bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a new t2* algorithm and its uncertainty value for cardiac and liver iron load determination from MRI magnitude images
Authors: Bidhult Sebastian , Xanthis Christos G. , Liljekvist Love Lindau , Greil Gerald , Nagel Eike , Aletras Anthony H. , Heiberg Einar , Hedström Erik 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo validate an automatic algorithm for offline T2* measurements, providing robust, vendor‐independent T2*, and uncertainty estimates for iron load quantification in the heart and liver using clinically available imaging sequences.MethodsA T2* region of interest (ROI)‐based algorithm was developed for robustness in an offline setting. Phantom imaging was performed on a 1.5 Tesla system, with clinically available multiecho gradient‐recalled‐echo (GRE) sequences for cardiac and liver imaging. A T2* single‐echo GRE sequence was used as reference. Simulations were performed to assess accuracy and precision from 2000 measurements. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was obtained in a patient study (n = 23).ResultsSimulations: Accuracy, in terms of the mean differences between the proposed method and true T2* ranged from 0–0.73 ms. Precision, in terms of confidence intervals of repeated measurements, was 0.06–4.74 ms showing agreement between the proposed uncertainty estimate and simulations. Phantom study: Bias and variability were 0.26 ± 4.23 ms (cardiac sequence) and −0.23 ± 1.69 ms (liver sequence). Patient study: Intraobserver variability was similar for experienced and inexperienced observers (0.03 ± 1.44 ms versus 0.16 ± 2.33 ms). Interobserver variability was 1.0 ± 3.77 ms for the heart and −0.52 ± 2.75 ms for the liver.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm was shown to provide robust T2* measurements and uncertainty estimates over the range of clinically relevant T2* values. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Magn Reson Med 75:1717–1729, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
Extended CFD–DEM for free‐surface flow with multi‐size granules
Authors: Jing L. , Kwok C. Y. , Leung Y. F. , Sobral Y. D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryComputational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD–DEM) is extended with the volume of fluid (VOF) method to model free‐surface flows. The fluid is described on coarse CFD grids by solving locally averaged Navier–Stokes equations, and particles are modelled individually in DEM. Fluid–particle interactions are achieved by exchanging information between DEM and CFD. An advection equation is applied to solve the phase fraction of liquid, in the spirit of VOF, to capture the dynamics of free fluid surface. It also allows inter‐phase volume replacements between the fluid and solid particles. Further, as the size ratio (SR) of fluid cell to particle diameter is limited (i.e. no less than 4) in coarse‐grid CFD–DEM, a porous sphere method is adopted to permit a wider range of particle size without sacrificing the resolution of fluid grids. It makes use of more fluid cells to calculate local porosities. The developed solver (cfdemSolverVOF) is validated in different cases. A dam break case validates the CFD‐component and VOF‐component. Particle sedimentation tests validate the CFD–DEM interaction at various Reynolds numbers. Water‐level rising tests validate the volume exchange among phases. The porous sphere model is validated in both static and dynamic situations. Sensitivity analyses show that the SR can be reduced to 1 using the porous sphere approach, with the accuracy of analyses maintained. This allows more details of the fluid phase to be revealed in the analyses and enhances the applicability of the proposed model to geotechnical problems, where a highly dynamic fluid velocity and a wide range of particle sizes are encountered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Children's Continence Society standardization report on urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in children
Authors: Bauer Stuart B. , Nijman Rien J.M. , Drzewiecki Beth A. , Sillen Ulla , Hoebeke Piet 
Published: May 2015

AimsThe objective of this document created by the ICCS standardization subcommittee is to provide a uniform guideline on measurement, quality control and documentation of urodynamic studies in children.MethodsThis guideline was created using expert opinion and critical review of the published literature on urodynamic studies in children. Currently no standardized guideline or level 1 data exists on the proper technique for this subject matter.ResultsThe document provides a throughout explanation on how to approach a child who presents with lower urinary tract dysfunction, whether it be of neurogenic, anatomic or functional origin. Formation of an urodynamic question after a comprehensive history and physical examination is paramount in selecting the urodynamic study(ies) that will be most appropriate for each child. Appropriate application of each test with careful consideration of the needs of the child and family will provide the most accurate and reproducible results. Recommendations on how to execute each of the components of an urodynamic study as well as interpretation are included in the document.ConclusionsUrodynamic studies have become a major tool in evaluating lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. There are many subtleties in performing these studies in children in juxtaposition to adults; therefore, adaptations specific to children must be made to achieve accurate and reproducible results. Uniformity in how the studies are conducted from center to center will allow for healthier transparency and enhanced comparison of results in both clinical and research situations. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:???–???, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solitary surfactant assisted morphology dependent chemiresistive polyaniline sensors for room temperature monitoring of low parts per million sulfur dioxide
Authors: Chaudhary Vishal , Kaur Amarjeet 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report the novel application of cetryltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted polyaniline (PAN) nanostructures to fabricate cost effective chemiresistive sensors for monitoring a low parts per million level of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at room temperature. PAN nanoparticles (NPs, diameter ca 200 nm), nanofibres (NFs, diameter ca 100 nm) and nanoneedles (NNs, diameter ca 50 nm) were synthesized via template‐directed chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline by varying concentration of the solitary cationic surfactant CTAB (from 5 mmol L−1 to 15 mmol L−1). It was observed that the PAN NN based sensing device showed an excellent sensing response (ca 4.2%) towards a low concentration of SO2 (10 ppm) compared to the device based on PAN NFs (ca 3%) and PAN NPs (ca 1.2%) at room temperature. The PAN NN based sensing device was also found to be efficient in terms of stability, selectivity, reproducibility, recovery and response time, and detection range. The mechanism of SO2 sensing has been explored for the first time by using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal transition from hydrated chitosan and chitosan/monocarboxylic acid complex to anhydrous chitosan investigated by X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Naito Philip‐Kunio , Ogawa Yu , Kimura Satoshi , Iwata Tadahisa , Wada Masahisa 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe have studied the crystal transition behaviors from hydrated chitosan to anhydrous chitosan by X‐ray diffraction analyses. Hydrated chitosan prepared by deacetylation of crustacean α‐chitin was subjected to the two conversion methods, hydrothermal treatment and high‐humidity treatment via chitosan/monocarboxylic acid complex. The transition by hydrothermal treatment progressed with increasing treatment temperature and time, and the rapid transition occurred above 200 °C. Chitosan/acetic acid complex and chitosan/formic acid complex were prepared by immersing hydrated chitosan in acid solution. The transition from chitosan/acetic acid complex to anhydrous chitosan in high relative humidity condition proceeded with increasing temperature and was complete at 80 °C for 1 h, whereas chitosan/formic acid complex did not convert to anhydrous chitosan under the same conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1065–1069
Place Attachment and Mobility in City Regions
Authors: Westin Kerstin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe development of city regions can be regarded as both a driving force behind and a consequence of increased interaction between firms and people in a region. This paper focuses on people's place attachment to different geographic levels – neighbourhood, residential municipality, and city region – and the relationship between place attachment and mobility. In the present paper, the issues of whether attachment differs between residents in small versus large regions, between the centre and hinterlands, and of whether there is a relationship between attachment and mobility (commuting and migrating) are in focus. The analyses are based on a questionnaire distributed in 2009 to 6000 citizens in the city regions Göteborg and Umeå in Sweden. The study shows a relationship between mobility and attachment to the neighbourhood and residential municipality but not with the city region. Satisfaction with the social life in the neighbourhood and public services in the residential municipality were shown to be important for the respondents, place attachment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical initial conditions and an analysis of baroclinic instability waves in f ‐ and β‐plane 3D channel models
Authors: Ullrich P. A. , Reed K. A. , Jablonowski C. 
Published: May 2015

The article presents a description of idealized, balanced initial conditions for dry 3D channel models with either the hydrostatic or non‐hydrostatic shallow‐atmosphere equation set. Both the analytical expressions for an f‐ and β‐plane configuration are provided and possible variations are discussed. The initialization with an overlaid perturbation is then used for baroclinic instability studies which can serve either as a test case for the numerical discretization or for physical science investigations such as the impact of the Coriolis parameter on the evolution of baroclinic waves.Example results for two channel models are presented: the MCore and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) models. The simulations show that the evolution of the baroclinic wave on the β‐plane is more unstable than the corresponding f‐plane configuration, experiencing a faster linear growth rate of the most unstable wave mode, a shorter most unstable wavelength, a narrower meridional width, and an earlier breaking of the baroclinic wave. A theoretical analysis based on linearized quasi‐geostrophic (QG) theory sheds light on these findings. It is shown that the simulated baroclinic instability waves on both the f‐ and β‐plane closely match the predicted wavelength, shape and linear growth rate obtained from the QG theory, thus validating the model results.
Postprandial glycaemic response: how is it influenced by characteristics of cereal products?
Authors: Meynier Alexandra , Goux Aurélie , Atkinson Fiona , Brack Olivier , Vinoy Sophie 
Published: May 2015

Cereal products exhibit a wide range of glycaemic indexes (GI), but the interaction of their different nutrients and starch digestibility on blood glucose response is not well known. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate how cereal product characteristics can contribute to GI and insulinaemic index and to the parameters describing glycaemic or insulinaemic responses (incremental AUC, maximum concentration and Δpeak). Moreover, interactions between the different cereal products characteristics and glycaemic response parameters were assessed for the first time. Relationships between the cereal products characteristics and the glycaemic response were analysed by partial least square regressions, followed by modelling. A database including 190 cereal products tested by the usual GI methodology was used. The model on glycaemic responses showed that slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and fat and fibres, and several interactions involving them, significantly explain GI by 53 % and Δpeakof glycaemia by 60 %. Fat and fibres had important contributions to glycaemic response at low and medium SDS contents in cereal products, but this effect disappears at high SDS levels. We showed also for the first time that glycaemic response parameters are dependent on interactions between starch digestibility (interaction between SDS and RDS) and nutritional composition (interaction between fat and fibres) of the cereal products. We also demonstrated the non-linear effect of fat and fibres (significant effect of their quadratic terms). Hence, optimising both the formula and the manufacturing process of cereal products can improve glucose metabolism, which is recognised as strongly influential on human health.
Intake of indigestible carbohydrates influences IgA response and polymeric Ig receptor expression in the rat submandibular gland
Authors: Yamamoto Yuko , To Masahiro , Hayashi Takashi , Shimizu Tomoko , Kamata Yohei , Saruta Juri , Takahashi Toru , Tsukinoki Keiichi 
Published: May 2015

Secretory IgA in the saliva is essential for protection from mucosally transmitted pathogens and maintaining homeostasis at mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity. Expression of submandibular gland polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is essential for IgA secretion. In the present study, we investigated the influence of indigestible carbohydrates on IgA production in the salivary gland and saliva. Five-week-old rats were fed a fibre-free diet (control), or a diet with 5 % (w/w) fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) or a combination of 2·5 % (w/w) polydextrose (PDX) and 2·5 % (w/w) lactitol for 21-d. IgA concentrations in the caecal digesta, submandibular gland tissue, and saliva in the FOS and PDX+lactitol diet groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0·05). The increase in IgA in the submandibular gland tissue was confirmed using immunohistochemical analysis. However, the IgA concentrations of serum did not differ between the FOS or PDX+lactitol groups and the control group (P= 0·5). In the FOS and PDX+lactitol groups, thepIgRmRNA (pIgR/β-actin) expression level in the submandibular gland tissue was significantly higher than that in the control group (P< 0·05). The present study suggests that indigestible carbohydrates play an important role in the increase in IgA concentrations in the submandibular gland tissue, saliva, and caecal digesta.
Association mapping and favourable allele exploration for plant architecture traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) accessions
Authors: LI C. Q. , AI N. J. , ZHU Y. J. , WANG Y. Q. , CHEN X. D. , LI F. , HU Q. Y. , WANG Q. L. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYAssociation mapping based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a promising tool to identify genes responsible for quantitative variations underlying complex traits. The present paper presents an association mapping panel consisting of 172 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) accessions. The panel was phenotyped for five cotton plant architecture traits across multiple environments and genotyped using 386 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of these markers, 101 polymorphic SSR markers were used in the final analysis. There were abundant phenotypic variations within this germplasm panel and a total of 267 alleles ranging from two to seven per locus were identified in all collections. The threshold of LD decay was set tor2= 0·1 and 0·2, and the genome-wide LD extended up to about 13–14 and 6–7 cM, respectively, providing the potential for association mapping of agronomically important traits in upland cotton. A total of 66 marker–trait associations were detected based on a mixed linear model, of which 35 were found in more than one environment. The favourable alleles from 35 marker loci can be used in marker-assisted selection of target traits. Both the synergistic alleles and the negative alleles for some traits, especially plant height and fruit branch angle, can be utilized in plant architecture breeding programmes according to specific breeding objectives.
THE BIOLOGICAL STATUS OF CHILDREN LIVING IN DISADVANTAGED REGIONS OF HUNGARY
Authors: Bodzsar Eva B. , Zsakai Annamaria , Utczas Katinka , Mascie-Taylor C. G. Nicholas 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to find out whether differences exist in the physical development, nutritional status and psychosomatic status of children living in deprived regions of Hungary compared with the Hungarian national reference values. The Hungarian government’s decree No. 24/2003 created a complex indicator of social and economic conditions by which the country’s regions were graded into deprived and non-deprived regions. This study examined 3128 children (aged 3–18 years) living in the deprived regions and their biological status was compared with the national reference values (2nd Hungarian National Growth Study). Children’s body development was assessed via some absolute body dimensions. Nutritional status was estimated by BMI with children being divided into ‘underweight’, ‘normal’, ‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ categories. For children aged 7–18 years a standard symptoms list was used to characterize psychosomatic status. The subjects were asked to rate their health status as excellent, good, fair or poor. The body development of children living in these deprived regions was significantly retarded compared with the national references in the age groups 7–9 years and 14–17 years for boys and in the age groups 4–6 and 14–17 for girls. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in children and adolescents living in deprived regions (boys: 4.8%; girls: 5.9%) than the national references (boys: 2.9%; girls: 4.0%), while the prevalence of overweight and obese children did not differ between deprived regions (boys: 20.2%; girls: 19.8%) and the national references (boys: 21.5%; girls: 19.1%). Children and adolescents living in the deprived regions rated their health status worse, and experienced more psychosomatic complaints (abdominal discomfort and fear), than the national references. Although the majority of body dimensions of children in deprived regions were close to the 50th centile of the Hungarian national references, a sizeable minority (31%) were 0.20SD or more away from the median value, which has implications as to how social, medical and public welfare policy can be shaped.
Cognitive performance during the first year of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case–control study
Authors: Olivier M. R. , Killian S. , Chiliza B. , Asmal L. , Schoeman R. , Oosthuizen P. P. , Kidd M. , Emsley R. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundSeveral questions remain unanswered regarding the magnitude and time course of cognitive improvement in response to antipsychotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in cognitive performance in antipsychotic-naive or minimally medicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia during the first 12 months of treatment, in a case–control design. Patients were treated with flupenthixol decanoate depot injection, according to a standard algorithm. The primary outcome measure was change in MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) composite score over 12 months.MethodThe sample comprised 92 patients and 100 healthy controls matched for age, sex, ethnicity and educational status. Cognitive function was assessed by means of the MCCB.ResultsA mixed-effects model identified a significant group × time effect (p ≤ 0.0001) for the MCCB composite score, with patients showing a greater degree of change than the controls. For the other MCCB domains there were significant group × time effects at adjusted significance level for attention and vigilance (p ≤ 0.0001), visual learning (p ≤ 0.0001), verbal learning (p = 0.005) and working memory (p ≤ 0.0001), but not for reasoning and problem solving (p = 0.04), speed of processing (p = 0.03) and social cognition (p = 0.06). There were moderate correlations between change in MCCB composite score and change in symptomatology as assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factor analysis-derived domains.ConclusionsSubstantial improvements in cognitive function were observed over and above a practice effect, and were significantly correlated with improvements in psychopathology and functionality.
Rapid learning of minimally different words in five- to six-year-old children: effects of acoustic salience and hearing impairment
Authors: GIEZEN MARCEL R. , ESCUDERO PAOLA , BAKER ANNE E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the role of acoustic salience and hearing impairment in learning phonologically minimal pairs. Picture-matching and object-matching tasks were used to investigate the learning of consonant and vowel minimal pairs in five- to six-year-old deaf children with a cochlear implant (CI), and children of the same age with normal hearing (NH). In both tasks, the CI children showed clear difficulties with learning minimal pairs. The NH children also showed some difficulties, however, particularly in the picture-matching task. Vowel minimal pairs were learned more successfully than consonant minimal pairs, particularly in the object-matching task. These results suggest that the ability to encode phonetic detail in novel words is not fully developed at age six and is affected by task demands and acoustic salience. CI children experience persistent difficulties with accurately mapping sound contrasts to novel meanings, but seem to benefit from the relative acoustic salience of vowel sounds.
Temporal and spatial association of Streptococcus suis infection in humans and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreaks in pigs in northern Vietnam
Authors: HUONG V. T. L. , THANH L. V. , PHU V. D. , TRINH D. T. , INUI K. , TUNG N. , OANH N. T. K. , TRUNG N. V. , HOA N. T. , BRYANT J. E. , HORBY P. W. , KINH N. V. , WERTHEIM H. F. L. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreaks in pigs are associated with increased susceptibility of pigs to secondary bacterial infections, including Streptococcus suis – an important zoonotic pathogen causing bacterial meningitis in humans. This case-control study examined the association between human S. suis infection and PRRS outbreaks in pigs in northern Vietnam. We included 90 S. suis case-patients and 183 non-S. suis sepsis controls from a referral hospital in Hanoi in 2010, a period of major PRRS epizootics in Vietnam. PRRS exposure was determined using data from the National Centre of Veterinary Diagnosis. By univariate analysis, significantly more S. suis patients were reported residing in or adjacent to a PRRS district compared to controls [odds ratio (OR) 2·82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·35–5·89 and OR 3·15, 95% CI 1·62–6·15, respectively]. Only residency in adjacent districts remained significantly associated with risk of S. suis infection after adjusting for sex, occupation, and eating practices. SaTScan analysis showed a possible cluster of S. suis infection in humans around PRRS confirmed locations during the March–August period. The findings indicate an epidemiological association between PRRS in pigs and S. suis infections in humans. Effective strategies to strengthen control of PRRS in pigs may help reduce transmission of S. suis infection to humans.