bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
src family kinases regulate renal epithelial paracellular permeability barrier through an occludin‐independent mechanism
Authors: Caswell Devin , Jaggi Shuchie , Axis Josephine , Amsler Kurt 
Published: November 2012

AbstractParacellular permeability is mediated by the epithelial cell tight junction. Studies in intestinal and other epithelia have suggested that the activity of src family kinases (SFKs) increases epithelial paracellular permeability through its action on the tight junction protein, occludin, but the involvement of SFKs and occludin in regulation of renal epithelial paracellular permeability is unclear. In this study, the role of SFKs in regulation of renal epithelial paracellular permeability and the involvement of occludin protein in this regulatory event was examined in two renal epithelial cell lines, LLC‐PK1 (proximal tubule‐like) and MDCK (distal tubule‐like). The effect of broad spectrum SFK inhibitors on paracellular permeability of calcein and fluorescein‐dextran3000 were examined. SFK inhibitor treatment increased paracellular movement of both compounds in both renal epithelial cell lines. The SFK inhibitor effect was concentration‐dependent and, at low concentrations, was not associated with cell damage/death. Response to SFK inhibitors was acquired progressively after cell populations attained confluence suggesting maturation of the regulatory mechanism. Increased paracellular permeability was not associated with dramatic changes in total cell content of occludin protein, its partitioning between detergent‐soluble and ‐insoluble fractions, or its subcellular localization. Further, the SFK‐induced increase in paracellular permeability was unaffected by either occludin protein overexpression or occludin protein knockdown. These results demonstrate that SFK activity decreases paracellular permeability of renal epithelial cells, as opposed to its effect in intestinal epithelial cells, and that this regulation is not mediated by occludin protein. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1210–1220, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of initial biomass concentration on bioregeneration of 4‐chlorophenol‐loaded granular activated carbon: kinetic and efficiency studies
Authors: Oh Wen‐Da , Lim Poh‐Eng , Seng Chye‐Eng , Mohamed Norita , Adnan Rohana , Leong Kwok‐Yii , Voon Sui‐Yien 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the effects of initial biomass concentration on bioregeneration rate and efficiency is lacking as many of the bioregeneration studies were conducted at constant initial biomass concentration. The objectives of this study are: (i) to develop kinetic models incorporating adsorption, desorption, biodegradation and the irreversibility of adsorption in describing the bioregeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) loaded with 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP); and (ii) to investigate the effect of initial biomass concentration on the rate and efficiency of bioregeneration of 4‐CP‐loaded GAC in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes.ResultsThe bioregeneration model with Haldane biodegradation kinetics gave a better fit (R2 > 0.956) than the model with first‐order biodegradation kinetics (R2 > 0.805) to the experimental data. Values of the rate constant of desorption generated from the models showed that there was no observed effect of varying biomass concentration on the bioregeneration rate. The efficiency study revealed no observed effect of varying biomass concentration on the bioregeneration efficiency provided there was no inhibition effect due to 4‐CP.ConclusionsChange in the initial biomass concentration had no observed effect on the bioregeneration rate and efficiency, if there was no inhibitory effect due to the substrate in the latter case. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
Monosodium iodoacetate induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and caspase activation in rat chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Jiang Liping , Li Longjie , Geng Chengyan , Gong Dezheng , Jiang Lijie , Ishikawa Nobuyuki , Kajima Koji , Zhong Laifu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMonosodium iodoacetate (MIA) is an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and causes dose‐dependent cartilage degradation resembling the pathological changes of human osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we assessed the apoptosis induced by MIA and clarified the underlying mechanisms using the primary rat chondrocytes. The apoptosis of primary rat chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Apoptosis‐related protein cytochrome c and procaspase‐3 expressions were examined by Western blotting. We found that MIA treatment induces apoptosis in chondrocytes, as confirmed by increases in the percent of apoptotic cells, up‐regulation of cytochrome c and caspase‐3 protein levels. Treatment with MIA increases ROS production and decreases the levels of ΔΨm. The antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly prevented the production of ROS, the reduction of ΔΨm, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase‐3. Further, NAC completely protected the cells from MIA‐induced apoptosis. Together these observations suggest that the mechanisms of MIA‐induced apoptosis are primarily via ROS production and mitochondria‐mediated caspase‐3 activation in primary rat chondrocytes. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 364–369, 2013
Adsorption chromatography separation of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin using cross‐linked collagen fibre as the stationary phase
Authors: Ding Pingping , Liao Xuepin , Shi Bi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDKaempferol, quercetin and myricetin are typical flavonols that are most concentrated in many medicinal herbs. However, the separation of these flavonols is very challenging due to their similar molecular structures. In the present investigation, the chromatographic separation of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin was performed using glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen fibre (GCF) as the stationary phase.RESULTSKaempferol, quercetin and myricetin could be completely separated from each other by the GCF column by using gradient elution with different solutions of aqueous ethanol (100% to 70%) and 50% acetone. When the chromatographic separation was carried out at a flow rate of 0.75 bed volume h−1 with a sample loading of 30 mg 7 g−1 GCF, the purity of kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin was 98.17%, 93.81% and 81.76%, respectively. The separation resolution was influenced by column length, flow rate and sample loading amount. The separation efficiency of GCF was not obviously reduced after applications had been repeated five times. In the fifth repeated application, the purity of the recovered kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin was still higher than 97%, 94% and 78%, respectively.CONCLUSIONGCF is a promising adsorbent for use as a stationary phase in the chromatographic separation of flavonols from their mixtures. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
PGI chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) traceability by means of HRMAS‐NMR spectroscopy: a preliminary study
Authors: Ritota Mena , Casciani Lorena , Valentini Massimiliano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnalytical traceability of PGI and PDO foods (Protected Geographical Indication and Protected Denomination Origin respectively) is one of the most challenging tasks of current applied research.RESULTSHere we proposed a metabolomic approach based on the combination of 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS‐NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate analysis, i.e. PLS‐DA, as a reliable tool for the traceability of Italian PGI chicories (Cichorium intybus L.), i.e. Radicchio Rosso di Treviso and Radicchio Variegato di Castelfranco, also known as red and red‐spotted, respectively. The metabolic profile was gained by means of HRMAS‐NMR, and multivariate data analysis allowed us to build statistical models capable of providing clear discrimination among the two varieties and classification according to the geographical origin.CONCLUSIONBased on Variable Importance in Projection values, the molecular markers for classifying the different types of red chicories analysed were found accounting for both the cultivar and the place of origin. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Volatile compounds and lipolysis levels of Kopanisti, a traditional Greek raw milk cheese
Authors: Karali Fotini , Georgala Aikaterini , Massouras Theophilos , Kaminarides Stelios 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundKopanisti is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) traditional soft Greek cheese manufactured exclusively in the Cycladic island complex. It is made from raw bovine, ovine or caprine milk or a mixture of them without the addition of any lactic acid cultures. It has a spreadable texture, an intense salty and peppery taste and a strong flavour. Although Kopanisti cheese has properties similar to those of mould‐ripened cheeses, its volatile compound content has never been reported. In this study the volatile compound content and lipolysis level of ten commercial Kopanisti samples were investigated.ResultsThe main aromatic groups found in Kopanisti cheese were alcohols, esters and volatile free fatty acids. Ethanol and several ethyl esters were the main volatile compounds. Intense lipolysis was present, with an average total free fatty acid content of 48 979 mg kg−1. Acetic, butyric and capric acids were the main volatile acids determined.ConclusionThe intense lipolysis contributes greatly to the strong flavour and peppery taste of Kopanisti cheese. The flavour of Kopanisti is attributable mainly to the volatile fatty acids and various other volatile compounds as well as to the interactions occurring between them.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of marine algae Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra purpurea as a food supplement: composition, nutritional value and effect of intake on intestinal, hepatic and renal enzyme activities in rats
Authors: Taboada Cristina , Millan Rosendo , Miguez Isabel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a long tradition in Eastern countries of consuming seaweeds, although demand for these organisms has also increased in Western countries. However, knowledge of the effects of consumption of algae is limited. In this study the proximate composition and amino acid profile of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar (wakame) and Porphyra purpurea (Olivi) De Toni (nori) were determined. The effects of feeding diets containing 100 g kg−1 of wakami or nori for 4 weeks on food intake, growth, protein efficiency ratio, diet conversion ratio and some organ weights in growing rats were evaluated. The effects on intestinal, hepatic and renal enzyme activities were also studied.RESULTSBoth algae are a good source of protein, particularly nori, and contain essential amino acids. There was no effect of alga consumption on trophic balance. Intestinal disaccharidase and hepatic and renal γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activities were lower in alga‐fed rats than in the control group, while intestinal leucine aminopeptidase activity was higher in rats fed algae.CONCLUSIONBoth seaweeds are a good source of protein and carbohydrates and contain all essential amino acids. The effects of the two algae on enzyme activities were similar. The inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase activity by seaweed ingestion could be interesting in patients with altered glucose homeostasis. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Copolymerization of Bacterial Cell Wall Materials to Enhance Stability of Polyhydroxyalkanoate
Authors: Chen Ning , Xiang Xu , Saha Ratul , Bagley Susan T. , Heiden Patricia A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis brief investigation reports copolymerizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with a durable bacterial cell wall component, peptidoglycan (PTG). PHAs are biodegradable polymers produced by some bacteria, but the environmental advantage is offset by the time, energy, and solvent use to separation PHAs from cell residues, including PTG. Here, a PHA was copolymerized with PTG (10, 25 wt%). Thermal stability and moisture uptake of the resulting polyesteramide showed copolymers absorbed up to 60% more moisture than the PHA but at 25 wt% peptidoglycan the onset of decomposition increased by nearly 125 °C. Less PTG in PHA gave lesser increases. The results suggest that useful materials might be produced with less rigorous purification strategies for bacterially produced PHAs.
Silibinin inhibits prostate cancer cells‐ and RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by targeting NFATc1, NF‐κB, and AP‐1 activation in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Kavitha Chandagirikoppal V. , Deep Gagan , Gangar Subhash C. , Jain Anil K. , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCurrently, there are limited therapeutic options against bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCA), which is primarily responsible for high mortality and morbidity in PCA patients. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis is an essential feature associated with metastatic PCA in the bone microenvironment. Silibinin, an effective chemopreventive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in PCA patients but its efficacy against PCA cells‐induced osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. Accordingly, here we examined silibinin effect on PCA cells‐induced osteoclastogenesis employing human PCA (PC3MM2, PC3, and C4‐2B) and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We also assessed silibinin effect on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced signaling associated with osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Further, we analyzed silibinin effect on osteomimicry biomarkers in PCA cells. Results revealed that silibinin (30–90 μM) inhibits PCA cells‐induced osteoclast activity and differentiation in RAW264.7 cells via modulating expression of several cytokines (IGF‐1, TGF‐β, TNF‐α, I‐TAC, M‐CSF, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, etc.) that are important in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, in RAW264.7 cells, silibinin decreased the RANKL‐induced expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1, which is considered the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, silibinin decreased the RANKL‐induced DNA binding activity of NFATc1 and its regulators NF‐κB and AP1, and the protein expression of osteoclast specific markers (TRAP, OSCAR, and cathepsin K). Importantly, silibinin also decreased the expression of osteomimicry biomarkers (RANKL, Runx2, osteocalcin, and PTHrP) in cell culture (PC3 and C4‐2B cells) and/or in PC3 tumors. Together, our findings showing that silibinin inhibits PCA cells‐induced osteoclastogenesis, suggest that silibinin could be useful clinically against bone metastatic PCA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep and Parkinson's disease: A review of case‐control polysomnography studies
Authors: Peeraully Tasneem , Yong Ming‐Hui , Chokroverty Sudhansu , Tan Eng‐King 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and certain primary sleep disorders has yet to be clarified. We performed a systematic review of case‐control polysomnography studies to evaluate the relationship between PD and sleep disorders. A PubMed literature search and bibliography review yielded 15 case‐control polysomnography studies in patients with PD. Studies differed by recruitment methods, duration of polysomnography monitoring, and sleep parameters measured. Subjective sleepiness was greater in patients than controls (50%–66% vs 2.9%–12%) despite lack of objective increase in daytime sleepiness by mean sleep latency testing. The 4 case‐control polysomnography studies investigating rapid eye movement behavior disorder support a higher prevalence in PD (0%–47% vs 0%–1.8% in controls), although differences in diagnostic criteria hamper interpretation. The preponderance of evidence did not support an increased incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (27%–60% vs 13%–65%) or periodic leg movements of sleep in patients compared to controls. Adequately powered, prospective studies with uniform methodology and healthy controls are needed to further address the association and pathophysiological significance between PD and sleep problems. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Axisymmetric peel test for adhesion measurement of polymer coatings
Authors: DeNolf Garret C. , Haack Larry , Holubka Joe , Straccia Ann , Blohowiak Kay , Broadbent Chris , Shull Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel axisymmetric peel test for measuring the adherence of coatings has been developed. The method utilizes a thin elastomeric membrane as a support for an uncured coating. Application of a pressure differential across this membrane brings the coating into contact with the substrate of interest, allowing it to cure while in contact with the substrate. The peel energy of the fully cured coating is determined by the measured peel force and by the geometry at the peeling front. Use of the test is illustrated with a model glassy polyurethane coating on an aluminum substrate. We show that the test is ideally suited for testing the effects of substrate preparation and cure conditions on the resultant coating adhesion. The upper limit on the adhesion strength that we were able to measure was about 50 J/m2, a limit that is determined by the tensile strength of the coating. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Morphology, thermoelectric properties and wet‐chemical doping of laser‐sintered germanium nanoparticles
Authors: Stoib Benedikt , Langmann Tim , Petermann Nils , Matich Sonja , Sachsenhauser Matthias , Wiggers Hartmut , Stutzmann Martin , Brandt Martin S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPorous, highly doped semiconductors are potential candidates for thermoelectric energy conversion elements. We report on the fabrication of thin films of Ge via short‐pulse laser‐sintering of Ge nanoparticles (NPs) in vacuum and study the macroporous morphology of the samples by secondary electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of undoped Ge is discussed in conjunction with the formation of a defect band near the valence band. We further introduce a versatile method of doping the resulting films with a variety of common dopant elements in group‐IV semiconductors by using a liquid containing the dopant atoms. This method is fully compatible with laser‐direct writing and suited to fabricate small scale thermoelectric generators. The incorporation of the dopants is verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their electrical activation is studied by conductivity and thermopower measurements.
Thermal conductance of nanosize semiconductor pillars
Authors: Bartsch Thorben , Wetzel Alina , Sonnenberg David , Schmidt Matthias , Heyn Christian , Hansen Wolfgang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe study the thermal transport through only few nanometer long GaAs pillars. The pillars are epitaxially embedded between two otherwise isolated thermal reservoirs. Because of the short length and absence of defects and interfaces, the heat current through the pillars is free of distracting influences and perfectly controlled. This enables simple understanding of the observed thermal transport, regarding the pillars as ballistic thermal point contacts. The adjacent figure sketches a side view of the structures employed for the experiments. The thermal conductance of the pillars was measured with the 3ω method. magnified imageScheme of the investigated heterostructure with heater and thermal anchor.
Spectroscopy of Yb3+ in the disordered Na2/7Gd4/7MoO4 crystal with a scheelite‐type cation‐deficient structure
Authors: Zhao Wang , Zhou Wei‐wei , Wei Bo , Wang Guo‐fu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe creation of cation vacancies in the scheelite‐type framework leads to the formation of Na2/7Gd4/7MoO4 compound, where cationic sites are shared by Na+, Gd3+, and vacancies. The spectroscopic properties at ∼1 µm of this novel disordered Yb3+‐doped crystal, grown by the Czochralski method, have been investigated. The absorption and fluorescence spectra at 10 and 300 K provide the important information on the absorption and emission cross‐sections as well as the Stark energy‐level positions of Yb3+ ions in the crystal. The wavelength dependence of the gain cross‐section has been determined, which predicts a broad tuning range and potential sub‐100‐fs laser pulse generation. The laser parameters βmin, Isat, and Imin have been calculated, and the perspectives for applications as a laser‐active material have been discussed.
Compact two‐step laser time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for in situ analyses of aromatic organics on planetary missions
Authors: Getty Stephanie A. , Brinckerhoff William B. , Cornish Timothy , Ecelberger Scott , Floyd Melissa 
Published: November 2012

RATIONALEA miniature time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer measuring 20 cm in length has been adapted to demonstrate two‐step laser desorption/ionization (LDI) in a compact instrument package for enhanced organics detection. Two‐step LDI decouples the desorption and ionization processes, relative to traditional LDI, in order to produce low‐fragmentation mass spectra of organic analytes. Tuning the UV ionization laser energy would allow control of the degree of fragmentation, which might enable better identification of constituent species.METHODSA reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer prototype was modified to allow a two‐laser configuration, with IR (1064 nm) desorption followed by UV (266 nm) postionization. A relatively low ion extraction voltage of 5 kV was applied at the sample inlet.RESULTSThe instrument capabilities and performance were demonstrated with analysis of a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, representing a class of compounds important to the fields of Earth and planetary science. Two‐step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) analysis of a model PAH, pyrene, was demonstrated, including molecular ion identification and the onset of tunable fragmentation as a function of ionizing laser energy. Mass resolution m/Δm = 380 at full width at half‐maximum was achieved for gas‐phase postionization of desorbed neutrals in this highly compact mass analyzer.CONCLUSIONSAchieving L2MS in a highly miniaturized instrument enables a powerful approach to the detection and characterization of aromatic organics in remote terrestrial and planetary applications. Tunable detection of molecular and fragment ions with high mass resolution, diagnostic of molecular structure, is possible on such a compact L2MS instrument. The selectivity of L2MS against low‐mass inorganic salt interferences is a key advantage when working with unprocessed, natural samples, and a mechanism for the observed selectivity is proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.