bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Profiles of Bat Wing Surface Lipids
Authors: Pannkuk Evan L. , Fuller Nathan W. , Moore Patrick R. , Gilmore David F. , Savary Brett J. , Risch Thomas S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSebocytes are specialized epithelial cells that rupture to secrete sebaceous lipids (sebum) across the mammalian integument. Sebum protects the integument from UV radiation, and maintains host microbial communities among other functions. Native glandular sebum is composed primarily of triacylglycerides (TAG) and wax esters (WE). Upon secretion (mature sebum), these lipids combine with minor cellular membrane components comprising total surface lipids. TAG and WE are further cleaved to smaller molecules through oxidation or host enzymatic digestion, resulting in a complex mixture of glycerolipids (e.g., TAG), sterols, unesterified fatty acids (FFA), WE, cholesteryl esters, and squalene comprising surface lipid. We are interested if fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling of bat surface lipid could predict species specificity to the cutaneous fungal disease, white nose syndrome (WNS). We collected sebaceous secretions from 13 bat spp. using Sebutape® and converted them to FAME with an acid catalyzed transesterification. We found that Sebutape® adhesive patches removed ~6× more total lipid than Sebutape® indicator strips. Juvenile eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) had significantly higher 18:1 than adults, but 14:0, 16:1, and 20:0 were higher in adults. FAME profiles among several bat species were similar. We concluded that bat surface lipid FAME profiling does not provide a robust model predicting species susceptibility to WNS. However, these results provide baseline data that can be used for lipid roles in future ecological studies, such as life history, diet, or migration.
Association Colloids Formed by Multiple Surface Active Minor Components and Their Effect on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oil
Authors: Kittipongpittaya Ketinun , Panya Atikorn , Cui Leqi , McClements David Julian , Decker Eric Andrew 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAssociation colloids formed by surface active minor components play an important role in the oxidative stability of bulk oils. To imitate the formation of nanostructures in refined oils, multiple surface active minor components including phospholipids, free fatty acids, diacylglycerols and sterols were added to stripped corn oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed components was determined. The impact of mixed minor components at below and above their CMC on oxidative stability of bulk oil and on antioxidant activity of α‐tocopherol and Trolox was investigated. The CMC of the mixed surface active components in bulk oil was 20 µmol/kg oil in the presence of 383 ± 2 ppm of water. 1,2‐Dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) played an important role on the formation of association colloids since it was the most important component in forming the association colloids as confirmed by CMC and fluorescence probe studies. The association colloids formed by the mixed components showed prooxidative activity in bulk oil as determined by monitoring the formation of lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal. The activity of α‐tocopherol or Trolox was not changed by mixed components association colloids. These results suggest that association colloids both physically and chemically impacted the oxidative stability and activity of antioxidants in bulk oil.
Every death counts: Electronic tracking systems for maternal death review in India
Authors: Purandare Chittaranjan , Bhardwaj Ajey , Malhotra Manisha , Bhushan Himanshu , Shah Paramanand Keshavlal 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMaternal death review (MDR) is an important strategy to improve the quality of obstetric care and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. MDR provides detailed information on various factors at community, facility, and district levels that influence maternal health outcomes. One of the key challenges is to analyze large volumes of data collected via a paper‐based system that uses facility and community level forms. This database continues to expand quantitatively (multiple forms and data elements), which makes analysis of data increasingly difficult for timely management and analysis. The present paper describes the development process involved in linking the paper‐based system with an electronic system for MDR in India. The lessons learnt from this experience can contribute to understanding how innovative technologies can be used to address large‐scale public health issues in low‐resource countries and in particular solutions to address maternal health.
Manufacturing – Still a missing link?
Authors: Krause Daniel , Youngdahl William , Ramaswamy Kannan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces the special issue on “Implementing Operations Strategy for Competitive Advantage.” We initiated the call for papers for this special issue with this question: “How do we identify, promote, and implement transformational initiatives that put into place operational capabilities that provide new sources of firm‐level competitive advantage?” Collectively, these papers provide insight into how important operations can be to a company's success, while also reinforcing how important it is for operations to be integrated with other functions, internally, to achieve that success, as well as externally with suppliers. Before introducing the papers included in the forum, the authors provide thoughts on operations strategy research, drawing from the past and looking forward.
Developing supplier integration capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage: A dynamic capabilities approach
Authors: Vanpoucke Evelyne , Vereecke Ann , Wetzels Martin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrevious research describes supplier integration as a competitive resource that manufacturers use to create economic rents. Considering the mixed results obtained from linking supplier integration with performance outcomes, a ‘dynamic’ component – or the ability to reconfigure the supply chain to adapt to changing environments – appears critical to creating a sustainable competitive advantage. This study identifies integration sensing, seizing and transforming as sub‐capabilities that together form a dynamic capability, referred to herein as supplier integrative capability (SIC). That is, SIC enables buyers to sense changes in the supply environment by sharing information with suppliers, seize opportunities presented by establishing procedures to analyse this information and make long‐term changes to existing processes. A global sample from the industrial sector reveals that the three capabilities exhibit complementarity and must exist simultaneously for the capability to be effective, which then enhances both process flexibility and cost efficiency and helps firms avoid the traditional trade‐off of cost and flexibility. In addition, market and technological dynamics strengthen the effect of SIC on operational performance; supply base complexity attenuates this link.
The role of operations executives in strategy making
Authors: Demeester Lieven , De Meyer Arnoud , Grahovac Jovan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCreating competitive advantage based on operations capabilities is likely to require much analysis and communication within the operations function. At the same time, much communication and joint strategizing with the top and other functional executives is likely to be needed as well. Hence, given that operations executives have limited time and also have to perform many other routine tasks, they need to manage two tradeoffs. The first one is between the time spent on strategy making and the time spent on everything else. The other is within strategy making, between the time spent on “functional deliberation” within the operations function and “top‐level communication” with other executives. Using a survey of 134 operations executives, we find that an increase in the time the operations executive spends on strategy making is positively associated with performance in complex and hostile environments and when the relative strength of the operations function within the firm is low. Within the operations executive's strategy making, an increased emphasis on top‐level communication is positively associated with performance in environments that are complex, stable (less uncertain), or hostile.
Colour measurement of colostrum for estimation of colostral IgG and colostrum composition in dairy cows
Authors: Gross Josef J , Kessler Evelyne C , Bruckmaier Rupert M 
Published: September 2014

Instruments for on-farm determination of colostrum quality such as refractometers and densimeters are increasingly used in dairy farms. The colour of colostrum is also supposed to reflect its quality. A paler or mature milk-like colour is associated with a lower colostrum value in terms of its general composition compared with a more yellowish and darker colour. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between colour measurement of colostrum using the CIELAB colour space (CIE L*=from white to black, a*=from red to green, b*=from yellow to blue, chroma value G=visual perceived colourfulness) and its composition. Dairy cow colostrum samples (n=117) obtained at 4·7±1·5 h after parturition were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA and for fat, protein and lactose by infrared spectroscopy. For colour measurements, a calibrated spectrophotometer was used. At a cut-off value of 50 mg IgG/ml, colour measurement had a sensitivity of 50·0%, a specificity of 49·5%, and a negative predictive value of 87·9%. Colostral IgG concentration was not correlated with the chroma value G, but with relative lightness L*. While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows. Implementation of colour measuring devices in automatic milking systems and milking parlours might be a potential instrument to access colostrum quality as well as detecting abnormal milk.
Sequence variation in two mitochondrial DNA regions and internal transcribed spacer among isolates of the nematodeOesophagostomum asperumoriginating from goats in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Li F. , Hu T. , Duan N.C. , Li W.Y. , Teng Q. , Li H. , Liu W. , Liu Y. , Cheng T.Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study examined sequence variability in two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amongOesophagostomum asperumisolates from goats in Hunan Province, China. A portion of thecox1 (pcox1),nad1 (pnad1) genes and the ITS (ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2) rDNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately from adultO. asperumindividuals and the representative amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA were 366 bp, 681 bp and 785 bp, respectively. The A+T contents of gene sequences were 71.5–72% for pcox1, 73.7–74.2% for pnad1 and 58–58.8% for ITS rDNA. Intra-specific sequence variations withinO. asperumwere 0–1.6% for pcox1, 0–1.9% for pnad1 and 0–1.7% for ITS rDNA, while inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genusOesophagostomumwere significantly higher, being 11.1–12.5%, 13.3–17.7% and 8.5–18.6% for pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox1 and pnad1, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony), revealed distinct groups with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intra-specific variation in mtDNA and rDNA sequences amongO. asperumisolates from goats in Hunan Province, China, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics ofO. asperum.
Lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma: a study of 170 patients
Authors: Varshney R , Pakdaman M N , Sands N , Hier M P , Rochon L , Black M J , Payne R J 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjective:Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid has been described as either a normal variant or a serious malignancy. We describe our experience with papillary microcarcinoma and lymph node metastases.Method:A total of 685 consecutive total thyroidectomies with central compartment neck dissection were reviewed for papillary microcarcinoma. Association of central compartment lymph node metastases with age, gender, tumour multifocality, bilaterality and extrathyroidal extension was analysed.Results:Out of 170 papillary microcarcinoma cases, multifocality was found in 72 (42.4 per cent), bilaterality in 49 (28.8 per cent) and extrathyroidal extension in 16 (9.4 per cent). In all, 23 patients (13.5 per cent) had lymph node metastases. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between extrathyroidal extension (but no other tumour characteristics) and lymph node metastases.Conclusion:In all, 13.5 per cent of papillary microcarcinomas in our series showed lymph node metastases. Lymph node metastases were associated with extrathyroidal invasion of the papillary microcarcinoma.
Shrinking the lymphatic filariasis map: update on diagnostic tools for mapping and transmission monitoring
Authors: REBOLLO MARIA P. , BOCKARIE MOSES JOHN 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYLymphatic filariasis (LF), which is highly endemic in 73 countries worldwide, is targeted for elimination by 2020. The strategy for achieving this goal is based on 4 sequential programmatic steps: mapping, Mass drug administration (MDA) implementation, post-MDA surveillance and verification of LF elimination. All 4 stages of the implementation process are dependent on the availability of user friendly and highly sensitive rapid diagnostic tools. By the end of 2012, 59 countries had completed mapping for LF and Eritrea was the only country yet to start the process. Rolling out new diagnostic tools to facilitate the mapping process will enable an accelerated shrinking of the LF map to zero endemic countries by 2020. When the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, diagnostic tools for LF were limited to clinical examination, detection of microfilaria (MF) by microscopy in night blood samples and detection of antibodies to native-antigen preparations. There has been a significant improvement in the traditional LF diagnostic methods in recent years and some new tools are now available. This paper provides an update on the human diagnostic tests available for LF and their current applications as tools in mapping and transmission monitoring. The values of entomological indicators and parasite detection and speciation methods applied to vector populations are also discussed.
Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: Therapy Components
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Sweeton Jennifer L. , Nitiéma Pascal , Noffsinger Mary A. , Varma Vandana , Nelson Summer D. , Newman Elana 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChildren face innumerable challenges following exposure to disasters. To address trauma sequelae, researchers and clinicians have developed a variety of mental health interventions. While the overall effectiveness of multiple interventions has been examined, few studies have focused on the individual components of these interventions. As a preliminary step to advancing intervention development and research, this literature review identifies and describes nine common components that comprise child disaster mental health interventions. This review concluded that future research should clearly define the constituent components included in available interventions. This will require that future studies dismantle interventions to examine the effectiveness of specific components and identify common therapeutic elements. Issues related to populations studied (eg, disaster exposure, demographic and cultural influences) and to intervention delivery (eg, timing and optimal sequencing of components) also warrant attention.PfefferbaumB,SweetonJL,NitiémaP,NoffsingerMA,VarmaV,NelsonSD,NewmanE.Child disaster mental health interventions: therapy components.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-9.
A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage
Authors: Hansen Moritz , Perner Mirjam 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Thiomicrospira species are ubiquitously found in various marine environments and appear particularly common in hydrothermal vent systems. Members of this lineage are commonly classified as sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs. Although sequencing of Thiomicrospira crunogena’s genome has revealed genes that encode enzymes for hydrogen uptake activity and for hydrogenase maturation and assembly, hydrogen uptake ability has so far not been reported for any Thiomicrospira species. We isolated a Thiomicrospira species (SP-41) from a deep sea hydrothermal vent and demonstrated that it can oxidize hydrogen. We show in vivo hydrogen consumption, hydrogen uptake activity in partially purified protein extracts and transcript abundance of hydrogenases during different growth stages. The ability of this strain to oxidize hydrogen opens up new perspectives with respect to the physiology of Thiomicrospira species that have been detected in hydrothermal vents and that have so far been exclusively associated with sulfur oxidation.
Serotonin tranporter methylation and response to cognitive behaviour therapy in children with anxiety disorders
Authors: Roberts S , Lester K J , Hudson J L , Rapee R M , Creswell C , Cooper P J , Thirlwall K J , Coleman J R I , Breen G , Wong C C Y , Eley T C 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnxiety disorders that are the most commonly occurring psychiatric disorders in childhood, are associated with a range of social and educational impairments and often continue into adulthood. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment option for the majority of cases, although up to 35–45% of children do not achieve remission. Recent research suggests that some genetic variants may be associated with a more beneficial response to psychological therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation work at the interface between genetic and environmental influences. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations at the serotonin transporter (SERT) promoter region have been associated with environmental influences such as stressful life experiences. In this study, we measured DNA methylation upstream of SERT in 116 children with an anxiety disorder, before and after receiving CBT. Change during treatment in percentage DNA methylation was significantly different in treatment responders vs nonresponders. This effect was driven by one CpG site in particular, at which responders increased in methylation, whereas nonresponders showed a decrease in DNA methylation. This is the first study to demonstrate differences in SERT methylation change in association with response to a purely psychological therapy. These findings confirm that biological changes occur alongside changes in symptomatology following a psychological therapy such as CBT.
Square pulse emission with ultra‐low repetition rate utilising non‐linear polarisation rotation technique
Authors: Tan Sin Jin , Tiu Zian Cheak , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Ahmad Harith 
Published: September 2014

The generation of nanosecond square pulse and microsecond harmonic pulse in a passively mode‐locked fibre ring laser is demonstrated by inserting a 20 km long single mode fibre in the cavity. The laser operates in anomalous region based on the non‐linear polarisation rotation process. The square pulse generation is because of the dissipative soliton resonance effect, which clamps the peak intensity of the laser and broadens the pulse width. The pulse width can be tuned from 28.2 to 167.7 ns. It was found that the square pulse can deliver higher pulse energy compared with the harmonic pulse. The highest recorded pulse energy is 249.8 nJ under the maximum available pump power of 125 mW without pulse breaking.
Note: Longitudinally excited N2 laser with low beam divergence
Authors: Uno K. , Akitsu T. , Jitsuno T. 
Published: September 2014

We developed a longitudinally excited N2 laser (337 nm) with low beam divergence without collimator lenses. The N2 laser consisted of a 30 cm long Pyrex glass tube with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm, a normal stable resonator formed by flat mirrors, and a simple, novel driver circuit. At a N2 gas pressure of 0.4 kPa and a repetition rate of 40 Hz, the N2 laser produced a circular beam with an output energy of 2.6 μJ and a low full-angle beam divergence of 0.29 mrad due to the uniform discharge formed by the longitudinal excitation scheme, the long cavity with the small aperture, and the low-input energy oscillation.
Plant trait-based models identify direct and indirect effects of climate change on bundles of grassland ecosystem services
Authors: Lamarque Pénélope , Lavorel Sandra , Mouchet Maud , Quétier Fabien 
Published: September 2014

Significance
The sustainable management of the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) in a context of global change is of major importance to sustain human livelihoods. Doing sustainable management requires us to understand and to quantify the effects and mechanisms of changes in driving variables on multiple ESs. However, few studies to date have analyzed ES scenarios, and even fewer have adopted a mechanistic approach. This study presents a unique approach to examine not only the direct effects of climate on multiple ESs, but also its indirect effects through its consequences for land management and for plant functional traits. The framework was tested in an alpine grassland system using ES models based on land use, plant functional traits, and soil data.
Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots
Authors: Reich Peter B. , Luo Yunjian , Bradford John B. , Poorter Hendrik , Perry Charles H. , Oleksyn Jacek 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Do forests in cold or dry climate zones distribute more resources in roots to enhance uptake of water and nutrients, which are scarce in such climates? Despite its importance to forest ecology and global carbon cycle modeling, this question is unanswered at present. To answer this question, we compiled and analyzed a large dataset (>6,200 forests, 61 countries) and determined that the proportion of total forest biomass in roots is greater and in foliage is smaller in increasingly cold climates. Surprisingly, allocation to roots or foliage was unrelated to aridity. These findings allow, for the first time to our knowledge, biogeographically explicit mapping of global root carbon pools, which will be useful for assessing climate change impacts on forest carbon dynamics and sequestration.
Biogeography of time partitioning in mammals
Authors: Bennie Jonathan J. , Duffy James P. , Inger Richard , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: September 2014

SignificanceThe majority of mammal species are nocturnal, but many are diurnal (active during the day), crepuscular (active mostly during twilight), or cathemeral (active during hours of daylight and darkness). These different strategies for regulating activity over a 24-h cycle are associated with suites of adaptations to light or semidarkness. The biogeography of these time partitioning strategies is, however, poorly understood. We show that global patterns in mammal diversity with different diel activity patterns are constrained by the duration of time that is both (i) illuminated by daylight, moonlight, and/or twilight and (ii) between thermal limits suitable for mammal activity.