bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Stress Fracture in a Homo antecessor Metatarsal from Gran Dolina Site (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Martin‐Francés L. , Martinon‐Torres M. , Gracia‐Téllez A. , Bermúdez de Castro J. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present the palaeopathological analysis of a right fourth metatarsal (ATD6‐124) recovered from the Atapuerca–Gran Dolina site (Spain). This fossil, ca. 1 Ma, belongs to Homo antecessor, the earliest known European hominin species. The metatarsal exhibits a proliferative lesion on its medial periosteal surface. Periosteal reaction can be the bone response to a wide number of injurious processes. We describe a lesion on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic analyses, including microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. Externally, the osteoblastic lesion presents a highly porotic and disorganised morphology. Internally, we observe a series of micro‐fractures on the compact bone that do not affect the medullary canal. We provide a differential diagnosis and suggest that the ATD6‐124 lesion could correspond to a pedal stress fracture, also known as fatigue or march fracture. Stress fractures have been related to a load increase and muscular fatigue. This type of fracture has been widely reported in the foot of soldiers and athletes, which are usually engaged in strenuous, excessive or prolonged locomotive activities. Despite its high frequency in these groups, stress fractures have not been reported as such in fossil collections, with the exception of a metatarsal belonging to the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable temperature probe monitoring ‐ Favorable esophageal motion for consistent probe contact during atrial fibrillation catheter ablation
Authors: Esato Masahiro , Kida Yoshitomi , Nishina Naoto , Mani Hiroki , Kitajima Hiroki , Sato Daisuke , Chun YeongHwa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLeft atrial‐esophageal (LA‐Eso) fistula is now a well‐recognized and fatal complication of percutaneous catheter ablation performed using radiofrequency energy for atrial fibrillation (AF). We noted an important esophageal motion during temperature monitoring by a multipolar sensing probe, which could resolve several potential concerns of accurate esophageal temperature measurement and could consequently minimize esophageal injuries including LA‐Eso fistulas during catheter ablation for AF.
An immunohistochemical study of verrucous hemangiomas
Authors: Trindade Felicidade , Torrelo Antonio , Requena Luis , Tellechea Óscar , Del Pozo Jesus , Sacristán Felipe , Esteve‐Martínez Altea , de Unamuno Blanca , de Miquel Víctor Alegre , Colmenero Isabel 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAccording to the International Society for the study of vascular Anomalies, vascular anomalies are classified as vascular neoplasms and vascular malformations. In some vascular lesions, categorization as a neoplasm or malformation has not been established with confidence so far. In order to further clarify the nosology of verrucous hemangioma, we studied 13 cases.ObjectiveTo analyze immunohistochemical characteristics of verrucous hemangiomas in order to gain further insight in its histogenesis.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review. Immunohistochemical expression for Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), Glut‐1 and D2‐40 was performed in 13 cases.ResultsImmunohistochemistry performed with Glut‐1 and WT1 showed positive staining in all lesions. All verrucous hemangiomas lacked D2‐40 immunostaining.ConclusionsThis is the first report in the literature investigating WT1 in verrucous hemangioma in order to further clarify the nosology of this vascular anomaly. Despite the clinical features of verrucous hemangioma, which are similar to those seen in vascular malformations, verrucous hemangioma exhibited an immunoprofile similar to vascular neoplasms, according to WT1 and Glut‐1 positivity.
Radical protection in the visible and infrared by a hyperforin‐rich cream – in vivo versus ex vivo methods
Authors: Arndt Sophia , Haag Stefan F. , Kleemann Anke , Lademann Juergen , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe formation of radicals plays an important role in the development of atopic eczema or barrier‐disrupted skin. We evaluated the radical scavenging effect of a cream containing a Hypericum perforatum extract rich in hyperforin in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study on 11 healthy volunteers. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to determine radical formation during VIS/NIR irradiation of the inner forearm. The results were compared to ex vivo investigations on excised porcine ear skin after a single application of the creams. The non‐treated skin was measured as control. The absolute values and the kinetics are not comparable for ex vivo and in vivo radical formation. Whereas in vivo, the radical production decreases with time, it remains stable ex vivo over the investigated timescale. Nevertheless, ex vivo methods could be developed to estimate the protection efficiency of creams. In vivo as well as ex vivo, the radical formation could be reduced by almost 80% when applying the hyperforin‐rich cream onto the skin, whereas placebo resulted in about 60%. In vivo, a daylong protection effect could be validated after a 4‐week application time of the cream indicating that a regular application is necessary to obtain the full effect.
Contraception and Headache
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne 
Published: February 2013

Most women have used at least 1 method of contraception during their reproductive years, with the majority favoring combined oral contraceptives. Women are often concerned about the safety of their method of choice and also ask about likely effects on their pre‐existing headache or migraine and restrictions on using their headache medication.While there should be no restriction to the use of combined hormonal contraceptives by women with migraine without aura, the balance of risks vs benefits for women with aura are debatable. Migraine with aura, but not migraine without aura, is associated with a twofold increased risk of ischemic stroke, although the absolute risk is very low in healthy, nonsmoking women. Although ethinylestradiol has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, the risk is dose‐dependent. Low‐dose pills currently used are considerably safer than pills containing higher doses of ethinylestradiol but they are not risk‐free.This review examines the evidence available regarding the effect that different methods of contraception have on headache and migraine and identifies strategies available to minimize risk and to manage specific triggers such as estrogen “withdrawal” headache and migraine associated with combined hormonal contraceptives. The independent risks of ischemic stroke associated with migraine and with hormonal contraceptives are reviewed, and guidelines for use of contraception by women with migraine are discussed in light of the current evidence.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lehnen Nils C , von Mässenhausen Anne , Kalthoff Holger , Zhou Hui , Glowka Tim , Schütte Ute , Höller Tobias , Riesner Katarina , Boehm Diana , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Kirfel Jutta , Perner Sven , Gütgemann Ines 
Published: February 2013

AimsPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are chemoresistant, resulting in extremely poor survival of patients; therefore, novel molecular targets, even in small subsets of genetically characterized tumours, are urgently needed. Tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (TKIs) are already in clinical use. The aims of this study were to examine the gene copy number and expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in 155 patients with PDAC, and investigate the effects of the FGFR‐specific inhibitor BGJ398 on FGFR1‐amplified pancreatic tumour cells in vitro.Methods and resultsFluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical analysis of 155 PDACs were performed using tissue microarrays. Amplification of FGFR1 was found in 2.6% (4/155) of cases. Four per cent of tumours (5/125) were shown to express FGFR1 by immunohistochemistry. Sequence analysis demonstrated an activating KRAS mutation (exon 2) in all FGFR1‐amplified cases. The FGFR1‐amplified pancreatic carcinoma cell line PT45P1 showed high levels of FGFR1 mRNA and protein expression. Proliferation of this cell line can be inhibited using the FGFR1 inhibitor BGJ398.ConclusionsFGFR1 represents a potential new therapeutic target in a subset of patients harbouring FGFR1‐amplified tumours. Identification of pancreatic cancers harbouring FGFR1 amplification may be important in preselecting patients and/or interpreting clinical studies using TKIs.
Human periodontal ligament fibroblast responses to compression in chronic periodontitis
Authors: El‐Awady Ahmed R. , Lapp Carol A. , Gamal Ahmed Y. , Sharawy Mohamed M. , Wenger Karl H. , Cutler Christopher W. , Messer Regina L. W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTest whether human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) retain homeostatic responses to a physiological compressive force during chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsSix cell lines were established from periodontally healthy individuals (H‐PDLFs) and another six were cultured from patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (D‐PDLFs). Compressive force at 150 psi was applied to H‐and D‐PDLFs for 3 h on 2 consecutive days. After compression, comparisons between H‐and D‐PDLFs were performed by gene expression analysis of IL‐6, proteases and 84 inflammation‐related targets using real‐time PCR.ResultsCompression of H‐PDLFs resulted in a significant increase only in MMP‐1 mRNA. In contrast, the same compressive force on D‐PDLFs produced significant increases in the expression of MMPs‐1,‐7,‐9 and ‐16. Moreover, compression of H‐PDLFs resulted in down‐regulation of IL‐6, while IL‐6 was significantly up‐regulated in compressed D‐PDLFs. Compression of H‐PDLFs slightly up‐regulated 3 and significantly down‐regulated 15 inflammation‐related genes, while the same treatment strongly up‐regulated 21 inflammation‐related genes in D‐PDLFs.ConclusionThese results suggest a fundamental difference in the inflammatory response of healthy versus diseased PDLFs under physiological compression. Maintenance of these characteristics in vitro suggests that these cells may be at least partly responsible for the persistence of inflammation and localized susceptibility in chronic periodontitis.
Disparities in Knowledge of Mouth or Throat Cancer Among Rural Floridians
Authors: Riley Joseph L. , Pomery Elizabeth A. , Dodd Virginia J. , Muller Keith E. , Guo Yi , Logan Henrietta L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine risk factors for reduced mouth or throat cancer (MTC) knowledge using a sample of rural North Floridian adults.MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted across rural census tracts throughout North Florida in 2009‐2010, using a survey adapted for cultural appropriateness. The sample consisted of 2,393 individuals (1,059 males and 1,334 females; 1,681 whites and 712 blacks).FindingsOnly 9% of the study respondents indicated they had not heard of MTC; however, only 12% endorsed knowing “a lot.” Higher education levels and health literacy indicated they had more MTC knowledge. Among female participants, whites had more knowledge than blacks (OR = 1.9). Among black participants, males had more knowledge than females (OR = 1.7). Conversely, greater concern with MTC was associated with lower education levels, health literacy, and financial status, but higher depression scores. Awareness that excessive sun exposure is a risk factor for MTC was lower than for earlier studies using more urban samples.ConclusionsThis study adds to the literature on MTC knowledge and concern because this sample was drawn exclusively from rural populations in North Florida, a group with the highest MTC morbidity and mortality. An unanticipated finding was that blacks were more concerned than their white rural counterparts. This study was also the first to report that depression was associated with increased concern about MTC. The goal is to persuade at‐risk groups to obtain MTC screenings with the goal of reducing disparities in MTC whenever they occur.
Citizen Control: Race at the Welfare Office
Authors: Ernst Rose , Nguyen Linda , Taylor Kamilah C. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesIndividual relationships to the state are shaped through encounters with a variety of institutions. Little scholarly attention has been devoted to how citizenship is shaped through everyday interactions with the social service arm of the state through local “welfare” offices. In Washington State, one‐third of all residents are served by the state's primary social service agency. Does this state agency send different messages about citizenship to individuals according to race? We examine this question through encounters of individuals with front‐line welfare office staff.MethodsUsing a systematic audit method, we collected data from 54 Community Service Offices in Washington State to explore messages sent to individuals.ResultsWe find consistent relationships between race and the quantity of information received and the quality of the interaction with the representatives of the state.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that the state reinforces notions of both belonging and marginalization through patterns of racialized encounters with the state.
Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Food- and Waterborne Pathogens by Use of Microfluidic Quantitative PCR
Authors: Ishii Satoshi , Segawa Takahiro , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The direct quantification of multiple pathogens has been desired for diagnostic and public health purposes for a long time. In this study, we applied microfluidic quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology to the simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple food- and waterborne pathogens. In this system, multiple singleplex qPCR assays were run under identical detection conditions in nanoliter-volume chambers that are present in high densities on a chip. First, we developed 18 TaqMan qPCR assays that could be run in the same PCR conditions by using prevalidated TaqMan probes. Specific and sensitive quantification was achieved by using these qPCR assays. With the addition of two previously validated TaqMan qPCR assays, we used 20 qPCR assays targeting 10 enteric pathogens, a fecal indicator bacterium (general
Escherichia coli
), and a process control strain in the microfluidic qPCR system. We preamplified the template DNA to increase the sensitivity of the qPCR assays. Our results suggested that preamplification was effective for quantifying small amounts of the template DNA without any major impact on the sensitivity, efficiency, and quantitative performance of qPCR. This microfluidic qPCR system allowed us to detect and quantify multiple pathogens from fecal samples and environmental water samples spiked with pathogens at levels as low as 100 cells/liter. These results suggest that the routine monitoring of multiple pathogens in food and water samples is now technically feasible. This method may provide more reliable information for risk assessment than the current fecal contamination indicator approach.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Burkholderia cepacia Tyrosine Kinase
bceF
Mutant Reveals a Role in Tolerance to Stress, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence
Authors: Ferreira Ana S. , Silva Inês N. , Oliveira Vítor H. , Becker Jörg D. , Givskov Michael , Ryan Robert P. , Fernandes Fábio , Moreira Leonilde M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The bacterial tyrosine-kinase (BY-kinase) family comprises the major group of bacterial enzymes endowed with tyrosine kinase activity. We previously showed that the BceF protein from
Burkholderia cepacia
IST408 belongs to this BY-kinase family and is involved in the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide cepacian. However, little is known about the extent of regulation of this protein kinase activity. In order to examine this regulation, we performed a comparative transcriptome profile between the
bceF
mutant and wild-type
B. cepacia
IST408. The analyses led to identification of 630 genes whose expression was significantly changed. Genes with decreased expression in the
bceF
mutant were related to stress response, motility, cell adhesion, and carbon and energy metabolism. Genes with increased expression were related to intracellular signaling and lipid metabolism. Mutation of
bceF
led to reduced survival under heat shock and UV light exposure, reduced swimming motility, and alteration in biofilm architecture when grown
in vitro
. Consistent with some of these phenotypes, the
bceF
mutant demonstrated elevated levels of cyclic-di-GMP. Furthermore, BceF contributed to the virulence of
B. cepacia
for larvae of the Greater wax moth,
Galleria mellonella
. Taken together, BceF appears to play a considerable role in many cellular processes, including biofilm formation and virulence. As homologues of BceF occur in a number of pathogenic and plant-associated
Burkholderia
strains, the modulation of bacterial behavior through tyrosine kinase activity is most likely a widely occurring phenomenon.
Effect of Tannic Acid on the Transcriptome of the Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5
Authors: Lim Chee Kent , Penesyan Anahit , Hassan Karl A. , Loper Joyce E. , Paulsen Ian T. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Tannins are a diverse group of plant-produced, polyphenolic compounds with metal-chelating and antimicrobial properties that are prevalent in many soils. Using transcriptomics, we determined that tannic acid, a form of hydrolysable tannin, broadly affects the expression of genes involved in iron and zinc homeostases, sulfur metabolism, biofilm formation, motility, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the soil- and rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium
Pseudomonas protegens
Pf-5.
Genome Sequencing Identifies Two Nearly Unchanged Strains of Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Isolated at Two Different Fish Processing Plants Sampled 6 Years Apart
Authors: Holch Anne , Webb Kristen , Lukjancenko Oksana , Ussery David , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Gram Lone 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a food-borne human-pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections with a high mortality rate. It has a remarkable ability to persist in food processing facilities. Here we report the genome sequences for two
L. monocytogenes
strains (N53-1 and La111) that were isolated 6 years apart from two different Danish fish processers. Both strains are of serotype 1/2a and belong to a highly persistent DNA subtype (random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] type 9). We demonstrate using
in silico
analyses that both strains belong to the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) type ST121 that has been isolated as a persistent subtype in several European countries. The purpose of this study was to use genome analyses to identify genes or proteins that could contribute to persistence. In a genome comparison, the two persistent strains were extremely similar and collectively differed from the reference lineage II strain, EGD-e. Also, they differed markedly from a lineage I strain (F2365). On the proteome level, the two strains were almost identical, with a predicted protein homology of 99.94%, differing at only 2 proteins. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences were seen between the two strains; in contrast, N53-1 and La111 differed from the EGD-e reference strain by 3,942 and 3,471 SNPs, respectively. We included a persistent
L. monocytogenes
strain from the United States (F6854) in our comparisons. Compared to nonpersistent strains, all three persistent strains were distinguished by two genome deletions: one, of 2,472 bp, typically contains the gene for
inlF
, and the other, of 3,017 bp, includes three genes potentially related to bacteriocin production and transport (
lmo2774
,
lmo2775
, and the 3′-terminal part of
lmo2776
). Further studies of highly persistent strains are required to determine if the absence of these genes promotes persistence. While the genome comparison did not point to a clear physiological explanation of the persistent phenotype, the remarkable similarity between the two strains indicates that subtypes with specific traits are selected for in the food processing environment and that particular genetic and physiological factors are responsible for the persistent phenotype.
Evolution, Multiple Acquisition, and Localization of Endosymbionts in Bat Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae)
Authors: Morse Solon F. , Bush Sarah E. , Patterson Bruce D. , Dick Carl W. , Gruwell Matthew E. , Dittmar Katharina 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBat flies are a diverse clade of obligate ectoparasites on bats. Like most blood-feeding insects, they harbor endosymbiotic prokaryotes, but the origins and nature of these symbioses are still poorly understood. To expand the knowledge of bacterial associates in bat flies, the diversity and evolution of the dominant endosymbionts in six of eight nominal subfamilies of bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) were studied. Furthermore, the localization of endosymbionts and their transmission across developmental stages within the family Streblidae were explored. The results show diverse microbial associates in bat flies, with at least four ancestral invasions of distantly related microbial lineages throughout bat fly evolution. Phylogenetic relationships support the presence of at least two novel symbiont lineages (here clades B and D), and extend the geographic and taxonomic range of a previously documented lineage (“CandidatusAschnera chinzeii”; here clade A). Although these lineages show reciprocally monophyletic clusters with several bat fly host clades, their phylogenetic relationships generally do not reflect current bat fly taxonomy or phylogeny. However, within some endosymbiont clades, congruent patterns of symbiont-host divergence are apparent. Other sequences identified in this study fall into the widely distributed, highly invasive, insect-associatedArsenophonuslineage and may be the result of symbiont replacements and/or transient infections (here clade C). Vertical transmission of endosymbionts of clades B and D is supported by fluorescent signal (fluorescentin situhybridization [FISH]) and microbial DNA detection across developmental stages. The fluorescent bacterial signal is consistently localized within structures resembling bacteriomes, although their anatomical position differs by host fly clade. In summary, the results suggest an obligate host-endosymbiont relationship for three of the four known symbiont clades associated with bat flies (clades A, B, and D).