bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing advanced practice for medical imaging in New Zealand
Authors: Yielder Jill , Young Adrienne , Park Shelley , Coleman Karen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis article presents the outcome and recommendations following the second stage of a role development project conducted on behalf of the New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology (NZIMRT). The study sought to support the development of profiles and criteria that may be used to formulate Advanced Scopes of Practice for the profession. It commenced in 2011, following on from initial research that occurred between 2005 and 2008 investigating role development and a possible career structure for medical radiation technologists (MRTs) in New Zealand (NZ).MethodsThe study sought to support the development of profiles and criteria that could be used to develop Advanced Scopes of Practice for the profession through inviting 12 specialist medical imaging groups in NZ to participate in a survey.ResultsFindings showed strong agreement on potential profiles and on generic criteria within them; however, there was less agreement on specific skills criteria within specialist areas.ConclusionsThe authors recommend that one Advanced Scope of Practice be developed for Medical Imaging, with the establishment of generic and specialist criteria. Systems for approval of the overall criteria package for any individual Advanced Practitioner (AP) profile, audit and continuing professional development requirements need to be established by the Medical Radiation Technologists Board (MRTB) to meet the local needs of clinical departments. It is further recommended that the NZIMRT and MRTB promote and support the need for an AP pathway for medical imaging in NZ.
Susceptibility‐based analysis of dynamic gadolinium bolus perfusion MRI
Authors: Bonekamp David , Barker Peter B. , Leigh Richard , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Li Xu 
Published: February 2014

PurposeAn algorithm is developed for the reconstruction of dynamic, gadolinium (Gd) bolus MR perfusion images of the human brain, based on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).MethodsThe method is evaluated in five perfusion scans obtained from four different patients scanned at 3 Tesla, and compared with the conventional analysis based on changes in the transverse relaxation rate ΔR2* and to theoretical predictions. QSM images were referenced to ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for each dynamic of the perfusion sequence.ResultsImages of cerebral blood flow and blood volume were successfully reconstructed from the QSM‐analysis, and were comparable to those reconstructed using ΔR2*. The magnitudes of the Gd‐associated susceptibility effects in gray and white matter were consistent with theoretical predictions.ConclusionQSM‐based analysis may have some theoretical advantages compared with ΔR2*, including a simpler relationship between signal change and Gd concentration. However, disadvantages are its much lower contrast‐to‐noise ratio, artifacts due to respiration and other effects, and more complicated reconstruction methods. More work is required to optimize data acquisition protocols for QSM‐based perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 73:544–554, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of multiple‐breath washout equipment for infants and young children
Authors: Schmidt Anne , Yammine Sophie , Proietti Elena , Frey Urs , Latzin Philipp , Riedel Thomas , Singer Florian 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe new ATS/ERS consensus report recommends in vitro validation of multiple‐breath inert gas washout (MBW) equipment based on a lung model with simulated physiologic conditions. We aimed to assess accuracy of two MBW setups for infants and young children using this model, and to compare functional residual capacity (FRC) from helium MBW (FRCMBW) with FRC from plethysmography (FRCpleth) in vivo.MethodsThe MBW setups were based on ultrasonic flow meter technology. Sulfur hexafluoride and helium were used as tracer gases. We measured FRC in vitro for specific model settings with and without carbon dioxide and calculated differences of measured to generated FRC. For in vivo evaluation, difference between FRCMBW and FRCpleth was calculated in 20 healthy children, median age 6.1 years. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated per FRC.ResultsIn the infant model (51 runs, FRC 80–300 ml), mean (SD) relative difference between generated and measured FRCs was 0.7 (4.7) %, median CV was 4.4% for measured FRCs. In the young child model, one setting (8 runs, FRC 400 ml) showed a relative difference of up to 13%. For the remaining FRCs (42 runs, FRC 600–1,400 ml), mean (SD) relative difference was −2.0 (3.4) %; median CV was 1.4% for measured FRCs. In vivo FRCpleth exceeded FRCMBW values by 37% on average.ConclusionsBoth setups measure lung volumes in the intended age group reliably and reproducibly. Characteristics of different techniques should be considered when measuring lung volumes in vivo. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:607–614. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptions of time in relation to climate change
Authors: Pahl Sabine , Sheppard Stephen , Boomsma Christine , Groves Christopher 
Published: February 2014

Time is at the heart of understanding climate change, from the perspective of both natural and social scientists. This article selectively reviews research on time perception and temporal aspects of decision making in sociology and psychology. First we briefly describe the temporal dimensions that characterize the issue of climate change. Second, we review relevant theoretical approaches and empirical findings. Then we propose an integration of these insights for the problem of climate change and discuss mismatches between the human mind, surrounding social dynamics, and climate change. Finally, we discuss the implications of this article for understanding and responding to climate change, and make suggestions on how we can use the strengths of the human mind and social dynamics to communicate climate change in its temporal context.This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Woodfuel in a global change context
Authors: Gazull Laurent , Gautier Denis 
Published: February 2014

The use of woodfuel to meet the demand for energy has regularly reappeared on both European and African political agendas over the last 50 years. In the 1980s, it no longer seemed necessary or even desirable to use wood to meet energy demand. But in the last decade, energy specialists, economists, industrialists, and politicians have begun to (re)consider woodfuel as a sector worthy of interest given the rising fuel prices, fuel scarcity, and increasing awareness of climatic change. At present, the hopes, the debates, and the progresses surrounding uses of woodfuel are very different in northern and southern countries, but the trends and challenges appear to converge. In this paper, we argue that woodfuel has the potential to fulfill the increased energy demand and to play a sustainable role in the energy sector. But anxieties and lock‐ins remain. Many forestry specialists and environmentalists are putting up ideological resistance. Others question the capacity of existing forests to meet this increased demand in a sustainable way. At the very least, a trend toward industrialization and privatization of the woodfuel sector would have major implications for ownership and forest management. However, despite concerns surrounding woodfuel, we argue that the extent of the energy demand to be met and the pressure from new private industrial players will oblige the forestry sector to broaden its position. It will have to consider the possibility of entering a new transformative era that not only includes woodfuel but also has implications for forest management, rights of access, justice, and sustainability. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:156–170. doi: 10.1002/wene.115This article is categorized under:

Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Time series motif discovery: dimensions and applications
Authors: Mueen Abdullah 
Published: February 2014

Time series motifs are repeated segments in a long time series that, if exist, carry precise information about the underlying source of the time series. Motif discovery in time series data has received significant attention in the data mining community since its inception, principally because, motif discovery is meaningful and more likely to succeed when the data is large.Algorithms for motif discovery generally deal with three aspects the definition of the motifs, domain based preprocessing, and finally, the algorithmic steps. Typical definitions of motifs signify the similarity or the support of the motifs. Domains impose preprocessing requirements to meaningful motif finding such as data alignment, interpolation, and transformation. Motif discovery algorithms vary based on exact or approximate evaluation of the definition. In addition, algorithms require different representations [Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX), DFT etc.] and similarity measures [correlation, dynamic time warping (DTW) distance etc.] for time series segments. In this paper, we discuss these three facets in detail with examples taken from the literature.We briefly describe a set of applications of time series motif in various domains and elaborate on a certain application in entomology to analyze insect behavior.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Electric and Magnetic Properties of LaVO2.78N0.10
Authors: Yoon Songhak , Maegli Alexandra E. , Karvonen Lassi , Shkabko Andrey , Populoh Sascha , Gałązka Krzysztof , Sagarna Leyre , Aguirre Myriam H. , Jakes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger A. , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Pokrant Simone , Weidenkaff Anke 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPerovskite‐type LaVO2.78N0.10 powder was synthesized by thermal ammonolysis of the oxide precursor LaVO4. By X‐ray, neutron, and electron diffraction an orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Pnma was identified. XANES spectra showed that the oxidation state of vanadium changes from 5+ in LaVO4 to approximately 3+ in LaVO2.78N0.10. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity revealed an Arrhenius‐type behavior with an activation energy of 0.103 eV in the temperature range of 119–302 K indicating that the conduction process is thermally activated band transition. Based on the positive Seebeck coefficient, holes were identified as the dominant charge carriers in the temperature range of 100–302 K. Both the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity showed an anomaly at 138 K, which is attributed to the Néel temperature for antiferromagnetic ordering according to magnetic susceptibility measurements.
15‐Lipoxygenase‐Mediated Modification of HDL3 Impairs eNOS Activation in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cutuli Lucia , Pirillo Angela , Uboldi Patrizia , Kuehn Hartmut , Catapano Alberico L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCaveolae are cholesterol and glycosphingolipids‐enriched microdomains of plasma membranes. Caveolin‐1 represents the major structural protein of caveolae, that also contain receptors and molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Caveolae are particularly abundant in endothelial cells, where they play important physiological and pathological roles in regulating endothelial cell functions. Several molecules with relevant functions in endothelial cells are localized in caveolae, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which regulates the production of nitric oxide, and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI), which plays a key role in the induction of eNOS activity mediated by high density lipoproteins (HDL). HDL have several atheroprotective functions, including a positive effect on endothelial cells, as it is a potent agonist of eNOS through the interaction with SR‐BI. However, the oxidative modification of HDL may impair their protective role. In the present study we evaluated the effect of 15‐lipoxygenase‐mediated modification of HDL3 on the expression and/or activity of some proteins localized in endothelial caveolae and involved in the nitric oxide generation pathway. We found that after modification, HDL3 failed to activate eNOS and to induce NO production, due to both a reduced ability to interact with its own receptor SR‐BI and to a reduced expression of SR‐BI in cells exposed to modified HDL. These findings suggest that modification of HDL may reduce its endothelial‐protective role also by interfering with vasodilatory function of HDL.
Recent Trends in Coverage of the Mexican-Born Population of the United States: Results From Applying Multiple Methods Across Time
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Bean Frank D. , Bachmeier James D. , Tucker Catherine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The accuracy of counts of U.S. racial/ethnic and immigrant groups depends on the coverage of the foreign-born in official data. Because Mexicans constitute by far the largest single national-origin group among the foreign-born in the United States, we compile new evidence about the coverage of the Mexican-born population in the 2000 census and 2001–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) using three techniques: a death registration, a birth registration, and a net migration method. For the late 1990s and first half of the 2000–2010 decade, results indicate that coverage error was somewhat higher than currently assumed but had substantially declined by the latter half of the 2000–2010 decade. Additionally, we find evidence that U.S. census and ACS data miss substantial numbers of children of Mexican immigrants, as well as people who are most likely to be unauthorized: namely, working-aged Mexican immigrants (ages 15–64), especially males. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of the Mexican foreign-born population and the ways in which migration dynamics may affect population coverage.
Visual Impersonation — Population Registration, Reference Books and Identification in the Eastern Cape, 1950s–1960s
Authors: Rizzo Lorena 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper looks at the population registration and issuing of reference books in the Transkei in the 1950s and 1960s. Thedompasbecame the iconic object of apartheid policing within the logic of urban racial segregation and capitalist labour exploitation. The analysis proposed here investigates population registration through the lens of materiality and visuality. It sketches the visual economies that facilitated the scheme in a rural area and explores the role of photography in one of apartheid’s most notorious administrative schemes. Along the lines of Walter Benjamin’s reflections on technological mediation the paper retraces how thedompasas an image/object oscillated between panoptic surveillance and subaltern contestation.
Sociopolitical Crisis and the Reconstruction of Sustainable Periurban Agriculture in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Babo Alfred 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:This article examines the effects of the post-2002 sociopolitical crisis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, on urban and peri-urban agriculture. Based on the case study of Abidjan, it argues for a conceptualization of sustainability that includes social as well as environmental dimensions and focuses on coping strategies of producers and merchants. In Abidjan, these strategies included internal migration within the city and its periphery, the use of organic fertilizers, and changes in market structure. The study illustrates how such strategies allowed producers to continue to supply produce to the market, despite the difficulties of war.
The life cycle ofSclerocollum saudiiAl-Jahdali, 2010 (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) in amphipod and fish hosts from the Red Sea
Authors: Al-Jahdali M.O. , Hassanine R.M. El-Said , Touliabah H. El-S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe rhadinorhynchidSclerocollum saudiiAl-Jahdali, 2010 was found in the intestine of its type host,SiganusrivulatusForsskål & Niebuhr, 1775, a siganid fish permanently resident in a lagoon within the mangrove swamps found on the Egyptian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba (between 28°7′N and 28°18′N). Larval forms of this acanthocephalan (acanthors, acanthellae and cystacanths) were only found inMegaluropus agilisHoek, 1889 (Crustacea: Gammaridae), a benthic amphipod abundant on algae and seagrasses in the lagoon. So, this life cycle ofS. saudiiwas elucidated under semi-natural conditions: embryonated eggs ofS. saudiiwere directly ingested by the amphipod and hatched in its intestine; the released acanthor penetrated the intestinal epithelium in 12–18 h to reach the connective tissue serosa, where it remained for about 3 days, then penetrated the intestinal wall and remained attached to its outer surface for 4 days. It then detached and dropped free in the amphipod haemocoel and transformed into an oval acanthella, growing for 16 days to reach the cystacanth stage. The cystacanth at 46 days post-infection was infective to fish (excysted in its intestine as an active juvenile). Male and female juveniles reached maturity 17 and 23 days post-infection. Recently copulated females first appeared 26 days post-infection and all females seemed to be copulated at 28 days post-infection; partially and fully gravid females first appeared 31 and 35 days post-infection. Mature males and fully gravid females started to die off naturally 31 and 43 days post-infection and were totally expelled from the fish intestine by 42 and 52 days post-infection. The cycle was completed in 89 days and is similar to other known palaeacanthocephalan life cycles, but has its own characteristics.
Paper patching of the tympanic membrane as a symptomatic treatment for patulous eustachian tube syndrome
Authors: Boedts M 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground:Application of one or several paper patches on the tympanic membrane can improve autophony and other symptoms in some patients with a patulous eustachian tube.Method:The charts of 21 patients treated for patulous eustachian tube syndrome between 2006 and 2011 were studied for subjective improvement of symptoms following the application of paper patches.Results:Paper patching of the tympanic membrane provided symptomatic relief in 76.2 per cent of patients; relief was permanent in 50 per cent of these patients.Conclusion:Paper patching of the tympanic membrane is a simple and effective means of temporarily or permanently alleviating patulous eustachian tube syndrome symptoms. It is postulated that the patches decrease the admittance of low- to mid-frequency acoustic input at the tympanic membrane by increasing the stiffness of the tympanic membrane, thereby counteracting the middle-ear cushion effect caused by the open eustachian tube.
Seasonal dynamics of the cestode fauna in spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthias(Squaliformes: Squalidae)
Authors: PICKERING MARIA , CAIRA JANINE N. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis study furthers understanding of cestode infections in a marine environment through time and space by following seasonal fluctuations in infection parameters of three cestode species (Gilquinia squali, Trilocularia gracilisandPhyllobothrium squali) parasitizing spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the northwest Atlantic and comparing them to work previously published from the northeast Atlantic onT. gracilis. For each cestode species, host size, season and presence of the other cestode species were analysed using generalized linear models to determine if they were good predictors of prevalence and intensity. Infection parameters differed across season for the three cestode species. However, withinT. gracilisseasonal trends were found to be remarkably similar on both sides of the Atlantic, differing only in a somewhat delayed decline in prevalence in the northwest Atlantic. The differences seen in infection measures across cestode species likely reflect the unique life history strategies of different parasite species. While general trends appear to be maintained across disparate localities, variation seen is likely due to differences in accessibility to intermediate hosts and host diet across sites. The knowledge gained from understanding cestode infections in the vast ocean environment allows us to speculate about the factors driving fluctuations in parasite infections in elasmobranchs.
Daring to tell: the importance of telling others about a diagnosis of dementia
Authors: WEAKS DOT , WILKINSON HEATHER , McLEOD JOHN 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTLearning to live with a diagnosis of dementia is a complex process. Being able to talk about the diagnosis to others represents a major challenge for some people with dementia. This study explores the experiences of people with dementia, and members of their families, around the task of informing others during the six months immediately following their diagnosis of dementia. Five people with dementia living in the community, and their immediate family members, were recruited into an ethnographic study. Data were collected through recorded interviews and participant observation, and were analysed through a grounded theory method within a continuing iterative process. Findings suggest that participants recognised the need to tell others about their diagnosis but these conversations were difficult to initiate and manage, and hindered the processing of emotions. Findings are discussed in relation to implications for practice.
UNIT ROOTS IN LIFE—A GRADUATE STUDENT STORY
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. 
Published: February 2014

On the evening of March 7, 2008, the New Zealand Econometric Study Group Meeting held its Conference Dinner. The venue was the Owen Glenn Building, the spectacular new home of the Auckland Business School and the Department of Economics at the University of Auckland. The meeting was organized by my colleagues, co-authors, and close companions Donggyu Sul and Chirok Han. Chirok did double duty by videotaping the evening, Donggyu coordinated festivities with consummate skill, and we settled in to a memorable evening.Econometricians, old friends, former students, two of my former teachers, faculty, and senior administrators were gathered together to celebrate my 60th birthday. Many had traveled long distances from overseas and navigated busy schedules to come to this event. It was a singular honor. My wife and daughter were with me. Opening speeches from Bas Sharp and John McDermott broke the ice with endearing tales from the past and jokes about some mysterious hole in my vita. I stood at the front table, looked out, and felt a glow of fellowship envelop me. I was fortunate indeed. Life had bestowed many gifts. The warmth of family, friends, and collegiality were at the top of the list. My education and early training in New Zealand were a clear second.What follows is a graduate student story. It draws on the first part of the speech I gave that evening at the NZESG conference dinner. It mixes personal reflections with recollections of the extraordinary New Zealanders who shaped my thinking as a graduate student and beginning researcher—people who have had an enduring impact on my work and career as an econometrician. The story traces out these human initial conditions and unit roots that figure in my early life of teaching and research.