bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niclosamide Overcomes Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib through Suppression of STAT3 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Rui , Hu Zhongliang , Sun Shi-Yong , Chen Zhuo G. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Sica Gabriel L. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Curran Walter J. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Deng Xingming 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The emergence of resistance to EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy is a major clinical problem for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to inhibitors of the kinase activity of EGFR are not fully understood. Here, we found that inhibition of EGFR by erlotinib induces STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 in association with increased Bcl2/Bcl-XL at both mRNA and protein levels in various human lung cancer cells. PTPMeg2 is a physiologic STAT3 phosphatase that can directly dephosphorylate STAT3 at the Tyr705 site. Intriguingly, treatment of cells with erlotinib results in downregulation of PTPMeg2 without activation of STAT3 kinases [i.e., Janus-activated kinase (JAK2) or c-Src], suggesting that erlotinib-enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 may occur, at least in part, from suppression of PTPMeg2 expression. Because elevated levels of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Bcl2, and Bcl-XL were observed in erlotinib-resistant lung cancer (HCC827/ER) cells as compared with erlotinib-sensitive parental HCC827 cells, we postulate that the erlotinib-activated STAT3/Bcl2/Bcl-XL survival pathway may contribute to acquired resistance to erlotinib. Both blockage of Tyr705 phosphorylation of STAT3 by niclosamide and depletion of STAT3 by RNA interference in HCC827/ER cells reverse erlotinib resistance. Niclosamide in combination with erlotinib potently represses erlotinib-resistant lung cancer xenografts in association with increased apoptosis in tumor tissues, suggesting that niclosamide can restore sensitivity to erlotinib. These findings uncover a novel mechanism of erlotinib resistance and provide a novel approach to overcome resistance by blocking the STAT3/Bcl2/Bcl-XL survival signaling pathway in human lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2200–12. ©2013 AACR.
Circulating Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity Correlates With Cardiac Dysfunction in Human and Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: dos Santos Leonardo , Salles Thiago A. , Arruda-Junior Daniel F. , Campos Luciene C.G. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Barreto Ana Luiza T. , Antonio Ednei L. , Mansur Alfredo J. , Tucci Paulo J.F. , Krieger José E. , Girardi Adriana C.C. 
Published: July 2013

Background—
The present study addresses the hypothesis that the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), an enzyme that inactivates peptides that possess cardioprotective actions, correlates with adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF). The therapeutic potential of DPPIV inhibition in preventing cardiac dysfunction is also investigated.

Methods and Results—
Measurements of DPPIV activity in blood samples obtained from 190 patients with HF and 42 controls demonstrated that patients with HF exhibited an increase of ≈130% in circulating DPPIV activity compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between serum DPPIV activity and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction in patients with HF. Similarly, radiofrequency LV ablation-induced HF rats displayed higher DPPIV activity in the plasma (≈50%) and heart tissue (≈3.5-fold) compared with sham-operated rats. Moreover, positive correlations were observed between the plasma DPPIV activity and LV end-diastolic pressure and lung congestion. Two days after surgery, 1 group of LV ablation-induced HF rats was treated with the DPPIV inhibitor sitagliptin (40 mg/kg BID) for 6 weeks, whereas the remaining rats were administered water. Hemodynamic measurements demonstrated that radiofrequency LV-ablated rats treated with sitagliptin exhibited a significant attenuation of HF-related cardiac dysfunction, including LV end-diastolic pressure, systolic performance, and chamber stiffness. Sitagliptin treatment also attenuated cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and minimized pulmonary congestion.

Conclusions—
Collectively, the results presented herein associate circulating DPPIV activity with poorer cardiovascular outcomes in human and experimental HF. Moreover, the results demonstrate that long-term DPPIV inhibition mitigates the development and progression of HF in rats.
Why Does Air Passage over Forest Yield More Rain? Examining the Coupling between Rainfall, Pressure, and Atmospheric Moisture Content*
Authors: Makarieva A. M. , Gorshkov V. G. , Sheil D. , Nobre A. D. , Bunyard P. , Li B.-L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The influence of forest loss on rainfall remains poorly understood. Addressing this challenge, Spracklen et al. recently presented a pantropical study of rainfall and land cover that showed that satellite-derived rainfall measures were positively correlated with the degree to which model-derived air trajectories had been exposed to forest cover. This result confirms the influence of vegetation on regional rainfall patterns suggested in previous studies. However, the conclusion of Spracklen et al.—that differences in rainfall reflect air moisture content resulting from evapotranspiration while the circulation pattern remains unchanged—appears undermined by methodological inconsistencies. Here methodological problems are identified with the underlying analyses and the quantitative estimates for rainfall change predicted if forest cover is lost in the Amazon. Alternative explanations are presented that include the distinct role of forest evapotranspiration in creating low-pressure systems that draw moisture from the oceans to the continental hinterland. A wholly new analysis of meteorological data from three regions in Brazil, including the central Amazon forest, reveals a tendency for rainy days during the wet season with column water vapor (CWV) exceeding 50 mm to have higher pressure than rainless days, while at lower CWV, rainy days tend to have lower pressure than rainless days. The coupling between atmospheric moisture content and circulation dynamics underlines that the danger posed by forest loss is greater than suggested by consideration of moisture recycling alone.
New Soil Property Database Improves Oklahoma Mesonet Soil Moisture Estimates*
Authors: Scott Bethany L. , Ochsner Tyson E. , Illston Bradley G. , Fiebrich Christopher A. , Basara Jeffery B. , Sutherland Albert J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Soil moisture data from the Oklahoma Mesonet are widely used in research efforts spanning many disciplines within Earth sciences. These soil moisture estimates are derived by translating measurements of matric potential into volumetric water content through site- and depth-specific water retention curves. The objective of this research was to increase the accuracy of the Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data through improved estimates of the water retention curve parameters. A comprehensive field sampling and laboratory measurement effort was conducted that resulted in new measurements of the percent of sand, silt, and clay; bulk density; and volumetric water content at −33 and −1500 kPa. These inputs were provided to the Rosetta pedotransfer function, and parameters for the water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity functions were obtained. The resulting soil property database, MesoSoil, includes 13 soil physical properties for 545 individual soil layers across 117 Oklahoma Mesonet sites. The root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between the resulting soil moisture estimates and those obtained by direct sampling was reduced from 0.078 to 0.053 cm3 cm−3 by use of the new water retention curve parameters, a 32% improvement. A &gt;0.15 cm3 cm−3 high bias on the dry end was also largely eliminated by using the new parameters. Reanalysis of prior studies that used Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data may be warranted given these improvements. No other large-scale soil moisture monitoring network has a comparable published soil property database or has undergone such comprehensive in situ validation.
The Impact of Covariance Localization for Radar Data on EnKF Analyses of a Developing MCS: Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: Sobash Ryan A. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Several observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were performed to assess the impact of covariance localization of radar data on ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analyses of a developing convective system. Simulated Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) observations were extracted from a truth simulation and assimilated into experiments with localization cutoff choices of 6, 12, and 18 km in the horizontal and 3, 6, and 12 km in the vertical. Overall, increasing the horizontal localization and decreasing the vertical localization produced analyses with the smallest RMSE for most of the state variables. The convective mode of the analyzed system had an impact on the localization results. During cell mergers, larger horizontal localization improved the results. Prior state correlations between the observations and state variables were used to construct reverse cumulative density functions (RCDFs) to identify the correlation length scales for various observation-state pairs. The OSSE with the smallest RMSE employed localization cutoff values that were similar to the horizontal and vertical length scales of the prior state correlations, especially for observation-state correlations above 0.6. Vertical correlations were restricted to state points closer to the observations than in the horizontal, as determined by the RCDFs. Further, the microphysical state variables were correlated with the reflectivity observations on smaller scales than the three-dimensional wind field and radial velocity observations. The ramifications of these findings on localization choices in convective-scale EnKF experiments that assimilate radar data are discussed.
Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclone Stratiform Rainbands over Land
Authors: Donaher Shaunna L. , Albrecht Bruce A. , Fang Ming , Brown William 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Observations of 14 stratiform periods in outer tropical cyclone rainbands are used to evaluate wind structure using a velocity–azimuth display (VAD) technique applied to KAMX (Miami) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data. These 14 cases occurred over land in southern Florida from Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav and Ike during 2008. Profiles show a maximum horizontal wind speed between 1000 and 1500 m in height, with occasional evidence of a secondary horizontal wind maximum near 3500–5000 m. Storm-relative wind components are calculated, and radial wind profiles show a mean transition from radial inflow at low levels to radial outflow around 2500–3000-m altitude. The radial inflow maximum is around 500 m, while maximum outflow is more variable. These profile characteristics are consistent with previous wind observations in rainbands over land and water. Changes in wind structure within one 4-h period are examined, with changes seen linked to the environmental influence on the rainband. All rainbands show a logarithmic wind speed decrease below 200 m. This layer is studied in detail using a log-wind fit method and a ratio method to calculate aerodynamic roughness length. Much lower ratios of surface to higher-level winds were found than in previous studies over open oceans. Another significant finding of this work is the lack of a constant aerodynamic roughness length despite similar storm wind profiles. These results are useful in broadening the understanding of low-level impacts of landfalling rainbands far from the storm center.
The Construct of State-Level Suspicion
Authors: Bobko Philip , Barelka Alex J. , Hirshfield Leanne M. 
Published: July 2013

Objective: The objective was to review and integrate available research about the construct of state-level suspicion as it appears in social science literatures and apply the resulting findings to information technology (IT) contexts. Background: Although the human factors literature is replete with articles about trust (and distrust) in automation, there is little on the related, but distinct, construct of “suspicion” (in either automated or IT contexts). The construct of suspicion—its precise definition, theoretical correlates, and role in such applications—deserves further study. Method: Literatures that consider suspicion are reviewed and integrated. Literatures include communication, psychology, human factors, management, marketing, information technology, and brain/neurology. We first develop a generic model of state-level suspicion. Research propositions are then derived within IT contexts. Results: Fundamental components of suspicion include (a) uncertainty, (b) increased cognitive processing (e.g., generation of alternative explanations for perceived discrepancies), and (c) perceptions of (mal)intent. State suspicion is defined as the simultaneous occurrence of these three components. Our analysis also suggests that trust inhibits suspicion, whereas distrust can be a catalyst of state-level suspicion. Based on a three-stage model of state-level suspicion, associated research propositions and questions are developed. These propositions and questions are intended to help guide future work on the measurement of suspicion (self-report and neurological), as well as the role of the construct of suspicion in models of decision making and detection of deception. Conclusion: The study of suspicion, including its correlates, antecedents, and consequences, is important. We hope that the social sciences will benefit from our integrated definition and model of state suspicion. The research propositions regarding suspicion in IT contexts should motivate substantial research in human factors and related fields.
Breaches in the Wall
Authors: Cochran Joshua C. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives: Drawing on theories that emphasize the salience of social ties, this study examines the different kinds of experiences prisoners have with visitation and the implications of those experiences for behavior after release. Method: This study uses data from a release cohort of prisoners to (1) explore how visitation experiences unfold for different cohorts of individuals serving different amounts of time in prison and to (2) test the effects of longitudinal visitation patterns on recidivism. Results: Findings suggest that individuals who maintain connections with their social networks outside of prison have lower rates of reoffending and that the timing and consistency with which visitation occurs also affect criminal behavior. Specifically, prisoners who are visited early and who experience a sustained pattern of visitation are less likely to recidivate. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of social ties for understanding the prisoner experience and its implications for offending. More research is needed that seeks to explain the effects identified here and that explores, using nuanced approaches, other prison experiences, and the implications of those experiences.
Effect of Nose Skin on the Columellar Incision Scar in a Turkish Population
Authors: Verim Ayşegül , Duymuş Recai , Çalım Ömer Faruk , Karaca Çiğdem Tepe , Özkul M. Haluk , Yaşar Hüsamettin , Bahadır Esra , Bakal Nuray 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the causes of columellar scar formation in a Turkish population in relation to nasal skin thickness, texture, and type and discuss possible solutions for better results.Study DesignProspective, clinical study.SettingOtorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary hospital.MethodsThe preoperative dermal thickness of 50 consecutive patients undergoing “external approach” septorhinoplasty was measured (using a 14 MHz ultrasound probe) at the midportion of the right and left nostril, tip, supratip, and columella. Surgery was performed using a middle columellar gullwing incision. All patients had a minimum follow‐up of 6 months after surgery. Assessment of the columellar scar was performed according to the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale modified for columellar scars. The mean values of skin thickness measurements, skin type (according to the Fitzpatrick skin classification scale), skin texture (oily, combination, normal, dry, and sensitive types), smoking habit, and patient gender were recorded and compared with the columellar incision scar scores.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in healing between the skin thickness of the tip, supratip, left nostril, right nostril, columella and mean skin thickness values, skin types (Fitzpatrick 2, 3, 4, 5), skin textures, and smoking with regard to columellar scar formation (P >. 05). However, men healed significantly better than women (P <. 05).ConclusionsThe columellar incision heals independently of the influence of skin thickness; texture; Fitzpatrick skin types 2, 3, 4, and 5; and smoking. Male gender seems to be a significant factor in healing.
Anatomic and Morphological Evaluation of the Quadriceps Tendon Using 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reconstruction
Authors: Xerogeanes John W. , Mitchell Phillip M. , Karasev Peter A. , Kolesov Ivan A. , Romine Spencer E. 
Published: July 2013

Background: The autograft of choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains controversial. The quadriceps tendon is the least utilized and least studied of the potential autograft options. Purpose: To determine if the quadriceps tendon has the anatomic characteristics to produce a graft whose length and volume are adequate, reproducible, and predictable when compared with the other commonly used autografts. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Axial proton density magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 60 skeletally mature patients (30 male and 30 female) were evaluated. Volumetric analysis of 3-dimensional models of the patellar and quadriceps tendons was performed before and after the removal of a 10 mm–wide graft from both tendons. Length, thickness, and width measurements of the quadriceps tendon were made at predetermined locations. Anthropometric data were collected, and subgroup analysis, sex analysis, and linear regression were performed. Results: The mean percentage of volume remaining after removal of a 10 mm–wide graft from the patellar tendon was 56.6%, compared with 61.3% when harvesting an 80 mm–long graft of the same width from the quadriceps tendon. The intra-articular volume of the proposed quadriceps tendon graft was 87.5% greater than that of the patellar tendon graft. The mean length of the quadriceps tendon was 73.5 ± 12.3 mm in female patients and 81.1 ± 10.6 mm in male patients. These measurements were most highly correlated with patient height. The width of the quadriceps tendon decreased as one proceeded proximally from its insertion, and the thickness of the quadriceps tendon remained relatively constant. Conclusion: The quadriceps tendon has the anatomic characteristics to produce a graft whose length and volume are both reproducible and predictable, while yielding a graft with a significantly greater intra-articular volume than a patellar tendon graft with a similar width.
Study on mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate/thermoplastic composites
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Kai-Xi 
Published: July 2013

This is a study on evaluating the effect of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic casts, which were performed by mechanical tests, such as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Composites loaded with a mass rate of 1–2 wt% of nano-CaCO3 particles in polyethersulphone (PES) showed the most excellent mechanical function. The increase in the rate of compressive strength, the maximum compressive modulus and the flexural modulus increases is 47%, 51% and 32% in contrast to neat thermoplastic resin, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the nanocomposites based on the modified nano-CaCO3 fillers that perform higher modulus and lower Poisson’s ratio than neat PES resin.
Fatigue in Healthy and Diseased Individuals
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Mahjoub Sinda Zarrouk 
Published: July 2013

Objectives: Although fatigue is experienced by everyone, its definition and classification remains under debate. Methods: A review of the previously published data on fatigue. Results: Fatigue is influenced by age, gender, physical condition, type of food, latency to last meal, mental status, psychological conditions, personality type, life experience, and the health status of an individual. Fatigue may not only be a symptom but also a measurable and quantifiable dimension, also known as fatigability. Additionally, it may be classified as a condition occurring at rest or under exercise or stress, as physiologic reaction or pathologic condition, as spontaneous phenomenon or triggerable state, as resistant or irresistant to preconditioning, training, or attitude, as prominent or collateral experience, and as accessible or inaccessible to any type of treatment or intervention. Fatigue may be the sole symptom of a disease or one among others. It may be also classified as acute or chronic. Quantification of fatigability is achievable by fatigue scores, force measurement, electromyography, or other means. Fatigue and fatigability need to be delineated from conditions such as sleepiness, apathy, exhaustion, exercise intolerance, lack of vigor, weakness, inertia, or tiredness. Among neurological disorders, the prevalence of fatigue is particularly increased in multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and bleeding and also in neuromuscular disorders. Fatigue may be influenced by training, mental preconditioning, or drugs. Conclusions: Fatigue needs to be recognized as an important condition that is not only a symptom but may also be quantified and can be modified by various measures depending on the underlying cause.
Synergistic Thrombotic Risk of Antibodies Against Phosphatidylserine and Prothrombin and β-2-Glycoprotein I
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Kim Ji-Eun , Hwang Sang Mee , Lee Hye Ryun , Han Kyou-Sup , Kim Hyun Kyung 
Published: July 2013

Background: Coagulation and anticoagulation systems are good targets of antiphospholipid antibodies. We assessed the contribution of the antiphospholipid antibodies to the thrombotic risk. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on antibodies against phosphatidylserine and prothrombin (PS/PT), protein C, protein S, protein Z, and thrombomodulin were performed in 164 patients who showed positive results for lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibody. Results: Anti-β-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and anti-PS/PT were significant risk factors for thrombotic events ( P < .001, P = .049). However, there was no association between antiprotein C, antiprotein S, antiprotein Z, or antithrombomodulin and thrombosis. Coexistence of anti-β2GPI and anti-PS/PT antibodies was significantly associated with thrombotic events ( P = .001). Interestingly, the absence of both anti-β2GPI and anti-PS/PT antibodies was a significant preventive factor for thrombosis ( P = .003). Conclusion: Our data show a lack of association of antiprotein C, antiprotein S, antiprotein Z, and antithrombomodulin antibodies with thrombosis. However, the combination of conventional anti-β2GPI with anti-PS/PT antibody is expected to enhance the predicting power of thrombotic risk.