bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Response of the Surface Circulation of the Arabian Sea to Monsoonal Forcing
Authors: Beal L. M. , Hormann V. , Lumpkin R. , Foltz G. R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo decades of drifter and satellite data allow the authors to describe the seasonal evolution of the surface circulation of the Arabian Sea, which reverses annually with the Indian monsoon winds. This study finds several features that advance current understanding. Most significantly, northward flow appears along the length of the western boundary, together with a weak anticyclone at 6°N (a precursor to the Great Whirl) as early as March or April, one or two months before the southwest monsoon winds. This circulation is driven by planetary waves, which are initiated by wind curl forcing during the previous southwest monsoon, leading the authors to speculate that there is an oceanic mechanism through which one monsoon may precondition the next. Second, the authors find that the eastward South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) is present year-round, fed by the northward East African Coastal Current (EACC). During the southwest monsoon the EACC overshoots the equator and splits, feeding both northward into the Somali Current and eastward into the SECC by looping back across the equator. This retroflection of the EACC is what was previously known as the southern gyre. At the surface, this circulation is obscured by strong, locally wind-driven, cross-equatorial transport. The semiannual variability of the SECC is governed by Ekman pumping over the equatorial gyre. Finally, there is broad, strong eastward flow at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden throughout the southwest monsoon, coincident with alongshore winds and a switch in sign of the wind stress curl along the axis of the atmospheric monsoon jet.
Characteristics of the RAW-Filtered Leapfrog Time-Stepping Scheme in the Ocean General Circulation Model
Authors: Young Chih-Chieh , Liang Yu-Chiao , Tseng Yu-Heng , Chow Chun-Hoe 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The Robert–Asselin–Williams (RAW) filtered leapfrog scheme is implemented and tested in the Taiwan multiscale community ocean model (TIMCOM). The characteristics of the RAW filter are carefully examined through two benchmark tests (the classical model problem-oscillation equation with further consideration of the dissipation effect, and the 1D linearized shallow-water equations). Particularly, the effect of the RAW filter upon the 2Δx wave instability due to spatial truncation errors is addressed. TIMCOM is then applied to simulate the coastally trapped internal Kelvin waves and global ocean circulations, showing the practical improvement over the Robert–Asselin (RA) filter in the short- and long-term model integrations. The large mean differences in some major current systems suggest the potential impacts on the oceanic instability where the numerical dissipation may interfere with the physical one. The characteristic analysis and model results here indicate the significant advantage of the RAW-filtered leapfrog time-stepping scheme for accurate ocean modeling.
A Regional GSI-Based Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation System for the Rapid Refresh Configuration: Testing at Reduced Resolution
Authors: Zhu Kefeng , Pan Yujie , Xue Ming , Wang Xuguang , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Weygandt Stephen S. , Hu Ming 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A regional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system is established for potential Rapid Refresh (RAP) operational application. The system borrows data processing and observation operators from the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI), and precalculates observation priors using the GSI. The ensemble square root Kalman filter (EnSRF) algorithm is used, which updates both the state vector and observation priors. All conventional observations that are used in the operational RAP GSI are assimilated. To minimize computational costs, the EnKF is run at ⅓ of the operational RAP resolution or about 40-km grid spacing, and its performance is compared to the GSI using the same datasets and resolution. Short-range (up to 18 h, the RAP forecast length) forecasts are verified against soundings, surface observations, and precipitation data. Experiments are run with 3-hourly assimilation cycles over a 9-day convectively active retrospective period from spring 2010. The EnKF performance was improved by extensive tuning, including the use of height-dependent covariance localization scales and adaptive covariance inflation. When multiple physics parameterization schemes are employed by the EnKF, forecast errors are further reduced, especially for relative humidity and temperature at the upper levels and for surface variables. The best EnKF configuration produces lower forecast errors than the parallel GSI run. Gilbert skill scores of precipitation forecasts on the 13-km RAP grid initialized from the 3-hourly EnKF analyses are consistently better than those from GSI analyses.
Age-dependent elevations in plasma kisspeptin are observed in boys and girls when compared with adults
Authors: Jayasena Channa N , Nijher Gurjinder MK , Narayanaswamy Shakunthala , Silva Akila De , Abbara Ali , Ghatei Mohammad A , Bloom Stephen R , Bridges Nicola , Dhillo Waljit S 
Published: July 2013

Background Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide playing a physiological role in human reproduction. Genetic over-activation of kisspeptin causes precocious puberty in children. Concentrations of circulating kisspeptin are low in adults. The concentrations of plasma kisspeptin in boys and girls have not been studied previously. Methods Blood was obtained from 51 children and 63 adults. Plasma samples were analysed using radioimmunoassay. Children were aged 2–18 years, and attending hospital for a medically requested blood test unrelated to reproductive development. Data on pubertal status were not collected due to ethical reasons. Results Mean plasma kisspeptin was significantly higher in children when compared with adults (mean plasma kisspeptin in pmol/L: 12.3 ± 0.9, adults; 40.9 ± 3.3, children, P < 0.001 vs. adults). Overall mean concentrations of plasma kisspeptin were not significantly different between sexes (mean plasma kisspeptin in pmol/L: 39.5 ± 3.2, boys; 44.3 ± 6.3, girls, P = 0.48). In both sexes, concentrations of plasma kisspeptin increased with age to peak concentrations between 9 and 12 years of age, before decreasing beyond 12 years of age to adulthood. Plasma kisspeptin concentrations were highly significantly elevated in both girls and boys aged 9–12 when compared with adults (mean plasma kisspeptin in pmol/L: 59.5 ± 18.3, girls, P < 0.01 vs. adult women; 43.8 ± 6.2, boys, P < 0.001 vs. adult men). Conclusions We report that circulating kisspeptin is elevated in both boys and girls when compared with adults. Furthermore both boys and girls may have distinct, age-dependent concentrations of circulating kisspeptin. Further studies may determine if plasma kisspeptin could be used as a clinically useful biochemical marker of reproductive development in children.
Using Rational Action Theory and Bourdieu’s Habitus Theory Together to Account for Educational Decision-making in England and Germany
Authors: Glaesser Judith , Cooper Barry 
Published: July 2013

Both Rational Action Theory (RAT) and Bourdieu’s habitus theory are employed to explain educational decision-making. RAT assumes that decision-making involves cost-benefit analysis, while habitus theory sees educational pathways as shaped by dispositions reflecting familial class of origin. These theories are often seen as conflicting, but we argue that they can fruitfully be used together. Proponents of these theories often employ different methods. RAT advocates usually employ survey data, while those favouring habitus theory often use case studies. If cost-benefit reasoning does partly explain educational decision-making, then we should expect to find evidence of it at the micro-level. Drawing on interviews conducted in Germany and England, we show that young people do indeed talk about their educational choices in ways which fit RAT accounts. Their class-based habitus often, however, provides upper and lower boundaries for their aspirations, thus conditioning the nature of the cost-benefit analysis entering into decision-making.
The Ejército Popular Revolucionario
Authors: Figueroa-Ibarra Carlos , Martínez-Zavala Lorena 
Published: July 2013

The stability of the Mexican state in comparison with the rest of the Latin American nations paradoxically contrasts with the recurrent emergence of guerrilla organizations. The activities of the Ejército Popular Revolucionario (Popular Revolutionary Army) are part of this paradox, representing what has been called a “recurrent guerrilla war” that takes advantage of the cracks in the hegemony of the state. What is new about this situation is that today the hegemonic crisis is not merely regional but nationwide. La estabilidad del estado mexicano en comparación con el resto de las naciones latinoamericanas contrasta paradójicamente con la recurrente aparición de organizaciones guerrilleras. Las actividades del Ejército Popular Revolucionario forman parte de esta paradoja, representando lo que se ha llamado “una recurrente guerra de guerrilla” que se aprovecha de las grietas en la hegemonía del estado. Lo que hay de nuevo en esta situación es que la crisis hegemónica ha dejado de ser meramente regional, siendo ahora nacional.
Increased expression of sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Jian Jiao , Guoying Wang , Jing Zhao 
Published: July 2013

Objectives: To observe sex determining region Y-box 11 ( SOX11) gene expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma and its effect on tumour cell proliferation. Methods: Clinicopathological data and tissue samples from patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, together with tissue samples from healthy volunteers (controls), were retrospectively reviewed. Protein levels of SOX11 and the antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67) in skin lesions were analysed using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between protein levels and clinipathological parameters was investigated. Results: Out of 40 patient samples, 25 (62.5%) were positive for SOX11 protein in malignant melanoma tissue. This was significantly higher than in 40 control tissue samples, in which no SOX11 protein was detected. Presence of SOX11 protein was positively related to the proliferation index of cutaneous malignant melanoma tumour cells. Presence of SOX11 protein in cutaneous malignant melanoma was related to tumour type, tumour location, lymph node metastasis and 5-year survival rate. Conclusion: Human cutaneous malignant melanoma tissues expressed high levels of SOX11 compared with healthy controls, suggesting that SOX11 may be a new prognostic marker for malignant melanoma.
Association between reversal of multidrug resistance by methyl jasmonate and P-glycoprotein ATPase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chang-Fa , Wang Ya-Qin , Huang Fei-Zhou , Nie Wan-Pin , Liu Xun-Yang , Jiang Xian-Zhen 
Published: July 2013

Objective To study the effects of methyl jasmonate on multidrug resistance in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Multidrug resistant H22 (H22/FAP) hepatocellular carcinoma cells were produced in vitro by continuous exposure to increasing doses of doxorubicin, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FAP regimen). Cell toxicity was measured using the 3 -(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolum bromide (MTT) assay. Survival time was calculated for BALB/c mice that received intraperitoneal injections of H22/FAP cells followed by treatment with methyl jasmonate or verapamil in combination with FAP for 7 days. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis was used to measure the activity of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) ATPase activity in plasma membranes. Results The MTT assay showed that methyl jasmonate significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of the FAP regimen in multidrug resistant H22/FAP cells. Methyl jasmonate (10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) combined with FAP significantly increased survival time in BALB/c mice by 44.25% and 48.01%, respectively, compared with FAP. Methyl jasmonate increased P-gp ATPase activity. Conclusion The combined use of methyl jasmonate and the FAP regimen might be a novel strategy for overcoming the multidrug resistance often observed in hepatocellular carcinoma.
J wave is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li Yanbing , Mao Jun , Yan Qian , Qi Shuyuan , Liu Xiaoyan , Tan Chen , Zhang Ying , Shi Liang , Tian Ying , Wu Yongquan , Zeng Yujie , Wang Jiyun , Chu Jianmin , Ma Changsheng , Liu Xingpeng , Yang Xinchun 
Published: July 2013

Aims A retrospective, case–control study to investigate the J wave, a J-point elevation on resting 12-lead electrocardiograms, as a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods Patients with HCM and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were performed. The prevalence and related characteristics of J waves were assessed. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 47.9 months. Results Patients with HCM ( n = 345) had significantly higher prevalence of J waves than healthy controls ( n = 690; 11.6% and 7.1%, respectively). During follow-up, 14 patients with HCM experienced SCA (SCA subgroup). The prevalence of J waves was significantly higher in the SCA subgroup than in the non-SCA subgroup (42.9% and 10.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the SCA and non-SCA subgroups in J wave morphology. Conclusion The J wave may be a risk factor for SCA in patients with HCM.
Predictors of Suffering in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Krikorian Alicia , Limonero Joaquín T. , Román Juan Pablo , Vargas John Jairo , Palacio Carolina 
Published: July 2013

Context: Suffering is a complex experience. Identifying its predictors is useful to signal at-risk patients. Objective: To identify suffering predictors in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care. Methods: A total of 98 patients participated in the study. A semistructured interview examining suffering levels and physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects was used. Instruments included Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), Detection of emotional distress (DED), and Structured Interview of Symptoms and Concern (SISC). Variance-based structural equation model was used for the data analysis. Results: All measures were valid and reliable. The structural model explained 64% of the variance. Suffering levels were directly determined by psychological and adjustment problems and indirectly determined by physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects and coping strategies. Conclusion: Our study supports the proposed theoretical model and signals the important mediating effect of psychological and spiritual variables between physical symptoms and suffering.
Diabetes information technology in UK diabetes secondary care: a snapshot
Authors: Parker Vicki ER , Simmons David 
Published: July 2013

Background: Primary care in the United Kingdom primarily uses electronic record systems. We performed a national survey of electronic records systems used by secondary care diabetes centres in the UK. Methods: A short questionnaire on usage of electronic records was sent to secondary care diabetes centres across the UK between October 2009 and March 2010. Results: Responses were received from 117/193 (60.6%) centres. Among responding sites, 85 (73%) use a form of electronic records. The most frequently used electronic records were Diamond (20; 24%) or an in-house system (20; 24%). Overall, 14 different types of electronic record were in current use with ProWellness (12%) and SystmOne (9%) being the third and fourth most frequently used. Only three (3%) centres were using an electronic record with the ability to interface with hospital and primary care information technology (IT) systems. Of those who have existing electronic records, 23 (27%) were considering changing their current software. Of those without electronic records, 20 (63%) had plans to introduce an electronic records system. Conclusions: The importance of an IT infrastructure was highlighted in the National Service Framework for Diabetes outlined in 2001. We have identified that the majority of centres are using electronic records for diabetes care. However, only a minority have a system which has an optimal array of functions including interfacing with primary care. Furthermore, there is significant diversity in the types of electronic records in current use and this may have implications for variations in patient care and information connectivity across the NHS.
Is There an Alternative to the Surgical Above-Knee Bypass in Treatment of Superficial Femoral Artery Disease? Experiences With Viabahn Stent Graft
Authors: Jebran A. Fawad , Popov Aron F. , Zenker Dieter , Bireta Christian , Friedrich Martin , Danner Bernhard C. , Bougioukas Ioannis , Schoendube Friedrich A. , Stojanovic Tomislav 
Published: July 2013

Objective: We conducted a retrospective study to compare short- and mid-term patencies of Viabahn with surgical above-knee prosthetic bypass (pAKB). Methods: The records of 52 patients with either pAKB (n = 25) or Viabahn (n = 27) were reviewed. The majority had Rutherford clinical grade 3. Patients were followed after 3, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Results: For Viabahn, the short-term (1-16 months) primary patency rate was 60% with a secondary patency rate of 90%, and mid-term (1-68 months) patencies of 47% and 83.3%, respectively. In pAKB, the short-term results revealed a primary patency rate of 78% with a secondary patency of 91% and mid-term results of 65% and 90%, respectively. No statistical difference was found concerning short-term patencies. Mid-term primary patency was lower for Viabahn ( P < .05) and secondary patency proved no significant difference. Conclusion: Viabahn revealed similar short-term primary and secondary patencies but lower mid-term primary patency. It provides a good alternative therapy to pAKB.
Active surveillance: a cautionary tale
Authors: Segaran S , Jelski J , Burns-Cox N 
Published: July 2013

Objective To determine if the practice of active surveillance for prostate cancer (PCa) at the District General Hospital (DGH) level produces outcomes in keeping with those published from clinical trials. Subjects A cohort of 47 patients started on active surveillance for prostate cancer in 2002–2003. Methods Retrospective review of case notes, electronic records and the regional cancer register. Results This cohort of patients had significantly higher disease-specific mortality and greater progression to palliative forms of management compared to previously published studies. Conclusion The implementation of AS in routine clinical practice may be inconsistent, potentially leading to compromised patient outcomes.
Targeting apoptosis to induce stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism and long-term allograft survival without myelosuppressive conditioning in mice
Authors: Cippà Pietro E. , Gabriel Sarah S. , Chen Jin , Bardwell Philip D. , Bushell Andrew , Guimezanes Annick , Kraus Anna K. , Wekerle Thomas , Wüthrich Rudolf P. , Fehr Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Key PointsImmunological tolerance can be achieved by direct modulation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in peripheral lymphocytes.
Increased circulating levels of neurotrophins and elevated expression of their high-affinity receptors on skin and gut mast cells in mastocytosis
Authors: Peng Wen-Ming , Maintz Laura , Allam Jean-Pierre , Raap Ulrike , Gütgemann Ines , Kirfel Jutta , Wardelmann Eva , Perner Sven , Zhao Wei , Fimmers Rolf , Walgenbach Klaus , Oldenburg Johannes , Schwartz Lawrence B. , Novak Natalija 
Published: July 2013

Key Points
Patients with mastocytosis feature increased NT serum levels and elevated expression of modified NT receptors on skin and gut MCs. NTs might contribute to mastocytosis via increased migration of MC progenitors, MC differentiation, proliferation, and/or survival.
Long-term remission of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis after rituximab therapy
Authors: Cornec Divi , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie , Jousse-Joulin Sandrine , Marhadour Thierry , Ugo Valérie , Berthou Christian , Douet-Guilbert Nathalie , Saraux Alain 
Published: July 2013

Key Points
Rituximab may be a safe and effective therapy in patients with both large granular lymphocyte leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis. LGLL in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be a reactive manifestation of chronic autoantigen stimulation rather than a true concomitant malignancy.
Crystal structure of the prothrombinase complex from the venom of Pseudonaja textilis
Authors: Lechtenberg Bernhard C. , Murray-Rust Thomas A. , Johnson Daniel J. D. , Adams Ty E. , Krishnaswamy Sriram , Camire Rodney M. , Huntington James A. 
Published: July 2013

Key PointsThe crystal structure of pro-pseutarin C reveals how the prothrombinase complex assembles and suggests a mechanism of prothrombin processing.
Development of microsatellite markers by transcriptome sequencing in two species of Amorphophallus (Araceae)
Authors: Zheng Xingfei , Pan Cheng , Diao Ying , You Yongning , Yang Chaozhu , Hu Zhongli 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background

Amorphophallus is a genus of perennial plants widely distributed in the tropics or subtropics of West Africa and South Asia. Its corms contain a high level of water-soluble glucomannan; therefore, it has long been used as a medicinal herb and food source. Genetic studies of Amorphophallus have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers. A large number of molecular markers are required for genetic diversity study and improving disease resistance in Amorphophallus. Here, we report large scale of transcriptome sequencing of two species: Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus bulbifer using deep sequencing technology, and microsatellite (SSR) markers were identified based on these transcriptome sequences.

Results
cDNAs of A. konjac and A. bulbifer were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing technology. A total of 135,822 non-redundant unigenes were assembled from about 9.66 gigabases, and 19,596 SSRs were identified in 16,027 non-redundant unigenes. Di-nucleotide SSRs were the most abundant motif (61.6%), followed by tri- (30.3%), tetra- (5.6%), penta- (1.5%), and hexa-nucleotides (1%) repeats. The top di- and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs included AG/CT (45.2%) and AGG/CCT (7.1%), respectively. A total of 10,754 primer pairs were designed for marker development. Of these, 320 primers were synthesized and used for validation of amplification and assessment of polymorphisms in 25 individual plants. The total of 275 primer pairs yielded PCR amplification products, of which 205 were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 14 and the polymorphism information content valued ranged from 0.10 to 0.90. Genetic diversity analysis was done using 177 highly polymorphic SSR markers. A phenogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients was constructed, which showed a distinct cluster of 25 Amorphophallus individuals.

Conclusion
A total of 10,754 SSR markers have been identified in Amorphophallus using transcriptome sequencing. One hundred and seventy-seven polymorphic markers were successfully validated in 25 individuals. The large number of genetic markers developed in the present study should contribute greatly to research into genetic diversity and germplasm characterization in Amorphophallus.