bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of exertional rhabdomyolysis in endurance horses in thePacificNorthwesternUnitedStates
Authors: Wilberger M. S. , McKenzie E. C. , Payton M. E. , Rigas J. D. , Valberg S. J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyExertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a reported syndrome in competing endurance horses; however, the prevalence and cause ofERin this population have not been defined.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence ofERin a sample of endurance racing horses and investigate factors, including relevant genetic defects, contributing to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis in this group.Study designProspective clinical study.MethodsRiders of 101 horses participating in one of four 50‐mile (80.5 km) distance races completed a comprehensive questionnaire regarding the medical history, management and performance of their horse. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK) was measured before and 4 h after completion of exercise. Hair samples were analysed byPCRfor theR309Hmutation in the glycogen synthase gene (GYS1) responsible fortype 1polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) and theC7360Gmutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene causing malignant hyperthermia (MH).ResultsSamples were obtained from 68Arabians, 20 half‐Arabians and 13 horses of other breeds. SerumCKwas above the resting reference interval (145–633 u/l) in 38 horses after racing (median 883 u/l, range 658–3739) but was compatible with values previously reported in apparently healthy endurance horses. PathologicalERwas suspected to occur in 4 horses with serumCKactivities exceeding 10,000 u/l 4 h after racing (median 84,825 u/l; range 10,846–381,790) including 3Arabians and one half‐Arabian horse.GYS1andRYR1mutations were not present in hair samples from any horses.ConclusionsExertional rhabdomyolysis occurred at a prevalence of 4.0% in a sample of horses participating in 50 mile distance events and all affected horses wereArabian or half‐Arabian. The cause ofERin the endurance horse population remains unknown; however,ERin competingArabian endurance horses is unlikely to be due totype 1 PSSMorMH.
The Regional Impact of Monetary Policy inIndonesia
Authors: Ridhwan Masagus M. , de Groot Henri L. F. , Rietveld Piet , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper employs vector autoregressive (VAR) models to measure the impact of monetary policy shocks on regional output inIndonesia. We find substantial cross‐regional variation in policy responses in terms of both magnitude as well as timing. Our work adds to the existing literature by providing insights from a large developing country, viz.Indonesia, where monetary policy has both a national and a regional dimension. The results support previous findings that the differential regional effects of monetary policy are significantly related to sectoral composition (especially the share of manufacturing), providing evidence for the relevance of the interest rate channel of monetary policy. We also find that firm size contributes to these differences, providing evidence for the importance of the credit channel. As a whole, both types of channels appear to operate simultaneously in the decentralized Indonesian monetary policy and to impact on the real part of the regional economy.
Effects of ambient ultraviolet‐B on ecophysiological characteristics and forage quality of Elymus nutans in the Tibetan alpine grasslands
Authors: Zhou Xianhui , Li Chuanlong , Zhang Shiting 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) exclusion experiment was established in native Tibetan alpine grasslands to investigate the possible effects of ambient UV‐B on ecophysiological characteristics and forage quality. Selective filters were used to reduce UV‐B radiation in the field. During one growing season, specific leaf area (SLA) and net photosynthetic capacity (Pn) were measured on Elymus nutans Griseb. Total flavonoid contents, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) acid detergent lignin (ADL) and crude protein (CP) were determined from a late season harvest. Compared with the reduced UV‐B treatment, the plants in ambient UV‐B were found to have higher total flavonoid contents, ADL and CP, but lower SLA and Pn. Our results indicated the current level of UV‐B in the Tibetan grasslands is a significant stress factor for E. nutans growth and has differential effects on forage components.
Rare coagulation factor deficiencies: a countrywide screening data from India
Authors: Shetty S. , Shelar T. , Mirgal D. , Nawadkar V. , Pinto P. , Shabhag S. , Mukaddam A. , Kulkarni B. , Ghosh K. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAs compared to haemophilia, although the clinical features and the management strategies for rare coagulation factor deficiencies are discussed, little is known about them. This study was undertaken to assess the distribution, clinical presentation and treatment of patients with rare coagulation factor deficiency disorders in a cross‐sectional population of India. Blood samples and other clinical details from patients suspected of rare coagulation factor deficiencies were collected by the Haemophilia Treatment Centers across India and were diagnosed at National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai. A total of 321 cases of rare clotting factor deficiencies were diagnosed, of which 88% were severe, 10% moderate and 2% mild. Commonest deficiency encountered was factor XIII (FXIII) (30%) followed by FX (15.6%), FVII (15%), fibrinogen (12.1%), FXI (9%), combined V and VIII deficiency (5.6%) and congenital multiple vitamin K‐dependent coagulation factor deficiency (MCFD, 2.1%). Major representation of these deficiencies was from Southern and Western India (82%). Mucocutaneous bleeding was the commonest clinical presentation (59%); intracranial (IC) haemorrhage was seen in 18% of the patients; menorrhagia was an important clinical pointer in women in the reproductive age group (78%); 8% of the severe cases had no history of bleeding and 73% of the FXIII deficiency cases had umbilical stump bleeding. The major therapeutic products used was fresh frozen plasma (64%), cryoprecipitate (15%), whole blood (15%), antifibrinolytics (5%) and recombinant FVIIa (1%). A distinct pattern in the distribution of rare clotting factor deficiencies was observed which was based on multiple factors that include ethnicity and the available diagnostic facilities in different regions of this vast country.
Effect of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] protein isolates on the microbial transglutaminase‐mediated porcine myofibrillar protein gels at various salt concentrations
Authors: Lee Hong C. , Kang Iksoon , Chin Koo B. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study was performed to investigate the effects of mungbean protein isolates (MPI) as a meat/water binder on the MTGase‐mediated porcine myofibrillar protein (MP) gels at 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 m salt concentrations. The general property of MP gel was evaluated by pH, cooking loss (CL) (%) and gel strength (gf). Protein–protein interactions among MPI, MTGase, and MP during cooking were also assessed using gel electrophoresis, thermal analysis and microstructure. When salt content was reduced, gel CL (%; P < 0.05) was increased while pH and gel strength (gf) values were decreased (P < 0.05). Addition of MTGase to MP increased pH, CL (%), and gel strength (gf) values, while co‐addition of MTGase and MPI induced synergistic effects on the MP gel strength (gf; ≥0.3 m salt concentration; P < 0.05). In scanning electron micrograph images, increase of salt concentrations made MP gels more swollen and interwoven or conglomerated, regardless of treatment. In conclusion, addition of MPI and MTGase strengthened gel‐forming ability and improved cooking yield of MP gel at salt concentration (≥0.3 m).
Potential of nanofiltration for the concentration of bioactive compounds from watermelon juice
Authors: Arriola Nathalia Aceval , dos Santos Gielen Delfino , Prudêncio Elane Schwinden , Vitali Luciano , Petrus José Carlos Cunha , Castanho Amboni Renata D. M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration for the concentration of bioactive compounds of watermelon juice. Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities were determined through two assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH. The content of lycopene, flavonoids and total phenolic in the concentrate samples increased with the increase in the volume reduction factor. Volume reduction factor of three showed the best performance of concentration, generating the highest values for lycopene, flavonoid and total phenolic contents. Average permeation flux was 2.3 L h−1 m−2, with continuous extraction of the concentrate at a volumetric reduction ratio of three. Lycopene showed the highest rejection coefficient (0.99), followed by flavonoids (0.96) and total phenolic content (0.65). The hydrophilic antioxidant activity values in both assays were higher than the lipophilic antioxidant activity values. A highly significant correlation was noted between the contents of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and lycopene and their antioxidant potential in both lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions.
Antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory activity of lycopene in watermelon
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Hyun , Park Min‐Kyung , Kim Sung‐Kyu , Cho Young‐Hee 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects of watermelon lycopene. The antioxidant activities of watermelon were measured using various assays including the evaluation of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, superoxide anion scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, compared with those of tomato lycopene and Trolox as a positive control. Watermelon lycopene showed significantly higher antioxidant activities than those of tomato lycopene and comparable superoxide anion scavenging activity to that of Trolox. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated HaCaT cells were investigated by Western blotting and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Watermelon lycopene dose dependently inhibited the expressions of iNOS and COX‐2 mRNA levels and their proteins, suggesting that watermelon lycopene has strong anti‐inflammatory activity. Consequently, the watermelon lycopene was proved as a good source of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent.
Tolerance evaluation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenged with sublethal amounts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil or 1,8‐cineole in meat model
Authors: Gomes‐Neto Nelson J. , Luz Isabelle S. , Franco Octavio L. , Magnani Marciane , Souza Evandro L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe induction of direct bacterial tolerance and cross‐tolerance (NaCl, acid pH, high temperature) in Salmonella Typhimurium ATTC 14028 following the exposure to sublethal amounts of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROEO), and its major component 1,8‐cineole (CIN) was evaluated in this study. Direct protection was not induced when cells were exposed to 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC of ROEO or CIN in meat broth and in previously irradiated meat ground‐beef. Cells exposed to ROEO or CIN at sublethal amounts did not present cross‐protection to high temperature, lactic acid and NaCl. Likewise, cells progressively subcultured in meat broth containing increasing amounts of ROEO or CIN were able to survive only up to 1/4 MIC for both tested substances. From these results, S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 was not capable to develop direct or cross‐tolerance when exposed to ROEO or CIN in a meat‐based growth media and was not able to develop direct tolerance in a meat‐based model.
The Effect of Time to Treatment on Outcome in Very Elderly Thrombolysed Stroke Patients
Authors: Frank Benedikt , Fulton Rachael L. , Lees Kennedy R. ,   for the VISTA Collaborators
Published: March 2014

Background Intravenous thrombolysis is beneficial in, even very elderly, acute ischemic stroke patients. However, while the relation between treatment benefit and treatment delay (onset time to treatment) in patients younger than 80 years is well known, it is uncertain in the very elderly. Aims This analysis aims at examining this relationship in the elderly, and to provide a comparison with the derived relationship in younger patients as a check of validity. Methods We assessed the interaction between age, onset time to treatment, and thrombolysis exposure by analyzing the modified Rankin scale score distribution or mortality rate at 90 days, among patients registered in a trials archive. We established whether the effect of alteplase changes with onset time to treatment, by treating onset time to treatment as a continuum in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Data were available for 3063 patients, of whom 2341 were thrombolysed. Five hundred ninety-seven patients were aged >80, of whom 352 were thrombolysed. Among patients aged >80, no significant interaction of outcome with onset time to treatment was observed ( P = 0·4650), but the estimated slope of the decay in benefit with onset time to treatment was comparable with that established for younger patients. Analyzing the entire dataset, there was an interaction between onset time to treatment and alteplase treatment ( P = 0·0159), but neither between age and onset time to treatment ( P = 0·7098) nor between age and alteplase treatment ( P = 0·0755). Conclusions In this nonrandomized comparison, the relationship of benefit and safety with thrombolysis across onset time to treatment in very elderly stroke patients was comparable with that in their younger counterparts. Across the investigated time span of 3·5 h, we can safely treat with the same time window as we use for younger patients.
Human Choriogonadotropin and Epoetin Alfa in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (REGENESIS-LED Trial)
Authors: Cramer Steven C. , Hill Michael D. ,   for the REGENESIS-LED Investigators
Published: March 2014

Introduction Preclinical studies suggest that growth factors in the early days after stroke improve final outcome. A prior study found three doses of human choriogonadotropin alfa followed by three doses of erythropoietin to be safe after stroke in humans. A proof of concept trial (REGENESIS) was initiated but placed on regulatory hold during review of an erythropoietin neuroprotective trial. Due to financial constraints, the trial was largely moved to India, using lower erythropoietin doses, as the REGENESIS-LED trial. Methods Entry criteria included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 8–20, supratentorial ischemic stroke, and 24–48 h poststroke at start of therapy. Patients were randomized to three QOD doses of subcutaneous human choriogonadotropin alfa followed by three QD doses of intravenous erythropoietin (three escalating dose cohorts, 4000–20 000 IU/dose) vs. placebo. Primary outcomes were safety and neurological recovery. Results The study was halted early by the sponsor after 96 enrollees. There was no significant difference across treatment groups in the proportion of patients experiencing death, serious adverse events, or any adverse event. There was no significant difference in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score change from baseline to Day 90 between placebo and active treatment, whether active cohorts were analyzed together or separately, and no exploratory secondary measure of neurological recovery showed a significant difference between groups. Discussion Administration of human choriogonadotropin alfa followed by erythropoietin is safe after a new ischemic stroke. At the doses studied, placebo and active groups did not differ significantly in neurological recovery. Study limitations, such as the use of multiple assessors, differences in rehabilitation care, and being underpowered to show efficacy, are discussed.
Perspectives of paediatric and adult gastroenterologists on transfer and transition care of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wright E. K. , Williams J. , Andrews J. M. , Day A. S. , Gearry R. B. , Bampton P. , Moore D. , Lemberg D. , Ravikumaran R. , Wilson J. , Lewindon P. , Radford‐Smith G. , Rosenbaum J. , Catto‐Smith A. , Desmond P. V. , Connell W. R. , Cameron D. , Alex G. , Bell S. J. , De Cruz P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundProgrammes specific to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that facilitate transition from paediatric to adult care are currently lacking.AimWe aimed to explore the perceived needs of adolescents with IBD among paediatric and adult gastroenterologists and to identify barriers to effective transition.MethodsA web‐based survey of paediatric and adult gastroenterologists in Australia and New Zealand employed both ranked items (Likert scale; from 1 not important to 5 very important) and forced choice items regarding the importance of various factors in faciitating effective transition of adolescents from paediatric to adult care.ResultsResponse rate among 178 clinicians was 41%. Only 23% of respondents felt that adolescents with IBD were adequately prepared for transition to adult care. Psychological maturity (Mean = 4.3, standard deviation (SD) = 0.70) and readiness as assessed by adult caregiver (Mean = 4, SD = 0.72) were prioritised as the most important factors in determining timing of transfer. Self‐efficacy and readiness as assessed by adult caregiver were considered the two most important factors to determine timing of transition by both groups of gastroenterologists. Poor medical and surgical handover (Mean = 4.10, SD = 0.8) and patients' lack of responsibility for their own care (Mean= 4.10, SD = 0.82) were perceived as major barriers to successful transition by both paediatric and adult gastroenterologists.ConclusionsDeficiencies exist in current transition care of adolescents with IBD in Australia and New Zealand. Standardising transition care practices with strategies aimed at optimising communication, patient education, self‐efficacy and adherence may improve outcomes.
Induction of hepatitis B virus surface antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be up‐regulated by the inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase activity
Authors: Ito Hiroyasu , Ando Tatsuya , Ando Kazuki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Saito Kuniaki , Moriwaki Hisataka , Seishima Mitsuru 
Published: March 2014

SummaryCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are thought to be major effectors involved in viral clearance during acute infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A persistent HBV infection is characterized by a lack of or a weak CTL response to HBV, which may be reflective of tolerance to HBV. Efficient induction of HBV‐specific CTLs leads to the clearance of HBV in patients with a chronic HBV infection. Previously, we reported that α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer), a specific natural killer T (NKT) cell agonist, enhanced the induction of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐specific CTLs. In the present study, we found that inhibition of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity enhanced the induction of HBsAg‐specific CTLs after immunization with HBsAg and α‐GalCer. The administration of HBsAg and α‐GalCer increased the production of interleukin‐2 and interleukin‐12b, which are crucial for the induction of HBsAg‐specific CTLs. The production of these cytokines was more strongly enhanced in IDO knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice. In addition, α‐GalCer induced the production of IDO in CD11b+ cells, and these cells inhibited proliferation of HBsAg‐specific CTLs. Our results lead to strategies for improving the induction of HBsAg‐specific CTLs.
Pressures towards and against formalization: Regulation and informal employment in Mozambique
Authors: DIBBEN Pauline , WOOD Geoffrey , WILLIAMS Colin C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe informal economy accounts for the bulk of employment in many emerging economies. Regulation theory suggests that all economic activity is characterized by a complex combination of formal and informal regulation. Looking at the case of Mozambique, this article explores the pressures towards and against formalization, and the forms regulation can take, drawing on qualitative research based on in‐depth elite interviews and observation. The findings highlight how the State's role in promoting formalization of the informal economy is ambivalent; its approach incorporates both “progressive” elements, which focus on the modernization of regulations and institutions, and “conservative” elements, which inhibit this process of change.
Hydrologic Connectivity of Head Waters and Floodplains in a Semi‐Arid Watershed
Authors: Ochoa Carlos G. , Guldan Steven J. , Cibils Andres F. , Lopez Stephanie C. , Boykin Kenneth G. , Tidwell Vincent C. , Fernald Alexander G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHydrologic connectivity can be important when assessing the role of water availability and distribution in sustaining different natural processes and human activities in a given landscape. We present a study that served as one of five case studies for an interdisciplinary modeling course. The main objectives of the study presented are: 1) to characterize the hydrologic connectivity between the uplands and the irrigated valley and; 2) to set the foundations for understanding the connections between hydrology and complementary disciplines of ecology, rangeland management, and system dynamics modeling in a semiarid watershed in the southwestern United States. Study results show a strong hydrologic connectivity between surface and groundwater in the lower agricultural valley that follows a seasonal pattern, driven primarily by irrigation contributions to the shallow aquifer. The interdisciplinary modeling team assigned to this study was able to use data from it and outside sources to create a working model that addressed these interconnections and highlighted the study value of concurrent consideration of multiple components of linked hydrologic, economic, ecological, and social systems.
Imagined contact as a prejudice‐reduction intervention in schools: the underlying role of similarity and attitudes
Authors: Stathi Sofia , Cameron Lindsey , Hartley Bonny , Bradford Shona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present research tested a prejudice‐reduction intervention based on imagined contact.White children imagined interacting with a child from an ethnic out‐group (Asian) once a week for 3 weeks, or did not take part in this activity (control group). Compared with the control group, children who engaged in imagined contact subsequently showed more positive attitudes, greater perceived similarity, and willingness for intergroup contact. The effect of the intervention on willingness for contact was mediated by positive attitude change. Implications for imagined‐contact theory and the development of prejudice‐reduction techniques for schools are discussed.