bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing an equifinality model of nonsuicidal self-injury among early adolescent girls
Authors: Keenan Kate , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Wroblewski Kristen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common behavior among females that has been shown to confer risk for continued self-injury and suicidal attempts. NSSI can be viewed conceptually as behavior that is pathognomonic with aggression and/or depression. Empirical research on concurrent correlates supports this concept: numerous and diverse factors are shown to be significantly associated with self-harm, including depression, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and aggression and other conduct problems, as well as environmental stressors such as bullying, harsh parenting, and negative life events. In the present study, we test hypotheses regarding developmental precursors (measured from ages 8 to 12 years) to NSSI in young adolescent girls (ages 13–14 years), specifically whether aggression, depression, and environmental stressors distinguish girls with and without self-harm, and whether there is evidence for multiple developmental pathways to NSSI. Data were derived from the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study. In this community sample of girls, the prevalence of NSSI at ages 13 or 14 years of age was 6.0%. Initial levels in dimensions measured within the depression, aggression, and environmental stressor domains accounted for variance in NSSI in early adolescence. Changes over time in relational aggression and assertiveness were also significantly associated with risk for NSSI. To a large extent, adolescent NSSI was predicted by psychological deficits and stress exposure that began early in childhood. Risk indices were calculated using the 85th or 15th percentile. Close to 80% of girls who engaged in NSSI during adolescence were identified by at least one risk domain in childhood. A sizable proportion of adolescent girls who later engaged in NSSI had childhood risk scores in all three domains; the remaining girls with adolescent NSSI were relatively evenly distributed across the other risk domain profiles. The observation that multiple pathways to NSSI exist suggests that deficits underlying the behavior may vary and require different modes of prevention.
Response to the Bam Earthquake: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of the Top and Middle Level Health Managers in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Moosazadeh Mahmood , Zolala Farzaneh , Sheikhzadeh Khodadad , Safiri Saeid , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake resulted in high casualties and required international and national assistance. This study explored local top and middle level managers’ disaster relief experiences in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake.MethodsUsing qualitative interview methodology, top and middle level health managers employed during the Bam earthquake were identified. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsResults showed that the managers interviewed experienced two main problems. First, inadequacy of preparation of local health organisations, which was due to lack of familiarity of the needs, unavailability of essential needs, and also increasing demands, which were above the participants’ expectations. Second, inappropriateness of delivered donations was perceived as a problem; for example, foods and sanitary materials were either poor quality or expired by date recommended for use. Participants also found international teams to be more well-equipped and organised.ConclusionsDuring the disaster relief period of the response to the Bam earthquake, local health organizations were ill prepared for the event. In addition, donations delivered for relief were often poor quality or expired beyond a usable date.MoosazadehM,ZolalaF,SheikhzadehK,SafiriS,AmiresmailiM.Response to the Bam earthquake: a qualitative study on the experiences of the top and middle level health managers in Kerman, Iran.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(4):1-4.
A cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential and global quality of life in cancer patients: A pilot study
Authors: Gagnon Pierre , Fillion Lise , Robitaille Marie-Anik , Girard Michèle , Tardif François , Cochrane Jean-Philippe , Le Moignan Moreau Joanie , Breitbart William 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:We developed a specific cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential distress in nonmetastatic cancer patients. The present study reports the feasibility of implementing and evaluating this intervention, which involved 12 weekly sessions in both individual and group formats, and explores the efficacy of the intervention on existential and global quality of life (QoL) measures.Method:Some 33 nonmetastatic cancer patients were randomized between the group intervention, the individual intervention, and the usual condition of care. Evaluation of the intervention on the existential and global QoL of patients was performed using the existential well-being subscale and the global scale of the McGill Quality of Life (MQoL) Questionnaire.Results:All participants agreed that their participation in the program helped them deal with their illness and their personal life. Some 88.9% of participants agreed that this program should be proposed for all cancer patients, and 94.5% agreed that this intervention helped them to reflect on the meaning of their life. At post-intervention, both existential and psychological QoL improved in the group intervention versus usual care (p = 0.086 and 0.077, respectively). At the three-month follow-up, global and psychological QoL improved in the individual intervention versus usual care (p = 0.056 and 0.047, respectively).Significance of results:This pilot study confirms the relevance of the intervention and the feasibility of the recruitment and randomization processes. The data strongly suggest a potential efficacy of the intervention for existential and global quality of life, which will have to be confirmed in a larger study.
Bacterial metabolism of methylated amines and identification of novel methylotrophs in Movile Cave
Authors: Wischer Daniela , Kumaresan Deepak , Johnston Antonia , El Khawand Myriam , Stephenson Jason , Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra M , Chen Yin , Colin Murrell J 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Movile Cave, Romania, is an unusual underground ecosystem that has been sealed off from the outside world for several million years and is sustained by non-phototrophic carbon fixation. Methane and sulfur-oxidising bacteria are the main primary producers, supporting a complex food web that includes bacteria, fungi and cave-adapted invertebrates. A range of methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave grow on one-carbon compounds including methylated amines, which are produced via decomposition of organic-rich microbial mats. The role of methylated amines as a carbon and nitrogen source for bacteria in Movile Cave was investigated using a combination of cultivation studies and DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) using 13C-monomethylamine (MMA). Two newly developed primer sets targeting the gene for gamma-glutamylmethylamide synthetase (gmaS), the first enzyme of the recently-discovered indirect MMA-oxidation pathway, were applied in functional gene probing. SIP experiments revealed that the obligate methylotroph Methylotenera mobilis is one of the dominant MMA utilisers in the cave. DNA-SIP experiments also showed that a new facultative methylotroph isolated in this study, Catellibacterium sp. LW-1 is probably one of the most active MMA utilisers in Movile Cave. Methylated amines were also used as a nitrogen source by a wide range of non-methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave. PCR-based screening of bacterial isolates suggested that the indirect MMA-oxidation pathway involving GMA and N-methylglutamate is widespread among both methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic MMA utilisers from the cave.
Development of pro-apoptotic peptides as potential therapy for peritoneal endometriosis
Authors: Sugihara K. , Kobayashi Y. , Suzuki A. , Tamura N. , Motamedchaboki K. , Huang C.-T. , Akama T.O. , Pecotte J. , Frost P. , Bauer C. , Jimenez J.B. , Nakayama J. , Aoki D. , Fukuda M.N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEndometriosis is a common gynaecological disease associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Current treatments include oral contraceptives combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or surgery to remove lesions, all of which provide a temporary but not complete cure. Here we identify an endometriosis-targeting peptide that is internalized by cells, designated z13, using phage display. As most endometriosis occurs on organ surfaces facing the peritoneum, we subtracted a phage display library with female mouse peritoneum tissue and selected phage clones by binding to human endometrial epithelial cells. Proteomics analysis revealed the z13 receptor as the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β3, a sorting pathway protein. We then linked z13 with an apoptosis-inducing peptide and with an endosome-escaping peptide. When these peptides were co-administered into the peritoneum of baboons with endometriosis, cells in lesions selectively underwent apoptosis with no effect on neighbouring organs. Thus, this study presents a strategy that could be useful to treat peritoneal endometriosis in humans.
Microglial displacement of inhibitory synapses provides neuroprotection in the adult brain
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Jalabi Walid , Hu Weiwei , Park Hyun-Joo , Gale John T. , Kidd Grahame J. , Bernatowicz Rodica , Gossman Zachary C. , Chen Jacqueline T. , Dutta Ranjan , Trapp Bruce D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMicroglia actively survey the brain microenvironment and play essential roles in sculpting synaptic connections during brain development. While microglial functions in the adult brain are less clear, activated microglia can closely appose neuronal cell bodies and displace axosomatic presynaptic terminals. Microglia-mediated stripping of presynaptic terminals is considered neuroprotective, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Using 3D electron microscopy, we demonstrate that activated microglia displace inhibitory presynaptic terminals from cortical neurons in adult mice. Electrophysiological recordings further establish that the reduction in inhibitory GABAergic synapses increased synchronized firing of cortical neurons in γ-frequency band. Increased neuronal activity results in the calcium-mediated activation of CaM kinase IV, phosphorylation of CREB, increased expression of antiapoptotic and neurotrophic molecules and reduced apoptosis of cortical neurons following injury. These results indicate that activated microglia can protect the adult brain by migrating to inhibitory synapses and displacing them from cortical neurons.
A functional role of the sky’s polarization pattern for orientation in the greater mouse-eared bat
Authors: Greif Stefan , Borissov Ivailo , Yovel Yossi , Holland Richard A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAnimals can call on a multitude of sensory information to orient and navigate. One such cue is the pattern of polarized light in the sky, which for example can be used by birds as a geographical reference to calibrate other cues in the compass mechanism. Here we demonstrate that the female greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) uses polarization cues at sunset to calibrate a magnetic compass, which is subsequently used for orientation during a homing experiment. This renders bats the only mammal known so far to make use of the polarization pattern in the sky. Although there is currently no clear understanding of how this cue is perceived in this taxon, our observation has general implications for the sensory biology of mammalian vision.
Timing of circadian genes in mammalian tissues
Authors: Korenčič Anja , Košir Rok , Bordyugov Grigory , Lehmann Robert , Rozman Damjana , Herzel Hanspeter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCircadian clocks are endogenous oscillators driving daily rhythms in physiology. The cell-autonomous clock is governed by an interlocked network of transcriptional feedback loops. Hundreds of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) regulate tissue specific functions. Transcriptome studies reveal that different organs (e.g. liver, heart, adrenal gland) feature substantially varying sets of CCGs with different peak phase distributions. To study the phase variability of CCGs in mammalian peripheral tissues, we develop a core clock model for mouse liver and adrenal gland based on expression profiles and known cis-regulatory sites. ‘Modulation factors’ associated with E-boxes, ROR-elements and D-boxes can explain variable rhythms of CCGs, which is demonstrated for differential regulation of cytochromes P450 and 12 h harmonics. By varying model parameters we explore how tissue-specific peak phase distributions can be generated. The central role of E-boxes and ROR-elements is confirmed by analysing ChIP-seq data of BMAL1 and REV-ERB transcription factors.
Predicting fruit fly’s sensing rate with insect flight simulations
Authors: Chang Song , Wang Z. Jane 
Published: July 2014

Significance
To balance in air, insects not only need to generate enough lift, but also have to make subtle adjustments to their wing movement to stabilize themselves. The tiny changes during complex wing movement, together with the intricacy of the underlying neural feedback system, make it extremely difficult to observe the key changes and to tease out the internal control algorithms insects use to stabilize themselves. With computational simulations and analyses, we can now make predictions about how fast and how frequently a model insect must sense and act to stabilize itself. Our results offer a strategy for effective stabilization of flapping flight and lead us to conjecture that fruit flies sense their kinematic state every wing beat.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate triggers activation of focal adhesion kinase by inducing clustering and conformational changes
Authors: Goñi Guillermina M. , Epifano Carolina , Boskovic Jasminka , Camacho-Artacho Marta , Zhou Jing , Bronowska Agnieszka , Martín M. Teresa , Eck Michael J. , Kremer Leonor , Gräter Frauke , Gervasio Francesco Luigi , Perez-Moreno Mirna , Lietha Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases are major players in cell signaling. Among them, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is the key integrator of signals from growth factors and cell adhesion. In cancer, FAK is frequently overexpressed, and by promoting adhesion to the tumor stroma and ECM, FAK provides important signals for tumor invasion and metastasis. Although autoinhibitory mechanisms have previously been described and the players involved in FAK regulation are largely known, on a mechanistic level, FAK activation is currently not understood. Here, we present a multidisciplinary approach demonstrating a multistep mechanism resulting in FAK activation. This mechanistic insight enables the design of alternative strategies for the discovery of potential anticancer drugs that inhibit both catalytic and scaffolding functions of FAK with high specificity.
PAPD5-mediated 3′ adenylation and subsequent degradation of miR-21 is disrupted in proliferative disease
Authors: Boele Joost , Persson Helena , Shin Jay W. , Ishizu Yuri , Newie Inga S. , Søkilde Rolf , Hawkins Shannon M. , Coarfa Cristian , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Takayama Ken-ichi , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Ando Yoshinari , Burroughs A. Maxwell , Sasaki Chihiro , Suzuki Chizuru , Sakai Mizuho , Aoki Shintaro , Ogawa Ayumi , Hasegawa Akira , Lizio Marina , Kaida Kaoru , Teusink Bas , Carninci Piero , Suzuki Harukazu , Inoue Satoshi , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Rovira Carlos , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , de Hoon Michiel J. L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate genes by selectively silencing their target messenger RNAs. They are often produced as various sequence variants that differ at their 3′ or 5′ ends. While 5′ sequence variations affect which messenger RNAs are targeted by the miRNA, the functional significance of 3′ sequence variants remains largely elusive. Here, we analyze 3′ sequence variants of miR-21, a miRNA well known for its crucial role in cancer and other diseases. We show that tumor suppressor PAPD5 mediates adenosine addition to the 3′ end of miR-21, followed by its 3′-to-5′ trimming by an exoribonuclease. We find that this degradation pathway is disrupted across a wide variety of cancers, highlighting its importance in human disease.
Synthesis of bioactive protein hydrogels by genetically encoded SpyTag-SpyCatcher chemistry
Authors: Sun Fei , Zhang Wen-Bin , Mahdavi Alborz , Arnold Frances H. , Tirrell David A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have created a need for new biomaterial scaffolds that facilitate cell encapsulation and transplantation. Here we present an approach to the synthesis of artificial protein scaffolds that form spontaneously under physiological conditions. These protein hydrogels may be designed to include cell-adhesion ligands, protease cleavage sites, and full-length globular proteins that carry the information needed to program the behavior of encapsulated cells. We demonstrate the approach by encapsulating mouse embryonic stem cells in a protein scaffold that includes leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); the encapsulated cells remain pluripotent in the absence of added LIF. The results presented here illustrate a versatile strategy for the creation of information-rich biomaterials.
Subpolar addition of new cell wall is directed by DivIVA in mycobacteria
Authors: Meniche Xavier , Otten Renee , Siegrist M. Sloan , Baer Christina E. , Murphy Kenan C. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Sassetti Christopher M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The tropomyosin-like protein, DivIVA, determines the site of growth and cell morphology in mycobacteria. Surprisingly, although DivIVA is located at the tip of the growing cell pole, cell wall addition is excluded from this site. Both late cell wall synthetic enzymes and new cell wall deposition occur at a subpolar space, distinct from the DivIVA-marked cell tip. Instead of directly recruiting terminal cell wall synthetic systems, DivIVA interacts with enzymes involved in the early steps of the cell wall precursor synthesis. These results suggest a unique organization of the polar elongasome, where cell wall precursors are concentrated at the cell tip by DivIVA and then incorporated into the nascent cell wall in an annular pattern at the subpolar zone.
A phage protein that inhibits the bacterial ATPase required for type IV pilus assembly
Authors: Chung In-Young , Jang Hye-Jeong , Bae Hee-Won , Cho You-Hee 
Published: July 2014

Significance
We have identified a phage-encoded protein that inhibits the bacterial ATPase PilB, which is involved in type IV pilus (TFP) biogenesis and function. This phage protein-mediated PilB dysfunction is regarded as the superinfection-exclusion maneuver of the phage toward TFP-specific phages. This study inspires an antipathogenic target based on the ATPases ubiquitously conserved in the motility and secretion machineries important in bacterial pathogenesis.
Lysine methylation-dependent binding of 53BP1 to the pRb tumor suppressor
Authors: Carr Simon M. , Munro Shonagh , Zalmas Lykourgos-Panagiotis , Fedorov Oleg , Johansson Catrine , Krojer Tobias , Sagum Cari A. , Bedford Mark T. , Oppermann Udo , La Thangue Nicholas B. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response. Its importance in these processes is highlighted by the fact that it is mutated or functionally inactivated in almost all human tumors. Its activity is finely regulated by a number of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and methylation, which act to recruit “reader” proteins that mediate signaling events. Here, to our knowledge for the first time, we describe the methyl-dependent interaction between pRb and the tudor domain containing tumor protein p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) and describe how this interaction integrates pRb cell cycle control with the DNA damage response. Our results therefore widen the repertoire of cellular targets for 53BP1 and suggest a new role in regulating pRb tumor suppressor activity.
Complete genome of a nonphotosynthetic cyanobacterium in a diatom reveals recent adaptations to an intracellular lifestyle
Authors: Nakayama Takuro , Kamikawa Ryoma , Tanifuji Goro , Kashiyama Yuichiro , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Archibald John M. , Inagaki Yuji 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Members of the diatom family Rhopalodiaceae possess a cyanobacterial endosymbiont called a “spheroid body.” The spheroid body evolved much more recently than did mitochondria or plastids and is predicted to fix nitrogen. Here we present what is, to our knowledge, the first completely sequenced spheroid body genome from a rhopalodiacean diatom. Comparative analyses revealed that the endosymbiont is metabolically reduced, confirming its status as an obligate endosymbiont. The genome possesses genes for nitrogen fixation, and, to our surprise, no essential genes for photosynthesis. Thus, the spheroid body is, to our knowledge, the first known example of a nonphotosynthetic cyanobacterium, free-living or symbiotic. Rhopalodiacean diatoms have the potential to provide unique insight into the evolution of bacterial endosymbionts and their hosts.
Secondary bacterial flagellar system improves bacterial spreading by increasing the directional persistence of swimming
Authors: Bubendorfer Sebastian , Koltai Mihaly , Rossmann Florian , Sourjik Victor , Thormann Kai M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Flagella-mediated motility is an important or even crucial propagation factor for many bacteria. A number of polarly flagellated species possess a distinct secondary flagellar system, which, as current models suggest, allows more effective swimming under conditions of elevated viscosity or across surfaces. In this study, we demonstrate that such a secondary flagellar system may also exert beneficial effects in bacterial spreading by increasing the directional persistence through lowering the cellular turning angles. The strategy of increasing directional persistence to improve animal spreading efficiency has been proposed previously by theoretical modeling, and here we provide a specific example of how this strategy is used by bacteria.
Improving fatty acids production by engineering dynamic pathway regulation and metabolic control
Authors: Xu Peng , Li Lingyun , Zhang Fuming , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Koffas Mattheos 
Published: July 2014

Significance
One important synthetic chemistry reaction endowed by nature is the decarboxylative carbon condensation reaction using malonyl-CoA as carbon donor. Previous metabolic engineering efforts centered on the malonyl-CoA–dependent pathway have resulted in the production of many value-added compounds. Here we mimicked the native biological systems and used a dynamic regulatory network to optimize production titers and yield. The naturally existing transcriptional regulator FapR was rewired to dynamically control gene expressions involved in the supply and consumption of malonyl-CoA. Applying this metabolic control allowed the engineered cell to dynamically regulate pathway expression and compensated the metabolic activity of critical enzymes. The synthetic malonyl-CoA switch engineered in this study opens up new venues for dynamic pathway optimization and efficient production of malonyl-CoA–derived compounds.