bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-year adjacent-level degenerative changes in patients with single-level disease treated using lumbar total disc replacement with ProDisc-L versus circumferential fusion
Authors: Zigler Jack E. , Glenn Jamieson , Delamarter Rick B. 
Published: October 2012

Object
The authors report the 5-year results for radiographically demonstrated adjacent-level degenerative changes from a prospective multicenter study in which patients were randomized to either total disc replacement (TDR) or circumferential fusion for single-level lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD).

Methods
Two hundred thirty-six patients with single-level lumbar DDD were enrolled and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: 161 patients in the TDR group were treated using the ProDisc-L (Synthes Spine, Inc.), and 75 patients were treated with circumferential fusion. Radiographic follow-up data 5 years after treatment were available for 123 TDR patients and 43 fusion patients. To characterize adjacent-level degeneration (ALD), radiologists at an independent facility read the radiographic films. Adjacent-level degeneration was characterized by a composite score including disc height loss, endplate sclerosis, osteophytes, and spondylolisthesis. At 5 years, changes in ALD (ΔALDs) compared with the preoperative assessment were reported.

Results
Changes in ALD at 5 years were observed in 9.2% of TDR patients and 28.6% of fusion patients (p = 0.004). Among the patients without adjacent-level disease preoperatively, new findings of ALD at 5 years posttreatment were apparent in only 6.7% of TDR patients and 23.8% of fusion patients (p = 0.008). Adjacent-level surgery leading to secondary surgery was reported for 1.9% of TDR patients and 4.0% of fusion patients (p = 0.6819). The TDR patients had a mean preoperative index-level range of motion ([ROM] of 7.3°) that decreased slightly (to 6.0°) at 5 years after treatment (p = 0.0198). Neither treatment group had significant changes in either ROM or translation at the superior adjacent level at 5 years posttreatment compared with baseline.

Conclusions
At 5 years after the index surgery, ProDisc-L maintained ROM and was associated with a significantly lower rate of ΔALDs than in the patients treated with circumferential fusion. In fact, the fusion patients were greater than 3 times more likely to experience ΔALDs than were the TDR patients. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00295009.
MECHANICAL PULPING.Effect of long fibre concentration on low consistency refining of mechanical pulp
Authors: Anderssou Stefan , Sandberg Christer , Engstrand Per 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lang fibre concentration on Ioadability and pulp properties during LC refming of mechanical pulp. Lang fibre concentration was adjusted to three different Ievels by screen fractionation of the pulp. The three pulps were refined in a single disc pilot scale LC refiner at simi1ar process conditions. Increased lang fibre concentration suppmied a larger refiner gap and resulted in less fibre . cutting at a given specific energy consumption. The higher lang fibre concentration probably contributed to a stronger fibre network that maintained a !arger refining gap at certain specific energy consumption. Increased long fibre concentration also enabled a higher tensile index increase in the LC refmer at certain fibre length reduction. The study supports a process combining LC refining with screen fractionation, where the lang fibre fraction is recycled to the refiner feed. This enables a . higher Ioadability and a more effective utilisation of the LC refiner. By using this technology, overall specific energy consumption can be reduced if a !arger share of the refining is performed in LC rather than HC refining.
PRINTING.Natural zeolite as filler in base ink jet paper sheet
Authors: Gregor-Svetec Diana , Rozic Mirela , Muck Tadeja , Lozo Branka 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of natural zeolite clinoptilolite used as a filler on the printabi1ity of paper and its print quality. Paper handsheets were prepared with the addition of 20% of fillers, where natural zeolite was added to calcium carbonate in different u.w.% (i.e. 20, 40, 60). Zeolite originates from the sedimentary deposit in Donje Jesenje, Croatia. Zeolite tuff is mainly composed of clinoptilolite. lts particle size distribution is broad and the structure is micro- and mezzo-porous. The addition of natural zeolite as a filler resulted in higher bulk of paper sheets and a more porous structure. Moreover, the absorption capacity and the absorption rate slightly increased. The surface roughness increased, leading to a more hydrophobic surface. Natural zeolite with its broad particle size distribution, higher amount of large particles and yellowgreen colour resulted in slightly lower opacity and ISO brightness of sheets. When used for ink jet printing, the increased amount of zeolite showed a positive influence on the print quality. Smaller wicking and bleeding effects were noticed. Paper hue did not influence the colour density of CMYK prints.
PRINTING.Paper and printer effects on xerographic print quality
Authors: Chen Siying , Farnood Ramin , Yan Ning , Risio Sabina Di , Song Jay 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study examines the impact of paper and printer type on the quality of xerographic prints. Ten different uncoated paper substrates were printed using three different commercial xerographic printers. The print quality of the samples (print microgloss, print microgloss nonuniformity, print density, print and gloss mottle, and visual ranking) and the physical and surface characteristics of the papers were measured. It was found that relationship between print mottle and print gloss nonuniformity was dominated by the printer type. While for some printers, these two parameters were positively correlated, in other cases printer appeared to "mask" variations in the paper properties. Multivariate analysis also showed that brightness, opacity, basis weight, 7 5 ° Tappi gloss, and roughness were the top five paper properties that had the most significant effect on the visual ranking and print mottle. Finally, as expected, print roughness was found to be a better predictor of the perceived print quality, however, paper roughness was poorly correlated with the visual ranking of printed samples (R2 0.5).
PAPER INK INTERACTIONS. Impact of oil-binder interaction on pore structure in paper coating as studied by internal reflectance Part 1 : implications of pore volume loss for print drying
Authors: Kolvunen Kimmo , Gane Patrick A.C. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The absorption of liquid into a pore network structure depends on porosity, pore size distribution, surface free energy of the involved phases, and external pressure. In the case of ink setting on coated paper, significant decrease of accessible pore volume can take place due to swelling of latex binder particles when contacted with the vehicle of oil-based ink. The reduction in pore network connectivity can be detected by an optical retlectance measurement procedure based on the refractive index differences between the coating components and the surrounding medium present in the interparticle pores. In this study, GCC mode l coatings with latices displaying differing oil uptake and swelling characteristics were exposed to liquid supersource imbibition without external pressure. Effects of both linseed oil and minerat oil were studied. In the case of free liquid propagation, i.e. in coatings with low content of binders, a linearly increasing trend of logarithmic retlectance gradient in the coating thickness is observed as a function of time, indicating deceleration of the wetting front propagation in consequence of the establishment of the flow resistive viscous factors at long timescales, and the subsequent approach of the saturation point at the wetting front. In contrast, in the case of restricted propagation, due to high binder content of swelling Iatex particles, a deviation of the logarithmic retlectance gradient from the linear trend is observed as saturation is approached. However, the relationship between spatial logarithmic retlectance gradient and liquid uptake per unit cross-sectional porosity continues to follow linear trends irrespective of the binder if the porosity is corrected for the loss due to swelling, thus enabling the effect of the binder on the structure to be studied in isolation.
PAPER PHYSICS .The effect of newsprint furnish composition and sheet structure on wet pressing efficiency
Authors: Hii Collin , Gregersen Øyvind W. , Chinga-Carrasco Gary , Eriksen Øyvind 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The dewatering ability and wet sheet structure after pressing was studied using a dynamic wet pressing simulator in combination with electron microscopy and image analysis. Deinked pulp (DIP) that contains 5% ash dewaters more easi ly than thermomechanical pulp (TMP) when pressed with single roll pulse. The in-plane moisture flow ( crushing) in DIP samples started at higher peak pressure and higher solids content compared to TMP samples. The TMP sample showed higher springback after wet pressing compared to DIP samples. When both TMP and DIP samples were designed to have a higher amount of small pores at the dewatering side surface layers, the samples with coarser TMP pulp could achieve similar dryness as DIP samples when pressed with higher nip pressure. In addition, the DIP samples with higher number of small pores in the outermost I 0 11m thick surface layer in the dewatering side resulted in lower dryness after pressing with a single roll pulse. The effect of filler distribution in paper zdirection on dryness and sheet structure after wet pressing using an 8 milliseconds roll pulse was also studied. In this study the distribution of filler does not affect the maximum achievable dryness (4 1 %) after wet pressing when the total amount of filler in the sheets remains constant, 1 3 .5%. In addition, the samples with more filler in the dewatering layer dewater more easily and yield the maximum achievable dryness ( 40%) after wet pressing at lower nip pressure (2 . 5 MPa) when compared to samples made from TMP (3 6% at 4.4 MPa) and DIP pulps (40% at 4 . 9 MPa).
PAPER PHYSICS. Analytical Prediction of Package Collapse Loads-Basic considerations
Authors: Ristinmaa Matti , Ottosen Niets Saabye , Korin Christer 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Calculation of Box Compression Resistance (BCR) is a challenging task and here the possibility of an engineering approach is considered. The strive has been towards obtaining a simple and generat predictive tool with as few parameters as possible and still obtaining an accurate estimate of the BCR. The model proposed is based on the concept of dividing the package into panels and corner panels. With these remarkably few structural elements it is possible to obtain simple explicit formulas where the only material parameters are given by standard tests in terms of short span compression test and bending resistance. The BCR for different packages is then obtained by a simply summation of the load from the panels and corner panels. A validation agairrst experimental data indicates that, despite its remarkably simplicity, the predictions are very accurate for a wide range of package types, package dimensions, board qualities and loading directions.
PAPER PHYSICS. Paper-based device for pre-concentration of target analytes
Authors: Leung Vincent , Johnstone Sean C. , Xu Yaqin , Pelton Robert , Filipe Carlos D. M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we demoostrate proof-ofprinciple for a low cost paper-based Chromatographie device capable of pre-concentrating a target analyte by a factor of three thousand fold (assessed using confocal Iaser scanning microscopy (LSCM)). The device consists of a capture zone and a passive pump. The capture zone was created by immobilizing biotinylated microgel particles onto a selected area of filter paper. Due to the presence of biotin on their surface, these particles have the ability to specifically bind streptavidin, which was the target analyte selected for this study. With the incorporation of a superabsorbent passive pump, created using cross-linked poly(acrylic acid), partial sodium saltgra. fi-poly(ethylene oxide), the paper-based device was able to process a volume of dilute solution much larger than that associated with paper porosity. Flow through the device, including the passive pump, could be modeled using Darcy' s law. A simple equation was also developed to relate the concentration in the pre-concentration device to the concentration in the dilute sample. This type of device can be useful for sample pre-concentration before analysis using other methods, such as mass spectrometry.
L'Afrique du Sud et la Chine
Authors: Lafargue François 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les liens entre l’Afrique du Sud et le monde chinois sont anciens et commencent lors de l’arrivée des premiers migrants au xvii e siècle. L’histoire entre l’Afrique du Sud et la Chine a connu de nombreuses vicissitudes, puisque l’Afrique du Sud, alliée de Taiwan à l’époque de l’apartheid, a été ensuite, dans les années 1990, l’un des contempteurs les plus actifs de la présence chinoise en Afrique. Mais, aujourd’hui, l’Afrique du Sud est l’un des rares pays d’Afrique à entretenir avec la République populaire de Chine une relation politique et économique équilibrée où les intérêts communs sont nombreux.
Quel statut constitutionnel pour le chef de l'État africain ?
Authors: Hourquebie Fabrice 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les questionnements autour du statut du chef de l’État en Afrique francophone accompagnent régulièrement le constat des progressions de l’État de droit ou des régressions démocratiques dans cet espace. Renouveler l’analyse 1 est un pari difficile tant l’histoire de ces pays, de la plus ancienne à la plus récente, est intimement liée à la personnalité du chef de l’État et aux espoirs qu’il peut apporter. Aussi, pour ne pas tomber dans un factualisme qui confinerait plus à la description des trajectoires constitutionnelles qu’à une véritable analyse, Fabrice Hourquebie propose d’identifier quelques grands traits caractéristiques qui pourraient constituer les principes directeurs d’une « théorie » du chef de l’État en Afrique francophone.
Une étude exploratoire des inférences de contrôle du consommateur face à l'atmosphère du point de vente
Authors: Lunardo Renaud , Saintives Camille , Roux Dominique 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Le consommateur en contact avec des facteurs d’ambiance peut-il inférer être sous le contrôle du distributeur ? Une enquête qualitative menée auprès de 21 répondants explore cette question. Les résultats mettent en évidence que l’authenticité perçue de l’environnement et de ces stimuli est vue par les consommateurs comme autant de moyens à la disposition du distributeur pour contrôler son comportement. Ils montrent également que les consommateurs, selon deux modérateurs individuels, adoptent des stratégies d’ajustement différentes aux tentatives de contrôle par l’atmosphère, allant du simple laisser-faire à la résistance.
Les enseignants agressés dans les établissements scolaires : une lecture qualitative et managériale
Authors: Trébucq Stéphane , Bourion Christian 
Published: October 2012

Résumé L’analyse de 42 retours d’expérience concernant la violence subie par les enseignants à l’école, a été effectuée successivement avec 2 logiciels d’analyse textuelle, Alceste et Nvivo. Elle révèle que la stratégie du « surtout pas de vagues » des chefs d’établissement qui découle de la crainte ministérielle et des médias, agit auprès des élèves comme un signal permissif d’acquiescement des agressions qu’ils pratiquent à l’égard des enseignants. Cela appelle à la mise en place de nouveaux indicateurs.
Lens Particle Glaucoma Secondary to Untreated Congenital Cataract and Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Authors: While Benjamin , Mudhar Hardeep S. , Chan Jonathan 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To present a case of lens particle glaucoma in a child with an untreated unilateral congenital cataract and persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) and to discuss the implications for the management of unilateral congenital cataract. Methods. A 4-year-old boy presented with a unilateral congenital cataract affecting the right eye. Examination revealed a cataract and PFV. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measured 18 mmHg right, 14 mmHg left, and he was managed conservatively. Nine months later, he attended clinic with a painful right eye. He had quiet anterior and posterior segments but free lens particles in the anterior vitreous and an IOP of 12 mmHg. Over 4 weeks, the IOP rose to 23 mmHg and the patient underwent vitreolensectomy. Results. The affected eye has at no point become inflamed but macrophages laden with lens proteins were identified during histopathologic analysis of the vitreous. The proposed mechanism in this case is that the PFV weakened the posterior capsule leading to its rupture. The resultant macrophages then caused mechanical obstruction of aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Conclusions. Lens particle glaucoma secondary to posterior capsular rupture is a rare form of lens-induced glaucoma. It is common practice to manage conservatively those patients who present late with unilateral congenital cataract. This case highlights the need for vigilant follow-up of these patients to enable lens-induced glaucoma to be detected at an early stage.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Conventional and Single-use Ni-Ti Endodontic Instruments: An in vitro Microbiological Evaluation
Authors: Dagna Alberto , Arciola Carla Renata , Visai Livia , Selan Laura , Colombo Marco , Bianchi Stefano , Poggio Claudio 
Published: October 2012

Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the capability of different Ni-Ti instruments in disinfecting root canals previously infected with E. faecalis. Methods 60 single-rooted, freshly extracted teeth were selected, sterilized and inoculated with cells of E. faecalis strain. All root canals were shaped with different Ni-Ti instruments (MTwo, Revo-S, Reciproc, and OneShape) under irrigation with NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions by the same trained operator. The number of Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml of E. faecalis was evaluated for each group. Numeric data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results MTwo, REVO-S, Reciproc and OneShape reported significantly lower CFU/ml values and showed no significant differences among them (p>0.05). All groups showed significantly higher CFU/ml values than not treated samples (negative control). Conclusions All the Ni-Ti instrumentation efficiently reduced E. faecalis counts and no significant differences were found among them. Single-use files can offer antibacterial results comparable with traditional instruments.
T&G: An Elementary Integrated Prognostic System for Renal Carcinoma N0 M0
Authors: Legramanti Stefano , Antonelli Alessandro , Arrighi Nicola , Corti Serena , Zanotelli Tiziano , Cozzoli Alberto , Cunico Sergio Cosciani , Simeone Claudio 
Published: October 2012

Introduction 25–30% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) develop metastatic progression during follow up. For this reason many prognostic systems have been developed to try to predict the possibility of recurrence. Unfortunately these systems are often complex in daily use. Patient and Methods 1089 were selected from a total of 1985 patients undergoing surgery for renal cell cancer. We have excluded patients with a benign diagnosis, lymph node or distant metastases at diagnosis, with no radical surgery (R1) and those with follow up judged insufficient (<24 months). For each patient a score was defined after evaluating the histological examination of surgical specimens. This score was called T&G and it was equal to the sum of the T pathological (1 for T1, 2 for T2, 3 for T3a, b, c, 4 for T4) and the G according to Fuhrman (1 for G1, 2 for G2, etc.). The range is between 2 and 8. It was then evaluated the disease-free survival according to T & G score to stratify patients into risk classes Results During follow-up we had recurrent disease in 246 cases (22.6%; 167 metastases in a single location, 34 local recurrences, 45 metastases) after surgery at a mean distance of 35.6 months (2–205). After comparing each one of the disease free survival curves, we have identified three classes of risk: low risk (T & G 2 and 3), intermediate risk (T & G 4-5), high risk (T & G 6-7-8). We have obtained statistically significant differences between the three classes of risk. The rate of progression was 8.9% for the class of low risk to 48% of the high risk class. The average time (in months) of disease progression decrease from 47 for LR class to 37 for IR up to 29 for a HR Class. Discussion The T & G score is an extremely basic prognostic system but at the same time it allows an accurate prognostic discrimination in patients with N0 M0 RCC, as demonstrated by the significant differences in the rates and time of progression and disease-free survival.
From a whisper to a scream: music in the films of Michael Haneke
Authors: Coulthard Lisa 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Michael Haneke’s films foreground music in provocative ways. Played in parts and frequently interrupted by silence or noise, music in Haneke is closely linked to his central thematic obsessions with alienation, glaciation and fragmentation. This paper analyzes musical fragmentation in Haneke and focuses on the modes of interruption and interference that characterize its emphatic and alienating effects.
The Heard and Unheard Sounds of Women: A Comparison of Female Silence and Theme Music in Two Versions of Letter from an Unknown Woman
Authors: Lin Zhichun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper compares the sound design in the 2004 Chinese version of Letter from an Unknown Woman to the 1948 Hollywood version of the same film. Analysis of the issues of female discourse, female silence, and theme music in the two films,shows how historical and cultural differences determine different sound discourses for women. Furthermore, sound design influences the ways we interpret and understand the "unknown woman" in the Chinese version of Letter from an Unknown Woman.
Songwriting, Advertising, and Mythmaking in the New Hollywood: The Case of Nashville (1975)
Authors: Magee Gayle 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Using previously unavailable archival materials, this article questions the often-cited belief that "nonmusical actors" in Nashville (1975) wrote and performed their own songs "from the character’s point of view," in director Robert Altman’s words, to lend "a reality as well as a theatrical depth to the songs and performances."
Educação e patrimônio cultural: diálogos entre cidade e campo como lugares de identidades ressonantes
Authors: Tamanini Elizabete , Peixer Zilma Isabel 
Published: October 2012

Nesse artigo, procura-se delinear as interfaces entre educação popular, patrimônio cultural, campo e cidade, consubstanciados pelas pesquisas em desenvolvimento sobre cultura material e imaterial. Essas reflexões tecem um quadro ainda novo na construção de conhecimento e nos debates na área de Educação, procurando demonstrar a importância dos espaços de memória, entre eles, o museu na construção da pertinência e das identidades coletivas nos movimentos sociais e nas esferas da educação popular. Os fios que buscamos delinear percorrem os caminhos dos modos de vida, dos quais existem poucos registros, daqueles que pouco ou nada aparecem na documentação escrita e na representação da cultura material “oficial”. Nossos fios buscam as relações, as tensões, as teias coletivas entre indivíduos, apontando para algumas questões inusitadas que o estudo do patrimônio cultural e o trabalho com educação popular podem nos propiciar.

Palavras Chaves: Educação. Patrimônio. Cidade. Campo.