bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Base Binding Strength and Base Stacking Interaction of DNA Duplex Using Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Zhang Tian-biao , Zhang Chang-lin , Dong Zai-li , Guan Yi-fu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs one of the most crucial properties of DNA, the structural stability and the mechanical strength are attracting a great attention. Here, we take advantage of high force resolution and high special resolution of Atom Force Microscope and investigate the mechanical force of DNA duplexes. To evaluate the base pair hydrogen bond strength and base stacking force in DNA strands, we designed two modes (unzipping and stretching) for the measurement rupture forces. Employing k-means clustering algorithm, the ruptured force are clustered and the mean values are estimated. We assessed the influence of experimental parameters and performed the force evaluation for DNA duplexes of pure dG/dC and dA/dT base pairs. The base binding strength of single dG/dC and single dA/dT were estimated to be 20.0 ± 0.2 pN and 14.0 ± 0.3 pN, respectively and the base stacking interaction was estimated to be 2.0 ± 0.1 pN. Our results provide valuable information about the quantitative evaluation of the mechanical properties of the DNA duplexes.
Magnetic bubblecade memory based on chiral domain walls
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Woong , Kim Duck-Ho , Yoo Sang-Cheol , Je Soong-Geun , Chun Byong Sun , Kim Wondong , Min Byoung-Chul , Hwang Chanyong , Choe Sug-Bong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnidirectional motion of magnetic domain walls is the key concept underlying next-generation domain-wall-mediated memory and logic devices. Such motion has been achieved either by injecting large electric currents into nanowires or by employing domain-wall tension induced by sophisticated structural modulation. Herein, we demonstrate a new scheme without any current injection or structural modulation. This scheme utilizes the recently discovered chiral domain walls, which exhibit asymmetry in their speed with respect to magnetic fields. Because of this asymmetry, an alternating magnetic field results in the coherent motion of the domain walls in one direction. Such coherent unidirectional motion is achieved even for an array of magnetic bubble domains, enabling the design of a new device prototype—magnetic bubblecade memory—with two-dimensional data-storage capability.
Photon hopping and nanowire based hybrid plasmonic waveguide and ring-resonator
Authors: Gu Zhiyuan , Liu Shuai , Sun Shang , Wang Kaiyang , Lyu Quan , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNanowire based hybrid plasmonic structure plays an important role in achieving nanodevices, especially for the wide band-gap materials. However, the conventional schemes of nanowire based devices such as nano-resonators are usually isolated from the integrated nano-network and have extremely low quality (Q) factors. Here we demonstrate the transmission of waves across a gap in hybrid plasmonic waveguide, which is termed as “photon hopping”. Based on the photon hopping, we show that the emissions from nanodevices can be efficiently collected and conducted by additional nanowires. The collection ratio can be higher than 50% for a wide range of separation distance, transverse shift and tilt. Moreover, we have also explored the possibility of improving performances of individual devices by nano-manipulating the nanowire to a pseudo-ring. Our calculations show that both Q factor and Purcell factor have been increased by more than an order of magnitude. We believe that our researches will be essential to forming nanolasers and the following nano-networks.
Data Availability for Red Snapper in Gulf of Mexico and Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean Waters
Authors: Rindone R. Ryan , Kellison G. Todd , Bortone Stephen A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus populations support (or have supported) important commercial and recreational fisheries in Gulf of Mexico and southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters. Stock assessment results and related regulatory actions are contentious in both regions. We assessed the relative availability of information to support Red Snapper assessment and management between the two regions by performing a literature review and comparing the number of region-specific, Red Snapper–focused peer-reviewed publications. One hundred and ten publications (over the period 1982–2013) were identified in this search, with 94% focused on Gulf of Mexico waters. We then assessed the available information on juvenile (≤150 mm total length) Red Snapper. Twenty-eight peer-reviewed publications focused entirely or partially on juvenile Red Snapper in Gulf of Mexico waters. None documented the occurrence of juvenile Red Snapper in southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters. For the Gulf of Mexico, more than 50,000 records of juvenile Red Snapper were identified in a single trawl survey database. For southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters, a comprehensive search of fishery-independent survey databases (totaling &gt;75,000 individual gear deployments and occurring across the range of habitats, depths, and seasons in which juvenile Red Snapper were collected in the Gulf of Mexico trawl survey) and institutional collections identified only 132 records of juvenile Red Snapper. These results highlight the need for additional information on Red Snapper in southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters and on the connectivity between Gulf of Mexico and southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean Red Snapper populations to support Red Snapper population assessment and fishery management.
Received August 6, 2014; accepted November 13, 2014
Suppressive properties of ginsenoside Rb2, a protopanaxadiol-type ginseng saponin, on reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in UV-B-irradiated human dermal keratinocytes
Authors: Oh Sun-Joo , Kim Kyunghoon , Lim Chang-Jin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGinsenosides, also known as ginseng saponins, are the principal bioactive ingredients of ginseng, which are responsible for its diverse pharmacological activities. The present work aimed to assess skin anti-photoaging properties of ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), one of the predominant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, in human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation. When the cultured keratinocytes were subjected to Rb2 prior to UV-B irradiation, Rb2 displayed suppressive activities on UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species elevation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and secretion. However, Rb2 at the used concentrations was unable to modulate cellular survivals in the UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes. In brief, Rb2 possesses a protective role against the photoaging of human keratinocyte cells under UV-B irradiation.
A comparison of the impacts of continuous and interval cycle exercise on perceived exertion
Authors: Kilpatrick Marcus W. , Greeley Samuel J. , Ferron John M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRatings of perceived exertion (RPE) were developed to assess exertion during exercise testing. However, assessments of RPE prior to and after exercise have become common and potentially important in understanding exercise behaviour. The purpose of this project was to compare RPE taken before, during and after interval and continuous exercise sessions. Twenty‐four participants (12 men, 12 women, body mass index = 24, = 41 mL · kg · min−1) completed a maximal cycle ergometer test used to prescribe experimental trials: (1) moderate continuous (MC), (2) vigorous continuous (VC), (3) vigorous interval and (4) severe interval. All trials were 20 minutes in length and all intervals utilised 60‐second segments and a 1:1 work‐to‐rest ratio. Predicted exertion was highest in the continuous vigorous trial (p <. 05). Exertion increased from beginning to end in all trials (p <. 05). Session RPE values were highest for the continuous vigorous trial (p <. 05). Findings suggest that interval protocols produce perceptions of effort that are lower than VC exercise but similar to MC exercise. These results help describe the perceptions of effort associated with continuous and interval exercise and suggest that interval exercise can be performed with lower perceived work, which may encourage increased participation.
Sick from Freedom
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and this book reveals, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. The book recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history—that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freedpeople. Drawing on new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen’s Bureau—a nascent national health system that cared for more than 500,000 freed slaves—this book shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. The book shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. The book concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans.
Dying to Be Free
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the process of emancipation in the United States, with particular emphasis on factors that led to high mortality rates and epidemic outbreaks. These factors include freedpeople’s nebulous political status, the ambiguous military policies addressing emancipation, and the unhealthy environments in which they were forced to live. The chapter argues that the military, federal government, the Office of Surgeon General, sanitary reformers, the medical profession, and even freed slaves were unprepared for the medical catastrophes produced by the Civil War and could not stop the spread of illness and disease.
The Anatomy of Emancipation
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines why disease broke out among emancipated slaves after the Civil War, with particular reference to the federal government’s inability to develop a free labor economy in the postwar South. It looks at the serious unemployment among thousands of former slaves and their susceptibility to disease outbreaks. It also considers how the Medical Division of the Freedmen’s Bureau developed in response to the medical crises that plagued the Reconstruction South. It argues that federal and army officials’ concerns about freedpeople’s medical condition were rooted in developing a healthy labor force, which contradicted former abolitionists and sanitary reformers’ call for federal intervention based on a benevolent concern for freedpeople’s health and well-being.
Epilogue
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This epilogue follows officials of the Freedmen’s Bureau on their journey from the Reconstruction South to the West, focusing on their efforts, and those of former abolitionists and military personnel, to facilitate Native Americans’ transition to reservations. It looks at the way Native Americans were encouraged to develop a system of agricultural production similar to the plantation South after the Civil War, along with the sickness and disease that broke out among them as government officials attempted to create a system of free labor in the service of Native American resettlement. It argues that federal officials did not fully understand the environmental challenges of transforming large plots of land into an agrarian economy, and links the epidemics on the mass, forced migrations of Native peoples orchestrated by government and army officials.
First Glimpse of Dawn?
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's role in organizing lend-lease under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. It first considers the Senate floor debate on the lend-lease legislation and Democratic Senator Burton Wheeler's claim that lend-lease was another “New Deal AAA foreign policy—plow under every fourth American boy.” It then discusses Congress's passage of the lend-lease bill, entitled “An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States,” which authorized the president to “sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of” any munitions or defense-related item to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.” It also assesses Winston Churchill's reaction to the passage of the legislation and Hopkins's efforts behind the scenes with Roosevelt to make sure he would control administration of the program once it became law.
The Best They Could Do
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines Harry Hopkins's role in the Big Three conference held in Yalta during World War II. It first considers the agenda of the conference among Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, including the final assault on Germany, the Soviet Union's commitment to join the war against Japan, the organization of the United Nations, and issues relating to the anticipated defeat of the Germans. It then discusses Hopkins's trip across liberated Europe into southern Italy, as well as Roosevelt's travel to Malta before concluding with an assessment of Hopkins's influence on the decisions made at the Yalta conference.
A web-based personally controlled health management system increases sexually transmitted infection screening rates in young people: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mortimer Nathan J , Rhee Joel , Guy Rebecca , Hayen Andrew , Lau Annie Y S 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Objective To determine if a web-based personally controlled health management system (PCHMS) could increase the uptake of sexually transmitted infections (STI) screening among a young university population.
Methods A non-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants aged 18–29 years were recruited from a university environment between April and August 2013, and randomized 1:1 to either the intervention group (immediate online PCHMS access) or control group (no PCHMS access). The study outcome was self-reported STI testing, measured by an online follow-up survey in October 2013.
Results Of the 369 participants allocated to the PCHMS, 150 completed the follow-up survey, and of the 378 in the control group, 225 completed the follow-up survey. The proportion of the PCHMS group who underwent an STI test during the study period was 15.3% (23/150) compared with 7.6% (17/225) in the control group (P = .017). The difference in STI testing rates within the subgroup of sexually active participants (20.4% (23/113) of the PCHMS group compared with 9.6% (15/157) of the control group) was significantly higher (P = .027) than among non-sexually active participants.
Discussion Access to the PCHMS was associated with a significant increase in participants undergoing STI testing. This is also the first study to demonstrate efficacy of a PCHMS targeting a health concern where susceptibility is generally perceived as low and the majority of infections are asymptomatic.
Conclusion PCHMS interventions may provide an effective means of increasing the demand for STI testing which, combined with increased opportunistic testing by clinicians, could reduce the high and sustained rates of STIs in young people.
Customer personality and relationship satisfaction
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Vaithianathan Sridhar 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of customer personality and customer relationship proneness (CRP) on customer’s relationship satisfaction (CS) with the firm in emerging economies context. In the study, the authors state that the relationship proneness of the customer (CRP) would be influenced by personality trait of the customer. To examine the argument on personality trait, the authors have adopted Big Five personality trait theory in this study. The authors also argue that CRP would influence CS. Furthermore the authors put forth that customer’s perception of marketer’s relationship orientation (RMO) would mediate the relationship between CRP and CS.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data for the study were collected through structured questionnaire. A sample of 428 respondents was obtained through questionnaire survey (response rate 41.19 percent) and the hypotheses depicting the aforementioned relationships were empirically tested in the context of banking services in India. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used for data analysis.

Findings
– The results confirm that personality traits influences CRP. Further, customer’s perception of RMO is found to have a mediating effect.

Research limitations/implications
– The study utilizes cross-sectional data, so the results of the study might vary depending upon the context (country/sector).

Practical implications
– The outcomes of the study can be utilized by the marketers, particularly in the emerging economies like India for formulating targeted strategies in accordance with the personality type of the customers.

Originality/value
– The relationship between CRP, personality traits and CS of the customer using Big Five personality theory has been empirically analysed in the context of an emerging economy.
Mobile Banking
Authors: Moser Florian 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Though Mobile Banking has raised high expectations in research and practice, it neither experienced broad adoption nor allows it banks to realize additional earnings yet. By analyzing the discourse in form of publications in research and practice as a proxy for the subsequent actual adoption, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether Mobile Banking is just a fashionable concept and whether academics or practitioners are leading the debate on Mobile Banking.

Design/methodology/approach
– On the basis of academic and practical Mobile Banking publications from the last 13 years, discourse analysis was applied to examine patterns in the Mobile Banking literature and thus debate in research and practice. Previous patterns have been extended to examine whether the Mobile Banking discourse has fashionable aspects indicating a transient hype or whether it indicates long-term institutionalization. By differentiating between academic and practical publications, the different roles have been analyzed.

Findings
– Mobile Banking discourse shows a positive trend indicating a broader adoption in nearer future which should encourage both researchers and practitioners to stay involved in the topic. Temporary developments and the emergence of technological innovations (e.g. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, iPhone) created a fashionable hype around Mobile Banking showing that the acceptance is probably linked to developments like convenience, usefulness or availability. New phenomenon like social networks thus should be integrated in future considerations regarding Mobile Banking.

Originality/value
– First study about the fashionable aspect in Mobile Banking literature discourse. Combination of conceptual work, literature review and methodological approach in form of regression and pattern analysis. Applies the method of a former work and extends the methodology by the characteristics of fashionable innovations.
The effects of luxury restaurant environments on diners’ emotions and loyalty
Authors: Chen Annie , Peng Norman , Hung Kuang-peng 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine diners’ luxury restaurant consumption behavior by incorporating diner expectations into a modified Mehrabian–Russell model. Consumers dine at luxury restaurants for reasons beyond fulfilling basic needs. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to diners’ emotions and loyalty toward luxury restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach
– To examine the proposed six hypotheses, qualitative and quantitative studies were performed. Following exploratory qualitative research, 310 consumers who dined at Taiwan’s five-star hotel restaurants were recruited for the main study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– The results show that restaurants’ stimuli influence diners’ positive and negative emotions (organisms), which, in turn, affect their loyalty toward luxury restaurants (responses). Furthermore, customers with different levels of expectation react differently to stimuli.

Practical implications
– This study offers new empirical support for the proposition that diner expectation plays a role in building customer loyalty and, thereby, shades both theoretical and managerial understanding of the luxury restaurant consumption process.

Originality/value
– This study conceptualizes diners’ loyalty toward luxury restaurants (e.g. revisiting and recommending luxury restaurants) by examining the influence of restaurants’ stimuli, diners’ emotions and customers’ expectations toward luxury restaurants. Additionally, this study offers some managerial implications for practitioners.