimicrobial Peptides and Other ProteinsSulfated Glycosaminoglycans of the Extracellular MatrixReptilesMammalsLipid Composition and Residues of Chlorinated PesticidesAmbergris, Ambrein, and Ambrox
Ascidians (Tunicates)–2
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:Metabolites of PolyclinidaeLong‐Chain Sulfated Alkanes and Terpenes ofSidnyum turbinatumTerpenes and MeroterpenesPara‐ and Metacyclophanes: Longithorones and Related DerivativesSimple Aromatic DerivativesNitrogenous and Non‐Nitrogenous MacrolidesLong‐Chain Amines and Amino Alcohols, SphingosinesPiperidine Alkaloids: PseudodistominsIndole and β‐Carboline AlkaloidsQuinoline and Pyridoacridine AlkaloidsBis‐Steroidal Alkaloids ofRitterella tokioka: RitterazinesPurines and NucleosidesMiscellaneous Nitrogenous DerivativesMetabolites of AscidiidaeVanadium, Intracellular Acidity of Blood Cells, and Peptide LigandsMetabolites of CionidaeMetabolites of DiazonidaeMetabolites of PerophoridaeMetabolites Isolated from Species of the GenusPerophoraTetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids: EcteinascidinsMetabolites of Molgulidae and PyuridaeLipids and Non‐Nitrogenous DerivativesNitrogenous Derivatives, Antimicrobial Peptides, and ProteinsMetabolites of StyelidaeNon‐Nitrogenous DerivativesPhenylethylamine Derivatives, Various AlkaloidsAntibacterial Purines and Peptides
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Uranium Exposure in a Community Living Near a Uranium‐Processing Plant: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Lu‐Fritts Pai‐Yue , Kottyan Leah C. , James Judith A. , Xie Changchung , Buckholz Jeanette M. , Pinney Susan M. , Harley John B. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the hypothesis that cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) would be found more frequently in community members with high prior uranium exposure in the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC).MethodsA nested case–control study was performed using data from the FCC, a volunteer population of individuals who had resided near a uranium ore–processing plant in Fernald, Ohio during the years of plant operation; uranium plant workers were excluded. Members of the FCC were monitored for 18 years. SLE cases were identified using the American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised classification criteria, laboratory testing, and medical record review. Each case was matched to 4 controls by age, race, and sex. Sera from potential cases and controls were screened for autoantibodies. Cumulative exposure to uranium particulates was calculated using a dosimetry model. Logistic regression with covariates was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the probability of an association between uranium exposure and SLE.ResultsThe FCC comprised 4,187 individuals with minimal levels of uranium exposure, 1,273 with moderate exposure, and 2,756 with high exposure. The diagnosis of SLE was confirmed in 23 of 31 individuals who had been assigned International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for lupus, and was also confirmed in 2 of 43 individuals who had been prescribed hydroxychloroquine. The female to male ratio was 5.25:1. Of the 25 confirmed SLE cases, 12 were in the high exposure group. The presence of SLE was associated with higher levels of uranium exposure (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.13–13.59; P = 0.031).ConclusionHigh uranium exposure is associated with SLE, as compared to matched controls, in this sample of uranium‐exposed individuals. Potential explanations for this relationship include possible autoimmune or estrogen effects of uranium, somatic mutation, epigenetic effects, or effects of some other unidentified accompanying exposure.