bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural nurses: a convenient co‐location strategy for the rural mental health care of young people
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L , Usher Kim 
Published: June 2015

Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to understand new ways that young rural people with mental health problems could be helped at an early point in their mental health decline.BackgroundRural nurses represent skilled mental health helping capital in their local communities, yet this important mental health helping resource, or helping capital, is both under‐recognised and under‐used in providing early mental health help in rural communities. In recent years international momentum has gathered in support of a paradigm change to reform the delivery of youth mental health services so that they align more closely to the developmental and social needs of young people with mental health problems.DesignA mixed methods case study design was used to explore the early mental health care needs of young rural people.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted and data were analysed with descriptive techniques. In‐depth interviews were conducted and the transcribed data were analysed using thematic techniques.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrate that in general rural people are willing to seek mental health care, and that rural nurses are well suited to provide initial care to young people.ConclusionsNon‐traditional venues such as community, school and justice settings are ideal places where more convenient first conversations about mental health with young people and their families, and rural nurses should be deployed to these settings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeRural nurses are able to contribute important initial engagement interventions that enhance the early mental health care for young people when it is needed.
No association between CYP17 ‐34T/C polymorphism and insulin resistance in Thai polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Techatraisak Kitirat , Chayachinda Chenchit , Wongwananuruk Thanyarat , Dangrat Chongdee , Indhavivadhana Suchada , Rattanachaiyanont Manee , Thongnoppakhun Wanna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of CYP 17 ‐34T/C polymorphism with insulin resistance (IR) in Thai polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on 210 Thai women diagnosed with PCOS. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used to analyze CYP17 polymorphism at ‐34T/C. Student's t‐test was used to compare the mean of normally distributed variables between A1/A1 and A2/X. Chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests and OR were used to analyze the association at P < 0.05.ResultsOut of 210 cases, PCR‐RFLP was successful in 199. Mean patient age was 24.4 ± 4.7 years, with body mass index 25.2 ± 6.3 kg/m2. There were 65 and 134 women in the A1/A1 genotype group and A2/X genotype group, respectively. The A2/X genotype group was statistically significantly younger and had a strong trend toward overweight/obesity compared with the A1/A1 genotype group. The prevalence of IR according to different methods varied from 15.4% to 70.8% and was not different between the two groups. On subgroup analysis, in the overweight/obese PCOS group, the A2/X genotype was not associated with any indices of IR.ConclusionNo significant association between CYP17‐34T/C polymorphism and IR was found in Thai PCOS women, although the A2/X genotype group was statistically significantly younger than the A1/A1 genotype group.
Management of secondary infertility following cesarean section: Report from the Subcommittee of the Reproductive Endocrinology Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Tsuji Shunichiro , Murakami Takashi , Kimura Fuminori , Tanimura Satoshi , Kudo Masataka , Shozu Makio , Narahara Hisashi , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the current status and management of secondary infertility following cesarean section in Japan.Material and MethodsA two‐step questionnaire survey was performed in 1092 facilities, including teaching hospitals and artificial reproductive technology clinics, registered with the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. In our questionnaires, we obtained data about symptoms, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, and pregnancy outcomes. Treatments were sorted into three groups, namely typical infertility treatment (group A), conservative treatment (group B), and operative treatment (group C).ResultsOf the 1092 facilities, 616 (56%) sent back reply forms to the first questionnaire; 56 (32%) of 176 facilities answered the second questionnaire, and 189 cases were able to be analyzed after completion of the two questionnaires. The commonest symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding during the follicular phase (91 cases; 48% of the 189 eligible cases), and the commonest clinical finding was fluid pooling in the area of cesarean scar dehiscence during the ovulatory phase (142 cases; 75%). The most commonly used diagnostic method was transvaginal ultrasound (153 cases, 81%). The pregnancy rate was 33% in group A, 50% in group B, and 60% in group C. In patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, painful symptoms and fluid pooling at the cesarean scar dehiscence, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group C (64%) than in group A (16%; P = 0.0063).ConclusionsWe recommend operative treatment for secondary infertility following cesarean section with painful symptoms and fluid pooling at the site of cesarean scar dehiscence.
“A Lot of Things Passed Me by”: Rural Stroke Survivors’ and Caregivers’ Experience of Receiving Education From Health Care Providers
Authors: Danzl Megan M. , Harrison Anne , Hunter Elizabeth G. , Kuperstein Janice , Sylvia Violet , Maddy Katherine , Campbell Sarah 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine rural Appalachian Kentucky stroke survivors’ and caregivers’ experiences of receiving education from health care providers with the long‐term goal of optimizing educational interactions and interventions for an underserved population.MethodsAn interprofessional research team, representing nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech language pathology, conducted a qualitative descriptive study involving semistructured interviews with 13 stroke survivors and 12 caregivers. Qualitative content analysis included predetermined and emerging coding. This article presents an in‐depth analysis of a subset of data from the coding scheme of a larger study that examined the overall experience of stroke for participants.FindingsFindings are presented within a developing model of patient and caregiver education constructs including providers and receivers of education and the content, timing, and delivery of information.ConclusionsUnderstanding the experience of receiving education for survivors and caregivers will help practitioners provide the right education, to the right people, at the right time, and in the right way to better support underserved groups. Improving patient and caregiver education is paramount to supporting health behavior change to optimize life poststroke and prevent future strokes. Our results suggest the need for improved access to educational providers, proactive identification of informational needs by providers, greater inclusion of caregivers in education, enhanced communication with information provision, and education from multiple providers using multiple delivery methods at multiple time points.
Response to treatment following recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a multicentre collaborative cohort
Authors: Doyle J. S. , Deterding K. , Grebely J. , Wedemeyer H. , Sacks‐Davis R. , Spelman T. , Matthews G. , Rice T. M. , Morris M. D. , McGovern B. H. , Kim A. Y. , Bruneau J. , Lloyd A. R. , Page K. , Manns M. P. , Hellard M. E. , Dore G. J. ,   the InC Study Group
Published: June 2015

SummaryPegylated interferon therapy is highly effective in recently acquired HCV. The optimal timing of treatment, regimen and influence of host factors remains unclear. We aimed to measure sustained virological response (SVR) during recent HCV infection and identify predictors of response. Data were from five prospective cohorts of high‐risk individuals in Australia, Canada, Germany and the United States. Individuals with acute or early chronic HCV who commenced pegylated interferon therapy were included. The main outcome was SVR, and predictors were assessed using logistic regression. Among 516 with documented recent HCV infection, 237 were treated (pegylated interferon n = 161; pegylated interferon/ribavirin n = 76) (30% female, median age 35 years, 56% ever injected drugs, median duration of infection 6.2 months). Sixteen per cent (n = 38) were HIV/HCV co‐infected. SVR among those with HCV mono‐infection was 64% by intention to treat; SVR was 68% among HCV/HIV co‐infection. Independent predictors of SVR in HCV mono‐infection were duration of HCV infection (the odds of SVR declined by 8% per month of infection, aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, P = 0.033), IFNL4 genotype (adjusted OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.13–4.56, P = 0.021), baseline HCV RNA <400 000 IU/mL (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03–4.12, P = 0.041) and age ≥40 years (vs <30: aOR 2.92, 95% CI 1.31–6.49, P = 0.009), with no difference by drug regimen, HCV genotype, symptomatic infection or gender. The effect of infection duration on odds of SVR was greater among genotype‐1 infection. Interferon‐based HCV treatment is highly effective in recent HCV infection. Duration of infection, IFNL4 genotype and baseline HCV RNA levels can predict virological response and may inform clinical decision‐making.
Increased risk of preterm birth in women with autoimmune hepatitis – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Stokkeland Knut , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Hultcrantz Rolf , Ekbom Anders , Höijer Jonas , Bottai Matteo , Stephansson Olof 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThe aim of our study was to investigate the risks of pregnancy and childbirth complications in women with autoimmune hepatitis compared to the population controls.MethodsIn a nationwide cohort study of all pregnancies between 2006 and 2011 we investigated the risks of adverse pregnancy outcome in 171 births in women with diagnosed autoimmune hepatitis using the data from the Swedish Medical Birth and Patient Registries. Births to women without autoimmune hepatitis served as population controls (n = 576 642). Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression models adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWomen with AIH had an increased risk of gestational diabetes (RR = 4.35, 95% CI 2.21–8.57), of preterm birth (RR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.97–4.92) and of low‐birth‐weight child (RR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.51–4.19). We found no statistically significant association between autoimmune hepatitis and pre‐eclampsia, caesarean section, low 5‐min Apgar score, small for gestational age birth, congenital malformation and neonatal mortality.ConclusionsAutoimmune hepatitis is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. High quality prenatal and antenatal care is important for women with autoimmune hepatitis and their infants.
Recruitment of nurses from India and their experiences of an Overseas Nurses Program
Authors: Stubbs Fiona 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundOverseas recruitment has been vital to the contribution of staff growth in the National Health Service (NHS). In 2011, high nursing vacancy rates within critical care required that overseas nurses were recruited. The recruited nurses were placed in an Overseas Nurses Program (ONP), a course designed to assist overseas nurses in adapting to the NHS.AimTo describe the experiences of nurses recruited from India who participated in an ONP.DesignA qualitative, research approach was chosen to gather descriptions of the lived experiences of nurses from India transitioning to London, to work in critical care settings.MethodA descriptive qualitative approach was taken using in‐depth, semi‐structured and audio‐taped interviews. They were conducted over a 69‐day period (30 November 2012 to 6 February 2013) with 16 nurses from India. The nurses were questioned about challenges, experiences and differences; they were also asked to make suggestions for other nurses undertaking an ONP in the future. Interviews were transcribed verbatim into a formal written style with NVivo10.ResultsEleven females and five males aged 25–33 years who had completed up to four years of university training participated in this study. The themes extracted were autonomy and responsibility, language, culture (food and climate), loneliness and work challenges (ONP and essay writing). Participants identified that they would have benefited if pre‐allocated mentors from non‐English speaking countries who had previously been through the transition process were available to assist them with their personal and professional integration into a new country.ConclusionAutonomy disparity, language barriers and cultural differences need to be recognised and acknowledged by multi‐disciplinary teams, by allowing sufficient time and additional support for non‐English nurses undergoing ONPs.Relevance to clinical practiceOverseas nurses would benefit from being mentored by another nurse from a similar culture, with a non‐English background. It may be feasible for overseas nurses to receive training in cultural competencies to improve disparities.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of the impact of sleep duration on adiposity and components of energy balance
Authors: Capers P. L. , Fobian A. D. , Kaiser K. A. , Borah R. , Allison D. B. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryRecent epidemiological and ecological trends in humans indicate a possible causal relationship between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to find experimental evidence that has tested this relationship between sleep duration and measures of body composition, food intake or biomarkers related to food intake. We conducted a systematic literature review using six databases throughout 7 August 2014. We sought reports of randomized controlled trials where sleep duration was manipulated and measured outcomes were body weight or other body composition metrics, food intake, and/or biomarkers related to eating. We found 18 unique studies meeting all criteria: eight studies with an outcome of body weight (4 – increased sleep, 4 – reduced sleep); four studies on food intake; four studies of sleep restriction on total energy expenditure and three of respiratory quotient; and four studies on leptin and/or ghrelin. Few controlled experimental studies have addressed the question of the effect of sleep on body weight/composition and eating. The available experimental literature suggests that sleep restriction increases food intake and total energy expenditure with inconsistent effects on integrated energy balance as operationalized by weight change. Future controlled trials that examine the impact of increased sleep on body weight/energy balance factors are warranted.
A survey of UK practice patterns in the delivery of intravitreal injections
Authors: Samia‐Aly Emma , Cassels‐Brown Andrew , Morris Daniel S. , Stancliffe Rachel , Somner John E. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo assess UK practice patterns related to the prescription of antibiotics before, during and after intravitreal injections, the location where injections are carried out and the qualifications of those administering the injections.MethodsEvery ophthalmology unit featured in the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (UK) training directory was contacted. A healthcare professional involved in giving intravitreal injections at each institution completed a questionnaire regarding local practice patterns.ResultsA response rate of 85% (115/136) was achieved. Seventy four percent of hospitals (85/115) gave take home antibiotics post intravitreal injection. Twenty three percent (26/115) of hospitals employed non‐medical healthcare professionals to administer injections and 83% (96/115) administered intravitreal injections in a dedicated clean room as opposed to an operating theatre.ConclusionPractice patterns for intravitreal injection vary considerably. Guidelines alone do not appear to be effective in reducing practices which are considered wasteful and other approaches need to be developed.
The Effect of Right Ventricular Apical and Nonapical Pacing on the Short‐ and Long‐Term Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Trials
Authors: HUSSAIN MOHAMMAD AKHTAR , FURUYA‐KANAMORI LUIS , KAYE GERALD , CLARK JUSTIN , DOI SUHAIL A.R. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe right ventricular apex (RVA) is the traditional lead site for chronic pacing but in some patients may cause impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function over time. Comparisons with right ventricular nonapical (RVNA) pacing sites have generated inconsistent results and recent meta‐analyses have demonstrated unclear benefit due to heterogeneity across studies.Methods and ResultsA systematic search for randomized controlled trials that compared LV ejection fraction (LVEF) outcomes between RVNA and RVA pacing was performed up to October 2014. Twenty‐four studies (n = 1,628 patients) met the inclusion criteria. To avoid between study heterogeneity two homogenous groups were created; group 1 where studies reported a difference (in favor of RVNA pacing) and group 2 where studies reported no difference between pacing sites. For group 1, weighted mean difference between RVNA and RVA pacing in terms of LVEF at follow‐up was 5.40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.94–6.87), related in part to group one's RVA arm demonstrating a significant reduction (mean loss –3.31%; 95% CI: –6.19 to –0.43) in LVEF between study baseline and end of follow‐up. Neither of these finding were seen in group 2. Weighted regression modeling demonstrated that inclusion of poor baseline LVEF (<40%) in combination with greater than 12 months follow‐up was three times more common in group 1 compared to group 2 (weighted relative risk 2.82; 95% CI: 1.03–7.72; P = 0.043).ConclusionsIn patients requiring chronic right ventricular pacing where there is inclusion of impaired baseline LVEF (<40%), RVA pacing is associated with deterioration in LV function relative to RVNA pacing.
Facial skin physiology recovery kinetics during 180 min post‐washing with a cleanser
Authors: Eo J. , Seo Y. K. , Baek J. H. , Choi A. R. , Shin M. K. , Koh J. S. 
Published: June 2015

Background/PurposeFacial cleansing is important to clean and exfoliate the skin while maintaining optimal physiologic function. However, there is insufficient data on the very early stage of skin change after applying soap or cleansing foam. We investigated the recovery kinetics of facial skin physiology during 180 min after exposure to the cleanser.MethodsFor the study, 22 Korean female subjects with normal and dry to oily skin type were recruited in this study. Study subjects were required to have face washing done within the 12 hours prior to visiting the research center, with only toner, lotion, or cream applied. The next day, the subjects visited the research center without face washing. We evaluated the skin hydration (Corneometer® CM 825), sebum (Sebumeter® SM 815), transepidermal water loss (Tewameter® TM 300), and pH (Skin‐pH‐Meter® PH 905) to define recovery kinetics of facial skin physiology during 180 min exposure post‐cleansing.ResultsSkin hydration, sebum, and TEWL were significantly decreased at 20 min after washing, as compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). And skin hydration returned at 40 min, and skin sebum and TEWL returned at 120 min after washing. However, skin pH did not show significant differences at all times points.ConclusionsThis study indicated that each of the skin parameters was restored at defined time points post‐cleansing. Our result could be a useful reference to set the resting time in the estimation of skin bioengineering parameters.
Sulfamethoxazole‐induced thrombocytopenia masquerading as posttransfusion purpura: a case report
Authors: Nixon Christian P. , Cheves Tracey A. , Sweeney Joseph D. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDDrug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by accelerated platelet (PLT) clearance in the presence of drug‐dependent antibodies. Distinguishing DITP from other immune‐mediated disorders such as posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and autoimmune thrombocytopenia can represent a clinical challenge.CASE REPORTA 68‐year‐old male with no prior transfusion history presented to the emergency department (ED) with dyspnea, epistaxis, and severe thrombocytopenia (<10 × 109/L) 12 days after discharge from a hospital admission for a coronary artery bypass graft. Evaluation of the degree of thrombocytopenia and the temporal association between the peri‐ and postoperative receipt of multiple transfusions and the acute decrease in PLT count indicated PTP as a possible cause of the severe thrombocytopenia. Treatment with 1 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was initiated and followed by a rapid 48‐hour increase in the PLT count. PLT antibodies lacking serologic specificity were subsequently identified in a sample collected upon presentation. Two weeks later he again presented to the ED with epistaxis and severe thrombocytopenia (<10 × 109/L). Clinical history now revealed that the patient had been treated with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole by his primary care physician after his first hospitalization for a “cellulitic‐appearing” leg and again before his final presentation for surgical site erythema and edema. IVIG was administered again with a rapid return of PLT count to baseline. Sulfamethoxazole‐dependent PLT antibodies were subsequently identified in the original patient sample.CONCLUSIONThis case report documents a case of IVIG‐responsive DITP initially misdiagnosed as PTP, highlighting the clinical overlap of these immunologic‐mediated phenomena.
Weed species composition of maize fields in Germany is influenced by site and crop sequence
Authors: de Mol F , von Redwitz C , Gerowitt B 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDuring the last decade, maize has become the crop with the second largest acreage in Germany. Therefore, agricultural advisors and the plant protection sector are interested in an overview of the weed species composition in maize fields, their determining factors and trends. From 2001 to 2009, a weed survey was conducted in 1460 maize fields throughout Germany. Data on crop management and soil characteristics were collected via farmer questionnaires. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyse patterns in weed species composition. The late spring and summer germinating species Chenopodium spp., Echinochloa crus‐galli and Solanum nigrum occurred with high densities and frequencies, but their occurrence was determined by different factors. Other frequent weed species were those that typically accompany autumn‐sown crops. The variation in species composition was significantly related to environmental factors (9.1% explained variance), particularly geographical latitude and precipitation, and management factors (4.7% explained variance), particularly crop sequence. The relative importance of these factors seems universal, when compared with surveys in other crops and regions. The factor ‘year’ was of minor importance (0.9% explained variance). Over the 9‐year period, no changes in weed species composition could be determined. The results suggest that despite the limited impact of crop management on weed species composition, farmers can use crop sequence to suppress individual species. The survey furthermore sets a baseline against which future changes can be measured in a landscape of rapidly changing agricultural land use.