bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical evidence for source–sink populations: a review on occurrence, assessments and implications
Authors: Furrer Roman D. , Pasinelli Gilberto 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAssessing the role of local populations in a landscape context has become increasingly important in the fields of conservation biology and ecology. A growing number of studies attempt to determine the source–sink status of local populations. As the source–sink concept is commonly used for management decisions in nature conservation, accurate assessment approaches are crucial. Based on a systematic literature review of studies published between 2002 and 2013, we evaluateda prioripredictions on methodological and biological factors that may influence the occurrence of source or sink populations. The review yielded 90 assessments from 73 publications that included qualitative and quantitative evidence for either source or sink population(s) for one or multiple species. Overall, sink populations tended to occur more often than source populations. Moreover, the occurrence of source or sink populations differed among taxonomic classes. Sinks were more often found than sources in mammals, while there was a non‐significant trend for the opposite to be true for amphibians. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the occurrence of sources was positively related to connectivity of local populations. Our review furthermore highlights that more than 25 years after Pulliam's widely cited publication on ‘sources, sinks, and population regulation’, in‐depth assessments of the source–sink status of populations based on combined consideration of demographic parameters such as fecundity, survival, emigration and immigration are still scarce. To increase our understanding of source–sink systems from ecological, evolutionary and conservation‐related perspectives, we recommend that forthcoming studies on source–sink dynamics should pay more attention to the study design (i.e. connectivity of study populations) and that the assessment of the source–sink status of local populations is based on λ values calculated from demographic rates.
EAO Supplement Working Group 4 – EAO CC 2015 Short implants versus sinus lifting with longer implants to restore the posterior maxilla: a systematic review
Authors: Thoma D. S. , Zeltner M. , Hüsler J. , Hämmerle C. H. F. , Jung R. E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare short implants in the posterior maxilla to longer implants placed after or simultaneously with sinus floor elevation procedures. The focused question was as follows: Are short implants superior to longer implants in the augmented sinus in terms of survival and complication rates of implants and reconstructions, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and costs?MethodsA MEDLINE search (1990–2014) was performed for randomized controlled clinical studies comparing short implants (≤8 mm) to longer implants (>8 mm) in augmented sinus. The search was complimented by an additional hand search of the selected papers and reviews published between 2011 and 2014. Eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and quality assessments were conducted. Descriptive statistics were applied for a number of outcome measures. Survival rates of dental implants were pooled simply in case of comparable studies.ResultsEight randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing short implants versus longer implants in the augmented sinus derived from an initial search count of 851 titles were selected and data extracted. In general, all studies were well conducted with a low risk of bias for the majority of the analyzed parameters. Based on the pooled analyses of longer follow‐ups (5 studies, 16–18 months), the survival rate of longer implants amounted to 99.5% (95% CI: 97.6–99.98%) and for shorter implants to 99.0% (95% CI: 96.4–99.8%). For shorter follow‐ups (3 studies, 8–9 months), the survival rates of longer implants are 100% (95% CI: 97.1–100%) and for shorter implants 98.2% (95% CI: 93.9–99.7%). Complications were predominantly of biological origin, mainly occurred intraoperatively as membrane perforations, and were almost three times as higher for longer implant in the augmented sinus compared to shorter implants. PROMs, morbidity, surgical time and costs were generally in favor of shorter dental implants. All studies were performed by surgeons in specialized clinical settings.ConclusionsThe outcomes of the survey analyses demonstrated predictably high implant survival rates for short implants and longer implants placed in augmented sinus and their respective reconstructions. Given the higher number of biological complications, increased morbidity, costs and surgical time of longer dental implants in the augmented sinus, shorter dental implants may represent the preferred treatment alternative.
Solving the Puzzle of Recruitment and Retention—Strategies for Building a Robust Clinical and Translational Research Workforce
Authors: Nearing Kathryn A. , Hunt Cerise , Presley Jessica H. , Nuechterlein Bridget M. , Moss Marc , Manson Spero M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper is the first in a five‐part series on the clinical and translational science educational pipeline and presents strategies to support recruitment and retention to create diverse pathways into clinical and translational research (CTR). The strategies address multiple levels or contexts of persistence decisions and include: (1) creating a seamless pipeline by forming strategic partnerships to achieve continuity of support for scholars and collective impact; (2) providing meaningful research opportunities to support identity formation as a scientist and sustain motivation to pursue and persist in CTR careers; (3) fostering an environment for effective mentorship and peer support to promote academic and social integration; (4) advocating for institutional policies to alleviate environmental pull factors; and, (5) supporting program evaluation—particularly, the examination of longitudinal outcomes. By combining institutional policies that promote a culture and climate for diversity with quality, evidence‐based programs and integrated networks of support, we can create the environment necessary for diverse scholars to progress successfully and efficiently through the pipeline to achieve National Institutes of Health's vision of a robust CTR workforce.
Altered lysosomal positioning affects lysosomal functions in a cellular model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Erie Christine , Sacino Matthew , Houle Lauren , Lu Michael L. , Wei Jianning 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin protein. Understanding the functions of normal and mutant huntingtin protein is the key to revealing the pathogenesis of HD and developing therapeutic targets. Huntingtin plays an important role in vesicular and organelle trafficking. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that integrate several degradative pathways and regulate the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the present study, we found that the perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes was increased in a cellular model of HD derived from HD knock‐in mice and primary fibroblasts from an HD patient. This perinuclear lysosomal accumulation could be reversed when normal huntingtin was overexpressed in HD cells. When we further investigated the functional significance of the increased perinuclear lysosomal accumulation in HD cells, we demonstrated that basal mTORC1 activity was increased in HD cells. In addition, autophagic influx was also increased in HD cells in response to serum deprivation, which leads to premature fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes. Taken together, our data suggest that the increased perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes may play an important role in HD pathogenesis by altering lysosomal‐dependent functions.
Structural studies of a thermophilic esterase from a new Planctomycetes species, Thermogutta terrifontis
Authors: Sayer Christopher , Isupov Michail N. , Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta , Littlechild Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2015

Thermogutta terrifontis esterase (TtEst), a carboxyl esterase identified in the novel thermophilic bacterium T. terrifontis from the phylum Planctomycetes, has been cloned and over‐expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme has been characterized biochemically and shown to have activity towards small p‐nitrophenyl (pNP) carboxylic esters, with optimal activity for pNP‐propionate. The enzyme retained 95% activity after incubation for 1 h at 80 °C. The crystal structures of the native TtEst and its complexes with the substrate analogue d‐malate and the product acetate have been determined to high resolution. The bound ligands have allowed the identification of the carboxyl and alcohol binding pockets in the enzyme active site. Comparison of TtEst with structurally related enzymes provides insight into how differences in their catalytic activity can be rationalized based upon the properties of the amino acid residues in their active site pockets. The mutant enzymes L37A and L251A have been constructed to extend the substrate range of TtEst towards the larger butyrate and valerate pNP‐esters. These mutant enzymes have also shown a significant increase in activity towards acetate and propionate pNP esters. A crystal structure of the L37A mutant was determined with the butyrate product bound in the carboxyl pocket of the active site. The mutant structure shows an expansion of the pocket that binds the substrate carboxyl group, which is consistent with the observed increase in activity towards pNP‐butyrate.DatabaseThe GenBank sequence accession number for the Thermogutta terrifontis esterase is KR002593. The protein structures for T. terrifontis esterase and their complexes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with codes: 4UHC (native), 4UHD (acetate bound), 4UHE (malate bound) and 4UHF (L37A mutant with butyrate bound).
Improved Recharge Estimation from Portable, Low‐Cost Weather Stations
Authors: Holländer Hartmut M. , Wang Zijian , Assefa Kibreab A. , Woodbury Allan D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGroundwater recharge estimation is a critical quantity for sustainable groundwater management. The feasibility and robustness of recharge estimation was evaluated using physical‐based modeling procedures, and data from a low‐cost weather station with remote sensor techniques in Southern Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. Recharge was determined using the Richards‐based vadose zone hydrological model, HYDRUS‐1D. The required meteorological data were recorded with a HOBOTM weather station for a short observation period (about 1 year) and an existing weather station (Abbotsford A) for long‐term study purpose (27 years). Undisturbed soil cores were taken at two locations in the vicinity of the HOBOTM weather station. The derived soil hydraulic parameters were used to characterize the soil in the numerical model. Model performance was evaluated using observed soil moisture and soil temperature data obtained from subsurface remote sensors. A rigorous sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the model. Recharge during the short observation period was estimated at 863 and 816 mm. The mean annual recharge was estimated at 848 and 859 mm/year based on a time series of 27 years. The relative ratio of annual recharge‐precipitation varied from 43% to 69%. From a monthly recharge perspective, the majority (80%) of recharge due to precipitation occurred during the hydrologic winter period. The comparison of the recharge estimates with other studies indicates a good agreement. Furthermore, this method is able to predict transient recharge estimates, and can provide a reasonable tool for estimates on nutrient leaching that is often controlled by strong precipitation events and rapid infiltration of water and nitrate into the soil.
Bilateral quadriceps and triceps tendon rupture in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Taşoğlu Özlem , Ekiz Timur , Yenigün Didem , Akyüz Müfit , Özgirgin Neşe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper presented a 58‐year‐old hemodialysis patient who had bilateral quadriceps and triceps tendon rupture, whereby the role of rehabilitation in functional parameters has been highlighted.
Clinical Features of Community‐Acquired Helicobacter cinaedi Bacteremia
Authors: Uwamino Yoshifumi , Muranaka Kiyoharu , Hase Ryota , Otsuka Yoshihito , Hosokawa Naoto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are growing numbers of reports concerning the clinical and pathological features of Helicobacter cinaedi (H. cinaedi) bacteremia; however, few reports have discussed the features of this condition in healthy individuals.Patients and MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted at a Japanese tertiary care hospital to assess the clinical features of community‐acquired H. cinaedi. All patients in whom H. cinaedi was isolated between January 2009 and March 2014 were identified from the hospital database.ResultsOf the 28 patients included in the study, 12 had community‐acquired H. cinaedi bacteremia. The most common clinical feature was cellulitis (n = 17). However, nearly half of the patients with healthcare‐associated or nosocomial‐associated bacteremia displayed no symptoms with the exception of fever. Most patients were successfully treated with a 14‐day regime of third‐generation cephalosporins or tetracycline.ConclusionsOur results show that H. cinaedi infections are quite common in immunocompetent community‐dwelling individuals.
Emerging Role of Probiotics in the Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Histopathologic Perspectives
Authors: Emara Mohamed H. , Elhawari Soha A. , Yousef Salem , Radwan Mohamed I. , Abdel‐Aziz Hesham R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that emphasizes the efficacy of probiotics in the management of Helicobacter (H) pylori infection; it increased the eradication rate, improved patient clinical manifestations and lowered treatment associated side effects.AimIn this review we documented the potential ability of probiotics to ameliorate H. pylori induced histological features.Materials and MethodsWe searched the available literature for full length articles focusing the role of probiotics on H. pylori induced gastritis from histologic perspectives.ResultsProbiotics lowered H. pylori density at the luminal side of epithelium, improved histological inflammatory and activity scores both in the gastric corpus and antrum. This effect persists for long period of time after discontinuation of probiotic supplementation and this is probably through an immune mechanism.ConclusionsThe current evidence support the promising role of probiotics in improving H. pylori induced histopathological features both in gastric antrum and corpus and for long periods of time. Because increased density of H. pylori on the gastric mucosa is linked to more severe gastritis and increased incidence of peptic ulcers, we can infer that a reduction of the density might help to decrease the risk of developing pathologies, probably the progression toward atrophic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. These effects together with improving the H. pylori eradication rates and amelioration of treatment related side effects might open the door for probiotics to be added to H. pylori eradication regimens.
Apical periodontitis and incident cardiovascular events in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Gomes M. S. , Hugo F. N. , Hilgert J. B. , Sant'Ana Filho M. , Padilha D. M. P. , Simonsick E. M. , Ferrucci L. , Reynolds M. A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), root canal treatment (RCT) and endodontic burden (EB) – as the sum of AP and RCT sites – were associated with long‐term risk of incident cardiovascular events (CVE), including cardiovascular‐related mortality, using data on participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing (BLSA).MethodologyThis retrospective cohort included 278 dentate participants in the BLSA with complete medical and dental examinations. Periodontal disease (PD) and missing teeth were recorded. The total number of AP and RCT sites was determined from panoramic radiographs. EB was calculated as the sum of AP and RCT sites. Oral inflammatory burden (OIB) was calculated combining PD and EB. The main outcome was incident CVE including angina, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular‐related death. Participants were monitored for up to 44 years (mean = 17.4± 11.1 years) following dental examination. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated through Poisson regression models, estimating the relationship between AP, RCT, EB, PD, OIB and incident CVE.ResultsMean age at baseline was 55.0 ±16.8 years and 51.4% were men. Sixty‐two participants (22.3%) developed CVE. Bivariate analysis showed that PD, EB, number of teeth and OIB were associated with incident CVE. Multivariate models, adjusted for socio‐demographic and medical variables, showed that age ≥60 years (RR = 3.07, 95% CI =1.68–5.62), hypertension (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.16–3.46) and EB ≥3 (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04–3.02) were independently associated with incident CVE. The association between OIB and incident CVE was reduced to nonsignificance after adjustments (RR = 1.97, 95% CI = 0.83–4.70).ConclusionsEB in midlife was an independent predictor of CVE amongst community‐dwelling participants in the BLSA. Prospective studies are required to evaluate cardiovascular risk reduction with the treatment of AP.
Variations in cyclic fatigue resistance among ProTaper Gold, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal instruments at different levels
Authors: Uygun A. D. , Kol E. , Topcu M. K. C. , Seckin F. , Ersoy I. , Tanriver M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialities, Tulsa, OK, USA), ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialities) and ProTaper Universal (PTU, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialities) instruments at different levels.MethodologyA total of 72 files were used to evaluate the cyclic fatigue of PTU (F2), PTN (X2) and PTG (F2) at 5 mm (n = 12) and 8 mm (n = 12) from the tip in 3‐mm‐radius steel canals with a 60° angle of curvature. The time to fracture was recorded. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the samples distribution, and the statistical analysis was performed using the independent sample t‐test (P < 0.01).ResultsSignificant differences were found amongst the instruments 5 mm from the tip (P < 0.01). The PTG files had the highest CF resistance, and the PTN files displayed greater CF resistance than the PTU files. No significant differences were found between the PTG and PTN files 8 mm from the tip (P > 0.01). The PTG and PTN files demonstrated greater CF resistance than the PTU files (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe PTG instruments were the most resistant 5 and 8 mm from the tip; however, at 8 mm, there was no difference between the PTG and PTN instruments. The PTU files had the lowest CF resistance at all levels.
Study of the relationship between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and Ki‐67 and basement membrane and extracellular matrix protein expression in radicular cysts
Authors: Mourão R. V. C. , Júnior E. C. Pinheiro , Barros Silva P. G. , Turatti E. , Mota M. R. L. , Alves A. P. N. N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of a proliferative immunomarker (Ki‐67) as well as to evaluate basement membrane and extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and collagen type IV) in radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts (DC).MethodologyImmunohistochemical analyses were performed in heavily inflamed radicular cysts (HIRC), slightly inflamed radicular cysts (SIRC) and DC (n = 20) using Ki‐67 (Dako®, 1 : 50), anticollagen type IV (DBS®, 1 : 40) and antilaminin (DBS®, 1 : 20). The data were analysed using anova/Tukey's test (Ki‐67) and Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn's test (collagen type IV and laminin) (P < 0.05).ResultsThe immunoexpression of Ki‐67 was significantly greater in the SIRC group compared with the HIRC and DC (P = 0.0040). Likewise, the immunoexpression of collagen type IV in the basement membrane of the SIRC group was significantly more continuous (P = 0.0475) than in the HIRC group. DC had significantly less collagen type IV in extracellular matrix immunoexpression than HIRC and SIRC (P = 0.0246). Laminin was absent in the basement membrane in the SIRC and DC groups, and the extracellular matrix of the HIRC was weak and punctate.ConclusionThe presence of inflammatory factors in the radicular cyst wall modified the expression of proliferation factors in the epithelial lining and the expression of collagen type IV and laminin in the basement membrane, but did not modify extracellular matrix behaviour in radicular cysts.
Autovalidation rates in an outpatient coagulation laboratory
Authors: Froom P. , Saffuri‐Elias E. , Barak M. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIntroductionTo determine the rates of autovalidation in our outpatient coagulation laboratory.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all coagulation tests analyzed during the month of January 2014 from our laboratory information system (LIS) (N = 16 116), from around 800 000 active members of Clalit Health Services (a health maintenance organization). The integrated system includes a single centrifugation of all collection tubes, analyzers that rerun or reflex tests according to the test results, and a laboratory information system that sends orders to the analyzer, autovalidates test results, and automatically sends critical value results to a list for immediate physician communication. Reasons for technician validation are tests rerun for confirmation or because of analyzer errors and test results that require reflex testing. All other test results are sent automatically to the laboratory information system without the need for technician review.ResultsThere were 362 test results with analyzer errors, 91 results rerun for confirmation (thrombophilia test results outside the reference interval), and 50 tests with mixing studies and reflex testing for factor XI activity levels (total = 3.1%, 503/16116), resulting in an autovalidation rate of 96.9% (95% confidence interval – 96.6–97.2%).ConclusionsWe conclude that an integrated system can result in a high autovalidation rate in a high‐volume outpatient coagulation laboratory.
Understanding Presidential Failure in South America
Authors: Edwards Margaret E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article examines the issue of presidential failure in South America by evaluating the multiple factors that create risk of resignation, removal, or impeachment of presidents. The study draws on various economic variables that have not been thoroughly investigated in the past and uses survival analysis to identify what factors are influential. In performing this testing, the importance of variables such as civil protest, executive wrongdoing, and specific measures of economic hardship—inflation and prolonged recession—becomes clear. Majority legislative support also remains significant, supporting early arguments about the influence of presidential institutions. This investigation provides a unique perspective on presidential survival while evaluating the importance of previously excluded variables in a comprehensive manner.