bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum multi-state Swap Test: an algorithm for estimating overlaps of arbitrary number quantum states
Authors: Liu Wen , Li Yang-Zhi , Yin Han-Wen , Wang Zhi-Rao , Wu Jiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEstimating the overlap between two states is an important task with several applications in quantum information. However, the typical swap test circuit can only measure a sole pair of quantum states at a time. In this study, a recursive quantum circuit is designed to measure overlaps of n quantum states $\left | {\phi _{1} } \right \rangle ,\left | {\phi _{2} } \right \rangle ,\ldots\left | {\phi _{n} }\right \rangle $

|

ϕ
1

〉

,

|

ϕ
2

〉

,
…

|

ϕ
n

〉

concurrently with $O(k2^{k})$
O
(
k

2
k

)
controlled-swap(CSWAP) gates and $O(k)$
O
(
k
)
ancillary qubits, where $k=\left \lceil {\log n} \right \rceil $
k
=

⌈
log
n
⌉

. All pairwise overlaps among input quantum states $|\langle \phi _{i}|\phi _{j}\rangle |^{2}$
|
〈

ϕ
i

|

ϕ
j

〉
|

2

can be obtained in this circuit. Compared with existing scheme for measuring the overlap of multiple quantum states, the circuit provides higher precision and less consumption of ancillary qubits. In addition, some simulation experiments are performed on IBM quantum cloud platform to verify the superiority of this algorithm.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Deconstructs the Distribution of Immune Cells Within Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Shu Li , Fu Jiantao , Yang Peipei , Wang Yidong , Sun Jie , Zheng Mengsha , Liu Zhenjie , Yang Jin , Song Jiangping , Song Shen , Cai Zhejun 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Inflammation is a key component in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), yet insights into the roles of immune cells and their interactions in this process are limited.

METHODS:

Using single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis, we deconstructed the CD45
+
cell population in elastase-induced murine AAA at the single-cell level. We isolated each group of immune cells from murine AAA tissue at different time points and divided them into several subtypes, listed the remarkable differentially expressed genes, explored the developmental trajectories of immune cells, and demonstrated the interactions among them.

RESULTS:
Our findings reveal significant differences in several immune cell subsets, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, within the AAA microenvironment compared with the normal aorta. Especially, conventional dendritic cell type 1 exclusively existed in the AAA tissue rather than the normal aortas. Via CellChat analysis, we identified several intercellular communication pathways like visfatin, which targets monocyte differentiation and neutrophil extracellular trap–mediated interaction between neutrophils and dendritic cells, which might contribute to AAA development. Some of these pathways were validated in human AAA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the absence of external pathogenic stimuli, AAA tissues develop a complex inflammatory microenvironment involving numerous immune cells. In-depth studies of the inflammatory network shall provide new strategies for patients with AAA.
Platelet Angiopoietin-1 Protects Against Murine Models of Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Roweth Harvey G. , Becker Isabelle C. , Malloy Michael W. , Clarke Emily M. , Munn Sophie A. , Kumar Priya L. , Aivasovsky Ivan , Tray Kobe , Schmaier Alec A. , Battinelli Elisabeth M. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
In addition to their fundamental roles in preserving vascular integrity, platelets also contribute to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, despite being a reservoir for angiogenic and metastatic cytokines, platelets also harbor negative regulators of tumor progression. Angpt1 (angiopoietin-1) is a cytokine essential for developmental angiogenesis that also protects against tumor cell metastasis through an undefined mechanism. Although activated platelets release Angpt1 from α-granules into circulation, the contributions of platelet Angpt1 to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis have not been investigated.

METHODS:

Using cytokine arrays and ELISAs, we first compared platelet Angpt1 levels in breast and melanoma mouse tumor models to tumor-free controls. We then assessed tumor growth and metastasis in mice lacking megakaryocyte and platelet Angpt1 (Angpt1
Plt KO
). The spontaneous metastasis of mammary-injected tumor cells to the lungs was quantified using RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The lung colonization of intravenously injected tumor cells and tumor cell extravasation were determined using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

Platelet Angpt1 is selectively upregulated in the PyMT (polyoma middle tumor antigen) breast cancer mouse model, and platelets are the principal source of Angpt1 in blood circulation. While primary tumor growth and angiogenesis were unaffected, Angpt1
Plt KO
mice had both increased spontaneous lung metastasis and tumor cell lung colonization following mammary or intravenous injection, respectively. Although platelet Angpt1 did not affect initial tumor cell entrapment in the lungs, Angpt1
Plt KO
mice had increased tumor cell retention and extravasation. Serum from Angpt1
Plt KO
mice increased endothelial permeability and reduced VE (vascular endothelial)-cadherin expression at endothelial junctions compared with serum from control mice (Angpt1
WT
).

CONCLUSIONS:
Platelets provide an intravascular source of Angpt1 that restrains tumor metastasis by preserving the lung microvasculature to limit tumor cell extravasation.
Direct Comparison of Methods to Differentiate Wide Complex Tachycardias: Novel Automated Algorithms Versus Manual ECG Interpretation Approaches
Authors: LoCoco Sarah , Kashou Anthony H. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Mikhova Krasimira M. , Sodhi Sandeep S. , Cuculich Phillip S. , Ghadban Rugheed , Cooper Daniel H. , Maddox Thomas M. , Noseworthy Peter A. , May Adam M. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Differentiating wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide tachycardia via 12-lead ECG interpretation is a crucial but difficult task. Automated algorithms show promise as alternatives to manual ECG interpretation, but direct comparison of their diagnostic performance has not been undertaken.

METHODS:
Two electrophysiologists applied 3 manual WCT differentiation approaches (ie, Brugada, Vereckei aVR, and VT score). Simultaneously, computerized data from paired WCT and baseline ECGs were processed by 5 automated WCT differentiation algorithms (WCT Formula, WCT Formula II, VT Prediction Model, Solo Model, and Paired Model). The diagnostic performance of automated algorithms was compared with manual ECG interpretation approaches.

RESULTS:
A total of 212 WCTs (111 VT and 101 supraventricular wide tachycardia) from 104 patients were analyzed. WCT Formula demonstrated superior accuracy (85.8%) and specificity (87.1%) compared with Brugada (75.2% and 57.4%, respectively) and Vereckei aVR (65.3% and 36.4%, respectively). WCT Formula II achieved higher accuracy (89.6%) and specificity (85.1%) against Brugada and Vereckei aVR. Performance metrics of the WCT Formula (accuracy 85.8%, sensitivity 84.7%, and specificity 87.1%) and WCT Formula II (accuracy 89.8%, sensitivity 89.6%, and specificity 85.1%) were similar to the VT score (accuracy 84.4%, sensitivity 93.8%, and specificity 74.2%). Paired Model was superior to Brugada in accuracy (89.6% versus 75.2%), specificity (97.0% versus 57.4%), and F1 score (0.89 versus 0.80). Paired Model surpassed Vereckei aVR in accuracy (89.6% versus 65.3%), specificity (97.0% versus 75.2%), and F1 score (0.89 versus 0.74). Paired Model demonstrated similar accuracy (89.6% versus 84.4%), inferior sensitivity (79.3% versus 93.8%), but superior specificity (97.0% versus 74.2%) to the VT score. Solo Model and VT Prediction Model accuracy (82.5% and 77.4%, respectively) was superior to the Vereckei aVR (65.3%) but similar to Brugada (75.2%) and the VT score (84.4%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Automated WCT differentiation algorithms demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance compared with traditional manual ECG interpretation approaches.
Reduced Indian Ocean Dipole Asymmetry and Increased Extreme Negative Events under Future Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Zheng Yiling , Tam Chi-Yung , Collins Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is a prominent interannual phenomenon in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), influencing weather and climate globally, particularly during extreme IOD events. The IOD shows notable amplitude asymmetry in both observations and historical simulations from the phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), with positive events having a greater magnitude than negative events, mainly due to the negative nonlinear dynamical heating. However, simulations under the shared socioeconomic pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenario indicate a notable reduction in IOD asymmetry. It shows that this reduction points to an increased frequency of extreme negative IOD events under global warming. The primary cause of this reduced IOD asymmetry is less negative nonlinear dynamical heating in future simulations, especially the nonlinear zonal advection. Under global warming, the increased atmospheric static stability weakens the large-scale atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies forcing. This leads to reduced strength of nonlinear zonal advection, resulting in a decreased IOD asymmetry. Nevertheless, nonlinear vertical advection, another key factor in IOD asymmetry, remains comparable due to the increased upper-ocean stratification in the eastern TIO. The reduced inhibition of negative nonlinear zonal advection and the increased SST response to deepening thermocline contribute to the increased frequency of extreme negative IOD events. These changes underscore the potential risks associated with negative IOD events in a warming world, emphasizing the importance of understanding IOD dynamics for improved climate impact prediction and future preparedness.
Youth e-cigarette never-users and ever-users perceptions of novel educational comic book
Authors: Brown Hannah E , Ickes Melinda J 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: More than 2.5 million middle and high school students in the United States reported current use of e-cigarettes in 2022. With continued curiosity and initiation of e-cigarette use among youth, it is critical to explore new and innovative ways to communicate about the dangers of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to determine youth never-user and ever-user interpretations of a novel, educational comic book, ‘The Villainous Vape’. Method: A 43-question survey was distributed to a convenience sample of middle and high school students across Kentucky. Results: Of the 76 respondents, 85.5% ( n = 65) reported having never using e-cigarettes and 14.5% ( n = 11) reported having tried e-cigarettes at least once in their lifetime. Never-users were more likely to say that the comic book would be an effective method of e-cigarette education for their peers, compared with ever-users. In addition, never-users were more likely to report that the comic book deterred them from using e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine how perceptions of story-based education through novel comics affect young people’s health decisions regarding e-cigarette use.
Assessing attitudes toward mental health illnesses in Saudi Arabia: A national cross-sectional study
Authors: BinDhim Nasser F , Althumiri Nora A , Al-Luhaidan Sulaiman M , Alhajji Mohammed , A Saad Sami Yahya , Alyami Hussain , Al-Duraihem Rashed Abdullah , Alhabeeb Abdulhameed Abdullah 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the national attitudes toward individuals with mental health illnesses in Saudi Arabia, exploring the relationship between these attitudes and various sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design with computer-assisted telephone interviews was employed, covering all 13 administrative regions in Saudi Arabia. A total of 4,533 adults agreed to participate, and their attitudes toward people with mental illnesses (PWMI) were measured using an 11-item scale. The translation of the original English version of the PWMI to Arabic was validated and published previously. The scale used level of agreement on a 5-point Likert scale. The score varies from 11 to 55, where a higher score signifies higher stigma. The associations between total PWMI scores and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using linear regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.92 ± 12.84, with equal distribution across regions. The linear regression model showed significant associations between total PWMI scores and gender, education level, marital status, living with, or being friends with someone diagnosed with a mental illness, and working in healthcare. No significant associations were found with age, income level, and previous mental health diagnosis. The study suggests that negative stereotypes about mental illness may be more prevalent in Saudi Arabia, while Saudi participants had a more optimistic view regarding the recovery and outcomes of mental illnesses. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of assessing mental health stigma and its associations with sociodemographic factors in Saudi Arabia. The significant associations found point to the need for targeted interventions and public health campaigns to address misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding mental health, ultimately improving the societal acceptance and well-being of individuals with mental health illnesses.
Histopathological features of idiopathic portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malik Adnan , Malik Sohira , Farooq Ahsan , Malik Muhammad Imran , Javaid Sadia 
Published: July 2024

Background Portal hypertension (PH) is a clinically significant entity that could present with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Cirrhosis is the most common cause of PH, with well-documented histopathology and etiology. However, in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), no single histopathologic finding is associated with PH. Our systematic review aims to identify and summarize the prevalence of the common histological findings of IPH. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus till 1ST March 2022 for studies describing the histopathological features of IPH. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as events rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) using binary random-effects model by open meta-analyst software. Results We included 23 retrospective studies with a total sample size of 813 patients. The overall incidence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia was 38.6%, 59.8% for portal fibrosis, 51.3% for periportal fibrosis, 39.3% for perisinusoidal fibrosis, 89.8% for portal vein sclerosis, 42.2% for portal inflammation, 53.3% for mega-sinusoids, 39.5% for thickening of portal vein branches, 93.8% for narrowing of portal veins, 53.3% for hepatic veins/venous outflow obstruction, 51.4% for aberrant portal/periportal vessels, 42.4% for shunt vessel, 50.9% for ductular proliferation, and 16.3% for steatosis. Conclusion Due to the relatively non-pathognomonic and non-specific nature of IPH, a combination of different histological features such as the portal and periportal fibrosis, portal vein sclerosis, mega-sinusoids, narrowing of portal veins, hepatic venous outflow obstruction, aberrant portal or periportal vessels, and ductular proliferation may be of value in diagnosing IPH as the incidence rate of these features was at approximately 50%.
Risk factors for postoperative acute pancreatitis after thoracic aortic surgery
Authors: Ueda Ryoma , Esaki Jiro , Tsubota Hideki , Honda Masanori , Kudo Masafumi , Matsuo Takehiko , Okabayashi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2024

Background We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative acute pancreatitis (PAP) following thoracic aortic surgery with circulatory arrest. Methods One hundred fifty-two patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery with circulatory arrest between February 2015 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative acute pancreatitis was defined as the presence of two or more of the following criteria: (1) abdominal pain, (2) postoperative amylase or lipase levels greater than three times the upper limit of normal, and (3) evidence of pancreatitis on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find risk factors for PAP. Results Nine patients (5.9%) developed PAP without mortality. All of the nine patients had elevated pancreatic enzymes and evidence of pancreatitis on CT. They improved with conservative therapy. In multivariate analysis, only cross-clamp time was found to be a significant risk factor for PAP (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1–1.08; p = 0.042). Conclusion The incidence of PAP after thoracic aortic surgery with circulatory arrest was 5.9%, and cross-clamp time is an independent risk factor for PAP.
Association between participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program and perception of limited availability and choice of healthy foods
Authors: Cheng Jessica , Thorndike Anne N. 
Published: July 2024

Background Nutrition security encompasses stable and equitable access, availability, affordability, and utilization of healthy foods. Aim To evaluate the relationship of two newly created dichotomous measures that represent aspects of nutrition security (i.e., perceived limited availability and healthfulness choice) with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Methods Logistic regression models were run for each outcome separately with adjustment for age, income-to-poverty ratio, gender, education, race, and food security. Results Adults using social services (e.g., food pantries) were enrolled (N = 402) in this cross-sectional analysis. SNAP participants (61.7%) were not different from non-SNAP participants in perceiving limited availability (aOR [95% CI]: 1.21 [0.75, 1.95]) or limited ability to choose (aOR [95% CI]: 0.69 [0.43, 1.12]) healthy foods. Conclusions Both SNAP and non-SNAP participants with low socioeconomic status report limited availability of healthy foods in their environment and a limited ability to choose healthy foods.
Pulverised Flexible Polyurethane Foam Particles as a Filler in Natural Rubber Vulcanisates
Authors: Sims G.L.A. , Sombatsompop N. 
Published: July 2024

Polyester polyurethane foam was densified and comminuted using an intermeshing disc impact mill. Resultant particles were investigated as a potential filler in natural rubber at concentrations from 0-75 parts per hundred rubber by monitoring tensile properties, elongation set. cure times and fracture surface characteristics. It was found that a filler concentration of 25 parts per hundred rubber produced essentially similar tensile properties, elongation set and cure time to the natural rubber vulcanisate suggesting that the filler was a satisfactory extender for natural rubber. Increasing filler content to 30 parts per hundred rubber significantly increased modulus at 100% and 200% strain and the ultimate tensile stress but worsened breaking strain and elongation set. Therefore in a critical concentration range between 25 and 30 parts per hundred rubber the particles could be regarded as a reinforcing filler extender whereas higher concentrations produced progressively poorer properties but cheapened the product cost. Scanning electron micrographs of fracture surfaces, obtained at 21°C and after immersion in liquid nitrogen, tended to indicate that reinforcement was likely to be a function of relatively weak intermolecular forces at the interface of the elastomer and the particle, molecular entanglements and a possible further contribution due to the aspect ratio of the particles which may act as short fibre reinforcement.
Temporal changes in markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in adults during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Doyle Andrew J , Retter Andrew , Parmar Kiran , Mayger Katarzyna , Barrett Nicholas , Camporota Luigi , Breen Karen A , Hunt Beverley J 
Published: July 2024

Introduction Bleeding and thrombotic events (BTE) are frequent during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). They occur at varying timepoints and may be affected by temporal changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis. We aimed to assess various coagulation and fibrinolytic markers over time and their relationship with BTE. Methods A single-centre prospective study was performed in 17 patients with severe respiratory failure receiving veno-venous ECMO. Blood samples were collected before and during ECMO, and around circuit decannulation. Results Prior to ECMO, D-Dimer, Plasmin-Antiplasmin complexes (PAP), Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen were elevated. There was an increase in D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragments 1+2 (PF1+2) (729 to 1305pmol/L, p = .034) by day 1 and PAP increased by day 2 from baseline levels (median 1022 to 1797 µg/L, p = .023). There was a strong positive correlation in PAP, PF1+2 and thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) to D-Dimer. BTE were frequent – 18% had major extracranial haemorrhage and 24% had intracranial haemorrhage. Over time, there was a progressive elevation PAP in patients developing subsequent extracranial haemorrhage, whereas D-Dimer, PAP and PF1+2 increased after intracranial haemorrhage. Conclusions There were early changes in coagulation activity during ECMO by PF1+2 followed by subsequent fibrinolysis by PAP. Changes in PAP, PF1+2 and TAT were associated with major haemorrhage.
What factors at discharge predict physical activity and walking outcomes 6 months after stroke? A systematic review
Authors: Nayak Neelam , Mahendran Niruthikha , Kuys Suzanne , Brauer Sandra G 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to identify factors at hospital discharge that predict physical activity and walking outcomes in the first 6 months after stroke. Data sources Searches were conducted in CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus from inception to 30 April 2024. Reference lists of included articles were manually screened to identify additional studies. Review methods Studies of adults with stroke reporting predictors at hospital discharge and outcomes of physical activity or walking across the first 6 months after hospital discharge were included. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and reviewed full texts. Quality of included studies was assessed with Quality in Prognostic Studies screening tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results The search strategy retrieved 7834 studies, from which 6 eligible studies were identified, including a total of 1433 participants. Overall, studies had a low risk of bias. Age, balance, walking speed and walking distance at hospital discharge predicted physical activity outcomes after stroke ( n = 2 studies). Cognition, lower limb cycling rhythm and self-efficacy for walking at hospital discharge predicted walking outcomes after stroke ( n = 4 studies). Conclusions A range of factors predicted physical activity and walking outcomes 6 months after stroke. Physical capabilities at discharge appear to be a predictor of these outcomes; however, this needs to be interpreted with caution. Diverse measures and time points were used across studies to characterise physical activity and walking outcomes, highlighting the need for consistency in measurement and longitudinal studies in stroke research.