bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the bond strength of different adhesive agents to a resin‐modified calcium silicate material (TheraCal LC)
Authors: Karadas Muhammed , Cantekin Kenan , Gumus Husniye , Ateş Sabit Melih , Duymuş Zeynep Yesil 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated the bond strength of different adhesive agents to TheraCal LC and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and examined the morphologic changes of these materials with different surface treatments. A total of 120 specimens, 60 of MTA Angelus (AMTA), and 60 of TheraCal LC, were prepared and divided into six subgroups according to the adhesive agent used; these agents included Scotchbond Multipurpose, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Protect Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond, OptiBond All‐in‐One, and G‐aenial Bond. After application of adhesive agents, Filtek Z250 composite resin was placed onto the specimens. Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine, followed by examination of the fractured surfaces. The surface changes of the specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were compared by two‐way analysis of variance. Although no significant differences were found among the bond strengths of different adhesives to AMTA (p = 0.69), a significant difference was found in terms of bond strengths of different adhesives to the TheraCal LC surface (p < 0.001). The total‐etch adhesive system more strongly bonded to TheraCal LC compared to the bond with other adhesives. TheraCal LC bonded significantly more strongly than AMTA regardless of the adhesive agents tested. Resin‐modified calcium silicate showed higher bond strength than AMTA in terms of the composite bond to these materials with different bonding systems. On the other hand, the highest shear bond‐strength values were found for composite bonds with the combination of TheraCal LC and the total‐etch adhesive system. SCANNING 38:403–411, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐performance materials in façade design
Authors: Göppert Knut , Paech Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractModern materials are used throughout large building envelopes of today’s and tomorrow’s architecture. Freedom in form combined with the growing selection of materials make this application very popular. Material properties are presented and discussed to allow the specialist engineer to make the right decision when consulting owners and architects. Basic considerations and requirements can take the form of a checklist to make sure that all involved in the design process have the full background and understanding of this process. The presented case studies show a variety of solutions, including some typical material combinations. Clients will be convinced by what they see, and the examples provide an opportunity to further develop the subject, starting from a good base and understanding. The examples cover all common materials and methods, including ETFE, glass‐PTFE, PVC polyester, glass‐PTFE mesh as well as multi‐layer insulated systems.
The design of tensile surface structures
Authors: Mollaert Marijke , De Laet Lars , Pyl Lincy , Devos Rika 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper summarizes the differences in the design approaches for tensile surface structures between the earliest structures in the 1950s and today’s practice. Current software tools allow more refined and advanced calculations. Nevertheless, a basic hand calculation can clarify the process in a few pages and provide the appropriate key data. A transparent setup allows the form‐finding and structural analysis to be redone. The calculation of the cable net for the bandstand by André Paduart (1958) is analysed in this paper as a case study. Both the hand calculation (19 pages) and the numerical simulation are summarized and the design context of the initial and current calculations are described. The approximations made by Paduart resulted in a remarkably intelligible and coherent evaluation of the cable net structure. The historical approach can still be applied for a first verification of a pretensioned cable net or for a membrane structure as the simplified calculation method is similar.
A new generation of temporary pavilions based on Tensairity girders
Authors: Beccarelli Paolo , Maffei Roberto , Galliot Cédric , Luchsinger Rolf H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed overview of the design and construction of a series of temporary pavilions based on the Tensairity® principle. The pavilions are currently used in the Superbike racing category (Ducati Superbike Team), for the Audi tron Sailing Series, the ISAF Sailing World Cup and for other temporary events (3KIT pavilion). The paper describes the Tensairity® principle, the architectural and structural design of the pavilions, the manufacturing of the components and the assembly of the Tensairity® roofs.
Inhibition of BCL‐2 leads to increased apoptosis and delayed neuronal differentiation in human ReNcell VM cells in vitro
Authors: Fröhlich Michael , Jaeger Alexandra , Weiss Dieter G. , Kriehuber Ralf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBCL‐2 is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle progression and neural developmental processes. Its function in the latter process is not well understood and needs further elucidation. Therefore, we characterized the protein expression kinetics of BCL‐2 and associated regulatory proteins of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway during the process of neuronal differentiation in ReNcell VM cells with and without functional inhibition of BCL‐2 by its competitive ligand HA14‐1.Inhibition of BCL‐2 caused a diminished BCL‐2 expression and higher levels of cleaved BAX, activated Caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP, all pro‐apoptotic markers, when compared with untreated differentiating cells. In parallel, flow cytometric analysis of HA14‐1‐treated cells revealed a delayed differentiation into HuC/D+ neuronal cells when compared to untreated differentiating cells.In conclusion, BCL‐2 possess a protective function in fully differentiated ReNcell VM cells. We propose that the pro‐survival signaling of BCL‐2 is closely connected with its stimulatory effects on neurogenesis of human neural progenitor cells.
Technical performance of a novel, fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the quantitation of β‐amyloid (1–42) in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Bittner Tobias , Zetterberg Henrik , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Ostlund Richard E. , Militello Michael , Andreasson Ulf , Hubeek Isabelle , Gibson David , Chu David C. , Eichenlaub Udo , Heiss Peter , Kobold Uwe , Leinenbach Andreas , Madin Kairat , Manuilova Ekaterina , Rabe Christina , Blennow Kaj 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionAvailable assays for quantitation of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker amyloid‐beta 1–42 (Aβ [1–42]) in cerebrospinal fluid demonstrate significant variability and lack of standardization to reference measurement procedures (RMPs). We report analytical performance data for the novel Elecsys β‐amyloid (1–42) assay (Roche Diagnostics).MethodsLot‐to‐lot comparability was tested using method comparison. Performance parameters were measured according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The assay was standardized to a Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) approved RMP.ResultsLimit of quantitation was <11.28 pg/mL, and the assay was linear throughout the measuring range (200–1700 pg/mL). Excellent lot‐to‐lot comparability was observed (correlation coefficients [Pearson's r] >0.995; bias in medical decision area <2%). Repeatability coefficients of variation (CVs) were 1.0%–1.6%, intermediate CVs were 1.9%–4.0%, and intermodule CVs were 1.1%–3.9%. Estimated total reproducibility was 2.0%–5.1%. Correlation with the RMP was good (Pearson's r, 0.93).DiscussionThe Elecsys β‐amyloid (1–42) assay has high analytical performance that may improve biomarker‐based AD diagnosis.
Dynamic Ultrasonography of the Deep External Rotator Musculature of the Hip: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Battaglia Patrick J. , Mattox Ross , Haun Daniel W. , Welk Aaron B. , Kettner Norman W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundNo detailed reports exist describing the methodology of ultrasound image acquisition of the deep external rotator muscles of the hip. Because gluteal pain and sciatica are common, ultrasound may be a useful dynamic imaging adjunct in the evaluation of these patients.ObjectiveTo describe dynamic ultrasonography of the deep external rotator muscles of the hip for diagnostic purposes.DesignDescriptive.SettingUniversity radiology department.ParticipantsParticipants (n = 25; 14 male) without gluteal pain or sciatica were enrolled (mean age 27.6 ± 4.7 years; mean body mass index 26.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2).MethodsUltrasonographic cine clips oriented to the long axis of each deep external rotator muscle were captured. In addition, cine clips of the piriformis tendon and obturator internus tendon were obtained. Cine clips were analyzed approximately 1 week after completion of image acquisition independently by 2 blinded raters.Main Outcome MeasuresA 5‐point Likert scale to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the ultrasound image.ResultsThe modal Likert scores for rater 1 were as follows: piriformis muscle = 4; piriformis tendon = 4; superior gemellus muscle = 3; obturator internus muscle = 4; obturator internus tendon = 4; inferior gemellus muscle = 4; quadratus femoris muscle = 4. The modal scores for rater 2 were: piriformis muscle = 4; piriformis tendon = 3; superior gemellus muscle = 4; obturator internus muscle = 3; obturator internus tendon = 4; inferior gemellus muscle = 3; quadratus femoris muscle = 4.ConclusionDynamic ultrasonography may be useful to image the hip deep external rotator musculature for diagnostic purposes and therefore aid in the evaluation of gluteal pain and sciatica. Future work should investigate the reliability and validity of ultrasonography in the evaluation of pathology of these muscles.
Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Vincent Peggy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event is considered one of the most dramatic environmental perturbations of the Mesozoic. An elevated extinction rate among marine invertebrates accompanied rapid environmental changes, but effects on large vertebrates are less understood. We examined changes in ichthyosaur body size in the Posidonia Shale of the Southwest German Basin spanning the extinction interval to assess how environmental changes and biotic crisis among prey species affected large reptiles. We report no species-level extinction among the ichthyosaurs coinciding with peak invertebrate extinction. Large ichthyosaurs were absent from the fauna during the extinction interval, but became more abundant in the immediate aftermath.Stenopterygius quadriscissus, the most abundant species during the extinction interval, increased in body size after the biotic event. Rapid invasion by large taxa occurred immediately following the extinction event at the end of the first ammonite zone of the early Toarcian. Greater mobility permitting exploitation of ephemeral resources and opportunistic feeding behavior may minimize the impacts of environmental change on large vertebrates.
The transition from No Net Loss to a Net Gain of biodiversity is far from trivial
Authors: Bull J.W. , Brownlie S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe objectives of No Net Loss and Net Gain have emerged as key principles in conservation policy. Both give rise to mechanisms by which certain unavoidable biodiversity losses associated with development are quantified, and compensated with comparable gains (e.g. habitat restoration). The former seeks a neutral outcome for biodiversity after losses and gains are accounted for, and the latter seeks an improved outcome. Policy-makers often assume that the transition from one to the other is straightforward and essentially a question of the amount of compensation provided. Consequently, companies increasingly favour Net Gain type commitments, and financial institutions make lending conditional on either objective, depending on the habitat involved. We contend, however, that achieving Net Gain is fundamentally different to achieving No Net Loss, and moving from one to the other is less trivial than is widely realized. Our contention is based on four arguments: (1) the two principles represent different underlying conservation philosophies; (2) ecological uncertainties make it difficult to know where the threshold between No Net Loss and Net Gain lies; (3) different frames of reference are more or less appropriate in evaluating the ecological outcomes, depending on the principle chosen; and (4) stakeholder expectations differ considerably under the two principles. In exploring these arguments we hope to support policy-makers in choosing the more appropriate of the two objectives. We suggest that financial institutions should provide greater clarity regarding the explicit requirements for each principle. We conclude by highlighting questions of relevance to this topic that would benefit from focused research.
Human impacts on two endemic cassowary species in Indonesian New Guinea
Authors: Brodie Jedediah F. , Pangau-Adam Margaretha 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCassowaries are important seed dispersers in tropical rainforests of New Guinea, but little is known about their population ecology or their responses to human disturbance. We used camera traps to measure the occurrence, local abundance, and activity patterns of northern cassowaries Casuarius unappendiculatus in lowland forests near Nimbokrang, Papua, and dwarf cassowaries Casuarius bennetti in the Arfak Mountains, West Papua. Our goals were to assess human impacts on cassowaries at multiple spatial scales and to measure their activity patterns over an elevational divide. At fine spatial scales local abundance of cassowaries was strongly reduced in areas frequented by humans. At larger spatial scales the distance to the nearest village or drivable road did not affect local abundance but altered the stage structure of the individuals detected, with a higher proportion of juveniles relative to adults. Local abundance of cassowaries was unrelated to site usage by introduced pigs. Both populations studied were strongly diurnal and their activity patterns were not significantly different. Efforts to control hunting remain critical to sustaining cassowaries and the seed dispersal services they provide.
Screening for Eruca genotypes tolerant to polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress based on the principal component and cluster analyses of seed germination and early seedling growth
Authors: Huang Banglian , Su Jianjie , Zhang Guangyu , Luo Xiaoqing , Wang Huan , Gao Yue , Ma Guilin , Wang Jingyu , Cai Detian , Zhang Xuekun , Huang Bangquan 
Published: November 2015

Water deficit is an environmental factor that constrains crops to express their ecophysiological potential and causes crop yield reduction. Eruca vesicaria has been reported to be one of the most drought-tolerant species in Cruciferae. In this study, polyethylene glycol-simulated drought tolerance was evaluated in one line of Brassica carinata, one line of Brassica napus and 249 Eruca lines based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair-group arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The PCA based on eight drought tolerance indices indicated that the first three components accounted for 85.46% of the total variation, with principal component (PC) 1 accounting for 43.89%, PC2 for 27.85% and PC3 for 13.73% of the total variation. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 9 and Eruca lines could be clustered into five major groups, with group 1 being, in general, drought sensitive, group 2 being slightly–medium drought tolerant, group 3 being drought tolerant, group 4 being highly drought sensitive and group 5 being highly drought tolerant. B. carinata cultivar XB1, as an outstander, showed high drought sensitivity. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram provides a good representation of the similarity matrix (r= 0.68). The drought-tolerant Eruca materials obtained in this study will be valuable for genetic improvement not only in Eruca itself, but also in Brassica crops since they are drought-tolerant lines from a drought-tolerant species.
The corrinoid cofactor of reductive dehalogenases affects dechlorination rates and extents in organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi
Authors: Yan Jun , Şimşir Burcu , Farmer Abigail T , Bi Meng , Yang Yi , Campagna Shawn R , Löffler Frank E 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Corrinoid auxotrophic organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) strains are keystone bacteria for reductive dechlorination of toxic and carcinogenic chloroorganic contaminants. We demonstrate that the lower base attached to the essential corrinoid cofactor of reductive dehalogenase (RDase) enzyme systems modulates dechlorination activity and affects the vinyl chloride (VC) RDases BvcA and VcrA differently. Amendment of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-cobamide (DMB-Cba) to Dhc strain BAV1 and strain GT cultures supported cis-1,2-dichloroethene-to-ethene reductive dechlorination at rates of 107.0 (±12.0) μm and 67.4 (±1.4) μm Cl− released per day, respectively. Strain BAV1, expressing the BvcA RDase, reductively dechlorinated VC to ethene, although at up to fivefold lower rates in cultures amended with cobamides carrying 5-methylbenzimidazole (5-MeBza), 5-methoxybenzimidazole (5-OMeBza) or benzimidazole (Bza) as the lower base. In contrast, strain GT harboring the VcrA RDase failed to grow and dechlorinate VC to ethene in medium amended with 5-OMeBza-Cba or Bza-Cba. The amendment with DMB to inactive strain GT cultures restored the VC-to-ethene-dechlorinating phenotype and intracellular DMB-Cba was produced, demonstrating cobamide uptake and remodeling. The distinct responses of Dhc strains with BvcA versus VcrA RDases to different cobamides implicate that the lower base exerts control over Dhc reductive dechlorination rates and extents (that is, detoxification), and therefore the dynamics of Dhc strains with discrete reductive dechlorination capabilities. These findings emphasize that the role of the corrinoid/lower base synthesizing community must be understood to predict strain-specific Dhc activity and achieve efficacious contaminated site cleanup.
Respiratory microbiota resistance and resilience to pulmonary exacerbation and subsequent antimicrobial intervention
Authors: Cuthbertson Leah , Rogers Geraint B , Walker Alan W , Oliver Anna , Green Laura E , Daniels Thomas W V , Carroll Mary P , Parkhill Julian , Bruce Kenneth D , van der Gast Christopher J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Pulmonary symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) begin in early life with chronic lung infections and concomitant airway inflammation leading to progressive loss of lung function. Gradual pulmonary function decline is interspersed with periods of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms known as CF pulmonary exacerbations (CFPEs). Cumulatively, CFPEs are associated with more rapid disease progression. In this study multiple sputum samples were collected from adult CF patients over the course of CFPEs to better understand how changes in microbiota are associated with CFPE onset and management. Data were divided into five clinical periods: pre-CFPE baseline, CFPE, antibiotic treatment, recovery, and post-CFPE baseline. Samples were treated with propidium monoazide prior to DNA extraction, to remove the impact of bacterial cell death artefacts following antibiotic treatment, and then characterised by 16S rRNA gene-targeted high-throughput sequencing. Partitioning CF microbiota into core and rare groups revealed compositional resistance to CFPE and resilience to antibiotics interventions. Mixed effects modelling of core microbiota members revealed no significant negative impact on the relative abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa across the exacerbation cycle. Our findings have implications for current CFPE management strategies, supporting reassessment of existing antimicrobial treatment regimens, as antimicrobial resistance by pathogens and other members of the microbiota may be significant contributing factors.
Two-dimensional slither swimming of sperm within a micrometre of a surface
Authors: Nosrati Reza , Driouchi Amine , Yip Christopher M. , Sinton David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSperm motion near surfaces plays a crucial role in fertilization, but the nature of this motion has not been resolved. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we selectively imaged motile human and bull sperm located within one micron of a surface, revealing a distinct two-dimensional (2D) ‘slither’ swimming mode whereby the full cell length (50–80 μm) is confined within 1 μm of a surface. This behaviour is distinct from bulk and near-wall swimming modes where the flagellar wave is helical and the head continuously rotates. The slither mode is intermittent (∼1 s, ∼70 μm), and in human sperm, is observed only for viscosities over 20 mPa·s. Bull sperm are slower in this surface-confined swimming mode, owing to a decrease in their flagellar wave amplitude. In contrast, human sperm are ∼50% faster—suggesting a strategy that is well suited to the highly viscous and confined lumen within the human fallopian tube.
miR-17-92 fine-tunes MYC expression and function to ensure optimal B cell lymphoma growth
Authors: Mihailovich Marija , Bremang Michael , Spadotto Valeria , Musiani Daniele , Vitale Elena , Varano Gabriele , Zambelli Federico , Mancuso Francesco M. , Cairns David A. , Pavesi Giulio , Casola Stefano , Bonaldi Tiziana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe synergism between c-MYC and miR-17-19b, a truncated version of the miR-17-92 cluster, is well-documented during tumor initiation. However, little is known about miR-17-19b function in established cancers. Here we investigate the role of miR-17-19b in c-MYC-driven lymphomas by integrating SILAC-based quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) analysis upon miR-17-19b overexpression. We identify over one hundred miR-17-19b targets, of which 40% are co-regulated by c-MYC. Downregulation of a new miR-17/20 target, checkpoint kinase 2 (Chek2), increases the recruitment of HuR to c-MYC transcripts, resulting in the inhibition of c-MYC translation and thus interfering with in vivo tumor growth. Hence, in established lymphomas, miR-17-19b fine-tunes c-MYC activity through a tight control of its function and expression, ultimately ensuring cancer cell homeostasis. Our data highlight the plasticity of miRNA function, reflecting changes in the mRNA landscape and 3′ UTR shortening at different stages of tumorigenesis.
The genomics of ecological vicariance in threespine stickleback fish
Authors: Roesti Marius , Kueng Benjamin , Moser Dario , Berner Daniel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPopulations occurring in similar habitats and displaying similar phenotypes are increasingly used to explore parallel evolution at the molecular level. This generally ignores the possibility that parallel evolution can be mimicked by the fragmentation of an ancestral population followed by genetic exchange with ecologically different populations. Here we demonstrate such an ecological vicariance scenario in multiple stream populations of threespine stickleback fish divergent from a single adjacent lake population. On the basis of demographic and population genomic analyses, we infer the initial spread of a stream-adapted ancestor followed by the emergence of a lake-adapted population, that selective sweeps have occurred mainly in the lake population, that adaptive lake–stream divergence is maintained in the face of gene flow from the lake into the streams, and that this divergence involves major inversion polymorphisms also important to marine-freshwater stickleback divergence. Overall, our study highlights the need for a robust understanding of the demographic and selective history in evolutionary investigations.