bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRITISH RAIL KATABASIS: W.G. SEBALD'S ‘DAY RETURN’
Authors: Englund Axel 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the analogy between language and location, and between travel and interpretation, in the hitherto little‐studied poetry of W.G. Sebald. Its primary example is ‘Day Return’, a two‐part poem from the early 1980s, which describes a train trip through East Anglia to London and back. This poem develops the analogy between language and location in various ways. For one thing, it is a bilingual text: it intersperses a number of English lines among the German ones, evoking the linguistic ambiguity inherent in the experience of the expatriate writer. Moreover, as Sebald's lyrical ‘I’ passes Ipswich, Romford, Stratford and Maryland on the way to Liverpool Street Station, he weaves these sites together in an intertextual web involving, among others, Dante, Kafka and Samuel Pepys. Finally, the journey is allegorically construed by the poetic voice as a descent into (and return from) the underworld. While many of these themes are familiar from Sebald's later work, the value of his poems does not depend upon their relation to his canonised prose: they are fascinating literary constructs in their own right, deserving of close critical attention.Dieser Artikel behandelt die Analogie zwischen Sprache und Ort, sowie zwischen Reise und Interpretation, in der bisher wenig untersuchten Lyrik W.G. Sebalds, anhand von ‘Day Return’, einem zweiteiligen Gedicht aus den frühen 1980er Jahren. Dieses Gedicht, das eine Zugfahrt durch East Anglia nach London und zurück beschreibt, entwickelt die Analogie zwischen Sprache und Ort auf mehrerlei Weise. Erstens ist es ein zweisprachiger Text, der durchsetzt ist mit englischen Zeilen, und somit den sprachlichen Zwiespalt evoziert, der der Erfahrung des ausgewanderten Dichters innewohnt. Überdies webt Sebalds lyrisches Ich, als er auf dem Weg in Richtung Liverpool Street Station Ipswich, Romford, und die Londoner Stadtteile Stratford und Maryland passiert, diese Orte zu einem intertextuellen Netz zusammen, das, unter anderem, Dante, Kafka und Samuel Pepys einschließt. Schließlich wird die Reise des lyrischen Subjekts als ein Hinabsteigen in die (und Heraufsteigen aus der) Unterwelt allegorisch gedeutet. Wenn auch viele dieser Themen aus Sebalds späteren Werken bekannt sind, ist der Wert seiner Gedichte nicht von ihrer Beziehung zu seiner kanonisierten Prosa abhängig: sie sind faszinierende literarische Werke an sich, die sorgfältige kritische Aufmerksamkeit verdient haben.
Parenteral Treatment of Episodic Tension‐Type Headache: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weinman Danielle , Nicastro Olivia , Akala Olabiyi , Friedman Benjamin W. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundTension‐type headache is highly prevalent in the general population and is a consistent if not frequent cause of visits to acute care settings. Analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and salicylates are considered first‐line therapy for treatment of tension‐type headache. For patients who present to an acute care setting with persistent tension‐type headache despite analgesic therapy, it is not clear which parenteral agent should be administered. We performed a systematic review of the medical literature to determine whether parenteral therapies other than salicylates or nonsteroidals are efficacious for acute tension‐type headache.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google scholar, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials from inception through August, 2012 using the search terms “tension‐type headache” and “parenteral or subcutaneous or intramuscular or intravenous.” Our goal was to identify randomized trials in which one parenteral treatment was compared to another active comparator or to placebo for the acute relief of tension‐type headache. Parenteral was defined as intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration. We only included studies that distinguished tension‐type headache from other primary headache disorders, such as migraine. The primary outcome for this review was measures of efficacy one hour after medication administration. Data abstraction was performed by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. We assessed the internal validity of trials using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Because of the small number of trials identified, and the substantial heterogeneity among study design and medications, we decided that combining data and reporting summary statistics would serve no useful function. The results of individual studies are presented using Number Needed to Treat (NNT) with 95%CI when dichotomous outcomes were available and continuous outcomes otherwise.ResultsOur search returned 640 results. One hundred eighty‐seven abstracts were reviewed, and 8 studies involving 486 patients were included in our analysis. The most common reasons for exclusion of abstracts were no assessment of acute pain relief, use of nonparenteral medications only, and no differentiation of headache type. Risk of bias ranged from low to high. The following medications were more effective than placebo for acute pain (NNT, 95%CI): metamizole (4, 2‐26), chlorpromazine (4, 2‐26), and metoclopramide (2, 1‐3). The combination of metoclopramide + diphenhydramine was superior to ketorolac (4, 2‐8) The following medications were not more effective than placebo: mepivacaine, meperidine + promethazine, and sumatriptan.ConclusionsVarious parenteral medications other than salicylates or nonsteroidals provide acute relief of tension‐type headache. Comparative efficacy studies are needed.
Antibiofilm activity of irrigating solutions associated with cetrimide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , Nascimento C. A. , Faria‐Júnior N. B. , Graeff M. S. Z. , Watanabe E. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX using confocal laser scanning microscopy.MethodologyEnterococcus faecalis (ATCC‐ 29212) biofilms were induced on bovine dentine blocks for 14 days. The dentine blocks containing biofilm were immersed for 1 min in the following solutions: 2.5% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR; 2% CHX; 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR; 0.2% CTR; QMiX. After contact with the solutions, the dentine blocks were stained with Live/Dead® BacLight for analysis of the remaining biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscope. Images were evaluated using the BioImage_L software to determine the total biovolume (μm3), the green biovolume (live cells) (μm3) and the percentage of substrate coverage (%). The data were subjected to nonparametric statistical test using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level.ResultsAfter exposure to irrigants, the total biovolume observed for CHX, CHX+CTR, CTR, QMiX was similar to distilled water (P > 0.05). NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR had the lowest total and green biovolume. The CTR and QMiX had intermediate green biovolume, with greater antibacterial activity than CHX and CHX+CTR (P < 0.05). The NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were associated with microorganism removal and substrate cleaning ability.ConclusionsNaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were effective on microorganism viability and were able to eliminate biofilm. The addition of cetrimide did not influence antibacterial activity.
Martin Luther on Preaching Christ Present
Authors: Jorgenson Allen G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article advances the thesis that proclamation in Martin Luther's theology illumines Christ's non‐manipulative presence and sacrament his available presence. It is demonstrated that Luther's interest in the church as Mundhaus was not advanced at the expense of an emphasis on the sacraments. Hearing and seeing as correlates of Word and sacrament advance different theological points of emphasis vis‐à‐vis Christ's sovereign yet available presence. Moreover, I suggest that these themes of Word and sacrament – held in tension – roughly correspond to the following pairs in the thought of Luther: pride and despair; redemption and creation; and forensic and effective metaphors of justification. In conclusion, some suggestions regarding the utility of the theme of real presence are advanced for understanding the world as the object of God's saving actions.
Heuristics and matheuristics for a real‐life machine reassignment problem
Authors: Lopes Ramon , Morais Vinicius W.C. , Noronha Thiago F. , Souza Vitor A.A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses a real‐life machine reassignment problem proposed in the Google ROADEF/EURO Challenge (). In this paper, we propose a linear integer programming (IP) formulation and iterated local search (ILS) heuristics for approximately solving this problem. Different versions of the ILS heuristics are presented. Two of these versions rely on IP‐based perturbations, whereas the other two are based on randomized perturbations. We also propose efficient restricted versions of the classic perturbation and local search procedures based on the “shift” and “swap” neighborhoods. Computational experiments showed that the IP‐based heuristics are competitive with the best heuristics in the literature.
Craniomaxillofacial Abnormalities in Dogs With Congenital Palatal Defects: Computed Tomographic Findings
Authors: Nemec Ana , Daniaux Lise , Johnson Eric , Peralta Santiago , Verstraete Frank J.M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects.Study DesignRetrospective computed tomography (CT) study.AnimalsDogs with congenital palatal defects (n = 9).MethodsMedical records and CT reports (1995–2012) were searched for dogs with a diagnosis of cleft palate that had a CT study. Data retrieved were: breed, age, sex, weight, physical examination, and laboratory findings, number of previous palate surgeries, and oral/dental examination findings with the diagnosis of the cleft for each dog. CT studies of the head were reviewed on a structure‐by‐structure basis.ResultsTympanic bullae were most commonly found to be abnormal (8 dogs), followed by nasal turbinates (6), nasal septum, vomer, cribriform plate (4), frontal sinuses, and lateral ventricles (3). Other abnormalities were related to occlusion, teeth, incisive bones, maxillary bones, mandibles, hyoid apparatus, cranial bones, and nasopharynx. The soft tissue defect of the cleft was always smaller than the bony defect.ConclusionsCraniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects are common and some of these may negatively affect the quality of life. Importantly for surgical planning, the soft tissue component of the cleft may underestimate the extent of the bony defect, especially in failed repairs.
ULCER, ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AND SUICIDE
Authors: Viskum K. 
Published: January 2014

Attempted suicide and suicide have been investigated among 2,619 patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and ulcer dyspepsia without ulcer demonstrable by x‐ray. There was no difference in the percentage of attempted suicides and suicides among the three ulcer groups or between the sexes. Within well‐defined periods, there was a statistically significant greater excess of attempted suicides among patients operated on than among unoperated patients.The distribution according to psychiatric diagnosis was very similar to the one observed among persons in general in Copenhagen attempting suicide.The number of patients committing suicide exceeded the expected number significantly, for men as well as for women, but there was no difference between patients operated on and unoperated patients. The psychiatric diagnoses of those committing suicide were predominantly neuroses and psychopathy.
Influence of the Addition of Extruded Flours on Rice Bread Quality
Authors: Martínez Mario M. , Oliete Bonastre , Román Laura , Gómez Manuel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe extrusion may improve coeliac bread quality by modifying the functional properties of flour. This study investigates the influence of the substitution of 10% of rice flour by extruded rice flours (three intensities of treatment and two particle sizes) on the characteristics of gluten‐free bread (specific volume and texture) at constant consistency. The microstructure and rheology of the doughs obtained and their behavior during fermentation have also been analyzed. The extruded flours increase dough consistency, and the effect is more noticeable with increasing intensities of treatment. The use of extruded flours requires the addition of a larger volume of water to obtain a constant consistency. The addition of extruded flour decreases dough development, producing a lower specific volume and greater bread hardness. This effect is minimized by increasing the particle size. The staling of bread from 24 to 72 h is less noticeable with a larger particle size.Practical ApplicationsThis study evidences that the use of extruded flours in rice bread making allows increasing dough hydration and therefore the bread yield while decreasing bread staling. However, the correct selection of extrusion treatment and flour particle size is essential to achieve appropriate results, being preferable the use of coarse flours with more intense extrusion treatment.
Cognitive Performance in Orthostatic Hypotension: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Frewen John , Savva George M. , Boyle Gerard , Finucane Ciaran , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the cognitive profile of a population representative sample with orthostatic hypotension (OH) with the profile of a sample without.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a prospective nationally representative population study.SettingThe Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).ParticipantsTILDA participants (N = 5,936; mean age 63 ± 9, 54% female).MeasurementsOH was defined as a drop of 20 mmHg or more in systolic blood pressure or of 10 mmHg or more in diastolic blood pressure on standing from a seated position. Cognitive performance was assessed using comprehensive cognitive tests measuring domains of global function, executive function, processing speed, attention, and memory, from which composite standardized scores were computed. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders was performed to compare cognitive performance according to OH status.ResultsPrevalence of OH was 6.1% (95% confidence interval = 5.4–6.7%). A significant negative association between OH status and global cognitive function (β = −0.21, P = .01) and memory (β = −0.26, P = .002) was found in women aged 65 and older after adjustment for demographic characteristics, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and medications (antihypertensive and antipsychotic), but other specific cognitive domains were not affected.ConclusionOH was associated with poorer global cognitive function and poorer memory, independent of potential confounders, in women in a large population‐based sample of older adults. Longitudinal studies with concomitant assessment of cerebral perfusion are needed to determine causal relationships.
Case‐Mix and Quality Indicators in Chinese Elder Care Homes: Are There Differences Between Government‐Owned and Private‐Sector Facilities?
Authors: Liu Chang , Feng Zhanlian , Mor Vincent 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the association between ownership of Chinese elder care facilities and their performance quality and to compare the case‐mix profile of residents and facility characteristics in government‐owned and private‐sector homes.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingCensus of elder care homes surveyed in Nanjing (2009) and Tianjin (2010).ParticipantsElder care facilities located in urban Nanjing (n = 140, 95% of all) and urban Tianjin (n = 157, 97% of all).MeasurementsA summary case‐mix index based on activity of daily living (ADL) limitations and cognitive impairment was created to measure levels of care needs of residents in each facility. Structure, process, and outcome measures were selected to assess facility‐level quality of care. A structural quality measure, understaffing relative to resident levels of care needs, which indicates potentially inadequate staffing given resident case‐mix, was also developed.ResultsGovernment‐owned homes had significantly higher occupancy rates, presumably reflecting popular demand for publicly subsidized beds, but served residents who, on average, have fewer ADL and cognitive functioning limitations than those in private‐sector facilities. Across a range of structure, process, and outcome measures of quality, there is no clear evidence suggesting advantages or disadvantages of either ownership type, although when staffing‐to‐resident ratio is gauged relative to resident case‐mix, private‐sector facilities were more likely to be understaffed than government‐owned facilities.ConclusionIn Nanjing and Tianjin, private‐sector homes were more likely to be understaffed, although their residents were sicker and frailer on average than those in government facilities. It is likely that the case‐mix differences are the result of selective admission policies that favor healthier residents in government facilities than in private‐sector homes.
Eliciting perceptions of satisfaction with services and supports from persons with intellectual disability and developmental disabilities: a review of the literature
Authors: Copeland S. R. , Luckasson R. , Shauger R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAssessing the perceptions of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and developmental disabilities (DD) is an essential part of evaluating and planning services and an important component of respect for self‐direction and autonomy. It can be difficult, however, to assess satisfaction in such a way that individuals with disabilities' actual perceptions of satisfaction are accurately represented because of intellectual and communication difficulties they may have, the restricted range and nature of service systems, and the limitations of strategies used by some researchers.MethodThe purpose of this literature review was to systematically examine research studies designed to solicit personal satisfaction information from individuals with ID and DD. We reviewed 29 studies that met inclusion criteria to determine (1) who were participants in the studies, (2) what processes researchers used to obtain opinions and perspectives of persons with ID and DD, and (3) how researchers ensured the credibility, accuracy and voluntariness of participants' responses.ResultsFindings revealed that most of the research participants had ID with higher IQs and limited needs for supports. Researchers utilised a variety of processes to elicit perceptions of satisfaction. Most studies employed individual interviews; researchers addressed comprehensibility of questions in a number of ways (e.g. use of visuals, adjusting wording of questions, providing clear examples). Few studies reported training interviewers or taking into account participants' primary language or cultural background. No studies reported educating participants about how to understand the satisfaction information data or how to use it in advocating for more appropriate supports.ConclusionsAssessing the satisfaction with supports and services of individuals with ID and DD is complex particularly for persons with extensive support needs. Continued research using varied conceptual frameworks and new technologies is needed. Also helpful will be teaching persons with disabilities about the assessment process and how to use its results.
Labor Mobility: Implications for Asset Pricing
Authors: DONANGELO ANDRÉS 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTLabor mobility is the flexibility of workers to walk away from an industry in response to better opportunities. I develop a model in which labor flows make bad times worse for shareholders who are left with capital that is less productive. The model shows that firms face greater operating leverage by providing flexibility to mobile workers. I construct an empirical measure of labor mobility consistent with the model and document an economically significant cross‐sectional relation between mobility, operating leverage, and stock returns. I find that firms in mobile industries earn returns over 5% higher than those in less mobile industries.
The Cross‐Section of Credit Risk Premia and Equity Returns
Authors: FRIEWALD NILS , WAGNER CHRISTIAN , ZECHNER JOSEF 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe explore the link between a firm's stock returns and credit risk using a simple insight from structural models following Merton (): risk premia on equity and credit instruments are related because all claims on assets must earn the same compensation per unit of risk. Consistent with theory, we find that firms' stock returns increase with credit risk premia estimated from CDS spreads. Credit risk premia contain information not captured by physical or risk‐neutral default probabilities alone. This sheds new light on the “distress puzzle”—the lack of a positive relation between equity returns and default probabilities—reported in previous studies.
Post‐partum recovery course in patients with gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Mikami Yukiko , Takagi Kenjiro , Itaya Yukiko , Ono Yoshihisa , Matsumura Hideyoshi , Takai Yasushi , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimWe examined the post‐partum recovery course in patients with pre‐eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH) and evaluated the associated factors.MethodsIn a retrospective review of 145 patients with GH or PE who gave birth between 1 January 2008 and 30 October 2011 at our institution, there were 125 PE and 20 GH cases. Data collected included the gestational age at initial examination and delivery, delivery mode, time for normalization of blood pressure (BP), and time until resolution of proteinuria in PE patients. Comparisons were made between singleton and multiple pregnancies, onset (early, <32 weeks; late, ≥32 weeks) and fetal growth restriction in singleton pregnancies.ResultsThe mean interval for normalization of BP was 41.8 ± 29.4 days (median, 31.5). The mean interval for resolution of proteinuria was 30.0 ± 39.6 days (median, 27.0). Ninety percent of patients required 77 and 60 days to recover from hypertension and proteinuria, respectively. The time for BP normalization was longer in the early‐onset group. The time for resolution of proteinuria was not affected by any factor examined.ConclusionA post‐partum observation period of 12 weeks is acceptable for differentiating PE and GH from chronic hypertension or renal disease. GH severity did not affect the recovery period, but proteinuria severity did. Onset time was a factor influencing the recovery from PE and GH.