bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using comparative extinction risk analysis to prioritize the IUCN Red List reassessments of amphibians
Authors: Lucas Pablo Miguel , Di Marco Moreno , Cazalis Victor , Luedtke Jennifer , Neam Kelsey , Brown Mary H. , Langhammer Penny F. , Mancini Giordano , Santini Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssessing the extinction risk of species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (RL) is key to guiding conservation policies and reducing biodiversity loss. This process is resource demanding, however, and requires continuous updating, which becomes increasingly difficult as new species are added to the RL. Automatic methods, such as comparative analyses used to predict species RL category, can be an efficient alternative to keep assessments up to date. Using amphibians as a study group, we predicted which species are more likely to change their RL category and thus should be prioritized for reassessment. We used species biological traits, environmental variables, and proxies of climate and land‐use change as predictors of RL category. We produced an ensemble prediction of IUCN RL category for each species by combining 4 different model algorithms: cumulative link models, phylogenetic generalized least squares, random forests, and neural networks. By comparing RL categories with the ensemble prediction and accounting for uncertainty among model algorithms, we identified species that should be prioritized for future reassessment based on the mismatch between predicted and observed values. The most important predicting variables across models were species’ range size and spatial configuration of the range, biological traits, climate change, and land‐use change. We compared our proposed prioritization index and the predicted RL changes with independent IUCN RL reassessments and found high performance of both the prioritization and the predicted directionality of changes in RL categories. Ensemble modeling of RL category is a promising tool for prioritizing species for reassessment while accounting for models’ uncertainty. This approach is broadly applicable to all taxa on the IUCN RL and to regional and national assessments and may improve allocation of the limited human and economic resources available to maintain an up‐to‐date IUCN RL.
A framework for evaluating reproducibility and replicability in economics
Authors: Dreber Anna , Johannesson Magnus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose a framework for evaluating reproducibility and replicability in economics. Reproducibility is defined as testing if the results of an original study can be reproduced using the same data and replicability is defined as testing if the results of an original study hold in new data. We further divide reproducibility and replicability studies into five types: computational reproducibility, recreate reproducibility, robustness reproducibility, direct replicability and conceptual replicability. In addition to this typology we propose indicators to measure the degree of reproducibility and replicability in both individual studies and for a group of studies.
The German sickle cell disease registry reveals a surprising risk of acute splenic sequestration and an increased transfusion requirement in patients with compound heterozygous sickle cell disease HbS/β‐thalassaemia and no or low HbA expression
Authors: Allard Pierre , Tagliaferri Laura , Weru Vivienn , Cario Holger , Lobitz Stephan , Grosse Regine , Bleeke Matthias , Oevermann Lena , Hakimeh Dani , Jarisch Andrea , Kopp‐Schneider Annette , Kulozik Andreas E. , Kunz Joachim B. ,   for the German Sickle Cell Disease Study Group, Lassay Lisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Germany exhibit a substantial genetic diversity in the β‐globin genotype. Data collected by the national German SCD registry reflect this diversity and allowed us to analyze the phenotypes associated with different SCD genotypes. Our study focused on 90 patients with HbS/β‐thalassaemia (HbS/β‐thal) and compared these to patients with HbSS and HbSC. Patients with HbS/β‐thal were classified into three groups: HbS/β0‐thal (no HbA), HbS/β+‐thal (HbA < 14%), and HbS/β++‐thal (HbA≥14%). In comparison to HbSS, patients with HbS/β++‐thal had higher Hb‐levels, lower hemolytic activity and rarely required red blood cell transfusions. HbS/β0‐thal and HbS/β+‐thal closely resembled each other and are jointly referred to as HbS/β0/+‐thal. Compared to HbSS, patients with HbS/β0/+‐thal experienced a similar frequency of vasoocclusive crises and degree of hemolysis. However, the frequency of red blood cell transfusions (0.6 vs. 0.39/year, p = .0049) and splenic sequestration crises (42.4 vs. 15.5% of patients, p = 3.799e‐05) was higher in HbS/β0/+‐thal than in HbSS, but close to zero in HbS/β++‐thal. In conclusion, the level of HbA expression determines the phenotype of HbS/β+‐thal. HbS/β‐thal expressing no or little HbA is hematologically similar to HbSS, but causes a previously unknown high risk of splenic sequestration.
Association of elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of the longevity protein α‐Klotho with a delayed onset of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Zimmermann Milan , Fandrich Madeleine , Jakobi Meike , Röben Benjamin , Wurster Isabel , Lerche Stefanie , Schulte Claudia , Zimmermann Shahrzad , Deuschle Christian , Schneiderhan‐Marra Nicole , Gasser Thomas , Brockmann Kathrin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeParkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related condition characterized by substantial phenotypic variability. Consequently, pathways and proteins involved in biological aging, such as the central aging pathway comprising insulin‐like growth factor 1–α‐Klotho–sirtuin 1–forkhead box O3–peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, may potentially influence disease progression.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α‐Klotho in 471 PD patients were examined. Of the 471 patients, 96 carried a GBA1 variant (PD GBA1), whilst the 375 non‐carriers were classified as PD wild‐type (PD WT). Each patient was stratified into a CSF α‐Klotho tertile group based on the individual level. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis stratified by tertile groups were conducted. These longitudinal data were available for 255 patients. Follow‐up times reached from 8.4 to 12.4 years. The stratification into PD WT and PD GBA1 was undertaken to evaluate potential continuum patterns, particularly in relation to CSF levels.ResultsHigher CSF levels of α‐Klotho were associated with a significant later onset of cognitive impairment. Elevated levels of α‐Klotho in CSF were linked to higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in male PD patients with GBA1 mutations.ConclusionsOur results indicate that higher CSF levels of α‐Klotho are associated with a delayed cognitive decline in PD. Notably, this correlation is more prominently observed in PD patients with GBA1 mutations, potentially reflecting the accelerated biological aging profile characteristic of individuals harboring GBA1 variants.
An efficient object tracking based on multi‐head cross‐attention transformer
Authors: Dai Jiahai , Li Huimin , Jiang Shan , Yang Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObject tracking is an essential component of computer vision and plays a significant role in various practical applications. Recently, transformer‐based trackers have become the predominant method for tracking due to their robustness and efficiency. However, existing transformer‐based trackers typically focus solely on the template features, neglecting the interactions between the search features and the template features during the tracking process. To address this issue, this article introduces a multi‐head cross‐attention transformer for visual tracking (MCTT), which effectively enhance the interaction between the template branch and the search branch, enabling the tracker to prioritize discriminative feature. Additionally, an auxiliary segmentation mask head has been designed to produce a pixel‐level feature representation, enhancing and tracking accuracy by predicting a set of binary masks. Comprehensive experiments have been performed on benchmark datasets, such as LaSOT, GOT‐10k, UAV123 and TrackingNet using various advanced methods, demonstrating that our approach achieves promising tracking performance. MCTT achieves an AO score of 72.8 on the GOT‐10k.
A direct analytical methodology for the assessment of ductile fracture in metals based on multiaxial tests
Authors: Cortis Gabriele , Piacenti Marcello , Nalli Filippo , Cortese Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prediction accuracy of ductile damage models is subject to a sound calibration strategy, which normally involves the execution of complex multiaxial tests and requires dedicated facilities. In addition, finite element (FE) analysis is mandatory to retrieve the stress and strain states at the critical point, which cannot be directly measured from experiments. To overcome this complexity, a minimal set of simple multiaxial tests is selected, and an analytical‐numerical approach is proposed to evaluate, without resorting to FE, both the stress evolution with plastic deformation and the fracture strain, under any different loading condition of each test. This is achieved from the sole knowledge of the material bilinear stress–strain relation and of the applied test displacement at fracture. The obtained results are compared with a traditional testing and calibration methodology, and the robustness of the approach is proved on a 17‐4PH steel, an X65 steel, and a Ti6Al4V alloy.
Species identity and diversity of filter‐feeding bivalves impact green and brown food webs
Authors: Kubala Megan E. , Hopper Garrett W. , González Irene Sánchez , Jackson Colin R. , Kuehn Kevin A. , Halvorson Halvor M. , Atkinson Carla L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In freshwater ecosystems, consumers can play large roles in nutrient cycling by modifying nutrient availability for autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. Nutrients released by consumers directly support green food webs based on primary production and brown food webs based on decomposition. While much research has focused on impacts of consumer driven nutrient dynamics on green food webs, less attention has been given to studying the effects of these dynamics on brown food webs.

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) can dominate benthic biomass in aquatic systems as they often occur in dense aggregations that create biogeochemical hotspots that can control ecosystem structure and function through nutrient release. However, despite functional similarities as filter‐feeders, mussels exhibit variation in nutrient excretion and tissue stoichiometry due in part to their phylogenetic origin. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to evaluate how communities of three phylogenetically distinct species of mussels individually and collectively influence components of green and brown food webs.

We predicted that the presence of mussels would elicit a positive response in both brown and green food webs by providing nutrients and energy via excretion and biodeposition to autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. We also predicted that bottom‐up provisioning of nutrients would vary among treatments as a result of stoichiometric differences of species combinations, and that increasing species richness would lead to greater ecosystem functioning through complementarity resulting from greater trait diversity.

Our results show that mussels affect the functioning of green and brown food webs through altering nutrient availability for both autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. These effects are likely to be driven by phylogenetic constraints on tissue nutrient stoichiometry and consequential excretion stoichiometry, which can have functional effects on ecosystem processes. Our study highlights the importance of measuring multiple functional responses across a gradient of diversity in ecologically similar consumers to gain a more holistic view of aquatic food webs.
Carbonate chimneys at the highly productive point Dume methane seep: Fine‐scale mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological heterogeneity reflects dynamic and long‐lived methane‐metabolizing habitats
Authors: Schroedl Peter , Silverstein Michael , DiGregorio Daisy , Blättler Clara L. , Loyd Sean , Bradbury Harold J. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Marlow Jeffrey 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethane is a potent greenhouse gas that enters the marine system in large quantities at seafloor methane seeps. At a newly discovered seep site off the coast of Point Dume, CA, ~ meter‐scale carbonate chimneys host microbial communities that exhibit the highest methane‐oxidizing potential recorded to date. Here, we provide a detailed assessment of chimney geobiology through correlative mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological studies of seven chimney samples in order to clarify the longevity and heterogeneity of these highly productive systems. U‐Th dating indicated that a methane‐driven carbonate precipitating system at Point Dume has existed for ~20 Kyr, while millimeter‐scale variations in carbon and calcium isotopic values, elemental abundances, and carbonate polymorphs revealed changes in carbon source, precipitation rates, and diagenetic processes throughout the chimneys' lifespan. Microbial community analyses revealed diverse modern communities with prominent anaerobic methanotrophs, sulfate‐reducing bacteria, and Anaerolineaceae; communities were more similar within a given chimney wall transect than in similar horizons of distinct structures. The chimneys represent long‐lived repositories of methane‐oxidizing communities and provide a window into how carbon can be transformed, sequestered, and altered over millennia at the Point Dume methane seep.
The tooth survival of non‐surgical root‐filled posterior teeth and the associated prognostic tooth‐related factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patel S. R. , Jarad F. , Moawad E. , Boland A. , Greenhalgh J. , Liu Maria , Maden Michelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of the survival of root‐filled posterior teeth and the associated prognostic tooth‐related factors will enable clinicians to predict the outcome of root canal treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate (i) the survival of root‐filled posterior teeth and (ii) the tooth‐related factors that may affect their survival.MethodsRandomized controlled trials, comparative studies and observational studies assessing survival rates of root‐filled posterior teeth with a minimum 4‐year follow‐up period were identified through an electronic search of the following databases up to January 2023: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Web of Science and NIHR centre for reviews and dissemination. Two reviewers (SP and ML) independently selected the final studies based on pre‐defined inclusion criteria. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials were used to assess the risk of bias. Pooled weighted survival rates were analysed using a random effects meta‐analysis model using DerSimonean and Laird methods. Descriptive analysis of studies describing any prognostic tooth‐related factors was conducted.ResultsOf the 72 studies identified, data from 20 studies were included in the survival meta‐analysis, and data from 13 of these studies were included in the descriptive analysis of tooth‐related factors; 12 studies were retrospective, 7 were prospective, and one was a randomized control trial. The pooled survival rates at 4–7 years and 8–20 years of root‐filled posterior teeth regardless of tooth type was 91% (95% CI, 0.85; 0.95) and 87% (95% CI, 0.77; 0.93), respectively. The prognostic tooth‐related factors mentioned in the included studies were (i) remaining coronal tooth structure, (ii) ferrule, (iii) crown‐to‐root ratio (iv) tooth type and location (v) periodontal disease (vi) proximal contacts and (vii) cracks.ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis suggests that root canal treatment has a high medium to long term survival outcome. The narrative summary identified 7 factors that affect tooth survival. However, there is a paucity of evidence, and more research is needed in this area.RegistrationPROSPERO Registration: CRD42021227213.
Comparative analysis of kokumi tastant intensity from mechanically deboned meat across three species through in vitro calcium‐sensing receptor activity
Authors: Kim Jihan , Deb‐Choudhury Santanu , Subbaraj Arvind , Realini Carolina E. , Ahmad Raise 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe emergence of kokumi sensation as a flavour enhancer prompted the search for cost effective and the sustainable production of kokumi flavour substances (KS), including small γ‐glutamyl peptides (GGP) and aromatic free amino acids (FAA). We sought to investigate the potential of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) from beef, mutton, lamb and venison for KS production through enzymatic γ‐glutamylation. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and in vitro calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) activity assays were utilised to identify GGPs and their kokumi intensity, respectively. The enzymatic method significantly increased GGP and FAA in all MDM samples with differences in individual peptides across the species. Notably, all four sources of MDM activated CaSR in a dose‐dependent manner, displaying varying potency and efficacy levels. Beef, lamb and mutton showed a similar range of higher potency, while venison exhibited lower potency but higher efficacy. The thermal stability of γ‐glutamylated beef samples, used as an exemplar, was confirmed at temperatures of 80 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C. Given these findings, MDM represents a promising substrate for KS production and warrants further investigation to assess its practical applicability for enhancing kokumi flavour in the food industry.
Estimated compared with actual plans of paediatric dental treatment performed under deep sedation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moskovitz Moti , Cohen‐Solal Eva , Efrat Kobi , Shmueli Aviv , Halperson Elinor , Ram Diana , Fux‐Noy Avia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlanning the extent of paediatric dental treatment under deep sedation is highly important, as the duration of the sedation should be limited to approximately 1 h, and the amount of local anesthesia is limited by the children's body weight.AimTo compare treatment plans estimated at initial examinations with actual dental treatments under intravenous deep sedation. We examined factors that could affect the differences.DesignFor this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from the medical records of all the children younger than 18 years who underwent dental treatment under intravenous deep sedation during 2019–2021 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry.ResultsIn total, 108 children were included. During the actual versus the estimated treatment under deep sedation, more teeth were treated (p < .001), and the treatment was more complex (p < .001). A longer waiting period for dental treatment was found to be correlated with a greater number of treated teeth than was estimated (p = .003) and with greater complexity of the actual than the estimated treatment (p = .003).ConclusionActual compared with estimated dental treatment under deep sedation involved more teeth and was of greater complexity. This suggests that referrals should include children with limited estimated treatment plans.
Clinical use of CRT‐D devices with left ventricular sensing: Impact of the desynchronization‐detection algorithm
Authors: Barold S. Serge , Kucher Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of CRT‐D devices with left ventricular (LV) sensing has created controversy about programming various parameters especially the left ventricular T wave protection (LVTP) designed to prevent the delivery of a pacing stimulus into the LV vulnerable period. Such devices are available from two manufacturers. This review focuses only on those provided by Biotronik. As the LVTP controls LV sensing, some investigators have advocated turning off the LVTP to prevent episodic desynchronization known a CRT pacing interrupt. However, LVTP off reduces but does not eliminate this type of desynchronization if triggering of an LV stimulus upon right ventricular sensing (RVs) is programmed on. Deactivation of the LVTP incurs loss of diagnostic data provided by CRT pacing interrupt itself. By choice, the occurrence of CRT pacing interrupt can be totally eliminated by appropriate programming of the LV upper rate interval, LVTP and triggering of an LV pacing event upon RVs. Various programmability options are available according to clinical circumstances. As a rule, clinical judgement must weigh the potential diagnostic benefit of preserving the LVTP capable of recording of episodic CRT pacing interrupt against the loss of diagnostic benefit when LVTP is programmed off (with or without triggering of an LV stimulus upon RVs).
Past‐President address: My journey in microbial ecology—footprints in the sand, island hopping, supply chains, and technology bridges
Authors: Langlois Gaytha A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper highlights and honors the connectivity among protistan researchers, using my own research journey as a backdrop, with attention to the supply chain of ideas, supporters, and other influencers who helped to shape and guide my career by sharing their ideas, protocols, skills, and enthusiasm. In looking back at the journey, the supply chain in my career has also included changes in the conceptual framework for my research studies, converging with a continuous flow of ideas and support from colleagues and mentors. To illustrate the complex map of ideas and supporters, this paper will examine technological advances, paradigm shifts in ecological constructs, geographical considerations, breakthroughs in peritrich biology, and the importance of an integrated perspective as we navigate the changing realities of today's scientific challenges.
LIVERSTAT for risk stratification for patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Leow Yong Wen , Chan Wah Loong , Lai Lee Lee , Mustapha Nik Raihan Nik , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Quiambao Ronald , Munteanu Mona , Chan Wah Kheong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimLIVERSTAT is an artificial intelligence‐based noninvasive test devised to screen for and provide risk stratification for metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by using simple blood biomarkers and anthropometric measurements. We aimed to study LIVERSTAT in patients with MAFLD and to explore its role for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of data from MAFLD patients who underwent a liver biopsy. Patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent transient elastography and had liver stiffness measurement (LSM) < 5 kPa were included as patients with no fibrosis. Among these patients, controlled attenuation parameter <248 dB/m was considered as no steatosis. The LIVERSTAT results were generated based on a proprietary algorithm, blinded to the histological and LSM data.ResultsThe data for 350 patients were analyzed (mean age 53 years, 45% male, advanced fibrosis 22%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and misclassification rate of LIVERSTAT to diagnose advanced fibrosis were 90%, 50%, 30%, 95%, and 42%, respectively. The corresponding rates for Fibrosis‐4 score (FIB4) were 56%, 83%, 44%, 89%, and 22%, respectively. When LSM was used as a second test, the corresponding rates for LIVERSTAT were 60%, 97%, 76%, 94%, and 8%, respectively, while the corresponding rates for FIB4 were 38%, 99%, 83%, 89%, and 11%, respectively.ConclusionLIVERSTAT had a higher negative predictive value compared with FIB4 and a lower misclassification rate compared with FIB4 when used in a two‐step approach in combination with LSM for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis.