Abstract 2183: PF-02341066 (crizotinib), a dual ALK/c-Met inhibitor, for inhibiting growth of glioblastoma.
Authors: Das Arabinda , Wallace Gerald C. , Haar Catherine , DeCandio Michele L. , Vandergrift W Alex , Patel Sunil J. , Ray Swapan K. , Banik Naren L. , Giglio Pierre 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and highly aggressive human brain cancer. Most of the glioblastoma patients do not survive more than a few months after the diagnosis. The prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains very poor even after aggressive treatments. Traditional therapeutic strategies are not yet satisfactory for controlling the growth of this deadly malignancy in humans. Heterogeneity of cells in glioblastoma is one of biggest hurdles in its management. Novel and innovative therapeutic agents need to be explored for targeting the key cell signaling pathways that promote proliferation and survival of different human glioblastoma cells. Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the progression of this malignancy. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-Met are two such proteins. ALK/c-Met are associated with the development and progression of many human cancers, including glioblastoma. Also, overexpression or mutation of c-ros proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which also leads to oncogenic development of glioblastoma. In the present study, we examined the activity of the Pfizer drug crizotinib (PF-02341066, a dual ALK/c-Met inhibitor) for suppression of both ALK/c-Met pathways and induction of apoptotic death in different human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U118MG, and U138MG) and fresh tumor biopsies surgically extracted from 6 glioblastoma patients. Our dose-response studies indicated that treatment with PF-02341066 for 24 h could induce morphological features (as detected by Wright staining) and also biochemical features (as detected by DNA fragmentation assay and Western blotting) of apoptosis. We used Western blotting for investigation into the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic death and found that induction of apoptosis was associated with decreases in expression of ALK, c-Met, c-Ros, Survivin, and Bcl-2 proteins after the treatment. Western blotting also demonstrated that treatment with PF-02341066 caused apoptosis due to an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3 in glionlastoma cells and tissues. Increase in activity of caspase-3 was confirmed by colorimetric assay. Most importantly, PF-02341066 significantly enhanced the anti-cancer effect of temozolomide (TMZ), a widely used anti-glioblastoma drug, in human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U118MG, and U138MG) as well as in fresh tumor biopsies from 6 glioblastoma patients. Our studies also suggested that induction of apoptosis by PF-02341066 does not depend on the functional status of p53, PTEN, ALK, c-Met, or c-Ros in the glioblastoma cell lines or in the glioblastoma tissues. Further studies in different animal models of glioblastoma are warranted in the future to determine whether PF-02341066 may be useful as an anti-cancer agent alone or in combination with TMZ for the management of human glioblastomas in vivo. This investigation was supported in by Pfizer Oncology.
Citation Format: Arabinda Das, Gerald C. Wallace, Catherine Haar, Michele L. DeCandio, W Alex Vandergrift, Sunil J. Patel, Swapan K. Ray, Naren L. Banik, Pierre Giglio. PF-02341066 (crizotinib), a dual ALK/c-Met inhibitor, for inhibiting growth of glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2183. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2183