bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A macroecological perspective of trait patterns in stream communities
Authors: Heino Jani , Schmera Dénes , Erős Tibor 
Published: May 2013

SummaryOther than some classical ideas, large‐scale approaches to understand variation in organismal traits (or the trait composition of an ecological community) across stream ecosystems are rather recent. Recent case studies and review papers show clear evidence for the usefulness of trait‐based analyses in bioassessment, but how community traits vary along natural gradients at large scales has not yet been synthesised. Here, we attempt to fill this gap by providing a synthesis of trait patterns of stream communities from a macroecological perspective.We argue that although both natural and anthropogenic filters shape community traits, examination of poorly understood natural filters, including those acting at large scales, should receive increasing attention. Such knowledge is vital for reliably inferring anthropogenic impacts on stream communities and ecosystems.We synthesise knowledge of two large‐scale spatial patterns of stream communities: among drainage basins (i.e. geographical variation) and within drainage basins (i.e. longitudinal variation). We also examine the temporal dimension of organismal traits. Our review highlights clear evidence for large‐scale influences on the trait composition in stream systems. For example, despite previous contentions that organismal traits should vary negligibly across large geographical gradients, there is actually clear geographical variation across near‐pristine systems. Furthermore, in accordance with theory, organismal traits in actual data sets vary along the longitudinal gradient of stream systems.We provide an overview of empirical and statistical approaches to understanding the trait composition of stream communities in macroecological studies and conclude that the methodology should be carefully considered in comparisons among studies, because contrasting results may reflect not only ecological differences but also differences in methodology (e.g. choice of species traits, trait quantification and analytical methods).We conclude that the question of how the trait composition of stream communities varies along geographical and environmental gradients is far from settled. A challenge for large‐scale stream ecology is to provide a more specific view of trait variation in multiple taxonomic groups (e.g. do traits vary similarly in different organisms groups?), along major environmental gradients (e.g. is trait variation similar along the same environmental gradients in different regions?) and among different regional entities (e.g. do the traits vary, on average, among different regions?).
Purchasing factor concentrates in the 21st century through competitive tendering
Authors: Hay C. R. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe increasing intensity of treatment, the widespread adoption of factor VIII and IX prophylaxis and increasing usage over the past decade have led to haemophilia becoming an almost uniquely expensive condition to treat. The average adult with severe haemophilia A in the UK used 250 000 IU of factor VIII in 2011/2012, at a cost in excess of £100 000 p.a. The cost to the end‐user may be considerably higher than this for some US patients supplied by home care companies with high on‐costs. This has led to a high level of administrative scrutiny of treatment and an imperative to procure clotting factor concentrates more efficiently and collectively. National procurement schemes have run successfully in various countries and will become commoner. The UK system of procurement is described. This system, following EU procurement rules, evaluated products technically and by price. The price of bioequivalent products was determined by reverse e‐auction. Considerable cost reductions were achieved whilst retaining all suppliers and maintaining a degree of prescribing freedom. Elements of this system could be more widely applied.
Incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of intraductal carcinoma detected in prostate biopsies: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Watts Katherine , Li Jianbo , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , Zhou Ming 
Published: May 2013

AimsIntraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) is a distinct clinicopathological entity and is associated with aggressive, high‐grade and high‐volume prostate carcinoma (PCa). The incidence, clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of IDC‐P have not been reported in prostate biopsies (PBx) that surgical pathologists encounter in their daily practice.Methods and resultsIn 1176 prospectively collected PBx, 33 IDC‐P cases were identified (2.8%). The mean age of patients with IDC‐P was 65 (range 46–79) years and mean serum prostate‐specific antigen was 16.2 (range 0.4–105.6) ng/ml. Three (0.26%) IDC‐P cases did not have a concomitant invasive PCa. Of 30 cases with concomitant invasive PCa, Gleason score was 7 in 16 (53.3%), 8 in four (13.3%) and 9 in 10 (33.3%) cases. The mean number of biopsy cores involved by PCa was 7.2 (range 1–14). Nine patients were treated with radical prostatectomy. Seminal vesicle invasion was found in four of nine (44%) cases, significantly higher than the risk of 12% predicted by Partin Tables (P = 0.016).ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study that has investigated the incidence and prognostic significance of IDC‐P diagnosed in PBx encountered in daily practice. It is critical for surgical pathologists to diagnose and report IDC‐P in PBx.
Effects of riparian buffer strips on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) within an agricultural landscape
Authors: Stockan Jenni A. , Baird John , Langan Simon J. , Young Mark R. , Iason Glenn R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Current restoration of stream and lotic freshwater systems to ‘good ecological status’ has focused on the creation of vegetated riparian buffer strips. Yet, despite this constituting a major land‐use change, surprisingly little is known about the effects of these strips on riparian organisms. We investigated the effect that widespread adoption of buffer strips may have on activity density, species diversity, and assemblage composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae).
Over 2 years, we sampled carabids from 41 riparian margins within two river catchments in north‐east Scotland. We compared three types of riparian margin: unbuffered (i.e. ‘unimproved’), vegetated buffer strips, and wooded, the latter acting as reference sites. A range of site parameters including characteristics of soil, water, and vegetation were recorded and the extent to which they correlated with ground beetle assemblages was explored.
Catchment and treatment effects were detected on ground beetle activity density and species diversity with unbuffered sites showing higher activity density and species richness. The assemblage structure differed according to catchment, treatment, and local characteristics. Multivariate analysis suggested that soil and vegetation parameters and stream width, together with buffer strip age and length were determinants of assemblage structure. Few riparian species were found in large numbers.
This study shows that in intensively managed agricultural landscapes riparian buffer strips do not create the quality of habitat required by truly riparian species. They do, however, provide habitat for woodland and stenotopic species and with more careful planning could play a role in increasing habitat heterogeneity at a landscape scale.
Investigations on Material and Mechanical Properties, Air‐Permeation Behavior and Filtration Performance of Mullite‐Bonded Porous SiC Ceramics
Authors: Dey Atanu , Kayal Nijhuma , Chakrabarti Omprakash , Caldato Rafael Falchi , Innocentini Murilo Daniel de Mello , Guerra Vadila Giovana 
Published: May 2013

A theoretical relation between processing parameters and porosity (29–56%) of mullite‐bonded porous SiC ceramics was derived and validated with experimental data. Porosity‐dependent variation of fracture strength (9–34 MPa) and elastic modulus (7–28 GPa) was explained by the minimum solid area model. At room temperature, the Darcian, k1 (1.2 × 10−13–1.6 × 10−12 m2) and the non‐Darcian, k2 (4.6 × 10−9–2.7 × 10−7 m) permeability coefficients showed linear variation with porosity. Tests conducted up to 650°C indicated an increase in k1 with temperature and a reverse trend for k2. Airborne NaCl nanoparticle filtration tests showed good performance of SiC ceramics with fractional collection efficiency of >99% at 46–56% porosity levels.
Silicon Carbide Whisker‐Reinforced Ceramic Tape for High‐Power Components
Authors: Doo Sae Han Na , Lim Won Bae , Lee Jun Seok , Han Chan Su , Cho Yong Soo , Yoo Chang Geun 
Published: May 2013

An attempt to enhance both mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of glass‐based tapes is described. Flexural strength of ~420 MPa and thermal conductivity of ~10.3 W/m/K have been achieved in fully densified tape comprising calcium aluminoborosilicate glass, aluminum nitride, and silicon carbide whiskers. Silicon carbide whiskers aligned parallel to the casting direction contributed significantly to the reinforcement of the microstructure with accompanying extensive densification over a broad temperature range. These results are compared with the more typical alumina filler substituted for the aluminum nitride.
Association of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with anemia risk in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Kuhn Joachim , Dreier Jens , Knabbe Cornelius , Prokop Sylvana , Gummert Jan F. , Börgermann Jochen 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIntroductionThere is emerging data that vitamin D plays a role in erythropoiesis. Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels may therefore be a risk factor for anemia in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery.MethodsWe investigated 4428 consecutive cardiac surgical patients to determine an association between anemia (hemoglobin concentration <12.5 g/dL, 27.1% of the study cohort) and circulating 25OHD.ResultsIn patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 12.5 nm), mean hemoglobin concentrations were 0.80 g/dL lower compared with patients with adequate 25OHD levels (50.0–100 nm). Hemoglobin levels were not significantly different at 25OHD levels above 100 nm compared with 50.0–100 nm. In multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios for anemia of the groups with severe and moderate vitamin D deficiency (12.5–29.9 nm) were 1.70 (95% CI:1.09–2.63) and 1.41 (95% CI:1.02–1.96), respectively, compared with patients who had circulating 25OHD levels of 75–100 nm. Prevalence of deficient circulating 25OHD levels was highest in anemia of chronic kidney disease.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional study demonstrates an independent association between vitamin D status and anemia risk with optimal 25OHD levels of 75–100 nm. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify whether this association is causal.
Self-reported risk factors for chlamydia: a survey of pharmacy-based emergency contraception consumers
Authors: Gudka Sajni , Bourdin Aline , Watkins Kim , Eshghabadi Atefeh , Everett Alan , Clifford Rhonda M 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the self-reported risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis in pharmacy-based emergency contraception (EC) consumers, evaluate their pharmacy experience and determine whether they would be willing to accept a chlamydia test from the pharmacy.

Methods
A survey for women to complete after their EC consultation was developed from themes identified in a literature search. Nineteen pharmacies in the Perth metropolitan region and 13 pharmacies in rural, regional and remote Western Australia (WA) participated in this study.

Key findings
From the 113 surveys completed (n = 75 from Perth metropolitan; n = 38 from rural, regional and remote WA), 85% of respondents were between 16 and 29 years of age and all (100%) of the women had inconsistent barrier contraception. Almost all (94%) of the women had at least two, and nearly half (47%) had at least three out of the four risk factors for chlamydia. Nearly 70% of the women found it very easy/easy to access a pharmacy and felt very comfortable/comfortable discussing EC with the pharmacist. Significantly more women said they would be willing to accept a chlamydia test from a rural, regional and remote WA pharmacy than from a Perth metropolitan pharmacy (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Pharmacy-based EC consumers are at high risk of chlamydia and would be willing to accept a chlamydia test from the pharmacy. There is an urgent need to re-orientate health services in Australia so that all EC consumers, including those obtaining EC from pharmacies, have the opportunity to be tested for chlamydia.
Microbiology and immunology of fish larvae
Authors: Vadstein Olav , Bergh Øivind , Gatesoupe François‐Joel , Galindo‐Villegas Jorge , Mulero Victoriano , Picchietti Simona , Scapigliati Giuseppe , Makridis Pavlos , Olsen Yngvar , Dierckens Kristof , Defoirdt Tom , Boon Nico , De Schryver Peter , Bossier Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor most marine aquaculture species, one of the main bottlenecks is the stable production of high quality juveniles. The high and unpredictable mortality in the first weeks after hatching of marine fish larvae remains a challenging problem that needs to be solved. The severity of the problem differs between species, but cannot be considered adequately solved for any species. Both scientific evidence and experience in hatcheries for a variety of fish, shrimp and shellfish species are accumulating as support for the hypothesis that detrimental fish–microbe interactions are the cause of these problems. Host–microbe interactions in reared fish are still poorly understood, except for a few pathogens, and empirical data of the quality required to test this hypothesis, are lacking. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of the microbial environment of fish larvae, including methodological aspects to characterize the microbial community (both using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent methods). Further, the current knowledge of the immunology of fish larvae is reviewed, including recent advances in the understanding of toll‐like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, mast cells and piscidins, and the ontogeny of the adaptive immune system. Finally, we provide an overview of the state of the art with respect to steering of microbial communities associated with fish larvae – both steering of community composition and of its activity (e.g. by quorum sensing interference).
Overexpression of sema3a in myocardial infarction border zone decreases vulnerability of ventricular tachycardia post‐myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Chen Ren‐Hua , Li Yi‐Gang , Jiao Kun‐Li , Zhang Peng‐Pai , Sun Yu , Zhang Li‐Ping , Fong Xiang‐Fei , Li Wei , Yu Yi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe expression of the chemorepellent Sema3a is inversely related to sympathetic innervation. We investigated whether overexpression of Sema3a in the myocardial infarction (MI) border zone could attenuate sympathetic hyper‐innervation and decrease the vulnerability to malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) in rats. Survived MI rats were randomized to phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 12); mock lentivirus (MLV, n = 13) and lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of Sema3a (SLV, n = 13) groups. Sham‐operated rats served as control group (CON, n = 20). Cardiac function and electrophysiological study (PES) were performed at 1 week later. Blood and tissue samples were collected for histological analysis, epinephrine (EPI), growth‐associated factor 43 (GAP43) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) measurements. QTc intervals were significantly shorter in SLV group than in PBS and MLV groups (168.6 ± 7.8 vs. 178.1 ± 9.5 and 180.9 ± 8.2 ms, all P < 0.01). Inducibility of VT by PES was significantly lower in the SLV group [30.8% (4/13)] than in PBS [66.7% (8/12)] and MLV [61.5% (8/13)] groups (P < 0.05). mRNA and protein expressions of Sema3a were significantly higher and the protein expression of GAP43 and TH was significantly lower at 7 days after transduction in SLV group compared with PBS, MLV and CON groups. Myocardial EPI in the border zone was also significantly lower in SLV group than in PBS and MLV group (8.73 ± 1.30 vs. 11.94 ± 1.71 and 12.24 ± 1.54 μg/g protein, P < 0.001). Overexpression of Sema3a in MI border zone could reduce the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by reducing sympathetic hyper‐reinnervation after infarction.
Efficacy and safety of teneligliptin in combination with pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kadowaki Takashi , Kondo Kazuoki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo confirm the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin in combination with pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with pioglitazone monotherapy.Materials and MethodsIn an initial 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo controlled, parallel‐group study, patients (n = 204) were randomized to teneligliptin 20 mg or placebo once daily added to their stable pioglitazone therapy. This was followed by a 40‐week, open‐label period during which all patients received teneligliptin once daily. The primary end‐point was the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to week 12.ResultsPatients in the teneligliptin group showed significantly greater reductions in HbA1c compared with the placebo group at week 12 (P < 0.001). The changes in HbA1c from baseline to week 12 were −0.9 ± 0.0% (least‐squares mean ± standard error) in the teneligliptin group and −0.2 ± 0.0% in the placebo group. The change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to week 12 was greater in the teneligliptin group than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The blood glucose lowering effects of teneligliptin were sustained throughout the 40‐week open‐label period. Adverse events and adverse drug reactions occurred slightly more frequently in the teneligliptin group than in the placebo group, although the incidence of hypoglycemia was low. Bodyweight was unchanged in the double‐blind period, but was slightly increased in the open‐label period.ConclusionsAdd‐on therapy with teneligliptin was effective and generally well tolerated throughout the study period in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with pioglitazone monotherapy. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT01026194).
Risk factors associated with PICC‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis in cancer patients
Authors: Yi Xiao‐lei , Chen Jie , Li Jia , Feng Liang , Wang Yan , Zhu Jia‐An , Shen E , Hu Bing 
Published: May 2013

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the incidence and risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis in patients with cancer.BackgroundWith the widespread use of peripherally inserted central venous catheters, peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis in patients with cancer leads to increasing morbidity and mortality. It is very important to further explore the incidence and risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related venous thrombosis.Design and methodsConsecutive patients with cancer who were scheduled to receive peripherally inserted central venous catheters, between September 2009 and May 2012, were prospectively studied in our centre. They were investigated for venous thrombosis by Doppler sonography three times a day within 30 days after catheter insertion. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions' analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related thrombosis.ResultsA total of 89 patients with cancer were studied in our research. Of these, 81 patients were followed up within one month. The mean interval between catheter insertion and the onset of thrombosis was 12·45 ± 6·17 days. The multivariable analyses showed that chemotherapy history, less activities and diabetes were the key risk factors for thrombosis.ConclusionsPeripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis had high incidence rate, and most cases had no significant symptoms. The history of chemotherapy, less activities and diabetes were found to be the key risk factors. It should be routinely scanned in high‐risk patients every 3–5 days after catheter insertion, which would then find blood clots in time and reduce the incidence of pulmonary embolism.Relevance to clinical practiceRisk factors associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis are of critical importance in improving the quality of patients' life. It is very important to grasp the indications to reduce the incidence rate of peripherally inserted central venous catheters‐related upper extremity venous thrombosis.
Enteroviral myocarditis in neonates
Authors: Schlapbach Luregn J , Ersch Joerg , Balmer Christian , Prêtre René , Tomaske Maren , Caduff Rosmarie , Morwood Jim , Provenzano Sylvio , Stocker Christian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEnteroviruses are a leading cause of viral infections in children. While most enteroviral infections are mild and self‐limiting, severe disease such as a viral sepsis syndrome, myocarditis, hepatitis and meningoencephalitis may occur. We present two cases of neonatal enteroviral myocarditis. Cardiorespiratory failure occurred in both cases, and severe shock refractory to conventional treatment required support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). One child with coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis failed to recover and died after 3 weeks on ECMO, while one child could be decannulated successfully after 9 days of ECMO and recovered completely subsequently. In conclusion, neonatal myocarditis has a very high mortality, and ECMO should be considered early in neonates with rapid clinical and echocardiographic deterioration despite adequate inotropic support.