bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐dependent progression from the acute to chronic phases in atopic dermatitis induced by epicutaneous allergen stimulation in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Kim Ji‐Yun , Jeong Mi Sook , Park Mi Kyung , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Seo Seong Jun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a complicated skin condition influenced by genetic background and environmental factors. In this study, we applied Dermatophagoides farinae body extract (DfE) to the barrier‐disrupted skin of NC/Nga mice twice a week for 8 weeks to identify the clinical and immunological factors in AD progression. Repeated application of the DfE to the skin of NC/Nga mice showed the similar consequences for the natural course of progression in human AD, histologically and immunologically. We confirmed that the AD‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice did not last for the whole period of our experiment in spite of repeated topical applications of DfE twice a week. Topical DfE stimulation increased the skin mRNA expressions of Th1‐, Th2‐ and Th17‐related cytokines in the acute phase. The expression patterns of IL‐4 and IL‐13 in splenic T cells and skin lesions were consistent with the time course alterations of clinical features of AD‐like skin symptoms. We also showed that there was a remission phase either just before or right after the chronic phase in this experimental model. Interestingly, splenic T‐cell‐derived IL‐5 expression began to increase in the chronic phase, while skin‐derived IL‐5 mRNA expression increased in the acute phase. In conclusion, our results suggest that we should pay attention to the characteristics of each stage of AD progression and choose a suitable corresponding stage of animal model not only to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD but also to develop and evaluate therapeutic drugs for AD.
Social Sciences and Farmers in Switzerland: the Story of a Strange Absence
Authors: Forney Jérémie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSwitzerland is known to offer substantial support to its national agriculture. However and despite the political importance of agriculture, very few social science research programmes on farming and agriculture exist. Indeed, Switzerland has never had an institutionalized and established “rural sociology”. In a national context where the viability of agriculture depends largely on public money, discussions and criticism of the agricultural policy take different shapes, mainly addressing environmental and economic effectiveness. This paper reviews what work the social sciences have produced on agriculture and farming populations in Switzerland, with the aim of understanding better what should be done now, in a context of deep changes within the political and economic frames of agriculture. These concerns are not limited to Switzerland and have strong echoes in other national contexts. They are related to the understanding of farmers' role in production and consumption networks, in a context of multifunctionality and neoliberalism. In conclusion, it will be argued that because of some of its characteristics, Switzerland may prove to be an interesting case study for some of the debates in the wider rural social sciences.
Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy: Trends, Concepts, and Geographies
Authors: Fast Stewart 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAs global production of energy from renewable sources has grown over the last 25 years, so too has research on social acceptance of renewable energy. This article reports findings from a systematic review of peer‐reviewed articles related to this subject. There has been a rapid increase in the frequency of these studies and a shift in orientation away from market and socio‐political measures of securing policy support for renewables toward a sympathetic reporting of community opposition to wind turbines. Well‐developed conceptual and empirical critiques of the “Not‐in‐My‐Backyard” concept have emerged on the basis of Western European case studies, notably from the UK. Drawing from experiences across the globe with varied sizes and types of new energy infrastructure researchers have documented complex social responses that go beyond simplistic designations of opponent or supporter. Geographical concepts including place, landscape, distance decay, territory, and others have been gainfully employed in this interdisciplinary literature, and there is ample opportunity for greater contributions from the discipline to this area of growing popular and academic interest.
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin in a chronic hemodialysis patient with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Altun Eda , Kaya Bülent , Paydaş Saime , Sarıakçalı Barış , Karayaylalı İbrahim 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMetformin is a biguanide group oral antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anorexia are the most common adverse effects encountered during treatment. Lactic acidosis is a serious side effect seen with metformin use, and while the incidence of lactic acidosis is similar to other oral antidiabetics, metformin is not recommended to patients with certain risk factors, such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal and liver failure. We describe a chronic hemodialysis patient treated with metformin, presenting to the nephrology department with altered mental status.
Does hemodiafiltration reduce vascular stiffness measured by aortic pulse wave velocity compared with high‐flux hemodialysis?
Authors: Charitaki Evangelia , Davenport Andrew 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHemodialfiltration (HDF) has been reported to reduce the frequency of intradialytic hypotension compared with hemodialysis (HD). We wished to determine whether HDF resulted in improvement of arterial stiffness compared with HD. We reviewed peripheral blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurements in a cross‐sectional analysis of stable HDF and HD outpatients. One hundred forty‐one HDF patients were matched to 148 HD patients in terms of age, sex, prevalence of diabetes, peripheral blood pressure, and body mass. Pulse wave velocity was not different between the HD and HDF cohorts (median 9.1 [8.0–10.7] m/s vs. 9.7 [8.5–11.6] m/s). Similarly, there were no differences in central aortic pressure (149.2 ± 30.9 mmHg vs. 151.9 ± 35.2 mmHg), or aortic (39 [25.1–51.2]% vs. 38.6 [25.8–51.4]%) and brachial (3.8 [−24.3 to 26.9]% vs. 3 [−22.4 to 27.1]%) augmentation indices, respectively. Pulse wave velocity did not differ between adult patients treated by HD and HDF, and similarly, there were no differences in central aortic pressure, aortic or brachial augmentation indices, and cardiac diastolic perfusion. Our study suggests that HDF does not appear to offer any benefit over HD in terms of vascular stiffness.
Tubular variant of basal cell adenoma shares immunophenotypical features with normal intercalated ducts and is closely related to intercalated duct lesions of salivary gland
Authors: Montalli Victor Angelo , Martinez Elizabeth , Tincani Alfio , Martins Antônio , do Carmo Abreu Maria , Neves Catarina , Costa Ana Flávia , de Araújo Vera C. , Altemani Albina 
Published: December 2013

AimsThe morphological criteria for identification of intercalated duct lesions (IDLs) of salivary glands have been defined recently. It has been hypothesised that IDL could be a precursor of basal cell adenoma (BCA). BCAs show a variety of histological patterns, and the tubular variant is the one that presents the strongest resemblance with IDLs. The aim of this study was to analyse the morphological and immunohistochemical profiles of IDLs and BCAs classified into tubular and non‐tubular subtypes, to determine whether or not IDL and tubular BCA represent distinct entities.Methods and resultsEight IDLs, nine tubular BCAs and 19 non‐tubular BCAs were studied. All tubular BCAs contained IDL‐like areas, which represented 20–70% of the tumour. In non‐tubular BCA, IDL‐like areas were occasional and small (<5%). One patient presented IDLs, tubular BCAs and IDL/tubular BCA combined lesions. Luminal ductal cells of IDLs and tubular BCAs exhibited positivity for CK7, lysozyme, S100 and DOG1. In the non‐tubular BCA group, few luminal cells exhibited such an immunoprofile; they were mainly CK14‐positive. Basal/myoepithelial cells of IDLs, tubular BCAs and non‐tubular BCAs were positive for CK14, calponin, α‐SMA and p63; they were more numerous in BCA lesions.ConclusionsIDL, tubular BCA and non‐tubular BCA form a continuum of lesions in which IDLs are related closely to tubular BCA. In both, the immunoprofile of luminal and myoepithelial cells recapitulates the normal intercalated duct. The difference between the adenoma‐like subset of IDLs and tubular BCA rests mainly on the larger numbers of myoepithelial cells in the latter. Our findings indicate that at least some BCAs can arise via IDLs.
Physical and material properties of an emulsion‐based lipstick produced via a continuous process
Authors: Beri A. , Pichot R. , Norton I. T. 
Published: December 2013

SynopsisObjectivesWater‐in‐oil emulsions in lipsticks could have the potential to improve moisturizing properties and deliver hydrophilic molecules to the lips. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of a continuous process (scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE) and pin stirrer (PS)) on the physical and material properties of an emulsion‐based lipstick by altering the processing conditions of both the SSHE and PS.MethodsEmulsion formation was achieved using a SSHE and PS. Emulsions were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance restricted diffusion (droplet size), texture analysis and rheology (mechanical properties).ResultsResults showed that a higher impeller rotational velocity (IRV) (1500 r.p.m.) and a lower exit temperature (52°C) produce the smallest droplets (~ 4 μm), due to greater disruptive forces and a higher viscosity of the continuous phase. The addition of a PS reduces the droplet size (14–6 μm) if the SSHE has a low IRV (500 r.p.m.), due to greater droplet disruption as the emulsion passes through the PS unit. Results also show that if the jacket temperature of a SSHE is 65°C, so that crystallization occurs in both process and post‐production, droplets can be integrated into the network resulting in a stiffer wax network (G' – 0.12, in comparison to 0.02 MPa). This is due to small crystals creating a shell around water droplets which can form connections with the continuous network forming a structured network. The addition of a pin stirrer can disrupt a formed network reducing the stiffness of the emulsion (0.3–0.05 MPa).ConclusionThis work suggests the potential use of a continuous process in producing an emulsion‐based lipstick, particularly when wax crystals are produced in the process. Future work should consider the moisturizing or lubricating properties of wax continuous emulsions and the release of hydrophilic compounds from the aqueous phase.
Macrogeographic variation in the call of the corncrake Crex crex
Authors: Budka Michał , Mikkelsen Gunvar , Turčoková Lucia , Fourcade Yoan , Dale Svein , Osiejuk Tomasz S. 
Published: December 2013

This study was conducted to characterise macrogeographic variation in the vocalisation of the corncrake Crex crex, a bird species with a non‐learned and highly stereotyped call. We also examined: 1) whether call characteristics remained stable across successive breeding seasons within two of the study populations and 2) whether call similarity was related to distance between populations.Recordings of 352 males from eight populations were analysed. The analyses focused on variation in 1) temporal characteristics (duration of syllables and intervals, duration of the intervals between consecutive maximal amplitude peaks within syllables, called pulse‐to‐pulse duration (PPD)), and 2) spectral characteristics (minimal and maximal frequency, frequencies below which 25%, 50% and 75% acoustic energy of signal is distributed). We found significant differences in most of the temporal and all of the spectral characteristics between populations. No differences were found in PPD. Significant interannual differences in spectral characteristics were found in both of the populations examined, whereas differences in temporal characteristics were only observed in one population. In general, geographic variation in calls showed clinal distance‐dependence, where distant populations showed larger differences in call than neighbouring populations. Our results show that geographic variation in corncrake calls may be very dynamic in the short term and that within‐population variation may occur on the same scale as between‐population variation. This finding is surprising because call characteristics in non‐learners are essentially inherited, and genetic transmission should be very slow. We suggest that the social interactions between males and/or the specific dispersal patterns of this species and the low site fidelity of adult and young birds may be responsible for such pattern.
Influence of judges' behaviors on perceived procedural justice
Authors: Beier Susanne , Eib Constanze , Oehmann Verena , Fiedler Peter , Fiedler Klaus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe influence of judges' behaviors on procedural justice was analyzed in a field study, observing the judges' behaviors during n = 129 trials and assessing the defendants and the audiences' justice perceptions. The observed judicial behavior was unrelated to the defendants' justice perceptions. However, the more respectful the judge treated the defendants, the fairer the audience perceived the trial. In general, the effect size of the relationship between observational measures and subjective justice ratings was small in comparison to the relationship within defendants' or audiences' ratings. There were striking differences in the justice perception between the two data sources, namely defendants and audience. Thus, the source matters, and to avoid a same‐source bias, should be taken into account when analyzing justice perceptions.
Exploring perinatal shift‐to‐shift handover communication and process: an observational study
Authors: Poot Else P. , de Bruijne Martine C. , Wouters Maurice G. A. J. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Wagner Cordula 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesLoss of situation awareness (SA) by health professionals during handover is a major threat to patient safety in perinatal care. SA refers to knowing what is going on around. Adequate handover communication and process may support situation assessment, a precursor of SA. This study describes current practices and opinions of perinatal handover to identify potential improvements.MethodsStructured direct observations of shift‐to‐shift patient handovers (n = 70) in an academic perinatal setting were used to measure handover communication (presence and order of levels of SA: current situation, background, assessment and recommendation) and process (duration, interruptions/distractions, eye contact, active inquiry and reading information back). Afterwards, receivers' opinions of handover communication (n = 51) were measured by means of a questionnaire.ResultsAll levels of SA were present in 7% of handovers, the current situation in 86%, the background in 99%, an assessment in 24% and a recommendation in 46%. In 77% of handovers the background was mentioned first, followed by the current situation. Forty‐four per cent of handovers took 2 minutes or more per patient. In 52% distractions occurred, in 43% there was no active inquiry, in 32% no eye contact and in 97% information was not read back. The overall mean of the receivers' opinions of handover communication was 4.1 (standard deviation ± 0.7; scale 1–5, where 5 is excellent).ConclusionsPerinatal handovers are currently at risk for inadequate situation assessment because of variability and limitations in handover communication and process. However, receivers' opinions of handover communication were very positive, indicating a lack of awareness of patient safety threats during handover. Therefore, the staff's awareness of current limitations should be raised, for example through video reflection or simulation training.
Recent advances in plant membrane‐bound transcription factor research: Emphasis on intracellular movement
Authors: Seo Pil Joon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTranscription factors constitute numerous signal transduction networks and play a central role in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have shown that a limited portion of transcription factors are anchored in the cellular membrane, storing as dormant forms. Upon exposure to environmental and developmental cues, these transcription factors are released from the membrane and translocated to the nucleus, where they regulate associated target genes. As this process skips both transcriptional and translational regulations, it guarantees prompt response to external and internal signals. Membrane‐bound transcription factors (MTFs) undergo several unique steps that are not involved in the action of canonical nuclear transcription factors: proteolytic processing and intracellular movement. Recently, alternative splicing has also emerged as a mechanism to liberate MTFs from the cellular membranes, establishing an additional activation scheme independent of proteolytic processing. Multiple layers of MTF regulation add complexity to transcriptional regulatory scheme and ensure elaborate action of MTFs. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings on MTFs in plants and highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying MTF liberation from cellular membranes with an emphasis on intracellular movement.
Are Implicit Self‐Esteem Measures Valid for Assessing Individual and Cultural Differences?
Authors: Falk Carl F. , Heine Steven J. , Takemura Kosuke , Zhang Cathy X. J. , Hsu Chih‐Wei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveOur research utilized two popular theoretical conceptualizations of implicit self‐esteem: 1) implicit self‐esteem as a global automatic reaction to the self; and 2) implicit self‐esteem as a context/domain specific construct. Under this framework, we present an extensive search for implicit self‐esteem measure validity among different cultural groups (Study 1) and under several experimental manipulations (Study 2).MethodIn Study 1, Euro‐Canadians (N = 107), Asian‐Canadians (N = 187), and Japanese (N = 112) completed a battery of implicit self‐esteem, explicit self‐esteem, and criterion measures. Included implicit self‐esteem measures were either popular or provided methodological improvements upon older methods. Criterion measures were sampled from previous research on implicit self‐esteem and included self‐report and independent ratings. In Study 2, Americans (N = 582) completed a shorter battery of these same types of measures under either a control condition, an explicit prime meant to activate the self‐concept in a particular context, or prime meant to activate self‐competence related implicit attitudes.ResultsAcross both studies, explicit self‐esteem measures far outperformed implicit self‐esteem measures in all cultural groups and under all experimental manipulations.ConclusionImplicit self‐esteem measures are not valid for individual or cross‐cultural comparisons. We speculate that individuals may not form implicit associations with the self as an attitudinal object.
Artificial Neural Network Approach Coupled with Genetic Algorithm for Predicting Dough Alveograph Characteristics
Authors: Abbasi Hajar , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Ardabili Seyyed Mahdi Seyedain 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlveograph is a useful device for rheological measurement of dough from biaxial extension. Our purpose in the current research was to apply soft computing tools for predicting the alveograph properties (maximum pressure for blowing the bubble [P], abscissa at bubble rupture [L], deformation energy [W]) using physicochemical properties of flour (protein, ash, wet gluten, gluten index, amylase activity, zeleny and particle size). Generalized feed‐forward artificial neural networks (ANN) with back‐propagation learning algorithms were employed to model the alveograph properties. A genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to optimize the parameters of the ANN's structure and inputs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the ability of the networks with using physicochemical properties of flour as inputs in predicting alveograph properties. The developed ANNs using GA were shown to have excellent potential in predicting the alveograph properties. Sensitivity analyses showed that zeleny (Sedimentation value) is the most sensitive input in predicting alveograph characteristics.Practical ApplicationsThe alveograph is a device to measure empirical rheological properties of dough during bubble inflation. Accurate prediction of dough rheology could provide many benefits to the baking industry, for example making inline process adjustments and modifying product formulation to satisfy consumer demands. In the current study, an ANN approach was applied to predict the alveograph properties of dough (P, L and W). The physicochemical properties of flour (protein, ash, wet gluten, gluten index, amylase activity, zeleny and particle size) and the parameters of alveography were set as inputs and outputs of the networks, respectively. A GA was applied as a suitable optimizer method to determine the best topology and inputs of the networks. The developed networks have excellent performance in prediction of outputs when compared with test data. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to investigate the suitability of inputs on estimating alveograph properties (outputs) of the dough.
“Medieval Belief and Modern Secularity: Teaching the Middle Ages to Contemporary College Students”
Authors: Harris Anne F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article presents pedagogical strategies to engage students of the modern, secular world with materials shaped by religious belief in the Middle Ages. Three specific challenges to the teaching of medieval culture are analyzed: resistance to the religious fervor surrounding miraculous objects such as relics, adherence to specific representations of the divine, and identification of the Middle Ages as a barbaric period marked by mistakes never to be repeated. Resonances between the Middle Ages and our contemporary world emerge, however, when questioning the structures, aesthetics, and audiences of both. By using medieval scenarios to formulate questions about modern problems, these pedagogical strategies seek to implicate students from both religious and secular backgrounds, and provoke interpretations of the Middle Ages that offer insight into the contemporary world.