bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cognitive‐behavioral model of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Ishikawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study investigated a cognitive‐behavioral model of anxiety disorders in Japanese children and adolescents. Participants comprised 532 children from elementary schools and 751 adolescents from junior high schools as a community group, and 41 children and adolescents who fulfilled the criteria for childhood anxiety disorders as a clinical group. All participants completed three questionnaires about anxiety symptoms, self‐statements, and cognitive errors. While the clinical group showed more anxiety symptoms, negative self‐statements, and cognitive errors than the community group, there was no significant difference in positive self‐statements. Multigroup structural equation modeling found the presence of cognitive links for the community and clinical groups. Specifically, cognitive errors generated negative self‐statements, exacerbating a higher‐order factor (childhood anxiety) affecting six anxiety symptoms corresponding to the diagnostic criteria of psychological disorders. Mediated relationships were supported in only the community sample. Clinical implications for prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are discussed.
ATP and related purines stimulate motility, spatial congregation, and coalescence in red algal spores
Authors: Huidobro‐Toro Juan P. , Donoso Verónica , Flores Verónica , Santelices Bernabé 
Published: January 2015

Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is a versatile extracellular signal along the tree of life, whereas cAMP plays a major role in vertebrates as an intracellular messenger for hormones, transmitters, tastants, and odorants. Since red algal spore coalescence may be considered analogous to the congregation process of social amoeba, which is stimulated by cAMP, we ascertained whether exogenous applications of ATP, cAMP, adenine, or adenosine modified spore survival and motility, spore settlement and coalescence. Concentration‐response studies were performed with carpospores of Mazzaella laminarioides (Gigartinales), incubated with and without added purines. Stirring of algal blades released ADP/ATP to the cell media in a time‐dependent manner. 10–300 μM ATP significantly increased spore survival; however, 1,500 μM ATP, cAMP or adenine induced 100% mortality within less than 24 h; the exception was adenosine, which up to 3,000 μM, did not alter spore survival. ATP exposure elicited spore movement with speeds of 2.2–2.5 μm · s−1. 14 d after 1,000 μM ATP addition, spore abundance in the central zone of the plaques was increased 2.7‐fold as compared with parallel controls. Likewise, 1–10 μM cAMP or 30–100 μM adenine also increased central zone spore abundance, albeit these purines were less efficacious than ATP; adenosine up to 3,000 μM did not influence settlement. Moreover, 1,000 μM ATP markedly accelerated coalescence, the other purines caused a variable effect. We conclude that exogenous cAMP, adenine, but particularly ATP, markedly influence red algal spore physiology; effects are compatible with the expression of one or more membrane purinoceptor(s), discarding adenosine receptor participation.
The hidden complexity of multi‐species interactions
Authors: Roxburgh Stephen H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Michalet et al. used species removal experiments to detect direct and indirect species interactions in a sub‐alpine grassland. They found evidence for competition, facilitation and a range of indirect interactions at the species level, but no measurable effects when aggregated at the community level. Their results raise fundamental questions regarding the role and importance of indirect interactions in structuring ecological communities.
Temperature and sheltering determine patterns of seedling establishment in an advancing subtropical treeline
Authors: Greenwood Sarah , Chen Jan‐Chang , Chen Chaur‐Tzuhn , Jump Alistair S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractQuestionsAn advance of high‐altitude treelines has been reported in response to warming climate throughout the globe. Understanding local controls on the establishment of seedlings above the treeline is essential for predicting wider patterns of treeline response from a process‐based perspective. Here we investigate patterns of seedling establishment in relation to microsite conditions in an advancing treeline ecotone in the subtropics, using climate data recorded at the plant‐relevant scale. We sought to determine which temperature factors were of importance, if sheltering plays an important role in seedling establishment and if the response varied with seedling age.LocationThe Abies kawakamii treelines of the Central Mountain Range, Taiwan, 2800 to 3275 m a.s.l.MethodsSeedlings were monitored in plots covering a range of treeline structural forms over a period of 2 yrs. Temperatures were recorded at plant‐relevant height (5 cm) above ground and depth below ground with data loggers. Microtopographic sheltering (at a 10‐m scale) and surrounding vegetation were measured. The influence of the above variables on seedling number and growth was investigated using generalized linear models and linear mixed effect models, respectively.ResultsSoil temperatures had more influence on seedling number than air temperature, whilst air temperature was positively associated with subsequent seedling growth. Establishment patterns were found to have a strong relationship with microtopographic sheltering, with more sheltered areas having elevated seedling numbers. Early growth may have significant implications for subsequent plant performance since smaller seedlings were more sensitive to both temperature and microtopography than larger seedlings.ConclusionsAir and soil temperatures and microtopography determine spatial patterns of seedling establishment. Our results suggest that establishment above the treeline is likely to continue as the climate warms, although advance will not be spatially uniform due to the modifying influence of topography. This variability has important implications for the persistence and extinction of alpine plant communities occurring above treeline in topographically complex systems.
Role of HemF and HemN in the heme biosynthesis of Vibrio vulnificus under S‐adenosylmethionine‐limiting conditions
Authors: Kim Eui‐Jin , Oh Eun Kyoung , Lee Jeong K. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryVibrio vulnificus contains two coproporphyrinogen III oxidases (CPOs): O2‐dependent HemF and O2‐independent HemN. The growth of the hemF mutant HF1 was similar to wild‐type cells at pH 7.5 under 2% O2 conditions where HemN was active and had a half‐life of 64 min. However, HF1 did not grow when the medium pH decreased to pH 5.0, where oxidative stress affects endogenous S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels. The growth of HF1 was restored not only by elevating the expression of MnSOD but also through the exogenous addition of SAM. For HF1 to grow under these SAM‐limiting conditions, a mutation arose in hemN, encoding HemNY74F. Refolding of the denatured enzymes in vitro revealed that the apparent binding affinity of HemNY74F for the cofactor SAM1, which coordinates the 4Fe‐4S cluster, was approximately sixfold higher than that of HemN. The Km of HemNY74F for the co‐substrate SAM2, which provides radicals for CPO reactions, was threefold lower than that of HemN. Thus, affinities for both SAM1 and SAM2 were higher with the Y74F mutation. Taken together, when SAM is limiting, HemN is apparently nonfunctional, and heme synthesis is continued by HemF.
Weak peristalsis with large breaks in chronic cough: association with poor esophageal clearance
Authors: Almansa C. , Smith J. A. , Morris J. , Crowell M. D. , Valdramidou D. , Lee A. S. , DeVault K. R. , Houghton L. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux plays an important role in chronic cough (CC). Whether disturbed esophageal motility contributes to increased esophageal reflux exposure or interferes with swallowed bolus clearance is unclear. This study used high resolution esophageal manometry and impedance (HRIM) together with Chicago Classification, and 24‐h impedance pH (MII/pH) to address these questions in patients with CC compared with heartburn (HB).MethodsA retrospective review of 32 patients with CC (mean age 57 [95% CI: 52–62] years) and 32 patients with symptoms of HB (55 [52–62] years) referred for HRIM and MII/pH between September 2012 and September 2013 was undertaken.Key ResultsWeak peristalsis with large breaks (WPLBs) was observed in 34% of CC patients compared with only 12% of HB patients (p = 0.027). Pathological acid exposure time (AET) was identified in 81% of CC patients with WPLBs compared with 29% without (p = 0.011). Increased AET was associated with prolonged clearance time of refluxed events (p = 0.006) rather than increased number of events. AET correlated with the percentage of peristaltic events with large breaks in CC (ρ = 0.467, p = 0.007). Similar data were obtained for total bolus (acid and non‐acid) exposure time. Only one of the CC patients with WPLBs exhibited complete bolus transit (CBT) on swallowing compared with 81% without WPLBs (p < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of peristaltic events associated with CBT negatively correlated with the percentage of peristaltic events with large breaks (r = −0.653, p < 0.001) in CC.Conclusions & InferencesOne‐third of CC patients exhibit WPLBs, which directly impacts on clearance of refluxed events and bolus's swallowed. These observations may have important implications for esophageal‐bronchial interaction in CC.
Evolutionary Debunking of Moral Realism
Authors: Vavova Katia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEvolutionary debunking arguments move from a premise about the influence of evolutionary forces on our moral beliefs to a skeptical conclusion about those beliefs. My primary aim is to clarify this empirically grounded epistemological challenge. I begin by distinguishing among importantly different sorts of epistemological attacks. I then demonstrate that instances of each appear in the literature under the ‘evolutionary debunking’ title. Distinguishing them clears up some confusions and helps us better understand the structure and potential of evolutionary debunking arguments.
Salvianolic Acid B Protects Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts Against Ultraviolet B Irradiation‐Induced Photoaging Through Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase and Activator Protein‐1 Pathways
Authors: Sun Zhengwang , Park Sang‐Yong , Hwang Eunson , Zhang Mengyang , Jin Fengxie , Zhang Baochun , Yi Tae Hoo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractExposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and decreased collagen synthesis, leading to skin photoaging. Salvianolic acid B (SAB), a polyphenol, was extracted and purified from salvia miltiorrhiza. We assessed effects of SAB on UVB‐induced photoaging and investigated its molecular mechanism of action in UVB‐irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts. Our results show that SAB significantly inhibited the UVB‐induced expression of metalloproteinases‐1 (MMP‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) while promoting the production of type I procollagen and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1). Moreover, treatment with SAB in the range of 1–100 μg/mL significantly inhibited UVB‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylation, which resulted in decreasing UVB‐induced phosphorylation of c‐Fos and c‐Jun. These results indicate that SAB downregulates UV‐induced MMP‐1 expression by inhibiting Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) activation. Our results suggest a potential use for SAB in skin photoprotection.
Thalassiosira sundarbana sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an estuarine diatom from Sundarbans mangrove ecoregion based on morphology and molecular phylogeny
Authors: Samanta Brajogopal , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA new species of diatom, Thalassiosira sundarbana, is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy along with molecular phylogeny. The specimen was collected from Chemaguri creek of the Indian part of Sundarbans mangroves, and subsequently a clonal culture was established. Thalassiosira sundarbana possess variable numbers of occluded processes, and one labiate process on the valve face. Valve margin is ribbed and areolae are fasciculated on the valve face. Two rings of strutted processes are present on valve face. Strutted processes are also scattered on the valve face apart from the presence of two rings. Valvocopula and copula have rows of pore, and pleurae are hyaline. Bayesian analyses of nuclear encoded small subunit (SSU) rDNA and plastid encoded rbcL gene confirmed that T. sundarbana is phylogenetically novel. Salinity tolerance experiment with the clonal culture of T. sundarbana showed that this isolate can grow in salinity ranging from 10–35 psu. The maximum growth rate was observed in 15 psu salinity (0.5 divisions 24 h−1). On the basis of morphological features and molecular phylogeny, this clonal isolate is considered as a new estuarine species of Thalassiosira.
He Elationship Between Education and Fertility in the Presence of a Time Varying Frailty Component
Authors: Gottard Anna , Mattei Alessandra , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: January 2015

summaryThe paper investigates the relationship between fertility and women's education in Italy, using data from the 2009 Household Multipurpose Survey of Family and Social Subjects. We use event history models, adopting a Bayesian approach for inference to study the association between fertility and women's education in the presence of a time varying unobserved component. Our analysis shows that either disregarding the unobserved component or assuming a time constant unobserved heterogeneity can lead to misleading results, at least in the context studied.
Interactive effect of biochar size and organic amendments on methane consumption in a tropical vertisol
Authors: Kollah B. , Dubey G. , Parasai P. , Saha J. K. , Gangil S. , Mohanty S. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBiochar (BC) application to agricultural soil has been proposed as an effective countermeasure to mitigate climate change. A laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to gain insight into the effectiveness ofBCon methane (CH4) consumption in a tropical clayey vertisol. Except for the control treatment,BCof two different sizes (<0.25 or 0.25–2.00 mm) was mixed with vermicompost (VC), poultry manure (PM) or farmyard manure (FYM).BCand organic amendment were added to soil at 10% w/w and 80 kg N/ha, respectively.BCincreasedCH4consumption rate,k, in soil, irrespective of organic amendment type. TheCH4consumption potential of soil was greater with the smaller sizeBC(<0.25 mm). Of the three organic amendments,VCexhibited the highestk(0.105) followed byFYM(0.093) andPM(0.072).BC(<0.25 mm) + PMwas the most effective of the organic amendments in enhancingCH4consumption (k = 0.242). The lag phase varied between 7.3 day (control) and 1.0 day (soil + VC). Results revealed that there was a significant (P < 0.0001) effect of organic amendment andBConCH4consumption,CO2production and microbial abundance. CumulativeCO2production (mg/g soil) varied between 2.15 (control) and 8.77 (soil + PM + BC < 0.25 mm). Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlation betweenCH4consumption and methanotrophs abundance (P < 0.001). The study shows thatBCenhancedCH4consumption potential in agricultural land on a tropical vertisol, particularly using the smaller size (<0.25 mm), and could be an effective strategy to mitigate atmosphericCH4.
FCGR3B gene frequencies among ethnic Thai blood donors from a regional hospital in Eastern Thailand
Authors: Kongmaroeng C. , Kumkaen K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe FCGR3B gene encodes three human neutrophil antigens which consist of HNA‐1a, HNA‐1b, and HNA‐1c. These antigens are encoded by three alleles in the FCGR3B locus: FCGR3B*01, FCGR3B*02, and FCGR3B*03 alleles, respectively. The frequencies of FCGR3B alleles have been reported in different ethnic populations. This study compared the FCGR3B gene frequencies among 230 unrelated healthy Eastern Thai blood donors in Rayong hospital with the previously published studies. The polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primers method was performed to determine FCGR3B genotypes. The results showed that the allele frequencies of FCGR3B*01, FCGR3B*02, and FCGR3B*03 were 0.722, 0.274, and 0.009, respectively. The FCGR3B*01 and FCGR3B*02 frequencies found in the Eastern Thais were similar to the previous reports investigating in Northern Thais, Chinese Han, Taiwanese, and Japanese populations. Interestingly, our data showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) to Central Thais, Korean, Indian, Turkish, Australian, Tunisian, American, German, and Italian populations. In addition, one FCGR3Bnull, which represents a gene deletion, was also found in this study. This information is important not only for the assessment of neutrophil antibody‐mediated clinical conditions and for disease association studies but also for anthropological studies.
Polymorphisms of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐Cw and DRB1 antigens in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis and a comparison of clinical features with frequencies of HLA‐B*27
Authors: El Mouraghi I. , Ouarour A. , Ghozlani I. , Collantes E. , Solana R. , El Maghraoui A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is very often associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA), particularly HLA‐B*27. However, the strength of this association and clinical features may vary in different ethnic groups. Our study aims to assess the distribution of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐Cw and DRB1 alleles in Moroccan patients with AS and to compare the clinical features of AS and the frequencies of HLA‐B27 in patients from Morocco with other series. Seventy‐five patients diagnosed with AS and assessed for clinical manifestations were selected and compared to 100 healthy controls. HLA class I and II antigens were typed by polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific oligonucleotide. HLA‐B27 subtypes were studied by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence‐specific primers. HLA‐B27 was found in 64% of patients. It was positively associated with younger age at disease onset, family history, and uveitis while it had a negative association with late onset. Six B*27 subtypes were identified in the AS group. HLA‐B*2705 and B*2702 were the most common observed subtypes. Among other HLA genes, a significant increase in the prevalence of HLA‐Cw*02 and HLA‐DRB*15 was found in AS patients. HLA‐B27 is involved in the predisposition of AS in the Moroccan population. HLA‐B*2705 and B*2702 were the predominant subtypes supporting previous reports in Caucasian spondyloarthropathies. Other HLA genes, HLA‐Cw*02 and HLA‐DRB1*15, seem to confer predisposing effect to the disease. However, the lower frequency of HLA‐B27 compared to the literature in our study suggests the existence of different genetic and/or environmental factors in Morocco.
B‐cell biomarkers in transplantation – from genes to therapy
Authors: Banham G. D. , Clatworthy M. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn increased understanding of the mechanisms by which the immune system mounts a response to transplanted organs has allowed the development of immunosuppressive regimens that limit acute T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR). However, the treatment of acute and chronic antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplants remains sub‐optimal. The occurrence and severity of antibody‐mediated graft pathology are variable, and genetic polymorphisms that affect the magnitude and nature of the B‐cell response, as well as effector functions of antibody, are likely to contribute to such phenotypic variation. Here we review current efforts to understand and quantify the contribution of B cells to renal transplant pathology by studying variation in DNA, mRNA and proteins. Large genetic studies with information on B‐cell‐specific genetic variants are scarce. At a transcriptomic level, there is evidence that B cells are essential contributors to transplant tolerance and may protect against TCMR and ABMR. In contrast, at the protein level, the detection of donor‐specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and an assessment of their capacity to bind complement allow patients of high immunological risk to be identified. Other biomarkers, such as serum B‐cell‐activating factor (BAFF) or interleukin (IL)‐10‐producing B cells, may allow this risk stratification to be refined. An increased understanding of the significance of these biomarkers should allow a more accurate assessment of how an individual patient's B cells will impact allograft responses and thereby allow clinicians to adjust therapeutic strategies appropriately.
Export Survival in Global Production Chains
Authors: Córcoles David , Díaz‐Mora Carmen , Gandoy Rosario 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the survival capacity of trade relationships in cross‐border production chains. Our main contribution is to show that there are differences in the probability of export interruption between intermediate and final stages along the global value chain, finding a lower sensitivity of intermediate goods to the increasing competition from lower‐income countries. In addition, the paper also makes a methodological contribution by using time‐discrete duration models with product‐country random effects to control for unobservable heterogeneity and by including interactions in the model, in order to identify the sources of these differences. Our estimates show that variables such asEUmembership, export experience, product and market diversification, initial trade value, destination market size, geographical proximity and economic proximity reduce the likelihood of export failure more for intermediate than for final goods, being the differential impact particularly higher for the two first variables. These results would suggest that factors that reduce uncertainty and search costs and increase trust and reliability among production partners are particularly relevant for intermediate stages, fostering the probability of remaining an active member of global production chains.