bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Rhodoleia (Hamamelidaceae) from the Upper Pliocene of West Yunnan, China and Comments on Phytogeography and Insect Herbivory
Authors: Jingyu WU , Zhenrui ZHAO , Qijia LI , Yusheng (Christopher) LIU , Sanping XIE , Suting DING , Bainian SUN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn Europe, fossil fruits and seeds of Rhodoleia (Hamamelidaceae) have been described from the Upper Cretaceous to the Miocene, whereas no fossil record of Rhodoleia has been reported in Asia, where the modern species occur. Herein, 21 fossil leaves identified as Rhodoleia tengchongensis sp. nov. are described from the Upper Pliocene of Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The fossils exhibit elliptic lamina with entire margins, simple brochidodromous major secondary veins, mixed percurrent intercostal tertiary veins, and looped exterior tertiaries. The leaf cuticle is characterized by pentagonal or hexagonal cells, stellate multicellular trichomes, and paracytic stomata. The combination of leaf architecture and cuticular characteristics suggests that the fossil leaves should be classified into the genus Rhodoleia. The fossil distributions indicate that the genus Rhodoleia might originate from Central Europe, and that migrated to Asia prior to the Late Pliocene. Additionally, insect damage is investigated, and different types of damage, such as hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, and galling, are observed on the thirteen fossil leaves. Based on the damage frequencies for the fossil and extant leaves, the specific feeding behavior of insects on Rhodoleia trees appears to have been established as early as the Late Pliocene. The high occurrence of Rhodoleia insect herbivory may attract the insect‐foraging birds, thereby increasing the probability of pollination.
New Small Shelly Fossils (AcanthocassisandXinlispinaGen. Nov.) from the Fortunian Stage (Early Cambrian) in Southern China
Authors: Tiequan SHAO , Yunhuan LIU , Qi WANG , Huaqiao ZHANG , Hanhua TANG , Xi CAO , Huahua HE , Yanan ZHANG , Yuan LI , Panlin ZHENG , Chengyu ZHU , Jiaxi HU 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe describe new material of three‐dimensionally phosphatized small shelly fossilsAcanthocassisandXinlispinagen. nov. from the Fortunian Stage (early Cambrian) of southern Shaanxi and northern Sichuan Provinces. The new materials allow description of the delicate morphology of these skeletons, and also their skeletogenesis.AcanthocassisandXinlispinahave comparable morphological features: a main branch and radially arranged sub‐branches. They differ from each other in many details, e.g., the presence of a single central branch only inXinlispina, and the presence of small nodes only inAcanthocassis. Acanthocassiscannot be a naked anthopolyp or hydropolyp because of the more‐or‐less stiffened cuticle and the absence of a mouth.AcanthocassisandXinlispinadiffer from coeval sponge spicules and chancelloriid sclerites and rosettes of crossed pedicellariae of echinoderms, and might be cuticular ornaments of animals of unclear affinities. They occur in the first small shelly fossil assemblage zone, and could be adopted as auxiliary fossils for biostratigraphic correlation in southern China.
Late Cretaceous Transpressional Fault System: A Case Study of the Yishu Fault Belt, Shandong Province, Eastern China
Authors: Chunlin LI , Zongxiu WANG , Qingzi WU , Yongqing LIU , Wanli GAO , Yuanlong TAN , Hongwei KUANG , Huijun LI 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOn the basis of field observations of the structures of three profiles from the Linshu region, deformation characteristics and the tectonic background of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic have been discussed in detail. Three structural profiles, whose deformations consist mainly of earlier transpressional faults and later normal faults, were developed for the Mengtuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group. Typical positive flower structures, duplex structures, and break‐through faults were found in these profiles. On the basis of analyses of the structural deformation and previous geochronological studies, it was concluded that the earlier transpressional faults of the profiles were triggered by the sinistral transpression of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene, and that the later normal faults, formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene extension, truncated the earlier transpressional faults. With consideration of the tectonic evolution of the Tan‐Lu fault belt and the different drift directions of the Pacific plate since the Cretaceous, we suggest that the major tectonic events of the Late Cretaceous–Neogene in eastern China were mainly controlled by the subduction of the Pacific plate.
Diagenesis and Diagenetic Evolution of Deltaic and Neritic Gas‐Bearing Sandstones in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Implications for Depositional Environments and Sequence Stratigraphy Controls
Authors: Fa XU , Penghui ZHANG , Jinliang ZHANG , Jinshui LIU , Guowei HOU , Ming ZHANG , Jingzhe LI , Shasha LIU , Jiaqi GUO , Ningning MENG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGas‐bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract (HST) and transgressive systems tract (TST), and deltaic sandstones of the lowstand systems tract (LST) and falling stage systems tract (FSST). Detailed petrographic observations suggest that the diagenetic features and related evolution of these deposits cannot be simply characterized and demonstrated in the depth domain. However, the occurrence of diagenetic minerals systematically depends on the studied interval within the HST, TST, LST, and FSST; therefore, diagenesis in this region can be better constrained when studied in the context of the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphic framework. The eogenetic processes in such settings include: (1) microcrystalline siderite precipitated as concretions in almost all environments and systems tracts, which inhibited further mechanical compaction; (2) grain dissolution and kaolinitization occurred in shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST and FSST sandstones; (3) glaucony was locally observed, which did not clearly reflect the controls of facies or sequence stratigraphy; and (4) cementation by pyrite aggregates occurred in the shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST sandstones. The mesogenetic diagenesis includes: (1) partial conversion of kaolinite into dickite in deltaic LST sandstones, and minor chlorite cementation in deltaic FSST sandstones; (2) transformation of kaolinite into illite and quartz cementation in deltaic LST and FSST sandstones; (3) frequent precipitation of ankerite and ferroan calcite in shoreface TST sandstones and early HST sandstones, forming baffles and barriers for fluid flow, with common calcite in shoreface HST sandstones as a late diagenetic cement; and (4) formation of dawsonite in the deltaic LST and FSST sandstones, which is interpreted to be a product of the invasion of a CO2‐rich fluid, and acts as a good indicator of CO2‐bearing reservoirs. This study has thus constructed a reliable conceptual model to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations. The results may provide an entirely new conceptual framework and methodology for successful gas exploration in the continental margins of offshore China, thus allowing us to predict and unravel the distribution and quality evolution of clastic reservoirs at a more detailed and reliable scale.
Crustal Motion Characteristics in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Regions after the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Wenqing TANG , Qingzhi ZHANG , Zhongxi PAN , Jun LI , Cheng YANG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Wenchuan earthquake has altered the crustal motion characteristics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. Using discontinuous GPS survey data for 2008–2012, the velocity field for the Eurasia reference framework has been obtained, and the general trend of contemporary crustal motion after the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake has been studied. In addition, using the velocity field, the block movement velocity has been estimated by least‐squares fitting. Furthermore, the properties and displacement rates of main faults have been obtained from the differences in velocity vectors of the blocks on both sides of the faults. The results reveal that there are no obvious changes in the general characteristics of crustal motion in this area after the Wenchuan earthquake. The earthquake mainly changed the rate of the movement of the Chuan‐Qing block and caused variation in the movement direction of the South China block. The effect of the earthquake on faults is mainly reflected in variations in fault displacement velocity; there is no fundamental change in the properties of fault activity. The displacement rates of the Xianshuihe fault decreased by 3–4 mm/a, the Longmenshan fault increased by 9–10 mm/a, and the northern segment of the Anninghe fault increased by approximately 9 mm/a. Furthermore, the displacement rates of the Minjiang, Xueshan, Huya, Longquanshan, and Xinjin faults increased by 2–3 mm/a. This implies that the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on crustal movement can mainly be observed in the Chuan‐Qing, South China, and N‐Chuan‐Dian blocks and their internal faults, as well as the Xianshuihe and Longmenshan faults and the northern section of the Anninghe fault. The reason for this is that the Wenchuan earthquake disturbed the kinematic and dynamic balance in the region.
The measurement of selection when detection is imperfect: How good are naïve methods?
Authors: Waller John , Svensson Erik I. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The life spans of animals can be measured in natural populations by uniquely marking individuals and then releasing them into the field. Selection on survival (a component of fitness) can subsequently be quantified by regressing the life spans of these marked individuals on their trait values. However, marked individuals are not always seen on every subsequent catching occasion, and for this reason, imperfect detection is considered a problem when estimating survival selection in natural populations.

Capture–mark–recapture methods have been advocated as a powerful means to correct for imperfect detection. Here, we use simulated and field data sets to evaluate the effect of assuming perfect detection (‘naïve methods’), when detection is really imperfect. We compared the performance of the naïve methods with methods correcting for imperfect detection (mark–recapture methods, or MR).

Although the effects of trait‐dependent recapture probability are mitigated when recapture probability is high, mark–recapture methods still provide the safest choice when recapture probability might be trait‐dependent. In our simulations, mark–recapture methods had a power advantage over naïve methods, but all methods lost statistical power at low recapture probabilities.

The main advantage of mark–recapture methods over naïve methods is the ability to control for hidden trait‐dependent recapture probability, as it is often hard to tell a priori if trait dependence is an issue in a particular study. However, when trait‐dependent recapture probability is weak, naïve methods and mark–recapture methods perform similarly as long as recapture rates do not become too low, and the main problem of survival selection studies is still low statistical power. We provide a R package (EasyMARK) alongside with this paper to facilitate future integration between MR methods and classical selection studies. EasyMARK provides the opportunity to convert the regression coefficients from MR‐approaches in to classical standardized selection gradients.
Problem drug use prevalence estimation revisited: heterogeneity in capture–recapture and the role of external evidence
Authors: Jones Hayley E. , Welton Nicky J. , Ades A. E. , Pierce Matthias , Davies Wyn , Coleman Barbara , Millar Tim , Hickman Matthew 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsCapture–recapture (CRC) analysis is recommended for estimating the prevalence of problem drug use or people who inject drugs (PWID). We aim to demonstrate how naive application of CRC can lead to highly misleading results, and to suggest how the problems might be overcome.MethodsWe present a case study of estimating the prevalence of PWID in Bristol, UK, applying CRC to lists in contact with three services. We assess: (i) sensitivity of results to different versions of the dominant (treatment) list: specifically, to inclusion of non‐incident cases and of those who were referred directly from one of the other services; (ii) the impact of accounting for a novel covariate, housing instability; and (iii) consistency of CRC estimates with drug‐related mortality data. We then incorporate formally the drug‐related mortality data and lower bounds for prevalence alongside the CRC into a single coherent model.ResultsFive of 11 models fitted the full data equally well but generated widely varying prevalence estimates, from 2740 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2670, 2840] to 6890 (95% CI = 3740, 17680). Results were highly sensitive to inclusion of non‐incident cases, demonstrating the presence of considerable heterogeneity, and were sensitive to a lesser extent to inclusion of direct referrals. A reduced data set including only incident cases and excluding referrals could be fitted by simpler models, and led to much greater consistency in estimates. Accounting for housing stability improved model fit considerably more than did the standard covariates of age and gender. External data provided validation of results and aided model selection, generating a final estimate of the number of PWID in Bristol in 2011 of 2770 [95% credible interval (Cr‐I) = 2570, 3110] or 0.9% (95% Cr‐I = 0.9, 1.0%) of the population aged 15–64 years.ConclusionsSteps can be taken to reduce bias in capture–recapture analysis, including: careful consideration of data sources, reduction of lists to less heterogeneous subsamples, use of covariates and formal incorporation of external data.
818. WISTERIA FLORIBUNDA WITH THE TORTUOUS TALE OF THE JAPANESE WISTERIA WITH THE LONGEST RACEMES
Authors: Compton James A. , Thijsse Gerard 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe history of the Japanese Wisteria with the longest racemes is fully investigated, with a review of all the names applied to it. The name W. macrobotrys is shown to belong to a different cultivar group now widely grown under the names ‘Burford’, ‘Honko’ and ‘Hocker Edge’. The new combination W. floribunda f. multijuga (Van Houtte) J. Compton & G. Thijsse is made in order to establish long‐term nomenclatural stability. A lectotype is designated for the hybrid name W. × formosa Rehder.
Quantification and regulation of the adipokines resistin and progranulin in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Berghoff Martin , Hochberg Alexandra , Schmid Andreas , Schlegel Jutta , Karrasch Thomas , Kaps Manfred , Schäffler Andreas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdipokines bearing the potential to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are promising candidates for the endocrine regulation of central nervous processes and of a postulated fat‐brain axis. Resistin and progranulin concentrations in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients undergoing neurological evaluation and spinal puncture were investigated.Materials and MethodsSamples of n = 270 consecutive patients with various neurological diseases were collected without prior selection. Adipokine serum and CSF concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and serum and CSF routine parameters by standard procedures. Anthropometric data, medication and patient history were available.ResultsSerum levels of resistin and progranulin were positively correlated among each other, with respective CSF levels, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and markers of systemic inflammation. CSF resistin concentrations were generally low. Progranulin CSF concentrations and CSF/serum progranulin ratio were significantly higher in patients with infectious diseases, with disturbed BBB function and with elevated CSF cell count and presence of oligoclonal bands. Both adipokines are able to cross the BBB depending on a differing patency that increases with increasing grade of barrier dysfunction. Whereas resistin represents a systemic marker of inflammation, CSF progranulin levels strongly depend on the underlying disease and dysfunction of blood–CSF barrier.ConclusionsResistin and progranulin represent novel and putative regulators of the fat‐brain axis by their ability to cross the BBB under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The presented data provide insight into the characteristics of BBB function regarding progranulin and resistin and the basis for future establishment of normal values for CSF concentrations and CSF/serum ratios.
An improved method for qPCR detection of three Phytophthora spp. in forest and woodland soils in northern Britain
Authors: Elliot M. , Schlenzig A. , Harris C. M. , Meagher T. R. , Green S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUsing TaqMan qPCR assays, DNA of P. ramorum, P. kernoviae and P. austrocedri was detected in 500 g soil samples collected from twelve infected forest and woodland sites in northern Britain. Phytophthora DNA was also amplified in soil adhering to boots after walking transects along footpaths or animal trails. At two sites, Phytophthora DNA was detected in soil over a 4‐year period following removal of infected hosts. This new method enabling assessment of larger quantities of soil demonstrates the contamination risk of these pathogens in soil at infected sites and improves our understanding of the mechanisms of persistence and spread.
Apple stem grooving virusnaturally infects Himalayan wild cherry (PrunuscerasoidesD. Don)
Authors: Bhardwaj P. , Ram R. , Zaidi A. A. , Hallan V. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryHimalayan wild cherry (Prunus cerasoides), widely distributed in the Himalayas, was found to exhibit severe virus‐like symptoms (chlorotic spots, chlorosis along the margins of the leaf and necrotic spots). Of 47 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples tested throughDAS‐ELISA, dot‐blot hybridization andRT‐PCR, only three were found to be positive forApple stem grooving virus(ASGV) infection. The complete coat protein gene from all the three positive samples was molecularly characterized and sequencing of the amplicons confirmed presence of the virus. The three characterized isolates of Himalayan wild cherry (HWC‐15,HWC‐16 andHWC‐47) grouped with theASGVapple isolates from India, Brazil and China. Of the three, two isolates (HWC‐15 andHWC‐47) shared around 100% sequence identity among themselves while 96.2% with the third isolate (HWC‐16) (both at nucleotide and amino acid level), respectively. While they all shared an overall identity of around 92.8–99% at (aa) and 86.5–99.5% at (nt) with rest of the isolates from different hosts and geographical locations. Experimental host range of the variantHWC‐16 isolate identifiedC. amaranticolor, C. sativus, C. quinoa, P. vulgaris, N. benthamiana and N. glutinosaas positives for theASGVisolate‐inducing epinasty, symptomless carrier, chlorotic spots, interveinal chlorosis, chlorotic spots and chlorotic patch. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report of natural infection ofASGVon Himalayan wild cherry.
Students as Producers: An ‘X’ Disciplinary Client‐Based Approach to Collaborative Art, Design and Media Pedagogy
Authors: Cocchiarella Fabrizio , Booth Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a cross‐disciplinary project between BA (Hons) Interior Design, Creative Multimedia and Film and Media Studies at a large Metropolitan University in the North of England. The collaboration was part of Unit X, a faculty‐wide credit‐bearing initiative to enable better collaboration across art and design courses.The project explored cross‐disciplinary approaches to problem‐solving and generating designed outputs using a ‘vertical studio’ model. The outcomes for the students were to create a number of media/arts/design‐based interventions, responding to real clients (festival organisers, local bar and café owners) and real client briefs. The constructivist approach to pedagogy allowed students the opportunity to develop their practice skills within communities of practice to help explore, develop, support and form their creative identities. The aim was to facilitate a supported environment to allow knowledge creation to take place through group tasks, reflection and the challenges of working and negotiating roles as professionals.
Investigating the Experiential Impact of Sensory Affect in Contemporary Communication Design Studio Education
Authors: Marshalsey Lorraine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe studio is the primary site for learning in specialist Communication Design education worldwide. Differing higher education institutions, including art schools and university campuses, have developed a varied range of studio environments. These diverse learning spaces inherently create a complex fabric of affects. In addition, Communication Design studio education produces learning processes and methods of practice which provide affective sensory experiences for the students. Students may be sensitive to these sensory affects, yet the impact of these experiences may go unnoticed or unequivocally tolerated in the studio environment. This article examines the experiential impact of sensory affect occurring in contemporary Communication Design studio education: investigating the learning processes, within a specialist practice‐led discipline in the context of a studio environment. A preliminary study generated the question: ‘How might Communication Design learning address and exploit the sensory experiences occurring in studio education?’. Therefore this article contextualises how students might benefit from being aware of the affective experiences occurring inside studio education in future research studies. This research is grounded in collaborative practice with students in the field of Communication Design.
A systematic review of health service interventions to reduce use of unplanned health care in rural areas
Authors: Brainard Julii Suzanne , Ford John A. , Steel Nicholas , Jones Andy P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesUse of unplanned health care has long been increasing, and not enough is known about which interventions may reduce use. We aimed to review the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the use of unplanned health care by rural populations.MethodsThe method used was systematic review. Scientific databases (Medline, Embase and Central), grey literature and selected references were searched. Study quality and bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias and modified Newcastle Ottawa Scales. Results were summarized narratively.ResultsA total of 2708 scientific articles, reports and other documents were found. After screening, 33 studies met the eligibility criteria, of which eight were randomized controlled trials, 13 were observational studies of unplanned care use before and after new practices were implemented and 12 compared intervention patients with non‐randomized control patients. Eight of the 33 studies reported modest statistically significant reductions in unplanned emergency care use while two reported statistically significant increases in unplanned care. Reductions were associated with preventative medicine, telemedicine and targeting chronic illnesses. Cost savings were also reported for some interventions.ConclusionRelatively few studies report on unscheduled medical care by specifically rural populations, and interventions were associated with modest reductions in unplanned care use. Future research should evaluate interventions more robustly and more clearly report the results.