bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying bioturbation of a simulated ash fall event
Authors: Todd Joe A. , Austin William E. N. , Abbott Peter M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Tephrochronology allows the establishment of ‘isochrons’ between marine, lacustrine, terrestrial and ice cores, typically based on the geochemical fingerprint of the tephra. The development of cryptotephrochronology has revealed a vast inventory of isochrons which hold the potential to improve stratigraphic correlation and identify systemic leads and lags in periods of rapid climate change. Unfortunately, bioturbation acts to blur these isochrons, reducing the temporal resolution in marine and lacustrine records. In order to better resolve these event horizons, we require a better understanding of bioturbative processes, and the depth and time over which they operate. To this end, an ash fall event was simulated on the intertidal zone of the Eden Estuary, Fife, Scotland and sediment cores were collected over 10 days. A novel approach to tephra quantification was developed, using the imaging software ImageJ. Our results showed limited bioturbation (mixed depth=18 mm), most likely owing to the fine grain size, low-energy environment and the resulting faunal composition of the sediments. These results imply a strong ecological control on bioturbation, and suggest that inferences may be made about palaeoenvironments from the observed bioturbation profiles.

supplementary material:

The ImageJ macro used in this study, as well as raw tephra concentration data and details of the method validation are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18725
.
Quaternary evolution of the Cordillera Frontal piedmont between
c.
33° and 34°S Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Zárate M. A. , Mehl A. , Perucca L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The piedmont of Cordillera Frontal between
c.
33° and 34°S (Mendoza, Argentina) is a highly populated area deeply modified by human activities, known as Valle de Uco. It is situated within the borderland region of the geological provinces of Cordillera Frontal and Cuyo basin. The landscape is dominantly composed of both erosional and depositional landforms made of fluvio-aeolian deposits fractured and folded by tectonic processes together with some landforms of volcanic origin. Alluvial fans, related to several aggradational cycles of Quaternary age, are the most remarkable geomorphological units. Several tectonic features are present giving rise to conspicuous morphological features. Some of the streams are structurally controlled by faults while several drainage anomalies that indicate active tectonic processes have been identified. The Late Quaternary alluvial sequences, dominantly comprising sandy and silty deposits of volcaniclastic composition and secondarily metamorphic rocks, represent the fine-grained sedimentary facies of the fluvial systems accumulated in a distal fan environment. The alluvial deposits have been incised by several episodes of erosion since Pleistocene time.
Volund Field: development of an Eocene sandstone injection complex, offshore Norway
Authors: Schwab Anne M. , Jameson Eric W. , Townsley Ann 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Volund Field lies in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea (Quad 24/9). This field produces from a ‘classic’ large-scale sandstone injection complex located in Lower Eocene strata. The sandstone reservoir has been injected into the lower permeability surrounding mudstones of the Sele and Balder formations and Hordaland Group to create an ‘intrusive trap’. The Volund Field consists of a deeper central unit of stacked sandstone sills, surrounded by shallower, steeper-dipping injected sandstone dykes, which make excellent reservoirs with consistently high porosity and permeability. Many of the steeply-dipping injected dykes appear to have excellent connectivity from the water leg through the oil leg and into the gas cap. The complex was identified on seismic data that exhibit a Class 3 amplitude versus offset (AVO) signature on the far-offset stack reflection seismic volume. The seismic data have been used to successfully locate horizontal production wells. Volund seismic geobodies have been extracted and incorporated into the reservoir geomodel to determine the geometry of the injectite features and to populate sands within the injection complex. Volund Field (estimated mean gross resource of 54 mmboe (million barrels oil equivalent)) is producing oil from four horizontal branches (end December 2012), with one water injector well, and has a common oil–water contact and gas–oil contact.
Interplay of fan-fringe reservoir deterioration and hydrodynamic aquifer: understanding the margins of gas development in the Ormen Lange Field
Authors: Grecula M. , Hognestad J. , Price S. , Ferrero M. Boya , De Bruijn G. , Noraberg K. T. , Engenes K. , Mears P. , Van Ojik K. , McGarva R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Ormen Lange Field is a gas reservoir offshore mid-Norway, developed in a combined structural–stratigraphic–hydrodynamic trap. The lobe-dominated turbidite deposits are mostly of excellent quality, but show a significant deterioration trend towards the fan fringe at its northern margin. Axial parts of the fan contain amalgamated sand-rich deposits, which pass laterally into layered sequences characterized by intercalation of low-permeability heterolithic drapes. Along its 40 km length, the field contains in excess of 400 linked polygonal faults attributed to de-watering of underlying shales. Despite pervasive faulting, reservoir connectivity on a geological timescale is proved by a common pressure gradient in pre-production wells and depletion seen in all later development wells. Recent appraisal drilling of the fan fringe, occupying the crest of the field, encountered only residual gas saturations, despite being located in an area delineated by a seismic direct hydrocarbon indicator. A hydrodynamic aquifer concept is the most plausible explanation for the fluid distribution, in which the gas from the crest of the structure is displaced, leaving behind a northward-thickening prism of residual gas. Dynamic simulation of the fluid-fill evolution over geological time showed the hydrodynamically tilted contact depends on rate of water flow across the aquifer, stratigraphic baffling and faulting, and reservoir quality, i.e. clean sand fraction and effective permeability. Optimal development of this deep-water reservoir depends on understanding the relationship between reservoir quality, connectivity, and the position of the free water level (FWL) in the field. A range of FWL in the north of the field, only weakly constrained by the wells, was empirically established from the hydrodynamically initialized models. This allowed a robust test of the production wells planned to drain the margin of the field. Modelled predictions of reservoir quality and pressures were confirmed by subsequent drilling.
The Occurrence ofblaCTX-M,blaSHV, andblaTEMGenes in Extended-Spectrumβ-Lactamase-Positive Strains ofKlebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, andProteus mirabilisin Poland
Authors: Ojdana Dominika , Sacha Paweł , Wieczorek Piotr , Czaban Sławomir , Michalska Anna , Jaworowska Jadwiga , Jurczak Anna , Poniatowski Bogusław , Tryniszewska Elżbieta 
Published: February 2014

Bacteria belonging to theEnterobacteriaceaefamily that produce extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are important pathogens of infections. Increasing numbers of ESBL-producing bacterial strains exhibiting multidrug resistance have been observed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence ofblaCTX-M,blaSHV, andblaTEMgenes among ESBL-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, andProteus mirabilisstrains and to examine susceptibility to antibiotics of tested strains. In our study, thirty-six of the tested strains exhibitedblaCTX-Mgenes(blaCTX-M-15,blaCTX-M-3,blaCTX-M-91, andblaCTX-M-89). Moreover, twelve ESBL-positive strains harboredblaSHVgenes(blaSHV-18,blaSHV-7,blaSHV-2, andblaSHV-5), and the presence of ablaTEMgene(blaTEM-1)in twenty-five ESBL-positive strains was revealed. AmongK. pneumoniaethe multiple ESBL genotype composed ofblaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-18, blaSHV-7, blaSHV-2, andblaSHV-5genes encoding particular ESBL variants was observed. Analysis of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics revealed that, amongβ-lactam antibiotics, the most effective againstE. colistrains was meropenem (100%), whereasK. pneumoniaewere completely susceptible to ertapenem and meropenem (100%), andP. mirabilisstrains were susceptible to ertapenem (91.7%). Moreover, among non-β-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin showed the highest activity toE. coli(91.7%) and ciprofloxacin the highest toK. pneumoniae(83.3%).P. mirabilisrevealed the highest susceptibility to amikacin (66.7%).
A Randomized Trial to Increase Colonoscopy Screening in Members of High-Risk Families in the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry and Cancer Genetics Network
Authors: Lowery Jan T. , Horick Nora , Kinney Anita Y. , Finkelstein Dianne M. , Garrett Kathleen , Haile Robert W. , Lindor Noralane M. , Newcomb Polly A. , Sandler Robert S. , Burke Carol , Hill Deirdre A. , Ahnen Dennis J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Individuals with a strong family history of colorectal cancer have significant risk for colorectal cancer, although adherence to colonoscopy screening in these groups remains low. This study assessed whether a tailored telephone counseling intervention can increase adherence to colonoscopy in members of high-risk families in a randomized, controlled trial.
Methods: Eligible participants were recruited from two national cancer registries if they had a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer under age 60 or multiple affected family members, which included families that met the Amsterdam criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), and if they were due for colonoscopy within 24 months. Participants were randomized to receive a tailored telephone intervention grounded in behavioral theory or a mailed packet with general information about screening. Colonoscopy status was assessed through follow-up surveys and endoscopy reports. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess intervention effect.
Results: Of the 632 participants (ages 25–80), 60% were female, the majority were White, non-Hispanic, educated, and had health insurance. Colonoscopy adherence increased 11 percentage points in the tailored telephone intervention group, compared with no significant change in the mailed group. The telephone intervention was associated with a 32% increase in screening adherence compared with the mailed intervention (HR, 1.32; P = 0.01).
Conclusions: A tailored telephone intervention can effectively increase colonoscopy adherence in high-risk persons. This intervention has the potential for broad dissemination to healthcare organizations or other high-risk populations.
Impact: Increasing adherence to colonoscopy among persons with increased colorectal cancer risk could effectively reduce incidence and mortality from this disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(4); 601–10. ©2014 AACR.
Omacetaxine: A Protein Translation Inhibitor for Treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Gandhi Varsha , Plunkett William , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is driven by the Bcr-Abl fusion protein, which is a result of a (9;22) chromosomal translocation. Imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKI) have revolutionized how CML is treated. Although the majority of patients respond to these kinase inhibitors, a subset becomes resistant to these therapeutics. Synribo (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Philadelphia-positive CML either in the chronic or the accelerated phase whose disease failed two prior TKIs. With omacetaxine 1.25 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days during induction and for 7 days during maintenance, a major cytogenetic response occurred in 20% of patients in the chronic phase and major hematologic response in 27% of patients in the accelerated phase. Laboratory investigations unraveled the mechanism of action and effectiveness of this agent. Bcr-Abl protein is intrinsically programmed to turn over with a short half-life that makes it susceptible to protein translation inhibitors. Omacetaxine (homoharringtonine) inhibits total protein biosynthesis by binding to A-site cleft of ribosomes. As a corollary to this action, there is a diminution of short-lived proteins, such as Bcr-Abl, followed by cell death. Approval of this first-in-class protein translation inhibitor opens up new avenues for its use in other diseases as well as mechanism-based combinations. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1735–40. ©2014 AACR.
Development and Maintenance Mechanism for the Semiannual Oscillation of the North Pacific Upper-Level Circulation
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe north–south semiannual oscillation (SAO) of the North Pacific jet stream, part of the atmospheric SAO in the Northern Hemisphere, can be well depicted by the semiannual component of the monthly-mean eddy streamfunction. Expressed by the semiannual eddy streamfunction budget, the dynamic processes develop and maintain the SAO, including the adjustment between vorticity advection and convergence of vorticity flux of the monthly-mean mode and the convergence of transient vorticity flux. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of these dynamic processes shows an east–west elongated cyclonic (anticyclonic) cell of the semiannual eddy streamfunction anomaly, which appears in January and July (October and April) south of the Siberia–Alaska landmass. The maximum (minimum) adjustment processes by the monthly-mean mode and the maximum (minimum) feedback impact of transient activity on the SAO occur in December and June (September and March), a month ahead of the maximum (minimum) north–south SAO of the North Pacific jet stream. Because vorticity is supplied by the convergence of vorticity flux associated with divergent flow, the SAO for the rotational flow is established by diabatic heat and heat transport through the divergent circulation over the North Pacific Ocean, and by precipitation maintained by convergence of water vapor flux along the oceanic storm track. Additionally, the feedback impact of the modulated transient activity affects the SAO development of the atmospheric rotational and divergent circulations, and the hydrological cycle.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Robotic vs Conventional Thyroidectomy Approaches for Thyroid Disease
Authors: Sun Gordon H. , Peress Lilia , Pynnonen Melissa A. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThis study compared postoperative technical, quality‐of‐life, and cost outcomes following either robotic or open thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules and cancer.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Review MethodsWe examined relevant controlled trials, comparative effectiveness studies, and cohort studies for eligible publications. We calculated the pooled relative risk for key postoperative complications, mean differences for operative time, and standardized mean differences for length of stay (LOS) using random effects models. Quality‐of‐life outcomes were summarized in narrative form.ResultsThe meta‐analysis comprised 11 studies with 726 patients undergoing robotic transaxillary or axillo‐breast thyroidectomy and 1205 undergoing open thyroidectomy. There were no eligible cost‐related studies. Mean operative time for robotic thyroidectomy exceeded open thyroidectomy by 76.7 minutes, while no significant difference in LOS was identified. There were no significant differences in hematoma, seroma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, or chyle leak rates. The systematic review included 12 studies. Voice, swallowing, pain, and paresthesia outcomes showed no significant differences between the 2 approaches. The robotic cohort reported higher cosmetic satisfaction scores, although follow‐up periods did not exceed 3 months and no validated questionnaires were used.ConclusionsTransaxillary and axillo‐breast robotic and open thyroidectomy demonstrate similar complication rates, but robotic approaches may introduce the risk of new complications and require longer operative times. Robotic thyroidectomy appears to improve cosmetic outcomes, although longer follow‐up periods and use of validated instruments are needed to more rigorously examine this effect.
Errors in Otolaryngology Revisited
Authors: Shah Rahul K. , Boss Emily F. , Brereton Jean , Roberson David W. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveA decade ago, a survey study identified areas of risk and proposed a classification schema for otolaryngology errors. The objective of the present study is to obtain current data for comparison using a similar methodology.Study DesignSurvey study.SettingAn anonymous online survey was distributed via the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) weekly email.Subjects and MethodsMembers of the AAO‐HNS were asked to describe any event in their practice that they felt should not have happened. Events were classified using the prior schema with minor modifications.ResultsOf 681 respondents, 445 (66%) reported an event within the past 6 months, from which 222 reports were extracted. The mean age of the affected patients was 41 ± 24 years. An adverse consequence occurred in more than half of events, with corrective action taken in 82.8%. Of the respondents, 68% subsequently changed their practice patterns. The domains with the most reported errors were technical (27.9% of all events, 71% with major morbidity), administrative (12.2%, 3.7%), diagnostic testing (10.8%, 8.3%), and surgical planning (9.9%, 45.5%). There were 8 wrong‐site surgeries, 23 cranial nerve injuries (91.3% major morbidity), and 9 errors during endoscopic sinus surgery (55.6% major morbidity). There were 4 deaths.ConclusionThere has been disappointingly little overall change. Otolaryngologists remain vulnerable to errors and related adverse events. The domains with the greatest risk for error‐related major morbidity have changed little and include errors in technical, administrative, diagnostic testing, surgical planning, and surgical equipment. Awareness of high‐risk areas may help to focus preventive efforts in these domains.
EMLA® cream: A pain-relieving strategy for childhood vaccination
Authors: Abuelkheir Manal , Alsourani Deema , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Meo Sultan Ayoub , Alzamil Fahad 
Published: February 2014

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of topical eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA®) cream in reducing the pain associated with vaccination injections. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that included children who presented for routine immunization. Eligible children were randomly assigned to receive either EMLA® or placebo cream. The Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS) was used to assess baseline and postvaccination pain scores, while a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain at the time of the needle prick and at the end of the injection. Results A total of 107 children were enrolled in the EMLA® group and 109 children in the placebo group. The difference between the pre- and postvaccination MBPS scores was significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the placebo group (2.56 ± 1.96 versus 3.95 ± 2.20, respectively). The VAS scores at the time of the needle prick and after the injection were significantly lower in the EMLA® group compared with the placebo group (1.60 ± 1.67 versus 3.24 ± 2.01; 3.29 ± 2.27 versus 4.86 ± 2.20; respectively). Conclusions Application of EMLA® cream can be effectively incorporated as a routine pain-relieving intervention within routine vaccination appointments.
Acute headache and persistent headache attributed to cervical artery dissection: Field testing of ICHD-III beta
Authors: Schytz Henrik W , Ashina Messoud , Magyari Melinda , Larsen Vibeke A , Olesen Jes , Iversen Helle K 
Published: February 2014

The criteria for headache attributed to cervical artery dissection have been changed in the new third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta). We have retrospectively investigated 19 patients diagnosed from 2001 to 2006 with cervical artery dissection at onset and followed them up six months after dissection. At dissection onset 17/19 patients were classified as headache probably attributed to vascular disorder at the time of dissection using the ICHD second edition (ICHD-II) criteria. In contrast, 17/19 of patients fulfilled the ICHD-III beta criteria for Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral artery dissection or Headache attributed to intracranial arterial dissection. Six months after dissection five of 19 patients still reported persistent headache attributed to dissection. The study demonstrates that the ICHD-III beta criteria for cervical artery dissection are useful for classifying patients at the first encounter. We show for the first time that persistent headache attributed to arterial dissection is frequent.
County Governments and Democratic Decision Making: Explaining Why Counties Seek Approval of Local Option Sales Taxes
Authors: Green Andrew D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLocal option sales taxes have become an important source of local revenue across the United States. Thirty-three of the 50 states have granted authorization to their counties or cities (or both) to levy local option sales taxes, and said taxes generated nearly $50 billion in 2005, which accounted for 11% of all local tax revenue nationwide. Even though local option sales taxes have significant impacts on a county's ability to fund programs and services, little has been written about the decisions of counties to place such taxes on the ballot. Using demographic, fiscal, and political variables, a model is developed that explains the decision to place a county transportation sales tax on the ballot. Modeling and analysis reveal that counties behave strategically as the impact of demographic, fiscal, and political factors on the decision to place a local option sales tax on the ballot is shaped by whether the county is making an initial attempt to adopt, a subsequent attempt to adopt after voter rejection, or a renewal attempt when an existing local option sales tax is nearing its sunset date.