bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Frequent Toll‐Like Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphism Affects NK‐ and T‐cell IFN‐γ Production and is Associated with Helicobacter pylori‐induced Gastric Disease
Authors: Yang Chin‐An , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Bauer Sandra , Kleinle Christoph , Wex Thomas , Bornschein Jan , Malfertheiner Peter , Hellmig Stephan , Schumann Ralf R. , Hamann Lutz 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infects approximately 50% of the world population. Among the infected individuals, only 10–20% develop peptic ulcers and <3% progress to gastric cancer (GC). Th1‐predominant immune responses have been suggested to underlie H. pylori‐induced gastric diseases. However, the reason for a strong inter‐individual variation of susceptibility and course of the disease is currently far from being understood. It has been shown that H. pylori stimulates the host's Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2/1 complex. Furthermore, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) I602S of TLR1 alters the inflammatory cytokine response of monocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized an association of this TLR1 SNP with H. pylori‐mediated gastric pathologies.Materials and MethodsSubjects with different TLR1 genotypes were analyzed for their IFN‐γ response of NK‐ and T‐cells. We further genotyped 548 patients with gastric diseases for this SNP and compared patients with gastritis with those having ulcer, and patients with high‐risk gastritis versus patients with GC.ResultsHomozygous 602S allele carriers exhibited impaired in vitro IFN‐γ responses to the TLR2/1 agonist Pam3CSK4. The TLR1 I602S SNP is significantly associated with GC (p = .002) and gastric ulcer (p = .051). Odds ratios showed significantly reduced risk regarding GC and peptic ulcer for the homozygous mutated genotype. The odds ratios were 0.4 (95% CI, 0.22–0.72) and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.35–1.00), respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results suggest that the nonfunctional TLR1 602S/S genotype is associated with a reduced risk of H. pylori‐induced gastric diseases, probably via diminished Th1 responses.
PAX8 and PAX5 are differentially expressed in B‐cell and T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth A , Pozdnyakova Olga , Nascimento Alessandra F , Hirsch Michelle S 
Published: August 2012

Aims:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of B‐cell specific activator protein (BSAP)/PAX5 and PAX8 in a wide variety of B‐cell and T‐cell neoplasms.Methods and results:  A wide range of B‐cell and T‐cell neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against BSAP/PAX5 and PAX8 (polyclonal, pPAX8; monoclonal, mPAX8). Ten non‐neoplastic lymph node specimens were examined with the same panel. All of the tested neoplastic and non‐neoplastic B‐cells reacted with the BSAP/PAX5 and pPAX8 antibodies, but did not show reactivity with the mPAX8 antibody. All tested T‐cell neoplasms were negative using the BSAP/PAX5, pPAX8 and mPAX8 antibodies.Conclusions:  This is the first study to show the absence of reactivity to an mPAX8 antibody in an expanded panel of B‐cell lymphomas as well as in a variety of T‐cell neoplasms. In contrast to the mPAX8 antibody, the pPAX8 antibody shows nuclear positivity in non‐neoplastic B cells and mature B‐cell neoplasms; however, this expression is probably a result of cross‐reactivity with PAX5. Given that many laboratories use the pPAX8 antibody, a clear understanding of the differential staining patterns is necessary. The differential diagnosis of a B‐cell lymphoma should be entertained when a pPAX8‐positive, epithelial marker‐negative neoplasm of uncertain primary origin is encountered.
Predictors of abstinence among smokers recruited actively to quitline support
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Paul Christine L. , Walsh Raoul A. , Wiggers John , Duncan Sarah L. , Knight Jenny 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsActive recruitment of smokers increases the reach of quitlines; however, some quitlines restrict proactive telephone counselling (i.e. counsellor‐initiated calls) to smokers ready to quit within 30 days. Identifying characteristics associated with successful quitting by actively recruited smokers could help to distinguish those most likely to benefit from proactive telephone counselling. This study assessed the baseline characteristics of actively recruited smokers associated with prolonged abstinence at 4, 7 and 13 months and the proportion achieving prolonged abstinence that would miss out on proactive telephone counselling if such support was offered only to smokers intending to quit within 30 days at baseline.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which the baseline characteristics associated with prolonged abstinence were examined.SettingNew South Wales (NSW) community, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 1562 smokers recruited at random from the electronic NSW telephone directory.MeasurementsBaseline socio‐demographic and smoking‐related characteristics associated with prolonged abstinence at 4, 7 and 13 months post‐recruitment.FindingsWaiting more than an hour to smoke after waking and intention to quit within 30 days at baseline predicted five of the six prolonged abstinence measures. If proactive telephone counselling was restricted to smokers who at baseline intended to quit within 30 days, 53.8–65.9% of experimental group participants who achieved prolonged abstinence would miss out on telephone support.ConclusionsLess addicted and more motivated smokers who are actively recruited to quitline support are more likely to achieve abstinence. Most actively recruited smokers reported no intention to quit within the next 30 days, but such smokers still achieved long‐term abstinence.
A meta‐analysis of the accuracy and precision of the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM)
Authors: Chong S. W. , Peyton P. J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe ultrasonic cardiac output monitor is a non‐invasive, continuous‐wave Doppler monitor that can be used to measure cardiac output. Its accuracy and precision in peri‐operative and critical care has been assessed with varied results. We conducted a meta‐analysis to calculate a pooled mean bias, precision and percentage error for this device. Six studies were suitable for inclusion into a pooled parametric analysis consisting of 320 measurements. The mean weighted bias was −0.39 l.min−1(95% CI −0.25 to −0.53 l.min−1), precision 1.27 l.min−1and percentage error 42.7% (95% CI 38.5−46.9%). The ultrasonic cardiac output monitor achieved similar agreement with bolus thermodilution to that of other minimally invasive methods of peri‐operative cardiac output monitoring, and may have a useful role in cardiac output monitoring.
Descriptive and factor analysis of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ‘07) in a population‐based sample of children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Rivard L. , Missiuna C. , McCauley D. , Cairney J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ‘07) discriminates children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) from their peers. Studies employing the DCDQ have typically used clinical samples. To further validate the DCDQ'07, this study: (1) described its distributions in a population‐based sample, and a sample of children with DCD; (2) explored sex and age differences at important cut‐points; and (3) examined its factor structure.MethodsThis secondary analysis of data collected from 23 schools (n = 3151) included a sample of 3070 children (1526 boys, 1544 girls) and a sample of 122 children (73 boys, 49 girls) who met DCD diagnostic criteria. DCDQ‘07 distributions were described by age and sex. Chi‐square analyses were conducted using three clinically important percentile ranges; a factor analysis explored the construct validity of DCDQ scores.ResultsParents of 3070 children (97.4%) completed the questionnaire independently. Significant sex differences were noted in both samples. Significant differences in proportions by sex, and DCDQ means by age were found in the population sample. A three‐factor solution was found, accounting for 70.3% of the variance.ConclusionsThis is one of the largest studies using the DCDQ'07 with a non‐clinical sample. The three‐factor solution, including item loading, was consistent with previous research. When using DCDQ cut‐offs it is important to consider sex and age.
Why do Romanian junior high school students start to smoke?
Authors: Lotrean L. M. , Mesters I. , de Vries H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is a crucial period in the development of smoking behaviour. To develop efficient prevention programmes for teenagers, it is essential to understand why adolescents start to smoke. The objective of this study was to assess the predictors of smoking onset among Romanian junior high school students aged 13–14.MethodsThe data were obtained from a two‐wave, 9‐month longitudinal study carried out among 504 junior high school non‐smokers from Cluj‐Napoca, Romania. Questionnaires assessed smoking behaviour, attitudes, social influence, self‐efficacy and intention regarding smoking (motivational variables), as well as different sociodemographic features.ResultsThe results from the logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline lower self‐efficacy in refraining from smoking in several social situations, baseline pressures from peers to smoke and baseline intentions to smoke significantly increased the risk of non‐smokers to become smokers at follow‐up 9 months later.ConclusionsThese findings underline that reinforcing social self‐efficacy to refuse smoking, resisting peer pressures and maintaining negative intentions regarding smoking are essential ingredients for smoking prevention programmes among Romanian junior high school students.
The European Principles of Haemophilia Care: a pilot investigation of adherence to the principles in Europe
Authors: Fischer K. , Hermans C. ,   European Haemophilia Therapy Standardisation Board (EHTSB)
Published: August 2012

SummaryIn 2008 the 10 Principles of Haemophilia Care were outlined to provide a benchmark for haemophilia treatment. The EHTSB performed a survey to establish to what extent the Principles of Haemophilia Care were being applied throughout Europe. In total, 21 centres from 14 countries (France, UK, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Greece and Italy), were surveyed. A central organization of haemophilia care (principle 1) was present in 79%, and a central patient registry in 57% (principle 2). National haemophilia care decision‐making was performed by clinicians, ministries and patient organizations (principle 4). All had designated comprehensive care centres (CCC – principle 3), responsible the majority of severe patients, but in 36% some patients were treated outside CCC/haemophilia treatment centres (HTC)s. Clotting factor concentrates were available everywhere, without dosing restraints (principle 5), including recombinant products in 86% of countries. Prophylactic treatment was available for all children but not for all adults (principle 7). Immune tolerance was available in all countries (principle 9). Home treatment was supported and taught by all centres (principle 6). At centre level, 86% had 24‐h laboratory facilities and all participated in education and research (principle 10). An experienced haematologist was available at all centres, a paediatrician in 47%, and prompt out of hours review was available in all (principle 8). The Principles of Haemophilia Care were generally applied throughout Europe. Some aspects of centralization, national organization of care, use of registries, formal paediatric care and prophylaxis for adults may be improved.
Spontaneous and transient defence against bacteriophage by phase‐variable glucosylation of O‐antigen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Kim Minsik , Ryu Sangryeol 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAs natural killers of bacteria, bacteriophages have forced bacteria to develop a variety of defence mechanisms. The alteration of host receptors is one of the most common bacterial defence strategies against phage infection, which completely blocks phage attachment but comes at a potential fitness cost to the bacteria. Here, we report the cost‐free, transient emergence of phage resistance in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium through a phase‐variable modification of the O‐antigen. Phage SPC35 typically requires BtuB as a host receptor but also uses the Salmonella O12‐antigen as an adsorption‐assisting apparatus for the successful infection of S. Typhimurium. The α‐1,4‐glucosylation of galactose residues in the O12‐antigen by phase variably expressed O‐antigen glucosylating genes, designated the LT
2
gtrABC1 cluster, blocks the adsorption‐assisting function of the O12‐antigen. Consequently, it confers transient SPC35 resistance to Salmonella without any mutations to the btuB gene. This temporal switch‐off of phage adsorption through phase‐variable antigenic modification may be widespread among Gram‐negative bacteria‐phage systems.
Maternal Use of Cystitis Medication and Childhood Epilepsy in a Danish Population‐based Cohort
Authors: Miller Jessica E. , Pedersen Lars Henning , Sun Yuelian , Olsen Jørn 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:  Maternal infections during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk for neurological outcomes in the child, including epilepsy. We examined cystitis antibiotics commonly used during pregnancy, as a marker of cystitis, and the risk of childhood epilepsy in a population‐based cohort in Denmark.Methods:  We examined all liveborn singletons born in Denmark between January 1996 and September 2004, identified from the Danish National Birth Registry. Epilepsy diagnoses were obtained from the Danish National Hospital Register and maternal antibiotic use from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics. Cystitis antibiotics consisted of pivmecillinam, sulphamethizole and nitrofurantoin. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results:  The study followed 447 629 singletons for up to 9.9 years and identified 2848 children diagnosed with epilepsy. We found slightly increased risks of epilepsy in children whose mothers had redeemed prescriptions during pregnancy for pivmecillinam HR = 1.2 [95% CI 1.0, 1.4], sulphamethizole HR = 1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.4] or nitrofurantoin HR = 1.1 [95% CI 0.8, 1.5], compared with those unexposed. Among mothers with multiple redeemed prescriptions during pregnancy, adjusted HR were for pivmecillinam HR = 1.3 [95% CI 1.1, 1.5], sulphamethizole HR = 1.3 [95% CI 1.1, 1.5] and nitrofurantoin HR = 1.3 [95% CI 1.0, 1.8].Conclusions:  Similar magnitudes of associations between chemically different drugs, used almost exclusively to treat cystitis, may suggest an impact of maternal infection on the fetal brain. However, direct drug effects or confounding factors are also possible explanations.
Extent of Maternal Morbidity in a Managed Care Population in Georgia
Authors: Bruce F. Carol , Berg Cynthia J. , Joski Peter J. , Roblin Douglas W. , Callaghan William M. , Bulkley Joanna E. , Bachman Donald J. , Hornbrook Mark C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:  Although maternal deaths are among the most tragic events related to pregnancy, they are uncommon in the US and, therefore, inadequate indicators of a woman's pregnancy‐related health. Maternal morbidity has become a more useful measure for surveillance and research. Traditional attempts to monitor maternal morbidity have used hospital discharge data, which include data only on complications that resulted in hospitalisation, underestimating the frequency and scope of complications.Methods:  To obtain a more accurate assessment of morbidity, we applied a validated computerised algorithm to identify pregnancies and pregnancy‐related complications in a defined population enrolled in a health maintenance organisation in the south‐eastern US. We examined the most common morbidities by pregnancy outcome and maternal characteristics.Results:  We identified 37 741 pregnancies; in half (50.7%), at least one complication occurred. The five most common were urinary tract infections, anaemia, mental health conditions, pelvic and perineal complications, and obstetrical infections. Complications were more likely in women with low socio‐economic status (SES), and among non‐Hispanic Black women compared with non‐Hispanic White women. Multivariable models stratified by race/ethnicity indicated that in pregnancies among non‐Hispanic White women, low SES had a modest effect on the odds of having preexisting medical conditions [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.5]] or having any morbidity (AOR 1.3 [95% CI 1.2, 1.4]). Low SES had little effect on complications among non‐Hispanic Black women.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that comprehensive health insurance coverage may lessen the unfavourable impact of socio‐economic disadvantage on the risk of maternal morbidity.
Determinants of Small for Gestational Age Birth at Term
Authors: Campbell Martha Karen , Cartier Shannon , Xie Bin , Kouniakis George , Huang Wenyi , Han Victor 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:  Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is an indicator of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and later health risks. This study investigated determinants of severe and moderate SGA (respectively, birthweight <3rd percentile and 3rd to <10th percentile for gestational age and sex).Methods:  A total of 2195 term pregnancies from a prospective cohort were studied. Prenatal data arose from maternal interview at 10–22 weeks of gestation and perinatal data were collected from hospital charts. Severe and moderate SGA were classified by Canadian population standards. Risk factors for SGA were identified from fitting multivariable logistic regression models.Results:  Multivariable associations with severe SGA were: maternal age ≥ 35 [odds ratio (OR) 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.9]], maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 5.3 [95% CI 2.4, 11.7]), preeclampsia (OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.6, 13.2]) and threatened preterm labour (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.3, 11.4]). Primiparity was associated with both severe and moderate SGA with OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.1, 5.1] and OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.3, 2.9] respectively. Underweight pre‐pregnancy body mass index was associated with moderate SGA (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.2, 5.0]). Inclusion of placental weight, in the final model attenuated the associations.Conclusions:  This study demonstrated different determinants for severe and moderate SGA. We speculate that the majority of severe SGA infants are IUGR while moderate SGA infants may be a mixture of IUGR and constitutionally small newborns. This study has also contributed evidence linking preterm labour and SGA as two, potentially related, outcomes of overlapping causal mechanisms reflective of ischaemic placental disease.
Evidence for presence of the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of Phytophthora infestans in 19th century potato tubers from the Rothamsted archives
Authors: Ristaino J. B. , Hu C. H. , Fitt B. D. L. 
Published: August 2012

Late blight remained a significant disease for potato growers in Europe long after the famine of the 1840s. Of the four mitochondrial haplotypes of Phytophthora infestans, only the Ia mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype has been identified previously in infected potato leaves from famine‐era herbarium specimens collected in England, Ireland and Europe in the 19th century. Long‐term soil fertility experiments were conducted on potato between 1876 and 1901 in Rothamsted to investigate effects of combinations of organic manures and mineral fertilizers on disease and yield. This report identifies for the first time the same Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in three diseased tubers from 1877 from the long‐term Rothamsted trials, thus providing the earliest evidence of the presence of the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England. Soil amendments had a significant impact on disease and yield. A real‐time PCR assay was used to detect and quantify P. infestans in tubers. The level of pathogen DNA was greatest in tubers from highest yielding plots that received combinations of inorganic nitrogenous and mineral fertilizers and least in tubers from plots with organic farmyard manures or non‐nitrogenous mineral fertilizers. The Ia mtDNA haplotype was also confirmed from diseased potato leaves during the same time period. Thus, the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype survived in potato tubers after 1846 and was present over 30 years later in the UK.
Phage typing in dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans: does staphylococcal carrier status have a role?
Authors: Kaimal Sowmya , D’Souza Mariette , Sistla Sujatha , Parija Subhash C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans (DCPA) is a form of chronic folliculitis of the legs with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, seen primarily in tropical countries. Staphylococcus aureus has been isolated from the pustules in earlier studies, although the organisms isolated have not been further characterized.Materials and methods  Patients with DCPA, who attended the Dermatology outpatient clinic at JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, during the study period (December 2006–June 2008) were included. Pus from the lesions as well as swabs from carrier sites (nares, axillae, and gluteal fold) were cultured. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to phage typing at the National Staphylococcal Phage Typing Center, Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.Results  Thirty‐seven patients were included in the study. Pus from the folliculitic lesions grew S. aureus in 32 (86.49%) patients. Based on the comparison of antibiotic sensitivity patterns, isolates from pus and carrier sites were found to be similar in 15 patients. Phage typing established the organism to be identical in five of these patients.Conclusions  Characterization of S. aureus in DCPA shows that there is no specific phage type that is uniformly responsible for the lesions in most patients. However, in view of the unclear etiology of this condition, the pathogenicity of a staphylococcal carrier state in individual patients needs to be addressed.
Successful haploidentical PBSCT with subsequent T‐cell addbacks in a boy with HyperIgM syndrome presenting as severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Jasinska Aleksandra , Kalwak Krzysztof , Trelinska Joanna , Borowiec Maciej , Piatosa Barbara , Zeman Krzysztof , Mlynarski Wojciech 
Published: August 2012

Jasinska A, Kalwak K, Trelinska J, Borowiec M, Piatosa B, Zeman K, Mlynarski W. Successful haploidentical PBSCT with subsequent T‐cell addbacks in a boy with HyperIgM syndrome presenting as severe congenital neutropenia.Abstract:  HIGM syndrome is a group of primary immunodeficiency disorders characterized by recurrent bacterial and opportunistic infections; it is also associated with normal to elevated serum IgM levels and a concomitant deficiency of IgG, IgA, and IgE. In this report, we give account of a boy with X‐linked HIGM and a novel Y172C mutation within his CD40LG gene. He presented with severe neutropenia as the dominating symptom. His bone marrow showed maturation arrest at the promyelocyte/myelocyte stage, typical of congenital neutropenia. This boy suffered from life‐threatening infections and required high doses of rhG‐CSF, and a haploidentical PBSCT was also successfully performed, thus leading to reconstitution of CD40L expression on activated CD4+ T cells (as assessed with flow cytometry six months after the procedure). Two low‐dose T‐cell addbacks were required to re‐establish full donor chimerism and clear CMV reactivation. The report demonstrates that in select cases, alternative donor allogeneic HSCT supported by DLI may be effective in correcting the defect in X‐linked HIGM, and HSCT in HIGM children is not necessarily limited to matched sibling donor transplantation.