bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and bipolar disorder in patients in their first depressive episode: 3-year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Li Zezhi , Zhang Chen , Fan Jinbo , Yuan Chengmei , Huang Jia , Chen Jun , Yi Zhenghui , Wang Zuowei , Hong Wu , Wang Yong , Lu Weihong , Guan Yangtai , Wu Zhiguo , Su Yousong , Cao Lan , Hu Yingyan , Hao Yong , Liu Mingyuan , Yu Shunying , Cui Donghong , Xu Lin , Song Yanyan , Fang Yiru 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundEarly identification of patients with bipolar disorder during their first depressive episode is beneficial to the outcome of the disorder and treatment, but traditionally this has been a great challenge to clinicians. Recently, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), but it is not clear whether BDNF levels can be used to predict bipolar disorder among patients in their first major depressive episode.AimsTo explore whether BDNF levels can differentiate between MDD and bipolar disorder in the first depressive episode.MethodA total of 203 patients with a first major depressive episode as well as 167 healthy controls were recruited. After 3 years of bi-annual follow-up, 164 patients with a major depressive episode completed the study, and of these, 21 were identified as having bipolar disorder and 143 patients were diagnosed as having MDD. BDNF gene expression and plasma levels at baseline were compared among the bipolar disorder, MDD and healthy control groups. Logistic regression and decision tree methods were applied to determine the best model for predicting bipolar disorder at the first depressive episode.ResultsAt baseline, patients in the bipolar disorder and MDD groups showed lower BDNF mRNA levels (P<0.001 andP= 0.02 respectively) and plasma levels (P= 0.002 andP= 0.01 respectively) compared with healthy controls. Similarly, BDNF levels in the bipolar disorder group were lower than those in the MDD group. These results showed that the best model for predicting bipolar disorder during a first depressive episode was a combination of BDNF mRNA levels with plasma BDNF levels (receiver operating characteristics (ROC) = 0.80, logistic regression; ROC = 0.84, decision tree).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that BDNF levels may serve as a potential differential diagnostic biomarker for bipolar disorder in a patient's first depressive episode.
Drag, but not buoyancy, affects swim speed in captive Steller sea lions
Authors: Suzuki Ippei , Sato Katsufumi , Fahlman Andreas , Naito Yasuhiko , Miyazaki Nobuyuki , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Swimming at an optimal speed is critical for breath-hold divers seeking to maximize the time they can spend foraging underwater. Theoretical studies have predicted that the optimal swim speed for an animal while transiting to and from depth is independent of buoyancy, but is dependent on drag and metabolic rate. However, this prediction has never been experimentally tested. Our study assessed the effects of buoyancy and drag on the swim speed of three captive Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) that made 186 dives. Our study animals were trained to dive to feed at fixed depths (10–50 m) under artificially controlled buoyancy and drag conditions. Buoyancy and drag were manipulated using a pair of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes attached to harnesses worn by the sea lions, and buoyancy conditions were designed to fall within the natural range of wild animals (∼12–26% subcutaneous fat). Drag conditions were changed with and without the PVC tubes, and swim speeds were recorded and compared during descent and ascent phases using an accelerometer attached to the harnesses. Generalized linear mixed-effect models with the animal as the random variable and five explanatory variables (body mass, buoyancy, dive depth, dive phase, and drag) showed that swim speed was best predicted by two variables, drag and dive phase (AIC = −139). Consistent with a previous theoretical prediction, the results of our study suggest that the optimal swim speed of Steller sea lions is a function of drag, and is independent of dive depth and buoyancy.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald4p, is a major component of mitochondrial fluorescent inclusion bodies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Misonou Yoshiko , Kikuchi Maiko , Sato Hiroshi , Inai Tomomi , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Tanaka Kenji , Miyakawa Isamu 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 3626 was cultured to the stationary phase in a medium that contained glucose, needle-like structures that emitted autofluorescence were observed in almost all cells by fluorescence microscopy under UV excitation. The needle-like structures completely overlapped with the profile of straight elongated mitochondria. Therefore, these structures were designated as mitochondrial fluorescent inclusion bodies (MFIBs). The MFIB-enriched mitochondrial fractions were successfully isolated and 2D-gel electrophoresis revealed that a protein of 54 kDa was only highly concentrated in the fractions. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 54-kDa protein identified it as a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald4p. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that anti-Ald4p antibody specifically stained MFIBs. Freeze-substitution electron microscopy demonstrated that cells that retained MFIBs had electron-dense filamentous structures with a diameter of 10 nm in straight elongated mitochondria. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that Ald4p was localized to the electron-dense filamentous structures in mitochondria. These results together showed that a major component of MFIBs is Ald4p. In addition, we demonstrate that MFIBs are common features that appear in mitochondria of many species of yeast.
Role of insulin impairment, adiponectin and dyslipidemia in peripheral and central neuropathy in mice
Authors: Anderson Nicholas J. , King Matthew R. , Delbruck Lina , Jolivalt Corinne G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOne of the tissues/organs affected by diabetes is the nervous system, predominantly the peripheral system (peripheral polyneuropathy and/or painful peripheral neuropathy) but also the central system with impaired learning, memory and mental flexibility. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the pre-diabetic or diabetic condition caused by a high fat diet (HFD) can damage both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Groups of C57Bl6 and Swiss Webster mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat for 8 months and compared to control and STZ-diabetic groups that were fed a standard diet containing 10% fat. Aspects of peripheral nerve function (conduction velocity, thermal sensitivity) and central nervous system function (learning ability, memory) were measured at assorted times during the study. Both strains of mice on HFD developed impaired glucose tolerance, indicative of insulin resistance, but only the C57Bl6 showed statistically significant hyperglycemia. STZ-diabetic C57Bl6 mice developed learning deficits in the Barnes maze after 8 weeks of diabetes while neither C57Bl6 or Swiss Webster mice fed a HFD showed signs of defects at that time point. By 6 months on HFD, Swiss Webster mice developed learning and memory deficits in the Barnes maze test, whereas their peripheral nervous system remained normal. In contrast, C57Bl6 mice fed the HFD developed peripheral nerve dysfunction, as indicated by nerve conduction slowing and thermal hyperalgesia, but showed normal learning and memory functions. Our data indicate that STZ-diabetes or high fat diet can damage both peripheral and central nervous systems but learning deficits develop more rapidly in insulin-deficient than in insulin-resistant conditions and only in Swiss Webster mice. In addition to insulin impairment, dyslipidemia or adiponectinemia may determine the neuropathy phenotype.
Cerebral cyst formation following stereotactic ablative irradiation for non-nasopharyngeal head and neck malignancies: imaging findings and relevant dosimetric parameters
Authors: Ohtakara K , Hoshi H 
Published: April 2014

Objective:
To describe the clinical characteristics, imaging findings and relevant dosimetric parameters of cases presenting with cerebral cyst formation (CCF) after single or oligo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for non-nasopharyngeal head and neck malignancies (HNMs).

Methods:
We identified four cases with the follow-up duration of 5.7–9.1 years from SRT. The irradiated sites included the middle ear in one case and the ethmoid sinus in three cases, two of the latter possessed brain invasion. The chronological changes in MR images and the dose–volume histogram of the adjacent brain tissue were evaluated.

Results:
CCF with or without multiple septi presented with a latency of 29–86 months (median, 45.5 months), which was preceded by either non-specific parenchymal enhancement or typical radiation necrosis. In three cases, CCF adjacent to the frontal base resultantly caused mass effect, and two of these three cases required surgical intervention at 38 and 54 months, respectively, after SRT for alleviation of symptoms. The relation of the irradiated brain volumes to the biological equivalent dose based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) and LQ-cubic models was represented as a threshold.

Conclusion:
When contemplating SRT for HNM cases, caution should be exercised to the dose–volume relation-ship of the adjacent brain tissue, especially the frontal base, as well as other critical structures, and long-term vigilant follow-up is also mandatory.

Advances in knowledge:
CCF can occur as an unusual consequence of late brain injury with variable but mostly long latency following SRT for non-nasopharyngeal HNMs adjacent to the brain, even superficial parts that were previously irradiated via conventional radiotherapy.
A Clinical Case of Unilateral Ovarian Dysgerminoma and Pyometra in a Bitch
Authors: Antonov Anton , Fasulkov Ivan , Simeonov Radostin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A clinical case of an 11-year-old bitch with unilateral ovarian dysgerminoma and pyometra is described. The owner reported purulent discharge from external genitalia, fastidious appetite and depression. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the reproductive organs showed a hypoechoic mass in the region of the left ovary (7.18 × 6.65 cm) and a strongly enlarged uterine lumen full of anechoic fluid. Vaginal cytology demonstrated about 50% superficial cornfield epithelial cells and multiple neutrophils. Complete blood counts and blood biochemistry analysis indicated a significant leukocytosis and a mild anemia. Blood progesterone (3.96 ng/ml) and estradiol (86 pg/ml) were assayed. Median laparotomy revealed an enlarged uterus, substantially altered left ovary, of the size of a grapefruit. The right ovary was of normal size and structure. Tumor metastases in other organs were not seen. Histologically, diffusely located cancer cells resembling primitive germ cells, specific for dysgerminomas, were established. One year after the surgery, according to the owner the dog is vital, with normal appetite and without general condition abnormalities.
El Currículo Escolar y su Abordaje desde la Teoría de la Sociedad Mundial: Revisión y Prospectiva
Authors: Astiz Fernanda 
Published: April 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es proveer una revisión teórica sobre la discusión curricular desde la teoría neo-institucionalista en su versión sociológica, conocida también como teoría de la sociedad mundial. El trabajo provee a su vez ideas acerca de la posible dirección que el análisis neo-institucionalista debería tomar para profundizar la investigación y el conocimiento sobre el curriculum escolar y sus reformas en un mundo globalizado.
Self-Esteem and Psychiatric Features of Turkish Adolescents with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Comparative Study with Epilepsy and Healthy Control Groups
Authors: Say Gökçe N. , Tasdemir Haydar A. , Akbas Seher , Yüce Murat , Karabekiroglu Koray 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Children and adolescents with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and epilepsy are known to have psychosocial problems. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychosocial difficulties, history of stressful life events/abuse, psychiatric diagnosis, and self-esteem of adolescents with PNES to the ones with epilepsy and healthy controls at a tertiary care center in Turkey. Method: Thirty-four adolescents with PNES diagnosed by video-EEG were compared with 23 adolescents that have epilepsy and 35 healthy volunteers. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses of participants were examined by semi-structured interviews using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL). Self-esteem of adolescents was evaluated by Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: No differences in sociodemographic features were observed between the groups. The PNES group showed significantly higher rates of parental conflicts, difficulties in relationship with siblings/peers, school under-achievement, and history of stressful events/abuse. The rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders were 64.7% in PNES and 47.8% in epilepsy group. The most common disorders in both groups were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorder. The rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly increased in the PNES group. Additionally, adolescents with PNES displayed significantly lower levels of self-esteem than the other groups. Conclusion: It could be concluded that both disorders involved a high risk for developing psychiatric disorders; additionally, adolescents with PNES have higher rates of stressors and lower levels of self-esteem. Findings from this investigation point to the importance of psychiatric interventions in pediatric PNES and also epilepsy.
Relationship between Extremity Fractures and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology in Adults
Authors: Kömürcü Erkam , Bi̇lgi̇ç Ayhan , Hergüner Sabri̇ 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Recent studies showed that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong disorder which may be seen in adults as well as children. However, information about the relationship between ADHD and general medical conditions in adulthood is limited. This case-control study aims to determine whether ADHD symptoms are associated with extremity fractures and their clinical characteristics. Methods: Forty patients (25 male and 15 female; aged 18–50 years) who were seen due to extremity fractures and 40 control subjects were enrolled. Childhood and present ADHD symptoms of the participants were assessed using Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), respectively. Trauma type, reason of the trauma, fracture localization, hospitalization requirement, treatment type, and history of previous fracture(s) of the patients were recorded. Results: Total score and all subscale scores of WURS were higher in the fracture groups compared with controls. Patients also had higher ASRS total score and ASRS hyperactivity-impulsivity subscore than the controls did. WURS irritability, inattentiveness, and behavioral problems/impulsiveness subscore and total score were positively correlated with the history of previous fracture. The patients in whom the reason for the fracture was fighting were also showed higher WURS irritability subscore. Conclusions: Our results suggest that extremity fractures are associated with ADHD symptoms in adults. These findings may provide an insight into better understanding the lifelong negative impact of ADHD on the physical health of its sufferer.
Coping Style as a Mediator between Attachment and Mental and Physical Health in Patients Suffering from Morbid Obesity
Authors: Aarts Floor , Hinnen Chris , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Acherman Yair , Brandjes Dees P. M. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: The presence of mental health problems and limitations in physical functioning is high in patients suffering from morbid obesity. The purpose of the current study was to examine the mediating role of coping style in the relationship between attachment representations and mental health and physical functioning in a morbidly obese population. Method: A total of 299 morbidly obese patients who were referred to the Slotervaart bariatric surgery unit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, completed self-report questionnaires assessing adult attachment style (Experiences in Close Relationship—Revised Questionnaire), coping style (Utrecht Coping List), and patients physical functioning and mental health (Short Form-36). Results: Attachment anxiety (β = –.490, p < .001) and attachment avoidance (β = –.387, p < .001) were both found to be related to mental health. In addition, attachment anxiety was also found to be related to physical functioning (β = –.188, p < .001). Coping style partly mediated these associations. Conclusions: Findings suggest that coping mediates the association between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on the one hand and mental health and physical functioning in patients with morbid obesity on the other hand.
Enhancing the Auditor's Report: To What Extent is There Support for the IAASB's Proposed Changes?
Authors: Simnett Roger , Huggins Anna 
Published: April 2014

SYNOPSIS
This article outlines proposed reforms to auditor reporting currently being considered by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), and other key national and transnational standard-setters and regulatory bodies. It adds to recent academic contributions on reforming the auditor's report by analyzing the 165 stakeholder responses to the IAASB's 2012 Invitation to Comment: Improving the Auditor's Report to determine levels of support for the IAASB's proposed reforms, and the differences, if any, between the views of various respondents based on stakeholder groups (e.g., audit and assurance firms, users, preparers, regulators, etc.) and regional classifications. Guided by insights from communication theory, our results show the levels of stakeholder support for the IAASB's proposed reforms addressing auditors' expectations, information, and communication gaps are mixed. The strongest overall support was for enhanced auditor reporting on other information attached to, or intended to be read with, the financial statements, and the least supported initiative was including additional information in the auditor's report about the auditor's judgments and processes. While overall there is generally consensus across both stakeholder groups and regions concerning the various questions investigated, we highlight where statistically significant differences between groups do exist. Notably, North American respondents were less likely to support a number of the IAASB's proposed reforms than their counterparts from other regions.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are referred to on the IAASB's website.
Do Big 4 Auditors Provide Higher Audit Quality after Controlling for the Endogenous Choice of Auditor?
Authors: Eshleman John Daniel , Guo Peng 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARY:
Recent research suggests that Big 4 auditors do not provide higher audit quality than other auditors, after controlling for the endogenous choice of auditor. We re-examine this issue using the incidence of accounting restatements as a measure of audit quality. Using a propensity-score matching procedure similar to that used by recent research to control for clients' endogenous choice of auditor, we find that clients of Big 4 audit firms are less likely to subsequently issue an accounting restatement than are clients of other auditors. In additional tests, we find weak evidence that clients of Big 4 auditors are less likely to issue accounting restatements than are clients of Mid-tier auditors (Grant Thornton and BDO Seidman). Taken together, the evidence suggests that Big 4 auditors do perform higher quality audits.
JEL Classifications: M41, M42
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.
Ultrasound Imaging: Intraexaminer and Interexaminer Reliability for Multifidus Muscle Thickness Assessment in Adults Aged 60 to 85 Years Versus Younger Adults
Authors: Sions J. Megan , Velasco Teonette O. , Teyhen Deydre S. , Hicks Gregory E. 
Published: April 2014

Study Design Intraexaminer and interexaminer, within- and between-day reliability study. Objectives To compare the intraexaminer and interexaminer procedural reliability of ultrasound imaging (USI) thickness measurements of the lumbar multifidus muscle at rest and during a contralateral lower-limb lift (CLL) between older (60–85 years of age) and younger (18–40 years of age) adults. Background Among younger adults, USI has been shown to be reliable and valid for assessing multifidus thickness. Older adults present with age-related changes that may impact assessment. To our knowledge, no USI studies have focused on establishing reliability for multifidus thickness assessments in older adults. Methods Two examiners performed assessments of lumbar multifidus thickness at rest and during a CLL in 30 older and 31 younger adults. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval, standard error of measurement, 95% minimal detectable change for resting and during the CLL, and percent thickness change were calculated. Results Within-day interexaminer procedural reliability for multifidus thickness measurements was similar among younger (ICC = 0.90–0.92) and older adults (ICC = 0.86–0.90), as was between-day intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability (younger adults, ICC = 0.84–0.94; older adults, ICC = 0.86–0.93). Throughout, estimates of percent thickness change were inconsistent (ICC = 0.31–0.86), and standard errors of measurement and minimal detectable changes were larger for older adults. Conclusion Ultrasound imaging reliability for measurements of multifidus thickness at rest and during a CLL among older adults is consistent with previously published findings for younger adults. Among older adults, it may be preferable to have a single examiner conduct USI assessments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):425–434. Epub 25 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4584