bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Primary School Teachers Regarding Pediculosis Capitis in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Khalil Minan Rafaa , Hussein Wijdan Akram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pediculosis is a disease which is caused by the ectoparasite Pediculus humanus capitis. There is an estimated 19% global prevalence of head lice infestation among schoolchildren. Health education programs have a beneficial impact on the prevention and control of the disease. Increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and behaviors, and improving personal hygiene practices reduce the morbidity and prevalence of pediculosis capitis.

Aim of Study:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of primary school teachers about pediculosis capitis and to find the association of studied variables with knowledge and practice scores.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 primary schools in Baghdad, Iraq, from November 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. It included 351 primary school teachers who had worked for at least 1 year. A questionnaire was distributed to teachers at selected schools for assessment of knowledge and practice.

Results:
In this study, 20.5% of studied cases had poor knowledge, 58% had fair and 21.5% had good knowledge. Regarding practice level, 43% of studied cases had poor, 37% had fair and 20% had good practice about pediculosis capitis. Poor knowledge and poor practice are significantly higher among participants with an institute level of education and lower duration of work, among singles, those who did not have children who had arts or sports specialties, and those who did not have pediculosis capitis cases. A strong positive correlation was noticed between knowledge and practice scores.

Conclusion:
The knowledge scores were fair, while the practice scores were poor. Multiple sources are considered a major source of information. There is no association between the gender of the participant and the level of knowledge and practice parameters.
Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index in Prediction of Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Alamiri Majeed , Ismail Mustafa M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Penetrating abdominal trauma is a major health problem worldwide, and in Iraq, it constitutes a main job in the trauma field for general surgeons working across the country. Factors affecting the postoperative complication are well established. Moore found in 1981 that penetrating abdominal trauma score is considered an independent factor for postoperative mortality.

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes in Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality using the penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI) score.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done for 1 year from April 2022 to April 2023 at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital; 96 patients were admitted to the theater for explorative laparotomy after having the appropriate initial management at the emergency department were included in the study; and intraoperative findings were obtained and tabulated. Basic statistical analysis to compare means and Chi-square test for P value of complicated, noncomplicated, and mortality cases were used.

Results:
Patients who died scored a PATI mean of 27.16, while those who were complicated in general were 23.52, and the uncomplicated cases had a mean PATI of 10.48.

Conclusion:
Increasing the PATI score will increase the postoperative complications that can lead to death. This makes the PATI score >25 a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in penetrating abdominal trauma.
Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Cross-sectional Study in Anbar Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Delaimy Ahmed K. , Saeed Ruya Abdulhadi M. , Khatatbeh Moawiah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
On March 2020, the World Health Organization announced that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. In Iraq, since the start of applying the national COVID-19 vaccine campaign, many people refused to take the COVID-19 vaccine for various reasons, which has led to the further spread of the disease and the pandemic.

Objectives:
To determine some factors for refusing COVID-19 vaccination and the beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among Iraqi people in Anbar Province, Iraq.

Subjects and Methods:
A household-based cross-sectional study and a face-to-face interview were done on 814 participants who were involved in the survey. A convenient sample approach was followed in this study to recruit participants from 11 different areas in the entral, southern, and northern of Anbar Province, Iraq, including urban and rural regions. A questionnaire form was applied to participants enrolled in the study, and the principal researcher carried out a written interview by face-to-face with the participant. An analysis of data carried out using cross-tabulated chi square test to identify variables associated with vaccine acceptance, in addition to descriptive statistics.

Results:
A majority (71.7%) of the population did not take any type of COVID-19 vaccine; among those who took the COVID-19 vaccine, 58.4% took only one dose of vaccination. Among people who did not take any type of vaccine, a high percentage of 72.1% said that they did not trust it. Others (14.3%) did not take it because their friends and relatives did not take it. A significant difference (P = 0.001) was found regarding the characteristics of those who took the vaccine and those who did not take it, including age, gender, occupation, place of residence, education level, and having had COVID-19.

Conclusion:
A high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine refusal was found in places in Anbar Governorate based on rumors, media communication, and behavioral attitudes needs many efforts from health workers in primary health-care centers and other health staff in other health institutions to increase people’s knowledge about the vaccine to lessen COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Physician Empathy and Its Relation to Age, Gender, and Years of Experience
Authors: Abidalkarem Goson Ahmad , Hasan Lamyaa Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Empathy is a necessary clinical skill; it is a key element of physician–patient relations which have a significant role in the effectiveness of health care, the physician must have the competence to understand the patient’s situation, perspective, and feelings, and to act on that understanding in a helpful therapeutic way. A highly empathetic doctor is the dream of every patient.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the level of empathy among physicians at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and to assess its relation to age, gender, and years of experience.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 physicians working at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq; the data collection was from April 14 to August 14, 2023. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire which consists of sociodemographic variables and questions of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy health professional version. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.

Results:
Three hundred physicians participated in the study. The mean age was 31.66 ± 5.288 years, 46% males and 54% females. The mean years of experience were 6.89 ± 5.551 years, 62.7% people-oriented physicians and 37.3% were technology oriented the majority of the people oriented were females and the majority of technology oriented were males. The median score was 102.00 with an interquartile range of 20.75, no significant association was found with gender or medical discipline. The median empathy score of physicians who had <10 years’ experience appeared to be significantly higher in comparison to other groups; (P < 0.001), and also in juniors and the age group of 25–35 years.

Conclusions:
Empathy scores of younger physicians with <10 years of experience were significantly higher than other physicians, indicating that there is empathy decline as the years of experience increase that could be attributed to numerous factors that need to be further evaluated.
The Value of Red Cell Distribution Width and Its Correlation with Other Parameters in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ali Aliaa Hussein , Naji Alaadin Sahham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the range of variation in the red blood cell size. It reflects red blood cell volume heterogeneity and is a part of the whole blood cell count. The use of the RDW in the diagnosis of malignant tumors has recently attracted much attention. Related research has mainly focused on endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer.

Aim of the Study:
This study investigated the correlation between the RDW and ovarian cancer by observing changes in the RDW in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer.

Patients and Methods:
A case–control study involving 50 females with ovarian cancer and 50 healthy females conducted at Baghdad Oncology Teaching Hospital, and Al-Imamian Al-Kadhimiyain Medical City from January 1, 2022, to December 30, 2022. Data collection included demographic data, complete blood count with the calculation of platelets to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), transferrin saturation, and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). Adult females with histologically proven ovarian cancer were included in this research. Patients with conditions that affect red blood cells were excluded from the study.

Results:
The mean age was 52.6 ± 10.4 years old for the cases and 50.0 ± 11.4 years for the control group. Platelets count (PLT), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), PLR, NLR, RDW, and CA-125 were significantly higher in the women with ovarian cancer in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). RDW values were found to be positively correlated with white blood cell, PLT, ANC, NLR, PLR, and CA-125 values (P < 0.001). RDW values were also positively associated with cancer stage; thus, higher values of RDW are to be expected with a higher stage of cancer (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff point for RDW was found to be 14.6% with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 90%, and an area under the curve of 96%.

Conclusion:
The RDW is increased with ovarian cancer, and a clear cutoff point for the prediction of ovarian cancer has been observed. Furthermore, RDW was positively correlated with cancer stage and inflammatory markers including PLT, ANC, PLR, NLR, and a tumor marker CA-125.
The Concept of Cloud Computing for Notary Protocol Storage Reviewed from the Secrets of the Notary Position
Authors: Gautama Nadine Cristalia , Sendrawan Tjhong 
Published: August 2024

This research is motivated by the problems and difficulties in storing the Notary Protocol, where it must provide a sufficient place and protect it from the risk of loss or damage due to fire, theft, or force majeure. Cloud computing-based Notary Protocol Storage is the solution to the problem. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Notary Protocol based on cloud computing associated with the Secrets of the Notary Position regulated in Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to the 2004 Law on the Notary Position (UUJN). This research was conducted using a doctrinal approach, with an explanatory type of research that used secondary data obtained from literature and document studies. The data obtained is analyzed qualitatively; the collected data is systematically calcified according to each category and then analyzed to answer the main problem. The results of this study show that the cloud computing system will facilitate and overcome the risk of loss or damage to archives stored in the Notary Protocol, and the use of cloud computing can be done without violating the Notary Secret, but it is better than the service provider is the party organized by the Notary Supervisory Council (MPN), and for the weaknesses and risks owned by the cloud computing system, the storage of the Notary Protocol should be carried out in conjunction with manual storage either by conventional (paper) and/or by backing up on a private server.
THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ON INCREASING THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOLS SCHWARZ LANGOWAN
Authors: Kalangie Wulan Jeynita , Killing Maykel A. , Damping Hendrik Herman 
Published: August 2024

Background: A life-threatening emergency condition where a person experiences cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, or both, the causal factors include heart disease and traffic accidents so that this case can result in death. For this reason, increasing knowledge, especially for ordinary people, in providing first aidpre hospital necessary. Basic life support (BHD) is an emergency measure to clear the airway, assist breathing and maintain blood circulation without the use of assistive devices. In order to increase knowledge and skills for lay people, in this case female students, they are given health education about BHD. Puerpose:determine the effect of health education about basic life support on increasing the knowledge and skills of students at Schwarz Langowan Christian High School Method:This study used a one group pre test-post test design on 30 respondents to compare knowledge about BHD before and after health education was carried out. Data were collected through BHD knowledge questionnaires and BHD technique observation sheets. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with significance α < 0.05.Results: Knowledge results before being given treatment were (77%) in the sufficient category with an average value of 8.5333 and after being given treatment (90%) were in the good category with an average value of 15.2667. Skills before treatment (93%) were in the less skilled category with an average value of 1.8000 and after being given treatment (70%) were in the skilled category with an average value of 9.2333. Further analysis of both knowledge and skills of all respondents increased with the results of the analysis showing a significant influence of basic life support health education on knowledge and skills with a value of p = 0.000; α < 0.05.
Conclusion:The conclusion is that health education about BHD has a significant effect on the level of knowledge and skills of students at Schwarz Langowan Christian High School. BHD's health education recommendations to improve knowledge and skills can be used as programs in schools to benefit all students.

Keywords:Health Education, Basic Life Support, Knowledge, Skills
DESCRIPTIONSTRESSOR AND COPING MECHANISMS IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Pany Olivia Carla Yeany Dae , Tololiu Tinneke A. , Kanine Esrom 
Published: August 2024

Background: In adolescence, a person is expected to be able to form a style or color in his life, one of which is by becoming an independent teenager and not being a shadow of stress. Stress is a reality of everyday life, stress is any change that requires adjustment. Objective: To find out stressors and coping mechanisms in adolescents based on the results of research articles. Method: This research uses a literature review type of research, namely using the results of previous research through research journals. To obtain data that is appropriate to the topic, researchers conducted a search for national and international journals in two databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmend, using keywords with boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT). The keywords used, stress, coping, and adolescents are listed in each journal title obtained. With the condition that the journals searched were from 2017-2020 and the researcher found 8 journals that were used for the literature review. Results and analysis: Researchers found 8 articles that were appropriate and met the inclusion criteria regarding the topics discussed, namely descriptions of stressors and coping mechanisms in adolescents, two of which were taken in international journals, two of which discussed dysmenorrhea stressors and the others discussed educational stressors and some Most use adaptive coping mechanisms in solving problems. Conclusion: Based on the literature review, the researcher concluded that there is a description of stressors and coping mechanisms in adolescents. Adolescents react to stress in different ways and most use adaptive coping mechanisms in dealing with stressors, there are also a small number who use maladaptive coping mechanisms.

Key words: stress, coping, teenagers.
The Effectiveness of The Nursing Care Approach in Healing Diabetic Ulcers: A Case Study of Mrs. F in Sintuwulemba Village, Lage District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Langitan Rosamey Elleke , . Agusrianto , Rantesigi Nirva 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan:
Ulkus diabetik adalah salah satu komplikasi serius yang sering terjadi pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus. Ulkus merupakan luka terbuka pada kulit, sering kali terjadi pada kaki atau kaki bagian bawah, yang sulit sembuh dan berpotensi menjadi infeksi yang serius jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat.
Asuhan keperawatan pada pasien ulkus diabetik di desa sintuwulemba dapat di lakukan dengan melakukan pengkajian, merumuskan diagnosa, perencanaan intervensi, melakukan implementasi dan evaluasi. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan mengkaji efektifitas penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan ulkus diabetik dalam upaya mempercepat proses penyembuhan, mencegah infeksi sekunder, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Metode penelitian yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus 1 orang pasien yang memilik ulkus diabetik dengan derajat 2 di mana kedalaman luka mencapai ligament, tendon dan otot. Hasil penelitian : didapatkan pasien mengeluh terdapat luka pada kaki sebelah kanan dibagian telapak kaki dan sela-sela jari dengan ukuran PxL: 8,8cm kondisi luka terdapat jaringan nekrotik 50% menutupi luka, warna luka kekuningan dan luka berbau, di dapatkan data terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa darah 264/gdl, data mengatakan klien cemas dan takut karena luka yang tak kunjung sembuh. Diagnosa keperawatan : (1) gangguan integritas kulit, (2) ketidakstabilan kadar glukosa dalam darah,(3)ansietas. Intervensi keperawatan: integritas/kulit, perawatan luka, manajemen hiperglikemia, reduksi ansietas. Implementasi keperawatan : dilakukan tindakan perawatan luka modern, edukasi diet dan dukungan perkembangan penyembuhan luka. Evaluasi : yaitu setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 6 hari pasien mengatakan perasaan lebih rileks dan perasaan cemas berkurang. Jaringan nekrotik berkurang, dan bau berkurang, pasien sudah melakukan diet karbohidrat dan juga mengurangi makanan yang mengandung gula lebih, perasaan lebih rileks. Kesimpulan : bahwa dengan perawatan integritas kulit, perawatan luka, manajemen hiperglikemia, edukasi diet, dukungan perkembangan luka dan terapi relaksasi efektif di lakukan pada pemberian asuhan keperawatan.
Kata Kunci: Perawatan; Luka; DM
Corrosion at Top-of-the-Line in High Pressure and Dense CO2 Environments
Authors: Eslami Maryam , Pan Mengqiu , Young David , Singer Marc 
Published: August 2024

This study presents unique data on top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) occurring in high-pressure environments where CO2 was in the gaseous, liquid, or supercritical state. While CO2 is traditionally in a gaseous phase, this form of degradation is referred to as TLC. In this study, similar phenomena with different mechanisms were observed in liquid CO2 and supercritical states all of which are referred to as TLC due to the location of specimens and ease of comprehension. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of CO2 partial pressure (ranging from 20 bar to 100 bar) with temperatures (30°C to 50°C) relating to different water condensation rates (0.001 mL/m2/s to 0.1 mL/m2/s). Uniform and localized TLC rates increased with a higher water condensation rate and surface temperature. As long as CO2 remained gaseous, its partial pressure (pCO2) showed a negligible influence on both uniform and localized TLC rates. At the highest gaseous CO2 content tested, the formation of a protective iron carbonate (FeCO3) layer decreased the TLC rate, with this effect being more pronounced at lower water condensation rates. The risk of localized corrosion for specimens exposed to this environment at high and medium water condensation rates remained an issue. In the dense phase CO2 environment, the difference in temperature between the bulk environment and the specimen’s surface caused a similar phenomenon to water condensation, termed water drop-out, which resulted in corrosion. The rate of water drop-out could not be measured experimentally or estimated theoretically but is a complex function of temperature, pCO2, and CO2 physical state. The interplay between high pCO2 and low pH of the dropped-out water led to elevated uniform and localized corrosion rates. The depth of localized corrosion, at the high and medium water drop-out conditions, reached its maximum at the surface temperature of ca. 45°C. At a lower surface temperature of ca. 25°C and a higher surface temperature of ca. 65°C, the maximum penetration rate was decreased due to slower kinetics of reactions and the formation of a more protective FeCO3 layer, respectively. The results presented in this study highlight the significant difference between corrosion rates, especially in the form of localized damage, in gaseous and dense-phase CO2 environments.
<sup>1</sup>H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differentiation between low- and high-grade cervical carcinoma: is it efficient?
Authors: Amin Mohamed Ibrahim , Amin A. El-Aziz I. , Badr Shimaa Elsayed , Ebaid Noha Yahia 
Published: August 2024

PurposeTo evaluate the extent to which magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) lipid metabolites are accurate in predicting high-grade cervical cancer.Material and methodsThis prospective single-centre pilot study included 20 cases with pathologically proven cervical cancer. They underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with MRS. Two radiologists, blinded to the histopathological results, with 10 years of experience in gynaecological imaging, independently analysed the MRI images and MRS curves, and a third one resolved any disagreement. Using the histopathological results as a standard test, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was utilised to calculate the optimal lipid peak (1.3 ppm) cutoff for predicting high-grade cervical cancer. The difference in MRS metabolites between low- and high-grade cervical cancer groups was estimated using the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsThe study included 11 high-grade and nine low-grade cervical cancer cases based on the histopathological evaluation. A lipid (1.3 ppm) peak of 29.9 was the optimal cutoff for predicting high-grade cervical cancer with 100% sensitivity, 77.8%, specificity, and 90% accuracy. Moreover, there was a significant difference between low- and high-grade cervical cancer cases concerning lipid peak at 0.9 ppm, lipid peak at 1.3 ppm, and the peak of choline with (p-value 0.025, 0.001, and 0.023), respectively.ConclusionsMRS might be considered a useful imaging technique for assessing the grade of cervical cancer and improving the planning of treatment. It shows a good diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, it can be adopted in clinical practice for better patient outcome.