bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution structure of a bacterial immunoglobulin‐like domain of the outer membrane protein (LigB) from Leptospira
Authors: Mei Song , Zhang Jiahai , Zhang Xuecheng , Tu Xiaoming 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTLeptospiral immunoglobulin‐like (Lig) proteins are surface proteins expressed in pathogenic strains of Leptospira. LigB, an outer membrane protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial Ig‐like (Big) domains and a no‐repeat tail, has been identified as a virulence factor involved in adhesion of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans to host cells. A Big domain of LigB, LigBCen2R, was reported previously to bind the GBD domain of fibronectin, suggesting its important role in leptospiral infections. In this study, we determined the solution structure of LigBCen2R by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. LigBCen2R adopts a canonical immunoglobulin‐like fold which is comprised of a beta‐sandwich of ten strands in three sheets. We indicated that LigBCen2R is able to bind to Ca2+ with a high affinity by isothermal titration calorimetry assay. NMR perturbation experiment identified a number of residues responsible for Ca2+ binding. Structural comparison of it with other Big domains demonstrates that they share a similar fold pattern, but vary in some structural characters. Since Lig proteins play a vital role in the infection to host cells, our study will contribute a structural basis to understand the interactions between Leptospira and host cells. Proteins 2015; 83:195–200. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic Significance of Lymphovascular Invasion in Node‐Negative Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hee , Kim Min Gyu , Jung Min‐Sung , Kwon Sung Joon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastasis.MethodsA total of 699 patients with primary tumor pT1–3/pN0‐1 gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection from 2001 to 2010 were categorized into 3 groups: One‐hundred and eleven patients with pN0/LVI(+), 475 with pN0/LVI(−), and 103 with pN1.ResultsThe tumors in patients with N0/LVI(+) had more aggressive clinicopathologic features than those in patients with N0/LVI(−). However, there was no significant difference in patient characteristics between patients with pN0/LVI(+) and those with pN1, except for histologic grade. There were no significant differences in the overall survival rate in patients with pN0/LVI(+) compared to those with pN0/LVI(−) or the pN1 stage. However, the recurrence‐free survival rate of the pN0/LVI(+) group was lower than that of the pN0/LVI(−) group (p< 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between the pN0/LVI(+) and the N1 groups (p= 0.216). In multivariate analysis, LVI was identified as a poor prognostic factor related to recurrence‐free survival in node‐negative gastric cancer patients. pT3 stage and less than D2 lymphadenectomy were poor prognostic factors affecting recurrence‐free survival, and less than D2 lymphadenectomy was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival in pN0/LVI(+) patients.ConclusionsLVI could be an indicator of biological aggressiveness and may be a reliable prognostic factor for node‐negative gastric cancer. LVI should be considered in postoperative management of gastric cancer.
Effect of Lipid‐Modifying Therapy on Long‐Term Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Liu Zhao , Liu Changjian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeveral observational studies have demonstrated that lipid‐modifying therapy may improve long‐term survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients after repair. We carried out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating the effect of lipid‐modifying therapy on long‐term mortality.Patients and methodsWe conducted a systematic search of multiple databases up to April 2014. Studies that evaluated exposure to lipid‐modifying therapy, reported mortality data and hazard ratio (HR) or provided survival curve for their estimation were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled HR estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random‐effects model.ResultsEight studies (seven cohorts, one post hoc study of a randomization controlled trial) reporting 2,605 patients on lipid‐modifying therapy were included. Meta‐analysis showed a significant 39 % reduction in long‐term mortality with lipid‐modifying therapy (HR 0.61; 95 % CI 0.51–0.73). After exclusion of one study which was contributing to considerable heterogeneity, a significant 33 % reduction in mortality risk was a more conservative, consistent estimate (HR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.59–0.77).ConclusionMeta‐analysis of studies supports a protective role of lipid‐modifying therapy on mortality risk after AAA repair. Aggressive lipid intervention should be recommended to those who receiving AAA repair.
The two orders of governance failure: Design mismatches and policy capacity issues in modern governance
Authors: Howlett M , Ramesh M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPerceptions of the pervasive and persistent failures of governments in many issue areas over the past several decades have led many commentators and policy makers to turn to non-governmental forms of governance in their efforts to address public problems. During the 1980s and 1990s, market-based governance techniques were the preferred alternate form to government hierarchy but this preference has tilted towards network governance in recent years. Support for these shifts from hierarchical to non-hierarchical governance modes centre on the argument that traditional government-based arrangements are unsuited for addressing contemporary problems, many of which have a cross-sectoral or multi-actor dimension which is difficult for hierarchies to handle. Many proponents claim that recent ‘network governance’ or ‘collaborative governance’ arrangements combine the best of both governmental and market-based alternatives by bringing together key public and private actors in a policy sector in a constructive and inexpensive way. This claim is no more than an article of faith, however, as there is little empirical evidence supporting it. Indeed both logic and evidence suggests that networks too suffer from failures, though the sources of these failure may be different from other modes. The challenge for policymakers is to understand the origin and nature of the ways in which different modes of governance fail so that appropriate policy responses may be devised. This article proposes a model of such failures and a two-order framework for understanding them which helps explain which mode is best, and worst, suited to which circumstance.
Diffusive and phase change instabilities in a ternary mushy layer
Authors: Guba Peter , Anderson Daniel M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe analyse the stability of a mushy layer during the directional solidification of a ternary alloy. Our model includes diffusive and convective transport of heat and solutes, coupled by an equilibrium thermodynamic constraint of the ternary phase diagram. The model contains phase change effects due to latent-heat release, solute rejection and background solidification. We identify novel convective instabilities, both direct and oscillatory, which are present under statically stable conditions. We examine these instabilities asymptotically by simplifying to a thin mushy layer with small growth rates. We also discuss numerical results for the full problem, confirming the asymptotic predictions and providing the stability characteristics outside the small-growth-rate approximation. A physical explanation for these instabilities in terms of parcel arguments is proposed, indicating that the instability mechanisms generally involve different rates of solute diffusion, different rates of solute rejection and different background solute distributions induced by the initial alloy composition.
DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, THE 1976 NEW YORK SENATE RACE, AND THE STRUGGLE TO DEFINE AMERICAN LIBERALISM
Authors: ANDELIC PATRICK 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe 1970s was a decade of acute existential crisis for the Democratic party, as ‘New Politics’ insurgents challenged the old guard for control of both the party apparatus and the right to define who a true ‘liberal’ was. Those Democrats who opposed New Politics reformism often found themselves dubbed ‘neoconservatives’. The fact that so many ‘neoconservatives’ eventually made their home in the Grand Old Party (GOP) has led historians to view them as a Republican bloc in embryo. The apostasy of the neoconservatives fits neatly into the political historiography of the 1970s, which is dominated by the rise of the New Right and its takeover of the Republican party. Yet this narrative, though seductive, overlooks the essentially protean character of politics in that decade. This article uses the 1976 Senate campaign mounted by Daniel Patrick Moynihan – the dandyish Harvard academic, official in four presidential administrations, and twice US ambassador – to demonstrate that many ‘neoconservatives’ were advancing a recognizably liberal agenda and seeking to define a new ‘vital center’ against the twin poles of the New Politics and the New Right. A microcosm of a wider struggle to define liberalism, Moynihan's candidacy complicates our understanding of the 1970s as an era of rightward drift.
Tracheal reconstruction using composite nasal septal graft in patients with invasive thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Dowthwaite S , Friel M , Coman S 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:This paper presents a series of three patients who were identified as having partial thickness involvement of the laryngotracheal complex secondary to invasive, well-differentiated thyroid cancer. These patients were managed with full thickness window resection and reconstruction using a composite nasal septal graft.Methods:A review of the Princess Alexandra Hospital database (comprising prospectively collated data) was undertaken to identify patients who had undergone full thickness tracheal resection and reconstruction using a composite nasal septal graft; demographic, operative technique and survival outcome data were collated.Results:Three patients had a composite nasal septal graft performed for reconstruction of full thickness laryngotracheal defects following the excision of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. There were no cases of local recurrence after a minimum of 18 months' follow up.Conclusion:This paper describes our surgical technique for reconstruction of these defects using a composite nasal septal graft. It also presents data on our three cases to date, in which the technique has been used safely. A discussion of the surgical management of locally invasive, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is provided.
Worship, veneration, and idolatry: observations from C. S. Lewis
Authors: LEPOJÄRVI JASON 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhat does it mean to love God ‘more’ than people? This article engages the difficulty of defining worship, veneration, and idolatry, by looking at C. S. Lewis's observations on the subject. Lewis offers helpful nudges towards more than a merely conceptual distinction, but he does not consistently apply his love principles to cover human love for the saints (Mary in particular). The article concludes with eight follow-up questions that benefit philosophers and theologians alike as they seek to formulate more focused definitions of worship, veneration, and idolatry.
EDUCATING THE NATION I: SCHOOLS
Authors: Mandler Peter 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper assays the public discourse on secondary education across the twentieth century – what did voters think they wanted from education and how did politicians seek to cater to those desires? The assumption both in historiography and in popular memory is that educational thinking in the post-war decades was dominated by the ideal of ‘meritocracy’ – that is, selection for secondary and higher education on the basis of academic ‘merit’. This paper argues instead that support for ‘meritocracy’ in this period was fragile. After 1945, secondary education came to be seen as a universal benefit, a function of the welfare state analogous to health. Most parents of all classes wanted the ‘best schools’ for their children, and the best schools were widely thought to be the grammar schools; thus support for grammar schools did not imply support for meritocracy, but rather for high-quality universal secondary education. This explains wide popular support for comprehensivisation, so long as it was portrayed as providing ‘grammar schools for all’. Since the 1970s, public discourse on education has focused on curricular control, ‘standards’ and accountability, but still within a context of high-quality universal secondary education, and not the ‘death of the comprehensive’.
ANDRES BELLO AND THE CHALLENGES OF SPANISH AMERICAN LIBERALISM
Authors: Dunkerley James 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAndrés Bello (1781–1865) is generally reckoned to be the foremost intellectual amongst opponents of the Spanish empire in the Americas after the Napoleonic Wars. This paper provides a synoptic account of Bello's development as a scholar, politician and statesman from his early career as a servant of the crown in colonial Caracas, through his nineteen-year exile in London, to his prominent role in the institutional design and management of the young Chilean republic. The paper traces the historiographical treatment of Bello and the application of his cosmopolitan learning to the tasks of nineteenth-century state-building. It is suggested that his trajectory reflected a successful adaptation of liberal precepts to a conservative local social setting within a world order dominated by British promotion of free trade.
Auditory cues that drive language development are language specific: Evidence from Cantonese
Authors: ANTONIOU MARK , TO CAROL K. S. , WONG PATRICK C. M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms that allow for both language-specific and universal constraints in language development are not fully understood. According to the rhythm detection hypothesis, sensitivity to rhythm is the underlying mechanism that is fundamental to language development. Support from a number of Western languages, as well as Mandarin, has led to the proposal that rhythm detection may provide a language-universal account of language development. However, claims of universality may be premature because most research has addressed reading (rather than language) development, only a small number of languages have been investigated, and pitch is a better predictor of reading than rhythm in Mandarin children. Therefore, we examined language development using a narrative story-retelling task in children who speak Cantonese (a more complex tone inventory than Mandarin) and also assessed temporal and pitch-based auditory abilities to consider whether temporal processing drives development in a tone language. Both temporal and pitch abilities correlated with language development, but only pitch explained unique variance in language after age. The findings support the role of basic auditory processing mechanisms in language development, but they extend beyond the rhythm detection hypothesis by demonstrating that the fundamental cues for development are dependent on the specific processing demands of each language, rather than being universal.
Evaluation of neonatal Toll-like receptors 3 (c.1377C/T) and 9 (G2848A) gene polymorphisms in HBV intrauterine transmission susceptibility
Authors: GAO Y. , GUO J. , ZHANG F. , GUO Z. , ZHANG L.-R. , WANG T. , WANG B. , FENG S.-Y , WANG S.-P. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYTo investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 9 affect the susceptibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine transmission, we genotyped 399 neonates for TLR3 (c.1377C/T) [rs3775290] and TLR9 (G2848A) [rs352140] using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). A femoral venous blood sample was obtained from these subjects. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay kits and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) levels were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. Our results showed that when adjusting for maternal HBeAg, maternal HBV DNA and mode of delivery, allele ‘T’ for SNP c.1377C/T was significantly associated with HBV intrauterine transmission susceptibility [adjusted OR (aOR) 0·55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·34–0·91,P= 0·020] and the TT genotype decreased the risk of HBV intrauterine transmission (aOR 0·28, 95% CI 0·09–0·91,P= 0·033). Allele ‘A’ for SNP G2848A was significantly associated with HBV intrauterine transmission susceptibility (aOR 0·62, 95% CI 0·39–1·00,P= 0·048) and the GA genotype protected neonates from HBV intrauterine transmission (aOR 0·45, 95% CI 0·22–0·93,P= 0·031). The TLR3 (c.1377C/T) and TLR9 (G2848A) polymorphisms may be relevant for HBV intrauterine transmission susceptibility, although the reduction in risk to HBV intrauterine transmission is modest and the biological mechanism of the observed association merits further investigation.
Molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses in Cyprus over three consecutive seasons
Authors: RICHTER J. , NIKOLAOU E. , PANAYIOTOU C. , TRYFONOS C. , KOLIOU M. , CHRISTODOULOU C. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are widespread respiratory pathogens and a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in children in Cyprus over three consecutive winter seasons. From a total of 116 rhinovirus-positive samples, 68 were sequenced in the 5’-UTR and VP4/VP2 regions. Thirty-six (52·9%) samples were identified as HRV-A and 27 (39·7%) as HRV-C, with only five (7·4%) samples belonging to the HRV-B species. Of these, a total of 46 different genotypes were identified. In the VP2/VP4 phylogenetic tree all strains clustered in three different well-defined clades, whereas the 5’-UTR tree exhibited clades with a mixed clustering of HRV-A and HRV-C strains reflecting the evolutionary history of recombination between HRV-A and HRV-C that has been observed previously. In summary, a high intra- and inter-season diversity of HRV types was observed. Despite its geographical isolation the frequency of HRV species in Cyprus is comparable to that reported in other regions of the world supporting the concept of an unrestricted global circulation. This study assesses, for the first time, the epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in Cypriot children and will be helpful to clinicians and researchers interested in the treatment and control of viral respiratory tract infections.
Tackling the problem of blood culture contamination in the intensive care unit using an educational intervention
Authors: ALAHMADI Y. M. , McELNAY J. C. , KEARNEY M. P. , ALDEYAB M. A. , MAGEE F. A. , HANLEY J. , BAILIE R. , DONALDSON W. , JOHNSTON K. , KINOULTY S. , DOHERTY A. , TATE A. , SCOTT M. G. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYBlood culture contamination (BCC) has been associated with unnecessary antibiotic use, additional laboratory tests and increased length of hospital stay thus incurring significant extra hospital costs. We set out to assess the impact of a staff educational intervention programme on decreasing intensive care unit (ICU) BCC rates to <3% (American Society for Microbiology standard). BCC rates during the pre-intervention period (January 2006–May 2011) were compared with the intervention period (June 2011–December 2012) using run chart and regression analysis. Monthly ICU BCC rates during the intervention period were reduced to a mean of 3·7%, compared to 9·5% during the baseline period (P< 0·001) with an estimated potential annual cost savings of about £250 100. The approach used was simple in design, flexible in delivery and efficient in outcomes, and may encourage its translation into clinical practice in different healthcare settings.
The Liturgical Cope of D. Teotónio of Braganza: Material Characterization of a 16th CenturyPluviale
Authors: Ferreira Teresa , Moreiras Hugo , Manhita Ana , Tomaz Paula , Mirão José , Dias Cristina B. , Caldeira Ana T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA 16th century liturgical cope belonging to D. Teotónio of Braganza (collection of the Museum of Évora, ME 172/1) was selected for a material study. The cope is made of a variety of materials that include two different types of metal threads, dyed silk yarns, and vegetable yarns used in the weft. Several samples from different points representing the different metal thread types and colored silk yarns were collected. Stereomicroscopy (optical microscopy) and scanning electron microscopy were used for morphological analysis of the textile fibers and evaluation of metal thread degradation products. Evaluation of mordants and metal thread composition was carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection was used for dye identification, which allowed the determination of three different red dye sources and one yellow dye source in the colored silk yarns. Although different fabrics were used in the manufacturing of the cope, similarities identified in the characterization of the materials suggest that a single workshop was involved in its making.
Compact dual‐passband LTCC filter exploiting eighth‐mode SIW and SIW hybrid with coplanar waveguide
Authors: Xiangjun Zhang , Caoyuan Ma , Deqiang Cheng 
Published: November 2014

A compact dual‐passband low‐temperature ceramic con‐fired (LTCC) filter is proposed. Its electrical size is reduced by exploiting an eighth‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and a conventional SIW hybrid with a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The filter is fabricated on multilayer ceramic, which makes the filter even more compact. The filter was fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the filter has dual‐passband, the first passband is centred at 8.0 GHz with 0.95 GHz 3 dB bandwidth, and the second passband is centred at 11.1 GHz with 0.41 GHz 3 dB bandwidth. The filter has low passband insertion and sharp roll‐off characteristics at the transition band. The volume of the filter is only 9.6 × 9.6 × 1.4 mm3.
Human TRPA1 is intrinsically cold- and chemosensitive with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain
Authors: Moparthi Lavanya , Survery Sabeen , Kreir Mohamed , Simonsen Charlotte , Kjellbom Per , Högestätt Edward D. , Johanson Urban , Zygmunt Peter M. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The ability of an organism to detect and avoid noxious temperatures is crucial for survival. It is, therefore, of great interest that several transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have been proposed as temperature sensors. However, to date, only the menthol receptor (TRP subtype M8) and the chili pepper receptor (TRP subtype V1) have been shown to be intrinsically temperature-sensitive proteins in mammals. In this study, we show that the purified wasabi receptor (TRP subtype A1) is a cold sensor. Thus, mammals have at least two cold sensors that, together, cover pleasant (TRP subtype M8) and unpleasant (TRP subtype A1) cold temperatures. Our findings add to the understanding of how the temperature sense is organized and its role in pain associated with cold hypersensitivity.