bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of MRI as a Technique for Hydrophilic Polymer Swelling Characterization
Authors: Gajdošová Michaela , Sarvašová Nina , Pěček Daniel , Štěpánek František 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mainly the direct visualization of the physico-chemical processes occurring during the polymer dissolution in real time. Nowadays, polymeric matrices as a means to control the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are widely used. Hence it seems necessary to describe the polymer swelling and find the relationship between the type of used polymer and the dissolution profile of API.The aim of our research was to monitor the dissolution kinetics of polymeric matrices with the different ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic components utilizing MRI technology. For this purpose, six different matrices were prepared. For the dissolution experiments in MRI magnet, plastic flow through cell and tablet holder were designed and manufactured using a 3-D printer. The experiments were performed under specific conditions i.e. phosphate buffer saline pH 6 as a medium, medium temperature - 37°C, the flow rate of medium - 4 ml/min, the time of experiment - 8 hours. To improve the visibility of the erosion front, composite magnetic nanoparticles SiO2/FeOx as a MRI contrast agent were used. Each matrix was measured three times and the thickness of gel layer was evaluated in three different regions. Results from MRI experiments were compared to the results obtained by utilizing the texture analyzer, and then the relationship between polymer swelling and drug release was evaluated.To sum up, MRI turned out to be a suitable imaging method for polymer swelling quantification. For the future measurements, the effect of different additives on the polymer swelling kinetics will be evaluated. The results from the whole research should lead to the database of matrix components and conditions of technological processes and their effects on the dissolution profile of API, thus simplifying the formulation of dosage forms with the desired drug release.
The Effect of Cleft Size in Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate on Mixed Dentition Dental Arch Relationship
Authors: Russell Lisa M. , Long Ross E. , Romberg Elaine 
Published: February 2015

Objective To determine the relationship between infant cleft size and dental arch relationship in the mixed dentition in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective analysis of mixed longitudinal records. Patients A total of 29 consecutively enrolled patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate participated in a longitudinal study that included dental casts prior to lip surgery (T1: age 1 month), prior to palate surgery (T2: age 10 months), and in mixed dentition (T3: age 9 years). Interventions All infants were managed with lip repair (2.5 months), hard palate repair (12 months), and soft palate repair (16 months) but without any presurgical orthopedic treatment and no orthodontic intervention prior to mixed dentition records. Main Outcome Measures The outcome measures included determination of an infant cleft severity ratio, defined as the ratio of palatal cleft area to palatal surface area, at both T1 and T2, and the 9-year-old (T3) dental arch relationship as determined using the GOSLON Yardstick. The correlation between the infant cleft severity ratio at T1 and T2 and the later GOSLON Yardstick score at T3 was determined using Pearson r. The intrarater reliability of the infant cleft severity ratio was assessed with Pearson r and the interrater reliability of the GOSLON Yardstick ratings, by weighted kappa. Results Reliability for the infant cleft severity ratio method was r = .92 to .95, and for GOSLON ratings κ = .81 to .91. There was no significant correlation between 1-month infant cleft severity ratio and GOSLON ( r = .3) and 10-month infant cleft severity ratio and GOSLON ( r = .1). Conclusions Cleft size versus the amount of palatal tissue available for repair and concern over more scarring with a greater infant cleft severity ratio were not factors in affecting the eventual dental arch relationship.
Investigating Trans People’s Vulnerabilities to Intimate Partner Violence/Abuse
Authors: Walker Julia K. 
Published: February 2015

Traditionally recognized as “violence against women,” the research literature on intimate partner violence/abuse (IPV/A; also known asdomestic violence) continually neglects to incorporate subculture populations that do not fit societal understanding of typical victim/offender roles. More than 4 decades of research has expanded our knowledge of IPV/A in Western and developing countries across race, ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status. However, identifying the prevalence of IPV/A across all manner of relationships has been difficult. In particular, IPV/A within the transgender population has remained practically invisible. Although frequently recognized as an appendage of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations, trans people are often overlooked in research because of their invisibility within society. Research that does exist is rarely generalizable because of sample size and selection. Therefore, research is required to assess how trans people are affected by IPV/A, what they understand IPV/A to be, what needs are trans-specific, and what help-seeking barriers exist.An analysis of the literature pertaining to trans people regarding IPV/A and other violence, health, and public relations as well as experiences with law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and judiciary in an attempt to identify any issues that could be relevant to trans people experiencing IPV/A is presented. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Ultrasonographic Tendon Alteration in Relation to Parathyroid Dysfunction in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hussein Dahlia A. , El-Azizi Noran O. , Meged Ali H. Abdel , Al-Hoseiny Sameh A. , Hamada Abdelhady M. , Sabry Moshira H. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo find the nature of tendon involvement in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on regular hemodialysis (RD), and its relationship to parathyroid hormone (PTH) level using ultrasonography (US).MethodA total of 50 CKD patients on RD subjected to musculoskeletal examination of knee and ankle, laboratory evaluation, and US of quadriceps tendon and Achilles tendon were involved.ResultsAnkle joint tenderness was the most frequent sign on examination. US of the Achilles tendons showed tenderness during probing in 44% patients, calcific deposition in 24% patients, abnormal peritendon tissue in 20% patients, and abnormal anteroposterior (A-P) middle and distal one-third thicknesses of the Achilles tendon in 20% and 18% patients, respectively. PTH positively correlated with the duration of dialysis, serum phosphorus level, presence of calcific deposit, and increased thickness of the Achilles tendon.ConclusionThe most common ultrasonographic finding in CKD patients on RD was Achilles tendon tenderness during probing. PTH level positively correlated with the duration of dialysis, presence of calcific deposit, and increased thickness of Achilles tendon.
Chirurgie métabolique : faut-il opérer les diabétiques de type 2 avec IMC < 35 kg/m 2 ?
Authors: Darmon Patrice 
Published: February 2015

La chirurgie bariatrique est normalement réservée aux patients présentant un IMC ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ou ≥ 35 kg/m 2 avec des comorbidités susceptibles d’être améliorées par la perte de poids. Les résultats remarquables sur l’évolution du diabète de type 2 (55 % à 95 % de rémission) ont fait progressivement évoluer la vision purement « bariatrique » de cette chirurgie (objectif : perte de poids) vers une vision plus « métabolique » (objectif : rémission du diabète). Il est ainsi légitime de s’interroger sur le bien-fondé de proposer une intervention à des patients diabétiques de type 2 présentant une obésité de grade 1 (IMC 30-35 kg/m 2 ) lorsque leur diabète est mal équilibré malgré une observance diététique et thérapeutique satisfaisantes. Le rapport bénéfice/risque de cette chirurgie chez les patients DT2 avec IMC < 35 kg/m 2 reste toutefois à déterminer ; en l’absence d’études randomisées menées spécifiquement dans cette population, les sociétés savantes restent prudentes sur le sujet, à l’exception de la Fédération Internationale du Diabète qui, depuis 2011, reconnaît la chirurgie métabolique comme une option thérapeutique chez les patients présentant un IMC entre 30 et 35 kg/m 2 et restant mal équilibrés (HbAlc > 7,5 %) malgré un traitement médical optimisé. Cette position se base sur l’analyse d’études d’observation illustrant l’efficacité du traitement chirurgical de l’obésité sur l’équilibre glycémique et la rémission du DT2 dans cette population particulière, avec un taux de décès et de complications postopératoires similaires à ceux retrouvés habituellement. Pour autant, seules des études randomisées menées spécifiquement chez ces patients avec un suivi à long terme, versus une prise en charge basée sur des modifications intensives du mode de vie et/ou des traitements « modernes » comme les agonistes des récepteurs du GLP-1, évaluant également le risque de complications, l’impact sur la qualité de vie et les conséquences socio-économiques, nous permettront d’identifier la place réelle de la chirurgie métabolique dans la stratégie thérapeutique du DT2 chez les patients avec IMC < 35 kg/m 2 .
Mobile phone use among Medical Reserve Corps coordinators and volunteers: An exploratory study
Authors: Scheller, MPA Amy , Peck, MPH Megan , Olson, DNP, MPH, FAAOHN Debra K. 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To better understand how mobile phones can be used during emergency response, this study identifies a) current mobile phone use among Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) volunteers and coordinators in their daily lives and during response; b) challenges for mobile phone use during response; and c) areas for capacity building. Design: In 2012, 459 MRC volunteers and coordinators responded to a 35-question survey conducted online through SurveyMonkey. Respondents were asked how they use their mobile phones in their daily lives and during response, and how they would like to use them during response. Frequencies were calculated using SurveyMonkey and Excel.Main outcome measures: Respondents reported frequent and varied mobile phone use in their daily lives, with 99 percent of respondents owning a phone, 82 percent texting, and 87 percent of smartphone owners using apps. Although 80 percent of respondents who had been deployed used mobile phones during response, use of sophisticated mobile phone features was low; only 10 percent accessed emergency preparedness apps and 23 percent browsed the Internet for emergency response information. Respondents indicated a desire to use more features during response, such as emergency preparedness apps (72 percent) and e-mail to send or receive response instructions (80 percent). Conclusion: Results indicate that given access to mobile technology and training, emergency responders would like to increase their mobile phone use during response. Implications of these findings show a need for organizations to improve their support of mobile phone use.
Relational Aspects of Embryology in Islamic Bioethics
Authors: Eich Thomas 
Published: February 2015

In this paper I argue that many pillars of embryological models based on Qur’an and Hadith took several centuries in Islamic History to develop. This relates to two aspects: a) which passages were linked to each other in order to derive the model and b) the ways how these passages were interpreted. The ensuing discussions lasted well into the 15th or 16th century the least. This is important to keep in mind when we look at contemporary debates in Islamic bioethics relating to the beginnings of human life. In these debates “Qur’anic embryology” is often portrayed as something that can be derived from foundational texts without any ambiguity. In addition I caution to read the discussions about embryological concepts based on Qur’an and Hadith in a simple “science vs. / and religion” binary. Rather I try to point out that several sorts of discussions can be detected in the sources. First, a discussion which I would label as “intra-hadith” which aimed at solving perceived tensions between statements made in different hadiths. This hermeneutical exercise largely aimed at showing the inherent consistency of hadiths included in the collections of the 9th century which eventually gained canonical status. Therefore the discussions about embryological developments as portrayed in different hadiths were to a certain extent linked to the larger movement of canonizing certain hadith collections. Second, there were discussions which aimed at solving perceived tensions between hadith statements and legal axioms. The third form of discussion evolved out of hadith and concepts of Greek antiquity.I argue that one major topical issue under discussion were two competing models how the embryo developed: a static, fixed model and a relational model. The question was whether all embryos develop according to the same scheme or whether this development can vary individually. This issue could be linked to all three forms of discussions mentioned above, i.e. it was not necessarily linked only to the third and therefore the outcome of the meeting of two different systems of knowledge with entirely different forms of authorization such as “science vs. / and religion” or “Greek antiquity’s medical knowledge vs. /and hadith / Qur’an concept”. In addition it can be shown how the way reference is being made to medical knowledge in certain sources of the 15th and 16th centuries is an example of religious scholars mustering the authority of the medical field in order to bolster their arguments. This shows that such reference is far from exclusive for the modern or contemporary period where it is very common, although the difference of social context should not be glossed over.On a final note I reflect on the implicitly normative aspects of functionalist framings of traditional legal concepts relating to embryological developments.
A cyber-physical algorithm for selecting a prevalent element from big data streams
Authors: Alhudhaif Adi , Yan Tong , Berkovich Simon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe paper presents a new algorithm for processing big data streams, which mimics the surmised physical design in the brain. The algorithm is very suitable for extracting prevalent information items, even at rather low frequencies of about several percents. The developing data driven process can be used to effectually realize various types of large-scale computational intelligence operations.
Diverse Workforce Supported Through ‘Transformational Leadership’ Ensures Higher Operational Responsiveness
Authors: Kazmi Syeda Asiya Zenab , Naarananoja Marja , Takala Josu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe study provides basis to measure ‘learning effectiveness’ through directional‘ leadership Management Options’ (i.e. Controlling Management, Passive Management and Transformational Leadership) in teams reflecting ‘Individual Differences’ to ensure organizational competitiveness. The study results confirmed that Transformational leadership provides strong basis for gaining and displaying exceedingly higher performance levels by even the ordinary team performers marked by ’‘Individual Differences’ phenomenon among the organizational human resource clusters.
Site amplification, attenuation, and scattering from noise correlation amplitudes across a dense array in Long Beach, CA
Authors: Bowden D. C. , Tsai V. C. , Lin F. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFor accurate seismic hazard evaluation, both the spatial and frequency‐dependent variabilities in the amplitudes of earthquake ground motions are needed. While this information is rarely fully available due to the paucity of relevant seismic data, dense arrays like the 5200‐geophone array in Long Beach, California provide the opportunity to study this amplitude variability. Here we show that ambient noise correlation amplitudes from the Long Beach array can be used to directly determine frequency‐dependent site amplification factors. We analyze Rayleigh‐wavefield amplitude gradients from ambient noise correlations that are processed so that relative amplitudes satisfy the wave equation and are therefore meaningful. Ultimately, we construct maps of site amplification across Long Beach at frequencies of 0.67, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz. These maps correlate well with local structure, notably the Newport‐Inglewood Fault and also to known velocity structure. Through this process, we also obtain constraints on average attenuation structure and local scattering.
Evidence of nonlinear interaction between quasi 2 day wave and quasi‐stationary wave
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Liu Han‐Li , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Wu Qian , Russell James M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe nonlinear interaction between the westward quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) with zonal wave number s = 3 (W3) and stationary planetary wave with s = 1 (SPW1) is first investigated using both Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Mesosphere Electric Dynamics (TIMED) satellite observations and the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) simulations. A QTDW with westward s = 2 (W2) is identified in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region in TIMED/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature and TIMED/TIMED Doppler Imager (TIDI) wind observations during 2011/2012 austral summer period, which coincides with a strong SPW1 episode at high latitude of the northern winter hemisphere. The temperature perturbation of W2 QTDW reaches a maximum amplitude of ~8 K at ~30°S and ~88 km in the Southern Hemisphere, with a smaller amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere at similar latitude and minimum amplitude at the equator. The maximum meridional wind amplitude of the W2 QTDW is observed to be ~40 m/s at 95 km in the equatorial region. The TIME‐GCM is utilized to simulate the nonlinear interactions between W3 QTDW and SPW1 by specifying both W3 QTDW and SPW1 perturbations at the lower model boundary. The model results show a clear W2 QTDW signature in the MLT region, which agrees well with the TIMED/SABER temperature and TIMED/TIDI horizontal wind observations. We conclude that the W2 QTDW during the 2011/2012 austral summer period results from the nonlinear interaction between W3 QTDW and SPW1.
Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols via the Cascade Reactions of Allenic Ketones with β‐Diketones
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Yan Meng , He Yan , Shen Nana , Zhang Xinying 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a selective and versatile synthesis of functionalized phenols including 2‐hydroxyaryl ketones through cascade reactions of 1,2‐allenic ketones with β‐diketones has been developed. The synthetic procedure is not only efficient, but also easy to handle and compatible with a variety of functional groups. In addition, reactions were combined with a subsequent condensation of the in‐situ‐formed o‐hydroxyaryl ketones with an α‐bromoketone, thus resulting in a highly simple synthesis of benzofuran derivatives.
Engineering the Active Site of the Amine Transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl–Alkyl Amines and Amino Alcohols
Authors: Nobili Alberto , Steffen‐Munsberg Fabian , Kohls Hannes , Trentin Ivan , Schulzke Carola , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlthough the amine transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis has often been applied as a catalyst for the biocatalytic preparation of various chiral primary amines, it is not suitable for the transamination of α‐hydroxy ketones and aryl‐alkyl ketones bearing an alkyl substituent larger than a methyl group. We addressed this problem through a systematic mutagenesis study of active site residues to expand its substrate scope towards two bulky ketones. We identified two mutants (F85L/V153A and Y150F/V153A) showing 30‐fold increased activity in the conversion of (S)‐phenylbutylamine and (R)‐phenylglycinol, respectively. Notably, they facilitated asymmetric synthesis of these amines with excellent enantiomeric purities of 98 % ee.
The Obesity Paradox in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Konigstein Maayan , Havakuk Ofer , Arbel Yaron , Finkelstein Ariel , Ben‐Assa Eyal , Leshem Rubinow Eran , Abramowitz Yigal , Keren Gad , Banai Shmuel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A considerable number of studies, however, showed better outcomes for overweight patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions—the so called obesity paradox.HypothesisIncreased body mass index (BMI) is independently associated with improved survival following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodsWe analyzed the data of 409 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI in our medical center. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to BMI: underweight (≤18.4 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Procedure‐related complications were recorded, as well as 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause mortality rates.ResultsObese patients had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and higher incidence of vascular complications compared with the normal‐weight patients (16% vs 7%, P = 0.013). Nevertheless, 30‐day mortality was similar among the groups, whereas 1‐year mortality was lower among the overweight and obese patients (BMI >25) (P = 0.038). After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, increase in BMI was found to be independently associated with improved survival following TAVI (hazard ratio: 0.94, confidence interval: 0.89‐0.99, P = 0.043).ConclusionsIn our single‐center study, obesity and overweight were independently associated with better outcome, supporting the obesity paradox in the TAVI population.
Potential‐Resolved Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for the Selective Detection of Multiple Luminophores
Authors: Doeven Egan H. , Barbante Gregory J. , Hogan Conor F. , Francis Paul S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is fundamentally dependent on the applied electrode potential, and measuring ECL intensity over a range of different potentials is commonly used to examine the underlying chemical reaction pathways responsible for the emission of light. Several research groups have now demonstrated that the applied potential can be exploited to selectively elicit ECL from: 1) multiple excited states within a single chemical species; 2) multiple emitters sharing a common co‐reactant; or 3) distinct ECL systems. This new generation of multiplexed ECL processes has been facilitated by the extensive development of novel electrochemiluminophores and instrumental approaches such as the near‐continuous collection of ECL spectra with CCD detectors during voltammetry or chronoamperometry experiments.
Rapid detection of t(15;17)(q24;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukaemia by microwave‐assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Soriani Silvia , Mura Cinzia , Panico Anna Rita , Scarpa Anna Maria , Recchimuzzo Patrizia , Dadati Raffaella , Farioli Renata , De Canal Gabriella , Mura Maria Angela , Cesana Clara 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the rearrangement of the PML and RARα genes, mostly due to a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21). A quick APL diagnosis is essential for starting a prompt suitable therapy. We describe a new rapid diagnostic laboratory approach to detect the PML‐RARα rearrangement, which gives clear genetic results within 30 min of hybridization. It combines quick cell harvesting, fluorescence in situ hybridization performed with commercial DNA probe and microwave beams supplied by a domestic microwave oven. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.