bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of formic acid by extremely thermoacidophilic archaea species
Authors: Tejedor‐Sanz Sara , Song Young Eun , Sundstrom Eric R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe exploration of novel hosts with the ability to assimilate formic acid, a C1 substrate that can be produced from renewable electrons and CO2, is of great relevance for developing novel and sustainable biomanufacturing platforms. Formatotrophs can use formic acid or formate as a carbon and/or reducing power source. Formatotrophy has typically been studied in neutrophilic microorganisms because formic acid toxicity increases in acidic environments below the pKa of 3.75 (25°C). Because of this toxicity challenge, utilization of formic acid as either a carbon or energy source has been largely unexplored in thermoacidophiles, species that possess the ability to produce a variety of metabolites and enzymes of high biotechnological relevance. Here we investigate the capacity of several thermoacidophilic archaea species from the Sulfolobales order to tolerate and metabolize formic acid. Metallosphaera prunae, Sulfolobus metallicus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarium were found to metabolize and grow with 1–2 mM of formic acid in batch cultivations. Formic acid was co‐utilized by this species alongside physiological electron donors, including ferrous iron. To enhance formic acid utilization while maintaining aqueous concentrations below the toxicity threshold, we developed a bioreactor culturing method based on a sequential formic acid feeding strategy. By dosing small amounts of formic acid sequentially and feeding H2 as co‐substrate, M. prunae could utilize a total of 16.3 mM of formic acid and grow to higher cell densities than when H2 was supplied as a sole electron donor. These results demonstrate the viability of culturing thermoacidophilic species with formic acid as an auxiliary substrate in bioreactors to obtain higher cell densities than those yielded by conventional autotrophic conditions. Our work underscores the significance of formic acid metabolism in extreme habitats and holds promise for biotechnological applications in the realm of sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
Discovering and measuring giant trees through the integration of multi‐platform lidar data
Authors: Ren Yu , Guan Hongcan , Yang Haitao , Su Yanjun , Tao Shengli , Cheng Kai , Li Wenkai , Yang Zekun , Huang Guoran , Li Cheng , Xu Guangcai , Lu Zhi , Guo Qinghua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Giant trees are pivotal in forest ecosystems, yet our current understanding of their significance is constrained primarily by the limited knowledge of their precise locations and structural characteristics. Amidst escalating human‐induced disturbances globally, there is an urgent need to devise a practical approach to discover and measure giant trees accurately and efficiently.

Here, we propose a novel light detection and ranging (lidar)‐based framework designed for the discovery and measurement of giant trees. Our framework integrates cutting‐edge lidar platforms, including spaceborne, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and backpack lidar, to create an end‐to‐end workflow. The algorithm involved in the proposed framework was compiled into a code package and made available as open source.

The method successfully identified the tallest trees in China, including the tallest tree in Asia, a Cupressus austrotibetica with a height of 102.3 m, discovered in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in May 2023. This finding has not only established a new record but also demonstrated the efficacy of our proposed framework. Utilising lidar data, we performed meticulous measurements at both individual and stand levels, revealing the unique characteristics of this giant tree.

The new framework for the discovery and measurement of giant trees, encompassing detailed procedures and codes, is expected to facilitate the discovery and measurement of giant trees with high efficiency, thus fostering advancements in giant tree ecology.
Parent–child interaction after home‐visiting intervention for children born extremely preterm–A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Baraldi Erika , Allodi Mara Westling , Löwing Kristina , Wadström Noni , Smedler Ann‐Charlotte , Örtqvist Maria , Westrup Björn , Ådén Ulrika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo determine whether a strength‐based home‐visiting program enhances parent–child interaction during the first year at home for children born extremely preterm (gestational age < 28).MethodsA randomised controlled trial of 130 infants born extremely preterm 2018–2021 in Stockholm, allocated to either the Stockholm preterm interaction‐based intervention (SPIBI) (n = 66) or an extended follow‐up program (n = 64). The intervention group received ten home visits during the first year by a trained interventionist following SPIBI guidelines: an interaction‐based intervention supporting sensitive parental responses to infants' signals. The primary outcome of emotional availability was assessed at 12 months corrected age (CA) using the emotional availability scales (EAS).ResultsAt 1‐year CA, data were collected from 115/130 (89%) of the included children. There were no significant group differences in emotional availability at 12 months CA. A secondary analysis showed an effect modifier in families with mothers self‐rated as depressed at discharge, with the outcome favouring intervention in the EAS dimension of child involvement.ConclusionThe SPIBI had no significant main effect on emotional availability at 12 months CA. Children of self‐reported depressed mothers displayed superior involvement behaviour in the intervention group, prompting further research on risk groups and potential modifications of post‐discharge interventions.
Caregivers' response to cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants in the NICU – A quantitative overview
Authors: Cramer Sophie J. E. , van Zanten Henriette A. , Salverda Hylke H. , Hooper Stuart B. , Dekker Janneke , te Pas Arjan B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimCardiorespiratory events in preterm infants pose a major challenge in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit as they require a prompt response. We aimed to describe caregivers' responses to these events.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study in 19 preterm infants (28 ± 2 weeks) on non‐invasive respiratory support using video recordings of the inside of the incubator for 72 (55–72) h. Caregivers' responses to these events were then identified from the videos.ResultsWe recorded and assessed 1851 cardiorespiratory events with a median duration of 11.0 (5.0–23.0) s. No response was observed in the majority of the events (91.5%). In the remaining 8.5% events, caregivers responded by pausing the alarm, adjusting devices and/or providing tactile stimulation with an average response time of 25.4 (13.8–35.9) s. Stimulation was the most observed response and was applied in 38 different ways. On average, stimulation lasted 18.7 (11.6–44.6) s and the cardiorespiratory events were resolved 30.6 (19.5–47.6) s after stimulation started.ConclusionOur study showed that cardiorespiratory events are common in preterm infants in the NICU, but often not followed by intervention of the caregiver. The indication, timing and execution of responses to cardiorespiratory events is highly variable.
Trading one problem for two: The case against tobacco bans
Authors: Doucet Mathieu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe past two decades have seen growing calls for the “tobacco endgame.” Its advocates are united by their commitment to two ideas. First, tobacco‐related harms represent a catastrophic health emergency, and second, current tobacco‐control approaches are an inadequate response to the scale of that emergency. To endgame advocates, tobacco policy should have more ambitious goals than merely “controlling” tobacco. Instead, it should aim to bring about a smoke‐free world. While a range of different policies are included under the umbrella of the “tobacco endgame,” the most radical proposal is for a complete ban on tobacco. Its advocates argue that in addition to improving global public health, an effective ban on tobacco would also promote overall autonomy and would have important egalitarian benefits. This article critically examines these arguments for a tobacco ban. I argue that they rely on idealizing assumptions about the likely effects of a ban. Because an effective ban would require robust enforcement to control the illegal market in tobacco, it would be more likely to undermine autonomy and equality than it would be to promote them. By relying on idealizing assumptions and ignoring the likely consequences of a tobacco ban, advocates of a ban obscure, rather than clarify, both the policy debate and the ethical stakes. I conclude by considering the ways that idealizing assumptions should—and should not—play a role in debates about ethical issues in public policy.
Late Palaeozoic structural evolution of the Patch Bank Ridge and Utsira High, northern North Sea
Authors: Bauck M. S. , Faleide J. I. , Fossen H. , Hassaan M. , Braathen A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the Late Palaeozoic development of the area east of Utsira High in the North Sea, where the stratigraphic section below the late Permian Rotliegend Group is undrilled. We use regional 3D seismic data to study structuring, sediment distribution and geomorphology across the Patch Bank Ridge and Utsira High in the North Sea. The results show that the Stord Basin and the bounding Utsira East fault initially developed during the Late Palaeozoic extension, probably during the Devonian, and that the Utsira Shear Zone controlled the location of Late Palaeozoic depocentres. The Patch Bank Ridge is an uplifted part of the Stord Basin where we identify Late Palaeozoic growth strata along the southern and northern flanks, indicating a similar timing of the structural evolution in this area. Two key wells, in the Sele High and Ling Depression, are used to relate a Late Palaeozoic isopach map with regional structuring, surface tilt and basement morphology to the enigmatic parts of the Late Palaeozoic basin system. Our results supplement regional models for the Late Palaeozoic basin development, we suggest that the deeply eroded Devonian half‐grabens preserved on the Utsira High formed parts of an extensive basin system that show stratigraphic expansion towards their bounding faults. The Top Basement surface at these highs offers several distinct geomorphologies that evolved during three periods of exposure, expressed as (i) a tilted and rugose landscape, (ii) distinct drainage networks and (iii) peneplain surfaces. Cover sediments place these landscapes to the (i) Devonian, (ii) Carboniferous/Permian/Triassic and (iii) Late Triassic periods.
Association between plasma Netrin‐1 levels and motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hua Ye , Wang Min , Yao Qingyu , Hu Bin , Lu Feng , Fan Yi , Luo Weifeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and diverse motor and nonmotor symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial but challenging due to reliance on clinical presentation. Recent research suggests potential biomarkers for early detection, including plasma netrin‐1 (NTN‐1), a protein implicated in neuronal survival.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 105 PD patients and 65 healthy controls, assessing plasma NTN‐1 levels and correlating them with clinical characteristics. Statistical analyses explored associations between NTN‐1 levels and PD symptoms, considering demographic factors.ResultsPD patients exhibited significantly lower plasma NTN‐1 levels compared to controls. NTN‐1 demonstrated moderate potential as a PD biomarker. Positive correlations were found between NTN‐1 levels and motor, depression, and cognitive symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed disease duration and NTN‐1 levels as key factors influencing symptom severity. Gender also impacted symptom scores.ConclusionReduced plasma NTN‐1 levels correlate with PD severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker. However, further research is needed to elucidate the roles of NTN‐1 in PD pathophysiology and validate its diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Understanding the involvement of NTN‐1 may lead to personalized management strategies for PD.
Assessing the Role of Primary Heart Failure Etiology on Cardiac Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Firoz Ahad , Yanagida Roh , Kashem Mohammed , Toyoda Yoshiya , Hamad Eman 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are diverse indications for heart transplantation (HTx), often categorized into ischemic (ICM) and nonischemic (NICM) cardiomyopathy. Although there is extensive research comparing the outcomes for these disease processes following certain therapeutic interventions, there are limited data on how recipient etiology impacts post‐HTx survival. Our investigation seeks to identify this relationship.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using adult HTx patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2000 and 2021. Patients with a combined heart–lung transplant or previous HTx were excluded. ICM included coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. NICM included nonischemic dilated (NIDCM), hypertrophic (HCM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathy. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank tests, and multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 42 268 patients were included in our study. Recipients with ICM were older and more likely to be males, obese, diabetics, and smokers. We found that patients with ICM had an increased incidence of transplant CAD (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001) and risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, p < 0.001) compared to NICM. When NICM was expanded, RCM had a similar hazard risk compared to ICM (HR = 1.03, p = 0.650), whereas both NIDCM (HR = 0.81, p < 0.001) and HCM (HR = 0.70, p < 0.001) had improved survival.ConclusionOur study provides evidence to suggest that ICM has decreased survival when compared to NICM. When NICM was expanded, RCM was found to have an increased mortality risk similar to ICM, whereas NIDCM and HCM both had superior outcomes. The clinical implication of this investigation will allow clinicians to better understand the prognosis of certain patient groups.
Evaluation of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by combining myocardial work and triglyceride‐glucose index
Authors: Wu Ting , Chen Lu , Li Yin , Zhang Chunquan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently presents subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The TyG index is a surrogate indicator of insulin resistance and is closely related to heart failure (HF). This study aimed to evaluate subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM by combining myocardial work (MW) and the TyG index and to investigate the risk factors for MW.MethodsThis study included 102 diabetic patients and 78 healthy control subjects, and the diabetic group was divided into three subgroups based on the TyG index. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) were measured in all subjects. GLS and MW were compared between the diabetic and control groups and between subgroups. Regression models were applied to analyze the risk factors for MW in diabetic patients.ResultsGLS, GWI, GCW, and GWE significantly increased, and GWW significantly decreased in the diabetic group (all p < .01). GWI and GCW were significantly lower in the T3 subgroup than in the T1 and T2 subgroups (all p < .05). The TyG index, sex (female), BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol (TC) were independent risk factors for GWI and GCW, and HbA1c was an independent risk factor for GWI.ConclusionsMW accurately revealed subtle changes in subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients. An elevated TyG index was strongly associated with decreased GWI and GCW. The TyG index, sex (female), BMI, SBP, and TC were independent risk factors for GWI and GCW, and HbA1c was an independent risk factor for GWI.
Febrile seizures and childhood epilepsy and risk of internalizing and psychotic symptoms
Authors: Nielsen Sofie J. , Bech Bodil H. , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Bølling‐Ladegaard Eva , Cotsapas Chris , Christensen Jakob , Dreier Julie W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether children with febrile seizures and/or epilepsy were at increased risk of experiencing internalizing symptoms or psychotic‐like experiences at age 11 years.MethodsThis cohort study includes 44 819 children from the 11‐year follow up of the Danish National Birth Cohort. Information on childhood seizures was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Registry, whereas child psychiatric symptoms were assessed in a web‐based questionnaire using the Adolescent Psychotic‐like Symptom Screener and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between childhood seizures and internalizing symptoms (symptom score ≥8) and psychotic‐like experiences (≥2 definite experiences) were obtained using logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 1620 children with febrile seizures (3.6%), and 311 children with epilepsy (0.7%) were identified. When adjusted for potential confounders, no association between febrile seizures and psychiatric symptoms was observed, and no association was observed between epilepsy and psychotic‐like experiences. However, the OR for internalizing symptoms was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20–2.58) in children with epilepsy compared to children without. This higher risk was evident mainly in boys (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.37–3.85), children with ≥2 epilepsy‐related hospital admissions (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.81–4.32), and children whose age at first epilepsy‐related hospital admission was 0–3 years (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.45–4.19).SignificanceNo association was found between febrile seizures and psychiatric symptoms or epilepsy and psychotic‐like experiences at age 11. However, boys with epilepsy were at higher risk of experiencing internalizing symptoms.
Sex differences in reduction of trunk muscle mass related to falls and cognitive function during the COVID‐19 pandemic in older adults
Authors: Nagano Masahiro , Kabayama Mai , Ohata Yuka , Kido Michiko , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: August 2024

AimThis study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on physical components and activity, and its relationship to physical performance in older adults.MethodsSixty‐seven participants aged 75 and older (81 ± 2 years, female: 66%), who underwent medical checkups continuously from 2018 to 2022 in one clinic, were enrolled. Muscle mass was assessed by the biometrical impedance analysis method, which was adjusted by height squared. Physical, oral, and cognitive performance data were obtained from Japanese standard questionnaires at medical checkups. Values obtained in 2018 and 2019 were defined as pre‐pandemic, and those in 2021 and 2022 were defined as during the pandemic.ResultsBody weight, grip strength, and skeletal mass index did not change from 2018 to 2022, but trunk muscle mass index decreased significantly. A difference in the trunk muscle mass index (TMI) was observed between 2022 and 2018/2019 in men; however, a significant difference was found between 2021 and 2022 in women. Compared with the pre‐pandemic period, TMI during the pandemic decreased only in men. The difference in TMI between the pre‐pandemic period and during the pandemic (ΔTMI) was significantly decreased in participants with low physical activity and poor oral performance before the pandemic, and in those with falls and poor cognitive function during the pandemic only in men.ConclusionReduction of trunk muscle mass was related to falls and poor cognitive function during the COVID‐19 pandemic in older male adults. These data suggest that the difference in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic between men and women necessitates different types of support for older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••.
Gender‐based violence in India and feminist organizing of Women's Court's work for its prevention
Authors: Barhoi Poonam , Nambudiri Ranjeet , Thomas Nobin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article explores obstacles that Gender‐based violence (GBV) survivors face in approaching gender justice and organizations working for GBV prevention. Through an ethnographic engagement with an all‐women organization–the women's court–in India that works to prevent and resolve GBV cases, we explore the challenges in GBV interventions. While survivors' agency and their perspectives on violence and justice have often been ignored, women's courts work with a restorative approach to prioritize women's voices. Employing a postcolonial feminist approach, the study unveils challenges in attaining gender justice through a discussion on (i) the inaccessible language of law and the persuasion paradox, (ii) power relations and intersectional barriers, and (iii) the post‐administrative realities of survivors. Further, the study explores the role of feminist solidarity and strategies for resistance in GBV work. The study extends the understanding of intersectional barriers in approaching gender justice and discusses the voice and voicelessness paradigms of victims/survivors and women's court members.