bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are thermophilic microorganisms active in cold environments?
Authors: Cockell Charles S. , Cousins Claire , Wilkinson Paul T. , Olsson-Francis Karen , Rozitis Ben 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe mean air temperature of the Icelandic interior is below 10 °C. However, we have previously observed 16S rDNA sequences associated with thermophilic lineages in Icelandic basalts. Measurements of the temperatures of igneous rocks in Iceland showed that solar insolation of these low albedo substrates achieved a peak surface temperature of 44.5 °C. We isolated seven thermophilicGeobacillusspecies from basalt with optimal growth temperatures of ~65 °C. The minimum growth temperature of these organisms was ~36 °C, suggesting that they could be active in the rock environment. Basalt dissolution rates at 40 °C were increased in the presence of one of the isolates compared to abiotic controls, showing its potential to be involved in active biogeochemistry at environmental temperatures. These data raise the possibility of transient active thermophilic growth in macroclimatically cold rocky environments, implying that the biogeographical distribution of active thermophiles might be greater than previously understood. These data show that temperatures measured or predicted over large scales on a planet are not in themselves adequate to assess niches available to extremophiles at micron scales.
Efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Dimopoulos M A , Swern A S , Li J S , Hussein M , Weiss L , Nagarwala Y , Baz R 
Published: November 2014

AbstractData from two randomized pivotal, phase 3 trials evaluating the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) were pooled to characterize the subset of patients who achieved long-term benefit of therapy (progression-free survival ⩾3 years). Patients with long-term benefit of therapy (n=45) had a median duration of treatment of 48.1 months and a response rate of 100%. Humoral improvement (uninvolved immunoglobulin A) was more common in patients with long-term benefit of therapy (79% vs 55%; P=0.002). Significant predictors of long-term benefit of therapy in multivariate analysis were age<65 years (P=0.03), β2-microglobulin <2.5 mg/l (P=0.002) and fewer prior therapies (P=0.002). The exposure-adjusted incidence rate (EAIR) of grade 3–4 neutropenia was lower in patients with long-term benefit of therapy (13.9 vs 38.2 per 100 patient-years). The EAIR for invasive second primary malignancy was the same in patients with long-term benefit of therapy and other patients (1.7 per 100 patient-years). These findings indicate that patients with RRMM can experience long-term benefit with lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment with manageable side effects.
Endogenous florendoviruses are major components of plant genomes and hallmarks of virus evolution
Authors: Geering Andrew D. W. , Maumus Florian , Copetti Dario , Choisne Nathalie , Zwickl Derrick J. , Zytnicki Matthias , McTaggart Alistair R. , Scalabrin Simone , Vezzulli Silvia , Wing Rod A. , Quesneville Hadi , Teycheney Pierre-Yves 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe extent and importance of endogenous viral elements have been extensively described in animals but are much less well understood in plants. Here we describe a new genus of Caulimoviridae called ‘Florendovirus’, members of which have colonized the genomes of a large diversity of flowering plants, sometimes at very high copy numbers (>0.5% total genome content). The genome invasion of Oryza is dated to over 1.8 million years ago (MYA) but phylogeographic evidence points to an even older age of 20–34 MYA for this virus group. Some appear to have had a bipartite genome organization, a unique characteristic among viral retroelements. In Vitis vinifera, 9% of the endogenous florendovirus loci are located within introns and therefore may influence host gene expression. The frequent colocation of endogenous florendovirus loci with TA simple sequence repeats, which are associated with chromosome fragility, suggests sequence capture during repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.
Aggregation and morphology control enables multiple cases of high-efficiency polymer solar cells
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Zhao Jingbo , Li Zhengke , Mu Cheng , Ma Wei , Hu Huawei , Jiang Kui , Lin Haoran , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough the field of polymer solar cell has seen much progress in device performance in the past few years, several limitations are holding back its further development. For instance, current high-efficiency (>9.0%) cells are restricted to material combinations that are based on limited donor polymers and only one specific fullerene acceptor. Here we report the achievement of high-performance (efficiencies up to 10.8%, fill factors up to 77%) thick-film polymer solar cells for multiple polymer:fullerene combinations via the formation of a near-ideal polymer:fullerene morphology that contains highly crystalline yet reasonably small polymer domains. This morphology is controlled by the temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of the donor polymers and is insensitive to the choice of fullerenes. The uncovered aggregation and design rules yield three high-efficiency (>10%) donor polymers and will allow further synthetic advances and matching of both the polymer and fullerene materials, potentially leading to significantly improved performance and increased design flexibility.
Progressive contraction of the latent HIV reservoir around a core of less-differentiated CD4+ memory T Cells
Authors: Jaafoura S. , de Goër de Herve M. G. , Hernandez-Vargas E. A. , Hendel-Chavez H. , Abdoh M. , Mateo M. C. , Krzysiek R. , Merad M. , Seng R. , Tardieu M. , Delfraissy J. F. , Goujard C. , Taoufik Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn patients who are receiving prolonged antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV can persist within a small pool of long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells infected with integrated latent virus. This latent reservoir involves distinct memory subsets. Here we provide results that suggest a progressive reduction of the size of the blood latent reservoir around a core of less-differentiated memory subsets (central memory and stem cell-like memory (TSCM) CD4+ T cells). This process appears to be driven by the differences in initial sizes and decay rates between latently infected memory subsets. Our results also suggest an extreme stability of the TSCM sub-reservoir, the size of which is directly related to cumulative plasma virus exposure before the onset of ART, stressing the importance of early initiation of effective ART. The presence of these intrinsic dynamics within the latent reservoir may have implications for the design of optimal HIV therapeutic purging strategies.
Broadband focusing and collimation of water waves by zero refractive index
Authors: Zhang Chi , Chan C. T. , Hu Xinhua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt is always a challenge to realize extreme and unusual values of refractive index for a broad range of frequencies. We show that when water is covered by a thick, rigid and unmovable plate, it behaves like a medium with zero refractive index for water waves at any frequency. Hence, by covering water with a plate of a concave or rectangular shape, water waves can be focused or collimated in a broad range of frequencies. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate these effects and results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Microdiskectomy and Translaminar Approach: Minimal Invasiveness and Flavum Ligament Preservation
Authors: Vanni Daniele , Sirabella Francesco S. , Guelfi Matteo , Pantalone Andrea , Galzio Renato , Salini Vincenzo , Magliani Vincenzo 
Published: November 2014

Study Design Retrospective study. Objective The interlaminar approach represents the standard procedure for the surgical treatment of lumbar disk herniation (LDH). In the case of disk herniations in the “hidden zone,” it could be necessary to perform laminotomies or laminectomies and partial or total facetectomies to remove the herniated fragment, thus leading to iatrogenic instability. The objective of the study is to evaluate the translaminar approach, in terms of the results, safety, and efficacy compared with the standard approach. Methods Since February 2010, 38 patients (26 men and 12 women; mean age 50.9 years, range 31 to 78 years) with LDH and migration into the hidden zone underwent a microdiskectomy by the translaminar approach. Using a micro-diamond dust-coated burr, a translaminar hole (8 ± 2 mm) was made, with subsequent exposure of the involved root and removal of the fragment. A clinical follow-up was performed at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 using the visual analog scale and the Oswestry Disability Index. All patients were evaluated according to the Spangfort score. Postoperative radiographic evaluations were done at 1, 6, and 12 months (dynamic radiographic studies done at 6 and 12 months). Results In over 60% of cases, L4–L5 was the involved disk. The visualization of the roots was successfully achieved through a translaminar approach. No laminotomies, laminectomies, or partial or total facetectomies were performed. The flavum ligament was always spared. A severe intraoperative bleeding episode occurred in 5% of the cases, due to involvement of the epidural veins, but it did not result in prolonged operative time (mean duration 60 ± 10 minutes). The patients showed a gradual resolution of the back pain and a progressive resolution of the radicular pain and the neurologic deficits. No sign of radiographic instability was documented during the follow-up. No infections, dural tears, or spinal cord injuries occurred. No revision surgery was performed. Conclusion The translaminar approach is the only tissue-sparing technique viable in case of cranially migrated LDH encroaching on the exiting nerve root in the preforaminal zones, for the levels above L2–L3, and in the preforaminal and foraminal zones, for the levels below L3–L4 (L5–S1 included, if a total microdiskectomy is not necessary). The possibility to spare the flavum ligament is one of the main advantages of this technique. According to our experience, the translaminar approach is an effective and safe alternative minimally invasive surgical option.
The Ancient Greekψιλά – δασέαDistinction as a Possible Source for themaǧhūr – mahmūsDistinction in Sībawayhi’sKitāb
Authors: Heselwood Barry , Watson Janet C. E. , Maghrabi Reem 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper explores conceptual and descriptive parallels between the Ancient Greekψιλά–δασέαdistinction as found in the Peripatetic textDe Audibilibus, and thegˇahr–hamsdistinction in the medieval Arabic writings of Al-Ḫalīl (d. c.786 A.D.) and Sībawayhi (d. c.796 A.D.). In both cases there is a focus on the absence versus presence of audible breath, and a belief that audible breath is a cause of lack of clarity in speech. There is no historical evidence that theDe Audibilibuswas available to the Arab grammarians either directly or through Syriac sources, but the striking similarities suggest that ideas expressed in it did make their way into Arabic phonetic thinking. The fact that Sībawayhi applied the distinction to all the sounds of Arabic, and did not introduce a third term equivalent to the later Greekμέσαcategory found in theTechnē Grammatikē(2nd cent. B.C.) and in Jacob of Edessa’s (c.640–708 A.D.) Syriac grammar based on it, suggests that it was theμέσαdistinction in its original form which influenced his division of Arabic sounds into themagˇhūrandmahmūsclasses.
Medieval Commentators on the Notion ‘persona agentis’ in Priscian’s Syntactic Theory
Authors: Fredborg Karin Margareta 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Medieval syntactic analysis ranges from simple word order parsing in prescriptive grammars to sophisticated discussions of first and secondary constructibles in modistic, dependency grammars. What combines these two levels is found in Priscian‘s use of actants: (1) persona agentis (= Apollonius’ ‘understood nominative’), (2) verb phrase, and (3) persona patientis, in this paradigmatic word order, corresponding to an underlying structure with an active verb, e.g., audio te “I hear you” corresponding to audieris a me “You are heard by me”, seruio tibi “I am a servant to you”, seruieris a me “You are served by me”. In medieval understanding, more complex sentences are reducible / convertible to such active / passive constructions, if one includes their particular notions of government, where verbs govern the nominative and / or oblique cases, always in separate dyadic combinations, e.g., “I hear”, “hear you”.
The Qing Tradition and the Return of Manchu Lexicography to China (1970s–1990s)
Authors: Söderblom Saarela Mårten 
Published: November 2014

Summary
In Qing China (1644–1911), many bilingual dictionaries of Manchu and Chinese were compiled to serve the needs of a multilingual empire. They were largely forgotten in the 20th century. In the 1970s, government initiatives to organize and research the historical heritage meant greater interaction with the Manchu language of the millions of Qing administrative documents still extant. Several projects to compile Manchu-Chinese dictionaries were thus undertaken, leading to the simultaneous publication of several titles in the early 1990s. The new Manchu dictionaries appealed to the Qing lexicographical tradition in their arrangement. By comparing the organization of two recent Manchu dictionaries, compiled respectively by An Shuangcheng (b.1942) and Hu Zengyi (b.1936), two scholars based in Beijing, this paper reveals that although no one pointed it out, the allegedly traditional arrangement in fact differed substantially between dictionaries.
Use of a Statewide Angler Tag Reporting System to Estimate Rates of Exploitation and Total Mortality for Idaho Sport Fisheries
Authors: Meyer Kevin A. , Schill Daniel J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
From 2006 to 2009, 18,712 fish were tagged and released in 45 tagging events using nonreward and high-reward T-bar anchor tags to estimate the rate of exploitation (u) by anglers in various Idaho fisheries. In total, 3,100 nonreward tags and 592 high-reward tags were reported by anglers. Annual u was adjusted for tag loss, tagging mortality, and angler tag reporting rate. Tag loss, estimated by double-tagging a subsample of fish, varied greatly among species; tag loss was lowest for Yellow Perch Perca flavescens (1.1% in year 1 and 4.5% in year 2) and crappies Pomoxis spp. (2.9% and 4.8%) and was highest for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (14.8% and 30.3%), Walleyes Sander vitreus (11.4% and 43.2%), and Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu (10.5% and 41.6%). Short-term (7–33-d) mortality averaged about 1% for both hatchery and wild fish. The nonreward-tag reporting rate averaged 54.5% across all species and years. Adjusted u averaged 19.4% (range = 2.0–44.3%) and was generally highest for crappies (mean = 28.7%) and Smallmouth Bass (22.0%) and lowest for wild trout (9.5%). Estimates of total annual mortality (A), based on the difference in tag returns between years 1 and 2, were plausible for some species but were unusually high for other species, especially Smallmouth Bass and wild trout. The implausibility of some estimates of A probably resulted from a combination of factors, including the reduced vulnerability of larger, older fish to angling, which would have caused a reduction in tag returns in year 2, likely due to a shift in fish behavior or habitat preference as tagged fish grew in size. Our results demonstrate the utility of using the high-reward tagging method to estimate u for fisheries under a variety of circumstances, but fisheries managers should use caution in attempting to simultaneously estimate A from the tag returns.
Received December 23, 2013; accepted July 21, 2014
Results of CO2 Laser-assisted Deep Sclerectomy as Compared With Conventional Deep Sclerectomy
Authors: Greifner Gabriel , Roy Sylvain , Mermoud André 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) compared with classic nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with implant in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent primary filtration surgery with CO2 laser system at the time interval between July 2010 and April 2011 were identified, their medical files were reviewed, and their results were compared with matched control group who underwent classic NPDS with intrascleral implant at the same time period. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at baseline, 1 week, and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Main outcome measures were: IOP, use of supplemental medical therapy, and failure (5 mm Hg>IOP>18 mm Hg, reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception).

Results:
A total of 58 patients were reviewed, including 27 in the CLASS group and 31 in the NPDS group. For the CLASS group the follow-up (mean±SD) was 20.7±6.8 months, the mean preoperative IOP was 23.3±8.2 mm Hg (range, 10 to 38 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication before surgery was 3.0±1.0 (range, 1 to 4). At final follow-up visits, the mean IOP was 11.7±3.1 mm Hg (range, 6 to 19 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication was reduced to 1.0±1.6 (P<0.0003). The complete success rate (IOP≤18 mm Hg without antiglaucoma medication) was 73% and the qualified success rate (IOP≤18 mm Hg with/without antiglaucoma medication) was 96%. For the control group the mean follow-up was 17.6±6.7 months, the mean preoperative IOP was 23.1±7.3 mm Hg (range, 14 to 44 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication before surgery was 3.0±0.8 (range, 1 to 4). At final follow-up visits, the IOP was 13.3±3.6 mm Hg (range, 8 to 20 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication was reduced to 0.7±1.1 (P<0.0004). The complete success rate and the qualified success rate were 71% and 89%, respectively.

Conclusions:
A new technique using a CO2-laser ablation system allows precise and easy creation of the scleral space and ablation of Schlemm canal. This technique has been shown to be as efficient as the standard NPDS surgery in terms of IOP-lowering effect. This would render the deep sclerectomy an easier glaucoma surgery.
Genetic and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Werlin Steven , Konikoff Fred M. , Halpern Zamir , Barkay Olga , Yerushalmi Baruch , Broide Efrat , Santo Erwin , Shamir Raanan , Shaoul Ron , Shteyer Eyal , Yaakov Yasmin , Cohen Michael , Kerem Eitan , Ruszniewski Philippe , Masson Emmanuelle , Ferec Claude , Wilschanski Michael 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim was to present the workup of patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) for genetic analysis and electrophysiological testing.Methods:Patients with ARP with unknown etiology were referred for genetic testing and evaluation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR) function by nasal potential difference (NPD) testing.Results:A total of 67 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 23 ± 17 years (median 17.0 years, range 1.5–72 years); 90% were Jewish and 10% Arab. Ten (15%) patients carried PRSS1 gene mutation (K23R(7), R122H(2), and D21A(1)). One patient had K172E/− (chymotrypsin C [CTRC]) mutation, 1 had I42M (serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 [SPINK1])/V235I (CTRC) together with ΔF508/5T, 1 patient had R67H (SPINK1)/V235I (CTRC), and 1 patient had V235I (CTRC)/−. Ten of 67 (15%) patients submitted for CFTR gene testing carried mutations (ΔF508/L997F, ΔF508/5T(11TG), W1282/5T(12TG), W1282X/Y1014C, ΔF508/R31C, R117H/−, R117H/Y1014C, D1152H/−, 5T(11TG)/−, and L997F/−). Fifty‐four (80%) patients underwent sweat testing. Of these, 5 had sweat chloride ≥60 mEq/L, and 22 patients had sweat chloride from 40 to 60 mEq/L. Of the 56 (83%) patients had nasal potential difference testing, 4 (6%) with abnormal results.Conclusions:One‐third (34%) of patients with ARP carry mutations for hereditary pancreatitis including rare mutations (K23R), and 12.5% have evidence of cftr mutations and 10% had CFTR dysfunction underscoring the importance of genetic and functional workup of these patients.
Bile Acid Pool Dynamics in Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis With Partial External Bile Diversion
Authors: Jericho Hilary S. , Kaurs Elizabeth , Boverhof Renze , Knisely Alex , Shneider Benjamin L. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Whitington Peter F. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Partial external bile diversion (PEBD) is an established therapy for low‐γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). This study sought to determine whether the dynamics of the cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) pools in subjects with low‐GGT‐PFIC with successful PEBD were equivalent to those achieved with successful liver transplantation (LTX).Methods:The kinetics of CA and CDCA metabolism were measured by stable isotope dilution in plasma samples in 5 subjects with PEBD, all with intact canalicular bile salt export pump expression and compared with subjects with low‐GGT‐PFIC with successful LTX. Stomal loss of bile acids was measured in subjects with PEBD.Results:The fractional turnover rate for CA in the PEBD group ranged from 0.5 to 4.2/day (LTX group, range 0.2–0.9/day, P = 0.076) and for CDCA from 0.7 to 4.5/day (LTX group 0.3–0.4/day, P = 0.009). The CA and CDCA pool sizes were equivalent between groups; however, pool composition in PEBD was somewhat more hydrophilic. The CA/CDCA ratio in PEBD ranged from 0.9 to 19.5, whereas in LTX it ranged from 0.5 to 2.6. Synthesis rates computed from isotope dilution correlated well with timed output for both CA (r2 = 0.760, P = 0.024) and CDCA (r2 = 0.690, P = 0.021).Conclusions:PEBD results in bile acid fractional turnover rates greater than LTX, pool sizes equivalent to LTX, and pool composition that is at least as hydrophilic as produced by LTX.
Measuring systemic financial risk and analyzing influential factors: an extreme value approach
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Shoudong , Zhang Xiu 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to measure a single financial institution's contribution to systemic risk by using extremal quantile regression and analyzing the influential factors of systemic risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– Extreme value theory is applied when measuring the systemic risk of financial institutions. Extremal quantile regression, where extreme value distribution is assumed for the tail, is used to measure the extreme risk and analyze the changes in and dependencies of risk. Furthermore, influential factors of systemic risk are analyzed using panel regression.

Findings
– The key findings of the paper are that value at risk and contribution to systemic risk are very different when measuring the risk of a financial institution; banks’ contributions to systemic risk are much higher; and size and leverage ratio are two significant and important factors influencing an institution's systemic risk.

Practical implications
– Characterizing variables of financial institutions such as size, leverage ratio and market beta should be considered together when regulating and constraining financial institutions.

Originality/value
– To take extreme risk into account, this paper measures systemic financial risk using extremal quantile regression for the first time.