bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways to Healing: Person-centered Responses to Complementary Services
Authors: Johnson Mary B. , Bertrand Sharon W. , Fermon Barbara , Coleman Julie Foley 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: This research study assessed perceived changes in quality-of-life measures related to participation in complementary services consisting of a variety of nontraditional therapies and/or programs at Pathways: A Health Crisis Resource Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Design: Survey data were used to assess perceived changes participants ascribed to their experience with complementary services at Pathways. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using participant demographics together with participant ratings of items from the “Self-Assessment of Change” (SAC) measure developed at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Qualitative data analysis was conducted on written responses to an additional survey question: “To what extent has your participation at Pathways influenced your healing process?” Setting/Location: Pathways offers a variety of services, including one-to-one sessions using nontradition-al healing therapies, support groups, educational classes, and practice groups such as yoga and meditation for those facing serious health challenges. These services are offered free of charge through community financial support using volunteer practitioners. Participants: People (126) diagnosed with serious health challenges who used Pathways services from 2007 through 2009. Interventions: Participation in self-selected Pathways services. Measures: Responses to items on the SAC measure plus written responses to the question, “To what extent has your participation at Pathways influenced your healing process?” Results: Quantitative findings: Participants reported experiencing significant changes across all components of the SAC measure. Qualitative findings: Responses to the open-ended survey question identified perspectives on the culture of Pathways and a shift in participants’ perceptions of well-being based on their experience of Pathways services. Conclusions: Participation in services provided by the Pathways organization improved perceptions of quality of life and well-being and led to more active involvement in the experience of a healing process.
Double ridges on Europa accommodate some of the missing surface contraction
Authors: Culha Cansu , Hayes Alexander G. , Manga Michael , Thomas Amanda M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCrosscutting relationships of tectonic lineaments on Europa record the history of surface deformation. We mapped the displacement and orientation of older features crosscut by two types of lineaments: bands and double ridges. These measurements allow us to determine both the strike‐perpendicular and strike‐parallel displacement along investigated features. Double ridges record both ridge‐perpendicular contraction and expansion, with a mean of 0.16 ± 0.06 km (needs space) of contraction based on the analysis of 16 double ridges. Bands record expansion, with a mean of 3.33 ± 0.27 km for the six bands analyzed, but with perpendicular displacement less than their apparent morphologic widths of 3–24 km. The implied global surface strain for double ridges (including those that expand) and bands is 2.22 ± 0.76% contraction and 7.60 ± 3.7% expansion, respectively. Double ridges thus may accommodate part of the surface expansion recorded by bands. Most current models for double ridges do not predict contraction. The models that satisfy the observations for bands are “slow‐spreading” models, cryovolcanism, and folding.
Annual patterns and budget of CO2 flux in an Arctic tussock tundra ecosystem
Authors: Oechel Walter C. , Laskowski Cheryl A. , Burba George , Gioli Beniamino , Kalhori Aram A. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe functioning of Arctic ecosystems is not only critically affected by climate change, but it also has the potential for major positive feedback on climate. There is, however, relatively little information on the role, patterns, and vulnerabilities of CO2 fluxes during the nonsummer seasons in Arctic ecosystems. Presented here is a year‐round study of CO2 fluxes in an Alaskan Arctic tussock tundra ecosystem, and key environmental controls on these fluxes. Important controls on fluxes vary by season. This paper also presents a new empirical quantification of seasons in the Arctic based on net radiation. The fluxes were computed using standard FluxNet methodology and corrected using standard Webb‐Pearman‐Leuning density terms adjusted for influences of open‐path instrument surface heating. The results showed that the nonsummer season comprises a significant source of carbon to the atmosphere. The summer period was a net sink of 24.3 g C m−2, while the nonsummer seasons released 37.9 g C m−2. This release is 1.6 times the summer uptake, resulting in a net annual source of +13.6 g C m−2 to the atmosphere. These findings support early observations of a change in this particular region of the Arctic from a long‐term annual sink of CO2 to an annual source from the terrestrial ecosystem and soils to the atmosphere. The results presented here demonstrate that nearly continuous observations may be required in order to accurately calculate the annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange of Arctic ecosystems and to build predictive understanding that can be used to estimate, with confidence, Arctic fluxes under future conditions.
Expression of protease‐activated receptors in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ebert Charles S. , McKinney Kibwei A. , Urrutia Gene , Wu Michael , Rose Austin S. , Fleischman Gita M. , Thorp Brian , Senior Brent A. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe etiology of the intense inflammatory response showed by patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) remains a mystery. Potential sources of this inflammation may include fungal proteases. Protease‐activated receptors (PARs) are components of the innate immune response that are modulated by proteolytic activity and are involved in potentiating T helper 2 (Th2) responses. The objective of the study was to determine whether there is differential expression of PARs in patients with AFRS compared to controls.MethodsThe study was designed as a comparison of gene expression profiles in patients with AFRS vs diseased and nondiseased controls. Twenty‐five patients were enrolled. Patients with AFRS (n = 15) were compared to nondiseased controls (n = 5) undergoing minimally invasive pituitary surgery (MIPS) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP, n = 5) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Ethmoid mucosa RNA was hybridized to 4×44K microarray chips. Four gene probes (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4) were used to assess for differential expression. A linear‐mixed model was used to account for some patients having multiple samples. Significance level was determined at p < 0.05.ResultsOf the 4 probes, only PAR3 showed statistically significant differential expression between AFRS and nondiseased control samples (p = 0.03) as well as a 2.21‐fold change. No additional statistical difference in PAR expression among the comparison groups was noted.ConclusionPARs have been shown to enhance production of inflammatory cytokines and potentiate Th2 responses. In this initial report, patients with AFRS have a significantly increased expression of PAR3 compared to nondiseased controls.
An Order–Disorder Ferroelectric Host–Guest Inclusion Compound
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ye Heng‐Yun , Fu Da‐Wei , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe host–guest complex [(DIPA)([18]crown‐6)](ClO4) (1; DIPA=2,6‐diisopropylanilinium) was constructed and found to undergo a sequence of phase transitions (Ibam–Pbcn–Pna21) at T1=278 K and T2=132 K, respectively. Systematic characterizations, such as differential scanning calorimetry, heat capacity, temperature‐dependent dielectric constant, and P–E hysteresis loop, reveal that the centrosymmetric‐to‐polar phase transition at T2 is a paraelectric‐to‐ferroelectric transition. The symmetry breaking was also confirmed by temperature‐dependent second‐harmonic generation effect and X‐ray powder diffraction. The ferroelectric mechanism is attributable to the linear motion of the perchlorate counterions accompanied by the order–disorder transition of the [18]crown‐6 molecules and the anions.
A Bis(dipyridophenazine)(2‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) Complex with Anticancer Action upon Photodeprotection
Authors: Joshi Tanmaya , Pierroz Vanessa , Mari Cristina , Gemperle Lea , Ferrari Stefano , Gasser Gilles 
Published: February 2014

AbstractImproving the selectivity of anticancer drugs towards cancer cells is one of the main goals of drug optimization; the prodrug strategy has been one of the most promising. A light‐triggered prodrug strategy is presented as an efficient approach for controlling cytotoxicity of the substitutionally inert cytotoxic complex [Ru(dppz)2(CppH)](PF6)2 (C1; CppH=2‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid; dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine). Attachment of a photolabile 3‐(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐butyl (DMNPB) ester (“photocaging”) makes the otherwise active complex C1 innocuous to both cancerous (HeLa and U2OS) and non‐cancerous (MRC‐5) cells. The cytotoxic action can be successfully unleashed in living cells upon light illumination (350 nm), reaching similar level of activity as the parent cytotoxic compound C1. This is the first substitutionally inert cytotoxic metal complex to be used as a light‐triggered prodrug candidate.
Crystal Engineering of an nbo Topology Metal–Organic Framework for Chemical Fixation of CO2 under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Gao Wen‐Yang , Chen Yao , Niu Youhong , Williams Kia , Cash Lindsay , Perez Pastor J. , Wojtas Lukasz , Cai Jianfeng , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Ma Shengqian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCrystal engineering of the nbo metal–organic framework (MOF) platform MOF‐505 with a custom‐designed azamacrocycle ligand (1,4,7,10‐tetrazazcyclododecane‐N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetra‐p‐methylbenzoic acid) leads to a high density of well‐oriented Lewis active sites within the cuboctahedral cage in MMCF‐2, [Cu2(Cu‐tactmb)(H2O)3(NO3)2]. This MOF demonstrates high catalytic activity for the chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates at room temperature under 1 atm pressure.
Totalsynthese Resveratrol‐basierter Naturstoffe mittels palladiumkatalysierter decarboxylierender Arylierung und oxidativer Heck‐Reaktion
Authors: Klotter Felix , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEin neuartiges modulares Konzept für den kontrollierten Zugang zu racemischen Resveratrol‐basierten Naturstoffen wird beschrieben. Ausgehend von nur einem leicht zugänglichen Baustein können durch palladiumkatalysierte decarboxylierende Arylierung und oxidative Heck‐Reaktion strukturell entscheidende Arylreste variabel eingeführt werden. Die Schlüsselschritte laufen dabei in guter Ausbeute und mit hoher Selektivität ab. Das modulare Konzept wird am Beispiel der Totalsynthese von drei Resveratrol‐basierten Naturstoffen (Quadrangularin A, Ampelopsin D und Pallidol) belegt.
Regulation of the Cyanobacterial Circadian Clock by Electrochemically Controlled Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Lu Yue , Nishio Koichi , Matsuda Shoichi , Toshima Yuki , Ito Hiroshi , Konno Tomohiro , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Kato Souichiro , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere is growing awareness that circadian clocks are closely related to the intracellular redox state across a range of species. As the redox state is determined by the exchange of the redox species, electrochemically controlled extracellular electron transfer (EC‐EET), a process in which intracellular electrons are exchanged with extracellular electrodes, is a promising approach for the external regulation of circadian clocks. Herein, we discuss whether the circadian clock can be regulated by EC‐EET using the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 as a model system. In vivo monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence revealed that the redox state of the plastoquionone pool could be controlled with EC‐EET by simply changing the electrode potential. As a result, the endogenous circadian clock of S. elongatus cells was successfully entrained through periodically modulated EC‐EET by emulating the natural light/dark cycle, even under constant illumination conditions. This is the first example of regulating the biological clock by electrochemistry.
Turning Tryptophanase into Odor‐Generating Biosensors
Authors: Xu Yaqin , Zhang Zhuyuan , Ali M. Monsur , Sauder Joanna , Deng Xudong , Giang Karen , Aguirre Sergio D. , Pelton Robert , Li Yingfu , Filipe Carlos D. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn odor‐based sensor system that exploits the metabolic enzyme tryptophanase (TPase) as the key component is reported. This enzyme is able to convert an odorless substrate like S‐methyl‐L‐cysteine or L‐tryptophan into the odorous products methyl mercaptan or indole. To make a biosensor, TPase was biotinylated so that it could be coupled with a molecular recognition element, such as an antibody, to develop an ELISA‐like assay. This method was used for the detection of an antibody present in nM concentrations by the human nose. TPase can also be combined with the enzyme pyridoxal kinase (PKase) for use in a coupled assay to detect adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP). When ATP is present in the low μM concentration range, the coupled enzymatic system generates an odor that is easily detectable by the human nose. Biotinylated TPase can be combined with various biotin‐labeled molecular recognition elements, thereby enabling a broad range of applications for this odor‐based reporting system.
Total Synthesis of Resveratrol‐Based Natural Products Using a Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation and an Oxidative Heck Reaction
Authors: Klotter Felix , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2014

AbstractControlled access to resveratrol‐based natural products is offered by a novel, modular concept. A common building block readily available on a large scale serves as the starting material for the introduction of structurally important aryl groups by a Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative arylation and an oxidative Heck reaction with good yields and high stereoselectivity. The modular approach is convincingly documented by the successful synthesis of three racemic resveratrol‐based natural products (quadrangularin A, ampelopsin D, and pallidol).
Controlled drug delivery studies of biological macromolecules: Sodium alginate and lignosulphonic acid films
Authors: Reddy S. Giridhar , Pandit Akanksha Saxena 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe ciprofloxacin (CPX)‐loaded blends made of sodium alginate and lignosulfonic acid (LS) were prepared by solution casting method in the ratio of 80/20. The blends were crosslinked for different intervals of time to control the drug release. The drug release was investigated for 24 hours in different pH medium (1, 4, 7, and 9). It was confirmed that drug release is controlled by diffusion through the polymer matrix followed by the erosion of the polymer. The pH of the surrounding medium influences the drug solubility, swelling, and degradation rate of the polymer and therefore the overall drug release process. The blend shows minimal drug release at pH 1 and 9, whereas moderate release at pH 4, but rapid release at pH 7. Further FTIR, XRD, and SEM characterization are carried, to confirm the chemical‐interaction, crystallization effects, and compatibility between the blend matrixes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40442.
Electrostatic immobilization of cetylpyridinium chloride to poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for the simple fabrication of wound dressings with the suppressed release of antibacterial agents
Authors: Yunoki Shunji , Kohta Masushi , Ohyabu Yoshimi , Sekiguchi Masayuki , Kubo Takabumi , Iwasaki Tetsuji 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPolymeric systems for antibacterial wound dressings require chemical reactions or syntheses for attaching or incorporating antibacterial moieties into polymer backbones. However, these materials often fail to satisfy the basic requirements, such as easy and inexpensive synthesis. We speculated that a positively charged organic antibacterial agent would be attracted to the polar groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels and would show suppressed release. PVA hydrogels containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were prepared by γ irradiation. CPC was barely released from the hydrogels, probably because of electrostatic interactions, and was stable upon γ irradiation. The suppressed release of CPC conferred antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli to the surface of the hydrogels, whereas no inhibition zone was observed around the hydrogels. The CPC‐containing PVA hydrogels were easy to prepare and contained known and safe materials. The simplicity and safety of this procedure for achieving the suppressed release of antibacterial agents were advantages of these CPC‐containing PVA hydrogels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40456.
Natural and synthetic polymers for water treatment against dissolved pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ahmed Abd El‐Shafey I. , Moustafa Hamed Y. , El‐Masry Ahmed M. , Hassan Salah A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDissolved pharmaceuticals were removed by adsorption on some natural and synthetic polymers. Cellulose, chitosan, and sodium alginate were selected as examples of natural polymers while a synthetic copolymer of epichlorohydrin and urea was prepared for comparison. Water contaminated with some antibiotics was treated with these polymers using stirred flask and column methods. The particles size of the investigated materials was increased up to 2 mm diameter by converting them into beads. Combinations of polymers, natural or synthetic, were used together to improve their behavior. The synthetic polymer has shown better removal effect than that of natural ones. It has removed up to 75% of the drug in 6 h. Chitosan was the best natural polymers in removing dissolved drugs; up to 13% of the drug has been removed by it. The recycling properties of the polymers loaded with drugs were examined and up to 9% of the drug was successfully restored. In addition, fully loaded dry beads with drugs were grounded and recycled in an ointment as blends. Moreover, the swelling behavior of the beads in different mediums and under different conditions was examined. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40458.
Facile preparation of soluble and conductive polyaniline in the presence of lignosulfonate and a constant magnetic field (0.4 T)
Authors: Zheng Jiyue , Ma Li , Gan Mengyu , Yan Jun , Li Zhitao , Shen Xiaoyu , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA convenient and economical method for preparing soluble conductive polyaniline nanoparticles is introduced in this article. Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by utilizing a renewable resource calcium lignosulfonate (LS) as dopant in the presence (PANI‐LS‐M) and absence (PANI‐LS‐A) of a constant magnetic field (MF). Their structures and properties were systematically studied. Compared with PANI‐LS‐A, the PANI‐LS‐M exhibited a much higher conductivity, solubility, and thermo stability, which was due to the effective doping of the LS caused by the stretching and orientation effects of the MF. The conductivity of the PANI‐LS‐M (20.2 S/cm), which was prepared in the presence of a MF (0.4 T) with a polymerization yield of as much as 96%, was increased by four times compared with that of the PANI‐LS‐A (4.9 S/cm). Meanwhile, the solubility of the PANI‐LS‐M was two times higher than that of the PANI‐LS‐A in solvents such as NMP, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, formic acid, and acetidin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40467.
Determination of temperatures of polyamide 66 directly from near‐infrared spectra
Authors: Kuda‐Malwathumullage Chamathca P. S. , Small Gary W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe commercial importance of polyamides (PAs) motivates the development of chemical analysis tools for use in characterizing their structure and properties. Near‐infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers advantages in this regard because of its simplicity of sample preparation and compatibility with sample thicknesses on the order of millimeters. For applications in which the measurement of sample temperature is difficult with a conventional probe, the work presented here demonstrates the ability to determine the temperature of PA 66 directly from its near‐IR spectrum. Temperature‐induced changes in spectral shape in the 4000–5000 cm−1 region are extracted through application of the discrete wavelet transform, and the resulting preprocessed spectra are submitted to partial least‐squares regression to construct predictive models for temperature. These models are tested across different samples of PA 66 and over a time span of 7 weeks. Errors in predicted temperatures averaged 1.50°C over the range of 21–105°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40476.
The Big Picture at Hollywood: Geophysical and Archaeological Investigations at a Mississippian Mound Centre
Authors: Haley Bryan S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHollywood Mounds is a late Mississippian mound centre located in northwestern Mississippi, USA. Although only four mounds are visible today topographically, prospection techniques have revealed additional mounds and other buried features that extend well beyond the site core. These features were burned, which allows them to produce high‐contrast magnetic gradient anomalies. By augmenting this data with an efficient excavation strategy, the sequence of this unique cultural landscape has been reconstructed. These findings provide insight into the development of a Mississippian mound centre in this area – results that would not be possible without archaeological prospection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism of Halogenated Alkanes by Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Aerobic Oxidation versus Anaerobic Reduction
Authors: Ji Li , Zhang Jing , Liu Weiping , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe cytochromes P450 are a large class of heme‐containing enzymes that catalyze a broad range of chemical reactions in biosystems, mainly through oxygen‐atom transfer to substrates. A relatively unknown reaction catalyzed by the P450s, but very important for human health, is the activation of halogenated substrates, which may lead to toxicity problems. However, its catalytic mechanism is currently unknown and, therefore, we performed a detailed computational study. To gain insight into the metabolism of halogenated compounds by P450 enzymes, we have investigated the oxidative and reductive P450‐mediated activation of tetra‐ and trichloromethane as halogenated models with density functional theory (DFT) methods. We propose an oxidative halosylation mechanism for CCl4 under aerobic conditions by Compound I of P450, which follows the typical Groves‐type rebound mechanism. By contrast, the metabolism of CHCl3 occurs preferentially via an initial hydrogen‐atom abstraction rather than halosylation. Kinetic isotope effect studies should, therefore, be able to distinguish the mechanistic pathways of CCl4 versus CHCl3. We find a novel mechanism that is different from the well accepted P450 substrate activation mechanisms reported previously. Moreover, the studies highlight the substrate specific activation pathways by P450 enzymes leading to different products. These reactivity differences are rationalized using Marcus theory equations, which reproduce experimental product distributions.