bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal evolution of the optical field on a hohlraum wall at the rising edge of a flat-topped pulse
Authors: Jiao Zhaoyang , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Junyong , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConsidering the time delay in different hohlraum wall positions caused by oblique incidence, the spatio-temporal optical field distribution characteristics of a hohlraum wall, especially during the rising edge of a flat-topped pulse, is simulated by a fast Fourier transform method together with chromatography. Results demonstrate that beam propagation along the hohlraum wall is a push-broom process with complex dynamic spatial–temporal evolution. In the first few picoseconds, the optical intensity of the front position increases rapidly, while that of the rear position is relatively weak. The ratio $R$ of the optical intensity during the rising edge is smaller than that of the steady state. $R$ gradually increases and finally tends to the value of the steady state with time. Calculation also shows that, with shorter total width of the rising edge, $R$ of the optical field decreases and the difference compared to the steady state becomes larger. The evolution is more severe with smaller angle of inclination.
AUSLANDER GENERATORS AND HOMOLOGICAL CONJECTURES
Authors: WEI JIAQUN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet A be an artin algebra with representation dimension not more than 3. Assuming that AV is an Auslander generator and M ∈ addAV, we show that both findim(EndAM) and findim(EndAM)op are finite, and consequently the Gorenstein symmetry conjecture, the Wakamatsu-tilting conjecture and the generalized Nakayama conjecture hold for EndAM.
Rome in 1622
Authors: Yeames A. H. S. 
Published: August 2013

The following description of Rome, as it appeared to the eyes of an English traveller in 1622, is taken from an MS. diary in the British Museum (Harl. 6867), which occupies folios 27–40 of a quarto volume of miscellanea. The writer's name is unknown, but it may be conjectured that he was a Roman Catholic.The diary opens with a description of the Medici chapel at S. Lorenzo in Florence, which was often reckoned by English travellers among the wonders of Italy. The author goes on to give a account of a fund established by the Grand Dukes Ferdinand and Cosimo II. in order to give dowries every year to seventy poor maids. The money for the fund was provided by economies in the Dukes' funerals who wished, says the diarist, to be buried like poor men. After a visit to Pisa and Leghorn, where contrary winds prevented him from going by sea to Rome, our traveller went there by the usual posting road through Siena and Viterbo.
San Vincenzo without the walls — excavations 1996–7
Authors: Gilkes Oliver , Moran Matthew 
Published: August 2013

SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO — SCAVI DEL 1996–7In due brevi stagioni di scavo del 1996 e 1997 sono state effettuate la ricognizione e lo scavo di un sito sulla sponda orientale del flume Volturno, di fronte ai ben noti scavi del monastero altomedievale di San Vincenzo. La ragione dell'intervento é legata al riesame delle ipotesi effettuate in seguito alle ricognizioni sul campo degli anni '80, alia luce di quanto emerso nell'area dal 1990 grazie ad una serie di lavori di emergenza e ritrovamenti casuali. In particolare, sono state sollevate alcune questioni relative alia natura, dimensioni e topografia dell'insediamento nella zona dal periodo sannita fino al sesto secolo d.C. Sono stati identificati alcuni resti di strutture di età sannita-repubblicana (muri di pietrisco legato da terra), la più antica evidenza di un insediamento di periodo sannita del sito. Questo edificio fu seguito da una piccola villa (?) nel primo secolo d.C, sviluppatasi in seguito, a metá del terzo secolo, in una villa più grande (forse con un cortile?). Questa struttura fu completamente ricostruita nel 350 circa; gli edifici vennero demoliti (o crollarono) alia fine del quarto/inizio quinto secolo, e l'insediamento si trasferì sulla sponda occidentale del Volturno. É stata individuata dell'evidenza per un riuso del sito nell'ottavo e nono secolo sotto forma di scorie della produzione di ceramica e vetro — evidenza associata alia presenza di una comunità di artigiani laici altomedievali al di fuori del recinto claustrale.
L'Assetto Rurale in Età Arcaica ed in Età Romana Del Territorio Di Poggio Sommavilla (Sabina Tiberina)
Authors: Verga Flaminia 
Published: August 2013

RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE ARCHAIC AND ROMAN PERIODS IN THE AREA OF POGGIO SOMMAVILLA (SABINA TIBERINA)This paper presents the results of an historical and topographical survey carried out in the middle Tiber valley, more specifically in the Sabina Tiberina, in the area around Poggio Sommavilla. The survey focused particularly on the area under the present-day administration of theComuneof Stimigliano, with the aim of reconstructing the topographical layout of the Roman landscape. The field survey shed important new light on the nature of the archaic and Roman road network. In particular, as well as the Via Flaminia that runs along the western limits of the study area, another road was identified running in a broadly northeast-southwest direction, which appears to have formed the main trade route that served the area during both the archaic and Roman periods. Furthermore, the study of earlier maps, together with the evidence from the survey, has permitted the identification along the Tiber of a number of ancient ports, the positions of which were not known previously.It is interesting to note that the settlement pattern characteristic of the Iron Age, which favoured high plateaux overlooking the Tiber, continued into the archaic period. This appears to have had a significant impact on settlement of the Roman period, in that the earliest attested Roman villas in this area are those situated next to the Tiber. The development of the ‘phenomenon of the villa’ in the area of the Sabina Tiberina from the end of the Republican period (third to second centuries BC) is consistent with the results of studies in other parts of central Italy. The study of the pottery collected from settlements of the archaic period (Colle Rosetta) and the Roman period (San Sebastiano) confirms the importance of the Tiber as a trade route for commercial exchange.
Santa Scolastica: survey and trial excavations of a Samnite site near San Vincenzo al Volturno
Authors: Francis Karen , Gilkes Oliver J. , Hodges Richard , Tyler David 
Published: August 2013

SANTA SCOLASTICA: RICOGNIZIONE E SAGGI DI SCAVO DI UN SITO SANNITA PRESSO SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNOUn sito sulla parte bassa del pendio orientale di Monte Santa Croce venne esaminato come parte del programma di ricerca sugli insediamenti dipendenti dal monastero altomedievale di San Vincenzo al Volturno. Monte Santa Croce era stato precedentemente identificato come un centra sannita fortificato da mura poligonali dai resti consistenti visibili in cima. Ricognizioni passate avevano permesso il ritrovamento di materiale ceramico di età sannita ed altomedievale, mentre la tradizione orale locale associava il sito ad un convento dedicato a Santa Scolastica. Gli scavi hanno rivelato la presenza di una serie di strutture consistenti, probabilmente di quinto o quarto secolo AC, forse appartenenti ad un insediamento gerarchico situato a meta del pendio della montagna, intorno alia sommita fortificata e da essa dipendente. Siti di occupazioni successive sono noti grazie ad una ricognizione del 1993 a nord della montagna. La presenza di ceramica altomedievale rimane inspiegabile, e resta ancora da ricercare siti di insediamento altomedievale.
Tivoli not Ariccia: Gaspard Dughet's View of ‘Ariccia’ in the National Gallery, London
Authors: Marshall David R. 
Published: August 2013

TIVOLI E NON ARICCIA: LA VEDUTA DI ‘ARICCIA’ DI GASPARD DUGHET NELLA NATIONAL GALLERY, LONDRAIn questo articolo si identitica il soggetto principale del dipinto di Dughet conservato alla National Gallery di Londra, tradizionalmente identificato come una ‘Veduta di Ariccia’, con la Porta Sant'Angelo di Tivoli. La topografia del sito viene analizzata in relazione al dipinto di Dughet e ad altre rappresentazioni dello stesso luogo di Claude Lorrain, Gaspar van Wittel e Adriaen Honing.
Three South Etrurian ‘crises’: first results of the Tiber Valley Project
Authors: Patterson Helen , Di Giuseppe Helga , Witcher Rob 
Published: August 2013

LE TRE ‘CRISI’ DELL'ETRURIA MERIDIONALE: RISULTATI PRELIMINARI DEL PROGETTO VALLE DEL TEVERECon questo articolo si intende fornire un resoconto preliminare su alcuni dei risultati principali del progetto Valle del Tevere condotto dalla British School at Rome. Il lavoro si concentra sui risultati attenuti dal riesame dei materiali raccolti in occasione della South Etruria Survey e illustra come questi consentano di rivedere le precedenti interpretazioni proposte. Sono stati scelti tre casi-studio al fine di dimostrare come il progetto stia consentendo di ripensare i cambiamenti dei paesaggi della Media Valle del Tevere e, in particolare, di collocarli nel contesto del continuo e mutevole rapporto con Roma, durante i periodi storici di supposta ‘crisi’: il V–IV secolo a.C, il II secolo a.C. e il tardoantico–alto medioevo. Ogni periodo mostra differenti gradi di continuità e cambiamenti. Si è preferito pertanto adottare un termine neutrale come ‘trasformazione’, piuttosto che ‘crisi’ e situare ognuno di questi cambiamenti all'interno di una più lunga prospettiva storica e di una più ampia struttura interpretativa.
Lesser urban sites in the Tiber valley: Baccanae, Forum Cassii and Castellum Amerinum
Authors: Johnson Paul , Keay Simon , Millett Martin 
Published: August 2013

ABITATI MINORI NELLA VALLE DEL TEVERE: BACCANAE, FORUM CASSII E CASTELLUM AMERINUML'articolo presenta i risultati delle indagini geofisiche e topografiche condotte a Baccano, Forum Cassii e Castellum Amerinum, come parte del progetto ‘Città romane nella Media e Bassa Valle del Tevere’. I risultati forniscono nuove informazioni sulla struttura e sull'estensione di questi centri, integrando le evidenze raccolte in occasione degli scavi precedenti. A Baccano sono stati individuati nuovi elementi della planimetria del sito. A Forum Cassii è stato chiarito l'andamento della via Cassia in questo punto e sono state individuate nuove strutture, tra cui tombe e un possibile anfiteatro. Infine a Castellum Amerinum sono stati rintracciati il percorso della via Amerina e nuove strutture lungo la riva del Tevere. Si discute inoltre il rinvenimento da quest'ultimo sito di tre tegole con bollo.
Where was thenova via?
Authors: Wiseman T.P. 
Published: August 2013

DOV'ERA LANOVA VIA?Henry Hurst e Dora Cirone hanno individuato la presenza di una strada di VI secolo a.C., situata approssimativamente sullo stesso allineamento della strada neroniana chiamata ‘Nova Via’ da Lanciani. La domanda è, si tratta dellanoua uiaarcaica, come il titolo del loro articolo neiPapers of the British School at Rome71 (2003) lascia intendere? L'autore elenca le evidenze letterarie relative alianoua uiacon testi, traduzioni e commenti di ogni passaggio, dividendo le fonti in tre gruppi: quelle che legano lanoua uiacon (1) il tempio di Vesta, (2) con ilVelabrume (3) con il Tempio di Giove Statore. Lo scopo dell'esercizio non e quello di ofrrire una soluzione definitiva ad un problema, come è noto, complesso e controverso, ma di stabilire quanto più chiaramente possibile ciò che gli autori antichi realmente dicono è percio stimare la probabilità relativa delle varie ipotesi avanzate finora. La conclusione preliminare è che un corso basso dellanoua uiasia quello piu probabile e, quindi, che l'evidenza archeologica per essa è lontana dall'essere trovata.
A new interpretation of the ninth-century hilltop (Colle della Torre) at San Vincenzo al Volturno (prov. isernia, Molise)
Authors: Hodges Richard , Mitchell John 
Published: August 2013

UNA NUOVA INTERPRETAZIONE DELLA ROCCA (COLLE DELLA TORRE, IX SECOLO) A SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNOUlteriore lavoro alla rocca di Colle della Torre, San Vincenzo al Volturno, nel 1998 ha messo in luce una distribuzione degli edifici radicalmente diversa da quella pubblicata in R. Hodges (ed.), San Vincenzo al Volturno 2. The 1980-86 Excavations, Part II (London, 1995), 119–21. Parte di un edificio monumentale d'età classica è stata scoperta. La rocca fu sottoposta ad una modifica radicale nel periodo dell'espansione monastica del IX secolo, con la costruzione di due edifici volti ad ovest. Gli autori propongono delle ipotesi sull'identità di questi due edifici, in particolare alla luce delle note consacrazioni delle varie chiese all'interno del monastero alto medievale e della responsabilità degli abati per la loro costruzione. Viene suggerito che una delle due strutture debba essere identificata con la chiesa dell'Arcangelo Michele dell'abate Talarico.
The Goldsmiths of Rome under the Papal Authority: their Statutes hitherto discovered and a Bibliography
Authors: Churchill Sidney J. A. 
Published: August 2013

During over eight years I have been searching diligently for such material as is available to throw some light on the history of the Goldsmiths and Silversmiths of Italy and their Art. The following notes represent that portion of the material so gathered which refers to Rome.Treating of gold- and silverwork in Rome in a bold spirit one would be obliged to include almost all the most famous artists of all Italy, because, sooner or later, they nearly all gravitated to Rome. In thus flocking to the Papal Court and to the head of the Church of Rome, they went to the principal source of patronage of the Arts in Italy.
Drawings of Ancient Paintings in English Collections. II.—IV.
Authors: Ashby Thomas 
Published: August 2013

In the present volume of the Papers of the British School at Rome I continue my description of certain groups of copies of ancient paintings preserved in English Collections (see Papers, vol. vii. pp. 1–62).The two volumes of drawings at Holkham Hall, the property of the Earl of Leicester, were described generally in vol. vii. pp. 1–5. The coloured drawings and the pencil sketches with colour-notes are alike the work of Francesco Bartoli (ca. 1675–ca. 1730), the son of the better-known Pietro Sante Bartoli. As to the character of his work, I may refer the reader to vol. vii. l.c. The numbers in brackets after the serial numbers are those which are found on the drawings themselves.Mr. Baddeley's volume of drawings executed by Pietro Sante Bartoli for Cardinal Camillo Massimi was described by me in the Papers, vol. vi. p. 489.The drawings at Chatsworth I have attributed (vol. vii. p. 3) to Gaetano Piccini. My attention was called to them by Mrs. S. A. Strong.
Roman Milestones in Cyrenaica
Authors: Goodchild R. G. 
Published: August 2013

The ancient coast road of Libya which runs close to the shore from Berenice (Benghasi) to Teuchira (Tocra) and Ptolemais (Tolmeita) later swings inland to reach Cyrene, and climbs to the second plateau of the Gebel Akhdar (some 500 metres above sea-level), which it reaches in the vicinity of Messa. From Messa eastwards the road can be traced without difficulty, in the form of a shallow cutting in the rock (probably of Greek origin), to Zavia Beda where the remains of the Roman town of Balagrae are still visible. On the Peutinger Map Balagrae is marked as 12 Roman miles from Cyrene, and this figure is accurate if one follows the course of the old road from Beda to the south gate of Cyrene. For its last three kilometres before reaching Cyrene, the ancient road is very clearly visible as a sunk track cut in the rock, with numerous wheel-ruts, and with ancient tombs flanking it. It is far from straight and makes several sharp bends, but there is no indication that Roman engineers attempted to eliminate these eccentricities when the road became one of the highways of the Empire.Roman milestones previously found in the area of Cyrene have all come from the Cyrene—Apollonia road, and the Trajanic column which marked the first mile on that route was found in 1915 by Italian military engineers in the course of bringing back into use the long-abandoned Roman road, which descends the upper escarpment of the Gebel. The column is now in the Museum at Cyrene, but its exact original site can be identified from photographs taken at the time of its discovery: it stood a little east of the large circular tomb immediately below the gallery which now houses the greater part of the ancient sculpture from the Italian excavations.
The Camel in Roman Tripolitania
Authors: Brogan Olwen 
Published: August 2013

It is impossible for us, even in these days of land-rovers and jeeps, to imagine a North African landscape without a camel in it, yet the animal is nowhere to be found on the numerous Roman mosaics with scenes of country life in the museums of Algeria, Tunisia, and Tripolitania. Only two ancient writers before Ammianus Marcellinus refer to the camel in North Africa, one specifically, the other by implication. The fact that the camel spread over this region—Africa Proconsular is, Numidia and Mauretania—some time during the Roman period is, however, generally accepted. What is not clear is when and how this happened. The purpose of this note is to publish the photograph of a relief from a Tripolitanian tomb (Pl. XVIII), in the hope that it may be a small contribution to the discussion of the problem, at least as far as Tripolitania is concerned.The evidence has often been studied. The earliest mention of the camel in the Maghreb is the note in the Bellum Africanum to the effect that twenty-two camels belonging to King Juba were captured during the skirmishing in the campaign which led up to the Battle of Thapsus (45 B.C.). It is not known how Juba obtained his twenty two camels, or whether other rich Numidians owned any, and there is no hint of the presence of the beast in Punic times. The second notice comes in the work of the late third-century African Christian, Arnobius of Sicca, who writes of the camel kneeling down when it is being loaded or unloaded.
Appunti sulla Topografia di Pyrgi
Authors: Castagnoli F. , Cozza L. 
Published: August 2013

Pyrgi, cittadina etrusca e colonia romana, posta sulle coste del Tirreno fra Roma e Civitavecchia, fu visitata e descritta da molti archeologi e topografi del secolo scorso, ma non é stata oggetto di studi topografici recenti. Queste brevi note vogliono illustrare con maggior precisione alcuni punti fondamentali della sua topografia. La ricerca é stata molto facilitata dall'uso delle fotografie aeree esistenti nella Scuola Britannica, una delle quali ripresa nel maggio 1944 é qui riprodotta (pl. III; cfr. fig. 1, dove indichiamo gli elementi ricavati dalla fotografia o accertati sul terreno e, a trattini, le linee fondamentali della topografia moderna).Sul luogo di Pyrgi esiste oggi il castello di Santa Severa (pl. IV, a) al quale conduce una breve strada che si distacca dall'Aurelia al chilometro 52,550. Un recinto medievale di fortificazione con piccole torri sporgenti, costruito in blocchetti quadrangolari di arenaria, fa capo ad un'alta rocca quadrilatera con torri ai quattro angoli. Separate da essa e collegato solamente con un aereo ponte di legno é il torrione maestro cilindrico, in posizione dominante sulla riva del mare.Una memoria del martirio di Santa Severa si legge negli Acta Sanctorum 29 gennaio vol. ii, p. 946 sg. dove si hanno le seguenti determinazioni topografiche: Centumcellae, milliario XXXV ab urbe iuxta mare … in loco qui dicitur Pignus.
Sutri (Sutrium) (Notes on Southern Etruria, 3)
Authors: Duncan Guy 
Published: August 2013

The modern town of Sutri lies 50 km. north of Rome, beside the Via Cassia, on the site of the ancient Sutrium (pl. X, a, b). It was already in existence in Etruscan times, passed to the Romans at the beginning of the fourth century b.c., was twice colonised by them and reached a peak of prosperity under the early Empire. It continued to flourish in the early Middle Ages, but a rapid decline set in after the fourteenth century and the town to-day is comparatively modest and unimportant.The following report is concerned mainly with the ancient town and with a typical area of the surrounding countryside (7 km. × 12 km. in extent), as it was in Etruscan and Roman times (fig. 1, p. 64). It is chiefly a record of the archaeological remains found in the area during five months' fieldwork in the winter and spring, 1957–1958, undertaken as part of the British School's current programme of survey in southern Etruria, which is designed to record permanently such remains before they disappear for ever, as they are fast doing.The antiquities of the ancient town itself are already well known and have been described several times in the past. But, apart from occasional references to isolated finds and an attempt towards the end of the last century to map the ancient roads, the countryside outside the town has never been properly explored. The bulk of the original work, therefore, lies in sections III and IV. The Etruscan and the Roman roads have been located, as far as is possible, and all the sites which are still to be found have been recorded. In certain areas present-day woodland concealed a few, notably round the small town of Bassano di Sutri and towards the summit of M. Calvi, south of Sutri, and cultivation in the immediate vicinity of the modern towns may have destroyed a few more, especially near Ronciglione; but at the most it is probable that only about 20 sites were lost or missed in this way, as opposed to a total recorded of some 220. Except for woodland, all the ground within the limits of the area chosen was walked over and examined.
A Note on Five Inscriptions in Swansea
Authors: Ling Roger 
Published: August 2013

The following five inscriptions, three of which were noted in Rome in the eighteenth century, while the other two are unpublished, have found their way to the Royal Institution of South Wales at Swansea.1. Plate X, a. White marble plaque, sub-rectangular in form, but with top right corner broken away (33·5 × 29·0 × 3·25). Top and bottom edges smooth; sides very roughly cut; back flat and smooth over much of surface, but chipped away to nearly half thickness at top, and a smooth ledge cut along bottom. Dowel holes drilled at two points in step created by latter (shallower hole at one side looks modern, deeper hole at middle looks ancient) and at centre of left edge. Some scratches at back, especially along top ledge and at bottom right corner, also look modern.Letters: 1. 1, 2.7; 1. 2, 2.3; 11. 3–5, 2.0; 11. 6–7, 1.7; 1. 8, 2.2. Ligature of Ӕ at end of 1.3. Stops generally triangles of various sizes, pointing down and a little to the right, but sometimes comma-like; in all the usual places, as well as at end of lines 2, 4, 6, 7.
Notes on Theodor Schreiber'sHellenistische Reliefbilder
Authors: Sampson Jean 
Published: August 2013

In hisHellenistische Reliefbilderpublished from 1889 to 1894 Schreiber illustrated 131 objects, mostly relief panels, but also glass, stucco and drawings. His collection included most of the so-called landscape reliefs of any importance, and here lies its value for the modern student. Schreiber did not accompany this lithographic collection with a commentary and it is the intention of this article to present as much information as can be gathered about the objects illustrated.Schreiber's other writings make it clear that he considered these objects as Hellenistic products of Alexandria. F. Wickhoff in hisWiener Genesis(translated by Mrs. A. Strong, 1900) held that landscape reliefs were a branch of Roman art. Thus began the controversy which still rages today over the origin of landscape reliefs. The protagonists have ranged themselves on the side of Schreiber or Wickhoff, with an occasional voice raised in support of Asia Minor as source of these reliefs (P. Perdrizet, 1906,RA, 225–35); at present the Alexandrianists seem to be dominant. The landscape reliefs themselves, however, have never before been studied thoroughly and arguments have largely been based on unjustifiable assumptions from similarity of subject matter between reliefs of unknown provenance.