bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modeling Study of a Low-Level Jet along the Yun-Gui Plateau in South China
Authors: He Ming-Yang , Liu Hong-Bo , Wang Bin , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, the three-dimensional structures and diurnal evolution of a typical low-level jet (LLJ) with a maximum speed of 24 m s−1 occurring in the 850–800-hPa layer are examined using both large-scale analysis and a high-resolution model simulation. The LLJ occurred on the eastern foothills of the Yun-Gui Plateau in south China from 1400 LST 29 June to 1400 LST 30 June 2003. The effects of surface radiative heating, topography, and latent heat release on the development of the LLJ case are also studied. Results show that a western Pacific Ocean subtropical high and a low pressure system on the respective southeast and northwest sides of the LLJ provide a favorable large-scale mean pressure pattern for the LLJ development. The LLJ reaches its peak intensity at 850 hPa near 0200 LST with wind directions veering from southerly before sunset to southwesterly at midnight. A hodograph at the LLJ core shows a complete diurnal cycle of the horizontal wind with a radius of 5.5 m s−1. It is found that in an LLJ coordinates system the along-LLJ geostrophic component regulates the distribution and 65% of the intensity of LLJ, whereas the ageostrophic component contributes to the clockwise rotation, thus leading to the formation and weakening of the LLJ during night- and daytime, respectively. Numerical sensitivity experiments confirm the surface radiative heating as the key factor in determining the formation of the nocturnal LLJ. The existence of the Yun-Gui Plateau, and the downstream condensational heating along the mei-yu front play secondary roles in the LLJ formation.
The Dynamics of Australian Monsoon Bursts
Authors: Berry Gareth J. , Reeder Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The wet season of the Australian monsoon is characterized by subseasonal periods of excessively wet or dry conditions, commonly known as monsoon bursts and breaks. This study is concerned with the synoptic evolution prior to monsoon bursts, which are defined here by abrupt transitions of the area-averaged rainfall over the tropical parts of the Australian continent.
There is large variability in the number of monsoon bursts from year to year and in the time interval between consecutive monsoon bursts. Reanalysis data are used to construct a lag composite of the sequence of events prior to a monsoon burst. It is determined that a burst in the Australian monsoon is preceded by the development of a well-defined extratropical wave packet in the Indian Ocean, which propagates toward the Australian continent in the few days leading up to the onset of heavy rainfall in the tropics. As in previous studies on the monsoon onset, the extratropical disturbances propagate equatorward over the Australian continent. These extratropical systems are accompanied by lower-tropospheric airmass boundaries, which also propagate into low latitudes. Ahead of these boundaries, relatively warm moist air is advected from the surrounding oceans, locally increasing the convective available potential energy.
Commonly employed climate indices show that monsoon bursts are more likely to occur when the active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation is in the vicinity of Australia. Neither El Niño–Southern Oscillation nor the southern annular mode has a significant impact on the occurrence of monsoon bursts.
The Benguela Upwelling System: Quantifying the Sensitivity to Resolution and Coastal Wind Representation in a Global Climate Model*
Authors: Small R. Justin , Curchitser Enrique , Hedstrom Katherine , Kauffman Brian , Large William G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Of all the major coastal upwelling systems in the world’s oceans, the Benguela, located off southwest Africa, is the one that climate models find hardest to simulate well. This paper investigates the sensitivity of upwelling processes, and of sea surface temperature (SST), in this region to resolution of the climate model and to the offshore wind structure. The Community Climate System Model (version 4) is used here, together with the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The main result is that a realistic wind stress curl at the eastern boundary, and a high-resolution ocean model, are required to well simulate the Benguela upwelling system. When the wind stress curl is too broad (as with a 1° atmosphere model or coarser), a Sverdrup balance prevails at the eastern boundary, implying southward ocean transport extending as far as 30°S and warm advection. Higher atmosphere resolution, up to 0.5°, does bring the atmospheric jet closer to the coast, but there can be too strong a wind stress curl. The most realistic representation of the upwelling system is found by adjusting the 0.5° atmosphere model wind structure near the coast toward observations, while using an eddy-resolving ocean model. A similar adjustment applied to a 1° ocean model did not show such improvement. Finally, the remote equatorial Atlantic response to restoring SST in a broad region offshore of Benguela is substantial; however, there is not a large response to correcting SST in the narrow coastal upwelling zone alone.
Decadal Changes in Multiscale Water Vapor Transport and Atmospheric River Associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation
Authors: Liu Xu , Ren Xuejuan , Yang Xiu-Qun 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the features of atmospheric circulation and moisture transport associated with two modes of decadal variability in the North Pacific: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), with emphasis on the multiscale water vapor transport and atmospheric river (AR) over the North Pacific region. During the positive phase of PDO, the geopotential height anomaly at 500-hPa exhibits a Pacific–North American-like pattern. During the positive phase of NPGO, the geopotential height anomaly at 500 hPa features a dipole pattern with a negative anomaly north of 40°N and a positive anomaly south of 40°N over the North Pacific. Associated with the positive PDO phase, the ocean-to-land moisture transport is enhanced between 25° and 35°N and reduced over the northeastern Pacific (25°–62°N, 180°–110°W) for the time-mean integrated vapor transport (IVT). The synoptic poleward transport is suppressed north of 40°N and enhanced south of 40°N. In the positive NPGO phase, the zonal moisture transport is intensified south of 20°N and between 40° and 50°N for the time-mean IVT and weakened over the west coast of North America for the low-frequency (10–100 days) IVT. The synoptic poleward transport is suppressed south of 30°N. The eastern part of the North Pacific AR belt moves southward during positive PDO as the entire North Pacific AR belt shifts slightly northward during positive NPGO. An investigation of AR anomalies during a period over which the PDO and NPGO coexist demonstrates that the AR frequency over the North American western coastal regions is significantly influenced by the conjunction of the PDO and NPGO modes.
Whole Foods: The FSMA and the Challenges of Defragmenting Food Safety Regulation
Authors: Tai Stephanie 
Published: September 2015

With respect to addressing food safety—and food system issues in a more general sense—coordination in regulatory approaches can be critical. As a recent Washington Post article stated,
Diet-related chronic disease, food safety, marketing to children, labor conditions, wages for farm and food-chain workers, immigration, water and air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and support for farmers: These issues are all connected to the food system. Yet they are overseen by eight federal agencies. Amid this incoherence, special interests thrive and the public good suffers.
Abnormal Sleep Duration Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Accidental Injury
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveDevelop normative data for adult sleep duration and determine if nonstandard sleep time relates to the likelihood of accidental injury.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingNational health information database.MethodsThe National Health Interview Survey, 2004‐2013, was examined for adult sleep time and accidental injury within the past 3 months. The mean hours slept per night was determined. The relationship between sleep time and incidence of accidental injury was determined for any injury, injury while driving, and injury while working, adjusting for demographic variables.ResultsAmong 221.4 million adults (raw sample, N = 282,692), the mean sleep time was 7.17 hours (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.16‐7.18 hours). Men and women slept very similar times (7.14 vs 7.17 hours, respectively), and sleep time decreased until the fifth decade (minimum, 6.99 hours), increasing each decade thereafter; 2.81% of adults reported being accidentally injured in the preceding 3 months. Too little sleep and excessive sleep times were both associated with higher rates of accidental injury (odds ratio per hour of deviation from mean, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.19]), adjusting for age, sex, marital status, and education level. Similar increased odds ratios were noted for injury while driving (1.11 [95% CI, 1.01‐1.22]) and injury while at work (1.12 [95% CI, 1.04‐1.20]) with sleep time deviation.ConclusionMost adults sleep between 7 and 8 hours nightly. Adults with sleep time outside this range, with either less or more sleep, have increased rates of accidental injury. These data highlight the need for sufficient quantity and quality of sleep in preventing accidental injury.
The Effects of Preoperative Embolization on Carotid Body Paraganglioma Surgery
Authors: Jackson Ryan S. , Myhill Jeffrey A. , Padhya Tapan A. , McCaffrey Judith C. , McCaffrey Thomas V. , Mhaskar Rahul S. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThere is no definitive consensus on the impact of preoperative embolization on carotid body paraganglioma management. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of preoperative embolization on carotid body paraganglioma excision.Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted without limits, and it included studies published on or before July 2013 from PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library. Relevant synonyms for the search terms “paraganglioma,”“carotid body tumor,” and “embolization” were applied.Review MethodsStudies evaluating patients undergoing surgical intervention with embolization for carotid body tumors were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the titles and abstracts for inclusion and extracted the data. The guidelines set forth by the Cochrane Collaboration were followed in the process of data extraction. Data were pooled with a fixed effects model, and standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) are reported.ResultsA total of 22 studies (15 nonrandomized studies with a comparator, 7 single‐arm studies) were included, enrolling 578 patients with 607 tumors. Patients undergoing preoperative embolization had significantly less estimated blood loss compared with those of surgical excision only (12 studies; 295 tumors; SMD: –0.52; 95% CI: –0.77, –0.28). Patients undergoing preoperative embolization had less operative time compared with that of surgical excision only (6 studies; 174 tumors; SMD: –0.46; 95% CI: –0.77, –0.14).ConclusionSurgical excision with preoperative embolization appears to decrease estimated blood loss and operative time when compared with that without preoperative embolization for carotid body paragangliomas.
Common fixed point theorems for generalized cyclic contraction pairs in b-metric spaces with applications
Authors: Yamaod Oratai , Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized cyclic contraction pairs in b-metric spaces and establish some fixed point theorems for such pairs. Also, we give some examples to illustrate the main results which properly generalizes some results given by some authors in literature. Further, by using the main results, we prove some common fixed point results for generalized contraction pairs in partially ordered b-metric spaces. Our results generalize and improve the result of Shatanawi and Postolache (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:60, 2013) and several well-known results given by some authors in metric and b-metric spaces.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management in Kathmandu district: a cross sectional descriptive study
Authors: Shrestha M. , Maharjan R. , Prajapati A. , Ghimire S. , Shrestha N. , Banstola A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background
Pharmacists are the most reachable healthcare professionals to many chronically ill patients. It has been found that pharmacists see patients with diabetes up to five times more often than any other healthcare provider. Therefore, to provide quality health care to patients it is important that they have appropriate knowledge and practice on diabetes mellitus management. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of diabetes mellitus management among community pharmacy personnel involved in retail community pharmacies of Kathmandu.

Methods
Three hundred and fifteen community pharmacies, selected by systematic random sampling were surveyed by using pre-validated self-administered questionnaires. The first set of questionnaire evaluated the community pharmacy personnel’s diabetes knowledge based on a pre-validated 20-item questionnaire. The second set of questionnaire documented about the practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management which contained 22 questions. Data was entered in EPI Data and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results
This survey demonstrated that 76.5 % respondents had poor knowledge and 86.4 % had negative practice on diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Only 26.2 % respondents had good knowledge as well as good practice. 31.4 % of respondents had poor knowledge as well as poor practice on DM management.

Conclusions
Laws and regulations regarding community pharmacy personnel need to be implemented. There should be more advanced and experiment based training. Additionally, the provision for further education curriculum in pharmacy education should be implemented which should intensively include disease and proper management. Guidelines covering diabetes care should be distributed and implemented throughout community pharmacies.
Draft genome sequence of ‘Treponema phagedenis’ strain V1, isolated from bovine digital dermatitis
Authors: Mushtaq Mamoona , Manzoor Shahid , Pringle Märit , Rosander Anna , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik 
Published: September 2015

Abstract‘Treponema phagedenis’ is considered to be a key agent in the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis, an infectious foot condition of economic and animal welfare importance. We hereby report the draft sequence of ‘T. phagedenis’ strain V1. The draft genome assembly consists of 51 scaffolds comprising 3,129,551 bp and a GC-content of 39.9 %. Putative pathogenicity related factors have been identified in the genome that can be used in future studies to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of ‘T. phagedenis’.
Biocompatibility of a polymer based on Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Enes + Epoxy (OSTE+) for neural implants
Authors: Ejserholm Fredrik , Stegmayr John , Bauer Patrik , Johansson Fredrik , Wallman Lars , Bengtsson Martin , Oredsson Stina 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background

The flexibility of implantable neural probes has increased during the last 10 years, starting with stiff materials such as silicone to more flexible materials like polyimide. We have developed a novel polymer based on Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Enes + Epoxy (OSTE+, consisting of a thiol, two allyls, an epoxy resin and two initiators), which is up to 100 times more flexible than polyimide. Since a flexible neural probe should be more biocompatible than a stiff probe, an OSTE+ probe should be more biocompatible than one composed of a more rigid material. We have investigated the toxicity of OSTE+ as well as of OSTE+ that had been incubated in water for a week (OSTE+H
2
O) using MTT assays with mouse L929 fibroblasts. We found that OSTE+ showed cytotoxicity, but OSTE+H
2
O did not. Extracts were analyzed using LC-MS and GC-MS in order to identify leaked chemicals.

Results

Most constituents were found in extracts of OSTE+, whereas only initiators were found in OSTE+H
2
O extracts. The detected levels of each chemical found in the LC-MS and the GC-MS analysis were below the toxicity level when compared to MTT assays of all the individual chemicals, except for one of the initiators that had an IC
50
value close to the detected levels.

Conclusion

Our notion is that the toxicity of OSTE+ was caused by one of the initiators, by impurities in the constituents or by synergistic effects of low doses of leaked chemicals. However, our conclusion is that if OSTE+ is incubated for one week in water, OSTE+ is not cytotoxic and suitable for further
in vivo
studies.
Phenotypic Characterization of Insulin-Resistant and Insulin-Sensitive Obesity
Authors: Chen D. L. , Liess C. , Poljak A. , Xu A. , Zhang J. , Thoma C. , Trenell M. , Milner B. , Jenkins A. B. , Chisholm D. J. , Samocha-Bonet D. , Greenfield J. R. 
Published: September 2015

Context:
Whereas insulin resistance and obesity coexist, some obese individuals remain insulin sensitive.

Objective:
We examined phenotypic and metabolic factors associated with insulin sensitivity in both muscle and liver in obese individuals.

Design and Participants:
Sixty-four nondiabetic obese adults (29 males) underwent hyperinsulinemic (15 and 80 mU/m2 · min)-euglycemic clamps with deuterated glucose. Top tertile subjects for glucose infusion rate during the high-dose insulin clamp were assigned Musclesen and those in the lower two tertiles were assigned Muscleres. Secondarily, top tertile subjects for endogenous glucose production suppression during the low-dose insulin clamp were deemed Liversen and the remainder Liverres.

Main Outcomes Measures:
Clinical and laboratory parameters and visceral, subcutaneous, liver, and pancreatic fat were compared.

Results:
Musclesen and Muscleres had similar body mass index and total fat (P &gt; .16), but Musclesen had lower glycated hemoglobin (P &lt; .001) and systolic (P = .01) and diastolic (P = .03) blood pressure (BP). Despite similar sc fat (P = 1), Musclesen had lower visceral (P &lt; .001) and liver (P &lt; .001) fat. Liversen had lower visceral (P &lt; .01) and liver (P &lt; .01) fat and C-reactive protein (P = .02) than Liverres. When subjects were grouped by both glucose infusion rate during the high-dose insulin clamp and endogenous glucose production suppression, insulin sensitivity at either muscle or liver conferred apparent protection from the adverse metabolic features that characterized subjects insulin resistant at both sites. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, 1-hour glucose, systolic BP, and triglycerides explained 54% of the variance in muscle insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions:
Obese subjects who were insulin sensitive at muscle and/or liver exhibited favorable metabolic features, including lower BP, liver and visceral adiposity. This study identifies factors associated with, and possibly contributing to, insulin sensitivity in obesity.
Effect of Sensor-Augmented Pump Treatment Versus Multiple Daily Injections on Albuminuria: A 1-Year Randomized Study
Authors: Rosenlund Signe , Hansen Tine Willum , Rossing Peter , Andersen Steen 
Published: September 2015

Context:
The effect of glycemic control on persisting albuminuria remains unclear. Insulin delivery and glucose variability may be important.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year treatment with sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) or multiple daily injections (MDIs) on albuminuria.

Design, Patients, and Methods:
This was a randomized controlled open-label parallel trial composed of 60 patients with type 1 diabetes with a history of albuminuria and on stable renin-angiotensin system inhibition, were randomly assigned to SAP or MDI. Urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured in three urine samples at all visits. Glucose variability and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA-GFR) were measured at beginning and study end. Using linear mixed model, change in UACR between groups was analyzed as intention to treat.

Main Outcome Measure:
Change in UACR was measured.

Results:
Fifty-five patients (SAP, n = 26; MDI, n = 29) completed the study. Diabetes duration (mean ± SD, 33 ± 12 y), UACR (geometric mean, 99 mg/g; interquartile range, 37–233 mg/g), 51Cr-EDTA-GFR (94 ± 22 mL/min/1.73m2), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (9.0 ± 1.1%), glucose variability (calculated as SD), 4.0 ± 1.0 mmol/l; no-group differences (P ≥ .06 for all). After 1 year, change in UACR was mean, −13%; 95% confidence interval, −39 to 22 with SAP vs mean, 30%; 95% CI, −12 to 92% on MDI treatment (unadjusted P = .051; adjusted for HbA1c, P = .04). HbA1c decreased 1.3 ± 1.0 vs 0.6 ± 1.0% (P = .013), glucose variability decreased 0.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L (P = .04), and 51Cr-EDTA-GFR declined 5.6 ± 9.6 vs 3.4 ± 13 mL/min/1.73m2 (P = .50) with SAP vs MDI treatment. There were no changes in blood pressure (P ≥ .27).

Conclusion:
SAP treatment reduced UACR in a randomized controlled trial in type 1 diabetes patients with a history of albuminuria on stable renin-angiotensin system inhibition. Significance was reached after adjustment. SAP treatment reduced HbA1c and glucose variability (calculated as SD).
Liganded ERα Stimulates the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of UBE3C to Facilitate Cell Proliferation
Authors: Okada Maiko , Ohtake Fumiaki , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Wu Wenwen , Saeki Yasushi , Takana Keiji , Ohta Tomohiko 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)α is a well-characterized ligand-dependent transcription factor. However, the global picture of its nongenomic functions remains to be illustrated. Here, we demonstrate a novel function of ERα during mitosis that facilitates estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBE3C, was identified in an ERα complex from estrogen-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells arrested at mitosis. UBE3C interacts with ERα during mitosis in an estrogen-dependent manner. In vitro, estrogen dramatically stimulates the E3 activity of UBE3C in the presence of ERα. This effect was inhibited by the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen. Importantly, estrogen enhances the ubiquitination of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and destabilizes CCNB1 during mitosis in a manner dependent on endogenous UBE3C. ERα, UBE3C, and CCNB1 colocalize in prophase nuclei and at metaphase spindles before CCNB1 is degraded in anaphase. Depletion of UBE3C attenuates estrogen-dependent cell proliferation without affecting the transactivation function of ERα. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel ligand-dependent action of ERα that stimulates the activity of an E3 ligase. The mitotic role of estrogen may contribute to its effects on proliferation in addition to its roles in target gene expression.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lucamante Stefania , Formica Serena , Valente Donatella , Bini Andrea , d’Arcangeli Luciana 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Sardinia on the Screen: The Construction of the Sardinian Character in Italian Cinema, Maria Bonaria Urban (2013) Amsterdam: Rodopi (Studia Imagologica), 579 pp., ISBN: 9789042037502, h/bk $149.69
The Mirage of America in Contemporary Italian Literature and Film, Barbara Alfano (2013) Toronto: Toronto University Press, 190 pp., ISBN: 9781442644052, p/bk, £36.20
PIERRE SORLIN. MEMORIA NARRAZIONE AUDIOVISIVO, SILVIA LEONZI (ED.) (2013) Roma: Armando Editore, 143 pp., ISBN: 9788866773474, p/bk, 10.00
Commedia nell’Italia contemporanea, I. A. De Pascalis (2012) Milan: Il Castoro, 175 pp., ISBN: 9788880336167, p/bk, 13.18
Zoom d’oltreoceano: Is tantanee sui registi italiani e sull’Italia, Daniela De Pau and Simone Dub rovic (eds ) (2010) Manziana, Rome: Vecchiarelli Editore, 351 pp., ISBN: 9788882472719, p/bk, 30.00