bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Lies behind the Returns to Schooling: The Role of Labor Market Sorting and Worker Heterogeneity
Authors: Portugal Pedro , Reis Hugo , Guimarães Paulo , Cardoso Ana Rute 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Do more educated workers earn higher wages partly because they have access to high-paying firms and occupations? We rely on linked employer-employee data to combine the estimation of AKM models with the decomposition of the returns to schooling. We exploit exogenous variation in education driven by changes in compulsory education. We show that education provides access to better-paying workplaces and occupations: 30 percent of the overall return to education operates through the workplace channel and 12 percent through the occupation channel. The remainder is associated exclusively with the individual. Match quality plays a modest role in the returns to education.
Language Barriers in Multinationals and Knowledge Transfers
Authors: Guillouët Louise , Khandelwal Amit K. , Macchiavello Rocco , Malhotra Madhav , Teachout Matthieu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study communication frictions within multinationals (MNCs), hypothesizing that language barriers reduce management knowledge transfers within the organization. A distinct feature of such MNCs is a three-tier hierarchy: foreign managers (FMs) supervise domestic managers (DMs) who supervise production workers. Tailored surveys from our setting – MNCs in Myanmar – reveal that language barriers impede interactions between FMs and DMs. A first experimental protocol offers DMs free English courses and confirms that lowering communications costs increases their interactions with FMs. A second experimental protocol that asks human-resource managers at domestic firms to rate hypothetical resumes reveals that multinational experience and, specifically, DM-FM interactions are valued in the domestic labor market. Together, these results suggest that reducing language barriers can improve transfers of management knowledge, an interpretation supported by improvements in soft skills among treatment DMs in the first experiment. A model in which communication within MNCs is non-contractible – a realistic feature of workplace life – reveals that the experimental results are consistent with underinvestment in language training and provide a rationale for policy intervention.
The First Sale Doctrine and Public Library Provision of Print and Electronic Books
Authors: Reimers Imke , Waldfogel Joel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Libraries deliver the majority of US book consumption, and library costs are kept low by the first sale doctrine's guarantee that libraries can lend print books without additional compensation to publishers. However, publishers' decisions to restrict ebook access may threaten libraries. We measure impacts of holdings on circulation; and library holdings choices suggest that library managers value instances of ebook circulation more than print. We use a structural model of patron demand and library holdings to show that more restrictive print book terms would have ten times the negative patron welfare impact of an equivalent restriction on ebooks.
Measuring Economic Growth with a Fully Identified Three-Signal Model
Authors: Civelli Andrea , Gaduh Arya , Yousuf Ahmed Sadek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We augment Henderson et al. (2012)'s two-signal model of true GDP growth with a third signal to overcome its underidentification problem. The additional moment conditions from the third signal help fully identify all model parameters without ad-hoc calibrations of the GDP's signal-to-noise ratio. We characterize the necessary properties of the third signal. Using the model, we recover the optimal weight of official GDP in the composite true GDP growth estimates, which varies with the quality of the national statistics. The model improves on existing methodologies that use signals to measure true income.
Enabling the Assimilation of CrIS Shortwave Infrared Observations in Global NWP at NOAA. Part I: Background and Methods
Authors: Jones Erin , Garrett Kevin , Ide Kayo , Ma Yingtao , Karpowicz Bryan , Barnet Christopher , Boukabara Sid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Radiance observations from Earth-observing satellites have a significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts, but some spectral regions are not fully exploited. Observations from hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders in the longwave region (650–1100 cm−1), for instance, are routinely assimilated in many NWP models, but observations in the shortwave region (2155–2550 cm−1) are not. Each of these regions provides information on the temperature structure of the atmosphere, but the shortwave IR (SWIR) region is considered challenging to assimilate due to noise-equivalent delta temperature (NEDT) that is highly variable depending on scene brightness temperature and to phenomena that are difficult to model, like nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) and solar reflectance. With recent advances in small-satellite technology, SWIR temperature sounders may provide an agile and cost-effective complement to the current constellation of IR sounders. Therefore, a better understanding of the use and impact of SWIR observations in data assimilation for NWP is warranted. In Part I of this study, as presented here, the amount of unique information [as determined by empirical orthogonal decomposition (EOD)] made available to a data assimilation system by Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) SWIR observations is reviewed, recent advancements to the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) for the simulation of CrIS shortwave radiances are tested, and enhancements to NOAA’s Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) for the assimilation of CrIS SWIR observations are implemented and evaluated. Part II of this study, which seeks to assess the value of assimilating shortwave IR observations in global NWP, is also introduced.
Poverty and Inequality in Jammu and Kashmir: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Mushtaq Saeed Owais , Khan Javaid Iqbal , Majeed Mehak 
Published: August 2024

The importance of adult equivalence and economies of scale in the estimation of poverty and inequality are well-established. Empirical investigations have validated that all measures of poverty and inequality are sensitive to various choices of equivalence scales. The current research attempts to examine the effects of equivalence scales on poverty and inequality measurement within the region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in order to validate whether poverty estimates are sensitive to these scales or not. Despite being industrially backward and politically fragile, J&K reflects better economic indicators than most other Indian states. The findings of the current study validate the same. The application of adult equivalence generates mixed results, and the economies of scale highlight the fact that standard measures of poverty and inequality are overstated. Most importantly, welfare rank reversal takes place when household size and gender of the household are tested for. JEL Codes: D63, I32, P43
Research on rapid stabilization of aero-engine casings subjected to shock loads using nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Liu Shen , Ma Yingqun , Zhao Wei , Hao Long , Bai Sujuan , Zhao Qingjun 
Published: August 2024

In this study, we study the application of nonlinear energy sinks (NES) for targeted vibration energy transfer and absorption in aero-engine casings subjected to shock loads. A simplified single-degree-of-freedom model with an attached NES is characterized to understand the influence of control parameters such as damping and nonlinear stiffness on the NES. Using the complexification-averaging (CX-A) technique, we analyze the main dynamic characteristics of the vibration system, revealing nonlinear normal modes (NNM) and the energy localization phenomenon that enables targeted energy transfer. Then we establish a thin-walled casing model with an NES and calculate its vibration energy transfer under shock load. The results of this study are as follows: (1) NNMs are related to initial energy, with energy localization leading to targeted vibration energy transfer and dissipation; (2) NES operates optimally within a specific energy domain, exceeding this domain reduces its effectiveness, which is primarily influenced by the NES’s nonlinear stiffness; (3) Optimizing the NES’s nonlinear stiffness on the thin-walled casing achieves targeted shock energy transfer and dissipation, significantly reducing the casing’s vibration amplitude (from 0.008 m to 0.003 m, a 62.5% reduction) and stabilization time (from 0.007s to 0.002s, a 71% reduction). The study’s results are instructive for achieving rapid stabilization of aero-engine casings under shock excitation, providing insights into the mechanism of NES and the impact of damping and nonlinear stiffness on its performance. This research guides the optimized design of NES for thin-walled casings to effectively dissipate shock-induced vibrations.
Comparison and use of explainable machine learning-based survival models for heart failure patients
Authors: Shi Tao , Yang Jianping , Zhang Ningli , Rong Wei , Gao Lusha , Xia Ping , Zou Jie , Zhu Na , Yang Fazhi , Chen Lixing 
Published: August 2024

Objective Explainable machine learning (XAI) was introduced in this study to improve the interpretability, explainability and transparency of the modelling results. The survex package in R was used to interpret and compare two survival models – the Cox proportional hazards regression (coxph) model and the random survival forest (rfsrc) model – and to estimate overall survival (OS) and its determinants in heart failure (HF) patients using these models. Methods We selected 1159 HF patients hospitalised at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. First, the performance of the two models was investigated using the C-index, the integrated C/D AUC, and the integrated Brier score. Second, a global explanation of the whole cohort was carried out using the time-dependent variable importance and the partial dependence survival profile. Finally, the SurvSHAP(t) and SurvLIME plots and the ceteris paribus survival profile were used to obtain a local explanation for each patient. Results By comparing the C-index, the C/D AUC, and the Brier score, this study showed that the model performance of rfsrc was better than coxph. The global explanation of the whole cohort suggests that the C-reactive protein, lg BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin, age and blood chloride were significant unfavourable predictors of OS in HF patients in both the cxoph and the rfsrc models. By including individual patients in the model, we can provide a local explanation for each patient, which guides the clinician in individualising the patient's treatment. Conclusion By comparison, we conclude that the model performance of rfsrc is better than that of coxph. These two predictive models, which address not only the whole population but also selected patients, can help clinicians personalise the treatment of each HF patient according to his or her specific situation.
Dentinal Crack Formation Induced by Ultrasonic Tips and Laser as Compared to Conventional Burs During Root-end Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jitendra Khairajani Dipti , Borkar Anamika C. , Aras Sanket , Gambhir Apeksha , Nihalani Harsha , Humnabad Vamshi Krishna 
Published: August 2024

Aim: The objective was to evaluate and compare the crack formation induced by ultrasonic tips and lasers with conventional burs during root-end preparation. Materials and Methods: The PROSPERO registration code for this study is CRD42023470898. Both manual and electronic database searches were performed up to 2023, August in three databases, namely, the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar. In vitro or laboratory studies that employed the use of ultrasonic tips, LASER and conventional burs for root-end preparation on extracted teeth were collected. The data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a predesigned template. Information about the study design, year, full-text publications, inclusion and exclusion criteria were gathered. The PRISMA guidelines 2020 were followed in the reporting and execution of the systematic review and meta-analysis. To evaluate statistical heterogeneity, χ² values and I² values were employed in conjunction with a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 689 articles were identified. After removing the duplicates in total 567 articles were screened. Finally, six articles were included in the meta-analysis. QUIN Risk of Bias tool showed an overall moderate risk of bias in the included studies. The pooled odds ratio for crack formation was 1.77 (0.82, 3.82) for ultrasonic tips and conventional burs suggesting higher odds of crack formation for ultrasonic tips. Conclusion: None of the included studies provided information on sample size calculation, sampling technique, randomization or blinding. The meta-analysis suggests higher chances of crack formation from ultrasonic followed by laser and conventional burs preparation. Therefore, efforts to standardize an acceptable procedure for root-end cavity preparation should be made in future study, along with encouragement of the clinical application of the same, taking into account issues like economic feasibility and convenience of usage.
Comparative analysis among therapeutic modalities in ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma and identification of imaging predictors for survival
Authors: Nimitrungtawee Natthaphong , Phinyo Phichayut , Chalidapong Piemkamol , Inmutto Nakarin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) poses a life-threatening complication with a mortality rate of 25–75%. Treatment aims at achieving hemostasis and includes options such as trans-arterial embolization, perihepatic packing, and hepatic resection. The optimal treatment remains a subject of debate. Our retrospective review evaluates these treatments and investigates imaging’s role in prognosis for rHCC patients.

Purpose
We aimed to compare survival outcomes among rHCC patients who received transarterial embolization (TAE), surgery (perihepatic packing, hepatectomy), or best supportive care (BSC), while also identifying predictive imaging factors in these patients.

Materials and methods
All patients diagnosed with rHCC and admitted to Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hospital between January 2012 and December 2021 were included. We reviewed clinical features, imaging results, treatment modalities, and outcomes. In order to balance pretreatment confounders, inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was employed. Flexible parametric survival regression was utilized to compare survival outcomes and identify imaging factors predicting the survival of rHCC patients. Hazard ratios (HR) and the difference in restricted mean survival time (RMST) were reported.

Result
Among the 186 rHCC patients included, we observed 90-day and 1-year mortality rates of 64% and 84%, respectively. Both the TAE and surgery groups exhibited significantly lower 1-year mortality rates compared to BSC. The HR were 0.56 (95% CI 0.33–0.96) for TAE and 0.52 (95% CI 0.28–0.95) for surgery compared to BSC. Both the TAE and surgery also significantly extended the 1-yeaar life expectancy post-initial treatment when compared to BSC, with an RMST difference of + 55.40 days (95% CI 30.18–80.63) for TAE vs. BSC and + 68.43 days (95% CI 38.77–98.09) for surgery vs. BSC. The presence of active contrast extravasation and bleeding in both lobes were independent prognostic factors for 1-year survival.

Conclusions
TAE and surgical treatments provide comparable survival benefits for rHCC patients, extending survival time by approximately 2 months compared to best supportive care. We strongly recommend active management for all rHCC patients whenever possible.
Parental domestic violence and abuse, mental ill-health, and substance misuse and the impact on child mental health: a secondary data analysis using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Allen Kate , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Ford Tamsin , Bonell Chris , Berry Vashti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Parental domestic violence and abuse (DVA), mental ill-health (MH), and substance misuse (SU) can have a negative impact on both parents and children. However, it remains unclear if and how parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster and the impacts this clustering might have. We examined how parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood, the demographic/contextual profiles of these clusters, and how these clusters relate to child MH trajectories.

Methods
We examined data from 15,377 families in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We used: (1) latent class analysis to create groups differentially exposed to parental DVA, MH, and SU at age three; (2) latent growth curve modelling to create latent trajectories of child MH from ages 3–17; and (3) a case-weight approach to relate latent classes to child MH trajectories.

Results
We identified three latent classes: high-frequency alcohol use (11.9%), elevated adversity (3.5%), and low-level adversity (84.6%). Children in the elevated adversity class had higher probabilities of being from low-socioeconomic backgrounds and having White, younger parents. Children exposed to elevated adversity displayed worse MH at age three (intercept = 2.274; p < 0.001) compared the low-level adversity (intercept = 2.228; p < 0.001) and high-frequency alcohol use class (intercept = 2.068; p < 0.001). However, latent growth factors (linear and quadratic terms) of child MH did not differ by latent class.

Conclusions
Parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood and this has a negative impact on children’s MH at age three, leading to similar levels of poor MH across time. Intervening early to prevent the initial deterioration, using a syndemic-approach is essential.
The association between ibuprofen administration in children and the risk of developing or exacerbating asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baxter Luke , Cobo Maria M. , Bhatt Aomesh , Slater Rebeccah , Sanni Olutoba , Shinde Nutan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drugs in children. However, its potential causal role in childhood asthma pathogenesis remains uncertain. In this systematic review, we assessed the association between ibuprofen administration in children and the risk of developing or exacerbating asthma.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 2022, with no language limits; searched relevant reviews; and performed citation searching. We included studies of any design that were primary empirical peer-reviewed publications, where ibuprofen use in children 0–18 years was reported. Screening was performed in duplicate by blinded review. In total, 24 studies met our criteria. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 and NOS tools. Quantitative data were pooled using fixed effect models, and qualitative data were pooled using narrative synthesis. Primary outcomes were asthma or asthma-like symptoms. The results were grouped according to population (general, asthmatic, and ibuprofen-hypersensitive), comparator type (active and non-active) and follow-up duration (short- and long-term).

Results
Comparing ibuprofen with active comparators, there was no evidence of a higher risk associated with ibuprofen over both the short and long term in either the general or asthmatic population. Comparing ibuprofen use with no active alternative over a short-term follow-up, ibuprofen may provide protection against asthma-like symptoms in the general population when used to ease symptoms of fever or bronchiolitis. In contrast, it may cause asthma exacerbation for those with pre-existing asthma. However, in both populations, there were no clear long-term follow-up effects.

Conclusions
Ibuprofen use in children had no elevated risk relative to active comparators. However, use in children with asthma may lead to asthma exacerbation. The results are driven by a very small number of influential studies, and research in several key clinical contexts is limited to single studies. Both clinical trials and observational studies are needed to understand the potential role of ibuprofen in childhood asthma pathogenesis.
Evaluation of the impact of an online video game as an educational intervention on sexual health and the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually transmitted infection: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Martinez-Satorres Alba , Roca-Saumell Carme , Escale-Besa Anna , Arcarons-Marti Marta , Fernandez-Segura Francisco Javier , Wagner Carolina Allegra , Pires-Nuñez Pablo , Turmo-Tristan Nuria , Diez-Garcia Lorena , Maron-Lopez Andrea , Marti-Oltra Zulema , Vanrell-Nicolau Marta , Da Silva Torres Sonia , Ruiz-Torres Alvaro , Pino-Prieto Pablo , Pillay Dhyaanenshan , Casaldaliga-Sola Angels , Lazaro-Navarro Xavi , Lasagabaster-Uriarte Maria , Martin Maria Isabel Fernandez-San 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is increasing, especially among young people. Tools are needed to increase knowledge about sex education and STI prevention and treatment. Gamification can be a good training tool for both young people and health professionals. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of a training intervention on STI prevention, detection, and treatment in primary care professionals.

Methods/design
Multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial.
Groups of primary care professionals will receive an intervention (online video game on sex education and STIs [SEXIT]) and will be compared with control groups that will not receive the intervention. Group assignments will be randomized by clusters.
The study will consist of a pre-post evaluation of the intervention: a knowledge test will be administered before and after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. This test will also be carried out on the same time sequence in the control groups. The impact of the training intervention will be assessed over a 6-month period, focusing on various variables associated with the clinical management of STIs. This evaluation entails the clinical records of diagnostic tests and antibiotic prescriptions related to the clinical approach to STIs.
The required sample size is 262 (131 per group).

Discussion
Compared with those in the control group, improvements in knowledge and clinical behavioural outcomes after the intervention are expected for participants in the intervention groups. We plan to develop an educational video game to increase the knowledge about sexuality, STIs and violence.
Protocol registered at ISRCTN with reference number ISRCTN17783607.