bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le cinéma ou l’art de laisser revenir les fantômes : une approche à partir de J. Derrida
Authors: Vera Adolfo 
Published: January 2015

Spectres de Marx (1993) aura été l’ouvrage qui aura donné ses lettres de citoyenneté philosophique à la catégorie de spectralité en tant qu’elle est en mesure de rendre compte de complexes rapports entre violence politique, crise de la représentation et nouvelles technologies. Nous essayerons dans cet article de pointer comment cette théorie pourrait aussi porter ses fruits en considérant le cas de l’appareil cinématographique. Pour ce faire, on considérera notamment deux interventions publiques – Derrida n’a presque pas écrit sur le cinéma – où Derrida a mis au point ce que nous pourrions appeler un programme théorique pour établir une philosophie spectrale du cinéma, où les questions – essentielles dans sa pensée – de la trace, de l’archive, de l’oubli, de la répétition et de la technique seront fondamentales.
Le « montage » dans l’esthétique poétique de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf (poète Mapuche Huilliche)
Authors: Hermosilla Claudia Arellano 
Published: January 2015

Le texte qui suit, examine comment l’esthétique et la poétique de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf, matérialise un lieu discursif de et à partir de l’abject. Miranda Rupailaf est capable de menacer l’homogénéité des mythes fondateurs de la tradition judéo-chrétienne et met en place la construction de nouvelles subjectivités, toujours dans un processus continu de production et de reproduction du capital symbolique. C’est grâce à la puissance de la littérature, que nous pouvons reconstruire les « montages » du discours fabriqués historiquement et charger de nouvelles significations.
Sur une certaine fonction politique du cinéma latino-américain : L’étrange cas du regard poignant dans El compadre Mendoza de Fernando de Fuentes
Authors: Domínguez Jiménez Román 
Published: January 2015

Dans quelle mesure le cinéma peut-il contribuer à la lutte contre l’oubli voire faire en sorte que le pire de l’histoire ne se répète plus jamais ? Il convient d’examiner l’idée reçue selon laquelle il suffirait que le spectateur compatissant voie les crimes et entende les témoignages pour que l’horreur ne se reproduise plus. À partir d’une analyse du film El compadre Mendoza de F. de Fuentes, l’auteur critique le présupposé mimétique et développe un point de vue qu’il appelle critique. Ici, il ne s’agira plus de faire mémoire pour que le pire ne revienne plus, mais de faire face au crime par le biais des images (du passé notamment) qui nous mettraient en garde contre les dangers de nos jours.
Les individus face à l'épreuve des transitions biographiques
Authors: Deltand Muriel , Kaddouri Mokhtar 
Published: January 2015

L'article a pour objectif le questionnement du périmètre et des contours du terme transition biographique qu'il met en perspective par rapport à deux autres termes qui lui sont souvent associés : bifurcation et événement biographiques. Plusieurs extraits issus de trois entretiens sont mobilisés pour illustrer un cas de transition qui a débouché sur une bifurcation avortée et de cas de transition-rupture et transition-continuité dans des situations de formation en alternance.
Transmettre le Moyen Âge par le théâtre : l’Atelier de théâtre médiéval
Authors: Arioli Emanuele 
Published: January 2015

Ce texte retrace une expérience de transmission des lettres médiévales à travers le théâtre, l’Atelier de théâtre médiéval. Commencé en 2012-2013 à la Cité Universitaire Internationale de Paris et poursuivi en 2013-2014 auprès de l’École Normale Supérieure de Paris, ce projet mêlant recherche et création vise à explorer un patrimoine théâtral aujourd’hui injustement méconnu et à faire revivre des formes théâtrales archaïques. Le premier spectacle, À la recherche du théâtre médiéval, a été représenté en juin 2013 et le deuxième, Ciel le Curé ! Jeux et mystères du Moyen Âge, en mars 2014. Ce compte rendu relate les étapes de la création de ces deux spectacles, de l’adaptation jusqu’aux représentations, les choix d’interprétation et de mise en scène, les méthodes de travail ainsi que les réactions des participants et du public. Plusieurs vidéos des pièces mises en scène sont disponibles en ligne et peuvent offrir aux étudiants une façon ludique de découvrir la littérature du Moyen Âge (http://theatremedieval.fr).
Enjeux et perspectives d’une culture médiévale au lycée
Authors: Olivier Isabelle 
Published: January 2015

Partant du constat de la place très marginale des lettres médiévales dans le secondaire en France et particulièrement au lycée, nous nous proposons de montrer le paradoxe d’une telle situation, étant donné le profit culturel et didactique que représentent les lettres médiévales pour l’enseignement de la littérature et pour l’enseignement en général. En effet, les lettres médiévales seraient à même de développer de nombreuses compétences littéraires mais aussi de nombreux savoirs culturels au lycée, tout en posant la question des valeurs esthétiques, éthiques, qui définissent une société. Une fois ces enjeux répertoriés, nous nous interrogeons sur les obstacles à leur enseignement dans le secondaire depuis les années 1970, qui semblent désormais s’aplanir au regard d’autres phénomènes culturels susceptibles de favoriser leur présence dans l’enseignement secondaire. Mais surtout, la littérature médiévale, par son altérité, ne peut que conduire à un renouvellement de l’approche des textes en classe ; ainsi, elle présente tout particulièrement des affinités électives avec les démarches préconisées depuis quelques décennies par la recherche en didactique de la littérature, fondées sur le concept de lecture littéraire. Cette réflexion se termine alors sur quelques modestes propositions pour une véritable place des lettres médiévales dans l’enseignement secondaire.
Controls on the silicon isotope distribution in the ocean: New diagnostics from a data‐constrained model
Authors: Holzer Mark , Brzezinski Mark A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe global distributions of the silicon isotopes within silicic acid are estimated by adding isotope fractionation to an optimized, data‐constrained model of the oceanic silicon cycle that is embedded in a data‐assimilated steady circulation. Including fractionation during opal dissolution improves the model's ability to capture the approximately linear relation between isotope ratio, δ30Si, and inverse silicic acid concentration observed in the deep Atlantic. To quantify the importance of hydrographic control on the isotope distribution, δ30Si is partitioned into contributions from preformed and regenerated silicic acid, further partitioned according to euphotic zone origin. We find that the large‐scale features of the isotope distribution in the Atlantic basin are dominated by preformed silicic acid, with regenerated silicic acid being important for setting vertical gradients. In the Pacific and Indian Oceans, preformed and regenerated silicic acid make roughly equally important contributions to the pattern of the isotope ratio, with gradients of the preformed and regenerated contributions tending to cancel each other in the deep Pacific. The Southern Ocean euphotic zone is the primary origin of both the preformed and regenerated contributions to δ30Si. Nearly the entire preformed part of δ30Si is of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic origin. The regenerated part of δ30Si in the Atlantic basin also has a contribution of Central Atlantic (∼40°S–40°N) origin that is comparable in magnitude to the North Atlantic contribution. In other basins, the Central Pacific and Indian Ocean are the second largest contributors to the regenerated part of δ30Si.
In situ detection of stratosphere‐troposphere exchange of cirrus particles in the midlatitudes
Authors: Müller S. , Hoor P. , Berkes F. , Bozem H. , Klingebiel M. , Reutter P. , Smit H. G. J. , Wendisch M. , Spichtinger P. , Borrmann S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAirborne trace gas, microphysical, and radiation measurements were performed during the AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle ‐ Inhomogeneous Cirrus Experiment over northern Germany in 2013. Based on high‐precision nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) in situ data, stratospheric air could be identified, which contained cirrus cloud particles. Consistent with the stratospheric N2O data, backward trajectories indicate that the sampled air masses crossed the dynamical tropopause in the last 3 h before the measurement. These air masses contained cirrus particles, which were formed during slow ascent in the troposphere and subsequently mixed with stratospheric air. From the CO‐N2O correlation the irreversibility of this transport is deduced. To our knowledge, this is the first in situ detection of cirrus particles mixed with stratospheric air in the midlatitudes.
Swarm in situ observations of F region polar cap patches created by cusp precipitation
Authors: Goodwin L. V. , Iserhienrhien B. , Miles D. M. , Patra S. , van der Meeren C. , Buchert S. C. , Burchill J. K. , Clausen L. B. N. , Knudsen D. J. , McWilliams K. A. , Moen J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution in situ measurements from the three Swarm spacecraft, in a string‐of‐pearls configuration, provide new insights about the combined role of flow channel events and particle impact ionization in creating F region electron density structures in the northern Scandinavian dayside cusp. We present a case of polar cap patch formation where a reconnection‐driven low‐density relative westward flow channel is eroding the dayside solar‐ionized plasma but where particle impact ionization in the cusp dominates the initial plasma structuring. In the cusp, density features are observed which are twice as dense as the solar‐ionized background. These features then follow the polar cap convection and become less structured and lower in amplitude. These are the first in situ observations tracking polar cap patch evolution from creation by plasma transport and enhancement by cusp precipitation, through entrainment in the polar cap flow and relaxation into smooth patches as they approach the nightside auroral oval.
Earth's energy imbalance since 1960 in observations and CMIP5 models
Authors: Smith Doug M. , Allan Richard P. , Coward Andrew C. , Eade Rosie , Hyder Patrick , Liu Chunlei , Loeb Norman G. , Palmer Matthew D. , Roberts Chris D. , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObservational analyses of running 5 year ocean heat content trends (Ht) and net downward top of atmosphere radiation (N) are significantly correlated (r ~ 0.6) from 1960 to 1999, but a spike in Ht in the early 2000s is likely spurious since it is inconsistent with estimates of N from both satellite observations and climate model simulations. Variations in N between 1960 and 2000 were dominated by volcanic eruptions and are well simulated by the ensemble mean of coupled models from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We find an observation‐based reduction in N of − 0.31 ± 0.21 W m−2 between 1999 and 2005 that potentially contributed to the recent warming slowdown, but the relative roles of external forcing and internal variability remain unclear. While present‐day anomalies of N in the CMIP5 ensemble mean and observations agree, this may be due to a cancelation of errors in outgoing longwave and absorbed solar radiation.
A statistical study on the whistler waves behind dipolarization fronts
Authors: Li Huimin , Zhou Meng , Deng Xiaohua , Yuan Zhigang , Guo Lixin , Yu Xiongdong , Pang Ye , Huang Shiyong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present a statistical study of whistler waves behind dipolarization fronts (DFs) based on the Cluster satellites measurements during the years 2001–2007. We find 732 DFs during the 7 year tail periods (XGSM ≤ −8 RE and |YGSM| ≤ 10 RE) in the plasma sheet. By constraining the whistler waves in a 1 min interval behind the DFs (the maximum Bz), we find that 381 DFs (about 50%) are followed by whistler waves. We study the occurrence rate of whistler waves, the wave characteristic parameters, and the corresponding electron distribution, not only in a global view but also in the local DF coordinate. In a global view, behind the DFs, the whistler waves mostly occur in the radial distance between 17 and 18 RE. They have a higher occurrence rate on the dawnside than the duskside. On the other hand, in the local DF coordinate, whistler waves have a higher occurrence rate around the meridian of DF. In addition, the average wave amplitudes increase toward the dawnside of DF. Associated with the whistler waves, electron distributions have a dominant perpendicular anisotropy for electrons with energy higher than 5 keV. Lower energy electron distributions do not have such perpendicular anisotropy dominance. Moreover, the perpendicular anisotropy for electrons >5 keV increases toward the dawnside of DF, which may be caused by the drift‐betatron acceleration. We suggest that the free energy source for whistler waves behind the DFs is probably the perpendicular anisotropy of >5 keV electrons caused by the betatron acceleration.
Supercriticality of ICME and CIR shocks
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Smith Edward J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInterplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) and corotating interaction region (CIR) shocks are characterized in terms of supercriticality introduced by Edmiston and Kennel (1984) to classify shocks based on whether dissipation is provided by electron resistivity alone or also requires ion viscosity. The condition for determining supercriticality is a critical Mach number, MC, a function of θBn, the angle between the upstream magnetic field, B, and the normal to the shock surface, n, and β, the ratio of the plasma and magnetic pressures. The criterion was subsequently revised by Kennel (1987) to include dissipation by electron thermal as well as electrical conductivity. Two early separate studies of ICME and CIR shocks motivated our investigation that included several improvements. We use Kennel (1987) and shocks identified by WIND near 1 AU and by Ulysses near 5 AU from the same solar cycle to provide Occurrence Probability Distributions and statistical information for all parameters. We answer three questions (1) Is the supercriticality of ICME and CIR shocks different? (2) If so, why? (3) Does the latter MC criterion change the answers? Our conclusions are (1) about two thirds of CIR shocks are supercritical as compared to one third of ICME shocks, (2) although ICME shock speeds are typically higher than CIR shocks, the fast‐mode wave speeds are even higher at 1 AU than that of CIR shocks at ~5 AU causing a reduction in Mach numbers, and (3) CIR shocks are also more supercritical than ICME shocks using both criteria with slight differences.
The interaction between ULF waves and thermal plasma ions at the plasmaspheric boundary layer during substorm activity
Authors: Ren J. , Zong Q. G. , Wang Y. F. , Zhou X. Z. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDuring a substorm on 27 January 2004, energetic particle injections associated with ULF waves have been detected when Cluster fleet was traveling inbound in the Southern Hemisphere. Substorm‐injected energetic particles are strong and clearly modulated by these ULF waves. The ULF waves with the period of 1 min are probably the third harmonic mode. The periodic pitch angle dispersion signatures at 5.2–6.9 keV energy channel were detected by Cluster satellite. These thermal plasma have high coherence with the electric field of the third harmonic poloidal mode and satisfy the drift‐bounce resonant condition of N = 2. In addition, ion outflows from the Earth's ionosphere (tens to hundreds of eV) are also observed to be modulated by these ULF waves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that ULF waves can simultaneously interact with both substorm‐injected “hot” particles from the magnetotail and cold outflow ions from the Earth's ionosphere.
The Earth's bow shock velocity distribution function
Authors: Meziane K. , Hamza A. M. , Maksimovic M. , Alrefay T. Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is well established that interplanetary disturbances cause the Earth's bow shock to move sunward or earthward. Since the launch of the Cluster mission, precise determination of the shock velocity was carried out allowing for the possibility to perform sophisticated investigations about the shock dynamics. The shock normal and velocity are determined for 381 Earth's bow shock crossings using data from the Spatio Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations ‐ Spectrum Analyzer experiment on board the Cluster spacecraft. We have found that the observed radial shock velocity is well fitted by a Maxwellian for speeds less than 80 km s−1. The Maxwellian fit provides a standard deviation km s−1. Assuming that the shock motion is exclusively controlled by the time rate of change of solar wind ram pressure, a probability density for the shock velocity near the nose region is constructed using the basic elements of probability theory. The obtained results are in a very good agreement with the observations when typical conditions of the solar wind are considered. The present study indicates that the ram pressure is a predominant parameter in shock dynamics and the relevance of the Mach number is not a determinant.
Viscoelastic relaxation following subduction earthquakes and its effects on afterslip determination
Authors: Sun Tianhaozhe , Wang Kelin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAfterslip is commonly thought to be the controlling process in postseismic deformation immediately following a great megathrust earthquake and is usually inferred from geodetic observations using purely elastic models. However, observed motion reversal of the near‐trench area right after the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake demonstrates the dominance of viscoelastic relaxation of coseismically induced stresses. To understand the importance of incorporating viscoelasticity in afterslip determination, we employ biviscous Burgers mantle rheology and use finite element models to explore how viscoelastic relaxation in short‐term postseismic deformation is controlled by various geometrical and rheological factors. Our results indicate that immediately after large megathrust earthquakes (Mw > 8.0), viscoelastic deformation should always cause opposing motion of inland and trench areas and subsidence around landward termination of the rupture, although the rate of such postseismic motion depends on local conditions such as the age and hence thickness of the slab and transient mantle viscosity values. While elastic models may be adequate for afterslip estimation for earthquakes of Mw < 7.5, neglect of viscoelasticity for larger events leads to overestimate of afterslip downdip of the rupture and underestimate of afterslip at shallower depths. Reassessing shallow afterslip following the 2005 Mw 8.7 Nias earthquake using 2‐D viscoelastic models suggests that the actual afterslip may be greater than that estimated using an elastic model by more than 50%. Similarly, interpreting trenchward motion of some seafloor GPS sites following the Tohoku‐oki earthquake using a viscoelastic model suggests large shallow afterslip outside of the main rupture area.
Seasonal dynamics of threshold friction velocity and dust emission in Central Asia
Authors: Xi Xin , Sokolik Irina N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn improved model representation of mineral dust cycle is critical to reducing the uncertainty of dust‐induced environmental and climatic impact. Here we present a mesoscale model study of the seasonal dust activity in the semiarid drylands of Central Asia, focusing on the effects of wind speed, soil moisture, surface roughness heterogeneity, and vegetation phenology on the threshold friction velocity (u*t) and dust emission during the dust season of 1 March to 31 October 2001. The dust model WRF‐Chem‐DuMo allows us to examine the uncertainties in seasonal dust emissions due to the selection of dust emission scheme and soil grain size distribution data. To account for the vegetation effects on the u*t, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer monthly normalized difference vegetation index to derive the dynamic surface roughness parameters required by the physically based dust schemes of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995, hereinafter MB) and Shao et al. (1996, hereinafter Shao). We find the springtime u*t is strongly enhanced by the roughness effects of temperate steppe and desert ephemeral plants and, to less extent, the binding effects of increased soil moisture. The u*t decreases as the aboveground biomass dies back and soil moisture depletes during summer. The u*t dynamics determines the dust seasonality by causing more summer dust emission, despite a higher frequency of strong winds during spring. Due to the presence of more erodible materials in the saltation diameter range of 60–200 µm, the dry‐sieved soil size distribution data lead to eight times more season‐total dust emission than the soil texture data, but with minor differences in the temporal distribution. On the other hand, the Shao scheme produces almost the same amount of season‐total dust emission as the MB scheme, but with a strong shift toward summer due to the strong sensitivity of the u*t to vegetation. By simply averaging the MB and Shao model experiments, we obtain a mean estimate (Exp_mean) of season‐total dust emission of 255.6 Mt (megaton), of which 26.8%, 50.4%, and 22.8% are produced in spring (March‐April‐May), summer (June‐July‐August), and autumn (September‐October), respectively. The Exp_mean estimate identifies the Ustyurt Plateau, dried seabed of Aral Sea (called Aralkum), Caspian Sea coast, and loess deserts as the strongest dust source areas in Central Asia. The spatial distribution and seasonality of the Exp_mean estimate are in general agreement with ground station dusty weather observations and satellite aerosol optical depth and absorbing aerosol index products. Compared to Cakmur et al. (2006), the Exp_mean estimate suggests Central Asia contributes 10–17% to the global dust emission in 2001.
Soil temperature at ECMWF: An assessment using ground‐based observations
Authors: Albergel C. , Dutra E. , Muñoz‐Sabater J. , Haiden T. , Balsamo G. , Beljaars A. , Isaksen L. , de Rosnay P. , Sandu I. , Wedi N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSoil temperature is an important variable for the representation of many physical processes in numerical weather prediction (NWP). It is the key driver for all surface emissions of energy, carbon dioxide, and water and forward operator for all satellite sensors sensitive to land. Yet the forecast quality of this variable in NWP is largely unknown. In this study, in situ soil temperature measurements from nearly 700 stations belonging to four networks across the United States and Europe are used to assess the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts of soil temperature during 2012. Evaluation of the time series shows a good performance of the short‐range forecasts (day one) in capturing both soil temperature annual and diurnal cycles with very high level of correlation (0.92 and over), averaged root‐mean‐square differences ranging from 2.54°C to 3.89°C and averaged biases ranging from −0.52°C to 0.94°C. The orography data set used in the forecast system was found to have a strong impact on the outcomes of the evaluation. The difference between elevation of a station and that of the corresponding grid cell in the ECMWF model may lead to large temperature differences linked to linear processes resulting in a constant bias, as well as nonlinear processes (e.g., to snow melt in spring). This verification study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the near‐surface forecasts performance highlighting land‐atmosphere processes that need to be better represented in future model development such as snow pack melting and heat diffusion in the soil.