bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old wine in a new bottle: customer orientation in librarianship
Authors: Matteson Miriam , Boyden Cynthia 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to explore the research on the personality trait of customer orientation (CO) and consider how it may be applicable to customer service work in libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reviews business research literature on CO and relates it to library science literature on customer service.

Findings
– CO is a measurable personality trait that is shown to predict customer service behaviors in service employees. Research also shows that CO is associated with customers’ perceptions of service quality.

Practical implications
– Libraries should prioritize CO in their hiring, training and recognition processes.

Originality/value
– CO is a well-researched personality trait in the business literature. The original contribution of this paper is to report the research on customer orientation, relate it to similar concepts in librarianship and suggest ways libraries can integrate an awareness of CO in their human resources processes.
Reference inquiries received through different channels
Authors: Emmanuel Baro Ebikabowei , U. Efe Bueaty , K. Oyeniran Gboyega 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the different channels reference librarians receive reference inquiries from patrons in university libraries in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
– A questionnaire was used to collect data on the various channels through which reference librarians received reference inquiries in Nigerian university libraries. The questionnaire was administered using an online method.

Findings
– It emerged that the face-to-face traditional reference desk was rated as the highest channel through which librarians receive reference inquiries in Nigeria, followed by library Facebook page and phone/short message service (SMS). Instant messaging (IM) and e-mail were identified as the least used channels by the patrons. The challenges mentioned include the absence of policy statements concerning virtual reference services; the lack of information and communications technology (ICT) skills on the part of librarians; slow Internet connectivity; power failures; management’s lack of support for emerging technologies; IM’s limitations; user’s expectations of instant answer; inarticulate requests; and lack of adequate current reference materials.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings are from a small sample size; therefore, the findings may not be substantial enough to generalize. Further study is necessary to determine if these results are consistent throughout other university libraries in Nigeria.

Originality/value
– The findings will inform university libraries in developing countries that are planning to adopt virtual reference services to deliver reference services to users anywhere, anytime.
Interclonal gradient of virulence in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pangenome from disease and environment
Authors: Hilker Rolf , Munder Antje , Klockgether Jens , Losada Patricia Moran , Chouvarine Philippe , Cramer Nina , Davenport Colin F. , Dethlefsen Sarah , Fischer Sebastian , Peng Huiming , Schönfelder Torben , Türk Oliver , Wiehlmann Lutz , Wölbeling Florian , Gulbins Erich , Goesmann Alexander , Tümmler Burkhard 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe population genomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analysed by genome sequencing of representative strains of the 15 most frequent clonal complexes in the P. aeruginosa population and of the five most common clones from the environment of which so far no isolate from a human infection has been detected. Gene annotation identified 5892–7187 open reading frame (ORFs; median 6381 ORFs) in the 20 6.4–7.4 Mbp large genomes. The P. aeruginosa pangenome consists of a conserved core of at least 4000 genes, a combinatorial accessory genome of a further 10 000 genes and 30 000 or more rare genes that are present in only a few strains or clonal complexes. Whole genome comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphism synteny indicated unrestricted gene flow between clonal complexes by recombination. Using standardized acute lettuce, Galleria mellonella and murine airway infection models the full spectrum of possible host responses to P. aeruginosa was observed with the 20 strains ranging from unimpaired health following infection to 100% lethality. Genome comparisons indicate that the differential genetic repertoire of clones maintains a habitat‐independent gradient of virulence in the P. aeruginosa population.
The novel catabolic pathway of 3,6‐anhydro‐L‐galactose, the main component of red macroalgae, in a marine bacterium
Authors: Yun Eun Ju , Lee Saeyoung , Kim Hee Taek , Pelton Jeffrey G. , Kim Sooah , Ko Hyeok‐Jin , Choi In‐Geol , Kim Kyoung Heon 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe catabolic fate of the major monomeric sugar of red macroalgae, 3,6‐anhydro‐L‐galactose (AHG), is completely unknown in any organisms. AHG is not catabolized by ordinary fermentative microorganisms, and it hampers the utilization of red macroalgae as renewable biomass for biofuel and chemical production. In this study, metabolite and transcriptomic analyses of Vibrio sp., a marine bacterium capable of catabolizing AHG as a sole carbon source, revealed two key metabolic intermediates of AHG, 3,6‐anhydrogalactonate (AHGA) and 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐galactonate; the corresponding genes were verified in vitro enzymatic reactions using their recombinant proteins. Oxidation by an NADP+‐dependent AHG dehydrogenase and isomerization by an AHGA cycloisomerase are the two key AHG metabolic processes. This newly discovered metabolic route was verified in vivo by demonstrating the growth of Escherichia coli harbouring the genes of these two enzymes on AHG as a sole carbon source. Also, the introduction of only these two enzymes into an ethanologenic E. coli strain increased the ethanol production in E. coli by fermenting both AHG and galactose in an agarose hydrolysate. These findings provide not only insights for the evolutionary adaptation of a central metabolic pathway to utilize uncommon substrates in microbes, but also a metabolic design principle for bioconversion of red macroalgal biomass into biofuels or industrial chemicals.
A vapBC‐type toxin–antitoxin module of Sinorhizobium meliloti influences symbiotic efficiency and nodule senescence of Medicago sativa
Authors: Lipuma Justine , Cinege Gyöngyi , Bodogai Monica , Oláh Boglárka , Kiers Aurélie , Endre Gabriella , Dupont Laurence , Dusha Ilona 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti carries a large number of toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules both on the chromosome and megaplasmids. One of them, the vapBC‐5 module that belongs to the type II systems was characterized here. It encodes an active toxin vapC‐5, and was shown to be controlled negatively by the complex of its own proteins. Different mutants of the vapBC‐5 genes exhibited diverse effects on symbiotic efficiency during interaction with the host plant Medicago sativa. The absence of the entire vapBC‐5 region had no influence on nodule formation and nitrogen fixation properties. The strain carrying an insertion in the antitoxin gene showed a reduced nitrogen fixation capacity resulting in a lower plant yield. In contrast, when the toxin gene was mutated, the strain developed more efficient symbiosis with the host plant. The nitrogen fixing root nodules had a delayed senescent phenotype and contained elevated level of plant‐derived molecules characteristic of later steps of nodule development. The longer bacteroid viability and abundance of active nitrogen fixing zone resulted in increased production of plant material. These data indicate that modification of the toxin/antitoxin production may influence bacteroid metabolism and may have an impact on the adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
The heat shock transcription factor PsHSF1 of Phytophthora sojae is required for oxidative stress tolerance and detoxifying the plant oxidative burst
Authors: Sheng Yuting , Wang Yonglin , Meijer Harold J. G. , Yang Xinyu , Hua Chenlei , Ye Wenwu , Tao Kai , Liu Xiaoyun , Govers Francine , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIn the interaction between plant and microbial pathogens, reactive oxygen species (ROS) rapidly accumulate upon pathogen recognition at the infection site and play a central role in plant defence. However, the mechanisms that plant pathogens use to counteract ROS are still poorly understood especially in oomycetes, filamentous organisms that evolved independently from fungi. ROS detoxification depends on transcription factors (TFs) that are highly conserved in fungi but much less conserved in oomycetes. In this study, we identified the TF PsHSF1 that acts as a modulator of the oxidative stress response in the soybean stem and root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae. We found that PsHSF1 is critical for pathogenicity in P. sojae by detoxifying the plant oxidative burst. ROS produced in plant defence can be detoxified by extracellular peroxidases and laccases which might be regulated by PsHSF1. Our study extends the understanding of ROS detoxification mechanism mediated by a heat shock TF in oomycetes.
Cold‐active bacteriophages from the Baltic Sea ice have diverse genomes and virus–host interactions
Authors: Senčilo Ana , Luhtanen Anne‐Mari , Saarijärvi Mikko , Bamford Dennis H. , Roine Elina 
Published: August 2014

SummaryHeterotrophic bacteria are the major prokaryotic component of the Baltic Sea ice microbiome, and it is postulated that phages are among their major parasites. In this study, we sequenced the complete genomes of six earlier reported phage isolates from the Baltic Sea ice infecting Shewanella sp. and Flavobacterium sp. hosts as well as characterized the phage–host interactions. Based on the genome sequences, the six phages were classified into five new genera. Only two phages, 1/4 and 1/40, both infecting Shewanella sp. strains, showed significant nucleotide sequence similarity to each other and could be grouped into the same genus. These two phages are also related to Vibrio‐specific phages sharing approximately 25% of the predicted gene products. Nevertheless, cross‐titrations showed that the cold‐active phages studied are host specific: none of the seven additionally tested, closely related Shewanella strains served as hosts for the phages. Adsorption experiments of two Shewanella phages, 1/4 and 3/49, conducted at 4°C and at 15°C revealed relatively fast adsorption rates that are, for example, comparable with those of phages infective in mesophilic conditions. Despite the small number of Shewanella phages characterized here, we could already find different types of phage–host interactions including a putative abortive infection.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary prostate cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Tan Tze‐Jian , Siva Shankar , Foroudi Farshad , Gill Suki 
Published: August 2014

SummaryStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer allows overall treatment times to be reduced to as little as 1 week while maintaining a non‐invasive approach. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the literature relating to SBRT in prostate cancer. A systematic review of the relevant literature was performed using structured search terms. Fourteen phase I–II trials and retrospective studies using SBRT for the treatment of prostate cancer were used. Three studies were identified which addressed cost. Dose fractionation, radiotherapy procedures, biochemical progression‐free survival, toxicity, cost and quality of life were critically appraised. A total of 1472 patients were examined across studies. Median follow‐up ranged from 11 to 60 months. The most common dose fractionation was 35–36.25 Gy in five fractions, used in nine out of 14 studies. Ten of 14 studies used CyberKnife. The overall biochemical progression‐free survival ranged 81–100%. Acute grade 2 urinary and rectal toxicities were reported in 5–42% and 0–27% of patients, respectively. Acute grade 3 or more urinary and rectal toxicity were 0.5% and 0%, respectively. Late grade 2 urinary toxicity was reported in 0–29% of patients, while 1.3% had a late grade 3 urinary toxicity. There were no late grade 4 urinary toxicities seen. Late grade 2 rectal toxicity was reported in 0–11%, while 0.5% had a late grade 3 rectal toxicity. Late grade 4 rectal toxicity was reported in 0.2% of patients.
Testing DNA barcodes in closely related species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from Myanmar and China
Authors: Chen Juan , Zhao Jietang , Erickson David L. , Xia Nianhe , Kress W. John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe genus Curcuma L. is commonly used as spices, medicines, dyes and ornamentals. Owing to its economic significance and lack of clear‐cut morphological differences between species, this genus is an ideal case for developing DNA barcodes. In this study, four chloroplast DNA regions (matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA and trnL‐F) and one nuclear region (ITS2) were generated for 44 Curcuma species and five species from closely related genera, represented by 96 samples. PCR amplification success rate, intra‐ and inter‐specific genetic distance variation and the correct identification percentage were taken into account to assess candidate barcode regions. PCR and sequence success rate were high in matK (89.7%), rbcL (100%), trnH‐psbA (100%), trnL‐F (95.7%) and ITS2 (82.6%) regions. The results further showed that four candidate chloroplast barcoding regions (matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA and trnL‐F) yield no barcode gaps, indicating that the genus Curcuma represents a challenging group for DNA barcoding. The ITS2 region presented large interspecific variation and provided the highest correct identification rates (46.7%) based on BLASTClust method among the five regions. However, the ITS2 only provided 7.9% based on NJ tree method. An increase in discriminatory power needs the development of more variable markers.
A generalized residual technique for analysing complex movement models using earth mover's distance
Authors: Potts Jonathan R. , Auger‐Méthé Marie , Mokross Karl , Lewis Mark A. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Complex systems of moving and interacting objects are ubiquitous in the natural and social sciences. Predicting their behaviour often requires models that mimic these systems with sufficient accuracy, while accounting for their inherent stochasticity. Although tools exist to determine which of a set of candidate models is best relative to the others, there is currently no generic goodness‐of‐fit framework for testing how close the best model is to the real complex stochastic system.

We propose such a framework, using a novel application of the Earth mover's distance, also known as the Wasserstein metric. It is applicable to any stochastic process where the probability of the model's state at time t is a function of the state at previous times. It generalizes the concept of a residual, often used to analyse 1D summary statistics, to situations where the complexity of the underlying model's probability distribution makes standard residual analysis too imprecise for practical use.

We give a scheme for testing the hypothesis that a model is an accurate description of a data set. We demonstrate the tractability and usefulness of our approach by application to animal movement models in complex, heterogeneous environments. We detail methods for visualizing results and extracting a variety of information on a given model's quality, such as whether there is any inherent bias in the model, or in which situations, it is most accurate. We demonstrate our techniques by application to data on multispecies flocks of insectivore birds in the Amazon rain forest.

This work provides a usable toolkit to assess the quality of generic movement models of complex systems, in an absolute rather than a relative sense.
Statistics for citizen science: extracting signals of change from noisy ecological data
Authors: Isaac Nick J. B. , van Strien Arco J. , August Tom A. , de Zeeuw Marnix P. , Roy David B. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Policy‐makers increasingly demand robust measures of biodiversity change over short time periods. Long‐term monitoring schemes provide high‐quality data, often on an annual basis, but are taxonomically and geographically restricted. By contrast, opportunistic biological records are relatively unstructured but vast in quantity. Recently, these data have been applied to increasingly elaborate science and policy questions, using a range of methods. At present, we lack a firm understanding of which methods, if any, are capable of delivering unbiased trend estimates on policy‐relevant time‐scales.

We identified a set of candidate methods that employ data filtering criteria and/or correction factors to deal with variation in recorder activity. We designed a computer simulation to compare the statistical properties of these methods under a suite of realistic data collection scenarios. We measured the Type I error rates of each method–scenario combination, as well as the power to detect genuine trends.

We found that simple methods produce biased trend estimates, and/or had low power. Most methods are robust to variation in sampling effort, but biases in spatial coverage, sampling effort per visit, and detectability, as well as turnover in community composition, all induced some methods to fail. No method was wholly unaffected by all forms of variation in recorder activity, although some performed well enough to be useful.

We warn against the use of simple methods. Sophisticated methods that model the data collection process offer the greatest potential to estimate timely trends, notably Frescalo and occupancy–detection models.

The potential of these methods and the value of opportunistic data would be further enhanced by assessing the validity of model assumptions and by capturing small amounts of information about sampling intensity at the point of data collection.
Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Fuglestad Anita J. , Boys Christopher J. , Chang Pi‐Nian , Miller Bradley S. , Eckerle Judith K. , Deling Lindsay , Fink Birgit A. , Hoecker Heather L. , Hickey Marie K. , Jimenez‐Vega Jose M. , Wozniak Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundBecause prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with growth deficiency, little attention has been paid to the potential for overweight and obesity in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This study examined the prevalence of overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI]) in a large clinical sample of children with FASD.MethodsChildren, aged 2 to 19 years, who were evaluated for FASD at University Clinics, included 445 with an FASD diagnosis and 171 with No‐FASD diagnosis. Prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85 percentile) was compared to national and state prevalence. BMI was examined in relation to FASD diagnosis, gender, and age. Dietary intake data were examined for a young subsample (n = 42).ResultsThirty‐four percent with any FASD diagnosis were overweight or obese, which did not differ from the No‐FASD group or U.S. prevalence. Underweight was prevalent in those with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) (17%). However, increased rates of overweight/obesity were seen in those with partial FAS (40%). Among adolescents, those with any FASD diagnosis had increased overweight/obesity (42%), particularly among females (50%). The rate in adolescent females with FASD (50%) was nearly 3 times higher than state prevalence for adolescent females (17 to 18%), p < 0.001. In the young subsample, those who were overweight/obese consumed more calories, protein, and total fat per day than those who were not overweight or obese.ConclusionsRates of overweight/obesity are increased in children with partial FAS. In adolescents, rates are increased for any FASD diagnosis (particularly in females). Results are suggestive of possible metabolic/endocrine disruption in FASD—a hypothesis for which there is evidence from animal models. These data suggest that clinicians may consider prenatal alcohol exposure as a risk factor for metabolic/endocrine disruption, should evaluate diet as a risk in this population, and may need to target interventions to females prior to puberty to effect changes in overweight‐related outcomes.
Antecedent Predictors of Children's Initiation of Sipping/Tasting Alcohol
Authors: Donovan John E. , Molina Brooke S. G. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundSipping or tasting alcohol is one of the earliest alcohol‐use behaviors in which young children engage, yet there is relatively little research on this behavior. Previous cross‐sectional analyses determined that child sipping or tasting is associated with the child's attitude toward sipping and with a family environment supportive of alcohol use, but not with variables reflecting psychosocial proneness for problem behavior as formulated in Problem Behavior Theory (Jessor and Jessor, Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Youth, 1977, Academic Press, New York). This study extended these analyses longitudinally to identify antecedent predictors of the childhood initiation of sipping or tasting alcohol in a multiwave study.MethodsA sample of 452 children (238 girls) aged 8 or 10 and their families was drawn from Allegheny County, PA, using targeted‐age directory sampling and random digit dialing procedures. Children were interviewed using computer‐assisted interviews. Antecedent variables collected at baseline (Wave 1) were examined as predictors of the initiation of sipping/tasting alcohol in childhood (before age 12) among Wave 1 abstainers (n = 286).ResultsNinety‐four children initiated sipping/tasting alcohol in a nonreligious context between baseline and turning age 12. Initiation of sipping/tasting did not generally relate to baseline variables reflecting psychosocial proneness for problem behavior. Instead, as found in the previous cross‐sectional analyses, the variables most predictive of initiating sipping/tasting were perceived parents' approval for child sipping, parents' reported approval for child sipping, parents' current drinking status, and children's attitudes toward sipping/tasting alcohol.ConclusionsThese longitudinal analyses replicate the earlier cross‐sectional results. Young children's sipping/tasting of alcohol reflects parental modeling of drinking and parental approval of child sipping and does not represent a precocious manifestation of a psychosocial proneness to engage in problem behavior.