bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracultural variation of knowledge about wild plant uses in the Biosphere Reserve Grosses Walsertal (Austria)
Authors: Schunko Christoph , Grasser Susanne , Vogl Christian R 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundLeading scholars in ethnobiology and ethnomedicine continuously stress the need for moving beyond the bare description of local knowledge and to additionally analyse and theorise about the characteristics and dynamics of human interactions with plants and related local knowledge. Analyses of the variation of local knowledge are thereby perceived as minimal standard. In this study we investigate the distribution and variation of wild plant knowledge in five domains: food, drinks, human medicine, veterinary medicine and customs. We assess relations between the wild plant knowledge of informants and their socio-demographic as well as geographic background.MethodResearch was conducted in the Biosphere Reserve Grosses Walsertal, Austria. Structured questionnaires were used to inquire wild plant knowledge from 433 informants with varying socio-demographic and geographic background. Children assisted in the data collection. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear models.Results and discussionA majority of respondents is familiar with wild plant uses, however to varying degrees. Knowledge variations depend on the socio-demographic and geographic background of the informants as well as on the domains of knowledge under investigation: women, older informants and homegardeners report more human medicinal applications and applications in drinks than men, younger informants and non-homegardeners; farmers know a greater variety of veterinary medicinal applications than non-farmers; the place of residence relates significantly to food and veterinary uses. Customs are difficult to investigate in standardized matrices. The household-related distribution of work and the general socio-cultural context are especially helpful in order to explain intracultural variation of knowledge in the Grosses Walsertal.ConclusionsResearch on the intracultural variation of local knowledge exposes cultural characteristics and highlights the cultural embeddedness of local knowledge. The impact of socio-cultural developments on local knowledge may be anticipated from understanding the intracultural variation of knowledge.
Lung Cancer Signature Biomarkers: tissue specific semantic similarity based clustering of Digital Differential Display (DDD) data
Authors: Srivastava Mousami , Khurana Pankaj , Sugadev Ragumani 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The tissue-specific Unigene Sets derived from more than one million expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the NCBI, GenBank database offers a platform for identifying significantly and differentially expressed tissue-specific genes by in-silico methods. Digital differential display (DDD) rapidly creates transcription profiles based on EST comparisons and numerically calculates, as a fraction of the pool of ESTs, the relative sequence abundance of known and novel genes. However, the process of identifying the most likely tissue for a specific disease in which to search for candidate genes from the pool of differentially expressed genes remains difficult. Therefore, we have used ‘Gene Ontology semantic similarity score’ to measure the GO similarity between gene products of lung tissue-specific candidate genes from control (normal) and disease (cancer) sets. This semantic similarity score matrix based on hierarchical clustering represents in the form of a dendrogram. The dendrogram cluster stability was assessed by multiple bootstrapping. Multiple bootstrapping also computes a p-value for each cluster and corrects the bias of the bootstrap probability.

Results
Subsequent hierarchical clustering by the multiple bootstrapping method (α = 0.95) identified seven clusters. The comparative, as well as subtractive, approach revealed a set of 38 biomarkers comprising four distinct lung cancer signature biomarker clusters (panel 1–4). Further gene enrichment analysis of the four panels revealed that each panel represents a set of lung cancer linked metastasis diagnostic biomarkers (panel 1), chemotherapy/drug resistance biomarkers (panel 2), hypoxia regulated biomarkers (panel 3) and lung extra cellular matrix biomarkers (panel 4).

Conclusions
Expression analysis reveals that hypoxia induced lung cancer related biomarkers (panel 3), HIF and its modulating proteins (TGM2, CSNK1A1, CTNNA1, NAMPT/Visfatin, TNFRSF1A, ETS1, SRC-1, FN1, APLP2, DMBT1/SAG, AIB1 and AZIN1) are significantly down regulated. All down regulated genes in this panel were highly up regulated in most other types of cancers. These panels of proteins may represent signature biomarkers for lung cancer and will aid in lung cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring as well as in the prediction of responses to therapeutics.
The Androgen Metabolite, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, Decreases Cytokine-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression, and P-Glycoprotein Expression in Male Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zuloaga Kristen L. , Swift Sibyl N. , Gonzales Rayna J. , Wu T. John , Handa Robert J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractP-glycoprotein (Pgp), a multiple drug resistance transporter expressed by vascular endothelial cells, is a key component of the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to increase after inflammation. The nonaromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), decreases inflammatory markers in vascular smooth muscle cells, independent of androgen receptor (AR) stimulation. The principal metabolite of DHT, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol), activates estrogen receptor (ER)β and similarly decreases inflammatory markers in vascular cells. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that either DHT or 3β-diol decrease cytokine-induced proinflammatory mediators, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), to regulate Pgp expression in male primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Using RT-qPCR, the mRNAs for AR, ERα, and ERβ and steroid metabolizing enzymes necessary for DHT conversion to 3β-diol were detected in male HBMECs demonstrating that the enzymes and receptors for production of and responsiveness to 3β-diol are present. Western analysis showed that 3β-diol reduced COX-2 and Pgp expression; the effect on Pgp was inhibited by the ER antagonist, ICI-182,780. IL-1β-caused an increase in COX-2 and VCAM-1 that was reduced by either DHT or 3β-diol. 3β-diol also decreased cytokine-induced Pgp expression. ICI-182,780 blocked the effect of 3β-diol on COX-2 and VCAM-1, but not Pgp expression. Therefore, in cytokine-stimulated male HBMECs, the effect of 3β-diol on proinflammatory mediator expression is ER dependent, whereas its effect on Pgp expression is ER independent. These studies suggest a novel role of 3β-diol in regulating blood-brain barrier function and support the concept that 3β-diol can be protective against proinflammatory mediator stimulation.
Information content of visual scenes influences systematic search of desert ants
Authors: Schultheiss Patrick , Wystrach Antoine , Legge Eric L. G. , Cheng Ken 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Many animals - including insects - navigate visually through their environment. Solitary foraging desert ants are known to acquire visual information from the surrounding panorama and use it to navigate along habitual routes or to pinpoint a goal like the nest. Returning foragers that fail to find the nest entrance engage in searching behaviour, during which they continue to use vision. The characteristics of searching behaviour have typically been investigated in unfamiliar environments. Here we investigated in detail the nest searching behaviour of Melophorus bagoti foragers within the familiar visual environment of their nest. First, by relating search behaviour to the information content of panoramic (360°) images, we found that searches were more accurate in visually cluttered environments. Second, as observed in unfamiliar visual surrounds, searches were dynamic and gradually expanded with time, showing that nest-pinpointing is not rigidly controlled by vision. Third, contrary to searches displayed in unfamiliar environments, searches observed here could be modelled as a single exponential search strategy, which is similar to a Brownian walk, and there was no evidence of a Lévy walk. Overall, our results revealed that searching behaviour is remarkably flexible and varies according to the relevance of information provided by the surrounding visual scenery.
Differential strain patterns of the human Achilles tendon determined in vivo with freehand three-dimensional ultrasound imaging
Authors: Farris Dominic J. , Trewartha Grant , McGuigan M. Polly , Lichtwark Glen A. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Often the human Achilles tendon (AT) has been considered to act as a single elastic structure in series with the muscles of the triceps-surae. As such it has been commonly modelled as a hookean spring of uniform stiffness. However, the free AT and the proximal AT have distinctly different structures which lend themselves to different elastic properties. This study aimed to use three-dimensional freehand ultrasound imaging to determine if the proximal AT and free AT exhibit different elastic behaviour during sub-maximal, fixed-end contractions of the triceps-surae. Six male and five female participants (mean ± sd age = 27 ± 5 years) performed fixed position contractions of the plantar-flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer at 50% of their maximum voluntary contraction in this position. Freehand 3D ultrasound imaging was used to reconstruct the free-tendon and proximal AT at rest and during contraction. The free-tendon exhibited significantly (P = 0.03) greater longitudinal strain (5.2 ± 1.7%) than the proximal AT (2.6 ± 2.0%). The lesser longitudinal strain of the proximal AT was linked to the fact that it exhibited considerable transverse (orthogonal to the longitudinal direction) strains (5.0% ± 4). The transverse strain of the proximal AT is likely due to the triceps-surae muscles bulging upon contraction and thus, the level of bulging may influence the elastic behaviour of the proximal AT. This might have implications for the understanding of triceps-surae muscle-tendon interaction during locomotion, tendon injury mechanics and previous measurements of AT elastic properties.
Physiological and agonistic behavioural response of Procambarus clarkii to an acoustic stimulus
Authors: Celi Monica , Filiciotto Francesco , Parrinello Daniela , Buscaino Giuseppa , Damiano Alessandra , Cuttitta Angela , D'Angelo Stefania , Mazzola Salvatore , Vazzana Mirella 
Published: November 2012

Summary
This study examined the effects of an acoustic stimulus on the haemolymph and agonistic behaviour of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The experiment was conducted in a tank equipped with a video recording system using 6 groups (3 control and 3 test groups) of five adult crayfish (30 specimens in total). After one hour of habituation, the behaviour of the crayfish was monitored for two hours. During the second hour, the animals in the test groups were exposed to a linear sweep (frequency range 0.1-25 kHz; peak amplitude 148 dBrms re 1 µPa at 12 kHz) acoustic stimulus for 30 minutes. Exposure to the noise produced significant variations in haemato-immunological parameters as well as a reduction in agonistic behaviour.
More than a feeling: incidental learning of array geometry by blind-folded adult humans revealed through touch
Authors: Sturz Bradley R. , Green Marshall L. , Gaskin Katherine A. , Evans Alicia C. , Graves April A. , Roberts Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryView-based matching theories of orientation suggest that mobile organisms encode a visual memory consisting of a visual panorama from a target location and maneuver to reduce discrepancy between current visual perception and this stored visual memory to return to a location. Recent success of such theories to explain the orientation behavior of insects and birds raises questions regarding the extent to which such an explanation generalizes to other species. In the present study, we attempted to determine the extent to which such view-based matching theories may explain the orientation behavior of a mammalian species (in this case adult humans). We modified a traditional enclosure orientation task so that it involved only the use of the haptic sense. The use of a haptic orientation task to investigate the extent to which view-based matching theories may explain the orientation behavior of adult humans appeared ideal because it provided an opportunity for us to explicitly prohibit the use of vision. Specifically, we trained disoriented and blind-folded human participants to search by touch for a target object hidden in one of four locations marked by distinctive textural cues located atop four discrete landmarks arranged in a rectangular array. Following training, we removed the distinctive textural cues and probed the extent to which participants learned the geometry of the landmark array. In the absence of vision and the trained textural cues, participants showed evidence that they learned the geometry of the landmark array. Such evidence cannot be explained by an appeal to view-based matching strategies and is consistent with explanations of spatial orientation related to the incidental learning of environmental geometry.
Control of Molecular Arrangement and/or Orientation of D–π–A Fluorescent Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Ohshita Joji , Harima Yutaka 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on organic dyes adsorbed on TiO2 electrodes, which emerged as a new generation of sustainable photovoltaic devices, have received considerable attention because of high incident solar light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and low cost of production. The aim of this Highlight Review is to indicate the importance of creating effective D–π–A dye sensitizers capable of controlling not only photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes themselves but also molecular arrangement and/or orientation of the dyes on TiO2 surface to provide a good electron communication between the dye and TiO2 electrode, for developing high-performance DSSCs.
On–Off Switching of the Novel Thermochromic Chiroptical Behavior of Pseudoisocyanine Driven by Association/Dissociation
Authors: Harada Takunori , Kurihara Mai , Kuroda Reiko , Moriyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The compound 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide forms a chiral fluorescent self-aggregate in aqueous solution at high salt concentration. This compound shows reversible quenching and emitting behaviors and exhibits an interesting on–off switching of thermochromic circularly polarized luminescence behavior as a result of the association–dissociation process.
Arylaminomaleimides as a New Class of Aggregation-induced Emission-active Molecules Obtained from Organoarsenic Compounds
Authors: Kato Takuji , Naka Kensuke 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Heating 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diarsininetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with excess amounts of aniline and toluidine provided 3-anilino-N-phenylmaleimide and 3-p-toluidino-N-p-tolylmaleimide, respectively, which showed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Not only are the present aminomaleimide derivatives simple-structured AIE-active molecules, but they also exhibit pH responsive properties without introducing additional functional units.
Enhanced Gas Permselectivity of Copoly(Hyperbranched Macromonomer) Synthesized by One-pot Simultaneous Copolymerization of Dimethylsilyl-containing Phenylacetylenes
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Jianjun , Zang Yu , Aoki Toshiki , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Copoly(hyperbranched macromonomer)s, i.e., poly(phenylacetylene)s having many branches were synthesized by one-pot simultaneous copolymerization of two kinds of dimethylsilylphenylacetylenes. Membranes from the copoly(hyperbranched macromonomer)s having several kinds of branches showed higher permselectivities for oxygen and carbon dioxide over nitrogen than those of the corresponding copoly(hyperbranched macromonomer)s without any branches. In particular, the copoly(hyperbranched macromonomer)s having long and rigid branches had both the advantages of poly(phenylacetylene)s and poly(dendron)s. In summary, copoly(hyperbranched macromonomer)s showing good performance as gas-separation membranes were synthesized very easily by the one-pot simultaneous polymerization method. To our knowledge, this is the first synthesis of such complex copolymers showing good performance as gas-separation membranes.
Odd–Even Effect of Dopant Molecules on Clearing Temperatures of Nematic Liquid-crystal Phases
Authors: Kishikawa Keiki , Haga Yuri , Inoue Takahiro , Watanabe Tomohiro , Takahashi Masahiro , Kohmoto Shigeo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Nematic liquid-crystal phases doped with the novel dopant compounds 1 (C6F5COO(CH)nOCOC6F5, n = 1–7) and 2 (C6H5COO(CH)nOCOC6H5, n = 1–7) showed an “opposite odd–even effect” on clearing temperatures. The tendency was exactly opposite to that reported for liquid-crystal dimers. A mechanism is postulated on the basis of the difference in the formation of molecular aggregations of even- and odd-number-dopant molecules in the host liquid-crystal molecules.
Well-aligned Titanium Dioxide with Very High Length-to-diameter Ratio Synthesized under Magnetic Field
Authors: Attan Nursyafreena , Nur Hadi , Efendi Jon , Lintang Hendrik Oktendy , Lee Siew Ling , Sumpono Imam 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The synthesis of well-aligned titanium dioxide with a very high length-to-diameter ratio is demonstrated for the first time using a sol–gel method under a magnetic field (up to 9.4 T), with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a structure-aligning agent.
Thiocarbohydrazides and Oxalyl Dihydrazides Exhibiting Two- to Four-electron Redoxes for Positive Electrode Active Materials in Organic Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Sugimoto Toyonari , Senoo Ken-ichiro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Thiocarbohydrazides and oxalyl dihydrazides are used as positive electrode active materials for rechargeable lithium batteries with a lithium metal negative electrode. These compounds exhibit a two-electron migration in the positive electrode, yielding very large capacities of 482 and 450 mA h g−1, respectively, by virtue of their small molecular weights (106 and 118, respectively). Additionally, tetramethyl- and diphenyl-substituted derivatives are used; the former compounds exhibit two-electron migrations with capacities of 310 and 300 mA h g−1, while the latter compounds exhibit three- to four-electron migrations with large capacities of both 359 mA h g−1.
Postoperative appearances of esophageal atresia repair: Retrospective study of 210 patients with review of literature – what the radiologist should know
Authors: Sodhi Kushaljit Singh , Saxena Akshay Kumar , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Rao KLN , Menon Prema , Kandelwal Niranjan 
Published: November 2012

Background Primary surgical repair forms the definitive treatment of esophageal atresia. Long-term survival rates and patient morbidity after repair still remains a problem especially in developing countries. Postoperative morbidity depends on the incidence of anastomotic leak, gastroesophageal reflux, strictures, and recurrent fistula formation. Purpose To describe the frequency of different findings at fluoroscopic evaluation of postoperative esophagus in children following repair for esophageal atresia with or without tracheo-esophageal fistula. Material and Methods Hospital records and upper gastrointestinal contrast studies of 210 patients following repair for esophageal atresia with or without a tracheo-esophageal fistula were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists. All children underwent surgery in the first few days of life (days 1–6). Fluoroscopic contrast study was performed at various intervals after surgery in children with suspected complications or feeding difficulties. Results Images from upper gastrointestinal contrast studies of 210 patients (126 boys, 84 girls) were evaluated and recorded. Findings were recorded as normal postoperative appearances (37.1%) and complications/sequelae, which included strictures (33.8%), minor and major leaks (11.9%), reflux (13.8%), motility problems (7.1%), persistent fistula (3.8%), diverticulae formation (4.7%), and hiatus hernia (2.1%). Conclusion Strictures, leaks, and reflux are the most common complications of esophageal atresia repair. Knowledge of various postoperative appearances would be useful for planning an appropriate management strategy in these children.
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Resistance to Phytophthora sojae and Flooding Tolerance in Soybean
Authors: Nguyen V. T. , Vuong T. D. , VanToai T. , Lee J. D. , Wu X. , Mian M. A. Rouf , Dorrance A. E. , Shannon J. G. , Nguyen H. T. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPhytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufm. and Gerd., and flooding injury can limit growth and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], especially on poorly drained soils. The objective of this research was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with flooding tolerance and/or resistance to P. sojae. Mapping was conducted using F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the flooding‐tolerant and PRR‐resistant accession PI 408105A and the flooding‐intolerant line S99‐2281. A genetic linkage map consisting of 613 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was developed. Flooding tolerance was determined by measuring both plant injury and flooding yield index. Both Rps gene and partial resistance to P. sojae were measured for each RIL using the hypocotyl and layer tests. Genomic regions on four chromosomes were associated with genetic control of decreased plant injury and higher yield under flooded conditions. Of these, one region near markers Sct_033 and BARC‐024569‐04982 on chromosome 13 and one near BARC‐016279‐02316 on chromosome 11 were associated with partial resistance to P. sojae. The results indicate that genes for both flooding tolerance and P. sojae resistance were necessary to reduce injury and yield loss under saturated soil conditions and that these genes can contribute to increasing soybean productivity on soils prone to waterlogging.
Effects of Maturity and Phomopsis longicolla on Germination and Vigor of Soybean Seed of Near‐Isogenic Lines
Authors: Gillen Anne M. , Smith James R. , Mengistu Alemu , Bellaloui Nacer 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed quality has declined in the mid‐southern United States due to the shift to soybeans that mature during mid August through September as opposed to October to November, which was common in the past. This decline was shown to be related to increased temperatures during seed maturation, increased levels of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD), and potentially maturity per se. In this study, the effects of maturity and Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs, the cause of PSD, on seed quality were evaluated in a field trial of two sets of near‐isogenic soybean lines (‘Clark’ and ‘Harosoy’), where the maturity of each line within a set varied. No effects of maturity on germination, accelerated aging germination (AA), or hardseededness were detected. Phomopsis longicolla level had a significant negative effect on germination in both isoline sets. Year had a significant effect on germination in both isoline sets. In addition, year and P. longicolla level had a significant negative effect on AA for the Clark set, and only year had an effect on AA in the Harosoy set. Phomopsis longicolla level, not maturity, was the most significant factor in seed germination and vigor. Therefore, there continues to be a great need to develop varieties of soybeans with resistance to P. longicolla and high germinability when seed are produced in conditions of high humidity and high temperatures.