bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Intent and Method of Self‐Harm: A Large‐scale Study of Self‐Harm Patients Presenting to a General Hospital
Authors: Haw Camilla , Casey Deborah , Holmes Jane , Hawton Keith 
Published: April 2015

Data from the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide (2004–2011) were used to study hospital presentations for self‐harm in which Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS) scores were obtained (N = 4,840). Regression of medians was used to control for the confounding effect of age and gender. Higher estimated median SIS scores were associated with increasing age, male gender, self‐poisoning versus self‐injury, multiple methods of self‐harm versus self‐injury alone, use of gas (mainly carbon monoxide), dangerous methods of self‐injury (including hanging, gunshot), and use of alcohol as part of the act. For self‐poisoning patients, there was a correlation between the number of tablets taken and the total SIS score. Compared with self‐poisoning with paracetamol and paracetamol‐containing compounds, self‐poisoning with antipsychotics was associated with a lower median SIS score while antidepressants had the same estimated median as paracetamol. Use of alcohol within 6 hours of self‐harm was associated with lower SIS scores. In conclusion, certain methods of self‐harm, particularly dangerous methods of self‐injury and self‐poisoning with gas, were associated with high intent and should alert clinicians to potential higher risk of suicide. However, apart from use of gas, suicidal intent cannot be inferred from type of drugs used for self‐poisoning.
B‐spline Based Multi‐organ Detection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jiang Z. , Witz J.‐F. , Lecomte‐Grosbras P. , Dequidt J. , Duriez C. , Cosson M. , Cotin S. , Brieu M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the context of the female pelvic medicine, non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging is widely used for the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders. Nowadays, in the clinical routine, diagnoses rely largely on human interpretation of medical images, on the experience of physicians, with sometimes subjective interpretations. Hence, image correlation methods would be an alternative way to assist physicians to provide more objective analyses with standard procedures and parametrisation for patient‐specific cases. Moreover, the main symptoms of pelvic system pathologies are abnormal mobilities. The finite element model simulation is a powerful tool for understanding such mobilities. Both the patient‐specific simulation and the image analysis require accurate and smooth geometries of the pelvic organs. This paper introduces a new method that can be classified as a model‐to‐image correlation approach. The method performs fast semi‐automatic detection of the bladder, vagina and rectum from magnetic resonance images for geometries reconstruction and further study of the mobilities. The approach consists of fitting a B‐spline model to the organ shapes in real images via a generated virtual image. We provided efficient, adaptive and consistent segmentation on a dataset of 19 patient images (healthy and pathological).
Multi Response Optimization of Process Parameters of Abrasive Water Jet Machining for Stainless Steel AISI 304 Using VIKOR Approach Coupled with Signal to Noise Ratio Methodology
Authors: Chaturvedi Vedansh , Singh Diksha 
Published: April 2015

As the population of the world is continuously increasing, demand of the mechanical manufactured products is also increasing. Machining is the most important process in any mechanical manufacturing, and in machining two factors, i.e. material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are the most important responses. If the MRR is high, the product will get desired shape in minimum time so the production rate will be high, but we could not scarify with the surface finishing also because in close tolerance limit parts like in automobile industry, if the surface is rough exact fit cannot take place. The term optimization is intensively related to the field of quality engineering. Abrasive water jet machining is an important unconventional machining, in order to obtain better response, i.e. material removal rate and surface roughness. Various process parameters of AWJM need to be observed and selected to improve machining characteristics. Better machining characteristics can be achieved by optimizing various process parameters of AWJM. This study considers four process control parameters such as transverse speed, standoff distance, abrasive flow rate and water pressure. The response is taken to be material removal rate and surface roughness. The work piece for stainless steel AISI 304 material of size 15 cm × 10 cm × 2 cm is selected for experiments. Sixteen experimental runs (two trials for each experimental runs) were carried out for calculating MRR and SR and average value of these two trials have been taken for analysis. MRR is normalized according to higher-is-better and SR is normalized according to lower is better. The experiment data analysis is done and VIKOR index is found. Finally, the analysis of VIKOR index using S/N ratio is done and found the most significant factor for AWJM and predicted optimal parameters setting for higher material removal rate and lower surface roughness. Verification of the improvement in quality characteristics has been made through confirmation test with the predicted optimal parameters setting. It is found that the determined optimum combination of AWJM parameters gives the lowest VIKOR INDEX which shows the successful implementation of VIKOR Method coupled with S/N ratio in AWJM.
Starting with gaps between k-free numbers
Authors: Filaseta M. , Graham S. , Trifonov O. 
Published: April 2015

We survey various developments in Number Theory that were inspired by classical papers by Roth [On the gaps between squarefree numbers, J. London Math. Soc. 26 (1951) 263–268] and by Halberstam and Roth [On the gaps between consecutive k-free integres, J. London Math. Soc. 26 (1951) 268–273].
Perceptual Learning, the Mere Exposure Effect and Aesthetic Antirealism
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
It has been argued that some recent experimental findings about the mere exposure effect can be used to argue for aesthetic antirealism: the view that there is no fact of the matter about aesthetic value. The aim of this article is to assess this argument and point out that this strategy, as it stands, does not work. But we may still be able to use experimental findings about the mere exposure effect in order to engage with the aesthetic realism/antirealism debate. However, this argument would need to proceed very differently and would only support a much more modest version of aesthetic antirealism.
The Effects of Surface Kinetics on Crystal Growth and Homogeneous Freezing in Parcel Simulations of Cirrus
Authors: Zhang Chengzhu , Harrington Jerry Y. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The uptake of water vapor excess by ice crystals is a key process regulating the supersaturation in cold clouds. Both the ice crystal number concentration and depositional growth rate control the vapor uptake rate and are sensitive to the deposition coefficient . The deposition coefficient depends on temperature and supersaturation; however, cloud models either ignore or assume a constant .
In this study, the effects of on crystal growth and homogeneous freezing of haze solution drops in simulated cirrus are examined. A Lagrangian parcel model is used with a new ice growth model that predicts the deposition coefficients along two crystal growth axes. Parcel model results indicate that predicting can be critical for predicting ice nucleation and supersaturation at different stages of cloud development. At cloud base, model results show that surface kinetics constrain the homogeneous freezing rate primarily through the growth impact of small particle sizes in comparison to the mean free path. The deposition coefficient has little effect on homogeneous freezing rates, because the high cloud-base supersaturation produces near unity. Above the cloud-base nucleation zone, decreasing supersaturation causes to decrease to values as low as 0.001. These low values of lead to higher steady-state supersaturation. Also, the low values of produce substantial impacts on particle shape evolution and particle size, both of which are dependent on updraft strength.
The Development of Upper-Tropospheric Wind over the Western Hemisphere in Association with MJO Convective Initiation
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study examines the structure and driving mechanisms of upper-tropospheric intraseasonal zonal wind anomalies over the Western Hemisphere (WH) during the convective initiation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean using composite and budget analyses. The initiating MJO convection is more often associated with WH upper-tropospheric intraseasonal easterly wind anomalies, and when it is, it tends to develop a stronger and zonally broader envelope of enhanced convection than events associated with westerly wind anomalies. The WH upper-tropospheric zonal wind anomaly associated with the MJO is often described as a dry Kelvin wave radiated from MJO convection, but the results show that both the structure and driving mechanisms are different from the ones of theoretical Kelvin waves. Unlike the theoretical Kelvin wave, the zonal wind anomaly is not driven mainly by the zonal pressure gradient force and it is strongly coupled with rotational wind associated with subtropical and equatorward-propagating midlatitude Rossby waves. The intraseasonal zonal wind anomaly amplifies over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic basins because of advection of the background wind by intraseasonal wind in the presence of background zonal wind convergence, which allows acceleration in the same sign of the present intraseasonal zonal wind anomaly. A part of the WH intraseasonal easterly wind initiates in the lower stratosphere and is advected downward as it merges with eastward-propagating easterly wind in the upper troposphere. The initial sources of the lower-stratospheric intraseasonal easterly wind include equatorward intrusion of midlatitude waves and an equatorial Rossby wave.
Entropy Production and Climate Efficiency
Authors: Bannon Peter R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Earth’s climate system is a heat engine, absorbing solar radiation at a mean input temperature Tin and emitting terrestrial radiation at a lower, mean output temperature Tout &lt; Tin. These mean temperatures, defined as the ratio of the energy to entropy input or output, determine the Carnot efficiency of the system. The climate system, however, does no external work, and hence its work efficiency is zero. The system does produce entropy and exports it to space. The efficiency associated with this entropy production is defined for two distinct representations of the climate system. The first defines the system as the sum of the various material subsystems, with the solar and terrestrial radiation fields constituting the surroundings. The second defines the system as a control volume that includes the material and radiation systems below the top of the atmosphere. These two complementary representations are contrasted using a radiative–convective equilibrium model of the climate system. The efficiency of Earth’s climate system based on its material entropy production is estimated using the two representations.
Quantifying the Land–Atmosphere Coupling Behavior in Modern Reanalysis Products over the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Santanello Joseph A. , Roundy Joshua , Dirmeyer Paul A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The coupling of the land with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on diurnal time scales is critical to regulating the strength of the connection between soil moisture and precipitation. To improve understanding of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions, recent studies have focused on the development of diagnostics to quantify the strength and accuracy of the land–PBL coupling at the process level. In this paper, the authors apply a suite of local land–atmosphere coupling (LoCo) metrics to modern reanalysis (RA) products and observations during a 17-yr period over the U.S. southern Great Plains. Specifically, a range of diagnostics exploring the links between soil moisture, evaporation, PBL height, temperature, humidity, and precipitation is applied to the summertime monthly mean diurnal cycles of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Results show that CFSR is the driest and MERRA the wettest of the three RAs in terms of overall surface–PBL coupling. When compared against observations, CFSR has a significant dry bias that impacts all components of the land–PBL system. CFSR and NARR are more similar in terms of PBL dynamics and response to dry and wet extremes, while MERRA is more constrained in terms of evaporation and PBL variability. Each RA has a unique land–PBL coupling that has implications for downstream impacts on the diurnal cycle of PBL evolution, clouds, convection, and precipitation as well as representation of extremes and drought. As a result, caution should be used when treating RAs as truth in terms of their water and energy cycle processes.
A Parameterization of the Probability of Snow–Rain Transition
Authors: Sims Elizabeth M. , Liu Guosheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhen estimating precipitation using remotely sensed observations, it is important to correctly classify the phase of precipitation. A misclassification can result in order-of-magnitude errors in the estimated precipitation rate. Using global ground-based observations over multiple years, the influence of different geophysical parameters on precipitation phase is investigated, with the goal of obtaining an improved method for determining precipitation phase. The parameters studied are near-surface air temperature, atmospheric moisture, low-level vertical temperature lapse rate, surface skin temperature, surface pressure, and land cover type. To combine the effects of temperature and moisture, wet-bulb temperature, instead of air temperature, is used as a key parameter for separating solid and liquid precipitation. Results show that in addition to wet-bulb temperature, vertical temperature lapse rate affects the precipitation phase. For example, at a near-surface wet-bulb temperature of 0°C, a lapse rate of 6°C km−1 results in an 86% conditional probability of solid precipitation, while a lapse rate of −2°C km−1 results in a 45% probability. For near-surface wet-bulb temperatures less than 0°C, skin temperature affects precipitation phase, although the effect appears to be minor. Results also show that surface pressure appears to influence precipitation phase in some cases; however, this dependence is not clear on a global scale. Land cover type does not appear to affect precipitation phase. Based on these findings, a parameterization scheme has been developed that accepts available meteorological data as input and returns the conditional probability of solid precipitation.
Impact of comorbidities on overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: results of the randomized CML Study IV
Authors: Saußele Susanne , Krauß Marie-Paloma , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Lauseker Michael , Proetel Ulrike , Kalmanti Lida , Hanfstein Benjamin , Fabarius Alice , Kraemer Doris , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Bentz Martin , Staib Peter , de Wit Maike , Wernli Martin , Zettl Florian , Hebart Holger F. , Hahn Markus , Heymanns Jochen , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo , Schmitz Norbert , Eckart Michael J. , Gassmann Winfried , Bartholomäus Andrea , Pezzutto Antonio , Leibundgut Elisabeth Oppliger , Heim Dominik , Krause Stefan W. , Burchert Andreas , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Hasford Joerg , Hochhaus Andreas , Pfirrmann Markus , Müller Martin C. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
There is a strong negative association between comorbidities at diagnosis and overall survival. There is no negative effect of comorbidities on remission rates and progression to advanced phases in CML.
Benchmark datasets for 3D MALDI- and DESI-imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Oetjen Janina , Veselkov Kirill , Watrous Jeramie , McKenzie James S , Becker Michael , Hauberg-Lotte Lena , Kobarg Jan Hendrik , Strittmatter Nicole , Mróz Anna K , Hoffmann Franziska , Trede Dennis , Palmer Andrew , Schiffler Stefan , Steinhorst Klaus , Aichler Michaela , Goldin Robert , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Thiele Herbert , Maedler Kathrin , Walch Axel , Maass Peter , Dorrestein Pieter C , Takats Zoltan , Alexandrov Theodore 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical chemistry technique for the 3D molecular analysis of a tissue specimen, entire organ, or microbial colonies on an agar plate. 3D-imaging MS has unique advantages over existing 3D imaging techniques, offers novel perspectives for understanding the spatial organization of biological processes, and has growing potential to be introduced into routine use in both biology and medicine. Owing to the sheer quantity of data generated, the visualization, analysis, and interpretation of 3D imaging MS data remain a significant challenge. Bioinformatics research in this field is hampered by the lack of publicly available benchmark datasets needed to evaluate and compare algorithms.

Findings
High-quality 3D imaging MS datasets from different biological systems at several labs were acquired, supplied with overview images and scripts demonstrating how to read them, and deposited into MetaboLights, an open repository for metabolomics data. 3D imaging MS data were collected from five samples using two types of 3D imaging MS. 3D matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging (MALDI) MS data were collected from murine pancreas, murine kidney, human oral squamous cell carcinoma, and interacting microbial colonies cultured in Petri dishes. 3D desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging MS data were collected from a human colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
With the aim to stimulate computational research in the field of computational 3D imaging MS, selected high-quality 3D imaging MS datasets are provided that could be used by algorithm developers as benchmark datasets.
VirAmp: a galaxy-based viral genome assembly pipeline
Authors: Wan Yinan , Renner Daniel W , Albert Istvan , Szpara Moriah L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Advances in next generation sequencing make it possible to obtain high-coverage sequence data for large numbers of viral strains in a short time. However, since most bioinformatics tools are developed for command line use, the selection and accessibility of computational tools for genome assembly and variation analysis limits the ability of individual labs to perform further bioinformatics analysis

Findings
Findings: We have developed a multi-step viral genome assembly pipeline named VirAmp, which combines existingV tools and techniques and presents them to end users via a web-enabled Galaxy interface. Our pipeline allows users to assemble, analyze, and interpret high coverage viral sequencing data with an ease and efficiency that was not possible previously. Our software makes a large number of genome assembly and related tools available to life scientists and automates the currently recommended best practices into a single, easy to use interface. We tested our pipeline with three different datasets from human herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Conclusions
VirAmp provides a user-friendly interface and a complete pipeline for viral genome analysis. We make our software available via an Amazon Elastic Cloud disk image that can be easily launched by anyone with an Amazon web service account. A fully functional demonstration instance of our system can be found at http://viramp.com/. We also maintain detailed documentation on each tool and methodology at http://docs.viramp.com.
Resistin – 420 C/G polymorphism and serum resistin level in Iranian patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takhshid Mohammad Ali , Zare Zinab 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Resistin is a circulating adipokine with insulin-antagonizing effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -420C > G in the resistin gene with serum resistin levels, insulin resistance, and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) in Iranian population.

Method
75 GDM patients and 70 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Genotyping for SNP- 420C > G in the resistin gene was performed by the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum resistin and insulin were measured by immunoassay. Blood glucose levels and lipid profile were measured by enzymatic methods. Homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.

Result
GG genotype and G allele of SNP-420C > G were more frequent in GDM patients compared to non-GDM subjects. Serum resistin level was similar in GDM and non-GDM patients. The serum levels of resistin in GDM and non-GDM women with GG genotype were similar to those with GC + CC genotype. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors showed a higher susceptibility to GDM in patients with GG genotype compared to subjects with GG + GT genotype (odds ratio = 4.59, 95% CI; 1.96-10.71, p = 0.00). Serum resistin level was correlated with serum triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p < 0.05) in GDM patients. No significant association was found between serum resistin, insulin resistance, and SNP-420C > G.

Conclusion
The SNP-420C/G of resistin gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM in our population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the role of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of GDM and to explore potential mechanisms by which it modulates susceptibility to GDM.
Abundance and diversity of amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) on shallow algae and seagrass in lagoonal ecosystem of the Mediterranean Tunisian coast
Authors: Zaabar Wahiba , Zakhama-Sraieb Rym , Charfi-Cheikhrouha Faouzia , Achouri Mohamed Sghaïer 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Bizerte lagoon is a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem, where various types of human activities have been developed. To investigate the distribution and temporal variation of amphipod assemblage, monthly sampling was conducted at the Menzel Jemil site from October 2009 to September 2010.

Results
A total number of 3,620 specimens were collected from floating algae and seagrass allowing the identification of 10 amphipod species. Moreover, several indices, species richness, dominance, mean density, and diversity index were estimated to characterize the amphipode assemblage. Gammarus aequicauda was the most dominant species in all seasons. In addition, the minimum and maximum values of species richness of amphipod were observed in January (3 species) and April (8 species), respectively. The mean density and species richness were negatively correlated with plant biomass. Mean Shannon index (H′) and evenness (J′) were 1.62 ± 0.34 and 0.67 ± 0.16, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on the mean species density showed three seasonal groups of samples. Therefore, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) made it possible to summarize the overall situation for the species, monthly sampling, and environmental parameters on a single graph.

Conclusions
Thus, the temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll a content are the most often reported factors for the distribution and structure of amphipods in the Bizerte lagoon.