bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter lesion load is associated with resting state functional MRI activity and amyloid pet but not FDG in mild cognitive impairment and early alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Zhou Yongxia , Yu Fang , Duong Timothy Q. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo quantify and investigate the interactions between multimodal MRI/positron emission tomography (PET) imaging metrics in elderly patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls.Materials and MethodsThirteen early AD, 17 MCI patients, and 14 age‐matched healthy aging controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were selected based on availability of data. Default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were obtained for resting state functional MRI (RS‐fMRI). White matter lesion load (WMLL) was quantified from MRI T2‐weighted FLAIR images. Amyloid deposition with PET [18F]‐Florbetapir tracer and metabolism of glucose by means of [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (FDG) images were quantified using ratio of standard uptake values (rSUV).ResultsWhole‐brain WMLL and amyloid deposition were significantly higher (P < 0.005) in MCI and AD patients compared with controls. RS‐fMRI results showed significantly reduced (corrected P < 0.05) DMN connectivity and altered fALFF activity in both MCI and AD groups. FDG uptake results showed hypometabolism in AD and MCI patients compared with controls. Correlations (P < 0.05) were found between WMLL and amyloid load, FDG uptake and amyloid load, as well as between amyloid load (rSUV) and fALFF.ConclusionOur quantitative results of four MRI and PET imaging metrics (fALFF/DMN, WMLL, amyloid, and FDG rSUV values) agree with published values. Significant correlations between MRI metrics, including WMLL/functional activity and PET amyloid load suggest the potential of MRI and PET‐based biomarkers for early detection of AD.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:102–109. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Playing with fire? The impact of the hidden curriculum in school genetics on essentialist conceptions of race
Authors: Donovan Brian M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRace has been a longstanding topic in the biology textbook curriculum. Yet, there appears to be no research investigating whether the treatment of race in modern biology textbooks impacts how students conceptualize race. In the present study, a double‐blind field experiment employing mixed‐methods is used to investigate the impact of textbook‐based genetics learning on essentialist conceptions of race amongst adolescents. The study was carried out in an eighth grade classroom in a California Bay Area School. Students recruited for the study (N = 43) read either a racialized or a non‐racialized textbook passage on human genetic diseases and completed a reading comprehension assessment. After a short distracting task they responded to items in two different race conception instruments. Controlling for race, gender, age, prior race‐conceptions, and reading comprehension, statistically significant effects were observed on both race conception instruments by treatment. Students in the racialized condition exhibited stronger essentialist conceptions of race than students in the non‐racialized condition. Additionally, an exploratory analysis indicated that an understanding of Mendelian heredity moderated the observed treatment effects. The findings of the present study tentatively suggest that textbook‐based instruction in school biology can inadvertently reinforce essentialist conceptions of race that underlie racial bias. Implications for teaching and research are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 462–496, 2014
The Utility of FAST for Initial Abdominal Screening of Major Pelvic Fracture Patients
Authors: Verbeek Diederik O. F. , Zijlstra IJsbrand A. J. , van der Leij Christaan , Ponsen Kornelis J. , van Delden Otto M. , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundFocused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is widely used in pelvic fracture patients. We examined the performance of FAST for detecting hemoperitoneum and predicting the need for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage control in major pelvic fracture patients.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective study of major pelvic fracture patients was performed. The presence of hemoperitoneum was confirmed on CT or at laparotomy. The need for hemorrhage control was defined as requiring a surgical or radiological intervention for intra‐abdominal bleeding. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) patients had a systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg or base deficit of ≥ 6 mEq/L on admission.ResultsA total of 120 patients were included, 42 (35 %) of which had any hemoperitoneum and 21 (18 %) had a moderate‐large amount. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of FAST for any hemoperitoneum were 64, 94, 84, and 83 % and for a moderate‐large amount they were 86, 86, 56, and 97 %. In HS patients the indices were 68, 93, 88, and 78 % for any hemoperitoneum and 79, 83, 65, and 91 % for a moderate‐large amount. For the need for hemorrhage control, FAST had a positive predictive value of 50 % (16/32) in all and 71 % (12/17) in HS patients. The negative predictive value was 99 % (87/88) in all and 97 % (31/32) in HS patients.ConclusionFAST had a good to excellent diagnostic accuracy, depending on the size of hemoperitoneum. A positive FAST result (even in HS patients) does not reliably predict the need for immediate intra‐abdominal hemorrhage control but a negative FAST result renders the need for an intervention highly unlikely.
A Novel Method for the Management of Post‐Thyroidectomy or Parathyroidectomy Hematoma: A Single‐Institution Experience after over 4,000 Central Neck Operations
Authors: Dixon Jennifer L. , Snyder Samuel K. , Lairmore Terry C. , Jupiter Daniel , Govednik Cara , Hendricks John C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground
Cervical hematoma is a rare but serious complication of thyroid and parathyroid surgery that has historically required inpatient monitoring. With improved surgical technique and experience, operations are being performed increasingly as outpatient procedures. Therefore, a safe and systematic approach to cervical exploration of a postoperative hematoma needs to be defined.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2013, a retrospective review was performed of 4,140 thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgical outcomes data were recorded, specifically including the occurrence of a cervical hematoma, time interval to presentation, and methods of management.ResultsA total of 18 patients (0.43 %) developed a postoperative cervical hematoma that required surgical intervention. The occurrence of hematoma was 0.66 % (n = 11) for bilateral thyroid procedures, 0.21 % (n = 3) for unilateral thyroid procedures, and 0.13 % (n = 1) for parathyroid procedures. There were 3 (1.69 %) patients who had combined unilateral thyroid and parathyroid procedures and developed hematomas. Emergent bedside decompression was required for only two patients, both of whom suffered respiratory arrest in the postoperative anesthesia recovery unit. The remaining 16 patients were explored in the operating room, utilizing initial local anesthesia in the semi‐upright position in 11 patients (69 %).ConclusionsFrom our experience, hematomas that caused significant airway compromise leading to respiratory arrest occurred in the postoperative anesthesia recovery room, and hematoma presentation after this time did not require emergent bedside decompression. Hematoma, when it occurs, can otherwise be managed safely in the operating room after inpatient or outpatient procedures using initial local anesthesia with the patient in the semi‐upright position for hematoma evacuation.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Analysis of Failure of Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Bagul A. , Patel H. P. , Chadwick D. , Harrison B. J. , Balasubramanian S. P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground
Preoperative imaging in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is used primarily to facilitate targeted parathyroidectomy. Failure of preoperative localisation mandates a bilateral exploration. It is thought that the results of imaging may also predict the success of surgery. The aims of this study were to assess whether the findings on preoperative localisation influenced outcomes following parathyroidectomy for PHPT and to explore factors underlying failure to cure at surgery.MethodsWe analysed outcomes of all patients who underwent first‐time surgery for PHPT in two centres over a 5‐year period to determine an association with demographic characteristics and findings on preoperative imaging. Records of patients not cured by initial surgery were reviewed to explore factors underlying failure to cure.ResultsThe failure rate (persistent disease) in the entire cohort was 5 % (25/541) (bilateral neck explorations, 5 %; unilateral exploration, 7 %; targeted approach, 4 %), while two patients developed recurrent disease. In patients who had undergone dual imaging with an ultrasound scan and 99mTc‐sestamibi scintigraphy, failure rates with “lateralised and concordant” imaging, “nonconcordant” imaging, and “dual‐negative” imaging were 2, 9, and 11 %, respectively (p = 0.01). Of the 25 patients with persistent disease, multigland disease (MGD) was present in 52 % (13/25) and ectopic adenoma in 24 % (6/12).ConclusionsPatients with PHPT who do not have lateralised and concordant dual imaging are at higher risk of persistent disease. A significant proportion of failures are due to the inability to recognise the presence and/or extent of MGD.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316L Coatings Produced by Cold Spray for Biomedical Applications
Authors: AL-Mangour Bandar , Vo Phuong , Mongrain Rosaire , Irissou Eric , Yue Stephen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed stainless steel 316L coatings using N2 and He as propellant gases were investigated. Powder and coating characterizations, including coating microhardness, coating porosity, and XRD phase analysis were performed. It was found that heat treatment reduced porosity, improved inter-particle bonding, and increased ductility. XRD results confirmed that no phase transformation occurred during deposition. Significant increase in UTS and ductility was observed for the annealed specimens obtained with nitrogen propellant, whereas little changes were observed for the helium propellant produced specimen.
Lipid Estimation of Surfactant‐Extracted Microalgae Oil Using Nile Red
Authors: Montalbo‐Lomboy Melissa , Kantekin Meryem Nur , Wang Tong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNile red staining has been used as a lipid quantification technique in many microalgae growth and oil accumulation studies. However, its application in lysed microalgae cells is limited. Therefore, this study focused on lysed microalgae cells and utilized the Nile red staining technique to evaluate oil content and extraction. This study aims to provide a rapid and high‐throughput alternative method particularly in the microalgae extraction screening process. Potential interferences such as chlorophyll, β‐carotene, soluble protein, and phospholipids were evaluated. The hydrophobic Nile red dye was found to quench in water, therefore the fluorometric measurement has to be completed immediately or within 5 min of dye addition. The fluorescence intensity was also found to be Nile red concentration dependent. The optimum Nile red concentration of 656 ppb was used throughout the study. In microalgae samples containing chlorophyll and carotenoids (such as Nannochloropsis sp.), Nile red fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in comparison to non‐chlorophyll microalgae (Schizochytrium limacinum). Soluble proteins from defatted microalgae did not fluoresce significantly relative to lipids, therefore did not interfere with the method to a high degree. Comparing the optimized Nile red staining method with the gravimetric lipid quantification method, a good linear correlation was found in all three materials tested (soybean oil, Nannochloropsis sp., and Schizochytriumlimacinum).
Structure of exoplanets
Authors: Spiegel David S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Sotin Christophe 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Planets around other stars, or exoplanets, are now known to be common in our galaxy. Exoplanets span a much wider range of physical conditions than the planets in our solar system, and include extremely puffy gas giants to compact rocky planets that can have densities as high as that of iron. The diversity of exoplanets allows us to place the planets of our solar system in a broader perspective, and invites further research in the nascent field of comparative exoplanetology. Here we review the continuum of detected planets, from the gas giants, which are composed mostly of hydrogen, to smaller worlds where water may provide more of their mass, to rock-iron worlds in some ways similar to Earth.
ROR1 can interact with TCL1 and enhance leukemogenesis in Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice
Authors: Widhopf George F. , Cui Bing , Ghia Emanuela M. , Chen Liguang , Messer Karen , Shen Zhouxin , Briggs Steven P. , Croce Carlo M. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a type 1 protein expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells, but not on normal postpartum tissues. This study demonstrates that ROR1 can contribute to leukemogenesis and can bind to T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1), a known coactivator of AKT. ROR1 can accelerate leukemogenesis when expressed together TCL1, leading to increased activation of AKT and enhanced leukemia-cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Treatment of ROR1-expressing leukemia cells with an anti-ROR1 mAb could down-modulate ROR1, reduce phospho-AKT, and impair their capacity to engraft syngeneic mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ROR1 accelerates development/progression of leukemia and may be targeted for therapy of patients with CLL.
Rapid disorganization of mechanically interacting systems of mammary acini
Authors: Shi Quanming , Ghosh Rajarshi P. , Engelke Hanna , Rycroft Chris H. , Cassereau Luke , Sethian James A. , Weaver Valerie M. , Liphardt Jan T. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Tissue mechanics are important in differentiation and development but also in diseases like breast cancer. Most breast cancers start in mammary acini, which are basic anatomical units of the mammary gland. We found in a model system that mammary acini can coordinate their disorganization toward a malignant phenotype through long-range mechanical interactions. When two or more contractile acini are sufficiently close together, they can interact via collagen lines that form between them due to acinar contractility and the nonlinearity of collagen mechanics. Disorganization of interacting acini is more probable, rapid, and extensive than that of noninteracting acini. The results may help to better understand how extrinsic factors such as tissue architecture and mechanics contribute to tumor initiation and progression.
In vitro selection with artificial expanded genetic information systems
Authors: Sefah Kwame , Yang Zunyi , Bradley Kevin M. , Hoshika Shuichi , Jiménez Elizabeth , Zhang Liqin , Zhu Guizhi , Shanker Savita , Yu Fahong , Turek Diane , Tan Weihong , Benner Steven A. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Many chemicals are valuable because they bind to other molecules. Chemical theory cannot directly design “binders.” However, we might recreate in the laboratory the Darwinian processes that nature uses to create binders. This in vitro evolution uses nucleic acids as binders, libraries of DNA/RNA to survive a selection challenge before they can have “children” (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX). Unfortunately, with only four nucleotides, natural DNA/RNA often yields only poor binders, perhaps because they are built from only four building blocks. Synthetic biology has increased the number of DNA/RNA building blocks, with tools to sequence, PCR amplify, and clone artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs). We report here the first example of a SELEX using AEGIS, producing a molecule that binds to cancer cells.
Induction of amphiregulin by p53 promotes apoptosis via control of microRNA biogenesis in response to DNA damage
Authors: Taira Naoe , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Kimura Junko , Lu Zheng-Guang , Fukuda Shinji , Higashiyama Shigeki , Ono Masaya , Yoshida Kiyotsugu 
Published: December 2013

Significance
The tumor suppressive function of p53 is tightly regulated by its posttranslational modifications. Although Ser46 phosphorylation is a critical modification for apoptosis induction, a molecular mechanism by which Ser46-phosphorylated p53 induces apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we clarify that amphiregulin (AREG) is specifically induced in a Ser46 phosphorylation-specific manner. Notably, AREG colocalizes with DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5) in the nucleus and regulates tumor suppressive microRNA biogenesis in response to DNA damage. These findings support a model in which Ser46-phosphorylated p53 orchestrates tumor suppressive microRNA expression in the apoptotic response to DNA damage.
Methanotrophy induces nitrogen fixation during peatland development
Authors: Larmola Tuula , Leppänen Sanna M. , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Aarva Maija , Merilä Päivi , Fritze Hannu , Tiirola Marja 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceIn peatlands, the external sources of nitrogen are mainly atmospheric, but the atmospheric nitrogen deposition alone cannot explain the long-term annual nitrogen accumulation rates to these ecosystems. Because of methodological problems, methane-induced fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen gas has been previously overlooked as an additional nitrogen input mechanism. We found that the activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria provides not only carbon but also nitrogen to peat mosses and, thus, contributes to carbon and nitrogen accumulation in peatlands, which store approximately one-third of the global soil carbon pool. Our results imply that nitrogen fixation in wetlands may be strongly underestimated when methods inhibiting methane oxidizers are used.
Inhibition of interferon gene activation by death-effector domain-containing proteins from the molluscum contagiosum virus
Authors: Randall Crystal M. H. , Biswas Sunetra , Selen Catherine V. , Shisler Joanna L. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Viruses express proteins that circumvent immune responses. In some cases, these viral proteins are homologous to cellular proteins. For example the poxviral MC159 and MC160 proteins are homologous to cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP). Each protein inhibited IFN-β activation, identifying a unique function for FLIPs. Surprisingly, the viral proteins possessed different biological mechanisms for inhibition. MC159 bound to upstream activators of this pathway (namely TBK1 and IKKε) to inhibit IRF3 but MC160 did not. Moreover, the MC159 and MC160 regions responsible for inhibition did not overlap. Scientists can uncover new pathways of immune system regulation and new means for manipulating immune responses by comparing the molecular functions of these viral and cellular FLIPs.
Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies
Authors: Adler Peter B. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Compagnoni Aldo , Hsu Joanna S. , Ray-Mukherjee Jayanti , Mbeau-Ache Cyril , Franco Miguel 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Plants have evolved diverse life history strategies to succeed in Earth’s varied environments. Some species grow quickly, produce copious seeds, and die within a few weeks. Other species grow slowly and rarely produce seeds but live thousands of years. We show that simple morphological measurements can predict where a species falls within the global range of life history strategies: species with large seeds, long-lived leaves, or dense wood have population growth rates influenced primarily by survival, whereas individual growth and fecundity have a stronger influence on the dynamics of species with small seeds, short-lived leaves, or soft wood. This finding increases the ability of scientists to represent complex population processes with a few easily measured character traits.
Role of ocean heat transport in climates of tidally locked exoplanets around M dwarf stars
Authors: Hu Yongyun , Yang Jun 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Tidal-locking planets receive very uneven stellar heating because their one side permanently faces their stars and the other remains dark. While the dayside can be warm enough to sustain liquid water, the nightside could be so cold that any gases would condense out. Here, we perform simulations with a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to demonstrate the importance of exooceanography in determining the habitability of tidal-locking exoplanets around M dwarfs. We show that ocean heat transport can substantially extend the dayside habitable area and efficiently warm the nightside, so that atmosphere collapse does not occur. As greenhouse effect or stellar radiation is sufficiently strong, ocean heat transport can even cause global deglaciation. Ocean heat transport also likely narrows the width of M dwarfs’ habitable zone.
Resting-brain functional connectivity predicted by analytic measures of network communication
Authors: Goñi Joaquín , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Avena-Koenigsberger Andrea , Velez de Mendizabal Nieves , Betzel Richard F. , Griffa Alessandra , Hagmann Patric , Corominas-Murtra Bernat , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Sporns Olaf 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Patterns of distributed brain activity are thought to underlie virtually all aspects of cognition and behavior. In this paper, we explore the degree to which it is possible to predict such functional patterns from the network of anatomical connections that link brain regions. To this end, we use three separately acquired neuroimaging datasets recording anatomical and functional connections in the human brain. We apply several measures of network communication that are derived analytically from the brain’s anatomical network. Our principal finding is that such network measures can predict empirically measured functional connectivity at levels that exceed other modeling approaches. Our study sheds light on the important role of anatomical networks and communication processes in shaping the brain’s functional activity.
High-throughput platform for real-time monitoring of biological processes by multicolor single-molecule fluorescence
Authors: Chen Jin , Dalal Ravindra V. , Petrov Alexey N. , Tsai Albert , O’Leary Seán E. , Chapin Karen , Cheng Janice , Ewan Mark , Hsiung Pei-Lin , Lundquist Paul , Turner Stephen W. , Hsu David R. , Puglisi Joseph D. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) provide a powerful technology for studying single-molecule real-time dynamics of biological systems. However, difficulties in instrumental implementation and ZMW fabrication prevented their widespread use. Here, we modify a commercially available ZMW-based DNA sequencer for use as a multipurpose single-molecule fluorescence instrument. The instrumentation presented here allows access to ZMWs for the general biophysics community for high-throughput multiplexed dynamics of single biological molecules.