bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Differential Influence of Vowels and Palatal Covering on Nasalance Scores
Authors: Blanton Ann , Watterson Thomas , Lewis Kerry 
Published: May 2014

Objective To investigate whether nasalance scores would differ when the hard palate and soft palate were covered during speech. Design Nasalance scores were obtained during production of sentence stimuli loaded with differing vowel content across three conditions: (1) hard and soft palate uncovered (U); (2) hard palate covered by acrylic appliance (H); (3) both hard and soft palate covered by acrylic appliance (B). Sentences were loaded with high front, low front, high back, low back, or mixed vowels. Velopharyngeal closure was verified by nasoendoscopy. Participants Six female adults with normal speech and resonance provided the speech samples. Main Outcome Measures Nasalance scores for each of five sentences in each of three palatal conditions. Results Mixed and high front sentences had significantly higher mean nasalance scores in the U ( P < .01) and H ( P < .05) conditions but not in the B condition. For all sentence stimuli combined across palatal conditions, there was a significant difference in mean nasalance scores between H and B conditions ( P < .05) but not between the U condition and either the H or B conditions ( P > .05). Conclusions Data suggest that the primary place of transpalatal transfer of acoustic energy was the soft palate but only sentences with high-front vowels were affected by this phenomenon.
Clinical Features in Patients with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Ascertained by Palatal Abnormalities
Authors: Vieira Társis P. , Monteiro Fabíola P. , Sgardioli Ilária C. , Souza Josiane , Fett-Conte Agnes C. , Monlleó Isabella L. , Fontes Marshall B. , Félix Têmis , Leal Gabriela F. , Ribeiro Erlane Marques , Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes Vera L. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe clinical features in subjects with palatal abnormalities and to assess the distribution of these features among those with and without 22q11.2 deletion. Design Descriptive cohort. Patients One hundred patients with palatal abnormalities and suspicion of 22q11.2 DS were included. Methods All patients were evaluated by a clinical geneticist, who completed a standardized clinical protocol. The 22q11.2 deletion screening was performed with fluorescence in situ hybridization using the TUPLE1 probe and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification using the P250-A1 kit. Results The 22q11.2 deletion was detected in 35 patients, in whom the most frequent clinical features were congenital heart disease (15/30 – 50%), developmental delay (19/35 – 54%), speech delay (20/35 – 57%), learning disabilities (27/35 – 77%), immunologic alterations (18/29 – 62%). In addition, the most common facial dysmorphisms in this group were long face (27/35 – 77%), typical nose (24/35 – 69%), and hooded eyelids (19/35 – 54%). Comparing features in patients with or without the deletion revealed significant differences (positively correlated with the deletion) for speech delay, learning disabilities, conductive hearing loss, number of dysmorphisms, long face, and hooded eyelids. Cleft lip and palate was negatively correlated with the deletion. Conclusions The presence of speech delay, learning disabilities, conductive hearing loss, long face, and hooded eyelids should reinforce the suspicion of 22q11.2 DS in patients with palatal abnormalities and would help professionals direct clinical follow-up of these patients.
Presurgical Cleft Lip Anthropometrics and Dental Arch Relationships in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Adibfar Alex , Tompson Bryan D. , Daskalogiannakis John , Fisher David M. 
Published: May 2014

Objective To investigate associations between anthropometric lip measurements and dental arch relationships in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients Children with CUCLP. Methods Anthropometric lip measurements, made immediately prior to lip repair, were available for each patient. The dental arch relationships were evaluated on dental study casts (8.6 ± 0.9 years) taken prior to any orthodontic treatment and prior to alveolar bone graft, using the modified Huddart and Bodenham (MHB) scoring system. The presence of associations between anthropometric lip measurements and dental arch relationships was determined using linear regression analysis. Results In the 63 patients included in the study, the cleft lateral lip element was deficient in height in 87% and in transverse width in 86% of patients. Patients with more deficient cleft-side lateral lip height were more likely to present with more negative MHB scores ( r = .443; P < .001). Conversely, patients with more deficient cleft-side lateral lip transverse width more often presented with more positive MHB scores ( r = .281; P = .025). Conclusions In patients with CUCLP, there is a wide variability in the degree of deficiency of the cleft-side lateral lip element, both in the vertical and in the transverse dimension. The extent of this deficiency may, in part, predict the resulting dental arch relationships.
The Effect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation on Audit Quality and Audit Fees: Empirical Evidence from the Korean Audit Market
Authors: Kwon Soo Young , Lim Youngdeok , Simnett Roger 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARY:
Using a unique setting in which mandatory audit firm rotation was required from 2006–2010, and in which both audit fees and audit hours were disclosed (South Korea), this study provides empirical evidence of the economic impact of this policy initiative on audit quality, and the associated implications for audit fees. This study compares both pre- and post-policy implementation and, after the implementation of the policy, mandatory long-tenure versus voluntary short-tenure rotation situations. Where audit firms were mandatorily rotated post-policy, we observe that audit quality (measured as abnormal discretionary accruals) did not significantly change compared with pre-2006 long-tenure audit situations and voluntary post-rotation situations. Audit fees in the post-regulation period for mandatorily rotated engagements are significantly larger than in the pre-regulation period, but are discounted compared to audit fees for post-regulation continuing engagements. We also find that the observed increase in audit fees and audit hours in the post-regulation period extends beyond situations where the audit firm was mandatorily rotated, suggesting that the introduction of mandatory audit firm rotation had a much broader impact than the specific instances of mandatory rotation.
Data Availability: Most of the financial data used in the present study are available from the KIS Value Database. The data for audit hours and fees were drawn from statements of operating results filed with the Financial Supervisory Services (FSS) in Korea.
The Tucker Technique: The Proximal Hollow Grind to Address a Root Concavity
Authors: Hess TA 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARY
Cast gold inlays have long been used to conservatively restore compromised tooth structure. When the mesial or distal proximal surfaces are indicated for restoration and a cast gold restoration is desired, traditionally a box is prepared with an external bevel. Often a root concavity does not allow for a standard box form or the external and/or internal bevels. A proximal hollow grind can be utilized to address limits of standard inlay or onlay preparation design.
Dirac and Plateau billiards in domains with corners
Authors: Gromov Misha 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Groping our way toward a theory of singular spaces with positive scalar curvatures we look at the Dirac operator and a generalized Plateau problem in Riemannian manifolds with corners. Using these, we prove that the set of C
2-smooth Riemannian metrics g on a smooth manifold X, such that scalg(x) ≥ κ(x), is closed under C
0-limits of Riemannian metrics for all continuous functions κ on X. Apart from that our progress is limited but we formulate many conjectures. All along, we emphasize geometry, rather than topology of manifolds with their scalar curvatures bounded from below.
On colored set partitions of type B n
Authors: Wang David 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGeneralizing Reiner’s notion of set partitions of type B n, we define colored B n-partitions by coloring the elements in and not in the zero-block respectively. Considering the generating function of colored B n-partitions, we get the exact formulas for the expectation and variance of the number of non-zero-blocks in a random colored B n-partition. We find an asymptotic expression of the total number of colored B n-partitions up to an error of O(n −1/2log7/2 n], and prove that the centralized and normalized number of non-zero-blocks is asymptotic normal over colored B n-partitions.
Parity-alternating permutations and successions
Authors: Munagi Augustine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe study of parity-alternating permutations of {1, 2, … n} is extended to permutations containing a prescribed number of parity successions — adjacent pairs of elements of the same parity. Several enumeration formulae are computed for permutations containing a given number of parity successions, in conjunction with further parity and length restrictions. The objects are classified using direct construction and elementary combinatorial techniques. Analogous results are derived for circular permutations.
On a type of distributivity of lattice ordered groups
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Let m be an infinite cardinal. Inspired by a result of Sikorski on m-representability of Boolean algebras, we introduce the notion of r
m-distributive lattice ordered group. We prove that the collection of all such lattice ordered groups is a radical class. Using the mentioned notion, we define and investigate a homogeneity condition for lattice ordered groups.
On the Carathéodory superposition of multifunctions and an existence theorem
Authors: Kwiecińska Grażyna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Let I ⊂ ℝ be an interval and Y a reflexive Banach space. We introduce the (H) property of a multifunction F from I × Y to Y and prove that the Carathéodory superposition of F with each continuous function f from I to Y is a derivative provided that F has the (H) property. Some application of this theorem to the existence of solutions of differential inclusions f′(x) ∈ F(x, f(x)) is given.
Uniqueness of uniform norm and C*-norm in L
p(G, ω)
Authors: Akbarbaglu Ibrahim , Heydarpour Majid , Maghsoudi Saeid 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Let G be a locally compact abelian group with a fixed Haar measure and ω be a weight on G. For 1 < p < ∞, we study uniqueness of uniform and C*-norm properties of the invariant weighted algebra L
p(G, ω).
Local and 2-local derivations on noncommutative Arens algebras
Authors: Ayupov Shavkat , Kudaybergenov Karimbergen , Nurjanov Berdakh , Alauadinov Amir 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper is devoted to so-called local and 2-local derivations on the noncommutative Arens algebra L
ω(M,τ) associated with a von Neumann algebra M and a faithful normal semi-finite trace τ. We prove that every 2-local derivation on L
ω(M,τ) is a spatial derivation, and if M is a finite von Neumann algebra, then each local derivation on L
ω(M,τ) is also a spatial derivation and every 2-local derivation on M is in fact an inner derivation.
Strong and weak convergence theorems for fixed points of a class of nonlinear mappings
Authors: Wu Changqun , Wei Zhiqiang , Li Yu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the class of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings is considered. A weak convergence theorem of Mann-type iterative algorithm is established. Hybrid projection methods are considered for the class of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Strong convergence theorems are also established in the framework of Hilbert spaces.
On a family of q-binomial distributions
Authors: Zeiner Martin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We introduce a family of q-analogues of the binomial distribution, which generalises the Stieltjes-Wigert-, Rogers-Szegö-, and Kemp-distribution. Basic properties of this family are provided and several convergence results involving the classical binomial, Poisson, discrete normal distribution, and a family of q-analogues of the Poisson distribution are established. These results generalize convergence properties of Kemp’s-distribution, and some of them are q-analogues of classical convergence properties.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Byrsonima cydoniifolia (Malpighiaceae) and cross‐amplification in B. crassifolia
Authors: Bernardes Vanessa , dos Anjos Daniela Elaine , Gondim Sara Giselle de Cássia Alexandre , Murakami Devanir Mitsuyuki , Bizão Nair , Telles Mariana Pires de Campos 
Published: May 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in Byrsonima cydoniifolia (Malpighiaceae) to allow further investigation of genetic variation in natural populations. Cross‐amplification was tested in the related species B. crassifolia.• Methods and Results: Seventeen microsatellite markers were isolated by a microsatellite‐enriched library protocol. Fourteen polymorphic and three monomorphic loci were identified in B. cydoniifolia. The mean number of alleles in the three populations were 6.5, 6.5, and 8.2, ranging from three to 17 for different loci and populations. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.706 and 0.727, respectively. The fixation index was close to zero for all but two loci. Nine microsatellite loci were successfully cross‐amplified in B. crassifolia.• Conclusions: This new set of microsatellite markers will be a useful tool for genetic studies of B. cydoniifolia, supporting strategies for maintaining the genetic diversity of this species and possibly that of many related species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Fimbristylis sericea (Cyperaceae)1
Authors: Yamauchi Satoka , Ohsako Takanori 
Published: May 2014

• Premise of the study: We developed microsatellite markers for Fimbristylis sericea, a coastal herb found in sand dunes in Asia and Australia.• Methods and Results: Twelve microsatellite loci were isolated, and the genetic variability within and among local populations was characterized. The number of alleles per locus was two to five with a mean of 3.5, total expected heterozygosity per locus was 0.069–0.645 with a mean of 0.336, and average expected heterozygosity within a population per locus was 0.051–0.230. Most of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.• Conclusions: All 12 microsatellite loci were polymorphic within and among populations. These loci could be useful genetic markers for population genetic studies of F. sericea populations.
Abundance and Distribution of Mangrove Landbirds in Florida
Authors: Lloyd John D. , Slater Gary L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Florida's mangroves provide habitat for an eclectic mix of bird species, including five taxa rarely found elsewhere in North America. Little is known of the natural history of any of these birds, which poses an obstacle to effective conservation. To help fill some of the basic gaps in our understanding of this avifauna, we conducted extensive surveys in Florida's mangroves during 2008–2011, with the goals of quantifying distribution and estimating breeding-season abundance of mangrove landbirds. We detected 80 species in the mangroves during the breeding season; most were species in Passeriformes (n  =  29), but other important taxa included Ciconiiformes (n  =  13) and Charadriiformes (n  =  12). We focused our analysis on the 18 landbird species (including members of Falconiformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Piciformes, and Passeriformes) that had &gt;90 detections and that were detected at &gt;5% of the survey points. The landbird avifauna of Florida's mangroves is lower in both species richness and total number of individuals than other vegetation types of southern Florida. The breeding assemblage of mangrove landbirds was dominated numerically by four species that accounted for 58% of all detections of landbirds (this same group accounted for 52% of detections of all species encountered): red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus, northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis, Florida prairie warbler Setophaga discolor paludicola, and white-eyed vireo Vireo griseus. Only Florida prairie warbler is restricted to mangroves; the other three species are common throughout much of eastern North America. Each of these species was also widely distributed in the mangroves. Of the other species unique to the mangroves of Florida, black-whiskered vireo Vireo altiloquus was widespread but was less abundant than Florida prairie warbler. White-crowned pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala, gray kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis, and Cuban yellow warbler Setophaga petechia gundlachi were detected only in the Florida Keys and on the islands of Florida Bay, but were found in high densities where present. Mangrove cuckoo Coccyzus minor was found throughout the mangroves but occurred at very low density and at only a small percentage of survey points. Overall, mangrove landbirds reflect the biogeographic condition common throughout southern Florida, in which largely temperate faunas coexist with largely tropical floras. The predominance of temperate species in Florida's mangroves has produced an avifauna apparently more species-rich than that found in the mangroves of West Indian islands, which include additional tropical species but no species of temperate origin.
Association of consecutive Pi2‐Ps6 band pulsations with earthward fast flows in the plasma sheet in response to IMF variations
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Chang , Mann Ian R. , Baumjohann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOn 11 March 2009, the H component had four consecutive bay‐like variations accompanied by positive and negative deflections in the D component across the Atlantic like those affected by the substorm current wedge formation. A train of pulsations with a frequency range 2–10 mHz (referred to as Pi2‐Ps6 band), sensed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)/Canadian Array for Real‐time Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) magnetometers, had clearly three consecutive Pi2s followed by a Ps6 at low latitudes, but first Pi2 and then Ps6 at high latitudes mixed with large‐amplitude Ps6 at midlatitudes. The geostationary orbit magnetometers sensed similar magnetic perturbations. THEMIS probes first observed earthward fast flows, magnetic dipolarizations, and modulated energetic particle fluxes at ~ XGSM −9.2 RE, then at ~ XGSM −7.5 RE for Pi2 and at ~ XGSM −18.0 RE only for Ps6. They appeared during a very quiet period for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with a clock angle variation of low to high and then low. The H spectrum shows two harmonic frequencies ~2–4 mHz and ~8–10 mHz but the D spectrum one dominant frequency ~2–4 mHz. Pi2 can result from a combination of fast magnetospheric and plasmaspheric cavity resonances and Ps6 from a fast magnetospheric cavity resonance. The surface waves at the interface separating braking earthward fast flows from the ambient plasma convection region could lead to large‐amplitude Ps6 at midlatitudes. Hence, consecutive Pi2‐Ps6 band pulsations can be associated with earthward fast flows in the plasma sheet, expectedly driven by magnetotail reconnection, respectively, in the near‐Earth region and the distant Earth one in response to IMF variations as in the two‐neutral‐point model.
Investigation of the temperature gradient instability as the source of midlatitude quiet time decameter‐scale ionospheric irregularities: 1. Observations
Authors: de Larquier S. , Eltrass A. , Mahmoudian A. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Scales W. A. , Erickson P. J. , Greenwald R. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSuper Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars regularly observe decameter‐scale ionospheric irregularities at midlatitudes during quiet geomagnetic conditions. The mechanism responsible for the growth of such irregularities is still unknown. Previous results based on data from the Wallops SuperDARN HF radar and Incoherent Scatter Radar have suggested that the Temperature Gradient Instability (TGI) could be responsible for only part of the observed irregularities. This conclusion was reached based on the relative orientation of horizontal electron temperature and density gradients. However, the TGI theory requires driving gradients to be perpendicular to perpendicular to the geomagnetic field B. Since midlatitude field lines are approximately 20° off vertical, we have reexamined the original data and computed gradients along the meridional direction perpendicular to B. Distinctions have to be made between the topside and bottomside F region due to the strong influence of vertical gradients. We find that the TGI growth is possible in the topside F region for the duration of the experiment, even before irregularities were observed. We show that the absence of observed irregularities during favorable TGI growth conditions is not a consequence of HF propagation but of higher E region electron irregularity growth. We conclude that the TGI is a valid mechanism to explain the generation of all irregularities observed during the experiment.
Investigation of the temperature gradient instability as the source of midlatitude quiet time decameter‐scale ionospheric irregularities: 2. Linear analysis
Authors: Eltrass A. , Mahmoudian A. , Scales W. A. , de Larquier S. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Greenwald R. A. , Erickson P. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrevious joint measurements by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar and the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar located at Wallops Island, Virginia, have identified the presence of opposed meridional electron density and temperature gradients in the region of decameter‐scale electron density irregularities that have been proposed to be responsible for low‐velocity Sub‐Auroral Ionospheric Scatter observed by SuperDARN radars. The temperature gradient instability (TGI) and the gradient drift instability (GDI) have been extended into the kinetic regime appropriate for SuperDARN radar frequencies and investigated as the causes of these irregularities. A time series for the growth rate of both TGI and GDI has been developed for midlatitude ionospheric irregularities observed by SuperDARN Greenwald et al. (2006). The time series is computed for both perpendicular and meridional density and temperature gradients. This growth rate comparison shows that the TGI is the most likely generation mechanism for the irregularities observed during the experiment and the GDI is expected to play a relatively minor role in irregularity generation.