bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear implant after bacterial meningitis
Authors: Bille Jesper , Ovesen Therese 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective case study at a tertiary referral center was to investigate the outcome of cochlear implantation (CI) in children with sensorineural hearing loss due to meningitis compared to CI in children with deafness due to other reasons.MethodsThis post‐meningial group (PMG) consisted of 22 children undergoing CI due to deafness induced by meningitis, between December 1996 and January 2012. Five children had bilateral simultaneous implantation. None was excluded and the children were followed for at least 3 years. Operations were carried out by one of two surgeons using similar techniques in all cases. Each patient from the PMG was matched 2:1 with children having implantation for other reasons according to age and follow up (control group).ResultsOverall, the median category of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) score were not statistically significantly different between the two groups. The presence of additional central nervous system (CNS) disorders (post‐meningeal sequelae), however, correlated significantly with poorer outcomeConclusionsCI was a safe procedure without surgical complications in the present study. It is possible to restore auditory capacity and speech performance to a degree comparable to children undergoing implantation for other reasons. A statistically important variable is secondary CNS involvement. The rehabilitation program after CI should be adjusted according to these additional handicaps. It is recommended to screen meningitis patients as fast as possible to identify those with hearing loss and initiate treatment with hearing aids or CI.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in two siblings with Fanconi anemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho , Stramandinoli‐Zanicotti Roberta Targa , Amenábar José Miguel , Sassi Laurindo Moacir , Galbiatti Pedruzzi Paola Andrea , Piazzetta Cleto M. , Bonfim Carmem 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFanconi Anemia patients are a high risk group for solid and hematologic malignancies. The risk seems to be influenced by age, chronic graft versus host disease and immunosuppressive drug regimens. Reports of oral malignant transformation in Fanconi Anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are increasing probably because of longer survival rates. This is the report of an 18‐ and her 28‐year old sister who developed a post‐HSCT oral squamous cell carcinoma. There were significant differences regarding time to malignant transformation, marrow donor characteristics and graft versus host disease evolution and treatment. The report reinforce the need for a routine head and neck screening for cancer in this particular syndrome and suggest that familial history should also be considered in Fanconi anemia patients at risk for oral malignancy after HSCT.
Impacts of land use on soil organic matter and degree of compactness in calcareous soils of central Iran
Authors: Havaee S. , Ayoubi S. , Mosaddeghi M. R. , Keller T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use (dryland farming, grassland and irrigated farming) on bulk density, (ρb) and relative bulk density (ρb‐rel), and to study the relationships between ρb and ρb‐rel, respectively, and soil organic matter content (OM) and soil texture at 100 locations in calcareous soils of central Iran. The ρb–rel was expressed as the ratio of ρb to a reference bulk density, ρbef. By considering ρb‐ref an inherent soil property that is dependent on soil texture but not on OM, the combined effects of OM due to land use and compaction (due to agricultural machinery) on the degree of compactness could be explored. Multiple linear regression was used to derive pedotransfer functions for predicting ρb and ρb‐rel. It was found that ρb‐rel is strongly affected by OM, and a strong correlation was obtained between ρb‐rel and the ratio of OM to clay content. The predictive performance of the multiple regression models was poorest for irrigated farming, which might be explained by intensive soil disturbance by tillage in irrigated farming. The main effect of land use was on OM, and consequently, the degree of compactness was mainly controlled by OM. The greatest OM and least ρb‐rel were measured in irrigated farming. Dryland farming had the least OM and the greatest ρb‐rel.
TheSEPALLATA MADS‐box proteinSLMBP21 forms protein complexes withJOINTLESSandMACROCALYXas a transcription activator for development of the tomato flower abscission zone
Authors: Liu Danmei , Wang Di , Qin Zhengrui , Zhang Dongdong , Yin Lingjie , Wu Liang , Colasanti Joseph , Li Aili , Mao Long 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOrgan abscission is a key step in a plant's life cycle and is one of the most important agronomic traits for crops. In tomato, twoMADS‐box genes,JOINTLESS(J) andMACROCAYLYX(MC), have been shown to be implicated in development of the flower abscission zone (AZ), but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not well known. We report here that theSEPALLATA(SEP)MADS‐box geneSLMBP21acts as an additional factor for development of theAZin tomato. We show that knockdown ofSLMBP21abolishes development of the flowerAZ, while overexpression ofSLMBP21produces small cells at the proximal section of the pedicel and the peduncle. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis confirms thatSLMBP21 interacts with J andMC, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrates that these three proteins may form higher‐order protein complexes.In situhybridization shows thatSLMBP21,J, andMCtranscripts accumulate in distinct regions, but overlap at theAZvasculature. In addition, transactivation assays in yeast show that, of the three interacting proteins, onlySLMBP21 can activate reporter gene transcription.RNA‐seq analysis furthermore reveals that loss of function ofSLMBP21,J, orMCaffects a common subset of meristem activity genes includingLeWUSandLATERAL SUPPRESSORthat were specifically expressed in theAZon the tomato flower pedicel. SinceSLMBP21belongs to theFBP9/23subclade of theSEPgene family, which is absent inArabidopsis, theSLMBP21–J–MCcomplex may represent a distinct mechanism for development of theAZin plants.
Enhancement of oxidative and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by overaccumulation of antioxidant flavonoids
Authors: Nakabayashi Ryo , Yonekura‐Sakakibara Keiko , Urano Kaoru , Suzuki Makoto , Yamada Yutaka , Nishizawa Tomoko , Matsuda Fumio , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Shinozaki Kazuo , Michael Anthony J. , Tohge Takayuki , Yamazaki Mami , Saito Kazuki 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe notion that plants use specialized metabolism to protect against environmental stresses needs to be experimentally proven by addressing the question of whether stress tolerance by specialized metabolism is directly due to metabolites such as flavonoids. We report that flavonoids with radical scavenging activity mitigate against oxidative and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling and experiments with oxidative and drought stress in wild‐type, single overexpressors of MYB12/PFG1 (PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES1) or MYB75/PAP1 (PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1), double overexpressors of MYB12 and PAP1, transparent testa4 (tt4) as a flavonoid‐deficient mutant, and flavonoid‐deficient MYB12 or PAP1 overexpressing lines (obtained by crossing tt4 and the individual MYB overexpressor) demonstrated that flavonoid overaccumulation was key to enhanced tolerance to such stresses. Antioxidative activity assays using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, methyl viologen, and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine clearly showed that anthocyanin overaccumulation with strong in vitro antioxidative activity mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in vivo under oxidative and drought stress. These data confirm the usefulness of flavonoids for enhancing both biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
Fatigue Properties and Life Prediction of 8630 Cast Steel in the Presence of Weld Repair and Porosities
Authors: Shirazi Alireza , Ragai Ihab 
Published: November 2013

The objective of the this work is to study the effect of weld repair and macro-porosities on fatigue properties and fatigue life of AISI 8630 cast steel subjected to bending cyclic loads. Test specimens were cut from a cast steel component that contains macro-porosities. To regain the structural integrity, the component is typically excavated and weld repaired.
In this study, weld repairs are simulated by machining a cylindrical groove across the width of the specimen then the groove is welded using different weld rods and various pre and post weld heat treatment conditions. All specimens were examined by radiography (X-Ray) in accordance with ASTM E446 before depositing the weld in order to verify the quality of the samples. After welding, the quality of the welded grooves was examined using ultrasonic testing (UT) and magnetic particle inspection (MPI) in accordance with ASTM A609 and ASTM E709 standards, respectively.
Qualified samples were then machines to the final dimensions. The fatigue test was performed under pure bending conditions using four-point bend set up. This set up allows localizing stresses at the sites where weld repairs were applied.
Experimental results show that specimens with stronger weld material tested under no heat treatment conditions have comparable fatigue performance to those heat treated specimens with lower strength weld material.
Furthermore, it was found that the fatigue test results are highly affected by the presence of micro-porosities within the cast steel material. Therefore, an analytical approach to predict the fatigue life is also presented in this work. A good agreement is achieved between the predicted fatigue lives and the experimental results.
Generally, the results show that for porosities with width to depth ratios between 0.25 to 1 and width size smaller than or equal to 1 mm the life is reduced by up to 1.5 orders of magnitude while the endurance limit was reduced by a factor of 1.57. Similarly for porosities with ratios between 1.5 and 2.5 and width greater than 1.5 mm the life was reduced by 2.5 orders of magnitude and the endurance limit was reduced by a factor of 2.2.
Simulation of Surface Roughness Effects on Residual Stress in Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Hasser Peter J. , Malik Arif S. , Langer Kristina , Spradlin Thomas J. 
Published: November 2013

Laser peening (LP) has shown to be a viable method by which the fatigue life of metallic components can be extended. Although current commercial implementation of LP techniques has not developed much beyond a trial-and-error methodology to implement the process, researchers at several institutions have examined various parameters that affect residual stress fields induced by LP, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and semi-empirical eigenstrain methods. This research is a preliminary investigation of a potentially under-considered variable in laser peening — material surface roughness. The influence of surface roughness on laser peening has not previously been studied through finite element modeling. The main point of interest for this work is to discover the amount that surface roughness magnitude affects the residual stresses created by LP.
The FEA models, used in the exploration of surface roughness effects, had a simulated roughness produced by displacing surface nodes a pre-determined distance orthogonal to the original, smooth model surface. The amount that each node was moved was based on Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), a statistical method used to quantify uncertainties in random variables according to non-standard probability distribution functions. The KDEs were created from surface-roughness measurements taken from three separate 6061-T6 aluminum tubes. Two separate roughness sample sets were tested at magnifications of 1×, 10×, and 20× times the measured average roughness (Ra). Each roughness magnitude was simulated at peening pressures of 2, 2.5 and 3 times the Hugonoit Elastic Limit (HEL) for Al6061-T6. The 10× and 20× magnitude roughness samples produced significant changes in residual stress components relative to a smooth model, for all pressure loadings.
Modelling Long-Term Trends in Significant Wave Height and its Potential Impacts on Ship Structural Loads
Authors: Vanem Erik , Bitner-Gregersen Elzbieta M. 
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the results from a statistical model for significant wave height in space and time. In particular, various model alternatives were applied to extract long-term temporal trends towards the year 2100. Future projections of the North Atlantic ocean wave climate based on two of these alternatives are presented, i.e. an extrapolated linear trend and trends based on regression on atmospheric levels of CO2 and assuming future emission scenarios proposed by IPCC.
It is further explored how such future trends can be related to the structural load calculations of ships. It will be demonstrated how the estimated future trends can be incorporated in joint environmental models to yield updated environmental contour lines that take possible changes in the ocean wave climate into account. In this way, the impact of climate change on the wave climate can be accounted for in stress and loads calculations and hence in the structural dimensioning of ships and offshore installations. The proposed approach is illustrated by an example showing the potential impact of the estimated long-term trends in the wave climate on the wave-induced structural loads of an oil tanker. Results indicate that the impact may be far from negligible, and that this may need to be considered in the future when performing loads calculations.
Anchoring Strategy Suggested for the Mitigation of Pipeline Walking
Authors: Castelo Adriano , Galgoul Nelson Szilard , Tardelli Luciano , Barros Douglas 
Published: November 2013

Short subsea pipelines when subjected to high internal pressures and high operational temperatures (HP/HT) might experience displacements of the whole line that may accumulate cyclically over their operational lifetime resulting in a phenomenon known as “pipeline walking”.
Three different mitigation strategies for this phenomenon have been investigated for a specific pipeline, which also had PLETs with sliding foundations at both ends, and results of this investigation were published recently — Castelo et al. (2012). The aforementioned strategies, however, have included only suggestions of different ways to anchor the pipeline subjected to the “pipeline walking” phenomenon.
This recent publication has presented the conclusion that it is advantageous to anchor the pipeline at an intermediate position along its length in order to try to cancel out the friction forces by having them occur in opposite directions, also considering the presence of the unbalanced forces caused by the sloped seabed.
In practical terms determining this intermediate position is not just choosing the pipeline midpoint because of forces built into the pipeline during installation and it is reminded also that no suggestions had been made on how to anchor.
In this paper, therefore, the authors have decided to provide some insight on how to investigate the position where the anchoring should take place in order to minimize the unbalanced forces and also on what structural details are more adequate to perform this anchoring.
Estimation of Equivalent Dynamic Amplification Factor (EDAF) on a Jacket Structure
Authors: Baarholm Gro Sagli , Johansen Atle , Birknes Jørn , Haver Sverre 
Published: November 2013

Non-linear time domain irregular wave simulations have been performed for the Kvitebjørn jacket platform located in the North Sea with the aim to quantify the dynamic amplification. The jacket is a slender structure installed in about 190m water depth.
For each of the selected extreme sea states both quasi-static and dynamic response simulations have been carried out for several wave realizations using different seeds. Based on the quasi-static response and dynamic response, equivalent dynamic amplification factors (EDAFs) were calculated for different response measures in the jacket. EDAF is the factor one has to multiply the q-probability quasi-static response with in order to obtain an adequate estimate of the q-probability dynamic response. The EDAFs are to be used in ultimate limit state (ULS) and accidental limit state (ALS) analyses of the platform.
Simulations were performed applying a Gaussian wave with Wheeler stretching and a second-order wave model.
This paper focuses on the selection of wave kinematics method and on the establishment of the EDAF analysis procedure.
Optimisation of Steel Catenary Risers
Authors: Voie Per Erlend , Sødahl Nils 
Published: November 2013

The riser system is a vital component of deep water floating production installations. Field specific optimised solutions are generally required to obtain a technical solution fit for purpose and to secure an economic field development. In some cases, the riser system is a potential technology stopper preventing use of existing field proven floater/station keeping solutions for new applications. One such example is operation of large diameter steel catenary risers (SCR) from floating production units in harsh environmental conditions.
This study is focused on methodology for optimisation of riser systems by use of a mathematical optimisation scheme. An optimisation problem may formally be described as minimisation of a function in several variables (objective function) subjected to additional constraints. For the first time the general optimisation framework Optima is outlined allowing for use of standard riser analysis software for evaluation of objective function and constraints. Principles for selection of objective function and constraints are discussed for practical design applications with reference to design codes. Finally, an optimisation study of a steel riser for deep water and harsh environment is presented.
Sheared Current Generation in Flume Tank for Experimental Research
Authors: Islam Mohammed , Spencer Don , Herrington Paul , Walker Dan , Moideen Hisham , Park Y. C. 
Published: November 2013

Current velocity, profile, direction, and duration may affect hydrodynamic loads and VIM of offshore structure. It is often recommended that physical experiments are carried out in sheared current, in multiple directions and for sufficiently long period of time to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of deep draft offshore structures to obtain better correlation to the field measurements. This necessitates generating sheared current with acceptable turbulence level. This paper presents a recent advancement in generating sheared current in a flume tank facility. In this process, the test specimen remains moored and the water flows past with its velocity varied with depth as long as necessary.
A combination of synthetic and wire meshes are used to provide the required amount of blockage onto the circulating channel flow of the flume tank to obtain specified current distribution across the cross-section and at the longitudinal center of the tank. The final set-up of the current screen provided a sheared flow distribution within 10% of the targets. Also, the measured turbulence level was below 10% in all the locations measured.
VIM studies of a model spar were successfully carried out in the generated sheared current in the flume tank facility. The ability to accurately model the sheared flow essentially improves the accuracy of the measured VIM type response measurements. The generated sheared current can also be applied for other hydrodynamic experiments where sheared current is relevant.
Efficient Semi-Analytical Methodology for the Pre-Design Analysis of the Shock Response of Marine Structures
Authors: Iakovlev Serguei , Sigrist Jean-Francois , Leblond Cedric , Santos Hugo A. F. A. , Seaton Cris T. , Williston Kyle 
Published: November 2013

We introduce a robust and computationally efficient methodology for numerical simulation of shock-structure interaction. The methodology is based on the use of some of the classical methods of mathematical physics, with the subsequent coupling between the fluid dynamics and structural parts using the finite-difference methodology. In order to demonstrate the versatility of the approach, we apply it to two rather different practically important problems of the interaction between shock waves and submerged cylindrical structures, aiming at providing insights that would be useful to engineers at the pre-design stage.
We first consider a submerged cylindrical shell subjected to two consecutive shock waves, and analyze the effect of such loading in the context of both hydrodynamic fields and the structural stresses it induces. The most important result of this analysis is the observation, for certain values of the distance between the wavefronts, of a very significant increase of the maximum stress observed in the structure.
Then, we consider a submerged cylindrical shell subjected to a single shock wave, but employ a more advanced shell theory than the one traditionally used, namely, the Reissner-Mindlin theory instead of the Kirchhoff-Love one. We demonstrate that such an advancement of the model not only leads to a very significant improvement of the accuracy of the respective simulations, but also allows for modeling relatively thick shells.
Influence of Particle Geometry on the Simulation of Sand Cutting Process
Authors: Chen Xiuhan , Miedema Sape A. , van Rhee Cees 
Published: November 2013

Appropriate simulations of the sand cutting process are needed for dredging purposes. Software packages based on discrete element modeling (DEM) have offered useful tools to conduct the simulation and visualize the result. However, before moving to water saturated environment, simulations of the sand cutting process in atmospheric environment should first be treated. As known in reality the sand particles are not perfectly spherical, and their behavior is determined by their natural shape and material properties. Hence one of the key questions emerges to us, what particle geometry design is appropriate for a practical simulation.
To answer that question, a group of simulations with various particle geometry designs are set up to imitate the natural behavior of the sand particles in cutting process. The simulations are conducted in 3D by the software package EDEM™. The outcome shows that the macro behavior of the sand specimen could be different when different types of particles are used. And the cutting force records registered on the cutting blade are influenced by the particles’ ability to rotate, which is determined by the geometry of the particles, too. Besides, there is a risk that some of the particle shapes may create orderly placement in the sand pile.
Another topic discussed in this paper is the algorithm to calculate the porosity in the sand pile, which is useful for developing the simulation into water saturated environment. A numerical method based on a 3D grid system will be introduced in this part.
This paper will show the detailed methodology and results of the simulation and analysis.