bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated apoptosis of the venous wall in chronic venous disease and portal hypertension
Authors: Kun Li , Ying Li , Lei Wang , Jianhua Zhao , Yongbo Xu , Tao Wang , Jinyuan Tang , Haibo Chu 
Published: October 2015

Introduction The etiology of varicose veins remains elusive. We hypothesized that abnormal cell cycle events in the vein wall may contribute to changes in the structural integrity, thus predisposing to the development of varicosities. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the same molecular apoptotic pathway exists between great saphenous and splenic veins. Methods Thirty-six samples of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins were collected. Twenty-five samples of control splenic and great saphenous veins were also collected. The apoptotic cell proteins expression was immunohistochemically stained with antibodies (anti-Bax and anti-Bcl-xl). Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescence staining. The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed with an electron microscope. Results The apoptotic ratio in walls (intima and media) of diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups were significantly lower than the corresponding regions in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups ( p < 0.01), respectively. A significant difference was not noted in the ratio change of apoptotic cells between the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups ( p > 0.05). The high positive expression of Bcl-xl proteins was detected in the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups, respectively. While the high positive expression of Bax proteins was also observed in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups, respectively. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells in diseased splenic vein, varicose great saphenous vein, splenic vein, and great saphenous vein walls exhibited apoptotic morphologic features, such as fuzzy mitochondrial cristae, medullary changes, and margination of the nuclear chromatin. Conclusions Our results showed the same dysregulation of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins. This observational study suggests that apoptotic down-regulation in the veins wall is a cause of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins, but does not exclude the possibility that other mechanisms are involved.
Pacifier Use and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Brazil
Authors: Buccini Gabriela dos Santos , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Venancio Sonia Isoyama 
Published: October 2015

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates for infants younger than 6 months have increased in Brazil, although at the current pace of improvement it would take 6 years to reach an EBF rate of 50%. Thus, it is important to identify relevant modifiable key risk factors for the premature interruption of EBF. Objective: This study aimed to find out if pacifier use is an independent risk factor for the interruption of EBF among Brazilian infants. Methods: We conducted secondary cross-sectional data analyses of 2 waves of infant feeding surveys conducted in 1999 and in 2008 in the Brazilian state capitals and Federal District (N = 42 395 children < 6 months). Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association between pacifier use and the risk of interruption of EBF in a pooled sample and within each survey wave, adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and biomedical confounders. Results: In the pooled sample, a third of the infants were exclusively breastfed (32.7%) and almost 50% had used a pacifier. Whereas EBF prevalence among infants increased from 25.1% in 1999 to 40.3% in 2008, pacifier use prevalence decreased from 58.5% to 41.6% in the same time period. Pacifier use was strongly associated with the risk of interruption of EBF in 1999 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.38-2.94), in 2008 (AOR = 3.18; 95% CI, 2.81-3.60), and in the pooled sample (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI, 2.63-2.91) after adjusting for key confounders. Conclusion: Pacifier use was the strongest risk factor for EBF interruption. Effective strategies to reduce pacifier use among infants younger than 6 months may further improve EBF rates in Brazil.
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes of Nevada Health Care Professionals Remain Virtually Unchanged over 10 Years
Authors: Sigman-Grant Madeleine , Kim Yaebin 
Published: October 2015

Background: It is prudent that health care professionals remain cognizant of breastfeeding-related issues to support nursing mothers. In 1995, Freed and colleagues noted deficits in breastfeeding knowledge among family medicine, pediatric, and obstetrics/gynecology residents and practitioners. Others reported similar findings despite calls to action and reports of successful breastfeeding interventions. Objective: This retrospective study compared baseline breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scores from Nevada health care professionals from 2004 through 2013. Methods: In-training and practicing professionals (pediatric/family practice/obstetric residents and attending physicians; hospital nursing staff; nursing and medical students) attended a 90-minute workshop at their sites. Following each session, attendees voluntarily completed a survey consisting of 2 knowledge and 2 attitudinal questions, using the post:pre-evaluation method, which diminishes overinflation of pretest scores as respondents can more accurately reflect their baseline levels. A Kruskal-Wallis test evaluated differences in baseline knowledge and attitude scores among 3 professional groups and for physicians over the 10-year period using Bonferroni post-hoc analyses. Results: A total of 889 professionals participated, with only physicians represented yearly. Except for knowledge of milk production, physician median baseline scores did not differ significantly over time. Overall, hospital nurses had significantly higher median baseline knowledge scores about initiation and frequent feeding than physicians and students. Nurses also had higher median attitude scores (likelihood of and confidence in talking with parents about breastfeeding) than physicians who had higher scores than students. Conclusion: Despite growing societal enthusiasm and support, the baseline knowledge of and attitudes toward breastfeeding showed minimal change over 10 years.
A comparison between plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Guillain–Barré syndrome in Upper Egypt
Authors: Saad Khaled , Mohamad Ismail L. , Abd El-Hamed Mohamed A. , Tawfeek Mostafa S K , Ahmed Ahmed E. , Abdel Baseer Khaled A. , El-Shemy Ahmed S. , El-Houfey Amira A. , Tamer Diaa M. 
Published: October 2015

Objective: The aim of our study is to assess the clinico-electrophysiological proﬁle of children with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in Upper Egypt and to compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis versus other treatment modalities. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study of children from January 2010 to October 2014 diagnosed as GBS. It included 62 cases. Results: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) was the most prevalent type of GBS in our locality. As regards the treatment, 32 cases received plasmapheresis while 30 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin. We found a significant decrease in the duration of hospitalization and a significant increase in the number of children with complete recovery in cases treated with plasmapheresis. Conclusion: GBS is not uncommon in children of Upper Egypt, with AIDP the most prevalent type. Plasmapheresis is the best treatment modalities for GBS as it reduces the duration of hospital stay and hastens the recovery of those children.
Dislocated Posterior Tibial Tendon Treated With Plate Buttress Fixation in a Collegiate Gymnast
Authors: Mullens Jess , Whiteside William , Nilssen Erik , Kennedy Chad 
Published: October 2015

Dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) is a rare pathological process that occurs most often as a result of acute trauma. The injury involves forced dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot against a contracted posterior tibialis. Diagnosis of the injury is often difficult secondary to the rarity of the injury and its similarity with other benign injuries of the medial ankle. Routine diagnostic imaging often does not reveal the injury, and advanced imaging with magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis is often required. The injury can be a result of an abnormal retromalleolar groove or a tear of the flexor retinaculum. Because nonoperative treatment frequently results in poor outcomes with continuing pain and progressive flat foot, operative treatment with repair of the flexor retinaculum with correction of the retromalleolar groove is the most described intervention. We report an acute case of PTT dislocation in a collegiate gymnast during competition and offer our technique for surgical correction in the setting of a partially torn, attenuated flexor retinaculum with plate buttressing of the PTT into its native uncorrected groove. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study
Clinical impact of molecular features in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma
Authors: Pon Julia R. , Marra Marco A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOur understanding of the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) has been dramatically enhanced by recent attempts to profile molecular features of these lymphomas. In this article, we discuss ways in which testing for molecular features may impact DLBCL and FL management if clinical trials are designed to incorporate such tests. Specifically, we discuss how distinguishing lymphomas on the basis of cell-of-origin subtypes or the presence of other molecular features is prognostically and therapeutically significant. Conversely, we discuss how the molecular similarities of DLBCL and FL have provided insight into the potential of both DLBCL and FL cases to respond to agents targeting alterations they have in common. Through these examples, we demonstrate how the translation of our understanding of cancer biology into improvements in patient outcomes depends on analyzing the molecular correlates of treatment outcomes in clinical trials and in routinely treated patients.
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Clostridium
ihumii sp. nov.
Authors: Merhej Vicky , Pfleiderer Anne , Ramasamy Dhamodharan , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Michelle Caroline , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractClostridium ihumii strain AP5T sp. nov. is a new species within the genus Clostridium. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the stool sample of a 21-year-old French Caucasian female with anorexia nervosa. C. ihumii is a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacillus. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4,433,668 bp long genome contains 4,076 protein-coding and 85 RNA genes, including 9 rRNA genes.
Reevaluating Reports of Defensive Medicine
Authors: Baicker Katherine , Wright Bill J. , Olson Nicole A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
There is ongoing policy debate about the potential for malpractice liability reform to reduce the use of defensive medicine and slow the growth of health care spending. The effectiveness of such policy levers hinges on the degree to which physicians respond to liability pressures by prescribing medically unnecessary care. Many estimates of this relationship are based on physician reports. We present new survey evidence on physician assessment of their own use of medically unnecessary care in response to medical liability and other pressures, including a randomized evaluation of the sensitivity of those responses to survey framing. We find that while use of such care is potentially quite prevalent, responses vary substantially based on survey framing, with the way the question is phrased driving differences in responses that are often as great as those driven by physician specialty or whether the physician has personally been named in a lawsuit. These results suggest that self-reported use of medically unnecessary care ought to be used with caution in the formulation of malpractice liability system reform.
Covered California: The Impact of Provider and Health Plan Market Power on Premiums
Authors: Scheffler Richard M. , Kessell Eric , Brandt Margareta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We explain the establishment of Covered California, California's health insurance marketplace. The marketplace uses an active purchaser model, which means that Covered California can selectively contract with some health plans and exclude others. During the 2014 open-enrollment period, it enrolled 1.3 million people, who are covered by eleven health plans. We describe the market shares of health plans in California and in each of the nineteen rating regions. We examine the empirical relationship between measures of provider market concentration — spanning health plans, hospitals, and medical groups — and rating region premiums. To do this, we analyze premiums for silver and bronze plans for specific age groups. We find both medical group concentration and hospital concentration to be positively associated with premiums, while health plan concentration is not statistically significant. We simulate the impact of reducing hospital concentration to levels that would exist in moderately competitive markets. This produces a predicted overall premium reduction of more than 2 percent. However, in three of the nineteen rating regions, the predicted premium reduction was more than 10 percent. These results suggest the importance of provider market concentration on premiums.
Activation of Isocyanides and Hydrosilanes by a Cationic [CCH] Subunit in a Tetrairon–Tetracarbon Cluster
Authors: Taniwaki Wataru , Ohta Shun , Okazaki Masaaki 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The reactivity of [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC-NC4H4N)](PF6)2 (1) toward isocyanides and hydrosilanes was examined. The reaction of 1 with tert-butyl isocyanide led to C(sp3)-N(sp) bond cleavage to give [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC-CN)](PF6) (2), 1-tert-butylpyrazinium salt, and isobutene. In the reactions with cyclohexyl and benzyl isocyanides, isocyanide adducts [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC-CNR)](PF6)2 (R = Cy (5), CH2Ph (6)) were obtained and further transformed to 2 (70 °C, 10 h for 5; RT, 120 h for 6). The reactions of 1 with aryl isocyanides such as 2,6-dimethylphenyl and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl isocyanides yielded thermally stable [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC-CNAr)](PF6)2 (Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (8), 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2 (9)). The Si–H bonds of R3SiH (R = Et, Ph), Ph2SiH2, and PhSiH3 were activated to give [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)2](PF6) together with the corresponding fluorosilanes. Coordination of the substrates with a cationic [CCH] subunit promoted the cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen and silicon–hydrogen bonds to give the products.
‘Don’t Call Me White’: Fashioning Sami Zayn’s Arabic and transnational identities
Authors: Roberts J. H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Though mainstream professional wrestling depends on and benefits from anglo-normative, Western hegemony, contemporary wrestling also subverts and parodies it. One character who can be read as white, Sami Zayn, undermines this hegemony through subtly asserting his Arabic and transnational identities. In wrestling, a character’s apparel functions as a metonym for the character, and with his tights Zayn counters mainstream Islamophobic discourse about Arabs post 9/11. Zayn’s tights are decorated with many national flags, Arabic characters and Roman letters to show he possesses a complex identity influenced by not only his ethnic heritage (Syrian) and country of birth (Canada), but every country he has visited and the cultures within them. His popularity and success allow a space within World Wrestling Entertainment for non-white characters to perform identities not limited to caricatures of their ethnic and racial backgrounds.
Synthesis of 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2, 6-dioxopurin-7-yl-substituted acetohydrazides and butanehydrazides as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna , Jankowska Agnieszka W. , Zygmunt Małgorzata , Pociecha Krzysztof , Wyska Elżbieta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A series of new 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl-substituted acetohydrazides and butanehydrazides 6–12 was synthesized and evaluated for the analgesic activity in two in vivo models: the writhing syndrome and the hot-plate tests. Among the investigated derivatives, compounds with N′-arylidenehydrazide moiety 9–12 show analgesic activity significantly higher than that of acetylsalicylic acid, which may indicate the importance of this structural element for analgesic properties. The lack of the activity in the hot-plate test may suggest that the analgesic activity of the newly synthesized compounds is mediated by a peripheral mechanism. The selected compounds 7 and 12 inhibit tumor necrosis factor α production in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, similarly to theophylline, which may confirm their anti-inflammatory properties.
Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline?
Authors: Mack Till Georg Alexander , Kreis Patricia , Eickholt Britta Johanna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Ageing is a complex deteriorating process that coincides with changes in metabolism, replicative senescence, increased resistance to apoptosis, as well as progressive mitochondria dysfunction that lead to an increase production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although controversy on the paradigm of the oxidative damage theory of ageing exists, persuasive studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast have demonstrated that manipulation of ROS can modify the process of ageing and influences the damage of proteins, lipids and DNA. In neurons, ageing impacts on the intrinsic neuronal excitability, it decreases the size of neuronal soma and induces the loss of dendrites and dendritic spines. The actin cytoskeleton is an abundant and broadly expressed system that plays critical functions in many cellular processes ranging from cell motility to controlling cell shape and polarity. It is thus hardly surprising that the expression and the function of actin in neurons is crucial for the morphological changes that occur in the brain throughout life. We propose that alterations in actin filament dynamics in dendritic spines may be one of the key events contributing to the initial phases of ageing in the brain.
Essay on Saving and Consumption
Authors: Fabris Nikola , Galić Jelena 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Consumption and saving decisions are at the heart of both short- and long-term macroeconomic analyses. Since the global crisis outbreak, one of the main issues for indebted countries has been whether to pursue a policy which promotes saving or to try to induce economic growth by increasing consumption. Consensus has not been reached on this issue, which is based on an old debate of whether a country should pursue a policy of Keynesianism or monetarism.
Ergo, this essay discusses arguments supporting both approaches, primarily through theoretical arguments of Keynesianism and monetarism. The authors concluded that in a crisis environment, consumption policy should be given priority; however, a precondition for this is that a country was not overburdened prior to the crisis outbreak, i.e. a successful crisis management policy should, in fact, be pursued over the periods of expansion.
Status of long-wave Auger suppressed HgCdTe detectors operating > 200 K
Authors: Martyniuk P. , Gawron W. , Stępień D. , Pawluczyk J. , Kębłowski A. , Madejczyk P. , Kopytko M. , Koźniewski A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report on the status of long-wave infrared Auger suppressed HgCdTe multilayer structures grown on GaAs substrates designed for high operating temperature condition: 200-300 K exhibiting, detectivity -10
The dominance order for permutations
Authors: Castronuovo Niccoló 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We define an order relation over Sn considering the Robinson-Schensted bijection and the dominance order over Young tableaux. This order relation makes Sn(k k - 1...3 2 1) -the set of permutations of length n that avoid the pattern k k - 1...3 2 1, k ≤ n- a principal filter in Sn. We study in detail these order relations on Sn(321) and Sn(4321), finding order-isomorphisms between these sets and sets of lattice paths.
Enumeration and Automatic Sequences
Authors: Shallit Jeffrey 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A sequence (an)n≥0 is k-automatic if there is a finite automaton that, on input n expressed in base k, reaches a state with output an. In this paper I will survey some recent advances concerning enumeration of various aspects of these sequences, such as the recurrence function, and the subword complexity (which counts the number of distinct blocks of length n).
Chronic Kidney Disease – Chronic Liver Disease. An Immunologic Cross-talk
Authors: Gluhovschi Gh. , Petrica Ligia , Sporea I. , Curescu Manuela , Velciov Silvia , Gluhovschi Cristina , Timar R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The relationship between the kidney and other organs is notable. The bestknown is the relation with the cardiovascular system. Relationships with other organs are less studied, although their involvement sometimes dominates the clinical picture and the outcome of disease.
The paper analyzes the kidney-liver relationship, namely chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease from an immune viewpoint. The immune system operates as a unitary whole. There is an interdependence between the immune system of the liver, considered a lymphoid organ, and the kidney, whose participation in immune processes is well-known.
The most important chronic liver diseases are viral hepatitis B and C. Infection with these viruses can lead to renal involvement, producing mainly glomerular disease.
At the same time, secondary glomerulonephritis can cause an unfavorable outcome of the primary disease.
The relationship between chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease during chronic B and C hepatitis occurs via circulating immune complexes or complexes formed in situ. Cell-mediated immunity is also involved.
The antiviral treatment of B and C hepatitis is also aimed at secondary glomerular disease.
The participation of immune mechanisms raises the question of administering immunomodulating medication, a type of medication that influences viral replication - this is why it is associated with antiviral medication.
Other two chronic liver diseases, namely liver cirrhosis, in which the main mechanism is a toxic one, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can produce via immune mechanisms glomerular involvement.
In its turn, chronic kidney disease in advanced stages causes lipid metabolism disturbances with hypertriglyceridemia, which can influence fatty loading of the liver in the above-mentioned liver diseases.
One can speak about a cross-talk between the liver and the kidney, in which immune mechanisms play an important role.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults. Pathologic Features and Prognosis
Authors: Marinescu Cristina , Vladareanu Ana-Maria , Mihai Felicia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphocyte precursor cells. Among adults it is a relatively rare neoplasm with a curability rate around 30% at 5 years. Currently, the diagnosis and classification of ALL is a multistep procedure that relies on the simultaneous application of multiple techniques that include: cytomorphology, immunophenotype and cytogenetic assays . Some of which have important clinical implications for both diagnosis and predicting response to specific treatment regimens, while the role of others is still to be defined. Over the years, several prognostic factors have been identified and today a risk stratification at diagnosis and during the follow -up is based on the characteristics of the leukemic cells.