bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going My Way? Wending a Way Through the Stumbling Blocks Between Georgism and Catholicism
Authors: GAFFNEY MASON 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis essay surveys the issues between Georgists and Roman Catholics in three classes: issues that are not peculiarly Roman Catholic (RC) but play out across faiths and denominations, issues that are peculiarly RC, and points of similarity and agreement. Addressed in this fashion are the tensions that arise between the social gospel and individual salvation, between specifics and glittering generalities, between noblesse oblige and governmental reform, between the doctrine of original sin and tabula rasa, between the rich and the poor, between the dignity of labor and the honor of predation, between democracy and authority, between the regulatory emphasis rooted in the philosophy of Aquinas and free markets, and between plain talk and gobbledegook.
From The Wealth of Nations to Populorum Progressio (On the Development of Peoples): Wealth and Development from the Perspective of the Catholic Social Thought Tradition
Authors: CLARK CHARLES M. A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCatholic social thought (CST) looks at economic development from the broader framework of authentic human development. It is only by viewing both man's dignity and his social nature that we include the full nature of the human being. In CST wealth is understood based on its role in promoting authentic human development. Wealth is a gift from God, with humans participating in its creation, and its creation, distribution, and its use must be carried out in a manner that respects God's law (justice and charity). Furthermore, man should never place wealth above God or above humans. Those who control wealth have special responsibilities with regards to their use of it; thus the right of private property is always restricted by the social responsibility to use it towards the common good. The goal must be the development of the whole person and all people. Wealth is socially created and thus must be distributed, at least partially, among the entire community. Economic development needs to be grounded in social justice and its two co‐principles, charity and justice. Grounding economic development in the authentic development of the person means placing the people of the poor countries at the center of their development drama, both as the leading actors and as the directors.
Just Reward: The Nature of Work and Its Remuneration in the Economics and Ethics of Henry George
Authors: HENNIGAN BRENDAN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWork is a fundamental reality of human existence. This essay examines in general terms the idea of work and labor, briefly explains the biblical foundation of George's perspective on work, and presents George's analysis on unemployment, technological change, and true competition. Finally, it discusses how access to the natural opportunities land provides liberates labor and advances the just distribution of wealth, connects these insights to Catholic Social Teachings (CST), and calls for more cooperation between these natural allies.
Stimulated sweating as a therapy to reduce interdialytic weight gain and improve potassium balance in chronic hemodialysis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Pruijm Menno , El‐Housseini Youssef , Mahfoudh Hichem , Jarraya Fayçal , Hachicha Jamil , Teta Daniel , Burnier Michel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractControlling the extracellular volume in hemodialysis patients is a difficult task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of different methods of stimulated sweating to reduce mean interdialytic weight gain (IWG), to improve blood pressure regulation, and potassium/urea balance. Two center, crossover pilot study. In Lausanne, hemodialysis patients took four hot‐water baths a week, 30 minutes each, on nondialysis days during 1 month. In Sfax, patients visited the local Hammam Center four times a week. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded, and weekly laboratory analysis was performed. Results were compared with a preceding 1‐month control period. In Lausanne, five patients (all men, median age 55 years) participated. Bathing temperature was (mean ± standard deviation) 41.2 ± 3°C and sweating‐induced weight loss 600 ± 500 g. Mean IWG (control vs. intervention period) decreased from 2.3 ± 0.9 to 1.8 ± 1 kg (P = 0.004), Systolic blood pressure from 139 ± 21 to 136 ± 22 mmHg (P = 0.4), and diastolic blood pressure form 79 ± 12 to 75 ± 13 mmHg (P = 0.08); antihypertensive therapy could be reduced from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 1.9 ± 0.5 antihypertensive drugs per patient (P = 0.01). In Sfax (n = 9, median age 46 years), weight loss per Hammam session was 420 ± 100 g. No differences were found in IWG or BP, but predialysis serum potassium level decreased from 5.9 ± 0.8 to 5.5 ± 0.9 mmol/L (P = 0.04) and urea from 26.9 ± 6 to 23.1 ± 6 mmol/L (P = 0.02). Hot‐water baths appear to be a safe way to reduce IWG in selected hemodialysis patients. Hammam visits reduce serum potassium and urea levels, but not IWG. More data in larger patient groups are necessary before definite conclusion can be drawn.
Enhanced Room Temperature Multiferroic Properties of (Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3/CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/(Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 Double‐Layered Thin Films
Authors: Raghavan Chinnambedu Murugesan , Kim Jin Won , Kim Hae Jin , Kim Won Jeong , Kim Sang Su 
Published: September 2012

Multiferroic (Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3/CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/(Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 double‐layered thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates via a chemical solution deposition method. In both the thin films, superior multiferroic properties were observed at room temperature. However, substantial enhancements in magnetic properties, such as saturated ferromagnetic hysteresis loop with large 2Mr (68.8 emu/cm3) and 2Hc (11.7 kOe), as well as moderate ferroelectric properties, such as 2Pr (58 μC/cm2) with low leakage current density (4 × 10−9 A/cm2 at 100 kV/cm), were observed in the (Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3/CoFe2O4 at room temperature. Structural distortion, deformation of [(Fe, Mn)O6] oxygen octahedra, and superexchange interaction in the (Bi0.95La0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 are attributed to the enhanced properties.
Dielectric Properties of Sol–Gel‐Derived Bi12SiO20 Thin Films
Authors: Veber Asja , Kunej Špela , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: September 2012

In this paper the dielectric properties of crack‐free, Bi12SiO20 thin films were investigated. The films were prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si and corundum substrates using the sol–gel method. The formation of a pure Bi12SiO20 phase was observed at a temperature of 700°C. The Bi12SiO20 thin films, heat treated at 700°C for 1 h, had a dense microstructure with an average roughness (Ra) of 50 nm. The dielectric properties of the film were characterized by using both low‐ and microwave‐frequency measurement techniques. The low‐frequency measurements were conducted with a parallel capacitor configuration. The dielectric constant and dielectric losses were 44 and 7.5 × 10−3, respectively. The thin‐film dielectric properties at the microwave frequency were measured using the split‐post, dielectric resonator method (15 GHz) and the planar capacitor configuration (1–5 GHz). The dielectric constant and the dielectric losses measured at 15 GHz were 40 and 17 × 10−3, respectively, while the dielectric constant and the dielectric losses measured with the planar capacitor configuration were 39 and 65 × 10−3, respectively.
Thermal Behavior of Alumina Microfibers Precursor Prepared by Surfactant Assisted Microwave Hydrothermal
Authors: He Xuanmeng , Li Guangjun , Liu Hui , Li Junqi , Zhu Zhenfeng 
Published: September 2012

Uniform alumina microfibers precursor (ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide, AACH) were successfully synthesized using the microwave hydrothermal method, with average length of 5–10 μm and the diameter around 300–500 nm. FT‐IR spectra indicated AACH was composed of NH4[Al(OOH) HCO3]·H2O. The thermal behaviors of the as‐prepared AACH were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC‐TG), XRD, and SEM. The results showed that the thermal decomposition of the AACH microfibers occurred via three steps, which were respectively divided into adsorption of physical water, dehydration of crystalline water, and decomposition of AACH. The activation energies for the above three steps were calculated using Coats‐Redfern method. The phase transformation sequence was found to be AACH→ amorphous Al2O3→ γ‐ and θ‐Al2O3→ α‐Al2O3. It was also observed that the thermal treatment had little influence on fiber morphology of the products. The fibers morphology with high thermal stability will endow to prepare alumina microfibers with novel application potentials.
Statistical Validation for the Profiling of Heroin by Associating Simulated Postcut Samples with the Corresponding Precut Sample
Authors: Chan Kar‐Weng , Tan Guan‐Huat , Wong Richard C. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStatistical validation is crucial for the clustering of unknown samples. This study aims to demonstrate how statistical techniques can be optimized using simulated heroin samples containing a range of analyte concentrations that are similar to those of the case samples. Eight simulated heroin distribution links consisting of 64 postcut samples were prepared by mixing one of two mixtures of paracetamol–caffeine–dextromethorphan at different proportions with eight precut samples. Analyte contents and compositional variation of the prepared samples were investigated. A number of data pretreatments were evaluated by associating the postcut samples with the corresponding precut samples using principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Subsequently, combinations of seven linkage methods and five distance measures were explored using hierarchical cluster analysis. In this study, Ward–Manhattan showed better distinctions between unrelated links and was able to cluster all related samples in very close distance under the known links on a dendogram. A similar discriminative outcome was also achieved by 90 unknown case samples when clustered via Ward–Manhattan.
Hydrogen Peroxide‐Mediated Growth of the Root System Occurs via Auxin Signaling Modification and Variations in the Expression of Cell‐Cycle Genes in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Zhao Feng‐Yun , Han Ming‐Ming , Zhang Shi‐Yong , Wang Kai , Zhang Cheng‐Ren , Liu Tao , Liu Wen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe link between root growth, H2O2, auxin signaling, and the cell cycle in cadmium (Cd)‐stressed rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua No. 11) was analyzed in this study. Exposure to Cd induced a significant accumulation of Cd, but caused a decrease in zinc (Zn) content which resulted from the decreased expression of OsHMA9 and OsZIP. Analysis using a Cd‐specific probe showed that Cd was mainly localized in the meristematic zone and vascular tissues. Formation and elongation of the root system were significantly promoted by 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT), but were markedly inhibited by N,N’‐dimethylthiourea (DMTU) under Cd stress. The effect of H2O2 on Cd‐stressed root growth was further confirmed by examining a gain‐of‐function rice mutant (carrying catalase1 and glutathione‐S‐transferase) in the presence or absence of diphenylene iodonium. DR5‐GUS staining revealed close associations between H2O2 and the concentration and distribution of auxin. H2O2 affected the expression of key genes, including OsYUCCA, OsPIN, OsARF, and OsIAA, in the auxin signaling pathway in Cd‐treated plants. These results suggest that H2O2 functions upstream of the auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, H2O2 modified the expression of cell‐cycle genes in Cd‐treated roots. The effects of H2O2 on root system growth are therefore linked to auxin signal modification and to variations in the expression of cell‐cycle genes in Cd‐stressed rice. A working model for the effects of H2O2 on Cd‐stressed root system growth is thus proposed and discussed in this paper.
Where do Australian children get their dietary fibre? A focus on breakfast food choices
Authors: Grieger Jessica Anne , Kim Susan , Cobiac Lynne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAims:  There is little data in Australian children assessing dietary fibre intakes or ready‐to‐eat cereal consumption. The aims were to: (i) assess the dietary fibre intake of 2‐ to 16‐year‐old children from the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey; (ii) determine the percentage of children meeting adequate fibre intake; and (iii) determine the contribution of breakfast and ready‐to‐eat cereal fibre intake.Methods:  Secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.Results:  On the day of the survey, the mean (SE) dietary fibre intake among all children at breakfast was 4.5 (0.1) g and total daily fibre intake was 20.7 (0.2) g. Fibre adequacy was achieved by 50% of Australian children. Forty‐nine percent of all children consumed ready‐to‐eat cereal, providing 2/3 of fibre intake at breakfast and 1/10 of total daily fibre intake. Consuming ready‐to‐eat cereal was a significant predictor of total daily fibre intake (β= 0.028). Over 60% of all children consumed ready‐to‐eat cereal in which at least a ‘source’ of fibre (1.5–3.0 g) was available; however, <10% of children consumed ready‐to‐eat cereal containing a ‘very high source’ of fibre (≥6.0 g).Conclusions:  While ready‐to‐eat cereal was only consumed by close to half of all children, it was a significant contributor of fibre at both the breakfast meal occasion and over the whole day. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to identify whether increasing consumption of fibre from ready‐to‐eat cereal alters health outcomes such as anthropometric and biochemical end points.
Regulating the Internet infrastructure: A comparative appraisal of the legitimacy of ICANN, ITU, and the WSIS
Authors: Take Ingo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHow to generate legitimate forms of governance beyond the nation state is often considered a central question in contemporary world politics. To proceed in theory‐building, scholars need to systematically assign the theory‐driven assumptions on legitimate forms of governance beyond the nation state with the various, already observable, forms of global governance. This article aims to conduct a comparative appraisal of the legitimatory quality of different patterns of governance by applying a framework of indicators for their assessment. The indicators are selected from the scholarly debate within International Relations on the legitimacy of global governance arrangements and structured by a multidimensional concept of legitimacy (input, throughput, and output dimensions). This framework is then applied to international, transnational, and private forms of global governance in the field of Internet regulation in order to show how each of them tries to produce and maintain legitimacy, which strategies it applies, and in how it interacts with its stakeholders.
The development of synchronous movement by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Fellner Wendi , Bauer Gordon B. , Stamper Sarah A. , Losch Barbara A. , Dahood Adrian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe development of motor synchrony in dolphins has been described qualitatively, but seldom quantified. We provide a detailed description of the development of synchrony in 12 calves for periods ranging from birth to a few days up to 22 wk. We observed the presence of synchrony, relative positions, and proximity and undertook a videotape analysis of one calf for initiations/terminations of synchrony, response time to breaks in synchrony, and the development of complex behaviors by the calf relative to synchrony. Synchrony was uniformly present more than 90% of the time during month 1, then began to decline gradually. Echelon position was most frequent but calves also spent time in infant position. Initially all calves were most frequently in direct physical contact with their mothers, but by 2 wk of age, all pairs were more likely to be near each other (<0.5 m) without touching. Behavioral complexity increased gradually over the study, and adults frequently performed behaviors during synchronous swimming, providing opportunities for social learning. Synchrony is a predominant behavior in mother‐calf interactions, and we speculate that it may be an important mechanism through which calves learn from their mothersviatheir tandem interactions with the environment.
Interpretation of Mineral Zoning in Submarine Hydrothermal Ore Deposits in Terms of Coupled Fluid Flow‐Precipitation Kinetics Model
Authors: Shikazono Naotatsu , Kawabe Hirochika , Ogawa Yasumasa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMajor minerals (sulfates, sulfides, quartz) are distributed in different parts of submarine hydrothermal ore deposits. For instance, the abundance of barite increases stratigraphically upwards in the massive orebodies of the Kuroko deposits (black and yellow ores), while quartz is abundant in the lower parts (siliceous ore). The different distribution of barite and quartz in the Kuroko deposits can not be accounted for by thermochemical equilibrium calculations based on the precipitation due to mixing of ascending hydrothermal solutions with ambient cold seawater. In the present study, a coupled fluid flow‐precipitation kinetics model was used to calculate the amounts of quartz, barite, and anhydrite precipitated from a hydrothermal solution mixed with seawater, assuming reasonable values for temperature, precipitation rate, fluid flow velocity, mineral surface area/fluid mass ratio (A/M), and initial concentrations of hydrothermal solution and seawater before mixing occurred. The results indicate that barite precipitates more efficiently than quartz from discharging fluids with relatively higher flow velocity, lower temperatures and under the condition of lower A/M ratios on the seafloor (black ore), whereas quartz precipitates more effectively from solutions with lower flow velocity, higher temperatures and higher A/M ratios beneath the seafloor (siliceous ore) and in the orebody (barite ore, ferruginous chert ore). Anhydrite precipitates in shallow sub‐seafloor environments with lower precipitation rates and higher A/M ratios than barite and higher precipitation rates and lower A/M ratios than quartz. These results explain the observed occurrences of barite, anhydrite, and quartz in the Kuroko deposits. Namely, barite is abundant in black ore and barite ore which formed above the seafloor, anhydrite formed in high‐permeability tuff breccias, and quartz formed in low permeability dacite intrusive bodies in the sub‐seafloor environment.
Geology of the Hida Gaien Belt in the upper Kuzuryu‐gawa River Area in Ono City, Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGeological, paleontological, and geochronological studies of the Hida Gaien Belt were carried out in the upper Kuzuryu‐gawa River area, northern central Japan. The Hida Gaien Belt lies between the Hida and Mino belts of Southwest Japan and is one of the most complex geologic belts in Japan. The geology of the following units in the study area, mostly bounded by longitudinal, high‐angle faults, was particularly reexamined and described: the Ise metamorphic rocks, the Fujikuradani, Tomedoro, Oguradani, Motodo, Ootani, and Konogidani Formations, and the Tetori Group. Among them, the Tomedoro and Konogidani Formations are both composed mainly of greenstone, and were conventionally coupled together as ‘the Tomedoro schalstein member’ or ‘the Konogidani Formation’. However, the conformable relationship between the Tomedoro Formation and overlying Middle Permian Oguradani Formation, and the K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar ages of 75–69 Ma (Late Cretaceous) from the basalt lava of the Konogidani Formation reveal that they are separate formations with different ages. The Oguradani Formation, consisting of limestone, shale, and sandstone with Middle Permian Boreal‐Tethyan mixed brachiopod fauna, is correlated with the Moribu Formation in the Takayama area of the Hida Gaien Belt, and with the Middle Formation of the Maizuru Group in the Maizuru Belt. The Tomedoro Formation below the Oguradani Formation, in turn, is correlated with the Lower Formation of the Maizuru Belt. The new Late Cretaceous age data from the Konogidani Formation and presence of latest Cretaceous, post‐tectonic volcanic rocks in the study area finally indicate that the fault‐bound structure of the Hida Gaien Belt between the Hida and Mino belts was formed in a very short period in Late Cretaceous age.
Prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis showing acute presentation
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhide , Miyake Yasuhiro , Ohira Hiromasa , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Zeniya Mikio , Onji Morikazu , Tsubouchi Hirohito ,   Intractable Liver and Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan
Published: September 2012

AimThe number of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) showing acute presentation has increased. This study aimed to assess their prognosis.MethodsA survey of AIH patients by sending questionnaires was performed, and 96 patients showing acute presentation were investigated.ResultsThe median age was 58 years and 78 patients (81%) were female. Eighty‐four patients (88%) were positive for antinuclear antibody and/or anti‐smooth muscle antibody. The median serum immunoglobulin G level was 2252 mg/dL. Twenty‐five patients (26%) showed histological acute hepatitis. As initial treatment, 88 patients (92%) were treated with corticosteroid, and 28 of them received pulse steroid treatment. Overall, 11 patients (11%) reached fatal outcomes (nine death and two liver transplantation). Patients with histological acute hepatitis showed higher serum bilirubin levels, lower prothrombin activities and higher prothrombin time–international normalized ratios (PT‐INR) and reached fatal outcomes more frequently. With a multivariate logistic regression analysis, prothrombin activity and PT‐INR at presentation was associated with fatal outcomes. Nine of 13 patients (69%) showing prothrombin activity of 40% or lower at presentation and nine of 19 patients (47%) showing PT‐INR of 1.5 or higher reached fatal outcomes. Furthermore, of 13 patients showing prothrombin activity of 40% or lower and/or PT‐INR of 1.5 or higher at presentation who were treated with pulse steroid treatment, four (31%) died from infectious disease.ConclusionProthrombin activity and PT‐INR are prognostic factors for AIH showing acute presentation. Physicians should pay attention to the development of infectious disease when pulse steroid treatment is performed.
The role of cultural values and religion on views of body size and eating practices among adolescents from Fiji, Tonga, and Australia
Authors: McCabe Marita P. , Waqa Gade , Dev Anjileena , Cama Tilema , Swinburn Boyd A. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThis study investigated cultural values related to body image and eating practices in Western and non‐Western societies.Design and MethodsIn total, 628 Fijian, 463 Indo‐Fijian, 598 Tongan, and 534 Australian adolescents completed measures of cultural values and religious influences in relation to the ideal body and eating practices.ResultsFijian and Tongan adolescents were more likely to value a large body. Religious influences were most strongly associated with eating practices for Fijians, Indo‐Fijians, and Tongans.ConclusionsThe findings support the role of religion in transmitting cultural values regarding eating practices in Pacific Island communities.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Previous research has demonstrated that sociocultural factors shape body image and eating behaviours. Most of this research has been conducted in Western countries.What does this study add?

The current study identifies the role of cultural values and religious influences on body image and eating behaviours in a number of different cultural groups. This is the first study to use the same methodology to explore these relationships across Western and Pacific Island communities.