bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative phylogeography of the ants Myrmica ruginodis and Myrmica rubra
Authors: Leppänen Jenni , Vepsäläinen Kari , Anthoni Hannele , Savolainen Riitta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimHere we compare the phylogeographies of the ants Myrmica ruginodis and Myrmica rubra. We test the hypotheses that owing to differences in their cold tolerance and life‐history traits, M. ruginodis has less differentiated populations, a weaker phylogeographical structure and some Pleistocene refugia further north than M. rubra.LocationThe Palaearctic region, from western Europe to Siberia and from Fennoscandia to the northern parts of the Mediterranean peninsulas and Turkey.MethodsWe sequenced mitochondrial DNA from M. ruginodis samples collected in 53 localities, and used the GenBank sequences of M. rubra individuals from 95 localities, presented in previous work. We studied the genetic diversity of M. ruginodis, the differentiation of its populations, and the geographical distribution and expansion of its haplogroups.ResultsPopulations of M. rubra were genetically slightly more differentiated than those of M. ruginodis, but we did not obtain differences in their phylogeographical structures. Both species had a west–east phylogeographical structure with secondary contact zone in between, and many haplogroups were widely distributed.Main conclusionsThe different life histories of the species (monogyne–monocalic versus polygyne–polycalic) seem to have affected population differentiation on a local rather than a phylogeographical scale. Myrmica ruginodis survived the last glaciation in several refugia in the Mediterranean peninsulas and probably in Siberia – as did M. rubra – but also in Turkey. Circumstantial evidence supported the hypothesis of additional, more northerly refugia of the cold‐tolerant M. ruginodis close to the southern edge of the permafrost of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas for M. rubra a northern refugium in western Europe may have also existed. Post‐glacial recolonization of both species took place from both the south‐west and south‐east, and probably also from the east. The origins of the eastern lineages of M. ruginodis were, however, difficult to localize, which stresses the importance of extensive sampling in the east when studying the phylogeography of European taxa.
A New Universal Simplified Adhesive: 6‐Month Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Mena‐Serrano Alexandra , Kose Carlos , De Paula Eloisa Andrade , Tay Lidia Yileng , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Perdigão Jorge 
Published: November 2012

Statement of the ProblemMultimode adhesives, which can be used as etch‐and‐rinse or as self‐etch adhesives, have been recently introduced without clinical data to back their use.Purpose of the StudyTo evaluate the 6‐month clinical performance of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two evaluation criteria.Methods/MaterialsThirty‐nine patients participated in this study. Two hundred restorations were assigned to four groups: SU‐TEm: etch‐and‐rinse + moist dentin; SU‐TEd: etch‐and‐rinse + dry dentin; SU‐SEet: selective enamel etching; and SU‐SE: self‐etch. The composite resin Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M ESPE) was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months using both the World Dental Federation (FDI) and the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance by rank and McNemar test for significance in each pair (α = 0.05).ResultsOnly four restorations (SU‐SE: 3 and SU‐TEm: 1) were lost after 6 months (p > 0.05 for either criteria). Marginal discoloration occurred in one restoration in the SU‐SE group (p > 0.05 for either criteria). Only 2/200 restorations were scored as bravo for marginal adaptation using the USPHS criteria (one for SU‐SE and one for SU‐SEet, p > 0.05). However, when using the FDI criteria, the percentage of bravo scores for marginal adaptation at 6 months were 32%, 36%, 42%, and 46% for groups SU‐TEm, SU‐TEd, SU‐SEet, and SU‐SE, respectively (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe clinical behavior of the multimode adhesive does not depend on the bonding strategy at 6 months. The FDI evaluation criteria are more sensitive than the USPHS criteria.Clinical SignificanceAt 6 months, the clinical behavior of the new multimode adhesive Scotchbond Universal was found to be reliable when used in noncarious cervical lesions and may not depend on the bonding strategy employed.
Targeted deletion of the antisilencer/enhancer (ASE) element from intron 1 of the myelin proteolipid protein gene (Plp1) in mouse reveals that the element is dispensable for Plp1 expression in brain during development and remyelination
Authors: Pereira Glauber B. , Meng Fanxue , Kockara Neriman T. , Yang Baoli , Wight Patricia A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMyelin proteolipid protein gene (Plp1) expression is temporally regulated in brain, which peaks during the active myelination period of CNS development. Previous studies with Plp1‐lacZ transgenic mice demonstrated that (mouse) Plp1 intron 1 DNA is required for high levels of expression in oligodendrocytes. Deletion‐transfection analysis revealed the intron contains a single positive regulatory element operative in the N20.1 oligodendroglial cell line, which was named ASE (antisilencer/enhancer) based on its functional properties in these cells. To investigate the role of the ASE in vivo, the element was deleted from the native gene in mouse using a Cre/lox strategy. Although removal of the ASE from Plp1‐lacZ constructs profoundly decreased expression in transfected oligodendroglial cell lines (N20.1 and Oli‐neu), the element was dispensable to achieve normal levels of Plp1 gene expression in mouse during development (except perhaps at postnatal day 15) and throughout the remyelination period following cuprizone‐induced (acute) demyelination. Thus, it is possible that the ASE is non‐functional in vivo, or that loss of the ASE from the native gene in mouse can be compensated for by the presence of other regulatory elements within the Plp1 gene.
Nerve growth factor‐mediated regulation of pain signalling and proposed new intervention strategies in clinical pain management
Authors: McKelvey Laura , Shorten George D. , O'Keeffe Gerard W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is the founding member of the neurotrophins family of proteins. It was discovered more than half a century ago through its ability to promote sensory and sympathetic neuronal survival and axonal growth during the development of the peripheral nervous system, and is the paradigmatic target‐derived neurotrophic factor on which the neurotrophic hypothesis is based. Since that time, NGF has also been shown to play a key role in the generation of acute and chronic pain and in hyperalgesia in diverse pain states. NGF is expressed at high levels in damaged or inflamed tissues and facilitates pain transmission by nociceptive neurons through a variety of mechanisms. Genetic mutations in NGF or its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA, lead to a congenital insensitivity or a decreased ability of humans to perceive pain. The hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) encompass a spectrum of neuropathies that affect one's ability to perceive sensation. HSAN type IV and HSAN type V are caused by mutations in TrkA and NGF respectively. This review will focus firstly on the biology of NGF and its role in pain modulation. We will review neuropathies and clinical presentations that result from the disruption of NGF signalling in HSAN type IV and HSAN type V and review current advances in developing anti‐NGF therapy for the clinical management of pain.
Betaine attenuates Alzheimer‐like pathological changes and memory deficits induced by homocysteine
Authors: Chai Gao‐Shang , Jiang Xia , Ni Zhong‐Fei , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Xie Ao‐Ji , Cheng Xiang‐Shu , Wang Qun , Wang Jian‐Zhi , Liu Gong‐Ping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) may induce memory deficits with β‐amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Simultaneous supplement of folate and vitamin B12 partially restored the plasma homocysteine level and attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ accumulation and memory impairments induced by Hhcy. However, folate and vitamin B12 treatment have no effects on Hhcy which has the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype mutation. In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneous supplement of betaine on Alzheimer‐like pathological changes and memory deficits in hyperhomocysteinemic rats after a 2‐week induction by vena caudalis injection of homocysteine (Hcy). We found that supplementation of betaine could ameliorate the Hcy‐induced memory deficits, enhance long‐term potentiation (LTP) and increase dendritic branches numbers and the density of the dendritic spines, with up‐regulation of NR1, NR2A, synaptotagmin, synaptophysin, and phosphorylated synapsin I protein levels. Supplementation of betaine also attenuated the Hcy‐induced tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD‐related sites through activation protein phosphatase‐2A (PP2A) with decreased inhibitory demethylated PP2AC at Leu309 and phosphorylated PP2AC at Tyr307. In addition, supplementation of betaine also decreased Aβ production with decreased presenilin‐1 protein levels. Our data suggest that betaine could be a promising candidate for arresting Hcy‐induced AD‐like pathological changes and memory deficits.
The Octadecaneuropeptide Stimulates Somatolactin Release from Cultured Goldfish Pituitary Cells
Authors: Azuma M. , Wada K. , Leprince J. , Tonon M.‐C. , Uchiyama M. , Takahashi A. , Vaudry H. , Matsuda K. 
Published: November 2012

The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) in the goldfish brain and to look for a possible effect of ODN on somatolactin (SL) release from pituitary cells. A discrete population of ODN‐immunoreactive neurones was localised in the lateral part of the nucleus lateralis tuberis. These neurones sent projections through the neurohypophyseal tract towards the neurohypophysis, and nerve fibres were seen in the close vicinity of SL‐producing cells in the pars intermedia. Incubation of cultured goldfish pituitary cells with graded concentrations of ODN (10−9–10−5 m) induced a dose‐dependent stimulation of SL‐β, but not SL‐α, release. ODN‐evoked SL release was blocked by the metabotrophic endozepine receptor antagonist cyclo1–8[DLeu5]OP but was not affected by the central‐type benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil. ODN‐induced SL release was suppressed by treatment with the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U‐73122 but not with the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H‐89. These results indicate that, in fish, ODN produced by hypothalamic neurones acts as a hypophysiotrophic neuropeptide stimulating SL release. The effect of ODN is mediated through a metabotrophic endozepine receptor positively coupled to the PLC/inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate/protein kinase C‐signalling pathway.
Bisphosphonates‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a preliminary study of salivary interleukins
Authors: Bagan Jose , Sheth Chirag C. , Soria Jose M. , Margaix Maria , Bagan Leticia 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this preliminary study was analyze the possible alterations in some salivary interleukins, usually associated with the inflammatory processes.Material and MethodsThe study comprised three groups: group 1, with 26 cases with bisphosphonates‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Group 2, with 29 patients who had received iBF but without BRONJ. Group 3, with 26 control patients not treated with BF and without oral lesions.We collected unstimulated whole saliva in all groups. A semiquantitative study was performed based on a cytokine array panel. We used the proteome profiler array for the study. We analyzed: Interleukin 1 alpha (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA), and interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β).ResultsWe found higher salivary values for all the cytokines studied in group 1 than in group 2 and 3. IL‐1β showed the major differences compared with control group. (P < 0.05)ConclusionsThis preliminary study confirms that there are alterations in these interleukins in patients with BRONJ. These results give support to further additional salivary studies on these biomarkers by quantitative measures.
Efficacy of Acibenzolar‐S‐Methyl and β‐Aminobutyric Acid for Control of Downy Mildew in Greenhouse Grown Basil and Peroxidase Activity in Response to Treatment with these Compounds
Authors: Mersha Zelalem , Zhang Shouan , Fu Yuqing , Mo Xiaodan , Raid Richard N. , Hau Bernhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDowny mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii, is a devastating foliar disease of basil in the United States and worldwide. Currently there are very few chemistries or organic choices registered to control this disease. In this study, two systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers, acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA), were evaluated for their in vitro effects on the pathogen, for their potential to control basil downy mildew in greenhouses, and for changes in peroxidase activity in basil plants treated with these two SAR inducers. No significant inhibition of sporangial germination was detected in water agar amended with ASM at concentrations lower than 100 mg/l or with BABA at concentrations lower than 500 mg/l. Efficacy of ASM and BABA in greenhouses varied depending on the rate, method and timing of application. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of disease severity was significantly reduced compared to the non‐treated control when ASM was sprayed (in all experiments) or drenched (in one out of two experiments) pre‐, or pre‐ + post‐inoculation at rates of 25–400 mg/l. Three weekly post‐inoculation sprays of ASM at the rate of 50 mg/l reduced AUDPC by 93.0 and 47.2% when started 3 and 7 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. The AUDPC of disease severity was also significantly reduced when BABA was sprayed pre‐ + post‐inoculation at rates of 125–500 mg/l. According to the prediction using a log‐logistic function, 50% maximum disease protection was achieved at a concentration of 27.5 mg/l of ASM. Basil plants treated with these two SAR inducers and challenged with the pathogen showed significantly higher peroxidase activity than the non‐treated control at 8 DAI. Temporally, the highest activity of peroxidase was detected at 8 DAI, decreased at 15 DAI and waned further at 23 DAI.
Parasitic Bacteria and Fungi on Common Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and Their Potential Application in Biocontrol
Authors: Kotan Recep , Okutucu Akif , Ala Görmez Arzu , Karagoz Kenan , Dadasoglu Fatih , Karaman İsa , Hasanekoglu İsmet , Kordali Şaban 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study was carried out to identify pathogenic bacteria and fungi on mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and investigate their potential use in biological control of this parasitic plant. For this purpose, a total of 48 fungal isolate and 193 bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated V. album during the summers 2005–2006. The isolated bacterial strains and fungal isolates were identified by using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS; Microbial ID, Newark) and microscopic methods, respectively. The bacterial strains that induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and fungal isolates were tested for pathogenicity on young shoots of mistletoe by using injection methods. The pathogenic bacterial strains and fungal isolates were also tested for their activity against mistletoe using spray methods. Five bacterial strains (two Burkholderia cepacia, one each of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus and Pandoraea pulminicola) were HR and pathogenicity positive when injected but none of them when sprayed on mistletoe. When fungi were injected, 32 isolates were pathogenic but only thirteen when sprayed on mistletoe. Alternaria alternata VAŞ‐202, VAŞ‐205, VAŞ‐217 and Acremonium kiliense VA‐11 fungal isolates were the most effective ones and caused strong disease symptoms on mistletoe. The present study is the first report on the efficiency of potential biocontrol agents against mistletoe in Turkey.
Identification of Provider Characteristics Influencing Prescription of Analgesics: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Deepmala Deepmala , Franz Lauren , Aponte Carolina , Agrawal Mayank , Jiang Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposePain is a comorbid and aggravating symptom that in many conditions can be perceived differently and should therefore be managed accordingly. Numerous factors, both social and cultural, are thought to influence the analgesic prescription. However, elucidation of such areas is limited. We therefore conducted a systematic literature review to test the hypothesis that variations in provider characteristics predict the prescription of pain medication.MethodsA MEDLINE and PsycINFO database search from 1960 to 2009 was conducted using the search terms of “pain” or “pain treatment” along with culture, ethnicity, race, minority, gender/sex, knowledge, attitudes, physician–patient relationship, stereotype, and physician practices. Twelve original research articles based on predefined inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed to test the hypothesis of provider characteristics influencing analgesics prescription.ResultsOf the 12 studies, 11 were cross‐sectional in design, and 10 used a survey instrument or clinical vignettes to measure different pain management responses. A randomized sampling methodology was used in 5 of the studies. The majority of providers were male (64.9% in 8 studies), white (73.5% in 5 studies), internal medicine physicians (37.4% in 11 studies), and located in the United States (75% across all 12 studies). Ten studies identified at least one provider characteristic that influenced prescription practices; age, level of experience, as well as sex were listed most frequently as contributing factors. The interplay of the sex of the provider and patient characteristics were found to be important variables in pain management.ConclusionsOur systematic review of existing literature highlights that provider's age, sex, experience, specialty, and the interplay between provider and patient characteristics are important variables in pain management. However, generalizations relating to these findings are limited by the heterogeneity of the studies and the paucity of literature in this field.
Screening Instruments for Depression in Advanced Cancer Patients: What Do We Actually Measure?
Authors: Warmenhoven Franca , van Weel Chris , Vissers Kris , Prins Judith 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundPatients in a palliative care trajectory frequently suffer from depression. To distinguish depression from normal sadness, the use of screening instruments could facilitate the diagnostic process. However, in palliative care, screening instruments may not discern physical symptom burden from psychological distress, due to the high number of physical symptoms in palliative patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore physical symptom burden and psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer in relation to scores on screening instruments for depression.MethodsPatients with advanced cancer were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), Beck Depression Inventory Primary Care (BDI‐PC), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form (MSAS‐SF). The relationship between scores on screening tools for depression and different physical symptom clusters was explored.ResultsIn the sample of 65 patients, screening instruments for depression correlated highly with different somatic symptom clusters. The BDI‐II cognitive subscale was the only scale that was not significantly correlated with any of the somatic symptom clusters.ConclusionScreening tools for the detection of depression in patients with advanced cancer may not provide an accurate evaluation of depression. These tools seem to measure physical symptom burden as well, especially when patients suffer from symptoms of the clusters fatigue/anorexia/cachexia, neuropsychology, debility, or pain. In this study, the BDI‐II cognitive subscale seems to differentiate best from somatic symptom burden.
Genomic prediction of sunflower hybrid performance
Authors: Reif Jochen C. , Zhao Yusheng , Würschum Tobias , Gowda Manje , Hahn Volker 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPredicting single‐cross performance is of high importance to improve the efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid breeding programmes. We used experimental data from inter‐ and intragroup sunflower hybrids and their parental lines adapted to Central Europe to (i) study the genetic diversity and combining ability and (ii) examine the accuracy to predict hybrid performance based on phenotypic and genomic data. We evaluated 133 intragroup and 104 intergroup hybrids with their parental lines in replicated trials at four environments for grain yield, oil yield and oil content. Furthermore, the parental lines were fingerprinted with 572 AFLP markers. Variance due to specific combining ability was comparable for intergroup and intragroup crosses. This suggested a lack of clearly defined heterotic groups for the sample of studied sunflower lines. Prediction accuracy of hybrid performance based on general combining ability effects was high and could not be increased using genomic selection approaches. For situations where no information on GCA effects of parental lines was available, hybrid prediction based on genomic selection methods was accurate for groups of related lines. For groups of unrelated lines, however, we observed a strong decrease in the prediction accuracy. This suggests that prediction of hybrid performance for crosses based on genetically distant parents remains challenging.
Acupuncture in the Treatment of Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Belivani Maria , Dimitroula Charikleia , Katsiki Niki , Apostolopoulou Martha , Cummings Mike , Hatzitolios Apostolos I 
Published: November 2012

Obesity is one of the leading health risk factors worldwide and is associated with several other risk factors and health problems including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and malignancies. Current conventional therapeutic strategies for obesity cannot achieve adequate weight control in all patients, so complementary types of treatment are also performed. Acupuncture, one of the oldest healing practices, represents the most rapidly growing complementary therapy which is recognised by both the National Institutes of Health and the WHO. A previous review concluded that acupuncture was superior to lifestyle advice, to sham acupuncture and to conventional medication. In this narrative review, the possible mechanisms of actions and the results of recent experimental and clinical studies with different forms of acupuncture (eg, body, auricular, manual and electroacupuncture) are presented. In particular, the effects of acupuncture on anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers are discussed. Both experimental and clinical current data suggest that acupuncture exerts beneficial effects on the mechanisms of obesity. Some data suggest that electroacupuncture may be more effective than manual acupuncture; however, the most effective frequency remains controversial. Combination of different forms of acupuncture with diet and exercise seems to be necessary for achieving and maintaining weight loss. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of this complementary method for obesity treatment.