bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to weight‐related health behaviours: a qualitative comparison of the socioecological conditions between pregnant and post‐partum low‐income women
Authors: Graham Meredith , Uesugi Keriann , Olson Christine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe association between socioecological factors and poor health outcomes for low‐income women and their children has been the focus of disparities research for several decades. This research compares the socioecological conditions among low‐income women from pregnancy to post‐partum and highlights the factors that make weight management increasingly difficult after delivery. As part of the formative research for an online health intervention, group and individual interviews were conducted with low‐income pregnant and post‐partum women. Five pregnancy group interviews (n = 15 women), five post‐partum group interviews (n = 23 women) and seven individual interviews with a total of 45 participants were conducted in Rochester, New York. All interviews were audio‐recorded. The constant comparative method was used to code interview notes and identify emergent themes. Subjects faced many challenges that affected their attitudes, beliefs and their ability to maintain or improve healthy weight behaviours. These included unemployment, relationship issues, minimal social support, lack of education, limited health care access, pre‐existing medical conditions and neighbourhood disadvantage. Compared with pregnant women, post‐partum women faced additional difficulties, such as child illnesses and custody issues. The most striking differences between pregnancy and post‐partum related to the family's medical problems and greater environmental constraints. Many factors detracted from women's capacity to engage in healthy weight behaviours post‐partum, including challenges present prior to delivery, challenges present prior to delivery that worsen after delivery, and new challenges that begin after delivery. These additional post‐partum challenges need to be considered in designing programmes, policies and interventions that promote healthy weight.
Off‐Tonic Culmination in Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
Authors: Johnston Blair 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article considers the implications that Sergei Rachmaninoff's concept of the ‘culminating point’ has for the analysis of his music, using the off‐tonic climax in his Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op. 43, as exemplar and case study. In the first part of the essay I position Rachmaninoff's idea in relation to Schoenberg's and Schenker's contemporaneous views of musical coherence and goal orientation, and in relation to recent hermeneutic approaches to music from Rachmaninoff's era (especially those derived from Hepokoski's work), showing how Rachmaninoff's idea, although it shares a nineteenth‐century heritage with those theorists' ideas, has its own analytical and hermeneutic entailments. In the second part of the essay, drawing on metaphors used by Rachmaninoff and on theoretical work by Candace Brower, I outline a model for understanding a culminating point as a moment where contextually determined rhetorical‐structural features map in striking, potentially ‘extraordinary’ ways onto physically oriented ‘image schemas’. I demonstrate the model in brief analyses of four Rachmaninoff works and then treat the Rhapsody at length, showing how image schemas involved at the culminating point interact with the work's generic‐ formal features and large‐scale tonal plan.
New wind in the sails: improving the agronomic value of crop plants through RNAi‐mediated gene silencing
Authors: Koch Aline , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2014

SummaryRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful genetic tool for scientific research over the past several years. It has been utilized not only in fundamental research for the assessment of gene function, but also in various fields of applied research, such as human and veterinary medicine and agriculture. In plants, RNAi strategies have the potential to allow manipulation of various aspects of food quality and nutritional content. In addition, the demonstration that agricultural pests, such as insects and nematodes, can be killed by exogenously supplied RNAi targeting their essential genes has raised the possibility that plant predation can be controlled by lethal RNAi signals generated in planta. Indeed, recent evidence argues that this strategy, called host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS), is effective against sucking insects and nematodes; it also has been shown to compromise the growth and development of pathogenic fungi, as well as bacteria and viruses, on their plant hosts. Here, we review recent studies that reveal the enormous potential RNAi strategies hold not only for improving the nutritive value and safety of the food supply, but also for providing an environmentally friendly mechanism for plant protection.
Seedling Ecology and Restoration of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) in the Mojave Desert, United States
Authors: Jones Lisa C. , Schwinning Susanne , Esque Todd C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIncreases in fire frequency are disrupting many ecological communities not historically subjected to fire. In the southwestern United States, the blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) community is among the most threatened, often replaced by invasive annual grasses after fire. This long‐lived shrub is vulnerable because it recruits sporadically, partially due to mast seeding and the absence of a seed bank. The goal of this study was to evaluate if shrub restoration can be enhanced by identifying and ameliorating recruitment limitations. Specifically, we tested the effect of encapsulating seeds in predation‐deterring “seed balls.” We also tested the effects of nurse plants and mammalian exclusion cages on seedling emergence, growth, and survivorship. These experiments were conducted in a full‐factorial design across three sites differing in elevation. Over 2 years, 13% of all planted seeds emerged and the effect of seed balls was overwhelmingly negative because of low emergence. Nurse plants had overall positive effects at Low Elevation, but negative effects at Mid‐ and High Elevation. Emergence and survival were highest in caged plots everywhere, and effect sizes increased with elevation. Interactions between the cage and the nurse plant treatments indicated that nurse plants tended to attract mammalian predators, lowering emergence and seedling survivorship, particularly at higher elevations. Findings conform to the stress‐gradient hypothesis in that interactions among seedlings and mature plants shifted from facilitation to competition as environmental stress decreased with increasing elevation, suggesting that they are transferable to ecologically similar communities elsewhere. Knowledge of site‐specific recruitment limitations can help minimize ineffective restoration efforts.
An Effective Method for Collecting and Storing Seeds from Zostera marina (Eelgrass) in the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Pan Jinhua , Jiang Xin , Li Xiaojie , Han Houwei , Zhang Zhuangzhi , Li Zhiling , Yu Shenhui , Song Shaofeng , Wu Ruina , Jiang Yongxin , Zhao Nan , Yang Guanpin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe coast of the Yellow Sea in China, like many other temperate coastal zones, has been experiencing a dramatic decline in the abundance of seagrass. Intensive efforts have been made to restore seagrass communities along the coast to restore the function of the coastal ecosystem. Transplanting adult Zostera marina shoots is labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, expensive, and detrimental to donor beds; thus, restoring seagrass communities through the use of seeds is highly valued in current, large‐scale restoration trials. In this study, an effective method for collecting, processing, and storing Z. marina seeds was developed. From 2009 to 2013, respectively, 122,000, 421,000, 364,000, 1,041,000, and 1,091,000 seeds were successfully collected. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the interaction between salinity and temperature significantly affected the cumulative germination rate (CGR) (p < 0.01) during the storage period and the viability (p < 0.01) of seeds after storage. The germination rate after storage was significantly affected by salinity and temperature (p < 0.01). The highest viability (89.8 ± 1.0%) and germination rate (75.6 ± 4.5%) were found among seeds stored at 4°C and a salinity of 44.5 psu for 7 months. The cost for planting 1 ha of sea bottom with Z. marina seeds ranged from $2,613 to $80,900 depending on the seeding density and seed loss during storage. The average cost per Z. marina seed in this study was $0.00586.
Dental care and oral health in Aagenaes syndrome/lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1
Authors: Bågesund Mats , Shafiee Zahra , Drivdal Monica , Berdén Jan , Storhaug Kari 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAagenaes syndrome/lymphedema cholestasis syndrome 1 (LCS1) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neonatal cholestasis and lymphedema. The aim was to assess dental care and oral health in adults with LCS1. Fifteen (9M, 6F) individuals diagnosed with LCS1, aged 19–59 years participated. The study evaluated salivary secretion rate, dental radiographs, intraoral photos and included a questionnaire. Eight (53%) had regular dental checkups. Three had received subsidized dental care. Seven (47%) had two or more subjective symptoms of xerostomia. Three (20%) had a decreased stimulated salivary secretion rate below 0.7 mL/minute. Seven (47%) had dentin caries. Marginal periodontitis was found in all six patients above 35 years of age, but not before that age. Thirteen (87%) had tooth discoloration, which was extensive in three (20%).Conclusion. Several patients with LCS1 have problems with periodontitis and tooth discoloration. Frequent dental checkups are therefore recommended.
LetCausatives and (A)symmetricdat‐nomConstructions
Authors: Wood Jim , Sigurðsson Halldór Ármann 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe verbláta‘let/make’ in Icelandic provides a unique opportunity to understand the behavior of symmetric versus asymmetricdat‐nomconstructions, as well as the nature of nominative‐accusative case alternations. In this paper, we take a close look atlátaand examine a set of cases wheredat‐nomverbs are embedded underláta, resulting in the otherwise nominative object becoming accusative in some cases and remaining nominative in others. We propose that phase extension of an Appl head underlies both the availability of accusative in an embeddeddat‐nomverb and the possibility of A‐moving a nominative object past the dative to the subject position. We further hypothesize that the base‐generated position of the verbal root in the syntax underlies the lexical difference between symmetric and asymmetricdat‐nomverbs.
Development and characterization of an equine skin‐equivalent model
Authors: Cerrato Santiago , Ramió‐Lluch Laura , Brazís Pilar , Rabanal Rosa Maria , Fondevila Dolors , Puigdemont Anna 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in the biological and pathological study of equine skin owing to the high prevalence of cutaneous diseases in horses. However, knowledge of equine skin cell biology and cultures is limited by the low number ofin vitrostudies in the literature.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to develop and characterize anin vitroequine skin equivalent.MethodsCultures of pure equine keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were obtained by enzymatic digestion of skin biopsies. Fibroblasts were embedded into type I collagen matrices to obtain dermal scaffolds, the surface of which was seeded with keratinocytes. The three‐dimensional cultures were exposed to the air–liquid interface to enable epidermal stratification.ResultsAfter 14 days in air‐exposed conditions, histological analysis showed that keratinocytes underwent differentiation into a multilayered epidermis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the expression of epidermal cytokeratin in keratinocytes, whereas vimentin was expressed in dermal fibroblasts, as expected in equine skin. Immunostaining of Ki67 showed proliferative keratinocytes in the stratum basale. A continuous basement membrane at the dermo‐epidermal junction was also detected immunohistochemically through the expression of its major components (typeIVcollagen and laminin 5). Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy showed desmosomes located among keratinocytes in all layers and hemidesmosomes among the basal keratinocytes and lamina densa.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study reports, for the first time, the development of anin vitroequine skin‐equivalent model that resembles equine skin morphologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally.
Internet‐based survey on current practice for evaluation, prevention, and treatment of scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids
Authors: Lumenta David B. , Siepmann Eva , Kamolz Lars‐Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNo universally accepted standard for evaluation, prevention, and treatment of scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids exists. Following development of a questionnaire, we performed a closed Web‐based survey among burn centers. Server‐based data collection was performed over 4 weeks and closed thereafter.The poll revealed emerging new treatment schemes, but the majority of participants adhered to evaluation (Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, Matching Assessment of Scars and Photographs, Vancouver Scar Scale, two‐dimensional photography) and prevention (silicone gel sheets and compression garments) strategies that were in line with the currently available recommendations from the literature. We noted a low penetration for the use of objective evaluation tools in our poll and detected differences in surgical approaches to keloids.Based on the results of our survey and the power of currently available clinical recommendations, we expect future guidelines to gain more evidence‐based power, especially when more high‐quality clinical trials with objective evaluation support, clearly defined disease entities, and therapeutic outcome factors have become available.
The effect of ankle range of motion on venous ulcer healing rates
Authors: Yim Elizabeth , Richmond Nicholas A. , Baquerizo Katherine , Van Driessche Freya , Slade Herbert B. , Pieper Barbara , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLimitation of ankle movement may contribute to calf muscle pump failure, which is thought to contribute to venous leg ulcer formation, which affects nearly 1 million Americans. We therefore wished to study ankle movement in patients with venous leg ulcers and its effect on healing. Using goniometry, we measured baseline ankle range of motion in venous leg ulcer patients from a Phase 2 dose‐finding study of an allogeneic living cell bioformulation. Two hundred twenty‐seven patients were enrolled in four active treatment groups and one standard‐care control group, all receiving compression therapy. Goniometry data from a control group of 49 patients without venous disease, from a previous study, was used for comparison. We found patients with active venous leg ulcers had significantly reduced ankle range of motion compared with the control group (p = 0.001). After 12 weeks of therapy, baseline ankle range of motion was not associated with healing, as there was no significant difference between healed and nonhealed groups, suggesting that ankle range of motion is not important in venous leg ulcer healing or, more likely, is overcome by compression. However, patients with venous ulcers located on the leg (as opposed to the ankle) had significantly higher ankle range of motion for plantar flexion and inversion (p = 0.021 and p = 0.034, respectively) and improved healing with both cell bioformulation and standard care (p = 0.011), suggesting that wound location is an important variable for ankle range of motion as well as for healing outcomes.
Efficacy of intralesional recombinant human epidermal growth factor in diabetic foot ulcers in Mexican patients: A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial
Authors: Gomez‐Villa Ramiro , Aguilar‐Rebolledo Francisco , Lozano‐Platonoff Adriana , Teran‐Soto Juan Miguel , Fabian‐Victoriano Maria Rosy , Kresch‐Tronik Nicole Stephanie , Garrido‐Espíndola Ximena , Garcia‐Solis Adriana , Bondani‐Guasti Augusto , Bierzwinsky‐Sneider Guillermo , Contreras‐Ruiz José 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe healing process in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is hindered by factors such as chronic inflammation, defects in fibroblast function, poor angiogenesis, and lack of cell migration. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) has been shown to enhance extracellular matrix formation, cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, intralesional application of rhEGF in DFU could accelerate wound healing. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of rhEGF in patients with DFU. A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was conducted comparing a thrice‐per‐week intralesional application of rhEGF (75 μg) or placebo in patients with DFU for 8 weeks. The number of completely healed ulcers, size, and wound bed characteristics were evaluated to determine the efficacy of rhEGF. Adverse events were recorded and analyzed to establish its safety. A total of 34 patients were recruited for the study. After three dropouts, we were able to follow and analyze 16 patients in the placebo group and 15 patients in the rhEGF study to the end of the trial. Baseline testing showed that both groups were similar. Compared to the placebo group, more ulcers achieved complete healing in the rhEGF group (rhEGF, n = 4; placebo, n = 0; p = 0.033); ulcers in the rhEGF group decreased in area size (12.5 cm2 [rhEGF] vs. 5.2 cm2 [placebo]; p = 0.049); and more epithelial islands in the wound bed were present (28% vs. 3%; p = 0.025). Mild transitory dizziness was the only side effect that was more frequently noted in the rhEGF group. Our results showed that in patients with DFU who received standard care, intralesional rhEGF application resulted in complete healing in more patients, promoted the epithelialization of the wound bed, and significantly reduced the area of the DFU treated. Therefore, rhEGF resulted in better outcomes for patients suffering from DFU.
Costs of burn care: A systematic review
Authors: Hop M. Jenda , Polinder Suzanne , van der Vlies Cornelis H. , Middelkoop Esther , van Baar Margriet E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBurn care is traditionally considered expensive care. However, detailed information about the costs of burn care is scarce despite the increased need for this information and the enhanced focus on healthcare cost control. In this study, economic literature on burn care was systematically reviewed to examine the problem of burn‐related costs. Cost or economic evaluation studies on burn care that had been published in international peer‐reviewed journals from 1950 to 2012 were identified. The methodology of these articles was critically appraised by two reviewers, and cost results were extracted. A total of 156 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nearly all of the studies were cost studies (n = 153) with a healthcare perspective (n = 139) from high‐income countries (n = 127). Hospital charges were often used as a proxy for costs (n = 44). Three studies were cost‐effectiveness analyses. The mean total healthcare cost per burn patient in high‐income countries was $88,218 (range $704–$717,306; median $44,024). A wide variety of methodological approaches and cost prices was found. We recommend that cost studies and economic evaluations employ a standard approach to improve the quality and harmonization of economic evaluation studies, optimize comparability, and improve insight into burn care costs and efficiency.
First‐arrival traveltime sound speed inversion with a priori information
Authors: Hooi Fong Ming , Carson Paul L. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:A first‐arrival travel‐time sound speed algorithm presented by Tarantola [Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation (SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 2005)] is adapted to the medical ultrasonics setting. Through specification of a covariance matrix for the object model, the algorithm allows for natural inclusion of physical a priori information of the object. The algorithm's ability to accurately and robustly reconstruct a complex sound speed distribution is demonstrated on simulation and experimental data using a limited aperture.Methods:The algorithm is first demonstrated generally in simulation with a numerical breast phantom imaged in different geometries. As this work is motivated by the authors' limited aperture dual sided ultrasound breast imaging system, experimental data are acquired with a Verasonics system with dual, 128 element, linear L7‐4 arrays. The transducers are automatically calibrated for usage in the eikonal forward model.A priori information such as knowledge of correlated regions within the object is obtained via segmentation of B‐mode images generated from synthetic aperture imaging.Results:As one illustration of the algorithm's facility for inclusion ofa priori information, physically grounded regularization is demonstrated in simulation. The algorithm's practicality is then demonstrated through experimental realization in limited aperture cases. Reconstructions of sound speed distributions of various complexity are improved through inclusion of a priori information. The sound speed maps are generally reconstructed with accuracy within a few m/s.Conclusions:This paper demonstrates the ability to form sound speed images using two opposed commercial linear arrays to mimic ultrasound image acquisition in the compressed mammographic geometry. The ability to create reasonably good speed of sound images in the compressed mammographic geometry allows images to be readily coregistered to tomosynthesis image volumes for breast cancer detection and characterization studies.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
lactis
CNRZ327, a Dairy Bacterium with Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Authors: El Kafsi Hela , Binesse Johan , Loux Valentin , Buratti Julien , Boudebbouze Samira , Dervyn Rozenn , Hammani Amal , Maguin Emmanuelle , van de Guchte Maarten 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
lactis
CNRZ327 is a dairy bacterium with anti-inflammatory properties both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Here, we report the genome sequence of this bacterium, which appears to contain no less than 215 insertion sequence (IS) elements, an exceptionally high number regarding the small genome size of the strain.
Genome Sequences of the Oxytetracycline Production Strain Streptomyces rimosus R6-500 and Two Mutants with Chromosomal Rearrangements
Authors: Baranasic Damir , Zucko Jurica , Nair Mridul , Pain Arnab , Long Paul F. , Hranueli Daslav , Cullum John , Starcevic Antonio 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of
Streptomyces rimosus
R6-500, an industrially improved strain which produces high titers of the important antibiotic oxytetracycline, is reported, as well as the genome sequences of two derivatives arising due to the genetic instability of the strain.
Curtobacterium
sp. Genome Sequencing Underlines Plant Growth Promotion-Related Traits
Authors: Bulgari Daniela , Minio Andrea , Casati Paola , Quaglino Fabio , Delledonne Massimo , Bianco Piero A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms residing in plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. Here, we provide the high-quality genome sequence of
Curtobacterium
sp. strain S6, isolated from grapevine plant. The genome assembly contains 2,759,404 bp in 13 contigs and 2,456 predicted genes.