bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Students' Intelligence Beliefs and Learning
Authors: Stump Glenda S. , Husman Jenefer , Corby Marcia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundStudents' beliefs about their intellectual ability influence their use of learning strategies, learning effort, and response to failure or setbacks. Students with incremental views of intelligence believe that learning is possible with sufficient effort, whereas those with entity views believe that intelligence is a fixed quality and expenditure of effort reflects an insufficient amount of that quality.PurposeThis study examined the relationship between engineering students' beliefs about intelligence and their perceived use of active learning strategies such as collaboration and knowledge‐building behaviors, self‐efficacy for learning and performance, and course grade. The study also examined the extent of entity and incremental beliefs in a sample of engineering students.Design/MethodThe correlational study analyzed data from 377 engineering students recruited from required engineering courses at a large public university. We used bivariate correlations to examine relationships between study variables and multiple regression analyses to examine predictive ability of the variables on learning strategies and course grade.ResultsOur results showed that students' intelligence beliefs were correlated with active learning strategies. Self‐efficacy, reported use of collaboration, and incremental beliefs about intelligence were predictive of students' reported use of knowledge‐building behaviors. Intelligence beliefs were not predictive of course grade.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the utility of these motivational beliefs for understanding university engineering students' learning efforts. Our results also suggest a need for instructors to support incremental views of intelligence among engineering students.
Movements and seasonal use of habitats by rural and urban female mottled ducks in southeast Florida
Authors: Varner Dana M. , Hepp Gary R. , Bielefeld Ronald R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTFlorida will continue to undergo high rates of habitat loss, primarily the result of urbanization. In addition, invasive species are a major threat to Florida's biodiversity. The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula), a bird unique to the state, is particularly vulnerable to loss of wetland habitats and hybridization with feral mallards. Because mottled ducks are more likely to encounter feral mallards in urban habitats, we trapped and radiomarked adult females in urban (n = 99) and rural (n = 146) habitats to estimate home ranges and rates of movement into and out of urban areas. We also determined habitat use in urban and rural areas during the breeding (1 Feb–31 Jul), post‐breeding (1 Aug–18 Nov), and hunting (19 Nov–31 Jan) periods and estimated seasonal habitat selection of rural female mottled ducks. Urban females used mostly aquatic habitats in low and high intensity human development year‐round. Rural ducks used freshwater marshes throughout the year, but selection of other habitat types varied seasonally. Use of glades marsh and agricultural habitats by rural ducks peaked during the breeding season. Rural ducks selected artificial impoundments and reservoirs during the post‐breeding and hunting periods. Median home range size of rural females was more than 65 times greater than those of urban females. Our results suggest the spread of mallard genetic introgression caused by females leaving urban areas may be slow because as few as 6% of the adult females moved between urban and rural areas. Focusing wetland conservation efforts on freshwater marshes and artificial impoundments in south Florida would likely benefit mottled ducks. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis and Characterization of Imino‐Phenolate Titanium Complexes and Their Use in Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Ethylene
Authors: da S. Gomes Fernando , Bergamo Adão L. , de L. Casagrande Osvaldo 
Published: June 2014

A set of titanium precatalysts [(L)TiCl3] based on imino‐phenolate tridentate ligands (Ti1, L = 3,5‐tBu‐2‐(OH)C6H2CH‐N‐8‐C9H6N; Ti2, L = 3,5‐tBu‐2‐(OH)C6H2CH‐N‐C2H4‐O‐C6H5; Ti3, L = 3,5‐tBu‐2‐(OH)C6H2CH‐N‐CH2‐C6H4OMe; Ti4, L = 3,5‐tBu‐2‐(OH)C6H2CH‐N‐C6H4‐C6H5O) is prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), these precatalysts show good activity (200–660 kg of PE mol[Ti]−1 h−1 at 60 °C) in ethylene polymerization yielding high‐density poly­ethylenes (HDPEs) with viscosity‐average molecular weight (Mv) in the range between 184 and 355 × 103 g mol−1. The Mv values of the resulting polyethylenes indicate strong influence of the aluminum concentration on the molecular weight, which can be associated to the probability of chain transfer from titanium to aluminum at high [Al]/[Ti] molar ratios. The polydispersity index (PDI) calculated from Gc(ωc) values are broad (24 to >40) indicating the multisite nature of this class of titanium precatalysts. Ti1–Ti4 are also tested in the copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene affording high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐hexenes) with comonomer incorporation varying from 1.0 to 4.1 mol%. The crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) profiles of copolymers produced by Ti2–Ti3 indicate the production of HDPE with very low efficiency (quantity and distribution) on incorporating 1‐hexene. On the other hand, the polymer produced by Ti1 shows a broad peak of branching fraction with different amount and comonomer distribution, suggesting a good 1‐hexene distribution along of main polymer chain.
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Synthesis and Crystallization of Precision Polymers with Repetitive Folding Elements
Authors: Reimann Sophie , Baumeister Ute , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: June 2014

The synthesis and thermal properties of a new type of precision polyethylene containing perfectly placed conformationally constraining elements after every 16 methylene units are presented. The precise placement of a 2,6‐diaminopyridine moiety (DAP) is accomplished via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of specially designed monomers, where the DAP serves as the conformational constraint. Polymerization of the diene‐mono­mer (N,N′‐pyridin‐2,6‐diyl‐bis‐dec‐9‐enamide) displaying free‐amide hydrogen bonds leads to largely insoluble polymers due to self‐aggregation via the hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking. However, when using the N‐methyl‐protected monomer N,N′‐pyridin‐2,6‐diylbis(N‐methyldec‐9‐enamide), the polymerization furnishes soluble polymers with molecular weights ranging from 1500 up to 60 000 g mol−1 using different Grubbs or Umicore catalysts. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) measurements prove the structure of linear and cyclic polymers, all containing the precisely placed DAP units within the polymer. Subsequent hydrogenation with p‐toluenesulfon­hydrazide yields the final semicrystalline polymers, displaying an ordered lamellar crystal phase as characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements.
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Effect of Varying Thiophene Units on Charge‐Transport and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(phenylene ethynylene)‐alt‐poly(phenylene vinylene) Polymers
Authors: Adam Getachew , Yohannes Teketel , White Matthew , Montaigne Alberto , Ulbricht Christoph , Birckner Eckhard , Rathgeber Silke , Kästner Christian , Hoppe Harald , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Egbe Daniel Ayuk Mbi 
Published: June 2014

Poly(phenylene ethynylene)‐alt‐poly(phenylene vinylene)s (PPE‐PPVs) with various thiophene units (thiophene, bithiophene, and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) at the X position, with the general backbone design (PhCCXCCPhCHCHPhCHCH), bearing identical solubilizing side chains at the phenylene rings of the polymers, are synthesized to study the effect of this structural alteration on the properties such as the photophysics, the electrochemical properties, the charge‐carrier mobility, and the morphology of the materials and its impact on their photovoltaic performance. The polymers are obtained in good yields with reasonable molecular weights and show solubility in ordinary organic solvents required for solution‐processing applications. The polymer with a basic thiophene ring at the X positions shows the highest open‐circuit voltage (VOC of 930 mV) and the polymer with a bithiophene unit at the X position shows the highest short‐circuit current density and charge‐carrier mobility, whereas the polymer with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene shows the lowest photovoltaic performance.
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A Multiple‐Responsive Self‐Healing Supramolecular Polymer Gel Network Based on Multiple Orthogonal Interactions
Authors: Zhan Jiayi , Zhang Mingming , Zhou Mi , Liu Bin , Chen Dong , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Qianqian , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun 
Published: June 2014

Supramolecular polymer networks have attracted considerable attention not only due to their topological importance but also because they can show some fantastic properties such as stimuli‐responsiveness and self‐healing. Although various supramolecular networks are constructed by supramolecular chemists based on different non‐covalent interactions, supramolecular polymer networks based on multiple orthogonal interactions are still rare. Here, a supramolecular polymer network is presented on the basis of the host–guest interactions between dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) and dibenzylammonium salts (DBAS), the metal–ligand coordination interactions between terpyridine and Zn(OTf)2, and between 1,2,3‐triazole and PdCl2(PhCN)2. The topology of the networks can be easily tuned from monomer to main‐chain supramolecular polymer and then to the supramolecular networks. This process is well studied by various characterization methods such as 1H NMR, UV–vis, DOSY, viscosity, and rheological measurements. More importantly, a supramolecular gel is obtained at high concentrations of the supramolecular networks, which demonstrates both stimuli‐responsiveness and self‐healing properties.
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Novel Polymeric Materials with Double Porosity: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Droumaguet Benjamin Le , Lacombe Romain , Ly Haï‐Bang , Carbonnier Benjamin , Grande Daniel 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis paper reports on two straightforward and versatile routes to functional doubly porous polymeric materials based on cross‐linked poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) via novel porogen templating methodologies. The quantitative removal of either CaCO3 particles or poly(methyl methacrylate) beads as macroporogens, in conjunction with either hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or a solvent as nanoporogens, led to the generation of macropores with dimensions in the 100 µm range, while the second porosity lied within the 1 µm order of magnitude, as evidenced by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The successful functionalization of such doubly porous PHEMA‐based frameworks was implemented through a straightforward two‐step chemical modification involving an activation stage, followed by the coupling of propargylamine as a model compound. Raman spectroscopy clearly indicated the occurrence of alkyne functionality within the biporous materials.
Particles Deposit Formation and Filtering: Numerical Simulation in the Suspension Flow Through a Dual Scale Fibrous Media
Authors: Haji Hind , Saouab Abdelghani , Park Chung Hae 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe present numerical simulation of particle filled resin flow through a fibrous medium taking into account dual scale porosity in LCM (Liquid Composite Molding) processes. During the flow, a strong interaction between the particle motion and the fluid flow takes place at the porous medium wall or at the fiber bundle surface. A model is developed to describe the particle deposition and filtering in the porous medium. In this study, the Stokes‐Darcy equation is solved to describe the resin flow in a mesoscopic scale. The particle deposition mechanism is extensively studied taking into account the influences from such parameters as porous medium permeability, particle size and pressure drop. The mechanism leading to the accelerated or delayed filling is treated by analyzing the velocity filed around the fiber bundle surface. Finally, particle filtering simulation is performed for different particle loading levels to demonstrate the particle deposition and filtering mechanism during the composites manufacturing by LCM processes where the resin mixed with particles is injected into a fiber preform with dual scale porosity.
Dimensional assessment of anxiety disorders in parents and children for DSM‐5
Authors: Möller Eline L. , Majdandžić Mirjana , Craske Michelle G. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe current shift in the DSM towards the inclusion of a dimensional component allows clinicians and researchers to demonstrate not only the presence or absence of psychopathology in an individual, but also the degree to which the disorder and its symptoms are manifested. This study evaluated the psychometric properties and utility of a set of brief dimensional scales that assess DSM‐based core features of anxiety disorders, for children and their parents. The dimensional scales and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED‐71), a questionnaire to assess symptoms of all anxiety disorders, were administered to a community sample of children (n = 382), aged 8–13 years, and their mothers (n = 285) and fathers (n = 255). The dimensional scales assess six anxiety disorders: specific phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. Children rated their own anxiety and parents their child's anxiety. The dimensional scales demonstrated high internal consistency (α > 0.78, except for father reported child panic disorder, for reason of lack of variation), and moderate to high levels of convergent validity (rs = 0.29–0.73). Children who exceeded the SCARED cutoffs scored higher on the dimensional scales than those who did not, providing preliminary support for the clinical sensitivity of the scales. Given their strong psychometric properties and utility for both child and parent report, addition of the dimensional scales to the DSM‐5 might be an effective way to incorporate dimensional measurement into the categorical DSM‐5 assessment of anxiety disorders in children. Copyright © 2014 American Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.
Highly Efficient and Stereoselective Construction of Bispirooxindole Derivatives via a Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xu Qin , Wang De , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of bispirooxindoles by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides from isatin and proline to different electron‐deficient alkenes has been developed. The synthesis affords the desired bispiro scaffold compounds in excellent yields with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. The stereochemistry was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Magnetic Resonance Access to Transiently Formed Protein Complexes
Authors: Sára Tomáš , Schwarz Thomas C. , Kurzbach Dennis , Wunderlich Christoph H. , Kreutz Christoph , Konrat Robert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractProtein–protein interactions are of utmost importance to an understanding of biological phenomena since non‐covalent and therefore reversible couplings between basic proteins leads to the formation of complex regulatory and adaptive molecular systems. Such systems are capable of maintaining their integrity and respond to external stimuli, processes intimately related to living organisms. These interactions, however, span a wide range of dissociation constants, from sub‐nanomolar affinities in tight complexes to high‐micromolar or even millimolar affinities in weak, transiently formed protein complexes. Herein, we demonstrate how novel NMR and EPR techniques can be used for the characterization of weak protein–protein (ligand) complexes. Applications to intrinsically disordered proteins and transiently formed protein complexes illustrate the potential of these novel techniques to study hitherto unobserved (and unobservable) higher‐order structures of proteins.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Configurationally Varied Azobenzene Glycosides
Authors: Chandrasekaran Vijayanand , Johannes Eugen , Kobarg Hauke , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSpatial orientation of carbohydrates is a meaningful parameter in carbohydrate recognition processes. To vary orientation of sugars with temporal and spatial resolution, photosensitive glycoconjugates with favorable photochromic properties appear to be opportune. Here, a series of azobenzene glycosides were synthesized, employing glycoside synthesis and Mills reaction, to allow “switching” of carbohydrate orientation by reversible E/Z isomerization of the azobenzene N=N double bond. Their photochromic properties were tested and effects of azobenzene substitution as well as the effect of anomeric configuration and the orientation of the sugars 2‐hydroxy group were evaluated.
Formulation and physical properties of cyanate ester nanocomposites based on graphene
Authors: Reams Josiah T. , Guenthner Andrew J. , Lamison Kevin R. , Yandek Gregory R. , Swanson David D. , Mabry Joseph M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the thermal, mechanical, and diffusion properties of bisphenol E based polycyanurate nanocomposites with three forms of graphene derived from sequential processing of the same carbon nanostructure. Edge‐functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were converted to graphene oxide (GO), then heated to produce thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO). All three reinforcements were individually mixed with the dicyanate ester of bisphenol E (LECy) at low loading levels and cured to form polycyanurate nanocomposites. GNP, with very low oxygen functionality, was incompatible with the cyanate ester, while the highly oxidized GO formed well‐dispersed (though not exfoliated) nanocomposites, with the TRGO forming a good dispersion on mixing but phase separating during cure. The addition of GO, and, to a lesser extent, TRGO, resulted in improved mechanical properties, particularly fracture toughness, with the addition of TRGO having a modestly negative effect on the glass transition temperature. Surprisingly, neither GO nor TRGO addition was effective at slowing down the diffusion of water in the polycyanurate, with the addition of both resulting in increased equilibrium moisture uptake. It thus appears that the trade‐off between dispersion and the required level of oxygen functionality acts in a manner to frustrate attempts at minimizing the permeation of water by addition of graphene‐based reinforcements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1061–1070
Influence of miRNA in insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance: micro‐molecules with a major role in type‐2 diabetes
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Doss C. George Priya , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe prevalence of type‐2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing significantly throughout the globe since the last decade. This heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, also known as insulin resistance, is caused by the disruption of the insulin signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the existence of various miRNAs involved in regulating the main protein cascades in the insulin signaling pathway that affect insulin resistance. The influence of miRNAs (miR‐7, miR‐124a, miR‐9, miR‐96, miR‐15a/b, miR‐34a, miR‐195, miR‐376, miR‐103, miR‐107, and miR‐146) in insulin secretion and beta (β) cell development has been well discussed. Here, we highlight the role of miRNAs in different significant protein cascades within the insulin signaling pathway such as miR‐320, miR‐383, miR‐181b with IGF‐1, and its receptor (IGF1R); miR‐128a, miR‐96, miR‐126 with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins; miR‐29, miR‐384‐5p, miR‐1 with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K); miR‐143, miR‐145, miR‐29, miR‐383, miR‐33a/b miR‐21 with AKT/protein kinase B (PKB) and miR‐133a/b, miR‐223, miR‐143 with glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia (high lipid levels in the blood) have a strong connection with T2D and several miRNAs influence these clinical outcomes such as miR‐143, miR‐103, and miR‐107, miR‐29a, and miR‐27b. We also corroborate from previous evidence how these interactions are related to insulin resistance and T2D. The insights highlighted in this review will provide a better understanding on the impact of miRNA in the insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance‐associated diagnostics and therapeutics for T2D. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:697–712. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1240This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Effect of Structure and Composition of Copper and Cobalt Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands on their DNA/Protein Interaction and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Li Peng , Niu Mao‐Fei , Niu Mei‐Ju , Hong Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFour transition metal complexes, namely Cu2Cl2(HL1)2 (1), Co(HL1)2 (2), Cu(HL2)2 (3), Co(HL2)3 (4) {H2L1 = 2‐{[2‐(2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)‐ethylimino]‐methyl}‐phenol, H2L2 = 3‐{[2‐(2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)‐ethylimino]‐methyl}‐naphthalen‐2‐ol} were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The interactions of these copper and cobalt complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were studied by absorption and emission titration spectroscopic methods. The interactions of these copper and cobalt complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were also investigated using fluorescence, UV/Vis, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Further, the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the complexes are examined on human colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT‐116) and human lung carcinoma cell line (A549).
National trends in school victimization among Asian American adolescents
Authors: Cooc North , Gee Kevin A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe “model minority” perception of Asian American students often ignores the academic and social challenges that many face in schools. One area that has received less attention is the school victimization experiences of Asian American adolescents. While some qualitative researchers have explored factors contributing to school victimization in recent years, missing in the literature is the scope of these incidents among Asian Americans. This paper contributes to this literature by (1) examining national trends in the victimization of Asian American adolescents in schools over the last decade and (2) investigating how victimization varies according to their gender, socioeconomic status, and achievement levels. The results show that although Asian American adolescents are consistently less likely to be bullied relative to other students, they are more likely to report experiences of racial discrimination. Victimization incidents for Asian Americans also differ by gender and academic achievement levels.