bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic Variation for Topic Shift and Other Functions in Local Contrasts in Conversation
Authors: Zellers Margaret 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Speakers and listeners have been shown to use phonetic cues to help them in tracking the ongoing structure of conversational interaction, but fragmentation between qualitative and quantitative research means that the forms and functions of these cues have been given varying characterizations. The current study explores prosodic variation in contrastive structures in conversational data, using a combined methodology adopting aspects from both qualitative (conversation analysis) and quantitative (experimental phonetics/phonology) approaches. Statistical and conversation-analytical methods used together reveal relationships between prosodic variation and interactional function, such as variations in pitch range across adjacent turns being linked to the presence of ‘stepwise' topic changes.
Interactions of heparin and a covalently-linked antithrombin-heparin complex with components of the fibrinolytic system
Authors: Chander Ankush , Atkinson Helen M. , Stevic Ivan , Berry Leslie R. , Kim Paul Y. , Chan Anthony K. C. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryUnfractionated heparin (UFH) is used as an adjunct during thrombolytic therapy. However, its use is associated with limitations, such as the inability to inhibit surface bound coagulation factors. We have developed a covalent conjugate of antithrombin (AT) and heparin (ATH) with superior anticoagulant properties compared with UFH. Advantages of ATH include enhanced inhibition of surface-bound coagulation enzymes and the ability to reduce the overall size and mass of clots in vivo. The interactions of UFH or ATH with the components of the fibrinolytic pathway are not well understood. Our study utilised discontinuous second order rate constant (k2
) assays to compare the rates of inhibition of free and fibrin-associated plasmin by AT+UFH vs ATH. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of AT+UFH and ATH on plasmin generation in the presence of fibrin. The k2
values for inhibition of plasmin were 5.74 ± 0.28 x 106 M-1 min-1 and 6.39 ± 0.59 x 106 M-1 min-1 for AT+UFH and ATH, respectively. In the presence of fibrin, the k2
values decreased to 1.45 ± 0.10 x 106 M-1 min1 and 3.07 ± 0.19 x 106 M-1 min-1 for AT+UFH and ATH, respectively. Therefore, protection of plasmin by fibrin was observed for both inhibitors; however, ATH demonstrated superior inhibition of fibrin-associated plasmin. Rates of plasmin generation were also decreased by both inhibitors, with ATH causing the greatest reduction (approx. 38-fold). Nonetheless, rates of plasmin inhibition were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than for thrombin, and in a plasma-based clot lysis assay ATH significantly inhibited clot formation but had little impact on clot lysis. Cumulatively, these data may indicate that, relative to coagulant enzymes, the fibrinolytic system is spared from inhibition by both AT+UFH and ATH, limiting reduction in fibrinolytic potential during anticoagulant therapy.
Comparison of the CHADS2, CHA2DS2 -VASc and HAS-BLED scores for the prediction of clinically relevant bleeding in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: The AMADEUS trial
Authors: Apostolakis Stavros , Lane Deirdre A. , Buller Harry , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMany of the risk factors for stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) are also important risk factors for bleeding. We tested the hypothesis that the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores (used for stroke risk assessment) could be used to predict serious bleeding, and that these scores would compare well against the HAS-BLED score, which is a specific risk score designed for bleeding risk assessment. From the AMADEUS trial, we focused on the trial’s primary safety outcome for serious bleeding, which was “any clinically relevant bleeding”. The predictive value of HAS-BLED/CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc were compared by area under the curve (AUC, a measure of the c-index) and the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI). Of 2,293 patients on VKA, 251 (11%) experienced at least one episode of “any clinically relevant bleeding” during an average 429 days follow up period. Incidence of “any clinically relevant bleeding” rose with increasing HAS-BLED/CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc scores, but was statistically significant only for HAS-BLED (p<0.0001). Only HAS-BLED demonstrated significant discriminatory performance for “any clinically relevant bleeding” (AUC 0.60, p<0.0001). There were significant AUC-differences between HAS-BLED (which had the highest AUC) and both CHADS2 (p<0.001) and CHA2DS2VASc (p=0.001). The HAS-BLED score also demonstrated significant NRI for the outcome of “any clinically relevant bleeding” when compared with CHADS2 (p=0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASc (p=0.04). In conclusion, the HAS-BLED score demonstrated significant discriminatory performance for “any clinically relevant bleeding” in anticoagulated patients with AF, whilst the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores did not. Bleeding risk assessment should be made using a specific bleeding risk score such as HAS-BLED, and the stroke risk scores such as CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores should not be used.
Loss of Collectrin, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Homolog, Uncouples Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Causes Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Cechova Sylvia , Zeng Qing , Billaud Marie , Mutchler Stephanie , Rudy Christine K. , Straub Adam C. , Chi Liqun , Chan Fang R. , Hu Jun , Griffiths Robert , Howell Nancy L. , Madsen Kirsten , Jensen Boye L. , Palmer Lisa A. , Carey Robert M. , Sung Sun-Sang J. , Malakauskas Sandra M. , Isakson Brant E. , Le Thu H. 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Collectrin is an orphan member of the renin-angiotensin system and is a homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sharing ≈50% sequence identity. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, collectrin lacks any catalytic domain. Collectrin has been shown to function as a chaperone of amino acid transporters. In rodents, the renal expression of collectrin is increased after subtotal nephrectomy and during high-salt feeding, raising the question of whether collectrin has any direct role in blood pressure regulation.

Methods and Results—

Using a susceptible genetic background, we demonstrate that deletion of collectrin results in hypertension, exaggerated salt sensitivity, and impaired pressure natriuresis. Collectrin knockout mice display impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation that is associated with vascular remodeling, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, decreased nitric oxide production, and increased superoxide generation. Treatment with Tempol, a superoxide scavenger, attenuates the augmented sodium sensitivity in collectrin knockout mice. We report for the first time that collectrin is expressed in endothelial cells. Furthermore, collectrin directly regulates
l
-arginine uptake and plasma membrane levels of CAT1 and y
+
LAT1 amino acid transporters in endothelial cells. Treatment with
l
-arginine modestly lowers blood pressure of collectrin knockout mice.

Conclusions—

Collectrin is a consequential link between the transport of
l
-arginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in hypertension.
The Greek Historia monachorum in Aegypto and Athanasius’ Life of Antony
Authors: Cain Andrew 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article examines possible literary sources underlying the Greek Historia monachorum in Aegypto, which was composed anonymously in the last decade of the fourth century, and argues that the Life of Antony, which Athanasius had released some forty years earlier, exercised a demonstrable influence over it.
An Investigation of the Aerosol Indirect Effect on Convective Intensity Using Satellite Observations
Authors: Wall Christina , Zipser Edward , Liu Chuntao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe effect of the environment on individual clouds makes it difficult to isolate the signal of the aerosol indirect effect, particularly at larger spatial and temporal scales. This study uses observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), CloudSat, and Aqua satellites to identify convective cloud systems in clean and dirty environments. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol index is collocated with radar precipitation features (RPFs) from TRMM and congestus cloud features (CFs) from CloudSat. The Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) is interpolated to identify the environmental profile surrounding each feature. Regions in Africa, the Amazon, the Atlantic Ocean, and the southwestern United States are examined. TRMM features in the Africa and Amazon regions are more intense and have higher lightning flash rates under dirty background conditions. RPFs in the southwestern United States are more intense under clean background conditions. The Atlantic region shows little difference in intensity. The differences found in the mean thermodynamic profile for RPFs forming in clean and dirty environments could explain these differences in convective intensity.Congestus identified with CloudSat show smaller differences between clouds forming in clean and dirty environments in Africa and the Amazon. Congestus in clean environments have higher reflectivities and generally larger widths, but no trend is seen in cloud-top height. The signal of the aerosol indirect effect is so small that it is very difficult to detect confidently using these methods. The environment must be considered in any study of the aerosol indirect effect, because important environmental changes can occur as aerosols are introduced to an air mass.
Quantifying the Strength and Delay of Climatic Interactions: The Ambiguities of Cross Correlation and a Novel Measure Based on Graphical Models
Authors: Runge Jakob , Petoukhov Vladimir , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Lagged cross-correlation and regression analysis are commonly used to gain insights into interaction mechanisms between climatological processes, in particular to assess time delays and to quantify the strength of a mechanism. Exemplified on temperature anomalies in Europe and the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, the authors study lagged correlation and regressions analytically for a simple model system. A strong dependence on the influence of serial dependencies or autocorrelation is demonstrated, which can lead to misleading conclusions about time delays and also obscures a quantification of the interaction mechanism.
To overcome these possible artifacts, the authors propose a two-step procedure based on the concept of graphical models recently introduced to climate research. In the first step, graphical models are used to detect the existence of (Granger) causal interactions that determine the time delays of a mechanism. In the second step, a certain partial correlation and a regression measure are introduced that allow one to specifically quantify the strength of an interaction mechanism in a well interpretable way that enables the exclusion of misleading effects of serial correlation as well as more general dependencies. The potential of the approach to quantify interactions between two and more processes is demonstrated by investigating teleconnections of ENSO and the mechanism of the Walker circulation.
The article is intended to serve as a guideline to interpret lagged correlations and regressions in the presence of autocorrelation and introduces a powerful approach to analyze time delays and the strength of an interaction mechanism.
Distinguishing Interannual Variations of the Northern and Southern Modes of the East Asian Winter Monsoon
Authors: Chen Zhang , Wu Renguang , Chen Wen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM)-related climate anomalies have shown large year-to-year variations in both the intensity and the meridional extent. The present study distinguishes the interannual variations of the low-latitude and mid- to high-latitude components of the EAWM to gain a better understanding of the characteristics and factors for the EAWM variability. Through composite analysis based on two indices representing the northern and southern components (modes) of the EAWM variability, the present study clearly reveals features unique to the northern and southern mode. The northern mode is associated with changes in the mid- to high-latitude circulation systems, including the Siberian high, the Aleutian low, the East Asian trough, and the East Asian westerly jet stream, whereas the southern mode is closely related to circulation changes over the global tropics, the North Atlantic, and North America. A strong northern mode is accompanied by positive, negative, and positive surface temperature anomalies in the Indochina Peninsula, midlatitude Asia, and northeast Russia, respectively. A strong southern mode features lower temperature over tropics and higher temperature over mid- to high-latitude Asia. While the southern mode is closely related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the northern mode does not show an obvious relation to the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) change or to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation (AO) on the interannual time scale. Distinct snow cover and sea ice changes appear as responses to wind and surface temperature changes associated with the two modes and their effects on the EAWM variability need to be investigated in the future.
The effectiveness of a physical activity stimulation programme for children with cerebral palsy on social participation, self-perception and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Van Wely Leontien , Balemans Astrid CJ , Becher Jules G , Dallmeijer Annet J 
Published: September 2013

Objective: To determine the effects of a six-month physical activity stimulation programme on social participation, self-perception and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Multicentre randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessments and intention-to-treat analysis. Setting: Paediatric physiotherapy practices, special schools for children with a disability, and the child’s own home. Subjects: Forty-nine children with spastic cerebral palsy (28 male), aged 7–13 years, able to walk with and without walking aids. Interventions: The intervention group followed a six-month physical activity stimulation programme involving counselling through motivational interviewing, home-based physiotherapy and four months of fitness training. The control group continued regular paediatric physiotherapy. Main measures: Outcomes included social participation in domestic life, social participation in recreation and leisure (Life-Habits for Children questionnaire and Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment questionnaire), self-perception (Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Children) and parent-reported quality of life (Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire). Assessments were performed at baseline, at six months (except quality of life) and at twelve months. Results: Intervention resulted in a positive effect on social participation in domestic life at twelve months (mean between-group difference = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1 to 1.7 [1–10 scale], P = 0.03), but not at six months. No significant effects were found for social participation in recreation and leisure, self-perception at six months and twelve months or for quality of life at twelve months. Conclusions: The combination of counselling, home-based physiotherapy and fitness training was not effective in improving social participation in recreation and leisure, self-perception or quality of life, but did show a potential for improving social participation in domestic life over the longer term.
Psychiatric comorbidities in allodynic migraineurs
Authors: Kao Chi-Han , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Tsai Chia-Fen , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling 
Published: September 2013

Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and the association of psychological disturbance in migraine patients with allodynia. Methods We recruited 434 migraine patients from an outpatient clinic. The participants completed three self-administered questionnaires, including a headache questionnaire, an allodynia symptoms checklist, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Among the migraineurs, 48.4% participants reported allodynia. The HADS total score (15.5 ± 7.8 vs. 13.7 ± 8.5, p = 0.022) and anxiety subscore (9.1 ± 4.5 vs. 7.6 ± 4.7, p = 0.001) were higher in migraineurs with allodynia than in those without allodynia. The anxiety subscore in patients with moderate to severe allodynia, mild allodynia, and no allodynia were 10.0 ± 4.5, 8.4 ± 4.3, and 7.6 ± 4.7 ( p < 0.001, by one-way analysis of variance). Among patients with moderate to severe allodynia, there was a trend of higher depression subscore (7.1 ± 4.0, p = 0.059) than those with no (6.1 ± 4.4) or mild allodynia (5.8 ± 4.0). In a regression model, the presence of allodynia is an independent risk factor for clinically significant anxiety. Moderate to severe allodynia is an independent risk factor for clinically significant depression. Conclusions In migraineurs, the severity of cutaneous allodynia was associated with their mood status, especially anxiety.
The Impact of Prenatal Employment on Breastfeeding Intentions and Breastfeeding Status at 1 Week Postpartum
Authors: Attanasio Laura , Kozhimannil Katy B. , McGovern Patricia , Gjerdingen Dwenda , Johnson Pamela Jo 
Published: September 2013

Background: Postpartum employment is associated with non-initiation and early cessation of breastfeeding, but less is known about the relationship between prenatal employment and breastfeeding intentions and behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the relationship between prenatal employment status, a strong predictor of postpartum return to work, and breastfeeding intentions and behaviors. Methods: Using data from the Listening to Mothers II national survey (N = 1573), we used propensity score matching methods to account for non-random selection into employment patterns and to measure the impact of prenatal employment status on breastfeeding intentions and behaviors. We also examined whether hospital practices consistent with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), assessed based on maternal perception, were differentially associated with breastfeeding by employment status. Results: Women who were employed (vs unemployed) during pregnancy were older, were more educated, were less likely to have had a previous cesarean delivery, and had fewer children. After matching, these differences were eliminated. Although breastfeeding intention did not differ by employment, full-time employment (vs no employment) during pregnancy was associated with decreased odds of exclusive breastfeeding 1 week postpartum (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.92; P = .028). Higher BFHI scores were associated with higher odds of breastfeeding at 1 week but did not differentially impact women by employment status. Conclusion: Women employed full-time during pregnancy were less likely to fulfill their intention to exclusively breastfeed, compared to women who were not employed during pregnancy. Clinicians should be aware that employment circumstances may impact women’s breastfeeding decisions; this may help guide discussions during clinical encounters.
Real time detection of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact
Authors: Hubbard Peter , Ward Chris , Dixon Roger , Goodall Roger 
Published: September 2013

Condition monitoring of railway vehicles has been highlighted by the railway industry as a key enabling technology for future system development. The primary uses for this could be the improvement of maintenance procedures and/or the identification of high-risk vehicle running conditions. Advanced processing of signals means these tasks could be accomplished without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper presents a system for the on-board detection of low-adhesion conditions during the normal operation of a railway vehicle. Two different processing methods are introduced. The first method is a model-based approach that uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate creep forces, with subsequent post processing for interpretation into adhesion levels. The second non model-based method targets the assessment of relationships between vehicle dynamic responses to observe any behavioural differences as a result of an adhesion-level change. Both methods are evaluated in specific case studies using a British Rail (BR) Mark 3 coach, inclusive of a BR BT-10 bogie, and a generic modern passenger vehicle based on a contemporary bogie design. These vehicles were chosen as typical application opportunities within the UK. The results are validated with data generated by the multi-body simulation software VAMPIRE® for realistic data inputs, representing a key scientific achievement.
Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Proclivity: Antecedents of Innovation
Authors: Otero-Neira Carmen , Arias Mª Jesús Fernández , Lindman Martti Tapio 
Published: September 2013

Purpose: Innovation has been traditionally considered as a generator of competitiveness. Despite the increasing importance of innovation in the literature, there is no agreement about its antecedents. This clearly makes difficult and risky for the managers to choose suitable strategies to promote and develop successful innovations. The present research attempts to contribute to this important area by providing some critical insights on the origins of the innovative behaviour of the firms; namely: market orientation and entrepreneurial proclivity. Design/methodology/approach: To reach our goal we used in-depth case research methodology in furniture firms from Italy, Spain and Finland. Findings: The article contributes to the understanding of why some firms are more innovative than others. The study shows some evidence that market orientation and the entrepreneurship can be considered as antecedents of innovation. Research limitations/implications: We provide evidence that the furniture industry shows a tendency to innovate based on its market orientation along with its entrepreneurial proclivity probably due to the fact that it is a traditional, non-globalized low-tech sector. Future studies might also address other variables related to different competitive settings. Practical implications: This work presents direct implications for companies aiming at improving their innovation capabilities. First, it is recommended that entrepreneurial firms should promote a market orientation philosophy, and second, they also need the top management commitment in terms of people and financial resources to achieve its goals. Originality/value: This article offers an insight to explain why some companies are more successful at starting and developing innovation than others. The finding that a successful innovation profile is related to entrepreneurship and the market orientation of the company represents an interesting contribution to the management of firms.