bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential broadband filter based on microstrip coupled line structures
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hua , Hu Shen , Cao Qian‐Yu 
Published: July 2014

A coupled line schematic is proposed to build the differential filter featuring broadband, low insertion loss and good common‐mode suppression. The proposed filter is composed of four quarter‐wavelength coupled lines and four quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines. The calculated, simulated and measured results are in good agreement with each other. The differential‐mode signal can propagate with low insertion loss, whereas the common‐mode signal will be suppressed below −10 dB. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed filter is 82% centred at 3 GHz.
Lentivirus-Mediated Knockdown of NOB1 Suppresses the Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Y. , Huang H. , Yuan B. , Zhuang L. Y. , Luo T. P. , Zhang Q. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNOB1 is important for ribosome biogenesis and protein degradation. Previous studies showed that it could regulate the growth and colony-formation ability of ovarian, breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, its function in colon cancer cells is largely unknown. In this study, we found that NOB1 could express in 6 different colon cancer cell lines. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeted NOB1 could suppress the endogenous gene expression. NOB1 depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability, as determined by MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry analysis showed NOB1 silencing arrested cell cycle in G0 / G1 phase. Moreover, the percentage of cells at sub-G1 phase dramatically increased after NOB1 knockdown. These results indicate that NOB1 may play an important role in the growth and tumorigensis of colon cancer and knockdown of NOB1 may be a potential therapeutic method for colon cancer in the future.
Gallenwegserkrankungen im Alter
Authors: Heger E. , Lammert F. ,   für die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geriatrische Gastroenterologie (AGGG) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS)
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungDurch Gallensteine bedingte Krankheiten treten in höherem Lebensalter häufiger auf. In dieser Kurzübersicht werden leitlinienbasierte Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie bei Gallenwegserkrankungen im Alter zusammengefasst. Biliäre Koliken stellen grundsätzlich eine Indikation zur Cholezystektomie dar, um Komplikationen des Gallensteinleidens zu vermeiden. Bei der leichten und moderaten akuten Cholezystitis sollte auch bei älteren Patienten Cholezystektomie möglichst innerhalb von 24 Stunden nach der stationären Aufnahme erfolgen. Bei der simultanen Choledocho- und Cholezystolithiasis oder unkomplizierten biliären Pankreatitis sollte sie nach der endoskopischen retrograden Cholangiografie mit Steinextraktion noch innerhalb desselben stationären Aufenthalts durchgeführt werden. Das erhöhte Risiko, in der Folge der Cholelithiasis ein Gallenblasen- oder Gallenwegskarzinom zu entwickeln, steigt mit dem Alter an, sodass die Cholezystektomie auch karzinompräventiv ist.
Obere gastrointestinale Blutung mit hämorrhagischem Schock am Ende einer Urlaubsreise: Präklinische und innerklinische Versorgung eines gastrointestinalen Notfalls
Authors: Nguyen-Tat M. , Hoffman A. , Marquardt J. U. , Buggenhagen H. , Münzel T. , Kneist W. , Galle P. R. , Kiesslich R. , Rey J. W. 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungNach der Rückkehr aus dem Urlaub wurde ein 55-jähriger Patient mit Teerstuhl und hämorrhagischem Schock im Zugabteil eines InterCity der Deutschen Bahn notfallmedizinisch versorgt und in ein Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung eingeliefert. Hier erfolgte zunächst die weitere notfallmedizinische Behandlung, in deren Rahmen in der internistischen Notaufnahme in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit eine Stabilisierung der Hämodynamik sowie die Sicherung der Atemwege und Atemfunktion erfolgten. Anschließend wurde eine Notfall-Endoskopie des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts durchgeführt. Ursächlich für das hämorrhagische Schockgeschehen war eine arteriell spritzende, endoskopisch nicht zu stillende Blutung im Duodenum. Die definitive Blutungsstillung gelingt schließlich im Rahmen einer notfallmäßigen Laparatomie. Durch ein an die Versorgung traumatologischer Patienten angelehntes, aber für gastroenterologische Patienten mit Schockgeschehen nicht regelhaft vorhandenes Schockraum-Management konnte im vorliegenden Falle eines hochgradig instabilen Patienten durch die spontane Übernahme von etablierten Algorithmen aus der interdisziplinären Versorgung von Trauma-Patienten eine adäquate Kreislaufstabilisierung sowie Blutungskontrolle erreicht werden. Auch wenn ein Großteil der oberen gastrointestinalen Blutungen spontan sistieren, sollte wie für hier berichtete internistische Notfälle mit hämorrhagischem Schockgeschehen eine notfallmedizinische Versorgung nach Algorithmen entwickelt und implementiert werden. Am vorliegenden Fall wird ein mögliches beispielhaftes Vorgehen diskutiert sowie ein Vorschlag für ein mögliches Schockraum-Protokoll für diese Patientengruppe entwickelt.
Catalytic strategy used by the myosin motor to hydrolyze ATP
Authors: Kiani Farooq Ahmad , Fischer Stefan 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Biomolecular motor proteins like myosin generate mechanical force from the chemical energy of ATP. Like gas engines, they have different parts (protein domains) that run through a well-defined cycle of motions, consuming one ATP per cycle. Because ATP is very stable, motor proteins catalyze its breakdown (hydrolysis). The catalytic mechanism is at the core of understanding how these motors work, because the activation of the catalytic ATPase-function coordinates the motion of the different domains. Identifying which protein groups are essential for catalysis allows one to understand how the precise coupling between ATPase activation and mechanical motion is achieved. Moreover, ATPases are involved in most biochemical processes and are expected to have a catalytic strategy very similar to the one reported here.
Covalent agonists for studying G protein-coupled receptor activation
Authors: Weichert Dietmar , Kruse Andrew C. , Manglik Aashish , Hiller Christine , Zhang Cheng , Hübner Harald , Kobilka Brian K. , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Protein crystallography has greatly contributed to our understanding of the structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent success in the structural investigation of active GPCR conformations was guided by the application of high-affinity agonists and G proteins or G protein mimetic nanobodies. However, poor affinities of agonists prevent the formation of diffraction-quality crystals and hamper the generation of state-specific nanobodies. To overcome this limitation, we present a general approach to covalently binding molecular tools for the construction of stable ligand-receptor complexes capable of G protein activation. Besides the promotion of structural studies, tethered agonist-GPCR complexes may find application in biochemical and biophysical experiments that require reliable labeling of distinct receptor populations, underlining the versatility of covalent agonists for studying GPCR activation.
Radial bone size and strength indices in male road cyclists, mountain bikers and controls
Authors: McVeigh Joanne A. , Meiring Rebecca , Cimato Alessandra , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Oosthuyse Tanja 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMountain biking (MB), unlike road cycling (RC) involves exposure to ground impact bone strain and requires upper‐body muscle forces to maintain stability over uneven terrain and therefore may have differential effects on radial bone structure and strength. This study aimed to compare serum bone turnover marker concentration, 1‐repetition maximum muscle strength and the radial proximal (diaphysis) and distal (metaphysis) bone structure [bone mineral content, total and cortical area (CoA), density and thickness, diameter and circumference], strength strain indices and muscle cross‐sectional area (MCSA) using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) between 30 male cyclists (18–34 years) MB (n = 10), RC (n = 10) and non‐athletes controls (CON, n = 10). Differences were assessed by ANOVA and an ANCOVA (adjusting for body mass and height) where appropriate. MB radii were characterised by significantly stronger (14–16%), denser (9–27%) and larger (10%) metaphyses and stronger (22–23%) and larger (11–13%) diaphyses compared to RC and CON. RC had significantly 7% higher strength indices and 4% greater CoA and thickness than CON at the diaphysis, with no differences for other bone measurements. Serum C‐terminal telopeptides of type‐1 collagen concentration (bone resorption marker) was higher in RC than MB (p < 0.05) and above the age‐reference range. MCSA and strength were greater in MB than RC (p < 0.05). Muscle forces generated during RC appear to produce an osteogenic stimulus to increase radial bone strength indices with minimal improvement in bone structure. However greater resorptive activity in RC suggests inadequate loading to support bone maintenance. In conclusion, bone loading, muscle size and strength of MB are superior to RC.
Discovery of a Thorne–Żytkow object candidate in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip , Żytkow Anna N. , Morrell Nidia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Thorne–Żytkow objects (TŻOs) are a theoretical class of star in which a compact neutron star is surrounded by a large, diffuse envelope. Supergiant TŻOs are predicted to be almost identical in appearance to red supergiants (RSGs). The best features that can be used at present to distinguish TŻOs from the general RSG population are the unusually strong heavy-element and Li lines present in their spectra, products of the star's fully convective envelope linking the photosphere with the extraordinarily hot burning region in the vicinity of the neutron star core. Here, we present our discovery of a TŻO candidate in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is the first star to display the distinctive chemical profile of anomalous element enhancements thought to be unique to TŻOs. The positive detection of a TŻO will provide the first direct evidence for a completely new model of stellar interiors, a theoretically predicted fate for massive binary systems, and never-seen-before nucleosynthesis processes that would offer a new channel for Li and heavy-element production in our Universe.
V genes in primates from whole genome shotgun data
Authors: Olivieri David N. , Gambón-Deza Francisco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe adaptive immune system uses V genes for antigen recognition. The evolutionary diversification and selection processes within and across species and orders are poorly understood. Here, we studied the amino acid (AA) sequences obtained of translated in-frame V exons of immunoglobulins (IG) and T cell receptors (TR) from 16 primate species whose genomes have been sequenced. Multi-species comparative analysis supports the hypothesis that V genes in the IG loci undergo birth/death processes, thereby permitting rapid adaptability over evolutionary time. We also show that multiple cladistic groupings exist in the TRA (35 clades) and TRB (25 clades) V gene loci and that each primate species typically contributes at least one V gene to each of these clade. The results demonstrate that IG V genes and TR V genes have quite different evolutionary pathways; multiple duplications can explain the IG loci results, while co-evolutionary pressures can explain the phylogenetic results, as seen in genes of the TR loci. We describe how each of the 35 V genes clades of the TRA locus and 25 clades of the TRB locus must have specific and necessary roles for the viability of the species.
Cutaneous lesions of Kikuchi's disease: Evolution of histopathological findings
Authors: Kanno Kyoko , Minami‐Hori Masako , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Komura Keiji , Oikawa Kensuke , Miyokawa Naoyuki , Iizuka Hajime 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a 38‐year‐old male patient who presented with cutaneous lesions mimicking widespread discoid lupus erythematosus with high‐grade fever, arthralgia and lymphadenopathy. Additional lymph node and skin biopsies, however, revealed karyorrhectic debris without neutrophils and numerous CD68‐positive cells, a characteristic finding of Kikuchi's disease (KD). Comparing skin biopsies on different occasions, we could see different forms of histopathology. The histopathology of skin lesions of KD may vary during the clinical course, which may reflect the stage of the disease.
Growth, phenology, and biomass allocation of alien Solidago species in central Europe
Authors: Szymura Magdalena , Szymura Tomasz H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPlant invasion is a major threat to the integrity of an ecosystem. Exceptionally successful invaders in Europe are the American species of Solidago genus. In this study we examined growth, reproduction, and phenology of Solidago species, of American origin, growing in central Europe (S. altissima, S. canadensis, S. gigantea, S. graminifolia). These taxa were compared with two native species: Solidago virgaurea and Tanacetum vulgare. We observed high differentiation in height, number of shoots, and biomass production between individuals within taxa. Generally, the invasive species produced substantially (two to five times) more biomass than the native ones, being statistically significant in the comparison of alien Solidago graminifolia and S. gigantea versus native S. virgaurea and T. vulgare. The ratio of biomass of reproductive parts to overall biomass varied considerably among years, but generally the lowest one was for Solidago altissima, and the highest for S. graminifolia. It shows a lack of a clear pattern of differentiation between alien and native species in terms of biomass investment in reproduction. We observed a general tendency of allocation of a major part of biomass in rhizomes by phalanx species (S. graminifolia and S. gigantea), while species with guerrilla strategy (S. altissima and S. canadensis) invested more biomass in stems and leaves. However, because of the high variability there was no clear, stable pattern of statistically significant differences between these two groups. The results suggest that S. graminifolia reveals a strong potential of invasion, in spite of its, so far limited, distribution in Europe.
Impact of third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tears at first birth on subsequent pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study
Authors: Edozien LC , Gurol‐Urganci I , Cromwell DA , Adams EJ , Richmond DH , Mahmood TA , van der Meulen JH 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate, among women who have had a third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear, the mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies as well as the recurrence rate of third‐ or fourth‐degree tears.DesignA retrospective cohort study of deliveries using a national administrative database.SettingThe English National Health Service between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2012.PopulationA total of 639 402 primiparous women who had a singleton, term, vaginal live birth between April 2004 and March 2011, and a second birth before April 2012.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios, adjusted for other risk factors.Main outcome measuresMode of delivery and recurrence of tears at second birth.ResultsThe rate of elective caesarean at second birth was 24.2% for women with a third‐ or fourth‐degree tear at first birth, and 1.5% for women without (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 18.3, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 16.4–20.4). Among women who had a vaginal delivery at second birth, the rate of third‐ or fourth‐degree tears was 7.2% for women with a third‐ or fourth‐degree tear at first birth, compared with 1.3% for women without (aOR 5.5, 95% CI 5.2–5.9).ConclusionsThe risk of a severe perineal tear is increased five‐fold in women who had a third‐ or fourth‐degree tear in their first delivery. This increased risk should be taken into account when decisions about mode of delivery are made.
The Effect of Medicaid Primary Care Provider Reimbursement on Access to Early Childhood Caries Preventive Services
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston , Tomar Scott L. , Catalanotto Frank A. , Vogel W. Bruce , Shenkman Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo examine receipt of early childhood caries preventive services (ECCPS) in two states' Medicaid programs before and after the implementation of reimbursement to medical primary care providers (M‐PCPs).Data SourcesEnrollment and claims data from the Florida and Texas Medicaid programs for children ≤54 months of age during the period 2006–2010.Study DesignWe conducted time trend‐adjusted, difference‐in‐differences analyses by using modified Poisson regressions combined with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to analyze the effect of M‐PCP reimbursement on the likelihood that an enrollee had an ECCPS visit after controlling for age, sex, health status, race/ethnicity, geographic location, and enrollment duration.Data Extraction MethodsEnrollment data were linked to claims data to create a panel dataset with child‐month observations.Principal FindingsReimbursement to M‐PCPs was associated with an increased likelihood of ECCPS receipt in general and topical fluoride application specifically in both states.ConclusionsReimbursement to M‐PCPs can increase access to ECCPS. However, ECCPS receipt continues to fall short of recommended care, presenting opportunities for performance improvement.
qPCR‐based molecular sexing by copy number variation in rRNA genes and its utility for sex identification in soft‐shell turtles
Authors: Literman Robert , Badenhorst Daleen , Valenzuela Nicole 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Sex diagnosis is important in ecology, evolution, conservation biology, medicine, and food production. However, sex diagnosis is difficult in species without conspicuous sexual dimorphism or at life stages before such differences develop. This problem is exacerbated when the diagnostic trait is a continuous (non‐discrete) variable to which general analytical methods are not commonly applied.

Here we demonstrate the use of copy‐number variation between males and females of the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) in the genome of Apalone spinifera softshell turtles, which we quantify by real‐time PCR. We analyze these continuous data using mixture models that can be applied either in discriminant analysis when a subset of individuals of known sex is used as a training set, or in clustering procedures when all individuals are of unknown sex.

Using individuals of known sex, the discriminant analysis exhibited 100% accurate classification rate for both the training set and the test set. Classification rates were also 100% when using the clustering procedure to identify groups and classify individuals in the absence of sex information. Standard curves using only male DNA provided better discrimination than using mixed‐sex DNA during qPCR. NOR copy number is an effective sex diagnostic for A. spinifera turtles. Our sexing approach using qPCR of 18S genes should prove useful for other taxa that also possess dimorphic NORs, as is known in some vertebrates and insects. While the 18S copy numbers in our dataset exhibited a non‐overlapping binomial distribution, this may not always be the case in future studies of A. spinifera or for other taxa.

Importantly however, our sex‐typing approach using mixture models provides an attractive alternative under overlapping distributions of these and of other continuous data such as hormone levels, gene expression levels, shape or behavior. We present an example using overlapping distributions of hormone levels in Chelydra serpentina turtles, to demonstrate the broader utility of mixture models for sex‐typing, and obtain a high correct classification of 90%.
Prognostic factors in 151 patients with surgically resected non‐functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Song Ki Byung , Kim Song Cheol , Kim Ji Hoon , Hong Seung‐Mo , Park Kwang‐Min , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Young‐Joo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecently, non‐functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐PNETs) are increasing. It is important to know about the prognostic factors and long‐term survival rates in patients with NF‐PNET for the management of these diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the records of 151 patients with NF‐PNET who had pancreatic resection between January 1995 and December 2010.ResultThe 10‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival rate of the patients who underwent surgery for NF‐PNET were 72.6%, 85.1% and 57.2% respectively. The three staging systems (2004 World Health Organization classification, 2006 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society stages and 2010 grading system) showed comparable prognostic relevance in disease‐specific survival of patients with resected NF‐PNETs. Lymph nodes metastasis, high Ki‐67 index and mitotic rate were the independent poor prognostic factors for disease‐specific survival in the patients with surgically resected NF‐PNET on multivariate analysis.ConclusionWe suggested that the three staging systems accurately reflect the prognosis in disease‐specific survival of patients with resected NF‐PNETs. Presence of lymph nodes metastases and high Ki‐67 index and mitotic rate were the independent poor prognostic factors after resection of NF‐PNET.
Tramadol can selectively manage moderate pain in children following European advice limiting codeine use
Authors: Marzuillo Pierluigi , Calligaris Lorenzo , Barbi Egidio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe European Medicine Agency recommendations limiting codeine use in children have created a void in managing moderate pain. We review the evidence on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of tramadol, a possible substitute for codeine.ConclusionTramadol appears to be safe in both paediatric inpatients and outpatients. It may be appropriate to limit the current use of tramadol to monitored settings in children with risk factors for respiratory depression, subject to further safety evidence.
Epstein–Barr virus infection induces an increase of T regulatory type 1 cells in Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Morales Olivier , Mrizak Dhafer , François Violaine , Mustapha Rami , Miroux Céline , Depil Stéphane , Decouvelaere Anne‐Valérie , Lionne‐Huyghe Pauline , Auriault Claude , de Launoit Yvan , Pancré Véronique , Delhem Nadira 
Published: July 2014

SummaryEpstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is present in the neoplastic cells of around 20–30% of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Although, an immunosuppressive environment is currently described in HL patients, little is known concerning the regulatory mechanism induced by EBV proteins expression in tumour cells. This study aimed to investigate an association between regulatory Type 1 cells (Tr1) and EBV tissue positivity in HL patients. Transcriptomic analysis of both EBV‐positive and EBV‐negative tumours showed that EBV infection increased gene expression of Tr1‐related markers (ITGA2, ITGB2, LAG3) and associated‐immunosuppressive cytokines (IL10). This up‐regulation was associated with an over‐expression of several chemokine markers known to attract T‐helper type 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cells thus contributing to immune suppression. This Tr1 cells recruitment in EBV‐positive HL was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of frozen nodes biopsies and by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of EBV‐positive patients. Additionally, we showed that IL10 production was significantly enhanced in tumours and blood of EBV‐positive HL patients. Our results propose a new model in which EBV can recruit Tr1 cells to the nodes' microenvironment, suggesting that the expression of EBV proteins in tumour cells could enable the escape of EBV‐infected tumour cells from the virus‐specific CTL response.