bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of extrinsic chirality in self-assembled asymmetric plasmonic metasurfaces and nanohole arrays
Authors: Petronijevic Emilija , Cesca T. , Scian C. , Mattei G. , Voti R. Li , Sibilia C. , Belardini A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChirality, the lack of mirror symmetry, can be mimicked in nanophotonics and plasmonics by breaking the symmetry in light-nanostructure interaction. Here we report on versatile use of nanosphere lithography for the fabrication of low-cost metasurfaces, which exhibit broadband handedness- and angle-dependent extinction in the near-infrared range, thus offering extrinsic chiro-optical behavior. We measure wavelength and angle dependence of the extinction for four samples. Two samples are made of polystyrene nanospheres asymmetrically covered by silver and gold in one case and silver only in the other case, with a nanohole array at the bottom. The other two samples are nanohole arrays, obtained after the nanosphere removal from the first two samples. Rich extrinsic chiral features are governed by different chiro-optical mechanisms in the three-dimensional plasmonic semi-shells and planar nanohole arrays. We also measure Stokes parameters in the same wavelength and incidence angle range and show that the transmitted fields follow the extrinsic chirality features of the extinction dissymmetry. We further study the influences of the nanostructured shapes and in-plane orientations on the intrinsic vs extrinsic chirality. The nanoholes are modelled as oval shapes in metal, showing good agreement with the experiments. We thus confirm that nanosphere lithography can provide different geometries for chiral light manipulation at the nanoscale, with the possibility to extend functionalities with optimized oval shapes and combination of constituent metals.
Developing small Cas9 hybrids using molecular modeling
Authors: Mangin Antoine , Dion Vincent , Menzies Georgina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe contraction of CAG/CTG repeats is an attractive approach to correct the mutation that causes at least 15 neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington’s disease and Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Contractions can be achieved in vivo using the Cas9 D10A nickase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) using a single guide RNA (sgRNA) against the repeat tract. One hurdle on the path to the clinic is that SpCas9 is too large to be packaged together with its sgRNA into a single adeno-associated virus. Here we aimed to circumvent this problem using the smaller Cas9 orthologue, SlugCas9, and the Cas9 ancestor OgeuIscB. We found them to be ineffective in inducing contractions, despite their advertised PAM sequences being compatible with CAG/CTG repeats. Thus, we further developed smaller Cas9 hybrids, made of the PAM interacting domain of S. pyogenes and the catalytic domains of the smaller Cas9 orthologues. We also designed the cognate sgRNA hybrids using molecular dynamic simulations and binding energy calculations. We found that the four Cas9/sgRNA hybrid pairs tested in human cells failed to edit their target sequences. We conclude that in silico approaches can identify functional changes caused by point mutations but are not sufficient for designing larger scale complexes of Cas9/sgRNA hybrids.
Blurred interface induced control of electrical transport properties in Josephson junctions
Authors: Qiu Junling , Sun Huihui , Han Chuanbing , Ding Xiaodong , Zhao Bo , Wang Shuya , Wang Lixin , Shan Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe interfacial microstructures of Josephson junctions are vital for understanding the microscopic mechanism to improve the performance of superconducting qubits further. However, there remain significant concerns about well understanding the correlation between atomic structures and electrical behaviors. Here, we propose a new method to define the interface of the barrier in Josephson junctions, and investigate the factors that affect the electrical properties of junctions using material analysis techniques and first principles. We find that the aluminium–oxygen ratio of the interface contributes greatly to the electrical properties of junctions, which is consistent with the conclusions obtained by utilizing the generative adversarial network for data augmentation. When the aluminium–oxygen ratio of the interface is 0.67–1.1, the model exhibits a lower barrier height and better electrical properties of the junction. Moreover, when the thickness of the barrier is fixed, the impact of the aluminium–oxygen ratio becomes prominent. A detailed analysis of Josephson junctions using a microscopic model has led to identifying of process defects that can enhance the yield rate of chips. It has a great boost for determining the relationship between microstructures and macroscopic performances.
A retrospective cohort study on 3D printed temporary crowns
Authors: del Hougne Michael , Di Lorenzo Isabella , Höhne Christian , Schmitter Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this retrospective cohort study the survival rate, clinical parameters, patient satisfaction with aesthetics and oral health-related quality of life of 3D printed temporary crowns were evaluated. Temporary crowns were 3D printed with a Form3B out of Permanent Crown Resin (Formlabs GmbH). Anonymized data for the restorations’ survival (in-situ) was evaluated retrospectively for 98 temporary crowns of 63 patients fabricated within 19 months. Among these restorations, further analysis was conducted for 42 temporary crowns of 24 patients regarding clinical parameters (modified USPHS criteria), patient satisfaction with aesthetics and impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) (OHIP 14). Descriptive statistical analysis (significance level of α = 0.05) included a Kaplan–Meier curve for survival analysis, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for USPHS, aesthetics and OHIP data, followed by a Wilcoxon test for USPHS and OHIP data and Chi-squared test for aesthetics data. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for OHIP data. The average observation period for survival analysis was 256 days. The survival rate was satisfactory at 98% and n = 2 catastrophic failures (i.e. fracture) occurred. Total OHIP scores, with good reliabilities, improved from 6.63 to 2.21 significantly (p = 0.005) and patient satisfaction with aesthetics (p < 0.001) as well. Clinical analysis with modified USPHS criteria revealed encouraging results.
Expert gaze as a usability indicator of medical AI decision support systems: a preliminary study
Authors: Castner Nora , Arsiwala-Scheppach Lubaina , Mertens Sarah , Krois Joachim , Thaqi Enkeleda , Kasneci Enkelejda , Wahl Siegfried , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven the current state of medical artificial intelligence (AI) and perceptions towards it, collaborative systems are becoming the preferred choice for clinical workflows. This work aims to address expert interaction with medical AI support systems to gain insight towards how these systems can be better designed with the user in mind. As eye tracking metrics have been shown to be robust indicators of usability, we employ them for evaluating the usability and user interaction with medical AI support systems. We use expert gaze to assess experts’ interaction with an AI software for caries detection in bitewing x-ray images. We compared standard viewing of bitewing images without AI support versus viewing where AI support could be freely toggled on and off. We found that experts turned the AI on for roughly 25% of the total inspection task, and generally turned it on halfway through the course of the inspection. Gaze behavior showed that when supported by AI, more attention was dedicated to user interface elements related to the AI support, with more frequent transitions from the image itself to these elements. When considering that expert visual strategy is already optimized for fast and effective image inspection, such interruptions in attention can lead to increased time needed for the overall assessment. Gaze analysis provided valuable insights into an AI’s usability for medical image inspection. Further analyses of these tools and how to delineate metrical measures of usability should be developed.
Two novel genomes of fireflies with different degrees of sexual dimorphism reveal insights into sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation
Authors: Catalán Ana , Gygax Daniel , Rodríguez-Montes Leticia , Hinzke Tjorven , Hoff Katharina J. , Duchen Pablo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSexual dimorphism arises because of divergent fitness optima between the sexes. Phenotypic divergence between sexes can range from mild to extreme. Fireflies, bioluminescent beetles, present various degrees of sexual dimorphism, with species showing very mild sexual dimorphism to species presenting female-specific neoteny, posing a unique framework to investigate the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits across species. In this work, we present novel assembled genomes of two firefly species, Lamprohiza splendidula and Luciola italica, species with different degrees of sexual dimorphism. We uncover high synteny conservation of the X-chromosome across ~ 180 Mya and find full X-chromosome dosage compensation in our two fireflies, hinting at common mechanism upregulating the single male X-chromosome. Different degrees of sex-biased expressed genes were found across two body parts showing different proportions of expression conservation between species. Interestingly, we do not find X-chromosome enrichment of sex-biased genes, but retrieve autosomal enrichment of sex-biased genes. We further uncover higher nucleotide diversity in the intronic regions of sex-biased genes, hinting at a maintenance of heterozygosity through sexual selection. We identify different levels of sex-biased gene expression divergence including a set of genes showing conserved sex-biased gene expression between species. Divergent and conserved sex-biased genes are good candidates to test their role in the maintenance of sexually dimorphic traits.
Ubiquitin-derived artificial binding proteins targeting oncofetal fibronectin reveal scaffold plasticity by β-strand slippage
Authors: Katzschmann Anja , Haupts Ulrich , Reimann Anja , Settele Florian , Gloser-Bräunig Manja , Fiedler Erik , Parthier Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAffilin proteins, artificial binding proteins based on the ubiquitin scaffold, have been generated by directed protein evolution to yield de-novo variants that bind the extra-domain B (EDB) of oncofetal fibronectin, an established marker of tumor neovasculature. The crystal structures of two EDB-specific Affilin variants reveal a striking structural plasticity of the ubiquitin scaffold, characterised by β-strand slippage, leading to different negative register shifts of the β5 strands. This process recruits amino acid residues from β5 towards the N-terminus to an adjacent loop region and subsequent residues into β5, respectively, remodeling the binding interface and leading to target specificity and affinity. Protein backbone alterations resulting from β-strand register shifts, as seen in the ubiquitin fold, can pose additional challenges to protein engineering as structural evidence of these events is still limited and they are difficult to predict. However, they can surface under the selection pressure of directed evolution and suggest that backbone plasticity allowing β-strand slippages can increase structural diversity, enhancing the evolutionary potential of a protein scaffold.
Peri active site catalysis of proline isomerisation is the molecular basis of allomorphy in β-phosphoglucomutase
Authors: Cruz-Navarrete F. Aaron , Baxter Nicola J. , Flinders Adam J. , Buzoianu Anamaria , Cliff Matthew J. , Baker Patrick J. , Waltho Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic regulation occurs through precise control of enzyme activity. Allomorphy is a post-translational fine control mechanism where the catalytic rate is governed by a conformational switch that shifts the enzyme population between forms with different activities. β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) uses allomorphy in the catalysis of isomerisation of β-glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate via β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. Herein, we describe structural and biophysical approaches to reveal its allomorphic regulatory mechanism. Binding of the full allomorphic activator β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate stimulates enzyme closure, progressing through NAC I and NAC III conformers. Prior to phosphoryl transfer, loops positioned on the cap and core domains are brought into close proximity, modulating the environment of a key proline residue. Hence accelerated isomerisation, likely via a twisted anti/C4-endo transition state, leads to the rapid predominance of active cis-P βPGM. In contrast, binding of the partial allomorphic activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate arrests βPGM at a NAC I conformation and phosphoryl transfer to both cis-P βPGM and trans-P βPGM occurs slowly. Thus, allomorphy allows a rapid response to changes in food supply while not otherwise impacting substantially on levels of important metabolites.
Exploring cross-tissue DNA methylation patterns: blood–brain CpGs as potential neurodegenerative disease biomarkers
Authors: Mendonça Vanessa , Soares-Lima Sheila Coelho , Moreira Miguel Angelo Martins 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe difficulty of obtaining samples from certain human tissues has led to efforts to find accessible sources to analyze molecular markers derived from DNA. In this study, we look for DNA methylation patterns in blood samples and its association with the brain methylation pattern in neurodegenerative disorders. Using data from methylation databases, we selected 18,293 CpGs presenting correlated methylation levels between blood and brain (bb-CpGs) and compare their methylation level between blood samples from patients with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and X Fragile Syndrome) and healthy controls. Sixty-four bb-CpGs presented significant distinct methylation levels in patients, being: nine for Alzheimer’s disease, nine for Parkinson’s disease, 28 for Multiple Sclerosis, and 18 for Fragile X Syndrome. Similar differences in methylation pattern for the nine Alzheimer’s bb-CpGs was also observed when comparing brain tissue from patients vs. controls. The genomic regions of some of these 64 bb-CpGs are placed close to or inside genes previously associated with the respective condition. Our findings support the rationale of using blood DNA as a surrogate of brain tissue to analyze changes in CpG methylation level in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, opening the possibility for characterizing new biomarkers.
Climate crisis as a business opportunity: Using degrowth to defamiliarize place branding for sustainability
Authors: Sullivan Katie R. , Bertilsson Jon , Rennstam Jens 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlace branders express a desire for their work to aid in addressing crises such as climate change through sustainable developments that assist with brand positioning, yet little is known about how place branding professionals manage tensions and contradictions that arise between sustainability and investment development. This paper qualitatively explores how place branders talk about ecological sustainability at a place branding conference. We pose the research question, how do place branders communicatively construct the meaning of place branding for sustainability? Our key finding is that place branders reframe ecological crises as an “exclusive” business and brand-building opportunity. Rather than viewing this as “business as usual,” we use defamiliarization as a method of disrupting common sense and presenting the familiar as “strange,” and we employ degrowth ideas as a tool for doing so. We show how place branding for sustainability is constructed as a matter of making a place attractive to businesses that can generate green growth, and how this is done by suppressing aspects that challenge this view. In doing this, we provide a deeper insight into how certain, pro-growth-oriented sustainability practices are communicatively maintained, and into the struggles branders face when tasked with place branding for sustainability.
Emotional contagion on social media and the simulation of intervention strategies after a disaster event: a modeling study
Authors: Chu Meijie , Song Wentao , Zhao Zeyu , Chen Tianmu , Chiang Yi-chen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the advent of climate change and the 5 G era, online communities are increasingly becoming the main medium for information dissemination after emergencies such as natural disasters. The widespread dissemination of negative online information may generate cyber violence or lead to serious adverse psychological outcomes. This study considered a natural disaster event involving avoidable deaths and child casualties as an example to identify emotional contagion and conduct simulation interventions. Data about the aftermath of the 8·13 flash flood in the Longcaogou Scenic Area, Sichuan Province, China, were derived from the Chinese Sina microblog. We analyzed key parameters and modeled them in a dynamic model. We further evaluated the effects of implementing intervention measures (such as transmission path interruption and changing the number of different emotions) on emotional spread. The overall sentiment of posters after this flood was negative, with three epidemic peaks. Negative emotions were more persistent and contagious than positive emotions. Reducing the number of negative blog posts by half could have led to a 14.97% reduction in negative comments and a 7.17% reduction in positive comments. Simultaneously, reducing the number of negative blog posts and increasing the number of positive posts would have helped reduce the relative ratio of negative to positive comments. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for developing an emotional contagion model and formulating intervention strategies to guide public opinion after an emergency that involves extensive online debate.
The great recession, neurotic personality, and subjective sleep quality among patients with mood disorders
Authors: Chen I-Ming , Chen Hsi-Chung , Liu Chih-Min , Liao Shih-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Hsien , Wang Tsung-Yang , Chan Jen-Hui , Kuo Po-Hsiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies exploring the effects of the business cycle on sleep have mostly focused on the general population, and their results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the effects of the 2008 economic crisis and personality traits on the subjective sleep quality of outpatients with mood disorders. In this cross-sectional study, patients with mood disorders were recruited from two medical centers and a psychiatric hospital. Socio-demographics, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were collected through in-person interviews. Candidate predictors significantly associated with PSQI scores in univariate analysis were included in a multiple linear regression model. There were 334 participants; 29% had unipolar depression, and 71% had bipolar affective disorder. The average PSQI score was 11.0 (±4.0). A higher degree of neuroticism [β(se) = 0.49 (0.07), p < 0.001] and recession period (vs. recovery period) [β(se) = 1.72 (0.47), p < 0.001] were associated with a higher PSQI score after adjusting for education, occupational class, and diagnosis. In conclusion, neuroticism and macroeconomy were independent predictors of subjective sleep quality in patients with mood disorders. This study suggests that large-scale economic crises have negative impacts on the sleep health of high-risk clinical populations.
The GECAM Real-time Burst Alert System
Authors: Huang Yue , Shi Dongli , Zhang Xiaolu , Ma Xiang , Zhang Peng , Zheng Shijie , Song Liming , Zhao Xiaoyun , Chen Wei , Qiao Rui , Song Xinying , Wang Jin , Cai Ce , Xiao Shuo , Zhang Yanqiu , Xiong Shaolin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), consisting of two micro-satellites, is designed to detect gamma-ray bursts associated with gravitational-wave events. Here, we introduce the real-time burst alert system of GECAM, with the adoption of the BeiDou-3 short message communication service. We present the post-trigger operations, the detailed ground-based analysis, and the performance of the system. In the first year of the in-flight operation, GECAM was triggered by 42 gamma-ray bursts. The GECAM real-time burst alert system has the ability to distribute the alert within ∼1 minute after being triggered, which enables timely follow-up observations.
The Design of GECAM Scientific Ground Segment
Authors: Zheng Shijie , Song Liming , Ma Xiang , Wang Ping , Qiao Rui , Huang Yue , Zhao Xiaoyun , Zhang Hongmei , Li Xiaobo , Ge Mingyu , Chen Gang , Sun Gongxing , Peng Wenxi , Cai Ce , Chen Wei , Du Yanqi , Guo Dongya , Li Bing , Li Chaoyang , Li Jianhui , Li Qingxin , Liang Jing , Liu Jiacong , Ou Ge , Shi Dongli , Shi Jingyan , Song Xinying , Wang Jin , Wang Wenshuai , Wu Hong , Xiao Shuo , Xue Wangchen , Yao Min , Ye Jianying , Zhang Kai , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiaolu , Zhang Yanqiu , Zhao Guoying , Zhao Shiyi , Zheng Chao , Xiong Shaolin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Gravitational wave burst high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a dedicated mission for monitoring high-energy transients. Here we report the design of the GECAM Scientific Ground Segment (GSGS) in terms of the scientific requirements, including the architecture, the external interfaces, the main function, and workflow. Judging from the analysis and verification results during the commissioning phase, the GSGS functions well and is able to monitor the status of the payloads, adjust the parameters, develop the scientific observation plans, generate the scientific data products, analyze the data, etc. Thus, the on-orbit operation and scientific researches of GECAM are guaranteed.
A Localization Method of High Energy Transients for All-sky Gamma-ray Monitor
Authors: Zhao Yi , Xue Wangchen , Xiong Shaolin , Luo Qi , Wang Yuanhao , Liu Jiacong , Yu Heng , Zhao Xiaoyun , Huang Yue , Liao Jinyuan , Sun Jianchao , Li Xiaobo , Yi Qibin , Cai Ce , Xiao Shuo , Xie Shenglun , Zheng Chao , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Chenwei , Tan Wenjun , Guo Zhiwei , Li Chaoyang , An Zhenghua , Chen Gang , Du Yanqi , Gao Min , Gong Ke , Guo Dongya , He Jiang , He Jianjian , Li Bing , Li Gang , Li Xinqiao , Liang Jing , Liang Xiaohua , Liu Yaqing , Ma Xiang , Qiao Rui , Song Liming , Song Xinying , Sun Xilei , Wang Jin , Wang Ping , Wen Xiangyang , Wu Hong , Xu Yanbing , Yang Sheng , Zhang Dali , Zhang Fan , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shu , Zhang Zhen , Zheng Shijie , Zhang Keke , Han Xingbo , Wu Haiyan , Tai Hu , Geng Hao , Lu Gaopeng , Xu Wei , Lyu Fanchao , Zhang Hongbo , Lu Fangjun , Zhang Shuangnan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fast and reliable localization of high-energy transients is crucial for characterizing the burst properties and guiding the follow-up observations. Localization based on the relative counts of different detectors has been widely used for all-sky gamma-ray monitors. There are two major methods for this count distribution localization: χ
2 minimization method and the Bayesian method. Here we propose a modified Bayesian method that could take advantage of both the accuracy of the Bayesian method and the simplicity of the χ
2 method. With comprehensive simulations, we find that our Bayesian method with Poisson likelihood is generally more applicable for various bursts than the χ
2 method, especially for weak bursts. We further proposed a location-spectrum iteration approach based on the Bayesian inference, which could alleviate the problems caused by the spectral difference between the burst and location templates. Our method is very suitable for scenarios with limited computation resources or time-sensitive applications, such as in-flight localization software, and low-latency localization for rapidly follow-up observations.