bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitch Adaptation Patterns in Bimodal Cochlear Implant Users: Over Time and Long‐term
Authors: Liao Selena , Eggleston Jessica , Becker Jillian , Lakin Carrie , Warren Frank M. , McMenomey Sean O. , Reiss Lina A. J. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Characterize pitch adaptation patterns in bimodal long‐electrode cochlear implant (CI) users over time, and correlate these with electrode discrimination and speech perception outcomes. (2) Compare to pitch plasticity observed in hybrid CI users.Methods:Observational cohort over a 12‐month period after CI activation or of long‐term CI experience. Severe to profound hearing impairment in 19 newly activated bimodal CI users and 20 long‐term CI users was studied in an audiology clinic. Outcome measures: Electric‐to‐acoustic pitch matches, audiometric thresholds, electrode discrimination performance, and speech perception scores, measured over time.Results:Recently activated (12 months) subjects had these pitch adaptation patterns: pitch‐adapting, pitch‐dropping, and pitch‐unchanging. Long‐term subjects had a parallel set of adaptation patterns: matched‐pitch, low‐pitch, and nonmatched‐pitch. Unlike hybrid CI users who are mostly pitch‐adapting/matched‐pitch, the majority of bimodal CI users demonstrated pitch‐dropping/low‐pitch or pitch‐unchanging/nonmatched‐pitch. Subjects with pitch‐adapting/matched‐pitch patterns trended towards better low‐frequency thresholds. Changes in electrode discrimination were not associated with pitch differences between electrodes. Reductions in speech perception scores over time were associated with dropping‐pitch patterns.Conclusions:Bimodal CI users with more residual hearing seem similar to hybrid CI users in adapting pitch perception to reduce mismatch with the frequencies allocated to the electrodes and acoustic hearing. In contrast, those with less residual hearing exhibit no adaptation or a drop in the pitches of the basal electrodes. Our data suggest that electrode discrimination does not depend on perceived pitch differences between electrodes. Speech perception may depend more on pitch perception and the ability to distinguish pitch between electrodes.
Pneumococcal Colonization and Otitis Media: Streptococcus salivarius as a Probiotic Inhibitor
Authors: John Mary , Dunne Eileen , Licciardi Paul , Satzke Catherine , Wijburg Odilia , Robins‐Browne Roy 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Nasopharyngeal colonization is the initial step in pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases, including otitis media. Previous studies suggested that Streptococcus salivarius, a commercial probiotic, could be a potential pharyngeal probiotic. We investigated the effects of S salivarius on pneumococcal colonization and otitis media by in vitro and in vivo models of infection and colonization pattern of S salivarius by pilot study.Methods:Descriptive study conducted at Melbourne University and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne from 2011 to 2013. High, medium, or low numbers of S salivarius were added before, with, or after pneumococcal administration to human epithelial (CCL‐23) cells in vitro. The percent colonization of pneumococci was determined after 3 hours of incubation. In experiments using infant mice, repeated pernasal administration of S salivarius (~107 CFU/dose) was used as an intervention in pneumococcal colonization model and otitis media. Colonization of upper respiratory tract of healthy adults after one week of probiotic consumption was determined.Results:There was time‐dependent and dose‐dependent inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to CCL‐23 cells by S salivarius. However, S salivarius colonized the nasopharynx of mice poorly, and did not alter pneumococcal colonization levels or the development of otitis media in vivo. Oral administration of S salivarius in humans increased the colonization levels in the throat.Conclusions:Our data indicated that S salivarius can inhibit pneumococcal colonization in vitro, but not in infant mice. Colonization levels in throat increased after oral administration. Further well‐designed human trials are warranted to evaluate S salivarius as a potential probiotic to reduce otitis media.
Prevalence of Hearing Loss among Preterm Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Babies
Authors: Rahman Roslenda A. , Abdullah Asma , Hashim Wan F. , Awang Mahamad A. , Ishak Shareena 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Determine the prevalence of hearing impairment and auditory neuropathy among preterm very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) babies at 1 year corrected age.Methods:Twenty babies were recruited. The subjects underwent transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) at 34 to 36 weeks while they were still in the neonatal intensive care unit. The subjects were followed up with brainstem evoked response (BSER) at 3 months and 1 year of corrected age. A patient was considered to have hearing impairment if either 1 or both ears failed the test. The risk factors for hearing impairment are noted.Results:Thirty‐five percent (14 out of 40 ears) failed TEOAE and 12.5% (5 out of 40 ears) failed AABR screen. Two babies defaulted BSER appointment. BSER at 3 months corrected age showed 5.5% (1 out of 18) with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, 16.7% (3 out of 18) bilateral mild conductive hearing loss, and 77.8% (14 out of 18) with normal hearing. At 1 year of corrected age 5.5% (1 out of 18) had profound sensorineural hearing loss, 5.5% (1 out of 18) mild conductive hearing loss, and 89% (16 out of 18) had normal hearing. There was no prevalence of auditory neuropathy or progressive hearing loss in this study.Conclusions:Those VLBW babies achieved maturity of hearing at 3 months corrected age, therefore no repeat BSER is required at 1 year.
Prevalence of Ménière's and the Importance of Socioeconomic Factors
Authors: Baugh Reginald F. , Qu Weikai , Simo Hermann , Nazzal Munier , Preis Michal 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Describe the prevalence of Ménière's disease and migraine in the United States. (2) Recognize patient and environmental factors in Ménière's disease.Methods:Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest US all‐payer inpatient care database, was analyzed for migraine or Ménière's disease between 2008‐2010 in patients >10 years old. Patient characteristics, including prevalence, age, sex, race, household income, and geographic location were studied to determine any correlation with disease prevalence. T test, chi‐square, and linear regression testing were used to compare the differences between groups for continuous and categorical data.Results:Ménière's prevalence was 73 per 100,000, females 84 per 100,000 compared with 56 per 100,000 among males (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48‐1.54, P <. 01). Among Ménière's patients, migraine prevalence was 142 per 100,000 compared to 25 per 100,000 (relative risk [RR] = 5.7, 95% CI 4.7‐6.9, P <. 01) in those patients without Ménière's. Ménière's prevalence was highest in Caucasians, 91 per 100,000, and was significantly higher than other ethnic groups (P <. 05). Ménière's prevalence increased with age, with the highest prevalence found in 81‐90 year age group. Midwest prevalence (94 per 100,000) was significantly higher than other regions (P <. 001). Ménière's disease is more common in less populated locations and the prevalence decreased as population increased. Ménière's disease increased with household income. The highest prevalence was found amongst the 76th to 100th quartile with rates of 86 per 100,000 for Ménière's disease.Conclusions:Environmental factors, race and ethnicity, sex, and age appear to be important factors in the prevalence of Ménière's disease.
Prussak's Space: Anatomy Revisited
Authors: Abou‐Bieh Alaa A. , Haberkamp Thomas J. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Describe the anatomy of Prussak's space (PS) using the recently available data due to the incorporation of endoscopes in its studying. (2) Evaluate previously described theories about its development, physiology, aeration, and pathophysiology of its diseases.Methods:Fifty‐five temporal bones were dissected, and anatomic details were studied using an operating microscope and otoendoscopes.Results:PS is a 3‐dimensional sagittal space located laterally and superficially to the tympanum and formed by mucosal and bony walls. Four types of PS could be distinct based on the pathways of their aeration and communication with the various spaces and areas of the tympanum, as demonstrated by the development of the mucosal folds, pouches and pathways. The first and most common type (71%) was aerated solely retrogradely via the posterior pouch of von Troeltsch. Second type (2%) was only aerated via the anterior pouch of von Troeltsch. Third type (2%) was only aerated through a special superior mucosal pathway. Spaces classified under the fourth PS type (25%) were aerated through combined or multiple pathways of the above types.Conclusions:PS, unlike what has been usually thought, has different types. Although the differences between these types might look trivial, they mostly contribute in the development and progress of the space pathological conditions. This might play a role in the explanation of the PS isolated infections and also the mechanism of retraction pockets and cholesteatoma formation and the modes of their extension.
Rates of Long‐term Cochlear Implant Use in Children
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Choi Janet S. , Blake Caitlin R. , Betz Joshua F. , Niparko John K. , Lin Frank R. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Determine the rate of long‐term cochlear implant (CI) use in children.Methods:Consecutive case series in a tertiary referral center. Approximately 474 patients younger than 18 years who received their first cochlear implantation from 1999 to 2011. Main outcome measures: Regular CI use, defined as using the CI for 8 hours or greater per day.Results:We successfully contacted and obtained follow‐up data on 402 patients (85%) via email, telephone, and postal survey. The rate of regular CI use was 93.2% (95% CI, 90.0‐95.4) at 5 years’ postimplantation and 87.7% (95% CI, 82.9‐91.3) at 10 years’ postimplantation. The mean number of hours of use per day was 12.0 hours (SD, 4.1 hours). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated a linear association between the age at implantation and the risk of discontinuing regular CI use. Rates of CI discontinuation increased by 18.2% per year of age at implantation (95% confidence interval, 7.2%‐30.4%). Reported reasons for CI use less than 8 hours per day include poor hearing benefit (53.2%), social pressure (21.3%), and recurrent displacement of the transmitter coil (17.0%).Conclusions:High rates of regular CI use are sustained after childhood implantation, and younger age at implantation is associated with a higher rate of continued device usage.
The Association of Reflux and Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valle Elizabeth S. , Yalamanchali Sreeya , Friedman Michael 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Evaluate the association between lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Methods:A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2013 to identify original research articles examining the effects of GERD or LPR on LTH in both adults and children. Only original research articles in English were retrieved using the keywords “reflux and lingual tonsil,” “reflux and base of tongue hypertrophy,” “laryngopharyngeal reflux and lingual tonsil,” “LPR and lingual tonsil,” and extraesophageal reflux and lingual tonsil.”Results:Out of 33 studies that matched the search criteria, 5 studies in adults and 3 studies in children met the inclusion criteria. In adults, one study noted a significantly increased prevalence of LTH in patients with signs and/or symptoms of LPR (62.4%) versus patients without signs and/or symptoms of LPR (29.3%). Four studies noted an increase in the severity of LTH in the presence of signs or symptoms of LPR. In the pediatric population, all 3 studies noted a positive association between the presence of LPR and GERD and the presence of LTH (30%‐70%).Conclusions:The results of this systematic review suggest an association between LTH and reflux in both adults and children. This study is limited by heterogeneity in methodology and definitions of LTH and reflux between included studies. Further investigation is needed to characterize the clinical entity of LTH as well as the nature of the relationship between LTH and reflux disease.
Screening for NIHL among Military Personnel in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Saif Saud S. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Study the effect of noise exposure on the hearing sensitivity of the screened study subjects, analyze the questionnaire for noise exposure, and compare between hearing impairment in different noise exposure categories.Methods:A total of 1879 subjects were evaluated and a noise exposure survey was completed by the study group. Screening air conduction pure tone audiogram was done for each participant. Patients who did not pass the screening were referred to the ear, nose, and throat and audiology unit for further evaluation: complete history, otological examination, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).Results:The study group's average duration of duty was 10.26 ± 8.06 years. Of the study group, 33.9% were cigarette smokers. A total of 188 subjects out of 1879 (10%) did not pass the screening air conduction pure tone audiogram and they were referred to the audiology clinic. The mean emission amplitude across the DPOAEs measured frequencies in noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) patients at high frequencies were significantly lower than that of the low frequencies. Also it was noticed that as the hearing loss increases at high frequencies region with the NIHL the DPOAEs amplitude decreases.Conclusions:Ten percent of the high‐risk noise exposed subjects had high frequency hearing loss which can be minimized by using hearing protective devices during exposure to intense noise level. Reduction in the emission amplitude of DPOAEs at high frequencies region was significant in comparison with that of the low frequencies. These differences can be attributed to the hearing loss and the patho‐physiologic mechanism at the level of outer hair cells encountered in those patients.
Single‐Stage Tympanosotomy Tube Insertion: Design Issues on a New Surgical Approach
Authors: Rimell Frank , Meyer Abby C. , Tibesar Robert J. , Sidman James D. , Levine Samuel C. , Lander Timothy , Yoon Daniel W. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Multiple efforts are under way to develop methodologies to allow tympanostomy tube (TT) placement in young children under conscious sedation where there can be significant head motion. This practice modification would provide an option for TT placement without the risk of general anesthesia and the potential for procedures being performed in an office.Methods:Investigators evaluated a tool designed to perform a quick, single pass tube delivery across the tympanic membrane with a downward force of motion in a moving child under conscious sedation. Training required bench evaluation and the use of general anesthesia before performing conscious sedation cases.Results:A total of 176 TTs were performed in 89 children at 3 institutions. Ninety‐one TTs in 46 children used general anesthesia, and 85 TTs in 43 children used conscious sedation. Conscious sedation included nitrous oxide in 35 children and midazolam plus nitrous oxide in 8 patients. All cases used phenol as a topical anesthetic. Twelve children were converted to general anesthesia for over‐insertions, design challenges, anatomy, or movement. The major complication encountered was delivery of the TT into the middle ear space. Multiple tubes were used, but a beveled medial flange tube with a lateral visualization tab to provide depth feedback proved most effective for attenuating patient movement without TT over‐insertion (64 children).Conclusions:Early results show that TT placement in children may be done safely under conscious sedation. Additional clinical experience is required to optimize the tool and the training to prevent complications of TT placement with a single‐pass device.
A Tangible Head Model for Physical Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Fujisaka Michiro , Shojaku Hideo 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:In this study, we developed a tangible head model for the physical treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and assessed the educational efficacy of this model for people. This model has a 10‐time‐scale mockup of the semicircular canal, which contains 10 canalith particles, located in a 1.5‐time‐scale mockup of the head.Methods:This was a prospective study involving 20 medical students just starting to study otolaryngology. At first, they learned the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) from an article. After reading the article, they tried to move 10 canalith particles from the ampulla to the utricle using the model, during which they were not able to see inside. Second, they practiced the CRP using the model, and they could see the inside. Third, they tried to move 10 canalith particles from the ampulla to the utricle using the model, during which they could not see the inside. Compare the number of canalith particles, which students can move from the ampulla to the utricle, before and after practice using the model.Results:Before practice using the model, they could move 2.5 (mean value) canalith particles, after practice, they could move 6.6 (mean value) canalith particles. There was a statistical difference (P <. 01) between trials before and after practice using the model.Conclusions:It was suggested that a tangible head model for the physical treatment for BPPV is a useful educational tool for people such as resident doctors, medical students, and patients with BPPV.
Temporal Bone Osteoradionecrosis after External Beam Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Antonelli Patrick J. , Mendenhall William M. , Morris Christopher G. , Bhandare Niranjan 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) may be associated with osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone (ORN‐TB). The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of ORN‐TB in HNC patients receiving RT ± chemotherapy (chemo) and its association with patient‐ and treatment‐related factors.Methods:Pre‐ and post‐RT records of 376 HNC patients were retrospectively assessed for the presence of possible ORN‐TB. Dose received by tympanic ring was estimated using the computed tomography‐based treatment plan for the patient. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses evaluated the association between various variables and incidence of ORN‐TB.Results:ORN‐TB was diagnosed in 27 (7.2%) patients over a median time of 9.5 years (range, 1‐17 years). Of these, localized ORN‐TB was observed in 18 (66.6%) patients, diffuse ORN‐TB in 9 (33.3%) patients. Dose received by temporal bone ranged from 35 to 80 Gy. RT dose was significantly associated with ORN‐TB (P =. 015) and adjuvant chemo (P =. 045), but age (>60), gender, and fractionation were not.Conclusion:RT dose appears to be the primary determinant of ORN‐TB in HNC patients. Further prospective investigation is needed to better understand the factors that might contribute to and protect from ORN‐TB.
Treatment and Prognosis of Facial Palsy on Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Authors: Neto Natal J. B. , Bittencourt Aline G. , Monsanto Rafael C. , Beilke Sílvia C. A. S. B. , Salomone Raquel , Lorenzetti Fabio T. M. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Review the prognosis of facial palsy on Ramsay Hunt syndrome after the treatments proposed by different authors, based on a review of the literature.Methods:A search was performed in LILACS, SciELO, and PUBMED databases. The key words used on the search were: prognosis OR evolution AND ramsay‐hunt OR herpes zoster oticus AND facial palsy OR facial paralysis.Results:Studies showed 882 patients with facial palsy secondary to Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Six hundred and twenty one (70.4%) of those patients achieved improvement on the House‐Brackmann grade, achieving a grade score of I or II. Among the patients treated only with steroids, 68% got the same results, versus 70.5% of the patients treated with steroids plus antiviral agents. Of patients classified on the House‐Brackmann grade as V or VI before treatment, 51.4% improved facial nerve function, achieving I or II on the HB scale. The treatment with methylprednisolone associated with acyclovir showed better results when compared with acyclovir associated with prednisone, prednisolone or hydrocortisone (81.3% versus 69.2%, 61.4% and 76.3%, respectively).Conclusions:Patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome may achieve a good rate of facial recovery. The steroid associated with better results was methylprednisolone, and the association of steroids and acyclovir achieved better results than the patients who did not receive the antiviral agent.
Underwater Endoscopic Management of Labyrinthine Fistula in Congenital Cholesteatoma
Authors: Yamauchi Daisuke , Oshima Takeshi , Nomura Kazuhiro , Miyazaki Hiromitsu , Hidaka Hiroshi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Katori Yukio 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:We propose a novel technique to remove the matrix of cholesteatoma endoscopically after completely filling the mastoid cavity with saline water by perfusion for the appropriate management of labyrinthine fistulas. This “underwater” endoscopic ear surgery (UWEES) technique provides a clear operative field without requiring suction and protects the inner ear from unexpected aeration that may damage its function.Methods:A 3‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with congenital cholesteatoma in a group medical examination. Once the surgery was scheduled but suspended due to the Great East Japan Earthquake. At the age of 6 years, computed tomography revealed a fistula of the superior semicircular canal and surgery was performed for removal of the cholesteatoma and closure of the fistula. Retroauricular incision was chosen because of the extensive lesion, using an intact canal skin method with soft wall reconstruction. The cholesteatoma was extirpated except for the island lesion of the matrix over the fistula under the operating microscope. Subsequently, saline solution was infused into the mastoid cavity using Endo‐Scrub (Medtronic). The island residual matrix was exfoliated underwater endoscopically and closed with bone paste and covered with the fascia.Results:No particular complication occurred during the surgical procedure or postoperatively.Conclusions:Saline water perfusion cleared the surgical field and prevented refraction effects in the high‐definition endoscope, resulting in a clear surgical field and prevention of deterioration of cochlear function. UWEES is expected to prevent risk to inner ear function in other interventions such as cochlear implantation, stapes surgery, and temporal bone destruction corrective surgery.