bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of COPD with obstruction in active smokers with normal spirometry and reduced diffusion capacity
Authors: Harvey Ben-Gary , Strulovici-Barel Yael , Kaner Robert J. , Sanders Abraham , Vincent Thomas L. , Mezey Jason G. , Crystal Ronald G. 
Published: November 2015

Smokers are assessed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spirometry, with COPD defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) as airflow limitation that is not fully reversible with bronchodilators. There is a subset of smokers with normal spirometry (by GOLD criteria), who have a low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), a parameter linked to emphysema and small airway disease. The natural history of these “normal spirometry/lowDLCO” smokers is unknown.From a cohort of 1570 smokers in the New York City metropolitian area, all of whom had normal spirometry, two groups were randomly selected for lung function follow-up: smokers with normal spirometry/normalDLCO(n=59) and smokers with normal spirometry/lowDLCO(n=46). All had normal history, physical examination, complete blood count, urinalysis, HIV status, α1-antitrypsin level, chest radiography, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio and total lung capacity. Throughout the study, all continued to be active smokers.In the normal spirometry/normalDLCOgroup assessed over 45±20 months, 3% developed GOLD-defined COPD. In contrast, in the normal spirometry/lowDLCOgroup, followed over 41±31 months, 22% developed GOLD-defined COPD.Despite appearing “normal” according to GOLD, smokers with normal spirometry but lowDLCOare at significant risk of developing COPD with obstruction to airflow.
New result on fixed point theorems for φ-contractions in Menger spaces
Authors: Hua Huichun , Chen Minjiang , Wang Shenghua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVery recently, Fang (Fuzzy Sets Syst. 267:86-99, 2015) gave some fixed point theorems for probabilistic φ-contractions in Menger spaces. Fang’s results improve the one of Jachymski (Nonlinear Anal. 73:2199-2203, 2010) by relaxing the restriction on the gauge function φ. In this paper, inspired by the results of Fang, we prove a new fixed point theorem for a probabilistic φ-contraction in Menger spaces in which a weaker condition on the function φ is required. Our result improves the corresponding one of Fang and some others. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our result.
Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hirvikoski Tatja , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Boman Marcus , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Bölte Sven 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMortality has been suggested to be increased in autism spectrum disorder
(ASD).AimsTo examine both all-cause and cause-specific mortality in ASD, as well as
investigate moderating role of gender and intellectual ability.MethodOdds ratios (ORs) were calculated for a population-based cohort of ASD
probands (n = 27 122, diagnosed between 1987 and 2009)
compared with gender-, age- and county of residence-matched controls
(n = 2 672 185).ResultsDuring the observed period, 24 358 (0.91%) individuals in the general
population died, whereas the corresponding figure for individuals with
ASD was 706 (2.60%; OR = 2.56; 95% CI 2.38–2.76). Cause-specific analyses
showed elevated mortality in ASD for almost all analysed diagnostic
categories. Mortality and patterns for cause-specific mortality were
partly moderated by gender and general intellectual ability.ConclusionsPremature mortality was markedly increased in ASD owing to a multitude of
medical conditions.
Effect of bromocriptine alginate nanocomposite (BANC) on a transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Khan Wasi , Fatima Ambreen , Jyoti Smita , Khanam Saba , Naz Falaq , Rahul  , Ali Fahad , Singh Braj Raj , Naqvi Alim Hussain 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The effect of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, administered in the form of bromocriptine alginate nanocomposite (BANC) was studied on Parkinson's disease (PD) model flies. The synthesized BANC was subject to characterization and, at a final concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 µM, was mixed in diet. The PD flies were allowed to feed on it for 24 days. A significant dose-dependent delay in the loss of climbing activity and activity pattern was observed in PD flies exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 µM BANC. The PD flies exposed to BANC also showed a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activity, and an increase in glutathione content. However, no gross morphological changes were observed in the brains of PD flies compared with controls. The results suggest that BANC is effective in reducing the PD symptoms in these transgenic flies.
Spatial and temporal translational control of germ cell mRNAs mediated by the eIF4E isoform IFE-1
Authors: Friday Andrew J. , Henderson Melissa A. , Morrison J. Kaitlin , Hoffman Jenna L. , Keiper Brett D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Regulated mRNA translation is vital for germ cells to produce new proteins in the spatial and temporal patterns that drive gamete development. Translational control involves the de-repression of stored mRNAs and their recruitment by eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) to ribosomes. C. elegans expresses five eIF4Es (IFE-1–IFE-5); several have been shown to selectively recruit unique pools of mRNA. Individual IFE knockouts yield unique phenotypes due to inefficient translation of certain mRNAs. Here, we identified mRNAs preferentially translated through the germline-specific eIF4E isoform IFE-1. Differential polysome microarray analysis identified 77 mRNAs recruited by IFE-1. Among the IFE-1-dependent mRNAs are several required for late germ cell differentiation and maturation. Polysome association of gld-1, vab-1, vpr-1, rab-7 and rnp-3 mRNAs relies on IFE-1. Live animal imaging showed IFE-1-dependent selectivity in spatial and temporal translation of germline mRNAs. Altered MAPK activation in oocytes suggests dual roles for IFE-1, both promoting and suppressing oocyte maturation at different stages. This single eIF4E isoform exerts positive, selective translational control during germ cell differentiation.
Perbandingan Konsep Adab Menurut Ibn Hajar Al-’Asqalany dengan Konsep Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia
Authors: Nurdin Indra Fajar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany crises that rise in our society recently, from educationalperspective, showed that the national education system has not perform optimally yet in forming society that has bothskill-intellectuality and also spirituality, self-control, personality, and good moral. Thatmulti-dimension crises basically rooted from the decrease of nation moral quality e.g. theincrease of corruption culture and conflict, the raise of criminality, and the decrease ofwork-ethos. A solution applied by Indonesian government is by implementing charactereducation, that has similar term in Islamic education’s the concept of Adab. The purposeof this research is to find out the concept about Adab by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalany, and tofind out the comparison and relevance between Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalany’s concept of Adabwith the concept of character education in Indonesia. This research concludes that theconcept of Adab based on Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalany’s thought includes the fulfillment anddevelopment of adab to Allah Swt, adab to his/her self, and adab to another person. Thatconcept of adab can be a basic step to determine the nine cores of character educationthat implemented in Indonesia.
Climate Change and Rural Out-migration in Himalaya
Authors: Tiwari Prakash C. , Joshi Bhagwati 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper examines linkages between climate change and rural out-migration in Himalaya. Subsistence agriculture constitutes the main source of food and rural livelihoods in the region although the availability of arable land is severely limited and crop productivity is low. The constraints of the subsistence economy compel a large proportion of the adult male population to outmigrate from the mountain region in search of livelihoods and employment. Changing climatic conditions have stressed Himalayan agricultural and livelihood systems through higher mean annual temperatures and melting of glaciers and snow, altered precipitation patterns and hydrological disruptions, and more frequent and severe extreme weather events. The amount of rainfall events and number of rainy days has declined respectively by 52% and 34% during the last ten years and the incidence of high intensity rainfall and droughts have increased. These changes have disrupted the hydrological systems and reduced the availability of water resulting in frequent crop failures, declines in irrigation potential (25%), decreased agricultural productivity (26%), and loss of rural livelihoods (34%) in traditional rural sectors. These pressures have contributed to increasing trends of rural out-migration, specifically an overall increase of 2536% between 2001 and 2013. The increasing trend of outmigration among male youth has affected the quality of life of rural women through feminization of mountain agriculture and resource development processes.
On a space of entire functions rapidly decreasing on Rn and its Fourier transform
Authors: Musin Il’dar Kh. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA space of entire functions of several complex variables rapidly decreasing on Rn and such that their growth along iRn is majorized with the help of a family of weight functions is considered in this paper. For such space an equivalent description in terms of estimates on all of its partial derivatives as functions on Rn and a Paley-Wiener type theorem are obtained.
Risky Group Decision-Making Method for Distribution Grid Planning
Authors: Li Cunbin , Yuan Jiahang , Qi Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
With rapid speed on electricity using and increasing in renewable energy, more and more research pay attention on distribution grid planning. For the drawbacks of existing research, this paper proposes a new risky group decision-making method for distribution grid planning. Firstly, a mixing index system with qualitative and quantitative indices is built. On the basis of considering the fuzziness of language evaluation, choose cloud model to realize “quantitative to qualitative” transformation and construct interval numbers decision matrices according to the “3En” principle. An m-dimensional interval numbers decision vector is regarded as super cuboids in m-dimensional attributes space, using two-level orthogonal experiment to arrange points uniformly and dispersedly. The numbers of points are assured by testing numbers of two-level orthogonal arrays and these points compose of distribution points set to stand for decision-making project. In order to eliminate the influence of correlation among indices, Mahalanobis distance is used to calculate the distance from each solutions to others which means that dynamic solutions are viewed as the reference. Secondly, due to the decision-maker’s attitude can affect the results, this paper defines the prospect value function based on SNR which is from Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and attains the comprehensive prospect value of each program as well as the order. At last, the validity and reliability of this method is illustrated by examples which prove the method is more valuable and superiority than the other.
Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Russian Olive (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Fruit
Authors: Nadian Mohammad Hossein , Abbaspour-fard Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The effect of moisture content on some properties of two varieties (Meymeh and Maragheh) of Russian olives was studied. The physical and mechanical properties including: dimensions, geometric mean diameter, thousand mass, volume, sphericity, surface area, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, rupture force, and rupture energy. The changes of moisture content levels from 17% to 25% (w.b.) indicated a statistically significant effect on all studied physical properties, except bulk density for Russian olive fruits. Shearing force was applied to the fruit using a testing machine in double shear mode. Shear strength and shearing energy increased with increase of loading rate; however, they were higher in Meymeh variety than Maragheh variety. Therefore, the lowest loading rate, with up to about 10 mm/min is desirable to design a suitable pulverizing mill in the herbal medicine industries.
Comparison of Search-Based Software Engineering Algorithms for Resource Allocation Optimization
Authors: Bibi Nazia , Anwar Zeeshan , Ahsan Ali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA project manager balances the resource allocation using resource leveling algorithms after assigning resources to project activities. However, resource leveling does not ensure optimized allocation of resources. Furthermore, the duration and cost of a project may increase after leveling resources. The objectives of resource allocation optimization used in our research are to (i) increase resource utilization, (ii) decrease project cost, and (iii) decrease project duration. We implemented three search-based software engineering algorithms, i.e. multiobjective genetic algorithm, multiobjective particle swarm algorithm (MOPSO), and elicit nondominated sorting evolutionary strategy. Twelve experiments to optimize the resource allocation are performed on a published case study. The experimental results are analyzed and compared in the form of Pareto fronts, average Pareto fronts, percent increase in resource utilization, percent decrease in project cost, and percent decrease in project duration. The experimental results show that MOPSO is the best technique for resource optimization because after optimization with MOPSO, resource utilization is increased and the project cost and duration are reduced.
A Multicriteria Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set TOPSIS Decision-Making Approach Based on the Improved Score Function
Authors: Li Wei-wei , Wu Chong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed based on completely unknown attribute weight information, as well as taking multiple criteria decision making of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number as the evaluation information. First of all, a cumulative interval score function considering the influence of hesitation as well as a cumulative score function containing the risk preference of the decision maker were constructed. Then, a new information entropy function was constructed by using the newly defined score function, which presents a new method that directly utilizes evaluation information to obtain criterion weight. Next, all schemes were sequenced by virtue of relative closeness and the criterion weight of each alternative and ideal scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was illustrated by comparison with examples.
Crime as Prime
Authors: Holton Richard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Traditional interpretations of legal doctrine have seen the actus reus and the mens rea as independent elements of a crime. Here it is argued that various puzzles surrounding the nature of intent and of attempt can be better addressed if we reject that idea. Following Williamson’s account of knowledge, it is suggested that the two are inseparable. The crime consists in the performance of an intentional act. It follows that an act has been performed and that the performer is in a certain mental state. But these cannot in general exist independently of each other.
Membrane-Channel Protein System Mesh
Construction for Finite Element Simulations
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Bai Shiyang , Tu Bin , Chen Minxin , Lu Benzhuo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We present a method of constructing the volume meshes of the membrane-channel protein system
for finite element simulation of ion channels. The membrane channel system consists of the solvent
region and the membrane-protein region. Our method focuses on labeling the tetrahedra in the solvent and
membrane-protein regions and collecting the interface triangles between different regions. It contains two
stages. Firstly, a volume mesh conforming the surface of the channel protein is generated by the surface and
volume mesh generation tools: TMSmesh and TetGen. Then a walk-and-detect algorithm is used to identify
the pore region to embed the membrane correctly. This method is shown to be robust because of its independence
of the pore structure of the ion channels. In addition, we can also get the information of whether
the ion channel is open or closed by the walk-and-detect algorithm. An on-line meshing procedure will be
available at our website www.continuummodel.org.
Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications
Authors: Gross S. , Withford M. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSince the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.
Quantum Electrostatic Model for Optical Properties of Nanoscale Gold Films
Authors: Qian Haoliang , Xiao Yuzhe , Lepage Dominic , Chen Li , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The optical properties of thin gold films with thickness varying from 2.5 nm to
30 nm are investigated. Due to the quantum size effect, the optical constants of
the thin gold film deviate from the Drude model for bulk material as film
thickness decreases, especially around 2.5 nm, where the electron energy level
becomes discrete. A theory based on the self-consistent solution of the
Schrödinger equation and the Poisson equation is proposed and its predictions
agree well with experimental results.
Lifshitz transitions and zero point lattice fluctuations in sulfur hydride showing near room temperature superconductivity
Authors: Bianconi Antonio , Jarlborg Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEmerets’s experiments on pressurized sulfur hydride have shown that H3S metal has the highest known superconducting critical temperature Tc = 203 K. The Emerets data show pressure induced changes of the isotope coefficient between 0.25 and 0.5, in disagreement with Eliashberg theory which predicts a nearly constant isotope coefficient.We assign the pressure dependent isotope coefficient to Lifshitz transitions induced by pressure and zero point lattice fluctuations. It is known that pressure could induce changes of the topology of the Fermi surface, called Lifshitz transitions, but were neglected in previous papers on the H3S superconductivity issue. Here we propose thatH3S is a multi-gap superconductor with a first condensate in the BCS regime (located in the large Fermi surface with high Fermi energy) which coexists with second condensates in the BCS-BEC crossover regime (located on the Fermi surface spots with small Fermi energy) near the and Mpoints.We discuss the Bianconi-Perali-Valletta (BPV) superconductivity theory to understand superconductivity in H3S since the BPV theory includes the corrections of the chemical potential due to pairing and the configuration interaction between different condensates, neglected by the Eliashberg theory. These two terms in the BPV theory give the shape resonance in superconducting gaps, similar to Feshbach resonance in ultracold fermionic gases, which is known to amplify the critical temperature. Therefore this work provides some key tools useful in the search for new room temperature superconductors.
Ernan McMullin’s Thought on Science and Theology: An Appreciation
Authors: Barzaghi Amerigo , Corcó Josep 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe thought of Ernan McMullin on the relationship between science and theology can be summarized with a word that he himself used: consonance. We briefly describe this epistemological proposal, and we show a concrete instance of its application by way of a short analysis of one of McMullin’s interdisciplinary works, “Cosmic Purpose and the Contingency of Human Evolution.” With the help of the authoritative comment that William Stoeger has made on this paper, we sketch McMullin’s effort to find a consonance between two different claims: the theological one – humans expected – and the evolutionary one – humans unexpected. In this case, consonance is reached by recurring to the classic Augustinian notion of the atemporality of God. We then show how McMullin’s way of interpreting consonance affects the question of the viability of a natural theology in a scientifically informed era. In fact, his distrust of various kinds of natural theology is another crucial aspect of his epistemological framework for interdisciplinary dialogue.
Increased mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields as a potential hazard for hypersensitive people and pregnant women
Authors: Mortazavi Ghazal , Mortazavi S.M.J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOver the past decades, the use of common sources of electromagnetic fields such as Wi-Fi routers and mobile phones has been increased enormously all over the world. There is ongoing concern that exposure to electromagnetic fields can lead to adverse health effects. It has recently been shown that even low doses of mercury are capable of causing toxicity. Therefore, efforts are initiated to phase down or eliminate the use of mercury amalgam in dental restorations. Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields such as those generated by MRI and mobile phones has been reported by our team and other researchers. We have recently shown that some of the papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological errors. Although it was previously believed that the amount of mercury released from dental amalgam cannot be hazardous, new findings indicate that mercury, even at low doses, may cause toxicity. Based on recent epidemiological findings, it can be claimed that the safety of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings is questionable. Therefore, as some individuals tend to be hypersensitive to the toxic effects of mercury, regulatory authorities should re-assess the safety of exposure to electromagnetic fields in individuals with amalgam restorations. On the other hand, we have reported that increased mercury release after exposure to electromagnetic fields may be risky for the pregnant women. It is worth mentioning that as a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels has been found in some studies, our findings regarding the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings lead us to this conclusion that pregnant women with dental amalgam fillings should limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields to prevent toxic effects of mercury in their fetuses. Based on these findings, as infants and children are more vulnerable to mercury exposures, and as some individuals are routinely exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields, we possibly need a paradigm shift in evaluating the health effects of amalgam fillings.