bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity to Fairness and Intentions of Others in the Ultimatum Game in Patients with Ventromedial Prefontal Lesions
Authors: Shamay-Tsoory Simone G. , Suleiman Ramzi , Aharon-Peretz Judith , Gohary Ravit , Hirschberger Gilad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship between perspective-taking and impaired decision-making in patients with ventromedial prefrontal (VM) lesions, using the Ultimatum Game (UG). In the UG, two players split a sum of money and one player proposes a division while the other can accept or reject this. Eight patients with VM damage and 18 healthy controls participated as responders in a modified version of the UG, in which identical offers can generate different rejection rates depending on the other offers available to the proposer. Participants had to either accept or reject offers of 2:8 NIS (2NIS for them and 8 NIS for the proposer), which were paired with one of four different possible offers (5:5, 4:6, 2:8, 8:2). Results indicate that the controls more often rejected offers of 2:8 when the alternative was 4:6 (a greedy alternative) than when the alternative was 5:5 (fair alternative), whereas the VM patients showed the opposite pattern of decision-making. Additionally, the overall rejection rates were higher in patients as compared to controls. Furthermore, scores on a perspective-taking scale were negatively correlated with rejection rates in the patient group, suggesting that perspective-taking deficits may account for impaired decision-making in VM patients. (JINS, 2012, 18, 952–961)
Mineralogy and morphology of geologic units at Libya Montes, Mars: Ancient aqueously derived outcrops, mafic flows, fluvial features, and impacts
Authors: Bishop Janice L. , Tirsch Daniela , Tornabene Livio L. , Jaumann Ralf , McEwen Alfred S. , McGuire Patrick C. , Ody Anouck , Poulet Francois , Clark Roger N. , Parente Mario , McKeown Nancy K. , Mustard John F. , Murchie Scott L. , Voigt Joana , Aydin Zeynep , Bamberg Marlene , Petau Andreas , Michael Gregory , Seelos Frank P. , Hash Christopher D. , Swayze Gregg A. , Neukum Gerhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere is ample evidence of both ancient and long‐lasting fluvial activity and chemical alteration in the Libya Montes region south of Isidis Basin. The region hosts Noachian to Amazonian aged surface rocks with extensive outcrops of olivine‐ and pyroxene‐bearing material. Libya Montes also features surface outcrops and/or deposits hosting Fe/Mg‐smectite, Fe/Mg‐smectite mixed with carbonate and/or other Fe/Mg‐rich phyllosilicates, and Al‐smectite. These units likely formed through chemical alteration connected with hydrothermal activity resulting from the formation of the Isidis Basin and/or the pervasive fluvial activity throughout this region. The morphology and stratigraphy of the aqueous and mafic minerals are described using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and High Resolution Stereo Camera derived digital terrain models. Analyses of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars spectra show variations in the chemistry of the Fe/Mg‐smectite from nontronite‐like exposures with spectral features near 2.29 and 2.4 µm more consistent with Fe3+2OH groups in the mineral structure, and saponite‐like outcrops with spectral features near 2.31 and 2.38 µm characteristic of Mg2+3OH groups. These Fe/Mg‐smectite bearing materials also have bands near 1.9 µm due to H2O and near 2.5 µm that could be due to the smectite, other phyllosilicates, and carbonates. All regions exhibiting carbonate features near 3.4–3.5 µm also have features consistent with the presence of olivine and Fe/Mg‐smectite, indicating that the carbonate signatures occur in rocks likely containing a mixture of these minerals. The Al‐smectite‐bearing rocks have bands near 1.41, 1.91, and 2.19 µm that are more consistent with beidellite than other Al‐phyllosilicates, indicating a higher‐temperature or diagenetically processed origin for this material. Our interpretation of the geologic history of this region is that ancient Noachian basaltic crustal materials experienced extensive aqueous alteration at the time of the Isidis impact, during which the montes were also formed, followed by emplacement of a rough olivine‐rich lava or melt, and finally the smooth pyroxene‐bearing caprock unit.
Ecogeomorphic coevolution of semiarid hillslopes: Emergence of banded and striped vegetation patterns through interaction of biotic and abiotic processes
Authors: Saco Patricia M. , Moreno‐de las Heras Mariano 
Published: November 2012

Key Points
Vegetation patterns strongly depend on feedbacks with coevolving landforms
Patterns prescribed by relative rates of fluvial and diffusive erosion processes
Vegetation feedbacks alter sediment redistribution and emergent microtopography
Demonstration of a geostatistical approach to physically consistent downscaling of climate modeling simulations
Authors: Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Mariethoz Gregoire , Evans Jason P. , McCabe Matthew F. 
Published: November 2012

Key PointsDownscaling of climate model data by the Direct Sampling method was demonstratedDownscaled temperature, soil moisture and latent heat show excellent resultsError analysis of the downscaled variables and their correlations are presented
Inferring Adult Status and Trends from Juvenile Density Data for Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Bowlby Heather D. , F. Gibson A. Jamie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Typically, juvenile survey data are not used explicitly to determine status, trends, or abundance designations for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, even though they can be the only source of information for many populations. To determine whether juvenile data can be informative about adult abundance and status in Atlantic salmon, we evaluated the similarities in trends among age-classes for two data-rich populations using a nested log-linear model. We found relatively consistent and significant trends for the age-0, adult and egg time series, but the trends in juvenile density data for older age-classes were less consistent with adult abundance trends. A threshold-based analysis demonstrated that relatively low misclassification rates for adult status relative to a set reference level could be obtained from juvenile density estimates. Together, these results suggest that juvenile density data can be an informative proxy for adult abundance and may be useful as an indicator for large changes in population status relative to reference points. This would make data collection via electrofishing an appropriate monitoring method for fisheries management or conservation programs. However, the validity of the idea that dramatic changes in adult abundance will be mirrored in juvenile data partially depends on the specific age-classes monitored, the survey design, and the timing of density dependence in the population. Using juvenile data as an index would necessitate some prior knowledge of the underlying population dynamics before the method could be applied more generally.
Received May 9, 2012; accepted August 8, 2012
Atomic structure analysis of stacking faults and misfit dislocations at 3C-SiC/Si(0 0 1) interfaces by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Yamasaki J , Inamoto S , Nomura Y , Tamaki H , Tanaka N 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The interfacial atomic structures of 3C-SiC/Si(0 0 1) and the dislocation core structures related to generation and annihilation of stacking faults are clarified by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy combined with image processing called the ‘image subtraction and improved deconvolution (ISD)’ method. Details of the intrinsic interfacial structure are explained in terms of a two-dimensional network of partial edge dislocations and Lomer dislocations. Around the junction of the interface and a {1 1 1} stacking fault, a seven-membered ring of Si and C atom columns and interfacial steps are observed. On the other hand, a six-membered ring is observed at the intersection of two {1 1 1} stacking faults. Based on the results, the formation mechanism of the intrinsic interfacial structure and stacking faults during the growth process is discussed.
A new F-actin structure in fungi: actin ring formation around the cell nucleus of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Kopecká Marie , Kawamoto Susumu , Yamaguchi Masashi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The F-actin cytoskeleton of Cryptococcus neoformans is known to comprise actin cables, cortical patches and cytokinetic ring. Here, we describe a new F-actin structure in fungi, a perinuclear F-actin collar ring around the cell nucleus, by fluorescent microscopic imaging of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin. Perinuclear F-actin rings form in Cryptococcus neoformans treated with the microtubule inhibitor Nocodazole or with the drug solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or grown in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) medium, but they are absent in cells treated with Latrunculin A. Perinuclear F-actin rings may function as ‘funicular cabin’ for the cell nucleus, and actin cables as intracellular ‘funicular’ suspending nucleus in the central position in the cell and moving nucleus along the polarity axis along actin cables.
The EoR sensitivity of the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Beardsley A. P. , Hazelton B. J. , Morales M. F. , Arcus W. , Barnes D. , Bernardi G. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. H. , Bunton J. D. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Deshpande A. , deSouza L. , Emrich D. , Gaensler B. M. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Herne D. , Hewitt J. N. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasper J. C. , Kincaid B. B. , Koenig R. , Kratzenberg E. , Lonsdale C. J. , Lynch M. J. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morgan E. , Oberoi D. , Ord S. M. , Pathikulangara J. , Prabu T. , Remillard R. A. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Salah J. E. , Sault R. J. , Udaya Shankar N. , Srivani K. S. , Stevens J. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Wayth R. B. , Waterson M. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. , Wyithe J. S. B. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Using the final 128 antenna locations of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), we calculate its sensitivity to the epoch of reionization (EoR) power spectrum of redshifted 21 cm emission for a fiducial model and provide the tools to calculate the sensitivity for any model. Our calculation takes into account synthesis rotation, chromatic and asymmetrical baseline effects, and excludes modes that will be contaminated by foreground subtraction. For the fiducial model, the MWA will be capable of a 14σ detection of the EoR signal with one full season of observation on two fields (900 and 700 h).
Regulation of miR399f Transcription by AtMYB2 Affects Phosphate Starvation Responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Baek Dongwon , Kim Min Chul , Chun Hyun Jin , Kang Songhwa , Park Hyeong Cheol , Shin Gilok , Park Jiyoung , Shen Mingzhe , Hong Hyewon , Kim Woe-Yeon , Kim Doh Hoon , Lee Sang Yeol , Bressan Ray A. , Bohnert Hans J. , Yun Dae-Jin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Although a role for microRNA399 (miR399) in plant responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation has been indicated, the regulatory mechanism underlying miR399 gene expression is not clear. Here, we report that AtMYB2 functions as a direct transcriptional activator for miR399 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Pi starvation signaling. Compared with untransformed control plants, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtMYB2 showed increased miR399f expression and tissue Pi contents under high Pi growth and exhibited elevated expression of a subset of Pi starvation-induced genes. Pi starvation-induced root architectural changes were more exaggerated in AtMYB2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the wild type. AtMYB2 directly binds to a MYB-binding site in the miR399f promoter in vitro, as well as in vivo, and stimulates miR399f promoter activity in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Transcription of AtMYB2 itself is induced in response to Pi deficiency, and the tissue expression patterns of miR399f and AtMYB2 are similar. Both genes are expressed mainly in vascular tissues of cotyledons and in roots. Our results suggest that AtMYB2 regulates plant responses to Pi starvation by regulating the expression of the miR399 gene.
Detection and differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus and V. sinaloensis in water and oysters of a Gulf of Mexico estuary
Authors: Staley Christopher , Chase Eva , Harwood Valerie J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryVibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal human pathogen that occurs naturally in estuarine waters and shellfish. Vibrio vulnificus was quantified in water and oysters from Florida's Gulf Coast by plating on mCPC agar, enrichment and plating, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Vibrio vulnificus was detected in 19%, 29%, and 97% of samples respectively by direct plating, qPCR, and enrichment. Only 8% of typical colonies from direct plating were confirmed by PCR for vvhA; others yielded no or atypically sized amplicons. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of 16 vvhA‐negative isolates with colony morphology typical of V. vulnificus identified 75% as V. sinaloensis. In vitro growth curves showed that V. sinaloensis grew more rapidly than V. vulnificus in seawater at temperatures ≤ 30°C. In contrast, the growth rate of V. vulnificus in alkaline peptone water was greater than that of V. sinaloensis, suggesting that these species can outcompete one another under conditions that are relevant to environmental parameters or regulatory monitoring regimes respectively. The virulence potential and ecology of V. sinaloensis are poorly understood; however, its phenotypic resemblance to V. vulnificus and the possibility that it could outcompete the pathogen in warm, estuarine waters argue for the need for a better understanding of this newly described Vibrio species.
The versatile in situ gene expression of an Epsilonproteobacteria‐dominated biofilm from a hydrothermal chimney
Authors: Dahle Håkon , Roalkvam Irene , Thorseth Ingunn H. , Pedersen Rolf B. , Steen Ida H. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe Epsilonproteobacteria, including members of the genus Sulfurovum, are regarded as important primary producers in hydrothermal systems. However, their in situ gene expression in this habitat has so far not been investigated. We report a metatranscriptomic analysis of a Sulfurovum‐dominated biofilm from one of the chimneys at the Loki's Castle hydrothermal system, located at the Arctic Mid Ocean Ridge. Transcripts involved in hydrogen oxidation, oxidation of sulfur species, aerobic respiration and denitrification were abundant and mostly assigned to Sulfurovum, indicating that members of this genus utilize multiple chemical energy sources simultaneously for primary production. Sulfurovum also seemed to have a diverse expression of transposases, potentially involved in horizontal gene transfer. Other transcripts were involved in CO2 fixation by the reverse TCA cycle, the CRISPR‐Cas system, heavy metal resistance, and sensing and responding to changing environmental conditions. Through pyrosequencing of PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes, the Sulfurovum‐dominated biofilm was compared with another biofilm from the same chimney, revealing a large shift in the community structure of Epsilonproteobacteria‐dominated biofilms over a few metres.
Feeding preferences of the red‐billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorhynchus: a parasitic mutualist?
Authors: Plantan Tiffany , Howitt Mark , Kotzé Antoinette , Gaines Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe oxpecker–ungulate association of sub‐Saharan Africa is an example of a complicated interspecific association subject to variation in outcome. Oxpeckers (Buphagus spp.) are unusual birds because they not only glean ticks from an array of African ungulates, but they are one of the few avian species known to wound‐feed from their living hosts. The conditions under which oxpeckers wound‐feed and the mechanisms generating variation in this association are unclear. We took a unique approach to studying the relationship by conducting a series of feeding preference experiments on twelve captive red‐billed oxpeckers (B. erythrorhynchus). We assessed how oxpecker feeding behaviour is influenced by changes in tick abundance and tick type. In cafeteria‐style experiments, oxpeckers fed equally on ticks and liquid bovine blood. In experiments using donkeys as the host animal, oxpeckers spent more time wound‐feeding when a less‐preferred tick type was available and when tick abundance was low compared to when a preferred tick type was available and when tick abundance was high. However, oxpeckers still wound‐fed even when offered a large number of the ticks they prefer. Additional experiments incorporating tick species of different stages and multiple ungulate species are necessary to fully reveal the dynamics of this association.
Historical climate‐human‐ecosystem interaction in East Africa: a review
Authors: Gelorini Vanessa , Verschuren Dirk 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe palaeoecological visibility of historical human impact on natural ecosystems in tropical East Africa is strongly impeded by an overriding dominant signature of climate change at decadal‐to‐millennial time scales. Better knowledge of the relative magnitude and timing of present and past human impact and climate variability is, however, instrumental to properly assess the resilience, and recovery potential, of East Africa's natural ecosystems. Here, we briefly review comprehensive previous attempts to assess past ecosystem responses to climate change and human impact. We further discuss some key issues of climate‐human‐ecosystem relationships in a multidisciplinary framework and address some future challenges and outcomes, which may pave the way to a better understanding of past climate‐human‐ecosystem interaction‐ in tropical Africa.
Local receptor revision and class switching to IgE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Gevaert P. , Nouri‐Aria K. T. , Wu H. , Harper C. E. , Takhar P. , Fear D. J. , Acke F. , De Ruyck N. , Banfield G. , Kariyawasam H. H. , Bachert C. , Durham S. R. , Gould H. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (NP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by local Th2 inflammation and up‐regulation of IgE; however, IgE in NP is ‘polyclonal’ and allergen specific, whereas IgE in AR is ‘oligoclonal’ and allergen specific. Germinal center (GC) reactions occur in AR, while only the formation of GC‐like structures in NP is described. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of local IgE production, class switch recombination, and receptor revision in NP.MethodsWe compared the levels of local IgE, germline gene transcripts, and mature Ig mRNA expression, recombination activating gene (RAG1 and RAG2), key markers of Th2 inflammation, and GC reactions in NP tissue vs AR and control tissue. Nasal mucosa was immunostained for the co‐expression of RAG1 and RAG2 in B cells, plasma cells, and T cells, using dual or triple immunofluorescence (IF).ResultsIn NP, local IgE level and key markers of local class switching are increased compared with AR and normal controls (NC). In NP, switch circle transcripts reveal ongoing local class switch recombination to IgE. Up to 30% of B cells, plasma cells, and T cells in nasal polyps re‐express both RAG1 and RAG2, required for receptor revision. RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA concentrations are increased in NP and correlated with the magnitude of inflammation and the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin (superantigen)‐specific IgE in the nasal polyp mucosa.ConclusionOur results provide the first evidence of local receptor revision and class switching to IgE, and B‐cell differentiation into IgE‐secreting plasma cells in NP.
Features of airway remodeling in different types of Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis are associated with inflammation patterns
Authors: Shi L‐L. , Xiong P. , Zhang L. , Cao P‐P. , Liao B. , Lu X. , Cui Y‐H. , Liu Z. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe remodeling patterns in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have rarely been compared, particularly the difference between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Moreover, whether there is a link between remodeling and inflammation remains controversial.ObjectiveTo directly compare the remodeling features of different CRS and to explore their relationship with inflammation in Chinese patients.MethodsHistologic characteristics of surgical samples were analyzed in 33 controls, 72 eosinophilic and 76 noneosinophilic CRSwNP, and 72 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) patients. Tissue samples from 38 controls, 26 eosinophilic and 26 noneosinophilic CRSwNP, and 32 CRSsNP patients were measured for mRNA and/or protein expression of profibrotic growth factors, metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, interleukin (IL)‐8, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).ResultsThe amount of collagen decreased, whereas the edema scores increased, from CRSsNP to noneosinophilic CRSwNP and to eosinophilic CRSwNP. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2 protein levels were enhanced in CRSsNP compared with CRSwNP. TIMP‐4 protein levels decreased in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared with noneosinophilic CRSwNP and CRSsNP. The number of neutrophils decreased from CRSsNP to noneosinophilic CRSwNP and to eosinophilic CRSwNP. ECP levels were only up‐regulated in eosinophilic CRSwNP. ECP levels and neutrophil number correlated positively with the severity of edema and fibrosis, respectively. Neutrophils were the major sources of TGF‐β2 in CRSsNP and noneosinophilic CRSwNP.ConclusionDistinct remodeling patterns are revealed for different types of CRS, particularly for eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP. Tissue remodeling associates with inflammation in CRS.
A randomised comparison of InnoScope and Macintosh laryngoscope in simulated difficult tracheal intubation in manikins
Authors: Fong A. W. Y. , Lam K. C. , Cheng B. C. P. , Lam K. K. , Chan M. T. V. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWe conducted a crossover randomised study to evaluate the performance of a novel optical stylet, the InnoScope, for tracheal intubation in simulated normal and difficult airways. Twenty‐five anaesthetists attempted tracheal intubation on a SimMan 3G simulator using the InnoScope first followed by the Macintosh laryngoscope or vice versa. Three airway scenarios were tested: (1) normal airway; (2) difficult airway with swollen pharynx; and (3) limited neck movement. In each scenario, the laryngeal view, duration of and success rate for tracheal intubation were recorded. Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the use of InnoScope increased the percentage of glottic opening seen by 17% in normal airway, 23% in the difficult airway and 32% with limited neck movement, p < 0.01. Despite this better laryngeal view, successful tracheal intubation achieved with the InnoScope (88.0%) was lower than that for the Macintosh laryngoscope (98.7%), p = 0.008. Using the InnoScope, tracheal intubation during the first attempt was only successful in 48% of cases with difficult airway. In this scenario, the median (interquartile range [range]) duration of tracheal intubation was significantly longer with the InnoScope (53 (20–100 [15–120]) s) compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope (27 (20–62 [15–120]) s), p = 0.01. We conclude that an improved laryngeal view with the use of the InnoScope did not translate into better conditions for tracheal intubation.