bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Rehmanniae Radix processing and their impact on ovarian hypofunction: potential mechanisms of action
Authors: Zhong Han-Zhi , Mo Jing , Li Yan-Xin , Li Mao-Ya , Wei Shao-Bin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the research developments concerning Rehmanniae Radix in ovarian hypofunction diseases. It explores the processing methods of Rehmanniae Radix, the variations in its compounds before and after processing, the mechanism of Rehmanniae Radix and its active compounds in improving ovarian function, and the advancements in clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound that include Rehmanniae Radix.MethodsComprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database, National Science and Technology Library, the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, Pubmed, and the Web of Science Database. The search utilized the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords: “Rehmanniae Radix,” “Drying Rehmannia Root,” “Rehmannia glutinosa,” “Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,” “Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing,” “Pharmacological Effects,” “Ovarian Aging,” “Diminished ovarian reserve,” “Premature ovarian insufficiency,” “Premature Ovarian Failure,” “Ovarian hypofunction diseases”.ResultsThe ancient Chinese medical books document various processing techniques for Rehmanniae Radix. Contemporary research has identified changes in its compounds processing and the resultant diverse therapeutic effects. When processed into Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, it is noted for its ability to invigorate the kidney. TCM compound containing Rehmanniae Radix is frequently used to treat ovarian hypofunction diseases, demonstrating significant clinical effectiveness. The key changes in its compounds processing include cyclic dilute ether terpene glycosides, phenylethanol glycosides, sugars, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Its pharmacological action is primarily linked to the improvement of granulosa cell proliferation, antioxidative and anti-aging properties, and modulation of the immune and inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, Rehmanniae Radix also offers therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction caused by low estrogen levels. Thereby Rehmanniae Radix mitigates both the short-term and long-term health risks associated with ovarian hypofunction diseases.ConclusionProcessed Rehmanniae Radix has shown potential to improve ovarian function, and its compound prescriptions have a definite effect on ovarian dysfunction diseases. Therefore Rehmanniae Radix was garnering interest for both basic and clinical research, with promising application prospects as a future therapeutic agent for ovarian hypofunction diseases. However, further studies on its toxicology and the design of standardized clinical trials are necessary to fully establish its efficacy and safety.
A review of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) for kidney disease: phytochemistry, toxicology, herbal processing, and pharmacology
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Qian Jiawen , Feng Chenhang , Chen Zhouqi , Gao Xiangfu , Liu Yang , Gao Yuancheng 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, commonly known as Fuzi in. traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely utilized in clinical practice despite its inherent toxicity. Since ancient times, TCM practitioners have explored various processing techniques to broaden its clinical applications and enhance its safety profile. This review aims to summarize the effects of processing on the chemical composition, toxicity, and pharmacological properties of Fuzi, as well as investigate potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsData on phytochemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and processing methods of Fuzi were gathered from the literature of electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI.ResultsFuzi contains over 100 kinds of chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, among which alkaloids are the main active compounds. Diester-diterpenoid alkaloids are the main contributors to Fuzi’s toxicity and have side effects on some organs, such as the heart, liver, kidneys, nervous system, and reproductive system. The chemical composition of aconite, particularly its alkaloid content, was changed by hydrolysis or substitution reaction during processing to enhance its efficacy and reduce its toxicity. Salted aconite could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Fuzi in treating kidney diseases and influence its pharmacokinetics.ConclusionProcessing plays an important role in increasing the efficiency and decreasing toxicity of aconite. Further studies are needed to elucidate the changes of aconite before and after processing and the underlying mechanisms of these changes, thereby providing evidence for the clinical safety of drug use.
Demoralization and well-being among self-employed individuals with cardiac disease: the role of intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Sowan Wafaa , Kissane David 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIndividuals with cardiac disease (CD) who are self-employed may experience ability limitations and especially intensive challenges and uncertainties. These challenges may cause demoralization and impaired well-being.ObjectivesTo examine: (a) whether work ability limitations are related to demoralization and well-being among self-employed people with CD; (b) rates of demoralization; and (c) how demoralization and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are associated with well-being.MethodsThe study involved 120 self-employed individuals with CD. The PROCESS macro was used to analyze mediation and moderation processes.ResultsThe prevalence of demoralization syndrome was 37.4%. Work ability-limitations were associated with higher demoralization levels. Demoralization was associated with well-being only among participants with high IU. Further, demoralization mediated the relationship between work ability limitations and well-being only for individuals with high IU.ConclusionEncountering limitations among self-employed was associated with demoralization and lower levels of well-being, especially among those with high IU. In addition, demoralization syndrome is prevalent among individuals with CD in general. Early recognition and treatment of demoralization as a treatable psychological syndrome are essential for preventing its degeneration into more complex forms. In addition to uncertainty related to health, it is important to pay special attention to other sources of uncertainty.
Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 variants and vaccination on the time-varying reproduction number: statistical methods
Authors: Jang Geunsoo , Kim Jihyeon , Lee Yeonsu , Son Changdae , Ko Kyeong Tae , Lee Hyojung 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health systems, requiring the monitoring of infection waves and strategies to control transmission. Estimating the time-varying reproduction number is crucial for understanding the epidemic and guiding interventions.MethodsProbability distributions of serial interval are estimated for Pre-Delta and Delta periods. We conducted a comparative analysis of time-varying reproduction numbers, taking into account population immunity and variant differences. We incorporated the regional heterogeneity and age distribution of the population, as well as the evolving variants and vaccination rates over time. COVID-19 transmission dynamics were analyzed with variants and vaccination.ResultsThe reproduction number is computed with and without considering variant-based immunity. In addition, values of reproduction number significantly differed by variants, emphasizing immunity’s importance. Enhanced vaccination efforts and stringent control measures were effective in reducing the transmission of the Delta variant. Conversely, Pre-Delta variant appeared less influenced by immunity levels, due to lower vaccination rates. Furthermore, during the Pre-Delta period, there was a significant difference between the region-specific and the non-region-specific reproduction numbers, with particularly distinct pattern differences observed in Gangwon, Gyeongbuk, and Jeju in Korea.DiscussionThis research elucidates the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission concerning the dominance of the Delta variant, the efficacy of vaccinations, and the influence of immunity levels. It highlights the necessity for targeted interventions and extensive vaccination coverage. This study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and informs public health strategies.
“You can push these conversations, but don’t push your patient away”: healthcare learner perspectives on virtual simulation games as an educational approach to address vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Doucette Emily J. , Pateman Margaret , Fullerton Madison M. , Lip Alyssa , Houle Sherilyn K. D. , Kellner James D. , Leal Jenine , MacDonald Shannon E. , McNeil Deborah , Davidson Sandra , Constantinescu Cora 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy is a significant threat to public health. Healthcare providers (HCPs) can address hesitancy during routine patient conversations; however, few multidisciplinary education tools exist for HCPs to learn to engage in vaccine discussion especially considering new vaccine technologies such as mRNA vaccines. The objectives of this study were to explore HCP learners’ experiences with COVID-19 vaccine communication, and qualitatively evaluate an online learning module composed of virtual simulation games (VSGs) which utilize the PrOTCT Framework for HCP vaccine communication.MethodsThree virtual focus groups were conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 with Canadian healthcare learners in nursing (N = 6), pharmacy (N = 9), and medicine (N = 7) who participated in a larger study measuring the effectiveness of the VSGs. Using a pragmatic approach, a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo to identify themes and subthemes.ResultsA total of 22 HCP learners participated in this study and three key themes were identified. Across all three disciplines, participants expressed that (1) their prior education lacked training on how to hold vaccine conversations, resulting in uncomfortable personal experiences with patients; (2) the VSGs increased their confidence in holding vaccine conversations by providing novel tools and skills; and (3) participants also provided feedback to improve the VSGs which was implemented and supported the dissemination to all HCP professions.ConclusionAlthough HCPs are a trusted source of vaccine information, participants in this study felt they received little training on how to engage in challenging conversations regarding COVID-19 vaccines. The introduction of the PrOTCT Framework and presumptive statements provided novel strategies for HCP to initiate vaccine conversations, especially considering new vaccine technologies and participants appreciated the emphasis on coping strategies and resilience. It is essential that HCP are provided both opportunities to practice managing these conversations, and tools and skills to succeed at an early point in their careers to prepare them for future roles in vaccine advocacy, delivery, and promotion.
Adolescent utilization of sexual and reproductive health services in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Insights from multilevel and latent class analysis
Authors: Sidamo Negussie Boti , Abebe Kerbo Amene , Gidebo Kassa Daka , Wado Yohannes Dibaba 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAdolescents face unique challenges related to their sexual and reproductive health (SRH), with access to timely services being critical for positive outcomes. However, SRH service utilization among adolescents remains low. This study aimed to identify factors influencing SRH service use among adolescents in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study involved 1172 adolescents selected through stratified sampling. Structured face-to-face interviews were employed for data collection. Multilevel mixed logistic regression was fitted to identify factors and latent class analysis was conducted to understand population heterogeneity.ResultsThe findings of this study reveal that 198 (16.89%) adolescents (95% CI: 14.8%-19.2%) utilized SRH services within the past 12 months. Factors significantly associated with SRH service utilization included good knowledge about SRH rights (AOR = 4.65; 95% CI: 2.68, 8.07), belonging to one-parent families (AOR = 4.13; 95% CI: 2.39, 7.12), engaging in parental discussions regarding SRH issues (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI: 1.89, 5.29), high family support (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.51), and enrolling in school (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.33). Additionally, access to social media was associated with increased SRH service utilization among adolescents (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.15). Latent class analysis identified four groups: rural school-enrolled adolescents living with parents, urban school-enrolled adolescents with both parents, urban disadvantaged female adolescents, and early adolescents with limited social media access.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study sheds light on the utilization of SRH services among adolescents, revealing that 16.89% of the participants accessed these services within the past year. Significant factors associated with SRH service utilization included good knowledge about SRH rights, belonging to one-parent families, engaging in parental discussions regarding SRH issues, high family support, and enrollment in school. Interestingly, access to social media was also linked to increased utilization of SRH services among adolescents. Furthermore, our latent class analysis identified four distinct classes of adolescents based on socio-demographic indicators, highlighting the heterogeneity within this population. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions and targeted approaches to address the diverse needs of adolescents in accessing and utilizing SRH services.
Developing augmented reality filters to display visual cues on diverse skin tones
Authors: Stuart Jacob , Stephen Anita , Aul Karen , Bumbach Michael D. , Huffman Shari , Russo Brooke , Lok Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Variations in skin tone can significantly alter the appearance of symptoms such as rashes or bruises. Unfortunately, previous works utilizing Augmented Reality (AR) in simulating visual symptoms have often failed to consider this critical aspect, potentially leading to inadequate training and education. This study seeks to address this gap by integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into the AR filter design process.Methods: We conducted a 2 × 5 within-subjects study with second-year nursing students (N = 117) from the University of Florida. The study manipulated two factors: symptom generation style and skin tone. Symptom generation style was manipulated using a filter based on a real symptom image or a filter based on a computer-generated symptom image. Skin tone variations were created by applying AR filters to computer-generated images of faces with five skin tones ranging from light to dark. To control for factors like lighting or 3D tracking, 101 pre-generated images were created for each condition, representing a range of filter transparency levels (0–100). Participants used visual analog scales on a computer screen to adjust the symptom transparency in the images until they observed image changes and distinct symptom patterns. Participants also rated the realism of each condition and provided feedback on how the symptom style and skin tone impacted their perceptions.Results: Students rated the symptoms displayed by the computer-generated AR filters as marginally more realistic than those displayed by the real image AR filters. However, students identified symptoms earlier with the real-image filters. Additionally, SET-M and Theory of Planned Behavior questions indicate that the activity increased students’ feelings of confidence and self-efficacy. Finally, we found that similar to the real world, where symptoms on dark skin tones are identified at later stages of development, students identified symptoms at later stages as skin tone darkened regardless of cue type.Conclusion: This work implemented a novel approach to develop AR filters that display time-based visual cues on diverse skin tones. Additionally, this work provides evidence-based recommendations on how and when generative AI-based AR filters can be effectively used in healthcare education.
3D-CT reconstruction for pedicle outer width assessment in patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures: a comparative analysis between age groups <60 years and ≥60 years
Authors: He Qiang , Yan Yifeng , Mei Jie , Xie Chengxin , Sun Xin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the utilization of 3D-CT reconstruction in measuring pedicle outer width (POW) between younger/middle-aged patients (&lt;60 years) and older patients (≥60 years) with thoracolumbar spine fractures (TSF).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study from January 2021 to December 2022, involving a total of 108 patients with TSF. The study population consisted of 62 patients aged ≥60 years (observation group) and 46 patients aged &lt;60 years (control group). We compared the POW on both the right and left sides of the thoracolumbar spine between the two groups. Additionally, we analyzed the POW by gender within each group and calculated the incidence of patients falling below the critical values for arch root puncture (5 mm) and arch root nailing (7 mm) in both groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences observed in the POW between the two groups on both the left and right sides of each corresponding vertebra (P &gt; 0.05). In the observation group, both male and female patients had significantly smaller POW compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). However, no significant difference in POW was observed between the same-sex groups in the L4 to L5 vertebrae (P &gt; 0.05). In the observation group, the POW was less than 5 mm in 9.33% (81/868) of cases and less than 7 mm in 49.88% (433/868) of cases, primarily observed from T11 to L3. In the control group, 4.81% (31/644) of cases had a POW of less than 5 mm, and 13.81% (88/644) had a POW of less than 7 mm.ConclusionUtilizing preoperative 3D-CT reconstruction to measure POW in patients with TSF not only facilitates the assessment of surgical feasibility but also aids in surgical pathway planning, thus potentially reducing the incidence of postoperative complications.
Vivências de acadêmicos de enfermagem em um projeto de extensão voltado para prevenção de HIV em unidade de atenção primária do interior do Amazonas: relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Lorena Gleice Azevedo da , Wanderley Leticia Costa , Seixas Marcelo Augusto da Silva , Diniz Syrrame Guimarães , Mitouso Vinícius Soares 
Published: July 2024

Considerando que a vivência da extensão universitária contribui diretamente na formação profissional e promove saúde à população, o estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de capacitar acadêmicos para prática clínica, além da necessidade de levar ações sobre o HIV para as unidades de atenção primária do interior do Amazonas. Objetiva-se em relatar a vivência de acadêmicos do curso de bacharelado em enfermagem de uma Universidade Pública do amazonas em um Programa Atividade Curricular de Extensão (PACE), relatar as principais manifestações orais descritas na ação e desmitificar o HIV na sociedade. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o projeto de extensão realizado por acadêmicos de Enfermagem, juntamente com docente, da Universidade Pública do Amazonas. Este projeto ocorreu por meio de encontros prévios para capacitação dos acadêmicos sobre o tema, o qual foi exposto e dialogado sobre as manifestações orais do HIV, autoexame bucal, prevenção, e também propostas de ações a serem realizadas em uma unidade de saúde primária. Desse modo, observa-se que o projeto propôs e desenvolveu capacitação aos acadêmicos a respeito do HIV, além de ofertar assistência a comunidade através de orientações e esclarecimentos a respeito dessa patologia e sobre como preveni-la. Portanto, a contribuição ativa dos acadêmicos de enfermagem foi essencial para à comunidade, além de proporcionar aos alunos uma experiência de aprendizado prático e incentivador, fortalecendo suas habilidades clínicas e sociais. Os resultados mostram que o projeto trouxe ainda mais benefícios para a formação dos futuros profissionais e para a saúde das populações vulneráveis.
Tumor desmoplásico de pequenas células redondas peritoneal: um relato de caso em Brasília
Authors: Bachiega Marcos Vinicius , Pedreira Taiana Coelho , Mendonça Isabela Barbosa , Dutra Patricia Werlang Schorn , Ferreira Naira Oliveira , Boas Lenisa Cezar Vilas 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: O tumor desmoplásico de pequenas células redondas (TDPCR) é uma neoplasia maligna rara, com curso clínico agressivo e mortalidade elevada. É predominante em adolescentes e adultos jovens, prevalecendo entre a segunda e a terceira décadas de vida. Seus sintomas incluem emagrecimento, dor, linfonodomegalia, obstrução urinária, constipação, distensão abdominal, hepatomegalia e massa abdominal palpável. O principal local de comprometimento é a superfície de serosas revestidas pelo peritônio abdominal ou pélvico, o que fortalece a teoria da origem mesotelial. Para a identificação dessa neoplasia é relevante realizar tomografia computadorizada (TC) juntamente com a imunohistoquímica e o exame anatomopatológico. Não existe, até o presente momento, um protocolo terapêutico padrão, logo, o tratamento envolve cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia. Materiais e métodos: Os dados foram obtidos por meio de revisão de prontuário do paciente, exames complementares do mesmo e revisão de literatura. Relato de caso: Paciente iniciou um quadro de dor abdominal, náuseas e perda de peso. O exame de ressonância magnética mostrou sinais de carcinomatose peritoneal e linfonodomegalias retroperitoneais no andar superior do abdome, destacando-se ainda lesões infiltrativas de permeio à musculatura da parede abdominal posterior no flanco direito, sendo necessária correlação com biópsias e estudos histopatológicos. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo laudo da imunohistoquímica. A terapêutica proposta foi o protocolo VAC-IE como esquema de primeira linha. Outras 4 linhas de tratamento foram utilizadas. No entanto, o paciente apresentou progressão da doença e recusou tratamentos paliativos exclusivos. A despeito das terapêuticas realizadas, o paciente faleceu em outubro de 2023. Conclusão: O tumor desmoplásico de pequenas células redondas, em razão da sua raridade, continua sendo um desafio para o diagnóstico e o tratamento dos pacientes.
Reabilitação estética em dente escurecido e tratado endodonticamente: relato de caso
Authors: Andrade Ana Carolina Pinheiro de , Nunes Rebeca Souza Menezes , Martins Alec Gabriel Soares , Campello Bárbara da Silva , Rezende Ingrid Rebeca Liarte , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo , Sá Juliana Lopes de 
Published: July 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar um relato de caso clínico de Paciente do gênero masculino, 26 anos, profissional de relações internacionais, compareceu à Clínica Odontológica CEUNI - Centro Universitário Fametro com queixa principal “tenho um dente escurecido e diferente da cor dos demais” onde foi realizada a 3 sessões de clareamento, utilizando o gel com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% Whiteness HP (FGM, Produtos Odontológicos, Joinville, SC, Brasil) Após 30 dias da ultima sessão, o paciente retornou apresentando uma melhora na coloração do elemento 21, no entanto, ainda não satisfatória com relação a cor dos demais elementos. Então foi realizada uma única faceta em resina direta. Desse modo, obteve-se um bom resultado na estética do sorriso e o paciente ficou satisfeito, conclui-se que o clareamento dental de consultório é uma alternativa segura, e a faceta em resina também além de acessível e eficaz, trazem uma excelente melhora em dentes não vitais, escurecidos e tratados endodonticamente.