bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activities of daily life recognition using process representation modelling to support intention analysis
Authors: Naeem Usman , Bashroush Rabih , Anthony Richard , Azam Muhammad Awais , Tawil Abdel Rahman , Lee Sin Wee , Wong M.L. Dennis 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to focus on applying a range of traditional classification- and semantic reasoning-based techniques to recognise activities of daily life (ADLs). ADL recognition plays an important role in tracking functional decline among elderly people who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. Accurate recognition enables smart environments to support and assist the elderly to lead an independent life for as long as possible. However, the ability to represent the complex structure of an ADL in a flexible manner remains a challenge.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents an ADL recognition approach, which uses a hierarchical structure for the representation and modelling of the activities, its associated tasks and their relationships. This study describes an approach in constructing ADLs based on a task-specific and intention-oriented plan representation language called Asbru. The proposed method is particularly flexible and adaptable for caregivers to be able to model daily schedules for Alzheimer’s patients.

Findings
– A proof of concept prototype evaluation has been conducted for the validation of the proposed ADL recognition engine, which has comparable recognition results with existing ADL recognition approaches.

Originality/value
– The work presented in this paper is novel, as the developed ADL recognition approach takes into account all relationships and dependencies within the modelled ADLs. This is very useful when conducting activity recognition with very limited features.
When allegedly corrupt organizations are attractive
Authors: Rabl Tanja 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– Based on social identity theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore how detrimental allegations of corruption are to potential applicants’ organizational attraction and how potential harm can be absorbed by choosing an appropriate response strategy.Design/methodology/approach– Experimental survey data were collected from 239 German employees likely to be in the job market again in their careers.Findings– Potential applicants are less attracted to allegedly corrupt organizations. Accepting the allegation and undertaking structural change, appealing to higher organizational goals, and denying the allegation appear to be effective organizational response strategies. A strategy concordant with the one potential applicants would choose if they themselves were confronted with an allegation of corruption fosters attraction.Research limitations/implications– The experimental design limits external validity. Future research should investigate whether the findings hold in a field setting where additional information about the organization and the potential job is available.Practical implications– The findings demonstrate the need for organizational corruption prevention efforts. If organizations face allegations of corruption, they should carefully consider how to respond, what they signal by the chosen response strategy, and what applicants they are therefore likely to attract.Social implications– The observed interactions between organizations and individuals underline the need for societal efforts in creating a societal anti-corruption climate.Originality/value– The study highlights the critical role of allegations of corruption, organizational response strategies, and concordance with individual response strategies regarding potential applicants’ organizational attraction.
Collective norms of engagement link to individual engagement
Authors: Griffin Barbara 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to apply a group norm approach to explain how average engagement across an organization is related to an individual’s level of engagement.Design/methodology/approach– Survey data were collected from over 46,000 participants from 140 organizations. Multi-level analysis tested the hypotheses that similarity (in terms of shared status) and likely interaction would determine the extent a group’s norms affected individual engagement. Normative data and the dependent variable data were provided by different participants.Findings– Results supported the aggregation of individuals’ measure of engagement to form three norms within an organization: an employee norm, a manager norm and a senior leader norm. These engagement norms were significantly related to an individual’s engagement at work beyond the effect of both organizational resources and manager support. Individuals were more strongly influenced by the norm of those in the organization with whom they were most similar and with whom they were likely to interact.Originality/value– Provides evidence that engagement exists at the group level and that status groups within the organization have norms that independently affect individual-level engagement.
Age replacement policies for two-component systems with stochastic dependence
Authors: Malki Zouheir , Ait-Kadi Daoud , Ouali Mohamed-Salah 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate age replacement policies for two-component parallel system with stochastic dependence. The stochastic dependence considered, is modeled by a one-sided domino effect. The failure of component 1 at instant t may induce the failure of component 2 at instant t+τ with probability p
1→2. The time delay τ is a random variable with known probability density function h

p
1→2
(.). The system is considered in a failed state when both components are failed. The proposed replacement policies suggest to replace the system upon failure or at age T whichever occurs first.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the first policy, costs and durations associated with maintenance activities are supposed to be constant. In the second replacement policy, the preventive replacement cost depends on the system’s state and age. The expected cost per unit of time over an infinite span is derived and numerical examples are presented.

Findings
– In this paper and especially in the second policy, the authors find that the authors can get a more economical policy if the authors consider that the preventive replacement cost is not constant but depends on T.

Originality/value
– In this paper, the authors take into account of the stochastic dependence between system components. This dependence affects the global reliability of the system and replacement’s periodicity. It can be used to measure the performance of the system et introduced into design phase of the system.
Improving quality of maintenance through Simplified Technical English
Authors: Knezevic Jezdimir 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the maintenance errors caused by the lack of understanding of maintenance manuals. English is the official language of civil aviation and all relevant maintenance manuals are written in it, but – for 80 per cent of the global maintenance personnel who are using such manuals – English is not their native language. The majority of these users have knowledge of English that is rather limited and they are easily confused by complex sentences and by the number of meanings and synonyms that English words may have.

Design/methodology/approach
– Scientific analysis of the faulty maintenance tasks to determine the impact of the inability of maintenance personnel to correctly understand maintenance manual written in English.

Findings
– Analysis of the maintenance processes clearly shows that ineffective communication between system designers and maintenance personnel, through maintenance documentation, is a well-recognised contributor to the occurrence of a faulty maintenance task.

Practical implications
– Significant improvements in the direction of effective communication and improvement in a quality of maintenance could be achieved by applying Simplified Technical English (ASD-STE100), the benefit of which on the quality of maintenance is presented in this paper.

Originality/value
– Unique consideration of the quality of maintenance, which is to see it as a function of the comprehension of maintenance manuals written in English.
Relationship between arsenic‐containing drinking water and skin cancers in the arseniasis endemic areas in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Pai‐Shan , Weng Shih‐Feng , Chiang Chi‐Hsuan , Lai Feng‐Jie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractArtesian well‐water had high concentrations of arsenic that led to the well‐known black foot disease in Taiwan around the 1950s, and the associated cancers including skin cancer, bladder cancers and lung cancers. We sought to estimate the standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) and age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the black foot disease endemic areas (BFDEA) in Taiwan. A nationwide retrospective population‐based survey was done with the data from the National Taiwan Cancer Registry Center between 1979 and 2007. Among the 29‐year period, there were 11 191 cases with SCC and 13 684 cases with BCC diagnosed pathologically. The incidence rates were 4–6‐fold higher for SCC and 3–4‐fold higher for BCC in the BFDEA compared with the rest of Taiwan. The SMR decreased after stopping arsenic‐containing well‐water drinking in the 1970s. The arsenic level in the drinking water, amount of contaminated water intake, occupation and sun‐exposure time were not documented. This is the first nationwide, population‐based study that shows the relationship between arsenic intoxication and non‐melanoma skin cancers (SCC and BCC) through comparing the data in people living in the BFDEA and non‐BFDEA in Taiwan.
Feed or fight: testing the impact of food availability and intraspecific aggression on the functional ecology of an island lizard
Authors: Donihue Colin M. , Brock Kinsey M. , Foufopoulos Johannes , Herrel Anthony 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBody size often varies among insular populations relative to continental conspecifics – the ‘island rule’ – and functional, context‐dependent morphological differences tend to track this body size variation on islands.Two hypotheses are often proposed as potential drivers of insular population differences in morphology: one relating to diet and the other involving intraspecific competition and aggression. We directly tested whether differences in morphology and maximum bite capacity were explained by interisland changes in hardness of both available and consumed prey, and levels of lizard‐to‐lizard aggression among small‐island populations.Our study included 11 islands in the Greek Cyclades and made use of a gradient in island area spanning five orders of magnitude. We focused on the widespread lizardPodarcis erhardii.We found that on smaller islands,P. erhardiibody size was larger, head height was larger relative to body size, and maximum bite capacity became proportionally stronger.This pattern in morphology and performance was not related to differences in diet, but was highly correlated with proxies of intraspecific aggression – bite scars and missing toes.Our findings suggest that critical functional traits such as body size and bite force inP. erhardiifollow the predictions of the island rule and are changing in response to changes in the competitive landscape across islands of different sizes.
Impact of disease on diversity and productivity of plant populations
Authors: Creissen Henry E. , Jorgensen Tove H. , Brown James K. M. 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Experiments were conducted on the role of intra‐ and inter‐genotypic competition in ecological processes operating at the population scale in diseased plant populations.

Combinations of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes showing variation for phenotypic traits relating to competitive ability and pathogen compatibility were infected with the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Turnip yellows virus in separate experiments. Plant fitness and competitive ability were estimated from phenotypic measurements.

Pathogen‐induced reduction in competitive ability for susceptible genotypes increased the competitive ability of resistant genotypes, resulting in maintenance of yield via competitive release. The two diseases had different effects on competitive interactions between plants. In experiments involving the oomycete, the highest yields were produced by mixtures of two weakly competing genotypes.

The Arabidopsis model system has elucidated the ecological processes by which compensatory competitive interactions can increase the buffering capacity of plant populations under pathogen attack. Highly competitive genotypes may not maximize the productivity of the population as a whole, as they may over‐yield at the expense of less competitive, more productive genotypes. The specific outcomes of competitive interactions cannot be generalized because they depend on the disease and the host genotypes.
The End of a Romance? A Note on the Quantitative Impacts of a ‘Brexit’ from the EU
Authors: Boulanger Pierre , Philippidis George 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study suggests UK equivalent variation (EV) gains of €8.9 billion on withdrawal from the EU budget. Factoring in associated trade facilitation costs from the loss of UK access to the single market, annual UK EV losses could be as high as €14.0 billion, with the EU‐28 facing a corresponding loss of €40.4 billion. Interestingly, the extrapolated UK gain arising from withdrawal from the ‘CAP’ component of the EU budget exceeds estimated lower and upper bound trade facilitation costs exclusively on EU agrofood trade. Accordingly, the UK should realistically remain as an EU member, although continue to lobby for reductions in the CAP budget.
Effect of Head Position on Facial Soft Tissue Depth Measurements Obtained Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Caple Jodi M. , Stephan Carl N. , Gregory Laura S. , MacGregor Donna M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFacial soft tissue depth (FSTD) studies employing clinical computed tomography (CT) data frequently rely on depth measurements from raw 2D orthoslices. However, the position of each patient's head was not standardized in this method, potentially decreasing measurement reliability and accuracy. This study measured FSTDs along the original orthoslice plane and compared these measurements to those standardized by the Frankfurt horizontal (FH). Subadult cranial CT scans (n = 115) were used to measure FSTDs at 18 landmarks. Significant differences were observed between the methods at eight of these landmarks (p < 0.05), demonstrating that high‐quality data are not generated simply by employing modern imaging modalities such as CT. Proper technique is crucial to useful results, and maintaining control over head position during FSTD data collection is important. This is easily and most readily achieved in CT techniques by rotating the head to the FH plane after constructing a 3D rendering of the data.
Assessment of the Role Played by N‐propanol Found in Postmortem Blood in the Discrimination Between Antemortem Consumption and Postmortem Formation of Ethanol Using Rats
Authors: Liang Hao , Kuang Shenyi , Guo Lin , Yu Tianfang , Rao Yulan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study disproves the reliability of n‐propanol as a biomarker to establish whether the ethanol found in postmortem blood is derived from antemortem ingestion or postmortem putrefactive processes. Two groups of rats were given ethanol or normal saline solution, respectively, and sacrificed 1.5 h later. After putrefaction, blood and, in a few cases, urine samples from the rats were analyzed for ethanol and n‐propanol by head‐space gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detection. Although the concentration ratios of ethanol/n‐propanol in the postmortem blood collected from the bodies without prior alcohol consumption were expected to be <20 (as per limited case reports and previous in vitro studies), in samples from several rats that were on saline solution, this ratio was found to exceed 20. In conclusion, the concentration ratio of ethanol/n‐propanol in postmortem blood does not allow for the discernment between antemortem ingestion and the postmortem synthesis of ethanol.
An exploratory study comparing two electronic portfolio approaches in undergraduate dietetic education
Authors: Porter Judi , Kleve Suzanne , Palermo Claire 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe use of electronic portfolios in university learning, including within dietetic education, is increasing. We aimed to implement and evaluate an ePortfolio model as part of a final year undergraduate foodservice management unit. The qualitative evaluation focused on the relationships between different modes of eLearning.MethodsA randomised parallel model study design was implemented, with the cohort of 52 students allocated to two different ePortfolio approaches. One student group received a blended learning teaching and learning model via the traditional study only Moodle ePortfolio. The second group received the enhanced Mahara ePortfolio through a supported online ePortfolio platform. Focus groups with study groups (Moodle ePortfolio, n = 16 students and Mahara ePorfolio, n = 15 students) were facilitated by an independent researcher. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed with data analysed separately and then together. Use of thematic analysis enabled comparisons to be made between the two ePortfolio experiences.ResultsThematic analysis found broad themes of satisfaction and supporting learning consistently across both ePortfolio models. Satisfaction was related to both achievement and creativity of portfolio production. Subthemes related to supporting learning included: students requiring support with implementation of new technology, and more clearly defined assessment tasks to improve compatibility with the Mahara ePortfolio.ConclusionsThis research has provided key learnings for the incorporation of ePortfolios into foodservice management education, enabling unit content to meet the needs and expectations of students. Foodservice management competencies can be developed and demonstrated within ePortfolios as part of a blended learning approach.
The Process of Macroprudential Oversight in Europe
Authors: Sarlin Peter , Nyman Henrik J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe 2007–2008 financial crisis has paved the way for the use of macroprudential policies in supervising the financial system as a whole. This article views macroprudential oversight in Europe as a process, a sequence of activities with the ultimate aim of safeguarding financial stability. To conceptualize a process in this context, we introduce the notion of a public collaborative process (PCP).PCPs involve multiple organizations with a common objective, where a number of dispersed organizations cooperate under various unstructured forms and take a collaborative approach to reaching the final goal. We argue thatPCPs can and should essentially be managed using the tools and practices common for business processes. To this end, we conduct an assessment of process readiness for macroprudential oversight in Europe. Based upon interviews with key European policy makers and supervisors, we provide an analysis model to assess the maturity of five process enablers for macroprudential oversight. With the results of our analysis, we give clear recommendations on the areas that need further attention when macroprudential oversight is being developed, in addition to providing a general purpose framework for monitoring the impact of improvement efforts.
Factors Contributing to Inappropriate Visits of Frequent Attenders and Their Economic Effects at an Emergency Department in Singapore
Authors: Boh Connie , Li Huihua , Finkelstein Eric , Haaland Benjamin , Xin Xiaohui , Yap Susan , Pasupathi Yogeswary , Ong Marcus EH 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine which factors contribute to frequent visits at the emergency department (ED) and what proportion were inappropriate in comparison with nonfrequent visits.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, case‐control study comparing a random sample of frequent attenders and nonfrequent attenders, with details of their ED visits recorded over a 12‐month duration. Frequent attenders were defined as patients with four or more visits during the study period.ResultsIn comparison with nonfrequent attenders (median age = 45.0 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 28.0 to 61.0 years), frequent attenders were older (median = 57.5 years, IQR = 34.0 to 74.8 years; p = 0.0003). They were also found to have more comorbidities, where 53.3% of frequent attenders had three or more chronic illnesses compared to 14% of nonfrequent attenders (p < 0.0001), and were often triaged to higher priority (more severe) classes (frequent 52.2% vs. nonfrequent 37.6%, p = 0.0004). Social issues such as bad debts (12.7%), heavy drinking (3.3%), and substance abuse (2.7%) were very low in frequent attenders compared to Western studies. Frequent attenders had a similar rate of appropriate visits to the ED as nonfrequent attenders (55.2% vs. 48.1%, p = 0.0892), but were more often triaged to P1 priority triage class (6.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.0014) and were more often admitted for further management compared to nonfrequent attenders (47.5% vs. 29.6%, p < 0.001). The majority of frequent attender visits were appropriate (55.2%), and of these, 81.1% resulted in admission. For the same number of patients, total visits made by frequent attenders ($174,247.60) cost four times as much as for nonfrequent attenders ($40,912.40). This represents a significant economic burden on the health care system.ConclusionsED frequent attenders in Singapore were associated with higher age and presence of multiple comorbidities rather than with social causes of ED use. Even in integrated health systems, repeat ED visits are frequent and expensive, despite minimal social causes of acute care. EDs in aging populations must anticipate the influx of vulnerable, elderly patients and have in place interventional programs to care for them.
Factors associated with illicit methadone injecting in a Canadian setting
Authors: Tucker Devin , Milloy M‐J , Hayashi Kanna , Nguyen Paul , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesWhile methadone is well established as an evidence‐based treatment for opioid use disorder, safety concerns persist regarding its diversion. The authors examine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with injection of methadone in an urban population.MethodsBetween December 2005 and November 2013, data were derived from two open prospective studies of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Vancouver, Canada. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with illicit methadone injecting.ResultsDuring the study, 1911 individuals (34% women) were recruited; 134 (7%) participants reported methadone injecting at least once. In multivariable analysis, Caucasian ethnicity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–3.00]; homelessness (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09–1.95); drug dealing (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.50–2.93); ≥daily heroin injection (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.08–2.26); ≥daily crack smoking (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.44–2.95); being a victim of violence (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04–2.12); and non‐fatal overdose (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.67 (1.00–2.79) were independently and positively associated with methadone injection; female gender (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.30–0.75) was negatively associated.Discussion and ConclusionsThe diversion of methadone for illicit injection in this urban setting was associated with several markers of addiction severity and other health and social vulnerabilities.Scientific SignificanceThese findings underscore the need to ensure methadone accessibility while limiting diversion‐related risk. (Am J Addict 2015;24:532–537)