bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Exercise Training for an Individual With Mixed Corticobasal Degeneration and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Features: 10-Year Case Report Follow-up
Authors: Steffen Teresa M. , Boeve Bradley F. , Petersen Cheryl M. , Dvorak Leah , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeThis case report describes the effects of long-term (10-year) participation in a community exercise program for a client with mixed features of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The effects of exercise participation on both functional status and brain volume are described.Case DescriptionA 60-year-old male dentist initially reported changes in gait and limb coordination. He received a diagnosis of atypical CBD at age 66 years; PSP was added at age 72 years. At age 70 years, the client began a therapist-led community group exercise program for people with Parkinson disease (PD). The program included trunk and lower extremity stretching and strengthening, upright balance and strengthening, and both forward and backward treadmill walking. The client participated twice weekly for 1 hour for 10 years and was reassessed in years 9 to 10.OutcomesFalls (self-reported weekly over the 10-year period of the study by the client and his wife) decreased from 1.9 falls per month in year 1 to 0.3 falls per month in year 10. Balance, walking endurance, and general mobility declined slightly. Gait speed (both comfortable and fast) declined; the client was unable to vary gait speed. Quantitative brain measurements indicated a slow rate of whole brain volume loss and ventricular expansion compared with clients with autopsy-proven CBD or PSP.DiscussionThis client has participated consistently in a regular group exercise program for 10 years. He has reduced fall frequency, maintained balance and endurance, and retained community ambulation using a walker. Combined with the slow rate of brain volume loss, this evidence supports the efficacy of a regular exercise program to prolong longevity and maintain function in people with CBD or PSP.
Overall and Cause‐Specific Mortality in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Yurkovich Marko , Vostretsova Kateryna , Chen Wenjia , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude of risk from all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population through a meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsWe searched the Medline and Embase databases from their inception to October 2011. Observational studies that met the following criteria were assessed: 1) a prespecified SLE definition; 2) overall and/or cause‐specific deaths, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), infections, malignancy, and renal disease; and 3) reported standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We calculated weighted–pooled summary estimates of SMRs (meta‐SMRs) for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality using the random‐effects model and tested for heterogeneity using the I2 statistic by using Stata/IC statistical software.ResultsWe identified 12 studies comprising 27,123 patients with SLE (4,993 observed deaths) that met the inclusion criteria. Overall, there was a 3‐fold increased risk of death in patients with SLE (meta‐SMR 2.98, 95% CI 2.32–3.83) when compared with the general population. The risks of death due to CVD (meta‐SMR 2.72, 95% CI 1.83–4.04), infection (meta‐SMR 4.98, 95% CI 3.92–6.32), and renal disease (SMR 7.90, 95% CI 5.50–11.00) were significantly increased. Mortality due to malignancy was the only cause‐specific entity not increased in SLE (meta‐SMR 1.19, 95% CI 0.89–1.59).ConclusionThe published data indicated a 3‐fold increase in all‐cause mortality in patients with SLE compared to the general population. Additionally, all cause‐specific mortality rates were increased except for malignancy, with renal disease having the highest mortality risk.
Copper Oxide Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Chalcogenation of the Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond in Thiazoles: Synthesis of 2‐(Organochalcogen)thiazoles
Authors: Rosario Alisson R. , Casola Kamila K. , Oliveira Carla E. S. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present (homepage: www.ufsm.br) herein the application of copper nanoparticles/diorganyl dichalcogenides to promote the synthesis of 2‐(organochalcogen)thiazoles via direct carbon‐hydrogen bond activation in thiazoles. A systematic study of the catalytic system revealed that the presence and amount of base played an essential role in this reaction. The results revealed that electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents, in the aromatic ring bonded to the chalcogen atom of diorganyl dichalcogenides, required one equiv. of base, while when neutral substituents were present two equiv. of base were needed to deliver the products in similar yields.magnified image
Issues of affinity: Exploring population structure in the middle and regional developments periods of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
Authors: Torres‐Rouff Christina , Knudson Kelly J. , Hubbe Mark 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Middle Period (AD 400–1000) in northern Chile's Atacama oases is characterized by an increase in social complexity and regional interaction, much of which was organized around the power and impact of the Tiwanaku polity. Despite the strong cultural influence of Tiwanaku and numerous other groups evident in interactions with Atacameños, the role of immigration into the oases during this period is unclear. While archaeological and bioarchaeological research in the region has shown no evidence that clearly indicates large groups of foreign immigrants, the contemporary increase in interregional exchange networks connecting the oases to other parts of the Andes suggests residential mobility and the possibility that movement of people both into and out of the oases accompanied these foreign influences. Here, we analyze biodistance through cranial non‐metric traits in a skeletal sample from prehistoric San Pedro de Atacama to elucidate the extent of foreign influence in the oases and discuss its implications. We analyzed 715 individuals from the Middle Period (AD 400–1000) and later Regional Developments Period (AD 1000–1450), and found greater phenotypic differences between Middle Period cemeteries than among cemeteries in the subsequent period. We argue that this greater diversity extends beyond the relationship between the oases and the renowned Tiwanaku polity and reflects the role of the oases and its different ayllus as a node and way station for the Middle Period's myriad interregional networks. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:370–382, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific inhalation challenge with flour induced release of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in nasal fluid
Authors: Castano Roberto , Welman Melanie , Trudeau Carole , Castellanos Lucero , Maghni Karim , Malo Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundNeurotrophins may play a role in the pathophysiology of allergic occupational rhinitis (OR). We sought to investigate whether an immediate allergic reaction that induces nasal inflammation is also able to induce changes in levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in nasal lavage (NAL) fluid from patients with allergic OR.MethodsTen patients sensitized to flour underwent control and active specific inhalation challenge (SIC) on consecutive days. Nasal response to SIC was monitored with acoustic rhinometry and symptoms recording. NAL was performed before and 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after control and active challenge for the assessment of levels of BDNF and inflammatory cells in NAL fluid.ResultsIn contrast to control day, flour challenge induced immediate clinical reactions in all subjects. After flour challenge, a significant increase in levels of BDNF in NAL fluid was observed at 6 hours after challenge (p < 0.05). Also, a significant increase in the number of eosinophils in NAL fluid at 30 minutes (p < 0.01), 6 hours (p < 0.01), and 24 hours (p = 0.05) postchallenge was observed. Also, levels of BDNF in NAL fluid were significantly higher at 30 minutes after flour challenge (p = 0.02) in comparison to levels on the control day at the same postchallenge time. A marginally significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and eosinophil counts at 30 minutes (r = 0.60, p = 0.06) and at 6 hours (r = 0.50, p = 0.08) after flour challenge was noted.ConclusionWe showed that BDNF is released in nasal fluid after SIC with flour. Results support the suggestion that neurotrophins may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic OR.
The development of a highly efficient photo‐initiator system and its application in the photo‐immobilization of activated sludge
Authors: Qiao Xiangli , Li Yanming 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, a highly efficient photo‐initiator system was developed, which contained potassium persulfate, N, N, N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylethylenediamine plus benzil dimethyl ketal. The photo‐initiator system could successfully initiate poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl‐acrylate prepolymer to polymerize and crosslink under the irradiation of UV rays, in the presence of concentrated activated sludge, finally leading to the formation of immobilized activate sludge pellet beads. The presence of O2 and thickness of the reaction solution did not influence the photo‐immobilization process. Respiratory measurement result demonstrated that most activated sludge kept alive during the photo‐immobilization. Mechanical strength of the immobilized cells could be improved by optimizing contents and ratio of the initiator system. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39838.
Facile fabrication of polyimide foam sheets with millimeter thickness: Processing, morphology, and properties
Authors: Ma Jing‐Jing , Zhan Mao‐Sheng , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA series of polyimide foam sheets (PIFSs) with thickness of 0.5 mm using 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 3,4′‐oxydianiline (3,4′‐ODA), and polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI) as main materials were first fabricated by liquid foaming and compression molding technology. The effects of different PAPI contents and 3,4′‐ODA contents on the structures and properties of PIFSs were investigated. The results indicated that PIFSs exhibited a structure that front surface displayed closed cells made of damaged cell walls and membranes, while internal cells were open, and elliptic vacancies were flatted in the thickness direction from the cross section. The average cellular diameter increased with increasing PAPI loading. In addition, the introduction of 3,4′‐ODA increased the average cell size of PIFSs. Further, PIFSs had density of 0.087–0.239 g/cm3, elongation at break of 3.75–8.01% and tensile toughness of 3.46 × 10−2−13.87 × 10−2 J/cm3. Notably, they exhibited higher tensile strength of 1.89–5.42 MPa and lower thermal conductivity of 14.727–19.25 mW/m •K at 24°C, compared to the polyimide foams reported earlier. The sound absorption coefficients (α) of samples with different PAPI contents increased and then decreased with increasing PAPI content. At low frequencies, a certain content of 3,4′‐ ODA allowed an improvement of the acoustical behavior of PIFSs, and the α increased and then decreased with increasing density. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39881.
Gebäudeausrichtung in der traditionellen Architektur der heiß‐ trockenen Region des Iran am Beispiel der Städte Yazd und Esfahan
Authors: Teimourtash Shabnam 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie vorliegende Studie untersucht die sogenannten Roun Ausrichtungen am Beispiel der Städte Yazd und Esfahan in der heißtrockenen des Iran. Die Städte in dieser Region weisen eine geschlossene Bauweise geprägt von Innenhöfen auf. Dabei sind die Orientierungen der Innenhöfe in Yazd in Nordost‐Südwest‐Richtung und in Esfahan Nordwest‐Südost‐Richtung (sog. Roun‐Ausrichtung). Beide Ausrichtungen zeigen eine Winkelabweichung zur Nord‐Süd‐Achse von 30°. Dabei entstehen jeweils zwei südlich und zwei nördlich ausgerichtete Hofseiten. Die Untersuchung wird anhand der täglichen und jahreszeitlichen Sonneneinstrahlung auf die vertikalen Flächen und der jahreszeitlichen Hauptwindrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die nördlichen bzw. südlichen Seiten der Innenhöfe jeweils zur Nutzung im Winterhalbjahr bzw. im Sommerhalbjahr eignen. Die Fallbeispiele in Yazd und Esfahan zeigen, dass die Roun‐Ausrichtungen in historischen Stadtgebieten vorhanden sind. Außerdem bestätigen sie die jahreszeitlich abhängige Nutzung der Räumlichkeiten um den Innenhof. Die halboffenen Räume, wie der Iwan, und die Windtürme (Ba‐dgir) werden an den südlichen Seiten des Innenhofes errichtet.Building orientation in the traditional architecture of the hot‐dry region of Iran the example of the cities Yazd and Esfahan. This study investigates the so called roun orientations on the example of two cities in the hot‐dry region of Iran, Yazd and Esfahan. Urban design in the hot‐dry region of Iran is characterized by attached buildings with internal courtyards which are separated from external public environment. The roun orientations of the internal courtyards are at 30° angle from the North‐South axis in Yazd and Esfahan clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively. These orientations provide two southern and two northern sides in an internal courtyard. The analysis is based on the annual amount of solar radiation on the courtyard walls and the seasonal wind directions which strikes them. The results demonstrate advantages of each north‐facing and south‐facing side in a roun orientation for summer and winter, respectively. Furthermore the case studies in Yazd and Esfahan illustrate the existence of roun orientations in historic districts. In addition the position of indoor semi‐open spaces such as iwan as well as wind catchers mainly on the southern sides of the case studies’ courtyards proves the advantages of these sides to be used in summer.
Ehrlich währt am längsten?
Authors: Hager Henning 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBeim Anbieten von Nachtragspreisen bei VOB/B‐Bauverträgen gerät der Unternehmer häufig in den Konflikt, entweder einen auf der Preisbasis des Hauptvertrags basierenden, nicht kostendeckenden Nachtragspreis anzubieten und somit den Projekterfolg und – langfristig – die Existenz seines Unternehmens zu riskieren oder einen überhöhten Nachtragspreis zu unterbreiten und die beschriebenen Risiken zu umgehen.Auch bietet der Unternehmer vielfach erheblich überhöhte Nachtragspreise an und hat hierfür keine Konsequenzen zu befürchten.Beide Sachverhalte, die Verpflichtung zur Ermittlung von Nachtragspreisen ausschließlich auf der Basis des Hauptvertrags und keine Sanktionierung weitaus überhöhter Nachtragspreise, tragen in erheblichem Umfang zu den häufigen Streitigkeiten um die angemessene Vergütung von Nachtragsleistungen bei.Es wird vorgeschlagen, dem Unternehmer zukünftig einen erhöhten Deckungsbeitrag für Nachtragsleistungen zu gewähren und das überhöhte Anbieten von Nachtragsleistungen zu sanktionieren.Im Fall der Verwendung der vorgeschlagenen Spielregeln in Bauverträgen wird eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Vergütungsstreitigkeiten prognostiziert.Honesty is the best policy? – Play theoretical considerations to the supplement‐dilemma with VOB/B building contractsWhile offering supplement prices with VOB/B building contracts, the entrepreneur often gets in the conflict to offer either one on the prize basis of the main contract based not cost‐covering supplement price and to risk therefore the project success and – in the long term – the existence of his company, or to present a banked supplement price and to handle the described risks.Also the entrepreneur often offers considerably banked supplement prices and has to fear no consequences for this.Both circumstances, the liability to the calculation of supplement prices exclusively on the basis of the main contract and no sanctions for banked supplement prices, contribute in considerable extent to the frequent disputes around the adequate payment of supplement performances.It is suggested granting a raised profit contribution for supplement performances to the entrepreneur in future and sanctioning banked offering of supplement performances.In case of the use of the suggested rules of the game in building contracts a considerable reduction of the reimbursement litigations is foreseen.
Integrierte Planung im Industriebau
Authors: Fuchs Maximilian , Perla Michael , Lehnert Jochen , Niederberger Katharina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlanungsprozesse für Gebäude und Bauwerke des modernen Industriebaus sind in der Regel gekennzeichnet durch eine Vielzahl zu berücksichtigender Randbedingungen und durch umfangreiche Vorgaben des Bauherrn hinsichtlich Nutzung, Kosten und Termine sowie durch eine große Zahl von projektbeteiligten Fachplanern. Um in diesem Spannungsfeld eine optimale Lösung zu erarbeiten und die Einhaltung des Kosten‐ und Terminrahmens sicherzustellen, ist eine enge Zusammenarbeit aller Projektbeteiligten zwingende Voraussetzung und die integrierte Anwendung moderner Software unverzichtbar geworden.Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert praxisnah die Herausforderungen, die bei der Bearbeitung hochkomplexer Projekte des Industriebaus unter Verwendung integrierter Planungsansätze zu bewerkstelligen sind, sodass ein effizientes und effektives Arbeiten zum Gelingen des Projekterfolges ermöglicht wird.Integrated planning for industrial buildings – Challenges of interdisciplinary designDesign and planning processes for modern industrial buildings are characterized by multitude of boundary conditions taken into account. Extensive demands of the owner and user of the buildings mentioning utilization, costs and time lines as well as many specialist consultants involved in a project have to be considered. To create an optimized solution and to secure cost and schedules a close collaboration of project participants and the use of modern software are inevitable.This contribution reports about the challenges of practical working with highly complex projects in industrial construction by using integrated approaches of design and planning to gain an efficient and effective workflow which leads to create successful projects.
Verbundverhalten von CFK‐Spannbewehrungen in UHPFRC
Authors: Stark Alexander , Hegger Josef 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Kombination einer vorgespannten CFK‐Bewehrung (Carbonfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) und UHPFRC (Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete) ermöglicht es, filigrane und weitgespannte Konstruktionen zu errichten, insbesondere wenn es sich um gefaltete und gekrümmte Schalen handelt. Wegen der Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Korrosion wird die Betondeckung der CFK‐Spannbewehrung mit sofortigem Verbund allein durch das Verbundverhalten zur rissfreien Einleitung der Vorspannung bestimmt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten vorgespannter CFK‐Bewehrung vorgestellt und ein Ausblick auf die geplanten Untersuchungen an UHPFRC‐Schalen gegeben.Bond behaviour of pre‐tensioned CFRP tendons in UHPFRCThe combination of pre‐tensioned CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) tendons in UHPFRC (Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete) makes filigree and durable constructions with long spans possible, especially with the application of folded and curved shells. Due to a high corrosion resistance of pre‐tensioned CFRP tendons, the concrete cover is governed by the bond behaviour to reach a crack‐free transmission zone. In this paper the results of an experimental study on the bond behaviour of pre‐tensioned CFRP tendons are presented and an outlook for planned investigations on UHPFRC shells is given.
A turn‐on indole‐based sensor for hydrogen sulfate ion
Authors: Wan Chin‐Feng , Yang Shih‐Tse , Lin Hsiang‐Yi , Chang Ya‐Ju , Wu An‐Tai 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA simple indole‐based receptor 1 was prepared by a simple Schiff‐base reaction of 1H‐indole‐3‐carbaldehyde with ethane 1,2‐diamine and its fluoroionophoric properties toward anions were investigated. Indole‐based receptor 1 acts as a selective turn‐on fluorescent sensor for HSO4− in methanol among a series of tested anions. Fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging support that the HSO4– indeed interacted with imine nitrogen and the proton of nitrogen in indole ring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diterpenoids from Acanthopanax brachypusHarms
Authors: Hu Hao‐Bin , Zheng Xu‐Dong , Hu Huai‐Sheng , Wu Yun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFour diterpenoids, including two new ones, namely noracanthopanin A (1) and acanthopanolide B (2), and two known ones, ent‐pimara‐9(11),15‐dien‐19‐oic acid (3) and ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus Harms. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against HO‐8910 cells with IC50 values of 65.21±0.23 and 31.43±1.01 μg/ml, respectively, and 2 showed selective weak cytotoxicity against SMMC‐7721 cells (IC50 89.67±2.54 μg/ml).
Aggregation‐Induced Emission of 1,8‐NaphthalimideCasein Micelle: Investigation by Synchronous Spectrographic Method
Authors: Sun Yang , Liang Xuhua , Zhao Yingyong , Fan Jun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel 1,8‐naphthalimide probe 1, bearing two acetic‐acid moieties was synthesized. The acetic‐acid groups, docked into the sub‐domains of casein micelle and bound with tryptophan residues, and the 1,8‐naphthalimide chromophore adsorbed on the surface of casein micelle, forming a supermolecule, 1casein micelle, which exhibited the aggregation‐induced synchronous emission (AISE) characters. The effect of pH on the intensity of supermolecule was investigated, and the result indicated that the emission enhancement was mainly due to the 1,8‐naphthalimide chromophore aggregated onto the casein micelle. Based on AISE, a novel casein quantification method was developed, which exhibited a good linear range of 0.05–10.0 μg ml−1 and 0.07–9.5 μg ml−1 with the detection limits of 2.8 and 3.0 ng ml−1. The effects of metal ions and pH on the system of 1casein micelle were investigated. The proposed method was applied to determine casein in milk samples, and the results were in good agreement with the result of the Biuret method.
Increases in Both Acute and Chronic Temperature Potentiate Tocotrienol Concentrations in Wild Barley at ‘Evolution Canyon’
Authors: Shen Yu , Lansky Ephraim , Traber Maret , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiosynthesis of tocols (vitamin E isoforms) is linked to response to temperature in plants. ‘Evolution Canyon’, an ecogeographical microcosm extending over an average of 200 meters (range 100–400) wide area in the Carmel Mountains of northern Israel, has been suggested as a model for studying global warming. Both domestic (Hordeum vulgare) and wild (Hordeum spontaneum) barley compared with wheat, oat, corn, rice, and rye show high tocotrienol/tocopherol ratios. Therefore, we hypothesized that tocol distribution might change in response to global warming. α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherol, and α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocotrienol concentrations were measured in wild barley (H. spontaneum) seeds harvested from the xeric (African) and mesic (European) slopes of Evolution Canyon over a six‐year period from 2005–2011. Additionally, we examined seeds from areas contiguous to and distant from the part of the Canyon severely burned during the Carmel Fire of December 2010. Increased α‐tocotrienol (p<0.01) was correlated with 1) temperature increases, 2) to the hotter ‘African’ slope in contrast to the cooler ‘European’ slope, and 3) to propinquity to the fire. The study illustrates the role of α‐tocotrienol in both chronic and acute temperature adaptation in wild barley and suggests future research into thermoregulatory mechanisms in plants.