bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Level Is an Independent Predictor of the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and of Future Adverse Events
Authors: Eapen Danny J. , Manocha Pankaj , Ghasemzadeh Nima , Patel Riyaz S. , Al Kassem Hatem , Hammadah Muhammad , Veledar Emir , Le Ngoc‐Anh , Pielak Tomasz , Thorball Christian W. , Velegraki Aristea , Kremastinos Dimitrios T. , Lerakis Stamatios , Sperling Laurence , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an emerging inflammatory and immune biomarker. Whether suPAR level predicts the presence and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), and of incident death and myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with suspected CAD, is unknown.

Methods and Results

We measured plasma suPAR levels in 3367 subjects (67% with CAD) recruited in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank and followed them for adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of death and MI over a mean 2.1±1.1 years. Presence of angiographic CAD (≥50% stenosis in ≥1 coronary artery) and its severity were quantitated using the Gensini score. Cox's proportional hazard survival and discrimination analyses were performed with models adjusted for established CV risk factors and C‐reactive protein levels. Elevated suPAR levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD (
P
<0.0001) and its severity (
P
<0.0001). A plasma suPAR level ≥3.5 ng/mL (cutoff by Youden's index) predicted future risk of MI (hazard ratio [HR]=3.2;
P
<0.0001), cardiac death (HR=2.62;
P
<0.0001), and the combined endpoint of death and MI (HR=1.9;
P
<0.0001), even after adjustment of covariates. The C‐statistic for a model based on traditional risk factors was improved from 0.72 to 0.74 (
P
=0.008) with the addition of suPAR.

Conclusion
Elevated levels of plasma suPAR are associated with the presence and severity of CAD and are independent predictors of death and MI in patients with suspected or known CAD.
Recombinant Milk Fat Globule–EGF Factor-8 Reduces Oxidative Stress via Integrin β3/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats
Authors: Liu Fei , Hu Qin , Li Bo , Manaenko Anatol , Chen Yujie , Tang Junjia , Guo Zongduo , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Milk fat globule–EGF factor-8 (MFGE8) has been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. However, the effects of MFGE8 in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been investigated. We investigated the role of MFGE8 in early brain injury and the potential mechanisms in antioxidation after SAH.

Methods—
Two dosages (1 μg and 3.3 μg) of recombinant human MFGE8 were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. SAH grades, neurological scores, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 hours. For mechanistic study, MFGE8 siRNA, integrin β3 siRNA, and heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor SnPP IX were used for intervention. The oxidative stress and expression of MFGE8, integrin β3, HO-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 were measured by Western blots 24 hours after SAH.

Results—
The expression of MFGE8 and HO-1 increased and peaked 24 hours after SAH. Administration of recombinant human MFGE8 decreased brain water content and improved neurological functions both at 24 hours and at 72 hours after SAH. Recombinant human MFGE8 reduced oxidative stress and enhanced the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, and HO-1; and the effects were abolished by integrin β3 siRNA and HO inhibitor SnPP IX.

Conclusions—
Recombinant MFGE8 attenuated oxidative stress that may be mediated by integrin β3/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/HO pathway after SAH. Recombinant MFGE8 may serve as an alternative treatment to ameliorate early brain injury for SAH patients.
Ulyxes, a new Australopapuan mite genus associated with arboreal nests (Acari: Laelapidae)
Authors: SHAW MATTHEW D. 
Published: October 2014

As part of a survey of mammal and bird nests, new species, new male stages, and some feeding observations have been collected from what was formerly called the Androlaelaps ulysses group. As many features of this group are consistently different from Androlaelaps, and also from Haemolaelaps where it was formerly placed, this group is here elevated to Ulyxes new genus, and U. autolycus, U. euryclea, and U. theoclymenus are described as new species. This genus has a broad range of feeding behaviour spanning intranasal parasitism, nidicolous parasitism, and at least one species is a nidicolous predator. Its host range is broad; two new species are shown here to cohabit with parrots while most remaining species associate with mammals. In contrast to the variation in feeding behaviour, Ulyxes spp are associated with a narrow range of nest types, being confined to arboreal nests, usually tree hollows (rarely fallen logs), and on the parrot or mammal hosts that use them. Ulyxes spp show a remarkable variability in male cheliceral development, which assorts according to feeding behaviour. There is a strong contrast between male chelicerae of predatory and parasitic species that has not been previously observed in such a compact dermanyssine genus. Previously male cheliceral morphology was thought to be conservative enough to provide diagnostic characters at suprageneric rank. For systematics, these findings complicate previous attempts to recognise male mouthparts as reliable features marking higher-level natural groups that include dermanyssoid vertebrate parasites. For evolutionary studies, this may be relevant in seeking examples of transitions to, or away from, parasitism.
Turbulent Erosion of Persistent Cold-Air Pools: Numerical Simulations*
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Horel John D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
High-resolution idealized numerical simulations are used to examine the turbulent removal of cold-air pools commonly observed in mountain valleys and basins. A control simulation with winds aloft increasing from 0.5 to 20 m s−1 over 20 h combined with typical cold-air pool stratification illustrates the interplay over time of lowering of the top of the cold-air pool, spillover downstream of the valley from the upper reaches of the cold-air pool, wavelike undulations affecting the cold-air pool’s depth and stratification across the valley, and smaller temporal- and spatial-scale Kelvin–Helmholtz waves within the uppermost layers of the cold-air pool. The heat budget within the cold-air pool demonstrates the nearly compensating effects of vertical and horizontal advection combined with turbulent heating of the upper portion of the cold-air pool and cooling in the layers immediately above the cold-air pool. Sensitivities of turbulent mixing in cold-air pools to stratification and upstream terrain are examined. Although the characteristics of the turbulent mixing differ as the stratification and topography are modified, a bulk parameter [the cold-air pool Froude number (Fr)] characterizes the onset and amplification of turbulent mixing and the time of cold-air pool removal. When Fr &gt; 1, Kelvin–Helmholtz waves and turbulent heat fluxes commence. Turbulent heat flux and wave activity increase until Fr = 2, after which the cold-air pool breaks down and is removed from the valley. The rate of cold-air pool removal is proportional to its strength; that is, a strong inversion generates larger heat fluxes once turbulent erosion is underway.
Regional Atmospheric Circulation and Rainfall Variability in South Equatorial Africa
Authors: Dezfuli Amin K. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Gnanadesikan Anand 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study examines daily precipitation data during December–March over south equatorial Africa (SEA) and proposes a new zonal asymmetric pattern (ZAP) that explains the leading mode of weather-scale precipitation variability in the region. The eastern and western components of the ZAP, separated at about 30°E, appear to be a consequence of an anomalous zonal atmospheric cell triggered by enhanced low-level westerly winds. The enhanced westerlies are generated by a diagonal interhemispheric pressure gradient between the southwestern Indian and north tropical Atlantic Oceans. In eastern SEA these winds hit the East African Plateau, producing low-level convergence and convection that further intensifies the westerlies. In western SEA a subsiding branch develops in response, closing the circulation cell. The system gradually dissipates as the pressure gradient weakens. Through this mechanism, simultaneous changes in two hemispheres generate a regional zonally oriented circulation that relies on climatic communication between eastern and western equatorial Africa.
The Securitization of Security
Authors: Hill Thomas 
Published: October 2014

While the meaning and general implications of the ongoing “securitization revolution” within the American real estate market have been a consistent point of focus in the social science literature of recent years (see Harvey, The Enigma of Capital [Oxford University Press, 2010]; Brenner and Theodore, Spaces of Neoliberalism [Oxford University Press, 2004]; Gotham, “The Secondary Circuit of Capital Reconsidered,” American Journal of Sociology [July 2006]), few academic studies have attempted to examine the political, economic, and social effects of securitization in situ. While the aforementioned scholars have been quick to condemn the rapid ascendance of such innovations as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or multinational Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) on a theoretical level, no serious academic study to date has attempted to place these innovations in context by examining their rise and effects within the political, economic, and developmental trajectory of any one particular geographic region. This article fills this gap within American urban history by examining the dynamic relationship between real estate-related financial innovations (specifically, REITs) and the political economy of one American county: Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax County’s consistent economic growth and resilience in the face of recession (owing to the prevalence of defense contractors operating in the county) have made its real estate market especially prominent as an outlet for transnational investment, and thus an ideal place for the study of the multifaceted effects of real estate securitization at the local level. By focusing exclusively on Fairfax County, this article offers a much more complex picture of securitization, its causes, and its effects than that typically offered by the existing social science literature. By examining securitization within the defined geographic and historical context of Fairfax County, this article elaborates, first, the various conditions that allowed Fairfax County to become a veritable proving ground for real estate-related financial innovations in the late-20th and 21st centuries; and, consequently, the multifaceted (and sometimes ambiguous) effects of those innovations for the political and economic structure of the county.
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema in two triathletes: a novel pathophysiological explanation
Authors: Casey Helen , Dastidar Amardeep Ghosh , MacIver David 
Published: October 2014

Lesson Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema/edema (SIPO/SIPE) is likely to become commoner with increasing popularity of endurance sports meaning an increased awareness by participants, organisers and medical personnel is important, especially as individuals are at increased risk of future life threatening episodes and drowning if an accurate diagnosis and appropriate advice are not given. The most important risk factors we identified are a highly trained individual, competitive exercise, hypertension and cold environment.
Increased myo-inositol level in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in migraine patients with major depression
Authors: Lirng Jiing-Feng , Chen Hung-Chieh , Fuh Jong-Ling , Tsai Chia-Fen , Liang Jen-Feng , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: October 2014

Background Although the comorbidity between migraine and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been recognized, the pathophysiology remains unclear. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a well-known neural substrate for MDD. We investigated the relationship between brain metabolites in DLPFC and comorbid MDD in migraine patients. Methods We recruited migraine patients from a tertiary headache clinic. A board-certified psychiatrist conducted a structured interview for MDD diagnosis. The severity of depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Thirty migraine patients (five men, 25 women; mean age: 40.4 ± 12.4 years) completed the study, and 16 of them were diagnosed with MDD. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination focusing on bilateral DLPFC. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) to total creatine (tCr) were compared between migraine patients with and without MDD, and were correlated with BDI scores. Results Relative to patients without MDD, migraine patients with MDD had higher mI/tCr ratios in the bilateral DLPFC ( p = 0.02, left; p = 0.02, right, Mann-Whitney U test). The mI/tCr ratios in the right DLPFC were positively correlated with BDI scores ( r = 0.52, p = 0.003). The NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr ratios did not differ between migraine patients with and without MDD. Conclusion Increased mI/tCr within the DLPFC might be associated with the presence of MDD in migraine patients.
Clinicopathological Study of Patients With C9ORF72-Associated Frontotemporal Dementia Presenting With Delusions
Authors: Shinagawa Shunichiro , Naasan Georges , Karydas Anna M. , Coppola Giovanni , Pribadi Mochtar , Seeley William W. , Trojanowski John Q. , Miller Bruce L. , Grinberg Lea T. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Several clinical studies point to a high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in frontotemporal dementia associated with C9ORF72 mutations, but clinicopathological studies addressing the association between C9ORF72 mutations and delusions are lacking. Method: Seventeen patients with pathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with C9ORF72 mutations were identified from Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank. Of the 17 cases with C9ORF72 mutation, 4 exhibited well-defined delusions. The clinical history, neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging analysis, and postmortem assessment of the patients with delusions were evaluated and compared with the other cases. Result: The content of the delusions was mixed including persecution, infidelity, and grandiosity. All cases showed parkinsonism; voxel-based morphometry analysis showed greater precuneus atrophy in patients with delusions than those without delusions. All 4 had unclassifiable FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein inclusions, with characteristics of both type A and type B. Three cases had additional τ pathology and another had α-synuclein pathology. Conclusion: C9ORF72 carriers with well-defined delusions likely associated with additional pathologies and parietal atrophy in neuroimaging. Patients presenting with middle-aged onset of delusions should be screened for C9ORF72 mutations, especially if family history and parkinsonism are present.
Role of xenogenous bovine platelet gel embedded within collagen implant on tendon healing: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Oryan Ahmad , Moshiri Ali , Meimandi-Parizi Abdolhamid , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: October 2014

Surgical reconstruction of large Achilles tendon defects is demanding. Platelet concentrates may be useful to favor healing in such conditions. The characteristics of bovine platelet-gel embedded within a collagen-implant were determined in vitro, and its healing efficacy was examined in a large Achilles tendon defect in rabbits. Two cm of the left Achilles tendon of 60 rabbits were excised, and the animals were randomly assigned to control (no implant), collagen-implant, or bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant groups. The tendon edges were maintained aligned using a Kessler suture. No implant was inserted in the control group. In the two other groups, a collagen-implant or bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant was inserted in the defect. The bioelectricity and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels were measured weekly and at 60 days post injury, respectively. After euthanasia at 60 days post injury, the tendons were tested at macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and their dry matter and biomechanical performances were also assessed. Another 60 rabbits were assigned to receive no implant, a collagen-implant, or a bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant, euthanized at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days post injury, and their tendons were evaluated grossly and histologically to determine host-graft interactions. Compared to the control and collagen-implant, treatment with bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant improved tissue bioelectricity and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels, and increased cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. It also increased number, diameter, and density of the collagen fibrils, alignment and maturation of the collagen fibrils and fibers, biomechanical properties and dry matter content of the injured tendons at 60 days post injury. The bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant also increased biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tissue incorporation behavior of the implant compared to the collagen-implant alone. This treatment also decreased tendon adhesion, muscle fibrosis, and atrophy, and improved the physical activity of the animals. The bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant was effective in neotenon formation in vivo, which may be valuable in the clinical setting.
Protracted Recovery From a Concussion
Authors: Kostyun Regina O. , Hafeez Imran 
Published: October 2014

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that age and sex may influence concussion recovery time frames, with female athletes and adolescents being potentially more susceptible to a protracted recovery course. Currently, limited work has examined the influence sex may have on concussion management strategies and treatment interventions, especially for younger individuals suffering persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions. Hypothesis: Female athletes are prescribed more treatment interventions than male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected for adolescent athletes presenting to a sports medicine concussion clinic between September 2010 and September 2011. Results: A total of 266 adolescent athletes were evaluated and treated for concussion. Female athletes had a longer recovery course ( P = 0.002) and required more treatment interventions ( P < 0.001) for their symptoms and dysfunction. Female athletes were more likely to require academic accommodations ( P < 0.001), vestibular therapy ( P < 0.001), or medication ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Medical providers should be aware that during the recovery course, adolescent female athletes may require a management plan that will most likely include additional treatment interventions beyond the standard cognitive and physical rest. Clinical Relevance: Treatment interventions are more commonly prescribed for adolescent female athletes than for adolescent male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion. This highlights the need for identifying evidence-based clinical management guidelines that focus on sex, especially when dealing with persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions.
Ruling in or out a source of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon 
Published: October 2014

Background and aimsThe search for a source of gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with two distinct approaches of trying to rule in a specific diagnosis or rule out any potential source of bleeding. The study aim was to understand the conceptual differences underlying the two searches.MethodsThe performance of endoscopy as diagnostic test is analyzed in terms of Bayes’ formula.ResultsThe performance of gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule in a suspected lesion is mostly influenced by its underlying specificity. Because the specificity of endoscopy is less likely to be affected by procedural exigencies, the demands on pre‐procedural prep and general quality can be more relaxed. In contradistinction, the performance of endoscopy to rule out a suspected bleeding site is mostly influenced by its sensitivity, which can easily be compromised by suboptimal procedural conditions.ConclusionsParadoxically, the more urgent, focused, and important search (to rule in a bleeding site), carries less stringent criteria for its execution than the more general and aimless search (to rule out a bleeding site) that frequently ends up just empty handed.
Relationship of fluconazole prophylaxis with fungal microbiology in hospitalized intra-abdominal surgery patients: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Zilberberg Marya , Yu Hsing-Ting , Chaudhari Paresh , Emons Matthew F , Khandelwal Nikhil , Shorr Andrew F 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Historically, Candida albicans has represented the most common cause of candidemia. However, the proportion of bloodstream infections due to non-albicans Candida species has increased. Because of the risk for candidemia in intra-abdominal surgical patients, some experts advocate the use of fluconazole prophylaxis. The impact of this practice on the distribution of Candida species isolated in breakthrough fungal infections in this population is unknown. We examined the association of fluconazole prophylaxis with the distribution of Candida species in intra-abdominal surgery patients.

Methods
We retrospectively identified cases with a positive blood culture (BCx) for Candida among hospitalized adult intra-abdominal surgery patients between July 2005 and October 2012. Distribution of Candida species isolated represented our primary endpoint. Qualifying surgical cases were determined based on a review of discharge International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Patients receiving low-dose fluconazole prior to the positive BCx with a known indication for prophylaxis including neutropenia, ICU exposure or history of organ transplantation were classified as prophylaxis. Appropriateness of fungal treatment was determined by the timing and selection of antifungal agent based on fungal isolate.

Results
Among 10,839 intra-abdominal surgery patients, 227 had candidemia. The most common Candida species isolated was C. albicans (n = 90, 39.6%) followed by C. glabrata (n = 81, 35.7%) and C. parapsilosis (n = 38, 16.7%). Non-albicans Candida accounted for 57.7% of isolates among the 194 non-prophylaxis patients and 75.8% among the 33 prophylaxis patients (P = 0.001). C. glabrata, the most common non-C. albicans species, was more prevalent than C. albicans in persons given prophylaxis, but not in those without prophylaxis. A total of 63% of those with candidemia were treated inappropriately based on the timing and selection of antifungal administration.

Conclusions
Selection pressure from fluconazole prophylaxis in at-risk surgical patients may be associated with a drift toward fluconazole-resistant species in subsequent candidemia. Tools are needed to guide appropriate treatment through the prompt recognition and characterization of candidemia.
Using anti-platelet therapy to prevent extracorporeal membrane oxygenator thrombosis without heparin resistance and with thrombocytopenia
Authors: He Huai-Wu , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun , Wang Xiao-ting , Zhang Qing , Zhao Hua , Zhang Hong-min , Chai Wen-zhao , Liu Da-Wei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNo abstract