bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a Fully Customizable Low Pressure, High-Speed Rotating Reamer Shoe System for Tubular Deployment
Authors: Nkwocha C. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Conventional reamer shoes are either mechanical or hydraulically actuated. Mechanical systems include products that require the entire casing, liner, or completion string to be rotated from the surface by applying rotary action on the string. This operation may result in extremely high torque requirements upon the entire tubular running system. Other mechanical systems include auto-correcting, weight-actuated, and j-slot key-based mechanisms. Mechanical systems tend to have little or no torque output unless where string rotation is introduced.
Hydraulically actuated reamer shoe systems include a turbine, Moineau pump, or an internal jetting drive system. The internal jetting and turbine drive systems create high rotary speeds with low to medium torque outputs. The inverse Moineau pump system, commonly known as positive displacement motors has a different mechanism similar to having two helical gears with one gear having one additional thread, referred to as lobes. Turbine and positive displacement motors are both referred to as mud/down-hole motors in a broader sense. Positive displacement motors are known for lower rotary speeds compared to turbine motors and, therefore, better suited for a wide variety of drilling applications.
This paper examines the major design considerations for changes to a high hydraulically actuated reamers shoes system and provides case histories and the value to operations where these tools have been deployed.
Lower Carbon Optimal Development of Heavy Oil: Swamp Niger Delta Case Study
Authors: Fagbowore Olufisayo , Onyeji Johnbosco , Oragwu Aluba , Chukwuka Clement 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The share of light oil in the global oil reserves continues to decline given that oil and gas producing companies have historically placed more focus on developing the light oil fields. This is because light oils can typically be produced at high rates and low costs. This decline has led to an increasing effort to develop and produce high viscosity oil which accounts for about 15% of the global oil reserves.
However, to develop and produce heavy oil at commercial production rates, there is almost always a need to reduce the viscosity of the crude as well as introduce additional energy into the reservoir. The most common methodology implemented to produce such viscous crude involves the injection of superheated steam into the reservoir. This helps to reduce the viscosity of the oil, increase the reservoir pressure, increase the displacement of the oil in the porous rock media as well as achieve partial distillation of the oil. Other methodologies revolve around injection of polymers and surfactants to improve the sweep of oil in the reservoir. These methodologies require significant facility capital to develop the process of generating steam or handling the polymer/surfactant. As such, all these methodologies lead to a significant increase in the carbon footprint of operations as well as increased operational costs when compared to light oil production. There is therefore a need to assess other development strategies that will not require significant cost for development and lead to high carbon intensities.
This paper presents practical case studies of development of heavy oil reservoirs in the swamp Niger Delta region without using the traditional super-heated steam or polymer/surfactant injection which lead to increase in carbon footprint. The case studies highlight some of the challenges associated with producing heavy oil (inflow challenges, inadequate vertical lift, early water breakthrough due to adverse mobility ratios, amongst others) and show examples of production optimization methodologies that led to wells achieving peak rates that are comparable to those observed in conventional light oil wells in similar depositional environment and with similar well completion types.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Downhole Conditions of Oil Wells Using Wellhead Data
Authors: Edet Ita Okon , Atubokiki Ajienka Joseph , Livinus Aniefiok , Chinedu Ikenna Ndubuka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An accurate prediction of downhole conditions using wellhead data is highly vital in petroleum production engineering applications. It is very useful in the management of the life cycle of a well. Although there are techniques in literature to predict downhole conditions using wellhead data; however, most of these techniques are empirical correlations derived from few datasets. The study presents a new robust and self-computing approach that was developed using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in MATLAB software. This model predicts the downhole conditions such as pressure drawdown (ΔP) and productivity index (PI) using wellhead data. The model was trained and validated using 3200 production data points from eleven (11) oil wells in the Niger Delta. The model predicted both the ΔP and PI with a training accuracy coefficient of determination (R^2 ) of 0.980 and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 13.560. This prediction closeness resulted in R^2 and RMSE values of 0.964 and 2.552 for ΔP and 0.964 and 2.552 for PI. The performance analysis of the newly developed ANN model against some of the input variables for ∆P were analyzed. It was observed that choke size less than 40 has a wide spread percentage error bandwidth, though majority of the predictions falls below the ±40 percentage error. For the effect of GOR on the performance of the newly developed model, the percentage error bandwidth is quite high, but majority of the predicted values are in the +20 and -40 range. The water cut data affect the performance of the model when it is less than 20. However, for water cut values greater than 20, the percentage error predictions are within the ±20 range. The results suggest that the ANN model presents a better choice for the prediction of downhole conditions with minimum error and acceptable accuracy.
Injection Order: A Determinant for the Performance of Alkaline-Surfactant and Polymer Flooding Scheme
Authors: Kinate Bright Bariakpoa , Elikee Uchenna Daniel , Igwe Ikechi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The combined approach of alkali, surfactant, and polymer (ASP) injection is considered the most promising and enhances oil recovery by reducing residual oil saturation and improving sweep efficiency. However, the performance of ASP flooding is highly sensitive to various factors. Among these factors, the injection order of the chemical components significantly impacts the effectiveness of the process. To optimize ASP flooding, it is essential to understand the chemical interactions and mechanisms involved in each injection order. Hence, this work will evaluate the impact of injection order on the performance of ASP flooding. Computer Modelling Group (CMG) pre-processor, Builder was used for the creation of ASP input file (dataset) and STARS module for the validation of the dataset and for prediction. Six (6) order, ASP, APS, PSA, PAS, SPA, SAP were created and each evaluated for 12years, comprising of 4 years interval for each chemical components. The cumulative oil produced, oil production rate and field oil recovery factor were determined for each order. The APS order gave the highest cumulative oil production with the SPA order having the least. Similarly, APS order gave the highest field oil recover factor with the least from SPA order. The result shows that alkali must be injected first to generate soap for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, followed by the polymer injection to change the mobility ratio and lastly, surfactant to produce an optimal surfactant concentration to further reduce the IFT between oil and formation water to an ultra-low level.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel Using Terminalia Catappa Leaves Extract (TCLE) in 1M HCl Solution
Authors: Olaonipekun P. B. , Ikiensikimama S. S. , Wachikwu-Elechi Virtue Urunwo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The oil and gas industry plays a vital role in driving global economies by meeting the energy demands of nations. However, the industry faces significant challenges in maintaining the integrity and longevity of its infrastructure due to the corrosive environments in which it operates. Conventional corrosion inhibitors typically rely on synthetic chemicals, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP), which have raised environmental concerns due to their potential toxicity and ecological impact. As industries increasingly adopt sustainable and eco-friendly practices, there arises a critical need to explore alternative and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibition approaches that offer comparable or superior effectiveness. This research investigates the viability of Terminalia catappa leaf extract (TCLE) as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (measuring 3cm x 4cm) in 1M HCl solution. Utilizing the weight loss method over a 14-day period, the study compares the performance of TCLE to DSHP. The green extract was obtained using the maceration technique; Terminalia catappa leaves were blended, soaked in ethanol for 60 hours, filtered, and then concentrated. It was found that TCLE demonstrates an improvement in inhibition efficiency with increasing concentrations but diminishes with prolonged immersion time. A maximal inhibition efficiency of 89.24%, 94.12%, 94.12%, 93.64%, and 96.20% was observed for TCLE at the concentrations of 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, 1.2g/L, and 1.5g/L respectively, markedly contrasting with DSHP’s peak efficiency of 10.57%, 13.25%, 20.25%, 31.65%, and 39.24% at 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, 1.2g/L, and 1.5g/L concentrations respectively. Over time, TCLE’s efficiency demonstrated impressive durability; even after two weeks, it inhibited with a notable 55.68%, 71.19%, 80.33%, 82.55%, and 83.38% efficiency at the concentrations of 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, 1.2g/L, and 1.5g/L respectively. In sharp contrast, DSHP dwindled to 4.16%, 4.43%, 4.43%, 4.71%, and 8.59% efficiency at the concentrations of 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, 1.2g/L, and 1.5g/L respectively by the end of the experiment. In conclusion, this evidence positions Terminalia catappa leaf extract (TCLE) as a promising and environmentally conducive alternative for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. It demonstrates superior efficiency compared to disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP), a conventional synthetic inhibitor. It is recommended that TCLE should be harnessed and upscale for application in the industry‒wide corrosion inhibition strategies.
Collaboration as a Development Support Strategy for Marginal Oil Field Development in Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari H. , Salihu A. , Obunwa Q. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2018, the Nigerian government launched the Marginal Field Bid Round, offering 57 marginal oil fields to local and international investors to increase the participation of indigenous companies in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry in order to increase production, and generate revenue for the government. The purpose of the study is to examine collaboration as one of the success strategies for marginal oil field development in Niger Delta. Collaboration is working together to achieve a common goal. It involved separate companies working towards shared or common goal, collaboration can often be an important source of competitive advantages. It helps in pooling of resources to make capital available for marginal oil field operation. This study adopted a literature review and multiple case studies of AFREN Plc, Frontier oil limited and Universal Energy limited in the development of Okoro, Setu field, and Qua Iboe field to highlight the role of collaboration in the development of marginal oil field. The method adopted was qualitative method using literature review and multiple case study to highlight the role of collaboration in the development of marginal oil field. The findings showed that the successful development of marginal oil fields is possible through joint cooperation among the stakeholders of the oil and gas industry. Collaboration in terms of infrastructure sharing, knowledge sharing, and strategic partnership improve the performance of marginal oil field development. The overall result revealed that collaboration in form of strategic alliance and partnership is a driver or development support strategy for marginal oil field development. This research study recommends creation of an enabling environment for investment, for example the political environment, community challenge and security for marginal field investment in Niger Delta. The government should ensure that there is stable macroeconomic policy and efficient legal system that allows for contract to be enforced and support access to channels to arbitration.
Strategic Partnerships in Domestic Gas Project Maturation: The Iseni Phase 1 (OML35) Case
Authors: Effiom O. , Anietie J. , Iwedi U. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The gas rich Iseni field is part of the Okpokunou Cluster (OML 35) located in Sagbama Local Government Area (LGA) of Bayelsa State that was discovered in the 1970's by four exploration wells. The cluster has the potential to deliver significant gas volumes to the Nigerian domestic gas market but to date has been undeveloped due to its remote location and lack of facilities in the area.
In 2015, SPDC partnered with a reputable indigenous company (BlueStar Gas Limited (BGL) and executed a gas sales agreement for the development of the field. This partnership is poised to support Nigeria's growing demand for domestic gas especially in the Western part of the Niger Delta area of the country.
This paper will discuss the project from three perspectives: The Subsurface reservoir description and uncertainties - The field was discovered in 1973 by the Iseni 1 exploration well. Two further wells and one side-track were drilled between 1973 and 1987. The wells penetrated thirteen stacked, gas-baring intervals with excellent reservoir sand properties. Five of the thirteen reservoirs are considered ‘ready to go’ for development due to the greater certainty around their gas content.The Project maturation methodology - The project development is split into the upstream and midstream scopes which will be matured by SPDC and Bluestar Gas Limited respectively. Apart from the appraisal-development wells, the upstream scope involved the construction of well head facilities, flowlines, a manifold and other civil works. The aim of the upstream scope is to safely deliver the wells and facilities to enable tie-in of the pipelines and flow lines to flow 100MMScf/d of unprocessed gas. The midstream scope is defined by the construction of a 47km pipeline from the wellhead to a third-party gas processing facility at Utorogu for use at the Dangote Fertilizer Plant at Lekki, Lagos State.Lastly, the paper discusses considerations around the risks, uncertainties and mitigation plans in place describing the areas of interface and how the two companies have partnered together to develop an integrated roadmap to the credible delivery of the project.
The OML35 journey to Final Investment Decision demonstrates how a strategic partnership hinged on technical excellence, commerciality, and trust, yields tangible benefits that actualize the Nigerian Domestic Gas aspiration.
Locating the Remaining Oil in a Brown Field via Integrated History Matching and Calibration
Authors: Alaigba D. , Adebayo A. , Oyeleke Z. , Onyeanya W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although new discoveries and developments often take the limelight, Brown fields are considered the "backbone" of the oil and gas industry as roughly two-thirds of the world’s daily oil production comes from such fields. A common trend observed with brown fields is that over time, production from these fields progressively decline at the reservoir level because of a combination of factors not limited to declining reservoir pressures, water breakthrough and attendant rise in BS&W and GOR, etc. A critical question which we must answer is: how do we locate these remaining resources and develop them in the most economic manner? This work focuses on conducting an integrated history match and calibration of a brown field reservoirs with a view to identifying and developing remaining oil resources.
As a first stage, Well, Reservoir, Facility Management (WRFM) analysis was carried out using classical reservoir engineering techniques to review the field and well historical performance to understand reservoir drive mechanisms and scope for production improvement. Next, a static model was built using seismic data, well logs, mud logs, sidewall samples, core data, RFT data and integrating results from the WRFM. The model was subsequently quality checked initialized and taken into dynamic modeling space. An integrated history matching of the 3-dimensional (3D) reservoir model was conducted first in the reservoir volume (RESV) to quantify aquifer activity followed by oil rate (ORAT) with a primary focus on pressure and saturation as the first stage. This was subsequently followed by calibration using additional information from open-hole and carbon oxygen logs. This provided the required level of confidence in terms of identifying the remaining oil.
Finally, different development options were assessed by considering available idle proximal wells for short term oil gains (STOG) and sidetracking. For each development case evaluated, offtake rate sensitivities were also run to arrive at the optimal rate. An additional 1.4 MMstb of oil was realized as the base case from the remaining oil via sidetracking an existing an available idle well.
Preliminary Assessment of Terminalia Mantaly Gum Exudate as a GreenScale Inhibitor
Authors: Obuebite A. , Okwonna O. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study explores the potential of Terminalia mantaly gum as a sustainable, effective inhibitor of barium sulfate scale. The use of green materials has garnered attention as a promising natural compound for industrial processes. Scale formation, a pervasive issue in oil production and water treatment, leads to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costscaused by blockages in pipelines, oil wells etc. However, the use of scale inhibitors has been used for the control of various scale types including barium sulfate scale. Terminalia mantaly gum, a natural polysaccharide, with its abundance, bio-degradable and eco-friendly characteristics aligns with the growing global emphasis on sustainable and green technologies. The gum exudate was extracted from the bark of a Terminalia mantalytree. The preliminary analysis of the scale- inhibitory effect of terminalia gum was evaluated using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze their crystal structure, thermal stability, identify and quantify the chemical concentration of the compounds present. Results showed an onset degradation at 315.5 ˚C temperature with a sudden decrease in mass of the sample at a calcination temperature of 560 ˚C. The average crystal size was observed to be twice that of synthetic gum with a high peak intensity (8.45). The FTIR spectra showed a high peak intensity, and symmetrical vibration of the O-H bond which is characteristic of glucoside ring. The chromatogram identified seven compounds linked to a functional group with the major constituent being 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester at a peak of 63.52 %, indicating that fatty acids are the dominant constituents inTerminalia mantalygum. Its high compatibility with diverse water compositions makes it a potential solution for scale inhibition.The study has shown that Terminalia mantalygum is a viable, eco-conscious option for mitigating scales based on its chemical composition, and crystalline structure, though less efficient at temperatures above 300˚C.
Pragmatic and Resilient Approach in the Resuscitation of a High Impact Well Post Shut- In for Production Curtailment in the Onshore Niger-Delta– A Case Study of Nkabra-41 Dual Completion Well
Authors: Adowei E. , Nwamara N. , Onyeji J. A. , Agbongiator E. , Oragwu O. , Chukwuka C. , Adegoke O. , Abe A. , Oyemami P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Periodic well shut-in is a common practice in the oil industry. It entails isolating production from the affected well by tripping subsurface safety valves and/or shutting-in the tree valves on the surface. The challenge with shut-in is that sometimes it may not come back to pre-shut-in potential or will fail to come back on production after it is opened back to flow. This phenomenon is becoming frequent and a major cause for concern in the industry. However, it can be caused by varying reasons and thus the restoration of such well back on production can be approached using many methodologies and some of these approaches can be very costly. NKABRA-41 (NKB-41) well is a dual string high impact oil producer in the Onshore Area of the Niger-Delta. The well has hitherto produced problem free until there was a production curtailment request by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) aimed at managing market forces. The well was shut-in for three months and when the request came to restore production, both strings of the well failed to flow. All efforts to restore both strings of the well on production were initially unsuccessful even after costly remedial well interventions. This paper showcases the pragmatic and resilient approach in restoring both strings of NKB-41 back on-stream over a period of three years, post- production curtailment. The methodologies utilized include sequential restoration procedures, due diligence in subsurface diagnostics and assessments by the Petro-Tech team, extensive multifunctional collaboration and stakeholders’ engagement and alignment. The pragmatic and resilient approach led to production restoration of approximately 3,600 BOPD in the well.
Energy Transition in Nigeria: A Decarbonisation Strategy for the Oil and Gas Value Chain through Integrated Renewable Energy Technologies
Authors: Nkang D. , Iyalla I. , Mahon R. , Amber I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The global energy landscape is transforming and is shifting toward cleaner energy sources to mitigate the effects of climate change. As such, traditional oil and gas operators are decarbonising and diversifying their existing oil and gas portfolios while transitioning toward becoming leaders of the energy transition. This work presents a downstream oil and gas supply chain (OGSC) decarbonisation strategy for a petrol filling station in Nigeria. It applies the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) decision-making techniques to identify the most appropriate renewable energy source (solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, and bioenergy) technology to be adopted and a techno-economic analysis of the selected renewable energy source. Results revealed that a Solar Photovoltaics (PV) System is the most suitable renewable energy technology to be implemented based on technical, economic, environmental, and social factors. System modelling and analysis showed that the off-grid Solar PV System consisting of a 17 kW Solar PV and a 4500 Ah battery system can provide all the electricity requirements for the petrol filling station. Financial modelling results indicate that over a 15-year period, this decarbonisation strategy will be less expensive than grid purchased electricity. Additionally, this decarbonisation strategy has a positive impact on the environment as it eliminates the need for grid purchased electricity – a significant share of which is generated from natural gas. Overall, the result of this study supports Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contributions and Energy Transition Plan as it empirically demonstrates the use of Solar PV in decarbonising the downstream OGSC while being a financially and environmentally advantageous investment – a pathway helping to achieve Nigeria's Carbon Neutrality by 2060.