bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Enrichment and Caregiver Training to Support the Development of Birth to 6‐Year‐Olds in Turkish Orphanages
Authors: Berument Sibel Kazak 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to develop an intervention program involving environmental enrichment and caregiver training to improve the language and cognitive development of infants and young children residing in institutional settings in Turkey. Results indicated that institutional care quality was significantly improved in the intervention institutions, but remained unchanged in the control institutions. Furthermore, while the cognitive and language developmental gap of the infant and toddlers in the control group increased, this gap declined slightly for the infants and children in the intervention group. For the preschool‐age group, it seemed that the general development t scores of the children in the intervention group increased, but those of the control group children decreased. It can be concluded that the intervention program was effective in increasing the care quality in orphanages and had a positive effect on the language and cognitive development of infants and preschoolers.
Limits of Near‐Coloring of Sparse Graphs
Authors: Dorbec Paul , Kaiser Tomáš , Montassier Mickael , Raspaud André 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLet be nonnegative integers. A graph G is ‐colorable if its vertex set can be partitioned into sets such that the graph induced by has maximum degree at most d for , while the graph induced by is an edgeless graph for . In this article, we give two real‐valued functions and such that any graph with maximum average degree at most is ‐colorable, and there exist non‐‐colorable graphs with average degree at most . Both these functions converge (from below) to when d tends to infinity. This implies that allowing a color to be d‐improper (i.e., of type ) even for a large degree d increases the maximum average degree that guarantees the existence of a valid coloring only by 1. Using a color of type (even with a very large degree d) is somehow less powerful than using two colors of type (two stable sets).
Accuracy of equilibrium magnetization mapping in sliced two‐dimensional spoiled gradient‐recalled echo pulse sequence with variable flip angle
Authors: Kuribayashi Hideto , Sekino Masaki , Minowa Takuya , Maitani Yoshie , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Tsushima Shohji , Hirai Shuichiro , Ueda Masayuki , Katayama Yasuo 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of an equilibrium magnetization (M0) map obtained using a two‐dimensional (2D) spoiled gradient‐recalled echo (SPGR) pulse sequence with variable flip angle (VFA).Materials and MethodsSingle‐slice 2D SPGR images of 4% agar gel phantoms with different gadolinium‐diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) concentrations (0–1 mM) were obtained with a VFA (2–30°). The 2D SPGR‐VFA data were acquired with different repetition times (TRs; 7.8–117.2 ms), Gaussian and sinc RF pulses, and different field strengths (4.7, 7, and 9.4 Tesla). M0 and T1 maps were calculated from the 2D SPGR‐VFA data. M0 and T1 values were compared with those calculated from free‐relaxed 2D gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) images and inversion recovery‐prepared 2D SPGR images. The M0 and T1 slice profiles were also investigated.ResultsConsistent M0 values were obtained, regardless of the different Gd concentrations, TRs, and pulse sequences. The M0 slice profiles calculated from the sliced SPGR‐VFA data quantitatively reproduced those calculated from the free‐relaxed sliced GRE. In contrast, the T1 values calculated from the 2D SPGR‐VFA data were underestimated at a high Gd concentration, short TR, and Gaussian RF pulse.ConclusionM0 values calculated from 2D SPGR‐VFA images are highly quantitative. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1245–1250. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor blood flow from arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI: A key parameter in distinguishing high‐grade gliomas from primary cerebral lymphomas, and in predicting genetic biomarkers in high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Yoo Roh‐Eul , Choi Seung Hong , Cho Hye Rim , Kim Tae Min , Lee Se‐Hoon , Park Chul‐Kee , Park Sung‐Hye , Kim Il Han , Yun Tae Jin , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Han Moon Hee , Chang Kee Hyun 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging in differentiating high‐grade gliomas from lymphomas and in noninvasively predicting genetic biomarkers in high‐grade gliomas.Materials and MethodsTwelve glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 3 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), 5 recurred GBM, and 9 lymphoma patients underwent conventional MR and pCASL imaging. On pCASL perfusion map, mean absolute tumor blood flow (mTBF) was calculated from five regions of interest (ROIs) within the enhancing portion of the tumor. Relative TBF (rTBF = mTBF/mBFgm × 100) was also calculated. mTBF and rTBF of high‐grade gliomas and lymphomas were compared using unpaired Student's t‐test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Additionally, the association of TBF and six immunohistochemically confirmed genetic biomarkers was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis in the group of high‐grade gliomas.ResultsBoth mTBF and rTBF of the high‐grade gliomas were significantly higher than those of the lymphomas: 92.1 ± 34.7 versus 53.6 ± 30.5 mL/min/100 mg (P = 0.008) and 182.3 ± 69.5 versus 92.5 ± 44.9 (P = 0.002), respectively. Only epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression status showed a significant positive correlation with mTBF(P = 0.015) and rTBF(P = 0.007).ConclusionpCASL imaging may facilitate differentiation of high‐grade gliomas from lymphomas and prediction of EGFR expression status in high‐grade gliomas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:852–860. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR imaging quantitative analysis of fetal chiari II malformations and associated open neural tube defects: Balanced SSFP versus half‐fourier RARE and interobserver reliability
Authors: Abele Travis A. , Lee Stacy L. , Twickler Diane M. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate bSSFP (balanced steady state free precession) and half‐Fourier RARE (rapid acceleration with relaxation enhancement) MRI sequences in their ability to demonstrate fetal anatomic landmarks, quantify the degree of cerebellar herniation in Chiari II malformations and level and length of the associated open neural tube defects, as well as evaluate interobserver reliability of these measurements.Materials and MethodsTwo independent observers retrospectively reviewed MRIs of 37 fetuses with Chiari II malformations and associated open neural tube defects (mean gestational age: 27 weeks 2 days). Comparison of bSSFP and RARE included: (i) Ability to confidently identify anatomic landmarks of the posterior fossa and spine; (ii) Measurements of the foramen magnum, cerebellar tonsillar herniation length, intervertebral disc space level of tonsillar herniation, open neural tube defect length, and disc space start and end level of the open neural tube defect; (iii) Observed conspicuity of anatomic landmarks.ResultsThere was no significant difference in assessment of cerebellar tonsillar herniation or open neural tube defect level between bSSFP and RARE for either observer. Intervertebral discs were more conspicuous on bSSFP while cerebellar tonsils were more conspicuous on RARE (P < 0.05). Interobserver reliability was strong for both sequences in assessing the foramen magnum (r = 0.95, 0.94), tonsillar herniation length (r = 0.93, 0.95), and open neural tube defect length (r = 0.97, 0.96).ConclusionDespite improved conspicuity of the intervertebral discs with bSSFP and cerebellar tonsils with RARE, there is no significant difference in measurement of hindbrain herniation or open neural tube defect level; interobserver reliability is excellent for both sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:786–793. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of perfusion on diffusion changes in human brain tumors
Authors: Cohen Alexander D. , LaViolette Peter S. , Prah Melissa , Connelly Jennifer , Malkin Mark G. , Rand Scott D. , Mueller Wade M. , Schmainda Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo characterize the influence of perfusion on the measurement of diffusion changes over time when ADC is computed using standard two‐point methods.Materials and MethodsFunctional diffusion maps (FDMs), which depict changes in diffusion over time, were compared with rCBV changes in patients with brain tumors. The FDMs were created by coregistering and subtracting ADC maps from two time points and categorizing voxels where ADC significantly increased (iADC), decreased (dADC), or did not change (ncADC). Traditional FDMs (tFDMs) were computed using b = 0,1000 s/mm2. Flow‐compensated FDMs (fcFDMs) were calculated using b = 500,1000 s/mm2. Perfusion's influence on FDMs was determined by evaluating changes in rCBV in areas where the ADC change significantly differed between the two FDMs.ResultsThe mean ΔrCBV in voxels that changed from iADC (dADC) on the tFDM to ncADC on the fcFDM was significantly greater (less) than zero. In addition, mean ΔrCBV in iADC (dADC) voxels on the tFDM was significantly higher (lower) than in iADC (dADC) voxels on the fcFDM.ConclusionThe ability to accurately identify changes in diffusion on traditional FDMs is confounded in areas where perfusion and diffusion changes are colocalized. Flow‐compensated FDMs, which use only non‐zero b‐values, should therefore be the standard approach. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:868–875. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracranial hyperthermia through local photothermal heating with a fiberoptic microneedle device
Authors: Hood R. Lyle , Rossmeisl John H. , Andriani Rudy T. , Wilkinson Ashley R. , Robertson John L. , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe fiberoptic microneedle device (FMD) seeks to leverage advantages of both laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT) and convection‐enhanced delivery (CED) to increase volumetric dispersal of locally infused chemotherapeutics through sub‐lethal photothermal heat generation. This study focused on determination of photothermal damage thresholds with 1,064 nm light delivered through the FMD into in vivo rat models.Materials and MethodsFMDs capable of co‐delivering laser energy and fluid agents were fabricated through a novel off‐center splicing technique involving fusion of a multimode fiberoptic to light‐guiding capillary tubing. FMDs were positioned at a depth of 2.5 mm within the cerebrum of male rats with fluoroptic temperature probes placed within 1 mm of the FMD tip. Irradiation (without fluid infusion) was conducted at laser powers of 0 (sham), 100, 200, 500, or 750 mW. Evans blue‐serum albumin conjugated complex solution (EBA) and laser energy co‐delivery were performed in a second set of preliminary experiments.ResultsMaximum, steady‐state temperatures of 38.7 ± 1.6 and 42.0 ± 0.9°C were measured for the 100 and 200 mW experimental groups, respectively. Histological investigation demonstrated needle insertion damage alone for sham and 100 mW irradiations. Photothermal damage was detected at 200 mW, although observable thermal damage was limited to a small penumbra of cerebral cortical microcavitation and necrosis that immediately surrounded the region of FMD insertion. Co‐delivery of EBA and laser energy presented increased volumetric dispersal relative to infusion‐only controls.ConclusionFluoroptic temperature sensing and histopathological assessments demonstrated that a laser power of 100 mW results in sub‐lethal brain hyperthermia, and the optimum, sub‐lethal target energy range is likely 100–200 mW. The preliminary FMD–CED experiments confirmed the feasibility of augmenting fluid dispersal using slight photothermal heat generation, demonstrating the FMD's potential as a way to increase the efficacy of CED in treating MG. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 167–174, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A retrospective review of pain control by a two‐step irradiance schedule during topical ALA‐photodynamic therapy of non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Zeitouni Nathalie C. , Paquette Anne D. , Housel Joseph P. , Shi Yi , Wilding Gregory E. , Foster Thomas H. , Henderson Barbara W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) of non‐melanoma skin cancers is often associated with treatment‐limiting pain. A previous study on basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) at Roswell Park Cancer Institute evaluated a two‐step irradiance scheme as a means of minimizing pain, preserving outcomes, and limiting treatment time. We used an initial low irradiance until 90% of the protoporphyrin IX was photobleached, followed by a high irradiance interval until the prescribed fluence was delivered. Success of this pilot investigation motivated integration of the protocol into routine practice. Here, we present a retrospective review of recent clinical experience in a broad patient population.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective review of an existing dermatology database. Fourteen caucasion patients—nine men and five women, ages 18–80, with a total of 51 superficial and 73 nodular BCCs, and three Bowen's disease lesions—were included. ALA was applied to each lesion for approximately 4 hours. Lesions received an initial irradiance of 30–50 mW/cm2 for 20 J/cm2, followed by 150 mW/cm2 for a total fluence of 200–300 J/cm2. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Clinical outcome was determined at 6–12 months.ResultsMedian VAS scores were 1.0 for both irradiances. Five of 127 lesions required pain control with 1% xylocaine. Pain was strongly influenced by lesion location but not by lesion type, number, or size. Complete responses were achieved in 84.1% of BCCs, which compares favorably with reported results for single ALA‐PDT treatments. Two of three Bowen's disease lesions showed a complete response. Complete responses for nodular BCCs were 37%, which are also within the range of reported outcomes.ConclusionsA two‐step irradiance protocol in ALA‐PDT effectively minimizes pain, maintains excellent clinical outcomes in superficial lesions, and adds minimal treatment time. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 89–94, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Cathode Interlayers Based on Neutral Alcohol‐Soluble Small Molecules with a Triphenylamine Core Featuring Polar Phosphonate Side Chains for High‐Performance Polymer Light‐Emitting and Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Chen Dongcheng , Zhou Hu , Liu Ming , Zhao Wei‐Ming , Su Shi‐Jian , Cao Yong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new family of neutral alcohol‐soluble small molecular materials comprised of electron‐rich triphenylamine (TPA) and fluorene featuring phosphonate side chains (FEP) is reported, namely 3TPA‐FEP, 2TPA‐2FEP and TPA‐3FEP, which have different TPA and FEP contents. Due to their good solubility in polar solvents like alcohol, multilayer devices can be fabricated by a wet process from orthogonal solvents. Polymer light‐emitting devices with these materials as a cathode interlayer and Al as the cathode show greatly enhanced efficiencies in contrast to control devices without such a cathode interlayer, and their efficiencies are comparable with or even higher than devices with the low work‐function metal Ba/Al as the cathode. In addition, high‐performance polymer solar cells based on the poly[N‐9''‐hepta‐decanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4',7'‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2',1',3'‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT):[6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) system are also achieved with power conversion efficiencies of 7.21%, 6.90% and 6.89%, by utilizing 3TPA‐FEP, 2TPA‐2FEP and TPA‐3FEP as the cathode interlayer, respectively. These efficiencies are also much higher than those for control devices without the cathode interlayer. Although TPA is well‐known as a hole‐transport unit, the current findings indicate that alcohol‐soluble TPA‐based small molecules are also a promising cathode interlayer for both electron injection and extraction.magnified image
Ocular Tremor in Parkinson's Disease Is Due to Head Oscillation
Authors: Kaski Diego , Saifee Tabish A. , Buckwell David , Bronstein Adolfo M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated the origin of a recently reported ocular microtremor in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsEye movements were recorded in 2 unselected patients with PD. Two recording techniques were used to control for artifacts: infrared video‐oculography and infrared scleral reflection techniques. Head movements were also recorded with 2 different accelerometers.ResultsWe recorded ocular oscillations in both patients (microtremor). Ocular tremor was accompanied by a recordable (but clinically nonvisible) head tremor of equal fundamental frequency and high coherence with both the eye oscillation and a recordable limb tremor. The eye movements were in the opposite direction to the head oscillation (ie, compensatory) and were suppressed by head restraint. There was no subjective oscillopsia, nor ocular tremor on fundoscopy.ConclusionsThe “ocular tremor” observed in patients with PD disease is a compensatory eye movement secondary to transmitted head tremor, in agreement with clinical wisdom that these patients do not report oscillopsia. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Monitoring and compensating phase imperfections in cine balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Fischer Rudolf Fritz , Barmet Christoph , Rudin Markus , Boesiger Peter , Pruessmann Klaas Paul , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo analyze and correct for eddy current‐induced phase imperfections in cardiac cine balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) imaging.MethodsEddy current‐induced phase offsets were measured for different phase‐encoding schemes using a higher order dynamic field camera. Based on these measurements, offset phases were corrected for in postprocessing and by run‐time phase compensation applying radiofrequency phase increments and additional compensatory gradient areas. The findings were validated using numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo cardiac scans.ResultsDepending on the phase‐encoding scheme, significant eddy current‐induced phase offsets were detected. Time‐varying phase offsets were observed at subsequent excitations leading to steady‐state distortions and hence to profile‐dependent amplitude modulations in k‐space. Taking into account measured k‐space trajectories algebraic image reconstruction allowed compensating imperfect spatial encoding. Correction of amplitude modulations was successfully accomplished by run‐time phase compensation.ConclusionUsing magnetic field monitoring, artifacts in cine balanced steady‐state free precession caused by uncompensated eddy current fields can be significantly reduced. Magn Reson Med 70:1567–1579, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibody cross‐reactivity and the viral aetiology of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Coppieters Ken T. , von Herrath Matthias 
Published: February 2013

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells by the patient's immune system. While the underlying genetics and immunopathology are fairly well characterized, the environmental trigger remains unidentified. Numerous studies have centred on the role of enteroviruses as aetiological factors that could initiate or accelerate T1D development. The most convincing evidence to date consists of an array of reports documenting the presence of enteroviral nucleic acids in peripheral blood at diagnosis. A prominent hypothesis is that enteroviruses may infect the pancreatic islets and thus be responsible for the islet‐specific up‐regulation of MHC class I that is commonly observed, possibly enabling T cell recognition and cytotoxicity. Past immunohistochemical studies have indeed shown that antibodies binding the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 preferentially stain the pancreatic β cells from diabetic individuals. New data now indicate that the VP1 antibody used in these studies cross‐reacts with mitochondrial proteins. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contractile signaling pathways in mouse prostate smooth muscle
Authors: Kitazawa Toshio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate smooth muscle plays an important role in the physiological ejection of prostatic fluid and also in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia. Although mouse is the best genetically engineered animal model to identify potential molecular targets for human diseases, only fragmentary information is available for basic mechanism of mouse prostate contraction.METHODSSmall smooth muscle tubular rings were excised from four mouse prostate lobes to measure their isometric contractions. High K+, noradrenaline (NA), or acetylcholine (ACh) was applied with and without various antagonists and/or inhibitors to examine the contractile signaling pathways.RESULTSMaximum amplitude of agonist‐induced contractions varied greatly with different lobes but not with different locations or orientations within each lobe. Both NA and ACh produced large contractions in ventral and dorsal rings, whereas only small contractions were elicited in lateral and anterior rings. Combination of alpha‐1 and muscarinic antagonists suppressed K+ depolarization‐induced contraction potently in ventral rings, but slightly in anterior rings. Blocking of either Ca2+‐release or Ca2+‐influx reduced agonist‐induced contraction of ventral rings, however, a considerable amount of contractility remained even with both blockers. Inhibitors of ROCK and PKC partially inhibited NA‐induced contractions, whereas a combination of Ca2+‐blockers and Ca2+‐sensitization inhibitors strongly suppressed the contraction.CONCLUSIONSThe ejection of prostatic fluid is differentially regulated in each prostate lobe. In ventral prostate smooth muscle, Ca2+‐release, Ca2+‐influx, and ROCK‐ and PKC‐mediated Ca2+‐sensitizations are all involved in NA‐induced contractions. This finding is a useful step toward the understanding of the phenotypic changes in the smooth muscle of BPH prostate. Prostate 73: 996–1006, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.