bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy: Regional Situation and Impact of Implementation on National Immunization Programs in Latin America
Authors: Gentile Angela , Castellano Vanesa E. , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Dueñas Lourdes , Torres Juan P. , Izquierdo Giannina , Mariño Ana Cristina , Pujadas Ferrer Mónica , Jarovsky Daniel , Ochoa Theresa J. , Araya Yampey Soraya A. , Díaz Ortega José L. , Norero Ximena , Sáez-llorens Xavier , Ávila-Agüero María L. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Infants face a high risk of morbidity and mortality from pertussis early in life, leading to the adoption of maternal vaccination. This study aimed to review the characteristics of the maternal pertussis vaccination in Latin American (LATAM) countries and evaluate their impact on pertussis absolute mortality and case fatality rate (CFR) in infants under 1 year old.

Methods:
LATAM countries with maternal tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination in their National Immunization Programs were included. Data on pertussis incidence, deaths and cases in <1-year-old; characteristics of Tdap vaccination in pregnancy; and third dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis and Tdap coverage rates were collected and analyzed. The impact on absolute mortality and CFR was assessed by comparing the percentage reduction between 4 years before and after (up to 2019) the Tdap introduction for each country.

Results:
The LATAM countries included were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Post-Tdap introduction, pertussis incidence declined notably, especially from 2020. The beginning of the maternal Tdap strategy varied, occurring between 2012 and 2019, with a common recommendation at 20 weeks gestation. In most countries, absolute mortality and CFR decreased, though variations ranged from −9.9% to 88.9% and −60.6% to 81.2%, respectively. Tdap and third dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis coverage rates declined by 2021, with rates ranging from 37% to 92% and 58% to 95%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The characteristics of maternal Tdap vaccination varied across LATAM countries. The vaccine implementation into the National Immunization Program has reduced pertussis cases, deaths and CFR in infants <1-year-old in most countries.
Effect of the Ten-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumonia in Infants Younger Than Ten Weeks of Age in Southern Mozambique: A Population-based Prospective Surveillance Study
Authors: Massora Sérgio , Mucavele Hélio , Carvalho Maria da Gloria , Mandomando Inácio , Chaúque Alberto , Moiane Benild , Tembe Nelson , Omer Saad B. , Bassat Quique , Verani Jennifer R. , Menéndez Clara , Quintó Llorenç , Sigaúque Betuel , Bardají Azucena 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Mozambique introduced 10-valent-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in 2013. We aimed to evaluate the indirect effect of PCV10 on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and clinical severe pneumonia (CSP) in infants aged less than 10 weeks.

Methods:
Routine surveillance data for IPD and CSP among admitted infants less than 10 weeks of age were analyzed to compare IPD and CSP incidence using demographic surveillance data from pre- and post-PCV10 periods. IPD was defined as isolation of pneumococcus from blood or cerebrospinal fluid, and CSP according to World Health Organization criteria.

Results:
The incidence of IPD and CSP among infants less than 10 weeks decreased by 87% [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.95] from 283/100,000 in the pre-PCV to 36/100,000 children year at risk (CYAR) post-PCV, and by 62% (IRR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.27–0.52) from 4100/100,000 pre-PCV to 1550/100,000 CYAR post-PCV periods, respectively. Vaccine-type IPD incidence declined by 92% (IRR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02–1.34) from 205/100,000 pre-PCV to 36/100,000 CYAR post-PCV, though the reduction was not statistically significant. The mortality rate due to IPD among infants less than 10 weeks declined from 47/100,000 CYAR in the pre-PCV to 0 in the post-PCV period. Mortality due to CSP declined by 29% (IRR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.34–1.50), from 457/100,000 CYAR in the pre-PCV to 324/100,000 in the post-PCV periods.

Conclusions:
PCV10 introduction led to substantial declines in the incidence of IPD, CSP and associated mortality in infants too young to be vaccinated (less than 10 weeks) in Mozambique, suggesting indirect protection.
Antibody in Breastmilk Following Pertussis Vaccination in Three-time Windows in Pregnancy
Authors: Daniel Olwenn , Loughnan Myles , Quenby Miranda , Chawla Krina , Greening Vanessa , T. Heath Paul , Jones Christine E. , Khalil Asma , Ramkhelawon Laxmee , Calvert Anna , Le Doare Kirsty ,   on behalf of the MAMA/OpTIMUM breastmilk study group
Published: February 2025

Background:
Pertussis-containing vaccines are routinely offered in the UK at 16–32 weeks of gestation and have been shown to be safe and effective, but there remains debate about the best timing for vaccination. Most research into this has focused on serologic immunity, but breastmilk is also important in infant immunity, and the amount of IgA in breastmilk may impact mucosal immunity. It is important to understand if the timing of vaccination in pregnancy affects the concentration of IgA in breastmilk.

Methods:
Participants recruited as part of the MAMA (Maternal Antibody in Milk After Vaccination) and OpTIMUM (Optimizing the Timing of Whooping Cough Immunisations in Mums) trials received a pertussis-containing vaccine during pregnancy, either before 24 weeks, between 24 and 27+6 weeks or between 28 and 31+6 weeks. Samples of colostrum within 24 hours of delivery and breastmilk at 14 days were collected. Pertussis toxin, pertactin, tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid specific-IgA levels were measured using a multiplex immunoassay.

Results:
There was no difference in specific IgA levels against pertussis toxin, pertactin, tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid between the groups vaccinated within different time periods. For all antigens, there was decay in antigen-specific IgA levels between colostrum and breastmilk at 14 days.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the timing of administration of a pertussis-containing vaccine in pregnancy does not impact on antigen-specific IgA concentration in colostrum or breastmilk at 14 days.
Preliminary Results of First-in-Human Intravesical Cryotherapy of Nonmuscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hoffman Azik , Malshy Kamil , Sadeh Omer , Nativ Omri , Kochavi Eyal , Amiel Gilad E. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Cryotherapy with CO2 is commonly used to treat superficial papillary lesions of the skin for many years. Following preliminary results in an animal model, we present our first-in-human phase 1 clinical safety trial and preliminary results in treating low-grade noninvasive papillary lesions of the bladder with cryoablation.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with up to 3 papillary lesions and a maximum of 10 mm in size were recruited in a single institution. Patients with previous high-grade disease and/or positive cytology were excluded. Treatment included bladder CO2 insufflation and applying liquid CO2 cryospray to each lesion in 2 cycles of 15 seconds each, with 15 seconds of thawing between cycles. Cystoscopy and treatment site biopsy were performed 4-6 weeks after treatment. Routine surveillance with office cystoscopy was performed every 3 months for 1 year thereafter.

Results:
11 men and 2 women ages 59 to 79 years old were included. Overall, 24 lesions were treated. No complications were noted during treatment or follow-up. Pathological biopsy of the treatment sites 6 weeks after treatment detected residual low-grade TCC in three patients and high-grade TCC in one patient, which was attributed to suboptimal lesion freezing due to the initial learning curve in the first few patients, and misdiagnosis of high-grade disease in an additional patient. Two lesions were resected due to the inability to properly treat them with a rigid device. Overall, 20/24 of the lesions were negative for cancer on confirmatory biopsy (83%).

Conclusions:
Cryotherapy utilizing CO2 spraying for small low-grade NMIBC lesions is safe and feasible. Pathological analysis confirms efficacy in tumor eradication when properly selected and adequately treated by cryospray. This novel treatment may be used as an office procedure and might offer a potential paradigm shift in the treatment of low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Music Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Enhanced Functional Integration within the Frontal–Parietal–Temporal Brain Network in Patients with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus
Authors: Luo Yiwen , Gao Minqian , Xiao Yongtao , Yang Haidi 
Published: February 2025

Background
This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of music combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (music-CBT) and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating chronic subjective tinnitus.

Methods
Twenty-seven participants with chronic subjective tinnitus who underwent a 3-month music-CBT were initially involved in this retrospective study. The resting-state electroencephalograms (EEG) and behavioral assessments of pre- and post-music-CBT, including tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus functional index (TFI), visual analog scales (VAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) were collected and analyzed.

Results
Following music-CBT, there was a significant reduction in global behavioral assessment scores, with median changes of ΔTHI = 26.0 (p < 0.001), ΔTFI = 23.7 (p < 0.001), ΔVAS = 2.0 (p < 0.001), ΔPSQI = 2.0 (p = 0.002), and ΔHAMD-24 = 2.0 (p < 0.001). Enhanced functional connectivity was seen among the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices and significantly decreased characteristic path length (ΔCPL in delta = 0.016, p = 0.031; ΔCPL in theta = 0.012, p = 0.013), increased global efficiency (ΔGE in delta = −0.014, p = 0.037; ΔGE in theta = −0.006, p = 0.021), and local efficiency (ΔLE in delta = −0.015, p = 0.037; ΔLE in theta = −0.012, p = 0.015) were also noted. Additionally, associations were identified between ΔPSQI and ΔTHI (rho = 0.546, p = 0.003) and ΔTFI (rho = 0.462, p = 0.015); between ΔHAMD-24 and ΔCPL (rho = −0.389, p = 0.045), ΔGE (rho = 0.395, p = 0.041), and ΔLE (rho = 0.405, p = 0.036).

Conclusion
Optimized cognitive and emotional responses to tinnitus are linked to functional integration within the frontal–parietal–temporal brain network. Early node indicators for tinnitus relief may be the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and the right inferior parietal lobule.
Long-Term Results of Cochlear Implantation in Single-Sided Deaf Patients: Influence of Duration of Deafness and Age at Onset of Deafness
Authors: Honeder Clemens , Gadenstaetter Anselm J. , Liepins Rudolfs , Auinger Alice B. , Riss Dominik , Arnoldner Christoph , Dahm Valerie 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of duration, time point, and etiology of deafness on cochlear implant user rates, and to investigate the long-term hearing performance in single-sided deaf patients.

Study Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Tertiary care hospital.

Patients
77 subjects with single-sided deafness

Intervention
Unilateral cochlear implantation between 2009 and 2022.

Main Outcome Measures
Patients were categorized into users and nonusers. Duration of deafness, onset of deafness, etiology, and further demographic data were collected. Pure tone audiometry, Freiburg numbers, and monosyllables test were carried out at activation, as well as 1 year, 2 to 3 years, and 5 years after cochlear implant activation.

Results
Most patients who lost their hearing after the age of 10 years were cochlear implant users, while patients who lost their hearing earlier and were implanted with a significant delay were likely nonusers. Even patients implanted more than 10 years after the hearing loss regularly used the cochlear implant, if deafness occurred at the age of 10 years or later. Implanted patients showed an improvement of hearing from activation to 1 year postoperatively as well as stable hearing thresholds for 5 years.

Conclusions
The timing of hearing loss influences cochlear implant user rates. Patients who acquired single-sided deafness above the age of 10 years use the device regularly even if the duration of deafness was more than 10 years. This challenges the 10-year cutoff for cochlear implant indication. Furthermore, results show good long-term hearing thresholds and speech understanding for cochlear implant patients who use their device regularly.
The Possible Role of Biofilm Formation in Recidivism of Cholesteatomatous and Noncholesteatomatous Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Zeybek Sivas Zuhal , Yıldırım Nadir 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is typically classified into two distinct types: CSOM (without cholestetoma) and CSOM with cholesteatoma (CCSOM). The main microbial agents in both types are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is believed that the virulence of the infecting microorganisms and their biofilm production capacity play a role in the chronicity and persistence of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogen microorganisms with their biofilm formation in CSOM, CCSOM, and their recidivism.

Materials and Methods
A cohort of 57 patients was separated into four subgroups as primary CSOM (CSOM, CCSOM) and postoperatively recurring/residual CSOM [(R)CSOM, (R)CCSOM] groups. A control group was formed of 10 patients who underwent tympanotomy for conductive hearing loss without any known past/present ear inflammation. In all 67 patients, ear swabs for culture and the tissue samples for biofilm studies were obtained pre- or intraoperatively.

Results
The most common bacteria grown in the culture mediums were Pseudomonas spp., S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and coliform bacteria. In the SEM study, biofilms were detected in 9 of 15 CCSOM and 6 of 14 CSOM, and in 13 of 14 (R)CCSOM and 11 of 14 (R)CSOM ears. Statistical analysis showed significantly higher rates of biofilm formation in both recidivist cholesteatomatous and noncholesteatomatous CSOM groups than their primary counterpart groups.

Conclusion
The findings that biofilm is more prevalent in the recidivist cases substantiated that biofilm formation is correlated with the persistence and additionally aggressiveness of the disease in both CSOM types. S. aureus appeared as the leading biofilm-producing bacterium.
Cochlear Implant Outcomes: A Focused Way of Looking at Speech Perception and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Severson Dylan , Brumer Nadav , Hazlewood Chantel , Elkins Elizabeth , Hillyer Jake , Parbery-Clark Alexandra 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and speech perception in cochlear implant (CI) users is inconsistent across existing research. To investigate this relationship, we assessed HRQoL using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) and speech perception using the Minimum Speech Test Battery (MSTB). The present study proposes an additional subscore to the GBI: CI global outcomes.

Methods
Seventeen bimodal CI users between the ages of 55 and 85 years participated in the study. All participants completed the GBI as well as the MSTB (e.g., AzBio sentence test in quiet and noise, the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech-in-Noise test [BKB-SIN], and the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant test [CNC]). Correlations were calculated between HRQoL and speech perception measures.

Results
Improvement in QoL as measured by the GBI CI global outcomes subscore significantly related to better performance on the AzBio in noise. No other significant relationships between the GBI and CI speech perception ability were observed.

Conclusion
CI global outcomes significantly related to speech perception ability in noise (AzBio), suggesting that this novel metric may be useful for capturing bimodal CI patient-reported outcomes.
Novel biomarkers in asthma
Authors: Agrawal Nikita , Kraft Monica 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Asthma is a common global respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. It is a heterogenous group of disorders with overlapping biological mechanisms. This review will discuss the current state of the use of biomarkers in asthma with an eye to the future. The identification of biomarkers has advanced our understanding of inflammatory pathways in asthma and aided in development of targeted therapies. However, even with similar inflammatory biomarkers, not all patients respond uniformly. Thus, further research into novel biomarkers in asthma is needed.

Recent findings
Recent literature highlights several key themes in biomarker research for asthma. Biomarkers can be derived from various sources, including sputum, blood, urine, and exhaled breath. Historically, studies have focused on eosinophilic inflammation, yet total blood eosinophil counts do not capture asthma pathology and treatment responses. Recent investigations explore eosinophil activity as well as eosinophil subpopulations based on surface protein expressions. Mast cell involvement, their mediators, and club cell secretory protein are further being examined across different asthma molecular phenotypes.

Summary
The complexity of inflammatory pathways in asthma, influenced by various factors, underscores the inadequacy of relying on a single biomarker at one time point. Continued research is essential to identify appropriate biomarkers.
CT-based Osteoporosis Classification and Bone-Muscle Interaction Mapping Using Multiple Interpretable Machine Learning Models with theBMINetFramework
Authors: Wang Jingran , Hao Ziyan , Lin Liyun , Liu Jiachen , Wang Jiarong , Tang Zaixiang , Geng Dechun , Ni Caifang , Yang Huilin , Li Kun , Du Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis progresses through stages characterized by declining bone mineral density, vertebral deterioration, and muscle atrophy, with bone-muscle interactions driving synergistic degeneration.MethodsThis study retrospectively collected data from 444 patients aged 50 and older, who underwent DXA, CT, and MRI scans at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. CT values were measured for 6 vertebrae (L1-S1) and 30 adjacent muscle groups (psoas major, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum) to assess vertebral and muscle density. After analyzing changes in CT values across osteoporosis stages development to capture vertebrae and muscles degeneration pattern, we use multiple interpretable machine learning models to construct classification model and construct bone-muscle interaction network.ResultsThis study found that osteoporosis progresses with age, with faster degeneration in females. Early stages show significant bone degradation, especially in L5 and S1 vertebrae, while later stages highlight muscle atrophy. Machine learning models, enhanced by Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), effectively predicted disease progression (with Normal vs. Osteopenia 0.788, Normal vs. Osteoporosis 0.909, Normal vs. Osteoporotic fracture 0.942, Osteopenia vs. Osteoporosis 0.708, Osteopenia vs. Osteoporotic fracture 0.820 and Osteoporosis vs. Osteoporotic fracture 0.770). The Combined bone muscle interaction network reveals that vertebrae dominate early interactions, shifting to the muscle-clustered module in advanced stages, reflecting the complex degeneration of both bone and muscle.ConclusionThis study develops classification models and analyze bone-muscle interactions in osteoporosis, uncovering synergistic degradation patterns across disease stages. The innovative BMINet toolkit offers an efficient, interpretable framework for personalized analysis, advancing precision medicine and integrated care for osteoporosis patients.
Detecting Non-linear Dependence through Genome Wide Analysis
Authors: Akingbuwa Wonuola A , Nivard Michel G 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the current study we introduce statistical methods based on trigonometry, to infer the shape of a (non)-linear bivariate genetic relationship. We do this based on a series of piecemeal GWASs of segments of a target (continuous) trait distribution, and the genetic correlations between those GWASs and a second trait. Simulations confirm that we are able to retrieve the shape of the relationship given certain assumptions about the nature of the relationship between the traits. We applied the method to the genetic relationship between BMI, sleep duration, and height, and psychiatric disorders (ADHD, anorexia nervosa, and depression) using data from approximately 450K individuals from UK Biobank.In the relationship between BMI and psychiatric traits, we found that the expected value of depression is a nonlinear function of BMI i.e. there is a nonlinear genetic relationship between both traits. We observed similar findings for the genetic relationship between BMI and anorexia, sleep duration and depression, and sleep duration and ADHD. We observed no underlying nonlinearity in the genetic relationship between height and psychiatric traits.Using a novel statistical approach, we show that nonlinear genetic relationships between traits are detectable and genetic associations as quantified using global estimators like genetic correlations are not informative about underlying complexities in these relationships. Our findings challenge assumptions of linearity in genetic epidemiology and suggest that bivariate genetic associations are not uniform across the phenotypic spectrum, which may have implications for the development of targeted interventions.
Probing the zooarchaeological record across time and space for ancient pathogens
Authors: Runge Anne Kathrine W. , Light-Maka Ian , Massy Ken , Keller Marcel , Trixl Simon , Kabral Helja , Kirkpatrick Casey L. , Bos Kirsten , Eger Jana , Ernée Michal , Kyselý René , Hochmuth Michael , Poradowski Dominik , Chrószcz Aleksander , Benecke Norbert , Daněček David , Klementová Jana , Nagler Anatoli , Kalmykov Alexey A. , Kantorovich Anatoly R. , Maslov Vladimir E. , Belinskiy Andrey B. , Scheib Christiana L. , Toderaş Meda , Hansen Svend , Stockhammer Philipp W. , Kaniuth Kai , Uhl Regina , Reinhold Sabine , Gillis Rosalind E. , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Pawlowska Kamilla , Key Felix M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZoonoses are among the greatest threats to human health, with many zoonotic pathogens believed to have emerged during prehistory. Palaeomicrobiological investigations of the zooarchaeological record hold potential to uncover the reservoirs, host ranges, and host adaptations of zoonotic pathogens but face challenges in identifying promising specimens and pathogen DNA preservation. We performed palaeopathological and genetic examinations of 346 skeletal elements from domesticated and wild animals collected from 34 Eurasian sites dating across the last six millennia. We identified 68 signatures of ancient (opportunistic) pathogens, including the important zoonotic pathogenSalmonella enterica, and found support that palaeopathological lesions provide guidance for specimen selection. For two pathogen species,Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeandStreptococcus lutetiensis, we confirmed their ancient authenticity using phylogenetics, showcasing an approach to explore the relationship between ancient low-coverage genomes and their modern-day relatives. Our work presents a pathway to understanding prehistoric zoonotic diseases by integrating zooarchaeological, palaeopathological, and genetic data.