bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Honey Bee Plants of Egypt
Authors: Abou-Shaara H.F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere are various plants with potential feeding importance to honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies as source of pollen, nectar or both. Selection of suitable regions for apiaries mainly depends on the availability of honey bee plants in the apiary region. Identifying honey bee plants in specific region is very essential for honey and pollen production from honey bee colonies. Lacking the information about the beneficial plants for honey bees including; plant name, flowering time and potential benefit to honey bee colonies could be considered as a limitation for beekeeping development. So far honey bee plants are not well studied in Egypt. This review paper presents potential honey bee plants in Egypt using the available publications. The studies on honey bee plants in Egypt were also reviewed. This work can be considered as a guide for beekeepers and researchers. Moreover, the presented plants here can be used in comparing honey bee plants of Egypt with other countries to get a better understanding of honey bee flora. More detailed investigations on honey bee plants are strongly required to be done at all Egyptian Governorates
Performance Assessment in Business of Agricultural Companies using Balanced Scorecard Model
Authors: Brezuleanu S. , Brezuleanu Carmen Olguţa , Brad I. , Iancu T. , Ciani A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe performance management is a strategic and integrated approach for long-time success of the activity of agricultural companies, by improving the performance of the organization, teams and individuals. In search of success, the performance management uses a variety of models, techniques and methods, some taken from other systems and improved and others of its own, focusing on strategy and differentiating features that provide a strong competitive advantage. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model identifies several dimensions of the organization, representing areas where organizations need to achieve results at department, team or individual level. According to the type of the agricultural company, there can be esential financial aspect, customers, internal processes, knowledge and learning, service quality, market share etc. The company under study, S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A., is representative in terms of ownership, farm and profile of the agricultural production in Moldavia region. According to the methodology developed, starting from the strategy of S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A. we identified the strategic objectives for each situation and the level of reaching the objectives using several indicators. In the second stage of the BSC analysis, the indicators are defined according to the management priorities of S.C. Agrocomplex Lunca Paşcani S.A. in four categories, corresponding to the four dimensions of the classical model: customer perspective, perspective of processes within the company, employee perspective and financial perspective
Kinetic properties of aryldialkylphosphatase immobilised on chitosan myristic acid nanogel
Authors: Mesbah Namini Seyede Maryam , Mohsenifar Afshin , Karami Rezvan , Rahmani-Cherati Tavoos , Shojaei Taha Roodbar , Tabatabaei Meisam 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOrganophosphorus (OP) compounds are extensively used in agricultural practice for pest management. However, their residues have a long half-life in the ecosystem as well as in the agro-products, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Aryldialkylphosphatase (EC 3.1.8.1) is widely used in detoxification procedures. In the present study, aryldialkylphosphatase was immobilised on synthesised cross-linked nano-sized gel particles, also known as nanogels, in order to enhance the enzyme’s physicochemical properties. Accordingly, a new nanogel consisting of chitosan and myristic acid (CMA nanogel) was synthesised and characterised by way of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aryldialkylphosphatase-CMA nanogel conjugate was then assayed by FTIR, and its physicochemical characteristics were also investigated. The data obtained from SEM and TEM showed the nanogels to be homogenous spherical particles less than 50 nm in diameter. The proper formation of the nanogel and nanobioconjugate was also confirmed by FTIR spectra. In comparison with the free enzyme, the pH and thermal stability of the aryldialkylphosphatase were enhanced by the covalent immobilisation. Moreover, the immobilised enzyme could maintain approximately half of its activity over more than one month. The kinetic parameters of the aryldialkylphosphatase- CMA nanogel conjugate were also shown to undergo remarkable improvements, hence the synthesised CMA-nanogel could act as a promising support for aryldialkylphosphatase immobilisation. It is suggested that the aryldialkylphosphatase-CMA nanogel could be used for detoxifying paraoxon; a nerve agent. Further clinical experiments are underway.
The extended Bloch group
and algebraic K-theory
Authors: Zickert Christian K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We define an extended Bloch group for an arbitrary field
F, and show that this group is naturally isomorphic to

K
3
ind

(
F
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(F)$

if F is a number field.
This gives an explicit description of

K
3
ind

(
F
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(F)$

in terms of generators and relations. We give a concrete formula for the regulator, and derive concrete symbol expressions generating the torsion. As an application, we show that a hyperbolic 3-manifold with finite volume and invariant trace field k has a fundamental class

[
M
]

$[M]$

in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

⊗
ℤ

[

1
2

]

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)\otimes \mathbb {Z}[\frac{1}{2}]$

. If M is closed,

2
[
M
]

$2[M]$

is well defined in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)$

, and if M has cusps,

8
[
M
]

$8[M]$

is well defined in

K
3
ind

(
k
)

$K_3^{\operatorname{ind}}(k)$

.
Public transportation accessibility in the Katowice conurbation, Poland
Authors: Soczówka Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article is devoted to the issue of accessibility of public transportation in the area of the Katowice conurbation. The scope of the research was local mass transit, that is tram, trolleybus and bus transportation. The research area, was established on the basis of the shape created by the transport network, and included 48 communities located in the central part of the Silesian voivodeship. In its model depiction, public transportation accessibility was treated as one of three interconnecting aspects, along with the infrastructural development and the offer level. In research on spatial accessibility, the method of model equidistances that replace the isochrones of distance to a stop was applied. The best accessibility to this service was observed in Siemianowice Śląskie, while the worst was in the community of Wielowieś. The research results have revealed significant discrepancies between public transportation accessibility itself, and the level offered. Research on the time of transit to the centre was performed with the use of an indicator constructed with the help of the point and rank method and this showed that the best accessibility to the centre was observed in Chorzów. The research on the time of transit between community centres was performed for all the communities with the use of direct connections and transfers. The shortest average time of transit was characteristic for Katowice, whereas the longest was in the community of Pilchowice. The research on transportation connections of public transportation completed the picture of accessibility. A measure of these connections was established as an average total number of inter-community connections for all days of the week. Katowice was characteristic of the best spatially developed network of connections whereas the most developed connections were observed between Katowice and Chorzów. The comparison of public transportation accessibility in the system of communities was performed with the quality classification method, on the basis of four previously characterized meters. According to the synthetic indicator, the best accessibility was in Katowice and the worst in the rural community of Bobrowniki. The results of the conducted research have confirmed the presence of dependence between accessibility and population density – the higher the population, the better the accessibility. They also indicate that in the research on accessibility, the role of time is not to be neglected – the research area being an example, where despite the transportation network covering a territory of almost 3 thousand km2, the real possibilities for moving are much lower due to the time of transit.
The typology of the nature values in the mining towns on the examples from the region of the Rybnik Coal Area
Authors: Pukowiec Katarzyna , Kurda Wojciech 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nature’s resources having a usability attribute are nature values – if they are able to provide for human demands that are being exploited. This article relates to the environmental potential of mining and post – mining areas as well as possibilities of its use in the development of tourisms and recreation. An original typology of the nature value and the assessment of the tourist usability of environment of chosen mining towns of the Rybnik Coal Area – Wodzisław Śląski, Radlin, Rydułtowy, and Pszów are presented in this work. The Rybnik Coal Area is situated in the southern Poland, in a south-west part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. A geological substratum consists of Carboniferous rocks with a hard coal layer exploited from the end of 18th century, but more intensively in the last half-century. In all of the researched towns, hard coal mining is still running and anthropogenic processes changing the environment are taking place. An inventory of natural resources was performed during the direct field work in the years 2010-2011. The nature values were catalogued in a typological way according to the elements of the environment from which they result, focusing on the mining character of the research areas. Therefore, geologic, geomorphologic, hydrologic and biotic (of flora and fauna) have been highlighted, while climatic values have been omitted intentionally due to the vast issue of the assessment of the bioclimatic zone potential. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic elements were distinguished in each group of the values. Due to a significant degree of anthropogenic transformations of the environment, the analysed area is characterised by low environmental attractiveness; tourism and recreation play a marginal role there. Among the nature values of the analysed towns, the geologic qualities are the most significant ones. Therefore, geotourism is the form of tourist activity suggested to revive the region. The greatest potential for the development of geotourism is shown by Pszów, Radlin, Rydułtowy. The development and popularisation of geoturism should be included in the planning documents of the towns mentioned above. In order to increase tourist movement, it is suggested to mark up so-called academic-didactic paths and to mark geotourist object with appropriate information signs and more importantly with the development of infrastructure serving tourism and recreation.
Influence of morphology on the ventilation of polluted areas – a case study from Rybnik Plateau, Poland
Authors: Radosz Jolanta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the present study an attempt was made to determine the degree of effective ventilation of the valleys in the area of the Rybnik Plateau, based on the example of the environs of Jastrzębie Zdrój, a city with high air pollution. For the analysis of the conditions of airing of valleys the areas with different physico-geographical characteristics, primarily in terms of density of the valley network, origin and morphology of the valleys, and type of surface deposits were selected. 49 cross-valley profiles were drawn for the selected valleys; on the basis of the profiles the following parameters were calculated: the distances between the edges of each valley, valley bottom width, and depth of the valleys. The degree of ventilation of each valley was calculated after the formulae of Kaps (1955) and Błażejczyk (1975). The lowest values of the index of effective ventilation were recorded almost in all main loessial valleys in the southern part of the area. This indicates their weak or even extremely weak degree of ventilation. The valleys in the remaining area, open predominantly to N and E, are most commonly aired to a sufficient degree. This is determined by their morphology, especially smaller depth, smaller relative heights and higher mean wind speed. The example presented in this study shows that the index of effective ventilation, even if it is calculated for a relatively small area, reflects the characteristics of the local environment extremely well which is relevant from the perspective of the movement of contaminated air.
The role of anthropogenic water reservoirs within the landscapes of mining areas – a case study from the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Authors: Jaruchiewicz Ewelina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A few thousand anthropogenic water reservoirs can be found in the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basis (USCB) located in southern Poland. In this paper the role of such anthropogenic lakes in the landscape of the western part of the USCB was presented and illustrated with the example of Knurów, a mining city, and its immediate surrounding area. The study of landscape changes in this area was carried out on the basis of archival and contemporary cartographic materials, historical sources, and interviews with inhabitants and direct field observations. It was found that the origin of the majority of the water reservoirs is related to hard coal, clay and sand mining. They were created primarily as a result of filling subsidence basins and post-mining excavations with water, as well as being the result of the construction of various hydro-technical facilities (settling ponds, fire protection water reservoirs, etc.) In the study area the anthropogenic water reservoirs are of different sizes, shapes and durability and play different roles in the environment. Between 1884 and 2001 their number increased 25-fold, while at the same time their total surface area increased more than 8-fold. The role of the newly created water reservoirs in the landscape primarily involves the transformation of the existing terrestrial ecosystems into wetland ecosystems. The agro-forestry landscape of the late 19th century was transformed into a typically anthropogenic landscape with a dominant share of water reservoirs, settlement ponds and mining waste heaps. The most common species of plants around the water reservoirs are Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans, Lemna sp., Acorus calamus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Glyceria aquatica. The most valuable elements of the flora include Trapa natans and Ruppia maritima, species recognized in Poland as threatened with extinction. Changes in the vegetation cover can be considered favourable since the analysed area is currently characterised by greater biodiversity. Reservoirs are in general positively perceived by residents and used for recreational purposes.
Processes of economic restructuring and functional transformations of an industrial city based on the city of Żory, Poland
Authors: Magda-Żabińska Krystyna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For decades the Silesian voivodeship has played a key role in the development of the economy of Poland. Its central area is occupied by an old industrial region which has been developed since the 19th century on the basis of coal mining and the processing of iron, zinc and lead ores. As a result of the political transformation of the country, after 1989, the region was faced with a difficult economic situation – a significant reduction in production was recorded and numerous unprofitable obsolete mines and steelworks were decommissioned. Since then, the economy of the Silesian region has been subject to restructuring and revitalization. This article presents this process as illustrated by a representative city – Żory. This is one of the oldest cities in the region which was established in the Middle Ages (1272). For centuries, its inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, fish breeding and trade. Its industrial development started with the construction of the ironworks at the beginning of the 19th century, but the investments after the Second World War were of greatest importance to the city. At that time the “Fadom” factory, two hard coal mines – “Żory” and “Krupiński” – and a plant known as Zakład Tworzyw Sztucznych ERG (Synthetic Fibres Works “ERG”) were constructed. After the political and economic changes of 1989 the economy of the city required urgent restructuring. The change of the function of the city of Żory proceeded gradually, but the creation of economic areas and zones, especially the establishment of the Jastrzębie Zdrój and Żory Subzone of the Katowice Special Economic Zone (1996) and Żory Industrial Park (2004), were of crucial importance to the development of the city. Over the past 20 years the city of Żory has changed from a city dependent on the extractive industries, without signs of a developed urban infrastructure, to a centre of a varied structure of production. Employment in industry and construction decreased from 65.5% to 36.3%, and doubled in the case of services. The private sector currently comprises 75% of all economic entities – most of the companies are small or medium-sized enterprises up to 250 employees.
Revitalisation of spoil tips and socio-economic polarisation – a case study of Ruhr area (Germany)
Authors: Chmielewska Marta , Otto Marius 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses issues about the revitalisation of spoil tips, socio-economic polarisation and social exclusion in the field of municipal recreational activities based on an example of the largest post-industrial region in Europe – the Ruhr area in Germany. Revitalisation of brownfield areas very often leads to the creation of leisure facilities of various types (with a range of entrance fees) and because of this it may mitigate, or exacerbate, the severity of these negative phenomena. In the Ruhr area there are 104 spoil tips of different origins (mine tips, slag heaps, rubbish dumps), sizes and shapes (from conical heaps, through table mountains shaped tips and intentionally shaped for landscape tips, to major tips) and state of preservation. The research has shown that it is possible to use the majority of these spoil tips in the Ruhr area (87 of them) as leisure facilities as they have been changed into green areas, parks, playgrounds, locations for sports activities and tourist attractions after their restoration. Furthermore, they are mostly accessible free of charge and may serve a wide range of people – from locals to visitors, from children to senior citizens etc., regardless of their income. As such they may mitigate the socio-economic polarisation tendencies in the region.
Intentional introduction of Biscutella laevigata L. on the post-flotation lead-zinc ore spoil heap in Piekary Śląskie (Upper Silesia, Southern Poland)
Authors: Rostański Adam 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an account of the successful intentional introduction of the mountain species Biscutella laevigata to a lowland locality, as a result of field experiment - biological management at the toxic “Dołki” washery spoil heap (Lead and Zinc Ore Main and Factory) ZGH “Orzeł Biały” (Upper Silesia – Southern Poland). The aim of the presented study was to test the effectiveness possibilities of using the blend of seeds including a metallophyte – Biscutella laevigata seeds. The introduction of Biscutella laevigata was a part of an experiment which began in 2009-2010 with plots on the "Dolki" washery spoil heap. The tested seeds of Biscutella laevigata were examined for germination, growth and development in sites highly polluted with heavy metals. Biscutella laevigata appeared on two experimental plots. After 4 years there were numerous individuals of Biscutella – dozens of plants in various stages of development and phenology. Development of a Biscutella population from year to year (2 plants in 2010 – 58 plants in 2014) is larger and tends to increase. Biscutella individuals are spreading outside the designated test plots. The obtained results indicate that on sites highly polluted with heavy metals it is possible to perform a successful introduction of Biscutella laevgata population (increase from 2 individuals in 2010 to 58 individuals in 2014) from seeds. These results are also promising in terms of application as a new reclamation method.
Mineral carbonation of metallurgical slags
Authors: Kasina Monika , Kowalski Piotr R. , Michalik Marek 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere number of methods are being proposed to mitigate the risk of climate change. One of them is mineral carbonation. Blast furnace and steel making slags are co-products of metallurgical processes composed of minerals which represent appropriate source of cations required for mineral carbonation. Experimental studies were performed to determine the potential use of slags in this process. Obtained results indicate that steel making slag can be a useful material in CO2 capture procedures. Slag components dissolved in water are bonded as stable carbonates in the reaction with CO2 from ambient air. In case of blast furnace slag, the reaction is very slow and minerals are resistant to chemical changes. More time is needed for minerals dissolution and release of cations essential for carbonate crystallisation and thus makes blast furnace slags less favourable in comparison with steel making slag.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(µ2-chlorido)-bis(N-ethyl,N-hydroxyethylcarbamodithioato-κ2S,S')bismuth(III) monohydrate], C10H22BiClN2O3S4
Authors: Jamaluddin Nur Amirah , Baba Ibrahim , Halim Nadiah Abdul , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract C10H22BiClN2O3S4, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 8.1121(4) Å, b = 10.8634(5) Å, c = 20.7900(9) Å, V = 1832.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0278, wRref(F2) = 0.0574, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 2,2'-biqinoline-κ2N,N')dichloromercury(II), C18H12Cl2HgN2
Authors: Shirvan Sadif A. , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Zare Karim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract C18H12Cl2HgN2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.442(1) Å, b = 16.094(1) Å, c = 7.585(1) Å, β = 96.26(1)°, V = 1631.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0458, wRref(F2) = 0.0813, T = 298 K.