bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ER–mitochondria associations are regulated by the VAPB–PTPIP51 interaction and are disrupted by ALS/FTD-associated TDP-43
Authors: Stoica Radu , De Vos Kurt J. , Paillusson Sébastien , Mueller Sarah , Sancho Rosa M. , Lau Kwok-Fai , Vizcay-Barrena Gema , Lin Wen-Lang , Xu Ya-Fei , Lewis Jada , Dickson Dennis W. , Petrucelli Leonard , Mitchell Jacqueline C. , Shaw Christopher E. , Miller Christopher C. J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) form tight structural associations and these facilitate a number of cellular functions. However, the mechanisms by which regions of the ER become tethered to mitochondria are not properly known. Understanding these mechanisms is not just important for comprehending fundamental physiological processes but also for understanding pathogenic processes in some disease states. In particular, disruption to ER–mitochondria associations is linked to some neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that the ER-resident protein VAPB interacts with the mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein-51 (PTPIP51) to regulate ER–mitochondria associations. Moreover, we demonstrate that TDP-43, a protein pathologically linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and fronto-temporal dementia perturbs ER–mitochondria interactions and that this is associated with disruption to the VAPB–PTPIP51 interaction and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Finally, we show that overexpression of TDP-43 leads to activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and that GSK-3β regulates the VAPB–PTPIP51 interaction. Our results describe a new pathogenic mechanism for TDP-43.
A transformerless modular step‐up dc–dc converter for high power applications
Authors: Filsoof Kia , Hagar Abdelrahman A. , Lehn Peter W. 
Published: June 2014

This study presents a new step‐up dc–dc converter topology suitable for medium voltage, megawatt scale applications. The proposed converter interconnects unipolar or bipolar dc networks using a single inductor and a modular active switching network. The active switching network contains multiple series‐connected identical converter modules. Each module consists of four switches and one capacitor. The modular nature of the switching network allows scalable implementation of the converter, and utilisation of low‐voltage switches and capacitors. The proposed converter avoids the use of medium‐frequency isolation transformers. Soft switching is utilised to reduce the converter's switching losses. An analytical model of the converter is developed to facilitate converter design. Theoretical predictions are supported by a 7.6 kW scaled laboratory prototype achieving an efficiency of as high as 93.2%.
Magnetic transitions and electrical transport in Bi-doped lanthanum strontium manganites
Authors: Ahmed A. M. , Mohamed H. F. , Šoka Martin 
Published: June 2014

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ, thermoelectric power S and the magnetic susceptibility χ of La0.7–xBixSr0.3MnO3 (x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 at. %) manganites were investigated. La0.7–xBixSr0.3MnO3 crystallizes in a single phase rhombohedral structure with parasitic phase inclusions. With increasing Bi concentration, a systematic decrease in the ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc), the metal-semiconducting transition temperature (Tms1) and also the values of activation energies Eρ and ES from ρ(T) and S(T) were observed. On the other hand, in the high-temperature (T &gt; Tms) paramagnetic semiconductor regime, the adiabatic small polaron hopping model fit well, thereby indicating that polaron hopping might be responsible for the conduction mechanism. In addition, the thermoelectric power data at low temperatures were analyzed by considering both the magnon and the phonon drag concept, while the high-temperature data were confirmed a small polaron hopping conduction mechanism.
Slow slip and the transition from fast to slow fronts in the rupture of frictional interfaces
Authors: Trømborg Jørgen Kjoshagen , Sveinsson Henrik Andersen , Scheibert Julien , Thøgersen Kjetil , Amundsen David Skålid , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Relative motion between solids in frictional contact is known to start progressively, with a slipping zone growing along the interface. The propagation of the front separating the stuck and slipping zones is usually very fast, but it can also slow down considerably. This transition is not yet understood. Using a multiscale model, we demonstrate how the transition to slow fronts is the direct consequence of slow slip motion at the interface, and that slow fronts are qualitatively different from faster fronts. Because the transition to slow fronts is enabled by slow slip, we expect that it can occur in the wide range of systems in which slow slip has been reported, from engineering to seismology.
Antarctic sea ice control on ocean circulation in present and glacial climates
Authors: Ferrari Raffaele , Jansen Malte F. , Adkins Jess F. , Burke Andrea , Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
The ocean’s role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide on glacial–interglacial timescales remains an unresolved issue in paleoclimatology. Many apparently independent changes in ocean physics, chemistry, and biology need to be invoked to explain the full signal. Recent understanding of the deep ocean circulation and stratification is used to demonstrate that the major changes invoked in ocean physics are dynamically linked. In particular, the expansion of permanent sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere results in a volume increase of Antarctic-origin abyssal waters and a reduction in mixing between abyssal waters of Arctic and Antarctic origin.
Single-cell nucleosome mapping reveals the molecular basis of gene expression heterogeneity
Authors: Small Eliza C. , Xi Liqun , Wang Ji-Ping , Widom Jonathan , Licht Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Nucleosomes limit access to DNA, which antagonizes gene expression and prevents recruitment of transcription factors that cannot bind DNA wrapped around the histone octamer. Numerous studies using large cell populations determined that active genes promoters tend to be nucleosome-depleted. We developed a method to examine nucleosome positioning in single cells and revealed significant heterogeneity of nucleosome configurations within a population. In an inactive gene loaded with nucleosomes, a small subpopulation of nucleosome-depleted cells exists that were engaged in transcription. Single-cell mapping revealed that even in apparently nucleosome-free regions, some cells were occupied by nucleosomes. These data reveal an underlying complexity of nucleosome positioning and its role in regulating gene expression.
Coupled counterrotating polariton condensates in optically defined annular potentials
Authors: Dreismann Alexander , Cristofolini Peter , Balili Ryan , Christmann Gabriel , Pinsker Florian , Berloff Natasha G. , Hatzopoulos Zacharias , Savvidis Pavlos G. , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Collections of bosons can condense into superfluids, but only at extremely low temperatures and in complicated experimental setups. By creating new types of bosons that are coupled mixtures of optical and electronic states, condensates can be created on a semiconductor chip and potentially up to room temperature. One of the most useful implementations of macroscopic condensates involves forming rings, which exhibit new phenomena because the quantum wavefunctions must join up in phase; these are used for some of the most sensitive magnetometer and accelerometer devices known. We show experimentally how patterns of light shone on semiconductor chips can directly produce ring condensates of unusual stability, which can be precisely controlled by optical means.
Intravenous Abuse of Tropicamide in Opioid Use Disorder: Presentation of 2 Cases
Authors: Bozkurt Muge , Karabulut Vahap , Evren Cuneyt , Seker Merve , Kan Hicret 
Published: June 2014

Background Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic ophthalmic solution used to produce short-acting mydriasis and cycloplegia. Topical abuse of ophthalmic solutions has been reported, but intravenous (IV) abuse of tropicamide seems to be a new phenomenon. Cases The authors present 2 patients with concomitant IV tropicamide abuse and opioid use disorder. Patients were hospitalized and started on buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for opioid withdrawal. Patients’ reports about tropicamide effects are remarkable, as they claimed that tropicamide increased the efficacy of heroin while decreasing and delaying the withdrawal symptoms. Discussion Although anticholinergics have been known to be abused for their euphoric effects, these cases’ motivation to use tropicamide seemed to extend beyond its euphoric effect and was also based on its interaction with heroin. It is feared that tropicamide abuse may become more frequent. Health professionals should be aware of this trend so that symptoms of misuse and intoxication can be recognized, and ophthalmologists should consider the abuse potential of anticholinergic eye drops when prescribing them.
Autumn bloom phenology and magnitude influence haddock recruitment on Georges Bank
Authors: Leaf Robert T. , Friedland Kevin D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stock on Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic is characterized by extremely large recruitment events relative to spawning-stock biomass. Recent work has indicated that the dynamics of the preceding autumn bloom may have explanatory power to describe these events. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that autumn phytoplankton dynamics affect the recruitment of haddock, examine the temporal and spatial characteristics of the autumn phytoplankton bloom on Georges Bank, and correlate individual sex-specific condition measurements of haddock made in spring to recruitment patterns. Autumn bloom characteristics vary considerably across Georges Bank with earlier-occurring and larger-integral blooms occurring on the northern flank. On average, autumn blooms start on day 273 (29 September) and persist ∼50 days. There was a significant negative correlation detected between bloom start date and recruitment and a significant positive correlation of bloom integral and recruitment. The survivor ratio loge(R/SSB) was positively and significantly correlated with individual condition of females in spring. The analysis of autumn bloom on Georges Bank provides a predictive index for recruitment strength of haddock and has utility for the assessment of this stock.
Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Cause Acute Otitis Media in the Chinchilla That Is Enhanced by Pneumococcal Surface Protein K
Authors: Keller Lance E. , Friley Jessica , Dixit Cheshil , Nahm Moon H. , McDaniel Larry S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background.  Use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has led to serotype replacement of carriage and acute otitis media (AOM) pneumococcal isolates. Increases in nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp) isolates have also occurred, and there are increasing reports of NESp-associated disease. Disease prevalence and virulence factors of NESp isolates have not been studied.
Methods.  A chinchilla model of pneumococcal AOM was utilized, and disease was assessed through bacterial enumeration along with scoring visible signs of pathology. An adhesion-invasion assay using a human epithelial cell line was performed.
Results.  Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains containing pneumococcal surface protein K (PspK) were more likely to cause AOM and pathology upon infection. Deletion of PspK from an isolate significantly reduced bacterial loads. Increased epithelial cell adhesion correlated with increased virulence of NESp isolates naturally lacking PspK. Furthermore, expression of PspK by an avirulent NESp resulted in virulence.
Conclusions.  The presence of PspK increased the disease potential of NESp. Pneumococcal surface protein K is not the only virulence factor of NESp in AOM. Expression of PspK in an avirulent NESp mediated the progression to pneumococcal disease. Genetic exchange between pneumococci may allow dissemination of PspK, increasing the potential of NESp disease. The current study is the first report of a NESp-specific virulence factor.
Is Food the Answer to Malnutrition?
Authors: Sahn David E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough there is little disagreement on the magnitude and importance of alleviating malnutrition, its causation and control continue to be the subject of debate and research. Recent evidence suggests that many of the traditional food-based strategies to reduce malnutrition, such as food aid distribution programs, school feeding programs, and food stamps, as well as policies that intervene to affect the price of food such as subsidies and rationing schemes, have proven of limited effectiveness. One important reason is that the critical period of undernutrition is generally in utero and early life. Among the most vulnerable groups, particularly pregnant women and infants, the causes of malnutrition often have little to do with food access and availability. Instead, prenatal care, immunization programs, breastfeeding promotion, and generally raising the quality of child care and nurturing behaviors are paramount. Likewise, improving the sanitary and home environment, including interventions that enhance access to clean water and latrines and behaviors such as hand washing and boiling water, will contribute to reductions in infection and help break the cycle of disease and malnutrition. In the area of food-related interventions, among those that are critical to the production of improved health and nutritional outcomes are food supplementation and fortification schemes that address micronutrient deficiencies. At the same time, there is legitimate concern that misguided food interventions, particularly broad-based price subsidies, food stamps, and food aid may have a range of deleterious consequences. These range from contributing to the epidemic of obesity and related chronic disease, to having a negative impact on farmers and producer incentives and the functioning of food markets.
Politics and the Literary
Authors: Guy Josephine M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDuring the Victorian period it was widely held that the literary and the political were separate and distinct spheres, a view which did not, however, prevent many writers from using works of literature to address explicitly political issues. This chapter explores the reasons behind this apparent paradox, one which helps explain why modern accounts of the politics of Victorian literary works, notably the realist novel, are often quite different from the claims made for them by the Victorians themselves. The chapter focuses on describing Victorian literary taste, and the ways it was shaped by concerns about a growing commercialization and democratization of literary culture. More precisely, it shows how anxieties about the development of popular literary forms on the one hand and, later in the century, of avant-garde movements on the other, led to an increased politicization of the literary, as various elites competed with each other to control definitions of literariness.
Collecting and Analyzing Observation of Music Teaching and Learning Data
Authors: Schmidt Margaret 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Observation is a primary means for collecting qualitative data. Observing for a research project requires focused attention beyond ordinary observing in daily life. Researchers must not only notice what is going on, but must also identify patterns and anomalies in observed behavior. From these, researchers attempt to make sense of what they observe in light of a study’s questions, while remaining alert to possible blind spots or interference from personal biases or prior experiences. This chapter discusses nine aspects of working with observational data: preparing for observations; determining the researcher’s role along the participant-observer continuum; entering and leaving a site and developing rapport; determining what and how to observe; collecting data, including field notes and artifacts; maintaining a data record; coding and analyzing data; identifying authorial voice for writing the research report; and ethical considerations.
Music-Making As Data
Authors: Pellegrino Kristen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter summarizes and compares standard qualitative analysis software (often referred to as Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS)) that might be used in research supporting music teaching and learning. After reviewing the historical development of such software, an overall description is provided and guidelines established for its use. A comparison of seven standard titles is provided that includes details regarding operating system support (Windows/Mac), cost, and basic functionality. The strengths of each QDAS package is highlighted and examples are provided on how the software has been employed by music education researchers to date. Reasons to use or not to use such packages are suggested. A case is provided for more extensive use of QDAS in the music education research community.
Qualitative Research in Early Childhood Music Education
Authors: Reynolds Alison M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In 1937, Moorhead and Pond generated the first of their Pillsbury Studies; yet, between their studies and about 1980, the history of early childhood music education qualitative research in the United States lacks subsequent examples. This chapter traces that history up to 2012, alongside the history of the profession’s attention to defining music education for young children, honoring the 75th anniversary of and continued contributions of Moorhead and Pond's research. The chapter offers a survey of qualitative research topics and approaches from a now-abundant repository of examples, as well as contemporary considerations for adult researchers—including ways children perceive them in their role—as they co-construct, document, and disseminate research alongside young children. The chapter closes with suggestions for future researchers, including recommendations to increase efforts to communicate with policymakers about qualitative early childhood music education research findings.
Qualitative Choral Music Research
Authors: Sweet Bridget 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of qualitative choral music education research conducted in the United States. Research revealed that safe spaces are valuable to choral teachers and students, choir members, and directors. In addition, the choral environment and qualities of the teacher have the power to positively and/or negatively sway choral participation, regardless of a chorister’s stage of life. From this review it is clear that participation in choral music can be a multi-faceted experience, as can benefits received from participation. It was found that no qualitative research has been specifically focused on female adolescent choir students and that little qualitative research has been conducted with former choral students or non-singers.
A Critical Analysis of Qualitative Research on Learning to Teach Music in Preservice Music Teacher Education
Authors: Campbell Mark Robin , Thompson Linda K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter examines qualitative research from 1990 to the present that is focused on how people learn to teach music in preservice music teacher education programs. The primary goal is to coordinate and synthesize what is known currently about how people learn to teach music. A second goal is to provide directions for future research and considerations for improving quality.
Qualitative Research Examining Students with Exceptionalities in Music Education
Authors: Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 5.9 million students ages 6 to 21 are served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Qualitative investigations of phenomena surrounding students with exceptionalities in music education have provided insight into the plight of students with learning challenges. Specifically, qualitative inquiry provides the unique viewpoint of all stakeholders, including music educators, students, and families. This chapter will examine qualitative research and students with disabilities as well as investigations into the inclusion of students with specific diagnoses into music classrooms. In addition, this chapter will review research in music teacher preparation and conclude with recommendations for future qualitative research.
Markers of Inflammation in the Breath in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Huang Yixi , Lemberg Daniel A. , Day Andrew S. , Dixon Barbara , Leach Steven , Bujanover Yoram , Jaffe Adam , Thomas Paul S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Breath analysis and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection are simple and noninvasive processes whereby inflammatory mediators and other biomarkers can be assessed in diseases that affect the lung. It was hypothesised that markers of epithelial dysfunction and secretion, such as a low pH, 8‐isoprostane, and release of epithelial factors such as trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) and mucin, would be elevated in the breath of those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim was to compare the levels of these biomarkers in EBC and the fraction of expired nitric oxide (FENO) in children with Crohn disease (CD), in those with asthma, and in normal individuals in a pilot study.Methods:EBC was collected from patients in the 3 groups mentioned above in a cross‐sectional design. pH, 8‐isoprostane, TFF2, and mucin levels were measured in the EBC. Spirometry was performed in asthmatic patients and patients with IBD, whereas FENO and skin prick tests were performed in patients with IBD.Results:Breath samples including EBC were collected from 80 patients (30 CD, 30 asthma, 20 controls). Compared with controls, EBC pH was lower in children with IBD (P < 0.0001) or asthma (P = 0.0041). 8‐Isoprostane levels differed between the 3 groups (P < 0.05). EBC TFF2 was mainly less than the limit of detection, whereas mucin levels did not differ significantly between the 3 groups. FENO was measurable in children with IBD, but did not correlate with disease activity or serum markers of inflammation.Conclusions:A lower EBC pH may reflect inflammatory events either in the lung or systemically. 8‐Isoprostane, FENO, and mucin were detected for the first time in the EBC of children with IBD. Further studies are required to assess the value of these assessments.