bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA helicase D1PAS1 resolves R-loops and forms a complex for mouse pachytene piRNA biogenesis required for male fertility
Authors: Choi Heejin , Zhou Lecong , Zhao Yangu , Dean Jurrien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During meiosis, RNA polymerase II transcribes pachytene piRNA precursors with unusually long and unspliced transcripts from discrete autosomal loci in the mouse genome. Despite the importance of piRNA for male fertility and a well-defined maturation process, the transcriptional machinery remains poorly understood. Here, we document that D1PAS1, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, is critical for pachytene piRNA expression from multiple genomic loci and subsequent translocation into the cytoplasm to ensure mature piRNA biogenesis. Depletion of D1PAS1 in gene-edited mice results in the accumulation of R-loops in pachytene spermatocytes, leading to DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, disruption of piRNA biogenesis, spermatogenic arrest, and male infertility. Transcriptome, genome-wide R-loop profiling, and proteomic analyses document that D1PAS1 regulates pachytene piRNA transcript elongation and termination. D1PAS1 subsequently forms a complex with nuclear export components to ensure pachytene piRNA precursor translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for processing into small non-coding RNAs. Thus, our study defines D1PAS1 as a specific transcription activator that promotes R-loop unwinding and is a critical factor in pachytene piRNA biogenesis.
Geminivirus C4/AC4 proteins hijack cellular COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I for chloroplast targeting and viral infections
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Ji Yinghua , Zhou Yijun , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Geminiviruses infect numerous crops and cause extensive agricultural losses worldwide. During viral infection, geminiviral C4/AC4 proteins relocate from the plasma membrane to chloroplasts, where they inhibit the production of host defense signaling molecules. However, mechanisms whereby C4/AC4 proteins are transported to chloroplasts are unknown. We report here that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I (COPI) components play a critical role in redistributing Tomato yellow leaf curl virus C4 protein to chloroplasts via an interaction between the C4 and β subunit of COPI. Coexpression of both proteins promotes the enrichment of C4 in chloroplasts that is blocked by a COPI inhibitor. Overexpressing or downregulating gene expression of COPI components promotes or inhibits the viral infection, respectively, suggesting a proviral role of COPI components. COPI components play similar roles in C4/AC4 transport and infections of two other geminiviruses: Beet curly top virus and East African cassava mosaic virus. Our results reveal an unconventional role of COPI components in protein trafficking to chloroplasts during geminivirus infection and suggest a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy in controlling geminivirus infections in plants.
Risk Factors Related to the Development of Full-thickness Pressure Injuries in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Nie Ann Marie , Hawkins-Walsh Elizabeth , Delmore Barbara 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Current pediatric pressure injury (PI) prevention measures are based on risk factors related to PI development in adults. Children offer a unique concern for PI development because their bodies are still developing, and their skin responds differently to external pressure.

OBJECTIVE
To explore risk factors for the development of full-thickness PIs in children aged 21 weeks’ gestation to 21 years.

METHODS
This retrospective, observational, correlational study included 799 hospitalized children who developed a PI. The pediatric and adult PI risk factors used in the study were identified from the International Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Guideline. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was used.

RESULTS
Multivariate analyses revealed that risk factors for predicting a full-thickness PI varied by age. For children aged 38 weeks to 12 months, risk factors included tissue perfusion and oxygenation: generalized edema, conditions of the OR, and nutrition deficits. For children aged 1 to 7 years, fragile skin status was a risk factor. For youth aged 8 to 21 years, the two risk factors were tissue perfusion and oxygenation: decreased oxygenation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Across the total sample, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, tissue perfusion and oxygenation: decreased oxygenation and malnutrition were risk factors for predicting a full-thickness PI.

CONCLUSIONS
Full-thickness PI risk factors differ among the ages of pediatric patients.
Evaluating Intensive Care Nurses’ Knowledge of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kılıç Meryem , Tuncay Asiye , Çakır Sümeyra Benan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the knowledge levels of nurses working in the ICU about incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD).

METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in adult ICUs at two private and three public hospitals in a province in Turkey. The study included 296 nurses who agreed to participate in the research. Researchers used the “Nurse Identification Form” and the “IAD Knowledge Test” to collect data on nurses’ IAD knowledge. Data analysis included the use of percentage distribution and the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.

RESULTS
The mean age of the nurses was 26.55 ± 3.89 years (range, 20-47 years), and the duration of working in the ICU was 2.71 ± 2.55 years (range, 1-22 years). Of the nurses, 183 (61.8%) worked in general ICUs. Of those, 69 (23.3%) received IAD training. Nurses achieved a 49.8% correct response rate on the IAD knowledge test. Nurses working in tertiary and general ICUs demonstrated higher IAD knowledge levels (Ps = .003 and .047, respectively). There were no relationships between age, career length, institution, ICU type, and IAD knowledge level.

CONCLUSIONS
Nurses’ knowledge level of IAD was low in intensive care. To remedy this, IAD should be added to intensive care nursing certificate programs as content, and the use of IAD risk assessment and diagnosis scales in ICUs should be expanded.
Proteomic Profiling of Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle Disuse in a Murine Model of Sepsis
Authors: Boeno Franccesco P. , Roesch Luiz Fernando W. , Efron Philip A. , Laitano Orlando 
Published: August 2024

CONTEXT:
Sepsis leads to multiple organ dysfunction and negatively impacts patient outcomes. Skeletal muscle disuse is a significant comorbidity in septic patients during their ICU stay due to prolonged immobilization.

HYPOTHESIS:
Combination of sepsis and muscle disuse will promote a unique proteomic signature in skeletal muscle in comparison to disuse and sepsis separately.

METHODS AND MODELS:
Following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or Sham surgeries, mice were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HLS) or maintained normal ambulation (NA). Tibialis anterior muscles from 24 C57BL6/J male mice were harvested for proteomic analysis. Proteomic profiles were assessed using nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, followed by data analysis including Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), to compare the differential protein expression across groups.

RESULTS:
A total of 2876 differentially expressed proteins were identified, with marked differences between groups. In mice subjected to CLP and HLS combined, there was a distinctive proteomic signature characterized by a significant decrease in the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial function and muscle metabolism, alongside a marked increase in proteins related to muscle degradation pathways. The PLS-DA demonstrated a clear separation among experimental groups, highlighting the unique profile of the CLP/HLS group. This suggests an important interaction between sepsis-induced inflammation and disuse atrophy mechanisms in sepsis-induced myopathy.

INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings reveal a complex proteomic landscape in skeletal muscle exposed to sepsis and disuse, consistent with an exacerbation of muscle protein degradation under these combined stressors. The identified proteins and their roles in cellular stress responses and muscle pathology provide potential targets for intervention to mitigate muscle dysfunction in septic conditions, highlighting the importance of addressing both sepsis and disuse concurrently in clinical and experimental settings.
Diverse Phenotypic Presentation of the Welander Distal Myopathy Founder Mutation, With Myopathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Same Family
Authors: Purcell Nicholas , Manousakis Georgios 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Welander distal myopathy is a rare myopathy with prominent and early involvement of distal upper extremity muscles, prevalent in individuals of Scandinavian origin, and caused by a founder mutation in the cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein (T-cell intracellular antigen-1; TIA1), E384K. Different pathogenic variants in the TIA1 gene, distinct from the founder 1, have recently been associated with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting that TIA1-related disorders belong to the group of multisystem proteinopathies. We describe the first case of a two-generation family with the founder E384K TIA1 mutation demonstrating phenotypic variability; the mother manifested as Welander myopathy, whereas 2 daughters manifested as ALS. No other genetic cause of ALS was found in 1 of the affected daughters. We also discuss the possible mechanisms explaining this pleotropic presentation of the founder mutation.
Obstructive Bilateral Renal Fungal Bezoars in an Extremely Premature Neonate Treated With Antifungals and Urokinase Irrigation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Davis Kimberly , Yap Natalie , Clark Megan , Bhatia Risha , Johnstone Lilian , Taghavi Kiarash , O’Brien Matthew , Ching Natasha , Carr Jeremy 
Published: August 2024

Background:
An ex-27-week gestation female infant developed bilateral forearm nodules at 4 weeks of life during treatment for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. A pure growth of Candida albicans was isolated on culture of both sterile aspiration of the forearm abscess and urine without evidence of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient went on to develop bilateral obstructive renal fungal bezoars at 11 weeks of life.

Results:
Bilateral nephrostomies were required to alleviate obstruction with the addition of local irrigation with amphotericin B deoxycholate. Two weeks later, urokinase via the nephrostomy tubes was added due to an unchanged appearance on ultrasound (US) and ongoing candiduria. A significant reduction in the size of bezoars was seen on US after 3 days. Sterilization of urine culture was achieved 7 weeks into treatment, and resolution of bezoars on US was seen 9 weeks after treatment began. No adverse events occurred from the use of local urokinase.

Conclusions:
Urokinase irrigation via nephrostomy is an effective and safe adjunctive treatment in refractory obstructive renal candidiasis in neonates.
Substantiating the Use of Tendotonometry for the Assessment of Achilles and Patellar Tendon Stiffness: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Dam Lotte , Fischer Rosanne , Baart Mireille , Zwerver Johannes 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To systematically describe the next relevant aspects of tendotonometry in (1) its validity and reliability, (2) differences between populations, (3) the effect of interventions, and (4) differences between healthy and symptomatic Achilles tendon (AT) and patellar tendon (PT).

Data Sources:
Three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and EBSCOhost) were systematically searched on the 10th of October 2023. All scientific literature concerning the use of tendotonometry in assessing tendon stiffness was collected. Articles were eligible if tendotonometry with a myotonometer digital palpation device was used to assess PT or AT stiffness in adults.

Main results:
Thirty-four studies were included, which were categorized into studies regarding the (1a) reliability and (1b) validity of tendotonometry, (2) differences in stiffness between populations, (3) changes in stiffness due to interventions, (4) stiffness of healthy compared with injured tendons, and (5) other observational studies. The inter-rater and intrarater reliability of tendotonometry appeared to be good in assessing AT and PT stiffness, with only moderate evidence for the AT and inconclusive evidence for the PT. There is high certainty evidence that tendotonometry can detect differences in AT and PT stiffness after training interventions. Inconsistent results were found for the adequacy of tendotonometry to detect differences in AT and PT stiffness between populations.

Conclusions:
This review shows a potential role for tendotonometry in measuring tendon stiffness. However, more research is needed for validating the use of tendotonometry in AT and PT and its exact clinical interpretation.
Circumstances and Pathological Findings in Civilian Helicopter-Related Fatalities
Authors: Tiemensma Marianne , Prahladh Salona , Byard Roger W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Helicopters are used worldwide in a range of commercial and private industries and are particularly useful in northern Australia due to the sparse population scattered over large distances with remote regions difficult to access by any other means of transport. Nine civilian helicopter-related fatalities were reported to the Northern Territory coroner between January 2004 and December 2023. The victims were all male (age range, 34–74 years; mean, 52 years). All fatal crashes occurred in remote areas, the majority on cattle stations. Pilots were the sole occupants in 5/9 incidents; in 4 incidents, there were injured survivors. All fatal incidents involved Robinson piston engine helicopters (Robinson R44 models in 2 incidents and Robinson R22 models in the remaining 7). Scene investigations, postmortem examinations, and ancillary investigations were frequently hampered by decomposition of the remains, resulting from difficult search operations and delayed location, retrieval, and storage. Head injuries were present in all cases with chest and spinal injuries in more than half. Integrated assessment of injuries with toxicological and aviation investigations facilitated understanding of the crash dynamics.
Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Moonen Chrit T.W. , Kilroy Joseph P. , Klibanov Alexander L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Invasive open surgery used to be compulsory to access tumor mass to perform excision or resection. Development of minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures followed, as well as catheter-based approaches, such as stenting, endovascular surgery, chemoembolization, brachytherapy, which minimize side effects and reduce the risks to patients. Completely noninvasive procedures bring further benefits in terms of reducing risk, procedure time, recovery time, potential of infection, or other side effects. Focusing ultrasound waves from the outside of the body specifically at the disease site has proven to be a safe noninvasive approach to localized ablative hyperthermia, mechanical ablation, and targeted drug delivery. Focused ultrasound as a medical intervention was proposed decades ago, but it only became feasible to plan, guide, monitor, and control the treatment procedures with advanced radiological imaging capabilities. The purpose of this review is to describe the imaging capabilities and approaches to perform these tasks, with the emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Some procedures already are in clinical practice, with more at the clinical trial stage. Imaging is fully integrated in the workflow and includes the following: (1) planning, with definition of the target regions and adjacent organs at risk; (2) real-time treatment monitoring via thermometry imaging, cavitation feedback, and motion control, to assure targeting and safety to adjacent normal tissues; and (3) evaluation of treatment efficacy, via assessment of ablation and physiological parameters, such as blood supply. This review also focuses on sonosensitive microparticles and nanoparticles, such as microbubbles injected in the bloodstream. They enable ultrasound energy deposition down to the microvascular level, induce vascular inflammation and shutdown, accelerate clot dissolution, and perform targeted drug delivery interventions, including focal gene delivery. Especially exciting is the ability to perform noninvasive drug delivery via opening of the blood-brain barrier at the desired areas within the brain. Overall, focused ultrasound under image guidance is rapidly developing, to become a choice noninvasive interventional radiology tool to treat disease and cure patients.
SQUIRE-SIM (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence for SIMulation)
Authors: Stone Kimberly P. , Rutman Lori , Calhoun Aaron W. , Reid Jennifer , Maa Tensing , Bajaj Komal , Auerbach Marc A. , Cheng Adam , Davies Louise , Deutsch Ellen , Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Kessler David O. , Ogrinc Greg , Patterson Mary , Thomas Anita , Doughty Cara ,   And for the International Network in Simulation-Based Innovation, Research and Education (INSPIRE) SQUIRE-SIM Reporting Guidelines Investigators
Published: August 2024

Introduction
With increased incorporation of simulation-based methodologies into quality improvement activities, standards for reporting on simulation-specific elements in healthcare improvement research are needed.

Methods
We followed established consensus process methodology to iteratively create simulation-based extensions for SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines. Initial steps involved forming a steering committee, defining the scope, and conducting premeeting activities with an expert panel of simulation and quality improvement researchers. Recommendations from the expert panel were brought to a consensus meeting where existing guidelines were reviewed and recommendations made. Steering Committee members reviewed all recommendations, reconciled differences, and made final recommendations, which were piloted by experienced simulation and quality improvement researchers.

Results
Fifteen Steering Committee members, 59 experts in simulation and quality improvement research, and 86 consensus meeting attendees reviewed SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines and ultimately recommended simulation-based reporting guidelines for 22 of the 41 (54%) SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines. Those items for which simulation-based extensions were identified were: Notes to Authors, 1 (Title), 2a (Abstract), 2b (Abstract), 4 (Introduction: Available knowledge), 5 (Introduction: Rationale), 7 and 8a & b (Methods: Context and intervention), 9a (Methods – Study of the intervention), 9b (Methods – Study of the intervention), 10a (Methods – Measures), 10b (Methods-Measures), 10c (Methods-Measures), 11b (Methods- Analysis), 12 (Methods – Ethical considerations), 13a (Results), 13e (Results), 14b (Discussion – Summary), 15a-e (Discussion – Interpretation), 16a (Discussion – Limitations), 16b (Discussion – Limitations), 17c (Discussion – Conclusions), and 17d (Discussion – Conclusions).

Conclusions
We created simulation-based extensions to SQUIRE 2.0 reporting guidelines to improve the quality and standardization of reporting on simulation-specific elements of healthcare improvement research.
LncRNA PVT1 in brain injury induced by deep hypothermia and low flow
Authors: Yang Yuzhong , Ma Siyu , Zang Xiaodong , Mo Xuming 
Published: August 2024

AimsTo analyze the role of lncRNA PVT1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by deep hypothermia low flow (DHLF).Methods and resultsA total of 72 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in the brain tissue of DHLF mice. PVT1 expression was significantly downregulated in DHLF mouse brain tissue, preoperative and postoperative blood samples from children undergoing DHLF extracorporeal circulation, and hOGD-treated cells. In the mouse model, the DHLF group with PVT1 overexpression had heavier brain tissue damage than the control group; apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species level and caspase-3 enzyme activity were significantly higher in the lenti-PVT1 group than in the lenti-control group. Compared those in the lenti-control group, the total distance traveled, distance of action in the center, number of entering the center, average speed of walking reduced, and the distance of walking in the periphery and and peripheral walking distance increased in the lenti-PVT1 group. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified the possible binding sites between PVT1, miR-148a-3p and MKL1. In the animal model, cellular model, and blood samples of children experiencing DHLF, miR-148a-3p expression increased and MKL1 expression decreased. In experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, PVT1 and MKL1 expression increased, and miR-148a-3p expression decreased. Meanwhile MKL1 inhibitor CCG1423 reversed the apoptosis in neuronal cells.ConclusionPVT1 may adsorb miR-148a-3p to regulate the expression of MKL1, a downstream gene of miR-148a-3p, a mechanism promoting the apoptosis of neuronal cells in DHLF mice.
Privacy Protection of Sexually Transmitted Infections Information from Chinese Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Gong Mengchun , Yu Yue , Ouyang Zihao , Shi Wenzhao , Liu Chao , Wang Qilin , Nan Jiale , Cai Endi , Ding Fen , Nie Sheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo formulate an efficacious approach for safeguarding the privacy information of electronic medical records.DesignChinese patient electronic medical record text information.SettingThe Chinese Renal Disease Data System database.Participants3,233,174 patients between 1 Jan. 2010 and 31 Dec. 2023.Main outcome measuresAnnotated patient privacy fields and the effectiveness of privacy protectionResultsWe have developed an automated tool named EPSTII, designed to protect the privacy of patients’ sexually transmitted infection information within medical records. Through the refinement of keywords and the integration of expert knowledge, EPSTII currently achieves a 100% accuracy and recall rate. Our privacy protection measures have reached a 99.5% success rate, ensuring the utmost protection of STI patients’ privacy. As the first large-scale investigation into privacy leakage and STI identification in Chinese electronic medical records, our research paves the way for the future development of patient privacy protection laws in China and the advancement of more sophisticated tools.ConclusionsThe EPSTII method demonstrates a feasible and effective approach to protect privacy in electronic medical records from 19 hospitals, offering comprehensive insights for infectious disease research using Chinese electronic medical records, with protocols tailored for accurate STI data extraction and enhanced protection compared to traditional methods.