bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Impact of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Patients With Advanced Cancer Receiving Combination Treatment With the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Temsirolimus and Insulin Growth Factor-Receptor Antibody Cixutumumab
Authors: Busaidy Naifa L. , LoRusso Patricia , Lawhorn Kristie , Hess Kenneth R. , Habra Mohammed Amir , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Chen Helen X. , Doyle Lawrence A. , Kurzrock Razelle , Naing Aung 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background.
Cixutumumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor [IGF-1R]) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus were combined in a phase I study of patients with advanced cancer. We investigated the prevalence of metabolic toxicities, their management, and impact on outcome.

Methods.
The temsirolimus dose was 25 mg or 37.5 mg i.v. weekly with escalating doses of cixutumumab (3, 5, or 6 mg/kg i.v. weekly). No patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia at baseline were eligible until the expansion cohort. We assessed metabolic derangements in our patient cohort, their management, and their association with tumor shrinkage, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS).

Results.
Of the 57 patients analyzed, hyperglycemia was seen in 36 (63%) (grade 1–2: 33 [58%]; grade 3–4: 3 [5%]). The median blood sugar level (fasting and nonfasting) across cohorts was 149 mg/dL (upper limit of normal: 110 mg/dL). No patient developed diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma or pancreatitis during treatment. Median maximum triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels achieved were 247 mg/dL (range: 65–702 mg/dL), 243 mg/dL (range: 103–424 mg/dL), and 153 mg/dL (range 50–375 mg/dL), respectively. Higher glucose levels were associated with more RECIST tumor shrinkage (r = −.30 [95% confidence interval: −.52, −.03; p = .03]). There was no association between metabolic toxicities of the mTOR and IGF-1R combination and TTP or OS.

Conclusion.
The combination of temsirolimus and cixutumumab was safe and resulted in manageable metabolic toxicities. More tumor shrinkage was seen in patients who developed these adverse events. Although perhaps limited by the small number of patients, no significant association was discerned between hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or hypercholesterolemia and TTP or OS.

Implications for Practice:
Results of this study show that the combination of temsirolimus and cixutumumab is safe. The most common side effects, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, are tolerable and manageable. This combination of therapies should not be withheld from diabetic patients and patients with high cholesterol levels. Collaboration between oncologist and endocrinologist allows for individualized treatment and better control of these adverse events, with few dose interruptions and reductions. Supportive care and close monitoring is needed. Those patients who develop hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia may benefit more from the drug.
Assessing Casing Wear in the Absence of a Baseline Caliper Log
Authors: Sawaryn S. J. , Pattillo P. D. , Brown C.. , Schoepf V.. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Caliper logs provide valuable information on the shape and wear of casing and tubing strings at various times throughout their operational life. In turn, this information is used to determine the remaining design strength. To clearly distinguish deformation and wear from deviations caused by manufacturing tolerance, the caliper measurements can be compared with a baseline log run soon after a tubular string has been run, or with surface-inspection data. However, a baseline log may not always be available. This paper addresses these situations and provides an assessment of the useful information that one can obtain.
A mathematical model, based on the properties of the discrete Fourier transform, is presented to determine the caliper offset center and underlying tubular ovality from six or more equi-angular-spaced caliper readings. The series-expansion approximation enables these parameters to be determined as a best fit from raw, uncentered data to a numerical accuracy of approximately 0.01% in a single pass. This is consistent with the accuracy and resolution of the currently available calipers. Complete numerical results from test cases based on exact geometric shapes, such as an offset circle and centered ellipse, plus field examples, are also included along with implementation notes. The same calculations can also be used to determine the underlying elliptic shape and orientation of an openhole caliper.
In the casing specification API 5CT (2011), internal dimensions are indirectly described in relation to the unloaded casing or tubing outer diameter and wall thickness at surface conditions. The manufacturing tolerances and resulting uncertainties may be significant compared with the wear, but in some cases one can obtain useful information with corrections for downhole tension, temperature, and pressure effects. Details of these corrections and a discussion of other sensitivities are also provided.
Such algorithms are usually considered by the service provider to be proprietary, and little quantitative material has been published on them or their interpretation. Also, data are often presented to the customer in only center-corrected form, which greatly restricts future reprocessing. This emphasizes the importance of acquiring and retaining the raw data.
Foliar Fungicide Application to Maize: Yield and Grain Hardness Enhancement in Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Testa Giulio , Reyneri Amedeo , Blandino Massimo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe dry‐milling industry is becoming an interesting distribution channel for maize (Zea mays L.) growers. Since kernels with high hardness are more suitable for the dry‐milling process, it is important to investigate new ways of improving for this qualitative parameter. The aim of the research was to evaluate when a fungicide containing a demethylation inhibitor and a quinone outside inhibitor could be effective in controlling fungal disease, increasing grain yield, and improving kernel hardness. A mixture of azoxystrobin and propiconazole was tested at two locations from 2009 to 2012, with two application timings: the beginning of stem elongation and at tassel emergence. The two fungicide timings significantly reduced the incidence of northern corn leaf blight symptoms, a foliar disease caused by Exserohilum turcicum, by, respectively, 30 and 61%. A significant increase of grain yield (between 5 and 7%) and kernel hardness was obtained in both sites by this compound application, mainly when the environmental conditions led to a gradual grain filling. The best result was obtained always for the application at the tassel emergence stage; this treatment could contribute to increased competitiveness in maize production systems, especially for the dry‐milling uses.
Combination Approach of Border Rows and Isolation Distance for Securing Coexistence of Non‐Genetically Modified and Genetically Modified Maize
Authors: Langhof Maren , Gabriel Doreen , Rühl Gerhard 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBorder rows of non‐genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) planted at the GM maize field edge are thought to reduce pollen‐mediated gene flow since they act as physical barrier and dilute outgoing GM pollen. In a 3‐yr field study, we tested the efficacy of a combination of border rows and isolation distance as a coexistence measure for small‐structured agricultural landscapes. Field trials consisted of equally sized (0.8 ha) donor and recipient maize fields that were separated by either a 6‐ or 12‐m isolation distance or a combination of isolation distance with 9‐ or 18‐m border rows. Kernel color was used as a marker to quantify gene flow. The result of a general linear mixed‐effect model showed that the combination of a 9‐ or 18‐m border with isolation distance of 6 or 12 m, respectively, significantly reduced outcrossing rates in the donor‐facing field edge of the recipient fields compared with fields separated from the donor just by distance. Outcrossing rates among the variants leveled off with field depths >7.5 m. Outcrossing rates in the total recipient fields harvest decreased with increasing isolation distance from the donor field. The data from the current and previous study suggest that this reduction in outcrossing is nearly exclusively based on isolation distance. The establishment of non‐GM maize borders at the GM maize field edge to reduce the prescribed isolation distances is not recommended.
Characterization of Heat‐ and Drought‐Stress Tolerance in High‐Yielding Spring Wheat
Authors: Mondal Suchismita , Singh Ravi P. , Huerta‐Espino Julio , Kehel Zakaria , Autrique Enrique 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTUnpredictable temperature and rainfall patterns have increased global concerns about sustaining current levels of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although many international breeding programs are focused on developing high‐temperature and drought‐stress tolerant wheat varieties, changing weather patterns has increased the need to develop widely adaptable wheat varieties. Research was conducted to identify the potential resilience of spring wheat lines to heat and drought stresses and to define phenotypic and physiological traits that are associated with stress adaptation. A trial consisting of 28 newly developed spring wheat lines and two checks was tested under optimal, heat‐, and drought‐stress conditions for 2 yr in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. Phenotypic and physiological data was recorded in all environments. While a 50% reduction in mean grain yield was observed due to heat and drought stress, two distinct groups of stress‐adapted lines were identified. In the first group, the wheat lines performed well in either heat‐ or drought‐stress environment, and in the second group there were lines that produced high yields in optimal conditions and maintained higher yields under high temperature and drought stresses, with a yield advantage of 7 to 8% above the check varieties in the trial. Of the traits studied, grain weight per tiller (GWT) had significant influence in stress adaptation. Although heat‐ and drought‐stress tolerance may involve different mechanisms, the results of this study show that it is possible to develop high‐yielding heat‐ and drought‐tolerant wheat varieties.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield under Multiple Stress and Drought Conditions in a Dry Bean Population
Authors: Trapp Jennifer J. , Urrea Carlos A. , Cregan Perry B. , Miklas Phillip N. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTerminal and intermittent drought limits dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. Tolerance to drought exists but is difficult to breed for because of inconsistent expression across environments. Our objective was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning yield in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with consistent expression across multiple drought‐stress environments. We tested 140 RILs from ‘Buster’ pinto (susceptible)/‘Roza’ pink (tolerant) for yield under multiple stresses (intermittent drought, compaction, and low fertility) across 3 yr and terminal drought across four location‐years. A genetic linkage map (953 cM) was generated using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two major‐effect QTL were detected on Pv01 and Pv02. The Pv01 QTL, defined by the closest marker SNP50809 (47.7 Mb), explained up to 37% of the phenotypic variance for seed yield under multiple stress (including intermittent drought) and was consistently expressed each year. The Pv02 QTL, nearest SNP40055 (11.8 Mb), was detected under drought stress (R2 = 33%) in addition to multiple stress (R2 = 17–23%). Phenological traits cosegregated with the yield QTL and affirmed the importance of phenological plasticity in adaptation to drought stress. Late maturity contributed to increased yield under multiple and nonstress and early maturity to increased yield under terminal drought. Given major and consistent effect, further investigation of the potential for the Pv01 and Pv02 QTL in breeding for multiple abiotic stress and drought tolerance in dry bean is warranted.
On the Theory of Hydrogen Atom Ionization by Ultra‐Short Electromagnetic Pulses
Authors: Astapenko V. A. , Lisitsa V. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn investigation of the probability of hydrogen atom ionization by ultra‐short electromagnetic pulses is carried out in the frame of perturbation theory We consider the case when the electric field strength amplitude E0 in a pulse by two orders lower than characteristic atomic field strength Ea (Ea ≅ 5.1 · 109 V/cm). A detailed investigation of the dependence of the probabilities on the pulse duration was performed for Gaussian pulse shapes. In the case where the carrier frequency of the Gaussian pulse is larger than the atomic ionization potential, the probability goes to the standard limit of perturbation per unit time. At the same pulse durations, the probabilities for carrier frequencies less than the ionization potential go to zero. The frequency dependence of the ionization probability becomes equal to the standard threshold dependence with increasing pulse duration time. A comparison between the ionization effects caused by wavelet pulses without carrier frequency and Gaussian pulses with carrier frequency shows that the same ionization probability values are achieved when the pulse carrier frequency is detuned by about 20% from the ionization threshold. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A review of the public-funded primary health care facilities for children in the pluralistic health care settings of Barbados, a Caribbean island
Authors: Nielsen Anders L. , Kumar Alok 
Published: June 2015

AimThe major objectives of this study were to evaluate the existing pediatrics health care service provisions and utilizations of the public polyclinics in Barbados. Furthermore, the aim was to assess if the existing manpower resources were adequate.BackgroundBarbados has a mixed health care system consisting of both a socialized and a private health care system. The Ministry of Health commissioned a needs assessment survey of the pediatrics primary health care at the public polyclinics.MethodsPrimary data were collected through interviews with the public primary health care providers. Secondary data were collected from the Barbados Census Data and Ministry of Health statistics. Data were analyzed to assess the pediatrics primary health care service utilization and adequacy of existing resources at the polyclinics.FindingsIn 2012, there were 62 934 visits from children &lt;16 years of age to the public polyclinics in Barbados and this accounted for 39.1% of all visits (both adults and children) to the polyclinics. An overall 16.7% of the visits were from children less than five years old to the Well Child Clinic for immunization and for growth and development monitoring; 32% of all physician consultations at the polyclinics were for children &lt;16 years. Utilization of health services by children at the polyclinics was 5245 visits/month. Given an expected monthly demand for 10 822 visits from children, the polyclinics serve 48.5% of the primary health care demand for children in Barbados.ConclusionsThe public polyclinics play a pivotal role in the pluralistic primary health care system in Barbados. They fulfill nearly half of all the primary care demand and more importantly provides for almost the entire immunization demand, and thereby ensuring high coverage.The existing resources, if used optimally, would reduce the long consultation time observed in this setting, and thereby increase the capacity considerably.
Early Triassic wrinkle structures on land: stressed environments and oases for life
Authors: Chu Daoliang , Tong Jinnan , Song Haijun , Benton Michael J. , Bottjer David J. , Song Huyue , Tian Li 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWrinkle structures in rocks younger than the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) extinction have been reported repeatedly in marine strata, but rarely mentioned in rocks recording land. Here, three newly studied terrestrial P-Tr boundary rock succession in North China have yielded diverse wrinkle structures. All of these wrinkles are preserved in barely bioturbated shore-shallow lacustrine siliciclastic deposits of the Liujiagou Formation. Conversely, both the lacustrine siliciclastic deposits of the underlying Sunjiagou Formation and the overlying Heshanggou Formation show rich bioturbation, but no wrinkle structures or other microbial-related structures. The occurrence of terrestrial wrinkle structures in the studied sections reflects abnormal hydrochemical and physical environments, presumably associated with the extinction of terrestrial organisms. Only very rare trace fossils occurred in the aftermath of the P-Tr extinction, but most of them were preserved together with the microbial mats. This suggests that microbial mats acted as potential oases for the surviving aquatic animals, as a source of food and oxygen. The new finds suggests that extreme environmental stresses were prevalent both in the sea and on land through most of the Early Triassic.
Intracellular oligomeric amyloid-beta rapidly regulates GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptor in the hippocampus
Authors: Whitcomb Daniel J. , Hogg Ellen L. , Regan Philip , Piers Thomas , Narayan Priyanka , Whitehead Garry , Winters Bryony L. , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim Eunjoon , St George-Hyslop Peter , Klenerman David , Collingridge Graham L. , Jo Jihoon , Cho Kwangwook 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe acute neurotoxicity of oligomeric forms of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how these oligomers might first impair neuronal function at the onset of pathology is poorly understood. Here we have examined the underlying toxic effects caused by an increase in levels of intracellular Aβ, an event that could be important during the early stages of the disease. We show that oligomerised Aβ induces a rapid enhancement of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission (EPSCA) when applied intracellularly. This effect is dependent on postsynaptic Ca2+ and PKA. Knockdown of GluA1, but not GluA2, prevents the effect, as does expression of a S845-phosphomutant of GluA1. Significantly, an inhibitor of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), IEM 1460, reverses the increase in the amplitude of EPSCA. These results suggest that a primary neuronal response to intracellular Aβ oligomers is the rapid synaptic insertion of CP-AMPARs.
Stacked optical antennas for plasmon propagation in a 5 nm-confined cavity
Authors: Saeed A. , Panaro S. , Zaccaria R. Proietti , Raja W. , Liberale C. , Dipalo M. , Messina G. C. , Wang H. , De Angelis F. , Toma A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe sub-wavelength concentration and propagation of electromagnetic energy are two complementary aspects of plasmonics that are not necessarily co-present in a single nanosystem. Here we exploit the strong nanofocusing properties of stacked optical antennas in order to highly concentrate the electromagnetic energy into a 5 nm metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cavity and convert free radiation into guided modes. The proposed nano-architecture combines the concentration properties of optical nanoantennas with the propagation capability of MIM systems, paving the way to highly miniaturized on-chip plasmonic waveguiding.
Disease reclassification risk with stringent criteria and frequent monitoring in men with favourable‐risk prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance
Authors: Davis John W. , Ward John F. , Pettaway Curtis A. , Wang Xuemei , Kuban Deborah , Frank Steven J. , Lee Andrew K. , Pisters Louis L. , Matin Surena F. , Shah Jay B. , Karam Jose A. , Chapin Brian F. , Papadopoulos John N. , Achim Mary , Hoffman Karen E. , Pugh Thomas J. , Choi Seungtaek , Troncoso Patricia , Logothetis Christopher J. , Kim Jeri 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of disease reclassification and to identify clinicopathological variables associated with it in patients with favourable‐risk prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance (AS).Patients and MethodsWe assessed 191 men, selected by what may be the most stringent criteria used in AS studies yet conducted, who were enrolled in a prospective cohort AS trial. Clinicopathological characteristics were analysed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Key features were an extended biopsy with a single core positive for Gleason score (GS) 3 + 3 (<3 mm) or 3 + 4 (<2 mm) and a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level <4 ng/mL (adjusted for prostate volume). Biopsies were repeated every 1–2 years and clinical evaluations every 6 months. Disease was reclassified when PSA level increased by 30% from baseline, or when biopsy tumour length increased beyond the enrolment criteria, more than one positive core was detected or any grade increased to a dominant 4 pattern or any 5 pattern.ResultsDisease was reclassified in 32 patients (16.8%) including upgrading to GS 4 + 3 in five patients (2.6%). The median (interquartile range) follow‐up time among survivors was 3 (1.9–4.6) years. Overall, 13 of the 32 (40.6%) had incremental increases in GS. Tumour length (hazard ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–6.46; P = 0.007) and older age (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.09; P = 0.05) were identified as significant and marginally significant predictors of disease reclassification, respectively. Disease remained stable in 83.2% of patients.ConclusionThe need persists for improvements in risk stratification and predictive indicators of cancer progression.
Validation of the SAMe-TT2R2 score in a nationwide population of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients on vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Bertomeu Vicente , Cequier Ángel , Marín Francisco , Anguita Manuel , Ruiz-Ortiz Martín 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe SAMe-TT2R2 score has been proposed to identify patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who maintain a high average time in therapeutic range (TTR) on vitamin K antagonists treatment (VKA). This score has been validated in several studies, either monocentric or including very selected populations in a specialised setting. Our objective was to validate this score in a nationwide cohort of AF patients. From November 2013 to March 2014 we included in this study the first 10 patients with AF on VKA consecutively seen in 120 outpatient cardiology clinics in Spain. The SAMe-TT2R2 score was calculated for each patient and TTR in the preceding six months was estimated by Rosendaal method. A total of 1,056 patients were recruited (mean age 73.6 ± 9.8 years, 42 % female). Mean value of TTR was 63.8 ± 25.9 % (median 66.8 %, interquartile range 45.6 %-85.4 %). We found a progressive decline in mean TTR from a score of 0 (67.5 % ± 24.6 %) to4 (52.7 ± 28.7 %, p< 0.01). The score was able to discriminate which patients had a good anticoagulation control (TTR65 %) with a C-statistic of 0.57 (95 %CI 0.53–0.60, p< 0.0005). A SAMe-TT2R2 score of 0–1 was associated with a good anticoagulation control with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 64 %, 48 %, 58 % and 54 %, respectively; and the odds ratio of having a TTR< 65 % if the score was2 was 1.64 (95 % confidence interval 1.33–1.95, p< 0.001). In conclusion, in this nationwide population with AF on VKA, the SAMe-TT2R2 score had a significant, although moderate, ability to identify patients with a good anticoagulation control.