bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
House finch responses to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection do not vary with experimentally increased aggression
Authors: Adelman James Stephen , Moore Ignacio Tomás , Hawley Dana Michelle 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAggression can alter infectious disease dynamics through two, non‐exclusive mechanisms: 1) increasing direct contact among hosts and 2) altering hosts' physiological response to pathogens. Here we examined the latter mechanism in a social songbird by manipulating intraspecific aggression in the absence of direct physical contact. We asked whether the extent of aggression an individual experiences alters glucocorticoid levels, androgen levels, and individual responses to infection in an ecologically relevant disease model: house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Wild‐caught male finches were housed in one of three settings, designed to produce increasing levels of aggression: 1) alone, with no neighbor (“no neighbor”), 2) next to a sham‐implanted stimulus male (“sham neighbor”), or 3) next to a testosterone‐implanted stimulus male (“testosterone neighbor”). Following one week of social treatment, focal males were experimentally infected with MG, which causes severe conjunctivitis and induces sickness behaviors such as lethargy and anorexia. While social treatment increased aggression as predicted, there were no differences among groups in baseline corticosterone levels, total circulating androgens, or responses to infection. Across all focal individuals regardless of social treatment, pre‐infection baseline corticosterone levels were negatively associated with the severity of conjunctivitis and sickness behaviors, suggesting that corticosterone may dampen inflammatory responses in this host‐pathogen system. However, because corticosterone levels differed based upon population of origin, caution must be taken in interpreting this result. Taken together, these results suggest that in captivity, although aggression does not alter individual responses to MG, corticosterone may play a role in this disease. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 39–51, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical cell therapy imaging using a perfluorocarbon tracer and fluorine‐19 MRI
Authors: Ahrens Eric T. , Helfer Brooke M. , O'Hanlon Charles F. , Schirda Claudiu 
Published: November 2014

PurposeCellular therapeutics are emerging as a treatment option for a host of serious human diseases. To accelerate clinical translation, noninvasive imaging of cell grafts in clinical trials can potentially be used to assess the initial delivery and behavior of cells.MethodsThe use of a perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer agent for clinical fluorine‐19 (19F) MRI cell detection is described. This technology was used to detect immunotherapeutic dendritic cells (DCs) delivered to colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Autologous DC vaccines were labeled with a PFC MRI agent ex vivo. Patients received DCs intradermally, and 19F spin‐density‐weighted MRI at 3 Tesla (T) was used to observe cells.ResultsSpin‐density‐weighted 19F images at the injection site displayed DCs as background‐free “hot‐spot” images. 19F images were acquired in clinically relevant scan times (<10 min). Apparent DC numbers could be quantified in two patients from the 19F hot‐spots and were observed to decrease by ∼50% at injection site by 24 h. From 3T phantom studies, the sensitivity limit for DC detection is estimated to be on the order of ∼105 cells/voxel in this study.ConclusionThese results help to establish a clinically applicable means to track a broad range of cell types used in cell therapy. Magn Reson Med 72:1696–1701, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society of Medicine in Resonance.
Microsporidial polymyositis in human immunodeficiency virus−infected patients, a rare life‐threatening opportunistic infection: Clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and management in resource‐limited settings
Authors: Patel Atul K. , Patel Ketan K. , Chickabasaviah Yasha T. , Shah Shalin D. , Patel Drupad J. , Narayanappa Gayathri , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Microsporidial myositis is a rare opportunistic infection that has been reported in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected immunocompromised patients. Methods: In this study we present a retrospective analysis of 5 cases of microsporidial myositis in HIV‐infected patients, including the clinical, laboratory, and histologic features, and a review of the literature. Results: Five young men with HIV infection [median CD4 count of 20 cells (range 14−144)/mm3] who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of myositis underwent EMG‐NCV and muscle biopsy, which revealed signs compatible with microsporidial myositis. Early and aggressive treatment led to improvement in 3 patients. Two of the 5 patients died due to a delay in diagnosis, because the spores were mistaken for Candida without confirmatory stains or a high index of suspicion. Conclusions: Myositis in HIV‐infected patients with low CD4 counts should be evaluated using muscle biopsy. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of microsporidial myositis in HIV‐infected patients. Early diagnosis and immediate, aggressive treatment are the keys to favorable outcomes in these patients. Muscle Nerve 51:775–780, 2015
Polygonal finite elements for finite elasticity
Authors: Chi Heng , Talischi Cameron , Lopez‐Pamies Oscar , H.Paulino Glaucio 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYNonlinear elastic materials are of great engineering interest, but challenging to model with standard finite elements. The challenges arise because nonlinear elastic materials are characterized by non‐convex stored‐energy functions as a result of their ability to undergo large reversible deformations, are incompressible or nearly incompressible, and often times possess complex microstructures. In this work, we propose and explore an alternative approach to model finite elasticity problems in two dimensions by using polygonal discretizations. We present both lower order displacement‐based and mixed polygonal finite element approximations, the latter of which consist of a piecewise constant pressure field and a linearly‐complete displacement field at the element level. Through numerical studies, the mixed polygonal finite elements are shown to be stable and convergent. For demonstration purposes, we deploy the proposed polygonal discretization to study the nonlinear elastic response of rubber filled with random and periodic distributions of rigid particles, as well as the development of cavitation instabilities in elastomers containing vacuous defects. These physically‐based examples illustrate the potential of polygonal finite elements in studying and modeling nonlinear elastic materials with complex microstructures under finite deformations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and robust localization scheme on massively distributed systems
Authors: Shenoy Rajiv , Smith Marilyn , Park Michael 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA parallel localization scheme is presented to enable solution transfers between unstructured grids. The scheme relies on neighbor walks to reduce the number of candidate elements that are visited to find the enclosing element. An advancing front method efficiently allows a subset of nodes to efficiently sweep through the grid, progressively reducing search spaces. The algorithm is parallelized permitting solution transfers over arbitrary grid decompositions. A hierarchical localization process helps prevent the neighbor walk algorithm from failing when encountering the boundaries of a concave domain by localizing the boundaries before the interior of the domain is localized. Random selections of the next step interrupt cyclic loops that may occur during a neighbor walk. The complexity of the search algorithm is verified over parallel decompositions and is effectively independent of the number of partitions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified approach for embedded boundary conditions for fourth‐order elliptic problems
Authors: Harari Isaac , Grosu Eran 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAn efficient procedure for embedding kinematic boundary conditions in the biharmonic equation, for problems such as the pure streamfunction formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations and thin plate bending, is based on a stabilized variational formulation, obtained by Nitsche's approach for enforcing boundary constraints. The absence of kinematic admissibility constraints allows the use of non‐conforming meshes with non‐interpolatory approximations, thereby providing added flexibility in addressing the higher continuity requirements typical of these problems. Variationally conjugate pairs weakly enforce kinematic boundary conditions. The use of a scaling factor leads to a formulation with a single stabilization parameter. For plates, the enforcement of tangential derivatives of deflections obviates the need for pointwise enforcement of corner values in the presence of corners. The single stabilization parameter is determined from a local generalized eigenvalue problem, guaranteeing coercivity of the discrete bilinear form. The accuracy of the approach is verified by representative computations with bicubic B‐splines, providing guidance to the determination of the scaling and exhibiting optimal rates of convergence and robust performance with respect to values of the stabilization parameter. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to prenatal smoking and early‐life body composition: The healthy start study
Authors: Harrod Curtis S. , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Chasan‐Taber Lisa , Reynolds Regina M. , Glueck Deborah H. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo examine associations between exposure to prenatal smoking and early‐life changes in fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and anthropometrics.MethodsAbout 670 mother–offspring pairs were analyzed in the longitudinal Healthy Start study. Maternal smoking data were collected during prenatal research visits. Offspring body composition and size were measured by air displacement plethysmography at delivery and postnatal follow‐up (5 months) visits.ResultsComparing exposed and unexposed offspring, exposure to prenatal smoking was significantly associated with reduced neonatal FM (P = 0.007) and FFM (P = 0.02). In contrast, at 5 months, exposed offspring had comparable FM (P = 0.61) and FFM (P = 0.41). After subsequent adjustment for birth weight, offspring exposed to prenatal smoking had significantly greater FFM (154.7 g, 0.5, 309.0; P = 0.049) and sum of skinfolds (2.7 mm, 0.06, 5.3; P = 0.04). From delivery to follow‐up, exposed offspring had significantly greater increases in FFM (156.4 g, 2.8, 310.1; P = 0.046) and sum of skinfolds (2.7 mm, 0.06, 5.3; P = 0.04), even after adjustment for respective delivery measures.ConclusionsExposure to prenatal smoking was significantly associated with rapid postnatal growth, which may increase the offspring's risk of metabolic diseases.
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell aggressiveness by activating the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Dai Ting , Zhang Dongsheng , Cai Muyan , Wang Chanjuan , Wu Zhiqiang , Ying Zhe , Wu Jueheng , Li Mengfeng , Xie Dan , Li Jun , Song Libing 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, in which the NF‐κB pathway plays an important role and is constitutively activated. Better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and the NF‐κB pathway are needed to improve patient outcomes. Herein, we identified an unappreciated protein involved in NF‐κB‐induced activation, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GOLPH3 were frequently up‐regulated in HCC and GOLPH3 expression correlated closely with clinical stage and survival in both the testing and validation cohorts. Ectopic over‐expression of GOLPH3 in PLC/PRF/5 (PLC) and Huh7 HCC cells protected against cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, promoted angiogenesis and proliferation and increased the aggressiveness of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas inhibition of GOLPH3 led to decreased aggressiveness. Through analysis of two published HCC patient profiles, GOLPH3 expression significantly correlated with NF‐κB signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GOLPH3 promoted K63‐linked polyubiquitination of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2), receptor interacting protein (RIP) and NF‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) and substantially sustained the activation of NF‐κB in HCC cells. Taken together, our findings provided evidence that GOLPH3 is a prognostic and/or potential therapeutic biomarker for HCC patients and plays an important role in activation of the NF‐κB pathway during HCC progression. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methyl branching in polyethylene from homopolymerization of ethylene with N‐arylcyano‐β‐diketiminate methallyl nickel‐B(C6F5)3
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandra S. , Galland Griselda Barrera , Milani Marcéo A. , Rojas Rene S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTN‐Arylcyano‐β‐diketiminate methallyl nickel complexes activated with B(C6F5)3 were used in the polymerization of ethylene. The microstructure analysis of obtained polyethylene (PE) was done by differential scanning calorimetry and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The branched polymer structures produced by these catalysts were attributed to one step isomerization mechanism of the catalyst along the polymer chain. The ortho or para position of the cyano group with co‐ordinated B(C6F5)3 in both methallyl nickel catalysts influenced the polymer molecular weight, branching, and consequently melting and crystallization temperatures. NMR spectroscopic studies showed predominantly the formation of methyl branches in the obtained PE. Catalysts under study gave linear low‐density PEs with good crystallinities at temperatures of reaction between 50 °C and 70 °C at moderate pressures (12.3 atm). A propylene–ethylene copolymer produced by the metallocene catalyst had the same concentration of branches as the PE synthesized from methallyl nickel/B(C6F5)3. Comparing the two polyolefins with the same degree of branching, it was observed that the polymer obtained with the nickel catalyst proved to be twice more crystalline and had greater Tm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 452–458
Mobile middleware platform for secure vessel traffic system in IoT service environment
Authors: Park Namje , Bang Hyo‐Chan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Inter‐VTS Data Exchange Format (IVEF) service is the draft standard designed for exchange of information on sea traffic between the vessel traffic systems and between the vessels. Standardization of this service is under way as a part of the next‐generation navigation system, called e‐Navigation. The International Association of Lighthouse Authorities suggests, on its recommendation V‐145, the IVEF service model and the protocol for provisioning of this service. But the detailed configuration of this service must be designed by the users. IVEF service is aimed at establishing a common framework to ensure exchange of ship information between vessel traffic service (VTS) centers gained via automatic ship identification device, closed‐circuit television, radar system and other devices. Robust exchange of marine traffic information between VTS centers through IVEF service will enable related authorities to identify location of domestic and international ships in the coastal waters real‐time and predict expected sea route, thus ensure effective sea route control and pre‐emptive response to potential disasters or accidents. This paper suggests, based on the basic service model and protocol provided in the recommendation V‐145, the implementation of the Jeju‐VTS middleware, which will facilitate exchange of information on sea traffic. This paper developed a system enabling IVEF service simulation under an Internet of Things environment made possible by improving IVEF software development kit, which is an open source. For this, a mobile phone loaded with Android platform and desk top PC has been used for emulation of a ship on voyage and VTS center. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pairing community health workers with HPV self‐sampling for cervical cancer prevention in rural Haiti
Authors: Mandigo Morgan , Frett Brigitte , Laurent Jean Robert , Bishop Ian , Raymondville Maxi , Marsh Sarah , Kobetz Erin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a program in which community health workers (CHWs) provided women with self‐sampling devices to detect high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 13 CHWs visited homes in a rural area in Haiti's Central Plateau to recruit premenopausal women aged 30–50 years between July 2009 and April 2010. Eligible women had not undergone a cervical smear in the previous 3 years. Participants learned about cervical cancer and self‐sampling for HPV testing before using a self‐sampler in private. They then completed a questionnaire. CHWs later returned to provide results and advice about follow‐up care.ResultsCHWs enrolled 493 women. Among the 485 women for whom questionnaires were received, 468 (96.5%) were comfortable using the self‐sampler and 484 (99.8%) stated they would recommend it to others. Among 426 analyzed samples, 54 (12.7%) were positive for high‐risk HPV, of whom 46 (85.2%) received follow‐up care and 17 (31.5%) had precursor lesions and were treated.ConclusionUsing a CHW‐led intervention, women at high risk for developing cervical cancer were identified and navigated to preventive care. Therefore, pairing CHWs with HPV self‐sampling is a promising strategy to combat cervical cancer in rural Haiti and similar settings.
A pinned or free-floating rigid plate on a thin viscous film
Authors: Trinh Philippe H. , Wilson Stephen K. , Stone Howard A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA pinned or free-floating rigid plate lying on the free surface of a thin film of viscous fluid, which itself lies on top of a horizontal substrate that is moving to the right at a constant speed is considered. The focus of the present work is to describe how the competing effects of the speed of the substrate, surface tension, viscosity, and, in the case of a pinned plate, the prescribed pressure in the reservoir of fluid at its upstream end, determine the possible equilibrium positions of the plate, the free surface, and the flow within the film. The present problems are of interest both in their own right as paradigms for a range of fluid–structure interaction problems in which viscosity and surface tension both play an important role, and as a first step towards the study of elastic effects.
Transition through Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in a breaking internal lee wave
Authors: Yakovenko Sergey N. , Thomas T. Glyn , Castro Ian P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractResults of direct numerical simulations of the transitional processes that characterise the evolution of a breaking internal gravity wave to a fully developed and essentially steady turbulent patch are presented. The stationary lee wave was forced by the imposition of an appropriate bottom boundary shape within a density-stratified domain having a uniform upstream velocity and density gradient, and with the ratio of momentum to thermal (or other) diffusivity defined by$\mathit{Pr}=1$. An earlier paper considered the eventual, fully developed turbulent patch arising after the breaking process is complete (Yakovenkoet al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 677, 2011, pp. 103–133); the focus in this paper is on the instabilities in the breaking process itself. The flow is analysed using streamlines, density contours and temporal and spatial spectra, as well as second moments of the velocity and density fluctuations, for a Reynolds number of 4000 based on the height of the bottom topography and the upstream velocity. The computations (on a grid using in excess of$10^{9}$mesh points) yielded sufficient resolution to capture the fine-scale transition processes as well as the subsequent fully developed turbulence discussed earlier. It is shown that the major instability is of Rayleigh–Taylor type (RTI) with a resulting mixing region depth growing in a manner consistent with more classical RTI studies, despite the much more complicated environment. The resolution was sufficient to capture secondary Kelvin–Helmholtz-type instabilities on the developing RTI structures. Overall evolution towards the fully turbulent state characterised by a significant region of$-\frac{5}{3}$subrange in both velocity and density spectra is very rapid. It is much faster than the long time scale characterising the subsequent evolution of the turbulent patch; this latter time scale is sufficiently large that the turbulent patch can itself be viewed as essentially steady.
Non-invasive genetic identification confirms the presence of the Endangered okapi Okapia johnstoni south-west of the Congo River
Authors: Stanton David W. G. , Hart John , Vosper Ashley , Kümpel Noëlle F. , Wang Jinliang , Ewen John G. , Bruford Michael W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe okapi Okapia johnstoni, a rainforest giraffid endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo, was recategorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 2013. Historical records and anecdotal reports suggest that a disjunct population of okapi may have occurred south-west of the Congo River but the current distribution and status of the okapi in this region are not well known. Here we describe the use of non-invasive genetic identification for this species and assess the success of species identification from dung in the wild, which varied throughout the range. This variation is probably attributable to varying okapi population densities and/or different sample collection strategies across the okapi's distribution. Okapi were confirmed to occur south-west of the Congo River, in scattered localities west of the Lomami River. We demonstrated that non-invasive genetic methods can provide information on the distribution of cryptic, uncommon species that is difficult to obtain by other methods. Further investigation is required to genetically characterize the okapi across its range and to investigate the biogeographical processes that have led to the observed distribution of okapi and other fauna in the region.
The origin of the Northern Subject Rule: subject positions and verbal morphosyntax in older English
Authors: DE HAAS NYNKE , VAN KEMENADE ANS 
Published: November 2014

This article presents new evidence for the early history of the Northern Subject Rule in the form of an exhaustive corpus study of plural present-tense indicative verb forms in Northern and Northern Midlands early Middle English, analysed in relation to their syntactic context, including subject type and subject–verb adjacency. We show that variation between-∅/e/nand-sendings was conditioned by both subject type and adjacency in a core area around Yorkshire, whereas in more peripheral areas, the adjacency condition was weaker and often absent.We present an analysis of these facts in relation to the presence of multiple subject positions in early English, which we show contra earlier literature to be relevant for Northern English as well, We view-∅/e/nendings as ‘true’ agreement, which in the relevant dialects is limited to contexts with pronominal subjects in a high subject position, Spec,AgrSP; other forms of agreement (-sor-th) represent default inflection occurring elsewhere. This analysis supports the hypothesis that the NSR arose when the extant morphological variation in Northern Old English was reanalysed as an effect of pre-existing multiple subject positions.