bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakfast: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Affinita Antonio , Catalani Loredana , Cecchetto Giovanna , De Lorenzo Gianfranco , Dilillo Dario , Donegani Giorgio , Fransos Lucia , Lucidi Fabio , Mameli Chiara , Manna Elisa , Marconi Paolo , Mele Giuseppe , Minestroni Laura , Montanari Massimo , Morcellini Mario , Rovera Giuseppe , Rotilio Giuseppe , Sachet Marco , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of breakfast as an essential part of an healthy diet has been only recently promoted even if breakfast practices were known since the Middle Age. The growing scientific evidences on this topic are extremely sector-based nevertheless breakfast could be regarded from different point of views and from different expertises. This approach, that take into account history, sociology, anthropology, medicine, psychology and pedagogy, is useful to better understand the value of this meal in our culture. The aim of this paper was to analyse breakfast-related issues based on a multidisciplinary approach with input by specialists from different fields of learning.DiscussionBreakfast is now recommended as part of a diet because it is associated with healthier macro- and micronutrient intakes, body mass index and lifestyle. Moreover recent studies showed that breakfast improves cognitive function, intuitive perception and academic performance. Research demonstrates the importance of providing breakfast not only to children but in adults and elderly too. Although the important role breakfast plays in maintaining the health, epidemiological data from industrialised countries reveal that many individuals either eat a nutritionally unhealthy breakfast or skip it completely.SummaryThe historical, bio-psychological and educational value of breakfast in our culture is extremely important and should be recognized and stressed by the scientific community. Efforts should be done to promote this practice for the individual health and well-being.
Beyond intracranial pressure: optimization of cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and substrate delivery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bouzat Pierre , Sala Nathalie , Payen Jean-François , Oddo Mauro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Monitoring and management of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is a standard of care after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the pathophysiology of so-called secondary brain injury, i.e., the cascade of potentially deleterious events that occur in the early phase following initial cerebral insult—after TBI, is complex, involving a subtle interplay between cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen delivery and utilization, and supply of main cerebral energy substrates (glucose) to the injured brain. Regulation of this interplay depends on the type of injury and may vary individually and over time. In this setting, patient management can be a challenging task, where standard ICP/CPP monitoring may become insufficient to prevent secondary brain injury. Growing clinical evidence demonstrates that so-called multimodal brain monitoring, including brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), cerebral microdialysis and transcranial Doppler among others, might help to optimize CBF and the delivery of oxygen/energy substrate at the bedside, thereby improving the management of secondary brain injury. Looking beyond ICP and CPP, and applying a multimodal therapeutic approach for the optimization of CBF, oxygen delivery, and brain energy supply may eventually improve overall care of patients with head injury. This review summarizes some of the important pathophysiological determinants of secondary cerebral damage after TBI and discusses novel approaches to optimize CBF and provide adequate oxygen and energy supply to the injured brain using multimodal brain monitoring.
Climate influences thermal balance and water use in African and Asian elephants: physiology can predict drivers of elephant distribution
Authors: Dunkin Robin C. , Wilson Dinah , Way Nicolas , Johnson Kari , Williams Terrie M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYElephant movement patterns in relation to surface water demonstrate that they are a water-dependent species. Thus, there has been interest in using surface water management to mitigate problems associated with localized elephant overabundance. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the elephant's water dependence remain unclear. Although thermoregulation is likely an important driver, the relationship between thermoregulation, water use and climate has not been quantified. We measured skin surface temperature of and cutaneous water loss from 13 elephants (seven African, 3768±642 kg; six Asian, 3834±498 kg) and determined the contribution of evaporative cooling to their thermal and water budgets across a range of air temperatures (8–33°C). We also measured respiratory evaporative water loss and resting metabolic heat production on a subset of elephants (N=7). The rate of cutaneous evaporative water loss ranged between 0.31 and 8.9 g min−1 m−2 for Asian elephants and 0.26 and 6.5 g min−1 m−2 for African elephants. Simulated thermal and water budgets using climate data from Port Elizabeth, South Africa, and Okaukuejo, Namibia, suggested that the 24-h evaporative cooling water debt incurred in warm climates can be more than 4.5 times that incurred in mesic climates. This study confirms elephants are obligate evaporative coolers but suggests that classification of elephants as water dependent is insufficient given the importance of climate in determining the magnitude of this dependence. These data highlight the potential for a physiological modeling approach to predicting the utility of surface water management for specific populations.
Aerobic scope measurements of fishes in an era of climate change: respirometry, relevance and recommendations
Authors: Clark Timothy D. , Sandblom Erik , Jutfelt Fredrik 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Measurements of aerobic scope [the difference between minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rate ( and , respectively)] are increasing in prevalence as a tool to address questions relating to fish ecology and the effects of climate change. However, there are underlying issues regarding the array of methods used to measure aerobic scope across studies and species. In an attempt to enhance quality control before the diversity of issues becomes too great to remedy, this paper outlines common techniques and pitfalls associated with measurements of , and aerobic scope across species and under different experimental conditions. Additionally, we provide a brief critique of the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, a concept that is intricately dependent on aerobic scope measurements and is spreading wildly throughout the literature despite little evidence for its general applicability. It is the intention of this paper to encourage transparency and accuracy in future studies that measure the aerobic metabolism of fishes, and to highlight the fundamental issues with assuming broad relevance of the OCLTT hypothesis.
Activation of the immune defence of the freshwater snailLymnaea stagnalisby different immune elicitors
Authors: Seppälä Otto , Leicht Katja 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYUnderstanding the outcomes of host–parasite interactions in nature is in high demand as parasites and pathogens are important for several ecological and evolutionary processes. Ecological immunology (ecoimmunology) has a key role in reaching this goal because immune defence is the main physiological barrier against infections. To date, ecoimmunological studies largely lean on measuring constitutive immune defences (components of defence that are always active). However, understanding the role of inducible components of immune function is important as the immune system is largely an inducible defence. Measuring such defences can be complicated as different parasites may activate different immune cascades, and expression of different immune traits may not be independent. We examined the suitability of different immune activation techniques for the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. By experimentally challenging snails with different immune elicitors [injection with snail saline (i.e. wounding), lyophilized Escherichia coli cells, lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells, healthy snail gonad, and trematode-infected snail gonad; maintenance in microorganism-enriched water] and measuring phenoloxidase-like and antibacterial activity of their haemolymph, we found increased immune activity against some immune elicitors, but also decreased activity. Our findings suggest potentially complicated relationships among immune traits, and propose suitable techniques for ecological studies in this study system.
X-ray motion analysis of the vertebral column during the startle response in striped bass,Morone saxatilis
Authors: Nowroozi B. N. , Brainerd E. L. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWhole-body stiffness has a substantial impact on propulsive wave speed during axial undulatory locomotion in fishes. The connective tissues of the vertebral column may contribute to body stiffness, but without mechanical and kinematic analysis it is unclear whether the in vivo range of motion of intervertebral joints (IVJs) is great enough to stress IVJ tissues, thus generating stiffness. The present study used 2D videoradiography and 3D X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to quantify vertebral kinematics during the startle response in striped bass (Morone saxatilis). X-ray video revealed two distinct patterns of bending: pattern I begins in the abdominal region and then proceeds to maximum IVJ angles in the caudal region, whereas pattern II begins in the cervical region and proceeds to maximum IVJ angles in the abdominal and then the caudal joints. In pattern II bends, the cervical joints exhibit a greater in vivo range of motion than previously reported in other species. XROMM analysis of caudal IVJs suggests primarily lateral bending: mean axial and dorsoventral rotations were less than 2 deg and inconsistent across 51 sequences analyzed from five individuals, whereas mean maximum lateral bending angles were 10.4±3.57 deg. These angles, combined with previous investigations of mechanical properties, reveal that the maximum angles all occur within the neutral zone of bending, indicating that little stress is experienced about the joint. This suggests that the IVJs of striped bass are quite compliant and likely do not contribute significantly to whole-body stiffness or elastic recoil during swimming in vivo.
Hydrophobic Surface Based on Microtexture of Ag Nanoparticle/POSS Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Qin Gang , Cheng Chung-Wei , Shen Wei-Chin , Chu Ching-I 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A new class of nanohybrids consisting of metal nanoparticles and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) showed the formation of a unique surface microtexture such as a fern-like fractal pattern. A silver macropore film was formed by heat treatment of silver nanoparticle (Ag nanoparticle) aggregates around the POSS crystal as a relief. A new method to fabricate a hydrophobic metal surface based on surface texturing was provided.
The first structure in a family of peptidase inhibitors reveals an unusual Ig-like fold
Authors: Rigden Daniel J , Xu Qingping , Chang Yuanyuan , Eberhardt Ruth Y , Finn Robert D , Rawlings Neil D 
Published: July 2013

We report the crystal structure solution of the Intracellular Protease Inhibitor (IPI) protein fromBacillus subtilis, which has been reported to be an inhibitor of the intracellular subtilisin Isp1 from the same organism. The structure of IPI is a variant of the all-beta, immunoglobulin (Ig) fold. It is possible that IPI is important for protein-protein interactions, of which inhibition of Isp1 is one. The intracellular nature of ISP is questioned, because an alternative ATG codon in theipigene would produce a protein with an N-terminal extension containing a signal peptide. It is possible that alternative initiation exists, producing either an intracellular inhibitor or a secreted form that may be associated with the cell surface. Homologues of the IPI protein from other species are multi-domain proteins, containing signal peptides and domains also associated with the bacterial cell-surface. The cysteine peptidase inhibitors chagasin and amoebiasin also have Ig-like folds, but their topology differs significantly from that of IPI, and they share no recent common ancestor. A model of IPI docked to Isp1 shows similarities to other subtilisin:inhibitor complexes, particularly where the inhibitor interacts with the peptidase active site.
Papiertechnologische Fragestellungen als Beschreibungskriterien für moderne künstlerische Druckgrafiken und Handzeichnungen
Authors: Neuheuser Hanns Peter 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung
In Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen ist eine große Zahl von Dokumenten mit intrinsischer Bedeutung vorhanden. Deshalb wurden diese Dokumente auch schon früher auf ausgewählten Papieren abgedruckt. Hierzu gehören bibliophile Editionen, literarische Texte, Musiknoten, kartographische Materialien, insbesondere aber auch künstlerische Handzeichnungen und gedruckte Grafiken. Neben den Inhalten dieser Dokumente können die handgeschöpften Papiere wichtige Hinweise auf die Provenienz geben, indem über den Herstellungsprozess auf Ort und Zeit geschlossen werden kann. Solche Informationen liegen zudem immer vor dem eigentlichen Beschreiben vor. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit papiertechnologischen Verfahren und der Papieranalyse speziell auf solche Dokumente bezogen. Weiterhin werden Verfahren zur standardisierten Beschreibung und Evaluierung dieser Informationen aufgezeigt.
Bibliotheken zwischen strukturellen Veränderungen, Kosten, Benchmarking und Wettbewerb
Authors: Dugall Berndt 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung
Bibliotheken stehen heute vor unterschiedlichen, aber überwiegend neuen Herausforderungen. Die Folgen einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung lassen tradierte Aufgaben und Arbeitsabläufe zunehmend obsolet werden. An ihre Stelle treten teilweise neue Anforderungen, die auch eine Hinwendung zu bisher ungewohnten Aufgaben bedeuten. Globalbudgets in den Hochschulen, verbesserte Controlling-Verfahren und wachsende Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen erzeugen weiteren Druck. Es kommt hinzu, dass auch Ranking-Verfahren mehr und mehr eingesetzt werden, um den zumindest relativen Stellenwert einer Einrichtung zu belegen. Nicht zuletzt stehen die Bibliotheken auch in einem zunehmenden Wettbewerb, sowohl untereinander als auch mit anderen Einrichtungen innerhalb und außerhalb von Hochschulen. Der Aufsatz versucht, die damit verbundenen Probleme und den Umgang mit ihnen aufzuzeigen.
Die digitale Wiederherstellung der „Aschebücher“
Authors: Heist Andrea , Schmidt Karin 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Seit 2009 werden restaurierte „Aschebücher“ digitalisiert und im
Dokumentenmanagementsystem (DMS) der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek (HAAB)
erschlossen. Durch den Brand wurde ein Teil der Bücher so stark geschädigt,
dass sie nicht mehr oder nur schwer identifiziert werden können, so dass die
Fachöffentlichkeit mit Methoden des Internets unterstützend einbezogen wird
und mittels eines interaktiven Moduls Hinweise zur Identifizierung geben
kann. Es werden technische Anpassungen des DMS und organisatorische
Zusammenhänge erläutert. Seit April 2012 konnten mit Hilfe zahlreicher
Hinweise bereits eine Reihe von Titeln identifiziert werden.
Das Restaurierungs- und Digitalisierungszentrum in Köln und „Das digitale
Historische Archiv Köln“
Authors: Berger Andreas 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Durch den Einsturz des Historischen Archivs der Stadt Köln am 3. März
2009 wurden die Archivalien beschädigt, in Teilen oder ganz zerstört und
stark verunordnet. Neben der Konservierung und Restaurierung steht die
Identifizierung und Ordnung des Archivguts im Fokus der Arbeiten. Die Ziele
sind dabei die Erhaltung und die Nutzbarmachung der Archivalien. Die
Identifizierung der Archivalien, bei denen es sich fast ausschließlich um
Unikate handelt, wird in drei aufeinander aufbauenden Phasen
geleistet.
Spectrum Policy and the Evolution of the Wireless Internet: Some Thoughts on Where Economists Agree and Disagree
Authors: Hahn Robert , Passell Peter 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This essay reviews public policies for spectrum use, distinguishing among them by whether economists agree on their value and why. Spectrum policy could have a large impact on the development of the Internet and the pace of technological change in the wireless industry. We conclude that economists agree on many aspects, but substantive disagreements remain on some important issues – notably on using spectrum policy as a tool for addressing potential sources of inefficiency in the wireless market.
Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds by reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with thiourea derivatives
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Abedini-Torghabeh Javad , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Keykha Amir 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Phosphorus ylides have been prepared in excellent yields by the three-component reaction of activated electron-deficient acetylenic esters (dimethyl and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate) and thiourea derivatives in the presence of triphenylphosphine. In some cases, these ylides were cyclized to dihydropyrimidothiazine, thioxoimidazolidine, and thioxotetrahydropyrimidine derivatives.
American juvenile justice system: history in the making
Authors: Meng Aaron , Segal Roland , Boden Eric 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The original theory behind separating juvenile offenders from adult offenders was to provide care and direction for youngsters instead of isolation and punishment. This idea took hold in the 19th century and became mainstream by the early 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, public concern grew because of a perceived lack of effectiveness and lack of rights. The Supreme Court made a series of rulings solidifying juvenile rights including the right to receive notice of charges, the right to have an attorney and the right to have charges proven beyond a reasonable doubt. In the 1980s, the public view was that the juvenile court system was too lenient and that juvenile crimes were on the rise. In the 1990s, many states passed punitive laws, including mandatory sentencing and blanket transfers to adult courts for certain crimes. As a result, the pendulum is now swinging back toward the middle from rehabilitation toward punishment.
Prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ruby Eugene , Sher Leo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is significantly associated with an increased risk for suicidal behavior among adolescents. Suicide is one of the top three causes of adolescent deaths worldwide. Despite the strong relationship between PTSD and suicidal behavior, precise causal pathways linking PTSD to suicide in adolescents remains unclear. A slew of mediating factors and variables commonly present themselves with both suicide and PTSD, including co-morbid psychiatric disorders, exposure to different forms of trauma and stressful life events, core neurobiological changes, and mental, emotional, and physiological states such as hyperarousal, impulsivity, and aggression. Because youth is such a critical stage of development, it is very important that at-risk adolescents are identified and referred for treatment. With many treatment challenges in these populations, effective implementation and use of prevention methods are of increasing importance. The most proven prevention methods include physician education, means restriction, and gatekeeper training. Other strategies that have received empirical support are public education campaigns and implementing guidelines for the media, including those for television, print media, and the Internet.
Self-esteem in adolescents with chronic physical illness vs. controls in Northern Russia
Authors: Zashikhina Anna , Hagglof Bruno 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:This work aims to study self-esteem in adolescents with diabetes, asthma and epilepsy; compare the results with those of the representative sample of healthy adolescents; and evaluate the predictive value of certain demographic, family-related, and disease-related factors on self-esteem.Methods:A total of 148 chronically ill adolescents and 301 matched healthy counterparts completed the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the “I think I am” questionnaire. Adolescents’ parents answered socio-economic status questions. Disease severity was evaluated by doctors of the outpatient clinic.Results:Comparison analysis of the three disease groups revealed highest self-esteem perception in adolescents with diabetes, and lowest in adolescents with epilepsy. Unexpectedly, adolescents with diabetes scored higher than their healthy counterparts. There were no significant differences between the reports of adolescents with asthma and controls. In the epilepsy group, self-esteem was predicted mostly by disease severity and socio-economic status in diabetes and asthma groups, as well as by age and gender.Conclusion:The maintenance of positive self-esteem in adolescents with diabetes and asthma is a very reassuring finding. The other results of our study provide support for recognizing adolescents with epilepsy as a vulnerable group in the society. A multidisciplinary professional approach targeted on adolescents with epilepsy is needed, with focus on factors connected with maturation and gender issues.
Laser acupuncture in treatment of childhood bronchial asthma
Authors: Elseify Magda Y. , Mohammed Nagwa Hassan , Alsharkawy Asmaa A. , Elseoudy Mai E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Laser acupuncture is widely used as an alternative treatment for chronic illnesses. Objective: to evaluate the effect of biostimulation by low-level power laser on the traditional Chinese acupuncture points for Egyptian asthmatic children. Method: Thirty asthmatic boys and 20 asthmatic girls 7–18 years (10.6±2.8) were randomly selected from the outpatient chest clinic of Ain Shams University, Children hospitals, and National Research Center outpatient Clinic of Acupuncture, from April 2009 to March 2010. Patients’ symptoms, medications, asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), and spirometric values were recorded before and 1 month after completion of 10 laser acupuncture sessions. Each patient received 10 laser sessions (3 sessions/week) on traditional Chinese acupoints. Results: Started with 36 patients suffering daytime and nocturnal symptoms, ended with two patients suffering nocturnal symptoms (p < 0.001). Also, 48 patients reported better exercise tolerance (p < 0.001). Forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow % increased from 81.8±25.2, 85.4±21.5, and 71.8±22.9 to 98.5±28.1, 104.3±26.2, and 84.3±24.1, respectively (p < 0.001). ACQ improved from 13.9±3.8 to 23.3±3.6 (p < 0.001), 92% of patients became well controlled. Inhaled steroids dose decreased from 200–450 to 0–200 μg/day and all patients stopped short acting B2 agonist (SABA) rescue (p < 0.01, 0.001). Conclusion: low-intensity laser acupuncture can be safe and effective treatment in asthmatic children.