bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Poverty, and Debt-Related Driver’s License Suspensions
Authors: Mikelbank Brian A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost driver’s license suspensions in the State of Ohio are, in fact, not the result of being a bad driver. Rather, they are based on an unpaid debt. Known as debt-related suspensions (DRS), they create physical and financial barriers, disrupting the everyday lives of those impacted. Despite progress in limiting the practice, half of all states, including Ohio, still engage in the practice, and so research into the scale, scope, and implications of DRS takes on a heightened importance. This research focuses on three understudied dimensions of DRS. First, it adds to only a handful of statewide analyses by providing an accounting of the practice in Ohio from 2016 to 2020. Second, the analysis provides specific detail in terms of the financial implications of DRS across seven different DRS categories. Third, the research examines race, poverty, and other correlates of DRS in a regression framework. Findings show DRS in Ohio to be a problem of scale: In an average year, the state has over 3.2 million active DRS on 1.7 million Ohio drivers. They levy over $758 M in fees and costs, and drivers pay over $167 M. On average, the unpaid DRS debt is over $900 M annually, reaching over $1 billion in 2018, its peak year. DRS are overrepresented in Ohio’s high poverty and high People of Color communities. Ohio’s highest poverty ZIP Codes had 40 times the DRS compared to the lowest poverty ZIP Codes. Similarly, Ohio’s ZIP Codes with the highest percent People of Color had more DRS than the lowest percent People of Color ZIP Codes—nearly 140 times more. Regression results reinforce these findings, indicating particularly severe impacts among Ohio’s working poor and in communities of color. The burden of Ohio’s debt-related suspensions rests disproportionately on the shoulders of these communities. These findings raise several questions about the state’s policy and practice surrounding debt-related suspensions.
Spatialising ‘carceral mobilities’: extracting census data for analysis of prisoner inflow, transfer and release
Authors: Xiu Gezhi , Turner Jennifer , Gross Thilo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResponding to the dearth of fully-comprehensive or summary data on prisoner or ‘carceral mobilities’, this paper provides the first comprehensive case study analysis of the flow into, between and out from prisons. By uniquely extracting data from the 2011 UK Census to identify and visualise trends in movement, highlight centrality of institutions and observe the self-containedness of regions of operation, findings reveal specific volumes and geographies of prisoner flow as well as discrepancies with the expected practices of prison category transfers and disparities between the distances travelled by prisoners in establishments with different functions. Such analysis is a critical tool in appraising (in)efficiencies with the governance of prisons at the regional and national level. In conclusion, Census Data is revealed as a viable source of data for analysis in situations where institutional data is not forthcoming/available, which provides significant potential for the advancement of the range and scope of studies in carceral mobilities and criminological research more broadly.
Facing the (Political) Elephant in the Room: On the Depoliticisation and Re-Politicisation of Refugee Trauma Amongst Therapists in Germany
Authors: Baro Lea , Matthies-Boon Vivienne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPTSD is commonly diagnosed in refugees, and since 2015 refugee mental health programmes in Germany have increased (BPtK in Bericht zur Mentalen Gesundheit Geflüchteter, 2019). Despite the vast literature on refugee trauma (Silove et al. in World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130–139, 2017), there has been little engagement with the role of therapists therein. This article addresses this lacuna by drawing on 23 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021 with therapists in psychosocial centres for refugees in 14 German federal states. From these interviews, it emerged that therapists occupy an ambivalent position which is characterised by a simultaneous depoliticization and repoliticization of refugee trauma. Believing that it is “so bad it is impossible to do nothing”, therapists started to engage in public political resistance, through therapeutic interactions and lobbying for change. Most therapists sought to engage in political action through a prism of detached professional neutrality. This comprises a particular conundrum since the premise of neutrality directly contravenes the practice of political action as such but also reverts to a mode of individualised medicalisation that cannot fully recognise the political nature of their client’s trauma. We propose to solve this tension through a novel German critical theoretical understanding of trauma as a form of status subordination, wherein the taken for granted presupposition of intersubjective equality is so violently breeched it results in existential disorientation and speechlessness (Matthies-Boon in Breaking intersubjectivity: A critical theory of counter-revolutionary trauma in Egypt, Rowman and Littlefield, 2022). Casting trauma in such intersubjective socio-normative terms means that therapists have the analytical tools to fully embrace their political aspirations whilst simultaneously improving the efficacy of their therapeutic interventions on an individual level.
Root-promoting Biostimulant Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Wild and Cultivated Rocket Salads
Authors: Melito S , Sarais G , Dessi D. , Santaniello A , Povero G , Piga GK , Giannini V 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRocket salads (Diplotaxis spp. and Eruca spp.) are leafy vegetables appreciated for their typical taste and nutritional value. When exposed to salt stress, these plants undergo morpho-physiological and metabolic changes. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a “root-promoting biostimulant” (Radifarm®) applied during germination (Experiment 1) and during the growth cycle (Experiment 2) on two rocket species under salt stress. Experiment 1 explored if Radifarm® can protect seed from salt stress in early-stage development. Different salt levels (0, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) were combined with different Radifarm® concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 mL L− 1). Experiment 2 investigated how Radifarm® can promote plant growth after transplantation when irrigated with saline water (0, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) until harvest. Experiment 1 showed that salt stress significantly affected the germination of rocket salads. The addition of Radifarm® did not improve the germination of D. tenuifolia grown under any salt conditions, but it was beneficial for E. sativa when the highest level of Radifarm® was applied. In Experiment 2, the application of Radifarm® significantly reduced the symptoms of salt stress in both species. In E. sativa, salt stress affected all growth parameters (plant height, leaf number and area). However, under 200 mM NaCl, plants fully recovered when Radifarm® was applied. The same recovery was observed for chlorophyll content in both species. Radifarm® also contributed to increase protein and lipid content compared to plants under salt stress. This study showed that Radifarm® was able to protect both species from salt stress.
Agricultural Managements Influence the Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vineyards from Chilean Mediterranean Climate Ecosystems
Authors: Aguilar-Paredes Ana , Turrini Alessandra , Avio Luciano , Stuardo Cristian , Velásquez Alexis , Becerra José , Giovannetti Manuela , Seeger Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a relevant crop, which is associated to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that are influenced by agricultural practices. The hypothesis of this study is that organic/biodynamic management stimulates grapevine mycorrhizal colonisation and increases AMF diversity in Chilean vineyards. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of agricultural management on AMF association and AMF diversity in Chilean vineyards.

Methods
Mycorrhizal colonisation of grapevine roots from organic/biodynamic and conventional vineyards in Northern (Elqui Valley), Central (Casablanca and Cachapoal Valleys), and Southern Chile (Maule and Itata Valleys), was determined under a microscope. AMF diversity was analysed by morphological, and molecular characterisation of spores through SSU-ITS-LSU rRNA region sequence analyses.

Results
AMF colonisation of grapevine roots was influenced by vineyard management independent of the season. Higher mycorrhizal colonisation was detected in organic/biodynamic grapevine soils (20 − 35%), compared with conventional soils (6 − 31%). Twelve AMF species were identified in vineyards, belonging to five Glomeromycota families. Interestingly, organic/biodynamic vineyards showed higher AMF diversity. The three predominant morphotypes were Funneliformis verruculosum (GL1), Septoglomus sp. (GL4) and Septoglomus constrictum (GL5). Molecular analyses of AMF spores highlighted the occurrence of Septoglomus, Acaulospora, Pacispora and Cetraspora genera in vineyards.

Conclusions
In this study, AMF diversity in Chilean vineyards is described for the first time. The diversity of AMF in vineyards in Chile was higher than the diversity reported in other wine-producing ecosystems. The understanding of agricultural practices on AMF activity and diversity may be crucial to improve the vineyard management.
Short-term microbial community dynamics induced by 13C-labeled maize root, its derived biochar and NPK in long-term amended soil
Authors: Lu Zonglin , Lu Tong , Shi Junmei , Chen Kun , Guo Hangming , Li Na , Han Xiaori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrop residues and their derived biochar are frequently used for their potential to improve grain yield, soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration. However, the effects of root are often overlooked, and the effects of chemical fertilizer (NPK) combined with root or its biochar on microbial community structure need further study. This study used 13C-labeled maize root, its biochar and soil with different fertilization for 8 years as materials and substrates. A 112-day incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effects of microbial community on the C processing. During incubation, the root-C (54.9%) mineralized significantly more than biochar-C (12.8%), while NPK addition significantly increased the root-C mineralization. Adding biochar alone did not significantly change the microbial community. Compared to the biochar treatment (BC), the root treatment (R) notably increased the contents of total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), 13C-PLFA and the proportion of fungi and Gram-negative bacteria, but reduced the proportion of actinomycetes. The root mineralization was significantly correlated with the relative content of 13C-Gram-positive bacteria and 13C-fungi, while biochar mineralization was significantly correlated with the relative content of 13C-Gram-positive bacteria and 13C-actinomycetes. Notably, NPK addition significantly increased the contribution of biochar-C to PLFA-C pool, while decreasing the contribution of root-C. In summary, due to microbial adaptation to the lack of bioavailable C in biochar-amended soil, biochar can act as a buffer against the significant disturbance caused by NPK to microbial communities and native soil organic carbon (SOC), which contributes to the steady enhancement in soil C storage.
Graphical Abstract
Development of the Turkish Author Recognition Task (TART) and the Turkish Vocabulary Size Test (TurVoST)
Authors: Gedik Tan Arda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article reports the development of two novel research tools for Turkish, the Turkish Author Recognition Task (TART) and the Turkish Vocabulary Size Test (TurVoST). Such tools have been readily available for English, Spanish, Korean, Dutch and Chinese but not for Turkish. These tools help researchers to identify the print exposure levels of L1 speakers and an approximation of L1 speakers’ receptive vocabulary knowledge, respectively. Measuring print exposure is important as it is an important driver of L1 development from a usage-based perspective (e.g., Dąbrowska in Cognition 178:222–235, 2018), which influences vocabulary, grammar, and collocation knowledge. The findings show that the TART and TurVoST are significantly correlated at 0.47 and the TART accounts for almost 18% of the variance in vocabulary knowledge. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) scores were found to be 0.99 and 0.74 for two tests respectively. In light of similar previous studies of various ARTs and vocabulary size tests, the TART and the TurVoST are found to be reliable research instruments with correlations and reliability scores within the range of what has been reported in the literature. Potential uses of these two instruments are discussed. All data, R codes, and research instruments are publicly available at https://osf.io/u6t8m/?view_only=63cf706c381a4214950984dae5470df6.
Relief of Biofilm Hypoxia: A Synergistic Approach with Cyanobacteria and Chlorin e6-Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Kashif Saima , Roberts Sam , Gopal Ashna , Osorio Alejandra A. Schiavon , Nenninger Anja , Yan Li , McCormick Alistair J. , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photosensitizers, oxygen, and light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the effective destruction of cancer cells or bacteria. However, in biofilm bacterial infections, the presence of hypoxia significantly reduces the efficacy of PDT. To address this issue, we have developed a synergistic approach wherein Synechococcus elongatus (PCC 7942), cyanobacteria are loaded into a sodium alginate hydrogel, and chlorin e6 (Ce6) is conjugated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ce6-MSNs). Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms capable of releasing oxygen when exposed to 660 nm light. This property facilitates the effective production of ROS by Ce6-MSNs, even in hypoxic conditions, potentially enabling more effective PDT against MRSA planktonic bacteria and biofilm. Our results demonstrate that this system can maintain oxygen generation capacity for the test period of 30 days, thereby enhancing ROS production under hypoxic conditions. In summary, this innovative system combines cyanobacteria's photosynthetic oxygen generation with Ce6-MSNs' ROS production capabilities to address the challenge of hypoxia in biofilm infections. The promising results suggest its potential for improving the efficacy of PDT against bacterial infections, including drug-resistant strains such as MRSA.
Graphical Abstract
Mars' North Polar Spiral Trough Migration Paths as Revealed Through 3D Radar Mapping
Authors: Laferriere Kris L. , Bramson Ali M. , Smith Isaac B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present observations and maps of Mars' northern polar spiral trough migration paths (TMPs) as revealed through the 3D SHARAD (Shallow Radar) data volume, identify patterns of TMP morphology, and provide interpretations and implications of these TMPs on past climate. This data set provides additional spatial context over traditional 2D data as it allows for radargrams to be taken perpendicular to each trough strike, which minimizes distortion of migration paths due to oblique viewing geometry. Here, we present an expanded survey of trough migration and analysis of surface troughs across the north polar layered deposits. We corroborate many previous observations of trough migration such as: the general poleward and stratigraphically upward migration from the TMP initiation point; the broadly similar depth of trough initiation across the cap; regional variability in TMP morphology; and the presence of buried promontories. Our results support the presence of two generations of troughs, though we cannot confirm that the oldest generation originated deeper than ∼600 m beneath the current surface, as previously reported. Two generations of troughs suggest that climate conditions favorable for initiation of trough migration have occurred at least twice. Trough initiation occurring only in the upper ∼600 m suggests that troughs are relatively recent features in the polar cap, developing after the formation of ∼half the current cap height. The mapped TMPs provide insight into the consistency of Mars' climate during the accumulation of the past few hundred meters of ice by recording the boundary of erosion and accumulation of ice at the troughs.
Immune surveillance of cytomegalovirus in tissues
Authors: Mihalić Andrea , Železnjak Jelena , Lisnić Berislav , Jonjić Stipan , Juranić Lisnić Vanda , Brizić Ilija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV), a representative member of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses, is common in the human population, but immunocompetent individuals are generally asymptomatic when infected with this virus. However, in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature fetuses and newborns, CMV can cause a wide range of often long-lasting morbidities and even death. CMV is not only widespread throughout the population but it is also widespread in its hosts, infecting and establishing latency in nearly all tissues and organs. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of and immune responses to this virus is a prerequisite for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Multiple arms of the immune system are engaged to contain the infection, and general concepts of immune control of CMV are now reasonably well understood. Nonetheless, in recent years, tissue-specific immune responses have emerged as an essential factor for resolving CMV infection. As tissues differ in biology and function, so do immune responses to CMV and pathological processes during infection. This review discusses state-of-the-art knowledge of the immune response to CMV infection in tissues, with particular emphasis on several well-studied and most commonly affected organs.
CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors
Authors: Peng Lei , Sferruzza Giacomo , Yang Luojia , Zhou Liqun , Chen Sidi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult patients. CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell complements CAR-T cell therapy by offering several distinct advantages. CAR-NK cells do not require HLA compatibility and exhibit low safety concerns. Moreover, CAR-NK cells are conducive to “off-the-shelf” therapeutics, providing significant logistic advantages over CAR-T cells. Both CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have shown consistent and promising results in hematological malignancies. However, their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to various obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration, as well as an immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and current challenges of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell immunotherapies, with a specific focus on the obstacles to their application in solid tumors. We also analyze in depth the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells and highlight CAR-NK CAR optimization. Finally, we explore future perspectives of these adoptive immunotherapies, highlighting the increasing contribution of cutting-edge biotechnological tools in shaping the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.
Sex-specific role for the long noncoding RNA Pnky in mouse behavior
Authors: Saha Parna , Andersen Rebecca E. , Hong Sung Jun , Gil Eugene , Simms Jeffrey , Choi Hyeonseok , Lim Daniel A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aberrant expression of specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been associated with cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Although a growing number of lncRNAs are now known to regulate neural cell development and function, relatively few lncRNAs have been shown to underlie animal behavior. Pnky is an evolutionarily conserved, neural lncRNA that regulates brain development. Using mouse genetic strategies, we show that Pnky has sex-specific roles in mouse behavior and that this lncRNA can underlie specific behavior by functioning in trans. Male Pnky-knockout mice have decreased context generalization in a paradigm of associative fear learning and memory. In female Pnky-knockout mice, there is an increase in the acoustic startle response, a behavior that is altered in affective disorders. Remarkably, expression of Pnky from a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene decreases the acoustic startle response in female Pnky-knockout mice, demonstrating that Pnky can modulate specific animal behavior by functioning in trans. More broadly, these studies illustrate how specific lncRNAs can underlie cognitive and mood disorders.
Overall health knowledge in the Philippines, multilevel confirmatory factor analysis of the Philippine National Demography Health Survey 2022 data
Authors: Lotfy Nesma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA secondary data analysis of the 2022 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (PNDHS) was conducted to explore the underlying structure of knowledge regarding communicable and noncommunicable diseases using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The PNDHS data consist of two levels: level-1 represents within-household data (household questionnaire), and level-2 represents between-household data (primary sampling unit (PSU)). Therefore, a two-level CFA and two-level variance CFA were performed. Furthermore, a multigroup analysis assessed the structural differences between males/females and urban/rural groups. In the PNDHS survey, 30,372 household interviews were completed. Knowledge levels for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, dengue fever, TB, and COVID-19 were 96.7%, 94.9%, 97.8%, 98.4%, 96.7%, and 92.8%, respectively. The two-level CFA indicated that the coefficient loadings of each item for both levels were statistically significant (Z-test, P < 0.001). Regarding two-level variance CFA, the variance at level-1 was higher than that at level-2 (13 and 6.7, respectively). The multigroup analysis revealed that the model was non-invariant (not equal) across gender and residence (likelihood ratio test; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, level-1 has greater effect than does level-2 because the variance in level-1 is greater than that in level-2, the knowledge of COVID-19 has the lowest loading compared to other items, and rural/urban areas and females/males exhibit different levels of health knowledge.