bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling psychiatric disability
Authors: Guidry‐Grimes Laura 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThere has been inadequate philosophical attention to the claims of psychiatric user/survivor activist groups, although these groups represent a significant social justice movement. Many of the core concerns and claims emerging from this activism can be found in disability activism. A first step that must be taken is to question how mental illnesses are modelled. Biomedical modelling is heavily criticized by psychiatric users/survivors for being reductionistic and for perpetuating damaging presumptions about decline and pathology. Social constructionist modelling, on the other hand, tends to be overly dismissive of biological factors that are often at play with these sorts of impairments. A middle‐ground approach, interactionist modelling, promises to be responsive to demands for recognition from psychiatric users/survivors.MethodI will first outline the core commitments of psychiatric users/survivors. Next, I will evaluate different models for mental illness by bringing together insights from user/survivor and disability activism.ConclusionsI conclude that interactionist modelling holds the best hope for supporting shared decision making. This type of model braids together the expertise of patients and medical professionals.
Factors differentially associated with early readmission at a university teaching psychiatric hospital
Authors: Hamilton Jane E. , Rhoades Howard , Galvez Juan , Allen Melissa , Green Charles , Aller Mildred , Soares Jair C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe rate of psychiatric readmissions within 30 days of discharge is a well‐established behavioural health system performance measure linked to the quality of inpatient hospital care as well as to access to community‐based aftercare services. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors differentially associated with earlier readmission among a sample of patients (n = 588) readmitted within 30 days of discharge to a university teaching psychiatric hospital from 2001 to 2010.MethodsQuality assurance interviews were conducted with patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The interview data were merged with clinical symptom and electronic medical record data. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine readmission within 7 days and from 8 to 14 days compared with 15–30 days after discharge while controlling for socio‐demographic and treatment variables previously associated with psychiatric readmission.ResultsMultiple clinical, treatment and patient‐reported factors were differentially associated with earlier readmission. In particular, lack of engagement in post‐discharge aftercare services was a strong predictor of earlier readmission.ConclusionsStrategies are needed to improve patients' transition from inpatient psychiatric hospitalization to aftercare services. Psychiatric hospitals attempting to reduce very early readmissions should seek to implement innovative transitional care initiatives targeting both patient and treatment factors.
The development, implementation and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Koornneef Erik , Robben Paul , Hajat Cother , Ali Azhar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesOur aim was to examine and describe the current situation in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries regarding the development, implementation and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines (CPG). The objectives were to describe from where the studies originated, what the clinical focus was of each study and examine the methodology and the status of each study (i.e. development, dissemination, implementation and evaluation).MethodsReview of literature – two stages: stage 1: screening through an abstract review, followed by independent adjudicator; stage 2: detailed assessment and classification.ResultsConsidering the widespread acceptance that CPG's are useful and effective tools for quality improvement in health care, it is worth noting that relatively few studies have been conducted in the GCC region that examine CPG. Furthermore, the reviewers found that the quality of the research methods used could be improved. The majority of the studies that were conducted evaluated the effects of guidelines and focused on the ‘lifestyle diseases’, in particular diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is also worth noting that there has been a steady increase in the number of publications over the 10 years period.ConclusionsMore attention needs to be given to developing, disseminating, implementing and evaluating CPG's in the GCC region in order to improve the quality and safety of health care.
Impact of Combination Treatments of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Refrigeration on the Status of Antioxidants in Highly Perishable Strawberries
Authors: Bhat Rajeev , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: March 2015

AbstractStrawberry fruits are highly appreciated for their distinctive aroma, mouthfeel and exceptional organoleptic properties. However, owing to their perishable nature, preservation and extension of shelf life of strawberries has been a major challenge. In this study, for the first time, combination effects of modified atmosphere packaging (combination of N2 and CO2 with 1% O2) and refrigeration (0, 5 and 10C, with 25C as control) on antioxidant activity and level of antioxidant compounds were evaluated. Encouraging results were obtained, which were all depended on the packaging, temperature used and storage days.Practical ApplicationsThe present research work is expected to add database to the existing knowledge on various challenges incurred for safe preservation and shelf life extension of strawberries. Depending on the requirements, it is envisaged that the information generated in this study will be of practical help to comprehend the effectiveness of employing combination treatments of modified atmosphere packaging and cold storage treatments on handling freshly harvested strawberries and can be explored commercially for preservation purposes, provided more standardization is undertaken.
Effect of Vibration on the Quality of Strawberry Fruits Caused by Simulated Transport
Authors: La Scalia G. , Aiello G. , Miceli A. , Nasca A. , Alfonzo A. , Settanni L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMechanical damage of agricultural products is one of the main problems in the harvest and postharvest chain due to the large economic loss that the shelf life reduction could generate. Measurements of change in the chemical components of highly perishable products and microbial growth under different static and dynamic loads is the first step in the development of intelligent logistic units that could help in predicting the residual shelf life in order to minimize losses along the supply chain. In our research, the effects of vibration along the supply chain of a case study were analyzed on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) in terms of microbiological and quality assessment. Fruits were subjected to vibration in a temperature‐controlled environment, simulating the transport conditions. Microbiological and quality analyses were conducted in three different positions along the column of the crates. The results were compared with the nonvibrated strawberries stored in the same environmental conditions along the whole cold chain, showing that vibrations cause a significant decrease in the qualitative characteristics of both fruits.Practical ApplicationsThe practical application obtainable from our research is the development of ad hoc economically affordable sensors based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the microorganisms showing the most rapid increase. The measurement of the VOCs of the dominant microorganisms could be implemented in a smart logistic unit as it provides information on the microbial evolution in real time. The research proposed configures as a first step to achieve such objective, and toward the development of a supply chain monitoring and control infrastructure relaying on the correlation of vibration phenomena with the VOCs originated by the microbiological activity. The methodology consists of measuring the effects of vibration along a reference supply chain in terms of microbiological and quality assessment, with the aim of extrapolating a mathematical correlation that can further be generalized into a replicable model.
New simple prognostic score for primary biliary cirrhosis: Albumin‐bilirubin score
Authors: Chan Anthony W H , Chan Ronald C K , Wong Grace L H , Wong Vincent W S , Choi Paul C L , Chan Henry L Y , To Ka‐Fai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimSerum albumin and bilirubin are the most significant independent prognostic factors to predict hepatic events in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of a new prognostic score, the albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score, among PBC patients.MethodsIn a retrospective longitudinal cohort of 61 Chinese PBC patients with follow‐up period up to 18.3 years, the prognostic performance of the ALBI in prediction of hepatic events was compared with other well‐established prognostic scores: Child–Pugh score, model of end‐stage liver disease, Mayo risk score, Yale, European, and Newcastle models.ResultsFifteen patients (24.6%) developed hepatic events during follow‐up. The c‐index (0.894) and χ2 by likelihood ratio test (36.34) of the ALBI score were highest in comparison to other models. The ALBI score was the only independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis and its adjusted hazard ratio of developing hepatic event was 27.8 (P < 0.001). There were three prognostically different groups stratified by the ALBI score: ALBI grade 1 (≤ −2.60), grade 2 (> −2.60 to −1.39), and grade 3 (> −1.39) groups. The 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year event‐free survivals for grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 groups were 100.0% versus 100.0% versus 57.1%, 100.0% versus 88.5% versus 14.3%, and 100.0% versus 81.7% versus 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe ALBI score is readily derived from a blood test without using those factors evaluated subjectively or obtained by invasive procedures. It is an independent prognostic factor for PBC patients and provides better/similar prognostic performance compared with other prognostic scores.
Prognostic value of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in digestive system malignancies
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Zhou 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimHOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), a well‐known long noncoding RNA, has been found to play significant roles in several tumors. However, the clinical application value of HOTAIR in digestive system malignancies remains to be clarified. We aimed to explore comprehensively the potential role of HOTAIR as a prognostic indicator in digestive system malignancies.MethodsSystematic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until July 5, 2014. A quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted with standard statistical methods for eligible papers on the prognostic value of HOTAIR in digestive system cancers.ResultsA total of 1059 patients from 13 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. A significant association was found between HOTAIR abundance and poor overall survival (OS) of patients with digestive system malignancies, with pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 2.587 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.054–3.259, P < 0.001). By combining HRs from Cox multivariate analyses, we found HOTAIR was an independent prognostic factor for OS without obvious heterogeneity (HR: 2.405, 95% CI: 1.883–3.0722, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that tumor type, histology type, region, publication year, sample size, and quality score did not alter the predictive value of HOTAIR as an independent factor for survival. Meta‐regression and sensitivity analysis both suggested the reliability of our findings. A slight publication bias was observed. After adjustment by nonparametric “trim‐and‐fill” method, the corrected HRs had no significant change.ConclusionHOTAIR could be exploited as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with digestive system malignancies.
Endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanases impact plant cell wall development by influencing cellulose crystallization
Authors: Glass Magdalena , Barkwill Sarah , Unda Faride , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCell walls are vital to the normal growth and development of plants as they protect the protoplast and provide rigidity to the stem. Here, two poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous endoglucanases, which have been proposed to play a role in secondary cell wall development, were examined. The class B endoglucanases, PtGH9B5 and AtGH9B5, are secreted enzymes that have a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, while the class C endoglucanases, PtGH9C2 and AtGH9C2, are also predicted to be secreted but instead contain a carbohydrate‐binding module. The poplar endoglucanases were expressed in Arabidopsis using both a 35S promoter and the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall‐specific CesA8 promoter. Additionally, Arabidopsis t‐DNA insertion lines and an RNAi construct was created to downregulate AtGH9C2 in Arabidopsis. All of the plant lines were examined for changes in cell morphology and patterning, growth and development, cell wall crystallinity, microfibril angle, and proportion of cell wall carbohydrates. Misregulation of PtGH9B5/AtGH9B5 resulted in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of PtGH9C2/AtGH9C2 resulted in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated with changes in plant height and rosette diameter. Together, these results suggest that these endoglucanases affect secondary cell wall development by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.
Effects of music on psychophysiological responses and opioid dosage in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Ji , Chen Tsung‐Ying , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Hsieh Yuan‐Mei , Lai Hui‐Ling 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe present authors examined the effects of listening to music on psychophysiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate) during preoperative and postoperative days and determined whether listening to music could lower pain intensity and opioid dosage during postoperative days in patients who underwent total knee replacements.MethodsThis was a two group repeated measures design for 30 subjects aged 53–85 years who were scheduled for total knee replacement. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a music group or a control group. Psychophysiological parameters were obtained from patients' monitors. A visual analog scale was used to assess postoperative pain. Opioid dosage was recorded and converted to standardized units. Mann–Whitney U‐test and generalized estimating equation analysis were used to compare groups.ResultsRespiratory rates while in the surgical waiting area were lower for the music group than for the control group (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between these groups for blood pressure, heart rate, pain intensity, or opioid dosage. However, a within‐group comparison showed that systolic blood pressure in the music group was significantly and consistently decreased during postoperative recovery (Wald = 9.21, P = 0.007).ConclusionThese results suggest that listening to music stabilized systolic blood pressure in patients during postoperative recovery. However, the effects of music on psychophysiological parameters, pain intensity, and opioid dosage in a surgical setting require further research.
Rethinking family‐centred care for the child and family in hospital
Authors: Tallon Mary M , Kendall Garth E , Snider Paul D 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectivesThis paper presents and discusses an alternative model of family‐centred care (FCC) that focuses on optimising the health and developmental outcomes of children through the provision of appropriate support to the child's family.BackgroundThe relevance, meaning and effectiveness of FCC have been challenged recently. Studies show that parents in hospital often feel unsupported, judged by hospital staff and uncertain about what care they should give to their child. With no convincing evidence relating FCC to improved child health outcomes, it has been suggested that FCC should be replaced with a new improved model to guide the care of children in hospital.DesignThis integrative review discusses theory and evidence‐based literature that supports the practice of an alternative model of FCC that is focused on the health and developmental outcomes of children who are seriously ill, rather than the organisational requirements of children's hospitals.MethodsTheories and research findings in a wide range of disciplines including epidemiology, psychology, sociology, anthropology and neuroscience were accessed for this discussion. Nursing literature regarding partnership building, communication and FCC was also accessed.DiscussionThis paper discusses the benefits of applying a bioecological model of human development, the family and community resource framework, the concepts of allostatic load and biological embedding, empowerment theory, and the nurse–family partnership model to FCC.ConclusionWhile there is no direct evidence showing that the implementation of this alternative model of FCC in the hospital setting improves the health and developmental outcomes of children who are seriously ill, there is a great deal of evidence from community nursing practice that suggests it is very likely to do so.Relevance to clinical practiceApplication of these theoretical concepts to practice has the potential to underpin a theory of nursing that is relevant for all nurses irrespective of the age of those they care for and the settings within which they work.
Evolution of tinea capitis in the Nanchang area, Southern China: a 50‐year survey (1965–2014)
Authors: Zhan Ping , Geng Chengfang , Li Zhihua , Jin Yun , Jiang Qing , Tao Li , Luo Yunpeng , Xiong Zhiwei , Wu Shaoxi , Li Dongmei , Liu Weida , de Hoog G. Sybren 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTinea capitis remains a common public health problem worldwide especially in developing areas. Aetiologic agents and clinical pattern vary with geography and history of socioeconomic conditions. Three community surveys and a prospective study were carried out over the past 50 years (1965–2014) in the Qingyunpu District of Nanchang, Southern China. Clinical presentation and spectrum of aetiological agents were monitored to understand the evolution of tinea capitis. In 1965 favus was highly epidemic andTrichophyton schoenleiniipresented as the overwhelming aetiological agents of scalp infection in the study area, with a prevalence of 3.41% of the population. During a governmental campaign to eliminate tinea capitis initiated in mid of 1960s, favus was successfully controlled and the prevalence decreased to less than 0.01% in 1977. After that period, clinical presentation and spectrum of fungi changed with social development.Trichophyton schoenleiniiwas replaced byTrichophyton violaceumandTrichophyton mentagrophytes. Nowadays, the species corresponds with a dominant black dot type of tinea capitis in the Nanchang area. The prevalence of causative agents of tinea capitis is not only related to geography but also to socioeconomic factors. Multiple factors have to be considered for the management for control of this disease.
In vitro susceptibility patterns of clinically important Trichophyton and Epidermophyton species against nine antifungal drugs
Authors: Badali Hamid , Mohammadi Rasoul , Mashedi Olga , de Hoog G. Sybren , Meis Jacques F. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryDespite the common, worldwide, occurrence of dermatophytes, little information is available regarding susceptibility profiles against currently available and novel antifungal agents. A collection of sixty‐eight clinical Trichophyton species and Epidermophyton floccosum were previously identified and verified to the species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA. MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine and MECs of caspofungin and anidulafungin were performed based on CLSI M38‐A2. The resulting MIC90s of all strains were, in increasing order, as follows: terbinafine (0.063 mg l−1); posaconazole (1 mg l−1); isavuconazole and anidulafungin (2 mg l−1); itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin (4 mg l−1) and fluconazole (>64 mg l−1). These results confirm that terbinafine is an excellent agent for treatment of dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, T. schoenleinii and E. floccosum. In addition, the new azoles POS and ISA are potentially useful antifungals to treat dermatophytosis. However, the clinical effectiveness of these novel antifungals remains to be determined.
Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below‐ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes
Authors: McCormack M. Luke , Dickie Ian A. , Eissenstat David M. , Fahey Timothy J. , Fernandez Christopher W. , Guo Dali , Helmisaari Heljä‐Sisko , Hobbie Erik A. , Iversen Colleen M. , Jackson Robert B. , Leppälammi‐Kujansuu Jaana , Norby Richard J. , Phillips Richard P. , Pregitzer Kurt S. , Pritchard Seth G. , Rewald Boris , Zadworny Marcin 
Published: March 2015

SummaryFine roots acquire essential soil resources and mediate biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of carbon and nutrient allocation to build and maintain these structures remain uncertain because of the challenges of consistently measuring and interpreting fine‐root systems. Traditionally, fine roots have been defined as all roots ≤ 2 mm in diameter, yet it is now recognized that this approach fails to capture the diversity of form and function observed among fine‐root orders. Here, we demonstrate how order‐based and functional classification frameworks improve our understanding of dynamic root processes in ecosystems dominated by perennial plants. In these frameworks, fine roots are either separated into individual root orders or functionally defined into a shorter‐lived absorptive pool and a longer‐lived transport fine‐root pool. Using these frameworks, we estimate that fine‐root production and turnover represent 22% of terrestrial net primary production globally – a c. 30% reduction from previous estimates assuming a single fine‐root pool. Future work developing tools to rapidly differentiate functional fine‐root classes, explicit incorporation of mycorrhizal fungi into fine‐root studies, and wider adoption of a two‐pool approach to model fine roots provide opportunities to better understand below‐ground processes in the terrestrial biosphere.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Ordered variation in fine‐root traits – different functions of different roots
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III.
Pitfalls and platforms – understanding bias and improving estimates of root processes
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IV.
Moving forward using root orders and functional classifications
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V.
Can we integrate mycorrhizal fungi with root classifications?
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VI.
Conclusions and recommendations
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Acknowledgements
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References
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