bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Bedsore among the admitted Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Singh Amarjeet , Kaur Sukhpal , Tewari Manoj K , Sekhon Parabjyot Kaur 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Background and objective
Bedsore is a disruptive and often disabling condition affecting bedridden, infirm, debilitated and malnourished patients. We looked at the incidence of bedsores among the admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and methods
This was an observational cohort study covering 2408 patients. The patients were followed up every alternative day from the day of admission till their discharge/ death from the hospital. Katz index of independence in activities of daily living was used to evaluate the level of functional dependence of patients. Braden scale was used to assess the risk factors for the formation of bedsores.

Results
A pooled incidence of 5.9% was estimated. The incidence of bedsore was maximum in intensive care units (9.4%), followed by orthopedic units (8%), emergency wards (7.7%) and neurosurgical units (6%). Mean age was 44.6 ± 17.56 (14-90 years). Unconscious patients, those admitted through emergency, and those who stayed longer in emergency and on IV fluids had a significantly higher chance of developing bedsores. This was also true for patients on Jejunostomy/Gastrostomy feed or total parenteral nutrition (TPN); who needed elevation of the head end of the bed; for whom assistance was required to change their position; and the patients whose position was changed less frequently (p < 0.05). The sacrum was the most common site for all the four stages of bedsores.

Conclusion
A bedsore incidence of 6% mandates an urgent need to improve the quality of patient care in various units of the hospital. Appropriate equipment, adequate manpower and administrative concern and accountability is the need of the hour.

How to cite this article
Kaur S, Singh A, Dhillon MS, Tewari MK, Sekhon PK. Incidence of Bedsore among the Admitted Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):26-31.
Resiliency and social support as factors promoting the process of resilience in adolescents – wards of children’s homes
Authors: Ogińska-Bulik Nina , Kobylarczyk Magdalena 
Published: February 2015

<b>Background</b></b><br />
The aim of the study was to investigate whether in a group of adolescents – wards of children’s homes – the process of resilience occurs and to determine the role of resiliency (understood as a personality trait) and social support in this process. At least an average level of sense of quality of life was an indicator of resilience.<br />
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<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
Results of 60 adolescents were analyzed, among them 29 boys and 31 girls, aged 11-17 years (M = 14.80, SD = 2.00). The Subjective Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, the Resiliency Assessment Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire were used in the study.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
Fifty-one and sixty one-hundredths percent of participants revealed at least an average level of sense of quality of life. Higher levels of resiliency and social support were found in subjects with a higher level of sense of quality of life. Resiliency and social support were found to be predictors of sense of quality of life in the examined group of adolescents, but resiliency has greater predictive power. Among resiliency factors, optimistic attitude and energy play the essential role in predicting sense of quality of life, and among the types of social support, information support is most important.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The results indicate that personal resources play a more important role in occurrence of the process of resilience than social resources.
Glaucoma Morphologic Damage Estimated from Functional Tests
Authors: de la Rosa Manuel Gonzalez , Gonzalez-Hernandez Marta , Alayon Silvia 
Published: February 2015

Purpose To compare direct morphologic measurements with the ones deduced from functional tests. Methods A total of 111 normal eyes (examined twice) and 112 consecutive eyes with suspected or confirmed glaucoma were analyzed using Spark strategy (Oculus Easyfield Perimeter) and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT). The threshold values were used to deduce the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in 25 sectors. They were also used to derive a normalized value of the neuroretinal rim area, correcting the influence of the optic disc area size, and expressing the result as a percentage of their normal average relation. Results The correlation between the deduced and the measured RNFL thicknesses were r = 0.77 (p<0.001, standard error [SE] = 15.4 μm in normal and 15.1 μm in glaucomatous eyes) in the sector to sector comparison, and r = 0.80 (p<0.000001, SE = 10.0 μm in normal and 10.4 μm in glaucomatous eyes) for the average thickness. In normal subjects, the SE of deducing a second OCT result from the previous one was 13.2 μm in the sector by sector analysis and 4.6 μm for average thickness. The correlation between the deduced and measured rim area was r = 0.87 (p<0.000001, SE = 6.7% in normal and 15.9% in glaucomatous eyes). Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded the following areas, sensitivities, and specificities: measured thickness: 0.89, 75.5%, 91.5%; deduced thickness: 0.91, 86.5%, 93.4%; measured rim area: 0.96, 89.2%, 95.3%; deduced rim area: 0.94, 82.9%, 96.2%. Additionally, the results in a new series of 71 normal and 68 glaucomatous eyes are verified. Conclusions Spark perimetry allowed deducing glaucomatous morphologic alterations with significant accuracy.
Notes and Documents: Mark Twain Reports the Hornet Disaster
Authors: SCHARNHORST GARY 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
One of the most riveting episodes in Mark Twain biography details his role in publicizing the survival of the captain, two passengers, and twelve crewmen of the Hornet in the spring of 1866. On May 3, en route from New York to San Francisco, the famed clipper ship burned and sank in the mid-Pacific. After a voyage of forty-three days and four thousand miles, one of its three lifeboats finally touched land on June 15 at Laupahoehoe, a fishing village on the north shore of the big island of Hawaii. The first reports of survivors arrived in Honolulu, two hundred miles distant, on June 21; and Mark Twain, in the Sandwich Islands as a special correspondent of the Sacramento Daily Union, appended the news to his June 22 letter to the paper, which was subsequently printed, in the absence of a telegraph cable between the Islands and the mainland, in its July 16 issue. Twain interviewed several of the men on June 24, the day they arrived in a Honolulu hospital, and worked all that night on a dispatch about their ordeal.
Bethesda System Reporting Rates for Conventional Papanicolaou Tests and Liquid-Based Cytology in a Large Chinese, College of American Pathologists–Certified Independent Medical Laboratory: Analysis of 1 394 389 Papanicolaou Test Reports
Authors: Zheng Baowen , Austin R. Marshall , Liang Xiaoman , Li Zaibo , Chen Congde , Yan Shanshan , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: February 2015

ContextReports that use the Bethesda System categories for Chinese Papanicolaou test results are rare.ObjectiveTo document and analyze rates reported in the Bethesda System for conventional Papanicolaou tests and liquid-based cytology between 2007 and 2012 in China's largest College of American Pathologists–accredited laboratory.DesignResults from 1 394 389 Papanicolaou tests, rendered between 2007 and 2012 by the Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Cytology Laboratory, were documented by the Bethesda System report categories and Papanicolaou test methodology, which included both conventional Papanicolaou tests and 4 different liquid-based cytology preparations.ResultsResults were documented for 326 297 conventional Papanicolaou tests and 1 068 092 liquid-based cytology specimens, which included 928 884 ThinPrep (Hologic, Bedford, Massachusetts), 63 465 SurePath (BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), 50 422 Liqui-Prep (LGM International, Melbourne, Florida), and 25 321 Lituo liquid-cytology (Lituo Biotechnology Co, Hunan, China) specimens. Abnormality rates reported were significantly higher with liquid-based cytology than they were with conventional Papanicolaou tests in all the Bethesda System categories (P &lt; .001). Reporting rates were within the 2006 benchmark ranges from the College of American Pathologists, except for atypical glandular cells (low) and unsatisfactory rates for conventional Papanicolaou tests (low).ConclusionParticipation in the international College of American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Program provides laboratory quality standards not otherwise available in many international settings.
Perceived Parental Distraction by Technology and Mental Health Among Emerging Adolescents
Authors: Deneault Audrey-Ann , Plamondon André , Neville Ross D. , Eirich Rachel , McArthur Brae Anne , Tough Suzanne , Madigan Sheri 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe digital phenomenon termed technoference refers to interruptions in routine social interactions due to technology use. Technoference may negatively affect parents’ attention to cues necessary for supporting children’s mental health.ObjectiveTo explore whether there are directional prospective associations between perceived parental technoference and emerging adolescents’ mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, inattention, and hyperactivity).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study assessed a general population of mothers and emerging adolescents in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Women were recruited during pregnancy between May 3, 2008, and December 13, 2010, with convenience sampling and repeated follow-up; eligible women were 18 years or older, spoke English, had a gestational age of at least 24 weeks, and received local prenatal care. Data collection for the present study took place when emerging adolescents were aged 9 (May 20 to July 15, 2020), 10 (March 4 to April 30, 2021), and 11 (November 22, 2021, to January 17, 2022) years. Mothers provided consent for their child to participate, and emerging adolescents provided assent. Data were analyzed from December 1 to 31, 2023, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models.ExposurePerceived parental technoference.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEmerging adolescents completed questionnaires about their perception of parental technoference and their mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and inattention) at the 3 study times. This study did not rely on statistical significance, but instead on the magnitude of effect sizes to determine meaningful effects.ResultsParticipants included 1303 emerging adolescents (mean [SD] age, 9.7 [0.8] years at time 1; of the 1028 reporting information, 529 [51.5%] were girls). Cross-sectional associations indicated correlations between perceptions of parental technoference and emerging adolescents’ mental health (r range, 0.17-0.19). Higher levels of anxiety at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher parental technoference scores at 10 (β = 0.11 [95% CI, −0.05 to 0.26]) and 11 (β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]) years of age, with small magnitudes of effect size. Higher parental technoference scores at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher hyperactivity at 10 (β = 0.07 [95% CI, −0.07 to 0.22]) and 11 (β = 0.11 [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.24]) years of age and inattention at 11 years of age (β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]), with small magnitudes of effect size. No gender differences were identified.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this 3-wave longitudinal birth cohort study, perceived parental technoference was associated with emerging adolescents’ mental health. The findings speak to the need to discuss digital technology use and mental health with parents and emerging adolescents as a part of routine care.
Output feedback control of stochastic nonlinear systems with external disturbances and inverse dynamics
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Gao Yang , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis work presents an approach to control a type of stochastic cascade nonlinear systems, which involve external disturbances and nonlinear terms. The external disturbances under the consideration are not measurable and regarded as extended states. The proposed method addresses the problem of unmeasured states and external disturbances by introducing an extended state observer (ESO). Based on the above work, a new stochastic nonlinear system including ESO is established. To ensure the stability and boundedness of the system, an adaptive output feedback controller is designed by using stochastic integrated input‐to‐state stability and backstepping design technique. This controller guarantees that all the states remain almost surely bounded and globally asymptotically stable in probability. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Coupling of Piezo/Flexoelectricity and Its Effect on the Band Structure of Wrinkled ZnO Monolayers
Authors: Yin Pei , Jia Dongliang , Lv Jiale , Du Pei , Willatzen Morten , Yang Rusen , Tan Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWrinkles are used in manufacturing stretchable electronics, soft materials, smart displays, and microstructures. The emerging 2D materials enable the investigation of the intertwined piezoelectric and flexoelectric coupling effect in wrinkled structures and their energy, sensing, and other applications. However, current studies of the electromechanical coupling effect often consider it one effect or even overlook one of the two effects. This oversimplification leads to inaccuracies in the analysis. Here, a theoretical model is proposed to separate the piezoelectric and flexoelectric coefficients by fitting polarization formulas with discrete polarization values calculated using density functional theory. Wrinkled ZnO monolayers are built to mimic the realistic situation, where six nonzero coefficients are successfully isolated, revealing that the coupling of piezo/flexoelectricity and the contribution of piezoelectric and flexoelectric polarizations to the total polarization vary in different directions. Combined with the dipole moment analysis, the relationship between the polarization, piezoelectric coefficient, flexoelectric coefficient, and wrinkle amplitude is established. This study demonstrates that increasing the wrinkle amplitude significantly decreases the energy gap of 560 meV. The separation and quantification of piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects advance the understanding of wrinkles' mechanical and electromechanical properties and lay the foundation for their future applications.
Vacuum Thermal Treatment for Achieving Macroscale Superlubricity by Nanodiamond and Hexagonal Boron Nitride on H‐DLC Film Surfaces in Dry Nitrogen
Authors: Huang Peng , Chen Xinchun , Qi Wei , Tian Jisen , Xu Jianxun , Wang Kai , Deng Wenli , Zhang Chenhui , Luo Jianbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogenated diamond‐like carbon (H‐DLC) films are limited by their poor thermal stability, which significantly affects the tribological applications and needs improvement. Accordingly, nanodiamond (ND) and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) are used to address this issue. When the H‐DLC surface is deposited using ND+h‐BN mixture with mass ratio of 1:1 and a concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 and vacuum‐heated at 200 °C and 1 × 10−5 Pa, a superlow friction coefficient of 0.0015 can be obtained, with a reduction of 98.33% as compared to pure H‐DLC. Correspondingly, the wear rates of wear scar and wear track decreased by 81.95% and 24.83%, respectively. High vacuum thermal treatment can purify the adsorbed species on the surfaces of ND and h‐BN, and produce newly‐exposed dangling bonds. Simultaneously, new bonds of C‐N are formed between ND and h‐BN, and the nanoparticles adhere together to form a polymer‐like structure under friction. Furthermore, the ND can support h‐BN and reduce its agglomeration. Under the action of tribochemical reaction, the layer spacing of hexagonal boron nitride is increased to obtain a better shear slip. The combination of these factors resulted in ultra‐low friction. This study paved the way for developing functional anti‐friction additives for durable and high‐performance lubrication.
Tuning Internal Accessibility via Nanochannel Orientation of Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for High‐Rate Potassium‐Ion Storage in Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Park Jongyoon , Kim Kangseok , Lim Eunho , Hwang Jongkook 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnhancing the accessibility and utilization of active sites through mesopores in carbon anode materials is crucial for developing high‐power potassium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (PIHCs). Here, a multiscale phase separation method combining block copolymer (BCP) microphase‐ and homopolymer (HP) macrophase‐separation is utilized to produce two model carbon materials with controlled mesopore orientation: open‐end (oe‐MCS) and closed‐end mesoporous carbon sphere (ce‐MCS). BCPs form identical cylindrical micelles, and HPs encapsulate these cylindrical micelles within spheres and control their orientations relative to the interface. This approach manipulates only the degree of mesopore openings in the MCS materials while maintaining all other factors at similar levels. Opening mesopores in carbon anode materials primarily enhances K+ adsorption capacity, reduces K+ diffusion length, and improves ion transport. Thus, oe‐MCS anode exhibits a higher specific capacity with a significant capacitive‐controlled contribution. The resulting PIHC device displays maximum energy and power densities of 103 Wh kg−1 and 12 300 W kg−1, respectively, along with capacity retention of 86.1% after 20 000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. This study significantly advances the understanding of mesopore design to improve capacitive K+ storage in hard carbon materials, paving the way for the development of high‐power PIHCs.
Pd‐Embedded NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides for Biomass Upgrading: Precision Construction of Dual‐Functional Synergistic Sites
Authors: Liu Guihao , Nie Tianqi , Song Ziheng , Sun Xiaoliang , Shen Tianyang , Bai Sha , Yu Tianrui , Zheng Lirong , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe key challenge for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) lies in understanding the synergistic interactions between active sites and adsorption sites, but the uncertain spatial positions of these two sites largely limit their synergistic effect. Here, an embedded Pd/NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) (3.6 nm) far larger than the interlayer spacing of LDH is reported, which results in the in situ generation of the defective structures at the interface of the NiFe laminate. The Pd/NiFe shows a lower onset potential of 1.34 V compared to NiFe (1.42 V). Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the Pd NPs exhibit a high level of orbital overlap with HMF, leading to a strong adsorption tendency and an increased local concentration of HMF near the Pd NPs. The Ni defects generated around Pd NPs result in the 3d‐orbitals of adjacent Ni sites approaching the Fermi level, reducing the oxidation barrier from Ni2+‐OH to Ni3+‐O active sites. Furthermore, this work provides crucial evidence for the hydration interactions between the aldehyde groups in HMF and the hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface, demonstrating that the removal ability of the latter one can have an important influence on HMFOR activity.
Interfacial Assembled Hydrogel Evaporator for Highly Efficient Thermal Management and Photothermal Coupled Water Splitting Reaction
Authors: Li Wenjie , Li Jinghan , Ding Lingling , Zhu Xinyi , Sun Ruixue , Chang Kun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents the design and synthesis of a hydrogel composite optimized for Interface Solar Steam Generation (ISSG), merging photothermal MoS2 hollow nanospheres, enhanced via polydopamine (PDA) coating for superior light absorption, with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix. The composite achieves a photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.6% at the interface, highlighting its effectiveness in solar energy harvesting. Under 1 kW m⁻2 solar irradiance, remarkable evaporation rates of 5.41 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹ (pure water) and 5.07 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹ (seawater) are recorded, alongside conversion efficiencies of 93.7% and 90.8%. Outdoor testing confirms a steady freshwater production at 3.11 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹. Incorporating the photothermal evaporation coupled with water splitting for hydrogen production, this system effectively mitigates the corrosive effects of chloride ions typically encountered in seawater, ensuring the integrity of the catalyst and thereby maintaining a high hydrogen production rate of 45.5 mmol m⁻2 h⁻¹. It exemplifies a sophisticated approach to balancing thermal dynamics and water transportation in solar evaporation technology. By demonstrating the feasibility of concurrent efficient photothermal evaporation and catalytic hydrogen production, this research introduces a pivotal strategy for enhancing the practicality and versatility of ISSG systems, thereby advancing sustainable energy and water treatment solutions.
Optical‐Propulsion Metastructures
Authors: Rao Senlin , Yi Wendi , Jiang Haoqing , Zhang Shizhuo , Yi Junchao , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPulsed laser micropropulsion (PLMP) offers a promising avenue for miniature space craft, yet conventional propellants face challenges in balancing efficiency and stability. An optical‐propulsion metastructure strategy using metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is presented to generate graphene‐metal metastructures (GMM), specifically GMM‐(HKUST‐1), which significantly enhances PLMP performance. This novel approach leverages the unique interaction between pulsed lasers and the precisely engineered GMMs—comprising optimized metal nanoparticle size, graphene layers, and inter‐particle gaps—to boost both propulsion efficiency and stability. Experimental and numerical analyses reveal that GMM‐(HKUST‐1) achieves aspecific impulse of 1072.94 s, ablation efficiency of 51.22%, and impulse thrust per mass of 105.15 µN µg−1, surpassing traditional propellants. With an average particle size of ≈12 nm and a density of 0.958 g cm−3, these metastructures exhibit 99% light absorption efficiency and maintain stability under atmospheric and humid conditions. The graphene nanolayer efficiently absorbs and converts laser energy, while the metal nanostructures enhance light‐matter interactions, promoting energy transfer and material stability. These findings suggest that this GMM‐based optical‐propulsion strategy can revolutionize microspacecraft propulsion and energy systems, offering significant advancements across various domains.