bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury induced by human leucocyte antigen‐II antibodies: Analysis of antibody typing and source
Authors: Yu Zou , Mao Zheng , Xiuyun Liao , Tianhua Jiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo explore transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) induced by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐II antibodies, and to analyse antibody typing and source.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the clinical symptoms and signs of two leukaemia patients with suspected TRALI from the same female donor. HLA phenotyping was performed on the two patients, the platelet donor, her husband and her two children. The HLA and human neutrophil antigen antibodies in the donor's plasma were identified.ResultsThe clinical manifestations of two leukaemia patients were those of TRALI, and we treated them with timely ventilator support. A high titre of HLA‐II antibodies was in the plasma of the platelet donor. The antibodies were directed at HLA‐DRB3*03:01, HLA‐DRB1*09:01, HLA‐DRB1*12:02, HLA‐DRB3*01:01 and HLA‐DRB1*12:01:01G, which were specific to the HLA antigens of the two patients. High‐resolution HLA genotyping suggested that the donor's HLA‐II antibodies were derived from immune stimulation by the husband's antigens during pregnancy.ConclusionsThis study described two cases of TRALI caused by HLA‐II antibodies from the same female donor. Appropriate management of blood donors with a history of multiple pregnancies is crucial.
Iwasawa theory of fine Selmer groups associated to Drinfeld modules
Authors: Ray Anwesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLet be a prime power and be the rational function field over , the field with elements. Let be a Drinfeld module over and be a nonzero prime ideal of . Over the constant ‐extension of , we introduce the fine Selmer group associated to the ‐primary torsion of . We show that it is a cofinitely generated module over . This proves an analogue of Iwasawa's conjecture in this setting, and provides context for the further study of the objects that have been introduced in this article.
Optimizing bacteriophage treatment of resistant
Pseudomonas
Authors: Ulrich Laura , Steiner Leon X. , Giez Christoph , Lachnit Tim 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Phage therapy is increasing in relevance as an alternative treatment to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phage cocktails are the state-of-the-art method of administering phages in clinical settings, preferred over monophage treatment because of their ability to eliminate multiple bacterial strains and reduce resistance formation. In our study, we compare monophage applications and phage cocktails to our chosen method of phage sequential treatments. To do so, we isolated four novel bacteriophages capable of infecting
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
T3, a close relative of
P. aeruginosa
, and characterized them using sequencing and transmission electron microscopy. While investigating monophage treatments, we observed that different phage concentrations had a strong impact on the timing and amount of resistance formation. When using phage cocktails, we observed that
P. alcaligenes
were capable of forming resistance in the same timespan it took them to become resistant to single phages. We isolated mutants resistant to each single phage as well as mutants exposed to phage cocktails, resulting in bacteria resistant to all four phages at once. Sequencing these mutants showed that different treatments yielded unique single nucleotide polymorphism mutation patterns. In order to combat resistance formation, we added phages one by one in intervals of 24 h, thus managing to delay resistance development and keeping bacterial growth significantly lower compared to phage cocktails.

IMPORTANCE

WHO declared antimicrobial resistance a top threat to global health; while antibiotics have stood at the forefront in the fight against bacterial infection, the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights a need to branch out in order to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophages, viruses solely infecting bacteria, could present a solution due to their abundance, versatility, and adaptability. For this study, we isolated new phages infecting a fast-mutating
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
strain capable of forming resistance within 30 h. By using a sequential treatment approach of adding one phage after another, we were able to curb bacterial growth significantly more compared to state-of-the-art phage cocktails.
Bile acid-gut microbiota imbalance in cholestasis and its long-term effect in mice
Authors: Yang Xin , Xu Yuesong , Li Jie , Ran Ximing , Gu Zhihao , Song Linfeng , Zhang Lei , Wen Li , Ji Guang , Wang Ruirui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Cholestasis is a common morbid state that may occur in different phases; however, a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term effect post-recovery is still lacking. In the hepatic cholestasis mouse model, which was induced by a temporary complete blockage of the bile duct, the stasis of bile acids and liver damage typically recovered within a short period. However, we found that the temporary hepatic cholestasis had a long-term effect on gut microbiota dysbiosis, including overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria, decreased diversity of the gut microbiota, and an overall imbalance in its composition accompanied by an elevated inflammation level. Additionally, we observed an increase in
Escherichia-Shigella
(represented by ASV136078), rich in virulence factors, in both small and large intestines following cholestasis. To confirm the causal role of dysregulated gut microbiota in promoting hepatic inflammation and injury, we conducted gut microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice. We found that recipient mice transplanted with feces from cholestasis mice exhibited liver inflammation, damage, and accumulation of hepatic bile acids. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that cholestasis disrupts the overall load and structural composition of the gut microbiota in mice, and these adverse effects persist after recovery from cholestatic liver injury. This finding suggests the importance of monitoring the structural composition of the gut microbiota in patients with cholestasis and during their recovery.

IMPORTANCE
Our pre-clinical study using a mouse model of cholestasis underscores that cholestasis not only disrupts the equilibrium and structural configuration of the gut microbiota but also emphasizes the persistence of these adverse effects even after bile stasis restoration. This suggests the need of monitoring and initiating interventions for gut microbiota structural restoration in patients with cholestasis during and after recovery. We believe that our study contributes to novel and better understanding of the intricate interplay among bile acid homeostasis, gut microbiota, and cholestasis-associated complications. Our pre-clinical findings may provide implications for the clinical management of patients with cholestasis.
Gut microbiome diversity and biogeography for Chinese bumblebee
Bombus pyrosoma
Authors: Zhang Zhengyi , Guo Yulong , Zhuang Mingsheng , Liu Fugang , Xia Zhongyan , Zhang Zhihao , Yang Fan , Zeng Huayan , Wu Yueguo , Huang Jiaxing , Xu Kai , Li Jilian 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiota of the bumblebee is critical as it modulates the health and fitness of the host. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the diversity of bumblebee gut bacteria over a long period of evolution have yet to be elucidated. In particular, the gut bacterial diversity and community assembly processes of
Bombus pyrosoma
across the Chinese border remain unclear. In this study, we systematically carried out unprecedented sampling of 513 workers of the species
Bombus pyrosoma
across the Chinese landscape and used full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine their gut microbiota diversity and biogeography. The gut microbiota composition and community structure of
Bombus pyrosoma
from different geographical locations were diverse. On the whole, the gut bacteria
Gilliamella
and
Snodgrassella
are dominant in bumblebees, but opportunistic pathogens
Serratia
and
Pseudomonas
are dominant in some sampling sites such as Hb15, Gs1, Gs45, Qhs15, and Ssx35. All or part of environmental factors such as latitude, annual mean temperature, elevation, human footprint, population density, and annual precipitation can affect the alpha diversity and community structure of gut bacteria. Further analysis showed that the assembly and shift of bumblebee gut bacterial communities under geographical variation were mainly driven by the stochastic drift of the neutral process rather than by variable selection of niche differentiation. In conclusion, our unprecedented sampling uncovers bumblebee gut microbiome diversity and shifts over evolutionary time.

IMPORTANCE

The microbiotas associated with organisms facilitates host health and fitness, and the homeostasis status of gut microbiota also reflects the habitat security faced by the host. In addition, managing gut microbiota is important to improve bumblebee health by understanding the ecological process of the gut microbiome. Thus, we first carried out an runprecedented sampling of 513 workers of the species
Bombus pyrosoma
across the Chinese landscape and used full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to uncover their gut microbiota diversity and biogeography. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of gut microbiome diversity and shifts for Chinese Bumblebee over evolutionary time.
Pangenome comparison of
Bacteroides fragilis
genomospecies unveils genetic diversity and ecological insights
Authors: Oles Renee E. , Carrillo Terrazas Marvic , Loomis Luke R. , Hsu Chia-Yun , Tribelhorn Caitlin , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Ea Allison C. , Bryant MacKenzie , Young Jocelyn A. , Carrow Hannah C. , Sandborn William J. , Dulai Parambir S. , Sivagnanam Mamata , Pride David , Knight Rob , Chu Hiutung 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteroides fragilis
is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium commonly found in the human colon, which differentiates into two genomospecies termed divisions I and II. Through a comprehensive collection of 694
B. fragilis
whole genome sequences, we identify novel features distinguishing these divisions. Our study reveals a distinct geographic distribution with division I strains predominantly found in North America and division II strains in Asia. Additionally, division II strains are more frequently associated with bloodstream infections, suggesting a distinct pathogenic potential. We report differences between the two divisions in gene abundance related to metabolism, virulence, stress response, and colonization strategies. Notably, division II strains harbor more antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes than division I strains. These findings offer new insights into the functional roles of division I and II strains, indicating specialized niches within the intestine and potential pathogenic roles in extraintestinal sites.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the distinct functions of microbial species in the gut microbiome is crucial for deciphering their impact on human health. Classifying division II strains as
Bacteroides fragilis
can lead to erroneous associations, as researchers may mistakenly attribute characteristics observed in division II strains to the more extensively studied division I
B. fragilis
. Our findings underscore the necessity of recognizing these divisions as separate species with distinct functions. We unveil new findings of differential gene prevalence between division I and II strains in genes associated with intestinal colonization and survival strategies, potentially influencing their role as gut commensals and their pathogenicity in extraintestinal sites. Despite the significant niche overlap and colonization patterns between these groups, our study highlights the complex dynamics that govern strain distribution and behavior, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of these microorganisms.
Prevotella copri
alleviates hyperglycemia and regulates gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in mice
Authors: Yang Caixin , Lan Ruiting , Zhao Lijun , Pu Ji , Hu Dalong , Yang Jing , Zhou Huimin , Han Lichao , Ye Lin , Jin Dong , Xu Jianguo , Liu Liyun 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Prevotella copri
is the dominant species of the
Prevotella
genus in the gut, which is genomically heterogeneous and difficult to isolate; hence, scarce research was carried out for this species. This study aimed to investigate the effect of
P. copri
on hyperglycemia. Thirty-nine strains were isolated from healthy individuals, and three strains (HF2123, HF1478, and HF2130) that had the highest glucose consumption were selected to evaluate the effects of
P. copri
supplementation on hyperglycemia. Microbiomics and non-target metabolomics were used to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Oral administration of
P. copri
in diabetic db/db mice increased the expression and secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), significantly improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation, and alleviated the pathological morphology in the pancreas, liver, and colon.
P. copri
changed the composition of the gut microbiota of diabetic db/db mice, which was characterized by increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of genera
Bacteroides
,
Akkermansia
, and
Faecalibacterium
. After intervention with
P. copri
, fecal metabolic profiling showed that fumaric acid and homocysteine contents decreased, and glutamine contents increased. Furthermore, amino acid metabolism and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways were enriched. Our findings indicate that
P. copri
improved glucose metabolism abnormalities in diabetic db/db mice. Especially, one of the
P. copri
strains, HF2130, has shown superior performance in improving hyperglycemia, which may have the potential as a probiotic against hyperglycemia.

IMPORTANCE

As a core member of the human intestinal ecosystem,
Prevotelal copri
has been associated with glucose metabolic homeostasis in previous studies. However, these results have often been derived from metagenomic studies, and the experimental studies have been based solely on the type of strain DSM 18205
T
. Therefore, more experimental evidence from additional isolates is needed to validate the results according to their high genomic heterogeneity. In this study, we isolated different branches of strains and demonstrated that
P. copri
could improve the metabolic profile of hyperglycemic mice by modulating microbial activity. This finding supports the causal contribution of
P. copri
in host glucose metabolism.
Digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention of high-risk pregnant women: a study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lin Lihua , Dong Jiayi , Wang Youxin , Song Libin , Ye Xiaoyan , Chen Xingying , Miao Chong , Lin Juan 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDigital therapeutics have been approved as a treatment aid for various medical conditions and are increasingly prevalent. Despite numerous studies on the potential of digital therapeutic interventions in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), there is a critical need for more high-quality, large-scale studies to validate their effectiveness. This need arises from the inconsistencies in results and variations in the quality of previous research.Methods and analysisWe propose a non-randomised controlled trial involving 800 high-risk pregnant women in 6 maternity and child health hospitals in Fujian, China. This study aims to investigate the role and effectiveness of digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention in managing the health of pregnant women at high risk for GDM. The study will compare the differences in GDM prevalence, pregnancy weight management and other pregnancy-related health outcomes between pregnant women who received digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention and those in the control group. The intervention includes dietary guidance, a personalised physical activity programme and lifestyle improvement strategies delivered through a smartphone app. Primary outcomes include the incidence of GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation and gestational weight gain (GWG). Secondary outcomes comprise improvements in individual lifestyle and risk factors, nutritional issues, implementation outcomes and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Ethics and dissemination sectionThe trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 2023KY046), Jianyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: A202401), Fuqing Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: FY2024003), Changting Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 202401), Datian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: dtfy202401) and Quanzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 2024(50)). We will disseminate our findings by publishing articles in leading peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300071496.
Formative qualitative research on the potential for digital solutions to address diabetes care gaps in Tanzania and Sri Lanka
Authors: Jackson-Morris Angela M , Calopietro Michael J , Krishnamurthy Reddiar Sumithra , Kataria Ishu , Ramaiya Kaushik , Sumanathilleke Manilka R , Wickramasinghe Champika , Salum Bakari , Ubuguyu Omary , Ngilangwa David P , Shayo Festo K , Sinnathamby Vijayapala , Sandunika de Silva Appu Hennedi Totahewage Lihini 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesDiabetes care remains unavailable and unaffordable for many people. Adapting models of care to low-income and middle-income country contexts is a priority. Digital technology offers substantial potential yet must surmount health system, technological and acceptability issues. This formative research aimed to identify the potential for a digital technology solution (Diabetes Compass) to address diabetes care gaps in primary healthcare.DesignQualitative research was conducted in selected districts of Sri Lanka and Tanzania with practitioners, patients and family members. In-depth interviews assessed how digital solutions may improve diabetes care, acceptability and usability; contextual and clinical observations identified practitioner clinical competencies, strengths and weaknesses, and the influence of the care environment on service delivery; and workshop discussions explored strategies to encourage digital solution uptake and sustain use.SettingThe research was undertaken in 2022 at nine health facilities in Sri Lanka’s Southern Province (Galle), and 16 health facilities in Tanzania’s Lindi and Pwani Regions.ParticipantsParticipants included primary and secondary care practitioners, facility managers, patients and family members.ResultsThere was striking concordance in the diabetes care gaps and potential for digital solutions in the two countries, and between practitioners, patients and family members. Five main gaps were practitioner training; health information systems and data; service delivery; infrastructure, equipment and medication; and community awareness and knowledge. Practitioners, patients and family members saw strong potential for digital solutions to improve early detection, diagnosis, secondary prevention of complications and improve patients’ and families’ experience of living with diabetes. They identified specific design and implementation considerations to enable the Diabetes Compass to realistically meet these needs and overcome challenges.ConclusionThere was a strong appetite among practitioners, patients and family members for a digital solution to strengthen diabetes care. Their experience of challenges and practical recommendations informed the Diabetes Compass design.
Barriers and facilitators to perinatal care of women with disabilities in lower- and middle-income countries: a study protocol for scoping review of qualitative studies
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Hameed Waqas , Sohail Malik Muhammad , Saleem Sarah , Hayward Mark , Turan Janet M 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals have put emphasis on equitable healthcare access for marginalised groups and communities. The number of women with disabilities (WWD) to marry and have children is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these women experience multifaceted challenges to seeking perinatal care in LMICs. The objective of this scoping review is to document key facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care by WWD. We also will propose strategies for inclusive perinatal healthcare services for women with disabilities in LMICs.MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (published reports) of qualitative and mixed-methods studies on facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care for women with functional disabilities from 2010 to 2023 in LMICs. An electronic search will be conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Two researchers will independently assess whether studies meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion based on the title, abstract and a full-text review.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review is based on published literature and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences related to reproductive health, disability and inclusive health forums.
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Ma Christopher , Hirschfield Gideon , Walmsley Martine , Hanford Paula , Vesterhus Mette , Kowdley Kris , Bergquist Annika , Ponsioen Cyriel , Levy Cynthia , Assis David , Schramm Christoph , Bowlus Christopher , Trauner Michael , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Jairath Vipul , Trivedi Palak J 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive immune-mediated liver disease, for which no medical therapy has been shown to slow disease progression. However, the horizon for new therapies is encouraging, with several innovative clinical trials in progress. Despite these advancements, there is considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes studied, with lack of consensus as to what outcomes to measure, when to measure and how to measure. Furthermore, there has been a paradigm shift in PSC treatment targets over recent years, moving from biochemistry-based endpoints to histological assessment of liver fibrosis, imaging-based biomarkers and patient-reported outcome measures. The abundance of new interventional trials and evolving endpoints pose opportunities for all stakeholders involved in evaluating novel therapies. To this effect, there is a need to harmonise measures used in clinical trials through the development of a core outcome set (COS).Methods and analysisSynthesis of a PSC-specific COS will be conducted in four stages. Initially, a systematic literature review will be performed to identify outcomes previously used in PSC trials, followed by semistructured qualitative interviews conducted with key stakeholders. The latter may include patients, clinicians, researchers, pharmaceutical industry representatives and healthcare payers and regulatory agencies, to identify additional outcomes of importance. Using the outcomes generated from the literature review and stakeholder interviews, an international two-round Delphi survey will be conducted to prioritise outcomes for inclusion in the COS. Finally, a consensus meeting will be convened to ratify the COS and disseminate findings for application in future PSC trials.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the East Midlands—Leicester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 24/EM/0126) for this study. The COS from this study will be widely disseminated including publication in peer-reviewed journals, international conferences, promotion through patient-support groups and made available on the Core Outcomes Measurement in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database.Trial registration number1239.