bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteral supplementation with glutamine, fiber, and oligosaccharide modulates incretin and glucagon‐like peptide‐2 secretion
Authors: Joo Erina , Muraoka Atsushi , Hamasaki Akihiro , Harada Norio , Yamane Shunsuke , Kondo Yaeko , Suzuki Kazuyo , Nasteska Daniela , Shibue Kimitaka , Harada Takanari , Iwasaki Kanako , Tsuji Hidemi , Shide Kenichiro , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionA dietary supplementation product enriched with glutamine, dietary fiber and oligosaccharide (GFO) is widely applied for enteral nutrition support in Japan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GFO ingestion on secretion of incretins, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), and glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2).Materials and MethodsWe carried out a cross‐over study involving 20 healthy Japanese volunteers. The participants received GFO or 17 g of glucose, the equivalent carbohydrate in GFO as the control. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and plasma total GIP, total GLP‐1 and total GLP‐2 levels during GFO or glucose loading were determined.ResultsGFO loading produced significantly higher plasma GLP‐1 levels at 30 min and 60 min, area under the curve‐GLP‐1 value, and area under the curve‐GLP‐2 value after administration compared with those by glucose loading. In contrast, plasma GIP levels at both 30 and 60 min, and area under the curve‐GIP value after glucose loading were significantly higher than those after GFO loading.ConclusionsThese results show that GFO ingestion stimulates GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 secretion, and reduces GIP secretion compared with glucose ingestion. Therefore, GFO could have an intestinotrophic effect as well as an ameliorating effect on metabolic disorders through modification of release of gut hormones.
Association between inbreeding depression and floral traits in a generalist‐pollinated plant
Authors: Abdelaziz M. , Muñoz‐Pajares A. J. , Berbel M. , Perfectti F. , Gómez J. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIndividual variation in the magnitude of inbreeding depression (ID) in plants and its association with phenotypic traits may have important consequences for mating system evolution. This association has been investigated only scarcely, and always considering traits functionally related to autogamy. Here, we explore the association between individual variation in ID and plant traits associated with pollinator attractiveness (related to plant size, corolla size and corolla shape) in two populations of Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). ID was calculated along the entire life cycle of the plants. In addition, we also explored the relationship between phenotypic traits and the individual levels of heterozygosity. We found significant associations between ID and corolla diameter and stalk height, being taller plants with larger corollas those undergoing a lower intensity of ID. Furthermore, we found a negative relationship between corolla diameter and heterozygosity, suggesting that plants with large flowers have purged their genetic load. Finally, we found a significant effect of corolla diameter on the intrapopulation genetic structure. All these findings suggest that plants with large flowers have secularly suffered frequent inbreeding in the study populations. Because corolla diameter is a trait frequently selected by pollinators in E. mediohispanicum, we believe that the observed relationship between this trait and ID could be mediated by pollinators, probably throughout an increasing in biparental inbreeding, geitonogamy or autogamy.
Dignity as honour‐wound: an experiential and relational view
Authors: Galvin Kathleen , Todres Les 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we draw on a phenomenological–philosophical foundation to clarify the meaning of dignity as a coherent phenomenon. Consistent with an evocation of its central meanings, we then introduce and delineate seven kinds of dignity that are intertwined and interrelated. We illustrate how these kinds of dignity can provide a useful template to think about its qualities, its ‘rupture’ and its ‘restoration’ in human life, particularly in relation to health and social care contexts. We then consider the implications of these relational and experiential views for current debates about the notion of dignity: Is dignity a useless concept? Is dignity objective or subjective? What are the useful ways of characterizing different varieties of dignity? We conclude by pointing to a metaphor that may hold the sense and meaning of our deepest human dignity: The gathering of both value and vulnerability, in which human value does not depend on the eradication of human vulnerability, but occurs within its very context.
Retracted: Potentiality of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Powder in Rheology Modification of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion
Authors: Khan Nasir Mehmood , Khan Farman Ali , Mu Tai‐Hua , Khan Zia Ullah , Khan Midrarullah , Ahmad Shujaat , Behram Tayyeba 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRheology modification of the complex fluids has been addressed using the competency of the selected natural materials. This article reports the efficacy of the microparticles of the naturally available material neem (Azadirachta indica) powder as rheology modifier, which in turn offers better consistency, firmness, as well as nutrient value to the emulsions containing juice of Aloe barbadenis Miller, which can be effectively used for the preparation of foods, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. These results showed that the oil–water emulsions containing aloe vera juice emulsified with coconut milk protein exhibited useful dynamic viscoelastic behavior, with improved consistency and rheology because of the addition of microparticles of neem. Neem microparticles offered higher yield stress and apparent viscosity. This rheology modifier material can potentially eliminate or reduce the use of synthetic chemical thickeners, texturizers, etc.Practical ApplicationsThe present work on neem powder application in emulsion production provides a new direction for further fundamental research to explore the mechanism of interactions of such particles with the main phase of emulsions. Present findings demonstrate the design of novel emulsions, which offers additional value because of the high therapeutic, nutrient and medicinal characteristics of such materials of natural origin.
Unemployment Duration of Spouses: Evidence From France
Authors: Marcassa Stefania 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the conditional probability of leaving unemployment of French married individuals from 1991 to 2002. We find that the effect of spousal labor income on unemployment duration is asymmetric for men and women. In particular, the probability of men to find a job is increasing in wife's labor income, while it is decreasing in husband's earnings for women. To adjust for endogenous selection into marriage, we use the quarter of birth as an instrumental variable for the spousal wage. Finally, we show that introducing a breadwinner stigma in a joint job search model generates the positive correlation observed for men in the data.
Physiological and transcriptional memory in guard cells during repetitive dehydration stress
Authors: Virlouvet Laetitia , Fromm Michael 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Arabidopsis plants subjected to a daily dehydration stress and watered recovery cycle display physiological and transcriptional stress memory. Previously stressed plants have stomatal apertures that remain partially closed during a watered recovery period, facilitating reduced transpiration during a subsequent dehydration stress.

Guard cells (GCs) display transcriptional memory that is similar to that in leaf tissues for some genes, but display GC‐specific transcriptional memory for other genes. The rate‐limiting abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes NINE‐CIS‐EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3) and ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3 (AAO3) are expressed at much higher levels in GCs, particularly during the watered recovery interval, relative to their low levels in leaves.

A genetic analysis using mutants in the ABA signaling pathway indicated that GC stomatal memory is ABA‐dependent, and that ABA‐dependent SNF1‐RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.2 (SnRK2.2), SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6 have distinguishable roles in the process. SnRK2.6 is more important for overall stomatal control, while SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 are more important for implementing GC stress memory in the subsequent dehydration response.

Collectively, our results support a model of altered ABA production in GCs that maintains a partially closed stomatal aperture during an overnight watered recovery period.
Stick-Slip Model for PDC Bits Accounting for Coupled Torsional and Axial Oscillations
Authors: Tikhonov Vadim , Bukashkina Olga , Gandikota Raju 
Published: October 2014

Drilling with PDC bits can cause severe torsional and axial oscillations. These oscillations are accompanied by periodic sticking of the bit followed by accelerated rotation. The so-called “stick-slip” increases bit wear and fatigue and causes premature failure of BHA and drillstring components. It is well known that these torsional oscillations are nonlinear and self-induced. The present study investigates the coupling between axial and torsional oscillations.
The cutting process is based on the Detournay model, which provides for the effect of the bottomhole pressure and the local pore pressure. The axial stiffness of the drillstring is taken into account with the axial motion equations coupled with the torsional equations, in contrast to previous models where axial equations were considered independently. Axial oscillations are allowed to occur even when the bit is in the stick phase. The new model also includes bit “bouncing” when it loses contact with the bottomhole. The equations are solved by time integration. By results of the analysis of transient processes the spectral density is determined.
The objective of the paper is to improve understanding of stick-slip oscillation nature and assess the contribution of parameters that influence their intensity.
The study includes the effect of the rotor rpm, intrinsic specific energy of rock, number of PDC blades, wear flat length of blades, etc.
Results of the study will help drillers to select and change drilling parameters more efficiently to reduce severe stick-slip oscillations.
Transmission Pipelines: Are They Still the Safest Way to Transport Energy?
Authors: Kirkwood Mike 
Published: October 2014

As the energy landscape changes globally with the development of tight oil and gas resources, questions about the rail safety and tighter regulations around safety and environment, energy insiders are asking the question; are pipelines still the safest way to transport energy? In a recent study conducted by T.D. Williamson (TDW) (1) this paper uncovers some current industry trends, drivers and restraints that will shape the pipelines landscape for the future. The study looked at regional trends, technology applications and future project developments in the pipelines arena and how this is influencing how pipelines are being designed, installed and utilized.
The study identified that there were four distinct pipeline “themes” over the pipeline life cycle, which comprise:
• Infrastructure – pipeline new build for growth, replacement and expansion,
• Integrity Management – management of the integrity for new and existing pipelines,
• Flow Assurance & Throughput – optimizing throughput and uptime for new and existing pipelines,
• Management of Human Capital – acquiring, developing and retaining competent people or outsourcing.
The paper will discuss how these needs imbedded in these themes are met or, as in some cases, unmet.
The paper also looks at developments in materials for new pipelines, pipeline monitoring and leak detection (from cables to dogs to, unmanned vehicles), newer products that are being shipped (from higher hydrogen content methane gas to carbon dioxide from capture schemes to diluted bitumen from the oil sands), the impact of “big data” (from Mb to Yb), and how operators are looking to manage emergencies (from spill response to emergency planning and operational readiness).
This paper will compare safety records for energy transportation as well as the new demands being put on energy companies that will propose an answer to the question posed in the title.
New Approach for the Indirect Detection of Blade-to-Stator Rubbing in Turbo-Machinery Using Wavelet Techniques
Authors: Al-Badour Fadi , Cheded Lahouari , Sunar M. 
Published: October 2014

This paper introduces an efficient and powerful approach to fault detection in rotating machinery using time-frequency analysis based on the wavelet transform of the monitored shaft vibration signal. Wavelet techniques are one of the latest powerful tools in analyzing the transient information for condition monitoring and fault detection using vibration signature. The proposed technique combines both the Continuous Wavelet and the Wavelet Packet Transforms. In particular, it exploits the use of the modulus of the local maxima lines in the wavelet domain, to detect impulsive mechanical faults through shaft vibration such as impact blade-to-stator rubbing in turbo machinery.
The proposed new wavelet-based signal processing method was able to detect the singularity in the measured shaft vibration, which was generated by blade rubbing. The singularity detection achieved by the new method was very well supported by its counterpart based on the direct blade vibration measurements.
Our proposed technique was favorably compared with both the time wave and the traditional Fourier Transform techniques. In fact, both the analysis and the extensive simulation work show the superiority of the combined approach (Wavelet Packet Transform and Maxima Lines) over the traditional Fourier-based method, in reliably diagnosing impulsive mechanical faults.
High Precision Machine Based on a Differential Mechanism
Authors: Borboni Alberto , Ceretti Elisabetta , Copeta Alessandro , Moscatelli Davide , Faglia Rodolfo , Attanasio Aldo 
Published: October 2014

Micromachining processes deal with the production of parts characterized by features in the micro range (i.e., with dimension lower than 1 mm). Several works are present in literature analyzing the tool behaviors, the material influence on the process, and the machine design. In fact, the downsize of the process up to the microscale needs a full review of all the knowledge coming from the meso and macro scale. As a consequence, machines suitable for micromachining processes were recently introduced in the market.
Usually, these machines are classified by the classical gantry layout structure supported by a granite frame and, in order to guarantee the needed requirements of precision and accuracy in the micro scale, they are based on fluid-supported axes and active and/or passive vibration control systems.
This paper proposes a new concept design: a high precision machine (HPM) based on an innovative layout exploiting a differential mechanism with three motors for two degrees of freedom using pulleys and metal belts. This new layout exhibits relevant advantages. The most significant is that all the worktable servo drives, that moves along x and y axes, are ground-fixed. This allows to isolate the working area of the machine from the servo drives. The system of pulleys and belts holding the working table slides on air bearings in order to minimize the micro vibrations induced by all the drives. A further peculiarity of the machine consists of the double z-axis each of them is motorized by a micrometer slide with linear absolute encoder. The first z-axis is equipped with a spindle for performing micro machining processes (drilling and milling). The second z-axis is equipped with a laser head for micro ablation. The servo drives of the two z-axes are controlled by the same control system of the worktable. Another important feature of the proposed layout is that the differential configuration of the xy mechanism admits the use of a constant speed signal to each control reference with no output displacements. This allows to guarantee non-inversion of motion of the servo-drives and so the avoidance of problems due to backlash and/or static friction. Drives are controlled by position and speed control loops with PID architecture, anti-windup and feed forward strategies. Controllers have been tuned by the use of a genetic algorithm applied to a dynamic model of the system.
As a general consideration, the quality of the investigated micro machining processes can be improved with the designed machine structure.
SCRC Technology for Naval Propulsion
Authors: Wettstein Hans E. 
Published: October 2014

Supercharged Diesel engines are nowadays dominating naval propulsion. They have a thermal efficiency up to 50% and can swallow almost any liquid fuel. But there are two main drawbacks:
Nitrogen oxides emissions of Diesel engines are sometimes higher than desired.
Low speed vibrations can often be felt everywhere on the vessel. Some cruising ships therefore use gas turbines in spite of the lower thermal efficiency.
But instead of supercharging Diesel engines also gas turbines can be supercharged. In combination with recuperation they could achieve even a higher thermal efficiency than Diesel engines. Such a concept with the name “Semi-Closed Recuperated Cycle” (SCRC) has been proposed in [1] for replacing gas turbine combined cycles.
This paper shows new results of thermodynamic calculations of the SCRC with adiabatic or intercooled compressors. These calculations are optimized for naval applications with liquid fuels. The state of the SCRC technology is described with its expected operation, control concepts and limitations. Based on this investigation there is good evidence that supercharged Diesel technology for naval application could be seriously competed by the SCRC technology with respect to thermal efficiency, vibration (engine smoothness), emissions and specific mass (per kW power). It is the declared intention of the author to find companies who are interested in developing this technology.
Measurement of Film Thickness for Continuous Fluid Flow Within a Spinning Cone
Authors: Symons Digby D. , Bizard Arnaud F. M. 
Published: October 2014

This paper reports experimental measurements of film thickness for continuous fluid flow within a spinning cone. The results are compared to analytical theory for thin film flow and found to be in good agreement.
Spinning cones are used in various industrial process machines, including spinning cone distillation columns, centrifugal film evaporators and continuous centrifugal filters. In each case a fluid is fed continuously into the centre of a conical vessel which spins about a vertical axis with the cone apex pointing downwards. The fluid acquires the angular velocity of the cone and migrates up the internal wall of the cone under centrifugal force. Knowledge of the film thickness and flow velocity is often important in order to understand other performance parameters of the process such as evaporation or filtration rates. This paper aims to aid the design of new process machines by providing a mathematical model for film thickness that is validated by experimental results.
Experiments have been conducted in which the angle of cone, angular velocity and input flow rate were all varied. Film thickness measurements were obtained via a novel optical method based on photographing the displacement of a projected grid on the surface of the flow within the cone. The method has the advantages of not disturbing the flow in any way and can provide thickness measurements over the whole cone depth. Measurements are also made insensitive to any transients by use of relatively long photographic exposures.
Measurements are compared to analytical theory for axisymmetric, steady state, free-surface laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in a spinning cone. The theory assumes the flow is thin but takes account of gravity. The theoretical model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Reliability Analysis of Automotive Magnetorheological Brake: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Patil Satyajit R. , Sawant Suresh M. 
Published: October 2014

Magnetorheological (MR) brake technology, owing to its reduced response delay, has generated interest for its potential as substitute to conventional hydraulic brakes in a road vehicle. Recently, few investigations have been carried out to assess its application for a mid size car. Finite element studies and experimental investigations have been carried out by researchers. However, reliability aspect of these brakes doesn’t seem to have been explored as yet.
This paper makes an attempt to present findings of the qualitative reliability studies on MR brake system for vehicular application. Results of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) have been presented and discussed subsequently. Findings of this analysis, it is believed, shall complement the design process and make it fool proof. It also provides basis for further quantitative reliability estimation, in case of availability of failure data of MR brake system components.
Hemodynamical Aspects of Endovascular Repair for Aortic Arch Aneurisms
Authors: Nardi Asaph , Avrahami Idit , Halak Moshe , Silverberg Daniel , Brand Moshe 
Published: October 2014

The presented study is focused on the hemodynamics aspects of thoracic aortic aneurysm and approaches for restoring hemodynamics in the aortic arch. The study includes numerical investigation of the aortic arch hemodynamics of a healthy aorta, aorta with aneurysm, and of two endovascular repairing procedures. The first endovascular repair approach is the total aortic arch hybrid debranching. The second implantation uses chimney graft technique.
The analysis includes the fluid dynamics in the aorta and branching arteries under time-dependent physiological conditions. The results show the effect of aneurysm on blood flow in the descending aorta and in aortic arch side branches. In the aneurysmatic case, the aneurysm provokes a highly disturbed flow and large recirculation regions, especially during diastole. Out of the two endovascular techniques, the hybrid procedure was found preferred from hemodynamics point of view, with less disturbed and recirculating regions.
Although the chimney procedure requires less manufacturing times and cost, it is associated with higher risks rate, and therefore, it is recommended only for emergency cases. This study may shade light on the hemodynamic factors for these complications, and provide insights on ways to improve the procedure.
Flight Stability and Safety of WIG Craft With and Without Feedback Control
Authors: Groß Andreas , Kornev Nikolai , Hahn Tobias , Lampe Bernhard , Drewelow Wolfgang 
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the motion simulation of a Wing in Ground craft with a Lippisch configuration which is stable in terms of static stability. The influence of wind and wave perturbations on the dynamic stability of the flight are investigated.
The analysis of safety and stability used two different approaches. Based on frequency domain simulation, the first approach derived from the classical stability theory utilizes the aerodynamic coefficients and their linearized derivatives. The second approach based on time domain simulation uses the coefficients with full respect to the nonlinear character of aerodynamics in ground effect. The trajectory is used to evaluate the dynamic stability and flight safety of the craft. From the results for typical perturbations, the limitations of the classical stability theory for the flight safety of Wing in Ground craft are shown.
The results show the necessity of the automatic control system even for a satisfying stable craft predicted by the linear theory. The demand of high performance together with the hard constraints for states and control inputs are challenging for the controller design. A proportional-integral-derivative controller is studied to secure the flight safety of small craft under different perturbation and a methodology for designing a control system for operation under various weather conditions is illustrated.