bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information, ceremony and power in Byzantine fiscal registers: varieties of function in the Cadaster of Thebes
Authors: Neville Leonora 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the Cadaster of Thebes, an eleventh-century Byzantine fiscal document, to see what light it sheds on both the intention and ability of the Byzantine bureaucracy to maintain a formal taxation system based on land registration. While the document attests to efforts at maintaining such a system, the quality of record keeping in the Cadaster of Thebes is insufficient for the document to play the role formally accorded to it within that system. It is suggested that Byzantine cadasters aided taxation by creating the impression of a pervasive imperial government and ceremonially connecting every household to the emperor through his interceding administrators.
Some observations on the administrative terminology of the second Bulgarian empire (13th-14th centuries)
Authors: Biliarsky Ivan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe paper presents some aspects of the juridical terminology in the Second Bulgarian Empire: the appellations of the titles of the hierarchical system and those of the administrative services. The use of the statistical methods offers some impressive results in regard to the correlation between the terms of Byzantine origin (translated or transliterated from Greek) and those that derive from Bulgar language, either purely Slavonic terms or ones of other derivation. About three quarters of the terminology derives from the juridical language of the Eastern Roman Empire! These results might be supported by the observations on the fiscal terms, the appellations of the territorial units and so on. Needless to say that these results are not unexpected — they confirm again the affiliation of the mediaeval Bulgaria to the East Roman or byzantine civilisation.
Fourteenth-century Albanian migration and the ‘relative autochthony’ of the Albanians in Epeiros. The case of Gjirokastër
Authors: Giakoumis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to put together recent linguistic and historical studies, in order to challenge the views of ‘older’ Greek and Albanian scholarship with respect to the presence of a solely Greek or Albanian population in the regions of Epeiros, with specific reference to the district of Dropull in the light of primary sources dealing with the Albanian immigrations of the fourteenth century. It will show that Greek and Albanian-speaking populations had all along been living together in Epeiros, while in the fourteenth century immigrant Albanians migrated into the regions of Gjirokastër. The reactions of local milieux against the new settlers shall be attributed to the disintegration of the previous local elites.
Meurtre à Byzance: Byzantine murders in modern literature
Authors: Nilsson Ingela 
Published: January 2014

Byzance est là oú je suis.Thus runs the suggestively recurrent theme in a recent novel by Julia Kristeva, the famous psychoanalyst, linguist and semiotician (Meurtre à Byzance. Paris: Fayard, 2004). Kristeva, who immigrated to France from Bulgaria in the 1960s, here seizes the opportunity to set forth problems concerning her own East European and Orthodox background. She does so in a form that to a remarkably high degree mirrors her own work as a scholar: Meurtre à Byzance, with its manifold references to medieval and modern literature, is imbued with intertextuality and polyphony, literary devices which she herself as a theorist has largely helped define. And the complex story is not, as one might expect from the title, a historical detective novel set in a Byzantine milieu, but a romantic yet critical story about contemporary society, our search for origin and meaning, our longing for — as Kristeva puts it — a Byzantium of our own.
Embracing uncertainty and challenging dualism in the GIS-based study of a palaeo-flood plain
Authors: Gillings Mark 
Published: January 2014

The following paper aims to take a critical look at the role that can be played within the broad context of landscape based archaeological research by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). It will be argued that the rapid acceptance of GIS by archaeologists has not been without its problems, with a number of archaeologists wondering whether, despite the hype, any new approaches have been introduced at all. This, it will be argued, is a direct result of GIS-based applications tending to work within a largely inherited theoretical framework and, more importantly, lacking at present a critical theory of practice.The aim of the paper is move beyond critique to suggest how GIS can provide not only an efficient means of generating simple distribution maps, but a flexible environment within which to bridge developments in theory and practice. Using an on-going case-study centred upon flood events in the palaeo-flood plain of the river Tisza, the implications of using GIS to welcome uncertainty into the analytical environment are explored and a number of approaches advocated. The significance these developments have in expanding our interpretive frameworks is explored through the fore-grounding and challenging of a number of dualistic modes of thought in that area actively encouraged and reinforced by the use of traditional GIS.
Power relations and social space: A study of the late medieval Archbishop's Palace in Trondheim
Authors: Saunders Tom 
Published: January 2014

This article concerns the study of power and space within the Archbishop's Palace in Trondheim and, in particular, how the structure and organization of the precinct in the late medieval period formed a medium through which the archbishop's powers were exercised. Its aim is to explore the ways in which the spatial patterning of occupation, as revealed by the recent excavations in the palace, can cast light on the articulation of the archbishop's wealth, status and authority during the turbulent period prior to the Reformation.The theoretical starting point is a reformulation of Michael Mann's theory of social power and Anthony Giddens's concept of ‘locale’ within a Marxist framework. It is suggested that, in the historical context of the crisis of Scandinavian feudalism, the palace at Trondheim became the focus for overlapping networks of ideological, economic, military and political power. These developments were expressed through the reorganization of the architectural space and the construction of a series of workshop complexes within the walled precinct betweenc.AD 1500 and 1537. By analysing the archaeological evidence for craft production, in particular minting, this paper considers how the palace formed a locale for the interaction of a specific set of social relations. It consequently examines some of the processes underpinning the expansion of the archbishop's power during the late medieval period, and discusses the social dynamics behind the conflict between the Church and the centralizing, Protestant-leaning forces of the Danish-Norwegian state.
A Commission Appointed to Inquire Into the Condition and Workings of Free Libraries of Various Towns in England (1869)
Authors: Johnman W. A. P. , Kendall H. 
Published: January 2014

The story of the public library movement in Darlington, County Durham, revolves around Edward Pease (1834-1880), grandson of the railway pioneer of that name. Pease was a Quaker philanthropist who in 1869, at his own expense, commissioned Revs. William A. P. Johnman, a graduate of Edinburgh University, and Henry Kendall (1832-1900), a Congregationalist minister, to spend a week visiting public libraries, mostly in the north of England and the midlands. Their extremely subjective, and at times amusing, report on the condition of the institutions which entertained them is a fascinating account of public libraries at a crucial early period in their development. Their paper represents a rare and personal eye-witness account of a number of municipal libraries which had been in existence for less than twenty years, and some of them for less than ten. Their own findings are interspersed with the comments of librarians and users, and they end with a series of wise conclusions on the advantages of public libraries. (The report itself on their travels was drawn up by Johnman and the conclusions by Kendall.) Previously unpublished, the report deserves to be compared to the various official Returns on public libraries presented to Parliament. 1 Sadly, their travels were to no avail, at least in the short term. They presented their findings to a public meeting in Darlington on 19 October 1869, but a subsequent vote of ratepayers produced only defeat. Part of the reason seems to have been because there existed already a thriving private subscription library and a Mechanics' Institute. 2 After Pease's death the trustees of his estate offered to provide funds for a library building, if the Public Libraries Acts were adopted. Not surprisingly the Acts were hastily adopted, and the Edward Pease Free Library was opened in 1885.
From Locked Cupboard to University Library: Libraries for Nurses in the UK After 1955
Authors: Wakeham Maurice 
Published: January 2014

This paper presents an outline of the history of library provIsIon for nurses in the second half of the twentieth century. The few libraries for nurses that existed in the fifties were usually attached to Schools of Nursing and often run by volunteers, clerical assistants or nurse tutors. In an organization where the emphasis was on training and skills development rather than education and reflection and the prime aim was maintaining a health service with limited resources, provision of books and journals for theoretical learning had a low priority. In turn nurses gained a reputation as people who did not read. In order to respond to problems of staff morale, recruitment and retention, in the last decade of the century attempts were made to make nursing more attractive by giving pre-registration learners student status, encouraging a research-based approach to learning and absorbing it into higher education. However many of the problems facing libraries would not be quickly resolved. An attempt will be made to explain library provision for nurses with reference to the generation of knowledge in nursing and its relationship to library based knowledge. This will touch on the role and status of the nurse, the nature of her work and training, the ideological foundations of the nursing profession and the impact that these have on the provision of library services. This article is based on a paper originally delivered at the 8th International Congress on Medical Librarianship, July 2000.
Small-scale transcriptomics reveals differences among gonadal stages in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Ravi Preethi , Jiang Junhui , Liew Woei Chang , Orbán László 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)is a protandrous hermaphrodite that typically matures as a male at approximately 2–4 years of age and then changes sex in subsequent years. Although several sexual maturation stages have been described histologically for both testis and ovary, the underlying gene expression profiles remain lacking. The development of a gene expression platform is therefore necessary to improve our understanding of the gonad development of this cultured teleost species.MethodsThirty Asian seabass gonads were collected from farms in Singapore, examined histologically and staged according to their sex and gonadal maturation status. Partial coding sequences of 24 sex-related genes were cloned using degenerate primers and were sequenced. Additional 13 cDNA sequences were obtained through next-generation sequencing. A real-time qPCR was then performed using the microfluidic-based Fluidigm 48.48 Dynamic arrays.ResultsWe obtained 17 ovaries and 13 testes at various stages of sexual maturation. Of the 37 genes that were tested, 32 (86%) showed sexually dimorphic expression. These genes included sex-related genes,sox9,wt1,amh,nr5a2,dmrt1andnr0b1, which showed testis-enhanced expression similar to other vertebrate species. Known male- and female-enhanced germ cells markers, which were established from studies in other species, similarly showed testis- and ovary-enhanced expression, respectively, in the Asian seabass. Three pro-Wnt signaling genes were also upregulated in the ovary, consistent with existing studies that suggested the role of Wnt signaling in ovarian differentiation in teleosts and mammals. The expression patterns of genes involved in steroidogenesis, retinoic acid metabolism, apoptosis and NF-κB signaling were also described. We were able to classify gonads according to sex and gonadal maturation stages, based on their small-scale transcriptomic profiles, and to uncover a wide variation in expression profiles among individuals of the same sex.ConclusionsThe analysis of a selected set of genes related to reproduction and in sufficient number of individuals using a qPCR array can elucidate new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in Asian seabass gonad development. Given the conservation of gene expression patterns found in this study, these insights may also help us draw parallels with other teleosts.
Fast two-phase image segmentation based on diffusion equations and gray level sets
Authors: Wu Boying , Ji Xiaoping , Zhang Dazhi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new scheme for image segmentation composed of two stages: in the first phase, we smooth the original image by some filters associated with noise types, such as Gaussian filters for Gaussian white noise and so on. Indeed, we propose a novel diffusion equations scheme derived from a non-convex functional for Gaussian noise removal in this paper. In the second phase, we apply a variational method for segmentation in the smoothed image domain obtained in the first phase, where we directly calculate the minimizer on the discrete gray level sets. In contrast to other image segmentation methods, there is no need for us to re-initialize parameters, which deduces the complexity of our algorithm to

O
(
N
)

(N is the number of pixels) and provides significant efficiency improvement when dealing with large-scale images. The obtained numerical results of segmentation on synthetic images and real world images both clearly outperform the main alternative methods especially for images contaminated by noise.
Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens
Authors: Leng Xiangjun , Hsu Kun-Nan , Austic Richard E , Lei Xin’ gen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass (DFA) from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status.

Methods
Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health.

Results
The 15% DFA diet decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased (P < 0.05) egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent (P < 0.05) changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health.

Conclusions
Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.
Sera of overweight people promote in vitro adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Di Bernardo Giovanni , Messina Giovanni , Capasso Stefania , Del Gaudio Stefania , Cipollaro Marilena , Peluso Gianfranco , Casale Fiorina , Monda Marcellino , Galderisi Umberto 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Overweight status should not be considered merely an aesthetic concern; rather, it can incur health risks since it may trigger a cascade of events that produce further fat tissue through altered levels of circulating signaling molecules.
There have been few studies addressing the effect of overweight status on the physiological functions of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are the progenitors of adipocytes and osteocytes and are a subset of the bone marrow stromal cell population.

Methods
We decided to investigate the influence of overweight individuals’ sera on in vitro MSC proliferation and differentiation.

Results
We observed that in vitro incubation of bone marrow stromal cells with the sera of overweight individuals promotes the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs while partially impairing proper osteogenesis.

Conclusions
These results, which represent a pilot study, might suggest that becoming overweight triggers further weight gains by promoting a bias in the differentiation potential of MSCs toward adipogenesis. The circulating factors involved in this phenomenon remain to be determined, since the great majority of the well known pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipocyte-secreted factors we investigated did not show relevant modifications in overweight serum samples compared with controls.
Mixed Finite Element Analysis of Eigenvalue Problems on Curved Domains
Authors: Dello Russo Anahí , Alonso Ana E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
In this paper we present a theoretical framework for the analysis of the numerical approximations of a particular class of
eigenvalue problems by mixed/hybrid methods. More precisely, we are interested in
eigenproblems which are defined over curved domains or have internal curved boundaries
and which may be associated with non-compact inverse operators.
To do this, we consider external domain approximations $\Omega _{h}$ of the original
domain $\Omega $, i.e., $\Omega _{h} \lnot \subset \Omega $. Sufficient conditions to ensure good convergence properties and optimal error
bounds for the external approximations of the eigenfunction/eigenvalue pairs are established. Then,
these results are applied to the study of the Stokes eigenvalue problem with slip boundary condition
defined on a curved non-convex two-dimensional domain.
Right simple singularities in positive characteristic
Authors: Greuel Gert-Martin , Nguyen Hong Duc 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

We classify isolated singularities

f
∈
K
[

[

x
1

,
...
,

x
n

]

]

${f\in K[[x_1,\ldots , x_n]]}$

, which are simple, i.e. have no moduli, with respect to right equivalence, where K is an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. For

K
=
ℝ

${K=\mathbb {R}}$

or ℂ this classification was initiated by Arnol'd, resulting in the famous ADE-series. The classification with respect to contact equivalence for p > 0 was done by Greuel and Kröning with a result similar to Arnol'd's. It is surprising that with respect to right equivalence and any given p > 0 we have only finitely many simple singularities, i.e. there are only finitely many k such that Ak
and Dk
are right simple, all the others have moduli. We conjecture a similar finiteness result for singularities with an arbitrary number of moduli. A major point of this paper is the generalisation of the notion of modality to the algebraic setting, its behaviour under morphisms, and its relations to formal deformation theory. As an application we show that the modality is semicontinuous in any characteristic.
QE-transitive abelian groups
Authors: Dugas Manfred 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
This article has been retracted due to honest error by the author. For further information, please see
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2014-0063.

Let G be a torsion-free abelian group and n be a (finite) cardinal. The group G is called n-QE-transitive if for any pure subgroups

X
,
Y

${X,Y}$

of rank n of
G, there exists some endomorphism ϕ of G such that

ϕ
(
X
)
⊆
Y

${\varphi (X)\subseteq Y}$

and

Y
/
ϕ
(
X
)

${Y/\varphi (X)}$

is a torsion abelian group. We investigate
these groups and obtain results similar to the ones for E-transitive groups.
Vergeben und Vergessen
Authors: Sass Hartmut von 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
Ist im Akt der Vergebung zugleich ein Element des Vergessens enthalten? In welchem Verhältnis stehen Vergebung und Vergessen? Und vergisst selbst Gott, wenn er vergibt? Den konstruktiven Konnotationen des Vergessens nachzugehen, scheint mit der Pflicht des Erinnerns zu kollidieren. Daher wird in einem ersten Teil im Gespräch mit Nietzsche herausgearbeitet, in welcher Hinsicht Menschen auf das Vergessen angewiesen sind. In einem zweiten Teil wird die komplizierte und verzweigte Grammatik des Vergessens expliziert. Auf dieser Basis kann in einem dritten theologischen Teil die riskante Frage beantwortet werden, in welcher Hinsicht Gott vergisst, wenn er vergibt. Dazu wird die These ausgearbeitet, wonach einerseits die Vergebung der einzige Grund des Vergessens sein darf, um einer blinden Ignoranz vorzubeugen, und wonach andererseits das Vergessen eine mögliche Folge der Vergebung sein kann, damit ein Miteinander nicht bleibend vergiftet sei, sondern als tatsächlich befreit erlebt werden kann.
Comparison of speaker dependent and speaker independent emotion recognition
Authors: Rybka Jan , Janicki Artur 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper describes a study of emotion recognition based on speech analysis. The introduction to the theory contains a review of emotion inventories used in various studies of emotion recognition as well as the speech corpora applied, methods of speech parametrization, and the most commonly employed classification algorithms. In the current study the EMO-DB speech corpus and three selected classifiers, the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), were used in experiments. SVMs turned out to provide the best classification accuracy of 75.44% in the speaker dependent mode, that is, when speech samples from the same speaker were included in the training corpus. Various speaker dependent and speaker independent configurations were analyzed and compared. Emotion recognition in speaker dependent conditions usually yielded higher accuracy results than a similar but speaker independent configuration. The improvement was especially well observed if the base recognition ratio of a given speaker was low. Happiness and anger, as well as boredom and neutrality, proved to be the pairs of emotions most often confused.
EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FORMED BY BACCILUS COAGULANS TI ON THE GROWTH OF CROPS
Authors: Lisitskaya Tatiana , Trosheva Tatiana 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The influence of cultural liquid of bacteria, Bacillus coagulans TI on the growth of several crops are studded. It was established that during the submerged cultivation on glucose-peptone medium these bacteria form gibberellins and amino acids. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with diluted cultural liquid causes the stimulation of plants growth and improves the quality of plant biomass.