bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO‐FG‐201‐01: High‐Impact Presentations
Authors: Weiker H. 
Published: June 2015

Oral presentations are one of the most important tools to advance education, scientific research, and clinical excellence in medical physics. Medical physicists do not often captivate their audiences like a Steve Jobs keynote or a TED talk, but every physicist can learn to engage their audiences and deliver their message in a memorable way using their own personality and style. This interactive session will teach attendees to discover their own style and voice and to use it to engage and connect with their audiences. Audience reception and response will be reviewed in terms of the speaker's executive presence and content, as well as research on the psychology of audiences and physiology of speakers. Physicists will learn how to organize and mentally prepare themselves as well as their PowerPoint slides.Learning Objectives:

Develop executive presence: poised under pressure to deliver a message in a relaxed, casual, and credible way
Connect with an audience by creating harmony between the content and the visual and audible elements of a presentation
Confidently deliver engaging presentations in the individual's voice and personality
Heidi Weiker and Tanya Weiker are co‐owners of Spherica LLC.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐T‐03: Data Driven Approaches for Determination of Treatment Table Tolerance Values for Record and Verification Systems
Authors: Gupta N , DiCostanzo D , Fullenkamp M 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To determine appropriate couch tolerance values for modern radiotherapy linac R&V systems with indexed patient setup.Methods:Treatment table tolerance values have been the most difficult to lower, due to many factors including variations in patient positioning and differences in table tops between machines. We recently installed nine linacs with similar tables and started indexing every patient in our clinic. In this study we queried our R&V database and analyzed the deviation of couch position values from the acquired values at verification simulation for all patients treated with indexed positioning. Mean and standard deviations of daily setup deviations were computed in the longitudinal, lateral and vertical direction for 343 patient plans. The mean, median and standard error of the standard deviations across the whole patient population and for some disease sites were computed to determine tolerance values.Results:The plot of our couch deviation values showed a gaussian distribution, with some small deviations, corresponding to setup uncertainties on non‐imaging days, and SRS/SRT/SBRT patients, as well as some large deviations which were spot checked and found to be corresponding to indexing errors that were overriden. Setting our tolerance values based on the median + 1 standard error resulted in tolerance values of 1cm lateral and longitudinal, and 0.5 cm vertical for all non‐ SRS/SRT/SBRT cases. Re‐analizing the data, we found that about 92% of the treated fractions would be within these tolerance values (ignoring the mis‐indexed patients). We also analyzed data for disease site based subpopulations and found no difference in the tolerance values that needed to be used.Conclusion:With the use of automation, auto‐setup and other workflow efficiency tools being introduced into radiotherapy workflow, it is very essential to set table tolerances that allow safe treatments, but flag setup errors that need to be reassessed before treatments.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐T‐05: SQL Database Queries to Determine Treatment Planning Resource Usage
Authors: Fox C , Gladstone D 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:A radiation oncology clinic's treatment capacity is traditionally thought to be limited by the number of machines in the clinic. As the number of fractions per course decrease and the number of adaptive plans increase, the question of how many treatment plans a clinic can plan becomes increasingly important. This work seeks to lay the ground work for assessing treatment planning resource usage.Methods:Care path templates were created using the Aria 11 care path interface. Care path tasks included key steps in the treatment planning process from the completion of CT simulation through the first radiation treatment. SQL Server Management Studio was used to run SQL queries to extract task completion time stamps along with care path template information and diagnosis codes from the Aria database. 6 months of planning cycles were evaluated. Elapsed time was evaluated in terms of work hours within Monday – Friday, 7am to 5pm.Results:For the 195 validated treatment planning cycles, the average time for planning and MD review was 22.8 hours. Of those cases 33 were categorized as urgent. The average planning time for urgent plans was 5 hours. A strong correlation between diagnosis code and range of elapsed planning time was as well as between elapsed time and select diagnosis codes was observed. It was also observed that tasks were more likely to be completed on the date due than the time that they were due. Follow‐up confirmed that most users did not look at the due time.Conclusion:Evaluation of elapsed planning time and other tasks suggest that care paths should be adjusted to allow for different contouring and planning times for certain diagnosis codes and urgent cases. Additional clinic training around task due times vs dates or a structuring of care paths around due dates is also needed.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐J‐01: Effect of Iodine Contrast Agent Concentration On Cerebrovascular Dose for Synchrotron Radiation Microangiography Based On a Simple Mouse Head Model and a Voxel Mouse Head Phantom
Authors: Lin H , Jing J , Lu Y , Xie C 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To find effective setting methods to mitigate the irradiation injure in synchrotron radiation microangiography(SRA) by Monte Carlo simulation.Methods:A mouse 1‐D head model and a segmented voxel mouse head phantom were simulated by EGSnrc/Dosxyznrc code to investigate the dose enhancement effect of the iodine contrast agent irradiated by a monochromatic synchrotron radiation(SR) source. The influence of, like iodine concentration (IC), vessel width and depth, with and without skull layer protection and the various incident X ray energies, were simulated. The dose enhancement effect and the absolute dose based on the segmented voxel mouse head phantom were evaluated.Results:The dose enhancement ratio depends little on the irradiation depth, but strongly on the IC, which is linearly increases with IC. The skull layer protection cannot be ignored in SRA, the 700µm thick skull could decrease 10% of the dose. The incident X‐ray energy can significantly affact the dose. E.g. compared to the dose of 33.2keV for 50mgI/ml, the 32.7keV dose decreases 38%, whereas the dose of 33.7 keV increases 69.2%, and the variation will strengthen more with enhanced IC. The segmented voxel mouse head phantom also showed that the average dose enhancement effect and the maximal voxel dose per photon depends little on the iodine voxel volume ratio, but strongly on IC.Conclusion:To decrease dose damage in SRA, the high‐Z contrast agent should be used as little as possible, and try to avoid radiating locally the injected position immediately after the contrast agent injection. The fragile vessel containing iodine should avoid closely irradiating. Avoiding irradiating through the no or thin skull region, or appending thin equivalent material from outside to protect is also a better method. As long as SRA image quality is ensured, using incident X‐ray energy as low as possible.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐J‐02: Human Implanted Micro Bio Chip for Real‐Time Atrial Fibrillation Monitoring with Wireless Power Transmission
Authors: Lee J 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:There are numerous medical problems whose treatment requires the constant monitoring of vital signs from several body organs. In this study, a micro‐sized implantable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor for personal heart disease monitoring was developed, as such devices generally provide a high diagnostic yield.Methods:An op‐amp amplifies an input electrical potential to the level desired by the user and produces an output potential augmented to this intended level. For this study an instrumentation amplifier was fabricated using op‐amps and configured to amplify micro‐fine ECG signals by a factor of about 100 using a band‐pass filter (BPF). The proposed ECG sensor has a current consumption of about 11 mA and a noise generation inversely proportional to the length of the wireless communication antenna inside the sensor. The packaging materials selected must be biocompatible to avoid causing inflammation or necrosis of human tissues. In addition, a near‐field wireless power transmission system and the medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) was used as a communications and power protocol. MICS operates in the frequency range of 402–405 MHz and is normally used for communication between body‐worn monitoring systems and implants.Results:A pig was used as a sensor‐implanted animal model because the animal's physiological characteristics are similar to those of humans. An incision was made between the left 5th–7th ribs and separated using blunt dissection to a depth of 4 mm under the skin. From the experiments, we successfully monitor the ECG with wireless communication and wireless power transmission.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the use of a quasi‐permanentECG employing a double loop coil‐shaped magnetic resonance‐type wireless power transmission system sensor eliminates the need for surgical replacement.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐I‐02: Accuracy in Converting the Average Breast Dose Into the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) Using the F‐Factor in Cone Beam Breast CT‐ a Monte Carlo Study Using Homogeneous and Quasi‐Homogeneous Phantoms
Authors: Lai C , Zhong Y , Wang T , Shaw C 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To investigate the accuracy in estimating the mean glandular dose (MGD) for homogeneous breast phantoms by converting from the average breast dose using the F‐factor in cone beam breast CT.Methods:EGSnrc‐based Monte Carlo codes were used to estimate the MGDs. 13‐cm in diameter, 10‐cm high hemi‐ellipsoids were used to simulate pendant‐geometry breasts. Two different types of hemi‐ellipsoidal models were employed: voxels in quasi‐homogeneous phantoms were designed as either adipose or glandular tissue while voxels in homogeneous phantoms were designed as the mixture of adipose and glandular tissues. Breast compositions of 25% and 50% volume glandular fractions (VGFs), defined as the ratio of glandular tissue voxels to entire breast voxels in the quasi‐homogeneous phantoms, were studied. These VGFs were converted into glandular fractions by weight and used to construct the corresponding homogeneous phantoms. 80 kVp x‐rays with a mean energy of 47 keV was used in the simulation. A total of 109 photons were used to image the phantoms and the energies deposited in the phantom voxels were tallied. Breast doses in homogeneous phantoms were averaged over all voxels and then used to calculate the MGDs using the F‐factors evaluated at the mean energy of the x‐rays. The MGDs for quasi‐homogeneous phantoms were computed directly by averaging the doses over all glandular tissue voxels. The MGDs estimated for the two types of phantoms were normalized to the free‐in‐air dose at the iso‐center and compared.Results:The normalized MGDs were 0.756 and 0.732 mGy/mGy for the 25% and 50% VGF homogeneous breasts and 0.761 and 0.733 mGy/mGy for the corresponding quasi‐homogeneous breasts, respectively. The MGDs estimated for the two types of phantoms were similar within 1% in this study.Conclusion:MGDs for homogeneous breast models may be adequately estimated by converting from the average breast dose using the F‐factor.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐J‐02: Commissioning of Radiofrequency Tracking for Gated SBRT of the Liver Using Novel Motion System
Authors: James J , Cetnar A , Nguyen V , Wang B 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:Tracking soft tissue targets has recently been approved as a new application of the Calypso radiofrequency tracking system allowing for gated treatment of the liver based on the motion of the target volume itself. As part of the commissioning process, an end‐to‐end test was performed using a 3D diode array and 6D motion platform to verify the dosimetric accuracy and establish the workflow of gated SBRT treatment of the liver using Calypso.Methods:A 4DCT scan of the ScandiDos Delta4 phantom was acquired using the HexaMotion motion platform to simulate realistic breathing motion. A VMAT plan was optimized on the end of inspiration phase of the 4DCT scan and delivered to the Delta4 phantom using the Varian TrueBeam. The treatment beam was gated by Calypso to deliver dose at the end of inspiration. The expected dose was compared to the delivered dose using gamma analysis. In addition, gating limits were investigated to determine how large the gating range can be while still maintaining dosimetric accuracy.Results:The 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm gamma pass rate for the gated treatment delivery was 100% and 98.4%, respectively. When increasing the gating limits beyond the known extent of planned motion from the 4DCT, the gamma pass rates decreased as expected. The 3%/3mm gamma pass rate for a 1, 2, and 3mm increase in gating limits were measured to be 96.0%, 92.7%, and 78.8%, respectively.Conclusion:Radiofrequency tracking was shown to be an effective way to provide gated SBRT treatment of the liver. Baseline gating limits should be determined by measuring the extent of target motion during the respiratory phases used for planning. We recommend adding 1mm to the baseline limits to provide the proper balance between treatment efficiency and dosimetric accuracy.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐J‐03: Development of a Human Brain PET for On‐Line Proton Beam‐Range Verification
Authors: Shao Yiping 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To develop a prototype PET for verifying proton beam‐range before each fractionated therapy that will enable on‐line re‐planning proton therapy.Methods:Latest “edge‐less” silicon photomultiplier arrays and customized ASIC readout electronics were used to develop PET detectors with depth‐of‐interaction (DOI) measurement capability. Each detector consists of one LYSO array with each end coupled to a SiPM array. Multiple detectors can be seamlessly tiled together to form a large detector panel. Detectors with 1.5×1.5 and 2.0×2.0 mm crystals at 20 or 30 mm lengths were studied. Readout of individual SiPM or signal multiplexing was used to transfer 3D interaction position‐coded analog signals through flexible‐print‐circuit cables or PCB board to dedicated ASIC front‐end electronics to output digital timing pulses that encode interaction information. These digital pulses can be transferred to, through standard LVDS cables, and decoded by a FPGA‐based data acquisition of coincidence events and data transfer. The modular detector and scalable electronics/data acquisition will enable flexible PET system configuration for different imaging geometry.Results:Initial detector performance measurement shows excellent crystal identification even with 30 mm long crystals, ∼18% and 2.8 ns energy and timing resolutions, and around 2–3 mm DOI resolution. A small prototype PET scanner with one detector ring has been built and evaluated, validating the technology and design. A large size detector panel has been fabricated by scaling up from modular detectors. Different designs of resistor and capacitor based signal multiplexing boards were tested and selected based on optimal crystal identification and timing performance. Stackable readout electronics boards and FPGA‐based data acquisition boards were developed and tested. A brain PET is under construction.Conclusion:Technology of large‐size DOI detector based on SiPM array and advanced readout has been developed. PET imaging performance and initial phantom studies of on‐line proton beam‐range measurement will be conducted and reported.NIH grant R21CA187717; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas grant RP120326
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐I‐01: A System for Automatically Calculating Organ and Effective Dose for Fluoroscopically‐Guided Procedures
Authors: Xiong Z , Vijayan S , Rana V , Rudin S , Bednarek D 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:A system was developed that automatically calculates the organ and effective dose for individual fluoroscopically‐guided procedures using a log of the clinical exposure parameters.Methods:We have previously developed a dose tracking system (DTS) to provide a real‐time color‐coded 3D‐ mapping of skin dose. This software produces a log file of all geometry and exposure parameters for every x‐ray pulse during a procedure. The data in the log files is input into PCXMC, a Monte Carlo program that calculates organ and effective dose for projections and exposure parameters set by the user. We developed a MATLAB program to read data from the log files produced by the DTS and to automatically generate the definition files in the format used by PCXMC. The processing is done at the end of a procedure after all exposures are completed. Since there are thousands of exposure pulses with various parameters for fluoroscopy, DA and DSA and at various projections, the data for exposures with similar parameters is grouped prior to entry into PCXMC to reduce the number of Monte Carlo calculations that need to be performed.Results:The software developed automatically transfers data from the DTS log file to PCXMC and runs the program for each grouping of exposure pulses. When the dose from all exposure events are calculated, the doses for each organ and all effective doses are summed to obtain procedure totals. For a complicated interventional procedure, the calculations can be completed on a PC without manual intervention in less than 30 minutes depending on the level of data grouping.Conclusion:This system allows organ dose to be calculated for individual procedures for every patient without tedious calculations or data entry so that estimates of stochastic risk can be obtained in addition to the deterministic risk estimate provided by the DTS.Partial support from NIH grant R01EB002873 and Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐I‐04: Patient Eye‐Lens Dose Reduction in Routine Brain CT Examinations Using Organ‐Based Tube Current Modulation and In‐Plane Bismuth Shielding
Authors: Tsai Hui‐Yu , Liao Ying‐Lan , Lai Nan‐Ku , Chen Jun‐Rong , Chen Tou‐Rong 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to assess eye‐lens dose for patients who underwent brain CT examinations using two dose reductionMethods:organ‐based tube current modulation (OBTCM) and in‐plane bismuth shielding method.Methods:This study received institutional review board approval; written informed consent to participate was obtained from all patients. Ninety patients who underwent the routine brain CT examination were randomly assigned to three groups, ie. routine, OBTCM, and bismuth shield. The OBTCM technique reduced the tube current when the X‐ray tube rotates in front of patients’ eye‐lens region. The patients in the bismuth shield group were covered one‐ply bismuth shield in the eyes’ region. Eye‐lens doses were measured using TLD‐100H chips and the total effective doses were calculated using CT‐Expo according to the CT scanning parameters. The surface doses for patients at off‐center positions were assessed to evaluate the off‐centering effect.Results:Phantom measurements indicates that OBTCM technique could reduced by 26% to 28% of the surface dose to the eye lens, and increased by 25% of the surface dose at the opposed incident direction at the angle of 180°. Patients’ eye‐lens doses were reduced 16.9% and 30.5% dose of bismuth shield scan and OBTCM scan, respectively compared to the routine scan. The eye‐lens doses were apparently increased when the table position was lower than isocenter.Conclusion:Reducing the dose to the radiosensitive organs, such as eye lens, during routine brain CT examinations could lower the radiation risks. The OBTCM technique and in‐plane bismuth shielding could be used to reduce the eye‐lens dose. The eye‐lens dose could be effectively reduced using OBTCM scan without interfering the diagnostic image quality. Patient position relative the CT gantry also affects the dose level of the eye lens.This study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST103‐2314‐B‐182‐009‐MY2), and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPD1C0682).
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐I‐05: Radiation Dosimetry of 99mTc‐IDA‐D‐[c(RGDfK)]2, a SPECT Agent for Angiogenesis Imaging
Authors: Kim J 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:Tc‐99m labeled IDA‐D‐[c(RGDfK)2 ( 99mTc‐RGD) is a recently developed radiotracer for gamma camera or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and promising agent for the visualization of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the internal radiation dosimetry of 99mTc‐RGD in humans.Methods:Six normal controls (F:M=4:2; 68.3±3.2 years; 56.5±10.7 kg) were participated in this study. Simultaneous anterior and posterior scans of whole‐body were performed using dual head gamma camera system. Before the emission scan, transmission scan was performed just before injection of 99mTc‐RGD using Co‐57 flood source. After an intravenous injection of 388.7±29.3 MBq of 99mTc‐RGD, six serial emission scans were performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours post‐injection. The anterior and posterior images were geometrically averaged and attenuation correction was applied using transmission scan image. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on liver, gallbladder, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, brain, and large intestine. Time activity curves were obtained from serial emission scan and ROIs. The number of disintegrations per unit activity administered (residence time) were calculated from the area under the curve of time activity curves and injected dose of each patient. Finally, the radiation dose for each organ and effective doses were obtained using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software and residence time.Results:High radiation doses were reported on renal and biliary excretion tracks such as urinary bladder wall, upper large intestine, kidneys, liver and gallbladder wall and their doses were 19.15±6.84, 19.28±4.78, 15.67±0.90, 9.13±1.71 and 9.09±2.03 µGy/MBq, respectively. The effective dose and effective dose equivalent were 5.08±0.53 and 7.11±0.58 µSv/MBq, respectively.Conclusion:We evaluated the radiation dose of 99mTc‐RGD, which has an acceptable effective radiation dose compare to the other Tc‐99m labeled radio‐tracers.