bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Existence of Tricyanomethane
Authors: Soltner Theresa , Häusler Jonas , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCalcium tricyanomethanide reacts with hydrogen fluoride under formation of tricyanomethane and Ca(HF2)2. Tricyanomethane is stable below −40 °C and was characterized by IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra were compared to the quantum‐chemical frequencies at the PBE1PBE/6‐311G(3df,3dp) level of theory and confirm the predicted C3v symmetry of the molecule with regular CH (109.8 pm), CC (146.7 pm), and CN (114.7 pm) bonds.
Activation pretreatment of low‐grade Ti‐slag by alkali roasting: anticaking technique and kinetics of decomposition
Authors: Meng Fancheng , Wang Dong , Xue Tianyan , Wang Weijing , Liu Yahui , Qi Tao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe caking of roasting products is a serious problem in the activation pretreatment of low‐grade Ti‐slag by alkali roasting, which could lead to low heat transfer efficiency and low Ti conversion. In this study, an efficient anticaking technique was developed. This technique involved low‐grade Ti‐slag desilication and anticaking additive introduction. Optimum Ti conversion conditions in alkali roasting with KMnO4 as an anticaking additive were obtained through an orthogonal test. Approximately 99% of titanium in the low‐grade Ti‐slag could be decomposed at a loosening extent of roasting products of >90% in the presence of 4 wt% KMnO4 as an anticaking additive. Kinetic study showed that an unreacted shrinking core model could be used to describe the decomposition of low‐grade Ti‐slag in alkali roasting with KMnO4 as an anticaking additive. Decomposition kinetics were characterized in two sequential stages: decomposition occurred relatively fast in the initial stage and became slower in the second stage. A mechanism of two‐stage decomposition was proposed, i.e., the reaction rate was controlled by a chemical reaction initially and then was controlled by inner/ash layer diffusion. Apparent activation energies were 53.6 kJ/mol in the first stage and 65.9 kJ/mol in the second stage, respectively. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transesterification of Triolein over Hydrophobic Microporous Carbon with SO3H Groups
Authors: Fukuhara Kiichi , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Kitano Masaaki , Hayashi Shigenobu , Hara Michikazu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSO3H‐bearing microporous amorphous carbon with a large BET surface area (≈2000 m2 g−1) and a high density of SO3H groups (0.5 mmol g−1) was investigated as a solid acid catalyst for the transesterification of triolein and esterification of oleic acid with methanol. The separable and reusable carbon catalyst exhibits higher catalytic performance for both reactions than conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts, including sulfuric acid, at 353 K. This carbon catalyst can provide methyl oleate yields over 99 %, even in a triolein–oleic acid mixture that resembles a crude vegetable oil, owing to efficient transesterification and esterification reactions. The carbon material is sufficiently hydrophobic to be distributed throughout the hydrophobic triolein phase, resulting in high catalytic performance for both reactions.
Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Nanoporous Graphene/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shinde Sambhaji S. , Sami Abdul , Lee Jung‐Ho 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the key steps in clean and efficient energy conversion techniques; however, the mass production of current HER devices is hampered by several shortcomings, which include kinetically sluggish processes, stability, and the use of expensive catalysts. In this work we report the facile synthesis of metal‐free hybrids by integrating graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐doped nanoporous graphene sheets. A phosphorus‐doped metal‐free hybrid electrocatalyst (g‐C3N4@P‐pGr) displayed excellent HER performance with an overpotential of −0.34 V, high exchange current density of 3.33×10−6 A cm−2, onset potential of 0.076 V, Tafel slope of 90 mV dec−1, Gibbs free energy of −0.16 eV, and long‐term durability comparable to that of well‐developed metal catalysts. Tafel slope analysis suggests that the Volmer–Tafel mechanism is the most favorable HER kinetics for these metal‐free hybrids. The extraordinary HER performance stems from a strong synergistic effect between the highly exposed active sites generated by the introduction of in‐plane pores into graphene and the coupling of g‐C3N4.
Ergebnisse einer Befragung zum Umgang mit Porenbetonabfällen aus dem Abbruch von Gebäuden
Authors: Stier Christian , Forberger Jens 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDie Menge recycelten Hochbauschutts stieg in den letzten Jahren immer weiter an. Dennoch gibt es nach wie vor Baustoffe, die bislang nicht als Sekundärbaustoffe oder in neuen Produkten eingesetzt werden. Dazu zählt auch Bauschutt aus Porenbeton. Der Beitrag gibt den Erkenntnisstand zum Recycling von Porenbeton wieder und erläutert Ergebnisse einer Befragung bei deutschen Abbruchunternehmen zu deren Umgang mit Porenbetonabfällen.
Changing the Action of Iron from Stoichiometric to Electrocatalytic in the Hydrogenation of Ketones in Aqueous Acidic Media
Authors: Gottardo Marina , Easton Max , Fabos Viktoria , Guo Si‐Xuan , Zhang Jie , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio , Bond Alan M. , Masters Anthony. F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclohexanone, a model compound chosen to conveniently represent small oxygenates present in the aqueous phase of biomass hydrothermal upgrading streams, was hydrogenated in the presence of electrodeposited iron(0) using aqueous formic or sulfuric acid as a hydrogen donor. Under these conditions, zero‐valent iron is consumed stoichiometrically and serves as both a formic acid decomposition site and a hydrogen transfer agent. However, the resulting iron(II) can be used to continuously regenerate iron(0) when a potential is applied to the glassy carbon working electrode. Controlled potential electrolysis experiments show a 17 % conversion of cyclohexanone (over 1000 seconds) to cyclohexanol with >80 % efficiency of iron deposition from an iron(II) sulfate solution containing formic or sulfuric acid. In the absence of electrodeposited iron, formation of cyclohexanol could not be detected.
Aging in personal and social immunity: do immune traits senesce at the same rate?
Authors: Reavey Catherine E. , Warnock Neil D. , Garbett Amy P. , Cotter Sheena C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryHow much should an individual invest in immunity as it grows older? Immunity is costly and its value is likely to change across an organism's lifespan. A limited number of studies have focused on how personal immune investment changes with age in insects, but we do not know how social immunity, immune responses that protect kin, changes across lifespan, or how resources are divided between these two arms of the immune response. In this study, both personal and social immune functions are considered in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. We show that personal immune function declines (phenoloxidase levels) or is maintained (defensin expression) across lifespan in nonbreeding beetles but is maintained (phenoloxidase levels) or even upregulated (defensin expression) in breeding individuals. In contrast, social immunity increases in breeding burying beetles up to middle age, before decreasing in old age. Social immunity is not affected by a wounding challenge across lifespan, whereas personal immunity, through PO, is upregulated following wounding to a similar extent across lifespan. Personal immune function may be prioritized in younger individuals in order to ensure survival until reproductive maturity. If not breeding, this may then drop off in later life as state declines. As burying beetles are ephemeral breeders, breeding opportunities in later life may be rare. When allowed to breed, beetles may therefore invest heavily in “staying alive” in order to complete what could potentially be their final reproductive opportunity. As parental care is important for the survival and growth of offspring in this genus, staying alive to provide care behaviors will clearly have fitness payoffs. This study shows that all immune traits do not senesce at the same rate. In fact, the patterns observed depend upon the immune traits measured and the breeding status of the individual.
Governance, Environmental And Economic Factors: An international analysis
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Fernández‐Gómez María José 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is first to establish whether any relationships exist between countries' environmental performance, governance and socioeconomic characteristics and whether it is possible to classify countries according to these relationships. To achieve these objectives we used the 10 policy categories of the 2012 EPI and some external characteristics – control of corruption, rule of law, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, voice and accountability, political stability, population, population density and GDP per capita – since they have been previously used in the literature and demonstrated to be related to the EPI. We confront the problem from a multivariate perspective, using co‐inertia analysis (COIA), a multivariate statistical method that allows us to directly relate both sets of variables measured in the same countries. The main results from the empirical analysis show that governance indicators and per capita GDP are strongly and directly related to the EPI policy categories concerning environmental effects on human beings, forestry and biodiversity and habitat, and that most European countries and North America present high scores in all of these variables. In contrast, these governance indicators are inversely related to agriculture, climate change, fisheries and the effects that air pollution has on nature, and the majority of countries in Africa, South America and Asia perform better in these political categories but with lower governance rates. The effect of water on nature and political stability covariate positively and both relate negatively to the social variables. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers Surface‐Loaded with Ag Nanoparticles as a Sensitizer and Their Enhanced Effect in Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Lei , Wei Yuan , Zhang Mingyue , Jiang Haifeng , Li Jianing , Li Shu , Li Junfeng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, Ag–TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by a simple electrospinning and photoreduction method. A mechanism for the synthesis of the Ag–TiO2 nanofibers was proposed on the basis of XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) results. The photocatalytic activities of the nanofibers were characterized for the degradation of aqueous solutions of methyl orange (MO) and hydrogen evolution from water with methyl alcohol as a sacrificial reagent under the simulated sunlight irradiation. The results indicate that the Ag‐modified TiO2 nanofibers are efficient and stable photocatalysts for dye degradation and hydrogen evolution. Compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers, the Ag–TiO2 composite nanofibers have higher photocatalytic activities, and the best load of Ag was 5 mol‐%. The Ag nanoparticles serve as charge‐transfer sites and broaden the spectral absorption band of the catalyst.
Lack of Potential Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Simvastatin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Georgy Angela , Zhai Suoping , Liang Zhenming , Boldrin Mark , Zhi Jianguo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD, glucose‐lowering effect) interaction between simvastatin and piragliatin, both CYP3A substrates, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in this open‐label, randomized, 6‐sequence, 3‐way crossover (William's design) study. During 3 periods, patients were randomized to receive a single dose of 80 mg simvastatin alone, a single dose of 100 mg piragliatin alone, as well as single doses of 80 mg simvastatin and 100 mg piragliatin together. Primary PK and PD parameters were AUCs on dosing days. The ratio of geometric means (90% confidence intervals) of the AUCinf of piragliatin coadministered with simvastatin compared with piragliatin alone was 0.98 (0.92–1.05), whereas that of the AUCinf of simvastatin acid (active metabolite) coadministered with piragliatin compared with simvastatin alone, was 1.02 (0.90–1.16), suggesting lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between piragliatin and simvastatin. Piragliatin's glucose‐lowering effect was not affected by coadministration of simvastatin. Overall, administration of piragliatin with simvastatin was without additional clinically relevant adverse effects as well as abnormality in laboratory tests, vital signs, and electrocardiogram parameters. Concomitant administration of simvastatin and piragliatin, both CYP3A substrates, has no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of either piragliatin or simvastatin or on the pharmacodynamics for piragliatin.
Performance of processes of care and outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Wawrzyniak Andrew , Sfeir Maroun , Smith Laura , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDStaphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized adults.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to identify current practice patterns in the management of SAB, and to evaluate their association with clinical outcomes.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGA 1558‐bed tertiary care teaching hospital.PATIENTSAdult patients hospitalized between January 1, 2012 through April 30, 2013, who had at least 1 positive blood culture with S aureus.INTERVENTIONNoneMEASUREMENTSElectronic medical records were reviewed and the processes of care in the management of SAB were identified. The main outcome was clinical failure, defined as a composite endpoint of in‐hospital mortality and persistent bacteremia.RESULTSTwo hundred fifty episodes of SAB occurred in 241 patients, and 78 (32.4%) had clinical failure. Processes of care that impacted the risk of clinical failure included: timing of follow‐up blood cultures (delays of >4 days had a relative risk [RR] of 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–20.5; P = 0.001), consultation with infectious diseases specialist within 6 days from diagnosis of SAB (RR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1−0.9; P = 0.03), and use of β‐lactams in patients with methicillin‐susceptible S aureus bacteremia (RR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.04−0.5; P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThe processes of care identified in our study could serve as quality and patient safety indicators for the management of SAB. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:27–32. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors
Authors: Eldor Liat , Harpaz Itzhak 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEmployee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sample of 625 employees and their supervisors in various occupations and organizations throughout Israel, we investigated employee engagement as a key mechanism for explaining the relationship between perceptions of the organization's learning climate and employees' proactivity, knowledge sharing, creativity, and adaptivity. We also tested whether employee engagement explained the relationship more thoroughly than similar concepts such as job satisfaction and job involvement. Multilevel regression analyses supported our hypotheses that employee engagement mediates the relationship between the perceived learning climate and these extra‐role behaviors. Moreover, engagement provides a more thorough explanation than job satisfaction or job involvement for these relationships. The implications for organizational theory, research, and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acid‐sensing ion channel 3 or P2X2/3 is involved in the pain‐like behavior under a high bone turnover state in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Kanaya Kumiko , Iba Kousuke , Abe Yasuhisa , Dohke Takayuki , Okazaki Shunichiro , Matsumura Tadaki , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe have recently demonstrated that pathological changes leading to increased bone resorption by osteoclast activation are related to the induction of pain‐like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In addition, bisphosphonate and the antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), an acid‐sensing nociceptor, improved the threshold value of pain‐like behaviors accompanying an improvement in the acidic environment in the bone tissue based on osteoclast inactivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of (i) an inhibitor of vacuolar H+‐ATPase, known as an proton pump, (ii) an antagonist of acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC) 3, as another acid‐sensing nociceptor, and (iii) the P2X2/3 receptor, as an ATP‐ligand nociceptor, on pain‐like behavior in OVX mice. This inhibitor and antagonists were found to improve the threshold value of pain‐like behavior in OVX mice. These results indicated that the skeletal pain accompanying osteoporosis is possibly associated with the acidic microenvironment and increased ATP level caused by osteoclast activation under a high bone turnover state. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:566–573, 2016.
Synoptic operative reports enhance documentation of best practices for rectal cancer
Authors: Maniar Reagan L. , Sytnik Peter , Wirtzfeld Debrah A. , Hochman David J. , McKay Andrew M. , Yip Benson , Hebbard Pamela C. , Park Jason 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundImplementation of best practices surgical checklists improves patient safety and outcomes. However, documenting performance of these practices can be challenging. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons developed a Best Practices for Rectal Cancer Checklist (RCC) to standardize and improve the quality of rectal cancer surgery. This study compared the degree to which synoptic (SR) and narrative (NR) operative reports document RCC items.MethodsTwo reviewers independently reviewed a cohort of prospectively collected SR for rectal cancer surgery and a case‐matched historical cohort of NR. Reports were reviewed for documentation of performance of operative items on the RCC. Abstraction time and inter‐rater agreement were also measured.ResultsSR scored significantly higher than NR on the overall checklist score (mean adjusted score ± standard deviation 12.4 ± 0.9 vs. 5.7 ± 1.9, maximum possible score 18, P < 0.001). Reviewers abstracted data significantly faster from SR. Inter‐rater agreement between reviewers was high for both types of reports.ConclusionsSR were associated with reliable and more complete and reliable documentation of items on the RCC. Use of an SR system standardizes operative reporting, providing the opportunity to enhance checklist compliance, and enable timely feedback to improve surgical outcomes for rectal cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:555–560. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlated spectroscopic imaging of calf muscle in three spatial dimensions using group sparse reconstruction of undersampled single and multichannel data
Authors: Wilson Neil E. , Burns Brian L. , Iqbal Zohaib , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo implement a 5D (three spatial + two spectral) correlated spectroscopic imaging sequence for application to human calf.Theory and MethodsNonuniform sampling was applied across the two phase encoded dimensions and the indirect spectral dimension of an echo planar‐correlated spectroscopic imaging sequence. Reconstruction was applied that minimized the group sparse mixed
‐norm of the data. Multichannel data were compressed using a sensitivity map‐based approach with a spatially dependent transform matrix and utilized the self‐sparsity of the individual coil images to simplify the reconstruction.ResultsSingle channel data with 8× and 16× undersampling are shown in the calf of a diabetic patient. A 15‐channel scan with 12× undersampling of a healthy volunteer was reconstructed using 5 virtual channels and compared to a fully sampled single slice scan. Group sparse reconstruction faithfully reconstructs the lipid cross peaks much better than
minimization.ConclusionCOSY spectra can be acquired over a 3D spatial volume with scan time under 15 min using echo planar readout with highly undersampled data and group sparse reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 74:1199–1208, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metaproteomic analysis adds a functional glimpse into host–microbe succession in an infant's GI
Authors: Elias Joshua E. 
Published: September 2015

Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology, describing the process by which pioneering species colonize a new environmental niche, paving the way for increasingly complex, yet stable ecosystems. The human gut—among the most complex ecosystems known—develops from a nearly sterile state as newborns to a thriving functional network of trillions of organisms living in concert with the host. Recent microbiome analyses have begun to characterize the identities of the microbes during this period of colonization. However, the biochemical processes that govern the stages of interorganism succession remains a poorly understood, yet exciting frontier. Toward the goal of learning how host–microbe symbiosis arises and is maintained, Young et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 3463–3473) present a longitudinal metaproteomic case study of an infant during her second and third weeks of life. In the first such analysis of its kind, Young et al. portray overlapping stages of protein production by both the microbiota and the host consistent with their increasing complexity, and deepening interactions.
The influence of voltage applied between the electrodes on optical and morphological properties of the InGaN thin films grown by thermionic vacuum arc
Authors: Özen Soner , Şenay Volkan , Pat Suat , Korkmaz Şadan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe aim of this research is to investigate the optical and morphological properties of the InGaN thin films deposited onto amorphous glass substrates in two separate experiments with two different voltages applied between the electrodes, i.e. 500 and 600 V by means of the thermionic vacuum arc technique. This technique is original for thin film deposition and it enables thin film production in a very short period of time. The optical and morphological properties of the films were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, spectroscopic ellipsometer, reflectometer, spectrophotometer, and optical tensiometer. Optical properties were also supported by empirical relations. The deposition rates were calculated as 3 and 3.3 nm/sec for 500 and 600 V, respectively. The increase in the voltage also increased the refractive index, grain size, root mean square roughness and surface free energy. According to the results of the wetting experiments, InGaN samples were low‐wettable, also known as hydrophobic. SCANNING 38:14–20, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.