bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Ultrasound Intramuscular Fat Content in Musculus Longissimus Dorsi of Beef Bulls Estimated with Bia Pro Plus Software / Czynniki wpływające na ultrasonograficzną ocenę udziału tłuszczu śródmięśniowego mięśnia najdłuższego grzbietu buhajów mięsnych
Authors: Newlacil Irmina , Demkowicz Monika , Paczyńska Katarzyna , Kuropka Piotr , Szulc Tadeusz 
Published: August 2013

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ultrasound gain level, chemical composition and histological structure of musculus longissimus dorsi on pre-slaughter ultrasound evaluation of intramuscular fat content in m.l.d. of beef bulls. The study was conducted on 217 young bulls of six breeds: Red Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Limousin, Salers, and beef type Simmental. Measurements were conducted with an ultrasound system Aloka SSD-500 at five gain levels (90, 85, 80, 75, 70). After slaughter the content of intramuscular fat, total protein, connective tissue and muscle fibre type and diameter of m.l.d. were determined. Ultrasound evaluation of the intramuscular fat depended on the actual intramuscular fat and the total protein content (P<0.01) in most of the measurements. The correlation between actual and ultrasound measurement of intramuscular fat content ranged from 0.2 to 0.36, and was highly significant for most of the ultrasound gain levels. There were highly significant (P<0.01) and significant (P<0.05) negative correlations between the total protein and ultrasound fat content (r = -0.17 to -0.31). The connective tissue percentage showed a significant effect on the ultrasound fat measurements at gains of 75 and 85. Ultrasound intramuscular fat content was positively correlated with the connective tissue in the m.l.d. at gain levels of 75 and 85 and the average ultrasound intramuscular fat measurement (r = 0.16, 0.20, 0.16). Highly significant and significant correlations between each ultrasound measurement were observed.
Assessment of in Vitro Developmental Capacity of Porcine Nuclear-Transferred Embryos Reconstituted with Cumulus Oophorus Cells Undergoing Vital Diagnostics for Apoptosis Detection / Ocena zdolności rozwojowych in vitro klonalnych zarodków świni rekonstytuowanych z jąder komórek wzgórka jajonośnego poddawanych przyżyciowej diagnostyce w kierunku wykrywania apoptozy
Authors: Samiec Marcin , Skrzyszowska Maria 
Published: August 2013

Abstract The objective of the current investigation was to extensively compare the in vitro developmental capabilities between cloned pig embryos reconstructed with the cell nuclei of either cumulus oophorus cells or adult dermal fibroblast cells that were both evaluated as non-apoptotic on the basis of YO-PRO-1- and Annexin V-eGFP-mediated vital analysis for programmed cell suicide. In Group I, the competences of nuclear-transferred (NT) embryos that were derived from non-apoptotic/ non-necrotic (i.e., YO-PRO-1- and Annexin V-eGFP-negative) cumulus cells to complete their development to the morula and blastocyst stages were maintained at the proportions of 155/364 (42.6%) and 54/364 (14.8%), respectively. In Group II, NT embryos that were reconstituted with non-apoptotic and/or non-necrotic adult cutaneous fibroblast cells developed to the morula and blastocyst stages at the rates of 207/358 (57.8%) and 110/358 (30.7%), respectively. Although the in vitro developmental potential of porcine NT embryos derived from non-apoptotic/non-necrotic cumulus cells was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that of NT embryos reconstructed with adult dermal fibroblast cells, the obtained morula/blastocyst formation rates turned out to be considerably higher as compared to the rates reported by other investigators. Altogether, to our knowledge, the comprehensive research aimed at the determination of preimplantation developmental outcomes of cloned pig embryos produced using nuclear donor somatic cells of different provenance (cumulus oophorus cells or adult cutaneous fibroblast cells) that were vitally diagnosed for the lack of proapoptotic transformations in their plasma membranes has not yet been accomplished.
Synovial Fluid MMP-2 and MMP-9 Levels in Internal or External Fixation for Intra-Articular Fractures / Poziom MMP-2 i MMP-9 w mazi stawowej przy wewnętrznym i zewnętrznym zespoleniu po złamaniach wewnątrzstawowych
Authors: Tsai Kunyang , Pead Matthew J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether internal fixation or external skeletal fixation (ESF) results in better “joint health” following traumatic injury to the stifle by assessing lameness and measuring matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. Dogs with skin grafts and transarticular ESFs were included in group A. Dogs with intra-articular fractures of the distal femur were randomly divided into groups B and C, and treated with either internal or ESF, respectively. Dogs in group D had diaphyseal tibial fractures treated with ESF. Synovial fluid samples were collected pre-operatively and again 7 days and 30 days postoperatively to measure MMP-2 and -9 levels via zymography. Preoperative MMP-9 levels were higher in groups B and C than A and D. Over time, MMP-2 levels increased in groups A-C, and MMP-9 levels significantly decreased in groups B and C by 30 days postoperatively. ESF appears superior to internal fixation for repair of intra-articular fractures of the distal femur, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 could serve as markers of either fracture healing or overall joint health, particularly in the setting of PTOA.
The effect of rootstock on the growth and yielding of ‘Regina’ cherry trees
Authors: Wociór Stanisław 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The studies conducted in the years 2004 - 2006 in a production orchard in the habitat conditions of the Wyżyna Sandomierska showed that the trees budded on Mazzard seedling grew more strongly than on Colt rootstock. No significant differences were observed between the rootstocks as for the trunk thickness and the crown size of young trees planted in 2001. In the group of trees planted in 1996, which were in the period of full fruiting, the crowns of trees budded on Mazzard seedling were significantly bigger than on Colt rootstock. No significant differences were found in the yielding of trees grafted on Mazzard seedling and Colt rootstock. Considerable differences in the yielding between the studied years in the group of older trees point to a big influence of the weather on the fruiting of cherry. A significant decrease of the yield in 2005 was caused by spring ground frost, while in 2006 by frozen short shoots in winter. ‘Regina’ is a valuable cultivar for production planting in the Wyżyna Sandomierska. It begins the fruiting period late (the first commercial yield in the fifth year after planting); however, it gives attractive fruits, resistant to cracking in the rain. ‘Regina’ yielded abundantly on both examined rootstocks.
The kind of pollination and ability to parthenocarpy of pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.)
Authors: Kowalczyk Katarzyna 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The objective of the research was to assess a grade of parthenocarpic fruit and fruitsetting following cross-pollination and self-pollination in pepino plants (Solanum muricatum Ait.). An experiment with six pepino clones of different origin was set up in glasshouse conditions. Experimental clones were subjected to the following treatments: self-pollination, cross-pollination, and emasculation without any control. The tested clones of pepino were self-pollinated, capable of cross pollination and facultative parthenocarpic. The differences between clones in their ability to parthenocarpic fruit formation were observed. The ripening period of pepino fruits and their weight depended on a clone.
Employment of encapsulation-dehydration method for liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of ornamental plant explants propagated in vitro
Authors: Pawłowska Bożena 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the present studies, an attempt has been made to develop a method of liquid nitrogen preservation of plant explants propagated in vitro in the laboratory of the Department of Ornamental Plants, of Agricultural University in Kraków: shoot apical and axillary meristems of Rosa ‘New Dawn’, somatic embryos of snowdrops Galanthus nivalis L. and G. elwesii Hook, and gametophyte of Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm. (golden polypody). After encapsulation of plant material, it was dehydrated by quick method (capsules were placed in liquid media containing 0.75 M sucrose for 18 h) or by gradual method (capsules were transferred to liquid solutions of media with increasing sucrose concentrations from 0.3 M to 1 M for consecutive 7 days). Moreover, some explants for cryopreservation were treated with the medium containing elevated sucrose level (0.25 M) for 8 weeks
Studies on the sensitivity of some species and cultivars of lawn grasses on salinity with sodium chloride during the seed germination and first year of growth
Authors: Borowski Edward 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the years 2005 - 2006 studies were conducted in a growth chamber and a vegetation hall which compared tolerance to NaCl salinity of seeds and plants of some lawn grasses. The effect of sodium chloride salinity on the germination of 4 species of grasses i.e. Lolium perenne cv. ‘Info’, Festuca rubra cv. ‘Audio’, Agrostis capillaris cv. ‘Niwa’, Poa pratensis cv. ‘Alicja’ and 4 cultivars of Lolium prenne - ‘Nira’, ‘Stadion’, ‘Ronija’, ‘Darius’ was studied. The grass seeds germinated in Petri dishes, in darkness, at the temperature of 24°C. Besides the control, 3 levels of salinity were used in the studies: 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrated that the growing level of salinity in the environment significantly decreased the germinating speed, the number of the produced roots, the length of the longest root, and the length of the coleoptile in the seedlings of all studied grass species. Lolium perenne seeds tolerated salinity the best, and next - in a diminishing sequence - those were the seeds of Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris and Poa pratensis. However, the obtained data showed that tolerance to salinity of the analyzed cultivars of Lolium prenne decreased in the following sequence ‘Ronija’ > ‘Stadion’ > ‘Nira’ > ‘Darius’.
In a vegetation hall tolerance to NaCl salinity of these 4 cultivars of Lolium perenne in the first year growth was compared. The plants grew in pots of 2 dm3 filled with a mixture of universal earth and river sand (3:1 / v:v) with the soil moisture of 70% and 3 levels of salinity: 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrated that in all studied cultivars the increase of the salinity level caused a significant decrease of the yield of the leaf dry weight from the successive grass crops, and an increase of the content of sodium, chloride and free proline in them. The greatest tolerance to NaCl salinity in the group of the studied cultivars was shown by ‘Ronija’, medium tolerance - by ‘Darius’ and ‘Stadion’, and the lowest one - by ‘Nira’. This resulted from the degree of accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions and proline in those conditions. The cultivars with higher tolerance accumulated fewer osmotically active compounds in the leaves.
Some nutritional constituents in bulbs of selected Allium cultivars
Authors: Leja Maria , Kołton Anna , Kamińska Iwona , Wyżgolik Gabriela , Matuszak Wojciech 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Two years experiment was carried out to compare the nutritional composition in bulbs of ten onion cultivars grown in the field conditions. Pyruvic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars were determined in the edible part of onion bulbs. In most cultivars the content of pyruvate as the pungency index was ranged between 3-7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (medium pungency), however, three of them exceeded 7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (high pungency). A higher level of pyruvate corresponded in most cases with higher sugar content but was not correlated with that of ascorbic acid.
The usefulness of chitosan and Pythium oligandrum in potato tuber protection against Helminthosporium solani
Authors: Kurzawińska Halina , Mazur Stanisław 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The effect of tuber dressing and plant spraying with Biochikol 020 PC (B.A.S. chitosan) and with Polyversum bio-preparation (B.A.S. Pythium oligandrum) on the infestation of stored tubers by Helminthosporium solani was studied. Vitavax 2000 FS (B.A.S. karboxin and thiuram) was used as a standard fungicide. The effect of these preparations applied at three different concentrations on H. solani mycelium linear growth was investigated under in vitro conditions according to the Kowalik and Krechniak method (1961). The application of all tested preparations during potato vegetation resulted in both lower (in comparison to the control) mean infestation degree and lower percent of tubers infected by this pathogen. Results showed that all preparations inhibited H. solani mycelium linear growth.
Effect of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed viability on drying dynamics
Authors: Ratajczak Krzysztof , Hołubowicz Roman 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
‘Tina’ and ‘Libra’ cultivar seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) beginning germination capacity of 98%, were subjected to artificial ageing. In the thermal chamber, they were twice treated for 72 hours at 45°C. After the treatment, the seeds had lower viability. They germinated at 12% and 0% for ‘Libra’ and ‘Tina’ cultivars, respectively. The dynamics and rate of seed drying were measured in samples with high and low viability. It was found that the seeds of both cultivars with high viability, expressed by high germination capacity, dried at a slower rate than ones with low viability. In the future, this method of estimating the drying rate could probably be used to test seeds with different degrees of viability.
The effect of bio-preparations on the infestation of tubers by Streptomyces spp.
Authors: Kurzawińska Halina , Stanisław Mazur 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The effect of tuber dressing and plant spraying with Polyversum (B.A.S. Pythium oligandrum) and Biochikol 020 PC (B.A.S. chitosan) bio-preparations on the infestation of potatoe tubers by Streptomyces spp. was studied during the 2005-2007 years. The Vitavax 2000 FS (B.A.S. karboxin and thiuram) was used as a standard fungicide.
The results received from field experiments indicate that, during all years of study these preparations significantly reduced tubers infestation by Streptomyces spp. The Polyversum bio-preparation, which was applied to tuber dressing and sprayed on plants four times during vegetation period, showed the best protective effect against Streptomyces spp.
Effect of bulb size on selected morphological characteristics of seed stalks, seed yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds
Authors: Morozowska Maria , Hołubowicz Roman 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the years 2002 − 2004 research was carried out on the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.) ‘Wolska’ bulb size on selected morphological characteristics of seed stalks, seed yield and quality. Commercial bulbs (vernalised, one-year-old mother bulbs) were divided into three groups: small, medium and large, with diameters of 4.2-5.3 cm, 5.4-6.3 cm and 6.4-8.5 cm, respectively. Then, the bulbs of each group were planted in the field and grown routinely with the purpose of producing seeds. The following characters were measured on the seed stalks: number and height of seed stalks grown out from one bulb, the seed stalks’ diameter at the height of 10 cm above the ground, the diameter of the inflorescence, seed yield from a single stalk and from the entire plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of seeds in 1 g, length and width of the seeds, length and width of the embryos, and germination energy and capacity. Our experiments showed a significant influence of bulb size on the number of seed stalks and the inflorescence diameter. It was discovered that the big bulbs gave larger numbers of seed stalks than the seed stalks grown from the medium and small ones. Small bulbs gave seed stalks with smaller inflorescences than the medium and large ones. The bulb size had no effect on the seed stalk height or their diameter when measured at the level of 10 cm above the ground. The bulb size also did not affect seed yield per one seed stalk, but it did affect the seed yield obtained from the entire plant, which was bigger for plants grown from large bulbs in comparison with the small ones. The size of the bulbs had no effect on either the weight of 1000 seeds or the number of seeds in 1 g. It did not affect either the seed and embryo length and width or the seed germination energy and capacity.
The effects of triacontanol ‘TRIA’ and Asahi SL on the development and metabolic activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants treated with chilling
Authors: Borowski Edward , Blamowski Zbyszek K. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In a potted experiment the influence of foliar application of triacontanol (TRIA) at the concentrations of 0.01; 0.10; 1.00 mg dm-3, and Asahi SL at the concentrations of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3% on the growth and yielding of plants was studied. Electrolyte leakage, water saturation deficit, contents of proline and chlorophyll a + b in leaves, as well as the maximum quantum efficiency of chlorophyll (Fv/Fm) and gas exchange in plants which were treated for five days in temperatures of 15/7°C (day/night) were also examined.
The achieved results showed that periodic chilling decreased the value of all the analysed parameters of the plants to a significant degree, with the exception of electrolyte leakage, water saturation deficit and proline content, whose values under these conditions increased. Triacontanol and Asahi SL favourably influenced both the plants treated and not treated with periodic chilling, but the effect of biostimulators on plants treated with chilling stress was clearly higher. The negative influence of chilling on the plants of Ocimum basilicum L. was decreased by TRIA in the concentration 0.10 mg dm-3, and by Asahi SL in the concentration of 0.2 and 0.3%.
The effect of calcium carbonate and top dressing with Peters Professional Special on the growth and flowering of Helleborus lividus Aiton
Authors: Henschke Monika , Szczepaniak Stanisława , Czuchaj Piotr , Kozik Elżbieta 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
For two years (2006 − 2007), seedlings and young plants of Helleborus lividus Aiton were grown in containers with a peat substrate, which was deacidified with calcium carbonate at the following doses: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g dm-3. The plants were divided into two groups in each variant of CaCO3 dosage, one fertilized with a solution of a lower (0.1%) and the other with a higher (0.3%) concentration of Peters Professional PL Special (15:11:29). Helleborus lividus growth in the first year of cultivation depended on the calcium carbonate dose. Taller plants, with a higher number of leaves, were produced using calcium carbonate at a dose of CaCO3 2.5-5.0 g dm-3. In the second year of cultivation good quality plants - taller, with higher numbers of leaves and shoots, were produced when grown in a substrate with 2.5-7.5 g CaCO3 per dm3. The application of solutions of various concentrations in top dressing did not have an effect on the growth of Helleborus lividus in the first year of cultivation, while in the second year taller plants, with more leaves as well as flowers and buds, were produced when applying a 0.3% fertilizer solution.
Effect of foliar feeding on yield and fruit quality of three melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars
Authors: Zaniewicz-Bajkowska Anna , Franczuk Jolanta , Kosterna Edyta 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The effect of foliar feeding with two fluid multicomponent fertilizers was investigated: Florovit and Ekolist Warzywa + Urea on the yield and quality of three medium-fruit-size melon cultivars (‘Charentais F1’, ‘Melba’, ‘Fiesta’). Weather conditions in the consecutive years of the study had a significant influence on the yield level and quality of fruit. A higher yield of better quality was achieved in the years 2005 and 2007. That period was characterised by relatively high air temperature and low rainfall towards the end of the growing period of melon. The fertilizers applied in the experiment significantly influenced melon yielding. The plants fertilized with Ekolist Warzywa + Urea provided a higher marketable yield of melon fruit than the plants fertilized with Florovit. When applied, this fertilizer also caused an increase in flesh thickness and fruit flavour as compared with Florovit feeding. Foliar feeding with both studied patterns increased the average fruit weight and number of marketable fruit as compared to the non-fertilized treatment. Among the studied cultivars, ‘Fiesta’ gave the highest marketable yield and the best quality fruit.
Growth and yielding of peach and nectarine trees after intensive regenerative pruning
Authors: Radajewska Bożena , Szklarz Michał 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Studies were carried out in the years 2006-2008 in Przybroda near Poznań. The objects of the studies included seven-year-old peach trees of the cultivars ‘Harnaś’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Vinegold’ and ‘Early Blaze’ nectarine. The trees were strongly damaged by frost during the winter of 2005/2006. In May 2006, intensive regenerative tree pruning was carried out. Two treatments were applied: 1. The control with no pruning treatment, where only sanitary pruning was performed; 2. Trees were pruned at the height of 1.5 m and the shoots, which were developing below that height line, were left not pruned. The pruning treatment caused the development of an abundant number of longshoots, which are valuable for fruiting, in the central part of the crowns, with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm in comparison with the control trees. In the second year after pruning, spring ground frost destroyed the flowers and fruit buds and only single fruits were harvested. In the third year after pruning, the trees bloomed very abundantly and set fruits, therefore thinning was necessary. The yield was high and in most cases, it was equal independent of the tree pruning method, giving up to 18-19 kg per tree. Differences occurred only between the particular cultivars where the yield oscillated between 11 and 25 kg per tree. The best yielding was shown by ‘Vinegold’ (over 24 kg), then ‘Harnaś’ (21 kg), while the poorest yield was obtained from ‘Reliance’ (about 11 kg).
Eco-friendly methods of reducing the consequences of winter maintenance in urban green areas
Authors: Bach Anna , Pawłowska Bożena , Pietrzak Małgorzata 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Trees play a crucial role in the urban environment. They fulfil aesthetic, sociocultural, ecological, health-promoting and economic functions. Urban development and related human activity bring many risks to green areas within urban space. Plants are exposed to stress connected with water, soil and air pollution. Living space, harmful light and thermal conditions, drought, high density and changeable soil pH with excessive salinity are further disadvantages. European and Northern American cities have to cope with a serious danger of tree death. A leading cause is the use of de-icing chemicals in winter, particularly sodium chloride, applied due to its cost-effectiveness and availability. The paper describes traditional de-icing chemicals used in urban areas (NaCl, solid aggregates, CaCl2, MgCl sulphates MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4, urea alcohols and glycols isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, methanol) and newly developed sodium chloride substitutes (calcium magnesium acetate CMA), sodium formate and acetate NaFo/NaAc, potassium carbonate K2CO3). Moreover, prophylactic methods aimed at preventing the negative impact of de-icing campaigns, rules of planning and design of urban landscape, and reasonable management measures and pro-ecological modern technologies reducing and reversing the consequences of harmful actions are presented