bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective Activity of Herbal Preparation (Hp-4) against Alcohol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Padmanabhan P. , Jangle S. N. 
Published: March 2014

Free radicals include both Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS).When free radicals are produced in a regulated manner in a healthy human body it is scavenged efficiently by antioxidant defense system. But excess generation of pro-oxidants by continuous chain reaction in the form of ROS and RNS cause several human diseases. The shift of the balance in the favour of pro-oxidants results in a condition called “oxidative stress”. Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver to generate ROS and RNS, leading to diseases such as cirrhosis, fatty liver and chronic hepatitis. Alcohol induced damage is associated with oxidative stress. The excess generation of prooxidants and reduced antioxidant levels provide an effective model of Hepatotoxicity which is noteworthy. Recent trend is to discover polyherbal formulation of medicinal plants which have hepatoprotective function. In the present study 80% alcoholic extract of leaves of Aloe vera, Bacopa monniera, Moringa oleifera and rhizome of Zingiber officinale were utilized to prepare Herbal Preparation or HP-4.Further the hepatoprotective effects of HP-4 was tested in alcohol induced Hepatotoxicity in mice. Silymarin is a well known hepatoprotective drug was used as a standard for comparison. Biochemical and histopathological studies provided ample evidence that HP-4 provided a hepatoprotective role in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity which was comparable to drug Silymarin. The presence of phytochemicals in HP-4 provided a synergistic, supra-additive and co-operative effects in the hepatoprotective function in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity mice model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9346 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 50-58
Seasonal Variation of Arsenic Concentration in Ground Water of Nawalparasi District of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Rajib Kumar , Regmi Dipak , Kafle Bhim P. 
Published: March 2014

Ground water of southern part of Nepal, also known as Terai region where population density is relatively very high, has been contaminated with poisonous element Arsenic. This study has been carried out to determine variability of the level of arsenic contamination in groundwater with seasons of Pathkhauli village of Devgaun VDC and Mahuwa village of Manari VDC in Nawalparasi district, the western Terai district. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HG-AAS) and UV-visible Spectrophotometry was used for analysis. Total 55 groundwater samples in post-monsoon season and 45 groundwater samples in pre-monsoon season were collected. The level of arsenic contamination in groundwater was found above the Nepal interim standard of 50 ppb. Of the total 42 water samples from each pre- and post- monsoon seasons analyzed, 28 water samples (67.67%) showed higher As-concentration in pre-monsoon season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9477 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 59-63
The bedrock topography of Starbuck Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, as determined by radio-echo soundings and flow modeling
Authors: Farinotti Daniel , King Edward C. , Albrecht Anika , Huss Matthias , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA glacier-wide ice-thickness distribution and bedrock topography is presented for Starbuck Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula. The results are based on 90 km of ground-based radio-echo sounding lines collected during the 2012/13 field season. Cross-validation with ice-thickness measurements provided by NASA's IceBridge project reveals excellent agreement. Glacier-wide estimates are derived using a model that calculates distributed ice thickness, calibrated with the radio-echo soundings. Additional constraints are obtained from in situ ice flow-speed measurements and the surface topography. The results indicate a reverse-sloped bed extending from a riegel occurring ~ 5 km upstream of the current grounding line. The deepest parts of the glacier are as much as 500 m below sea level. The calculated total volume of 80.7 ± 7.2 km3corresponds to an average ice thickness of 312 ± 30 m.
Multichannel surface clutter suppression: East Antarctica P-band SAR ice sounding in the presence of grating lobes
Authors: Bekaert David , Gebert Nicolas , Lin Chung-Chi , Hélière Florence , Dall Jørgen , Kusk Anders , Savstrup Kristensen Steen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIce sounding with radar is a well-established technique for the retrieval of ice depth, and provides information on ice structures and layering. Airborne radar ice sounders suffer from off-nadir surface clutter that masks the signal from bedrock and ice layers with unwanted but simultaneously received surface reflections. This is of importance for future satellite ice-sounding missions, as the spaceborne geometry leads to strong surface clutter even for deep subsurface returns. This paper presents analysis and comparison of different clutter-suppression techniques applied to data acquired with the European Space Agency's P-band POLarimetric Airborne Radar Ice Sounder (POLARIS). The 4 m long antenna of POLARIS enables simultaneous reception of up to four across-track channels. It was operated in 2011 over Antarctica at a high flight altitude of 3200 m. Different coherent weighting techniques of the receive channels were used to suppress the surface ‘clutter’. However, with a channel spacing of 1.4 times the wavelength, the grating lobe imposes a limitation to the off-nadir angular range in which clutter can be effectively attenuated. Results of ice sounding over Jutulstraumen glacier are described, where we demonstrate a clutter suppression of up to 10 dB.
Mapping and interpretation of bed-reflection power from a surge-type polythermal glacier, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Wilson Nat J. , Flowers Gwenn E. , Mingo Laurent 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBed-reflection power (BRP) from ice-penetrating radar has been used to make inferences about subglacial conditions and processes, yet is subject to confounding influences, including englacial attenuation and bed geometry. We use radar data collected in 2008–11 from a polythermal glacier to compute BRP with the aim of relating BRP to basal conditions. We examine the relationship between raw BRP and ice thickness, apparent bed slope and thickness of the englacial scattering layer as a proxy for internal reflection power. We then analyze a corrected form of the BRP with a graph-segmentation algorithm to delineate areas of high and low reflection power. Low corrected BRP values are found near the glacier terminus where the bed is most likely to be cold, while high corrected BRP is found in the region thought to be undergoing a slow surge. We find a spatial correlation between high BRP and high values of subglacial hydraulic upstream area, suggestive of a hydrological control on BRP. Whereas in dominantly cold glaciers BRP seems to distinguish cold from temperate regions of the bed, BRP in a polythermal glacier with a substantial volume of temperate ice may be a more complex product of thermal and hydrological conditions.
Sex Differences in Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality among HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Europe, Canada and the US
Authors:   The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC)*, Jarrin Inma , Moreno Santiago , Ingle Sue , May Margaret T , Sterling Timothy R , Justice Amy , Bickel Markus , Crane Heidi , Mugavero Michael J , De Wolf Frank , Jung Norma , Cescon Angela , Garcia Isabel , Elzi Luigia , Arminio Antonella d , Krause Murielle Mary , Smith Colette , Guest Jodie , Hessamfar Mojgan , Gill John , Sterne Jonathan AC , del Amo Julia 
Published: March 2014

Background Here, we aimed to evaluate regional differences in all-cause, AIDS- and non-AIDS-related mortality in HIV-positive men and women started on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Europe, Canada and the US. Methods The ART Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) combines 19 cohorts of individuals started on cART in Europe and North America (NA). We analysed patients infected via injecting drug use (IDU) or heterosexual sex using Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 32,443 European (45.9% women), 1,162 (32.5% women) Canadian and 2,721 (15.5% women) US patients were included. In Europe and NA, women were younger, more likely to have acquired HIV heterosexually, be AIDS-free and have higher CD4+ T-cell counts and lower HIV-1 RNA at baseline. European women had lower rates of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% CI 0.68, 0.84) and non-AIDS mortality (0.67; 0.57, 0.78) than men, but AIDS-mortality rates were similar (0.90; 0.75, 1.09). Women had lower mortality due to non-AIDS infections (0.6 versus 1.3 per 1,000 person-years), liver diseases (0.4 versus 1.7), non-AIDS malignancies (0.6 versus 2.0) and cardiovascular diseases (0.6 versus 1.0). Between-sex differences in all-cause mortality were larger in heterosexuals (0.70; 0.61, 0.80) than in IDU (0.88; 0.73, 1.05; interaction P-value =0.043). No sex differences in all-cause mortality were found in Canada (hazard ratio women 1.13; 0.82, 1.56) or US (hazard ratio women 1.12; 0.79, 1.58). Conclusions The increasing importance of non-AIDS mortality is leading to emergent sex differences among HIV-positive patients in Europe, as in the general population. Despite the better clinical characteristics at cART initiation, women in NA had similar mortality to men.
Stress et satisfaction au travail des cadres intermédiaires dans les hôpitaux de Suisse romande dans un contexte de réformes
Authors: Giauque David , Resenterra Fabien , Siggen Michaël 
Published: March 2014

L’article vise à identifier les déterminants du stress et de la satisfaction au travail parmi une population de cadres intermédiaires exerçant dans des établissements hospitaliers de Suisse romande. Il vise également à combler un vide dans les études sur les administrations publiques suisses : mieux saisir, au moyen d’une enquête par questionnaires, quelles sont les principales variables qui se trouvent à l’origine de la satisfaction au travail et qui peuvent être des ressources pour les acteurs afin de faire face au stress. L’étude confirme des résultats de recherches internationales, montrant que des facteurs relationnels et des caractéristiques du travail sont les principaux déterminants du stress et de la satisfaction. Elle souligne dès lors l’importance d’adopter une lecture « structurelle » et « organisationnelle » du stress et de la satisfaction, soulignant aussi que les caractéristiques individuelles de la population étudiée n’expliquent qu’une très infime variance de ces phénomènes.
Le passé de l'Europe est-il le futur de l'Asie ?
Authors: Young-kwan Yoon 
Published: March 2014

De troublantes similitudes existent entre l’Asie d’aujourd’hui et l’Europe d’avant 1914. La Chine exige de jouer un rôle à la mesure de ses ambitions, comme l’Allemagne à la fin du xix e siècle. La puissance dominante, les États-Unis, ne sait pas plus limiter l’expansion de la puissance émergente que la Grande-Bretagne il y a un siècle. Face à l’exacerbation du nationalisme en Asie, les leçons de la Première Guerre mondiale doivent être retenues pour éviter une escalade dangereuse.
Le courage du héros n'est pas sans risque
Authors: Levy Sydney 
Published: March 2014

Le héros adolescent ne manque pas de courage : il court vers la mort. Pour autant, il n’est pas sûr qu’en cela réside son plus grand risque. Paradoxalement, son courage peut l’emporter vers une recherche de sensations propres à la démesure. Cet élan ferait, alors, et sous certaines conditions, basculer son acte dans une rage meurtrière, l’éloignant ainsi de ses motivations premières. Le combat laisserait la place au massacre.
Malraux, héros adolescent
Authors: Drossart Francis 
Published: March 2014

À travers l’œuvre et la vie d’André Malraux, sont abordées ici les deux problématiques indissolublement liées chez le héros adolescent : celle de la mort librement acceptée et celle de la fraternité assumée sans réserve. À propos du processus de l’adolescence, je reprendrai ici la formulation de Piera Aulagnier, selon laquelle ce processus repose sur un « fonds d’auto-historicité » toujours remis en jeu par sa « confrontation à des possibles relationnels ». C’est précisément ce double mouvement qui me paraît au centre de la saga malrucienne, faite de prises de risque, de coups d’éclat et de coup de dés qui, selon l’expression de Mallarmé « n’aboliront jamais le hasard ».
Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) et la femme soldat
Authors: Tréhel Gilles 
Published: March 2014

Magnus Hirschfeld est un médecin allemand. Il a consacré son travail à la sexologie. Pendant la première guerre mondiale, il acquiert une expérience dont il fera état dans plusieurs ouvrages. En Allemagne, seuls les hommes peuvent être enrôlés. Pour pouvoir guerroyer, les femmes doivent dissimuler leur sexe. En 1910, dans un ouvrage sur le travestissement Hirschfeld évoque ces femmes soldats aux comportements héroïques. En 1930, dans un ouvrage sur l’histoire de la sexualité dans la guerre, il mentionne dans une vignette une jeune femme de vingt ans qui revêt l’uniforme et se dit prête à répondre à l’appel de l’armée. En 1947, dans un ouvrage publié à titre posthume ce cas est développé. Nous nous intéresserons à quelques exemples de ces femmes soldats empruntés à l’œuvre d’Hirschfeld avant d’approfondir ce cas de travestissement.
Using ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to control slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in salad greens in the laboratory and greenhouse
Authors: Renkema J.M. , Cutler G.C. , Blanchard D. , Hammermeister A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGround beetles common in temperate agroecosystems are predators of crop pests, including slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Salad green production in greenhouses during autumn and spring can be limited by damage due to slugs and other pests. Introducing ground beetles to greenhouses may help reduce damage and improve yields. In the laboratory, while arenas with only slugs produced nearly no harvestable leaves, the presence of Carabus nemoralis Müller (Coleoptera: Carabidae) increased the number and weight of harvestable leaves to 55% of the amount in control arenas (without slugs or beetles), in addition to reducing the number of slugs. In a second experiment, adult or second-instar Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were released into greenhouse mesocosms (75 cm diameter steel rings) containing salad greens and slugs. Neither adults nor larvae improved the number or weight of harvestable leaves at the first two harvests, and there was no evidence of slug consumption. Towards the end of the experiment cutworms were common in the mesocosms and contributed to damaging salad greens. Adult P. melanarius likely consumed some cutworms, resulting in small increases in salad green yields at the third harvest. Our results suggest that ground beetles should be further examined as part of an integrated approach to pest control in late and early season salad green production in greenhouses.
β7 Integrin Controls Mast Cell Recruitment, whereas αE Integrin Modulates the Number and Function of CD8+ T Cells in Immune Complex–Mediated Tissue Injury
Authors: Yamada Daisuke , Kadono Takafumi , Masui Yuri , Yanaba Koichi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Immune complex (IC) deposition causes significant tissue injury associated with various autoimmune diseases such as vasculitis. In the cascade of inflammation, cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion via adhesion molecules are essential. To assess the role of αE and β7 integrin in IC-mediated tissue injury, peritoneal and cutaneous reverse-passive Arthus reaction was examined in mice lacking αE integrin (αE−/−) or β7 integrin (β7−/−). Both αE−/− and β7−/− mice exhibited significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration in the peritoneal and cutaneous Arthus reaction. β7 integrin deficiency, not αE integrin deficiency, significantly reduced the number of mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, which was consistent with the result that mast cells expressed only α4β7 integrin, not αEβ7 integrin. αE−/− mice instead revealed the reduction of CD8+ T cells in the peritoneal cavity, and nearly half of them in wild-type mice expressed αE integrin. These αE+CD8+ T cells produced more proinflammatory cytokines than αE−CD8+ T cells, and adoptive transfer of αE+CD8+ T cell into αE−/− recipients restored cutaneous and peritoneal Arthus reaction. These results suggest that in the peritoneal and cutaneous reverse-passive Arthus reaction, α4β7 integrin is involved in the migration of mast cells for initial IC recognition. αEβ7 integrin, in contrast, contributes by recruiting αE+CD8+ T cells, which produce more proinflammatory cytokines than αE−CD8+ T cells and amplify IC-mediated inflammation.
Synergistic Therapeutic Vascular Cytoprotection against Complement-Mediated Injury Induced via a PKCα-, AMPK-, and CREB-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Hamdulay Shahir S. , Wang Bufei , Calay Damien , Kiprianos Allan P. , Cole Jennifer , Dumont Odile , Dryden Nicola , Randi Anna M. , Thornton Clare C. , Al-Rashed Fahad , Hoong Caroline , Shamsi Aamir , Liu Zilei , Holla Vijay R. , Boyle Joseph J. , Haskard Dorian O. , Mason Justin C. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction precede accelerated arterial disease in allograft vasculopathy and systemic autoimmune diseases and involve pathogenic Abs and complement. Recent reports suggest that switching to rapamycin from calcineurin antagonists reduces posttransplant vasculopathy and prolongs survival following cardiac transplantion. The majority of these patients also receive statin therapy. We examined potential mechanisms underlying this protective response in human endothelial cells and identified synergy between rapamycin and atorvastatin. Mechanistically, atorvastatin and rapamycin activated a protein kinase Cα, AMP-activated kinase, and CREB-dependent vasculoprotective pathway, which induced decay-accelerating factor (DAF) promoter activity via binding to the cAMP response element, mutation of which attenuated promoter activity. This response significantly increased endothelial cell surface DAF and enhanced protection against complement-mediated injury. Synergy with rapamycin was reproduced by simvastatin, whereas combining atorvastatin with cyclosporine or mycophenolate in place of rapamycin was ineffective. Importantly, synergy was reproduced in vivo, in which only atorvastatin and rapamycin therapy in combination was sufficient to induce DAF on murine aortic endothelium. We believe this pathway represents an important therapeutically inducible vasculoprotective mechanism for diseases mediated by pathogenic Abs and complement, including posttransplant vasculopathy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Although our study focuses on the vascular endothelium, the findings are likely to be broadly applicable, given the diverse cellular expression of DAF.
BAFF Suppresses IL-15 Expression in B Cells
Authors: Ma Ning , Xing Chen , Xiao He , He Youdi , Han Gencheng , Chen Guojiang , Hou Chunmei , Marrero Bernadette , Wang Yujuan , Zhang Shengquan , Shen Beifen , Li Yan , Wang Renxi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractClinical trials have shown that BAFF inhibitors do not reduce memory B cell levels but can reduce the number of mature B cells. It remains uncertain whether BAFF affects memory-maintaining cytokines such as IL-15. We found that BAFF suppressed IL-15 expression in B cells from lupus-like or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice. When BAFF was blocked with atacicept-IgG, IL-15 expression was upregulated in lupus-like or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice. Finally, we showed that BAFF suppressed IL-15 expression in transitional 2 B cells by reducing Foxo1 expression and inducing Foxo1 phosphorylation. This study suggests that BAFF suppresses IL-15 expression in autoimmune diseases, and this opens up the possible opportunity for the clinical application of BAFF- and IL-15–specific therapeutic agents.
Inhibition of GTPase Rac1 in Endothelium by 6-Mercaptopurine Results in Immunosuppression in Nonimmune Cells: New Target for an Old Drug
Authors: Marinković Goran , Kroon Jeffrey , Hoogenboezem Mark , Hoeben Kees A. , Ruiter Matthijs S. , Kurakula Kondababu , Otermin Rubio Iker , Vos Mariska , de Vries Carlie J. M. , van Buul Jaap D. , de Waard Vivian 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are well established immunosuppressive drugs. Common understanding of their immunosuppressive properties is largely limited to immune cells. However, in this study, the mechanism underlying the protective role of 6-MP in endothelial cell activation is investigated. Because 6-MP and its derivative 6-thioguanosine-5′-triphosphate (6-T-GTP) were shown to block activation of GTPase Rac1 in T lymphocytes, we focused on Rac1-mediated processes in endothelial cells. Indeed, 6-MP and 6-T-GTP decreased Rac1 activation in endothelial cells. As a result, the compounds inhibited TNF-α–induced downstream signaling via JNK and reduced activation of transcription factors c-Jun, activating transcription factor-2 and, in addition, NF κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which led to decreased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, 6-MP and 6-T-GTP selectively decreased TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 protein levels. Rac1-mediated generation of cell membrane protrusions, which form docking structures to capture leukocytes, also was reduced by 6-MP/6-T-GTP. Consequently, leukocyte transmigration was inhibited after 6-MP/6-T-GTP treatment. These data underscore the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-MP and 6-T-GTP on endothelial cells by blocking Rac1 activation. Our data provide mechanistic insight that supports development of novel Rac1-specific therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory diseases.
Engineering of a Novel Anti-CD40L Domain Antibody for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Xie Jenny H. , Yamniuk Aaron P. , Borowski Virna , Kuhn Robert , Susulic Vojkan , Rex-Rabe Sandra , Yang Xiaoxia , Zhou Xiadi , Zhang Yifan , Gillooly Kathleen , Brosius Ruth , Ravishankar Rathna , Waggie Kimberly , Mink Kathy , Price Laura , Rehfuss Robert , Tamura James , An Yongmi , Cheng Lin , Abramczyk Bozena , Ignatovich Olga , Drew Philip , Grant Steven , Bryson James W. , Suchard Suzanne , Salter-Cid Luisa , Nadler Steven , Suri Anish 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
CD40–CD40L interactions play a critical role in regulating immune responses. Blockade of CD40L by Abs, such as the anti-CD40L Ab 5c8, demonstrated positive clinical effects in patients with autoimmune diseases; however, incidents of thromboembolism (TE) precluded further development of these molecules. In this study, we examined the role of the Fc domain interaction with FcγRs in modulating platelet activation and potential for TE. Our results show that the interaction of the 5c8 wild-type IgG1 Fc domain with FcγRs is responsible for platelet activation, as measured by induction of PAC-1 and CD62P. A version of 5c8 with a mutated IgG1 tail was identified that showed minimal FcγR binding and platelet activation while maintaining full binding to CD40L. To address whether Fc effector function is required for immunosuppression, a potent Ab fragment, termed a “domain Ab” (dAb), against murine CD40L was identified and fused to a murine IgG1 Fc domain containing a D265A mutation that lacks Fc effector function. In vitro, this dAb–Fc demonstrated comparable potency to the benchmark mAb MR-1 in inhibiting B cell and dendritic cell activation. Furthermore, the anti-CD40L dAb–Fc exhibited a notable efficacy comparable to MR-1 in various preclinical models, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin–induced Ab responses, alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation, “heart-to-ear” transplantation, and NZB × NZW F1 spontaneous lupus. Thus, our data show that immunosuppression and TE can be uncoupled and that a CD40L dAb with an inert Fc tail is expected to be efficacious for treating autoimmune diseases, with reduced risk for TE.