bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Outpatients in an Addictions Clinic for Co‐occurring Disorders
Authors: Malat Jan , Turner Nigel E. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesTo examine characteristics of treatment‐seeking outpatients from a clinic for co‐occurring disorders within an urban psychiatric hospital.MethodsPatients (n = 131) completed six self‐report scales including the Brief Symptom Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale.ResultsThe most common substance use disorders were: alcohol (62%), tobacco (50%), cannabis (22%), cocaine/stimulants (18%). The most common psychiatric disorders were: mood (65%), psychotic (24%) and anxiety disorders (24%). Many of the scales correlated with the global psychiatric severity score. Patients with mood disorders had superior interpersonal functioning global scores and reported reduced drug use and reduced advice seeking. Patients with psychotic disorders had higher global psychiatric severity scores and reported higher advice seeking.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThis preliminary study indicates that among a heterogeneous sample of patients with co‐occurring disorders the more symptomatic patients may present with a wider range of impairments along with some specific differences based on psychiatric diagnosis. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:297–301)
An Observation of Lower Rates of Drug Use over Time in Community Syringe Exchangers
Authors: Kidorf Michael , King Van L. , Peirce Jessica , Kolodner Ken , Brooner Robert K. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe present study evaluated changes in rates of self‐reported heroin and cocaine use in opioid‐dependent individuals newly registered to a syringe exchange program (SEP), and examined the effects of recovery‐oriented longitudinal variables (i.e., substance abuse treatment, self‐help group participation, employment) on changes in drug use.MethodsStudy participants (n = 240) were opioid‐dependent and drawn from a larger study evaluating strategies to improve treatment‐seeking. Mixed model analyses were used to evaluate changes in rates of heroin and cocaine use, and longitudinal correlates of change in these substances, over a one‐year period.ResultsResults showed reductions in days of heroin and cocaine use over time, and that participation in recovery‐oriented activities was strongly associated with greater changes in drug use.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThese results suggest SEPs can play a vital role in facilitating reductions in drug use through motivating participation in treatment and other recovery‐oriented activities. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:271–276)
Buprenorphine + Naloxone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence during Pregnancy—Initial Patient Care and Outcome Data
Authors: Debelak Kimber , Morrone William R. , O'Grady Kevin E. , Jones Hendrée E. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesResearch has indicated that the buprenorphine‐mono product yields maternal outcomes similar to methadone and a less severe neonatal abstinence syndrome. However, maternal and neonatal outcomes following buprenorphine + naloxone exposure during pregnancy have not been documented.MethodsRetrospective chart review identified 10 opioid‐dependent pregnant women treated with the buprenorphine + naloxone film product between January, 2010‐June, 2011. Seven maternal outcome measures – weight gain, fetal presentation at delivery, Cesarean delivery, analgesia during delivery, urine drug screening results at delivery, number of days of maternal hospital stay, and began breastfeeding following delivery—and eleven neonatal outcome measures—gestational age at delivery, 1‐ and 5‐minute Apgar scores, head circumference, length, and weight at birth, treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), total amount of morphine sulfate needed to treat NAS, length of hospital stay for NAS treatment, and length of hospital stay—were extracted from medical records.ResultsMaternal findings were unremarkable, and comparable with what might be found following treatment with the buprenorphine‐mono product. Neonates were full‐term with normal birth parameters. Four neonates were treated for NAS, and number of days treated for NAS and number of hospital days were in line with values reported for the buprenorphine‐mono product.ConclusionsFindings suggest no obvious significant adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes related to the use of buprenorphine + naloxone for the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy.Scientific SignificanceThese initial findings underscore the need for future research to systematically examine the relative safety and effectiveness of buprenorphine + naloxone for mother, fetus, and child. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:252–254)
The Role of Drinking Severity on Sex Risk Behavior and HIV Exposure among Illicit Drug Users
Authors: Scherer Michael , Trenz Rebecca , Harrell Paul , Mauro Pia , Latimer William 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThe current study examined how drinking severity among injection and non‐injection drug users is associated with sex risk behaviors and risk of HIV exposure.MethodThe study is a secondary analysis of an investigation of risk factors among drug users in Baltimore known as the NEURO‐HIV epidemiologic study. Participants (N = 557) completed an interview, self‐reported 30‐day alcohol use, lifetime injection and non‐injection drug use, and provided blood samples to screen for HIV. Participants were grouped into one of three drinking severity conditions: abstinent (no reported alcohol use in prior 30 days), moderate alcohol use (≤30 drinks for females, or ≤60 drinks for males), or problematic alcohol use (>30 drinks for females, or >60 drinks for males). Drinking severity groups were significantly different on lifetime injection drug use, heroin injection, snorting/sniffing cocaine, and smoking crack.ResultsLogistic regression analyses found problematic alcohol users to be more likely than alcohol abstainers to inject drugs before or during sex (AOR = 5.78; 95% CI = 2.07–16.10), and more likely than moderate alcohol users to use alcohol before/during sex (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI = 2.09–11.81), inject drugs before/during sex (AOR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.29–6.80), and to be HIV+ among Black participants (AOR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.14–6.49).ConclusionsThese results outline the necessity for research and clinical intervention among this population to reduce sex risk behaviors and potential HIV exposure, while highlighting the need to examine drinking severity as a predictor of sex risk behaviors. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:239–245)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cannabis Use Characteristics among Military Veterans with Cannabis Dependence
Authors: Boden Matthew Tyler , Babson Kimberly A. , Vujanovic Anka A. , Short Nicole A. , Bonn‐Miller Marcel O. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe present study is the first to explore links between PTSD and cannabis use characteristics immediately prior to a cannabis quit attempt, including motives, use problems, withdrawal, and craving.MethodsMeasures of PTSD diagnosis, symptom severity, and cannabis use characteristics were administered to a sample of cannabis dependent military veterans (n = 94). Hypotheses were tested with a series of analyses of variance and covariance and hierarchical multiple regressions with Bonferroni corrections. Analyses were conducted with and without adjusting for variance shared with substance use (cannabis, alcohol, tobacco) in the previous 90 days, and co‐occurring mood, anxiety, and substance use diagnoses.Results and ConclusionsCompared to participants without PTSD, participants with PTSD reported significantly increased: (a) use of cannabis to cope, (b) severity of cannabis withdrawal, and (c) experiences of craving related to compulsivity, emotionality, and anticipation, with findings regarding coping and craving remaining significant after adjusting for covariates. Among the total sample, PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with (a) use of cannabis to cope, (b) cannabis use problems, (c) severity of cannabis withdrawal, and (d) experiences of craving related to compulsivity and emotionality, with findings regarding withdrawal and emotion‐related craving remaining significant after adjusting for covariates. Thus, links between PTSD and using cannabis to cope, severity of cannabis withdrawal, and especially craving appear robust across measures of PTSD and analytical method.Scientific SignificanceThe results of this study provide support for models that posit a pernicious feedback loop between PTSD symptomatology and cannabis use. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:277–284)
Urban–Rural Differentials: A Spatial Analysis of Alabama Students' Recent Alcohol Use and Marijuana Use
Authors: Lo Celia C. , Weber Joe , Cheng Tyrone C. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesThis study of Alabama public school students sought urban‐rural differences in social and spatial mechanisms connecting structural factors to recent use of alcohol and marijuana.MethodsIts dataset comprised a state‐sponsored 2002 need‐assessment survey of Alabama students; Alabama education department data; U. S. Census data; and alcohol‐outlet locations listed by Alabama's Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. It measured structural‐disadvantage factors (population disadvantages, community instability, alcohol‐outlet density), social‐organization factors (protective role of community, protective role of school), and recent‐use factors. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), it generated maps of school catchment areas (SCAs)—the units of analysis for the study—that outline spatial patterns (across areas deemedurbanorrural) of students' recent use of alcohol and marijuana.ResultsIn the final sample of 370 SCAs, significant urban‐versus‐rural differences were observed for certain structural factors and in how these factors were associated with substance use. These differences aside, spatial analysis weighing the SCAs' particular geographic characteristics suggested location's importance, showing that a school playing a strong protective role significantly reduced not just its own students' recent substance use, but that of students in neighboring SCAs as well.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThe findings show students' recent use of alcohol and marijuana are associated with characteristics of the environment. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:188–196)
Sexual Sensation Seeking, Co‐occurring Sex and Alcohol Use, and Sexual Risk Behavior among Adolescents in Treatment for Substance Use Problems
Authors: Oshri Assaf , Tubman Jonathan G. , Morgan‐Lopez Antonio A. , Saavedra Lissette M. , Csizmadia Annamaria 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis study evaluated relations between sexual sensation seeking, co‐occurring sex and alcohol use, and sexual risk behaviors (eg, unprotected intercourse and multiple sex partners) among adolescents receiving treatment for substance abuse problems.MethodThe ethnically diverse sample included 394 adolescents recruited from outpatient treatment (280 males; Mage = 16.33 years, SDage = 1.15). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect paths between sexual sensation seeking and sexual risk behaviors via the frequency of co‐occurring sex and alcohol use. Conditional indirect effects by gender were also tested.ResultsAnalyses identified significant direct and indirect effects from sexual sensation seeking to sexual risk behaviors via co‐occurring sex and alcohol. The path from co‐occurring sex and alcohol use to unprotected intercourse was significantly stronger among adolescent girls, suggesting a mediation effect moderated by gender. The path from sexual sensation seeking to past year number of partners via co‐occurring sex and alcohol was stronger among adolescent boys. However, this gender path difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsSelected prevention efforts are needed to promote HIV risk reduction among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. The documented conditional indirect effect for unprotected intercourse suggests that HIV prevention programs should pay special attention to gender‐specific patterns of alcohol use and sexual risk behavior when tailoring program content. (Am J Addict 2013;XX:000–000)
Ion Microprobe Determination of Hydrogen Concentration and Isotopic ratio in Extraterrestrial Metallic Alloys
Authors: Defouilloy Céline , Duhamel Rémi , Robert François 
Published: April 2013

The isotopic ratio of hydrogen was measured in an iron meteorite and terrestrial native iron using an IMS 3f ion microprobe. The extraterrestrial D/H ratio (93 ± 9 × 10−6) was close to the terrestrial value (105 ± 6 × 10−6), and both samples had low H concentrations (7 ± 4 and 33 ± 11 ng g−1 for the iron meteorite and the terrestrial sample, respectively). Experiments on artificially D‐enriched samples showed that the measured hydrogen signal is a combination of indigenous H and terrestrial atmospheric contamination. This contamination comes from the isotope exchange reaction between water adsorbed on the sample surface and atmospheric water, and would be continuously added to the indigenous H in the ion crater by the adsorbed water sinking into the crater during sputtering. Experiments showed that this contamination represents up to 20% of the signal but was within the uncertainty of the measured D/H ratio.
The metabolic inter‐relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low‐density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents
Authors: Hobkirk J. P. , King R. F. , Davies I. , Harman N. , Gately P. , Pemberton P. , Smith A. , Barth J. H. , Carroll S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Small, dense LDL is highly atherogenic and the prevalence is higher in obesity.
Weight loss lowers the prevalence of small, dense LDL.
What this study adds
The important role of TG in lowering LDL peak particle density and the proportion of small, dense LDL particles.
Waist or insulin resistance were not predictive of these important changes in LDL characteristics.
ObjectiveSmall, dense low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are highly atherogenic and strongly associated with obesity‐related dyslipidemia. The metabolic inter‐relationships between weight loss induced changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small‐dense LDL particles in clinically obese children and adolescents have not been studied.MethodsSeventy‐five clinically obese boys and girls (standardized body mass index 3.07 ± 0.59, aged 8–18 years) were recruited. Anthropometric, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured pre‐ and post‐weight loss.ResultsThere were highly significant reductions in anthropometric, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. Triglyceride change was positively correlated with LDL peak particle density and percentage LDL pattern B changes (relative abundance of small, dense LDL particles). Multiple regression analyses showed that changes in triglyceride concentration accounted for between 24 and 18% of the variance in LDL peak particle density and percentage LDL pattern B change, respectively. Changes in waist circumference and insulin sensitivity did not predict these changes in LDL characteristics.ConclusionAcute and highly significant weight loss significantly decreased LDL peak particle density and percentage LDL pattern B. The change in triglycerides was a strong predictor of LDL peak particle density and percentage LDL pattern B change.
Enhanced and Long‐Lived Near‐Infrared Luminescence of Er3+ Ions in Lead Borate Glass‐Ceramics Containing PbWO4 Nanocrystals
Authors: Pisarski Wojciech A. , Pisarska Joanna , Czopek Izabela , Goryczka Tomasz , Lisiecki Radosław , Ryba‐Romanowski Witold 
Published: April 2013

Lead tungstate PbWO4 nanocrystals in transparent lead borate glass‐ceramics containing Er3+ ions were fabricated. Luminescence spectra at about 1530 nm due to main 4I13/2–4I15/2 laser transition of Er3+ ions were examined for glass samples before and after heat treatment. Near‐infrared luminescence of Er3+ ions in glass‐ceramics is enhanced and long‐lived in comparison to precursor glasses. It suggests that the Er3+ ions are partially incorporated into PbWO4 crystalline phase.
Quadriceps Strength, Quadriceps Power, and Gait Speed in Older U.S. Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002
Authors: Kalyani Rita Rastogi , Tra Yolande , Yeh Hsin‐Chieh , Egan Josephine M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Brancati Frederick L. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the independent association between diabetes mellitus (and its duration and severity) and quadriceps strength, quadriceps power, and gait speed in a national population of older adults.DesignCross‐sectional nationally representative survey.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsTwo thousand five hundred seventy‐three adults aged 50 and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 who had assessment of quadriceps strength.MethodsDiabetes mellitus was ascertained according to questionnaire. Measurement of isokinetic knee extensor (quadriceps) strength was performed at 60º/s. Gait speed was assessed using a 20‐foot walk test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between diabetes mellitus status and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders or mediators.ResultsOlder U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus had significantly slower gait speed (0.96 ± 0.02 m/s) than those without (1.08 ± 0.01 m/s; P < .001). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, weight, and height, diabetes mellitus was also associated with significantly lower quadriceps strength (−4.6 ± 1.9 Nm; P = .02) and power (−4.9 ± 2.0 W; P = .02) and slower gait speed (−0.05 ± 0.02 m/s; P = .002). Associations remained significant after adjusting for physical activity and C‐reactive protein. After accounting for comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, amputation, cancer, arthritis, fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes mellitus was independently associated only with gait speed (−0.04 ± 0.02 m/s; P = .02). Diabetes mellitus duration in men and women was negatively associated with age‐adjusted quadriceps strength (−5.7 and −3.5 Nm/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) and power (−6.1 and −3.8 W/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) (all P ≤ .001, no significant interactions according to sex). Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with outcomes after accounting for body weight.ConclusionOlder U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus have lower quadriceps strength and quadriceps power that is related to the presence of comorbidities and walk slower than those without diabetes mellitus. Future studies should investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia and subsequent declines in leg muscle function.
Depressive Symptomatology as a Risk Factor for Falls in Older People: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kvelde Tasha , McVeigh Catherine , Toson Barbara , Greenaway Mark , Lord Stephen R. , Delbaere Kim , Close Jacqueline C.T. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to evaluate studies that have addressed depressive symptoms as a risk factor for falls in older people.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.SettingCommunity and residential care.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older.MeasurementsDepressive symptoms, incidence of falls.ResultsTwenty‐five prospective studies with a total of 21,455 participants met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Twenty studies met criteria for the meta‐analyses. Recruitment of participants was conducted randomly or by approaching groups with identified healthcare needs. Eleven measures were used to assess depressive symptoms, and length of follow‐up for falls ranged from 90 days to 8 years. Reporting of antidepressant use was variable across studies. The pooled effect of 14 studies reporting odds ratios (ORs) indicated that a higher level of depressive symptoms at baseline resulted in a greater likelihood of falling during follow‐up (OR = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–1.67, P < .001, I2 = 77.2%). In six studies reporting relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios, a higher level of depressive symptoms at baseline resulted in a greater likelihood of falling during follow‐up (RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.19–1.84, P < .001). There was no difference between community samples and those with identified healthcare needs with respect to depressive symptoms being a risk factor for falls.ConclusionDepressive symptoms were found to be consistently associated with falls in older people, despite the use of different measures of depressive symptoms and falls and varying length of follow‐up and statistical methods. Clinicians should consider management of depression when implementing fall prevention initiatives, and further research on factors mediating depressive symptoms and fall risk in older people is needed.
Effect of Aging on Stimulated Salivary Flow in Adults
Authors: Smith Christina H. , Boland Briony , Daureeawoo Youshan , Donaldson Elaine , Small Kathryn , Tuomainen Jyrki 
Published: April 2013

The literature on the effect of age on saliva production, which has implications for health, quality of life, differential diagnosis, and case management, remains inconclusive. Physiological changes, motor and sensory, are frequently reported with increasing age. It was hypothesized that there would be a change in saliva production with older age. Whole stimulated saliva was collected by asking participants to chew gauze for 1 minute and then comparing the weight of saliva produced according to age and sex. Data were collected in activity centers for older adults, workplaces, universities, and participants' homes. Five hundred forty healthy individuals (aged 20–97) in three age groups (young = 20–30; middle‐aged = 40–50; older ≥70) participated (90 men and 90 women in each group). A decrement in saliva production was identified for age in that the young and older participants and the middle‐aged and older participants differed significantly from each other, but no difference was found between the young and middle‐aged participants. The main effect of sex was not significant, nor was the interaction of age and sex. The results have implications for research and clinical work, including the differential diagnosis and subsequent management of salivary flow impairment due to age or underlying medical diagnosis or treatment. The assessment tool is easily administered and inexpensive and lends itself to use in many different clinical and research settings by different professionals.