bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Response to Acute Solar-Simulated Light Exposure of Human Skin
Authors: Bermudez Yira , Stratton Steven P. , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara , Warneke James , Hu Chengcheng , Bowden George T. , Dickinson Sally E. , Dong Zigang , Bode Ann M. , Saboda Kathylynn , Brooks Christine A. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Hurst Craig A. , Alberts David S. , Einspahr Janine G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is higher than all other cancers and continues to increase, with an average annual cost over $8 billion in the United States. As a result, identifying molecular pathway alterations that occur with UV exposure to strategize more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches is essential. To that end, we evaluated phosphorylation of proteins within the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways by immunohistochemistry in sun-protected skin after acute doses of physiologically relevant solar-simulated ultraviolet light (SSL) in 24 volunteers. Biopsies were performed at baseline, 5 minutes, 1, 5, and 24 hours after SSL irradiation. Within the PI3K/Akt pathway, we found activation of Akt (serine 473) to be significantly increased at 5 hours while mTOR (serine 2448) was strongly activated early and was sustained over 24 hours after SSL. Downstream, we observed a marked and sustained increase in phospho-S6 (serine 235/S236), whereas phospho-4E-BP1 (threonines 37/46) was increased only at 24 hours. Within the MAPK pathway, SSL-induced expression of phospho-p38 (threonine 180/tyrosine 182) peaked at 1 to 5 hours. ERK 1/2 was observed to be immediate and sustained after SSL irradiation. Phosphorylation of histone H3 (serine 10), a core structural protein of the nucleosome, peaked at 5 hours after SSL irradiation. The expression of both p53 and COX-2 was increased at 5 hours and was maximal at 24 hours after SSL irradiation. Apoptosis was significantly increased at 24 hours as expected and indicative of a sunburn-type response to SSL. Understanding the timing of key protein expression changes in response to SSL will aid in development of mechanistic-based approaches for the prevention and control of skin cancers. Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 720–8. ©2015 AACR.
Two Faces of SIVA
Authors: Resnick-Silverman Lois , Manfredi James J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Summary: In non–small cell lung cancer cells that contain a mutated KRAS gene, SIVA, a p53 target gene that is critical for apoptosis, is overexpressed in a p53-independent manner and promotes tumorigenesis through the stimulation of mTOR signaling. The ablation of Siva in conditional knockout mice results in an inhibition of tumor development that makes SIVA an interesting new candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of a carcinoma with few therapeutic options. Cancer Discov; 5(6); 581–3. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Van Nostrand and colleagues, p. 622.
Evaluation of the Incremental Prognostic Utility of Increasingly Complex Testing in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ahmad Tariq , O’Brien Emily C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Stevens Susanna R. , Fiuzat Mona , Kitzman Dalane W. , Adams Kirkwood F. , Kraus William E. , Piña Ileana L. , Donahue Mark P. , Zannad Faiez , Whellan David J. , O’Connor Christopher M. , Felker G. Michael 
Published: June 2015

Background—
Current heart failure (HF) risk prediction models do not consider how individual patient assessments occur in incremental steps; furthermore, each additional diagnostic evaluation may add cost, complexity, and potential morbidity.

Methods and Results—

Using a cohort of well-treated ambulatory HF patients with reduced ejection fraction who had complete clinical, laboratory, health-related quality of life, imaging, and exercise testing data, we estimated incremental prognostic information provided by 5 assessment categories, performing an additional analysis on those with available N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. We compared the incremental value of each additional assessment (quality of life screen, laboratory testing, echocardiography, and exercise testing) to baseline clinical assessment for predicting clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, all-cause mortality/hospitalization, and cardiovascular death/HF hospitalizations), gauging incremental improvements in prognostic ability with more information using area under the curve and reclassification improvement (net reclassification index), with and without NT-proBNP availability. Of 2331 participants, 1631 patients had complete clinical data; of these, 1023 had baseline NT-proBNP. For prediction of all-cause mortality, models with incremental assessments sans NT-proBNP showed improvements in
C
-indices (0.72 [clinical model alone]−0.77 [complete model]). Compared with baseline clinical assessment alone, net reclassification index improved from 0.035 (w/laboratory data) to 0.085 (complete model). These improvements were significantly attenuated for models in the subset with measured NT-proBNP data (
c
-indices: 0.80 [w/laboratory data]−0.81 [full model]); net reclassification index improvements were similarly marginal (0.091→0.096); prediction of other clinical outcomes had similar findings.

Conclusions—
In chronic HF patients with reduced ejection fraction, the marginal benefit of complex prognostic evaluations should be weighed against potential patient discomfort and cost escalation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00047437.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the New Balloon-Expandable Sapien 3 Versus Sapien XT Valve System
Authors: Nijhoff Freek , Abawi Masieh , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Ramjankhan Faiz Z. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: June 2015

Background—
The new balloon-expandable Sapien 3 transcatheter heart valve (S3-THV) incorporates new features to reduce aortic regurgitation (AR) and vascular complications in transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of the S3-THV with the preceding Sapien XT THV (SXT-THV) in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation for symptomatic severe native aortic stenosis.

Methods and Results—

Eligible patients were retrospectively identified in our institutional database and periprocedural clinical and imaging data were collected. Non-parsimonious one-to-many propensity score matching was performed to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Between November 2011 and December 2014, 167 patients underwent balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation with either the S3-THV (n=49) or SXT-THV (n=118). Forty-four (89.8%) S3-THV patients were matched to 66 (55.9%) SXT-THV patients (mean age 80.3±8.4 and 80.5±7.8 years, median EuroSCORE 15.8 and 16.5%, respectively). In the S3-THV and SXT-THV groups, transfemoral approach (77.3% versus 78.8%) and postdilatation rates (15.9% versus 12.1%) were similar. Predischarge echocardiography demonstrated a lower incidence of ≥mild AR (15.9% versus 46.2%,
P
=0.003) for the S3-THV, despite reduced annulus area to prosthesis oversizing (8.2±5.1 versus 18.2±10.7%,
P
=0.001). Transfemoral access site–related life-threatening or major bleedings and vascular complications were absent in the S3-THV group (0% versus 7.7%,
P
=0.15). No differences were observed in pacemaker implantation rate (9.8% versus 8.8%,
P
=0.94) and 30-day mortality (both 5%).

Conclusions—
In this retrospective, propensity score–matched analysis, the S3-THV performed superiorly to the SXT-THV, as demonstrated by improved valve patency and increased transfemoral access safety.
Orthodoxies in the Field of Production
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T. 
Published: June 2015

A revised version of the introduction to my own Entanglements: Marking Place in the Field of Religion (Sheffield: Equinox Publishers, 2014), this essay identifies some of the rhetorical techniques and institutional conditions that make possible the establishment of an exclusive orthodoxy in the modern academic study of religion – an orthodoxy that polices the limits of the field by determining not only what counts as legitimate methods, data, and findings but also who counts as a legitimate practitioner.
Communicating Civilization Through Rituals: Mount Tai Pilgrimages in Song China, 960-1279
Authors: Han Lifeng 
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the imperialfeng封 andshan禪 ritual at Mount Tai in 1008 and its connection with popular pilgrimages among the Mount Tai cult. It aims to demonstrate how ritual can be used as a tool of the imperial state in communicating its political and cultural agenda.Placing the imperial pilgrimage within its historical context at the turn of the eleventh century, it can be understood as an effort to secure mass identification with the state and its authority. More importantly, it could be used to establish ownership of Chinese civilization by the Song dynasty (960-1279) in its competition with the Khitan, who had long adopted Chinese institutions and ideology. Various strategies were deployed by the throne to communicate the imperial symbolism of the mountain. The mountain, therefore, had become valuable symbolic capital. Through the composition of temple inscriptions, the literati were able to redefine the popular ritual practices of the Mount Tai cult and brought them into a hegemonic discourse on the mountain. This facilitated the construction of an imperial cultural identity accessible to all social groups and allowed an abstract concept of Chinese culture to be communicated through the fabric of society.
Validation of Large-Eddy Simulation Methods for Gravity Wave Breaking
Authors: Remmler Sebastian , Hickel Stefan , Fruman Mark D. , Achatz Ulrich 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
To reduce the computational costs of numerical studies of gravity wave breaking in the atmosphere, the grid resolution has to be reduced as much as possible. Insufficient resolution of small-scale turbulence demands a proper turbulence parameterization in the framework of a large-eddy simulation (LES). The authors validate three different LES methods—the adaptive local deconvolution method (ALDM), the dynamic Smagorinsky method (DSM), and a naïve central discretization without turbulence parameterization (CDS4)—for three different cases of the breaking of well-defined monochromatic gravity waves. For ALDM, a modification of the numerical flux functions is developed that significantly improves the simulation results in the case of a temporarily very smooth velocity field. The test cases include an unstable and a stable inertia–gravity wave as well as an unstable high-frequency gravity wave. All simulations are carried out both in three-dimensional domains and in two-dimensional domains in which the velocity and vorticity fields are three-dimensional (so-called 2.5D simulations). The results obtained with ALDM and DSM are generally in good agreement with the reference direct numerical simulations as long as the resolution in the direction of the wave vector is sufficiently high. The resolution in the other directions has a weaker influence on the results. The simulations without turbulence parameterization are only successful if the resolution is high and the level of turbulence is comparatively low.
Comparison of NLDAS-2 Simulated and NASMD Observed Daily Soil Moisture. Part I: Comparison and Analysis
Authors: Xia Youlong , Ek Michael B. , Wu Yihua , Ford Trent , Quiring Steven M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Soil moisture observations from seven observational networks (spanning portions of seven states) with different biome and climate conditions were used in this study to evaluate multimodel simulated soil moisture products. The four land surface models, including Noah, Mosaic, Sacramento soil moisture accounting (SAC), and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC), were run within phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2), with a ⅛° spatial resolution and hourly temporal resolution. Hundreds of sites in Alabama, Colorado, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma, West Texas, and Utah were used to evaluate simulated soil moisture in the 0–10-, 10–40-, and 40–100-cm soil layers. Soil moisture was spatially averaged in each state to reduce noise. In general, the four models captured broad features (e.g., seasonal variation) of soil moisture variations in all three soil layers in seven states, except for the 10–40-cm soil layer in West Texas and the 40–100-cm soil layer in Alabama, where the anomaly correlations are weak. Overall, Mosaic, SAC, and the ensemble mean have the highest simulation skill and VIC has the lowest simulation skill. The results show that Noah and VIC are wetter than the observations while Mosaic and SAC are drier than the observations, mostly likely because of systematic errors in model evapotranspiration.
Street-Scale Modeling of Storm Surge Inundation along the New Jersey Hudson River Waterfront
Authors: Blumberg Alan F. , Georgas Nickitas , Yin Larry , Herrington Thomas O. , Orton Philip M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new, high-resolution, hydrodynamic model that encompasses the urban coastal waters of New Jersey along the Hudson River Waterfront opposite New York City, New York, has been developed and validated for simulating inundation during Hurricane Sandy. A 3.1-m-resolution square model grid combined with a high-resolution lidar elevation dataset permits a street-by-street focus to inundation modeling. The waterfront inundation model is a triple-nested Stevens Institute Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Hydrodynamic Model (sECOM) application; sECOM is a successor model to the Princeton Ocean Model family of models. Robust flooding and drying of land in the model physics provides for the dynamic prediction of flood elevations and velocities across land features during inundation events. The inundation model was forced by water levels from the extensively validated New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS) hindcast of that hurricane.Validation against 56 watermarks and 16 edgemarks provided via the USGS and through an extensive crowdsourcing effort consisting of photographs, videos, and personal stories shows that the model is capable of computing overland water elevations quite accurately throughout the entire surge event. The correlation coefficient (R2) between the watermark observations and the model results is 0.92. The standard deviation of the residual error is 0.07 m. Comparisons to the 16 flood edgemarks suggest that the model was able to reproduce flood extent to within 20 m. Because the model was able to capture the spatial and temporal variation of water levels in the region observed during Hurricane Sandy, it was used to identify the flood pathways and suggest where flood-preventing interventions could be built.
Quantification of Trapezius Muscle Innervation During Neck Dissections
Authors: Svenberg Lind Clara , Lundberg Bertil , Hammarstedt Nordenvall Lalle , Heiwe Susanne , Persson Jonas K. E. , Hydman Jonas 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Despite increasing use of selective, nerve-sparing surgical techniques during neck dissections, the reported rate of postoperative paralysis of the trapezius muscle is still high. The aim of the study is to measure and compare motor inflow to the trapezius muscle, in order to better understand the peripheral neuroanatomy. Methods: Intraoperative nerve monitoring (electroneurography) in patients undergoing routine neck dissection (n = 18). The innervation of the 3 functional parts of the trapezius muscle was mapped and quantified through compound muscle action potentials. Results: In 18/18 (100%) of the patients, the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) innervated all parts of the trapezius muscle. In 7/18 (39%) of the patients, an active motor branch from the cervical plexus was detected, equally distributed to all functional parts of the trapezius muscle, at levels comparable to the SAN. Conclusions: Compared to the SAN, branches from cervical plexus provide a significant amount of neural input to all parts of the trapezius muscle. Intraoperative nerve monitoring can be used in routine neck dissections to detect these branches, which may be important following surgical injury to the SAN.
Gender Inequality: Challenges of Educating the Girl Child
Authors: Kaul Rekha 
Published: June 2015

Education today has become an arena of conflict where struggles of the marginalised are taking place. These conflicts relate to aspects of caste, class and, more significantly, gender; girls constitute a larger proportion of the disadvantaged child population in India. The article attempts to grasp the intersecting process of exclusion of the several girl children from the school system. The strategies adopted by the state to address these issues have tended to be isolated and fragmented. The mere presence of girls in schools is an inadequate indicator of the difficulty they face owing to gender disparities within schools or the gendered environment beyond. A holistic, multi-sectoral development needs to address their specific vulnerabilities.
Tradition and Technology in Precluding Girl Child in India
Authors: Dasthagir K. Gulam 
Published: June 2015

Antifemale bias permeating across the world has perhaps percolated in the perpetuation of the awful practices of gendered selection at birth in India. In the backdrop of pervasive vulnerability of women in the globalising world, this article interrogates into the roots of the practice of female infanticide and foeticide in Indian society. This article elucidates the continuum of female infanticide to female foeticide as the transmission of the tendency to eliminate females from after birth to before birth despite legal proscriptions through modern methods of infanticide and globalisation of gender selection technology in contemporary Indian society. Premised on certain sociological propositions on social change, this article argues that female infanticide and female foeticide are collective gendered crimes entrenched in the detraditionalised continuum of the tendency of women preclusion at birth from rural to urban and traditional to modern society.
Chronicle of a Dispossession Foretold
Authors: Ibarra García María Veronica , Salas Circe Badillo 
Published: June 2015

The production of a tourist space on the Bahía de Banderas, on Mexico’s Pacific coast, has required converting the land, the river, and the bay into private property, dispossessing the citizenry of its access to them and interfering with the right of free transit. The production of this unequal and exclusive space demonstrates the absence of democracy in spatial production and the defenselessness of the citizenry in the face of the neoliberal project. La producción del espacio turístico de Bahía de Banderas, en la costa del Pacífico mexicano, require convertir en propiedad privada el suelo, el río y las playas, lo cual implicó despojar a la ciudadanía de su acceso al río, al mar y al derecho del libre tránsito. Tal producción de un espacio desigual y de exclusión social evidencia el alto déficit de democracia en la producción espacial, así como la indefensión de la ciudadanía que conlleva el neoliberalismo.
Skolsköterskans rolltransformering till den nya hälsofrämjande positionen
Authors: Holmström Malin Rising , Häggström Marie , Kristiansen Lisbeth 
Published: June 2015

Aim The aim of this study was to describe the role transformation of school nurses towards primary health promotion, and secondary preventive and health treatment work. Background According to the Swedish educational act, the school nurse profession has changed towards being mainly health promotion and secondary preventive and health treatment work. Method The study consisted of a qualitative study design with content analysis inspired by Elo and Kyngäs. Sixteen individual interviews were conducted with school nurses from across one county. Findings The role transformation towards a more health promotion was described by school nurses’ statements. The process of the transformation differed among the school nurses. Three categories illuminated their work; professional approach, student-centred and collaboration. Conclusion The role transformation process required enhanced relation and communicational skills. Structured collegial supervision might support the process.
Protecting the aged heart during cardiac surgery: single-dose del Nido cardioplegia is superior to multi-dose del Nido cardioplegia in isolated rat hearts
Authors: Govindapillai Arun , Hancock Friesen Camille , O’Blenes Stacy B 
Published: June 2015

Background: Aged hearts are particularly vulnerable to reperfusion injury. We recently showed that single-dose del Nido cardioplegia was superior to ‘standard’ multi-dose 4:1 blood cardioplegia in aged rat hearts. This study seeks to determine if multi-dose del Nido cardioplegia offers additional benefits over single-dose del Nido cardioplegia. Methods: Functional recovery after 60 min of cardioplegic arrest was assessed in isolated, working, senescent rat hearts. Single-dose del Nido cardioplegia (n=14) was compared to multi-dose del Nido cardioplegia (n=12) delivered every 20 min. Results: Troponin release during reperfusion was similar in the single (0.263±0.056 ng/ml) and multi-dose groups (0.261±0.055 ng/ml). Although functional recovery was similar early after reperfusion (stroke work 91±6 ml*mmHg*g−1 vs. 91±8 ml*mmHg*g−1 for single- vs. multi-dose), it declined over time in the multi-dose group (71±9 vs. 43±9 ml*mmHg*g−1 at 60 min, p=0.0175) Conclusions: In aged rat hearts, a single-dose del Nido cardioplegia strategy results in superior functional recovery compared to a multi-dose del Nido cardioplegia strategy.
Evidence-based practice knowledge and perfusionists’ clinical behavior
Authors: Long Dennis M , Matthews Eric 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been widely studied and adopted in allied health professions education. Current practitioners may have challenges in adopting EBP into current practice. EBP skills have not been previously assessed in perfusionists, therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify a preliminary analysis of perfusionists’ EBP knowledge and its possible relationship to clinical behavior and educational level Methods: A non-randomized convenience study using the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) was used to measure EBP of practicing U.S. perfusionists. The EBPQ is a validated survey instrument designed to measure EBP practice, attitude and knowledge subscales. The EBPQ consisted of 24 items on a 1 to 7 Likert Scale, with higher numbers indicating frequent use of skill. Practitioner experience, educational background and employment type were also collected. Results: Two hundred and fifty-four responses met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The mean EBPQ score was 5.0 (SD = 0.9) with similar means for the subscales. There were important differences found in the EBPQ scores, depending on the educational level and work status. There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and practice subscales, demonstrating a relationship in the sample and a possible relationship in the population as a whole. Conclusion: The results suggest that perfusionists’ use of EBP in practice does vary, based upon educational level and employment type. The findings also demonstrated areas of lower EBP aptitude. The correlation between EBP knowledge and practice may guide educational efforts at improving EBP practice.