bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa by endoscopic features: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Yagi Nobuaki , Kamada Tomoari , Shimbo Takuro , Watanabe Hidenobu , Ida Kazunori ,   the Study Group for Establishing Endoscopic Diagnosis of Chronic Gastritis
Published: January 2013

BackgroundEndoscopic features corresponding to pathological findings in the Sydney System have not been identified, and endoscopic diagnosis of chronic gastritis has not yet been established. To establish the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in gastric mucosa by endoscopic features, a prospective multicenter study was carried out.Patients and MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐seven registered patients from 24 facilities between March 2008 and February 2009 were enrolled. Association between endoscopic findings (conventional findings and indigocarmine contrast (IC) method findings) and diagnosis of H. pylori infection made by microscopic observation of biopsy specimens was investigated in the corpus and antrum and their diagnostic accuracies were investigated.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐five patients were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for H. pylori infection of conventional endoscopy was 0.811 in thecorpus and 0.707 in the antrum (P = 0.006). Evaluation of diffuse redness, spotty redness and mucosal swelling by conventional endoscopy and swelling of areae gastricae by the indigocarmine contrast (IC) method were useful for diagnosing H. pylori infection. Regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) in the angle, fundic gland polyposis, hemorrhagic erosion and bleeding spot in the corpus and red streaks, and erosions (flat, raised, hemorrhagic and bleeding spot) in the antrum may be used as diagnostic features suggesting negative H. pylori infection.ConclusionIt is suggested that endoscopic diagnosis of H. pylori infection in gastric mucosa by conventional endoscopy and the IC method is mostly possible.
Clinical features of childhood‐onset paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with PRRT2 gene mutations
Authors: Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Gardiner Alice R , Meyer Esther , King Mary D , Smith Martin , Rakshi Karl , Parker Alasdair , Mallick Andrew A , Brown Richard , Vassallo Grace , Jardine Philip E , Guerreiro Marilisa M , Lees Andrew J , Houlden Henry , Kurian Manju A 
Published: January 2013

AimTo define better the phenotype and genotype of familial and sporadic cases of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) caused by mutations in the PRRT2 gene presenting in the paediatric age group.MethodWe report the detailed clinical and molecular genetic features of 11 patients (six females, five males) with childhood‐onset PRRT2‐mutation‐positive PKD.ResultsMean age at disease onset was 8 years 7.5 months (range 5–11y), and clinical presentation was characterized by daily short paroxysmal episodes of dystonia/dyskinesia. Most patients also had non‐kinesigenic attacks in addition to the classical movement‐induced paroxysmal episodes. One family demonstrated great phenotypic variability with PKD, infantile convulsions, and/or hemiplegic migraine affecting different family members with the same mutation. All patients in whom antiepileptics (carbamazepine/phenytoin) were tried showed a dramatic improvement with complete abolition of dyskinetic episodes.InterpretationOur case series provides a detailed clinical description of patients with PRRT2‐PKD, and reports a spectrum of disease‐causing mutations, thereby expanding both the clinical phenotype and mutation spectrum of disease.
Prevalence and risk factors for neurological disorders in children aged 6 months to 2 years in northern India
Authors: Kumar Rashmi , Bhave Anupama , Bhargava Roli , Agarwal Girdhar G 
Published: January 2013

AimTo study prevalence and risk factors for neurological disorders – epilepsy, global developmental delay, and motor, vision, and hearing defects – in children aged 6 months to 2 years in northern India.MethodA two‐stage community survey for neurological disorders was conducted in rural and urban areas of Lucknow. After initial screening with a new instrument, the Lucknow Neurodevelopment Screen, screen positives and a random proportion of screen negatives were validated using predefined criteria. Prevalence was calculated by weighted estimates. Demographic, socio‐economic, and medical risk factors were compared between validated children who were positive and negative for neurological disorders by univariate and logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 4801 children screened (mean age [SD] 15.32mo [5.96]; 2542 males, 2259 females), 196 were positive; 190 screen positives and 269 screen negatives were validated. Prevalence of neurological disorders was 27.92 per 1000 (weighted 95% confidence interval 12.24–43.60). Significant risk factors (p≤0.01) for neurological disorders were higher age in months (p=0.010), lower mean number of appliances in the household (p=0.001), consanguineous marriage of parents (p=0.010), family history of neurological disorder (p=0.001), and infants born exceptionally small (parental description; p=0.009). On logistic regression, the final model included age (p=0.0193), number of appliances (p=0.0161), delayed cry at birth (p=0.0270), postneonatal meningoencephalitis (p=0.0549), and consanguinity (p=0.0801).InterpretationPerinatal factors, lower socio‐economic status, and consanguinity emerged as predictors of neurological disorders. These factors are largely modifiable.
Is Gender Responsible for Everything? The Relationship between Sex and Right Ventricular Remodeling in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tadic Marijana V. , Ivanovic Branislava A. , Petrovic Milan 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on right ventricular (RV) remodeling in different genders.MethodsThe study included 341 subjects (216 subjects with MS and 125 controls). MS was defined by the presence of ≥3 ATP‐NCEP‐III criteria. All subjects underwent complete two‐dimensional echocardiography.ResultsRV structure, diastolic, and global function were significantly impaired in MS subjects, in both genders. The multiple regression analysis of MS parameters showed that systolic blood pressure (BP) and waist circumference were independently associated with RV wall thickness in women, whereas the only independent predictor in men was systolic BP. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased BP, impaired fasting glucose, and dyslipidemia were a combination of MS risk factors related with RV hypertrophy solely in women. Increased systolic BP, impaired fasting glucose, and abdominal obesity were independently associated with tricuspid E/e′ in women, whereas increased systolic BP was the only independent predictor in men. Impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia were a combination of MS criteria, which was independently associated with RV diastolic dysfunction only in women.ConclusionsDifferent parameters of MS are responsible for RV remodeling in women and men. The metabolic parameters of MS are more important for RV remodeling in women.
Analysis of the ‘Educational Climate’ in Spanish Public Schools of Dentistry using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: a multicenter study
Authors: Tomás I. , Millán U. , Casares M. A. , Abad M. , Ceballos L. , Gómez‐Moreno G. , Hidalgo J. J. , Llena C. , López‐Jornet P. , Machuca M. C. , Monticelli F. , Palés J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo analyse the ‘Educational Climate’ (EC) of dental students in Spain.MethodsThe study group consisted of 1391 students from nine Spanish Public Schools of Dentistry, who responded to the questionnaire based on ‘Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure’ (DREEM). This questionnaire has 50 items that are grouped into five domains: Learning, Teachers, Academic, Atmosphere and Social.ResultsThe global score on the EC was 123.1 (interpretation: ‘EC more positive than negative’). The scores obtained in the different domains were: 28.0 in Learning (interpretation: ‘a generally positive perception of learning’), 26.8 in Teachers (interpretation: ‘teachers are going in the right direction’), 20.8 in Academic (interpretation: ‘feeling more on the positive side’), 29.7 in Atmosphere (interpretation: ‘a generally positive atmosphere’) and 17.7 in Social (interpretation: ‘social perception acceptable’). In seven items (14%), an average of <2 was detected, showing that there are some educational problem areas. Regarding the EC in the different Schools of Dentistry, an average of >100 was achieved in all of them, although there were two centres that showed significantly higher values of EC.ConclusionsSpanish dental students felt that their EC was more positive than negative and considered that the different domains were positive and acceptable. However, they pointed out the existence of several educational problem areas associated with the development of a traditional curriculum. Accordingly, and in parallel with the implementation of an innovative curriculum in all Spanish Dental Schools in the coming years, immediate educational goals must address the problem areas identified, thereby further promoting a more positive perception of EC.
Estrogen‐related receptor β deletion modulates whole‐body energy balance via estrogen‐related receptor γ and attenuates neuropeptide Y gene expression
Authors: Byerly Mardi S. , Al Salayta Muhannad , Swanson Roy D. , Kwon Kiwook , Peterson Jonathan M. , Wei Zhikui , Aja Susan , Moran Timothy H. , Blackshaw Seth , Wong G. William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEstrogen‐related receptors (ERRs) α, β and γ are orphan nuclear hormone receptors with no known ligands. Little is known concerning the role of ERRβ in energy homeostasis, as complete ERRβ‐null mice die mid‐gestation. We generated two viable conditional ERRβ‐null mouse models to address its metabolic function. Whole‐body deletion of ERRβ in Sox2‐Cre:ERRβlox/lox mice resulted in major alterations in body composition, metabolic rate, meal patterns and voluntary physical activity levels. Nestin‐Cre:ERRβlox/lox mice exhibited decreased expression of ERRβ in hindbrain neurons, the predominant site of expression, decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression in the hindbrain, increased lean body mass, insulin sensitivity, increased energy expenditure, decreased satiety and decreased time between meals. In the absence of ERRβ, increased ERRγ signaling decreased satiety and the duration of time between meals, similar to meal patterns observed for both the Sox2‐Cre:ERRβlox/lox and Nestin‐Cre:ERRβlox/lox strains of mice. Central and/or peripheral ERRγ signaling may modulate these phenotypes by decreasing NPY gene expression. Overall, the relative expression ratio between ERRβ and ERRγ may be important in modulating ingestive behavior, specifically satiety, gene expression, as well as whole‐body energy balance.
Vitiligo: interplay between oxidative stress and immune system
Authors: Laddha Naresh C. , Dwivedi Mitesh , Mansuri Mohmmad S. , Gani Amina R. , Ansarullah Md , Ramachandran A. V. , Dalai Sarat , Begum Rasheedunnisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non‐genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo pathogenesis has remained elusive. Theories regarding loss of melanocytes are based on autoimmune, cytotoxic, oxidant–antioxidant and neural mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess have been documented in active vitiligo skin. Numerous proteins in addition to tyrosinase are affected. It is possible that oxidative stress is one among the main principal causes of vitiligo. However, there also exists ample evidence for altered immunological processes in vitiligo, particularly in chronic and progressive conditions. Both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system appear to be involved as a primary event or as a secondary promotive consequence. There is speculation on the interplay, if any, between ROS and the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The article focuses on the scientific evidences linking oxidative stress and immune system to vitiligo pathogenesis giving credence to a convergent terminal pathway of oxidative stress–autoimmunity‐mediated melanocyte loss.
Small‐scale fisheries through the wellbeing lens
Authors: Weeratunge Nireka , Béné Christophe , Siriwardane Rapti , Charles Anthony , Johnson Derek , Allison Edward H , Nayak Prateep K , Badjeck Marie‐Caroline 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite longstanding recognition that small‐scale fisheries make multiple contributions to economies, societies and cultures, assessing these contributions and incorporating them into policy and decision‐making has suffered from a lack of a comprehensive integrating ‘lens’. This paper focuses on the concept of ‘wellbeing’ as a means to accomplish this integration, thereby unravelling and better assessing complex social and economic issues within the context of fisheries governance. We emphasize the relevance of the three key components of wellbeing – the material, relational and subjective dimensions, each of which is relevant to wellbeing at scales ranging from individual, household, community, fishery to human‐ecological systems as a whole. We review nine major approaches influential in shaping current thinking and practice on wellbeing: the economics of happiness, poverty, capabilities, gender, human rights, sustainable livelihoods, vulnerability, social capital, and social wellbeing. The concept of identity is a thread that runs through the relational and subjective components of social wellbeing, as well as several other approaches and thus emerges as a critical element of small‐scale fisheries that requires explicit recognition in governance analysis. A social wellbeing lens is applied to critically review a global body of literature discussing the social, economic and political dimensions of small‐scale fishing communities, seeking to understand the relevance and value addition of applying wellbeing concepts in small‐scale fisheries.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and diastolic heart functions in hemodialysis patients: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Turk Suleyman , Baki Aysegul , Solak Yalcin , Kayrak Mehmet , Atalay Huseyin , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Aribas Alpay , Akilli Hakan , Biyik Zeynep , Okudan Nilsel , Gokbel Hakki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has been shown to improve diastolic heart function in various patient cohorts. Systolic and diastolic dysfunctions are common in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Favorable effects of CoQ10 on cardiac functions are yet to be seen in hemodialysis patients. We aimed to evaluate effect of CoQ10 supplementation on diastolic function in a cohort of maintenance hemodialysis patients. This was a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in which all patients received placebo and oral CoQ10 200 mg/d during the 8 weeks in each phase, with a 4‐week washout period. Participants underwent conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography before and after each study phase. Parameters characterizing left ventricle diastolic function and other standard echocardiographic measurements were recorded. Twenty‐eight patients were randomized, but 22 patients completed study protocol. Intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness and left ventricle mass were significantly decreased in CoQ10 group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). Myocardial peak systolic and early diastolic velocities derived from IVS were significantly increased (P = 0.048 and P = 0.04, respectively). Isovolumetric relaxation time and E/Em ratio calculated for IVS also significantly reduced in CoQ10 group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was no significant difference in any of the studied echocardiographic parameters in placebo group. The results of this study showed that CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly improved diastolic heart functions compared with placebo in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
The biology of hair diversity
Authors: Westgate Gillian E , Botchkareva Natalia V , Tobin Desmond J 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisHair diversity, its style, colour, shape and growth pattern is one of our most defining characteristics. The natural versus temporary style is influenced by what happens to our hair during our lifetime, such as genetic hair loss, sudden hair shedding, greying and pathological hair loss in the various forms of alopecia because of genetics, illness or medication. Despite the size and global value of the hair care market, our knowledge of what controls the innate and within‐lifetime characteristics of hair diversity remains poorly understood. In the last decade, drivers of knowledge have moved into the arena of genetics where hair traits are obvious and measurable and genetic polymorphisms are being found that raise valuable questions about the biology of hair growth. The recent discovery that the gene for trichohyalin contributes to hair shape comes as no surprise to the hair biologists who have believed for 100 years that hair shape is linked to the structure and function of the inner root sheath. Further conundrums awaiting elucidation include the polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) described in male pattern alopecia whose location on the X chromosome places this genetic contributor into the female line. The genetics of female hair loss is less clear with polymorphisms in the AR not associated with female pattern hair loss. Lifestyle choices are also implicated in hair diversity. Greying, which also has a strong genetic component, is often suggested to have a lifestyle (stress) influence and hair follicle melanocytes show declining antioxidant protection with age and lowered resistance to stress. It is likely that hair research will undergo a renaissance on the back of the rising information from genetic studies as well as the latest contributions from the field of epigenetics.
Ability of preoperative 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging to predict the absence of side‐specific extracapsular extension of prostate cancer
Authors: Hara Tomohiko , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Tohru , Komiyama Motokiyo , Kawahara Takashi , Manabe Tomoko , Miyake Mototaka , Arai Eri , Kanai Yae , Fujimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveRecent studies have shown an improvement in prostate cancer diagnosis with the use of 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. We retrospectively assessed the ability of this imaging technique to predict side‐specific extracapsular extension of prostate cancer.MethodsFrom October 2007 to August 2011, prostatectomy was carried out in 396 patients after preoperative 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Among these, 132 (primary sample) and 134 patients (validation sample) underwent 12‐core prostate biopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital of Tokyo, Japan, and at other institutions, respectively. In the primary dataset, univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to predict side‐specific extracapsular extension using variables determined preoperatively, including 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging findings (T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted imaging). A prediction model was then constructed and applied to the validation study sample.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified four significant independent predictors (P < 0.05), including a biopsy Gleason score of ≥8, positive 3.0‐Tesla diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings, ≥2 positive biopsy cores on each side and a maximum percentage of positive cores ≥31% on each side. The negative predictive value was 93.9% in the combination model with these four predictors, meanwhile the positive predictive value was 33.8%. Good reproducibility of these four significant predictors and the combination model was observed in the validation study sample.ConclusionsThe side‐specific extracapsular extension prediction by the biopsy Gleason score and factors associated with tumor location, including a positive 3.0‐Tesla diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging finding, have a high negative predictive value, but a low positive predictive value.
How to Deal with Resource Productivity
Authors: Gan Yu , Zhang Tianzhu , Liang Sai , Zhao Zhongnan , Li Nan 
Published: January 2013

SummaryResource productivity enhancement stands at the center of tackling issues on environmental pollution and resource scarcity. Identifying influential socioeconomic factors should be the first step in establishing and improving resource management policy. This study compares and analyzes data from multiple countries to construct a resource productivity simulation model. The socioeconomic factors and their characteristic patterns are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the major factors influencing resource productivity include income level, population density, economic structure, energy structure, and raw material trade. Among these factors, the three most important are income level, population density, and economic structure. The influencing patterns can be summarized as follows: (1) Resource productivity increases with increasing income levels. (2) Countries with high population density are inclined to demonstrate high resource productivity. (3) The economic structure shows a biphase influence on resource productivity, that is, during industrialization, decreased agricultural activity and increased industrial activity lead to higher resource productivity. On the other hand, after industrialization, decreasing industrial activity and an expanding service sector become the major impetus of resource productivity enhancement. (4) Raw material export demonstrates a negative effect on resource productivity. Countries that depend heavily on raw material export show a unique resource productivity evolution pattern. For these countries, relatively high resource productivity in low income phases and relatively low resource productivity in high income phases show only small increases in resource efficiency and economic growth. Finally, insights from the study are transformed into suggestions for sustainable resource management and resource productivity enhancement.
“That's the one I wanted”: when do competitors copy their opponents' choices?
Authors: Zitek Emily M. , Monin Benoît 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the interactive effect of competitiveness and choice structure on symbolic (noninstrumental) choices in competitive situations. When individuals in competitive situations learn the stated preference of their opponent, their own choice depends on their competitiveness and on whether they are in an inclusive‐choice situation (in which both competitors can end up with the same option) or an exclusive‐choice situation (in which they cannot). We obtained this predicted interaction in an imagined video game challenge (Studies 1 and 3), cooking contest (Study 2), and March Madness bracket competition (Study 4). Highly competitive people copied their opponent's choices in exclusive‐choice situations, and seemed to do this because they wanted to frustrate their opponent (Studies 3 and 4).
Recent developments in the experimental investigation of the illusion of control. A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Stefan Simona , David Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present study analyzes recent developments in the experimental investigation of the illusion of control by using the methods of meta‐analysis. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect sizes associated with different factors thought to induce the illusion of control considering different conceptualizations of the phenomenon. The overall weighted mean effect size (D) was.62, with the 95% confidence interval about the mean.49 to.75. Generally, experiments tend to obtain moderate to large effect sizes, and the illusion of control is constantly present as an effect of several situational and psychological factors. Nevertheless, the large heterogeneity of the studies in terms of dependent measures suggests that the underlying phenomena can be of a different nature.