bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic illness: a revisionist account
Authors: Armstrong David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article challenges the generally accepted thesis that the emergence and dominance of chronic illness over the last half century is due to the receding tide of acute infectious diseases and an ageing population. Instead, through an analysis of contemporary reports in the Journal of the American Medical Association, it is argued that the construct of chronic illness emerged as part of a new focus on the downstream consequences of disease and as a means of transferring what had been seen as the natural processes of ageing and senescence into an explanatory model based on pathological processes. The widely accepted idea of an epidemiological transition in illness prevalence has served to conceal the ways in which medicine has extended its remit and suppressed alternative explanatory frameworks.
Overeducation and depressive symptoms: diminishing mental health returns to education
Authors: Bracke Piet , Pattyn Elise , von dem Knesebeck Olaf 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn general, well‐educated people enjoy better mental health than those with less education. As a result, some wonder whether there are limits to the mental health benefits of education. Inspired by the literature on the expansion of tertiary education, this article explores marginal mental health returns to education and studies the mental health status of overeducated people. To enhance the validity of the findings we use two indicators of educational attainment – years of education and ISCED97 categories – and two objective indicators of overeducation (the realised matches method and the job analyst method) in a sample of the working population of 25 European countries (unweighted sample N = 19,089). Depression is measured using an eight‐item version of the CES‐D scale. We find diminishing mental health returns to education. In addition, overeducated people report more depression symptoms. Both findings hold irrespective of the indicators used. The results must be interpreted in the light of the enduring expansion of education, as our findings show that the discussion of the relevance of the human capital perspective, and the diploma disease view on the relationship between education and modern society, is not obsolete.
Analysis of Raw Milk Quality at Reception and During Cold Storage: Combined Effects of Somatic Cell Counts and Psychrotrophic Bacteria on Lipolysis
Authors: Gargouri Ahmed , Hamed Houda , ElFeki Abdelfettah 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe objective of the article was to analyze the influence of psychrotrophic bacteria counts (PBCs) and somatic cell counts (SCCs) on the extent of lipolysis in bulk samples of cow's milk at reception and during cold storage. Samples of milk were analyzed on the day of sampling and subsequently during cold storage. The acidity, fat, density, chloride content, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk milk SCCs (BMSCC), and PBC values were analyzed on the day of sampling and the levels of acidity, EC, SCC, and PBC were analyzed during cold storage at 4 °C for 72 h. The SCC value 869 × 103 mL−1 was higher than the recommended threshold. Lipolysis level at sampling day was related more closely with SCC than with PBC. There was no significant correlation between milk acidity and PBC among others parameters, while the milk mean density was only significant (P < 0.01) correlated with the fat content. The EC and chloride content were consistently correlated (P < 0.001) with BMSCC that allowed them to be used as indicators of mammary gland infection. The milk acidity, EC, PBC, and lipolysis levels increased in relation to the storage time at 4 °C. The lipolysis level during storage was in closer relation to the SCC, but not relation to the PBC. Effects of SCC and PBC on lipolysis decreased throughout the chilling period. It was concluded that initial lipolysis level and intrinsic milk lipoprotein lipase appear more effective than SCC and PBC on the development of lipolysis during storage.
Oxidative Stability of Lipids Rich in EPA and DHA Extracted from Fermented Scallop Ovary
Authors: Hamaoka Naohiro , Shimajiri Junki , Abe Masayuki , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA novel seafood paste was developed by the fermentation of scallop ovary using rice malt (koji) and yeast culture. Chemical analysis of the product showed the formation of high level of free amino acids and organic acids during the fermentation. The product color and flavor resembled to Japanese traditional soybean miso. The contents of total lipids (TLs) extracted from the fermented products were ranged from 9.18% to 11.59% or 11.38% to 13.57%/dry sample weight. Although the TL was rich in oxidatively unstable polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), little decrease was found in these PUFAs during the fermentation, showing the high oxidative stability of the TL from the fermented scallop ovary. Moreover, the oxidative stability of the TL extracted from the fermented products increased with increasing the fermentation time. This would be mainly due to the formation of lipid soluble antioxidants such as tocopherols, which might be derived from yeast used for fermentation.
Modifying the Processing and Handling of Frozen Broccoli for Increased Sulforaphane Formation
Authors: Dosz Edward B. , Jeffery Elizabeth H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFrozen broccoli can provide a cheaper product, with a longer shelf life and less preparation time than fresh broccoli. We previously showed that several commercially available frozen broccoli products do not retain the ability to generate the cancer‐preventative agent sulforaphane. We hypothesized that this was because the necessary hydrolyzing enzyme myrosinase was destroyed during blanching, as part of the processing that frozen broccoli undergoes. This study was carried out to determine a way to overcome loss of hydrolyzing activity. Industrial blanching usually aims to inactivate peroxidase, although lipoxygenase plays a greater role in product degradation during frozen storage of broccoli. Blanching at 86 °C or higher inactivated peroxidase, lipoxygenase, and myrosinase. Blanching at 76 °C inactivated 92% of lipoxygenase activity, whereas there was only an 18% loss in myrosinase‐dependent sulforaphane formation. We considered that thawing frozen broccoli might disrupt membrane integrity, allowing myrosinase and glucoraphanin to come into contact. Thawing frozen broccoli for 9 h did not support sulforaphane formation unless an exogenous source of myrosinase was added. Thermal stability studies showed that broccoli root, as a source of myrosinase, was not more heat stable than broccoli floret. Daikon radish root supported some sulforaphane formation even when heated at 125 °C for 10 min, a time and temperature comparable to or greater than microwave cooking. Daikon radish (0.25%) added to frozen broccoli that was then allowed to thaw supported sulforaphane formation without any visual alteration to that of untreated broccoli.
Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is associated with pulmonary edema after renal transplantation
Authors: HIGASHI M. , YAMAURA K. , IKEDA M. , SHIMAUCHI T. , SAIKI H. , HOKA S. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPost‐operative pulmonary complications are associated with high mortality and graft loss in renal transplantation recipients. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is not uncommon in patients with chronic renal failure, including those with preserved left ventricular systolic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and incidence of post‐operative pulmonary edema in renal transplantation recipients with preserved left ventricular systolic function.MethodsPre‐operative left ventricular function and incidence of pulmonary edema were retrospectively studied in 209 patients who underwent living‐donor renal transplantation between January 2010 and October 2012. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were evaluated by ejection fraction and E/E' ratio, retrospectively, using transthoracic echocardiography. Pulmonary edema was defined by evidence of pulmonary congestion on the chest X‐ray together with PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300 mmHg.ResultsEleven out of 190 (5.8%) renal transplantation patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function developed post‐operative pulmonary edema. Patients with pulmonary edema had a significantly higher geometric mean (95% confidence interval) of E/E' ratio than those without pulmonary edema [17.8 (14.1–22.5) vs. 11.1 (10.6–11.7), P = 0.001].ConclusionPre‐operative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction correlated with the development of post‐operative pulmonary edema in renal transplantation recipients. Meticulous intraoperative volume therapy is important to avoid post‐operative pulmonary edema in such patients.
Evidence for pleiotropism and recent selection in the PLAG1 region in Australian Beef cattle
Authors: Fortes M. R. S. , Kemper K. , Sasazaki S. , Reverter A. , Pryce J. E. , Barendse W. , Bunch R. , McCulloch R. , Harrison B. , Bolormaa S. , Zhang Y. D. , Hawken R. J. , Goddard M. E. , Lehnert S. A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA putative functional mutation (rs109231213) near PLAG1 (BTA14) associated with stature was studied in beef cattle. Data from 8199 Bos taurus, Bos indicus and Tropical Composite cattle were used to test the associations between rs109231213 and various phenotypes. Further, 23 496 SNPs located on BTA14 were tested for association with these phenotypes, both independently and fitted together with rs109231213. The C allele of rs109231213 significantly increased hip height, weight, net food intake, age at puberty in males and females and decreased IGF‐I concentration in blood and fat depth. When rs109231213 was fitted as a fixed effect in the model, there was an overall reduction in associations between other SNPs and these traits but some SNPs remained associated (P < 10−4). Frequency of the mutant C allele of rs109231213 differed among B. indicus (0.52), B. taurus (0.96) and Tropical Composite (0.68). Most chromosomes carrying the C allele had the same surrounding 10 SNP haplotype, probably because the C allele was introgressed into Brahman from B. taurus cattle. A region of reduced heterozygosity surrounds the C allele; this is small in B. taurus but 20 Mb long in Brahmans, indicating recent and strong selection for the mutant allele. Thus, the C allele appears to mark a mutation that has been selected almost to fixation in the B. taurus breeds studied here and introduced into Brahman cattle during grading up and selected to a frequency of 0.52 despite its negative effects on fertility.
Inhibition of capsaicin‐driven nasal hyper‐reactivity by SB‐705498, a TRPV1 antagonist
Authors: Holland Carlijn , van Drunen Cornelis , Denyer Jane , Smart Kevin , Segboer Christine , Terreehorst Ingrid , Newlands Amy , Beerahee Misba , Fokkens Wytske , Tsitoura Daphne C. 
Published: August 2013

AimsTo assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of intranasal SB‐705498, a selective TRPV1 antagonist.MethodsTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical studies were performed: (i) an intranasal SB‐705498 first time in human study to examine the safety and PK of five single escalating doses from 0.5 to 12 mg and of repeat dosing with 6 mg and 12 mg twice daily for 14 days and (ii) a PD efficacy study in subjects with non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR) to evaluate the effect of 12 mg intranasal SB‐705498 against nasal capsaicin challenge.ResultsSingle and repeat dosing with intranasal SB‐705498 was safe and well tolerated. The overall frequency of adverse events was similar for SB‐705498 and placebo and no dose‐dependent increase was observed. Administration of SB‐705498 resulted in less than dose proportional AUC(0,12 h) and Cmax, while repeat dosing from day 1 to day 14 led to its accumulation. SB‐705498 receptor occupancy in nasal tissue was estimated to be high (>80%). Administration of 12 mg SB‐705498 to patients with NAR induced a marked reduction in total symptom scores triggered by nasal capsaicin challenge. Inhibition of rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion and burning sensation was associated with 2‐ to 4‐fold shift in capsaicin potency.ConclusionsIntranasal SB‐705498 has an appropriate safety and PK profile for development in humans and achieves clinically relevant attenuation of capsaicin‐provoked rhinitis symptoms in patients with NAR. The potential impact intranasal SB‐705498 may have in rhinitis treatment deserves further evaluation.
Towards an integrative attachment‐based model of relationship functioning
Authors: Karantzas Gery C. , Feeney Judith A. , Goncalves Celia V. , McCabe Marita P. 
Published: August 2013

Based on attachment theory, this study developed a theory‐based model of heterosexual relationship functioning that examined both proximal and distal factors and both actor and partner effects. A particular focus was on the underexplored issue of double‐mediated effects between attachment orientation and relationship satisfaction. Data were collected from a community sample of 95 cohabiting and married couples with a mean age of 39.30 years. Participants completed measures of attachment, commitment, provision of partner support, trust, intimacy, destructive conflict management, and relationship satisfaction. The hypothesized model was largely supported. The association between attachment orientation and relationship satisfaction was mediated through a series of actor and partner variables. No gender differences were found across actor paths; however, differences were found in partner effects for men and women. The model has important implications for relationship researchers and practitioners.
Experiences of housing insecurity among participants of an early childhood intervention programme
Authors: Turnbull H. , Loptson K. , Muhajarine N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the barriers to programme success among high‐needs families in KidsFirst, an early childhood intervention programme.MethodsUsing a qualitative approach, a secondary analysis was performed using the qualitative data set (111 interviews and focus groups with 242 participants) from the KidsFirst programme evaluation. Data analysis was conducted to identify common experiences among high‐needs families in the programme and barriers to programme success.ResultsParticipants identified housing insecurity as a major factor impeding programme delivery, retention and successful outcomes. Housing insecurity was shown to create or exacerbate ongoing crises among high‐needs families. Only after housing insecurity was addressed were families able to benefit from the KidsFirst programme.ConclusionsThe findings of this research suggest that until baseline material security is established for high‐needs families, early childhood development (ECD) interventions will be limited in meeting their objectives. In order to have the most effect for those living in poverty, helping families to achieve basic material security, including secure housing, should precede the targeted provision of psychosocial ECD supports. This finding has implications for how ECD intervention programmes could more effectively be designed and whom they should target.
Adolescent Resilience: Promotive Factors That Inform Prevention
Authors: Zimmerman Marc A. , Stoddard Sarah A. , Eisman Andria B. , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Aiyer Sophie M. , Miller Alison 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResilience theory provides a framework for studying and understanding how some youths overcome risk exposure and guides the development of interventions for prevention using a strengths‐based approach. In this article, we describe basic concepts of the theory, such as promotive factors, and distinguish assets and resources that help youths overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We also present three models of resilience theory—compensatory, protective, and challenge—and review empirical research on three promotive factors—ethnic identity, social support, and prosocial involvement—that include individual, family, and community levels of analysis and have modifiable qualities for informing interventions. Finally, we present examples of how research findings from the three promotive factors can be translated into interventions to enhance youth development.
The role of orlistat combined with lifestyle changes in the management of overweight and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Panidis Dimitrios , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Papadakis Efstathios , Chatzis Panagiotis , Kandaraki Eleni A. , Tsourdi Elena A. , Katsikis Ilias 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObjectiveObesity is frequently present in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and aggravates insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia. We aimed to assess the effects of orlistat combined with lifestyle changes in overweight and obese women with PCOS and body mass index (BMI)‐matched controls.DesignProspective study.PatientsWe studied 101 women with PCOS (age 26·1 ± 6·4 years, BMI 34·5 ± 5·9 kg/m2) and 29 BMI‐matched women with normal ovulating cycles. All women were instructed to follow a low‐calorie diet to exercise and were treated with orlistat 120 mg tid for 6 months.MeasurementsMetabolic and endocrine characteristics of PCOS, blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile.ResultsA significant and comparable reduction in BMI was observed in women with PCOS and controls. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased only in women with PCOS. Serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased in both women with PCOS and controls; however, this reduction was greater in controls. In contrast, serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not change in women with PCOS and decreased in controls. Serum triglyceride levels decreased significantly and to a comparable degree in the two groups. Similarly, markers of IR improved significantly and to a comparable degree in women with PCOS and controls. Serum testosterone levels and the free androgen index decreased significantly in women with PCOS and did not change in controls.ConclusionsOrlistat combined with lifestyle changes induces substantial weight loss in women with PCOS, resulting in improvements in IR, hyperandrogenemia and cardiovascular risk factors.
Short Implants with Oxidized Surface in Posterior Areas of Atrophic Jaws: 3‐ to 5‐Year Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: De Santis Daniele , Cucchi Alessandro , Rigoni Giovanni , Longhi Carlo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe loss of one or more teeth has always been a reason for bone resorption and it can lead to a condition of “alveolar atrophy” that could make implant rehabilitation difficult.PurposeThe aim of this prospective study was to observe crestal bone loss and implant success of short implants with oxidized surfaces in patients with partially edentulous jaws after a 3‐ to 5‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsForty‐six patients with single or partial edentulism were treated consecutively from 2006 to 2008 using 107 short implants with oxidized surfaces, which were restored with a single crown or a partial fixed denture. Clinical and radiographic examinations were scheduled after functional loading of implants according to a well‐established protocol generally applied to determine implant success rates and crestal bone levels. Statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences or correlations between variables (p = .05).ResultsAfter a 3‐ to 5‐year follow‐up, 44 patients with 102 implants were still followed up according to previously established study protocol, because two patients with five implants dropped out. Ninety‐eight out of 102 implants are still functioning: four implants have been lost, with a survival rate of 96.1%. Moreover, a total of seven implants failed to meet the success criteria, resulting in a success rate of 93.1%. The mean bone loss was 0.9 ± 0.6 mm.ConclusionsMany authors had recently demonstrated the predictability of short implants in different clinical conditions after a short‐term follow‐up. After 3 to 5 years of functional loading, short implants used to restore posterior teeth seems to be a viable solution in order to simplify and shorten the treatment of patients with partial edentulous jaws. Long‐term follow‐up is recommended to definitively establish the predictability and efficiency of this kind of implant‐supported rehabilitation.
The Soft Tissue Immunologic Response to Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Transmucosal Implant Surfaces: A Study in Humans
Authors: De Wilde Elisabeth A.W.J. , Jimbo Ryo , Wennerberg Ann , Naito Yoshihito , Coucke Paul , Bryington Matthew S. , Vandeweghe Stefan , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the soft tissue response in humans immunologically and histologically after placement of mini‐implants coated with or without nano‐size hydroxyapatite coatings.Material and MethodsCommercially pure (cp) titanium mini‐implants (n = 13) or nano‐hydroxyapatite‐coated ones (n = 12) were randomly placed into partially edentulous jaws. Crevicular fluid was sampled 1 week after placement and subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to explore the inflammatory markers. After 8 weeks, implants and surrounding soft and hard tissue were trephined, and undecalcified ground sections were prepared. Inflammatory cell accumulation within a defined region of interest in the soft tissue was quantified histomorphometrically.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in immunological response to the different implant surfaces were found for IL‐6 (p = .438), TGF‐β2 (p = .467), MMP‐8 (p = .758), CCL‐3 (p = .758), IL‐8 (p = .771), and IL‐1β (0.771). Histomorphometric evaluation presented no statistically significant difference between the two mini‐implant surfaces with regards to number of inflammatory cells (p = .669).ConclusionNano‐hydroxyapatite‐coated surfaces in the transmucosal region yielded similar inflammatory response and is suggested to be as biocompatible as commercially pure titanium surfaces.