bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human rhinovirus infection during naturally occurring COPD exacerbations
Authors: George Sîobhán N. , Garcha Davinder S. , Mackay Alexander J. , Patel Anant R.C. , Singh Richa , Sapsford Raymond J. , Donaldson Gavin C. , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. 
Published: March 2014

Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection is an important trigger of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its role in determining exacerbation frequency phenotype or the time-course of HRV infection in naturally occurring exacerbations is unknown.Sputum samples from 77 patients were analysed by real-time quantitative PCR for both HRV (388 samples), andStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzaeandMoraxella catarrhalis(89 samples). Patients recorded worsening of respiratory symptoms on daily diary cards, from which exacerbations were identified.HRV prevalence and load at exacerbation presentation were significantly higher than in the stable state (prevalence 53.3%versus17.2%, respectively; p<0.001) but 0% by day 35 post-exacerbation. HRV load was higher in patients with cold symptoms (p=0.046) or sore throats (p=0.006) than those without. 73% of bacterium-negative but HRV-positive exacerbations were bacterium-positive by day 14. Patients with HRV detected at exacerbation had a higher exacerbation frequency (interquartile range) of 3.01 (2.02–5.30) per year compared with patients without HRV (2.51 (2.00–3.51)) (p=0.038).HRV prevalence and load increased at COPD exacerbation, and resolved during recovery. Frequent exacerbators were more likely to experience HRV infection. Secondary bacterial infection is common after HRV infection, and provides a possible mechanism for exacerbation recurrence and a potential target for novel therapies.
Role of PAX8 in the regulation of MET and RON receptor tyrosine kinases in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kanteti Rajani , El-Hashani Essam , Dhanasingh Immanuel , Tretiakova Maria , Husain Aliya N , Sharma Sherven , Sharma Jay , Vokes Everett E , Salgia Ravi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are highly heterogeneous at the molecular level and comprise 75% of all lung tumors. We have previously shown that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET frequently suffers gain-of-function mutations that significantly promote lung tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies from our lab also revealed that PAX5 transcription factor is preferentially expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and promotes MET transcription. PAX8, however, is also expressed in NSCLC cell lines. We therefore investigated the role of PAX8 in NSCLC.

Methods
Using IHC analysis, PAX8 protein expression was determined in archival NSCLC tumor tissues (n = 254). In order to study the effects of PAX8 knockdown on NSCLC cellular functions such as apoptosis and motility, siRNA against PAX8 was used. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the localization of MET, RON and PAX8. The combinatorial effect of PAX8 knockdown and MET inhibition using SU11274 was investigated in NSCLC cell viability assay.

Results
Relative levels of PAX8 protein were elevated (≥ + 2 on a scale of 0–3) in adenocarcinoma (58/94), large cell carcinoma (50/85), squamous cell carcinoma (28/47), and metastatic NSCLC (17/28; lymph node). Utilizing early progenitors isolated from NSCLC cell lines and fresh tumor tissues, we observed robust overexpression of PAX8, MET, and RON. PAX8 knockdown A549 cells revealed abrogated PAX8 expression with a concomitant loss in MET and the related RON kinase expression. A dramatic colocalization between the active form of MET (also RON) and PAX8 upon challenging A549 cells with HGF was visualized. A similar colocalization of MET and EGL5 (PAX8 ortholog) proteins was found in embryos of C. elegans. Most importantly, knockdown of PAX8 in A549 cells resulted in enhanced apoptosis (~6 fold) and decreased cell motility (~45%), thereby making PAX8 a potential therapeutic target. However, the combinatorial approach of PAX8 knockdown and treatment with MET inhibitor, SU11274, had marginal additive effect on loss of NSCLC cell viability.

Conclusion
PAX8 provides signals for growth and motility of NSCLC cells and is necessary for MET and RON expression. Further investigations are necessary to investigate the therapeutic potential of PA8 in NSCLC.
Comparison of alternative mixture model methods to analyze bacterial CGH experiments with multi-genome arrays
Authors: Cardoso Liliana Sofia , Suissas Cláudia Elvas , Ramirez Mário , Antunes Marília , Pinto Francisco Rodrigues 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is used for rapid comparison of genomes of different bacterial strains. The purpose is to evaluate the distribution of genes from sequenced bacterial strains (control) among unsequenced strains (test). We previously compared the use of single strain versus multiple strain control with arrays covering multiple genomes. The conclusion was that a multiple strain control promoted a better separation of signals between present and absent genes.

Findings
We now extend our previous study by applying the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to fit a mixture model to the signal distribution in order to classify each gene as present or absent and by comparing different methods for analyzing aCGH data, using combinations of different control strain choices, two different statistical mixture models, with or without normalization, with or without logarithm transformation and with test-over-control or inverse signal ratio calculation. We also assessed the impact of replication on classification accuracy. Higher values of accuracy have been achieved using the ratio of control-over-test intensities, without logarithmic transformation and with a strain mix control. Normalization and the type of mixture model fitted by the EM algorithm did not have a significant impact on classification accuracy. Similarly, using the average of replicate arrays to perform the classification does not significantly improve the results.

Conclusions
Our work provides a guiding benchmark comparison of alternative methods to analyze aCGH results that can impact on the analysis of currently ongoing comparative genomic projects or in the re-analysis of published studies.
Culture bag systems for clinical applications of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells
Authors: Greiner Johannes FW , Grunwald Lena-Marie , Müller Janine , Sudhoff Holger , Widera Darius , Kaltschmidt Christian , Kaltschmidt Barbara 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Facing the challenging treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as well as complex craniofacial injuries such as those common after cancer therapy, the field of regenerative medicine increasingly relies on stem cell transplantation strategies. Here, neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) offer many promising applications, although scale up of clinical-grade processes prior to potential transplantations is currently limiting. In this study, we aimed to establish a clinical-grade, cost-reducing cultivation system for NCSCs isolated from the adult human nose using cGMP-grade Afc-FEP bags.

Methods
We cultivated human neural crest-derived stem cells from inferior turbinate (ITSCs) in a cell culture bag system using Afc-FEP bags in human blood plasma-supplemented medium. Investigations of viability, proliferation and expression profile of bag-cultured ITSCs were followed by DNA-content and telomerase activity determination. Cultivated ITSCs were introduced to directed in vitro differentiation assays to assess their potential for mesodermal and ectodermal differentiation. Mesodermal differentiation was determined using an enzyme activity assay (alkaline phosphatase, ALP), respective stainings (Alizarin Red S, Von Kossa and Oil Red O), and RT-PCR, while immunocytochemistry and synaptic vesicle recycling were applied to assay neuroectodermal differentiation of ITSCs.

Results
When cultivated within Afc-FEP bags, ITSCs grew three-dimensionally in a human blood plasma-derived matrix, thereby showing unchanged morphology, proliferation capability, viability and expression profile in comparison to three dimensionally-cultured ITSCs growing in standard cell culture plastics. Genetic stability of bag-cultured ITSCs was further accompanied by unchanged telomerase activity. Importantly, ITSCs retained their potential to differentiate into mesodermal cell types, particularly including ALP-active, Alizarin Red S-, and Von Kossa-positive osteogenic cell types, as well as adipocytes positive in Oil Red O assays. Bag culture further did not affect the potential of ITSCs to undergo differentiation into neuroectodermal cell types coexpressing β-III-tubulin and MAP2 and exhibiting the capability for synaptic vesicle recycling.

Conclusions
Here, we report for the first time the successful cultivation of human NCSCs within cGMP-grade Afc-FEP bags using a human blood plasma-supplemented medium. Our findings particularly demonstrate the unchanged differentiation capability and genetic stability of the cultivated NCSCs, suggesting the great potential of this culture system for future medical applications in the field of regenerative medicine.
Blood Thrombogenicity Is Independently Associated With Serum TSH Levels in Post–Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Viswanathan Girish , Balasubramaniam Karthik , Hardy Richard , Marshall Sally , Zaman Azfar , Razvi Salman 
Published: March 2014

Context:
Higher serum TSH levels, both within the reference range and in those with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), have been associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) events in a number of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Objective:
Our objective was to evaluate blood thrombogenicity in patients post–non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in relation to their thyroid function.

Design, Patients, and Outcome Measure:
At 1 week after troponin-positive NSTE-ACS, 70 patients who had been treated with optimal antiplatelet and secondary prevention therapy were studied. Patients with known thyroid disease or on medications affecting thyroid function were excluded. Blood thrombogenicity was assessed using the ex vivo Badimon perfusion chamber.

Results:
Serum TSH was associated with higher thrombus burden (β = .30; P = .01) independent of other well-established CV risk factors. Patients with SCH (n = 12; 17%) had a higher thrombus burden than euthyroid individuals as evidenced by the area of the thrombus: mean (SD) 23 608 (10 498) vs 16 661 (10 902) μm2/mm (P = .02). However, this association was not evident when the analysis was limited to patients with serum TSH within the reference range. In addition, neither serum free T4 nor free T3 had any significant association with thrombus area.

Conclusion:
Serum TSH levels, particularly in the SCH range, are associated with higher thrombus burden despite optimal recommended secondary prevention therapy after NSTE-ACS. This may explain the higher CV risk seen in SCH patients. Future trials to assess the effect of individualized antithrombotic as well as thyroid hormone replacement therapy to reduce atherothrombotic risk in this population are needed.
Skeletal Muscle Fuel Selection Occurs at the Mitochondrial Level
Authors: Kuzmiak-Glancy Sarah , Willis Wayne T. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Mammals exponentially increase the rate of carbohydrate oxidation as exercise intensity rises, while birds combust lipid almost exclusively while flying at high percentages of aerobic capacity. The fuel oxidized by contracting muscle depends on many factors: whole body fuel storage masses, mobilization, blood transport, cellular uptake, and substrate selection at the level of the mitochondrion. We examined the fuel preferences of mitochondria isolated from mammalian and avian locomotory muscles using two approaches. First, the influence of substrates on the kinetics of respiration (KMADP and Vmax) was evaluated. For all substrates and combinations, KMADP was generally two-fold higher in avian mitochondria. Second, fuel competition between pyruvate, glutamate, and/or palmitoyl-l-carnitine at three levels of ATP free energy was determined using the principle of mass balance and the measured rates of O2 consumption and metabolite accumulation/utilization. Avian mitochondria strongly spared pyruvate from oxidation when another substrate was available and fatty acid was the dominant substrate, regardless of energy state. Mammalian mitochondria exhibited some preference for fatty acid over pyruvate at lower flux (higher energy state), but exhibited much greater tendency to select pyruvate and glutamate when available. Studies in sonicated mitochondria revealed two-fold higher electron transport chain electron conductance in avian mitochondria. We conclude that substantial fuel selection occurs at the level of the mitochondrial matrix and that avian flight muscle mitochondria are particularly biased toward the selection of fatty acid, possibly by facilitating high β-oxidation flux by maintaining a more oxidized matrix.
Nonadiabatic Electronic Dynamics in Isolated Molecules and in Solution Studied by Ultrafast Time–Energy Mapping of Photoelectron Distributions
Authors: Suzuki Toshinori 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Nonadiabatic electronic dynamics contribute to the diversity of chemical reactions. We investigate nonadiabatic dynamics in isolated molecules and aqueous solutions by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. For isolated molecules in the gas phase, we combine two-dimensional imaging detection of electrons and a sub-20 fs deep UV and vacuum UV light source to measure time-evolution of the photoelectron kinetic energy and angular distributions. Time–energy mapping of photoelectron angular anisotropy reveals the S2 → S1 internal conversion dynamics through conical intersection in pyrazine, benzene, and toluene. The time–energy mapping is also employed to extract the photoelectron angular distribution in the molecular frame for nitric oxide. For electronic dynamics in aqueous solution, we employ time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a liquid beam and an electrostatic or a time-of-flight electron energy analyzer. Successful observation of ultrafast electron-transfer reactions in aqueous solutions and measurement of electron binding energies of solvated species suggest promising future developments of this very young field.
Postoperative visual loss following cerebral arteriovenous malformation surgery: a case report
Authors: Goettel Nicolai , Ghosh Jayati , Tymianski Michael , Manninen Pirjo H 
Published: March 2014

We report the case of a 46 year-old woman presenting with unilateral postoperative visual loss after right frontal craniotomy for resection of an arteriovenous malformation in the supine position.The intraoperative course was uneventful with maintenance of hemodynamic stability. Blood loss was 300 ml; postoperative hemoglobin was 12.4 g/dl. In the recovery room, the patient reported loss of vision in her right eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed decreased visual acuity, color vision, and visual field. Assessment of the retina was normal, but the patient showed a relative afferent pupillary defect consistent with the clinical diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy. Postoperative computer tomogram showed normal perfusion of ophthalmic artery and vein, no hemorrhage or signs of cerebral ischemia or edema. The patient recovered most of her vision 3 months after surgery.Anesthesiologists should be aware that this condition may follow uncomplicated intracranial surgeries in the supine position, and should obtain prompt ophthalmologic consultation when a patient develops postoperative visual loss.
The Long-Run Role of the Media: Evidence from Initial Public Offerings
Authors: Liu Laura Xiaolei , Sherman Ann E. , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2014

The unique characteristics of the U.S. initial public offering (IPO) process, particularly the strict quiet period regulations, allow us to explore the effects of media coverage when the coverage does not contain genuine news (i.e., hard information that was previously unknown). We show that a simple, objective measure of pre-IPO media coverage is positively related to the stock's long-term value, liquidity, analyst coverage, and institutional investor ownership. Our results are robust to additional controls for size, to using abnormal or excess media, and to an instrumental variable approach. We also find that pre-IPO media coverage is negatively related to future expected returns, measured by the implied cost of capital. In all, we find a long-term role for media coverage, consistent with Merton's attention or investor recognition hypothesis. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Modeling the Dispersion of a Tracer Gas in a Model Room: Comparison Between the Large Eddy Simulation Method and a Euler Approach
Authors: Chafi F. Z. , Hallé S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, indoor tracer-gas concentration and temperature profiles obtained by a large-eddy simulation (LES) and an inviscid model based on Euler equations are presented. The numerical results from these two approaches are compared with experimental results, available in the literature, for both mixing jet and displacement ventilation strategies. The numerical results reveal that the ventilation strategy changes the dispersion of the tracer gas in the model room to a significant degree. Comparison between LES, Euler, and experimental data shows that the LES model can simulate the tracer-gas concentration and temperature distribution relatively well. Comparison between LES models, Euler, and experimental data show that the LES models simulate the concentration of the tracer gas and the temperature distribution reasonably well. The results of this model coincide well with the experimental results. The same finding was observed by the Euler model. Performance of this approach for evaluation of indoor air quality has been verified for two ventilation strategies. Differences from 3 to 4.7 % were observed between the Euler model and experimental results. The efficiency of ventilation obtained from the Euler model is almost identical to the experimental values with a calculation time less than that obtained by the LES model. The Euler model has its limits only when it comes to high velocities (near air outlets). Generally, a room's air flows are low so in this case, the Euler model can predict the concentration of pollutants effectively.
Crystal structure of ethyl 6-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C13H13NO3
Authors: Garudachari B. , Islor Arun M. , Satyanarayan M. N. , Gerber Thomas , Hosten Eric , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C13H13NO3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.886(3) Å, b = 12.763(2) Å, c = 8.175(1) Å, β = 107.756(4)°, V = 2274.3 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0599, wRref(F2) = 0.1487, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of dichlorido[tris(pyrazolyl)borate]triphenylphosphinerhenium(III), C27H25BCl2N6PRe
Authors: Zhang Ran , Nie Jing , Zhang Li-Fang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C27H25BCl2N6PRe, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.404(2) Å, b = 20.006(4) Å, c = 13.391(3) Å, β = 92.74(3)°, V = 2784.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0205, wRref(F2) = 0.0449, T = 123 K.
Crystal structure of (benzoylacetonato-κ2O,O')dichloridodimethoxidotantalum(V), C12H15Cl2O4Ta
Authors: Herbst Leandra , Visser Hendrik G. , Roodt Andreas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C12H15Cl2O4Ta, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.318(5) Å, b = 12.194(4) Å, c = 7.982(5) Å, β = 93.990(4)°, V = 1487.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0296, wRref(F2) = 0.0639, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphospine-κP)(methanol-κO)(tetrafluoroborate-κF)silver(I), [Ag(PPh3)2(CH3OH)BF4], C37H34AgBF4OP2
Authors: Gao Sen , Qiu Qi-Ming , Liu Min , Jiang Yu-Han , Jin Qiong-Hua 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C37H34AgBF4OP2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.748(1) Å, b = 12.757(1) Å, c = 19.716(2) Å, β = 92.657(1)°, V = 3454.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0361, wRref(F2) = 0.1018, T = 298 K.
The pseudosymmetric crystal structure of bis((dimethylphosphoryl)-methanaminium oxonium tribromide, C6H25Br3N2O3P2
Authors: Reiss Guido J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C6H25Br3N2O3P2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.4183(3) Å, b = 11.5741(3) Å, c = 14.0587(4) Å, α = 87.417(2)°, β = 89.011(3)°, γ = 89.044(2)°, V = 1693.04(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0418, wRref(F2) = 0.0752, T = 109 K.
Crystal structure of (S)-N-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide, C17H20N2O2
Authors: Cele Zamani E. D. , Bhatt Pralav , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E. M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract C17H20N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1759(1) Å, b = 13.2258(2) Å, c = 15.6553(3) Å, V = 1485.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0283, wRref(F2) = 0.0797, T = 173 K.
Field-Assembled Polymer Composites
Authors: Martin James E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper we show that a wide variety of composite structures can be obtained from structuring with multiaxial fields. The properties of these composites are highly responsive to field structuring and so significant increases in a variety of properties can be obtained. These composites have application as high-strain actuators, strain and temperature sensors, chemical sensors, and as thermal interface materials. We discuss these issues and provide a general summary of the research we have done in this area.
III-V Lattice-Mismatched and III-V-N Materials for Super High Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Ikeda Kazuma , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Bouzazi Boussairi , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe review recent progresses on in-situ observation of lattice relaxation of III-V lattice-mismatched system and analyses of defect properties in III-V-N solar cell materials. We found that there were five phases during the InGaAs growth on GaAs substrate. The transition point of the dominant dislocation behavior could be determined precisely. We also found that compositionally step-graded InGaAs/GaAs(001) buffers with overshooting (OS) layers were effective to control the strain of the top layer from tensile to compression. To understand the defect properties that dominate the electrical property of CBE-grown GaAsN films, we characterized deep levels in CBE-grown GaAsN films by DLTS. In this characterization, a well-known electron trap E1 (Ec-0.33eV) center in n-GaAsN and p-GaAsN was confirmed to be non-radiative recombination center by using double-carrier pulse DLTS.