bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of temperature on selenate adsorption by goethite
Authors: Kersten Michael , Vlasova N. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Acid-base batch titration data up to 75 ºC were used to constrain a temperature-dependent 1-pK basic Stern model of the surface protonation reactions of goethite. Experimental data for the temperature dependence of pHPZC (as determined using the two-term Van't Hoff extrapolation) yielded a negative value of −44.9 kJ/mol for the surface protonation enthalpy, and therefore a shift of the zero point of charge towards lower pH values with increasing temperature. Batch titrations at selenate concentrations of between 10 and 100 μM showed an increased degree of adsorption in the acidic pH range, which appeared to be sensitive to the ionic strength of the solution. The selenate adsorption edges shifted towards more acidic pH values with increasing temperature. A 1-pK charge distribution multi-site surface complexation (CD-MUSIC) model was applied, assuming the formation of an outer-spheric surface complex together with an inner-spheric one, in agreement with published spectroscopic information. The temperature behaviour of the intrinsic equilibrium constants were well represented by a linear Van't Hoff log K
vs. 1/T plot, from which negative enthalpy values could be derived for both adsorption reactions. The adsorption of the selenate was therefore exothermic and became weaker with increasing temperature. The bidentate inner-spheric complex was more sensitive to rises in temperature (−70 kJ/mol), compared to the outer-spheric complex (−36 kJ/mol). The latter ultimately became the dominating adsorption process at the highest temperature studied.
Nutrient and sediment concentrations in three agriculturally impacted streams over a 15‐year period
Authors: Vanni Michael J. , Renwick William H. , González María J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConcentrations of nutrients and sediments in streams reflect land use and climate patterns in the watersheds they drain and also have implications for downstream ecosystems. Here we present 15 years of high‐resolution data on the concentrations of nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus) and suspended sediments in three streams that drain watersheds in Ohio, USA, dominated by row crop agriculture (mostly maize and soy). In addition, we present daily precipitation and stream discharge data over this 15‐year period. Agricultural practices in these watersheds have changed over this period, including a pronounced increase in conservation tillage, a reduction in fertilizers, a reduction in the number of hogs, and improved manure management. The data set consists of over >42 000 nutrient and sediment concentrations (3198–3898 samples from each of three streams for four nutrient and sediment constituents). The data set is unique in terms of its combination of length and resolution (sampling frequency 6–8 hours during storms) as well as its utility in assessing how changes in agricultural practices affect the concentrations and export rates of nutrients and sediments. Data presented here have been used in several papers quantifying nutrient export from streams, nutrient loading to a downstream reservoir (Acton Lake), and how nutrient inputs modulate ecosystem function and food web dynamics in Acton Lake.
Potential association of obesity with IL6 G-174C polymorphism and TTV infections
Authors: Cimponeriu Danut , Serafinceanu Cristian , Apostol Pompilia , Toma Mihai , Stavarachi Monica , Radu Irina , Craciun Anne , Spandole Sonia , Nicolae Panduru , Rusu Lavinia , Schiopu Oana , Ion Daniela 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Polymorphisms in IL6, ACE and ATR genes are associated with obesity. Torque Teno virus (TTV) seems to be able to interfere with production of some proinflammatory cytokines associated with obesity and related phenotypes. The aim of this study was to test the potential association between obesity, TTV infection and the IL6 G-174C (rs1800795), ACE I/D (rs4646994), AT1R A1166C (rs5186) polymorphisms. The polymorphisms and the presence of TTV were detected in blood samples from 150 obese and 150 normal-weight, healthy subjects using PCR based methods. IL6-174 CC genotype was more frequent in all obese patients (P=0.02) and in patients without TTV infections (P=0.03) than in controls. Obese women had more frequent TTV infections compared with normal-weight women (P=0.046). Obese subjects, regardless of gender (women P=0.03, men P=0.04), and healthy normal-weight men (P<0.01) carriers of AT1R C allele had higher triglycerides levels compared with non-carriers. The frequency of TTV in the control group (70.67%) was similar to data reported in other populations. The present study indicated that IL6-174 CC genotype and TTV infections in women could be associated with the common form of obesity.
Antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae against fish pathogenic Vibrio species
Authors: Cavallo Rosa , Acquaviva Maria , Stabili Loredana , Cecere Ester , Petrocelli Antonella , Narracci Marcella 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In mariculture, diseases of microbial origin can cause significant economic losses worldwide; the evolution of microorganism resistance to antibiotics has resulted in a growing need for new antibacterial compounds that are effective in veterinary medicine and characterized by limited undesirable side effects. Increased attention has recently been turned to seaweeds as a promising source for metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Vibriosis is a common disease, caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio, that can result in high mortality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to identify seaweeds with antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Vibrio species, in order to identify a possible alternative to the commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture. Chloroform/methanol lipidic extracts of six seaweed species (Chaetomorpha linum, Cladophora rupestris, Gracilaria dura, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilariopsis longissima, Ulva prolifera) were tested for their antibacterial activities against six fish pathogenic Vibrio species using the disc diffusion method. Different susceptibilities to lipidic algal extracts were observed. All six of the seaweed extracts tested demonstrated inhibition of Vibrio ordalii. The best was that from Gracilariopsis longissima, showing activity against Vibrio ordalii, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. The results confirmed the potential use of seaweed extracts as a source of antibacterial compounds or as a health-promoting feed for aquaculture.
Movements and flight morphology in the endangered Large Blue butterflies
Authors: Skórka Piotr , Nowicki Piotr , Kudłek Joanna , Pępkowska Aleksandra , Śliwińska Ewa , Witek Magdalena , Settele Josef , Woyciechowski Michal 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Movements and flight morphology of the endangered Large Blue butterflies Phengaris teleius and P. nausithous in southern Poland were studied with mark-release-recapture surveys and GIS analyses. Most individuals moved relatively small distances (<40 metres) within their habitat patches. Distances covered by both species were positively related to season progression and wing length, and negatively related to body mass. P. teleius movement distances slightly exceeded those of P. nausithous. In addition, females moved longer distances than males, although the difference was significant only in P. teleius. Morphological traits appeared to be good indicators of the inter-specific and inter-sexual differences in mobility. While P. teleius individuals were heavier than P. nausithous ones, they had considerably longer wings, which may explain longer movements in the former species. Similarly, females were heavier than males in both species, but they invested more in wing size, which is likely to compensate for the negative impact of body mass on movement distances. Our results indicate that combination of GIS analysis of movement distances recorded with mark-release-recapture methods and morphometric measurements taken in field during non-lethal handling of captured individuals proved useful for studying the mobility potential of the endangered insect species.
À la recherche du saint Prépuce
Authors: Seth Catriona 
Published: April 2013

Pour l’homme des Lumières, la circoncision est une « coutume bizarre », or l’Église se voit obligée de défendre celle de Jésus... et de s’interroger sur le devenir du saint Prépuce. Une mystique autrichienne dont on publie les visions en 1731 croit le sentir et l’avaler ; un chirurgien en examine une relique à la demande d’un évêque, y goûte et n’y voit que poussière ; l’objet est détruit – épisodes divertissants, chargés d’enjeux religieux et philosophiques.
The NS Matrix System
Authors: Sharma Narendra S , Hazarey Pushpa V , Kamble RH , Sharma Preethi N 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Unlike amalgam, the difficulty of condensing composite presents us with the challenge, recreating a tight interproximal contact. May be more importantly, trimming composite that has been extruded beyond the preparation margin around an interproximal box is difficult, frustrating and unpredictable. So in a quest to minimize the amount of trimming we need to do with high-speed instrumentation after the composite is cured. Recreating the natural tooth shape and sealing the walls begins with the matrix.
A matrix system must do the following three things:

Recreate the natural tooth shape and interproximal contact
Seal the proximal and gingival walls of the prep
Overcome the thickness of the band.

On the market today are both plastic and metal matrix bands. They are available in a variety of thicknesses and delivery systems that include sectional matrix bands, circumferential systems and bands that require a holder. Here, we present the NS matrix system which is a highly effective and economical matrix system that can be used for a variety of clinical applications, including posterior and anterior restorations.

How to cite this article
Sharma NS, Shrivastav SS, Hazarey PV, Kamble RH, Sharma PN. The NS Matrix System. World J Dent 2013;4(1):4-5.
The Perception of Stress among Clinical Dental Students
Authors: Al-Samadani Khalid H , Al-Dharrab Ayman 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine the prevalence of stress among clinical students from Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in May 2012 on fourth, fifth and sixth year clinical dental students from Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, using a modified form of dental environment stress (DES) questionnaire. A total of 353 questionnaires were distributed and incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. SPSS version 15 was used to do statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 353 students were asked to complete the questionnaire and 232 (65.7%) responded; of these 120 (51.7%) were males and remaining 112 (48.3%) were females. More or less all the students were having stress. In male students severe stress was due to difficulty in getting suitable patient (51%) and the patient who were arriving late or not coming on appointment, p = 0.16, whereas in female they were having severe stress due to fear of failure (59%), p = 0.02, examination and grading (57%) and completing examination requirement (52%). In male, amount of academic overload was also main cause of severe stress (p = 0.03). Sixth-year students were having more stress due to amount of overload (59.1%), lack of time to do assigned work (53.4%), difficulty to get suitable patient (71.6%) and patient arriving late or not coming on appointment (64.8%). Fifth-year students were more stressed due to completing examination requirement (65.7%). Fourth-year students were having more stress due to fear of failure (58.4%) and examination and grading (58.4%).

Conclusion
The finding of this study show some considerable degree or severe stress among the students. Longitudinal studies that include preclinical dental students should be carried out to know how the pattern of stress varies during preclinical and clinical training period.

How to cite this article
Al-Samadani KH, Al-Dharrab A. The Perception of Stress among Clinical Dental Students. World J Dent 2013;4(1):24-28.
Causes of loss or retirement from active duty for New Zealand police German shepherd dogs
Authors: Worth AJ , Sandford M , Gibson B , Stratton R , Erceg V , Bridges J , Jones B 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the causes of loss from active duty amongst German shepherd dogs in service with the New Zealand Police Dog Section. Current or previous police dog handlers (n = 149) completed a postal survey for each dog they had worked with during their career including their current dog. Causes of loss were categorised as either retirement, euthanasia whilst still in active duty, death from illness/natural causes, or being killed whilst on duty. Of 182 dogs with completed questionnaires, 48 dogs were still in service, leaving 134 that were retired (94), had been euthanased (24), had died (11) or had been killed (5). The mean and median age at loss for all dogs no longer in service was 6.6 years. The nominal age for planned retirement (8 years) was only reached by 40% of dogs. The single most important cause of retirement was the inability to cope with the physical demands of the job (61/94 dogs or 65%). Degenerative musculoskeletal disease was cited as the primary factor in 42/61 of these dogs (69%). When both retired and euthanased dogs where considered together, 27% were retired or euthanased due to back/spinal problems, and a high proportion of these were believed to have involved the lumbosacral joint. Greater research efforts should be targeted at identification of the factors that lead to degenerative musculoskeletal and lumbo-sacral disease to determine methods of lowering their incidence in police working dogs. Such research could lead to increasing the average working life and ‘in work’ welfare of a police German shepherd dog in New Zealand.
The welfare implications of large litter size in the domestic pig I: biological factors
Authors: Rutherford KMD , Baxter EM , D’Eath RB , Turner SP , Arnott G , Roehe R , Ask B , SandØe P , Moustsen VA , Thorup F , Edwards SA , Berg P , Lawrence AB 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIncreasing litter size has long been a goal of pig breeders and producers, and may have implications for pig(Sus scrofa domesticus)welfare. This paper reviews the scientific evidence on biological factors affecting sow and piglet welfare in relation to large litter size. It is concluded that, in a number of ways, large litter size is a risk factor for decreased animal welfare in pig production. Increased litter size is associated with increased piglet mortality, which is likely to be associated with significant negative animal welfare impacts. In surviving piglets, many of the causes of mortality can also occur in non-lethal forms that cause suffering. Intense teat competition may increase the likelihood that some piglets do not gain adequate access to milk, causing starvation in the short term and possibly long-term detriments to health. Also, increased litter size leads to more piglets with low birth weight which is associated with a variety of negative long-term effects. Finally, increased production pressure placed on sows bearing large litters may produce health and welfare concerns for the sow. However, possible biological approaches to mitigating health and welfare issues associated with large litters are being implemented. An important mitigation strategy is genetic selection encompassing traits that promote piglet survival, vitality and growth. Sow nutrition and the minimisation of stress during gestation could also contribute to improving outcomes in terms of piglet welfare. Awareness of the possible negative welfare consequences of large litter size in pigs should lead to further active measures being taken to mitigate the mentioned effects.
The welfare implications of large litter size in the domestic pig II: management factors
Authors: Baxter EM , Rutherford KMD , D’Eath RB , Arnott G , Turner SP , SandØe P , Moustsen VA , Thorup F , Edwards SA , Lawrence AB 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIncreasing litter size has long been a goal of pig(Sus scrofa domesticus)breeders and producers in many countries. Whilst this has economic and environmental benefits for the pig industry, there are also implications for pig welfare. Certain management interventions are used when litter size routinely exceeds the ability of individual sows to successfully rear all the piglets (ie viable piglets outnumber functional teats). Such interventions include: tooth reduction; split suckling; cross-fostering; use of nurse sow systems and early weaning, including split weaning; and use of artificial rearing systems. These practices raise welfare questions for both the piglets and sow and are described and discussed in this review. In addition, possible management approaches which might mitigate health and welfare issues associated with large litters are identified. These include early intervention to provide increased care for vulnerable neonates and improvements to farrowing accommodation to mitigate negative effects, particularly for nurse sows. An important concept is that management at all stages of the reproductive cycle, not simply in the farrowing accommodation, can impact on piglet outcomes. For example, poor stockhandling at earlier stages of the reproductive cycle can create fearful animals with increased likelihood of showing poor maternal behaviour. Benefits of good sow and litter management, including positive human-animal relationships, are discussed. Such practices apply to all production situations, not just those involving large litters. However, given that interventions for large litters involve increased handling of piglets and increased interaction with sows, there are likely to be even greater benefits for management of hyper-prolific herds.
The use of quantitative risk assessment to assess lifetime welfare outcomes for breech strike and mulesing management options in Merino sheep
Authors: Fisher AD , Giraudo A , Martin PAJ , Paton MW 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn Australia, flystrike can severely compromise sheep welfare. Traditionally, the surgical practice of mulesing was performed to alter wool distribution and breech conformation and thereby reduce flystrike risk. The aim of this study was to use published data to evaluate the effectiveness of an epidemiologically based risk assessment model in comparing welfare outcomes in sheep undergoing mulesing, mulesing with pain relief, plastic skin-fold clips, and no mulesing. We used four measures, based on cortisol, haptoglobin, bodyweight and behavioural change, across three farming regions in Australia. All data were normalised to a common scale, based on the range between the highest and lowest responses for each variable (‘welfare impact’; I). Lifetime severity of welfare challenge (SWC) was estimated by summing annual SWCs (SWC = I × P, where P = probability of that impact occurring). The severity of welfare challenge during the first year of life was higher for mulesed animals compared to unmulesed. However, over five years of life, the highest severity of welfare challenge was for unmulesed animals, and the lowest was for the plastic skin-fold clips. The model produced estimates of SWC that are in broad agreement with expert consensus that, although mulesing historically represented a welfare benefit for sheep under Australian conditions, the replacement of mulesing with less invasive procedures, and ultimately genetic selection combined with anti-fly treatments, will provide a sustainable welfare benefit. However, the primary objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the risk assessment framework; not to compare welfare outcomes from mulesing and its alternatives.
Preliminary investigations into the use of microwave energy for reversible stunning of sheep
Authors: Small A , McLean D , Keates H , Owen JS , Ralph J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStunning prior to slaughter is commonly used to render the animal insensible to pain. However, for certain markets, stunning is disallowed, unless the animal can fully recover if not slaughtered. There are very few available methods of inducing a fully recoverable stun. This preliminary study investigates the potential for microwave energy application to be used to induce a recoverable stun in sheep. Cadaver heads were used to demonstrate that brain temperature could be raised to a point at which insensibility would be expected to occur (44°C). Trials on four anaesthetised sheep confirmed this finding in a live animal model where brain temperatures between 43 and 48°C were achieved with 20 s of microwave energy application. Although the applicator and process variables require some further development, this technology seems eminently suitable for use as an alternative method of inducing a recoverable stun.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Pro‐Apoptosis Activity of Etodolac Hydrazide Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Çıkla Pelin , Özsavcı Derya , Bingöl‐Özakpınar Özlem , Şener Azize , Çevik Özge , Özbaş‐Turan Suna , Akbuğa Jülide , Şahin Fikrettin , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEtodolac hydrazide and a novel series of etodolac hydrazide‐hydrazones3–15and etodolac 4‐thiazolidinones16–26were synthesized in this study. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral (FT‐IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, HREI‐MS) methods. Some selected compounds were determined at one dose toward the full panel of 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA). 2‐(1,8‐Diethyl‐1,3,4,9‐tetrahydropyrano[3,4‐b]indole‐1‐yl)acetic acid[(4‐chlorophenyl)methylene]hydrazide9demonstrated the most marked effect on the prostate cancer cell line PC‐3, with 58.24% growth inhibition at 10−5 M (10 µM). Using the MTT colorimetric method, compound9was evaluatedin vitroagainst the prostate cell line PC‐3 and the rat fibroblast cell line L‐929, for cell viability and growth inhibition at different doses. Compound9exhibited anticancer activity with an IC50value of 54 µM (22.842 µg/mL) against the PC‐3 cells and did not display any cytotoxicity toward the L‐929 rat fibroblasts, compared to etodolac. In addition, this compound was evaluated for caspase‐3 and Bcl‐2 activation in the apoptosis pathway, which plays a key role in the treatment of cancer.
New Arylpiperazines with Flexible versus Partly Constrained Linker as Serotonin 5‐HT1A/5‐HT7 Receptor Ligands
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Mitka Katarzyna , Jaśkowska Jolanta , Duszyńska Beata , Bojarski Andrzej J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of new long‐chain arylpiperazine (LCAP) derivatives with flexible and partly constrained alkyl linker were synthesized and investigated in vitro as potential serotonin 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT7 receptor ligands. The compounds were prepared by a two‐step procedure using naphthalimide and 2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine‐2,4(3H)‐dione as imides, and 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (o‐OMe‐PhP) and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as amine pharmacophores. Modifications of the spacer structure included introduction of flexible penta‐ and hexamethylene chains as well as partly constrained m‐ and p‐xylyl moieties. In general, the new compounds were more active at the 5‐HT1A than at the 5‐HT7 receptor, and the o‐OMe‐PhP derivatives displayed higher affinities than their respective THIQ analogs. The spacer modifications had little effect on the observed in vitro activities. Within the o‐OMe‐PhP series, except for a small binding reduction for ligands containing the m‐xylyl moiety, there was no substantial change in the compounds' potency at both receptors, while for the THIQ derivatives a clear structure–activity relationship was visible only for the interaction of the compounds with the 5‐HT7 receptor, which strongly favored flexible analogs.