bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle
Authors: Shin Seung Won , Shin Min Kyoung , Jung Myunghwan , Belaynehe Kuastros Mekonnen , Yoo Han Sang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and transferability of resistance in tetracycline-resistant
Escherichia coli
isolates recovered from beef cattle in South Korea. A total of 155
E. coli
isolates were collected from feces in South Korea, and 146 were confirmed to be resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance gene
tet
(A) (46.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by
tet
(B) (45.1%) and
tet
(C) (5.8%). Strains carrying
tet
(A) plus
tet
(B) and
tet
(B) plus
tet
(C) were detected in two isolates each. In terms of phylogenetic grouping, 101 (65.2%) isolates were classified as phylogenetic group B1, followed in decreasing order by D (17.4%), A (14.2%), and B2 (3.2%). Ninety-one (62.3%) isolates were determined to be multidrug resistant by the disk diffusion method. MIC testing using the principal tetracyclines, namely, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, revealed that isolates carrying
tet
(B) had higher MIC values than isolates carrying
tet
(A). Conjugation assays showed that 121 (82.9%) isolates could transfer a tetracycline resistance gene to a recipient via the IncFIB replicon (65.1%). This study suggests that the high prevalence of tetracycline-resistant
E. coli
isolates in beef cattle is due to the transferability of tetracycline resistance genes between
E. coli
populations which have survived the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents.
Genome Sequence of Photobacterium halotolerans MELD1, with Mercury Reductase (
merA
), Isolated from
Phragmites australis
Authors: Mathew Dony Chacko , Mathew Gincy Marina , Gicana Ronnie Gicaraya , Huang Chieh-Chen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of
Photobacterium halotolerans
strain, MELD1, isolated from the roots of a terrestrial plant
Phragmites australis
grown in soil heavily contaminated with mercury and dioxin. The genome provides further insight into the adaptation of bacteria to the toxic environment from where it was isolated.
Complete Genome Sequence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ach5
Authors: Huang Ya-Yi , Cho Shu-Ting , Lo Wen-Sui , Wang Yi-Chieh , Lai Erh-Min , Kuo Chih-Horng 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Agrobacterium tumefaciens
is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes crown gall disease. The strain Ach5 was isolated from yarrow (
Achillea ptarmica
L.) and is the wild-type progenitor of other derived strains widely used for plant transformation. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium.
The impact of neighbourhood violence and social cohesion on smoking behaviours among a cohort of smokers in Mexico
Authors: Fleischer Nancy L , Lozano Paula , Arillo Santillán Edna , Reynales Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Thrasher James F 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundRecent increases in violent crime may impact a variety of health outcomes in Mexico. We examined relationships between neighbourhood-level violence and smoking behaviours in a cohort of Mexican smokers from 2011 to 2012, and whether neighbourhood-level social cohesion modified these relationships.MethodsData were analysed from adult smokers and recent ex-smokers who participated in waves 5 and 6 of the International Tobacco Control Mexico survey. Self-reported neighbourhood violence and social cohesion were asked of wave 6 survey participants (n=2129 current and former smokers, n=150 neighbourhoods). Neighbourhood-level averages for violence and social cohesion (ranges 4–14 and 10–25, respectively) were assigned to individuals. We used generalised estimating equations to determine associations between neighbourhood indicators and individual-level smoking intensity, quit behaviours and relapse.ResultsHigher neighbourhood violence was associated with higher smoking intensity (risk ratio (RR)=1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.33), and fewer quit attempts (RR=0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.85). Neighbourhood violence was not associated with successful quitting or relapse. Higher neighbourhood social cohesion was associated with more quit attempts and more successful quitting. Neighbourhood social cohesion modified the association between neighbourhood violence and smoking intensity: in neighbourhoods with higher social cohesion, as violence increased, smoking intensity decreased and in neighbourhoods with lower social cohesion, as violence increased, so did smoking intensity.ConclusionsIn the context of recent increased violence in Mexico, smokers living in neighbourhoods with more violence may smoke more cigarettes per day and make fewer quit attempts than their counterparts in less violent neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood social cohesion may buffer the impact of violence on smoking intensity.
Metal-induced property variation for a series of lanthanide-vanadium porphyrins
Authors: Pei Yun-Peng , Huang Jian-Gen , Hu Rong-Hua , Yang Yun-Xia , Zhou Jie , Chen Wen-Tong 
Published: June 2015

Three lanthanide-vanadium porphyrins, [ LnV ( TPPS ) H 2 O ]n ( Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Er (3); H 6 TPPS = tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin), have been prepared from hydrothermal reactions and their structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The macrocyclic ring of H 6 TPPS is coplanar and the center is occupied by the vanadium(III) ion. The lanthanide(III) ions are bound by eight oxygen atoms to yield a distorted square anti-prism geometry. They are characteristic of a three-dimensional (3-D) open framework with a void space of around 210 Å3. Fluorescence studies reveal that compounds 1–3 exhibit an emission band in the red region with the quantum yields being of 2.0%, 1.4% and 5.0%, respectively. CV/DPV results discover one quasi-reversible wave (1), one reductive peak (2) and two reductive peaks (3). Compounds 1–3 show largely different photophysical and electrochemical properties, although their structures only show tiny difference in lanthanide metal ions. This is due to metal-induced properties variation.
KIAA1324 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Progression by Inhibiting the Oncoprotein GRP78
Authors: Kang Jin Muk , Park Sujin , Kim Staci Jakyong , Kim Hyojung , Lee Bona , Kim Junil , Park Jinah , Kim Shin Tae , Yang Han-Kwang , Kim Woo Ho , Kim Seong-Jin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Recent advances in genome and transcriptome analysis have contributed to the identification of many potential cancer-related genes. Furthermore, biological and clinical investigations of the candidate genes provide us with a better understanding of carcinogenesis and development of cancer treatment. Here, we report a novel role of KIAA1324 as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. We observed that KIAA1324 was downregulated in most gastric cancers from transcriptome sequencing data and found that histone deacetylase was involved in the suppression of KIAA1324. Low KIAA1324 levels were associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In the xenograft model, KIAA1324 significantly reduced tumor formation of gastric cancer cells and decreased development of preformed tumors. KIAA1324 also suppressed proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Through protein interaction analysis, we identified GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa) as a KIAA1324-binding partner. KIAA1324 blocked oncogenic activities of GRP78 by inhibiting GRP78–caspase-7 interaction and suppressing GRP78-mediated AKT activation, thereby inducing apoptosis. In conclusion, our study reveals a tumor suppressive role of KIAA1324 via inhibition of GRP78 oncoprotein activities and provides new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 75(15); 3087–97. ©2015 AACR.
Dissemination of Chest Compression–Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Iwami Taku , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: June 2015

Background—
The best cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique for survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has been intensively discussed in the recent few years. However, most analyses focused on comparison at the individual level. How well the dissemination of bystander-initiated chest compression–only CPR (CCCPR) increases survival after OHCAs at the population level remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the impact of nationwide dissemination of bystander-initiated CCCPR on survival after OHCA.

Methods and Results—

A nationwide, prospective, population-based, observational study covering the whole population of Japan and involving consecutive OHCA patients with resuscitation attempts was conducted from January 2005 through December 2012. The main outcome measure was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcome. The incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome attributed to types of bystander CPR (CCCPR and conventional CPR with rescue breathing) was estimated. Among 816 385 people experiencing OHCAs before emergency medical services arrival, 249 970 (30.6%) received CCCPR, 100 469 (12.3%) received conventional CPR, and 465 946 (57.1%) received no CPR. The proportion of OHCA patients receiving CCCPR or any CPR (either CCCPR or conventional CPR) by bystanders increased from 17.4% to 39.3% (
P
for trend <0.001) and from 34.6% to 47.3% (
P
for trend <0.001), respectively. The incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome attributed to CCCPR per 10 million population significantly increased from 0.6 to 28.3 (
P
for trend=0.010), and that by any bystander-initiated CPR significantly increased from 9.0 to 43.6 (
P
for trend=0.003).

Conclusion—
Nationwide dissemination of CCCPR for lay-rescuers was associated with the increase in the incidence of survival with favorable neurological outcome after OHCAs in Japan.
Behavioural responses of the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787), to conspecific and synthetic sounds
Authors: de Vincenzi G. , Filiciotto F. , Maccarrone V. , Mazzola S. , Buscaino G. 
Published: June 2015

This study examined the effects of three different acoustic stimuli on the behaviour of the European spiny lobster,Palinurus elephas(Fabricius, 1787). Twenty male and 20 female lobsters were exposed to: a low-frequency linear sweep tone (0.1-20 kHz), a high-frequency linear sweep tone (20-80 kHz), conspecific sounds (rasp: train of wideband pulses), and no sound stimulation (control). After a habituation period, lobsters were audio-video recorded for 30 min. Tail flipping, sound emissions, distance moved, mobility, velocity and movement were recorded. Differences between the males and females in the rasp playback condition were observed, with the females having highest values of the behaviours under study. Moreover, when analysing the male and female combined data we found that exposure to synthetic stimuli did not produce any significant variations. Finally, it can be assumed that there is: a capacity for rasp sound perception, and a significant role for these pulses in the intraspecific communication ofP. elephas.
Why Williamson’s (2014) theory of hybridogenesis fails to explain the evolution of the Rhizocephala
Authors: Glenner H. , Lützen J. 
Published: June 2015

All available biological, ultrastructural, and molecular data support the conclusion that the cirripedian suborders, Rhizocephala and Thoracica, are closely related. Williamson’s speculations (Williamson, D. I., 2014. The origin of barnacles (Thecostraca, Cirripedia). Crustaceana,87: 755-765) that the so-called hybridogenesis can explain how Rhizocephala evolved, rest on a selective choice of other authors’ data and an ignorance of solid facts derived from decades of comparative anatomical and molecular studies.
Relationship between personality traits and pharmacist performance in a pharmacy practice research trial
Authors: Rosenthal Meagen , Sutton Jane , Austin Zubin , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Pharmacy practice research is one avenue through which new pharmacy services can be integrated into daily pharmacy practice. However, pharmacists’ participation in this research has not been well characterized. Drawing from the literature on work performance and personality traits, 4 hypotheses were developed to gain insight into pharmacists’ performance in a pharmacy practice research trial. Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional survey of pharmacists participating in a research trial. All pharmacists were asked to complete the Big Five Inventory (BFI), a validated, reliable instrument of personality traits. These results were then compared with measures of pharmacists’ performance in the trial. Results: Thirty pharmacists expressed interest in participating in the trial; 23 completed the BFI and 14 actively participated in the pharmacy practice research trial. No statistically significant differences were identified in the examination of the predetermined hypotheses. Exploratory analyses revealed significant relationships between the BFI trait of extroversion and pharmacists’ participation in the study, obtaining prescribing authority for the study and the number of patients lost to follow-up. Discussion: In addition to identifying a number of personality traits that have been shared by other samples of pharmacists, this work suggests the possibility of an interaction between pharmacists’ personality traits and their performance in a pharmacy practice research trial. Conclusion: Future research should better characterize the relationship between pharmacists’ personality traits and participation in pharmacy practice research trials to gain insight into the context of pharmacy practice and how pharmacists are integrating this research into their practices.
Health Literacy and Medication Adherence Among Patients Treated in a Free Health Clinic
Authors: Sawkin Mark T. , Deppe Sara J. , Thelen Joanie , Stoner Steven C. , Dietz Craig A. , Rasu Rafia S. 
Published: June 2015

Background: A patient’s health literacy is not routinely assessed during visits with a health care provider. Since low health literacy is a risk factor for poor health outcomes, assessing health literacy should be considered as part of the standard medical workup. Objectives: To evaluate the health literacy levels and medication adherence of patients treated by pharmacists in both the general medicine and the chronic care clinics at an urban free health clinic. Methods: Eligible patients from the free health clinic completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), a health literacy measurement tool, during their clinic visit in 2011. Medication adherence was self-reported by the patients. Results: A total of 100 patients participated (mean age = 48). The majority of participants were female (56%) and white (55%). Most (64%) of the patients scored at a high school reading level according to REALM. Only 21% of participants read at a seventh- to eighth-grade level. Overall medication adherence rate was 73%. Forgetting to take medication was the most popular reason given for nonadherence. Conclusion: Disease state and adherence were significantly related in patients with HIV/AIDS and hypertension. Patient’s ethnicity was significantly associated with literacy levels ( P < .05). Although patients’ literacy levels were not significantly associated with self-reported adherence in this population, availability of a patient’s baseline health literacy level as a part of the medical record may help clinicians to individualize their interaction based on the patient’s health literacy level in order to achieve better health outcomes, including improved medication adherence, especially for underserved populations.
A process model on P2P lending
Authors: Wang Huaiqing , Chen Kun , Zhu Wei , Song Zhenxia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Online peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) is booming as the popularity of e-finance. To develop a conceptual model for the P2P lending process is great valuable for managers to tack the issues of marketing, management and operation.

Methods
In this paper, we focus on the P2P lending process model and provide a comparative analysis comparing with traditional bank loan process.

Results
Firstly, our model shows that the information flow in P2P lending is more frequent and transparent. Secondly, the model reveals that P2P lending uses a quite different credit audition method, which relies on information and the decision model in the P2P systems. Thirdly, the loan management is not complete normally in P2P lending, because most P2P companies do not have the post-loan records of borrowers.

Conclusions
These findings inspire future studies and practices on P2P lending process and key technologies.
Neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in cocaine and gambling addictions
Authors: Verdejo-Garcia Antonio , Clark Luke , Verdejo-Román Juan , Albein-Urios Natalia , Martinez-Gonzalez José M. , Gutierrez Blanca , Soriano-Mas Carles 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIndividuals with cocaine and gambling addictions exhibit cognitive flexibility deficits that may underlie persistence of harmful behaviours.AimsWe investigated the neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility in cocaine users v. pathological gamblers, aiming to disambiguate common mechanisms v. cocaine effects.MethodEighteen cocaine users, 18 pathological gamblers and 18 controls performed a probabilistic reversal learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, and were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A polymorphism.ResultsCocaine users and pathological gamblers exhibited reduced ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) signal during reversal shifting. Cocaine users further showed increased dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) activation relative to pathological gamblers during perseveration, and decreased dorsolateral PFC activation relative to pathological gamblers and controls during shifting. Preliminary genetic findings indicated that cocaine users carrying the DRD2/ANKK Taq1A1+ genotype may derive unique stimulatory effects on shifting-related ventrolateral PFC signal.ConclusionsReduced ventrolateral PFC activation during shifting may constitute a common neural marker across gambling and cocaine addictions. Additional cocaine-related effects relate to a wider pattern of task-related dysregulation, reflected in signal abnormalities in dorsolateral and dmPFC.
Neuroendocrine Function After Hypothalamic Depletion of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Solomon Matia B. , Loftspring Matthew , de Kloet Annette D. , Ghosal Sriparna , Jankord Ryan , Flak Jonathan N. , Wulsin Aynara C. , Krause Eric G. , Zhang Rong , Rice Taylor , McKlveen Jessica , Myers Brent , Tasker Jeffrey G. , Herman James P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Glucocorticoids act rapidly at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to inhibit stress-excitatory neurons and limit excessive glucocorticoid secretion. The signaling mechanism underlying rapid feedback inhibition remains to be determined. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the canonical glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) is required for appropriate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. Local PVN GR knockdown (KD) was achieved by breeding homozygous floxed GR mice with Sim1-cre recombinase transgenic mice. This genetic approach created mice with a KD of GR primarily confined to hypothalamic cell groups, including the PVN, sparing GR expression in other HPA axis limbic regulatory regions, and the pituitary. There were no differences in circadian nadir and peak corticosterone concentrations between male PVN GR KD mice and male littermate controls. However, reduction of PVN GR increased ACTH and corticosterone responses to acute, but not chronic stress, indicating that PVN GR is critical for limiting neuroendocrine responses to acute stress in males. Loss of PVN GR induced an opposite neuroendocrine phenotype in females, characterized by increased circadian nadir corticosterone levels and suppressed ACTH responses to acute restraint stress, without a concomitant change in corticosterone responses under acute or chronic stress conditions. PVN GR deletion had no effect on depression-like behavior in either sex in the forced swim test. Overall, these findings reveal pronounced sex differences in the PVN GR dependence of acute stress feedback regulation of HPA axis function. In addition, these data further indicate that glucocorticoid control of HPA axis responses after chronic stress operates via a PVN-independent mechanism.
Synthesis of Novel Caged Phosphate Esters and Their Flame Retardant Effect on Poly(vinyl chloride) Blends
Authors: Jia Puyou , Zhang Meng , Hu Lihong , Feng Guodong , Zhou Yonghong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Novel caged phosphate esters were synthesized. Flame-retardant mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends plasticized with these synthesized caged phosphate esters was investigated with limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cone calorimeter tests. The results showed that caged phosphate esters improved the thermal stabilities of PVC blends: LOI values of PVC blends increased from 24.2% to 35.9%, peak heat release rate decreased from 379.04 to 258.79 kw m−2, and total smoke increased from 1877.9 to 3698.1 m2 m−2; hence, the flame retardancy of PVC blends was improved.
Bacteria and fungi associated with isoprene consumption in soil
Authors: Gray Christopher M. , Helmig Detlev , Fierer Noah 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Isoprene is a reactive volatile organic compound released from the biosphere that can be abundant in the planetary boundary layer, where it can have a myriad of effects on atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation. There is currently a high degree of uncertainty in forecasts of how atmospheric isoprene concentrations will shift in response to anthropogenic land-use change and climate change. One source of this uncertainty is that studies of terrestrial isoprene fluxes have almost entirely focused on plant sources of isoprene, largely ignoring the role of soils as a sink of isoprene and the corresponding microbial consumption of isoprene. We quantified isoprene consumption rates by the microbial communities found in two distinct soils under laboratory conditions and used high-throughput sequencing to identify the bacterial and fungal taxa that increased in relative abundance with changes in isoprene mixing ratios. On average, soil microbes were capable of consuming 68% (ranging 55% to 80%) of the gaseous isoprene provided to the soils (2–200 ppbv) in a flow-through experiment. Consumption rates increased with increasing levels of isoprene with rates reaching 770 pmol g-1 h-1 in one of the soils exposed to the highest mixing ratio of isoprene (200 ppbv). Increases in isoprene levels were associated with significant shifts in the composition of both soil bacterial and fungal communities. A wide range of taxa were associated with isoprene consumption including members of the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Zygomycota phyla with many of the taxa being closely related to known hydrocarbon degraders. Soils likely represent a significant sink of atmospheric isoprene and our results suggest that a wide range of bacterial and fungal taxa are capable of isoprene degradation.